bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addition of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Juan , Liu Chen , Guo Yaru , Guo Wenwen , Wu Xiaojin 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIn recent years, the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to chemotherapy (CT) has become a research hotspot in the therapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Nevertheless, controversial results have been revealed among the published randomized controlled trials. Hence, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the therapeutic effect of this treatment regimen.MethodsFive English databases (PubMed, WOS, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Embase), and four Chinese databases (CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang), as well as oncological meetings, were systematically searched to identify eligible studies that assessed the addition of ICI to CT versus CT alone in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using fixed- or random-effect model. Subgroup analyses were also performed in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and PD-L1-positive individuals.ResultsAll told there are five eligible randomized controlled trials involving 3,000 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Compared with CT alone, the ICI plus CT regimen significantly increased PFS in the ITT (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.88) and PD-L1-positive (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62–0.79) populations, as well as OS in the ITT (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.97) and PD-L1-positive populations (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71–0.91). Moreover, the PFS of sufferers treated with the combination strategy of ICI with CT increased alongside PD-L1 enrichment. A clinical benefit in terms of objective response rate was also distinctly observed in both populations treated with ICI plus CT. In the subgroup analysis, patients in the no prior CT subgroup experienced a striking increase in PFS in both populations; however, a difference was not observed in other subgroups.ConclusionsThe combination strategy striking improves PFS and OS in both ITT and PD-L1-positive populations, and PFS is prolonged with PD-L1 enrichment. Patients who do not receive CT prior to this treatment are associated with longer PFS in both populations.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42021289817.
Online searches for hepatocellular carcinoma drugs mirror prescription trends across specialties and changes in guideline recommendations
Authors: Berning Philipp , Schroer Adrian E. , Adhikari Rishav , Razavi Alexander C. , Cornelis Francois H. , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Solomon Stephen B. , Sarkar Debkumar , Vargas Hebert Alberto , Schöder Heiko , Fox Josef J. , Dzaye Omar 
Published: February 2024

Background &amp; aimsThe treatment options for systemically progressed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have significantly expanded in recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of Google searches as a reflection of prescription rates for HCC drugs in the United States (US).MethodsWe conducted an in-depth analysis of US prescription data obtained from the IQVIA National Prescription Audit (NPA) and corresponding Google Trends data from January 2017 to December 2022. We focused on drugs used in the first line and second or later treatment lines for HCC, collecting data on their prescriptions and search rates. Search volumes were collected as aggregated search queries for both generic drugs and their respective brand names.ResultsDuring the study period from Q1 2017 to Q4 2022, monthly prescriptions for drugs used in HCC treatment showed an 173% increase (from 1253 to 3422). Conversely online searches increased by 3.5% (from 173 to 179 per 10 million searches). Notably, strong correlations were observed between search interest and prescriptions for newer drugs, which indicates increasing usage, while older drugs with declining usage displayed limited correlation. Our findings suggest a growing role of non-physician professions in managing systemically progressed HCC within the US healthcare system, although oncologists remained primarily responsible for drug prescriptions.ConclusionsIn conclusion, online search monitoring can offer the potential to reflect prescription trends specifically related to the treatment of HCC. This approach provides a swift and accessible means of evaluating the evolving landscape of HCC treatment.
Various interventions for cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ying , Gao Lei , Chao Yaqing , Lan Tianhao , Zhang Jie , Li Ruoqi , Zhang Zerui , Li Shuming , Lian Jing , Wang Zhaofeng , Chen Xiaoan 
Published: February 2024

PurposeTo investigate the effects of various intervention approaches on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in patients with breast cancer.MethodComputer searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang databases from their establishment to June 2023. Selection was made using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 77 articles were included to compare the effects of 12 interventions on patients with breast cancer.ResultsSeventy-seven studies with 12 various interventions were examined. The network findings indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (SMD, -1.56; 95%CI, -3.08~-0.04), Chinese traditional exercises (CTE) (SMD, -0.85; 95%CI, -1.34~-0.36), aerobic exercise (AE) (SMD, -0.77; 95%CI, -1.09~-0.45), multimodal exercise (ME) (SMD, -0.75; 95%CI, -1.26~-0.25), music interventions (MI) (SMD, -0.74; 95%CI, -1.45~-0.03), and yoga (YG) (SMD, -0.44; 95%CI, -0.83 to -0.06) can reduce CRF more than the control group (CG). For relaxation exercises (RE) (MD, -6.69; 95%CI, -9.81~-3.57), MI (MD, -5.45; 95%CI, -7.98~-2.92), AE (MD, -4.34; 95%CI, -5.90~-2.78), ME (MD, -3.47; 95%CI, -4.95~-1.99), YG (MD, -2.07; 95%CI, -3.56~-0.57), and mindfulness training (MD, -1.68; 95%CI, -2.91~-0.46), PSQI improvement was superior to CG. In addition, for CTE (MD, 11.39; 95%CI, 4.11-18.66), YG (MD, 11.28; 95%CI, 1.63-20.93), and AE (MD, 9.34; 95%CI, 0.26~18.42), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast improvement was superior to CG.ConclusionCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective measure for alleviating CRF in patients with breast cancer and Relaxation exercises (RE) is the most effective measure for improving sleep quality. In addition, Chinese traditional exercises (CTE) is the best measure for enhancing quality of life. Additional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are expected to further investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of these interventions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023471574.
Blood pressure fragmentation as a new measure of blood pressure variability: association with predictors of cardiac surgery outcomes
Authors: Costa Madalena D. , Rangasamy Valluvan , Behera Alkananda , Mathur Priyam , Khera Tanvi , Goldberger Ary L. , Subramaniam Balachundhar 
Published: February 2024

Background: Fluctuations in beat-to-beat blood pressure variability (BPV) encode untapped information of clinical utility. A need exists for developing new methods to quantify the dynamical properties of these fluctuations beyond their mean and variance.Objectives: Introduction of a new beat-to-beat BPV measure, termed blood pressure fragmentation (BPF), and testing of whether increased preoperative BPF is associated with (i) older age; (ii) higher cardiac surgical risk, assessed using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ (STS) Risk of Morbidity and Mortality index and the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation Score (EuroSCORE II); and (iii) longer ICU length of stay (LOS) following cardiac surgery. The secondary objective was to use standard BPV measures, specifically, mean, SD, coefficient of variation (CV), average real variability (ARV), as well a short-term scaling index, the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) ⍺1 exponent, in the same type of analyses to compare the results with those obtained using BPF.Methods: Consecutive sample of 497 adult patients (72% male; age, median [inter-quartile range]: 67 [59–75] years) undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Fragmentation, standard BPV and DFA ⍺1 measures were derived from preoperative systolic blood pressure (SBP) time series obtained from radial artery recordings.Results: Increased preoperative systolic BPF was associated with older age, higher STS Risk of Morbidity and Mortality and EuroSCORE II values, and longer ICU LOS in all models. Specifically, a one-SD increase in systolic BPF (9%) was associated with a 26% (13%–40%) higher likelihood of longer ICU LOS (&gt;2 days). Among the other measures, only ARV and DFA ⍺1 tended to be associated with longer ICU LOS. However, the associations did not reach significance in the most adjusted models.Conclusion: Preoperative BPF was significantly associated with preoperative predictors of cardiac surgical outcomes as well as with ICU LOS. Our findings encourage future studies of preoperative BPF for assessment of health status and risk stratification of surgical and non-surgical patients.
Comparative anatomy of the Sapajus sp. (bearded capuchin) hand with comments on tool use in a parallel evolution with the hominid pathway
Authors: Bretas Rafael , Freitas-Ferreira Emmanuel , Souto Maior Rafael , Tomaz Carlos , Gonçalves-Mendes Maria Tereza , Aversi-Ferreira Tales Alexandre 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Bearded capuchins display a wide variety of manipulatory skills and make routine use of tools in both captivity and the wild. The efficient handling of objects in this genus has led several investigators to assume near-human thumb movements, despite a lack of anatomical studies.Methods: Here, we performed an anatomical analysis of muscles and bones in the capuchin hand. Sapajus morphological traits were quantitatively compared with those of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and baboons.Results: The comparative analysis indicated that the Sapajus hand is more similar to that of baboons and least similar to that of humans according to the muscles, bones, and three-dimensional data. Furthermore, these findings suggest that bearded capuchins lack true thumb opponency. Regarding manipulatory skills, they display rather primitive hand traits, with limited resources for precision grasping using the opponens pollicis.Discussion: These findings suggest that bearded capuchins’ complex use of tools depends more heavily on their high cognitive abilities than on a versatile hand apparatus. These findings offer crucial insights into the evolution of primate cognition.
The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders for misophonia: a pilot trial exploring acceptability and efficacy
Authors: McMahon Kibby , Cassiello-Robbins Clair , Greenleaf Anna , Guetta Rachel , Frazer-Abel Emily , Kelley Lisalynn , Rosenthal M. Zachary 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMisophonia is a recently defined disorder characterized by distressing responses to everyday sounds, such as chewing or sniffling. Individuals with misophonia experience significant functional impairment but have limited options for evidenced-based behavioral treatment. To address this gap in the literature, the current pilot trial explored the acceptability and efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral approach to treating symptoms of misophonia.MethodsThis trial was conducted in two studies: In Study 1, the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) was delivered to eight patients in order to receive feedback to guide revisions to the treatment to suit this population. In Study 2, ten patients received the revised UP treatment to explore its acceptability and preliminary efficacy. This study used a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines, randomizing patients to either a 2-week baseline or 4-week baseline prior to the 16 weeks of treatment, followed by four weeks of follow-up.ResultsThe findings from these studies suggested that patients found both the original and adapted versions of the UP to be acceptable and taught them skills for how to manage their misophonia symptoms. Importantly, the findings also suggested that the UP can help remediate symptoms of misophonia, particularly the emotional and behavioral responses.DiscussionThese findings provide preliminary evidence that this transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders can improve symptoms of misophonia in adults.
Community-based models of care for adolescent and adult depression, suicidal behavior, anxiety, trauma, and substance use in Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Raeber Fabian , Haldemann Maria-Inés , Ray Somidha , Huber Jacqueline , Firima Emmanuel , Fernandez Lucia Gonzalez , Amstutz Alain , Gerber Felix , Labhardt Niklaus D. , Belus Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundCommunity-based care (CBC), where care is delivered outside of the traditional health facility setting, has been proposed to narrow the mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) treatment gap in Africa.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to comprehensively summarize CBC models addressing adolescent and adult MH (depression, anxiety, trauma, suicidal behavior) and (non-tobacco) SU problems in Africa.MethodsWe searched PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Medline Ovid. Studies and protocols were included if they reported on CBC intervention’s effects on MH or SU symptoms/ diagnoses, acceptability, feasibility, or patient engagement in care, regardless of whether the intervention itself was designed specifically for MH or SU.ResultsAmong 11,477 screened publications, 217 were eligible. Of the unique intervention studies (n = 206), CBC models were classified into the following approaches (non-mutually exclusive): psychotherapeutic (n = 144), social (n = 81), lifestyle/physical health (n = 55), economic (n = 26), and psychopharmacological (n = 2). While quantitative results suggest possible efficacy of CBC models, description of CBC location was often poor. Fewer interventions addressed suicidal behavior (n = 12), the needs of adolescents (n = 49), or used traditional healers or religious figures as providers (n = 3).ConclusionMany CBC models have been tested on MH and SU in Africa and should be critically appraised and meta-analyzed in subsequent reviews, where possible.
The simultaneous presence of demoralization, apathy, and depression has a detrimental impact on both cognitive function and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Zhu Xiaobo , Gan Jing , Wu Na , Zhang Yu , Liu Zhenguo 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveParkinson’s disease (PD) is marked not only by motor symptoms but also by neuropsychiatric manifestations, including demoralization, apathy, and depression. Understanding the clinical distribution and characteristics of these co-occurring symptoms is crucial for improving quality of life of PD patients.MethodsThis study enrolled 195 Chinese PD patients from Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The study involved analyzing the clinical characteristics related to the simultaneous presence of demoralization, apathy, and depression in PD patients. Linear regression was employed to elucidate the linear trend between the quantity of negative neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive function, as well as motor symptoms and motor complications. SPSS mediation models were utilized to investigate whether the severity of cognitive function mediated the connection between multiple negative neuropsychiatric symptoms and motor symptoms.ResultsAmong PD patients, a notable 57.5% experience the presence of multiple concurrent negative neuropsychiatric symptoms. Our investigation unveiled a correlation where patients with more negative neuropsychiatric symptoms displayed heightened cognitive impairment (P=0.048) and more severe motor symptoms (P=0.024), following a linear trend with increasing symptom numbers. Additionally, cognitive impairment played a partial mediating role in the impact of multiple negative neuropsychiatric symptoms on motor symptoms (β=0.747; 95% bootstrap confidence interval: 0.195 to 1.532).ConclusionsThe co-occurrence of these negative neuropsychiatric symptoms has the potential to worsen cognitive function and motor symptoms in PD patients. Moreover, cognitive impairment was identified as playing a partial mediating role in the relationship between multiple negative neuropsychiatric symptoms and motor symptoms.
Perceived discrimination and its association with self-rated health, chronic pain, mental health, and utilization of health services among Syrian refugees in Norway: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dadras Omid , Diaz Esperanza 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThere is a scarcity of research on discriminatory experiences and their association with health outcomes among Syrian Refugees in Norway. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between perceived discrimination, self-rated health (SRH), chronic pain, poor mental health, and healthcare utilization among Syrian refugees resettled in Norway.MethodsCross-sectional data from the Integration for Health project were analyzed, including 154 Syrian refugees who resettled in Norway in 2018–19. Perceived discrimination, SRH, chronic pain, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and healthcare visits were assessed. Statistical analyses, including Poisson regression and multinomial logistic regression, were conducted. The significant statistical level was set at 0.05.ResultsApproximately 30% of participants reported experiencing discrimination, with no significant associations between sociodemographic factors and perceived discrimination. Perceived discrimination was significantly associated with psychological distress (adjusted PR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.21–3.55), post-traumatic stress symptoms (adjusted PR: 11.54, 95%CI: 1.25–106.16), and 4 or more psychologist visits (adjusted OR: 12.60, 95%CI: 1.72–92.16). However, no significant associations were found between perceived discrimination and SRH; pain symptoms, or general healthcare utilization.ConclusionExperienced discrimination is highly prevalent and seems to be associated with mental health outcomes, but not clearly with SRH, pain, or general healthcare visits among Syrian refugees living in Norway. Efforts should focus on reducing discrimination, promoting social inclusion, and improving access to mental health services for refugees. Public awareness campaigns, anti-discrimination policies, and cultural training for healthcare professionals are recommended to address these issues and improve the well-being of Syrian refugees in Norway.
The effect of social support on home isolation anxiety and depression among college students in the post-pandemic era: the mediating effect of perceived loss of control and the moderating role of family socioeconomic status
Authors: Shi Hui 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThere is an escalating concern about the rising levels of anxiety and depression among college students, especially during the post-pandemic era. A thorough examination of the various dimensions of social support and their impact on these negative emotions in college students is imperative.AimThis study aimed to determine if a perceived loss of control mediates the relationship between social support and levels of anxiety and depression among college students during the post-pandemic era. Additionally, it examined whether family socioeconomic status moderates this mediated relationship.MethodsWe administered an online cross-sectional survey in China, securing responses from 502 participants. The sample comprised home-isolated college students impacted by COVID-19. Established scales were employed to assess social support, anxiety, depression, perceived loss of control, and family socioeconomic status. Analytical techniques included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a bootstrap method to investigate mediating and moderating effects.ResultsSocial support was found to negatively affect anxiety and depression in college students, with perceived loss of control partially mediating this relationship. In addition, family socio-economic status was shown to moderate this moderating process. Furthermore, family socioeconomic status influenced this mediation, with higher socioeconomic families exhibiting a stronger moderating effect on perceived loss of control across different dimensions of social support.ConclusionThis study may help to develop strategies to mitigate the impact of anxiety and depression in the lives and studies of university students during unexpected public health crises, and to promote better mental health among college students.
Comparison of pre-and postoperative medication costs in patients who underwent bariatric surgery – a nationwide data analysis
Authors: Osińska Magdalena , Sanchak Yaroslav , Śliwczyński Andrzej , Franek Edward , Walicka Magdalena 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionBariatric surgery has known health benefits and may lower the medication-related costs. This study aimed to assess the cost of medications prior to and after bariatric surgery in the Polish nationwide registry.MethodsThe study included 2,390 adults. The analysis was conducted separately for a 12-month pre-operative period, and a 12-month postoperative period. The total costs of medication and cost per anatomical therapeutic chemical group were assessed and the mean cost per patient in the preoperative and postoperative periods was compared.ResultsThe study showed a significant increase in the overall medication costs and mean costs of medications per patient in the year after bariatric surgery. This increase was related mainly to low-molecular-weight heparins used in the 1st month after surgery. Alternatively, costs of medication used in the cardiovascular system diseases and anti-infectives decreased significantly. The total costs of hypoglycemic agents were reduced by 46%, antihypertensive medications by 29%, and lipid-lowering drugs by 38.ConclusionsIn general, medication costs are higher in the first year after surgery. The increase results from the perioperative use of low-molecular-weight heparins, whereas a significant cost reduction of glucose-, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and anti-infective medications was observed.