bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative assessment for and outcomes of mandibular conservation surgery
Authors: Werning John W. , Byers Robert M. , Novas Mark A. , Roberts Dianna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntroductionThe role of marginal mandibulectomy and other conservative resective procedures for patients with early cortical mandibular invasion from squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity remains poorly defined. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative assessment for bone invasion and the outcomes of different mandibular resective procedures that preserve mandibular continuity.MethodsThe charts of 222 patients treated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1960 and 1990 were reviewed. All patients had a biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of squamous carcinoma involving either the lower gingiva, floor of mouth, oral tongue, or retromolar trigone. All patients had a surgical resection that involved removing less than a segment of the mandible. Patient data were analyzed to determine the usefulness of preoperative assessment and outcomes of therapy.ResultsClinical evaluation of mandibular bone invasion was more sensitive than radiologic evaluation, whereas radiologic assessment was more specific and had a higher reliability index. The overall local and regional recurrence and distant metastasis rates for all T stages were 14.4%, 18.0%, and 2.7%, respectively. Sixty‐nine point eight percent of all patients were without evidence of disease 2 years after treatment.ConclusionsMandibular conservation surgery is oncologically safe for patients with early mandibular invasion. Accurate preoperative assessment that combines clinical examination and radiographic evaluation is better than either modality alone, but clinical judgment is still necessary for proper patient selection. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 1024–1030, 2001.
Prognostic significance of serum p53 protein and p53 antibody in patients with surgical treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chow Vivian , Yuen Anthony Po Wing , Lam King Yin , Ho Wai Kuen , Wei William Ignace 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims at investigating the prognostic values of serum p53 protein and anti‐p53 antibody in patients undergoing surgical treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsSerum p53 protein and anti‐p53 antibody concentrations were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 75 patients with HNSCC and 28 healthy controls. In 28 patients, formalin‐fixed tumor tissues were also available for immunohistochemical staining by an anti‐p53 DO7 monoclonal antibody. The results were correlated with the clinicopathologic parameters.ResultsThe mean preoperative serum concentration of p53 protein in patients with HNSCC was significantly higher than healthy controls (59.45 pg/mL vs 16.4 pg/mL, p = .007). Preoperative serum p53 antibody was present in 23 (31%) patients and was present in one healthy control. Eighteen (62%) tumor tissues showed p53 overexpression by immunohistochemistry. The presence of serum anti‐p53 antibody before operation was associated with a significantly higher incidence (65%) of nodal metastasis compared with 27% nodal metastasis in patients with absence of serum anti‐p53 antibody (p = .002).ConclusionPreoperative serum p53 antibody was a significant prognostic factor for nodal metastasis of HNSCC. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 286–291, 2001.
Hyperexcitability and epilepsy associated with disruption of the mouse neuronal‐specific K–Cl cotransporter gene
Authors: Woo Nam‐Sik , Lu Jianming , England Roger , McClellan Robert , Dufour Samuel , Mount David B. , Deutch Ariel Y. , Lovinger David M. , Delpire Eric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour genes encode electroneutral, Na+‐independent, K–Cl cotransporters. KCC2, is exclusively expressed in neurons where it is thought to drive intracellular Cl− to low concentrations and shift the reversal potential for Cl− conductances such as GABAA or glycine receptor channels, thus participating in the postnatal development of inhibitory mechanisms in the brain. Indeed, expression of the cotransporter is low at birth and increases postnatally, at a time when the intracellular Cl− concentration in neurons decreases and γ‐aminobutyric acid switches its effect from excitatory to inhibitory. To assert the significance of KCC2 in neuronal function, we disrupted the mouse gene encoding this neuronal‐specific K–Cl cotransporter. We demonstrate that animals deficient in KCC2 exhibit frequent generalized seizures and die shortly after birth. We also show upregulation of Fos, the product of the immediate early gene c‐fos, and the significant loss of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons, both indicative of brain injury. The regions most affected are the hippocampus and temporal and entorhinal cortices. Extracellular field potential measurements in the CA1 hippocampus exhibited hyperexcitability. Application of picrotoxin, a blocker of the GABAA receptor, further increased hyperexcitability in homozygous hippocampal sections. Pharmacological treatment of pups showed that diazepam relieved the seizures while phenytoin prevented them between postnatal ages P4–P12. Finally, we demonstrate that adult heterozygote animals show increased susceptibility for epileptic seizure and increased resistance to the anticonvulsant effect of propofol. Taken together, these results indicate that KCC2 plays an important role in controlling CNS excitability during both postnatal development and adult life. Hippocampus 2002;12:258–268. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tuberculosis in blood and marrow transplant recipients
Authors: Yuen K. Y. , Woo P. C. Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough one third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB), TB in blood and marrow transplant (BMT) recipients is relatively less well studied, as the incidence of TB is relatively low in developed countries with BMT units. Since the report of the first two cases in 1983, 52 cases of TB complicating BMT have been reported in the English literature from BMT centers in ten different countries. Not unexpectedly, the two largest series were reported from areas with a high incidence of TB in the general population, with about 45 cases per 105 inhabitants per year in Spain and about 100 cases per 105 inhabitants per year in Hong Kong respectively. The overall frequency of occurrence of TB in BMT recipients was 0.4% (52 cases among 13 881 BMT recipients), with a male:female ratio of 11:9 and median age of 33 (range 7‒57). The incidence of TB in the general population is a major predictor of a higher frequency of occurrence in BMT recipients. Moreover, allogeneic transplantation, graft‒versus‒host disease, and total body irradiation were found to be risk factors associated with TB. Among the 48 cases in whom the time of manifestation were reported, only one case manifested during the neutropenic period (day 11). On the other hand, 11 cases (23%) manifest after engraftment but before day 100, and 36 (75%) manifest after day 100. The most important aspect towards making the diagnosis is a high index of suspicion, as TB occurred in relatively low frequencies especially in developed countries, and the clinical patterns usually mimic other more common infectious and non‒infectious complications after BMT. As the incidence of drug resistant TB is increasing, we prefer to treat our patients for at least one year (as compared with six months in immunocompetent hosts) with four drugs in the first six months and two or three drugs for another six months. In those patients who could not tolerate oral medication, we used an intravenous regimen of rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin until oral therapy could be instituted. The absence of relapse after termination of treatment in our patients suggested that secondary prophylaxis would not be necessary as long as immune function has been restored. With the rising incidence of TB in countries that previously enjoyed a very low prevalence of TB, attributed to the growing population of HIV‒infected subjects with TB, and the changing patterns of population migration, it is important to bear a high index of suspicion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a pathogen in BMT recipients. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat transfer for flow boiling of water and critical heat flux in a half‐heated round tube under low‐pressure conditions
Authors: Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Mishima Kaichiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeat transfer for flow boiling of water and critical heat flux (CHF) experiments in a half‐circumferentially heated round tube under low‐pressure conditions were carried out. To clarify the flow patterns in the heated section, experiments in the round tube under the same conditions were also carried out, and their results were compared. The experiments were conducted with atmospheric‐pressure water in test sections with inner diameter D = 6 mm, heated length L = 360 mm, inlet water subcooling ΔTin = 80 K, and mass velocity G from 0 to 2000 kg/(m2·s) for the half‐circumferentially heated round tube and from 0 to 7000 kg/(m2·s) for the full‐circumferentially heated tube. The experimental data demonstrated that the wall temperature near the outlet of the half‐circumferentially heated tube remained almost the same until CHF. It was found that burnout occurred when the flow regime changed from churn flow to annular flow, and the liquid film on the heated wall dried out although liquid film on the unheated wall remained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(3): 149–164, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10022
Using numerical modelling to address hydrologic forest management issues in British Columbia
Authors: Alila Younes , Beckers Jos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper outlines how long‐term statistical–deterministic physically based hydrologic modelling utilizing data from experimental watersheds in British Columbia (BC) can be used to fill knowledge gaps related to forest management in the BC Forest Practices Code, and discusses data and modelling issues that need to be considered in this context. Developing hydrologic model applications for these experimental watersheds will further provide insight regarding priorities for future data collection and will also advance our understanding of capabilities and limitations of physically based hydrologic models in addressing watershed management concerns in BC. Experience and expertise obtained in this fashion is a prerequisite for successful use of these hydrologic models in evaluating site‐specific forest management issues at catchments with fewer data resources. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density‐dependent surface water–groundwater interaction and nutrient discharge in the Swan–Canning Estuary
Authors: Smith Anthony J. , Turner Jeffrey V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSalinity in the Swan–Canning Estuary, Western Australia, varies seasonally from freshwater conditions in winter up to the salinity of seawater in summer. Field observations show that the resulting seasonal density contrasts between the estuary and the adjacent fresh groundwater system are sufficient to drive mixed‐convection cells that give rise to circulation of river water in the aquifer. In this study, we examine the role of steady density‐driven convection as a mechanism that contributes to the exchange of dissolved nutrients, particularly ammonium, between the Swan–Canning Estuary and the local groundwater system. We present results from two‐dimensional (section) and three‐dimensional density‐coupled flow and mass transport modelling, in comparison with Glover's abrupt‐interface solution for saltwater intrusion. The modelling is focused on developing an understanding of the physical processes that influence the long‐term or mean convective behaviour of groundwater beneath the estuary. It is shown that the convective stability depends fundamentally on the interplay between two factors: (1) the downward destabilizing buoyancy effect of density contrasts between the estuary and aquifer; and (2) the upward stabilizing influence of regional groundwater discharge. The structure of convection cells beneath the estuary and recirculation rates of estuary water within the groundwater system are shown to be related to a flow‐modified Rayleigh number that depends critically on the aquifer anisotropy and estuary meander pattern. The recirculation of estuary water by these mechanisms is responsible for transport of high concentrations of ammonium, observed in pore fluids in the estuary bed sediments, into groundwater and its eventual return to the estuary. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and downstream effectors in human breast cancer
Authors: Salh Baljinder , Marotta Anthony , Wagey Ravenska , Sayed Mohamed , Pelech Steven 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) is a growth factor‐activated transforming lipid (and protein) kinase, involved in cell motility and invasion, that has multiple effectors. Relatively little is known about its expression and enzymatic activity in human breast cancer. Since growth factor receptors are amplified in breast cancer, and the tumor suppressor PTEN may be mutated in human breast cancer, it was hypothesized that PI3‐K and its downstream effectors would be activated in this disease. In 11 resected tumors analyzed for expression of this kinase, a mean 3‐fold increase in protein expression was observed over the corresponding adjacent control tissue. Using an in vitro lipid kinase assay of the immunoprecipitated PI3‐K protein, a greater than 2‐fold increase in activation was observed. These changes were observed in the absence of an activation of either protein kinase B (PKB, akt1) or p70 S6 kinase (p70 S6K). However, p21‐activated kinase (Pak), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK 2) were all overexpressed and demonstrated increased enzyme activity. It may be concluded that aberrant mitogenic signaling in human breast cancer in vivo involves Pak, p38 MAPK and MAPKAPK2 downstream of PI3‐K, but neither of PKB or p70 S6K. It is proposed that this pathway may serve as a useful targeting nexus for investigation of small molecule inhibitors in human breast cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food‐derived polyphenols inhibit pancreatic cancer growth through mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptosis
Authors: Mouria Michelle , Gukovskaya Anna S. , Jung Yoon , Buechler Peter , Hines Oscar J. , Reber Howard A. , Pandol Stephen J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that food‐derived polyphenols have a beneficial effect for cancers. Our purpose was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of these compounds on pancreatic cancer. We measured effects of quercetin on pancreatic cancer in a nude mouse model. We also investigated the effects of quercetin, rutin, trans‐resveratrol and genistein on apoptosis and underlying signaling in pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro. Quercetin decreased primary tumor growth, increased apoptosis and prevented metastasis in a model of pancreatic cancer. In vitro quercetin and trans‐resveratrol, but not rutin, markedly enhanced apoptosis, causing mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release followed by caspase‐3 activation. In addition, the effect of a combination of quercetin and trans‐resveratrol on mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase‐3 activity was greater than the expected additive response. The inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition prevented cytochrome c release, caspase‐3 activation and apoptosis caused by polyphenols. Nuclear factor‐κB activity was inhibited by quercetin and trans‐resveratrol, but not genistein, indicating that this transcription factor is not the only mediator of the polyphenols' effects on apoptosis. The results suggest that food‐derived polyphenols inhibit pancreatic cancer growth and prevent metastasis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in cytochrome c release, caspase activation and apoptosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic accuracy of stereotactic large‐core needle biopsy for nonpalpable breast disease: Results of a multicenter prospective study with 95% surgical confirmation
Authors: Verkooijen Helena M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStereotactic large‐core needle biopsy is increasingly applied for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast disease. Our study examines whether this minimally invasive technique is sufficiently accurate to replace surgical breast biopsy. In a prospective multicenter study, 973 consecutive women with 1,029 nonpalpable breast lesions were offered stereotactic 14‐gauge needle biopsy. If the needle biopsy yielded breast cancer, the patient was offered therapeutic surgery. Surgical biopsy was proposed in cases of needle biopsies without malignancy. An expert panel reviewed all discrepancies in histologic diagnosis between the needle biopsy and open biopsy. Forty‐five patients withdrew from participation and 113 (11%) planned needle biopsy procedures were cancelled. Of the 871 successful biopsy procedures, 95% were confirmed surgically. In 13 cases (1.5%), insufficient material was obtained for histologic assessment. Fifty‐five percent of the needle biopsies were diagnosed as malignant (290 invasive cancers, 190 ductal carcinoma in situ). Thirteen of the 322 lesions (4%, 95% CI 2–7%) with a benign needle biopsy diagnosis contained malignancy after surgery. Six of the 26 (23%, 95% CI 9–44%) lesions with a high‐risk diagnosis (atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ) were diagnosed as malignant after surgery. Five of the 30 lesions containing normal breast tissue held malignancy (17%, 95% CI 6–35%). Guidelines for the management of different categories of needle biopsy diagnoses were made. Application of these guidelines to the present findings resulted in sensitivity and specificity rates of 97% (95% CI 95–98%) and 99% (95% CI 97–100%), respectively. Stereotactic large‐core needle biopsy is an accurate diagnostic instrument for nonpalpable breast disease. It may safely replace needle localised open‐breast biopsy provided that high‐risk and normal breast tissue diagnoses are followed by needle or open‐breast biopsy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A validity and reliability study of assessment and screening for sustained withdrawal reaction in infancy: The Alarm Distress Baby scale
Authors: Guedeney Antoine , Fermanian Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSustained withdrawal behavior in infancy is an important alarm signal to draw attention to both organic and relationship disorders. A withdrawal scale, the Alarm Distress Baby scale (ADBB), for infants between 2 and 24 months of age was built. This article describes the construction of the scale and the assessment of its psychometric properties. The ADBB has good content validity, based on the advice of seven experts. The scale has good criterion validity: first, as a measure of the infant's withdrawal reaction, with a very good correlation between nurse and pediatrician on the ADBB (rs = 0.84), and second, as a screening procedure for detecting the developmental risk of the infant. The cutoff score of 5 with a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.78 was determined to be optimal for screening purposes. The scale has good construct validity, with good convergent validity with both the Spitz (1951) and the Herzog & Rathbun (1982) lists of symptoms of infant depression (rs = 0.61 and 0.60, respectively). Exploratory factor analysis showed two different factors, consistent with the scale's construct. Reliability was satisfactory with good internal consistency for both subscales (the Cronbach α = 0.80 for the first subscale and 0.79 for the second) and for the global scale (α = 0.83). The test‐retest procedure showed good stability over time (rs = 0.90 and 0.84 for the two different raters). The scale could be used in different clinical settings, provided a sufficient level of social stimulation is given to the infant in a relatively brief period of time. The scale can be used by nurses and psychologists or by medical doctors after a short period of training.

© 2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Decision‐making capabilities of a hybrid system applied to the auditor's going‐concern assessment
Authors: Lenard Mary Jane , Alam Pervaiz , Booth David , Madey Gregory 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate a hybrid system as a decision support model to assist with the auditor's going‐concern assessment. The going‐concern assessment is often an unstructured decision that involves the use of both qualitative and quantitative information. An expert system that predicts the going‐concern decision has been developed in consultation with partners at three of the Big Five accounting firms. This system is combined with a statistical model that predicts bankruptcy, as a component of the auditor's decision, to form a hybrid system. The hybrid system, because it combines the use of quantitative and qualitative information, has the potential for better prediction accuracy than either the expert system or statistical model predicting separately. In addition, testing of the system provides some insight into the characteristics of firms that experience problems, but do not necessarily receive a going‐concern modification. Further investigation into those firms that have problems could reveal factors that may be incorporated into decision support systems for auditors, in order to improve accuracy and reliability of these decision tools. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster analysis using a validated self‐organizing method: cases of problem identification
Authors: Wang Shouhong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKohonen's self‐organizing feature maps (SOFM) are commonly used in cluster analysis for problem solving. However, given a set of sample data, the cluster analysis results obtained by using the standard SOFM method can vary depending on the setting of the parameters of the SOFM. To validate the cluster analysis results, information in addition to the data for the SOFM is required. This paper reports practical cases of cluster analysis using SOFM in conjunction with a measure of validation. In these cases, multivariate data of survey were used to identify problems through validated SOFM cluster analyses. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The demand for M3 in the euro area
Authors: Coenen G. , Vega J.‐L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, an empirically stable money demand model for M3 in the euro area is constructed. Starting with a multivariate system, three cointegrating relationships with economic content are found: (i) the spread between the long‐term and the short‐term nominal interest rates, (ii) the long‐term real interest rate, and (iii) a long‐run demand for broad money M3. There is evidence that the determinants of M3 money demand are weakly exogenous with respect to the long‐run parameters. Hence, following a general‐to‐specific modelling approach, a parsimonious conditional error‐correction model for M3 money demand is derived which can be interpreted economically. For the conditional model, long‐run and short‐run parameter stability is extensively tested and not rejected. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.