bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipating the chemical compositions of organisms across the tree of life
Authors: Visani Marco 
Published: November 2023

This study is centered on Natural Products (NPs) - specific chemicals synthesized by living organisms. These NPs hold significant importance in various domains, notably medicine, agriculture, and ecology. A primary resource for our research is the LOTUS database, which catalogues a vast array of NPs and their occurrence. Yet, a gap exists: there are no existing model to predict the occurrence of these NPs across different species.
In our initial strategy, the occurrence of natural products was viewed as a collection of observations and their associated variables. Although simple, this strategy immediately showed its limits when dealing with the complex nature of NPs. We switched to an advanced graph-based method after seeing the necessity for a more thorough strategy to accurately represent the intricate interactions governing NPs expression. When considering species in a phylogeny or molecular pathways, the graph-based method perceives data as a network of connected entities, offering a far more logical and natural way of thinking. By employing this better methodology, we have developed a more effective approach for investigating the intricate world of Natural Products. We hope that this strategy will open up new research directions and possibly result in ground-breaking NP-related findings.
Postface. Penser l’expérience révolutionnaire et la prison
Authors: Bataillon Gilles 
Published: November 2023

Comment ont été reçus les témoignages des survivantes des prisons militaires argentines ? Comment raconter ses années de militantisme révolutionnaire puis de prison quand s’est installé un climat de suspicion à l’encontre de celles qui eurent la chance de ne pas être assassinées comme des milliers de disparus des deux sexes ? C’est toute la finesse du travail d’introspection d’Isabel Toro que de ne pas se dérober devant la difficulté de telles interrogations quand on retrace son expérience de ces années. Comment raconter et penser les points saillants d’une telle expérience. De quelle façon les met-on en lumière en restituant au plus près possible les moments de certitudes comme ceux ou s’insinue le doute et surgissent les questions sur le sens d’un engagement ?
Racialisation et action publique : les intermédiaires entre appropriation et contestation des catégories ethniques et raciales
Authors: Buu-Sao Doris , Léobal Clémence 
Published: November 2023

Comment visibiliser le rôle des institutions étatiques, y compris quand elles sont républicaines et color-blind , dans la production des catégorisations raciales ? Comment rendre compte des capacités créatrices voire contestatrices des personnes et groupes minorisé·es dans ces processus ? Dans cette introduction de dossier, nous déplions les liens entre action publique et racialisation : nous nous appuyons sur des définitions constructivistes des concepts de racialisation et de racisme institutionnel, qui allient l’analyse des structures discursives du racisme avec celle de leurs reformulations constantes, en situation, lors des interactions entre personnes minorisées et issu.es des majorités. Puis nous proposons une revue de littérature de travaux francophones qui ont abordé la question raciale en sociologie de l’action publique. Beaucoup de ces auteur·rices mobilisent la notion de discrimination et proposent une démonstration statistique. Nous nous référons ici plutôt à la racialisation comme un processus de catégorisation façonné par des rapports de pouvoir entre majorité et minorités, qu’il contribue à transformer en retour. Notre approche est étayée par l’ethnographie. Nous avons choisi un positionnement particulier pour ce dossier, auprès d’intermédiaires entre l’État et les publics minorisés racialement. Ce choix permet d’ouvrir le regard sur les capacités des personnes minorisées à co-produire, reformuler ou contester l’ordre social raciste.
Donner la parole aux immigré.es
Authors: Quercia Francesca 
Published: November 2023

Depuis une trentaine d’années, avec la redéfinition des politiques culturelles et urbaines, les artistes se voient assigner des missions sociales : renforcer le « lien social », contribuer au décloisonnement des quartiers et à l’intégration des immigré.es. Ce processus touche de nombreux pays européens parmi lesquels l’Italie. Financées dans le cadre de programmes de rénovation urbaine, de nombreuses associations de théâtre ont ainsi investi les quartiers populaires. Elles y proposent des projets avec les populations immigrées, en affichant non seulement un objectif d’« intégration », mais aussi d’empowerment des participant.es. Basé sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée au sein d’une association de théâtre à Turin, cet article met en lumière la façon dont sa metteuse en scène réussit à se forger un rôle professionnel reconnu, en s’autodésignant en tant qu’intermédiaire entre les immigré.es et la société italienne. Si elle affiche un objectif d’émancipation de ces populations, elle se confronte ensuite à de nombreuses contradictions lors de la mise en œuvre des projets. Malgré ses croyances antiracistes, elle finit par contribuer à la minorisation des immigré.es. Basé sur une triple dynamique – de « racialisation », d’« ethnicisation » et de « culturalisation » –, ce processus assigne les minorisé.es à une altérité radicale, sur laquelle ils/elles ont peu de prise.
Fabriquer les « autochtones » que l’on voudrait préserver
Authors: Inda Daniele 
Published: November 2023

Depuis les années 1970, à la suite de contestations de sa politique indigéniste jugée assimilationniste, l’État mexicain a déployé des politiques dites de « sauvegarde culturelle », qui visent la préservation des langues et des « cultures » amérindiennes. Cet article montre que ces politiques ont contribué à l’ethnicisation de certaines fractions des populations identifiées comme autochtones. La démonstration porte sur le cas des instituteurs de langue huichol du Nayarit, dans l’Ouest du pays. Au moment de leur recrutement, ces derniers avaient un style de vie proche de celui des habitants des zones urbaines, ainsi qu’une connaissance très limitée de la langue et des « traditions huichols ». Au cours de leur socialisation professionnelle, cependant, ils ont acquis des compétences et des dispositions qui les ont progressivement rapprochés de l’ image sociale de « l’indien authentique ». La portée de ces évolutions est telle que, de nos jours, ces fonctionnaires peuvent être perçus comme « plus autochtones » que les membres des autres fractions de la population de langue huichol. Il en résulte que les politiques de « sauvegarde culturelle » ont contribué à produire des « autochtones » dont le mode de vie correspond à celui qu’elles visent à « préserver ».
Face au racisme environnemental
Authors: Buu-Sao Doris 
Published: November 2023

Cet article porte sur l’ethnicisation des luttes environnementales face aux politiques extractives au Pérou. Si la revendication d’une identité « indigène » dans ces mobilisations est bien connue, elle est rarement vue comme étant contrainte par les pouvoirs publics et les catégories dominantes de l’ethnicité qui en résultent. Par ailleurs, les processus d’ethnicisation ne doivent pas occulter les clivages internes aux groupes mobilisés. L’ethnographie des abords du plus ancien lot pétrolier de l’Amazonie péruvienne permet de saisir l’ambivalente influence de la racialisation de l’action publique sur les processus de mobilisation. L’article replace d’abord le développement de l’industrie pétrolière dans l’histoire régionale, simultanément marquée par des politiques extractives et par la racialisation d’une partie de sa population – dès lors confrontée au « racisme environnemental » dans la mesure où, en tant que minorisée, elle est particulièrement exposée à la toxicité de l’industrie pétrolière. L’article revient ensuite sur la construction, dans les mobilisations, d’une image sociale ethnique unifiée et sur la trajectoire de leaders disposé·es à s’approprier la catégorie d’« indigène » dans une perspective contestataire. Il étudie finalement, depuis l’espace villageois, la pluralité d’appartenances sociales et le processus d’ethnicisation des divergences ; celui-ci est propice à l’émergence de porte-parole en concurrence avec les leaders contestataires pour la représentation des populations locales face aux politiques extractives.
Quelques réflexions sur l’humour dans Penja els guants, Butxana (1985) de Ferran Torrent
Authors: Massip i Graupera Estrella 
Published: November 2023

Cet article amorce quelques pistes de réflexion sur le fait humoristique dans Penja els guants, Butxana (1985) de Ferran Torrent : le dispositif communicationnel et énonciatif dans lequel il apparaît, la thématique sur laquelle il porte, les procédés langagiers (linguistiques et discursifs) qui le mettent en œuvre.
Reflexos da Reforma Trabalhista na mitigação das judicializações e no desempenho dos tribunais
Authors: Marques Silva Emmanuel , Aline de Souza Nayara , Maria Beuren Ilse 
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Neste estudo investigam-se os reflexos da reforma trabalhista de 2017 na mitigação das judicializações trabalhistas e no desempenho dos tribunais do trabalho, além de verificar com ineditismo, seus efeitos na geração de empregos formais e na movimentação da economia, considerando regiões e setores econômicos.
Método: Pesquisa documental foi realizada em fontes governamentais e aos dados aplicou-se análise qualitativa comparativa de série temporal entre os anos de 2015 e 2020.
Originalidade: A análise reflexos da reforma trabalhista de 2017 no desempenho dos tribunais do trabalho mostra-se original, pois não foram encontrados trabalhos que analisassem os resultados da nova legislação no desempenho do judiciário trabalhista. Assim, tem o ineditismo de apresentar os reflexos da reforma na eficiência pública e na dinâmica processual, considerando regiões e setores econômicos.
Resultados: Os resultados mostram que, em geral, houve efeitos positivos na redução do número de processos trabalhistas no período pós reforma, mas há evidências para acreditar que no curto prazo não houve melhora nos índices de desempenho dos tribunais do trabalho. Além disso, os resultados não denotam efeitos significativos do rigor da legislação laboral na geração de empregos formais no curto prazo e na movimentação da economia.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: O estudo contribui com a literatura que investiga a relação entre mudanças nas legislações e suas inter-relações com a eficiência pública, ao mesmo tempo que apresenta implicações para a prática gerencial do judiciário brasileiro, na medida em que incrementa evidências empíricas sobre a temática investigada.
Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis Masquerading as Depression: A Case Report From a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Serrao Shawn , Chandran Suhas , Kamath Avinash , Sarma Gosala R K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Autoimmune disorders are now widely recognized as playing a larger role in encephalitis than previously thought. The most common disorder appears to be anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Psychological symptoms, memory difficulties, and autonomic instability are all part of the complicated presentation and are being considered an important differential diagnosis for children presenting with acute behavioral disturbances. We present the case of a 17-year-old girl, who presented with a 1.5-year history of psychiatric symptoms such as pervasive low mood, decreased ability to concentrate on her studies, academic decline, memory disturbances along with poor social interaction, decreased self-esteem, and ideas of guilt. This was accompanied by altered biological functions. Within a week, the symptoms changed dramatically, with labile mood, over familiarity, over identification, déjà vu, auditory hallucinations and anxiety symptoms, nonspecific somatic symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and neurological symptoms including seizures and dyskinesia. Diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis was made by electroencephalography and serum antibody testing. Symptom improvement was noted with five cycles of plasmapheresis and injection of rituximab. Psychiatric manifestations are common, and child and adolescent psychiatrists are frequently the first to be contacted for patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. There is, therefore, an increasing need for them to become aware of the disorder and consider it in their differential diagnosis. A better prognosis can be achieved with appropriate evaluation by a multi-disciplinary team.
A Pilot Study on Comparison of Intelligence in Children with Autism and Controls: Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Wechsler Intelligence Scale-III
Authors: Priyanka Pramod Jog , Shelke Swati Balkrishna , Chepure Ashish Hanmantrao , Subramanyam Alka Anand , Somaiya Mansi , Rathi Surabhi , Kondekar Alpana Santosh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Intelligence in children with autism has been a challenge for long. Previous studies have reported an uneven performance on intelligence tests. Better performance on Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) as compared to Wechsler’s intelligence scale for children III (WISC-III) has been found in some studies. RPM is quick and easy to administer. Hence, there is a need to understand if RPM is a comparable test to tap the intelligence in children with autism.

Aims and Objectives:
To find the percentile intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of children with autism and neurotypical children using RPM and WISC III and to compare the performance of these two groups on IQ tests.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study including 15 children with autism and normal (neurotypical) children was done after institutional ethics committee approval. The subjects were subjected to WISC-III and RPM.

Results:
The study shows that neurotypical children perform better on intelligence tests than children with autism. Both tests can be used to measure intelligence in children with autism fairly owing to their correlation. However, RPM showed better scores than WISC-III, for children with autism.

Conclusions:
RPM can be used as an alternative and an even better test to measure intelligence in children with autism just as the standard WISC-III. Further studies in a larger population of children with autism are warranted to validate our findings.
Preparing for Medical School Selection: Exploring the Complexity of Disadvantage through Applicant Narratives
Authors: Jackson Dawn , Greenfield Sheila , Parry Jayne , Agwu Juliana Chizo , Spruce Austen , Seyan Gurdeep , Whalley Nicole 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:Despite a growing drive to improve diversity in medical schools, those from state schools and less-advantaged sociodemographic backgrounds remain underrepresented. We explore applicants’ approaches to preparing for medical school selection, considering the complexity of sociodemographic disadvantage in this highly competitive process.Methods:Narrative interviews were undertaken with applicants to a United Kingdom medical school, exploring experiences of preparation for selection (n= 23). Participants were purposively sampled based on involvement in widening participation schemes, school background, gender, and ethnicity. Transcribed data were analyzed using Labov and Waletzky’s analytic framework. Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural capital and habitus provided a lens to constraints faced and variable experiences. This informed a consideration of the ways applicants approached and navigated their preparation, in the face of various constraints.Results:Constraints to resources and support were often apparent for those from state nonselective (SNS) schools. These applicants and those beginning their preparation later (12–18 months before application) appeared particularly vulnerable to myths and misunderstandings about the application process and appeared less confident and less discerning in their navigation of preparation. Some of the applicants, particularly those from independent and state selective schools, appeared confident and competent in navigating the complexities of the application process, while others (often from SNS schools) were more frequently lost or stressed by the process.Discussion:Those who lack particular preparatory tools or resources (materially, culturally, or perceptually) must “make do” as they prepare for medical school selection, In doing so, they may risk a haphazard, ill-informed or ill-equipped approach. Constraints to opportunities, more typically experienced by those from SNS schools, appeared to motivate the process of bricolage for a number of the applicants. Perversely, medical schools have introduced nonacademic requirements to level the playing field of disadvantage, yet applicants in this group appear to experience challenges as they prepare for selection.
Role of serum uric acid in acute myocardial infarction as a prognostic marker, in a tertiary care center of South-Eastern Rajasthan
Authors: Rathore Ashok , Tank Laxmikant , Gupta Deepak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and myocardial cell death is associated with increased uric acid production. Therefore, in the underlying tissue death, the increased uric acid level can be used as a prognostic marker in MI, concerning Killip’s classification.

Materials and Methods:
Our study included 100 diagnosed cases of acute MI with 100 controls admitted to SRG Hospital, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India. A meticulous clinical history and physical examination with special reference to the Killip class were carried out. All the routine investigations, including complete blood count, renal function test, liver function test, electrocardiogram, cardiac markers, and chest X-ray, were done on admission. Serum uric acid levels were measured on days 0, 3, and 7 of MI. Hyperuricemia is labeled in our study for males >7 mg/dL and females >5 mg/dL.

Results:
Our study included 63 males and 37 females as cases. On admission, we found statistically significant elevated levels of uric acid in patients with acute MI compared with controls. The higher Killip class patients had higher uric acid levels on days 0, 3, and 7, irrespective of their sex and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. During our study, four patients died within 5 days of admission and had higher serum uric acid levels, that is, >7 mg/dL, and all of them were included in Killip class IV, irrespective of sex.

Conclusion:
Patients of acute MI with higher Killip class had elevated serum uric acid levels. The serum uric acid levels correlate with the Killip class and are an evident predictor of mortality and morbidity after acute MI.
Assessment of food quality and safety among Nigerian school children
Authors: Sodimu Jeminat Omotade , Okafor Ngozi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nutrition is of vital importance in the physical, emotional, and intellectual development of children, for retarded academic performance is not the only risk of lack of good food; various health risks that may deform the body system or result in sickness or death are also, not unconnected to consumption of foods devoid of quality and safety. This article aims to assess the food quality and safety among Nigerian school children. A review of related online free-full articles written in the English language published from 2018 to 2022 was done. A consequent title and abstract review of articles published on food quality and safety, and over 1056 published studies identified, they were visualized, profiled, cleansed, prepared, analyzed, and summarized, of which 36 most relevant articles met the inclusion criteria and were utilized for the review. This study found that providing high-quality and safe foods to children is key to achieving sustainable development goals by 2030, and it is in this quest that tremendous educational and health benefits. We also found that the foods served or sold to children in schools are sometimes of low quality and unsafe to satisfy learners’ esthetic or nutritional needs, which have grave consequences for their physical growth, health status, and academic development. In conclusion, there is a need to train and monitor food handlers on food quality and safety in schools in Nigeria.
Should zinc deficiency be tested and treated in CKD patients? Experience from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bawa Saurabh , Kumar Satish , Verma Balbir S , Kumar Asheesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Hypozincemia is common in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease treated with peritoneal and hemodialysis. Several factors may contribute to and explain zinc deficiency associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We planned this study to see the prevalence of zinc deficiency in these patients and whether it is justified to test and treat it.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional, observational study. Study participants were patients diagnosed with CKD on maintenance hemodialysis. All patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination per predesigned performance. Serum zinc levels, along with serum iron studies, were sent. Patients with serum zinc concentrations of less than 80 μg/dL were diagnosed to have hypozincemia. The relation between hypozincemia and hematological parameters was studied. The data collected were entered into the MS Excel master sheet and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 112 patients aged 18 years and above, diagnosed with CKD and on maintenance hemodialysis, were selected for the study. The mean age of the study population was 51.0 ± 14.9 years. Approximately two-thirds (71 patients, 63.4%) of the study participants were males. All patients in the present study were anemic, with a mean hemoglobin level of 7.4 ± 1.2 g/dL. The prevalence of hypozincemia was observed to be 83.0% (93 of 112 patients). There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of anemia, serum iron and ferritin levels, serum urea/creatinine, and hypozincemia.

Conclusion:
Despite the high prevalence of hypozincemia in our study (83%), there was no relationship between hypozincemia and other hematological parameters; therefore, routine testing and treatment for zinc deficiency in CKD patients are not advisable.