bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jurisdictional decision-making about building codes for resiliency and sustainability post-fire
Authors: Ellery Megan , Javernick-Will Amy , Liel Abbie , Dickinson Katherine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The increasing frequency and size of wildfires across the U.S. motivates the growing need to identify how affected communities can rebuild sustainably and resiliently. This study examines the jurisdictional decision-making process surrounding one important class of sustainability and resiliency decisions, focusing on energy and wildfire building codes for housing reconstruction. Through 22 interviews with staff and elected officials in three jurisdictions impacted by Colorado’s Marshall Fire, we identify factors influencing decisions. Code decisions varied across jurisdictions and, in some cases, building codes were relaxed, while in other cases, increased resiliency and sustainability standards were adopted after the fire. Jurisdictions with more experience had more certainty regarding code costs and effectiveness, leading to more stringent code adoption. Thus, findings encourage jurisdictions to create rebuilding plans pre-disaster to reduce the impact of uncertainty in post-disaster decision-making. The data also indicate that while local jurisdictions are well-suited to work cooperatively with homeowners impacted by disasters to return to the community, the state can play a role by informing or mandating disaster plans or establishing minimum code requirements.
Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Evaluation Study (THESEUS): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ingram John R , Bates Janine , Cannings-John Rebecca , Collier Fiona , Evans Judith , Gibbons Angela , Harris Ceri , Howells Laura , Hood Kerenza , Howes Rachel , Leighton Paul , Riaz Muhammad , Rodrigues Jeremy , Stanton Helen , Thomas Kim S , Thomas-Jones Emma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful disease affecting flexures and other skin regions, producing nodules, abscesses and skin tunnels. Laser treatment targeting hair follicles and deroofing of skin tunnels are standard HS interventions in some countries but are rarely offered in the UK.

Objectives
To describe current UK HS management pathways and influencing factors to inform the design of future randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
THESEUS was a nonrandomized 12-month prospective cohort study set in 10 UK hospitals offering five interventions: oral doxycycline 200 mg daily; oral clindamycin and rifampicin both 300 mg twice daily for 10 weeks, extended for longer in some cases; laser treatment targeting hair follicles; deroofing; and conventional surgery. The primary outcome was the combination of clinician-assessed eligibility and participant hypothetical willingness to receive each intervention. The secondary outcomes were the proportion of participants selecting each intervention as their final treatment option; the proportion who switch treatments; treatment fidelity; and attrition rates. THESEUS was prospectively registered on the ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN69985145.

Results
The recruitment target of 150 participants was met after 18 months, in July 2021, with two pauses due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline demographics reflected the HS secondary care population: average age 36 years, 81% female, 20% non-White, 64% current or ex-smokers, 86% body mass index ≥ 25, 68% with moderate disease, 19% with severe disease and 13% with mild disease. Laser was the intervention with the highest proportion (69%) of participants eligible and willing to receive treatment, then deroofing (58%), conventional surgery (54%), clindamycin and rifampicin (44%), and doxycycline (37%). Laser was ranked first choice by the greatest proportion of participants (41%). Attrition rates were 11% and 17% after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Concordance with doxycycline was 52% after 3 months due to lack of efficacy, participant choice and adverse effects. Delays with procedural interventions were common, with only 43% and 26% of participants starting laser and deroofing, respectively, after 3 months. Uptake of conventional surgery was too small to characterize the intervention. Switching treatment was uncommon and there were no serious adverse events.

Conclusions
THESEUS has established laser treatment and deroofing for HS in the UK and demonstrated their popularity with patients and clinicians for future RCTs.
The Effect of Social Media on Elections: Evidence from The United States
Authors: Fujiwara Thomas , Müller Karsten , Schwarz Carlo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study how social media affects election outcomes in the United States. We use variation in the number of Twitter users across counties induced by early adopters at the 2007 South by Southwest festival, a key event in Twitter’s rise to popularity. We show that this variation is unrelated to observable county characteristics and electoral outcomes before the launch of Twitter. Our results indicate that Twitter lowered the Republican vote share in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections, but had limited effects on Congressional elections and previous presidential elections. Evidence from survey data, primary elections, and text analysis of millions of tweets suggests that Twitter’s relatively liberal content may have persuaded voters with moderate views to vote against Donald Trump.
Photoactivation of pheophorbide-a utilizing 670 nm LEDs elicits cancer suppressive effects in androgen-independent prostate cancer cellular models
Authors: Gheewala Taher , Ali Hussein Mohamed , Munirathinam Gnanasekar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the USA. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a state-of-the-art treatment that combines high selectivity with minor side effects. Pheophorbide-a (Pheo) is a natural pigment with a photosensitizer property. Our study delved into the impact of Pheo alone or Pheo-PDT combination on the androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer (AIPC) cell lines DU-145 and C4-2. Furthermore, an in-depth examination has been conducted on the photocytotoxicity mechanism of Pheo-PDT in these specific cell lines.

Methods
In vitro studies were conducted using the AIPC cell lines. DU-145 and C4-2 cells were treated with Pheo at different concentrations for 60 min alone, or Pheo treatment followed by exposure to 670 nm illumination (60 mW/cm2 in 88 s pulses), producing 5 J/cm2 via portable light-emitting diode.

Key findings
Our results show that Pheo-PDT substantially inhibits cell viability, anchorage-independent growth, and migration capacities and induces autophagy and apoptosis via the over-production of reactive oxygen species that mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress in AIPC cell lines.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the potential benefits of Pheo-PDT in metastatic hormone-insensitive PCa cell lines. It paves the way for treating localized and locally advanced PCa as a possible candidate for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Fast radio bursts trigger aftershocks resembling earthquakes, but not solar flares
Authors: Totani Tomonori , Tsuzuki Yuya 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The production mechanism of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) is still a mystery, and correlations between burst occurrence times and energies may provide important clues to elucidate it. While time correlation studies of FRBs have been mainly performed using wait time distributions, here we report the results of a correlation function analysis of repeating FRBs in the 2D space of time and energy. We analyse nearly 7,000 bursts reported in the literature for the three most active sources of FRB 20121102A, 20201124A, and 20220912A, and find the following characteristics that are universal in the three sources. A clear power-law signal of the correlation function is seen, extending to the typical burst duration (∼ 10 msec) towards shorter time intervals (Δt). The correlation function indicates that every single burst has about a 10–60 per cent chance of producing an aftershock at a rate decaying by a power law as ∝ (Δt)−p with p = 1.5–2.5, like the Omori–Utsu law of earthquakes. The correlated aftershock rate is stable regardless of source activity changes, and there is no correlation between emitted energy and Δt. We demonstrate that all these properties are quantitatively common to earthquakes, but different from solar flares in many aspects, by applying the same analysis method for the data on these phenomena. These results suggest that repeater FRBs are a phenomenon in which energy stored in rigid neutron star crusts is released by seismic activity. This may provide a new opportunity for future studies to explore the physical properties of the neutron star crust.
Simulating supermassive black hole mass measurements for a sample of ultramassive galaxies using ELT/HARMONI high-spatial-resolution integral-field stellar kinematics
Authors: Nguyen Dieu D , Cappellari Michele , Pereira-Santaella Miguel 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
As the earliest relics of star formation episodes of the Universe, the most massive galaxies are the key to our understanding of the stellar population, cosmic structure, and supermassive black hole (SMBH) evolution. However, the details of their formation histories remain uncertain. We address these problems by planning a large survey sample of 101 ultramassive galaxies (z ≤ 0.3, |δ + 24°| &lt; 45°, |b| &gt; 8°), including 76 per cent ellipticals, 17 per cent lenticulars, and 7 per cent spirals brighter than MK ≤ −27 mag (stellar mass 2 × 1012 ≲ M⋆ ≲ 5 × 1012 M⊙) with ELT/HARMONI. Our sample comprises diverse galaxy environments ranging from isolated to dense-cluster galaxies. The primary goals of the project are to (1) explore the stellar dynamics inside galaxy nuclei and weigh SMBHs, (2) constrain the black hole scaling relations at the highest mass, and (3) probe the late-time assembly of these most massive galaxies through the stellar population and kinematical gradients. We describe the survey, discuss the distinct demographics and environmental properties of the sample, and simulate their HARMONI Iz-, Iz + J-, and H + K-band observations by combining the inferred stellar-mass models from Pan-STARRS observations, an assumed synthetic spectrum of stars, and SMBHs with masses estimated based on different black hole scaling relations. Our simulations produce excellent state-of-the-art integral field spectrography and stellar kinematics (ΔVrms ≲ 1.5 per cent) in a relatively short exposure time. We use these stellar kinematics in combination with the Jeans anisotropic model to reconstruct the SMBH mass and its error using a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Thus, these simulations and modellings can be benchmarks to evaluate the instrument models and pipelines dedicated to HARMONI to exploit the unprecedented capabilities of ELT.
Microbiological contamination present in enteral tube feeding prepared in hospitals and/or at home: a systematic review
Authors: Kozow Julia Fernanda Costa , Rabito Estela Iraci , Kruger Jenifer Faria , Medeiros Caroline Opolski , da Costa Rayane Luizi , Beux Márcia Regina , Stangarlin-Fiori Lize 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
The safety of enteral formulas is important to restore and maintain the health of patients.

Objective
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess the microbiological contamination present in enteral tube feeding prepared in hospitals and/or at home.

Data sources
A systematic search was conducted of the Medline, Scopus, BVS, CAPES/MEC, Embase, Science Direct, and SciELO databases and gray literature.

Data extraction
Eligible studies that analyzed the contamination of enteral formulas manipulated in hospitals and/or at home were selected; a quality assessment tool was used.

Data analysis
Twenty-three studies evaluated 1099 enteral formulations. Of these, 44.67% of enteral formulas (n = 491) exceeded the acceptable bacterial count. Samples of homemade enteral formulation preparations (86.03%; n = 191) had the highest bacterial counts, followed by mixed preparations (79.72%; n = 59), and commercial formulas (30.01%; n = 241). The number of samples of enteral formulations that exceeded the bacterial count at home was 70.79% (n = 160 at the hospital was 37.91% (n = 331). Total coliforms (82.68%; n = 406) and mesophilic aerobes (79.22%; n = 389) were the most common microorganisms. Samples with bacterial pathogens were also identified, with Bacillus cereus (4.07%; n = 20) and Listeria monocytogenes (3.66%; n = 18) being the most prevalent.

Conclusions
A high number of samples of enteral formulations exceeded the bacterial count, but the risk to patient’s health when consuming enteral tube feeding prepared in hospitals or at home may be low. This is because the bacteria present in the samples are not considered potential causes of disease but rather indicators of hygiene conditions.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022367573.
Through the Lens of the Social Determinants of Learning™: Experiences of Online Prenursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jennings Leslie A. , Urban Regina W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prenursing students represent the future pipeline of nursing students, yet their perceptions of how COVID-19 affected their experience as prenursing students are unknown.

METHOD
Short-answer data (n = 289) in US prenursing students were collected in fall 2020. Deductive thematic analysis was applied according to the social determinants of learning (SDOL™) framework.

RESULTS
Participants verbalized fears of contracting COVID-19 (physical health) and difficulties with stress and anxiety (psychosocial health). Participants shared pandemic-related financial challenges (economic instability), changes in living situations (physical environment), and the lack of hoped-for social connections (social environment). Many struggled with focus; others confirmed their goals (self-motivation).

CONCLUSION
The SDOL framework can be utilized by educators to conceptualize the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences of online prenursing students and leveraged to develop targeted interventions to improve students’ well-being as they apply to nursing programs.
Does a Preoperative Mental Health Diagnosis Affect Pain Management in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Undergoing Surgery?
Authors: Bennett James T. , Chung Hoon , Artz Nicolas , Abraham Vivek M. , Andrews Albert , Wells Douglas , Cardelia Marc , St. Remy Carl 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are typically treated surgically with posterior spinal fusion (PSF) when the curve continues to progress beyond 45 to 50 degrees. In adult patients, studies have shown that preoperative psychiatric diagnoses are associated with poorer clinical outcomes after lumbar spine surgery. This study aims to address whether a preoperative mental health disorder affects outcomes in pediatric patients with AIS treated with PSF.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients with a history of AIS requiring operative treatment with PSF at a single center with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. These patients were split into 2 groups: a subset that had a mental health disorder (MHD), and a control group. The MHD subset included patients with anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, manic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and stress disorder. The 2 groups were compared using independent student t-test and χ2 analysis.

Results:
A total of 417 patients were included in the study. Ninety-three patients were included in the MHD group, and 324 patients were included in the control group. The mean pain score for the MHD group was greater (3.93) compared with the control group (3.34). The PCA demands during inpatient stay for the MHD group were also greater (236.7) compared with the control group (140.0). There was no significant difference in the length of stay in the hospital between the MHD group (4.7 days) and the control group (4.6 days). There was a greater number of patients in the MHD cohort (25.8%) still using narcotic pain medication at first follow-up compared with the control group (12.0%).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that patients with AIS with a preoperative mental health disorder undergoing PSF experience more pain after surgery and require more pain medication during their recovery.

Level of Evidence:
III. This is a retrospective review of pediatric patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and a preoperative mental health diagnosis and their pain management requirements during the recovery period from posterior spinal fusion.
A multicenter study of the clinicopathological characteristics and a risk prediction model of early-stage breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low expression
Authors: Xin Ling , Wu Qian , Zhan Chongming , Qin Hongyan , Xiang Hongyu , Gao Min , Duan Xuening , Liu Yinhua , Ye Jingming ,   Chinese Society of Breast Surgery (CSBrS),   Chinese Society of Surgery of Chinese Medical Association
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
In light of the significant clinical benefits of antibody-drug conjugates in clinical trials, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low category in breast cancers has gained increasing attention. Therefore, we studied the clinicopathological characteristics of Chinese patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-low early-stage breast cancer and developed a recurrence risk prediction model.

Methods:
Female patients with HR-positive/HER2-low early-stage breast cancer treated in 29 hospitals of the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery (CSBrS) from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016 were enrolled. Their clinicopathological data and prognostic information were collected, and machine learning methods were used to analyze the prognostic factors.

Results:
In total, 25,096 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer in 29 hospitals of CSBrS from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016, and clinicopathological data for 6486 patients with HER2-low early-stage breast cancer were collected. Among them, 5629 patients (86.79%) were HR-positive. The median follow-up time was 57 months (4, 76 months); the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 92.7%, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 97.7%. In total, 412 cases (7.31%) of metastasis were observed, and 124 (2.20%) patients died. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that T stage, N stage, lymphovascular thrombosis, Ki-67 index, and prognostic stage were associated with recurrence and metastasis (P <0.05). A recurrence risk prediction model was established using the random forest method and exhibited a sensitivity of 81.1%, specificity of 71.7%, positive predictive value of 74.1%, and negative predictive value of 79.2%.

Conclusion:
Most of patients with HER2-low early-stage breast cancer were HR-positive, and patients had favorable outcome; tumor N stage, lymphovascular thrombosis, Ki-67 index, and tumor prognostic stage were prognostic factors. The HR-positive/HER2-low early-stage breast cancer recurrence prediction model established based on the random forest method has a good reference value for predicting 5-year recurrence events.

Registritation:
ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2100046766
Treatment of Recurrent Low-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer With MEK Inhibitors
Authors: Kulkarni Anjali , Cooke Carly , Fazelzad Rouhi , Fung-Kee-Fung Michael , May Taymaa , Zigras Tiffany 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSC) represents 5% of all epithelial ovarian cancers. They are characterized by indolent growth and KRAS and BRAF mutations, differing from high-grade serous ovarian cancer both clinically and molecularly. LGSC has low response rates to traditional systemic therapies, including chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. The objective of this systematic review was to appraise the literature describing the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in the treatment of LGSC.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted of the following databases: Medline ALL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Sciences, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICFRP), and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials Number (ISRCTN) Registry. All studies investigating MEKi in the treatment of LGSC in the adjuvant or recurrent setting for patients 18 years of age or older were included. All titles/abstracts were then screened by 2 independent reviewers (A.K. and C.C.). The full-text articles were then screened. All disagreements were resolved by a third independent reviewer (T.Z.). Two independent reviewers (A.K. and C.C.) extracted data from the studies deemed eligible for final review.

Results:
A total of 2108 studies were identified in the initial search. Of these, a total of 4 studies met the eligibility criteria for systematic review. In these studies, 416 patients were treated with an MEKi alone. All patients included in the studies were being treated for LGSC in the recurrent setting. Varied results and efficacy of the MEKi were reported in each study.

Conclusions:
The results highlighted in this systematic review demonstrate varied responses to MEKi for recurrent LGSC. Further research is needed in this field comparing the efficacy to current therapies, as well as to further evaluate the safety and toxicity profile with long-term use of MEKi.
Retinal Vascular Occlusion and COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Multicenter Population-based Study
Authors: Li Jing-Xing , Cheng-Chung Wei James , Wang Yu-Hsun , Bair Henry , Hsu Shu-Bai , Lin Chun-Ju 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Several ocular diseases have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially retinal vascular occlusion. This study aims to examine the risk of retinal vascular occlusion following COVID-19 diagnosis.

Method:
This retrospective cohort study was based on 46 healthcare organizations in the United States using the TriNetX network. Individuals who had laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were included. Multivariate analysis was adjusted on age, sex, race and comorbidities, and hazard ratio was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression model.

Results:
1,460,634 paired individuals were enrolled for analysis. Patients with COVID-19 had a significantly higher risk of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04−1.52) than those without COVID-19. The cumulative incidence rate of BRVO was also significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with those without COVID-19 (log-rank p = 0.014). Within 12 weeks following COVID-19 diagnosis, transient effect of central retinal vein occlusion (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.15−2.17) and BRVO (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.51−2.95) were observed.

Conclusions:
This large-scale multicenter study demonstrated retinal vein occlusion may be associated with COVID-19.