bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of acute alcohol intoxication on psychometric testing and 5‐HT‐induced platelet aggregation in normal subjects: Modulatory role of evening primrose oil
Authors: Corbett R. , Meagher J. B. A. , Leonard B. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractGroups of university students were exposed acutely to alcohol (100 ml vodka) and their performance in the Bexley Maudsley Automated Psychological Screening Tests (BMAPS) was assessed. Blood samples were also taken to assess platelet aggregation to 5‐HT challenge. After 1 week's administration of evening primrose oil (EPO) or placebo under double‐blind conditions the students were re‐assessed. No mean difference was found in the psycho‐metric testing of any of the groups either before or after the administration of EPO. However 5‐HT‐induced platelet aggregation was significantly potentiated in those groups exposed to alcohol, and was further increased in the group receiving EPO. These results suggest that platelet aggregation in response to 5‐HT is more sensitive than psychometric tests commonly used to assess alcoholism in detecting changes due to acute alcohol intoxication.
Adverse lithium‐neuroleptic interactions—are there permanent effects?
Authors: Schou Mogens 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn interaction between lithium and neuroleptics may occur, at least when the latter are given in high dosage: however, the four cases described by Cohen and Cohen, although the first reported, can hardly be considered representative. Permanent brain damage is not a distinctive feature of a lithium‐neuroleptic interaction.
Some pharmacological aspects relating to the issue of possible neurotoxic interactions during combined lithium‐neuroleptic therapy
Authors: Waddington John L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe debate on the issue of whether serious neurotoxic reactions are more likely or more problematic during combined lithium‐neuroleptic therapy, in comparison with either agent given alone, has not yet been satisfactorily resolved. Clinical pharmacokinetic studies do not indicate any profound effects of either drug on the plasma levels, distribution, and clearance of the other when given concurrently. At the preclinical pharmacodynamic level, a variety of fundamental cellular processes have been studied both in vitro and in vivo, but these either fail to indicate any basis for toxic synergism or else demonstrate interactions only at very high concentrations of questionable clinical relevance. In animal behavioural studies, there is no convincing evidence that such neurotoxic reactions occur during combined lithium‐neuroleptic administration. However these pharmacological studies must be interpreted conservatively. As such approaches also fail to model or explain the phenomena of tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, negative findings cannot be regarded as conclusive.
Neoplasia and the neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: Wooduff P. W. R. , Palazidou E. , Cranston I. , Toone B. K. , Summers B. , Eddleston A. L. W. F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe association of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with neoplasia has not been previously reported. We report the case of a 64‐year‐old female patient who developed the classical picture of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in relation to a uterine leiomyosarcoma. This raises the question as to whether a biological predisposition exists in patients who develop neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Moclobemide and fluvoxamine co‐administration: A prospective study in healty volunteers to investigate the potential development of the ‘serotonin syndrome’
Authors: Wallnöfer A. , Guentert T. W. , Eckernäs S. A. , Dingemanse J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe combination of serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors and classical inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) has been associated with the severe adverse effects of the so‐called ‘serotonin syndrome’. In the present study the combined administration of moclobemide, a novel, selective and reversible inhibitor of MAO‐A and fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor, was studied in 25 healthy male volunteers. Ascending doses of moclobemide or placebo were added to a steady state dosing regimen of fluvoxamine.The highest incidence of adverse events occurred in the run‐in phase. Three subjects were withdrawn when treated with fluvoxamine alone. In the 13 volunteers receiving the active combination tiredness, dizziness and headache were more frequently noted than in the nine controls receiving fluvoxamine and placebo. The types of adverse events observed before and after the addition of moclobemide to fluvoxamine were very similar. Fluvoxamine plasma concentrations remained unchanged over the period of moclobemide co‐administration. Plasma concentrations of moclobemide were slightly higher than those observed in previous studies.In conclusion, the combined administration of fluvoxamine and moclobemide did not precipitate symptoms of the ‘serotonin syndrome’. This is of particular relevance for the therapeutic practice if switching of the antidepressant medication is necessary.
Correlation between the sites labelled by [3H]‐8 hydroxy‐2‐(di‐N‐propylamino)tetralin and [3H]‐imipramine in human platelets
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Rossi Alessandra , Giannaccini Gino , Martini Claudia , Castrogiovanni Silvia , Micali Maria Grazia , Lucacchini Antonio , Cassano Giovanni Battista 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe authors investigated the possible correlations between the binding parameters, maximum binding capacity (Bmax) and dissociation constant (Kd), of [3H]‐8 hydroxy‐2‐(di‐N‐propylamino) tetralin and [3H]‐imipramine in platelets of 13 healthy subjects. The in vitro pharmacological characterization was also carried out for a further comparison.The results, showing that the Bmax values were significantly and positively correlated, together with the findings of the displacement studies, suggest that in human platelets, [3H]‐8 hydroxy‐2‐(di‐N‐propylamino)tetralin and [3H]‐imipramine bind to the same protein.
Localization and response of the 14‐3‐2 brain protein
Authors: Haglid K. G. , Hydén H. , Lange P. W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe 14‐3‐2 acidic protein specific for nerve tissue has been localized to bands 4 and 5 counted from the anodal front band in a polyacrylamide‐gel eletrophoretic pattern. The material consisted of cut‐out layers of pyramidal nerve cells of the CA3 hippocampal region of the rat. Extracted protein samples were subjected to immunoprecipitation, Coons' double‐layer immunofluorescence, microcompletment fixation, and a localization experiment using microdensitometry on a 400 μΦ gel electrophoresis pattern with a without extra added 14‐3‐2 protein. The protein fractions 4 and 5, now shown to contain 14‐3‐2 protein, have recently been found to incorporate increased precursors at training as compared to controls.
Vinblastine: Influence on nerve conduction and synaptic transmission
Authors: Felder M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVinblastine injected into the eyes of pigeons had a detrimental effect on the amplitude of the postsynaptic evoked potential in the optic tectum; impulse conduction of the optic nerve was not influenced. The depression of the postsynaptic evoked potential was dependent on the dosage. Only 20 and 100 μg vinblastine had an influence; no influence was observed with 10 μg vinblastine. The reversible depression was seen from the third day after injection to between the 21st and the 28th day after injection, and in that period it remained constant. The latency of the response was not influenced by vinblastine.
Regional transport of phenylalanine across the blood‐brain barrier
Authors: Pollay Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn adult rats, using the single‐pass brain uptake technique with a tritiated water standard, L‐phenylalanine was shown to enter brain across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) by both a saturable and diffusionary process. A kinetic analysis of the data revealed Michaelis constant (Ka) of 0.42 mM and V max of 35 nmoles g−1 min−1 The saturable component of L‐phenylalanine transport was adversely affected by dinitrophenol or low sodium concentration in the intracarotid injection solution. Intravascular ouabain did not affect transport and only partial inhibition was observed with 1.5 mM L‐leucine. It appears that there is no regional difference in the capacity of the BBB to more L‐phenylalanine from blood to brain. This process is directly or indirectly coupled to sodium movement and is partially dependent on cellular energy.
Behavioral effects and binding affinities of two stereoisomeric psychotomimetic glycolates
Authors: Lowy Karl , Abood Leo G. , Raines Holly 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA comparison was made of the behavioral effects in cats of the dextro and levo isomers of 3‐quinuclidinyl benzilate (QB), using a special computer‐controlled program. Such psychophysical parameters as rate of response and tendency to use the left or right paw for lever pressing were used primarily to evaluate drug efficacy. The drug did not alter auditory threshold or the percentage of errors in level pressing. The l‐isomer was found to be at least 100 times as potent as the d‐isomer, the effects of both being qualitatively similar. After a single dose of 5μ/Kg of 1‐QB, the cat' performance did not return to normal until 5–7 days late. Pretreatment of the cats with a dose of 2 mg/Kg of atropine, an antimuscarinic agent, did not prevent the behavioral effects of 1‐QB. The binding affinity of the two isomers for synaptic membranes and phosphatidyl serine was identical.
A vestibulothalamic pathway: Electrophysiological demonstration in the cat by localized cooling
Authors: Sans Alain , Raymond Jacqueline , Marty Robert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLocalized cooling was used in the search for vestibulothalamic pathways and a study was made of its effect on the activity of the thalamic neurons brought into action by stimulation of the vestibular nerve. Two cell populations were identified by their distinctive latencies in the ventral part of the posterior thalamus. Short latency responses were transmitted monosynaptically by means of a direct controlateral pathway whose course was identified. For long latency responses, the hypothesis of a polysynaptic path seems probable.
Mesencephalic lesions resulting in normophagia, reduced weight and altered metabolism
Authors: Bellinger L. L. , Bernardis L. L. , Goldman J. K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effects of bilateral lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNA) were studied in male rats. In contrast to data reported by others, hyperphagia and obesity were not observed following VNA lesions. Indeed, except for a depression during the first three postoperative days, food intake (FI) of the VNA lesioned animals (VNAL) was normal. Interestingly, the body weight (BW) of the VNAL was significantly reduced compared to the controls, and a pair feeding study indicated that this depression of BW was not due to their FI. Computation of FI per metabolic size showed that the VNAL actually had a significantly increased FI compared to the controls. After a two day fast the VNAL lost more metabolic size than controls and upon refeeding they defended their pre‐fast BW. The VNAL rats showed normal body composition and circulating glucose, insulin and prolactin. They had reduced free fatty acids, triglycerides, growth hormone and body length. The data suggest that the mesencephalon influences BW set point, some metabolites and possibly overall metabolism.
Pattern of labeling of poly (A)‐associated RNA in the CA3 region of rat hippocampus during training
Authors: Cupello Aroldo , Hydén Holger 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNewly synthesized poly (A)‐associated mRNA was analysed in the hippocampal CA3 pyramidal nerve cells in rats subjected to training to reverse handedness.The nerve cells of trained animals showed a smaller percentage of poly (A)‐associated mRNA than did the active controls. However, a specific fraction of this poly (A) hippocampal RANA with a SE value of around 25 was reproducibly stimulated. This qualitative nerve cell mRNA change is discussed in relation to similar changes in the protein pattern as a function of training.
Excitability and functional organization of cutaneous tactile units of the bullfrog (R. catesbeiana)
Authors: Holloway James A. , Ramsundar C. F. , Wright L. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFrog skin touch receptors are discrete structures which appear as dome‐shaped translucent elevations of the epidermis. These domes are particularly responsive to direct touch. Tactile stimulation adjacent skin never caused impulse activity, except when the skin distortion disturbed the domes. On stimulation at threshold intensity, the response of all units studied always consisted of a single impulse whether the stimulus energy was electrical or mechanical. While most tactile units discharged one impulse upon application of mechanical stimulation, a few also discharged one impulse upon stimulus release (on‐off response). No after discharge was seen at stimulus strengths of three or four times threshold or after repetitive stimulation at 1,000 pps. The range of distribution of active domes/receptive field was 1–14. Generally the most sensitive domes appeared to be in or near center field.Twice as many of the tactile units responded more readily to cold than to warmth. The impulse frequency of units responding to thermal stimulation ranged from 3–11/Sec. The conduction velocity of tactile units measured was within a range of 9–25m/sec, with a mean of 12 m/sec. The results suggest the following: (1) the existence of discrete structures which respond to tactile stimuli; a phylogenetic relationship might be postulated; (2) cold/touch receptors which appear to be present in greater quantity in the frog's skin than are warm/touch receptors, (3) touch units which should be considered primarily as mechanoreceptros with a possible secondary function as thermoreceptors.
Responses of single units in the cat cochlear nucleus to sinusoidal amplitude modulation of tones and noise: Linearity and relation to speech perception
Authors: Hirsch Henry R. , Gibson Mary Morton 
Published: January 2005

AbstractResponses to the sinusoidal modulation envelopes of amplitude‐modulated tone and noise carriers were recorded from single units in the cochlear nucleus of the cat. The unit discharges were synchronized to the peaks of the modulation envelope. Population‐averaged firing rates were independent of the modulation index of the stimulus. Temporal firing patterns, as represented by the shapes and magnitudes of modulation‐cycle histograms, were strongly dependent on stimulus intensity and modulation index. Nonlinear nonsinusoidal responses to sinusoidal modulation envelopes were observed, but only at very high values of sound intensity. These and other results are discussed in the context of psychological studies concerning the perception of speech information.
Brain colchicine‐binding protein (tubulin) during postnatal development in the rat
Authors: Gonzales Linda W. , Geel Stanley E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA time‐decay colchicine‐binding assay was used under optimal conditions for measuring tubulin concentration in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum during postnatal development. In both brain areas soluble tubulin concentration (pmoles colchicine bound/mg tissue) declined by about 35% between 4 and 12 days of age after which the decrease was more gradual up to adulthood. Colchicine‐binding protein concentration of particulate fractions, on the other hand, increased between 4 and 12 days of age followed by relatively little change. The concentration of tubulin the soluble and particulate fractions of the cerebral cortex was 45% and 75% greater, respectively, than corresponding fractions of the cerebellum. The expression of tubulin on the basis of DNA, revealed marked regional differences which can be considered a reflection of differences in the relative extent of morphological differentiation in these areas during the postnatal period. Tubulin in both soluble and particulate fractions exhibited a marked increase in lability for colchicine binding from approximately 12 days of age. The half‐life for loss of colchicine‐binding activity was 2.5‐fold greater in particulate colchicine‐binding reaction provides additional support for the hypothesis that it represents a functionally significant association of tubulin with membranous components.
Stereospecific opiate binding in human erythrocyte membranes and changes in heroin addicts
Authors: Abood Leo G. , Atkinson Holly G. , Macneil Mary 
Published: January 2005

AbstractStereospecific opiate binding has been demonstrated in human erythrocyte membranes, having a Kd of 9 · 10–9 M. In most respects the binding characteristics resemble those of snyaptic membranes. These included the correlation of binding affinity and pharmacological potency of opiates; competition by naloxone; inhibition by Ca2+ and Na+; and sensitivity to phospholipases and tryspin. A comparison of stereospecific opiate binding in control human subjects and heroin addicts revealed a 43% increase in the addict group.
Effects of local illumination of the hypothalamus on spontaneous and flash‐induced multiunit activity recorded from the gonadotropic hypothalamic areas in quail
Authors: Oliver J. , Baylé J. D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMultiple unit activity (MUA) was obtained from gonadotropic areas of the hypothalamus in quail. Pellets of radioluminous paint (RLP) were implanted unilaterally either in the nucleus tuberis or in the n. posterior medialis hypothalami. Control data were obtained from birds receiving nonluminous material (RP). Spontaneous MUA was decreased by 25% in gonadotropic areas in RLP‐treated quail. Direct permanent photostimulation of hypothalamic neuronal population was not as effective in decreasing MUA as environmental photostimulation (50%). Activation in firing rats, which was constant in nonphotostimulated intact birds in response to repetitive flash‐light stimulations, was completely suppressed after implantation of RLP.
Theoretical considerations of local neuron circuits and their triadic synaptic arrangements (TSA) in subcortical sensory nuclei
Authors: Lábos E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCertain sequential models of the so‐called synaptic triadic arrangements (TSA) occurring in sensory nuclei are analyzed. The considerations addressed mainly to the lateral geniculate body. The model is based on the assumption that the neurons establishing these triads consist of conditionally coupled decision‐making subunits. It might be concluded that this and similar arrangements could play a role in the discrimination between stationary and moving retinal inputs and in the detection of temporal correlations in certain input channels.
Topographical distribution of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the diencephalon and mesencephalon of the garden lizard (Calotes versicolor)
Authors: Tewari H. B. , Sethi J. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe present report incorporates the histochemical mapping of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) among the various and fiber tracts of the diencephalons and mesencephalon of Calotes versicolor.The various nuclei, for both enzymes, present varying degrees of staining, ranging from negative nuclei, on the one hand, to mild and intense staining on the other hand. Almost all the fiber tracts reveal intense activity in BChE preparations, while they demonstrate mild and moderate activities for AChE.The nature of the various nuclei in relation to enzymativ patterns is discussed.
Incorporation of [3H] lysine into the brain and spinal cord of the Cebus (Cebus appella) and Rhesus (Macacca mulata) monkeys
Authors: Zanakis Michael F. , Wells Michael R. , Bernstein Jerald J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe relative amounts of incorporation of [3H]lysine into various brain areas and segments of the spinal cord in adult Cebus and Rhesus monkeys were studied. One hour after subcutaneous injection of [3H]lysine, animals were sacrificed and the brain and spinal cord samples taken and processed for3H}lysine incorporation into protein (Lowry et al., 1951; Wells and Bernstein, 1976). Analysis revealed Marked differences in metabolism among brain areas within each species of monkey as well as across species. Cortical structures were generally higher in radioactive uptake than subcortical structures in both species. The Cebus monkey had the greatest variation among brain areas, particularly between cortical regions, whereas the Rhesus monkey did not show cortical variation in uptake. The ratio of incorporated to nonincorporated lysine in the brain and spinal cord was higher in the Rhesus than the Cebus monkey. Both species showed a rostrocaudal gradient of radioactivity following [3H]lysine incorporation into the spinal cord. Considering weight, size, and availability differences, the metabolism of [3H] lysine appears to differ by brain areas and spinal cord segments between species.
Neurochemical effects of cocaine following acute and repeated injection
Authors: Taylor Dorothy , Ho Beng T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFollowing repeated injection in the rat, cocaine decreased the concentration of serotonin in the septum‐caudate and increased the metabolism of hypothalamic norepinephrine and also striatal dopamine to a lesser extent. Furthermore, cocaine significantly decreased the activity of the rate‐limiting enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase. In a comparative study d‐amphetamine and methylphenidate were found to exert an effect opposite to cocaine in the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase. These findings indicate that cocaine may lower central serotonin function by decreasing its availability for neural transmission. This count account for the stimulation of locomotor activity observed after cocaine administration.
Pineal‐induced alterations in reproductive function and pituitary prolactin in the female rat: The effects of bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy and nervi conarii transection
Authors: Blask David E. , Reiter Russel J. , Johnson Linda Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe reproductive organs of female rats subjected to blinding and anosmia were hypotrophic while pituitary prolactin stores were markedly depressed in these animals. All of the effects of dual sensory deprivation were reversed by either superior cervical ganglionectomy or nervi conarii transection. It was concluded that both of these surgical procedures were as effective as pinealectomyin reversing the pineal‐induced alterations in the reproductive physiology of the blind‐anosmic female rat.
Covalent coupling of calf brain prolidase
Authors: Hui Koon‐Sea , Weiss Benjamin , Hui Maria , Lajtha Abel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCalf brain prolidase covalently bound to CNBr‐Sepharose 4B, retained about 32% of the activity of the uncoupled enzyme. The free enzyme showed slightly greater stability than the bound preparation when stored at 20°C or at 0°C. However, in either case the free and bound enzymes were more stable at the lower temperature. Greater thermal stability was shown by the free enzyme than by the bound preparation over a temperature range of 25°C–60°C. The free and bound prolidase, with and without Mn+2, had maximal activity at pH 4.0. Although the bound enzyme showed a single maximum, the free preparation exhibited three pH maxima of 4.0, 9.0, and 66.8, in decreasing order of activity. The ions Ag+, Cu+, Hg+2, and Zn+2 were strongly inhibitory on the free enzyme, whereas inhibition of the bound enzyme, with the exception of Zn+2, was less. Unlike the coupled enzyme, a stimulatory effect was obtained on the free preparation with Co+3, Mg+2, and Mn+2. Various other compounds were studied and their effects were noted.