bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrogating Causal Effects of Body Composition and Puberty‐Related Risk Factors on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ghanbari Faegheh , Otomo Nao , Gamache Isabel , Iwami Takuro , Koike Yoshinao , Khanshour Anas M. , Ikegawa Shiro , Wise Carol A. , Terao Chikashi , Manousaki Despoina 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of pediatric musculoskeletal disorder. Observational studies have pointed to several risk factors for AIS, but almost no evidence exists to support their causal association with AIS. Here, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR), known to limit bias from confounding and reverse causation, to investigate causal associations between body composition and puberty‐related exposures and AIS risk in Europeans and Asians. For our two‐sample MR studies, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with body mass index (BMI), waist‐hip ratio, lean mass, childhood obesity, bone mineral density (BMD), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), age at menarche, and pubertal growth in large European genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), and with adult osteoporosis risk and age of menarche in Biobank Japan. We extracted estimates of the aforementioned SNPs on AIS risk from the European or Asian subsets of the largest multiancestry AIS GWAS (N = 7956 cases/88,459 controls). The results of our inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) MR estimates suggest no causal association between the aforementioned risk factors and risk of AIS. Pleiotropy‐sensitive MR methods yielded similar results. However, restricting our analysis to European females with AIS, we observed a causal association between estimated BMD and the risk of AIS (IVW odds ratio for AIS = 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.7, p = 0.02 per SD increase in estimated BMD), but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for BMI, body fat mass, and 25OHD and remained significant after adjusting for age at menarche in multivariable MR. In conclusion, we demonstrated a protective causal effect of BMD on AIS risk in females of European ancestry, but this effect was modified by BMI, body fat mass, and 25OHD levels. Future MR studies using larger AIS GWAS are needed to investigate small effects of the aforementioned exposures on AIS. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The significance of infectious disease and microbiota in functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Tsuchiya Kiichiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe definition of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) used to be disorders that do not manifest into organic abnormalities. However, it was pointed out that chronic GI dysfunctions can develop following bacterial infections such as acute gastroenteritis and viral infections, and some organic changes in the epithelial cell structure, immunocompetent cells, and inflammatory cytokines were revealed. Recent advancements in analytical methods helped discover changes in the intestinal microbiota of patients with FGID. Correlations between the effects on the enteric environment and clinical conditions and symptoms of FGID are drawing increasing attention.
How to distinguish mpox from its mimickers: An observational retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mortier Coline , Tissot‐Dupont Hervé , Cardona Florian , Bruel Christiane , Lahouel Salima , Lasri Hanane , Bendamardji Karim , Boschi Céline , Parola Philippe , Million Matthieu , Colson Philippe , Brouqui Philippe , La Scola Bernard , Lagier Jean‐Christophe , Cassir Nadim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the current global outbreak of mpox (formerly monkeypox), atypical features were frequently described outside endemic areas, raising concerns around differential diagnosis. In this study, we included 372 adult patients who had clinical signs consistent with mpox and who were screened using non‐variola orthopoxvirus specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between 15 May and 15 November 2022 at the University Hospital Institute Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. At least one clinical sample was positive for 143 (38.4%) of these patients and 229 (61.6%) were negative. Clinically, patients who had mpox presented more frequently with systemic signs (69.9% vs. 31.0%, p < 10−6) including fever (51.0% vs. 30.1%, p < 10−3), myalgia (33.5% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.002), and lymphadenopathy (38.5% vs. 13.1%, p < 10−6). Among the patients who were negative for the non‐variola orthopoxvirus, an alternative diagnosis was identified in 58 of them (25.3%), including chickenpox (n = 30, 13.1%), syphilis (n = 9, 4%), bacterial skin infection (n = 8, 3.5%), gonococcus (n = 5, 2.2%), HSV infection (n = 5, 2.2%), and histoplasmosis (n = 1, 0.4%). Overall, in the current outbreak, we show that mpox has a poorly specific clinical presentation. This reinforces the importance of microbiological confirmation. In symptomatic patients who are negative for the monkeypox virus by PCR, a broad differential diagnosis should be maintained.
Impacts of climate change on winter wheat net primary production: the regulatory role of crop management
Authors: Wu Jiujiang , Gu Yuhui , Sun Kexin , Xing Xuguang , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Huang–Huai–Hai Plain (3HP) is the main agricultural area in China. Although climate change (CC) and crop management (CM) are considered factors affecting the winter wheat net primary production (NPP) in this region, their effects remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the relative contributions of CC and CM to winter wheat aboveground NPP (ANPP) in the 3HP and the relationships between climatic factors and ANPP using the first‐order difference method from 2000 to 2020.RESULTSCM had a greater influence on the ANPP of winter wheat than did CC. However, the relative contribution of CM to ANPP gradually decreased in humid and dry sub‐humid regions with the development of winter wheat. Furthermore, in areas characterized by low temperatures and limited precipitation, CC became the dominant factor contributing to ANPP, indicating that varieties resilient to drought and cold should be selected in these regions. Minimum and average temperatures were the dominant factors driving spatiotemporal variations in ANPP during the early stage of winter wheat growth, whereas maximum temperature constrained growth throughout the winter wheat growth cycle. When winter wheat entered the vigorous growth stage, precipitation and solar radiation replaced temperature as the driving factors influencing winter wheat growth.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study provide guidance for optimizing winter wheat crop management in the 3HP. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Degradation dynamics, residues, processing factors, and dietary risk assessment of bisultap in citrus by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Deng Pengyu , Feng Tianyou , Ou Guipeng , Xiang Yu , Hu Deyu , Zhang Yuping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCitrus leaf miners are a common pest harming citrus production and quality during citrus planting. During the citrus plant's growth phase, bisultap formulation was frequently used to boost yield and produce fruit of high quality. However, research on citrus's dietary risk assessment for bisultap residues, dissipation and residues is lacking.RESULTSLiquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry was used to develop an accurate and sensitive analytical method for derivatizing bisultap into nereistoxin in whole fruit, pulp and peel. At various levels of addition, the mean recovery of bisultap ranged from 84.64% to 111.09% with a reasonable relative RSD (< 20%). The half‐lives in Guangxi and Guizhou were 3.96 and 6.03 days, respectively. After 14–21 days of bisultap application, total residues (bisultap and its metabolite nereistoxin) in the whole fruit were from < 0.02 to 0.228 mg kg−1 in the four experiment sites. Total residue (bisultap and nereistoxin, expressed by bisultap) in whole fruit was approximately 1.05–7.23 times that of pulp. The washing process with tap water removed 85.71% to 98.78% of the bisultap residue in the whole fruit. Bisultap's risk assessment value in citrus was in the range 0.16–1.28%.CONCLUSIONIn the whole citrus fruit, bisultap degrades rapidly. Bisultap residues primarily accumulate on citrus peels, and so washing and peeling citrus may effectively remove bisultap residues. For various age groups, the chronic dietary risk of bisultap was acceptable. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dual contrast CEST MRI for pH‐weighted imaging in stroke
Authors: Chung Julius , Sun Dandan , Hitchens T. Kevin , Modo Michel , Bandos Andriy , Mettenburg Joseph , Wang Ping , Jin Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposepH enhanced (pHenh) CEST imaging combines the pH sensitivity from amide and guanidino signals, but the saturation parameters have not been optimized. We propose pHdual as a variant of pHenh that suppresses background signal variations, while enhancing pH sensitivity and potential for imaging ischemic brain injury of stroke.MethodsSimulation and in vivo rodent stroke experiments of pHenh MRI were performed with varied RF saturation powers for both amide and guanidino protons to optimize the contrast between lesion/normal tissues, while simultaneously minimizing signal variations across different types of normal tissues. In acute stroke, contrast and volume ratio measured by pHdual imaging were compared with an amide‐CEST approach, and perfusion and diffusion MRI.ResultsSimulation experiments indicated that amide and guanidino CEST signals exhibit unique sensitivities across different pH ranges, with pHenh producing greater sensitivity over a broader pH regime. The pHenh data of rodent stroke brain demonstrated that the lesion/normal tissue contrast was maximized for an RF saturation power pair of 0.5 μT at 2.0 ppm and 1.0 μT at 3.6 ppm, whereas an optimal contrast‐to‐variation ratio (CVR) was obtained with a 0.7 μT saturation at 2.0 ppm and 0.8 μT at 3.6 ppm. In acute stroke, CVR optimized pHenh (i.e., pHdual) achieved a higher sensitivity than the three‐point amide‐CEST approach, and distinct patterns of lesion tissue compared to diffusion and perfusion MRI.ConclusionpHdual MRI improves the sensitivity of pH‐weighted imaging and will be a valuable tool for assessing tissue viability in stroke.
Reduced model for fracture of geometrically exact planar beam: Non‐local variational formulation, ED‐FEM approximation and operator split solution
Authors: Ibrahimbegovic Adnan , Mejia‐Nava Rosa‐Adela , Ljukovac Suljo 
Published: October 2023

SummaryIn this work, we present a novel reduced model for computing the solution to a bending fracture problem of the geometrically exact beam. The Reissner model is chosen for representing the large elastic and large plastic deformations of such a beam model. The non‐local variational formulation is proposed to deal with the softening phenomena characteristic of fracture. The fracture energy is introduced as the main fracture parameter, rather than (in general) ill‐defined characteristic length used for previous non‐local models. The discrete approximation is built in terms of the embedded‐discontinuity finite element method (ED‐FEM), which needs no initial crack for optimal performance nor detailed crack kinematics description, such as in the X‐FEM or the phase‐field approach. This kind of approach builds upon the best approximation property of the FEM discrete approximation in the energy norm and provides the best‐approximation property for the dissipated energy computations, and thus optimal computational accuracy if the quantity of interest is inelastic dissipation. The computations are carried out by the operator split method, which separates the computations of global state variables (displacements and stress) from local (internal) variables including the crack opening. Several illustrative examples are provided to confirm an excellent performance of the proposed methodology.
Comparison of outcomes following surgical intervention and inpatient rehabilitation stays in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Niedzwecki Christian , Barbuto Amy , Mitchell Katy , Wirt Steven , Seymour Michelle , Thomas Sruthi , Schwabe Aloysia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionLiterature is limited on functional outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP) following surgical procedures and a subsequent inpatient rehabilitation unit (IRU) stay.ObjectiveTo compare functional outcomes and length of stay (LOS) in children with CP following a surgical procedure and IRU stay based on the surgical procedure performed, pattern of involvement, etiology, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care pediatrics.ParticipantsPediatric patients with CP who underwent one of three surgical procedures followed by an IRU stay.InterventionsSelective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), single‐event multilevel orthopedic surgery (SEMLS), or intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump implantation and subsequent IRU stay.Main Outcome MeasuresIRU LOS, Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) total score, sub‐scores, and efficiency.ResultsChildren undergoing SDR had a longer LOS (p ≤ .015). Children with spastic diplegia, GMFCS level II, and prematurity‐based CP had higher WeeFIM efficiency scores (p ≤ .046, ≤.021, and .034 respectively). Greater changes in WeeFIM™ scores were associated with spastic diplegia, SDR, GMFCS level II, longer LOS, and higher admission scores (p ≤ .045).ConclusionsAlthough statistically and functionally significant improvements in children with CP following surgical interventions and an IRU stay were seen, those with higher WeeFIM change scores tended to have spastic diplegia, to have undergone SDR, GMFCS level II, longer LOS, and higher admission scores.
Optimization of sample preparation and data evaluation techniques for X‐ray fluorescence prediction of soil texture, pH, and cation exchange capacity of loess soils
Authors: Greenberg Isabel , Sawallisch Anja , Stelling Jan , Vohland Michael , Ludwig Bernard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUse of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry for estimation of soil texture, pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) is desirable given the time‐consuming nature of traditional methods. Recent studies have shown promising results; however, further investigation is required to determine the effects of sample preparation and data evaluation techniques on accuracy. Our objective was to compare (I) a simple but well‐founded approach, combining measurement of powder samples and modeling with elemental contents as predictors in stepwise multiple linear regressions (MLR), with alternative approaches including (II) use of partial least squares regression (PLSR), (III) sample preparation as a pressed pellet, and (IV) spectral intensities as predictors (20 kV, 40 kV, and concatenated 20 + 40 kV). A total of 395 loess soils from three arable fields were used with a fivefold random training‐testing approach and a hold‐one‐site‐out training‐testing approach. With random partitioning, clay, silt, and sand accuracy with approach I was excellent (ratio of performance to interquartile distance in validation (RPIQv) = 8.5–12.9), while pH and CEC estimations were satisfactory to excellent (RPIQv = 2.0–2.5 and 2.2–3.3, respectively). Differences between MLR and PLSR were negligible. Increases in accuracy with pellet samples were 1%–13% of RPIQv for 20 kV intensities, but effects were inconsistent for other predictors. The optimal predictor varied by property, and differences ranged from 3% to 13% of RPIQv. Improvements to accuracy from Approach I to the best alternative were largest for texture (10%–15%) but may be superfluous given the excellent accuracy across all approaches. Although the leave‐one‐site‐out training resulted in variable performance, inclusion of soils from the target site in training assured reliable accuracy.
Artificial intelligence ‐ driven sustainable development: Examining organizational, technical, and processing approaches to achieving global goals
Authors: Kulkov Ignat , Kulkova Julia , Rohrbeck Rene , Menvielle Loick , Kaartemo Valtteri , Makkonen Hannu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive literature review using a systematic approach to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting sustainable development in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The systematic review approach was applied to collect and analyze topics, and the literature search was conducted in two stages, encompassing 57 articles that met the research requirements. Our analysis reveals that AI's contribution to sustainability is concentrated within three key areas: organizational, technical, and processing aspects. The organizational aspect focuses on the integration of AI in companies and industries, addressing barriers to implementation and the relationship between companies, partners, and customers. The technical aspect highlights the development of AI algorithms that can address global challenges and contribute to the growth of stability and development in society. The processing aspect emphasizes the internal transformation of companies, their business models, and strategies in response to AI integration. Our proposed conceptual model outlines the essential elements organizations must consider when incorporating AI into their sustainability efforts, such as strategic alignment, infrastructure development, change management, and continuous improvement. By addressing these critical aspects, organizations can harness the potential of AI to drive positive social, environmental, and economic outcomes, ultimately contributing to the achievement of the SDGs. The model serves as a comprehensive framework for organizations seeking to leverage AI for sustainable development, but it should be adapted to individual contexts to ensure its relevance and effectiveness.
A Relation of the Allen–Cahn equations and the Euler equations and applications of the equipartition
Authors: Gazoulis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe will prove that solutions of the Allen–Cahn equations that satisfy the equipartition of the energy can be transformed into solutions of the Euler equations with constant pressure. As a consequence, we obtain De Giorgi type results, that is, the level sets of entire solutions are hyperplanes. Also, we will determine the structure of solutions of the Allen–Cahn system in two dimensions that satisfy the equipartition. In addition, we apply the Leray projection on the Allen–Cahn system and provide some explicit entire solutions. Finally, we obtain some examples of smooth entire solutions of the Euler equations. For specific type of initial conditions, some of these solutions can be extended to the Navier–Stokes equations. The motivation of this paper is to find a transformation that relates the solutions of the Allen–Cahn equations to solutions of the minimal surface equation of one dimension less. We prove this result for equipartitioned solutions in dimension three.
Differences in stakeholders’ expectations of gendered robots in the field of psychotherapy: an exploratory survey
Authors: Nomura Tatsuya , Suzuki Tomohiro , Kumazaki Hirokazu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the present study, qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted to explore differences between stakeholders in expectations of gendered robots, with a focus on their specific application in the field of psychotherapy. In Study I, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 experts in psychotherapy to extract categories of opinions regarding the use of humanoid robots in the field. Based on these extracted categories, in Study II, an online questionnaire survey was conducted to compare concrete expectations of the use of humanoid robots in psychotherapy between 50 experts and 100 nonexperts in psychotherapy. The results revealed that compared with the female participants, the male participants tended to prefer robots with a female appearance. In addition, compared with the experts, the nonexperts tended not to relate the performance of robots with their gender appearance, and compared with the other participant groups, the female expert participants had lower expectations of the use of robots in the field. These findings suggest that differences between stakeholders regarding the expectations of gendered robots should be resolved to encourage their acceptance in a specific field.
An update on pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Figaji Anthony 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the commonest neurological and neurosurgical cause of death and survivor disability among children and young adults. This review summarizes some of the important recent publications that have added to our understanding of the condition and advanced clinical practice.

Methods
Targeted review of the literature on various aspects of paediatric TBI over the last 5 years.

Results
Recent literature has provided new insights into the burden of paediatric TBI and patient outcome across geographical divides and the severity spectrum. Although CT scans remain a standard, rapid sequence MRI without sedation has been increasingly used in the frontline. Advanced MRI sequences are also being used to better understand pathology and to improve prognostication. Various initiatives in paediatric and adult TBI have contributed regionally and internationally to harmonising research efforts in mild and severe TBI. Emerging data on advanced brain monitoring from paediatric studies and extrapolated from adult studies continues to slowly advance our understanding of its role. There has been growing interest in non-invasive monitoring, although the clinical applications remain somewhat unclear. Contributions of the first large scale comparative effectiveness trial have advanced knowledge, especially for the use of hyperosmolar therapies and cerebrospinal fluid drainage in severe paediatric TBI. Finally, the growth of large and even global networks is a welcome development that addresses the limitations of small sample size and generalizability typical of single-centre studies.

Conclusion
Publications in recent years have contributed iteratively to progress in understanding paediatric TBI and how best to manage patients.