bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct microbial communities in an ascidian–crustacean symbiosis
Authors: Hutchings Brenna , López‐Legentil Susanna , Stefaniak Lauren M. , Nydam Marie , Erwin Patrick M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAscidians are marine invertebrates known to occasionally host symbiotic crustaceans. Although the microbiomes of both ascidians and free‐living crustaceans have been characterized, there is no documentation of microbial communities in an ascidian–crustacean symbiosis. Samples of the solitary ascidian Ascidia sydneiensis and ambient seawater were collected in Belize. Four symbiotic amphipod crustaceans were retrieved from the branchial sac of the animal, and their microbiomes were compared with those from their ascidian host (tunic and branchial sac compartments) and seawater. Microbiome richness and diversity differed significantly between sample types, with amphipod microbiomes exhibiting significantly lower diversity than tunic and ambient seawater samples. Microbiome composition also differed significantly between sample types and among all pairwise comparisons, except for branchial sac and amphipod microbiomes. Differential operational taxonomic unit (OTU) analyses revealed that only 3 out of 2553 OTUs had significantly different relative abundances in amphipods compared with ascidian branchial sacs, whereas 72 OTUs differed between amphipod and tunic and 315 between amphipod and seawater samples. Thus, different body compartments of A. sydneiensis hosted distinct microbiomes, and symbiotic amphipods contained microbiomes resembling the region they inhabit (i.e., the branchial sac), suggesting that environmental filtering and co‐evolutionary processes are determinants of microbiome composition within ascidian–crustacean symbioses.
The heart is good: Hope and the good among interfaith communities in New Zealand
Authors: Haggar Sarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis creative nonfiction piece reflects a snapshot of my experience studying the interfaith community in Auckland, New Zealand, from 2015 to 2016. My research was centered on a handful of interfaith organizations and groups who worked together from across different faiths to build a community of respect, education, and hope. Using the framework of the anthropology of the good (Robbins, 2013), I analyzed how their faith‐informed moral perspectives shaped their work and determination to spread peace despite the many obstacles they faced. Their hopes and fears for the future informed their work in the present. Using a variety of ethnographic vignettes, I highlight the threads of “hope” and “the good” in my participants' experiences. As such, this piece reflects core themes of my research and worldviews of my participants, while also providing an avenue of exploring how we do fieldwork, how we decide what is “relevant,” and how we build relationships of trust with our participants. As an emerging anthropologist and postgraduate student, these elements were tightly bound in my mind and this piece demonstrates how, in moving through fieldwork and analysis, these different facets of research coalesce and help to mutually constitute our ethnographic work.
Insights into the diagnosis and management of sarcoid uveitis: A review
Authors: Samalia Priya D. , Lim Lyndell L. , Niederer Rachael L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSarcoidosis is a leading cause of non‐infectious uveitis that commonly affects middle‐aged individuals and has a female preponderance. The disease demonstrates age, sex and ethnic differences in clinical manifestations. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis is made based on a compatible clinical presentation, supporting investigations and histologic evidence of non‐caseating granulomas, although biopsy is not always possible. Multimodal imaging with widefield fundus photography, optical coherence tomography and angiography can help in the diagnosis of sarcoid uveitis and in the monitoring of treatment response. Corticosteroid remains the mainstay of treatment; chronic inflammation requires steroid‐sparing immunosuppression. Features on multimodal imaging such as vascular leakage may provide prognostic indicators of outcome. Female gender, prolonged and severe uveitis, and posterior involving uveitis are associated with poorer visual outcomes.
Bowel preparation for elective colectomy in Crohn's disease: results from a global cohort study using the NSQIP database
Authors: Callado Gustavo Yano , de Almeida Leite Rodrigo Moisés , Araujo Sergio Eduardo Alonso , Barchi Leandro Cardoso , Seddiq Waleed , Correa Isabela Passarin , Junior Ulysses Ribeiro , Ricciardi Rocco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe role of bowel preparation before colectomy in Crohn's disease patients remains controversial. This retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes associated with mechanical and antibiotic colon preparation in patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease undergoing elective colectomy.MethodData were collected from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participant user files from 2016 to 2021. A total of 6244 patients with Crohn's disease who underwent elective colectomy were included. The patients were categorized into two groups: those who received combined colon preparation (mechanical and antibiotic) and those who did not receive any form of bowel preparation. The primary outcomes assessed were the rate of anastomotic leak and the occurrence of deep organ infection. Secondary outcomes included all‐cause short‐term mortality, clinical‐related morbidity, ostomy creation, unplanned reoperation, operative time, hospital length of stay and ileus.ResultsCombined colon preparation was associated with significantly reduced risks of anastomotic leak (relative risk 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.95, P = 0.021) and deep organ infection (relative risk 0.68, 95% CI 0.56–0.83, P < 0.001). Additionally, patients who underwent colon preparation had lower rates of ostomy creation, shorter hospital stays and a decreased incidence of ileus. However, there was no significant difference in all‐cause short‐term mortality or the need for unplanned reoperation between the two groups.ConclusionThis study shows that mechanical and antibiotic colon preparation may have clinical benefits for patients with Crohn's disease undergoing elective colectomy.
Roles and competencies of the clinical psychologist in adult diabetes care—A consensus report
Authors: Snoek Frank J. , Anarte‐Ortiz Maria Teresa , Anderbro Therese , Cyranka Katarzyna , Hendrieckx Christel , Hermanns Norbert , Indelicato Liliana , McGuire Brian E. , Mocan Andreia , Nefs Giesje , Polonsky William H. , Stewart Rose , Vallis Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsPsychological care is recognised as an integral part of quality diabetes care. We set out to describe the roles and competencies of the clinical psychologist as a member of the multidisciplinary adult diabetes care team, focused on secondary care.MethodsThe authors are clinically experienced psychologists involved in adult diabetes care, from Australia, Europe and North America, and active members of the international psychosocial aspects of diabetes study group. Consensus was reached as a group on the roles and competencies of the clinical psychologist working in adult diabetes secondary care, building both on expert opinion and a selective review and discussion of the literature on psychological care in diabetes, clinical guidelines and competency frameworks.ResultsThe clinical psychologist fulfils multiple roles: (1) as a clinician (psychological assessment and therapy), (2) as advisor to the healthcare team (training, consulting), (3) as a communicator and promotor of person‐centred care initiatives and (4) as a researcher. Four competencies that are key to successfully fulfilling the above‐mentioned roles in a diabetes setting are as follows: (a) specialised knowledge, (b) teamwork and advice, (c) assessment, (d) psychotherapy (referred to as STAP framework).ConclusionsThe roles and competencies of clinical psychologists working in diabetes extend beyond the requirements of most university and post‐graduate curricula. There is a need for a comprehensive, accredited specialist post‐graduate training for clinical psychologists working in diabetes care, building on the proposed STAP framework. This calls for a collaborative effort involving diabetes organisations, clinical psychology societies and diabetes psychology interest groups.
Early endovascular approaches for treating acute mesenteric arterial occlusive disease in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Qu Siyuan , Wen Rui , Yan Mingming , Qin Jiao , Li Jiali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmong hemodialysis patients, acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis a condition with a high mortality rate. Very few larger case series have been reported.MethodWe reviewed eight hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus and SMA thrombosis managed with endovascular therapy in our institution. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were described. The patency of the SMA was assessed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) at one month after the endovascular procedure. At the last visit, clinical symptoms and check of mortality were recorded.ResultsMultidetector CTA scan revealed severe stenosis of SMA in 6 patients and SMA occlusion in the other two patients. The severe stenosis of SMA were verified by angiography. Balloon angioplasty without stenting was performed to obtain satisfactory patency of SMA. Seven of eight patients achieved resolution of abdominal pain after the endovascular procedure. One patient died of suspected intestinal necrosis after 6 days of balloon angioplasty. All seven surviving patients did not experience a recurrence of symptoms with a median follow‐up of 2 years. No significant residual stenotic or occlusive lesions were noted in follow‐up CTA at one month after the endovascular procedure.ConclusionSMA thrombosis should be systematically suspected in hemodialysis patients experiencing abdominal pain. Prompt diagnosis of SMA thrombosis as soon as possible and early endovascular therapy are required to obtain a favorable prognosis in the hemodialysis patient with SMA thrombosis.
Synergistic effect of combining dual enkephalinase inhibitor PL37 and sumatriptan in a preclinical model of migraine
Authors: Rossignol Jeanne , Ouimet Tanja , Poras Hervé , Dallel Radhouane , Luccarini Philippe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test whether a combination of sumatriptan with dual enkephalinase inhibitor PL37 would result in an additive or a synergistic effect.BackgroundCombination treatment is frequently used to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The co‐administration of two drugs may result in efficacy at lower doses than those needed for either drug alone, thus minimizing side effects. Here, we tested the effect of the co‐administration of two drugs on cutaneous mechanical hypersensitivity (MH), a symptom often affecting cephalic regions in patients with migraine: dual enkephalinase inhibitor PL37, a small molecule that protects enkephalins from rapid degradation, and sumatriptan, a serotonin 5‐HT1B/1D receptor agonist.MethodsWe investigated the effects of oral administrations of sumatriptan, PL37, or their combination on changes in cutaneous mechanical sensitivity induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of the nitric oxide donor, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in male rats. Mechanical sensitivity was assessed using von Frey filaments applied to the face of animals to determine pain thresholds. Isobolographic analysis was performed to determine the nature of the interaction between sumatriptan and PL37.ResultsSumatriptan as well as PL37 each produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of ISDN‐induced cephalic MH. Median effective dose (ED50) values were 0.3 and 1.1 mg/kg for sumatriptan and PL37, respectively. An isobolographic analysis of the effect of combined doses of sumatriptan and PL37 based on their calculated ED50 values demonstrated a synergistic effect of the combination on cephalic MH, with an interaction index of 0.14 ± 0.04.ConclusionThese results suggest that PL37 acts synergistically with sumatriptan to produce an anti‐allodynic effect in a rat model of migraine. Thus, combining PL37 and sumatriptan may be a useful therapeutic strategy in the management of migraine.Plain Language SummaryThere have been many advances in migraine treatment, but we still need more options that are effective and have few side effects. Sumatriptan is one available drug for acute treatment of migraine, but it does not work for every patient and is not suitable for some people. We tested a new drug called PL37 (that blocks enkephalinases) together with sumatriptan and the combination minimized side effects and allowed lower doses of the drugs for effective migraine treatment in an animal model.
Long‐term outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Authors: Samanci Yavuz , Mürdün Elif , Çil Mahmut , Düzkalir Ali Haluk , Askeroglu Mehmet Orbay , Peker Selcuk 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is an unusual disorder causing severe, brief pain episodes in the areas supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve. Initial treatment involves medications like carbamazepine, but if these are ineffective or cause side effects, interventional pain management techniques or surgery may be considered. Gamma Knife radiosurgery is becoming popular in managing GPN due to its lower risk of complications than surgical interventions like microvascular decompression or rhizotomy. In this retrospective case series, we examined the outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in eight patients with GPN. The decision to utilize Gamma Knife radiosurgery was made following specific criteria, including failed surgical interventions, patient preference against surgery, or contraindications to surgical procedures. Patients were administered radiation doses within the range of 80 to 90 Gy, targeting either the cisternal glossopharyngeal nerve or glossopharyngeal meatus of the jugular foramen. Evaluations were conducted before the Gamma Knife radiosurgery; at 3, 6, and 12 months after Gamma Knife radiosurgery; and annually thereafter. Pain severity was assessed using the modified Barrow Neurological Institute scale grades, with patients achieving grade I–IIIa considered to have a good treatment outcome and grade IV–V to have a poor treatment outcome. Pain control and absence of radiosurgery‐related complications were primary endpoints. The median age of the patients was 46.5 years, varying from 8 to 72 years. The median duration of pain was 32 months (range, 12–120 months). All patients, except one, were on polydrug therapy. All cases exhibited preoperative grade V pain. The median follow‐up duration after Gamma Knife radiosurgery was 54.5 months, varying from 14 to 90 months. The overall clinical assessments revealed a gradual neurological improvement, particularly within the first 8.5 weeks (range, 1–12 weeks). The immediate outcomes at 3 months revealed that all patients (8/8, 100%) experienced pain relief, with 25% (2/8) achieving a medication‐free status (Grade I). Three patients (37%) experienced a recurrence during the follow‐up and were managed with repeat Gamma Knife radiosurgery (n = 2) and radiofrequency rhizotomy (n = 1). At the last follow‐up, 88% (7/8) of patients had pain relief (Grades I–IIIa), with three (37%) achieving a medication‐free status (Grade I). No adverse events or neurological complications occurred. The patient who underwent radiofrequency rhizotomy continued to experience inadequately controlled pain despite medication (Grade IV). Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a non‐invasive, efficacious treatment option for idiopathic GPN, offering short‐ and long‐term relief without permanent complications.
Correlation between double‐stranded DNA and acute urticaria
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Li Zhuo , Lu Jiayi , Qu Guangbo , Qin Qin , Zhang Chang , Bai Yuanming , Wang Daiyue , Luo Sihan , Li Bao , Han Yang , Chen Weiwei , Zhen Qi , Sun Liangdan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute urticaria is a prevalent inflammatory dermatosis characterized by fulminant wheals, often accompanied by severe pruritis. It may also cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Numerous studies have substantiated the pivotal involvement of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in autoimmunity. However, the role of dsDNA in the pathogenesis of acute urticaria is unclear.MethodsWe measured serum dsDNA levels in patients and controls. The relationship between dsDNA levels and environmental exposures (temperature, ultraviolet [UV] index, and season) was investigated by correlating disease onset dates with archived meteorological data. Finally, we used quantitative PCR to determine the expressions of genes encoding dsDNA receptors, single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA) receptors, exosome formation, and type I interferon in the peripheral blood of patients and controls.ResultsSerum dsDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with acute urticaria compared with controls (mean values 1.38 and 0.94 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.001). dsDNA levels were higher in patients exposed to higher environmental temperatures and UV indices and were higher during the summer months. We also found that the expressions of genes encoding dsDNA receptors, ssRNA receptors, absent in melanoma factor 2 (AIM2)‐related inflammatory factors, and interferon alpha were up‐regulated in patients.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that serum dsDNA levels are elevated in acute urticaria and are influenced by climatic factors such as temperature, ultraviolet index, and season. We also found that elevated dsDNA promotes the expression of AIM2‐related factors and type I interferons. This study generates new hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of acute urticaria and suggests novel therapeutic targets.
Structural disorder and oxygen octahedron evolution via defect engineering for properties enhancement in BF–BT ceramics
Authors: Li Bing , Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe electrostrain properties of bismuth ferrite–barium titanate (BF–BT)‐based ceramics can be well regulated; however, this often occurs at the cost of piezoelectricity, and their electrostrain‐temperature stability is poor. To address these problems, defect engineering has been utilized to enhance the comprehensive properties via the unequal substitution of Na+. In this study, 0.69BiFeO3–0.3BaTiO3–0.01NaxNbO3 (BF–BT–NxN) (x = 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, and 1.2) ceramics with different defect concentrations were prepared. Enhanced piezoelectricity and electrostrain (d33 = 165 pC/N and S = ∼0.22%, respectively) were obtained for the BF–BT–N0.9N ceramic. In particular, excellent temperature stability with a strain variation of only 12% from room temperature to 180°C was achieved. The introduction of NaxNbO3 reduced the degree of distortion of the oxygen octahedron, and the defects altered the local structure and heightened its disorder, leading to an enhancement in both the electrostrain and piezoelectric properties. In addition, the temperature‐dependent evolution of the oxygen octahedron structure was altered by defect engineering. A mutual compensation mechanism for the contribution of structural evolution and domain wall motion to electrostrain has been proposed to explain the excellent temperature stability.
Prior history of atrial fibrillation and arrhythmic outcomes: Data from the WEARIT‐II prospective registry
Authors: Goldenberg Ido , Younis Arwa , McNitt Scott , Klein Helmut , Goldenberg Ilan , Kutyifa Valentina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionWearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) is utilized in patients with assumed but not yet confirmed risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Many of these patients also present with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the rate of WCD‐detected ventricular or atrial arrhythmia events in this specific high‐risk cohort is not well understood.MethodsIn WEARIT‐II, the cumulative probability of any sustained or nonsustained VT/VF (WCD‐treated and nontreated), and atrial/supraventricular arrhythmias during WCD use was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method by prior AF, with comparisons by the log‐rank test. The incidence of ventricular and atrial arrhythmia events were expressed as events per 100 patient‐years, and were analyzed by prior AF using negative binomial regression.ResultsWEARIT‐II enrolled 2000 patients, 557 (28%) of whom had AF before enrollment. Cumulative probability of any sustained or nonsustained WCD‐detected VT/VF during WCD use was significantly higher among patients with a history of AF than without AF (6% vs. 3%, p = .001). Similarly, the recurrent rate of any sustained or nonsustained VT/VF was significantly higher in patients with prior AF versus no prior AF (131.5 events per 100 patient‐years vs. 22.7 events per 100 patient‐years, p = .001). Patients with prior AF also had a significantly higher burden of any WCD‐detected atrial arrhythmias/SVT/inappropriate arrhythmias therapy (183.2 events per 100 patient‐years vs. 74.8 events per 100 patient‐years, p < .001).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that patients with a history of AF wearing the WCD for risk assessment have a higher incidence of ventricular arrhythmias that may facilitate the decision making for ICD implantation.