bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of First Aid Types for Pelvic Trauma in Women Injured During Local Military Conflicts
Authors: Maslyakov V. V. , Salov I. A. , Sidelnikov S. A. , Barachevsky Yu. E. , Parshin A. V. , Polidanov M. A. 
Published: January 2024

AIM OF STUDY. To assess the types and scope of first aid for pelvic injuries in women in conditions of local military conflict. MATERIAL AND METHODS. To achieve this goal, an analysis of injuries received during local military operations carried out in the Republic of Chechnya from 1991 to 2000 was carried out. The treatment was carried out on the basis of the surgical hospital of medical organization No. 9 in Grozny. The severity of the injury was determined retrospectively using the Field Surgery Scale, distinguishing four degrees of severity. Injured patients with combined injuries to the chest, abdomen, and head were excluded. The average age of patients was 34 [28; 40] years. The total number was 86. RESULTS. As the study shows, group A included 54 (62.8 %), and group B included 32 (37.2 %) patients. The distribution by group is presented as follows: in group A, 44 (51.2 %) shrapnel wounds, 10 (11.6 %) gunshot wounds. In group B, there were, respectively, 25 shrapnel (29.1 %) and 7 gunshot (8.1 %) wounds. Further analysis showed that penetrating wounds predominated, which were observed in 67 (77.9 %) cases, non-penetrating wounds were only revealed in 19 (22.1 %) cases (r = 0.97, p < 0.05, statistically significant). Distribution by groups: in group A there were 48 (55.8 %) and 6 (7.0 %), respectively, in group B there were 19 (22.1 %) and 13 (15.1 %) observations. Anti-shock measures, which include pain relief and infusion therapy, were carried out in 31 (36.0 %) cases in group A and in 5 (5.8 %) cases in group B (r = 0.97, p < 0 .05, statistically significant). At the same time, in the group of patients where first aid was provided by random witnesses or as self-help, the n
Diagnosis and Treatment of Manifestations of Endothelial Dysfunction in ICU Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kiselev V. V. , Zhigalova M. S. , Petrikov S. S. , Klychnikova E. V. , Yartsev P. A. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. Acute pancreatitis is an aseptic inflammation of the demarcation type based on necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells, and enzymatic aggression, followed by expanding necrosis and dystrophy of the gland, in which damage to surrounding tissues, as well as distant organs and systems, and the addition of a secondary purulent infection are possible. An important pathogenetic aspect of the severe course of acute pancreatitis is endothelial dysfunction. The latter often begins as a diffuse activation of coagulation, which further potentiates the progression of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, thereby, complicates the course of acute pancreatitis. There is a connection between the activation of coagulation and the severity of inflammation. Traumatic tissue injury, followed by hypoperfusion, hemodilution, hypothermia, and acidosis cause acute post-traumatic coagulopathy. The inflammatory process activates the coagulation system, reduces the activity of natural anticoagulants and disrupts the functioning of the fibrinolytic system, thereby leading to thrombosis. AIM OF STUDY. Improving the results of treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis by choosing the optimal method of extracorporeal hemocorrection and anticoagulant therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The present retrospective-prospective study included 76 patients (50 (65.7 %) men and 26 (34.2 %) women) diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis. To assess the effectiveness of the therapy, the patients were divided into 2 groups: the control group (n=34), based on the retrospective analysis of case histories, included patients who received standard conservative therapy. The severity of the condition was assessed using APACHE II, SOFA, MARSHALL and Ranson scales, and amounted to 16.8 ± 4.2, 3.44 ± 1.32, 2.6 ± 0.64, 3.8 ± 0.52 points, respectively. The main group (n=42) included patients whose treatment was supplemented with the use of low molecular weight heparin preparations, extracorporeal methods of hemocorrection with the inclusion of cytokine adsorption together with renal replacement therapy. The severity of the condition of the 2nd group’s patients was assessed using APACHE II, SOFA, MARSHALL and Ranson scales, and amounted to 16.6 ± 3.4, 3.26 ± 1.24, 2.5 ± 0.72, 3.6 ± 0.48 points, respectively. CONCLUSION. As a result of expanded therapeutic tactics for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) using sorption methods of extracorporeal hemocorrection, anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin, as well as the inclusion of saline enteral solution in the therapeutic regimen to restore intestinal propulsive function, it was possible to reduce the number of purulent-septic complications by 1.6 times, cases of development of multiple organ failure by 1.5 times, and mortality by 1.7 times.
Anatomical Rationale for the Choice of Surgical Intervention for an Ingrown Nail
Authors: Makhmudov Sh. A. , Fominykh E. M. , Zubritsky V. F. , Kanibolotsky A. A. , Varfolomeyeva P. D. , Platonova G. A. , Rogovaya O. S. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. An ingrown toenail is one of the reasons for surgical intervention: it accounts for up to 20 % of all operations in clinics. At the same time, conservative and surgical approaches to treatment are not reliable enough: up to 70% of cases are complicated by relapses. AIM OF STUDY. To study the topographic location and ratio of cells in the growth zone of the nail plate, necessary for planning the volume of intervention in the treatment of ingrown toenails. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The material for conducting our own research was samples of the cadaver nail complex, without identified pathologies, from 20 objects of different ages and genders. Studies were carried out using histological, immunofluorescent and microscopic methods. The results were compared with available literature data, clarifying the most important structural features. The data obtained will make it possible to reasonably plan the volume of intervention during operations for ingrown nails, as well as to reduce the number of unsatisfactory results of operations on the nail complex in case of injury and nail diseases.
Efficacy of concomitant early summer treatment with fenbendazole and clorsulon against Fasciola hepatica and gastrointestinal nematodes in calves in Louisiana
Authors: Malone J. B. , Williams J. C. , Lutz M. , Fagan N. , Jacocks M. , Jones E. , Marbury K. , Willis E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The efficacy, safety, and compatibility of fenbendazole (fbz) and clorsulon (cln) were tested after oral administration of label recommended and of higher (5 ×) dosage rates to calves naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasciola hepatica. Results for 42 calves allotted to 4 treatment groups indicated a similar efficacy against mature F hepatica by fbz (5 mg/kg of body weight) and cln (7 mg/kg) in a combined oral suspension, compared with cln (7 mg/kg) alone (100 vs 99% reduction). A lesser efficacy was observed against immature flukes (88.6 and 84.9% reduction, respectively). Calves given 25 mg of fbz/kg and 35 mg of cln/kg had nearly complete reduction of both mature (99.6%) and immature flukes (99.1%). Fasciola egg counts were reduced by > 99.5% in all treated groups. Against Ostertagia ostertagi, the percentage ofe fficacy of the combined fbz (5 mg/kg) and cln (7 mg/kg) treatment was 94.3% against adults and 81.3% against inhibited larvae. Efficacy against all other nematodes was 100%, except against Cooperia spp adults (98.3%) and immature Oesaphagostomum radiatum (88.0%). At 5 × dosage rates for fbz and cln, percentage of removal of adults and inhibited larvae of O ostertagi was 99.3 and 99.0%, respectively, and 99 to 100% for other nematodes. Results indicate that fbz and cln are compatible when mixed together and administered as an oral suspension to cattle and that the efficacy is similar to that of the drugs individually. On the basis of further results, we suggest that summer treatment may be superior in preventive value for gastrointestinal nematodes and F hepatica, compared with spring treatment, because of seasonal infection dynamics of the major cattle parasites in Louisiana.
Scanning electron microscopy of pathologic changes in the epithelial surfaces of the uterus and uterine tubes of cows
Authors: Bollo Enrico , Biolatti Bartolomeo , Pau Saluatore , Galloni Marco 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Genital tracts from 15 cows with catarrhal and purulent inflammation of the uterus and uterine tubes, cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, or hydrosalpinx were evaluated by use of scanning electron microscopy to determine epithelial changes associated with these conditions. Uterine epithelium was revealed to be easily damaged, even in the course of mild inflammation, whereas epithelium of the uterine tube was more resistant.
Mathematical model for the impact of a pseudorabies epizootic on the productivity of a farrow-to-finish operation
Authors: Grenfell Bryan T. , Smith Gary 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A fully age-structured deterministic model of the population biology of a pseudorabies epizootic in a farrow-tofinish operation was used to examine the disease-related change in productivity following the initial disease episode. A strategy involving continual sow vaccination was compared with various strategies involving the vaccination of growing pigs, as well as sows. The model suggests that vaccinating growing pigs, in addition to the breeding herd, results in only a relatively small improvement in long-term productivity fol lowing a pseudorabies epizootic.
Plasmid content of piliated and nonpiliated forms of Moraxella bovis
Authors: Wilt G. R. , Wu Gin , Bird R. C. , Toivio-Kinnucan M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Plasmid profiles were compared between nonpiliated and piliated forms of Moraxella bovis isolates. The piliated form of M bovis isolate IBH64 contained 1 fewer plasmid than did the nonpiliated form. Piliated and nonpiliated cells of IBH64 contained plasmids having molecular size of 45, 32.8, 4.9, and 4.6 kilobases (kb). Single- and double-restriction endonuclease digestion by Ava I and Nde I indicated that the size of the additional plasmid carried by the nonpiliated form of IBH64 was approximately 43.6 kb. The M bovis isolates, Newport and GRS, contained the same number of plasmids in either their piliated or nonpiliated form.
Influence of phenytoin on isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats
Authors: Besbasi Faiza S. , Hamlin Robert L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A study was designed to determine whether phenytoin (phe) prevents the myocardial necrosis and subsequent fibrosis produced by isoproterenol (iso). Seven groups of female rats of the Wistar strain were used. Rats in groups 1 and 5 served as controls, Rats in group 3 were injected sc with 85 mg of iso/kg of body weight for 2 consecutive days. Rats in groups 2 and 6 received 100 mg of phe/kg orally. Rats in groups 4 and 7 received both PHE and iso. There were 6 to 9 rats/group. Effects of iso and phe were evaluated gravimetrically, histologically, and electrocardiographically. Heart weight/body weight ratios for each group receiving iso, with or without phe, were greater than for groups not receiving iso (P < 0.05). Light microscopic examination of heart sections of rats given iso alone or iso + phe revealed multiple and diffuse areas of fibrosis. Fibrosis in hearts from rats receiving phe + iso was less severe than that in hearts from rats receiving iso alone, but the difference was not statistically significant. Electrocardiographic changes of statistical significance were not observed in rats receiving any compound (alone or in combination), when compared with the control groups of equal age.
Effects of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae infections on alveolar macrophage functions in swine
Authors: Caruso J. P. , Ross R. F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Alveolar macrophages were collected at necropsy from pigs inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae or Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or both and were tested for phagocytic capabilities, using in vitro techniques. Macrophages from noninoculated littermates were used as controls. Alveolar macrophages from pigs inoculated with either M hyopneumoniae or A pleuropneumoniae had significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.0025) higher phagocytic capacity than that of noninoculated controls. Macrophages from A pleuropneumoniae-inoculated pigs were comparatively more stimulated than were those from M hyopneumoniae-inoculated pigs. Pigs inoculated with M hyopneumoniae and then challenge-exposed with A pleuropneumoniae 2 and 4 weeks later had greatly reduced phagocytosis. Infection with M hyopneumoniae or A pleuropneumoniae caused stimulation of alveolar macrophage functions, and M hyopneumoniae infections may have suppressed phagocytic responses when pigs were challenge-exposed with a secondary pathogen (A pleuropneumoniae). This potential suppression may represent a prediposition of the host by M hyopneumoniae to secondary bacterial infections.
Reactivation of latent pseudorabies virus infection in vaccinated commercial sows
Authors: Cowen Peter , Li Shugen , Guy James S. , Erickson Gene A. , Blanchard Decatur 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Pseudorabies virus (prv) was isolated from 9 of 44 prv-vaccinated seropositive sows on 5 of 11 farms. Although serum-neutralization antibody titers were 1:16 to 1:256, 28 virus isolates were obtained from tonsil, nasal, or buccal swab samples from 9 sows given 2 ml of dexamethasone/kg of body weight im for 5 days. Pseudorabies virus was isolated from 6 of 20 sows (3 of 5 farms) given a killed-virus vaccination. Virus was obtained from 3 of 24 sows (2 of 6 farms) given modified-live virus and killed-virus vaccination.
Evaluation of the 9 prv with 5 restriction endonucleases revealed 4 prv existing genotypes. The 9 isolated types of prv appeared to be indistinguishable by Kpn I and BamHI restriction endonuclease analysis; however, when analyzed with Sal I, HinfI, and Pst I, isolates 7 (farm D), 8 (farm C), and 9 (farm B) had numerous differences. Isolates 1, 2, 3, and 4 (farm F) and 5 and 6 (farm G) appeared to be the same genotype when further analyzed with Pst I, HinfI, and Sal I.
Renal excretion of creatinine, electrolytes, protein, and enzymes in healthy sheep
Authors: Garry Franklyn , Chew Dennis J. , Rings D. M. , Tarr M. J. , Hoffsis Glen F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Urinary indices of renal function and damage were measured in 6 healthy, mature ewes over a 48-hour period. Endogenous creatinine clearance, total and fractional electrolyte excretion rates, protein excretion, urine volume, and urine γ-glutamyltransferase and β-glucuronidase activities were measured. Significant variations in the excretion rates of creatinine, electrolytes, and protein were not found between intervals within the 48-hour urine collection period. Total urinary electrolyte excretion rates were significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with fractional electrolyte excretion rates normalized for creatinine concentration; however, coefficient of determination was low.
Effects of age, sex, and body size on serum concentrations of thyroid and adrenocortical hormones in dogs
Authors: Reimers Thomas J. , Lawler Dennis F. , Sutaria Perry M. , Correa Maria T. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), and cortisol frequently are quantified in canine serum or plasma samples to aid in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, and hyperadrenocorticism. Many laboratories have established reliable references values for concentrations of these hormones in blood of clinically normal animals. However, nonpathologic factors that affect thyroidal and adrenocortical secretion may lead to misinterpretation of test results when values for individual animals are compared with reference values. The objective of the study reported here was to identify effects of age, sex, and body size (ie, breed) on serum concentrations of T3, T4, and cortisol in dogs.
Blood samples were collected from 1,074 healthy dogs, and serum concentrations of the iodothyronines and cortisol were evaluated for effects of breed/size, sex, and age. Mean (± sem) serum concentration of T4 was greater in small (2.45 ± 0.06 μg/dl)- than in medium (1.94 ± 0.04 μg/dl)- or large (2.03 ± 0.03 μg/dl)-breed dogs, the same in females (2.11 ± 0.04 μg/dl) and males (2.08 ± 0.04 μ/dl), and greater in nursing pups (3.04 ± 0.05 μg/dl) than in weanling pups (1.94 ± 0.05 μg/dl), rapidly growing dogs (1.95 ± 0.04 μg/dl), and young adult (1.90 ± 0.06 μg/dl), middle-aged adult (1.72 ± 0.05 μg/dl), or old adult (1.50 ± 0.05 μg/dl) dogs. Dogs > 6 years old had lower mean serum T4 concentration than did dogs of all other ages, except middle-aged adults. Mean serum T3 concentration in medium-sized dogs (1.00 ± 0.01 ng/ml) was greater than that in small (0.90 ± 0.01 ng/ml)- and large (0.88 ± 0.01 ng/ml)-breed dogs. Serum T3 concentration was lowest in nursing (0.85 ± 0.01 ng/ml) and weanling (0.77 ± 0.02 ng/ml) pups, increased in rapidly growing dogs (0.99 ± 0.01 ng/ml) and young adult dogs (1.10 ± 0.04 ng/ml), and decreased slightly in middleaged (0.98 ± 0.02 ng/ml) and old (1.01 ± 0.03 ng/ml) adult dogs. Serum T3 concentration was unaffected by sex. Mean serum cortisol concentration was greater in small (1.06 ± 0.07 μg/dl)- than in large (0.79 ± 0.03 μg/ dl)-breed dogs. Serum from nursing pups (0.57 ± 0.04 μg/ dl) contained less cortisol than did serum from older dogs (mean values ≥ 0.92 μg/dl). Serum cortisol concentration was not different between males and females. These effects of breed/size and age on serum T3, T4, and cortisol concentrations should be considered when evaluating thyroid and adrenocortical functions in dogs.
Comparison of the complement-fixation and agar gel immunodiffusion tests for diagnosis of subclinical bovine paratuberculosis
Authors: Sherman David M. , Gay John M. , Bouley Diane S. , Nelson Glen H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The performance of the serum complement fixation (cf) test was compared with that of a serum agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test on 74 subclinically infected and 154 uninfected cattle in 6 commercial midwestern dairy herds with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection and on 30 cattle in a herd that was free of infection. Infection status of cattle within herds was established by performance of a series of 3 or more fecal cultures and of ileocecal lymph node cultures of culled cattle.
In cattle with subclinical infection detected by culturing, the sensitivity estimates of the cf and agid tests were 10.8% (3.6% se) and 18.9% (4.5% se), respectively, In the cattle classified as disease free, the specificity estimates of the cf and agid tests were 97.4% (1.3% se) and 99.4% (0.6% se), respectively. Neither set of estimates was significantly different.
Negative test results obtained with the use of either test in apparently normal cattle from suspect herds should be interpreted with caution because both tests suffer from how sensitivities in subclinically infected animals. However, the agid test may be more useful in regulatory situations in which the cf test is currently used because the agid test is easier to perform and to interpret.
Biological effects of staphylococcal protein A immunotherapy in cats with induced feline leukemia virus infection
Authors: Lafrado Louis J. , Mathes Lawrence E. , Zack Philip M. , Olsen Richard G. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Biological effects of staphylococcal protein A (spa) immunotherapy were studied in 5 viremic and 6 nonviremic cats with induced FeLV infection and in 6 control cats. The spa therapy neither reversed FeLV viremia nor resulted in consistent improvement in humoral immune responses to FeLV antigens. However, spa immunotherapy induced a proliferative response in bone marrow granulocytic lineage, possibly resulting in expression of FeLV-free mature neutrophils in the blood. Seemingly, viral burden and chemiluminescent responses were reversed in viremic cats during spa immunotherapy.
Influence of tolazoline on caudal epidural administration of xylazine in cattle
Authors: Skarda Roman T. , Jean Guy St. , Muir William W. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Eight adult female cattle (6 Holstein, 1 Jersey, 1 Brown Swiss) were used to determine the antagonistic effects of tolazoline, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on xylazine-induced (via caudal epidural administration) depression of cns, respiratory, and cardiovascular activity and rumen motility. A 2% solution of xylazine HCl was injected into the epidural space at the first coccygeal interspace, using a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, diluted to a 5-ml volume with sterile water, and administered at a rate of approximately 1 ml/30 s. Eight minutes after xylazine injection, either tolazoline (0.3 mg/kg) or saline solution (4 ml) was administered iv. All 8 cattle were treated, using both regimens in a random sequence; at least 1 week elapsed between treatments. Epidurally administered xylazine induced caudal analgesia (S3 to coccyx), as evaluated by no response to superficial and deep muscular pinprick, and induced sedation, cardiopulmonary depression, and inhibition of rumen motility, but all cattle remained standing. Tolazoline effectively reversed xylazine-induced rumen hypomotility, and partially antagonized xylazine-induced cardiopulmonary depression without affecting sedation and desirable local (S3 to coccyx) analgesic effects.
Effect of age and training status on pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Jensen R. C. , Fischer J. H. , Cwik M. J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effect of age and training status on the pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine was evaluated in 16 Thoroughbreds. Horses were assigned to 1 of 3 groups on the basis of age and training status: group A (n = 6), horses in active training and ≤ 5 years old; group B (n = 5), horses out of training for a minimum of 6 weeks and ≤ 5 years old; and group C (n = 5), horses out of training for at least 2 years and ≥ 9 years old. After administration of 500 mg of flunixin meglumine iv, multiple serum and urine samples were obtained over 24 hours and assayed for flunixin by high-performance liquid chromatography. Although the mean distribution rate constant and volume of distribution were similar for the 3 groups, mean total body clearance and elimination rate constant were significantly (P < 0.05) greater and half-life significantly (P < 0.01) less in groups A and B, compared with group C. Differences in pharmacokinetic values were not observed between the horses in groups A and B. In addition, the changes in clearance, elimination rate constant, and half-life of flunixin were found to significantly (P < 0.05) correlate with age. The results of this investigation indicated that age, but not training status, influences disposition of flunixin meglumine in Thoroughbreds.