bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive assessment of clinical outcome and quality of life after total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Angst Felix , John Michael , Pap Géza , Mannion Anne F. , Herren Daniel B. , Flury Matthias , Aeschlimann André , Schwyzer Hans‐Kaspar , Simmen Beat R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess quantitatively the outcome and to explore the physiometric and psychometric properties of clinical, generic, and condition‐specific instruments after total elbow arthroplasty.MethodsSeventy‐nine patients were assessed in a 6–19‐year cross‐sectional catamnesis by means of 6 widely used questionnaires, clinical examinations, and radiographic examinations.ResultsWith regard to pain, general physical health, and all the mental health dimensions of the Short Form 36 (SF‐36), the patients showed scores comparable to normative values. Elbow joint stability and satisfaction were both good. Significant functional limitation was evidenced by the low mean scores of the SF‐36 physical functioning measure (48.7, normative 69.9) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) function measure (51.1, normative 89.3). The SF‐36 physical component summary and the DASH correlated highly (r = 0.76) and, in factor analysis, loaded on the factor “physical unspecific.” The patient and clinical modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons questionnaire (mASES) correlated with the Patient Related Elbow Evaluation form (r = 0.92 with the patient mASES) and loaded on “physical specific.” The SF‐36 mental component summary loaded on “mental quality of life.”ConclusionThe patients' self‐rated health, quality of life, and clinical outcome were good and were not affected by impairment in some specific functional abilities. A questionnaire set comprising the SF‐36 and the patient and clinical mASES is proposed for the comprehensive and specific assessment of outcome after elbow arthroplasty.
Takayasu's arteritis: A study of 104 Italian patients
Authors: Vanoli M. , Daina E. , Salvarani C. , Sabbadini M. G. , Rossi C. , Bacchiani G. , Schieppati A. , Baldissera E. , Bertolini G. ,   Itaka Study Group
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTakayasu's arteritis (TA) is a rare vasculitis. The Italian Takayasu's Arteritis study group was established with the aim to describe a large cohort of patients.MethodsData were collected by means of an ad hoc form. Demographic information, clinical history, vascular findings, treatment, risk factors, and comorbidities were analyzed.ResultsData of 104 patients were collected. The median delay in diagnosis was 15.5 months (range 0–325 months). Age at onset <15 years was associated with a higher probability, whereas elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate with a lower probability, of a delay in diagnosis. The majority of patients experienced nonspecific signs and symptoms indicative of an inflammatory disease in the early phase. Among vascular involvement, stenosis was the most frequent lesion, being present in 93% of patients, followed by occlusion (57%), dilatation (16%), and aneurysm (7%). Glucocorticoids were the mainstay of treatment in our series; however, treatment with cytotoxic agents was required in about half of the patients. Fifty‐two patients underwent at least 1 surgical procedure. The main indications for intervention were renal vascular hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, and limb claudication.ConclusionAs with many rare diseases, delay in diagnosis is an important issue for patients with TA. The increasing occurrence of vascular lesions along with the disease progression put to question the long‐term effectiveness of contemporary treatment. These data may be helpful in increasing physicians' awareness to prevent diagnosis delay, update guidelines, and plan future research projects.
Disease activity measurement of rheumatoid arthritis: Comparison of the simplified disease activity index (SDAI) and the disease activity score including 28 joints (DAS28) in daily routine
Authors: Leeb Burkhard F. , Andel Ingrid , Sautner Judith , Bogdan Mirela , Maktari Adil , Nothnagl Thomas , Rintelen Bernhard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability and congruency of the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) compared with the Disease Activity Score including 28 joints (DAS28) in daily practice.MethodsIn 399 consecutive rheumatoid arthritis patients (307 women, 92 men), the SDAI and the DAS28 were calculated. Additionally, 115 of them were observed for 1 year and changes of both values were recorded. Joint assessments were performed by 4 experienced physicians. DAS28 and SDAI values and the respective changes were compared by correlation and regression analyses. Reliability assessment and factor analyses were performed. Disease activity categorizing was compared by the Wilcoxon's rank sum test.ResultsThe median ± SD scores were 3.42 ± 1.45 for the DAS28 and 11.50 ± 11.50 for the SDAI. Spearman's rho was 0.897 (P < 0.0001). Score changes were also significantly correlated. Reliability testing and factor analysis revealed that both scores can be regarded as monocomponent. Categorizing patients according to the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria (EULARC) or the SDAI revealed statistically significant differences between the 2 scales (P < 0.0001).ConclusionSDAI values are considerably shifted to the left compared with DAS28 levels. Internal consistency and reliability of both scores are comparable. For the differences in disease activity categorizing due to the SDAI compared with the EULARC, a major limitation of the application of this newly developed disease activity score is given, unless these incongruencies can be cleared.
Physical activity, physical fitness, and general health perception among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Eurenius Eva , Stenström Christina H. ,   The Para Study Group
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo describe self‐reported physical activity and physical fitness and to identify correlates of physical activity and general health perception.MethodsData on self‐reported physical activity, physical fitness, activity performance, and disease activity were collected from a sample of 298 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ResultsForty‐seven percent of our sample reported physical activity behaviors that did not comply with public health recommendations. A majority of the patients had decreased lower‐limb muscle function (72%), grip force (94%), joint motion (94%), and functional balance (68%). Correlations between self‐reported physical activity and other variables were rs = 0.25 or less. Variation in general health perception was explained (total adjusted R2 = 0.65) by pain and activity performance.ConclusionOur findings indicate that there is a case for recommendations on and support for healthy physical activity behaviors among people with RA.
Recommendations for musculoskeletal ultrasonography by rheumatologists: Setting global standards for best practice by expert consensus
Authors: Brown Andrew K. , O'Connor Philip J. , Roberts Trudie E. , Wakefield Richard J. , Karim Zunaid , Emery Paul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo establish an expert consensus of best practice for rheumatologists performing musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MUS).MethodsA panel of worldwide experts in MUS was identified by literature review, membership of teaching faculty, and peer recommendation. They were invited to take part in a 4‐stage Delphi process employing 2 iterative rounds to establish a consensus of specific indications, anatomic areas, and knowledge and skills required by rheumatologists performing MUS.ResultsExperts in MUS were identified (n = 57; 37 radiologists, 20 rheumatologists). Successive rounds of this rigorous Delphi exercise enabled group consensus to be achieved in 30 of the proposed 37 categories comprising 8 of 13 indications (inflammatory arthritis, tendon pathology, effusion, bursitis, monitoring disease activity, monitoring disease progression, guided aspiration, and injection), 8 of 10 anatomic areas (hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, ankle and heel, and forefoot), and 14 categories of knowledge and skills (physics, anatomy, pathology, equipment, clinical application and relevance, indications and limitations, artifact, machine function and operation, patient and probe position, planes and system of examination, image optimization, dynamic assessment, color Doppler, and power Doppler).ConclusionWe have produced the first expert‐derived, interdisciplinary consensus of recommendations for rheumatologists performing MUS. This represents a significant advance that will not only direct future rheumatology MUS practice, but will facilitate informed educational development. This is an important step towards the introduction of a specific training curriculum and assessment process to ensure competent rheumatologist ultrasonographers.
Occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and associated vasculitis in patients with hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs: A long‐term followup study
Authors: Slot Marjan C. , Links Thera P. , Stegeman Coen A. , Tervaert Jan Willem Cohen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV) are not only induced during treatment with antithyroid drugs, but can also become evident when medication has been ceased, possibly after years.MethodsPatients who visited our hospital for the treatment of hyperthyroidism were included (n = 207). Treatment consisted of antithyroid medications, radioactive iodide, thyroidectomy, or a combination of these treatment options. Patients were retested 3–6 years later to evaluate long‐term effects of antithyroid drugs. Patients were tested for the presence of ANCA and, if positive, evaluated for the presence of AAV.ResultsOf 209 patients with hyperthyroidism, 12 patients (6%) were positive for myeloperoxidase‐ (MPO‐), proteinase 3‐, or human leukocyte elastase‐ANCA. Seventy‐seven of 209 patients were retested; 1 patient who had not been treated with antithyroid drugs had developed MPO‐ANCA. In 3 of 6 patients previously positive, ANCA could still be detected. The presence of ANCA was highly associated with treatment with antithyroid drugs (odds ratio 11.8 [95% confidence interval 1.5–93.3]). Of 13 patients with a positive ANCA result on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, AAV with glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in 4 (31%).ConclusionThe presence of ANCA with or without vasculitis is associated with previous treatment with antithyroid drugs, possibly after years.
Effects of immobilization by entrapment in alginate and scale‐up on paclitaxel and baccatin III production in cell suspension cultures of Taxus baccata
Authors: Bentebibel Salima , Moyano Elisabet , Palazón Javier , Cusidó Rosa M. , Bonfill Mercedes , Eibl Regine , Piñol M. Teresa 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPaclitaxel and baccatin III‐producing cells of Taxus baccata were immobilized within Ca2+‐alginate beads. Under established optimum conditions for the biosynthesis of both taxanes, the yields of paclitaxel and baccatin III in shake‐flask cultures of free cells increased by factors of up to 3 and 2, respectively, in the corresponding cultures of immobilized cells. Although the scale‐up from shake‐flask to bioreactor culture usually results in reduced productivities when both free and immobilized cells were grown in the same optimum conditions in three different bioreactor types (Stirred, Airlift, and Wave) running for 24 days in a batch mode and with the system optimized in each case, there was a considerable increase in the yields of paclitaxel and baccatin III. Among the reactors, the Stirred bioreactor was the most efficient in promoting immobilized cell production of paclitaxel, giving a content of 43.43 mg.L−1 at 16 days of culture, equivalent to a rate of 2.71 mg.L−1.day−1. To our knowledge, the paclitaxel productivity obtained in this study is one of the highest reported so far by academic laboratories for Taxus species cultures in bioreactors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Group‐specific primer and probe sets to detect methanogenic communities using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Yu Youngseob , Lee Changsoo , Kim Jaai , Hwang Seokhwan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractReal‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive method that can be used for the detection and quantification of microbial populations without cultivating them in anaerobic processes and environmental samples. This work was conducted to design primer and probe sets for the detection of methanogens using a real‐time PCR with the TaqMan system. Six group‐specific methanogenic primer and probe sets were designed. These sets separately detect four orders (Methanococcales, Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinales) along with two families (Methanosarcinaceae and Methanosaetaceae) of the order Methanosarcinales. We also designed the universal primer and probe sets that specifically detect the 16S rDNA of prokaryotes and of the domain Bacteria and Archaea, and which are fully compatible with the TaqMan real‐time PCR system. Target‐group specificity of each primer and probe set was empirically verified by testing DNA isolated from 28 archaeal cultures and by analyzing potential false results. In general, each primer and probe set was very specific to the target group. The primer and probe sets designed in this study can be used to detect and quantify the order‐level (family‐level in the case of Methanosarcinales) methanogenic groups in anaerobic biological processes and various environments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of anatomy in a problem‐based medical curriculum
Authors: Chakravarty Manoj , Latif Nasir A. , Abu‐Hijleh Marwan F. , Osman Mirghani , Dharap Amol S. , Ganguly Pallab K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the problem‐based learning (PBL) approach to medical education, students are expected to be trained more by applying processes of reasoning than by memorization of facts. In a PBL curriculum, as with others, it is necessary to match the assessment to the learning process. A detailed description of the testing of anatomical teaching‐learning outcomes at the Arabian Gulf University (AGU) is presented. In addition to describing the general principles and guidelines as well as the process of continuous assessment, we have given examples of the multiple‐choice questions, patient management problems, and objective‐structured practical examinations, which compose our end‐of‐unit examination and test both vertical and horizontal integration of themes. Students have the opportunity to review the examination after publication of the results. We believe that our approach to the assessment of anatomy tests effective integration of factual knowledge with the principles of problem‐solving through the different formats of the components of our examinations. Clin. Anat. 18:131–136, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple formula for the surface area of the body and a simple model for anthropometry
Authors: Reading Bruce D. , Freeman Brian 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe body surface area (BSA) of any adult, when derived from the arithmetic mean of the different values calculated from four independent accepted formulae, can be expressed accurately in Système International d'Unités (SI) units by the simple equation BSA = 1/6(WH)0.5, where W is body weight in kg, H is body height in m, and BSA is in m2. This formula, which is derived in part by modeling the body as a simple solid of revolution or a prolate spheroid (i.e., a stretched ellipsoid of revolution) gives students, teachers, and clinicians a simple rule for the rapid estimation of surface area using rational units. The formula was tested independently for human subjects by using it to predict body volume and then comparing this prediction against the actual volume measured by Archimedes' principle. Clin. Anat. 18:126–130, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical consideration of vascularized bone graft transfer from the medial calcaneus to the talus
Authors: Tanaka Y. , Omokawa S. , Ryu J. , Clovis N. , Takakura Y. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo investigate the possibility of use of the calcaneal branches of the posterior tibial artery as the pedicle for the vascularized bone graft to the talus, a detailed anatomical study was carried out on 30 fresh cadaver feet. Although there are several branches from the posterior tibial artery to the calcaneus, the largest posterior branch was defined as the main calcaneal branch. We recognized frequently a large branch nourishing the superior part of the calcaneus and named it the superior calcaneal branch. Twenty feet had the superior calcaneal branches. Pedicled bone grafts using the superior calcaneal branch to the postero‐medial portion of the talar body were possible in 18 of 20 feet. Pedicled bone grafts using the main calcaneal branches were possible in 9 of 12 feet in which the superior calcaneal branches were not available. Finally, vascularized bone grafts were judged to be feasible in 27 feet (90%). Clin. Anat. 18:115–120, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethics, transplantation, and the changing role of anatomists
Authors: Satyapal K.S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAnatomists are regarded as custodians of cadaveric material donated to science. Almost every facet of medical science has experienced explosive advances. This has impacted directly on anatomists and their role. Increasingly, anatomists are raising concerns with regard to the treatment of human tissue (Jones,2002, Clin. Anat. 15:436–440). The Körperwelten (Bodyworlds) of Günther von Hagens et al. (1987, Anat. Embryol. 175:411–421) has evoked considerable debate about the treatment of human cadavers. Thus far clinical anatomists have had little role to play in policy formulation, legislation, and ethical imperatives as applied to cadaveric donation for organ transplantation. Anatomists play an even more negligible role in the raging ethical controversy around live related/unrelated organ transplantation. Due to the critical international shortage of cadaveric donors, boundaries are being pushed to meet the needs of potential recipients (Ohler,2001, Prog. Transplant. 11:160–161). Constant reappraisal of these ethical and moral issues is therefore appropriate. Issues that relate to cultural and economic imperialism and pronouncements of international transplant societies may also require re‐evaluation. The legislature governing the donation of human tissue in various countries is usually governed by a Human Tissue Act or its equivalent. In general, such acts are congruent with the Human Tissue Act (South Africa: Government Gazette 9, November 2001; No. 22824) that states “It is an offense to charge a fee in relation to the donation of human organs.” In many countries, however, various lay press report that “the sale of body parts is now coming of age.” Terms such as “rewarded gifting” and “donors” being transformed into “vendors” are opening a Pandora's Box (Nelson et al.,1993, “Financial incentives for organ donation: a report on the UNOS ethics committee payment subcommittee”). Cameron and Hoffenberg (1999, Kidney Int. 55:724–732) feel strongly that arguments in favour of the sale of organs are sufficiently cogent to warrant further discussion. Equally disturbing is the use of executed prisoners as organ donors. In the developing world there are additional socio‐economic, indigenous and cultural, religious, and ethical issues to consider. In addition, strategies that are ethically sound and morally acceptable to expand the pool of living donors must keep pace with recent advances in medicine. A paradigm shift is required for anatomists to contribute to the international ethical debate, not only as custodians of the dead but also as protectors of the living. Their voices should be heard in transplantation and other forums, and contribute to the ethical debate as well as relevant evolving legislature. Clin. Anat. 18:150–153, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevator muscle of the tendon of latissimus dorsi muscle
Authors: Del Sol Mariano , Olave Enrique 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMuscular dispositions in the axilla acquire importance under certain surgical procedures that involve the axillary artery ligature. These supernumerary muscles make the approach to the axillary fossa and their content difficult. We dissected 108 formalized corpses from adult male individuals. The specimens belong to the topographic Anatomy Unit of the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. In all dissections, a rare and infrequent muscular variation attributed to the presence of a elevator muscle at the dorsal part of the latissimus muscle on the right upper limb from an adult individual was found. This muscle was fusiform and originated at the coracoid process by a short tendon of cylindrical form inserted in the dorsal superior part of the tendon of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Muscular belly and tendons of origin and insertion were closely related to the brachial plexus and the axillar vessels that they crossed. Clin. Anat. 18:112–114, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duplication of the occipital condyles
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Salter E. George , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis article describes an extremely rare case, encountered in the anatomy laboratory, of a skull base found to have duplication of both occipital condyles. In addition, this specimen was noted to have a large bony excrescence near the basion, a small third occipital condyle, a left paracondylar process, elongation of the right styloid process, and a bony septation of both hypoglossal canals. The embryology and clinical implications are discussed. Clin. Anat. 18:92–95, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure‐Aided Optimization of Kinase Inhibitors Derived from Alsterpaullone
Authors: Kunick Conrad , Zeng Zhihong , Gussio Rick , Zaharevitz Daniel , Leost Maryse , Totzke Frank , Schächtele Christoph , Kubbutat Michael H. G. , Meijer Laurent , Lemcke Thomas 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn order to perform computer‐aided design of novel alsterpaullone derivatives, the vicinity of the entrance to the ATP‐binding site was scanned for areas that could be useful as anchoring points for additional protein–ligand interactions. Based on the alignment of alsterpaullone in a CDK1/cyclin B homology model, substituents were attached to the 2‐position of the parent scaffold to enable contacts within the identified areas. Synthesis of the designed structures revealed three derivatives (3–5) with kinase‐inhibitory activity similar to alsterpaullone. The novel 2‐cyanoethylalsterpaullone (7) proved to be the most potent paullone described so far, exhibiting inhibitory concentrations for CDK1/ cyclin B and GSK‐3β in the picomolar range.
The Discovery of Novel Protein Kinase Inhibitors by Using Fragment‐Based High‐Throughput X‐ray Crystallography
Authors: Gill Adrian , Cleasby Anne , Jhoti Harren 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis article describes the application of a high‐throughput X‐ray crystallographic fragment‐based screening methodology to identify low‐molecular‐weight leads for structure‐based optimisation into protein kinase inhibitors. The identification of two novel p38α MAP kinase inhibitors (with IC50=65 and 150 nM) starting from low‐molecular‐weight fragments is described.