bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effiziente Überwachung von Kondensatableitern
Authors: Lambrecht Maren , Schoene Jens 
Published: December 2023

AbstractManuelle Inspektionen von Kondensatableitern sind eine bekannte Herausforderung in der Industrie. Weil sie oft auf jährliche Intervalle beschränkt sind, kann die dadurch verzögerte Fehlererkennung aufgrund signifikanter Ausfallraten von Kondensatableitern zu erheblichen Energieverlusten und unnötigen CO2‐Emissionen führen. Blockierte Kondensatableiter können wiederum Sicherheitsrisiken und Produktionsausfälle zur Folge haben. Industrie 4.0‐Technologie hat schon länger die Art und Weise revolutioniert, wie industrielle Anlagen betrieben werden. Das IIoT‐basierte System Loctite Pulse Smart Steam Trap bietet eine kontinuierliche überwachung mit deutlich reduzierter Detektionszeit.
Sicherheit durch Sichtbarkeit
Authors: Wenderoth Sarah , Schug Benedikt 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEin Indikator auf Suprapartikel‐Basis kann die Anwesenheit von Wasserstoff schnell und kostengünstig erkennbar machen. Ein zweistufiger Farbumschlag zeigt die Wasserstoffexposition oder Leckage an. Der Farbindikator wurde in der Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Fraunhofer‐Institut für Silicatforschung ISC und der Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität entwickelt.
Nanomedicine in chemistry education: Targeted drug delivery with polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Fruntke Antonia , Behnke Mira , Dietel Elisabeth , Vollrath Antje , Schubert Ulrich S. , Wilke Timm 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden zwei Versuchsreihen zum Thema Nanomedizin für die Oberstufe und Schülerlabore präsentiert. Es wird das Prinzip der „Nanocarrier“ vorgestellt, die genutzt werden können, um Wirkstoffe zielgerichtet zu Organen und infiziertem Gewebe zu transportieren. Dadurch können lokal eine höhere Wirkstoffdosis erreicht und gleichzeitig Nebenwirkungen minimiert werden. Die Versuchsreihen umfassen alle relevanten Schritte von (1) der Wahl bzw. der Synthese der Polymere über (2) die Formulierung und Beladung mit fluoreszierenden Modellsubstanzen bis zu (3) dem zielgerichteten Abbau der Nanocarrier durch Esterspaltung und der Freisetzung der Modellsubstanz. Alle Experimente können als Schülerversuche mit einfachen Geräten aus dem Schullabor innerhalb von einer Doppelstunde durchgeführt werden. Inhaltlich können die Lehrplanthemen „Nano“ und „Polymere“ ideal miteinander vernetzt und zahlreiche klassische Inhalte des Chemieunterrichts (Polymerisation, Polarität, Esterbildung, ‐spaltung, Carbonsäuren, …) anhand eines attraktiven und motivierenden Kontextes eingeführt oder gefestigt werden.
Dispersed Nickel Phosphide Cocatalyst on Nb2O5 Ultrathin Nanosheets to Boost Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Zijian , Li Mengdie , Xiao Mingjiao , Wei Yanze , Yu Ranbo , Wang Zumin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction holds great promise to solve energy shortage and global warming. Nb2O5 has demonstrated superiority in CO2 activation and selectivity regulation, but suffers from poor light absorption ability and fast carrier recombination. To tackle these problems, we designed and synthesized ultrathin Nb2O5 nanosheets which were decorated with tiny NiP nanoparticles as cocatalyst. In this way, light absorption range broadened, carrier migration distance reduced, charge transfer resistance decreased, and surface reaction kinetics promoted. Consequently, the as‐prepared NiP/Nb2O5 showed notably enhanced activity (148.7 μmol ⋅ g−1) and selectivity (82.1 %) towards CO, as well as remarkable stability. This work paves the way for cheap and earth abundant alternatives as cocatalysts and deepens the understanding of their functions in CO2 photoreduction.
Spin Polarization: A New Frontier in Efficient Photocatalysis for Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Zhang Tao , Yue Shuai , Wang Pengfei , Bao Yueping , Zhan Sihui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs a promising strategy to improve photocatalytic efficiency, spin polarization has attracted enormous attention in recent years, which could be involved in various steps of photoreaction. The Pauli repulsion principle and the spin selection rule dictate that the behavior of two electrons in a spatial eigenstate is based on their spin states, and this fact opens up a new avenue for manipulating photocatalytic efficiency. In this review, recent advances in modulating the photocatalytic activity with spin polarization are systematically summarized. Fundamental insights into the influence of spin‐polarization effects on photon absorption, carrier separation, and migration, and the behaviors of reaction‐related substances from the photon uptake to reactant desorption are highlighted and discussed in detail, and various photocatalytic applications for environmental purification and energy conversion are presented. This review is expected to deliver a timely overview of the recent developments in spin‐polarization‐modulated photocatalysis for environmental purification and energy conversion in terms of their practical applications.
General dental practitioners' fees for root canal treatment, coronal restoration and follow‐on treatment in the adult population in Sweden: A 10‐year follow‐up of data from the Swedish Dental Register
Authors: Wigsten Emma , Fransson Helena , Isberg Per‐Erik ,   EndoReCo, Dawson Victoria S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the accumulated fees connected with root filling, permanent coronal restoration and follow‐on treatment charged by Swedish dentists over a 10–11‐year follow‐up period. Furthermore, analyzing these fees with reference to the type of restoration, tooth group, and the root‐filled teeth which survived compared to those requiring extraction.Material and MethodsIn 2009, the data register of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency recorded a total of 215,611 teeth as root‐filled. The accumulated fees for each tooth encompassed the following interventions: initial root filling, coronal restorations, and follow‐up treatments during the designated period. The outcomes were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics, including t tests and one‐way analysis of variance. The fees are presented in Euros (€1 = SEK 8.94).ResultsThe total accumulated fees for root fillings amounted to 72 million Euros: the mean fee per root filled tooth was €333.6. The total mean fee over a 10–11‐year period, comprising root canal treatment, coronal restorations, and any follow‐up treatments, was €923.4. Root‐filled teeth with indirect restorations presented a higher mean fee (€1 279.3) compared to those with direct restorations (€829.4) or those without specified restorations (€832.7; p < .001). Moreover, molars presented a significantly higher mean fee (€966.4) compared to premolars (€882.8) and anterior teeth (€891.3; p < .001). Lastly, the mean fee for extracted teeth was €1225.3, which was higher compared to those who survived the follow‐up period (€848.0; p < .001).ConclusionsFees charged by general dental practitioners for root‐filled teeth accumulate over time, probably due to the need for further treatment of the tooth. The total mean fee was significantly higher for molars and root‐filled teeth with indirect restorations. However, an analysis of the total costs would require prospective clinical cost‐effectiveness studies.
Cultivar and environmental impacts on protein and mineral concentrations in peas (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Franck William , Chen Chengci , Franck Sooyoung , Mohammed Yesuf Assen , Abdelhamid Magdi T. , Miller Perry , Carr Patrick M. , Lamb Peggy , Torrion Jessica , Khan Qasim , McVay Kent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPea (Pisum sativum L.) grain contains abundant protein, starch, and minerals. However, there are obstacles to growing peas that achieve consistently high protein and mineral concentrations. Seven pea cultivars were planted at seven locations with contrasting soils and environmental factors to evaluate the genetic and environmental effects on pea yield and quality. Correlations and principal component analyses (PCA) were performed to correlate pea grain yield and protein with mineral concentrations in pea grain and soil. Significant cultivar × location interactions were observed on pea grain yield but not on pea grain protein concentration. Some cultivars demonstrated more sensitivity to the environment than others in terms of grain yield potential and stability. The lack of a cultivar × location interaction for pea grain protein concentration indicates consistent genetic control of this quality parameter. Although there was a negative relationship between pea grain yield and protein concentration at the cultivar level at each environment, this correlation became weaker while pooling the data from all environments (site‐years) due to the confounding effect from environments. Pea grain mineral concentrations were significantly affected by cultivar and location, but location generally affected the mineral levels more than cultivar. Grain mineral nutrients, especially macronutrients, were highly correlated with soil minerals. The three distinct clusters formed in the PCA indicate mega environments that determine pea grain yield and quality, and understanding the mega environments in combination with improved soil fertility management may represent the most effective means of increasing pea grain yield, protein, and targeted mineral levels.
Donor‐Acceptor Conjugated Acetylenic Polymers for High‐Performance Bifunctional Photoelectrodes
Authors: Borrelli Mino , An Yun , Querebillo Christine Joy , Morag Ahiud , Neumann Christof , Turchanin Andrey , Sun Hanjun , Kuc Agnieszka , Weidinger Inez M. , Feng Xinliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to the drastic required thermodynamical requirements, a photoelectrode material that can function as both a photocathode and a photoanode remains elusive. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that, under simulated solar light and without co‐catalysts, donor‐acceptor conjugated acetylenic polymers (CAPs) exhibit both impressive oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution (HER) photocurrents in alkaline and neutral medium, respectively. In particular, poly(2,4,6‐tris(4‐ethynylphenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine) (pTET) provides a benchmark OER photocurrent density of ~200 μA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at pH 13 and a remarkable HER photocurrent density of ~190 μA cm−2 at 0.3 V vs. RHE at pH 6.8. By combining theoretical investigations and electrochemical‐operando Resonance Raman spectroscopy, we show that the OER proceeds with two different mechanisms, with the electron‐depleted triple bonds acting as single‐site OER in combination with the C4‐C5 atoms of the phenyl rings as dual sites. The HER, instead, occurs via an electron transfer from the tri‐acetylenic linkages to the triazine rings, which act as the HER active sites. This work represents a novel application of organic‐based materials and contributes to the development of high‐performance photoelectrochemical catalysts for the solar fuels’ generation.
Elevated Id2 expression causes defective meiosis and spermatogenesis in mice
Authors: He Zhen , Yan Rong‐Ge , Shang Qin‐Bang , Yang Qi‐En 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundInhibitors of DNA binding (ID) proteins mainly inhibit gene expression and regulate cell fate decisions by interacting with E‐proteins. All four ID proteins (ID1–4) are present in the testis, and ID4 has a particularly important role in spermatogonial stem cell fate determination. Several lines of evidence indicate that ID proteins are involved in meiosis; however, functional experiments have not been conducted to validate this observation.ResultsIn this study, we report that ID2 is enriched in spermatocytes and that forced ID2 expression in germ cells causes defects in spermatogenesis. A detailed analysis demonstrated that Id2 overexpression (Id2 OE) decreased the total number of spermatogonia and changed the dynamics of meiosis progression. Specifically, spermatocytes were enriched in the zygotene stage, and the proportion of pachytene spermatocytes was significantly decreased, indicating defects in the zygotene–pachytene transition. The number of MLH1‐positive foci per cell was decreased in pachytene spermatocytes from Id2 OE testes, suggesting abnormalities in recombination. Transcriptome analysis revealed that forced Id2 expression changed the expression of a list of genes mainly associated with meiosis and spermatid development.ConclusionsID2 protein is expressed in spermatocytes, and its genetic ablation in the germline does not affect spermatogenesis, likely due to genetic compensation of its family members. However, forced Id2 expression changes meiosis progression and causes defects in spermiogenesis. These data provide important evidence that ID proteins play pivotal roles in male meiosis and spermatid development.
Rectal sensitivity correlated with gastrointestinal‐mediated glucose disposal, but not the incretin effect
Authors: Meling Sondre , Tjora Erling , Eichele Heike , Nedergaard Rasmus B. , Knop Filip K. , Ejskjaer Niels , Carlsen Siri , Njølstad Pål R. , Brock Christina , Søfteland Eirik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe mechanisms behind the diminished incretin effect in type 2 diabetes are uncertain, but impaired vagal transmission has been suggested. We aimed to investigate the association between the incretin effect and autonomic neuropathy, and the degree of dysglycaemia and duration of diabetes.Design and MethodsFor a cross‐sectional study, we included participants with either longstanding type 2 diabetes, recent onset, untreated diabetes and controls without diabetes matched for age, sex and body mass index. Autonomic nerve function was assessed with cardiovascular reflex tests, heart rate variability and sudomotor function. Visceral afferent nerves in the gut were tested performing rapid rectal balloon distention. An oral glucose tolerance test and an intravenous isoglycaemic glucose infusion were performed to calculate the incretin effect and gastrointestinal‐mediated glucose disposal (GIGD).ResultsSixty‐five participants were recruited. Participants with diabetes had rectal hyposensitivity for earliest sensation (3.7 ± 1.1 kPa in longstanding, 4.0 ± 1.3 in early), compared to controls (3.0 ± 0.9 kPa), p = .005. Rectal hyposensitivity for earliest sensation was not associated with the incretin effect (rho = −0.204, p = .106), but an association was found with GIGD (rho −0.341, p = .005). Incretin effect and GIGD were correlated with all glucose values, HbA1c and duration of diabetes.ConclusionsRectal hyposensitivity was uncovered in both longstanding and early type 2 diabetes, and was not associated with the incretin effect, but with GIGD, implying a potential link between visceral neuropathy and gastrointestinal handling of glucose. Both the incretin effect and GIGD were associated with the degree of dysglycaemia and the duration of diabetes.Previously PublishedSome of the data have previously been published and presented as a poster on the American Diabetes Association 83rd Scientific Sessions: Meling et al; 1658‐P: Rectal Hyposensitivity, a Potential Marker of Enteric Autonomic Nerve Dysfunction, Is Significantly Associated with Gastrointestinally Mediated Glucose Disposal in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 20 June 2023; 72 (Supplement_1): 1658–P. https://doi.org/10.2337/db23‐1658‐P.
European Society of Cardiology guidelines and 1 year outcomes of acute heart failure treatment in Central Asia and Europe
Authors: Abdurashidova Tamila , Müller Martin , Schukraft Sara , Soborun Nisha , Pitta‐Gros Barbara , Kikoïne John , Lu Henri , Chazymova Zalina , Dzhorupbekova Kanzaada , Beishenkulov Medet , Tzimas Georgios , Kirsch Matthias , Vollenweider Peter , Mean Marie , Monney Pierre , Hullin Roger 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsOutcomes reported for patients with hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF) treatment vary worldwide. Ethnicity‐associated characteristics may explain this observation. This observational study compares characteristics and 1‐year outcomes of Kyrgyz and Swiss AHF patients against the background of European Society of Cardiology guidelines‐based cardiovascular care established in both countries.Methods and resultsThe primary endpoint was 1 year all‐cause mortality (ACM); the secondary endpoint was 1 year ACM or HF‐related rehospitalization. A total of 538 Kyrgyz and 537 Swiss AHF patients were included. Kyrgyz patients were younger (64.0 vs. 83.0 years, P < 0.001); ischaemic or rheumatic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were more prevalent (always P < 0.001). In Swiss patients, smoking, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and atrial flutter/fibrillation were more frequent (always P ≤ 0.035); moreover, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was higher (47% vs. 36%; P < 0.001), and >mild aortic stenosis was more prevalent (P < 0.001). Other valvular pathologies were more prevalent in Kyrgyz patients (P < 0.001). At discharge, more Swiss patients were on vasodilatory treatment (P < 0.006), while mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (P = 0.001), beta‐blockers (P = 0.001), or loop diuretics (P < 0.001) were less often prescribed. In Kyrgyz patients, unadjusted odds for the primary and secondary endpoints were lower [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.90, P = 0.008; OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56–0.91, P = 0.006, respectively]. After adjustment for age and LVEF, no difference remained (primary endpoint: OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.71–1.49, P = 0.894; secondary endpoint: OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.60–1.12, P = 0.206).ConclusionsOn the background of identical guidelines, age‐ and LVEF‐adjusted outcomes were not different between Central Asian and Western European AHF patients despite of large ethnical disparity.
Prostaglandin E₂ impacts multiple stages of the natural killer cell antitumor immune response
Authors: Patterson Chloe , Hazime Khodor S. , Zelenay Santiago , Davis Daniel M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTumor immune escape is a major factor contributing to cancer progression and unresponsiveness to cancer therapies. Tumors can produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an inflammatory mediator that directly acts on Natural killer (NK) cells to inhibit antitumor immunity. However, precisely how PGE2 influences NK cell tumor‐restraining functions remains unclear. Here, we report that following PGE₂ treatment, human NK cells exhibited altered expression of specific activating receptors and a reduced ability to degranulate and kill cancer targets. Transcriptional analysis uncovered that PGE₂ also differentially modulated the expression of chemokine receptors by NK cells, inhibiting CXCR3 but increasing CXCR4. Consistent with this, PGE₂‐treated NK cells exhibited decreased migration to CXCL10 but increased ability to migrate toward CXCL12. Using live cell imaging, we showed that in the presence of PGE2, NK cells were slower and less likely to kill cancer target cells following conjugation. Imaging the sequential stages of NK cell killing revealed that PGE₂ impaired NK cell polarization, but not the re‐organization of synaptic actin or the release of perforin itself. Together, these findings demonstrate that PGE₂ affects multiple but select NK cell functions. Understanding how cancer cells subvert NK cells is necessary to more effectively harness the cancer‐inhibitory function of NK cells in treatments.
Bridging upstream and downstream for improved adenovirus 5 bioprocess
Authors: Petrović Koshmak Ivana , Jug Hana , Vrabec Katja , Mavri Ana , Novak Valentina , Dekleva Petra , Fujs Veronika , Leskovec Maja , Štrancar Aleš 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdenoviruses are well‐known viral vectors that have been previously used in gene therapy and as a vaccine‐delivery vehicle for humans and animals. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, it gained renewed attention, but at the same time, it raised concerns due to side effects observed with some of the resulting vaccines administered to patients. It has been indicated that these side effects might be attributed to impurities present in the final product. Therefore, constant enhancement of the vaccine purity and further improvement of impurity detection methods are needed. In this work, we showcase an example of industry‐relevant adenovirus bioprocess optimization. Our data show the effect of upstream parameters on the bioburden introduced to the downstream process. We provide an example of process optimization using a combination of the PATfix analytical method, ddPCR, infectivity, total DNA, and total protein analyses to optimize cell density, multiplicity of infection, and length of production. Additionally, we provide data illustrating the robustness of the convective interaction media quaternary amine monolithic chromatography step. This anion exchange strategy was shown to remove over 99% of protein and DNA impurities, including those unable to be addressed by tangential flow filtration, while maintaining high adenovirus recoveries.
Optimization of spicy red pepper paste (Awaze) formulation by D‐optimal mixture design
Authors: Kefale Biadge , Delele Mulugeta Admasu , Fanta Solomon Workneh , Abate Solomon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to produce spicy red pepper paste (Awaze) by addition of various sources of antioxidant, mineral, and fiber and optimize better processing methods of the paste. For this purpose, D‐optimal mixture design was used, Awaze considering color value (a*), antioxidant content, mineral content, fiber content, chewiness, and viscosity of the paste as the main parameters. Various properties of the optimized formulation were evaluated. The optimal formulation contained 65.66% red pepper, 10% garlic, 19.08% red onion, and 5.25% ginger. In the optimized formulation, the redness value (a*) increased by more than 3.12 times compared to the control with the average antioxidant activity (44.6%). The optimal formulation had a higher fiber content, chewiness, and viscosity value compared to control which is probably related to the ingredient proportion difference. Due to the higher nutritional and processing quality obtained, this formulation can be suggested for commercial and household producers as a guide to manufacture Awaze. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to production of Awaze with high nutritional value and improved processing quality by utilizing a blend of red pepper, garlic, red onion, and ginger. Therefore, this formulation stands as a viable recommendation for both commercial enterprises and household producers due to its demonstrated ability to yield Awaze with enhanced nutritional content and superior processing quality.