bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choroidal thickness in thyroid eye disease and its correlation with disease activity
Authors: Muralidhar Alankrita , Singh Shalini , Das Sima , Mondal Kheyali , Kumar Brajesh , Agarwal Manisha , Majumdar Atanu 
Published: December 2023

Context:
This study adds to the existing body of literature on the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in active thyroid eye disease (TED) among the Indian population.

Purpose:
Comparison of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in active and inactive TED.

Settings and Design:
An observational, cross-sectional analytical study conducted at a tertiary eye care hospital in North India that included patients with active and inactive TED.

Methods:
Demographic details and clinical evaluation were performed for all TED patients. SFCT was determined with OCT by using the Cirrus linear measurement tool. CVI was calculated using Image J software. The SFCT and CVI measurements were compared between both groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Comparison between active and inactive TED groups was done using Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric data and Student t test for parametric data. Multivariate regression analysis was performed with SFCT and CVI as dependent variables.

Results:
Sixty-two eyes of 31 patients were included. Thirteen eyes had active TED, and 49 eyes had inactive TED. SFCT was significantly lower in eyes with higher clinical activity score (CAS) and older age. No significant difference was found in CVI between active and inactive TED eyes.

Conclusion:
SFCT was lower in eyes with higher CAS and older age. Our findings differ from previous studies, which showed a positive correlation between SFCT and CAS. There was no significant difference in CVI between active and inactive TED eyes.
A Case of Hidradenitis Suppurativa with Plaque Morphea: Association or Chance?
Authors: Sharmeen Ayesha , Adil Mohammad , Amin Syed S , Rehman Suhailur 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the apocrine glands characterized clinically by recurrent nodules, abscesses, and discharging sinuses which heal with a bridge or rope-like scars in the axilla, groin, and perineum. HS is seen to be associated with several other autoimmune and pilosebaceous structural disorders. We present the case of a 50-year-old obese female, known case of HS for 3 years who developed hyperpigmented indurated plaques over the breasts for the past 1 year. Histopathology from the plaques showed thickened and homogenized collagen bundles. A diagnosis of plaque morphea was made based on the clinical and histopathological findings. There are few case reports of HS associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome, and systemic vasculitis. We discuss the shared pathogenesis of HS and CTDs which may have led to morphea developing in our patient.
Screening for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Based on Pattern of Patch Test Results: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alshamrani Hussein M. , Alhothali Omar S. , Alyemani Rawan M. , Basendwh Mohammad A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Contact allergies are associated with morbidity worldwide.

Purpose:
To investigate the patterns of sensitization to contact allergens in a local population.

Methods:
A retrospective study investigated patch test reactivity among patients with a clinical diagnosis of contact dermatitis referred to the dermatology clinic at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, between January 2021 and January 2023. Pregnant women, immunosuppressed patients, and those receiving immunosuppressive therapy were excluded. Only 92 of 101 referred patients underwent patch testing after fulfilling requirements. The patch test was performed using a Thin-layer Rapid-Use Epicutaneous patch test containing 35 contact allergenic elements and one control (total = 36).

Results:
Among 92 patients, 35 (38%) were males, and 57 (62%) were females. Of these, 62 (67.4%) patients had a positive patch test and reacted to one or more allergens. The most common sensitizing allergens were p-phenylenediamine (PPD), gold sodium thiosulfate, and disperse blue 106, with equal positive reactions in 16 (25.8%) patients, followed by nickel sulfate in 13 (21%), p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin in eight (13%), fragrance mix in 7 (10.8%), and epoxy resin in six (9.2%) patients. No significant sex differences were found among patients with contact dermatitis where notable patch test allergen reactivity was observed.

Conclusion:
Patch test reactivity to PPD, gold sodium thiosulfate, and disperse blue 106 was high. The pattern of contact allergy observed here highlights the need for large-scale investigations to identify local allergens for contact allergy and formulate policies for avoiding exposure.
Variations of the Ala-Tragal Plane to Occlusal Plane in Three Different Skeletal Jaw Relations in Dentate Subjects Using Digital Cephalometric Analysis an In vivo Study
Authors: Mohammad Fahad , Shetty Rajesh , Chadha Reema , Shetty Mallika S. , Shetty Naresh , Moureen Ayisha 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Orientation of the occlusal plane (OP) is one of the most important factors that help us in the development of occlusion. Developing an occlusion that is compatible with the functional movements of the stomatognathic system is one of the key factors in determining the prognosis of a completely edentulous patient.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the variations of the ala-tragal (AT) plane to OP in three different skeletal jaw relations in dentate subjects using digital cephalometric analysis.

Settings and Design:
A total of 60 subjects (20 belonging to each, Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal jaw relations) were selected for this study among the patients and students.

Methodology:
The subjects were classified into one of the three skeletal jaw relations based on selection criteria.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The value obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance test and post
hoc test of Bonferroni.

Results:
Study indicates that in Class I and Class III skeletal jaw relations, a line drawn from the lower border of ala of the nose to the inferior position of the tragus was found to be relatively parallel to the OP and, in Class II skeletal jaw relation, a line drawn from the lower border of ala of nose to middle border of tragus was found to be relatively parallel to the OP.

Conclusions:
AT line may be used as a posterior plane of reference when it is combined with other methods for determining the OP.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY
Definitive relative parallelism of occlusal plane to ala-tragal plane is accurate when obtained digitally than mere visual perception. Occlusion plays a key role in any fixed prosthesis or single tooth restorations including post and core as well as maintaining the periodontal health and thereby maintaining harmony in the stomatognathic system.
Creeping Attachment-aided Root Coverage with Free Gingival Graft in the Esthetic Zone
Authors: Arun Ramya , Sevugan Rajkumar 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Free gingival grafts (FGGs) are considered to be one of the most predictable procedures for increasing keratinized tissue width (KTW) in spite of shortcomings such as color mismatch and second surgical site morbidity. As the primary purpose of FGG is to increase KTW, root coverage is not deemed to be its tangible objective. Yet, it may be achieved on narrow recessions, especially by a distinct healing process known as creeping attachment (CA). The present case report aims at establishing the efficacy of FGG in gingival augmentation and CA after 6 months in the mandibular anterior region.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY
The presence or absence of keratinized tissue plays an important role in controlling the inflammatory process, especially in patients with malocclusion or in patients who are undergoing orthodontic, prosthetic, or restorative treatment where oral hygiene maintenance is difficult. Free gingival graft is one among the procedures, which aims at increasing the width of keratinized tissue, and sometimes, root coverage can be achieved with the help of a phenomenon known as creeping attachment, especially in the mandibular anterior region.
Clinical Evaluation of Class I Posterior Restorations Restored with Smart Dentin Replacement Flowable Bulk-fill Composite Material in Bulk-fill and Incremental Technique – One-year Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mungara Niharika , Sannapureddy Swapna , Suneelkumar Chinni , Anumula Lavanya , Nelapati Haritha , Govula Kiranmayi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:
The aim and objective of this in vivo study are to evaluate the clinical performance of smart dentin replacement (SDR) flowable bulk-fill composite in class I restorations with incremental technique and bulk-fill technique.

Materials and Methods
Fifty patients with at least two class 1 cavities in the age group of 18–40 years were recruited. In all cavities, Xeno Vplus self-etch adhesive was applied. In one of the cavities, SDR was placed in bulk increments up to 4 mm as needed to fill the cavity 2-mm short of the occlusal surface. The occlusal part was placed with SureFil nanohybrid composite, and the other cavity was placed by incremental technique. The restorations were evaluated using FDI criteria.

Results:
Data were subjected to statistical analysis and analyzed using Chi-square test. After 1 year, all restorations received clinically excellent and clinically good scorings for each criterion.

Conclusion:
There is no statistically significant difference between the bulk-fill technique and the incremental technique using SDR after 1-year follow-up.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY
The smart dentin replacement bulk-fill resin composites demonstrated good clinical durability as equal as conventional composites. It provides an advantage of less clinical time for placement in deep posterior cavities.
Evaluation of Efficacy of 4% Ocimum sanctum Gel in the Management of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Thomas Raison , Arya Kanchan , Shah Rucha , Pooja N 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The present experimental study was performed with the aim of assessing the efficacy of Ocimum sanctum (OS) gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the management of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentration of OS on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacteria nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was carried out as a pilot study. Further, a total of 60 patients (mean age of 34.5 ± 8.3 years) were enrolled in this study (n = 30 in each group). In the control group (A), Phase I periodontal therapy was performed, whereas in the test group (B), 4% OS gel was inserted into the pockets at baseline after the same. The clinical parameters recorded included plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline and after 45 days.

Results:
The results obtained by in vivo assessment following the placement of 4% OS gel demonstrated that the mean PI score at baseline was 2.29 ± 0.21, which was reduced to 0.97 ± 0.293 at the 45th day (P = 0.001) for Group A, whereas it was 2.18 ± 0.22, which was reduced to 1.46 ± 0.29 at the 45th day (P = 0.001) for Group B. The mean Modified Sulcular Bleeding Index score at baseline was 3.56 ± 0.77, which was reduced to 1.55 ± 0.62 at the 45th day after local drug delivery of OS gel for Group A, whereas it was 3.08 ± 0.69, which was reduced to 1.45 ± 0.51 at the 45th day (P < 0.001). The difference between Group A and Group B was statistically not significant (P > 0.05). The mean probing depth at baseline was 8.07 ± 1.60, which was reduced to 4.83 ± 1.38 for Group A (P < 0.001), whereas it was 7.50 ± 1.63 at baseline and 5.68 ± 1.29 at the 45th day for Group B (P < 0.001). The mean clinical attachment level at baseline was 4.26 ± 1.02, which was reduced to 2.78 ± 0.84 for Group A at the 45th day (P < 0.001), whereas it was 4.05 ± 1.08 at baseline and 3.27 ± 0.97at the 45th day for Group B (P < 0.001). The difference between Group A and Group B was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
The subgingival delivery of 4% OS gel can be used as an adjunct to SRP for superior clinical outcomes in chronic periodontitis cases as compared to SRP alone.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY
This study emphasizes the anti-inflammatory role of Ocimum sanctum in nonsurgical management of periodontal infection which need to be tackled before any other procedures of orthodontics, prosthetic or restorative dentistry.
Application of Real-time Submental Ultrasonography to Assess Swallowing
Authors: Liao Li-Jen , Tung Yung-Hsin , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Hsu Wan-Lun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Speech and swallowing dysfunction are common problems in head-and-neck cancer (HNC) survivors. Ultrasound (US) is a good method to assess suprahyoid muscles and hyoid bone movement, and it can provide valuable information on swallowing. The aims of this study were to measure the biometry of the supraglottic muscles and hyoid bone movement during swallowing and elucidate the application of real-time US for assessing swallowing dysfunction.

Methods:
We collected data from HNC and thyroid cancer patients with dysphagia symptoms and healthy controls without a history of cancer or dysphagia symptoms for comparison. Real-time submental US was used to check the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, geniohyoid (GH) muscles, and hyoid bone movement during swallowing. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore significant US predictors of dysphagia. Based on the regression coefficients of independent variables, we established the nomogram prediction model for dysphagia.

Results:
There were significant differences in GH size at contraction, GH size increase percentage, GH length at rest, GH length increase percentage, anterior displacement of the hyoid bone and superior displacement of the hyoid bone between the cancer survivors with dysphagia and volunteers without dysphagia. In multivariate logistic analysis, after adjusting for sex and age, the proportion of GH length contraction <22% (odds ratio [OR]: 6.8 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–42.6) and hyoid bone superior displacement <3.3 mm (OR: 10.7, 1.8–64.1) were associated with a higher risk of dysphagia (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
We confirmed that GH muscle and hyoid bone movement are important for normal swallowing function. US is a good method to assess the suprahyoid muscles and hyoid bone movement, which could provide valuable information on swallowing.
Hepatic Sarcoidosis: Lesson Based on a Case Report
Authors: Farina Renato , Clemenza Mariangela , Borzì Santo Riccardo , Basile Antonio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology that can involve lungs, abdominal organs, and lymph nodes. The incidence of sarcoidosis is highest between the ages of 20 and 40 years, and it affects both sexes equally. The most frequent localization is in the lungs, and about half of the affected patients are generally asymptomatic but can involve in small percentages of various other parts such as the biliary tract, pancreas, stomach, and urinary tract. Hepatic and splenic localization is infrequent, and lesions are often mistaken for metastases due to their morphologic similarity. The histological lesion of sarcoidosis is a noncaseous granuloma always associated with high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and, in a significant percentage of cases (35%–40%), liver enzyme alteration. The pathological evolution of granulomas is fibrosis, and the most severe cases of hepatic sarcoidosis can develop into cirrhosis or portal hypertension. Imaging is essential for lesion localization and is represented by ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/CT. The differential diagnosis is very difficult and is almost always histological. We describe a case of hepatic sarcoidosis in an asymptomatic patient with elevated liver enzymes.
A systemic review on Ayurvedic and modern pharmacology of Strychnos potatorum Linn. to determine its therapeutic potential
Authors: Sharma Neeru , Yadav Yadevendra , Sharma Khem Chand 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
A large variety of medicinal plants have been documented in Ayurveda. Some of them are extinct or near to extinct. Seeds of Strychnos potatorum Linn. (SPLs) are known as Kataka. It is used for medicinal as well as a clarifying agent for water and self-generated alcohol. However, in the Ayurvedic compendium, very few formulations are written. Its two synonyms viz., Chakshushya (improve eyesight) and Nirmali (remove redness and other discoloration, also a clarifying agent for muddy water) is based on its therapeutic uses in ophthalmological disorders in the form of Anjana (collyrium). It has several bioactive compounds chiefly indole, alkaloids besides iridoid, glycosides, terpenoids, Polysaccharide, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Various in vitro experiments show that it has more therapeutic values than documented in the classical text. None of the study proves that it has toxic or harmful effects on the body. In this paper, a summarized compilation of traditional therapeutic and preclinical and clinical studies showed promising results for their application in a variety of disorders.Various classical books are reviewed with word Kataka, Anjana, Chakshusya, and Nirmali to describe the pharmacological action of Kataka in Ayurvedic compendium. Word-by-word searching methodology was adopted in texts review and some online research paper is also included. Psychopharmacological and pharmacological researches reveal that SPLs has Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Anti-allergic, Anti-diabetic, Hepatoprotective, and Mucoprotective properties.
Reported ADRs of efavirenz-based antiretroviral drugs among outpatients attending sexually transmitted infections clinic in a tertiary health facility in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Tukur Umar Muhammad , Isah Balarabe Adamu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a major public health challenge and account for 8.4% of hospital admissions and are poorly reported. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized treatment approach to HIV-AIDs patients. Efavirenz plays a critical role in the treatment of HIV as part of HAART first-line regimen. It has a narrow therapeutic window with a significant between subjects’ variability. The type of regimen used in the management of HIV-positive patients determines the nature, time, and duration of ADRs. The incidence of these adverse effects could be as high as 50% in some cases and may warrant the discontinuation of the drug-based regimen which reverses the success recorded with grave consequences.

METHODOLOGY:
It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Both antiretroviral-naïve and experienced participants were enrolled in the study selected by convenience from patients attending the sexually transmitted infections clinic in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. All were 18 years and above diagnosed with HIV. The Naranjo algorithm was used to determine the causality of the ADRs. The data were generated through a semistructured validated questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences IBM* version 25, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA, 2017 (SPSS version 25).

RESULTS:
Up to 51.3%of all the participants had an episode at least one adverse drug event and majority were female (70.7%). Sleep disturbances and dizziness were the most cited adverse events 67.6%. No severe reactions were reported.

CONCLUSION:
The efavirenz-based combination regimen remained responsive among the HIV patients.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to chronic use of paracetamol in a geriatric patient
Authors: Pandya Tejas Rajendrakuamr , Gupta Sapna D. , Rana Devang A. , Malhotra Supriya Deepak 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) are a class of drugs commonly used for pain relief and reduction of inflammation.While they are generally considered safe and effective, they are also associated with gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events.The risk of these complications are increased in individuals with certain risk factors, such as older age (>65 years), a history of complicated peptic ulcers. The type and dose of NSAIDs used can also affect the relative risk of GI complications.Here we report a case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient taking paracetamol for tree months. Although mortality rates associated with GI complications from NSAIDs use have decreased. Therefore, individuals taking NSAIDs should be aware of the potential risks and take precautions to minimize their likelihood of experiencing these adverse events. Paracetamol is a commonly used pain reliever and an antipyretic. It is available over-the-counter and by prescription. It is generally considered safe when taken as directed.
A questionnaire-based survey on resident doctors regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice of oxygen therapy at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Mathai Jeenu M. , Chandaliya K. C. , Deshmukh J. B. , Parsode R. B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:
Oxygen is listed as a core item on the World Health Organization model of essential medicines. Poor knowledge of using oxygen therapy in critical situations could deteriorate patient’s condition and outcome.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES:
The aim is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of oxygen therapy among resident doctors in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional prevalidated, questionnaire-based study was employed after ethics committee approval. The sample size was calculated using Epi Info version 7, and simple random sampling was done. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences trial version 25.

RESULTS:
Out of 96 residents, 59.4% of residents were from clinical and 40.6% were from nonclinical departments. Nonclinical residents (94.8%) had better knowledge than clinical residents (91.2%). More than three-fourth of residents showed a good attitude toward the practice of humidification to prevent dryness and maintain the prescribed SpO2 range for severe lung disease patients. Majority of the residents had good practice in administering oxygen therapy. About 47.9% of residents read oxygen therapy guidelines, and only 13.5% attended training on oxygen therapy.

CONCLUSION:
In this study, majority of the residents had good KAP of oxygen therapy. Formal training of resident doctors on oxygen therapy was poor. Any gap in KAP of oxygen therapy can affect patient’s safety. Extensive educational and training programs on oxygen therapy should be encouraged to raise awareness among health-care providers.