bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 31 Association of Hippocampal Volume with Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning in a Diverse Sample
Authors: Kaser Alyssa N , Longoria Anthony J , Winiarski Holly R , Schaffert Jeffrey , Denney David A , Lacritz Laura H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Individuals with subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and reduced hippocampal volumes (HV) may be at increased risk of future cognitive decline, though findings regarding the relationship between SCCs and HV have been mixed. The current study explores the association of HV with SCCs and objective cognitive performance in a diverse sample.

Method
Participants in a population-based cardiovascular risk study (N = 1754; MAge = 58.8, 59% Female, 50% Black, 10% Hispanic) responded to three subjective cognitive functioning questions prior to completing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): 1) Do you have consistent memory problems, 2) If YES, do they interfere with everyday activities, and 3) do you have trouble figuring things out/solving problems. HV were derived from a 3-tesla MRI and normalized using total intracranial volume. Partial correlations examined associations between HV, MoCA scores, and SCCs, while one-way ANCOVA compared HV by SCC endorsement pattern, controlling for demographics.

Results
Findings revealed smaller HV in those who endorsed all SCC questions (n = 27; MHV =0.34) compared to those without any SCC (n = 631, MHV = 0.36, p = 0.001), though effect size was small (η2 = 0.015). HV were not correlated with SCCs (r = −0.06, p = 0.10) or cognitive performance (r = 0.01, p = 0.75), and SCCs had a small correlation with MoCA scores (r = −0.18, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Subjective cognitive functioning was minimally associated with HV and cognitive performance in this sample, and as a result the clinical significance of these findings is unclear. Further research is needed to understand the possible neuroanatomical correlates of SCC, along with the predictive utility of SCCs in the early identification of cognitive decline.
B - 32 Grief in Neuropsychological Assessment among Culturally Diverse Middle-Old Older Adults
Authors: Katsman Kseniya , Bender Heidi A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Bereavement, exacerbated by losses stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, contributes to high rates of grief and associated mood disturbances among older adults, potentially impacting neurocognition. Middle-old cohorts (ages 75–84) are particularly vulnerable, due to elevated levels of baseline depression, complicated grief, and perceived lower quality of life. The contributory role of grief and culturally-relevant manifestations of bereavement should be carefully considered as potential confounds or performance contributors.

Method
Four cases seen for neuropsychological assessment in the Department of Neurological Surgery: A 75-year-old bilingual (Russian, English) patient with a meningioma who noticed cognitive changes following spouse’s death from COVID-19; A 77-year-old monolingual (English) patient with Parkinson’s disease undergoing a pre-surgical work-up prior to Deep Brain Stimulator insertion. Mood reportedly worsened sharply since spouse’s recent death; An 81-year-old monolingual (Cantonese) patient undergoing a pre-surgical work-up prior to DBS insertion. Shared grieving the recent death of younger sibling from COVID-19; An 84-year-old, monolingual (English) patient who was evaluated due to longstanding cognitive challenges in the context of cerebrovascular disease (monitored by Neurological Surgery). Cognitive deficits reportedly precipitously worsened following spouse’s death.

Results
While levels of neurocognitive and adaptive dysfunction varied, mood disturbance and affective distress likely reduced engagement in the testing process. Reluctance to disclose depressive and anxious symptomatology on questionnaires as a function of culture was noted. Thorough, culturally-sensitive, clinical interviewing and metrics are needed to elicit nuanced information.

Conclusions
Grief and associated mood disturbances are to be prioritized and carefully considered in the evaluation and treatment plan with middle-old older adults.
B - 34 Depression and Cognition in a Mexican Adolescent Population
Authors: Lopez Hernandez Daniel W , Curiel Mariam Gomez , Munoz Isabel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We evaluated the influence of depression on cognition in a healthy Mexican Spanish speaking population.

Methods
The sample consisted of 41 Mexican adolescents all residing in Mexico with a mean age of 18.59 (SD = 0.50). They were divided into two depression groups: normal symptoms of depression (NSD; n = 26) and abnormal symptoms of depression (ASD; n = 15). Participants completed the Word Accentuation Test, all the subtests of the Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Boston Naming Test, Phonemic Fluency Test (i.e., FAS), Semantic Fluency Test, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure, and all the subtests of the Digit Span in Spanish. Additionally, participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Spanish to report their current level of depression. Independent Sample T-tests were used to examine cognition performance. We used a threshold of p &lt; 0.05 for statistical significance.

Results
Results revealed the NSD group outperformed the ASD group on the SCWT-Color, Phonemic Fluency Test, Semantic Fluency Test, Boston Naming Test, and Digit Span backwards tasks, p’s &lt; 0.05.

Conclusions
As expected, the NSD group demonstrated better cognitive abilities compared to the ASD group. Our data suggests that the current level of depression had a significant influence on cognitive abilities in an adolescent Spanish speaking population. Future studies with larger sample size should evaluate if current symptoms of depression influence non-verbal cognitive abilities in a Spanish speaking Mexican population. More research that evaluates both verbal and non-verbal abilities will help researchers and clinicians determine if current level of depression influences Spanish speaking adolescents’ cognition.
B - 37 Cognitive Aging in Rural Communities: Preliminary Characterization of Memory in a Community Cohort from Southern Nevada
Authors: Miller Justin , Wong Christina , Rodrigues Jessica , Pudumjee Shehroo , Caldwell Jessica K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Rural-dwelling older adults face unique health challenges that may increase risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; however, they are severely underrepresented in aging research. Here we present an initial characterization of memory functioning in a prospectively followed rural community cohort, with comparisons to an urban cohort from the same region.

Methods
Community-dwelling adults over age 50 currently living in a non-metropolitan area are eligible for enrollment. Clinical characterization includes the NACC Uniform Data Set supplemented with additional verbal list learning and nonverbal memory measures. Primary comparisons explored group differences between urban and rural-dwellers, stratified by cognitive diagnosis. The influence of neighborhood disadvantage on memory was also assessed.

Results
There were no differences in demographics or overall clinical status between the rural (n = 81) and urban samples (n = 129). Approximately half of each sample was cognitively normal. Differences in verbal memory were found for learning (d = 0.45), recall (d = 0.48), and recognition such that rural-dwelling older adults demonstrated a memory advantage relative to urban-dwelling adults; however, the magnitude of impairment within each cohort was larger among rural-dwelling older adults (d = 1.65–2.06) compared to urban-dwelling adults (d = 0.8–1.45). No differences in nonverbal memory were found, and there were no effects of neighborhood disadvantage on any memory measure.

Conclusions
Although rural living may increase risk for dementia, we found a small to moderate memory advantage for rural-dwellers. Taken together, our findings suggest that late-life rural living in this geographical region is not necessarily associated with an increased burden of memory impairment, and could actually be protective for some individuals.
B - 38 Cognitive and Motor Functioning of Black and Asian Stroke Patients Admitted to Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities across the United States
Authors: Nakayama Kayla K , Garcia Stephanie , Landazuri Tommy , Meninno Rachael , García James J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To examine racial and ethnic differences in cognition and motor skills post-stroke in Asian and Black patients at admission and discharge.

Method
Participants were Asian (N = 5659), Black (N = 51,909), and non-Asian/non-Black stroke patients (N = 174,679) admitted to inpatient rehabilitation facilities across the United States. Patient functionality was assessed via the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Age at admission, admission year, sex, marital status, insurance type, and length of stay were included as covariates.

Results
Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that at admission, Asian and African American stroke patients were associated with reduced cognitive and motor functioning compared to non-Asian/non-Black stroke patients (β’s ranged from = −0.020 to −0.032 for both groups; all p’s &lt; 0.001). Upon discharge, Asian and Black stroke patients were associated with lower cognitive and motor functioning compared to non-Asian/non-Black stroke patients (β’s ranged from = −0.012 to −0.052) for both groups; all p’s &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
In an inpatient sample of stroke patients, findings showed race/ethnicity was associated with lower cognitive and motor functioning across at admission and discharge. These data may provide evidence on the role of social determinants of stroke health (Skolarus, 2020) for Asian and Black patients in the inpatient rehabilitation context. Implications for the assessment and practice of Clinical Neuropsychologists working in these settings with Asian and Black stroke patients are discussed.
B - 39 Normative Data for a Waranka Indigenous Population of Ecuador: the Importance of Using Data Culturally Appropriate
Authors: Olabarrieta-Landa Laiene , Bosquez María José Fierro , Carlos E , Zapata B , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos , Rivera Diego 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To generate normative data for Waranka indigenous population in a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.

Method
400 healthy children from Guaranda-Ecuador were evaluated. Inclusion criteria were: IQ ≥ 80 on the Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence-2, & a score of &lt;19 on the Children’s Depression Inventory. 54.5% were girls with an average age of 11.1 ± 3.2 years and mean parental education (MPE) of 8.1 ± 3.3. The battery was composed of 19-test-scores and were normed (subsample = 306) using multiple linear regressions (MLR) and standard deviation of residual values. Age, age2, sex, MPE and interactions were included as predictors. Best model method was used for variable selection, where 2^p combinations of p covariates were potentially related with each test-score. Four step analyses were used to generate norms: 1-the predictive value was obtained, 2-the residual value was obtained, 3-the residual value was standardized, and 4-percentiles were calculated. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare norms differences using indigenous vs non-indigenous norms, and to determine the low-scores (subsample = 94).

Results
The MLR models showed main effects for age linear or quadratic effect in all test-scores. MPE effect was found for Peabody-test and Fruits verbal fluency, while sex effect for Peabody-test and Symbol Digit Modality-Test. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant differences in all test-scores, except for trail making test and Stroop word-color. Compared to non-indigenous norms, indigenous children achieved higher scores and lower number of low-scores when using indigenous norms.

Conclusions
This study highlights the great need to use culturally appropriate normative data for the indigenous population in order to avoid possible diagnostic mistakes.
B - 40 Mending the Trainee-to-Workforce Pipeline: Recruitment and Retention Strategies on Black Trainee Enrollment and Matriculation within Neuropsychology Programs
Authors: Powdrill Karen , Fedio Alison , Moore-Lobban Shavonne , Scherer Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study intended to understand how Black trainees view the use and effectiveness of recruitment and retention strategies used by clinical psychology programs with a emphasis in neuropsychology.

Method
This pilot study included participants (N = 14) who were current trainees or early career neuropsychologists who identified as Black/African American. A computer-based survey was used to collect demographic, student, and early career neuropsychologist data wherein participants completed a 7-point Likert scale to rate the effectiveness of their program’s use of 10 recruitment strategies and nine retention strategies. The strategies are based on research conducted by Rogers and Molina (2006) regarding recruitment and retention of students of color in clinical psychology graduate programs. Participants were contacted through APA listservs, particularly Division 40 and Division 45, within the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, and the Society for Black Neuropsychology.

Results
Results were descriptive due to a lack of power and were often variable. Over half indicated that their programs do not use recruitment materials geared toward minoritized applicants, and their programs did not use marketing materials designed to attract Black trainees. Regarding the effect that the presence of minoritized faculty mentors and their support of research in diversity-related issues have on retention, 28.6% of respondents reported that they are extremely effective retention strategies.

Conclusions
As the U.S. continues to grow increasingly diverse, neuropsychology must be ready to meet this shift. The overwhelming majority of active neuropsychologists identify as Caucasian (Sweet et al., 2021). There is a responsibility to actively work toward the mending of the trainee-to-workforce pipeline.
B - 41 Development of Norms for Verbal Fluency Test in Bilinguals Sample: a Generalized Linear Mixed Model with Poisson Distribution Approach
Authors: Rivera Diego , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos , Olabarrieta-Landa Laiene 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To generate norms for monolinguals (MO) Spanish speakers, Basque bilinguals (BI) and Catalan BIs on verbal fluency tests (VFT).

Method
89 MOs, 139 Basque BIs, and 132 Catalan BIs completed phonological and semantic VFT in Spanish and Basque or Catalan. Majority of the sample was women (62.2%) with age of 48.5 ± 18.2 and education 13.1 ± 3.8. The participants completed the task in two languages. Two generalized linear mixed models with Poisson distribution (GLMM) were used to evaluate the logarithm of the expected value using fixed effects (region, language, age, age2, education, and sex) and random effects (type of letter/categories, and participant). GLMM was conducted using a long data format with the total number of words as outcome variable.

Results
A GLMM Poisson for phonological VFT showed a quadratic age, logarithmic of education, region and language effects (ps &lt; 0.001). The random intercepts for type of letter were significant (variance = 0.00875, p-value&lt;0.001), indicating significant differences in total words through letters. Model fit was good (AIC = 24,521, BIC = 24,578). A second GLMM Poisson for semantic VFT showed a quadratic age, logarithmic of education (ps &lt; 0.001) and sex effect (p &lt; 0.01) on the total number of words. The random intercepts for type of category were also significant (variance = 0.02583, p-value&lt;0.001), indicating significant differences in total words through categories. Model fit was good (AIC = 12,128, BIC = 12,185).

Conclusions
GLMM Poisson assumes that the response variable follows a Poisson distribution, as in VFT case, and it controls random effects, such as participant and range of letters in a given language. This approach could be adequate for generating norms in neuropsychological tests.
B - 42 The Effects of Bilingualism on a Visual Confrontational Naming Task
Authors: Samuel Ananya Ruth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This preliminary study examines the effects of bilingualism on a modified confrontational naming task (CNT) in native and non-native English speakers. The broad objective was to explore specific aspects of bilingualism that affected performance, to better inform good clinical practice in neuropsychology for linguistically diverse populations. A-priori hypotheses included: 1) Age of English acquisition (AOA) predicts CNT performance; 2) There would be a significant group diff between native and non-native English speakers; and 3) There would be significant group differences between multilingual and bilinguals on CNT performance.

Methods
The Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) were modified and administered via Qualtrix. A total of 30 adults participated in the study, including 15 men and 15 women (Mage = 28.83, SDage = 1.71), 17 Asian Americans/Asians, 5 White/Caucasian Americans, 4 Black or African Americans, 2 Latino/a/x, and 2 Native Americans, 13 participants who were native English-speakers, and 17 who were non-native English-speakers. All participants were bilingual and denied any history of neurological conditions. Regression analysis and Analysis of Variance were conducted to test a-priori hypotheses.

Results
Findings supported H1, as AOA significantly predicted confrontational naming performance on the modified version of BNT, b = −0.480, t = −3.097, p = 0.005. H2 and H3 were not supported as there were no significant group differences.

Conclusion
This suggests that AOA should be considered when administering and interpreting CNT performance in bilinguals. Given the small sample size, bigger-scale replication might be beneficial to examine specific aspects of bilingualism affecting CNT performance.
B - 44 Social Capital and Aging across Cultures: Examining the Mediating Effects on the Cognitive Functioning-Functional Ability Relationship in Baltimore and Mumbai
Authors: Wadia Lyla , Futterman Andrew , Higginson Christopher , Prenoveau Jason 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Examine social capital (social support, social network) as a mediator of the cognitive functioning and functional ability relationship in older adult populations. Examine this relationship cross-culturally, with culture as a moderator of the mediation model.

Method
75 community dwelling participants recruited across India and the United States. Cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Functional ability was evaluated using the Duke OARS Multidimensional Functional Abilities Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS). Social network and social support were evaluated using the Lubben Social Network Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Process Macro (Hayes & Rockwood, 2017) was used to examine the mediation and moderated mediation models.

Results
The internal consistency of the MoCA and OARS were below acceptable ranges in the Indian sample. Indian participants reported more social support than U.S participants, however, there were no differences in social network. Social support predicted functional ability as measured by the WHODAS, F(1, 63) = 4.34, p = 0.04, but not the OARS. Social network predicted functional ability as measured by both the WHODAS, F(1, 57) = 8.33, p = 0.006, and the OARS, F(1, 62) = 4.98, p = 0.03. Results suggested that social capital was not a significant mediator of the relationship, and that culture was not a significant moderator.

Conclusions
Limitations due to small sample size indicate need for further exploration of the potential benefits of social capital on cognitive and functional ability across cultures. Important to consider appropriateness of measures when working with non-normative groups.
B - 46 Diagnostic Utility of Conners CPT-3 for ADHD: a Systematic Review
Authors: Callan Paul Douglas , Eidnes Kari , Pope Tara M , Shepler Dustin K , Swanberg Stephanie M , Weber Sarah K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
There is ongoing debate about the diagnostic utility of Conners Continuous Performance Test 3 (CPT-3) for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Data Selection
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, 2020) reporting standards, a systematic review was conducted. Six bibliographic databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES were searched using terms related to continuous performance tests and ADHD in January 2022 and again in October 2022. Inclusion criteria included research studies published since 2000, English language, and ages 8+. Screening was conducted independently by two reviewers, with 1480 title/abstracts reviewed followed by 399 full text articles. Any discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. A data extraction template was developed and piloted and critical appraisal of included studies was conducted using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Study results were analyzed using reflective thematic analysis through inductive coding (Braun & Clarke, 2006, 2019).

Data Synthesis
Thirteen studies met the criteria and five qualitative themes were identified. Five studies found CPT-3 was a weak or poor predictor of the diagnosis of ADHD while two found it as an adequate predictor. Two studies found the CPT-3 could differentiate clients with comorbid ADHD/anxiety from ADHD or ADHD from obsessive-compulsive disorder. One study, however, found that CPT-3 could not differentiate ADHD from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or comorbid ADHD/ASD.

Conclusions
This systematic review revealed that CPT-3 as a standalone measure is a weak or poor predictor of ADHD and clinicians are recommended to use multiple measures for evaluating persons with ADHD.
B - 47 Attentional Risk Factors for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: a Synthesis of the Literature and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Clauss Kate , Schafer Katherine M , O'Neil Maya E , Constans Joseph , Raines Amanda M , Bardeen Joseph R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Theory suggests that attentional processes, such as attentional bias and attentional control, may contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Specifically, among individuals with suicidal ideation, attentional biases towards suicide-related information may increase distress. This combined with the inability to disengage and shift attention away from suicidal thoughts (i.e., deficits in attentional control) might contribute to increased risk for suicidal behavior. Despite this, there has been limited research examining associations between attentional biases and STBs or attentional control and STBs.

Method
We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms used to identify articles included: (“attention* bias” or “attentional control”) AND (suicid*). The search returned 77 articles, 49 when duplicates were removed. Following full text reviews, a total of 16 articles were retained for meta-analysis.

Results
A significant relationship was observed between attentional bias and STBs (r = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15), but not attentional control and STBs (r = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.24, 0.10). The funnel plot for attentional bias and STBs suggested low risk of publication bias. The limited number of studies identified, and therefore low power, precluded moderator analyses from being conducted.

Conclusions
Additional experimental and longitudinal research with diverse assessments of attentional risk factors (e.g., dot probe, eye tracking) is needed. Despite these limitations, the present study provides preliminary evidence for the association between attentional bias and STBs.