bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of functional diversity of rumen microbiome in bison and beef heifers
Authors: Nguyen Thi Truc Minh , Badhan Ajay Kumar , Reid Ian D. , Ribeiro Gabriel , Gruninger Robert , Tsang Adrian , Guan Le Luo , McAllister Tim 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Enhancing crop residue digestibility can boost the available energy for growth and milk yield and improve the sustainability of ruminant production systems. As the natural diet of bison is high in lignocellulose, bison have developed a microbiome that efficiently digests cellulose and hemicellulose. This study compared the rumen metatranscriptomes of bison and beef heifers and investigated the effects of inoculating heifers with bison rumen contents. Gene Ontology, molecular function, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthology terms identified through gene set enrichment analysis successfully captured differences in gene expression of rumen microbiome between heifers and bison fed different diets. Specifically, differences in nitrogen metabolism was detected between heifers and bison rumen microbiomes. Heifer rumen microbiomes demonstrated a higher dissimilatory nitrate reduction, while bison microbiomes tended to suppress this pathway. In contrast, bison microbiomes expressed higher levels of glutamate dehydrogenase 2 (GDH2) genes. However, glutamate dehydrogenase gene expression was observed to be strictly regulated in heifers, as inoculation with bison rumen contents had no effect on expression. Moreover, the transfer of bison rumen contents led to a persistent downregulation of microbial nitrogen metabolism in heifers after 27 days of transfer. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis also identified the crucial regulatory role of serine/threonine kinase in heifer rumen microbial metabolism and differences in ion transport between heifers and bison. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between diet and the rumen microbiome.

IMPORTANCE
Ruminants play a key role in the conversion of cellulolytic plant material into high-quality meat and milk protein for humans. The rumen microbiome is the driver of this conversion, yet there is little information on how gene expression within the microbiome impacts the efficiency of this conversion process. The current study investigates gene expression in the rumen microbiome of beef heifers and bison and how transplantation of ruminal contents from bison to heifers alters gene expression. Understanding interactions between the host and the rumen microbiome is the key to developing informed approaches to rumen programming that will enhance production efficiency in ruminants.
Complete genome sequence for the thermoacidophilic archaeon
Sulfuracidifex
(f
. Sulfolobus
)
metallicus
DSM 6482
Authors: Willard Daniel J. , Manesh Mohamad J. H. , Bing Ryan G. , Kelly Robert M. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Reported here is the complete genome sequence (2,191,724 bp) for the thermoacidophilic archaeon
Sulfuracidifex
(f
. Sulfolobus
)
metallicus
DSM 6482 (T
opt
65°C, pH
opt
2.0). This obligately chemolithoautotrophic microorganism is a prolific metal and sulfur oxidizer and has application in metal bioleaching operations. A multi-assembly reconciliation approach enabled closure of the genome.
Long-term variability of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measurement in patients with glaucoma of African and European descents
Authors: Wu Jo-Hsuan , Moghimi Sasan , Walker Evan , Nishida Takashi , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Fazio Massimo A , Girkin Christopher A , Zangwill Linda M , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundTo examine long-term retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) variability and associated clinical factors in African (AD) and European descent (ED) individuals with glaucoma.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included glaucoma eyes of AD and ED from Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study/The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study with ≥4 visits/2 years of follow-up. We calculated optic nerve head RNFLT variability per-examination/visit as the absolute error of its residuals across follow-up. Full, baseline and parsimonious linear-mixed models were fit to evaluate the effects of clinical factors (demographics and ocular characteristics, prior/intervening glaucoma surgeries and cataract extraction (CE), RNFLT thinning rate, scan quality, visit/testing frequency, etc) on RNFLT variability in both races.ResultsThere were 376 and 625 eyes (226 and 349 participants) of AD and ED, and the mean (95% CI) RNFLT variability was 1.62 (1.52, 1.71) µm and 1.42 (1.34, 1.50) µm, respectively (p=0.002). AD and ED had some shared predictors of RNFLT variability, including intraocular pressure fluctuation and scan quality, although the effects varied (p<0.05). In both races, intervening CE was most strongly correlated with higher RNFLT variability (β: 0.24–0.92, p<0.05). After excluding eyes with intervening CE, RNFLT variability was reduced and the small racial difference was no longer significant (AD: 1.40 (1.31, 1.48) µm vs ED: 1.34 (1.27, 1.40) µm; p=0.280).ConclusionsAlthough some predictors were identified, long-term RNFLT variability appeared small for both AD and ED eyes. Moreover, the racial difference did not remain once intervening CE, the strongest predictor of variability, was eliminated. Our findings inform on strategies to optimise structural assessment and suggest that, when accounting for relevant factors, RNFLT is reliable across races.
A review and analysis of accountability in global health funding, research collaborations and training: towards conceptual clarity and better practice
Authors: Liwanag Harvy Joy , James Oria , Frahsa Annika 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionAccountability is a complex idea to unpack and involves different processes in global health practice. Calls for accountability in global health would be better translated to action through a better understanding of the concept and practice of accountability in global health. We sought to analyse accountability processes in practice in global health funding, research collaborations and training.MethodsThis study is a literature review that systematically searched PubMed and Scopus for articles on formal accountability processes in global health. We charted information on processes based on accountability lines (‘who is accountable to whom’) and the outcomes the processes were intended for (‘accountability for what’). We visualised the representation of accountability in the articles by mapping the processes according to their intended outcomes and the levels where processes were implemented.ResultsWe included 53 articles representing a wide range of contexts and identified 19 specific accountability processes for various outcomes in global health funding, research collaborations and training. Target setting and monitoring were the most common accountability processes. Other processes included interinstitutional networks for peer checking, litigation strategies to enforce health-related rights, special bodies that bring actors to account for commitments, self-accountability through internal organisational processes and multipolar accountability involving different types of institutional actors. Our mapping identified gaps at the institutional, interinstitutional and broader system levels where accountability processes could be enhanced.ConclusionTo rebalance power in global health, our review has shown that analysing information on existing accountability processes regarding ‘who is accountable to whom’ and ‘accountability for what’ would be useful to characterise existing lines of accountability and create lines where there are gaps. However, we also suggest that institutional and systems processes for accountability must be accompanied by political engagement to mobilise collective action and create conditions where a culture of accountability thrives in global health.
Make My Day: primary prevention of stroke using engaging everyday activities as a mediator of sustainable health – a randomised controlled trial and process evaluation protocol
Authors: Patomella Ann-Helen , Guidetti Susanne , Hagströmer Maria , Olsson Christina Birgitta , Jakobsson Elin , Nilsson Gunnar H , Åkesson Elisabet , Asaba Eric 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe individual, societal and economic benefits of stroke prevention are high. Even though most risk factors can be reduced by changes to lifestyle habits, maintaining new and healthy activity patterns has been shown to be challenging.The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of an interdisciplinary team-based, mHealth-supported prevention intervention on persons at risk for stroke. The intervention is mediated by engaging everyday activities that promote health. An additional aim is to describe a process evaluation that serves to increase knowledge about how the programme leads to potential change by studying the implementation process and mechanisms of impact.Methods and analysisThe study will be a randomised controlled trial including 104 persons at risk for stroke. Persons at risk of stroke (n=52) will be randomised to an mHealth-supported stroke prevention programme. Controls will have ordinary primary healthcare (PHC) services. The 10-week programme will be conducted at PHC clinics, combining group meetings and online resources to support self-management of lifestyle change using engaging everyday activities as a mediator. Primary outcomes are stroke risk, lifestyle habits and participation in health-promoting activities. Assessments will be performed at baseline and at follow-up (11 weeks and 12 months). The effects of the programme will be analysed using inferential statistics. Implementation will be analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at regional and international conferences targeting mixed audiences.Trial registration numberNCT05279508.
Platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratios are related to cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Huidan , Tan Lanhui , Xue Bing , Feng Ling , Fang Pei , Meng Xianmei , Luo Xianwu 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the association of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingsA grade A tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China.ParticipantsA total of 236 participants were recruited. Participants who were diagnosed with cancer received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and aged ≥18 years were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe PLR, NLR and LMR were calculated based on the absolute lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, platelet count and monocyte count. The CRF and QOL of patients after the first chemotherapy/radiotherapy were evaluated.ResultsThe median values (IQR) of PLR, NLR and LMR were 174.51 (126.14–261.02), 2.84 (1.64–5.24) and 2.56 (1.30–3.72), respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that high PLR (≥ 174.51), high NLR (≥ 2.84) and low LMR (< 2.56) at baseline significantly correlated with CRF and poor QOL after the first chemotherapy/radiotherapy (p<0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that elevated PLR might be an independent risk factor for CRF (p<0.001) and QOL (p=0.010) in cancer patients.ConclusionPLR, NLR and LMR are associated with CRF and QOL in cancer patients. High PLR may predict severe CRF and poor QOL. Further studies are needed to validate these findings based on the expanded sample size.
Factors influencing early mobilisation for patients undergoing pancreatic surgery from multiple perspectives: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ni Yun-Xia , Li Zhi , Zhou Li-Li , Gong Shu 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesDespite early mobilisation as a key component of enhanced recovery after surgery pathways for pancreatic surgery, the implementation of early mobilisation remains unsatisfactory. What factors influence the implementation of early mobilisation from the lens of all stakeholders is unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the influencing factors of early mobilisation in pancreatic surgery from the perspective of patients, family members and health professionals.DesignA qualitative descriptive design using individual interviews and focus groups.Setting and participantsTwenty-two patients undergoing pancreatic surgery, 10 family members and 10 healthcare professionals from a large university teaching hospital in China.MethodsWe collected data on participants’ views on factors influencing early mobilisation after pancreatic surgery. Two researchers independently reviewed the transcripts and emergent coding. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThree main categories that influenced the implementation of early mobilisation in pancreatic surgery were identified: (1) attitude towards early postoperative mobilisation (eg, perceived advantages or disadvantages of early mobilisation), (2) subjective norm (eg, impact from health professionals, family members and fellow patients) and (3) perceived behavioural control (eg, knowledge, abilities, resources and environment).ConclusionFactors influencing early mobilisation are diverse and multidimensional. The successful implementation of early mobilisation requires the dedication of both patients and healthcare professionals.
Prevalence of invasive bacterial infection in febrile infants ≤90 days with a COVID-19 positive test: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pérez-Porra Silvia , Granda Elena , Benito Helvia , Roland Damian , Gomez Borja , Velasco Roberto 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundFebrile infants with an infection by influenza or enterovirus are at low risk of invasive bacterial infection (IBI).ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of IBI among febrile infants ≤90 days old with a positive COVID-19 test.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register databases, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and grey literature were searched for articles published from February 2020 to May 2023. Inclusion criteria: researches reporting on infants ≤90 days of age with fever and a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 (antigen test/PCR). Case reports with <3 patients, articles written in a language other than English, French or Spanish, editorials and other narrative studies were excluded. Preferred Reposting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines were followed, and the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess study quality. The main outcome was the prevalence of IBI (a pathogen bacterium identified in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)). Forest plots of prevalence estimates were constructed for each study. Heterogeneity was assessed and data were pooled by meta-analysis using a random effects model. A fixed continuity correction of 0.01 was added when a study had zero events.ResultsFrom the 1023 studies and 3 databases provided by the literature search, 33 were included in the meta-analysis, reporting 3943 febrile infants with a COVID-19 positive test and blood or CSF culture obtained. The pooled prevalence of IBI was 0.14% (95% CI, 0.02% to 0.27%). By age, the prevalence of IBI was 0.56% (95% CI, 0.0% to 1.27%) in those 0–21 days old, 0.53% (95% CI, 0.0% to 1.22%) in those 22–28 days old and 0.11% (95% CI, 0.0% to 0.24%) in those 29–60 days old.ConclusionCOVID-19-positive febrile infants ≤90 days old are at low risk of IBI, especially infants >28 days old, suggesting this subgroup of patients can be managed without blood tests.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022356507.
Modulatory effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on attentional processes
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Yang Haoyu , Wang Faguang , Lu Xuejing , Hu Li 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe modulatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on attention has varied in previous studies. This inconsistency might be attributed to the combined influence of the modulation effect on the different attentional functions, including alerting, orienting and executive control.AimsWe aimed to preliminarily examine the modulatory effects of taVNS on different attentional functions.MethodsFifty-nine healthy participants were recruited and were randomly assigned to taVNS (receiving taVNS for 20 minutes) or control (receiving taVNS for 30 seconds) groups. All participants underwent a dot-probe task before and after the taVNS/control intervention. Their behavioural performance and electroencephalographic signals during pre- and post-tests were recorded, and different observed variables were extracted and analysed to characterise different attentional systems.ResultsWe observed that active taVNS applied at the left ear significantly improved the overall behavioural performance, that is, shorter reaction time (RT) and lower intra-individual reaction time variability (IIRTV) for right-hand responses when compared with the control condition. In addition, active taVNS resulted in larger P3 and movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) amplitudes associated with right-hand reactions than the control condition. Active taVNS also decreased the difference between the pre- and post-tests in the power spectral density of spontaneous high-α band oscillations at C4 electrode. Importantly, parallel mediation models for right-hand responses showed that the change of P3 amplitude mediated the effects of taVNS on RT and IIRTV. In contrast, the change of MRCP amplitude suppressed the effect of taVNS on the IIRTV.ConclusionsOur results provided behavioural and brain evidence supporting the effects of taVNS on different attentional systems, and their interaction further shaped behavioural performance, suggesting a promising role of taVNS in cognitive enhancement.
Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare costs and outcomes of cigarette smoking in USA: 2008–2019
Authors: Burciaga Valdez R , Encinosa William 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundIn 2023, President Biden issued an executive order requiring cost-benefit analyses for new regulations to account for distributional effects. To inform new tobacco regulations, we estimate for the first time racial and ethnic disparities in spending and outcomes associated with smoking.MethodsWith the 2008–2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to the National Health Interview Survey, n=118 084 adults-years, logit models estimate the per cent of the top 10 health conditions attributable to smoking. Two-part regression models estimate the share of and total annual healthcare spending attributable to smoking.ResultsWhite adults had higher ever-smoked rates, but minority smoking adults had twice as much of their annual medical spending associated with smoking than white smoking adults, 25% vs 12% (p<0.01). minority adults who smoked had 41% (p<0.05) higher risks of multiple chronic conditions associated with smoking than white adults. While the share of white smoking adults trying to quit declined to 53% in 2019, this desire increased to 63% for minorities. From 2008–2016, smoking comprised 7.5% of the nation’s spending for white adults and 10.7% for minorities (p<0.05). In 2017–2019, this declined to 2.5% of the nation’s spending for white adults and 8.9% for minorities (p<0.05). For any new antitobacco regulation, the cost savings would be $134 million per year for every 100 000 minorities averted from initiating smoking, 135% more than the $57 million saved annually for 100 000 white adults averted.ImplicationsMinority adults may benefit substantially more from antitobacco regulations and past federal cost-benefit analyses would have overlooked this.
The $$Q_{1,2}$$–$$Q_7$$ interference contributions to $$b \rightarrow s \gamma $$ at $${\mathcal O}(\alpha _{\mathrm s}^2)$$ for the physical value of $$m_c$$
Authors: Czaja M. , Czakon M. , Huber T. , Misiak M. , Niggetiedt M. , Rehman A. , Schönwald K. , Steinhauser M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe $$\bar{B}\rightarrow X_s\gamma $$

B

¯

→

X
s

γ

branching ratio is currently measured with around $$5\%$$

5
%

accuracy. Further improvement is expected from Belle II. To match such a precision on the theoretical side, evaluation of $${\mathcal O}(\alpha _{\mathrm s}^2)$$

O
(

α

s

2

)

corrections to the partonic decay $$b \rightarrow X_s^\textrm{part}\gamma $$

b
→

X
s
part

γ

are necessary, which includes the $$b \rightarrow s \gamma $$

b
→
s
γ

, $$b \rightarrow s g\gamma $$

b
→
s
g
γ

, $$b \rightarrow s gg\gamma $$

b
→
s
g
g
γ

, $$b \rightarrow sq\bar{q}\gamma $$

b
→
s
q

q

¯

γ

decay channels. Here, we evaluate the unrenormalized contribution to $$b \rightarrow s \gamma $$

b
→
s
γ

that stems from the interference of the photonic dipole operator $$Q_7$$

Q
7

and the current–current operators $$Q_1$$

Q
1

and $$Q_2$$

Q
2

. Our results, obtained in the cut propagator approach at the 4-loop level, agree with those found in parallel by Fael et al. who have applied the amplitude approach at the 3-loop level. Partial results for the same quantities recently determined by Greub et al. agree with our findings, too.
Conformal motion for higher-dimensional compact objects
Authors: Zahra A. , Mardan S. A. , Riaz Muhammad Bilal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present a new framework for five-dimensional spherical symmetry anisotropic stars that admits conformal motion. The behaviour of model characteristic pressure, stress, density profile and surface tension is investigated with the inclusion of a particular density profile for the higher dimensional Einstein’s field equations. All the physical parameters are well-behaved for the presented solution in higher dimensions. The analysis predict the possible existence of compact stars in five dimensions, more likely strange quark star.