bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining barriers to childbearing using the risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategy: Based on action research
Authors: NeJhaddadgar Nazila , Ziapour Arash , Jafarzadeh Mohammad , Ezzati Farahnaz , Rezaei Farshid , Darabi Fatemeh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsReluctance to childbearing and then the reduction of the total fertility rate are common experiences of developed countries and many developing countries, including Iran, therefore, the purpose of this study was explaining barriers to childbearing using the risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategy.MethodsThe study was conducted by action research and according to RCCE during 9 months in Ardabil city. The statistical population consisted of 41 married women aged 15–54 who were eligible for childbearing, these women were purposefully selected from among the people covered by Ardabil health centers and interviewed. Data were collected using open and in‐depth interviews by the researcher and analyzed by content analysis.ResultsThe results of data analysis led to the extraction of three main categories, personal, familial, and social barriers. The “personal barriers” category was classified into three subcategories, namely mental, belief, and awareness barriers, the “familial barriers” category was classified into two subcategories, namely social and financial barriers, and the “social barriers” category was classified into two subcategories, political and managerial barriers.ConclusionsAccording to the results, a set of personal, familial, and social factors could affect childbearing among married women. Identification of these factors can play an effective role in designing educational and managerial programs.
Effect of age in women undergoing laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: A retrospective study
Authors: Malekzadeh Maral , Ramirez‐Caban Laura , Garcia‐Ruiz Nuria , Ossin David A. , Hurtado Eric A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether elderly women (≥65 years) have an increased risk of complications and lower success when undergoing laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) compared with younger women (<65 years).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all LSC procedures performed from August 2014 to February 2021 by a single urogynecologic surgeon in an academic affiliated hospital system. Charts were identified through procedure codes. Patient demographics, clinical, surgical, and postoperative data were collected. The primary outcome of this study was to compare complications associated with LSC, including intraoperative and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included subjective, objective, and composite success.ResultsIn total, 312 participants met the criteria. The mean age of the group who were younger than 65 years was 55.7 years (±6.5) and of the group aged 65 years or older was 69.3 years (±3.5). Racial demographics revealed no differences between the two groups. Patients aged 65 years or older had a statistically significant lower body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), a higher rate of hypertension, smaller genital hiatus, and a larger anterior vaginal wall prolapse compared with the younger cohort. They also less often underwent a posterior repair. No statistically significant differences were found with regards to intraoperative and postoperative complications, including 30‐day re‐admission, between the two age groups. Both groups had high anatomic success rates, with no significant difference (<65 = 96.3%; ≥65 = 98.4%; P = 0.326). Those aged younger than 65 years compared with those aged 65 years or older had lower subjective success that was not significantly different (<65 = 62.8%; ≥65 = 71.0; P = 0.134). Composite success was noted to reach the threshold of a statistically significant difference in the group aged younger than 65 years compared with those aged 65 years or older (60.1% vs 71.0%; P = 0.0499).ConclusionIn this study, elderly patients did not have increased intraoperative and postoperative complications after undergoing LSC. Similar rates of anatomic and subjective success were also found with younger patients having a lower composite success. Proper candidates for LSC should not be excluded based upon age.
Perceived social support mitigates the associations among household chaos and health and well‐being in rural early adolescents
Authors: Mei Kehan , Zhang Feng , Zhang Jiatian , Ming Hua , Jiang Ying , Huang Silin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposePrevious studies have demonstrated that early adolescents residing in chaotic households experience adverse health and well‐being outcomes. However, the potential protective factors that mitigate the relationship between household chaos and early adolescents' health and well‐being remain unknown. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate whether perceived social support moderates the link between household chaos and the health and well‐being among Chinese rural early adolescents.MethodsPhysical health difficulties were assessed using two measures: general health and allostatic load (AL). Mental health difficulties were measured by depression. Well‐being was reflected by life satisfaction. Specifically, this study included early adolescents (N = 337; Mage = 10.88 ± 1.36 years) from rural counties in China who reported their household chaos, perceived social support, general health, depression, and life satisfaction. AL scores were determined based on six physiological indices.ResultsHousehold chaos exhibited a negative relationship with the general health and life satisfaction while a positive correlation with depression. Moreover, perceived social support was found to moderate the association between household chaos and these health and well‐being indicators of early adolescents. Specifically, early adolescents who reported higher levels of perceived social support exhibited weaker negative connections among household chaos and their general health, depression, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, no significant relationships were observed between the adolescents' AL and household chaos, perceived social support, or their interactions.ConclusionsHousehold chaos poses a significant risk to health and well‐being. Furthermore, the findings indicate that perceived social support can mitigate these negative effects.
Regulation of cholesterol metabolism: New players for an old physiological process
Authors: Parente Martina , Tonini Claudia , Segatto Marco , Pallottini Valentina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIdentified more than two centuries ago, cholesterol plays a pivotal role in human physiology. Since cholesterol metabolism is a physiologically significant process, it is not surprising that its alterations are associated with several pathologies. The discovery of new molecular targets or compounds able to modulate this sophisticated metabolism has been capturing the attention of research groups worldwide since many years. Endogenous and exogenous compounds are known to regulate cellular cholesterol synthesis and uptake, or reduce cholesterol absorption at the intestinal level, thereby regulating cholesterol homeostasis. However, there is a great need of new modulators and diverse new pathways have been uncovered. Here, after illustrating cholesterol metabolism and its well‐known regulators, some new players of this important physiological process are also described.
Comprehensive analysis of liquid–liquid phase separation propensities of HSV‐1 proteins and their interaction with host factors
Authors: Subedi Sushma , Nag Niharika , Shukla Harish , Padhi Aditya K. , Tripathi Timir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, it has been shown that the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of virus proteins plays a crucial role in their life cycle. It promotes the formation of viral replication organelles, concentrating viral components for efficient replication and facilitates the assembly of viral particles. LLPS has emerged as a crucial process in the replication and assembly of herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1). Recent studies have identified several HSV‐1 proteins involved in LLPS, including the myristylated tegument protein UL11 and infected cell protein 4; however, a complete proteome‐level understanding of the LLPS‐prone HSV‐1 proteins is not available. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the HSV‐1 proteome and explore the potential of its proteins to undergo LLPS. By integrating sequence analysis, prediction algorithms and an array of tools and servers, we identified 10 HSV‐1 proteins that exhibit high LLPS potential. By analysing the amino acid sequences of the LLPS‐prone proteins, we identified specific sequence motifs and enriched amino acid residues commonly found in LLPS‐prone regions. Our findings reveal a diverse range of LLPS‐prone proteins within the HSV‐1, which are involved in critical viral processes such as replication, transcriptional regulation and assembly of viral particles. This suggests that LLPS might play a crucial role in facilitating the formation of specialized viral replication compartments and the assembly of HSV‐1 virion. The identification of LLPS‐prone proteins in HSV‐1 opens up new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis. Our work provides valuable insights into the LLPS landscape of HSV‐1, highlighting potential targets for further experimental validation and enhancing our understanding of viral replication and pathogenesis.
Perceived barriers, recommendations, and resources for multistate licensure in the United States: A mixed‐methods study of laboratory genetic counselors
Authors: Mackall Mia S. , Tschirgi Matthew L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith genetic counselor licensure now available in 32 states, the number of laboratory genetic counselors (LGCs) who are required to be licensed in multiple states has risen substantially. Although previous studies have documented the complexity of the multistate licensing (MSL) process, there has been little research on the experiences of LGCs applying for and maintaining licensure. The purpose of this study was to identify perceived barriers, recommendations, and resources for LGCs pursuing MSL. A 15‐item mixed‐methods, anonymous questionnaire was used to survey genetic counselors currently or formerly employed by genetic testing laboratories. Responses were analyzed with a combination of descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analysis. Of the 150 eligible participants who completed the survey, the majority worked at a commercial, non‐academic laboratory (84%, n = 126), had 1–4 years of laboratory genetic counseling experience (54%, n = 81), held non‐patient‐facing roles (65%, n = 97), and were required by their employer to hold licensure in at least one state (73%, n = 110). Most participants (86%, n = 129) felt there were barriers to MSL for LGCs, with three emergent themes: (1) resource burden, (2) complexity, and (3) legislative ambiguity. Participants described the current MSL process as tedious, cumbersome, confusing, overwhelming, and redundant. Several shared that the current licensing system undermines the intent to improve the status of the profession and actually negatively impacts patient care. Recommendations to improve MSL included overall process enhancements, like transitioning to online systems and a single central information repository for licensees, increased professional advocacy, and investing in collaborative pathways to licensure such as interstate compacts. Participants found national genetic counseling organizations, state‐based genetic counseling organizations, and genetic counseling colleagues to be the most helpful resources for understanding licensure law and where to apply for licensure.
Designing Clinical MRI for Enhanced Workflow and Value
Authors: Lin Dana J. , Doshi Ankur M. , Fritz Jan , Recht Michael P. 
Published: October 2023

MRI is an expensive and traditionally time‐intensive modality in imaging. With the paradigm shift toward value‐based healthcare, radiology departments must examine the entire MRI process cycle to identify opportunities to optimize efficiency and enhance value for patients. Digital tools such as “frictionless scheduling” prioritize patient preference and convenience, thereby delivering patient‐centered care. Recent advances in conventional and deep learning‐based accelerated image reconstruction methods have reduced image acquisition time to such a degree that so‐called nongradient time now constitutes a major percentage of total room time. For this reason, architectural design strategies that reconfigure patient preparation processes and decrease the turnaround time between scans can substantially impact overall throughput while also improving patient comfort and privacy. Real‐time informatics tools that provide an enterprise‐wide overview of MRI workflow and Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)‐integrated instant messaging can complement these efforts by offering transparent, situational data and facilitating communication between radiology team members. Finally, long‐term investment in training, recruiting, and retaining a highly skilled technologist workforce is essential for building a pipeline and team of technologists committed to excellence. Here, we highlight various opportunities for optimizing MRI workflow and enhancing value by offering many of our own on‐the‐ground experiences and conclude by anticipating some of the future directions for process improvement and innovation in clinical MR imaging.Evidence LevelN/ATechnical EfficacyStage 1
Tunable Localization of Higher‐Order Bound States in Non‐Hermitian Optical Waveguide Lattices
Authors: Kang Juan , Zhang Qinglong , Wei Ruishan , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Zhongmin , Dong Guoping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigher‐order corner‐bound states in a 2D structure have been found to possess robust and exotic properties beyond the “ordinary” topological edge states, giving rise to a promising applicative potential. For example, the topological nanocavity designed based on the corner states exhibits much better performance than that of the conventional photonic crystal cavity. However, the corner states in the finite Hermitian system are usually coupled with each other, which results in the weakening of their localization. As such, the contradiction between the performance and footprint of topological devices is vexing. Here, it shows that introducing non‐Hermiticity in the higher‐order topological insulators is an effective strategy to enhance the localization of corner states in finite systems. By designing and analyzing the 2D finite Su‐Schriffer‐Heeger optical lattices with two types of non‐Hermitian configuration, the localization degree of higher‐order corner states is found to depend on the gain/loss strength. This is experimentally demonstrated by observing the distribution of corner states in the femtosecond‐laser‐writing loss‐controlled waveguide arrays. This scheme tuning localization of higher‐order corner‐bound states by non‐Hermiticity may offer a new avenue to design robust and compact devices, such as topological nano‐lasers with an ultra‐low threshold.
Core Cross‐Linking Enhances the Anti‐Inflammatory Performance of Oxidation‐Sensitive Polymeric Micelles
Authors: d'Arcy Richard , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanomaterials able to scavenge biologically relevant oxidants (reactive oxygen species, ROS) can directly act as anti‐inflammatory agents. Here, micelles made of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)‐polysulfide block copolymers are focused on; the polysulfide blocks are responsible of ROS‐scavenging and are composed of propylene sulfide and ethylene sulfide units in ratios of 20:0, 15:5, 10:10. These polymers can be intramicellarly cross‐linked through thermal thiol‐yne reaction of terminal alkynes (trithiol cross‐linker). Self‐assembled and cross‐linked micelles are virtually identical in size and scavenging kinetics, but greatly differ in stability against dilution (critical aggregation concentration (CAC) respectively of ≈0.1 and <0.01 mg mL−1) and in the final state after oxidation (soluble polymers vs cross‐linked nanoparticles). Most importantly, self‐assembled micelles have significant toxicity and damage cell membranes already at 0.5 mg mL−1, which seriously hampers their anti‐inflammatory activity. On the contrary, cross‐linked micelles do not appreciably harm cells at least up to 1 mg mL−1, and effectively inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines in activated macrophages. In this study, a detailed interpretation of the morphological evolution of the two types of micelles during oxidation is provided and it is proved that core cross‐linking significantly widens the therapeutic window.
American lobster and Jonah crab populations inside and outside the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument, USA
Authors: Arnott Stephen A. , Long Michael P. , Ellertson Aubrey , Bethoney N. David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
There is international pressure to increase the worldwide expanse of marine protected areas (MPAs). However, MPAs often lack preexisting long-term biological baselines, which are essential for assessing MPA effects and for refining the conservation and socioeconomic benefits they confer to society. Our study addresses this issue by establishing demographic baselines for two commercially important species prior to a proposed fishing ban inside the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument, a recently established MPA on the continental shelf break approximately 200 km southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Methods
Samples were obtained by the Commercial Fisheries Research Foundation's American Lobster and Jonah Crab Research Fleet, which is an industry-based, fishery-dependent data collection program. Specially trained participants recorded year-round biological data from their 2013 to 2021 commercial catches of American lobster Homarus americanus and Jonah crab Cancer borealis. Samples were taken from an area inside the MPA and from two areas outside the MPA, spanning 130 km to the east and west.

Result
American lobster sizes and sex ratios varied between areas, and their sizes, sex ratios, and proportion of ovigerous females differed between submarine canyons within areas. American lobster sizes, sex ratio, proportion of ovigerous females, and prevalence of shell disease were also affected by season and/or depth. Jonah crab parameters did not vary between areas, but sex ratio varied with season and depth, and the proportion of ovigerous females varied with depth.

Conclusion
These demographic baselines are the only data available, at a sufficient spatial and temporal resolution, for evaluating the effects of a proposed fishing ban in the MPA, and they fill important data gaps for stock assessments. To evaluate possible future population changes, it will be necessary to continue collecting data from inside and outside the MPA using comparable methods, and to account for the preexisting sources of variation that we have identified.
Circumventricular organ‐hypothalamic circuit endoplasmic reticulum stress drives hepatic steatosis during obesity
Authors: Kim Han Rae , Young Colin N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excess liver triglyceride accumulation (hepatic steatosis), leads to an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases and obesity‐related mortality. Emerging evidence points to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the central nervous system as critical in NAFLD pathogenesis. Here, we tested the contribution of ER stress in a circumventricular organ‐hypothalamic circuit in NAFLD development during obesity.MethodsC57BL/6J male mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or normal chow. A combination of histological, viral tracing, intersectional viral targeting, and in vivo integrative physiological approaches were used to examine the role of ER stress in subfornical organ to hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus projecting neurons (SFO➔PVN) in NAFLD during diet‐induced obesity.ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis revealed marked unfolded protein response activation in the SFO, particularly in excitatory SFO➔PVN neurons of HFD‐fed animals. Moreover, intersectional viral inhibition of ER stress in SFO➔PVN neurons resulted in a reduction in hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, and a blunted increase in body weight gain during diet‐induced obesity, independent of changes in food intake, substrate partitioning, energy expenditure, and ambulatory activity.ConclusionsThese results indicate that ER stress in an SFO➔PVN neural circuit contributes to hepatic steatosis during obesity.
Ultraprocessed, hyper‐palatable, and high energy density foods: Prevalence and distinction across 30 years in the United States
Authors: Sutton Cassandra A. , Stratton Matthew , L'Insalata Alexa M. , Fazzino Tera L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveUltraprocessed foods (UPF), hyper‐palatable foods (HPF), and high energy density (HED) foods may contribute to obesity risk. All have distinct definitions; however, it is unknown the degree to which they may identify overlapping or distinct foods. This study examined the availability of UPF, HPF, and HED foods in the US food system from 1988 to 2018 and the degree of distinction across definitions.MethodsFour data sets representing the US food system (1988, 2001, 2006, 2018) from the US Department of Agriculture were analyzed. UPF were identified based on the extent of industrialized processing. HPF were identified using the standardized definition that specifies palatability‐inducing nutrient combinations. HED was characterized as >2.0 kcal/g.ResultsAcross years, 58% to 65% of foods were classified as UPF, 55% to 69% as HPF, and 37% to 47% as HED. Prevalence of UPF, HPF, and HED foods was higher in 2018 versus 1988 (p values < 0.001); HPF evidenced the largest increase (14%) and UPF evidenced the smallest (4%) over time. There was moderate to high overlap in foods (40%–70%) across definitions.ConclusionsTogether, UPF, HPF, and HED foods comprise most foods in the US food supply. Changes in availability varied across definitions, with substantial increases in HPF and HED and relative stability of UPF.
Numerical detection of synchronization phenomena in quasi‐periodic solutions
Authors: Seifert Alexander , Baeuerle Simon , Hetzler Hartmut 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn science and technology, dynamical systems can show so‐called quasi‐periodic solutions. These solutions are composed of two or more base frequencies. The solution in the time domain can be represented by an invariant manifold. To parametrize the invariant manifold, we choose the hyper‐time parametrization. If quasi‐periodic solutions branches are continued by means of a path continuation, the phenomenon of synchronization may occur. This is important, because the hyper‐time parametrization is only valid, as long as the number of base frequencies remains unchanged. Therefore, it is essential to detect a parametrization to a synchronization point. Synchronization can happen in different types. We address the mechanism of suppression, where one base frequency becomes suppressed until its amplitude vanishes. This corresponds to the quasi‐periodic solution ending in a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. We present a method to derive a scalar measure from the quasi‐periodic solution in the hyper‐time parametrization, to detect an approach to a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation while continuing the solution branch.