bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping strategies as mediators of uncertainty and psychological distress in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Obispo Berta , Cruz‐Castellanos Patricia , Fernández‐Montes Ana , Coca‐Membribes Sara , Rogado Jacobo , Antoñanzas Mónica , Castillo‐Trujillo Oscar A. , López‐Ceballos Helena , Rodríguez‐González Adán , Jiménez‐Fonseca Paula , Calderon Caterina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeUncertainty in the context of advanced cancer diagnosis often incurs significant psychological distress. The aims were to evaluate the incidence of psychological distress upon diagnosis of advanced cancer and to analyze whether the relationship between illness uncertainty and psychological distress can be mediated by coping strategies.MethodsA multicenter, prospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted in 15 medical oncology departments across Spain. Individuals with unresectable advanced cancer completed questionnaires on uncertainty (Michel Uncertainty of Illness Scale, coping strategies (Mental Adjustment to Cancer, M‐MAC), and psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI‐18) after the diagnostic and treatment appointment and before beginning systemic cancer treatment.Results841 patients eligible for systemic treatment with palliative intent were included between February 2020 and April 2022. A total of 71.7% had clinically significant levels of psychological distress. Univariate analyses identified that the groups with less psychological distress were male (ηp2 = 0.016), married (ηp2 = 0.006), and had a better performance status (ηp2 = 0.007). The most widely used coping strategies were positive attitude and cognitive avoidance. A positive relationship was found between uncertainty, coping strategies, and psychological distress (p < 0.05). Participants who responded with anxious preoccupation suffered more helplessness and psychological distress, while those who responded with cognitive avoidance displayed greater positive attitude and lesser psychological distress.ConclusionPatients with newly diagnosed unresectable advanced cancer frequently experience psychological distress in the face of uncertainty, potentially influenced by coping strategies like cognitive avoidance.
Prognostic factors for mental wellbeing in prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vyas Neel , Brunckhorst Oliver , Fanshawe Jack B. , Stewart Robert , Dasgupta Prokar , Ahmed Kamran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the evidence base for patient, oncological, and treatment prognostic factors associated with multiple mental wellbeing outcomes in prostate cancer patients.MethodsWe performed a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases including studies evaluating patient, oncological, or treatment factors against one of five mental wellbeing outcomes; depression, anxiety, fear of cancer recurrence, masculinity, and body image perception. Data synthesis included a random effects meta‐analysis for the prognostic effect of individual factors if sufficient homogenous data was available, with a structured narrative synthesis where this was not possible.ResultsA final 62 articles were included. Older age was associated with a reducing odds of depression (OR 0.97, p = 0.04), with little evidence of effect for other outcomes. Additionally, baseline mental health status was related to depression and increasing time since diagnosis was associated with reducing fear of recurrence, albeith with low certainty of evidence. However, few other patient or oncological factors demonstrated any coherent relationship with any wellbeing outcome. Androgen deprivation therapy was associated with increased depression (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.41–1.92, p < 0.01) and anxiety, however, little difference was seen between other treatment options. Overall, whilst numerous factors were identified, most were evaluated by single studies with few evaluating masculinity and body image outcomes.ConclusionWe highlight the existing evidence for prognostic factors in mental wellbeing outcomes in prostate cancer, allowing us to consider high‐risk groups of patients for preventative and treatment measures. However, the current evidence is heterogenous with further work required exploring less conclusive factors and outcomes.
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion vancomycin in adult people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lindley Bryn , Bhakta Zubin , Leclair Laurie , Young David C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe American Thoracic Society Guidelines recommend vancomycin as first line option for treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Two studies have described the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intermittent intravenous (IV) vancomycin in adult people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Currently, there have not been any studies describing the PK of continuous infusion vancomycin in PwCF. Our study aimed to describe the PK of continuous infusion vancomycin in adult PwCF.MethodsIncluded patients were adult PwCF, who were admitted to University of Utah Hospital between May 11, 2014 and August 31, 2020, and received continuous infusion vancomycin for the treatment of an pulmonary exacerbations. The primary outcome was to describe vancomycin clearance rate (CLvanco) and total daily dose (TDD). Secondary outcomes included rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), liver injury, and infusion‐related reactions.ResultsTwenty patients were included in this study. The mean CLvanco was 5.08 L/h on Day 3 and 4.58 L/h on Day 7 (p = .04), and the TDD increased from 2444 mg on Day 3 to 2556 on Day 7, although not statistically significant (p = 0.26). Zero patients experienced an AKI, two patients experienced liver injury, and no patients experienced infusion‐related reactions.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that continuous infusion vancomycin PK, namely CLvanco, is similar to previously reported CLvanco for intermittent dosed IV vancomycin in adult PwCF. This study suggests that continuous infusion vancomycin is likely safe to use in adult PwCF.
Black Holes as Frozen Stars: Regular Interior Geometry
Authors: Brustein Ram , Medved Allan Joseph Michael , Shindelman Tom , Simhon Tamar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe authors have proposed a model geometry for the interior of a regular black hole (BH) mimicker, the frozen star, whose most startling feature is that each spherical shell in its interior is a surface of infinite redshift. The geometry is a solution of the Einstein equations which is sourced by an exotic matter with maximally negative radial pressure. The frozen star geometry is previously presented in singular coordinates for which and vanish in the bulk and connect smoothly to the Schwarzschild exterior. Additionally, the geometry is mildly singular in the center of the star. Here, the authors present regular coordinates for the entirety of the frozen star. Each zero in the metric is replaced with a small, dimensionless parameter ε; in both and thus maintaining maximally negative radial pressure. The authors also regularize the geometry, energy density and pressure in the center of the star in a smooth way. The frozen star solution presented here is a completely regular solution of Einstein's equations whose compactness is arbitrarily close to that of a Schwarzschild BH. It obeys the null energy condition, the universally agreed‐upon energy condition, and it is free of any known pathology. As far as it is known, this is the first solution that obeys all of these constraints and, in addition, as will be shown in a future publication, can mimic all of the thermodynamic properties of a standard BH. Our initial analysis uses Schwarzschild‐like coordinates and applies the Killing equations to show that an infalling, point‐like object will move very slowly, effectively sticking to the surface of the star and never coming out. If one nevertheless follows the trajectory of the object into the interior of the star, it moves along an almost‐radial trajectory until it comes within a small distance from the star's center. Once there, if the object has any amount of angular momentum at all, it will be reflected outwards by a potential barrier onto a different almost‐radial trajectory. Finally, using Kruskal‐like coordinates, the causal structure of the regularized frozen star and discuss its limit, for which the geometry degenerates and becomes effectively two dimensional is considered.
Mixed reality in primary retroperitoneal tumour surgery: Evaluation of preoperative and intraoperative application value
Authors: Shi Xiaoqiang , Guo Hainan , Zhu Chao , Qiu Guanglin , Liang Ting , Lian Jie , Ma Yanfei , Wang Shufeng , Li Xuqi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and application value of mixed reality technology (MR) in Primary retroperitoneal tumour (PRT) surgery.MethodsFrom 276 patients who underwent PRT resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, we screened 46 patients who underwent MR‐assisted retroperitoneal tumour resection and 46 patients who underwent tumour resection without MR assistance. The intraoperative and postoperative recovery of the patients in both groups were compared, and the reliability and validity of the application of MR were further examined using the Likert scale.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the mean intraoperative bleeding volume between the two groups, but it was reduced in the MR group. The results of the Likert scale showed higher scores in the MR group than non‐MR group.ConclusionsMR can be used to assist PRT resection and has great potential to improve the rate of complete retroperitoneal tumour resection.
Design and implementation of shape‐adaptive and multifunctional robotic gripper
Authors: Aqib Muhammad , Imran Abid , Khan Khurram , Arsalan Muhammad , Manzoor Sajjad , Long Kang , Yi Byung‐Ju 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a multifunctional underactuated two fingered adaptive grippers for grasping a wide range of objects in different working scenarios. Two layered‐based novel multifunctional gripper design is proposed by stacking a multijointed closed‐chain mechanism over a multijointed double parallelogram mechanism to achieve a maximum number of grasping techniques. The multijointed closed‐chain mechanism is employed to perform power, shape‐adaptive grasping, and a multijointed double parallelogram mechanism is used to perform scooping, parallel, and pinch grasping. For stable shape‐adaptive/power grasping, the proposed design allows more contact points between the object and the contact surface of fingers as compared to previous gripper mechanisms. Moreover, a complete mathematical model relating the contact forces at the links of each finger to the linear actuation force and spring torque is developed to conduct stability analysis of the proposed gripper design. Finally, simulations and several experiments are performed using real objects in a reconfigurable environment to demonstrate and validate the stable grasping capabilities of the proposed gripper.
When does cognitive crafting matter more in enhancing employee thriving at work? The moderating role of skill variety and job autonomy
Authors: Wang Zhongjun , Wang Yiguang , Jex Steve M. , Liu Lidan , Cao Jiangyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe job crafting literature has not devoted much attention to the effects of specific forms of job crafting, particularly cognitive crafting. The present study builds on Conservation of Resources theory to explain how cognitive crafting might influence work meaningfulness for employees, and in turn, increase their experienced thriving at work. Moreover, we hypothesise that the impact of cognitive crafting on these outcomes is influenced by two motivational job characteristics: skill variety and job autonomy. To test our hypotheses, we collected three‐wave survey data from 223 employees employed in a variety of occupations and industries in China. Results indicate that engaging in cognitive crafting enhances employees' work meaningfulness, resulting in thriving at work. Furthermore, skill variety and job autonomy are crucial moderators of these relationships. Specifically, when employees perceived low levels of skill variety or job autonomy, engaging in cognitive crafting was more likely to lead to enhanced work meaningfulness, which in turn resulted in higher levels of thriving at work. Implications for research, theory and practice are discussed.
Self‐Adaptive Liquid Film: Dynamic Realization of Dendrite‐Free Zn Deposition Toward Ultralong‐Life Aqueous Zn Battery
Authors: Diao Wan‐Yue , Xie Dan , Sang Yuan , Tao Fang‐Yu , Liu Chang , Sun Hai‐Zhu , Li Wen‐Liang , Wu Xing‐Long , Zhang Jing‐Ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe poor reversibility and stability of Zn metal anode (ZMA) caused by uncontrolled Zn deposition behaviors and serious side reactions severely impeded the practical application of aqueous Zn metal battery. Herein, a liquid‐dynamic and self‐adaptive protective layer (LSPL) was constructed on the ZMA surface for inhibiting dendrites and by‐products formation. Interestingly, the outer LSPL consists of liquid perfluoropolyether (PFPE), which can dynamically adapt volume change during repeat cycling and inhibit side reactions. Moreover, it can also decrease the de‐solvation energy barrier of Zn2+ by strong interaction between C–F bond and foreign Zn2+, improving Zn2+ transport kinetics. For the LSPL inner region, in‐situ formed ZnF2 through the spontaneous chemical reaction between metallic Zn and part PFPE can establish an unimpeded Zn2+ migration pathway for accelerating ion transfer, thereby restricting Zn dendrites formation. Consequently, the LSPL‐modified ZMA enables reversible Zn deposition/dissolution up to 2000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and high coulombic efficiency of 99.8% at 4 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, LSPL@Zn||NH4V4O10 full cells deliver an ultralong cycling lifespan of 100 00 cycles with 0.0056% per cycle decay rate at 10 A g−1. This self‐adaptive layer provides a new strategy to improve the interface stability for next‐generation aqueous Zn battery.
Inference for joint quantile and expected shortfall regression
Authors: Peng Xiang , Judy Wang Huixia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractQuantiles and expected shortfalls are commonly used risk measures in financial risk management. The two measurements are correlated while having distinguished features. In this project, our primary goal is to develop a stable and practical inference method for the conditional expected shortfall. We consider the joint modelling of conditional quantile and expected shortfall to facilitate the statistical inference procedure. While the regression coefficients can be estimated jointly by minimizing a class of strictly consistent joint loss functions, the computation is challenging, especially when the dimension of parameters is large since the loss functions are neither differentiable nor convex. We propose a two‐step estimation procedure to reduce the computational effort by first estimating the quantile regression parameters with standard quantile regression. We show that the two‐step estimator has the same asymptotic properties as the joint estimator, but the former is numerically more efficient. We develop a score‐type inference method for hypothesis testing and confidence interval construction. Compared to the Wald‐type method, the score method is robust against heterogeneity and is superior in finite samples, especially for cases with many confounding factors. The advantages of our proposed method over existing approaches are demonstrated by simulations and empirical studies based on income and college education data.
Computational Thinking for Science: Positioning coding as a tool for doing science
Authors: Krakowski Ari , Greenwald Eric , Roman Natalie , Morales Christina , Loper Suzanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe role of computation in science is ever‐expanding and is enabling scientists to investigate complex phenomena in more powerful ways and tackle previously intractable problems. The growing role of computation has prompted calls to integrate computational thinking (CT) into science instruction in order to more authentically mirror contemporary science practice and to support inclusive engagement in science pathways. In this multimethods study, we present evidence for the Computational Thinking for Science (CT+S) instructional model designed to support broader participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pathways by (1) providing opportunities for students to learn CT within the regular school day, in core science classrooms; and (2) by reframing coding as a tool for developing solutions to compelling real‐world problems. We present core pedagogical strategies employed in the CT+S instructional model and describe its implementation into two 10‐lesson instructional units for middle‐school science classrooms. In the first unit, students create computational models of a coral reef ecosystem. In the second unit, students write code to create, analyze, and interpret data visualizations using a large air quality dataset from the United States Environmental Protection Agency to understand, communicate, and evaluate solutions for air quality concerns. In our investigation of the model's implementation through these two units, we found that participating students demonstrated statistically significant advancements in CT, competency beliefs for computation in STEM, and value assigned to computation in STEM. We also examine evidence for how the CT+S model's core pedagogical strategies may be contributing to observed outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings and propose a testable theory of action for the model that can serve future researchers, evaluators, educators, and instructional designers.
Spleen tyrosine kinase facilitates the progression of papillary thyroid cancer regulated by the hsa_circ_0006417/miR‐377‐3p axis
Authors: Tan Guangmou , Zheng Shiyang , Zhou Boxuan , Mo Zhaohong , Zhang Qiong , Zhang Donghui , Li Aimin , Liu Xinhui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a crucial enzyme that participates in various biological processes, including cancer progression. This study aims to uncover the biological function of SYK in PTC. SYK expression patterns in PTC were evaluated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blot. Cell function assays were performed to assess the effects of SYK on PTC. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify intriguing microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA). Dual‐Luciferase Reporter or RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the correlation among SYK, miR‐377‐3p, and hsa_circ_0006417. SYK was upregulated in PTC. Overexpression of SYK exhibited a positive correlation with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and unfavorable disease‐free survival. Functional assays revealed that SYK exerted tumorigenic effect on PTC cells through mTOR/4E‐BP1 pathway. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0006417 and miR‐377‐3p regulated SYK expression, offering modulating its tumor‐promoting effects. Collectively, SYK acts as an oncogene in PTC through mTOR/4E‐BP1 pathway, which is regulated by the hsa_circ_0006417/miR‐377‐3p axis, thereby providing a potential alternative for PTC treatment.
Congenital hypovitaminosis A in dairy cattle
Authors: Sosa Emiliano , Morrell Eleonora L. , Llada Ignacio , Odriozola Ernesto R. , Cantón Germán J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHypovitaminosis A negatively impacts the health of ruminants feeding on low‐fresh forage diets for long periods of time. Although this disease is characterised by different clinical presentations, its congenital form is underreported. Here, we describe an outbreak of vitamin A deficiency that affected 30% of calves born in a dairy heifer herd. At birth, the affected animals showed weakness, ataxia, mydriasis, bluish coloration of the tapetum lacidum and blindness as the main clinical signs. The gross pathological findings at postmortem examination revealed cerebellar herniation, flattened gyri and narrowed sulci of the cerebral cortex in an affected calf. Histopathology showed squamous metaplasia of the efferent ducts in the parotid gland and hyperkeratosis of the ruminal mucosa. In addition, the plasma levels of vitamin A in the heifers and calves were below the reference values. These results confirmed the first reported case of congenital hypovitaminosis A in cattle in Argentina.
Famines in medieval and early modern Europe—Connecting climate and society
Authors: Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Seim Andrea , Collet Dominik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe article evaluates recent scholarship on famines in Europe during the medieval and early modern periods (c. 700–1800), synthesizing the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and identifying both research gaps and interdisciplinary potentials. Particular focus is placed on how, and to what extent, climatic change and variability is given explanatory power in famine causation. Current research, supported by recent advances in palaeoclimatology, reveals that anomalous cold conditions constituted the main environmental backdrop for severe food production crises that could result in famines in pre‐industrial Europe. Such food crises occurred most frequently between c. 1550 and 1710, during the climax of the Little Ice Age cooling, and can be connected to the strong dependency on grain in Europe during this period. The available body of scholarship demonstrates that famines in medieval and early modern Europe best can be understood as the result of the interactions of climatic and societal stressors responding to pre‐existing vulnerabilities. Recent research has shown that societal responses to these famines, and the appropriation of their consequences, have been much more comprehensive, dynamic, and substantial than previously assumed. The article concludes by providing recommendations for future studies on historical famines.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Major Historical Eras
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Paleoclimate
Laser-induced alloy nanoparticles: Au–Sn thin film morphology influence on the dewetting process
Authors: Dzienny Paulina , Rerek Tomasz , Szczęsny Robert , Trzcinski Marek , Skowroński Łukasz , Antończak Arkadiusz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the impact of thin Au–Sn layers morphology on the formation of laser-induced alloy nanoparticles (ANPs) is investigated. Also, the changes in composition observed over time in thin films are analysed. The influence of deposition rate and elemental composition was studied. The tests were performed on five sets of samples of varying atomic ratios of Au–Sn and film thickness, for which the optical parameters were measured with the spectroscopic ellipsometry technique (SE). The samples were dewetted with a nanosecond Yb:glass fibre laser. All fabricated surfaces were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the chemical composition of obtained structures was analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).