bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagenesis Decreasing the Mo Isotopic Composition in Estuarine Systems: Implications for Constraining Its Riverine Input to Ocean
Authors: Wang Zhibing , Ye Feng , Li Jie , Ma Jinlong , Chen Yiwei , Liu Xi , Huang Chao , Zeng Ti , Wei Gangjian , Hong Qingquan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the geochemical behavior of the Mo isotopes in estuarine systems is essential for determining the isotopic composition of riverine inputs to the ocean and for assessing the historical oxidation state of Earth’s ancient oceans. However, the extent and mechanisms of Mo isotope fractionation during estuarine processes are not yet fully understood. This study systematically investigated the seasonal and spatial variations in aqueous and particulate δ98Mo values within the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). Our research found that aqueous δ98Moaque. values in both summer and winter deviated significantly from the theoretical mixing line for the PRE. Based on the geochemical characteristics of the water column, particulate matter, and pore water in the PRE, we first propose that diagenesis release from sediments is the predominant factor resulting in lower than anticipated aqueous δ98Moaque. values. Given the prevalence of suboxic and anoxic sediments in estuarine and coastal areas, such diagenetic release may substantially decrease the global riverine influx of aqueous Mo isotopes to the ocean. Additionally, particulate δ98MoSPM values exhibit an increasing trend (from 0.02 to 1.62‰) with increasing salinity in both seasons, suggesting that the terrestrial input particulate δ98MoSPM value would be heavier than the mean value for UCC. We hypothesize that the adsorption and desorption processes involving Fe (hydro) oxides predominantly influence this trend. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms of aqueous and particulate Mo isotopic fractionation in estuarine systems and would be helpful in constraining Mo isotopic compositions of rivers and oceans.
Evaluation of IMERG and GSMaP for Tropical Cyclone Applications
Authors: Yang Song , Surratt Melinda , Whitcomb Timothy R. , Camacho C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study compares rainfall from NASA Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG V06) and JAXA Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP V4) for tropical cyclone (TC) applications against satellite microwave‐derived Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF V05) precipitation data retrieved from 2000 to 2012. From a global data set of storms, all three products show consistent patterns in 1‐dimensional azimuthal averages and in 2‐dimensional rainfall distributions (where spatial correlation values are near 1.0). However, both IMERG and GSMaP overestimate precipitation amounts against GPROF, and IMERG overestimations are much higher than GSMaP within 125 km of the storm center. Based on this analysis, IMERG and GSMaP rainfall could be used to analyze TC precipitation patterns at high spatiotemporal resolutions. However, caution is required if high accuracy TC precipitation amplitude is required, particularly for IMERG. This study highlights opportunities to improve future versions of IMERG and GSMaP retrieval processing to reduce the discrepancies with GPROF.
Assessment of Dust Size Retrievals Based on AERONET: A Case Study of Radiative Closure From Visible‐Near‐Infrared to Thermal Infrared
Authors: Zheng Jianyu , Zhang Zhibo , DeSouza‐Machado Sergio , Ryder Claire L. , Garnier Anne , Di Biagio Claudia , Yang Ping , Welton Ellsworth J. , Yu Hongbin , Barreto Africa , Gonzalez Margarita Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSuper‐coarse dust particles (diameters >10 μm) are evidenced to be more abundant in the atmosphere than model estimates and contribute significantly to the dust climate impacts. Since super‐coarse dust accounts for less dust extinction in the visible‐to‐near‐infrared (VIS‐NIR) than in the thermal infrared (TIR) spectral regime, they are suspected to be underestimated by remote sensing instruments operates only in VIS‐NIR, including Aerosol Robotic Networks (AERONET), a widely used data set for dust model validation. In this study, we perform a radiative closure assessment using the AERONET‐retrieved size distribution in comparison with the collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) TIR observations with comprehensive uncertainty analysis. The consistently warm bias in the comparisons suggests a potential underestimation of super‐coarse dust in the AERONET retrievals due to the limited VIS‐NIR sensitivity. An extra super‐coarse mode included in the AERONET‐retrieved size distribution helps improve the TIR closure without deteriorating the retrieval accuracy in the VIS‐NIR.
Evaluation of Stratocumulus Evolution Under Contrasting Temperature Advections in CESM2 Through a Lagrangian Framework
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , Zheng Youtong , Li Zhanqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study leveraged a Lagrangian framework to examine the evolution of stratocumulus clouds under cold and warm advections (CADV and WADV) in the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2) against observations. We found that CESM2 simulates a too rapid decline in low‐cloud fraction (LCF) and cloud liquid water path (CLWP) under CADV conditions, while it better aligns closely with observed LCF under WADV conditions but overestimates the increase in CLWP. Employing an explainable machine learning approach, we found that too rapid decreases in LCF and CLWP under CADV conditions are related to overestimated drying effects induced by sea surface temperature, whereas the substantial increase in CLWP under WADV conditions is associated with the overestimated moistening effects due to free‐tropospheric moisture and surface winds. Our findings suggest that overestimated drying effects of sea surface temperature on cloud properties might be one of crucial causes for the high equilibrium climate sensitivity in CESM2.
Source Parameter Scaling Relations for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes: Exploration With the Single Asperity Model
Authors: Shimmoto Shota 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the scaling laws of source parameters is a fundamental subject in seismology. This study conducts spectral ratio analysis to estimate the source parameters for 409 shallow crustal earthquakes with Mw 3.2–6.0 in Japan. Subsequently, the source parameter scaling relations are investigated for a wide magnitude range by combining the results of this and previous studies. The spectral ratio method applied in this study provides the finite source properties of the localized area with large slip. The single asperity model, a simple heterogeneous source model with a single localized area with large slip, is used to estimate the stress drop since it can be more suitable to characterize earthquake sources than the standard homogeneous circular source. This investigation calibrates the constant to link the corner frequency and the source radius by comparing the corner frequency and source area estimated by the spectral ratio analyses. This calibrated constant is used to re‐calculate the stress drop of small earthquakes from the corner frequency estimated in previous studies. The stress drop and apparent stress increase with increasing magnitude up to Mw ∼ 5 and become magnitude‐independent for larger earthquakes. The radiation efficiency ranges typically from 0.1 to 1.0 and is independent of magnitude. The slip dependences of the stress drop, apparent stress, radiation efficiency, and fracture energy observed in this study are explained by the ones predicted from the slip‐weakening model incorporating the thermal pressurization effect. Thermal pressurization is one of the possible mechanisms explaining the observed source parameter scaling relations.
Defining Mesoscale Eddies Boundaries From In‐Situ Data and a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Barabinot Yan , Speich Sabrina , Carton Xavier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMesoscale eddies play an important role in transporting water properties, enhancing air‐sea interactions, and promoting large‐scale mixing of the ocean. They are generally referred to as “coherent” structures because they are organized, rotating fluid elements that propagate within the ocean and have long lifetimes (months or even years). Eddies have been sampled by sparse in‐situ vertical profiles, but because in‐situ ocean observations are limited, they have been characterized primarily from satellite observations, numerical simulations, or relatively idealized geophysical fluid dynamics methods. However, each of these approaches has its limitations. Many questions about the general structure and “coherence” of ocean eddies remain unanswered. In this study, we investigate the properties of seven mesoscale eddies sampled with relative accuracy during four different field experiments in the Atlantic. Our results suggest that the Ertel Potential Vorticity (EPV) is a suitable parameter to isolate and characterize the eddy cores and their boundaries. The latter appear as regions of finite horizontal extent, characterized by a local extremum of the vertical and horizontal components of the EPV. These are found to be closely related to the presence of a different water mass in the core (relative to the background) and the steepening of the isopycnals due to eddy occurrence and dynamics. Based on these results, we propose a new criterion for defining eddies at the mesoscale. We test our approach using a theoretical framework and explore the possible magnitude of this new criterion, including its upper bound.
Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries
Authors: Andrighetto Giulia , Szekely Aron , Guido Andrea , Gelfand Michele , Abernathy Jered , Arikan Gizem , Aycan Zeynep , Bankar Shweta , Barrera Davide , Basnight-Brown Dana , Belaus Anabel , Berezina Elizaveta , Blumen Sheyla , Boski Paweł , Bui Huyen Thi Thu , Cárdenas Juan Camilo , Čekrlija Đorđe , de Barra Mícheál , de Zoysa Piyanjali , Dorrough Angela , Engelmann Jan B. , Euh Hyun , Fiedler Susann , Foster-Gimbel Olivia , Freitas Gonçalo , Fülöp Marta , Gardarsdottir Ragna B. , Gill Colin Mathew Hugues D. , Glöckner Andreas , Graf Sylvie , Grigoryan Ani , Growiec Katarzyna , Hashimoto Hirofumi , Hopthrow Tim , Hřebíčková Martina , Imada Hirotaka , Kamijo Yoshio , Kapoor Hansika , Kashima Yoshihisa , Khachatryan Narine , Kharchenko Natalia , León Diana , Leslie Lisa M. , Li Yang , Liik Kadi , Liuzza Marco Tullio , Maitner Angela T. , Mamidi Pavan , McArdle Michele , Medhioub Imed , Teixeira Maria Luisa Mendes , Mentser Sari , Morales Francisco , Narayanan Jayanth , Nitta Kohei , Nussinson Ravit , Onyedire Nneoma G. , Onyishi Ike E. , Osin Evgeny , Özden Seniha , Panagiotopoulou Penny , Pereverziev Oleksandr , Perez-Floriano Lorena R. , Pirttilä-Backman Anna-Maija , Pogosyan Marianna , Raver Jana , Reyna Cecilia , Rodrigues Ricardo Borges , Romanò Sara , Romero Pedro P. , Sakki Inari , Sánchez Angel , Sherbaji Sara , Simpson Brent , Spadoni Lorenzo , Stamkou Eftychia , Travaglino Giovanni A. , Van Lange Paul A. M. , Winata Fiona Fira , Zein Rizqy Amelia , Zhang Qing-peng , Eriksson Kimmo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat.
A general supramolecular strategy for fabricating full-color-tunable thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials
Authors: Xue Nan , Zhou He-Ye , Han Ying , Li Meng , Lu Hai-Yan , Chen Chuan-Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping a facile and feasible strategy to fabricate thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials exhibiting full-color tunability remains an appealing yet challenging task. In this work, a general supramolecular strategy for fabricating thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials is proposed. Consequently, a series of host–guest cocrystals are prepared by electron-donating calix[3]acridan and various electron-withdrawing guests. Owing to the through-space charge transfer mediated by multiple noncovalent interactions, these cocrystals all display efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Especially, by delicately modulating the electron-withdrawing ability of the guest molecules, the emission colors of these cocrystals can be continuously tuned from blue (440 nm) to red (610 nm). Meanwhile, high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 87% is achieved. This research not only provides an alternative and general strategy for the fabrication of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials, but also establishes a reliable supramolecular protocol toward the design of advanced luminescent materials.
Pro-ferroptotic signaling promotes arterial aging via vascular smooth muscle cell senescence
Authors: Sun Di-Yang , Wu Wen-Bin , Wu Jian-Jin , Shi Yu , Xu Jia-Jun , Ouyang Shen-Xi , Chi Chen , Shi Yi , Ji Qing-Xin , Miao Jin-Hao , Fu Jiang-Tao , Tong Jie , Zhang Ping-Ping , Zhang Jia-Bao , Li Zhi-Yong , Qu Le-Feng , Shen Fu-Ming , Li Dong-Jie , Wang Pei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSenescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to aging-related cardiovascular diseases by promoting arterial remodelling and stiffness. Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death associated with lipid oxidation. Here, we show that pro-ferroptosis signaling drives VSMCs senescence to accelerate vascular NAD+ loss, remodelling and aging. Pro-ferroptotic signaling is triggered in senescent VSMCs and arteries of aged mice. Furthermore, the activation of pro-ferroptotic signaling in VSMCs not only induces NAD+ loss and senescence but also promotes the release of a pro-senescent secretome. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of pro-ferroptosis signaling, ameliorates VSMCs senescence, reduces vascular stiffness and retards the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. Mechanistically, we revealed that inhibition of pro-ferroptotic signaling facilitates the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of proliferator-activated receptor-γ and, thereby impeding nuclear receptor coactivator 4-ferrtin complex-centric ferritinophagy. Finally, the activated pro-ferroptotic signaling correlates with arterial stiffness in a human proof-of-concept study. These findings have significant implications for future therapeutic strategies aiming to eliminate vascular ferroptosis in senescence- or aging-associated cardiovascular diseases.
DNA binding redistributes activation domain ensemble and accessibility in pioneer factor Sox2
Authors: Bjarnason Sveinn , McIvor Jordan A. P. , Prestel Andreas , Demény Kinga S. , Bullerjahn Jakob T. , Kragelund Birthe B. , Mercadante Davide , Heidarsson Pétur O. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMore than 1600 human transcription factors orchestrate the transcriptional machinery to control gene expression and cell fate. Their function is conveyed through intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) containing activation or repression domains but lacking quantitative structural ensemble models prevents their mechanistic decoding. Here we integrate single-molecule FRET and NMR spectroscopy with molecular simulations showing that DNA binding can lead to complex changes in the IDR ensemble and accessibility. The C-terminal IDR of pioneer factor Sox2 is highly disordered but its conformational dynamics are guided by weak and dynamic charge interactions with the folded DNA binding domain. Both DNA and nucleosome binding induce major rearrangements in the IDR ensemble without affecting DNA binding affinity. Remarkably, interdomain interactions are redistributed in complex with DNA leading to variable exposure of two activation domains critical for transcription. Charged intramolecular interactions allowing for dynamic redistributions may be common in transcription factors and necessary for sensitive tuning of structural ensembles.
Hijacking of nucleotide biosynthesis and deamidation-mediated glycolysis by an oncogenic herpesvirus
Authors: Wan Quanyuan , Tavakoli Leah , Wang Ting-Yu , Tucker Andrew J. , Zhou Ruiting , Liu Qizhi , Feng Shu , Choi Dongwon , He Zhiheng , Gack Michaela U. , Zhao Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and multiple types of B cell malignancies. Emerging evidence demonstrates that KSHV reprograms host-cell central carbon metabolic pathways, which contributes to viral persistence and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying KSHV-mediated metabolic reprogramming remain poorly understood. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) is a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and was recently identified to deamidate the NF-κB subunit RelA to promote aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation. Here we report that KSHV infection exploits CAD for nucleotide synthesis and glycolysis. Mechanistically, KSHV vCyclin binds to and hijacks cyclin-dependent kinase CDK6 to phosphorylate Ser-1900 on CAD, thereby activating CAD-mediated pyrimidine synthesis and RelA-deamidation-mediated glycolytic reprogramming. Correspondingly, genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of CDK6 and CAD potently impeded KSHV lytic replication and thwarted tumorigenesis of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our work defines a viral metabolic reprogramming mechanism underpinning KSHV oncogenesis, which may spur the development of new strategies to treat KSHV-associated malignancies and other diseases.
First-in-human controlled inhalation of thin graphene oxide nanosheets to study acute cardiorespiratory responses
Authors: Andrews Jack P. M. , Joshi Shruti S. , Tzolos Evangelos , Syed Maaz B. , Cuthbert Hayley , Crica Livia E. , Lozano Neus , Okwelogu Emmanuel , Raftis Jennifer B. , Bruce Lorraine , Poland Craig A. , Duffin Rodger , Fokkens Paul H. B. , Boere A. John F. , Leseman Daan L. A. C. , Megson Ian L. , Whitfield Phil D. , Ziegler Kerstin , Tammireddy Seshu , Hadjidemetriou Marilena , Bussy Cyrill , Cassee Flemming R. , Newby David E. , Kostarelos Kostas , Miller Mark R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGraphene oxide nanomaterials are being developed for wide-ranging applications but are associated with potential safety concerns for human health. We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled study to determine how the inhalation of graphene oxide nanosheets affects acute pulmonary and cardiovascular function. Small and ultrasmall graphene oxide nanosheets at a concentration of 200 μg m−3 or filtered air were inhaled for 2 h by 14 young healthy volunteers in repeated visits. Overall, graphene oxide nanosheet exposure was well tolerated with no adverse effects. Heart rate, blood pressure, lung function and inflammatory markers were unaffected irrespective of graphene oxide particle size. Highly enriched blood proteomics analysis revealed very few differential plasma proteins and thrombus formation was mildly increased in an ex vivo model of arterial injury. Overall, acute inhalation of highly purified and thin nanometre-sized graphene oxide nanosheets was not associated with overt detrimental effects in healthy humans. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of carefully controlled human exposures at a clinical setting for risk assessment of graphene oxide, and lay the foundations for investigating the effects of other two-dimensional nanomaterials in humans. Clinicaltrials.gov ref: NCT03659864.
Longitudinal gut microbiome changes in immune checkpoint blockade-treated advanced melanoma
Authors: Björk Johannes R. , Bolte Laura A. , Maltez Thomas Andrew , Lee Karla A. , Rossi Niccolo , Wind Thijs T. , Smit Lotte M. , Armanini Federica , Asnicar Francesco , Blanco-Miguez Aitor , Board Ruth , Calbet-Llopart Neus , Derosa Lisa , Dhomen Nathalie , Brooks Kelly , Harland Mark , Harries Mark , Lorigan Paul , Manghi Paolo , Marais Richard , Newton-Bishop Julia , Nezi Luigi , Pinto Federica , Potrony Miriam , Puig Susana , Serra-Bellver Patricio , Shaw Heather M. , Tamburini Sabrina , Valpione Sara , Waldron Levi , Zitvogel Laurence , Zolfo Moreno , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Nathan Paul , Fehrmann Rudolf S. N. , Spector Tim D. , Bataille Véronique , Segata Nicola , Hospers Geke A. P. , Weersma Rinse K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMultiple clinical trials targeting the gut microbiome are being conducted to optimize treatment outcomes for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). To improve the success of these interventions, understanding gut microbiome changes during ICB is urgently needed. Here through longitudinal microbiome profiling of 175 patients treated with ICB for advanced melanoma, we show that several microbial species-level genome bins (SGBs) and pathways exhibit distinct patterns from baseline in patients achieving progression-free survival (PFS) of 12 months or longer (PFS ≥12) versus patients with PFS shorter than 12 months (PFS <12). Out of 99 SGBs that could discriminate between these two groups, 20 were differentially abundant only at baseline, while 42 were differentially abundant only after treatment initiation. We identify five and four SGBs that had consistently higher abundances in patients with PFS ≥12 and <12 months, respectively. Constructing a log ratio of these SGBs, we find an association with overall survival. Finally, we find different microbial dynamics in different clinical contexts including the type of ICB regimen, development of immune-related adverse events and concomitant medication use. Insights into the longitudinal dynamics of the gut microbiome in association with host factors and treatment regimens will be critical for guiding rational microbiome-targeted therapies aimed at enhancing ICB efficacy.