bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the prostate specific antigen era
Authors: D'Amico Anthony V. , Whittington Richard , Malkowicz S. Bruce , Cote Kerri , Loffredo Marian , Schultz Delray , Chen Ming‐Hui , Tomaszewski John E. , Renshaw Andrew A. , Wein Alan , Richie Jerome P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, consensus is lacking regarding the relative long‐term efficacy of radical prostatectomy (RP) versus conventional‐dose external beam radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma.METHODSA retrospective cohort study of 2635 men treated with RP (n = 2254) or conventional‐dose RT (n = 381) between 1988–2000 was performed. The primary endpoint was prostate specific antigen (PSA) survival stratified by treatment received and high‐risk, intermediate‐risk, or low‐risk group based on the serum PSA level, biopsy Gleason score, 1992 American Joint Commission on Cancer clinical tumor category, and percent positive prostate biopsies.RESULTSEstimates of 8‐year PSA survival (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) for low‐risk patients (T1c,T2a, a PSA level ≤ 10 ng/mL, and a Gleason score ≤ 6) were 88% (95% CI, 85, 90) versus 78% (95% CI, 72, 83) for RP versus patients treated with RT, respectively. Eight‐year estimates of PSA survival also favored RP for intermediate‐risk patients (T2b or Gleason score 7 or a PSA level > 10 and ≤ 20 ng/mL) with < 34% positive prostate biopsies, being 79% (95% CI, 73, 85) versus 65% (95% CI, 58, 72), respectively. Estimates of PSA survival in high‐risk (T2c or PSA level > 20 ng/mL or Gleason score ≥ 8) and intermediate‐risk patients with at least 34% positive prostate biopsies initially favored RT, but were not significantly different after 8 years.CONCLUSIONSIntermediate‐risk and low‐risk patients with a low biopsy tumor volume who were treated with RP appeared to fare significantly better compared with patients who were treated using conventional‐dose RT. Intermediate‐risk and high‐risk patients with a high biopsy tumor volume who were treated with RP or RT had long‐term estimates of PSA survival that were not found to be significantly different. [See editorials on pages 211–4 and 215–8, this issue. Cancer 2002;95:281–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10657
Radical prostatectomy versus radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate carcinoma
Authors: Moul Judd W. 
Published: October 2002

The current study compares the use of radical prostatectomy and external beam radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with prostate carcinoma and concludes that radical prostatectomy is more beneficial than external beam radiation therapy for low‐risk and intermediate‐risk men with this common disease. However, the issue remains a matter of debate between urologic surgeons and radiation oncologists with regard to the treatment of localized prostate carcinoma.See also pages 215–8 and 281–6.
Implications of lymphatic drainage to unusual sentinel lymph node sites in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Sumner William E. , Ross Merrick I. , Mansfield Paul F. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Prieto Victor G. , Schacherer Christopher W. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSentinel lymphadenectomy reliably identifies the first site(s) of regional lymphatic drainage and, therefore, the most likely lymph nodes to contain occult metastasis in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. Although in most patients lymphatic drainage from the primary melanoma first reaches a standard lymph node basin, a sentinel lymph node (SLN) may be identified in an unusual location. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and significance of unusual sentinel lymph node drainage patterns in a large cohort of patients with primary melanoma.METHODSThe records of 1145 consecutive primary melanoma patients who underwent SLN biopsy were reviewed. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed in all patients with truncal melanoma and in many patients with distal extremity lesions. Unusual lymph node sites were defined as epitrochlear, popliteal, or ectopic/interval (in‐transit or any other nonstandard lymph node‐bearing area).RESULTSAt least one SLN was harvested in 1117 patients (98%). SLN biopsy of an unusual lymph node site was attempted in 59 patients (5%). Successful intraoperative localization and biopsy was performed in 54 (92%) of 59 patients for a total of 56 unusual sites. Of these, 7 (13%) were popliteal, 8 (14%) were epitrochlear, and 41 (73%) were ectopic/interval. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 41 of these 54 patients and correctly identified unusual SLN locations in 12 (29%); the majority of unusual SLNs were identified only with the assistance of the intraoperative gamma probe. In four patients (7%), the unusual lymph node site was the only site from which SLNs were harvested. In the remaining 50 patients (93%), biopsies were performed on SLNs from both unusual sites and from a standard lymph node basin. Among the 54 patients who underwent a SLN biopsy of an unusual nodal site, 7 (13%) had lymph node metastases in that location. In four of the seven patients, the only positive SLN was from the unusual site.CONCLUSIONSSentinel lymphatic drainage patterns include lymph node‐bearing areas that may be outside established standard lymph node basins and may represent the only site of regional lymph node metastases. Although preoperative lymphoscintigraphy may assist in the identification of unusual SLN drainage patterns, intraoperative use of the gamma probe is recommended to identify accurately and completely all sites of regional lymph node drainage. Cancer 2002;95:354–60. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10664
Calbindin‐D28k
Authors: Pelc Karine , Vincent Sylvie , Ruchoux Marie‐Magdeleine , Kiss Robert , Pochet Roland , Sariban Eric , Decaestecker Christine , Heizmann Claus W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe expression of the Ca2+‐binding protein calbindin‐D28kwas analyzed in medulloblastomas in relation to clinical features and other biologic markers related to cell proliferation, differentiation, p53, and cerebellar developmental regulated gene expression.METHODSImmunohistochemistry was carried out on histologic slides from a first retrospective series of 29 nonmetastatic and 10 metastatic medulloblastoma formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues, using specific antibodies against calbindin‐D28k, calretinin, α‐parvalbumin and β‐parvalbumin, and S100 proteins. Informed consent was obtained from the subjects and/or guardians. Other biologic markers for differentiation, cell proliferation, the expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene protein, and cerebellar developmental regulated genes were similarly investigated. A second series of 16 medulloblastomas from young patients (younger than 15 years) was added in order to validate the results obtained in the first series.RESULTSOf all the markers investigated, only calbindin‐D28kwas significantly associated with prognosis. Survival and remission (i.e. recurrence free) time analysis performed on all the cases (n= 55) confirmed a high risk of death (P= 0.004) and recurrence (P= 0.003) associated with calbindin‐positivity. As calbindin‐positivity was predominantly observed in tumors from young patients, the authors confirmed its prognostic value in the subgroup of patients younger than 15 years (n= 37). Cox regression analysis showed a significant and independent prognostic value for calbindin expression and, to a lesser extent, the type of surgery (total or subtotal). Three risk groups were thus identified, distinguishing among the cases characterized by a total resection and calbindin‐negativity (good prognosis), by a subtotal resection and calbindin‐negativity (intermediary), and by calbindin‐positivity (bad prognosis).CONCLUSIONSThe current study suggests that calbindin‐positive medulloblastomas represent a subclass of aggressive tumors more frequently seen in younger patients. Cancer 2002;95:410–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10666
Absence of c‐KIT and members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family in refractory germ cell cancer
Authors: Kollmannsberger C. , Mayer F. , Pressler H. , Koch S. , Kanz L. , Oosterhuis J. W. , Looijenga L. H. J. , Bokemeyer C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDGerm cell tumors (GCTs) in adolescent and young males are very sensitive to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. However, 10–20% of the patients cannot be cured by currently available therapeutic options. Once a tumor does not respond to cisplatin, current therapeutic modalities offer only a chance for short palliation. Recently, new treatment options that interfere with various receptor tyrosine kinases, including c‐KIT and members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, have been used successfully in chemotherapy‐resistant tumors overexpressing c‐KIT, ERB‐B2, or EGFR.METHODSWe studied the presence of c‐KIT and the four members of the EGFR family by immunohistochemistry, as well as by ERB‐B2 gene amplification using fluorescent in situ hybridization, in a series of 22 patients with cisplatin‐resistant GCTs in search of new treatment targets. The results in these refractory tumors were compared with those of 12 patients with chemosensitive GCTs diagnosed in an advanced metastatic stage.RESULTSThe data obtained in both groups did not differ in any of the investigated biologic markers. c‐KIT was detected in the one case of pure seminoma studied and in the seminomatous components of combined tumors. The presence of EGFR was restricted to trophoblastic giant cells and the syncytiotrophoblastic elements of four nonseminomas including one pure choriocarcinoma and to a secondary non–germ cell malignancy, which had developed most likely from a mature teratoma. ERB‐B2 was moderately positive in the secondary non–germ cell malignancy, in one mature teratoma component of a mixed nonseminoma, and together with EGFR in the syncytiotrophoblastic cells of a pure choriocarcinoma. Of all samples investigated, this latter case was the only one showing an amplification of the ERB‐B2 gene in the syncytiotrophoblasts. ERB‐B3 and ERB‐B4 were detected rarely.CONCLUSIONThe majority of refractory GCTs do not qualify for treatment with new biologic agents targeting the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR, ERB‐B2, or c‐KIT. The lack of differences between the tumors of refractory and the responsive patients indicates that overexpression of any of these receptor tyrosine kinases does not contribute to a resistant phenotype in GCTs. Cancer 2002;95:301–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10671
Fas and Fas ligand expression is elevated in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Jiazhong , Ulbright Thomas M. , Zhang Shaobo , Eckert George J. , Kao Chinghai , Gardner Thomas A. , Koch Michael O. , Eble John N. , Cheng Liang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDFas is a Type I membrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor family. On binding to Fas ligand, a Type II transmembrane protein, the Fas/Fas ligand complex, induces apoptosis in target cells. Dysregulation of Fas and Fas ligand expression has been found in some malignant neoplasms.METHODSUsing immunohistochemical analysis, the authors studied the expression of Fas and Fas ligand in prostatic adenocarcinoma, high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and adjacent benign prostate tissue from 95 radical prostatectomy specimens.RESULTSThe percentage of cells that stained positively with Fas in benign prostate tissue (mean, 2%) was statistically significantly lower compared with that in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mean, 13%; P = 0.0014) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (mean, 31%; P = 0.0001). The staining intensity of Fas was significantly less in benign prostate tissue compared with the staining intensity in PIN and prostatic adenocarcinoma. The percentage of cells that stained positively with Fas ligand in benign prostate tissue (mean, 13%) was statistically significantly lower compared with that in PIN (mean, 47%; P = 0.0001) and in prostatic adenocarcinoma (mean, 53%; P = 0.0001). The staining intensity of Fas ligand was significantly less in benign prostate tissue compared with that in PIN and prostatic adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSIONSData from the current study indicate that Fas/Fas ligand is elevated in prostatic malignancy, suggesting that Fas‐mediated apoptosis may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Cancer 2002;95:296–300. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10674
Factors associated with interval adherence to mammography screening in a population‐based sample of New Hampshire women
Authors: Carney Patricia A. , Harwood Beth G. , Weiss Julie E. , Eliassen M. Scottie , Goodrich Martha E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDInterval adherence to mammography screening continues to be lower than experts advise. The authors evaluated, using a population‐based mammography registry, factors associated with adherence to recommended mammography screening intervals.METHODSThe authors identified and recruited 625 women aged 50 years and older who did and did not adhere to interval mammography screening. Demographic and risk characteristics were ascertained from the registry and were supplemented with responses on a mailed survey to assess knowledge, perceived risk, anxiety regarding breast carcinoma and its detection, and women's experiences with mammography.RESULTSThe authors found no differences in risk factors or psychologic profiles between adhering and nonadhering women. Women who did not adhere had a statistically higher body mass index than women who did adhere (27.6 versus 26.1, P = 0.003). Exploration of mammographic experiences by group found that care taken by technologists in performing or talking women through the exam was higher in adhering women than nonadhering women (75.6% vs 65.71% for performing the exam, and 71.6% vs 60.8% for talking patients through the exam, respectively, P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe authors found that previous negative mammographic experiences, particularly those involving mammography technologists, appear to influence interval adherence to screening and that patient body size may be an important factor in this negative experience. Cancer 2002;95:219–27. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10681
A woman‐centred psychological intervention for premenstrual symptoms, drawing on cognitive‐behavioural and narrative therapy
Authors: Ussher Jane M , Hunter Myra , Cariss Margaret 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA women‐centred psychological intervention for premenstrual symptoms, drawing on cognitive‐behavioural and narrative therapy, has been developed. In a randomized control trial previously reported, this treatment was found to be as effective as SSRIs in reducing moderate or severe premenstrual symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to outline the multifactorial model of premenstrual symptoms that underpinned this intervention, describe the treatment in detail session by session, and present two case examples drawing on narrative interviews conducted pre and post treatment with the women who took part in the randomized control trial, in order to illustrate the process of change. It is argued that premenstrual symptoms arise from a complex interaction of material, discursive and intrapsychic factors, and that this needs to be taken into account when designing clinical interventions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: validation of a one‐well assay and quantitative pooling studies
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Van Pelt Colleen K. , Huang Xian , Schultz Gary A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are currently being mapped and databased at a remarkable pace, providing a viable means for understanding disease susceptibility, differential drug response and human evolution. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for SNP genotyping technologies that are simple, rapid, cost effective and readily amenable to automation for high‐throughput analyses. In this study, we improved the Survivor Assay, a SNP detection method based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), with several developments. One improvement is the development of a one‐well assay, requiring no off‐line purification of the polymerase chain reaction product, achieved by simple addition of reagent solution into a single well. Another is the on‐line separation of magnesium and dideoxynucleotides using an in‐house made monolithic metal chelating column, eliminating any off‐line sample preparation prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Here the Survivor Assay is extended from a proof‐of‐principle concept to a validated method by genotyping six SNPs from five different regions of human genomic DNA in 55 individual samples with 100% accuracy. This improved Survivor Assay eliminates the tedious and time‐consuming steps of sample preparation, minimizes sample handing and offers a high‐throughput analysis of SNPs by ESI‐MS. The current combined preparation and analysis time is 2 min per sample. The simplicity of this method has potential for full automation and parallel chromatography and, thus, reduced analysis time. In addition, we have adapted the Survivor Assay for quantitative SNP analysis in pooled DNA samples. The capabilities and sensitivity of this approach were evaluated. We demonstrate that an allele occurring at a frequency of 2% can consistently be quantitated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical mass shifts in resonance ejection experiments in the quadrupole ion trap
Authors: Li Hongyan , Plass Wolfgang R. , Patterson Garth E. , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChemical mass shifts were measured in a Paul ion trap operated in the mass‐selective instability scan with resonance ejection using a custom‐built instrument. These shifts, which can be as much as 2%, decrease with increasing endcap electrode separation owing to changes in the higher order contributions to the electric field. They also decrease with decreasing helium buffer gas pressure. Both of these effects are analogous to those found with boundary ejection. This suggests that the previously proposed chemical mass shift mechanism based on compound‐dependent collisional modification of the ejection delay produced by field faults near the endcap electrode apertures holds true also for resonance ejection. The influence of the resonance frequency on chemical mass shifts was also investigated and it is shown that at certain working points (values of the Mathieu parameter qz and az) non‐linear resonances greatly reduce the ejection delay for all ions, regardless of their chemical structures, and thus reduce the magnitude of the chemical mass shift. Energetic collisions leading to dissociation can take place at an earlier stage during the ejection process in the mass analysis scan when using resonance ejection compared with boundary ejection. This leads to even larger chemical mass shifts of fragile ions in resonance ejection. Increasing the resonance voltage amplitude can enhance this effect. The chemical mass shifts of fragile ions increase with increase in the resonance voltage amplitude, whereas negligible changes occur for structurally stable ions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different alkali metal ions on the cationization of poly(ethylene glycol)s in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: a new selectivity parameter
Authors: Kéki Sándor , Szilágyi László Sz. , Deák György , Zsuga Miklós 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe cationization of poly(ethylene glycol)s, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000, under matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization conditions was studied by using different concentration ratios of the sodium ion, as the reference ion, and another alkali metal ion (Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+). A linear correlation was found between the intensity ratio of the sodiated PEGs and PEGs cationized with alkali metal ions versus the initial concentration ratio of sodium and alkali metal ions. The slopes of these straight lines are proposed as a novel selectivity ratio for the ionization process. The intensity distribution of the cationized PEGs was also investigated. It was found that the cationized oligomers follow Poisson statistics. The Mn and Mw values were also evaluated. An explanation for the observed effects is given. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing electrochemical properties of π‐conjugated thienylenevinylenes/fullerene C60 adducts by ESI/MS: evidence for dimerized cation–radicals
Authors: Rondeau David , Martineau Corinne , Blanchard Philippe , Roncali Jean 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOligothienylenevinylenes/C60 dyads n‐C and triads n‐C2 are studied by electrospray mass spectrometry. A clear correlation is observed between the nature of the charged species detected by mass spectrometry, i.e. protonated molecule [M + H], + cation radical M+· and dication M++, and the oxidation potentials of the molecules. Moreover, under defined solubility conditions, mass spectrometry provides conclusive evidences for the reversible dimerization of cation‐radicals of n‐C2 compounds. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of invasion and differentiation in spinal cord lesion of neural stem cells grafted through cerebrospinal fluid in rat
Authors: Wu Sufan , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Noda Toru , Bai Hongliang , Kitada Masaaki , Kataoka Kazuya , Nishimura Yoshihiko , Ide Chizuka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeurospheres were obtained by culturing hippocampal cells from transgenic rat fetuses (E16) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). The neurosphere cells were injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the 4th ventricle of young rats (4 weeks old) that had been given a contusion injury at T8–9 of the spinal cord. The injected neural stem cells were transported through the CSF to the spinal cord, attached to the pial surface at the lesion, and invaded extensively into the spinal cord tissue as well as into the nerve roots. The grafted stem cells survived well in the host spinal cord for as long as 8 months after transplantation. Immunohistochemical study showed that many grafted stem cells had differentiated into astrocytes at 1–4 months, and some into oligodendrocytes at 8 months postoperatively. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the grafted stem cells were well integrated into the host tissue, extending their processes around nerve fibers in the same manner as astrocytes. In addition, grafted stem cells within nerve roots closely surrounded myelinated fibers or were integrated into unmyelinated fiber bundles; those associated with myelinated fibers formed basal laminae on their free surface, whereas those associated with unmyelinated fibers were directly attached to axons and Schwann cells, indicating that grafted stem cells behaved like Schwann cells in the nerve roots. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.