bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICAL GAUGE FIELD INDUCED BY THE BERRY PHASE MECHANISM
Authors: KIKKAWA KEIJI , TAMURA HUMITAKA 
Published: November 2004

Some part of the local gauge symmetries in the low energy region, say, lower than GUT or the Planck energy, can be an induced symmetry that can be described with the holonomy fields associated with a topologically nontrivial structure of partially compactified space. In the case where a six-dimensional space is compactified by the Kaluza-Klein mechanism into a product of the four-dimensional Minkowski space M4 and a two-dimensional Riemann surface with the genus g, Σg, we show that, in a limit where the compactification mass scale is sent to infinity, a model Lagrangian with a U(1) gauge symmetry produces the dynamical gauge fields in M4 with a product of g U(1)'s symmetry, i.e. U(1)×···×U(1). These fields are induced by a Berry phase mechanism, not by the Kaluza—Klein mechanism. The dynamical degrees of freedom of the induced fields are shown to come from the holonomies, or the solenoid potentials, associated with the cycles of Σg. The production mechanism of kinetic energy terms for the induced fields is discussed in detail.
CENTRAL PEAK ANOMALIES IN MACROSCOPIC AND IN SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS DUE TO ENTROPY FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: SCHRANZ W. , HAVLIK D. , FALLY M. 
Published: November 2004

The study of dynamical properties of crystals near structural phase transitions is still of great importance. Especially the interest on ultralow-frequency dynamics, i.e. the so called “Central-Peak question” was renewed nowadays through some recent work on the observation of Entropy Fluctuations in macroscopic susceptibilities. This so called Heat-Diffusion Central Peak was previously found in scattering experiments, and the corresponding theory was originally formulated for scattering experiments. In this work we present an overview on previous light scattering measurements of Entropy Fluctuations and very recent results concerning the observation of a Heat-Diffusion Central Peak in macroscopic properties at ultralow frequencies, which provide a new insight into the “old” Central Peak problem. The crossover functions from isothermal to adiabatic behaviour are calculated for the macroscopic susceptibilities.
THE RECURRENT EQUATIONS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS FOR KINETIC COEFFICIENTS OF DISORDERED SYSTEMS
Authors: SKAL ASYA S. 
Published: November 2004

All equations of kinetic coefficients in physics give only the first order response to the external forces and fields. However the perturbation theory provides the possibility, to obtain a new recurrence equations with recurrent solutions for all orders of responses of the Hall and Seebeck coefficients and the Poisson ratio for the conductivity in a magnetic field, for the thermopower and the elasticity of disordered systems. Zero order solution of Lame equilibrium equation expresses the Poisson ratio as νe~(p−pc)k, k=0.3, whereas the first order solution gives mean values of effective lateral displacements or forces when lateral boundaries are fixed.
THE WHEELER-DEWITT EQUATION FOR THE HETEROTIC SUPERSTRING THEORY INCLUDING TERMS QUARTIC IN THE RIEMANN TENSOR
Authors: POLLOCK M.D. 
Published: November 2004

The Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the wave function of the Universe Ψ can be derived for the heterotic superstring, after reduction of the effective action, including terms [Formula: see text] quartic in the Riemann tensor, from ten dimensions to [Formula: see text] dimensions, where [Formula: see text]. If the compactified space is Ricci flat, then no terms ℛ3 appear, since the coefficient of [Formula: see text] in the ten-dimensional action vanishes. The reduced Lagrangian, ignoring all non-gravitational fields, is then L=(16πG)−1R+a2ℛ2+a4α′2ℛ4, where G is the Newton gravitational constant, α′ is the Regge slope parameter, and a2 and a4 are dimensionless coefficients. Including only the first two terms, in the Friedmann space-time ds2=dt2−e2α(t)dx2, leads to the Schrödinger equation i∂Ψ/∂t=[−AMe−Mα∂2/∂ξ2+ VM,K(α, ξ)]Ψ, where AM is a positive constant, ξ≡dα/dt and K is the curvature of the M-space dx2. After the Wick rotation [Formula: see text], this equation becomes [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. The requirement that both V and [Formula: see text] are positive semi-definite leads to the conditions M=3, K=0, which state that space is three-dimensional and flat. Here, a more complete Schrödinger equation is derived, via a perturbative treatment of the terms a4α′2ℛ4, which lifts the degeneracy of the potential V3,0 under Wick rotations, the Lorentzian signature being energetically favoured over the Euclidean signature. This corroborates results concerning supersymmetry and the quantum mechanical consistency of the string theory on the world sheet, for which the Lorentzian signature is also necessary, as it is argued to be for the Feynman path-integral formulation of Ψ.
NUMBER-PROJECTED QUASIPARTICLE PHONON COUPLING APPLIED TO ODD-MASS Te ISOTOPES
Authors: CENEVIVA C.A.P. , LOSANO L. , DIAS H. 
Published: November 2004

The structure of low-lying levels in odd-mass Te isotopes (115≤A≤131) is examined in the framework of the projected-quasiparticle-phonon coupling model (PQPC). Effects of particle number symmetry restoration are discussed through the comparison with usual quasiparticle phonon coupling calculations (QPC). Excitation energies, dipole and quadrupole moments are calculated and compared with the experimental data. Nuclear Structure: 115−131 Te ; calculated levels J, π, S, μ, and Q. Number-projected quasiparticle-phonon coupling.
TOPOGRAPHIC MODELING OF #1 G-BANDED CHROMOSOME
Authors: RINALDI G. RUBBIA , BIANCHI N. , MARVEGGIO G. , MORABITO A. , MUSSIO P. , DI LERNIA R. 
Published: November 2004

An approach to a quantitative description of bands and interbands, representing alternating visible zones of chromatin packaging is presented. The study is performed on selected human chromosome (#1) obtained from G-banded metaphases observed by the optical microscope. In order to segment the image into structures of interest a topographic approach is proposed: greytone images are seen as landsurfaces (i.e., the grey tone of a pixel is the elevation in that point) and structures to be detected are considered as topographic relieves. In the segmentation process a rewriting process translates the greytone digital image into an image where each pixel is labelled by a symbol denoting the type of structure to which the pixel belongs. Rewriting is performed by repeatedly applying the rules of Bidimensional Lindenmayer Systems (BLS) to the input image. In each step BLS rules are applied to evaluate a local property. The repeated application of the rules combine the local properties of pixels up to an arbitrary distance, simulating an information diffusion process that determines the emergence of global properties of sets of pixels of arbitrary shape. Detected Troughs and Lowlands are interpreted as tracks of bands and interbands and from their description there derives a set of geometrical attributes. These attributes are useful to measure the distances between bands and interbands and hence to follow the dynamic packaging of chromosomes before cell division. Finally, topographic labelling seems to enhance the resolution level of chromosome features, especially for faint bands, thus it is reasonable to expect that even microvariations important in cytogenetic pathology can be detected.
SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF MYXOBACTERIA SWARMS BASED ON A ONE-DIMENSIONAL INTERACTION MODEL
Authors: PFISTNER BEATE 
Published: November 2004

Myxobacteria have a high level of intercellular coordination. Their swarms show “streets” and “whirls” of parallel gliding cells as well as wave-like moving cell density fields, so called “rippling”. The dependence from two phenomenological parameters, gliding velocity and turning frequency, has turned out to be characteristic for cell behavior at the swarm edge. As cells at the swarm edge are mostly gliding parallel in one dimension, the behavior of single cells can be comprised in a one-dimensional model describing interactions between cells of the same species in a homogenous environment, where turning frequency determines the cell density distribution via a hyperbolic differential integral equation. After specifying the parameter functions appearing in the integral, it is examined how these parameters influence the turning behavior and therefore the edge development of swarms over time. Numerical simulations of this model are performed both for the stationary and the time dependent case. For the time dependent model a front tracking method is applied using a Lagrange interpolation at the swarm edge. The simulations show that perception of different gliding directions is significant for the dynamics of swarm expansion and retraction.
A PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE WRIST DYNAMICS
Authors: PEREZ ALAIN 
Published: November 2004

The wrist articulation represents one of the most complex mechanical system of the human body. It is composed of eight bones rolling and sliding along their surface and along the faces of the five metacarpals of the hand and the two bones of the arm. The wrist dynamics is however fundamental for the hand movement, but it is so complex that it still remains incompletely explored. This work is part of a new concept of Computer Assisted Surgery, which consists in developing computer models to perfect surgery acts by predicting their consequences. The physical wrist dynamics model is based first on the static model of its bones in three dimensions. Their 3D model is chosen to optimize the collision detection procedure, which is the necessary step to estimate the physical contact constraints. As many other possible computer vision models do not fit with enough precision to this problem, a new 3D model has been developed using the Median Axis of the digital distance map of the bones reconstructed volume. The collision detection procedure is then simplified for contacts were detected between spheres. With a good 3D model of the solids, the dynamics of the wrist can then be approached by integrating its fundamental differential equations, and thanks to a geometric model of the contact constraints. The experiments of this original 3D dynamic model has already produced computer animations. The wrist dynamic model must be however completed with ligament models to reach realistic animations, which would be then compared to radio-camera data.
A Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of BAY59: A Novel Taxane
Authors: Ramnath N. , Hamm J. , Schwartz G. , Holden S. , Eckhardt S.G. , Vredenburg M.R. , Bernacki R.J. , Lathia C. , Kanter P. , Creaven P.J. 
Published: November 2004

<i>Purpose:</i> To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the dose limiting toxicities (DLT) and the pharmacokinetics of BAY59, a novel taxane given as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. <i>Experimental Design:</i> Initially, 15 patients with previously treated (median of 4 prior chemotherapy regimens) refractory cancers, but with normal marrow, hepatic and renal function were treated with BAY59 at doses of 15, 30, 50, 75 and 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> using a standard dose escalation design. Subsequently, 11 patients were treated, 5 at 90 mg/m<sup>2 </sup>and 6 who had had prior oxaliplatin at 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. <i>Results:</i> At 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, grade 4 neutropenia was noted in 2/6 patients, of whom 1 had grade 4 neutropenia lasting more than 5 days (DLT). At 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, 2/2 patients had febrile neutropenia, with 1 fatality. At 90 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, 2/5 patients had DLTs, including grade 3 neuropathy, severe lower extremity pain, dehydration and grade 4 neutropenia. The MTD was determined to be 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. A cohort of 6 patients, previously exposed to oxaliplatin, were enrolled at the MTD to evaluate the incidence of neurotoxicity. While DLTs (grade 3 arthralgia, grade 4 neutropenia) were noted in 3/6 patients, there was no increase in the incidence of neurotoxicity. There were no responses. Pharmacokinetics of BAY59 was linear over the doses studied, with a median terminal half-life of 21 h. <i>Conclusions:</i> The recommended phase II dose for BAY59 is 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>.
Tongue lesions in psoriasis: a controlled study
Authors: Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Moslehi Homayoon , Akhyani Maryam , Etesami Marjan 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background
Our objective was to study tongue lesions and their significance in psoriatic patients.

Methods
The oral mucosa was examined in 200 psoriatic patients presenting to Razi Hospital in Tehran, Iran, and 200 matched controls.

Results
Fissured tongue (FT) and benign migratory glossitis (BMG) were the two most frequent findings. FT was seen more frequently in psoriatic patients (n = 66, 33%) than the control group (n = 19, 9.5%) [odds ratio (OR): 4.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.61–8.52] (p-value < 0.0001). BMG, too, was significantly more frequent in psoriatic patients (28 cases, 14%) than the control group (12 cases, 6%) (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.20–5.50) (p-value < 0.012). In 11 patients (5.5%), FT and BMG coexisted.
FT was more frequent in pustular psoriasis (7 cases, 53.8%) than erythemato-squamous types (56 cases, 30.4%). On the other hand, the frequency of BMG increased with the severity of psoriasis in plaque-type psoriasis assessed by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score.

Conclusions
Nonspecific tongue lesions are frequently observed in psoriasis. Further studies are recommended to substantiate the clinical significance of these seemingly nonspecific findings in suspected psoriatic cases.
A survey of relationship between anxiety, depression and duration of infertility
Authors: Ramezanzadeh Fatemeh , Aghssa Malek Mansour , Abedinia Nasrin , Zayeri Farid , Khanafshar Navid , Shariat Mamak , Jafarabadi Mina 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background
A cross sectional study was designed to survey the relationship between anxiety/depression and duration/cause of infertility, in Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran.

Methods
After obtaining their consents, 370 female patients with different infertility causes participated in, and data gathered by Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Cattle questionnaires for surveying anxiety and depression due to the duration of infertility. This was studied in relation to patients' age, educational level, socio-economic status and job (patients and their husbands).

Results
Age range was 17–45 years and duration and cause of infertility was 1–20 years. This survey showed that 151 women (40.8%) had depression and 321 women (86.8%) had anxiety. Depression had a significant relation with cause of infertility, duration of infertility, educational level, and job of women. Anxiety had a significant relationship with duration of infertility and educational level, but not with cause of infertility, or job. Findings showed that anxiety and depression were most common after 4–6 years of infertility and especially severe depression could be found in those who had infertility for 7–9 years.

Conclusions
Adequate attention to these patients psychologically and treating them properly, is of great importance for their mental health and will improve quality of their lives.
Insulin expressing hepatocytes not destroyed in transgenic NOD mice
Authors: Tabiin Muhammad T , White Christopher P , Morahan Grant , Tuch Bernard E 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background
The liver has been suggested as a suitable target organ for gene therapy of Type 1 diabetes. However, the fundamental issue whether insulin-secreting hepatocytes in vivo will be destroyed by the autoimmune processes that kill pancreatic β cells has not been fully addressed. It is possible that the insulin secreting liver cells will be destroyed by the immune system because hepatocytes express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and exhibit constitutive Fas expression; moreover the liver has antigen presenting activity. Together with previous reports that proinsulin is a possible autoantigen in the development of Type 1 diabetes, the autoimmune destruction of insulin producing liver cells is a distinct possibility.

Methods
To address this question, transgenic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice which express insulin in the liver were made using the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter to drive the mouse insulin I gene (Ins).

Results
The liver cells were found to possess preproinsulin mRNA, translate (pro)insulin in vivo and release it when exposed to 100 nmol/l glucagon in vitro. The amount of insulin produced was however significantly lower than that produced by the pancreas. The transgenic PEPCK-Ins NOD mice became diabetic at 20–25 weeks of age, with blood glucose levels of 24.1 ± 1.7 mmol/l. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of liver sections from these transgenic NOD PEPCK-Ins mice revealed the absence of an infiltrate of immune cells, a feature that characterised the pancreatic islets of these mice.

Conclusions
These data show that hepatocytes induced to produce (pro)insulin in NOD mice are not destroyed by an ongoing autoimmune response; furthermore the expression of (pro)insulin in hepatocytes is insufficient to prevent development of diabetes in NOD mice. These results support the use of liver cells as a potential therapy for type 1 diabetes. However it is possible that a certain threshold level of (pro)insulin production might have to be reached to trigger the autoimmune response.
Breast fibroblasts modulate epithelial cell proliferation in three-dimensional in vitro co-culture
Authors: Sadlonova Andrea , Novak Zdenek , Johnson Martin R , Bowe Damon B , Gault Sandra R , Page Grier P , Thottassery Jaideep V , Welch Danny R , Frost Andra R 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background
Stromal fibroblasts associated with in situ and invasive breast carcinoma differ phenotypically from fibroblasts associated with normal breast epithelium, and these alterations in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) may promote breast carcinogenesis and cancer progression. A better understanding of the changes that occur in fibroblasts during carcinogenesis and their influence on epithelial cell growth and behavior could lead to novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. To this end, the effect of CAF and normal breast-associated fibroblasts (NAF) on the growth of epithelial cells representative of pre-neoplastic breast disease was assessed.

Methods
NAF and CAF were grown with the nontumorigenic MCF10A epithelial cells and their more transformed, tumorigenic derivative, MCF10AT cells, in direct three-dimensional co-cultures on basement membrane material. The proliferation and apoptosis of MCF10A cells and MCF10AT cells were assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling and TUNEL assay, respectively. Additionally, NAF and CAF were compared for expression of insulin-like growth factor II as a potential mediator of their effects on epithelial cell growth, by ELISA and by quantitative, real-time PCR.

Results
In relatively low numbers, both NAF and CAF suppressed proliferation of MCF10A cells. However, only NAF and not CAF significantly inhibited proliferation of the more transformed MCF10AT cells. The degree of growth inhibition varied among NAF or CAF from different individuals. In greater numbers, NAF and CAF have less inhibitory effect on epithelial cell growth. The rate of epithelial cell apoptosis was not affected by NAF or CAF. Mean insulin-like growth factor II levels were not significantly different in NAF versus CAF and did not correlate with the fibroblast effect on epithelial cell proliferation.

Conclusion
Both NAF and CAF have the ability to inhibit the growth of pre-cancerous breast epithelial cells. NAF have greater inhibitory capacity than CAF, suggesting that the ability of fibroblasts to inhibit epithelial cell proliferation is lost during breast carcinogenesis. Furthermore, as the degree of transformation of the epithelial cells increased they became resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of CAF. Insulin-like growth factor II could not be implicated as a contributor to this differential effect of NAF and CAF on epithelial cell growth.
Outcome of Induction and Postremission Therapy in Younger Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Normal Karyotype: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study
Authors: Farag Sherif S. , Ruppert Amy S. , Mrózek Krzysztof , Mayer Robert J. , Stone Richard M. , Carroll Andrew J. , Powell Bayard L. , Moore Joseph O. , Pettenati Mark J. , Koduru Prasad R.K. , Stamberg Judith , Baer Maria R. , Block AnneMarie W. , Vardiman James W. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Schiffer Charles A. , Larson Richard A. , Bloomfield Clara D. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose Evaluate the outcome of induction and postremission therapy in adults younger than 60 years with normal cytogenetics acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods In 490 patients, induction included cytarabine and daunorubicin (AD) or cytarabine and escalated doses of daunorubicin and etoposide ± PSC-833 (ADE/ADEP). Intensification included one cycle of high-dose cytarabine (HDAC) followed by etoposide/cyclophosphamide and mitoxantrone/diaziquone (group I), three HDAC cycles (group II), four intermediate-dose cytarabine (IDAC) or HDAC cycles (group III), or one HDAC/etoposide cycle and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT; group IV). Results Of 350 patients receiving AD, 73% achieved complete remission (CR), compared with 82% of 140 receiving ADE/ADEP (P = .04). Splenomegaly was associated with a lower CR rate (P < .001), and ADE/ADEP, with a higher CR rate in younger patients (P = .005). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 28% each for intensification groups I and II, compared with 41% and 45% for groups III and IV, respectively (P = .02). The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 62% and 67% for groups I and II, respectively, compared with 54% and 44% for groups III and IV, respectively (P = .049). The type of postremission intensification remained significant for DFS and CIR in multivariable analysis. Conclusion In younger adults with normal cytogenetics AML, splenomegaly predicts a lower CR rate, and the postremission strategies of either four cycles of I/HDAC or one cycle of HDAC/etoposide followed by ASCT are associated with improved DFS and reduced relapse compared with therapies that include fewer cycles of cytarabine or no transplantation.
Monotonicity conjecture for multi-party entanglement. Part I
Authors: Gadde Abhijit , Jain Shraiyance , Krishna Vineeth , Kulkarni Harshal , Sharma Trakshu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we conjecture a monotonicity property that we call monotonicity under coarse-graining for a class of multi-partite entanglement measures. We check these properties by computing the measures for various types of states using different methods.
Direct bounds on Left-Right gauge boson masses at LHC Run 2
Authors: Solera Sergio Ferrando , Pich Antonio , Silva Luiz Vale 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
While the third run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is ongoing, the underlying theory that extends the Standard Model remains so far unknown. Left-Right Models (LRMs) introduce a new gauge sector, and can restore parity symmetry at high enough energies. If LRMs are indeed realized in nature, the mediators of the new weak force can be searched for in colliders via their direct production. We recast existing experimental limits from the LHC Run 2 and derive generic bounds on the masses of the heavy LRM gauge bosons. As a novelty, we discuss the dependence of the WR and ZR total width on the LRM scalar content, obtaining model-independent bounds within the specific realizations of the LRM scalar sectors analysed here. These bounds avoid the need to detail the spectrum of the scalar sector, and apply in the general case where no discrete symmetry is enforced. Moreover, we emphasize the impact on the WR production at LHC of general textures of the right-handed quark mixing matrix without manifest left-right symmetry. We find that the WR and ZR masses are constrained to lie above 2 TeV and 4 TeV, respectively.