bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gate‐Modulated Polarity Transition and Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetection Enabled by Sandwiching Anisotropic GeSe in vdW Heterojunction
Authors: Jiang Meihua , Zheng Tao , Zhang Jielian , Li Zhongming , Deng Qunrui , Pan Yuan , Gao Wei , Yang Yujue , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ability to modulate the polarity of carrier transport and photo‐response in assembled heterostructure devices remains a huge challenge for the development of multifunctional optoelectronics. Herein, a polarity‐switchable and polarization‐sensitive photodetector is developed based on a van der Waals (vdW) MoTe2/GeSe/MoS2 sandwich heterostructure. By varying the gate voltage, an anti‐bipolar transfer characteristic is obtained with significant peak‐valley current ratio (PVCR) exceeding 104, showing the extraordinary potential to realize electronic functions in logic circuits. Under 635 nm laser irradiation, the device exhibits a gate‐controlled polarity transition of photocurrent, namely, the sign reversal of photocurrent occurs by changing the gate voltage. Furthermore, the device achieves broadband photovoltaic effect and high photodetection performance with responsivity (R) of 723 mA·W−1, noise spectral density (Sn) of 1 fA Hz−1/2, and specific detectivity (D*) of 2.3×1012 Jones in the absence of external bias, which greatly outperforms the MoTe2/MoS2 device. Leveraging the in‐plane anisotropic structure of GeSe, the device is also endowed with an additional capability of polarization‐sensing for linearly polarized laser, possessing a high polarization ratio (PR) value of 11.2. Thus, this work proposes an effective and facile strategy to realize the gate‐modulated polarity transition and polarization‐sensitive photodetection, offering a broad perspective for multifunctional integrated applications.
1D Tin(II)‐Based Chiral Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals with Extremely Distorted Inorganic Chains for Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Tao Kezheng , Li Qiang , Yan Qingfeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides with chiral structures have attracted great attentions in the field of optoelectronic functional materials, especially for nonlinear optics. To date, second harmonic generation (SHG) properties of several classes of chiral hybrid halides with different metal ions have been reported. However, SHG‐active tin(II)‐based chiral materials are rarely explored, hindering deep understandings of the relationship between their structures and SHG properties. Herein, Sn2+ ions are successfully introduced into chiral hybrid perovskites, and four new species of chiral hybrid perovskites (R/S‐α‐PEA)SnX3 (X = Cl and Br, PEA = phenylethylammonium) are obtained. The as‐grown crystals are in P212121 space group, with highly distorted [SnX6] octahedral units forming 1D chain structures in the lattice, due to the effect of stereochemically active lone pair 5s2 electrons in Sn2+. Such crystals have an SHG response of ≈1.4× Y‐cut α‐quartz for (S‐α‐PEA)SnBr3 and ≈0.9× Y‐cut α‐quartz for (S‐α‐PEA)SnCl3 at 1020 nm excitation, with high polarization ratio of SHG signals as well as wide bandgaps and transparency windows in the meanwhile. This work opens up a new platform for discovering more novel tin(II)‐based chiral perovskites with superior nonlinear optical properties in the future.
Catalytic Orthogonal Glycosylation Enabled by Enynal‐Derived Copper Carbenes
Authors: Pratap Singh Surya , Ghosh Bidhan , Sharma Indrajeet 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, we present an approach for catalytic orthogonal glycosylation utilizing earth‐abundant copper carbenes. This method operates under mild conditions and employs readily accessible starting materials, including benchtop stable enynal‐derived glycosyl donors, synthesized at the gram scale. The reaction accommodates a variety of glycosyl acceptors, including primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. The enynal‐derived copper carbenes exhibit remarkable reactivity and selectivity, allowing for the formation of glycosidic linkages with different protecting groups and stereochemical patterns. This approach provides access to both 1,2‐cis‐ and ‐trans‐glycosidic linkages. The product stereoselectivity is independent of the anomeric configuration of the glycosyl donor, which also has orthogonal reactivity to widely used alkynes and thioglycoside donors. An iterative synthesis of a trisaccharide further demonstrates the application of this orthogonal reactivity.
Highly Flexible and Sensitive Pressure Sensor: Fabrication of Porous PDMS/Graphene Composite via Laser Thermoforming
Authors: Guo Dingyi , Lei Xiao , Chen Haobing , Yi Longju , Li Yunfan , Zhao Yilin , Liu Feng , Cheng Gary J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors employing porous polymer materials are renowned for their superior sensing capabilities, attributed to the inherently low stiffness of porous polymers. The practical utilization of such sensors hinges on the development of a straightforward, cost‐effective, and patternable method for preparing porous polymer materials. In this research, a novel laser thermoforming process is introduced to craft a porous Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, leveraging carbon black (CB) as an endothermic agent and glucose as a porogen. The resulting porous PDMS film serves as the foundation for a remarkably sensitive flexible piezoresistive sensor. Owing to the inherent flexibility endowed by the porous structure, the porous PDMS‐based pressure sensor achieves a remarkable sensitivity of 109.4 kPa−1 within 0–200 Pa, an effective measurement span of 0–100 kPa, rapid response and recovery times of 79 and 55 ms, and impressive stability over 5000 cycles. The sensor's utility extends to applications such as human pulse monitoring, Morse coding, and robot claw sensing, underscoring its promise in the realm of flexible electronics. In summary, the laser thermoforming process realizes the one‐step, economical, and patternable preparation of porous polymer materials, and introduces a novel avenue for the realization of high‐performance flexible sensors based on thermally cured porous polymers.
The Evolution of Technology‐Driven In Vitro Models for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: De Vitis Eleonora , Stanzione Antonella , Romano Alessandro , Quattrini Angelo , Gigli Giuseppe , Moroni Lorenzo , Gervaso Francesca , Polini Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe alteration in the neural circuits of both central and peripheral nervous systems is closely related to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Despite significant research efforts, the knowledge regarding NDD pathological processes, and the development of efficacious drugs are still limited due to the inability to access and reproduce the components of the nervous system and its intricate microenvironment. 2D culture systems are too simplistic to accurately represent the more complex and dynamic situation of cells in vivo and have therefore been surpassed by 3D systems. However, both models suffer from various limitations that can be overcome by employing two innovative technologies: organ‐on‐chip and 3D printing. In this review, an overview of the advantages and shortcomings of both microfluidic platforms and extracellular matrix‐like biomaterials will be given. Then, the combination of microfluidics and hydrogels as a new synergistic approach to study neural disorders by analyzing the latest advances in 3D brain‐on‐chip for neurodegenerative research will be explored.
Fluid Oscillation‐Driven Bi‐Directional Air Turbine Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Ocean Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Yang Shaohui , Zhang Chengzhuo , Du Zhichang , Tu Yongqiang , Dai Xianggang , Huang Yan , Fan Jianyu , Hong Zhanyong , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOcean wave energy is one of the important renewable energy sources. However, random, low‐frequency, and micro‐amplitude characteristics of ocean waves make it difficult for traditional electromagnetic generators to collect wave energy efficiently. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides an extremely effective technical means for the collection of low‐frequency and micro‐amplitude wave energy. In this work, a non‐contact turntable‐structured oscillating water column TENG (OWC‐TENG) is designed by combining an OWC wave energy conversion mechanism with a TENG for the first time. The OWC is optimized through simulation experiments according to the principles of ship hydrostatics and wave theory. The output performances of the OWC‐TENGs with different structural parameters under different water wave excitation conditions are then tested. The TENG delivers a maximum output current of 55.45 µA and an output power of 5.28 mW, which corresponds to a power density of 114.8 W m−3, enabling a stable power supply for small sensors at sea. This work provides a new solution to the efficient collection of low‐frequency micro‐amplitude ocean wave energy for powering various offshore equipments, presenting broad application prospects in ocean blue energy development and offshore Internet of Things.
Neopolyploidy has variable effects on the diversity and composition of the wild strawberry microbiome
Authors: Anneberg Thomas J. , Cullen Nevin P. , O'Neill Elizabeth M. , Wei Na , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPremiseWhole‐genome duplication (neopolyploidy) can instantly differentiate the phenotype of neopolyploids from their diploid progenitors. These phenotypic shifts in organs such as roots and leaves could also differentiate the way neopolyploids interact with microbial species. While some studies have addressed how specific microbial interactions are affected by neopolyploidy, we lack an understanding of how genome duplication affects the diversity and composition of microbial communities.MethodsWe performed a common garden experiment with multiple clones of artificially synthesized autotetraploids and their ancestral diploids, derived from 13 genotypes of wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca. We sequenced epiphytic bacteria and fungi from roots and leaves and characterized microbial communities and leaf functional traits.ResultsAutotetraploidy had no effect on bacterial alpha diversity of either organ, but it did have a genotype‐dependent effect on the diversity of fungi on leaves. In contrast, autotetraploidy restructured the community composition of leaf bacteria and had a genotype‐dependent effect on fungal community composition in both organs. The most differentially abundant bacterial taxon on leaves belonged to the Sphingomonas, while a member of the Trichoderma was the most differentially abundant fungal taxon on roots. Ploidy‐induced change in leaf size was strongly correlated with a change in bacterial but not fungal leaf communities.ConclusionsGenome duplication can immediately alter aspects of the plant microbiome, but this effect varies by host genotype and bacterial and fungal community. Expanding these studies to wild settings where plants are exposed continuously to microbes are needed to confirm the patterns observed here.
Moss functional trait ecology: Trends, gaps, and biases in the current literature
Authors: Coe Kirsten , Carter Benjamin , Slate Mandy , Stanton Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFunctional traits are critical tools in plant ecology for capturing organism–environment interactions based on trade‐offs and making links between organismal and ecosystem processes. While broad frameworks for functional traits have been developed for vascular plants, we lack the same for bryophytes, despite an escalation in the number of studies on bryophyte functional trait in the last 45 years and an increased recognition of the ecological roles bryophytes play across ecosystems. In this review, we compiled data from 282 published articles (10,005 records) that focused on functional traits measured in mosses and sought to examine trends in types of traits measured, capture taxonomic and geographic breadth of trait coverage, reveal biases in coverage in the current literature, and develop a bryophyte‐function index (BFI) to describe the completeness of current trait coverage and identify global gaps to focus research efforts. The most commonly measured response traits (those related to growth/reproduction in individual organisms) and effect traits (those that directly affect community/ecosystem scale processes) fell into the categories of morphology (e.g., leaf area, shoot height) and nutrient storage/cycling, and our BFI revealed that these data were most commonly collected from temperate and boreal regions of Europe, North America, and East Asia. However, fewer than 10% of known moss species have available functional trait information. Our synthesis revealed a need for research on traits related to ontogeny, sex, and intraspecific plasticity and on co‐measurement of traits related to water relations and bryophyte‐mediated soil processes.
Mediational pathways between aggregate genetic liability and nonfatal suicide attempt: A Swedish population‐based cohort
Authors: Lannoy Séverine , Ohlsson Henrik , Stephenson Mallory , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Edwards Alexis C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite recent progress in the genetics of suicidal behavior, the pathway by which genetic liability increases suicide attempt risk is unclear. We investigated the mediational pathways from family/genetic risk for suicide attempt (FGRSSA) to suicide attempt by considering the roles of psychiatric illnesses. In a Swedish cohort, we evaluated time to suicide attempt as a function of FGRSSA and the mediational effects of alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and non‐affective psychosis. Analyses were conducted by sex in three age periods: 15–25 years (Nfemales = 850,278 and Nmales = 899,366), 26–35 years (Nfemales = 800,189 and Nmales = 861,774), and 36–45 years (Nfemales = 498,285 and Nmales = 535,831). The association between FGRSSA and suicide attempt was mediated via psychiatric disorders. The highest mediation effects were observed for alcohol use disorder in males (15–25 years, HRtotal = 1.60 [1.59; 1.62], mediation = 14.4%), drug use disorder in females (25–36 years, HRtotal = 1.46 [1.44; 1.49], mediation = 11.2%), and major depression (25–36 years) in females (HRtotal = 1.46 [1.44; 1.49], mediation = 7%) and males (HRtotal = 1.50 [1.47;1.52], mediation = 4.7%). While the direct effect of FGRSSA was higher at ages of 15–25, the mediation via psychiatric disorders was more prominent in later adulthood. Our study informs about the psychiatric illnesses via which genetic liability operates to impact suicide attempt risk, with distinct contributions according to age and sex.
An Emerging Strategy towards the Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Streptindole and its Derivatives in Water Medium
Authors: Saini Parul , Nair Abhishek , Elias Anil J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we propose an alternative metal‐free methodology for the synthesis of Streptindole and its derivatives. This approach employs economically viable and easily handled molecular iodine (I2) as the catalyst in an aqueous medium. The method demonstrates remarkable tolerance towards a diverse array of functional groups. The versatility of the developed protocol is highlighted by its application in the efficient total syntheses of the alkaloid natural products, Streptindole and Arsindoline B accomplished in a single step from indole. Furthermore, the methodology is also useful for the synthesis of pharmaceutically significant compounds, specifically anti‐TMV agents (5 c, 5 d, and 5 e) and an anticancer agent (5 f). Control experiments have been carried out to study the plausible catalytic cycle by finding the key intermediates. The experimental findings support the mechanistic pathway involving halogen bond activation in molecular iodine catalysis.
SN2 Reaction at the Amide Nitrogen Center Enables Hydrazide Synthesis
Authors: Fang Wen , Luo Zhi‐Wen , Wang Ye‐Cheng , Zhou Wei , Li Lei , Chen Yimin , Zhang Xiangke , Dai Mingji , Dai Jian‐Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNucleophilic substitutions are fundamentally important transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. Despite the substantial advances in bimolecular nucleophilic substitutions (SN2) at saturated carbon centers, analogous SN2 reaction at the amide nitrogen atom remains extremely limited. Here we report an SN2 substitution method at the amide nitrogen atom with amine nucleophiles for nitrogen–nitrogen (N−N) bond formation that leads to a novel strategy toward biologically and medicinally important hydrazide derivatives. We found the use of sulfonate‐leaving groups at the amide nitrogen atom played a pivotal role in the reaction. This new N−N coupling reaction allows the use of O‐tosyl hydroxamates as electrophiles and readily available amines, including acyclic aliphatic amines and saturated N‐heterocycles as nucleophiles. The reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope (>80 examples), excellent functional group tolerability, and scalability. The method is applicable to late‐stage modification of various approved drug molecules, thus enabling complex hydrazide scaffold synthesis.
Graphitic Armor: A Natural Molecular Sieve for Robust Hydrogen Electroxidation
Authors: Chen Hai‐Wen , Cao De‐Quan , Xie Shi‐Jun , Dai Jia‐Jun , Dai Zhi‐Hai , Zhen Chun‐Hua , Li Jian‐Feng , Paulus Beate , Yin Zu‐Wei , Li Jun‐Tao , Zhou Yao , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbon coating layers have been found to improve the catalytic performance of transition metals, which is usually explained as an outcome of electronic synergistic effect. Herein we reveal that the defective graphitic carbon, with a unique interlayer gap of 0.342 nm, can be a highly selective natural molecular sieve. It allows efficient diffusion of hydrogen molecules or radicals both along the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane direction, but sterically hinders the diffusion of molecules with larger kinetic diameter (e.g., CO and O2) along the in‐plane direction. As a result, poisonous species lager than 0.342 nm are sieved out, even when their adsorption on the metal is thermodynamically strong; at the same time, the interaction between H2 and the metal is not affected. This natural molecular sieve provides a very chance for constructing robust metal catalysts for hydrogen‐relevant processes, which are more tolerant to chemical or electrochemical oxidation or CO‐relevant poisoning.
Two‐dimensional Cu Plates with Steady Fluid Fields for High‐rate Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia and Efficient Zn‐Nitrate Batteries
Authors: Zhou Limin , Chen Xueqiu , Zhu Shaojun , You Kun , Wang Zheng‐Jun , Fan Ru , Li Jun , Yuan Yifei , Wang Xin , Wang Jichang , Chen Yihuang , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Lv Jing‐Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNitrate electroreduction reaction (eNO3−RR) to ammonia (NH3) provides a promising strategy for nitrogen utilization, while achieving high selectivity and durability at an industrial scale has remained challenging. Herein, we demonstrated that the performance of eNO3−RR could be significantly boosted by introducing two‐dimensional Cu plates as electrocatalysts and eliminating the general carrier gas to construct a steady fluid field. The developed eNO3−RR setup provided superior NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99 %, exceptional long‐term electrolysis for 120 h at 200 mA cm−2, and a record‐high yield rate of 3.14 mmol cm−2 h−1. Furthermore, the proposed strategy was successfully extended to the Zn‐nitrate battery system, providing a power density of 12.09 mW cm−2 and NH3 FE of 85.4 %, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art eNO3−RR catalysts. Coupled with the COMSOL multiphysics simulations and in situ infrared spectroscopy, the main contributor for the high‐efficiency NH3 production could be the steady fluid field to timely rejuvenate the electrocatalyst surface during the electrocatalysis.
Activating and Identifying the Active Site of RuS2 for Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Chaoyi , Yue Jianchao , Wang Guangqin , Luo Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSearching for highly efficient and economical electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is crucial for the development of alkaline polymer membrane fuel cells. Here, we report a valid strategy to active pyrite‐type RuS2 for alkaline HOR electrocatalysis by introducing sulfur vacancies. The obtained S‐vacancies modified RuS2−x exhibits outperformed HOR activity with a current density of 0.676 mA cm−2 and mass activity of 1.43 mA μg−1, which are 15‐fold and 40‐fold improvement than those of Ru catalyst. In situ Raman spectra demonstrate the formation of S−H bond during the HOR process, identifying the S atom of RuS2−x is the real active site for HOR catalysis. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results including in situ surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy suggest the introduction of S vacancies can rationally modify the p orbital of S atoms, leading to enhanced binding strength between the S sites and H atoms on the surface of RuS2−x, together with the promoted connectivity of hydrogen‐bonding network and lowered water formation energy, contributes to the enhanced HOR performance.
‘No one believed us: no one came to help’: caregivers' experiences of violence and abuse involving children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Authors: Gibbs Anita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChild and adolescent‐to‐parent violence and abuse (CAPVA) refers to abusive and violent behaviours by children towards their parents or primary caregivers. The abuse and harmful behaviours can include a full range of physical, emotional, verbal, financial, and material actions over prolonged periods of time, from childhood to young adulthood. Parents and caregivers of children with neuro‐developmental conditions are vulnerable to CAPVA, and little research has been undertaken exploring the experiences of caregivers of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In Aotearoa New Zealand, 56 caregivers were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews, and over half identified significant levels and impacts of CAPVA, including dealing with physical violence and frequent emotional abuse. Health and stress issues were present in all caregivers interviewed. Caregivers also identified how systemic ignorance and a lack of understanding from caring professionals led to parent blaming, a sense of shame and isolation. Yet, caregivers also showed resilience and implemented strategies of de‐escalation and distraction. More specialised practice is needed in this emerging field of family violence and in how to support families with children who have FASD.