bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Casteist demons and working-class prophets: subaltern Islam in Bengal, circa 1872–1928
Authors: Uddin Layli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between caste and Islam in Bengal at a time when they acquired heightened significance as markers of identity for the colonial state and between communities. Scholarship, mainly drawing on North India, has emphasised the contrast between the existence in practice of a hierarchical system of social stratification among Muslims and the ideals and traditions of Islamic egalitarianism. This article, however, shows that caste-based struggles and tensions produced a revolutionary Islam. I suggest that the subversive potential of Islamic egalitarianism, described in early Islam by Louise Marlow, was kept alive by low-caste Bengali Muslims. The social reality of caste enabled multiple understandings of what it meant to be a Muslim, and the more radical among them were subaltern ontologies—different meanings of what it was to be a Muslim in the world. Here, I analyse writings on caste by four unreliable narrators around the turn of the twentieth century—a British colonial ethnographer, an ashrāfī Muslim anthropologist, and two Muslim reformers—to describe the politics and lifeworlds of low-caste Muslim groups in Bengal. The article argues for a more nuanced understanding of this period of Islamic reform and development, one that is conscious of the subaltern currents shaping its course. I show how a reformist politics of ‘rejection’ of elite Islam emerged as a response to the problem of caste inequality. These discourses and practices repudiating elite Muslim titles, centring histories of labour, and emphasising equality as an embodied experience reveal the revolutionary potentialities of a subaltern Islam.
New method based on genetic algorithm and Minkowski fractal for multiband antenna designs
Authors: Ezzahry Bouchra , Elhamadi Taj-Eddin , Lamsalli Mohammed , Touhami Naima Amar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a new method based on a genetic algorithm and Minkowski Island fractal is proposed for multiband antennas. Three-antenna configurations are chosen to validate the proposed optimization procedure. The first configuration is a wide-band antenna, operating in the WLAN (wireless local area network) UNII-2C band. The second configuration is a dual-band antenna, operating in the WLAN UNII-2 and UNII-2C bands. In contrast, the third is a tri-band antenna operating in the UNII-2, UNII-2C, and UNII-3 bands. The optimization process is accelerated by using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Application Programming Interface which allows all genetic operators to be performed in MATLAB while the numerical calculations are running in the internal CST Finite-Difference Time-Domain -solver using parallel computing with GPU acceleration. All three designed configurations are manufactured using a $\textstyle0.8\;\text{mm}$ thick FR4 epoxy substrate with a relative dielectric constant of $4.8$. The return loss and the radiation pattern’s measurements agree well with the simulation results. Further, the methodology presented can be very effective in terms of size reduction; the designed antennas are $24 \times 24 \times 0.8\;{\textrm{m}}{{\textrm{m}}^3}$ ($460\;{\textrm{m}}{{\textrm{m}}^3}$).
Alleviated WRF Summer Wet Bias Over the Tibetan Plateau Using a New Cloud Macrophysics Scheme
Authors: Zhao Dingchi , Lin Yanluan , Dong Wenhao , Qin Yi , Chu Wenchao , Yang Kun , Letu Husi , Huang Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReliable precipitation simulation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remains a challenge, manifested by a prominent systematic wet bias in the warm season. Previous studies have generally neglected the potential linkage between surface radiation energy budget and precipitation bias. Prevalent scattered cumulus and thunderstorms over the TP in summer strongly influence surface radiation. A cloud fraction scheme considering subgrid temperature and humidity fluctuations is implemented in the WRF model and tested for a month‐long simulation. It is found that the scheme better reproduces the surface solar radiation compared to a default cloud fraction scheme in the WRF model. Using abundant surface observations, we find that overestimation of the downward surface shortwave radiation (DSSR) would lead to wet bias. DSSR overestimation contributes to higher surface temperature and larger evaporation and enhanced atmospheric instability, which favor more simulated convective precipitation. The study suggests that a better simulation of clouds and surface radiation would benefit precipitation simulation over the plateau.
Voxelated opto-physically unclonable functions via irreplicable wrinkles
Authors: Kim Kitae , Kim Se-Um , Choi Moon-Young , Saeed Mohsin Hassan , Kim Youngmin , Na Jun-Hee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increased prevalence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the integration of digital technology into our daily lives have given rise to heightened security risks and the need for more robust security measures. In response to these challenges, physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as promising solution, offering a highly secure method to generate unpredictable and unique random digital values by leveraging inherent physical characteristics. However, traditional PUFs implementations often require complex hardware and circuitry, which can add to the cost and complexity of the system. We present a novel approach using a random wrinkles PUF (rw-PUF) based on an optically anisotropic, facile, simple, and cost-effective material. These wrinkles contain randomly oriented liquid crystal molecules, resulting in a two-dimensional retardation map corresponding to a complex birefringence pattern. Additionally, our proposed technique allows for customization based on specific requirements using a spatial light modulator, enabling fast fabrication. The random wrinkles PUF has the capability to store multiple data sets within a single PUF without the need for physical alterations. Furthermore, we introduce a concept called ‘polyhedron authentication,’ which utilizes three-dimensional information storage in a voxelated random wrinkles PUF. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of implementing high-level security technology by leveraging the unique properties of the rw-PUF.
Long-term effects of prenatal infection on the human brain: a prospective multimodal neuroimaging study
Authors: Suleri Anna , Cecil Charlotte , Rommel Anna-Sophie , Hillegers Manon , White Tonya , de Witte Lot D. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Bergink Veerle 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is convincing evidence from rodent studies suggesting that prenatal infections affect the offspring’s brain, but evidence in humans is limited. Here, we assessed the occurrence of common infections during each trimester of pregnancy and examined associations with brain outcomes in adolescent offspring. Our study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a large-scale sociodemographically diverse prospective birth cohort. We included 1094 mother-child dyads and investigated brain morphology (structural MRI), white matter microstructure (DTI), and functional connectivity (functional MRI), as outcomes at the age of 14. We focused on both global and focal regions. To define prenatal infections, we composed a score based on the number and type of infections during each trimester of pregnancy. Models were adjusted for several confounders. We found that prenatal infection was negatively associated with cerebral white matter volume (B = −0.069, 95% CI −0.123 to −0.015, p = 0.011), and we found an association between higher prenatal infection scores and smaller volumes of several frontotemporal regions of the brain. After multiple testing correction, we only observed an association between prenatal infections and the caudal anterior cingulate volume (B = −0.104, 95% CI −0.164 to −0.045, p < 0.001). We did not observe effects of prenatal infection on other measures of adolescent brain morphology, white matter microstructure, or functional connectivity, which is reassuring. Our results show potential regions of interest in the brain for future studies; data on the effect of severe prenatal infections on the offspring’s brain in humans are needed.
Effects of vortioxetine on hippocampal-related cognitive impairment induced in rats by androgen deprivation as a model of prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Vaiana Alexandra M. , Chen Yidong , Gelfond Jonathan , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Leach Robin J. , Ramamurthy Chethan , Thompson Ian M. , Morilak David A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdvances in prostate cancer treatment have significantly improved survival, but quality of life for survivors remains an under-studied area of research. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a foundational treatment for advanced prostate cancer and is used as an adjuvant for prolonged periods in many high-risk, localized tumors. More than half of patients treated with ADT experience debilitating cognitive impairments in domains such as spatial learning and working memory. In this study, we investigated the effects of androgen deprivation on hippocampal-mediated cognition in rats. Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant, has been shown to improve cognition in depressed patients. Thus, we also tested the potential efficacy of vortioxetine in restoring impaired cognition after ADT. We further investigated mechanisms that might contribute to these effects, measuring changes in the circuitry and gene expression within the dorsal hippocampus. ADT via surgical castration induced impairments in visuospatial cognition on the novel object location test and attenuated afferent-evoked local field potentials recorded in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. Chronic dietary administration of vortioxetine effectively reversed these deficits. Castration significantly altered gene expression in the hippocampus, whereas vortioxetine had little effect. Pathway analysis revealed that androgen depletion altered pathways related to synaptic plasticity. These results suggest that the hippocampus may be vulnerable to ADT, contributing to cognitive impairment in prostate cancer patients. Further, vortioxetine may be a candidate to improve cognition in patients who experience cognitive decline after androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and may do so by restoring molecular and circuit-level plasticity-related mechanisms compromised by ADT.
PLK1 maintains DNA methylation and cell viability by regulating phosphorylation-dependent UHRF1 protein stability
Authors: Peng Yuchong , Liu Youhong , Zheng Rirong , Ye Yubing , Fu Yongming , Yin Linglong , Gao Yingxue , Fu Yuxin , Qi Xuli , Deng Tanggang , Zhang Songwei , Li Xiong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPLK1 is a key serine/threonine kinase as well as a master mitotic regulator, but it has never been reported that PLK1 regulates DNA methylation. In the present study, we for the first time found that PLK1 inhibition disrupted global DNA methylation and elevated the expression level of tumor suppressor genes. Mechanistically, we found that PLK1 interacts UHRF1 protein to induce its phosphorylation at serine 265. Phosphorylation is required for the maintenance of UHRF1 protein stability by recruiting a deubiquitinase USP7. Conversely, PLK1 inhibition decreases UHRF1 protein interaction with USP7 and activates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby accelerating UHRF1 protein degradation. UHRF1 degradation decreases the recruitment of DNMT1 to chromatin, and decreases the level of genome-wide DNA methylation, thereby elevating the expression of tumor suppressor genes and decreasing cell viability. We here presented the first report on the novel role of PLK1 in DNA methylation maintenance through UHRF1-DNMT1 pathway, and revealed a novel anticancer mechanism of PLK1 inhibitors.
Uncovering the complex relationship between balding, testosterone and skin cancers in men
Authors: Ong Jue-Sheng , Seviiri Mathias , Dusingize Jean Claude , Wu Yeda , Han Xikun , Shi Jianxin , Olsen Catherine M. , Neale Rachel E. , Thompson John F. , Saw Robyn P. M. , Shannon Kerwin F. , Mann Graham J. , Martin Nicholas G. , Medland Sarah E. , Gordon Scott D. , Scolyer Richard A. , Long Georgina V. , Iles Mark M. , Landi Maria Teresa , Whiteman David C. , MacGregor Stuart , Law Matthew H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMale-pattern baldness (MPB) is related to dysregulation of androgens such as testosterone. A previously observed relationship between MPB and skin cancer may be due to greater exposure to ultraviolet radiation or indicate a role for androgenic pathways in the pathogenesis of skin cancers. We dissected this relationship via Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, using genetic data from recent male-only meta-analyses of cutaneous melanoma (12,232 cases; 20,566 controls) and keratinocyte cancers (KCs) (up to 17,512 cases; >100,000 controls), followed by stratified MR analysis by body-sites. We found strong associations between MPB and the risk of KC, but not with androgens, and multivariable models revealed that this relationship was heavily confounded by MPB single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in pigmentation pathways. Site-stratified MR analyses revealed strong associations between MPB with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, suggesting that sun exposure on the scalp, rather than androgens, is the main driver. Men with less hair covering likely explains, at least in part, the higher incidence of melanoma in men residing in countries with high ambient UV.
The evolution of same-sex sexual behaviour in mammals
Authors: Gómez José M. , Gónzalez-Megías A. , Verdú M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSame-sex sexual behaviour has attracted the attention of many scientists working in disparate areas, from sociology and psychology to behavioural and evolutionary biology. Since it does not contribute directly to reproduction, same-sex sexual behaviour is considered an evolutionary conundrum. Here, using phylogenetic analyses, we explore the evolution of same-sex sexual behaviour in mammals. According to currently available data, this behaviour is not randomly distributed across mammal lineages, but tends to be particularly prevalent in some clades, especially primates. Ancestral reconstruction suggests that same-sex sexual behaviour may have evolved multiple times, with its appearance being a recent phenomenon in most mammalian lineages. Our phylogenetically informed analyses testing for associations between same-sex sexual behaviour and other species characteristics suggest that it may play an adaptive role in maintaining social relationships and mitigating conflict.
Drifting discrete Jovian radio bursts reveal acceleration processes related to Ganymede and the main aurora
Authors: Mauduit Emilie , Zarka Philippe , Lamy Laurent , Hess Sébastien L. G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRadio detection at high time-frequency resolutions is a powerful means of remotely studying electron acceleration processes. Radio bursts have characteristics (polarization, drift, periodicity) making them easier to detect than slowly variable emissions. They are not uncommon in solar system planetary magnetospheres, the powerful Jovian “short bursts (S-bursts)" induced by the Io-Jupiter interaction being especially well-documented. Here we present a detection method of drifting radio bursts in terabytes of high resolution time-frequency data, applied to one month of ground-based Jupiter observations. Beyond the expected Io-Jupiter S-bursts, we find decameter S-bursts related to the Ganymede-Jupiter interaction and the main Jovian aurora, revealing ubiquitous Alfvénic electron acceleration in Jupiter’s high-latitude regions. Our observations show accelerated electron energies are distributed in two populations, kilo-electron-Volts and hundreds of electron-Volts. This detection technique may help characterizing inaccessible astrophysical sources such as exoplanets.
Controlling piezoresistance in single molecules through the isomerisation of bullvalenes
Authors: Reimers Jeffrey R. , Li Tiexin , Birvé André P. , Yang Likun , Aragonès Albert C. , Fallon Thomas , Kosov Daniel S. , Darwish Nadim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanoscale electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) displaying piezoresistance offer unique measurement opportunities at the sub-cellular level, in detectors and sensors, and in emerging generations of integrated electronic devices. Here, we show a single-molecule NEMS piezoresistor that operates utilising constitutional and conformational isomerisation of individual diaryl-bullvalene molecules and can be switched at 850 Hz. Observations are made using scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction (STMBJ) techniques to characterise piezoresistance, combined with blinking (current-time) experiments that follow single-molecule reactions in real time. A kinetic Monte Carlo methodology (KMC) is developed to simulate isomerisation on the experimental timescale, parameterised using density-functional theory (DFT) combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) calculations. Results indicate that piezoresistance is controlled by both constitutional and conformational isomerisation, occurring at rates that are either fast (equilibrium) or slow (non-equilibrium) compared to the experimental timescale. Two different types of STMBJ traces are observed, one typical of traditional experiments that are interpreted in terms of intramolecular isomerisation occurring on stable tipped-shaped metal-contact junctions, and another attributed to arise from junction‒interface restructuring induced by bullvalene isomerisation.
Secondary structures that regulate mRNA translation provide insights for ASO-mediated modulation of cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Hedaya Omar M. , Venkata Subbaiah Kadiam C. , Jiang Feng , Xie Li Huitong , Wu Jiangbin , Khor Eng-Soon , Zhu Mingyi , Mathews David H. , Proschel Chris , Yao Peng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTranslation of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) typically abrogates translation of main (m)ORFs. The molecular mechanism of uORF regulation in cells is not well understood. Here, we data-mined human and mouse heart ribosome profiling analyses and identified a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structure within the GATA4 uORF that cooperates with the start codon to augment uORF translation and inhibits mORF translation. A trans-acting RNA helicase DDX3X inhibits the GATA4 uORF-dsRNA activity and modulates the translational balance of uORF and mORF. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that disrupt this dsRNA structure promote mORF translation, while ASOs that base-pair immediately downstream (i.e., forming a bimolecular double-stranded region) of either the uORF or mORF start codon enhance uORF or mORF translation, respectively. Human cardiomyocytes and mice treated with a uORF-enhancing ASO showed reduced cardiac GATA4 protein levels and increased resistance to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We further show the broad utility of uORF-dsRNA- or mORF-targeting ASO to regulate mORF translation for other mRNAs. This work demonstrates that the uORF-dsRNA element regulates the translation of multiple mRNAs as a generalizable translational control mechanism. Moreover, we develop a valuable strategy to alter protein expression and cellular phenotypes by targeting or generating dsRNA downstream of a uORF or mORF start codon.
Constructing asymmetric double-atomic sites for synergistic catalysis of electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Jiao Jiqing , Yuan Qing , Tan Meijie , Han Xiaoqian , Gao Mingbin , Zhang Chao , Yang Xuan , Shi Zhaolin , Ma Yanbin , Xiao Hai , Zhang Jiangwei , Lu Tongbu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElucidating the synergistic catalytic mechanism between multiple active centers is of great significance for heterogeneous catalysis; however, finding the corresponding experimental evidence remains challenging owing to the complexity of catalyst structures and interface environment. Here we construct an asymmetric TeN2–CuN3 double-atomic site catalyst, which is analyzed via full-range synchrotron pair distribution function. In electrochemical CO2 reduction, the catalyst features a synergistic mechanism with the double-atomic site activating two key molecules: operando spectroscopy confirms that the Te center activates CO2, and the Cu center helps to dissociate H2O. The experimental and theoretical results reveal that the TeN2–CuN3 could cooperatively lower the energy barriers for the rate-determining step, promoting proton transfer kinetics. Therefore, the TeN2–CuN3 displays a broad potential range with high CO selectivity, improved kinetics and good stability. This work presents synthesis and characterization strategies for double-atomic site catalysts, and experimentally unveils the underpinning mechanism of synergistic catalysis.
Radiolytically reworked Archean organic matter in a habitable deep ancient high-temperature brine
Authors: Nisson Devan M. , Walters Clifford C. , Chacón-Patiño Martha L. , Weisbrod Chad R. , Kieft Thomas L. , Sherwood Lollar Barbara , Warr Oliver , Castillo Julio , Perl Scott M. , Cason Errol D. , Freifeld Barry M. , Onstott Tullis C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvestigations of abiotic and biotic contributions to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are required to constrain microbial habitability in continental subsurface fluids. Here we investigate a large (101–283 mg C/L) DOC pool in an ancient (>1Ga), high temperature (45–55 °C), low biomass (102−104 cells/mL), and deep (3.2 km) brine from an uranium-enriched South African gold mine. Excitation-emission matrices (EEMs), negative electrospray ionization (–ESI) 21 tesla Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and amino acid analyses suggest the brine DOC is primarily radiolytically oxidized kerogen-rich shales or reefs, methane and ethane, with trace amounts of C3–C6 hydrocarbons and organic sulfides. δ2H and δ13C of C1–C3 hydrocarbons are consistent with abiotic origins. These findings suggest water-rock processes control redox and C cycling, helping support a meagre, slow biosphere over geologic time. A radiolytic-driven, habitable brine may signal similar settings are good targets in the search for life beyond Earth.
Realization of an inherent time crystal in a dissipative many-body system
Authors: Chen Yu-Hui , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTime crystals are many-body states that spontaneously break translation symmetry in time the way that ordinary crystals do in space. While experimental observations have confirmed the existence of discrete or continuous time crystals, these realizations have relied on the utilization of periodic forces or effective modulation through cavity feedback. The original proposal for time crystals is that they would represent self-sustained motions without any external periodicity, but realizing such purely self-generated behavior has not yet been achieved. Here, we provide theoretical and experimental evidence that many-body interactions can give rise to an inherent time crystalline phase. Following a calculation that shows an ensemble of pumped four-level atoms can spontaneously break continuous time translation symmetry, we observe periodic motions in an erbium-doped solid. The inherent time crystal produced by our experiment is self-protected by many-body interactions and has a measured coherence time beyond that of individual erbium ions.