bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disulfide Click Reaction for Stapling of S‐terminal Peptides
Authors: Yu Qing , Bai Leiyang , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA disulfide click strategy is disclosed for stapling to enhance the metabolic stability and cellular permeability of therapeutic peptides. A 17‐membered library of stapling reagents with adjustable lengths and angles was established for rapid double/triple click reactions, bridging S‐terminal peptides from 3 to 18 amino acid residues to provide 18‐ to 48‐membered macrocyclic peptides under biocompatible conditions. The constrained peptides exhibited enhanced anti‐HCT‐116 activity with a locked α‐helical conformation (IC50=6.81 μM vs. biological incompetence for acyclic linear peptides), which could be unstapled for rehabilitation of the native peptides under the assistance of tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). This protocol assembles linear peptides into cyclic peptides controllably to retain the diverse three‐dimensional conformations, enabling their cellular uptake followed by release of the disulfides for peptide delivery.
Effective Inhibition of TDP‐43 Aggregation by Native State Stabilization
Authors: Yang Lixin , Jasiqi Yllza , Zettor Agnès , Vadas Oscar , Chiaravalli Jeanne , Agou Fabrice , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPreventing the misfolding or aggregation of transactive response DNA binding protein with 43 kDa (TDP‐43) is the most actively pursued disease‐modifying strategy to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we provide proof of concept that native state stabilization of TDP‐43 is a viable and effective strategy for treating TDP‐43 proteinopathies. Firstly, we leveraged the Cryo‐EM structures of TDP‐43 fibrils to design C‐terminal substitutions that disrupt TDP‐43 aggregation. Secondly, we showed that these substitutions (S333D/S342D) stabilize monomeric TDP‐43 without altering its physiological properties. Thirdly, we demonstrated that binding native oligonucleotide ligands stabilized monomeric TDP‐43 and prevented its fibrillization and phase separation in the absence of direct binding to the aggregation‐prone C‐terminal domain. Fourthly, we showed that the monomeric TDP‐43 variant could be induced to aggregate in a controlled manner, which enabled the design and implementation of a high‐throughput screening assay to identify native state stabilizers of TDP‐43. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that different structural domains in TDP‐43 could be exploited and targeted to develop drugs that stabilize the native state of TDP‐43 and provide a platform to discover novel drugs to treat TDP‐43 proteinopathies.
The effect of halloysite nanotubes reinforced epoxy filler on the crushing behavior of aluminum tubes
Authors: Kosedag Ertan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCrash box is one of the equipment to minimize the damage that may occur during an accident in vehicles. Many studies are conducted to improve the performance of crash boxes. Some of these studies were aimed at filling thin‐walled crash boxes. Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were used as filling material in this study. HNT can be found in nature and is in nanotube structure by nature. For this reason, it is inexpensive compared to other nanotubes like carbon nanotube. Within the scope of the study, epoxy‐based mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% HNT were prepared and filled into aluminum tubes. The powders used were ~20–100 nm in size and in the form of cylindrical tubes. Investigated were the effects of the HNT ratio and the thin‐walled aluminum construction. Nine diverse types of specimens were created. The vacuuming principle was used as the production method. The reason for this is to minimize the air bubbles that may occur during mixing. The effect of aluminum tube and HNT ratio on energy absorption and mechanical strength was investigated. For this, quasi‐static tests were conducted. The absorbed energies of the specimens were determined by integrating the acquired contact force–displacement curves, and the specific absorbed energy was determined by dividing the absorbed energy by the specimen weights. SEM images were taken for internal structure characterization. In addition, FTIR analysis was performed to determine whether the composite was cured. According to the results obtained, the mechanical characteristics and specific absorbed energy of the filled specimens were superior to those of the unfilled ones. Specimen containing 5% HNT showed maximum energy absorption and mechanical strength. Although the HNT additive has a positive effect on the mechanical and energy absorption in general, it has been determined that the HNT additive affects the performances negatively from 10%.
Palladium(II)‐immobilized Triptycene based Hypercrosslinked Polymers: An Efficient, Green, and Reusable Heterogenous Catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐coupling Reaction
Authors: Hassan Atikur , Baghel Akanksha Singh , Kumar Amit , Das Neeladri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling (SMCC) involves the coupling of organohalides and organoboron molecules in the presence of Pd(II)‐based catalysts. Often SMCC reactions employ homogenous catalysts. However, such homogenous SMCC reactions are associated with certain limitations which has motivated design of effective and sustainable Pd(II)‐based heterogeneous catalytic systems. Herein, we report a systematic development of a Pd(II)‐immobilized and triptycene based ionic hyper crosslinked polymer (Pd@TP‐iHCP) and explored its application as a heterogeneous catalyst for SMCC reaction. Pd@TP‐iHCP has ample N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) pendants that anchor Pd(II) centres on the polymeric matrix. Pd@TP‐iHCP was characterized satisfactorily using FT‐IR, 13C CP‐MAS NMR, BET surface area analysis, SEM, EDX and HRTEM. The performance of Pd@TP‐iHCP as a heterogeneous catalyst for SMCC reactions was explored using various combinations of aryl boronic acids and aryl halides. Experimental results show that Pd@TP‐iHCP is associated with a moderately high surface area. It is an efficient catalyst for SMCC (in aqueous media) with a modest loading of 0.8 mol % Pd(II)‐catalyst since high yields of the expected products were obtained in shorter time intervals. Pd@TP‐iHCP also features excellent stability and catalyst recyclability since it could be re‐used for several cycles without any significant decrease in catalytic efficiency.
Scoring system for prediction of overall survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma T3aN0M0
Authors: Suartz Caio Vinícius , Cordeiro Maurício Dener , de Carvalho Paulo Afonso , Gallucci Fábio Pescarmona , Ribeiro‐Filho Leopoldo Alves , Cardili Leonardo , Sivaraman Arjun , Audenet François , Mota José Mauricio , Nahas William Carlos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to create a new score to predict postoperative overall survival in patients with nonmetastatic T3aN0 renal cell carcinoma.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical data of adult patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between December 2007 and January 2022 in a single tertiary oncological institution. Clinical characteristics, clinical‐pathological staging and histopathological characteristics were analysed. Survival analyses were determined using the Kaplan–Meier curve. A nomogram was established using Cox proportional hazard regression to identify the prognostic factors affecting the overall survival. The area under the curve, calibration curves and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate prognostic efficacy.ResultsWe analyzed 362 patients classified as pT3aN0M0 stage with a median follow‐up of 40 months. According to Cox univariate and multivariate analyses, weight loss greater than 5% in 6 months before surgery, stage V chronic kidney disease after radical nephrectomy, sarcomatoid pattern, and coagulative tumor necrosis were identified as predictors of overall survival. We developed a score and performed internal and external validation. The time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve value and calibration curve analysis showed good prediction ability of the score. The nomogram can effectively predict and stratify overall survival after radical nephrectomy in patients with pT3aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma.ConclusionPatients with pT3aN0MO renal cell carcinoma exhibited different characteristics, and those with unfavourable characteristics deserve greater attention during follow‐up. This nomogram provides an accurate prediction of overall survival after radical nephrectomy.
Increasing mowing height and nitrogen fertility does not enhance unirrigated centipedegrass summer drought stress
Authors: Adams Mike , Beasley Jeffrey , Kuehny Jeff , Watson Dylan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProper N fertilization and higher mowing heights are recommended to enhance rooting for greater turfgrass summer drought stress. To examine the effects of these primary cultural practices on centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] drought response in the mid‐Southern United States, a study was conducted to evaluate four mowing heights (1, 2, 3 and 4 inches) and N fertilization versus no fertilization. During the study, roots were periodically harvested at upper (0–3 inches) and lower (3–6 inches) soil depths, and roots were analyzed for architecture which included root length (RL) and surface area (SA), and root weight (RW). In July, plant‐soil cores were subjected to 36‐day drought simulation under greenhouse conditions. All turfgrass exhibited a pattern of decreasing leaf quality as drought progressed with unfertilized treatments maintaining acceptable leaf color (≥5) for 19 days at 5.9 compared to 4.8 for fertilized centipedegrass regardless of mowing height. In the field, root architecture and biomass across all mowing heights, fertilities, and soil depths peaked at 883.9 inches, 35.6 in2, and 5.8 grains for RL, SA, and RW, respectively, six weeks prior to drought simulation (WDPS) before declining to 740.5 inches, 29.6 in2, and 4.9 grains at the initiation of the drought simulation. The inability of N fertility and mowing height to enhance root growth particularly from spring into summer indicates soil temperatures may be a factor in centipedegrass root growth and thus drought stress avoidance.
Development of Novel Redox‐Active Organic Materials Based on Benzimidazole, Benzoxazole, and Benzothiazole: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Screening Approach
Authors: Fataj Xhesilda , Achazi Andreas J. , Rohland Philip , Schröter Erik , Muench Simon , Burges René , Pohl K. Linus H. , Mollenhauer Doreen , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSustainability is one of the hot topics of today's research, in particular when it comes to energy‐storage systems such as batteries. Redox‐active molecules implemented in organic batteries represent a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries, which partially rely on non‐sustainable heavy metal salts. As an alternative, we propose benzothiazole, ‐oxazole and ‐imidazole derivatives as redox‐active moieties for polymers in organic (radical) batteries. The target molecules were identified by a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches for the investigation of new organic active materials. Herein, we present the synthesis, electrochemical characterization and theoretical investigation of the proposed molecules, which can later be introduced into a polymer backbone and used in organic polymer batteries.
Nonparametric estimation of a survival function in the presence of measurement errors on the failure time of interest
Authors: Jin Shaojia , Liu Yanyan , Mao Guangcai , Sun Jianguo , Wu Yuanshan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article discusses nonparametric estimation of a survival function in the presence of measurement errors on the observation of the failure time of interest. One situation where such issues arise would be clinical studies of chronic diseases where the observation on the time to the failure event of interest such as the onset of the disease relies on patient recall or chart review of electronic medical records. It is easy to see that both situations can be subject to measurement errors. To resolve this problem, we propose a simulation extrapolation approach to correct the bias induced by the measurement error. To overcome potential computational difficulties, we use spline regression to approximate the unspecified extrapolated coefficient function of time, and establish the asymptotic properties of our proposed estimator. The proposed method is applied to nonparametric estimation based on interval‐censored data. Extensive numerical experiments involving both simulated and actual study datasets demonstrate the feasibility of this proposed estimation procedure.
Chimeric antigen receptor‐based immunotherapy in breast cancer: Recent progress in China
Authors: Yu Tianze , Lu Yuexin , Fang Jianwen , Jiang Xiaocong , Lu Yue , Zheng Jingyan , Shang Xi , Shen Haixing , Fu Peifen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the fourth most prevalent cancer in China. Despite conventional treatment strategies, BC patients often have poor therapeutic outcomes, leading to significant global cancer mortality rates. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐based immunotherapy is a promising and innovative approach for cancer treatment that redirects immune cells to attack tumor cells expressing selected tumor antigens (TAs). T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages, key components of the immune system, are used in CAR‐based immunotherapies. Although remarkable progress has been made with CAR‐T cells in hematologic malignancies, the application of CAR‐based immunotherapy to BC has lagged. This is partly due to obstacles such as tumor heterogeneity, which is further associated with the TA and BC subtypes, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Several combinatorial approaches, including the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, and antitumor drugs, have been proposed to overcome these obstacles in BC treatment. Furthermore, several CAR‐based immunotherapies for BC have been translated into clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the recent progress in CAR‐based immunotherapy for BC treatment, including targeting of TAs, consideration of BC subtypes, assessment of the TME, and exploration of combinatorial therapies. The authors focused on preclinical studies and clinical trials of CAR‐T cells, CAR‐NK cells, and CAR‐macrophages especially conducted in China, followed by an internal comparison and discussion of current limits. In conclusion, this review elucidates China’s contribution to CAR‐based immunotherapies for BC and provides inspiration for further research.Plain Language Summary

Despite conventional treatment strategies, breast cancer (BC) patients in China often have poor therapeutic outcomes.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐based immunotherapy, a promising approach, can redirect immune cells to kill tumor cells expressing selected tumor antigens (TAs). However, obstacles such as TA selection, BC subtypes, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment still exist. Therefore, various combinatorial approaches have been proposed.
This article elucidates several Chinese CAR‐based preclinical and clinical studies in BC treatment with comparisons of foreign research, and CAR‐immune cells are analyzed, providing inspiration for further research.
An old friend, a new insight: Calcitonin measurement in serum and aspiration needle washout fluids significantly increases the early and accurate detection of medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Ogmen Berna Evranos , Ince Nurcan , Aksoy Altınboga Aysegul , Akdogan Leyla , Polat Sefika Burcak , Genc Birgul , Menekse Ebru , Aydin Cevdet , Topaloglu Oya , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe sensitivity of cytological (CY) evaluation after fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) for detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a subject of controversy. The routine use of serum calcitonin (CT) in patients with thyroid nodules is not universally adopted. The authors conducted CT screening of FNA washout fluid (FNA‐CT) to address the diagnostic challenges. The objective was to assess the contributions of serum CT, FNA cytology (FNA‐CY), and FNA‐CT to the diagnosis.MethodsBetween February 2019 and June 2022 (group 1), the authors prospectively screened the CT of patients with thyroid nodules. Both FNA‐CY and FNA‐CT were performed for patients with persistently elevated CT values. The sensitivity of FNA‐CY, serum CT, and FNA‐CT for accurate diagnosis was evaluated. Additionally, the authors retrospectively examined data from patients with thyroid nodules before CT screening (2008–2019) (group 2). They compared the characteristics of MTC patients in groups 1 and 2.ResultsMTC was identified in 30 patients (0.25%) in group 1 and 19 (0.07%) in group 2. A FNA‐CT cutoff value of 4085.5 pg/mL detected MTC with a sensitivity of 96.8%, and a serum CT cutoff value of 28.3 pg/mL detected MTC with a sensitivity of 86.7%. In contrast, FNA‐CY detected MTC with a sensitivity of 42.4%. In group 1, 18 patients (60%) with MTC were diagnosed with microcarcinoma, whereas only two patients (10.5%) in group 2 had microcarcinoma.ConclusionsThis study detected MTC earlier by routinely measuring serum CT in all patients with nodular thyroid disease and performing FNA‐CT in those with elevated values. FNA‐CT and serum CT sensitivities were significantly higher than those of FNA‐CY. This study revealed different FNA‐CT cutoff values compared to other studies, emphasizing the need for determining clinic‐specific cutoff values.
A retrospective analysis of molecular testing in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules with histologic correlation: Experience at a heterogenous multihospital system
Authors: Sura Gloria H. , Thrall Michael J. , Rogers John , Hodjat Parsa , Christensen Paul , Cubb Trisha D. , Khadra Helmi S. , Thomas Jessica S. , Jacobi Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThyroid malignancy is one of the most common types of cancer in developed nations. Currently, fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most practical screening test for thyroid nodules. However, cytologically indeterminate samples comprise approximately 15%–30% of cases. These include cases classified as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), follicular neoplasm (FN), and suspicious for malignancy (SFM). Indeterminate cases can be sent for molecular testing for more definitive classification to help guide management and prevent overtreatment of benign thyroid nodules. We conducted a retrospective review on molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid FNAC and reviewed subsequent histologic diagnoses in resection specimens to assess how molecular testing supported a diagnosis and its effect on clinical management of patients at our institution.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on all thyroid FNAC specimens, corresponding molecular testing, and subsequent surgical resection specimens over a 6‐year period.ResultsA total of 10,253 thyroid FNAC were performed in our hospital system during our study period, of which 10% (n = 1102/10,253) had indeterminate FNAC results. Molecular testing was performed in 16% (n = 178/1102) of indeterminate cytology cases. Genetic alterations were identified in 39% (n = 69/178) of the cases sent for molecular testing. The majority of cytologically indeterminate cases sent for molecular testing were follicular‐patterned lesions and their corresponding resection specimens revealed mostly low grade follicular derived neoplasms (i.e., follicular adenoma, non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features, and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma). Of the cases with identified genetic alterations, 75% (n = 52/69) were treated surgically. In cases with no genetic alterations identified, only 18% (n = 20/109) were treated surgically.Discussion/ConclusionMolecular testing on cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules can help provide a more accurate risk of malignancy assessment in patients with lesions that are difficult to diagnosis based solely on FNAC morphology. The types of genetic alterations identified in the resected thyroid lesions were consistent with what has been previously described in the literature. Additionally, we found that in the patients with indeterminate thyroid FNAC with adjunct molecular testing, more than half did not undergo surgical resection. This finding emphasizes the value of adding molecular testing in patients, particularly when attempting to reduce unnecessary surgical intervention.
Risk of self‐harm in patients with eating disorders: English population‐based national record‐linkage study, 1999–2021
Authors: Conway‐Jones R. , James A. , Goldacre M. J. , Seminog O. O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are eating disorders associated with high rates of self‐harm (SH). This is the first national study in England to quantify this association in a hospital population.MethodA retrospective cohort study using a linked national dataset of Hospital Episode Statistics for 1999–2021. The exposure cohort included individuals aged <35 years admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of AN or BN. The reference cohort included hospital controls. We calculated the rate ratio (RR) of SH in each cohort. The individuals in the two cohorts were matched on multiple socio‐demographic indicators. The main outcome was a subsequent hospitalization or death record with an SH diagnosis.ResultsWe identified 15,004 females and 1411 males with AN, and 6055 females and 741 males with BN. The RR with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for a subsequent admission with intentional self‐harm after admission with AN was 4.9 (95%CI 4.7–5.1) in females and 4.8 (95%CI 3.9–5.8) in males. For BN it was 9.0 (95%CI 8.4–9.6) in females and 9.8 (95%CI 7.7–12.2) in males. There were strong associations between AN and BN and other SH.DiscussionWomen and men admitted to English hospitals with AN or BN have a very high risk of a subsequent admission with SH. For some SH behaviors, such as alcohol intoxication, the RR was >10‐fold elevated. The magnitude of risk was higher for BN than for AN. Clinicians should be aware of the scale of risk increase. Providing those at risk with appropriate support is required.Public significanceThis study is the first national study in an English hospital population that confirms and quantifies the association between eating disorders and self‐harm. We have found that both women and men admitted to hospital with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa are at an increased risk of subsequent admission with self‐harm. It is important that clinicians are aware of this increased risk to support those at highest risk of self‐harm.
Bumblebee responses to variation in pollinator‐attracting traits of Vicia faba flowers
Authors: Bailes Emily J. , Moscrop Jake , Mitchell Sarah , Dorling Matthew , Wood Tom , Thomas Jane , Glover Beverley J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdaptations that attract pollinators to flowers are central to the reproductive success of insect‐pollinated plants, including crops. Understanding the influence of these non‐rewarding traits on pollinator preference is important for our future food security by maintaining sufficient crop pollination. We have identified substantial variation in flower shape, petal size, corolla‐tube length, petal spot size and floral volatile compounds among a panel of 30 genetically distinct lines of Vicia faba. Using this variation, we found that Bombus terrestris was able to distinguish between natural variation in petal spot size, floral volatile emissions and corolla‐tube length. Foragers showed some innate preference for spotted flowers over non‐spotted flowers and preferred shorter corolla‐tube lengths over longer tubes. Our results suggest that some floral traits may have significant potential to enhance pollinator attraction to V. faba crops, particularly if paired with optimised rewards.