bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Modal Sensory Boosting to Improve High-Frequency Hearing Loss: Device Development and Validation
Authors: Kohler Izzy , Perrotta Michael V , Ferreira Tiago , Eagleman David M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
High-frequency hearing loss is one of the most common problems in the aging population and with those who have a history of exposure to loud noises. This type of hearing loss can be frustrating and disabling, making it difficult to understand speech communication and interact effectively with the world.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the impact of spatially unique haptic vibrations representing high-frequency phonemes on the self-perceived ability to understand conversations in everyday situations.

Methods
To address high-frequency hearing loss, a multi-motor wristband was developed that uses machine learning to listen for specific high-frequency phonemes. The wristband vibrates in spatially unique locations to represent which phoneme was present in real time. A total of 16 participants with high-frequency hearing loss were recruited and asked to wear the wristband for 6 weeks. The degree of disability associated with hearing loss was measured weekly using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB).

Results
By the end of the 6-week study, the average APHAB benefit score across all participants reached 12.39 points, from a baseline of 40.32 to a final score of 27.93 (SD 13.11; N=16; P=.002, 2-tailed dependent t test). Those without hearing aids showed a 10.78-point larger improvement in average APHAB benefit score at 6 weeks than those with hearing aids (t14=2.14; P=.10, 2-tailed independent t test). The average benefit score across all participants for ease of communication was 15.44 (SD 13.88; N=16; P<.001, 2-tailed dependent t test). The average benefit score across all participants for background noise was 10.88 (SD 17.54; N=16; P=.03, 2-tailed dependent t test). The average benefit score across all participants for reverberation was 10.84 (SD 16.95; N=16; P=.02, 2-tailed dependent t test).

Conclusions
These findings show that vibrotactile sensory substitution delivered by a wristband that produces spatially distinguishable vibrations in correspondence with high-frequency phonemes helps individuals with high-frequency hearing loss improve their perceived understanding of verbal communication. Vibrotactile feedback provides benefits whether or not a person wears hearing aids, albeit in slightly different ways. Finally, individuals with the greatest perceived difficulty understanding speech experienced the greatest amount of perceived benefit from vibrotactile feedback.
Evaluation of Feed Consumption and Nutrient Adequacy of Different Breed Bulls at Artificial Insemination Centre – Lembang
Authors: Hadi Sofwan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to evaluate the feed consumption and nutrient adequacy of bull breeds at the Balai Inseminasi Buatan (BIB) Lembang. The study took place over a four-months, utilizing secondary data provided by the Artificial Insemination Centter (AIC) Lembang for the year 2021. The data used included number and breeds of bull, forage types , forage quality, concentrate quality, hay quality, dry matter consumption, protein consumption, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) consumption. The data were recorded monthly and accumulated to provide an average value for the one-year research period. The dry matter consumption of each feed type including both forage and concentrate, served as the basis for determining protein and TDN consumption.The Bull breeds were divided into two groups: large-type bull and small-middle-type bull. The data analysis results showed that the average dry matter consumption of forage and concentrate were 75.10% and 24.90%, respectively, for the large-type cattle and 76.49% and 23.51%, respectively, for the small-middle-type cattle. The total dry matter consumption was 1.16% of body weight for the large-type and 1.55% of body weight for the small-middle-type. The protein consumption for large-type and small-type cattle was 1760 g/head/day and 1520 g/head/day, respectively. These protein consumption values exceeded the NRC (National Research Council) standards by 32.12% and 40.29% for large-type and small-middle-type cattle, respectively. The TDN consumption for large-type and small-middle-type cattle was 7570 g/head/day and 6600 g/head/day, respectively. These TDN values were 17.05% and 26.02% higher than the NRC standards for large-type and small-middle-type cattle, respectively.The findings of this study conclude that the feed provided at the AIC Lembang exceeds the nutrient requirements of both types of male cattle.
Age changes in orthodontic treatment need: a longitudinal study of 10- and 13-year-old children, using the Dental Aesthetic Index
Authors: Chi Jonathan , Johnson Mark , Harkness Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the prevalence of unmet orthodontic treatment need in 150 13-year-old schoolchildren in Dunedin, New Zealand, and to compare the findings with those obtained in the same children at 10 years of age.Fewer 13-year-olds (27%) had a “mandatory” need of orthodontic treatment than when they were 10 years old (33%), 20% had “no/little” need for orthodontic treatment, 33% had an “elective” need for treatment and 20% had a “desirable” need for treatment. The fall in DAI scores is attributed to over-sensitivity of the Index to mixed dentition traits.When the individual scores were analysed, only 7% of the 10-year-olds were given the same scores as when they were 13 years old, 52% were given higher scores and 41% were given lower scores. This disagreement between scores was masked to a limited extent by the DAI categories: 49% of the 10-year-olds were assigned to the same DAI category at 13 years of age, 20% to a greater treatment-need category and approximately 30% to a lower treatment-need category.The DAI, in common with other malocclusion indices, is unreliable over time because it is affected by developmental changes in the occlusal traits measured. Aust Orthod J 2000; 16: 150–6
Moment to force ratio characteristics of three Japanese NiTi and TMA closing loops
Authors: Kum Mark , Quick Andrew , Hood James A. , Herbison Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives: This in vitro study investigated the loads (“forces”), moments and moment:force ratios (M:F) generated during activation and deactivation of three closing loop designs constructed from two different orthodontic wire alloys.

Method: The forces and moments of non-preactivated vertical U-Loops, symmetrical T-Loops, and asymmetrical T-Loops (X-Loops) made from titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) and Japanese nickel titanium alloy (NiTi) were measured at 35.6°C ± 0.5°C. The M:F ratios generated during activation and deactivation were calculated for each loop. Analysis of covariance was used to identify statistical differences between loop material and design.

Results: The forces, moments and M:F ratios produced by the NiTi closing loops were significantly less than those from the TMA loops. NiTi T-Loops produced a relatively constant force during activation compared to the same design in TMA. The TMA X-loop produced a maximum M:F ratio of 9.4:1. No closing loop produced the optimum M:F ratio required for translational en masse tooth movement.

Conclusions: Optimum M:F ratios for translation are not possible with non-preactivated vertical U-Loops, symmetrical T-Loops, and asymmetrical T-Loops (X-Loops) made of NiTi and TMA alloys.
Tooth and lip responses to three commonly prescribed premolar extraction sequences: a review of recent research findings
Authors: Wholley Christopher J. , Woods Michael G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim: To review and discuss the dental and lateral profile soft tissue effects of orthodontic treatment involving three different premolar extraction patterns (4/4, 4/5, 5/5).

Method: The results of three previously reported studies were compared and discussed.

Results: Wide ranges of individual variation were found for the amounts of forward molar movement and incisor retraction, and for changes in the depths of upper and lower lip curves within all three premolar extraction pattern groups. The amount of pretreatment crowding and the residual space following initial alignment were the two factors most likely to influence changes in tooth positions during treatment. Treatment changes in the curvature of the lips were influenced by the pretreatment thickness of the lips at the vermilion level.

Conclusion: Factors other than simply the choice of premolar extraction pattern influence positional changes in the molars, incisors and lips during orthodontic treatment.
Comparison of the bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded to crown porcelains
Authors: Chay Siew Han , Wattanapayungkul Pranee , Yap Adrian U Jin , Loh Poey Ling , Chung Sew Meng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: The bond strengths and mode of failure of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded to the newer all-ceramic crown systems has not been fully investigated.

Objectives: To compare the shear-peel bond strengths and modes of failure of stainless steel Begg orthodontic brackets bonded to all-ceramic crown systems (Finesse, Empress II) and a conventional feldsphatic crown porcelain (Vita Omega 900).

Methods: Fifteen flat-surface discs of three crown porcelains (Finesse, Vita Omega 900, Empress II) were made and mounted in acrylic moulds. The discs were pumiced, etched with phosphoric acid, primed with silane, and a flat stainless steel Begg bracket bonded to each disc with a chemical cure composite resin (Unite Bond). The discs were stored for one week in water and debonded with a sheer-peel load in an Instron uniaxial testing system with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The composite remnants on the ceramic surfaces were classified using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI).

Results: The bond strength of Finesse (15.03 ± 1.90 MPa) was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than Vita Omega 900 (11.51 ± 2.35 MPa) and Empress II (11.12 ± 1.78 MPa). There were no significant differences among the ARI scores. The mode of failure was a mixture of adhesive and cohesive failure.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the bond strengths of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded to Finesse and Empress II porcelains are clinically acceptable.
Treatment protocol for unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: questioned by two case reports
Authors: Aly Medhat , Verdonck Anna , Carels Carine , Willems Guy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: The types and severity of clefts as well as palatal development and growth in children with repaired cleft lip and palate deformities can vary greatly. Independent of the technique used surgery produces scar tissue, which restricts palatal growth so that by the second decade many patients have an underdeveloped maxilla. Experience has shown that the maxillary retrognathism found in many cleft patients is not amenable to nonsurgical correction. Few long-term studies have evaluated the procedures, sequencing and timing of the treatment methods found to give the best results. This lack of reliable information means there is a serious gap in our ability to assess the value of different treatment modalities.

Aims and methods: From the viewpoint of orthodontics, this article describes the treatment protocol used by the cleft lip and palate team at the University Hospitals of the KU Leuven. The present treatment protocol is illustrated and questioned by two cases. The roles of prediction of facial growth and distraction osteogenesis are discussed.
Stature and skeletal maturation of two cohorts of Australian children and young adults over the past two decades
Authors: Ranjitkar Sarbin , Lin Ni-Hung , Macdonald Ross , Taylor Jane A. , Townsend Grant C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Assessment of growth and maturation in humans has implications in the diagnosis and treatment of growth disorders and in determining timing of orthopaedic interventions.

Aims
Our aims were to investigate whether there was evidence of recent secular changes in stature and skeletal maturation in Australians, and to report any association between these parameters.

Methods
The cross-sectional study sample comprised 5,122 South Australian children and young adults, including 2,601 males and 2,521 females aged between 9 and 18 years. Records obtained from 1987 to 2005 included chronological age, stature and skeletal age in these individuals. Centiles for stature were calculated using the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) growth references published in 1975. Stature was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and the developmental stages of strategic ossification centres on hand-wrist radiographs were evaluated using the Greulich and Pyle (1959) atlas method.

Results
Average values for stature were consistently greater in the 1995–2005 cohort compared with the 1987–94 cohort for both sexes, although secular increases in females were less prominent compared with males. Males in the 1995–2005 cohort were also skeletally advanced when compared with their counterparts in the 1987–94 cohort, but this trend was not evident in females. There were significant associations between stature and skeletal maturation, with the strongest associations being noted around puberty in both sexes and progressively weaker associations in older age groups.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate secular increases in stature in Australian children and young adults of both sexes over the past few decades, and acceleration of skeletal maturation in males.
Effects of surface treatment on orthodontic bonding to amalgam
Authors: Skilton Jonathan W. , Tyas Martin J. , Woods Michael G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to compare the shear bond strengths of metal brackets bonded to amalgam surfaces.

Methods
One hundred and fifty amalgam samples were fabricated and either polished, roughened with a diamond bur or sandblasted with 50 mm aluminium oxide. Following thermocycling the shear bond strengths were tested and compared with control samples bonded to etched enamel.

Results
Concise resin composite, Metal Primer/Concise resin composite and All-Bond II/Concise resin composite bonded to sandblasted amalgam gave the highest mean shear strengths and were statistically similar to the etched enamel/Concise resin composite controls.

Conclusion
One would expect sandblasted amalgam surfaces to be associated with higher shear bond strengths than diamond bur roughened or polished amalgam surfaces.
Static frictional resistances of polycrystalline ceramic brackets with metal slot inserts
Authors: Rajakulendran Janahan , Jones Steven 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
To compare the static frictional resistances of polycrystalline ceramic brackets with a gold slot insert (Desire), a stainless steel slot insert (Clarity), a conventional polycrystalline ceramic bracket (Transcend 6000) and a stainless steel bracket (Ultratrimm).

Methods
Twenty five brackets of each type were tested by sliding against straight lengths of 0.019 x 0.025 inch rectangular stainless steel wire. During the tests the brackets and wire were lubricated with artificial saliva. Static frictional forces at three different binding angulations (0, 5 and 10 degrees) were measured for all brackets.

Results
Statistically significant increases in static frictional resistance were found as the bracket/wire angulation increased from 0 through 5 to 10 degrees for all bracket types. At angulations below the critical binding angle the Ultratrimm brackets produced the greatest friction and the Transcend 6000 brackets produced the least friction. As the angulation increased the Transcend 6000 brackets produced greater friction than the other brackets. At the highest angulation (10 degrees), the Ultratrimm brackets produced significantly less friction and the Transcend 6000 brackets produced significantly more friction than the other brackets. The Desire and Clarity brackets produced comparable results: there were no statistically significant differences between these two brackets for static friction at any of the angulations.

Conclusions
Polycrystalline ceramic brackets with either stainless steel or gold slot inserts produced similar static frictional resistances to sliding. At binding angulations, the brackets with inserts demonstrated consistently lower static frictional resistances than a conventional ceramic bracket.
Comparison of surgical and non-surgical methods of treating palatally impacted canines. I - Periodontal and pulpal outcomes
Authors: Ling Kwok K. , Ho Christopher T. C. , Kravchuk Olena , Olive Richard J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Inferior periodontal and pulpal outcomes may follow surgical exposure of palatally impacted maxillary canines.

Objectives
To compare the periodontal and pulpal health of palatally impacted maxillary canines following either surgical exposure and assisted eruption (SE) or unassisted eruption following extraction of the overlying deciduous canine and orthodontic creation of space in the arch (OT).

Methods
Twenty–eight subjects (OT group: N = 14; SE group: N = 14) with unilateral palatally impacted canines were examined at least six months after orthodontic treatment. The gingival index score, plaque index score, pocket depth, attachment loss, tenderness to percussion, pulpal responses to stimuli and radiographic assessment of changes in the pulpal cavities and peri-radicular areas were collected on the maxillary canines, lateral incisors and premolars. The contralateral teeth were used as controls.

Results
There were no significant differences in the plaque index scores, the gingival index scores or the periodontal outcomes between the impacted canines in the two groups (SE and OT). More impacted canines than control canines had lost some periodontal attachment in the SE group (p = 0.004). Although more lateral incisors, canines and premolars on the impacted side had partially obliterated pulps than the corresponding teeth on the control side, the teeth in both groups had similar pulpal responses (p = 0.064).

Conclusions
Natural eruption and conservative surgical exposure with orthodontic alignment have minor effects on the periodontium. Impacted canines treated surgically and non-surgically had a higher prevalence of pulpal changes than the control canines. Ultimately, the choice of treatment may depend on the clinical indications, the patient’s and the orthodontist’s preferences.
Treatment of skeletal 2 malocclusion using bone-plate anchorage. A case report
Authors: Kraikosol Kallaya , Rattanayatikul Charunee , Godfrey Keith , Vattraphudej Theparith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To report the treatment of a severe Class II division 1 malocclusion using bone-plate anchorage.

Methods
A 12 year-old Thai girl presented with a skeletal 2, Class II division 1 malocclusion. Following extraction of the maxillary first premolars and mandibular second premolars, the maxillary anterior teeth were retracted and the mandibular posterior teeth moved mesially. A miniplate with screws, placed in each zygomatic buttress, was used as absolute anchorage for coil springs to retract the maxillary anterior six teeth.

Results
After treatment, the patient presented with a normal overjet and overbite, a dental Class I relationship bilaterally and an improved facial profile.
Fracture characteristics of fibre reinforced composite bars used to provide rigid orthodontic dental segments
Authors: Tahmasbi Soodeh , Heravi Farzin , Moazzami Saied Mostafa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Fibre reinforced composites (FRC) can be used to join teeth as a rigid unit for anchorage purposes and/or for tooth movement. The utility of FRCs for these applications depends on the fracture characteristics and durability of the material under masticatory loads.

Aims
To evaluate the effect of simulated masticatory loads on the fracture characteristics of FRC bars joining two bicuspids.

Methods
Eighty extracted maxillary bicuspids were used. Pairs of bicuspids were joined with FRC bars on the buccal surfaces. The specimens were divided into two equal groups. In group A the fracture loads of the FRC bars were measured, and in group B the specimens were placed in a simulator and subjected to 4x105 chewing cycles, simulating a 2-year period of mastication. At the conclusion of this test the fracture loads of the FRC bars were measured in the intact specimens. All specimens were examined stereomicroscopically to determine the fracture pattern.

Results
There were no bond failures in group B during the simulated masticatory forces. The mean fracture loads in groups A and B were 195.8 N and 190.6 N, respectively. Stereomicroscopic examination showed that most fractures occurred at the enamel-composite interfaces in both groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in the fracture loads and fracture patterns.

Conclusions
Fibre reinforced composite bars bonded to bicuspids had sufficient durability to withstand the loads simulating a 2-year period of function. The fracture loads and fracture patterns of the FRC bars were not affected by the loads exerted by the simulator.
Does microetching enamel reduce bracket failure when indirect bonding mandibular posterior teeth?
Authors: Miles Peter G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo determine if microetching the mandibular premolars and first molars prior to acid-etching reduced bracket failures during the first six months of orthodontic treatment.MethodsSixty four patients with 384 mandibular first molar and premolar brackets were used in a split-mouth study design. In each patient the teeth on one side were acid-etched and the contralateral teeth were microetched prior to acid-etching. The microetched side was alternated in successive patients. The brackets were indirect bonded to the teeth on both sides. First time bracket failures were recorded over a 6-month period.ResultsTwo brackets (1 per cent) came loose on the microetched enamel side and four brackets (2.1 per cent) failed on the conventionally acid-etched side. This difference was not clinically or statistically significant (p= 0.41).ConclusionThe addition of microetching prior to acid-etching does not result in fewer bracket failures during the first six months of treatment.
Retrofitting the Bow of a General Cargo Vessel Andevaluating Energy Efficiency Operational Index
Authors: Denev Yordan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This report examines the feasibility and impact of retrofitting the bulbous bow on a general cargo ship, in terms of the energy efficiency operational index (EEOI), in the areas of Western Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean. Three ship forms were developed and analysed: with a bulbous bow, without a bulbous bow, and with a modified bulbous bow. The goal in developing the ship forms and conducting the analysis was to achieve minimal differences in the ship’s characteristics with the same volumetric displacement, aided by PolyCAD software. A route was selected between two ports: Varna and Rotterdam. The labour intensity of the bulbous bow retrofitting process was evaluated and approximate values of labours costs and cost for the task were determined. The results obtained for resistance during ship motion, EEOI, and fuel consumption reductions, or increases, were compared against the retrofitting values. The return cost of retrofitting is evaluated and measured in terms of fuel saved.