bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular evolution and diversity of isomerase–reductase operons involved in bacterial metabolism of glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Nishimura Yu , Okumura Kenji , Oiki Sayoko , Ogura Kohei , Hashimoto Wataru 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs), comprising uronic acids and amino sugars, are widely distributed in human tissues such as the intestine and oral cavity. Various bacteria colonize these tissues by assimilating GAGs. 4-Deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate (DHU) is produced during the degradation of GAGs. Pectin, abundant in plants, is also degraded into DHU. DHU is metabolized in a stepwise manner by the isomerase KduI or DhuI, followed by the reductase KduD or DhuD. Previous studies have shown that the two genes encoding isomerase and reductase (kduI-kduDanddhuD-dhuI, respectively) are designated in an operon. Therefore, it was believed thatdhuD-dhuIandkduI-kduDoperons evolved independently. Nevertheless, the discovery of a hybridkduI-dhuDoperon raised questions regarding the evolution of these operons. This study was conducted to investigate the factors driving the diversity of operons through a pan-genomic phylogenetic analysis across 3550 bacterial strains. Seven types of DHU metabolism-related operons were identified. The phylum Bacteroidota possesses a hybrid-typekduI-dhuDoperon rather thankduI-kduDorkduD-kduIoperon. The phylum Bacillota, but not Pseudomonadota or Bacteroidota, possesses thedhuD-dhuIoperon; however,dhuI-dhuDoperon was not detected in any bacterial strain. Although DHU is generated from the degradation of oligomerized GAG by an unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase (UGL), the UGL gene was found in strains positive forkduD-kduI,dhuD-dhuI,kduI-dhuD, anddhuD-kduIoperons at high ratios, indicating that the acquisition of these operons is advantageous for colonization on human hosts. (230 words)IMPORTANCEGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs), crucial components of the extracellular matrix, play a vital role in host infection by pathogenic bacteria as well as in the colonization of the host by commensal bacteria.The isomerases KduI and DhuI are nonhomologous isofunctional enzymes. ThedhuD-dhuIoperon is well conserved within certain phyla and appears to have a strong association with GAG metabolism. In contrast, thekduIsystem is more widely distributed across various species. Based on the possession ratios of genes encoding each enzyme that produces 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate, this study indicated that the substrates targeted by each metabolic system vary depending on the specific operon type.
“Decoding Mobile Genetic Elements, Virulence Factors, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Driving Biofilm Formation in MRSA via Network Analysis”
Authors: Iram Daraksha , Sansi Manish Singh , Ganguly Indrajit , Singh Sanjeev , Dixit Satpal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the genome of the Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strain d1418m22 through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis with six references strains.De novoassembly resulted in 61 scaffolds with a total genome size of 2.78 Mb. Functional annotation revealed 2,625 predicted genes, including those involved in metabolism, cellular processes, and virulence. Comparative genomic analysis identified 20 antibiotic resistance genes, including those conferring resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. In addition, 21 virulence factors (VFs) were identified, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and various enterotoxins. The presence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as prophages and transposons, underscored the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the evolution and transmission of resistance and virulence factors. Interaction network analysis identified key hub genes involved in various cellular processes, including biofilm formation. This comprehensive genomic analysis provides valuable insights into the genetic makeup of MRSA strain d1418m22, contributing to a better understanding of its pathogenicity and potential public health implications. Six reference MRSA strains were isolated from (MRSA-AMRF4 and MRSA-AMRF5) eye infections, (MRSA and MRSA-15) wound pus, (VMRSA-WC071, and VMRSA-WC081) urine samples. The analysis identified resistance genes, virulence factors, GC content, ANI values, andSCCmecelements, which were found to be similar to those present in the resistant MRSA d1418m22 strain genome.
Heterochronous laminar maturation in the human prefrontal cortex
Authors: Sydnor Valerie J. , Petrie Daniel , McKeon Shane D. , Famalette Alyssa , Foran Will , Calabro Finnegan J. , Luna Beatriz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe human prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibits markedly protracted developmental plasticity, yet whether reductions in plasticity occur synchronously across prefrontal cortical layers is unclear. Animal studies have shown that intracortical myelin consolidates neural circuits to close periods of plasticity. Here, we use quantitative myelin imaging collected from youth (ages 10-32 years) at ultra-high field (7T) to investigate whether deep and superficial PFC layers exhibit different timeframes of plasticity. We find that myelin matures along a deep-to-superficial axis in the PFC; this axis of maturational timing is expressed to a different extent in cytoarchitecturally distinct regions along the frontal cortical hierarchy. By integrating myelin mapping with electroencephalogram and cognitive phenotyping, we provide evidence that deep and superficial prefrontal myelin dissociably impact timescales of neural activity, task learning rates, and cognitive processing speed. Heterochronous maturation across deep and superficial layers is an underrecognized mechanism through which association cortex balances cognitively-relevant increases in circuit stability and efficiency with extended neuroplasticity.
Effects of
H−
low beam irradiation and high field pulsing tests in different metals
Authors: Serafim C. , Calatroni S. , Djurabekova F. , Peacock R. , Bjelland V. , Perez-Fontenla A. T. , Wuensch W. , Grudiev A. , Sgobba S. , Lombardi A. , Sargsyan E. 
Published: January 2025

This work studies the suitability of a set of different materials for manufacturing more efficient and durable radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) structures compared to that currently used in many linear particle accelerators, traditionally made out of copper. RFQs are susceptible to vacuum breakdowns caused by the exposure to high electric fields, resulting in surface degradation. Additionally, a further limitation of present-day copper RFQs is surface blistering under hydrogen ion beam exposure, due to beam halo losses. Irradiation is associated with a further reduction of the breakdown field strength of the metal surface thereby affecting the overall efficiency of the RFQ. The investigated materials, Cu-OFE, CuCr1Zr, CuBe2, Ti6Al4V, SS316LN, Nb, and Ta, were submitted to low-energy (45 keV) H− irradiation and tested in a direct-current (dc) system with pulsed high voltage. For comparison, the maximum surface electric field was measured for both irradiated and pristine (nonirradiated) surfaces of the same material. The effects of irradiation on the surface of the materials, before and after being submitted to high electric fields, were studied with the help of microscopic imaging and chemical analysis. Blistering caused by H− irradiation has been observed in all copper and copper alloy materials. Despite reductions in breakdown field strength postirradiation, no indications were found that the blisters on the surface have a direct cause in triggering breakdowns during high electric field tests. SS316LN, Ti6Al4V, CuBe2, and CuCr1Zr showed maximum surface electric fields higher than copper, making these promising candidate materials for future RFQs manufacturing. This paper focuses on the results with CuCr1Zr, CuBe2, SS316LN, and Ta, complementing and expanding previous work exploring Cu-OFE, Nb, and Ti6Al4V.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Pauli principle forbids
ΩQQQΩQQQΩQQQ
bound states
Authors: Garcilazo H. , Valcarce A. 
Published: January 2025

Lattice QCD studies have shown the attractive character of the S01 ΩQQQΩQQQ, Q=s, c, b, interaction, predicting deeply bound states as the mass of the heavy quark increases. This has led to the question of the possible existence of bound states of more than two ΩQQQ baryons, in particular ΩQQQΩQQQΩQQQ bound states. We discuss how these states might not exist in nature in any flavor sector. The reason would be due to the simultaneous action of two consequences of the Pauli principle in the different partial waves: one at the baryon level, affecting the S01 partial wave, and the other due to the quark substructure, affecting the S25 partial wave.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Line shape of the
J/ψ→γηc
decay
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Xiaolong , Liao Guangrui , Zhu Kai 
Published: January 2025

An accurate description of the photon spectrum line shape is essential for extracting resonance parameters of the ηc meson through the radiative transition J/ψ→γηc. However, a persistent challenge remains in the form of a divergent tail at high photon energies, arising from the Eγ3 factor in theoretical calculations. Various damping functions have been proposed to mitigate this effect in practical experiments, but their empirical nature lacks a rigorous theoretical basis. In this study, we introduce two key considerations: incorporating full-order contributions of the Bessel function in the overlap integral of charmonium wave functions and the phase space factor neglected in previous experimental studies. By accounting for these factors, we demonstrate a more rational and effective damping function of the divergent tail associated with the Eγ3 term. We present the implications of these findings on experimental measurements and provide further insights through toy Monte Carlo simulations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Holistic framework for the adoption determinants of mobile health applications: a systematic literature review
Authors: Al-Jabali Rasha Najib , Ahmad Norasnita , Khatib Saleh F.A. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the adoption determinants of mobile health (M-health) applications for health behavior change following a systematic methodology.

Design/methodology/approach
This review systematically identified 134 peer-reviewed studies out of 10,687 from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) published between 2010 and 2021. This review used a thematic analysis to produce the main themes conceptualizing a holistic framework of the investigated M-health application adoption factors.

Findings
Despite the exploration of multifaceted adoption determinants and behaviors, the current publications exhibit limitations. The studies not only show a lack of representation of multiple health behaviors and medical conditions but also fail to involve data from low- and middle-developing countries, where M-health application utilization is crucial. Findings revealed that there is a considerable absence of a solid theoretical foundation that unveils a gap in interpreting the adoption factors effectively. Understanding cultural and demographic variances and exploring financial factors and healthcare provider involvement is essential for tailoring M-health application interventions. Continuous assessment of technological factors and evaluation of the actual impact of M-health application usage on behavioral changes and health outcomes will further enhance the effectiveness and adoption of these technologies.

Originality/value
This review is one of the first comprehensive reviews of determinants of M-health application adoption targeting health behavior change for the general public and patients.
Effect of FDM process parameters on mechanical properties of 3D-printed fabrics and yarns from polyethylene terephthalate glycol, nylon and thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Sapkota Ashok , Ghimire Shree Kaji , Adanur Sabit 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Optimization of FDM process parameters has emerged as a major step toward mitigating the issue of reduced mechanical strength of fused deposition modeling (FDM) products. This study aims to evaluate the impact of process parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed fabric yarns of three different materials, namely, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), nylon and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).

Design/methodology/approach
2/1 Twill fabric samples with variations of extrusion temperatures and printing profiles are produced, and the individual yarns, manually separated from the fabric samples, are tested for tensile strength, modulus, strain and energy at maximum force. The tensile test results are further subjected to statistical analysis with MINITAB software to detect the standard level of influence of each parameter and evaluate their significance.

Findings
Both extrusion temperature and printing profile, along with their interaction, are significantly important parameters for the mechanical behavior of PETG. However, for nylon and TPU, the influence of a few parameters is found to be insignificant. For all variations of fabric yarns, relatively lower extrusion temperature is concluded to be preferable for better mechanical properties.

Originality/value
This research is new and original. It provides knowledge about how FDM process parameters influence the mechanical behavior of fabrics. It also identifies the optimum process parameters for the best performance of the final product. This article can be a foundation for further parametric analysis of 3D-printed fabric. No artificial intelligence or similar software was used in the preparation of this manuscript.
‘They Begged with Borrowed Children and a Woman in Men's Clothing’: Gender and the Regulation of Begging in Late Medieval Germany
Authors: Edgren Allison 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the role that gender played in the regulation of begging in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in southern German cities. Central to this analysis is an unusual legal case from Nuremberg, in which two blind beggars were exiled for seeking alms with borrowed children and a cross‐dressing woman. This case provides insight into many of the factors that influenced medieval reactions to mendicancy, including perceptions of gender, disability and deceptive begging practices. Contextualising the case in local literary and legal records reveals that all these factors together contributed to the group's condemnation, as authorities considered this near‐familial group as a whole. The case thus suggests that medieval observers considered beggars’ gender not only individually but also in terms of their relationships; the more a group resembled a family unit, the less potential donors and authorities were willing to tolerate divergence from accepted gender norms.
Stress‐Testing Monitoring Design to Lock in Conservation Success
Authors: Taylor S. , Alves F. , Potts J. , Rayner L. , Stojanovic D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEffective monitoring of threatened species is key to identifying trends in populations and informing conservation management decisions. However, clearly defined monitoring questions that are informed by local circumstances and species traits are commonly neglected. We propose a decision framework as a guide to prioritise what data to collect and methods to use for population monitoring. We applied our decision framework to trial monitoring of Gang‐gang Cockatoos (Callocephalon fimbriatum), a threatened, iconic species in Southeast Australia. To meet our program objectives, we trailed distance sampling surveys to estimate population abundance across the urban landscape in the Australian Capital Territory. Despite consistently high reporting rates in the study area, detection rates were too low to estimate the abundance of Gang‐gang Cockatoos. As part of assessing the appropriateness of distance sampling as an approach, we simulated surveys under a hypothetically inflated survey effort and population size. Simulations show that even if our field survey effort was doubled or if the population size of Gang‐gang Cockatoos was improbably high, detections would remain too low for distance sampling to be a practical approach. We then revisit our decision framework to make new recommendations for future monitoring of Gang‐gang Cockatoos and demonstrate the importance of a clear monitoring framework when evaluating how best to achieve conservation goals in the context of methodological uncertainty. The first steps of designing and implementing a monitoring program are crucial—our decision framework offers practitioners a clear, reasoned approach to deciding which methods are needed to address their conservation objectives, along with contingencies for when plans go awry.
Rooted in routine: Fostering higher order vegetable‐shopping habits using a randomised simple planning intervention
Authors: More Kimberly R. , More Curt , Harris Natasha , Phillips L. Alison 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA healthy diet is a protective factor against a host of negative health outcomes. To maintain such a diet necessitates the consumption of at least 240 g of vegetables per day. However, most of the population fails to meet this threshold. Utilising a randomised controlled trial, the present study tested the effectiveness of a one‐off higher order habit intervention aimed at shopping for a variety of vegetables and the mechanisms that may support such habit development. Specifically, participants (N = 198; 54.5% female; 20 to 74 years of age) were allocated to the intervention or control group to explore (1) how effective an action‐ and coping‐planning intervention is at targeting the formation of vegetable‐shopping higher order habits and (2) whether healthy‐eater identity, intrinsic motivation and self‐efficacy were mechanisms of action. Follow‐up measures of habit, the mechanisms of action and behaviour were taken post‐intervention, weekly for 4 weeks and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups. The intervention led to stronger higher order habit formation after 6 months and that it was particularly effective for those with low baseline higher order habits for vegetable shopping. These findings demonstrate that a simple, one‐off, intervention can lead to long‐lasting change in higher order habits within the nutrition domain.
Sex‐related changes in lactate dehydrogenase A expression differently impact the immune response in melanoma
Authors: Iozzo Marta , Comito Giuseppina , Ippolito Luigi , Sandrini Giada , Pardella Elisa , Pranzini Erica , Capone Mariaelena , Madonna Gabriele , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Chiarugi Paola , Giannoni Elisa 
Published: January 2025

Melanoma is more aggressive in male patients than female ones and this is associated with sexual dimorphism in immune responses. Taking into consideration the impact tumour metabolic alterations in affecting the immune landscape, we aimed to investigate the effect of the sex‐dependent metabolic profile of melanoma in re‐shaping immune composition. Melanoma is characterised by Warburg metabolism, and secreted lactate has emerged as a key driver in the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment. Here, we identified lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH‐A) as a crucial player in modulating sex‐related differences in melanoma immune responses, both in vitro and in patient‐derived specimens. LDH‐A is associated with higher lactate secretion in male melanoma cells, which leads to a significant enrichment in pro‐tumoural regulatory T cells (Treg) with a concurrent decrease in the number and activity of anti‐tumour CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, pharmacological and genetic impairment of LDH‐A in male melanoma cells normalises Treg and CD8+ infiltration. In keeping with this, in vivo pharmacological targeting of LDH‐A in melanoma‐bearing male mice impairs tumour growth and lung colonisation, with a concomitant modulation of Treg and CD8+ T cells infiltration. Taken together, our findings highlight the sex‐related differences promoted by LDH‐A in immune reshaping in melanoma, and suggest that therapeutic targeting of LDH‐A could be leveraged as an effective strategy to abolish the sex‐gap in melanoma progression.
Pancreatic congestion is associated with exocrine pancreatic function in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Kokubu Masahito , Imamura Yoshiki , Kumagi Teru , Hirooka Masashi , Numata Yuki , Okujima Yusuke , Ishikawa Sho , Marui‐Sato Kaori , Koizumi Mitsuhito , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimPortal hypertension resulting from liver cirrhosis (LC) can lead to pancreatic congestion and impaired insulin secretion. Therefore, this prospective study aimed to assess the association between pancreatic congestion and exocrine pancreatic function in patients with LC.MethodsIn our clinical study, pancreatic congestion and exocrine pancreatic function were evaluated using shear wave dispersion (SWD) and fecal elastase‐1 (FE‐1). Additionally, pancreatic acinar cells, venous walls, and fibrosis were assessed in an autopsy study.ResultsThe FE‐1 levels were lower in the LC group (n = 41) than in the control group (n = 41) (312 ± 89 vs. 442 ± 100 μg/g, p < 0.001). The LC group included six patients (14.6%) with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, whereas there were none in the control group. Pancreatic SWD values were significantly higher in the LC group than in the control group (14.8 ± 2.3 vs. 10.0 ± 1.28 [m/s]/kHz, p < 0.001). Fecal elastase‐1 was significantly negatively correlated with pancreatic SWD (R = −0.55, p < 0.001). As for the autopsy study, the percentage of the trypsin‐positive area was significantly lower in the LC group (n = 11) than in the control group (n = 10) (38.1 ± 10.1% vs. 26.5 ± 3.0%, p = 0.0055). The percentage of trypsin‐positive area was significantly negatively correlated with the wall thickness of the pancreatic vein (R = −0.76, p < 0.001).ConclusionsExocrine pancreatic function was reduced and significantly correlated with pancreatic congestion in patients with LC. Portal hypertension may affect the exocrine pancreatic function.