bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene deletion of the PACAP/VIP receptor, VPAC2R, alters glycemic responses during metabolic and psychogenic stress in adult female mice
Authors: Kozlova Elena V. , Bishay Anthony E. , Denys Maximilian E. , Chinthirla Bhuvaneswari D. , Valdez Matthew C. , Spurgin Kurt A. , Krum Julia M. , Basappa Karthik R. , Currás‐Collazo Margarita C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) and the homologous peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), participate in glucose homeostasis using insulinotropic and counterregulatory processes. The role of VIP receptor 2 (VPAC2R) in these opposing actions needs further characterization. In this study, we examined the participation of VPAC2R on basal glycemia, fasted levels of glucoregulatory hormones and on glycemia responses during metabolic and psychogenic stress using gene‐deleted (Vipr2−/−) female mice. The mean basal glycemia was significantly greater in Vipr2−/− in the fed state and after an 8‐h overnight fast as compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. Insulin tolerance testing following a 5‐h fast (morning fast, 0.38 U/kg insulin) indicated no effect of genotype. However, during a more intense metabolic challenge (8 h, ON fast, 0.25 U/kg insulin), Vipr2−/− females displayed significantly impaired insulin hypoglycemia. During immobilization stress, the hyperglycemic response and plasma epinephrine levels were significantly elevated above basal in Vipr2−/−, but not WT mice, in spite of similar stress levels of plasma corticosterone. Together, these results implicate participation of VPAC2R in upregulated counterregulatory processes influenced by enhanced sympathoexcitation. Moreover, the suppression of plasma GLP‐1 levels in Vipr2−/− mice may have removed the inhibition on hepatic glucose production and the promotion of glucose disposal by GLP‐1. qPCR analysis indicated deregulation of central gene markers of PACAP/VIP signaling in Vipr2−/−, upregulated medulla tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) and downregulated hypothalamic Vip transcripts. These results demonstrate a physiological role for VPAC2R in glucose metabolism, especially during insulin challenge and psychogenic stress, likely involving the participation of sympathoadrenal activity and/or metabolic hormones.
Evaluation of one versus two glaze firings on the color stability and mechanical properties of an extrinsically characterized monolithic CAD‐CAM lithium disilicate glass ceramic
Authors: Kelma Palacio Gomes Magalhães Aghata , Barros Moreira Gabriela , Loíky Sampaio de Souza Matheus , Whitehurst Ary Leitão Andrea , Fernandes Peixoto Raniel , Pontes Cássio , Matthes de Freitas Pontes Karina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of 1 versus 2 glaze firings on the color and mechanical properties of an extrinsically characterized lithium disilicate ceramic after thermal cycling, brushing, or both.Materials and MethodsEighty specimens were divided into 2 groups: 1 glaze firing (GL1) and 2 glaze firings (GL2). Each group was subdivided into 4 groups (n = 10), according to the experimental conditions: thermal‐cycling, brushing, thermal‐cycling + brushing, and immersion in distilled water (control). Color variation, surface roughness, and Vickers microhardness were analyzed before each designated experiment and after the simulated periods of 2.5, 5, and 10 years. Three‐way mixed ANOVA was used for all outcomes, followed by 1‐way ANOVA, repeated measures 1‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, and t‐test to check for statistical differences (α = 0.05).ResultsThermal cycling generated greater color changes in the GL1 group at 2.5 and 5 years (p < 0.001; p = 0.013). Brushing generated color changes in GL1 at 5 years (p = 0.003) and in GL2 at 10 years (p = 0.017). Regarding surface roughness, the GL1 group suffered alterations in thermal cycling + brushing at 5 years. In the control group, the GL1 group exhibited higher roughness values than GL2 (p < 0.05). Most of the groups experienced an increase in microhardness at 2.5 years (p < 0.05). In the GL1 group, thermal‐cycling increased the microhardness at 5 years (p = 0.006); at 5 and 10 years, the GL1 group had a higher microhardness than the GL2 in thermal‐cycling + brushing (p < 0.05).ConclusionCeramics with 1 glaze firing showed greater color, roughness, and microhardness changes compared to those submitted to 2 firings.
The impact of Resolvin E1 on bone regeneration in critical‐sized calvarial defects of rat model—A gene expression and micro‐CT analysis
Authors: Alrumaih Sara , Alshibani Nouf , Alssum Lamees , Alshehri Fahad A. , AlMayrifi Mohammed A. , AlMayouf Mohammed , Alrahlah Ali , Bautista Leonel S. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate, in vivo, the effect of local application of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) on the bone regeneration of critical‐size defects (CSDs) in Wistar rats utilizing gene expression and micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) analysis.BackgroundThe inflammation‐resolving actions of RvE1 are well established. The molecular mechanism of its bone‐regenerative actions has been of significant interest in recent years; however, there is limited information regarding the same.Materials and MethodsThirty Wistar rats with a 5 mm induced critical‐size calvarial defect were randomly allocated into four groups: no treatment/negative control (n = 5), treatment using bovine bone grafts/positive control (n = 5), treatment using local delivery of RvE1 (n = 11) and treatment using RvE1 mixed with bovine bone graft (n = 9). After 4 weeks, RNA isolation, complementary DNA synthesis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used for genetic expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN). The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks and micro‐CT imaging was performed to analyse the characteristics of the newly formed bone (NFB). The data were analysed using ANOVA and the least significant difference tests (α ≤ .05).ResultsThe RvE1 + bovine graft group had statistically highest mean NFB (20.75 ± 2.67 mm3) compared to other groups (p < .001). Similarly, RvE1 + bovine graft group also demonstrated statistically highest mean genetic expression of ALP (31.71 ± 2.97; p = .008) and OPN (34.78 ± 3.62; p < .001) compared to negative control and RvE1 groups.ConclusionResolvin E1 with adjunct bovine bone graft demonstrated an enhanced bone regeneration compared to RvE1 or bovine graft alone in the calvarial defect of Wistar rats.
Dietary supplements, guideline alignment and biochemical nutrient status in pregnancy: Findings from the Queensland Family Cohort pilot study
Authors: Gallo Linda A. , Steane Sarah E. , Young Sophia L. , de Jersey Susan , Schoenaker Danielle A. J. M. , Borg Danielle J. , Lockett Jack , Collins Clare E. , Perkins Anthony V. , Kumar Sailesh , Clifton Vicki L. , Wilkinson Shelley A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn high‐income nations, multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation during pregnancy is a common practice. We aimed to describe maternal characteristics associated with supplement use and daily dose of supplemental nutrients consumed in pregnancy, and whether guideline alignment and nutrient status are related to supplement use. The Queensland Family Cohort is a prospective, Australian observational longitudinal study. Maternal characteristics, nutrient intake from food and supplements, and biochemical nutrient status were assessed in the second trimester (n = 127). Supplement use was reported by 89% of participants, of whom 91% reported taking an MMN supplement. Participants who received private obstetric care, had private health insurance and had greater alignment to meat/vegetarian alternatives recommendations were more likely to report MMN supplement use. Private obstetric care and general practitioner shared care were associated with higher daily dose of supplemental nutrients consumed compared with midwifery group practice. There was high reliance on supplements to meet nutrient reference values for folate, iodine and iron, but only plasma folate concentrations were higher in MMN supplement versus nonsupplement users. Exceeding the upper level of intake for folic acid and iron was more likely among combined MMN and individual supplement/s users, and associated with higher plasma concentrations of the respective nutrients. Given the low alignment with food group recommendations and potential risks associated with high MMN supplement use, whole food diets should be emphasized. This study confirms the need to define effective strategies for optimizing nutrient intake in pregnancy, especially among those most vulnerable where MMN supplement use may be appropriate.
The influence of Acetobacter pomorum bacteria on the developmental progression of Drosophila suzukii via gluconic acid secretion
Authors: Bing Xiao‐Li , Liang Zi‐Jian , Tian Jia , Gong Xue , Huang Shao‐Qiu , Chen Jie , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInsects are rich in various microorganisms, which play diverse roles in affecting host biology. Although most Drosophila species prefer rotten fruits, the agricultural pest Drosophila suzukii attacks ripening fruits before they are harvested. We have reported that the microbiota has positive and negative impacts on the agricultural pest D. suzukii on nutrient‐poor and ‐rich diets, respectively. On nutrient‐poor diets, microbes provide protein to facilitate larval development. But how they impede D. suzukii development on nutrient‐rich diets is unknown. Here we report that Acetobacter pomorum (Apo), a commensal bacterium in many Drosophila species and rotting fruit, has several detrimental effects in D. suzukii. Feeding D. suzukii larvae nutrient‐rich diets containing live Apo significantly delayed larval development and reduced the body weight of emerged adults. Apo induced larval immune responses and downregulated genes of digestion and juvenile hormone metabolism. Knockdown of these genes in germ‐free larvae reproduced Apo‐like weakened phenotypes. Apo was confirmed to secrete substantial amounts of gluconic acid. Adding gluconic acid to the D. suzukii larval diet hindered larval growth and decreased adult body weight. Moreover, the dose of gluconic acid that adversely affected D. suzukii did not negatively affect Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting that D. suzukii is less tolerant to acid than D. melanogaster. Taken together, these findings indicate that D. suzukii is negatively affected by gluconic acid, which may explain why it prefers ripening fruit over Apo‐rich rotting fruit. These results show an insect's tolerance to microbes can influence its ecological niche.
Non‐pharmacologic interventions for management of radiation‐induced dry mouth: A systematic review
Authors: Khamdi Sukontha , Matangkasombut Oranart , Lam‐Ubol Aroonwan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesRadiation‐induced dry mouth negatively impacts patients' oral health and quality of life. Currently, evidence‐based recommendation for non‐pharmacologic interventions is still lacking.This study aimed to systematically review clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of non‐pharmacologic interventions in cancer patients with radiation‐induced dry mouth.MethodsRandomized controlled trials from 2000 were searched from 4 databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase via OVID, and SCOPUS, up to December 16th, 2022 (PROSPERO registration CRD42022378405). The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were included: 11 on artificial saliva, 4 on electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 2 on acupuncture, and one study each on low‐level laser therapy, stem cells, chewing gum, and probiotics. Overall bias was low, medium, and high in 33%, 48%, and 19% of the studies, respectively. Certain artificial saliva products and TENS were shown to improve dry mouth symptoms and salivary flow rate (SFR). One study showed that stem cell transplantation significantly increased SFR.ConclusionsThe evidence suggested that certain artificial saliva products and TENS are promising management. However, the evidence was still limited due to heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measurements. Thus, future studies using standard measurements and long‐term follow‐up are warranted.
Prevalence and the impact of hepatitis E infection in pediatric liver transplanted recipients with hepatitis in Thailand
Authors: Sintusek Palittiya , Khunsri Siriporn , Chansaenroj Jira , Thongmee Thanunrat , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection typically causes acute and self‐limiting hepatitis. However, chronic infection can occur in immunocompromised hosts. This study determined the prevalence and impact of HEV infection in liver transplanted (LT) children who had transaminitis.MethodsThe demographic data, anti‐HEV IgM/IgG, serum/stool HEV RNA, and management for LT children with acute or persistent transaminitis from 2003 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. HEV serology was tested by ELISA, and HEV RNA was detected by semi‐nested PCR.ResultsSeventy‐two children with LT with persistent transaminitis with a median age of 4.41 (1.32, 9.14) years (55.6% female) and one with acute hepatitis were investigated for HEV infection. Anti‐HEV IgM, anti‐HEV IgG, serum, or stool HEV RNA was investigated in 95.8% (N = 69), 93.1% (N = 67), 43.1% (N = 31), and 37.5% (N = 27) of patients, respectively. The prevalence of HEV infection was 37.5% (N = 27). There was no significant difference in characteristics between the HEV‐infected and HEV‐non‐infected patients. Moreover, 22.2% (N = 16) and 15.3% (N = 11) of patients had past HEV infection and HEV‐related acute or chronic infection, respectively. Most of the patients had primary treatment as the presumed graft rejection without improvement. In two patients, detectable HEV RNA in serum turned undetectable in approximately 2 weeks and 2 months, and liver enzyme levels normalized after reducing immunosuppressive therapy.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HEV infection among pediatric LT recipients with hepatitis was high. Chronic HEV infection was evidenced in two patients. Investigations of HEV infection in pediatric LT recipients with persistent transaminitis should guide proper management.
Development of a molecular diagnostic to discriminate between Fomitiporia species and advancements in detection of the main grapevine decline‐related pathogens in propagating material and mature vines
Authors: Christopoulou Marilena , Tsoukas Christos , Gkizi Danai , Triantafyllopoulou Alexandra , Tzima Aliki K. , Paplomatas Epaminondas J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA comprehensive study was conducted on the prevalence of grapevine trunk diseases in Greece, focusing specifically on contamination of grapevine propagation material by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and black foot disease‐related species. Additionally, detection of esca pathogen Fomitiporia mediterranea, causing white rot in grapevine and other woody hosts, was assessed using a new PCR‐based assay that distinguishes F. mediterranea from F. punctata. Development of a nested PCR assay, combined with a cost‐effective DNA extraction protocol, revealed a high percentage of infection by P. chlamydospora (51%) and Ilyonectria species associated with black foot disease (28%) in different types of grapevine propagation material (dormant cuttings, field‐rooted benchgrafts and green‐growing plants). Interestingly, black foot disease‐related pathogens were more prevalent in nursery plants grown in the field for 6 months (57%) than in other types of propagation material and compared with P. chlamydospora (43%), indicating increased infection of propagation material during growth in the nursery field. The cost‐effective molecular method developed in this study could be used in mass inspections of propagation material for phytosanitary purposes. Finally, using primers specific for F. mediterranea and F. puncata developed in this study, combined with the universal ITS4 primer, a collection of Fomitiporia isolates from mature grapevine and other woody hosts from Greece and Italy (southern Europe) were characterized as F. mediterranea, whereas German and Swedish isolates from forest plants (central Europe) were classified as F. punctata. The developed primers can discriminate between the two Fomitiporia species, which are indistinguishable based on culture and morphological characteristics alone.
Hydrochemical mixing‐zones trigger dolomite formation in an alkaline lake
Authors: McCormack Jeremy , Baldermann Andre , Bontognali Tomaso R. R. , Wolf Annabel , Kwiecien Ola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDolomite is globally present in past geological records, but rare in modern environments. The mechanisms favouring its precipitation under ambient conditions remain highly debated. This study investigates sediments, containing high concentrations of early diagenetic calcian dolomite, from alkaline Lake Van (Republic of Türkiye, formally Turkey) dating back to 252 ka bp. Powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy evidence suggests that dolomite formation is associated with prior dissolution of aragonite and low‐Mg calcite and a subsequent co‐precipitation with, and/or partial transformation of, high‐Mg calcite into dolomite. The infrequent presence of diatom frustules encapsulated by dolomite suggests, for Lake Van, unusually low pore‐water pH at the time of dolomite formation. Conditions facilitating the preservation of silica, as well as dissolution and subsequent reprecipitation of carbonate phases, could result from periodic reventilations of Lake Van's deep water and an advection of pore fluids with contrasting redox potential and chemical concentration gradients. This continental analogue of the coastal ‘mixing‐zone’ dolomitization model argues that not overcoming a single specific hydrochemical threshold, but highly dynamic and fluctuating conditions trigger dolomite formation in Lake Van.
Co‐learning and co‐teaching in a newly introduced research learning community
Authors: Claessen Roy J. M. , van Ede Annelies E. , van Gils Merel , Reuzel Rob P. B. , van Woezik Tamara E. T. , van Gurp Petra J. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch clerkships are usually designed as individual learning projects focusing on research skills training, such as research design, data analysis and reporting. When the COVID‐19 pandemic triggered an urgent need for digital education, we redesigned a research clerkship with the challenging aim to maintain original quality for more students than usual with limited teaching staff.ApproachWe introduced the concept of a research learning community (RLC) with co‐teaching and co‐learning to a group of 14 students and seven teaching faculty using digital platforms. Small groups of students participated in the RLC, which was supervised weekly by the teachers. Research experts were continuously involved and led workshops.EvaluationUsing a qualitative design, we analysed experiences from the perspectives of students and faculty. We performed an inductive thematic content analysis of three focus group interviews and used 14 student reports for triangulation. The results indicate that apart from developing research skills, students valued peer assistance, attention to uncertainty and learning beyond individual research projects. The teachers/research experts reported that co‐teaching and co‐learning had contributed to their professional development. In terms of organisation, students and faculty recognised that the RLC model allowed for interdisciplinary learning, facilitated by a digital platform.ImplicationsTo develop students' research skills, embedding a clerkship in an RLC is an attractive alternative to individual research clerkships. The obligatory learning goals are met. Co‐learning and co‐teaching foster faculty's and students' professional development. When translating to other curricula, we recommend stating common goals in addition to individual objectives.
Cone‐beam computed tomography produces images of numerically comparable diagnostic quality for bone and inferior quality for soft tissues compared with fan‐beam computed tomography in cadaveric equine metacarpophalangeal joints
Authors: Stewart Holly L. , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. , Selberg Kurt T. , Bills Kathryn W. , Kawcak Christopher E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an emerging modality for imaging of the equine patient. The objective of this prospective, descriptive, exploratory study was to assess visualization tasks using CBCT compared with conventional fan‐beam CT (FBCT) for imaging of the metacarpophalangeal joint in equine cadavers. Satisfaction scores were numerically excellent with both CBCT and FBCT for bone evaluation, and FBCT was numerically superior for soft tissue evaluation. Preference tests indicated FBCT was numerically superior for soft tissue evaluation, while preference test scoring for bone was observer‐dependent. Findings from this study can be used as background for future studies evaluating CBCT image quality in live horses.
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii in pigs in Haryana, India
Authors: Moudgil Pallavi , Pandita Sakshi , Kumar Ramesh , Khasa Vipin , Dash Spandan Shashwat , Bangar Yogesh C. , Jindal Naresh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsToxoplasmosis is one of the most common food‐borne parasitic zoonosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. A cross‐sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in Haryana, India.Methods and ResultsSerum samples were collected from 429 pigs from three agroclimatic zones (I–III) of Haryana and analysed for the presence of antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti‐T. gondii antibodies were detected in 106 animals (24.7%), with the highest seropositivity in zone II (31.3%) followed by zone III (24.4%) and zone I (18.3%). Risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were farm size (higher in large‐sized farms), age (higher in pigs >1 year of age), sex (higher in males), type of feeding (higher in combination of homemade and hotel waste) and housing (higher in free‐ranging pigs).ConclusionsThe findings of the study testify to the exposure of pigs (of all agro‐climatic zones) to T. gondii. Hence, the observations are of significant medical and veterinary importance for devising and implementing control measures to check the dissemination of toxoplasmosis to pigs and eventually to humans.
The Application of Fluidic Sealing in Shrouded Gas Turbine Blades
Authors: Wasilczuk Filip , Flaszyński Paweł , Doerffer Piotr , Marugi Krzysztof , Borzęcki Tomasz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a study conducted on a new gas turbine designed to limit leakage in the labyrinth seal. The slots in the fin are used to generate a bypass flow, which obstructs the flow in the gap above the fin. The method was tested numerically and experimentally beforehand using a simplified model without rotation or blade passages. In this paper, the validation of the method using a model of a turbine stage is shown. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations using two turbulence models—Spalart–Allmaras (SA) and k-ω EARSM—were conducted. Comparisons of leakage flow and stage efficiency for reference and fluidic sealing configurations are presented. Fluidic sealing configuration is effective and reduces the leakage flow by 13–18.5% (depending on the turbulence model). The analysis of the flow structure in the seal region revealed that the use of fluidic sealing resulted in significant circumferential flow anisotropy.