bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adult Intervention in the Development of Science Process Skills
Authors: Napal Fraile María , Vázquez Bienzobas Lara , Zudaire Ripa Isabel , Uriz Doray Irantzu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractContrary to the commonly held belief that preschool children are not prepared to understand certain scientific phenomena, studies have shown at least an incipient command of science process skills (SPS) whenever children are provided with various opportunities and contexts for learning. Specifically, the degree of adult intervention may strongly determine learning outcomes, especially if this role consists of guiding exploration with productive questions that help the children focus their attention on the phenomena of interest. This research was aimed at assessing the impact of different styles of adult intervention on the learning of and engagement with science tasks, in the context of a proposal intended to develop SPS among young children. Forty-two children aged 4–6 were subdivided in three groups and participated in various science proposals under different styles of adult intervention: children-led, adult-led or scaffolded exploration. While the adult-led group attained the most detailed learning of concepts, the scaffolded exploration group improved their basic SPS more. The children-led intervention had the poorest results. The type of questions proved crucial, with productive questions which prompt the children to focus their attention or find a solution leading to much more accurate and complete answers.
Facilitating the Practice of 4C Skills in Biology Education Through Educational Escape Rooms
Authors: Villias Georgios , Winterbottom Mark 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this longitudinal, mixed-method research study is to examine thoroughly the design and practical application of a new, promising, multi-dimensional educational approach that has emerged recently, namely Educational Escape Rooms (EERs). Focusing on EERs’ educational potential to facilitate learners in developing their 21st century skills, the study attempts to systematically record which of the 4Cs (Critical thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, Communication) are being practised by students while engaging in an EER activity, but also to examine whether a measurable development of these skills could be observed. From a practitioner’s perspective, the research study also seeks answers on how to optimise the design of these didactic interventions so as to enhance the practice of the 4C skills. Regarding the study’s outcome, the research provides strong empirical evidence of EERs’ ability to foster the practice of these skills, illustrating the significance of their puzzles’ design. It also presents several indications of skills development, acknowledging the need for further investigation. Lastly, it reveals the existence of specific connections between certain puzzle types and the practice of the 4C skills. These findings, in turn, enabled us to frame useful guidelines for designing EERs that combine the practice and development of these skills with content learning.
Friends or Foes? Microorganisms in Greek School Textbooks
Authors: Ampatzidis Georgios , Armeni Anastasia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA thorough understanding of microorganisms is considered essential in order for students to understand their importance in biological systems and increasing use in industry and technology. However, research shows that the majority of students conceptualize them solely as dangerous and harmful. It has been argued that education should emphasize the importance that microorganisms have in human lives; a conceptual change to the representation of microorganisms that integrates their diversity and beneficial contributions seems an essential goal for science education. Considering the fact that science textbooks determine largely what is learned about science in the classroom, we explored Greek science textbooks in regard to the representation of microorganisms. Eight textbooks currently in use were investigated. Paragraphs mentioning microbes or microorganisms (187) were coded by both authors in mutually exclusive categories with satisfactory inter-rater agreement. Analysis of results shows that (a) in most cases microorganisms are mentioned in relation to health, and (b) the instances where microorganisms are presented in negative ways (i.e. as pathogens for humans and other organisms) are more than the instances where microorganisms are presented in positive ways (i.e. as part of the human microbiome or having a role in beneficial applications and procedures). Relevant literature and possible implications are discussed.
Energy Justice Concerns of Nuclear Power in the 2025 Energy Transition Vision of Taiwan and Net Zero Roadmap of 2050
Authors: Gao Anton Ming-Zhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnergy justice emerged as a crosscutting social science research agenda aiming to apply justice to energy policy, energy production and systems, energy consumption, energy activism, energy security, and climate change. The scope is suitable for analyzing the efforts of the Taiwan government (TG) when designing the 2025 Energy Transition and nuclear-free Vision planned since 2016 and the 2050 Net Zero Roadmap since 2021. This perspective on a nuclear-free country without any exception presents concerns related to energy justice and will be explored in this chapter.
The Power of Energy Justice for Rural Communities
Authors: Taylor Madeline 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRural communities hold a critical role in progressing the energy transformation agenda to reach net-zero emissions. Yet, to date, global energy policies have tended to focus on energy security, availability, affordability, and sustainability in urban regions. This chapter surveys rural communities, which are often in proximity to or host energy developments, as a crucial conduit in the renewed social contract paradigm. A growing scholarly and commercial consensus confirms without energy justice principles, rural community contestation and conflicts over net-zero energy developments are likely to arise. Such conflict may lead to withdrawal from the Social Licence to Operate (SLO) process and create risks and uncertainty for net-zero energy projects. It examines challenges and opportunities for energy justice in rural communities highlighting the need for rural community engagement roadmaps and a more nuanced understanding and mitigation of community-level needs to ensure a sustainable energy future.
A Pivotal Moment for Energy Community Cooperation in Chile
Authors: Stephani Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChile is undergoing the energy transition similar to many countries. However, there are key problems and in particular in the context of recognition and restorative justice. There are issues in relation to the Mapuche indigenous communities and their land in the context of clean energy development. Foreign investors need to realize the true cost of such investment which needs to be more ‘just.’ Reform in law and even potentially in the constitution would support the indigenous communities and ensure that development happens with energy justice at its core.
Energy Justice and the Social Contract Theory
Authors: de Fontenelle Louis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSociety is facing many crises, and in particular, the energy crisis is problematic given the climate change challenge. The energy sector needs a new social contract to solve these problems. The social contract is a prerequisite for a new legal and social order that includes legal organization of access, availability, and stability of energy resources, energy quality, and the type of energy used. This change, however, needs to involve citizens and ensure that they are recognized as part of the process. The role and involvement of citizens are central to the success of a new social contract.
The Quest for Cosmopolitan Justice in the Energy Transition in Caribbean Small Island Developing States
Authors: Phillips Alicia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe challenges we face now with climate change are universal and are inextricably linked to the call for cosmopolitan justice in the energy transition to renewables. The theory of cosmopolitan justice is based on the outlook that we are all citizens of the world and our moral obligations do not just halt at our borders but extend beyond. As oil-dependent Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) attempt to make the change to renewables they grapple with their umbilical dependence on the oil and gas economy. In some, it has been their sole source of revenue to fund national development and economic independence. In others, newfound discoveries of oil have occurred just as the world is weaning itself from fossil fuels, providing them with the economic-climate justice dilemma. This concept of cosmopolitan justice is therefore a two-edged sword for Caribbean SIDS. On one end, it serves as a benefit as their climate change vulnerabilities are now starkly recognised with funding being channelled into mitigation, adaptation and as we look towards COP28, loss and damage funding. In contrast, net zero emission targets and the shift to renewables prove difficult due to the sole economic dependence placed on this industry. The careful balance of abiding by their international commitments to reduce emissions and incorporating renewables into their economies is at the heart of the new social contract which is also based on future accountability.
Utilising Recognition Justice to Bridge Climate and Energy Financing Gaps in the Global South
Authors: Nakanwagi Susan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the critical issue of climate and energy financing shortfalls in the global south. It emphasises the urgent need for investment in electricity and sustainable fuels for millions of underprivileged and vulnerable communities to meet the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. It envisions that, through recognition justice, energy justice could help bridge this gap by helping realign the global financing priorities to help navigate energy financing deficits in the global south. It argues that recognition justice aims to acknowledge and rectify historical injustices in the energy transition and emphasises the need to prioritise funding for marginalised communities. The article identifies barriers to equitable energy financing, such as high up-front costs, lack of supporting legal frameworks, and state fragility. It concludes that recognition justice can play a crucial role in overcoming these obstacles, fostering a just transition to a low-carbon economy, and ensuring that the benefits of clean energy reach all sectors of society in the global south and that the energy funding needs of the disadvantaged groups are prioritised.
Energy Justice Concerns of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Amidst Energy Transition
Authors: Basil Chioma V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe history of artisanal and small-scale mining is riddled with injustices ranging from tax avoidance to land grabs, pollution, deforestation, adverse impact on local communities and destruction of the world’s carbon sinks. The benefits and adverse impacts associated with artisanal and small-scale mining are of global significance; often involving elements of technological, economic, environmental, health and safety, social, and governmental and political concerns. The exacerbated demand for metals used for low-carbon technologies as a result of climate change mitigation necessitates an intervention against the grave dangers associated with small-scale mining activities. Unfortunately, many governments do not attempt to control these activities, which are either outside their regulatory framework, or they lack the capacity to monitor or control these activities. This chapter examines the vital role of the artisanal and small-scale mining industry and the imminent relevance of energy justice application to this growing and unrecognised industry. It highlights how energy justice promotes the rights protection of artisanal and small-scale miners and communities, the redistribution of benefits, and environmental protection. Consequently, a social contract can be implemented to attain transformative change in the industry and ensure global well-being, hence, a just transition to a carbon-free economy.
The Energy Justice Imperative for Clean Energy Storage Alternatives
Authors: Zengin Zinnure Osman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter delves into energy storage options and the concept of energy justice. In the age of energy transition, energy storage plays a pivotal role as catalyst. However, conventional batteries carry environmental and social risks that are hardly recognised. This chapter adopts the energy justice lens to explore energy storage options and questions whether they are in line with energy justice principles. Drawing from contemporary research and case studies, this chapter explores opportunities and challenges associated with various energy storage technologies. Through a comparative analysis of conventional batteries with pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS), thermal energy storage (TES), and compressed air energy storage (CAES), this chapter suggests that alternative energy storage options offer more equitable solutions.
Energy Education: A Cosmopolitan Challenge to Ensure Justice in the Transition
Authors: Pepe Luigi Maria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNowadays, it is crucial to emphasize how energy education may be included among the energy justice challenges. It is only by spreading energy education among the future generations that the future society can gain the skills needed to identify and address the energy world injustices. For this purpose, an Energy Education Recovery Plan is needed across countries in order to spread the awareness and the importance of the energy justice principles.
An Energy Justice Exploration to the Revival of the Solar Thermal Energy in France
Authors: Annamayer Elodie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAt a time when the French authorities are defining the future energy and climate programme law, the question of diversifying renewable energy sources is being raised more than ever. In this context, the revitalisation of the solar thermal sector seems to be the ideal solution. The energy justice framework should provide a useful prism through which to determine the legal restructuring of this sector, which, despite many expectations, is not yet fully operational. The means by which individuals gain access to the services offered by solar thermal technologies (e.g. financial support) should then be examined. The aim would then be to avoid a perception of social injustice for the most vulnerable households. Solutions for procedural justice (access to information) and distributive justice (subsidies to households) need to be rethought and better defined. Finally, the measures taken by the French authorities over the last ten years have probably not been sufficient to make the consumer a key actor in the production of solar thermal energy.
The correspondence between rotating black holes and fundamental strings
Authors: Čeplak Nejc , Emparan Roberto , Puhm Andrea , Tomašević Marija 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The correspondence principle between strings and black holes is a general framework for matching black holes and massive states of fundamental strings at a point where their physical properties (such as mass, entropy and temperature) smoothly agree with each other. This correspondence becomes puzzling when attempting to include rotation: At large enough spins, there exist degenerate string states that seemingly cannot be matched to any black hole. Conversely, there exist black holes with arbitrarily large spins that cannot correspond to any single-string state. We discuss in detail the properties of both types of objects and find that a correspondence that resolves the puzzles is possible by adding dynamical features and non-stationary configurations to the picture. Our scheme incorporates all black hole and string phases as part of the correspondence, save for one outlier which remains enigmatic: the near-extremal Kerr black hole. Along the way, we elaborate on general aspects of the correspondence that have not been emphasized before.
A novel approach for the fractional SLS material model experimental identification
Authors: Amadori Stefano , Catania Giuseppe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA multi-step, iterative technique for the local non-parametric identification of the standard linear solid (SLS) material model employing fractional order time differential operators is presented. Test input data consists of a set of identified material complex modulus values estimated at different frequency values, obtained from input–output experimental measurements made on a material specimen by means of forced harmonic excitation and from experimental measurements made on the same specimen in quasi-static relaxation conditions. The proposed technique is mainly based on an algebraic procedure leading to the solution of an overdetermined system of linear equations, in order to get the optimal value of the model unknown parameters. The procedure is non-parametric, since the SLS model order is initially unknown. The optimal model size can be found by evaluating the stability properties of the solution associated to any model size and by automatically discarding computational, non-physical contributions. The identification procedure is first validated by means of numerically simulated test data from within known model examples, and then it is applied to some experimentally obtained test data associated to different materials.
Face detection based on a human attention guided multi-scale model
Authors: Cadoni Marinella , Lagorio Andrea , Grosso Enrico 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMultiscale models are among the cutting-edge technologies used for face detection and recognition. An example is Deformable part-based models (DPMs), which encode a face as a multiplicity of local areas (parts) at different resolution scales and their hierarchical and spatial relationship. Although these models have proven successful and incredibly efficient in practical applications, the mutual position and spatial resolution of the parts involved are arbitrarily defined by a human specialist and the final choice of the optimal scales and parts is based on heuristics. This work seeks to understand whether a multi-scale model can take inspiration from human fixations to select specific areas and spatial scales. In more detail, it shows that a multi-scale pyramid representation can be adopted to extract interesting points, and that human attention can be used to select the points at the scales that lead to the best face detection performance. Human fixations can therefore provide a valid methodological basis on which to build a multiscale model, by selecting the spatial scales and areas of interest that are most relevant to humans.
The financial burden experienced by families during NICU hospitalization and after discharge: A single center, survey-based study
Authors: Lambiase Carmine Vincenzo , Mansi Giuseppina , Salomè Serena , Conelli Maria Laura , Vendemmia Maria , Zurlo Maria Clelia , Raimondi Francesco , Capasso Letizia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To investigate a broad array of costs and perceived financial burden (FB) faced by families of NICU graduates both during hospitalization and after discharge. Cross-sectional survey-based study design. A survey measuring socio-demographics, direct non-medical costs, indirect costs, social support and perceived FB was developed. One-hundred-twenty-two pairs of parents of NICU graduates participated in the study. Most of the families (87.7%) experienced FB due to NICU hospitalization. The median cost of visiting infant during NICU admission was 615 euros (range: 42,7320). FB correlated with cost for drugs (ρ = .271, p < .05, 95%CI:[.020, .490]), dietary supplement (ρ = .385, p < .05, CI:[.010, .665]), behavioral disorders (ρ =  −.186, p < .05, 95%CI:[−.356, −.003]), language delay (ρ = .243, p < .01, CI:[−.408, −.063]) and comorbidities (ρ =  −.206, p < .05, 95% CI:[−.374, −.024]). Transportation costs due to medical visits (ρ = .415, p < .01, 95% CI:[.239, .564]) and therapy sessions (ρ = .517, p < .05, CI:[.121, .771]) correlated with higher FB. Grandparents of the infant were the most frequent source of help (86.1%). Families having infants with adverse outcome experienced more hospitalizations after NICU discharge (p < .05) and higher FB (p < .01) than families with typically developing infant. Lack of government financial help was associated with higher perceived FB (CI:[1.117,29.127], p < .05).
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that parents of NICU graduates experience high rates of FB, highlighting their sources (e.g., grandparents support) and difficulties (e.g., private therapy costs) through the lens of patient perspective. Our study promotes reflection on policies which should be adopted from the European health services that are similar to the Italian one to support NICU graduate families and reduce inequalities.

What is Known:• Families of NICU graduates face several kinds of costs during hospitalization and after discharge.

What is New:• NICU hospitalization is a multifaceted event that impact financial burden experienced by families.• NICU graduate families whose infant had adverse outcome and felt lack of financial help from local policy makers experience higher rates of financial burden.
Zur Ethik der Forschungsnutzung von Patientendaten
Authors: Schickhardt Christoph , Mehlis Katja , Winkler Eva C. , Jungkunz Martin 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Nutzung von Patientendaten aus Diagnostik und Therapie birgt Potenzial für medizinischen Fortschritt, wirft aber auch ethische Fragen mit Blick auf Patienten und Ärzte auf.

Fragestellung
Welche ethischen Herausforderungen mit Blick auf Patienten und Ärzte gibt es bei der Sekundärnutzung von Patientendaten? Was dürfen sie erwarten und was sollten sie beitragen? Welche Einstellungen haben Ärzte und Patienten hinsichtlich der Sekundärnutzung von Patientendaten?

Material und Methode
Der Artikel stellt zusammenfassend ethische und sozialwissenschaftliche Ergebnisse aus dem interdisziplinären und von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten LinCDat-Verbundprojekt vor, die mit ethisch-konzeptionellen Analysen bzw. mit quantitativen sozialempirischen Befragungen gewonnen wurden.

Ergebnisse
Patienten und Ärzte haben unter bestimmten Bedingungen die grundsätzliche moralische Pflicht, die Sekundärnutzung zu unterstützen. Befragte Patienten und Ärzte zeigten sich mit großer Mehrheit bereit, die Sekundärnutzung zu unterstützen.

Schlussfolgerung
Patientendaten sollten für die Forschung genutzt werden. Für viele ethische Aspekte (Akzeptanz der breiten Einwilligung, Zumutbarkeit, moralische Pflichten) der Sekundärnutzung von Patientendaten spielt die praktische Umsetzung (Datenschutzmaßnahmen, Governance-Rahmen, zusätzliche Aufwände) eine wichtige Rolle.
Facile synthesis: from Laminaria hyperborea to cellulose films and fibers
Authors: Dai Yanqi , Sun Dongyang , Sundaram Senthilarasu , Delbusso Angelo , O’Rourke Dominic , Dorris Mark , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInverted nozzle-pressurized gyration was used as a processing methodology for regenerating cellulose extracted from Laminaria hyperborea for the first time. The viscoelasticity of cellulose/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM OAc) solutions exhibited high concentration dependence, leading to the production of cellulose products with diverse structures. The regenerated cellulose transitioned from thin films to fibers (≈ 5 μm diameter) as the concentration was increased. The impact of collection distance and working pressure on the morphology and yield of fibers was investigated. This work provides a new sustainable route for processing biopolymers, offering significant potential for applications in biomedicine and healthcare.