bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TTT‐cure diagram of an anhydride‐cured epoxy system including gelation, vitrification, curing kinetics model, and monitoring of the glass transition temperature
Authors: Teil H. , Page S. A. , Michaud V. , Månson J.‐A. E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe curing reaction of an epoxy resin [diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)] combined with a methyl‐hexahydrophtalic anhydride (MHHPA) hardener and a benzyldimethylamine (BDMA) accelerator was studied over a temperature range of 60–140°C to build its isothermal time‐temperature‐transformation (TTT)–cure diagram. This includes gelation and vitrification measurements using rheological measurement techniques, monitoring of the glass transition temperature and the reaction kinetics by differential scanning calorimetry, and determination of the following critical glass transition temperatures: Tg0, GelTg, and Tg∞. A new curing kinetics model, based on the Sesták‐Berggren model, was developed including both chemical‐ and diffusion‐controlled stages of reaction. Then, the TTT‐cure diagram was built by numerical integration of the kinetics model, and good agreement was obtained by comparison with experimental data. Additionally, for the first time, this model takes into account the incomplete cure, which occurs when the thermosetting system is cured below its ultimate glass transition temperature, leading to a more realistic description of the cure evolution after vitrification. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1774–1787, 2004
Nonisothermal crystallization of metallocene propylene–decene‐1 copolymers
Authors: Xu Jun‐Ting , Xue Liang , Fan Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe nonisothermal crystallization behavior of one metallocene‐based isotactic polypropylene and three propylene–decene‐1 copolymers was studied. The effects of comonomer content and cooling rate were investigated. It was found that comonomer units enchained systematically reduce the crystallization temperature (Tc), melting temperature (Tm), fusion enthalpy (ΔHf), and crystallinity (Xc). Such an effect becomes more evident at a faster cooling rate. With increasing comonomer content, the supercooling required for crystallization increases and the overall crystallization rate is reduced. The Avrami equation is applicable to describe the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of propylene–decene‐1 copolymer. It was shown that, although the reduced crystallization rate constant Zc increases with comonomer content, the Avrami exponent decreases with comonomer content and cooling rate, leading to the smaller overall crystallization rate and larger crystallization half‐time of the copolymer with higher comonomer content. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1724–1730, 2004
Cocatalyst‐originated aluminum residues in fibrous, very high molar mass polyethylene
Authors: Turunen Jani P. J. , Haukka Matti , Pakkanen Tuula T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this work, fibrous very high molar mass polyethylene was prepared by Cp2TiCl2, which was supported on methylaluminoxane (MAO) pretreated mesoporous silica fiber. After the polymerization, an “ordinary” washing procedure was not sufficient to remove the aluminum residues of the cocatalyst MAO from the polymerization product. When hydrochloric acid was used in the termination of the polymerization, the aluminum existed as [Al(H2O)6]Cl3, the presence of which causes additional signals to DSC and XRD grams of the polyethylene. These signals have previously been interpreted to be attributed to the extended chain crystal structure of the polyethylene. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1812–1815, 2004
Spatial arrangement and physical characteristics of structural woody habitat in a lowland river in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Koehn John D. , Nicol Simon J. , Fairbrother Peter S. 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The importance of structural woody habitat (SWH) as instream fish habitat in eastern Australia has been well documented. In response, many native fish restoration programmes are returning SWH to rivers where it had previously been removed. However, there is little information to direct the placement of this SWH within a river landscape.
Low‐level, high‐resolution aerial photographs were used to investigate the spatial pattern of SWH in the Murray River between Lake Mulwala and Tocumwal. It was found that SWH occurred in aggregations that were closely associated with eroding banks on meanders.
The physical characteristics of the SWH in these aggregations varied (basal diameter range 0.44–2.45 m, length range 1–44 m); however, small‐ to medium‐sized trees (basal diameter range 0.7–1.4 m, length range 5–20 m) were most common.
The association between eroding banks and SWH suggests that bank erosion may be an important determinant in the formation of SWH aggregations.
Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of New 2‐[1(2H)‐Phthalazinon‐2‐yl]acetamide and 3‐[1(2H)‐Phthalazinon‐2‐yl]propanamide Derivatives as Antinociceptive and Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Dogruer Deniz S. , Kupeli Esra , Yesilada Erdem , Sahin M. Fethi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAs a consequence of our ongoing studies on heterocyclic compounds for new antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory agents bearing lactam functional group, new 2‐[1(2H)‐phthalazinon‐2‐yl]acetamide and 3‐[1(2H)‐phthalazinon‐2‐yl]propanamide derivatives have been synthesized. Among the compounds synthesized, compound 4e was found the most active derivative in terms of antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory activities, without gastric lesions and bleeding at the given dose.
[1, 2‐Bis(2, 6‐difluoro‐3‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylene‐diamine]platinum(II) Complexes, Compounds for the Endocrine Therapy of Breast Cancer ‐ Mode of Action I: Antitumor Activity Due to the Reduction of the Endogenous Estrogen Level
Authors: Schertl Sabine , Hartmann Rolf W. , Batzl‐Hartmann Christine , Bernhardt Günther , Spruß Thilo , Beckenlehner Karin , Koch Marion , Krauser Rudolf , Schlemmer Richard , Gust Ronald , Schönenberger Helmut 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAqua[meso‐1, 2‐bis(2, 6‐difluoro‐3‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine]sulfatoplatinum(II) (meso‐3‐PtSO4) and its racemate (rac‐3‐PtSO4) are highly active on the hormone‐sensitive MXT‐M‐3, 2 breast cancer of the mouse. In vitro, on the MXT+ cell culture derived from this tumor, however, they are inactive (meso‐3‐PtSO4) or moderately active (rac‐3‐PtSO4) in concentrations corresponding to levels of these drugs in animal experiments. The in vivo effect is mainly caused by a reduction of the endogenous estrogen level in the host animals due to an interference with the ovarian steroid biosynthesis as demonstrated for meso‐3‐PtSO4. Therefore, a reversal of the breast cancer inhibiting effect of meso‐3‐PtSO4 can be achieved by simultaneous estrone administration. Histological results on ovaries, uterus, and tumor of meso‐3‐PtSO4‐treated mice also favor such a mode of action. However, especially for rac‐3‐PtSO4 cytotoxic effects contributing to the anti‐breast cancer activity cannot be excluded. Considerations on the mode of action of Pt‐complexes which inhibit breast cancer by interference with estrogen receptor mediated processes of growth control and with DNA replication are presented.
New Total Synthesis of Niphatesine C and Norniphatesine C Based on a Sonogashira Reaction
Authors: Krauss Jürgen , Bracher Franz 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe pyridine alkaloid niphatesine C and its analogue norniphatesine C were prepared in a short and efficient way starting from commercially available 3‐iodopyridine and undec‐10‐yn‐1‐ol using a Sonogashira reaction as the key step. The resulting alkylpyridines were tested for antimicrobial activity against several bacteria and fungi. The cytotoxic activities were determined in the MTT assay against HL 60 cells.
Intramolecular Distribution of Hydrophobicity Influences Pharmacological Activity of Propafenone‐type MDR Modulators
Authors: Pleban Karin , Hoffer Claudia , Kopp Stephan , Peer Michael , Chiba Peter , Ecker Gerhard F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractLipophilicity is one of the major determining physicochemical descriptors for P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitory activity. Recently, Pajeva and Wiese showed that in case of P‐gp interaction, lipophilicity may be regarded as space‐directed property. In the present study, a series of propafenone‐type P‐gp inhibitors with systematically varying hydrophobicity distribution within the molecules were synthesised and pharmacologically tested. QSAR studies on the basis of multiple linear regression analysis showed that with increasing lipophilicity of the substituents on the amine moiety, the statistical significance of the indicator variables, denoting the substitution pattern on the central aromatic ring system, also increases. This indicates that the distribution of hydrophobicity within the molecules influences the mode of interaction with P‐gp.
Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and IgA rheumatoid factor predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rantapää‐Dahlqvist Solbritt , de Jong Ben A. W. , Berglin Ewa , Hallmans Göran , Wadell Göran , Stenlund Hans , Sundin Ulf , van Venrooij Walther J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and predictive value of anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies in individuals who subsequently developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to determine the relationship to rheumatoid factor (RF) of any isotype.MethodsA case–control study was nested within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study and the Maternity cohorts of Northern Sweden. Patients with RA were identified among blood donors whose samples had been taken years before the onset of symptoms. Control subjects matched for age, sex, date of sampling, and residential area were selected randomly from the same cohorts. Anti‐CCP antibody and RFs were determined using enzyme immunoassays.ResultsEighty‐three individuals with RA were identified as having donated blood before presenting with any symptoms of joint disease (median 2.5 years [interquartile range 1.1–4.7] before RA). In samples obtained before the onset of RA, the prevalence of autoantibodies was 33.7% for anti‐CCP, 16.9% for IgG‐RF, 19.3% for IgM‐RF, and 33.7% for IgA‐RF (all highly significant compared with controls). The sensitivities for detecting these autoantibodies >1.5 years and ≤1.5 years before the appearance of any RA symptoms were 25% and 52% for anti‐CCP, 15% and 30% for IgM‐RF, 12% and 27% for IgG‐RF, and 29% and 39% for IgA‐RF. In conditional logistic regression models, anti‐CCP antibody and IgA‐RF were found to be significant predictors of RA.ConclusionAnti‐CCP antibody and RFs of all isotypes predated the onset of RA by several years. The presence of anti‐CCP and IgA‐RF predicted the development of RA, with anti‐CCP antibody having the highest predictive value. This indicates that citrullination and the production of anti‐CCP and RF autoantibodies are early processes in RA.
Effectiveness of the soluble form of the interleukin‐1 receptor accessory protein as an inhibitor of interleukin‐1 in collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Smeets R. L. , van de Loo F. A. J. , Joosten L. A. B. , Arntz O. J. , Bennink M. B. , Loesberg W. A. , Dmitriev I. P. , Curiel D. T. , Martin M. U. , van den Berg W. B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the soluble form of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) receptor accessory protein (sIL‐1RAcP), whose physiologic function remains to be established, can serve as a specific inhibitor of IL‐1 signaling in vitro, and to evaluate its applicability in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsSoluble IL‐1RAcP was cloned from murine liver complementary DNA and expressed by the use of either an adenoviral vector (AdRGD) for sIL‐1RAcP or a stable‐transfected NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line. The ability of affinity‐purified sIL‐1RAcP to inhibit IL‐1 signaling was tested on NF‐κB luciferase reporter fibroblasts and quantified by luminometer. To investigate therapeutic efficacy, sIL‐1RAcP was both locally (knee joint) and systemically overexpressed in collagen‐immunized male DBA/1 mice. Severity of arthritis was monitored visually, and the pathologic process in the joint was examined histologically. Serum was obtained from mice to quantify IL‐6 and anti–bovine type II collagen (BCII) antibody levels.ResultsIncubation of the NF‐κB reporter fibroblast with purified sIL‐1RAcP protein showed a marked reduction of IL‐1–induced, but not tumor necrosis factor–induced, NF‐κB activation. This showed a novel role for sIL‐1RAcP as a specific inhibitor of IL‐1 signaling. Local transplantation of sIL‐1RAcP–producing NIH3T3 fibroblasts into the knee before onset of CIA had little or no effect on general disease severity in these mice. Histologic evaluation of the knee joints receiving sIL‐1RAcP cell transplantation showed a marked reduction in both joint inflammation and bone and cartilage erosion. Local treatment with sIL‐1RAcP had no profound effect on serum levels of IL‐6 and anti‐BCII antibodies, which is indicative of the ongoing presence of arthritis in distal joints. In contrast to local treatment, systemic treatment with the AdRGD for sIL‐1RAcP markedly ameliorated CIA in all joints.ConclusionIn this study we demonstrated that sIL‐1RAcP is a biologically active and innovative inhibitor of IL‐1, and treatment of mice with sIL‐1RAcP had a profound prophylactic effect on collagen‐induced arthritis.
Temperament and stress response in children with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Conte Paola M. , Walco Gary A. , Kimura Yukiko 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine temperament, stress response, child psychological adjustment, family environment, pain sensitivity, and stress response differences between children and adolescents with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFMS), children with arthritis, and healthy controls. Parental psychological adjustment was also measured.MethodsSubjects included 16 children with JPFMS, 16 children with arthritis, and 16 healthy controls. Participants completed the Dimensions of Temperament Survey‐Revised (DOTS‐R), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Children's Depression Inventory, Family Environment Scale (FES), Sensitivity Temperament Inventory for Pain (STIP), and Youth Self‐Report. Responsiveness to an acute stressor was assessed by measuring salivary cortisol levels before and after venipuncture. Parents were asked to complete the parent versions of the DOTS‐R, FES, STIP, Child Behavior Checklist, and Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised.ResultsChildren and adolescents with JPFMS demonstrated more temperamental instability, increased levels of depression and anxiety, less family cohesion, and higher pain sensitivity compared with the other 2 groups. Parents of children with JPFMS, in rating themselves, also reported higher levels of anxiety and depression, and lower overall psychological adjustment compared with parents of children in the other groups.ConclusionThese results suggest that a psychobiologic perspective may contribute to an increased understanding of JPFMS in children and adolescents, facilitating an approach to investigating the interaction of factors that appear to place a child at risk for development of a pain syndrome. Because temperamental instability, sensitivity to pain, vulnerability to stress, psychological adjustment, family context, and parental psychopathology are individual risk factors, the interaction of these factors may explain the breadth of symptoms associated with this pain syndrome, as well as its severity.
Accelerated, aging‐dependent development of osteoarthritis in α1 integrin–deficient mice
Authors: Zemmyo Michihisa , Meharra E. John , Kühn Klaus , Creighton‐Achermann Lilo , Lotz Martin 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveCell–matrix interactions regulate chondrocyte differentiation and survival. The α1β1 integrin is a major collagen receptor that is expressed on chondrocytes. Mice with targeted inactivation of the integrin α1 gene (α1‐KO mice) provide a model that can be used to address the role of cell–matrix interactions in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis.MethodsKnee joints from α1‐KO and wild‐type (WT) BALB/c mice were harvested at ages 4–15 months. Knee joint sections were examined for inflammation, cartilage degradation, and loss of glycosaminoglycans (by Safranin O staining). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the distribution of α1 integrin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and chondrocyte apoptosis.ResultsIn WT mice, the α1 integrin subunit was detected in hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate and in a subpopulation of cells in the deep zone of articular cartilage. There was a marked increase in α1‐positive chondrocytes in the superficial and upper mid‐zones in OA‐affected areas in joints from old WT mice. The α1‐KO mice showed more severe cartilage degradation, glycosaminoglycan depletion, and synovial hyperplasia as compared with the WT mice. MMP‐2 and MMP‐3 expression was increased in the OA‐affected areas. In cartilage from α1‐KO mice, the cellularity was reduced and the frequency of apoptotic cells was increased. These results suggest that the α1 integrin subunit is involved in the early remodeling process in OA cartilage.ConclusionDeficiency in the α1 integrin subunit is associated with an earlier deregulation of cartilage homeostasis and an accelerated, aging‐dependent development of OA.
Periarticular lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging: Prevalence in knees with and without symptoms
Authors: Hill Catherine L. , Gale Daniel R. , Chaisson Christine E. , Skinner Katherine , Kazis Lewis , Gale M. Elon , Felson David T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the prevalence of periarticular lesions in older persons with or without knee pain, and to assess the association of these lesions with knee pain.MethodsSubjects ages 45 years and older, with or without knee pain, were recruited from Veterans Affairs medical centers and from the community. Weight‐bearing posteroanterior, skyline, and lateral radiographs were obtained in all subjects. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: those with radiographic OA (ROA) and knee pain (n = 376), those with ROA and no knee pain (n = 51), and those with neither ROA nor knee pain (n = 24). A single knee (the more symptomatic one in subjects with knee pain) was imaged with a 1.5T scanner using T1‐ and T2‐weighted and proton‐density spin‐echo imaging sequences. MRIs were read for the presence of periarticular lesions, which were categorized (according to their general location) as being either peripatellar (prepatellar, superficial infrapatellar, deep infrapatellar) or “other periarticular lesions” (semimembranosus–tibial collateral ligament bursitis, anserine bursitis, iliotibial band syndrome, tibiofibular cyst).ResultsPatients with knee pain had more severe radiographic disease than did subjects who were asymptomatic. Peripatellar lesions (prepatellar or superficial infrapatellar) were present in 12.1% of the patients with knee pain and ROA, in 20.5% of the patients with ROA and no knee pain, and in 0% of subjects with neither ROA nor knee pain (P = 0.116). However, other periarticular lesions were present in 14.9% of patients with both ROA and knee pain, in only 3.9% of patients with ROA but no knee pain, and in 0% of the group with no knee pain and no ROA (P = 0.004).ConclusionAlthough peripatellar lesions are equally common among subjects with knee pain and those without knee pain, other periarticular lesions (including bursitis and iliotibial band syndrome) are significantly more common among subjects with knee pain and may contribute to pain in these individuals.
Dependence on interferon‐γ for the spontaneous occurrence of arthritis in DBA/1 mice
Authors: Matthys Patrick , Lories Rik J. , Bert De Klerck  , Heremans Hubertine , Luyten Frank P. , Billiau Alfons 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveMale DBA/1 mice are known to spontaneously develop arthritis in the hind legs. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of endogenous interferon‐γ (IFNγ) in the pathogenesis of this ankylosing enthesopathy.MethodsThe role of IFNγ was studied by examining the development of arthritis in IFNγ receptor–knockout (IFNγR‐KO) DBA/1 mice as compared with wild‐type mice, and by treatment of wild‐type mice with monoclonal anti‐IFNγ antibody. IFNγ‐disrupted and wild‐type mice were mixed and housed in the same cage, and clinical symptoms of arthritis were assessed weekly for at least 9 weeks. Histologic examination was performed at the end of the experiment.ResultsIn DBA/1 wild‐type mice, 70% of the animals developed clinical symptoms of spontaneous arthritis, such as redness and swelling of the proximal interphalangeal joints, toe stiffness, and ankylosis. As evident from microscopic evaluation, the arthritis was mainly characterized by formation of new cartilage and bone, originating at the entheses and leading to ankylosis. The incidence and severity of arthritis, both clinically and histologically, were significantly reduced in IFNγR‐KO mice. In wild‐type mice, neutralizing anti‐IFNγ antibody inhibited the occurrence of the disease for the duration of treatment.ConclusionThe results suggest that endogenous IFNγ plays an important role in the initial stages of spontaneous arthritis, and that the inflammatory components in its pathogenesis are more prominent than has been believed. In view of the similarity between this disease and spondylarthropathies in humans, the data suggest that endogenous IFNγ may also play a disease‐promoting role in the human condition and thus may serve as a target for therapy.
Urinary type II collagen neoepitope as an outcome measure for relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Kraus Virginia B. , Stabler Thomas , Le Elizabeth T. , Saltarelli Mary , Allen Nancy B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHerein we describe the case of a man who was diagnosed as having relapsing polychondritis (RP) when he was 18 years of age and was treated over the course of 2 years with numerous immunosuppressive agents, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors. His respiratory symptoms were refractory to treatment. Serum and urine samples were obtained periodically for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, anti–type II collagen (anti‐CII) antibodies, and urinary type II collagen neoepitope (uTIINE) levels. The uTIINE assay is specific for collagenase cleavage products CII present in urine. ESRs and CRP levels varied widely but were rarely normal. Anti‐CII antibody titers were high initially and decreased slowly and steadily for a year following the start of immunosuppressive medication, remaining low throughout the remainder of the patient's monitored disease course. The uTIINE levels were elevated prior to the initiation of TNFα inhibitors. Upon initiation of etanercept, they decreased abruptly to normal and stayed nearly normal. The uTIINE levels rose abruptly again upon discontinuation of TNFα inhibitor treatment. The dramatic decline in CII degradation, coincident with the administration of the TNFα inhibitors, suggested that this treatment dramatically reduced the chondritis. Serum levels of Th1 cytokines (interferon‐γ, interleukin‐12 [IL‐12], and IL‐2) paralleled changes in uTIINE levels, while those of Th2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, and IL‐10) showed little or no association with disease state or uTIINE levels. These results indicate that RP might be a Th1‐mediated disease process. Moreover, the uTIINE assay appears to provide an objective measure of the severity of chondritis that could assist clinical decisions regarding adjustments of steroid and other immunosuppressive therapy. This outcome measure merits investigation in a broader spectrum of RP patients.