bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Double‐blind, Randomized Trial of Midazolam versus Haloperidol versus Lorazepam in the Chemical Restraint of Violent and Severely Agitated Patients
Authors: Nobay Flavia , Simon Barry C. , Levitt M. Andrew , Dresden Graham M. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Objectives: To determine if midazolam is superior to lorazepam or haloperidol in the management of violent and severely agitated patients in the emergency department. Superiority would be determined if midazolam resulted in a significantly shorter time to sedation and shorter time to arousal. Methods: This was a randomized, prospective, double‐blind study of a convenience sample of patients from an urban, county teaching emergency department. Participants included 111 violent and severely agitated patients. Patients were randomized to receive intramuscular midazolam (5 mg), lorazepam (2 mg), or haloperidol (5 mg). Results: The mean (±SD) age was 40.7 (±13) years. The mean (±SD) time to sedation was 18.3 (±14) minutes for patients receiving midazolam, 28.3 (±25) minutes for haloperidol, and 32.2 (±20) minutes for lorazepam. Midazolam had a significantly shorter time to sedation than lorazepam and haloperidol (p < 0.05). The mean difference between midazolam and lorazepam was 13.0 minutes (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 5.1 to 22.8 minutes) and that between midazolam and haloperidol was 9.9 minutes (95% CI = 0.5 to 19.3 minutes). Time to arousal was 81.9 minutes for patients receiving midazolam, 126.5 minutes for haloperidol, and 217.2 minutes for lorazepam. Time to arousal for midazolam was significantly shorter than for both haloperidol and lorazepam (p < 0.05). The mean difference in time to awakening between midazolam and lorazepam was 135.3 minutes (95% CI = 89 to 182 minutes) and that between midazolam and haloperidol was 44.6 minutes (95% CI = 9 to 80 minutes). There was no significant difference over time by repeated‐measures analysis of variance between groups in regard to changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.8965, p = 0.9581), heart rate (p = 0.5517), respiratory rate (p = 0.8191), and oxygen saturation (p = 0.8991). Conclusions: Midazolam has a significantly shorter time to onset of sedation and a more rapid time to arousal than lorazepam or haloperidol. The efficacies of all three drugs appear to be similar.
Emergency Department Visits for Home Medical Device Failure during the 2003 North America Blackout
Authors: Greenwald Peter W. , Rutherford Anne F. , Green Robert A. , Giglio James 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Objectives: During a widespread North American blackout in August 2003, the authors identified a cluster of patients presenting to their northern Manhattan emergency department (ED) with complaints related to medical device failure. The characteristics of this group with respect to presenting complaint, type of device failure, time spent in the ED, and disposition are described in an effort to better understand the resource needs of this population. Methods:This was a retrospective chart review for all patients evaluated in an urban teaching ED during a 24‐hour period spanning the duration of regional power failure. Charts for patients presenting with medical device failure as part of their triage complaint were abstracted. Results: Twenty‐three of 255 patients coming to the ED during the 24‐hour period presented with medical device failure. Nineteen of the device failures were due to nonfunctioning oxygen conservers, three to ventilator failure, and two to airway suction device failure (one patient had two devices fail). Thirteen of these patients were admitted to the hospital and accounted for 22% of all admissions during the study interval. Discharged patients spent a mean of 15.1 hours (range: 3.8–24.4 hours) in the ED. Conclusions: Patients using electrical medical devices seek care in the ED when power failure occurs, and they require significant ED and hospital resources. Effective disaster planning should anticipate the needs of this population.
Derivation of Clinical Prediction Rules to Identify Children with Fractures after Twisting Injuries of the Ankle
Authors: Dayan Peter S. , Vitale Michael , Langsam Daniel J. , Ruzal‐Shapiro Carrie , Novick Michael K. , Kuppermann Nathan , Miller Steven Z. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Objective: The authors sought to derive maximally sensitive prediction rules for identifying children with significant fractures after acute twisting injuries to the ankle. Methods: The authors prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of patients younger than 18 years of age who presented to the pediatric emergency department of an urban, tertiary care center after sustaining acute twisting injuries of the ankle. The ankle was defined in two regions: the malleolar zone and the midfoot zone. Clinical findings were documented on standardized data collection sheets by faculty physicians before completion of ankle and/or foot radiograph series. Significant fracture was defined a priori as any fracture other than an avulsion ≤3 mm. The authors conducted binary recursive partitioning with cross‐validation to develop models to predict fracture. Results: Data from 717 enrolled patients with a median age of 12.9 years were analyzed. Significant malleolar zone and midfoot zone fractures were diagnosed in 81 of 682 (11.9%) and 10 of 173 (5.8%) patients for whom ankle and foot radiographs were obtained. Recursive partitioning identified patients at low risk for malleolar zone fracture if 1) they had no bone tenderness at either malleolus or the region just proximal to the fibula malleolus or 2) they had bone tenderness at either malleolus but were able to walk four steps in the emergency department and had no swelling at either malleolus. The two‐part malleolar zone rule had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 19.1% on the learning data and 95.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 87.8% to 98.6%) and 20.0% (95% CI = 16.8% to 23.4%) on the test data. Tenderness either at the proximal fifth metatarsal or cuboid identified midfoot zone fractures with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 31.9% on the learning data and 90.0% (95% CI = 55.4% to 99.7%) and 35.0% (95% CI = 27.7% to 42.8%) on the test sample. Conclusions: A set of sensitive prediction rules was developed to identify children with significant fractures after twisting injuries to the ankle. External validation and refinement of the rules will be needed before recommendation of widespread use.
Financing of Emergency Medicine Graduate Medical Education Programs in an Era of Declining Medicare Reimbursement and Support
Authors: Baumann Michael R. , Vadeboncoeur Tyler F. , Schafermeyer Robert W. ,   on behalf of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine National Affairs Committee
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn May 2004, the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) National Affairs Committee was tasked with evaluation of graduate medical education (GME) funding in the face of declining Medicare reimbursement and support, and its implications for emergency medicine. This article was developed to educate the SAEM membership on the current status and climate of funding for GME and to serve as the basis of a position statement from SAEM on this topic. The paper presents the history and background on GME financing followed by currently known changes from the recently signed Medicare Act of 2003.
Photoswitching of a Vectorial Electron Transfer Reaction at a Diarylethene Modified Electrode
Authors: Nakashima Naotoshi , Nakanishi Takashi , Nakatani Akihiro , Deguchi Yonekazu , Murakami Hiroto , Sagara Takamasa , Irie Masahiro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
We describe here the construction of a diarylethene modified electrode system in which the photoswitchable vectorial electron-transfer from the electroactive diarylethene on the electrode to hexacyanoferrate(III) in solution is possible.
Rearrangements of Tricyclo[5.3.1.0]undecatrienyl Anion; Chemical Evidence Supporting Cyclopropane Ring Circumambulation of Anionic Species
Authors: Oda Mitsunori , Masaki Yoshimi , Okazaki Yoshimi , Kajioka Takanori , Izawa Mayumi , Miyatake Ryuta , Kuroda Shigeyasu , Scott Lawrence T 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The tricyclic anion 5, generated from the corresponding hydrocarbon 3 with n-BuLi, undergoes the circumambulatory rearrangement at −78 °C to afford the anion 6, which stereoselectively reacts with deuterium oxide at low temperature and undergoes further rearrangements to the stable cyclopentadienyl anion derivative 9 at elevated temperature.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activity of Two Different Nickel(II) Complexes Derived from N′-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]morpholine-4-carbothiohydrazide
Authors: Kasuga Noriko Chikaraishi , Ohashi Atsushi , Koumo Chisa , Uesugi Jun , Oda Munehiro , Nomiya Kenji 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The reaction of Ni(OAc)2 with N′-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]morpholine-4-carbothiohydrazide (HL) afforded two nickel(II) complexes, [Ni(L)2] (1) and [Ni(L)(OAc)] (2), depending on reaction temperature and starting molar ratio; the former was a 6-coordinate, paramagnetic complex and the latter a 4-coordinate, diamagnetic complex. X-ray analysis of the complex 2 revealed that the ligands, L and OAc, were coordinated to the central metal ion to form a square-planar geometry. The complex 2 showed enhanced antimicrobial activities against selected Gram-positive bacteria, compared with those of the ligand alone, whereas the other complex 1 showed no activity.
Reduction of Aryl Mesylates Catalyzed by Nickel Complexes
Authors: Sasaki Ken , Kubo Tatsuya , Sakai Mutsuji , Kuroda Yasuhisa 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Aryl mesylates were found to be deoxygenatively reduced into the corresponding aromatic hydrocarbons by using nickel(0)-dppb/PPh3 catalyst with zinc powder and an alcohol as a hydrogen donor.
Anisotropy of Electrical Polarizability of a DNA Fragment
Authors: Washizu Hitoshi , Kikuchi Kazuo 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Metropolis Monte Carlo Brownian dynamics simulations are performed on model DNA solutions. It is shown that the induced dipole moment responsible for the orientation of a DNA fragment in an applied electric field may have its origin in the displacement of Manning’s condensed counterions along DNA rod axis.
Electrochromic Polymer Derived from Oxidized Tetrakis(2-hydroxyphenoxy)Phthalocyaninatocobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Horai Takashi , Hanabusa Kenji , Shirai Hirofusa 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Tetrakis(2-hydroxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninatocobalt(II) complex 3 is synthesized and electrochemically polymerized to give polyphenyleneoxide films containing Co(II) phthalocyanine which exhibit an electrochromic behavior.
A Novel Reverse Micellar System Composed of Bis(octylethylenediamine)zinc(II) Chloride in Aqueous Benzene and Chloroform Solutions
Authors: Iida Masayasu , Yonezawa Akira , Tanaka Junko 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
We prepared Zn(octylethylenediamine(= oct-en))2Cl2 and found that its solubilities to benzene and chloroform are appreciably enhanced with an addition of water. This solubilizaiton can be attributed to the formation of reverse micelles. Vapor pressure osmometry(VPO) showed appreciable aggregations in benzene solutions, and 13C and 2H NMR relaxations for the zinc complex and water molecules, respectively, suggest their extensive motional restrictions in benzene and chloroform solutions by the aggregations.
New BETS Salt with Iodomercurate Anion: (BETS)4Hg3I8
Authors: Bogdanova O A , Gritsenko V V , Dyachenko O A , Zhilyaeva E I , Kobayashi Akiko , Kobayashi Hayao , Lyubovskaya R N , Lyubovskii R B , Shilov G V 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Two phases of new BETS salt of (BETS)4Hg3I8 are synthesized. X-ray analysis of θ-phase revealed a strong interstack interaction in organic layers and the occurrence of infinite chains of iodomercurate anions.
Synthesis of Ti-beta Zeolite with High Oxidation Activity by a Dry-gel Conversion Technique
Authors: Tatsumi Takashi , Xia Qinghua , Jappar Nizamidin 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A new method of synthesizing zeolite Ti-beta has been developed based on a dry-gel conversion technique. The obtained Ti-beta samples exhibited high activity for oxidation of cyclohexene with H2O2, irrespective of the presence of sodium.
Coprecipitation of Trace Metal Ions with Scandium Hydroxide for Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Ueda Joichi , Minami Tomoharu 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Scandium hydroxide is a useful coprecipitant for the preconcentration of copper, tin(IV), lead, antimony(III), bismuth(III), cadmium, chromium(III), cobalt, and nickel on the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The determination of trace amount of copper in water was demonstrated.
Infrared Spectra of Water Isotopes(H2O, HDO, and D2O Molecules) in Hydrophobic Poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Kusanagi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
FTIR spectra of water isotopes H2O, HDO, and D2O in hydrophobic polymer solid have been first observed on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), although the similar spectra had been measured in solid nitrogen and other inactive-gas solids by the matrix-isolation method. The spectra of H2O and D2O reveal that water molecules exist as a monomeric species in PVDF and does not take dimer or cluster structures. This restricted isolated water state in PVDF originates from the rather strong intermolecular interaction between the water molecules and the hydrophobic polymer.
Preparation of Tetraphenylazulenequinodimethanes from the Reactions of Azulenequinones with Diphenylketene and the 1H NMR and UV-vis Spectral Studies in Acidic Media
Authors: Mori Akira , Yan Yong Zhe , Takeshita Hitoshi , Nozoe the late Tetsuo 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
3-Bromo-1,5-azulenequinone and 3-bromo-1,7-azulenequinone reacted with diphenylketene to give the corresponding tetraphenylazulenequinodimethane, which has both diphenylfulvene and diphenylheptafulvene structures. The protonation occurred at the diphenylmethylene group on the seven-membered ring to form a cycloheptatrienylium ion.
Sonochemical, Aerobic Conversion of Alkyl Halides into Alcohols Promoted by Trialkyltin Halide/NaBH3CN Catalytic System
Authors: Sawamura Masaya , Kawaguchi Yasuhide , Sato Kenichi , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Under sonochemical conditions, various alkyl halides were converted into the corresponding alcohols in high yields through an aerobic radical reaction promoted by trialkyltin halide/NaBH3CN catalytic system.
DNA Binding and Cleaving Activity of Antitumor Metal Complex: Sodium trans-dinitrobis(2,4-pentanedionato)cobalt(III)
Authors: Tamura Hiroshi , Fujita Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The antitumor metal complex, sodium trans-dinitrobis(2,4-pentanedionato)cobalt(III) bound to adenine rich regions of DNA helix and caused single strand scission under the irradiation of light.
Detection of Morphine in ppb Range by Using SPR (Surface- Plasmon-Resonance) Immunosensor
Authors: Miura Norio , Ogata Kyoko , Sakai Go , Uda Taizo , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Highly sensitive detection of morphine (MO) in ppb range was realized by using an immunosensor based on surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) phenomena. The addition of MO into the antibody solution was found to reduce the incident angle shift of the SPR sensor system sharply because of the inhibition effect of MO. Based on this inhibiting principle, the present sensor could detect MO very sensitively in the concentration range of 0.1 - 10 ng/cm3 (ppb).
The Role of α-Chymotrypsin Active Site in the Proton Dissociation of Aromatic Sulfonium-Salt Pendants Attached to the Methionine-192 Residue
Authors: Sakurai Tadamitsu , Fujita Kiyoshi , Takahashi Naoki , Kubo Kanji , Inoue Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Hammett and 13C NMR analyses of proton-dissociation processes for sulfonium-salt pendants on α-chymotrypsin which had been modified by 2-bromoacetophenone and its derivatives (as well as for their corresponding model sulfonium salts) show that a hydrophobic environment around the pendants destabilizes the sulfonium-salt form so as to substantially promote its proton-dissociation reaction. This produces a sulfonium ylide with a keto structure.
Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on the Stability of Thiol Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) on Gold
Authors: Zhang Haoli , Xia He , Li Hulin , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The electrochemical stability of SAMs prepared from dodecanethiol (1), (N-2′-mercaptoethyl)-amino)octaneamide (2) and ((N-(2′-mercaptoethyl)-amino)carbonyl)azobenzene (3) in ethanol was studied. The results reveal that introducing hydrogen bonds into SAMs could effectively increase their stability in electrical environment. The presence of large rigid aromatic group in the film may, however, cause a decrease of stability.
Novel Microstructures of Self-Assembled Microcrystallites of (NH4)3PW12O40 and Cs3PW12O40
Authors: Ito Takeru , Song In-Kyu , Inumaru Kei , Misono Makoto 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Three different microstructures of self-assembled microcrystallites (or of aggregates) of heteropoly compounds, (NH4)3PW12O40 and Cs3PW12O40, have been found: (1) microcrystallites that self-assembled with unidirectional orientation and were epitaxially connected with each other to form dodecahedra, (2) microcrystallites that self-assembled with unidirectional orientation, but were little connected epitaxially each other to form round aggregates, and (3) dispersed fine particles. This variation of the microstructure was consistently explained by the change in the solubility of the compounds, that is, the precipitation temperature and the kind of cation.
Femtosecond Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy on Some Standard TiO2 Powder Calalysts
Authors: Furube Akihiro , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Masuhara Hiroshi , Yamashita Hiromi , Anpo Masakazu 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Transient diffuse reflectance spectroscopic analysis using a femtosecond white-light continuum as a probe pulse was applied to commercially available catalysts of TiO2 powder; ”standard TiO2 catalysts” (JRC-TIO-2 and -4) supplied by the Catalysis Society of Japan. The ultrafast dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers under vacuum and air conditions was compared and discussed.
An Efficient and General Entry to (Z)-α-Fluoro-β-substituted Acrylaldehydes Based on the Coupling Reaction of α-Fluoro-β-amino Acrylaldehydes with Organolithium Reagents
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Kurita Takao , Matsui Masaki , Shibata Katsuyoshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
α-Fluoro-β-amino acrylaldehydes (2), readily available from the reaction of polyfluoroalkenyl tosylates (1) with dialkylamines in the presence of triethylamine and a catalytic amount (10 mol%) of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF), reacted smoothly with various organolithium reagents at −78 °C for 0.5 h, followed by hydrolysis with 10% hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 1 h to afford the corresponding (Z)-α-fluoro-β-substituted acrylaldehydes (3) via allylic rearrangement in good to excellent yields.
Ferromagnetic Dimer of π-Conjugated Organic Free Radicals 9,9-Bis(p-tolyl)-9,10-dihydroacridin-10-yloxyl
Authors: Imachi Ron , Ishida Takayuki , Suzuki Motohiro , Yasui Masanori , Iwasaki Fujiko , Nogami Takashi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The magnetic property of the title radical crystals was analyzed by the Bleaney-Bowers equation with J/kB = +8.85 K, which is consistent with the dimetic molecular arrangement with “pseudo-ortho” stacking determined by crystallographic analysis. The inter-dimer interaction was antiferromagnetic.
The Effect of Packing Density on the Electron-Transfer Kinetics of an Azobenzenethiol Monolayer on Gold
Authors: Shao Hui-Bo , Yu Hua-Zhong , Zhao Jian-Wei , Zhang Hao-Li , Liu Zhong-Fan 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The effect of molecular packing density on the electron transfer kinetics in an azobenzene self-assembled monolayer on gold was investigated for the first time by controlling the assembling time. The apparent electron transfer rate constant (kS) showed a gradual decrease with increasing the molecular packing density, which can be well understood in terms of a structural inhibition occurred in the closely packed monolayer on the reduction/oxidation of azobenzene.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Oxidation Activity by Surface-Modified CdS Nanoparticles of High Photostability
Authors: Han M Y , Gan L M , Huang W , Chew C H , Zou B S 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
High photostable CdS nanoparticles modified with alkyl group were prepared by an improved microemulsion technique using hexanethiol (RSH) as co-surfactant. The surface-modified CdS nanoparticles (R-CdS) catalyzed the photooxidation of 4-chlorophenol via continuous bubbling oxygen under UV light. The photocatalytic oxidation activity of R-CdS nanoparticles was enhanced due to the high photostability generated by heat-treatment.
Continuous Spectroscopic and Redox Tuning of Dinuclear Compounds: Chlorotetrakis(μ-N,N′-diarylformamidinato)diruthenium(II,III)
Authors: Lin Chun , Ren Tong , Valente Edward J , Zubkowski Jeffrey D , Smith Eugene T 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The color of the Ru2(μ-N,N′-diarylformamidinato)4Cl series displays a dramatic red-shift as the electron-withdrawing power of aryl-substituent is increased.
Observation of Three Bands in Fluorescence Spectra of Asymmetric Diamines Having Primary and Tertiary Amino Groups
Authors: Yamamoto Shunzo , Habara Hidemasa 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Broad and asymmetric emission spectra were observed with some saturated diamines which have a primary and a tertiary amino group in cyclohexane. These spectra were resolved into three component bands. The shortest and longest wavelength bands were assigned to an excited tertiary amino group moiety and an exciplex formed between the excited tertiary and the ground-state primary amino groups. The middle band was observed for the first time, and its assignment has been discussed.
Nitric Oxide Synthesis Capabilities of Cytochrome P450 1A2 and NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase from N
G-Hydroxy-l-Arginine
Authors: Sano Hiroaki , Sato Hideaki , Sagami Ikuko , Shimizu Toru 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
NO was formed from NG-hydroxy-l-arginine by cytochrome P450 1A2 (P450 1A2) with turnover numbers of 0.6 - 1.2 nmol/nmolP450/min and 62 pmol/nmolP450/min in peroxide-supported shunt and reconstituted systems, respectively. A Glu318Ala mutation of P450 1A2 enhanced the shunt-reaction activity up to 7.3-fold, whereas the mutation abolished the activity with the reconstituted system. Involvement of H2O2 or superoxide anion in the NO synthesis is also suggested.
1,2-Bis(dimethylphenylsilyl)tetrafluoroethane. Application to the Trifluorovinylation and Tetrafluoroethylenation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Hagiwara Toshiki , Fuchikami Takamasa 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The reaction of 1,2-bis(dimethylphenylsilyl)tetrafluoroethane with a small excess of benzaldehyde in the presence of the promoter gave the trifluorovinylated product, 1,1,2-trifluoro-3-phenylpropen-3-ol, selectively. The tetrafluoroethylenated product, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-diphenylbutane-1,4-diol, was also obtained in benzaldehyde solvent or at low temperatures.
Coadsorption of Cationic Dyes with Surfactants on Colloidal TiO2 Particles to Achieve Photosensitization in Highly Acidic Media
Authors: Zang Ling , Qu Ping , Zhao Jincai , Shen Tao , Hidaka Hisao 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Absorption and emission characteristics of rhodamine B (RB) were investigated in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) at pH 0.9 in the absence and presence of colloidal TiO2. From the spectral changes one can obtain detailed information about the interaction between RB, DBS and TiO2. No adsorption of RB onto the surface of TiO2 occurred at the quite low pH due to the strong electrostatic repulsion between RB molecules and the positively charged TiO2 particles. Addition of DBS was found to be capable of improving the coadsorption of RB onto the surface of TiO2 particles, and thus realizing and efficient charge injection from the excited state of RB into the conduction band of TiO2.