bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosurfactants—An Overview
Authors: Bisht Kiran , Tyagi Uma , Bajpai Tripathy Divya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe large structural and functional variety of bio‐surfactants (BS), which are produced by microorganisms, leads to the use of several methods to study these amphiphilic molecules. This review seeks to consolidate information on various surface‐active product extraction techniques, microbiological screening methodologies, and analytical terminologies utilized in this sector. The potential benefits and drawbacks of various approaches for studying cell biomass or microbial culture broth for the generation of surface‐reactive chemicals are also discussed. Additionally, the most popular techniques for detection, structural characterization, and purification of a variety of BS are introduced. A number of straightforward techniques are described in detail, including dialysis, ion exchange, solvent extraction, ultrafiltration, lyophilization, and thin layer chromatography (TLC). In addition to more sophisticated techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB‐MS), gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS), high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and infrared (IR), proteolysis and sequencing of amino acid are also explained. In this field of study, it is quite necessary to combine several analytical techniques, and it often takes multiple iterations to purify, isolate, and characterize different surface‐active substances. The numerous approaches that are essential for researching bio‐surfactants are covered in this review.
Self‐Healing Molecular Biology for Microbial Concrete: A Review
Authors: Zanjad Nilesh , Pawar Shantanu , Nayak Chittaranjan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe most extensively utilized material in construction is concrete, decreasing life of structure pointing toward loses in structural health. The crack is the major problem faced in the concrete construction. This causes the corrosion in the steel reinforcement. The structure gets deteriorated with the developing cracks; therefore need the proper attention toward this problem. The present work consists of the different self‐healing techniques used by the researchers to inhibit the crack and prevent further deterioration in the structure. The self‐healing mechanism proves advantageous in use of natural fibers to inhibit the corrosion process, to increase compressive strength, and to decrease water absorption is present in this study. The maximum strength increased and the width of crack get healed with the help of these techniques is also mentioned in the study.
Monitoring and Accelerating Methods of Corrosion for Reinforced Concrete: A Review
Authors: Nayak Chittaranjan , Disale Anil , Suryawanshi Nagesh , Jadhav Nitin , Jagdale Umesh , Bhoite Gauri , Thakare Sunil , Pandey Shri Prakash 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCorrosion is the irreversible, interfacial reaction of metals in the presence of an electrochemical environment which ultimately results in the deterioration of metals. Corrosion of reinforcement is the major problem in the reinforced concrete (RC) structure. Corrosion of reinforcement is a slow process because of the protective layer of concrete. Even in a severely corrosive environment corrosion process takes time to be initiated and propagated. Since to carry out research work, some techniques are required to accelerate the corrosion process in the shortest period. To overcome this problem, in the past, many researchers use a different method to accelerate the corrosion of steel in concrete. In this paper, a review is presented of various techniques used for accelerated corrosion testing. The suitability of reviewed methods on corrosion acceleration for several research works is presented. After that few case studies review to make use of various predicted empirical models and an experimental technique for predicting corrosion rate and the assessment of the remaining life of the structure. And finally, the paper is concluded by comparing the natural method of corrosion and the accelerated method of corrosion and the future scope of accelerated corrosion.
Experimental Investigations on Highly Conducting Solid Bio‐Polymer Electrolytes Based on Latex of Calotropis gigantea Plant
Authors: Taneja Neha , Bocchetta Patrizia , Kumar Ashwani , Gupta Pallavi , Gupta Meenal , Singh Pushpa , Beniwal Bharti , Agrawal Namrata , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study has prepared highly conducting polymer electrolyte films using solution cast technique with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) PVDF‐HFP, mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC) as plasticizer and latex of Calotropis gigantea (CGL) as an ionic source. In this study, four films are prepared using PVDF‐HFP:CGL in ratio 1:1 with the increasing concentration of EC+PC as 1, 2, 3, and 4 M named as 1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:1:3, 1:1:4. The prepared polymer electrolyte is examined by polarized optical microscopy (POM), elemental dispersive X‐ray technique (EDX), and complex impedance spectroscopy. EDX and POM are studied for the surface morphology of all prepared samples and to investigate the porous nature of films. The enhancement in ionic conductivity occurs due to CGL and increasing amount of EC‐PC. Conductivity of highest composition (1:1:4) polymer electrolyte film is found to be ≈10−3 S cm−1. The optimized polymer electrolyte film is considered as a promising candidate for application in supercapacitors.
Analytical Methods and Their Significance in Pharmaceutical Process Impurities: A Review
Authors: Kumari Mayuri , Tripathy Divya Bajpai , Gupta Anjali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPotential genotoxic substances in medicines are of rising concern to pharmaceutical and regulatory authorities at detectable levels due to their potential to induce human carcinogenesis. Molecule functional groups may contribute to the genotoxicity of small molecules by converting starting materials and synthetic intermediates into reactive components. It is challenging for the pharmaceutical research and development analytical community to identify these genotoxic chemicals at trace levels without using susceptible and selective analytical methods. The literature currently needs more experimental advice for analyzing some significant contaminants. Analytical methods play a vital role in the pharmaceutical industry for monitoring and controlling impurities in drug products. These methods provide critical information on the final product's quality, purity, and efficacy by identifying unwanted substances such as degradation products, residual solvents, and process contaminants. The significance of analytical methods in pharmaceutical process impurities includes ensuring quality control, regulatory compliance, process optimization, troubleshooting, and batch release. These methods help to ensure that the final product meets the required specifications, complies with regulatory requirements, and provides the safe and effective patient treatment. The study analyses the structural alarms of commonly encountered likely genotoxic contaminants and draught regulations of various regulatory authorities to restrict the number of impurities in medicinal substances and to identify their toxicity.
Optimization of Luminescence due to SHI Irradiation on Cr‐Doped BiFeO3 (BFO) Thin Films
Authors: Meena Harish Kumar , Meena Khushbu , Singh Fouran , Chauhan Vishnu , Jain Sushil Kumar , Tripathi Balram 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study reporting tuning of optical luminescence in Cr‐doped BiFeO3 (BCFO) thin films deposited on glass substrate using spin coater and irradiated with Au+9 (100 MeV) swift heavy ions (SHI) at fluence 1013 ions cm−2. The modification of these thin films has been carried out in its structural and optical properties. An X‐ray diffraction spectra of BCFO thin films confirms rhombohedral perovskite structure with crystallite size distribution of 6–10 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra confirms bonding of Cr in BiFeO3 thin films, however scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the homogeneous been found to be improved with the band gap tuning in between 2.75 and 2.59 eV via SHI irradiation as per the observations from optical absorption spectra. The purpose of the present study is to synthesize and characterize Cr doped BiFeO3 thin films by a simple spin‐coating method and investigates photovoltaic properties modification due to SHI irradiation for photovoltaic devices.
Role of Structural Decisive via Ultra‐Sonication on Photocatalytic Response of MWCNTs Intercalated ZnO Composites
Authors: Manjhu Suchitra , Meena Khushbu , Meena Harish Kumar , Jakhar Narendra , Jain Karishma , Jain Sushil Kumar , Malhotra Anu , Lavania Anju , Verma Reena , Tripathi Balram 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript role of MWCNTs on the photocatalytic response of zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductor photocatalyst is reported. Developing a cheap, stable, and effective photo catalyst is necessary for remediation of persistent organic pollutants. To address this challenge, ZnO/MWCNT composites are fabricated via sonication technique with interfacial engineering for effective photocatalytic response. X‐ray diffraction spectra confirms hexagonal structure of ZnO/MWCNT composites with the average particle size distribution of 73–80 nm. FT‐IR spectra confirms bonding structure, however SEM images confirm the homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs in the ZnO system which acts as an effective adsorbent sites. The highest degradation (90%) of methylene blue (MB) dye on ZnO95MWCNT5 composite has been observed. It is expected that MWCNTs taking part to electron transfer facilitation in spatial separation and electron–hole pairs of ZnO during photo catalysis mechanism.
Hydrogen Adsorption on PCN‐250(Fe) Metal Organic Framework: Temperature and Pressure Swings
Authors: Meena Khushbu , Meena Harish Kumar , Jain Sushil Kumar , Dixit Ambesh , Dixit Shalini , Sharma K. B. , Tripathi Balram 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis manuscript is reporting hydrogen adsorption uptake of PCN‐250(Fe) metal organic framework (MOF) at temperature of 300, 126K, and pressure in between 6 and 10 bar. X‐ray diffraction spectrum of PCN‐250(Fe) confirms crystalline structure, however Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrum showing dominant bonding structure of COOH, N = N, and Fe─O functional groups. SEM images confirm surface morphology as an octahedrons of average crystalline size upto 50 µm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirms excellent thermal stability upto 450 °C. The hydrogen adsorption uptake of 0.80 wt% has been found at 126 K and pressure of 10 bar attributes adsorption occurs due to the structural and physical properties like topology, porosity, and presence of open metal sites as well as surface area. It is suggested that PCN‐250(Fe) as an adsorbent material offers as an intensive way of storing H2 at low temperature and at ambient pressure.
Role of Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition on Electrical and Optical Properties of PEDOT: PSS/Polyaniline Thin Films for Solar Cells
Authors: Mevta Kanhaiya Lal , Meena Harish Kumar , Devat Kiran , Agarwal Garima , Jain Sushil Kumar , Tripathi Balram 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, electrical and optical properties of PEDOT:PSS/Polyaniline: (PANI)bilayer thin films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) are reported. Spin coater has been used for fabrication of thin films of 40–50 nm thickness at 5000 rpm. The deposited thin films have been characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV‐vis spectroscopy and Keithley electrometer. Layer‐by‐layer (LBL) technique has been shown to produce electroactive polymer films with low roughness, excellent uniformity, and high electrical conductivity for heterojunction solar cells. The electrical response of fabricated films showing ohmic behavior for PEDOT: PSS/PANI thin films.
A Systematic Review of MOF, COF, and Their Hybrid‐Based Composite Membranes for Gas Separation
Authors: Ankit  , Saini Nishel , Pandey Harsh , Pandey Kamakshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMembrane–based gas separation has become an important research field for sustainable energy and environmental applications. Gas separation is one of the key steps in refineries and other gas‐related industries. Over the last two decades, the research on extended porous organic and inorganic materials such as zeolites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), and their hybrids has increased continuously. These materials have garnered significant interest due to their structural flexibility and pronounced porosity, which offer excellent potential for gas adsorption and separation processes in industrial settings. As such, this review has aimed to provide an in‐depth analysis of the recent developments in MOFs, COFs, and MOF–COF hybrid‐based membranes for gas separation, highlighting their potential for practical industrial applications. It also offers a comprehensive understanding of some of the most critical and advanced materials used in gas separation compared to common polymers. In addition, membranes' concepts, efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness are discussed in detail.
Stability, Spectroscopic Investigation (Experimental and Theoretical), Electronic, and Molecular Docking of Anesthetic Agent: Propofol
Authors: Pandey Anoop Kumar , Pandey S.P. , Singh V.K. , Narayan Vijay , Shukla Dharmesh Vikram , Singh Vijay , Dwivedi Apoorva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a complete quantum chemical study of propofol molecule has been done by using DFT‐B3LYP/6‐311G (d, p) method. The equilibrium geometry, HOMO–LUMO gap, NBO calculation, and DOS have been studied with the help of density functional theory (DFT) employing 6–311G (d, p) as the basis set. A good correlation is observed between experimental and calculated vibrational frequencies. Its molecular docking with 1B4N receptor shows that propofol can bind and inhibit the receptor enzymes therefore can act as an effective drug. NLO calculation shows that the molecule is good non‐linear optical candidate in future due to its more ICT moment of π–electron. Study shows that title molecule binds well with 1B4N protein.
Superacidic Properties of Protonated PtFn (n = 1–6) and Their Ability to Form Supersalts: DFT Study
Authors: Singh Vijay , Soni Anil Kumar , Shukla Dharmesh Vikram , Upadhyay Ajay Kumar , Pandey Anoop Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present communication, this study has modeled protonated PtFn (n = 1–6), a new series of superacids. The calculated vertical de‐attachment energy (VDE) of PtFn (n = 1–6) reestablishes the superhalogenic behavior. The vibrational frequency, dissociation energy through the HF channel, and optimized geometries are utilized to discuss the stability of HPtFn (n = 1–6). The deprotonation energy of HPtFn is used to calculate the acidic strength of HPtFn (n = 1–6). The acidity of protonated PtFn (n = 1–6) is directly related to its counterpart superhalogen anions. The computed correlation factor (R2 = 0.9754) shows that VDE is directly associated with acidity. The mechanism of acidity of HPtFn (n = 1–6) is described by using natural bond orbital analysis charges on atoms. The electronic properties of HPtFn (n = 1–6) are calculated using the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy. The nature of chemical reactivity is also determined by the HOMO–LUMO plot of HPtFn (n = 1–6). It has formed the supersalts using superacids HPtFn (n = 1–6) and superbase (OLi3OH), and the nature of supersalts is compared with traditional salt LiF. The most stable conformers of supersalts PtFnOLi3 (n = 2–6) are analyzed for optoelectronic properties. It has computed the dissociation of supersalts through neutral and anions through superhalogns and superalkalis. The computed results show that PtF4OLi3 favors dissociation through anions as in traditional salts. The nonlinear optical parameters are calculated using dipole moment, mean polarizability, anisotropic polarizability, molar reflectivity (MR), order parameters, and hyperpolarizability of PtFnOLi3 (n = 2–4). The estimated nonlinear optical properties parameters are compared with corresponding parameters of traditional salt LiF by the same level theory.
Improvement in the Performance of Composite Cathode via Solid Electrolyte for High Electrochemical Performance of Li–S Battery
Authors: Patodia Tarun , Sahu Rajesh , Tripathi Balram , Ichikawa Takayuki , Jain Sushil Kumar , Jain Ankur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCommercialization of Li–S in present scenario is obstructed by poor performance of cathode and its compatibility with electrolyte used. Here in this work, in order to improve the electrochemical performance all solid state Li–S battery, solid electrolyte (SE) formed by composition of lithium sulfide (Li2S) and phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) combinedly called LPS is used. The modified carbon in the form of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as additive is used to provide better electron conduction pathway. High conductivity of the order 10−4 S cm−1 of prepared LPS overcomes the major drawback of insulating nature of sulfur. The coin cells are fabricated by using above mentioned material as a cathode material, LPS as SE, and lithium foil as anode. The prepared nanocomposites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study structural and morphological properties. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) images of the cathode surface confirms the uniform spreading of material. The electrochemical performance of coin cell is studied by Galvanostatic charge‐discharge plot at 0.1 C to check the compatibility of composite and electrolyte prepared. The cells having additive material GO and rGO with host sulfur show better results as compared to the cell having pristine sulfur.
Electrical and Structural Properties of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Doped Potassium Iodide (KI) Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Singh Ritika , Singh Pramod K. , Pandey Shri Prakash , Kakroo Sunanda , Tripathi Pankaj K. , Kumar Rohit , Bajaj Yashika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA high‐conducting salt‐doped polymer electrolyte layer has been created here for use in photocell technologies. The solution casting method is used to produce ion conducting film where poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used as the host polymer and potassium iodide (KI) as the dopant. The conductivity and amorphic increases of the polymer electrolytes with the addition of salt concentrations helps in the enhancement of the charge transfer properties. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ionic conductivity is evaluated where maximum conductivity is 3.99 × 10−6 S cm‐1 at 20 wt% KI concentration. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) shows the reduction in crystallinity by salt doping, while Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the complexation as well as composite nature of the film. Ionic transference number (tion) measurement shows the predominantly ionic nature of this polymer electrolyte.
A Comparison of Otolaryngology Residency Applicants Over Time and to Other Surgical Applicants
Authors: Lin Matthew E. , Kharidia Khush , Choe Deborah , Bagrodia Neelesh , Luu Neil N. , Chambers Tamara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveUnderstand how otolaryngology residency applicant characteristics have changed over time and compare them to those of other surgical subspecialties.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of academic, extracurricular, and application data in the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency databases.SettingApplicants to otolaryngology, neurological surgery, ophthalmology, plastic surgery, urology, and orthopedic surgery applicants from 2019 to 2023.MethodsKruskal‐Wallis, Wilcoxon rank sum, Fischer's exact, and Mann‐Whitney U tests were used to compare temporal, match‐based, and subspecialty differences in applicant characteristics.ResultsAcross 4 match cycles and 541 otolaryngology applicants, significant differences were found in the average number of honored clerkships per applicant (P = 0.044), the percentage of matched applicants (P = 0.017), and the average number of research experiences (P < 0.001), peer‐revied publications (P = 0.002), applied programs (P < 0.001), and interviews received (P = 0.041). Relative to their unmatched counterparts, matched applicants frequently received more interviews, belonged to higher academic quartiles, and were more likely to belong to academic honor societies (all P < 0.05). Matched applicants exhibited significant differences in the number of research experiences (P = 0.002), peer‐reviewed publications (P = 0.004), and applied programs across cycles (P < 0.001). Relative to applicants from other surgical subspecialties, otolaryngology applicants exhibited high amounts of extracurricular involvement, were on par in terms of research output, and received a low proportion of interviews despite applying to a high number of programs.ConclusionMatching into otolaryngology has become increasingly competitive and is as competitive as peer surgical subspecialties. Strong academic performance, judicious program signaling, increased research involvement, and holistic factors like letters of recommendation may help applicants successfully match.
Bio‐marine shell powder‐filled jute fabric/epoxy composites: Chemical, combustion, and mechanical properties
Authors: Li Luming , Yu Huiling , Gui Chengsheng , Hu Lingling , Zou Miao , Ren Suhong , Huan Weiwei , Yu Xiaohong , Wang Xue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural fiber/resin composites exhibit poor fiber–matrix compatibility and easy combustion. In this study, jute‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin was used to prepare composite materials by adding marine shell powder, which is a natural non‐combustible inorganic filler that originates from a variety of sources. The morphology, composition, thermal stability, combustion performance, and mechanical properties of the prepared composites were tested using several characterization methods. The results show that the marine shell powder was evenly distributed in the epoxy resin and did not affect the adhesion between the epoxy resin and the jute fiber. When 20% marine shell powder (SMJF20) was added to the jute‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin composite, the pyrolytic residual content was 21.88% (60.2% higher than that without), and the maximum heat release rate was 350.75 kW/m2 (22.8% lower than that without). The total heat release and total smoke release of SMJF20 were also 13.9% and 30% lower than that of MJF, respectively. The addition of marine shell powder did not significantly affect the tensile strength, whereas the tensile modulus of SMJF20 increased by approximately 13.9%, the fracture strain decreased by approximately 13.4%, and the bending strength and modulus decreased by approximately 12.9% and 13.0%, respectively. Marine shell powder is an ideal biomass filler for jute‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy resins.Highlights
Jute‐fiber‐epoxy composites fortified with non‐combustible marine shell powder.
Effective filler distribution without compromising epoxy‐jute fiber adhesion.
20% marine shell powder significantly reduces heat release and smoke release.
Tensile strength unaffected; tensile modulus and residual content increased.
Marine shell powder proves ideal for enhancing epoxy resin with jute fibers.