bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) estimates for principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR)
Authors: Mevik Bjørn‐Helge , Cederkvist Henrik René 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper presents results from simulations based on real data, comparing several competing mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) estimators on principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR): leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, K‐fold and adjusted K‐fold cross‐validation, the ordinary bootstrap estimate, the bootstrap smoothed cross‐validation (BCV) estimate and the 0.632 bootstrap estimate. The overall performance of the estimators is compared in terms of their bias, variance and squared error. The results indicate that the 0.632 estimate and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation are preferable when one can afford the computation. Otherwise adjusted 5‐ or 10‐fold cross‐validation are good candidates because of their computational efficiency. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Kinetic Model to Describe Nanocrystal Growth by the Oriented Attachment Mechanism
Authors: Ribeiro Caue , Lee Eduardo J. H. , Longo Elson , Leite Edson R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe classical model of particle coagulation on colloids is revisited to evaluate its applicability on the oriented attachment of nanoparticles. The proposed model describes well the growth behavior of dispersed nanoparticles during the initial stages of nanoparticle synthesis and during growth induced by hydrothermal treatments. Moreover, a general model, which combines coarsening (i.e., Ostwald ripening) and oriented attachment effects, is proposed as an alternative to explain deviations between experimental results and existing theoretical models.
Defining antigen‐dependent stages of T cell migration from the blood to the central nervous system parenchyma
Authors: Archambault Angela S. , Sim Julia , Gimenez Mary Ann T. , Russell John H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), intravenous transfer of activated CD4+ myelin‐specific T cells is sufficient to induce disease. Transferred T cells access the CNS parenchyma by trafficking across the blood brain barrier (BBB) vascular endothelium into the perivascular space, and then across the glial limitans that is made up of astrocytes and microglia. Flow cytometry analysis of cells isolated from CNS tissue does not distinguish between T cell populations at the various stages of migration. In this study, we have used GK1.5 (anti‐CD4) treatment along with immunohistochemistry to distinguish between populations of T cells that are associated with the vasculature, T cells that have migrated into the perivascular space, and T cells in the parenchyma. We have also re‐evaluated antigen specificity requirements of T cells as they are recruited to the CNS parenchyma. Activated myelin‐specific T cells are restricted to the CNS vasculature for at least 24 h post transfer. MHC class II expression on the recipient is required for cells to traffic across the CNS vascular endothelium. Further, Con A‐stimulated or non‐CNS‐specific (ovalbumin‐specific) T cells fail to migrate into the perivascular space, and only enter the CNS parenchyma when co‐transferred with myelin‐specific T cells. Our results indicate that Th1 populations cannot accumulate in the perivascular (subarachnoid, Virchow‐Robbins) space without a CNS antigen‐specific signal.
A genetic contamination in MHC‐congenic mouse strains reveals a locus on chromosome 10 that determines autoimmunity and arthritis susceptibility
Authors: Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAmong the arthritis‐susceptible MHC (H‐2)‐congenic mouse strains, B10.RIII mice are highly susceptible to collagen‐induced arthritis. Surprisingly, the B10.RIII strain was also more susceptible to the T cell independent model CAIA (collagen‐antibody‐induced arthritis). Through genome‐wide genotyping, we found that the B10.RIII and B10.Q strains differed not only in chromosome 17 (MHC) but also in a region on chromosome 10, which contained a fragment from the MHC donor RIIIS/J. We isolated the chromosome 10 as well as the chromosome 17 segments on the B10.RIII and B10.Q backgrounds. Congenic mice containing the RIIIS/J‐derived chromosome 10 segment showed significantly higher susceptibility and severity of arthritis with an enhanced autoimmune response to type II collagen. Furthermore, this chromosomal segment significantly promoted CAIA. Similarly, the RIIIS/J segment in chromosome 17 also promoted CAIA independently of other gene segments. These data show that other gene regions, apart from MHC class II, may explain effects both at the priming and effector level of arthritis observed in widely used MHC congenic strains. These new congenic fragments, on both chromosome 10 and 17, provide new mouse strains suitable for studies aiming at positional cloning of new genes associated with arthritis.
The dependence of the sporicidal effects on the power and pressure of RF‐generated plasma processes
Authors: Lassen Klaus S. , Nordby Bolette , Grün Reinar 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe sporicidal effect of 20 different radio‐frequency plasma processes produced by combining five different gas mixtures [O2, Ar/H2 (50/50%), Ar/H2 (5/95%), O2/H2 (50/50%), O2/H2 (95/5%)] with four power/pressure settings were tested. Sporicidal effects of oxygen‐containing plasmas were dependent on power at low pressure settings but not at high pressure settings. In the absence of oxygen no power dependency was observed at either high or low pressure settings. Survivor curves obtained with the use of nonoxygen plasmas typically had a tailing tendency. Only a mixture‐optimized Ar/H2 (15/85%) plasma process was not encumbered by tailing, and produced a decimal reduction time (D value) below 2 min for Bacillus stearothermophilus spores. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a CF4/O2 plasma did more damage to the substrate than the 15/85% Ar/H2 plasma. The present results indicate that UV irradiation inactivation is swift and power and pressure independent. Additionally, it is produced at low energy. However, it is not complete. Inactivation through etching is highly power and pressure dependent; finally, inactivation by photodesorption is moderately power and pressure dependent. A sterilization process relying on this mechanism is very advantageous because it combines a highly sporicidal effect with low substrate damage. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater
Nonstoichiometric polycondensation of 4‐acetoxybenzoic acid in the presence of monoacetate
Authors: Kohama Shin‐ichiro , Kimura Kunio , Yamashita Yuhiko 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNonstoichiometric polycondensation of 4‐acetoxybenzoic acid (ABA) was examined in the presence of three kinds of aromatic monoacetates: 4‐hexyloxyphenyl acetate, 4‐decyloxyphenyl acetate, and 4‐octadecyloxyphenyl acetate. Polymerizations were carried out in liquid paraffin at 320 °C under nonstoichiometric conditions, in which the acetoxy group was in large excess of the carboxyl group. Poly(4‐oxybenzoyl) (POB) was obtained as crystal at the molar ratio of monoacetates in feed (χ) of less than 80 mol %, meaning that the concentration of the acetoxy group was five times that of the carboxylic group. The obtained POB possessed much higher number average degree of polymerization (DPn), ranging from 353 to 467, than the calculated DPn on the basis of χ. High molecular weight polymer was synthesized even under nonstoichiometric conditions via crystallization of oligomers and the following solid‐state polymerization in the crystals. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1757–1766, 2005
Information asymmetry and investor valuation of IPOs: top management team legitimacy as a capital market signal
Authors: Cohen Boyd D. , Dean Thomas J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe condition of information asymmetry between current owners and potential IPO investors creates a context wherein the legitimacy of the top management team (TMT) may serve as a valid signal of value to potential investors. The results confirm our hypotheses that TMT legitimacy is negatively correlated with post‐IPO stock value run‐up. Our results support a previously unexplored view of the TMT as an important signal of value in IPOs, and suggest that dual benefits accrue to the TMT selection process in IPO firms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical synapse formation disrupts calcium‐dependent exocytosis, but not vesicle mobilization
Authors: Neunuebel Joshua P. , Zoran Mark J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractElectrical coupling exists prior to the onset of chemical connectivity at many developing and regenerating synapses. At cholinergic synapses in vitro, trophic factors facilitated the formation of electrical synapses and interfered with functional neurotransmitter release in response to photolytic elevations of intracellular calcium. In contrast, neurons lacking trophic factor induction and electrical coupling possessed flash‐evoked transmitter release. Changes in cytosolic calcium and postsynaptic responsiveness to acetylcholine were not affected by electrical coupling. These data indicate that transient electrical synapse formation delayed chemical synaptic transmission by imposing a functional block between the accumulation of presynaptic calcium and synchronized, vesicular release. Despite the inability to release neurotransmitter, neurons that had possessed strong electrical coupling recruited secretory vesicles to sites of synaptic contact. These results suggest that the mechanism by which neurotransmission is disrupted during electrical synapse formation is downstream of both calcium influx and synaptic vesicle mobilization. Therefore, electrical synaptogenesis may inhibit synaptic vesicles from acquiring a readily releasable state. We hypothesize that gap junctions might negatively interact with exocytotic processes, thereby diminishing chemical neurotransmission. Synapse 56:154–165, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recollections of parent characteristics and attachment patterns for college women of intact vs. non‐intact families☆
Authors: Kilmann Peter R. , Carranza Laura V. , Vendemia Jennifer M.C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study contrasted offsprings’ attachment patterns and recollections of parent characteristics in two college samples: 147 females from intact biological parents and 157 females of parental divorce. Secure females from intact or non‐intact families rated parents positively, while insecure females rated parents as absent, distant, and demanding. In contrast to females from intact families, females of parental divorce reported a less secure attachment, lower self‐esteem, a greater fearful avoidance pattern, and rated their biological fathers and mothers more negatively.
Childhood discipline, perceptions of parents, and current functioning in female college students
Authors: Renk Kimberly , McKinney Cliff , Klein Jenny , Oliveros Arazais 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study examined the relationships among the childhood discipline styles experienced by 116 female college students, their perceptions of their parents, and their current functioning. Results of this study indicated that female college students’ report of childhood discipline, their perceptions of their parents, and their outcomes were related uniquely when examining responses for mothers and fathers. Further, regression analyses suggested that negative perceptions of mothers may mediate the relationship between maternal psychologically assaultive discipline and female college students’ depression and self‐esteem and mediate partially the relationship between maternal psychologically and physically assaultive discipline and female college students’ anxiety. In contrast, fathers’ use of psychologically assaultive discipline and female college students’ positive and negative perceptions of their fathers predicted depression, whereas only their perceptions predicted anxiety and self‐esteem. These results suggested the importance of examining discipline and perceptions of parents when examining the functioning of late adolescents and emerging adults.
Predictors of close family relationships over one year among homeless young people☆
Authors: Milburn Norweeta G. , Jane Rotheram‐Borus Mary , Batterham Philip , Brumback Babette , Rosenthal Doreen , Mallett Shelley 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPredictors of perceived family bonds were examined among homeless young people who initially left home one year earlier. Newly homeless young people aged 12–20 years who had recently left home were recruited in Los Angeles County, United States () and Melbourne, Australia () and followed longitudinally at 3, 6, and 12 months (follow‐up rates ranging from 72% to 86% overall). These homeless young people varied substantially in their bonds to their families. Family bonds at one year were predicted in multivariate regression analyses by having significantly fewer problem behaviours when leaving home and decreasing rates of problem behaviours over the next year. Having more emotional support and more instrumental financial support were also significantly associated with greater family bonds one year later. These results suggest that efforts to reunite families may be a viable intervention strategy for newly homeless young people.
Extending the supply chain: Integrating operations and marketing in the online grocery industry
Authors: Boyer Kenneth K. , Hult G. Tomas M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study reports results from case studies of four Internet‐ordering and home‐delivery grocers and 2440 of their customers. Each grocer follows a different operations strategy as determined by choice of where to fulfill customer orders (from existing stores or from a dedicated DC) and by choice of delivery method (direct to the customer's home/office or indirect via customer pickup or third‐party logistics provider). The survey data from customers are used to assess the degree of integration between marketing and operations and the relationship with customer behavioral intentions. The results indicate that eBusiness‐, product‐, and service‐quality, all have a significant direct effect on customer behavioral intentions to purchase again. There is limited support for technology as a moderating factor. Finally, the relationships between the predictor variables and customer behavioral intentions differ across grocers. This supports the idea that grocers utilizing different operational strategies should focus attention on different facets of their business and provides insight as to where efforts should be directed.
Effective repair of a fresh osteochondral defect in the rabbit knee joint by articulated joint distraction following subchondral drilling
Authors: Kajiwara Ryoji , Ishida Osamu , Kawasaki Kenzo , Adachi Nobuo , Yasunaga Yuji , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurpose: Joint distraction has been used to treat osteoarthritis and was found to delay the need for arthrodesis or joint replacement. However, there has been little basic research on articulated joint distraction for the repair of osteochondral defects. We investigated the effects of joint distraction with motion after drilling on a fresh osteochondral defect in the weight bearing area of the rabbit knee joint.Methods: A full thickness osteochondral defect was created in the weight bearing area of both medial femoral condyles of an adult Japanese white rabbit. After drilling of the defect, the experimental knee joint was distracted for 1.5 mm using a pair of external fixators to decrease compression force. The contralateral knee joint was used as a control with no apparatus. Gross findings and histological evaluation were assessed to study morphology of the repaired cartilage.Results: A partial repair with cartilage‐like tissue was observed in the joints of the experimental group at 4 weeks. While cartilagelike tissue stained with Safranin O was found in the experimental group at 8 and 12 weeks, destructive changes were observed in the control joints. Morphological changes were evaluated using the histological grading scale [Wakitani S, Goto T, Pineda SJ, et al. Mesenchymal cell‐based repair of large, full‐thickness defect of articular cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994;76(4):579–92]. There was no significant difference between experimental and control groups at 4 weeks (mean 11.2 and 13.8 points, respectively). However, the mean scores of the experimental groups at 8 and 12 weeks (mean 6.8 and 7.5, respectively) were significantly better than those of the control groups at the same time points (mean 14 points each). Between the experimental groups, the scores at 8 and 12 weeks were both significantly better than those at 4 weeks.Conclusion: A combination of subchondral drilling, joint motion and distraction by an articulated external fixator promoted repair of a fresh osteochondral defect in the weight bearing area. Although distraction for 4 weeks was not a long enough period to repair the defect, distraction for 8 and 12 weeks resulted in a good outcome. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Limited Benefit of Septal Pre‐Excitation in Pace Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: DUYTSCHAEVER MATTIAS , FIRSOVAITE VIDA , COLPAERT RUDY , ALLESSIE MAURITS , TAVERNIER RENE 
Published: March 2005

Background: Pre‐excitation of the intra‐atrial septum (IAS) by pacing at the ostium of the coronary sinus (CSO) can prevent atrial fibrillation (AF) in case of single atrial premature beats (APBs). We investigated whether pre‐excitation of IAS, either by pacing at CSO or at the right ventricle in the presence of retrograde conduction (RV), can prevent atrial tachyarrhythmia triggered by single and multiple APBs. AF vulnerability was compared to pacing at the right atrium (RA) and sinus rhythm (SR). Methods: Seventeen patients, age 52 ± 21 years, who exhibited retrograde VA conduction and reproducible induction of atrial tachyarrhythmia during an electrophysiological procedure, were studied. Both during SR and pacing (S1‐S1:600 ms) at RA, CSO, and right ventricle (RV), single (A1‐S2:200 ms) and multiple premature stimuli (A1‐S2‐S3‐S4:200–180–180 ms) were delivered at RA (4 × diastolic threshold). Results: During pacing at RA, single and multiple APBs invariably induced runs of atrial tachyarrhythmia (mean duration 34 ± 67 sec and 37 ± 69 sec, range 1 sec to 20 min). During preventive pacing at CSO and RV, single APBs (A1‐S2:200 ms) did not induce atrial arrhythmia (0 ± 0 sec, 0 ± 0 sec, P < 0.05 vs pacing at RA). In contrast, when multiple APBs were applied, pacing at CSO or RV failed to prevent initiation of AF (mean duration 36 ± 63 sec, 38 ± 65 sec, NS). Also during SR, single APBs did not induce AF (0 ± 0 sec, P < 0.05 vs pacing at RA) whereas multiple APBs invariably induced AF (39 ± 74 sec, NS). Conclusions: Compared to pacing at RA, pre‐excitation of IAS either by pacing at CSO or at RV with retrograde conduction can prevent initiation of paroxysms of atrial tachyarrhythmia triggered by single but not by multiple right APBs. These findings imply that the potential benefit of choosing an optimal pacing site in patients requiring atrial‐based pacing is limited. Moreover, in the absence of bradycardia, no specific pacing site offers incremental benefit over the natural “protective” effect of sinus rhythm.
Mechanism of Induction of Atrioventricular Node Reentry by Simultaneous Anterograde Conduction Over the Fast and Slow Pathways
Authors: KERTESZ NAOMI J. , FOGEL RICHARD I. , PRYSTOWSKY ERIC N. 
Published: March 2005

Introduction: AV node reentry (AVNRT) is typically induced with anterograde (Ant) block over the fast pathway (FP) and conduction over the slow pathway (SP), with subsequent retrograde (Ret) conduction over the FP. Rarely, a premature atrial complex (PAC) conducts simultaneously over the FP and SP to induce AVNRT (2 for 1). This study investigates the mechanism of 2 for 1 induction. Methods and Results: Of 192 consecutive patients (pts) undergoing posteroseptal radiofrequency ablation to treat AVNRT, 4 pts (2%) had 2 for 1 AVNRT induction. All needed isoproterenol for AVNRT initiation, and Ant conduction was over the SP during AVNRT. Controls (n = 15) were randomly selected from the remaining 188 pts and required isoproterenol to induce AVNRT with Ant block over the FP. For 2 for 1 versus control, respectively, there was no difference in mean age (55 vs. 46 yr), AVNRT cycle length (420 vs. 320 ms), or the Ant effective refractory period of the FP (320 vs. 344 ms). Of note, the PAC that induced AVNRT had a significantly longer AH interval over the SP in pts with 2 for 1 versus control (470 vs. 320 ms, P = 0.016), even though the A1A2 interval for induction was longer for 2 for 1 (315 vs. 260 ms, P = 0.003). Ret conduction over the SP was relatively poor in the 2 for 1 group as evidenced by 4/4 pts with induction of AVNRT during incremental ventricular pacing versus only 1/15 control pts (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The unique induction of AVNRT by a PAC with simultaneous conduction over the FP and SP is best explained by minimal to no retrograde invasion of the SP from the anterogradely conducted fast pathway impulse, and consistent with this observation is the initiation of slow/fast AVN reentry during incremental RV pacing.
Unsuccessful Internal Defibrillation in Brugada Syndrome: Focus on Refractoriness and Ventricular Fibrillation Cycle Length
Authors: WATANABE HIROSHI , CHINUSHI MASAOMI , SUGIURA HIROTAKA , WASHIZUKA TAKASHI , KOMURA SATORU , HOSAKA YUKIO , FURUSHIMA HIROSHI , WATANABE HIROSHI , HAYASHI JUNICHI , AIZAWA YOSHIFUSA 
Published: March 2005

Introduction: In patients with Brugada syndrome, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the only reliable treatment to prevent sudden death though, in some cases, internal defibrillation may be unsuccessful. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of defibrillation failure, with a focus on electrophysiologic characteristics. Methods: The study included 51 patients treated with ICD: 22 with Brugada syndrome and 29 with structural heart disease (SHD). The prevalence of defibrillation energy requirement precluding the programming of a 10‐J safety margin, the mean right ventricular effective refractory period (ERP), and mean induced ventricular fibrillation cycle length (VFCL) from the stored ICD electrograms, were compared between the two patient groups. Results: High defibrillation requirements were observed in 18% of patients with Brugada syndrome versus 0% of patients with SHD. However, the patients with SHD had larger heart size than those with Brugada syndrome. Mean VFCL and mean ERP were both significantly shorter in patients with Brugada syndrome than in patients with SHD, and ERP and VFCL were significantly correlated. Conclusion: Patients with Brugada syndrome have a high prevalence of high defibrillation energy requirement, and short ventricular ERP and VFCL.
Between ‘Paper’ and ‘Real Tigers’: Mao's View of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Shu Guang Zhang 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Mao Zedong originally saw a new China's struggle for security in terms of conventional warfare and in 1946 satirized the atomic bomb as a ’paper tiger’. Mao found it difficult to understand why the imperialists would venture to use nuclear weapons in a war if they wanted to dominate other nations, because a massively destructive weapon would not serve the purpose of acquiring political control, but would instead destroy that which was to be controlled. However, he gradually changed his position, as he understood the deterrent value of the bomb. Frequent US nuclear threats against China, Soviet pressures, and pressures from other Chinese leaders who kept pushing Mao to pay more attention to nuclear‐weapon programmes are the important factors that contributed to his ’nuclear revolution’. Consequently, his thinking on the atomic bomb came to dominate China's defence policy and brought about the policy changes that turned China into a major nuclear power.