bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity in pressure ulcer risk assessment, with specific relation to the Pakistani ethnic minority in Burton, England
Authors: Anthony Denis , Johnson Mark , Reynolds Tim , Russell Linda 
Published: March 2003

Background.  There has been little work on ethnicity related to pressure ulcers in general and little or nothing specific to South Asians, and the Pakistani ethnic group in particular. Aim.  To explore the relevance of ethnicity in pressure ulcers. Methods.  All admissions over a 5‐year period to a District General Hospital in Burton, United Kingdom (UK) were considered where data were present on Waterlow Score, ethnicity and pressure sore status. Logistic regression analysis was conducted using ethnicity and other variables to predict ulcer formation. Results.  Age is predictive, but ethnicity was not found to be a significant predictor. Conclusion.  There is no evidence that members of the Pakistani ethnic minority are at higher risk than the majority White population in Burton, with respect to pressure ulcers.
Herbal products and conventional medicines used by community‐residing older women
Authors: Yoon Saun‐Joo Lee , Horne Claydell H. 
Published: March 2003

Herbal products and conventional medicines used by community‐residing older women There is a risk of interaction between herbal products and conventional medications, therefore, more needs to be known about the use of herbals by older persons. The purpose of this research was to explore the use of herbal products for medicinal purposes and to compare differences in the demographic characteristics and health status of herbal product users and nonusers among community‐dwelling older women. In 1998, a random sample of 86 women aged 65 years and older who lived independently in a North Central Florida county was selected. Names were obtained from the Florida State Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. Structured interviews using questionnaires were completed for 86 subjects. The interview questionnaire addressed health status and the use of conventional medicines, use of herbal products, and demographic data. Findings indicated that herbal products were used by 45% of the sample in the previous 12 months. The average number of herbal products used by the 45% was 2·5. Herbal products were used to prevent health problems (41%), to treat illness (23%), and for both prevention and treatment (36%). The women reported using an average of 3·2 prescribed medicines and 3·8 nonprescribed medicines. No differences in demographic characteristics and health status were found for users and nonusers of herbal products except that herbal product users were more concerned with memory problems than nonusers. No difference in perceived seriousness of memory problems existed between the two groups. It is important for health care providers to be knowledgeable about the use of herbal products to provide comprehensive health care to older women.
Exploring caring using narrative methodology: an analysis of the approach
Authors: McCance Tanya V. , McKenna Hugh P. , Boore Jennifer R.P. 
Published: March 2003

Exploring caring using narrative methodology: an analysis of the approachThe investigation of caring in nursing practice and the need to explicate what it is nurses do when they care present a challenge for nurse researchers. This is due largely to the complex and nebulous nature of caring as a concept and the contextual elements that influence its perceived meaning. Consequently, the use of qualitative methods in the exploration of caring is the method of choice, with researchers employing a variety of such approaches. In particular, the use of stories as a primary way of making sense of an experience has gained attention in the literature and the narrative method is being seen increasingly as a valid means of tapping into the patient experience. However, the use of narratives is complex with a diversity of approaches often being presented. This paper discusses the use of narratives in the exploration of caring, focusing specifically on an approach developed by Donald Polkinghorne. Issues associated with the collection and analysis of narrative data using this approach are examined.
The parturient woman: can there be room for more than ‘one person with full and equal rights inside a single human skin’*?
Authors: Burrows Julia 
Published: March 2003

The parturient woman: can there be room for more than ‘one person with full and equal rights inside a single human skin’? Aims of the paper. The aim of the paper is to raise awareness around the legal and ethical issues involved in the enforcement of caesarean sections on non‐consenting women. The paper considers the competing rights of mother and foetus in situations where a mother’s wishes may result in harm or death to the foetus. Background/Rationale. In this light of various court decisions about enforcing caesarean sections, the paper examines the pertinent legal and ethical issues, recognising that health professionals need to operate within an explicit legal and ethical framework. Content. The arguments about a woman’s right to autonomous decision‐making and a foetus’ absolute right to life are examined with the focus throughout being on the legal framework. The need for health professionals to work within this as well as to avoid the temptation to base individual clinical decisions or professional behaviour on subjective moral judgements is emphasized.The attitudes of the judiciary are considered along with recent legal developments. There is an analysis of the way in which established legal principle is sometimes circumvented to override a woman’s right to autonomy. The part played by lawyers and health professionals in denying a woman’s competence to consent in order to achieve an outcome of which they approve is critically appraised. The basis for the decisions in these cases is deconstructed, along with a discussion of the role of health professionals in contributing to the dilemmas highlighted. Conclusion. It is essential that nurses or midwives caring for pregnant women have a full understanding of the legal and ethical issues surrounding this complicated and emotive area and where they, as health professionals, fit within this. The subject matter is also a useful arena for debating such ethical and legal issues as capacity and competence to consent as well as the extent of the right of any patient to full autonomy.
Simplified Japanese Self‐Perception Scale for Young Adults (SJS‐PSYA) to identify risk cases
Authors: Reiko Ueda , Okamura Jun 
Published: March 2003

Simplified Japanese Self‐Perception Scale for Young Adults (SJS‐PSYA) to identify risk cases Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the newly devised Simplified Japanese Self‐Perception Scale for Young Adults (SJS‐PSYA) for identifying risk cases. The SJS‐PSYA was used to measure self‐perception of young adults and its validity was examined. The subjects were 196 Japanese young adults (91 males, 105 females) who had participated in the longitudinal study of Ueda (1996, 1998) from infancy and preschool years to adolescence. Method. Questionnaires for subjects and their parents were mailed separately and then interviews were conducted for possible risk subjects and their parents. Results. (1) The total score of the SJS‐PSYA was correlated negatively with the total number of risk variables. (2) Eight out of 10 single risk variables were correlated with the total self‐perception score. Better subjective health, higher aspiration for future, employed at present, much satisfaction in life, much support from friends as well as family and higher appraisal of nurturance of own parents, higher was the total self‐perception score. These results suggest that the SJS‐PSYA could be used in identifying young adults at risk and for intervention.
The conceptual structure of physical touch in caring
Authors: Chang Sung Ok 
Published: March 2003

The conceptual structure of physical touch in caring Aims of the study. This study was conducted to clarify and to conceptualize the phenomena of physical touch in caring. Background. Physical touch occurs frequently in patient care situations and has specific meanings within the context of caring. However, the concept of physical touch in caring has not been well articulated in the literatures, although the phenomena of touch and physical touch have been studied in relation to comfort, sense of well‐being and connectedness. Design/method. The Hybrid Model of concept development was applied to develop a conceptual structure of physical touch in caring, which included a field study carried out in Seoul, South Korea using in‐depth interviews with 39 adult subjects consisting of health‐care professionals, in‐patients, and healthy persons. Results/findings. The concept of physical touch in caring emerged as a complex phenomenon having meanings on several different dimensions which were encompassed several attributes and the conceptual structure of physical touch in caring centred around five aspects of goals for physical touch: promoting physical comfort, promoting emotional comfort, promoting mind‐body comfort, performing social role, and sharing spirituality. Conclusions. Physical touch in caring as a concept having the dimensions of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual significance needs to be treated in a holistic way and it is possible to enrich the meanings and methods of physical touch in nursing so that its application may have effects that have positive impacts on patients’ well‐being and comfort.
Beneath the surface: collaboration in alcohol and other drug treatment. An analysis using Foucault’s three modes of objectification
Authors: Curtis Janette , Harrison Lindsey 
Published: March 2003

Beneath the surface: collaboration in alcohol and other drug treatment. An analysis using Foucault’s three modes of objectification Aim of study.  This study investigated the perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) clinicians and consumers regarding the concepts of collaboration and empowerment. Background/rationale.  Working collaboratively is seen as a cornerstone of empowerment, a concept used extensively over the last decade in an attempt to isolate power and control issues. It is generally assumed that health professionals strive to achieve collaboration, but little research has been undertaken. Design/methods.  The study was carried out in a variety of AOD treatment facilities in a large regional city in Australia. Facilities included an inpatient detoxification unit, an outpatients’ clinic, a methadone maintenance clinic, a residential detoxification and rehabilitation unit using a 12‐step treatment model and a residential unit using cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The nonprobability sample consisted of 57 staff and consumers who were interviewed using a semi‐structured format. Data were analysed thematically using a Foucauldian analysis of discourse. Research findings.  Findings suggest that clinicians may be unwittingly imposing their beliefs and prejudices on consumers and in fact disempowering the very people they want to empower. Collaboration is not happening. Foucault’s theory of objectification illuminates the processes involved. Conclusions.  There is much more happening than originally thought between consumers and staff when Foucault’s three modes of objectification are used to examine this practice area. Analysing discourse enables us to see how health workers interact with consumers and the effect this may have on treatment objectives, outcomes and self‐esteem. It also illuminates the work environment where the therapeutic encounter takes place. The need for further effort in empowering both consumers and staff and working collaboratively becomes evident.
The quality of life for Hong Kong dialysis patients
Authors: Suet‐Ching Weety Luk 
Published: March 2003

The quality of life for Hong Kong dialysis patientsAim. This study set out to measure the quality of life (QoL) of the dialysis patient. The first aim was to investigate the QoL of Hong Kong dialysis patients, and the second to understand the relationship between the demographic data and the QoL of the subjects.Rationale. Patients undergoing dialysis experience problems with disease‐specific symptoms. The combination of a decrease in energy, the unavoidable emergence of socioeconomic problems, and emotional reactions compounds the stress facing the patient. The life of a dialysis patient may be lacking in quality. Few studies have examined the QoL of Hong Kong dialysis patients. More information is needed to establish how patients can be helped to lead more productive lives.Methods. The Chinese Dialysis QoL Scale was used. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients from the outpatient clinics of dialysis centres. The distribution score on each item and the overall score were computed, with a lower score indicating greater negative impact of dialysis. To compare whether there is a difference in the average QoL score obtained between different groups on each of the demographic variables, one‐wayANOVAfollowed by Tukey’spost hocanalysis were used. Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to examine the relationships between the demographic variables and the overall QoL score.Findings. Of the 180 scales distributed, 164 were returned, giving a response rate of 91%. The mean of the total score was 132·5 withSD16·68, varying between 97 and 179. The item mean score was 3·31. Marital status, type of modalities, and age appear to have no relationship to QoL.Conclusion. Patients undergoing dialysis in this study experienced multiple physical, social, economic and psychological changes. The priority of healthcare services should therefore be to provide support in the areas of family and social life, information and employment.
HeartCare: an Internet‐based information and support system for patient home recovery after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
Authors: Brennan Patricia Flatley , Moore Shirley M. , Bjornsdottir Gyda , Jones Josette , Visovsky Constance , Rogers Michelle 
Published: March 2003

HeartCare: an Internet‐based information and support system for patient home recovery after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery HeartCare is an Internet‐based information and support service for patients recovering at home from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The system is designed to meet the nursing challenges in health information to support needs of CABG patients. HeartCare (a) provides information and support, tailored to patients’ individual and changing recovery needs during CABG recovery, (b) makes recovery information more accessible for timely use by patients, and (c) extends the scope of nursing services to CABG patients from hospital through home. An ongoing randomized controlled study is underway to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients’ use of the HeartCare system and to examine its acceptance as a usable resource for postCABG patients who have limited previous computer experience.
Effects of injection duration on site‐pain intensity and bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin
Authors: Chan Harriet 
Published: March 2003

Effects of injection duration on site‐pain intensity and bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin Aim. The research evaluated two subcutaneous heparin injection techniques to determine the effects of different injection duration (10‐ and 30‐seconds) on site‐pain intensity and bruising. Background. The research was instigated because nurses and patients in the hospital under investigation reported a high incidence of site‐pain and bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin therapy. This research was conducted over a period of 7 months between September 1998 and April 1999. The Ethic Committees of the University and the hospital approved the research. Methods. The research used a within‐subjects, quasiexperiment, which would yield more convincing causal inferences, owing to the assumption that pain perception and physiological factors affecting coagulation varied less in the same subject than in two comparable subjects. The research involved 34 stroke patients receiving low‐molecular weight heparin. For each subject, one of the two injection techniques was used as the first injection and 12 hours later the other injection technique as the second injection. Subjects rated the level of perceived site‐pain intensity using the vertical visual analogue scale (VAS). Injection‐site bruising were measured at 48 and 60 hours after each injection. Digital planimetry was used to measure the surface‐area of bruise tracings. The final data set for analysis consisted of 68 VAS pain scores and 136 bruise sizes. As normality of the data could not met after transformations, Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank tests were used to determine the effects caused by injection duration on site‐pain and bruise size. The level of significance was determined at P < 0·05. Results. Results indicated that the 30‐second duration injection technique resulted in significantly less intense site‐pain and fewer and smaller bruises. Conclusions. It was concluded that administering a subcutaneous heparin injection over longer duration reduces injection site‐pain and bruising. However, the convenience, relatively small sample may limit the generalisability of the research findings.
Development and testing of the parental coping strategy inventory (PCSI) with children with cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Chao‐Hsing 
Published: March 2003

Development and testing of the parental coping strategy inventory (PCSI) with children with cancer in Taiwan Rationale. This study describes the development and psychometric testing of the parental coping strategy inventory (PCSI). Methods. The PCSI was developed on the basis of previous qualitative study on the Taiwanese parental adaptation process, when caring for children with cancer. In order to develop the measure of parental coping strategy inventory (PCSI), relevant parameters or items for the assessment subscales were then identified and tested in a three‐stage process: item development, content validity testing and reliability testing. The PCSI consisted of 48 items in 12 scales after item selection, and the internal consistency of the scales were acceptable. In order to test the psychometric characteristics of the PCSI, data were collected from 183 mothers with children with cancer. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a good overall model fit of the construct validity of PCSI. In order to test the generalizability of the factor structure, mothers with children with epilepsy were used. The factorial validity of PCSI was supported from the population of those mothers with children with epilepsy. Conclusions. This version of the PCSI was developed with an explicit prior conceptual model based on grounded qualitative study findings. The PCSI is a specified coping behaviour measure with the conceptual framework that adaptation problems can be solved through specific coping strategies. It can be administered in 20 minutes and is the first documented measure of the adaptation process administered directly to Taiwanese parents. It demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties and could be used as a quick screening instrument in evaluating parental problems when caring for children with cancer as well as chronic illness (such as epilepsy, as tested). It could also be used as a predictor of parental adaptation outcome. This report presents preliminary data on the initial instrument development and psychometric properties of PCSI.
An exploration and advancement of the concept of trust
Authors: Hupcey Judith E. , Penrod Janice , Morse Janice M. , Mitcham Carl 
Published: March 2003

An exploration and advancement of the concept of trustBackground. Trust is a concept used both in everyday language and in the scientific realm. An exploration of the conceptualizations of trust within the disciplines of nursing, medicine, psychology and sociology, revealed that trust is an ambiguous scientific concept.Aims. In order to increase the pragmatic utility of the concept of trust for scientific application, further clarification and development of the concept was undertaken.Methods. First, a concept analysis was conducted with the aim of clarifying the state of the science of discipline‐specific conceptualizations of trust. The criterion‐based method of concept analysis as described by Morse and colleagues was used (Morseet al.1996a,1996b,Morse 2000). This analytic process enabled the assessment of the scientific maturity of the concept of trust. The interdisciplinary concept of trust was found to be immature. Based on this level of maturity it was determined that in order to advance the concept of trust toward greater maturity, techniques of concept development using the literature as data were applied. In this process, questions were ‘asked of the data’ (in this case, the selected disciplinary literatures) to identify the conceptual components of trust.Results. The inquiry into the concept of trust led to the development of an expanded interdisciplinary conceptual definition by merging the most coherent commonalties from each discipline.Conclusions. The newly developed interdisciplinary conceptualization advances the concept toward maturity, that is, a more refined, pragmatic and higher‐order concept. The refined concept of trust transcends the contextual boundaries of each discipline in a truly interdisciplinary scientific fashion.
Holistic symptom management: modelling the interaction phase
Authors: Haworth Sandra K. , Dluhy Nancy M. 
Published: March 2003

Holistic symptom management: modelling the interaction phaseAim. This article details an interaction model that links the way a nurse participates in a client’s effort to describe the symptom experience and the eventual symptom management outcome.Rationale. Symptoms represent more than clues to an underlying disease process. Within a nursing perspective, managing symptoms requires an understanding of the person’s experience and the meaning associated with each symptom. All nurses engage in symptom work with clients, but the extent of their accountability varies within their scope of practice. In the United States of America (USA) model of advanced practice nursing, the scope expands to include all aspects of symptom management such as eliciting an accurate understanding, using a symptom cluster to determine underlying causes, and involving the client in management decisions. A holistic nursing approach to symptom management is particularly well suited to the increasing numbers of people with chronic illness.Method. The discussion herein details the interaction phase of the evolving model of Negotiated Symptom Management in chronic illness. Analysis of the participants, process, and context governing this encounter reveal the complexities of the interaction.Findings. It is argued that variables within the interaction have the potential to compromise desired nurse and client outcomes. Although symptom acknowledgement and relief is a primary goal, the emphasis for the nurse clinician remains on the person, not the symptom. Effective symptom management is dependent on hearing and attending to the lifeworld of the client.Conclusion. Attending to key areas of influence in the interaction process facilitates the achievement of desired outcomes in symptom management – accurate diagnosis, symptom relief, and agreement on a course of action. The dominance of chronic illness in health care, and the centrality of the symptom experience underscores the value of sensitizing nurses to these issues.