bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heparin causes partial removal of glomerular antigen deposits by a mechanism independent of its anticoagulant properties
Authors: Furness Peter N. , Drakeley Simon 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have previously reported that heparin can enhance the removal of antigen from the glomeruli of rats with chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis. We have performed two studies to investigate the relevance of anticoagulation to this effect. The first experiment was essentially a repeat of those described before, but instead of using heparin, anticoagulation was achieved using Ancrod, which causes depletion of fibrinogen. The amount of antigen in the glomeruli of these rats at the end of the experiment did not differ from controls. In the second experiment, both kidneys were excised from rats with glomerulonephritis induced by a radiolabelled cationic antigen. Of each pair of kidneys, one was perfused for 30 min at 5 ml/min with Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) at 37°C. The other was perfused with HBSS to which a total of 4500 units of heparin had been added. The antigen content of isolated glomeruli was subsequently measured. In every case, the kidney perfused with heparin had less antigen per glomerulus than the control contralateral kidney. The ability of heparin to enhance removal of glomerular immune complex deposits is therefore not mediated by anticoagulation.
Epidermotropism of T cells correlates with intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAMI) expression in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐induced lesions
Authors: Viac J. , Chardonnet Y. , Euvrard S. , Schmitt D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAdhesion molecules play an important role in inflammatory reactions. Among them, ICAM1, a ligand for the lymphocyte function‐associated antigen (FLA1) of leucocytes, may be expressed by antigen‐presenting cells and keratinocytes in various inflammatory disorders. As cell‐mediated immune responses play a great role in HPV infections, we investigated the expression of ICAM1 and correlated it with the presence of LFA1‐positive cells by immunohistochemistry on serial frozen sections of a series of non‐regressing cutaneous and mucosal HPV‐induced lesions. ICAM1 expression by keratinocytes was observed only in intensely infiltrated lesions of condylomas and laryngeal papillomas. Its induction was usually correlated with the presence of LFA1‐positive cells (mainly CD8‐positive cells) which were in close apposition to ICAM1‐positive proliferative epithelial cells expressing also, in some cases, HLA‐DR antigen. ICAM1 was not correlated with the presence of HPV DNA or viral antigen. In moderately infiltrated lesions, keratinocytes did not express ICAM1, and LFA1 ‐positive cells were not observed in the epidermis. In all lesions, ICAM1 was more intense on endothelial cells than in normal skin; infiltrating cells (lymphocytes and dendritic cells) may also express this antigen but intraepithelial Langerhans cells were devoid of anylabelling. These studies provide further evidence that T‐lymphocyte mechanisms are important in the host response to HPV‐induced lesions. ICAM1 expression correlates with a lesional infiltrate but not with HPV infection and probably results in a more efficient initiation of the immune reaction.
Histological preservation after in situ hybridization to archival solid tumour sections allows discrimination of cells bearing numerical chromosome changes
Authors: Van Dekken H. , Kerstens H. M. J. , Tersteeg T. A. , Verhofstad A. A. J. , Vooijs G. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study, non‐isotopic in situ hybridization (ISH) was used for the cytogenetic and histological examination of urological (prostatic adenocarcinoma) and endocrine (phaeochromocytoma) tumour cell nuclei in 4μm paraffinembedded tissue sections. In order to investigate preservation of tissue morphology, standard heat denaturation was compared with a mild enzymatic treatment for the production of singletranded (ss)‐DNA for ISH. Numerical analysis by ISH with chromosome‐specific repetitive DNA probes for chromosomes 1, 7, and 11 revealed overrepresentation of chromosome 7 in the phaeochromocytoma (P < 0·01). The constitutional underrepresentation of the Y chromosome was easily detected in the prostate tumour (P < 0·01) when probed for chromosomes 7, 16, and Y. The enzymatic treatment appeared superior to heat denaturation with respect to tissue architecture in the phaeochromocytoma, while no clear difference was observed in the prostatic cancer. ISH probe patterns were similar for the two types of denaturation in both tumours (P≥ 0·20). We conclude that (1) ISH can be used for the identification of numerical cytogenetic changes in solid tumour cell nuclei within archival tissue sections; and (2) mild ‘denaturation’ protocols, replacing heat, are preference in retaining tissue architecture in fragile tumour specimens.
Polycystic kidney disease in the CBA/N immunodeficient mouse
Authors: Rahilly Maeve A. , Samuel Kay , Ansell J. D. , Micklem H. S. , Fleming S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe a polycystic lesion of the kidney in the CBA/N mouse with an X‐linked recessive immunodeficient syndrome. There is progressive cystic dilatation affecting all parts of the nephron. The cyst lining is composed of a single layered epithelium with focal nuclear crowding and the formation of micropapillary structures. The cystic epithelial ceils show subnuciear vacuolation. Focal basement membrane thickening is also a feature. There is no significant inflammatory infiltrate present within these kidneys. Electron microscopic examination reveals that the subnuciear vacuolation is due to loss of the membrane infoldings at the basal pole of the epithelial cell with fluid accumulation within the extracellular space. The basement membrane thickening is due to expansion of the lamina densa. These changes are not present at birth but develop progressively with age. The finding of a polycystic kidney lesion in these mice offers an opportunity to investigate the relationship between the immune system and renal cyst formation.
PrP protein is associated with follicular dendritic cells of spleens and lymph nodes in uninfected and scrapie‐infected mice
Authors: McBride Patricia A. , Eikelenboom Piet , Kraal Georg , Fraser Hugh , Bruce Moira E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAbnormal forms of a host protein, PrP, accumulate in the central nervous system in scrapie‐affected animals. Here, PrP protein was detected immunocytochemically in tissue sections of spleen, lymph node, Peyer's patches, thymus, and pancreas from uninfected mice and from mice infected with a range of mouse‐passaged scrapie strains and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In the spleen, lymph node and Peyer's patches, PrP‐positive cells were identified as follicular dendritic cells (FDC) by their location, appearance, and immune complex trapping function, whereas in the thymus they appeared to be two types of stromal cells: interdigitating cells (IDC) and cortical epithelial cells. In pancreas, PrP‐containing cells were confined to the islets of Langerhans. Although the distribution of PrP immunola belling was the same in tissues from scrapie‐affected and uninfected mice, there was evidence that PrP accumulated in abnormal forms in FDC of infected mice. If, as is likely, PrP is essential for agent replication, our results suggest that FDC are the site of scrapie and BSE replication in the spleen and lymph node.
The relationship between wall tension, lamellar thickness, and intercellular junctions in the fetal and adult aorta: Its relevance to the pathology of dissecting aneurysm
Authors: Berry Colin L. , Sosa‐Melgarejo Jorge A. , Greenwald Stephen E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt is known that the distribution of stress and strain in the vessel wall is not uniform. We believe that this explains the location of the plane of dissection in dissecting aneurysms of large elastic arteries. We have investigated the effects of non‐uniformity of stress and strain on the thickness of each elastic lamella and on the distribution of intercellular junctions in the media of developing and adult rats, to seek evidence to support this hypothesis. Intercellular junctions were identified by transmission electron microscopy of whole wail sections. A morphomeiric study of elastic tissue distribution was made on an image analysis computer. Differences were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance.There are between six and eight elastic lamellae in the aorta of rats. In the fetus, only the internal elastic lamella is complete; the others were not fully formed by term. In the adult, the inner five elastic lamellae were thicker than the remaining two or three, and smooth muscle cells in the thicker lamellar units had more cell‐cell contacts of all types examined. These data support the concept of a difference in stress‐resisting properties of the aortic wall on the junctions between the inner two‐thirds and the outer third of the media.The findings indicate that, as proposed in theoretical models the innermost lamellae support the high tension. In the adult aorta, the structure is modified to enhance the capacity to resist stress in the internal two‐thirds of the media. This leaves a clear change in form at the junction with the external third of media, where tearing might be expected with exposure to high levels of stress. We suggest that this is critical in the location of aortic dissections.
Immunohtstochemical analysis of the p53 oncoprotein on paraffin sections using a series of novel monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Bártek Jiřía , Bártková jiřina , Lukáš Jiří , Stašková Zdenka , Vojtěšek Bořivoj , Lane David P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlterations of the p53 tumour suppressor gene are considered critical events in multistage carcinogenesis of a wide range of human cancers. In an attempt to elucidate the role of various p53 mutations in tumorigenesis and to investigate their relationship to the p53 protein accumulation and subcellular localization, we have raised a new series of 21 mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to human recombinant p53. The new MAbs (designated the Bp53 series) appear to recognize mainly denaturation‐resistant epitopes in immunoblotting and the majority of them are suitable for immunostaining of p53 in cultured cells and frozen sections. Furthermore, at least three MAbs (Bp53‐11, Bp53‐12, and Bp53‐28) proved to be reliable reagents for immunohistochemistry on paraffin‐embedded specimens. The immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin sections from 118 human tumours of various histogeneses with Bp53‐11 and Bp53‐12 showed nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein in variable proportion of tumour cells in 76 cases (64 per cent). The influence of three parameters of tissue processing (type of fixative, period of fixation, and duration of autolysis) on p53 protein detection was also investigated. The results of this study provide the necessary basis for wider application of these novel MAbs as tools in both routine hisiopathology and functional analyses of the p53 oncoprotein.
Electron microscopy of rectal biopsies in HIV‐positive individuals
Authors: Blanshard C. , Ellis D. S. , Tovey G. , Gazzard B. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of 83 rectal biopsies was examined by electron microscopy (EM), 78 from HIV‐seropositive patients (64 with diarrhoea, 9 with weight loss, and 5 asymptomatic) and 5 from controls without risk factors for HIV infection. Although EM identified the likely cause of the diarrhoea in only nine cases, the majority of symptomatic HIV‐seropositive patients had abnormal biopsies including the presence of tubuloreticular structures, loss of microvilli, and oedema and disruption of autonomic nerves. Neuronal abnormalities were particularly common in patients with cryptosporidiosis, but no ultrastructural marker was specific to ‘pathogen‐negative’ diarrhoea.
Ultrastructural aspects of tumour invasion in the central nervous system
Authors: McGrady B. J. , McCormick D. F. , Toner P. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTumour invasion in the central nervous system (CNS) was studied using a mouse melanoma cell model. Attention was concentrated on the third ventricle as this site is distant from any implantation artefact. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of tumour cell aggregates within the ventricle. Underlying ependymal cells showed loss of cilia and microvilli. Progressive thinning of the ependymal cells took place until continuity of the ependyma was lost through ependymal retraction. Tumour cells were then in direct contact with sub‐ependymal neuroglial processes. Further invasion was then accomplished by penetration between neuropil processes, followed by tumour cell infiltration along the intact basement membrane of cerebral capillaries with displacement of astrocyte foot processes from the capillary basement membrane.
Experimental adriamycin nephropathy. Fine structure, morphometry, glomerular polyanion, and cell membrane antigens
Authors: Rossmann P. , Matoušovic K. , Bohdaneck M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo doses of adriamycin (2 mg/kg i.v.) were administered to young adult rats with a 22‐day interval and the kidneys were examined 51, 79, and 107 days after the first injection. Light microscopy showed early prominent intraglomerular microcystic spaces and progressive, though not severe, segmental glomerulosclerosis with focal interstitial scarring and round‐cell infiltration. The main features of the ultrastructure were widespread fusion of foot processes, focal cytoplasmic rarefaction of podocytes, and non‐specific sclerosis of the mesangium without signs of severe degenerative changes or mesangiolysis. The Segmental microcystic structures corresponded to agglomerted intrapodocytic vacuoles. The scatter of glomerular polyanion sites visualized by polyethylenimine–phosphotungstic acid resembled that of control animals but the quantitative assessment revealed a significant reduction. CD4‐positive cells were the predominant element of the interstitial infiltrates. Most of the infiltrating cells expressed Ia antigens, whereas la‐positive intraglomerular resident mononuclear cells were depleted. The adriamycin lesion resembles the post‐five‐sixths nephrectomy ablation nephropathy in the subpopulations of the interstitial infiltrate but differs from it in the reduction of intraglomerular resident macrophages, the absence of destructive mesangial damage, and reduced segmental glomerulosclerosis. The main feature is the prolonged damage of podocytes, especially of their cytoskeletal system.
Abnormal expression of MHC class II and ICAM‐1 by melanocytes in vitiligo
Authors: Al Badri Adnan M. T. , Foulis Alan K. , Todd Pamela M. , Garioch Jennifer J. , Gudgeon Janet E. , Stewart D. Graeme , Gracie J. Alastair , Goudie Robert B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe relationship between damage to cutaneous melanocytes and antimelanocyte autoimmunity in vitiligo is unclear. We have demonstrated abnormal expression of MHC class II molecules by perilesional melanocytes in 13/21 patients with vitiligo and a six‐fold increase in the number expressing the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM‐1. These molecules have important roles in normal antigen presentation and activation of helper T lymphocytes, and their expression by melanocytes may contribute to the abnormal immune response in vitiligo. MHC class II is not expressed by melanocytes in psoriasis and is unlikely to be induced in vitiligo by cytokines released from activated non‐melanocyte‐specific T lymphocytes.
Ultrastructural features of fetal erythroid precursors infected with parvovirus B19 in vitro: Evidence of cell death by apoptosis
Authors: Morey Adrienne L. , Ferguson David J. P. , Fleming Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman parvovirus B19 cannot be cultured in standard cell lines and relatively little is known about the intracellular life‐cycle of the virus. In this study, ultrastructural features of B19 infection were examined using haemopoietic cell suspension cultures derived from human fetal liver. Erythroblasts from infected cultures frequently contained crystalline arrays of both full and empty virus‐like particles. The number and size of these arrays increased with the duration of culture, and their location changed from exclusively nuclear at 24 h post‐infection to both nuclear and cytoplasmic at 3 days post‐infection. Arrays were occasionally found in cytoplasmic protuberances which appeared to be pinching off from the cell. The location of the arrays corresponded to the distribution of viral capsid protein determined by immunolabelling at the light microscope level. Cells containing viral crystalline arrays also exhibited nucleolar degeneration, extreme margination of the nuclear heterochromatin, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. These features are typical of cells undergoing individual programmed cell death or ‘apoptosis’. The triggering of apoptosis in erythroid precursors by parvovirus B19 may help to explain the apparent lack of a strong inflammatory response to fetal B19 infection and may have implications for understanding the mechanisms of viral spread throughout the host.
AgNOR counts have no prognostic value in breast cancer
Authors: Toikkanen Sakari , Joensuuf Heikki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe prognostic significance of silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) was retrospectively studied among 230 patients with operable invasive breast cancer from a defined urban population. The number of AgNORs was evaluated from routinely processed paraffin sections by light microscopy at a total magnificiation of × 630. The number of AgNORs had no predictive value on the 8‐year survival rate corrected for intercurrent deaths (P= 0.2). A high number of AgNORs (<2.7, the median value) was not related to any other prognostic variable studied except a low S‐phase fraction measured by flow cytometry. AgNOR counting does not appear to be a useful prognostic variable in breast cancer.
Immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements in primary brain lymphomas. A study using PCR to amplify CDR‐III
Authors: Albrecht Steffen , Bruner Janet M. , Segall Gary K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrimary brain lymphomas (PBLs) have only rarely been analysed for immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) rearrangements. In this study, DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks in 23 cases of PBL and examined for IgH rearrangements using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the complementarity‐determining region III (CDR‐III) of rearranged IgH genes. Fifteen of the cases were phenotyped on paraffin‐embedded tissue using a pan‐B and pan‐T antibody (L26 and UCHL‐1, respectively). The remaining eight cases were not phenotyped for lack of tissue. For comparison, we used DNA extracted from paraffin blocks of normal brain, lymph nodes with lymphoid hyperplasia, and non‐lymphoid malignancies. PCR products were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Among the ten B‐cell PBL; four had a pattern indicative of IgH rearrangement, one had a germline pattern, and five had no detectable PCR products. Among the five T‐cell PBLs, one had a germline pattern and four had no detectable products. Among the eight untyped PBLs, two had IgH rearrangement, four had a germline pattern, and two gave no detectable products. DNA from non‐lymphoid tissues gave a consistent germline pattern, while DNA from polyclonal lymphoid populations (lymph node) had a pattern of polyclonal IgH rearrangement. In a dilution study, a clonal rearrangement could be detected as long as the clone's DNA constituted at least 10 per cent of the total DNA. PCR to amplify CDR‐III can be successfully applied to DNA extracted from paraffin blocks, and it detected a clonal rearrangement in 50 per cent of cases that gave a detectable pattern. This allows clonality analysis of tissue unsuitable for conventional Southern blot analysis. Furthermore, B‐cell PBLs have IgH rearrangements similar to those of extracranial B‐cell neoplasms.
A novel monoclonal antibody (FUN‐1) identifies an activation antigen in cells of the B‐cell lineage and Reed—Sternberg cells
Authors: Nozawa Yoshihiro , Wachi Eiko , Tominaga Kunihiko , Abe Masafumi , Wakasa Haruki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe characterization of a new monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing a human B‐cell activation antigen, designated FUN‐1, is described in this paper. Immunoprecipitation revealed that FUN‐1 recognizes an antigen with a molecular weight (MW) of 75 kD. FUN‐1 reacts with pokeweed mitogen‐activated B lymphocytes and monocytes of peripheral blood, but not with unstimulated lymphocytes or granulocytes. It also reacts with large lymphoid cells in germinal centres, Epstein–Barr virus‐transformed B cell lines, large B‐cell lymphomas, Ki‐1‐positive anaplastic largecell lymphomas, and Reed–Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease, but not with Concanavalin A‐activated T cells, acute lymphoblastic leukaemias, T‐cell lymphomas, or low‐grade B‐cell leukaemias. These findings indicate that FUN‐1 recognizes a previously unreported B‐cell activation antigen. This MoAb appears to be useful for the study of maturation and differentiation in the B‐cell lineage as well as for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of B‐cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease.
Immunoreactive transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Christensen Maria E. , Therkildsen Marianne H. , Poulsen Steen S. , Bretlau Poul 
Published: June 2005

AbstractForty oral squamous cell carcinomas have been investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐α) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). The same cases were recently characterized for the expression of EGF‐receptors. TGF‐α was detected with a monoclonal mouse antibody and EGF with polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Thirty‐five of the tumours were positive for TGF‐α and 26 of the tumours for EGF. None of the poorly differentiated tumours was positive for EGF, but they all were for TGF‐α. In sections including normal differentiated oral mucosa, the cells above the basal cell layer were positive for both TGF‐α and EGF. The same staining pattern was observed in oral mucosa obtained from healthy persons. In moderately to well differentiated carcinomas, the immunoreactivity was mainly confined to the cytologically more differentiated cells, thus paralleling the situation observed in the normal differentiated oral mucosa. In four cases, material was available from both a primary tumour and a metastasis. Three of these were positive for TGF‐α and EGF with the same staining pattern as that of the primary tumours. This investigation together with our previous results confirms the existence of TGF‐α, EGF, and EGF‐receptors in the majority of oral squamous cell carcinomas and their metastases.