bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of cytokine production in stored platelet concentrate aliquots by photochemical treatment with psoralen plus ultraviolet A light
Authors: Hei Derek J. , Grass Joshua A. , Lin Lily , Corash Laurence , Cimino George D. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Cytokines generated in platelet concentrates (PCs) during storage have been implicated as possible mediators of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Two potential methods of white cell inactivation were compared for their ability to reduce cytokine synthesis in pooled random‐donor PC aliquots: treatment with γ‐radiation and photochemical treatment (PCT) using psoralens and ultraviolet A light.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: ABO‐matched PC aliquots were pooled and divided into separate aliquots. Aliquots (20 mL) were taken from each pool to serve as an untreated control and to undergo γ‐radiation. Aliquots were treated by using either γ‐radiation (2500 or 5000 cGy) or virucidal PCT. PCT with the psoralens 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP), aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen (AMT), and S‐59 was investigated. PC aliquots were stored for 7 days and analyzed for levels of interleukin 8 by use of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of DNA adduct formation were determined by using 3H‐labeled psoralens.RESULTS: Levels of interleukin 8 in the untreated random‐donor PC aliquots increased with increasing white cell counts, but they were not affected by pooling. The untreated control aliquots and the aliquots treated with γ‐radiation had significant increases in levels of interleukin 8 after 5 to 7 days of storage (p<0.05). PCT with S‐59 resulted in a significant reduction in cytokine synthesis (p<0.05). Day 5 to 7 levels of interleukin 8 did not differ significantly from Day 0 levels. Inhibition of interleukin 8 production by PCT increased with increasing levels of DNA modification (S‐59 > AMT > 8‐MOP).CONCLUSION: PCT that utilizes S‐59 has been developed to inactivate potential viral and bacterial pathogens in PC aliquots while maintaining in vitro platelet function. These data demonstrate that PCT of aliquots of pooled PC aliquots before storage also prevents white cell cytokine synthesis during storage. PCT may therefore offer the potential for reducing cytokine‐associated febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions.
Trypanosoma cruzi in a low‐ to moderate‐risk blood donor population: seroprevalence and possible congenital transmission
Authors: Leiby David A. , Fucci Mei‐Chien Huang , Stumpf Robert J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Several recent studies documented the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in blood donors at high risk for infection, but little information is available regarding donors with lower levels of risk. Thus, the present study was designed to measure the seroprevalence of T. cruzi in a donor population with a low to moderate risk for infection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: During a 10‐month period, donations from all allogeneic blood donors in the American Red Cross Southwest Region were tested for T. cruzi antibodies by enzyme immunoassay, and results were confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation. Confirmed‐seropositive donors were counseled and lookback investigations were initiated for those who were repeat donors.RESULTS: A total of 100,089 donations were tested: 150 were repeatably reactive, and 3 (0.003%) were confirmed as positive for T. cruzi antibodies. All three seropositive donors were from the Waco, TX, area, where the estimated seroprevalence rate was 1 in 7700. Two of these three donors reported no risk factors; both were born in the United States and had not traveled to an endemic area. Both had extensive familial histories of cardiac disease and complications.CONCLUSION: Blood donors seropositive for T. cruzi are present in populations with low to moderate risk, albeit at lower rates. The presence of seropositive blood donors without the usual identifiable risk factors argues against the use of a geographic screening question and also suggests that other routes of transmission, including the congenital route, should be considered in efforts to increase blood safety.
Changes in serum osteocalcin and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase are associated with bone pain in donors receiving granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor for peripheral blood stem and progenitor cell collection
Authors: Froberg M. Kent , Garg Uttam C. , Stroncek David F. , Geis Michael , McCullough Jeffrey , Brown David M. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G–CSF) has been used to increase the number of CD34+ peripheral blood stem and progenitor cells collected by apheresis for use in autologous or allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation. The most frequent side effect of G–CSF treatment is bone pain, which occurs in over 80 percent of healthy progenitor cell donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The possible mechanism of bone pain was investigated by measuring serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in seven healthy progenitor cell donors treated with human recombinant G–CSF administered subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days.RESULTS: All seven patients experienced bone pain during the treatment period. Serum levels of OC, BAP, ACP, and TRAP were measured in blood samples drawn on Days 0, 4, 5, 6, and 14. Levels of BAP were increased (p<0.05) over baseline on Days 4, 5, and 6, while those of OC decreased on Days 4, 5, and 6 (p<0.05). No significant changes occurred in ACP or TRAP levels. OC and BAP are considered markers of bone formation (osteoblast activity), and they correlate in many patients with metabolic bone disorders. The pattern of increased BAP and decreased OC has been reported in patients with osteolytic bone metastases.CONCLUSION: G–CSF treatment in healthy stem and progenitor cell donors may affect osteoblastic activity, and this activity may be associated with bone pain.
B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines as a source of reference DNA for human platelet and neutrophil antigen genotyping
Authors: Carl B. , Kroll H. , Bux J. , Bein G. , Santoso S. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Human platelet and neutrophil antigens (HPAs, HNAs) are targets for platelet or granulocyte antibodies causing immune thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, respectively. Currently, genotyping is replacing phenotyping as the preferred method of diagnosis of immune cytopenia. To establish a reliable genotyping analysis, however, the availability as reference DNA of genomic DNA from persons of known genotype is essential.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: By the use of Epstein‐Barr virus transformation, panels of B‐lympho‐blastoid cell lines (B‐LCLs) from HPA‐ and HNA‐phenotyped individuals were developed. Genomic DNA was isolated from these cell lines and tested as reference DNA for genotyping of persons for HPAs and HNAs.RESULTS: DNA derived from these B‐LCLs was typed by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and ‐sequence‐specific primers. The results were in accordance with the genotyping from peripheral blood cells. These results were confirmed by 24 laboratories in Germany in a blind study.CONCLUSION: The inexhaustible source of reference DNA derived from B‐LCLs allowed the evaluation of reliable HPA and HNA genotyping for quality control purposes. It should facilitate the development of DNA typing in blood centers and clinical laboratories.
A prospective, randomized, sequential crossover trial oflarge‐volume versus normal‐volume leukapheresis procedures:effects on serum electrolytes, platelet counts, and other coagulation measures
Authors: Humpe A. , Riggert J. , Munzel U. , Köhler M. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: LVL procedures with the administration of heparin as an additional anticoagulant are increasingly performed because of the potentially higher yield of autologous peripheral blood HPCs. A prospective, randomized crossover trial was performed to evaluate the influence of leukapheresis volume—that is, large versus normal—on serum electrolytes, platelet count, and other coagulation measures in 25 patients with breast cancer and 14 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to start either with an LVL on Day 1 followed by a normal‐volume leukapheresis (NVL) on Day 2 or vice versa. In LVL, heparin was administered in addition to ACD‐A. Bleeding complications, transfusion support, whole‐blood counts, and several coagulation measures as well as plasma heparin levels were evaluated.RESULTS: Although the duration, the infused amount of ACD‐A, the flow rate, the drop in platelet count, and the drop in potassium were significantly greater in LVL, and although LVL patients also received heparin, there was no significant difference in clinical tolerance or bleeding complications. After LVL, patients exhibited a significantly longer activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), with a median of 70 seconds (range, 44–100 sec), and a median anti‐factor Xa activity of 0.69 IU per mL (range, 0.10–1.29 IU/mL). The value of the APTT after LVL correlated with anti‐factor Xa activity (r = 0.37, p<0.05), but not with platelet count or heparin infusion rate. Markers for coagulation activation did not increase during NVL or LVL.CONCLUSION: LVL with heparin as an additional anticoagulant seems to be a safe procedure in patients with low preleukapheresis platelet counts. No activation of coagulation occurred after NVL or LVL procedures.
Variations in genes encoding neutrophil antigens NA1 and NA2
Authors: Matsuo K. , Procter J. , Stroncek D. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil‐specific antigens NA1 and NA2 are located on Fcγ receptor IIIb (FcγRIIIb). NA1 and NA2 forms of FcγRIIIb differ by four amino acids and the corresponding genes by five nucleotides. Variations in NA gene frequencies are encountered among ethnic groups. Altered forms of the genes are expected among individuals.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RFLPs associated with four recognition sites were used to determine NA genotypes of 232 individuals. When atypical NA genotypes were identified, FcγRIIIB and FcγRIIIA regions were sequenced.RESULTS: NA1 FcγRIIIB frequency in 100 Japanese (0.66) was greater than that in 53 African Americans (blacks) (0.40; p<0.01) and 79 whites (0.32; p<0.001). Sequencing of atypical FcγRIIIB in 16 people confirmed that four blacks had G→A substitutions at 227; 7 blacks had A→G substitutions at 277; and 1 Japanese person had C→G at 141 and G→T at 227. A at 227 and G at 277 represent expected nts of NA1 FcγRIIIB. One black had an NA1 FcγRIIIB with a G→A substitution at 349; A is normally found in NA2 FcγRIIIB at 349. Sequencing atypical FcγRIIIA in three persons revealed that two blacks had G→A substitutions at 277 plus C→A substitutions at 266 and 1 white had previously described T→G at 230. Two blacks with atypical NA2 FcγRIIIB had T→G FcγRIIIA at 230. One black was NAnull.CONCLUSION : NA2 FcγRIIIB is more polymorphic in blacks than in whites or Japanese persons. Chimeric FcγRIIIB alleles are most similar to NA2 FcγRIIIB. One alternate allele of NA1 (NA1*02) and four alternate alleles of NA2 (NA2*02, NA2*03, NA2*04, and NA2*05) are described.
l‐carnitine decreases glycolysis in liquid‐stored platelets
Authors: Sweeney Joseph D. , Blair Abbe‐Jane , Cheves Tracey A. , Dottori Secondo , Arduini Arduino 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The platelet storage lesion is characterized metabolically by a pH decrease associated with lactic acid generation; a change in platelet morphology from discoid to spherical; a diminished response to in vitro challenge tests, such as the hypotonic shock response (HSR) and extent of shape change (ESC); increased surface P‐selectin expression; and decreased in vivo recovery and survival. Altering storage conditions to improve these measures could allow for extension of the duration of in vitro storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: ABO‐identical paired platelet concentrates were pooled and then equally divided into two plastic bags. Either l‐carnitine (LC) or an equal volume of saline (control) was added to one container of each pair. Platelets were stored at 20 to 24°C for 5 to 10 days or at 1 to 6°C for 5 days at various concentrations of LC between 0.1 and 15 mM. At the end of storage, pH, glucose consumption, lactate generation, HSR, ESC, and surface P‐selectin expression were measured. In different experiments, paired platelet concentrates were spiked with a Staphylococcus epidermidis suspension in the presence and absence of l‐carnitine at a concentration of 5 mM.RESULTS: At 20 to 24°C and concentrations of LC between 0.1 and 5 mM, there was evidence of better pH preservation, less glucose consumption, and less lactate generation. Only with storage beyond 5 days was a difference present in either surface P‐selectin expression or HSR. An l‐carnitine concentration of 5 mM appeared optimal. l‐carnitine did not enhance the growth of bacteria after 7 to 8 days of storage.CONCLUSION: LC at 5 mM may improve the quality of platelet concentrates that are stored beyond 5 days. There was no indication that LC at this concentration would promote bacterial growth. it may be a useful additive to platelet preservation.
PBPC mobilization with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and G‐CSF with or without amifostine: results of a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Rick Oliver , Schwella Nimrod , Beyer Jörg , Dubiel Mark , Krusch Andreas , Hildebrandt Martin , Schleicher Jan , Serke Stefan , Siegert Wolfgang 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The impact of amifostine on PBPC mobilization with paclitaxel and ifosfamide plus G‐CSF was assessed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty patients with a median age of 34 years (range, 19‐53) who had germ cell tumor were evaluated for high‐dose chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a single 500‐mg dose of amifostine (Group A, n = 20) or no amifostine (Group B, n = 20) before mobilization chemotherapy with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) given over 3 hours and ifosfamide (5 g/m2) given over 24 hours (TI) on Day 1. G‐CSF at 10 μg per kg per day was given subsequent to TI with or without amifostine from Day 3 until the end of leukapheresis procedures.RESULTS : In 2 (10%) of 20 patients receiving amifostine and 3 (15%) of 20 patients not receiving it, no PBPC separation was performed because of mobilization failure. No significant differences were observed in the study arms with regard to the time from chemotherapy until first PBPC collection or the number of apheresis procedures needed to harvest more than 2.5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg. Furthermore, leukapheresis procedures yielded comparable doses of CD34+ cells per kg (3.4 × 106 vs. 3.6 × 106; p = 0.82), MNCs per kg (2.7 × 108 vs. 2.6 × 108; p = 0.18), and CFU‐GM per kg (15.9 × 104 vs. 19.3 × 104; p = 0.20). Patients in Group A had higher numbers of circulating CD34+ cells on Day 10 (103.0/μL vs. 46.8/μL; p = 0.10) and on Day 11 (63.0/μL vs.14.3/μL; p = 0.04) than did patients in Group B.CONCLUSION: Administration of a single dose of amifostine before chemotherapy with TI mobilized higher numbers of CD34 cells in the circulation, but did not enhance the overall collection efficiency in the present trial.
Hyperhemolytic transfusion reaction in sickle cell disease
Authors: Win Nay , Doughty Heidi , Telfer Paul , Wild Barbara J. , Pearson T.C. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: An atypical form of life‐threatening hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) has been well described in the literature. Continuation of blood transfusion may be lethal, as it can further exacerbate hemolysis. The pathophysiologic mechanism of HTR is not well understood.CASE REPORTS: Two cases of severe HTR in SCD after the transfusion of compatible RBC units are reported. Hemolysis of both autologous and transfused cells was documented in Case 1 by urine Hb high‐performance liquid chromotography. Multispecific HLA antibodies were identified in Case 1. Reticulocytopenia was noted in both cases during the acute hemolytic process. This was followed by a rise in reticulocyte count during receipt of IVIG and steroid therapy. Bone marrow examination during reticulocytopenia in Case 2 showed erythroid hyperplasia.CONCLUSION: In SCD, both mature sickle cells and sickle reticulocytes adhere more readily to macrophages. In view of the bone marrow aspiration results, it appears that the recipients' HbS cells are destroyed by hyperactive macrophages and that the reticulocytopenia observed during HTR is likely to be due to peripheral consumption (i.e., destruction by macrophages), rather than suppression of erythropoiesis. Cessation of hemolysis during IVIG and steroid treatment may be due to IVIG's blocking of the adhesion of sickle cells and reticulocytes to macrophages, together with steroid suppression of macrophage activity.
Transfusion of incompatible RBCs to a patient with alloanti‐Kpb
Authors: Mazzara Roberto , Lozano Miguel , Salmerón Joan M. , Piera Carlos , Ribera Anna , Mas Antonio , Ordinas Antonio 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The finding of an antibody that reacts against a high‐incidence blood group antigen always constitutes a complex transfusion problem because of the difficulty in finding compatible units. When the transfusion of incompatible RBCs is imperative, it would be of great interest to have access to techniques facilitating the prediction of the transfusion outcome.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The case of a patient with alloanti‐Kpb who required RBC transfusions is reported. The functional activity of this antibody was assessed by both the chemiluminescence test (CLT) and the survival of 51Cr‐labeled RBCs.RESULTS : The CLT showed an opsonic index of 0.8 with Kpb‐positive RBCs (normal values up to 1.6) in pretransfusion studies. During an elective surgical procedure, the patient required the transfusion of one incompatible unit of RBCs, which did not produce hemolysis. Two weeks after this incompatible transfusion, the opsonic index had risen to 11. Results of the 51Cr in vivo study, also performed at that time, indicated 24.3 percent survival of Kpb‐positive RBCs at 60 minutes and 2.0 percent at 24 hours.CONCLUSION: Results of the CLT correlated with the in vivo transfusion outcome and later with the 51Cr survival study.
Uncontrolled‐rate freezing and storage at –80°C, with only3.5‐percent DMSO in cryoprotective solution for 109 autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantations
Authors: Halle Pascale , Tournilhac Olivier , Knopinska‐Posluszny Wanda , Kanold Justyna , Gembara Piotr , Boiret Nathalie , Rapatel Chantal , Berger Marc , Travade Philippe , Angielski Stephan , Bonhomme Jean , Deméocq Francois 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Although controlled‐rate freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen are the standard procedure for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) cryopreserva‐tion, uncontrolled‐rate freezing and storage at –80°C have been reported.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The prospective evaluation of 109 autologous PBPC transplantations after uncontrolled‐rate freezing and storage at –80°C of apheresis products is reported. The cryoprotectant solution contained final concentrations of 1‐percent human serum albumin, 2.5‐percent hydroxyethyl starch, and 3.5‐percent DMSO.RESULTS: With in vitro assays, the median recoveries of nucleated cells (NCs), CD34+ cells, CFU–GM, and BFU–E were 60.8 percent (range, 11.2‐107.1%), 79.6 percent (6.3‐158.1%), 35.6 percent (0.3‐149.5%), and 32.6 percent (1.7‐151.1%), respectively. The median length of storage was 7 weeks (range, 1‐98). The median cell dose, per kg of body weight, given to patients after the preparative regimen was 6.34 × 108 NCs (range, 0.02‐38.3), 3.77 × 106 CD34+ cells (0.23‐58.5), and 66.04 × 104 CFU–GM (1.38‐405.7). The median time to reach 0.5 × 109 granulocytes per L, 20 × 109 platelets per L, and 50 × 109 reticulocytes per L was 11 (range, 0‐37), 11 (0‐129), and 17 (0‐200) days, respectively. Hematopoietic reconstitution did not differ in patients undergoing myeloablative or nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens before transplantation.CONCLUSION: This simple and less expensive cryopreservation procedure can produce successful engraftment, comparable to that obtained with the standard storage procedure.
Kinetics of PBPC mobilization by cyclophosphamide, as compared with that by epirubicin/paclitaxel followed by G–CSF support: implications for optimal timing of PBPC harvest
Authors: Dettke Markus , Greinix Hildegard T. , Kalhs Peter , Kührer Irene , Worel Nina , Höcker Paul 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on the mobilization kinetics of autologous PBPCs after induction with various chemotherapy regimens. With PBPC mobilization in patients with breast cancer used as a model for chemotherapy‐induced PBPC recruitment, the kinetics of progenitor cells mobilized either with cyclophosphamide (CY) or epirubicin/paclitaxel (EPI‐TAX) followed by the administration of G–CSF was compared.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included a total of 86 patients with breast cancer (stage II‐IV) receiving either CY (n = 39) or EPI‐TAX (n = 47), both followed by G–CSF support. The progenitor cell content in peripheral blood and apheresis components was monitored by flow cytometric enumeration of CD34+ cells. PBPC collection was started when the threshold of >20 × 106 CD34+ cells per L of peripheral blood was reached.RESULTS: The PBPC collection was begun a median of 9 days after the administration of EPI‐TAX followed by G–CSF support, as compared to a median of 13 days after mobilization with CY plus G–CSF. After treatment with CY, the total numbers of PBPCs peaked on Day 1 of apheresis, and they rapidly declined thereafter. In contrast, treatment with EPI‐TAX followed by G–CSF administration led to a steady mobilization of CD34+ cells during leukapheresis. The difference in the mobilization patterns with CY and EPI‐TAX resulted in a greater yield of CD34+ cells per L of processed blood volume. Compared to EPI‐TAX, mobilization with CY required the overall processing of 30 percent less whole‐blood volume to reach the target yield of ≥10 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg of body weight. After a median of three apheresis procedures, however, both CY+G–CSF and EPI‐TAX+G–CSF were equally effective in obtaining this target yield.CONCLUSION: These results imply that specific PBPC mobilization as part of a given chemotherapy regimen should be taken into consideration before the planning of a PBPC harvest.
Frequent presence of HBV in the sera of HBsAg‐negative, anti‐HBc‐positive blood donors
Authors: Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Yasuda Kiyomi , Moriya Kyoji , Shintani Yoshizumi , Fujie Hajime , Tsutsumi Takeya , Nojiri Noriyoshi , Juji Takeo , Hoshino Hiromi , Shimoda Kazumi , Hino Kunihiko , Kimura Satoshi , Iino Shiro , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have revealed that HBV may not be cleared even after the disappearance of serum HBsAg. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the replication of HBV persists in HBsAg‐negative blood donors who lack apparent liver disease.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum HBV was examined by using PCR coupled with Southern blotting in 50 blood donors who were identified to be HBsAg negative but anti‐HBc positive.RESULTS: HBV DNA was detected in the sera from 19 (38%) of 50 donors. In 11 of the 19, HBV existed exclusively as immune complexes, while HBV presumably did not exist as immune complexes in the remaining eight. The levels of HBV DNA were similar to those in patients who had recovered from acute HBV. Some nucleotide substitutions, which did not confer amino acid changes in the major epitope of HBsAg, were found in the preS‐S regions.CONCLUSION: The replication of HBV is ongoing in a substantial proportion of healthy blood donors who have anti‐HBc. Blood from such donors may contain very low levels of HBV free of immune complex formation and should be excluded for transfusion. The fact that such blood donors apparently lacked liver disease suggests no pathogenicity of such “occult” HBV.