bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric Threshold Estimation of Autocorrelated Statistics in Multivariate Statistical Process Monitoring
Authors: Grimm Taylor R. , Newhart Kathryn B. , Hering Amanda S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMultivariate statistical process monitoring is commonly used to detect abnormal process behavior in real time. Multiple process variables are monitored simultaneously, and alarms are issued when monitoring statistics exceed a predetermined threshold. Traditional approaches use a parametric threshold based on the assumptions of independence and multivariate normality of the process data, which are often violated in complex processes with high sampling frequencies, leading to excessive false alarms. Some approaches for improved threshold selection have been proposed, but they assume independence of the monitoring statistics, which are often autocorrelated. In this paper, we compare the performance of nonparametric estimators for computing thresholds from autocorrelated monitoring statistics through simulation. The false alarm rate and in‐control average run length of each estimator under different distributions, sample sizes, and autocorrelation levels and types are found. Estimator performance is found to depend on sample size and the strength of autocorrelation. The class of kernel density estimation (KDE) methods tends to perform better than estimators that use bootstrapping, and the proposed adjusted KDE methods that account for autocorrelation are recommended for general use. A case study to monitor a wastewater treatment facility further illustrates the performance of nonparametric and parametric thresholds when applied to real‐world systems.
Unser Energiedilemma – Gedanken und Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Bertau Martin , Hofmann Wilfried , Holze Rudolf , Kärger Jörg , Krautscheid Harald , Müller‐Bechtel Susanne , Scheffler Michael , Schirmer Uwe , Schmidt Christian 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDas Thema Energiewende ist äußerst komplex, beinhaltet eine Vielzahl an Energieumwandlungspfaden von Energiequellen bis zur Verwendung nutzbarer Energieformen und stellt allein mit seinen Kombinationsmöglichkeiten von Energiequellen und Energiewandlern und deren Kopplung eine extreme Herausforderung dar. Die Komplexität erhöht sich, wenn Sekundärenergieträger auch zur Stoffwandlung in der chemischen Industrie genutzt werden können und das nur kleine Zeitfenster zum Übergang von fossilen Energiequellen zu erneuerbaren Energiequellen Handlungsweisen erheblich einschränkt. Daraus resultieren überwiegend widersprüchliche Herangehensweisen, große Verunsicherung in der Gesellschaft und oft wenig zielführende Diskussionen. Der vorliegende Beitrag, der im Rahmen eines Symposiums der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig zum Thema entstanden ist, präsentiert einen Einblick in die Herkunft von Energie, in Wandlungstechnologien, beispielhaft auch in die hohe Komplexität elektrischer Versorgungsnetze, zeigt exemplarisch auf, wie Aufklärung in die Gesellschaft hinein geleistet werden kann und wirft die Frage auf, ob am etablierten Modell des Tausches von Arbeitszeit gegen Geld festgehalten werden kann oder ob die wichtige Frage der Energie in einem künftigen Modell zu berücksichtigen wäre.
Discovery of Hydrazine Clubbed Thiazoles as Potential Antidiabetic Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Kaya Betül , Tahtacı Hakan , Çiftçi Bilge , Duran Hatice Esra , Necip Adem , Işık Mesut , Beydemir Şükrü 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, hydrazine clubbed thiazole derivatives (3a–3j) were obtained by Hantzsch thiazole synthesis and characterized by MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The inhibitory potentials of the derivatives against diabetes‐related enzymes such as aldose reductase (AR), α‐glycosidase (α‐GLY), and α‐amylase (α‐AMY) were experimentally determined, and the results were supported by molecular docking. The results showed that the derivatives (3a–3j) displayed varied degree of potential inhibitory activity, with KI values covering the following ranges: 5.47 ± 0.53 to 23.89 ± 1.46 nM for AR and 1.76 ± 0.01 to 24.81 ± 0.15 μM for α‐GLY, and with IC50 values 4.94–28.17 μM for α‐AMY, as compared to standard epalrestat and acarbose (KI: 34.53 ± 2.52 nM for AR and 23.53 ± 2.72 μM for α‐GLY, respectively). The selective activity of these derivatives on antidiabetic enzymes may be important for the treatment of diabetes and may lead to the development of alternative new compounds for this purpose.
A 19th Century Stormwrecked Black‐Capped Petrel From Vermont Offers Insight Into Historical Vagrancy Processes
Authors: Patrick Oliver W. , Chalfin‐Jacobs Max , Lyu Arthur , Smith Jody , Foutch Ellery , Mychajliw Alexis M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSpecimens stored within museum collections are increasingly leveraged to reconstruct historical baselines to both decipher the legacies of past anthropogenic impacts and anticipate the consequences of future climate change on species distributions. However, the research significance of such collections can be severely constrained based on their curation histories, resulting in data being forgotten, if not lost entirely. In this Nature Note, we report the unexpected presence of a mislabeled Black‐capped Petrel (Pterodroma hasitata) specimen in the historical Middlebury College Vertebrate Natural History collection, potentially representing the rediscovery of a lost specimen reported from Vermont following the 1893 New York City Hurricane. We conducted archival research at multiple institutions to substantiate the reporting of a Black‐capped Petrel specimen that was “missing” from Vermont in 1893, as noted in the Vermont Breeding Bird Atlas. We further substantiated the 19th‐century age of this specimen through X‐ray fluorescence analysis of mercury and arsenic of more than 200 whole bird bodies and feathers across the majority of the Middlebury College collection as part of an environmental health and safety assessment. This record expands the known vagrant range of the Black‐capped Petrel. This research likewise highlights the critical role of small museum collections play in piecing together historical datasets and informing modern conservation, emphasizing the importance of their preservation and digitization.
Functional Traits and Phylogenetic Effects Drive Germination of Lemur‐Passed Seeds
Authors: DeSisto Camille M. M. , Zandry Zico , Feno Telesy , Zareiesafandabadi Borna , Randrianasy Jean , Tiamanana Jean , Randrianasolo Dominique , Rasolofo Manadina , Raveloson George , Zerimanana Franclin , Razafindratsima Onja , Herrera James P. , Poulsen John R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFrugivore‐mediated seed dispersal drives ecological functioning across tropical forests. The biological mechanisms affecting seed dispersal outcomes, as well as the role of specific functional traits in plants and their dispersers, is still not well understood. To address this gap, we conducted germination experiments in eight species of captive and two species of wild lemurs, which disperse different plant species. We (1) quantified the effects of pulp removal, seed priming, and feces effects (nutrient/microbial fertilization) through gut passage as mechanisms, (2) determined the effect of frugivore species on germination, and (3) assessed how individual plant and animal traits affected two seed germination outcomes: success rates and time‐to‐germination. Accounting for phylogenetic non‐independence of plants and estimating phylogenetic signal, we evaluated the effects of lemur gut passage and functional traits in a Bayesian framework. Seed priming during gut passage was the primary mechanism through which lemurs improved germination rates and decreased time‐to‐germination. Gut passage influenced the effect of seed length on germination probability but not time‐to germination. Germination outcomes varied by disperser species and seed size. Furthermore, seeds passed by male lemurs were 40% more likely to germinate than those passed by female lemurs. Germination probability was more similar for closely related plant species compared to those that were more distantly related, while the plant phylogenetic effects on time‐to‐germination were weaker. Moreover, germination depended on experimental setting; for example, lemur gut passage decreased time‐to‐germination in captive, but not wild settings. Our results highlight the complexity of biological mechanisms determining seed dispersal outcomes; ecological and evolutionary factors were important drivers of germination. Considering a diversity of potential effects is critical for advancing a mechanistic understanding of species interactions and their outcomes.
Cardiac magnetic resonance left atrioventricular coupling index as a prognostic tool in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wen Jinyang , Tu Junhao , Tao Xinwei , Tang Yuanyuan , Yang Zhaoxia , Pan Ziyi , Luo Yi , Xiang Chunlin , Tang Dazhong , Huang Lu , Xia Liming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsA novel marker left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) has been proved to be associated with cardiovascular events in patients without history of cardiovascular disease. However, the studies on cardiac magnetic resonance‐derived LACI in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients are limited, and the prognostic value of LACI has still not been studied thoroughly, so we aimed to explore the association between LACI and adverse clinical outcomes in HCM patients.MethodsA total of 206 HCM patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination were retrospectively enrolled. LACI is defined by the ratio between the left atrial (LA) volume and the left ventricular (LV) volume in LV end‐diastolic phase. The composite endpoint was categorized into death‐related, heart failure‐related, and arrhythmia‐related events, reflecting mortality risk, heart failure progression, and arrhythmia burden, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut‐off value for LACI to distinguish HCM patients at high risk of adverse clinical outcome. Multivariable Cox regression models were built including significant clinical variables, LA ejection fraction (LAEF), LA volume index (LAVI), late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) extent and LACI. The improvement of discrimination by adding LACI to a clinical model was assessed using C‐statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).ResultsThirty‐four HCM patients reached the endpoint during a median follow‐up time of 60 [interquartile range (50–68)] months. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, LACI [hazard ratio 1.054, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.037, 1.071; P < 0.001] was an independent predictor of the composite events after adjustment for age and atrial fibrillation. Then 40.09% was identified as an optimal cut‐off for LACI in the risk stratification. Integrating LACI to the clinical model yielded higher C‐statistic 0.892 with 95% CI (0.861, 0.922) compared with LA diameter, LAEF, LAVI and LGE extent, providing an improvement in prediction of high‐risk patients (NRI = 0.627, 95% CI: 0.112–0.934; IDI = 0.295, 95% CI: 0.016–0.709).ConclusionsLACI is an independent risk factor for clinical adverse outcome and is superior to conventional LA parameters and LGE extent for the identification of high‐risk HCM patients.
Optimal Beamforming for Covert Communication in MIMO Relay Systems
Authors: Zhu He , Wu Huihui , Shen Yulong , Jiang Xiaohong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the optimal beamforming design for covert communication in a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) relay system consisting of source, destination, relay and warden. For both scenarios when each transmitting node knows the perfect or partial warden's channel state information (CSI), we first develop theoretical models to depict the inherent relationship between the beamforming matrices at source/relay and end‐to‐end covert performance of the system regard the minimum detection error probability and covert capacity. Based on these models, we then formulate the optimal beamforming for covert capacity maximization under perfect and partial CSI as linear non‐convex (LNC) and non‐linear non‐convex (NLNC) optimization problems, respectively. We then apply Lagrangian and Hadamard inequality methods to solve the LNC optimization problem to determine the closed‐form expressions for the optimal beamforming matrices at source/relay, based on which a stochastic gradient descent algorithm is developed to evaluate the maximum covert capacity. For the complicated NLNC problem, we propose an efficient search algorithm based on S‐procedure lemma and interior point methods to identify the optimal beamforming matrices to reach the maximum covert capacity. Finally, we provide extensive numerical results to illustrate the covert performance enhancement from adopting the optimal beamforming in MIMO relay systems.
Berries: Health Effects via Modulation of the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Xu Manjin , Xu Yunfeng , Wu Lizhi , Niu Huixia , Gao Bei , Sun Kai , Li Xueqing , Xing Mingluan , Mo Zhe , Chen Zhijian , Tu Pengcheng , Lou Xiaoming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBerries are widely regarded as beneficial foods, rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds that could positively influence human health. Although the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in metabolism and physiology of humans, the interaction between berries and human gut microbiota activity remains unclear. This review systematically summarizes the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and gut microbiota‐regulating effects of various berries. It focuses on the impact of berries on several related metabolic diseases in addition to adverse outcomes associated with environmental exposures from the perspective of modulation of the gut microbiota. Overall, berries may actively modulate the gut microbiota, influencing the composition of the microbiota especially production of bioactive metabolites, thereby conferring health effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of health impact of berries via interactions with the gut microbiota, offering insights into the potential application of berries in maintaining human health.
Lived Experience of Regional and Remote Food Systems: Barriers to and Enablers of Food Access in Western Australia
Authors: Godrich Stephanie L. , Doe Jess , Goodwin Sarah , Stoneham Melissa , Devine Amanda 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIssue AddressedTo understand community and stakeholder perceptions of food supply chains in regional and remote Western Australia (WA).MethodsThis qualitative study used 19 focus groups with 61 food system stakeholders and 31 community members to understand barriers to and enablers of food supply and perspectives of what good food supply chains look like. A thematic analysis of focus group transcripts was conducted.ResultsBarriers included regulatory hurdles, lack of local facilities, limited food delivery, high food costs and lack of skill‐sharing. Enablers included employment options, individual food processing skills, quality local food, local food awareness and emergency food relief. Participants envisioned a sustainable, affordable, adaptable and efficient food supply chain with local food access, food literacy, home food growing, culturally appropriate food, strong food supply actor relationships, waste management and food supply chain career opportunities.Conclusions and ImplicationsRecommendations include establishing Food Action Groups (also known as Food Policy Councils) in WA, to facilitate more opportunities for regionally‐produced food to be sold within regional WA communities to increase food availability, quality and reduce price; and enhance food literacy in schools, workplaces and communities using evidence‐based programs.So what?This article provides lived experience perspectives of regional and remote food supply, illuminating key issues across each step of the food supply chain.
Shaping Effective Food Action Groups: Participant Perspectives on Structure and Stakeholder Involvement in Regional and Remote Western Australia
Authors: Godrich Stephanie L. , Goodwin Sarah , Doe Jess , Stoneham Melissa , Devine Amanda 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIssue AddressedFood systems strongly influence food security outcomes. Food Action Groups (often termed Food Policy Councils/Coalitions/Networks internationally) offer a co‐ordinated and collaborative approach to local food system issues. Their organisational structure and stakeholder membership significantly impact their focus and impact. Therefore, it is imperative to understanding community member and food system stakeholders' perspectives on how regional and remote Australian Food Action Groups should be structured to maximise their impact on local food systems, and identify the most appropriate stakeholders to facilitate and drive their action.MethodsA qualitative study using focus groups, was conducted in regional and remote townships across Western Australian regions of Peel, South West, Great Southern, Wheatbelt, Midwest (including Gascoyne), Goldfields, Pilbara, and Kimberley. Participants were community members and food system stakeholders. Focus group transcript data were thematically analysed.ResultsA formal structure with sustainable funding was important for Food Action Groups, as was adopting a bottom‐up approach with local community needs driving the agenda, supported by an adaptable and responsive work plan. Involving community members and ensuring a diverse membership were viewed as critical to their success.ConclusionsTo effectively address local needs, Food Action Groups should adopt a formal structure with clear processes and involve a diverse group of community stakeholders. This would leverage local knowledge and evidence to guide actions and set well‐informed priorities.So WhatThe establishment of Australian Food Action Groups in regional and remote Australia has potential to follow suit of their US, Canada and UK predecessors, improve regional food systems and influence government policies.
Comammox Nitrospira act as key bacteria in weakly acidic soil via potential cobalamin sharing
Authors: Zhao Yuxiang , Hu Jiajie , Wang Jiaqi , Yao Xiangwu , Zhang Tong , Hu Baolan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe discovery of comammox Nitrospira in low pH environments has reshaped the ammonia oxidation process in acidic settings, providing a plausible explanation for the higher nitrification rates observed in weakly acidic soils. However, the response of comammox Nitrospira to varying pH levels and its ecological role in these environments remains unclear. Here, a survey across soils with varying pH values (ranging from 4.4 to 9.7) was conducted to assess how comammox Nitrospira perform under different pH conditions. Results showed that comammox Nitrospira dominate ammonia oxidation in weakly acidic soils, functioning as a K‐strategy species characterized by slow growth and stress tolerance. As a key species in this environment, comammox Nitrospira may promote bacterial cooperation under low pH conditions. Genomic evidence suggested that cobalamin sharing is a potential mechanism, as comammox Nitrospira uniquely encode a metabolic pathway that compensates for cobalamin imbalance in weakly acidic soils, where 86.8% of metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) encode cobalamin‐dependent genes. Additionally, we used DNA stable‐isotope probing (DNA‐SIP) to demonstrate its response to pH fluctuations to reflect how it responds to the decrease in pH. Results confirmed that comammox Nitrospira became dominant ammonia oxidizers in the soil after the decrease in pH. We suggested that comammox Nitrospira will become increasingly important in global soils, under the trend of soil acidification. Overall, our work provides insights that how comammox Nitrospira perform in weakly acidic soil and its response to pH changes.
Evaluation of hemoglobin A1c reduction in Hispanic patients versus non‐Hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes managed by a clinical pharmacist
Authors: Warner Mayela , Anachebe Ife , Newman Samuel , Blair Somer , Leverett Haley 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHispanic people are 1.6 times as likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as non‐Hispanic White people. Clinical pharmacists can play a significant role in helping patients disproportionately affected by diabetes meet hemoglobin A1c (A1c) goals through medication management via collaborative practice agreements (CPAs). The objective of this study was to evaluate A1c reduction in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic patients with T2DM when managed by a clinical pharmacist utilizing a CPA. A single‐center, retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted from August 30, 2019 to August 30, 2022. Patients were included if they were at least 18 years of age, diagnosed with T2DM, and had at least one office visit with a clinical pharmacist for diabetes management at John Peter Smith (JPS) Health Network. The study population was subdivided into two groups: Hispanic and non‐Hispanic patients. The primary outcome was mean A1c reduction, defined as the difference in A1c at baseline and 12 months. Secondary outcomes included differences in variables for Hispanic patients who reached A1c goals versus those who did not. Data points were collected within 1 year from the first encounter with a clinical pharmacist. Three hundred patients were enrolled in the study, with 150 patients in each group. The mean A1c reduction in the Hispanic group was 1.6% (standard deviation [SD] = 2.654, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.180–2.030]) and 2.0% (SD = 2.369, 95% CI [1.598–2.356]) in the non‐Hispanic group (p = 0.20). There were no significant differences in variables for Hispanic patients who met A1c goals compared to Hispanic patients who did not achieve A1c goals. There was no significant difference in A1c reduction between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic patients with T2DM who were managed by a clinical pharmacist utilizing a CPA. The findings from this study suggest that clinical pharmacist management of T2DM does not further contribute to the disparities experienced by Hispanic patients, but rather, it can serve as a valuable resource in their care.