bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using signal-to-cutoff ratios of HIV screening assay to predict HIV infection
Authors: Guo Yin-Feng , Yan Shui-Di , Xie Jia-Wen , Wang Mao , Lin Yi-Qiang , Lin Li-Rong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The sensitivity of HIV screening assays often leads to a high rate of false-positive results, requiring retests and confirmatory tests. This study aimed to analyze the capability of signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratios of HIV screening assay to predict HIV infection.

Methods
A retrospective study on the HIV screening-positive population was performed at Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, the correlation between HIV screening assay S/CO ratios and HIV infection was assessed, and plotted Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to establish the optimal cutoff value for predicting HIV infection.

Results
Out of 396,679 patients, 836 were confirmed to be HIV-infected, with an HIV prevalence of 0.21%. The median S/CO ratios in HIV infection were significantly higher than that in non-HIV infection (296.9 vs. 2.41, P < 0.001). The rate of confirmed HIV infection was increased with higher S/CO ratios in the screening assay. The ROC curve based on the HIV screening assay S/CO ratio achieved a sensitivity of 93.78% and a specificity of 93.12% with an optimal cutoff value of 14.09. The area under the ROC curve was 0.9612. Further analysis of the ROC curve indicated that the S/CO ratio thresholds yielding positive predictive values of 99%, 99.5%, and 100% for HIV infection were 26.25, 285.7, and 354.5, respectively.

Conclusion
Using HIV screening assay S/CO ratio to predict HIV infection can largely reduce necessitating retests and confirmatory tests. Incorporating the S/CO ratio into HIV testing algorithms can have significant implications for medical and public health practices.
Systemic sarcoidosis presenting as a rare combination of interstitial nephritis with necrotizing vasculitis and urinary retention due to prostate involvement: a case report
Authors: Osanami Arata , Yamashita Tomohisa , Sakurada Shintaro , Sato Tatsuya , Kyoda Yuki , Shindo Tetsuya , Fujita Hiromi , Ogawa Yayoi , Furuhashi Masato 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Sarcoidosis affects multiple organs and exhibits diverse clinical manifestations. Although tubulointerstitial nephritis is a known feature of renal involvement, necrotizing vasculitis is rare. Furthermore, prostate involvement with urinary retention is unusual in patients with sarcoidosis. Here, we report a case of systemic sarcoidosis with a rare combination of manifestations and different acute kidney injuries.

Case presentation
A 66-year-old man developed sudden urinary retention and fever. He was diagnosed with prostatitis and admitted to our hospital. An indwelling urethral catheter was inserted, and antimicrobial therapy was initiated; however, the prostatitis was refractory. Computed tomography revealed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Analysis of transbronchoscopic lymph node and prostate biopsies showed epithelioid cell granulomas, suggesting systemic sarcoidosis. During the clinical course, the serum creatinine level rapidly increased to 2.36 mg/dL without oliguria. A kidney biopsy revealed tubulointerstitial injury with moderate lymphohistiocytic infiltration and small-vessel vasculitis in the interstitium. Following oral administration of 60 mg/day prednisolone, the patient’s renal function immediately improved, and urinary retention did not recur.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of sarcoidosis with two unusual complications. Given its clinical course and pathology, this case is clinically valuable.
Functional recovery after cesarean delivery: a prospective cohort study in rural Rwanda
Authors: Niyigena Anne , Gato Saidath , Alayande Barnabas , Miranda Elizabeth , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany , Goodman Andrea S. , Nkurunziza Theoneste , Mazimpaka Christian , Hakizimana Sadoscar , Ngamije Patient , Kateera Fredrick , Riviello Robert , Boatin Adeline A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Women who deliver via cesarean section (c-section) experience short- and long-term disability that may affect their physical health and their ability to function normally. While clinical complications are assessed, postpartum functional outcomes are not well understood from a patient’s perspective or well-characterized by previous studies. In Rwanda, 11% of rural women deliver via c-section. This study explores the functional recovery of rural Rwandan women after c-section and assesses factors that predict poor functionality at postoperative day (POD) 30.

Methods
Data were collected prospectively on POD 3, 11, and 30 from women delivering at Kirehe District Hospital between October 2019 and March 2020. Functionality was measured by self-reported overall health, energy level, mobility, self-care ability, and ability to perform usual activities; and each domain was rated on a 4-point likert scale, lower scores reflecting higher level of difficulties. Using the four functionality domains, we computed composite mean scores with a maximum score of 4.0 and we defined poor functionality as composite score of ≤ 2.0. We assessed functionality with descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results
Of 617 patients, 54.0%, 25.9%, and 26.8% reported poor functional status at POD3, POD11, and POD30, respectively. At POD30, the most self-reported poor functionality dimensions were poor or very poor overall health (48.1%), and inability to perform usual activities (15.6%). In the adjusted model, women whose surgery lasted 30–45 min had higher odds of poor functionality (aOR = 1.85, p = 0.01), as did women who experienced intraoperative complications (aOR = 4.12, 95% CI (1.09, 25.57), p = 0.037). High income patients had incrementally lower significant odds of poor physical functionality (aOR = 0.62 for every US$1 increase in monthly income, 95% CI (0.40, 0.96) p = 0.04).

Conclusion
We found a high proportion of poor physical functionality 30 days post-c-section in this Rwandan cohort. Surgery lasting > 30 min and intra-operative complications were associated with poor functionality, whereas a reported higher income status was associated with lower odds of poor functionality. Functional status assessments, monitoring and support should be included in post-partum care for women who delivered via c-section. Effective risk mitigating intervention should be implemented to recover functionality after c-section, particularly among low-income women and those undergoing longer surgical procedures or those with intraoperative complications.
“Moderate” adjuvant chemotherapy-induced leukopenia is beneficial for survival of patients with early breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Li , Jiang Chang , Wang Na , Wen Yan-Ling , Wang Si-Fen , Xue Cong , Bi Xi-Wen , Yuan Zhong-Yu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The association between chemotherapy-induced leukopenia (CIL) and survival for patients with early breast cancer (EBC) is not known. We investigated the relationship between different grades of CIL and survival in patients with EBC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods
A total of 442 patients with EBC receiving a regimen containing an anthracycline (A) and taxane (T) were included into our analysis. Survival analyses were undertaken using Kaplan–Meier curves. The P-value was calculated using the log rank test. Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation of CIL grade and survival based on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Afterwards, univariate and multivariate analyses screened out independent prognostic factors to construct a prognostic model, the robustness of which was verified.

Results
Patients with EBC who experienced grade 2–4 (“moderate” and “severe”) CIL were associated with longer overall survival (OS) than those with grade 0–1 (mild) CIL (P = 0.021). Compared with patients with mild CIL, OS was longer in patients with severe CIL (P = 0.029). Patients who suffered from moderate CIL tended to have longer OS than those with mild CIL (P = 0.082). Nevertheless, there was no distinguishable difference in OS between moderate- or severe-CIL groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with moderate CIL had longer OS than those with mild CIL among patients who were premenstrual, or with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+), > 3 lymph nodes with metastases, a tumor diameter > 5 cm. A prognostic model based on menstrual status, N stage, and CIL grade showed satisfactory robustness.

Conclusion
The grade of CIL was strongly associated with the prognosis among patients with EBC who received a regimen containing both anthracyclines and taxanes. Patients with a “moderate” CIL grade tended to have better survival outcomes.
Willingness to take long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men who participated in the CROPrEP study: a cross-sectional online study
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Chu Zhenxing , Wang Hongyi , Huang XiaoJie , Chen YaoKai , Wang Hui , Zou Dehua , Jiang YongJun , Geng WenQing , Hu Qinghai , Zhou Baosen , Shang Hong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Evidence on the willingness of men who have sex with men (MSM) with oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) experience, especially those with suboptimal adherence, to take long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI-PrEP) is critical to guide future LAI-PrEP implementation.

Objective
The objective was to assess the willingness of MSM with oral PrEP experience to take LAI-PrEP.

Methods
MSM who participated in the China Real-world Study of Oral PrEP (CROPrEP) were enrolled in this study. Information on the willingness of MSM to take LAI-PrEP and potential correlates was collected using a structured online questionnaire. The main outcomes were the willingness of MSM to take LAI-PrEP and its association with HIV-related behaviours, sexually transmitted infections, and oral PrEP history. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of the willingness of MSM to take LAI-PrEP.

Results
A total of 612 former CROPrEP participants (FCPs) were included in this study. There were 315 (51.5%) daily oral PrEP (D-PrEP) users and 297 (48.5%) event-driven oral PrEP (ED-PrEP) users at the last follow-up. Most FCPs (77.8%) were willing to take free LAI-PrEP. FCPs with no less than two sexual male partners (aOR = 1.54, [95% CI: 1.04, 2.29], P = 0.031), those with male partners with unknown HIV statuses (aOR = 2.04, [95% CI: 1.31, 3.18], P = 0.002), those with recreational drug use (aOR = 1.58, [95% CI: 1.05, 2.40], P = 0.030), and those with HSV-2 positivity (aOR = 2.15, [95% CI: 1.30, 3.57], P = 0.003) were more willing to take LAI-PrEP, while ED-PrEP users (aOR = 0.66, [95% CI: 0.45, 0.98], P = 0.037) and FCPs with suboptimal oral PrEP adherence (aOR = 0.58, [95% CI: 0.36, 0.94], P = 0.026) were less willing to take LAI-PrEP.

Conclusion
LAI-PrEP has good prospects for expanding PrEP coverage. However, FCPs with suboptimal oral PrEP adherence are less likely to take LAI-PrEP. Further intervention and implementation efforts are needed to improve the willingness of MSM to use LAI-PrEP, and sexual health should be considered during the discussion about PrEP initiation.
Socio-demographic predictors of obesity among 12,975 adult ever married Egyptian women of reproductive age group: evidence from nationwide survey
Authors: El-Qushayri Amr Ehab , Hossain Md Anwar , Mahmud Imteaz , Hashan Mohammad Rashidul , Gupta Rajat Das 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aim
We aimed to explore the predictors associated with obesity among adult ever-married Egyptian women aged 20–49 years based on the Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).

Method
We included adult ever married women from the EDHS conducted in 2014 that initially recruited 21,903 women. Univariate and multivariable analysis was conducted to identify socio-demographic predictors of women’s obesity.

Result
We included 12,975 Egyptian women. Among them, 76% of the total respondents were obese where as 24% were with normal body mass index (BMI). In multivariable analysis, the results revealed that increasing age, higher wealth index, listening to radio at least once a week and women with primary and secondary education were at significant odds of developing obesity (p < 0.05). However, we found no association between residence of participants and the frequency of watching television upon the development of obesity (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Appropriate and targeted interventions should be implemented among the Egyptian reproductive age women to reduce the obesity as well as non-communicable diseases load associated with obesity. National Health Service policy makers should take multilevel approach targeting high risk sub-groups to raise awareness and to provide prevention against obesity and the subsequent complications.
Primary school learners’ movement during class time: perceptions of educators in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Fisher Dominic , Louw Quinette 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Over the last decade, the efficacy of in-classroom movement interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour has been mainly conducted in high-income, developed countries. To date, there have been no published reports on the perceptions of principals and teachers regarding learners’ movement during class time to inform the implementation of classroom-based movement strategies to reduce sedentariness in South Africa.

Methods
A sample of primary school principals and grades 5 and 6 teachers from a range of socio-economic categories participated in this exploratory, descriptive qualitative study in the metro central district of the Western Cape Education Department in South Africa. Transcripts of individual depth interviews (IDIs) with principals and focus group discussions (FGDs) with teachers were coded using Atlast ti 9* software for qualitative analysis.

Results
Thirteen principals (13 IDIs) and 24 teachers (6 FGDs) participated in the study. Two main factors influencing in-classroom movement, namely teacher-related and structural factors, were identified. The teacher-related factors pertained to their classroom management practice, knowledge and beliefs about sitting, and management style influenced their role in delivering the curriculum and creating a classroom environment conducive for learning. Classroom factors pertained to classroom size, the number of learners in the class and the ergonomic utility of traditional classroom desks. Institutional expectations and acceptance of learners’ behaviour, and teachers’ practice were also notable contributing factors that influenced learners’ movement during class time.

Conclusion
Emerging evidence about the efficacy of in-classroom movement on sedentary behaviour and learning outcomes challenges traditional teacher practice that sitting is essential for the delivery of the curriculum and for creating an optimal learning environment. Teacher training about the behaviour control utility of in-classroom movement, and school management and policy supportive of in-classroom movement may encourage fidelity to in-classroom movement strategies.
Social epidemiology of early adolescent alcohol expectancies
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Zamora Gabriel , Smith Natalia , Sajjad Omar M. , Shim Joan , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the sociodemographic correlates of alcohol expectancies (i.e., beliefs regarding positive or negative effects of alcohol) in a national (U.S.) cohort of early adolescents 10–14 years old. A second aim was to determine associations between alcohol sipping and alcohol expectancies.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 11,868; Year 2). Linear regression analyses were conducted to estimate associations between sociodemographic factors (sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, household income, parental education, parent marital status, religiosity) and positive (e.g., stress reduction) and negative (e.g., loss of motor coordination) alcohol expectancies. Additional linear regression analyses determined associations between alcohol sipping and alcohol expectancies, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

Results
Overall, 48.8% of the participants were female and 47.6% racial/ethnic minorities, with a mean age of 12.02 (SD 0.67) years. Older age among the early adolescent sample, male sex, and sexual minority identification were associated with more positive and negative alcohol expectancies. Black and Latino/Hispanic adolescents reported less positive and negative alcohol expectancies compared to White non-Latino/Hispanic adolescents. Having parents with a college education or greater and a household income of $200,000 and greater were associated with higher positive and negative alcohol expectancies. Alcohol sipping was associated with higher positive alcohol expectancies.

Conclusions
Older age, White non-Latino/Hispanic race, male sex, sexual minority status, higher parental education, and higher household income were associated with higher positive and negative alcohol expectancies. Future research should examine the mechanisms linking these specific sociodemographic factors to alcohol expectancies to inform future prevention and intervention efforts.
Regular Physical Exercise Adherence Scale (REPEAS): a new instrument to measure environmental and personal barriers to adherence to regular physical exercise
Authors: Pereira Fábio Henrique Ferreira , Santos-de-Araújo Aldair Darlan , Pontes-Silva André , Marinho Renan Shida , Garcia-Araújo Adriana Sanches , Borghi-Silva Audrey , Gonçalves Maria Cláudia , de Cássia Mendonça de Miranda Rita , Protazio Jhonata Botelho , Pinheiro Cezar Augusto Brito , Dibai-Filho Almir Vieira , Bassi-Dibai Daniela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
To create, develop, and validate a scale that identifies the environmental and personal barriers that make it difficult to adhere to the practice of physical exercise on a regular basis in a population of Brazilian adults.

Methods
We include adult individuals, aged 18–59 years, practitioners or former practitioners of physical exercise, with Brazilian Portuguese as their mother tongue. In the development and validation phases of the process, 6 specialists in the field of the health assessed the content validity: firstly, the specialists were asked to freely list the questions they would ask to investigate the barriers to adherence to regulating physical activity. Secondly, after compiling all the suggestions listed and eliminating suggestions with similar content, the items suggested in the first round were sent to the specialists so that an evaluation of all questions using a 5-point Likert scale and the content validity coefficient was calculated. We then evaluated the structural validity, construct validity, reliability, internal consistency, and ceiling and floor effects of the Regular Physical Exercise Adherence Scale (REPEAS).

Results
Sixteen items were proposed to measure the factors that make it difficult to adhere to the regular practice of physical exercise. The internal structure of the REPEAS initially tested was based on the theoretical proposal of creating the instrument with two domains. After the structural analysis, we used the modification indices to identify the redundant items of the instrument. Consequently, the final version of the REPEAS after factor analysis had 12 items. Thus, the structure with 2 domains and 12 items presented adequate fit indices. With regard to construct validity, the REPEAS scores were compared in two distinct groups: irregular practitioners/ex-practitioners versus regular practitioners of physical exercise, in which a significant difference could be observed between groups (p < 0.001) for both the domains. Acceptable reliability was observed for the environment and personal domains, with ICC values of 0.86 and 0.94, in the same order. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha value was 0.908 (environmental domain) and 0.915 (personal domain), these values being adequate for the REPEAS.

Conclusion
The REPEAS is a scale with a valid two-dimensional internal structure, consisting of 12 items, reliable and with a valid construct, which supports its use in the clinical, epidemiological, and research contexts in Brazil.
Knockdown of MRPL35 promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Chengling , Chen Lei , Jin Zhixin , Liu Haitao , Ma Chao , Zhou Hangtian , Xu Lingling , Zhou Sihui , Shi Yan , Li Wei , Chen Yuqing , Dou Chengli , Wang Xiaojing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major pathological type of lung cancer. However, its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. MRPL35 is a regulatory subunit of the mitoribosome, which can regulate the assembly of cytochrome c oxidases and plays an important role in the occurrence of NSCLC.

Methods
The expression of MRPL35 in NSCLC was detected by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. H1299 cells were infected with lentivirus to knockdown MRPL35, and the cells were subjected to crystal violet staining to assess the results of colony formation assays. A549 cells were infected by lentiviral particles-expressing shMRPL35 or shControl, and then subcutaneously injected into nude mice. Tumorigenesis in mice was detected by in vivo imaging. The potential pathway of MRPL35 in NSCLC was assessed by Western blotting.

Results
MRPL35 was over-expressed in NSCLC tissue compared to para-cancerous and normal tissues. Knockdown of MRPL35 suppressed cell proliferation and decreased NSCLC progression both in vitro and in vivo. The possible molecular mechanisms were also clarified, which indicated that MRPL35 could be involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation by modulating the expression levels of CDK1, BIRC5, CHEK1, STMN1 and MCM2. Knockdown of MRPL35 activated p53 signaling pathway and inhibited cell cycle regulation.

Conclusions
The oncogenic role of MRPL35 in NSCLC was potentially mediated through the cell cycle regulatory genes such as BIRC5, STMN1, CDK1, CHEK1 and MCM2, as well as activation of P53 signaling pathway.