bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the multivariate Hawkes process to study interactions between multiple species from camera trap data
Authors: Nicvert Lisa , Donnet Sophie , Keith Mark , Peel Mike , Somers Michael J. , Swanepoel Lourens H. , Venter Jan , Fritz Hervé , Dray Stéphane 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterspecific interactions can influence species' activity and movement patterns. In particular, species may avoid or attract each other through reactive responses in space and/or time. However, data and methods to study such reactive interactions have remained scarce and were generally limited to two interacting species. At this time, the deployment of camera traps opens new opportunities but adapted statistical techniques are still required to analyze interaction patterns with such data. We present the multivariate Hawkes process (MHP) and show how it can be used to analyze interactions between several species using camera trap data. Hawkes processes use flexible pairwise interaction functions, allowing us to consider asymmetries and variations over time when depicting reactive temporal interactions. After describing the theoretical foundations of the MHP, we outline how its framework can be used to study interspecific interactions with camera trap data. We design a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the MHP and of another existing method to infer interactions from camera trap‐like data. We also use the MHP to infer reactive interactions from real camera trap data for five species from South African savannas (impala Aepyceros melampus, greater kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros, lion Panthera leo, blue wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus and Burchell's zebra Equus quagga burchelli). The simulation study shows that the MHP can be used as a tool to benchmark other methods of interspecific interaction inference and that this model can reliably infer interactions when enough data are considered. The analysis of real data highlights evidence of predator avoidance by prey and herbivore–herbivore attraction. Lastly, we present the advantages and limits of the MHP and discuss how it can be improved to infer attraction/avoidance patterns more reliably. As camera traps are increasingly used, the multivariate Hawkes process provides a promising framework to decipher the complexity of interactions structuring ecological communities.
Tyrosine to threonine ratio was related to heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Zhou Qing Fen , Yang Fan , Dai Yang , Chen Shuai , Zhang Feng Ru , Lu Lin , Lu Qiu Ya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsWe aim to explore the associations between serum tyrosine (Tyr) to threonine (Thr) ratio and chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF) (HFrEF or HFmrEF).Methods and resultsThe study recruited 418 subjects (77.5% males, mean age 65.2 ± 12.5 years), including 318 HF subjects (HFrEF or HFmrEF) and 100 cardiovascular subjects without acute or chronic HF [including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)] as controls. Serum levels of 21 kinds of amino acids (AAs) were measured by mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to measuring the association between the AAs levels and the presence of HF. Event‐free survival was determined by Kaplan–Meier curves and differences in survival were assessed using log‐rank tests. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of AAs in HF. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to further confirm regression analysis. Along with the control, HFmrEF, and HFrEF subjects, serum tyrosine (Tyr) gradually increased (64.43 ± 15.28 μmol/L vs. 71.79 ± 18.74 μmol/L vs. 77.32 ± 25.90 μmol/L, P < 0.001) while serum threonine (Thr) decreased (165.21 ± 40.09 μmol/L vs. 144.93 ± 44.56 μmol/L vs. 135.25 ± 41.25 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Tyr/Thr ratio was the independent risk factor for the presence of HF in all subjects [odds ratio (OR), 3.510; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.445–5.040; P < 0.001]. After following up for a mean year (11.10 ± 2.80 months) in 269 HF subjects (75.1% males, mean age 65.2 ± 12.8 years), the higher Tyr/Thr ratio was associated with a higher risk of HF endpoint events in HF subjects [hazard ratio (HR), 2.901; 95% CI: 1.228–6.851; P = 0.015]. By comparing the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC), Tyr/Thr ratio was superior to Fischer's ratio (FR) in predicting HF occurrence (0.767:0.573, P < 0.001) or cardiovascular (CV) death (0.715:0.550, P = 0.047).ConclusionsCirculating elevated Tyr/Thr ratio confer an increased risk for the presence of HF and poor prognosis. Tyr/Thr index outweighs FR index in predicting HF occurrence or CV death.
Chlorogenic acid attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via up‐regulating Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor1 to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Ping Ping , Yang Ting , Ning Chaoxue , Zhao Qingkai , Zhao Yali , Yang Tao , Gao Zhitao , Fu Shihui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsCardiac hypertrophy, an adaptive response of the heart to stress overload, is closely associated with heart failure and sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on cardiac hypertrophy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsTo simulate cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial cells were exposed to isoproterenol (ISO, 10 μM). A rat model of ISO‐induced cardiac hypertrophy was also established. The expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy markers, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers, and apoptosis markers were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. The apoptosis level, size of myocardial cells, and heart tissue pathological changes were determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labelling staining, immunofluorescence staining, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson's staining. We found that CGA treatment decreased the size of ISO‐treated H9c2 cells. Moreover, CGA inhibited ISO‐induced up‐regulation of cardiac hypertrophy markers (atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and β‐myosin heavy chain), ERS markers (C/EBP homologous protein, glucose regulatory protein 78, and protein kinase R‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), and apoptosis markers (bax and cleaved caspase‐12/9/3) but increased the expression of anti‐apoptosis marker bcl‐2 in a dose‐dependent way (0, 10, 50, and 100 μM). Knockdown of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1) reversed the protective effect of CGA on cardiac hypertrophy, ERS, and apoptosis in vitro (P < 0.05). CGA also restored ISO‐induced inhibition on the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signalling in H9c2 cells, while S1pr1 knockdown abolished these CGA‐induced effects (P < 0.05). CGA (90 mg/kg/day, for six consecutive days) protected rats against cardiac hypertrophy in vivo (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCGA treatment attenuated ISO‐induced ERS and cardiac hypertrophy by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway via modulation of S1pr1.
Clinical implications of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The PARAGON‐HF study
Authors: Minamisawa Masatoshi , Inciardi Riccardo M. , Claggett Brian , Cikes Maja , Liu Li , Prasad Narayana , Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Zile Michael R. , O'Meara Eileen , Redfield Margaret M. , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. , Shah Amil M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular (LV) subclinical impairment has been described in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We assessed the relationship between LV myocardial deformation by strain imaging and recurrent hospitalization for heart failure (HF) or cardiovascular death in a large international HFpEF population.Methods and resultsWe assessed two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking based global longitudinal strain (GLS) in 790 patients (mean age 74 ± 8 years, 54% female) with adequate image quality enrolled in the PARAGON‐HF echocardiography study. We examined the relationship of GLS with total HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular death (the primary composite outcome) after accounting for clinical confounders. Approximately 47% of the population had evidence of LV subclinical dysfunction, defined as absolute GLS <16%. Impaired GLS was significantly associated with higher values of circulating baseline N‐terminal pro‐B‐type‐natriuretic peptide. After a median follow‐up of 3.0 years, there were 407 total HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular deaths. After multivariable adjustment, worse GLS was associated with a greater risk for the primary composite outcome (adjusted hazard ratio per 1% decrease: 1.06; 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.11; p = 0.008). GLS did not modify the treatment effect of sacubitril/valsartan compared with valsartan for the composite outcome (p for interaction >0.1).ConclusionsIn a large HFpEF population, impaired LV function was observed even among patients with preserved ejection fraction, and was associated with an increased risk of total HF hospitalizations or cardiovascular death, accounting for clinical confounders. These findings highlight the key role of subtle LV systolic impairment in the pathophysiology of HFpEF.
Market sentiment and price dynamics in weak markets: A comprehensive empirical analysis of the soybean meal option market
Authors: Yan Bo , Liang Mengru , Zhao Yinxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study addresses key issues of market efficiency in weak global futures markets, focusing on the intricate relationship between market sentiment and options pricing. Employing rolling variance ratio tests and information‐sharing models for market dynamics analysis, and supplemented with Granger causality tests and impulse response findings, it reveals a significant, unidirectional impact of market sentiment on options pricing, especially during periods of heightened sentiment. These insights underscore the importance of considering time dynamics in market behavior analysis, offering a novel perspective on futures and options market understanding.
Early exercise, implied volatility spread and future stock return: Jumps bind them all
Authors: Garrett Ian , Gazi Adnan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe find that early exercise premiums of exchange‐traded single‐stock American puts, in excess of the GBM‐world premium, can negatively predict future stock returns. Simulations suggest that asset‐value jumps, especially the mean jump‐size, can positively drive this excess premium, while jump‐size can also negatively induce the implied volatility (IV) spread of equivalent American option‐pairs. Empirically, controlling for the effect of jump‐size in excess premiums, the premium loses its predictive power. Furthermore, controlling for the excess premium or jump‐size, IV spreads' predictability shown in the literature also diminishes. Our evidence survives under alternative explanations like informed trading, stock mispricing or market frictions.
AI and Global Climate Change: The political economy of data and energy in geographic perspective
Authors: Alvarez Leon Luis F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) and Global Climate Change are two developments that will come to define the twenty‐first century. As such, examining their intersections is crucial and can yield important insights. Geography is well positioned to study these intersections through its diverse conceptual and methodological toolkit, which bridges the physical and environmental science, the social sciences and the humanities, as well as the human and more‐than‐human worlds. A first step in deploying a geographic analysis can be to ground the links between AI and Global Climate Change in concrete geographic contexts. I illustrate this exercise in the paragraphs that follow and identify its productive potential. Specifically, this text deploys a geographic perspective grounded in political economy to connect concerns about the data and energy inequalities embedded in various AI applications while showing how such inequalities are intertwined both with the monitoring of Global Climate Change and with its material impacts.
Geriatric depression and anxiety screening via deep learning using activity tracking and sleep data
Authors: Lee Tae‐Rim , Kim Geon Ha , Choi Mun‐Taek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGeriatric depression and anxiety have been identified as mood disorders commonly associated with the onset of dementia. Currently, the diagnosis of geriatric depression and anxiety relies on self‐reported assessments for primary screening purposes, which is uncomfortable for older adults and can be prone to misreporting. When a more precise diagnosis is needed, additional methods such as in‐depth interviews or functional magnetic resonance imaging are used. However, these methods can not only be time‐consuming and costly but also require systematic and cost‐effective approaches.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of training an end‐to‐end deep learning (DL) model by directly inputting time‐series activity tracking and sleep data obtained from consumer‐grade wrist‐worn activity trackers to identify comorbid depression and anxiety.MethodsTo enhance accuracy, the input of the DL model consisted of step counts and sleep stages as time series data, along with minimal depression and anxiety assessment scores as non‐time‐series data. The basic structure of the DL model was designed to process mixed‐input data and perform multi‐label‐based classification for depression and anxiety. Various DL models, including the convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM), were applied to process the time‐series data, and model selection was conducted by comparing the performances of the hyperparameters.ResultsThis study achieved significant results in the multi‐label classification of depression and anxiety, with a Hamming loss score of 0.0946 in the Residual Network (ResNet), by applying a mixed‐input DL model based on activity tracking data. The comparison of hyper‐parameter performance and the development of various DL models, such as CNN, LSTM, and ResNet contributed to the optimization of time series data processing and achievement of meaningful results.ConclusionsThis study can be considered as the first to develop a mixed‐input DL model based on activity tracking data for the multi‐label identification of late‐life depression and anxiety. The findings of the study demonstrate the feasibility and potential of using consumer‐grade wrist‐worn activity trackers in conjunction with DL models to improve the identification of comorbid mental health conditions in older adults. The study also established a multi‐label classification framework for identifying the complex symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Numerical analysis of convective heat loss from a cylindrical–hemispherical receiver using a glass cover and an air curtain
Authors: Kumar Kolli Harish , Karmakar Malay , Mondal Bittagopal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is imperative to mitigate the convective heat loss from the receiver to improve the overall efficiency of the parabolic dish concentrator. In this study, the reductions of convective heat loss from the cylindrical‐hemispherical receiver are numerically analyzed and the model was validated by the experimental data from literature. In the first case, the impact of the glass cover on convective heat loss is examined under conditions of both natural and forced convections at various receiver orientations (γ = 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°). Numerical results clearly demonstrate that the use of a glass cover significantly reduces the intrusion of surrounding air into the receiver cavity which leads to an enhancement of the stagnation zone inside the cavity and, as a consequence, a noticeable reduction in convective heat loss is observed. To perform analysis of the receiver with glass cover under forced convective condition, the wind velocities over the receiver are considered in the range of 1–6 m/s. The maximum reduction of convective heat loss using the glass cover is achieved to be 58.44% with wind velocity of 5 m/s at γ = 60°. In the second case, the influence of air curtain at the receiver aperture under natural convective heat loss conditions is analyzed. The analysis incorporates three variables: receiver orientation (γ = 0°–60°), nozzle width ( = 0.002–0.004 m), and nozzle outlet velocity ( = 0.5–3.5 m/s). The results show that the air curtain minimizes the outflow of receiver inside air and results in an improvement in the stagnation zone inside the cavity. The maximum effectiveness of the air curtain is found to be 43.2% at nozzle width of  = 0.004 m and nozzle velocity of  = 1.5 m/s at receiver orientation of 60°. It is also noteworthy that the optimal nozzle velocity decreases with the increase of nozzle widths.
Phenothiazines: Nrf2 activation and antioxidant effects
Authors: Egbujor Melford C. , Tucci Paolo , Buttari Brigitta , Nwobodo David C. , Marini Pietro , Saso Luciano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhenothiazines (PTZs) are an emerging group of molecules showing effectiveness toward redox signaling and reduction of oxidative injury to cells, via the activation on Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although several electrophilic and indirect Nrf2 activators have been reported, the risk of “off‐target” effect due to the complexity of their molecular mechanisms of action, has aroused research interest toward non‐electrophilic and direct modulators of Nrf2 pathway, such as PTZs. This review represents the first overview on the roles of PTZs as non‐electrophilic Nrf2 activator and free radical scavengers, as well as on their potential therapeutic effects in oxidative stress‐mediated diseases. Here, we provide a collective and comprehensive information on the PTZs ability to scavenge free radicals and activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with the aim to broaden the knowledge of their therapeutic potentials and to stimulate innovative research ideas.
Bisphenol A regulates bladder cells responses via control of G2/M‐phase cell cycle, apoptotic signaling, MAPK pathway, and transcription factor‐associated MMP modulation
Authors: Song Jun‐Hui , Hwang Byungdoo , Park Solbi , Kim Soobin , Kim Dong‐Ho , Choi Yung Hyun , Kim Wun‐Jae , Moon Sung‐Kwon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA), an exogenous endocrine‐disrupting chemical, is widely used to produce polycarbonate plastics. The widely used BPA has been detected in human urine samples, raising public anxiety about the detrimental effects of BPA on the bladder. In this study, we explored regulatory mechanisms for the adverse effects of BPA in human bladder BdFC and T24 cells. BPA induced extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest caused by the ATM‐CHK1/CHK2‐CDC25c‐CDC2 signaling, which ultimately inhibited the growth of human bladder cells. We also found that BPA decreased the binding activity of AP‐1 and NF‐κB transcription factors in human bladder cells, which inhibited migration and invasion through matrix metallopeptidase‐2 and ‐9 inactivation. Phosphorylation of MAPKs was implicated with BPA‐mediated detrimental effects in human bladder cells. Collectively, our results provide a novel explanation for the underlying molecular mechanisms that BPA induces cytotoxicity in human bladder cells.
Protective effect of colchicine on albumin glycation and cellular oxidative stress: Insights into diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Thakur Muskan Rajkumar , Tupe Rashmi Santosh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present work elucidates the role of colchicine (COL) on albumin glycation and cellular oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Human serum albumin (HSA) was glycated with methylglyoxal in the presence of COL (2.5, 3.75, and 5 µM), whereas positive and negative control samples were maintained separately. The effects of COL on HSA glycation, structural and functional modifications in glycated HSA were analyzed using different spectroscopical and fluorescence techniques. Increased fructosamine, carbonyl, and pentosidine formation in glycated HSA samples were inhibited in the presence of COL. Structural conformation of HSA and glycated HSA samples was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, where COL maintained both secondary and tertiary structures of HSA against glycation. Functional marker assays included ABTS•+ radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, advanced oxidative protein product formation, and turbidimetry, which showed preserved functional properties of glycated HSA in COL‐containing samples. Afterward, rat cardiomyoblast (H9c2 cell line) was treated with glycated HSA–COL complex (400 μg/mL) for examining various cellular antioxidants (nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) and detoxification enzymes (aldose reductase, glyoxalase I, and II) levels. All three concentrations of COL exhibited effective anti‐glycation properties, enhanced cellular antioxidant levels, and detoxification enzyme activities. The report comprehensively analyzes the potential anti‐glycation and properties of COL during its initial assessment.
Partition of ordered triples into uniform holey ordered designs
Authors: Tan Yuli , Zhou Junling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA large set is a partition of all ordered triples of a ‐set into disjoint ordered designs of order . In this paper, we generalize the large set with to the notion of , representing a partition of all ordered triples of a ‐set into disjoint uniform holely ordered designs s. We show that a exists if and only if and , except for . Moreover, we study the existence of a with every member having a kind of resolution. We show that a resolvable exists if and only if , , , with 27 possible exceptions. For almost resolvable s, we prove the asymptotic existence and present a few infinite families.
m6A‐induced TRIB3 regulates Hippo pathway through interacting with LATS1 to promote the progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Jiamei , Yi Tingzhuang , Zhuo Chenyi , Wang Duanduan , Zhang Ming , Hu Rui , Wu Dan , Hou Guoxin , Xing Yutong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that dysregulation of the Hippo/Yes‐associated protein (YAP) axis is associated with tumor progression and therapy resistance in various cancer types, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Understanding the regulation of Hippo signaling in LUAD is of great significance. Elevated levels of TRIB3, a pseudo kinase, have been observed in certain lung malignancies and are associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Our research aims to investigate whether increased TRIB3 levels enhance the malignant characteristics of LUAD cells and tumor progression through its interaction with the Hippo signaling pathway. In this study, we reported a positive correlation between elevated expression of TRIB3 and LUAD progression. Additionally, TRIB3 has the ability to enhance TEAD luciferase function and suppress Hippo pathway activity. Moreover, TRIB3 increases total YAP protein levels and promotes YAP nuclear localization. Mechanistic experiments revealed that TRIB3 directly interacts with large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1), thereby suppressing Hippo signaling. Moreover, the decrease in METTL3‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine modification of TRIB3 results in a substantial elevation of its expression levels in LUAD cells. Collectively, our research unveils a novel discovery that TRIB3 enhances the growth and invasion of LUAD cells by interacting with LATS1 and inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway. TRIB3 may serve as a potential biomarker for an unfavorable prognosis and a target for novel treatments in YAP‐driven lung cancer.