bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthese und Strukturen neuer Eisen‐Sauerstoff‐Alkoxid‐Cluster
Authors: Veith Michael , Grätz Frank , Huch Volker , Gütlich Philipp , Ensling Jürgen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDer Eisen‐Sauerstoff‐Alkoxy‐Cluster [Fe9O3(OC2H5)21]·C2H5OH kann unter unterschiedlichen Bedingungen zu Molekülen umgesetzt werden, denen alle die allgemeine Formel [Fe5O(OR)8(OR′)5] gemeinsam ist. Erwärmt man [Fe9O3(OC2H5)21]·C2H5OH in Toluol, so entsteht [Fe5O(OC2H5)13], das durch Kristallisation abgetrennt werden kann, wohingegen ein Auflösen von [Fe9O3(OC2H5)21]·C2H5OH in tert‐Butylamin zum 1 : 2‐Addukt [Fe5O(OC2H5)13]·2 t‐Bu‐NH2 führt. Mit Triethyl‐ oder Triphenylsilanol entsteht aus [Fe9O3(OC2H5)21]·C2H5OH wieder ein Sauerstoff‐Eisencluster des gleichen Motivs: [Fe5O(OC2H5)8{OSi(C2H5)3}5] bzw. [Fe5O(OC2H5)8{OSi(C6H5)3}5]. Die Molekülstruktur [Fe5O(OC2H5)8{OSi(C2H5)3}5], die über Röntgenbeugung an Einkristallen erhalten wird, besteht aus einem Grundgerüst, das aus einer Sauerstoff‐zentrierten quadratischen Fe5‐Pyramide besteht, wobei alle Kanten der Pyramide mit acht O‐C2H5 Gruppen überbrückt sind. Die terminalen Liganden an den Eisenatomen bestehen ausschließlich aus Triethylsiloxat‐Gruppen. Die Addition von zwei tert‐Butylamin Molekülen zu [Fe5O(OC2H5)13] hat einen drastischen Effekt auf die Molekül‐Struktur in [Fe5O(OC2H5)13]·2 t‐Bu‐NH2: in diesem Molekül sind alle Eisenatome verzerrt oktaedrisch koordiniert. Setzt man Eisen(III)‐chlorid mit Natriumethylalkoholat und Natrium‐tert‐butylat um, so bildet sich die Verbindung [Fe5O(OC2H5)8{OC(CH3)3}4Cl], deren innerer Eisen‐Sauerstoff‐Cluster denjenigen der anderen Moleküle ähnelt. Das Mößbauer‐Spektrum von [Fe5O(OC2H5)8{OSi(C6H5)3}5] enthält, wie erwartet, zwei Arten von Eisenatomen im Verhältnis 4 : 1. Bei einer Temperatur von 5 K wurde der Gesamtspin des Clusters zu S = 5/2 bestimmt. Dieser resultiert allein aus dem Spinzustand S = 5/2 des Eisenatoms in der Spitze der Pyramide, während die anderen vier äquivalenten Eisenatome der Fe4(OEt)4 Einheit antiferromagnetisch zu S = 0 gekoppelt sind.
Laser Zone Melting and Texture Formation in MgO‐doped Bi2.03Sr1.93Ca1.07Cu2.05O8+δ
Authors: Lennikov V. V. , Kazin P. E. , Tretyakov Yu. D. , de la Fuente Germán F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Laser Zone Melting (LZM) method was used to produce pure and MgO‐doped, textured Bi2.03Sr1.93Ca1.07Cu2.05O8+δ superconducting flat monoliths. Grain alignment was studied by XRD on the surface of both textured products as a function of annealing time and MgO content. Grain angle boundaries were found in all cases to be below 10° on the surface of all samples. Phase formation was studied during annealing after LZM, suggesting that formation of the 2212 phase takes place at faster rates in samples containing MgO. AC Magnetic Susceptibility studies were performed on annealed samples in order to determine Tc and Jc values. The transition temperatures remained approximately constant, while the critical current density values increased by a factor of 3 when MgO was present.
Synthesis and Structure of the Phosphonocarboxylic Acid H2O3PCH2‐NC5H9‐COOH·2H2O and the Manganese Phosphonocarboxylate Mn[O3PCH2‐N(H)C5H9‐COO]
Authors: Stock Norbert , Karaghiosoff K. , Bein T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe phosphonocarboxylic acid H2O3PCH2‐NC5H9‐COOH·2H2O (1) was synthesized by a Mannich‐type reaction. Recrystallization from hydrochloric acid yields large single crystals (crystal data 1: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 6.4011(3), b = 25.633(2), c = 7.2496(4) Å, β = 95.473(7)°, V = 1184.1(2) Å3, Z = 4). In an aqueous solution two isomers of 1 were unambiguously detected by NMR‐spectroscopy. The reaction of 1 with manganese chloride under hydrothermal conditions at pH 5 yields the new manganese phosphonocarboxylate Mn[O3PCH2‐N(H)C5H9‐COO] (2) that was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (crystal data 2: monoclinic, P21/a, a = 10.2784(2), b = 9.0649(2), c = 11.0712(2) Å, β = 107.280(1)°, V = 984.97(3) Å3, Z = 4). In 1 zwitter‐ions HO3PCH2‐N(H)C5H9‐COOH and H2O molecules are interconnected by O‐H···O and N‐H···O hydrogen bonds to form a three‐dimensional network. In 2, corner‐linked MnO5 and PO3C polyhedra form four‐ and eight‐rings which are connected to a two‐dimensional net. The coordination of the carboxylate ions, which act as chelating ligands, leads to a pillared structure.
Darstellung und Charakterisierung der nanoskaligen Vb‐Metalloxide M2O5 (M = V, Nb, Ta)
Authors: Feldmann C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDie Darstellung nanoskaliger Vb‐Metalloxide M2O5 (M = V, Nb, Ta) gelingt durch Polyol‐vermittelte Synthese. Diese erfolgt durch kontrollierte Hydrolyse der Alkoholate VO(i‐OC3H7)3, Nb(OC2H5)5 und Ta(OC2H5)5 in Diethylenglykol (DEG) bei 180 °C und liefert die Oxide in einem Größenbereich von etwa 10 bis 200 nm. Der monodisperse Habitus sowie das kolloidale Verhalten der nanoskaligen M2O5‐Partikel in DEG und Wasser belegen die oberflächenaktive Wirkung des Diethylenglykols hinsichtlich Partikelwachstum und Partikelagglomeration. Thermogravimetrische Daten und Untersuchungen zur B.E.T.‐Oberfläche lassen auf eine der Größenordnung nach monomolekulare Belegung der M2O5‐Partikeloberflächen mit DEG‐Molekülen schließen. Gemäß Elektronen‐ und Röntgenbeugungsbildern fallen die nanoskaligen Partikel nach der Synthese zunächst amorph an, durch eine moderate Temperaturbehandlung kann jedoch eine deutliche Erhöhung der Kristallinität erreicht werden.
[Me4N]5[WOS3(CuCl)3Cl]Cl2 ‐ a Cluster Compound with Alternating Anion Packing
Authors: Dilshad R. , Boller H. , Klepp K. O. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOrange‐yellow plate‐like crystals of the title compound were obtained from the reaction of [Me4N]2WO2S2 or [Me4N]2WOS3 with CuCl and [Me4N]Cl in MeCN solution. They are hexagonal, space group P63cm (No.185), with unit cell parameters a = 11.638(4) Å, c = 17.970(7) Å, Z = 2. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data (MoKα‐radiation) and refined to R = 0.049. The structure is characterized as an alternating packing of cubane‐like [WOS3(CuCl)3Cl]3‐ and Cl‐ anions.
Point Defects as Acid—Base Active Particles in Ionic Crystals
Authors: Maier Joachim 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPoint defects such as excess ions or ion vacancies (together with excess electrons and holes as the electronic excitations) enable the solid to react to outer chemical and electrical excitations. They are not only the mobile ionic constituents, they are also the relevantacid‐base activeparticles with respect to reactivity. It is in particular this latter aspect that is not adequately appreciated in the literature. A recently developed concept based on point defects [1] is able to provide an objective, testable and thermodynamically valuable ionotropic acid‐base concept for solids. The concept also allows one to unify bulk and surface acidity/basicity. These points are discussed in conjunction with the important role of point defects in reaction kinetics and catalysis.
Effect of stabilization of crude whale oil with tertiary butylhydroquinone and other antioxidants upon keeping quality of resultant deodorized oil. A feasibility study
Authors: Chahine M. H. , Macneill R. F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCrude whale oil was stored under accelerated conditions for 146 days alone and in the presence of added antioxidants: 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole, 3,5‐di‐t‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, tertiary butylhydroquinone, TBHQ + 0.01% citric acid, and 0.01% citric acid. Inverse relationships were noted between peroxide values and oxidative stabilities and also between secondary oxidation products, measured by anisidine value, and oxidative stabilities at termination of the storage of antoxidant‐treated crudes. Tertiary butylhydroquinone was most effective, followed by butylated hydroxyanisole,3,5‐di‐t‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyanisole, and propyl gallate, in decreasing order, with respect to retardment of oxidative deterioration of stored crude whale oil. All antioxidant‐treated crudes were alkali refined and steam deodorized. Stability times of deodorized oils from crudes treated with butylated hydroxyanisole,3,5‐di‐t‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate and citric acid ranged from 13.5–18 days at 30 C. Deodorized oils from tertiary butylhydroquinone‐and tertiary butylhydroquinone‐citric acid‐treated crudes gave much longer stability times against oxidative deterioration at 30 C, viz. 49.5 and 56 days, respectively. The major factor that contributed to the improvement in oxidative stability and caused continued effectiveness of tertiary butylhydroquinone even after deodorization was the carry‐through of the antioxidant and its oxidation products from the crude into the deodorized oil. If tertiary butylhydroquinone‐stabilized crude oils are deodorized, the residual antioxidant and its oxidation products should be determined quantitatively by adequate analytical methods and be included as part of the food‐approved antioxidants in processed edible oils.
Linolenic acid artifacts from the deodorization of oils
Authors: Ackman R. G. , Hooper S. N. , Hooper D. L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGas liquid chromatography on polar open tubular columns of the methyl esters of fatty acids from vegetable oils shows that the linolenic acid in deodorized oils is accompanied by two major artifacts identified as cis‐9,cis‐12,trans‐15 and trans‐9,cis‐12,cis‐15 isomers. Physicochemical studies, isolation, and partial degradation steps showed two additional isomers with trans‐9,cis‐12,trans‐15 and cis‐9,trans‐12,cis‐15 structures. Gas liquid chromatography also showed that linoleic acid was accompanied by the trans‐9,cis‐12 isomer. These artifacts were not present in unrefined oils or bleached oils but could be induced by deodorization in the laboratory. Proportions of the two major artifacts in total 18:3ω3 are given for some vegetable oils from the retail market.
Expansion of solidifying saturated fats
Authors: Hvolby A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFrom literature it appears that simple saturated triglycerides and commercial fats contract to a considerable extent when they undergo transformation from liquid to solid state and from an instable to a more stable crystalline form. In spite of these facts, the simple saturated even triglycerides and some fully hydrogenated fats exhibit violent solidification expansion by voluntary cooling. Solidification experiments carried out with several saturated even triglycerides and fats under various solidification conditions have shown that the solidification expansion tendency depends upon the chemical composition of the fat, as well as on the solidification conditions. The solidification expansion tendency is increased by various more or less independent factors, namely decreasing iodine value, increasing fatty acid and triglyceride uniformity, increasing triglyceride symmetry, increasing tendency to rapid formation of the stable β crystals, seeding with β crystals, voluntary cooling, moderate cooling velocity, and increasing bulk amount of fat. All the expanded solidified fats ended up being in the β crystalline form, whereas the nonexpanded fats ended up with the β’ form. The solidification expansion is avoidable by careful control of the cooling procedure.
Gas chromatographic analysis of nonionic surfactants by acid cleavage of ether linkages
Authors: Tsuji Kazuro , Konishi Kazuo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe gas chromatographic analysis of various kinds of nonionic surfactants has been carried out after chemical decomposition using the mixed anhydride of acetic and p‐toluene sulfonic acids which acts as a reagent for cleavage of ether linkages. The gas chromatographic peaks of the reaction products show the alkyl distributions of the hydrophobic groups of ethylene oxide adducts. The alkyl compositions closely agree with those of the starting materials. In this way, the hydrophobic groups of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl amine, and polyoxyethylene alkyl thioether have been analyzed. At the same time, the hydrophilic group, namely polyoxyethylene group, can be identified in the form of ethylene glycol diacetate.
Production, chemistry, and commercial applications of various chemicals from castor oil
Authors: Naughton Frank C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe presence of a hydroxyl group, in addition to an olefinic linkage, in the predominating fatty acid of castor oil gives this vegetable oil many unique and interesting properties. Castor oil consists largely of glycerides of ricinoleic acid or 12‐hydroxy octadecenoic acid. The chemical reactions of castor oil, undecylenic acid, 12‐hydroxylstearic acid, sebacic acid, and nylon 11, depict the uniqueness of this agricultural oil. By dehydration, castor oil is converted to a conjugated acid oil similar to tung or oiticica oil. The catalytic dehydration results in the formation of a new double bond in the fatty acid chain. The dehydrated castor oil imparts good flexibility, rapid dry, excellent color retention, and water resistance to protective coatings. The pyrolysis of castor oil cleaves the molecule to produce undecylenic acid and heptaldehyde. The pyrolysis of the methyl ester at 450–550 C results in the formation of methyl 10‐undecylenate. Hydrolysis of the methyl ester gives 10‐undecylenic acid. Hydrogen bromide is added to form 11‐bromo undecanoic, which is ammoniated and condensed to form a nylon polymer. When castor oil is added slowly to an 80% caustic solution, the sodium ricinoleate formed splits to form sodium sebacate and capryl alcohol. Sebacic acid is condensed with hexamethylene diamine to form nylon 6,10. The commercial application of castor oil derivatives in urethanes, starch gel modifiers, medium chain triglycerides, and thixotropic additives is reviewed briefly.
Feeding encapsulated oils to increase the polyunsaturation in milk and meat fat
Authors: Edmondson L. F. , Yoncoskie R. A. , Rainey N. H. , Douglas F. W. , Bitman Joel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMethods of preparing encapsulated, or protected vegetable oil supplements for feeding ruminant animals to increase the polyunsaturation in milk and meat fat are outlined. The C 18:2 content of milk from cows fed increasing amounts of protected safflower oil during a 6 week dose‐response experiment increased from 3 to 30% of total fat. At high levels of C 18:2 in milk fat, whole milks tended to develop an oxidized flavor, which was slight in fresh raw milk but increased markedly after 24 hr. Addition of an antioxidant to fresh milk suppressed this off‐flavor. Creams containing high levels of C 18:2 required longer aging times than normal cream for satisfactory churning. Butter containing 16% or more of C 18:2 was soft and somewhat sticky but was much more readily spreadable at refrigerator temperatures than normal butter. Veal fat from supplement fed calves had four times as much C 18:2 as fat from controls.
Use of oleic acid derivatives to accelerate drying of thompson seedless grapes
Authors: Petrucci Vincent , Canata Nick , Bolin H. R. , Fuller G. , Stafford A. E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPilot scale procedures were developed for the use of fatty acid ester emulsions to decrease the time to dry the Thompson seedless grapes to raisins. Both sun and mechanical drying were used in these experiments. Mechanically harvested grapes were dipped in a 1% or 2% fatty acid ester emulsion and dehydrated at drying times less than those required for the soda‐dipped raisins. Spraying grapes on the vine with a commercial ethyl ester mixture, which contained an emulsifier and added potassium carbonate, allowed the grapes to dry faster than the conventional sun drying procedures. These procedures produced light colored raisins of acceptable quality. In addition, these methods show savings by decreasing labor costs.
Fatty acid derivatives and glycolipids in high‐protein bakery products
Authors: Tsen Cho C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHigh‐protein bakery foods, particularly breads, are ideal for alleviating protein malnutrition in poverty areas of the world. Fortifying wheat flour with a high level of protein‐rich additives like soy flour can, however, induce adverse effects upon dough properties and bread quality. Several fatty acid derivatives, including sucroesters, fatty esters of polyalkoxylated polyoglycosides, sodium or calcium stearoyl‐2 lactylate, and ethoxylated monoglycerides and glycolipids, recently have been shown to improve effectively the baking performance of wheat flour fortified with soy flour. The nutritional benefits of high‐protein breads are reported with results from feeding studies using the breads in diets of experimental rats. The possible mechanisms concerning the improving action of fatty acid derivatives are proposed and discussed.
Industrial applications for animal fatty oils
Authors: Hermann Christopher L. , McGlade Joseph J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSome of the animal fats that are by‐products of the meat packing industry can become a valuable commodity for certain other portions of our nation's economy. This paper reviews the types of raw materials used, as well as the manufacturing techniques employed to manufacture these by‐products into useful animal oils. The industrial uses for these oils include, not only petroleum and metal processing, but also the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. These oils also can be reacted chemically to produce various extreme pressure additives for the petroleum industry. In some areas it is even replacing the oil from the sperm whale whose use has been banned within the U.S.
Pain in pediatric oncology — children's and parents' perspectives
Authors: Zernikow Boris , Meyerhoff Ulrike , Michel Erik , Wiesel Thomas , Hasan Carola , Janssen Gisela , Kuhn Nana , Kontny Udo , Fengler Rüdiger , Görtitz Irene , Andler Werner 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThere is a lack of valid epidemiological data on malignancy‐associated pain in modern pediatric oncology. Pediatric oncology patients (self‐assessment) and their parents from 28 hospitals were questioned using age‐adapted, structured interviews and validated pain assessment tools. Pain intensity was measured by the NRS and Bieri faces scale. We conducted 363 interviews with patients and their parents, and 46 with the parents alone (if patients <2.5 years). Pain was reported at the time of the interview or within the last 24 h, 7 d, or 4 weeks in 15%, 28%, 50% and 58% of cases, respectively. The proportion of patients suffering severe to maximal pain (NRS > 3; Bieri > 2) increased significantly (p = 0.001, χ2 test). The median pain intensity for the most severe pain episode within the last 4 weeks was 6.7 (NRS 0–10). Adverse effects of anti‐tumor therapy were the most frequent cause of pain. Multivariate analyses depicted general physical condition either “severely reduced” (ASA status 3) (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.1‐14.7, p = 0.037) or “moderately reduced” (ASA status 2) (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1‐2.9, p = 0.018), “in‐patient status” (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2‐2.9, p = 0.010), and “co‐morbidity present” (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1‐10.7, p = 0.030) as risk factors for severe to maximal pain. General anesthesia was the only factor significantly (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05‐0.39, p < 0.01) associated with a reduction in the proportion of patients suffering severe to maximal pain during bone marrow aspiration. Our data emphasize both the importance of in‐house acute pain control and the need for general anesthesia during painful procedures in pediatric oncology.
Congenital cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension: Another fatal variant of cytochrome‐c oxidase deficiency
Authors: Venditti C. P. , Harris M. C. , Huff D. , Peterside I. , Munson D. , Weber H. S. , Rome J. , Kaye E. M. , Shanske S. , Sacconi S. , Tay S. , DiMauro S. , Berry G. T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: Biventricular hypertrophy was noted at 24 weeks' gestation in a fetus with isolated cytochrome‐c oxidase (COX) deficiency. Shock, caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe pulmonary hypertension, led to the patient's death on day 6. His phenotype defines a new lethal variant of COX deficiency characterized by prenatal‐onset cardiopulmonary pathophysiology.
NPT4, a new microsomal phosphate transporter: Mutation analysis in glycogen storage disease type Ic
Authors: Melis D. , Havelaar A. C. , Verbeek E. , Smit G. P. A. , Benedetti A. , Mancini G. M. S. , Verheijen F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: Deficiency of a microsomal phosphate transporter in the liver has been suggested in some patients affected by glycogen storage disease type Ic (GSD Ic). Several Na+/phosphate co‐transporters have been characterized as members of the anion‐cation symporter family. Recently, the cDNA sequence of two phosphate transporters, NPT3 and NPT4, expressed in liver, kidney and intestine, has been determined. We studied expression of human NPT4 in COS cells and observed an ER localization of the transporter by immunofluorescence microscopy. We speculated that this transporter could play a role in the regulation of the glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6‐Pase) complex. We revealed the genomic structure of NPT4 and analysed the gene as a candidate for GSD Ic. DNA was collected from five patients without mutations in G6‐Pase or the G6‐P transporter gene. DNA analysis of NPT4 revealed that one patient was heterozygous for a G>A transition at nucleotide 601 which would result in a G201R substitution. Our results do not confirm the hypothesis that this gene is mutated in GSD Ic patients. However, we cannot exclude that the mutation found reduces the phosphate transport efficiency, possibly modulating the G6‐Pase complex.
Assessing the severity of the small inframe deletion mutation in the α‐subunit of β‐hexosaminidase A found in the Turkish population by reproducing it in the more stable β‐subunit
Authors: Sinici İ. , Tropak M. B. , Mahuran D. J. , Özkara H. A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of panethnic lysosomal storage diseases in which GM2 ganglioside accumulates in the lysosome due to a defect in one of three genes, two of which encode the α‐ or β‐subunits of β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase (Hex) A. A small inframe deletion mutation in the catalytic domain of the α‐subunit of Hex has been found in five Turkish patients with infantile Tay‐Sachs disease. To date it has not been detected in other populations and is the only mutation to be found in exon 10. It results in detectable levels of inactive α‐protein in its precursor form. Because the α‐ and β‐subunits share 60% sequence identity, the Hex A and Hex B genes are believed to have arisen from a common ancestral gene. Thus the subunits must share very similar three‐dimensional structures with conserved functional domains. Hex B, the β‐subunit homodimer is more stable than the heterodimeric Hex A, and much more stable than Hex S, the α homodimer. Thus, mutations that completely destabilize the α‐subunit can often be partially rescued if expressed in the aligned positions in the β‐subunit. To better understand the severity of the Turkish HEXA mutation, we reproduced the 12 bp deletion mutation (1267‐1278) in the β‐subunit cDNA. Western blot analysis of permanently transfected CHO cells expressing the mutant detected only the pro‐form of the β‐subunit coupled with a total lack of detectable Hex B activity. These data indicate that the deletion of the four amino acids severely affects the folding of even the more stable β‐subunit, causing its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and ultimate degradation.