bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth patterns: are the Chinese in Guangzhou City different?
Authors: Wang Zhi Jin , Avard Denise , Abernathy Tom , Nimrod Carl 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDiurnal birth patterns in the City of Guangzhou, China and the City of Calgary in Canada were compared. Chinese data were abstracted from the labor room log book of one large general hospital located in the Hai Zhu district of Guangzhou. Calgary birth data were abstracted from birth notification forms submitted to Calgary Health Services. Information included day of birth, time of delivery, type of delivery and parity. Calgary births are concentrated on Tuesdays to Fridays whereas in Guangzhou weekly patterns varied tremendously according to whether it was assisted or unassisted. Calgary births are below average at night and during evening shift. The time of birth in Guangzhou varied substantially with above average rates for non‐assisted births noted at 0800–2400 h, and above average rates for assisted births noted at 0800–1700 h. Differences in hour of birth appeared to be related to obstetric intervention practices. Knowledge of birthing patterns are useful for effective hospital management.
The implications of childbearing in postpubertal girls in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Adetoro O.O. , Agah A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 337 young post‐pubertal delivered mothers was compared with other parturient women in Sokoto University Teaching Hospital (S.U.T.H.) during a 1‐year period. In this analysis, late booking was identified as the most important factor that directly affects the perinatal outcome in young postpubertal pregnant mothers. The problems of postpubertal pregnancy were highlighted in order to motivate individuals towards family planning.
Mitral valve prolapse and thromboembolic disease in pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Bergh P.A. , Hollander D. , Gregori C.A. , Breen J.L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMitral valve prolapse is usually a benign condition, however, serious complications have been reported to be associated with it. A report of retinal artery occlusion associated with mitral valve prolapse and pregnancy is presented.
Pelvic assessment and cephalo‐pelvic disproportion in Central Tanzania
Authors: Bauer O. , Kingu R. , Laussen T. , Mbwana K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAmong 201 primigravidae, pelvic assessment was analyzed prospectively during the third trimester to detect patients likely to suffer from cephalo‐pelvic disproportion (CPD). If the sacral promontory (SP) was reached by the index finger (9.0–9.5 cm true conjugate) the pelvis was regarded as “suspect”. All patients who later developed CPD were in this group. Of the screened primigravidas, 22% were advised to deliver in the hospital. Pelvic assessment is an important screening tool during antenatal care to detect high‐risk primigravidas.
Eclampsia and placental abruption: basic patterns, management and morbidity
Authors: López‐Llera M M. , de la Luz Espinosa M M. , Arratia S C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe clinical analysis of 46 cases of abruptio placentae complicating eclampsia showed that, (1) the severity of the eclamptic symptoms influenced the extension of the placental separation, (2) older and multiparous women had more complications, larger placental separations and higher mortality, (3) there were ten maternal deaths due to the additive effects of various complications, (4) total perinatal mortality was 44.7% and it was 40.5% for fetuses above 1000 g, (5) optimum timing of delivery by cesarean operation offered slightly better prognosis, even in cases with antepartum fetal death, (6) the dominant factor for morbidity was the stage reached by the combined pathology before receiving qualified medical care, and (7) the wide variability of these cases suggested that the basis for the complete management should be a series of sound and individually tailored decisions to be carried out in a reasonably short time.
The incidence, sociobiological factors and obstetric complications associated with large infants at Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Fakeye O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe study examined the incidence, sociobiological factors and obstetric complications related to the deliveries of 351 large infants, weighing 4000 g and above, and compared them to the findings among controls, comprising of 6563 full‐size term infants; all deliveries took place at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, June–December, 1983. Large infants constituted 4.7% of singleton deliveries and the male/female ratio among large infants was significantly higher than among controls. Significant associations were found in the occurrence of large infants with increasing age, parity and weight, but not with height. Large infants occurred more frequently among the high social class women who could pay for health services. Rate of cesarean section and postpartum hemorrhage increased four‐fold with deliveries of large infants. Shoulder dystocia complicated six deliveries resulting in four stillbirths and two cases of Erb's palsy. It is advocated that prenatal screening for gestational diabetes be performed on mothers with advanced maternal age, high parity, overweight and particularly of high social class.
Complications associated with genital colonization in pregnancies with and without cerclage
Authors: Kessler I. , Shoham (Schwartz) Z. , Lancet M. , Blickstein I. , Yemini M. , Miskin A. , Mogilner B.M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCultures from the cervical milieu were taken from 24 antibiotic‐treated patients (group A) and from 25 patients with no antibiotic treatment (group B). Both groups had undergone cerclage and were compared to 30 randomly chosen pregnant patients without cerclage (group C). Positive cultures were obtained in 70.8% and 48% before cerclage and in 66.7% and 68% after cerclage in groups A and B, respectively. These were not significantly different from group C (56.7%). Escherichia coli was found in over 75% of positive cultures. The rate of premature deliveries and premature rupture of the membranes were significantly higher in the cerclage groups. Maternal morbidity was significantly higher in group A compared to B and C. Our data suggest that bacterial colonization of the cervix and the vagina is not influenced by cerclage and antibiotics. It is concluded that cervical cerclage is associated with increased morbidity, therefore it is indicated only for definite anatomic and/or functional defects.
Differential rates of carcinoma of cervix uteri among the Chagga and Pares of Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania
Authors: Kitinya J.N. , Lauren P.A. , Kajembe A.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCervical cancer is the commonest cancer among females in Northern Tanzania. Female Pares showed a higher age specific incidence rate especially in the older age groups (50–65 years) compared to Chagga females. The incidence per year per 100,000 women, corrected to the standard African population was 5.0 in Moshi and 9.6 in Pare, during the study period. Both of these ethnic groups live in a limited geographic region and are culturally similar. The higher rate of cervical cancer among the Pares seems to be due to their increased sexual activity which is usually with several male partners.
Family planning practice among Nigerian student midwives
Authors: Adetoro O.O. , Anate M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn analysis of the various contraceptive methods practiced by a total of 462 student midwives from the Northern and Southern parts of Nigeria over a 3‐years period is presented. The differences in age distribution, the type of contraceptive agents used, the reasons for using them, and the side effects in the two groups are statistically significant. The need to provide acceptable contraceptive advice to the rural communities by the midwives is discussed.
The problem of grandmultiparity in current obstetric practice
Authors: Mwambingu F.T. , Al Meshari A.A. , Akiel A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 646 Arab grandmultiparas who booked for hospital confinement between 1983 and 1985 was carried out. The results were compared with that of non‐grandmultiparas during the same period. In the grandmultiparas, the incidences of gestational diabetes, hypertension rheumatic heart disease, antepartum, postpartum hemorrhage and macrosomic infants were increased. However, contrary to some previous reports the incidences of anemia, cesarean sections, induced labor, dysmaturity and perinatal deaths were decreased. This is thought to be due to the provision of modern specialist perinatal care and improved socio‐economic standards.
Pelvic fibromatoses — a rare gynecological entity
Authors: Buckshee K. , Mittal S. , Agarwal N. , Chellani M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA rare case of pelvic fibromatoses is reported. This condition is rarely encountered in gynecological practice but when encountered, creates a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The reported patient highlights the difficulties encountered in surgical excision (done twice) and illustrates the local aggressive growth behavior of this entity.
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring during cesarean section in cases of fetal distress
Authors: Petrikovsky B.M. , Cohen M. , Tancer M.L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwelve fetuses in whom the diagnosis of fetal distress was made during first stage of labor were included in the study. All 12 patients underwent urgent cesarean section during which fetal heart rate (FHR) was recorded continuously. In 50% of the cases, marked improvement of FHR was registered early in the course of the operation. Improvement in fetal status is attributed to adequate oxygenation and cessation of uterine activity.
Bari district birthweight study: Comparison with the Bristol perinatal growth chart
Authors: Diaferia A. , D'Agostino G. , Ceci O. , Locorotondo V. , Tartagni M. , Loizzi P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe studied the neonatal weight distribution of 15,298 newborns from the Bari District at various gestational ages by the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. After analysis, we constructed a growth chart following the method of Dunn. By comparing our results with those of Dunn's Bristol Perinatal Growth Chart, we found a weight difference of +4.5% in our population. This difference may be related to ethnic as well as socioeconomic factors.
Antenatal screening for syphilis at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria — A six year survey
Authors: Gini P.C. , Chukudebelu W.O. , Njoku‐Obi A.N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBetween January 1979 and December 1984, 29,083 out of 42,515 antenatal patients booking at the Antenatal Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, underwent full screening for syphilis. The results showed that 890 patients (3.06%) had positive VDRL test. Of those that reacted positively in the VDRL test, 103 (11.6%) had positive TPHA test. A prevalence rate of sero‐positivity of 0.35% was obtained indicating a low incidence of syphilis in our pregnant women compared with results from other parts of Nigeria. A strong recommendation was made to treat all seropositive cases whether there was historical or clinical confirmation of syphilis or not.
Cervical ripening with intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel
Authors: Curet L.B. , Gauger L.J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFifty‐four patients were randomized in a double blind fashion into either a placebo group or a group treated with a 3 mg dose of an intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel. The group receiving the prostaglandin E2 gel had a mean change in cervical score of 2.7 while the patients in the placebo group had no significant change. Even though a significantly higher number of patients in the prostaglandin group went into spontaneous labor, the incidence of cesarean section was not different between the two groups. Upon comparing the conflicting reports of various studies on the subject, it is concluded that the method of product preparation, particularly the source of prostaglandin E2 utilized and the choice of drug vehicle, may be important variables in determining treatment success, as measured in terms of decreased cesarean section rate.
The relation of the true conjugate to maternal height and obstetric performance in Ghanaians
Authors: Adadevoh S.W.K. , Hobbs C. , Elkins T.E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe true conjugate was determined intraoperatively with a caliper in 114 Ghanaian women and was correlated with their height, obstetric performance and fetal dimensions. Those patients undergoing cesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion (Group Ia) were found to have a significantly shorter mean true conjugate (9.54 cm ± 0.63 S.D.) and mean body height (152.68 cm ± 5.46 S.D.) and a smaller true conjugate — fetal biparietal diameter difference (10.93 mm) than those who had no cephalopelvic disproportion (Group Ib) and whose mean measurements were 10.61 cm ± 0.81 S.D., 157.20 cm ± 5.69 S.D. and 21.50 mm, respectively (P = 0.0001). Recommendations for appropriate referral of rural clinic patients and for selection of patients for repeat cesarean sections are based on the above findings.
Endometriosis: incidence among the Igbos of Nigeria
Authors: Osefo N.J. , Okeke B.C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA retrospective study of the incidence of endometriosis among the Igbos was undertaken. The incidence was 4.3% in patients with pelvic operations. This is the highest incidence ever reported for Nigeria. Differences in educational standards, ethnic habits and improved diagnostic resources of this hospital were the possible influencing factors; 90.8% of the cases were not diagnosed before operation, demonstrating the lack of awareness. Differential diagnostic considerations for menstrual disorders should include endometriosis in this environment.
Psychosexual aspects of virilization syndrome
Authors: Chavis W.M. , LaFerla J.J. , Brown J.C. , Keith R.B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case is reported of a 35‐year‐old black woman with marked hirsuitism. The focus is on the psychosexual aspects of her illness. Physicians must attend to the potentially devastating effects of virilization syndrome on their female patients.
Obstetric outcome among Vietnamese refugees in Hong Kong: an age‐matched case‐controlled study
Authors: King P.A. , Duthie S.J. , Li D.F.H. , Ma H.K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe obstetric performance of 308 Vietnamese refugees is compared with that of 308 age‐matched Hong Kong Chinese patients. Vietnamese women were of higher parity and had an increased incidence of late booking and unreliable dates. Significant differences were found in the incidence of previous termination of pregnancy, iron‐deficiency anemia, parasitic infestation, tuberculosis (TB) and syphilis. There was no significant difference in the mean birthweight between the two groups. However, there were twice as many low birthweight (< 2500 g) infants amongst the Vietnamese whereas the Chinese patients had a higher incidence of macrosomic (> 4 kg) infants. There were no perinatal deaths and no significant perinatal morbidity.
A multifactorial study of birth place options: improving health care delivery in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rasheed P. , Khan A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough consumer demands may dictate a review of the highly mechanized and sophisticated technology of obstetric care provided in some parts of the western world, problems in Saudi Arabia revolve around under‐utilization of health care facilities for maternity care and the consequences of this circumstance. A multifactorial analysis was performed to study the association of certain social correlates with options for birth settings in a rural region of the Kingdom. Age and educational level of the mother were found to be highly significant (P < 0.005) variables influencing the choice for place of delivery, whereas economic status (P > 0.1) and housing conditions (NS) tailed to make an equally impressive contribution. Within the constraints of available health care manpower at the local level, suggestions are made for the best strategy to successfully educate mothers for safer options in birth.
Obstetric anesthetic outpatient clinics: an international survey
Authors: Hamar O. , Garamvölgyi G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn international investigation was undertaken into practices of pre‐anesthetic evaluation provided for obstetrical patients in outpatient clinics. A questionnaire was completed by 21/36 (58%) obstetric units. Only 5 (23%) had an outpatient clinic for pre‐anesthetic evaluation of the obstetric patient, but in 10 (37%) anesthetists take part in the prenatal examinations and give advice in cases of complicated pregnancy.
Maternal ECG recorded by internal monitoring closely mimicking fetal heart rate in a recent fetal death
Authors: Herman A. , Ron‐El R. , Arieli S. , Schreyer P. , Caspi E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case of intrapartum fetal death in which the maternal heart rate was recorded by internal fetal monitoring is presented. The electrical activity of the maternal heart was transmitted via the fetal body and the recording mimicked a “normal” fetal heart rate (FHR). The patient was referred because of sudden abdominal pain and bleeding; doppler fetal heart tones were not heard. Because internal monitoring was synchronous with the maternal pulse, ultrasonography was performed and established the diagnosis of fetal demise. Awareness and usage of simple modalities are mandatory for proper diagnosis in such cases.
Professional education and training for trainers
Authors: Naylor A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThere is a worldwide need for health professionals knowledgeable in lactation physiology and breastfeeding management. The seven step Wellstart education program is aimed at physician‐nurse teams from teaching hospitals in developing nations. In its 6 years of operation, it has taught 64 such teams, whose members have in turn taught others in their own countries. This success demonstrates the possibility for a major contribution to promoting breastfeeding.
The mothers' support group role in the health care system
Authors: Kyenkya‐Isabirye M. , Magalheas R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWomen have a need for one‐to‐one information and support from the health care system about breastfeeding and often they do not get it. Many experienced breastfeeding mothers have formed mothers' support groups to fill that need. As a necessity these groups train their members and ensure they are updated with scientific and other knowledge related to infant health and breastfeeding. In many places, these voluntary groups are working within health care systems and have proved an invaluable adjunct to the professional staff. They should have a role worldwide in counseling new mothers within health care, training health workers and mothers to be leaders and counselors, and helping in planning breastfeeding material and conferences.
Breastfeeding promotion: Training of mid‐level and outreach health workers
Authors: Armstrong H.C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe International Baby Food Action Network Africa Regional Office (IBFAN Africa) has given thirteen courses in lactation management to subSaharan health workers. The aims of training, the process of running national courses in collaboration with local organizers, and the content of one‐ to two‐week courses are described. Available teaching resources include books, abstracts, films and slide sets. Forty topics are suggested for mid‐level training, with a sample exercise teaching observation of a breastfeed. A two‐week course leads participants through four stages of attitude change. Obstacles to training are listed and solutions recommended.
Technical working group A report: Breastfeeding promotion and support in hospitals and maternity care institutions
Authors: Greiner Ted , Baumslag Naomi , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this workshop was to design a general strategy for the development of activities to promote and support breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity care institutions. Several components were proposed for the success of the strategy: a strong commitment by a person with power; administrative backing; trained personnel; and consumer support. Designing a plan of action for a particular institution therefore requires the identification of allies within the institution; the identification of the agents for change; an assessment of what the institution is doing to promote or thwart breastfeeding; and an assessment of the forces that promote or thwart change.
Maternal sickle cell trait is not a cause of low birthweight in Nigerian neonates
Authors: Okonofua F.E. , Odutayo R. , Onwudiegwu U. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAs a result of reports of reduced birthweight in neonates of mothers with hemoglobin AS (Hb‐AS) in other populations, we compared birthweights in 57 Hb‐AS primigravidas in Nigeria with 60 controls who were sickle negative. There was no statistically significant difference in mean birthweight or placental weight between the groups. This finding may be due to development of resistance against malaria infection by Hb‐AS women in this population.
Neonatal neurological morbidity in relation to obstetrical and social conditions in Grenada (Caribbean)
Authors: Atsma A.W. , Berntsen S.F. , Scheenstra R. , Hadders‐Algra M. , Boersma E.R. , Huisjes H.J. , Touwen B.C.L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNeonatal morbidity, in particular neurological morbidity is a more relevant measure of the effectiveness of obstetrical care than perinatal mortality. Neurological morbidity was assessed in a birth cohort in Grenada, and appeared to be lower than in a reference group examined in Groningen, the Netherlands, in 1975–1978. Perinatal mortality, however, was higher. The results support the thesis that some children may have died who, if they would have survived, would have been neurologically abnormal. It is concluded that whereas a decrease in perinatal deaths is an essential goal in Grenada, a concomitant increase in morbidity should be carefully avoided.
Nuclear magnetic resonance in obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Klimek R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe modern gynecologist has access to real time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images. This approach leads to an appreciation of the structure and function of an organ at the atomic level. The combination of NMR imaging and spectroscopy leads to images of female pelvic organs whose appearance is dependent not only on the reproductive and hormonal status of these structures, but also on the physical specifications of the scanner, the main magnetic field and the radiofrequency pulses as well as the time elapsed between them. The basis of gynecological diagnosis is at its optimum with NMR local coils in a time of only 20–25 ms with a resolution and penetration depth that has never before been achieved. Many obstetric and gynecologic investigations are best interpreted by a gynecologist's personal experience with USG, CT or angio‐, veno‐ and lymphography. Such an individual can best evaluate NMR findings with three‐dimensional pictures, in real‐time, of fetal heart beat, on the one hand, to tumor staging on the other.
Uterine rupture — an analysis of 81 cases in Conakry/Guinea
Authors: Balde M.D. , Breitbach G.P. , Bastert G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEighty‐one cases of uterine rupture in Conakry/Guinea are analyzed. With an incidence of 0.84%, i.e. 1 per 119 deliveries, uterine rupture is still a common problem in this region. In this analysis fetal mortality was found to be 75.3% and maternal mortality 20.9%. Mortality rates were statistically higher after hysterectomy than after repair. Other etiologic factors were extreme multiparity and an inadequate transfer system to the obstetric centers. A reduction of uterine rupture rates can be achieved by prevention of extreme multiparity (more than 4 deliveries) and of home deliveries and decentralization of obstetric services into peripheral units and villages.