bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Burnout and Depression in Nurses During the COVID-19
Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saeedi Amin , Pooladvand Vahid , Domari Asma Amiri , Raesi Rasoul , Oruei Sara , Hushmandi Kiavash , Daneshi Salman , Eskandari Mohadeseh 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Job burnout is linked to various negative physical and mental effects. In
nursing, burnout can result in depression due to the stressful nature of the profession.

Aim:
This research aimed to examine job burnout and depression among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:
This cross-sectional study utilized a census method to assess 155 nurses working at the
Imam Khomeini Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Data were collected face-to-face
using a three-part questionnaire, which included demographic information, the Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI-13), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The analysis of the data was performed
using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests, t-tests, and analysis of variance in SPSS-22 statistical
software, with a significance level set at less than 0.05.

Results:
The frequency of individuals exhibiting moderate and severe depression symptoms was
reported as 20.6% and 4.6%, respectively. Among hospital nurses, 23.2% experienced emotional
exhaustion burnout, 7.4% faced depersonalization, and 57.5% reported feelings of ineffectiveness.
Young and single individuals with long working hours were found to be more vulnerable to burnout
compared to their colleagues, and a significant relationship was found between depression and job
burnout.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of both depression and job burnout among nurses was notably high,
with a significant relationship observed between these two variables. The findings highlight an urgent
need for proactive measures to tackle the mental health challenges faced by nurses. By implementing
targeted interventions, establishing support systems, and fostering a culture of well-being,
the nursing profession can thrive, ensuring optimal care delivery and enhancing the overall wellbeing
of healthcare professionals.
Human Stem Cells for Drug Toxicity Evaluation: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Idris Mohammed , Nawaz Shaik Sarfaraz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Conducting repeated-dose toxicity testing is essential in the health risk assessment process. Currently, evaluating human safety relies heavily on animal studies to identify toxicity endpoints due to the absence of suitable human in vitro cell systems designed for regulatory pur-poses. However, reliance on animal models exhibiting inter-species variations often results in inaccurate predictions of toxicity in humans, resulting in the late-stage elimination of tested sub-stances. Consequently, the cosmetic industry is actively searching for dependable human cell systems for repeated-dose toxicity assessments. Due to boundless human pluripotent cell’s ability to differentiate and proliferate into diverse cell types, these cells are considered a valuable and cost-effective resource for the development of organotypic cells. These cells are crucial for as-sessing long-term human organ toxicity. The recent advancements in high-throughput in vitro screening platforms and artificial intelligence present a promising avenue for the development and exploration of human biomarkers for repeated-dose toxicity in cellular in vitro models.
Analisa Kelayakan Ekonomi Pada Sistem Penyediaan Air Baku di Desa Pomahan, Kecamatan Pulung, Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Faris Rifqi Himawan  , Sri Wahyuni  , Emma Yuliani  
Published: January 2025

Desa Pomahan terletak di Kecamatan Pulung Kabupaten Ponorogo, daerah tersebut dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air masyarakatnya masih menggunakan sistem jaringan yang dibangun secara sederhana dan hanya bisa dinikmati oleh sebagian penduduk desa. Sehingga, diperlukan upaya perencanaan sistem jaringan distribusi air baku yang layak guna memenuhi kebutuhan air masyarakat Desa Pomahan secara menyeluruh. Studi ini membahas analisa ekonomi pada perencanaan sistem jaringan distribusi air baku dengan usia guna hingga tahun 2041. Hasil dari analisa tersebut digunakan dalam menentukan harga air yang layak secara ekonomi. Berdasarkan perencanaan menggunakan Software WaterCAD V8i, diketahui bahwa jumlah penduduk Desa Pomahan pada tahun 2041 yaitu 5.239 jiwa dengan rerata kebutuhan air sebesar 5,021 lt/dt. Hasil perhitungan analisa biaya yang dikeluarkan yaitu biaya modal sebesar Rp.376.577.290,00 per tahun dan biaya operasional sebesar Rp. 135.492.480,00 per tahun. Analisis ekonomi menghasilkan nilai rasio biaya manfaat sebesar 1,09, selisih biaya manfaat sebesar 46.216.930,40, Internal Rate of Return sebesar 7,3%, dan Payback Period (PBP) selama 9,5 tahun dengan tingkat suku bunga 6%. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi, penetapan harga air yang layak adalah kisaran sebesar Rp. 3.935,00/m3 hingga Rp. 4.290,00/m3.
Novel Evaluation Metric and Quantified Performance of ChatGPT-4 Patient Management Simulations for Early Clinical Education: Experimental Study
Authors: Scherr Riley , Spina Aidin , Dao Allen , Andalib Saman , Halaseh Faris F , Blair Sarah , Wiechmann Warren , Rivera Ronald 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Case studies have shown ChatGPT can run clinical simulations at the medical student level. However, no data have assessed ChatGPT’s reliability in meeting desired simulation criteria such as medical accuracy, simulation formatting, and robust feedback mechanisms.

Objective
This study aims to quantify ChatGPT’s ability to consistently follow formatting instructions and create simulations for preclinical medical student learners according to principles of medical simulation and multimedia educational technology.

Methods
Using ChatGPT-4 and a prevalidated starting prompt, the authors ran 360 separate simulations of an acute asthma exacerbation. A total of 180 simulations were given correct answers and 180 simulations were given incorrect answers. ChatGPT was evaluated for its ability to adhere to basic simulation parameters (stepwise progression, free response, interactivity), advanced simulation parameters (autonomous conclusion, delayed feedback, comprehensive feedback), and medical accuracy (vignette, treatment updates, feedback). Significance was determined with χ² analyses using 95% CIs for odds ratios.

Results
In total, 100% (n=360) of simulations met basic simulation parameters and were medically accurate. For advanced parameters, 55% (200/360) of all simulations delayed feedback, while the Correct arm (157/180, 87%) delayed feedback was significantly more than the Incorrect arm (43/180, 24%; P<.001). A total of 79% (285/360) of simulations concluded autonomously, and there was no difference between the Correct and Incorrect arms in autonomous conclusion (146/180, 81% and 139/180, 77%; P=.36). Overall, 78% (282/360) of simulations gave comprehensive feedback, and there was no difference between the Correct and Incorrect arms in comprehensive feedback (137/180, 76% and 145/180, 81%; P=.31). ChatGPT-4 was not significantly more likely to conclude simulations autonomously (P=.34) and provide comprehensive feedback (P=.27) when feedback was delayed compared to when feedback was not delayed.

Conclusions
These simulations have the potential to be a reliable educational tool for simple simulations and can be evaluated by a novel 9-part metric. Per this metric, ChatGPT simulations performed perfectly on medical accuracy and basic simulation parameters. It performed well on comprehensive feedback and autonomous conclusion. Delayed feedback depended on the accuracy of user inputs. A simulation meeting one advanced parameter was not more likely to meet all advanced parameters. Further work must be done to ensure consistent performance across a broader range of simulation scenarios.
Studi Karakteristik Kimia Tanah Pada Berbagai Kelerengan di Lahan Agroforestri Berbasis Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis)
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah , Rumondang Jenny , Dinanty Fawwaz , Safira Doani Anggi , Puri Suci Ratna , Farikhah Anisatul , Nisya Dian , Siregar Helmalia Vareira 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The research was conducted on agarwood agroforestry land (Aquilaria malaccensis) in Muaro Pijoan Village, Muaro Jambi Regency, which has an ultisol soil type with a land slope of 3,33% and 7,27%. Agarwood was planted at a distance of 2 x 3 meters on an area of 2 hectares since 2007. Analysis was conducted on various soil chemical properties such as pH, C-Organic, N, P, and K and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) in three locations with different slopes. Results showed that soil pH at the study sites ranged from 4-4,05, indicating very high acidity, while C-Organic and CEC contents were low. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents also varied based on slope, potentially affecting agarwood growth. The highest increments in diameter (0,945 cm/year) and height (0,552 m/year) were observed on land with a 7,27% slope. These findings indicate the importance of soil chemistry and slope in supporting agarwood productivity in ultisol agroforestry.

Keywords: agarwood, nutrient elements, organic carbon, pH

ABSTRAK.
Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan agroforestry berbasis gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) di Desa Muaro Pijoan, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, yang memiliki jenis tanah ultisol dengan kemiringan lahan 3,33% dan 7,27%. Gaharu ditanam pada jarak 2 x 3 meter di lahan seluas 2 hektar sejak tahun 2007. Analisis dilakukan terhadap berbagai sifat kimia tanah seperti pH, C-Organik, N, P, dan K serta Kapasitas Tukar Kation KTK) di tiga lokasi dengan kemiringan berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tanah di lokasi penelitian berkisar pada 4-4,05, menunjukkan tingkat keasaman yang sangat tinggi, sementara kandungan C-Organik dan KTK tergolong rendah. Kandungan nitrogen dan fosfor juga bervariasi berdasarkan kemiringan lahan, yang berpotensi mempengaruhi pertumbuhan gaharu. Riap diameter dan tinggi tanaman gaharu tertinggi ditemukan pada lahan dengan kemiringan 7,27%, dengan riap diameter tahunan rata-rata sebesar 0,945 cm/tanaman/tahun dan riap tinggi sebesar 0,552 m/tanaman/tahun. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya sifat kimia tanah dan kemiringan lahan dalam mendukung produktivitas tanaman gaharu di agroforestri ultisol.

Kata kunci: gaharu, unsur hara, karbon organic, pH
DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES IN STUDENTS’ SHORT STORIES AT STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL (SMAN) 1 KARANGANYAR
Authors: Pepsi Febriyanti  , Budi Santosa Rochmat , Rohardiyanto Irwan 
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the realization of derivational affixes in eleventh-grade students’ writing assignments in the specialization class, which is literature class at State Senior High School (SMAN) 1 Karanganyar. Plag, Carstairs and McCarthy, and Haspelmath and Sims were the theories used in this research. These theories are related to the characteristics of derivational affixes, the kinds of word class changes in derivational affixes, and the categories of derivational affixes. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with the document analysis technique to gather data from eleventh-grade students’ writings. The researcher found 285 words formed through the derivational affixes process. While derivational infixes were not found in the study, the findings show that derivational suffixes are more widely used than derivational prefixes. In short, students applied derivational affixes grammatically correctly in their writings.
A Statistical Approach for Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Smoke Exposure in In Vivo Experiments: A Case Study of an OECD 90-Day Inhalation Study Including 3R4F and 1R6F Reference Cigarettes
Authors: Kondylis Athanasios , Kogel Ulrike , Ho Jenny , Wong EeTsin , Phillips Blaine , Hoeng Julia , Vanscheeuwijck Patrick 
Published: January 2025

Summary

In vivo testing is a crucial part of product development. Most in vivo toxicology studies are conducted in a heavily regulated environment, in accordance with sound scientific principles, and in an ethical manner. Statistical methods are an important component of these scientific principles, and many regulatory authorities provide guidelines or recommendations for statistical analyses and reporting. We propose a rigorous and comprehensive statistical approach to assess the impact of smoke exposure during in vivo comparative studies using statistical equivalence with variable equivalence limits based on historical data. The analysis enables comparison of the effect of a new/test aerosol to its reference/control while leveraging information about reference item variation across multiple studies. This approach is helpful in assessing the relevance of observed effects while incorporating sources of variability estimated using data from the current and previous experiments. The proposed method was used to analyze an OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) 90-day inhalation study to determine the effects of exposure to smoke emitted by the new 1R6F reference cigarette as compared to the older 3R4F reference cigarette. Data from previous OECD 90-day in vivo studies using 3R4F cigarette smoke were used to improve our assessment of the effects observed in the current study.
Influence of neurokinin B, dynorphin A and kisspeptin-10 on in vitro gonadotropin secretion by anterior pituitary cells isolated from pubescent ewes
Authors: Szysiak Natalia , Kosior-Korzecka Urszula , Longo Vincenzo , Patkowski Krzysztof , Greguła-Kania Monika , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Bochniarz Mariola , Junkuszew Andrzej 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The hypothalamic neuropeptides kisspeptin-10 (KiSS-10), neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin A (Dyn A) play roles in the endocrine regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis in puberty. Livestock’s timely attainment of sexual maturity increases reproductive efficiency and raises profitability. The pituitary relationship between these neuropeptides and gonadotropins in puberty in ewes being undercharacterised. The aim of the study was to analyse their direct effect on gonadotropin secretion by pituitary cells isolated from pubescent ewes.

Material and Methods
Cells were incubated in McCoy’s 5A medium, either without neuropeptides (as the control) or with 10−11, 10−10, 10−9, 10−8 and 10−7 M of KiSS-10, NKB and Dyn A. After 4, 12 and 24 h, the luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were analysed by ELISA using species-specific antibodies.

Results
Greater LH and FSH secretion was observed after the 4–24 h exposure to respective 10−11–10−8 M and 10−11–10−7 M concentrations of KiSS-10. Moreover, NKB and Dyn A applied in the concentration range elevated the secretion of both LH and FSH throughout the experiment. Dynorphin A had the most significant effect on gonadotropin secretion at all the concentrations used. In contrast, the most pronounced dose-dependent neuropeptide effect throughout the experiment on the FSH secretion was attributed to NKB.

Conclusion
Kisspeptin-10, NKB and Dyn A had a direct impact on gonadotropin secretion by ovine pituitary cells. However, a detailed explanation of their role in gonadotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary gland in sheep and of their impact on the regulation of the HPO axis during sexual maturation or in the pathomechanism of delayed puberty require further studies.
«Колесо баланса» как педагогический инструмент воспитания навыков самоорганизации старшеклассников в программе ДО «Арт-визаж»
Authors: Галаева Светлана Николаевна 
Published: January 2025

В статье рассмотрены вопросы актуальности навыков самоорганизации старшеклассников, применение инструмента «Колесо баланса» для развития способности подростков самостоятельно организовывать свою деятельность. В качестве примера приведен опыт работы с данным инструментом при построении ИОМ.
The article discusses the relevance of high school students’ self-organization skills and the use of the “Wheel of Balance” tool to develop adolescents’ ability to independently organize their activities. The experience of working with this tool in the construction of an IEP is given as an example.
Monitoring of Main Outfall Drain and Southern Marsh in Iraq by Arithemitic Water Quality Index
Authors: Al-Janabi Zahraa  Zahraw , Maktoof Afrah  A. , Al-Ani Rana  R. , Al-Obaidy Abdul-Hameed  M.  Jawad , TA. Mohammed  M. 
Published: January 2025

This study set out to assess the ecological states to show that the Main Outfall Drain and the Southern Marsh are viable for irrigation use and the preservation of aquatic life. Water quality conditions at four sites were evaluated using the weight model. Samples were taken monthly to calculate the water quality index (WQI) for two seasons, summer of 2021 and winter of 2022. Twenty-six parameters were chosen to apply the WQI: Cl-, CO3-, HCO32-, Ca2+, Mg2+, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), NO3, NO2, NH3, Na+, K+, dissolved Oxygen (DO), water temperature (WT), total dissolved solids (TDS), Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Cr, Zn, Cd, Cu, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) andsoluble sodium percent (SSP).
High levels of Cl, TDS, Cu and Pb were found in all sites during both seasons, and their concentrations were beyond the aquatic life protection criterion. Cl-, Mg2+, pH, EC, Na+, Cu and Cd were above the permissible limit for irrigation uses.
The results of the index for protection of aquatic life and irrigation uses ranged between 72.12–372.47 and 131.24–158.1 respectively. The WQI's ultimate rating ranged from very poor to unfit for both purposes. Therefore, only tolerant species may find this water quality acceptable which is insufficient to support the presence of diverse aquatic life.
Study of the Association of Some Tumor Markers and Serum Protein Electrophoresis Patterns with Breast Cancer in Iraqi Population
Authors: Awachti Yassin B. Ridha , Sahib Dina Hamid , Alfaily Jwan.Y.B. , Mohammed Zahraa J. 
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality among females worldwide. The recruitment of less invasive serum protein electrophoresis and serum breast cancer tumor markers as monitoring factors for patient response to therapy is still controversial.
Hence, the present study aimed to designate serum protein electrophoresis pattern of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carcinoma antigens (CA125 and CA 15-3) as novel biomarkers in monitoring breast cancer patients under and post radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Samples included 23 breast cancer women patients after mastectomy and under or post chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tumor markers CEA, CA 15-3, and CA 125 were measured by using electrochemiluminescence method used in Cobas ®. Total serum protein was performed by using commercially available kits suitable with semiautomated chemistry analyzer. Quantitative estimation of serum proteins was accomplished by agarose serum protein electrophoresis.
Perfil das intervenções farmacêuticas realizadas em um Centro de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário da região norte do Brasil: Um estudo transversal
Authors: Silva Roosalyn Santos da , Oliveira Midiã Rodrigues de , Felix Luana Sousa , Pereira Vivian Nascimento , Badin Rebeka Caribé 
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil das intervenções farmacêuticas (IFs) realizadas em um centro de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional, retrospectivo e quantitativo, com coleta de dados primários e secundários de pacientes internados no centro de terapia intensiva entre os meses de setembro de 2022 a fevereiro de 2023. Resultados: Durante os meses de estudo foram avaliadas 624 fichas de evolução farmacêutica. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 56 anos para homens e 51 anos para mulheres, além disso, 79% dos pacientes apresentavam alguma comorbidade, sendo o diabetes e a hipertensão as mais frequentes. Ao todo, foram realizadas, categorizadas e quantificadas 345 intervenções farmacêuticas, das quais 91,6% foram totalmente aceitas pela equipe. A necessidade de adição (27,5%) foi a intervenção mais frequente, seguida de suspensão de medicamentos (20,3%), substituição de via de administração (11,6%) e ajuste de posologia (7,5%) e os medicamentos mais associados às IFs foram, dipirona, omeprazol, vancomicina e tramadol. Conclusão: Os farmacêuticos clínicos são profissionais indispensáveis na equipe multiprofissional e sua atuação contribui para a redução dos eventos adversos a medicamentos, redução dos gastos hospitalares e melhoria da qualidade do cuidado assistencial em hospitais.
Improving HIV Prevention for Key Populations in Nigeria: Insights on Access, Barriers, Stigma, and Service Utilization
Authors: Emmanuel Godwin Omokhagbo , Sanni Olaniyi Felix , Roger Abang , Umoh Paul , Boniface Ochonye Bartholomew , Paul Amechi , Yahaya Ismaeel Mohammed , Auwal Agie Muhmmad 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective
Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a significant public health challenge globally, with key populations (KPs) such as female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who inject drugs (PWIDs) being disproportionately affected. Despite the availability of various HIV prevention services, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and community-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), the willingness of KPs to access these services remains a critical concern. This study aims to assess the prevalence of HIV and the willingness to access HIV preventive services among KPs in three selected local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 across three LGAs, Gwale, Fagge, and Tarauni, in Kano State, Nigeria, using a snowball sampling technique. A total of 1,320 participants, recruited from brothels and nightclubs, were tested for HIV using self-test kits. Willingness to access HIV services was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.

Results
The overall HIV prevalence among KPs was 10.8%. MSM and PWIDs exhibited higher HIV prevalence rates compared to FSWs. Willingness to access HIV preventive services was recorded at 57.7%, with significant influences from geographical location and sexual practices. Participants from Tarauni were more willing to access services, and those engaging in vaginal sex were more likely to seek preventive services. HIV self-testing had a high uptake of 95.9%, while PrEP uptake was 68.0%. Major barriers included stigma, lack of comprehensive services, and limited knowledge of service providers.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications
This study highlights the critical need for targeted interventions addressing the specific barriers faced by KPs in these regions. Enhancing service accessibility and addressing stigma is essential for reducing HIV transmission and achieving epidemic control in Nigeria by 2030.