bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and therapeutic efficacy of neroli oil in rats with endometriotic lesions
Authors: Canday Mujde , Yurtkal Aslıhan , Makav Mustafa , Kuru Mushap 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionEndometriosis is a serious health problem among women of reproductive age, with pelvic pain and infertility. Given the limited success of current treatments, this study explores Neroli oil (N.O.) effects on inflammation, oxidation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling implicated in endometriosis.Materials and MethodsAlbino Wistar female rats were used to simulate an endometriosis model. Groups were established for comparison: a control, an endometriosis model, a N.O.‐treated group, and a N.O.‐treated group postendometriosis induction. The study focused on Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), Interleukin 6, Interleukin 8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), myeloperoxidase, Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1), nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and anti‐mullerian hormone values, as well as histopathological evaluations of endometriotic foci.ResultsAMH values showed a significant increase in the endometriosis group treated with N.O. compared with the endometriosis group (p < 0,01).A statistically significant decrease was found in MMP‐1 level in the endometriosis group that underwent N.O. (p < 0.001). Increased CAT (p < 0.0001) and decrease in nitric oxide (p < 0.01) are found in N.O.‐treated endometriosis group. TNF‐α levels in the endometriosis group showed a statistically significant increase in the endometriosis group when compared with the control and sham group (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 respectively). In our study, a statistically significant increase was observed in VEGF levels (p < 0.001) in endometriosis group and significant decrease in the N.O. administered endometriosis model group. Groups treated with N.O. showed decreased inflammation and congestion scores. Histopathological assessments demonstrated reduced inflammation and tissue remodeling signs in endometriotic foci.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of N.O. in the treatment of endometriosis, owing to its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic properties that can disrupt chronic processes. Our findings lend support to utilization of herbal remedies for the management of endometriosis, thereby emphasizing the necessity for additional comprehensive investigations in the future.
Multi‐centre arousal scoring agreement in the Sleep Revolution
Authors: Pitkänen Henna , Nikkonen Sami , Rissanen Marika , Islind Anna Sigridur , Gretarsdottir Heidur , Arnardottir Erna Sif , Leppänen Timo , Korkalainen Henri 
Published: December 2023

SummaryWe investigated arousal scoring agreement within full‐night polysomnography in a multi‐centre setting. Ten expert scorers from seven centres annotated 50 polysomnograms using the American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines. The agreement between arousal indexes (ArIs) was investigated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Moreover, kappa statistics were used to evaluate the second‐by‐second agreement in whole recordings and in different sleep stages. Finally, arousal clusters, that is, periods with overlapping arousals by multiple scorers, were extracted. The overall similarity of the ArIs was fair (ICC = 0.41), varying from poor to excellent between the scorer pairs (ICC = 0.04–0.88). The ArI similarity was better in respiratory (ICC = 0.65) compared with spontaneous (ICC = 0.23) arousals. The overall second‐by‐second agreement was fair (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.40), varying from poor to substantial depending on the scorer pair (Cohen's kappa = 0.07–0.68). Fleiss’ kappa increased from light to deep sleep (0.45, 0.45, and 0.53 for stages N1, N2, and N3, respectively), was moderate in the rapid eye movement stage (0.48), and the lowest in the wake stage (0.25). Over a half of the arousal clusters were scored by one or two scorers, and less than a third by at least five scorers. In conclusion, the scoring agreement varied depending on the arousal type, sleep stage, and scorer pair, but was overall relatively low. The most uncertain areas were related to spontaneous arousals and arousals scored in the wake stage. These results indicate that manual arousal scoring is generally not reliable, and that changes are needed in the assessment of sleep fragmentation for clinical and research purposes.
Outcomes of surgically and conservatively managed thoracolumbar and lumbosacral intervertebral disc herniations in cats
Authors: Amey Jack A. , Liatis Theofanis , Cherubini Giunio Bruto , De Decker Steven , Foreman Max H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available regarding intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) and its treatment in cats.ObjectivesDescribe outcomes after surgical or conservative treatment of cats with thoracolumbar and lumbosacral IVDH.AnimalsNinety‐two cats from 2 referral populations (2012‐2022) with compressive IVDH between the T3 and S1 vertebrae.MethodsRetrospective cohort study evaluating outcomes of surgical (49 cats) and conservative (36 cats) management of IVDH; 7 cats were euthanized at diagnosis. Outcome was assessed using hospital and referring veterinarian records and client questionnaires. Successful outcome was defined as regained or improved ambulation, urinary and fecal continence, and no requirement for analgesic medication.ResultsIncidence of IVDH during the study period was 0.44% (92/20849). Surgical treatment resulted in 62% (6 weeks) and 74% success (6 months). Conservative treatment resulted in 54% (6 weeks) and 65% success (6 months). Neurological grade at presentation was higher in cats treated surgically (median, 2; range, 1‐5) than in those treated conservatively (median, 2; range, 0‐4; P = .001). Regardless of treatment type, cats suffering trauma were more likely to have a successful outcome 6 weeks after treatment compared with those without history of trauma (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.05‐26.78; P = .04). Neurological deficits remained in the majority of cats for both treatment types (92%, conservative; 86%, surgical at 6 weeks). Acute‐on‐chronic IVDH with characteristics of both extrusion and protrusion were identified in 10% of cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceConservative treatment could be as effective as surgical decompression in cats with thoracolumbar or lumbosacral IVDH.
The ontogeny of disparity in Cupressaceae seed cones
Authors: Huntsman Stepfan V. , Leslie Andrew B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary

Ontogenetic shape change has long been recognized to be important in generating patterns of morphological diversity and may be especially important in plant reproductive structures. We explore how seed cone disparity in Cupressaceae changes over ontogeny by comparing pollination‐stage and mature cones.

We sampled cones at pollen and seed release and measured cone scales using basic morphometric shape variables. We used multivariate statistical methods, particularly hypervolume overlap calculations, to measure morphospace occupation and disparity.

Cone scales at both pollination and maturity exhibit substantial variability, although the disparity is greater at maturity. Mature cone scales are also more clustered in trait space, showing less overlap with other taxa than at pollination. These patterns reflect two growth strategies that generate closed cones over maturation, either through thin laminar scales or relatively thick, peltate scales, resulting in two distinct regions of morphospace occupation.

Disparity patterns in Cupressaceae seed cones change over ontogeny, reflecting shifting functional demands that require specific patterns of cone scale growth. The evolution of Cupressaceae reproductive disparity therefore represents selection for trajectories of ontogenetic shape change, a phenomenon that should be widespread across seed plants.
Virucidal effect of mouthwash on acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus
Authors: Bar Ilan M. , Dovrat S. , Cohen R. , Georgaki M. , Papadopoulou E. , Nikitakis N. G. , Yarom N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe symptoms of herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV‐1) infections might be severe and persistent in immunocompromised patients in whom they reactivate at a high frequency. The development of Acyclovir (ACV) resistant strains due to long‐term treatment with antiviral agents in those patients is not uncommon. The aim of the present study was to assess the virucidal effect of commercially available mouthwashes against ACV‐resistant HSV‐1 strains.Materials and MethodsTwo acyclovir‐resistant HSV‐1 strains were exposed for 30 s to essential oil‐based (Listerine Fresh Burst® and Listerine Zero®), chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (Hexidyl®) and povidone‐iodine 7.5% (Betadine Gargle®) mouthwashes. Loss of virus infectivity was determined by means of plaque reduction assays in a cell culture system.ResultsAll 4 of the tested solutions significantly reduced virus infectivity, with the essential oil‐based and povidone‐iodine mouthwashes being slightly more efficacious, compared to chlorhexidine.ConclusionThe findings of this analysis revealed that the tested oral rinses demonstrated in‐vitro antiviral activity against ACV‐resistant HSV. Comparative clinical trials are required to establish the clinical effectiveness of daily use of oral rinses in reducing the appearance of oral HSV lesions in immunocompromised patients.
Fibrocyte: A missing piece in the pathogenesis of fibrous epulis
Authors: Zhu Yi‐fei , Wan Mei‐chen , Gao Peng , Shen Min‐juan , Zhu Yi‐na , Hao Jia‐xin , Lu Wei‐cheng , Wang Chen‐yu , Tay Franklin , Ehrlich Hermann , Niu Li‐na , Jiao Kai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the role of fibrocytes in the recurrence and calcification of fibrous epulides.MethodsDifferent subtypes of fibrous epulides and normal gingival tissue specimens were first collected for histological and immunofluorescence analyses to see if fibrocytes were present and whether they differentiated into myofibroblasts and osteoblasts upon stimulated by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). Electron microscopy and elemental analysis were used to characterize the extracellular microenvironment in different subtypes of fibrous epulides. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were subsequently isolated from in vitro models to mimic the microenvironment in fibrous epulides to identify whether TGF‐β1 as well as the calcium and phosphorus ion concentration in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a fibrous epulis trigger fibrocyte differentiation.ResultsFibrous epulides contain fibrocytes that accumulate in the local inflammatory environment and have the ability to differentiate into myofibroblasts or osteoblasts. TGF‐β1 promotes fibrocytes differentiation into myofibroblasts in a concentration‐dependent manner, while TGF‐β1 stimulates the fibrocytes to differentiate into osteoblasts when combined with a high calcium and phosphorus environment.ConclusionsOur study revealed fibrocytes play an important role in the fibrogenesis and osteogenesis in fibrous epulis, and might serve as a therapeutic target for the inhibition of recurrence of fibrous epulides.
Determinants of belief in conspiracy theories about the war in Ukraine among youth
Authors: Schuster Johannes , Fobel Lea , Kolleck Nina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConspiracy theories are particularly prevalent in times of crisis and pose a major threat to democracy. Young people are especially susceptible to conspiracy theories, as this period is characterized by high social vulnerability and constant reflection on one's position in society. However, to date little is known about the determinants of young people's belief in conspiracy theories in general and in times of crisis in particular. In this study, we address this research gap by investigating the belief of young people in Germany (N = 2437, aged 16 to 29) in conspiracy theories about the war in Ukraine. Drawing on Douglas and colleagues’ (2017) taxonomy, we find that epistemic (e.g., political self‐efficacy), existential (e.g., political trust), and social (e.g., social exclusion) motives influence belief in conspiracies about the war among young people. However, while the taxonomy suggests equal influence of the three motives, the effects of feelings of social exclusion on war‐related conspiracy beliefs among youth are mainly mediated by a strong influence of political distrust. In this way, our findings contribute to a better understanding of conspiracy beliefs among young people and highlight the importance of increasing young people's political trust to prevent the spread of conspiracy theories.
Long‐term changes in soil phosphorus in response to fertilizer application and negative phosphorus balance under grass rotation in mineral soils in Nordic conditions
Authors: Louhisuo Arja , Yli‐Halla Markku , Termonen Maarit , Kykkänen Sanna , Järvenranta Kirsi , Virkajärvi Perttu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConsiderable amounts of residual fertilizer phosphorus (P) have accumulated in the agricultural soils of Finland since the 1960s, and the P fertilizer application recommendations have been lowered. It is unknown how much P intensively managed silage grass can obtain from the accumulated reserves without a loss of yield. In two field experiments on sandy loam conducted in 2003–2020, four consecutive grass (70% timothy, 30% fescue) rotations were performed (4 or 5 years each, including the establishment year). The grass received mineral P fertilizers (PF; 16 kg P ha−1 year−1), cattle slurry (PS; 11 kg P ha−1 year−1) or no P (P0). The organic P (Po) and inorganic P (Pi) pools in 2003 and 2020 samples were determined following the Hedley procedure using H2O, NaHCO3, NaOH and HCl as sequential extractants. Soil test P (STP) was monitored annually using ammonium acetate extraction. The results showed that the cumulative P balance (P0: −344 to −412 kg ha−1; PF and PS: −101 to −198 kg ha−1) was highly negative, resulting in declining STP. Still, after 18 years, the grass showed no consistent yield response to P fertilizer application. The most significant Pi decline occurred in the Pi–NaHCO3 (~30%) and Pi–NaOH (~50%) pools, while the changes in Po were negligible. This study and international comparisons, Mehlich‐3, degree of P saturation and the result of Hedley in other studies, suggest that these soils, initially above the critical STP level, contain plenty of legacy P and can provide perennial grass with sufficient P for a long time.
Initiation of China Alliance of Research in High Myopia (CHARM): protocol for an AI-based multimodal high myopia research biobank
Authors: He Hai-Long , Liu Yi-Xin , Song Hao , Xu Tian-Ze , Wong Tien-Yin , Jin Zi-Bing 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionHigh myopia is a pressing public health concern due to its increasing prevalence, younger trend and the high risk of blindness, particularly in East Asian countries, including China. The China Alliance of Research in High Myopia (CHARM) is a newly established consortium that includes more than 100 hospitals and institutions participating across the nation, aiming to promote collaboration and data sharing in the field of high myopia screening, classification, diagnosis and therapeutic development.Methods and analysisThe CHARM project is an ongoing study, and its initiation is distinguished by its unprecedented scale, encompassing plans to involve over 100 000 Chinese patients. This initiative stands out not only for its extensive scope but also for its innovative application of artificial intelligence (AI) to assist in diagnosis and treatment decisions. The CHARM project has been carried out using a ‘three-step’ strategy. The first step involves the collection of basic information, refraction, axial length and fundus photographs from participants with high myopia. In the second step, we will collect multimodal imaging data to expand the scope of clinical information, for example, optical coherence tomography and ultra-widefield fundus images. In the final step, genetic testing will be conducted by incorporating patient family histories and blood samples. The majority of data collected by CHARM is in the form of images that will be used to detect and predict the progression of high myopia through the identification and quantification of biomarkers such as fundus tessellation, optic nerve head and vascular parameters.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital (TREC2022-KY045). The establishment of CHARM represents an opportunity to create a collaborative platform for myopia experts and facilitate the dissemination of research findings to the global community through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. These insights can inform clinical decision-making and contribute to the development of new treatment modalities that may benefit patients worldwide.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300071219.
Unemployed and disabled for work: identifying 3-year labour market pathways from the beginning of a sickness absence using sequence and cluster analyses in a register-based longitudinal study in Finland
Authors: Perhoniemi Riku , Blomgren Jenni , Laaksonen Mikko 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThis study followed the labour market pathways of unemployed persons who started a sickness absence (SA) spell. We aimed to unravel subgroups based on altering labour market states and to identify covariates of these subgroups.DesignRegister-based longitudinal study, with nine labour market states and 36-month units.Setting and participantsAll Finnish persons aged 18–59 years with an SA in 2016 who were unemployed at the start of the SA spell (N=12 639).Outcome measuresSequence analysis was used to study transitions between nine labour market states based on monthly register data on permanent and temporary (full and partial) disability pensions (DP), rehabilitation, all-cause SA, unemployment and employment. Individuals were grouped into clusters based on cluster analysis and intersequence distances. Multinomial regression analysis was used to examine covariates of cluster memberships.ResultsSix clusters with the following pathway identities were found: (1) recurring unemployment (44%); (2) employment after a short SA (18%); (3) rehabilitation, recurring SA and unemployment (12%); (4) unknown sources of income (11%); (5) permanent DP after a prolonged SA (9%) and (6) temporary DP after a prolonged SA (7%).Compared with the reference cluster 2, all other clusters were associated with less employment days and having a chronic illness before the SA spell, SA based on a mental disorder and a rejected DP application during the follow-up. In addition, the clusters had some unique covariates.ConclusionsUnemployed persons starting an SA are a heterogeneous group, with different labour market pathways. For many, the combination of unemployment and work disability means low chances for employment or regained work ability during the following years. Unemployed persons with poorer health, long history outside employment, older age, low educational level, a rejected DP application and a mental disorder could benefit from targeted support.
Exploration of pain assessment and management processes in oncology outpatient services with healthcare professionals: a qualitative study
Authors: Robinson Olivia C , Pini Simon , Flemming Kate , Campling Natasha , Fallon Marie , Richards Suzanne H , Mayland Catriona R , Boland Elaine , Swinson Daniel , Hurlow Adam , Hartup Sue , Mulvey Matthew R 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThis study explored cancer pain management practices and clinical care pathways used by healthcare professionals (HCPs) to understand the barriers and facilitators for standardised pain management in oncology outpatient services (OS).DesignData were collected using semistructured interviews that were audio-recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingThree NHS trusts with oncology OS in Northern England.ParticipantsTwenty HCPs with varied roles (eg, oncologist and nurse) and experiences (eg, registrar and consultant) from different cancer site clinics (eg, breast and lung). Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsHCPs discussed cancer pain management practices during consultation and supporting continuity of care beyond consultation. Key findings included : (1) HCPs’ level of clinical experience influenced pain assessments; (2) remote consulting impeded experienced HCPs to do detailed pain assessments; (3) diffusion of HCP responsibility to manage cancer pain; (4) nurses facilitated pain management support with patients and (5) continuity of care for pain management was constrained by the integration of multidisciplinary teams.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate HCP cancer pain management practices varied and were unstructured. Recommendations are made for a standardised cancer pain management intervention: (1) detailed evaluation of pain with a tailored self-management strategy; (2) implementation of a structured pain assessment that supports remote consultations, (3) pain assessment tool that can support both experienced and less experienced clinicians. These findings will inform the development of a cancer pain management tool to integrate within routine oncology OS.
Lived experience codesign of self-harm interventions: a scoping review
Authors: Wright Lucy C , Lopez Chemas Natalia , Cooper Claudia 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to map existing literature describing how people with lived experience of self-harm have engaged in codesigning self-harm interventions, understand barriers and facilitators to this engagement, and how the meaningfulness of codesign has been evaluated.DesignScoping review by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A protocol was published online (http://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P52UD).Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, ClinicalTrials.gov and relevant websites were searched on 24 December 2022 (repeated 4 November 2023).Eligibility criteriaWe included studies where individuals with lived experience of self-harm (first-hand or caregiver) have codesigned self-harm interventions.Data extraction and synthesisResults were screened at title and abstract level, then full-text level by two researchers independently. Prespecified data were extracted, charted and sorted into themes.ResultsWe included 22 codesigned interventions across mobile health, educational settings, prisons and emergency departments. Involvement varied from designing content to multistage involvement in planning, delivery and dissemination. Included papers described the contribution of 159 female, 39 male and 21 transgender or gender diverse codesigners. Few studies included contributors from a minoritised ethnic or LGBTQIA+ group. Six studies evaluated how meaningfully people with lived experience were engaged in codesign: by documenting the impact of contributions on intervention design or through postdesign reflections. Barriers included difficulties recruiting inclusively, making time for meaningful engagement in stretched services and safeguarding concerns for codesigners. Explicit processes for ensuring safety and well-being, flexible schedules, and adequate funding facilitated codesign.ConclusionsTo realise the potential of codesign to improve self-harm interventions, people with lived experience must be representative of those who use services. This requires processes that reassure potential contributors and referrers that codesigners will be safeguarded, remunerated, and their contributions used and valued.