bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mizoribine on Glomerulonephritis of Early-Stage IgA Nephropathy in ddY Mice
Authors: Shimizu Masahiko , Shou Ichiyu , Tsuge Toshinao , Abe Masaaki , Tomino Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2003

Immunopathological studies were performed to determine whether the glomerular injuries in ddY mice, a model for IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease), are influenced by treatment with mizoribine, a new immunosuppressive agent. The ddY mice were treated with a low (0.05 mg/ml) or a high (0.1 mg/ml) dose of mizoribine for 35 weeks. Flow cytometry analysis showed that there was a marked decrease in the number of B cells and IgA-bearing B cells. In immunofluorescence, the deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangial areas and capillary walls of the high-dose mizoribine-treated ddY mice was markedly decreased as compared with that of control ddY mice receiving drinking water. The glomerular mesangial expansion in the high-dose mizoribine-treated ddY mice was milder than that found in the control ddY mice. In 45-week-old ddY mice, the average number of intraglomerular cells in the high-dose and low-dose mizoribine-treated ddY mice was slightly lower than that in drinking water treated ddY mice. The levels of urinary protein excretion in the high-dose mizoribine-treated ddY mice were also lower than those in the low-dose mizoribine-treated or drinking water treated ddY mice. It appears that treatment of mizoribine might influence the proliferation of B cells, especially IgA-bearing B cells, and improve the glomerular IgA deposition and glomerular expansion in early-stage IgA nephropathy of ddY mice.
Purification, Characterization and Differentiation-Dependent Expression of a Perchloric Acid Soluble Protein from Rat Kidney
Authors: Asagi Kozo , Oka Tatsuzo , Arao Keisuke , Suzuki Isao , Thakur Mahendra Kumar , Izumi Keisuke , Natori Yasuo 
Published: April 2003

We have recently reported the presence of a novel perchloric acid soluble protein in rat liver (PSP1) that inhibits cell-free protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte system. While studying the perchloric acid soluble proteins from different tissues of rats, we found that the kidney protein cross-reacted with antibody against the PSP1. In this investigation, we have purified a perchloric acid soluble protein from the rat kidney and studied its characterization and expression. The protein extracted from the postmitochondrial supernatant fraction with 5% perchloric acid was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and CM-Sephadex chromatography. By immunoscreening with the rabbit antisera against the PSP1, we detected a cDNA that contained an open reading frame of 411 bp, encoding a 137 amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 14,149 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence was completely identical with that of PSP1 from rat liver. The perchloric acid soluble protein from rat kidney (K-PSP1) also inhibited cell-free protein synthesis in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system in a different manner than RNase A. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of K-PSP1 increased from fetal 17th day to postnatal 4th week, and it remained almost the same until the 7th week of postnatal age. Furthermore, the expression of K-PSP1 in the kidney of the nephrotic rat model was shown to be differentiation dependent. On the other hand, the expression of K-PSP1 in renal tumor cells was downregulated as compared with intact tissue. These results suggest that the expression of K-PSP1 is regulated in a differentiation-dependent manner in the kidney.
Comparison of a Vegetable-Based (Soya) and an Animal-Based Low-Protein Diet in Predialysis Chronic Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Soroka N. , Silverberg D.S. , Greemland M. , Birk Y. , Blum M. , Peer G. , Iaina A. 
Published: April 2003

There is some experimental evidence to suggest that progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) is slower on diets based on soya protein than on diets based on animal protein. We have compared the effect of a soya-based vegetarian low-protein diet (VPD) and an animal-based low-protein diet (APD) in 15 patients with CRF. 15 patients with CRF (<sup>51</sup>Cr-EDTA-measured glomerular filtration rate 15–50 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>) were studied. In a randomized crossover trial, the patients were given each diet (each containing 0.75 g protein and 32 kcal per kilogram body weight) for a 6-month period. Nine patients completed the trial, 2 others dropped out because they could not tolerate the VPD, 3 because of unrelated medical complications, and 1 for technical reasons. The caloric intake was higher and the protein, phosphate and essential amino acid intake lower on the VPD than on the APD. The compliance with the suggested caloric intake was better with the VPD than with the APD (97 vs. 88% of recommended intake), as was the compliance with the suggested protein intake (94 vs. 112% of recommended intake) and with the suggested phosphate intake (102 vs. 116%). The mean glomerular filtration rate, as judged by <sup>51</sup>Cr-EDTA, was similar after 6 months on each diet and remained unchanged throughout the entire year of the study. The rate of fall of glomerular filtration, as measured by the slope of 1/serum creatinine was slowed by 73% during the 1-year study period as compared with the prestudy period. Nutritional status (as measured by body mass index, midarm circumference, and lean body mass and percent body fat), serum transferrin, cholesterol and albumin, and total lymphocyte count were similar on the two diets. The serum albumin level on both diets, however, was significantly higher on the two diets than during the prediet period. Blood urea nitrogen, urine urea nitrogen, protein catabolic rate, and 24-hour urine creatinine and phosphate were lower on the VPD than on the APD. The 24-hour protein excretion was similar on the two diets. The two low-protein diets resulted in a slowing in the progression of CRF. A VPD is well tolerated in CRF and is associated with lower protein and phosphate intakes and a higher caloric intake than an APD and may, therefore, be used as a safe alternative or partial substitute for the usual APD in CRF.
<sup>99m</sup>Tc-Labelled Red Blood Cell Scintigraphy for Localization of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Oliveras A. , Aubia J. , Cao H. , Puig J.M. , Barbosa F. , Mir M. , Orfila A. , Lloveras J. , Masramon J. 
Published: April 2003

Angiodysplasia (AD) may be the source of bleeding in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, with special occurrence in the elderly population and in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Although several techniques have been tested for its diagnosis, the gold standard is not well defined yet. We analyze the usefulness of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-labelled red blood cell (<sup>99m</sup>Tc RBC) scintigraphy in the localization of bleeding from AD lesions in a cohort of 21 patients. Other investigative methods include fibrocolonoscopy examination, angiography, or diagnostic laparotomy. Group A (AD and CRF): 11 patients. Group B (AD without CRF): 10 patients. <sup>99m</sup>Tc RBC scintigraphy showed 88.9% sensitivity and specificity in group A, while in group B it had 100% sensitivity and specificity. Arteriography showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. On the contrary, fibrocolonoscopy had a very low sensitivity (30%). Our results suggest that <sup>99m</sup>Tc RBC scintigraphy may be the preferred diagnostic tool for AD, especially in patients with CRF, in whom arteriography may accelerate the decline of renal function.
Effect of an α-Adrenergic Blocker, and ACE Inhibitor and Hydrochlorothiazide on Blood Pressure and on Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Hypertension and Albuminuria
Authors: Rachmani Rita , Levi Zohar , Slavachevsky Inna , Half-Onn Elizabeth , Ravid Mordchai 
Published: April 2003

α-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for diabetic patients. Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and albuminuria are very limited however. 76 patients with diabetes type 2, hypertension (≧140/90 mm Hg) and albuminuria (≧30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive cilazapril (2.5–10 mg), doxazosin (2–8 mg) or both. Patients of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, creatinine clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. Patients of the third group received reduced doses of cilazapril and doxazosin for 4 months. Hydrochlorothiazide was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. Cilazapril: systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 ± 6 to 149 ± 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 ± 3 to 94 ± 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). Albuminuria declined from 350 ± 105 to 205 ± 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), creatinine clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. Doxazosin: SBP: 160 ± 7 to 151 ± 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 ± 4 to 90 ± 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). Albuminuria 373 ± 121 to 322 ± 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 ± 7 to 91 ± 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of cilazapril and doxazosin reproduced the hypotensive effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide resulted in a further decline of 6–14 mm Hg in SBP and 3–11 mm Hg in DPB.
Intravenous Drug Use and Glomerular Deposition of Lipid-Like Material
Authors: Lynn Kelvin L. , Pickering Warren , Gardner Jacqui , Bailey Ross R. , Robson Richard A. 
Published: April 2003

We present a series of 5 intravenous drug users (4 male, age range 24–47 years) with glomerular deposition of a lipid-like material. Three patients presented with the nephrotic syndrome, 1 with acute renal failure and 1 with hypertension and an active urinary sediment. All were continuing to use opiates intravenously (mixed with lemon juice or acetic anhydride and sodium bicarbonate). Investigations: plasma creatinine 0.10–0.30 mmol/l, urinary protein excretion 1.0–6.75 g/24 h, hepatitis C antibody positive (4), all seronegative for hepatitis B and HIV. Renal biopsy showed large vacuolated areas consistent with heavy deposition of lipid-like material in all glomerular cells and infiltrating macrophages. Two showed ATN and another FGS. We suggest that these changes are due to the pattern of illicit drug availability and preparation peculiar to these users.
Trimetazidine Reverses Deleterious Effects of Ischemia-Reperfusion in the Isolated Perfused Pig Kidney Model
Authors: Hauet Thierry , Mothes Denis , Goujon Jean-Michel , Germonville Thierry , Caritez Jean Claude , Carretier Michel , Eugene Michel , Tillement Jean-Paul 
Published: April 2003

<b>Background:</b> Delayed graft function has remained an important complication after renal transplantation. <b>Methods:</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate Euro-Collins (EC) plus trimetazidine (TMZ) in comparison with standard EC solution after 24- or 48-hour cold storage. The normothermic isolated perfused pig kidney technique combined with proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy was used. <b>Results:</b> The study verified that TMZ plus EC had a beneficial preservation effect over EC in terms of better perfusate flow rate at both 24 and 48 h (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, TMZ also was beneficial in terms of increased glomerular filtration rate, better proximal tubular functions, and less tubular injury markers. Lipid peroxidation, evaluated by malondialdehyde renal tissue levels, was decreased in kidney homogenates preserved with TMZ, particularly after 48-hour cold storage. Citrate excretion which reflects a better intracellular pH regulation was detected in urine from kidneys preserved with TMZ. Histological data paralleled findings of the above when comparing cellular injury factors such as vacuolization, necrosis, tubular structure, and interstitial edema. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results indicate that, under the conditions of our experiments, the addition of TMZ to EC solution increased the preservation quality of kidneys particularly after prolonged cold ischemia.
Biochemical Renal Manifestations Induced by Consecutive Administration of Gentamicin in Rats
Authors: Soejima Akinori , Ishizuka Shunji , Suzuki Michihiko , Miyake Nobuyuki , Fukuoka Kazuhito , Nagasawa Toshihiko 
Published: April 2003

In the present study, we investigated the generation of lipid peroxides and changes in total phospholipid levels in the kidney tissue of rats with acquired resistance to gentamicin (GM). GM resistance was induced in Sprague-Dawley male rats by subcutaneously administering each rat a dose of 80 mg/kg/day of GM for 40 consecutive days. Twelve days after the GM administration, serum urea nitrogen peaked at 35 mg/dl. The urinary creatinine excretion progressively decreased, beginning 4 days after the start of GM administration. The fractional excretion of sodium progressively increased, beginning 4 days after the start of GM administration, peaking on the 10th day. However, despite the continuation of GM administration, the urinary creatinine excretion gradually increased, and the serum urea nitrogen concentrations recovered to previous levels after 21 days. We also analyzed the relationship between the acquired resistance to GM and changes in the reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity. Simultaneously, we investigated sequential changes in the activities of phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> and phospholipase C, which release peroxidized membrane phospholipids into the cytoplasm via hydrolysis, as well as the relationship between changes in the kidney tissue phospholipid composition (sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine ratio) and renal function. We found that (1) the kidney tissue glutathione content rapidly decreased after GM administration before subsequently increasing and being maintained at a higher level; (2) the glutathione peroxidase activity showed a persistent decrease after GM administration; (3) the kidney tissue phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> activity decreased after GM administration, while the phospholipase C activity exhibited a sustained increase from 21 days, and (4) the spingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine ratio decreased on the 4th day before stabilizing when acquired resistance was obtained. Based on these findings, we conclude that an increased supply of reduced glutathione and the induction of an antioxidase, substituting for glutathione peroxidase, may play a significant role in the acquisition of resistance to acute renal failure which occurs with continuous GM administration. Improved membrane fluidity, achieved by maintenance of the membrane phospholipid composition by increased phospholipase C activity, may be an additional factor contributing to the recovery of the renal function.
Poor Renal Accumulation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DMSA in Idiopathic Tubular Proteinuria
Authors: Suzuki Shigeo , Suzuki Junzo , Kume Kazunari , Yoshida Kazuo , Suyama Hidekazu , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Nozawa Ruriko , Suzuki Hitoshi , Fujiki Tomoo , Kamiyama Satoru , Suzuki Akira 
Published: April 2003

In Japanese patients idiopathic tubular proteinuria presents mainly as asymptomatic tubular low molecular weight proteinuria. This disease has recently been shown to resemble Dent’s disease which is characterized by tubular proteinuria, hypercalciuria, rickets and eventual renal failure. We report on 4 children with idiopathic tubular proteinuria. Although they had normal renal function, as evidenced by serum creatinine or creatinine clearance, they had very poor renal accumulation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DMSA and the presence of large amounts of tracer in the bladder. Additionally, the patient with the largest amounts of tubular proteinuria had the poorest renal accumulation of the 4 patients. The renal accumulation of tracer decreased with time from a maximum at 10 min after injection. These findings demonstrate that the tracer, once taken to be confined to the proximal tubular cells, is immediately excreted to the tubular lumen. We suggest that poor renal accumulation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DMSA is very important in elucidating the mechanism of idiopathic tubular proteinuria, and that <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DMSA renoscintigraphy is useful in the evaluation of the patient’s renal function over time.
Immune Response to <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b Vaccination inRenal Transplant Recipients with Well-Functioning Allografts
Authors: Sever Mehmet Ş. , Yildiz Alaattin , Eraksoy Haluk , Badur Selim , Yüksel-Önel Derya , Görçin Bilal , Türk Süleyman , Erkoç Reha 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> Haemophilus influenzae infection is a mild and self-limited disease in the healthy population. However, it may show an aggressive course in the immunocompromised state which underlines the importance of vaccination against this agent. On the other hand, posttranplant immunosuppression may impair immune responses and thus the efficacy of the vaccination. <i>Methods:</i> Forty-three renal transplant recipients with well-functioning allografts were immunized with H. influenzae type b vaccine in order to investigate the immune response. The patients received a double or a triple immunosuppressive protocol. Seven healthy members of the dialysis unit served as controls. After obtaining basal serum samples, the patients and the control subjects were immunized with H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. After 6 and 12 weeks, serum samples obtained again to determine H. influenzae type b antibody titers. <i>Results:</i> The antibody titers 6 and 12 weeks after vaccination were significantly higher as compared with the basal values, similar to those of the control subjects. These titers did not show statistically significant differences between the double and triple immunosuppressive therapy groups. After 12 weeks of vaccination, the antibody titers did not show a statistically significant difference as compared with those obtained after 6 weeks. <i>Conclusion:</i> H. influenzae type b vaccination is safe and effective in patients with well-functioning renal allografts and should be recommended to renal transplant recipients who may have the risk of invasive disease on the basis of the immunosuppressive state.
Tetracycline-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis as a Cause of Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Bihorac A. , Özener Ç. , Akoglu E. , Kullu S. 
Published: April 2003

Acute interstitial nephritis with severe acute renal failure is reported following tetracycline treatment in a 22-year-old male medical student. Acute renal failure developed within 48 h of a single repeated tetracycline dose and presented 2 days after taking the drug when there was oliguria, nausea, vomiting and bilateral loin pain without rash and fever. The serum creatinine concentration was 8.6 mg/dl and blood urea nitrogen 84 mg/dl. Examination of the urinary sediment revealed 15–20 RBCs per high-power field, and occasional granular and hyaline casts. Percutaneous renal biopsy performed immediately after admission revealed acute interstitial nephritis with immune complexes along the tubular basement membrane and intact glomeruli and was consistent with type 2 interstitial nephritis. Within 4 days of commencement of steroid treatment and hemodialysis, the urine output started to increase with improvement in serum creatinine and BUN levels and after 2 weeks of therapy hemodialysis was discontinued. He remains well 1 year following his illness with complete normalization of his renal function. Although a number of renal side effects of tetracycline antibiotics have been reported, acute interstitial nephritis is rarely caused by tetracycline treatment having been reported just twice following systemic use of minocycline.
Control of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Renal Transplant Patients Treated with Prednisone, Azathioprine and Cyclosporine Using Intensive Monitoring and Decreased Immunosuppression
Authors: Gómez E. , de Oña M. , Mélon S. , Alvarez R. , Laures A. , Rodríguez M. , Pobes A. , Alvarez-Grande J. 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> The aim of this trial was to study the effectiveness of intensive monitoring, together with an early decrease in immunosuppression, in reducing the prevalence of CMV disease in renal transplant recipients treated with prednisone, azathioprine and cyclosporine. <i>Methods:</i> From 1/95 to 11/97 a prospective, longitudinal study was conducted among 146 consecutive, unselected, renal transplant patients in our unit. Only 96 patients whose immunosuppressive regimens consisted of prednisone, azathioprine and cyclosporine and whose follow-up period was greater than 4 months were included in the study. Preemptive therapy was administered to 27 high-risk patients. CMV antigenemia (CMV-AG) and other virological tests were performed weekly for the first 4 posttransplant months. The immunosuppression was decreased when the first positive CMV-AG was detected. Azathioprine was completely withdrawn when the CMV-AG count was greater than 10 cells per 10<sup>5</sup> PBLs. The cyclosporine dose was gradually decreased in the next 4 weeks, but it was not withdrawn in any patient. The prednisone dose was modified according to the immunosuppressive protocol. <i>Results:</i> 53% (51/96) of the patients had positive CMV-AG on at least one occasion. The dose of azathioprine was decreased after CMV-AG detection in 41/51 (80.4%) patients and it was completely withdrawn in 23 of these (45%). The mean decrease in the dose of azathioprine was 73 ± 31 (25–175) mg, a mean percentage decrease of 76 ± 27% (25–100%). The dose of cyclosporine was progressively decreased during the 4 weeks after detection of the first CMV-AG (mean cyclosporine levels: 210 ± 66, 196 ± 54 and 164 ± 36 ng/ml at the time of first CMV-AG detection, 2 and 4 weeks respectively, p < 0.0001, repeated measures analysis of variance). None of the 45 patients without CMV-AG and only 2 of 51 (3.9%) patients with CMV-AG developed symptomatic CMV disease (2% of the total). CMV disease was of moderate intensity in both patients. Only 3/51 (5.8%) patients developed acute rejection after the first CMV-AG detection in the 4 posttransplant months. <i>Conclusion:</i> The results of this study suggest that intensive monitoring and an early reduction of immunosuppression, together with preemptive therapy in high-risk patients, is effective in diminishing the prevalence and severity of CMV disease.