bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impairing cardiac oxygen supply in swimming coho salmon compromises their heart function and tolerance to acute warming
Authors: Ekström Andreas , Hendriks Brian , Van Wert Jacey C. , Gilbert Matthew J. H. , Farrell Anthony P. , Cooke Steven J. , Patterson David A. , Hinch Scott G. , Eliason Erika J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClimatic warming elevates mortality for many salmonid populations during their physically challenging up-river spawning migrations, yet, the mechanisms underlying the increased mortality remain elusive. One hypothesis posits that a cardiac oxygen insufficiency impairs the heart’s capacity to pump sufficient oxygen to body tissues to sustain up-river swimming, especially in warm water when oxygen availability declines and cardiac and whole-animal oxygen demand increases. We tested this hypothesis by measuring cardiac and metabolic (cardiorespiratory) performance, and assessing the upper thermal tolerance of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during sustained swimming and acute warming. By surgically ligating the coronary artery, which naturally accumulates arteriosclerotic lesions in migrating salmon, we partially impaired oxygen supply to the heart. Coronary ligation caused drastic cardiac impairment during swimming, even at benign temperatures, and substantially constrained cardiorespiratory performance during swimming and progressive warming compared to sham-operated control fish. Furthermore, upper thermal tolerance during swimming was markedly reduced (by 4.4 °C) following ligation. While the cardiorespiratory capacity of female salmon was generally lower at higher temperatures compared to males, upper thermal tolerance during swimming was similar between sexes within treatment groups. Cardiac oxygen supply is a crucial determinant for the migratory capacity of salmon facing climatic environmental warming.
Infectivity of exhaled SARS-CoV-2 aerosols is sufficient to transmit covid-19 within minutes
Authors: Alsved Malin , Nyström Kristina , Thuresson Sara , Nygren David , Patzi-Churqui Marianela , Hussein Tareq , Fraenkel Carl-Johan , Medstrand Patrik , Löndahl Jakob 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExhaled SARS-CoV-2-containing aerosols contributed significantly to the rapid and vast spread of covid-19. However, quantitative experimental data on the infectivity of such aerosols is missing. Here, we quantified emission rates of infectious viruses in exhaled aerosol from individuals within their first days after symptom onset from covid-19. Six aerosol samples from three individuals were culturable, of which five were successfully quantified using TCID50. The source strength of the three individuals was highest during singing, when they exhaled 4, 36, or 127 TCID50/s, respectively. Calculations with an indoor air transmission model showed that if an infected individual with this emission rate entered a room, a susceptible person would inhale an infectious dose within 6 to 37 min in a room with normal ventilation. Thus, our data show that exhaled aerosols from a single person can transmit covid-19 to others within minutes at normal indoor conditions.
Comparison of three different anastomotic methods of sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition using an obese rodent model
Authors: Chu Yuxiao , Widjaja Jason , Wang Jian , Wu Wei , Hong Jian , Zhu Xiaocheng , Yao Libin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe long-term effects and safety of single-anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass have not been confirmed. The one anastomosis procedure carries the risk of bile reflux, and Braun anastomosis has the capacity to reduce bile reflux. This study was designed to compare the influences of bile reflux and histological changes in the esogastric sections of rats. Obese Sprague–Dawley rats underwent sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (RYTB) (n = 12), SASI (n = 12), SASI bypass with Braun anastomosis (BTB) (n = 12), esojejunostomy (EJ) (n = 12), and SHAM (n = 8) surgery. During the 12-week follow-up period, weight changes, glucose improvement, and changes in serum nutrition were evaluated. Histological expression and bile acid concentration in the rats in all groups were also evaluated. No significant differences in weight loss and glucose improvements were observed in the RYTB, SASI, and BTB groups. The RYTB and BTB groups had significantly lower bile acid concentration and albumin levels than the SASI group. In addition, mucosal height in the RYTB and BTB groups was significantly lower than in the SASI group. Braun anastomosis had a significant effect on anti-reflux. BTB may be a superior primary procedure due to its potential for parallel bariatric and metabolic improvements, effective anti-reflux effects, simplified operations, and avoidance of severe malnutrition. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
COVID-19 outcome is not affected by anti-CD20 or high-titer convalescent plasma in immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Kasten Mary J. , Lahr Brian D. , Parisapogu Anusha , Yetmar Zachary A. , O’Horo John C. , Orenstein Robert , Moreno Franco Pablo , Razonable Raymund R. , Vergidis Paschalis , Shah Aditya S. , Enzler Mark J. , Inwards David J. , Bauer Philippe R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) convalescent plasma in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in immunosuppressed individuals remains controversial. We describe the course of COVID-19 in patients who had received anti-CD20 therapy within the 3 years prior to infection. We compared outcomes between those treated with and those not treated with high titer SARS-CoV2 convalescent plasma. We identified 144 adults treated at Mayo clinic sites who had received anti-CD20 therapies within a median of 5.9 months prior to the COVID-19 index date. About one-third (34.7%) were hospitalized within 14 days and nearly half (47.9%) within 90 days. COVID-19 directed therapy included anti-spike monoclonal antibodies (n = 30, 20.8%), and, among those hospitalized within 14 days (n = 50), remdesivir (n = 45, 90.0%), glucocorticoids (n = 36, 72.0%) and convalescent plasma (n = 24, 48.0%). The duration from receipt of last dose of anti-CD20 therapy did not correlate with outcomes. The overall 90-day mortality rate was 14.7%. Administration of convalescent plasma within 14 days of the COVID-19 diagnosis was not significantly associated with any study outcome. Further study of COVID-19 in CD20-depleted individuals is needed focusing on the early administration of new and potentially combination antiviral agents, associated or not with vaccine-boosted convalescent plasma.
Circular utilization of discarded oyster farming bamboo scaffolding in pulp and papermaking
Authors: Sun Hao-Chen , Lai Yu-Hsun , Huang Kuan-Yeh , Huang Ssu-Yu , Shyu Jiann-Gwo , Perng Yuan-Shing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOyster Farming is one of important fisheries and aquaculture industries in Taiwan. Each year, approximately 4000–5000 tons of discarded bamboo scaffolding (BS) used in oyster farming, are generated, so the treatment and utilization of BS should be taken seriously. This study evaluates the suitability of BS for pulp and papermaking by assessing the chemical compositions, microstructural, and fiber morphology. The pulping properties is investigated by soda pulping. The chemical composition of BS shows the potential for application in pulping. The BS microstructure shows that can enhance pulping reactions, while the fiber morphology indicates the possibility of producing high-strength paper. Through the pulping experiment, it demonstrated that BS is suitable for pulping with lower NaOH dosage and longer digestion time. The condition at 170 °C with 14% NaOH dosage for 90 min digestion has the highest yield. After refining the highest pulping yield BS pulp, it can improve the handsheet strength and bulk of the OCC-BS mixed pulp, which can achieve the strength property required for industrial paper. In summary, BS exhibits the potential for pulping application and produces a better paper strength than OCC pulp, exhibiting the feasibility of enhancing the circular utilization value of BS in Taiwan.
Explaining conflict violence in terms of conflict actor dynamics
Authors: Tkacova Katerina , Idler Annette , Johnson Neil , López Eduardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the severity of conflict-related violence in Colombia at an unprecedented granular scale in space and across time. Splitting the data into different geographical regions and different historically-relevant periods, we uncover variations in the patterns of conflict severity which we then explain in terms of local conflict actors' different collective behaviors and/or conditions using a simple mathematical model of conflict actors' grouping dynamics (coalescence and fragmentation). Specifically, variations in the approximate scaling values of the distributions of event lethalities can be explained by the changing strength ratio of the local conflict actors for distinct conflict eras and organizational regions. In this way, our findings open the door to a new granular spectroscopy of human conflicts in terms of local conflict actor strength ratios for any armed conflict.
Regulation of myogenesis and adipogenesis by the electromagnetic perceptive gene
Authors: Hwang Jangsun , Jung Hae Woon , Kim Kyung Min , Jeong Daun , Lee Jin Hyuck , Hong Jeong-Ho , Jang Woo Young 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObesity has been increasing in many regions of the world, including Europe, USA, and Korea. To manage obesity, we should consider it as a disease and apply therapeutic methods for its treatment. Molecular and therapeutic approaches for obesity management involve regulating biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and protein in adipose-derived stem cells to prevent to be fat cells. Multiple factors are believed to play a role in fat differentiation, with one of the most effective factor is Ca2+. We recently reported that the electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) regulated intracellular Ca2+ levels under various electromagnetic fields. This study aimed to investigate whether EPG could serve as a therapeutic method against obesity. We confirmed that EPG serves as a modulator of Ca2+ levels in primary adipose cells, thereby regulating several genes such as CasR, PPARγ, GLU4, GAPDH during the adipogenesis. In addition, this study also identified EPG-mediated regulation of myogenesis that myocyte transcription factors (CasR, MyoG, MyoD, Myomaker) were changed in C2C12 cells and satellite cells. In vivo experiments carried out in this study confirmed that total weight/ fat/fat accumulation were decreased and lean mass was increased by EPG with magnetic field depending on age of mice. The EPG could serve as a potent therapeutic agent against obesity.
Improving portable low-field MRI image quality through image-to-image translation using paired low- and high-field images
Authors: Islam Kh Tohidul , Zhong Shenjun , Zakavi Parisa , Chen Zhifeng , Kavnoudias Helen , Farquharson Shawna , Durbridge Gail , Barth Markus , McMahon Katie L. , Parizel Paul M. , Dwyer Andrew , Egan Gary F. , Law Meng , Chen Zhaolin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow-field portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are more accessible, cost-effective, sustainable with lower carbon emissions than superconducting high-field MRI scanners. However, the images produced have relatively poor image quality, lower signal-to-noise ratio, and limited spatial resolution. This study develops and investigates an image-to-image translation deep learning model, LoHiResGAN, to enhance the quality of low-field (64mT) MRI scans and generate synthetic high-field (3T) MRI scans. We employed a paired dataset comprising T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences from the 64mT and 3T and compared the performance of the LoHiResGAN model with other state-of-the-art models, including GANs, CycleGAN, U-Net, and cGAN. Our proposed method demonstrates superior performance in terms of image quality metrics, such as normalized root-mean-squared error, structural similarity index measure, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and perception-based image quality evaluator. Additionally, we evaluated the accuracy of brain morphometry measurements for 33 brain regions across the original 3T, 64mT, and synthetic 3T images. The results indicate that the synthetic 3T images created using our proposed LoHiResGAN model significantly improve the image quality of low-field MRI data compared to other methods (GANs, CycleGAN, U-Net, cGAN) and provide more consistent brain morphometry measurements across various brain regions in reference to 3T. Synthetic images generated by our method demonstrated high quality both quantitatively and qualitatively. However, additional research, involving diverse datasets and clinical validation, is necessary to fully understand its applicability for clinical diagnostics, especially in settings where high-field MRI scanners are less accessible.
EpiVECS: exploring spatiotemporal epidemiological data using cluster embedding and interactive visualization
Authors: Mason Lee , Hicks Blànaid , Almeida Jonas S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe analysis of data over space and time is a core part of descriptive epidemiology, but the complexity of spatiotemporal data makes this challenging. There is a need for methods that simplify the exploration of such data for tasks such as surveillance and hypothesis generation. In this paper, we use combined clustering and dimensionality reduction methods (hereafter referred to as ‘cluster embedding’ methods) to spatially visualize patterns in epidemiological time-series data. We compare several cluster embedding techniques to see which performs best along a variety of internal cluster validation metrics. We find that methods based on k-means clustering generally perform better than self-organizing maps on real world epidemiological data, with some minor exceptions. We also introduce EpiVECS, a tool which allows the user to perform cluster embedding and explore the results using interactive visualization. EpiVECS is available as a privacy preserving, in-browser open source web application at https://episphere.github.io/epivecs.
Simplified assessment of castration-induced pain in pigs using lower complexity algorithms
Authors: da Silva Gustavo Venâncio , Pivato Giovana Mancilla , Peres Beatriz Granetti , Luna Stelio Pacca Loureiro , Pairis-Garcia Monique Danielle , Trindade Pedro Henrique Esteves 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPigs are raised on a global scale for commercial or research purposes and often experience pain as a by product of management practices and procedures performed. Therefore, ensuring pain can be effectively identified and monitored in these settings is critical to ensure appropriate pig welfare. The Unesp-Botucatu Pig Composite Acute Pain Scale (UPAPS) was validated to diagnose pain in pre-weaned and weaned pigs using a combination of six behavioral items. To date, statistical weighting of supervised and unsupervised algorithms was not compared in ranking pain-altered behaviors in swine has not been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify if supervised and unsupervised algorithms with different levels of complexity can improve UPAPS pain diagnosis in pigs undergoing castration. The predictive capacity of the algorithms was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC). Lower complexity algorithms containing fewer pain-altered behaviors had similar AUC (90.1–90.6) than algorithms containing five (89.18–91.24) and UPAPS (90.58). In conclusion, utilizing a short version of the UPAPS did not influence the predictive capacity of the scale, and therefore it may be easier to apply and be implemented consistently to monitor pain in commercial and experimental settings.
The Notch1 signaling pathway directly modulates the human RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Padovano Costanzo , Bianco Salvatore Daniele , Sansico Francesca , De Santis Elisabetta , Tamiro Francesco , Colucci Mattia , Totti Beatrice , Di Iasio Serena , Bruno Gaja , Panelli Patrizio , Miscio Giuseppe , Mazza Tommaso , Giambra Vincenzo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNotch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway with a key role in tissue homeostasis, differentiation and proliferation. It was reported that Notch1 receptor negatively regulates mouse osteoclast development and formation by inhibiting the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in mesenchymal cells. Nonetheless, the involvement of Notch1 pathway in the generation of human osteoclasts is still controversial. Here, we report that the constitutive activation of Notch1 signaling induced a differentiation block in human mononuclear CD14+ cells directly isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon in vitro stimulation to osteoclasts. Additionally, using a combined approach of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) simultaneously with a panel of 31 oligo-conjugated antibodies against cell surface markers (AbSeq assay) as well as unsupervised learning methods, we detected four different cell stages of human RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis after 5 days in which Notch1 signaling enforces the cell expansion of specific subsets. These cell populations were characterized by distinct gene expression and immunophenotypic profiles and active Notch1, JAK/STAT and WNT signaling pathways. Furthermore, cell–cell communication analyses revealed extrinsic modulators of osteoclast progenitors including the IL7/IL7R and WNT5a/RYK axes. Interestingly, we also report that Interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) was a downstream effector of Notch1 pathway and that Notch1 and IL7R interplay promoted cell expansion of human RANKL-induced osteoclast progenitors. Taken together, these findings underline a novel cell pattern of human osteoclastogenesis, outlining the key role of Notch1 and IL-7R signaling pathways.
Defects detection of GMAW process based on convolutional neural network algorithm
Authors: Li Haichao , Ma Yixuan , Duan Mingrui , Wang Xin , Che Tong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is significant to predict welding quality during gas metal arc welding process. The welding defect detection algorithm has been developed based on convolutional neural network (CNN). The sensing system and image processing algorithm for molten pools has been developed. It overcomes the interference caused by the arc light to obtain clear images of the molten pool's boundaries. The molten pools images are used to build up training set and test set for training and testing the CNN model. The model is designed to extract the visual features of molten pool images to predict the penetration state, the welding crater, and slags. Through optimizing the network parameters such as kernel-size, batch-size and learning rate, the prediction accuracy is higher than 95%. Moreover, the model enhances additional focus on the welding crater based on the welder experience. The mechanisms between molten pool characteristics and welding defects were analyzed based on the welder experience and the visual features of the model. It is found that the model judges the occurrence of burn-through with the black hole in the middle zone of the molten pool. When the surface pores are generated, the model exhibits a strong response to circular voids in the semi-solid region at the trailing end of the molten pool. The size and shape of fusion holes exhibit a strong correlation with the molten state. When the shape of the crater does not appear concave, it often signifies excessive penetration. It contributes to enhancing the algorithm's robustness during various welding scenarios.
A two-kinesin mechanism controls neurogenesis in the developing brain
Authors: Helmer Paige , Vallee Richard B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring the course of brain development, Radial Glial Progenitor (RGP) cells give rise to most of the neurons required for a functional cortex. RGPs can undergo symmetric divisions, which result in RGP duplication, or asymmetric divisions, which result in one RGP as well as one to four neurons. The control of this balance is not fully understood, but must be closely regulated to produce the cells required for a functioning cortex, and to maintain the stem cell pool. In this study, we show that the balance between symmetric and asymmetric RGP divisions is in part regulated by the actions of two kinesins, Kif1A and Kif13B, which we find have opposing roles in neurogenesis through their action on the mitotic spindle in dividing RGPs. We find that Kif1A promotes neurogenesis, whereas Kif13B promotes symmetric, non-neurogenic divisions. Interestingly, the two kinesins are closely related in structure, and members of the same kinesin-3 subfamily, thus their opposing effects on spindle orientation appear to represent a novel mechanism for the regulation of neurogenesis.
Ultra-high-resolution mapping of ambient fine particulate matter to estimate human exposure in Beijing
Authors: Wang Yongyue , Li Qiwei , Luo Zhenyu , Zhao Junchao , Lv Zhaofeng , Deng Qiuju , Liu Jing , Ezzati Majid , Baumgartner Jill , Liu Huan , He Kebin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the decreasing regional-transported levels, the health risk assessment derived from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has become insufficient to reflect the contribution of local source heterogeneity to the exposure differences. Here, we combined the both ultra-high-resolution PM2.5 concentration with population distribution to provide the personal daily PM2.5 internal dose considering the indoor/outdoor exposure difference. A 30-m PM2.5 assimilating method was developed fusing multiple auxiliary predictors, achieving higher accuracy (R2 = 0.78–0.82) than the chemical transport model outputs without any post-simulation data-oriented enhancement (R2 = 0.31–0.64). Weekly difference was identified from hourly mobile signaling data in 30-m resolution population distribution. The population-weighted ambient PM2.5 concentrations range among districts but fail to reflect exposure differences. Derived from the indoor/outdoor ratio, the average indoor PM2.5 concentration was 26.5 μg/m3. The internal dose based on the assimilated indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentration shows high exposure diversity among sub-groups, and the attributed mortality increased by 24.0% than the coarser unassimilated model.
Critical role of dopant in NiOx hole transport layer for mitigating redox reactivity at NiOx/absorber interface in mixed cation perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sudhakaran Menon Vidya , Ganesan Saraswathi , Raman Rohith Kumar , Alagumalai Ananthan , Krishnamoorthy Ananthanarayanan 
Published: December 2023

V-dopant’s hard acid electronic nature reduces the Lewis acid-base reaction at NiOx/perovskite interface. This work shows that the redox process mediated by Ni3+ ions is inhibited even when the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio rises with doping.