bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of gene expression changes induced in mouse and human cells treated with direct‐acting mutagens
Authors: Islaih Mohammed , Li Baohui , Kadura Ibrahim A. , Reid‐Hubbard Jaclyn L. , Deahl J. Thom , Altizer Julie L. , Watson David E. , Newton Ronald K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExposure to DNA‐damaging agents can elicit a variety of stress‐related responses that may alter the gene expression of numerous biological pathways. We used Affymetrix microarrays to detect gene expression changes in mouse lymphoma (L5178Y) and human lymphoblastoid (TK6) cells in response to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; a prototypical alkylating agent) and bleomycin (a prototypical oxidative mutagen). Cells were treated for 4 hr, and RNA was isolated either at the end of the treatment or after a 20‐hr recovery period. Two concentrations of each agent were used based on cytotoxicity levels and Tk mutant frequencies. Our microarray data analysis indicated that MMS and bleomycin gene expression responses were considerably different in mouse cells versus human cells. The results also suggested that more comprehensive cellular responses to MMS and bleomycin occurred in TK6 cells than in L5178Y cells. In contrast to L5178Y cells, the response of TK6 cells to MMS and bleomycin was characterized by the induction of p53‐dependent genes that are involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. It appears that the induction of DNA damage by MMS in human TK6 cells mediated cytotoxicity and led to decreased cell survival. This may explain the greater sensitivity of TK6 cells to cytotoxic effects of MMS compared to L5178Y cells. Bleomycin exerted comparable cytotoxic effects in the two cell lines. Overall, these studies were unable to identify distinctive gene expression changes that differentiated bleomycin from MMS in either TK6 cells or mouse lymphoma cells. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calibration of gas chromatography inlet splitting for gas chromatography olfactometry dilution analysis
Authors: Deibler Kathryn D. , Martin Llesca Fabien , Lavin Edward H. , Acree Terry E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe application of solid phase microextraction (SPME) to gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) dilution analysis has previously been achieved by varying the thickness of the ﬁbre phase and the length of exposure. In this study, eight steps of dilution by a factor of 2 were achieved by splitting of the injected sample in different ratios in the gas chromatograph's injection port. Using solvent injection and SPME headspace sampling, it was found that the nominal split ratios of the hardware requires calibration to achieve the actual dilutions desired. This calibration method was applied to the CharmAnalysis of coffee as it was brewed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo studies on the long‐term persistence of volatiles in the breath
Authors: Hodgson M. , Parker A. , Linforth R. S. T. , Taylor A. J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe long‐term persistence of ﬁve volatiles in the breath was studied to determine the effects of respiration and the physical properties of each of the volatiles. The long‐term persistence of each of the volatiles in the breath was modelled successfully and used to show that the breath volatile concentration 1 min after consuming the solution was greater when panelists exhaled at a slower rate. The air–water partition coefﬁcient (Kaw) was inﬂuential in controlling the initial stages of persistence; compounds with a higher Kaw were found to decay at a much faster rate than compounds with a low Kaw. The decay rate during the later stages was constant for all the volatiles, which indicates that the rate‐limiting factor during the later stages of persistence does not depend on the individual properties of the volatiles. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between orthonasal and retronasal ﬂavour perception at different concentrations
Authors: Espinosa Diaz Marian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTo be perceived, ﬂavour molecules need to reach the olfactory epithelium, located in the nasal cavity. This can be achieved through orthonasal (sniff) or retronasal (mouth) airways. The intensity perceived will depend on the number of molecules that reach the receptor cells. The aim of this study is to compare the dose–response behaviour of ﬂavour molecules, depending on whether the ﬂavours were sniffed or tasted. Six ﬂavour compounds were studied, including a homologous series of esters, and the differences on dose–response curves (intensity vs. concentration) correlated to the physicochemical characteristics of the ﬂavour molecules. In addition, the matching concentration in water to get the same intensity by sniff as a reference tasted by mouth for some ﬂavour compounds was determined. It was shown that the differences in orthonasal and retronasal perception depend strongly on the physical characteristics of the aroma chemicals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical characterization of controlled release of paclitaxel from the TAXUS™ Express2™ drug‐eluting stent
Authors: Ranade Shrirang V. , Miller Kathleen M. , Richard Robert E. , Chan A. Ken , Allen Michael J. , Helmus Michael N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe polymer carrier technology in the TAXUS™ drug‐eluting stent consists of a thermoplastic elastomer poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) (SIBS) with microphase‐separated morphology resulting in optimal properties for a drug‐delivery stent coating. Comprehensive physical characterization of the stent coatings and cast film formulations showed that paclitaxel (PTx) exists primarily as discrete nanoparticles embedded in the SIBS matrix. Thermal and chemical analysis did not show any evidence of solubility of PTx in SIBS or of any molecular miscibility between PTx and SIBS. Atomic force microscope data images revealed for the first time three‐dimensional stent coating surfaces at high spatial resolutions in air and in situ under phosphate‐buffered saline as drug was released. PTx release involves the initial dissolution of drug particles from the PTx/SIBS coating surface. Morphological examination of the stent coatings in vitro supported an early burst release in most formulations because of surface PTx followed by a sustained slower release of PTx from the bulk coating. The in vitro PTx release kinetics were dependent on the formulation and correlated to the drug‐to‐polymer ratio. Atomic force microscopy analysis confirmed this correlation and further supported the concept of a matrix‐based drug‐release coating. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 625–634, 2004
Paradigmatic identification of MMP‐2 and MT1‐MMP activation systems in cardiac fibroblasts cultured as a monolayer
Authors: Guo Chun , Jiang Juwei , Martin Elliott J. , Piacentini Lucia 
Published: November 2004

AbstractActivations of MMP‐2 and membrane type 1‐matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) have been correlated with cell migration, a key cellular event in the wound healing and tissue remodeling. We have previously demonstrated furin‐dependent MMP‐2 and MT1‐MMP activations induced by type I collagen in cardiac fibroblasts. To understand mechanistic aspects of the regulation of MMP‐2 and MT1‐MMP activations by potential non‐matrix factor(s) in cardiac fibroblasts, in the present study, we examined the effects of various agents including concanavalin A (ConA), a proteolytic phenotype‐producing agent. We showed that treatment of cells with ConA activated pro‐MMP‐2, and that this activation concurred with elevated levels of cellular MT1‐MMP and TIMP‐2. The presence of active MT1‐MMP and 43 and 36 kDa processed forms of MT1‐MMP in a fraction of intracellular proteins prepared from ConA‐treated cells suggests the possible internalization of differential forms of MT1‐MMP. The appearance of 36 kDa processed form of MT1‐MMP in conditioned media prepared from ConA‐treated cells indicates the possible extracellular release of the further processed MT1‐MMP fragment. Inhibition of furin in ConA‐treated cells attenuated pro‐MT1‐MMP processing and the cellular TIMP‐2 level, plus it reduced cell‐released active MMP‐2 in a time‐dependent manner. These results suggest the involvement of furin in the ConA‐induced activations of MT1‐MMP and MMP‐2. Furthermore, the existence of furin inhibitor‐insensitive pro‐ and active MMP‐2 species associated with ConA‐treated cells implies that a mechanism independent of furin may perhaps account for the binding of the MMP‐2 species to the cells. Supplementary material for this article can be found at http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/suppmat/0730‐2312/suppmat/94/suppmat_guo.tif. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High hydrostatic pressure inhibits the biosynthesis of eukaryotic elongation factor‐2
Authors: Elo Mika A. , Karjalainen Hannu M. , Sironen Reijo K. , Valmu Leena , Redpath Nicholas T. , Browne Gareth J. , Kalkkinen Nisse , Helminen Heikki J. , Lammi Mikko J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHigh continuous hydrostatic pressure is known to inhibit the total cellular protein synthesis. In this study, our goal was to identify pressure‐regulated proteins by using two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. This analysis showed that under 30 MPa continuous hydrostatic pressure the biosynthesis of eukaryotic elongation factor‐2 (eEF‐2) was inhibited both in HeLa carcinoma and T/C28a4 chondrocytic cell lines. Western blot analysis of HeLa cells revealed that the cellular protein level of eEF‐2 decreased by 40%–50% within 12 h of the pressure treatment. However, the steady‐state mRNA level of eEF‐2 was not affected by the pressure. Cycloheximide addition after 4 h‐pressure treatment suggested that the half‐life of eEF‐2 protein was shorter in pressurized cells. eEF‐2 is responsible for the translocation of ribosome along the specific mRNA during translation, and its phosphorylation prevents the ribosomal translocation. Therefore, increased phosphorylation of eEF‐2 was considered as one mechanism that could explain the reduced level of protein synthesis in pressurized HeLa cell cultures. However, Western blot analysis with an antibody recognizing the Thr56‐phosphorylated form of eEF‐2 showed that phosphorylation of eEF‐2 was not elevated in pressurized samples. In conclusion, the inhibition of protein synthesis under high pressure occurs independent of the phosphorylation of eEF‐2. However, this inhibition may result from the decrease of cellular eEF‐2 protein. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No 17‐player triplewhist tournament has nontrivial automorphisms
Authors: Haanpää Harri 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe existence of triplewhist tournaments for v players has recently been solved for all values of v except  = 17. For v = 12 and v = 13, a complete enumeration has shown the nonexistence of TWh(v), while constructions of TWh(v) have been presented for v > 17. For several values of v, existence has been shown by constructing a TWh(v) with a prescribed, usually cyclic, automorphism group. In this article, it is shown that the strategy of constructing a TWh(v) with a prescribed automorphism group cannot succeed with TWh(17), since no 17‐player triplewhist tournament has nontrivial automorphisms. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Racial discrimination in the Brazilian labour market: wage, employment and segregation effects
Authors: Arcand Jean‐Louis , D'hombres Béatrice 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe social science literature has done much to document pervasive racial discrimination in Brazil and there is little doubt that a very dark colour is a handicap to social advancement. Nevertheless, very few empirical economic studies have attempted to quantify the impact of ethnic discrimination in Brazil. Using data culled from the Pesquisa National por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), this paper fills this void by analysing ethnic wage and employment gaps, as well as occupational segregation in Brazil, using the Oaxaca decomposition methodology. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on bambara groundnut flour performance in Okpa preparation
Authors: Barimalaa Iminabo S , Agoha Gloria , Oboh Christian A , Kiin‐Kabari David B 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBambara groundnut flours of different particle sizes were prepared after bean seeds had been cold‐soaked and/or germinated, dried, milled and sieved. The flours were used to prepare okpa (local dish prepared by steaming mashed bambara groundnut) and their sensory properties determined. Viscosity of the flour pastes, before steaming, were also determined. Results showed that bambara groundnut flours from both germinated and cold‐soaked beans could be used in preparing good quality okpa and, therefore, remove all the problems involved in preparing the raw beans for okpa‐making as is done traditionally. Particle size appeared to play a major role in obtaining good okpa; therefore flours intended for okpa preparation should be such that 66, 86 and 96%, respectively, of cold‐soaked bean flour or 58, 78 and 91%, respectively, of germinated bean flour, after 1, 3 and 5 milling passes, should be in the particle range 1.5–4.5 × 10−4 m. Slightly higher amounts of the coarse (6.0 × 10−4 m) particles are needed in the germinated bean flours to compensate for the breakdown of starch and proteins, the gelling agents in bambara groundnut. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Striking intrafamilial phenotypic variability and spastic paraplegia in the presence of similar homozygous expansions of the FRDA1 gene
Authors: Badhwar AmanPreet , Jansen An , Andermann Frederick , Pandolfo Massimo , Andermann Eva 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report on a Friedreich's ataxia (FA) family with 3 affected siblings with markedly different phenotypic presentations, including one with spastic paraplegia. Molecular analysis showed midsize GAA repeat expansion sizes in all 3 individuals. Gait spasticity in FA, although rare, has been described in a few patients who are compound heterozygotes for a point mutation, or who had GAA expansions of less than 200 repeats. The occurrence of spastic paraplegia in our family, in the presence of homozygous midsize GAA repeat expansions, is an unusual finding. Spasticity can be the main feature in both sporadic and familial patients with FA, either as an isolated finding, or in addition to other neurological abnormalities, and should be included as a rare feature in the clinical spectrum of FA. This family also demonstrates that in FA, marked intrafamilial phenotypic variability can arise in the presence of similar GAA expansion sizes. Therefore, in familial FA, the disease course in relatives therefore cannot be predicted solely from repeat length. Factors such as somatic mosaicism, repeat interruptions, modifying mutations and environmental factors must also be considered. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Identification of a hyaluronic acid (HA) binding domain in the PH‐20 protein that may function in cell signaling
Authors: Vines C.A. , Li M.W. , Deng X. , Yudin A.I. , Cherr G.N. , Overstreet J.W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe macaque sperm surface protein PH‐20 is a hyaluronidase, but it also interacts with hyaluronic acid (HA) to increase internal calcium ( [Ca2+]i ) in the sperm cell. A region of the PH‐20 molecule, termed Peptide 2 (aa 205–235), has amino acid charge homology with other HA binding proteins. The Peptide 2 sequence was synthesized and two recombinant PH‐20 proteins were developed, one containing the Peptide 2 region (G3, aa 143–510) and one without it (E12, aa 291–510). On Western blots, affinity‐purified anti‐Peptide 2 IgG recognized the 64 kDa band corresponding to PH‐20 in acrosome intact sperm and, under reducing conditions, recognized the whole 67 kDa PH‐20 and the endoproteolyzed N‐terminal fragment of PH‐20. HA conjugated to a photoaffinity substrate specifically bound to sperm surface PH‐20. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that Fab fragments of anti‐Peptide 2 IgG bound to the head of live sperm. Biotinylated HA was bound by Peptide 2 and by sperm extracts in a microplate binding assay, and this binding was inhibited by Fab fragments of anti‐Peptide 2 IgG. Biotinylated HA bound to the G3 protein and this binding was inhibited by anti‐Peptide 2 Fab, but HA did not bind to the E12 protein. Fab fragments of anti‐Peptide 2 IgG inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i induced in macaque sperm by HA. Our results suggest that the Peptide 2 region of PH‐20 is involved in binding HA, which results in the cell signaling events related to the elevation of [Ca2+]i during sperm penetration of the cumulus. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 542–552, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DSC‐Ritz method for the free vibration analysis of Mindlin plates
Authors: Hou Yunshan , Wei G. W. , Xiang Y. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel method for the free vibration analysis of Mindlin plates. The proposed method takes the advantage of both the local bases of the discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm and the pb‐2 Ritz boundary functions to arrive at a new approach, called DSC‐Ritz method. Two basis functions are constructed by using DSC delta sequence kernels of the positive type. The energy functional of the Mindlin plate is represented by the newly constructed basis functions and is minimized under the Ritz variational principle. Extensive numerical experiments are considered by different combinations of boundary conditions of Mindlin plates of rectangular and triangular shapes. The performance of the proposed method is carefully validated by convergence analysis. The frequency parameters agree very well with those in the literature. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed DSC‐Ritz method is a very promising new method for vibration analysis of Mindlin plates. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for cholelithiasis in pregnancy
Authors: Lindseth Glenda , Bird‐Baker Marilyn Yellow 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis study was designed to examine the relationships of demographics, anthropometrics, prenatal physical activity, serum cholesterol, and nutrient intakes to symptomatic cholelithiasis (gallstone) occurrence in 128 northern plains pregnant women. Data collected at 14 and 26 weeks of pregnancy and 4 weeks after delivery, indicated 25.8% of the Native American and 8.3% of the Caucasian pregnant women experienced symptoms of cholelithiasis. Body mass indices (BMIs) were significantly higher in the pregnant women who experienced cholelithiasis than in those who did not have cholelithiasis, and prenatal physical activity was significantly lower in those same women. History of gallbladder disease (β = .73; p = .001), BMI (β = .33; p = .01), and prenatal physical activity (β = −.20; p = .04) were predictive of increased occurrence of cholelithiasis during pregnancy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:382–391, 2004
Intrauterine growth retardation in full‐term newborn infants with birth weights greater than 2,500 g
Authors: Steward Deborah K. , Moser Debra K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIntrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is an overlooked problem in full‐term infants with birth weights greater than 2,500 g. Birth weight less than the 10th percentile underestimates the presence of IUGR. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of IUGR in full‐term infants and to identify sociodemographic and maternal characteristics associated with IUGR. The Ohio Department of Health Vital Statistics database was used to obtain data related to sociodemographic and maternal characteristics. The fetal growth ratio (FGR) was used to determine the presence of IUGR. The sample consisted of 1,569 infants with normal ratios and 1,364 infants classified as IUGR. Infants with IUGR were more often male and African American or Asian American. Maternal characteristics associated with IUGR included history of smoking during pregnancy, lower pre‐pregnancy weight, lower weight gain during pregnancy, and inadequate prenatal care. IUGR is present in a significant number of full‐term infants with birth weights greater than 2,500 g. The long‐term effects of IUGR in these infants remain to be determined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:403–412, 2004
The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the trait anxiety scale for children
Authors: Li Ho Cheung William , Lopez Violeta 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe availability of a valid and reliable tool that accurately measures and differentiates pre‐operative anxiety level of children is crucial before any intervention can be appropriately planned, provided, and evaluated. The purposes of this study were to translate the original Trait Anxiety Scale for Children into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly translated scale for its utility in clinical practice and research. Five hundred and nineteen children from a primary school were recruited for this study. The instrument demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability, and strong evidence of content and construct validity. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the scale with a good fit between the factor structure of the scale and the observed data. Results suggest that the Chinese version of the Trait Anxiety Scale for Children can be used as a self‐report assessment tool in measuring trait anxiety level of Chinese children ages 7–12 years. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:426–434, 2004
Thermosensitive noncovalently bonded block copolymerlike micelles from interpolymer complexes
Authors: Topouza Dimitra , Orfanou Katerina , Pispas Stergios 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInterpolymer complexes between polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine), (PS‐P2VP), and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), have been studied in dioxane. Dioxane is a good solvent for PS‐P2VP copolymers but it is a nonsolvent for PMAA at room temperature. In this way noncovalent bonded micelles are formed after mixing the solutions of the polymers at 60 °C and then allowing them to cool at room temperature. Static and dynamic light scattering as well as viscosity measurements have been used to study the dependence of aggregate mass and size as a function of the molar ratio of functional groups in PS‐P2VP/PMAA mixtures, as well as temperature. Plots of apparent average molecular weight and hydrodynamic radius of the aggregates versus amine to carboxyl group ratio show a maximum at a ratio close to one. The size of the aggregates decreases at higher ratios because of the formation of more stable micelles with smaller cores. In all cases rather compact structures were formed, as evidenced by viscometry. The mass of the aggregates was found to decrease by an increase in temperature while hydrodynamic radii were increased. This was attributed to the increase of the thermodynamic quality of the solvent toward PMAA as temperature increases. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6230–6237, 2004
Counterion binding in Na poly(acrylate) gel. An 23Na‐NMR study
Authors: Minato Takafumi , Satoh Mitsuru 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCounterion binding in Na poly(acrylate) gel immersed in water/organic solvent [ethanol (EtOH), acetonitrile (AcN), or tetrahydrofuran (THF)] mixtures was investigated by 23Na‐NMR spectroscopy. With an increase in the content of an organic solvent (∼40–50 vol %), the 23Na chemical shift significantly moved downfield on a gel collapse. This downfield shift strongly suggests that the gel collapse was induced by contact ion‐pair formation between the counterion and the carboxyl anion on the polymer. With a further increase in the solvent content (∼90 vol %), the chemical shift for an EtOH system showed a slight upfield shift, while THF and AcN systems maintained downfield shifts. The contrasting behaviors for EtOH and the latter two solvent systems were interpreted as being caused by desolvation and resolvation of bound Na+ counterions because of deswelling and reswelling of the respective gels in the pertinent solvent concentration regions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4412–4420, 2004