bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards disaster prevention in community centers: development of a code-based fire risk assessment tool
Authors: Hassanain Mohammad A. , Albugami Zayed A. 
Published: October 2023

PurposeCommunity centers play a socio-economic and urban role of combining different communal necessities, that serve inhabitants, at different neighborhoods in cities. Their role emerged in importance as being a hub for improving and customizing quality of life experiences of the public. This research presents a code-based risk assessment tool for evaluating fire safety measures that can be adapted in the context of community centers. It also provides an exemplary case study to demonstrate its application.Design/methodology/approachThe study identified the factors that render community centers as a high-risk type of facilities in fire events. Various fire codes and standards were reviewed to describe the relevant fire safety measures. A code-based fire risk assessment tool was developed and implemented, through a case study. A set of recommendations were developed to improve the fire safety conditions of the case study facility.FindingsSeveral violations to fire safety were identified in the case study building. The findings led to identifying a set of recommendations to improve its fire safety conditions.Practical implicationsThis research introduced a systematic approach to raise awareness about fire incidences and consequences in community centers, and provides facilities managers with a tool, to assess compliance based on international fire code requirements.Originality/valueIn fire events, community centers are considered as high-risk facilities that may lead to significant losses of human lives and damages to assets. It is significant to study the causes of fire, for ensuring effective prevention and safe operations.
The relationship between decline rate of residual renal function in the first year and mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Wu Na , Chen Sijia , Peng Fenfen , Luo Congwei , Li Peilin , Chen Yihua , Zhou Weidong , Long Haibo , Yang Qixuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the relationship between the rate of residual renal function (RRF) decline in the first year and all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsIncident PD patients were divided into two groups by the corresponding RRF decline value, when hazard ratio (HR) = 1 was found by the restricted cubic spline. The associations of rate of decline of RRF in the first year with mortality were evaluated.ResultsOf 497 PD patients, 122 patients died. After adjusting for confounding factors, patients in fast‐decline group had a significant increase risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.97 and 2.09, respectively). Each 0.1‐mL/min/1.73 m2/month decrease in RRF in the first year of PD was associated with a 19% and 20% higher risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively.ConclusionsFaster decline of RRF in the first year was independently associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients.
Effect of hospital‐community online management on medication management of elderly patients with peritoneal dialysis during COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Jun‐Sheng , Xie Xiao‐hui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe study aimed to explore feasibility and effect of hospital‐community online management on the medication management of elderly peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) during COVID‐19.MethodsA total of 160 patients receiving PD were randomly divided into the control (n = 80, outpatient follow‐up management mode) and observation (n = 80, hospital‐community online management mode) groups. The self‐efficacy (General Self‐Efficacy Scale [GSES]), medication adherence (8‐item Morisky medication adherence scale [MMAS‐8]), quality of life (kidney disease quality of life short form [KDQOL‐SF]), and degree of depression (beck depression inventory [BDI]) before and after the intervention were compared.ResultsAfter the intervention, the scores of GSES (4.20 ± 0.46 vs. 3.09 ± 0.33), MMAS‐8 (5.82 ± 0.92 vs. 5.13 ± 1.25), and KDQOL‐SF were significantly higher, whereas the BDI score (9.50 ± 2.86 vs. 12.08 ± 2.95) was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionHospital‐community online management presents good effects in the medication management of PD patients with ESRD.
Movement ecology of endangered caribou during a COVID‐19 mediated pause in winter recreation
Authors: Gill R. , Serrouya R. , Calvert A. M. , Ford A. , Steenweg R. , Noonan M. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe long‐term conservation of species at risk relies on numerous, and often concurrent, management actions to support their recovery. Generally, these actions are habitat‐based while others are focused on a species' position within its ecological community. Less studied are the impacts from human presence, despite evidence that human activity may reduce the area functionally available for occupancy or resource acquisition. In the winter of 2020/2021, COVID‐19‐related travel restrictions led to a reduction in helicopter‐assisted back‐country skiing (heli‐skiing). We examined how these reductions in heli‐skiing (termed the anthropause) affected the movement ecology and resource selection of southern mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) as compared to two prior years (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) and the following year when heli‐skiing resumed (2021/2022). We found that home‐range size was on average 80–120% larger during the anthropause than in years of normal heli‐ski operations. Movement rates also varied among periods, with movement during the anthropause (11.9 km2/day) being higher than in 2019/2020 (7.8 km2/day) and 2021/2022 (8.7 km2/day), though similar to 2018/2019 (12.2 km2/day). Resource selection among periods did not differ, with caribou consistently selecting old forests, high elevations and gentle terrain. These results suggest that back‐country recreation, specifically heli‐skiing, may be limiting access to resources for southern mountain caribou. This limitation arises through reduced home‐range size within suitable late‐winter habitat, relative to when heli‐skiing is reduced or not occurring – consistent with Encounter Theory. While the demographic effects of reduced home‐range size and movement were not examined here, reduced access to resources likely compounds other stressors known to affect population viability of caribou. The results of this study demonstrate the impact that recreation can have on wildlife and highlight the need to consider heli‐skiing and other forms of recreation when developing recovery plans.
Recent trends and risk factors associated with Clostridioides difficile infections in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Spartz Ellen J. , DeDecker Lauren C. , Fansiwala Kush M. , Noorian Shaya , Roney Andrew R. , Hakimian Shahrad , Sauk Jenny S. , Chen Po‐Hung , Limketkai Berkeley N. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundClostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) are common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can mimic and exacerbate IBD flares, thus warranting appropriate testing during flares.AimsTo examine recent trends in rates of CDI and associated risk factors in hospitalized IBD patients, which may better inform targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of infection.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis using the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2020 of hospitalized individuals with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Longitudinal changes in rates of CDI were evaluated using International Classification of Diseases codes. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association between patient‐ and hospital‐related factors and CDI.ResultsThere were 2,521,935 individuals with IBD who were hospitalized at least once during the study period. Rates of CDI in IBD‐related hospitalizations increased from 2010 to 2015 (CD: 1.64%–3.32%, p < 0.001; UC: 4.15%–5.81%, p < 0.001), followed by a steady decline from 2016 to 2020 (CD: 3.15%–2.27%, p < 0.001; UC: 5.04%–4.27%, p < 0.001). In multivariable models, CDI was associated with the Charlson–Deyo comorbidity index, public insurance, and hospital size. CDI was associated with increased mortality.ConclusionsRates of CDI among hospitalized patients with IBD had initially increased, but have declined since 2015. Increased comorbidity, large hospital size, public insurance, and urban teaching hospitals were associated with higher rates of CDI. CDI was associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients with IBD. Continued vigilance, infection control, and treatment of CDI can help continue the trend of declining infection rates.
The macroscopical anatomy of the lungs and thorax of the African lion (Panthera leo)
Authors: Marais Carmen Alicia , Crole Martina Rachel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe left and right lungs extend from the second rib to the 13th, while only a small portion is present cranial to the 4th rib. The basal border of the left lung extends horizontally from the second costochondral junction (CCJ) to just ventral to the seventh CCJ, and then dorso‐caudally to the angle of the 13th rib. The right lung has a similar configuration except for the basal border, which is located above the fifth to the sixth CCJ. The cardiac incisure is more prominent in the right lung and is formed by the notched space between the ventral margins of the cranial and middle lobes. The lungs are well‐lobated, with complete fissures laterally but none medially. The trachea and primary bronchi are large and have a wide, thin membranous part. The muscular front limbs could limit cranial thoracic expansion, with the result that the bulk of the functional lung capacity is present caudal to the tricipital line. Recommended sites for intracardiac injections are on either side of the fifth CCJ, and for thoracocentesis, just dorsal to the seventh or eighth CCJ. Care is needed while intubating a lion's trachea because of the delicate membranous part.
The interplay between investment traits and cognitive abilities: Investigating reciprocal effects in elementary school age
Authors: Bergold Sebastian , Steinmayr Ricarda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on investment theories and guided by Mussel's (2013) intellect model, the present study investigated reciprocal relations over 1 year (2021–2022) between investment traits (need for cognition, achievement motives, epistemic curiosity) and fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities in 565 German elementary school children (298 girls; Mage = 8.40, SD = 0.59; 59.5% with immigration background). Children's fluid and crystallized abilities increased over time, whereas fear of failure and curiosity decreased. Investment traits barely predicted change in cognitive abilities. However, mathematical ability predicted change in most investment traits (.14 ≤ |β| ≤ .20), even after accounting for control variables. Results largely contradict investment theories but support the role of crystallized abilities for the development of investment traits in elementary school age.
SI‐CBPAR: Towards structural indicators of community‐based participatory action research
Authors: Meyerson Beth E. , Russell Danielle M. , Mahoney Arlene , Garnett Irene , Samorano Savannah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionStructural aspects of community‐engaged research are not well measured yet have critical implications for community research empowerment. This is particularly so with people who use drugs. We introduce the Structural Indicators of Community‐Based Participatory Action Research (SI‐CBPAR) to measure structural indicators of community‐research entity relationships.MethodsA three‐phased process of iterative development, feasibility and applicability assessment was used to examine the instrument with community‐engaged studies as a first stage of instrument development. The development team included people with university, non‐government organisation and lived/ing drug use experience. Four studies on the health of people who use drugs were reviewed for indicator evidence followed by iterative discussion about construct and item discrepancies. Indicators were measured for the degree to which they were observed using a three‐point scale.ResultsAll but two constructs were confirmed for meaning. Constructs of ‘community’ and ‘coalition’ required revision and explanation. The need for further exploration of power differentials between community and community‐based organisations was identified. Indicator evidence was found for all six categories across studies. The instrument was deemed applicable and easy to use. It was observed that categories could apply to studies with various degrees of community engagement and to other research focal areas.Discussion and ConclusionsSI‐CBPAR applicability testing and initial category confirmation indicate its potential utility for community research collaboratives. The next phase of development involves cognitive interviewing with researchers from across community engaged research orientations, and with communities engaged in research beyond drug user health.
A European regulatory pathway for Tidepool loop following clearance in the United States?
Authors: Downey Laura , O'Donnell Shane , Melvin Tom , Quigley Muireann 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe recent clearance by the United States Food and Drug Administration of Tidepool Loop sets an important precedent within the medical device landscape. For the first time, an automated insulin delivery mobile application—based on an algorithm initially designed and developed by users —has been recognised as safe and effective by a regulatory body. The aim of this paper is twofold: firstly, we map out the regulatory pathways and processes that were navigated by Tidepool, the non‐profit behind Tidepool Loop, in order to make this landmark moment possible. Secondly, we set out potential approvals processes in the European Union and United Kingdom with a view to examining the challenges to obtaining regulatory clearance for Tidepool Loop in these jurisdictions. In so doing, we highlight the significant differences, not only between the United States and European systems but also between the European Union and Great Britain systems. We conclude by arguing that the complexity encountered when seeking to introduce an innovative solution in different regulatory systems has the potential to act as a disincentive to open source developers from seeking regulatory approvals for such technologies in the future.
Insulin, but not adiponectin, is detectable in equine saliva using an automated, commercial assay
Authors: Barnabé Marine A. , Elliott Jonathan , Harris Patricia A. , Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe hormones insulin and adiponectin are commonly measured in equids because of their involvement in endocrinopathic laminitis. These are currently measured in serum/plasma, although jugular venipuncture can cause stress in some animals and may be impossible in needle‐shy individuals. However, both hormones can be measured in saliva in other species.ObjectivesTo determine whether [insulin] and [total adiponectin] are detectable in equine saliva using automated assays and whether saliva collection is associated with changes in stress indicators. Additionally, the correlation between serum and salivary [insulin] was investigated.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsPaired blood and saliva samples were collected from eight adult ponies at multiple time‐points (n = 45 paired samples). [Insulin] and [total adiponectin] were measured using automated assays validated for equine serum/plasma. Blink rates and heart rates were determined, using video recordings and a wearable heart rate monitor respectively, to assess the effects of sample collection on stress indicators compared with a control situation without a stressful stimulus.Results[Total adiponectin] was undetectable in saliva. However, salivary [insulin] was measurable with acceptable inter‐assay (1.3 ± 0.9%) and intra‐assay (1.1 ± 0.6%) variability. Blink and heart rates during saliva collection did not differ significantly from those in the control setting. Serum and salivary [insulin] were not significantly correlated.Main limitationsSmall sample size comprising native UK ponies; potential sampling bias as animals were recruited to the study partly based on their behaviour during blood sampling; saliva collected from unfasted animals.ConclusionsInsulin is measurable in equine saliva using an automated assay currently available in the UK, but further validation and the determination of specific diagnostic thresholds are required. Saliva collection was not associated with changes in stress indicators. Further research is therefore needed to determine the potential of equine saliva as a non‐invasive alternative to blood for insulin determination.
Interactions between Helicobacter pylori infection and host metabolic homeostasis: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ye Junzhao , Feng Ting , Su Lei , Li Jin , Gong Yingying , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe microbiota actively and extensively participates in the regulation of human metabolism, playing a crucial role in the development of metabolic diseases. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), when colonizing gastric epithelial cells, not only induces local tissue inflammation or malignant transformation but also leads to systemic and partial changes in host metabolism. These shifts can be mediated through direct contact, toxic components, or indirect immune responses. Consequently, they influence various molecular metabolic events that impact nutritional status and iron absorption in the host. Unraveling the intricate and diverse molecular interaction links between H. pylori and human metabolism modulation is essential for understanding pathogenesis mechanisms and developing targeted treatments for related diseases. However, significant challenges persist in comprehensively understanding the complex association networks among H. pylori itself, the infected host's status, the host microbiome, and the immune response. Previous metabolomics research has indicated that H. pylori infection and eradication may selectively shape the metabolite and microbial profiles of gastric lesions. Yet, it remains largely unknown how these diverse metabolic pathways, including isovaleric acid, cholesterol, fatty acids, and phospholipids, specifically modulate gastric carcinogenesis or affect the host's serum metabolism, consequently leading to the development of metabolic‐associated diseases. The direct contribution of H. pylori to metabolisms still lacks conclusive evidence. In this review, we summarize recent advances in clinical evidence highlighting associations between chronic H. pylori infection and metabolic diseases, as well as its potential molecular regulatory patterns.
The concept of generational contract: A systematic literature review
Authors: Zechner Minna , Sihto Tiina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMajor societal changes, such as the ongoing climate crisis, and the population ageing, affect the relations between generations within societies. The concept of generational contract is widely used to study these relations. However, the concept is rarely clearly defined, and the contents and terms of the contract, as well as the parties involved remain unclear. This article provides a systematic literature review on the definitions of the concept of generational contract. The literature searches were performed in June 2022 and yielded a total of 502 hits. After applying the exclusion criteria 76 peer‐reviewed research articles were included in the data. The inductive thematic analysis of the articles resulted in nine main components that define the generational contract. These nine components relate to types of contracts, parties involved, distributional issues, maintenance, value‐base and risks. Studies did not problematise the apolitical, gendered and heteronormative nature of generational contracts.
Influence of genetics on the occurrence of enamel hypomineralization affecting permanent and primary teeth: A scoping review
Authors: Teixeira Thamires Pereira de Souza , Pereira Patricia Soares Araújo , Carvalho Felipe de Assis Ribeiro , Soviero Vera Mendes 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMolar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is prevalent worldwide and is a challenge for clinicians who provide oral care to children. Molar incisor hypomineralization has been considered a multifactorial disturbance that results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors.AimThis scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute protocol and aimed to identify the available evidence of the genetic influence on the etiology of MIH.DesignThe search strategy was conducted in multiple databases, including PubMed, BVS, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Two trained reviewers, requiring a third reviewer in case of disagreements, collected evidence.ResultsOf 563 retrieved studies, 17 were included in the review. From 14 studies performed in humans, 10 investigated DNA polymorphisms, one analyzed DNA methylation, one aimed model of inheritance, and two focused on the phenotype in twins or in the family. Three animal studies were based on the null expression of genes.ConclusionThis scoping review, based on the studies that used different methodologies, reinforces the hypothesis of a genetic contribution to the multifactorial etiology of MIH. The available data are limited in terms of size and origin of the samples. Hence, further genetic studies are still required.
Cell‐type‐specific gene expression and regulation in the cerebral cortex and kidney of atypical Setbp1S858R Schinzel Giedion Syndrome mice
Authors: Whitlock Jordan H. , Soelter Tabea M. , Howton Timothy C. , Wilk Elizabeth J. , Oza Vishal H. , Lasseigne Brittany N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSchinzel Giedion Syndrome (SGS) is an ultra‐rare autosomal dominant Mendelian disease presenting with abnormalities spanning multiple organ systems. The most notable phenotypes involve severe developmental delay, progressive brain atrophy, and drug‐resistant seizures. SGS is caused by spontaneous variants in SETBP1, which encodes for the epigenetic hub SETBP1 transcription factor (TF). SETBP1 variants causing classical SGS cluster at the degron, disrupting SETBP1 protein degradation and resulting in toxic accumulation, while those located outside cause milder atypical SGS. Due to the multisystem phenotype, we evaluated gene expression and regulatory programs altered in atypical SGS by snRNA‐seq of the cerebral cortex and kidney of Setbp1S858R heterozygous mice (corresponds to the human likely pathogenic SETBP1S867R variant) compared to matched wild‐type mice by constructing cell‐type‐specific regulatory networks. Setbp1 was differentially expressed in excitatory neurons, but known SETBP1 targets were differentially expressed and regulated in many cell types. Our findings suggest molecular drivers underlying neurodevelopmental phenotypes in classical SGS also drive atypical SGS, persist after birth, and are present in the kidney. Our results indicate SETBP1's role as an epigenetic hub leads to cell‐type‐specific differences in TF activity, gene targeting, and regulatory rewiring. This research provides a framework for investigating cell‐type‐specific variant impact on gene expression and regulation.