bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta oscillation is an indicator for two patterns of sensorimotor synchronization
Authors: Liu Yuelin , Zhao Chen , Sander‐Thömmes Tillman , Yang Taoxi , Bao Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious study indicates that there are two distinct behavioral patterns in the sensory‐motor synchronization task with short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; 2–3 s) or long SOA (beyond 4 s). However, the underlying neural indicators and mechanisms have not been elucidated. The present study applied magnetoencephalography (MEG) technology to examine the functional role of several oscillations (beta, gamma, and mu) in sensorimotor synchronization with different SOAs to identify a reliable neural indicator. During MEG recording, participants underwent a listening task without motor response, a sound‐motor synchronization task, and a motor‐only continuation task. These tasks were used to explore whether and how the activity of oscillations changes across different behavioral patterns with different tempos. Results showed that during both the listening and the synchronization task, the beta oscillation changes with the tempo. Moreover, the event‐related synchronization of beta oscillations was significantly correlated with motor timing during synchronization. In contrast, mu activity only changes with the tempo in the synchronization task, while the gamma activity remains unchanged. In summary, the current study indicates that beta oscillation could be an indicator of behavioral patterns between fast tempo and slow tempo in sensorimotor synchronization. Also, it is likely to be the potential mechanism of maintaining rhythmic continuous movements with short SOA, which is embedded within the 3 s time window.
Time represented in space: Bar better than ring while waiting
Authors: Zhao Chen , Wong Yee Lok , Xu Yi , Wang Sijia , Bao Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe use of visual representations of time is common in both research and daily life, with progress icons, such as bars and rings, being popular examples. Despite some studies investigating the advantage of different shapes, there has been no consistent result from questionnaires. This study aims to investigate this topic by using an objective temporal reproduction task to compare the potential difference between short and long waiting times, as evidence indicates that the temporal machinery could be different within and beyond 2–3 s. The study also explores the role of the percentage of progress icons. Two groups of participants first experienced a short (3 s) or long (15 s) duration with a dynamic progress icon, which varied by shape (bar vs. ring) and progress percentage (20% vs. 80%). Then they reproduced the duration with a button, seeing a neutral grey square on the screen. The results revealed that the reproduced durations of bars were significantly shorter than those of rings, but only for the long duration condition (15 s). Additionally, a larger progress percentage led to longer reproductions for both 3 s and 15 s. These findings suggest that the spatial configuration is significant when the waiting time is relatively long, supporting the hierarchical model of temporal perception. Overall, this study contributes to both industrial design and our understanding of the cognitive mechanism of temporal perception.
Countering online terrorist content: A social regulation approach
Authors: Watkin Amy‐Louise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAfter a period of self‐regulation, countries around the world began to implement regulations for the removal of terrorist content from tech platforms. However, much of this regulation has been criticised for a variety of reasons, most prominently for concerns of infringing free speech and creating unfair burdens for smaller platforms. In addition to this, regulation is heavily centred around content moderation, however, fails to consider or address the psychosocial risks it poses to human content moderators. This paper argues that where regulation has been heavily criticised yet continues to inspire similar regulation a new regulatory approach is required. The aim of this paper is to undertake an introductory examination of the use of a social regulation approach in three other industries (environmental protection, consumer protection and occupational health and safety) to learn and investigate new regulatory avenues that could be applied to the development of new regulation that seeks to counter terrorist content on tech platforms and is concerned with the safety of content moderators.
Molecular brushes based on poly(amino acid)s: synthesis, structures, and applications
Authors: Feng Yilin , Wei Cong , Zhao Tianyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolymer science is witnessing rapid advancements in the precision construction of synthetic macromolecules. Beyond the impressive advances in molecular brush, the integration of poly(amino acid)s into bottlebrush architectures leads to a novel class of materials known as molecular brushes based on poly(amino acid)s (MBPAs). These materials not only possess biorelated functions but also enable the incorporation of the diverse secondary structures found in poly(amino acid)s into the bulk polymers. Here we present a comprehensive and critical summary of three synthetic strategies and three different constructions for MBPAs. Furthermore, we highlight their potential in the development of advanced materials for a broad range of applications, encompassing antimicrobial activity, pharmaceutical delivery, and bioimaging.
Chitosan‐ and gallic acid‐based (NPF) displayed antibacterial activity against three Pseudomonas spp. plant pathogens and boosted systemic acquired resistance in kiwifruit and olive plants
Authors: Francesconi Sara , Tagliavento Vincenzo , Ciarroni Serena , Sestili Francesco , Balestra Giorgio M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUDPseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), P. syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psav) are bacterial plant pathogens with worldwide impact that are mainly managed by the preventive application of cupric salts. These are dangerous for ecosystems and have favoured the selection of resistant strains, so they are candidates to be replaced in the next few years. Thus, there is an urgent need to find efficient and bio‐based solutions to mitigate these bacterial plant diseases. Nanotechnology could represent an innovative way to control plant diseases, providing alternative solutions to the agrochemicals traditionally employed, thanks to the formulation of the so‐called third‐generation and nanotechnology‐based agrochemicals.RESULTSIn this work, a novel nanostructured formulation (NPF) composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as carrier, high amylose starch (HAS) as excipient, and chitosan (CH) and gallic acid (GA) as antimicrobials, was tested at 2% in vitro and in vivo with respect to the three different Pseudomonas plant pathogens. In vitro agar assays demonstrated that the NPF inhibited ≤80% Psa, Pst and Psav. Moreover, the NPF did not decrease biofilm synthesis and it did not influence bacterial cells flocculation and adhesion. On plants, the NPF displayed complete biocompatibility and boosted the transcript levels of the major systemic acquired resistance responsive genes in kiwifruit and olive plants.CONCLUSIONThis works provides novel and valuable information regarding the several modes‐of‐action of the novel NPF, which could potentially be useful to mitigate Psa, Pst and Psav infections even in organic agriculture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoradiosensitizers for Enhanced Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Xiao Wenjing , Zhao Lin , Sun Yang , Yang Xiao , Fu Qinrui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) has been a classical therapeutic method of cancer for several decades. It attracts tremendous attention for the precise and efficient treatment of local tumors with stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials, which enhance RT. However, there are few systematic reviews summarizing the newly emerging stimuli‐responsive mechanisms and strategies used for tumor radio‐sensitization. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recently reported studies on stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials for radio‐sensitization. It includes four different approaches for sensitized RT, namely endogenous response, exogenous response, dual stimuli‐response, and multi stimuli‐response. Endogenous response involves various stimuli such as pH, hypoxia, GSH, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enzymes. On the other hand, exogenous response encompasses X‐ray, light, and ultrasound. Dual stimuli‐response combines pH/enzyme, pH/ultrasound, and ROS/light. Lastly, multi stimuli‐response involves the combination of pH/ROS/GSH and X‐ray/ROS/GSH. By elaborating on these responsive mechanisms and applying them to clinical RT diagnosis and treatment, these methods can enhance radiosensitive efficiency and minimize damage to surrounding normal tissues. Finally, this review discusses the additional challenges and perspectives related to stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials for tumor radio‐sensitization.
Nasopharyngeal masses in adults—A retrospective analysis of 255 patients to evaluate symptoms, clinical findings, and histological results
Authors: von Witzleben Melanie M. , von Witzleben Adrian , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Hahn Janina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal tissue hyperplasia is generally associated with adenoids in childhood. In adults, nasopharyngeal masses are occasionally found, but data on symptoms, clinical findings, and histologic results are limited.Material and MethodsA 10‐year retrospective study was conducted, analyzing data from adult patients who underwent nasopharyngeal biopsies. The study included information on case history, preoperative suspected diagnosis, and histology type. Statistical analysis was performed.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐five patients were included, most of them complaining of nasal obstruction, ear pressure, and hearing loss. Biopsy revealed adenoid tissue (64.7%), solid malignancies (15.7%; dominant undifferentiated carcinoma), lymphomas (9.0%), cysts (7.8%), and other benign tumors (2.7%). Malignant neoplasms were predominantly found in male and in elderly patients (P < 0.0001). If a malignant tumor was suspected initially, histological examination confirmed this in 75% of the cases. 45% of patients with a malignant nasopharyngeal mass had a unilateral seromucous tympanum.ConclusionsPersistent nasopharyngeal masses in adults—particularly in elderly men, smokers and those with simultaneous unilateral seromucous tympanum—should undergo a histological examination.
Marine Reptiles of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Yaghmour Fadi , Els Johannes , Rodríguez-Zarate Clara Jimena , Whittington-Jones Brendan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWithin the waters of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), there are nine sea snake species and five species of sea turtles, two of which (Hawksbill and Green Sea Turtles) are breeding and forage residents and the remainder migrate to feed through UAE waters. Not only are the waters of the UAE recognized as important habitats for Hawksbill and Green Sea Turtles, but sea turtles are ambassador species for ocean conservation and recognized as a priority species by policy makers and conservationists alike. As a result, despite their numerous challenges, Hawksbill and Green turtle populations in the country are relatively stable. On the other hand, Loggerhead and Olive Ridley Sea Turtles, along with sea snakes enjoy far less interest and attention and so their threats, ecology and population status remain ambiguous. The known challenges facing marine reptiles in the UAE include, but are not limited to, habitat destruction through coastal development, marine pollution, bycatch and climate change.
Fishes of the Emirates
Authors: Mitchell Matthew D. , Els Johannes , Seraphim Marie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFishes are among the most diverse and abundant groups of animals in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and support fisheries that are second most important economic resource in the UAE, after oil. Most fishes are found in the coastal waters, and several species even live in the freshwater pools and streams up in the mountain wadis. Fishes are most abundant in the Gulf of Oman and gradually decline in both abundance and diversity passing through the Strait of Hormuz and towards the southwestern region of the Arabian Gulf, mirroring the increasingly extreme environmental conditions. As fish in the southern Gulf experience extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, that would kill fish from populations elsewhere in the world they are of great scientific value for understanding how fish and their communities might respond to climate change, with studies demonstrating the behavioural and physiological changes that result from these extreme conditions. Fishes in the Emirates are, however, heavily overfished and like fishes elsewhere vulnerable to climate change resulting in Arabian Gulf fish now being vulnerable to local extinction. While fisheries are now being managed to protect vulnerable species, further management is required to protect fish populations for future generations.
Climate of the United Arab Emirates: Present, Past and Impacts on Life
Authors: Paparella Francesco , Burt John A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) straddles 22–26 °N, positioning it in a latitudinal band well known across the globe for its desert biomes. The UAE is characterized by arid to hyper-arid conditions, but with marked variation in precipitation seasonally (highest in winter/spring) and across locations (highest near the Hajar mountains), representing a dramatic shift from the more humid conditions that characterized this region just six millennia ago. The low cloud cover, limited vegetation and poorly developed soil also result in extreme and highly variable temperatures across the year, particularly in areas distant from the coasts. Winds are typically dominated by daily land/sea breezes, but occasional brief ‘shamal’ wind events (particularly in late winter) or cyclones (in early summer) can have important implications for temperature, rainfall and biotic responses. Average temperatures have increased by 1 °C between the 1980s and the 2010s, and rainfall has declined by more than half; in addition, wet bulb temperatures associated with human health are increasing, and may exceed life-threatening levels by the end of the century. Today’s climate represents extremely marginal conditions for life, and the current trends suggest that the already vulnerable ecosystems and organisms of the UAE are coming under increasing climate-related pressure.
Seagrasses of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Mansoori Noura , Das Himansu Sekhar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Arabian Gulf’s coastal and marine ecosystems are being negatively impacted by various factors such as population growth, coastal development, industrial and desalination plant discharge, and offshore oil and gas activities. However, seagrass meadows continue to show resilience and provide ecosystem values and services. This paper provides an overview of the seagrass meadows in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in terms of their extent, species composition, threats, and conservation initiatives. The UAE’s coastline supports three seagrass species that are home to numerous marine species such as dugongs, green sea turtles, fish, and benthic invertebrates. With an area of around 2950 km2, subtidal seagrasses grow to a depth of 16 m and are one of the largest marine ecosystems in the Emirates. Seagrass beds also contribute significantly to blue carbon, with Abu Dhabi seagrasses estimated to have over 52 tonnes per hectare. The primary threats to seagrass meadows include dredging, landfill, and associated sedimentation, as well as environmental extremes such as high summer sea temperatures. However, conservation initiatives such as marine protected areas (MPAs) and federal laws have been implemented to protect these crucial coastal ecosystems.
Eternal traversable wormholes in three dimensions
Authors: Harvey William , Jensen Kristan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider three-dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant coupled to a large number of light matter fields dual to relevant operators. By imposing suitable boundary conditions on the matter fields we find eternal traversable wormhole deformations of the BTZ black hole, leading to a three-dimensional analogue of the AdS2 eternal traversable wormhole found by Maldacena and Qi. We further identify the field theory of boundary gravitons in this setting, which we then use to compute the spectrum of gravitational fluctuations.
Classical wave methods and modern gauge transforms: spectral asymptotics in the one dimensional case
Authors: Galkowski Jeffrey , Parnovski Leonid , Shterenberg Roman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we consider the asymptotic behaviour of the spectral function of Schrödinger operators on the real line. Let$H: L^{2}(\mathbb{R})\to L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$have the form$$ H:=-\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+Q, $$whereQis a formally self-adjoint first order differential operator with smooth coefficients, bounded with all derivatives. We show that the kernel of the spectral projector,${1}_{(-\infty ,\rho ^{2}]}(H)$, has a complete asymptotic expansion in powers ofρ. This settles the 1-dimensional case of a conjecture made by the last two authors.
Orthobiologics as an adjunct in treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: cell‐based therapies facilitate improved postoperative outcomes in the setting of acetabular chondral lesions—a systematic review
Authors: George Tracy , Curley Andrew J. , Saeed Sheema K. , Kuhns Benjamin D. , Parsa Ali , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate studies utilizing orthobiologics in the management of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) to (1) assess the indications for usage, and (2) analyze patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM) following treatment. It was hypothesized that orthobiologics would (1) be utilized for symptomatic FAIS in the setting of labral or chondral pathology, and (2) improve PROM at most recent follow‐up.MethodsThe Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical studies evaluating orthobiologics [hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), or cell‐based therapy (CBT) for treatment of FAIS. Exclusion criteria included orthobiologics used in conjunction with cartilage transfer or scaffolding procedures and a primary indication other than FAIS. Data collection included patient demographics, indications, and baseline and most recent PROM.ResultsEleven studies (one level I, four level II, four level III, and two level IV evidence) met inclusion criteria, consisting of 440 patients with mean ages ranging from 32.8 to 47 years. All 11 studies demonstrated an improvement in PROM from baseline to most‐recent follow‐up. Four studies administered PRP either intraoperatively or the day after surgery as an adjunct to labral repair. CBT was used intraoperatively in the setting of acetabular chondral lesions (three studies) and labral repair (one study). When comparing to a control group at most recent follow‐up, three PRP cohorts demonstrated similar PROM (n.s.), while one PRP group exhibited worse visual analog pain scores (2.5 vs. 3.4, p = 0.005) and modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHS) (82.6 vs. 78.7, p = 0.049). The four CBT studies reported favorable results compared to a control group, with a significantly higher mHHS at most recent follow‐up or mean improvement from baseline in Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (p < 0.05). Three studies reported on HA, which was utilized exclusively in the nonoperative setting.ConclusionsIntraoperative PRP and CBT have been commonly reported in the setting of hip arthroscopy for labral repairs and acetabular chondral lesions, respectively. The CBT cohorts demonstrated more favorable PROM at most recent follow‐up when compared to a control group, though these results should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity of orthobiologic preparations.Level of evidenceIV.
GNSS visibility and performance implications for the GENESIS mission
Authors: Montenbruck Oliver , Steigenberger Peter , Thoelert Steffen , Arnold Daniel , Bury Grzegorz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe GENESIS mission prepared for launch in 2027 integrates the four space-geodetic techniques on a single spaceborne platform in medium Earth orbit. With its unique observations and alternative tie concepts, the mission aims to contribute to an improved accuracy and homogeneity of future terrestrial reference system realizations. To assess the expected contribution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tracking, a comprehensive GNSS coverage analysis is performed based on detailed link-budget simulations, taking into account the best available gain patterns and signal-specific transmit power estimates derived for this work from measurements of a high-gain dish antenna. The benefit of different receiver antenna concepts for the GENESIS spacecraft is assessed, and it is demonstrated that a single-antenna system with either a nadir-looking or side-looking boresight is a viable alternative to the dual-antenna configuration considered in initial mission studies. Compared to terrestrial users and missions in low Earth orbit, GENESIS will collect GNSS signals transmitted at up to two times larger off-boresight angles. Only limited information on the actual transmit antenna phase patterns is presently available in this region, which hampers a quantitative assessment of the expected measurement and orbit determination accuracy. As such, a comprehensive release of manufacturer calibrations is encouraged for all blocks of GPS and Galileo satellites. In parallel, a need for in-flight characterization and calibration of the GNSS transmit antennas for off-boresight angles of up to $$30^\circ $$

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using observations of the GENESIS mission itself is expected. The impact of such calibrations on the overall quality of terrestrial reference frame parameters will need to be assessed in comprehensive simulations of global GNSS network solutions with joint processing of terrestrial and GENESIS GNSS observations.
Matchgate Shadows for Fermionic Quantum Simulation
Authors: Wan Kianna , Huggins William J. , Lee Joonho , Babbush Ryan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract“Classical shadows” are estimators of an unknown quantum state, constructed from suitably distributed random measurements on copies of that state (Huang et al. in Nat Phys 16:1050, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0932-7). In this paper, we analyze classical shadows obtained using random matchgate circuits, which correspond to fermionic Gaussian unitaries. We prove that the first three moments of the Haar distribution over the continuous group of matchgate circuits are equal to those of the discrete uniform distribution over only the matchgate circuits that are also Clifford unitaries; thus, the latter forms a “matchgate 3-design.” This implies that the classical shadows resulting from the two ensembles are functionally equivalent. We show how one can use these matchgate shadows to efficiently estimate inner products between an arbitrary quantum state and fermionic Gaussian states, as well as the expectation values of local fermionic operators and various other quantities, thus surpassing the capabilities of prior work. As a concrete application, this enables us to apply wavefunction constraints that control the fermion sign problem in the quantum-classical auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo algorithm (QC-AFQMC) (Huggins et al. in Nature 603:416, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04351-z), without the exponential post-processing cost incurred by the original approach.