bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global versus factor‐related impression of severity in Parkinson's disease: A new clinimetric index (CISI‐PD)
Authors: Martínez‐Martín Pablo , Forjaz M. João , Cubo Esther , Frades Belén , de Pedro Cuesta Jesús ,   the ELEP Project Members
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease (PD), the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGIS) is often used as an additional outcome in clinical trials. It is hypothesized that this measure summarizes clinical assessment and is mainly influenced by the rating of four domains, namely, motor signs, disability, motor complications, and cognitive impairment. Ratings of these four factors were combined to form a new Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson's Disease (CISI‐PD). A sample of 150 PD patients was evaluated using the following scales: Hoehn and Yahr staging, Schwab and England scale, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease–Motor Scale, CGIS, and CISI‐PD. The results show that the CGIS is closely related to the above‐mentioned measures (r = 0.49–0.89). CISI‐PD correlation with these scales was very similar (r = 0.55–0.91), to the extent that the difference between corresponding coefficients was systematically less than 0.10. A multiple regression model showed that 92% of the CIGS variance was explained by the four CISI‐PD items. Finally, the CISI‐PD displayed adequate psychometric properties, with satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.90) and convergent (r > 0.75) and known‐groups validity. The CISI‐PD is a valid and reliable measure that expands the information obtained via the CGIS. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term follow‐up and adult outcome of 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency
Authors: Roze Emmanuel , Vidailhet Marie , Blau Nenad , Moller Lisbeth Birk , Doummar Diane , de Villemeur Thierry Billette , Roubergue Anne 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLittle information is available on the long‐term course and adult outcome of patients with 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficiency. We describe the course of a 32‐year‐old woman with hypotonia, dystonia, choreoathetosis, mental retardation, behavioral disturbances, and incomplete puberty due to PTPS deficiency. From the age of 6 months she developed progressive hypotonia and choreoathtetoid movements despite good control of hyperphenylalaninemia. Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency was diagnosed at age 3 years. She had a dramatic response to L‐dopa, which persisted at a stable dose for 29 years. Reducing the L‐dopa dose led to severe axial hypotonia and limb dystonia, and increasing it led to florid abnormal movements and behavioral disorders. This report illustrates the role of dopamine modulation in motor, psychiatric, and endocrine functions. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Visual rating of white matter hyperintensities in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Beyer Mona K. , Aarsland Dag , Greve Ole Jacob , Larsen Jan P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDementia is a common complication of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the cause is incompletely understood. In previous studies, dementia has been associated with an increase in hyperintense lesions in the cerebral white matter. The aim of this study was to explore whether white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with dementia in PD. For this study, 35 patients with PD, 16 with dementia (PDD) and 19 without (PDND), and 20 control subjects were recruited. MRI scans of patients and controls were rated for WMH, blind to diagnosis, using the Scheltens visual rating scale. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out. Cerebrovascular risk factors, education, gender, or age were similar across groups. Compared with the PDND group, the PDD group had significantly higher level of WMH in the deep white matter and in the periventricular areas. WMH in the deep white matter was the only variable that was associated significantly with Mini‐Mental State Examination score and explained 38% of the variance in the multivariate linear regression analysis. Our findings suggest that WMH in the deep white matter may contribute to dementia in PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Predictors of driving assessment outcome in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Worringham Charles J. , Wood Joanne M. , Kerr Graham K. , Silburn Peter A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study evaluated selected clinical and functional tests as predictors of driving safety outcomes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. A total of 25 PD patients and 21 age‐matched controls, all regular drivers, underwent neurological evaluation and assessment of cognitive, visual, and motor function and a standardized, on‐road driving assessment. The capacity of the tests to predict pass/fail driving outcomes was determined by selecting a subset with the highest predictive value from each domain and then subjecting these subsets to discriminant function analysis. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined. Three relatively simple tests from the larger battery predicted passes with relatively high sensitivity (PD, 72.7%; controls, 93.8%; both combined, 85.2%); and moderate specificity (PD, 64.3%; controls, 60.0%; both combined. 63.2%). These tests assessed motor performance (Purdue Pegboard test), contrast sensitivity (Pelli–Robson test), and cognitive function (verbal version of Symbol Digit Modalities test). Adding time since diagnosis for the PD group increased sensitivity to 90.9% and specificity to 71.4%. These simple tests confer more objectivity and predictive power to clinical recommendations for driving, they reflect distinct functions that are necessary for safe driving, and they may be especially useful when on‐road assessments are not feasible. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Screening for developmental and behavioral problems
Authors: Glascoe Frances Page 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEarly detection of developmental and behavioral/mental health problems is greatly facilitated when quality instruments are deployed. This article describes how to identify accurate measures and presents standards for screening tests. Included is a table delineating accurate tools for primary care: typically those relying on information from parents (e.g., PEDS, ASQ, PSC, etc.) as well as measures useful in settings where providers have more time and skill at eliciting behaviors from children (e.g., Brigance screens). Screening measures should be used in the context of developmental surveillance; the longitudinal process of incorporating professional observations into decision‐making about children's developmental needs. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:173–179.
The neuromotor examination of the preschool child and its prognostic significance
Authors: Hadders‐Algra Mijna 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe present paper reviews the methods available for neurological or neuromotor evaluation at preschool age. General textbooks on pediatric neurology describe the neurological examination at preschool age in terms of the assessment of the evaluation of cranial nerves, muscle tone, muscle power, reflexes, and the presence of abnormal movements. They stress the fact that assessment at preschool age is difficult because of the time needed to achieve the child's cooperation. Noncooperation at the preschool neurological exam is associated with an increased risk for learning and behavioral problems at school age. At present three age‐specific and standardized test for neurological or neuromotor evaluation at preschool age are available. The method of Amiel‐Tison and Gosselin, of which information can be accessed easily, has the drawback that it focuses on muscle tone and reflexes. It pays little attention to the quality of spontaneous motor behavior. The other two methods, i.e., the neuromotor behavioral inventory (NBI) and the Hempel assessment, are probably more promising in terms of assessment of minor neurological dysfunction as these methods pay ample attention to the child's quality of motor behavior. All methods have in common that information in terms of concurrent validity is scarce, with no information on predictive validity. This means that further research on applicability and validity of preschool neuromotor assessment is urgently needed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:180–188.
Measurement of attention and related functions in the preschool child
Authors: Mahone E. Mark 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe goal of this review of the clinical and research literature is to identify, describe, and critique published methods for assessment of attention and related functions in preschool children (ages 6 and younger). The need for valid assessment of preschool children has grown dramatically in the past two decades following the implementation of special education services for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers under Public Law 99–457. At the same time, the number of preschool children presenting to clinicians for assessment of attention problems has grown at a steady rate. In contrast to assessment methods for school‐age children, the availability of reliable and valid measures of attention for preschool children is much more limited. The majority of instruments developed to measure attention in preschoolers are described in the experimental literature, with fewer available commercially. Attention tests that can be appropriately used with children aged 3 and younger are scarce. Most preschool tests of attention report validity data involving sensitivity in contrasting clinical groups to controls, while the literature describing the utility of these measures in differentiating between clinical groups is much more limited. The review provides information on performance based tests (e.g., continuous performance, cancellation, auditory/visual span), as well as parent and teacher rating scales. The review concludes that valid assessment of attention and related skills can be effectively achieved in preschool children, with appropriate cautions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:216–225.
Screening for autism in young children: The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) and other measures
Authors: Dumont‐Mathieu Thyde , Fein Deborah 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe literature on the importance of early identification and early intervention for children with developmental disabilities such as autism continues to grow. The increased prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders has fostered research efforts on the development and validation of autism‐specific screening instruments for use with young children. There are currently several such autism‐specific screening tools meant to be used with young children in various stages of development. Data from a few of these screening instruments have been published, and they include the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT), Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test (PDDST), Screening Tool for Autism in Two year olds (STAT), Checklist for Autism in Toddlers‐23 (CHAT‐23), and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT). In this review, these five tools designed for use with children under three years old will be highlighted. In particular, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) will be discussed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:253–262.
Measuring functional skills in preschool children at risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities
Authors: Msall Michael E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractApproximately 400,000 preschool children have a major neurodevelopmental disorder impacting on mobility, cognitive‐adaptive, or communicative skills. As many as 1 in 3 children live at psychosocial disadvantage because of poverty, parental mental illness or substance misuse, or low parental educational (i.e. less than high school). In the past decade over 500,000 preschool children have survived being born with very low birth weight (1001–1500 g) or extremely low birth weight status (≤1000 g). Given the scope of these risks and the importance of optimizing outcomes for vulnerable children, this review will highlight advances in functional assessment using adaptive and multiattribute health‐related quality of life measures. A framework based on the International Classification of Functioning, (ICF) World Health Organization and the Dynamic Kaleidoscope Model of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) will be described and illustrated with examples of children receiving new biomedical technologies. Assessment scales were chosen for review if they measured adaptive skills or multiattribute health status and had been used in child disability populations. Instruments reviewed include the Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire (ITQOL), The Netherlands Office of Prevention Assessment of Preschool Quality of Life (TAPQOL), the Health Status Classification System‐PreSchool (HSCS‐PS), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), the Warner Inventory of Developmental and Emerging Adaptive and Functional Skills (Warner IDEA‐FS™), the Scales of Independent Behavior Revised (SIB‐R) Early Development Form, the Pediatric Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM™), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4 (PedsQL™ 4.0). By measuring functional and adaptive skills and health‐related quality of life, we can help devise intervention strategies that optimize developmental independence, family supports, and community participation among children who are at risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities or who have evolving established neurodevelopmental disabilities. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:263–273.
Assessment of executive function in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Isquith Peter K. , Crawford Jennifer S. , Espy Kimberly Andrews , Gioia Gerard A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAssessment of the overarching self‐regulatory mechanisms, or executive functions, in any age group is challenging, in part due to the complexity of this domain, in part due to their dynamic essence, and in part due to the inextricable links between these central processes and the associated domain‐specific processes, such as language, motor function, and attention, over which they preside. While much progress has been made in clinical assessment approaches for measuring executive functions in adults and to some extent in adolescents and school‐aged children, the toolkit for the preschool evaluator remains sparse. The past decade, however, has seen a substantial increase in attention to executive functions in very young children from a developmental neuropsychological perspective. With this has come a necessity for better, more specific, and more internally valid performance measures, many of which are now described in the experimental literature. Few such tasks, however, have adequately demonstrated psychometric properties for clinical application. We present two performance tasks designed to tap selective aspects of executive function in preschoolers that are emerging from the experimental laboratory and hold promise of appropriate reliability and validity for the clinical laboratory. Performance tests alone, however, are insufficient to develop a comprehensive picture of a child's executive functioning. Thus, we present a rating scale of preschoolers' executive function in the everyday context, and advocate a model of executive function assessment that incorporates both controlled performance tasks that target specific aspects of executive function and parent/teacher ratings that target more global aspects of self‐regulation in the everyday context. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:209–215.
A novel tridentate nitrogen donor as ligand in copper catalyzed ATRP of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Mittal Anuj , Sivaram Swaminathan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA tridentate ligand, BPIEP: 2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine, having central pyridine unit and two peripheral imine coordination sites was effectively employed in controlled/“living” radical polymerization of MMA at 90°C in toluene as solvent, CuIBr as catalyst, and ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator resulting in well‐defined polymers with polydispersities Mw/Mn ≤ 1.23. The rate of polymerization follows first‐order kinetics, kapp = 3.4 × 10−5 s−1, indicating the presence of low radical concentration ([P*] ≤ 10−8) throughout the reaction. The polymerization rate attains a maximum at a ligand‐to‐metal ratio of 2:1 in toluene at 90°C. The solvent concentration (v/v, with respect to monomer) has a significant effect on the polymerization kinetics. The polymerization is faster in polar solvents like, diphenylether, and anisole, as compared to toluene. Increasing the monomer concentration in toluene resulted in a better control of polymerization. The molecular weights (Mn,SEC) increased linearly with conversion and were found to be higher than predicted molecular (Mn,Cal). However, the polydispersity remained narrow, i.e., ≤1.23. The initiator efficiency at lower monomer concentration approaches a value of 0.7 in 110 min as compared to 0.5 in 330 min at higher monomer concentration. The aging of the copper salt complexed with BPIEP had a beneficial effect and resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersitities and higher conversion. PMMA obtained at room temperature in toluene (33%, v/v) gave PDI of 1.22 (Mn = 8500) in 48 h whereas, at 50°C the PDI is 1.18 (Mn = 10,300), which is achieved in 23 h. The plot of lnkapp versus 1/T gave an apparent activation energy of polymerization as (ΔE≠app) 58.29 KJ/mol and enthalpy of equilibrium (ΔH0eq) to 28.8 KJ/mol. Reverse ATRP of MMA was successfully performed using AIBN in bulk as well as solution. The controlled nature of the polymerization reaction was established through kinetic studies and chain extension experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4996–5008, 2005
Metallosupramolecular approach toward functional coordination polymers
Authors: Dobrawa Rainer , Würthner Frank 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn appropriate definition of metallosupramolecular coordination polymer is offered, and the relationship between the polymer length, binding constant, and concentration is clarified. The possibility of influencing the binding constant with chelating ligands is discussed on the basis of examples of different Zn2+ complexes and their respective binding constants. In the main part, coordination polymers constructed by a supramolecular approach from different metal ions and pyridine–ligand systems are highlighted, and their applications as functional materials for artificial membrane and enzyme models, responsive gels, light‐harvesting systems, and organic light‐emitting diodes are discussed on the basis of individual examples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4981–4995, 2005
Dielectric relaxation study in electron‐irradiated ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (80/20 mol%) copolymer
Authors: Guo S. S. , Lu S. G. , Xu Z. K. , Zhao X.‐Z. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) behavior in high‐energy electron‐irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] 80/20 mol % copolymer system is characterized over a broad frequency and temperature range. The dielectric properties remarkably vary with the irradiated dose in terms of the change from normal ferroelectric (FE) to RFE phase. During the RFE–paraelectric (PE) transition, the dielectric constants, as a function of temperature, can be described by the Vogel–Fulcher (V–F) relation. It has been found that the relationship between the real and imaginary part of dielectric constant in irradiated copolymer can be well fitted with modified Cole–Cole equation and Debye relaxation equation, exhibiting similar features as inorganic RFEs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2972–2980, 2005
Pilot study of radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the treatment of radio‐recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Shariat Shahrokh F. , Raptidis Grigorios , Masatoschi Muramoto , Bergamaschi Franco , Slawin Kevin M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo prospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety, morbidity, and preliminary efficacy of radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the focal treatment of patients with local prostate cancer recurrence.METHODSEleven patients with biopsy‐proven, hormone‐naïve, clinically localized prostate cancer were enrolled in a prospective phase I/II trial. Eight patients had failed prior radiation therapy and three were not candidates for curative primary therapy (median Gleason score 7 and 6, respectively). Median follow‐up was 20 months. All patients were treated with RITA in an office setting, under intravenous sedation and were discharged after the procedure. Radiofrequency energy was applied via needles placed transperineally under transrectal ultrasound guidance.RESULTSThe placement of 1/4 lesions was aborted in two patients due to increasing rectal temperature. Complications included transient macrohematuria (19%), bladder spasms (9%), and dysuria (9%). Serum PSA levels decreased after RITA >50% in 90% of patients, > 70% in 72% of patients, and > 80% in 46% of patients. The mean PSA doubling time after RITA was slower than that before RITA (37 ± 22 months vs. 14 ± 13 months, P = 0.008). At 12 months after RITA, 50% of patients with sufficient follow‐up had no residual cancer on repeat systematic 12‐core biopsy cores and 67% were cancer‐free in biopsy cores sampled from the RITA‐treated areas.CONCLUSIONSRITA treatment is a minimal invasive, rapid, user‐friendly, office‐based procedure that is well tolerated. Focal ablation with RITA results in effective local disease control in patients with non‐metastatic prostate cancer recurrence. Larger, prospective, multicenter clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings. Prostate. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possible role of adaptive mutation in resistance to antiandrogen in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Hara Takahito , Kouno Jin , Nakamura Kazuyo , Kusaka Masami , Yamaoka Masuo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome mutations of androgen receptor (AR) confer resistance to antiandrogen to prostate cancer (PC) cells. Previously we reported that LNCaP‐cxD2 cells established from androgen‐dependent LNCaP‐FGC PC cells as an antiandrogen bicalutamide‐resistant subline harbor W741C/L mutation in the AR gene. In this report, we examined one possible mechanism of the resistance.METHODSChange in the gene expression and the protein levels relevant to mutagenesis in LNCaP‐FGC cells during bicalutamide‐treatment was assessed. The AR sequence of bicalutamide‐resistant LNCaP‐cxD2 cells was compared with that of parental LNCaP‐FGC cells.RESULTSThe expression of DNA polymerases (Pol) switched from high‐fidelity subset to error‐prone subset, and DNA mismatch repair proteins (MMR) were down‐regulated. The rate of multiple mutations in the AR gene was higher in LNCaP‐cxD2 cells than LNCaP‐FGC cells.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest the hypermutational state might occur in LNCaP‐FGC cells during bicalutamide‐treatment, which might create the W741C/L mutant AR leading to bicalutamide‐resistance. Prostate. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.