bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and its terminology
Authors: Chmielewski Piotr Paweł 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince its inception, the International Anatomical Terminology has been an indispensable and widely embraced resource for authors, anatomists, researchers, and medical professionals, ensuring standardized anatomical terminology across various disciplines. Nonetheless, it is widely acknowledged that periodic updates and enhancements are necessary to incorporate the latest scientific knowledge and advancements in imaging techniques. The current version of Terminologia Anatomica includes a section dedicated to the paranasal sinuses, encompassing ethmoidal cells and three sinuses: frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary. However, the anatomical lexicon pertaining to the paranasal sinuses is more extensive. In clinical practice, multiple terms related to clinically significant structures are commonly employed. This article focuses on the clinical terminology associated with the paranasal sinuses, proposing significant extensions to the existing Terminologia Anatomica. These extensions aim to enrich the anatomical nomenclature and facilitate a harmonious convergence between the language of clinicians and the anatomical lexicon. Further endeavors should bridge the gap in anatomical nomenclature and improve communication between anatomists, researchers, and clinicians, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving interdisciplinary research collaboration.
Connecting gender norms and economic performance reveals gendered inequities in Malawian small-scale fish trade
Authors: Rice Emma D. , Bennett Abigail E. , Muhonda Park , Katengeza Samson P. , Kawaye Patrick , Liverpool-Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Infante Dana M. , Tschirely David L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWomen play key roles in fish value chains, especially post-harvest processing and marketing of fish products. However, gendered inequities in small-scale fishery value chains persist around the globe, limiting livelihood benefits for many women and their households. This study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate how gender norms shape gendered inequities in marketing margins for fish retailers in small-scale fishery value chains. In the empirical case of usipa (Engraulicypris sardella) trade in Malawi, we find that there is nearly equal participation in fish retail between females and males. Yet, there is a statistically significant difference in marketing margins between female and male usipa retailers, with female retailers earning less. We find that gender norms indirectly impact marketing margins by disproportionately constraining time for women, shaping household decision-making regarding women’s spending, limiting women’s access to resources including financial services and fish, and maintaining patriarchal power dynamics. Despite these results, we find that there remains a dominant discourse among men that gender does not impact marketing margins. In connecting specific gender norms, revealed through qualitative methods, to specific livelihood outcomes, measured through quantitative methods, this study provides new insight into gendered inequities in small-scale fish trade.
Bayesian Analysis of Two-Part Latent Variable Model with Mixed Data
Authors: Xiong Shuang-Can , Xia Ye-Mao , Lu Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn analyzing semi-continuous data, two-part model is a widely appreciated tool, in which two components are enclosed to characterize the mixing proportion of zeros and the actual level of positive values in semi-continuous data. The primary interest underlying such a model is primarily to exploit the dependence of the observed covariates on the semi-continuous variables; as such, the exploitation of unobserved heterogeneity is sometimes ignored. In this paper, we extend the conventional two-part regression model to much more general situations where multiple latent factors are considered to interpret the latent heterogeneity arising from the absence of covariates. A structural equation is constructed to describe the interrelationships between the latent factors. Moreover, a general statistical analysis procedure is developed to accommodate semi-continuous, ordered and unordered data simultaneously. A procedure for parameter estimation and model assessment is developed under a Bayesian framework. Empirical results including a simulation study and a real example are presented to illustrate the proposed methodology.
Resistance and the delivery of healthcare in Australian immigration detention centres
Authors: Essex Ryan , Dudley Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere are few issues that have been as vexing for the Australian healthcare community as the Australian governments policy of mandatory, indefinite, immigration detention. While many concepts have been used to begin to describe the many dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals and their resolution, they are limited, perhaps most fundamentally by the fact that immigration detention is antithetical to health and wellbeing. Furthermore, and while most advice recognises that the abolition of detention is the only option in overcoming these issues, it provides little guidance on how action within detention could contribute to this. Drawing on the work of political theorists and the broader sociological literature, we will introduce and apply a form of action that has not yet been considered for healthcare workers within detention, resistance. We will draw on several examples from the literature to show how everyday resistance could be enacted in healthcare and immigration detention settings. We argue that the concept of resistance has several conceptual and practical advantages over much existing guidance for healthcare workers in these environments, namely that it politicises care and has synergies with other efforts aimed at the abolition of detention. We also offer some reflections on the justifiability of such action, arguing that it is largely consistent with the existing guidance produced by all major healthcare bodies in Australia.
Body weight variation is not an independent factor in the determination of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Cacciatore C. , Cangiano B. , Carbone E. , Spagnoli S. , Cid Ramirez M. P. , Polli N. , Bonomi M. , Persani L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the foremost manifestations in anorexia nervosa (AN), but a subset of patients have menses despite marked weight loss and underweight. The aim of our study was to investigate parameters potentially influencing FHA in AN.

Design and methods
In this observational retrospective study, we selected 114 female patients with AN who completed a 12 months semi-residential rehabilitation program and a subsequent 12 months outpatient follow-up. We divided our sample into three groups: “Group 0” patients who experienced FHA and recovered their menses, “Group 1” persistent FHA, “Group 2” never experienced FHA, and looked for clinical and hormonal correlations.

Results
At the enrollment, the BMI was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p = 0.0202), but the last follow-up weight was higher in Group 1 (p < 0.0001) despite persistent amenorrhea. At logistic regression, the higher BMI at which patients experienced amenorrhea was the main prediction factor for persistent FHA. Notwithstanding comparable leptin levels at admission, they improved significantly at discharge only in Groups 0 and 2 (p = 0.0054 and p = 0.0104, respectively). FT3 at admission was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 0 (p = 0.0249).

Conclusions
FHA does not correlate strictly with body weight variations in AN patients, indicating a multifactorial origin, likely including an individual predisposition. Higher FT3 levels identify patients who continue having menses at extremely low BMI. AN patients with persistent FHA constitute a subgroup in whom estroprogestins should be considered after significant weight recovery to prevent prolonged tissue hypoestrogenism.
Assist-as-needed control with a soft robotic glove based on human-object contact estimation
Authors: Sun Chi , Wang Xianhe , Teng Long , Zhang Zhijun , Tang Chak Yin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAssist-as-needed control with a soft robotic hand glove for active rehabilitation is studied in this work. There are two resources of the grasping force, the robotic glove and the subject. Compared with traditional passive rehabilitation where the grasping force is merely provided by a robotic hand rehabilitation device (such as hand exoskeleton, robotic glove), assist-as-needed control accounts for the user contribute to performing grasping tasks collaboratively. In this control method, the human muscle strength for grasping is estimated through the myoelectrical signals of the human forearm collected by the MYO armband. A neural network is used for the recognition of human-object contact estimation. The assist-as-needed control is finally implemented to assist humans in grasping tasks. Experiment results on a soft robotic glove show the effectiveness of the proposed assistive control method.
Optimizing pharmacotherapy and deprescribing strategies in older adults living with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: EuGMS SIG on pharmacology position paper
Authors: van Poelgeest Eveline , Seppala Lotta , Bahat Gülistan , Ilhan Birkan , Mair Alpana , van Marum Rob , Onder Graziano , Ryg Jesper , Fernandes Marília Andreia , Cherubini Antonio , Denkinger Michael , Eidam Annette , Egberts Angelique , Gudmundsson Aðalsteinn , Koçak Fatma Özge Kayhan , Soulis George , Tournoy Jos , Masud Tahir , Wehling Martin , van der Velde Nathalie ,   the EuGMS SIG Pharmacology
Published: October 2023

AbstractInappropriate polypharmacy is highly prevalent among older adults and presents a significant healthcare concern. Conducting medication reviews and implementing deprescribing strategies in multimorbid older adults with polypharmacy are an inherently complex and challenging task. Recognizing this, the Special Interest Group on Pharmacology of the European Geriatric Medicine Society has compiled evidence on medication review and deprescribing in older adults and has formulated recommendations to enhance appropriate prescribing practices. The current evidence supports the need for a comprehensive and widespread transformation in education, guidelines, research, advocacy, and policy to improve the management of polypharmacy in older individuals. Furthermore, incorporating deprescribing as a routine aspect of care for the ageing population is crucial. We emphasize the importance of involving geriatricians and experts in geriatric pharmacology in driving, and actively participating in this transformative process. By doing so, we can work towards achieving optimal medication use and enhancing the well-being of older adults in the generations to come.
Idealist Panpsychism and Spacetime Structure
Authors: ALEKSIEV DAMIAN 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel argument against one theoretically attractive form of panpsychism. I argue that ‘idealist panpsychism’ is false because it cannot account for spacetime's structure. Idealist panpsychists posit that fundamental reality is purely experiential. Moreover, they posit that consciousness at the fundamental level metaphysically grounds and explains both the facts of physics and the facts of human consciousness. I argue that if idealist panpsychism is true, human consciousness and consciousness at the fundamental level will have the same metrical structure. However, as I demonstrate, human consciousness does not exhibit the same metrical structure as spacetime. Consequently, the idealist panpsychist faces an explanatory gap between the fundamental consciousness she posits and spacetime. Idealist panpsychism is incompatible with the existence of such an explanatory gap. Thus, idealist panpsychists must either close this explanatory gap (which I argue they lack the resources to do), or idealist panpsychism is false.
The speedup of Pine Island Ice Shelf between 2017 and 2020: revaluating the importance of ice damage
Authors: Sun Sainan , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
From 2017 to 2020, three significant calving events took place on Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica. Ice-shelf velocities changed over this period and the calving events have been suggested as possible drivers. However, satellite observations also show significant changes in the areal extent of fracture zones, especially in the marginal areas responsible for providing lateral support to the ice shelf. Here, we conduct a model study to identify and quantify drivers of recent ice-flow changes of the Pine Island Ice Shelf. In agreement with recent studies, we find that the calving events caused significant velocity changes over the ice shelf. However, calving alone cannot explain observed velocity changes. Changes in the structural rigidity, i.e. ice damage, further significantly impacted ice flow. We suggest that ice damage evolution of the ice-shelf margins may have influenced recent calving events, and these two processes are linked.
Racial Capitalism Decoupled: A Rejoinder and Reformulation
Authors: Wacquant Loïc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractI respond to the reactions of Gurminder Bhambra, John Holmwood, and Sanjay Subrahmanyam to my dissection of the concept of “racial capitalism.” I reiterate my critique of the latter on grounds of semantics, logics, and heuristics. I warn that racial capitalism erases historical variations, interludes, and contingencies to replace them with monolithic depiction and mechanical necessity. We cannot assume that racial division, colonial or metropolitan, is functional to capitalism across all lands and epochs. We need to recognize and theorize the varieties of regimes of racial domination, anchored by the ideal-typical distinction between “genuine race-divided societies” and “societies with race,” much as comparative political economists have taught us to dig into the varieties of capitalism. Combining these two dimensions serves us well to decouple capitalism and race analytically so that their historical conjunction may be studied empirically.
A NOTE ON NORMALISED GROUND STATES FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL CUBIC-QUINTIC NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
Authors: LI DEKE , WANG QINGXUAN 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider the two-dimensional minimisation problem for
$\inf \{ E_a(\varphi ):\varphi \in H^1(\mathbb {R}^2)\ \text {and}\ \|\varphi \|_2^2=1\}$
, where the energy functional
$ E_a(\varphi )$
is a cubic-quintic Schrödinger functional defined by
$E_a(\varphi ):=\tfrac 12\int _{\mathbb {R}^2}|\nabla \varphi |^2\,dx-\tfrac 14a\int _{\mathbb {R}^2}|\varphi |^4\,dx+\tfrac 16a^2\int _{\mathbb {R}^2}|\varphi |^6\,dx$
. We study the existence and asymptotic behaviour of the ground state. The ground state
$\varphi _{a}$
exists if and only if the
$L^2$
mass a satisfies
$a>a_*={\lVert Q\rVert }^2_2$
, where Q is the unique positive radial solution of
$-\Delta u+ u-u^3=0$
in
$\mathbb {R}^2$
. We show the optimal vanishing rate
$\int _{\mathbb {R}^2}|\nabla \varphi _{a}|^2\,dx\sim (a-a_*)$
as
$a\searrow a_*$
and obtain the limit profile.
SOME COUNTING QUESTIONS FOR MATRIX PRODUCTS
Authors: AFIFURRAHMAN MUHAMMAD 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven a set X of
$n\times n$
matrices and a positive integer m, we consider the problem of estimating the cardinalities of the product sets
$A_1 \cdots A_m$
, where
$A_i\in X$
. When
$X={\mathcal M}_n(\mathbb {Z};H)$
, the set of
$n\times n$
matrices with integer elements of size at most H, we give several bounds on the cardinalities of the product sets and solution sets of related equations such as
$A_1 \cdots A_m=C$
and
$A_1 \cdots A_m=B_1 \cdots B_m$
. We also consider the case where X is the subset of matrices in
${\mathcal M}_n(\mathbb {F})$
, where
$\mathbb {F}$
is a field with bounded rank
$k\leq n$
. In this case, we completely classify the related product set.
The Expertise Paradox: How Policy Expertise Can Hinder Responsiveness
Authors: Pereira Miguel M. , Öhberg Patrik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe argue that policy expertise constrains the ability of politicians to act on voter preferences. Representatives with more knowledge and experience in a given domain have more confidence in their own issue-specific positions. Enhanced confidence, in turn, may lead politicians to discount opinions they disagree with, producing a distorted image of the electorate. Two experiments with Swedish politicians support this argument. First, officials are more likely to dismiss appeals from voters in their areas of expertise and less likely to accept that opposing views may represent the majority opinion. Consistent with the proposed mechanism, in a second experiment we show that inducing perceptions of expertise increases self-confidence. The results suggest that representatives with more specialized knowledge in a given area may be less capable of acting as delegates in that domain. The study provides a novel explanation for variations in policy responsiveness.
Pectoral angle: a glance at a traditional phenotypic trait in chickens from a new perspective
Authors: Vakhrameev Anatoly B. , Narushin Valeriy G. , Larkina Tatyana A. , Barkova Olga Y. , Peglivanyan Grigoriy K. , Dysin Artem P. , Dementieva Natalia V. , Shcherbakov Yuri S. , Pozovnikova Marina V. , Griffin Darren K. , Romanov Michael N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn meat-type poultry breeding, pectoral angle (PA) is a conventional anatomical indicator for changes in body conformation and meat traits; its correlation to egg performance is however deemed controversial. In this context, we revisited, assessed and put forward evidence for the usefulness of this classic phenotypic variable and its specific integrative index of pectoral angle-to-body weight ratio (PA/BW). Specifically, we identified respective correlations and used them for distinguishing the major categories (production types) of diverse chicken breeds under the traditional classification model (TCM) and genotypic clustering models of the global chicken gene pool subdivision. Also, the usefulness of the supplementary integrative egg mass yield index (EMY) for this objective was demonstrated. Because of estimating the total mass of eggs laid (i.e. egg number times egg weight), EMY can serve as an indicator of egg production. Direct approximation of EMY values by PA and BW values did not lead to significant correlation dependences between these indicators in each of the four breed utility types according to TCM. However, using the ratio of PA to BW, instead of PA and BW alone, resulted in significant correlation of EMY with PA/BW, allowing for distinction between egg-type and non-productive breeds. The validity of the proposed correlation-based models was supported by PCA and Neighbor Joining clustering analyses. Collectively, we suggested that PA can be a potentially correlated trait for selecting hens and roosters in breeding flocks to boost egg yield. These results can also be applied to chicken breeding as well as conservation- and phenome-related research.
Targeted knockout of a conserved plant mitochondrial gene by genome editing
Authors: Forner Joachim , Kleinschmidt Dennis , Meyer Etienne H. , Gremmels Jürgen , Morbitzer Robert , Lahaye Thomas , Schöttler Mark A. , Bock Ralph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFusion proteins derived from transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) have emerged as genome editing tools for mitochondria. TALE nucleases (TALENs) have been applied to delete chimaeric reading frames and duplicated (redundant) genes but produced complex genomic rearrangements due to the absence of non-homologous end-joining. Here we report the targeted deletion of a conserved mitochondrial gene, nad9, encoding a subunit of respiratory complex I. By generating a large number of TALEN-mediated mitochondrial deletion lines, we isolated, in addition to mutants with rearranged genomes, homochondriomic mutants harbouring clean nad9 deletions. Characterization of the knockout plants revealed impaired complex I biogenesis, male sterility and defects in leaf and flower development. We show that these defects can be restored by expressing a functional Nad9 protein from the nuclear genome, thus creating a synthetic cytoplasmic male sterility system. Our data (1) demonstrate the feasibility of using genome editing to study mitochondrial gene functions by reverse genetics, (2) highlight the role of complex I in plant development and (3) provide proof-of-concept for the construction of synthetic cytoplasmic male sterility systems for hybrid breeding by genome editing.
Digestive exophagy of biofilms by intestinal amoeba and its impact on stress tolerance and cytotoxicity
Authors: Zanditenas Eva , Trebicz-Geffen Meirav , Kolli Divya , Domínguez-García Laura , Farhi Einan , Linde Liat , Romero Diego , Chapman Matthew , Kolodkin-Gal Ilana , Ankri Serge 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe human protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is responsible for amebiasis, a disease endemic to developing countries. E. histolytica trophozoites colonize the large intestine, primarily feeding on bacteria. However, in the gastrointestinal tract, bacterial cells form aggregates or structured communities called biofilms too large for phagocytosis. Remarkably, trophozoites are still able to invade and degrade established biofilms, utilizing a mechanism that mimics digestive exophagy. Digestive exophagy refers to the secretion of digestive enzymes that promote the digestion of objects too large for direct phagocytosis by phagocytes. E. histolytica cysteine proteinases (CPs) play a crucial role in the degradation process of Bacillus subtilis biofilm. These proteinases target TasA, a major component of the B. subtilis biofilm matrix, also contributing to the adhesion of the parasite to the biofilm. In addition, they are also involved in the degradation of biofilms formed by Gram-negative and Gram-positive enteric pathogens. Furthermore, biofilms also play an important role in protecting trophozoites against oxidative stress. This specific mechanism suggests that the amoeba has adapted to prey on biofilms, potentially serving as an untapped reservoir for novel therapeutic approaches to treat biofilms. Consistently, products derived from the amoeba have been shown to restore antibiotic sensitivity to biofilm cells. In addition, our findings reveal that probiotic biofilms can act as a protective shield for mammalian cells, hindering the progression of the parasite towards them.