bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo rescue of defective memory CD8+ T cells by cognate helper T cells
Authors: Kumaraguru Udayasankar , Banerjee Kaustuv , Rouse Barry T 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe magnitude and efficacy of CD8+ T cell memory may notably regress, especially if immune induction occurs in the absence of adequate CD4+ help. This report demonstrates that this CD8+ memory malfunction could be remedied if a source of cognate antigen-recognizing helper cells were provided during recall. The inability of adoptive transfer of memory SIINFEKL-specific CD8 cells to reject tumors was overcome if recipients were primed for ovalbumin-specific helper cell responses. Additionally, animals primed for a SIINFEKL-specific memory response and incapable of rejecting the tumor could regain protective immunity if given helper cells. This pattern of CD8+ T cell functional rescue or reprogramming by helper cell transfer was replicated using a Herpes simplex virus antiviral immunity system. Our results could mean that therapeutic vaccine approaches could be designed to compensate situations that have defective CD8+ T cell function.
High-Resolution Serum Proteomic Profiling of Alzheimer Disease Samples Reveals Disease-Specific, Carrier-Protein–Bound Mass Signatures
Authors: Lopez Mary F , Mikulskis Alvydas , Kuzdzal Scott , Bennett David A , Kelly Jeremiah , Golenko Eva , DiCesare Joseph , Denoyer Eric , Patton Wayne F , Ediger Richard , Sapp Lisa , Ziegert Tillmann , Lynch Christopher , Kramer Susan , Whiteley Gordon R , Wall Michael R , Mannion David P , della Cioppa Guy , Rakitan John S , Wolfe Gershon M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background: Researchers typically search for disease markers using a “targeted” approach in which a hypothesis about the disease mechanism is tested and experimental results either confirm or disprove the involvement of a particular gene or protein in the disease. Recently, there has been interest in developing disease diagnostics based on unbiased quantification of differences in global patterns of protein and peptide masses, typically in blood from individuals with and without disease. We combined a suite of methods and technologies, including novel sample preparation based on carrier-protein capture and biomarker enrichment, high-resolution mass spectrometry, a unique cohort of well-characterized persons with and without Alzheimer disease (AD), and powerful bioinformatic analysis, that add statistical and procedural robustness to biomarker discovery from blood.
Methods: Carrier-protein–bound peptides were isolated from serum samples by affinity chromatography, and peptide mass spectra were acquired by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) orthogonal time-of-flight (O-TOF) mass spectrometer capable of collecting data over a broad mass range (100 to &gt;300 000 Da) in a single acquisition. Discriminatory analysis of mass spectra was used to process and analyze the raw mass spectral data.
Results: Coupled with the biomarker enrichment protocol, the high-resolution MALDI O-TOF mass spectra provided informative, reproducible peptide signatures. The raw mass spectra were analyzed and used to build discriminant disease models that were challenged with blinded samples for classification.
Conclusions: Carrier-protein enrichment of disease biomarkers coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry and discriminant pattern analysis is a powerful technology for diagnostics and population screening. The mass fingerprint model successfully classified blinded AD patient and control samples with high sensitivity and specificity.
Cantilever-Type Local Deformation Transducer for Local Axial Strain Measurement in Triaxial Test
Authors: Yimsiri S , Soga K , Chandler SG 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The cantilever-type local deformation transducer (cantilever-LDT) was developed as an alternative local axial strain measurement device for triaxial testing. The transducer behaves as a cantilever beam and the deflection at its free-end is measured by the output from the strain gages attached near the fixed-end. By placing two cantilever-LDTs along the same vertical alignment but at different levels of a specimen, the local axial strain is obtained from the relative movements of two cantilever-LDTs. The advantages over the original-LDT proposed by Goto et al. (1991) are: (i) a linear calibration curve, (ii) capability to release itself at large strains, and (iii) larger working range. With a gage length of 50 mm, the resolution, accuracy, and working range are 0.0012 %, 0.003 %, and 6 %, respectively. The triaxial test results on heavily overconsolidated clay specimens show that the cantilever-LDT can be used satisfactorily to measure the local axial strain accurately, but the reliability depends very much on the quality of specimen preparation and setup.
New Local System of Measurement of Axial Strains for Triaxial Apparatus Using LVDT
Authors: Ibraim E , Di Benedetto H 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper presents a new local system of measurement of axial strains for triaxial apparatus using LVDT. The bodies of four nonsubmersible transducers are supported by an independent circular ring, while the rods are simply put on local targets (pins pushed through the membrane into the sample). A flexible metal plate is used to attach the body of the LVDT to the circular ring and a nonrigid connection is considered between the rod and the pin. These original developments allow the system to investigate the soil behavior in large strains, up to 15 × 10−2 m/m, and to accommodate the radial deformation, tilting, and usually inevitable barreling of the sand specimen. The soil stiffness in the small strain domain, less than some 10−5 m/m, can be evaluated with good accuracy, as well as its evolution during triaxial compression or extension tests. The assessment of errors is discussed and the performance of the device is shown with results of tests on Hostun RF sand.
Apparatus Induced Error in Hydraulic Conductivity Measurement Using a Lucite® Fixed Wall Permeameter
Authors: Yeung AT , Sadek SM 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHydraulic conductivity is the most variable parameter in geotechnical engineering. Although accurate measurement of hydraulic conductivity of fine-grained soil is not an easy task, it is often required to satisfy the legitimate requirements of various agencies regulating the design, construction, and operation of compacted clay liners. Results are sensitive to the experimental apparatus and testing procedure used for the measurement. As the flow volumes being measured are very small, any minute leakage of permeant during the test will significantly affect the results obtained. The quantification of a significant unexpected loss of permeant through fixed wall permeameters made of Lucite is documented and discussed in this paper.
Application of High-Speed Digital CCD Cameras to Observe Static and Dynamic Deformation Characteristics of Sand
Authors: Watanabe K , Koseki J , Tateyama M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A mesh-printed membrane was often used to evaluate the deformation of soil quantitatively, in bearing capacity tests or plain strain compression tests. The deformation of soil can be evaluated quantitatively by measuring the displacement of each mesh captured by taking pictures. However, this method requires much time to obtain the displacement and cannot be applied to the dynamic field, such as shaking table tests, because of the limitation of frame rate of the conventional analog camera. In this study, a new image processing system using a high-speed digital CCD camera was established to make it possible to evaluate the deformation characteristics of models quantitatively and automatically in both static and dynamic fields. Further, this system was applied to the shaking table tests on a retaining wall model, and the magnitude of seismic earth pressure was found to be influenced strongly by the seismic behavior of the backfill soil.
Behavior of Embedded Footings Supported on Geogrid Cell Reinforced Foundation Beds
Authors: Sitharam TG , Sireesh S 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The results from laboratory model tests on an embedded circular footing supported on geogrid cell reinforced foundation beds are presented. The embedment depth of the footing (depth of placement of the footing with respect to the fill surface) was varied from zero to 0.6 times the footing width with foundation beds made of dry sand and saturated silty clay. The cellular mattress was prepared using a biaxial polymer geogrid, called a “Geogrid cell.” The various parameters studied in this testing program include the depth of placement of cellular mattress below the footing base, width, and height of the cellular mattress. The load carrying capacity of the geogrid-cell reinforced sand beds have improved up to about 9.5 times with increase in the embedment depth of foundation as against 6.5 times for surface footings. In case of cellular reinforced soft clay beds, a fourfold increase in the performance of the surface footing is observed against unreinforced bed, and it increases up to 5.5 with the footing embedment depth. In case of sand beds, the increased performance of the footing is observed with increase in footing settlement. In case of clay beds a sharp decrease in performance improvement of the footing at around 15 % of the footing settlement is observed at all embedment depths. The effect of embedment depth of footing becomes marginal in case of sand beds when compared with clay beds at higher embedment depths. The sand bed was instrumented with earth pressure cells, and strain gages were mounted on a strip of geogrid that was placed below the cellular mattress. The earth pressure cells embedded in the subgrade soil show that with insertion of the cellular mattress, the footing pressure is distributed more uniformly over a wider area with footing embedment depth. The strain measurements also show a fairly uniform strain in geogrid strip under footing contact pressure.
Ten Years After Daubert: The Status of the States
Authors: Keierleber JA , Bohan TL 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper examines how many of the states have changed their respective scientific-evidence admissibility standards under the influence of the United States Supreme Court's 1993 Daubert decision. The authors offer a definition of what constitutes a Daubert state, and using this definition classify the fifty states into three categories. These are: Frye states (15 states, 10 with codified evidence rules patterned after the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE)); Daubert states (26 states, 24 with FRE-based rules), and non-Frye/non-Daubert states (9 states, 7 with FRE-based rules). The authors discuss how the reliability requirement varies among the non-Frye states, and examine how particular types of evidence have fared in the Daubert era. Finally, the authors offer some predictions for the scientific evidence trends of the states.
A Large-Scale Statistical Analysis of Barefoot Impressions
Authors: Kennedy RB , Chen S , Pressman IS , Yamashita AB , Pressman AE 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
In an earlier paper, outlines of footprints of persons walking normally were studied to determine whether different people make verifiably distinct footprints. Our basic null hypothesis is: given a footprint outline trace made by Subject A (Alice), then Subject B (Bob), a distinct person, cannot produce a footprint outline trace indistinguishable from that of Alice. We showed in the previous work that the probability of a chance match is less than 10−8. In this paper we report two new advances in our research. First, we establish a rigorous mathematical framework for calculating worstcase and average chance-match probabilities. Second, we repeat the previous experiment to substantiate the earlier results, but with an expanded population sample size and a more representative and significantly bigger repeated sample. These improvements and a new automated tracing procedure for extracting all numerical measures lead to a sharpened accuracy with average chance match probabilities of 7.88 × 10−10 for a general population. In other words, the odds of a chance match are one in 1.27 billion.
Strategy for the Estimation of Chronological Age Using the Aspartic Acid Racemization Method with Special Reference to Coefficient of Correlation Between D/L Ratios and Ages
Authors: Ohtani S , Yamamoto T 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The estimation of chronological age has been performed by various methods in forensic science. Among these, racemization methods, which are based on the age-dependent non-enzymatic changes of L-form amino acids to D-form mainly using aspartic acid, are one of the most reliable and accurate methods to date. Separation of enantiomers is generally performed by gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Various tissues with low metabolic rates have been applied for this purpose. In addition, single proteins purified from these target tissues are also applicable. In this brief review we describe this method in detail, noting points of caution, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the different target tissues. In addition, special attention is given to the correlation rates obtained between chronological age and enantiomer ratios. Currently, based on accuracy of estimated age, simplicity of the method, time required, and reproducibility, tooth dentin is considered one of the best target tissues. Alternatively, analysis of osteocalcin and elastin have also provided accurate and reproducible results.
Assessment of HV1 and HV2 mtDNA Variation for Forensic Purposes in an Uruguayan Population Sample
Authors: Pagano S , Sans M , Pimenoff V , Cantera AM , Alvarez JC , Lorente JA , Peco JM , Mones P , Sajantila A 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
In order to assess the utility of mtDNA typing for forensic purposes in Uruguay, a population sample of 120 maternally unrelated individuals were amplified and directly sequenced for the HV1 and for the HV2 segments in the control region of the human mtDNA, following previous international recommendations (1).
Optimal Storage Conditions for Highly Dilute DNA Samples: A Role for Trehalose as a Preserving Agent
Authors: Smith S , Morin PA 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
DNA extraction from trace samples or noninvasively collected samples often results in the recovery of low concentration solutions of DNA that are prone to DNA degradation or other loss. Because of the difficulty in obtaining such samples, and their potentially high value in wildlife and forensic studies, it is critical that optimal methods are employed for their long-term storage. We assessed the amplification yield of samples kept under different storage conditions with the addition of potential preserving agents. We stored dilutions of known concentration human placental DNA, and gorilla fecal DNA, under four conditions (+4°C, −20°C, −80°C, dry at room temperature), and with three additives (Tris EDTA (TE) buffer, Hind III digested Lambda DNA, trehalose). The effectiveness of the treatment methods was tested at regular intervals using qPCR to assess the quantity of amplifiable DNA, and a PCR assay of a larger 757 bp fragment to evaluate the quality of that remaining DNA. The highest quantity of DNA remained in samples stored at —80°C, regardless of storage additives, and those dried at room temperature in the presence of trehalose. Surprisingly, DNA quality was best preserved in the presence of trehalose, either dried or at −80°C; significant quality loss occurred with −20°C and +4°C storage.
A Duplex Real-Time qPCR Assay for the Quantification of Human Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA in Forensic Samples: Implications for Quantifying DNA in Degraded Samples
Authors: Timken MD , Swango KL , Orrego C , Buoncristiani MR 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A duplex real-time qPCR assay was developed for quantifying human nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in forensic samples. The nuclear portion of the assay utilized amplification of a ∼170–190 bp target sequence that spans the repeat region of the TH01 STR locus, and the mitochondrial portion of the assay utilized amplification of a 69 bp target sequence in the ND1 region. Validation studies, performed on an ABI 7000 SDS instrument using TaqMan® detection, demonstrated that both portions of the duplex assay provide suitable quantification sensitivity and precision down to 10–15 copies of each genome of interest and that neither portion shows cross-reactivity to commonly encountered non-human genomes. As part of the validation studies, a series of DNase-degraded samples were quantified using three different methods: the duplex nuclearmitochondrial qPCR assay, the ABI Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification Kit qPCR assay, which amplifies and detects a 62 bp nuclear target sequence, and slot blot hybridization. For non-degraded and moderately degraded samples in the series, all three methods were suitably accurate for quantifying nuclear DNA to achieve successful STR amplifications to yield complete profiles using the ABI AmpFlSTR® Identifiler™ kit. However, for highly degraded samples, the duplex qPCR assay provided better estimates of nuclear template for STR amplification than did either the commercial qPCR assay, which overestimated the quantity of STR-sized DNA fragments, leading to an increased proportion of undetected alleles at the larger STR loci, or slot blot hybridization, which underestimated the quantity of nuclear DNA, leading to an increased proportion of STR amplification artifacts due to amplification of excess template.
A Novel Method for STR-based DNA Profiling Using Microarrays
Authors: Kemp JT , Davis RW , White RL , Wang SX , Webb CD 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We describe a novel method for rapidly identifying and distinguishing between different DNA sequences using short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and DNA microarrays. The method can be used to deduce identity, length, and number of STRs of the target molecule. We refer to this technique as the “variable-length probe array” method for STR profiling (VLPA). The method involves hybridization of the unknown STR target sequence to a DNA microarray displaying complementary probes that vary in length to cover the range of possible STRs. A post-hybridization enzymatic digestion of the DNA hybrids is then used to selectively remove labeled single-stranded regions of DNA from the microarray surface. The number of repeats in the unknown target is then deduced based on the pattern of target DNA that remains hybridized to the array. This DNA profiling technique is useful for performing forensic analysis to uniquely identify individual humans or other species.
Fatality Following Right Atrial Perforation by a Screw-in Pacemaker Electrode
Authors: deRoux SJ 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper describes the first reported fatality from right atrial perforation complicating the insertion of a screw-in right atrial pacemaker electrode. The patient was an 84-year-old woman with the sick sinus syndrome who also had hepatic cirrhosis.
The Influence of Brain Abnormalities on Psychosocial Development, Criminal History and Paraphilias in Sexual Murderers
Authors: Briken P , Habermann N , Berner W , Hill A 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the number and type of brain abnormalities and their influence on psychosocial development, criminal history and paraphilias in sexual murderers. We analyzed psychiatric court reports of 166 sexual murderers and compared a group with notable signs of brain abnormalities (N = 50) with those without any signs (N = 116). Sexual murderers with brain abnormalities suffered more from early behavior problems. They were less likely to cohabitate with the victim at the time of the homicide and had more victims at the age of six years or younger. Psychiatric diagnoses revealed a higher total number of paraphilias: Transvestic fetishism and paraphilias not otherwise specified were more frequent in offenders with brain abnormalities. A binary logistic regression identified five predictors that accounted for 46.8% of the variance explaining the presence of brain abnormalities. Our results suggest the importance of a comprehensive neurological and psychological examination of this special offender group.
A Review of the Analysis of Vegetable Oil Residues from Fire Debris Samples: Spontaneous Ignition, Vegetable Oils, and the Forensic Approach
Authors: Stauffer E 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on the analysis of vegetable (and animal) oil residues from fire debris samples. The process of selfheating and spontaneous ignition is well-known by fire investigators and causes many fires. Vegetable oils are often the chemicals that originate such phenomenon. Vegetable oils are composed of lipids, which contain fatty acids. The autooxidation of the double bonds present in unsaturated fatty acids is the exothermic reaction at the origin of the self-heating process. The degree of unsaturation of fatty acids directly influences the propensity of an oil to undergo self-heating and, eventually, spontaneous ignition. When fire debris samples are collected, it is possible to examine them at the laboratory to extract and identify vegetable oil residues. This is typically performed by solvent extraction, followed by gas chromatographic(-mass spectrometric) analysis of the extract. Such analyses differ from ignitable liquid residue analyses, so a different forensic approach is necessary.
Analysis of Glass Fragments by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Bajic SJ , Aeschliman DB , Saetveit NJ , Baldwin DP , Houk RS 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used to differentiate glass samples with similar optical and physical properties based on trace elemental composition. Laser ablation increases the number of elements that can be used for differentiation by eliminating problems commonly associated with dissolution and contamination. In this study, standard residential window and tempered glass samples that could not be differentiated by refractive index or density were successfully differentiated by LA-ICP-MS. The primary analysis approach used is Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the complete mass spectrum. PCA, a multivariate analysis technique, provides rapid analysis of samples without time-consuming pair-wise comparison of calibrated analyses or prior knowledge of the elements present in the samples. Probabilities for positive association of the individual samples are derived from PCA. Utilization of the Q-statistic with PCA allowed us to distinguish all samples within the set to a certainty greater than the 99% confidence interval.
A Simplified Method for Mitochondrial DNA Extraction from Head Hair Shafts
Authors: Graffy EA , Foran DR 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
DNA isolation from hair shafts can involve a number of steps, each of which adds time to the procedure and increases the risk of contamination. A simple alkaline digestion procedure that directly dissolves hairs was developed and compared with a widely used glass grinding/organic extraction method, using samples collected from 30 volunteers with varying population ancestries, hair colors, and hair treatments. A 203 bp mtDNA product could be amplified from 90% of samples extracted by alkaline digestion and 73% of hairs extracted by glass grinding. DNA obtained from alkaline digested hair generated equal or greater amplification success for virtually all criteria examined, and mtDNA sequences matched buccal control sequences in all cases. The two methods were similar in DNA yield (amplification success at template dilution) and quality of DNA obtained (amplicon length). Alkaline digestion of hair shafts required 6–7 h to complete, compared to 22–24 h for glass grinding, and proved a less laborious yet equally robust method for mtDNA extraction.