bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schema‐level cognitions in patients with binge eating disorder: A case control study
Authors: Waller Glenn 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the schema‐level cognitions (core beliefs) of patients with binge eating disorder to determine whether these patients differ from those with bulimia nervosa. A case control method (matching groups for age and body mass index [BMI]) was used, to avoid the confounding factors that are found in most studies of this sort.MethodAll clinical women were recruited from a specialist eating disorder clinic. The index group consisted of 25 women with DSM‐IV diagnoses of binge eating disorder, who were compared with a clinical group of 25 women with bulimia nervosa and a group of 25 women with no eating disorder. Groups were closely matched for age and BMI. Each participant completed a well‐validated measure of core beliefs.ResultsAlthough the binge eating disorder group had a range of more negative core beliefs than nonclinical women, the differences between the clinical groups were much smaller. The binge eating disorder group had more negative core beliefs than the bulimia nervosa group in many areas. However, the bulimia nervosa group was distinguished by having the highest level of abandonment beliefs, and this difference may account for the difference in the presence of purging behaviors.ConclusionsLevels of abandonment beliefs seem to be crucial in understanding the behavioral differences between these clinical groups—particularly the absence of purging behaviors. However, the relevance of these beliefs to treatment outcome and to other aspects of psychopathology remains to be established. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 458–464, 2003.
Essential oils of six Gomidesia spp. from southern Brazil
Authors: Limberger Renata P. , Simões‐Pires, Cláudia A. , Sobral Marcos , Menut Chantal , Bessiere Jean‐Marie , Henriques Amélia T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEssential oils from Gomidesia schaueriana, G. sellowiana, G. spectabilis, G. anacardiifolia, G. palustris and G. tijucensis, collected in Southern Brazil, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Fifty‐two compounds were identiﬁed, representing 92–98% of the oil contents. All samples were rich in cyclic sesquiterpenes (about 90%), mainly those from the cadinene and germacrene cyclization pathway. The oils from G. schaueriana, G. spectabilis, G. anacardiifolia and G. palustris were quite similar, with a predominance of β‐caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, globulol and α‐cadinol. G. sellowiana was rich in spathulenol, followed by geranylgeraniol, and G. tijucensis was characterized by the presence of α‐ and β‐selinene. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical constituents of the essential oils of Goniothalamus uvariodes King
Authors: Ahmad Fasihuddin bin , Jantan Ibrahim bin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe leaf, bark and root oils of Goniothalamus uvariodes King were investigated by capillary GC and GC–MS. The leaf oil was made up mainly of sesquiterpenoids, with β‐cubebene (15.2%) as the dominant component. The other major components were elemol (9.7%), epi‐α‐cadinol (6.2%), α‐muurolene (4.8%) and viridiﬂorol (4.8%). The bark oil was also rich in sesquiterpenoids, with β‐eudesmol (31.5%), γ‐eudesmol (16.0%), hedycaryol (13.6%), α‐eudesmol (5.6%) and (Z)‐nerolidol (5.2%) as the major constituents. However, the major group of compounds in the root oil was monoterpenoids, of which terpinen‐4‐ol (39.5%) and 1,8‐cineole (14.0%) were the main representatives. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative composition of decanted and recovered essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook
Authors: Rajeswara Rao B. R. , Kaul P. N. , Syamasundar K. V. , Ramesh S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe chemical composition of decanted (obtained directly by steam distillation of the leaves) and recovered (extracted from distillation water using hexane) essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora were examined. The decanted oil was richer in citronellal (70.3%), citronellol (8.8%), citronellyl acetate (1.3%) and β‐caryophyllene (2.6%). The recovered oil was richer in isopulegol (53.0%), borneol (10.0%), menthol (5.3%), neral (6.9%), geraniol (1.4%) and eugenol (4.6%). Citronellal, the major constituent of the decanted oil, was absent in the recovered oil. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oils of some Boswellia spp., Myrrh and Opopanax
Authors: Başer K. H. C. , Demirci B. , Dekebo Aman , Dagne Ermias 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of resins of Boswellia neglecta, B. pirottae, B. rivae, Commiphora myrrha (myrrh) and C. guidottii (opopanax or scented myrrh) were analysed using GC–MS. α‐Thujene (19.2%), α‐pinene (16.7%) and terpinen‐4‐ol (12.5%) were found to be the major components in B. neglecta; limonene (14.8%) in B. rivae; trans‐verbenol (15.5%) and terpinen‐4‐ol (14.6%) in B. pirottae; (E)‐β‐ocimene (33%) in gum opopanax and furanoeudesma‐1,3‐diene (34%) in myrrh. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and odour descriptions of cyclopropanated compounds: 4.1 modiﬁcation of aliphatic dienols
Authors: Kiyota Hiromasa , Takai Takafumi , Kuwahara Shigefumi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeveral long‐chain aliphatic dienols used as commercial odourants were modiﬁed with cyclopropane rings, and their characteristics were examined. We used commercially available (2E, 4E)‐2, 4‐decadien‐1‐ol, (3Z, 6Z)‐3, 6‐nonadien‐1‐ol, and (2E, 6Z)‐2, 6‐nonadien‐1‐ol as parent compounds. Monocyclopropanation of the two double bonds in each compound resulted in a signiﬁcant increase of odour quality. However, dicyclopropanated analogues lost their original odour quality and intensity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition of the leaf volatile oil of Psidium guajava L. growing in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunwande Isiaka A. , Olawore Nureni O. , Adeleke Kasali A. , Ekundayo Olusegun , Koenig Wilfried A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe composition of the volatile oil obtained from the hydrodistillation of the leaves of Psidium guajava L., growing in Nigeria, was studied by GC–MS. Forty‐two compounds, representing more than 90% of the volatile mixture, were identiﬁed. The signiﬁcant compounds were limonene (42.1%) and β‐caryophyllene (21.3%). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytic approximation formulae for pricing forward‐starting Asian options
Authors: Tsao Chueh‐Yung , Chang Chuang‐Chang , Lin Chung‐Gee 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this article we first identify a missing term in the Bouaziz, Briys, and Crouhy (1994) pricing formula for forward‐starting Asian options and derive the correct
one. First, illustrate in certain cases that the missing term in their pricing formula could induce large
pricing errors or unreasonable option prices. Second, we derive new analytic approximation formulae for valuing
forward‐starting Asian options by adding the second‐order term in the Taylor series. We show that
our formulae can accurately value forward‐starting Asian options with a large underlying asset's
volatility or a longer time window for the average of the underlying asset prices, whereas the pricing errors
for these options with the previously mentioned formula could be large. Third, we derive the hedge ratios for
these options and compare their properties with those of plain vanilla options. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:487–516, 2003
Alloantigen gene therapy for head and neck cancer: Evaluation of animal models
Authors: Gleich Lyon L. , Li Ya‐Qin , Li Shunan , Gluckman Jack L. , Stambrook Peter J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground.Human trials of alloantigen gene therapy, using the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) HLA‐B7, have demonstrated the potential efficacy of this treatment for head and neck cancer. Its mechanism remains unclear. An immune‐competent mouse model of MHC gene therapy to test factors potentially important to the tumor response is needed.Methods.Two cell lines were used, B4B8 cells that grow in Balb/c mice and SCC‐VII cells that grow in C3H mice. The mouse MHC H2‐Kb was used as the therapeutic gene, because it is an alloantigen to both mice strains. Plasmids that encode the H2‐Kb cDNA were prepared, and the cell lines were transfected. Mice were injected subcutaneously with naive cells to determine the tumor kinetics and serve as controls. Mice were injected with H2‐Kb transfected cells and tumor growth was compared with controls. Mice that did not grow tumor were rechallenged with naive cells to assess for tumor immunity. Mice were injected with transfected and naive cells admixed to determine whether the concentration of the alloantigen is important.Results.B4B8 tumors grew slowly, whereas SCC‐VII tumors grew rapidly. Transfection with H2‐Kb plasmid prevented or inhibited tumor growth of both the B4B8 and SCC‐VII tumors. This growth inhibition was independent of the number of cells injected. In the mice that did not grow tumor, tumor immunity was demonstrated after challenge with naive cells in both models. There was no relationship between induction of immunity and the timing of the challenge or initial cell quantity. The mice injected with a mixture of naive and transfected cells grew tumor, although growth was delayed in the B4B8 model.Conclusions.The results demonstrate that the two mouse models can serve as a rapid and slow growing tumor model of alloantigen gene therapy. In addition, it was noted that initial tumor cell number is not a significant factor for predicting tumor response and demonstrated that in both of these models alloantigen gene therapy results in significant antitumor immunity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 274–279, 2003
Erosion models: quality of spatial predictions
Authors: Jetten Victor , Govers Gerard , Hessel Rudi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Hydrological Processes 18(3) 2004, 595. An overview is given on the predictive quality of spatially distributed runoff and erosion models. A summary is given of the results of model comparison workshops organized by the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Focus 3 programme, as well as other results obtained by individual researchers. The results concur with the generally held viewpoint in the literature that the predictive quality of distributed models is moderately good for total discharge at the outlet, and not very good for net soil loss. This is only true if extensive calibration is done: uncalibrated results are generally bad. The more simple lumped models seem to perform equally well as the more complex distributed models, although the latter produce more detailed spatially distributed results that can aid the researcher. All these results are outlet based: models are tested on lumped discharge and soil loss or on hydrographs and sedigraphs. Surprisingly few tests have been done on the comparison of simulated and modelled erosion patterns, although this may arguably be just as important in the sense of designing anti‐erosion measures and determining source and sink areas. Two studies are shown in which the spatial performance of the erosion model LISEM (Limburg soil erosion model) is analysed. It seems that: (i) the model is very sensitive to the resolution (grid cell size); (ii) the spatial pattern prediction is not very good; (iii) the performance becomes better when the results are resampled to a lower resolution and (iv) the results are improved when certain processes in the model (in this case gully incision) are restricted to so called ‘critical areas’, selected from the digital elevation model with simple rules.The difficulties associated with calibrating and validating spatially distributed soil erosion models are, to a large extent, due to the large spatial and temporal variability of soil erosion phenomena and the uncertainty associated with the input parameter values used in models to predict these processes. They will, therefore, not be solved by constructing even more complete, and therefore more complex, models. However, the situation may be improved by using more spatial information for model calibration and validation rather than output data only and by using ‘optimal’ models, describing only the dominant processes operating in a given landscape. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery models using 137Cs measurements
Authors: He Q. , Walling D. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSpatially distributed models of soil erosion and sediment delivery have been increasingly used in studies of catchment sediment dynamics in recent years. Distributed models permit both the spatial heterogeneity of catchment land use, soil properties and topography, and the spatial interaction of soil erosion and sediment transport processes to be represented and can, therefore, provide spatially distributed predictions of soil redistribution rates for complex three‐dimensional terrain. However, validation of such distributed models has been severely hampered by the lack of information on the spatial distribution of sediment mobilization and deposition within catchments, and has commonly been restricted to comparison of predicted and measured sediment outputs from catchments. The use of the fallout radionuclide 137Cs for documenting soil redistribution affords a means of assembling distributed information on medium‐term rates and patterns of soil redistribution within a catchment which can be used for model testing. The present study uses the 137Cs technique to investigate erosion and sediment delivery processes within a cultivated field in Devon, UK, and the results have been used to test four spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery models, namely the widely used AGNPS and ANSWERS models, a topography‐based sediment delivery model, and a topography‐driven soil erosion model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delineation of erosion classes in semi‐arid southern African grasslands using vegetation indices from optical remote sensing data
Authors: Hochschild Volker , Märker Michael , Rodolfi Giuliano , Staudenrausch Helmut 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAs stated by many authors in the recent past, soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems in southern Africa and it will become even more severe in the future due to population growth and potential climatic changes. This study concerns the detection of different land degradation stages in semi‐arid grassland areas in the upper Mbuluzi‐river catchment (Kingdom of Swaziland). It has been carried out within the framework of an interdisciplinary EU‐funded project aimed at developing an integrated water resources management system (IWRMS) for water resources analyses and prognostic scenario planning in semi‐arid catchments of Southern Africa (Flügel et al., 2001 URL: http://www.iwrms.uni‐jena.de/download/Eu‐reports/report_final.pdf). Within this more general framework, particular attention was focused on the determination of high‐resolution morphometric parameters for detailed erosion process studies, as well as on the derivation of relationships between vegetation cover and bare soil. The latter has subsequently been used to delineate the vegetation cover density and C‐factor values for erosion models such as the revised universal soil loss equation. The examples from Southern Africa show that the methods applied are able to identify areas affected by different types of erosion. Furthermore, it is possible to estimate the parameters for a subsequent erosion modelling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating geographical information systems, remote sensing, ground truthing and modelling approaches for regional erosion classification of semi‐arid catchments in South Africa
Authors: Flügel Wolfgang‐Albert , Märker Michael , Moretti Sandro , Rodolfi Giuliano , Sidrochuk Aleksey 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWater resources management is an important issue in southern African countries. With respect to water quality problems, the understanding of the dynamics of integrated soil erosion processes in river basins is of crucial importance. This study is on the delineation of response units (RUs) in the Mkomazi River catchment (KwaZulu/Natal; South Africa). It was carried out within the framework of an interdisciplinary EU‐funded project aimed at developing an integrated water resources management system for water resources analyses and prognostic scenario planning in semi‐arid catchments of southern Africa. Within this more general framework, particular attention was focused on the identification of sediment source areas. For this purpose, the RUs concept was applied to delineate erosion RUs (ERUs). The ERUs were subsequently used to identify heterogeneously distributed areas within a river catchment characterized by specific hydrological and erosion dynamics and features. Therefore, they can be applied as modelling entities in physically based hydrological and erosion models. Spatially distributed input data from the catchment were derived by remote sensing techniques and geographical information systems analyses. Taking into account the high amount of sediments produced by gully erosion, not considered in USLE‐type models, special attention was focused on gully erosion using a dynamic gully erosion model. The example from southern Africa shows that the methods applied are able to identify areas affected by gully erosion. Furthermore, it was possible to estimate the entire amount of soil loss, including gully erosion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of event‐based and long‐term spatial redistribution of Chernobyl‐derived radiocaesium within catchments using geographical information system embedded models
Authors: van der Perk Marcel , Slávik Ondrej 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Chernobyl accident contaminated vast areas of Europe with radiocaesium (137Cs) in 1986. To evaluate long‐term and event‐based redistribution of Chernobyl‐derived 137Cs at the catchment scale, two geographical information system embedded models have been developed. The first model simulates 137Cs redistribution using a monthly time step based on a long‐term soil erosion model. The second model simulates lateral radiocaesium transport at the event scale based on the existing Limburg soil erosion model. This model accounts for surface runoff, soil erosion and deposition, and radiocaesium exchange between the topsoil layer, runoff water, and suspended sediment. Both models have been tested and applied to the Mochovce catchment, western Slovakia. The spatial distribution of 137Cs activity in soil simulated by the long‐term model was used as input for the event‐based model to assess the changes in 137Cs transport during rainfall events between 1986 and 2002. Soil erosion events in the first months after initial fallout input before ploughing caused a considerable decline in the 137Cs soil inventories, which were estimated at 8·9% of the total initial inventory. The majority of 137Cs transport during rainfall events occurs in particulate form. Both the absolute amounts of particulate 137Cs transport and the fraction of particulate 137Cs transport were shown to be positively related to suspended sediment transport. Between 1986 and 2002, dissolved 137Cs transport has declined by a factor of about 26, which can be largely attributed to the increased sorption to sediment particles. Particulate 137Cs transport has declined by a factor of about two, which can be largely attributed to the decrease in soil 137Cs. The 137Cs inventories in soil have decreased by a factor between three and four at the steep hillslopes, but have remained at about the same level as the initial fallout input at the valley bottoms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of erosion patterns in the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River using geographical information system and remote sensing techniques
Authors: Khan Nasreen Islam , Islam Aminul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is significant evidence of frequent and rapid erosion and fast rates of bank line retreat along the river Brahmaputra–Jamuna within Bangladesh. This study is aimed at quantifying the actual rates of bank erosion along the river based on time series analysis of satellite images and historical maps. Analysis shows that the erosion rates in the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River were 160 m year−1 between 1973 and 1992, indicating the severity of erosion hazard along the river. This study also revealed the fact that the river has migrated westwards at an average movement rate of 50 m year−1 during the period of 1830–1992. In 1830, the river had an average width of 6·2 km, but by 1992 the average width had increased to 10·6 km. The channel has widened at an average rate of 27 m year−1 during 1830–1914. After that, it has widened at an average rate of 65 m year−1. The average width of the river has increased about 130 m year−1 since 1973. Analysis of the Landsat images shows that, over the whole river, riverine islands most often persist from 1 to 7 years, but 30% have lasted for 14 years or more. Accretion has taken place in the middle and lower reaches north of the east bank and in the extreme north of the west bank between 1973 and 1992. The rate of accretion is not comparable with the rate of bank erosion of the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A test of three soil erosion models incorporated into a geographical information system
Authors: Svorin Josefine 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn examination is carried out of the application of three soil erosion models, USLE/RUSLE, SLEMSA and the Morgan, Morgan and Finney method, to the Simeto catchment in Sicily, and of the differences in the results using the three models. The models are incorporated into a grid‐based geographical information system, and the results are validated qualitatively and quantitatively. The significance of the choice of method to estimate the distributed input parameters and the method to validate the quality of the models are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating reservoir sediment and watershed erosion using a geographical information system
Authors: Chang Tiao J. , Bayes Travis D. , McKeever Scott 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMost economic developments may have been at the expense of soil conservation. Soil erosion results in impacts on reservoir sediment, crop yield, and water quality. This study introduces the procedure of using a geographical information system for investigating reservoir sediments and soil erosion of the corresponding watershed. First, the bathymetric surface of a reservoir is surveyed using two real‐time kinematic global position systems and a sonar‐based depth gauge. Using the on‐board computer, receivers, and sonar, bathymetric readings are recorded three times a second to establish actual coordinates and depth measurements. Data are then converted using a digital terrain model to obtain the current image bathymetric surface. The image of original bathymetric surfaces when constructed can be obtained by digitizing the existing map. The subtraction of these two images is used to estimate the amount of sediment deposits. Next, parameters of rainfall‐runoff erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope length factor, slope steepness factor, cover‐management factor, and support practice factor are evaluated for each grid of the corresponding watershed. The average annual soil loss from each grid is estimated by the revised universal soil loss equation to obtain the total amount of the soil loss for the watershed. Using the example of Charles Mill Lake, Ohio, USA, the estimated average amount of sediment deposits in the lake was about 2·44 × 104 m3 year−1. On the other hand, the estimated soil erosion from the corresponding watershed was about 4·22 × 108 kg year−1 or 1·56 × 105 m3 year−1. Hence, it can be concluded that about 15·6% of the soils eroded from the watershed have been deposited in the lake. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.