bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research of ordinal model fusion based apple grading
Authors: Bi Shuhui , Qu Xinhua , Shen Tao , Zhao Qinjun , Ma Liyao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Near infrared spectrum has been applied for the rapid non-destructive prediction and classification of the internal soluble solids content (SSC) of apples, due to its rapid, non-destructive and non-polluting nature. However, current apple grading methods do not make full use of the orderliness relationship existing in the apple grading labels. Therefore, ordinal model is introduced in the issue of apples grading based on the internal SSC. In details, the orderliness in the classification model is considered and ordinal regression is combined with apple classification model to establish ordered partition neural network and ordinal regression extreme learning machine, respectively. Meanwhile, to address the problems of poor applicability of single prediction model and the grading uncertainty associated with compulsory segmentation of grading boundaries, a Gaussian mass function generating method is proposed based on the distance between the predicted ordinal class labels and the real grading boundaries, and the multiple models can be fused through the Dempster combination rule, making a fuller description of the uncertainty problem on ordinal class labels prediction, providing a research basis for online non destructive testing grading of apples. Finally, the multiple model fusion process is fully demonstrated by simulation examples, the grading accuracy of Yantai Red Fuji apples is also improved than single ordinal model.
Graph plotting of 1-D motion in introductory physics education using scripts generated by ChatGPT 3.5
Authors: Ramkorun Bhavesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introductory physics courses often necessitate students to graphically represent one-dimensional (1-D) motion and derive various physical parameters. Physical quantities are often solved by calculating either slope or the area under the graph. Instructors and students who do not have access to paid software must plot graphs by hand. This paper explores three introductory physics examples related to 1-D motion, and employs ChatGPT 3.5 to generate scripts that will produce graphs from raw data. It can generate scripts, based on accurate user inputs, in free programming languages like Python and/or GNU Octave to enable efficient graph plotting. Examples will be provided on calculating the slope of a distance–time graph and determining the area under a velocity–time graph. Given raw data, ChatGPT 3.5 may exhibit occasional inaccuracies when solving for physical parameters. However, user can communicate in English to modify the output. The author does not endorse the use of ChatGPT for academic misconducts such as assisting students to cheat in problem solving. Instead, ChatGPT is presented as a tool to enhance data visualisation for both instructors and students, which can potentially improve learning environments in introductory physics. This paper lays the groundwork for future initiatives, beyond the plotting of 1-D motion graphs, aiming to integrate artificial intelligence to assist more complex motion studies in physics learning environments.
Theoretical analysis of introducing CeOx as a passivation layer: an innovative approach to boosting CIGS solar cell efficiency
Authors: Naceri Leila , Belarbi Mousaab 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel structure, AZO/CeOx/SnS2/CIGS/a-Si/Ag., simulated using SCAPS-1D. The structure features CeOx as a passivation layer, integrates SnS2 as an auxiliary absorber layer alongside the primary CIGS layer, and employs a-Si as a buffer layer. Our investigation focuses on evaluating the impact of material parameters on various electrical characteristics such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), efficiency (η), and fill factor (FF). We analyze the influence of layer thickness on the aforementioned characteristics and scrutinize the effects of temperature variation and series resistance on cell performance. After detailed calculations, we found that optimizing these parameters led to excellent performances, achieving an efficiency of 30.11%. This achievement was obtained under specific conditions, including the following layer thicknesses: CeOx (0.7 μm), CIGS (1.2 μm), and a-Si (0.1 μm), along with an optimal temperature of 302 K. This study aims to provide valuable insights to device manufacturers for enhancing the efficiency of CIGS solar cells.
An advanced theoretical approach to study super-multiperiod superlattices: theory vs experiments
Authors: Dashkov Alexander Sergeevich , Khakhulin Semyon Andreevich , Shapran Dmitrii Alekseevich , Glinskii Gennadii Fedorovich , Kostromin Nikita Andreevich , Vasiliev Alexander Leonidovich , Yakunin Sergey Nikolayevich , Komkov Oleg Sergeevich , Pirogov Evgeniy Viktorovich , Sobolev Maxim Sergeevich , Goray Leonid Ivanovich , Bouravleuv Alexei Dmitrievich 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A new theoretical method to study super-multiperiod superlattices has been developed. The method combines the precision of the 8-band kp-method with the flexibility of the shooting method and the Monte Carlo approach. This method was applied to examine the finest quality samples of super-multiperiod Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The express photoreflectance spectroscopy method was utilized to validate the proposed theoretical method. For the first time, the accurate theoretical analysis of the energy band diagram of super-multiperiod superlattices with experimental verification has been conducted. The proposed approach highly accurately determines transition peak positions and enables the calculation of the energy band diagram, transition energies, relaxation rates, and gain estimation. It has achieved a remarkably low 5% error compared to the commonly used method, which typically results in a 25% error, and allowed to recover the superlattice parameters. The retrieved intrinsic parameters of the samples aligned with XRD data and growth parameters. The proposed method also accurately predicted the escape of the second energy level for quantum well thicknesses less than 5 nm, as was observed in photoreflectance experiments. The new designs of THz light-emitting devices operating at room temperature were suggested by the developed method.
MSL goniospectrophotometer measurement model
Authors: Molloy E , Koo A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Measurements of both hemispherical reflectance and the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) are of interest to a wide range of industries including computer graphics, remote sensing, lighting design, and cosmetics. The scale of directional reflectance is often realised at national metrology institutes using goniospectrophotometers, and by integrating BRDF measurements made over the hemisphere, the scale of hemispherical reflectance can also be realised. This paper describes the measurement model for BRDF and hemispherical reflectance using the MSL goniospectrophotometer, which uses rotation stages to adjust the angle of the sample. The measurement model is applied to measurements of a white Spectralon sample and a white ceramic tile to demonstrate the performance of the instrument. The relative standard uncertainty in the BRDF of a white Spectralon sample at 550 nm is less than 0.1% for in-plane measurements, while the relative standard uncertainty in the hemispherical reflectance of a white Spectralon sample at 560 nm is 0.27%.
Dynamic functional network connectivity analysis in schizophrenia based on a spatiotemporal CPD framework
Authors: Kuang Li-Dan , Li He-Qiang , Zhang Jianming , Gui Yan , Zhang Jin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC), based on data-driven group independent component (IC) analysis, is an important avenue for investigating underlying patterns of certain brain diseases such as schizophrenia. Canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) of a higher-way dynamic functional connectivity tensor, can offer an innovative spatiotemporal framework to accurately characterize potential dynamic spatial and temporal fluctuations. Since multi-subject dFNC data from sliding-window analysis are also naturally a higher-order tensor, we propose an innovative sparse and low-rank CPD (SLRCPD) for the three-way dFNC tensor to excavate significant dynamic spatiotemporal aberrant changes in schizophrenia. Approach. The proposed SLRCPD approach imposes two constraints. First, the L1 regularization on spatial modules is applied to extract sparse but significant dynamic connectivity and avoid overfitting the model. Second, low-rank constraint is added on time-varying weights to enhance the temporal state clustering quality. Shared dynamic spatial modules, group-specific dynamic spatial modules and time-varying weights can be extracted by SLRCPD. The strength of connections within- and between-IC networks and connection contribution are proposed to inspect the spatial modules. K-means clustering and classification are further conducted to explore temporal group difference. Main results. 82 subject resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset and opening Center for Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) schizophrenia dataset both containing schizophrenia patients (SZs) and healthy controls (HCs) were utilized in our work. Three typical dFNC patterns between different brain functional regions were obtained. Compared to the spatial modules of HCs, the aberrant connections among auditory network, somatomotor, visual, cognitive control and cerebellar networks in 82 subject dataset and COBRE dataset were detected. Four temporal states reveal significant differences between SZs and HCs for these two datasets. Additionally, the accuracy values for SZs and HCs classification based on time-varying weights are larger than 0.96. Significance. This study significantly excavates spatio-temporal patterns for schizophrenia disease.
Noninvasive modulation of essential tremor with focused ultrasonic waves
Authors: Riis Thomas S , Losser Adam J , Kassavetis Panagiotis , Moretti Paolo , Kubanek Jan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective: Transcranial focused low-intensity ultrasound has the potential to noninvasively modulate confined regions deep inside the human brain, which could provide a new tool for causal interrogation of circuit function in humans. However, it has been unclear whether the approach is potent enough to modulate behavior. Approach: To test this, we applied low-intensity ultrasound to a deep brain thalamic target, the ventral intermediate nucleus, in three patients with essential tremor. Main results: Brief, 15 s stimulations of the target at 10% duty cycle with low-intensity ultrasound, repeated less than 30 times over a period of 90 min, nearly abolished tremor (98% and 97% tremor amplitude reduction) in 2 out of 3 patients. The effect was observed within seconds of the stimulation onset and increased with ultrasound exposure time. The effect gradually vanished following the stimulation, suggesting that the stimulation was safe with no harmful long-term consequences detected. Significance: This result demonstrates that low-intensity focused ultrasound can robustly modulate deep brain regions in humans with notable effects on overt motor behavior.
Critical and tricritical singularities from small-scale Monte Carlo simulations: the Blume–Capel model in two dimensions
Authors: Moueddene Leïla , G Fytas Nikolaos , Holovatch Yurij , Kenna Ralph , Berche Bertrand 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We show that accurate insights into the critical properties of the Blume–Capel model at two dimensions can be deduced from Monte Carlo simulations, even for small system sizes, when one analyses the behaviour of the zeros of the partition function. The phase diagram of the model displays a line of second-order phase transitions ending at a tricritical point, then a line of first-order transitions. We concentrate on critical and tricritical properties and compare the accuracy achieved via standard finite-size scaling of thermodynamic quantities with that from the zeros analysis. This latter analysis showcases spectacular precision, even for systems as small as 64 spins. We also show that the zeros are very sensitive to subtle crossover effects.
Stretched exponential to power-law: crossover of relaxation in a kinetically constrained model
Authors: Mukherjee Sukanta , Pareek Puneet , Barma Mustansir , Kumar Nandi Saroj 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The autocorrelation function in many complex systems shows a crossover in the form of its decay: from a stretched exponential relaxation (SER) at short times to a power law at long times. Studies of the mechanisms leading to such multiple relaxation patterns are rare. Additionally, the inherent complexity of these systems makes it hard to understand the underlying mechanism leading to the crossover. Here we develop a simple one-dimensional spin model, which we call a domain wall (DW) to doublon model, that shows such a crossover as the nature of the excitations governing the relaxation dynamics changes with temperature and time. The relevant excitations are DWs and bound pairs of DWs, which we term ‘doublons’. The diffusive motion of the DWs governs the relaxation at short times, whereas the diffusive motion of the doublons yields the long-time decay. This change of excitations and their relaxation leads to a crossover from SER to a power law in the decay pattern of the autocorrelation function. We augment our numerical results with simple physical arguments and analytic derivations.
The anisotropy behavior of metallic foams under Charpy impact tests
Authors: Galatanu Sergiu-Valentin , Linul Emanoil , Kováčik Jaroslav , Marsavina Liviu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Currently, the automotive industry is looking for their new products to have a density as low as possible so that CO2 emissions decrease. Metallic foams have attracted a great deal of interest in this industry because of their multiple advantages. They can be produced at a relatively low cost and have advantageous properties, especially due to their ability to absorb energy. In the framework of this study, 42 specimens were tested to determine the impact energy and Charpy impact strength according to the cutting orientation. Before being notched according to the ISO 148 standard, their specific mass was determined. For the tests, an Instron CEAST 9050 Charpy test machine was used. The impact strength was determined according to the cutting orientation, and the results obtained by the mass density groups were compared. It could be observed that the cutting orientation of the specimens does not have a clear influence on the impact strength; this is due to the irregular shape of the closed cell, however, the grouping of the specimens on specific density samples has influenced the impact strength.
Mechanical characterizations on biobased FMLs, being developed for battery boxes, before and after ageing
Authors: Mingazzini Claudio , Leoni Enrico , Bassi Stefano , Delise Tiziano , Scafe’ Matteo , Aloysio Giulia De , Laghi Luca , Morganti Mattia , Falleti Gian Luca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the activities carried out under project FENICE (Upscaling, KAVA 9, EIT Raw Materials, www.Fenice-composites.eu, 2022-2025) about improving fire resistance of electric cars batteries, in particular through the development of Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) battery boxes. The aim of this study is to analyse the corrosion behaviour of FML based on bio-based and closed loop recyclable prepregs, in typical ageing conditions (thermal ageing, neutral and cupric acetic salt spray). FML degradation, evaluated in term of residual tensile strength after ageing, along with surface corrosion is remarkably low, and also resistance to humid environment seems satisfactory. However proper inorganic surface finishing is needed, since otherwise typical automotive tests, such as salty spray chamber ageing, cannot be passed in term of corrosion resistance requirements. The project is studying surface vitrification with sol-gel formulations, since traditional painting, based on organic polymers could ensure aluminium corrosion resistance, but would inevitably decrease fire resistance, while Cr-plating is not environmentally friendly, because of its higher carbon footprint and since it would make direct aluminium recyclability impossible, so. These advanced treatments were, up to now, not compatible with the adoption in the mass production, but things are rapidly changing, following the green transition that is currently bringing a number of small revolutions in the manufacturing sector.
Thermophysical characterization of innovative and recyclable composites, being developed and considered for battery boxes mass production
Authors: De Aloysio G , Morganti M , Laghi L , Ghetti L , Mingazzini C , Bassi S , Delise T , Leoni E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the results of preliminary thermophysical characterization carried out on recyclable & biobased Fibre Metal Laminates (FML) for lighter, more sustainable & safer battery box production, with higher fire resistance. These FMLs are designed to be suitable for the low and medium end automotive. In particular, the specific heat and the thermal conductivity of four different types of FMLs were analysed and assessed depending on temperature. The results show increasing trends of specific heat by increasing temperatures and thermal conductivity values increasing both with temperature and the density of the samples. Further studies will be carried out both to optimise the composition of the FMLs and to provide extensive assessment of the thermal and mechanical properties of the solutions so as to guarantee high thermal and mechanical performances and durability of battery boxes for electric vehicles.
Properties of the crack resistance of layered composite and simulation of a crack quasi-static growth
Authors: Pavelko V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The outcomes of standard test of a carbon/epoxy layered composite using DCB specimen for measuring of the I-mode interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT) were analysed. Using the test results and earlier developed the model of quasi-static growth of crack (delamination) in layered composite, the investigation of variable properties of IFT was continued. It is shown that the use of stationary continuous functions for mathematical description of IFT does not allow to completely satisfy to the data of test. The simplest type of stationary discontinuous function is selected for analysis and simulation: the periodic piecewise-constant function. Using the model of quasi-static growth of crack and the mentioned type of variable IFT function the process of a crack propagation in DCB sample at quasi-static loading with control of displacement is simulated. Comparison of IFT function and the crack resistance (R-curve) together with other outcomes of simulation are the base of proposed procedure of variable IFT estimation from DCB Standard test.
Experimental verification of PEKK stiffened panel under compression
Authors: Růžek Roman , Karkulín Adam , Mlch Ivan , Mrňa Tomáš , Šedek Jakub 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the experimental strain and stress analysis of a thermoplastic composite stiffened panel subjected to compression load. The panel has five stringers with a non-symmetric design. Two panels are investigated. The experimental analysis deals with the pristine panel without any flaws and the panel with an artificial crack at the middle stringer interface with the skin. Panels were made from a thermoplastic polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) carbon composite. The buckling and mechanical analysis is based on digital image correlation, strain gauge measurements, and linear variable differential (LVDT) transducers. The crack subcritical extension was defined and analysed. The results show that crack propagation starts coupled with sudden buckling mode transition. The crack growth behaviour is influenced by the buckling shape, which consists of two main modes (with three and four half-waves) in the longitudinal direction in each skin bay.
On the strength of the piezoceramic transducer in the system of structural health monitoring
Authors: Pavelko I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of the presented paper is the more detailed investigation and improvement of pre-stressing technology for the piezoelectrical transducer (PET) protection from degradation at action of extreme overload and longtime variable load in operation. Earlier developed 1D model of embedded PET is verified by the finite element analysis. Using this model, the parametrical assessment of stress state and strength of conventional transducer is done. It is shown that there is specific class of PET for which satisfying solution cannot always be obtained by optimization of parameters of the conventional piezoelectrical transducer (CPET). Therefore, further analysis is focused on the stress state and strength of the pre-stressed piezoelectrical transducer (PPET) it comparison with CPET. The electromechanical impedance (EMI) and its integral indicis are used for assessment of PET operability. Numerical simulation of EMI response to possible damages of PET and the outcome of static and fatigue tests are shown the significantly higher resistance of PPET against operational degradation in comparison with CPET.
Implementation of a Robotic Mobile Manipulator moving a NDT probe inside Steel Cylinder Concrete Pipes for Corrosion Assessment
Authors: Larbi Lucas Si , Lucet Eric , Zhang Chen , Kfoury Farès 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the full implementation of a mobile robotic manipulator moving a probe inside steel cylinder concrete pipes (SCCP) for corrosion assessment. Mechanical prototype based on an off-the-shelf mobile base and a custom-designed manipulator, control and monitoring software architecture, posture control and manipulation inside SCCP are presented. Simulations and testing under realistic operating conditions demonstrate a reliable solution providing repeatable results with high positioning accuracy.
Nano-scale characterisation, deformation and failure mechanisms on enhanced-performance modern steels
Authors: Kaldellis A , Makris N , Fourlaris G , Tsakiridis P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research project aims to experimentally study the nature and fundamental characteristics of microstructure, deformation and failure mechanisms, focused on various and complex nanoscale phases, such as precipitations and paraequilibrium phases, not yet completely explained in modern nanophase steels by state-of-the-art literature. Moreover, this work focuses on the investigation of correlation of the microstructure with its impact on the mechanical properties in laboratory-developed novel nanophase steels, which mainly consist of a ductile ferrite matrix, and are strongly affected by appropriate alloy design and thermomechanical treatment differentiations. The microstructural investigation will be accomplished by Light Optical Microscopy (LOM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), in conjunction with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties evaluation is assessed by hardness tests. The experimental approach has been designed based on the -nano to macro- examination of the materials under investigation to overall understand and explain their nature and properties. Finally, the outcome endeavours to interpret the nanophases’ influence as well as the contribution of alloying elements and thermomechanical and heat treatment routes on the microstructure-properties relationship of these novel nanophase steels.