bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural, Morphological, and Dielectric Properties of Gd3+ modified LaPO4 Ceramics
Authors: Khanna Kanchan , Kumar Akshay , Dwivedi Sunil K. , Kumar Sunil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gd3+ modified LaPO4 (Gd
x
La1-x
PO4, where x = 0.02, 0.04 & 0.06) ceramics have been prepared using Auto Combustion. X-Ray diffractograms analysis shows that samples exhibits pure monoclinic structural phase upto x = 0.04 without presence of any other secondary phases whereas in x = 0.6, some secondary phases appears. The FESEM micrographs show grain growth, densification along with compactness of grains whereas EDS micrographs confirm the presence of elements according to stoichiometric proportion. Elemental mapping gives information about uniform distribution of elements. The dielectric relaxation behavior of prepared ceramics confirms from Cole-Cole model whereas dielectric loss gives information about conductivity of samples which has also be confirmed from conductivity profile.
Dye-sensitized solar cell employing chitosan-based biopolymer electrolyte
Authors: Majumdar Simantini , Mondal Archita , Mahajan Ankita , Bhattacharya Swapan Kumar , Ray Ruma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conductivity and transport properties of a cost-effective and environment friendly chitosan based solid biopolymer electrolytes which form mechanically robust thick film, have been reported here. A maximum ionic conductivity of ∼ 10-4 S/cm has been achieved by optimizing the concentrations of the salt (LiClO4) and the plasticizer (EC) in the biopolymer electrolyte. Ion transport properties of the biopolymer electrolytes are studied from Raman spectroscopy. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), with a sandwich structure, is fabricated with chemically synthesized ZnO (∼ 60 nm) as the nanoporous semiconductor material coated with Rose Bengal dye as a photosensitizer, the chitosan biopolymer as electrolyte and platinum as counter electrode. Linear Sweep Voltammetry analysis of the DSSCs illustrates the photovoltaic performance of these cells. Without any external addition of redox couple in the biopolymer electrolytic system, a maximum short-circuit current density of JSC
= 0.556 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage Voc = 0.605 V with power conversion efficiency 0.051 % is achieved by the DSSC.
Preparation and characterisation of nickel oxide and nickel oxide codoped with magnesium and zinc
Authors: Sunny Erin Ann , Nazar Nahan , Bhagyalakshmi M , Sooryanarayanan S , Chithra Mohan A , Thomas Jomol Mariyam , Nair Varsha , Sivasubramanian G , Sreekanth K M , Sreedhar K M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present work focuses on the formulation and characterisation of undoped NiO and NiO codoped with Mg and Zn. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffractometer and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. For the detection of elements present in the samples, energy dispersive x-ray analysis was employed. Two sets of codoped samples were prepared varying the amount of Mg and Zn. A set of codoped samples was prepared keeping the quantity of Mg at a fixed value and allowed the quantity of Zn to fluctuate. The second set of codoped samples was prepared keeping the extent of Zn at a fixed value and allowed the quantity of Mg to fluctuate. The bandwidth of undoped and codoped materials was computed raising Tauc plot. Crystallite size was computed following Scherrer formula.
Cooling channel selection for big rectangular plastic parts in injection molding
Authors: Adzhar M S M , Harun M N , Saad A P M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are various of types cooling channel designs that have been explored by many researchers to find the best cooling channel that resulted in the optimum results in the injection molding process. The previous research reported that the correct selection of cooling channels in mold design affects the quality of the product and the total cycle time, thus it affected the quality and profit in the manufacturing [1]. The problem in mold design is selecting the correct cooling channel design to ensure the heat transfer distribution is in uniform condition. This paper analysed the effectiveness of four types of different cooling channel designs, the diameter size of the cooling channel, and the variable of coolant temperature in the big rectangular plastic product with the same injection parameters and material type. The objective is to determine the effect of using different cooling channel designs on the cooling time and warpage effect with different coolant temperatures. The commercial mold flow software was used to simulate the injection behaviour to determine the quality of the warpage and total cooling time in the injection molding process. The result found that using a cooling channel type with arrays of the baffle, array bubbler, and conformal cooling channel can reduce the cooling time by almost 50% compared to the conventional cooling channel. The increased coolant temperature in the cooling channel also affects the increase in the cooling time.
Optical Conductivity Analysis of Green CuO Nanoparticles Using Plant Leaf Extract
Authors: Arunkumar B , Meenakshi R , Thamarai selvi S , Raja N , Meganathan T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The optical properties of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles such as absorption coefficient, refractive index, band gap, dielectric constant and optical conductivity were analyzed. XRD shows that upon temperature treatment of green CuO nanoparticles, the crystal size increases and thus the crystallinity increases due to the decrease in the number of crystals per unit area. Due to the high crystallinity, the absorption coefficient exhibits a high electronic shift and the refractive index exhibits good polarization of the ions. Thus the dielectric constant of the real and imaginary regions decreases as the photon energy increases. Higher temperatures exhibit higher photon energy levels. Optical conductivity has induced electron annihilation due to the absorption coefficient of increased photo energy light; Hence the optical conductivity analysis of Lantana camara capped CuO nanoparticles indicated the stability of electrical conductivity with increase in photo power.
Impact of materials on performance of Vine Robot
Authors: Borkar Archit , Bene Shubham , Gonal Mahesha , Shankar B.S. Manohar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Vine Robots are soft continuum robots designed with low-cost fabrication and for the navigation of difficult environments. Due to their movement patterns resembling those of natural vines, these robots also known as “everting vine robots” grow by pressure-driven eversion. This paper presents the impact of different materials on the performance of Vine Robot. Three of the most easily accessible materials namely Transparent LDPE (125 Microns), Black LDPE (150 Microns) and Tarpaulin HDPE (250 Microns) were acquired and utilized in fabricating the body of Vine Robot. Under the application of these materials, difference in various properties of the robot were studied. By systematic study, the suitability of one material over the other was determined in specific environmental scenarios.
Case study of electrical, structural and optical properties of CdSe Quantum Dots using DFT based computational tools.
Authors: Abid Abyaz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent advancement in the field of nano-structured electronic devices has finely tuned up various progenition and manufacturing process of Quantum Dots that can directly harvest energy from solar power. Duly acknowledging different types of procuring processes, the paper primarily focuses on eight different CdSe (Cadmium Selenide) Quantum DOT samples which are initially synthesized in the material testing lab from the available precursor. Structural and electrical properties of these synthesized nano materials are inspected using DFT (Density function theory) based commercial tool - ESPRESSO. Later on, different photo luminous spectroscopic methods are used to understand the optical characteristics of the CdSe based nanomaterials. Light scattering method is applied to comprehend greater insights about the same sampled nano materials based on different parameters such as – polydispersity index (PI), Stokes shift analysis, zeta potential etc. Finally, the most equipped CdSe Quantum DOT sample is chosen for future purpose and a sensitive case study covering diverse advantages, disadvantages and future challenges of QDOTs is carried out.
Certification of welder for tungsten inert gas welding in unmanned aerial vehicle systems
Authors: Subramanya N , Satheesh Kumar A R , Visakh D G , Balasubramanya K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aluminum and its alloys is one of the extensively used non-ferrous metal in aerospace engineering applications due to its excellent properties like higher strength to weight ratio, non-magnetic property, high thermal conductivity, good machinability, recyclability, and excellent formability. However, welding of aluminum and its alloys has always been a challenge due to drastic reduction in strength near heat affected zone (HAZ). Due to softness, ductility, lower melting point of aluminum and its alloys impose additional challenges to weld aluminum alloy components. Due to this, the quality and quantum of skill set needed to weld aluminum alloy joints for flight critical components is much more than that of welding of ferrous materials. The qualification and certification of welder is one of the prime requirements in welding applications especially in aerospace industry. This paper mainly discusses the various aspects involved in qualifying and certifying a welder for tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process of aluminum alloys, which is treated as one of the special processes. The welder certification is a written verification that weld joints produced by welder meets the prescribed standard of welder performance. It is to verify the ability of an individual to execute a qualified welding procedure specification to produce a sound weld. Aluminum alloy 6xxx series is considered for base metal for sample preparation and weld joint assessment studies, as it is one of the prevalently used aluminum alloy material in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. Weld samples are prepared as per internationally practiced standards and welding procedure specification (WPS) is recorded. Various mechanical tests carried out on weld samples during certification process are discussed in the paper. Weld joints are subjected to tensile testing, bending test and macro test. The certifying agencies are involved at every stage to ensure consistency of welder performance.
Effect of elevated temperature on rice husk ash based self-compacting alkali activated slag concrete mixes under different cooling regimes
Authors: Lekhan H N , Manjunath R , Neha S N , Prashanth M H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Here an attempt has been made to develop self-compacting alkali activated slag concrete mix using Rice Husk Ash as Binder. Investigation on the mechanical properties and residual strength when subjected to temperature of 200,400,600,800°C retention period1hour. The Rice husk ash Self Compacting Alkali Activated Slag Concrete mixes was made with GGBS, Rice husk ash and Lime as the binder, with its content varying from 550 to 650 kg/m3of fresh concrete. The W/B ratio of mixes varied in 0.7-0.88 range. The alkaline solutions had Na2O percentages in the range 5-7 with constant activator modulus maintained at 1. Final mix considered had lower water content, higher percentage of RHA and higher compressive strength. Trails showed Processed Rice Husk Ash30%, lime20% and GGBS50% for binder content 600kg/m3 and 6% Na2O dosage showed greater compressive strength and lower water binder ratio compared to other trail mixes. Results showed the slump flow, L–Box, U-box and V-Funnel as greater than 650mm, 0.85, 20mm and 10s resp. Fire damage of RSAASC was measured by subjecting to elevated temperature between 200-800°C for a retention period of 1hour. Cooled to room using furnace cooling, air cooling and sudden cooling. Results indicated reduced compressive strength with increased temperature.
Design and Comparison of three Unconventional Shaped DRAs for 60GHz Application
Authors: Rao Reyya Sohit , Sahu Rashmi Ranjan , Mohanty Shashi Shankar , Panda Ribhu Abhusan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Shape modification and analysis of a conventional circular dielectric resonating antenna for 60 GHz application has been included in this paper. With The conformist shapes have been modified and a comparative study has been done among the unconventional designs based on scattering parameter, antenna gain and directivity. The circular shaped DRA has been modified as Biconvex, Plano convex and biconcave shaped DRA. With the dimension 20 mm × 20 mm × 1.6 mm, FR4 Epoxy material is used for the substrate. Alumina_92pct material with a dielectric constant of 9.2 has been used for the dielectric resonators. Frequency range from 55 GHz to 65 GHz has been considered and the resonant frequencies have been found as 58.7 GHz, 59.7 GHz and 55.5 GHz for Biconvex DRA, Plano Concave DRA and Biconcave DRA respectively. A comparative study has been done among all these three DRAs to find out the best DRA for 60 GHz WLAN application.
Design of a single layer single band 5G FSS as shielding materials
Authors: Florence Esther , Samuel Robinson R , Vimal Samsingh R , Abirami Sakthi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with a novel Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) Electromagnetic shield that operates in the low 5G vertical applications. This FSS is designed for the purpose of serving as an electromagnetic shield to eliminate EMI. The FSS designed operates at a frequency of 5GHz with a bandwidth of 1.45GHz providing a shielding of more than 40dB. The proposed FSS uses a polyester sheet as substrate and uses silver for the metallization of the FSS. Since the proposed FSS is symmetric, it behaves similarly when a Transverse Electric (TE) or a Transverse Magnetic (TM) wave is incident. The structure was designed and simulated using CST software. The results show that this FSS blocks electromagnetic radiation at lower frequencies as intended.
Microstrip patch antenna design using mathematically modeled metamaterial cell
Authors: Satarkar P R , Lohani R B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Metamaterial is an artificial material made up of different types of structural designs on a dielectric substrate. In this paper, a broad investigation is being carried out by mathematically modeling and simulating a single negative metamaterial cell comprising a square split ring resonator with two rings. This metamaterial cell has negative permeability values for a particular frequency range. By enhancing properties like bandwidth, reflection loss, and gain in microstrip patch antennae, these metamaterial cells demonstrate unusually remarkable applications in this field. The resonance frequency obtained by simulating the metamaterial cell is compared with the calculated value from the circuit model. The resonance frequency expression is made simple by evaluating the effective permittivity of the substrate after loading the metallic structure on a dielectric substrate. The resonant frequency predicted analytically is found to be extremely close to the frequency obtained by modeling metamaterial structure. A parameter-retrieval method utilising the S parameters is used to determine the curves for the complex permeability of the metamaterial based on its unit element. In order to obtain the S parameters, modeling software is used. This modeled cell is used for designing a rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The parameters such as bandwidth, Gain, return loss, antenna, and metamaterial-based antenna are compared and recorded.
Study of low-cost, flexible graphite-based sensor for human finger movement
Authors: Kaviguru M , Pavithra T , Sobana A , Naveena S M , Anitha G , Suresh V , Gangadhara S , Venkadesh T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Paper-based sensor devices have grown prominently in recent decades owing to their flexibility, light weight, biodegradability, and low cost. Pencil traces on the paper are the protuberant component to sense the physical parameter variation, and the geometry on the paper substrate plays a vital role in sensing applications. This study used the commercially available pencil as an electrode on a paper substrate that senses the mechanical strain on human finger movements. Two different geometries of the paper substrate were considered, and the optimized geometry was identified. Two different grades (HB and 8B) pencils were used as the drawing instrument to draw the graphite on the paper. The repeated experimental results show a better version of the proposed sensor for measuring human finger movements. The grade HB pencil provides excellent results compared to the other grade pencils.
Metamaterial Based Wearable Antenna with Low SAR
Authors: Mujawar Mehaboob , Basarakod Kaveri , Kalal Aishwarya , Goudar Bhagyashree 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, Wearable antenna based on metamaterial (MTM) with a low specific absorption rate (SAR) has been developed. The suggested antenna design has four metamaterial unit cells underneath the radiating element in the same plane as the ground, together with partial ground. Rectangular patches with I-shaped slots are used to create the MTM unit cells. The jeans fabric is positioned on top of the metamaterials. The MTM unit cells were significant in reducing SAR. Through comparative simulated analysis, such as reflection coefficient, VSWR, radiation patterns, and other antenna parameters, HFSS software presents the performance of the suggested antenna
Patterns, timing, and environmental drivers of secondary growth in two physiologically distinct Mediterranean alpine shrub species
Authors: Albrecht Eike Corina , Dobbert Svenja , Pape Roland , Löffler Jörg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Alpine plants are particularly sensitive to climate change, and in the Mediterranean, less frequent winter cold and prolonged summer drought are expected to shift the growth patterns of species, altering their range and strategies to cope with these dual climatic stressors. However, adaptive strategies for drought and frost and their impact on performance of species are poorly explored, with critical timescales relevant for growth insufficiently reflected and a focus on a limited set of environmental drivers. Here, we explored the growth processes of two physiologically distinct Mediterranean alpine shrub species: Cytisus galianoi (green-stemmed species) and Astragalus granatensis (dimorphic species). By measuring the daily stem diameter changes of 26 specimens over six consecutive years (2015–2020) using dendrometers, as well as the corresponding soil temperature and soil moisture conditions, we identified bimodal annual growth patterns (i.e. two phases of growth), water-related timing of growth, and drought- and frost-related environmental constraints. By implementing correlation analyses, linear mixed effects models, and partial least-squares regression, we found pregrowth temperature and moisture drivers to be highly relevant for growth in both species, suggesting a temporal decoupling of growth and resource acquisition. However, the underlying mechanisms were contrasting. While the spring growth of C. galianoi was promoted by pregrowth winter conditions, the autumn growth of A. granatensis was promoted by pregrowth summer conditions. Thus, resource acquisition is likely to be optimized when the traits of species allow physiological activity at high gain and low costs, i.e. when adaptive mechanisms reduce resource consumption to cope with frost and drought. This is during winter for frost-tolerant green-stemmed species and during summer for drought-avoidant dimorphic species, leading to species-specific time windows of growth. Understanding these species-specific growth mechanisms contributes to answering the overarching question of when and how woody plants grow and helps in understanding their adaptability to future climate variability, particularly in sensitive alpine environments, where plant species are evolutionally adapted to physical peculiarities and reach their low-temperature limit.
Comparison of DNA methylation and cytology tests in urine to detect upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A paired-design diagnostic study
Authors: Wei Wei , Wu Danting , Zhang Zhishu , Liu Junfeng , Deng Jun , Zhang Xiaoli , Ding Degang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a DNA methylation test, compare that test with cytology alone, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) alone, and cytology plus FISH, and explore reasons that may influence the accuracy of liquid biopsy.

Methods
We included 37 patients and 12 negative control individuals between April 2019 and May 2022. All patients had undergone radical nephroureterectomy, nephrectomy, diagnostic ureteroscopy, or tissue biopsy. Urine samples were collected for DNA methylation testing, cytology, and FISH. Test performance was calculated, and receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn for comparison.

Results
Median patient age was 66 years, and κ = 0.576 (P &lt; .001) for the DNA methylation test and tissue pathology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the DNA methylation test were 76%, 100%, 100%, and 74%, respectively, compared with 31%, 100%, 100%, and 50%, respectively, for cytology. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of cytology plus FISH were 66%, 100%, 100%, and 67%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the DNA methylation test was 0.879 (P &lt; .001), and the AUC of cytology plus FISH was 0.828 (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The test performance of DNA methylation was satisfactory. The DNA methylation test for the detection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma demonstrated better sensitivity than did cytology alone or cytology with FISH, but the accuracy of the combined tests was still acceptable. Further prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the clinical value of this promising method.
optima: an open-source R package for the Tapestri platform for integrative single cell multiomics data analysis
Authors: Pei Dong , Griffard Rachel , Yellapu Nanda Kumar , Nissen Emily , Koestler Devin C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Summary
The Tapestri platform offers DNA and protein analysis at the single-cell level. Integrating both types of data is beneficial for studying multiple cell populations in heterogeneous microenvironments, such as tumor tissues. Here, we present optima, an R package for the processing and analysis of data generated from the Tapestri platform. This package provides streamlined functionality for raw data filtering, integration, normalization, transformation, and visualization. Insights gained from the optima package help users to identify unique cell populations and uncover surface protein expression patterns. The results generated by optima help researchers elucidate dynamic changes at the single-cell level in heterogeneous microenvironments.

Availability and implementation
This package is available in Github: https://github.com/rachelgriffard/optima.