bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preschoolers’ use of cue validities as weights in decision-making: Certainty does not substantially change the world
Authors: Lindow Stefanie , Lehmann Anne , Buttelmann David , Betsch Tilmann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A child’s world is full of cues that may help to learn about decision options by providing valuable predictions. However, not all cues are always equally valid. To enhance decision-making, one should use cue validities as weights in decision-making. Prior research showed children’s difficulty in doing so. In 2 conceptual replication studies, we investigated preschoolers’ competencies when they encounter a cue whose prediction is always correct. We assessed 5- to 6-year-olds’ cue evaluations and decision-making in an information-board-game. Participants faced 3 cues when repeatedly choosing between 2 locations to find treasures: A nonprobabilistic, high-validity cue that always provided correct predictions (p = 1) paired with 2 probabilistically correct (Study 1: p = .34, p = .17) or 2 nonprobabilistic, incorrect cues (Study 2: p = 0). Participants considered cue validities—albeit in a rudimentary form. In their cue evaluations, they preferred the high-validity cue, indicating their ability to understand and use cue validity for evaluations. However, in their decision-making, they did not prioritize the high-validity cue. Rather, they frequently searched and followed the predictions of less valid (Study 1) and incorrect cues (Study 2). Our studies strengthen the current state of decision research suggesting that the systematic use of cue validities in decision-making develops throughout childhood. Apparently, having appropriate cue evaluations that reflect cue validities is not sufficient for their use in decision-making. We discuss our findings while considering the importance of learning instances for the development of decision competencies.
ADAM SMITH’S WEALTH OF NATIONS IS STILL RELEVANT TO UK TRADE POLICYMAKING ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Authors: Winters L. Alan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article reviews Adam Smith’s clearly articulated views about the desirability of free trade and his equally strong view on the necessity of sound institutions and ‘the tolerable administration of justice’ as key ingredients of successful economic management. It starts with Smith’s views on free trade and shows how pertinent they are to today’s high-level trade policy challenges. It then considers a more detailed day-to-day instrument of policy—the Trade Remedies Authority (TRA). Following Brexit, the TRA was created as an arms-length body for investigating cases for granting temporary import restrictions to specific products according to a reasonably well-defined objective process. The article demonstrates how, over the first 2 years of its life, the TRA has been reduced from a useful administrative instrument to a fig leaf for a political process for granting protection to petitioners. Unfortunately, this tendency to displace analytical approaches to policy by purely political ones can now be observed in many activities of UK governance.
Bacteria associated with ovine gut parasites Trichuris ovis and Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Bhat A. H. , Tak H. , Ganai B. A. , Malik I. M. , Bhat T. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An associated microbiome of any host helps it in different metabolic processes ranging from the decomposition of food to the maturation of gametes. Organisms with a parasitic mode of life, though present at nutritious sites inside their host, maintain their own microbiome. Nevertheless, the comprehensive characterization and functionality of microbiome in parasitic organisms remain understudied. We selected two nematode parasites of Kashmir Merino sheep viz;Haemonchus contortus and Trichuris ovis based on their higher prevalence, difference in mode of nutrition, habitation site and effect on host. The objective of the study was to explore the bacteria associated with these parasitic nematodes of sheep. We adopted a 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing approach to estimate and compare the bacterial communities present in these two nematode species. Nematode parasites from Kashmir Merino sheep were identified morphologically and confirmed with DNA characterization. H. contortus was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria (57%), Firmicutes (25%), Bacteroidota (15%) and Actinobacteriota (3%). Conversely, T. ovis showed Proteobacteria (78%) followed by Firmicutes (8%), Bacteroidota (8%), Actinobacteriota (1%), Fusobacteriota (1%) and other phyla (4%). This study provides a comprehensive account of the microbiome composition of H. contortus and T. ovis, both of which are highly prevalent among Kashmir Merino sheep. Additionally, T. ovis exhibited a greater bacterial diversity compared to H. contortus. Notably, these nematodes were found to harbor certain pathogenic bacteria. This study can further be carried forward in gaining insights into the complex relationship between the microbiota of a parasite and its pathogenicity, reproductive potential and host microbiome modification.
Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of clinically isolated Aspergillus species in South China
Authors: Bilal Hazrat , Zhang Dongxing , Shafiq Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Nadeem , chen Canhua , Khan Sabir , Cai Lin , Khan Rahat Ullah , Hu Haibin , Zeng Yuebin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aspergillosis is a rising concern worldwide; however, its prevalence is not well documented in China. This retrospective study determined Aspergillus’s epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities at Meizhou People’s Hospital, South China. From 2017 to 2022, the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data about aspergillosis were collected from the hospital’s records and analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and ANOVA. Of 474 aspergillosis cases, A. fumigatus (75.32%) was the most common, followed by A. niger (9.92%), A. flavus (8.86%), and A. terreus (5.91%). A 5.94-fold increase in aspergillosis occurred during the study duration, with the highest cases reported from the intensive care unit (52.74%) – chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (79.1%) and isolated from sputum (62.93%). Only 38 (8.02%) patients used immunosuppressant drugs, while gastroenteritis (5.7%), haematologic malignancy (4.22%), and cardiovascular disease (4.22%) were the most prevalent underlying illnesses. In A. fumigatus, the wild-type (WT) isolates against amphotericin B (99.1%) were higher than triazoles (97–98%), whereas, in non-fumigatus Aspergillus species, the triazole (95–100%) WT proportion was greater than amphotericin B (91–95%). Additionally, there were significantly fewer WT A. fumigatus isolates for itraconazole and posaconazole in outpatients than inpatients. These findings may aid in better understanding and management of aspergillosis in the region.
Cap Analysis of Gene Expression Clarifies Transcriptomic Divergence Within Monozygotic Twin Pairs
Authors: Katoh Hirokazu , Asai Hiroaki , Takemoto Keiko , Tomizawa Rie , Honda Chika , Watanabe Mikio ,   Osaka Twin Research Group, Honda Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhenotypic variation is the result of gene expression based on complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. It is well known that genetic and environmental factors influence gene expression, but our understanding of their relative importance remains limited. To obtain a hint for the understanding of their contributions, we took advantage of monozygotic twins, as they share genetic and shared environmental factors but differ in nonshared factors, such as environmental differences and stochastic factors. In this study, we performed cap analysis of gene expression on three pairs of twins and clustered each individual based on their expression profiles of annotated genes. The dendrogram of annotated gene transcripts showed a monophyletic clade for each twin pair. We also analyzed the expression of retrotransposons, such as human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), given their abundance in the genome. Clustering analyses demonstrated that HERV and LINE expression diverged even within monozygotic twin pairs. Thus, HERVs and LINEs are more susceptible to nonshared factors than annotated genes. Motif analysis of differentially expressed annotated genes suggests that specificity protein/Krüppel-like factor family transcription factors are involved in the expression divergence of annotated gene influenced by nonshared factors. Collectively, our findings suggest that expressions of annotated genes and retrotransposons are differently regulated, and that the expression of retrotransposons is more susceptible to nonshared factors than annotated genes.
Effect of Regional Marine Cloud Brightening Interventions on Climate Tipping Elements
Authors: Hirasawa Haruki , Hingmire Dipti , Singh Hansi , Rasch Philip J. , Mitra Peetak 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt has been proposed that increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) driven climate tipping point risks may prompt consideration of solar radiation modification (SRM) climate intervention to reduce those risks. Here, we study marine cloud brightening (MCB) SRM interventions in three subtropical oceanic regions using Community Earth System Model 2 experiments. We assess the MCB impact on tipping element‐related metrics to estimate the extent to which such interventions might reduce tipping element risks. Both the pattern and magnitude of the MCB cooling depend strongly on location of the MCB intervention. We find the MCB cooling effect reduces most tipping element impacts; though differences in MCB versus GHG climate response patterns mean MCB is an imperfect remedy. However, MCB applied in certain regions may exacerbate certain GHG tipping element impacts. Thus, it is crucial to carefully consider the pattern of MCB interventions and their teleconnected responses to avoid unintended climate effects.
An allosteric switch between the activation loop and a c-terminal palindromic phospho-motif controls c-Src function
Authors: Cuesta-Hernández Hipólito Nicolás , Contreras Julia , Soriano-Maldonado Pablo , Sánchez-Wandelmer Jana , Yeung Wayland , Martín-Hurtado Ana , Muñoz Inés G. , Kannan Natarajan , Llimargas Marta , Muñoz Javier , Plaza-Menacho Iván 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAutophosphorylation controls the transition between discrete functional and conformational states in protein kinases, yet the structural and molecular determinants underlying this fundamental process remain unclear. Here we show that c-terminal Tyr 530 is a de facto c-Src autophosphorylation site with slow time-resolution kinetics and a strong intermolecular component. On the contrary, activation-loop Tyr 419 undergoes faster kinetics and a cis-to-trans phosphorylation switch that controls c-terminal Tyr 530 autophosphorylation, enzyme specificity, and strikingly, c-Src non-catalytic function as a substrate. In line with this, we visualize by X-ray crystallography a snapshot of Tyr 530 intermolecular autophosphorylation. In an asymmetric arrangement of both catalytic domains, a c-terminal palindromic phospho-motif flanking Tyr 530 on the substrate molecule engages the G-loop of the active kinase adopting a position ready for entry into the catalytic cleft. Perturbation of the phospho-motif accounts for c-Src dysfunction as indicated by viral and colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated c-terminal deleted variants. We show that c-terminal residues 531 to 536 are required for c-Src Tyr 530 autophosphorylation, and such a detrimental effect is caused by the substrate molecule inhibiting allosterically the active kinase. Our work reveals a crosstalk between the activation and c-terminal segments that control the allosteric interplay between substrate- and enzyme-acting kinases during autophosphorylation.
Endocytosis-mediated entry of a caterpillar effector into plants is countered by Jasmonate
Authors: Yan Zi-Wei , Chen Fang-Yan , Zhang Xian , Cai Wen-Juan , Chen Chun-Yu , Liu Jie , Wu Man-Ni , Liu Ning-Jing , Ma Bin , Wang Mu-Yang , Chao Dai-Yin , Gao Cai-Ji , Mao Ying-Bo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInsects and pathogens release effectors into plant cells to weaken the host defense or immune response. While the imports of some bacterial and fungal effectors into plants have been previously characterized, the mechanisms of how caterpillar effectors enter plant cells remain a mystery. Using live cell imaging and real-time protein tracking, we show that HARP1, an effector from the oral secretions of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), enters plant cells via protein-mediated endocytosis. The entry of HARP1 into a plant cell depends on its interaction with vesicle trafficking components including CTL1, PATL2, and TET8. The plant defense hormone jasmonate (JA) restricts HARP1 import by inhibiting endocytosis and HARP1 loading into endosomes. Combined with the previous report that HARP1 inhibits JA signaling output in host plants, it unveils that the effector and JA establish a defense and counter-defense loop reflecting the robust arms race between plants and insects.
Identification of errors in draft genome assemblies at single-nucleotide resolution for quality assessment and improvement
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Xu Peng , Wang Jinpeng , Yi Xin , Jiao Yuannian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAssembly of a high-quality genome is important for downstream comparative and functional genomic studies. However, most tools for genome assembly assessment only give qualitative reports, which do not pinpoint assembly errors at specific regions. Here, we develop a new reference-free tool, Clipping information for Revealing Assembly Quality (CRAQ), which maps raw reads back to assembled sequences to identify regional and structural assembly errors based on effective clipped alignment information. Error counts are transformed into corresponding assembly evaluation indexes to reflect the assembly quality at single-nucleotide resolution. Notably, CRAQ distinguishes assembly errors from heterozygous sites or structural differences between haplotypes. This tool can clearly indicate low-quality regions and potential structural error breakpoints; thus, it can identify misjoined regions that should be split for further scaffold building and improvement of the assembly. We have benchmarked CRAQ on multiple genomes assembled using different strategies, and demonstrated the misjoin correction for improving the constructed pseudomolecules.
Liquid spherical shells are a non-equilibrium steady state of active droplets
Authors: Bergmann Alexander M. , Bauermann Jonathan , Bartolucci Giacomo , Donau Carsten , Stasi Michele , Holtmannspötter Anna-Lena , Jülicher Frank , Weber Christoph A. , Boekhoven Job 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLiquid-liquid phase separation yields spherical droplets that eventually coarsen to one large, stable droplet governed by the principle of minimal free energy. In chemically fueled phase separation, the formation of phase-separating molecules is coupled to a fuel-driven, non-equilibrium reaction cycle. It thus yields dissipative structures sustained by a continuous fuel conversion. Such dissipative structures are ubiquitous in biology but are poorly understood as they are governed by non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Here, we bridge the gap between passive, close-to-equilibrium, and active, dissipative structures with chemically fueled phase separation. We observe that spherical, active droplets can undergo a morphological transition into a liquid, spherical shell. We demonstrate that the mechanism is related to gradients of short-lived droplet material. We characterize how far out of equilibrium the spherical shell state is and the chemical power necessary to sustain it. Our work suggests alternative avenues for assembling complex stable morphologies, which might already be exploited to form membraneless organelles by cells.
Beware the myth: learning styles affect parents’, children’s, and teachers’ thinking about children’s academic potential
Authors: Sun Xin , Norton Owen , Nancekivell Shaylene E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThree experiments examine how providing learning style information (a student learns hands-on or visually) might influence thinking about that student’s academic potential. Samples were American and predominately white and middle-class. In Experiment 1, parents (N = 94) and children (N = 73, 6–12 years) judged students who learn visually as more intelligent than hands-on learners. Experiment 2 replicated this pattern with parents and teachers (N = 172). In Experiment 3 (pre-registered), parents and teachers (N = 200) predicted that visual learners are more skilled than hands-on learners at “core” school subjects (math/language/social sciences, except science), whereas, hands-on learners were skilled at non-core subjects (gym/music/art). Together, these studies show that learning style descriptions, resultant of a myth, impact thinking about children’s intellectual aptitudes.
Combined metabolomic and lipidomic analysis uncovers metabolic profile and biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zipeng , Yang Yiqin , Xing Yurong , Si Dandan , Wang Suhua , Lin Jiashuo , Li Cai , Zhang Ji , Yin Detao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence. The pathogenesis of PTC is unclear, but metabolic and lipidomic reprogramming may play a role in tumor growth. We applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to perform widely targeted metabolomics and lipidomics on plasma samples from 94 patients with PTC and 100 healthy controls. We identified 113 differential metabolites and 236 differential lipids, mainly involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glutamate and glutamine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolism. We also screened three potential metabolite biomarkers: sebacic acid, L-glutamine, and indole-3-carboxaldehyde. These biomarkers showed excellent diagnostic performance for PTC in both discovery and validation cohorts, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.994 and 0.925, respectively. Our findings reveal distinct metabolic and lipidomic features of PTC and provide novel targets for diagnosis and treatment.
The design strain sensitivity of the schenberg spherical resonant antenna for gravitational waves
Authors: Liccardo V. , Lenzi C. H. , Marinho R. M. , Aguiar O. D. , Frajuca C. , da Silva Bortoli F. , Costa C. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to review the Schenberg resonant antenna transfer function and to recalculate the antenna design strain sensitivity for gravitational waves. We consider the spherical antenna with six transducers in the semi dodecahedral configuration. When coupled to the antenna, the transducer-sphere system will work as a mass-spring system with three masses. The first one is the antenna effective mass for each quadrupole mode, the second one is the mass of the mechanical structure of the transducer first mechanical mode and the third one is the effective mass of the transducer membrane that makes one of the transducer microwave cavity walls. All the calculations are done for the degenerate (all the sphere quadrupole mode frequencies equal) and non-degenerate sphere cases. We have come to the conclusion that the “ultimate” sensitivity of an advanced version of Schenberg antenna (aSchenberg) is around the standard quantum limit (although the parametric transducers used could, in principle, surpass this limit). However, this sensitivity, in the frequency range where Schenberg operates, has already been achieved by the two aLIGOs in the O3 run, therefore, the only reasonable justification for remounting the Schenberg antenna and trying to place it in the sensitivity of the standard quantum limit would be to detect gravitational waves with another physical principle, different from the one used by laser interferometers. This other physical principle would be the absorption of the gravitational wave energy by a resonant mass like Schenberg.
The influence of different downstream plate length towards the flow-induced vibration on a square cylinder
Authors: Maruai Nurshafinaz Mohd , Ali Mohamed Sukri Mat , Zaki Sheikh Ahmad , Ardila-Rey Jorge Alfredo , Ishak Izuan Amin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe investigations of flow-induced vibration have been around for decades to solve many engineering problems related to structural element. In a hindsight of advancing technology of microelectronics devices, the implementation of flow-induced vibration for energy harvesting is intrigued. The influence of downstream flat plate to flow-induced vibration experienced by a square cylinder is discussed in this study to surpass the limitation of wind energy due to geographical constraints and climate change. The mechanism of flow-induced vibration experienced by a square cylinder with downstream flat plate is numerically simulated based on the unsteady Reynolds Navier–Stokes (URANS) flow field. The Reynolds number,Reassigned in this study is ranging between$$4.2 \times 10^3$$4.2×103–$$10.7 \times 10^3$$10.7×103and the mass damping ratio designated for the square cylinder is$$m^*\zeta$$m∗ζ= 2.48. The influence of three different flat plate lengths$$w/D = 0.5$$w/D=0.5, 1 and 3 is examined. Each case of different flat plate is explored for gap separation between the square cylinder and the plate in the range$$0.5 \leqslant G/D \leqslant 3$$0.5⩽G/D⩽3. Based on the numerical findings, the configuration of cylinder-flat plate with length$$w/D = 1$$w/D=1has shown the highest potential to harvest high energy at comparatively low reduced velocity.
A power quality disturbances classification method based on multi-modal parallel feature extraction
Authors: Tong Zhanbei , Zhong Jianwei , Li Jiajun , Wu Jianjun , Li Zhenwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPower quality disturbance (PQD) is an important problem affecting the safe and stable operation of power system. Traditional single modal methods not only have a large number of parameters, but also usually focus on only one type of feature, resulting in incomplete information about the extracted features, and it is difficult to identify complex and diverse PQD types in modern power systems. In this regard, this paper proposes a multi-modal parallel feature extraction and classification model. The model pays attention to both temporal and spatial features of PQD, which effectively improves classification accuracy. And a lightweight approach is adopted to reduce the number of parameters of the model. The model uses Long Short Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) to extract the temporal features of one-dimensional temporal modes of PQD. At the same time, a lightweight residual network (LResNet) is designed to extract the spatial features of the two-dimensional image modality of PQD. Then, the two types of features are fused into multi-modal spatio-temporal features (MSTF). Finally, MSTF is input to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification. Simulation results of 20 PQD signals show that the classification accuracy of the multi-modal model proposed in this paper reaches 99.94%, and the parameter quantity is only 0.08 MB. Compared with ResNet18, the accuracy of the proposed method has been improved by 2.55% and the number of parameters has been reduced by 99.25%.