bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal differentiation of stem cells isolated from adult muscle
Authors: Romero‐Ramos Marina , Vourc'h Patrick , Young Henry E. , Lucas Paul A. , Wu Young , Chivatakarn Onanong , Zaman Rumina , Dunkelman Noushin , El‐Kalay Mohammad A. , Chesselet Marie‐Françoise 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLineage uncommitted pluripotent stem cells reside in the connective tissue of skeletal muscle. The present study was carried out with pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs) isolated from 6‐month old rat muscle. Before differentiation, these cells were vimentin+, CD90+, CD45−, and varied in their expression of CD34. The PPSCs were expanded as non‐adherent aggregates under similar conditions to those used to generate neurospheres from embryonic or neural stem cells. The PPSC‐derived neurospheres were positive for nestin, an early marker present in neuronal precursors, and expressed the two alternative mRNA forms of the neuroectodermal marker Pax‐6, as well as mRNA for Oct‐4, a gene related to the pluripotentiality of stem cells. To confirm their neural potential, PPSC‐derived neurospheres were plated on coated coverslips under varying conditions: Neurobasal medium with N2 or B27, and either NT3 or BDNF. After 4–6 days the cells expressed neuronal (Tuj1+, NF68), astrocytic (GFAP) and oligodendrocytic (MOSP+, MBP+) markers, both by immunocytochemistry and RT‐PCR. In addition, PPSCs were cultured as monolayers under adherent conditions, exposed to growth factors and defined differentiating conditions for 5 hr, and subsequently kept for 2 days in a maturation medium. At this point they gave rise to a mixed population of early neural progenitors (Nestin+ or NG2+), immature and mature neurons (Tuj1+ and NF145+) and myelin producing oligodendrocytes (CNPase + and MOSP+). Our study shows that PPSCs present in adult muscle can overcome germ lineage restrictions and express the molecular characteristics of brain cells. Therefore, PPSCs isolated from adult muscle could provide a novel source for autologous cell replacement in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progenitor cells derived from the adult human subcortical white matter disperse and differentiate as oligodendrocytes within demyelinated lesions of the rat brain
Authors: Windrem Martha S. , Roy Neeta S. , Wang Jeremy , Nunes Marta , Benraiss Abdellatif , Goodman Robert , McKhann Guy M. , Goldman Steven A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA distinct population of white matter progenitor cells (WMPCs), competent but not committed to generate oligodendrocytes, remains ubiquitous in the adult human subcortical white matter. These cells are present in both sexes and into senescence and may constitute as much as 4% of the cells of adult human capsular white matter. Transduction of adult human white matter dissociates with plasmids bearing early oligodendrocytic promoters driving fluorescent reporters permits the separation of these cells at high yield and purity, as does separation based on their expression of A2B5 immunoreactivity. Isolates of these cells survive xenograft to lysolecithin‐demyelinated brain and migrate rapidly to infiltrate these lesions, without extending into normal white matter. Within several weeks, implanted progenitors mature as oligodendrocytes, and develop myelin‐associated antigens. Lentiviral tagging with green fluorescent protein confirmed that A2B5‐sorted progenitors develop myelin basic protein expression within regions of demyelination and that they fail to migrate when implanted into normal brain. Adult human white matter progenitor cells can thus disperse widely through regions of experimental demyelination and are able to differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes. This being the case, they may constitute appropriate vectors for cell‐based remyelination strategies. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Size distribution of retrovirally marked lineages matches prediction from population measurements of cell cycle behavior
Authors: Cai Li , Hayes Nancy L. , Takahashi Takao , Caviness Verne S. , Nowakowski Richard S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMechanisms that regulate neuron production in the developing mouse neocortex were examined by using a retroviral lineage marking method to determine the sizes of the lineages remaining in the proliferating population of the ventricular zone during the period of neuron production. The distribution of clade sizes obtained experimentally in four different injection–survival paradigms (E11–E13, E11–E14, E11–E15, and E12–E15) from a total of over 500 labeled lineages was compared with that obtained from three models in which the average behavior of the proliferating population [i.e., the proportion of cells remaining in the proliferative population (P) vs. that exiting the proliferative population (Q)] was quantitatively related to lineage size distribution. In model 1, different proportions of asymmetric, symmetric terminal, and symmetric nonterminal cell divisions coexisted during the entire developmental period. In model 2, the developmental period was divided into two epochs: During the first, asymmetric and symmetric nonterminal cell divisions occurred, but, during the second, asymmetric and symmetric terminal cell divisions occurred. In model 3, the shifts in P and Q are accounted for by changes in the proportions of the two types of symmetric cell divisions without the inclusion of any asymmetric cell divisions. The results obtained from the retroviral experiments were well accounted for by model 1 but not by model 2 or 3. These findings demonstrate that: 1) asymmetric and both types of symmetric cell divisions coexist during the entire period of neuronogenesis in the mouse, 2) neuron production is regulated in the proliferative population by the independent decisions of the two daughter cells to reenter S phase, and 3) neurons are produced by both asymmetric and symmetric terminal cell divisions. In addition, the findings mean that cell death and/or tangential movements of cells in the proliferative population occur at only a low rate and that there are no proliferating lineages “reserved” to make particular laminae or cell types. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in raw and germinated faba bean (Vicia faba)‐ and chickpea (Cicer arietinum)‐based diets for rats
Authors: Rubio Luis A , Muzquiz Mercedes , Burbano Carmen , Cuadrado Carmen , Pedrosa Mercedes M 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of germinated faba bean (Vicia faba minor var Alameda)‐ and chickpea (Cicer arietinum kabuli var Athenas)‐based diets on performance, N utilisation, amino acid ileal digestibility and plasma concentrations were studied in growing male Wistar rats. Raw and germinated faba bean and chickpea seed meals were incorporated in essential amino acid‐supplemented and energy‐equalised diets as the only sources of protein. A lactalbumin‐based diet equalised in protein (100 g kg−1) and digestible energy (15.5 kJ g−1) with the test diets was used as control. Weight gains, gain/feed ratios, N retention and NPU values of animals fed raw or germinated legumes were lower than those of rats given the control (lactalbumin) diet, while faecal dry weights were higher. However, N retention and NPU values of rats fed germinated faba bean diets were higher and faecal dry weights lower than those of animals fed non‐germinated faba bean diets. Liver and thymus fresh and dry relative weights were lower than controls for all legume diets, whilst small intestine, caecum and colon relative weights were higher than controls for non‐germinated faba beans and chickpeas either germinated or not. Caecum and colon fresh and dry relative weights of rats fed germinated faba bean seeds were lower than those of rats fed non‐germinated faba beans and not different from controls. Except for aspartic acid and proline in rats fed raw faba bean diets, apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids were not different or higher in rats fed legume diets as compared with controls. Except for arginine, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility was higher for germinated than for non‐germinated faba bean seeds. The amounts of glycine, arginine and ornithine in plasma significantly increased whilst those of threonine, alanine, leucine and lysine decreased with respect to controls in faba bean‐ or chickpea‐fed rats, either germinated or not. We conclude that (a) germination of faba bean seeds gave rise to a significant (P < 0.01) but limited improvement in performance, N retention and apparent ileal digestibilities of some amino acids in growing rats compared with non‐germinated seeds, while there was no detectable effect in the case of germinated chickpea seeds, and (b) the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of essential amino acid‐supplemented diets based on faba bean or chickpea meals, either germinated or not, is similar or even higher than controls.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of type of packaging material on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of deep‐fat‐fried banana chips
Authors: Ammawath Wanna , Che Man Yaakob B , Yusof Salmah , Rahman Russly A 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA storage study of deep‐fat‐fried banana chips was carried out for 8 weeks at ambient temperature (27 °C), using four types of packaging material: laminated aluminium foil (LAF), oriented polypropylene (OPP), polypropylene (PP) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the stored banana chips were analysed at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The quality parameters determined were moisture content, water activity (aw), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), texture (breaking force), colour and sensory attributes. The moisture content, aw, TBARS and breaking force values of all samples increased during storage. The colour also changed during storage, showing higher L and lower a and b values. Samples packed in LAF had the lowest moisture content, aw, TBARS and breaking force values. The most notable sensory change that occurred during storage was a decrease in crispness. Samples packed in LAF had higher scores than the other three samples, whilst LDPE gave the lowest scores for crispness as well as product colour. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in rancid odour among samples packed in OPP, PP and LDPE. However, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between samples packed in LAF and the other three samples, with LAF giving the lowest rancid odour.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Development changes of anthocyanins in Vitis vinifera grapes grown in the Douro Valley and concentration in respective wines
Authors: Mateus Nuno , Machado José M , de Freitas Víctor 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGrapes of Touriga Nacional and Touriga Francesa red Vitis vinifera varieties have been sampled from two vineyard sites at different altitudes during three consecutive vintage years (1997, 1998 and 1999) in the Douro Valley. The total anthocyanidin monoglucosides (AMGs) detected by HPLC/DAD and the red colour of grape skin extracts were monitored during the last month of maturation. Microvinifications were performed with the grapes studied and the resulting Port wines were analysed. Malvidin 3‐glucoside and its acylated esters were the major AMGs irrespective of cultivar at harvest date. Vineyard altitude, together with other variables, was found to be an important factor contributing to the amount of anthocyanin compounds found in grapes of Touriga Nacional and Touriga Francesa. Overall, the climatic conditions observed at higher vineyard sites appeared to be advantageous, resulting in larger amounts of AMGs in grapes. The same outcome was obtained in the resulting wines, which showed higher levels of AMGs when made from grapes grown at higher altitude, especially for Touriga Francesa.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Digestive utilisation of protein and amino acids from raw and heated lentils by growing rats
Authors: Porres Jesús M , Urbano Gloria , Fernández‐Fígares Ignacio , Prieto Carlos , Pérez Luis , Aguilera José F 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of autoclave treatment on the digestive utilisation of protein and amino acids from lentils was studied in growing rats. Twenty 3‐week‐old Wistar rats (mean live weight 59 ± 4.8 g) were fed two experimental diets (n = 10 rats per diet) consisting of raw lentils (Lens culinaris M, var vulgaris, cv magda‐20) (diet RL) or lentils autoclaved at 120 °C and 1 atm for 30 min (diet AL). An additional group of 10 animals was fed a low‐protein (4%) diet and used to estimate metabolic nitrogen and amino acid excretion. Autoclaving caused a 76% reduction in the levels of trypsin inhibitor activity, but failed to improve the faecal digestive utilisation of protein or total amino acids. Lowest essential amino acid true digestibility in diets RL and AL was found for cysteine (60.2 vs 60.1%) and methionine (68.9 vs 66.6%). The protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score was 71.2 and 66.4% and the availability of sulphur amino acid‐corrected amino acid score was 57.1 and 52.1% for diets RL and AL respectively. Sulphur amino acids were the first limiting ones. Overall, autoclave treatment did not improve protein or total amino acid digestibility from lentils, but caused a significant improvement in leucine and lysine digestibility and a significant decrease in the digestive utilisation of tyrosine and methionine.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Acute remote ischemic preconditioning II: The role of nitric oxide
Authors: Küntscher Markus V. , Kastell Thomas , Altmann Jens , Menke Henrik , Gebhard Martha Maria , Germann Günter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the mechanism of acute “classic” as well as acute remote ischemic preconditioning (IP). Thirty‐two male Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups. The rat cremaster flap in vivo microscopy model was used for assessment of ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the control group (CG, n = 8), a 2‐hr flap ischemia was induced after preparation of the cremaster muscle. The animals of group NO (n = 6) received 500 nmol/kg of the NO‐donor spermine/nitric oxide complex (Sper/NO) intravenously 30 min prior to ischemia. The group LN + P (L‐NAME + preclamping, n = 6) received 10 mg/kg Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) intravenously before preclamping of the flap pedicle (10‐min cycle length, 30‐min reperfusion). L‐NAME (10 mg/kg) was administered in group LN + T (L‐NAME + tourniquet, n = 6) before ischemia of the right hindlimb was induced, using a tourniquet for 10 min after flap elevation. The limb was then reperfused for 30 min. Thereafter, flap ischemia was induced in each group as in group CG. In vivo microscopy was performed after 1 hr of flap reperfusion in each animal. Group NO demonstrated a significantly higher red blood cell velocity (RBV) in the first‐order arterioles and capillaries, a higher capillary flow, and a decreased number of leukocytes adhering to the endothelium (stickers) of the postcapillary venules by comparison to all other groups (P < 0.05). The average capillary RBV and capillary flow were still higher in the CG than in the groups receiving L‐NAME (P < 0.05). The data show that NO plays an important role in the mechanism of both acute “classic” as well as acute remote IP, since the administration of a NO‐donor previous to ischemia simulates the effect of IP, whereas the nonspecific blocking of NO synthesis by L‐NAME abolishes the protective effect of flap preconditioning. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:227‐231 2002
Superficial or deep implantation of motor nerve after denervation: An experimental study—superficial or deep implantation of motor nerve
Authors: Askar Ibrahi̇m , Sabuncuoglu Bi̇zden Tavi̇l 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeurorraphy, conventional nerve grafting technique, and artificial nerve conduits are not enough for repair in severe injuries of peripheral nerves, especially when there is separation of motor nerve from muscle tissue. In these nerve injuries, reinnervation is indicated for neurotization. The distal end of a peripheral nerve is divided into fascicles and implanted into the aneural zone of target muscle tissue. It is not known how deeply fascicles should be implanted into muscle tissue. A comparative study of superficial and deep implantation of separated motor nerve into muscle tissue is presented in the gastrocnemius muscle of rabbits. In this experimental study, 30 white New Zealand rabbits were used and divided into 3 groups of 10 rabbits each. In the first group (controls, group I), only surgical exposure of the gastrocnemius muscle and motor nerve (tibial nerve) was done without any injury to nerves. In the superficial implantation group (group II), tibial nerves were separated and divided into their own fascicles. These fascicles were implanted superficially into the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle‐aneural zone. In the deep implantation group (group III), the tibial nerves were separated and divided into their own fascicles. These fascicles were implanted around the center of the muscle mass, into the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle‐aneural zone. Six months later, histopathological changes and functional recovery of the gastrocnemius muscle were investigated. Both experimental groups had less muscular weight than in the control group. It was found that functional recovery was achieved in both experimental groups, and was better in the superficial implantation group than the deep implantation group. EMG recordings revealed that polyphasic and late potentials were frequently seen in both experimental groups. Degeneration and regeneration of myofibrils were observed in both experimental groups. New motor end‐plates were formed in a scattered manner in both experimental groups. However, they were more dense in the superficial implantation group than the deep implantation group. It was concluded that superficial implantation has a more powerful contractile capacity than that of deep implantation. We believe that this might arise from the high activity of glycolytic enzymes in peripheral muscle fibers of gastrocnemius muscle, decrease in insufficient intramuscular guidance apparatus, and intramuscular microneuroma formation at the insufficient neuromuscular junction since the motor nerve had less route to muscle fibers. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:242–248 2002
Numerical simulation of the fracture process in cutting heterogeneous brittle material
Authors: Liu H. Y. , Kou S. Q. , Lindqvist P.‐A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe process of cutting homogeneous soft material has been investigated extensively. However, there are not so many studies on cutting heterogeneous brittle material. In this paper, R‐T2D (Rock and Tool interaction), based on the rock failure process analysis model, is developed to simulate the fracture process in cutting heterogeneous brittle material. The simulated results reproduce the process involved in the fragmentation of rock or rock‐like material under mechanical tools: the build‐up of the stress field, the formation of the crushed zone, surface chipping, and the formation of the crater and subsurface cracks. Due to the inclusion of heterogeneity in the model, some new features in cutting brittle material are revealed. Firstly, macroscopic cracks sprout at the two edges of the cutter in a tensile mode. Then with the tensile cracks releasing the confining pressure, the rock in the initially high confining pressure zone is compressed into failure and the crushed zone gradually comes into being. The cracked zone near the crushed zone is always available, which makes the boundary of the crushed zone vague. Some cracks propagate to form chipping cracks and some dip into the rock to form subsurface cracks. The chipping cracks are mainly driven to propagate in a tensile mode or a mixed tensile and shear mode, following curvilinear paths, and finally intersect with the free surface to form chips. According to the simulated results, some qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed. It is found that the back rake angle of the cutter has an important effect on the cutting efficiency. Although the quantitative analysis needs more research work, it is not difficult to see the promise that the numerical method holds. It can be utilized to improve our understanding of tool–rock interaction and rock failure mechanisms under the action of mechanical tools, which, in turn, will be useful in assisting the design of fragmentation equipment and fragmentation operations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MAP kinase activation and apoptosis in lung tissues from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Yoshida Koichiro , Kuwano Kazuyoshi , Hagimoto Naoki , Watanabe Kentaro , Matsuba Tokuji , Fujita Masaki , Inoshima Ichiro , Hara Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree major MAP kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase (p38 MAPK), are involved in the regulation of lung inflammation and injury. This study investigated whether MAPKs are activated and associated with lung injury in lung tissues from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The expression of the active ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK was examined using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry and apoptosis was also examined by the TUNEL method, in lung tissues from ten patients with IPF obtained by thoracoscopic biopsy and in eight normal lung parenchyma specimens obtained by lobectomy for lung cancer. Activated MAPKs are significantly increased in lung homogenates from patients with IPF compared with controls. Activated ERK in epithelial and endothelial cells, but not in fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells, was decreased, accompanied by the progression of fibrosis. Activated JNK in epithelial and endothelial cells, but not in fibroblasts, was increased, accompanied by the progression of fibrosis. Activated p38 MAPK in epithelial, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts was increased at the intermediate stage of fibrosis, in which the TUNEL‐positive cells were predominantly detected. This is the first study to suggest that MAPKs may be associated with the regulation of inflammation and lung injury in IPF. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.