bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of association between low calf circumference, adjusted or not for adiposity, and ICU mortality in critically ill adults: A secondary analysis of a cohort study
Authors: Bernardes Simone , Stello Bruna Barbosa , Milanez Danielle Silla Jobim , Razzera Elisa Loch , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite its correlation with skeletal muscle mass and its predictive value for adverse outcomes in clinical settings, calf circumference is a metric underexplored in intensive care. We aimed to determine whether adjusting low calf circumference for adiposity provides prognostic value superior to its unadjusted measurement for intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and other clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.MethodsIn a secondary analysis of a cohort study across five ICUs, we assessed critically ill patients within 24 h of ICU admission. We adjusted calf circumference for body mass index (BMI) (25–29.9, 30–39.9, and ≥40) by subtracting 3, 7, or 12 cm from it, respectively. Values ≤34 cm for men and ≤33 cm for women identified low calf circumference.ResultsWe analyzed 325 patients. In the primary risk‐adjusted analysis, the ICU death risk was similar between the low and preserved calf circumference (BMI‐adjusted) groups (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.47–1.73). Low calf circumference (unadjusted) increased the odds of ICU readmission 2.91 times (95% CI, 1.40–6.05). Every 1‐cm increase in calf circumference as a continuous variable reduced ICU readmission odds by 12%. Calf circumference showed no significant association with other clinical outcomes.ConclusionBMI‐adjusted calf circumference did not exhibit independent associations with ICU and in‐hospital death, nor with ICU and in‐hospital length of stay, compared with its unadjusted measurement. However, low calf circumference (unadjusted and BMI‐adjusted) was independently associated with ICU readmission, mainly when analyzed as a continuous variable.
High protein intake and nitrogen balance in patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Pelekhaty Stacy L. , Peiffer Meredith , Leibowitz Joshua L. , Tabatabai Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective cohort study sought to describe the ability of high protein regimens to achieve nitrogen equilibrium in patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO).MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years with a documented nitrogen balance study (NB) on VV ECMO between February 2018 and December 2021 were included. Studies with incomplete 24‐h urine collections or changes in blood urea nitrogen ≥10 mg/dl were excluded. Data were summarized, correlation between first NB and potentially contributing variables was assessed with Kendall tau. Subanalysis described findings after stratifying for weight class (obese vs nonobese) and duration of VV ECMO at the time of NB.ResultsA total of 68 NBs in 30 patients were included; 47% of the cohort had obesity. The number of NBs per patient was 2.2 ± 1.1, which were completed on a median of 31.5 (interquartile range: 16, 53.8) days receiving ECMO. Nitrogen equilibrium or positive balance was achieved in 72% of studies despite elevated nitrogen excretion. Patients received 87.9 ± 16.8% of prescribed protein on NB days for average intakes of 2.4 ± 0.4 g/kg of actual weight per day and 2.4 ± 0.5 g/kg of ideal weight per day in patients without and with obesity. Median NB in patients without obesity was −1.46 (−8.96, 2.98) g/day and −0.21 (−10.58, 4.04) g/day in patients with obesity. A difference in median NB after stratification for timing was observed (P = 0.029).ConclusionNitrogen equilibrium can be achieved with high protein intake in adults receiving VV ECMO. NB monitoring is one tool to individualize protein prescriptions throughout the course of VV ECMO.
Research on temperature and pressure interference in photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection
Authors: Ye Weilin , Luo Wenxuan , Liu Weihao , Xiao Jingsong , Ye Ruibing , Lin Qi , Li Qinhui , Deng Lei , Li Quanjie , Niu Xiaodong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a highly sensitive optical detection technique for trace gases. However, PAS is sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature and pressure during actual measurement. In this paper, we study the interference characteristics of temperature and pressure in PAS gas detection. The influence of pressure and temperature on PAS is theoretically analyzed based on the basic principle of gas photoacoustic spectroscopy. The effect of different pressure and temperature conditions on the resonance frequency and signal amplitude of PAS is studied through COMSOL software simulation and validated through experiments. Results show that changes in temperature and pressure will affect the resonance frequency and signal amplitude of PAS, thereby impacting the system's sensitivity and accuracy. To reduce the impact of temperature on the PAS sensor, a temperature compensation model was derived based on experimental analysis. Real‐time temperature detection is used to compensate for the photoacoustic signal based on temperature changes, which can improve the accuracy and stability of photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection. For 5% CO2, the photoacoustic signal and experimental temperature data were measured for 3612 s, and after temperature compensation, the detection limit was 0.0192% at an integration time of 365 s, which is 0.0128% higher than before temperature compensation. The system's normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient is 3.30 × 10−8 cm−1 WHz−1/2. This research improves the accuracy and reliability of photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection technology and provides useful references for temperature correction in similar gas detection fields.
Cannabis use in the United States and its impact on gastrointestinal health
Authors: Alshaarawy Omayma , Balasubramanian Gokulakrishnan , Venkatesan Thangam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the legalization and social acceptability of cannabis use have increased in the United States. Concurrently, the prevalence of cannabis use has continued to rise, and cannabis products have diversified. There are growing concerns regarding the health effects of regular and high‐potency cannabis use, and new research has shed light on its potentially negative effects. Here, we review evidence of the gastrointestinal (GI) effects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system might contribute to various GI disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome and cyclic vomiting syndrome, and endocannabinoids have been found to regulate visceral sensation, nausea, vomiting, and the gut microbiome. Cannabis has been shown to have antiemetic properties, and the US Food and Drug Administration has approved cannabis‐based medications for treating chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Yet, chronic heavy cannabis use has been linked to recurrent episodes of severe nausea and intractable vomiting (cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome). Given the considerable heterogeneity in the scientific literature, it is unclear if cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is truly a distinct entity or a subtype of cyclic vomiting that is unmasked by heavy cannabis use and the associated dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system. The changes in cannabis legalization, availability, and public risk perceptions have outpaced research in this area and there is a need for robust, prospective, large‐scale studies to understand the effects of cannabis use on GI health.
Moral distress and moral sensitivity in clinical nurses
Authors: Kovanci Mustafa Sabri , Atli Özbaş Azize 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHealth care providers are expected to have a certain moral sensitivity (MS) to make an ethical assessment. Moral distress (MD) is a common phenomenon in nursing. It can negatively affect nurses physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MD and MS among nurses using a cross‐sectional descriptive design. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was a methodological study that analyzed validity and reliability of the Measure of MD—Healthcare Professionals. The second stage was a descriptive‐ predictive analysis that investigated the relationship between MD and MS. The MD intensity and frequency scores of the participants were high and moderately high, respectively. There was no direct effect on the total score and frequency of MS and MD. However, a direct and significant negative effect of MS was seen on the intensity of MD. Based on the results of this study, MS should be considered as a measure in studies aimed at understanding MD among clinical nurses. Empowerment programs should be established to increase the awareness of health workers about ethical and moral situations and to support them to cope with the problems they experience in these areas.
Controlled polymerization in microfluidics: Advancement in nanogel synthesis
Authors: Pandey Tejasvi , Sharma Aditi , Sandhu Anuradha , Pandey Vivek 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis comprehensive review provides a detailed examination of controlled polymerization in the development of nanogels‐based microfluidic devices. Here, we have explored the integration of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) techniques within microfluidic platforms for the synthesis of nanogels. The synergistic combination of ATRP and RAFT with microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool for precise control over polymerization reactions, enabling the fabrication of well‐defined, multifunctional nanogels with tailored properties. The review begins with a thorough introduction to the principles of ATRP and RAFT, highlighting their respective advantages in controlled radical polymerization. Subsequently, it elucidates the principles of microfluidics and its profound impact on polymerization processes. The merging of these techniques enables precise control over reaction kinetics, monomer conversions, and molecular weight distributions, facilitating the synthesis of nanogels with unprecedented precision and reproducibility. Furthermore, this review delves into the chemical mechanisms underlying ATRP and RAFT reactions in microfluidic environments, emphasizing the role of various initiators, catalysts, and chain transfer agents. Special attention is given to the impact of microscale flow conditions on reaction kinetics and polymer structure. In addition, the review discusses emerging trends in the field, such as the incorporation of novel monomers and the exploration of environmentally benign reaction conditions.Highlights
The controlled polymerization is the mechanism by which we can obtain tailormade material.
The nanogel synthesis must ensure the gelation to be in confined dimensions here microfluidics plays key role.
Synthesis and aggregation behavior of poly(5‐alkyl‐2,3‐thiophene)‐based diblock copolymers
Authors: Jiang Yongkang , Zhao Qingqing , Liu Xiaofeng , Peng Juan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite impressive advances achieved in poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) and P3AT‐based block copolymers (BCPs), the investigation into their ortho‐connected systems, poly(5‐alkylthiophene)s (P5ATs) and P5AT‐based BCPs is rather limited. Moreover, the aggregation behavior of P5ATs and their BCPs remains largely less understood. Herein, we report, for the first time, the judicious design and synthesis of a family of poly(5‐butylthiophene)‐block‐poly(5‐hexylthiophene) (P5BT‐b‐P5HT) BCPs with adjustable block ratios and reveal the effects of block ratios and thermal annealing process on their aggregated structures. Moreover, the optical properties of P5BT‐b‐P5HT BCPs have been investigated, which differs greatly from P3ATs. Overall, this work offers valuable insight into the aggregation and optical properties of P5AT‐based BCPs, strengthening our fundamental understanding of ortho‐connected P5AT systems.
Vibrations and buckling of triangular graphene sheet in polymer matrix
Authors: Mazur Olga , Awrejcewicz Jan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe work is devoted to the study of vibrations and buckling of a graphene sheet (GS) with the shape of a right triangle, and embedded in a nonlinear polymer matrix. The research is based on the nonlocal elasticity theory and the application of the Bubnov‐Galerkin method. Due to the influence of the polymer surrounding, the study of vibrations is reduced to the analysis of a nonlinear cubic ordinary differential equation considering small‐scale effects. The nonlocal buckling problem for the triangular GS under in‐plane uniform compression is investigated including the finding of critical buckling load and the post‐buckling behaviour determined by the nonlinear medium effect.
On the Forchheimer‐extended Darcy‐Brinkman flow through a thin fracture
Authors: Pažanin Igor , Radulović Marko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the flow through a thin fracture filled with fluid‐saturated sparsely packed porous medium. The problem is described by the Forchheimer extended Darcy‐Brinkman model incorporating the quadratic drag term as a result of the inertial effects. Employing asymptotic analysis with respect to the fracture's thickness, we derive the higher‐order approximation for the velocity and pressure distribution explicitly acknowledging the Forchheimer (inertial) term. We provide numerical example as well and perform a rigorous error analysis to indicate the order of accuracy of the proposed approximate solution.
Community Level Slope Disaster Risk Reduction Program through Multi-Scale Mapping by Mountain Ethnic Group in Northern Vietnam: Project Study by JICA/Lao Cai DARD/ITST
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Kim , Miyagi Toyohiko , Huy Ta Cong , Hamasaki Eisaku , Van Tien Dinh , Kasuya Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent advances in remote sensing have been remarkable, not only in terms of technology but also in terms of operability and price. Ethnic minorities in the mountains have historically barely survived repeated disasters. As a result, they are still living in an environment with a high risk of landslide disasters. Although the economic conditions of these residents deter their efforts to find engineering solutions to mitigate potential landslide disasters, they can adequately assess the regional conditions daily. By combining their abundant but fragmental knowledge of landslide disasters with our “Site Prediction Technology of Mapping,” we are trying to develop a local community that can avoid disasters and ensures their safety.This project focuses on mountainous areas in northern Vietnam and is a collaborative effort among Vietnamese and Japanese engineers, local governments, and international organizations. We have begun to present ALOS World 3D (AW3D) data and data acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to residents and use them for disaster prevention and evacuation drills. This mapping process is called Communication Based Evacuation Mapping (CBEM). Despite Japan’s long history of using maps to prevent disasters, it is rare for residents to use them actively, as having an engineer make and publish a map will not lead to its use by the residents. This paper introduces a series of measures taken from the creation of maps to the engagement of residents in slope disaster risk reduction.
Protection and Conservation of Georgian Rupestrian Cultural Heritage Sites: A Review
Authors: Frodella William , Gigli Giovanni , Spizzichino Daniele , Margottini Claudio , Elashvili Mikheil , Casagli Nicola 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany of the Georgian cultural heritage sites consist of rupestrian monastic complexes constructed between the sixth and the 12th centuries of exceptional universal value from a historical, cultural, and natural point of view. Many of them are affected by hydrogeological problems and require the planning of an effective risk mitigation strategy. This planning would help not only to preserve invaluable cultural heritage sites but also to enhance Georgia as an important tourist destination and improve the local economy. This paper aims to show an overview on the last decade’s activities coordinated by the National Agency for the Preservation of Georgian Cultural Heritage (NAGPCH) for the conservation of Georgian cultural heritage, thanks to the collaboration between national and international centers of research.
Zonation of Landslide Susceptibility in the Gipuzkoa Province (Spain): An Application of LAND-SUITE
Authors: Bornaetxea Txomin , Rossi Mauro , Reichenbach Paola 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the past 50 years, a large variety of statistically based models and methods for landslide susceptibility zonation have been proposed in the literature. The numerous methods, applicable to a large range of spatial scales, use several input thematic data, different model combinations and various approaches to evaluate the model performance. In the literature, only few articles describe tools that apply statistically based approaches for the susceptibility evaluation. This paper describes and illustrates, through an example in the Gipuzkoa province (Spain), the use of LAND-SUITE, a tool for the statistically based landslide susceptibility zonation. The application aims to show how LAND-SUITE provides utilities to: (i) support the user for the input data preparation; (ii) perform preliminary and exploratory analysis of the available data; (iii) test different combinations of variables and select the optimal thematic/explanatory set; (iv) test different model types and their combinations; and (v) evaluate the model performance and uncertainty. The suite showed high flexibility and allowed to perform different susceptibility applications, with diversified training/validation datasets partitions and validation tests. Given its specifications, LAND-SUITE can be easily applied elsewhere to perform similar studies but also to explore other landslide susceptibility applications.
Landslide Monitoring with RADARSAT Constellation Mission InSAR, RPAS-Derived Point-Clouds and RTK-GNSS Time-Series in the Thompson River Valley, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Huntley David , Rotheram-Clarke Drew , MacLeod Roger , Cocking Robert , Joseph Jamel , LeSueur Philip 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of four land-deformation measurement techniques for monitoring slow-moving landslides along a high-risk section of the national railway corridor traversing the Thompson River valley, British Columbia, Canada. The geomorphically active North Slide acts as an ideal field laboratory for testing and evaluating novel monitoring techniques and methods. We compare differential processing of Structure from Motion (SfM) products such as point-cloud elevation models and orthophotos derived from Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), along with satellite based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) deformation measurements derived from RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM). These results are ground-truthed with periodic real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements. We evaluate point-cloud comparison techniques, including the multi-scale model-to-model cloud comparison (M3C2) algorithm and digital ortho image correlation techniques. Multi-temporal RCM InSAR deformation measurements are processed using a semi-automated processing system for interferogram generation and unwrapping. Manual processing of small baseline subsets (SBAS) leads to the recovery of 1-dimensional line-of-sight (LoS) and 2-dimensional deformation measurements. Lastly, we discuss the strengths and limitations of these techniques, considerations for interpreting their outputs, and considerations for direct comparisons between InSAR, RPAS and RTK-GNSS deformation measurements.
Sliding-Surface Liquefaction and Undrained Steady-State Shear-Strength
Authors: Sassa Kyoji , Doan Loi , Dang Khang , Tien Pham 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe sliding-surface liquefaction (SSL) is one of the most important concepts to understand and reduce rapid landslide disaster risk. SSL occurs even in dense sandy layers. SSL is caused by a series of phenomena, 1) grain-crushing due to shearing under overburden pressure in the shear zone, 2) volume reduction in the shear zone, 3) generation of high pore-water pressure in the shear zone, and 4) liquefaction of the shear zone material.After SSL, a mass of soil layer above the liquified sliding surface moves at high speed. Motion of sandy layer above the liquified sliding-surface was physically simulated under the corresponding normal stress by the undrained stress-control ring-shear apparatus. The shear stress acting on the sliding-surface and the generated pore pressure near the sliding surface are monitored. After failure, shear strength mobilized on the shear zone decreases by the effects of increased pore-water pressure, then, the shear strength working on the shear surface together with the generated pore pressure reaches a certain constant value which is the undrained steady-state shear-strength (USS). After reaching to USS, only shear displacement is increased without any change of shear stress and pore pressure. It is a common feature of rapid and long-travelling landslides which poses a high risk to people living in/near slopes.
Use of GIS to Assess Susceptibility per Landform Unit to Gravitational Processes and their Volume
Authors: Paulín Gabriel Legorreta , Alanís-Anaya Rocío Marisol , Arana-Salinas Lilia , Parrot Jean-François , Castro-Miguel Rutilio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLandslide susceptibility per landform unit and its potential contribution of material was calculated for a 105 km2 watershed on the south flank of Pico de Orizaba volcano, Mexico. More than six hundred landslides were mapped and grouped into landform units. Fifteen landform units were derived from fieldwork, aerial photo interpretation, land use, and morphometric parameters. For each landform, landslide susceptibility was calculated from the area and frequency of landslides. Volume calculation used a surface area-volume power law from geometric values of shallow landslides. Support by Geographic Information Systems created a comprehensive method. Although most landslides were in volcanic landform units, those in sedimentary units contributed more sediment per square kilometer. The study shows that landform units can be used to explain the predisposition and variability of landslide sediment production for a large and complex geological watershed.
Identification and Mitigation of Reservoir Landslides: Cases Studied in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China
Authors: Tang Huiming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReservoir landslides are one of the most common types of geohazards in reservoir areas. It is of great theoretical significance and engineering application value to carry out the identification and mitigation research of them. In the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA), a series of studies were conducted on the reservoir landslides in aspects of their characteristics, evolution mechanisms, prevention and control, and forecasting by means of field investigation, monitoring and in-situ experiment, etc. Massive corpora of these research work are summarized and presented here in five aspects, with the goal of gaining insights into the effective prevention and mitigation of them: (1) the characteristics of the reservoir landslides located in the TGRA were summarized; (2) the stability evaluation methods of reservoir landslide include qualitative, limit equilibrium methods, numerical simulation methods and probabilistic methods were introduced; (3) the in-situ experiment on slipping zone soil of reservoir landslides carried out on the Huangtupo landslide was described; (4) the research progresses in reservoir landslide prevention and control was introduced; (5) the prospects of reservoir landslides forecasting based on physical-mechanical mechanism was elaborated. Based on the overview, suggests topics for future research are given to address the remaining challenges of reservoir landslides.