bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon emission risk and corporate employment creation: Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment based on the Paris Agreement
Authors: Cheng Bo , Ma Yuye , Lu Shiyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnder a difference‐in‐difference model, this paper takes China's signing of the Paris Agreement in 2016 as a quasi‐natural experimental event to identify the impact of carbon emission risks on a firm's employment creation and its mechanism. The results show that after this event, the employment creation level of high carbon emission risk firms has significantly increased by about 2.19% compared with that of low carbon emission firms. Moreover, increasing green technology innovation and attracting analysts' attention are two underlying channels. Furthermore, the carbon emission risk significantly improves firms' performance through the employment creation channel and makes the managers more optimistic.
Topology optimization of stability‐constrained structures with simple/multiple eigenvalues
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Khandelwal Kapil , Guo Tong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work focuses on topology optimization formulations with linear buckling constraints wherein eigenvalues of arbitrary multiplicities can be canonically considered. The non‐differentiability of multiple eigenvalues is addressed by a mean value function which is a symmetric polynomial of the repeated eigenvalues in each cluster. This construction offers accurate control over each cluster of eigenvalues as compared to the aggregation functions such as ‐norm and Kreisselmeier–Steinhauser (K–S) function where only approximate maximum/minimum value is available. This also avoids the two‐loop optimization procedure required by the use of directional derivatives (Seyranian et al. Struct Optim. 1994;8(4):207‐227.). The spurious buckling modes issue is handled by two approaches—one with different interpolations on the initial stiffness and geometric stiffness and another with a pseudo‐mass matrix. Using the pseudo‐mass matrix, two new optimization formulations are proposed for incorporating buckling constraints together with the standard approach employing initial stiffness and geometric stiffness as two ingredients within generalized eigenvalue frameworks. Numerical results show that all three formulations can help to improve the stability of the optimized design. In addition, post‐nonlinear stability analysis on the optimized designs reveals that a higher linear buckling threshold might not lead to a higher nonlinear critical load, especially in cases when the pre‐critical response is nonlinear.
Liquid metal‐elastomer composites for water‐resilient soft electronics
Authors: Barron Edward J. , Williams Ella T. , Wilcox Brittan T. , Ho Dong Hae , Bartlett Michael D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiquid metal‐elastomer composites have immense potential for emerging electronic applications due to their exceptional mechanical and functional properties. Underwater exploration is one area of interest for these composites, where divers or robots could benefit from wearable sensing, health monitoring, and energy harvesting. However, the influence of water submersion on liquid metal composites is not well understood. Here, the effect of underwater environments on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of liquid metal composites exposed to month‐long aging is quantified. Under most conditions, liquid metal composites maintain their initial properties over the course of aging. However, for composites with high volume loadings of liquid metal ( = 80%) exposed to saltwater conditions, a decrease up to 70% in tensile modulus and up to 44% in thermal conductivity can occur. The aging environments were not shown to have an effect on the electrical conductivity of the composites. Liquid metal composites are then shown to outperform traditional copper electrodes after saltwater aging, demonstrating these soft, multifunctional composites as strong candidates for wearable, water‐resistant devices and machines.
Secondary structure and toxicity of lysozyme fibrils are determined by the length and unsaturation of phosphatidic acid
Authors: Ali Abid , Zhaliazka Kiryl , Holman Aidan P. , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA progressive aggregation of misfolded proteins is a hallmark of numerous pathologies including diabetes Type 2, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. As a result, highly toxic protein aggregates, which are known as amyloid fibrils, are formed. A growing body of evidence suggests that phospholipids can uniquely alter the secondary structure and toxicity of amyloid aggregates. However, the role of phosphatidic acid (PA), a unique lipid that is responsible for cell signaling and activation of lipid‐gated ion channels, in the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of the length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids (FAs) in PA in the structure and toxicity of lysozyme fibrils formed in the presence of this lipid. We found that both the length and saturation of FAs in PA uniquely altered the secondary structure of lysozyme fibrils. However, these structural differences in PA caused very little if any changes in the morphology of lysozyme fibrils. We also utilized cell toxicity assays to determine the extent to which the length and degree of unsaturation of FAs in PA altered the toxicity of lysozyme fibrils. We found that amyloid fibrils formed in the presence of PA with C18:0 FAs exerted significantly higher cell toxicity compared to the aggregates formed in the presence of PA with C16:0 and C18:1 FAs. These results demonstrated that PA can be an important player in the onset and spread of amyloidogenic diseases.
Numerical simulation of clogging of two types of emitters with similar properties
Authors: Ouarriche Hamza , El Bouhali Mohamed , Bouisfi Firdaouss , Bouziane Abdelkhalek , Zouine Ahmed , Assoudi Redouane , Chaoui Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe benefits of drip irrigation are numerous and include water savings, control of fertilizer applications, and improved water and energy use efficiency of irrigation. In these systems, the emitter is the most vulnerable component to clogging, which in critical states can cause a reduction in performance and shorten the life of the distribution system. It can also have several impacts on water, its economy, and its wastage. In the absence of adequate filtration and when the flow is through the narrow labyrinth channel of the emitter, clogging can be created by continuous deposition of solid particles, organic matter, dissolved salts, chemical precipitates, bacteria, and other impurities. It is obvious that it is impossible to physically visualize the hydraulic behavior of the flowing water in the labyrinths. However, due to the increasing performance of computational tools and simulation software, it is possible to simulate this flow through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which has become one of the main techniques for describing the flow and deposition of the solid phase inside the emitter. This study aims to numerically simulate the behavior and the flow of the fluid inside two emitters, widely used in the industry, with different types but approximately identical flow rates. The fluid takes in its flow an inert solid suspension of fixed concentration. One of the emitters is compensating‐pressure, and the other is non‐compensating‐pressure; the numerical simulation model used is the RNG κ‐ε two‐phase model. The results showed that the regions affected by clogging are mainly the corners of the labyrinth channel and the recirculation vortex zones. The trajectory field plot reveals that as the clogging increases, the serpentine fluid threads become thinner.
Aviation Certification Powered by the Semantic Web Stack
Authors: Cuddihy Paul , Russell Daniel , Mertens Eric , Siu Kit , Archer Dave , Williams Jenny 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEvery deployed DoD system undergoes certification (or qualification, for military) to assess the software system’s fitness for use. Certification requires that human subject matter expert look over evidence and evaluate its conformance to standards such as DO-178C or the Risk Management Framework (RMF). Current practices are not keeping pace with the ever-increasing size of software systems and the amount of evidence required for their certification. This problem is further exasperated when platforms are comprised of systems of systems developed by multiple suppliers, each providing data generated by different tools, in different formats, and captured with different granularity. We demonstrate the application of W3C Semantic web technologies to perform efficient evidence curation under a military research program. This tech stack offers the right solutions for integrating data from heterogeneous sources and for performing graph-traversal queries across data that changes at a regular frequency.
The use of dual mobility cups in revision total hip arthroplasty for failed large head metal-on-metal bearings
Authors: Meriem Samir , Antoniadis Alexander , Palazzuolo Michele , Wegrzyn Julien 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Revision of failed large head metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a challenging procedure particularly to reconstruct acetabular bone defect due to osteolysis and to achieve hip stability due to soft tissue damages, both potentially caused by adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD). This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of dual mobility cup (DMC) constructs in revision THA for failed large head MoM bearings with a special attention to the occurrence of dislocation or re-revision.

Methods
Between 2015 and 2019, 57 patients (64 THAs, 41 men, mean age = 65 ± 10 years) underwent revision for MoM THA with the use of DMC were prospectively included in our total joint registry. Mean time to revision was 11 ± 2.5 years. The causes for revision were adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) in 49 THAs (76%), painful hip with elevated blood cobalt-chromium ions in seven (11%), and acetabular aseptic loosening in eight (13%). The revision was complete in 22 THAs (34%) and acetabular only in 42 (66%). Clinical and radiographic outcomes, complications, and re-revisions were evaluated at most recent follow-up.

Results
At mean follow-up of six ± 1.5 years, the pre- to postoperative Harris Hip Score improved from 74 ± 19 to 92 ± 4 (p = 0.004). Complications occurred in 11 cases (17%): five dislocations (8%), three periprosthetic infections (5%), two aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (3%), and two periprosthetic fractures (3%). Re-revision was required in six cases (9%).

Conclusion
The use of DMC is a reliable option to prevent instability and ensure a stable acetabular reconstruction in revision THA for failed large head MoM bearings. However, dislocation after revision remains a concern, particularly in cases of severe soft tissue damage related to ARMD.
Can effective porosity be used to estimate near-well protection zones in fractured chalk?
Authors: Kidmose Jacob , Nilsson Bertel , Klem Niels Korsholm , Pedersen Philip Grinder , Henriksen Hans Jørgen , Sonnenborg Torben O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtection of fractured carbonate aquifers is often based on a single-porosity description of a dual-porosity system. However, it is difficult to assess a trustworthy value of the effective porosity based on scientific principles; thus, a range of estimates is often suggested. The complexity of the problem is compounded by the fact that the effective porosity may be scale-dependent. This paper investigates whether it is possible to describe solute transport in fractured carbonate rocks with an equivalent porous medium model using a constant value of effective porosity. It is assumed that the dual-porosity model provides an acceptable description of transport mechanisms in fractured porous rock and that it is possible to estimate the parameters needed in the single-porosity models from results generated by the dual-porosity model. The effective porosity is estimated from the dual-porosity results that are used as targets. For Danish chalk, an effective porosity of 13% (11–17%) is estimated. However, it is demonstrated that the estimated effective porosity is only valid at the specific transport time (1 year) from which simulation results of the dual-porosity model were extracted. The effective porosity is shown to increase with travel time until equilibrium conditions are realised between the fractures and matrix, following which, the effective porosity equals the matrix porosity and will maintain this value at larger transport times. Assuming that the dual-porosity model provides a trustworthy description of solute transport in fractured chalk and limestone, a method to estimate the effective porosity of an equivalent porous medium model is presented.
The detrimental impact of high environmental temperature on physiological response, growth, milk production, and reproductive efficiency of ruminants
Authors: Habeeb Alsaied Alnaimy , Osman Samir F. , Teama Fatma E. I. , Gad Ahmed E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe optimal environments for ruminants are air temperatures between 13 and 20 °C, winds between 5 and 18 km/h, humidity levels between 55 and 65%, and a moderate amount of sunlight. In tropical and subtropical regions, climate is the top factor restricting animal growth and reproductive efficiency. The digestive system, blood biochemical components, and hormones all go through a range of physiological changes at high temperatures. Ruminant animals respond to heat stress by drinking more water, breathing more quickly, panting, and raising their rectal temperatures while reducing their activity levels, intake of roughage, and rumination. Blood metabolites and biochemical modifications are negatively impacted by the concentration of blood biochemical components and hormonal levels, particularly those of anabolic hormones, which are decreased as a result of the animals’ exposure to high environmental temperatures. Changes in blood metabolite and hormone levels were influenced by the duration of exposure to high temperatures, the level of background heat, and the species, breed, and age of the animals. The major biological changes caused by heat stress have a negative impact on growth, milk production, and reproduction. Animals subjected to high environmental temperatures also undergo reductions in feed intake and feed efficiency. These changes eventually impair ruminant reproduction and production abilities.
Structurally Unstable Quadratic Vector Fields of Codimension Two: Families Possessing One Finite Saddle-Node and a Separatrix Connection
Authors: Artés Joan C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper is part of a series of works whose ultimate goal is the complete classification of phase portraits of quadratic differential systems in the plane modulo limit cycles. It is estimated that the total number may be around 2000, so the work to find them all must be split in different papers in a systematic way so to assure the completeness of the study and also the non intersection among them. In this paper we classify the family of phase portraits possessing one finite saddle-node and a separatrix connection and determine that there are a minimum of 77 topologically different phase portraits plus at most 16 other phase portraits which we conjecture to be impossible. Along this paper we also deploy a mistake in the book (Artés et al. in Structurally unstable quadratic vector fields of codimension one, Birkhäuser/Springer, Cham, 2018) linked to a mistake in Reyn and Huang (Separatrix configuration of quadratic systems with finite multiplicity three and a$$M^0_{1,1}$$M1,10type of critical point at infinity. Report Technische Universiteit Delft, pp 95–115, 1995).
Effect of Block Size on Bearing Strength of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Fayed Sabry , Madenci Emrah , Özkiliç Yasin Onuralp , Tawfik Taher A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor the safe transmission of loads to concrete supports, such as column-foundations, corbels, bridge pedestals, post-tension members, support anchorages, and other forms of superstructure supports, the concrete bearing strength is considered an essential design parameter. The usage of recycled aggregate within concrete is considered environmentally friendly since it diverts rubbish from bulldozing and preserves natural resources. End-hooked steel fibre is an almost substantial enhancer for recycled aggregate concrete characteristics. Never before has the bearing behavior of recycled aggregate concrete been evaluated. Thus, this study provides an experimental evaluation of the bearing strength of steel fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete at different replacement levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%) of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The used fraction quantities of steel fiber were 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%. Three sizes of blocks were manufactured (100 × 100 × 100 mm, 150 × 150 × 150 mm, and 250 × 250 × 250 mm). The ratio of concrete block area to bearing area (A2/A1) was kept constant at 2.5 for all three block sizes. The primary purpose of this research was to examine the impact of block size on bearing stiffness, ultimate slip, and ultimate bearing strength. The findings demonstrated that the bearing stiffness and bearing strength reduced as the block size increased. To assess the ultimate bearing stiffness/strength and normalised ultimate bearing slip, analytical models were employed to develop new proposed equations that unaccounted for the impact of compressive strength, RCA, reinforcing index of steel fibre, and block size. In addition, this research led to the creation of a modified ACI 318 formula that accurately forecasts the bearing strength of concrete depending on block size.
On heat equations associated with fractional harmonic oscillators
Authors: Bhimani Divyang G. , Manna Ramesh , Nicola Fabio , Thangavelu Sundaram , Trapasso S. Ivan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe establish some fixed-time decay estimates in Lebesgue spaces for the fractional heat propagator $$e^{-tH^{\beta }}$$

e

-
t

H
β

, $$t, \beta >0$$

t
,
β
>
0

, associated with the harmonic oscillator $$H=-\Delta + |x|^2$$

H
=
-
Δ
+

|
x
|

2

. We then prove some local and global wellposedness results for nonlinear fractional heat equations.
Multi-physics Approach to Predict Fatigue Behavior of High Strength Aluminum Alloy Repaired via Additive Friction Stir Deposition
Authors: Palya N. I. , Fraser K. A. , Hong Y. , Zhu N. , Williams M. B. , Doherty K. , Allison P. G. , Jordon J. B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulation of an additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) repair was used to inform a multi-physics approach to predict the fatigue life of a high strength aluminum alloy. The AFSD process is a solid-state layer-by-layer additive manufacturing approach in which a hollow tool containing feedstock is used to deposit material. While an understanding of the evolving microstructures is necessary to predict material performance, the elevated temperatures and strain rates associated with severe plastic deformation processes (SPDP) make accurate collection of experimental data within AFSD difficult. Without the ability to experimentally determine material history within the AFSD process, an SPH model was employed to predict the thermomechanical history. The SPH simulation of an AFSD repair was used to inform several microstructural models to predict material history during and after processing with AFSD and a post-processing heat treatment. These microstructure models are then used to inform a mechanistic microstructure and performance model to predict the fatigue life of an AFSD repair in AA7075.
Tessellation-valued processes that are generated by cell division
Authors: Martínez Servet , Nagel Werner 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProcesses of random tessellations of the Euclidean space
$\mathbb{R}^d$
,
$d\geq 1$
, are considered that are generated by subsequent division of their cells. Such processes are characterized by the laws of the life times of the cells until their division and by the laws for the random hyperplanes that divide the cells at the end of their life times. The STIT (STable with respect to ITerations) tessellation processes are a reference model. In the present paper a generalization concerning the life time distributions is introduced, a sufficient condition for the existence of such cell division tessellation processes is provided, and a construction is described. In particular, for the case that the random dividing hyperplanes have a Mondrian distribution—which means that all cells of the tessellations are cuboids—it is shown that the intrinsic volumes, except the Euler characteristic, can be used as the parameter for the exponential life time distribution of the cells.
The National Legislatures in the Enlargement of Mercosur: Paraguay’s Acceptance of Venezuela and Bolivia
Authors: Araujo André Leite 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTRegional integration blocs are subject to the admission of new members, which must be approved by domestic institutions. This article analyzes how the incorporation of Venezuela and Bolivia into Mercosur passed in the Paraguayan Congress. While the first case lasted from 2007 to 2013, demonstrating parliamentary opposition, the second episode took place between 2015 and 2016, suggesting convergence between the executive and legislative branches on the issue. Using process tracing, the unveiled mechanism shows how government and opposition forces act to alter the duration of the bill in Congress and that political parties have a pendular behavior according to political cleavages. Moreover, the findings of this study suggest the existence of a parliamentary veto power in foreign affairs and the importance of having homogeneous coalitions to achieve faster approvals.
A Case for Description
Authors: Holmes Carolyn E. , Guliford Meg K. , Mendoza-Davé Mary Anne S. , Jurkovich Michelle 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTDescriptive research—work aimed at answering “who,” “what,” “when,” “where,” and “how” questions—is vital at every stage of social scientific inquiry. The creative and analytic process of description—through concepts, measures, or cases, whether in numeric or narrative form—is crucial for conducting research aimed at understanding politics in action. Yet, our field tends to devalue such work as “merely descriptive” (Gerring 2012), subsidiary to or less valuable than hypothesis-drive causal inference. This article posits four key areas in which description contributes to political science: in conceptualization, in policy relevance, in the management and leveraging of data, and in challenging entrenched biases and diversifying our field.