bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Custodiol versus blood cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elmahrouk Ahmed F. , Shihata Mohammad S. , AL-Radi Osman O. , Arafat Amr A. , Altowaity Musleh , Alshaikh Bayan A. , Galal Mohamed N. , Bogis Abdulbadee A. , Al Omar Haneen Y. , Assiri Wesal J. , Jamjoom Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Blood-based cardioplegia is the standard myocardial protection strategy in pediatric cardiac surgery. Custadiol (histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate), an alternative, may have some advantages but is potentially less effective at myocardial protection. This study aimed to test whether custadiol is not inferior to blood-based cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods
The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with a blinded outcome assessment. All pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia, including neonates, were eligible. Emergency surgery was excluded. The primary outcome was a composite of death within 30 days, an ICU stay longer than 5 days, or arrhythmia requiring intervention. Secondary endpoints included total hospital stay, inotropic score, cardiac troponin levels, ventricular function, and extended survival postdischarge. The sample size was determined a priori for a noninferiority design with an expected primary outcome of 40% and a clinical significance difference of 20%.

Results
Between January 2018 and January 2021, 226 patients, divided into the Custodiol cardioplegia (CC) group (n = 107) and the blood cardioplegia (BC) group (n = 119), completed the study protocol. There was no difference in the composite endpoint between the CC and BC groups, 65 (60.75%) vs. 71 (59.66%), respectively (P = 0.87). The total length of stay in the hospital was 14 (Q2–Q3: 10–19) days in the CC group vs. 13 (10–21) days in the BC group (P = 0.85). The inotropic score was not significantly different between the CC and BC groups, 5 (2.6–7.45) vs. 5 (2.6–7.5), respectively (P = 0.82). The cardiac troponin level and ventricular function did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.34 and P = 0.85, respectively). The median duration of follow-up was 32.75 (Q2–Q3: 18.73–41.53) months, and there was no difference in survival between the two groups (log-rank P = 0.55).

Conclusions
Custodial cardioplegia is not inferior to blood cardioplegia for myocardial protection in pediatric patients.
Trial registration The trial was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov, and the ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier number is NCT03082716 Date: 17/03/2017
Validation of the hyperbolic temperament questionnaire in Iran
Authors: Komasi Saeid , Chamandoost Zahra , Vaysi Anis , Amirian Mohadese , Rezaeean Hadis , Hopwood Christopher J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Because of the importance of the cross-cultural study of hyperbolic temperament in increasing knowledge related to borderline personality disorder (BPD), the present study was conducted to test the reliability, construct, criterion, and discriminant validity of the Hyperbolic Temperament Questionnaire (HTQ) in three Iranian samples.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, the HTQ 11-item version translated into Farsi was provided to three selected samples (total N = 558, 72% female, 18 to 77 years old with an average of 30.2 and a standard deviation of 10.3). The samples included non-personality disorder samples (n = 194), samples with BPD symptoms (n = 104), and samples with other personality disorder symptoms (n = 260). Data were collected using multiple validating measurements. Factor analysis was used to verify that the HTQ is unidimensional and correlations and regression models were used to examine its associations with other constructs.

Results
Factor analysis confirmed the single-factor structure of the HTQ in two non-personality disorder and BPD samples. The internal consistency of all items and the total scale were acceptable across the samples (α = 0.87 to 0.91). Positive correlations with maladaptive constructs such as negative affectivity and interpersonal sensitivity and negative correlations with adaptive constructs supported the criterion validity of HTQ. The HTQ was specifically related to borderline symptoms, even after controlling for similar constructs such as depression.

Conclusion
The 11-item version of HTQ has acceptable reliability and validity in Iranian samples. Using this short tool for rapid screening of cases with BPD before common procedures such as clinical interviews helps to save diagnostic time and costs.
Diagnosing and monitoring pancreatic cancer through cell-free DNA methylation: progress and prospects
Authors: García-Ortiz María Victoria , Cano-Ramírez Pablo , Toledano-Fonseca Marta , Aranda Enrique , Rodríguez-Ariza Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging cancers due to its high mortality rates. Considering the late diagnosis and the limited survival benefit with current treatment options, it becomes imperative to optimize early detection, prognosis and prediction of treatment response. To address these challenges, significant research efforts have been undertaken in recent years to develop liquid-biopsy-based biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. In particular, an increasing number of studies point to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation analysis as a promising non-invasive approach for the discovery and validation of epigenetic biomarkers with diagnostic or prognostic potential. In this review we provide an update on recent advancements in the field of cfDNA methylation analysis in pancreatic cancer. We discuss the relevance of DNA methylation in the context of pancreatic cancer, recent cfDNA methylation research, its clinical utility, and future directions for integrating cfDNA methylation analysis into routine clinical practice.
Tumor classification of gastrointestinal liver metastases using CT-based radiomics and deep learning
Authors: Tharmaseelan Hishan , Vellala Abhinay K. , Hertel Alexander , Tollens Fabian , Rotkopf Lukas T. , Rink Johann , Woźnicki Piotr , Ayx Isabelle , Bartling Sönke , Nörenberg Dominik , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Froelich Matthias F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The goal of this study is to demonstrate the performance of radiomics and CNN-based classifiers in determining the primary origin of gastrointestinal liver metastases for visually indistinguishable lesions.

Methods
In this retrospective, IRB-approved study, 31 pancreatic cancer patients with 861 lesions (median age [IQR]: 65.39 [56.87, 75.08], 48.4% male) and 47 colorectal cancer patients with 435 lesions (median age [IQR]: 65.79 [56.99, 74.62], 63.8% male) were enrolled. A pretrained nnU-Net performed automated segmentation of 1296 liver lesions. Radiomics features for each lesion were extracted using pyradiomics. The performance of several radiomics-based machine-learning classifiers was investigated for the lesions and compared to an image-based deep-learning approach using a DenseNet-121. The performance was evaluated by AUC/ROC analysis.

Results
The radiomics-based K-nearest neighbor classifier showed the best performance on an independent test set with AUC values of 0.87 and an accuracy of 0.67. In comparison, the image-based DenseNet-121-classifier reached an AUC of 0.80 and an accuracy of 0.83.

Conclusions
CT-based radiomics and deep learning can distinguish the etiology of liver metastases from gastrointestinal primary tumors. Compared to deep learning, radiomics based models showed a varying generalizability in distinguishing liver metastases from colorectal cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Antifungal bio-coating of endotracheal tube built by overexpressing the
MCP1
gene of
Saccharomyces boulardii
and employing hydrogel as a “house” to antagonize
Candida albicans
Authors: Wei Yunyun , Qiu Jianfeng , Han Ziqiang , Wang Xuanyi , Zhang Hui , Hou Xinya , Lv Xiangwei , Mao Xiaolong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background

For some ICU patients, an artificial airway must be established with an endotracheal tube, but
Candida albicans
can easily adhere to the tube surface and form a biofilm, leading to potentially life threatening fungal infections. Therefore, it is urgent to prevent and reduce
C. albicans
infections introduced by the endotracheal tube. However, there are few antifungal drugs effective against
C. albicans
, and each of these drugs may have adverse effects on human cells.
Saccharomyces boulardii
is regarded as an alternative strategy to inhibit the adhesion of
C. albicans
, but it is affected by environmental stress. We hypothesized that it is feasible to strengthen the antagonistic ability of
S. boulardii
via encapsulating and genetically modification.

Methods

In this study, a bioactive material carrying the overexpressed
MCP1
gene of
Saccharomyces boulardii
was constructed based on one-step photo-crosslinking. This material achieved spatial growth control of
S. boulardii
by encapsulating each
S. boulardii
cell within a hydrogel pore. The bioactive material was coated on an endotracheal tube and tested for its ability to inhibit the adhesion of
C. albicans
. Additionally, the material’s antagonistic activity towards
C. albicans
was evaluated by detecting intracellular Adenosine-triphosphate content, reactive oxygen species level and the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Tissue invasion experiment was executed to further evaluate the anti-adhesion ability of
S. boulardii
bio-coating.

Results

Encapsulating the overexpression of
MCP1
by
S. boulardii
in hydrogel pores enhanced the viability of probiotics in the presence of high salt and oxidation stress. When used as the coating of an endotracheal tube, the
S. boulardii
bioactive material efficiently inhibited the adhesion of
C. albicans
by impairing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and disturbing mitochondrial functions. In vivo, the
S. boulardii
bioactive material coating displayed good biocompatibility and reduced the host tissue invasion and virulence of
C. albicans
.

Conclusions
The integration of genetic modification and immobilization model breaks the bottleneck of previous application of microorganisms, and provides a new way to prevent fungal infections introduced by endotracheal tubes.

Graphical Abstract
Analysis of in vivo humeral rotation of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients during shoulder abduction on the scapular plane with a load
Authors: Takahashi Yuji , Nishinaka Naoya , Furuya Kanji , Ikeda Takashi , Jinno Tetsuya , Okawa Atsushi , Sakai Tomoko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Few studies have investigated the kinematics after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). This study aimed to compare the shoulder kinematics in RTSA patients during shoulder abduction on the scapular plane with and without a load and yield information regarding the function of stabilizing the joints against gravity for the functional assessment of the shoulder after RTSA, which could lead to changes in postoperative rehabilitation treatment.

Methods
Twenty RTSA patients (7 men, 13 women; mean age: 78.1 [64–90] years) were examined. First, active shoulder abduction in the scapular plane was captured using single-plane fluoroscopic X-ray images. Imaging was performed by stipulating that one shoulder abduction cycle should be completed in 6 s. Two trials were conducted: one under a load equivalent to 2% of body weight and one without a load. Next, a three-dimensional (3D) model of each humeral and scapular component was matched to the silhouette of the fluoroscopic image to estimate the 3D dynamics. By using the 3D dynamic model obtained, the kinematics of the glenosphere and humeral implant were calculated relative to the shoulder abduction angle on the scapular plane and were compared between groups with and without a load. A one-way analysis of variance and a post hoc paired t-test with a statistical significance level of 0.05 were performed.

Results
The humeral internal rotation decreased with a load at shoulder abduction between 40° and 90° on the scapular plane (P < 0.01, effect size: 0.15). No significant differences in scapular upward rotation (P = 0.57, effect size: 0.022), external rotation (P = 0.83, effect size: 0.0083) and posterior tilting (P = 0.74, effect size: 0.013) were observed between groups with and without a load. The main effect was not observed with and without a load (P = 0.86, effect size: 0.0072). However, the scapulohumeral rhythm was significantly greater without a load during shoulder joint abduction between 40° and 60° on the scapular plane.

Conclusion
In RTSA patients, the glenohumeral joint was less internally rotated, and the scapulohumeral rhythm decreased under loaded conditions. It was stabilized against the load through the mechanical advantage of the deltoid muscle and other muscles.
OR07-04 Associations Of Sleep Patterns And Body Mass Index Among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Sleep Study
Authors: Duan Daisy , Jun Jonathan C , Johnson Dayna A , Ahima Rexford S , Bertoni Alain G , Redline Susan , Echouffo Tcheugui Justin B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: D. Duan: None. J.C. Jun: None. D.A. Johnson: None. R.S. Ahima: None. A.G. Bertoni: None. S. Redline: None. J.B. Echouffo Tcheugui: None.
Background: Obesity and its metabolic complications disproportionately affect African Americans. Sleep may be a modifiable factor that can impact metabolic health. We used objective measures of sleep patterns to assess the relationship between sleep parameters and body mass index (BMI) among African Americans. Methods: The Jackson Heart Study was a prospective cohort study that recruited 5306 African American adults from 3 counties in Jackson, Mississippi, designed to evaluate the etiology of cardiovascular disease among African Americans. We performed a cross-sectional analysis including 913 participants in the Jackson Heart Sleep Ancillary Study (enrolled 2012-2016) who underwent 7-day wrist actigraphy and home sleep apnea tests. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the associations between BMI (outcome; log-transformed for normality) and actigraphy-derived sleep parameters (exposures) that described: sleep timing (sleep onset and mid-sleep time), sleep duration (total sleep duration and night to night variation measured by within-individual standard deviation), and sleep continuity (sleep maintenance efficiency and sleep fragmentation index). Models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic factors, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, and the presence of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (Apnea Hypopnea Index &gt; 15). Results: Among the included 684 participants with complete data on anthropometric measurements and key covariates (mean age 63 ± 11 years, 66% women, mean BMI 31.8 ± 6.9 kg/m2), average sleep onset was 23:10 ± 1.35 hrs, mid-sleep time was 2:55 ± 1.20 hrs, total sleep duration was 6.7 ± 1.15 hrs, median night-to-night variation was 1.2 hrs (IQR 0.8-1.5), median sleep maintenance efficiency was 88.9% (IQR 85.7-91.5), and median sleep fragmentation index was 28.4% (IQR 23.3-34). In adjusted models, sleep onset (β 0.013, p=0.02) and mid-sleep time (β 0.012, p=0.047) were positively associated with log transformed BMI, while sleep maintenance efficiency was negatively associated with log transformed BMI (β −0.004, p=0.009). Total sleep duration, night to night sleep duration variability, and average sleep fragmentation index were not associated with BMI in adjusted models. Conclusions: Later sleep timing and poor sleep continuity were associated with higher BMI among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study. Our findings suggest the importance of circadian influence and sleep disruption as factors that influence metabolic health.
Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023
OR10-03 Murine Bimagrumab Co-administration With Incretin Agonists Results In Additive Efficacy And Superior Quality Weight Loss In The Mouse Diet-induced Obesity Model
Authors: Nguyen Kevin , Wang Xingjuan , Xu Deming , Klickstein Lloyd B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: K. Nguyen: Employee; Self; Versanis Bio. X. Wang: None. D. Xu: None. L.B. Klickstein: Employee; Self; Versanis Bio. Stock Owner; Self; Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
Bimagrumab is an activin type II receptor (ActRII) antagonist currently in phase 2b clinical development for the treatment of obesity and other cardiometabolic diseases. In overweight and obese patients with T2DM, bimagrumab caused &gt;20% body fat loss over 48 weeks of therapy while concomitantly producing a 4% increase in muscle mass; the net effect is higher quality weight loss than that achieved by dieting or incretin agonists, with weight loss quality defined as the percentage of weight loss represented by fat mass loss. Because the mechanisms of action and target organs for bimagrumab and incretin agonists are largely non-overlapping, we designed mouse experiments to investigate whether adding bimagrumab to incretin therapy might be additive with respect to fat mass loss and improve the quality of weight loss by attenuating the lean mass loss that accompanies incretin treatment. C57Bl/6J mice at 5-6 weeks of age were fed a 60% fat diet for 25 weeks and reached an average body weight of 54 grams at the start of drug therapy. Each group of mice (n=8) received a murinized version of bimagrumab, CDD866, 20 mg/kg i.p. weekly and/or semaglutide 40 µg/kg s.c. daily, tirzepatide at 45 µg/kg s.c. daily, or liraglutide at 20 µg/kg s.c. twice daily. The high fat diet was continued through the 3-week treatment period. Food intake and body weight were monitored twice weekly, while clinical observations, body composition by MRI and physical activity were assessed once weekly. At the doses and schedules above, the rank order of efficacy with the three incretin agonists tested, as assessed by change in body weight over 3 weeks, was tirzepatide (-13.7g) &gt; semaglutide (-8.6g) &gt; liraglutide (-4.0g), the same order of efficacy as is observed in humans. Adding CDD866 20 mg/kg i.p. weekly to each of tirzepatide, semaglutide or liraglutide therapy increased weight loss to -14.5g, -9.8g and -4.5 g, respectively. The weight loss quality (100 x calculated fat mass loss in grams divided by total body weight loss in grams), was 74.7%, 58.8% and 42.5% for tirzepatide, semaglutide and liraglutide, respectively, and in combination with CDD866 weight loss quality improved to 96.4%, 104.6% and 122.8%, respectively. Fat mass loss &gt; 100% of total weight loss reflects both the additive fat mass loss and the muscle mass gain due to CDD866. A phase 2b clinical study of bimagrumab +/- semaglutide is ongoing to learn if these favorable results will translate to humans (NCT05616013).
Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023
FRI013 Free Fatty Acid Receptors 2 And 3 Mediate The Beneficial Effects Of Fiber
Authors: Pandya Nupur S , Priyadarshini Medha , Layden Brian T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: N.S. Pandya: None. M. Priyadarshini: None. B.T. Layden: None.
The Gut Microbiome (GM) is a key player in whole body metabolism. Microbial dysregulation and dysbiosis have been linked to multiple pathologies including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Microbes influence host function by releasing various metabolites when interacting with ingested materials. Key metabolites include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced through microbial fermentation of fiber. Fiber intake is known to increase GM diversity; this process has been suggested to protect against obesity and type 2 diabetes. While SCFAs have been implicated in this process, the overall mechanism is still unclear. Free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFA2 and FFA3) occupy a unique position through which the GM can exert an effect on host metabolism. These G-protein coupled receptors are known to sense SCFAs and can modulate the subsequent secretion of incretin and insulin hormones thus regulating host appetite and blood-glucose control. FFA2 and FFA3 are expressed in many tissues, including adipocytes, neurons, and most importantly, intestinal enteroendocrine L cells and pancreatic β cells. For this reason, complete understanding of their function is necessary, and elucidating their signaling mechanisms may have significant therapeutic value in the treatment of the obesity epidemic and diabetes. Here, we seek to understand the whole-body impact of the gut microbiota-SCFA-FFA2/3 axis in the metabolically protective role of fiber. We used here a novel whole-body FFA2/FFA3 double knockout (F2,3-dKO) mouse model to obtain a holistic understanding of SCFA sensing mechanisms when mice are fed obesogenic diets supplemented with or without fermentable fiber. Double knockout mice, alongside matched wild-type controls were challenged with either a high fat western diet (WD), or WD supplemented with 20% fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a fermentable fiber (WD + 20% FOS). Preliminary data showed a significant rise in body weight, fat mass, and insulin resistance in WD fed F2,3-dKO mice alongside matched wild-type controls. Wild-type mice, when challenged with WD supplemented with fiber, were protected from this effect with only a mild increase in body weight and insulin resistance. Interestingly, F2,3-dKO mice, fed WD + 20% FOS were insensitive to fiber induced metabolic benefits. This suggests that FFA2 and FFA3 are essential for fermentable fiber mediated metabolic benefits against WD induced obesity. Further studies are now aimed to understand the mechanism behind this protective effect.
Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023
FRI019 Mono(ADP-Ribosyl)ation Of Ribosomal Proteins During Adipogenesis
Authors: Tan Xinrui , Challa Sridevi , Stokes MiKayla S , Nandu Tulip Sunil , Lee Kraus W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: X. Tan: None. M.S. Stokes: None. T.S. Nandu: None. W.L. Kraus: None.
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which ADP-ribose units from NAD+ are covalently linked to various amino acids on substrates by ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) enzymes. The NAD+ required for these reactions is synthesized by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases (NMNATs), which serve as the key NAD+ synthase enzymes in the salvage pathway. The three cellular NMNATs have different subcellular localizations (NMNAT-1 in the nucleus, NMNAT-2 in the cytoplasm, and NMNAT-3 in the mitochondria). We have shown previously that NMNAT-2 protein is rapidly and robustly induced during adipogenesis through a stabilization mechanism, causing rapid reduction in nuclear nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) levels and decreased PARP1 catalytic activity, leading to an increased expression of proadipogenic genes. We also recently demonstrated that NMNAT-2 support the catalytic activity of PARP16, an endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzyme, to maintain protein homeostasis in ovarian cancer cells by mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) of ribosomal proteins. The biological functions of increased cytoplasmic NAD+ synthesis by NMNAT-2 in adipocytes, however, is unknown. Our results demonstrate a reciprocal decrease of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) levels and increase of cytosolic MAR levels during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which is driven by the induction of NMNAT-2. The increase in cytosolic MAR levels leads to enhanced ribosome MARylation, and knockdown of NMNAT-2 or PARP16 results in reduced ribosome MARylation. Analysis of ribosomes isolated from differentiated 3T3-L1 cells revealed the enrichment of MARylation in fractions containing monosomes. Using TMT mass spectrometry, we identified numerous high confidence of ADP-ribosylation sites on ribosome proteins in both undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, with over 30 sites showing significant increases in differentiated adipocytes. We are now examining the relationship between the MARylation of ribosome proteins and translational programming during adipogenesis to expand our understanding of MARylation in physiology and disease.
Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023