bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharide extraction optimization, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activity analysis of different varieties of Gastrodia elata Bl aerial parts
Authors: Du Chunjiang , Liu Xiangyi , Algadi Hassan , Hou Ying , Fu Xiaona , Li Handong , Fan Jincheng , Singh Man Vir , Li Yunxian , Zhang Xingmao , Xu Juan , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the optimal extraction conditions, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activity analysis of polysaccharides from the aerial parts of three different varietal varieties of Gastrodia (i.e., G. elata Bl. F. elata, G. elata Bl. F. Viridls MaKino, and G. elata Bl. F. Glauca S Chow). The influence of extraction temperature (30–70 °C), extraction time (15–55 min), and liquid-to-solid ratio (25–65 mL/g) on the yield of polysaccharides was analyzed through single-factor experiments. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process, and a mathematical model was established to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The response surface experiment was presented as follows: The optimal extraction conditions for polysaccharides were a liquid-to-solid ratio of 59 mL/g, 56 °C, and 36 min. The polysaccharide yield in G. elata. Bl. F. Glauca S Chow aerial parts under these conditions was 10.90%, which was close to the theoretical value calculated by the model (10.64%). Under the optimal conditions, the yields of polysaccharides followed: G. elata Bl. F. elata (11.32%) > G. elata Bl. F. Glauca S Chow (10.90%) > G. elata Bl. F. Viridls MalKino (10.50%). The polysaccharides were mainly composed of 10 monosaccharides, including glucose, rhamnose, mannose, and xylose. However, the content of monosaccharides in polysaccharides of different varieties of Gastrodia elata Bl aerial parts varied greatly, with glucose and rhamnose being the highest, both exceeding 20%. The polysaccharides in different varieties of Gastrodia elata Bl aerial parts had certain in vitro antioxidant activity. The total reducing power and scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals increased with the increase of polysaccharide concentration. When the polysaccharide concentration was 1.0 mg/mL, the scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS free radicals were both over 80%. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Gastrodia elata Bl aerial part resources.
Graphical Abstract

Using ultrasound-assisted extraction and response surface methodology to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from the aerial parts of Gastrodia elata, polysaccharide yields of three different G. elata varieties were all above 10%, and the extracted polysaccharides were composed of 10 monosaccharides, including glucose and galactose, and exhibited good in vitro antioxidant activity.
Middellangetermijnoverleving na open versus robotgeassisteerde radicale cystectomie in Nederland: resultaten van de ‘SNAPSHOT’ cystectomie
Authors: van Ginkel Noor , Vis André N. , Boormans Joost L. , van der Poel Henk G. , van der Schoot Deric K. E. , Aben Katja K. H. , Hermans Tom J. N. , Meijer Dennie , Voortman Jens , Arends Tom J. H. , Ausems Peter J. , Baselmans Dorine , Berger Christian P. A. M. , Berrens Anne-Claire , Bickerstaffe Henry , Bos Siebe D. , Braam Marlene , Buddingh K. Tim , Claus Sebastiaan , Dekker Karen , van Doeveren Thomas , Einerhand Sarah M. H. , Fossion Laurent M. C. Laurent , Hinsenveld Florentien J. , van Gennep Erik J. , Grondhuis Palacios Lorena A. , Hobijn Mandy M. , van Huystee Suzanne H. , Jaspers-Valentijn Martinique , Klaver O. Sjoerd , Koldewijn Evert L. , Korsten Linn , Lenting Anne , Lentjes Koen J. , Luiting Henk B. , van der Meer Saskia , Mertens Laura , Nieuwenhuijzen Jakko A. , Noordzij M. Arjen , Nooter Ronald I. , Notenboom Marije , Oomen Robert J. A. , van Roermund Joep G. H. , de Rooij Judith , Roshani Hossain , Schrier Bart P. , van der Slot Michelle A. , Somford D. M. Rik , Stelwagen Piter-Jan , Stroux Aukje M. A. , van der West Alwine , Wijsman Bart P. , Windt Willemijn A. K. M. , van Zanten Paul , van Beek Sytse C. 
Published: November 2023

SamenvattingEr is onvoldoende bekend over de middellangetermijnoverleving van niet-gemetastaseerd spierinvasieve blaaskanker (SIBC) na open (ORC) versus robotgeassisteerde (RARC) cystectomie, met of zonder neoadjuvante chemotherapie (NAC). Om de vijfjaarsoverleving na beide interventies en de invloed van NAC te onderzoeken, is een retrospectieve studie verricht in 19 Nederlandse ziekenhuizen tussen 2012 en 2015. Van de totaal 1.534 cT1-4N0-1-patiënten ondergingen 1.086 patiënten een ORC en 389 een RARC. De vijfjaarsoverleving was 51% na ORC (95%-BI 47–53) versus 58% na RARC (95%-BI 52–63); de hazard ratio na multivariabele correctie was 1,00 (95%-BI 0,84–1,20). 226 van de 965 cT2-4aN0-patiënten werden behandeld met NAC. Na case-control matching bleek (y)pT0 vaker voor te komen na NAC dan zonder NAC (31 vs. 15%; p < 0,01). De beste vijfjaarsoverleving trad op bij patiënten met ypT0 na NAC, namelijk 89% (95%-BI 81–97). Concluderend laat deze deze studie bij patiënten met SIBC vergelijkbare vijfjaarsoverleving zien na ORC of na RARC. De beste overleving was bij patiënten die waren behandeld met NAC voorafgaand aan cystectomie.
A recent update on development, synthesis methods, properties and application of natural products derived carbon dots
Authors: Sahana Soumitra , Gautam Anupam , Singh Rajveer , Chandel Shivani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNatural resources are practically infinitely abundant in nature, which stimulates scientists to create new materials with inventive uses and minimal environmental impact. Due to the various benefits of natural carbon dots (NCDs) from them has received a lot of attention recently. Natural products-derived carbon dots have recently emerged as a highly promising class of nanomaterials, showcasing exceptional properties and eco-friendly nature, which make them appealing for diverse applications in various fields such as biomedical, environmental sensing and monitoring, energy storage and conversion, optoelectronics and photonics, agriculture, quantum computing, nanomedicine and cancer therapy. Characterization techniques such as Photoinduced electron transfer, Aggregation-Induced-Emission (AIE), Absorbance, Fluorescence in UV–Vis and NIR Regions play crucial roles in understanding the structural and optical properties of Carbon dots (CDs). The exceptional photoluminescence properties exhibited by CDs derived from natural products have paved the way for applications in tissue engineering, cancer treatment, bioimaging, sensing, drug delivery, photocatalysis, and promising remarkable advancements in these fields. In this review, we summarized the various synthesis methods, physical and optical properties, applications, challenges, future prospects of natural products-derived carbon dots etc. In this expanding sector, the difficulties and prospects for NCD-based materials research will also be explored.
Forestry in the Face of Global Change: Results of a Global Survey of Professionals
Authors: Himes Austin , Bauhus Jürgen , Adhikari Shankar , Barik Saroj Kanta , Brown Hugh , Brunner Andreas , Burton Philip J. , Coll Lluís , D’Amato Anthony W. , Diaci Jurij , Dorji Yonten , Foli Ernest G. , Ganz David J. , Hall Jefferson S. , Keenan Rodney , Lu Yuanchang , Messier Christian , Munanura Ian , Piotto Daniel , Seifert Thomas , Sheil Douglas , Shorohova Ekaterina , Sisay Kibruyesfa , Soto Daniel , Tanaka Hiroshi , Umunay Peter , Velázquez-Martínez Alejandro , Puettmann Klaus J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Forests support most global terrestrial biodiversity and contribute to the livelihood of billions of people, but these and other benefits are in jeopardy due to global change. This leads to questions, such as how to address the challenges of global change in forest management, given the lack of knowledge and deep uncertainty about future developments. In addition, many of the impediments to implement adaptation strategies are unknown.

Recent Findings
Here, we present an overview of results from a global survey of 754 forestry professionals (370 researchers and educators, 227 practicing foresters, 37 policymakers, 64 administrators, and 56 with other or unspecified roles) from 61 countries across 6 continents who were interested in global change issues. These professionals were asked about their opinion regarding three different adaptation strategies: resist, adapt, and transform. Most respondents agreed that the majority of global change factors will negatively influence the ability of forests to provide desired ecosystem services. Similarly, they agreed about major challenges when implementing adaptation strategies and specifically whether our current knowledge base is sufficient. These concerns were not limited to ecological aspects, but respondents also highlighted the need for a better appreciation of social/political and economic barriers, especially regarding transformation strategies. In addition, the response patterns, including differences due to economic status, highlight the importance of developing and evaluating adaptation strategies in a local social–ecological context.

Summary
Our study demonstrates a widespread perception on the part of forestry professionals around the world, especially among researchers and practitioners, that many global change factors will affect sustainable forest management negatively, resulting in the need for active silvicultural adaption. The results also suggest potential barriers to different adaptation strategies, particularly a relative lack of information and social acceptance for transform strategies. Further, this study highlights the importance of social and political factors and the need to understand the general public’s values regarding adaptation strategies as well as how the influence of public opinion is perceived by forest managers.
The effects of lifetime work experience on incidence and severity of elderly poverty in Korea
Authors: Chae Seyoung , Heshmati Almas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the characteristics that contribute to elderly poverty, mainly focusing on individuals’ lifetime work experience. It adopts the heterogeneous relative poverty line. It calculates the work experience and obtains demographic variables using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study’s survey data for 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015. The objective is to estimate poverty among elderly and explain its variations in relation to individual characteristics and lifetime work experience. Poverty is measured in terms of the head count, poverty gap and the poverty severity indices based on monetary dimensions, namely income and consumption. The methodology used in this study is a logit model to explain the incidence of poverty and a sample selection model to analyze the depth and severity of poverty. The results show that an increase in the total work years and a decrease in the gap years between jobs reduce incidence and depth of poverty.
The Association Between Selfishness, Animal-Oriented Empathy, Three Meat Reduction Motivations (Animal, Health, and Environment), Gender, and Meat Consumption
Authors: Dillon-Murray Angela , Ward Aletha , Soar Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examined how the level of meat consumption was related to two psychological factors, selfishness and animal-oriented empathy, and three motivations related to animal, health, and environmental issues. A sample of Australian adults between 18 and 80 (N = 497) was surveyed online via the Zoho Survey platform. Structural equation modelling was applied to the data, and the resulting models revealed that higher selfishness and lower empathy were associated with higher meat consumption for males but there was no association between psychological factors and meat consumption for females. All three motivations were associated with both higher empathy and selfishness for males. For females, higher empathy was associated with higher health and animal motivations, while higher selfishness was associated with higher environmental motivation. Lastly, none of the three motivations were related to meat consumption for either gender. Thus, the results only partially supported the hypotheses that selfishness and empathy would influence meat consumption and motivations. Nevertheless, this study contributes to research on personality factors in relation to meat consumption and the link between masculinity and meat consumption.
Confronting and agonistic: what democracy requires of curricula
Authors: Webster R. S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper draws upon the philosophical reconstruction of John Dewey to examine the demise of democracy by neoliberal elites as described by the likes of Noam Chomsky, who like Dewey, identifies that a key weakness of democracy is that the ontology or being of people has become largely apathetic. We consequently find ourselves living in a period of “post-democracy” as theorised by Crouch, Mouffe, and Rancière, who identify that imposed consensus by politicians and the media discourages people from dissenting and being agonistic. A major consequence of this is that the masses are diverted from challenging the hegemony of neoliberalism and instead focus upon much lesser issues related to cosmopolitanism. From this analysis, it is identified that what democracy requires of curricula—if they are to offer educational experiences—is that students should embody agonism as a way of thinking. According to Dewey, the method of democracy is to bring conflicts into the open rather than pretend they do not exist, and that the most important conflict is between the super wealthy and the working poor. Therefore, curricula ought to be designed to habituate students to grow in an agonistic way of being in order to challenge the presumed “consensus democracy” that is being used to marginalise the very real conflict the public has with neoliberal hegemony.
Estimation with infinite-dimensional exponential family and Fisher divergence
Authors: Fukumizu Kenji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInfinite dimensional exponential families have been theoretically studied, but their practical applications are still limited because empirical estimation is not straightforward. This paper first gives a brief survey of studies on the estimation method for infinite-dimensional exponential families. The method uses score matching, which is based on the Fisher divergence. The second topic is to investigate the Fisher divergence as a member of an extended family of divergences, which employ operators in defining divergences.
Mapping Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life
Authors: Tran Anh , Greenaway Katharine H. , Kostopoulos Joanne , O’Brien Sarah T. , Kalokerinos Elise K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe growing literature on interpersonal emotion regulation has largely focused on the strategies people use to regulate. As such, researchers have little understanding of how often people regulate in the first place, what emotion regulation goals they have when they regulate, and how much effort they invest in regulation. To better characterize features of the regulation process, we conducted two studies using daily diary (N = 171) and experience sampling methods (N = 239), exploring interpersonal emotion regulation in the context of everyday social interactions. We found people regulated others’ emotions nearly twice a day, regulated their own emotions through others around once a day, and regulated both their own and others’ emotions in the same interaction roughly every other day. Furthermore, not only did people regulate others’ emotions more often than regulating their own emotions through others, but they also put in more effort to do so. The goals of regulation were primarily to make themselves or others feel better, most often through increasing positive emotions, rather than decreasing negative emotions. Together, these findings provide a foundational picture of the interpersonal emotion regulation landscape, and lay the groundwork for future exploration into this emerging subfield of affective science.
Divergent effects of biochar amendment and replacing mineral fertilizer with manure on soil respiration in a subtropical tea plantation
Authors: Han Zhaoqiang , Xu Pinshang , Li Zhutao , Guo Shumin , Li Shuqing , Liu Shuwei , Wu Shuang , Wang Jinyang , Zou Jianwen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractApplying biochar amendment and manure in tea plantation ecosystems can diminish soil acidification and degradation. However, the impact of these practices on soil respiration and associated mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, we combined a two-year field experiment and laboratory analyses based on soil properties, functional genes, and microbial co-occurrence networks to explore the determinants of soil respiration intensity in a subtropical tea plantation with biochar amendment and manure application. The results showed that the effect of biochar amendment on soil respiration was unconspicuous. Although biochar amendment increased bacterial richness and Shannon index, biochar amendment did not alter the abundance of species associated with C-cycling functional genes. Besides directly adding recalcitrant C to the soil, biochar also indirectly enhanced C sequestration by weakly increasing soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, replacing mineral fertilizer with manure significantly stimulated soil respiration in the tea plantation, resulting in a 36% increase in CO2 emissions over two years. The increase in CO2 emissions under the manure treatment was mainly attributed to the increased soil labile C pool, the activity of hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., cellobiohydrolase and acetylglucosaminidase), and the relative abundance of functional genes associated with the C-cycle. This may also be related to the application of manure that increased the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and altered ecological clusters in bacterial co-occurrence networks. Our correlation network analysis suggested that Gemmatimonadetes might be the potential hosts for C-cycling genes due to their strong positive correlation with the abundance of C-cycling genes. Overall, these findings provide new insights into soil respiration under biochar amendment and manure application in tea plantations and broaden the options for carbon sequestration in soils.
Graphical Abstract
A Central Scheme for Two Coupled Hyperbolic Systems
Authors: Herty Michael , Kolbe Niklas , Müller Siegfried 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel numerical scheme to solve two coupled systems of conservation laws is introduced. The scheme is derived based on a relaxation approach and does not require information on the Lax curves of the coupled systems, which simplifies the computation of suitable coupling data. The coupling condition for the underlying relaxation system plays a crucial role as it determines the behaviour of the scheme in the zero relaxation limit. The role of this condition is discussed, a consistency concept with respect to the original problem is introduced, the well-posedness is analyzed and explicit, nodal Riemann solvers are provided. Based on a case study considering the p-system of gas dynamics, a strategy for the design of the relaxation coupling condition within the new scheme is provided.
Nicotinamide Riboside, an NAD + Precursor, Protects Against Cardiac Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Fetal Guinea Pigs Exposed to Gestational Hypoxia
Authors: Thompson Loren P. , Song Hong , Hartnett Jamie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGestational hypoxia inhibits mitochondrial function in the fetal heart and placenta contributing to fetal growth restriction and organ dysfunction. NAD + deficiency may contribute to a metabolic deficit by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. We tested the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD + precursor, as a treatment for reversing known mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic fetal hearts. Pregnant guinea pigs were housed in room air (normoxia) or placed in a hypoxic chamber (10.5%O2) for the last 14 days of gestation (term = 65 days) and administered either water or NR (1.6 mg/ml) in the drinking bottle. Fetuses were excised at term, and NAD + levels of maternal liver, placenta, and fetal heart ventricles were measured. Indices of mitochondrial function (complex IV activity, sirtuin 3 activity, protein acetylation) and ATP synthesis were measured in fetal heart ventricles of NR-treated/untreated normoxic and hypoxic animals. Hypoxia reduced fetal body weight in both sexes (p = 0.01), which was prevented by NR. Hypoxia had no effect on maternal liver NAD + levels but decreased (p = 0.04) placenta NAD + levels, the latter normalized with NR treatment. Hypoxia had no effect on fetal heart NAD + but decreased (p < 0.05) mitochondrial complex IV and sirtuin 3 activities, ATP content, and increased mitochondrial acetylation, which were all normalized with maternal NR. Hypoxia increased (p < 0.05) mitochondrial acetylation in female fetal hearts but had no effect on other mitochondrial indices. We conclude that maternal NR is an effective treatment for normalizing mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP synthesis in the hypoxic fetal heart.
Against the Entitlement Model of Obligation
Authors: Attie-Picker Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to reject what I call the entitlement model of directed obligation: the view that we can conclude from X is obligated to Y that therefore Y has an entitlement against X. I argue that rejecting the model clears up many otherwise puzzling aspects of ordinary moral interaction. The main goal is not to offer a new theory of obligation and entitlement. It is rather to show that, contrary to what most philosophers have assumed, directed obligation and entitlement are not the same normative concept seen from two different perspectives. They are two very different concepts, and much is gained by keeping them distinct.
Segmental Reflex, Long Latency Reflex, and Mixed Nerve Silent Period in Dystonia
Authors: Gündüz Ayşegül , Çetinkaya Tezer Damla , Türk Bengi Gül , E. Kızıltan Meral 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTWe hypothesized that “long latency reflexes” (LLRs), associated segmental reflex (SR), and mixed nerve silent periods (MnSPs) recorded on the distal upper extremity muscles would behave differently in patients with cervical dystonia and focal hand dystonia. We enrolled patients with cervical dystonia, generalized dystonia, focal hand dystonia, and healthy individuals. We recorded SR, LLRs, and MnSPs. The mean amplitude of SR on the affected side of focal hand dystonia was significantly lower (p = 0.010). The parameters related to LLRs and MnSPs were not different between groups. We suggest, using SR, LLRs, and MnSPs, we could not show an electrophysiological signature specific to dystonia.
Energy enhancement of laser-driven ions by radiation reaction and Breit–Wheeler pair production in the ultra-relativistic transparency regime
Authors: Bhadoria Shikha , Marklund Mattias , Keitel Christoph H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The impact of radiation reaction and Breit–Wheeler pair production on the acceleration of fully ionized carbon ions driven by an intense linearly polarized laser pulse has been investigated in the ultra-relativistic transparency regime. Against initial expectations, the radiation reaction and pair production at ultra-high laser intensities are found to enhance the energy gained by the ions. The electrons lose most of their transverse momentum, and the additionally produced pair plasma of Breit–Wheeler electrons and positrons co-streams in the forward direction as opposed to the existing electrons streaming at an angle above zero degree. We discuss how these observations could be explained by the changes in the phase velocity of the Buneman instability, which is known to aid ion acceleration in the breakout afterburner regime, by tapping the free energy in the relative electron and ion streams. We present evidence that these non-classical effects can further improve the highest carbon ion energies in this transparency regime.