bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketonic Substrates Catalyzed by (η5-C5Me5)MCl Complexes (M = Rh and Ir) of (1S,2S)-N-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine
Authors: Mashima Kazushi , Abe Tomoyuki , Tani Kazuhide 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The rhodium and iridium (η5-C5Me5)MCl complexes (3a: M = Rh; 3b: M = Ir) of (1S,2S)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine were found to be catalyst precursors for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone, 2-acetonaphthone, 1-tetralone, and 1-indanone to give (S)-1-phenylethanol (90% ee), (S)-1-(2-naphthyl)ethanol (85% ee), (S)-1-tetralol (97% ee), and (S)-indanol (99% ee), respectively.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Langmuir-Blodgett Films from Two Crowned Azobenzenes
Authors: Li Hongqi , Yao Zhongqi , Liu Renhua , Tan Ganzu , Yu Xianda 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Two crowned azobenzene derivatives APCM and APCN were synthesized and incorporated into a β-cyclodextrin derivative ACD. Both APCM/ACD and APCN/ACD formed a stable Langmuir monolayer at the air-water interface. Multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films with an ordered lamellar structure were constructed from APCM/ACD and APCN/ACD monolayers which showed a nonlinear polarisability (β) of 4 × 10−29 and 1 × 10−30 esu, respectively, after a month of storage.
Syntheses of Chiral Calixarene Analog Incorporating Amino Acid Residues: Molecular Recognition for a Racemic Ammonium Ion by the Macrocycles
Authors: Ito Kazuaki , Kida Atsushi , Ohba Yoshihiro , Sone Tyo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Chiral calixarene analog incorporating amino acid residues into macrocyclic rings was prepared. The macrocycles form a chiral concave, which is induced by the chiral transmission from the amino acid to the phenol-formaldehyde tetramer unit through the hydrogen bonds. Molecular recognition for a chiral ammonium ion by the macrocycles was investigated.
Anomalous Scattering Behavior of Poly(N-n-propylacrylamide) in 2-Propanol/Water
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Kubota Kenji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Light scattering study of poly(N-n-propylacrylamide) in a mixed solvent of 2-propanol and water was carried out. At high volume fraction (80 vol%) of 2-propanol, the scattering envelopes showed anomalous upsweep inflection at low scattering angles for finite polymer concentrations. This behavior can be elucidated in terms of the long-range repulsive interaction potential, and should correlate to the complex multiple volume phase transition of the gel in a mixed solvent.
What do students remember? Episodic memory and the development of schematization
Authors: Herbert Debra M. B. , Burt Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractResearch examining changes in memory and memory awareness during learning suggests that early in the process, students primarily have representations that are episodic in nature and experience ‘remember’ awareness during recall. However, as learning continues and schematization occurs, students' knowledge is more likely to be dominated by semantic memory representations and ‘just know’ awareness is experienced during recall. The greater the amount of remembering experienced early in learning, the more likely it is that the shift to knowing will occur in students. In this study, university students studied either material rich in distinctive features that may serve as cues to episodic memory, or material lacking in these features. Students' knowledge was tested after a 2‐day and a 5‐wk interval. In contrast to students who studied the material lacking distinctive features, students who studied the distinctively rich material showed a predominance of remember awareness on the first test, and on the follow‐up test showed a predominance of know awareness and were able to recall more details of the learning material. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geographic profiling: the fast, frugal, and accurate way
Authors: Snook Brent , Taylor Paul J. , Bennell Craig 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe current article addresses the ongoing debate about whether individuals can perform as well as actuarial techniques when confronted with real world, consequential decisions. A single experiment tested the ability of participants (N = 215) and an actuarial technique to accurately predict the residential locations of serial offenders based on information about where their crimes were committed. Results indicated that participants introduced to a ‘Circle’ or ‘Decay’ heuristic showed a significant improvement in the accuracy of predictions, and that their post‐training performance did not differ significantly from the predictions of one leading actuarial technique. Further analysis of individual performances indicated that approximately 50% of participants used appropriate heuristics that typically led to accurate predictions even before they received training, while nearly 75% improved their predictive accuracy once introduced to either of the two heuristics. Several possible explanations for participants' accurate performances are discussed and the practical implications for police investigations are highlighted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cell transplantation post invasive fungal infection is a feasible task
Authors: Avivi Irit , Oren Ilana , Haddad Nuhad , Rowe Jacob M. , Dann Eldad J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBetween March 1997 and January 2002, 18 consecutive patients (18–47 years) with hematological malignancies and previous proven invasive fungal infection underwent stem cell transplantation (SCT) (10 matched sibling allograft, 6 autograft, and 2 haploidentical). All patients had full myeloablative conditioning. The fungal pathogens diagnosed were Aspergillus (14), Fusarium (2), Mucor (1), Exserohilum (1), and Candida (1), involving the lungs (15), sinuses (5), and liver (1). All patients were treated pre‐ and during transplant with systemic antifungal therapy. Eleven out of 18 (61%) patients survived the transplant. Only 1 of 5 patients who transplanted with an active fungal infection accompanied with active leukemia survived the transplant, compared with 10/13 (84%) survivals in patients who had no clinical and radiological signs of infection or active leukemia (P < 0.025). None of the autografted patients has died, compared with 7/12 allografted patients, of whom 5 underwent transplant with active hematological/active fungal disease. In only 3 patients was the cause of death reactivation of previous fungal infection. Both active fungal infection and active leukemia place patients at a very high risk for procedure‐related mortality. Pre‐transplant therapy of fungal infection, aiming to achieve a clinically undetectable state of infection, followed by an antifungal treatment during transplant may allow the SCT with no fungal reactivation in selected patients. Am. J. Hematol. 75:6–11, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glycophorin C (Gerbich antigen blood group) and band 3 polymorphisms in two malaria holoendemic regions of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Patel Sheral S. , King Christopher L. , Mgone Charles S. , Kazura James W. , Zimmerman Peter A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe geographic overlap between the prevalence of erythrocyte polymorphisms and malaria endemicity is thought to be an example of natural selection on human populations. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Gerbich‐negative phenotype is caused by an exon 3 deletion in the glycophorin C gene (GYPCΔex3) while heterozygosity for a 27‐base pair deletion in the SLC4A1 gene (anion exchanger 1 or erythrocyte membrane protein, band 3), SLC4A1Δ27, results in Southeast Asian ovalocytosis. Two geographically and ethnically distinct malaria endemic regions of PNG (the Wosera [East Sepik Province] and Liksul [Madang Province]) were studied to illustrate the distribution of two prominent deletion polymorphisms (GYPCΔex3 and SLC4A1Δ27) and to determine if the genetic load associated with SLC4A1Δ27 would constrain independent assortment of GYPCΔex3 heterozygous and homozygous genotypes. The frequency of the GYPCΔex3 allele was higher in the Wosera (0.463) than Liksul (0.176) (χ2; P < 0.0001). Conversely, the frequency of the SLC4A1Δ27 allele was higher in Liksul (0.0740) than the Wosera (0.0005) (χ2; P < 0.0001). No individuals were homozygous for SLC4A1Δ27. In 355 Liksul residents, independent assortment of these two deletion polymorphisms resulted in 14 SLC4A1Δ27 carriers heterozygous for GYPCΔex3 and one SLC4A1Δ27 carrier homozygous for GYPCΔex3 (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.8040). While homozygosity for SLC4A1Δ27 appears to be nonviable, the GYPCΔex3 allele is not lethal when combined with SLC4A1Δ27. Neither mutation was associated with altered susceptibility to asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax infection. While these erythrocyte polymorphisms apparently have no effect on blood‐stage malaria infection, their contribution to susceptibility to clinical malaria morbidity requires further study. Am. J. Hematol. 75:1–5, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of bleeding complications with antiplatelet agents: Meta‐analysis of 338,191 patients enrolled in 50 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Serebruany Victor L. , Malinin Alex I. , Eisert Roswith M. , Sane David C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAntiplatelet therapy has been the focus of extensive clinical investigations over the last two decades. A variety of agents and regimens have been advanced for the prevention and treatment of vascular disease. Despite the proven life‐saving clinical benefits of inhibiting platelets, this therapy is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of hemorrhage in the major classes of antiplatelet agents. Data from clinical trials published 1988–2002 in English were retrieved from MEDLINE, OVID, and CARDIOSOURCE. Only those studies in which patients had clinical follow‐up for at least 1 month and in which a full description of hemorrhagic complications was reported were included. Information on sample size, study design, duration, agent, patient characteristics, and bleeding severity was independently and blindly reviewed. Data from 51 clinical trials with a total of 338,191 patients were analyzed. The antiplatelet agents were divided into 6 groups: aspirin (ASA) < 100 mg; ASA ≥ 100 mg; dipyridamole, thienopyridines; intravenous and oral GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The variance estimate and confidence intervals were calculated for each treatment assignment. Low‐dose aspirin and dipyridamole therapy were associated with the lowest risk of bleeding (3.6% and 6.7%, respectively). The highest rate of bleeding complications (44.6%) was associated with the GP IIa/IIIb inhibitors. Despite substantial differences in the reporting patterns of bleeding complications, low‐dose ASA and dipyridamole therapy were associated with the lowest risk. Surprisingly, doses of ASA ≥ 100 mg caused a relatively high hemorrhagic event rate, which was comparable to that of ADP‐receptor blockers. These findings should be considered when using combination antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy with conventional doses of ASA. Am. J. Hematol. 75:40–47, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) following allogeneic stem cell transplant for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ganguly Siddhartha , Carrum George , Nizzi Frank , Heslop Helen E. , Popat Uday 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTransfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious complication of transfusion characterized by dyspnea, hypoxemia, hypotension, fever, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Although the frequency is estimated at 1/1,120 to 1/5,000 transfusions, few cases have been reported after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. We report a case occurring in an allogeneic transplant recipient who developed acute respiratory distress and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates 2 hr after a platelet transfusion due to the presence of anti granulocyte antibody HNA‐3a in the product. As there is a wide differential diagnosis for pulmonary infiltrates developing post transplant, TRALI may be under‐recognized and should be considered in this setting. Am. J. Hematol. 75:48–51, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardial infarction in a patient with β‐thalassemia major: First report
Authors: Fridlender Zvi G. , Rund Deborah 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThalassemia is the most common hereditary anemia throughout the world. Survival in its most severe long‐term form, β‐thalassemia major, has significantly risen in the last decades. Cardiac morbidity—heart failure and dysrhythmias—is still the most common cause of mortality in these patients. We describe herein a case of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries in a 48‐year‐old patient with β‐thalassemia and no other recognized risk factors for coronary artery disease. Thromboembolic phenomena, a known situation in these patients, occur at a frequency of 4–5%. However, as far as we know, this is the first report in the literature of myocardial infarction in association with β‐thalassemia. With the notable improvement in the life expectancy of thalassemia patients, ischemic heart disease may become an important complication encountered in these patients. Am. J. Hematol. 75:52–55, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does terbutaline damage the developing heart?
Authors: Rhodes Melissa C. , Nyska Abraham , Seidler Frederic J. , Slotkin Theodore A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUND: β2‐Adrenoceptor (βAR) agonists, such as terbutaline, are widely used to arrest preterm labor. They also cross the placenta where they stimulate receptors in fetal tissues, which in turn use βAR input for trophic control of cell replication and differentiation.METHODS: As rats are altricial, we administered terbutaline in two different postnatal exposure periods (10 mg/kg given daily on Days 2–5 or 11–14).RESULTS: Hearts were examined twenty‐four hours after the last dose and on postnatal day 30 for cardiac damage. Neither treatment paradigm caused an increase in cardiac abnormalities compared to controls but quantitative analysis of the number of nuclei indicated reductions in females.CONCLUSIONS: These findings do not support earlier case reports of outright myocardial necrosis after terbutaline tocolysis in human infants. Nevertheless, the significant statistical association between terbutaline and cardiac anomalies in epidemiological studies suggest that terbutaline may sensitize the developing heart to other insults that affect development. Birth Defects Res B 68:449–455, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychopathic features in a juvenile diversion population: reliability and predictive validity of two self‐report measures
Authors: Falkenbach Diana M. , Poythress Norman G. , Heide Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe reliability and predictive validity of two experimental self‐report versions of two measures of psychopathic features in youth, the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD: Frick & Hare, 2001) and a modified version of the Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS: Lynam, 1997) were examined in a sample of 69 arrested youth (M age = 14.4 years) referred to a juvenile diversion program. Parents or legal guardians completed parent‐rating versions of the same measures. Reliability indicators for the APSD total measure were satisfactory although internal consistency indices (coefficient alpha) for the Callous/Unemotional and Impulsive/Conduct Problems scales were slightly lower than desirable. Reliability indicators for the CPS were excellent after deleting items that had poor corrected item‐to‐CPS total score correlations. Positive and statistically significant correlations for all measures were obtained with prospective measures of program failure (range 0.22–0.36) and rearrest at 1 year follow‐up (range 0.33–0.56). Although further research is needed prior to the clinical use of these measures, these results signal the potential of such measures to inform clinical judgments regarding treatment compliance and risk with justice‐involved youth. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Views of the downward extension: comparing the Youth Version of the Psychopathy Checklist with the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory
Authors: Skeem Jennifer L. , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIncreasing interest in “juvenile psychopathy” has been met with scholarly debate about the validity of directly extending the adult construct of psychopathic personality disorder to youth. To inform this debate, this study of 160 serious adolescent offenders compared two alternative, adult‐based conceptualizations of juvenile psychopathy: that of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) and the self‐report Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI). The results indicate that these two conceptualizations overlap only partially, with the YPI focusing more tightly on core interpersonal and affective features than the PCL:YV. Each conceptualization is reliable and predicts different forms of short‐term institutional misbehavior. However, only the YPI possesses a theoretically coherent, inverse association with anxiety. Despite this promise, these conceptualizations of psychopathy are less strongly associated with one another than they are with psychosocial markers of developmental maturity. This raises questions about their divergent validity and ability to identify a disorder that will remain stable during the transition from adolescence into adulthood. Implications for future longitudinal research on the validity, manifestations, and course of juvenile psychopathy are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychopathic traits predict attitudes toward a juvenile capital murderer
Authors: Edens John F. , Guy Laura S. , Fernandez Krissie 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe current study manipulated the presence/absence of psychopathic traits and the ethnicity (Black/White) of a juvenile capital murderer to examine their impact on layperson attitudes regarding what types of legal sanction were appropriate. Participants (N=360) reviewed a newspaper article concerning a death row inmate who was appealing his sentence primarily based on the fact that he committed the crime when he was 16 years of age. Compared to those in the control condition, those who read a scenario in which the defendant had been described at trial as exhibiting psychopathic traits (e.g. remorselessness, pathological lying) were significantly more likely to support a death sentence and less likely to believe he should receive any treatment in prison. Moreover, participant ratings of the extent to which they believed the defendant exhibited prototypically psychopathic traits (regardless of whether they were in the psychopathy or control condition) also significantly predicted these criterion measures. Ethnic status was relatively less influential, although participants were somewhat more punitive towards a Black defendant than a White defendant when considering the relevance of possible mitigating factors (e.g. history of sexual abuse). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Muscle variations and abnormal branching and course of the ulnar nerve in the forearm and hand
Authors: Bozkurt M.C. , Tagil S.M. , Ersoy M. , Tekdemir I. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDuring dissection of the right forearm of a 27‐year‐old female cadaver, variations in the form and insertion of the palmaris longus muscle were observed. The tendon of the palmaris longus muscle, which demonstrated a centrally placed belly, split into two tendons: one inserted into the palmar aponeurosis and the other into the proximal part of the flexor retinaculum. Additionally, we found an accessory muscle extending between the flexor retinaculum and the tendon of the abductor digiti minimi muscle. This accessory muscle was located deep to the ulnar artery but superficial to the superficial and deep branches of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Finally, an aberrant branch of the ulnar nerve was identified in the forearm; it traveled distally alongside the ulnar artery and in the palm demonstrated communications with common palmar digital nerves from the ulnar and the median nerves. No variations were observed in the contralateral upper limb. Clin. Anat. 17:64–66, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of the width of the presacral space on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Oto Aytekin , Peynircioglu Bora , Eryilmaz Muzaffer , Besim Aytekin , Sürücü H. Selçuk , Çelik H. Hamdi 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPresacral space enlargement may be the first sign of certain diseases. The normal width of the presacral space has not been widely investigated and in all previous studies was calculated from lateral radiographs obtained at barium enema examination. Our study determined the normal width of the presacral space on MRI and investigated a possible difference between men and women. The width of the presacral space was measured retrospectively from sagittal T2‐weighted MR images of 193 patients (87 males; 106 females, aged 18–83 years). Presacral space width was measured separately for S1, S2, and S3 vertebral levels from the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies to the closest part of the posterior wall of the rectum. Differences between male and female subjects were analyzed by t‐tests. Normal mean widths of the presacral space in men and women were 16.2 mm and 11.9 mm for S1, 14.9 mm and 11.2 mm for S2, and 13.0 mm and 10.6 mm for S3, respectively. Measurements of the presacral space width in men were significantly larger than in women at all three levels (P < 0.001 for S1, P < 0.001 for S2, P = 0.006 for S3). In summary, the presacral space width measured on MRI was found to be significantly larger in the male than in the female population. Clin. Anat. 17:14–16, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of lithotomy positions on strain of the obturator and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves
Authors: Litwiller Jonathan P. , Wells Robert E. , Halliwill John R. , Carmichael Stephen W. , Warner Mark A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if various lithotomy positions increase strain on the obturator and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves in fresh adult cadavers. A static load cell was used to record strain changes of the obturator and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves in the pelvis and anterior thigh when the lower limbs were placed in three sets of positions of varying hip abduction and flexion. The means of the strain measurements, which were measured in grams in all positioning angles were compared to the baseline 0° measurements. Analysis of variance was calculated for the differences. Flexion of the hip did not increase strain on either nerve. Abduction to 30° or 45° increased strain by more than 30 g on the obturator nerve (P < 0.05) but not the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The addition of 45° or more of flexion to abduction negated the strain increase on the obturator nerves seen with abduction alone. Nerve strain >30 g has been associated consistently with nerve dysfunction, disrupting axonal transmission, and causing structural neural damage. Our findings suggest that concomitant hip flexion should be used when placing anesthetized patients in a lithotomy position that includes abduction of the lower limbs to >30° to decrease the risk for perioperative neuropathy of the obturator nerve. Clin. Anat. 17:45–49, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.