bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonchaotic fractal sets
Authors: Sprott Julien Clinton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chaotic dynamical systems and their accompanying strange attractors as described in Chapter 6 are only one way to produce fractal images. Chapter 11 showed a number of fractals produced by other methods. Two of the most important and widely known such methods are iterated function systems and Julia sets with their relatives such as the Mandelbrot set, perhaps the best known and most studied of all fractal sets.
The Mysteries of the Real Prime
Authors: Shai Haran M J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this important and original monograph, useful for both academic and professional researchers and students of mathematics and physics, the author describes his work on the Riemann zeta function and its adelic interpretation. It provides an original point of view, bringing new, highly useful dictionaries between different fields of mathematics. It develops an arithmetical approach to the continuum of real numbers and unifies many areas of mathematics including: Markov Chains, q-series, Elliptic curves, the Heisenberg group, quantum groups, and special functions (such as the Gamma, Beta, Zeta, theta, Bessel functions, the Askey-Wilson and the classical orthagonal polynomials) The text discusses real numbers from a p-adic point of view, first mooted by Araeklov. It includes original work on coherent theory, with implications for number theory and uses ideas from probability theory including Markov chains and noncommutative geometry which unifies the p-adic theory and the real theory by constructing a theory of quantum orthagonal polynomials.
Some real hyperbolic chains
Authors: Shai Haran M J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can now return to our question of what is the real analogue of the inverse limit expressions for ℤp, ℙ1 ℤp , ℤp *, and ask, more precisely, for the real analogue of the gamma and beta chains. In this chapter we review some of the well-known ‘real hyperbolic chains’, before giving what we believe is the right arithmetical approach.
The Heisenberg group
Authors: Shai Haran M J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Heisenberg Group and its Fundamental Representation Associated with the symplectic phase space V is the Heisenberg group. This matrix group is defined over Z, and gives the extension of Heis to characteristic 2. We prefer to keep the symmetric form of Heis, which shows more clearly the symmetry between x and y, ‘position’ and ‘momentum’ (cf. Hörmander 1979); this will force us to make adjustments in characteristic 2.
Geometric Function Theory and Non-linear Analysis
Authors: Iwaniec Tadeusz , Martin Gaven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book provides a survey of recent developments in the field of non-linear analysis and the geometry of mappings. Sobolev mappings, quasiconformal mappings, or deformations, between subsets of Euclidean space, or manifolds or more general geometric objects may arise as the solutions to certain optimisation problems in the calculus of variations or in non-linear elasticity, as the solutions to differential equations (particularly in conformal geometry), as local co-ordinates on a manifold or as geometric realisations of abstract isomorphisms between spaces such as those that arise in dynamical systems (for instance in holomorphic dynamics and Kleinian groups). In each case the regularity and geometric properties of these mappings and related non-linear quantities such as Jacobians, tells something about the problems and the spaces under consideration. The applications studied include aspects of harmonic analysis, elliptic PDE theory, differential geometry, the calculus of variations as well as complex dynamics and other areas. Indeed it is the strong interactions between these areas and the geometry of mappings that underscores and motivates the authors' work. Much recent work is included. Even in the classical setting of the Beltrami equation or measurable Riemann mapping theorem, which plays a central role in holomorphic dynamics, Teichmuller theory and low dimensional topology and geometry, the authors present precise results in the degenerate elliptic setting. The governing equations of non-linear elasticity and quasiconformal geometry are studied intensively in the degenerate elliptic setting, and there are suggestions for potential applications for researchers in other areas.
Developing A Child’S Identity As A Musician: A Family ‘Script’ Perspective
Authors: Borthwick Sophia J , Davidson Jane w. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Past research has shown that the beliefs held by one family member will influence the values, attitudes and behaviour of the others to the point that the identities of both children and parents seem ‘shaped’ by the interactions between them (Radford, 1990). Despite this, it is only recently that music psychology research has acknowledged that family members are key in determining a child’s musical development (see Csikszentmihalyi etal., 1997, who look at the role of parents in the development of musical ability of talented teenagers).
The Self-Identity Of Young Musicians
Authors: O’neill Susan a. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What does it mean to be a young musician? In Western cultures, being a ‘musician’ is often equated with being able to play a musical instrument. However, there is growing criticism of this narrow conceptualization by researchers in such diverse fields as psychology, sociology, musicology, ethnomusicology, education, music analysis, aesthetics and cultural theory (see, for example, Cook, 1990; Trevarthen, 1999; DeNora, 2000). Although there is no agreed definition of what constitutes a musician, contemporary theorists from across these disciplines appear to agree on the need for the term to encompass more than the ability to demonstrate music performance skills. Despite this recognition, both popular and scientific discourses continue to distinguish between those who are musicians and those who are not. This distinction is particularly prominent and influential in childhood and adolescence (see also Lamont, Chapter 3, this volume).
Music for individuals with special needs: A catalyst for Developments in Identity, communication, and musical ability
Authors: Macdonald Raymond A R , Miell Dorothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the following chapter, Wendy Magee discusses the impacts on an individual’s personal identity of both acquiring a serious illness and subsequently of taking part in music therapy. She highlights the manner in which physical illness can change selfperceptions to produce what is termed a ‘damaged self”, and goes on to highlight how music therapy can be used to help change some of these negative self-perceptions using clinical improvisation. In this chapter, we take a related yet distinctive approach to the therapeutic potential of music. Here we focus on a range of music interventions (of which music therapy is one), used by a particular organization with individuals who have special needs. We present a brief overview of the type of musical activities, including teaching musical skills, performing music and music therapy interventions, organized by the Sounds of Progress (SOP) company in Glasgow, Scotland.
B
Authors: Dodge Yadolah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
β-error; beta-error An alternative term for error of the second kind or type II error. Bachelier process See Brownian motion process. backcalculation A method proposed by Brookmeyer and Gail (1988) to estimate the incidence of past HIV infection from that of observed AIDS incidence data, assuming the distribution of the incubation period is known. The estimated infection curve is then used to predict future AIDS incidence. The method was developed independently by Isham (1988) who used the term back-projection. This has a link with deconvolution.
An Introduction To The Liquid state
Authors: Egelstaff P A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a completely revised and rewritten edition of a book originally published 25 years ago. While the general content, layout, and style of this edition follow that of the original, the book now reflects the enormous expansion of theoretical and experimental research that has taken place over the past quarter of a century. The book is an introductory rather than a specialist work. It aims to cover the simpler and more basic parts of this vast topic, while preserving a balance between different areas. The author breaks the subject down by liquid state topic rather than by class of liquid, so that all classes can fall under each topic. The author takes a simple atomic view of liquids, concentrating on the pair distribution and pair potential functions, illustrating how properties can be calculated from first principles and the results compared with experiment. The experimental techniques used involve scattering both for equilibrium and dynamic measurements, and considerable attention is devoted to this aspect. The book is aimed at first year graduate students of physics and those who have taken undergraduate courses in mathematics and statistical thermodynamics. This edition also includes sets of exercises for the student.
Henry Oldenburg
Authors: Hall Marie Boas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Henry Oldenburg, born in 1619 in Bremen, Germany, first came to England as a diplomat on a mission to see Oliver Cromwell. He stayed on in England and in 1662 became the Secretary of the Royal Society, and its best known member to the entire learned world of his time. Through his extensive correspondence, now published, he disseminated the Society’s ideals and methods at home and abroad. He fostered and encouraged the talents of many scientists later to be far more famous than he, including Newton, Flamsteed, Malpighi, and Leeuwenhoek with whom, as with many others, he developed real friendship. He founded and edited the Philosophical Transactions, the world’s oldest scientific journal. His career sheds new light on the intellectual world of his time, especially its scientific aspects, and on the development of the Royal Society; his private life expands our knowledge of social mobility, the urban society, and the religious views of his time.
Attention and visually guided behavior in distinct systems
Authors: Bridgeman Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract. Recent research from several laboratories has revealed two distinct representations of visual space: a cognitive or ‘what’ system specialized for perception, and a sensorimotor or ‘how’ system specialized for visually guided behavior. To know how these two pathways normally operate and cooperate, they must be studied in normal humans. This has become possible with the development of psychophysical methods that isolate the two pathways and measure spatial information separately in each. The pathways are distinguished by the response measure, a symbolic response probing the cognitive system and an isomorphic motor reaction probing the sensorimotor system.
How the brain represents the body: insights from neurophysiology and psychology
Authors: Graziano Michael S A , Botvinick Matthew M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract. To reach for the computer mouse, to sit upright in a chair or hold a journal in order to read it, indeed, to do most of the actions that we commonly perform, we rely on a representation of the spatial con1guration of the body. How and where in the brain is the body represented and what are the psychological properties of this body schema? In this article we review 1rst the neurophysiology and then the psychology of the body representation. One 1nding that has emerged from both approaches is that the body representation is not merely a registration of proprioceptive inputs about joint angle. Instead, the brain contains a sophisticated model of the body that is continually updated on the basis of multimodal input including vision, somesthesis, and motor feedback. Neurophysiological studies in the monkey brain show that parietal area 5 is a critical node for processing the body’s con1guration. Neurons in area 5 combine signals from different modalities in order to represent limb position and movement. Psychological studies show that the body schema is used to cross-reference between different senses, as a basis for spatial cognition and for movement planning.
Motor competence in the perception of dynamic events: a tutorial
Authors: Viviani Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract. It is argued that tacit knowledge concerning the characteristic properties and constraints of bodily movements is taken into account by the process that turns sensory inputs relative to dynamical events into perceptual representations. First, to highlight the connection between the theme of the chapter and some older ideas, I provide an overview of the classical literature on the interaction between motoric and sensory information. The experimental support for the notion of motor–perceptual interaction is then presented in the main body of the chapter, which reviews recent experimental studies in visual perception and visuomotor coordination. The 1nal section addresses a number of conceptual issues and offers a functional framework for interpreting motor–perceptual interactions.
Response-evoked interference in visual encoding
Authors: Müsseler Jochen , Wühr Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract. When two speeded response tasks are performed in close succession, performance on the second task is usually impaired. Recently, an impairment has also been observed when the second task required only the visual identi1cation of a stimulus. Thus, visual encoding seems to suffer from the need to share limited processing capacities with some processes in the 1rst task. Yet, it is still unclear which particular processes in the 1rst task compete with stimulus encoding in the second task. The present experiments further examined the in2uence of response planning and execution on visual encoding and found both content-nonspeci1c and content-speci1c interference. An event-coding account is proposed that posits structural and procedural overlap of responseplanning and stimulus-encoding mechanisms.
Evolutionary Ecology of Birds
Authors: Bennett Peter M , Owens Ian P F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Birds show bewildering diversity in their life histories, mating systems and risk of extinction. Why do albatrosses delay reproduction for the first 12 years of their life while zebra finches breed in their first year ? Why are fairy-wrens so sexually promiscuous while swans show lifelong monogamy? Why are over a quarter of parrot species threatened with global extinction while woodpeckers and cuckoos remain secure? Some of these topics, such as delayed onset of breeding in seabirds, are classic problems in evolutionary ecology, while others have arisen in the last decade, such as genetic mating systems and extinction. Birds offer a unique opportunity for investigating these questions because they are exceptionally well-studied in the wild. By employing phylogenetic comparative methods and a database of up to 3,000 species, the authors identify the ecological and evolutionary basis of many of these intriguing questions. They also highlight remaining puzzles and identify a series of challenges for future investigation. This is the most comprehensive reappraisal of avian diversity since David Lack's classic "Ecological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds". It is also the most extensive application of modern comparative methods yet undertaken. This novel approach demonstrates how an evolutionary perspective can reveal the general ecological processes that underpin contemporary avian diversity on a global scale.
Diverse birds and puzzles
Authors: Bennett Peter M , Owens Ian P F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rainbow lorikeets, anhingas, pelicans, comb-crested jacanas, and kookaburras-these remarkable birds are a common sight around the small ponds on campus. Join us here to think about avian diversity. Why does that brush-turkey scratching around in the litter beneath the jacaranda tree lay twenty times as many eggs each year as the sulphur-crested cockatoo on the branch a few feet above? It can’t be just size, they weigh about the same amount. Is it because of the sorts of food they eat? Maybe not, they both eat similar kinds of things.
Diversity among living species
Authors: Bennett Peter M , Owens Ian P F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Challenges common to all birds are surviving and growing to maturity, reproducing, and living from one breeding season to the next. The balance between these energetically conflicting demands is what we refer to as ‘life-history’. An amazing diversity of life-history solutions to these problems has evolved among birds. In this section we will first describe the basic life-cycle of birds. We do not attempt to review the natural history of avian life-histories, there are already many books that do this (e.g. Perrins and Middleton 1985). Instead, we introduce the life-history variables that we are interested in explaining. We then show in a quantitative manner the range of variation in life histories that have been observed among living bird species. In the next sections we will examine how aspects of these life histories co vary and test how successful theory has been at attempting to explain this diversity.
Patterns of covariation between life-history traits
Authors: Bennett Peter M , Owens Ian P F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While avian life-history diversity has been extensively described, it has proved difficult to explain. In particular, we lack a clear understanding of the ecological basis of this diversification. We do not know, for example, why blue tits (Parus caeruleus) regularly lay up to 12 eggs per year, while some of the larger albatrosses only lay one egg every three years (Partridge and Harvey 1988). This is surprising because life-history traits such as clutch size are fundamental to our concepts of fitness, adaptation, and natural selection.
Further problems
Authors: Bennett Peter M , Owens Ian P F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interspecific brood-parasitism occurs in approximatelly 80 species but has probably only evolved about six times: in the ducks, honeyguides, cuckoos, whydahs, weavers, and cowbirds (Lack 1968; Johnsgard 1998; Ligon 1999; Davies 2000; Robert and Sorci 2001). At most, the habit may have evolved ten times, depending on the number of separate instances among the cuckoos (Old World cuckoos versus South American cuckoos), the ducks (Heteronetta atricapilla is the only species that shows obligate interspecific brood-parasitism, its hosts being coots, but at least two other genera contain facultative interspecific brood parasites), and the whydahs. In either case, such a small number of independent occurrences make meaningful statistical analyses very difficult, even if one assumes that interspecific parasitism has only ever evolved via one route.
Further problems
Authors: Bennett Peter M , Owens Ian P F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are a number of sources of information on extinction in birds. The subfossil and historical records provide evidence of true extinctions of bird species, while the list of threatened species compiled by BirdLife International provides a comprehensive review of extinction risk among living bird species (BirdLife International 2000). In collaboration with Jonathan Baillie, we compared the pattern of variation revealed by these different sources of information on extinction (Bennett et al. 2001). This comparison is important because it has been widely suggested that both the rates and the causes of extinction may have changed over recent evolutionary time. However, a number of problematic assumptions must be made in order to compare past and present extinction patterns.
The heavy groups
Authors: Neretin Yu. A , Gould G G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of a heavy group is a heuristic one. AU the following groups are examples of heavy groups. 1. The fall infinite symmetric group S ∞. 2. The group U(∞) of all unitary operators in complex Hilbert space, as well as the group O(∞) of all orthogonal operators in real Hilbert space and the group Sp(∞) of all unitary operators in quaternionic Hilbert space. 3. The group of automorphisms of a Lebesgue space with finite (or σ-finite) measure.
Recent Results in the Theory of Program Flowgraphs
Authors: Bainbridge J R , Whitty R W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Attributed grammars, which play a major role in the theory of compiler design, provide a neat way of deflning flowgraph functions (that is, digraph functions where the digraphs are modelling programs). We use this idea to review some recent research in which flowgraph functions are used as complexity metrics for programs. The choice of grammar is seen to influence the expressive power of this approach: some aspects of program complexity, expressed as flowgraph functions, cannot be deflned using some grammars. The lesson seems to be that, at least from a mathematical viewpoint, we are not comparing like with like when we study the many complexity metrics which have been proposed. Graph theory has a natural role in the study of control flow in computer programs. The different possible routes of execution through the program code correspond to the walks from a source to a termination vertex in a digraph called a “flowgraph”.
Applications of Combinatorics to Security
Authors: Blackburn Simon R , Piper Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are now many areas where users communicating over public channels require either secrecy or assurance of the integrity of their data. Not surprisingly, cryptography is one of the main tools used to meet these requirements and this use of cryptography leads to a number of interesting problems in a wide range of mathematical areas. In this paper we discuss three particular security requirements and show how they lead to interesting problems in three different branches of combinatorics. The paper places the emphasis on how the security application gives rise to the mathematical problems rather than concentrating on the detailed proofs of the mathematical solutions.
When Constraints are Easy to Satisfy
Authors: Jeavons* P , Cohen* D , Cooper; M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many practical combinatorial search problems may be expressed as constraint satisfaction problems, in which values must be assigned to a set of variables subject to a given set of constraints. Finding solutions to a constraint satisfaction problem is known to be an NP-complete problem in general, bi1t may be tractable in cases where the form of allowed constraints is restricted. In this paper we describe two sets of constraints which give rise to tractable problems and give polynomial time algorithms for solving such problems. We also prove that the class of problems generated by any superset of these sets of constraints is NP-complete. A number of important problems in artiflcial intelligence, graph theory and operational research may be formulated very naturally as constraint satisfaction problems [14,16]: they involve putting together pieces of information (constraints) to obtain a global solution which simultaneously satisfles all of them. Recent examples include object recognition problems for robots [9], generalized graph coloring[13] and stock cutting problems [6].