bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic and prognostic values ofapolipoprotein Dalterations in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Utsunomiya Tohru , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Yoshinaga Keiji , Ohta Mitsuhiko , Yamashita Keishi , Mimori Koshi , Inoue Hiroshi , Ezaki Takahiro , Yoshikawa Yasuji , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe previously identifiedapolipoprotein D(Apo D) as a novel tumor suppressor gene based on the pharmacological unmasking of epigenetic silencing. We analyzedApo Dexpression using real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR and evaluated its expression status based on the clinicopathological parameters of 70 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunohistochemical staining was also performed. We determined the methylation status ofApo Dgene promoter by methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). TheApo Dgene‐expression in tumor tissue was significantly lower than that in nontumor tissue (p= 0.011). A lowApo Dexpression significantly correlated with less‐differentiated HCC (p= 0.019). Immunohistochemical studies confirmed a decreased Apo D expression in poorly differentiated tumors. The prognosis of patients with a lowerApo Dgene‐expression was significantly worse than that in those with a higher expression (p= 0.028). TheApo Dgene‐expression was an independent prognostic factor (relative risk: 2.36,p= 0.018). An MSP assay showed a low‐level of methylation in well differentiated HCC and a high‐level of methylation in less differentiated tumors.Apo Dmay be a novel tumor suppressor gene of HCC, and its expression status may be a useful biomarker for predicting the patient outcome. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coffee consumption and the risk of primary liver cancer: Pooled analysis of two prospective studies in Japan
Authors: Shimazu Taichi , Tsubono Yoshitaka , Kuriyama Shinichi , Ohmori Kaori , Koizumi Yayoi , Nishino Yoshikazu , Shibuya Daisuke , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough case‐control studies suggested that coffee consumption is associated with a decreased risk of liver cancer, no prospective cohort study has been carried out. To examine the association between coffee consumption and the risk of liver cancer, we conducted a pooled analysis of data available from 2 cohort studies in Japan. A self‐administered questionnaire about the frequency of coffee consumption and other health habits was distributed to 22,404 subjects (10,588 men and 11,816 women) in Cohort 1 and 38,703 subjects (18,869 men and 19,834 women) in Cohort 2, aged 40 years or more, with no previous history of cancer. We identified 70 and 47 cases of liver cancer among the subjects in Cohort 1 (9 years of follow‐up with 170,640 person‐years) and Cohort 2 (7 years of follow‐up with 284,948 person‐years), respectively. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of liver cancer incidence. After adjustment for potential confounders, the pooled RR (95% CI) of drinking coffee never, occasionally and 1 or more cups/day were 1.00 (Reference), 0.71 (0.46–1.09) and 0.58 (0.36–0.96), respectively (p for trend = 0.024). In the subgroup of subjects with a history of liver disease, we found a significant inverse association between coffee consumption and the risk of liver cancer. Our findings support the hypothesis that coffee consumption decreases the risk of liver cancer. Further studies to investigate the role of coffee in prevention of liver cancer among the high‐risk population are needed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Spectroscopic constants of H2 using Monte Carlo methods, S.A. Alexander and R.L. Coldwell, International Journal of Quantum Chemistry(2004) 100(6) 851–857
Authors: Alexander S. A. , Coldwell R. L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (2004) 100(6)851–857
Chitosan‐Poly(acrylic acid): Mechanism of Complex Formation and Potential Industrial Applications
Authors: Chavasit Visith , Torres J. Antonio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe food industry is interested in polyelectrolytic coagulants of natural origin for the clarification of food beverages and the recovery of colloidal and dispersed particles from processing waste streams. This paper discusses potential industrial applications of recent findings on polymer complex formation obtained with a chitosanpoly(acrylic acid) model system. Process recommendations could be made on the basis of the ionic strength, pH, and charged group concentration of the fluid to be treated. Ionic strength does not affect the complex formation process. The amount of chitosan in the complex formed is controlled by the solution pH. The mechanism of complex formation indicates that pH measurements could be used to monitor the coagulation process.
Structural and Functional Repetition in a Marine Mussel Adhesive Protein
Authors: Filpula David R. , Lee Shwu‐Maan , Link Rebecca P. , Strausberg Susan L. , Strausberg Robert L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe DOPA‐rich polyphenolic protein secreted by the marine mussel Mytilus edulis establishes key chemical linkages in a water‐resistant adhesive. Molecular cloning of the gene for this remarkable protein reveals its primary structure as one of the most repetitive proteins identified in the animal kingdom. Expression and purification of polyphenolic proteins from recombinant yeast have provided sufficient material to demonstrate adhesivity of these polypeptides in the laboratory. Adhesive tests reveal a water‐resistant bonding capacity of the protein that is dependent on in vitro modification of tyrosine residues to DOPA and the subsequent oxidation to quinone.
New Strategies for the Design of Catalytic Antibodies
Authors: Janda Kim D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new approach is advanced which is aimed at expanding the scope of antibody catalysis. It entails the design and synthesis of haptens that will elicit antibodies to catalyze acyl transfer reactions by a methodology which we term “bait and switch” catalysis. What we have done involves the placement of a point charge on the hapten in close proximity to, or in direct substitution for, a chemical functional group we wish to transform in the respective substrate. The haptenic charge should induce a complementary charge (on an amino acid residue) at the binding site. The substrate will lack this charge but will retain a similar overall structure. The monoclonal antibodies that bind these substrates now have the potential to act as general acids/bases for substrates having hydrolyzable functional groups.
Sparged Animal Cell Bioreactors: Mechanism of Cell Damage and Pluronic F‐68 Protection
Authors: Murhammer David W. , Goochee Charles F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPluronic F‐68 is a widely used protective agent in sparged animal cell bioreactors. In this study, the attachment‐independent Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cell line was used to explore the mechanism of this protective effect and the nature of cell damage in sparged bioreactors. First, bubble incorporation via cavitation or vortexing was induced by increasing the agitation rate in a surface‐aerated bioreactor; insect cells were rapidly killed under these conditions of the absence of polyols. Supplementing the medium with 0.2% (w/v) Pluronic F‐68, however, fully protected the cells. Next, cell growth was compared in two airlift bioreactors with similar geometry but different sparger design; one of these bioreactors consisted of a thin membrane distributor, while the other consisted of a porous stainless steel distributor. The flow rates and bubble sizes were comparable in the two bioreactors. Supplementing the medium with 0.2% (w/v) Pluronic F‐68 provided full protection to cells growing in the bioreactor with the membrane distributor but provided essentially no protection in the bioreactor with the stainless steel distributor. These results strongly suggest that cell damage can occur in the vicinity of the gas distributor. In addition, these results demonstrate that bubble size and gas flow rate are not the only important considerations of cell damage in sparged bioreactors. A model of cell death in sparged bioreactors is presented.
Kinetics of the Ferrous Iron Oxidation by Resuspended Cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Nikolov L. N. , Karamanev D. G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFerrous sulfate solutions with concentrations of up to the limit of solubility (70 g/L Fe2+) were oxidized by free suspended cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The bacteria used were obtained from biofilm by resuspension. The oxidation rates were up to 2.2 g of ferrous iron per liter volume of liquid media per hour, which is more than 5 times higher than the maximal oxidation rates [0.4 g/(L·h)] reported in the literature. Kinetics of the process were studied in chemostat. A simple kinetic model based on the Monod equation assuming a competitive product inhibition and substrate inhibition mechanisms was used. The model described well the experimental data with input ferrous iron concentrations between 2 and 70 g of Fe2+/L. It was determined that temperatures between 18 and 37°C have almost no effect on the oxidation rate. The same effect was observed earlier for the oxidation of ferrous iron by biofilm of the same microorganisms. A suggestion is made that these bacteria change their activity owing to alterations during fixation in a biofilm. This change is irreversible.
Application of Continuous Substrate Feeding to the ABE Fermentation: Relief of Product Inhibition Using Extraction, Perstraction, Stripping, and Pervaporation
Authors: Qureshi Nasibuddin , Maddox Ian S. , Friedl Anton 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe technique of continuous substrate feeding has been applied to the batch fermentation process using freely suspended cells, for ABE (acetone–butanol–ethanol) production. To avoid the product inhibition which normally restricts ABE production to less than 20 g/L and sugar utilization to 60 g/L, a product removal technique has been integrated into the fermentation process. The techniques investigated were liquid‐liquid extraction, perstraction, gas‐stripping, and pervaporation. By using a substrate of whey permeate, the reactor productivity has been improved over that observed in a traditional batch fermentation, while equivalent lactose utilization and ABE production values of 180 g and 69 g, respectively, have been achieved in a 1‐L culture volume.
Immobilization of β‐Galactosidase on Chitosan
Authors: Carrara Carlos R. , Rubiolo Amelia C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe β‐galactosidase immobilization on chitosan was studied. Enzymatic activity and stability were determined for the different conditions used. The best results were obtained on chitosan beads of 2.2 mm diameter where the immobilization process was carried out at 37°C with a 1% glutaraldehyde concentration and the addition of galactose. The higher activity values of the immobilized enzyme compared with those of the free β‐galactosidase could be obtained over a larger pH range and were at higher pH's and temperatures, but the best activity is only 10.7% of the free enzyme values.
Ribosome‐Inactivating Protein Production from Trichosanthes kirilowii Plant Cell Cultures
Authors: Thorup John E. , Mcdonald Karen A. , Jackman Alan P. , Bhatia Nishant , Dandekar Abhaya M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo ribosome‐inactivating proteins (RIPs) found in Trichosanthes kirilowii root tuber, trichosanthin (27 kDa) and TAP‐29 (29 kDa), have been reported to exhibit antiviral (including HIV‐1) and antitumor activities. Using SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting analyses, we have studied the production of intracellular and extracellular proteins from T. kirilowii callus grown on semisolid medium, callus grown in suspension, and Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 transformed callus grown in suspension. This transformation resulted in callus rather than hairy root growth, although the growth rate of the transformed callus on hormone‐free medium was similar to that obtained for the nontransformed callus on hormone medium. Trichosanthin, identified through SDS/ PAGE and Western blotting, was detected only in root tuber and cell extracts of the transformed cell line. A 29‐kDa protein was found in intracellular extracts and extracellular solutions from all of the above samples; however, the highest yield was obtained from the broth of the agrobacterium‐transformed callus. Following ion‐exchange purification of the shake flask broth on a strong cation‐exchange column (S‐Sepharose), elution fractions containing the 29‐kDa protein showed a high degree of RIP activity, as evidenced by total inhibition of protein synthesis using an in vitro protein translation assay. The yield of the 29‐kDa protein recovered from the broth was greater than 1.0 % (w/w) of the dry weight of the callus. For comparison, the yield of TAP‐29 obtained by extraction of dried root tuber is on the order of 0.01% (w/w) of the dry weight (Lee‐Huang et al., 1991); our estimate of the 29‐kDa protein from our fresh root tuber is between 0.4% and 1% (w/w) on a dry weight basis.
Effect of Glucose Concentration on the Biomass and Phytase Productions and the Reduction of the Phytic Acid Content in Canola Meal by Aspergillus carbonarius during a Solid‐State Fermentation Process
Authors: Al‐Asheh Sameer , Duvnjak Zdravko 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt was found that an increase in the glucose amount up to and including 6 g per system in the initial solid‐state culture medium resulted in an increase in the rates of the biomass growth, enzyme concentration, and phytic acid content reduction in canola meal. Inhibition of the rates of the above processes was noticed in the systems with initial glucose amounts of 12 and 24 g. The canola meal systems with 12 and 24 g of glucose had longer growth phases than those tested with lower glucose amounts, and this resulted in their higher maximum enzyme activities. Logistic law was used to model the biomass production. Models that relate the enzyme production and the phytic acid content reduction with the time of the solid‐state fermentation process for each glucose concentration are given, and they fit the experimental data produced in this work reasonably well.
Biosynthesis of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) from Ethanol and Pentanol by Alcaligenes eutrophus
Authors: Park Chang‐Ho , Damodaran Vijay K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn alcohol utilizing Alcaligenes eutrophus NCIMB 12080 produced a copolymer, poly‐(hydroxybutyrate–valerate) (PHBV), in a computer‐controlled 7‐L fed‐batch fermentor when the alcohol feed contained pentanol. Pentanol as a sole carbon source was not efficient either for cell growth or for PHBV production. To achieve better cell growth and polymer production, two kinds of alcohol switch experiments were performed. The first was initial cell growth on a mixture of 50% ethanol (0.25 g/L) plus 50% pentanol (0.25 g/L) and a subsequent switch to 100% pentanol (0.5 g/L). After the alcohol switch, PHBV with 99 mol % hydroxyvalerate was produced for 7–11 h. Afterward, the hydroxybutyrate (HB) composition increased and the hydroxyvalerate (HV) mol % decreased to 63.1 mol %. The total cell mass was 5.4 g/L. The second alcohol switch was from 100% ethanol (0.5 g/L) to a mixture of 80% ethanol (0.4 g/L) plus 20% pentanol (0.1 g/L). A large amount of copolymer (47 g/L) was produced with a high polymer yield (0.64 g of polymer/g of alcohol), but the HV mol % did not exceed 13.5%. Residual biomass was 8.0 g/L.
Optimal Control of Fed‐Batch Fermentation with Autoinduction of Metabolite Production
Authors: Tartakovsky B. , Ulitzur S. , Sheintuch M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractInduction of metabolite production is a common feature of many cultures obtained by recombinant DNA technology. Synthesis of a product in these cultures is triggered by a sharp change in environmental conditions or by autoinduction in which the cells, under conditions of growth limitation, produce a species that initiates the synthesis. If product synthesis is the objective of the fermentation, then the time of induction should be optimized so that enough biomass is produced prior to induction while ample nutrient is left in the broth to sustain product synthesis after induction. In this study, recombinant luminous Escherichia coli has been used to portray an autoinductive culture in batch and fed‐batch fermentations. A model describing the cell density and substrate and inducer concentrations has been constructed, and its parameters were estimated. An optimal control strategy with three stages of the culture state (growth, inducer synthesis, and growth+product synthesis) was determined and validated experimentally by optimization of the substrate flow rate in a fed‐batch fermentation.
Development of Metabolically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells for the Production of Lactic Acid
Authors: Porro Danilo , Brambilla Luca , Ranzi Bianca Maria , Martegani Enzo , Alberghina Lilia 
Published: March 2005

AbstractInteresting challenges from metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells arise from the opportunity to obtain yeast strains useful for the production of chemical(s). In this paper, we describe the accumulation of lactic acid in the culture medium of growing, engineered yeast cells expressing a mammalian lactate dehydrogenase gene (LDH‐A). High and reproducible productions (20 g/L) and productivities (up to 11 g/L/h) of lactic acid have been obtained by modulating the physiological growth conditions. Since yeast cells are acid tolerant and survive at very low pH values, the production of lactate can be avoided. In perspective, the approaches described could be useful for the production of lactic acid, outflanking the problems related to the synthesis from bacteria cells. In fact, during industrial productions, there is an inhibitory effect on the metabolic activities of the growing bacteria (i. e., Lactobacillus spp.) caused by the acid produced and by the low pH value. Thus, strategies to prevent the lowering of pH are conventional operations. These processes allow the production of lactate(s) and require the purification of the acid from its salt. The biotechnological implications of this study are also discussed.
Membrane Chromatography—An Integrative Concept in the Downstream Processing of Proteins
Authors: Thömmes J. , Kula M.‐R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMembrane chromatography was introduced as an integrative technology for the purification of proteins several years ago. The main feature of chromatographic separations based on membranes is the absence of pore diffusion, which is the main transport resistance in conventional column chromatography using porous particles. This is achieved by attaching the active ligands to the inner surface of the through‐pores of microfiltration membranes, where mass transport takes place mainly by convective flow, thus reducing the transport limitations from pore to film diffusion. In combination with a low pressure drop across a membrane, very high volumetric flows are possible in a membrane‐based purification step; thus, the time requirement of a complete chromatographic cycle is reduced. The method is characterized by fast processing at preserved or even increased resolution compared to standard chromatography on particulate materials. Since its introduction, many successful applications of membrane chromatography have been described. Additionally, theoretical analysis has been performed, which has significantly helped to understand present and visualize future applications of this technology. In this review, the fundamental theoretical considerations from the actual literature are described, and then the applications of membrane‐based separation processes are presented. We have attempted to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technology in the purification of many interesting proteins.
Partial and Total Cell Retention in a Filtration‐Based Homogeneous Perfusion Reactor
Authors: Banik Gautam G. , Heath Carole A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSuspended mammalian cells can be cultivated in a variety of operational modes (pure chemostat, total cell retention, or partial cell retention) in a homogeneous perfusion bioreactor by varying the cell bleed rate. Hybridomas were grown in the reactor at a perfusion rate of 2.0 day−1 for over 10 weeks at different specific growth rates and viable cell densities achieved by varying the extent of cell retention. Cell metabolism in the reactor was found to vary with the extent of cell retention, which determined both cell density and specific growth rate. With partial cell retention, the nutrient consumption and metabolite production rates decreased with both increasing growth rate and increasing cell density. The specific and volumetric antibody production rates, however, increased dramatically with cell density (and to a lesser extent with decreasing growth rate). The specific MAb production rate was lower with total cell retention than with partial retention at the same growth rate. Since the reactor can be operated over a range of perfusion rates and extents of cell retention, the system can be used to culture cell lines with widely different productivity patterns.
Processing‐Related Fracture Origins: IV, Elimination of Voids Produced by Organic Inclusions
Authors: LANGE F. F. , DAVIS B. I. , WRIGHT E. 
Published: March 2005

Organic inclusions (e.g. lint) produce irregularly shaped voids observed at fracture origins. These voids can be eliminated from a powder compact by an organic burnout followed by isopressing at room temperature prior to sintering. This procedure was demonstrated for the case of voids produced by polystyrene spheres 4 to 100 μm in diameter.
Strength of Bottles as Affected by Limitations of Manufacturing Processes *
Authors: Preston F. W. 
Published: March 2005

Letter of Transmittal
This paper is part of the proceedings of the Standard Testing Procedure Committee of the Glass Container Association of America. The reasons that caused the Committee to ask for a more or less formal statement of what was known on this subject will be apparent from the paper itself. The members of the Committee, namely, Mr. Bowes, Mr. Flint, Mr. Hiller, Mr. Lyon, and Mr. Roche, as well as Mr. Hendrickson, Mr. Lester, myself, and various others associated with the Committee, have read the paper and offered criticisms. Although we do not necessarily, either as individuals or as a Committee, concur in all that is said, we believe that the paper offers a new approach to some difficult problems connected with strength, a primary concern of the Committee, and that it may act as a basis for industrial advances or for further contributions by others outside the Committee.V. L. Hall, Secretary, Glass Container Association
Model for the Formation of Silicon Carbide from the Pyrolysis of Dichlorodimethylsilane in Hydrogen: II, Silicon Carbide Formation from Silicon and Methane
Authors: Cagliostro Domenick E. , Riccitiello Salvatore R. 
Published: March 2005

A model is developed for the deposition of silicon carbide from the pyrolysis of dichlorodimethylsiane in hydrogen, in a tubular reactor at temperatures from 700° to 1100°C and 1.013 × 105 Pa (1 atm) pressure. Concentration of dichlorodimethylsilane varied from 2 to 8 vol%. Gas chromatography was used to determine the volatile products of reaction, and gravimetric analysis was used to determine the total silicon and silicon carbide deposition on the tube. The model developed based on the experimental data that assumes the following chemical reactions:

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The rate constants derived from a nonlinear regression analysis are reported.