bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerobic conditioning in patients with mitochondrial myopathies: Physiological, biochemical, and genetic effects
Authors: Taivassalo Tanja , Shoubridge Eric A. , Chen Jacqueline , Kennaway Nancy G. , DiMauro Salvatore , Arnold Douglas L. , Haller Ronald G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAerobic training has been shown to increase work and oxidative capacity in patients with mitochondrial myopathies, but the mechanisms underlying improvement are not known. We evaluated physiological (cycle exercise, 31P‐MRS), biochemical (enzyme levels), and genetic (proportion of mutant/wild‐type genomes) responses to 14 weeks of bicycle exercise training in 10 patients with heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Training increased peak work and oxidative capacities (20–30%), systemic arteriovenous O2 difference (20%), and 31P‐MRS indices of metabolic recovery (35%), consistent with enhanced muscle oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial volume in vastus lateralis biopsies increased significantly (50%) and increases in deficient respiratory chain enzymes were found in patients with Complex I (36%) and Complex IV (25%) defects, whereas decreases occurred in 2 patients with Complex III defects (‐20%). These results suggest that the cellular basis of improved oxygen utilization is related to training‐induced mitochondrial proliferation likely resulting in increased levels of functional, wild‐type mtDNA. However, genetic analysis indicated the proportion of wild‐type mtDNA was unchanged (3/9) or fell (6/9), suggesting a trend toward preferential proliferation of mutant genomes. The long‐term implications of training‐induced increases in mutant relative to wild‐type mtDNA, despite positive physiological and biochemical findings, need to be assessed before aerobic training can be proposed as a general treatment option.
Antibacterial copper(II) complexes of 1,1′‐symmetric ferrocene‐derived Schiff‐base ligands: studies of the effect of anions on their antibacterial properties
Authors: Chohan Zahid H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSymmetrically substituted 1,1′‐dimethylferrocene‐derived pyrazine, pyridine and thiazole Schiff‐base ligands and their copper(II) complexes have been prepared. The effect of anions on the antibacterial activity of these synthesized metal(II) complexes has been determined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testis ecdysiotropin, an insect gonadotropin that induces synthesis of ecdysteroid
Authors: Loeb Marcia J. , De Loof Arnold , Gelman Dale B. , Hakim Raziel S. , Jaffe Howard , Kochansky Jan P. , Meola Shirlee M. , Schoofs Liliane , Steel Colin , Vafopoulou Xanthe , Wagner Renee M. , Woods Charles W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTestes of lepidoptera synthesized ecdysteroid in a somewhat different temporal pattern than the prothoracic glands that release ecdysteroid to the hemolymph. Brain extracts from Heliothis virescens and Lymantria dispar induced testes to synthesize ecdysteroid, but did not affect prothoracic glands. The testis ecdysiotropin (LTE) was isolated from L. dispar pupal brains by a series of high‐pressure chromatography steps. Its sequence was Ile‐Ser‐Asp‐Phe‐Asp‐Glu‐Tyr‐Glu‐Pro‐Leu‐Asn‐Asp‐Ala‐Asp‐Asn‐Asn‐Glu‐Val‐Leu‐Asp‐Phe‐OH, of molecular mass 2,473 Daltons. The predominant signaling pathway for LTE was via Gi protein, IP3, diacylglycerol and PKC; a modulating pathway, apparently mediated by an angiotensin II‐like peptide, was controlled via Gs protein, cAMP, and PKA. Testis ecdysteroid caused isolated testis sheaths to also synthesize a growth factor that induced development of the male genital tract. The growth factor appeared to be a glycoprotein similar to vertebrate α‐1‐glycoprotein. A polyclonal antibody to LTE indicated LTE‐like peptide in L. dispar brain medial neurosecretory cells, the suboesophageal, and other ganglia, and also in its target organ, the testis sheath. LTE immunoreactivity was also seen in testis sheaths of Rhodnius prolixus. LTE‐like immunoactivity was also detected in developing optic lobes, antennae, frontal ganglia, and elongating spermatids of developing L. dispar pupae. This may indicate that LTE has a role in development as well as stimulation of testis ecdysteroid synthesis. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 47:181–188, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonstationary disposition of valproic acid during prolonged intravenous infusion: contributions of unbound clearance and protein binding
Authors: Arens Tori L. , Pollack Gary M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCircadian variations in disposition have been observed for a variety of agents, including anticonvulsants. Valproic acid (VPA), an anticonvulsant used to control generalized and partial seizures, has exhibited diurnal oscillations in steady‐state concentrations during long‐term administration to humans and non‐human primates. The present study was conducted to assess potential diurnal changes in the disposition of VPA during prolonged i.v. infusion in rats. Animals, maintained on a strict 12‐h per day light cycle, were equipped with venous cannulae and an arterial microdialysis probe. VPA was administered as a 50‐mg/kg loading dose followed by a 42 mg/kg/h infusion for 70 h. Blood and microdialysate samples were obtained at timed intervals after establishment of steady‐state throughout two complete light/dark cycles; and total (serum) and unbound (microdialysate) VPA was determined by gas chromatography. Modest oscillations (6–7 h period) in total and unbound VPA were observed; clearance and binding parameters were not different between light and dark periods. However, unbound clearance increased, and unbound fraction decreased, with time over the course of the infusion. These results suggest that time‐dependent changes in VPA disposition occur in rats, although oscillations in steady‐state concentrations do not appear to be diurnal in nature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of TAK‐044, a new endothelin antagonist, in rats
Authors: Takeuchi Toshiyuki , Tagawa Yoshihiko , Hagihara Kiyoshi , Maeshiba Yoshihiro , Yamashita Kenji , Tsukuda Ryoichi , Yoshimura Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe mechanism of the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of TAK‐044 in rats was shown from in vivo and in vitro studies to be due to capacity‐limited hepatic uptake. In the rats, which were given intravenous injections of 14C‐labeled TAK‐044 ([14C]TAK‐044) (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg), the AUCinf per unit dose of unchanged compound increased remarkably. An analysis model indicated that the CLtot, V1 and k12 values of TAK‐044 decreased significantly with increasing dose, whereas the kel values remained constant over the doses examined. The uptake clearance of [14C]TAK‐044 by several tissues was investigated by an integration plot at doses from 0.3 to 60 mg/kg. This study showed that the liver played the principal role in the removal of TAK‐044 from the plasma, while hepatic uptake was capacity‐limited at doses greater than 30 mg/kg. The hepatic uptake study using rat hepatocytes indicated that a carrier‐mediated transport system contributed to the hepatic uptake of TAK‐044, and this system had high affinity (Km,in vitro; 8.4 μmol/L) with low capacity (Vmax,in vitro; 86.3 pmol/mg protein/min). These results show that the saturation of hepatic uptake by the carrier‐mediated transport system could explain the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of TAK‐044 in rats. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphogenetic tissue movement and the establishment of body plan during development from blastocyst to gastrula in the mouse
Authors: Tam Patrick P. L. , Gad Jacqueline M. , Kinder Simon J. , Tsang Tania E. , Behringer Richard R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn many animal species, the early development of the embryo follows a stereotypic pattern of cell cleavage, lineage allocation and generation of tissue asymmetry leading to delineation of the body plan with three primary embryonic axes. The mammalian embryo has been regarded as an exception and primary body axes of the mouse embryo were thought to develop after implantation. However, recent findings have challenged this view. Asymmetry in the fertilised oocyte, as defined by the position of the second polar body and the sperm entry point, can be correlated with the orientation of the animal–vegetal and the embryonic–abembryonic axes in the preimplantation blastocyst. Studies of the pattern of morphogenetic movement of cells and genetic activity in the peri‐implantation embryo suggest that the animal–vegetal axis of the blastocyst might presage the orientation of the anterior–posterior axis of the gastrula. This suggests that the asymmetry of the zygote that is established at fertilisation and early cleavage has a lasting impact on the delineation of body axes during embryogenesis. BioEssays 23:508–517, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Remembering silence
Authors: Ringrose Leonie , Paro Renato 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPolycomb response elements (PREs) are regulatory switch elements that can direct the genes that they control to be either active or silenced. Once decided, this on or off state is maintained through subsequent cell divisions. We do not know how the switching works, or how it is copied to newly replicated chromosomes. Experiments that switch a silenced PRE to an active state have provided insights into both questions. A PRE switched experimentally can remember its previously silenced state and return to it after several cell divisions. In the most recent study of this phenomen on,(1) the data show that several distinct variables affect the ability of PREs to “remember” and restore their previous state. The authors' interpretation of these results is discussed here. BioEssays 23:566–570, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interaction of cyanine dyes with nucleic acids. XXI. Arguments for half‐intercalation model of interaction
Authors: Yarmoluk S. M. , Lukashov S. S. , Ogul'Chansky T. Yu. , Losytskyy M. Yu. , Kornyushyna O. S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe spectral luminescent properties of two groups of monomethine cyanine dyes were studied in the presence of DNA. The first group included five dyes with 5,6‐methylenedioxy‐[d]‐benzo‐1,3‐thiazole heterocycle and their unsubstituted analogs. Five monomethine pyrylium cyanines and their N‐methyl‐pyridine analogs were included in the second group. In each pair the pyrylium and pyridine dyes had similar geometry but differed in charge density distribution. The results presented some evidence in favor of the half‐intercalation interaction mode between the studied dyes and DNA. When the benzothiazole residue had the lowest electron donor ability between the two heterocycles in the dye molecule, its substitution with the bulky methylenedioxy group led to a significant decrease in fluorescence enhancement of the dye–DNA complex. On the contrary, when the substituents that create steric hindrance (e.g., methylenedioxy and methyl groups) were introduced into the heterocycle with the higher electron donor ability, the fluorescence enhancement value of the dye–DNA complex was virtually unchanged. The changes in the Stock's shift values upon the formation of the dye–DNA complexes were in agreement with the proposed half‐intercalation model. Interestingly, in the dye–DNA complexes the pyrylium dyes probably resided in a place similar to the pyridine ones. It is possible that the benzothiazole (or benzooxazole) ring intercalated between the DNA bases and the pyrylium (or pyridine) residue was located in the DNA groove closer to the phosphate backbone. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 219–227, 2001
Stoichiometric growth model for riboflavin‐producing Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Dauner Michael , Sauer Uwe 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRate equations for measured extracellular rates and macromolecular composition data were combined with a stoichiometric model to describe riboflavin production with an industrial Bacillus subtilis strain using errors in variables regression analysis. On the basis of this combined stoichiometric growth model, we explored the topological features of the B. subtilis metabolic reaction network that was assembled from a large amount of literature. More specifically, we simulated maximum theoretical yields of biomass and riboflavin, including the associated flux regimes. Based on the developed model, the importance of experimental data on building block requirements for maximum yield and flux calculations were investigated. These analyses clearly show that verification of macromolecular composition data is important for optimum flux calculations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 132–143, 2001.
Separation of amino acids, their derivatives and enantiomers by impregnated TLC
Authors: Bhushan R. , Martens J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe present state of TLC with respect to separation of amino acids, their different derivatives and their enantiomers by the technique of impregnation is discussed. The main approaches to impregnation viz. mixing of a suitable reagent with the adsorbent prior to plate‐making, immersion of the untreated plate in the solution of impregnating reagent prior to development, and modification of the adsorbent, have been identified and discussed for each class of these compounds. The role of impregnation in resolving enantiomers or in improving the separation of mixtures of amino acids or their derivatives in terms of ion pairing, complex formation, ligand exchange or other steric interactions has been elaborated in each category. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral resolution of flurbiprofen and ketoprofen enantiomers by HPLC on a glycopeptide‐type column chiral stationary phase
Authors: Péhourcq F. , Jarry C. , Bannwarth B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVancomycin is an amphoteric, glycopeptide, macrocyclic antibiotic. When attached to 5 µspherical silica gel, vancomycin proved to be an effective chromatographic chiral stationary phase that could be used in the reversed‐phase mode. In this study, a bonded vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V™) was investigated for the chiral liquid chromatography analysis of ketoprofen and flurbiprofen. The selectivity factor (α) and the chiral resolution factor (RS) of Chirobiotic V™ were evaluated first as a function of the buffer pH and molarity, and second as a function of organic modifier type and composition of the mobile phase. Four organic modifiers (tetrahydrofuran, 2‐propanol, 1,4‐dioxane and methanol) have been tested for their selectivity. Optimized conditions using 20% of tetrahydrofuran in ammonium nitrate (100 mM, pH 5) were selected for the enantioseparation of flurbiprofen and ketoprofen from their racemic forms. At pH 5, these acidic compounds are almost negatively charged, while the chiral selector possesses a positive charge allowing it to interact electrostatistically with the analytes. Using these chromatographic conditions, the column stability was excellent over several months of experiments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘Armistead’ project: an exploration of gay men, sexual practices, community health promotion and issues of empowerment
Authors: Crossley Michele L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecently emerging evidence indicates that some gay men / men who have sex with men (MWHSWM) are continuing to engage in unsafe sexual practices despite over a decade of health education/promotion. Accordingly, there have been recent attempts to ‘revamp’ health education/ promotion programmes as a means of encouraging participation. One way of doing this has been through government facilitation of ‘community’ based health promotion programmes. These programmes attempt to regenerate social networks and supportive environments and to thereby empower gay men / MWHSWM. This paper explores some of the issues involved in this process in relation to an independent evaluation of a government funded community based health promotion project set up in the north‐west of England. Drawing on interviews and focus groups with clients and agencies involved with the project, it explores some of the connections and conflicts between empowerment, safer sex and government funded health promotion interventions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute and mid‐term results of phosphorylcholine‐coated stents in primary coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Galli Mario , Sommariva Luigi , Prati Francesco , Zerboni Santino , Politi Alessandro , Bonatti Roberto , Mameli Stefano , Butti Elena , Pagano Alberto , Ferrari Giovann 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the BiodivYsio phosphorylcholine‐coated stent in the primary treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The BiodivYsio stent (Biocompatible) is a balloon‐expandable stent, laser etched from a 316 L stainless steel tube. This device is coated with phosphorylcholine, a synthetic, hemocompatible phospholipid polymer that has been shown in experimental studies to reduce platelet and protein adhesion to the surface of the metal. One hundred consecutive patients within 24 hr of symptoms of onset of acute MI, treated with primary PTCA, were enrolled. After PTCA, stenting was attempted in all eligible lesions (reference diameter ≥ 2.5 mm; no bend lesion > 45°). Poststenting regimens contained ticlopidine (500 mg/day) and aspirin (325 mg/day) and 6–12 hr of heparin infusion. Procedural success (TIMI ≥ II and residual stenosis < 30%) was obtained in 70/74 cases (95%). TIMI grade III was restored in 90% of cases. In the patient group with procedural success (70 cases), 70 BiodivYsio stents were placed. After stenting, diameter stenosis decreased from 96% ± 11% to 22% ± 12% (P < 0.01) and minimal luminal diameter increased from 0.13 ± 0.29 to 2.47 ± 0.43 (P < 0.01). Nominal stent diameter was between 3.0 and 4.0 mm (mean, 3.5 ± 0.4 mm). Stent length was between 11 and 28 mm (mean, 17 ± 4.5 mm). Clinical follow‐up was obtained in all patients; angiographic follow‐up was performed in 65/70 (93%). No acute or subacute thrombosis was reported. Two in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were reported due to a nontreated left main disease that required coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. At follow‐up, MACE were found in 9 of 68 patients (13%), target lesion revascularization (TLR) in 6%, and CABG in the remaining 6%. Primary stenting with phosphorylcholine‐coated stent leads to excellent short‐ and mid‐term clinical outcomes and is associated with a restenosis rate of 12%. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:182–187. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minor myocardial injury after elective uncomplicated successful PTCA with or without stenting: Detection by cardiac troponins
Authors: Saadeddin Salam M. , Habbab Moh'd A. , Sobki Samia H. , Ferns Gordon A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCardiac troponins are sensitive and specific markers for the detection of minor myocardial injury. However, they have been rarely used to monitor myocardial injury after coronary stenting. The purpose of the study was to measure cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels after elective uncomplicated successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with or without coronary stenting and to compare their results with serum creatinine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB). CTnI and cTnT levels were compared with those of CK or CKMB in 98 consecutive patients with stable angina undergoing elective uncomplicated successful PTCA with stenting (n = 71) or without stenting (n = 27). Markers were measured before and 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr after the procedure. Peak postprocedural levels for each marker were compared and related to angiographic and procedural characteristics as well as to the occurrence of side‐branch occlusion. None of the patients had abnormal markers before the procedure. Abnormal postprocedural values of one or more markers were observed in 28 patients (29%), 23 after stenting and 5 after PTCA alone. The frequencies of abnormal cTnI and cTnT levels were significantly higher than that of CKMB after coronary intervention (26% and 18% vs. 7%; P = 0.00016 and 0.015, respectively), with cTnI being the most significant. When compared with troponin‐negative patients, abnormal cardiac troponin values were significantly related to total time of inflation (223 ± 128 vs. 170 ± 105 sec; P = 0.008) and inflation maximal pressure (12.9 ± 2.3 vs. 12.0 ± 2.7 atm; P = 0.04). Small side‐branch occlusion was noticed in 36% of the troponin‐positive patients and in 6% of the troponin‐negative group (P = 0.00047). In conclusion, minor myocardial injury is not uncommon after elective uncomplicated successful PTCA with or without stenting. Cardiac troponins, especially cTnI, are more sensitive than CKMB for the detection of this minor myocardial injury. Total time of inflation and inflation maximal pressure are predictors of postprocedural elevation of cardiac troponins. Side‐branch occlusion may account for some, but not all, periprocedural minor myocardial injury. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:188–192. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonhanded chirality in octahedral metal complexes
Authors: King R.B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractChiral molecules can either be handed (i.e., “shoes”) or nonhanded (“potatoes”). The only chiral ligand partition for tetrahedral metal complexes (or for a tetrahedral carbon atom such as that found in amino acids and other chiral biological molecules) is the fully unsymmetrical degree 6 partition (14), which leads to handed metal complexes of the type MABCD with a lowest‐degree chirality polynomial consisting of the product of all six possible linear factors of the type (si–sj) where 1 ≤ i,j ≤ 4. The lowest‐degree chiral ligand partitions for octahedral metal complexes are the degree 6 partitions (313) and (23) leading to handed chiral metal complexes of the types fac‐MA3BCD and cis‐MA2B2C2. The form of the lowest‐degree chirality polynomial for the (313) chiral ligand partition of the octahedron resembles that of the (14) chiral ligand partition of the tetrahedron, likewise with four different ligands. However, the form of the lowest‐degree chirality polynomial for the (23) chiral ligand partition of the octahedron corresponds to the square of the chirality polynomial of the (13) chiral ligand partition of the polarized triangle, which likewise has three different ligands. Ligand partitions for octahedral metal complexes such as (2212), (214), and (16), which are less symmetrical than the lowest‐degree chiral ligand partitions (313) and (23), lead to chiral octahedral metal complexes which are nonhanded. In such complexes, pairs of enantiomers can be interconverted by simple ligand interchanges without ever going through an achiral intermediate. Chirality 13:465–473, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of multi‐flux theory based on Mie scattering to the problem of modeling the optical characteristics of colored pigmented paint films
Authors: Joshi J. J. , Vaidya D. B. , Shah H. S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMulti‐flux theory for multiple scattering calculations in pigmented/protective coating is described. Performance evaluation of the theory is made by comparing theoretically computed reflectance with experimentally measured ones for selected wavelengths for three different paint samples. Diffuse reflectance spectra for hypothetical particulate systems in visible spectral range are generated through computer calculations. Effect of variation in average pigment size and pigment size distribution on reflectance spectra is studied. Overall thrust of morphological characteristics of pigments on the color exhibited by paint dispersion is studied by calculating CIE color and color‐difference parameters of particulate systems. Results show that a very complex relationship exists between the morphological characteristics of pigments and color exhibited by the system. The outcome of the study is important for applications in paint, coating, and plastic industries. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 234–245, 2001