bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Dual‐Beam mmWave Filter‐Antenna With Wide Azimuth Beam for 5G Communication Systems
Authors: Mallat Nazih Khaddaj , Jafarieh Alireza , Nouri Mahdi , Fardinfar Farshideh , Behroozi Hamid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel mmWave antenna is proposed. This antenna has a dual beam pattern and a high gain. The proposed antenna is fed through a microstrip feed line. The feed line consists of a microstrip filter that omits out‐of‐band signals. The total measured gain of the proposed antenna is 6 dBi. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth. The total bandwidth of the antenna is 4.7 GHz which covers several 5G bands. The half‐power beam width of the proposed antenna is more than in both E and H‐planes. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a Rogers/RT duroid 5880 substrate. The total dimensions of the proposed antenna are . Where, is the wavelength of 28 GHz frequency. Measurements and simulation results are reported in this article.
‘Sowing and harvesting water’: Revisiting forest restoration in the Peruvian Andes through a multi‐stakeholder analysis
Authors: Christmann Tina , Cjuno‐Turpo Isaías , López‐Aranda Mayté , Wilson Sarah Jane , Cuni‐Sanchez Aida , Malhi Yadvinder , Ramirez Augusto , Rondán Vidal , Medina Castro Francisco , Mamani Marlene , Recharte Jorge , Arenas Marco , Aucca Chutas Constantino , Carrión Moreno Omar Amador , Gonzalez Cabello Frida Blanca , Oliveras Menor Imma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Efforts to restore Peru's megadiverse Andean Forests are rapidly growing. While ecological determinants for restoration success are well known, knowledge on the socio‐economic and governance conditions that allow for the success of ecological restoration using native species is scarce.

Using a multi‐stakeholder approach, this paper analyses the motivations, preferences, success factors and governance models for effective ecological restoration of Andean Forests, through 75 semi‐structured interviews with local community members, NGOs and government actors in 11 restoration sites in Peru.

We find that across sites and stakeholder groups, the primary motivations for Andean Forest restoration were tied to restoring and improving hydrological resources. Stakeholders valued Andean Forests mostly for their provisioning ecosystem services—with water provision valued by all stakeholders and firewood provision predominantly by communities—followed by regulating services (water retention and climate regulation).

Restoration success—the degree of perceived achievement of project objectives—was high at all sites and scored between 2.4 and 3 out of 3. Enabling factors for the restoration success were mostly social and institutional. There was no ‘silver bullet’ to successful restoration; rather, enabling factors included high resource dependence of communities, support from NGOs, participatory management and governance, and the creation of communal conservation agreements. Communities emphasized primarily social and institutional limiting factors, while government stakeholders emphasized technical challenges. We further identified three typologies of how projects engage and compensate communities: a ‘payment model’, a ‘capacity model’ and a ‘mixed model’ which differ in their rentability, longevity and socio‐economic benefits provided.

All stakeholder groups favoured active forest restoration and community members identified desirable native plant species with local use and hydrological value. Interviewees also highlighted that restoration needs to go beyond forests, and combine native tree planting, agroforestry, restoration of mountain grasslands and peatlands to holistically improve water resources and long‐term economic benefits at a landscape scale.

Synthesis and applications. Andean Forest restoration projects need to consider hydrological ecosystem services in all key restoration stages. Communities need to be involved through participatory processes and receive long‐lasting benefits—both ecosystem services and livelihood incentives—to guarantee long‐term project success.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Tailoring the crystallization, viscoelastic, and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene by nano‐tungsten carbide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Leena Snaha , Bhagavatula Sai Gopal Krishna , Nanoth Rasana , Jayanarayanan Karingamanna , Rajan Krishna Prasad , Theravalappil Rajesh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe study investigates the individual and collaborative effect of tungsten carbide (WC) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the surface characteristics, viscoelastic, and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP). The uniform dispersion of dual nanofillers was observed from TEM analysis, and the surface topography was revealed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). From the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the hybrid sample (1 wt% WC and 2 wt% MWCNT) exhibited the highest storage modulus (75% increase at 20°C compared with PP) and was further verified by several theoretical models. The Cole‐Cole plot of the hybrid composite sample exhibited deviation from the semi‐circle geometry due to the effective mixing of nanofillers in the matrix. The sample also manifested the highest creep resistance and 67% reduction in critical creep rate compared to neat PP. XRD and DSC analysis revealed that P/1W/2C sample has more thermodynamically stable α crystals. The thermal analysis showed that rapid cooling resulted in the formation of imperfect and non‐uniform crystals. The hybrid sample showed impeccable thermal degradation resistance with the lowest weight loss rate and the highest activation energy (say at 10°C/min, Tmax: 472°C, Ea: 269 kJ/mol).Highlights
Investigated the combined effect of WC and MWCNT bi‐nanofillers in the PP matrix.
Explored the surface roughness of the composite by AFM.
Evaluated the mechanical, and viscoelastic behavior of PP nanocomposite.
Estimated Ea for thermal degradation of PP nanocomposites using different models.
Demonstrated the effect of cooling rate on crystallization by DSC analysis.
Quantitative Benefit–Risk Assessment of Vaccination Against COVID‐19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Newbern E. Claire , Wildisen Lea , Verstraeten Rita , Willame Corinne , Haynes Kevin , Levitan Bennett , Praet Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeWith the introduction of COVID‐19 vaccines, there has been a proliferation of quantitative benefit‐risk assessments (qBRAs). Prior work on other types of vaccines has found that published qBRAs have not always clearly reported methods and/or results needed to assist in the application of the qBRA findings. The aim was to systematically identify, review, and critically assess published COVID‐19 vaccine qBRA. The ultimate goal is to support the future development of robust qBRA for existing, new, and updated vaccines.MethodsWe systematically reviewed COVID‐19 vaccine qBRAs identified from multiple sources through April 17, 2023, including literature databases, selected Health Authority websites, and a grey literature search. We critically assessed whether key features typical of qBRA were presented in these reports.ResultsWe identified 37 COVID‐19 vaccine qBRAs from screening 2220 publications and 18 other sources. The qBRAs were conducted on two mRNA and two adenoviral vector COVID‐19 vaccines. Only one qBRA represented low‐ and middle‐income countries. Although many qBRAs used simple calculations (n = 25), more complex models were presented in 15 reports. Simple approaches were able to employ stratification by age and/or sex to highlight safety issues affecting specific demographic groups and scenarios to account for changes in viral transmission and vaccine effectiveness over time. Details regarding data sources and analytic methods were missing or limited in some reports.ConclusionsThis comprehensive description and critical assessment of COVID‐19 vaccine qBRAs together with available guidance can be used to support the development of robust and transparent future vaccine qBRAs.
Non‐Markovian Dynamics in Fiber Delay‐Line Buffers
Authors: Lee Kim Fook , Kumar Prem 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe non‐Markovian effect is studied on a two‐photon polarization entangled state, in which one photon from the pair is stored in a fiber delay‐line buffer. A model of a photonic qubit coupled to fiber birefringence and a fiber reservoir representing the environment is proposed. Analytically, a non‐Markovian probability function is derived for the buffered photon and its paired photon. To verify the probability function, full quantum state tomography of the photon pairs is performed. The probability function fits well with the experimental data and physical values. These results indicate that the quantum system operates slightly above the threshold for a non‐Markovian transition. We observe a unique polarization dynamic of the buffered photon. Measures of quantum mutual information are further exploited to study the quantumness of the photon pairs. Werner's well‐known separability criterion occurs at a buffer time of about 0.9 ms. These results imply that quantum discord can surpass Werner's criterion, and hence, quantum bi‐partite correlation can exist for buffer times greater than 0.9 ms.
Adaptive Event‐Triggered Finite‐Time Control of Affine Cyber‐Physical Systems Under Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) and Deception Attacks
Authors: Roy Satyabrata , Chaudhary Aniket Karan , Guha Dipayan , Negi Richa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAiming at sustainable development to meet the requirements of Industry 5.0/6.0 revolutions, integrating a resilient, decentralized cyber‐tolerant control framework for large‐scale affine systems is indispensable. This work introduces an intelligent finite‐time cyber‐resilient control framework for an affine system under sensor/actuator deception and denial‐of‐service attacks. First, an adaptive disturbance observer employing a radial basis function neural network (RBF‐NN) has been formulated for smooth and fast estimations of unknown aggregated mismatched uncertainties, which include exogenous disturbance, sensor deception attack, and parametric perturbation. Later, an adaptive finite‐time control law integrated with RBF‐NN is formulated under event‐triggered action for the investigated cyber‐physical affine system. A suitable triggering condition for data communication through the sensor‐to‐controller channel has been derived using the Lyapunov approach, and input‐to‐state stability has been guaranteed under the designed control framework. Numerical simulations with in‐depth qualitative analysis have been showcased to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the applied control methodology. The suggested control methodology ensures optimal communication medium utilization and is superior in mitigating cyber intrusions.
In Silico Study of Two Linear Furanocoumarins for Dual Inhibition of Human Rhinovirus and SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Mountessou Bel Youssouf G. , Mbah Maraf B. , Wandji Nadine T. , Akintemi Eric O. , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Kouam Simeon F. , Mbouombouo Ibrahim N. , Singh Thishana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the discovery of antiviral drugs, targeting the 3‐chymotrypsin‐like cysteine protease (3CLpro) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is advantageous for developing a broad‐spectrum antiviral agent for the treatment of coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses, such as rhinoviruses. The promising biological activities of linear furanocoumarins reported in the literature, in addition to their quantum electronic properties, led to the in silico study of these compounds. Analysis of chemical reactivity descriptors of 3‐methoxypsoralen (1) and 3,5‐dimethoxypsoralen (2) using DFT and ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) methods indicates that the compounds are more water‐soluble, which is a favorable characteristic for clinical applications. Vibrational spectroscopy data are also presented. Molecular docking results revealed that 1 and 2 strongly bind to 3CLpro with relative affinities of −5.5 and −5.6 kcal mol−1, respectively. They were also docked against the human rhinovirus HRV3C main protease, with relative affinities of −8.4 and −7.3 kcal mol−1, respectively.
One‐Walled Phthalimide Extended Calix[4]Pyrrole‐Based Supramolecular Adsorbent for Alleviating Nitrate From Simulated Water
Authors: Rather Ishfaq Ahmad , Khan Suhail Ayoub , Ali Rashid , Khan Tabrez Alam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this investigation, meso‐substituted one‐walled phthalimide appended calix[4]pyrrole (mPth–C4P) was prepared from pthalimide functionalized dipyrromethane (DPM, 4), acetone, and freshly distilled pyrrole via both conventional as well as green protocols utilizing the deep eutectic solvent (DES) of N,N'‐dimethyl urea (DMU) & l‐(+)‐tartaric acid (TA) in an appropriate ratio of 7:3. In order to lessen the nitrate (NO3−) ion endowed eutrophication peril, the mPth–C4P was effectively employed as a supramolecular adsorbent for the sequestration of NO3− ion from aquatic phase. The mPth–C4P was extensively characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, SEM–EDX, and elemental mapping to corroborate the synthesis and adsorption of NO3− ion. The surface area was found to be 11.465 m2 g−1 and the pore size of 3.2 nm, pointed out to the mesoporous nature of mPth–C4P. Batch methodology was exploited for detailing the influence of process parameters on %efficiency and adsorption capacity. The mPth–C4P demonstrated excellent adsorption competence (> 91%) within 16 min from a [NO3−] of 20 mg L−1, which translates into a good pseudo‐second order rate constant value of 0.026 g mg−1 min−1. Freundlich model was the best‐fit model pointing out multilayer adsorption. The maximum saturation capacity was 239.03 mg g‒1 at 298 K, which is far better than most of the reported adsorbents indicating the potential of mPth–C4P to confiscate NO3−. The dynamics appraisal elucidated pseudo‐second order to favor the uptake with both intraparticle and liquid film diffusion models governing the rate of reaction. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the uptake of NO3− was spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic which is in harmony with the isotherm studies. The mPth–C4P can be used consecutively up to 4 cycles along with good potential in real water > 80% uptake. All these results established mPth–C4P as an efficacious scavenger for NO3− from simulated water.
Multiscale Collaborative Optimization for Composite Solid Electrolyte to Achieve High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Xinyu , Yang Xueying , Li Ruiyang , Lai Pengbin , Chen Minghui , Li Wei , Chen Qichen , Deng Yi , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jinbao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractComposite solid electrolytes (CSEs) possess significant advantages over individual polymer or inorganic solid electrolytes. However, conventional CSEs suffer from multiple scale issues, including interruptions in ionic transport pathways, incompatibility at heterogeneous interface, and the excessive thickness of electrolytes. Herein, a novel CSE with ultrathin structure (22 µm) based on the strategy of multiscale collaborative optimization (MC‐CSE) is designed. This strategy involves continuous, rapid, and homogeneous Li+ transport from macroscale to microscale. i) The bicontinuous structure of MC‐CSE is constructed via in situ polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane in a continuous yet porous Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (CP‐LLZTO) skeleton, which effectively reduces the barrier for Li⁺ transport at macroscale. ii) The continuous interconnected CP‐LLZTO and poly 1,3‐dioxolane (PDOL) phases within MC‐CSE ensures continuous Li+ transport at mesoscale. iii) CP‐LLZTO and PDOL synergistic interaction at heterogeneous interface, which facilitates the rapid and homogeneous Li+ transport at microscale. Consequently, the MC‐CSE shows both high ionic conductivity and Li⁺ transference number (1.04 mS cm−1 and 0.87). The cells assembled with MC‐CSE exhibit outstanding low‐temperature (−20 °C) and high‐voltage (4.5 V) performance. The strategy of multiscale collaborative optimization provides a promising perspective for the viability of lithium metal batteries at various conditions.
Exploring the Potential and Properties of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) Starches in Comparison With Conventional Starches for Food and Non‐Food Applications
Authors: Chandak Ankita , Dhull Sanju Bala , Chawla Prince , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Rose Pawan Kumar , Goksen Gulden , Kumar Rajesh , Muzaffar Nazish 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the present study, a comparative characterization of starch isolated from lotus seeds and lotus rhizomes was compared with mung bean starch (MBS) and potato starch (PS). The characterization of isolated starches was done based on physicochemical, pasting, morphological, structural, thermal, and rheological properties. Amylose content (AC) was observed the highest for lotus seed starch (LS) while it was the lowest for lotus rhizome starch (LRS). At 90°C, the swelling power was observed the highest for PS, that is, 26.86 g/g whereas it was the lowest for MBS, that is, 12.75 g/g. MBS starch showed the highest solubility (20.7%). The scanning electron micrographs of starches showed granules varying in shape and size from round to irregular, oval to elliptical shapes, and small to large sizes. The x‐ray diffraction polymorph of LRS, LS, and MBS demonstrated A‐type, whereas PS exhibited B‐type. Peak, trough, and breakdown viscosities were observed to be the highest for PS. PS had the lowest pasting temperature, while the highest was observed for LS. MBS and PS showed higher transition temperatures than LS and LRS. Therefore, MBS and PS can be exploited further for applications involving high processing temperatures. The enthalpy of gelatinization is highest for MBS and the lowest for LS. Frequency sweep measurement of starch pastes showed G′ and G″ values varying between 216 ‐ 2749 Pa and 86.6–228.2 Pa, respectively. This study indicated that starches of lotus have good AC, small granular size, and have potential to promote the development of products in food and non‐food industries. Overall, the present finding will encourage the utilization of starches extracted from the seed and rhizome of lotus for food and non‐food industries and potentially guide future studies on starch modifications and novel utilization.
Seismic Behavior of Buckling‐Restrained Steel Plate Shear Walls With Various Interconnection Ratios
Authors: Zhao Chu , Yu Jinguang , Zhong Weihui , Feng Xiaotian , Zhang Penghai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo minimize the panel forces applied on the frame columns and to safeguard the high seismic performance of the inner steel plates, the concept of buckling‐restrained steel plate shear walls (BRSPSWs) with partial plate‐frame connections was proposed. However, further investigation is needed to promote the application of this structure to supertall and tall structures, particularly regarding the influence of interconnection ratio on the performance of BRSPSW with various partial connection forms. In this study, finite element (FE) models of BRSPSW with groove and four‐corner connections were established, and the influences of span‐to‐height ratio, height‐to‐thickness ratio, and interconnection ratio on the seismic performance were parametrically analyzed. Subsequently, calculation methods for the shear bearing capacity of partially connected BRSPSWs under different interconnection ratios were proposed, and 51 FE models were used to verify the accuracy of the calculation methods. The changes in span‐to‐height ratio and height‐to‐thickness ratio on the seismic performance indexes for two partial connection BRSPSWs with the increase of connection ratios were summarized. Recommendations for the interconnection ratios of BRSPSWs with groove and four‐corner connections were provided. Additionally, the calculation formulas for the shear bearing capacity of partially connected BRSPSWs can provide accurate predictions.
Recent Advances in Wearable Sweat Sensor Development
Authors: Zhang Tao , Kabandana Giraso Keza Monia , Terrell John A. , Chen Hui , Chen Chengpeng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWearable sweat sensors for detecting biochemical markers have emerged as a transformative research area, with the potential to revolutionize disease diagnosis and human health monitoring. Since 2016, a substantial body of pioneering and translational work on sweat biochemical sensors has been reported. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field, offering insights and perspectives on future developments. The focus is on wearable microfluidic platforms for sweat collection and delivery and the analytical chemistry applicable to wearable devices. Various microfluidic technologies, including those based on synthetic polymers, paper, textiles, and hydrogels, are discussed alongside diverse detection methods such as electrochemistry and colorimetry. Both the advantages and current limitations of these technologies are critically examined. The review concludes with our perspectives on the future of wearable sweat sensors, with the goal of inspiring new ideas, innovations, and technical advancements to further the development and practical application of these devices in promoting human health.
Situating Gender and Education in Central Asia: An Introduction
Authors: Kuzhabekova Aliya , Durrani Naureen , Kataeva Zumrad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This edited volume is devoted to a comparative analysis of gender equality in Central Asia. The region is comprised of five post-Soviet countries—Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan, which became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991.
Current and Emerging Issues in Gender Equality in Education: What Does the Data Tell Us?
Authors: Harden-Wolfson Emma , Shakirova Lyazzat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter identifies current and emerging issues related to gender equality in education, providing a comparative analysis of education-related gender equality indicators across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Using data from UNESCO, the World Bank Gender Data Portal, the United Nations Development Programme’s Gender Inequality Index, country-level data, and other sources, the chapter is organized into four sections. First, the gendered educational landscape is examined, encompassing educational participation and attainment in compulsory and post-compulsory education across the countries. Second, the chapter explores gender differences in fields of study in higher education to understand patterns of gendered behaviour in education. Third, the chapter examines the role of female educators—teachers and researchers, and fourth, the chapter explores whether educational achievements for women are translating into societal leadership gains. The chapter concludes with brief country summaries highlighting key issues for gender equality in education. Despite presenting some statistics for the first time, caution is warranted due to the subjective nature of data and its limitations in capturing root causes and structural effects of gender inequality.