bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypereosinophilic syndrome: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: YALÇIN Nazif , ERTINMAZ OZKAN Aysegul , KOCA Nizameddin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES) is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of eosinophils generally associated with conditions such as allergic reactions or parasitic infections. This syndrome is characterized by excessive eosinophil production (>1500/mm3) that persists for more than six months and cannot be explained by secondary causes. HES symptoms can affect different body organs, and usually, nonspecific symptoms include fever, malaise, fatigue, rash, shortness of breath, and myalgia.
HES is a rare disease with multiorgan involvement, including the skin, joints, kidneys, vascular system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiac and pulmonary systems. The main feature of this disease is that overproduced eosinophils accumulate in organs and cause organ damage. Cardiac involvement plays a critical role in determining morbidity and mortality, and cardiac and large vessel thrombosis with severe clinical manifestations can also be observed.
Treatment aims to reduce the absolute eosinophil count, improve symptoms, and prevent disease progression. Pharmacologic therapy aims to maintain targeted eosinophil levels below 1.5 x 10^9/L (1500 cells/mcL) to reduce the symptoms of eosinophilic disease and prevent organ damage. Furthermore, indications for emergency treatment should be rapidly assessed and initiated promptly in appropriate patients.
This paper will discuss the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment modalities, and management challenges of HES in detail through two rare case examples.
Income versus Non-Income Barriers to Allopathic Health Care: Limits to Subsidies
Authors: Mushi Deograsias 
Published: January 2024

This paper studies non-income barriers to allopathic health care and considers possible scenarios for subsidy allocation to alleviate the consequent effects on access to public health care. A simple theoretical model is used to derive the effect of non-income barriers to health care and use data from Tanzania to carry out empirical verifications.
The results show that access to health care depends on both household income and non-income barriers. Knowledge about the benefits of allopathic health care is crucial in the decision to seek medical care. Information gaps on the benefits of health care system affect choice of providers of medical care. The effect is disproportionately distributed between the least and the relatively more informed households. Also, uniform subsidies in health care tend to favour those with proper knowledge of causes of disease episodes and benefits of allopathic health care. Thus, design of subsidies could reflect the effect of information gaps in order to reduce price sensitivity in charged public health care. However, it might be tedious to compute levels of subsidies by households, but regional indices of information gaps could help to design an effective subsidy scheme in public health care.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on the Economic Growth of Developing Countries: Some Empirical Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Mjema G 
Published: January 2024

The role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been widely recognized as a growth-enhancing factor. These flows enable host countries to achieve investment levels beyond what their own domestic savings can allow. Consistent with the ‘gap’ models which have followed the Harrod–Domar tradition, FDI is expected to bridge the savings, foreign exchange, technology or any other gaps said to impede most developing countries from achieving the desired levels of economic growth. In a typical less-developing country like Tanzania, savings are so low they cannot finance the investment needed. Likewise, the inflows of foreign exchange are too small to finance the imports of capital goods needed. More importantly, FDI is an important means of transferring modern technology and innovation from developed to developing countries.
This article analyzes the role of FDI in promoting economic growth through improvement of trade in Tanzania. Using macroeconomic data from various institutions in Tanzania, and employing a model in which growth is influenced by factors such as FDI, trade, inflation, employment and a combination of factors like human capital and FDI, the study has shown among other things that FDI flows enhance economic growth in recipient countries.
However, the study also shows that factors like human capital and trade do not have the expected positive impact on a country’s growth. This suggests that there is need for institutional stabilization policies and other ‘conditioning factors’ for FDI driven growth to materialize. Some of the ‘conditioning factors ‘needed for FDI to have the desired growth enhancing impacts include expansion of education opportunities from primary to tertiary levels, targeting inflation, and reducing the tax burden.
Agriculture Through Ages: Modern Challenges Towards Biofuels and Bioenergy Crops Agriculture
Authors: Msuya D. G. 
Published: January 2024

Human civilization has been through culminations of great achievements. This paper explores agricultural development in ancient and modern times, and the challenges yet to be resolved. At the beginning man invented how to cultivate, how to make fire, and moved from wild lifestyle to more settled livelihoods. He learnt and practised extensive systems such as slash-and-burn cultivation for millennia, and as population increased and knowledge accumulated he developed intensive systems such as greenhouse agriculture. Great developments have been associated with the industrial revolution of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, especially in areas of mechanization and use of industrial agricultural inputs. Both agricultural practices and industrial production have cost the world greatly in terms of environment degradation and environmental pollution. While the world is looking for remedies to environment degradation and pollution that are now intolerably threatening climate change, a new agricultural economic opportunity has emerged, which is not only important because of economic necessity, but it is also an important option towards solving the global warming and climate change threats. This is the use of biofuels and bioenergy as alternatives to fossil fuels use as a source of energy and power. The urgency of bio-fuels agriculture, particularly, seems to overwhelm what is the basic ecological role of world food subsistence agricultural production, with an additional role of producing almost the same food products to satisfy also the bio-fuels industry. This will obviously conflict on land use choices and commodity priority, and needs very thorough effort in planning and appropriate use of resources to avoid probably un-manageable consequences in near future.
Determinant of Effective Participatory Forest Management in Tanzania
Authors: Lokina Razack 
Published: January 2024

Participatory forest management (PFM) was introduced in Tanzania in 1998. PFM has been adopted as an official strategy to allow for wide participation of stakeholders in forest resource management, with a view that forests can be better managed under close involvement of forest users in decisions regarding appropriate management plans, rules and obligations pertaining to the resource. PFM has three main policy objectives: improved forest quality, improved livelihoods through increased forest revenue, and secure supply of subsistence forest products; and improved forest governance at district and village levels through effective and accountable resource management institutions. Thus PFM has been proposed as a way of both protecting Tanzania's forests and reducing rural poverty. The study utilizes data collected from face-to face interviews with 1000 villagers distributed among 50 villages in two regions of Tanzania. The level of success was assessed in terms of perceived conservation of the reserve forests, and the perceived influence of PFM on the welfare of individuals’ households.The data collected incorporates explicitly spatial elements of NTFP extraction and the enforcement of PFM regulations. Given the nature of the responses, we analyse the data using an ordered Logit model. Preliminary findings indicate that men, larger households, and those households that have their own source of fuelwood are more likely to perceive a particular PFM initiative as successful.
Women Strategizing Through Inyumba Mboke Marriage in Tanzania
Authors: Mhando Nandera 
Published: January 2024

This article explores the politics of a wife’s house and ways in which women act to maintain or build their ‘houses’. Inyumba mboke marriagesconsist of two Kuria words: inyumba, meaning the physical house, and also referring to a mother and her children; and mboke, which refers to the need for that house to stand or progress by marrying a wife to bear children for that house.The paper explains the position that both women and men play in marriage arrangements, and the reasons for continuing the practice. Gender is in some contexts flexible, as there are prospects for negotiation and even change in role and status, rendering gendered identities highly fluid. Yet biological sex is also of enormous significance because only women can give birth to children. Thus, infertility and even death can be overcome as sonless or childless women (dead or alive), and dead men may acquire offspring. In this regard, rather than seeing these relationships as ‘woman-to-woman marriage’ or ‘ghost marriage’, this study suggests that they comprise various different kinship and marriage relations that allow women to reproduce for the lineage, and to make descendants for themselves, even in the absence of husbands, lovers, and/or ‘real’ sons.
Exploring Factors Influencing Dropping-out of CommunityBased Health Insurance Schemes in Mpwapwa District, Tanzania
Authors: Alex Michael , Mwamfupe Asubisye 
Published: January 2024

Community-Based Health Insurance schemes are meant to expand the coverage of healthcare provision to, especially, the majority poor in the rural areas of the Developing World. Despite high sensitization and mobilization campaigns, enrolment, re-enrolment and utilization of such schemes have been unexpectedly low. This is also the case with the Redesigned Community Health Fund (rCHF) in Tanzania. We took a qualitative approach to explore the reasons for the drop-outs of the rCHF in Mpwapwa District in central Tanzania. We reviewed various rCHF-related documents and used Key Informant Interviews and Focused Group Discussions to collect data from randomly selected drop-out cases. The findings suggest the availability of drugs, premium costs, quality of healthcare facilities as key reasons influencing households to enrol, re-enrol or drop-out of the rCHF. In this paper we argue that rCHF should integrate more participatory approaches to understand local concerns and re-design the scheme to address the challenges.
Keywords: Drop-outs; Community Based Health Insurance; rCHF
Community-Based Health Insurance schemes are meant to expand the coverage of healthcare provision to, especially, the majority poor in the rural areas of the Developing World. Despite high sensitization and mobilization campaigns, enrolment, re-enrolment and utilization of such schemes have been unexpectedly low. This is also the case with the Redesigned Community Health Fund (rCHF) in Tanzania. We took a qualitative approach to explore the reasons for the drop-outs of the rCHF in Mpwapwa District in central Tanzania. We reviewed various rCHF-related documents and used Key Informant Interviews and Focused Group Discussions to collect data from randomly selected drop-out cases. The findings suggest the availability of drugs, premium costs, quality of healthcare facilities as key reasons influencing households to enrol, re-enrol or drop-out of the rCHF. In this paper we argue that rCHF should integrate more participatory approaches to understand local concerns and re-design the scheme to address the challenges.
Productive and Economic Losses Caused by Dichelops melacanthus in Transgenic Bt Maize Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Arturo Ferreira Agüero Marcos , de Los Ríos Peixoto Felisa , Benítez Sánchez Arsenio , Augusto Velásquez José , Daniel Vega-Brítez Gustavo , David Lesmo Duarte Nelson , Francisco Acosta Resquín Matheus 
Published: January 2024

Transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin produces a crystal (Cry) protein toxic to caterpillars that is non-toxic to stink bugs. The objectives of this study were to identify the number of plants attacked and not by Dichelops melacanthus, to evaluate foliar damage through the number of punctures, to evaluate plant height, weight of grain production by corn plants attacked and not and economic loss. The research was carried out on a commercial production agricultural farm in an area of 700 m2. Eight areas were evaluated (10 m × 1.8 m) randomly distributed and in V6 physiological stage. Data were recorded, tabulated in Excel spreadsheet and statistically analysed by T Student test with 5% of significance for comparison of two independent groups. The results indicate that 80.7% of corn plants were attacked by D. melacanthus presenting punctures in their leaves. The average height for attacked plants was 41.2 ± 2.2 cm and 41.5 ± 3.3 cm for not attacked. A significant reduction in production of 23% was verified. The weight of grains of attacked plant was in average 3048 ± 319 g and 3956 ± 269 g in not-attacked plant, demonstrating that the damage caused by D. melhacantus reduces Bt corn productivity and loss of income of 98.93 US dollars per hectare.
Pengaruh PDRB, TPAK, IPM terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan melalui Zakat sebagai Variabel Moderasi di Provinsi Jambi Tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Nengsih Titin Agustin , Andriani Beid Fitrianova , Sugiharto Joko 
Published: January 2024

This study aims to look at the effect of GNP, TAX, IPM on poverty levels through zakat as a moderating variable in Jambi province in 2018-2022. The type of research used is quantitative research. The location of this research is Jambi Province with a total of 11 districts and cities. The data sources in this study were obtained from the website of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the National Amil and Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of Jambi Province. Based on the results of data analysis, the following tasks were concluded. First, Simultaneously the variables of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labour Force Participation Rate (TPAK), Human Development Index (HDI) have a significant effect on the Poverty Level. Second, partially zakat cannot moderate Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labour Force Participation Rate (TPAK), Human Development Index (HDI) on Poverty Level. Third, simultaneously zakat can moderate Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labour Force Participation Rate (TPAK), Human Development Index (HDI), to the level of Poverty Level.
La competencia comunicativa intercultural de los estudiantes de Lengua Inglesa para el desarrollo del turismo de ciudad
Authors: Linares Dávalos Sandra , Alfonso Ramos Rosa Elvira 
Published: January 2024

La carrera Lengua Inglesa con Segunda Lengua Extranjera de la Universidad de Matanzas, inserta en la práctica pre profesional a los estudiantes en la interpretación del patrimonio y la promoción del turismo de ciudad. Una aproximación a esta actividad desde la comunicación, implica definir cuáles son los componentes cognitivo-comunicativos que garantizan su calidad.
El objetivo de este artículo es sistematizar los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan el desarrollo de la Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural para la interpretación del patrimonio en estos estudiantes. La investigación se fundamentó en la concepción dialéctico-materialista como método general de la ciencia. Se emplearon métodos de la investigación educativa, tanto del nivel teórico como del empírico: el histórico-lógico, el inductivo-deductivo y el analítico-sintético. Entre los métodos empíricos: el análisis documental, la observación, la encuesta y la entrevista. Como resultado se identificó el estado inicial del problema investigado, sus posibles vías de solución, así como la motivación y disposición con respecto al tema. El desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural para la interpretación del patrimonio aporta a la formación integral y humanista del estudiantado pues contribuye a la preservación del patrimonio y favorece su desempeño en los futuros modos de actuación una vez egresados.
Assessment of Indonesian Life Insurance Customer Behavior: Investment Return Potential For Evaluating Market Discipline
Authors: Irewati Titiek 
Published: January 2024

Market discipline, which concerns aspects of monitoring and the ability of market participants to play a role in influencing management behavior, is an aspect of the financial industry that has not yet clearly existed in the life insurance industry in Indonesia. This condition is the background of a study that aims to determine the possibility of market discipline in the life insurance industry in Indonesia through observation of the relationship between the acquisition of investment returns of life insurance companies with the acquisition of new business and termination of contracts or lapse policies. Testing based on sample data from 27 life insurance companies (Financial Statements published by OJK) resulted that: can accept the hypothesis of a positive correlation (unidirectional) trend between investment returns and new businesses, but cannot accept the hypothesis that there is a negative tendency (not in the same direction) between investment returns and policy lapse. The market (life insurance consumers) has not been able to express disapproval of the company's performance that is not in accordance with the wishes.
Modificaciones inducidas por la instalación de sistemas abiertos sobre potencial hídrico del tallo y conductancia de hoja en vid y durazno
Authors: Reyes-Salas Víctor Manuel , Aureoles-Rodríguez Fabiola , Galván-Luna Juan José , I Gomís Joan Girona , Marsal-Vila Jordi 
Published: January 2024

Al estudiar la transpiración de árboles frutales en campo, a nivel de todo el árbol, es necesario considerar la utilización de sistemas abier tos para la estimación real de las tasas de transpiración que aporten información confiable de consumos de agua de forma similar a la que se obtendría con un lisímetro. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las modificaciones inducidas por la instalación de sistemas abiertos sobre el potencial hídrico del tallo y la conductancia de hoja en vid y durazno, y sobre la transpiración de árboles de durazno. Se utilizaron árboles de durazno (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cv. O Henry sobre pa trón Montclar y plantas de vid (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir) sobre por tainjerto SO4, las cuales se colocaron en sistemas abiertos, mientras que una tercera se dejó abierta al aire libre como testigo. Las variables evaluadas fueron: temperatura, conductancia estomática, potencial hídrico y transpiración. La temperatura en el interior de las cámaras fue consistentemente superior a las del ambiente externo. Los árboles de durazno colocados dentro de las cámaras presentaron un potencial hídrico del tallo más negativo que el testigo. La conductancia estomá tica de las plantas de vid que se colocaron en las cámaras fue mayor que en las plantas al aire libre. Se concluye que el emplazamiento de un sistema abierto aumenta de forma importante la transpiración de las plantas que contiene. Posiblemente el aumento de la transpi ración, detectada con el uso de un sistema abierto, pueda inducir un cierto nivel de estrés hídrico en el caso de plantas sensibles a la de manda evaporativa.
Relación entre poliembrionía, apomixis y xenia en maíces poliembriónicos: evaluación en plántula
Authors: Avendaño-Sánchez Marselino Celestino , Espinoza-Velázquez José , Rodríguez-Herrera Raúl , De León-Castillo Humberto 
Published: January 2024

La poliembrionía (PE) es una condición que con frecuencia se asocia a otros fenómenos reproductivos en angiospermas, como la apomixis. En maíz ha sido identificada por varios años y se hereda mayormen te por herencia mendeliana. El Instituto Mexicano del Maíz “Dr. Mario E. Castro Gil” de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (imm uaaan) ha generado genotípicos con alta PE (55 a 65%), condición asociada a más grasa cruda (30%) y lisina (40%) que en maíz común. La hipótesis del trabajo amplio es la probable asociación de PE con apomixis y xenia. Este informe sólo presenta la evaluación agronó mica, dejando para otro los estudios de ADN. Los experimentos para seguir los tres fenómenos consistieron en el desarrollo de diversas progenies F1 (S1 o medios hermanos) y una serie de cruzamientos entre genotipos PE y no poliembriónicos (NPE), con o sin relación ge nética, derivadas todas de la población enana de alta PE (BAP). Las variables evaluadas fueron: porcentaje de germinación (GER), PE y anormalidades (ANOR). La PE para las líneas S1 y MH fue de 55 a 68%, la cual coincide con el nivel en BAP. Sin embargo, la evaluación mor fológica de líneas S1 y MH no brindaron información relevante sobre la posible relación PE-apomixis. En el estudio para xenia tampoco se detectó el probable efecto del genotipo paterno en el fenotipo de la progenie, pero se pudo corroborar la naturaleza recesiva de este tipo de poliembrionía y la penetrancia incompleta asociada a ella en la de tentada por los maíces del imm-uaaan. Todos los genotipos, paternos y progenies, proporcionaron tejido foliar para estudios futuros de ADN, conservado bajo condiciones de congelación.
Características morfológicas relacionadas con la tolerancia a sequía en triticale
Authors: Montejo-Hernández Javier , Lozano-del Río Alejandro Javier , Zamora-Villa Víctor Manuel , Lozano-Cavazos Carlos Javier , Ibarra-Jiménez Luis , De la Garza Iliana 
Published: January 2024

El factor abiótico más importante que limita el crecimiento de los cultivos es la disponibilidad de agua. El rendimiento es el principal índice de selección bajo condiciones de estrés de humedad. La eficiencia de selección puede mejorarse si se identifican atributos morfológicos y/o fisiológicos ligados al rendimiento bajo ambientes de estrés y emplearse como criterio de selección complementario. Estas características deben estar relacionadas positivamente con la tolerancia al estrés y ser de fácil evaluación. El estudio se realizó en dos localidades del norte de México durante el ciclo otoño-invierno (OI) 2012-2013, en Zaragoza, Coah., y el verano de 2013, en Navidad, N.L., donde se evaluaron 33 genotipos de triticale bajo diferentes regímenes de humedad. El diseño experimental consistió en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones por tratamiento en los cinco ambientes. Se realizaron análisis de varianza individuales por ambiente y combinados entre ambientes para las variables estudiadas. Las variables fueron: longitud de pedúnculo (LP), longitud de espiga (LE), peso seco de pedúnculo (PSP), peso seco de espigas (PSE), peso seco de hoja bandera (PSHB) y rendimiento de grano (RG). Se registraron diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas entre ambientes, tratamientos y la interacción ambientes x tratamientos. La prueba de comparación de medias entre los ambientes mostró que los ambientes con menor estrés hídrico reportaron los mayores valores para todas las características. Los análisis de regresión entre las variables morfológicas y agronómicas estudiadas y el rendimiento de grano mostraron una estrecha relación significativa y positiva con el rendimiento de grano, siendo factible la selección indirecta para tolerancia a sequía en triticale, particularmente la longitud del pedúnculo, la cual es una característica de fácil evaluación visual en campo, convirtiéndose en herramientas útiles en la selección de genotipos en ambientes con déficits de humedad.