bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first simultaneous spectroscopic and monochromatic imaging observations of short-wavelength infrared aurora of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$ Meinel (0,0) band at 1.1 $$\mathrm {\mu }$$m with incoherent scatter radar
Authors: Nishiyama Takanori , Kagitani Masato , Furutachi Senri , Iwasa Yuki , Ogawa Yasunobu , Tsuda Takuo T. , Dalin Peter , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Nozawa Satonori , Sigernes Fred 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study presents a first simultaneous observation of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

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Meinel (0,0) band (hereafter, $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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(M)) aurora by cutting-edge short-wavelength infrared imaging spectrograph (NIRAS-2) and monochromatic camera (NIRAC) installed at the Kjell Henriksen Observatory (78$$^\circ$$

∘

N, 16$$^\circ$$

∘

E). On January 21 2023, $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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+

(M) intensification that is associated with a band-shape aurora structure was observed by the NIRAS-2 and the NIRAC having temporal resolutions of 30 s and 20 s, respectively. In addition, the European incoherent scatter Svalbard Radar also observed electron density variations at the same time. Electron density measured at altitude range from 100 km 120 km shows similar variations as of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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2

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(M) intensity, which implies that a primary source of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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(M) emissions is direct collisions of $$\mathrm {N_{2}}$$

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2

by precipitating electrons penetrating down to around 100 km altitude (up to 10 keV). However, the observation also demonstrated moderate correlations between $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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(M) intensity and electron density above 140 km, which implies that different $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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(M) generation process, $$\mathrm {N_2}$$

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charge exchange with $$\mathrm {O^{+}}$$

O
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, may work up to near 160 km and make a non-negligible contribution to $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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(M) emissions. This hypothesis would be verified with further radar observations or stereo imaging observations useful to estimate the vertical distribution of the emission layers. The $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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(M) is a very promising target wavelength for aurora observation because the quality of sensors is highly expected to improve further and further. Continuous observations with our new instruments will undoubtedly provide an important information of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

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(M) characteristics, for future missions of both balloon-borne and satellite-borne imaging.
Graphical Abstract
Social and psychological implications of actual and defacto childlessness among older persons in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Teerawichitchainan Bussarawan , Ha Jung-Hwa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe examine how ageing without children is linked to older adults’ social participation and psychological distress in selected East and Southeast Asian countries (South Korea, China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar). Recognizing the nuances of such ageing experiences, we distinguish between actual childlessness (older persons without children) and defacto childlessness (older persons whose children all lived far away). We harmonize and analyze recent nationally representative survey data from the five abovementioned countries, utilizing both descriptive and multivariate approaches. First, we investigate the prevalence and dimensions of actual and defacto childlessness. Second, we examine the extent to which actual and defacto childlessness are associated with social participation and psychological distress in old age. The analyses focus on gender and wealth differences. We find that actual childlessness is associated with lower levels of social participation in Southeast Asian countries and greater levels of psychological distress in Korea, Thailand, and Myanmar. The effects of defacto childlessness are, however, mixed. We discuss the social and psychological implications of childlessness for older adults across varying societal contexts in the five Asian countries.
Laparoscopic median arcuate ligament section for median arcuate ligament compression syndrome initially detected as splenic infarction: a case report
Authors: Takagi Toru , Morita Yoshifumi , Matsumoto Akio , Ida Shinya , Muraki Ryuta , Kitajima Ryo , Furuhashi Satoru , Takeda Makoto , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Hiroya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Median arcuate ligament compression syndrome (MALS) causes upper abdominal pain and at times hemodynamic abnormalities in the pancreaticoduodenal region.
Herein, we present a case of a 70 year-old man, initially diagnosed with splenic infarction and was successfully treated laparoscopically.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old man with abdominal pain admitted to our hospital. Abdominal-enhanced computed tomography revealed a poorly contrasted area in the spleen and stenosis at the root of the celiac artery. Arterial dilatation was observed around the pancreaticoduodenal arcade, however, no obvious aneurysm formation or arterial dissection was observed. Abdominal-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging indicated the disappearance of the flow void at the root of the celiac artery. The patient had no history of atrial fibrillation and was diagnosed with splenic infarction due to median arcuate ligament compression syndrome. We performed a laparoscopic median arcuate ligament section with five ports. Intraoperative ultrasonography showed a retrograde blood flow in the common hepatic artery and the celiac artery. After releasing the compression, the antegrade blood flow from the celiac artery to the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery were visualized using intraoperative ultrasonography. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, and he was discharged on postoperative day 9. Postoperative computed tomography a month after surgery revealed no residual stenosis of the celiac artery or dilation of the pancreaticoduodenal arcade. Furthermore, the poorly contrasted area of the spleen improved.

Conclusions
Reports indicate that hemodynamic changes in the abdominal visceral arteries due to median arcuate ligament compression are related to the formation of pancreaticoduodenal aneurysms. In this case, median arcuate ligament compression syndrome caused splenic infarction by reducing blood flow to the splenic artery.
Duodenal tuberculosis with gastric outlet obstruction: a case report of successful diagnosis and treatment, with review of literature
Authors: Sato Nami , Shiobara Masayuki , Wakatsuki Kazuo , Suda Kosuke , Miyazawa Kotaro , Aida Toshiaki , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Tawada Katsunobu , Matsubara Yoshiki , Hosokawa Yohei , Yoshioka Shigeru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Duodenal tuberculosis (TB) is extremely rare, and its diagnosis is challenging owing to the lack of specific symptoms and radiological or endoscopic findings. When it leads to gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), diagnosing it accurately and providing appropriate treatment is crucial. However, this is often overlooked.

Case presentation
A 35-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, fullness, vomiting, and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and radiography revealed nearly pinpoint stenosis with edematous and reddish mucosa in the D1/D2 portion of the duodenum. Computed tomography (CT) showed the duodenal wall thickening, luminal narrowing, multiple enlarged abdominal lymph nodes, and portal vein stenosis. Conventional mucosal biopsy during endoscopy revealed ulcer scars. We initially suspected stenosis due to peptic ulcers; however, chest CT revealed cavitary lesions in both lung apices, suggesting tuberculosis. Due to the suspicion of duodenal TB and the need to obtain deeper tissue samples, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed. The tissue sample showed caseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells, and acid-fast bacilli were positive by Ziehl–Neelsen staining. The patient was diagnosed with duodenal TB and subsequent GOO. Because the patient had difficulty eating, surgical intervention was prioritized over antitubercular drugs, and laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy was performed. The patient started an oral diet on the 3rd postoperative day and began antitubercular treatment immediately after discharge on the 11th day. During the 6th month of treatment, endoscopic examination revealed residual duodenal stenosis; however, the bypass route functioned well, and the patient remained asymptomatic.

Conclusions
An aggressive biopsy should be performed to diagnose duodenal TB. EUS-FNA has proven to be a useful tool in this regard. Both nutritional improvement and antitubercular treatment were achieved early and reliably by performing laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy for duodenal TB with GOO.
Non-invasive intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm forming a protruding lesion toward the duodenum from the accessory papilla: a case report
Authors: Kawahara Shinnosuke , Yamamoto Naoto , Washimi Kota , Kanemoto Rei , Takahashi Daishi , Kamioka Yuto , Hashimoto Itaru , Kamiya Mariko , Kato Aya , Maezawa Yukio , Kazama Keisuke , Murakawa Masaaki , Sawazaki Sho , Aoyama Toru , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Oshima Takashi , Yukawa Norio , Rino Yasushi , Yokose Tomoyuki , Saito Aya , Morinaga Soichiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN), previously classified as a subtype of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), has been described as an independent disease by the WHO since 2019. IOPN is a rare tumor, with few reported cases. Herein, we report a case of resected non-invasive IOPN that formed a lesion protruding toward the duodenum from the accessory papilla.

Case presentation
An 80-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a giant mass in the pancreatic head detected on abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) performed for a close examination of a mass in the right breast. CT revealed a 90-mm-sized tumor with a mixture of solid and cystic components, with contrast enhancement in the pancreatic head, and a dilated main pancreatic duct. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a semi-circumferential papillary tumor protruding toward the duodenal lumen, which did not protrude from the papilla of Vater. Transpapillary biopsy led to a preoperative diagnosis of IPMN with an associated invasive carcinoma. As there were no distant metastasis, open subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Analysis of the surgical specimen and histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was an IOPN that protruded toward the duodenal mucosa from the accessory papilla while replacing the duodenal mucosa with no obvious stromal invasion.

Conclusion
IOPN is a rare and poorly recognized tumor with few reported cases. There have been no reports describing IOPN forming a protruding lesion toward the duodenum from the accessory papilla. Therefore, further accumulation of cases such as this one is important to advance the study of IOPN.
Impact of COVID-19 on food security and diet quality in Chilanga District, Zambia
Authors: Sridhar Shela , Kang Janella , Makasa Joyce , Bell-Cross Sally , Madzorera Isabel , Zulu Ethan , Hamer Davidson H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Food security and nutrition have been severely impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to quantify the impacts of the pandemic on food security and diet diversity within Chilanga District in Zambia and identify target areas for high-impact social protection and safety net programs.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Chilanga district immediately after the Omicron variant surge in February 2022. Diet quality and food security were assessed based on a household diet questionnaire and a Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W) score was calculated. A paired t-test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant change in the MDD-W score and McNemar test was used to investigate the change in food security between the pre- and peri-COVID-19 period.

Results
Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, there were increases in food prices across the board in the peri-COVID-19 period and decreased consumption of key food categories including legumes, dairy and vitamin A rich foods. Despite high rates of food insecurity, only 6.6% of surveyed households received any cash or in-kind assistance from a government agency, non-profit, or other organization in the post-COVID-19 period.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on food security and dietary diversity in Chilanga district. This is particularly relevant in the low-income communities that we surveyed, which had pre-existing challenges with food security. Additional resources must be invested in Chilanga District and similarly affected areas to address this gap in access to food and promote national equity.
Trial Registration N/A.
Flammability features of native and non-native woody species from the southernmost ecosystems: a review
Authors: Toy-Opazo Octavio , Fuentes-Ramirez Andrés , Palma-Soto Valeria , Garcia Rafael A. , Moloney Kirk A. , Demarco Rodrigo , Fuentes-Castillo Andrés 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Vegetation plays a crucial role in the ignition, propagation, and severity of fire, and understanding the relationship between plants and fire through flammability attributes has become a useful tool that is increasingly used in studies on fire dynamics worldwide. However, in the southern cone of South America, rather few studies have systematically and specifically addressed the flammability of vegetation, and yet fewer have compared native and non-native species. Given the increasing interest in knowing the flammability characteristics of vegetation, this review aims to assess the potential differences in flammability between native and non-native plant species that inhabit the southern cone and to identify the main methodologies and experiments used to analyze vegetation flammability.

Results
Twenty-eight species were identified, 18 native to the region and 10 non-native. Additionally, 64 experimental tests were revised to evaluate plant flammability. It was found that Cryptocarya alba, Acacia dealbata, Eucalyptus globulus, and Pinus ponderosa are the species with a high flammability index. By contrast, the species Araucaria araucana, Austrocedrus chilensis, Embothrium coccineum, and Persea lingue showed low flammability. The methodologies used to evaluate vegetation flammability were highly variable, with the use of epiradiators being the most frequent.

Conclusions
Our review indicates that the geographic origin of vegetation (native vs. non-native in South America) is not a decisive factor in determining species-level differences in flammability. Other relevant factors that contribute with the degree of plant flammability include fuel moisture, the morphology of the species, and its internal chemical compounds. We highlight the necessity of continuing the study of plant flammability and advance in the standardization of protocols and measurements, using uniform criteria and increasing comparative studies between species, particularly in the southern cone of South America where catastrophic wildfires are increasing.
The moderating effect of dividend policy on the relationship between the corporate risk disclosure and firm value: evidence from Egypt
Authors: El-Deeb Mohamed Samy , Allam Mohamed Fathy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of corporate risk disclosure (CRD) and dividend policy (DP) on firm value (FV) for non-financial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange. Using a sample of 45 non-financial firms from 2016 to 2022, which yielded 315 firm-year observations, we find a significant positive relationship between CRD and FV, supporting signaling theory. DP also exhibits a positive association with FV. Additionally, DP positively moderates the CRD-FV relationship, indicating a complementary effect where dividends enhance the CRD's positive signal. The results are robust across fixed effects, random effects, and pooled OLS models. This study makes key empirical and theoretical contributions by validating the hypothesized relationships in the Egyptian context. It also provides managerial insights into value drivers for public firms in developing economies. Further research can corroborate the findings in other emerging markets. Overall, this paper enhances understanding of the linkages between risk disclosure, dividend policy, and firm valuation outcomes.
Retrospective Case Series of Spinal Cord Neurapraxia in Male Adolescent Athletes: Can These Athletes Return-to-Play?
Authors: Jo Jacob , Anesi Trevor J. , Vance E. Haley , Sills Allen K. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Bonfield Christopher M. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
While spinal cord neurapraxia (SCN) is a documented pathology in athletes, guidance for neurosurgeons evaluating these patients is sparse. Therefore, in a cohort of adolescent athletes with SCN, we sought to (1) review their presentation and management and (2) describe outcomes and return-to-play (RTP).

METHODS:
A single-center, retrospective case series was conducted to examine adolescent athletes diagnosed with SCN from 2017 to 2022. SCN was defined as an episode of bilateral upper and/or lower extremity weakness/numbness after an impact during sport. Collected variables included demographics, presentation, management, outcomes, and RTP.

RESULTS:
Six patients were included (mean age = 14.5 ± 2.1 years, 100.0% male). Three American football players sustained tackle injuries, 1 ice hockey and 1 basketball player fell and landed on their head/neck, and 1 weight lifter sustained an axial load of weights to his neck. Motor symptoms ranged from quadriplegia to partial weakness. Full symptom resolution was seen in 6/6 patients: in <1 day for 3 patients, 2–3 days for 2 patients, and 1–2 months for 1 patient. All 6/6 patients received computed tomography of head/cervical spine and MRI of cervical spine, half of whom received computed tomography and MRI of thoracic/lumbar spine. No patient had congenital stenosis or abnormal T2 signal on MRI. Specific RTP recommendations varied. All 6 patients/parents were contacted at a mean of 16.6 ± 2.6 months from the injury. All patients returned to play at a mean of 5.7 ± 3.3 months. All 6 patients returned to their previous sports. Across all patients, no recurrence or neurological sequelae was endorsed in the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION:
Six athletes with SCN with no imaging abnormalities and full symptom resolution were able to RTP to their previous sport without future consequence. Symptom duration may not be clinically useful in determining the feasibility of RTP. Follow-up studies are warranted in this patient cohort to standardize RTP recommendations.
Exploiting spatiotemporal regulation of FZD5 during neural patterning for efficient ventral midbrain specification
Authors: Yang Andy , Chidiac Rony , Russo Emma , Steenland Hendrik , Pauli Quinn , Bonin Robert , Blazer Levi L. , Adams Jarrett J. , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Goeva Aleksandrina , Salahpour Ali , Angers Stephane 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling governs anterior-posterior neural patterning during development. Current human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation protocols use a GSK3 inhibitor to activate Wnt signaling to promote posterior neural fate specification. However, GSK3 is a pleiotropic kinase involved in multiple signaling pathways and, as GSK3 inhibition occurs downstream in the signaling cascade, it bypasses potential opportunities for achieving specificity or regulation at the receptor level. Additionally, the specific roles of individual FZD receptors in anterior-posterior patterning are poorly understood. Here, we have characterized the cell surface expression of FZD receptors in neural progenitor cells with different regional identity. Our data reveal unique upregulation of FZD5 expression in anterior neural progenitors, and this expression is downregulated as cells adopt a posterior fate. This spatial regulation of FZD expression constitutes a previously unreported regulatory mechanism that adjusts the levels of β-catenin signaling along the anterior-posterior axis and possibly contributes to midbrain-hindbrain boundary formation. Stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hPSCs, using a tetravalent antibody that selectively triggers FZD5 and LRP6 clustering, leads to midbrain progenitor differentiation and gives rise to functional dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo.
Mutation of the SWI/SNF complex component Smarce1 decreases nucleosome stability in embryonic stem cells and impairs differentiation
Authors: Kashiwagi Katsunobu , Yoshida Junko , Kimura Hiroshi , Shinjo Keiko , Kondo Yutaka , Horie Kyoji 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex consists of more than ten component proteins that form a large protein complex of &gt;1 MDa. The catalytic proteins Smarca4 or Smarca2 work in concert with the component proteins to form a chromatin platform suitable for transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanism by which each component protein works synergistically with the catalytic proteins remains largely unknown. Here, we report on the function of Smarce1, a component of the SWI/SNF complex, through the phenotypic analysis of homozygous mutant embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Disruption of Smarce1 induced the dissociation of other complex components from the SWI/SNF complex. Histone binding to DNA was loosened in homozygous mutant ESCs, indicating that disruption of Smarce1 decreased nucleosome stability. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis suggested that there was an ectopic genomic distribution of the SWI/SNF complex upon disruption of Smarce1, accounting for the misregulation of chromatin conformations. Unstable nucleosomes remained during ESC differentiation, impairing the heterochromatin formation that is characteristic of the differentiation process. These results suggest that Smarce1 guides the SWI/SNF complex to the appropriate genomic regions to generate chromatin structures adequate for transcriptional regulation.