bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to Mitigate Epidemic Risks: A Dynamic Population Game Approach
Authors: Hota Ashish R. , Maitra Urmee , Elokda Ezzat , Bolognani Saverio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present a dynamic population game model to capture the behavior of a large population of individuals in presence of an infectious disease or epidemic. Individuals can be in one of five possible infection states at any given time: susceptible, asymptomatic, symptomatic, recovered and unknowingly recovered, and choose whether to opt for vaccination, testing or social activity with a certain degree. We define the evolution of the proportion of agents in each epidemic state, and the notion of best response for agents that maximize long-run discounted expected reward as a function of the current state and policy. We further show the existence of a stationary Nash equilibrium and explore the transient evolution of the disease states and individual behavior under a class of evolutionary learning dynamics. Our results provide compelling insights into how individuals evaluate the trade-off among vaccination, testing and social activity under different parameter regimes, and the impact of different intervention strategies (such as restrictions on social activity) on vaccination and infection prevalence.
Mindful eating and eating behaviours in Greece: exploring the validity and reliability of two mindful eating scales and other eating behaviours for Greek-speaking populations
Authors: Mantzios Michail , Zervos Konstantinos , Koletsi Marsha , Giannou Kyriaki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Mindful eating has seen an increase in clinical and non-clinical practices of changing health outcomes. Meanwhile, the restriction of not having validated scales in other languages proposes a barrier to exploring the impact of mindful eating cross-culturally, and specific to the present project, across Greek-speaking populations, limiting the potential of exploring the association with Mediterranean dieting.

Methods
In the present research, volunteers (n = 706) completed online the Mindful Eating Behaviour Scale and the Mindful Eating Scale. A forward–backwards translation, leading to face validity, and was assessed for internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha) and followed up by an assessment of the factorial structure of the scales. Divergent and convergent validity was explored using motivations to eat palatable foods, grazing, craving, Dusseldorf orthorexia, Salzburg emotional eating, and the Salzburg stress eating scales.

Results
Results indicated that both scales displayed good internal consistency, and the assessment of the factorial structure of the scales was equally good and semi-consistent with the English versions, with parallel analyses and item loadings proposing problems that have been shown in critical review literature. Associations of mindful eating scales to other eating behaviours were replicated to previously established findings with English-speaking populations.

Conclusions
Findings that deviated from the expected outcomes are central to the discussion on the measurement of mindful eating, and further direction highlights the way forward for researchers and clinicians.

Level V
Descriptive studies.
Effects of surface morphology on tribological properties of Arapaima gigas scales
Authors: Zhang Shuaijun , Bai Pengpeng , Wen Xiangli , Wen Chengwei , Cao Hui , Yang Wanyou , Tian Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe remarkable mechanical adaptability of arapaima (Arapaima gigas) scales has made them an important subject of study. However, no research has been conducted into their tribological properties, which are crucial for the protectability and flexibility of arapaimas. In this study, by combining morphological characterizations, friction experiments, and theoretical analyses, the relationship between the surface morphology and tribological properties of arapaima scales is determined. These results indicate that arapaima scales exhibit varying surface morphologies in different regions. More specifically, the exposed regions of scales feature grooves and a circulus, whereas the covered regions exhibit bumps. The specific surface morphology of arapaima scales produces varying tribological properties across different regions and sliding directions. The unique tribological properties of arapaima scales influence the forces received from predator attacks and neighboring scales, directly influencing the arapaima’s protective capabilities. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of natural flexible dermal armors, and it has potential applications in personal protective systems.
Spatial Pattern of Plant Transpiration Over China Constrained by Observations
Authors: Cui Jiangpeng , He Mingzhu , Lian Xu , Wei Zhongwang , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPlant transpiration is a key flux of surface water loss to the atmosphere, determining the available surface water for ecosystem and human use. However, over China, the magnitude of transpiration and its spatial pattern remain poorly understood due to a lack of constraints from in situ observations. Here we compile 34 plot‐scale annual transpiration measurements across China to evaluate the performance of four transpiration products, and then produce a new constrained transpiration map for China. The transpiration map reveals an annual value of 209.0 mm yr−1, while the four transpiration products have a large spread of values (173.4–307.9 mm yr−1), especially in the wet southeastern regions. Land surface models exhibit large biases in modeled transpiration (−62.8% to 49.1%) compared to our constrained transpiration, and tend to underestimate transpiration in wet regions while overestimating it in dry regions. This behavior introduces bias in runoff projections which has ramifications for regional water resource management policies.
Solar Wind Parameters Influencing Magnetosheath Jet Formation: Low and High IMF Cone Angle Regimes
Authors: Vuorinen Laura , Hietala Heli , LaMoury Adrian T. , Plaschke Ferdinand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetosheath jets are localized flows of enhanced dynamic pressure that are frequently observed downstream of the Earth's bow shock. They are significantly more likely to occur downstream of the quasi‐parallel shock than the quasi‐perpendicular shock. However, as the quasi‐perpendicular geometry is a more common configuration at the Earth's subsolar bow shock, quasi‐perpendicular jets comprise a significant fraction of the observed jets. We study the influence of solar wind conditions on jet formation by looking separately at jets during low and high interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone angles. According to our results, jet formation commences when Alfvén Mach number MA ≳ 5. We find that during low IMF cone angles (downstream of the quasi‐parallel shock) other solar wind parameters do not influence jet occurrence. However, during high IMF cone angles (downstream of the quasi‐perpendicular shock) jet occurrence is higher during low IMF magnitude, low density, high plasma beta (β), and high MA conditions. The distribution of quasi‐parallel (quasi‐perpendicular) jet sizes parallel to flow peaks at ∼0.3 RE (∼0.1 RE). Some quasi‐perpendicular jets formed during high β and MA are particularly small. We show two examples of high β and MA quasi‐perpendicular shock crossings. Jets were observed in the transition region, but not deeper in the magnetosheath. A more detailed look into one jet revealed signatures of gyrating ions, indicating that gyrobunched ions near the shock may produce jet‐like enhancements. Our results suggest that jets form as part of the quasi‐perpendicular shock dynamics amplified by high solar wind MA and β.
Different Behaviors of Outer Radiation Belt keV and MeV Electrons During Two Sequential Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Wu H. , Chen T. , Kalegaev V. , Ye S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectron flux dropout is an extraordinary phenomenon in the outer radiation belt, which is characterized by a drastic depletion in trapped electron populations over a broad range of energies, pitch angles, and L‐shells. Using data from multiple satellites, we study a 5‐day dropout of MeV electrons and a several‐hour dropout of keV electrons in geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) during two sequential geomagnetic storms. Outward radial diffusion caused real loss of MeV electrons, while asymmetric and depressed magnetic fields led to adiabatic variations in keV electron fluxes. In addition to time scale differences, low‐energy keV, medium‐energy keV and high‐energy MeV electron fluxes behaved differently, involving an increasing trend, an initial decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend, and a decreasing trend, respectively, as observed by Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSPs) and low‐altitude satellites during the first storm. Substorm injections accompanied by inward radial diffusion initially produced an enhanced flux of electrons with energies up to ∼100 keV. Chorus waves generated in morning side of magnetosphere were responsible for scattering part of this seed population into the atmosphere. In turn, these enhanced but short‐lived chorus waves accelerated lower‐energy keV electrons to achieve a moderate energy level of hundreds of keV within one day. Additionally, the initial slow outward radial diffusion was associated with MeV electron loss, and there was insufficient time for acceleration by chorus waves, so only MeV electrons could maintain long‐term dropout. Competition between energy‐ and L‐shell‐dependent acceleration and loss mechanisms caused different keV and MeV electron behaviors.
Image‐Based Classification of Intense Radio Bursts From Spectrograms: An Application to Saturn Kilometric Radiation
Authors: O’Dwyer E. P. , Jackman C. M. , Domijan K. , Lamy L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSaturn Kilometric Radiation (SKR) is a non‐thermal auroral emission with peak emission occurring at 100–400 kHz. Its properties have been extensively studied since Cassini's arrival at Saturn until mission end with its Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) experiment. Low Frequency Extensions (LFEs) of SKR which consist of global intensifications of SKR accompanied by extensions of the main SKR band down to lower frequencies have been studied in particular. Low Frequency Extensions result from internally driven tail reconnection and from solar wind compressions of the magnetosphere, which also trigger tail reconnection. They have been cataloged through visual inspection with two approaches, using an intensity threshold for LFEs in 2006 (Reed et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja024499) and more recently O’Dwyer et al. (2023a, https://doi.org/10.25546/103103) produced a sample of LFEs detected by Cassini/RPWS by fitting their exact frequency‐time coordinates with polygons. In this study we use the latter catalog of LFEs as a training set for an image based machine learning algorithm to classify all LFEs detected by Cassini/RPWS. The inputs to the model are multi‐channel images consisting of spectrogram images in flux density and degree of circular polarization. The outputs of the model are binary masks showing the exact location of the LFE in frequency‐time space. The median Intersection Over Union across the testing and training set were calculated to be 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The output of this study is a list of all 4,874 LFEs detected using this method. The list of LFE frequency‐time coordinates is available for use amongst the scientific community.
Mutualism reduces the severity of gene disruptions in predictable ways across microbial communities
Authors: Martinson Jonathan N V , Chacón Jeremy M , Smith Brian A , Villarreal Alex R , Hunter Ryan C , Harcombe William R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Predicting evolution in microbial communities is critical for problems from human health to global nutrient cycling. Understanding how species interactions impact the distribution of fitness effects for a focal population would enhance our ability to predict evolution. Specifically, does the type of ecological interaction, such as mutualism or competition, change the average effect of a mutation (i.e., the mean of the distribution of fitness effects)? Furthermore, how often does increasing community complexity alter the impact of species interactions on mutant fitness? To address these questions, we created a transposon mutant library in Salmonella enterica and measured the fitness of loss of function mutations in 3,550 genes when grown alone versus competitive co-culture or mutualistic co-culture with Escherichia coli and Methylorubrum extorquens. We found that mutualism reduces the average impact of mutations, while competition had no effect. Additionally, mutant fitness in the 3-species communities can be predicted by averaging the fitness in each 2-species community. Finally, we discovered that in the mutualism S. enterica obtained vitamins and more amino acids than previously known. Our results suggest that species interactions can predictably impact fitness effect distributions, in turn suggesting that evolution may ultimately be predictable in multi-species communities.
Outcomes for patients with EBV-positive PTLD post-allogeneic HCT after failure of rituximab-containing therapy
Authors: Socié Gérard , Barba Pere , Barlev Arie , Sanz Jaime , García-Cadenas Irene , Chevallier Patrice , Fagioli Franca , Guzman-Becerra Norma , Kumar Deepali , Ljungman Per , Pigneux Arnaud , Sadetsky Natalia , Yáñez San Segundo Lucrecia , Shadman Mazyar , Storek Jan , Thirumalai Dhanalakshmi , Xing Baodong , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV+) post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is an ultra-rare and aggressive condition that may occur following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) due to immunosuppression. Approximately half of EBV+ PTLD cases are relapsed or refractory (R/R) to initial rituximab-containing therapy. There are limited treatment options and no standard of care for patients with R/R EBV+ PTLD, and little is known about their treatment history and outcomes. We performed a multinational, multicenter, retrospective chart review of patients with R/R EBV+ PTLD following HCT to describe patients’ demographic and disease characteristics, treatment history, and overall survival (OS) from rituximab failure. Among 81 patients who received initial treatment with rituximab as monotherapy (84.0%) or in combination with chemotherapy (16.0%), median time from HCT to PTLD diagnosis was 3.0 months and median OS was 0.7 months. Thirty-six patients received a subsequent line of treatment. The most frequent causes of death were PTLD (56.8%), graft-versus-host disease (13.5%) and treatment-related mortality (10.8%). In multivariate analysis, early PTLD onset and lack of response to initial treatment were associated with mortality. This real-world study demonstrates that the prognosis of patients with R/R EBV+ PTLD following HCT remains poor, highlighting the urgent unmet medical need in this population.
IGF2BP2-meidated m6A modification of CSF2 reprograms MSC to promote gastric cancer progression
Authors: Ji Runbi , Wu Chenxi , Yao Jun , Xu Jiajin , Lin Jiang , Gu Hongbing , Fu Min , Zhang Xiaoxin , Li Yongkang , Zhang Xu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe interaction between tumor cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important tumor stromal cells that exhibit pro-oncogenic activities when reprogrammed by the tumor. However, the precise mechanisms underlying MSC reprogramming in gastric cancer remain not well understood. QRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to examine gene and protein expression levels. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the biological functions of gastric cancer cells. RNA-sequencing, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and meRIP assays were performed to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms. We found a significant increase in the expression and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification levels of colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) in gastric cancer MSCs. CSF2 gene overexpression induced the reprogramming of normal MSCs into cancer-promoting MSCs, thereby enhancing the proliferation, migration, and drug resistance of gastric cancer cells through the secretion of various pro-inflammatory factors. Additionally, we demonstrated that the m6A reader IGF2BP2 bound to and stabilized CSF2 mRNA in gastric cancer MSCs. Notably, overexpression of IGF2BP2 mimicked the effect of CSF2 on MSCs, promoting gastric cancer progression. Finally, we unveiled that CSF2 induced the ubiquitination of Notch1 to reprogram MSCs. Our study highlights a critical role of IGF2BP2-mediated m6A modification of CSF2 in reprogramming MSCs, which presents a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
The squeezed dark nuclear spin state in lead halide perovskites
Authors: Kirstein E. , Smirnov D. S. , Zhukov E. A. , Yakovlev D. R. , Kopteva N. E. , Dirin D. N. , Hordiichuk O. , Kovalenko M. V. , Bayer M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoherent many-body states are highly promising for robust quantum information processing. While far-reaching theoretical predictions have been made for various implementations, direct experimental evidence of their appealing properties can be challenging. Here, we demonstrate optical manipulation of the nuclear spin ensemble in the lead halide perovskite semiconductor FAPbBr3 (FA = formamidinium), targeting a long-postulated collective dark state that is insensitive to optical pumping after its build-up. Via optical orientation of localized hole spins we drive the nuclear many-body system into this entangled state, requiring a weak magnetic field of only a few milli-Tesla strength at cryogenic temperatures. During its fast establishment, the nuclear polarization along the optical axis remains small, while the transverse nuclear spin fluctuations are strongly reduced, corresponding to spin squeezing as evidenced by a strong violation of the generalized nuclear squeezing-inequality with ξs < 0.5. The dark state corresponds to an ~35-body entanglement between the nuclei. Dark nuclear spin states can be exploited to store quantum information benefiting from their long-lived many-body coherence and to perform quantum measurements with a precision beyond the standard limit.
Ultra-high-throughput mapping of the chemical space of asymmetric catalysis enables accelerated reaction discovery
Authors: Nie Wenjing , Wan Qiongqiong , Sun Jian , Chen Moran , Gao Ming , Chen Suming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe discovery of highly enantioselective catalysts and elucidating their generality face great challenges due to the complex multidimensional chemical space of asymmetric catalysis and inefficient screening methods. Here, we develop a general strategy for ultra-high-throughput mapping of the chemical space of asymmetric catalysis by escaping the time-consuming chiral chromatography separation. The ultrafast ( ~ 1000 reactions/day) and accurate (median error < ±1%) analysis of enantiomeric excess are achieved through the ion mobility-mass spectrometry combines with the diastereoisomerization strategy. A workflow for accelerated asymmetric reaction screening is established and verified by mapping the large-scale chemical space of more than 1600 reactions of α-asymmetric alkylation of aldehyde with organocatalysis and photocatalysis. Importantly, a class of high-enantioselectivity primary amine organocatalysts of 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine-based sulfonamides is discovered by the accelerated screening, and the mechanism for high-selectivity is demonstrated by computational chemistry. This study provides a practical and robust solution for large-scale screening and discovery of asymmetric reactions.
Palmitoyltransferase DHHC9 and acyl protein thioesterase APT1 modulate renal fibrosis through regulating β-catenin palmitoylation
Authors: Gu Mengru , Jiang Hanlu , Tan Mengzhu , Yu Long , Xu Ning , Li Ying , Wu Han , Hou Qing , Dai Chunsun 
Published: October 2023

Abstractpalmitoylation, a reversible post-translational modification, is initiated by the DHHC family of palmitoyltransferases and reversed by several acyl protein thioesterases. However, the role and mechanisms for protein palmitoylation in renal fibrosis have not been elucidated. Here we show protein palmitoylation and DHHC9 were downregulated in the fibrotic kidneys of mouse models and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Ablating DHHC9 in tubular cells aggravated, while inducing DHHC9 overexpression with adeno-DHHC9 transfection or iproniazid treatment protected against kidney fibrosis in male mouse models. Mechanistically, DHHC9 palmitoylated β-catenin, thereby promoted its ubiquitination and degradation. Additionally, acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1) was induced in the fibrotic kidneys, which depalmitoylated β-catenin, increased its abundance and nuclear translocation. Ablating tubular APT1 or inhibiting APT1 with ML348 markedly protected against unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) or ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced kidney fibrosis in male mice. This study reveals the regulatory mechanism of protein palmitoylation in kidney fibrosis.
Liquid biopsy epigenomic profiling for cancer subtyping
Authors: Baca Sylvan C. , Seo Ji-Heui , Davidsohn Matthew P. , Fortunato Brad , Semaan Karl , Sotudian Shahabbedin , Lakshminarayanan Gitanjali , Diossy Miklos , Qiu Xintao , El Zarif Talal , Savignano Hunter , Canniff John , Madueke Ikenna , Saliby Renee Maria , Zhang Ziwei , Li Rong , Jiang Yijia , Taing Len , Awad Mark , Chau Cindy H. , DeCaprio James A. , Figg William D. , Greten Tim F. , Hata Aaron N. , Hodi F. Stephen , Hughes Melissa E. , Ligon Keith L. , Lin Nancy , Ng Kimmie , Oser Matthew G. , Meador Catherine , Parsons Heather A. , Pomerantz Mark M. , Rajan Arun , Ritz Jerome , Thakuria Manisha , Tolaney Sara M. , Wen Patrick Y. , Long Henry , Berchuck Jacob E. , Szallasi Zoltan , Choueiri Toni K. , Freedman Matthew L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays are increasingly used to inform clinical decisions in cancer care, they have limited ability to identify the transcriptional programs that govern cancer phenotypes and their dynamic changes during the course of disease. To address these limitations, we developed a method for comprehensive epigenomic profiling of cancer from 1 ml of patient plasma. Using an immunoprecipitation-based approach targeting histone modifications and DNA methylation, we measured 1,268 epigenomic profiles in plasma from 433 individuals with one of 15 cancers. Our assay provided a robust proxy for transcriptional activity, allowing us to infer the expression levels of diagnostic markers and drug targets, measure the activity of therapeutically targetable transcription factors and detect epigenetic mechanisms of resistance. This proof-of-concept study in advanced cancers shows how plasma epigenomic profiling has the potential to unlock clinically actionable information that is currently accessible only via direct tissue sampling.