bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark Current Mechanisms and Suppression Strategies for Infrared Photodetectors Based on Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Zhang Xinlei , Li Ruizhi , Yu Yuanfang , Dai Fuxing , Jiang Ruiqi , Guo Jiaxiang , Hu Weida , Ni Zhenhua , Lu Junpeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNarrow‐bandgap 2D materials and semimetals, for example, graphene, black phosphorus (BP), tellurium (Te), and some novel transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have been demonstrated to be promising building blocks for constructing next‐generation state‐of‐the‐art infrared (IR) photodetectors. However, these devices suffer from a significant dark current, primarily attributed to the intrinsic thermal excitation‐induced high carrier concentration. Suppressing the dark current is an essential issue in pursuing higher specific detectivity of IR photodetectors. Here, the authors demonstrate recent advances in suppressing dark current for 2D IR photodetectors. First, a brief insight into the dark current composition and mechanisms of 2D IR photodetectors is illustrated. Then, the varied band alignment for blocking dark current by the interfacial barrier is discussed. Next, localized electric field modulation by applying a gate voltage and ferroelectric materials is discussed. This method can effectively tune the concentration and distribution of carriers in the device conductive channel. Following that, interfacial engineering is summarized, by which interfacial defects can be passivated and interlayer defect‐induced dark current can be suppressed. Finally, the challenges and an outlook are delivered for developing state‐of‐the‐art IR photodetectors.
Celebrity co‐creator or celebrity endorser? Exploring mediating and moderating factors in Marcom decision
Authors: Roy Subhadip , Mishra Aditya Shankar , Bailey Ainsworth Anthony 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present research delves into the concept of celebrity co‐creation from the consumer behavior perspective. It explores the impact of the degree of a celebrity's involvement with a brand (celebrity as an endorser vs. celebrity as a co‐creator) on consumers' advertisement and brand‐based evaluations (Study 1) and purchase behavior (Study 2). The research subsequently incorporates the mediating effects of consumers' perceived risk (Study 3) and the moderating effect of celebrity expertise (Study 4) in the relationships. Three of the four studies were controlled experiments among nonstudent samples (combined n = 486), while one was a field study. Major findings indicate that a celebrity co‐creator is more effective than a celebrity endorser, but both cases of celebrity presence are more effective than the control (Studies 1 and 2). This effect is observed to be mediated by the consumers' perceived risk (Study 3) and moderated by the celebrity's expertise (Study 4). The present research provides a new direction to value co‐creation research from the communications perspective and adds to the literature on celebrity endorsements.
Study of impact performance of composite sandwich structure fabricated partially with natural fiber facesheet
Authors: Ashraf Waqas , Ishak Mohamad Ridzwan , Khan Tabrej , Sebaey Tamer A. , Singh Balbir , Alshahrani Hassan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractComposite structures with a pure glass composite facesheet and an aluminum honeycomb core are widely used in aircraft interiors. Because impact‐related problems are related to structural integrity and safety performance, the behavior of these structures under impact loading is critical. Due to their promising performance, lower cost, and low environmental impact, hybrid composites have recently become one of the most widely researched composite materials in the research field. This paper aims to investigate the impact behavior of nonhybrid glass and the glass partially replaced with a flax and kenaf hybrid composite facesheet caused by a low‐velocity impact. The specimens were impacted with different impacted energies, such as 10, 20, and 30 J. All nonimpacted and impacted samples were tested and compared for postimpact flexural (three‐point bending) behavior to analyze the residual strength of sandwich structures after impact. The results revealed that the hybrid composite face sheet outperformed the glass composite sandwich structure. The hybrid composite face sheet allowed the impactor to penetrate deeper, resulting in better energy absorption than the glass composite. Compared to nonimpacted specimens, the glass and hybrid face sheet combinations demonstrated comparable residual bending performance.Highlights
Experimental analysis shows the impact resistance (low‐velocity impact test) and residual load‐carrying capacity (three‐point bending test) of glass and hybrid composite face sheets.
Hybrid face sheets show excellent energy‐absorbing capability compared to glass one.
The residual flexural strength of the glass and hybrid composites was comparable to that of nonimpacted samples.
The peel strength achieved in this study using the pre‐cure fabrication process was significantly higher than the peel strength achieved using prepreg face sheets.
Reinforcing the composite face sheet of the sandwich structure by partially replacing the glass with flax and kenaf fiber exhibited comparable performance.
Randomized controlled trial of an individual blended cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce psychological distress among distressed colorectal cancer survivors: The COloRectal canceR distrEss reduCTion trial
Authors: Custers José A. E. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Levis Brooke , Döking Sarah , van der Hoeven Yvonne C. W. , Leermakers Lynn , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , Thewes Belinda , Braamse Annemarie M. J. , Dekker Joost , Prins Judith B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveColorectal cancer survivors (CRCS) often experience high levels of distress. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of blended cognitive behavior therapy (bCBT) on distress severity among distressed CRCS.MethodsCRCS (targeted N = 160) with high distress (Distress Thermometer ≥5) between 6 months and 5 years post cancer treatment were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to receive bCBT, (14 weeks including five face‐to‐face, and three telephone sessions and access to interactive website), or care as usual (CAU). Participants completed questionnaires at baseline (T0), four (T1) and 7 months later (T2). Intervention participants completed bCBT between T0 and T1. The primary outcome analyzed in the intention‐to‐treat population was distress severity (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI‐18) immediately post‐intervention (T1).Results84 participants were randomized to bCBT (n = 41) or CAU (n = 43). In intention‐to‐treat analysis, the intervention significantly reduced distress immediately post‐intervention (−3.86 points, 95% CI −7.00 to −0.73) and at 7 months post‐randomization (−3.88 points, 95% CI −6.95 to −0.80) for intervention compared to CAU. Among secondary outcomes, at both time points, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, cancer worry, and cancer‐specific distress were significantly lower in the intervention arm. Self‐efficacy scores were significantly higher. Overall treatment satisfaction was high (7.4/10, N = 36) and 94% of participants would recommend the intervention to other colorectal cancer patients.ConclusionsThe blended COloRectal canceR distrEss reduCTion intervention seems an efficacious psychological intervention to reduce distress severity in distressed CRCS. Yet uncertainty remains about effectiveness because fewer participants than targeted were included in this trial.Trial RegistrationNetherlands Trial Register NTR6025.
Calculating intrinsic positive end‐expiratory pressure from end‐expiratory flow in mechanically ventilated children—A study in physical models of the pediatric respiratory system
Authors: Schumann Stefan , Ucar Sascha , Wenzel Christin , Spaeth Johannes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRationaleThe high resistance of pediatric endotracheal tubes (ETTs) exposes mechanically ventilated children to a particular risk of developing intrinsic positive end‐expiratory pressure (iPEEP). To date, determining iPEEP at the bedside requires the execution of special maneuvers, interruption of ventilation, or additional invasive measurements. Outside such interventions, iPEEP may be unrecognized.ObjectiveTo develop a new approach for continuous calculation of iPEEP based on routinely measured end‐expiratory flow and ETT resistance.MethodsFirst, the resistance of pediatric ETTs with inner diameter from 2.0 to 4.5 mm were empirically determined. Second, during simulated ventilation, iPEEP was either calculated from the measured end‐expiratory flow and ETT's resistance (iPEEPcalc) or determined with a hold‐maneuver available at the ventilator (iPEEPhold). Both estimates were compared with the end‐expiratory pressure measured at the ETT's tip (iPEEPdirect) by means of absolute deviations.ResultsEnd‐expiratory flow and iPEEP increased with decreasing ETT inner diameter and with higher respiratory rates. iPEEPcalc and iPEEPhold were comparable and indicated good correspondence with iPEEPdirect. The largest absolute mean deviation was 1.0 cm H2O for iPEEPcalc and 1.1 cm H2O for iPEEPhold.ConclusionWe conclude that iPEEP can be determined from routinely measured variables and predetermined ETT resistance, which has to be confirmed in the clinical settings. As long as this algorithm is not available in pediatric ICU ventilators, nomograms are provided for estimating the prevailing iPEEP from end‐expiratory flow.
TATB thermal decomposition: An improved kinetic model for explosive safety analysis
Authors: Moore Jason S. , Morrison Keith D. , Burnham Alan K. , Racoveanu Ana , Reynolds John G. , Koroglu Batikan , Coffee Keith R. , Klunder Greg L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigate and model the cook‐off behavior of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) to understand the response of explosive systems in abnormal thermal environments. Decomposition has been explored via conventional ODTX (one‐dimensional time‐to‐explosion), PODTX (ODTX with pressure‐measurement), PyGC‐MS (pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry), TGA (thermo‐gravimetric analysis), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and IR (infrared spectroscopy) experiments under isothermal and ramped temperature profiles. The data were used to fit rate parameters for proposed reaction schemes in a MATLAB thermo‐chemical computational model. These parameterizations were carried out utilizing a genetic algorithm optimization method on LLNL's high‐performance computing clusters, which enabled significant parallelization. These results include a multi‐step reaction decomposition model, identification of likely autocatalytic gas‐phase species, accurate high‐temperature sensitization, and prediction of confined system pressurization. This model will be scalable to several applications involving TATB‐based explosives, like LX‐17, including thermal safety models of full‐scale systems.
4‐Thiaproline accelerates the slow folding phase of proteins containing cis prolines in the native state by two orders of magnitude
Authors: Loughlin Jennie O' , Zinovjev Kirill , Napolitano Silvia , van der Kamp Marc , Rubini Marina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cis/trans isomerization of peptidyl‐prolyl peptide bonds is often the bottleneck of the refolding reaction for proteins containing cis proline residues in the native state. Proline (Pro) analogues, especially C4‐substituted fluoroprolines, have been widely used in protein engineering to enhance the thermodynamic stability of peptides and proteins and to investigate folding kinetics. 4‐thiaproline (Thp) has been shown to bias the ring pucker of Pro, to increase the cis population percentage of model peptides in comparison to Pro, and to diminish the activation energy barrier for the cis/trans isomerization reaction. Despite its intriguing properties, Thp has been seldom incorporated into proteins. Moreover, the impact of Thp on the folding kinetics of globular proteins has never been reported. In this study, we show that upon incorporation of Thp at cisPro76 into the thioredoxin variant Trx1P the half‐life of the refolding reaction decreased from ~2 h to ~35 s. A dramatic acceleration of the refolding rate could be observed also for the protein pseudo wild‐type barstar upon replacement of cisPro48 with Thp. Quantum chemical calculations suggested that the replacement of the CγH2 group by a sulfur atom in the pyrrolidine ring, might lower the barrier for cis/trans rotation due to a weakened peptide bond. The protein variants retained their thermodynamic stability upon incorporation of Thp, while the catalytic and enzymatic activities of the modified Trx1P remained unchanged. Our results show that the Pro isostere Thp might accelerate the rate of the slow refolding reaction for proteins containing cis proline residues in the native state, independent from the local structural environment.
Explaining heatwaves with machine learning
Authors: Buschow Sebastian , Keller Jan , Wahl Sabrina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeatwaves are known to arise from the interplay between large‐scale climate variability, synoptic weather patterns, and regional to local‐scale surface processes. Though recent research has made important progress for each individual contributing factor, ways to properly incorporate multiple or all of them in a unified analysis are still lacking. In this study, we consider a wide range of possible predictor variables from the ERA5 Reanalysis version 5 and ask how much information on heatwave occurrence in Europe can be learned from each of them. To simplify the problem, we first adapt the recently developed logistic principal component analysis to the task of compressing large binary heatwave fields to a small number of interpretable principal components. The relationships between heatwaves and various climate variables can then be learned by a neural network. Starting from the simple notion that the importance of a variable is given by its impact on the performance of our statistical model, we arrive naturally at the definition of Shapley values. Classic results of game theory show that this is the only fair way of distributing the overall success of a model among its inputs. We find a nonlinear model that explains 70% of reduced heatwave variability. The biggest individual contribution (27% of the 70%) comes from upper level geopotential; top‐level soil moisture is in second place (15%). Beyond this decomposition, Shapley interaction values enable us to quantify overlapping information and positive synergies between all pairs of predictors.
Decomposing (n+1)$(n+1)$‐Qubit Toffoli Gate with Shallow Circuit Depth and No Ancilla
Authors: Leng Jian , Yang Fan , Wang Xiang‐Bin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCircuit depth optimization is crucial for implementing quantum algorithms in practical systems. The decomposition of ‐qubit Toffoli gate is continually optimized since this gate is a fundamental component for many quantum algorithms. Without any ancilla, ‐qubit Toffoli gate can be decomposed by standard gates with circuit depth . Here, the decomposition is further optimized and its circuit depth is reduced to . The decomposition is equivalent to ‐qubit Toffoli gate up to an overall phase and also does not need any ancilla.
How infrastructure development, technological innovation, and institutional quality impact the environmental quality of G7 countries: A step towards environmental sustainability
Authors: Zaman Badee Uz , Yu Hui‐Yun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite the economic success, the G7 nations have not adequately prioritized environmental welfare. However, these nations must recognize that economic prosperity cannot be sustained without safeguarding environmental sustainability. In short, environmental protection is a necessary component of achieving sustainable development goals. For this matter, this study aims to analyze the effects of accumulative infrastructure development, economic growth, foreign direct investment, technological innovation, and institutional quality on the CO2 emissions of the G7 countries. Using annual panel data from 1996 to 2020, this study employs cross‐sectional autoregressive distributed lags (CS‐ARDL) to determine the environmental impacts of the variables under investigation. The findings show that foreign direct investment and institutional quality have a favorable effect and improve environmental quality. In contrast, the accumulative (transport, energy, financial, and information and communication [ICT]) infrastructure development, economic growth, and technological innovation stimulate environmental degradation by increasing CO2 emissions. These results are found robust, as validated by the Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG). In line with these crucial findings, governments have suggested that specific measures supporting innovation in environmental‐related technologies, infrastructure development, and economic growth must be implemented to mitigate CO2 emissions in the G7 countries.
Gauging the Aromatic, Antiaromatic, and Nonaromatic Character of the Dications and Dianions Derived from Fused Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Compoundsǂ
Authors: Borosky Gabriela L. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDications and dianions derived from fused PAHs and hetero‐PAHs were investigated by means of DFT calculations. The electronic, energetic, and structural features of the singlet and triplet electronic states of these doubly charged species were computationally determined and compared with those of the corresponding neutral parent aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. The aromatic, nonaromatic or antiaromatic character of the studied diions was evaluated via magnetic criteria, namely NICS and 1H NMR chemical shifts, and by the HOMA structural index. Linear correlations were revealed between the computed HOMO‐LUMO gaps and the magnetic parameters which could serve as a guiding tool in the modulation of molecular properties, and for designing new materials derived from this type of compounds.
MeOH‐Mediated Efficient Reduction with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes Towards the Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamates and Sulfonamides
Authors: Zheng Hao , Song Qing‐Chun , Guan Zi‐Wen , Li Zhang‐Rui , Chen Ling‐Yan , Li Ya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn efficient approach for the reduction of cyclic N‐sulfonylimines using N‐heterocyclic carbene boranes as the hydride donor was developed, leading to various cyclic sulfamates and sulfonamides in excellent yields. The approach had broad scope including both the N‐sulfonyl aldimines and ketimines under mild reaction conditions, which proves that the NHC‐boranes are good alternatives as the reductive reagents.
Toward Camouflage Colors by Electrochemical Copolymerization
Authors: Ergun Emine Gul Cansu , Carbas Buket Bezgin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a new electrochromic copolymer containing 6,9‐bis(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrophenazine (EBE) and 4‐(9‐benzyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)‐7‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (CBT) in the main chain was reported. The homopolymers, (Poly(EBE) and Poly(CBT)), were also prepared via electrochemical polymerization and their electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic properties were analyzed in order to compare their properties with those of copolymer (Poly(EBE‐co‐CBT)). The copolymer exhibited good switching property for military camouflage necessities with color change from hues of brown to green. Furthermore, it has been tried to analyze the effects of combination of two donor‐acceptor‐donor (DAD) type monomers with different symmetries on the copolymer properties.
Ultra‐low Mn(salen) supported on lignin and selective epoxidation of olefins
Authors: Guo Li , Yan Ting , Zhang Ran , Yi Lan , Wang Zixian , He Guoqing , Chen Jialing , Wu Xiaoqin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrecise design of highly efficient, low metal load and eco‐friendly catalysts is the key to sustainable catalysis and green chemistry. In this work, we develop an ultra‐low loading of Mn(salen) complexes covalent grafted with lignin and applied in the selective epoxidation of olefins using O2 as an oxidant. Lignin not only provides the Mn(salen) graft sites but also promotes substrate enrichment via the π‐stacking interaction between substrate and supports. In particular, high turnover frequencies (TOF) of 1833 h−1 can be obtained for styrene epoxidation under mild conditions, which can be superior to most reported Mn(salen) supported catalysts. Compared with cellulose, the lignin‐based catalysts exhibit a higher selectivity toward styrene oxide during the epoxidation of styrene under mild conditions. Controlled experiments indicate that the synergistic effect between phenolic hydroxyl groups and the Mn(salen) complex can improve the conversion rate and selectivity during the selective epoxidation of styrene. This work designs a series of lignin‐based catalysts with ultra‐low Mn(salen) loading, which broadens the utilization of lignin and gives enlightenment for the rational design of lignin‐based catalysts.
Efficient, Concise, and Chemoselective Synthesis of 1H‐Benzo[f]indole‐4,9‐dione with 4‐Hydroxycoumarin Substituent via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Hasanpour Hamidreza , Rezaiyehraad Reza 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtensive studies on the biological activities of several quinone‐fused heterocycles have confirmed their outstanding antitumor activity. Therefore, a new family of 1H‐benzo[f]indole‐4,9‐dione derivatives with the 4‐hydroxycoumarin substitution was prepared by a high‐yield, one‐pot, concise three‐component reaction between arylglyoxals, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, and 2‐aminonaphthalene‐1,4‐dione derivatives under reflux in EtOH. This efficient protocol showed chemoselectivity in addition to facile operation procedure and easy purification.
DRIP: Segmenting individual requirements from software requirement documents
Authors: Zhao Ziyan , Zhang Li , Lian Xiaoli , Lv Heyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNumerous academic research projects and industrial tasks related to software engineering require individual requirements as input. Unfortunately, according to our observation, several requirements may be packed in one paragraph without explicit boundaries in specification documents. To understand this problem's prevalence, we performed a preliminary study on the open requirement documents widely used in the academic community over the last 10 years, and found that 26% of them include this phenomenon. Several text segmentation approaches have been reported; however, they tend to identify topically coherent units which may contain more than one requirement. What is more, they do not take the constitutions of semantic units of requirements into consideration. Here we report a two‐phase learning‐based approach named DRIP to segment individual requirements from paragraphs. To be specific, we first propose a Requirement Segmentation Siamese framework, which models the similarity of sentences and their conjunction relations, and then detects the initial boundaries between individual requirements. Then, we optimize the boundaries heuristically based on the semantic completeness validation of the segments. Experiments with 1132 paragraphs and 6826 sentences show that DRIP outperforms the popular unsupervised and supervised text segmentation algorithms with respect to processing different documents (with accuracy gains of 57.65%–187.53%) and processing paragraphs of different complexity (with average accuracy gains of 54.46%–158.68%). We also show the importance of each component of DRIP to the segmentation.