bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Power of the Impure: Transgression, Violence and Secrecy in Bengali Śākta Tantra and Modern Western Magic
Authors: Urban Hugh 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSince their first encounter with the complex body of texts and traditions called "Tantras," Western scholars have been simultaneously repulsed and horrified, yet also tantalized and titillated by the deliberate use of normally impure and defiling substances in Tantric practice. Yet, with a few exceptions, they have made little headway in interpreting the deeper religious and social role of impurity, either in Tantric ritual or in the history of religions generally. This paper compares the role of ritual impurity and transgression in two very different traditions, widely separated both historically and geographically: the Śākta school of Tantra in Bengal (focusing on the 16th century brāhman, Kr⊡nānanda Āgamavāgīśa) and modern Western magic (focusing on Aleister Crowley and the Ordo Templi Orientis). Specifically, I look closely at the manipulation of impure bodily substances—such as blood, semen and vaginal fluids—in sexual rituals and animal sacrifice. By playing off of these two examples in a kind of metaphoric juxtaposition, I hope to shed some new light on the role of impurity, transgression and secrecy in both cases and also in the comparative study of religion as a whole. Adapting some insights from Georges Bataille and Michel Foucault, I argue that the ritual use of impurity has much larger social and political implications, as a means of harnessing the tremendous power that flows through the physical universe, the human body and the social body alike.
Ethnohermeneutics and Worldview Analysis in the Study of Hopi Indian Religion
Authors: Geertz Armin 
Published: July 2003

AbstractEthnohermeneutics grew out of the ethnosciences' emphasis on discourse analysis, componential analysis and cultural grammar. Ethnohermeneutics as interpreted in this article closely follows developments in symbolic anthropology, cognitive anthropology and semiotics. Ethnohermeneutics attempts to locate the scholar and the people under study in each their own network of discourses, traditions, texts and meanings in the context of their social and intellectual circumstances. The result is a third perspective whereby the frames of reference of the scholar and the people under study are transcended. In this article, four functions of this approach are illustrated in relation to the study of Hopi Indian religion.
FURTHER UNNOTICED POINTS IN THE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
Authors: Ross J.M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractProfessor J.K. Elliott (Leeds/UK) writes: J.M. Ross contributed many articles to the religious and academic press for over fifty years including three in this journal: "Some Unnoticed Points in the Text of the New Testament" (25 [1983] 59- 72), "Another Look at Mark 8:36" (29 [1987] 97-99) and "The Extra Words in Acts 18:21" (34 [1992] 247-9). These and his other text-critical notes are regularly to be seen referred to in commentaries and elsewhere in the literature. Mr. Ross died aged 88 in 1997. I have inherited his unpublished textual papers, from which a selection of eighteen further "Points" is edited here as a sequel to his 1983 article. This article appears with the approval of his family. John MacDonald Ross was a rara avis in the text-critical field, being a selfconfessed amateur. Having graduated in Greats (classics) at Oxford, he worked as a civil servant in the British Home Office (the interior ministry) and before his retirement was decorated as Commander of the British Empire for his services to the Crown. His hobby of text-critical studies was recognised by his election to the exclusive academic society Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, at the annual meetings of which he attended the textual criticism seminars. His published textual notes are modelled on the taut reporting style in B.M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (London/New York, 1971; Stuttgart, 21994). In editing these notes I have maintained this style: further treatment of all the issues would of course require fuller cross-references to other authorities and a greater discussion of alternative solutions, but Ross has the happy knack of spotlighting the essentials in many a complex text-critical crux and wrestles to achieve a resolution that betrays an essentially commonsense approach. We may not always agree with all his arguments but he often succeeds in making us revisit and appraise many an 'unnoticed' point.
THE SHAPE OF A MIRACLE STORY A RESPECTFUL ANALYSIS OF JOHN 4:43-54
Authors: Sibinga Joost Smit 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAs the evangelist's literary technique requires, this article studies the narrative in John 4:43-54 starting from a count of the number of syllables (= s.) and words (= w.) of its parts. In toto the story uses 450 s. in 222 w. Essentially, a central part vv. 48-52 (of 168 s. in 84 w.) is framed by vv. 46c47 and vv. 53-54 (each 75 s.). This central section supplements the introductory vv. 43-46b (132 s.). A pattern of 132 + 318 = 450 s. emerges, and the number 318, TIH, may well have to be interpreted in accordance with Barn. 9:8: "Here you have Jesus and his cross symbolized".
ΝΟΜΟΣ (ΤΩΝ) ΕΡΓΩΝ AND ΝΟΜΟΣ ΠΙΣΤΕΩΣ THE PAULINE RHETORIC AND THEOLOGY OF ΝΟΜΟΣ
Authors: Ito Akio 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSince Paul intended his epistles to be read aloud to the congregation from the beginning to the end without going back and forth, they must have made some sense to the audience at the first reading. However, this does not deny that deeper meanings are hidden beneath the surface meaning. A superficial reading and the in-depth theological reading must be compatible and complementary. From this perspective this essay attempts to resolve the debate on the meaning of the ν μοσ π στεωσ and ν μοσ (τ ν) ργων in Rom. 3:27, whether they refer to the law in a general sense or the Torah.
A TOUCH OF CONDEMNATION IN A WORD OF EXHORTATION: APOCALYPTIC LANGUAGE AND GRAECO-ROMAN RHETORIC IN HEBREWS 6:4-12
Authors: Nongbri Brent 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe propose that the author of Hebrews employs threats of eternal condemnation using words and imagery familiar from apocalyptic literature, particularly 4 Ezra, to evoke a specific kind of fear in his audience. The audience members should, rather than fearing the reproach of society, have angst for falling away from the community, which in our author's eyes, is an offense for which no repentance is available. To effectively bring about such fear, these threats, contrary to the assertions of many recent commentators, must be real and must concern genuine believers. The author of Hebrews uses this severe language, however, in good rhetorical fashion, following his threats with words of consolation to encourage his audience members to stand fast in their marginalized community.
THE TESTIMONY RESEARCH OF JAMES RENDEL HARRIS
Authors: Falcetta Alessandro 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis article is a survey of the research carried out by James Rendel Harris on testimonia. It takes into account published and unpublished material written during a period of about fifty years (1884-1933). This survey permits the correction of current opinions about his work, including those referring to the question of only one original written testimony collection. It also shows that Harris' research was to a large extent independent of previous scholarship and that it influenced several aspects of subsequent testimony and, more in general, New Testament scholarship.
Overexpression of P-glycoprotein in K562 cells does not confer resistance to the growth inhibitory effects of imatinib (STI571) in vitro
Authors: Ferrao Petranel T. , Frost Michelle J. , Siah Shoo-Peng , Ashman Leonie K. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractElevated expression of multidrug efflux pumps such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) have been associated with resistance to cytotoxic drugs used in the treatment of leukemias and other cancers. Imatinib mesylate (STI-571 or Gleevec) is a potent inhibitor of the BCR/ABL and c-KIT tyrosine kinases. It has displayed considerable efficacy in treatment of patients with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia and those with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, recently imatinib-resistant relapse has emerged as a significant problem. Although a major cause of resistance appears to be point mutation in the kinase domain of the target enzyme, the potential contribution of elevated multidrug efflux activity has not been systematically evaluated. The imatinib-sensitive human leukemic cell line K562, which is dependent on the activity of BCR/ABL for survival and growth, provides a convenient system for evaluating modulation of drug activity. By expressing Pgp at high levels in these cells, we have demonstrated that this pump provides minimal protection against cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by imatinib. In contrast, overexpression of Bcl-xL, which blocks apoptosis, resulted in partial protection against the drug. We conclude that Pgp up-regulation is not likely to be a significant contributor to imatinib resistance. (Blood. 2003;102:4499-4503)
The human anti-CD30 antibody 5F11 shows in vitro and in vivo activity against malignant lymphoma
Authors: Borchmann Peter , Treml John F. , Hansen Hinrich , Gottstein Claudia , Schnell Roland , Staak Oliver , Zhang Hui-fen , Davis Thomas , Keler Tibor , Diehl Volker , Graziano Robert F. , Engert Andreas 
Published: July 2003

AbstractCD30 is a promising target for antibody-based immunotherapy of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. To overcome the limitations from currently available murine anti-CD30 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), a new fully human anti-CD30 antibody was generated. Binding properties were evaluated by recombinant CD30 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescence-activated cell-sorter (FACS) flow cytometry. Activity of this new mAb was assessed in vitro using growth inhibition and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays on several cell lines. In vivo activity was determined in a solid as well as in a disseminated xenografted model of HL in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. The mAb 5F11 showed specific binding to CD30 (cluster A). The ADCC assays indicated dose-dependent lysis of L540 cells when 5F11 was combined with human effector cells. Upon cross-linking in vitro, 5F11 inhibited the growth of CD30-expressing cell lines. In vivo, treatment with 5F11 induced a marked growth delay or even a complete regression of established xenografted HL in SCID mice. In the disseminated HL model, a high proportion of 5F11-treated mice experienced long-term survival. The new human anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody 5F11 shows promise as a means of CD30-targeted immunotherapy of malignant lymphomas. Based on these results, a clinical phase 1 study in patients with refractory CD30+ lymphoma has been initiated. (Blood. 2003;102:3737-3742)
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with nodules resembling T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma: differential diagnosis between nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Boudová Ludmila , Torlakovic Emina , Delabie Jan , Reimer Peter , Pfistner Beate , Wiedenmann Sabine , Diehl Volker , Müller-Hermelink Hans-Konrad , Rüdiger Thomas 
Published: July 2003

AbstractNodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) and T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (T/HRBCL) are distinct tumors and are treated differently. They are linked by a morphologic and probably a biologic continuum, which renders the differential diagnosis difficult. To develop criteria to distinguish the entities along the morphologic continuum, we correlated the lymph node architecture and immunophenotype of both tumor cells and reactive components of 235 neoplasms in the spectrum of NLPHL and T/HRBCL with clinical data. Two hundred and eighteen cases fitted the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria of NLPHL (139) or T/HRBCL (79). While tumor cells in both entities were immunophenotypically similar, background composition differed: in NLPHL small B cells and CD3+CD4+CD57+ T cells were common, whereas in T/HRBCL, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and histiocytes dominated. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) formed expanded meshworks in NLPHL, whereas they were absent in T/HRBCL. Seventeen cases represented a gray zone: within FDC meshworks, neoplastic B cells resided in a background depleted of small B cells but rich in T cells and histiocytes. Tumor cells either were loosely scattered or formed clusters, thus resembling areas of either T/HRBCL or inflammatory diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) within the nodules. Patients with these NLPHLs with T-cell/histiocyte-rich nodules presented at a high stage and with B symptoms, as in T/HRBCL, but had an excellent survival, as in NLPHL. This morphologic pattern suggests a biologic continuum between NLPHL and T/HRBCL. (Blood. 2003;102:3753-3758)
Inhibition of C5a-induced inflammation with preserved C5b-9-mediated bactericidal activity in a human whole blood model of meningococcal sepsis
Authors: Sprong Tom , Brandtzaeg Petter , Fung Michael , Pharo Anne M. , Høiby E. Arne , Michaelsen Terje E. , Aase Audun , van der Meer Jos W. M. , van Deuren Marcel , Mollnes Tom E. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe complement system plays an important role in the initial defense against Neisseria meningitidis. In contrast, uncontrolled activation in meningococcal sepsis contributes to the development of tissue damage and shock. In a novel human whole blood model of meningococcal sepsis, we studied the effect of complement inhibition on inflammation and bacterial killing. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking lectin and alternative pathways inhibited complement activation by N meningitidis and oxidative burst induced in granulocytes and monocytes. Oxidative burst was critically dependent on CD11b/CD18 (CR3) expression but not on Fcγ-receptors. Specific inhibition of C5a using mAb 137-26 binding the C5a moiety of C5 before cleavage prohibited CR3 up-regulation, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst but had no effect on C5b-9 (TCC) formation, lysis, and bacterial killing. An mAb-blocking cleavage of C5, preventing C5a and TCC formation, showed the same effect on CR3, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst as the anti-C5a mAb but additionally inhibited TCC formation, lysis, and bacterial killing, consistent with a C5b-9-dependent killing mechanism. In conclusion, the anti-C5a mAb 137-26 inhibits the potentially harmful effects of N meningitidis-induced C5a formation while preserving complement-mediated bacterial killing. We suggest that this may be an attractive approach for the treatment of meningococcal sepsis. (Blood. 2003;102:3702-3710)
Expression of the IRTA1 receptor identifies intraepithelial and subepithelial marginal zone B cells of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Authors: Falini Brunangelo , Tiacci Enrico , Pucciarini Alessandra , Bigerna Barbara , Kurth Julia , Hatzivassiliou Georgia , Droetto Sara , Galletti Barbara Verducci , Gambacorta Marcello , Orazi Attilio , Pasqualucci Laura , Miller Ira , Küppers Ralf , Dalla-Favera Riccardo , Cattoretti Giorgio 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIRTA1 (immunoglobulin superfamily receptor translocation-associated 1) is a novel surface B-cell receptor related to Fc receptors, inhibitory receptor superfamily (IRS), and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) family members and we mapped for the first time its distribution in human lymphoid tissues, using newly generated specific antibodies. IRTA1 was selectively and consistently expressed by a B-cell population located underneath and within the tonsil epithelium and dome epithelium of Peyer patches (regarded as the anatomic equivalents of marginal zone). Similarly, in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas IRTA1 was mainly expressed by tumor cells involved in lympho-epithelial lesions. In contrast, no or a low number of IRTA1+ cells was usually observed in the marginal zone of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. Interestingly, monocytoid B cells in reactive lymph nodes were strongly IRTA1+. Tonsil IRTA1+ cells expressed the memory B-cell marker CD27 but not mantle cell-, germinal center-, and plasma cell-associated molecules. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of single tonsil IRTA1+ cells showed they represent a mixed B-cell population carrying mostly mutated, but also unmutated, IgV genes. The immunohistochemical finding in the tonsil epithelial areas of aggregates of IRTA1+ B cells closely adjacent to plasma cells surrounding small vessels suggests antigen-triggered in situ proliferation/differentiation of memory IRTA1+ cells into plasma cells. Collectively, these results suggest a role of IRTA1 in the immune function of B cells within epithelia. (Blood. 2003;102: 3684-3692)
Long-term follow-up of IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Kyle Robert A. , Therneau Terry M. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Remstein Ellen D. , Offord Janice R. , Larson Dirk R. , Plevak Matthew F. , Melton L. Joseph 
Published: July 2003

AbstractLittle effort has been made to quantitate adverse outcomes of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class, which progresses to lymphoma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia, whereas IgA and IgG MGUS progress to multiple myeloma, primary amyloidosis (AL), or a related plasma cell disorder. From 1960 to 1994, IgM MGUS was diagnosed in 213 patients in southeastern Minnesota. The end point was progression to lymphoma or a related disorder, as assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. The 213 patients were followed up for 1567 person-years (median, 6.3 years per patient). Lymphoma developed in 17 patients (relative risk [RR], 14.8), Waldenström macroglobulinemia in 6 (RR, 262), primary amyloidosis in 3 (RR, 16.3), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 3 (RR, 5.7). The relative risk of progression was 16-fold higher in the patients with IgM MGUS than in the white population of the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cumulative incidence of progression was 10% at 5 years, 18% at 10 years, and 24% at 15 years. On multivariate analysis, the serum monoclonal protein and serum albumin concentrations at diagnosis were the only risk factors for progression to lymphoma or a related disorder. Risk for progression to lymphoma or a related disorder at 10 years after the diagnosis of MGUS was 14% with an initial monoclonal protein concentration of 0.5 g/dL or less, 26% with 1.5 g/dL, 34% for 2.0 g/dL, and 41% for more than 2.5 g/dL. (Blood. 2003;102:3759-3764)
Lipid raft-associated protein sorting in exosomes
Authors: de Gassart Aude , Géminard Charles , Février Benoit , Raposo Graça , Vidal Michel 
Published: July 2003

AbstractExosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by cells upon fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the cell surface. The mechanisms underlying the specific sorting of proteins in exosomal membranes are far from being unraveled. We demonstrate here, using different cells, that some molecules are released in the extracellular medium via their association with lipid raft domains of the exosomal membrane. Various typical raft-associated molecules could be detected by immunoblot in exosomes and Triton X-100-insoluble fractions isolated from exosomes of different origins. Partial localization of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules with detergent-resistant fractions isolated from Daudi-secreted exosomes was demonstrated by immunoblot and confirmed by electron microscopy colocalization of MHC class II molecules and ganglioside GM1. Moreover, we found that exosome-associated Lyn (1) had a lower molecular weight compared with Lyn detected in cell-isolated detergent-resistant domains, (2) was absent from the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction isolated from exosomes, and (3) had lost its partitioning capacity in Triton X-114. Exosomal Lyn is probably cleaved by a caspase-3-like activity contained in secreted vesicles. All together, the data highlight the presence of lipid microdomains in exosomal membranes and suggest their participation in vesicle formation and structure, as well as the direct implication of exosomes in regulatory mechanisms. (Blood. 2003;102:4336-4344)
Prognostic value of apoptotic cells and infiltrating neutrophils in graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract in humans: TNF and Fas expression
Authors: Socié Gérard , Mary Jean-Yves , Lemann Marc , Daneshpouy Marjan , Guardiola Philippe , Meignin Véronique , Ades Lionel , Esperou Hélène , Ribaud Patricia , Devergie Agnès , Gluckman Eliane , Ameisen Jean-Claude , Janin Anne 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a major target in graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). In rodents both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Fas-dependent apoptosis have been shown to play a major role in GvHD lesions, but data in humans on TNF and Fas in situ expression are scarce. More recently, the role of non-T cells as GvHD effectors has also been suggested in experimental models. Here we report a detailed quantitative pathologic analysis in 95 patients who underwent gastroduodenal biopsy. This analysis included characterization and quantification of the cellular infiltrate, TNF, TNF receptors, and Fas in situ expression analyses and quantification of apoptotic cell numbers. TNF was expressed in all biopsies and it was highly specific for acute GvHD. In multivariate analysis, including pathologic factors only, increased early transplantrelated mortality (TRM) was associated with the presence of more than 20 neutrophils per field. Factors affecting early and late TRM were then assessed by multivariate analyses including both pathologic and clinical factors. Increased day-90 TRM was associated with the presence of more than 5 apoptotic bodies per field within the cellular infiltrate, and with stage II or higher acute liver GvHD. One-year TRM associated with the same 2 factors and with chronic GvHD.
IL-15 and IL-2 oppositely regulate expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1
Authors: Barlic Jana , Sechler Joan M. , Murphy Philip M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe chemokine receptor CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1) is expressed in mouse blood on natural killer (NK) cells and on monocytes. Because interleukin-15 (IL-15) is an essential cytokine for NK cell development and maintenance, we hypothesized that it may induce CX3CR1 expression on this cell type. In contrast, we found that in primary mouse bone marrow-derived NK cells IL-15 specifically inhibited CX3CR1 protein and mRNA accumulation, whereas the related cytokine IL-2 did not inhibit but instead increased CX3CR1 expression. Consistent with this finding, intravenous injection of a single dose of recombinant IL-15 into C57BL/6 mice decreased steady-state CX3CR1 levels 24 hours after injection in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), splenocytes, and bone marrow cells, and treatment of mouse PBMCs with IL-15 in vitro inhibited CX3CL1 (ligand for CX3CR1)-induced chemotaxis. These data suggest that IL-15 may be a negative regulator of innate immunity by inhibiting CX3CR1 expression. These data also suggest that IL-15 inhibition of CX3CR1 may subvert potential cell immunotherapy strategies in which IL-15 is used to expand NK cell populations in vivo or ex vivo. Finally, our results provide additional evidence for differential signaling by IL-2 and IL-15, despite usage of common βγc receptor chains. (Blood. 2003;102:3494-3503)