bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally adapted safer sex skills building: development and initial testing of an HIV prevention intervention for Black women using substances in the United States
Authors: Burlew A K , McCuistian C , Lanaway D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Black women who use substances in the United States face unique human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors. However, interventions addressing cultural factors relevant for preventing HIV risk behaviors among Black women are limited. This project aimed to develop and initially test the effectiveness of a culturally adapted version of safer sex skills building (SSSB), an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention for reducing HIV risk among Black women who use substances. The cultural adaptation procedures involved (i) review of existing literature, (ii) use of Delphi process and theater testing to generate an adapted version, (iii) theater testing of the culturally adapted version and (iv) initial testing. Forty-eight Black women recruited from a substance use treatment clinic in the United States participated in three 2.5-h sessions of a culturally adapted or a generic version of the intervention. More (48%) women in the culturally adapted version self-reported condom use with casual partners compared to women in the generic (29%) version at a 6-week follow-up. The two groups did not differ on self-reported condom use with main partners. The culturally adapted SSSB offers a promising intervention for sexual risk reduction among Black women who use substances. Moreover, the findings advance the field by illustrating a concrete methodology for cultural adaptation.
The Efficacy of an Over-the-Counter Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement to Prevent Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Remission With Immunomodulators and/or Biological Agents: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Laheij Robin L H , van Knippenberg Yara M W , Heil Annelijn L J , Mannaerts Britt J W , Bruin Karlien F , Lutgens Maurice W M D , Sikkema Marjolein , de Wit Ulrike , Laheij Robert J F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with immunomodulators or biologic therapy are at increased risk of infections. Malnutrition and vitamin or mineral deficiencies are common among patients with IBD. The results of various studies have indicate that vitamin deficiencies might increase the risk of infections. To evaluate the efficacy of a multivitamin and mineral supplement on the incidence of infections in patients with IBD treated with immunomodulators, biologic therapy, or combination therapy.

Methods
This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to compare a multivitamin and mineral supplement (supplemented group) vs identical-in-appearance placebo (placebo group) in a total of 320 non–vitamin-deficient patients with IBD (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis) in remission with immunomodulators, biologic therapy, or combination therapy. Participants were asked to take a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement or placebo and report the occurrence of infections during a 24-week period of follow-up.

Results
Treatment arms consisted of 162 and 158 patients for the supplement and placebo, respectively. In both treatment groups, 107 patients reported an infection during the 24-week follow-up period (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-1.48). In the supplemented group, 32 patients received antibiotics for an infection compared with 21 patients in the placebo group (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-2.93).

Conclusions
An over-the-counter multivitamin and mineral supplement did not reduce the risk of infection for patients with IBD in remission with immunomodulators, biologic therapy, or combination therapy.
Appearance of the Bowel and Mesentery During Surgery Is Not Predictive of Postoperative Recurrence After Ileocecal Resection for Crohn’s Disease: A Prospective Monocentric Study
Authors: Bislenghi Gabriele , Van Den Bossch Julie , Fieuws Steffen , Wolthuis Albert , Ferrante Marc , de Hertogh Gert , Vermeire Severine , D’Hoore André 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Very few risk factors for postoperative recurrence (POR) of Crohn’s Disease (CD) after ileocecal resection have been identified. The aim of the present study was to verify the association between an a priori defined list of intraoperative macroscopic findings and POR.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study including patients undergoing primary ileocecal resection for CD. Four intraoperative factors were independently evaluated by 2 surgeons: length of resected ileum, mesentery thickness, presence of areas of serosal fat infiltration, or abnormal serosal vasodilation on normal bowel proximal to the resected bowel. The primary end point was early endoscopic POR at month 6 and defined as modified Rutgeerts score ≥i2b. Secondary end points were clinical and surgical recurrence.

Results
Between September 2020 and November 2022, 83 consecutive patients were included. Early endoscopic recurrence occurred in 45 of 76 patients (59.2%). Clinical and biochemical recurrence occurred in 17.3% (95% confidence interval, [CI], 10.4%-28.0%) and 14.6% of the patients after 12 months. The risk of developing endoscopic and clinical recurrence was 1.127 (95% CI, 0.448;2.834, P = .799) and 0.896 (95% CI, 0.324-2.478, P = .832) when serosal fat infiltration was observed, and 1.388 (95% CI, 0.554-3.476, P = .484), and 1.153 (95% CI, 0.417;3.187, P = .783) when abnormal serosal vasodilation was observed. Similarly, length of the resected bowel and mesentery thickness showed no association with POR. A subgroup analysis on patients who received no postoperative medical prophylaxis did not identify any risk factor for endoscopic POR.

Conclusions
The macroscopic appearance of the bowel and associated mesentery during surgery does not seem to be predictive of POR after ileocecal resection for CD.
The dose–response relationship of pre-menopausal alcohol consumption with age at menopause: a population study of 280 497 women in Norway
Authors: Langås Julie R , Eskild Anne , Hofvind Solveig , Bjelland Elisabeth K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Previous research suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with high age at menopause. Yet, knowledge about the dose–response relationship is inconsistent. Thus, we studied the pattern of the association of pre-menopausal alcohol consumption with age at natural menopause.

Methods
We performed a retrospective population-based study using self-reported data from 280 497 women aged 50–69 years attending the Norwegian breast cancer screening programme (BreastScreen Norway) during 2006–15. Associations of weekly alcohol consumption between the age of 20 and 49 years with age at menopause were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazard models with restricted cubic splines to allow for non-linear associations. We adjusted for year and place of birth, number of childbirths, educational level, body mass index and smoking habits.

Results
Mean age at natural menopause was 51.20 years (interquartile range: 49–54 years). The adjusted HR of reaching menopause was highest for women with no alcohol consumption (reference) and the HR decreased by alcohol consumption up to 50 grams per week (adjusted HR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.86–0.88). Above 50 grams, there was no further decrease in the HR of reaching menopause (P for non-linearity of &lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Women who did not consume alcohol were youngest at menopause. The lack of a dose–response association among alcohol consumers implies virtually no relation of alcohol consumption with age at menopause. Our findings may suggest that characteristics of the women who did not consume alcohol, not accounted for in the data analyses, explain their younger age at menopause.
Resistance patterns and transmission of mono- and polyresistant TB: clinical impact of WGS
Authors: Dohál Matúš , Dvořáková Věra , Šperková Miluše , Pinková Martina , Spitaleri Andrea , Rasmussen Erik Michael , Škereňová Mária , Krivošová Michaela , Gondáš Eduard , Porvazník Igor , Solovič Ivan , Cirillo Daniela Maria , Mokrý Juraj 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesRapidly diagnosing drug-resistant TB is crucial for improving treatment and transmission control. WGS is becoming increasingly accessible and has added value to the diagnosis and treatment of TB. The aim of the study was to perform WGS to determine the rate of false-positive results of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) and characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance and transmission of mono- and polyresistant Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis.MethodsWGS was performed on 53 monoresistant and 25 polyresistant M. tuberculosis isolates characterized by pDST. Sequencing data were bioinformatically processed to infer mutations encoding resistance and determine the origin of resistance and phylogenetic relationship between isolates studied.ResultsThe data showed the variable sensitivity and specificity of WGS in comparison with pDST as the gold standard: isoniazid 92.7% and 92.3%; streptomycin 41.9% and 100.0%; pyrazinamide 15% and 94.8%; and ethambutol 75.0% and 98.6%, respectively. We found novel mutations encoding resistance to streptomycin (in gidB) and pyrazinamide (in kefB). Most isolates belonged to lineage 4 (80.1%) and the overall clustering rate was 11.5%. We observed lineage-specific gene variations encoding resistance to streptomycin and pyrazinamide.ConclusionsThis study highlights the clinical potential of WGS in ruling out false-positive drug resistance following phenotypic or genetic drug testing, and recommend this technology together with the WHO catalogue in designing an optimal individualized treatment regimen and preventing the development of MDR TB. Our results suggest that resistance is primarily developed through spontaneous mutations or selective pressure.
Hope in the Ruins of Home: Narrative Meaning-Making of Forced Displacement, Place Attachment, and Deferred Future Resettlement in Varosha
Authors: Akdeniz Nafia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 1974, the Cyprus War turned the seaside resort of Varosha into a derelict and decaying town, captured by the Turkish army and held for subsequent decades as a political bargaining chip in the peace negotiations of the unresolved reconflict. In 2020, the city partially opened to public visits, allowing its former residents to tour a landscape of ruination. This paper explores the contested narratives of the city’s future revival that have emerged in the wake of this opening. In particular, the paper describes forcibly displaced Varoshians’ narratives as discursive practices that reclaim the lost ‘homeplace’ and insist on the right to return. These narratives, the paper shows, become a mnemonic means of communicative meaning-making, with four main themes: loss, threshold, transformation, and the future. The paper uses these themes to show how such narratives may enable refugees to maintain hope even in the ruins of hoped-for futures. The thematic analysis also shows how place attachment narratives transmitting memories of home may transform with a vibrant present-ness related to people’s imaginations of a future Varosha. Speaking to the possibilities of return, this study calls for further explorations towards the narrative of restitution beyond legal property and political territory.
Staging grounds: dialectics of the spectacular and the infrastructural in international conference-hosting
Authors: Quiroga-Villamarín Daniel Ricardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For international lawyers, the international conference appears as a rather anodyne place. While attention has been paid to who partakes in the ‘invisible college’, scant scrutiny has been directed to where we sit. To counter this, I argue we should interrogate conference spaces as material stages for the dramas of global governance.
The period bouncer system SDSS J105754.25+275947.5: first radial velocity study
Authors: Echevarría J , Zharikov S , Mora Zamora I 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the first radial velocity spectroscopic study of the eclipsing period bouncer SDSS J105754.25+275947.5. Together with eclipse light-curve modelling, we re-determined the system parameters and studied the accretion disc structure. We confirm that the system contains a white dwarf with MWD = 0.83(3) M⊙ and an effective temperature of 11 500(400) K. The mass of the secondary is M2 = 0.056 M⊙ with an effective temperature of T2 = 2100 K or below. The system inclination is i = 84.3(6)°. The data are in good agreement with our determination of K1 = 33(4) km s−1. We estimate the mass transfer rate as $\dot{M}=1.9(2)\times 10^{-11}$ M⊙ yr −1. Based on an analysis of the SDSS and OSIRIS spectra, we conclude that the optical continuum is formed predominantly by the radiation from the white dwarf. The contribution of the accretion disc is low and originates from the outer part of the disc. The Balmer emission lines are formed in a plasma with log N0 = 12.7 (cm−1) and a kinetic temperature of T ∼ 10 000 K. The size of the disc, where the emission lines are formed, expands up to Rd,out = 0.29 R⊙. The inner part of the emission line forming region goes down to Rd,in ≈ 2RWD. The Doppler tomography and trailed spectra show the presence of a hotspot and a clumpy structure in the disc, with variable intensity along the disc position angle. There is an extended region at the side opposite the hotspot with two bright clumps caused more probably by non-Keplerian motion there.
A comprehensive hydrodynamical study of SB DEM L50: understanding off-centre SNe and soft X-ray luminosity
Authors: Orozco-Duarte Rogelio , García-Segura Guillermo , Wofford Aida , Toalá Jesús A 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The superbubbles (SBs) carved in the interstellar medium by stellar winds and supernovae (SNe) are filled with hot (T &gt; 106 K) gas that produces soft X-ray emission (0.3–2.0 keV). Models that assume a constant density medium and central SNe events fail to reproduce the soft X-ray luminosity that is observed in some SBs. We address this problem by generating models that trace the history of SNe in the SB, and produce off-centre SNe, and account for the missing soft X-ray emission. We test the models against archival, radio, optical, and X-ray observations of the SB DEM L50 located in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The soft X-ray properties of DEM L50, including its high luminosity, make it a perfect candidate to test our models. Furthermore, the multiple wave-band observations of this object will help us assess how well our models can reproduce other SB properties beside its soft X-ray properties. We find that a configuration where DEM L50 forms at the edge of a filament reproduces the observed soft X-ray luminosity, optical morphology, shell velocity, and swept-up mass of neutral gas. This configuration is supported by IR observations of the LMC. In addition, we find that off-centre SNe, which enhance soft X-ray emission, naturally occur for all of the initial ambient conditions we tested in our models. Finally, we show that an off-centre SN can explains the observed soft X-ray luminosity of DEM L50, and that the resulting luminosity is consistent with a plasma in non-equilibrium ionization.
Tracing the colliding winds of η Carinae in He i
Authors: Grant David , Blundell Katherine , Godden Emma , Lee Steven , McCowage Chris 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
η Carinae is an extremely luminous and energetic colliding-wind binary. The combination of its orbit and orientation, with respect to our line of sight, enables direct investigation of the conditions and geometry of the colliding winds. We analyse optical He i 5876 and 7065 Å line profiles from the Global Jet Watch observatories covering the last 1.3 orbital periods. The sustained coverage throughout apastron reveals the distinct dynamics of the emitting versus absorbing components: the emission lines follow orbital velocities, while one of the absorption lines is detected only around apastron (0.08 &lt; ϕ &lt; 0.95) and exhibits velocities that deviate substantially from the orbital motion. To interpret these deviations, we conjecture that this He i absorption component is formed in the post-shock primary wind, and is only detected when our line of sight intersects with the shock cone formed by the collision of the two winds. We formulate a geometrical model for the colliding winds in terms of a hyperboloid in which the opening angle and location of its apex are parametrized in terms of the ratio of the wind momentum of the primary star to that of companion. We fit this geometrical model to the absorption velocities, finding results that are concordant with the panchromatic observations and simulations of η Carinae. The model presented here is an extremely sensitive probe of the exact geometry of the wind momentum balance of binary stars, and can be extended to probe the latitudinal dependence of mass-loss.
Drosha-dependent microRNAs modulate FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in vivo
Authors: Kour Sukhleen , Fortuna Tyler , Anderson Eric N , Mawrie Darilang , Bilstein Jessica , Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan , Ward Caroline , Roy Rishit , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Sterneckert Jared , Pandey Udai Bhan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mutations in the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene cause the familial and progressive form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). FUS is a nuclear RNA-binding protein involved in RNA processing and the biogenesis of a specific set of microRNAs. Here we report that Drosha and two previously uncharacterized Drosha-dependent miRNAs are strong modulators of FUS expression and prevent the cytoplasmic segregation of insoluble mutant FUS in vivo. We demonstrate that depletion of Drosha mitigates FUS-mediated degeneration, survival and motor defects in Drosophila. Mutant FUS strongly interacts with Drosha and causes its cytoplasmic mis-localization into the insoluble FUS inclusions. Reduction in Drosha levels increases the solubility of mutant FUS. Interestingly, we found two Drosha dependent microRNAs, miR-378i and miR-6832–5p, which differentially regulate the expression, solubility and cytoplasmic aggregation of mutant FUS in iPSC neurons and mammalian cells. More importantly, we report different modes of action of these miRNAs against mutant FUS. Whereas miR-378i may regulate mutant FUS inclusions by preventing G3BP-mediated stress granule formation, miR-6832–5p may affect FUS expression via other proteins or pathways. Overall, our research reveals a possible association between ALS-linked FUS mutations and the Drosha-dependent miRNA regulatory circuit, as well as a useful perspective on potential ALS treatment via microRNAs.
How obesity and metabolic syndrome affect cardiovascular events, progression to kidney failure and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kang Shin Yeong , Lee Yu Ho , Jeong Su Jin , Kim Jin Sug , Jeong Kyung Hwan , Hwang Hyeon Seok 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are prevalent among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, it is unclear whether obesity without MetS is associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes in CKD patients.

Methods
We searched the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea for patients who underwent national health screenings in 2009–11 and identified 59 725 CKD patients. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. MetS was defined as the presence of three or more metabolic risks.

Results
The cumulative event rate of cardiovascular (CV) events, progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and all-cause mortality was the lowest among obese patients without MetS (all P &lt; .001). In multivariable analysis, obese (versus non-obese) patients without MetS were not at increased risks of CV events [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (95% confidence interval 0.94–1.11)] or progression to ESKD [0.92 (0.77–1.09)]. Their risk of all-cause mortality was significantly decreased [0.82 (0.75–0.90)]. These findings were consistently observed in overweight, obese and morbidly obese patients without MetS. Moreover, despite a linear increase in HR for each additional metabolic abnormality in both obese and non-obese patients, the slope of HR increase for CV events was significantly slower in obese patients (P for interaction = .038).

Conclusions
Obesity without MetS did not increase the risk of CV complications or progression to ESKD. The healthy effect of obesity on all-cause mortality risk and its weakening effect on the association between metabolic hazards and CV risk should be considered in CKD patients.
Effects of Modified Risk Tobacco Product Claims on Consumer Responses
Authors: Seidenberg Andrew B , Boynton Marcella H , Brewer Noel T , Lazard Allison J , Sheeran Paschal , Ribisl Kurt M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
US tobacco manufacturers can seek authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market products using modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims. To inform regulatory decisions, we examined the impact of MRTP claim specificity and content, including whether the claims produced halo effects (ie, inferring health benefits beyond what is stated).

Aims and Methods
Participants were 3161 US adult cigarette smokers. Using a two (general vs. specific) × 2 (risk vs. exposure) plus independent control design, we randomized participants to view one message from these conditions: general risk claim (eg, “smoking-related diseases”), general exposure claim (eg, “chemicals in smoke”), specific risk claim (eg, “lung cancer”), specific exposure claim (eg, “arsenic”), or control. Claims described the benefits of completely switching from cigarettes to the heated tobacco product IQOS.

Results
MRTP claims of any sort elicited a higher willingness to try IQOS relative to control (d = 0.09, p = .043). Claims also elicited lower perceived risk of disease and exposure to harmful chemicals for completely switching from cigarettes to IQOS (d = –0.32 and –0.31) and partially switching (d = –0.25 and d = –0.26; all p &lt; .05). Relative to specific MRTP claims, general MRTP claims led to lower perceived risk and exposure for complete switching (d = –0.13 and d = –0.16) and partial switching (d = –0.14 and d = −0.12; all p &lt; .05). Risk and exposure MRTP claims had similar effects (all p &gt; .05).

Discussion
MRTP claims led to lower perceived risk and exposure, and higher willingness to try IQOS. General claims elicited larger effects than specific claims. MRTP claims also promoted unintended halo effects (eg, lower perceived risk of disease and chemical exposure for partial switching).

Implications
We found evidence that MRTP claims promoted health halo effects. In light of these findings, the FDA should require research on halo effects prior to authorization. Further, if an MRTP claim is authorized, FDA should require tobacco manufacturers to conduct post-market surveillance of how the claim affects consumer understanding, including partial switching perceived risk and exposure beliefs, as well as monitoring of dual-use behaviors.