bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood wheezing syndromes and healthcare data
Authors: Kozyrskyj Anita L. , Mustard Cameron A. , Becker Allan B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThere is convincing evidence that several distinct wheezing syndromes exist in childhood. The purpose of this research was to assess the potential of using healthcare utilization profiles to identify wheezing syndromes in children which are distinct from asthma. Using population‐based healthcare administrative data, a cohort of children, aged 5–15 years, with bronchitis diagnoses from time of birth to 1995, but no physician diagnoses of asthma, was followed over the period January 1996–March 1998. In this follow‐up period, 13% had subsequent healthcare utilization for asthma, 23% had continued healthcare utilization for bronchitis, and 64% had no further healthcare utilization. The likelihood of bronchitis vs. asthma outcomes was determined for a variety of asthma risk factors. In a cohort of 11,043 children with initial healthcare contact for bronchitis but not asthma, two potentially distinct entities of bronchitis emerged from our data: 1) transient bronchitis, similar to transient wheezing of early childhood, which was associated with winter‐only healthcare utilization and absence of allergy, and 2) recurrent bronchitis which differed from asthma on the basis of winter‐only healthcare utilization, prematurity at birth, absence of allergy, and low socioeconomic status. Healthcare administrative records can be used to describe the natural history of wheezing in children and to identify markers which may discriminate asthma from other syndromes. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:131–136. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Airway anomalies in children with Down syndrome: endoscopic findings
Authors: Bertrand Pablo , Navarro Hector , Caussade Solange , Holmgren Nils , Sánchez Ignacio 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal anomaly in humans. Numerous congenital malformations associated with DS have been described. However, there are insufficient data available about airway anomalies. Our objective was to characterize the clinical presentation, frequency, and type of airway anomalies in a population of patients with DS. A retrospective evaluation of flexible bronchoscopies performed in 24 DS patients due to significant respiratory morbidity was compared to the findings in 324 non‐DS patients during the same time period. The procedure was carried out under sedation, using an Olympus BF3C20 bronchoscope. The main indications for the procedure were atelectasis of the right upper lobe (12/24) and stridor (7/24). The most common associated conditions were congenital heart disease (12/24) and reactive airways disease (12/24). The most important endoscopic findings were: laryngomalacia (12/24), tracheomalacia (8/24), tracheal bronchus (5/24), and bronchomalacia (5/24). Only six patients had a normal examination. Multiple airway anomalies (≥2) were a common finding in this series. We conclude that patients with DS and respiratory symptoms have a high incidence of airway anomalies compared to non‐DS patients. The clinician should have a high index of suspicion for airway anomalies in DS patients with respiratory symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:137–141. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantisation of gauged \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$SL(2,\mathbb R)$\end{document} WZNW theories
Authors: Jorjadze G. , Weigt G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCanonical quantisation of the free‐field zero modes q, p on a half‐line p > 0 provides for WZNW coset theories self‐adjoint vertex operators on account of hidden symmetries generated by an S‐matrix.
Adding flavor to AdS/CFT
Authors: Karch A. , Katz A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCoupling fundamental quarks to QCD in the dual string representation corresponds to adding the open string sector. Flavors therefore should be represented by space‐time filling D‐branes in the dual 5d closed string background. This requires several interesting properties of D‐branes in AdS. D‐branes have to be able to end in thin air in order to account for massive quarks, which only live in the UV region. They must come in distinct sets, representing the chiral global symmetry, with a bifundamental field playing the role of the chiral condensate. We show that these expectations are born out in several supersymmetric examples. To analyze most of these properties it is not necessary to go beyond the probe limit in which one neglects the backreaction of the flavor D‐branes.
Black holes and black strings on cylinders
Authors: Harmark T. , Obers N.A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe review the recently discovered ansatz that describes non‐extremal charged dilatonic branes of string/M‐theory with a transverse circle. The ansatz involves a new coordinate system that interpolates between the spherical and cylindrical case, and reduces the equations of motion to a set of equations on one unknown function of two variables. The function is independent of the charge, so that the ansatz can also be used to construct neutral black holes on cylinders and near‐extremal charged dilatonic branes with a transverse circle. The construction enables us to argue that, for sufficiently large mass, there exists a neutral solution that breaks translational invariance in the circle direction, and has larger entropy than that of the neutral black string of the same mass.
Asymmetrically gauged WZNW models
Authors: Quella T. , Schomerus V. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMany interesting exactly solvable backgrounds can be obtained by gauging WZNW models asymmetrically. These include the base of the conifold and the time dependent Nappi‐Witten background in which a 3‐dimensional universe passes through a series of big‐bang big‐crunch singularities. In this short note we review recent results on the conformal field theory description of asymmetric cosets. In particular, we present formulas for their bulk modular invariant partition functions and for a large number of D‐brane boundary states.
The tachyon does matter
Authors: Buchel A. , Walcher J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe review the concept of S‐branes introduced by Gutperle and Strominger [1]. Using the effective spacetime description of the rolling tachyon worldsheets discussed by Sen, we analyze the possibility that the gravitational backreaction of tachyon matter is important in the time‐dependent process. We show that this is indeed the case in the example of the S0‐brane in 4‐dimensional Einstein‐Maxwell theory. This talk is based on [21].
Effective actions near singularities: the STU‐model
Authors: Zagermann M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe derive the low energy effective action of the STU‐model in four and five dimensions near the line T = U, where SU(2) gauge symmetry enhancement occurs. By ‘integrating in’ the light W± bosons together with their superpartners, the quantum corrected effective action becomes non‐singular at T = U and manifestly SU(2) invariant. The four‐dimensional theory is found to be consistent with modular invariance and the five‐dimensional decompactification limit.
Problems in developing an instrument for the rapid assessment of personality status
Authors: Van Horn E. , Manley C. , Leddy D. , Cicchetti D. , Tyrer P. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryPurposeTo assess the validity of a quick assessment instrument (10 minutes) for assessing personality status, the Rapid Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS-R).Subjects and methodsThe PAS-R was evaluated in psychotic patients recruited in one of the centres involved in a multicentre randomised controlled trial of intensive vs standard case management (the UK700 case management trial). Patients were assessed using both a full version of the PAS (PAS-I – ICD version) and the PAS-R. The weighted kappa statistic was used to gauge the (criterion-related) validity of the PAS-R using the PAS-I as the gold standard. Both measure code personality status using a four-point rating of severity in addition to recording individual categories of personality disorder.ResultsOne hundred fifty-five (77%) of 201 patients recruited were assessed with both instruments. The weighted kappa statistic was 0.31, suggesting only moderate agreement between the PAS-I and PAS-R instruments under the four-point rating format, and 0.39 for the dichotomous personality disorder/no disorder separation. The sensitivity (64%) and specificity (82%) of the PAS-R in predicting PAS-I personality disorder were as satisfactory as for other screening instruments but still somewhat disappointing, and the PAS-R had an overall diagnostic accuracy of 78%.ConclusionThe PAS-R is a quick and rough method of detecting personality abnormality but is not a substitute for a fuller assessment.
Envy manifestations and personality disorders
Authors: Habimana E. , Massé L. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryPersonality disorders are frequently associated with socially unacceptable behaviours that might not be always considered deviant. On the other hand, envy has been linked with various forms of maladjustment such as interpersonal conflicts, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, and even criminal behaviour such as vandalism and even murder. According to the DSM-IV, none of the personality disorders, except the narcissistic personality, is formally associated with envy. Nevertheless, this ‘deadly sin’ is so omnipresent in human relationships that it cannot be restricted only to the narcissistic personalities. Most scholars recognise that people would deny that they envy someone else since envy is socially considered as highly undesirable; verbal reports are expected to be biased. To circumvent this difficulty, a projective questionnaire is proposed. We constructed two questionnaires: a direct version (DV) and an indirect version (IV). The sample consisted of 786 students from high school and university. Results suggest that the indirect version provides a more accurate assessment of envy.
Influence of Inflammatory Cytokines on Arteriogenesis
Authors: BUSCHMANN IVO , HEIL MATTHIAS , JOST MARCO , SCHAPER WOLFGANG 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTBlood vessel growth after birth is limited to two major processes. Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries by sprouting or intussusception. The major stimulus for angiogenesis is ischemia. In contrast, arteriogenesis describes the remodeling and growth of collateral arteries from a preexisting arteriolar network. Arteriogenesis is induced after the occlusion of a major artery which induces hemodynamic and mechanical effects on the collateral vessel wall which occur with increasing blood flow velocity due to the low pressure at the reentrant site of the collateral vessel. A variety of different cytokines that act by stimulating endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration or recruitment and activation of monocytes have been identified to stimulate angiogenesis and/or arteriogenesis (i.e., MCP‐1, FGF‐2, TGF‐ß, VEGF, and GM‐CSF). Several clinical trials have been published in that field to suggest the feasibility and safety of treatment with such cytokines or their genes. However, the results indicate that further studies are needed before proangiogenic and proarteriogenic therapies are ready for clinical application.
Discontinuation and switching of therapy after initiation of lipid‐lowering drugs: the effects of comorbidities and patient characteristics
Authors: Yang Chen‐Chang , Jick Susan S. , A. Testa Marcia 
Published: July 2003

Aims  To evaluate the effects of comorbidities and patient characteristics on treatment continuation among patients starting their first course of lipid‐lowering drug (LLD) therapy.Methods  Within the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD), we identified 22 408 patients who started LLD therapy due to coronary heart disease, hyperlipidaemia, or other atherosclerotic diseases, and who received ≥ two prescriptions for LLD between January 1 1990 and December 31 1997. Differences in potential predictors of treatment continuation between patients who continued, and patients who discontinued/switched lipid‐lowering therapy within 1 year after treatment initiation were compared by fitting multivariate logistic regression models. The effects of baseline characteristics on treatment continuation after switching of LLDs were also analysed.Results  Discontinuation/switching of lipid‐lowering therapy was common during the study period, especially among patients who received nonstatin, nonfibrate LLDs (log‐rank test P = 0.0001). Statin use, more frequent physician visits, more concurrent cardiovascular medications, diabetes, and fewer noncardiovascular medications were associated with treatment continuation of LLDs. Among patients who switched therapy, prescribing of a statin as the substituted LLD, more concurrent cardiovascular medications, and later treatment switching were related to a higher probability of treatment continuation after switching LLDs.Conclusions  Treatment continuation after initiation or switching of lipid‐lowering therapy largely increased with concomitant cardiovascular comorbidities, and more health care utilization, and is more common for statins than for other LLDs. Practice guidelines, patient education, and quality of care assessment for lipid‐lowering therapy should emphasize factors that predispose patients to discontinuation/switching, in an effort to optimize the choice of therapeutic regimens and to improve patient adherence.
Pseudoephedrine: effects on milk production in women and estimation of infant exposure via breastmilk
Authors: Aljazaf Khalidah , Hale Thomas W. , Ilett Kenneth F. , Hartmann Peter E. , Mitoulas Leon R. , Kristensen Judith H. , Hackett L. Peter 
Published: July 2003

Aims  To assess the effects of pseudoephedrine on breast blood flow, temperature and milk production, and to estimate the likely infant dose during breastfeeding.Methods  Eight lactating women (mean age 35 years and weight 69 kg) participated in a single‐blind randomized crossover study of 60 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride vs placebo. Breast blood flow and surface temperature were measured from 0 to 4 h following the dose, and change in plasma prolactin was measured as the difference between predose and 1 h postdose concentrations. Milk production was measured for 24 h following placebo and pseudoephedrine. Infant dose of pseudoephedrine for a 60‐mg dose administered four times daily to the mother was quantified as the product of average steady‐state drug concentration in milk and an estimated milk production rate of 0.15 l kg−1 day−1 and expressed relative to the maternal weight‐adjusted dose.Results  There were no physiologically significant changes in breast blood flow or temperature between the placebo and pseudoephedrine periods. The mean change in plasma prolactin was slightly (13.5%), but not significantly lower (t = 1.245, P = 0.253) after pseudoephedrine (1775 mU l−1) compared with placebo (2014 mU l−1). However, the mean milk volume was reduced by 24% from 784 ml day−1 in the placebo period to 623 ml day−1 in the pseudoephedrine period (difference between means 161 ml day−1 (95% CI: 63, 259 ml day−1); t = 3.9, P = 0.006). Assuming maternal intake of 60 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride four times daily, the estimated infant dose of pseudoephedrine was 4.3% (95% CI, 3.2, 5.4%) of the weight‐adjusted maternal dose.Conclusions  A single dose of pseudoephedrine significantly reduced milk production. This effect was not attributable to changes in blood flow, but depression of prolactin secretion may be a contributing factor. At the maximum recommended pseudoephedrine doses, the calculated infant dose delivered via milk was < 10% of the maternal dose, and is unlikely to affect the infant adversely. The ability of pseudoephedrine to suppress lactation suggests a novel use for the drug.
Contribution of increased oral bioavailability and reduced nonglomerular renal clearance of digoxin to the digoxin–clarithromycin interaction
Authors: Rengelshausen Jens , Göggelmann Christoph , Burhenne Jürgen , Riedel Klaus‐Dieter , Ludwig Jochen , Weiss Johanna , Mikus Gerd , Walter‐Sack Ingeborg , Haefeli Walter E. 
Published: July 2003

Aims  A clinically important interaction between the cardiac glycoside digoxin and the antibiotic clarithromycin has been suggested in earlier reports. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of the interaction and the relative contribution of different mechanisms.Methods  In a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind cross‐over design single oral doses of 0.75 mg digoxin with oral coadministration of placebo or 250 mg clarithromycin twice daily for 3 days were administered to 12 healthy men. Additionally, three of the subjects received single intravenous doses of 0.01 mg kg−1 digoxin with oral placebo or clarithromycin. Digoxin plasma and urine concentrations were determined by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay.Results  Oral coadministration of clarithromycin resulted in a 1.7‐fold increase of the area under the digoxin plasma concentration–time curve [mean AUC(0,24) ± SD 23 ± 5.2 vs. 14 ± 2.9 µg L−1 h; 95% confidence interval (CI) on the difference 7.0, 12; P = 0.002] and in a reduction of the nonglomerular renal clearance of digoxin [mean ClRng(0, 24) ± SD 34 ± 39 vs. 57 ± 41 mL min−1; 95% CI on the difference 7.2, 45; P = 0.03]. The ratios of mean digoxin plasma concentrations with and without clarithromycin were highest during the absorption period of clarithromycin. After intravenous administration digoxin AUC(0,24) increased only 1.2‐fold during coadministration of clarithromycin.Conclusions  Increased oral bioavailability and reduced nonglomerular renal clearance of digoxin both contribute to the interaction between digoxin and clarithromycin, probably due to inhibition of intestinal and renal P‐glycoprotein.
CYP2D6, GST‐M1 and GST‐T1 enzymes: expression in parathyroid gland and association with the parathyroid hormone concentration during early renal replacement therapy
Authors: Yan Feng‐Xiang , Langub M. Chris , Ihnen Mark A. , Hornung Carlton , Juronen Erkki , Rayens Mary K. , Cai Wei‐Min , Wedlund Peter J. , Fanti Paolo 
Published: July 2003

Aims  The purpose of this research was to characterize CYP2D6, GST‐M1 and GST‐T1 enzyme expression in human parathyroid tissue, and to determine whether or not there is any association between deficiencies in these enzymes and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in patients with end‐stage renal disease.Methods  Surgical human parathyroid tissue was obtained and evaluated by immunohistochemistry for cellular localization of CYP2D6, GST‐M1 and GST‐T1 and colocalization of CYP2D6 with parathyroid hormone. Blood samples were collected from 328 Caucasian patients with end‐stage renal disease for genetic testing of CYP2D6*3, *4, *5, *6, *7 and GST‐M1*0 and GST‐T1*0 alleles. Clinical chemistry data and serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations were obtained from patient medical records. In 277 of the patients, the same laboratory performed all clinical tests.Results  CYP2D6, GST‐M1 and GST‐T1 were present in human parathyroid tissue. CYP2D6 was colocalized with parathyroid hormone in parathyroid chief cells. Within the end‐stage renal disease population, a nonfunctional CYP2D6 genotype was present in 18.2%[95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0, 28.4] of patients in the 1st iPTH concentration quintile (iPTH < 64 pg mL−1), in 0% (95% CI 0, 7.5) of those in the 2nd quintile, in 1.8% (95% CI 0, 9.3) of those in the 3rd quintile, in 9.1% (95% CI 1.5, 16.7) of those in the 4th quintile, and in 16.7% (95% CI 6.8, 26.5) of those in the 5th quintile (iPTH > 347 pg mL−1) (P = 0.001). Out of 12 CYP2D6‐deficient females, seven were in the 1st iPTH concentration quintile and the remaining five were in the 5th quintile. Patients deficient in the GST‐M1 and GST‐T1 enzymes displayed a far more uniform frequency distribution relative to serum iPTH concentrations.Conclusions  The presence of CYP2D6, GST‐M1 and GST‐T1 in parathyroid cells was observed. An association is reported between a lack of CYP2D6 and iPTH concentrations in newly diagnosed end‐stage renal disease patients. Gender and concomitant deficiency in GST‐M1 and/or GST‐T1 appear to define this association further. It remains to be established whether these associations reflect a cause‐effect relationship between deficient expression of metabolizing enzymes and severity of secondary manifestation of renal failure.
The human hepatic metabolism of simvastatin hydroxy acid is mediated primarily by CYP3A, and not CYP2D6
Authors: Prueksaritanont Thomayant , Ma Bennett , Yu Nathan 
Published: July 2003

Aims  To identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms responsible for the metabolism of simvastatin hydroxy acid (SVA), the most potent metabolite of simvastatin (SV).Methods  The metabolism of SVA was characterized in vitro using human liver microsomes and recombinant CYPs. The effects of selective chemical inhibitors and CYP antibodies on SVA metabolism were assessed in human liver microsomes.Results  In human liver microsomes, SVA underwent oxidative metabolism to three major oxidative products, with values for Km and Vmax ranging from about 50 to 80 µM and 0.6 to 1.9 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein, respectively. Recombinant CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP2C8 all catalysed the formation of the three SVA metabolites, but CYP3A4 was the most active. CYP2D6 as well as CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2A6, CYP1A2 did not metabolize SVA. Whereas inhibitors that are selective for CYP2D6, CYP2C9 or CYP1A2 did not significantly inhibit the oxidative metabolism of SVA, the CYP3A4/5 inhibitor troleandomycin markedly (about 90%) inhibited SVA metabolism. Quercetin, a known inhibitor of CYP2C8, inhibited the microsomal formation of SVA metabolites by about 25–30%. Immunoinhibition studies revealed 80–95% inhibition by anti‐CYP3A antibody, less than 20% inhibition by anti‐CYP2C19 antibody, which cross‐reacted with CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, and no inhibition by anti‐CYP2D6 antibody.Conclusions  The metabolism of SVA in human liver microsomes is catalysed primarily (≥ 80%) by CYP3A4/5, with a minor contribution (≤ 20%) from CYP2C8. CYP2D6 and other major CYP isoforms are not involved in the hepatic metabolism of SVA.