bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating on Simulated Night Shift Effects Glucose Response to Breakfast: Pilot Study
Authors: Grant Crystal , Coates Alison , Dorrian Jillian , Kennaway David , Wittert Gary , Heilbronn Leonie , Pajcin Maja , Vedova Chris Della , Gupta Charlotte , Banks Siobhan 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionShift workis associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The plausible link between shift work and poor health outcomes is the disruption of circadianrhythms. Meal timing plays a key role in this desynchrony. Irregular patterns of feeding/fasting can uncouple the master and peripheral clocks. Animal studies suggest the metabolic consequences of circadian rhythm disruption can be reduced by limiting food intake to only during the normal active phase.AimThis study compared the effect of eating at night versus not eating at night during simulated night shift on glucose metabolism.MethodsIn this laboratory based study, 11healthy, male participants were assigned to either an eating at night (n=4, 24.5±5.4y,22.1±1.4kg/m2) or not eating at night condition (n=7, 25.6±5.8y,22.4±1.9kg/m2). The protocol included one 8h night time baseline sleep, followed by 4 consecutive days of simulated shift work (sleep opportunity10:00h–16:00h each day), and an 8h night time sleep on day 6. Meal timing and composition were strictly controlled throughout the study. Participants in the feeding condition consumed breakfast 07:00h, lunch 19:00h and dinner 01:30hthroughout the protocol. Participants in the fasting condition consumed breakfast 07:00h, snack 1 09:30h, snack 2 14:10h and dinner 19:00h. The energy content of the meals was based on individual daily dietary energy requirements(kJ) calculated using the Harris Benedict equation with a light/sedentary activity level (laboratory condition). Blood samples for glucose analysis were collected at −15, 0 minutes pre‐ and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post‐breakfast on days 1 (baseline), 4 (after simulated shift work) and 6 (return to daytime schedule).ResultsMixed effect ANOVAs were used with fixed effects of condition, day and time, and their interactions, and a random effect of subject id on the intercept. There were significant effects of day (p=0.007), time (p<0.001), condition by day(p<0.001), day by time (p=0.017) and condition by day by time (0.017). Glucose AUC response to breakfast was increased when eating at night compared to not eating at night, such that following 4 nights of simulated shift work AUC increased by 24% from baseline. When not eating at night the increase was only6%. After returning to a daytime schedule, glucose AUC response to breakfast increased by 62.4% from baseline. In the not eating at night condition, there was a 9.5% decrease.ConclusionEating at night impairs glucose response to breakfast. This is not seen in people who do not eat at night which may provide a simple intervention to reduce the burden of metabolic disease in shift workers.
Commercially available gluten free pastas elevate postprandial glycemia in comparison to conventional wheat pasta in healthy adults
Authors: Johnston Carol S , Snyder Darren , Smith Cassandra 
Published: November 2023

The use of gluten free (GF) products has risen sharply in the last ten years, and these items are a popular dietary choice for many Americans without known gluten disorders. The impact of GF product ingestion on health parameters is largely unknown. A 2004 trial (Berti et al. Eur J Nutr) indicated that GF products had differing effects on the postprandial glycemic response, in comparison to conventional wheat products, with GF pasta composed of rice and potato starch raising glycemia and GF bread composed of quinoa lowering gycemia. This trial expands on that research examining the postprandial glycemic response to commercially available GF pastas. Thirteen healthy adults (3 M; 37.3±12.9 y; 25.4±5.1 kg/m2) completed this double‐blind, crossover trial testing three GF pasta products composed of rice, corn/quinoa, or corn/rice and conventional wheat pasta. Testing was separated by at least one week, and participants maintained their normal diets but ingested one bagel daily the third and second day prior to testing. The day prior to testing participants refrained from moderate to heavy activity and consumed two bagels. The test meal consisted of 4 oz. cooked pasta combined with 2 oz. processed cheese sauce. Blood was collected in the fasting state and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post‐meal from a finger prick for blood glucose determination. Venous blood was collected at fasting and 30 minutes post‐meal for plasma insulin analyses. The 2‐h glycemic responses were raised for the GF pastas compared to wheat pasta (+14 to +47%; p=0.024 repeated measures ANOVA) with the 30 minute glucose responses ranging 18 to 57% higher than the wheat pasta (p=0.040 for the corn/rice pasta vs. wheat). The rise in plasma insulin at 30 minutes did not differ between pastas. These data indicate that some commercial GF products may contribute to elevated postprandial glycemia in healthy adults.Support or Funding InformationResearch Support: Graduate and Professional Student Association, Arizona State University
Relationship between chronic stress and consumption of Sweeteners in CD1 Mice
Authors: MARTINEZ BEATRIZ ELINA , Iniesta Lucia García , Herrera Jorge A Escoto , RAMOS Roxana Valdés , Luna Rosa A Jarillo 
Published: November 2023

The sweetener consumption and exposure to stress has increased with the current lifestyle, but this relationship has been little studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ingestion of sweeteners and exposure to stress on water and food consumption. We used forty 21‐days old CD1 mice, divided into 5 groups: Control without stress (CL), Control plus stress (CL + S), Sucrose plus stress (Suc + S), Sucralose plus stress (Sucral + S) and Stevia plus stress (ST+ S). They were identified body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) taking the nose‐anus length (cm) and blood glucose (mg/dL). The sweetener was administered with micropipette everyday (4.1 mg/ml/g BW); the stress model was immobilization two hours daily (Monday to Sunday). Water consumption (without sweetener) and food is quantified for 24h per mouse. In the BMI, no difference was found between groups at the end of the study (F=1.598, p<0.184). The blood glucose concentration increased significantly in the group of Suc + S (F=3.70, p<0.008). Water consumption showed differences between groups (F=2.622, p<0.05), it was significantly elevated in the CL + S group and decreased in the Suc + S and Sucral + S groups. The feed intake showed difference between groups (F =26.72, p<0.001), was significantly lower in the CL + S, Suc + S and ST + S groups. Stress reduces food consumption, increased water consumption in sucrose and sucralose groups therefore the combination of stress and sweetener consumption maybe increases satiety.Support or Funding InformationUAEM
Quantification of fatty acid and mineral levels of selected seeds, nuts and oils in Ghana
Authors: Adjepong Mary , Valentini Kelly , Pickens C. Austin , Li Wei , Appaw William , Fenton Jenifer 
Published: November 2023

Fatty acids (FA) and minerals have crucial roles in growth and development. These nutrients are present in seeds, nuts and oils. However, Ghanaian diets are mainly starchy roots and cereals with the intake of proteins, fats and many minerals below recommended levels. The deficits of these nutrients in the diet may be the leading to iron deficiency anemia and essential fatty acid deficiency in the population. Ghana is the home to several seeds, nuts and oils but the FA profiles and mineral content of these foods are poorly described. Therefore, quantifying the fatty acid and mineral composition of local Ghanaian seeds and oils may lead to identification of underutilized food ingredients incorporated into diets. The aim of this study was to quantify fatty acid and mineral levels of seeds, nuts and oils in Ghana that are not usually incorporated in the diets. Seven types of seeds and five oils collected in Ghana were analyzed for their fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC‐MS). Mineral analysis of seeds was performed using microwave digestion followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Concentrations of fatty acids and minerals are reported as mg/g food grade oil or amount of freeze‐dried seed material, respectively. Soybean was found to contain substantial levels of alpha linolenic acid (4.05mg/g), linoleic acid (17.13mg/g) and oleic acid (14.82mg/g). Peanuts (4.96mg/g), tigernuts (4.21mg/g), agushie seed (12.31mg/g) and agushie flour (7.01mg/g) were found to contain considerable amounts of linoleic acid. Tigernuts (12.17mg/g), peanuts (6.92mg/g), cashew nut (8.10mg/g) and palm oil (8.95mg/g) had significant amounts of oleic acid. The results from the mineral analysis indicated that agushie seeds, (0.11mg/g), agushie flour (0.09mg/g) and soybean (0.06mg/g) had appreciable levels of iron. Tigernuts (3.04mg/g), peanut (4.28mg/g), soybean (8.66mg/g), coconut (3.41mg/g), agushie (2.15mg/g) and agushie flour (2.92mg/g) had substantial amounts of potassium. Taken together, these data indicate several local Ghanaian seeds, nuts and oils are high in fatty acids, including essential fatty acids, and minerals. Future studies should investigate increased incorporation of palm oil, soybean, peanuts, cashew nut, tigernuts, agushie seeds and/or flour into local Ghanaian diets where deficiency may be expected.Support or Funding InformationThe study was funded by BHEARD (Borlaug Higher Education Agricultural and Research Development)
Effect of concordance with the Mediterranean diet on HDL‐C levels in the cohort of health care workers
Authors: Villalón María , Pérez‐Rodríguez Marcela , Salmeron Jorge , Ramirez Paula 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLow HDL Cholesterol (HDL‐C) values are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Evidence suggests that the mediterranean diet can increase HDL‐C levels and therefore reduce the incidence of cardiovascular, however this association seems still inconclusive.ObjectiveInvestigate the relationship between the degree of concordance to the mediterranean diet and HDL‐C levels in the cohort of health care workers.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of the cohort of health care workers in México that included 1800 participants who had a baseline measurement at 2004–2006 and a follow‐up measurement at 2010–2012. Inclusion criteria for this analysis was ≥20 years, normal HDL‐C levels at baseline, and participants using medication to lower serum lipids or heavy drinkers (>2 glasses/day for men and 1 for women) were excluded; 365 participants met the selection criteria. Data on sex, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and smoking was collected. Weight and height were measured by trained personnel. Diet intake was measured with a 1 year food frequency, concordance with Mediterranean Diet was calculated with the MedDiet Score (MDS). Blood samples were collected to measure serum HDL‐C. A linear regression model was developed to investigate the associations between the MDS and follow up levels of HDL‐C.ResultsMean age at baseline was 40.2 ± 14.1 yeard, 220 participants (60.4%) were females, mean BMI was 25.1 ± 4.4 kg/m2. When we calculated the score of the MDS, observed that 33.5% had a high concordance with the MedDiet during both measurements, 21.7% had a high concordance only at baseline, 19.5% only at follow‐up and 25.3% had a high concordance at both time‐points. Participants with a high concordance at baseline had 12mg/dL of HDL‐C more than participants with a low concordance with the MedDiet (p<0.05).ConclusionsA high concordance with the MDS in the past can have beneficial effects on HDL‐C 6 years later, this is in agreement with the literature showing the long‐term effect of diet on health.
The role of short‐chain fatty acid receptor‐mediated macrophages in adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Hasegawa Sae , Kasubuchi Mayu , Miyamoto Junki , Kimura Ikuo 
Published: November 2023

Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced from dietary fiber by the gut microbial fermentation and utilized for host energy sources. Recently, they have been recognized as not only essential host energy sources but also signal transduction molecules to maintain host body energy homeostasis via G protein‐coupled receptor FFAR2 and FFAR3.In the previous report, we showed that the FFAR2 stimulation in adipocytes suppressed adipocyte‐specific insulin signaling, thereby inhibiting the excessive energy uptake and fat accumulation in adipose tissues. Moreover, it was reported that FFAR2 was abundantly expressed in immune tissues as well as adipose tissues.We found that FFAR2 expression was significantly increased in LPS‐induced macrophage, and FFAR2‐mediated immune response is related to the suppression of adipose insulin signaling and fat accumulation in adipose tissue. Hence, these further studies will suggest a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes such as obesity and diabetes.
Headache, GI symptoms and Intestinal Permeability in Obese Adults
Authors: Moss Olivia , Keshavarzian Ali , Tangney Christy , Shawron Krista , Kester Kelly , Shaikh Maliha , Rasmussen Heather 
Published: November 2023

Limited evidence exists concerning the role of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and intestinal barrier function as contributors to headache occurrence. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the relationships between headaches, GI symptoms, and gut barrier function in a largely female sample (n=69) of obese (BMI, 37.6 ± 6.3 kg/m2, mean ± SD) adults, aged 45 ± 11 years. In this cross‐sectional study, 24‐hr urine collected after a sugar challenge was analyzed for sucralose and lactulose concentrations using gas chromatography. 24‐hr sucralose (% oral dose) and the ratio of 24‐hr sucralose/lactulose (24‐hr S/L) were used as markers of intestinal permeability (IP) (median IQR; 24‐hr sucralose, 0.23 [0.32, 1.2] and 24‐hr S/L, 0.23 [0.12, 0.39]). Participants completed a 15‐item headache symptom questionnaire and a clinical GI symptom questionnaire in which each symptom was rated on a 10‐point scale. Thirty‐nine percent of participants reported trouble with headaches (89% were women). Mann Whitney‐U tests were used to assess differences in GI symptom ratings and IP between those with and without headaches. Those with headaches reported greater severity of constipation (p=0.001), diarrhea (p=0.048), irregular bowl habits (p=0.004), infrequent bowel movements (p=0.004), hard stools (p=0.024), and straining with bowel movements (p=0.024). There were no significant differences seen between those with and without headache for 24‐hr sucralose (p=0.069) and 24‐hr S/L (p=0.129), but those with higher IP tended to have more headaches. Logistic regression modeling was performed to assess impact of IP and GI symptoms individually on the likelihood of self‐reported headache. In models containing gender, 24‐hr S/L ratio and individual GI symptoms, significant predictors of headaches were constipation, infrequent bowel movements, and hard stools (e.g., constipation with an odds ratio = 1.4 [95% CI, 1.1–1.8; p=0.007]). In a model containing gender, 24‐hr sucralose, and infrequent bowel movements, both gender and GI symptoms were significant predictors of headache (infrequent bowel movements: odds ratio 1.2 [1.0–1.5], p=0.04; gender: 4.6 [1.1–19.8], p=0.041; and 24‐hr sucralose 2.2 [0.9–5.0], p= 0.06). While preliminary, the relationship between GI symptoms, particularly those associated with constipation and gut barrier function on headache occurrence, should be further explored.Support or Funding InformationNational Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2021‐67017‐19344
Establishing that the VM‐M3 Model of Metastatic Cancer Exhibits Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Koutnik Andrew Paul , Poff Angela M , Ward Nathan P , Ramirez Melissa , D'Agostino Dominic P 
Published: November 2023

While most cancer deaths are a result of metastatic disease, an estimated one‐third can be attributed to cachexia. Cancer cachexia is characterized by the loss of body weight and skeletal muscle mass, with or without fat loss, that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and results in progressive functional impairment. There are many models of cancer cachexia, but none are ideal as they do not address all aspects of this multifaceted syndrome. Furthermore, there are no well characterized models of cancer cachexia associated with spontaneous systemic metastasis although cachexia occurs almost exclusively in patients with metastatic disease. The VM‐M3 model is a syngeneic mouse model derived from a spontaneous brain tumor (GBM) which, when implanted subcutaneously, results in rapid and systemic metastasis throughout the body, including to the liver, lungs, brain, kidneys, and spleen. As such, we sought to determine if cachexia occurs in the VM‐M3 model. Male and female VM/dk mice were randomly assigned to healthy (control) or diseased (VM‐M3 tumor‐bearing) groups. Diseased mice received a subcutaneous implantation of VM‐M3 cells while control animals received a sham injection of PBS. Diseased animals were euthanized at end of life along with an age, sex, and weight‐matched control mouse. Body weight, food intake, tumor growth, and blood glucose, ketones, and cytokine profile were measured weekly. Complete Blood Count was gathered immediately prior to end of life euthanasia. Gastrocnemius diameter and weight, and spleen and liver weight were measured at euthanasia. There was no difference in tumor growth rate or survival time between male and female diseased mice. Food intake and gastrocnemius weight and diameter were decreased in diseased mice of both sexes. Blood glucose, but not ketones, was lower in diseased mice of both sexes. Liver and spleen weights were increased in diseased mice of both sexes. Serum IL‐6 was elevated at 14 days and end‐of–life, while TNF‐α, G‐CSF, and CXCL1 were elevated at end‐of‐life, in diseased mice of both sexes. CXCL1 and CXCL10 were elevated in diseased males at 14 days. White blood cell and lymphocytes were higher, while platelet count and hematocrit were lower in diseased males. Monocytes were elevated in diseased females. Granulocytes were elevated while red blood cell count and hemoglobin were reduced in both diseased males and females.Support or Funding InformationScivation, Inc.
Cholesterol homeostasis actors and breast cancer disease severity
Authors: Bard Jean‐Marie , Classe Jean‐Marc , Joalland Marie‐Pierre , Chauvin Anaïs , Bobin‐Dubigeon Christine 
Published: November 2023

Background and ObjectiveActivation of LXR (Liver X Receptor) by nutrients may lead to cholesterol depletion, inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in cancer cell models. The goal of this study is to relate the expression of some genes driven by LXR with tumor characteristics and time for recurrence.MethodsABCA1, ABCG1, ApoE and LXRb gene expression was evaluated by Q‐PCR in 69 frozen tumors obtained at surgery. Gene expression in groups of patients defined by clinical and tumor characteristics was compared by the median or Kruskal Wallis tests and relationship with time for recurrence within 8 years of follow‐up was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meir method.ResultsABCG1 expression was significantly different according to SBR status of the tumor (1.25 [0.47–8.07], 1.93 [0.66–4.09], 0.93 [0.24–3.46] for SBRI (n=16), SBRII (n=42) and SBRIII (n=11) respectively, p=0.02). SBRIII differed from SBRI (p=0.04) and SBRII (p=0.02). ABCA1 tended to differ according to the SBR status (0.79 [0.27–2.52], 0.71 [0.37–2.84], 0.46 [0.20–1.29] for SBRI, SBRII and SBRIII, p=0.07). ABCG1 was higher in ER+ tumors (N=63) (1.90 [0.47–4.09] vs 0.93 [0.31–1.38], p=0.02) and Apo E expression was lower in PR+ tumors (N=55) (0.76 [0.26–3.61] vs 1.07 [0.06–6.98], p=0.03). No difference was observed in gene expressions according to HER2 status or the TNM stage of the disease. 27 cases of recurrence among the 69 patients studied were observed during the 8 years of follow‐up. However, no significant relationship was observed between gene expression and time for recurrence (Log rank test across quartiles of gene expression: p=0.28, p=0.75, p=0.60, p=0.44, p=0.20 for ABCA1, ABCG1, ApoE, PON2 and LXRb respectively).ConclusionExpression of some genes involved in cholesterol trafficking is related to breast cancer tumor characteristics but not with time for recurrence. This absence of any relationship with time for recurrence may be due to lack of power. The interference of diet in the relationship between gene expression and tumor status remains to be elucidated.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Ligue Contre le Cancer Loire Atlantique
Low‐Dose Methotrexate Alters Cellular Folate Mediated One Carbon Metabolism
Authors: Lai Sou Nga , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Isabel Chiang En‐Pei 
Published: November 2023

Impairments in folate‐dependent metabolism are associated with several human pathologies including neural tube defects, cancers, and vascular diseases. Folate mediated one carbon metabolism is an important target for cell proliferation diseases in human including rheumatic diseases. Low‐dose methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most common immunosuppressants used in rheumatic and other inflammatory conditions. MTX is a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase, which can deplete folates and inhibit DNA synthesis. MTX also interferes with the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase, resulting in reduced cellular 5‐methylTHF levels and decreased homocysteine remethylation. Methionine S‐adenosyltransferase (MAT) catalyzes the only reaction that produces the major methyl donor in mammals. We reported that low‐dose MTX inhibits MAT in vitro and in vivo. The present study was conducted to further investigate how low‐dose MTX alter 1‐carbon metabolic fluxes in vitro and in vivo. Hepatoma and human liver derived cell lines were cultured under folate restriction or in low‐dose MTX with or without folate or methionine supplementation. Male C57BL/6J mice received regimens that reflected low‐dose clinical use of MTX in humans. Metabolic fluxes in 1‐carbon metabolism were investigated using stable isotopic tracers and GCMS. Concurrent folinate supplementation ameliorated MAT2A reduction and restored S‐adenosylmethionine in HepG2 cells. However, posttreatment folinate rescue failed to restore MAT2A reduction or S‐adenosylmethionine level in cells preexposed to MTX. Furthermore, the enrichments from isotopic tracers indicated that MTX inhibits endogenous formate production and alter the partitioning of 1‐carbon flow in our cell models. The impacts of low dose MTX on one carbon metbolic kinetics are under investigation. This study may provide new insights on the regulatory mechanisms by which DMARDs alter cellular one carbon metabolism and thus give potential therapeutic strategies in treating human rheumatic diseases.Support or Funding Informationsupported by NSC102‐2320‐B‐005‐006‐MY3;MOST104‐2320‐B‐005‐010‐MY3;and MOST104‐2911‐I005‐ 301