bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐being and sense of coherence during pregnancy
Authors: Sjöström Helga , Langius‐Eklöf Ann , Hjertberg Ragnhild 
Published: November 2004

Background.  Our knowledge of how a woman as an individual experiences, evaluates and copes with pregnancy is limited. The concept of ‘sense of coherence’ as described by Antonovsky may be an important factor in how people deal with stressful situations in life. The aim of this study is to describe pregnant women's perception of well‐being during pregnancy and after delivery and to explore its relationship to their sense of coherence.Methods.  Participants (n = 177) were recruited from four Maternal Health Care Centers (MHCCs) in the Stockholm area. Three standard instruments were used in the study: the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, the Health Index (HI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. These instruments were filled in at pregnancy weeks 10–12 and 34–36 and also 8 weeks after delivery.Results.  One hundred and twenty women completed the study. At weeks 34–36 the pregnant women scored significantly worse for well‐being than at weeks 10–12 and after delivery. A strong predictor for well‐being is the women's degree of SOC. With regard to anxiety and depression no differences were found between the measurements. Neither demographic data such as age or financial status nor degree of complications influenced the results.Conclusions.  Our study shows that the SOC scale measures the capacity to cope with the unforeseeable process that child‐bearing still implies today. The SOC scale questionnaire and the HI can complement the midwife's subjective evaluation of the pregnant woman's need for psychosocial support during pregnancy. If this is correct, the SOC scale and the HI could be of great value in clinical work within maternal health care.
Major congenital heart disease in Northern Norway: shortcomings of pre‐ and postnatal diagnosis
Authors: Acharya Ganesh , Sitras Vassilis , Maltau Jan Martin , Dahl Lauritz Bredrup , Kaaresen Per Ivar , Hanssen Tor Arne , Lunde Per 
Published: November 2004

Background.  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a significant cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Prenatal detection rate of CHD remains low in most European countries and a substantial proportion of infants with serious heart disease are diagnosed only after discharge from hospital after birth. Earlier recognition of treatable abnormalities may improve the perinatal outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, pre‐ and postnatal diagnosis and outcome of major CHD in two northern‐most counties of Norway.Materials and methods.  All cases of major CHD were identified by reviewing the records of all fetal and neonatal echocardiographies and all perinatal autopsies performed during the study period. Data were obtained on maternal age, associated risk factors, time of diagnosis, type of CHD and outcome.Results.  Ninety‐one fetal and 52 neonatal echocardiographies and 77 perinatal autopsies were performed during the 2‐year study period. There was a total of 5658 births during this period. Twenty‐five cases of major CHD were identified. Six of them were diagnosed prenatally, 18 after birth, and one additional case was identified from the perinatal autopsy register. The incidence of major CHD in Northern Norway was 4.4 per 1000 births. The prenatal detection rate was 24% (6/25). In 39% (7/18) of cases diagnosed postnatally the diagnosis was made following a second admission after the baby has been initially discharged from hospital after birth. The mortality among liveborn infants with major CHD was 17.4% (4/23).Conclusion.  Despite almost universal prenatal ultrasound screening and at least one neonatal examination before discharge, the diagnosis of major CHD is made after a relevant delay in a substantial proportion of cases.
Association between maternal age and the likelihood of a cesarean section: a population‐based multivariate logistic regression analysis
Authors: Lin Herng‐Ching , Sheen Tzong‐Chyi , Tang Chao‐Hsiun , Kao Senyeong 
Published: November 2004

Background.  A majority of studies examining the relationship between advancing maternal age and the likelihood of cesarean section (CS) use data from regional samples or from a limited number of medical institutions. This study uses population‐based data from Taiwan to explore the relationship between maternal age and the likelihood of a CS.Methods.  The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) on registries of medical facilities and board‐certified physicians and monthly claim summaries for inpatients were used. In total, 502 524 singleton deliveries were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed with the presence of CS as the dependent variable and maternal age (<20, 20–29, 30–34 and >34 years) as the independent variable. The study controlled for maternal indications, institution characteristics, maternal requests and attending physician characteristics.Results.  CS rates for the age groups <20, 20–29, 30–34 and >34 years were 17.7, 27.4, 37.4 and 47.5%, respectively. The regression analyses consistently showed that the likelihood of a CS significantly increased with advancing maternal age within each category of complication after adjusting for medical institution characteristics and characteristics of the attending physician.Conclusions.  This study found that, after adjusting for maternal indications, and healthcare institution and physician characteristics, there was a significant relationship between advancing maternal age and an increased likelihood of a CS. This finding, together with the high CS rate of 32.1% in Taiwan, one of the highest reported in the world today, highlights an imperative need to devise interventions to reduce the frequency of CSs.
Postoperative infections and antibiotic prophylaxis for hysterectomy in Sweden: a study by the Swedish National Register for Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Löfgren Mats , Poromaa Inger Sundström , Stjerndahl Jan Henrik , Renström Birgitta 
Published: November 2004

Aim.  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the current use of antibiotic prophylaxis, the rate of postoperative infections, and risk factors for postoperative infections in patients undergoing elective hysterectomy for non‐malignant pathology.Methods.  The study was performed during the time period July 2000 to 1 January 1 2003, using data from the Swedish National Register for Gynecologic Surgery, covering 26 of 49 clinics and approximately 50% of the Swedish population. During this time period, 3267 women undergoing elective hysterectomy for non‐malignant pathology (mainly dysfunctional bleeding and fibromas) and with complete data on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative follow up were included. A postoperative infection was considered to have developed if patients or the physician reported an infection related to the surgical site, together with reported use of antibiotic treatment.Results.  Among the 3267 patients, 341 (10.4%) were considered to have developed a postoperative infection. In cases where antibiotic prophylaxis had not been given, total abdominal hysterectomies and vaginal hysterectomies were associated with the highest frequency for postoperative infections P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. Notably, also women undergoing subtotal hysterectomy reported significantly lower rates of postoperative infections if prophylactic antibiotics had been given, P < 0.05. Risk factors for postoperative infection were non‐use of antibiotic prophylaxis, hospital, age less than 40 years, and BMI > 30 kg/m2.Conclusions.  The study results have indicated the need of prospective clinical trials on antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing supravaginal abdominal hysterectomy. Also, a need to further evaluate the current prophylactic antibiotic protocols used for obese patients and younger women undergoing any kind of hysterectomy is warranted.
THE GENUS BALLIELLA ITONO & TANAKA (RHODOPHYTA: CERAMIACEAE) FROM EASTERN AUSTRALIA1
Authors: Huisman John M. , Kraft Gerald T. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThree new species of the genus Balliella Itono & Tanaka are described from eastern Australia. Balliella amphiglanda from Lord Howe I. and Port Hacking, N.S.W., is distinctive in producing either abaxial or adaxial gland cells from the basal cells of lateral branches and in having tetrasporangia restricted to short branches. Balliella repens, from Tryon I., Heron I and Wistari Reef Qld., and Lord Howe I., N.S.W., is distinguished from the other species of the genus by its regularly developed prostrate systems and clustered tetrasporangia. Balliella grandis, from Wistari Reef, North West I. and One Tree I., Qld., is the largest recorded species of Balliella. It has correspondingly large gland cells and abaxial as well as adaxial tetrasporangia. Our work supports the placement of Balliella in the tribe Antithamnieae, a move which necessitates emending Wollaston's definition of the tribe to include species with procarps that form at successive levels along main axes rather than at only one or two points behind the apices.
COLONIZATION AND GROWTH OF ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM (PHAEOPHYTA) IN MAINE1
Authors: Keser Milan , Larson Bruce R. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTColonization and growth of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. were investigated in two Maine estuaries from 1972 to 1978. Following denudation of intertidal rock, substrata were initially colonized by Fucus vesiculosus L.; eventually, Ascophyllum supplanted Fucus, and became dominant in terms of percentage cover. Ascophyllum settled first and most densely in the low intertidal zone, but its fastest growth occurred in the mid‐intertidal zone. Some, but not all, Ascophyllum germlings produced a vesicle within one year of colonization. The mean annual growth of A. nodosum was variable among sites, zones and years.
STRUCTURE, LIFE HISTORY AND SYSTEMATICS OF RHOICOSPHENIA (BACILLARIOPHYTA). IV. CORRELATION OF SIZE REDUCTION WITH CHANGES IN VALVE MORPHOLOGY OF RH. GENUFLEXA1
Authors: Medlin Linda K. , Fryxell Greta A. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT Rhoicosphenia Grun. is a relatively isolated genus among the biraphid diatoms. Morphological changes in an isopolar member of the genus, Rh. genuflexa (Kütz.) Medlin, were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The fully raphid valve showed changes in its flexure that could be correlated with size reduction during its life history from the initial cells to the smallest cells found in the population. Bands showed changes in number (from three to one) related to size reduction. Rh. genuflexa is morphologically similar to Rh. abbreviata (C. Ag.) Lange‐Bert. (=Rh. curvata (Kütz.) Grun.), although the two are distinct taxa. These observations support previous contentions that Rhoicosphenia is a natural taxonomic grouping.
DEPRESSION OF MASTIGOCLADUS LAMINOSUS (CYANOPHYTA) NITROGENASE ACTIVITY UNDER NORMAL SUNLIGHT INTENSITIES1
Authors: Wickstrom Conrad E. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThe effect of light intensity (PAR) on the nitrogenase activity of Mastigocladus laminosus Cohn was studied by the acetylene reduction technique. Benthic mat from a thermal stream, Hot River, in Yellowstone National Park was used in both experimental and in situ incubations. This hot spring maintained a mean pH of 7.0, was essentially isothermal (ca. 50°C), and had virtually no upstream to downstream physicochemical gradients (P > 0.05). Two surveys of the stream showed that nitrogenase of the M. laminosus mat was significantly more active (P > 0.02) under low light intensities than under high intensities, 252 and 712 μE · m−2· s−1, respectively. Maximum activity of Hot River Mastigocladus (268 nmol C2H4· mg Chl a−1· h−1) occurred at 50% full midday light intensities; the rates at low light (mean = 247 nmol C2H4· mg Chl a−1· h−1) were significantly (P > 0.001) greater than those at high light (mean = 106). The results indicate that M. laminosus nitrogenase activity is low light adapted and suggest that the temporal pattern for nitrogen fixation might be significantly different from that of thermophilic Calothrix.
EFFECTS OF THE SYMBIOTIC RED ALGA HYPNEOCOLAX STELLARIS ON ITS HOST HYPNEA MUSCIFORMIS (HYPNEACEAE, GIGARTINALES)1
Authors: Apt Kirk E. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThe presence of the “symbiotic” red alga Hypneocolax stellaris Borgesen was found to substantially reduce the growth rate of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux. The growth rate of injected field material was 40% less than unifected thalli. Likewise, the growth rate of host thalli infected in the laboratory was reduced 70% compared to uninfected thalli. Neither the quantity nor quality of carrageenan extracted from Hypnea musciformis was directly affected by the presence of Hypneocolax stellaris. In a mariculture system the presence of a symbiotic alga on its host would be expected to reduce the host's growth rate and thereby lower its economic potential.
CERATODICTYON SPONGIOSUM (RHODOFHYTA), THE MACROALGAL PARTNER IN AN ALGA‐SPONGE SYMBIOSIS, GROWN IN UNIALGAL CULTURE12
Authors: Price Ian R. , Friker Richard L. , Wilkinson Clive R. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThe marine alga Ceratodictyon spongiosum Zanardini, known only in nature in symbiotic association with a haplosclerid sponge, was isolated into unialgal culture for the first time. Protracted vegetative development took place in simple inorganic medium in the absence of the sponge. Cultured specimens transplanted into the field have not survived.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, LIGHT AND pH ON GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE PERIDINIUM CINCTUM FA. WESTII IN LABORATORY CULTURES1
Authors: Lindström Kåre 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTOptimum light, temperature, and pH conditions for growth, photosynthetic, and respiratory activities of Peridinium cinctum fa. westii (Lemm.) Lef were investigated by using axenic clones in batch cultures. The results are discussed and compared with data from Lake Kinneret (Israel) where it produces heavy blooms in spring. Highest biomass development and growth rates occurred at ca. 23° C and ≥50 μE· m−2·s1 of fluorescent light with energy peaks at 440–575 and 665 nm. Photosynthetic oxygen release was more efficient in filtered light of blue (BG 12) and red (RG 2) than in green (VG 9) qualities. Photosynthetic oxygen production occurred at temperatures ranging from 5° to 32° C in white fluorescent light from 10 to 105 μE·m−2·s−1 with a gross maximum value of 1500 × 10−12 g·cell−1·h−1 at the highest irradiance. The average respiration amounted to ca. 12% of the gross production and reached a maximum value of ca. 270·10−12 g·cell−1·h−1 at 31° C. A comparison of photosynthetic and respiratory Q10‐values showed that in the upper temperature range the increase in gross production was only a third of the corresponding increase in respiration, although the gross production was at maximum. Short intermittent periods of dark (>7 min) before high light exposures from a halogen lamp greatly increased oxygen production. Depending on the physiological status of the alga, light saturation values were reached at 500–1000 μE·m−2·s−1 of halogen light with compensation points at 20–40 μE·m−2·s−1 and Ik‐values at 100–200 μE·m−2·s−1. The corresponding values in fluorescent light in which it was cultured and adapted, were 25 to 75% lower indicating the ability of the alga to efficiently utilize varying light conditions, if the adaptation time is sufficient. Carbon fixation was most efficient at ca. pH 7, but the growth rates and biomass development were highest at pH 8.3.
SPECIALIZED APPENDAGES ON SPERMATIA FROM THE RED ALGA AGLAOTHAMNION NEGLECTUM (CERAMIALES, CERAMIACEAE) SPECIFICALLY BIND WITH TRICHOGYNES1
Authors: Magrude William H. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTSpermatia from Aglaothamnion neglectum Feldmann‐Mazoyer specifically bind with trichogynes and hairs of female thalli, One of the functions of hairs on female thalli appears to be the catching of spermatia. Fertilization can occur if a spermatium binds first with a hair and then binds with a trichogyne. The binding of spermatia with trichogynes is not species specific, but only occurs beween closely related species. Spermatia have fimbriate coneshaped appendages projecting from each end that are responsible for initial binding with trichogynes.
DESICCATION TOLERANCE OF GRACILARIA TIKVAHIAE (RHODOPHYTA)1,2
Authors: Hodgson Lynn M. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThe photosynthesis of Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan, normally a subtidal plant, returned to initial levels within a day following single desiccations to 50% and repeated desiccations to at least 15%. In contrast, growth rates were decreased by even very mild desiccation.
A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF HOMMERSANDIA MAXIMICARPA GEN. ET SP. NOV. (KALLYMENIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC1
Authors: Hansen Gayle I. , Lindstrom Sandra C. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTA new foliose red alga, common subtidally from British Columbia to the Aleutian Islands, is described and given the name Hommersandia maximicarpa. The lobed perennial thallus, which can reach a height of 23 cm, is distinguished by its vegetative structure and by its unique pattern of nonprocarpic carposporophyte development. In transverse section, the blades consist of a narrow filamentous medullary layer sandwiched on either side by large ellipsoidal subcortical cells and a thin outer cortex. The monocarpogonial branch and auxiliary cell systems of the female plants are typical of many members of the Kallymeniaceae. However, after the carpogonialfusion cell forms, a distinctive developmental pattern begins. The connecting filaments radiate outward into the surrounding tissue, branch abundantly, and become septate. They then contact, in addition to auxiliary cells, many small moniliform accessory branches. These branches appear to act as initiation points for the gonimoblast filaments. The large diffuse carposporophytes produced are unknown in any other member of the Cryptonemiales. The vegetative and reproductive anatomy of Hommersandia is compared to other Kallymeniaceae, and similar patterns of postfertilization development are examined in the Rhodophyta.
TRANSFER OF N2 AND CO2 FIXATION PRODUCTS FROM ANABAENA OSCILLARIOIDES TO ASSOCIATED BACTERIA DURING INORGANIC CARBON SUFFICIENCY AND DEFICIENCY1
Authors: Paerl Hans W. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTTransfer of N2 and CO2 fixation products from the bloom forming blue‐green alga, Anabaena oscillarioides Bory, to attached and free swimming bacteria is common during active growth of the former. Incubation with 15N2 and 14CO2 followed by size fractionation filtration reveals that: i) magnitudes of fixed N and C excretion, relative to N2 and CO2 fixation, are dictated by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) availability for A. oscillarioides photosynthetic production, ii) associated bacteria exhibit preferences for recently fixed excreted N compounds, iii) bacterial utilization of excreted N is independent of ambient light conditions, and iv) lag times between N2 fixation and detectable bacterial assimilation of excreted fixed N compounds are ca. 1–2 h. Both 14NH4Cl dilution and Hg(NH3)2 Cl2 precipitation techniques indicate that NH3 is a major excretion product from A. oscillarioides, particularly during DIC limited growth. Active N and C excretion and transfer to associated bacteria are features of viable A. oscillarioides filaments. Hence, transfer of these metabolites reflects complex mutualistic, and possibly symbiotic associations rather than solely signaling senescence.
Saliva of the Yellow Fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, modulates murine lymphocyte function
Authors: Wasserman H. A. , Singh S. , Champagne D. E. 
Published: November 2004

SUMMARY Saliva of many vector arthropods contains factors that inhibit haemostatic responses in their vertebrate hosts. Less is known about the effect of vector saliva on host immune responses. We investigated the effect of Aedes aegypti salivary gland extracts on antigen‐stimulated responses of transgenic OVA‐TCR DO11 mouse splenocytes in vitro. T‐cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner, with greater than 50% inhibition at 0·3 salivary gland pair (SGP) equivalents/mL. LPS‐stimulated B‐cell proliferation was also inhibited. Secretion of the Th1 cytokines IL‐2 and IFN‐γ was reduced by 50% or more with 0·45–0·6 SGP/mL, as was secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines GM‐CSF and TNF‐α, and the Th2 cytokine IL‐5. The Th2 cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐10 were similarly reduced with 0·6–2 SGP/mL. Inhibition of lymphocyte function involved modulation of viable T‐cells at low salivary gland extract (SGE) concentrations, and decreased viability at higher concentrations. Dendritic cells were not killed by salivary gland extracts at concentrations as high as 25 salivary gland pairs/mL, but secretion of IL‐12 was inhibited by 87% following exposure to 0·6 SGP/mL. Activity is present in saliva and extracts of female but not male salivary glands, and it is depleted from salivary glands of blood‐fed mosquitoes. The activity is denatured by boiling and by digestion with the protease papain, indicating a protein; gel filtration HPLC indicates a mass of about 387 kDa. These results suggest that A. aegypti saliva exerts a marked immunomodulatory influence on the environment at the bite site.
A radiation hybrid map of chicken chromosome 15
Authors: Jennen D. G. J. , Crooijmans R. P. M. A. , Morisson M. , Grootemaat A. E. , van der Der Poel J. J. , Vignal A. , Groenen M. A. M. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryWe have constructed a radiation hybrid (RH) map of chicken chromosome (GGA) 15. This map can be used as a resource to efficiently map genes to this chromosome. The map has been developed using a 6000 rad chicken–hamster whole‐genome radiation hybrid panel (ChickRH6). In total, six microsatellite loci, 18 sequence tagged sites (STSs) from BAC end sequences and 11 genes were typed on the panel. The initial framework map comprised eight markers, and an additional 23 markers were then added to generate the final map. The total map length was 334 centiRay6000 (cR6000). The estimated retention frequency for the data set was 18%. Using an estimated physical length of 21 Mb, the ratio between cR6000 and physical distance over GGA15 was estimated to be 0.063 Mb/cR6000. The present map increases the marker density and the marker resolution on GGA15 and enables fast mapping of new chicken genes homologous to genes from human chromosomes 12 and 22.
Early childhood factors influencing health‐related quality of life in adolescents at 13 years
Authors: Maher Elise 
Published: November 2004

.

Wilkins, A.J.,
O'Callaghan, M.J.,
Najman, J.M.,
Williams, G.M. &
Shuttlewood, G.
(
2004
)

40
,
102
–
109
.
Objective  To understand the relationship of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) to early life experience.Methodology  Eight thousand five hundred and fifty‐six women enrolled in a prospective study at their first antenatal clinic visit. At 13 years, of 5345 women remaining, a consecutive sample of 901 mother/child pairs provided data on adolescent HRQOL using the Child Health Questionnaire‐Parent Report form (CHQ‐PF50) and the Dartmouth COOP Functional Assessment Charts for Adolescents. The CHQ‐PF50 yielded physical (PHS) and psychosocial (PSS) summary scores. We examined the relationship between HRQOL and early childhood predictive variables.Results  PHS was related to gestation, maternal health symptoms in pregnancy, maternal anxiety at 6 months, child health and hours of childcare at 5 years (P < 0.05). PSS was related to maternal age at index visit, maternal attitude to pregnancy, maternal satisfaction with caregiving and maternal depression at 6 months, and child health and behaviour problems at 5 years (internalizing and social/attentional/thought (SAT) domains) (P < 0.05). Findings from adolescent self‐reports were similar.Conclusions  This study has identified a number of early childhood determinants of adolescent HRQOL. These findings add to the evidence of the effects of early adversity on the developmental pathways of children and support the need for effective early intervention.