bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of Pueraria lobata (kudzu) and closely related taxa as revealed by inter‐simple sequence repeat analysis
Authors: SUN J H , LI Z‐C , JEWETT D K , BRITTON K O , YE W H , GE X‐J 
Published: July 2005

SummaryKudzu (Pueraria lobata) is a noxious weed infesting some areas of the USA. Knowledge of its genetic variation in both native and invasive areas can lead to effective biological control measures. Inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) variations were studied in P. lobata and its four closely related congeneric species (P. edulis, P. montana, P. phaseoloides and P. thomsoni). ISSR results allowed a clear separation of these five species. For P. lobata, 108 plants from China and USA were analysed. The samples from the US were genetically closer to Chinese P. lobata populations than to other congeneric populations. High genetic differentiation was found for P. lobata, P. montana and P. thomsoni in Chinese samples. High genetic diversity and low population differentiation was found in P. lobata samples of the US. This supports the hypothesis of multiple introductions into the USA from different sources in Japan or China, followed by subsequent gene exchange and recombination.
How to Repair Relationships – Reconciliation in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Wittig Roman M. , Boesch Christophe 
Published: July 2005

AbstractReconciliation appears to repair the relationships of former opponents after being disturbed by aggressive interactions. Despite a consensus about the benefit of reconciliation, how former opponents achieve this benefit remains unclear. Variation within reconciliation is evident in many species, but understanding what causes the variation has been mostly neglected until now. We collected 178 events of reconciliation of both sexes in a community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. Our data provide evidence for the relationship‐repair function of reconciliation, as aggression disturbed tolerance levels among former opponents and reconciliation restored tolerance to normal levels again. Partners with highly beneficial relationships reconciled more often compared with partners of low mutual benefit. Latency and duration of reconciliation varied in combination, such that short reconciliations were initiated soon after the conflict, while long reconciliations were initiated later. Latency increased with the risk of further aggression, while duration decreased when costs were incurred from interruption of beneficial activities. In contrast, the complexity of reconciliation varied according to the intensity of the preceding conflict, such that reconciliation was more complex after more intense conflicts. Our results suggest that relationships between opponents are increasingly disturbed with increasing conflict intensity and reconciliation repairs all relationships independent of their relationship value. We propose that the function of reconciliation is to reduce the disturbance created by aggression, but the more frequent the reconciliation, the more beneficial it is for former opponents.
Differential Growth of Own and Alien Pups in Mixed Litters of Mice: A Role for Genomic Imprinting?
Authors: Hager Reinmar , Johnstone Rufus A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFemale mice are said to be unable to distinguish own from alien offspring and will indiscriminately nurse each other's young in communal nests. Here, we present results of a split‐litter experiment that tested whether offspring growth was affected depending on whether they were nursed by their own or unrelated foster mothers. Pups of reciprocal crosses between C57/B6 and CBA/Ca strains were fostered in mixed litters that consisted half of their natural siblings and half of unrelated littermates of the reciprocal genotype. Analysing the relative growth of the two pup types showed that offspring gained proportionally more weight when nursed by their own mothers than their cross‐fostered litter mates during the period from day 15 until weaning, during which maternal provisioning effort contributes to pup weight gain. Before day 15 of the pups’ life, however, we found no advantage of being nursed by biological mothers, and we suggest that this may be due to the effects of paternally expressed genes in young that mask their maternal identity, thus favouring indiscriminate nursing of all young in a communal nest.
The Brief Piping Signal of the Honey Bee: Begging Call or Stop Signal?
Authors: Pastor Kristen A. , Seeley Thomas D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor over 40 yr, investigators have recognized that the brief piping signal plays a role in the foraging operation of a honey bee colony. The function of this signal, however, remains uncertain. The main objective of this study was to determine whether, under normal foraging conditions, bees following waggle dancers produce brief piping signals to beg nectar samples from the dancers. We made observations on waggle dancers and their followers in an undisturbed colony whose foragers gathered nectar and pollen from flowers. We found that waggle dancers do often receive brief piping signals, that the bees producing these signals are generally dance followers, and that these signals increase a waggle dancer's tendency to stop dancing. We also found, however, that the brief piping signal is clearly not a begging call; 0 of 41 waggle dancers that received a piping signal from a dance follower gave a nectar sample to the bee that produced the signal. Our results support the hypothesis that the brief piping signal is a stop signal; it serves to shut off waggle dancing. But why some dance followers pipe the dancer they are following, thereby inhibiting her dancing, remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
Spermatozoa from the supertribes Lasiopteridi and Stomatosematidi (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae): ultrastructure data and phylogeny of the subfamily Cecidomyiinae
Authors: DALLAI ROMANO , LUPETTI PIETRO , FRATI FRANCESCO , AFZELIUS BJÖRN A. , MAMAEV BORIS M. 
Published: July 2005

Spermatozoa from seven gall‐midge species, representing the supertribes Lasiopteridi and Stomatosematidi, have been examined by electron microscopy and compared to the spermatozoa of 30 previously examined gall‐midge species of the subfamily Cecidomyiinae. Derived characteristics of all examined representatives of this subfamily are the lack of acrosome and the absence of accessory tubules in their axoneme. The sperm axoneme of Didactylomyia has a unique ‘9 + 5 pattern’, i.e. with 9 outer doublets and 5 inner singlet microtubules. Unlike other members of Cecidomyiinae, Didactylomyia has retained some plesiomorphic traits, namely crystal containing mitochondria and a homogeneously condensed nucleus. Stomatosema has a 10 + 0 axoneme and an irregular nuclear condensation. Thus, Didactylomyia may serve as an useful outgroup for phylogenetic analysis within the subfamily Cecidomyiinae. The supertribe Stomatosematidi is a paraphyletic assemblage. Nearly all members of Lasiopteridi, Ozirhincus, Arnoldiola, Brachineura and Ledomyia, have a synapomorphic character in the great number of microtubules in parallel to the axoneme. A notable exception is Rhizomyia, which shares certain apomorphic traits with several genera that have previously been classified within the Cecidomyiidi, i.e. Contarinia, Allocontarinia, Lestodiplosis and Myricomyia. Moreover, these genera have a flat sperm tail and microtubular doublets located close to the cell membrane, both characteristics that differ markedly from the very peculiar sperm tail found in other members of Cecidomyiidi.Cladistic analysis of sperm characters suggests that the supertribe Cecidomyiidi is a polyphyletic taxon and supports the existence of a sister‐group relationship between the supertribe Lasiopteridi and the genera Rhizomyia, Contarinia, Allocontarinia, Lestodiplosis and Myricomyia.
Morphology and biology of Polysaccus japonicus (Crustacea, Rhizocephala, Akentrogonida, Polysaccidae, fam. n.), a parasite of the ghost‐shrimp Callianassa japonica
Authors: LÜTZEN JØRGEN , TAKAHASHI TOHRU 
Published: July 2005

The morphology and biology of Polysaccus japonicus Høeg & Lützen, 1993 is described. Nearly all infected hosts are adults, the females of which become castrated. Each bears 4–50 (female) externae on the underside of the abdomen. The externae are interconnected via a root system within the host's perineural blood sinus. The externae pass through three moults. Cypris larvae inject spermatogonia into the immature externa's mantle cavity, which is where spermiogenesis occurs later. Multiplication of the male cells is probably supported by secretion from paired mantle cavity glands, presumably homologous to the receptacles of kentrogonid rhizocephalans. Late during the 2nd intermoult the visceral mass ruptures to release the ova into the mantle cavity where they become fertilized. The third moult results in opening of the mantle aperture which initiates a period of vigorous peristalsis of the muscular mantle. Following emission of the cypris larvae the externae perish leaving distinct scars. The root system always contains buds of various sizes and stage of development. When the scarred host moults, the most advanced buds emerge to give rise to a new generation of externae. This is thought to be repeated for the rest of the host's life.The antennule of the cyprid has a relatively very long and slender 3rd segment, a unique construction among Akentrogonida. Because of this and the presence of special mantle cavity glands, a new family, Polysaccidae, is erected, which in some characters is intermediate between the Kentrogonida and the Akentrogonida.
Towards a revision of Ameira Boeck, 1865 (Harpacticoida, Ameiridae): re‐examination of the A. tenella‐group and the establishment of Filexilia gen. n. and Glabrameira gen. n.
Authors: CONROY‐DALTON SOPHIE , HUYS RONY 
Published: July 2005

A new genus Filexilia, is established to accommodate the A. renella‐group of Ameira Boeck. 1865 (Harpacticoida, Ameiridae), comprising A. attenuata Thompson, 1893; A. renella Sars, 1907; A. longicaudara Nicholls, 1939; A. brevipes Kunz, 1954; A. pestae Petkovski, 1955; A. longifurca Bodin, 1964; A. gravellicola Guille & Soyer, 1966; A. intermedia Galhano, 1970; A. hrevipes pesrat Petkovski. 1955 sensu Marinov (1971); A. brevipes Kunz, 1954 sensu Apostolov (1977); and A. renella Sars, 1907 sensu Kunz (1983). Ameira longicaudara Nicholls, 1939, a permanently invalid name as a primary homonym of A. longicaudara T. Scott, 1892 (now type‐species of Srenocopia Sars, 1907), is replaced by Filexilia triserosa nom. n. and designated as the type‐species. As a result of re‐examination of the type material, A. arrenuara is reinstated from its status of species incerrae sedis in Ameira (Lang. 1948) as Filexilia arrenuara (Thompson, 1893) comb. n., and A. renella Sars, 1907 is relegated to a junior synonym of the latter. Ameira renella Sars, 1907 sensu Kunz (1983) is regarded as a distinct species F. azorica sp. n. Ameira longifurca, previously considered a probable synonym of A. rcnellu by Moore (1976). is confirmed as a valid species F. longifurca (Bodin, 1964) comb. n. Ameira pestue, relegated to a subspecies or forma of A. bresipes (Lang, 1965). is reinstated at the species level. Ameira hresipes pesrae Petkovski, 1955 sensu Marinov (1971) is sufficiently distinct from the latter to warrant the erection of a new species F. marinovi sp. n. Ameira hrevipes Kunz, 1954 sensu Apostolov (1977) is regarded as species inquirenda in Filexilia whereas A. hrevipes f. pontica Apostolov, 1969 is rejected.Updated descriptions are given for both sexes of F. triserosa, F. attenuata and F. lonqifurca. Keys to the species of Filexilia and Sicameira Klie, 1950 are presented and the phylogenetic relationships of both genera are discussed. Ameira bengalensis Rao & Ganapati, 1969 is transferred as the type‐species of Glabrameira gen.
Novocriniidae, a new family of harpacticoid copepods from anchihaline caves in Belize
Authors: HUYS RONY , ILIFFE THOMAS M. 
Published: July 2005

Huys, R. & Iliffe, T. M. 1998. Novocriniidae, a new family of harpacticoid copepods from anchihaline caves in Belize.A new family of fusiform, semi‐planktonic harpacticoid copepods is described from two anchihaline caves, Caye Chapel Cave and Columbus Caye Blue Hole, on the Belize Barrier Reef. The Novocriniidae fam. n. is proposed to accommodate Novocrinia trifida gen. et sp. n. and is placed in the tisbidimorph complex of families (Tisboidea) by virtue of its maxilliped morphology. The new genus shares several characters with other tisbidimorph families but cannot be placed in any of them without an unnatural extension of their diagnoses. The Novocriniidae display a suite of plesiomorphic character states in most appendages from the antennules to the PS, indicating their basal position on the tisbidimorph phylogenetic tree. They exhibit a unique sexually dimorphic modification of the antennae, involving the transformation of two setal elements into filamentous sensory tufts. The unusual presence of supernumerary elements on the male PS baseoendopod is briefly discussed as well as the presence of a genuine but incipient oral cone derived from the labrum and medially fused paragnaths.
Cladistic analysis and classification of Prionospio and related general (Polychaeta, Spionidae)
Authors: SIGVALDADÓTTIR ELÍN 
Published: July 2005

The phylogenetic relationships of Prionospio Malnigren, 1867 are estimated in two parsimony analyses. The first analysis includes type and other species of Prionospio (Prionospio) Malmgren. 1867. P. (Mitiuspio) Foster, 1971, P. (Aqiriluspio) Foster, 1971, Apopriotiospio Foster, 1969, Aitrospio Maciolek. 1981, Paraprionospio Caullery, 19 14. Streblospio Webster, 1897, Laubieriellus Maciolek, 1981, and Orthoprionospio Blake & Kudenov, 1978; all members of a group of closely related taxa. Prionospio banyulensis Laubier, 1966 is included as a separate taxon since its relationship to Priotiospio has been questioned. The single most parsimonious tree supports monophyly of a group containing P. (Prionospio), P. (Minuspio), P. (Aqirilaspio), and Apopriotiospio.Based on the tree topology from the first analysis, 14 species belonging to different subgenera of Priotiospio and Apopriotiospio are included in a more restricted analysis, with Orthoprionospio cirrformia Blake & Kudenov, 1978 as outgroup. Three equally parsimonious trees were obtained, differing only in the positions of Prionospio ehlersi Fauvel, 1928, Prionospio henriki Hylleberg & Nateewathana, 1990, and Prionospio rugosa Sigvaldadóttir, 1997.The results of the two analyses are compared to earlier classifications. As support is lacking for monophyly of both subgenera P. (Minuspio) and P. (Aquilaspio), they are synonymized with P. (Prionospio). Apoprionospio cannot be justified as a separate genus without making Priotiospio paraphyletic, and is synonymized with Prionospio. Two species, P. banyulensis and P. pilkena Wilson, 1990, are transferred to Aurospio. A checklist of species belonging to Prionospio sesu lato, together with information on type locality and location of type specimens, is included.
Survey of Real‐Time Rendering Techniques for Crowds
Authors: Ryder G. , Day A. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractReal‐time rendering of photo‐realistic humans is considerably outside the scope of current consumer‐level computer hardware. There are many techniques, which attempt to bridge the gap between what is desired and what is possible. This paper aims to give an overview of the techniques designed to alter the complexity of the model's geometry (level of detail), or replace it with a flat image (visual impostor) and to improve the lighting model (lighting and shadows). Recent years have shown a boom in the power and availability of consumer‐level programmable graphics processors, thus techniques that make use of these features are coming to the forefront.
Visual Supercomputing: Technologies, Applications and Challenges
Authors: Brodlie Ken , Brooke John , Chen Min , Chisnall David , Fewings Ade , Hughes Chris , John Nigel W. , Jones Mark W. , Riding Mark , Roard Nicolas 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIf we were to have a Grid infrastructure for visualization, what technologies would be needed to build such an infrastructure, what kind of applications would benefit from it, and what challenges are we facing in order to accomplish this goal? In this survey paper, we make use of the term ‘visual supercomputing’ to encapsulate a subject domain concerning the infrastructural technology for visualization. We consider a broad range of scientific and technological advances in computer graphics and visualization, which are relevant to visual supercomputing. We identify the state‐of‐the‐art technologies that have prepared us for building such an infrastructure. We examine a collection of applications that would benefit enormously from such an infrastructure, and discuss their technical requirements. We propose a set of challenges that may guide our strategic efforts in the coming years.
Potsdamer Universalgeschichte. Sanssouci und das Chinesische Haus Friedrichs II
Authors: Wilhelm Karin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn the building of the Maison de plaisir "Sanssouci" and the surrounding park with its pavilions and mythological-dynastic program of figures, Friedrich II designed an idealized image of his view of the unfolding of world history that arose from his discussions with Voltaire. At various sites in the park, personal experiences have also been impressed like ciphers, as it were. These can be read unambiguously in the Temple of Friendship built for his sister Wilhelmine, and they become visible elsewhere, too, like in the Chinese Teahouse. The grounds in Potsdam are characterised by the young Prussian king's will to represent himself, and they mirror the facets of his secret emotions.
Das (nicht-)angenommene Erbe. Zur Debatte um die deutsch-jüdische Erinnerungskultur
Authors: Schoeps Julius H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis essay shows how Jewish identity in pre-1933 Germany defined itself and how the widely known concept of German-Jewish symbiosis came into question after the organized murder of the European Jews. The search for a German-Jewish legacy in postwar Germany as well as in the countries in which the Jewish émigrés found a new home will be explored. Moreover, the Eastern European cultural roots of Jews who migrated from Russia to Germany in the 1990s will also be discussed.
Correlation of Range of Motion and Glenohumeral Translation in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Borsa Paul A. , Wilk Kevin E. , Jacobson Jon A. , Scibek Jason S. , Dover Geoffrey C. , Reinold Michael M. , Andrews James R. 
Published: July 2005

Background Altered mobility patterns in the throwing shoulders of professional baseball pitchers have been reported. Most published reports examining glenohumeral laxity have not used an objective testing device. Objective Quantify and compare glenohumeral translation and rotational range of motion between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders in professional baseball pitchers. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Force-displacement and range of motion measures were performed bilaterally on 43 asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure glenohumeral translations under stressed and unstressed conditions. Results No significant difference in translation was found between the throwing and nonthrowing shoulders. For both shoulders, posterior translation (5.38 ± 2.7 mm) was significantly greater (P < .001) than was anterior translation (2.81 ± 1.6 mm). External rotation in the throwing shoulder was significantly greater than that in the nonthrowing shoulder (P < .001), whereas internal rotation in the throwing shoulder was significantly less than that in the nonthrowing shoulder (P < .001). The total arc of rotation for the throwing shoulder was not significantly different than that for the nonthrowing shoulder, and correlation coefficients were poor between rotational and translational range of motion in the throwing shoulder, ranging from r = 0.232 to 0.209 between variables. Conclusion No significant difference in glenohumeral translation exists between the throwing and nonthrowing shoulders in asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers, posterior translation is significantly greater than anterior translation in the throwing shoulders of professional baseball pitchers, and glenohumeral translation is not related to rotational range of motion in the throwing shoulders of professional baseball pitchers. Clinical Relevance Altered mobility patterns in asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers may be due to factors other than capsular adaptive changes.
Mechanical Properties of the Posterolateral Structures of the Knee
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Bollom Timothy S. , Wentorf Fred A. , Wills Nicholas J. , Meister Keith 
Published: July 2005

Background The individual biomechanical strength properties of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteofibular ligament, and popliteus tendon have not been well elucidated by previous studies. To define the necessary strength requirements for a posterolateral knee reconstruction, these properties for the main individual structures of the posterolateral knee need to be defined. Hypothesis The biomechanical failure properties of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteofibular ligament, and popliteus tendon can be determined by cadaveric testing. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Each structure was individually isolated in 8 fresh-frozen, nonpaired cadaveric knees and loaded to failure at more than 100%/s. Results The mean ultimate tensile strength of the fibular collateral ligament was 295 N, the popliteofibular ligament was 298 N, and the popliteus tendon was 700 N. The mean cross-sectional areas of these same structures at their midpoints were 11.9 mm2, 17.1 mm2, and 21.9 mm2, respectively. Although the stiffness of the fibular collateral ligament (33.5 N/m) was similar to that of the popliteofibular ligament (28.6 N/m), the popliteus tendon was significantly stiffer than both (83.7 N/m). Conclusion The popliteofibular ligament, fibular collateral ligament, and popliteus tendon can resist fairly large loads before failure. Knowledge of the strengths of the main native posterolateral knee stabilizers will assist with reconstructive graft choices for these structures.