bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground State and Symmetry Breaking of Schr¨odinger-poisson-slatter Equations
Authors: Dong Fangyuan , Wang Zhaoyang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We study the nonlocal Schr\"{o}dinger-Poisson-Slater type equation
$$-\Delta u+\omega u+\lambda(I_\alpha\star |u|^q)|u|^{q-2} u=|u|^{p-2}u, $$
where $u \in \dot{H^1}(\mathbb{R}^N) \cap L^p(\mathbb{R}^N), p>1, \omega \in \mathbb{R}, I_\alpha$ is the Riesz transform, and $q \geq 1$. Exploring the equation based on the sign of the real number $\omega$ reveals varied existence outcomes. We establish the existence of global minimizers for $\omega =1$ or $\omega = 0$, depending on the intervals where the generalized Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities hold for powers $p$ and $q$. Moreover, symmetry-breaking occurs within large balls, signifying the presence of both radial and non-radial minimizers for the equation in the ball. Additionally, we prove the existence of groundstates and provide a proof of their orbital stability.
Desert ants (Melophorus bagoti) learn from experience to improve waste dumping
Authors: Deeti Sudhakar , McLean Donald James , Cheng Ken 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The Central Australian red honey-pot ant Melophorus bagoti maintains non-cryptic ground-nesting colonies in the semi-desert habitat. An intriguing aspect of their behaviour is the management of waste, unwanted food, dead nestmates, and some other wastes, typically deposited at distances > 5 m from the nest entrance. In a largely observational study, we found a difference in the waste disposal tactics between naive and experienced ants. Naive individuals, lacking prior exposure to the outdoor environment around the nest, exhibit a less efficient dumping process, characterized by much scanning and meandering during waste disposal. In contrast, experienced ants dump waste with straighter paths and a notable absence of scanning behaviour. Furthermore, experienced dumpers deposit waste at a greater distance from the nest compared to their naive counterparts. These differences suggest that in red honey ants, learning supports waste disposal, with dumping being refined through experience. At the focal nest, curiously, no naive dumper took any learning walks before their first dumping trip, seeming to ‘learn on the job’ of their first trip away from the nest.
Dynamics of traveling wave solutions of conformable time-fractional ISLW and DJKM equations via a new expansion method
Authors: Kırcı Özlem , Koç Dilara Altan , Bulut Hasan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This work searches the new wave solutions of time-fractional ion sound and Langmuir waves (ISLWs) equation and time-fractional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa (DJKM) equation with the conformable derivative. The (m+1/G')-expansion method is employed for these models for the first time. Getting support from a symbolic software some new solutions are presented which will be constructive for studies in the field of nonlinear physical phenomena. The regarded method may provide a framework for the exact solutions of several evolution equations in applied science. Moreover, the graphical illustrations are also demonstrated to observe the dynamical behaviours of the solutions.
A first report of Pseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1817), an alien intermediate host for fascioliasis, in Malawi
Authors: Jones S. , Juhász A. , Makaula P. , Cunningham L. J. , Archer J. , Nkolokosa C. , Namacha G. , Kambewa E. , Lally D. , Kapira D. R. , Chammudzi P. , Kayuni S. A. , Musaya J. , Stothard J. Russell 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Starting in October 2021, quarterly malacological surveys have been undertaken in Malawi, sampling 12 specified freshwater habitats throughout a calendar year. Each survey monitors the presence of aquatic intermediate snail hosts of medical and veterinary importance; in March 2023, the alien lymnaeid species Pseudosuccinea columella was first encountered in Nsanje District. This species identity was later confirmed upon DNA analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal 16S sequences. In July 2023, P. columella was also noted at single sites within Mangochi and Chikwawa Districts, and again in Nsanje District, with an additional location observed. Of particular importance, our sampled location in Mangochi District was directly connected to Lake Malawi which expands the species list of invasive molluscs in this lake. Whilst P. columella is a well-known intermediate snail host for human and animal fascioliasis, screening collected snails for trematode cercariae, alongside molecular xenomonitoring, did not yield equivocal evidence of active fluke infection. However, the newly recognized presence of this alien intermediate snail host within Lake Malawi, and along the Shire River Valley, flags a new concern in altered local transmission potential for human and animal fascioliasis.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) to Sinhala language: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation study
Authors: Ranasinghe C. , Kariyawasam K. , Liyanage J. , Walpita Y. , Rajasinghe U. , Abayadeera A. , Chandrasinghe P. , Gunasekara M. , Kumarage S. , Silva M. , Ranathunga K. , Deen K. , Ismail H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) is a widely used tool to assess functional capacity among patients, but there is no Sri Lankan version validated for patients in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to cross culturally adapt and test validity and reliability of Sinhala version of DASI (DASI-SL).
Methods
The questionnaire was translated using forward and backward translation methods and cultural adaptation was conducted. It was pretested on ten preoperative patients and further modified. Construct validity and reliability of DASI-SL was assessed by administering the modified final DASI-SL on eighty-one patients who were awaiting non-cardiac surgeries at university surgical wards, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, and Colombo North Teaching Hospital Sri Lanka.
Results
The Cronbach's α coefficient for the internal consistency of DASI-SL was 0.861. The concurrent validity of DASI-SL was substantiated by positively correlating (p < 0.01, rs = 0.466) with the physical subscale of SF-36. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the total score of DASI-SL between two age groups.
Conclusions
The Sri Lankan version of the DASI appears to be a valid, reliable and easy to administer tool to assess functional capacity among patients who are awaiting non-cardiac surgeries.
Why do farmers wait so long before adopting fruit tree-based agroforestry technologies in Malawi? An application of hazard duration analysis
Authors: Mazungwi Batson , Njoloma Joyce , Khataza Robertson , Mwase Weston 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Fruit tree-based agroforestry has been widely promoted but its adoption is generally slow and low. We used a hazard duration analysis to determine factors that influence time until adoption of fruit tree-based agroforestry in Malawi. A Weibull-Gamma model mixture was fitted to account for the unobserved heterogeneity. The results show that households take 4 years, on average, to start adopting fruit tree-based agroforestry. Further, the results show that farmer’s education, club membership, participation in training programmes and provision of material incentives (tree germplasm) are likely to shorten waiting time until the adoption of fruit tree-based agroforestry. The findings imply that there is a need to promote programmes that organise farmers into purpose-driven groups, offer tailor-made agroforestry training and, where possible, provide incentives for quick adoption of fruit tree-based agroforestry.
The Double Burden of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and Normal Weight Central Obesity (NWCO) on Hypertension Risk: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: M Yogesh , Makwana Naresh , Patel Nirmalkumar Shaileshbhai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Normal weight obesity (NWO) and normal weight central obesity (NWCO) have emerged as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between the prevalence of these two conditions and hypertension risk has not been well studied, especially in Asian populations.
Methods
In this community-based cross-sectional study, we assessed body composition and blood pressure in 1000 adults aged > 20–65 years. NWO was defined as a normal body mass index (BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2) plus a high body fat percentage (> 20.6% in men, > 33.4% in women). NWCO was defined on the basis of a normal BMI plus high waist circumference (≥ 90 cm in men, ≥ 80 cm in women). Hypertension and prehypertension were defined as per the JNC 7 guidelines.
Results
The prevalence of NWO was 38%, affecting 228 of 600 normal-weight individuals. The prevalence of normal weight central obesity was 32% (192 of 600 participants with a normal BMI NWO and NWCO had drastically elevated hypertension odds of 3.2 (95% CI 2.1–4.7) and 3.5 (95% CI 2.3–5.2) times versus metabolically healthy normal weight people, respectively, independent of confounders). The odds for prehypertension were also greater for NWO (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.6) and NWCO (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–3.2).
Conclusion
A high proportion of normal-weight adults in this population have elevated cardiovascular risk based on excess body fat and abdominal adiposity. Assessing body composition would better identify at-risk individuals missed by BMI categorization alone. Reducing the double burden of NWO and NWCO may help lower the prevalence of hypertension in the population.
Genistein demonstrates superb binding ability against Mpro: A Monte Carlo approach for developing novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
Authors: Olugbogi Ezekiel Abiola , Kikiowo Babatomiwa , Lawler Destiny Nicola , Arietarhire Leviticus , Enya Joseph 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as the novel coronavirus or COVID-19, represents a highly contagious virus responsible for a global pandemic. Its suspected origin in bats led to its first identification in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets from infected individuals coughing or sneezing, the virus manifests symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Severe cases may escalate to pneumonia and respiratory failure. With a global death toll surpassing 6,937,771, the urgent quest for effective treatments continues. To address this critical need, our study systematically explores the computational screening of 52 flavonoids as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors, emphasizing minimal adverse effects compared to conventional anti-viral drugs, which often present associated complications.
Results Following the preparation of 58 ligands and the protein, a computational screening was conducted on flavonoids and standard drugs against the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (7KYU) utilizing the virtual screening workflow (VSW) within Maestro 12.8 Schrodinger suite. Notably, only XC4, the co-ligand, and genistein successfully passed the VSW assessment. The selected ligands underwent additional screening processes, including PASS prediction, DFT, and ADMET profiling. Genistein exhibited superior results in terms of biological activity, binding energy, and binding free energy. The bioactivity scores further underscored the suitability of genistein for various biological functions.
Conclusion The result of this study provide support for the refinement of genistein as a potential inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2. Consequently, we hold a favorable view of genistein.
TransCDR: a deep learning model for enhancing the generalizability of drug activity prediction through transfer learning and multimodal data fusion
Authors: Xia Xiaoqiong , Zhu Chaoyu , Zhong Fan , Liu Lei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Accurate and robust drug response prediction is of utmost importance in precision medicine. Although many models have been developed to utilize the representations of drugs and cancer cell lines for predicting cancer drug responses (CDR), their performances can be improved by addressing issues such as insufficient data modality, suboptimal fusion algorithms, and poor generalizability for novel drugs or cell lines. We introduce TransCDR, which uses transfer learning to learn drug representations and fuses multi-modality features of drugs and cell lines by a self-attention mechanism, to predict the IC50 values or sensitive states of drugs on cell lines. We are the first to systematically evaluate the generalization of the CDR prediction model to novel (i.e., never-before-seen) compound scaffolds and cell line clusters. TransCDR shows better generalizability than 8 state-of-the-art models. TransCDR outperforms its 5 variants that train drug encoders (i.e., RNN and AttentiveFP) from scratch under various scenarios. The most critical contributors among multiple drug notations and omics profiles are Extended Connectivity Fingerprint and genetic mutation. Additionally, the attention-based fusion module further enhances the predictive performance of TransCDR. TransCDR, trained on the GDSC dataset, demonstrates strong predictive performance on the external testing set CCLE. It is also utilized to predict missing CDRs on GDSC. Moreover, we investigate the biological mechanisms underlying drug response by classifying 7,675 patients from TCGA into drug-sensitive or drug-resistant groups, followed by a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. TransCDR emerges as a potent tool with significant potential in drug response prediction. The source code and data can be accessed at https://github.com/XiaoqiongXia/TransCDR.
How proximal ulnar shaft fracture could easily result in radial head dislocation? A critical value analysis for proximal ulnar fracture in Monteggia fracture
Authors: Huang Kuan-Yu , Chen Chun-Yu , Lin Kai-Cheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Monteggia fracture is defined as a combination of proximal ulnar fracture with radial head dislocation. Radial head dislocation may be misdiagnosed under elbow X-ray, leading to further complications. This study aimed to analyze the fracture pattern between extra-articular Monteggia fracture and an isolated proximal ulnar fracture to determine the difference in terms of how close the fracture site is to the coronoid and what type of fracture pattern is more likely to result in radial head dislocation.
Methods
This is a single-center, retrospective study. In 2014/01-2022/06, adult patients with fractures in the proximal to midshaft ulna were collected. Nonacute trauma, revision surgeries, and intra-articular ulnar fractures were excluded. All patients received elbow X-rays in AP and lateral views, and forearm X-rays. The fracture pattern and injury mechanism were recorded.
Results
We included 51 patients in this study. The mean patient age was 38.5 ± 16.1 years. 70.1% were men (n = 36). Extra-articular Monteggia fractures were classified according to the Bado classification into type I (n = 5), type II (n = 7), type III (n = 8), and type IV (n = 0). 63% were traffic accidents (n = 32). 45% were oblique type ulnar fractures(n = 23). Monteggia fracture and proximal ulnar fracture presented with mean ulnar fragment lengths of 6.12 ± 2.32 cm and 9.00 ± 3.00 cm (p < 0.01). As per the ROC, a proximal ulnar fragment length of 7.325 cm had the highest value for the AUC (0.807). Angulations of Monteggia fracture and ulnar fracture were 24.02 ± 12.10° and 10.77 ± 8.10° (p < 0.01). However, there were no differences in the length of the fracture line between two groups.
Conclusions
Fractures of the proximal ulna within 7.325 cm from the coronoid are more likely to cause an extra-articular Monteggia fracture than a pure proximal ulnar fracture. Otherwise, a Montelggia fracture is prone to more severe angulation.
Effect of simulation-based learning on student self-efficacy in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy education
Authors: Choi Ching Man 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Simulation-based learning is a common mode of learning in many healthcare programmes. There is a growing popularity of utilising simulation in physiotherapy education as it provides students with more and safer practising opportunities. Whilst there are promising results regarding simulation-based learning in physiotherapy, it is uncommon in local physiotherapy programmes especially cardiopulmonary physiotherapy course in Hong Kong and its effect on students is unknown.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simulation-based learning in student self-efficacy in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy.
Method
Third year physiotherapy students at Caritas Institute of Higher Education in Hong Kong attended a series of simulation-based practice sessions as one of the components of their cardiopulmonary physiotherapy course. They were then given survey to complete to rate about the experience and their self-efficacy after attending the session.
Result
Students found the simulation session including pre-briefing and debriefing was beneficial to their learning, self-efficacy and skill competency.
Conclusion
Students think simulation is beneficial to their learning and skills development. More research is needed to ensure the effectiveness of simulation-based learning in enhancing student self-efficacy.
Temporary Drainage Clamping After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Meta- Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lin Youbin , Zhu Xiaoying , He Shijie , Shen Jiquan , Zhou Changjian , Wang Bo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
This meta-analysis was performed to assess the outcomes of clamping the drainage tube in patients after THA.
Methods
We systematically searched the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid. Included patients were prepared for THA and separated into two groups: the intervention group (the drainage tube was clamped) and the control group (the drainage tube was not clamped). Studies that compared drainage volume, total blood loss, allogeneic blood transfusion, and adverse events were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.
Results
Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 223 patients (the intervention group = 110; the control group = 113) were finally included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis indicated that clamping the drainage tube after THA significantly decreased the drainage volume and total blood loss compare to the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of patients receiving allogeneic blood transfusion between the two groups (P = 0.10). Clamping the drainage tube did not increase the rate of adverse complications compare to the control group.
Conclusions
Clamping the drainage tube decreases the drainage volume and total blood loss with no increase in adverse complications after THA.
Beyond Limits: Charting New Horizons in Glioma Tumor Classification through Hybrid Quantum Computing with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Data
Authors: Akpinar Emine , Oduncuoglu Murat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gliomas, which are the most common malignant primary brain tumors, present significant challenges in terms of varying survival rates, treatment modalities, and prognostic processes between patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Accurate classification and grading of LGGs and HGGs are crucial for appropriate treatment planning and assessment of overall prognosis. The classification and grading of gliomas have undergone evolution over time, and the inclusion of molecular markers in the classification of glioma tumors by the WHO Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors Classification in 2016 and the incorporation of advanced molecular diagnostics in 2021 have improved glioma tumor characterization. However, the high cost and limited accessibility of molecular genetic tests, coupled with the time-consuming nature of obtaining results, can lead to delays in critical treatment decisions. To address these challenges, various classical artificial intelligence methods, such as machine learning and deep learning, have been applied to problems in this field, yielding a certain level of success. Nevertheless, the continuous expansion of medical data dimensions, the inherent noise level in the data, and the limitations of the classical vector space pose significant challenges that classical artificial intelligence methods struggle to overcome. Recent studies have demonstrated that the use of quantum computing and quantum artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare not only addresses these problems but also accelerates complex data analyses and processes large datasets more efficiently. This paper presents a novel hybrid quantum (or classical-quantum) computing model aimed at differentiating between LGGs and HGGs using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the classification of LGGs and HGGs using a hybrid classical-quantum framework within the TCGA dataset. In the classical part of the study, an ensemble feature selection method was used to identify the most important molecular markers and clinical features within the TCGA glioma dataset. In the quantum section, six variational quantum classifier (VQC) models with different hyperparameters are proposed. These classifiers are subsequently used to differentiate between LGGs and HGGs using the features obtained from the ensemble model. The computational results show that among the six VQC models, the VQC-1 model, which incorporates Rx and CX gates in the feature map and Ry, Rz and CY gates in the parameterized quantum circuit and utilizes the AQCD optimization method, achieves the highest classification accuracy of 0.74. This study provides a novel perspective on the classification of glioma tumors by combining classical and quantum computing methods.
The Evolution of Tumor Enucleation Partial Nephrectomy: A Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes for Sutureless Hemostatic Bandage as an Alternative to Standard Renorrhaphy
Authors: Rac Goran , Ellis Jeffrey L. , Lanzotti Nicholas J. , McCormick Mallory E. , Chen Victor , Felice Michael D. , Hartman Natalie , Janakiraman Sarang , Desai Shalin , Halgrimson Whitney , Patel Hiten D. , Gupta Gopal N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The standard approach to hemostasis during partial nephrectomy (PN) is to perform suture renorrhaphy (SR). Application of a hemostatic bandage (HB) is an alternative maneuver to minimize blood loss and devitalized renal parenchyma. We aim to evaluate perioperative outcomes of PN with tumor enucleation (TE) comparing SR to HB.
Methods
We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 195 patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic PN with TE performed by a single surgeon at a tertiary referral center (2012–2022). Hemostasis of the enucleation bed was obtained with SR in 54 patients while 141 patients underwent application of HB consisting of Surgicel®, Gelfoam® soaked in thrombin, and Floseal®. Patient factors, tumor characteristics, and perioperative outcomes were compared using Student’s t-tests and chi-squared tests. Temporal trends were evaluated using Spearman coefficients.
Results
Over time, there was a significant decrease in utilization of SR in favor of HB (p < 0.001). SR patients had tumors of greater complexity by RENAL nephrometry score compared to HB patients (p < 0.001). Operative time (141 vs 183 min, p < 0.001), warm ischemia time (11.6 vs 24.2 min, p < 0.001), estimated blood loss (37 vs 214 mL, p < 0.001), and length of stay (1.2 vs 1.8 days, p < 0.001) favored the HB group. There was no significant difference in major Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications (p = 0.22). Renal function was comparable with mean estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease of 0.66 and 0.54 mL/min/1.73m2 at 3-months postoperatively for HB and SR, respectively (p = 0.93).
Conclusions
Application of a HB is a safe alternative to SR for hemostasis following PN with TE in appropriately selected patients.