bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A syndrome of multiple congenital malformations including amelia and oligodactyly occurring in half‐cousins
Authors: Lazjuk G. I. , Lurie I. W. , Cherstvoy E. D. , Ussova Yu. I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo half‐cousins with a complex of malformations including unilateral lower amelia and oligosyndactyly of the hands are described. The differential diagnosis of the syndrome is presented. It is possible that it is inherited as an autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance.
Effects of trypan blue on the development of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor
Authors: Mathur Jagdish K. , Goel Suresh C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe eggs of Calotes versicolor were exposed to different concentrations of trypan blue around the time of appearance of limb buds. The treatment resulted in malformations of limbs, hemorrhages in various locations, microphthalmia, kinky tail, and retarded development and growth of the contained embryos. The proportion of affected embryos varied significantly from clutch to clutch, perhaps due to genetic variation. All treated embryos, including those apparently unaffected, had trypan blue in the blood circulation, but not in the amniotic cavity or extraembryonic celom. Trypan blue was seen in kidney, liver, and other organs in decreasing order of frequency and concentration. On histological examination a change in the mitotic and necrotic frequency of the cells was noticed as one of the early events. The initial necrosis was close to blood vessels. The protective role of yolk sac in trypan blue‐induced teratogenesis is discussed and contrary to the widely held view it is concluded that the yolk sac appears to play no such significant role in Calotes. It is suggested that trypan blue directly affects Calotes embryos, perhaps by altering cell permeability.
Effects of cytosine arabinoside, 6‐aminonicotinamide, and 6‐mercaptopurine riboside on ectoderm and mesoderm of mouse limb buds
Authors: Krowke R. , Berg P. , Merker H.‐J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of cytosine arabinoside, 6‐aminonicotinamide, and 6‐mercaptopurine riboside on the incorporation of [14C]glucose moieties and [32P]phosphate into acid‐soluble material and lipids, RNA, DNA, and protein were measured in the dissected mesoderm and ectoderm of mouse limb buds at the 42–45 (day 11) somite stage. Due to the different proliferative capacities of the two tissues the incorporation of the precursors into mesodermal cells was considerably higher than into ectodermal ones. Cytosine arabinoside inhibited the incorporation of the precursor moieties only into DNA, but very early after its application. This effect was more obvious in mesoderm than ectoderm. 6‐Aminonicotinamide interfered only with glucose metabolism, whereas the incorporation of phosphate was not affected. 14C radioactivity in the various cell components was similarly reduced in mesoderm and ectoderm. 6‐mercaptopurine riboside caused an increased incorporation of precursor material in all fractions studied in the mesoderm as well as in the ectoderm during the first 12 hours. This was succeeded by a dramatic decrease of incorporated 14C and 32P radioactivity. Differences of response in the tissues could not be detected with this drug. It is suggested that the malformations of the extremities caused by these antimetabolites may be predominantly attributed to changes in the cell function rather than to gross effects on cell metabolism.
Commercial dietary influences on the frequency of cortisone‐induced cleft palate in C57B1/6J mice
Authors: Miller K. K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChanges in standard laboratory diet were found to affect appreciably the cortisone‐induced CP frequencies in the offspring of C57B1/6J mice. Fetuses from females maintained on Purina Mouse Chow consistently showed much higher CP frequencies than fetuses from females maintained on Wayne Lab‐Blox.
6‐Aminonicotinamide‐induced cleft palate in the mouse: The nature of the difference between the A/J and C57BL/6J strains in frequency of response and its genetic basis
Authors: Biddle F. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCleft palate induction by 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) was examined in the A/J and C57BL/6J strains of mice to determine the nature of the strain difference in frequency of cleft‐palate response. Probit analysis of the cleft‐palate response to dose of different genotypes revealed a family of linear and parallel dose‐response curves. The genotypes differ only in dosage tolerance (log ED50) to 6‐AN that is required for the cleft‐palate response. No evidence for a maternal cytoplasmic effect on 6‐AN‐induced cleft palate was found under the conditions of the present study. When the difference in dosage tolerance to 6‐AN between A/J and C57BL/6J was examined with a single dose and measured by differences in frequency of induced cleft palate on a probit scale, there was some departure from genetic additivity. There was an indication of dominance deviation of the F1 embryos in the direction of C57BL/6J. A 3‐locus, epistatic model is proposed to account for the difference in embryonic tolerance to 6‐AN‐induced cleft palate. There was a suggestion of association with the brown (b) locus.
Alpha‐fetoprotein values in monkey (Macaca mulatta) pregnancy
Authors: Ehrenkranz Richard A. , Chez Ronald A. , Princler Gerald L. , McIntire K. Robert , Waldmann Thomas A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe pregnant rhesus monkey's (Macaca mulatta) potential as a model for understanding the dynamics of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) metabolism in human pregnancy was evaluated. AFP levels in maternal and fetal serum and amniotic fluid were determined by radioimmunoassay. Significant correlations were found between decreasing maternal serum, fetal serum and amniotic fluid AFP concentrations and increasing gestational age. However, these data are not consistent with the AFP changes reported in human pregnancy. It appears that this animal has limited applicability as a model in this aspect of human pregnancy.
Sex, side, and severity in spontaneous malformations of fetal A/JKt mice, and their associations with each other and with fetal weight
Authors: Kalter Harold 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCleft lip and palate (CLP) and open eyelid (OL) occur spontaneously in rather high frequencies in A/JKt mice, but vary greatly in their degree, laterality, and sex distribution. CLP occurs significantly more often in females, and OL even more often in males, than in the opposite sex. The female preponderance for CLP was largely if not entirely due to the increased rate of occurrence of left and incomplete forms of the defect, and to the excess in females heavier than the female median weight; whereas the male preponderance for OL could not be explained by any clear or major disparities of these sorts. CLP and OL occurred together more often than expected in individuals, but not in litters. There was no relation between the rate of defects in successive litters of the same female; nor was a relation detected between extent and severity of defect.
The challenges of teratology
Authors: Smithells Richard W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTeratology has its origins in the descriptive anatomy of malformed humans. Although the term now has much wider connotations, the first challenge of teratology is to recognise its purpose as a science related to a human problem. The wider connotations inevitably mean the involvement of increasing numbers of disciplines, each with its own language and limitations, but each with a unique contribution to make. The second challenge of teratology is therefore to establish and expand communications between these disciplines. The third challenge is teratogenesis, which requires a rather more profound consideration of the nature of causation than a simple cause‐and‐effect relationship. At the same time as looking back from consequences to causes, we must look forward from the causes to alternative consquences. The affinity of teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis constitutes the fourth challenge. The fifth challenge brings us back to humans, and lies in the relationships between scientists working within the field of teratology, and industry, the law, the media, and the public at large.
A metabolite of a structural analog of thalidomide lacks teratogenic effect in pregnant rhesus monkeys
Authors: Scott W. J. , Wilson J. G. , Helm F.‐Ch 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA metabolite of CG 3033, a structural analog of thalidomide, was examined for teratogenic potential in rhesus monkeys. The metabolite EM 240 is produced in man by hydrolysis of the parent compound but the pathway is absent in nonhuman primates.Fifteen mg/kg administered orally throughout organogenesis to pregnant rhesus monkeys produced no evidence of embryotoxicity, including malformation.
Congenital malformations in Utah
Authors: Seegmiller Robert E. , Hansen Wilford N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe rate of malformed children in Utah of 11.7 per 1,000 live births, derived from 128,857 birth certificates, was not high compared with other non‐Utah studies. Rates of selected malformations also were not high. The rate of malformed children varied by county of residence. San Juan County reported the highest percentage of mothers receiving late or infrequent prenatal care, the lowest mean level of public education, and the highest rate of malformed children in the state. The rate was not significantly associated with the large population of Indians residing in that county since by controlling for residence, the variation by race was eliminated. The overall rate was positively associated with maternal age primarily due to an increased frequency of Down's syndrome. The impact of the “maternal age effect” on the state malformation rate, however, was not large. By controlling for maternal age, the slight association between increased rate of malformed children and increasing birth order was eliminated. The rate of malformed children was higher for parents having a low level of education, infrequent prenatal care, or who were not married. There was also a strong negative association of birth weight with the rate of malformation. Analysis of rates of selected malformations suggested that the low birth weight was a sequela to intrauterine growth retardation caused by severe congenital malformation. The validity and etiologic implications of these results await further investigation.
Teratogenic effects of cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone treatment during the pre‐ and postimplantation period of mouse embryos. II. Cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment before implantation in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Eibs H.‐G. , Spielmann H. , Jacob‐Müller U. , Klose J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe study was performed to investigate direct embryotoxic effects of maternal progestin treatment during the preimplantation period. In the first experiment pregnant mice received a single subcutaneous injection of either Cyproterone acetate (CA) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on day 2 of pregnancy (5–600 mg/kg). In a second experiment four‐cell embryos were exposed to CA or MPA in vitro (3 or 30 μg/ml medium). Our results revealed: (1) After maternal treatment the number of live embryos was reduced after the highest CA dose. Development into blastocysts was inhibited in a dose‐related manner after CA but not after MPA. The number of cells in morulae, blastocysts, and of the inner cell mass (ICM) of late blastocysts was not affected. (2) When morulae and blastocysts were cultured in vitro after maternal treatment, hatching, attachment, and trophoblast outgrowth were inhibited after high doses, but development and differentiation of the ICM were inhibited even after low doses. (3) Application of 30 μg/ml of CA or MPA in vitro was directly embryolethal. Three μg/ml did not affect development into blastocysts, but ICM development and differentiation were again inhibited during subsequent culture in hormone‐free medium. (4) Qualitative protein synthesis was altered in morulae and blastocysts 24 hours after maternal CA treatment. According to our results high doses of progestins are embryotoxic before implantation, low doses have delayed effects on embryonic development that are particularly evident after implantation in vitro.
Backcross test demonstrates the linkage of glucocorticoid‐induced cleft palate susceptibility to H‐2
Authors: Bonner Joseph J. , Tyan Marvin L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractData in this report demonstrate a linkage between glucocorticoid‐induced cleft palate susceptibility and H‐2. B10.A × C57BL/10F1 females were backcrossed to C57BL/10 males. Cleft palate was induced in the BC1 fetuses by giving pregnant females 80 mg/kg of dexamethasone intraperitoneally (IP) on day 12 of gestation. The H‐2a/b haplotype was detected on day 18 BC1 fetal spleen cells with an indirect immunofluorescent labeling technique. Fetuses without antigen H‐2Kk were H‐2b/b. H‐2a/b fetuses had a cleft palate frequency of 29%; 11% of the H‐2b/b fetuses had cleft palate (P < .01), demonstrating that the higher suceptibility to cleft palate segregates with the H‐2a haplotype.
Histopathological and hemodynamic studies supporting hypoxia and vascular disruption as explanation to phenytoin teratogenicity
Authors: Danielson M. K. , Danielsson B. R. G. , Marchner H. , Lundin M. , Rundqvist E. , Reiland S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe limb plates and craniofacial regions in rabbit fetuses were examined shortly after the last dose of phenytoin on day 16 after daily administration by gavage with either 150 mg/kg on days 14–16 or 300 mg/kg on days 15–16. Both treatment regimens resulted in similar changes. Histologically, the digital areas of the limb plates showed extensive edema and dilated blood vessels within 2 h. After 8 h, vascular disruption occurred with hemorrhages. At 24–48 h after dosing, mesenchymal necrosis and, on some occasions, amputation of digits was observed. In the craniofacial region, well‐defined superficial hemorrhage was seen in the frontal and nasal region at 8 h. Histologically, subectodermal hemorrhage caused by vascular disruption and microfocal mesenchymal necrosis was observed. At 48 h, some fetuses showed severe diffuse intracranial and superficial hemorrhage, resulting in massive tissue damage, also in the central nervous system (CNS). Maternal heart rate, blood pressure, PO2, and PCO2 were also measured in awake pregnant rabbits 6 h after the last dose on day 16 after daily administration with 150 mg/kg during gestational days 14–16. An attempt was also made to measure fetal heart rate in anesthetized rabbits. The maternal heart rate and blood pressure decreased with about 15% in phenytoin‐treated animals, resulting in a decrease in PO2 (∼15%) and an increase in PCO2 (∼15%). A decrease in fetal heart rate was also registered. The results thus indicate that phenytoin exerts its teratogenic effects by inducing fetal hypoxia, leading to vascular disrupture and necrosis of existing and developingstructures. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accumulation of elements in annual tree rings measured by synchrotron x‐ray fluorescence analysis
Authors: Vives A. E. S. , Silva R. M. C. , Medeiros J. G. da S. , Tomazello Filho M. , Barroso R. C. , Zucchi O. L. A. D , Moreira S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWood samples of hardwood (Eucalyptus sp.) and softwood (Pinus sp.) showing typical anatomical features treated with CCA (copper–chromium–arsenic) were analyzed. The distribution and quantification of metals in the sapwood/heartwood (Eucalyptus sp.) and in the growth‐rings (Pinus sp.) were obtained. The samples were scanned in 320 µm steps in the vertical direction. An x‐ray beam of ∼320 × 180 µm was used. For excitation of the elements white beam synchrotron radiation was employed and for x‐ray detection an Si(Li) semiconductor detector. The x‐ray fluorescence intensities for the elements K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn and As were measured. Heterogeneous distribution of the elements was verified across growth‐rings indicating irregular efficiency of the preservative distribution inside wood in the softwood samples. As expected, in eucalyptus the presence of the elements Cr, Cu and As was verified in the sapwood region only. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A resurgence in reproductive behavior in a previously inactive male orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelii)
Authors: O'Donoghue E. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA male orangutan, who had sired one offspring in 1973, displayed no sexual activity over a period of years despite the continuing presence of his mate. Reproductive behavior recurred after (1) relocation to a new environment, (2) an apparent reduction in obesity, and (3) the introduction of a novel female conspecific.
Intraspecific aggression results in death of a collared peccary
Authors: Lochmiller Robert L. , Grant W. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn adult male collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu) caught from the wild was released into an outdoor enclosure containing 12 other wild adult peccaries. The introduced male died of severe infection as a result of scrotal wounds inflicted by resident peccaries.
Notes on water‐contact by a captive male lowland gorilla
Authors: Brown Susan G. , Dunlap William P. , Maple Terry L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGreat apes in captivity and in the wild exhibit varying propensities to enter and use water. Although some captive apes have drowned in deep water, others have been inclined to play and to “bathe” in shallow water. In the present study of two gorillas, an adult male's water contact was apparently influenced by humidity, but not by zoo attendance or ambient temperature. Most water contact was restricted to the morning hours; water entry during the afternoon was infrequent. Both animals sought shelter during rain. Considering the frequent use of the streams and moat by one of the two gorillas studied, water may be regarded as a type of environmental enrichment.
Birds on novel island environments. A case study with the urban avifauna of Tenerife (Canary Islands)
Authors: Palomino David , Carrascal Luis M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe analyzed the variation in island bird communities of urban environments related to habitat characteristics, using regression/classification tree analyses. Data from field censuses in cities/towns representing the urban heterogeneity of the whole island were obtained in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Urban bird abundance in Tenerife was negatively affected by altitude and the cover of dry Euphorbia shrubs and positively influenced by the height and cover of the tree layer. Species richness was negatively associated with building cover and positively related to tree height and altitude. Data from field censuses in Tenerife were compared with that of similar urban environments in the mainland (Madrid Province, central Spain). Species diversity was higher in the urban sample of Tenerife than in that of Madrid and the proportion of bird species from the regional pool ‘captured’ by urban environments was higher in the island than in the mainland. Nine native species and three alien species were more abundant in island urban environments than in the continent (densities, at least, 100% higher), the converse occurring for only five species. At a biogeographic scale, we conclude that the avifauna of Tenerife Island is more prone to occupy a new artificial environment than the mainland bird fauna of central Spain.
Relations between Superconductors and Ferromagnets
Authors: Matthias Bernd 
Published: June 2005

Ferromagnetic interactions of the rare earth elements in dilute solutions or in compounds with non-magnetic elements have been discovered and will be described. The Curie points are essentially proportional to the spin while the saturation moment follows the value for the effective moment. This ferromagneticinteraction, known to take place via the conduction electrons, follows criteria resembling closely those for the occurrence of superconductivity.
It is shown that by suitable combination of similar superconductors and ferromagnets both phenomena can happen simultaneously in the same crystal.
On the Laws of Magnetization of Ferromagnetic Single Crystals and Polycrystals. Application to Uniaxial Compounds
Authors: Néel L. , Pauthenet R. , Rimet G. , Giron V. S. 
Published: June 2005

One of the authors (L.N.) describes the mechanism of magnetization of a ferromagnetic single crystal:the elementary domains can be classified in several groups, called “phases” each having a certain direction of the spontaneous magnetization. The variation of the total magnetization takes place in various “modes,”corresponding to the number of coexisting phases in a given field. The calculation of the magnetization curve in these various modes explains the experimental results for single crystals of iron, pyrrhotine and magnetoplumbite.
The results of measurements at room temperature on this latter compound, 6Fe2O3-PbO, are treated in greater detail. The crystal is uniaxial; for different angles of the external field with the c axis, the magnetization first increases proportionally to the field, followed by a gradual approach to saturation (except for the angles 0 and 90°). The anisotropy constant K1 is first determined (K2 is negligible). The two parts of the curve can be interpreted by two “modes,” with respectively, two and one “phases.”
The variation of the magnetization of polycrystalline 6Fe2O3-BaO samples can be explained by the rotation mechanism only; the crystallites are too small in size to be divided into phases. The experimental curves can be explained by taking into account the interactions between crystallites in calculating the law of approach to saturation.
Harmonic Generation in a Ferrimagnetic Disk
Authors: Bennett Glenn E. 
Published: June 2005

A small ferrimagnetic ellipsoid biased to resonance with an arbitrarily directed dc magnetic field will,in general, produce second harmonic components of the magnetization vector in both longitudinal and transverse planes—defined relative to the internal dc field. For an ellipsoid of revolution this paper reports the theoretical dependence upon the direction of magnetization of these and higher harmonic components.
S-band doubling experiments performed on a thin polycrystalline YIG disk mounted in rectangular waveguide confirm the theoretical dependence of the two doubling processes and the expected linear dependence of conversion efficiency on input power. Transverse third and fourth harmonics which were respectively cubic and quartic functions of the input power have also been detected.
Operation of Magnetic Film Parametrons in the 100- to 500-Mc Regions
Authors: Pohm A. V. , Read A. A. , Stewart R. M. , Schauer R. F. 
Published: June 2005

An analysis of the behavior of thin magnetic films of Permalloy when used as time variable inductors has been made in terms of a modified Landau-Lifshitz equation. These results show that parametrons using time variable magnetic film inductors can be made to operate at reasonable power levels with large grains per cycle at oscillating frequencies in the 100- to 500-Mc region.
A way of fabricating magnetic film parametrons with strip line techniques is shown. Calculations indicate that units with dissipations in the 10 mw range are feasible with existing techniques for operation in the 100- to 500-Mc region.
Ways of advantageously using capacitive coupling between parametron units is indicated in which the two new subharmonic states of a magnetic film parametron created by a bias reversel are used.