bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel on high voltage conversion ratio DC‐DC converter for EV‐fed fuel cell application with hybrid MPPT controller
Authors: Eswaraiah Bongani , Balakrishna Kethineni 
Published: November 2023

SummaryAs of now, nonrenewable energy sources are not used for automotive industrial applications because their disadvantages are high installation costs, more maintenance costs, and less adaptability all over the places in the world. Also, these sources produce highly flammable gasses in the environment. So, in this work, a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Stack (PEMFS) is used as an input source for the proposed system. The PEMFS generated voltage value is very low which is improved by integrating the proposed Single Switch High Voltage Conversion Ratio (SSHVCR) DC‐DC converter. The properties of this SSHVCR converter are less component utilization for reducing the ripple ratio, more flexibility, less voltage stress, and high voltage conversion ratio. In the second objective, a Differential Step‐Grey Wolf Optimization (DSGWO) with Adaptive Fuzzy Logic (AFL) controller is used for generating switching pulses to the DC‐DC converter. The merits of DSGWO‐AFL controller are quick dynamic response, moderate design complexity, good adaptability, and needed few number iterations for identifying the MPP of PEMFS. The overall proposed system is studied by applying the MATLAB/Simulink tool at rapid changes in the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack.
Research and implementation of an innovative modular non‐isolated step‐down DC‐DC structure with continuous input current based on the Ćuk converter
Authors: Ghabeli Sani Sajad , Banaei Mohamad Reza , Hosseini Seyed Hossein 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis study proposes a new design for a non‐isolated buck converter with continuous input current. As required, the integration of additional modules into the existing structure permits a significant decrease in the converter's gain to attain significantly lower values. In order to create the proposed converter, the input voltage connections to the Ćuk converter were changed. In this configuration, the operational state of the Ćuk converter has been changed from buck‐boost to step‐down by connecting the input power source's negative polarity to the inductor's terminal. In addition, the proposed converter benefits from a common ground between the input source and output port. Moreover, it can achieve a significant reduction in gain by increasing the number of series modules. Finally, the compact converter was smoothly incorporated onto a printed circuit board (PCB) and afterward validated by an output power of 80 watts.
Distortions to the passage of time during chronic pain: A mixed method study
Authors: Ogden Ruth , Moore David , Piovesan Andrea , Poole Helen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundA core aspect of the clinical assessment of pain is establishing how long pain has been present for. The reported length of pain can therefore influence diagnosis and treatment. Despite this, little is known about how chronic pain affects the passage of time.MethodsA mixed‐methods cross‐sectional study examined experiences of the passage of time in people identifying as living with chronic pain (n = 398).ResultsExperiencing chronic pain slows the passage of time for most people. Greater pain intensity, rumination about pain, helplessness and identifying as disabled were associated with a greater slowing of the passage of time. Thematic analysis of responses to open‐ended questions suggested that a slowing of time during pain was associated with (1) pain intrusion preventing activities which would otherwise enable time to pass quickly, (2) increased attention to time and (3) as sense that in retrospect, time throughout life was ‘lost’ to chronic pain.ConclusionChronic pain causes widespread distortion to the passage of time. The slowing of time during pain means that periods of pain feel subjectively longer than periods without, exacerbating patient distress.SignificanceThis study examined how chronic pain impacts on the experience of time. Chronic pain substantially slowed the passage of time for most people, subjectively lengthening the period of time that pain lasted for, exacerbating distress. Given the importance of time processing in clinical assessments of pain, medication adherence and therapeutic interventions, these findings underscore the importance of raising awareness about altered temporal processing in patients and clinicians.
Expert accuracy and inter‐rater agreement of “must‐know” EEG findings for adult and child neurology residents
Authors: Nascimento Fábio A. , Katyal Roohi , Olandoski Marcia , Gao Hong , Yap Samantha , Matthews Rebecca , Rampp Stefan , Tatum William , Strowd Roy , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe published a list of “must‐know” routine EEG (rEEG) findings for trainees based on expert opinion. Here, we studied the accuracy and inter‐rater agreement (IRA) of these “must‐know” rEEG findings among international experts.MethodsA previously validated online rEEG examination was disseminated to EEG experts. It consisted of a survey and 30 multiple‐choice questions predicated on the previously published “must‐know” rEEG findings divided into four domains: normal, abnormal, normal variants, and artifacts. Questions contained de‐identified 10–20‐s epochs of EEG that were considered unequivocal examples by five EEG experts.ResultsThe examination was completed by 258 international EEG experts. Overall mean accuracy and IRA (AC1) were 81% and substantial (0.632), respectively. The domain‐specific mean accuracies and IRA were: 76%, moderate (0.558) (normal); 78%, moderate (0.575) (abnormal); 85%, substantial (0.678) (normal variants); 85%, substantial (0.740) (artifacts). Academic experts had a higher accuracy than private practice experts (82% vs. 77%; p = .035). Country‐specific overall mean accuracies and IRA were: 92%, almost perfect (0.836) (U.S.); 86%, substantial (0.762) (Brazil); 79%, substantial (0.646) (Italy); and 72%, moderate (0.496) (India). In conclusion, collective expert accuracy and IRA of “must‐know” rEEG findings are suboptimal and heterogeneous.SignificanceWe recommend the development and implementation of pragmatic, accessible, country‐specific ways to measure and improve the expert accuracy and IRA.
Forecasting air passenger travel: A case study of Norwegian aviation industry
Authors: Anupam Angesh , Lawal Isah A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccurate forecasting of airline passenger traffic is important for facilitating the effective management and planning of aviation resources. In this study, we explore the air passenger traffic in the Norwegian aviation industry by collecting the passenger flow data and the corresponding measurements of the weather conditions affecting the flow from the different airports in Norway. We then proposed nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) forecasting models to predict air passenger traffic in advance. The NARX models account for the nonlinearity and nonstationarity in the passenger flow and allow the accurate forecasting of air passenger traffic. We perform experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of two variants of the NARX model and compare their performances against long short‐term memory (LSTM), a deep learning method. We show that the proposed NARX model achieves the best prediction accuracy compared to LSTM, which is considered as a state‐of‐the‐art approach for fitting sequential data.
‘Paleoenvironmental study of modern charcoal making activity on forest soils in the Northern Vosges Mountains (Bitche, France): A multidisciplinary study of two remaining charcoal platforms and associated soils sequences’
Authors: Gebhardt Anne , Poszwa Anne , Mansuy‐Huault Laurence , Robin Vincent , Vrydaghs Luc , Lorgeoux Catherine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis multidisciplinary study aims to decipher the impact of ancient charcoal production on past and present‐day soils in the northern Vosges Mountains. Soil observations in the field and laboratory were complemented by charcoal and phytolith studies on large thin sections, molecular analyses of organic pollutants, and phytolith analysis on bulk samples. The complex technosol platform records an ancient natural soil sequence buried by a human‐made platform on which charcoal accumulated. The current upslope soil is an entic Podzol. Palaeoecological data collected in the buried soil are reliable owing to low bioactivity due to soil acidity. Podzolisation predated the platform construction. The presence of ashes induced low soil alkalisation developed in the charcoal hearth remains and appears to have generated the migration of subsequent iron/clay/organic bands throughout the platform sediment and the buried soil. Charcoal studied in thin sections revealed mainly Quercus and Fagus taxa. Phytolith studies suggest that a less dense or degraded forest preceded platform construction, probably due to former woodland coppicing or earlier disorganised wood gathering. The specific distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sorbed on charcoal has persisted in soils throughout centuries, but we have no evidence that charcoal‐making activities contributed to diffuse global pollution.
A High‐Tryptophan Diet Alleviated Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 Mice through Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor via the Regulation of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Pan Sipei , Zhang Yuhe , Ye Tao , Kong Yu , Cui Xiaorui , Yuan Shushu , Liu Jiaming , Zhang Yang 
Published: November 2023

ScopeRecent studies have highlighted the vital role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of the regulation of gut microbiota by dietary components on AD remains unknown. Thus, the study explored that a high‐tryptophan (Trp) diet alleviates cognitive impairment by regulating microbiota.Methods and resultsMale APP/PS1 mice are fed 0.5% Trp diet for 4 weeks, and then cognitive function, amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition, microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokines production, and gut microbiota are detected. Moreover, the level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and NF‐κB pathway related protein are determined. The results show that high‐Trp diet significantly alleviates cognitive impairment and Aβ deposits. Moreover, high‐Trp diet significantly inhibits activation of microglia, decreases the level of cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), and restrains the activation markers of microglia, such as cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6. Notably, high‐Trp diet significantly activates AhR, inhibits the phosphorylation of p65, and improves microbiota dysbiosis.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated that high‐Trp diet exerts anti‐inflammatory effects via upregulating AhR and suppressing NF‐κB pathway, and its mechanisms may be mediated by regulating gut microbiota, suggesting that Trp diet may be a potential strategy for AD intervention.
Immunosuppression in solid organ–transplant recipients and impact on nutrition support
Authors: Wilson Nicole K. , Kataria Ann D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA key component to nutrition support is to consider immunosuppressive agents, the interaction with nutrients, and how the side effects of the medications influence nutrition support. The immunosuppression of the solid organ–transplant recipient involves the individualized titration of multiple therapeutic agents to prevent allorecognition and, thus, rejection of the transplanted organ. Induction immunosuppression includes the agents used at the time of transplant to prevent early rejection. Maintenance immunosuppression typically consists of oral medications taken for life. Regular therapeutic monitoring of immunosuppression is necessary to balance the risk of rejection with that of infections and malignancy. In the acute‐care setting, multidisciplinary collaboration, including pharmacy and nutrition, is needed to optimize the route of administration, titration, and side effects of immunosuppression. Long‐term nutrition management after transplant is also vital to prevent exacerbating adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapies, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and bone loss. This review summarizes common immunosuppressive agents currently utilized in solid organ–transplant recipients and factors that may influence decisions on nutrition support.
Preparation and characterization of polymer blend electrolyte membranes based on lithium acetate‐complexed carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) blend
Authors: Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Marlina Anita , Nugroho Bangun Satrio , Pramono Edi , Sabrina Qolby , Yulianti Evi , Arcana I Made , Wahyuningrum Deana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work aimed to prepare solid polymer blend electrolytes based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) complexed with lithium acetate (LiCH3COO) for lithium‐ion batteries application. The solid polymer blend electrolytes of LiCH3COO‐complexed CMC/CMCh (50/50) polymer blend electrolyte were prepared by using the casting solution technique, where various weight percentages of LiCH3COO were mixed into CMC/CMCh (50/50) blend as host polymer. Solid polymer blend electrolytes of CMC/CMCh + 30wt% LiCH3COO had the highest ionic conductivity as much as 2.24 × 10−5 S cm−1 among others. The CMC/CMCh blend (50/50) + 30wt% LiCH3COO degraded at temperature interval 256–473°C. Linear sweep voltammetry method shows that CMC/CMCh (50/50) + 30wt% LiCH3COO reached a decomposition voltage around 2.54 V, while CMC/CMCh (50/50) + 10wt% LiCH3COO was decomposed at a lower voltage around 1.55 V. Based on the transference number measurement appeared that the initial and final current values of 0.84 for the CMC/CMCh (50/50) + 30wt% LiCH3COO is higher than that of the CMC/CMCh (50/50) + 10wt% LiCH3COO (0.8). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the CMC/CMCh blend (50/50) + 30wt% LiCH3COO meets the minimum requirements for the main parameters of ion conductivity and thermal stability as a solid electrolyte polymer membrane but needs improvement and attention to its mechanical properties.Highlights
CMC and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) have polar groups for ionic conduction.
The CMC/CMCh blend (50/50) + 30wt% LiCH3COO has good ionic conductivity of 2.24 × 10−5 S cm−1.
The CMC/CMCh blend (50/50) + 30wt% LiCH3COO has high thermal stability 256–473°C.
The CMC/CMCh blend (50/50) + 30wt% LiCH3COO has high decomposition voltage around 2.54 V.
The CMC/CMCh blend (50/50) + 30wt% LiCH3COO has higher transference number (0.84).
Inert Group‐Containing Electrolyte Additive Enabling Stable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Hanhao , Wu Jian , Xu Jiancheng , Li Jiaming , Wang Jianglin , Cai Jingbo , Long Yini , Yu Xiao , Yang Zhanhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered promising energy storage devices because of their high theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, the ongoing side reactions and zinc dendrite growth during cycling limit their practical application. Herein, trisodium methylglycine diacetate (Na3MGDA) additive containing the additional inert group methyl is introduced for Zn anode protection, and the contribution of methyl as an inert group to the Zn anode stability is discussed. Experimental results reveal that the methyl group with various effects enhances the interaction between the polar groups in Na3MGDA and the Zn2+/Zn anode. Thus, the polar carboxylate negative ions in MGDA anions can more easily modify the solvation structure and adsorb on the anode surface in situ to establish a hydrophobic electrical double layer (EDL) layer with steric hindrance effects. Such the EDL layer exhibits a robust selectivity for Zn deposition and a significant inhibition of parasitic reactions. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric battery presents 2375 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2, and the Zn||V6O13 full battery provides 91% capacity retention after 1300 cycles at 3 A g−1. This study emphasizes the significant role of inert groups of the additive on the interfacial stability during the plating/stripping of high‐performance AZIBs.
Relative contribution of lateral vestibular neuron and abducens internuclear neuron inputs to the discharge activity of medial rectus motoneurons
Authors: Hernández Rosendo G. , Benítez-Temiño Beatriz , de la Cruz Rosa R. , Pastor Angel M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMedial rectus motoneurons mediate nasally directed horizontal eye movements. These motoneurons receive two major excitatory inputs, from the abducens internuclear neurons (ABD Ints) and neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus whose axons course through the ascending tract of Deiters (ATD). In the present work, we have recorded in the alert chronic cat preparation the discharge activity of these two premotor neurons simultaneously with eye movements, to discern their relative contribution to the firing pattern of medial rectus motoneurons. ABD Int discharge was accurately correlated with eye movements, displaying high sensitivities to eye position and eye velocity. ATD neurons also discharged in relation to spontaneous and vestibular eye movements but showed significantly lower eye position and eye velocity sensitivities. Outstandingly, ATD neurons presented a significantly lower eye position threshold for recruitment compared to both ABD Ints and medial rectus motoneurons. Therefore, ATD neurons exhibited eye position and velocity signals during spontaneous and vestibular eye movements, which were of lower magnitude than those of ABD Ints, but due to their low recruitment threshold, they could play a significant role in facilitating ABD Int signal transmission onto medial rectus motoneurons.
Julia Sets, Jordan Curves and Quasi-circles
Authors: Steinmetz Norbert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the classification of rational functions whose Julia sets are Jordan arcs or curves, which started in (Carleson and Gamelin in Complex dynamics, Springer, Berlin, 1993; Steinmetz in Math Ann 307:531–541, 1997), will be completed. The method of proof is based on two quasi-conformal surgery procedures, which enables shifting the critical points in simply connected (super-)attracting and parabolic basins into a single critical point of highest possible multiplicity.
Cosmogenic Nuclide Tracking of Sediment Recycling From a Frontal Siwalik Range in the Northwestern Himalaya
Authors: Mandal Sanjay Kumar , Kapannusch René , Scherler Dirk , Barnes Jason B. , Insel Nadja , Densmore Alexander L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Himalayan orogen exports millions of tons of sediment annually to the Indo‐Gangetic foreland basin, derived from both hinterland and foreland fold‐thrust belts (FTB). Although erosion rates in the hinterland are well‐constrained, erosion rates in the foreland FTB and, by extension, the sediment flux have remained poorly constrained. Here, we quantified erosion rates and sediment flux from the Mohand Range in the northwestern Himalaya by modeling and measuring the cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) 10Be and 26Al concentrations in modern fluvial sediments. Our model uses local geological and geophysical constraints and accounts for CRN inheritance and sediment recycling, which enables us to determine the relative contributions of the hinterland and foreland FTB sources to the CRN budget of the proximal foreland deposits. Our model predictions closely match measured concentrations for a crustal shortening rate across the Mohand Range of 8.0 ± 0.5 mm yr−1 (i.e., approximately 50% of the total shortening across the Himalaya at this longitude) since Ma. This shortening implies a spatial gradient in erosion rates ranging from 0.42 ± 0.03 to 4.92 ± 0.34 mm yr−1, controlled by the geometry of the underlying structure. This erosion pattern corresponds to an annual sediment recycling of ∼2.0 megatons from the Mohand Range to the downstream Yamuna foreland. Converted to sediment fluxes per unit width along the Himalaya, the foreland FTB accounts for ∼21% ± 5% of the total flux entering the foreland. Because these sediments have lower 10Be concentrations than hinterland‐derived sediment, they would lead to ∼14% overestimation of 10Be‐derived erosion rates, based on Yamuna sediments in the proximal foreland.
Milankovitch Record From Middle Jurassic Platform Supports Moderate Coolhouse Glaciation
Authors: Husinec A. , Read J. F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are few documentations of far‐field effects of coolhouse glaciation and its signature preserved within Middle Jurassic carbonate platforms. Through outcrop logging and time series analysis we document the cyclostratigraphy of the upper Bajocian‐Bathonian interval of the Adriatic Platform, Croatia. The 200 m thick, ∼3.3 Myr duration cyclic platform record consists of peritidal carbonate parasequences (n = 109) with high‐energy grainstone‐rudstone bases fining up into micritic carbonate caps. There is little evidence of long‐term exposure near purported sequence boundaries, indicating the succession is conformable above the parasequence scale. Time series were constructed using Dunham rank and stratigraphic position, and parasequence thickness and stratigraphic position. A statistical estimation of accumulation rates using average spectral misfit (ASM) and correlation coefficient (COCO) methods that compare spectral peaks with an astronomical model at various sedimentation rates suggests that these rates ranged from 4.5 to 6 cm/kyr, which is compatible with long‐term rates based on thickness divided by duration. The time series analysis of rank series and cycle thickness series indicates long‐term obliquity modulation (∼1 Myr), short obliquity modulation (173 kyr), strong obliquity, and weak precession. The 173 kyr cycle is particularly evident in the cycle thickness series. The similarity of the spectra to the obliquity‐dominated Cenozoic coolhouse supports moderate southern hemisphere glaciation driving glacioeustatic sea level changes during the Middle Jurassic.
Harnessing synthetic biology for advancing RNA therapeutics and vaccine design
Authors: Pfeifer Blaine A. , Beitelshees Marie , Hill Andrew , Bassett Justin , Jones Charles H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent global events have drawn into focus the diversity of options for combatting disease across a spectrum of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. The recent success of the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines has paved the way for RNA-based treatments to revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry. However, historical treatment options are continuously updated and reimagined in the context of novel technical developments, such as those facilitated through the application of synthetic biology. When it comes to the development of genetic forms of therapies and vaccines, synthetic biology offers diverse tools and approaches to influence the content, dosage, and breadth of treatment with the prospect of economic advantage provided in time and cost benefits. This can be achieved by utilizing the broad tools within this discipline to enhance the functionality and efficacy of pharmaceutical agent sequences. This review will describe how synthetic biology principles can augment RNA-based treatments through optimizing not only the vaccine antigen, therapeutic construct, therapeutic activity, and delivery vector. The enhancement of RNA vaccine technology through implementing synthetic biology has the potential to shape the next generation of vaccines and therapeutics.