bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rice-Paper Ceiling in Japanese Companies Why It Exists and Persists
Authors: Kopp Rochelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 3 Brannen and Salk make the point that defining the contrasts between Japanese and local cultures and management styles in terms of reified billiard balls is not a sufficient way to describe the dynamics that arise in the context of Japanese overseas subsidiaries and that it is necessary to examine the negotiated culture which emerges from interactions. This chapter represents an attempt to quantify and dissect what appears to be a common feature of the negotiated cultures that emerge in the overseas operations of Japanese firms: a heavy use of expatriates and a related barrier to the advancement of locally hired employees within the overseas operation. Numerous observers of Japanese multinationals have OMNCs) remarked on their tendency to dispatch large numbers of expatriates to overseas operations. That these expatriates dominate management posts to the exclusion of locally hired personnel is so often repeated that it has become virtually axiomatic.
Globalization of Pharmaceutical Research and Development in Japanese Companies
Authors: Methe David T , Penner-Hahn Joan D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the quickening pace of change brought about by technological innovation and globalization, organizations have had to scramble to keep pace. The relentless drive for responsiveness has focused much attention on organizational learning (Senge, 1990), seen as crucial to a company’ s success (Garratt, 1987). It has been studied in a number of contexts (Brown & Duguid, 1991; Nevis, DiBella, & Gould, 1995), but one area that needs more systematic study is globalization, particularly because one of the key assets attributed to multinational corporations (MNCs) is their greater learning opportunities as a result of operating in diverse environments (Ghoshal, 1987). As more and more companies put facilities overseas, their executives confront the managerial challenge of transferring information and knowledge related to best practices from where they were generated to where they are needed.
The Big Event
Authors: Shandler Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By many accounts the premiere broadcast of the miniseries Holocaust: The Story of the Family Weiss on NBC constitutes the most significant event in the presentation of the Holocaust on American television. Aired on four consecutive evenings, 16-19 April 1978, it was seen, at least in part, by an estimated 120 million viewers nationwide.1 Scholars and critics often cite the miniseries as a landmark of Holocaust consciousness in America. With this one event, many have claimed that the Holocaust “fully ‘arrived’ on the American scene.”
Introduction: Japanese Multinationals in Asia
Authors: Encarnation Dennis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the mid to late 1980s, Japanese corporations rushed headlong into Asia, pushed in part by the sharply rising value of the Japanese yen and pulled by the alluring prospect of lower labor and other factor costs, plus very large and rap idly growing markets. Today, a decade later, multinational corporations (MNCs) based in Japan remain the largest national source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Asia, a driving force behind much of that region’s rapidly growing trade in goods and services and a principal source there of technology transfer. By weaving these FDI, trade, and technology flows into cross-border networks, Japanese multinationals have fundamentally reorganized production across Asia. Thus, they have been linked both to the “hollowing out” back home of the Japanese economy, and to the “economic miracle” visible in those Asian economies hosting Japanese FDI.
Nondirective Counseling, Risk Perception, and Decision Making
Authors: Weil Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The topics of nondirective counseling, risk perception, and decision making are fundamental to genetic counseling. The ethos of nondirective genetic counseling, which has a complex, still evolving history, is conceptualized in terms of the active promotion of counselee efficacy and autonomy. This conceptualization significantly influences the approach to working with counselees, including the techniques used to help each counselee reach decisions that are consistent with both the factual information and the counselee’s beliefs, values, and circumstances. The psychological process of risk perception transforms the risk information provided in genetic counseling into individualized perceptions that are influenced by the counselee’s life experiences and other sources of information. Cognitive and emotional factors then affect the psychological steps by which a decision is either reached or deferred, based in part on perceptions of risk. Thus, an understanding of risk perception and decision making is essential if the genetic counselor is to use the technique of nondirective counseling to facilitate counselee-based decision making.
Cysticercosis, Coenurosis, Sparganosis, And Proliferating Cestode Larvae
Authors: Gutierrez Yezid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As stated in the introduction to Part IV, the larval stages of certain tapeworms such as cysticercus, coenurus, hydatid, and sparganum occur in humans, where they often behave as they do in their natural intermediate hosts. These infections are by definition zoonotic. In certain geographic areas, some of them produce important morbidity and mortality. In addition to the four larval stages mentioned, other cestode larvae occur rarely in humans, and aberrant forms of cysticercus and sparganum occur in both immune-competent and immune-suppressed individuals. The recognition of cestode larvae in tissues is important for the anatomic pathologist because this is the basis for diagnosing these infections specifically. In this chapter, we will study the cysticercus, coenurus, sparganum, and proliferating cestode larvae; the hydatid larvae are covered in Chapter 27.
Dragon Multinational
Authors: Mathews John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conventional view of globalization sees it as a process driven by giant firms from the Triad regions of North America, Europe, and Japan, shaping the world in their own image. This book contests such a view, describing the extraordinary success of a handful of multinationals from the "Periphery" in globalizing their operations extremely rapidly. Focusing on Acer, the Taiwanese IT company; the Hong Leong hotel group of Singapore; Ispat International in steel; Cemex of Mexico in cement; and Li and Fung from Hong Kong in contract manufacturing, Matthews demonstrates that these firms have been able to utilize strategies of international linkage and leverage to accelerate their global coverage. He contends that they are pioneers of a new kind of global firm, indicators that the global business civilization being created in the 21st century is like to be pluralistic and diverse, offering unprecedented opportunities for firms that know how to enmesh themselves in global networks.
Nomenclature
Authors: Brown Cecil H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
His chapter describes strategies used by speakers of Native American languages for naming objects and concepts introduced to the New World by Europeans. Four major processes are widely recognized (see, e.g., Herzog 1941; Haugen 1950; Casagrande 1954a, 1954b, 1955; Salzmann 1954; Basso 1967; Bright 1976): (1) adoption of loanwords, (2) use of loan shifts (loan translations and semantic loans), (3) extension of terms, and (4) coining of descriptive expressions. Onomatopoeia, or sound-mimicking, can be added to this list as a minor process. (The expression “native term” is used here to refer to labels created through the last three major processes and onomatopoeia.)
Indexing Polyphonous Identity in the Speech of African American Drag Queens
Authors: Barrett Rusty 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I examine the presence and use of a “white-woman” style of speaking among African American drag queens (hereafter AADQs). I hope to demonstrate that a close examination of this language use suggests an ambivalent, sometimes critical, sometimes angry, view of white-ness that does not lend itself to a simplistic explanation of “wanting to be white.” After discussing the issue of drag itself, I will discuss the ways in which AADQs create a “white-woman” linguistic style. However, this style of speaking is only one voice used by AADQs. The complete set of linguistic styles together index a multilayered identity that is sometimes strongly political with regard to issues of racism and homophobia.
Organizational Change and Improving the Quality of Palliative Care in the ICU
Authors: Daly Barbara J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to address organizational features of critical care units as they affect the provision of palliative care. The premise of the chapter is that an important part of the explanation for the current inadequacies in care of the dying in general and in critical care in particular is failure to appreciate the extent to which the environment of practice influences care providers and processes.
Collaborating in Aphasic Group Conversation
Authors: Klippi Anu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Speech therapists and aphasiologists are increasingly aware that more information is needed about interaction in aphasia so as to establish newer, effective therapies to help aphasic speakers communicate. Clinical observations and recent studies indicate that aphasic conversations proceed differently from those of normal speakers (Ferguson, 1994; Goodwin, 1995; Klippi, 1992, 1996; Laakso, 1992, 1997; Milroy & Perkins, 1992; Perkins, 1993; Wilkinson, 1995). The main problems in aphasia are ineffective linguistic processing and limited access to linguistic resources. Aphasia affects these processes and resources in variable ways, devastating some systems, leaving others intact. Different types of semantic and syntactic problems, as well as phonological problems, lead to diverse difficulties in conversation. This means that aphasia affects not only linguistic behavior, but patterns of interaction, regardless of the nature of the disruption.
Structure And Kinetic Properties Of The Acetylcholine Receptor
Authors: Kaminski Henry J , Ruff Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The AChR is a transmembrane allosteric glycoprotein (Fig. 2-1 ). Its three-dimensional structure includes a large extracellular domain that is primarily composed of the N-terminal regions of the subunits that form the receptor complex. The extracellular domain forms a large vestibule lined with negative charges that concentrate cations near the orifice of the membrane-spanning ion channel. The entrance to the extracellular vestibule is about 34 Å in diameter. Binding sites for agonists, such as acetylcholine (ACh), and competitive antagonists are found on the outer surface of the large extracellular domain of the AChR about 20 to 30 A from the membrane surface.
Natural History Of Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Grob David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) was first described in 1672 as a chronic disease characterized by fluctuating weakness that was aggravated by exertion and improved by rest. It was first analyzed in detail at the turn of the century.8,14,30,42 Prior to the introduction in 1934 of anticholinesterase compounds for diagnosis and management the few MG patients recognized as having this disorder were mainly those who exhibited severe weakness and died within a year or two.5,32 Between 1915 and 1934, the prevalence of MG was estimated at one per 200,000 population, and 70% of these patients died from pulmonary complications. After 1934, when anticholinesterase compounds improved the diagnosis and therapy of MG, the prevalence rose to about one per 20,000 and the mortality fell to about 30%.15,23 Further decreases in mortality came in the 1930s, when the use of sulfonamides and antibiotics was introduced for treating pneumonia. After 1939, thymectomy improved management of MG, but the reduction in mortality by these measures was less than that stem-ming from increased recognition of MG (Fig. 6-1).
Treatment Of Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Seybold Marjorie E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) mirrors the style and experience of the treating physician. As a result, various schools of thought exist regarding therapy, each reflecting the style adopted by a leader in the field and its utilization by the leader’s trainees. Each school favors cer-tain therapeutic agents over others, approaches treatment more or less aggressively than others, or introduces therapies in different sequences than the others. No method is singularly superior and the reader is encouraged to develop his or her own style, bearing in mind the severity of the disease and the personality and lifestyle of the patient. Here I will acquaint the reader with the more commonly used interventions; their methods of action, side effects, and costs; and the apparent rationale for their use. I will also point out why not all physicians apply the therapy in the same way or in all clinical situations.
Punishment Policies and Patterns in Western Countries
Authors: Tonry Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can learn things about crime and punishment by looking across national boundaries. For despite many important similarities in how Western nations respond to crime, and in the values that underlie those responses, sentencing and punishment policies vary greatly. U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed, in New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262, 311 (1932), that “it is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single, courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory and try social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country.” Countries likewise can learn from one another’s experiments if they will.
Coevolution of Interorganizational Relations
Authors: Nishiguchi Toshihiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to discuss and develop a new coevolutionary model of organizational relations. In this model, well-formed interorganizational relations are best thought of as poised on the edge between exploitation and symbiosis. Thus they are constantly fluctuating between competition and cooperation, forever being redefined. New value and knowledge will emerge from the destabilizing interaction of the two systems that coevolve in a spiral manner over time. This twister may be a direct product not of dialectics (thesis-antithesis-synthesis) but rather of an interplay between structures within a structure, in which the interaction of parts constitutes the whole.
Sacagawea: The Making of a Myth
Authors: Barbie Donna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Shoshone woman—child-captive of the Hidatsas, subsequent wife of a French fur trader, and purported guide to the Lewis and Clark expedition—stands as a legendary figure in America. Sacagawea, whose name is variously spelled “Sacajawea,” “Sacagawea,” and “Sakakawea,” is that celebrated woman. Since 1805, when she made her first appearance in print, hundreds of histories, paintings, and novels have told her story. An abundance of statues and landmarks have been named in her honor, and a United States one dollar coin bears her image. As is true of any legend, Sacagawea’s proponents fashioned an idealized woman, according to their own definition. In doing so, they formulated a satisfying narrative of her life, while also using it to address compelling contemporary issues in America. At the end of the twentieth century, this Native woman’s story continues to endure in the society that first endowed it with significance.
Historically, we know little with any certainty about Sacagawea. The only written materials documenting any significant aspects of her life are the journals of the Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-6). Even within their logs, members of the Corps of Discovery merely mentioned her, generally suggesting that she played a relatively insignificant role in the mission. Not a single notation described her physically, and entries usually referred to her as “the squar” (squaw) or “the Indian woman.” In nearly two years, only rarely did any of the journalists attempt to use her name. The journals do offer some details of Sacagawea’s life.
Diagnosis and Management of Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Authors: Mendell Jerry R , Kissel John T , R.Cornblath David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies represent a challenging subject for most physicians. This is an up-to-date, comprehensive, and readable book on peripheral neuropathies that includes concise information on the clinical, electrophysiological, pathological, pathogenic, and treatment aspects of the most important disorders. New molecular and serologic diagnostic tests are discussed. Sections are devoted to nerve and skin biopsy techniques and findings, quantitative sensory and autonomic reflex tests. Case examples are used liberally throughout the text. The editors: Mendell, Kissel, and Cornblath are experienced clinicians that bring complementary knowledge to each of the subjects. Additional authors have been handpicked for specific topics which add to the value of the edition.
Approach To Diagnosis
Authors: Brew Bruce James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The approach to neurologic diagnosis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)– seropositive patient is different from that for the non-HIV-seropositive patient. The classic structure of “where is the lesion?” followed by “what is the lesion?” must be tempered by the appreciation of the principles detailed in Chapter 3. Indeed, the first of several additional questions should be “what is the degree of advancement of HIV disease?” Beyond the necessary modifications to the more classic neurologic approach, there are particular syndromes unique to HIV neurology that can be helpful in arriving at a diagnosis.
Communicating Science
Authors: Gross Alan G , Harmon Joseph E , Reidy Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book describes the development of the scientific article from its modest beginnings to the global phenomenon that it has become today. Their analysis of a large sample of texts in French, English, and German focuses on the changes in the style, oganization, and argumentative structure of scientific communication over time. They also speculate on the future currency of the scientific article, as it enters the era of the World Wide Web. This book is an outstanding resource text in the rhetoric of science, and will stand as the definitive study on the topic.
Neuropsychological Assessment of Mental State
Authors: Weintraub Sandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of brain-damaged patients has shown that the traditional categories around which the mental state examination is organized (e.g., memory, language, reasoning, etc.) are not unitary. For example, some patients could have preserved language comprehension for commands requiring whole body movements but not for those requiring only limb movements; some may learn a new motor skill without conscious memory of the experience (see Chapter 4); yet others may experience emotion but are not able to convey it via modulations of prosody and facial expression (see Chapter 6). Functional imaging studies in healthy adults have demonstrated that performing even a simple mental task activates distributed neuroanatomical networks and not a single, dedicated “center.” Furthermore, domains of mental processes are highly interactive, so an impairment in one may influence performance of tests in another. For example, a task of mental calculation may be failed because of a primary defect of attention or language, or because of an inability to sequence a series of goal-directed actions. These considerations have shaped the neuropsychological approach to testing mental state described in this chapter.
Dualities and Tensions of Planned Organizational Change
Authors: Seo Myeong-Gu , Putnam Linda L , Bartunek Jean M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our purpose in this chapter is twofold. First we describe a variety of types of capacity-building planned change efforts in organizations (cf. Beer and Nohria, 2000) as these emerged and developed from the mid– twentieth century through the turn of the twenty-first century. Second, we explore underlying dualities and tensions and their implications within each of these change efforts. We do so to highlight some hidden dynamics of these approaches and to open up possibilities for their wider and deeper development. Thus, we examine both theories and practices linked with planned change to uncover dichotomies, or dualities, in approaches and tensions among underlying assumptions of these perspectives.
Hormones, Genes, And Cancer
Authors: Henderson Brian E , Ponder Bruce , Ross Ronald K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hormonal carcinogenesis is an important and controversial area of current research. In addition to accelerating existing cancers, can hormones play the role of primary carcinogens? How do genetic factors influence hormone-related cancer risk? Hormones, Genes, and Cancer addresses these questions. Over the past few decades, cancer research has focused on external environmental causes(e.g., tobacco smoke, viruses, asbestos). With the advent of new genetic sequencing techniques, we are just now beginning to understand how the body's internal environment(i.e., the hormones and growth factors that determine normal development) influences cancer etiology and prevention. From molecular insights to clinical analyses, this volume provides state-of-the-art information on the complex interactions between hormones and genes and cancer. The epidemiology and molecular endocrinology of prostate, breast, uterine, ovarian and testicular cancer are detailed in this timely treatise.
A Handbook of Slavic Clitics
Authors: Franks Steven , King Tracy Holloway 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clitics are grammatical elements that are treated as independent words in syntax but form a phonological unit with the word that precedes or follows it. This volume brings together the facts about clitics in the Slavic languages, where they have become a focal points of recent research. The authors draw relevant generalizations across the Slavic languages and highlight the importance of these phenomena for linguistic theory.
The Theory of Mistake
Authors: Fletcher George P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most difficult problems in criminal theory are generated by dissonance between reality and belief, between the objective facts and the actor’s subjective impression of the facts. In Chapter Seven we explored the implications of the facts being innocent, but the actor’s beliefs being criminal. Now we tum to the vast set of problems connected with the facts being incriminating, but the actor’s beliefs, innocent. This is the general problem of mistake and ignorance about conduct that nominally violates a legal prohibition. If the actor knows of the circumstances in these cases, he surely would be liable for his conduct; but if he does not know, we confront the general theoretical question about the extent to which his ignorance provides an excuse for his legal violation.
Ambiguity, Indeterminacy, Deixis, and Vagueness Evidence And Theory,
Authors: Gillon Brendan S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concepts of ambiguity, indeterminacy, deixis, and vagueness are fundamental to linguistic theory in general and to semantic theory in particular. Yet linguists have made surprisingly little effort to understand them. And while philosophers have paid a great deal of attention to the concepts of deixis and vagueness, they have rather neglected those of ambiguity and indeterminacy. This essay takes a step in the direction of redressing this neglect. In particular, I seek not only to delineate each concept and to distinguish them clearly from one another but also to improve our understanding of what empirical evidence warrants their ascription to expressions of a language.