bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implanting mechanically reprogrammed fibroblasts for aged tissue regeneration and wound healing
Authors: Roy Bibhas , Pekec Tina , Yuan Luezhen , Shivashankar G. V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCell‐based therapies are essential for tissue regeneration and wound healing during aging. Autologous transplantation of aging cells is ineffective due to their increased senescence and reduced tissue remodeling capabilities. Alternatively, implanting reprogrammed aged cells provides unique opportunities. In this paper, we demonstrate the implantation of partially reprogrammed aged human dermal fibroblasts into in vitro aged skin models for tissue regeneration and wound healing. The partially reprogrammed cells were obtained using our previously reported, highly efficient mechanical approach. Implanted cells showed enhanced expression of extracellular matrix proteins in the large area of aged tissue. In addition, the implanted cells at wound sites showed increased extracellular matrix protein synthesis and matrix alignment. Transcriptome analysis, combined with chromatin biomarkers, revealed these implanted cells upregulated tissue regeneration and wound healing pathways. Collectively our results provide a novel, nongenetic, partial reprogramming of aged cells for cell‐based therapies in regenerative medicine.
Factors influencing nursing and allied health recent graduates' rural versus urban preferred principal place of practice: A cross‐sectional data linkage study
Authors: Fisher Karin , Depczynski Julie , Mitchell Eleanor , Smith Anthony 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDisparities between metropolitan and non‐metropolitan health workforce must be addressed to reduce inequities in health care access. Understanding factors affecting early career practitioners' choice of practice location can inform workforce planning.ObjectiveTo investigate influences on rural practice location preferences of recent graduates.DesignCross‐sectional analysis linked university enrolment, Graduate Outcomes Survey (GOS) and Australian Health Professional Regulation Agency (Ahpra) principal place of practice (PPP) for 2018 and 2019 nursing and allied health graduates from two Australian universities. Chi‐squared tests and logistic regression compared rural versus urban PPP and locational preference.FindingsOf 2979 graduates, 1295 (43.5%) completed the GOS, with 63.7% (n = 825) working in their profession and 84.0% of those (n = 693) in their preferred location. Ahpra PPP data were extracted for 669 (81.1%) of those working in their profession. Most reported influences were ‘proximity to family/friends’ (48.5%), ‘lifestyle of the area’ (41.7%) and ‘opportunity for career advancement’ (40.7%). Factors most influential for rural PPP were ‘cost of accommodation/housing’ (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.23–4.17) and ‘being approached by an employer’ (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.12–3.92). Having an urban PPP was most influenced by ‘spouse/partners employment/career’ (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30–0.93) and ‘proximity to family/friends’ (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.24–0.72).DiscussionWhile the findings add strength to the understanding that graduates who originated from a rural area are most likely to take up rural practice in their preferred location, varied social and professional factors are influential on decision‐making.ConclusionsIt is imperative to recruit students from non‐metropolitan regions into health professional degrees, as well as addressing other influences on choice of practice location.
Safety and immunopharmacology of ASP0892 in adults or adolescents with peanut allergy: two randomized trials
Authors: Ferslew Brian C. , Smulders Ronald , Zhu Tong , Blauwet Mary B. , Kusawake Tomohiro , Spence Anna , Aldridge Kelly , DeBerg Hannah A. , Khosa Sugandhika , Wambre Erik , Chichili Gurunadh R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNew treatment options with improved safety and novel mechanisms of actions are needed for patients with peanut allergy.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of ASP0892, a peanut DNA vaccine, after intradermal (id) or intramuscular (im) administration in adult or adolescent patients with peanut allergy in two phase 1 studies.MethodsASP0892 or placebo was administered every 2 weeks for a total of 4 doses. The doses were 1 mg or 4 mg id or 4 mg im for adults, and 1 mg or 4 mg id for adolescents. Immunologic parameters were assessed longitudinally.ResultsThirty‐one adults (mean age 24.3 years, 17 males) received ASP0892 (9, 8, 8 patients for 1 mg id, 4 mg id or 4 mg im, respectively) or placebo (2 patients/group). Twenty adolescents (mean age 14.2 years, 11 males) received ASP0892 (8 patients/group) or placebo (2 patients/group). In both studies, the most common treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) was injection site pruritus. No deaths or treatment withdrawal were related to TEAEs. No serious TEAEs related to treatment were observed in adult or adolescent patients. ASP0892 treatment led to modest increases in allergen‐specific IgG and/or IgG4 in adults (1 mg id, 4 mg im) and adolescents (1 mg id, 4 mg id). No improvements in clinical outcomes, including double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge, were found after ASP0892 treatment.ConclusionsIn two phase 1 studies, ASP0892 was well tolerated with modest but not clinically relevant changes in immune responses.ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifiersNCT02851277, NCT03755713.
Increased serum creatinine associated with testicular microlithiasis in adult Japanese men: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hagiuda Jun , Takamatsu Kiyoshi , Nakagawa Ken 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTesticular microlithiasis (TM) is thought to be associated with testicular tumors and impaired spermatogenesis; however, its etiology remains unclear.ObjectivesTo identify factors, other than testicular function, that are associated with testicular microlithiasis.Materials and methodsWe enrolled males who underwent ultrasound examination of the scrotum at Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital. The patients were categorized into two groups: those with or those without testicular microlithiasis. Background and blood test data were compared between the groups.ResultsTesticular microlithiasis was observed in 72 of the 828 (8.7%) patients enrolled. Ages ranged from 15 to 87 years (mean age, 40.0 years). A history of germ cell tumor was significantly more prevalent in patients with testicular microlithiasis than in those without (1.3 vs. 16.7%; p < 0.001). Blood test data showed that, patients with testicular microlithiasis had significantly higher serum creatinine levels (0.91 vs. 1.04 mg/dL; p = 0.046) and lower calcium levels (9.4 vs. 9.3 mg/dL; p = 0.031) than those without. Serum creatinine levels (> 1.00 mg/dL) and germ cell tumors were significantly associated with testicular microlithiasis in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis increased in patients older than 50 years. Age (> 50 years) was associated with testicular microlithiasis in univariate analysis. The mean body weight tended to be heavier (70.7 vs. 72.2 kg; p = 0.051) and epididymitis was observed more frequently (3.2 vs. 8.3%; p = 0.056) in patients with testicular microlithiasis than in those without.Discussion and conclusionA history of testicular tumors and elevated serum creatinine levels were associated with testicular microlithiasis. Testicular microlithiasis was observed across all age groups, with a tendency to increase in patients older than 50 years. Patients with testicular microlithiasis were slightly heavier and had a higher prevalence of epididymitis than those without. Our findings suggest that, in addition to testicular dysgenesis, other factors are involved in the development of testicular microlithiasis.
The institutionalisation of urban community gardens in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Kanosvamhira Tinashe P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUrban community gardens, once seen as a counter to neoliberal subjectivity, are now perceived as inadvertently reinforcing neoliberal dominance, challenging the progressive goals of urban gardening. This study investigates how the state shapes urban community gardens in alignment with neoliberal principles, potentially diluting their intended advantages. By analysing policies and interviewing state actors supporting urban gardening initiatives and activists, I argue that the state actively cultivates neoliberal subjectivities in these contexts. Unfortunately, state policies and projects often fail to address the root causes of food and nutrition insecurity in urban areas. This neoliberalisation of urban community gardening diminishes their potential to act as tools for advancing food justice in historically disadvantaged communities in Cape Town. Nevertheless, there is hope in the agency of gardeners who are not passive participants in this process. I conclude that relying on the state to implement projects for a more equitable food system may not be a dependable strategy. Instead, urban gardeners must carefully select their allies to effectively pursue their goals.
Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 inhibition improves the efficacy of cisplatin and radiotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing programmed cell death‐ligand 1 expression
Authors: Ren Jiajie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) is highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and plays a crucial role in tumour progression. However, the impact of BRD4 on the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by regulating the expression of programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in OSCC remains unclear. In this study, we found that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 effectively enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin and radiotherapy on cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of OSCC cells by cisplatin and radiotherapy. Furthermore, treatment with JQ1 reversed the increase of the expression of PD‐L1 by cisplatin and radiotherapy, whereas the overexpression of PD‐L1 partially countered the beneficial effects of JQ1 on the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin and radiotherapy. These results demonstrate that the inhibition of BRD4 improves the anticancer effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by suppressing the expression of PD‐L1 in OSCC, suggesting that targeting BRD4 could be a promising therapeutic approach for chemo/radioresistant OSCC.
Language‐Specific Constraints on Conversation: Evidence from Danish and Norwegian
Authors: Dideriksen Christina , Christiansen Morten H. , Dingemanse Mark , Højmark‐Bertelsen Malte , Johansson Christer , Tylén Kristian , Fusaroli Riccardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEstablishing and maintaining mutual understanding in everyday conversations is crucial. To do so, people employ a variety of conversational devices, such as backchannels, repair, and linguistic entrainment. Here, we explore whether the use of conversational devices might be influenced by cross‐linguistic differences in the speakers’ native language, comparing two matched languages—Danish and Norwegian—differing primarily in their sound structure, with Danish being more opaque, that is, less acoustically distinguished. Across systematically manipulated conversational contexts, we find that processes supporting mutual understanding in conversations vary with external constraints: across different contexts and, crucially, across languages. In accord with our predictions, linguistic entrainment was overall higher in Danish than in Norwegian, while backchannels and repairs presented a more nuanced pattern. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that native speakers of Danish may compensate for its opaque sound structure by adopting a top‐down strategy of building more conversational redundancy through entrainment, which also might reduce the need for repairs. These results suggest that linguistic differences might be met by systematic changes in language processing and use. This paves the way for further cross‐linguistic investigations and critical assessment of the interplay between cultural and linguistic factors on the one hand and conversational dynamics on the other.
A fast and non‐invasive artificial intelligence olfactory‐like system that aids diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cao Yina , Jiang Lina , Zhang Jingxin , Fu Yanlu , Li Qiwei , Fu Wei , Zhu Junjiang , Xiang Xiaohui , Zhao Guohua , Kong Dongdong , Chen Xing , Fang Jiajia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeSeveral previous studies have shown that skin sebum analysis can be used to diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to develop a portable artificial intelligence olfactory‐like (AIO) system based on gas chromatographic analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in patient sebum and explore its application value in the diagnosis of PD.MethodsThe skin VOCs from 121 PD patients and 129 healthy controls were analyzed using the AIO system and three classic machine learning models were established, including the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), random forest and extreme gradient boosting, to assist the diagnosis of PD and predict its severity.ResultsA 20‐s time series of AIO system data were collected from each participant. The VOC peaks at a large number of time points roughly concentrated around 5–12 s were significantly higher in PD subjects. The gradient boosting decision tree model showed the best ability to differentiate PD from healthy controls, yielding a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 84.00%. However, the system failed to predict PD progression scored by Hoehn−Yahr stage.ConclusionsThis study provides a fast, low‐cost and non‐invasive method to distinguish PD patients from healthy controls. Furthermore, our study also indicates abnormal sebaceous gland secretion in PD patients, providing new evidence for exploring the pathogenesis of PD.
Listeria monocytogenes encephalitis in a donkey foal
Authors: Jula Catherine , Buechner‐Maxwell Virginia , Southard Teresa , LeCuyer Tessa 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis is the first known case report of encephalitic listeriosis in a donkey (Equus asinus). A 5‐day‐old female donkey foal presented for fever, progressive weakness and loss of suckle reflex. Upon arrival, its vital parameters were normal, but the foal was collapsed. It had horizontal nystagmus, front limb paddling, minimal response to stimuli, prolapse of the left third eyelid and curling the neck to the left when in sternal recumbency. Samples collected for diagnostic evaluation included blood and cerebral spinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a pleocytosis consisting mainly of nondegenerative neutrophils and a normal protein concentration. Bacteria were not seen on Gram stain. After 24 h of treatment with intravenous fluids, anti‐inflammatories, antibiotics, nasogastric feedings of the dam's milk and supplemental nasal oxygen, little improvement was observed and the owners elected to euthanise the foal. Post‐mortem examination revealed multifocal, irregularly distributed hepatic necrosis and multifocal lymphohistiocytic encephalitis. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from a section of brainstem.
The quest for new robust bacterial monoamine oxidases
Authors: Martins Lígia O. 
Published: November 2023

Microbial enzymes are versatile, cost‐effective, and sustainable tools, making them a preferred choice for enzymatic processes. Santema et al. harnessed AlphaFold, a cutting‐edge structure prediction tool, to discover new thermophilic monoamine oxidases (MAO) that could be relevant for drug development and use in biotechnology fields. The new enzyme displays thermal robustness, offering a unique structure‐to‐function profile compared to known MAOs. This bacterial enzyme, paired with recent advancements in enzyme engineering, has the potential to meet the biotech sector's need for customized enzymes.
Does informal governance matter to institutional investors? Evidence from social capital
Authors: Huang Kershen , Shang Chenguang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe find a positive association between institutional ownership and social capital. The social norms in a region, while not imposed by businesses or laws, play a monitoring role that disciplines managers from self‐serving behaviors. The resulting trustworthiness, through its mitigation of agency problems, drives the investment preferences of institutions. Our subsample analyses based on information asymmetry and financial performance support this inference. Further, the positive association is evident for transient investors and quasi‐indexers but not for dedicated institutional investors. Overall, our study underscores the impact of informal governance on institutions' investment decisions.
Dust storms increase the tolerance of phytoplankton to thermal and pH changes
Authors: González‐Olalla Juan Manuel , Powell James A. , Brahney Janice 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAquatic communities are increasingly subjected to multiple stressors through global change, including warming, pH shifts, and elevated nutrient concentrations. These stressors often surpass species tolerance range, leading to unpredictable consequences for aquatic communities and ecosystem functioning. Phytoplankton, as the foundation of the aquatic food web, play a crucial role in controlling water quality and the transfer of nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels. Despite the significance in understanding the effect of multiple stressors, further research is required to explore the combined impact of multiple stressors on phytoplankton. In this study, we used a combination of crossed experiment and mechanistic model to analyze the ecological and biogeochemical effects of global change on aquatic ecosystems and to forecast phytoplankton dynamics. We examined the effect of dust (0–75 mg L−1), temperature (19–27°C), and pH (6.3–7.3) on the growth rate of the algal species Scenedesmus obliquus. Furthermore, we carried out a geospatial analysis to identify regions of the planet where aquatic systems could be most affected by atmospheric dust deposition. Our mechanistic model and our empirical data show that dust exerts a positive effect on phytoplankton growth rate, broadening its thermal and pH tolerance range. Finally, our geospatial analysis identifies several high‐risk areas including the highlands of the Tibetan Plateau, western United States, South America, central and southern Africa, central Australia as well as the Mediterranean region where dust‐induced changes are expected to have the greatest impacts. Overall, our study shows that increasing dust storms associated with a more arid climate and land degradation can reverse the negative effects of high temperatures and low pH on phytoplankton growth, affecting the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems and their role in the cycles of the elements and tolerance to global change.
IMPDH2 forms spots at branching sites and distal ends of astrocyte stem processes
Authors: Toyoda Saori , Handa Takehisa , Yong Huang , Takahashi Hidehiko , Shiwaku Hiroki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a rate‐limiting enzyme in the de novo GTP biosynthesis pathway. Recent studies suggest that IMPDH2, an isoform of IMPDH, can localize to specific subcellular compartments under certain conditions and regulate site‐specific GTP availability and small GTPase activity in invasive cancer cells. However, it is unclear whether IMPDH2 plays a site‐specific regulatory role in subcellular functions in healthy cells. In this study, we focused on brain cells and examined the localization pattern of IMPDH2. We discovered that IMPDH2 forms localized spots in the astrocytes of the adult mouse hippocampus. Further analysis of spot distribution in primary astrocyte cultures revealed that IMPDH2 spots are predominantly localized on branching sites and distal ends of astrocyte stem processes. Our findings suggest a potential unidentified role for IMPDH2 and GTP synthesis specifically at specialized nodes of astrocyte branches.
Older adults' needs and preferences for a nutrition education digital health solution: A participatory design study
Authors: Turner Ashlee , Flood Victoria M. , LaMonica Haley M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe global population is ageing rapidly and there is a need for strategies to promote health and wellbeing among older adults. Nutrition knowledge is a key predictor of dietary intake; therefore, effective educational programmes are urgently required to rectify poor dietary patterns. Digital health technologies provide a viable option for delivering nutrition education that is cost‐effective and widely accessible. However, few technologies have been developed to meet the unique needs and preferences of older adults.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore technology use among older adults and qualitatively determine the content needs and design preferences for an online nutrition education resource tailored to older adult consumers in Australia.MethodsTwenty adult participants aged 55 years and older (95% female) participated in one of four 2‐h participatory design workshops. In each workshop, prompted discussion questions were used to explore participants' technology use and preferences and to explore content needs and design preferences for an online nutrition education resource specific to older adults.ResultsAll participants were regularly using a range of different devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets and computers) and reported being comfortable doing so. Participants wanted a website that provided general nutrition information, practical advice and recipes. To enhance engagement, they sought a personalised resource that could be adjusted to suit their needs, included up‐to‐date information and allowed for easy sharing with others by exporting information as a PDF.ConclusionsParticipatory design methods generate new knowledge for designing and tailoring digital health technologies to be appropriate and useful for the target audience. Specifically, older adults seek an online resource that has large and simple fonts with clear categories, providing them with practical advice and general nutrition information that can be personalised to suit their own needs and health concerns, with the option to export and print information into a paper‐based format.Patient or Public ContributionOlder adults actively participated in the development and evaluation process to generate ideas about potential features, functionalities, uses and practicalities of an online nutrition education resource.