bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of performance and mitigate pollution of CI engine: Delonix regia biodiesel with n‐butanol and exhaust gas recirculation
Authors: Thiruselvam K. , Ganesan S. , Senthil S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe primary aim of this research study was to examine the effectiveness and environmental consequences of using Delonix regia biodiesel (DRB) in combination with butanol (BUT), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and diesel fuel (D) on a direct injection compression ignition engine operating at a constant speed. This study involved the formulation of five distinct biodiesel blends, namely DRB10% + D90%, DRB20% + D80%, DRB10% + BUT10% + D80%, DRB10% + BUT20% + D70%, and DRB20% + D80% + EGR10%. The inclusion of n‐butanol in a biodiesel blend serves to tackle the problem of inadequate combustion in fuel blends by alleviating the oxygen deficiency that occurs during the combustion process. The findings of the study revealed that the combination of DRB at 10%, BUT at 20%, and D at 70% produced in a significant reduction in specific fuel consumption (SFC) by 11.19% and brake thermal efficiency by 2.62%. Additionally, this combination led to a decrease in exhaust emissions of CO and Smoke, with the exception of HC and NOx, when compared to the use of diesel fuel. The control of HC and NOx emissions can be achieved through the implementation of an exhaust gas recirculation system. The results of this investigation suggest that Delonix regia biodiesel, in combination with a 20% concentration of n‐butanol, has potential as a viable alternative fuel choice that may be utilized without necessitating any engine modifications.
The efficacy of negative‐pressure wound therapy for head and neck wounds: A systematic review and update
Authors: Onderková Anna , Butler Peter E. M. , Kalavrezos Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the established benefits of negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in various wound healing contexts, its application in head and neck surgical cases remains under‐explored. This study aimed to systematically review its effectiveness, safety, and comparative efficacy. Thirty‐one studies from a systematic literature search were identified and analyzed for wound healing response, overall success rate, improvements compared to conventional wound care, and variation in pressure settings, treatment lengths, and dressing change frequency. NPWT showed enhanced outcomes across diverse head and neck wounds, particularly complex post‐reconstructive wounds and severe infections. Despite the predominantly case report/series evidence and lack of standardized NPWT protocols, its benefits over conventional care were clear. NPWT emerges as a promising approach for head and neck wound management, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing complications. More randomized controlled trials are needed to solidify the evidence and standardize NPWT application protocols.
Influence of forest canopy structure and wind flow on patterns of sub‐canopy snow accumulation in montane needleleaf forests
Authors: Staines Jacob , Pomeroy John W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVegetation structure is considered one of the most important factors shaping the spatial variation of snow accumulation under forest canopies. However, fine scale relationships between canopy density, snow interception, wind redistribution and sub‐canopy accumulation are poorly understood and difficult to observe, and their influence governing stand‐scale snow distributions that determine snow covered area depletion during melt is largely unknown. In this study, fine‐scale observations of forest structure and sub‐canopy snow accumulation were analysed over two mid‐winter snowfalls to a sub‐alpine forest in Marmot Creek Research Basin, Canadian Rockies, Alberta, to identify the impact of snow‐canopy interactions on spatial patterns of sub‐canopy snow accumulation. High spatial resolution (5 and 25 cm) snow accumulation estimates and canopy structure metrics were calculated from the combination of repeated UAV‐lidar observations with snow and photographic surveys, utilizing novel resampling methods including voxel ray sampling of lidar (VoxRS) to improve metric robustness and reduce bias. Over 50% of the spatial variance in forest snow accumulation was found at length scales less than 2 m, supporting the role of local scale canopy structure in governing variation in subcanopy snow accumulation. Additionally, subcanopy snow accumulation showed significant angular spread in relationships with overhead canopy structure; the vertical asymmetry coinciding with local windflow directions during snowfall. Detailed angular analysis showed nontrivial snow‐vegetation relationships that likely reflect multiple snowfall‐vegetation processes, including unloading and entrainment of intercepted snowfall during wind gusts and funnelling of entrained particles by downwind vegetation. These fine‐scale findings suggest several emergent processes which may influence snow accumulation at the scale of forest stands, with novel considerations for representing snow water equivalent distributions under dense evergreen canopies under varying environmental and canopy conditions. Similar studies over a broad range of conditions and forests will help refine and generalize the effects observed here for further snow hydrology and forestry applications.
Combined use of total glucosides of paeony and hydroxychloroquine in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Aiping , Chen Shilei , Lin Riyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of the total glucosides of paeony (TGP) combined with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) by conducting a meta‐analysis.MethodsEight databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the use of TGP combined with HCQ for pSS, which are before May 10, 2022. Meta‐analyses were performed on disappeared clinical symptoms (dry mouth and dry eyes), Schirmer's test, saliva flow test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), index of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and adverse events (AEs). The Revman 5.4 software was used for this meta‐analysis.ResultsSeven RCTs which included 632 participants were identified. The pooled results showed significant differences in clinical symptoms disappear (dry mouth and dry eyes) (p = .0004), IgM (p < .00001), IgA (p < .00001), salivary flow rate (p < .00001) and Schirmer's test (p = .02) in the comparison of TGP combined with HCQ and HCQ alone. For the IgG and ESR, both pooled and subgroup analyses showed that TGP + HCQ was superior to HCQ alone. For the safety analysis, no significant differences in AEs (p = .39) was revealed. The more frequently seen adverse reactions were diarrhea, vomit and there was no severe adverse events were reported in TGP + HCQ group.ConclusionTherefore, TGP + HCQ can be considered to be a potentially valid and safe combination for the treatment of pSS in the clinic.
Are silymarin and N‐acetylcysteine able to prevent liver damage mediated by multiple factors? Findings against ethanol plus LPS‐induced liver injury in mice
Authors: dos Santos Ana Caroline , França Tauani Caroline Santos , Venzon Larissa , Polli Vitor , Polleti Gustavo , Trembulak Erica , Pilati Sarah Freygang Mendes , da Silva Luísa Mota 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and silymarin (SIL) in the liver of mice exposed to ethanol and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Mice were divided into four groups (n = 6): naive, vehicle, NAC (200 mg/kg), and SIL (200 mg/kg). Treatments were given orally (po) once daily for 10 days. Liver injury was induced by administration of ethanol (30%, po) for 10 days, once daily, followed by a single administration of LPS (2 mg/kg, ip) 24 h before euthanasia. After the treatment period, animals were euthanized, and liver and blood samples were collected. NAC, but not SIL, prevented the increase in oxalacetic glutamic transaminase (OGT) and pyruvic glutamic transaminase (PGT) serum levels. NAC and SIL did not restore levels of reduced glutathione or hepatic malonaldehyde. The treatments with NAC or SIL showed no difference in the activity of glutathione S‐transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase compared to vehicle group. Myeloperoxidase and N‐acetylglucosaminidase activities are increased, as well as the IL‐6 and IL‐10 levels in the liver. The treatment with NAC, but not SIL, reduced the N‐acetylglucosamines activity and the IL‐6 and IL‐10 amount in the liver. Histological findings revealed microsteatosis in the vehicle group, which was not prevented by SIL but was partially reduced in animals receiving NAC. Unlike other liver injury models, NAC (200 mg/kg) or SIL (200 mg/kg) did not positively affect antioxidant patterns in liver tissue of animals exposed to ethanol plus LPS, but NAC treatment displays anti‐inflammatory properties in this model.
Neuromuscular ultrasound in leprosy: A scanning protocol
Authors: Pirola Renann , Visser Leo H. , Nasr‐Eldin Yasmin K. , Krzesniak‐Swinarska Monika , Wheat Stephen Wilkes , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe diagnosis of leprosy neuropathies has been traditionally based on clinical findings and electrodiagnostic studies, but ultrasound has emerged as a new tool for use in clinical practice. We conducted a literature search on the subject and developed a pragmatic ultrasound scanning protocol for patients with confirmed or suspected leprosy neuropathy. We suggest scanning the ulnar, median, superficial radial, common fibular and sural nerves at specific sites and assessing cross‐sectional area, vascularity, and epineural thickness. Our protocol is potentially useful in differentiating leprosy neuropathies from other demyelinating neuropathies, but its applicability and accuracy must be evaluated in different centers.
Plant exosomes fused with engineered mesenchymal stem cell‐derived nanovesicles for synergistic therapy of autoimmune skin disorders
Authors: Huang Rufan , Jia Bo , Su Dandan , Li Manchun , Xu Zhanxue , He Chao , Huang Yisheng , Fan Hang , Chen Hongbo , Cheng Fang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExisting therapeutics for autoimmune diseases remain problematic due to low efficacy, severe side effects, and difficulties to reach target tissues. Herein, we design multifunctional fusion nanovesicles that can target lesions for the treatment of autoimmune skin diseases. The grapefruit‐derived exosome‐like nanovesicles (GEVs) with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects are first encapsulated with CX5461, an immunosuppressant with anti‐proliferative properties to form GEV@CX5461. In order to enhance therapeutic efficiency and safety, GEV@CX5461 are then fused with CCR6+ nanovesicles derived from membranes of engineered gingiva‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). The resulting FV@CX5461 not only maintain the bioactivity of GEVs, CX5461, and GMSC membranes but also home to inflamed tissues rich in chemokine CCL20 through the chemotaxis function of CCR6 on FVs. Moreover, FV@CX5461 reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors, calm down Th17 cell activation, and induce Treg cell infiltration. Finally, impressive therapeutic efficiency in both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis disease models is demonstrated using FV@CX5461 to reshape the unbalanced immune microenvironment. A nanotherapeutic drug delivery strategy is developed using fusion nanovesicles derived from plant and animal cells with high clinical potential.
Persistence of UBTF tandem duplications in remission in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Harrop Sean , Nguyen Phillip C. , Byrne David , Wilson Clarissa , Ryland Georgina L. , Nguyen Tamia , Anderson Mary Ann , Khaw Seong Lin , Martin Michelle , Tiong Ing Soo , Sanij Elaine , Blombery Piers 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUBTF tandem duplications are recurrent in adult and paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia and have been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis. Co‐mutations in WT1 and FLT3 are common while morphological dysplasia is frequent. The role of UBTF‐TDs in leukemogenesis is yet to be elucidated; however they have been proposed as early initiating events, making them attractive for assessment of MRD and a potential therapeutic target. We present two cases where the UBTF‐TD was observed in remission and discuss the implications of these findings in the clinicobiological understanding of this emerging entity.
Microbial pigments: Sources, current status, future challenges in cosmetics and therapeutic applications
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Shekhar Pratyush , Kumar Vikas , Kaur Harpreet , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: October 2023

AbstractColor serves as the initial attraction and offers a pleasing aspect. While synthetic colorants have been popular for many years, their adverse environmental and health effects cannot be overlooked. This necessitates the search for natural colorants, especially microbial colorants, which have proven and more effective. Pigment‐producing microorganisms offer substantial benefits. Natural colors improve product marketability and bestow additional benefits, including antioxidant, antiaging, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. This review covers the various types of microbial pigments, the methods to enhance their production, and their cosmetic and therapeutic applications. We also address the challenges faced during the commercial production of microbial pigments and propose potential solutions.
Homogenization of daily temperatures using covariates and statistical learning—The case of parallel measurements
Authors: de Valk Cees , Brandsma Theo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA data driven method based on generalized additive modelling (GAM) has been developed for homogenizing daily minimum and maximum temperature (TN, TX) series using parallel measurements and covariates. The method is applied to two coastal and two inland stations in the Netherlands. Between 1950 and 1972, these stations were relocated from cities to airports, accompanied by parallel measurement of at least 5 years at the old and new sites. Separating these parallel measurements in training and test data, the method compares numerous models involving covariates like the wind vector, cloudiness, specific humidity and sea surface temperature, and selects a model for each station. The resulting models offer an improvement compared to models based on temperature and season only: seasonal dependence is largely replaced by dependence on physical quantities. However, quantitatively, the impact is not large in the cases studied. One of the reasons might be that some covariates have only been measured at specific times not coinciding with the occurrences of the temperature minima or maxima. Additional benefits of the method are robustness and estimation of the sampling error variance of the daily homogenized daily temperature values.
Time‐stretch Chromatic Confocal Microscopy for Multi‐Depth Imaging
Authors: Yang Xuefang , Zhang Han , Liu Zhexi , Fan Yubo , Yue Shuhua , Ma Dinglong , Chen Xun , Wang Pu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChromatic confocal technology has enabled multispectral information detection without any axial mechanical scanning. Especially, the chromatic confocal sensor is well applied in industry, such as device defect detection and ranging. However, for 3D imaging, chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM) still suffers from insufficient speed due to the slow refresh rate of a traditional spectrometer. To address this problem, a time‐stretch chromatic confocal microscopy (TSCCM) is presented for multi‐depth imaging. A supercontinuum laser is stretched and then focused on the sample using a home‐built chromatic lens, which disperses the laser to a different depth. The time‐of‐flight signal is collected by a high‐speed photodiode and is recorded and analyzed by a 3 GHz digitizer. A novel approach is achieved to significantly improve the speed of multi‐depth imaging with an up to 1 MHz A‐scan rate and 5 Hz volumetric imaging speed, which is an order faster compared with previous work of spectrometer‐based chromatic confocal microscopy. Multi‐depth volumetric imaging of nude‐mouse skin is performed to show the potential for biomedical applications. In this method, with its high A‐scan rate and multi‐depth imaging capability, a virtual tissue “light detection and ranging (LIDAR)” may be achieved.
Learning from data in dentistry: Summary of the third annual OpenWide conference
Authors: Kalenderian Elsbeth , Zouaidi Kawtar , Yeager Jan , Urata Janelle , Yansane Alfa , Tokede Bunmi , Rindal D. Brad , Spallek Heiko , White Joel , Walji Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe overarching goal of the third scientific oral health symposium was to introduce the concept of a learning health system to the dental community and to identify and discuss cutting‐edge research and strategies using data for improving the quality of dental care and patient safety. Conference participants included clinically active dentists, dental researchers, quality improvement experts, informaticians, insurers, EHR vendors/developers, and members of dental professional organizations and dental service organizations. This report summarizes the main outputs of the third annual OpenWide conference held in Houston, Texas, on October 12, 2022, as an affiliated meeting of the American Dental Association (ADA) 2022 annual conference.
3D‐Printed Methane‐Producing Electrodes for Microbial Fuel Cells Developed Using Biogel Ink Containing Live Methanogens and White Charcoal
Authors: Umetsu Masaki , Watanabe Yosuke , Ueno Masato , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Furukawa Hidemitsu , Tada Chika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMethanogens are used as catalysts for cathodes in microbial fuel cells, to reduce CO2to CH4. However, the attachment of microbes to the electrodes via culturing is time‐consuming, and inadequate biofilm formation can lead to lesser surface area coverage, resulting in reduced methane formation. This study aims to improve the production efficiency and performance of methanogen cathodes developed using 3D printing of bioink containing live methanogens. A progressive cavity pump is used for the 3D gel‐printing of methanogens and micro‐sized white charcoal particles into the desired structure. Despite the absence of anaerobic conditions during printing, the 3D‐printed cathodes with higher concentrations of microbial inoculum in the bioink produce more methane gas. Even with an unconcentrated inoculum, the methanogens multiply 800‐fold during incubation, resulting in increased methane gas production. The predominant methanogens in the electrodes included the hydrogenotrophicMethanobacteriumspp. Therefore, the technique used in this study can be used to successfully develop 3D‐printed biocathodes catalyzed by methanogenic microbes with verifiable practical applicability. This study is the first to report the growth of methanogens and their methanogenic activity in 3D‐printed cathodes.
Perspective comes with time: What do long-term egg and juvenile indices say about Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass productivity?
Authors: Uphoff James H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Three hypotheses about poor recruitment and collapse of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay during the 1970s and 1980s (excessive larval mortality related to water quality, recruitment overfishing, or a combination) emerged from intense investigations during the mid-1980s into the early 1990s. Stock collapse during the 1970s and 1980s and recovery in 1995 were largely attributed to fishing mortality and this premise largely drives management. Stock and larval habitat assessments were not available before the early 1980s and habitat assessments were discontinued after recovery. I used egg and juvenile index time-series that extended back to 1955 to test these three hypotheses about changes in productivity.

Methods
Long-term (1955–2019) indices of recruitment (juvenile index [JI]), spawning dispersion in time and space (Ep, proportion of plankton net samples with eggs), and an index of relative larval survival (RLS = JI/Ep) for spawning areas in Maryland’s portion of Chesapeake Bay were used to investigate whether larval survival patterns were stable (supported the overfishing hypothesis) or changed (supported the larval mortality hypothesis).

Result
Baywide Ep estimates were within similar higher ranges during 1957–1981 and 1989–2019, and were low enough to affect recruitment during 1982–1988. While there was a strong relationship of baywide Ep to spawning stock biomass (SSB) estimated by the stock assessment during recovery (1982–1995), estimates of Ep went from depleted to a high level earlier than SSB estimates. Estimates of postrecovery Ep and SSB were both high, but did not have a relationship. A decline in SSB that began in 2012 was not evident with Ep. A shift to low JIs in the early 1970s was followed by a decline in baywide Ep after 1979. Estimates of RLS were higher in 1960s, declined in the early to mid-1970s, were mostly low into the early 1990s, and became higher afterward. Recovery of Ep after 1988 was accompanied by recovery of larval survival a few years later. Strong correlations of juvenile indices of Striped Bass, White Perch Morone americana, and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens further supported the larval survival hypothesis; these anadromous fish share larval nurseries in space and time, but have different life histories and fisheries that make simultaneous overfishing unlikely.

Conclusion
Deterioration of larval survival initiated the collapse of Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass and improvement contributed to recovery. The hypothesis that collapse and recovery was solely driven by fishing was not supported, but excessive fishing pressure lowered Ep and SSB and contributed to poor recruitment during 1982–1988. Long-term climate patterns and warming, deterioration and improvement in acidic deposition, concurrent increases in freshwater salinization and alkalinization, and shifts in agriculture and watershed management indicated shifts in larval habitat suitability were plausible.