bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Added Sugar Intake and Arterial Stiffness in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study
Authors: The Natalie S. , Crandell Jamie L. , Liese Angela D. , Urbina Elaine M. , Couch Sarah C. , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth J. 
Published: November 2023

In the diets of youth, added sugars account for fourteen percent of total calories, with the leading source being sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB). Among youth with diabetes, fifty percent of youth with diabetes consumed SSB; additionally, higher intakes (≥1 serving per day vs. no intake) were associated with higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides. However, the relationship of added sugars on arterial stiffness in youth with diabetes is not known. We examined the association between reported added sugar intake and arterial stiffness using data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, an ongoing multi‐center observational cohort study of youth with diabetes diagnosed at < 20 years of age. Participants included those with physician‐diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) and positive diabetes autoantibody (glutamic acid decarboxylase‐65 or insulinoma‐associated‐2 autoantibodies) at enrollment (n=1,315; diabetes duration mean=10.0 months). Added sugar intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) were measured using a SphygmoCor tonometer. PWV was measured from the carotid artery to the femoral artery (PWV truck) and from the carotid artery to the radial artery (PWV arm). Separate, cross‐sectional linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between added sugar and measures of arterial stiffness. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, household income, clinic site, diabetes duration, insulin regimen, and mean arterial pressure. Additionally, models for PWV were adjusted for heart rate, and models for AIx were adjusted for height. Among youth with T1D, added sugar intake was not associated with PWV arm (β=0.0001; p=0.9) or AIx (β=0.01; p=0.2). However, added sugar intake was positively associated with PWV trunk (β=0.002; p=0.03). The differential associations between added sugar intake and the arterial stiffness measures is expected given that PWV and AIx are not interchangeable measurements. PWV trunk is considered a noninvasive gold standard of arterial stiffness and coronary artery calcification. In contrast, PWV arm is a less robust measure, but may capture peripheral vascular damage, which is common in diabetes; and AIx is a measure of both peripheral and central vascular stiffness and reflects wave reflection and systemic arterial stiffness. Our findings suggest that added sugar intake differentially affect the vascular system, with a positive association on central arterial stiffness. Further research is needed to determine the longitudinal relationship between added sugar intake and arterial stiffness and to identify why added sugar intake may differentially affect the vascular system.Support or Funding InformationNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: R01DK077949
Phytosterols Have Limited Direct Effect on Hepatocyte Transporter Expression but Synergize with Endotoxin to Enhance Kupffer Cell Inflammatory Response
Authors: Guthrie Gregory , Tackett Bryan , Stoll Barbara , Martin Camilia , Burrin Doug 
Published: November 2023

Phytosterols, non‐nutritive components of soybean oil‐based lipid emulsions (SO), have been implicated in the development of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD). Phytosterols may drive the pathogenesis of PNALD through a two‐hit mechanism: suppression of hepatic bile clearance through downregulation of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and increased hepatic inflammation. Inflammation can further suppress BSEP and potentially the ATP‐binding cassette transporters ABCG5/8, the hepatic phytosterol clearance transporter, creating a feed‐forward loop leading to further hepatic injury. Two nuclear hormone receptors, Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and Liver X Receptor (LXR) regulate bile acid metabolism and have been shown to suppress the inflammatory response. The aim of our study was to first, determine if the hepatic transport dysfunction and inflammatory response is hepatocyte independent or requires activation of the resident macrophages, Kupffer cells; second, determine if ligand‐mediated activation of FXR and LXR can restore inflammation‐induced suppression of transporter function. Preterm piglets were administered parenteral nutrition for 10 d containing SO lipid emulsion. On day 10, piglets were given an 8‐h infusion of saline or LPS (10 μg*kg−1*h−1). In a separate experiment, primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were isolated from neonatal piglets. Cells were treated with media supplemented with 1% SO with or without the addition of a phytosterol mixture containing β‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol. After incubation for 24 h, cells were additionally treated with FXR ligand Obeticholic acid (OCA), or LXR ligand GW3694 in the presence or absence of 50 ng/mL LPS or 10 ng/mL IL‐1β for 24 h. In piglets, administration of LPS lead to a significant suppression of BSEP and ABCG5/8 expression compared to saline infused piglets. In cell culture, administration of IL‐1β, but not LPS or phytosterols, led to suppression of both BSEP and ABCG5/8. In hepatocytes co‐treated with IL‐1β and OCA or GW3694, only BSEP expression was rescued. In Kupffer cells, phytosterols alone failed to activate expression of cytokines, however, when treated with both LPS and phytosterols increased cytokine expression significantly more than with LPS alone. From this study, we conclude inflammation can suppress the transporters for bile acid and phytosterol clearance. Our in vitro data shows that Kupffer cells are susceptible to enhanced activation of cytokine expression by phytosterols when cells are primed with LPS. These results suggest that phytosterols may contribute to the progression of liver disease through inflammation.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Rhoads Research Foundation, National Institute of Health Grant DK‐094616
Vitamin A Supplementation Redirects the Flow of Retinyl Esters from Peripheral to Central Organs in Neonatal Rats Raised under Vitamin A‐Marginal Conditions
Authors: Hodges Joanna K. , Tan Libo , Green Michael H , Ross A. Catharine 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundVitamin A (VA, retinol) supplementation is used to reduce child mortality in countries with high rates of malnutrition. Existing research suggests that neonates (<1 mo old) may have a limited capacity to store VA in organs other than the liver; however, the knowledge about VA distribution and kinetics in individual non‐hepatic organs is limited.ObjectiveWe examined retinol uptake and turnover in non‐hepatic organs, including the skin, brain and adipose tissue, in neonatal rats without and after VA supplementation in the amount equivalent to that which has been given to human infants.MethodsSprague‐Dawley neonatal rats (n = 104) were nursed by mothers fed a VA‐marginal diet (0.35 mg retinol/kg diet) and treated on postnatal day (P) 4 with an oral dose of either VA (6 μg retinyl palmitate/g body weight) or canola oil (control), both containing 1.8 μCi of [3H]retinol. Subsequently, pups (n = 4/group/time) were euthanized at 13 times from 30 min to 24 d after dosing. The fractional and absolute transfer of chylomicron retinyl esters (CM‐REs), retinol‐binding protein‐bound retinol (RBP‐ROH) and total retinol were estimated in WinSAAM.ResultsVA supplementation redirected the flow of CM‐REs from peripheral to central organs and accumulated mainly in the liver. The RBP‐ROH released from the liver was acquired mainly by the peripheral tissues but not retained efficiently causing repeated recycling of retinol between plasma and tissues (541 vs. 5 times in the supplemented vs. control group) and its rapid turnover in all organs, except the brain and white adipose tissue. Retinol stores in the liver lasted for ~2 weeks before being gradually transferred to other organs.ConclusionsVitamin A supplementation administered in a single high dose during the first few days after birth is readily acquired but not retained in the peripheral tissues of neonatal rats suggesting that a more frequent, lower‐dose supplementation may be necessary to maintain adequate VA levels in the rapidly developing neonatal organs.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH grant HD‐066982
Modeling the gut microbiota with mathematical ecology
Authors: Xavier Joao 
Published: November 2023

The symbiotic microbes that make up our gut microbiota protect us against pathogens of the intestinal tract. The microbiota suffers, however, when we take antibiotics to treat infections: antibiotics harm the protective symbionts, increasing the risk of gut infection by antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. We developed mathematical models of microbiota ecology to understand this paradox. We confronted our models' findings with a large longitudinal dataset from more than 1,000 hospitalized Memorial‐Sloan Kettering patients. The models described how the symbionts interact with each other to make a protective microbiota, how antibiotics perturb those interactions and how a perturbed microbiota increases the risk of infection by an antibiotic‐resistant pathogen. The realization that ecology can explain protection against infection has the potential to impact the rational design of antibiotic therapies and of microbiota transplants aimed to reduce the risk, or even treat, antibiotic‐resistant infections.Support or Funding InformationNIH/NIAID: 1 U01 AI124275 01
Do Child Eating Behaviors Moderate Relationships Between Food Parenting Practices and Child Food Preferences?
Authors: Vollmer Rachel L , Baietto Jamey 
Published: November 2023

A majority of existing cross‐sectional studies examine the relationship between food parenting practices and child weight status, but this has been proposed not to be indicative of obesity risk, and therefore, food preferences may provide a better prediction of what a child may consume, and thus, obesity risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between food parenting practices and child fruit, vegetable, and high fat/sugar food preferences and how child eating behavior moderate those relationships. Parents (n=148) of children (3–7 years old) completed the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ), the Preschool Adapted Food Liking Scale (PALS), and the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Linear regressions were used to test the study purpose with race, ethnicity, and income as covariates. Child control of eating was negatively associated with a child's preference for fruit (B= −8.16, p=.02) and child involvement was positively related to child preference for vegetables (β = .18, p = .04). Child preference for high fat/sugar foods was positively associated with parental use of food to regulate child emotions (B=10.53, p<.01), food as a reward (B=7.21, p < .001), pressure (B=5.07, p = .04), and restriction of unhealthy food (B=5.82, p = .01), and negatively associated with healthy home environment (B=−5.79, p = .05), modeling (B= −7.67, p = .01), and teaching about nutrition (B = −7.51, p = .01). Interaction models revealed that child food responsiveness moderated the relationships between parental pressure (B=7.32, p=.01) and food as reward (B=5.24, p=.02) and child preference for high fat/sugar foods. Specifically, high child food responsiveness exacerbated the relationship between pressure to eat and food as a reward and child preference for high/fat sugar foods. This study provides evidence that the effect of food parenting practices may be dependent upon child eating behaviors.Support or Funding InformationThis project was funding by Illinois State University College of Applied Science and Technology University Research Grant.
What Monitoring Strategies Are Most Successful For Promoting Weight Loss?
Authors: Jospe Michelle R , Roy Melyssa , Brown Rachel C , Williams Sheila M , Osborne Hamish R , Meredith‐Jones Kim A , McArthur Jenny R , Fleming Elizabeth E , Taylor Rachael W 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesWhile tracking progress is one of the strongest predictors of success in healthy eating and physical activity interventions, it is uncertain whether it matters which behavior (diet, activity or weight) is being tracked. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of four different monitoring strategies on weight loss, body composition, blood markers, and psychosocial indices in overweight and obese adults undertaking a 12‐month weight loss program.Methods250 overweight or obese adults were randomized to track either a) their weight daily, b) dietary intake using My Fitness Pal, c) hunger (using a novel method called “hunger training”), d) progress via regular face‐to‐face meetings, or a control group for 12 months. All participants received diet and exercise advice and 171 participants completed the study.ResultsAll groups lost weight over the course of the intervention (typically 3.9–6.8kg) with no difference between the intervention groups and the control (all p ≥ 0.084). However, participants who tracked hunger lost significantly more weight at 1‐year than those who tracked dietary intake (3.2kg, 0.1–6.4kg, p=0.046), or who met regularly with a support person (2.9kg, 95% CI 0.8–5.1kg, p=0.008). Few significant differences were observed in eating behavior (all p≥0.111), although the face‐to‐face and hunger tracking groups reported more favorable effects on depression and anxiety at 1‐year than control participants. Adherence to the monitoring strategies (% recommended days) ranged from 29.6% for hunger training to 63.6% for attendance at the monthly face‐to‐face sessions.ConclusionsDaily tracking of weight, food, or hunger, or regular face‐to‐face support did not result in significantly greater weight loss compared with diet and exercise advice alone. However tracking hunger may be a promising approach for encouraging weight loss.Support or Funding InformationUniversity of Otago Research Grant
Differences Between Organic and Conventionally Produced Milk Reduce When Both Systems Use Pasture‐feeding
Authors: Schwendel Brigitte H. , Wester Timothy J. , Morel Patrick C.H. , Fong Bertram , Tavendale Michael H. , Deadman Craig , Shadbolt Nicola M. , Otter Don E. 
Published: November 2023

Milk fatty acid (FA) composition has been the main focus of comparisons between organic and conventionally produced milk. In addition, studies commonly report on differences in FA composition between grazed organic cows and housed, concentrate‐fed conventional cows. Our study investigated two farms sets, consisting of one organic and one conventional farm respectively, with each set managed similarly at the same location. We accounted for known influence factors on milk composition and selected farms that utilized Jersey×Holstein‐Friesian cows being fed > 95% forage. We investigated whether individual farm characteristics or farm system (organic or conventional) had greater influence on milk composition. Milk samples of all four farms where collected throughout the milking season (1–2 per week) and analysed for milk FA, major casein and whey proteins, free oligosaccharides, and milk fat volatiles. We demonstrated that FA composition, especially vaccenic acid, α‐linolenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid was influenced by the farm system, independent of the farm set, as a consequence of differences in nitrogen fertilizer application. Similar to FA, system effects were observed for half of the observed oligosaccharides, however, these results cannot be explained at present and further research into the influence factors of individual bovine oligosaccharides is needed. Farm set was the dominant influence factor on protein composition, predominantly as a result of differences in pasture composition, while neither system nor farm altered milk fat volatile composition. Our observations show that individual milk compounds are affected differently by farm and system effects, and no comprehensive, universal conclusions can be drawn on differences in chemical composition between organic and conventional milk.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by grants from Fonterra Cooperative Group Limited (New Zealand), Ministry of Science and Innovation (New Zealand), and the Agricultural and Marketing Research and Development Trust (AGMARDT; New Zealand)
Nanoparticles encapsulated with resveratrol induce browning of white adipocytes
Authors: Overby Haley , Zu Yujiao , Wang Shu , Zhao Ling 
Published: November 2023

Functional brown adipose tissue, including classical brown adipocytes and brown‐like or beige adipocytes, which develop within white adipose tissue (WAT) in response to various stimuli, has emerged as novel targets for obesity treatment and prevention. Through browning process, beige adipocytes are induced to express UCP‐1 and become capable of thermogenesis. Identifying nutritional strategies that increase UCP‐1 and induce browning within white adipocytes is key to unlocking browning potential. Resveratrol (Res) is a well‐known polyphenol found in the skins of grapes and other fruits such as berries with anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐carcinogenic properties. Nanotechnology has shown great promise in encapsulating polyphenols, such as Res, to increase their solubility and stability, consequently, bioactivities. In this study, Res encapsulated in biocompatible and biodegradable lipid nanoparticles (Nano‐Res) or liposomes (Lipo‐Res), along with free Res (Res) and their respective controls (Nano‐Void or Lipo‐Void respectively) were tested at three doses (5, 10, 20 μM) in 3T3‐L1 mouse pre‐adipocytes in a 7‐day differentiation process. At the end of differentiation, the cells were subjected to thermogenic activation by isoproterenol (ISO), a β‐adrenergic receptor agonist, or the control for 6 hours. Cytotoxicity of the treatments and mRNA expression of UCP‐1, brown (PPARγ, PGC1α, PRDM16, and Cidea), beige (CD137 and Tmem26), and white marker genes (IGFBP3), as well as mitochondria related genes (Cox4a, Uqrch, Nrf, and Tfam) were measured. We report that none of the treatments showed signs of cytotoxicity at 24‐hrs and minimal toxicity at 72‐hrs. Lipo‐Res and Nano‐Res significantly induced dose‐dependent increase of UCP‐1 mRNA expression under ISO stimulated conditions compared to the controls (p<0.05). At the low dose of 5 μM Lipo‐Res significantly stimulated UCP‐1 to a higher level than free Res (p<0.05). Under both basal (non‐ISO stimulated) and ISO stimulated conditions, both Lipo‐Res and Nano‐Res dose‐dependently decreased WAT marker IGFBP3 mRNA (p<0.05) while simultaneously increasing mRNA of beige marker CD137 and brown markers PRDM16 (p<0.05). Interestingly, Lipo‐Res significantly increased Cidea expression in ISO‐stimulated conditions (p<0.05); however, Nano‐Res (and Nano‐Void) decreased Cidea expression (p<0.05). Other beige markers and mitochondrial structural genes were increased by encapsulated Res, but did not reach significance compared to the controls. Taken together, our results demonstrate that nanoencapsulation enhances Res's bioactivities in inducing browning of white adipocytes. Our results point towards promising nutritional strategies for obesity treatment and prevention.Support or Funding InformationThe work has been supported by NIH 1R15AT008733 award.
Anthocyanin profiles and contents in processed raspberries on the US market
Authors: Wu Xianli , Sun Jianghao , Ahuja Jaspreet , Haytowitz David B , Burton‐Freeman Britt , Chen Pei , Pehrsson Pamela R 
Published: November 2023

Raspberries rank as the third most popular berry in the United States. Consumption of raspberries has steadily increased over the last decade in the US. Growing awareness of their nutrient density and potential health benefits of bioactive compounds including anthocyanins (ACNs) has aided this pattern. Processed raspberries are frequently used in commercial applications due to their ease of use, longer shelf‐life and peak ripeness. However, there is only limited data on ACNs in processed raspberries. In this study, ACN profiles and contents in common processed forms of raspberries (frozen, juice concentrate and puree (seeded and seedless)) on the US market were investigated. Thirty‐four nationally representative samples, including domestic and imported, were purchased either at supermarkets according to the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) sampling plan or by arrangement with individual raspberry processors. The ACN analyses were performed in a HPLC‐MS system. In total, seven cyanidin or pelargonidin glycoside were identified and quantified, though different samples contained 4 to 5 of them. Cyanidin‐3‐O‐sophoroside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were the primary ACNs detected in all samples. The ACN profiles and contents varied within the same type of processed samples and between the different processed types of raspberries. Five ACN profiles were observed in 18 frozen raspberry samples, and their total ACN contents ranged from 14.38 ± 0.81 to 38.43 ± 2.75 mg fresh weight (FW)/100 g. Four raspberry juice concentrates were found to contain the same ACNs, and the total ACN contents ranged from 30.96 ± 5.34 to 62.29 ± 3.37 mg FW/100 g. Four ACN profiles were observed in 12 raspberry puree samples and their total ACN contents ranged from 10.89 ± 0.94 to 27.11 ± 1.15 mg FW/100 g. In conclusion, seven individual ACNs of either cyanidin or pelargonidin parent structures were identified in nationally representative processed raspberry samples. The ACN profiles varied slightly but contents varied considerably among these samples, which may reflect differences in varieties, origins, processing methods and or other influential factors.Support or Funding InformationSupported by National Processed Raspberry Council
Synergistic Effects of Platelet Activating Factor and TNF‐α in Promoting Intestinal Epithelial Migration and Mucosal Wound Repair
Authors: Siuda Dorothée , Quirós Miguel , O'Leary Monique , Brazil Jennifer , Hinrichs Benjamin , Neish Andrew , Parkos Charles , Nusrat Asma 
Published: November 2023

The epithelial barrier plays a pivotal role in controlling mucosal homeostasis. In response to injury, epithelial cells migrate and proliferate to cover denuded mucosal surfaces. Inflammatory mediators released at sites of mucosal injury by infiltrating immune cells and the epithelium have been proposed to influence wound repair mechanisms. We observed upregulation of pro‐inflammatory mediators Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF‐α) in healing colonic mucosal wounds. PAF signaling in epithelial cells is mediated by a G‐protein coupled receptor, platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR). In vitro studies demonstrated that PAFR signaling in response to PAF promotes intestinal epithelial cell migration and wound repair by the generation of reactive oxygen species and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at sites of cell‐matrix contacts. Epithelial pro‐repair properties of PAF were markedly augmented by exposure to TNF‐α and IFN‐γ and mechanistically linked to cytokine‐enhanced expression of epithelial PAFR. Complementary in vivo analyses of biopsy induced colonic mucosal wound closure revealed delayed mucosal wound healing in PAFR−/− mice compared to wildtype mice. These results support a pro‐repair effect of PAFR signaling in intestinal mucosal wounds that is potentiated by inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α and IFN‐γ signaling. Our findings delineate a novel cross‐talk between PAFR and pro‐inflammatory cytokines at sites of mucosal wounds that serves to coordinate epithelial repair and restore the mucosal barrier integrity.Support or Funding InformationR01‐DK089763‐05A1: Formyl peptide receptors as mediators of intestinal mucosal homeostasis, National Institutes of Health; SI2282/1‐1, German Research Foundation