bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment with plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin in pregnancies complicated with anti‐PP1Pk or anti‐K immunization: a report of two patients
Authors: Fernández‐Jiménez M. C. , Jiménez‐Marco M. T. , Hernández D. , González A. , Omeñaca F. , De La Cámara C. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesIn addition to anti‐D alloantibody, other antibodies such as anti‐K antibody and anti‐PP1Pk antibody have been reported to cause severe haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). HDN caused by anti‐K results not only from destruction of red cells but also from suppression of erythropoiesis. Anti‐PP1Pk has been associated with abortion early in pregnancy. We report on two patients, one with anti‐PP1Pk and the other with anti‐K, who were treated with plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) during pregnancy in an attempt to reduce the plasma antibody levels.Materials and MethodsThe patient with anti‐PP1Pk had lost all seven previous fetuses in the first trimester and therefore therapy in this patient was started at 8 weeks of gestation. The second patient had been sensitized to the K antigen through blood transfusion and had had two intrauterine fetal deaths at 26 weeks of gestation with signs of hydrops fetalis. Treatment in this patient was started during the 16th week of pregnancy.ResultsAs a result of therapy, the antibody titre was reduced in both patients. In the first patient a healthy infant was delivered by Caesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation. The second patient gave birth at 36 weeks of gestation. Neither newborn required exchange transfusion.ConclusionsIn our two patients, plasmapheresis combined with IVIG proved successful in the management of fetomaternal incompatibilities where the mechanism of fetal loss differs from the classical anti‐D.
Effects of solvent/detergent‐treated plasma and fresh‐frozen plasma on haemostasis and fibrinolysis in complex coagulopathy following open‐heart surgery
Authors: Haubelt H. , Blome M. , Kiessling A. H. , Isgro F. , Bach J. , Saggau W. , Hellstern P. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives Solvent/detergent‐treated plasma (SDP) contains markedly lower protein S (PS) and plasmin inhibitor (PI) activity than standard fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP). It has also been reported that SDP contains no α1‐antitrypsin. Despite the lack of clinical data, it is suspected that SDP may be less effective than FFP in the treatment of complex coagulopathies. We therefore conducted a prospective trial to study the impact of SDP and FFP on haemostasis and fibrinolysis in complex coagulopathy after open‐heart surgery.Materials and Methods Patients received either 600 ml of SDP (n = 36) or 600 ml of FFP (n = 31) at an infusion rate of 30 ml/min. The following parameters were measured before treatment and 60 min after termination of plasma infusion: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin, protein C (PC), free PS and PS activity, prothrombin fragments F1+2 (F1+2), d‐dimers (DD), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), plasmin–plasmin inhibitor complexes (PPI), plasminogen, PI and α1‐antitrypsin.Results The rise in fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin, PC, free PS, α1‐antitrypsin and plasminogen, and the decrease in PT and APTT, did not significantly differ between the two study arms. However, PS activity did not increase after SDP infusion but did show a significant elevation after infusion with FFP. PI declined significantly after SDP and remained uninfluenced by FFP. Neither SDP nor FFP had any significant influence on F1+2, DD or FDP. However, a significant decrease in PPI levels caused by both types of plasma indicated a reduction in hyperfibrinolysis. Clinical haemostasis evaluation revealed no significant difference between the two treatment regimens. No adverse reactions were observed.Conclusion With the exception of PS and PI, SDP and FFP improved haemostasis and fibrinolysis to a similar degree. The clinical significance of these findings has to be determined in patients with severe acquired PS and PI deficiency requiring plasma transfusions.
Quality control of leucoreduced cellular blood components in France
Authors: Chabanel A. , Andreu G. , Carrat F. , Hervé P. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives Since 1 April 1998, all cellular blood components in France have been leucoreduced. The current French standard is < 1 × 106 white blood cells (WBC) per unit with a 95% confidence that at least 97% of units will meet this standard.Materials and methods Quality control (QC) data for leucoreduced cellular blood components were collected from the 41 French blood centres over a 5‐month period. Conformance to the standard was determined using a non‐parametric approach.Results More than 98% of the 15 286 red cell concentrates and of the 2895 platelet concentrates tested had < 1 × 106 WBC per unit. One filtration device gave unsatisfactory results and its use was discontinued.Conclusion This QC survey shows an overall compliance with the standard. The data illustrate the practical value of identifying devices or centres with consistent QC problems.
Cytokine release in febrile non‐haemolytic red cell transfusion reactions
Authors: Lin J.‐S. , Tzeng C.‐H. , Hao T.‐C. , Hu H.‐Y. , Ho Y.‐T. , Lyou J.‐Y. , Liu J. M. , Ho C.‐H. , Yung C.‐H. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives The aim of this study was to elucidate the role and identity of cytokines involved in febrile non‐haemolytic red cell transfusion reactions (FNHTRs).Materials and Methods Eighty‐one patients experiencing transfusion reactions after receiving packed red blood cells (RBCs) were divided into three groups, as follows, based on the reaction experienced: FNHTRs (n = 60); chills without fever (n = 8); and allergic reaction with urticaria (n = 13). The concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were measured in the packed transfused unit and patients’ plasma by using enzyme immunoassays. Wilcoxon’s matched‐pairs signed test was used to compare the difference in cytokine levels in patients’ plasma before and after transfusion. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used first, followed by the Mann–Whitney test, to compare the pretransfusion cytokine levels in patients’ plasma between groups and to compare the cytokine levels in packed RBCs transfused to each group of patients.Results The age of the implicated packed RBC was 11·5 ± 5·7 days. Significant increases were observed in IL‐6 (P < 0·001) and IL‐8 (P < 0·001) patients’ plasma levels, but not in IL‐1β or TNF‐α levels, in those patients exhibiting FNHTR. No changes were observed in the patients’ plasma samples of the other groups. Cytokine levels in the RBC concentrate supernatants were not appreciably elevated.Conclusions Transfusion of packed RBCs may significantly increase intravascular levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in patients with FNHTRs.
RHCE‐D‐CEhybrid genes can cause false‐negative DNA typing of the Rh e antigen
Authors: Hundhausen T. , Petershofen E. K. , Doescher A. , Bauerfeind U. , Müller T. H. , Schunter F. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesDNA typing of the human Rh blood groups generally shows good agreement with serologically defined phenotypes. However, in the present report we describe four individuals who were declared Rh e negative by genotyping although they express the Rh e antigen.Materials and MethodsSerotyping was performed using mono‐ and polyclonal Rh antisera. Fluorescent multiplex sequence‐specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR–SSPs) identifiedRHDexons and the polymorphisms usually associated with the Rh E/e or Rh C/c/Cwantigens. Additional PCR amplification reactions, which were carried out to revealRHCE‐D‐CEhybrid genes, analysed exon 5 of theRHgenes, the location of the polymorphism (676C→G) coding for the Rh E and Rh e antigens.ResultsFour individuals were identified who expressed Rh e antigens but were negative by PCR–SSP typing for commonRhe‐coding sequences. In one family analysed in detail, anRHCE‐D5‐CEhybrid gene associated with Rh e antigen expression was identified. A concomitantRHcEallele accounted for a seemingly regular typing pattern by conventionalRHPCR.ConclusionsThe presence ofRHCE‐D5‐CEhybrid alleles may cause false‐negative DNA‐typing results for the Rh e antigen that are easily overlooked unless appropriateRHhybrid PCR–SSPs are incorporated into conventional DNA‐typing protocols. These and previous data strongly caution against an uncritical interpretation ofRHDNA‐typing results.
Inactivation of pathogens in platelet concentrates by using a two‐step procedure
Authors: Mohr H. , Redecker‐Klein A. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesPlatelet concentrates are contaminated with residual leucocytes and may also be infected with viruses and bacteria. We investigated whether these pathogens can be inactivated by a two‐step procedure comprising photodynamic treatment in the presence of the phenothiazine dye, thionine, followed by irradiation with ultraviolet light (UV‐B, wavelength range 290–330 nm).Materials and MethodsPlatelet concentrates were prepared from buffy coats. The concentrates were spiked with different viruses, bacteria and leucocytes, then illuminated with yellow light in the presence of thionine at dye concentrations between 1 and 5 µmand with UV‐B at doses up to 2·4 J/cm2. The infectivity of samples and the viability of leucocytes were assayed before and after treatment. The influence of treatment onin vitroplatelet function was also examined.ResultsThe inactivation of free viruses in platelet concentrates by photodynamic treatment with thionine/light was significantly enhanced when it was followed by irradiation with UV‐B. The inactivation of leucocytes and of bacteria by UV‐B was improved when it was preceded by thionine/light. Sterile platelet concentrates were prepared from buffy coats infected withStaphylococcus epidermidis. Platelet function and the storage stability of platelet concentrates were only moderately influenced by the two decontamination steps.ConclusionsPhotodynamic treatment in the presence of the phenothiazine dye, thionine, followed by low‐dose UVB, has the potential to inactivate viruses, leucocytes and bacteria, which might contaminate platelet concentrates. Both treatments complement each other.
Successful ventilatory management of post‐anesthetic airway collapse and hypoxemia in a dog
Authors: Aldrich Janet , Hopper Kate , Johnson Lynelle , Haskins Steve 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To report a life‐threatening complication (airway collapse) associated with a common procedure (anesthesia) and to describe its successful management.Case Summary:A dog without pre‐existing signs of respiratory disease developed hypoxemia and severe atelectasis in the post‐anesthetic recovery period and was demonstrated, by bronchoscopic examination, to have severe airway collapse. Mechanical ventilation was used to re‐expand collapsed lung units and to prevent re‐collapse. A ventilation strategy designed to minimize airway and alveolar trauma was used. The dog was successfully weaned from the ventilator and made a full recovery.Unique Information Provided:Acute, severe hypoxemia due to airway collapse occurred in the post‐operative period in a dog with no signs of pre‐existing respiratory disease. The dog was successfully managed with short‐term mechanical ventilation. High frequency jet ventilation was used for a diagnostic bronchoscopy.
The role of albumin replacement in the critically ill veterinary patient
Authors: Mazzaferro Elisa M. , Rudloff Elke , Kirby Rebecca 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To review the human and veterinary literature on the physiological role and effects of therapeutic albumin supplementation.Data sources:Data from human and veterinary literature was reviewed.Human data synthesis:Hypoalbuminemia often occurs in a variety of critical illnesses, and contributes to the development of life‐threatening complications, including pulmonary edema, delayed wound healing, feeding intolerance, hypercoaguability, and multiple organ dysfunction. Serum albumin concentration has been used as a prognostic indicator in cases of chronic hypoalbuminemia. The use of albumin replacement therapy in humans is sometimes controversial, but may be associated with improved morbidity and decreased mortality.Veterinary data synthesis:Unlike human literature, there is a paucity of controlled clinical studies in the literature regarding albumin supplementation in veterinary patients. Rather, the majority of published studies were performed in experimental animals or via retrospective analyses. One recent study evaluated the use of plasma to improve albumin concentration in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. Other older studies investigated wound healing in dogs with experimentally induced hypoalbuminemia. As in human medicine, serum albumin concentration may be helpful as a prognostic indicator in critically ill dogs.Conclusion:Albumin is one of the most important proteins in the body because of its role in maintenance of colloid oncotic pressure, substrate transport, buffering capacity, as a mediator of coagulation and wound healing, and free‐radical scavenging. Albumin replacement in veterinary medicine is difficult, but until prospective clinical trials determine the efficacy of albumin replacement are conducted, a suggested clinical guideline would be to maintain albumin concentration at or above 2.0 g/dl utilizing fresh frozen plasma.
Flag Leaf Senescence, as Evaluated by Numerical Image Analysis, and its Relationship with Yield under Drought in Durum Wheat
Authors: Hafsi M. , Mechmeche W. , Bouamama L. , Djekoune A. , Zaharieva M. , Monneveux P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSenescence was evaluated at different stages of the grain‐filling period in eight durum wheat varieties using numerical image analysis (NIA). The varieties were grown under early, severe drought conditions on the high plains of Sétif in Algeria. After flowering, three different irrigation treatments were applied. Treatment effect was small, while a genotypic effect was noted for most of the senescence parameters. Senescence correlated to biomass, while the maximal rate of senescence, Vsmax, correlated to thousand‐kernel weight. The potential of the method of numerical image analysis for monitoring flag leaf senescence, detecting genotypic variability and selecting genotypes with delayed senescence is discussed.
Stability and Adaptability of Cultivars in Non‐balanced Yield Trials. Comparison of Methods for Selecting ‘High Oleic’ Sunflower hybrids for Grain Yield and Quality
Authors: Lu´quez J. E. , Aguirrezábal L. A. N. , Agüero M. E. , Pereyra V. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe best‐yielding and most stable cultivars are identified by growing cultivars in different environments. The stability of grain‐quality traits has been less thoroughly investigated than the stability of grain yield. High‐oleic hybrids of sunflower have been available on the Argentinian seed market for several years. Research on the stability of these genotypes is scarce. The objectives of this work were (i) to compare, using three different methods, the stability and adaptability of high‐oleic hybrids for grain yield and oil and oleic acid contents, and (ii) to explore the advantages and disadvantages of each method in selecting stable or adapted genotypes with high grain yield and high quality. Stability and adaptability analyses were performed on results for grain yields and oil and oleic acid contents of 35 high‐oleic sunflower hybrids from 17 comparative yield trials conducted over 2 years in Argentina. Stability was estimated using two methods: Fisher's protected least significant difference (LSD) test, which compared hybrids with the best‐yielding hybrid in each environment, and the test of relative yield (RY), which uses standard deviation as the measure of stability. Adaptability was estimated using Piepho's method of ‘multiple comparisons with the best’. These three methods can be applied to unbalanced data. Piepho's method made little discrimination amongst the hybrids. The LSD and RY tests coincided in classifying the hybrids as stable and unstable in 85 % of cases for grain yield and 76 % for oil content. It is concluded that the most convenient method depends on characteristics of the experimental design and of variability of the evaluated trait. Results from the LSD test depend on the number of environments in which the cultivar is tested. The RY method is valuable for classifying some cultivars as high‐yielding and stable, avoiding the problem of high‐yielding environments biasing the general average. Use of both methods together could be effective for classifying hybrids when the number of environments is adequate.
Photobiologische Unkrautregulierung annueller Ackerunkräuter
Authors: Juroszek P. , Gerhards R. , Kühbauch W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhotocontrol of weed germination of arable annual weedsField studies were conducted to test the effect of light during soil tillage on the emergence of common weed species. Soil tillage was conducted at night or during daylight. In 20 out of a total of 23 field experiments, weed density after nighttime tillage was reduced compared to conventional daytime tillage. The average reduction of weed density attributable to photocontrol was 28.4 %. Results of field trials in the literature suggest that the emergence of Chenopodium album, Matricaria species and Stellaria media is especially reduced by nighttime tillage practices, but photocontrol had almost no effect on the emergence of Galium aparine and Polygonum convolvulus. The level of reduction of weed emergence after nighttime tillage was very variable. Important factors affecting this variation were: (1) the different light sensitivities of weed species, (2) the different light sensitivities of populations within one species, (3) the dormancy status of the seeds in a natural seed bank, and (4) the variation of light sensitivity of seeds.
Annual Medicago as a Smother Crop in Soybean
Authors: Sheaffer C. C. , Gunsolus J. L. , Grimsbo Jewett J. , Lee S. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUse of conservation tillage and narrow row spacing in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production has led to increased use of herbicides for weed control. Some producers are seeking alternative weed control methods, such as smother crops, that would reduce dependence on chemical weed control. A successful smother crop must compete strongly with weeds but minimally with the crop. In four environments, we intercropped three annual Medicago spp. (medics) with soybean to test their utility as a smother crop for weed control. Annual medics were intercropped with soybean at rates of 0, 85, 258, or 775 seeds m−2, and the intercrops were grown with and without weed control. Increasing medic seeding rate decreased weed yields but also reduced soybean herbage and grain yields. For the weed‐controlled treatment, average soybean grain yields declined 7 kg ha−1 for every 10 seeds m−2 increase in medic seeding rate. Soybean grain yield was lower when grown with Medicago scutellata L. cv. Sava than when grown with Medicago polymorpha L. cv. Santiago or Medicago lupilina L. cv. George. Soybean grain yield was negatively related (r=−81) to medic herbage production. In the autumn following soybean harvest, medic residue ranged from 200 to 3700 kg ha−1 depending on the location and seeding rate. Medics provided residue for soil protection, suppressed weeds, but also reduced soybean yields.
Influence of Rhizosphere Ionic Strength on Mineral Composition, Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value of Forage Chicory
Authors: Neel J. P. S. , Alloush G. A. , Belesky D. P. , Clapham W. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAnimal manure and urine deposition can cause localized patches of high ionic strength (IS) soil in pastures, influencing plant production, nutritive value and sward composition. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) appears to thrive in high‐nutrient input situations, but no information is available on chicory response to increasing IS. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the effect of rhizosphere ionic strength (0.9, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 dS m−1) on productivity and nutritive value of chicory. Dry matter production decreased linearly as IS increased. Shoot concentrations for Ca, Na and Cl increased as IS increased. All mineral concentrations, except Cu, were substantially higher than or equal to the highest concentrations reported for forages. At all IS, nitrate‐N and K exceeded maximum recommendation for ruminant diets. The sodium level could be high enough to reduce dry matter intake at the highest IS level. Crude protein and energy estimates indicate chicory would support production levels equivalent to those of other high‐quality forages. In vitro organic matter disappearance increased as IS increased. Chicory as a component of a forage mixture could help stabilize forage yield in pastures and also shows promise for use as a nutrient mop in feedlot areas, where excess soil nutrients are a problem.
Free amino acids in plasma of neonatal calves are influenced by feeding colostrum for different durations or by feeding only milk replacer1
Authors: Hammon H. M. , Blum J. W. 
Published: March 2003

Introduction  Newborn development is characterized by high protein synthesis and nitrogen (N) turnover rates in many tissues, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (G
oldspink and K
elly 1984; Y
oung et al. 1988; S
immen et al. 1990; X
u 1996). Colostrum provides particularly large amounts of nutrients (especially proteins) and immunoglobulins as well as non‐nutrient growth‐promoting factors; it therefore plays a major role in the development of the neonatal gut, especially protein synthesis, and other organs, as shown in several species including cattle (B
erseth et al. 1983; P
atureau M
irand et al. 1990; C
ampana and B
aumrucker 1995; O
dle et al. 1996; X
u 1996; B
urrin et al. 1997). Rates of body protein synthesis and N turnover were greater during enteral than during parenteral feeding, indicating considerable involvement of the GI tract in protein metabolism (D
uffy and P
encharz 1986).Protein components in colostrum provided about 35% of amino acids (AA) in newborn lambs, suggesting that amounts of ingested protein with colostrum greatly influence the AA status of the neonate (Y von et al. 1993). Glutamine and glutamate are the most abundant AA in bovine milk protein (M
eijer et al. 1993) and glutamine is of special interest for postnatal gut development (S
ouba 1991; K
imura 1996; H
eird 1998). The glutamine:glutamate ratio was markedly changed in neonatal calves (D
emign&
eacute; and R&
eacute;
m&
eacute;
sy 1979) after colostrum intake.Recently, we have demonstrated that gut growth and absorptive capacity of the intestine, as well as metabolic and endocrine changes in newborn calves, are greatly dependent on amounts of ingested colostrum (H ammon and B
lum 1997, 1998; B&
uuml;
hler et al. 1998). Based on that AA absorption, metabolism and status may be influenced by amounts of fed colostrum. Therefore in this study we have tested the hypothesis that feeding colostrum for different durations, or feeding only milk replacer, affects plasma protein and free AA concentrations during the first week of life in calves.