bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis in diagnosis by real‐time polymerase chain reaction versus direct microscopy, culture, and histology in fungal infections of the nails, scalp, and skin
Authors: Vazheva Gergana , Zisova Liliya , Miteva‐Katrandzhieva Tsonka , Dichev Valentin , Chonov Veselin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of superficial fungal infections is the subject of intensive research in many countries around the world. The diagnostic methods used are diverse, including both conventional and innovative techniques.MethodsThis study evaluates the sensitivity, specificity, and efficacy of the real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology and compares them with those of the conventional methods – direct microscopic, cultural, and histological examinations of materials from hair, skin, and nails – in order to demonstrate the benefits and significance of real‐time PCR for the diagnosis of dermatophytic infections.ResultsThe values obtained for the sensitivity, specificity, and efficacy of direct microscopic, cultural, histological, and real‐time PCR studies are as follows: 63.71, 88.89, and 72.96% (P < 0.001); 58.06, 100, and 73.47% (P < 0.001); 85.96, 100, and 90.70% (P < 0.001); 88.52, 100, and 92.63% (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe use of real‐time PCR in the diagnosis of dermatophytic infections is a relatively new approach in mycology and is subject to testing and experience from its use. The results are promising, but the method has not yet established itself as a new gold standard in the diagnosis of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes, though its application would be very useful in identifying isolates without conidiogenesis or absence of growth.
Unrepresented human leucocyte antigen alleles in single‐antigen bead assays: A single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Ho Quan Yao , Phang Chew Yen , Liew Ian Tatt , Lai May Ling , Tien Carolyn Shan‐Yeu , Thangaraju Sobhana , Chan Marieta , Kee Terence 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles may generate antibodies that are undetectable by routine single‐antigen beads (SABs) assays if their unique epitopes are unrepresented. We aimed to describe the prevalence and explore the potential impact of unrepresented HLA alleles in standard SAB kits in our cohort. All individuals who had undergone two‐field HLA typing (HLA‐A/B/C/DRB1/DQA1/‐DQB1/‐DPA1/‐DPB1) from February 2021 to July 2023 were included. Two‐field HLA‐DRB3/4/5 typing was imputed. Each unrepresented allele was compared with the most similar represented allele in the standard LABScreen, LABScreen ExPlex (One Lambda) and the LIFECODES (Immucor) SAB kits. Differences in eplet expression (HLA Eplet Registry) were identified. Differences in three‐dimensional molecular structures were visualized using generated models (SWISS‐MODEL). Two‐field HLA typing was performed for 116 individuals. Overall, 16.7% of all HLA alleles, found in 36.2% of individuals, were unrepresented by all SAB test kits. Four eplets, found in 12.9% of individuals, were unrepresented in at least 1 SAB kit. Non‐Chinese individuals were more likely to have unrepresented HLA alleles and eplets than Chinese individuals. There were differences in HLA allele and eplet representation amongst the different SAB test kits. Use of supplementary SAB test kits may improve HLA allele and eplet representation. Although some HLA alleles were unrepresented, most epitopes were represented in current SAB kits. However, some unrepresented alleles may contain epitopes which may generate undetectable antibodies. Further studies may be needed to investigate the potential clinical impact of these unrepresented alleles and eplets, especially in certain ethnic populations or at‐risk individuals.
RETRACTED: Efficiency of platelet‐rich plasma in the management of burn wounds: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Imam Mohamed S. , Alotaibi Amjad Abdullah S. , Alotaibi Norah Obaid M. , Alosaimi Nujud Saud , Alotaibi Shroog Ghazi M. , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficiency of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in the management of burn wounds (BWs). Using dichotomous or contentious random‐ or fixed‐effects models, the outcomes of this meta‐analysis were examined and the odds ratio (OR) and the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Thirteen examinations from 2009 to 2023 were enrolled for the present meta‐analysis, including 808 individuals with BWs. PRP had significantly shorter healing time (MD, −5.80; 95% CI, −7.73 to −3.88, p < 0.001), higher healing rate (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 2.05–4.80, p < 0.001), higher healed area percent (MD, 12.67; 95% CI, 9.79–15.55, p < 0.001) and higher graft take area percent (MD, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.51–7.26, p = 0.003) compared with standard therapy in patients with BW. However, no significant difference was found between PRP and standard therapy in graft take ratio (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.86–3.34, p = 0.13) and infection rate (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.20–1.47, p = 0.23) in patients with BW. The examined data revealed that PRP had a significantly shorter healing time, a higher healing rate, a higher healed area percent and a higher graft take area percent; however, no significant difference was found in graft take ratio or infection rate compared with standard therapy in patients with BW. Yet, attention should be paid to its values since all of the selected examinations had a low sample size and some comparisons had a low number of selected studies.
Insight into the experiences of caregivers of older adults in long‐term care homes: A photovoice study
Authors: Boamah Sheila A. , Yous Marie‐Lee , Gao Harrison , Weldrick Rachel , Dal Bello‐Haas Vanina , Durepos Pamela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the lived experiences of caregivers of people living in long‐term care (LTC) homes during the initial phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic and potential supports and resources needed to improve caregivers' quality of life.BackgroundCarers (or care partners) of adults in LTC contribute substantially to the health and well‐being of their loved ones by providing physical care, emotional support and companionship. Despite their critical role, little is known about how caregivers have been impacted by the pandemic.DesignAn interpretive descriptive approach that incorporated the photovoice method was used.MethodsUsing a purposive sampling strategy, six family carers in Ontario, Canada were recruited between September and December 2021. Over a 4‐week period, caregivers took pictures depicting their experience of the pandemic that were shared in a virtual focus group. Visual and text data were analysed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach.FindingsCaregivers expressed feelings of frustration, confusion and joy. Emerging themes included: (i) feeling like a ‘criminal’ amidst visitor restrictions and rules; (ii) experiencing uncertainty and disappointment in the quality of care of long‐term care homes; (iii) going through burnout; and (iv) focusing on small joys and cherished memories.ConclusionsThe combination of visual and textual methods provided unique insight into the mental distress, isolation and intense emotional burdens experienced by caregivers during the pandemic.ImpactOur findings underscore the need for LTC organizations to work in unison with caregivers to optimize the care of residents and support the mental health of caregivers.Reporting MethodThis work adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.Public ContributionsThe caregivers included in the study were involved in the co‐creative process as active contributors informing the design and validation of the codes and themes.
Spontaneous regression of tumours. Possible cross reactivity of autoantibodies against carbonic anhydrase I
Authors: Lakota Ján 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpontaneous tumour regression in patients after high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation or patients with standard therapy is accompanied with the presence of high titers autoantibodies against carbonic anhydrase I (CA I). The concomitant presence of aplastic anaemia‐like syndrome in these patients points to parallel bone marrow suppression during this period. It seems that CA I, an ‘obscure’ enzyme, does not have any significant physiological role in humans. One possible explanation points to the fact that autoantibodies against CA I may target another antigen(s) which is(are) important in tumour growth as well as in normal haematopoiesis. One of the candidates for such a target is the DNA polymerase theta.
“If I don't have credit, I don't have anything”: Perspectives on the credit scoring system among mothers with low incomes
Authors: Collins J. Michael , Halpern‐Meekin Sarah , Harvey Melody , Hoiting Jill 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis mixed‐methods study examines consumer perspectives on the credit scoring system drawn from in‐depth interviews with 72 mothers with low incomes and national survey data from the National Financial Capability Study. Interviewees express strong awareness of credit scoring and a desire to have good credit. National survey data corroborate these findings, showing that most mothers with low incomes are knowledgeable about their credit scores. They know what behaviors improve credit standing and recognize the tradeoffs between present consumption and longer run goals. They do not reject the credit scoring system's legitimacy and seek to work within this system to pursue their financial goals, despite obstacles to success. This evidence enriches our understanding of the perspectives and values that motivate consumer financial behaviors and highlights the systemic challenges to people's financial well‐being that are embedded in a seemingly widely accepted credit scoring system.
Dental caries incidence and associated factors in young adults
Authors: Ogwo Chukwuebuka , Brown Grant , Warren John , Caplan Daniel , Levy Steven 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the caries incidence from late adolescence to early adulthood and to identify the factors associated with caries incidence.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of longitudinal caries data of young adults aged 17–23 from the Iowa Fluoride Study cohort. The inclusion criteria required completion of dental exams at both ages 17 and 23 and having cumulative exposure (AUC) variables data for at least 8 out of the 11 time periods between ages 17 and 23. Mean imputation was used to handle the missing explanatory variable data. Multiple linear regressions were conducted using a generalized linear model to assess the effects of sociodemographic and behavioral/dietary variables on the age 17–23 adjusted cavitated caries (D2+MFS) increment (AdjCI17‐23). Multicollinearity was assessed using the variance inflation factor (VIF) and the final model was selected based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) using backward selection and the net effects calculated.ResultsThe mean AdjCI17‐23 was 2.08 (SD = 4.02). The net effects (main effect plus interactions) of higher composite socioeconomic status, higher combined daily fluoride intake, higher frequency of milk intake, lower amount of sugar‐sweetened beverages intake, and lower age 17 dental caries counts were associated with lower mean AdjCI17‐23.ConclusionThe incidence of caries from age 17 to 23 in this study was low. This study suggests and reinforces the need to continue to advocate for caries preventive strategies such as fluoride use, encouraging milk intake, and reducing sugar‐sweetened beverage intakes.
Knockout of transcription factor OsERF65 enhances ROS scavenging ability and confers resistance to rice sheath blight
Authors: Xie Wenya , Cao Wenlei , Lu Shuaibing , Zhao Jianhua , Shi Xiaopin , Yue Xuanyu , Wang Guangda , Feng Zhiming , Hu Keming , Chen Zongxiang , Zuo Shimin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRice sheath blight (ShB) is a devastating disease that severely threatens rice production worldwide. Induction of cell death represents a key step during infection by the ShB pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, we identified a rice transcription factor, OsERF65, that negatively regulates resistance to ShB by suppressing cell death. OsERF65 was significantly upregulated by R. solani infection in susceptible cultivar Lemont and was highly expressed in the leaf sheath. Overexpression of OsERF65 (OsERF65OE) decreased rice resistance, while the knockout mutant (oserf65) exhibited significantly increased resistance against ShB. The transcriptome assay revealed that OsERF65 repressed the expression of peroxidase genes after R. solani infection. The antioxidative enzyme activity was significantly increased in oserf65 plants but reduced in OsERF65OE plants. Consistently, hydrogen peroxide content was apparently reduced in oserf65 plants but accumulated in OsERF65OE plants. OsERF65 directly bound to the GCC box in the promoter regions of four peroxidase genes and suppressed their transcription, reducing the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oserf65 mutant exhibited a slight decrease in plant height but increased grain yield. Overall, our results revealed an undocumented role of OsERF65 that acts as a crucial regulator of rice resistance to R. solani and a potential target for improving both ShB resistance and rice yield.
Characterizing orthodontic tooth movement in real time using dental monitoring scans: A pilot study
Authors: Arqub Sarah Abu , Nedjat‐Haiem Michael , Einbinder Max , Azami Niloufar , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Hariharan Amirtha , Uribe Flavio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis pilot study aimed to quantify the magnitude and type of tooth movement occurring in short time intervals within the regular monthly orthodontic visits for patients with fixed appliances and undergoing maxillary canine retraction. Additionally, this pilot study aimed to provide a descriptive evaluation for the accuracy and reliability of the Dental Monitoring (DM)‐captured scans to those of an iTero digital scans in an extraction space closure model.Settings and Sample Population3D intraoral photographic scans (DM) for 12 patients with maxillary first premolar extractions in a single‐centre academic institution.Materials and MethodsTwelve patients treated with fixed appliances and undergoing space closure for maxillary premolar extraction(s) were included. Nickel‐titanium (200 g) closing coil springs were used for canine retraction. At initiation of space closure (T1), iTero scans were acquired, and patients were instructed to take DM scans every 4–5 days until their next visit in 4–5 weeks (T2). At T2, a final iTero scan in addition to a DM scan was taken. The number of patients who did the scans regularly as instructed declined as time elapsed. Stereolithography (STL) files generated from the DM scans were superimposed with the STL files from the iTero scans using GOM Inspect software to determine the accuracy of the DM 3D models. To assess rate, type and direction of tooth movement, each of the 3D image STL files generated from the DM scans, taken every 4–5 days by each patient, was superimposed on the previously captured scan. The rate of tooth movement for the maxillary molars and canines was calculated in the 3 planes of space (X, Y, Z) at each time point, until the end of the experiment.ResultsPreliminary results indicated that the maxillary canines appeared to be displaced the greatest amount in the first 4–5 days with initial distolateral movement. As time elapsed, the rate of tooth movement decreased, and the tooth started moving distolingually.ConclusionsDental monitoring software provides a high‐tech platform to monitor tooth movement in a ‘real‐time’ approach. Accuracy of the photographic scans in relationship to the intraoral scans appears promising. There seems to be some evidence that the greatest amount of movement occurs initially in the first few days after activation, dropping thereafter to become a slower constant rate of tooth movement.
CcNFYB3‐CcMATE35 and LncRNA CcLTCS‐CcCS modules jointly regulate the efflux and synthesis of citrate to enhance aluminium tolerance in pigeon pea
Authors: Dong Biying , Meng Dong , Song Zhihua , Cao Hongyan , Du Tingting , Qi Meng , Wang Shengjie , Xue Jingyi , Yang Qing , Fu Yujie 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAluminium (Al) toxicity decreases crop production in acid soils in general, but many crops have evolved complex mechanisms to resist it. However, our current understanding of how plants cope with Al stress and perform Al resistance is still at the initial stage. In this study, the citrate transporter CcMATE35 was identified to be involved in Al stress response. The release of citrate was increased substantially in CcMATE35 over‐expression (OE) lines under Al stress, indicating enhanced Al resistance. It was demonstrated that transcription factor CcNFYB3 regulated the expression of CcMATE35, promoting the release of citrate from roots to increase Al resistance in pigeon pea. We also found that a Long noncoding RNA Targeting Citrate Synthase (CcLTCS) is involved in Al resistance in pigeon pea. Compared with controls, overexpression of CcLTCS elevated the expression level of the Citrate Synthase gene (CcCS), leading to increases in root citrate level and citrate release, which forms another module to regulate Al resistance in pigeon pea. Simultaneous overexpression of CcNFYB3 and CcLTCS further increased Al resistance. Taken together, these findings suggest that the two modules, CcNFYB3‐CcMATE35 and CcLTCS‐CcCS, jointly regulate the efflux and synthesis of citrate and may play an important role in enhancing the resistance of pigeon pea under Al stress.
Human neutrophil‐like cells demonstrate antimicrobial responses to the chronic cyst form of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Bergersen Kristina V. , Ramirez Ashley D. , Kavvathas Bill , Mercer Frances , Wilson Emma H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects approximately 2.5 billion people worldwide. Infection induces a rapid dissemination of parasites throughout the body followed by the formation of lifelong cysts within neurons of the host brain. Both stages require a dynamic immune response comprised of both innate and adaptive cells. Neutrophils are a primary responding cell to acute infection and have been observed in the brain during murine chronic infection. Previous studies investigating human neutrophils found that invasion by Toxoplasma tachyzoites inhibits apoptosis of neutrophils, prolonging their survival under inflammatory conditions. Here, we demonstrate the differentiation of two distinct subsets following exposure of human neutrophil‐like‐cells (HNLC) to Toxoplasma cysts. In vitro stimulation and imaging studies show cyst‐specific induction of cytokines and cyst clearance by HNLCs. Further testing demonstrates that aged HNLCs perform less phagocytosis of cysts compared to non‐aged HNLCs. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel response of HNLCs to Toxoplasma cysts and may indicate a role for neutrophils in the clearance of cysts during human infection with Toxoplasma.
Zones of compounded informality: Migrants in the megacity
Authors: Silliman Bhattacharjee Shikha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces the term zones of compounded informality to demarcate locations wherein regulatory exclusions in distinct domains interact to escalate the impact of exclusions for people who live and work in these areas. Based upon a study of India's Delhi, National Capital Region (Delhi‐NCR), I explain how the interaction of flexible planning and employment in particular locales produce zones of compounded informality as a technique of governance. Circular migrant workers in Delhi‐NCR overwhelmingly live and work in these zones, wherein unstable employment and housing contribute to nomadic migration. Legal exclusion from housing protections interacts with other procedural pathways, creating barriers to accessing social protection and citizenship rights. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observation, interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and a survey of 981 workers, I consider how zones of compounded informality in Delhi‐NCR interact with India's Aadhar biometric identification system to variegate access to the franchise and Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS) for migrant and other low‐wage workers.
Architecture of lacustrine deposits in response to early Carboniferous rifting and Gondwanan glaciation, Nova Scotia, south‐east Canada
Authors: Tang Wenbin , Pe‐Piper Georgia , Piper David J. W. , Chen Anqing , Hou Mingcai , Guo Zhaojie , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUpper Palaeozoic lacustrine basin deposits not only record local tectonism but are also an archive to evaluate global palaeoclimate changes linked to the Late Palaeozoic Gondwanan ice age. The Tournaisian Horton Group of Nova Scotia, south‐east Canada, accumulated in rift basins following the final accretion of peri‐Gondwanan terranes to the Appalachians. Sedimentology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the well‐exposed sandstones and shales at the classic Blue Beach section (ca 353.5 to 352 Ma) reveal the interplay of local tectonism and global climatic controls on lacustrine sedimentation. The lacustrine depositional environment gradually transitioned from deep water offshore at the base of the section to wave‐dominated and fluvial‐dominated nearshore at the top. Multiple small transgressive–regressive sedimentation cycles have an average 21 ka duration, likely related to Milankovitch cyclicity. Unusually abundant soft‐sediment deformation structures and landslides are the sedimentary responses to frequent earthquakes during the most active phase of rift subsidence. The overall succession shows changes from a shallowing‐up balanced‐filled to an overfilled lacustrine basin. The chemical weathering intensity index and the Th/K ratio show a longer‐term trend from dry and cool conditions low in the section to humid and warm conditions near the top, with rapid change in the transition period. The section records the peak of the global mid‐Tournaisian carbon isotope excursion and the corresponding cooling event (354 Ma to approximately 351 Ma). The sedimentary succession is a response to long‐term and short‐term climatic cycles influencing lake level and sediment supply during the time of maximum rift basin subsidence recorded by the soft‐sediment deformation structures.
Noticing instructional challenges in artifacts of teaching
Authors: Barnhart Tara , van Es Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates challenges of enactment teachers notice when analyzing artifacts of teaching in a professional development focused on supporting the enactment of NGSS‐aligned modeling instruction. Five secondary science teachers participated in a semester‐long video club. Transcripts of the segments of their meetings in which they analyzed artifacts of practice were coded to characterize what they noticed in videos and student work samples from their own and others’ classrooms of students engaging in sensemaking. Through an inductive and iterative approach, three main linguistic challenges were identified related to the teachers’ noticing of students’ disciplinary thinking: learning how to communicate with precision using modeling conventions, how to communicate with precision using scientific vocabulary, and how to support students explaining and defending their models. The findings of this study extend and affirm prior research on teachers’ noticing of student thinking by highlighting the integrated nature of disciplinary noticing and the entanglement of learning science concepts and the language of science. The results also indicate that artifact‐rich professional development designed to improve science teachers’ interpretation of their students’ thinking can support teachers as they work through problems of practice they encounter in their attempts to enact responsive science teaching.