bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of open-source software for producing directed acyclic graphs
Authors: Pitts Amy J. , Fowler Charlotte R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many software packages have been developed to assist researchers in drawing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), each with unique functionality and usability. We examine five of the most common software to generate DAGs: TikZ, DAGitty, ggdag, dagR, and igraph. For each package, we provide a general description of its background, analysis and visualization capabilities, and user-friendliness. In addition, in order to compare packages, we produce two DAGs in each software, the first featuring a simple confounding structure and the second with a more complex structure with three confounders and a mediator. We provide recommendations for when to use each software depending on the user’s needs.
Evaluation of the role of FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes and their relation to obesity
Authors: Mosaad Youssef M. , Morzak Mena , Abd El Aziz El Chennawi Farha , Elsharkawy Ashraf A. , Abdelsalam Maha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to explore the effects of fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their relation to obesity.

Methods
Fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 164 patients and 100 controls, and genotypes, alleles, and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls.

Results
A significant association with T1D development was found with the TC, CC, and TC+CC genotypes and the C allele of MC4R rs17782313. In addition, TA, AA, and TA+AA genotypes and the A allele of FTO rs9939609 may also be risky for T1D development. While the TC and TC+CC genotypes of MC4R rs17782313 may be protective against obesity development, the AA genotype and A allele of FTO rs9939609 may also be protective against obesity development. Regarding obese subjects, comparing diabetics vs. non-diabetic studied subjects, FTO rs9939609, TA, AA, and TA+AA genotypes and the A allele had significantly higher frequencies in T1D with a higher risk of developing T1D. However, conducting multivariable analysis using significant covariates in univariable analysis revealed that only earlier age of T1D onset, lower C-peptide, and the MC4R dominant model were considered independent predictors of obesity within T1D.

Conclusions
The role of both genes’ polymorphisms on the pathogenesis and the outcome of T1D and obesity can help in understanding the pathogenesis of both diseases and their associations with each other’s and may be used as novel therapeutic targets for both diseases.
Mechanochemical design of nanomaterials for catalytic applications with a benign-by-design focus
Authors: Burange Anand S. , Alothman Zeid A. , Luque Rafael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mechanochemistry emerged as an effective tool for the synthesis of nanomaterials, with potentially scalable prospects. This contribution aims to provide an overview of the most recent potential of mechanochemical routes in designing advanced nanomaterials including zeolites, metal oxides, and mixed metal oxides because of their catalytic applications. In the present review, the role of mechanochemistry in material design, the effect of mechanical energy on the surface area/surface properties, and recent trends in the field are discussed. A comparison of catalytic activities in selected cases for the materials prepared using conventional vs mechanochemical route has been provided.
Backward doubly stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion with stochastic integral-Lipschitz coefficients
Authors: Ndiaye Assane , Aidara Sadibou , Sow Ahmadou Bamba 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with a class of backward doubly stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H greater than

1
2

{\frac{1}{2}}

. We essentially establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution in the case of stochastic Lipschitz coefficients and stochastic integral-Lipschitz coefficients. The stochastic integral used throughout the paper is the divergence-type integral.
The Relationship Between Various Jump Tests and Baseball Pitching Performance: A Brief Review
Authors: Lis Ryan , Szymanski David J. , Crotin Ryan L. , Qiao Mu 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Multidirectional ground reaction forces (GRFs) and jump tests within baseball pitchers provide insight into athletic ability and coordination to produce lower-body force and power. Lower-body power is a biomechanical feature that denotes physiological capacity through dynamic and passive tissue stretch-shortening in transferring energy from the ground through the kinetic chain. Optimized lower-body power may lessen the magnitude of forces on the upper extremity. Insufficient lower-body power may create a greater risk of upper-body injury. Lower-body power and its relationship to ball velocity have been minimally investigated, yet some research points to a correlation between jumping ability and fastball velocity. Because pitching is unilateral, practitioners should consider unilateral jumps to determine the extent of bilateral asymmetry or stride to drive leg differences that can guide training to remediate deficiencies. The purposes of this brief review are to (a) examine factors that influence vertical jump performance among baseball players, (b) examine research on pitching multidirectional GRFs, and (c) examine literature concerning jump performances to baseball pitching performance. Collectively, this review can assist coaches and practitioners in lower-body power testing and training for baseball pitchers.
Low-intensity focused ultrasound to the human dorsal anterior cingulate attenuates acute pain perception and autonomic responses.
Authors: Strohman Andrew , Payne Brighton , In Alexander , Stebbins Katelyn , Legon Wynn 
Published: January 2024

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a critical brain area for pain and autonomic processing, making it a promising non-invasive therapeutic target. We leverage the high spatial resolution and deep focal lengths of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to non-invasively modulate the dACC for effects on behavioral and cardiac autonomic responses using transient heat pain stimuli. N = 16 healthy human volunteers (6M/10F) received transient contact heat pain during either LIFU to the dACC or Sham stimulation. Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electrodermal response (EDR) were recorded. Outcome measures included pain ratings, heart-rate variability, EDR response, blood pressure, and the amplitude of the contact heat-evoked potential (CHEP).LIFU reduced pain ratings by 1.09 ± 0.20 points relative to Sham. LIFU increased heart rate variability indexed by the standard deviation of normal sinus beats (SDNN), low frequency (LF) power, and the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio. There were no effects on blood pressure or EDR. LIFU resulted in a 38.1% reduction in the P2 CHEP amplitude. Results demonstrate LIFU to the dACC reduces pain and alters autonomic responses to acute heat pain stimuli. This has implications for the causal understanding of human pain and autonomic processing in the dACC and potential future therapeutic options for pain relief and modulation of homeostatic signals.Significance StatementNew lines of inquiry demonstrate autonomic signals like heart rate variability (HRV) are aberrant in chronic pain and mental health disorders, which may contribute to their underlying etiology. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a key center in pain processing with direct influences on autonomic function, but its depth precludes direct access without invasive surgery. For the first time in humans, we demonstrate low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) can non-invasively and selectively modulate the dACC to reduce acute pain perception, autonomic responses, and pain processing signals. This work further establishes a causal role of the dACC in pain and autonomic processing with potential future clinical applications in chronic pain and neuropsychological populations.
Structural and functional organization of visual responses in the inferior olive of larval zebrafish
Authors: Félix Rita , Markov Daniil A , Renninger Sabine L. , Tomás Ana Raquel , Laborde Alexandre , Carey Megan R , Orger Michael B , Portugues Ruben 
Published: January 2024

The olivo-cerebellar system plays an important role in vertebrate sensorimotor control. Here we investigate sensory representations in the IO of larval zebrafish and their spatial organization. Using single-cell labeling of genetically identified IO neurons we find that they can be divided into at least two distinct groups based on their spatial location, dendritic morphology, and axonal projection patterns. In the same genetically targeted population, we recorded calcium activity in response to a set of visual stimuli using two-photon imaging. We found that most IO neurons showed direction-selective and binocular responses to visual stimuli and that functional properties were spatially organized within the IO. Light-sheet functional imaging that allowed for simultaneous activity recordings at the soma and axonal level revealed tight coupling between functional properties, soma location and axonal projection patterns of IO neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that anatomically-defined classes of IO neurons correspond to distinct functional types, and that topographic connections between IO and cerebellum contribute to organization of the cerebellum into distinct functional zones.Significance StatementUsing the transparent larval zebrafish, we systematically recorded the responses of Inferior Olive (IO) neurons to visual motion stimuli that drive optomotor and optokinetic behaviors. We find that most IO neurons respond selectively to one or more such stimuli. Individual neurons are tuned to specific directions of motion and different functional types are distributed non-uniformly in the IO. Furthermore, we were able to link the functional type of the IO neurons with their location, morphology and projection patterns. This shows how topographically organized projections from the IO play an important role in channeling behaviorally-relevant information to the cerebellum in zebrafish larvae.
Care Models and Discharge Services for Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Oumarbaeva-Malone Yuliya , Jurgens Valerie , Rush Margaret , Bloom Miriam , Adusei-Baah Charity , Hall Matthew , Shah Neha , Bhansali Priti , Parikh Kavita 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Children with medical complexity (CMC) are high health care utilizers prompting hospitals to implement care models focused on this population, yet practices have not been evaluated on a national level. Our objective with this study is to describe the presence and structure of care models and the use of discharge services for CMC admitted to freestanding children’s hospitals across the nation.

METHODS
We distributed an electronic survey to 48 hospitals within the Pediatric Health Information System exploring the availability of care models and discharge services for CMC. Care models were grouped by type and number present at each institution. Discharge services were grouped by low (never, rarely), medium (sometimes), and high (most of the time, always) frequency use.

RESULTS
Of 48 eligible hospitals, 33 completed the survey (69%). There were no significant differences between responders and non-responders for both hospital and patient characteristics. Most participants identified an outpatient care model (67%), whereas 21% had no dedicated care model for CMC in the inpatient or outpatient setting. High-frequency discharge services included durable medical equipment delivery, medication delivery, and communication with outpatient provider before discharge. Low-frequency discharge services included the use of a structured handoff tool for outpatient communication, personalized access plans, inpatient team follow-up with family after discharge, and the use of discharge checklists.

CONCLUSIONS
Children’s hospitals vary largely in care model structure and discharge services. Future work is needed to evaluate the associations between care models and discharge services for CMC with various health care outcomes.
Genesis and Evolution of Pegmatites in Eastern Colombia: Insights from Mineral Chemistry
Authors: Mora-Galindo Estefany Andrea , Molano Mendoza Juan Carlos , Morales Peña Milton Julián 
Published: January 2024

Pegmatites and granitic intrusives from eastern Colombia, belonging to the Guainía department, were studied to determine the generating magma type, as well as to assess the degree of magmatic fractionation and its relationship with the presence of Nb-Ta-bearing minerals (strategic minerals). To that end, 31 rock samples were studied; EPMA electronic microprobe analyses were conducted on apatite, biotite, garnet, microcline, muscovite, and tourmaline. The results from biotite, garnet, and tourmaline suggest that these rocks originated from a Fe-rich peraluminous melt.
Moreover, content variation of Ba in microcline, Na in muscovite, Fe-Mg in biotite, and Mn-Sr in apatite, allowed the proposal of a magmatic evolutionary line for these rocks. Nb-Ta-bearing samples were present in the most fractionated rocks where tourmaline and garnet occurred, and thus, were proposed as possible indicators of strategic minerals.
El bovino criollo de Nunkiní, Campeche, México un recurso zoogenético en riesgo
Authors: Cruz-Clemente Guadalupe de Jesús , Estrada-León Raciel Javier , Sierra-Vásquez Ángel Carmelo , Severino-Lendechy Víctor Hugo , Piñeiro-Vázquez Ángel Trinidad , Bojórquez-Cat Jorge Carlos 
Published: January 2024

Introducción. La ganadería con bovinos criollos se práctica en espacios rurales con características difíciles para el manejo de las especies. Objetivo. Describir el sistema productivo y los factores socioculturales y técnico-económicos que afectan la producción del bovino criollo de Nunkiní (Bos taurus). Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre noviembre del 2020 a octubre del 2021, en nueve Unidades de Producción Pecuarias de Nunkiní en el municipio de Calkiní, Campeche, México. La información se obtuvo de una cédula de entrevista con variables de estudio sociales, culturales, técnicas y económicas, aplicada a productores seleccionados. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y ANDEVA. Resultados. La crianza del ganado la realizaron hombres (100 %), con edad promedio de 58,44 años. Los años de experiencia promedio fueron de 34, 61. Los productores jóvenes tuvieron mayor escolaridad y menor experiencia, y se encargaron de las unidades de producción de mayor nivel tecnológico. El tamaño de la unidad de producción pecuaria varió de cinco a veintidós bovinos (media de 14). El manejo alimenticio tuvo un esquema de trashumancia, donde de mayo a diciembre estuvieron libres en tierras ejidales y de enero a abril se manejaron semiestabulados, con pastoreo en potreros cultivados y suplementados con residuos agrícolas. Con el manejo zootécnico implementado por los productores, se obtuvo un promedio de 83 % de preñez. El producto principal comercializado fue carne fresca en cortes y venta directa al consumidor, con un precio promedio de 2,675 USD$/kg. Conclusión. Es un sistema tradicional extensivo que aprovecha el uso común de los agostaderos. Con productores de experiencia, pero de edad avanzada, de pequeña inversión y le sirve para fortalecer su economía familiar. Dicha actividad se ve amenazada por la falta de revalorización del bovino criollo y la introducción de razas exóticas en la zona para maximizar la producción.
Effects of ergothioneine supplementation on the quality of liquid-preserved and frozen-thawed boar semen
Authors: Kaewma Supitcha , Namula Zhao , Nguyen Suong Thi , Lin Qingyi , Torigoe Nanaka , Liu Bin , Nagahara Megumi , Nii Masahiro , Taniguchi Masayasu , Otoi Takeshige 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effects of ergothioneine (EGT) supplementation as an antioxidant on the quality of boar spermatozoa when using liquid and frozen preservation methods. In the first experiment, boar semen was preserved in an extender supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 200 µM EGT, at 15 °C, part of the samples for one and another part for three weeks. In comparison with the control (without EGT), EGT supplementation at 100 µM significantly increased the percentage of total motility of spermatozoa that were preserved as a liquid both for one and three weeks (P < 0.05). EGT supplementation did not affect the quality of preserved spermatozoa, irrespective of the EGT concentration. In the second experiment, semen was frozen and thawed in the freezing extender supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 200 µM EGT. In comparison with the control, the 100 µM EGT supplementation significantly increased the percentages of total and progressive motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa (P < 0.05). EGT (100 µM) supplementation did not affect the viability, the plasma membrane integrity, or the acrosomal integrity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. These findings indicate that supplementing extenders with 100 µM EGT may improve the motility of boar sperm in both liquid and freezing preservation methods.
Optimizing Cancer Prevention in Adolescents by Improving HPV Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Vielot Nadja A. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: January 2024

Routine HPV vaccination can prevent six cancers. Best practices for achieving high adolescent HPV vaccination coverage include automatically scheduled appointments, presumptive provider recommendations, standing orders, feedback on vaccination rates, and incentives. Promising practices include starting HPV vaccine recommendations and vaccine registry forecasting at age 9 and school entry requirements.
Case Series Study on Recovery of Left Ventricle Systolic Function After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients at FMIC Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Authors: Ghafoor Zarmalwal Dr. Abdul , Saeed Ali Dr. Tazeen , Ahmad Dr. Sher , Darmal Dr. Ihsanullah , Khan Dr. Ahmad 
Published: January 2024

Background
Left ventricle dysfunction is the most recurrent consequence of ST-elevated myocardial infarction, and still, it is a powerful predictor of mortality. The percutaneous coronary intervention of the culprit artery disease in acute coronary syndrome is related to a significant improvement of left ventricle segmental function.
It is a retrospective case series study on a patient population with the diagnosis of ST-elevated myocardial infarction patients who presented to the hospital within 12 hours and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at the French Medical Institute of Mother and Children Hospital. Data was collected retrospectively from the patient's medical record files and analyzed. We took the patients with Left ventricle dysfunction on echocardiography on the first presentation before percutaneous coronary intervention and saw the left ventricle function after three months of follow-up.
We reviewed the charts of 102 patients (78.4% male and 21.6% female) with a diagnosis of St-elevated myocardial infarction who presented within 12 hours of chest pain. Of 102 patients, 55.9% had hypertension, 21.6% diabetes, 22.5% dyslipidemia, and 19.6% history of smoking, and their mean age was 58.11 ± 11.993 years. We noticed that percutaneous coronary intervention led to significant left ventricle dysfunction improvement in the patient population with ST-elevated myocardial infarction who presented within 12 hours of chest pain.
Porównanie sytuacji prawnej osób LGBT+ w Polsce i Hiszpanii w latach 1930–2021
Authors: Skrzypek Piotr 
Published: January 2024

Tematem artykułu jest porównanie sytuacji prawnej osób LGBT+ w Polsce i Hiszpanii. Mimo, że oba kraje są członkami Unii Europejskiej, sytuacja prawna w obu krajach jest zupełnie odmienna. Hiszpania jest uznana za jeden z najbardziej liberalnych kulturowo i przyjaznych krajów wobec społeczności LGBT+ na świecie. Kultura LGBT+ odegrała znaczącą rolę w hiszpańskiej literaturze, muzyce, kinie i innych formach rozrywki, a także w kwestiach społecznych i w polityce. W badaniach ankieterów na temat homoseksualizmu hiszpańska opinia publiczna jest oceniana jako „zdecydowanie pozytywna”, a społeczeństwo zaakceptowało homoseksualizm, co czyni go najbardziej przyjaznym dla osób LGBT+. Widoczność osób LGBT+ wzrosła również w kilku warstwach społeczeństwa, takich jak wojsko, sądownictwo i duchowieństwo.
Zdecydowanie odmienna sytuacja występuje w Polsce. Osoby nieheteroseksualne w naszym kraju stoją przed wyzwaniami prawnymi, z którymi nie mają do czynienia inni polscy obywatele, osoby niebędące osobami LGBT+. Według raportu ILGA-Europe z 2021 r. stan praw LGBT+ w Polsce jest najgorszy wśród krajów Unii Europejskiej. Teoretycznie Polska zapewnia osobom LGBT+ takie same prawa jak osobom heteroseksualnym w niektórych obszarach. Polskie prawo zakazuje dyskryminacji w zatrudnieniu ze względu na orientację seksualną. Nie istnieją jednak zabezpieczenia dla służby zdrowia, przestępstw z nienawiści i mowy nienawiści. W Polsce nie funkcjonują związki partnerskie osób tej samej płci i nie ma możliwości adoptowania dzieci. Osoby LGBT+ nie są dobrze postrzegane i są przedmiotem kpin i żartów.
Celem pracy jest więc próba analizy i porównania sytuacji osób LGBT+ w Polsce i w Hiszpanii. Autor postawił następujące pytania badawcze: czy i w jakim stopniu sytuacja osób LGBT+ w Hiszpanii uległa zmianie w okresie po uchwaleniu Konstytucji Hiszpanii w 1931 r. i wprowadzeniu nowego kodeksu karnego? Czy i w jakim stopniu uległa zmianie sytuacja osób LGBT w Polsce w analogicznym czasie? Jaka jest sytuacja prawna i postrzeganie osób LGBT+ obecnie w Hiszpanii, a jak w Polsce? Autor podjął także próbę wyjaśnienia, czym te różnice mogą być powodowane.
Cel został zrealizowany poprzez studium literatury z lat 1930–2021 oraz analizę dokumentów. Ze względu na fakt, że poruszany temat jest ciągle aktualny, w pracy wykorzystałem artykuły naukowe, książki, ale także informacje podawane na stronach internetowych, akty prawne, korzystałem również z oficjalnych witryn organizacji pozarządowych i stowarzyszeń.
Tagyîr Mawdhî’ Inhirâf Qiblat al-Masjid fî Bamîkasân ‘alâ Asasi al-Tiknôlôjiyya al-Mutaqaddimah: al-Tahlîla al-Ijtimâ’î wa al-Tsaqafî
Authors: Elhas Hosen , Abdul Jalil  , Abd. Wahed  , Ach. Muzayyin  , Ziyad Ravaşdeh  
Published: January 2024

Reposition of wrongly-established qibla direction typically brings into controversy, particularly among takmir as the mosque officiants. However, what occured in Pamekasan shows different trends. This research therefore focuses on how the Pamekasan based takmir responded on the qibla direction reposition issue. It is a descriptive one based on qualitative data. The data was collected using interview to the takmir and participatory observation at the research locus. The obtained data was then sorted and systematically arranged for verification to draw a conclusion. The research comes to a conclusion that; first, the deviation of qibla direction on the research locus was caused by wrongly-determined direction in the initial mosque building process due to the ignorance of Islamic astronomy or so called ilmu falaq theories. The mistake was figured out trough verification on the sun image and qiblat direction application. Second; the reposition was initiated by takmir who firstly consulted with experts on Islamic law and falaq, made scientific investigation by rechecking the mosque qibla direction using advanced technology, then announced the process result to the mosque congregation, and made a deliberation forum before doing the reposition replacing the older with the more accurate and newer one. Third; takmirs’ perception on the mosque qibla reposition tends to be supporting rather than opposing.