bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of cyclooxygenase‐2 in reactive glial cells by the CD40 pathway: relevance to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Okuno Tatsusada , Nakatsuji Yuji , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Koguchi Ken , Moriya Masayuki , Fujimura Harutoshi , Kikutani Hitoshi , Sakoda Saburo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn inflammatory process in association with reactive gliosis has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One of the key findings is a marked increase in the level of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), a therapeutic target of ALS. We investigated the expression of CD40 in the spinal cord of a transgenic mouse model of ALS (G93A mice), and its relevance to COX‐2 upregulation. CD40 was predominantly expressed in neurons in normal spinal cord and upregulated in reactive glial cells in spinal cord injury. In the spinal cord of G93A mice, the expression of CD40 was increased in both reactive microglia and astrocytes, where COX‐2 was especially increased. The level of COX‐2 was upregulated in microglia and astrocytes by CD40 stimulation in vitro. CD40 stimulation in primary spinal cord cultures caused motor neuron loss that was protected by selective COX‐2 inhibitor. These results suggest that CD40, which is upregulated in reactive glial cells in ALS, participates in motor neuron loss via induction of COX‐2.
UGT1A1 variation and gallstone formation in sickle cell disease
Authors: Haverfield Eden V. , McKenzie Colin A. , Forrester Terrence , Bouzekri Nourdine , Harding Rosalind , Serjeant Graham , Walker Thomas , Peto Tim E. A. , Ward Ryk , Weatherall David J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPigment gallstones are a common clinical complication of sickle cell (SS) disease. Genetic variation in the promoter of uridine diphosphate (UDP)–glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) underlies Gilbert syndrome, a chronic form of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and appears to be a risk factor for gallstone formation. We investigated the association between UGT1A1 (TA)n genotype, hyperbilirubinemia, and gallstones in a sample of Jamaicans with SS disease. Subjects were from the Jamaican Sickle Cell Cohort Study (cohort sample, n = 209) and the Sickle Cell Clinic at the University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica (clinic sample, n = 357). The UGT1A1 (TA)n promoter region was sequenced in 541 SS disease subjects and 111 healthy controls (control sample). Indirect bilirubin levels for (TA)7/(TA)7 and (TA)7/(TA)8 genotypes were elevated compared with (TA)6/(TA)6 (clinic sample, P &lt; 10–5; cohort sample, P &lt; 10–3). The (TA)7/(TA)7 genotype was also associated with symptomatic presentation and gallstones in the clinic sample (odds ratio [OR] = 11.3; P = 7.0 × 10–4) but not in the younger cohort sample. These unexpected findings indicate that the temporal evolution of symptomatic gallstones may involve factors other than the bilirubin level. Although further studies of the pathogenesis of gallstones in SS disease are required, the (TA)7/(TA)7 genotype may be a risk factor for symptomatic gallstones in older people with SS disease.
Adult vasculogenesis occurs through in situ recruitment, proliferation, and tubulization of circulating bone marrow–derived cells
Authors: Tepper Oren M. , Capla Jennifer M. , Galiano Robert D. , Ceradini Daniel J. , Callaghan Matthew J. , Kleinman Mark E. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIschemia is a known stimulus for vascular growth. Bone marrow (BM)–derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are believed to contribute to new blood vessel growth, but the mechanism for this contribution is unknown. To elucidate how BM cells are able to form new blood vessels, a novel murine model of soft tissue ischemia was developed in lethally irradiated mice with BM reconstituted from either tie2/lacZ or ROSA/green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice (n = 24). BM-derived EPCs were recruited to ischemic tissue within 72 hours, and the extent of recruitment was directly proportional to the degree of tissue ischemia. At 7 days, there were persistently elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (2.5-fold) and circulating VEGF receptor-2/CD11– (flk-1+/CD11–) cells (18-fold) which correlated with increased numbers of BM-derived EPCs within ischemic tissue. The cells were initially located extravascularly as proliferative clusters. By day 14, these clusters coalesced into vascular cords, which became functional vessels by day 21. In vitro examination of human EPCs from healthy volunteers (n = 10) confirmed that EPC proliferation, adhesion, and chemotaxis were all significantly stimulated in hypoxic conditions. We conclude that BM-derived cells produce new blood vessels via localized recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of circulating cells in a sequence of events markedly different from existing paradigms of angiogenesis.
On the State-Space Representation of Local Affine Models in Takagi–Sugeno–Kang Fuzzy Systems (Zur Zustandsdarstellung von Takagi–Sugeno–Kang-Fuzzy-Systemen mit Lokal Affinen Modellen)
Authors: Kroll Andreas 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Considering the constant terms in the local models of dynamic Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy models can provide for improved prediction quality. However, the constant terms have typically not been treated analytically in analysis and controller design. In this paper, minimal state-space representations are derived from local affine input/output models for usage in TSK fuzzy models. Transformation algorithms for structure, parameters and initial values are proposed.
About \( L^{p} \) estimates for the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation
Authors: Desvillettes Laurent , Mouhot Clément 
Published: September 2004

For the homogeneous Boltzmann equation with (cutoff or noncutoff) hard potentials, we prove estimates of propagation of

L^{p}

norms with a weight

(1 + |x|^{2})^{q/ 2}

(

1 < p < + \infty

,

q \in \mathbb{R}_{ + }

large enough), as well as appearance of such weights. The proof is based on some new functional inequalities for the collision operator, proven by elementary means.

Résumé

On prouve la propagation de normes

L^{p}

avec poids

(1 + |x|^{2})^{q/ 2}

et l'apparition de tels poids pour l'équation de Boltzmann homogène dans le cas des potentiels durs (avec ou sans troncature angulaire). La démonstration est basée sur de nouvelles inégalités fonctionnelles pour l'opérateur de collision, que l'on prouve par des moyens élémentaires.
Routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: service and non-service costs of psychiatric patients attending a Community Mental Health Centre in Italy
Authors: Percudani Mauro , Barbui Corrado , Beecham Jennifer , Knapp Martin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjective.– This study estimated service and non-service costs in a random sample of patients attending a community psychiatric mental health centre in Italy.Methods– A randomly selected sample of patients identified during 1 week of routine clinical activity was enrolled. Information was collected using the Italian-language checklistQuestionario Economico per l’attività clinica dei Servizi Psichiatrici(QESP). Costs were classified in two categories: service costs (from the provision of services) and non-service costs (loss of productivity and informal care).Results.– One hundred and twenty patients were included. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and related disorders (n = 50) had a mean age of 44.5 years (S.D. 12.9), and patients with other diagnoses (n = 70) had a mean age of 44.9 years (S.D. 14.8). More patients in the schizophrenia group were single, living alone, had a low educational level and a higher unemployment rate. In patients suffering from schizophrenia, the monthly service cost per patient was nearly double that for patients with other diagnoses. Non-service costs associated with patients’ lack of job opportunities were more than three times higher for patients with schizophrenia. Non-service costs associated with patients’ and care-givers’ time off work were similar in the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, being unemployed was associated with higher service costs. Younger age, length of illness and diagnosis of schizophrenia were determinants of higher non-service costs. The latter three independent variables were also associated with overall (service and non-service) costs.Conclusion.– The present study estimated service and non-service costs under routine circumstances to provide information on costs that community psychiatric services, patients and care-givers sustain when dealing with psychiatric problems.
Seasonal variability of epibenthic communities in different areas of the southern North Sea
Authors: Reiss Henning , Kröncke Ingrid 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBetween November 2000 and May 2002, epibenthos was sampled monthly with a 2-m beam trawl at three stations along a transect from the southern German Bight towards the northeastern part of the Dogger Bank (North Sea) in order to investigate the seasonal variability of the epibenthic communities. The stations were chosen to reflect a gradient in the hydrigraphic regime, organic matter supply, and fishing effort. The epibenthic community of the southern German Bight was characterized by high biomass and abundance, dominated by Asterias rubens and Ophiura albida. In contrast, at the northern stations in the Oyster Ground and at the Dogger Bank, epibenthic biomass and abundance were substantially lower and the dominant species were mainly crustaceans such as Corystes cassivelaunus, Liocarcinus holsatus, and Pagurus bernhardus. In terms of seasonal variability, mean abundance and biomass in the southern German Bight showed highest values in the summer months and lowest values in the winter months. A similar pattern, but less distinct, was observed in the Oyster Ground. But at the Dogger Bank the pattern was different, with highest abundance and biomass values in the winter months. The differences in spatial and temporal patterns are discussed in relation to differences in temperature, thermal stratification and fishing effort at the three study sites.
Stock structure of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in West Greenland waters: implications of transport and migration
Authors: Storr-Paulsen Marie , Wieland Kai , Hovgård Holger , Rätz Hans-Joachim 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Atlantic cod in West Greenland waters have varied greatly in abundance and distribution in the past decades. Strong year classes yielded good catches inshore and offshore in the late 1980s, but since then cod have been nearly absent offshore and the inshore fishery has been depressed, though there has been a small increase inshore over the past few years. Different components contribute to the Greenland cod stock, and re-analysed tagging experiments indicate that migration behaviour differs between them. Inshore cod are sedentary, with almost no migration between different fjord systems. In contrast, there are many cases of alongshore migration of cod tagged on the offshore fishing banks. Further, observations have been made of occasional migrations from offshore to inshore, notably so in years of good recruitment originating from Icelandic waters.
The effect of neonatal handling on adult feeding behavior is not an anxiety‐like behavior
Authors: Silveira P.P. , Portella A.K. , Clemente Z. , Gamaro G.D. , Dalmaz C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBrief periods of handling during the neonatal period have been shown to have profound and long‐lasting physiological consequences. Previous studies performed in our laboratory have demonstrated that handling the pups during the neonatal period leads to increased sweet food ingestion in adult life. The objective of this study is to verify if this effect could be explained by the enhanced anxiety levels in these animals. Litters were divided in: (1) intact; (2) handled (10 min in an incubater/day) and (3) handled + tactile stimulation (10 min/day). Procedures were performed on days 1–10 after birth. When adults, rats were tested in the elevated plus maze apparatus, light dark exploration test and open field test. They were also tested for sweet food ingestion, being injected with 2 mg/kg diazepam or vehicle 60 min before the test. Handling and handling + tactile stimulation do not alter performance in the plus maze test, but handled rats presented more crossings in the light/dark exploration test and open field (two‐way ANOVA). Females also spent more % time in the open arms in the plus maze and more time in the lit compartment in the light/dark test, presenting more crossings in both tests. Both treated rats (handled and handled + tactile stimulation groups) consumed more sweet food than intact ones (two‐way ANOVA). When diazepam was injected prior to the measurement of sweet food ingestion, there was no effect of the drug. We suggest that handling during the neonatal period leads to plastic alterations in the central nervous system of these animals, causing an increased ingestion of palatable food in adult life, and this alteration does not express an anxiety‐like behavior.
Key premises, a guide to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) surveillance and control
Authors: Chadee D.D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe population densities of Aedes aegypti Linneaus in four towns in Trinidad were studied using standard house-to-house inspections of all water-holding containers to determine whether persistently positive containers and premises existed over a three-month period in the wet season, from May to July 2002. From a total of 1503 houses inspected, 223 were positive with 41 persistently positive over the three month period and classified as ‘key premises’. The definition of the term key premises is described and the rationale for its utilization discussed. A total of 24,439 containers was inspected from Santa Margarita (6407), Mt Lambert (5709), St Augustine (5384) and Curepe (6939) of which 1.3% or 334 containers were positive for A. aegypti larvae and pupae. A total of 16,507 immatures of A. aegypti were retrieved from these containers which comprised 17 container types but when these were ranked according to productivity levels, only water drums (average 53.5%), buckets (22.2%), tubs and basins (8.0%), water tanks (5.4%), brick holes (4.2%) and tyres (2.0%) were significant (P < 0.001) producers. The role that key premises play in the introduction and re-infestation of A. aegypti-free communities is described and illustrated. These results suggest that A. aegypti control programmes could be more cost effective and sustainable by concentrating efforts on key premises and key containers to control mosquito densities and Dengue transmission while reducing manpower needs and insecticide use.
On the penetration of tubular drill pipes in horizontal oil wells
Authors: McCourt I , Truslove T , Kubie J 
Published: September 2004

To carry out remedial work in oil wells through the production tubing string, a method using a continuous length of steel tubing or coiled tubing is used. Furthermore, coiled tubing can also be used for drilling and extending existing wells. In horizontal wells, substantial frictional forces are generated which resist the motion of the tubular drill pipe as it is pushed into the well. As the penetration increases, the frictional forces arising from the contact of the tubing with the inner casing wall increase too, and the tubular pipe buckles. The buckling is initially sinusoidal but eventually transforms into helical. At this point the force required to push the tubular drill pipe rises dramatically, and the maximum penetration is then rapidly reached. To date, scale model experimental studies on horizontal wells have not reproduced the actual conditions occurring in the wells. A new experimental rig has been designed that allows for the simulation and observation of all significant parameters. An analytical model has also been developed which is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Governing modelling parameters have been identified which suggest ways to increase the penetration of tubular drill pipes in production oil wells.
Chromosome 2q terminal deletion: Report of 6 new patients and review of phenotype‐breakpoint correlations in 66 individuals
Authors: Casas Kari A. , Mononen Tarja K. , Mikail Claudia N. , Hassed Susan J. , Li Shibo , Mulvihill John J. , Lin Henry J. , Falk Rena E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report a new patient with terminal deletion of chromosome 2 with breakpoint at 2q36 and five additional new patients with 2q terminal deletion with breakpoint at 2q37. Hemidiaphragmatic hernia is a novel finding in one patient with a breakpoint at 2q37.1. In comparing these patients to 60 previously reported individuals with 2q terminal deletions, certain physical abnormalities are loosely associated with positions of breakpoint. For example, facial features (e.g., prominent forehead, depressed nasal bridge, and dysmorphic ears and nose), short stature, and short hands and feet were frequent in patients with breakpoints at or proximal to 2q37.3. Reports of horseshoe kidney and Wilms tumor were limited to patients with a breakpoint at 2q37.1, and structural brain anomalies and tracheal anomalies were reported only in patients with breakpoints at or proximal to 2q37.1. Cleft palate was reported only in patients with the most proximal breakpoints (2q36 or 2q35). Neurological effects including developmental delay, mental retardation, autistic‐like behavior, and hypotonia were typical in this patient population but did not stratify in severity according to breakpoint. Terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2 should be considered in the infant with marked hypotonia, poor feeding, gastroesophageal reflux, and growth delay, and the older child with developmental delay, autistic behavior, and the characteristic facial and integumentary features described herein. Assignment of clinical features to specific breakpoints and refinement of predictive value may be useful in counseling. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased risk of symptomatic gallbladder disease in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Tyler Carl V. , Zyzanski Stephen J. , Runser Lloyd 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPrevious reports have documented an increased prevalence of asymptomatic cholelithiasis among children with Down syndrome. Whether this predisposes adults with Down syndrome to symptomatic gallbladder disease has not been studied. A case control study compared the rate of symptomatic gallbladder disease in 28 index cases of adults with Down syndrome and that of sex‐matched controls. The rate of gallbladder disease was 25% among the Down syndrome group, compared to 4.5% among the control group (P = 0.002). Patients with Down syndrome were also more likely to have a family medical history of gallbladder disease. Utilizing logistic regression analysis, the adjusted relative risk for gallbladder disease among individuals with Down syndrome was 3.52. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structured model of influenza virus replication in MDCK cells
Authors: Sidorenko Y. , Reichl U. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIntracellular events that take place during influenza virus replication in animal cells are well understood qualitatively. However, to better understand the complex interaction of the virus with its host cell and to quantitatively analyze the use of cellular resources for virion formation or the overall dynamic for the entire infection cycle, a mathematical model for influenza virus replication has to be formulated. Here, we present a structured model for the single‐cell reproductive cycle of influenza A virus in animal cells that accounts for the individual steps of the process such as attachment, internalization, genome replication and translation, and progeny virion assembly. The model describes an average cell surrounded by a small quantity of medium and infected by a low number of virus particles. The model allows estimation of the cellular resources consumed by virus replication. Simulation results show that the number of cellular surface receptors and endosomes, as well as other resources, such as the number of free nucleotides or amino acids, is not significantly influenced by influenza virus propagation. A factor that limits the growth rate of progeny viruses and their release is the total amount of matrix proteins (M1) in the nucleus while other newly synthesized viral proteins (e.g., nucleoprotein NP) and viral RNAs accumulate. During budding, synthesis of vRNPs (viral ribonucleoprotein complexes) represents another limiting factor. Based on this model it is also possible to analyze effects of parameter changes on the dynamics of virus replication, to identify possible targets for molecular engineering, or to develop strategies for improving yields in vaccine production processes. Furthermore, a better insight into the interactions of viruses and host cells might help to improve our understanding of virus‐related diseases and to develop therapies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
pH, redox, and oxygen microprofiles in rhizosphere of bulrush (Scirpus validus) in a constructed wetland treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Bezbaruah Achintya N. , Zhang Tian C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMicroenvironmental studies regarding plant oxygen release in a wastewater environment are important to understand the principles of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and dissolved oxygen (DO) microprofiles for the lateral and main roots of the bulrush (Scirpus validus) in a vertical flow constructed wetland fed with municipal wastewater were measured using microelectrode techniques. pH was found to be low (6.91–6.98) near the lateral root surface, indicating possible nitrification or H+ extrusion. The ORP at the lateral root surface was between +250 and +317 mV and gradually reached the bulk solution ORP (+14 to –54 mV) at a radial distance of ∼4,750 μm. DO values at the lateral root surface varied from 0.64–2.04 mg L−1 as bulk biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) changed from 24 to 1,267 mg L−1. DO at the lateral root surface and the thickness of the oxygen layer around the root marginally increased with an increase in bulk BOD, while ORP at the lateral and main root surface decreased. pH and DO values did not change near the main root and had the bulk solution values. The results of this study provide insights into root‐induced microenvironments and would be helpful for the quantification of the total amount of oxygen contributed by plants in constructed wetlands. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.