bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus Statement from the Consensus Conference on Unrelated‐Donor Bone Marrow Transplants – 29 and 30 October 1996
Authors: Franklin I. M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBone marrow transplants from unrelated donors for leukaemias are increasing greatly in number and also in proportion to matched sibling‐donor transplants. The panel has considered unrelated donor transplant (UD‐BMT) on the basis of efficacy, toxicity and indications in leukaemias. The conclusions and statements are based largely but not exclusively on information provided at the Consensus Conference.
Current Status of Hepatitis G Virus (GBV‐C) in Transfusion: Is It Relevant?
Authors: Karayiannis P. , Thomas H.C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new flavivirus, provisionally designated hepatitis G virus or GBV‐C has recently been described. The virus is parenterally transmitted by exposure to blood through transfusion, intravenous drug use and haemodialysis. Heat‐ or chemically‐treated blood products are associated with reduced risk of infection. The virus may also be transmitted from mother to infant and by the sexual route. Although hepatitis G virus has been detected in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, a causative role of the virus in such cases has not been established. The majority of long term carriers of the virus appear to have no liver, biochemical or histological abnormalities.
Audit of Practice in Platelet Refractoriness
Authors: Phekoo K.J. , Hambley H. , Schey S.A. , Win N. , Carr R. , Murphy M.F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: A significant number of patients become refractory to platelet transfusion and prompt investigation of the cause will encourage appropriate selection of platelet products. Methods: We surveyed haematologists to assess perceived practice concerning platelet refractoriness because of the high cost and limited availability of HLA‐compatible platelets. Some 56 of 58 consultant haematologists participated. Results: Clinicians differed on their definition of platelet refractoriness, and non‐immune factors were not considered as important as immune causes of platelet refractoriness. A working group, including an invited moderator, was established to produce guidelines on recommended practice for the management of platelet refractoriness. Re‐audit after implementation of the guidelines showed that more patients receiving HLA‐compatible platelets had been tested for HLA antibodies. There was a mean 50.9% reduction in the use of HLA‐compatible platelets. Conclusions: Increased testing for leucocyte and platelet antibodies resulted in reduced demand for and more selective use of HLA‐compatible platelets, with no apparent increase in haemorrhagic complications.
Examining Technical Aspects of the Monoclonal Antibody Immobilisation of Granulocyte Antigen Assay
Authors: Minchinton Robyn M. , Noonan Kevin , Johnson Tamzine J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: This study was an attempt to improve detection and characterization of alloantibodies to neutrophil antigens, using the monoclonal antibody immobilisation of granulocyte antigens (MAIGA) assay. Materials and Methods: We explored the effect of different detergent concentrations, detergent class, stabilising additives, combinations of detergents, and use of a broad range of monoclonal antibodies on the results of the MAIGA assay. Results: Non‐ionic detergents, Triton X and Nonidet, were confirmed as the most suitable for solubilisation of the recognised, neutrophil‐associated alloantigens. Anionic and zwitterionic detergents did not assist the demonstration and characterisation of new neutrophil alloantigens in the MAIGA assay. Some reproducible positive MAIGA assay results were obtained for antisera 01, 08, anti‐RED, anti‐NB2, and anti‐NB1, using particular monoclonal antibodies. Conclusions: Although we are reluctant to suggest association of the targeted antigens with the particular glycoproteins identified by the capture monoclonal antibodies, NB1 glycoprotein may be closely associated, before or after antibody binding, with CD46, CD11b, CD50, and/or CD 66b.
Factor VII and Activated‐ Factor‐VII Content of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates1
Authors: Hellstern Peter , Beeck Hannelore , Fellhauer Annette , Fischer Antje , Faller‐Stöckl for the PCC Study Group Beate 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the potencies of factor VII (FVII) and of activated FVII (FVIIa) in prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC). Materials and methods: We examined 56 lots of PCC from 5 manufacturers. Three brands were licensed preparations, and 1 product series had been involved in thromboembolic complications. FVII and FVIIa were measured using a two‐stage amidolytic assay and a specific clotting assay, respectively. We also quantified FVII clotting activity by a one‐stage assay reflecting a mixture of FVII zymogen and FVIIa. Results: All PCC contained substantial amounts of FVII, and FVIIa could be detected in all lots. There were marked differences between manufacturers and some significant variabilities between batches. The two lots involved in thromboembolic events contained considerably more FVIIa than the PCC still licensed. The lowest FVIIa potencies were observed in an experimental product series, indicating that PCC can be produced without activation of FVII during the manufacturing process. Conclusion: FVIIa is present in all PCC containing FVII. High FVIIa potencies may contribute to the thrombogenic potential of these preparations, and determination of FVIIa potencies should be included in the in vitro characterization of PCC.
Moving Blood
Authors: Pelis Kim 
Published: December 2004

AbstractOur internationally acclaimed journalist Sanguinia has returned safely from her historic assignment. Travelling from Homeric Greece to British Romanticism, she was witness to blood drinking, letting, bathing, and transfusion. In this report, she explores connections between the symbolic and the sadistic; the mythic and the medical – all in an effort to appreciate the layered meanings our culture has given to the movement of blood between our bodies.
Clinical and Laboratory Experience with Erythrocyte and Platelet Preparations from a 0.5CPD Erythro‐Sol Opti System
Authors: Högman C. F. , Eriksson L. , Wallvik J. , Payrat J. M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background: Red blood cells stored as concentrates or suspensions in additive solutions change rapidly their oxygen affinity mainly due to the loss of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG). When collected in CPD with half of the normal concentration of citrate and citric acid (0.5CPD) and stored in a new additive solution (Erythro‐Sol), 2,3‐DPG is better maintained. No studies of the oxygen affinity of red cells stored under these conditions have been published. In Erythro‐Sol, red cells have a satisfactory in vivo recovery for 49 days but the conditions after 28 days, within which time most red cell units are transfused, have not been investigated. Of importance is also to be able to make platelet concentrates (PCs) from 0.5CPD blood. Little data are available concerning the clinical usefulness of platelets prepared from 0.5CPD buffy coats (BCs). Methods: Blood was collected in 0.5CPD, held at 20°C for 3–4 h, then separated with the bottom‐and‐top technique into red cells, plasma and BC. In a storage experiment with 6 U the 2,3‐DPG and P50 values were determined weekly and a number of in vitro parameters were tested on day 28. In 6 donors the in vivo recovery and survival of red cells were determined using a single‐chromium technique. Transfusions of 212 0.5CPD‐Erythro‐Sol red cell units were given to hematological patients under supervision. PCs derived from pools of 0.5CPD BCs suspended in PAS2 (T‐Sol) were transfused to 20 thrombocytopenic patients and compared with CPD‐BC‐PCs suspended in PAS1. Corrected count increments (CCI) were determined. Results: The erythrocyte 2,3‐DPG and P50 values were normal or slightly subnormal initially but increased to supernormal levels during the 1 week, and remained at these levels for a further 1–3 weeks; the 2,3‐DPG was two thirds of normal after 28 days, the P50 was 3.72±0.28 kPa after 14 days and 2.84±0.41 after 28 days (mean ± SD). The P50 values corresponded closely (r2= 0.903) to 2,3‐DPG. The in vivo recovery of 4‐week‐stored red cells was 89.6±5.5% and the T50 was 32.2±2.0 days. No adverse effects were observed in the transfusions. The CCI values did not differ between test and control groups; in both, 3‐ to 5‐day‐stored PCs gave lower CCI than fresh (0–2 days) PCs. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia AML (n = 11) had significantly lower CCI values than patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloma and lymphoma (n = 9; CCI1 h: p = 0.001; CCI24 h: p = 0.006). Conclusions: Red cells stored in Erythro‐Sol sustain a normal or slightly lowered oxygen affinity for 2–4 weeks, their viability is excellent, and they are well tolerated in clinical transfusions. Platelets prepared from 0.5CPD‐BCs cause CCls of the same magnitude as CPD‐BCs.
Evaluation of Two Different Protocols for Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection with the Fresenius AS 104 Blood Cell Separator
Authors: Menichella Giacomo , Lai Marco , Pierelli Luca , Vittori Mariangela , Serafini Riccardo , Ciarli Marina , Foddai Maria Laura , Salerno Giovanna , Sica Simona , Scambia Giovanni , Leone Giuseppe , Bizzi Bruno 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: Reconstitution of hematopoiesis by means of peripheral blood stem cells is a valid alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation. The aim of this investigation was to increase the efficiency of collection of circulating blood progenitor cells and to obtain a purer product for transplant. Methods: We carried out leukapheresis procedures with the Fresenius AS 104 blood cell separator, using two different protocols, the previously used PBSC‐LYM and a new mononuclear cell collection program. Results: Both programs were highly effective in collecting mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34+ cells. Some differences were found, especially regarding MNC yield and efficiencies. There are remarkable differences in the efficiency of collection of CD34+ cells (62.38% with the new program as opposed to 31.69% with the older one). Linear regression analysis showed a negative correlation between blood volume processed and MNC efficiency only for the PBSC‐LYM program. Differences were also observed in the degree of inverse correlation existing in both programs between patients' white blood cell precount and MNC collection efficiency. The inverse correlation was stronger for the PBSC‐LYM program. Seven patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies received high dose chemotherapy and were subsequently transplanted with peripheral blood stem cells collected using the new protocol. All patients obtained a complete and stable engraftment with the reinfusion product collected with one or two leukapheresis procedures. Conclusions: High efficiencies and yields were observed in the new protocol for MNC and CD34+ cells. These were able to effect rapid and complete bone marrow recovery after myeloablative chemotherapy.
The Serological Profile and Molecular Basis of a New Partial D Phenotype, DHR
Authors: Jones J.W. , Finning K. , Mattock R. , Williams M. , Voak D. , Scott M. L. , Avent N. D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: The Rh D antigen comprises a mosaic of at least 30 epitopes expressed on a 30‐kD non‐glycosylated Rh D polypeptide. The equivalent Rh CeEe polypeptide expressing the Rh C/c and E/e antigens differs in only 36 of the 417 amino acid residues. Partial D individuals have been described who fail to express a number of D epitopes. Materials and methods: Serologic methods were applied with monoclonal anti‐D to map epitopes on the red cells of a proposita aberrant D typing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were also done. Results: DNA sequence analysis derived by RT‐PCR using total RNA isolated from peripheral blood of this person suggests two mechanisms for the genetic basis of this variants: one where gene conversion events result in the replacement of RHD gene exons with the equivalent RHCE exons; the second where point mutation in the RHD gene generates an amino acid substitution in the Rh D protein. Conclusions: We report here a new partial D, DHR, where a single point mutation (G to A at nucleotide 686) in exon 5 of the RHD gene results in a conservative amino acid substitution (Arg229Lys), in the predicted Rh D protein. This residue is localised on the fourth predicted exofacial loop of the Rh D polypeptide as determined by hydropathy analysis. This substitution results in the lack of epD 1, 2, 12 and 20 (30 epitope model) and indicates the involvement of loop 4, and in particular the requirement of Arg229, in the expression of these epitopes.
IgA Content of Washed Red Blood Cell Concentrates
Authors: Tóth C. Baróti , Kramer J. , Pinter J. , Thék M. , Szabó J.E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSaline‐washed red blood cell (RBC) concentrates are largely depleted of leukocytes, microaggregates, and nearly of all plasma originally contained in the blood unit. Our aim was to determine the concentration of the eliminated IgA and total protein in the buffy coat and plasma removed RBC concentrate before and after a sequential dilution‐centrifugation washing procedure. 75.3% protein, and 99% IgA were eliminated by the washing process used. The recovery of red blood cells was 87.2%. Our results have led to the conclusion that two sequential washings seem to guarantee an IgA level of less than 0.2 mg/unit to meet the recommendations of the Council of Europe. Additional advantages of washing include low levels of extracellular hemoglobin, metabolic waste products and debris in the supernatant.
Complement Activation during Blood Sampling Procedures Alters the Expression of CD11b/CD18 on Human Neutrophils
Authors: Wehlin L. , Gustavsson K. , Halldén G. , Emilson A. , Svensson A. , Hild M. , Lundahl J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Differences in blood sampling and separation techniques can affect the quantitative levels of activation markers on different leukocyte subsets. We examined the effect of two sampling procedures of EDTA blood on the quantitative levels of two markers, the CD11b/CD18 antigen and the EG2 epitope on intracellular eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), in neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively. Materials and methods: Sample I was collected directly after completion of blood donation by an open technique and constant flow from the transfer tube directly into EDTA tubes. After sampling, the transfer tube was manually closed with a clamp. Sample II was collected 45 s later by the same technique by opening the clamp. Results: We found a significantly (p < 0.01) higher expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils collected by sampling procedure II than on those collected by sampling procedure I. In contrast, we did not find any difference in the intracellular ECP expression between sampling procedures I and II. To further explore the mechanisms for the observed upregulation of CD11b/CD18, fragments of a transfer tube were incubated with normal human serum (NHS) and heat‐inactivated NHS (NHS56), respectively, for 60 min at +37oC. Leukocytes from healthy blood donors were then incubated for 15 min at +37oC with these serum preparations. The CD11b/CD18 expression was significantly higher (p < 0.01) on neutrophils incubated with transfer‐tube‐activated NHS compared with NHS alone. However, when leukocytes were incubated with transfer tube activated NHS56, no difference was observed compared with incubation with NHS alone. In addition, by using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we could identify complement (C3c) deposits on the inner surface of the transfer tube fragments incubated in NHS, but not in NHS56. Conclusions: The quantitative level of the activation marker CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils, but not the EG2 epitope on intracellular ECP in eosinophils is significantly increased by a slight modification of the blood sampling procedure. It is suggested that the observed upregulation of CD11b/CD18 is caused by complement activation within the transfer tube. The results emphasize the importance of in‐house data on the effect of variations in sampling procedures, particularly when data from healthy blood donors are included in clinical studies.
Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping and Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Site‐Specific Primers Genotyping for HPA‐1 Alloantigens in an Italian Blood Donor Population
Authors: Tazzari Pier Luigi , Cirillo Dora , Bontadini Andrea , Ricci Francesca , Masi Renato , Conte Roberto 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: There is increasing interest in the development of rapid and reliable techniques for human platelet alloantigen (HPA) typing. This study investigates the reliability of flow cytometry for large‐scale immunophenotyping of platelet alloantigens. Materials and methods: We used flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction‐site‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) for the characterization of the human platelet antigen 1 (HPA‐1) mosaic in blood donors. Results: By using specific alloantisera and immunofluorescence labelling 9 (2.6%) out of 351 samples were HPA‐la‐negative. To confirm this antigenic phenotype, all of the latter samples were submitted to PCR‐SSP analysis, showing an HPA1‐b/b genomic pattern. In HPA‐la‐positive donors, flow cytometry was unable to distinguish HPA‐1a/b heterozygous from HPA‐1a/a homozygous subjects who were clearly identified by genotyping. Conclusions: Flow cytometry is a valuable tool for large‐scale screening to identify HPA‐la‐negative persons, whereas genotyping is the assay of choice for zygosity testing, antenatal diagnosis, and for thrombocytopenic alloimmunized patients.
Heterogeneity of the O Alleles at the Blood Group ABO Locus in Amerindians
Authors: Olsson Martin L. , Santos Sidney E. B. , Guerreiro Joao F. , Zago Marco A. , Chester M. Alan 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Amerindians are blood group O, but the distribution of the various O alleles is unknown. Their ABO genotypes were compared with samples from other Brazilian ethnic groups. Materials and methods: Genomic DNA was examined by PCR‐RFLP analysis, PCR‐SSP and direct sequencing. Results: An unusual allele distribution was found, with 91% of the O alleles being OIvariant. Almost half of these alleles had an additional novel mutation (G542A), which was also detected in a few other Brazilian and European samples. The O alleles correlated completely with ABO‐related haplotypes previously determined by Southern blot. Conclusion: The three Amerindian tribes represent a homogeneous (ABO blood group) population, except for the G542A mutation. The presence of this mutation in all other populations examined suggests that it originated before the migration of man into America.
New Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Glycophorins C and D, Have Anti‐Ge2 Specificity
Authors: Janvier D. , Veaux S. , Benbunan M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: The Gerbich blood group system comprises three high‐incidence antigens which have been localized on glycophorins C (GPC) and D (GPD) molecules. Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against Ge4 and Ge3 epitopes have already been obtained. We describe two murine mAbs (Z151.17 and J6) with Ge2 specificity. Materials and Methods: The mAbs were investigated by serological methods and immunoblotting, with common, Ge‐negative and enzyme‐modified RBCs. Results: Both mAbs behaved like anti‐Ge2 in serological tests, but bound to GPC and GPD on immunoblots. Z151.17 did not recognize the GPCYus or GPCGe variants, whereas J6 revealed a 25‐kD component from Ge:‐2,‐3,4 membranes, which is identical to the GPCGe molecule. Conclusion: These two mAbs are directed to slightly different epitopes. The Z151.17 and J6 epitopes are common to GPC and GPD, thus distinct from the Ge2 antigen defined by human alloantibodies.
Dra (Cromer‐Related Blood Group Antigen)‐Incompatible Renal Transplantation
Authors: Nakache Richard , Levene Cyril , Sela Ruth , Kaufman Suzana , Shapira Zaki 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Cromer system antigens, a series of blood group antigens of very high frequency, are not considered to be clinically significant in transfusion. In renal transplantation only the ABO blood group antigens are considered essential. The Drori blood group antigen is present in serum and has been found to reside on the renal tubular basement membrane and Bowman's capsule. The effect of anti‐Dra on the renal parenchyma has not been evaluated. Materials and methods: A unique case of renal transplantation of an incompatible Dr(a+) kidney to a Dr(a−) patient with anti‐Dra in her serum is presented. Results: Graft function was immediately good. The titer of anti‐Dra remained unchanged following transplantation. Conclusion: The successful outcome of a case of a Drori (Dra)‐incompatible kidney transplantation confirmed the lack of clinical significance of the anti‐Dra relating to transplantation.
α2,3‐Specific Desialylation of Human Red Cells: Effect on the Autoantigens of the Pr, Sa and Sia‐I1, ‐b1, ‐Ib1 Series
Authors: Roelcke D. , Hack H. , Kreft H. , Gross H. J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Pr1,2,3, PrM, Sa and Sia‐11, ‐b1, ‐1b1 are sialic acid (NeuNAc)‐dependent antigens recognized by human cold agglutinins. Pr and Sa antigens are the O‐glycans of glycophorins containing α2,3NeuNAc (to galactose) and/or α2,6NeuNAc (to galactosamine). The antigens of the Sia‐11, ‐b1, ‐1b1 complex are gangliosides that may carry α2,3NeuNAc (to galactose) and/or α2,8NeuNAc (to NeuNAc). We studied the NeuNAc groups involved in the antigens. Materials and methods: From 74 sera with cold agglutinins against NeuNAc‐dependent antigens, anti‐T‐free preparations were made and tested against human red cells, treated with an α2,3‐specific recombinant sialidase. Results: Most (51/62) Pr antigens use α2,3NeuNAc, some (8/62) use α2,6NeuNAc and a few (3/62) use both sialyl groups as immunodominant components on glycophorins. The immunodominant component of Sa and Sia‐11, ‐b1, ‐1b1 determinants was α2,3NeuNAc in all cases. Conclusion: The red cell target structures for cold agglutinins against NeuNAc‐dependent antigens have been identified. We propose a Pr nomenclature to reflect this. The binding of anti‐Pr to gangliosides may be the basis for anti‐Pr‐induced peripheral neuropathy.
Review of Counselling in a Transfusion Service: The London (UK) Experience
Authors: Miller R. , Hewitt P. E. , Warwick R. , Moore M. C. , Vincent B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDonor (and recipient) counselling within the Transfusion Service in the UK has grown in volume and complexity over the last 10 years. The addition of new tests for donated blood and the growth of bone marrow transplantation have increased the demands on counselling staff. New initiatives, such as the HCV look‐back programme, have required an extension of the skills and knowledge of staff involved in counselling.
How Some Attitudes, Beliefs and Motivations of Spanish Blood Donors Evolve over Time
Authors: Fernández‐Montoya A. , López‐Berrio A. , Luna del Castillo J. D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: To determine whether the attitudes, beliefs and motivations of blood donors evolve over time. Materials and Methods: Using questionnaires a 7‐year longitudinal study of a cohort of 126 donors was performed to gather their sociodemographic characteristics and their attitudes, beliefs and motivations relating to blood donation. Results: Changes were observed in a large number of beliefs and attitudes, with a reduction in fear about donation and in the need for rewards and recognition, and an increase in comfort during donation and in attitudes of duty and solidarity. However, the motivations of 65% of the sample did not change. Conclusion: With the passage of time, donors' attitudes and beliefs evolve in a way that is favourable to blood donation and their motivations remain stable.