bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular matrix‐dependent regulation of angiogenin expression in human placenta
Authors: Rajashekhar G. , Loganath Annamalai , Roy A.C. , Chong S.S. , Wong Y.C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractKnowledge of the rapidly developing hierarchy of controls affecting vascular development in placenta is required to understand how the growth factors and their receptor‐mediated signals actually produce vessels. At the cell biological level, these events clearly require stable interactions between the cells, and cells with the surrounding ECM. The objective of the study was to understand the role of integrins and ECM on the expression and secretion of angiogenin in placentas and from trophoblasts in culture. Functionally active term placental explant culture and trophoblast cultures were used to demonstrate the differential secretion profile of angiogenin and real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR to demonstrate the mRNA expression in the presence or absence of ECM proteins. In this study, a significant increase in expression and secretion of angiogenin occurred in the presence of vitronectin (VN) and fibronectin (FN). Using antibody‐blocking experiments it was also demonstrated that the angiogenin secretion is mediated by placental integrins, αVβ3 and α5β1. In addition, exposure to hypoxic conditions resulted in diminished angiogenin secretion in the presence of both ECMs suggesting that angiogenin expression in the presence of ECM is modulated by local O2 concentration. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the regulatory role of ECM and integrins on the mRNA expression and secretion of angiogenin in human placenta. ECMs may have a pivotal role in enhancing secretion of this peptide necessary for placental angiogenesis and provides the impetus as additional targets for the control of angiogenesis in pathological pregnancy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of adenovirus packaging
Authors: Ostapchuk Philomena , Hearing Patrick 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe results of studies of Adenovirus have contributed to our basic understanding of the molecular biology of the cell. While a great body of knowledge has been developed concerning Ad gene expression, viral replication, and effects on the infected host, the molecular details of the assembly process of Adenovirus particles are largely unknown. In this article, we would like to propose a theoretical model for the packaging and assembly of Adenovirus and present an overview of the studies that have contributed to our present understanding. In particular, we will summarize the molecular details of the process for packaging of viral DNA into virus particles and highlight the events in packaging and assembly that require further study. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of parathyroid hypertensive factor secretion by vitamin D3 analogs in parathyroid cells derived from spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Sutherland S.K. , Nemere I. , Benishin C.G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractParathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF) is a novel substance secreted by the parathyroid gland (PTG), which is elevated in 30–40% of all hypertensive patients; specifically, the low‐renin subset. However, very little is known about the regulation of PHF secretion. Since the classical parathyroid regulator, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25‐(OH)2D3), may be elevated concurrent with or preceding the development of low‐renin hypertension and elevated plasma PHF, we hypothesized that 1,25‐(OH)2D3 would stimulate PHF release. To test this hypothesis, PTG organ and cell cultures, derived from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the normotensive genetic control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, were exposed to various vitamin D3 metabolites and PHF release measured by ELISA. 1,25‐(OH)2D3 rapidly stimulated PHF release with enhanced sensitivity in SHR versus WKY cultures indicated by a leftward shift in the dose‐response curve, whereas 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25‐(OH)2D3) had the converse effect. Vitamin D3 analog “BT,” an agonist for the classical nuclear vitamin D receptor (1,25VDRnuc), was without effect suggesting a 1,25VDRnuc‐independent mechanism and potential involvement of the plasma membrane‐bound vitamin D receptor (1,25 D3‐MARRS). Interestingly, protein expression of the 1,25 D3‐MARRS was increased in SHR versus WKY parathyroid cells. In conclusion, these results support the idea that 1,25‐(OH)2D3 may contribute to elevated plasma PHF in the SHR. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The potential promoter regions on the 5′ flank sequence of the mu opioid receptor gene in lymphocytes
Authors: Wei Erman , Li Pingfeng , Liu Xinhua , Qian Chaowei , Li Hui , Xia Weiyi , Li Gang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe human mu opioid receptor is known to mediate a variety of physiological and pharmacological effects of morphine in many tissues. However, the molecular processes that regulate the expression of the mu opioid receptor gene in immune cells are not well understood. To study regulatory elements that affect the expression of the mu opioid receptor gene in human lymphocytes (LMOR), a 2,278 bp fragment of the 5′ regulatory region of the mu opioid receptor gene was cloned and sequenced from CEM ×174 cells. The transcriptional initiation site was mapped through a primer extension assay. A series of 5′‐deleted plasmids were constructed and transiently transfected into cultured CEM ×174 cells. The data indicated that morphine up‐regulated the mRNA level of LMOR in a dose‐dependent manner, which could be blocked by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Only one transcription initiation site (TIS) about 110 bp upstream of the translation start codon was identified. The regions from −372 to −253 and −2279 to −1371 located in the 5′ regulatory sequence of the mu opioid receptor gene contained enhancer elements, while the regions from −1371 to −968 and −650 to −370 possessed repressor elements. Those promoter elements were involved in the transcriptional regulation of the mu opioid receptor gene. Collectively, this data strongly indicates that the expression of the mu opioid receptor gene in lymphocytes is subject to the regulation of cis‐elements upstream from the TIS. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ryser's embedding problem for Hadamard matrices
Authors: Michael T. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWhat is the minimum order ${\cal R}\,(a, b)$ of a Hadamard matrix that contains an a by b submatrix of all 1's? Newman showed that

where c♯ denotes the smallest order greater than or equal to c for which a Hadamard matrix exists. It follows that if 4 divides both a and b, and if the Hadamard conjecture is true, then ${\cal R}(a,b)=ab$. We establish the improved bounds

for min {a,b} ≥ 2. The Hadamard conjecture therefore implies that if 4 divides both 2ab and ⌈a/2⌉ ⌈b/2⌉, then ${\cal R}$(a, b) = 2 ·  max {⌈a/2⌉b, ⌈b/2⌉a}. Our lower bound comes from a counting argument, while our upper bound follows from a sub‐multiplicative property of ${\cal R}$:

Improvements in our upper bound occur when suitable conference matrices or Bush‐type Hadamard matrices exist. We conjecture that any (1,−1)‐matrix of size a by b occurs as a submatrix of some Hadamard matrix of order at most ${\cal R}(a,b)$. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs
Effects of morphology and oxygen supply on schizophyllan formation by Schizophyllum commune using a pellet size controlling bioreactor
Authors: Shu Chin‐Hang , Chou Pou‐Fu , Hsu I‐Ching 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of mycelial morphology and oxygen supply on the production of the anti‐tumor polysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in this study. A pellet size controlling bioreactor has been used successfully for the production of the anti‐tumor polysaccharide of S commune. The average pellet size of mycelia in a bubble column bioreactor was around 20.5 mm in a typical run without using pellet size control. By forcing the fermentation broth through a pellet size control device with a stainless screen at five different fermentation times ranging from 1.0 to 4.5 days in each batch, different fungal pellet sizes ranging from 12.3 to 3.0 mm were achieved. The formation of anti‐tumor polysaccharide, schizophyllan (SPG), was significantly associated with the pellet morphology and oxygen supply rate. An optimal product yield of 0.29 g g−1 glucose was obtained when the pellet size was controlled at 12.3 mm. Oxygen transfer limitation inside the pellets was responsible for the formation of entrapped polysaccharide. Maximum entrapped SPG yield (Yp/s entrapped) of 0.88 g g−1 glucose occurred at the optimal pellet size of 12.3 mm. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Anisotropic a posteriori error estimation for the mixed discontinuous Galerkin approximation of the Stokes problem
Authors: Creusé Emmanuel , Nicaise Serge 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article presents a posteriori error estimates for the mixed discontinuous Galerkin approximation of the stationary Stokes problem. We consider anisotropic finite element discretizations, i.e., elements with very large aspect ratio. Our analysis covers two‐ and three‐dimensional domains. Lower and upper error bounds are proved with minimal assumptions on the meshes. The lower error bound is uniform with respect to the mesh anisotropy. The upper error bound depends on a proper alignment of the anisotropy of the mesh, which is a common feature of anisotropic error estimation. In the special case of isotropic meshes, the results simplify, and upper and lower error bounds hold unconditionally. The numerical experiments confirm the theoretical predictions and show the usefulness of the anisotropic error estimator. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
Study on siloxane‐modified polyurethane dispersions from various polydimethylsiloxanes
Authors: Chen Ruei‐Shin , Chang Chih‐Jen , Chang Yih‐Her 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this work, various polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) are incorporated with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA), and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) by the prepolymer process to synthesize a series of siloxane‐modified polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) with 35 wt % solid content, viscosities of 20–100 cps, and particle sizes of 40–130 nm. Hydrophobic PDMS was introduced into the PU chain either based on random distribution or through the block segment arrangement. We also establish the composition‐property relationship of PDMS‐PUD, which includes PDMS's type and molecular weight and PDMS‐PUD film's contact angle and mechanical property. The tensile strength of PDMS‐PUD film is decreased with increasing amount of PDMS. Scanning electron microscopy for chemical element analysis indicated that PDMS migrated to the surface much more easily in the block arrangement than in the random distribution. Also, some PDMS‐PUD films show a peau‐like surface, so their PUDs are considered promising to be used in processes for textiles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3482–3490, 2005
Cylindrical polymer brushes
Authors: Zhang Mingfu , Müller Axel H. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn recent years, research on cylindrical polymer brushes (or molecular bottlebrushes) has received significant attention. In this article, we discuss various strategies for their synthesis and the unique properties arising from their regular multibranched structure. Some recent advances in the application of cylindrical polymer brushes are highlighted. Amphiphilic core– shell cylindrical polymer brushes, for example, have been successfully used as single molecular templates for inorganic nanoparticle formation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3461–3481, 2005
DFT conformational studies of the HI‐6 molecule
Authors: Silva Gustavo R. , Borges Itamar , Figueroa‐Villar Jose D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA systematic study of the oxime HI‐6 [1‐(2‐hydroxyiminomethyl‐1‐pyridinium)‐1‐(4‐carboxy‐aminopyridinium)dimethyl ether] hydrochloride, which is one of the most promising antidotes against soman intoxication, was carried out using density functional theory with the B3LYP (Becke, Lee, Yang, and Parr) method and the 6‐31+G*, 6‐31+G*, and 6‐31+G** basis sets. Rotational barriers, equilibrium geometries, and charge distributions were calculated in order to investigate the role of the side chain for the larger oximes used as antidotes in the treatment of neurotoxic organophosphate poisoning. Also reported is the comparison between HI‐6 and pralidoxime (2‐PAM), a smaller oxime previously studied in our research group. It is shown that conformation minima for the protonated E isomer do not depend on the size of the side chain; on the other hand, this effect has a pronounced influence on the protonated Z isomer. For the unprotonated isomers, other effects, such as electrostatic interactions and resonance, should be taken into account in their conformational analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Theoretical study of adsorption of methyltert‐butyl ether on broken clay minerals surfaces
Authors: Michalkova A. , Johnson L. D. , Gorb L. , Zhikol O. A. , Shishkin O. V. , Leszczynski J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe interactions between methyltert‐butyl ether (MTBE) and differently defected tetrahedral and octahedral fragments of clay minerals containing Si4+, Al3+, and Mg2+central cations have been studied at the B3LYP and MP2 levels of theory in conjunction with the 6‐31G(d) basis set. MTBE interacts with defect clay structures due to the formation of multiple CH…O and OH…O hydrogen bonds. Interactions of MTBE with systems containing different types of defected mineral fragments were found to vary. Systems containing the same type of defected mineral fragment with different central cation interact almost the same way with MTBE. The formation of hydrogen bonds leads to changes in the geometrical parameters and to the polarization of MTBE. The values of the interaction energies depend on the charge of the mineral fragment. They amount to 5 kcal/mol–35 kcal/mol. MTBE interacts more preferably with octahedral fragments than with tetrahedral fragments that contain an Al3+central cation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Characterization of moenomycin antibiotics from medicated chicken feed by ion‐trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization
Authors: Eichhorn Peter , Aga Diana S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe antimicrobial moenomycin, commonly used as a growth promoter in livestock, was isolated from medicated chicken feed. The purified extract was subjected to reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic separation followed by structural characterization using ion‐trap mass spectrometry (ITMS), which allowed identification of five moenomycins (A, A12, C1, C3, and C4) as the major components. The fragmentation patterns of the protonated and deprotonated moenomycin molecules, as well as of a series of sodium adducts, were investigated using ITMS after electrospray ionization. While the protonated molecules [M+H]+ proved highly unstable and underwent extensive in‐source fragmentation, isolation and activation of the [MH]− ions (m/z 1580 for moenomycin‐A) yielded simple mass spectra with a dominant base peak corresponding to the loss of the carboxy‐glycol and the C25‐hydrocarbon chain (m/z 1152 for moenomycin‐A). Further study of this fragment ion in an MS3 experiment gave rise to a peculiar product ion (m/z 902 for moenomycin‐A) that was attributed to the expulsion of a carbohydrate moiety representing a central building block of the linear molecule. In positive ion mode the generation of the mono‐sodiated adduct ions, [M+Na]+, was promoted by amending the mobile phase with 100 µM sodium acetate, but this also resulted in higher adducts of the type [M+2NaH]+ and [M+3Na2H]+ arising from the formation of the sodium salts of the phosphate acid diester and subsequently of the carboxylic acid. Substantial differences among the fragment‐rich product ion profiles of the three species were observed, and could in part be traced back to the mode of complexation of the additional sodium cation(s). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of labor pain
Authors: Lang Ariel J. , Sorrell John T. , Rodgers Carie S. , Lebeck Meredith M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPsychosocial factors have been implicated in the pain experience during childbirth, which can have both short‐ and long‐term consequences on the mother's health and her relationship with her infant. The present study evaluated important demographic, social, and psychological factors as predictors of multiple dimensions of labor pain among 35 mothers during childbirth. The results indicated that anxiety sensitivity (AS), as measured by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, shared a significant relation with maximum pain during labor as well as sensory and affective components of pain as measured by the McGill Pain Questionnaire. AS predicted both maximum pain during labor and sensory aspects of pain above and beyond demographic and social factors as well as other theoretically important psychological factors (e.g., depression and state anxiety). These data replicate previous research that has demonstrated the significant impact of AS on pain responding in other areas (e.g., chronic pain) and extend knowledge in this literature to demonstrate the important role that AS serves among women and their experience of labor pain. Clinical implications are highlighted and discussed.
Development and evaluation of catch per unit effort indices for southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) on the Campbell Island Rise, New Zealand
Authors: Hanchet Stuart M. , Blackwell Ron G. , Dunn Alistair 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
This paper develops standardized commercial cpue indices for a highly aggregated spawning fishery in New Zealand waters, and verifies the indices using fishery-independent data. Indices were calculated for all vessels using three different measures of effort, and for vessel subsets based on processing type (surimi and dressed), and relative experience in the fishery. Trends in cpue were consistent with trends in fishery-independent acoustic surveys, age composition of the commercial catch, and recent stock assessment results. In particular, the cpue indices tracked the more than fourfold increase in abundance from 1993 to 1996 associated with the recruitment of the strong 1991 year class, and the decline in relative abundance as this year class was fished down. Despite this being a highly aggregated spawning fishery, there was little evidence for hyperstability. There were also significant differences in fishing strategies of the fleets between periods of high and low fish abundance.
Psychosocial impairment in offspring of depressed parents
Authors: LEWINSOHN PETER M. , OLINO THOMAS M. , KLEIN DANIEL N. 
Published: June 2005

Background. Offspring of depressed parents experience impairment in a number of domains of functioning. Few studies have examined the impact of both maternal and paternal depression and co-morbid psychopathology on offspring functioning.Method. Oregon Adolescent Depression Project participants were administered diagnostic interviews and completed measures of psychosocial functioning during adolescence (mean=16·6, S.D.=1·19) and again during young adulthood (mean=24·5, S.D.=0·51). Diagnostic interviews were also conducted with the mothers and fathers of the target individual.Results. After controlling for relevant demographic characteristics, parental co-morbid psychopathology, and offspring psychopathology, maternal depression was associated with higher levels of physical symptoms (β=0·14, S.E.=0·07) during adolescence, and higher levels of minor stressors (β=2·52, S.E.=1·07) and a greater risk for using mental health services (OR 1·86, 95% CI 1·14–3·03) in young adulthood. Paternal depression was associated with offspring experiencing more major stressors (β=0·27, S.E.=0·07), having lower perceived social competence (β=−0·17, S.E.=0·08), and being more likely to attempt suicide (OR 2·65, 95% CI 1·19–5·92) during adolescence, as well as lower perceived social competence (β=−1·21, S.E.=0·49) in young adulthood.Conclusions. Offspring of depressed parents demonstrate impairment in a variety of domains, even after controlling for the effects of their own psychopathology. Further research on the mechanisms that lead to these impairments, as well as the role of these impairments in the subsequent development of psychopathology, is warranted.
Heritability of life satisfaction in adults: a twin-family study
Authors: STUBBE J. H. , POSTHUMA D. , BOOMSMA D. I. , De GEUS E. J. C. 
Published: June 2005

Background. Subjective well-being (SWB) can be partitioned into the components life satisfaction and affect. Research on factors influencing these components of well-being has mainly focused on environmental characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of genes and environment to individual differences in life satisfaction in a large sample of Dutch twins and their singleton siblings.Method. Life satisfaction of 5668 subjects registered with The Netherlands Twin Registry (NTR) was measured with a Dutch version of the self-reported Satisfaction with Life Scale. An extended twin design was used to obtain correlations in life satisfaction scores for monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins and sibling pairs and to estimate the contribution of genes and environment to the variation in life satisfaction.Results. No differences between males and females were found in the mean level of life satisfaction. Broad-sense heritability was 38%. Non-additive genetic factors explained all or most of the genetic influences. The remaining 62% of the variance in life satisfaction could be attributed to unique environmental factors, both persistent and transitory, plus measurement error.Conclusions. Individual differences in life satisfaction are determined in part by genetic factors that are largely or entirely non-additive in nature.
Cathepsin S, a novel biomarker of adiposity: relevance to atherogenesis
Authors: Taleb Soraya , Lacasa Danièle , Bastard Jean‐Philippe , Poitou Christine , Cancello Raffaella , Pelloux Veronique , Viguerie Nathalie , Benis Arriel , Zucker Jean‐Daniel , Bouillot Jean‐Luc , Coussieu Christiane , Basdevant Arnaud , Langin Dominique , Clement Karine 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe molecular mechanisms by which obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate biomarkers overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese subjects that could link expanded fat mass to atherosclerosis. We compared gene expression profile in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scWAT) of 28 obese and 11 lean subjects using microarray technology. This analysis identified 240 genes significantly overexpressed in scWAT of obese subjects. The genes were then ranked according to the correlation between gene expression and body mass index (BMI). In this list, the elastolytic cysteine protease cathepsin S was among the highly correlated genes. RT‐PCR and Western blotting confirmed the increase in cathepsin S mRNA (P=0.006) and protein (P<0.05) in obese scWAT. The circulating concentrations of cathepsin S were also significantly higher in obese than in nonobese subjects (P<0.0001). Both cathepsin S mRNA in scWAT and circulating levels were positively correlated with BMI, body fat, and plasma triglyceride levels. In addition, we show that the proinflammatory factors, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin‐lβ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α increase cathepsin S secretion in human scWAT explants. This study identifies cathepsin S as a novel marker of adiposity. Since this enzyme has been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, we propose that cathepsin S represents a molecular link between obesity and atherosclerosis.