bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computational Lagrangian–Eulerian advection remap for free surface flows
Authors: Ashgriz Nasser , Barbat Tiberiu , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA VOF‐based algorithm for advecting free surfaces and interfaces across a 2‐D unstructured grid is presented. This algorithm is based on a combination of a Computational Lagrangian–Eulerian Advection Remap and the Volume of the Fluid method (CLEAR‐VOF). A set of geometric tools are used to remap the advected shape of the volume fraction from one cell onto the Eulerian fixed unstructured grid. The geometric remapping is used to compute the fluxes onto a group of neighbouring cells of the mesh. These fluxes are then redistributed and corrected to satisfy the conservation of mass. Here, we present methods for developing identification algorithms for surface cells and incorporating them with CLEAR‐VOF. The CLEAR‐VOF algorithm is then tested for translation of several geometries. It is also incorporated in a finite element based flow solver and tested in a laminar flow over a broad‐crested weir and a turbulent flow over a semi‐circular obstacle. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability analysis of abnormal multiplication of plankton using parameter identification technique
Authors: Ohno G. , Kawahara M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper presents the mathematical approach for the abnormal multiplication of plankton. An abnormal multiplication can be expressed as an unstable problem and the stability of the system is investigated by introducing eigenvalues of a mathematical equation. The stability of the system can be judged by an eigenvalue based on the Lyapunov's stability theory. In this paper, the Arnoldi‐QR method is used to obtain eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system. The mode superposition method is employed to create spatial distribution needed to analyse the stability. To obtain the objective eigenvalue, the parameter identification technique is employed. The finite element method is used for the discretization in space. Lake Kasumigaura, which is located in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan, is selected and actual data in 1975, 1976, 1991 and 2000 are used in order to investigate the stability of the specified lake in Japan. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of [18F]3‐[1‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐(S)‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylmethoxy]pyridine ([18F]NicFP): a potential α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor radioligand for PET
Authors: Dumont Filip , Sultana Abida , Balter Andrew , Waterhouse Rikki N. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors are widely distributed throughout the human brain and are believed to play a role in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In order to identify an effective PET radioligand for in vivo assessment of the α4β2 subtype of nicotinic receptor, we synthesized [18F]3‐[1‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐(S)‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylmethoxy]pyridine (NicFP). The in vitro KD of NicFP was determined to be 1.1 nM, and the log P value obtained by HPLC analysis of the unlabelled standard was found to be 2.2. The radiosynthesis of [18F]NicFP was carried out by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of anhydrous [18F]fluoride and the corresponding mesylate precursor. After purification by HPLC, the radiochemical yield was determined to be 11.3±2.1% and the specific activity was 0.47±0.18 Ci/μmol (EOS, n = 3). The time of synthesis and purification was 99±2 min. The final product was prepared as a sterile saline solution suitable for in vivo use. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene seasonal sea‐surface temperature variations in the southern Adriatic Sea inferred from a multiproxy approach
Authors: Sangiorgi Francesca , Capotondi Lucilla , Combourieu Nebout Nathalie , Vigliotti Luigi , Brinkhuis Henk , Giunta Simona , Lotter Andrè F. , Morigi Caterina , Negri Alessandra , Reichart Gert‐Jan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractHolocene cooling events have been reconstructed for the southern Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean) by means of analyses of organic walled dinoflagellate cysts, planktonic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes, calcareous nanoplankton, alkenones and pollen from a sediment core. Two cooling events have been detected, during which sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) were ca. 2°C lower. Unravelling the SST signal into dominant seasonal components suggests maximum winter cooling of 2°C at around 6.0 ka, whereas the cooling at ca. 3.0 ka might be the result of a spring temperature cooling of 2–3°C. The events, lasting several hundred years, are apparently synchronous with those in the Aegean Sea, where they have been related to known cooling events from the Greenland ice‐core record. A distinct interruption in Adriatic Sea sapropel S1 is not clearly accompanied by a local drop in winter temperatures, but seems to be forced by ventilation, which probably occurred earlier in the Aegean Sea and was subsequently transmitted to the Adriatic Sea. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quaternary palaeoceanographic changes in the northern South China Sea (ODP Site 1146): radiolarian evidence
Authors: Wang Rujian , Clemens Steven , Huang Baoqi , Chen Muhong 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe abundance and accumulation rates of siliceous microfossils in the northern South China Sea, including radiolarians, diatoms and sponge spicules, increased during most glacial intervals within the past 1100 kyr. Similar trends are observed in the index of thermocline surface radiolarians (TSR), diatom accumulation rates (DAR), charcoal accumulation rates (CAR) and the abundance of radiolarian species Cycladophora davisiana davisiana. Decreasing sea‐surface temperature accompanied by increased seasonality since 900 ka is indicated by a decline in the tropical radiolarian assemblage, including Tetrapyle octacantha and Octopyle stenozona, and by an increase in the subtropical assemblage, including Pterocorys zancleus, Peromelissa phalacra and Ommatartuts tetrathalamus tetrathalamus. Rapid increases at about 800 to 700 ka of siliceous microfossils, charcoal, subsurface and intermediate radiolarians, as well as the TSR index and the DAR, imply a fundamental shift in climate and a shoaling thermocline. Although these fundamental changes in the silicious fauna and flora of the South China Sea take place within the context of a developing 100‐kyr cycle, they do not change in step with changing sea‐level as indicated by marine δ18O. This is most clearly illustrated by the step‐like increase in silica accumulation (radiolaria, diatoms and sponge spicules) at 680 ka. Rather, these fundamental changes probably reflect intensified surface productivity associated with enhanced East Asian winter‐monsoon circulation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geological and archaeological evidence of active faulting on the Martana Fault (Umbria–Marche Apennines, Italy) and its geodynamic implications
Authors: Bonini Marco , Tanini Chiara , Moratti Giovanna , Piccardi Luigi , Sani Federico 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper examines the morphotectonic and structural–geological characteristics of the Quaternary Martana Fault in the Umbria–Marche Apennines fold‐and‐thrust belt. This structure is more than 30 km long and comprises two segments: a N–NNW‐trending longer segment and a 100°N‐trending segment. After developing as a normal fault in Early Pleistocene times, the N–NNW Martana Fault segment experienced a phase of dextral faulting extending from the Early to Middle Pleistocene boundary until around 0.39 Ma, the absolute age of volcanics erupted in correspondence to releasing bends. The establishment of a stress field with a NE–ENE‐trending σ3 axis and NW–NNW σ1 axis in Late Pleistocene to Holocene times resulted in a strong component of sinistral faulting along N–NNW‐trending fault segments and almost pure normal faulting on newly formed NW–SE faults. Fresh fault scarps, the interaction of faulting with drainage systems and displacement of alluvial fan apexes provide evidence of the ongoing activity of this fault. The active left‐lateral kinematic along N–NNW‐trending fault segments is also revealed by the 1.8 m horizontal offset of the E–W‐trending Decumanus road, at the Roman town of Carsulae. We interpret the present‐day kinematics of the Martana Fault as consistent with a model connecting surface structures to the inferred north‐northwest trending lithospheric shear zone marking the western boundary of the Adria Plate. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geomorphological markers of faulting and neotectonic activity along the western Andean margin, northern Chile
Authors: Audin Laurence , Herail Gérard , Riquelme Rodrigo , Darrozes José , Martinod Joseph , Font Eric 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, some ephemeral channels are developed in the Plio‐Quaternary alluvial sequence that caps the Neogene Atacama Gravels Formation. Geomorphological studies and high‐resolution digital elevation data (GPS) along a structural transect in the Central Depression are used to document modern growth history of subtle folding and faulting in the fore‐arc region. Outcrop data of the most recent deposits are combined with observations of warped and faulted late Quaternary pediments, alluvial fans and terrace surfaces to propose unsuspected neotectonic processes on the western flank of the Domeyko Cordillera. Neotectonic process recognition is here based largely upon the interpretation of alluvial landforms, drainage organisation and evolution as the intermittent river network shows systematic patterns of course deflections, successive incisions or deposition processes as it encounters the fault scarps or folds in the superficial deposits. This area presents both N–S‐trending active vertical faults in the topographically higher pampas, and N–S‐trending active folding in the lower pampas. These faults seem to accommodate E–W extension and compression that could be related to uplift of the western Andean margin within a compressive context. Uplift may have taken place unevenly over the past few million years after the deposition of the superficial alluvial surfaces that cap the Neogene Atacama Gravels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geomorphological palaeoenvironments of the Sneeuberg Range, Great Karoo, South Africa
Authors: Holmes P. J. , Boardman J. , Parsons A. J. , Marker M. E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSedimentary sequences within headwater valleys on the landward side of the Great Escarpment of South Africa are elucidated and their significance as indicators of environmental change is assessed. This study focuses on the Sneeuberg Range, the most prominent mountain range in the semi‐arid central Great Karoo. Valley fills of a hitherto unrecognised complexity and of a greater age than any previously recorded in the central Great Karoo are reported. Three phases of deposition spanning the Late Pleistocene up to the present are documented from sites where gully erosion has incised the valley fills. The earliest depositional phase is represented by deeply weathered, calcretised gravel deposits, which probably were emplaced by debris flow and fluvial processes in the form of a fan. These deposits subsequently were buried by finer grained, largely unconsolidated sediment, with much of this emplacement occurring during the Holocene. There is evidence for phases of landscape stability and instability within this facies. Finally, sheetwash has removed fine‐grained sediments from valley flanks and has deposited it either on valley bottoms, or in presently active gullies. This process appears to be ongoing, and is the subject of current investigation. The sedimentary deposits are interpreted as representing a wide range of palaeoenvironmental conditions that have prevailed within the central Great Karoo since the penultimate glaciation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abrupt vegetation changes during the last glacial to Holocene transition in mid‐latitude South America
Authors: Moreno Patricio I. , León Ana L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA pollen record from the Huelmo site (ca. 41°30′S) shows that vegetation and climate changed at millennial time‐scales during the last glacial to Holocene transition in the mid‐latitude region of western South America. The record shows that a Nothofagus parkland dominated the landscape between 16 400 and 14 600 14C yr BP, along with Magellanic Moorland and cupressaceous conifers. Evergreen North Patagonian rainforest taxa expanded in pulses at 14 200 and 13 000 14C yr BP, following a prominent rise in Nothofagus at 14 600 14C yr BP. Highly diverse, closed canopy rainforests dominated the lowlands between 13 000 and 12 500 14C yr BP, followed by the expansion of cold‐resistant podocarps and Nothofagus at ca. 12 500 and 11 500 14C yr BP. Local disturbance by fire favoured the expansion of shade‐intolerant opportunistic taxa between 10 900 and 10 200 14C yr BP. Subsequent warming pulses at 10 200 and 9100 14C yr BP led to the expansion of thermophilous, summer‐drought resistant Valdivian rainforest trees until 6900 14C yr BP.Our results suggest that cold and hyperhumid conditions characterised the final phase of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), between 16 400 and 14 600 14C yr BP. The last ice age Termination commenced with a prominent warming event that led to a rapid expansion of North Patagonian trees and the abrupt withdrawal of Andean ice lobes from their LGM positon at ca. 147 000 14C yr BP. Hyperhumid conditions prevailed between 16 400 and 13 000 14C yr BP, what we term the ‘extreme glacial mode’ of westerly activity. This condition was brought about by a northward shift and/or intensification of the southern westerlies. The warmest/driest conditions of the last glacial–interglacial transition occurred between 9100 and 6900 14C yr BP. During this period, the westerlies shifted to an ‘extreme interglacial mode’ of activity, via a poleward migration of stormtracks. Our results indicate that a highly variable climatic interval lasting 5500 14C years separate the opposite extremes of vegetation and climate during the last glacial‐interglacial cycle, i.e. the end of the LGM and the onset of the early Holocene warm and dry period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Southwest Scandinavia, 40–15 kyr BP: palaeogeography and environmental change
Authors: Houmark‐Nielsen Michael , Henrik Kjær Kurt 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTwelve palaeogeographical reconstructions illustrate environmental changes at the southwest rim of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet 40–15 kyr BP. Synchronised land, sea and glacier configurations are based on the lithostratigraphy of tills and intertill sediments. Dating is provided by optically stimulated luminescence and calibrated accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon.An interstadial sequence ca. 40–30 kyr BP with boreo‐arctic proglacial fjords and subarctic flora and occasional glaciation in the Baltic was succeeded by a Last Glacial Maximum sequence ca. 30–20 kyr BP, with the closure of fjords and subsequent ice streams in glacial lake basins in Kattegat and the Baltic. Steadily flowing ice from Sweden bordered the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream. A deglaciation sequence ca. 20–15 kyr BP indicates the transgression of arctic waters, retreat of the Swedish ice and advance of Baltic ice streams succeeded by a return to interstadial conditions.When ameliorated ice‐free conditions prevailed in maritime regions, glaciers advanced through the Baltic and when interstadial regimes dominated the Baltic, glaciers expanded off the Norwegian coast. The largest glacier extent was reached in the North Sea around 29 kyr BP, about 22 kyr BP in Denmark and ca. 18 kyr BP in the Baltic. Our model provides new data for future numerical and qualitative landform‐based models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Femtosecond optical harmonic generation as a non‐linear spectroscopic probe for carbon nanotubes
Authors: Konorov S. O. , Akimov D. A. , Ivanov A. A. , Alfimov M. V. , Botti S. , Ciardi R. , De Dominicis L. , Asilyan L. S. , Podshivalov A. A. , Sidorov‐Biryukov D. A. , Fantoni R. , Zheltikov A. M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSecond‐ and third‐harmonic generation in single‐wall carbon nanotube layers produced by low‐velocity spraying was studied experimentally with the use of amplified 75 fs pulses of Cr:forsterite laser radiation within the range of pump pulse intensities up to the breakdown threshold. Harmonic‐generation processes are shown to be ideally suited for the non‐linear spectroscopy and structure analysis of carbon nanotubes, in many ways supplementary to Raman spectroscopy. The second‐ and third‐harmonic yields scale as quadratic and cubic functions, respectively, of the pump pulse energy up to pump intensities of 1012 W cm−2, indicating the perturbative regime of non‐linear‐optical interactions and suggesting a convenient calibration for the second and third harmonics employed as spectroscopic probes. Comparison of harmonic‐generation data with absorption spectra of carbon‐nanotube layers reveals an important role of quantum confinement effects in the non‐linear coherent scattering of light from carbon nanotubes. Femtosecond pulses of Cr:forsterite laser radiation also generate the fifth optical harmonic at 251 nm in the glass substrate of carbon‐nanotube samples, which can be employed for UV spectroscopy and subwavelength‐resolution non‐linear microscopy of carbon nanotubes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulated emission pumping by two‐color resonant four‐wave mixing: rotational characterization of vibrationally excited HCO (X̃2A′)
Authors: Radi P. P. , Tulej M. , Knopp G. , Beaud P. , Gerber T. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractStimulated emission pumping by applying two‐color resonant four‐wave mixing was used to measure rotationally resolved spectra of the HCO (0,0,0) B̃2A′–(0, 3, 1)X̃2A′ transition. The formyl radical is produced by photodissociation of formaldehyde at 31710.8 cm−1 under thermalized conditions in a low‐pressure cell. In contrast to the highly congested one‐color spectrum of HCO at room temperature, the double‐resonance method yields well isolated transitions which are assigned unambiguously owing to intermediate level labeling. Eighty‐nine rotational transitions were assigned and yield accurate rotational constants for the vibrationally excited (0,3,1) band of the electronic ground state X̃2A′ of HCO. The determined rotational constant A = 25.84 ± 0.01 cm−1 is considerably higher than that for the vibrationless ground state and reflects the structural change due to excitation of the bending mode of the formyl radical. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFWM: a proposed method to measure χ(3) on carbon nanotubes on the nanosecond time‐scale
Authors: Botti S. , Ciardi R. , De Dominicis L. , Fantoni R. , Asilyan L. S. , Fiori A. , Appolloni R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe have investigated the third order nonlinear optical properties of carbon nanotubes thick films. Nanosecond Degenerate Four Wave Mixing (DFWM) measurements have been performed at 532 and 355 nm yielding effective χ(3) values of the order of 10−11 esu. and indicating the resonant nature of the excitation involved. The determination of the CNTs sample density by means of Scanning Electronic Microscope technique allowed to relate sample bulk properties like χ(3) to the single CNT second order polarizability coefficient. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced instrumentation for non‐linear Raman microscopy
Authors: Yakovlev V. V. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOver the past several years, there was a renaissance of non‐linear Raman microscopy based on coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy. We propose and experimentally implement a novel approach to construct an apparatus for non‐linear Raman imaging. The complete set‐up can be constructed for <$50 000 and can be used for a large variety of spectroscopic applications including CARS microscopy and non‐linear optical sensing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of theortho‐/paradeuterium concentration ratio with femtosecond CARS
Authors: Knopp G. , Kirch K. , Beaud P. , Mishima K. , Spitzer H. , Radi P. , Tulej M. , Gerber T. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe time‐resolved femtosecond coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) method was used for the determination ofpara‐ andortho‐states in gaseous deuterium (D2). The present investigations at the SINQ (‘Spallations Neutronen Quelle’) spallation neutron source at the Paul Scherer Institute (PSI) were performed for the development of an effective ultra‐cold neutron (UCN) source. High concentrations ofortho‐D2in UCN sources are mandatory and therefore flexible applications for the measurement ofortho‐D2concentrations are of interest. Hence the non‐equilibriumortho‐D2concentration in gas samples, taken from the liquid D2cold moderator of the SINQ, was measured with fs‐CARS. It is shown that the sensitivity of fs‐CARS due to the nuclear spin degeneracy is high, and that the method is an ideal tool for D2para‐ andortho‐state investigations. At a sample temperature of 298 K theortho‐D2concentration for thermalized D2was measured as 66.664(16)% of the total D2concentration, whereas the fraction ofortho‐D2molecules in a specific sample from the spallation source was found to be 70.68(33)%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐pressure pure rotational CARS: comparison of temperature measurements with O2, N2 and synthetic air
Authors: Seeger T. , Beyrau F. , Bräuer A. , Leipertz A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe accuracy of pure rotational coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) temperature measurements was investigated using O2, N2 and synthetic air for comparison. These measurements were performed in a high‐pressure cell for pressures between 0.1 and 15 MPa. The cell temperature was varied between 300 to 700 K. The temperature values deduced from the pure rotational CARS S‐branch of O2 are in good agreement with the reference thermocouple reading. For the temperature and pressure range investigated, the accuracy for O2 measurements was better than that obtained for N2 and synthetic air. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linewidths and shifts of carbon dioxide CARS spectra near the critical point
Authors: Arakcheev V. G. , Bagratashvili V. N. , Valeev A. A. , Gordiyenko V. M. , Kireev V. V. , Morozov V. B. , Olenin A. N. , Popov V. K. , Tunkin V. G. , Yakovlev D. V. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTransformation of the Q‐branch in CARS spectra of the low‐wavenumber Fermi dyad 2ν2/ν1 component was studied in CO2 near the critical point (Tc = 31.03 °C, Pc = 72.8 atm). CARS spectra were collected along several isotherms in the temperature and pressure ranges 25.6–36.1 °C and 48–118 atm, respectively. The dependence of linewidth on pressure has an extremum at temperatures >31 °C with a maximum linewidth ∼50% greater than in liquid CO2. The position of the maximum was shifted from the critical to higher pressure with temperature increase. Interpretation of this inhomogeneous broadening is given in terms of cluster microstructure of the supercritical fluid. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.