bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obscenity And Blasphemy
Authors: Nicol Andrew , Millar Gavin , Sharland Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Obscene and blasphemous speech (together with racist speech, discussed in depth in chapter 7) are regulated, at least in part, because of their ability to offend and shock some or all of the population. Indeed, the protection of individuals from offence as a result of attacks on their religion is really the only justification for prohibiting blasphemous speech.
Queen regnant
Authors: Claydon Tony , Speck W A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mary was not left alone to govern, for although the Regency Act made no mention of a council, William appointed one consisting of nine of the principal ministers of state. He clearly gave her his opinion of them, for in July she wrote to him ‘I thought you had given me wrong characters of men, but now I see they answer my expectation of being as little of a mind as a body’ (Dalrymple, vol. 2, appendix, part 2, 143). Their failure to arrive at a consensus was due to the fact that five were tories while four were whigs. Mary was not impressed by any of the nine, her own comments on each of them being negative.
Theatre in Management and Organization Development A Critique of Current Trends
Authors: Coopey John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Chapter presents a preliminary critique of the recent growth in the use of theatre in management education and training and organization development. It is preliminary in the sense that, because little empirical work seems to have been published on the use of theatre in this way, the review presented here draws mainly on journal and newspaper articles, claims made in theatre company brochures, and two case studies written up by the author.
Becoming Better Consultants through Varieties of Experiential Learning
Authors: Neumann Jean E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organizational consultants help their clients understand difficulties, address problems, and anticipate challenges by applying social science theory and methodology. Depending on their consultancy domain and requests brought by their typical clients practitioners evolve approaches that work sufficiently to enable continued practice (Neumann 2004). At some point in their careers, most consultants experience frustration and dissatisfaction with the state of their own consultancy.
Working with Experiential Learning A Critical Perspective in Practice
Authors: Trehan Kiran , Rigg Clare 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Chapter reflects on experiences of running a management development programme where the pedagogical process is as significant as the content for participants’ learning. The programme works through an approach to experiential learning that incorporates insights from Critical Management Learning, integrating action learning and critical reflection with a central focus on the notions of power, empowerment, and openness that have been pivotal to the aspirations of experiential learning.
Choosing a surgeon
Authors: Waterhouse Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ensure your surgeon is trained and qualified to perform your procedure. Beware of inducements (gift vouchers, ‘two for one’ deals) to proceed with surgery. Always meet your surgeon before the operation (not a ‘counsellor’ or company agent). Check that the hospital where you will be treated has all the necessary facilities and staff.
For anyone considering a cosmetic procedure, the process of choosing a surgeon can be convoluted and confusing. Unlike most other branches of medicine, the traditional role of the general practitioner in recommending a specialist has been eroded in the field of cosmetic surgery. Many people feel that they shouldn’t bother their GP for advice about cosmetic surgery because it is not ‘serious’ and may be a waste of their time. Regrettably, some GPs may indeed be unsympathetic or not know who to recommend.
Building a Theory
Authors: Van de Ven Andrew H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the theory building activities illustrated in Figure 4.1 of the engaged scholarship process. The central objective of theory building is to develop plausible and interesting conceptual models that answer a question about the problem as formulated in the last chapter. A central theme of engaged scholarship is the close interplay between theory and reality. In the last chapter this theme emphasized that formulating a research problem requires robust theories and concepts. This chapter applies the theme to theory building. Building a theory requires intimate familiarity with the problem domain. Problem formulation and theory building go hand in hand. Another theme is engagement. Just as problem formulation requires involvement of those who experience and know the problem domain, theory building is greatly enhanced by engaging knowledge experts in relevant disciplines and functions.
Communicating and Using Research Knowledge
Authors: Van de Ven Andrew H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The problem formulation, theory building, and research design activities discussed in previous chapters set the stage for problem solving in the engaged scholarship model, as shown in Figure 8.1. Problem solving entails a variety of activities undertaken to communicate and apply research findings with an audience. Presumably these findings provide empirical answers to the research questions about the problems that motivated the research. Let us also assume that these study findings meet the dual hurdles of relevance and rigor and have the potential to advance knowledge for science and practice.
The interaction between Asia and the West, 1500–2003
Authors: Maddison Angus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Direct maritime contact between western Europe and Asia was initiated by Vasco da Gama in 1497. The European impact on Asia was important but much more modest than what happened in the Americas in the centuries following 1492. Asia’s population was five times that of western Europe and 14 times as big as the Americas in 1500. The technological level in Asia was much more sophisticated than in the Americas, and its major states—the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Persia, the Moghul Empire, China, and Japan—were infinitely better equipped to resist conquest than the Aztecs, Incas, and tribes of the Americas.
The Nineteen-Sixties: ‘You ‘ve Never Had it So Good ’
Authors: Fletcher Winston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In April 1966
Time Magazine ’s cover story was ‘Swinging London ’, and it editorialized: ‘Every decade has its city, and for the Sixties that city is London. ‘ But it wasn ‘t only London that was swinging. For the first time in Britain ’s history there was widespread private affluence (combined admittedly with public squalor, in J. K. Galbraith ’s plangent phrase). In the 1960s Britain witnessed an unparalleled explosion of innovation in almost every sphere of culture. This was the natural reaction to thirty years of depression and gloom. It was the decade when the contraceptive pill transformed women ’s lives—with incidental and immeasurable longterm consequences for advertising—and also transformed both sexes ‘ attitudes to . . . sex. It was also, perhaps partly as a result, the decade when young creativity supplanted the old, and disrespect for the past supplanted respect.
Remedies
Authors: Hondius Professor Dr. Ewoud , Heutger Dr. Viola , Jeloschek Dr. Christoph , Sivesand Dr. Hanna , Wiewiorowska Aneta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If a party fails to perform an obligation under the contract, the other party may exercise the remedies provided in Chapters 8 and 9 of the Principles of European Contract Law, except as other-wise provided in this Chapter. The starting point for the Sales Principles is that, in the event of the non-performance of any obligation by either party under the contract, the aggrieved party may resort to the remedies contained in Chapters 8 and 9 of the Principles of European Contract Law. In essence, this Article therefore merely repeats Article 1:201, which sets out the general relationship between these two sets of Principles. However, the wording (‘except as otherwise provided’) also makes it clear that the present Principles provide for sales-specific rules on remedies that deviate from the general regime contained in the Principles of European Contract Law (for the differences, see Article 4:201 Comments B and Y). This Chapter addresses two kinds of deviations from the rules on remedies contained in the Principles of European Contract Law. Both have been deemed necessary since the remedial regime of the Principles of European Contract Law provides solutions that are, at times, too general and thus do not to solve all the specific problems in the context of remedies under a sales contract. Section 1 contains modifications of, or additions to, the general remedial regime of the Principles of European Contract Law as such. It is important to note that these salesspecific rules apply in the case of a breach of any obligation under the contract, unless the parties have agreed otherwise, rather than the relevant provisions of the Principles of European Contract Law.
Principles of European Law Study Group on a European Civil Code Lease of Goods (PEL LG)
Authors: Lilleholt Kåre , Victorin† Anders , Fötschl Andreas , Konow Berte-Elen R , Meidell Andreas , Tørum Amund Bjøranger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Study Group on a European Civil Code has taken upon itself the task of drafting common European principles for the most important aspects of the law of obligations and for certain parts of the law of property in movables which are especially relevant for the functioning of the common market. Like the Commission on European Contract Law's Principles of European Contract Law, the results of the research conducted by the Study Group on a European Civil Code seek to advance the process of Europeanisation of private law. Among other topics the series tackles sales and service contracts, distribution contracts and security rights, renting contracts and loan agreements, negotiorum gestio, delicts and unjustified enrichment law, transfer of property, and trust law. The principles furnish each of the national jurisdictions a grid reference. They can be agreed upon by the parties within the framework of the rules of private international law. They may provide a stimulus to both the national and European legislator for moulding private law. Beyond this, they aim to further discussion about the creation of a European Civil Code, or a Common Frame of Reference in the area of patrimonial law, by submitting a concrete model. The Principles of European Law are published in co-operation with Bruylant (Belgium), Sellier (Germany), and Staempfli Publishers Ltd. (Switzerland).
The Evolution of Business Knowledge in Smaller Firms
Authors: Thorpe Richard , Jones Oswald , Macpherson Allan , Holt Robin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Smaller firms form an important part of any economy. In the United Kingdom, there are 4.3 million firms and 99.8% have less than 250 employees. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for 50% of all UK economic activity and 58.7% of private sector jobs (Tilley and Tonge 2003; SBS 2007). In addition to their contribution in GDP terms, small firms are also important sources of innovation (Tether 2000). Notwithstanding this economic contribution, we still know relatively little about the management processes in smaller firms. It is only relatively recently that they have been taken seriously by academic researchers and afforded the importance they deserve.
Knowledge Brokering in High-Tech Start-Ups
Authors: Zhang Joanne Jin , Baden-Fuller Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is well established that brokers (boundary-spanning individuals) add value to organizations because they bring together in the course of their brokering activities much needed knowledge (Burt 1992), including information and know-how (Kogut and Zander 1992). Studies in different research streams have emphasized that this knowledge is typically technical or rare and has a measurable influence on the actor’s survival and success, see for instance the work on intra-organization technical communication (Tushman and Scanlan 1981), project-based television and film talent recruiting (Bielby and Bielby 1999), and employee recruiting (Finlay and Coverdill 2000).
Knowledge Integration and Resource Selection in the UK Film Industry
Authors: Lampel Joseph , Jha Pushkar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The production of knowledge from other knowledge is a complex and uncertain business. It is complex because the production of knowledge often depends on the integration of disparate bodies of knowledge, and it is uncertain because under most circumstances knowledge cannot be separated from the human beings and the social settings in which it is embedded.
The problem of knowledge integration has therefore two facets.
Rethinking the Role of Management Consultants as Disseminators of Business Knowledge Knowledge Flows, Directions, and Conditions in Consulting Projects
Authors: Sturdy Andrew , Handley Karen , Clark Timothy , Fincham Robin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consultants are seen as core agents in the dissemination of business knowledge through their relative expertise and/or rhetorical and knowledge management practices. However, relatively few studies focus specifically on their role in projects with client organizations. This chapter examines knowledge flow in consultancy projects from longitudinal observation and interview research as well as a survey of clients and consultants working together. Our analysis suggests that the conventional view of consultants as disseminators of new management ideas to clients is, at best, exaggerated and certainly misrepresents their role in project work.
Antagonism, Knowledge, and Innovation: Organizations and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Hanlon Gerard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has grown as a strategically important area for business over the past twenty years. Most recently, the Economist and Harvard Business Review (2003) ran special issues on CSR, and increasing numbers of academic papers are being written on CSR. On top of this, in the ‘real’ world, corporations such as British Nuclear Fuels Ltd and Shell have embarked upon ongoing dialogues with stakeholders over a number of years in bids to become what Shell called ‘the world’s most admired company’ (Fombrum and Rindova 2000) through a process of engagement and transparency.
Conclusions
Authors: Scarbrough Harry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is risky to generalize too far about a series of studies that ranges so widely across different settings and topics. In surveying the contribution made by preceding chapters, though, it seems safe to claim that they demonstrate the extraordinarily multifaceted nature of knowledge and learning in a business context. Previous studies have rather emphasized the formation and application of particular forms of knowledge, be it through organizational learning, the scientific knowledge produced by R&D functions, or the specialist expertise of engineers and other professional groups. The much richer view that the preceding chapters give us is in many cases testimony to the methodological choices made by their authors. In a number of these chapters, the micro-level or multi-level approach adopted sees knowledge as essentially ‘socially constructed’ (Berger and Luckmann 1967); not so much an input to or output from firms, but rather emerging from the way people work together in different business contexts, both to develop shared understandings of their work and to create and absorb new ideas about it.
Challenge Of International Lawlessness
Authors: Jackson Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As men experienced in the conduct of legal institutions which, among men, have largely displaced violence by adjudication, we should have some practical competence in measures to maintain justice among nations. The Roosevelt-Churchill conference has directed discussion toward the implications of the war in terms of peace. But our people are still thinking cynically of all peace plans, for they feel frustrated and aggrieved at the interruption of a peace they had thought to be permanent.
Nurnberg Trials
Authors: Dodd Thomas J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The author, a resident of Lebanon, Conn., is special assistant to the Attorney General of the U. S. and has been Chief Trial Counsel for the U. S. in many important prosecutions. During the war years he prosecuted espionage in war fraud cases. He is Vice-President of the International Penal Law Society and was Executive Trial Counsel to Mr. Justice Robert H. Jackson, the Chief American prosecutor at the Nurnberg trial.—adversary proceedings, of the historical facts and forces, before and during the worst war in history.
The Nuremberg Trial
Authors: Lawrence (Lord Oaksey) Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Prime Minister, The Rt. Hon. Clement R. Attlee: Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a great privilege to me tonight to introduce to you an old schoolfellow who has done, I think, a very great work. We have seen in the past decade all kinds of standards of civilization swept away. At the Nuremberg Trial it fell to Lord Justice Lawrence to show the whole world what British justice means, and I hold that in that he did a high honour to himself, a high honour to this country and a great service to the world.
The Nuremberg Trials and the Question of Responsibility for Aggression
Authors: Poltorak A I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The entire world is troubled by the aggressive actions of the US against the Vietnamese people. During this war, unleashed by the United States, the American warmongers have started to use barbaric means of warfare, such as napalm bombs and poisonous gases which are prohibited under the Geneva Protocol of 1925. The policy being implemented by the US towards the Vietnamese people is a brutal infringement of the UN Charter and the Geneva Agreements of 1954 and it is, in essence, an open and blatant act of aggression, i.e., a crime according to Article 6(a) of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal.
Nuremberg Legacy’
Authors: Bassiouni M Cherif 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On August 8, 1945, the London Charter was signed, opening the way for the prosecution of the major war criminals of the European theater of operations before the International Military Tribunal (IMT) sitting at Nuremberg.² The following year the Allies established the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) in Tokyo, a counterpart tribunal for the major war criminals of the Asia-Pacific theater of operations. The two, however, are legally distinguishable. The IMT was established by a treaty, originally signed by the Four Major Allies and acceded to by nineteen European states. The IMTFE, however, was established by the military order of General Douglas MacArthur pursuant to his authority as Supreme Allied Commander for the Pacific.
Coping with family and friends
Authors: Selikowitz Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The birth of any child can increase tensions in a marriage, and the birth of a child with Down syndrome will usually place extra stress on the parents. It is important for parents to be aware of the problems that siblings of a child with Down syndrome may face, and to take steps to minimize these. Grandparents usually feel helpless and it is often best to involve them in some way. You will need to develop strategies for dealing with the occasional hurtful reaction, and it is worthwhile giving some thought to these early on, so that you do not find yourself unprepared.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME)
Authors: Campling Frankie , Sharpe Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains one of the most controversial illnesses, both in terms of its causes, and the best ways to treat the illness. For years, sufferers have had to deal with scepticism from their families, employers, and even health care professionals. The vast amount of conflicting advice that has been published up to now has served only to confuse sufferers, and professionals, even more. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: The Facts presents a compassionate guide to this illness, providing sufferers and their families, with practical advice, based solely on scientific evidence. It is unique in being written by both a sufferer and a physician, both of whom have had extensive experience of talking to, and helping, patients. Included in the book is a detailed guide to self-help, written from a patient's perspective, but evidence-based. The book also deals with a number of special issues, advising on how to choose therapies and therapists, and how to deal with CFS in children. The book additionally includes an overview of the history of the illness, looking at the nature and causes of CFS, and the opportunities for the future. The book will be invaluable for sufferers from CFS, their friends and families, and the numerous health professionals who come into contact with sufferers from this illness.
Appropriate exercise
Authors: Campling Frankie , Sharpe Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You may well have found that doing nothing for a day or two reduces your symptoms. Understandably, therefore, you may have decided that more rest is the answer. However, though we all need reasonable periods of good quality rest, too much rest also has bad effects. It leads to muscle weakness, stiff joints, poor circulation with postural hypotension (loss of blood pressure control causing dizziness on standing up), and back problems. It also causes loss of motivation and poor concentration, and in the long term more fatigue. Research for the American space program me found that prolonged rest—even for periods as short as 2 weeks—can cause these changes, even in fit young people.
Managing employment
Authors: Campling Frankie , Sharpe Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You may still be working (even with great difficulty) or you may not be working but have made enough improvement to be able to think about getting back to work. What would be the best way of managing employment without putting too much strain on yourself? As we have said before, each person and each situation is different, so there are no hard and fast rules. However, we can offer some general, tried and tested suggestions.
Methodological Challenges Associated with Public Service Motivation Research
Authors: Wright Bradley E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using individual attitudes and values to explain employee behavior is fraught with difficulties. In particular, any such endeavor will face numerous challenges in both measuring the existence/prevalence of the relevant constructs as well as meeting the conditions necessary for making causal claims between them. Confidence in any theory of work-related behavior can only be developed by building a substantial body of empirical work as no single study can fully satisfy the conditions necessary to establish existence or causality. The study of public service motivation is no exception. To identify some of the more immediate challenges that must be addressed, it is necessary to review the current status of the public service motivation literature as a whole. Given the relative infancy of public service motivation research, it should be neither surprising nor disheartening to find that scholars must still address a number of fundamental methodological challenges.