bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lamp Life Predictive Model for Avionics Backlights
Authors: Webster Richard P. , Nelson Leonard Y. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTActive Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (AMLCDs) used in avionics applications require high luminance, high efficacy, and long‐life backlights. Currently, fluorescent lamps are the favored light sources for these high performance avionics backlights. Their spectral characteristics and high electrical efficiency are well suited to illuminating AMLCDs used in avionics applications. Fluorescent lamps, however, suffer gradual reduction in luminance output caused by various degradation mechanisms.Korry Electronics Co. recently developed a mathematical model for predicting fluorescent lamp life. The model's basis is the well characterized exponential decay of the phosphor output. The primary luminance degradation mechanism of a fluorescent lamp is related to the arc discharge. Consequently, phosphor depreciation is proportional to the discharge arc power divided by the phosphor surface area. This “wall loading” is a parameter in the computer model developed to extrapolate long‐term luminance performance. Our model predicts a rapidly increasing decay rate of the lamp output as the input power is increased to sustain constant luminance. Eventually, a run‐away condition occurs — lamp arc power must be increased by unrealistically large factors (>5x) to maintain the required luminance output. This condition represents the end of the useful lamp life.The lamp life model requires the definition of several key parameters in order to accurately predict the useful lamp life of an avionics backlight. These important factors include the construction of the lamp, lamp arc power, a decay constant based on the phosphor loading, and the operational profile. Based on the above‐mentioned factors, our model approximates the useful lamp life of an avionics backlight using fluorescent lamp technology. Comparisons between calculated and experimental lamp depreciation are presented.
Surface Profiler for 1100mm Flat Panels, Dektak OSP1100 Overhead Scanning Stylus Profiler
Authors: Naumann Walter , Bland Loren , Cunningham Tim , Grossman Jeff 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA generation of large area flat panel stylus profilers is being built using a new approach to positioning and moving the measurement head over the sample. This approach has several advantages to FPD Manufacturers, including reduced footprint, lower measurement noise, and superior positioning repeatability.
P‐27: A Small‐Area Backlight Employing Divergent‐Angle Beam Rotator and Unique Double‐Layer Micro‐Prisms
Authors: Tai C.‐Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn energy efficient Divergent Angle Rotator backlighting technology is developed to illuminate small size displays using point‐like light sources. Based on reflecting light beams from tilted surfaces created on the top surface of the light pipe, this technology not only effectively converts light from a point‐like light source into a collimated planar light source but also eliminates images of the light source in the specular reflection based backlighting system. It collimates light beams on both dimensions.
P‐29: Line‐Image‐Scanning Head Mounted Display
Authors: Aye T. M. , Yu K. , Kostrzewski A. , Savant G. , Jannson J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a head‐mounted display (HMD) based on a high speed miniature CMOS Liquid Crystal Display (CMOS‐LCD) and holographic optics. Taking advantage of the speed of CMOS‐LCD, and low speed scanning in one direction, this new display should be capable of producing RGB color images with high resolution over a large field of view.
P‐30: Liquid Crystal Tunable Diffuser for Display Applications
Authors: Aye T. M. , Qian S. , Yu K. , Savant G. , Jannson J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPhysical Optics Corporation demonstrated a tunable diffuser combining liquid crystal materials with a proprietary light shaping diffuser. A voltage across the structure controls the optical index match between the two material layers, switching the device between the diffusing and transparent states. When used as a direct‐view LCD, this tunable diffuser will improve angular viewing characteristics, contrast, and dynamic range.
Effect of N‐Doped Hydrogen‐Free DLC Coating on Mo‐Tip FEAs
Authors: Kim Hoon , Jung Jae Hoon , Ju Byeong Kwon , Chung Suk Jae , Jang Jin , Oh Myung Hwan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNitrogen gas phase doped diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coating on molybdenum‐tip field emitter arrays (FEAs) has been used to improve electron emission characteristics. The conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method using a layer‐by‐layer technique was applied to deposit N‐doped hydrogen‐free DLC films. Electron emission characteristics were measured and possibility of applying this type of emitters to high frequency field emission displays (FEDs) was reported. The turn‐on voltage of Mo‐tip FEAs was decreased from 75V to 55V by DLC coating and emission current was more stable than that of conventional Mo‐tip FEAs. The transconductance of Mo‐tip FEAs was increased by N‐doped hydrogen‐free DLC coating with lowering effective work function of emitters.
Electron Field Emission from a‐C:F:N Film Deposited by Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Chung Suk Jae , Han Eun Jung , Moon Jong Hyun , Oh Myung Hwan , Jang Jin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAmorphous fluorocarbon (a‐C:F) is of interest for low dielectric interlayer material, but in this work we applied this material to FED field emitter. N‐doped a‐C: F films were deposited by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICPCVD). The optimum doping concentration was found to be (N2)/(CF4) = 9% in the gas phase. The turn‐on field and the emission current density at (N2)/(CF4) = 9% were found to be 7.34 V/μm and 16 μA/cm2 at 12.8 V/μm, respectively.
P‐41: Improvement of Low‐Voltage Phosphors by Ar‐Gas Sputtering Treatments after Electron Bombardment: ZnS:Cu,Al and ZnGa2O4:Mn
Authors: Jin Y. W. , Jang J. E. , Jung J. E. , Ryu Y. S. , Park Y. J. , Cha S. N. , Kim J. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractElectrophoretically deposited low voltage phosphors of FED are irradiated by electron beam from the Spindt micro tip arrays. The conditions of phosphor surface are analyzed at various conditions. Ar gas treatment is used for stabilizing the surface of ZnS:Cu,Al and ZnGa2O4:Mn with improved conditions. It is found that the electron irradiation on the phosphor seriously causes carbon effect to the phosphor surface, resulting in dark color defects on the real 4 inch FED panel. However, the contaminated phosphor surface is effectively eliminated by the gas sputtering treatment on it, and proved experimentally.
P‐42: Design and Implementation of PDP Driving System Based on Irregular Addressing Scheme
Authors: Kim S. , Son I. , Myoung D. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract160 × 120 monochrome double‐substrate AC‐PDP was successfully operated with 64 gray scale irregular addressing to result in the 3‐fold luminance improvement over the conventional sequential addressing. The details of design and implementation of PDP driving system is described with the experimental results. It is shown that the irregular addressing scheme can be implemented using the existing PDP driver ICs with the minimal overhead in logic design complexity.
3D Simulations of a Single‐Substrate AC‐PDP Cell with Barrier Ribs
Authors: Drallos P. J. , Khudik V. N. , Nagorny V. P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThree dimentional, self‐consistent simulations of Ne‐Xe discharges in a single‐substrate plasma display panel (PDP) cell with barrier ribs are presented. We investigate the influence of the address elec‐ trode and rib spacing on the spreading and confinement of sustain discharges.
P‐57: High‐Resolution Projection Screen with Adjustable Diffusing Angles
Authors: Maxfield M. , Wilson J. , Zou H. , Rodriquez R. , Beasley R. , Battell K. , Shewareged B. , Hou J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new class of projection screens has been developed having a wide range of viewing angles while being thin and highly transmissive, and preseming image resolution to a high degree. The viewing angle of these projection screens can be cimdar, variably non‐cirw.dar (wider in one axis than the other), or offset in one axis (with peak luminance offset from normal. Their high diffusing power enables them to exhibit wide viewing angles even when embedded in a low index matrix. Theiz fine features enable them to be used in pain to substantially reduce speckle while maintaining high image resolution
LP‐O: High‐Contrast‐Ratio Broad‐Angle LC Polarizing Beamsplitter
Authors: Vinokur K. , Shariv I. , Gorbatov N. , Pilossof N. , Cheifetz E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn efficient, broadband polarizing beam splitter based on birefringence of liquid crystals suitable for projection and communication systems was developed. Large aperture (about 2″), broad band (450nm–800nm or 1,000nm–1,800nm), wide acceptance angle (±10°), high splitting efficiency (contrast better than of 3,000:1 for the transmitted channel and 200:1–2,000:1 for the reflected one) with polarization axes matching the prism entrance and exit were achieved. Specially designed beveled edges contribute to beam splitter mechanical stability and manufacturability. The contrast remains better than 200:1 over the visible range at 45°C. Enhanced contrast for s‐polarization is obtained in a version that incorporates two reflecting surfaces within the prism. The device, used simultaneously as polarizer, analyzer, and combiner, is suitable for compact efficient high intensity image projector.
Multi‐Domainlike, Homeotropic Nematic Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Lee S. H. , Kim H. Y. , Kim S. C. , Lee Y. H. , Park I. C. , Rho B. G. , Park J. S. , Lee C. H. , Galabova H. G. , Allender D. W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report a novel liquid crystal display (LCD) associated with homeotropic to multi‐domainlike (HMD) transition for a nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy. This device shows a wide viewing angle over 60° in all directions and a fast response time. The molecular director configuration and the electro‐optic effect associated with the HMD deformation are discussed in this report.
LP‐F:Late‐News Poster:Wide‐Viewing‐Angle TFT‐LCDs Optimized for Desktop and Avionics Applications
Authors: Yuan H. , Fiske T. , Lewis A. , Silverstein L. D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have modeled and optimized TN‐TFT‐LCDS with novel film compensation methods, appropriate liquid crystal materials, and cell designs to achieve extremely wide viewing angles required for desktop and avionics applications. We have built such TN‐TFT‐LCDs, measured their optical performance, and confirmed the very large usable viewing volume. The optimized TN‐TFT‐LCDS show a 30:1 contrast ratio beyond +/− 80° in the horizontal direction and beyond −35° and +55° in the vertical direction. Measurements have also been taken for in‐plane switch (IPS) mode TFT‐LCDS and the results will be compared to our newly developed wide viewing angle TN‐TFT‐LCDS.
LP‐G: Late‐News Poster: Hybrid Switching Mode for Wide‐Viewing‐Angle TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Shin H. H. , Lee H.‐C. , Park J.‐J. , Kwon S.‐B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper reports on a hybrid switching(HS) mode for achieving wide viewing angle TFT‐LCDs. In the newly developed HS mode, pixel electrodes are designed to apply electric field both in the vertical and horizontal direction, which is effective for high display performance as well as wide viewing angle. We have developed high performance 14.1 inch TFT‐LCD monitor using HS method.
A Photo‐Dimerized Monolayer as a Non‐Rubbing Alignment Layer for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Shenoy D. , Grüneberg K. , Naciri J. , Chen Mu‐San , Shashidhar R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new non‐rubbing process suitable for active matrix LCDs has been developed. The process involves the formation of a silane‐based monolayer on the surface followed by UV irradiation. This leads to a photo‐dimerized alignment layer capable of giving a defect‐free alignment of nematic liquid crystals. The electro‐optic characteristics of LCDs fabricated using the photo‐dimerized layer are shown to be comparable to those with a rubbed polyimide alignment layer. In addition, the anchoring energies in the two cases are shown to be very similar making the new alignment layer technology attractive for applications.
LP‐H: Late‐News Poster: New Photo‐Alignment Materials with High Sensitivity to Near‐UV Light
Authors: Makita Y. , Natsui T. , Kimura S. , Nakata S. , Kimura M. , Matsuki K. , Takeuchi K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe developed new photo alignment materials based on chalcone structure with the high photo reactivity and high sensitivity to near UV light. Poly(4‐methacryloyloxy chalcone), PM4Ch, and its derivatives exhibited good LC alignment capability upon near UV exposure. The LC alignment capability was preserved when the LC cells were annealed at 170°C. The possible photochemical degradation by deep UV can be prevented by using these new materials.
P‐71: A Chiral‐Homeotropic Cell for 2.5‐V TFT‐LCD Operation
Authors: Wu S. T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA chiral‐homeotropic LC cell is demonstrated to possess a very high contrast and low operation voltage. Using a 120° twist angle and an LC mixture with dielectric anisotropy of Δ∍= −6, the operation voltage is reduced to 2.5Vrms. This operation mode is useful for both transmissive and reflective displays. Low voltage operation of such a TFT‐LCD would reduce the power consumption and lower the cost of driving electronics.
P‐74: Development of Reflective Color STN‐LCD Using a New Optimizing Method of Retarders and a Polarizer
Authors: Itou O. , Komura S. , Kuwabara K. , Funahata K. , Kondo K. , Kubo K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReflective color SIN ‐ LCDs are one of the most suitable displays for personal digital assistant applications, but their image quality has not yet reached the level to satisfy users' needs. Their image quality depends on many parameters such as absorption axis of the polarizer, optical axes and retardation of two retarders. A new optimization method is developed to improve image quality taking account of the polarization states of the light after reflection at the reflector.
P‐77: FLC Materials with Fast Response Time and High Contrast Ratio for the τ‐Vmin Mode FLCDs
Authors: Koden M. , Furukawa T. , Kabe M. , Okamoto S. , Sakaigawa A. , Sako T. , Sugino M. , Tagawa A. , Jones J. C. , Anderson M. H. , Dunn P. E. , Hughes J. R. , Lymer K. P. , Minter V. , Russell K. G. , Slaney A. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNew ferroelectnc liquid crystal (FLC) materials for the τ‐Vmin mode FLCDS were developed, realizing fast response time (12μsec/line) and high contrast ratio (higher than 100:1). The developed FLC materials are useful for simple multiplexing FLCDs with high contrast and moving full color images, realizing high bit temporal dither for gray scale.
P‐78: Characteristics and Driving Scheme of Polymer‐Stabilized Monostable FLCD Exhibiting Fast Response Time and High Contrast Ratio with Gray‐Scale Capability
Authors: Furue H. , Kobayashi S. , IImura Y. , Hasebe H. , Takatsu H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have fabricated a zig‐zag defect‐free surface‐stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display (SSFLCD) by using a newly developed polyamide(PI) alignment film and by adopting polymer stabilization with a polymer network with mesogenic side chains. The fabricated polymer‐stabilized (PS) SSFLCD exhibits high contrast ratio (230:1) and fast response speed (τ=40 μs) with perfect grayscale capability. The developed PI films were characterized by surface morphology study with an AFM and by switching characteristics of FLC cells. We suggest that the freedom of zig‐zag defect of the SSFLC cells is attributed to the smoothness of the rubbed PI films. We have developed a new driving scheme for our monostable FLCD that has an asymmetric electrooptical characteristics. Further, we have developed a prototype experimental of field sequential full color LCD using our monostable FLCD.
Electrooptical Properties of Phase Separated Composite Organic Films of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Vorflusev V. , Sergan T. , Kumar S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new structure of a light modulating element based on ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) is fabricated. It is prepared by the photopolymerization induced phase separation of an initially isotropic solution of FLC and a prepolymer. The element consists of two successive layers parallel to the cell substrates. One layer is the isotropic polymer and the other is the FLC macroscopically aligned by a rubbed alignment layer. A study of electrooptical properties of these FLC elements reveals a continuous gray scale, contrast ratio 100:1 along the cell normal, line addressing times of microseconds in the active mode. Because of their internal structure, they are insensitive to mechanical stress.
4.1:Invited Paper:Full‐Color Organic EL Display
Authors: Hosokawa C. , Matsuura M. , Eida M. , Fukuoka K. , Tokailin H. , Kusumoto T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor the first time, we report a full color organic display with 10 inch diagonal size and high resolution (VGA). This display was based on blue organic EL with color changing mediums (CCM). A blue emitting material with heat resistance was developed and used.In the construction of the full color display, we used a tapered In2O3‐ZnO with an Al auxiliary electrodes as an anode with a low resistivity of 2Ω/square. In addition, the CCM structure was improved in order to increase a contrast ratio of the display.
P‐84: A Fast Frame‐Rate Bistable Cholesteric Reflective Display
Authors: Anderson J. , Watson P. , Ruth J. , Sergan V. , Bos P. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the design of fast frame rate Bistable Cholesteric Texture (BCT) reflective displays. A theoretical study of the effect of relaxation time from homeotropic to planar on brightness is shown. We experimentally determine of the effect of frame rate, level of interlacing, and size of the display on brightness and contrast ratio. A summary of drive waveforms is also presented.
LP‐I: Late‐News Poster: Gray Scale of Bistable Reflective Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Huang X.‐Y. , Miller N. , Khan A. , Davis D. , Deane J. W. , Yang D.‐K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report the first gray scale reflective bistable cholesteric display with dynamic drive. We successfully achieve 8 to 16 levels of gray on a VGA format display at 133 dpi. The image shows good contrast and rich gray depth.
LP‐J: Late‐News Poster: Designing Concepts of the Discotic Negative Birefringence Compensation Films
Authors: Mori H. , Bos P. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe optical compensation mechanisms and the designing concepts of the discotic negative birefringence film, which realized the wide viewing angle for TN‐LCDS, are clarified. Two factors, the relative direction of the slow axes and the retardation values, are important for understanding the optical effects of the discotic film. The cause of the color‐shift in the horizontal directions is also explained. The combination of the discotic film with the π cell drastically improves the color‐shift problem. The viewing angle problem of polarizers is also discussed.
Polymer‐Stabilized Diffraction Gratings from Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Lee S. N. , Chien L.‐C. , Sprunt S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report the use of a low concentration polymer network to stabilize electric field‐induced diffraction gratings in cholesteric liquid crystals. The stabilized gratings can be electrically switched between a zero‐field “on” state, which exhibits approximately 75% diffraction efficiency, and a moderate field (typically 3 V/micron) “off” state. Grating spacings between 1.7 and 30 microns are obtained in a 10 micron thick cell by variation of the concentration of chiral dopant used to form the cholesteric liquid crystal. Scanning electron micrograph indicates that morphology of polymer‐stabilized gratings is very uniform and highlyz oriented structure.
P‐92: High‐Speed‐Addressing Method of a Bistable Twisted‐Nematic LCD
Authors: Lee G.‐D. , Kim H.‐S. , Yoon T.‐H. , Kim J. C. , Lee E.‐S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper we propose a high‐speed matrix‐addressing method to reduce the addressing time in a bistable TN LCD. By investigating the pulse width and the minimum voltage of the selection pulse as we vary the position of the selection pulse, we found that the addressing time can be reduced below 0.5 μs by moving the position of the selection pulse.
A Novel π/2 and 5π/2 Twist Bistable TN Cell
Authors: Xie Z. L. , Gao H. J. , Kwok H. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a novel π/2 and 5π/2 twist bistable TN LC cell. The optical properties of such bistable TN LCD was optimized by a parameter space approach. The switching behaviour was investigated using several switching waveforms. Greyscaling was found to be possible in this bistable TN LCD.
LP‐L: Late‐News Poster: Novel Configuration of the Zenithal Bistable Nematic Liquid‐Crystal Device
Authors: Jones J. C. , Wood E. L. , Bryan‐Brown G. P. , Hui V. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractZenithal Bistable Devices (ZBD) are grating aligned nematic liquid crystal devices‐which retain the written image after removal of the field and despite mechanical stress. This makes them a most suitable candidate for application in high information content, plastic displays. A novel ZBD configuration is reported which offers significantly improved optical performance, particularly whilst the image is being updated.
29.1: MgO Coating by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering for Large‐Screen Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Pan C. , O'Keefe P. , Kester J. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMgO films have been successfully deposited by a DC reactive magnetron sputtering process using magnesium metal targets. The MgO films exhibit a preferred (111) orientation, high crystallinity, large grain size, good uniformity and better than 90% optical transmission. These properties are comparable to those produced by electron beam evaporation which is currently the predominant technique for MgO coating. The cathode voltage and the control thereof were found to be critical to the deposition process. This work demonstrates that reactive magnetron sputtering is a viable alternative for depositing high quality, uniform MgO on large substrates for plasma display applications.
29.2: High‐Rate Deposition of MgO Films for ACPDPS by Activated Reactive Evaporation Using Hollow‐Cathode Discharge (HCD‐ARE)
Authors: Hakomori M. , Matsuzaki K. , Kurauchi T. , Matsuura M. , Yamakawa H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a new MgO film synthesizing method employing HCD‐ARE which enables high film deposition rates up to 73nmls. This method was found to prevent thermal damage to the glass substrate during deposition. The discharge voltage characteristics of AC‐PDPS protected by MgO film prepared by HCD‐ARE were determined to be sufficient for practical application.
30.2: A 4.5‐in. Full‐Color VGA Poly‐Si TFT‐LCD with Integrated Drivers
Authors: Koyama J. , Nakajima S. , Ohnuma H. , Shionoiri Y. , Nagao S. , Yamazaki S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a VGA poly‐Si TFT‐LCD with integrated drivers using low‐temperature (below 600°C) poly‐Si to realize a high‐performance and high‐resolution liquid crystal panel for PDA (personal digital assistants). By the development of high‐performance TFT, 10V operation voltage, 80% display area ratio and 300 contrast were achieved.