bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile And Treatment Outcomes Of Retinoblastoma Experience From A Low-Income Country
Authors: Ayesha Latif  , Hafiz Abdul Qaddus  , Iqra Tariq  , Benish Hira  , Fozia Syed Rasool  , Shakeel Ahmed  
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in children representing 3% of all pediatric malignancies. Retinoblastoma affects very young children: two-thirds of the cases are diagnosed before 2 years of age and more than 90% before 5 years.
Material and Methods: This Study was conducted retrospectively at the Paediatric Oncology Department of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (released 2017, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for statistical analysis. The descriptive analysis calculated frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and the median (IQR) was for continuous variables. The chi-square test was used to associate age with RB characteristics in univariate analysis. P-values of <0.05 were considered significant.
Results: From November 1, 2016, to February 29, 2024, 96 patients admitted to the pediatric oncology department of CMH Rawalpindi were included in the study. The median age at presentation was 24 months. The most common presenting symptom was leukocoria in 67(69.8%), strabismus in 9 (9.4%), vision loss in 11 (11.5%), and proptosis in 9(9.4%). Extraocular disease was present in 24(25%). The grouping of Intraocular disease based on IIRC showed stage E as predominant with n=80(84%). Metastatic disease was present in 18(18.8%). Enucleation was done in 73(76.0%). With a median follow-up of 71 months, 19 patients died. Kaplan Meier's Survival showed an Overall survival of 83%.
Conclusion: Raising awareness and implementing screening for retinoblastoma are essential for diagnosing the disease at an intraocular stage, which can significantly improve survival rates in developing countries.
Keywords: malignancy, pediatric malignancies, Paediatric Oncology, Combined Military Hospital
The Prevalence Of Covid-19 In High-Risk District Of Kpk, Mardan, Pakistan
Authors: Haider Ali Khan  , Mehran Ullah  , Mehreen Ghufran  , Muhammad Siddiq  , Said Kachkol Khan , Muhammad Mussadiq Gul  
Published: January 2025

Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 and to find out the prevalence of COVID-19 positive individuals with full-vaccination, partial-vaccination and those who were non-vaccinated individuals in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Study Design: This Multi-Center and retrospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 in children, adults and aged old individuals using RT-PCR as a method of detection.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pathology at Mardan Medical Complex from August 1st, 2021 to August 31st 2021.
Methodology: A random sample was taken from the population as well as all suspected persons who were admitted to various isolation wards and quarantine centres throughout District Mardan to be tested. The real-time RT-PCR tests were performed for testing the COVID-19 samples. The statistical analysis was performed with a 5% significance level.
Results: A total of 2960 samples were collected. Among all the samples, 1536 individuals were male while females were 1424. The ages of the participants ranged from 0 to 80 years, with the average age being 40 years. The patients' median age was discovered to be 40.66 years. The youngest patient was only 1.5 months old, and the oldest patient was 80 years old. Males were particularly affected when compared to females. The RT-PCR tests were performed for testing the COVID-19 samples. The overall prevalence in Mardan was found 10.03 % (297 out of 2960), in which 161 out of 1536 (10.48%) were males positive cases and 136 out of 1424 (9.55%) were female positive COVID-19 cases whereas 2663 out of 2960 (89.96%) were reported as negative COVID-19 cases.
Conclusions: The prevalence of COVID-19 in the Mardan district is extremely high, necessitating the implementation of WHO-recommended SOPs to control the spread of COVID-19.
Keywords: Sars-Corona virus-2, COVID-19, Prevalence, RT-PCR, Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 28 (SPSSv28), Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Acute Coronary Syndrome (Acs) Risk Factors And Its Manifestations In Young Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Abid Ullah Shah  , Chanda Naseem  , Naseer Ahmed  , Syed Tahir Shah  
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To determine the conventional and non-conventional ACS risk factors in young patients, their associations, and to determine the various manifestations of ACS in young patients.
Study Design: A Multi Center Cross Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study. Tertiary care hospitals of KPK from May to Oct 2024.
Materials and Methods: This multicenter study was conducted over six months. A total of 139 young acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients of both genders were included using convenience sampling, while acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina resulting from graft blockage, coronary aneurysms, congenital heart diseases, and severe co-morbid conditions were excluded. After ethical approval, data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and Excel.
Results: The majority (64%) were male and the mean age was 39.69+4.40. Chest pain (87.8%) and anterior MI (27%) were common. STEMI was identified in the majority (46%) and more in males. Hypertension, family history, and dyslipidemia were common. Conventional risk factors were more prevalent in males, STEMI, and in the 36-40 years age range, while chest radiation exposure was found higher (57.9%) in females, and diabetes among NSTEMI and 41-45 age group patients. Urea and ESR had a significant impact on STEMI, while RBS and ESR on NSTEMI. Mild PAH and mild LV systolic dysfunction were common and mean EF (%) was lower in NSTEMI ACS.
Conclusion: STEMI was a common ACS manifestation and hypertension was most prevalent. Smoking and radiation exposure were significantly associated with gender, while urea, and ESR significantly impact ACS manifestations. Mean EF was significantly different among ACS types. Nevertheless, early recognition of risk factors and proper management can prevent ACS progression.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, STEMI, NSTEMI, Risk factors, Young
Frequency Of Cardiogenic Shock In Patients With Stemi At Peshawar Institute Of Cardiology
Authors: Nazia Waheed  , Murad Ali  , Shah Sawar Khan  , Hasan Zeb  , Mina Ibrahim  , Imadullah Khan  
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency of cardiogenic shock in patients with STEMI at Peshawar Institute of Cardiology-MTI.
Study Design: A Descriptive Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology-MTI from 12 Oct 2022 to 12 Apr 2023.
Methodology: Patients admitted at the CCU of our hospital and meeting our inclusion criteria were enrolled. However, prior to the conduct of study, written informed consent forms was obtained from their attendants and they were thoroughly briefed about the research nature of this study. Demographic data was recorded, and selected patients were closely monitored. Incidence of cardiogenic shock was noted as per operational definition.
Results: As per frequencies and percentages for cardiogenic shock, 14(6.8%) patients had cardiogenic shock.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the incidence of cardiogenic shock was low (6.8%) in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and therefore, it is treatable illness with a reasonable chance for full recovery.
Keywords: Cardiogenic Shock, St Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Primary Cardiac Disorder
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bagian Perjalanan SETJEN DPR-RI
Authors: Novitasari Sella , Amas Lahat Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Kinerja karyawan merupakan aspek yang menjadi sangat signifikan pada suatu perusahaan maupun instansi. Motivasi kerja dan Disiplin kerja memiliki peran penting untuk menentukan kinerja yang optimal. Tujuan adanya penelitian ini untuk menilai ada atau tidaknya motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di Bagian Perjalanan SETJEN DPR-RI. Riset ini mempergunakan metode kuantitatif dan mempergunakan model regresi linear berganda. Populasi dan sampel yaitu 35 orang melibatkan seluruh karyawan Bagian Perjalanan SETJEN DPR-RI. Teknik pemilihan sampel yang dipergunakan yaitu nonprobability sampling dengan menggunakan metode sampling jenuh. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar 12,8% pada kinerja karyawan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,004 < 0,05, sedangkan disiplin kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar 50,6% pada kinerja karyawan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 Motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja secara simultan juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar 61,2% pada kinerja karyawan, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 dan uji determinasi simultan menunjukkan nilai Adjusted R square sebesar 0,612. Sebagai hasilnya, motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan sebesar 61,2%, sementara sisanya dipengaruhi variabel lain.

Employee performance is an aspect that becomes very significant in a company or agency. Work motivation and work discipline have an important role in determining optimal performance. The purpose of this study is to assess whether or not work motivation and work discipline affect employee performance in the Travel Section of the DPR-RI Secretariat General. This research utilizes quantitative methods and uses multiple linear regression models. The population and sample of 35 people involved all employees of the Travel Section of the DPR-RI Secretariat General. The sample selection technique used was nonprobability sampling using the saturated sampling method. The results showed that work motivation partially had a positive and significant effect of 12.8% on employee performance with a significance value of 0.004 < 0.05, while work discipline partially had a positive and significant effect of 50.6% on employee performance with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 Work motivation and work discipline simultaneously also had a positive and significant effect of 61.2% on employee performance, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and the simultaneous determination test showed an Adjusted R square value of 0.612. As a result, work motivation and work discipline together affect employee performance by 61.2%, while the rest is influenced by other variables.
Efficacy Evaluation of Jania rubens Extract Against Four Pathogenic Strains Associated with Foodborne Disease in Iran
Authors: Hamidkhani Niyayesh , Mooraki Nargess , Sedaghati Marjaneh , Talebi Haghgo Mohadaseh 
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the antimicrobial properties of Jania rubens algae extract, obtained via Soxhlet extraction, against food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Using response surface methodology and the Box-Behnken design, the research optimized extraction parameters, including solvent type, solvent-to-algae ratio, and extraction duration. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed through the zone of inhibition (ZOI), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. Results showed MIC and MBC values for E. coli ranged from 0.32–1.5 and 2–3, respectively; for S. enteritidis, 0.98–1.9 and 2.5–3.5; for S. aureus, 0.4–1.5 and 0.8–2.8; and for B. cereus, 0.36–1.35 and 0.85–1.85. Optimal extraction conditions included acetone as the solvent, a 5:1 solvent-to-algae ratio, and extraction durations of 2 or 6 hours. The algae extract significantly extended the lag phase and reduced bacterial growth rates, with effects intensifying at higher concentrations. The study concludes that Jania rubens extract, particularly under optimized Soxhlet extraction conditions, exhibits potent antibacterial activity, making it a promising natural antimicrobial agent for food preservation.
Pengalaman Keluarga Dalam Proses Disengagement Pada Mantan Narapidana Terorisme
Authors: Irfan Ahmad Amrul Asrar , Lubabin Nuqul Fathul 
Published: January 2025

Disengagement merupakan keputusan seseorang untuk tidak terlibat dalam aksi kekerasan maupun teror yang banyak dilakukan oleh radikal teroris. Dalam memutus mata rantai aliran radikal terorisme dengan kelompoknya secara umum tidaklah mudah, Disengagement mantan narapidana pelaku teror dapat diukur dari peningkatan hubungan sosial individu dengan masyarakat. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu, untuk mengetahui pengalaman keluarga dalam proses Disengagement pada mantan narapidana terorisme. untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor pendukung dalam proses Disengagement pada mantan narapidana terorisme. untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor penghambat dalam proses Disengagement pada mantan narapidana terorisme. Penelitian ini memiliki 2 subjek, subjek 1 adalah ibu mantan napi, dan subjek 2 adalah istri mantan napi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman keluarga dalam proses Disengagement terhadap mantan napi teroris cenderung berhasil, peran keluarga menentukan upaya Disengagement seorang napiter. Penerimaan keluarga dan masyarakat memberikan factor protektif bagi proses lepasnya napiter dari kelompoknya. Dukungan istri, anak dan anggota keluarga lainnya akan mengubah pandangan dan tekanan emosi dalam mencari kebenaran.
Long-Term Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes Following the Ross Procedure
Authors: Notenboom Maximiliaan L. , Melina Giovanni , Veen Kevin M. , De Robertis Fabio , Coppola Giuditta , De Siena Paolo , Navarra Emiliano M. , Gaer Jullien , Ibrahim Michael E. K. , El-Hamamsy Ismail , Takkenberg Johanna J. M. , Yacoub Magdi H. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceThe Ross procedure as treatment for adults with aortic valve disease (AVD) has been the subject of renewed interest.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes following the Ross procedure for the treatment of adults with AVD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial included adult patients (age &amp;lt;69 years) who underwent a Ross procedure for the treatment of AVD, including those with active endocarditis, rheumatic AVD, decreased ejection fraction, and previous cardiac surgery. The trial, conducted from September 1, 1994, to May 31, 2001, compared homograft root replacement with the Ross procedure at a single center. Data after 2010 were collected retrospectively in November and December 2022.ExposureRoss procedure.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was long-term survival among patients who underwent the Ross procedure compared with that in the age-, country of origin– and sex-matched general population. Secondary end points were freedom from any reintervention, autograft reintervention, or homograft reintervention and time-related valve function, autograft diameter, and functional status.ResultsThis study included 108 adults (92 [85%] male) with a median age of 38 years (range, 19-66 years). Median duration of clinical follow-up was 24.1 years (IQR, 22.6-26.1 years; 2488 patient-years), with 98% follow-up completeness. Of these patients, 9 (8%) had active endocarditis and 45 (42%) underwent reoperations. The main hemodynamic lesion was stenosis in 30 (28%) and regurgitation in 49 (45%). There was 1 perioperative death (0.9%). Twenty-five year survival was 83.0% (95% CI, 75.5%-91.2%), representing a relative survival of 99.1% (95% CI, 91.8%-100%) compared with the general population (83.7%). At 25 years, freedom from any reintervention was 71.1% (95% CI, 61.6%-82.0%); from autograft reintervention, 80.3% (95% CI, 71.9%-89.6%); and from homograft reintervention, 86.3% (95% CI, 79.0%-94.3%). Thirty-day mortality after the first Ross-related reintervention was 0% and after all Ross-related reinterventions was 3.8% (n = 1); 10-year survival after reoperation was 96.2% (95% CI, 89.0%-100%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that the Ross procedure provided excellent survival into the third decade postoperatively that was comparable to that in the general population. Long-term freedom from reintervention demonstrated that the Ross procedure may be a durable substitute into late adulthood, showing a delayed but progressive functional decline.Trial Registrationisrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN03530985
Mendelian Randomization as a Tool for Cardiovascular Research
Authors: Levin Michael G. , Burgess Stephen 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceMendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical approach that has become increasingly popular in the field of cardiovascular disease research. It offers a way to infer potentially causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes using observational data, which is particularly important in cases where randomized clinical trials are not feasible or ethical. With the growing availability of large genetic data sets, MR has become a powerful and accessible tool for studying the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.ObservationsMR uses genetic variation associated with modifiable exposures or risk factors to mitigate biases that affect traditional observational study designs. The approach uses genetic variants that are randomly assigned at conception as proxies for exposure to a risk factor, mimicking a randomized clinical trial. By comparing the outcomes of individuals with different genetic variants, researchers may draw causal inferences about the effects of specific risk factors on cardiovascular disease, provided assumptions are met that address (1) the association between each genetic variant and risk factor and (2) the association of the genetic variants with confounders and (3) that the association between each genetic variant and the outcome only occurs through the risk factor. Like other observational designs, MR has limitations, which include weak instruments that are not strongly associated with the exposure of interest, linkage disequilibrium where genetic instruments influence the outcome via correlated rather than direct effects, overestimated genetic associations, and selection and survival biases. In addition, many genetic databases and MR studies primarily include populations genetically similar to European reference populations; improved diversity of participants in these databases and studies is critically needed.Conclusions and RelevanceThis review provides an overview of MR methodology, including assumptions, strengths, and limitations. Several important applications of MR in cardiovascular disease research are highlighted, including the identification of drug targets, evaluation of potential cardiovascular risk factors, as well as emerging methodology. Overall, while MR alone can never prove a causal relationship beyond reasonable doubt, MR offers a rigorous approach for investigating possible causal relationships in observational data and has the potential to transform our understanding of the etiology and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Effects of selective logging on genetic diversity and population structure of a keystone mistletoe
Authors: Fontúrbel Francisco E. , González‐Ancin Héctor , Rojas‐Hernández Noemí , Vega‐Retter Caren 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effects of habitat degradation remain not fully understood. A recent study reported low effects of habitat degradation on plant genetic diversity but indicates that reduction in habitat quality could impact it as well as gene flow indirectly via ecological interactions. Selective logging is a way of habitat degradation, but studies examining its effects on plant genetic diversity on non‐logged forest plant species are relatively scarce. Using 3470 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, we assess the effects of different selective logging intensities on the genetic diversity of 66 individuals of a keystone mistletoe (Tristerix corymbosus). We also examined the possible relationship with its seed disperser (Dromiciops gliroides) abundance in three sites of the temperate rainforests of southern Chile, with different levels of selective logging intensity. Our results show that selective logging increases allelic richness and inbreeding in this mistletoe; inbreeding increased with selective logging intensity, and heterozygosity decreased with D. gliroides abundance. While wood extraction seems to positively affect T. corymbosus genetic diversity, its long‐term consequences—such as increased inbreeding—are yet to be assessed in future studies.
Impact of respiratory motion on 18F‐FDG PET radiomics stability: Clinical evaluation with a digital PET scanner
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hung , Kan Kuo‐Yi , Liu Shu‐Hsin , Lin Hsin‐Hon , Lue Kun‐Han 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurpose18F‐FDG PET quantitative features are susceptible to respiratory motion. However, studies using clinical patient data to explore the impact of respiratory motion on 18F‐FDG PET radiomic features are limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of respiratory motion on radiomics stability with clinical 18F‐FDG PET images using a data‐driven gating (DDG) algorithm on the digital PET scanner.Materials and MethodsA total of 101 patients who underwent oncological 18F‐FDG PET scans were retrospectively included. A DDG algorithm combined with a motion compensation technique was used to extract the PET images with respiratory motion correction. 18F‐FDG‐avid lesions from the thorax to the upper abdomen were analyzed on the non‐DDG and DDG PET images. The lesions were segmented with a 40% threshold of the maximum standardized uptake. A total of 725 radiomic features were computed from the segmented lesions, including first‐order, shape, texture, and wavelet features. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (COV) were calculated to evaluate feature stability. An ICC above 0.9 and a COV below 5% were considered high stability.ResultsIn total, 168 lesions with and without respiratory motion correction were analyzed. Our results indicated that most 18F‐FDG PET radiomic features are sensitive to respiratory motion. Overall, only 27 out of 725 (3.72%) radiomic features were identified as highly stable, including one from the first‐order features (entropy), one from the shape features (sphericity), four from the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix features (normalized and unnormalized inverse difference moment, joint entropy, and sum entropy), one from the gray‐level run‐length matrix features (run entropy), and 20 from the wavelet filter‐based features.ConclusionRespiratory motion has a significant impact on 18F‐FDG PET radiomics stability. The highly stable features identified in our study may serve as potential candidates for further applications, such as machine learning modeling.