bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time and duration of eruption of first and second permanent molars: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Ekstrand Kim Rud , Christiansen Jette , Christiansen Mauri Erik Christian 
Published: September 2003

Abstract  – Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in (i) the time (age) of eruption and (ii) the duration of the eruption of first (M1) and second (M2) permanent molar teeth. Finally, the study also provides data about the association between time of eruption of the first of the M1s and the first of the M2s.Methods:  The study was carried out in Nexö Public Dental Health Service, Denmark. All children who, in a period of 12 months, had the first of their M1s or M2s recorded as erupted and the occlusal surface still partly covered by gingiva formed the study groups (N = 69 and 112 children, respectively). The continued eruption of all four molar teeth was recorded at recall intervals not exceeding 4 months until functional occlusion was obtained.Results:  First permanent molars: eruption time – girls: from the age of 5 years and 3 months to 7 years and 8 months (mean 6.1 years); boys: from 5 years and 2 months to 7 years and 10 months (mean 6.3 years). The duration of eruption – girls: from 5 to 32 months (mean 15.4 months); boys: from 7 to 28 months (mean 15.0). Second permanent molars: eruption time – girls: from the age of 8 years and 11 months to 14 years and 4 months (mean 11.3 years); boys: from 9 years and 11 months to 13 years and 11 months (mean 12.0 years). The duration of eruption – girls: from 12 to 44 months (mean 27.1 months); boys: from 9 to 45 months (mean 27.9 months). No correlation was found between the time of eruption and the duration of eruption of M1 or M2. There was a strong positive association between the time of eruption of the M1s and the M2s (rs = 0.81).Conclusions:  A tremendous variation was found in time of eruption and in duration of eruption of permanent molars. This variation highlights the importance of individualizing caries preventive strategies for children.
Patient participation during dental consultations: the influence of patients' characteristics and dentists' behavior
Authors: Schouten Barbara C. , Hoogstraten Johan , Eijkman Michiel A. J. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract  – Objective:  This study examined the influence of the following variables on patients' information‐seeking and participating behavior during emergency treatment: patients' preferences for information and participation, patients' coping style, patients' socio‐demographic variables, and dentists' communicative behavior.Methods:  The sample consisted of 83 patients receiving emergency care from 13 different dentists. Consultations were videotaped in order to assess dentists' and patients' behavior. Dentists' communicative behavior was coded by means of the Communication in Dental Settings Scale (CDSS); scores for patients' behavior included the number and nature of questions asked during the consultation, attempts to offer diagnoses, and whether or not patients made the decision to undergo treatment themselves. At home, patients filled out a questionnaire that included scales to measure their preference for information and participation and other background variables.Results:  Results showed that patients' desire for information and participation, together with other variables, was not reflected in their overt behavior. Furthermore, dentists' communicative behavior was unrelated to patients' information‐seeking and participating behavior.Conclusions:  Scores on the CDSS show that still there is a discrepancy between the legal prerequisites of information‐giving and emergency dental practice. Therefore, dentists' information‐giving behavior should be improved in order to enhance the patients' right to make informed decisions.
Tobacco prevention in Swedish dental care
Authors: Helgason Ásgeir R. , Lund Karl E. , Adolfsson Jan , Axelsson Susanna 
Published: September 2003

Abstract –  Objective:  To assess tobacco prevention in Swedish dental care and to identify barriers. Also, to investigate whether dentists and dental hygienists were familiar with recently published review of smoking cessation methods.Methods:  A questionnaire was mailed to all 353 dental hygienists and 528 dentists in Stockholm County.Results:  The overall response rate was 61% for the dentists and 67% for the dental hygienists. Nearly all considered smoking to be a major health issue, but one out of two was not convinced that smokeless tobacco use was a major health problem. A small minority was routinely engaged in cessation support. However, on the aggregate level, the active dentists and hygienists advised annually approximately 70 000 and 40 000 smokers, respectively. The main barrier to cessation counseling was lack of smoking cessation experts to refer to and was followed by a lack of reimbursement, a lack of knowledge, time constraints, and a feeling of inadequacy. Also, one out of two dentists and 3 out of 10 hygienists did not see it as a part of their job to help patients stop smoking. Approximately 10% in both groups made use of the review of smoking cessation methods. Fifty per cent of these had increased their cessation consultations by an average of 30% because of the guidelines. On the average, dentists and hygienists had spent approximately 1.4 and 2.9 h, respectively, during the previous month on all smoking cessation activities.Conclusions:  Despite several barriers, there is an excellent potential for a more active role in tobacco cessation counseling in Swedish dental care.
A 5‐year evaluation of two glass‐ionomer cements used as fissure sealants
Authors: Pardi Vanessa , Pereira Antonio Carlos , Mialhe Fábio Luiz , De Castro Meneghim Marcelo , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract  – Objective: To evaluate the retention and caries preventive effect of two glass ionomers used as fissure sealants: one resin modified glass ionomer (A) and one conventional glass‐ionomer cement (B).Samples and methods: The permanent first molars of 100 children, 6–8 years of age at the start of the study, were sealed. Material A was applied on one side (right side, upper, and lower) and material B was applied on the contralateral side (left side, upper, and lower) of the mouth. The control group was composed of 108 children who did not receive fissure sealant but received oral health education. After 5 years, 64.0% of the children of the experimental group and 73.0% of the children of the control group were available for reexamination.Results: Material A was completely lost in 74.2% and material B in 89.0% (Wilcoxon matched pairs test, P < 0.05). Total retention rate was 1.6% for materials A and B. After 5 years, caries increment was 21.5% for the experimental group and 34.2% for the control group (χ2‐test, P < 0.05).Conclusion: Sealing pits and fissures with glass‐ionomer cements was effective in preventing caries.
Gender differences in burnout among Dutch dentists
Authors: Brake Hans te , Bloemendal Evelien , Hoogstraten Johan 
Published: September 2003

Abstract  – Objectives: Differences between the sexes in the manifestation of burnout have been reported for different occupational groups. Although some gender‐specific explanations for this finding have been forwarded, there is a paucity of studies in which the relation with other work‐related gender differences is examined. The objective of this study was to analyze gender differences in burnout among dentists and to identify possible concomitant factors.Methods: Male (n = 411) and female (n = 81) Dutch dentists filled out the Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) together with several health and work‐related questionnaires.Results: Results showed male dentists to report a higher score on the depersonalization dimension of the MBI than did female dentists. No gender differences were found on the other dimensions (i.e. emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment). Moreover, no gender‐related differences in experienced work‐stress or health‐related aspects were found. It was found, however, that male dentists put in working hours and see more patients per week when compared to female dentists. Also, a difference in mean age was found. Our main finding was that the difference in depersonalization disappears when controlling for working hours and age.Conclusions: Gender differences in burnout among dentists do exist. However, our results indicate that underlying factors, such as working hours, have a profound effect on these differences. These results can have direct practical consequences, for instance, in distinguishing between groups concerning the way burnout scores should be interpreted.
Chewing ability of subjects with shortened dental arches
Authors: Sarita Paulo T. N. , Witter Dick J. , Kreulen Cees M. , Van't Hof Martin A. , Creugers Nico H. J. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract  – Objectives:  The objective was to study chewing ability in subjects with shortened dental arches in Tanzania.Methods:  A sample of 725 adults with shortened dental arches comprising intact anterior regions and 0–8 occluding pairs of posterior teeth and 125 adults with complete dental arches were recruited. Subjects were classified into nine categories according to arch length and symmetry. Chewing ability was investigated by interview on chewing complaints and on perceived difficulty of chewing 20 common Tanzanian foods, 12 soft, and 8 hard.Results:  Categories with extreme shortened arches (0–2 pairs of occluding premolars) reported most frequent (95–98%) and most severe complaints (‘cannot chew all foods’ or ‘have to use special or specially prepared food’). Categories with intact premolar regions and at least one occluding pair of molars had nearly no complaints (95–97%). The other arch categories had an intermediate volume of complaints (33–54%). Perceived difficulty of chewing deteriorated with a decrease of occluding pairs of teeth. Subjects with 0–2 pairs of occluding premolars had major difficulties with chewing. Subjects with 3–4 pairs of occluding premolars or asymmetric arches comprising a short side with none or one pair of premolars and a long side including at least one occluding pair of molars had more difficulties with chewing compared to subjects with more complete dental arches. As a whole, they perceived for hard foods, ‘minor problems, not adapted’.Conclusions:  Shortened dental arches with intact premolar regions and at least one occluding pair of molars provide sufficient chewing ability. Shortened arches with 3–4 pairs of occluding premolars and asymmetric arches with a long side result in impairment of chewing ability, especially for hard foods. In extremely shortened arches comprising 0–2 occluding premolars, chewing ability is severely impaired.
Lack of clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus based on the presently available diagnostic criteria and suggestions for modifications
Authors: Van Der Meij E. H. , Van Der Waal I. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIntroduction:  Confirmation of a clinical diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP) by means of histopathologic study of a biopsy specimen is generally advised. However, hardly any data exist about the correlation between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of OLP. The aim of the present investigation was to study the correlation between the clinical and histopathologic assessment of OLP, and to propose diagnostic refinements, if appropriate.Methods:  Clinical and histopathologic data of two previously published studies were used for this purpose. The number of clinical cases in which all clinicians agreed as well as the number of microscopic slides on which all reviewing pathologists agreed were calculated and compared with each other in order to assess the clinicopathologic correlation.Results:  In 42% of the cases in which all clinicians agreed about the clinical diagnosis being diagnostic of OLP, there appeared to be no consensus on the histopathologic diagnosis. Conversely, in 50% of the cases in which all pathologists agreed about the histopathologic diagnosis being diagnostic of OLP there was a lack of consensus on the clinical diagnosis.Conclusion:  Based on the findings of the present study, there appears to be a lack of clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnostic assessment of OLP. We therefore propose a set of revised diagnostic criteria of OLP and oral lichenoid lesions, based on the WHO definition of OLP, including clinical as well as histopathologic aspects.
Changing expression of E‐ and P‐cadherin during rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide
Authors: Sakaki Toshio , Tamura Isao , Kadota Hidetaka , Kakudo Kenji 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground:  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) develops from pre‐malignant lesions, but the role of cell adhesion molecules such as E‐cadherin (E‐CD) and P‐cadherin (P‐CD) in the pre‐malignant stage has not been elucidated.Methods:  The expression of E‐CD and P‐CD was examined immunohistochemically and biochemically in a 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide (4NQO)‐induced rat model of carcinogenesis.Results:  The expression of E‐CD in the pre‐malignant stage was the same as that in the normal epithelium. The expression of P‐CD was even throughout the prickle cell layer in the dysplasia stage. E‐CD and P‐CD were expressed in essentially the same locations in SCC and in the pre‐malignant stage. P‐CD expression was very strong in the pre‐malignant stage, compared to that in normal epithelium.Conclusions:  Aberrant P‐CD expression in E‐CD‐positive cells may play a crucial role in the progression of the pre‐malignant stage of 4NQO‐induced carcinogenesis, and may activate mechanisms responsible for cell proliferation.
Increasing Circulating T‐cell Activation Markers are Linked to Subsequent Implantation Failure After Transfer of In vitro Fertilized Embryos
Authors: Coulam Carolyn B. , Roussev Roumen G. 
Published: September 2003

Problem: Implantation determines success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) cycles. Data are accumulating to support a role of the immune system in implantation. Most of the literature addresses the importance of natural killer (NK) cells in this process. The purpose of the current study is to examine the role of circulating T cells in implantation failure.Method of study: Blood from 22 women undergoing IVF/ET during November, 2001, was drawn on cycle day 9 and analyzed for the percentage of circulating T cells expressing the activation markers CD69+ and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR and the suppressor marker CD11b using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. These results were compared with total percentage circulating CD3, CD4 and CD8 cells as well as NK cells and pregnancy outcome that cycle.Results: Infertile women had significantly greater expression of the activation marker of CD69+ among CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and HLA‐DR among CD4 cells than fertile women. No difference in expression of T cell suppressor marker of CD11b was noted when infertile and fertile women were compared. No correlations were observed when activated T cells were compared with circulating CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, activated NK cells and NK cytotoxicity. CD3+4+HLA‐DR+ was expressed significantly less among successfully pregnant compared with unsuccessfully pregnant women.Conclusion: T‐cell activation markers CD 69+ and HLA‐DR+ are associated with increased implantation failure after IVF/ET.
Evidence for a Correlation between Trophoblast Invasiveness and STAT3 Activity
Authors: Corvinus Florian M. , Fitzgerald Justine S. , Friedrich Karlheinz , Markert Udo R. 
Published: September 2003

Problem: Extravillous trophoblast cells are capable of invading decidual tissue during early pregnancy. This property is reminiscent of cancer cells. The invasiveness of trophoblasts, however, extends only to a well‐regulated limit. Signal transduction processes underlying this phenomenon are as yet poorly characterized. Many factors involved in trophoblast invasiveness are known to trigger intracellular signaling cascades in other cell types that ultimately lead to the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). STAT3 activity was recently found related to the malignant phenotype of different tumor cells and potentially contributes to their invasive properties.Method of Study: We investigated the status of STAT3 activity in ex vivo trophoblast cells from first trimester and term placentae employing an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and compared it with that of a highly malignant choriocarcinoma cell line.Results: Specific DNA binding activity of two STAT3 variants (STAT3α and β) was observed in immature trophoblasts and appeared to be lost in term placentae. The malignant phenotype of choriocarcinoma cells coincides with a high degree of STAT3 activity.Conclusion: These results suggest a connection between STAT3 activity and trophoblast invasiveness.
Five‐year outcomes of a brief alcohol intervention for adult in‐patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Hulse Gary K. , Tait Robert J. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTAims  To compare 5 year outcomes (general hospital and mental health morbidity and mortality) among general hospital psychiatric in‐patients randomized to receive either an alcohol reduction motivational interview (MI) or information pack (IP), and compare these to matched controls.Design  We recruited 120 patients aged 18–64 years who scored ≥8 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). We selected matched controls from in‐patients not recruited but who reached the same AUDIT threshold. At 5 years, follow‐up data were collected via a state‐wide hospital record system.Findings  There were no significant differences between the MI and IP groups in terms of ‘survival’ to their first alcohol‐related, other general hospital or mental health admission over 5 years. Matched controls had significantly more mental health in‐patient episodes (F[1,226] 4.4, P < 0.05) and greater length of hospital stay (F[1,226] 4.8, P < 0.05) than the combined MI‐IP group. Furthermore, the MI‐IP group had longer ‘survival’ times to both first general hospital (mean 583 versus 392 days) and mental health in‐patient (mean 788 versus 580 days) events. Collapsed across groups, dependent and harmful consumers had shorter ‘survival’ times than hazardous consumers (AUDIT classifications).Conclusions  Alcohol interventions have medium‐term health benefits for those with mental health and alcohol use problems. Importantly, there were no differences in outcome between the intervention groups. The low cost of providing an IP makes it attractive as an alcohol intervention. The AUDIT provided an effective means of identifying those who are at risk of subsequent alcohol‐related admissions and may benefit from intervention.
Substance abuse treatment and pressures from the criminal justice system: data from a provincial client monitoring system
Authors: Rush Brian R. , Wild T. Cameron 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTAims  Compulsory treatment is discussed increasingly as a way to reduce the population burden of addictive behaviours. This study explores the extent to which social control strategies exercised through the criminal justice system are used to bring people into substance abuse treatment at a system level. We also assessed whether particular subgroups may be more or less likely to be brought into treatment in this manner.Design  We employed a secondary analysis of data from a client‐based information system which captured demographic, referral and substance use characteristics from people seeking treatment for substance abuse.Participants  A census of clients (n = 45123) entering specialized Ontario addiction treatment programmes between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2000.Findings  Some 28.9% of clients reported legal problems at treatment intake, and 13.9% had an explicit corrections‐related condition of treatment contact. Logistic regression analyses indicated that legal problems and corrections‐related conditions of treatment were more prevalent among younger, unmarried and unemployed males, who had not completed high school. A number of important interactions were identified between these factors and substance of abuse.Conclusions  Implications for equity, accessibility and effectiveness of substance abuse treatment are discussed in relation to the tendency of treatment mandates from criminal justice system to disproportionately affect the entry of this segment of substance‐abusing clients.
A 60‐year follow‐up of alcoholic men
Authors: Vaillant George E. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTAims  To study the course of male alcohol abuse from age 20 to age 70–80 years.Design  A prospective multi‐disciplinary follow‐up of two community cohorts of adolescent males from 1940 until the present.Setting and participants  Two hundred and sixty‐eight former Harvard undergraduates (college sample) and 456 non‐delinquent, socially disadvantaged Boston adolescents (core city sample).Measurements  Since adolescence these cohorts have been followed by repeated interview, questionnaires and physical examination. The college cohort has been followed until age 80 and the younger core city cohort until age 70. DSM‐III criteria were used to ascertain alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. At some point during their lives, 54 (20%) of the college men and 140 (31%) of the core city men met criteria for alcohol abuse. Outcome categories were mortality, continued alcohol abuse and stable remission.Findings and conclusions  These socially divergent cohorts resembled each other in four respects. First, by age 70 chronic alcohol dependence was rare; this was due both to death and to stable abstinence. By age 70, 54% of the 72 successfully followed alcohol‐dependent core city men had died, 32% were abstinent, 1% were controlled drinkers and only 12% were known to be still abusing alcohol. By age 70, 58% of the 19 successfully followed college alcohol‐dependent men had died, 21% were abstinent, 10.5% were controlled drinkers and only 10.5% were known to be still abusing alcohol. Secondly, in both samples alcohol abuse could persist for decades without remission, death or progression to dependence. Thirdly, among both samples prior alcohol dependence and AA attendance were the two best predictors of sustained abstinence. Fourthly, few life‐time symptoms of alcohol abuse were the best predictor of sustained return to controlled‐drinking.