bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the In Ouzzal granulitic terrane (Tuareg shield, Algeria): its significance within the Pan‐African Trans‐Saharan belt
Authors: CABY R. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTThe In Ouzzal terrane (IOT) or In Ouzzal granulite unit (IOGU) is an elongated Palaeoproterozoic block within the Neoproterozoic Pan‐African belt of north‐west Africa. The granulites derive from Archaean protoliths that include a large volume of metasediments which were deposited on a 3.2‐Ga gneissic basement. Near‐peak granulite facies conditions between 2.17 and 2 Ga were estimated at P=10 kbar and T rising from 800 to 1000°C. Premetamorphic orthogneisses were intruded at 2.5 Ga, and followed by the emplacement of syn‐ to late‐kinematic charnockites, syenites and carbonatites at around 2 Ga. Cooling of the granulites occurred till 1800 Ma. Shortly after its exhumation coeval with crustal extension and related alkaline magmatism in adjacent areas, the IOT was buried beneath late Palaeoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic cover sequences, and then behaved as a rigid block. Both margins are lithospheric faults, as evidenced by the occurrence of shear‐zone‐related mafic and felsic plutons. Pan‐African tectonothermal events were negligible in the north, but granulites in the south were significantly reworked under lower greenschist facies conditions during the northern motion of the block with respect to both the western and the eastern Pan‐African terranes. The Cambrian molasse, associated with widespread alkaline volcanism and subvolcanic granites, is horizontal in the north. The IOT, which was part of a larger continental mass including its counterpart in northern Mali, is interpreted as an exotic terrane which may have docked during Pan‐African plate convergence and lateral collision. The unchanged pediplain since c. 1.7 Ga in the north suggests that the IOT is underlain by thick Palaeoproterozoic lithospheric mantle, whereas its southern part is probably allochthonous and overlies Pan‐African structural units.
Metasomatic effects related to channelled fluid streaming through deep crust: fenites and associated carbonatites (In Ouzzal Proterozoic granulites, Hoggar, Algeria)
Authors: FOURCADE S. , KIENAST J.‐R. , OUZEGANE K. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTThe In Ouzzal granulitic unit (IOGU) consists predominantly of felsic orthogneisses most of which correspond to granitoids emplaced during the Archaean, plus metasediments, including olivine‐spinel marbles, of late Archaean age. All units were metamorphosed at granulite facies during the Eburnean (2 Ga). The stable isotope signature of the marbles (δ13C=–0.8 to –4.2‰/PDB; δ18O = 7.9 to 18.9‰/SMOW) does not record a massive streaming of C‐bearing fluids during metamorphism. Most of the isotopic variation in the marbles is explained in terms of pregranulitic features. Metasomatic transformation of granulites into layered potassic syenitic rocks and emplacement of carbonate veins and breccias occurred during retrogressive granulite facies conditions. The chemistry of these rocks is comparable with that of fenites and carbonatites with high contents of (L)REEs, Th, U, F, C, Ba and Sr but, with respect to these elements, a relative depletion in Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr and Ti. The isotopic compositions of Nd (ɛNd(T)=–6.3 to –9.9), of Sr (87Sr/86Sr(T)= 0.7093–0.7104), and the O isotopic composition of metasomatic clinopyroxene (δ18O = 6.9 to 8‰), all indicate that the fluid had a strong crustal imprint. On the basis of the C isotope ratios (δ13C =–3.5 to –9.7‰), the fluid responsible for the crystallization of carbonates and metasomatic alteration is thought to be derived from the mantle, presumably through degassing of mantle‐derived magmas at depth. Intense interaction with the crust during the upward flow of the fluid may explain its chemical and isotopic signatures. The zones of metasomatic alteration in the In Ouzzal granulites may be the deep‐seated equivalents of the zones of channelled circulation of carbonated fluids described at shallower levels in the crust.
A HOLARCHICAL MODEL FOR REGIONAL SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: JILIBERTO HERRERA RODRIGO 
Published: December 2004

This paper is an attempt to develop a holarchical paradigm for regional sustainability assessment based on a critic of the epistemology of sustainability, seen as between two polar opposites that make up a unified system. On the one hand we find what can be described as a representationalist view, for which sustainability is the result of juxtaposing certain economic, social and environmental aspects of reality. However, complexity and uncertainty are the most relevant epistemological results of trying to define sustainability as an "objective" entity derived from an analytical perspective. On the other hand, complexity and uncertainty lead to the conclusion that sustainability cannot be expressed and, therefore, the problem of what to do does not depend so much on the description of the object we want to act on, but on how we decide what to do. This is the procedural epistemology of sustainability. The methodological and epistemological proposal that has guided the development of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Region of Murcia, for instance, is equidistant from these two options. It is based on the belief that it is necessary and possible to constitute sustainability as an analytically coherent (i.e. non-arbitrary) object of knowledge, which is at the same time autonomous from the analytical–fragmentary descriptions that comprise standard scientific knowledge. In the centre of this epistemology is a systemic understanding of "reality" that tries to grasp the hierarchical inter-existence of the outer world, and focuses primarily on contingent management from a dynamic viewpoint rather than that of certainty. This epistemological dual perspective has many implications for evaluation practice, both in the framing of technical analysis, and in the management of social participation.
Attenuation of Leukocyte Sequestration by Selective Blockade of PECAM-1 or VCAM-1 in Murine Endotoxemia
Authors: Nolte D. , Kuebler W.M. , Muller W.A. , Wolff K.-D. , Messmer K. 
Published: December 2004

<i>Background:</i> Molecular mechanisms regulating leukocyte sequestration into the tissue during endotoxemia and/or sepsis are still poorly understood. This in vivo study investigates the biological role of murine PECAM-1 and VCAM-1 for leukocyte sequestration into the lung, liver and striated skin muscle. <i>Methods:</i> Male BALB/c mice were injected intravenously with murine PECAM-1 IgG chimera or monoclonal antibody (mAb) to VCAM-1 (3 mg/kg body weight); controls received equivalent doses of IgG2a (n = 6 per group). Fifteen minutes thereafter, 2 mg/kg body weight of <i>Salmonella abortus equi</i> endotoxin was injected intravenously. At 24 h after the endotoxin challenge, lungs, livers and striated muscle of skin were analyzed for their myeloperoxidase activity. To monitor intravital leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy was performed in the skin fold chamber model of the BALB/c mouse at 3, 8 and 24 h after injection of endotoxin. <i>Results:</i> Myeloperoxidase activity at 24 h after the endotoxin challenge in lungs (12,171 ± 2,357 mU/g tissue), livers (2,204 ± 238 mU/g) and striated muscle of the skin (1,161 ± 110 mU/g) was significantly reduced in both treatment groups as compared to controls, with strongest attenuation in the PECAM-1 IgG treatment group. Arteriolar leukocyte sticking at 3 h after endotoxin (230 ± 46 cells × mm<sup>–2</sup>) was significantly reduced in both treatment groups. Leukocyte sticking in postcapillary venules at 8 h after endotoxin (343 ± 69 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>) was found reduced only in the VCAM-1-mAb-treated animals (215 ± 53 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>), while it was enhanced in animals treated with PECAM-1 IgG (572 ± 126 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>). <i>Conclusion:</i> These data show that both PECAM-1 and VCAM-1 are involved in endotoxin-induced leukocyte sequestration in the lung, liver and muscle, presumably through interference with arteriolar and/or venular leukocyte sticking.
Quantitative Reduction of Methyl Tetrazolium by Fresh Vein Homograft Biopsies in vitro Is an Index of Viability
Authors: Galambos B. , Csönge L. , Olah A. , von Versen R. , Tamas L. , Zsoldos P. 
Published: December 2004

<i>Objective:</i> The color density of the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) test is proportional to mitochondrial enzyme activity thus reflecting cellular viability. The aim was to evaluate the MTT test as a viability assay for vein homograft studies. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Fresh intact vein samples were harvested during multi-organ procurement. The reliability of the MTT assay was tested by a fluorescent dye combination (1 µg/ml propidium iodide PI and 4 µ<i>M</i>/ml SYTO-16 stains). The enzyme kinetics of the reaction was also investigated. The optimal reagent concentration, biopsy size and incubation period were established. <i>Results:</i> There was a linear relationship between the vein homograft’s weight and the pigment production activity. A nonspecific reaction (8.6%) was observed in negative controls. The MTT cleavage up to 0.1% (w/v) follows the Michaelis kinetics. The Michaelis constant (2,805 ± 130 µ<i>M</i>), the maximal velocity (196 ± 2.2 × 10<sup>–5 </sup>µ<i>M</i> s<sup>–1</sup>) and the velocity constant (6.98 ± 0.2 × 10<sup>–7</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>) was calculated. The viability assessed by fluorescent dyes simultaneously visualized the live/dead cell ratio, which can be calculated by image analysis software. <i>Conclusion:</i> The use of MTT in colorimetric assays offers high sensitivity. The assay is simple, inexpensive, and reproducible in vein homograft studies.
Effect of Androgens on Sexual Differentiation of Pituitary Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Subunit GABA<sub>B</sub> Expression
Authors: Bianchi María S. , Catalano Paolo N. , Bonaventura María M. , Silveyra Patricia , Bettler Bernhard , Libertun Carlos , Lux-Lantos Victoria A.R. 
Published: December 2004

Previous work demonstrated a sexually dimorphic ontogenic expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA<sub>B</sub>R) in rat pituitary. As sex steroids determine sex-specific expression patterns, we now studied the effect of sex hormones on pituitary GABA<sub>B</sub>R expression. GABA<sub>B</sub>R subunits, measured by Western blot and by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone measured by RIA were determined in two experimental designs: First experimental design: 8- and 15-day-old females (8F, 15F); 8F and 15F treated with 100 µg testosterone propionate (TP) on day 1 of life (8F100TP, 15F100TP), 8- and 15-day-old males (8M, 15M) and 8M and 15M castrated on day 1 (8MC, 15MC). Second experimental design: 8-day-old female and male animals: 8F, 8F100TP, 8F treated with 1 µg/day TP on days 1–4 (8F1TP), 8F treated with the androgen antagonist Flutamide (Flut: 2.5 mg/100 g BW of pregnant mother on days E17-E23) (8F-Flut), 8M, 8MC, 8M treated with Flut as above (8M-Flut) and 8MC-Flut. In these animals, in addition, GABA, glutamate, aspartate and taurine were measured by HPLC in hypothalami and cortex. In the first set of experiments, GABA<sub>B1</sub>R mRNA/protein expression was higher in 8F than in 15F, 8M or 15M. In 8F100TP, GABA<sub>B1</sub>R mRNA/protein decreased to male levels. TP treatment did not alter GABA<sub>B1</sub>R expression in 15F. There was no difference in GABA<sub>B1</sub>R expression between 8M and 15M and neonatal castration did not modify its expression. In the second set of experiments, TP (1 µg) or Flut did not modify GABA<sub>B1</sub>R in 8F, while 100 µg TP continued to decrease GABA<sub>B1</sub>R expression. In 8M, Flut, alone or with castration, increased GABA<sub>B1</sub>R mRNA/protein expression to 8F. Hypothalamic GABA content followed the same pattern as pituitary GABA<sub>B</sub>R expression in 8-day-old animals, suggesting a cross-regulation. With regard to hormonal levels, 100 µg, but not 1 µg TP altered gonadotropins at 8 days, although both treatments effectively androgenized females as evidenced by lack of cycling. We conclude that androgens, acting pre- and postnatally, decrease pituitary GABA<sub>B</sub>R subunit expression.
A Being of Value: Educating for Environmental Advocacy
Authors: Newton Lisa 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper explores the conceptual links between the intellectual mastery of the content of a course on the ecological and economic aspects of environmental preservation, and the felt commitment to environmental preservation. I discuss the sense in which a practical ethics course is necessarily oriented to the adoption of a normative agenda, in this case to making recognition of environmental value part of the requirements of the course, and present some experience from my own university's seminar on environmental studies.
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene for Improving Fire Performance of Urethane Foam
Authors: Wu Jinhuang , Bertelo Christopher , Caron Laurent 
Published: December 2004

In the United States, HCFC-141b was phased out of urethane foam applications on January 1, 2003. Zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) alternatives, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrocarbons (normal pentane, isopentane, and cyclopentane), have been introduced to replace HCFC-141b. However, none of these alternatives can match the performance of HCFC-141b in terms of handling, economics, and overall final product performance. In particular, the fire performance of hydrocarbons-based foams cannot reach the performance previously achieved with HCFC-141b. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene is a liquid at room temperature (b.p. 48 C). It does not deplete the ozone layer1, and it has very low global warming potential (GWP) because it has very short atmospheric lifetime. We have recently reported that when trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is used in urethane foams with hydrocarbons, it could improve the fire performance of the foams, based on a small-scale fire test (Mobil 45). In this paper, we report physical properties of hydrocarbons/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene foams, such as dimensional stability and compressive strength. We have also extended our studies of the use of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and report on the fire performance of HFC-blown urethane foams incorporating trans-1,2-dichloroethylene2.
A New Computational Method for Prediction of Transient Hygroscopic Stresses during Moisture Desorption in Laminated Composite Plates with Different Degrees of Anisotropy
Authors: Tounsi A. , Bedia E. A. Adda , Benachour A. 
Published: December 2004

A theoretical study is presented for predicting the hygrothermal behavior of laminated composite plates during moisture desorption. This investigation is aimed at overcoming the computational difficulties in the determination of transient hygroscopic stress distribution through laminated plates and in the evaluation of the effect of anisotropy on the evolution of such stresses. To calculate such stresses during desorption phase, we present a new method by which we are able to predict directly the evolution of transient hygroscopic stresses within laminated composite plates without the calculation of moisture concentrations as in the case of Benkeddad’s method in which we are obliged to determine the moisture distribution across the plate before the calculation of such stresses. This is very important and must be taken into account in the design of composite material, particularly aerospace structures for example, aircraft. The second part of this investigation is devoted to the analysis of the effect of anisotropy on the hygrothermal behavior of laminated plates during moisture desorption. The polar representation method of anisotropic properties is selected as a convenient tool for this study. By this method, the author is able to assess the anisotropy of composite laminated plates using the degree of anisotropy. Some stacking sequences with different in-plane degree of anisotropy were investigated in order to show the effect of anisotropy on the transverse hygroscopic stresses. Finally, the results of this paper can be used to guide the derivation of future by opening a way for the optimal design of composite structures submitted to a moist environment.
Nuclear fibroblast growth factor-2 interacts specifically with splicing factor SF3a66
Authors: Gringel Susanne , van Bergeijk Jeroen , Haastert Kirsten , Grothe Claudia , Claus Peter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) has a dual role as a classical extracellular signaling protein and as an intracellular factor. Isoforms of FGF-2, resulting from alternatively used start codons on one mRNA species, locate differentially to nuclear compartments. In this study we aimed to analyze functions of intracellular FGF-2 by identification of interacting proteins. We identified the 66-kDa subunit of splicing factor 3a (SF3a66) as a binding partner in a yeast two-hybrid screen and confirmed this interaction by pull-down assays. The splicing factor interacted with the 18-kDa (FGF-218) and with the 23-kDa (FGF-223) isoforms, indicating an interaction with a domain common to both isoforms. Moreover, FGF-2 interacted with the C-terminus of SF3a66, a sequence that has not previously been assigned a functional role. In a functional neurite outgrowth assay, SF3a66 enhanced neurite lengths similar to FGF-218. We have previously identified the spliceosomal assembly factor survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein as a protein interacting specifically with the FGF-223isoform [Claus et al., J. Biol. Chem.278(2003), 479–485]. The identification of two FGF-2 interacting proteins from the same biochemical pathway suggests a novel intranuclear role of FGF-2.
Harrison M. Trice 1984 "Rites and Ceremonials in Organizational Cultures"
Authors: Jacobson Claire 
Published: December 2004

In Perspectives on Organizational Sociology and Research S. B. Bacharach and S. M. Mitchell (Eds.) Greenwich, Conn JAI Press, Vol. 4.Trice M. Harrison and Janice M. Beyer. 1984 "Studying Organizational Cultures Through Rites and Ceremonials," Academy of Management Review. Vol. 4, NO.
Occupational Hazards of Drug Crop Cultivation in Latin America
Authors: Leons M. Barbara 
Published: December 2004

Coca Mama–The War On Drugs. Jan Thielen. 52 minutes. Color. New York: Filmakers Library, 2001.Voices of the Sierra Tarahumara. Robert Brewten and Felix Arthur, Gehm. 52 minutes. Color. Berkeley: University of California Extension and Center for Media and Independent Learning, 2001.
Four‐Component Relativistic Electronic Structure Theory
Authors: Visscher Lucas 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
An accurate description of the electronic structure of heavy elements requires a relativistic description of the motion of electrons. The quantum mechanical Dirac equation provides the theoretical framework for this description and is used either directly or in an approximated form in modern quantum chemical calculations. This paper discusses the foundation of the theory, the possible approximations that may be made, and the computational characteristics of the resulting algorithms.
Individual differences in children's suggestibility: a review and synthesis
Authors: Bruck Maggie , Melnyk Laura 
Published: December 2004

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been a significant growth in the study of individual differences factors predicting children's suggestibility. In this paper, we synthesize the results of 69 studies examining the relationship of demographic factors (socioeconomic status and gender), cognitive factors (intelligence, language, memory, theory of mind, executive functioning, behavioural ratings of distractibility, and creativity), and psycho‐social factors (social engagement, self concept/self‐efficacy, stress/emotional arousal/state anxiety, maternal attachment styles, parent‐child relationship, parenting styles, temperament, and mental health) and children's suggestibility. We found that for cognitive factors, language ability and creativity were fairly consistently related to suggestibility. The highest correlations for psycho‐social factors and suggestibility were obtained for measures of self‐concept/self‐efficacy, maternal attachment, and the parent‐child relationship. Implications for future research and mechanisms underlying children's suggestibility are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis of Correlated Zero‐inflated Count Data
Authors: Dagne Getachew A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis article presents two‐component hierarchical Bayesian models which incorporate both overdispersion and excess zeros. The components may be resultants of some intervention (treatment) that changes the rare event generating process. The models are also expanded to take into account any heterogeneity that may exist in the data. Details of the model fitting, checking and selecting alternative models from a Bayesian perspective are also presented. The proposed methods are applied to count data on the assessment of an efficacy of pesticides in controlling the reproduction of whitefly. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Investigation on the Allelic Chi‐Square Test Used in Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Kang Seung‐Ho , Shin Dong‐Wan , Oh Man‐Suk , Ahn Chul W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCase‐control studies are primary study designs used in genetic association studies. Sasieni (Biometrics 1997, 53, 1253–1261) pointed out that the allelic chi‐square test used in genetic association studies is invalid when Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is violated in a combined population. It is important to know how much type I error rate is deviated from the nominal level under violated HWE. We examine bounds of type I error rate of the allelic chi‐square test. We also investigate power of the goodness‐of‐fit test for HWE which can be used as a guideline for selecting an appropriate test between the allelic chi‐square test and the modified allelic chi‐square test, the latter of which was proposed for cases of violated HWE. In small samples, power is not large enough to detect the Wright's inbreeding model of small values of inbreeding coefficient. Therefore, when the null hypothesis of HWE is barely accepted, the modified test should be considered as an alternative method. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)