bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The J‐shape effect of alcohol intake on the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes in diabetic subjects: the CARDIO2000 II Study
Authors: Pitsavos C. , Makrilakis K. , Panagiotakos D. B. , Chrysohoou C. , Ioannidis I. , Dimosthenopoulos C. , Stefanadis C. , Katsilambros N. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAims  To identify the threshold of alcohol consumption above which the balance of risk and benefit becomes adverse in diabetic subjects.Methods  We studied demographic, lifestyle, dietary and clinical information in 216 hospitalized diabetic patients (171 men, 63 ± 9 years old, 45 women, 67 ± 5 years old) with a first event of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 196 frequency matched (age–sex) diabetic controls, without any clinical evidence of coronary heart disease. Alcohol consumption was quantified and a measure for the comparisons was predetermined to be a wine glass (100 ml of wine, 12 g of ethanol) and its alcohol equivalents.Results  Alcohol consumption was associated with an age‐adjusted J‐shape relationship with total cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking (all P < 0.001). A J‐shape association was also found between alcohol intake and the risk of ACS (OR = 2.54–2.43 × (alcohol intake) + 0.80 × (alcohol intake)2, R2 = 0.96, P < 0.001), adjusted for several risk factors and interactions between alcohol intake and smoking status, job and familial stress, and low income. In particular, low alcohol consumption (< 12 g/day) was associated with a 47% (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.28–0.97) reduction of the prevalence of ACS, while a higher intake (12–24 and > 24 g/day) increased the prevalence by 2.7‐fold (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.39–5.38) and 5.4‐fold (OR = 5.44, 95% CI 1.21–24.55), respectively.Conclusions  Alcohol intake is a significant predictor of coronary events. Low‐to‐moderate intake seems to be associated with a reduction in the prevalence of ACS in diabetes, whereas higher consumption is associated with an increase in lipids and blood pressure levels, and also the risk of developing ACS.
The annual incidence of diabetic complications in a population of patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
Authors: McAlpine R. R. , Morris A. D. , Emslie‐Smith A. , James P. , Evans J. M. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAim  The DARTS diabetes register was used to determine incidence rates of diabetes and related complications in 1997.Methods  The diabetes register records detailed clinical information for all patients diagnosed with diabetes in Tayside, Scotland. The study population included patients who were alive and registered with a Tayside GP for the duration of 1997 or who died in Tayside during this time. Patients who had diabetes prior to 1997, those who developed diabetes in 1997, and those who developed diabetic complications in 1997, were identified.Results  In the Tayside population of 385 774 at the start of 1997, there were 942 and 6632 patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, with a further 29 and 744 patients diagnosed in 1997. The incidence rates (with 95% confidence intervals) of diabetic complications per 1000 patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, respectively, were: angina 8.8 (4.5–17.3) and 38.4 (33.4–44.2); myocardial infarction 8.6 (4.4–16.9) and 21.9 (18.4–25.9); cerebrovascular accident 1.1 (0.3–6.0) and 14.2 (11.6–17.5); lower extremity amputation 3.2 (1.2–9.4) and 3.1 (2.1–4.8); peripheral vascular disease 5.5 (2.4–12.8) and 13.6 (11.0–16.8); registered blindness 1.1 (0.3–5.9) and 1.6 (0.9–2.9); end‐stage renal failure 6.4 (3.0–13.8) and 5.0 (3.6–7.0). Mortality was 14.6 per 1000 (9.6–25.7) in Type 1 diabetes and 50.0 per 1000 (45.1–55.3) in Type 2 diabetes.Conclusion  This study provides baseline figures for rates of diabetic complications for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and confirms the increased burden of macrovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes.
Alcohol consumption and other risk factors for self‐reported diabetes among middle‐aged Japanese: a population‐based prospective study in the JPHC study cohort I
Authors: Waki K. , Noda M. , Sasaki S. , Matsumura Y. , Takahashi Y. , Isogawa A. , Ohashi Y. , Kadowaki T. , Tsugane S. ,   for the JPHC Study Group
Published: February 2005

AbstractAims  Few prospective studies have examined the relationship between lifestyle characteristics and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in an Asian general population. This study was undertaken to evaluate the risk factors for Type 2 diabetes in a population‐based prospective study of middle‐aged Japanese.Methods  We investigated 12 913 men and 15 980 women, aged 40–59 years at baseline (year 0), who participated in the Japan Public Health Center‐based prospective study on cancer and cardiovascular diseases (JPHC Study) Cohort I. The participants were followed for up to 10 years. Incident cases of diabetes were identified by self‐reporting of a physician's diagnosis on two questionnaires sent to each participant, one at year 5 and the second at year 10.Results  During the 10‐year follow‐up, 703 men and 482 women reported newly diagnosed diabetes. Age, body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes and cigarette smoking were independent risk factors in both genders by multivariate analysis. Among men with a BMI ≤ 22 kg/m2, a significant positive association was observed between the diabetes incidence and moderate (23.0 < 46.0 g/day) to high (> 46.0 g/day) alcohol consumption, odds ratio 1.91 (95% CI, 1.05–3.46) and 2.89 (1.63–5.11), respectively. Among men with a BMI > 22 kg/m2, a small non‐significant increase in odds ratio was observed with alcohol consumption.Conclusions  Established risk factors for diabetes in western populations were also identified as predictors of the disease among Japanese. Moderate to high alcohol consumption was positively associated with the incidence of diabetes in Japanese lean (BMI ≤ 22 kg/m2) men.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 and 70/30 in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a randomized double‐blinded crossover study
Authors: Chen J.‐W. , Lauritzen T. , Christiansen J. J. , Jensen L. H. , Clausen W. H. O. , Christiansen J. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAims  To compare pharmacokinetic characteristics of two biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp) formulations: BIAsp30 and BIAsp70 (30% and 70%, respectively, of fast‐acting insulin aspart) during 15 days of multiple dosing (thrice daily).Methods  A total of 22 patients with Type 1 diabetes (nine women, 13 men) aged 41.4 ± 9.9 years (mean ± sd) with a diabetes duration of 18.9 (2.3–40.3) years (median and range) completed the randomized, double‐blinded, two‐period crossover study. On day 1 and day 15 of each treatment period, 24‐h serum insulin and glucose profiles were evaluated. Total area under the insulin aspart concentration–time curve (AUC(0−24 h)), AUC after dinner administration stratified into early (AUCdinner(0−6 h)) and intermediate‐phase (AUCdinner(6−14 h)), maximum insulin concentration (Cmax), time to maximum insulin concentration (Tmax) after each meal were recorded.Results  On day 15 BIAsp70 was associated with a shorter Tmax, and more than 40% elevated Cmax. Comparing with BIAsp30, AUC(0−24 h) and AUCdinner(0−6 h) were increased by 25% and 28%, respectively, but AUCdinner (6−14 h) was markedly lower for BIAsp70 [BIAsp30/BIAsp70: 1.9; 95% CI (1.42, 2.55)]. Similar findings were also observed on day 1. The fasting or pre‐meal serum insulin levels on day 15 tended to be higher with BIAsp30, but the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions  The pharmacokinetic properties of BIAsp30 and 70 remain constant during 2 weeks of daily administration in patients with Type 1 diabetes. In comparison with BIAsp30, the administration of BIAsp70 results in a shorter time to and larger maximum insulin aspart concentration. Furthermore, total and early post‐dinner insulin AUC were greater, whereas late‐phase insulin exposure was lower with BIAsp70.
Plasma leptin concentration in patients with Type 2 diabetes: relationship to cardiovascular disease risk factors and insulin resistance
Authors: Abdella N. A. , Mojiminiyi O. A. , Moussa M. A. , Zaki M. , Al Mohammedi H. , Al Ozairi E. S. S. , Al Jebely S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAims  The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of obesity, leptin, insulin resistance and C‐reactive protein (CRP) with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with CHD compared with those with Type 2 DM without CHD.Methods  Leptin, CRP (high sensitivity assay), fasting plasma insulin, glucose, HbA1c and full lipid profile were determined in 58 Type 2 diabetic patients with CHD and 87 Type 2 DM patients without CHD. Results were compared between those with and without CHD. Univariate correlation as well as logistic regression analyses were used to relate these markers with traditional CHD risk factors.Results  Leptin showed significant correlations with BMI (r = 0.59; P ≤ 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.45; P < 0.0001), CRP (r = 0.36; P < 0.0001), and fasting insulin (r = 0.53; P < 0.0001) as well as with systolic (r = 0.23; P = 0.007) and diastolic (r = 0.23; P = 0.007) blood pressure. However, when those with and without CHD were compared only age (P < 0.0001), duration of diabetes (P < 0.001) and degree of microalbuminuria (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in patients with CHD. Leptin (P = 0.49), CRP (P = 0.19) and lipid parameters were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion  Our study confirms a relationship between leptin and CRP with CHD risk factors. The lack of significant difference when patients with and without CHD are compared may be due to the potential confounding effects of treatment with aspirin and statins.
A comparison of urinary albumin excretion rate and microalbuminuria in various glucose tolerance subjects
Authors: Wang XL. , Lu JM. , Pan CY. , Tian H. , Li CL. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAims  To investigate the difference of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and microalbuminuria (MAU) in various glucose tolerance subjects, especially between isolated‐impaired glucose tolerance subjects and isolated‐impaired fasting glycaemia subjects.Methods  A total of 2934 subjects were divided into five groups with various glucose tolerances, based on a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. Microalbuminuria was defined when urinary albumin excretion rate was between 20 and 200 µg/min.Results  (i) The UAER in the newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus group, impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glycaemia group and isolated‐impaired glucose tolerance group were all higher than that in the isolated‐impaired fasting glycaemia group and normal glucose tolerance group, but it was comparable between isolated‐impaired fasting glycemia group and normal glucose tolerance group. The prevalence of MAU and the odds ratio for MAU with adjustment for age and sex in various glucose tolerance groups showed the same trend as the UAER. (ii) After adjusting for age and sex, there is a significant association between logUAER and independent risk factors (partial correlation coefficients: r = 0.26 for 2‐h post‐challenge blood glucose, r = 0.26 for systolic blood pressure, r = 0.27 for diastolic blood pressure, r = 0.27 for body mass index and r = −0.13 for high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, all P < 0.001). The risks for MAU were 2‐h post‐challenge blood glucose, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure, while high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol was protective.Conclusions  The urinary albumin excretion rate and prevalence of microalbuminuria were higher in isolated‐impaired glucose tolerance subjects than those in isolated‐impaired fasting glycaemia subjects. At early abnormal glucose tolerance stage, the increasing post‐challenge glycaemia might be a more important risk factor for urinary albumin excretion rate and microalbuminuria than increasing fasting glycaemia.
Hepatitis C virus infection‐related Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen L.‐K. , Chou Y.‐C. , Tsai S.‐T. , Hwang S.‐J. , Lee S.‐D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and many other viral infections have been associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM). An association between HCV and Type 1 DM, however, has never been reported. We report the case of a 66‐year‐old man who developed Type 1 DM 1 year after a blood transfusion‐related HCV infection. Testing of serum specimens obtained in the weeks following blood transfusion demonstrated evidence of both acute HCV infection and development of Type 1 DM‐related autoantibodies.Case report  A 66‐year‐old Taiwanese male received blood transfusions during coronary artery bypass surgery in 1987. Serum specimens, obtained as part of a study on post‐transfusion hepatitis, demonstrated that the patient had no evidence of hepatitis C prior to transfusion, but developed acute HCV infection after transfusion. One year later, the patient, who had no personal or family history of diabetes, presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, and tests for C‐peptide confirmed that he had Type 1 DM. Testing of pre‐ and post‐operative serum specimens demonstrated that the patient developed positive tests for islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies 4 weeks after transfusion, concurrent with the development of acute HCV infection.Conclusions  The simultaneous development of HCV infection and diabetes‐related autoantibodies suggest a relationship between HCV and Type 1 DM.
Affective and anxiety disorders in a German sample of diabetic patients: prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors
Authors: Hermanns N. , Kulzer B. , Krichbaum M. , Kubiak T. , Haak T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAims  The aims of this study were to examine (1) the prevalence of clinical and subclinical anxiety and affective disorders in a sample of diabetic patients attending a secondary care clinic in Germany and (2) risk factors associated with the occurrence of these disorders.Methods  Four hundred and twenty diabetic patients (36.9% Type 1; 24.7% Type 2; 38.4% Type 2 with insulin) participated in a questionnaire‐based screening survey. Those who screened positive received a diagnostic interview.Results  Prevalence of clinical affective disorders was 12.6%, with an additional 18.8% of patients reporting depressive symptoms without fulfilling all criteria for a clinical affective disorder. The prevalence of anxiety disorders was 5.9%, with an additional 19.3% of patients reporting some anxiety symptoms. The comorbidity rate of affective and anxiety disorders was 1.8%, whereas 21.4% of the diabetic patients reported elevated affective as well as anxiety symptomatology. Logistic regression established demographic variables such as age, female gender and living alone as well as diabetes‐specific parameters such as insulin treatment in Type 2 diabetes, hypoglycaemia problems and poor glycaemic control as risk factors for affective disorders. For anxiety symptoms female gender, younger age and Type 2 diabetes were significant independent variables.Conclusion  The prevalence of affective disorders in diabetic patients was twofold higher than in the non‐diabetic population, whereas prevalence for anxiety disorders was not increased. Analysis of risk factors can facilitate the identification of patients who are at a greater risk for these disorders.
Caries risk assessment as a predictor of metabolic control in young Type 1 diabetics
Authors: Twetman S. , Petersson G. H. , Bratthall D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAims  To investigate the relationship between caries risk and glucosylated haemoglobin and to evaluate the use of a computerized caries risk assessment program as a predictor of metabolic control in schoolchildren with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods  The material consisted of 64 young Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (8–16 years) attending an outpatient paediatric clinic. Within 2 weeks after the onset of diabetes, a caries risk assessment was carried out with the aid of a computer‐based program (Cariogram) and data on the level of metabolic control were collected from the medical records at the 3‐year check‐up. Caries increment was registered at recall clinical examinations.Results  A statistically significant positive relationship between caries risk and metabolic control was found (r = 0.51; P < 0.01), with a sevenfold increased risk of impaired metabolic control after 3 years in those assessed with high caries risk at onset (OR 7.3; P < 0.01). When the Cariogram was used as a predictor for the metabolic state of the disease, the sensitivity and specificity was 75% and 71%, respectively. The negative predictive value was 91%.Conclusions  Our data suggested that a caries risk assessment at the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in children may be a good indicator of overall health care that can provide useful prognostic information on the level of metabolic control after 3 years.
An intensified lifestyle intervention programme may be superior to insulin treatment in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetic patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents: results of a feasibility study
Authors: Aas A. M. , Bergstad I. , Thorsby P. M. , Johannesen Ø. , Solberg M. , Birkeland K. I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAims  The aims of this study were to assess whether, in Type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycaemic control on oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA), a lifestyle intervention programme based on exercise and diet counselling (i) was as effective as insulin treatment in controlling blood glucose, and (ii) could prevent the weight gain usually accompanying the introduction of insulin treatment.Methods  Thirty‐eight Type 2 diabetic subjects treated with OHA, HbA1c 8–10.5% and body mass index (BMI) 26–40 kg/m2, were randomized to the following treatments: (i) lifestyle intervention (L), (ii) lifestyle intervention + insulin treatment (L+I) and (iii) insulin treatment alone (I).Results  There was a reduction in HbA1c of −1.2 (interquartile range 1.0), −1.0 (1.7) and −1.5 (2.5)% in group L, L+I and I, respectively, and all treatment groups achieved beneficial changes in blood lipid variables. There was no significant difference between the groups in the change observed in levels of HbA1c between start and 12 months of treatment (P = 0.74). There was a significant difference in weight changes between groups (P < 0.01): group L reduced weight by median −3.0 (4.0) kg, groups L+I and I increased weight by 3.5 (3.4) and 4.9 (6.9) kg, respectively.Conclusions  Lifestyle intervention was as effective as insulin treatment in improving glycaemic control in poorly controlled subjects with Type 2 diabetes, and resulted in weight loss during the intervention year. However, glycaemic control deteriorated and body weight increased in the lifestyle intervention group 1 year after the intervention stopped.
Low‐dose metformin improves hyperglycaemia related to myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Kouki T. , Takasu N. , Nakachi A. , Tamanaha T. , Komiya I. , Tawata M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground  One of the clinical features of myotonic dystrophy is insulin resistance with non‐obese diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, the mechanism of insulin resistance in patients with myotonic dystrophy was revealed. The optimal treatment of DM with myotonic dystrophy has not been established. We report the effect of metformin in a patient with myotonic dystrophy without obesity.Case report  A 58‐year‐old woman (BMI = 22.1 kg/m2) with myotonic dystrophy and DM was followed at our clinic. She had been treated with glimepiride for DM for the last 6 months, without achieving good control (HbA1c 9.3%). She was admitted with congestive heart failure and cholecystitis. She was treated with diuretics, antibiotics and insulin. As her blood glucose fell, we discontinued insulin and started glimepiride, but her glycaemic control had worsened. We started metformin instead of glimepiride. After 4 weeks of metformin, HbA1c was decreased to 7.4%, while HOMA‐IR during glimepiride treatment was 4.9, and 3.7 with metformin. Three months later, HbA1c was maintained (7.5%).Conclusion  It is important to choose the optimal treatment for DM in myotonic dystrophy, because the patients have hyperinsulinemia caused by specific mechanism and could not reduce the insulin resistance. Metformin improved hyperglycemia through increased insulin‐independent glucose uptake in peripheral muscle. We believe metformin is the optimal agent for these patients.
The economic consequences of preterm birth duringthe first 10 years of life
Authors: Petrou Stavros 
Published: February 2005

Objective  To examine the association between gestational age at the time of birth and long‐term use and cost of hospital inpatient services.Design  Multi‐level modelling of the hospital service utilisation and cost profile of each child born in hospital during 1978–1988 in two areas covered by the Oxford Record Linkage Study.Setting  Oxfordshire and West Berkshire.Population  117,212 children divided into four subgroups by gestational age at birth: <28 weeks, 28–31 weeks, 32–36 weeks, 37 weeks or greater.Main outcome measures  Number and duration of hospital admissions during the first 10 years of life. Costs, expressed in £ sterling and valued at 1998–1999 prices, of hospital inpatient services.Results  The cumulative cost of hospital inpatient admissions incurred during the first 10 years of life, including the initial birth admission, averaged £17,819.94 [£22,322.87] for children born at <28 weeks gestation, £17,751.00 [£19,055.53] for children born at 28–31 weeks gestation, £5,376.39 [£7,393.78] for children born at 32–36 weeks gestation, and £1,658.63 [£3,409.14] for children born at 37 weeks gestation or greater. The adjusted number of hospital inpatient admissions, inpatient days and costs, respectively, over the first 10 years of life was 130%, 77% and 443% higher for children born at <28 weeks gestation than for children born at term.Conclusion  The adverse sequelae of preterm birth are likely to have considerable long‐term economic consequences for the health services and for society as a whole.
Use of uterine EMG and cervical LIF in monitoring pregnant patients
Authors: Garfield Robert E. , Maner William L. , Maul Holger , Saade George R. 
Published: February 2005

Objectives  Review the uterine electromyography (EMG) and cervical light‐induced fluorescence (LIF) devices and their role in the evaluation of uterine and cervical function in comparison with present methods.Design  Review of recent studies.Setting  University of Texas Medical Branch Labour and Delivery Clinics.Population  Various groups of pregnant women.Methods  We have developed and recently improved non‐invasive methods to evaluate quantitatively uterine electrical signals from the abdominal surface and cervical collagen.Main outcome measures  Uterine EMG utilised power density spectrum (PDS) peak frequency and total power (P0) and cervical LIF utilising LIF ratio.Results  Human studies indicate that uterine and cervical performance can be successfully monitored during pregnancy using EMG and LIF, respectively, and the assessment of uterine and cervical function can both be used to influence patient management in a variety of conditions associated with labour, more than can currently available methods.Conclusions  The potential benefits of the proposed instrumentation include the following: a reduction in the rate of preterm birth, improved maternal and perinatal outcome, better monitoring of treatment, decreased caesarean section rate and better research methods for understanding uterine and cervical function.