bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Metabolism in Residents in the Low- and Moderate Altitude
Regions of Central Asia with MAFLD and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Toktogulova Nurgul , Breidert Matthias , Eschbach Judith , Kudaibergenova Indira , Omurzakova Uulkan , Uvaidillaeva Feruzakhan , Tagaeva Bermet , Sultanalieva Roza , Eftekhari Pierre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe knowledge about the features of energy metabolism in MAFLD in the population
living at different climatic and geographic heights is lacking. The goal of this
study is to explore the biochemical parameters of blood and erythrocyte energy
consumption in patients with MAFLD with and without DM2 living in the low- and
moderate-altitude regions of Central Asia. Our study was carried out on patients
living in low-altitude mountains: Bishkek, altitude=750–800 m; n=67 (MAFLD with
DM 2: n=24; MAFLD without DM2: n=25; control: n=18), and At-Bashy District,
Naryn Region, altitude=2046–2300 m; n=58 (MAFLD with DM2: n=28; MAFLD without
DM2: n=18; control: n=12). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed
according to history, laboratory tests, liver ultrasound, and exclusion of other
liver diseases. The level of liver fibrosis was determined using the FIB-4
score. Blood adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) was determined using the
CellTiter-Glo method. Healthy residents living in moderate altitudes have
significantly higher levels of cytosolic ATP in their blood (p+≤+0.05) than
residents living in low mountains. MAFLD is characterized by an increase in the
level of ATP concentration in their blood. ATP concentration decreased
significantly in patients with MAFLD with DM2 living in moderate-altitude in
comparison to those living in low-altitude mountains. The results suggest that
chronic altitude hypoxia leads to a breakdown in adaptive mechanisms of energy
metabolism of ATP in patients with MAFLD with type 2 DM.
Age-Related Quality of Life in Cardiac Surgical Patients with Extracorporeal Life Support
Authors: Terrazas Jesús A. , Stadlbauer Andrea C. , Li Jing , Bitzinger Diane , Diez Claudius , Schmid Christof , Camboni Daniele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The rationale of the study was to analyze the impact of age on quality of life (QoL) in patients who had undergone cardiac surgery with consecutive extracorporeal life support (ECLS) treatment.
Methods The study population consisted of 200 patients, operated upon between August 2006 and December 2018. The patient cohort was divided into two groups following an arbitrary cutoff age of 70 years. Comparative outcome analysis was calculated utilizing the European Quality of Life-5-Dimensions-5-Level Version (EQ-5D-5L).
Results A total of 113 patients were 70 years or less old (group young), whereas 87 patients were older than 70 years (group old). In 45.7% of cases, the ECLS system was established during cardiogenic shock and external cardiac massage. The overall survival-to-discharge was 31.5% (n = 63), with a significantly better survival in the younger patient group (young = 38.9%; old = 21.8%, p = 0.01). Forty-two patients (66%) responded to the QoL survey after a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Older patients reported more problems with mobility (y = 52%; o = 88%, p = 0.02) and self-care (y = 24%; o = 76%, p = 0.01). However, the patients' self-rated health status utilizing the Visual Analogue Scale revealed no differences (y = 70% [50–80%]; o = 70% [60–80%], p = 0.38). Likewise, the comparison with an age-adjusted German reference population revealed similar QoL indices. There were no statistically significant differences in the EQ-5D-5L index values related to sex, number of comorbidities, and emergency procedures.
Conclusion Despite the limited sample size due to the high mortality rate especially in elderly, the present study suggests that QoL of elderly patients surviving ECLS treatment is almost comparable to younger patients.
Vertical tumor-positive resection margins and the risk of residual neoplasia after endoscopic resection of Barrett’s neoplasia: a nationwide cohort with pathology reassessment
Authors: van Tilburg Laurelle , Verheij Eva P. D. , van de Ven Steffi E. M. , van Munster Sanne N. , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Herrero Lorenza Alvarez , Nagengast Wouter B. , Schoon Erik J. , Alkhalaf Alaa , Bergman Jacques J. G. H. M. , Pouw Roos E. , Oudijk Lindsey , Meijer Sybren L. , Jansen Marnix , Doukas Michail , Koch Arjun D. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Barrett Expert Centers and the Dutch Barrett Expert Centers Study Group
Published: February 2024

Background This study evaluated the proportion of patients with residual neoplasia after endoscopic resection (ER) for Barrett’s neoplasia with confirmed tumor-positive vertical resection margin (R1v).
Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing ER for Barrett’s neoplasia with histologically documented R1v since 2008 in the Dutch Barrett Expert Centers. We defined R1v as cancer cells touching vertical resection margins and Rx as nonassessable margins. Reassessment of R1v specimens was performed by experienced pathologists until consensus was reached regarding vertical margins.
Results 101/110 included patients had macroscopically complete resections (17 T1a, 84 T1b), and 99/101 (98%) ER specimens were histologically reassessed, with R1v confirmed in 74 patients (75%), Rx in 16%, and R0 in 9%. Presence/absence of residual neoplasia could be assessed in 66/74 patients during endoscopic reassessment (52) and/or in the surgical resection specimen (14), and 33/66 (50%) had residual neoplasia. Residual neoplasia detected during endoscopy was always endoscopically visible and biopsies from a normal-appearing ER scar did not detect additional neoplasia. Of 25 patients who underwent endoscopic follow-up (median 37 months [interquartile range 12–50]), 4 developed local recurrence (16.0%), all detected as visible abnormalities.
Conclusions After ER with R1v, 50% of patients had no residual neoplasia. Histological evaluation of ER margins appears challenging, as in this study 75% of documented R1v cases were confirmed during reassessment. Endoscopic reassessment 8–12 weeks after ER seems to accurately detect residual neoplasia and can help to determine the most appropriate strategy for patients with R1v.
Divergent Reactivity of δ-Acetoxy Allenoates with 1,3-Bisnucleo­philes: Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyran, Dihydropyran, and 3-Vinylpent-2-enedioate Scaffolds
Authors: Swamy K. C. Kumara , Khan Shabbir Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBase-dependent synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrans or 3,4-dihydropyrans using δ-acetoxy allenoates and enolizable carbonyls like cyclohexan-1,3-dione and ethyl benzoylacetate is reported. Thus, the use of DMAP as an organocatalytic base gives tetrasubstituted pyrans while DBU affords isomeric tetrasubstituted 3,4-dihydropyrans. The reaction of δ-acetoxy allenoates with ethyl benzoylacetate mediated by KO
t
Bu furnishes diethyl 3-vinylpent-2-enedioates.
The Impact of Sleep: From Ancient Rituals to Modern Challenges
Authors: Andersen Monica L. , Pires Gabriel Natan , Tufik Sergio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough sleep is crucial for mental and physical health, insufficient sleep is a growing problem in our modern society. In general, adults need approximately eight hours of sleep per night, but this is often unfeasible nowadays. This sleep restriction has been observed, and it has worsened, throughout the past two centuries; therefore, it is more attributed to socioeconomic changes than to biological adaptations. The most important factors to contribute to this sleep restriction were the popularization of artificial light and industrialization. The present manuscript briefly overviews, from a socioanthropological perspective, the reasons why sleep has been impacted, disclosing its effects on individuals and on society.
Source of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Burn Wound
Authors: Keswani R. K. , Hooda R. S. , Behl S. N. , Naryana G. L. , Chugh T. D. 
Published: February 2024

Summary1. Ps. aerug. is the commonest causative organism of burn wound sepsis. In our patients i. e. 23 out of 35 patients it was present either alone or in combination.2. Out of 23 patients infected with Ps. aerug., 11 were acquired in the hospital.3. Of the 9 cases, who were sterile at the time of admission, 8 got pseudomonas during their stay in the hospital.4. About one third uninfected individuals have been found to be faecal carriers of Pseudomonas during their hospital stay. They can conveniently be a source of wound infection, more so in the lower half of body. This has been convincingly seen in two cases by the use of epidemiological marker i. e. aeruginocine typing.5. Our 3 patients became skin carriers during their stay in the hospital possibly because of various sources in the hospital.6. Of 25 fomites in the hospital studied repeatedly during 12 weeks, 9 were shown to have pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be a source of cross infection.7. 4%, dettol solution used in the hospital wards was found to be infected with Ps. aerug.in 4 of the 12 samples examined. This could be due to the use of same unsterilized container over and over again.
Testis in Postvasectomy Case – A Clinico-Pathological Study of 50 Cases
Authors: Bastian Prabha , Varghese Sara , Thomas P. A. , Nair Ramakrishnan K. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryVas deferens anastomosis was carried out in 50 cases. The different histological findings noted are normal histology, sloughing and disorganisation with active spermatogenesis, hypospermatogenesis, Leydig cell hyperplasia, focal atrophy of tubules, peritubuler thickening. extravasation of spermatozoa spermatogenic maturation arrest and sertoli cell only pattern (Table II). Surgical success was 94.8%, and pregnancy rate, 63.2%. The high percentage of successful reanastomosis of vas is likely to enhance the acceptibility of vasectomy as a method for family limitation and population control. Hcwever the relatively fow pregnancy rate in spite of high surgical success requires further investigation.
Pneumatization of Mastoid Air Cell System in Cleft Lip and Plate Cases
Authors: Bhatnagar S. K. , Gupta I. J. , Sharma R. N. 
Published: February 2024

Summary27 cases of cleft cases have undertaken in this study. Pneumatization of the mastoid air cell system has been studied in a case of cleft lip & palate. The area of pneumatization is less in cleft lip and palate populations as compared Lo control subject.
Experience With Groin Flap in the Management of Hand Injuries
Authors: Bhattacharya Dr. V. , Sinha Dr. J. K. , Tripathi Dr. F. M. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryOur exprience of resurfacing hand injuries of various types requiring full thickness cover, in a series of 20 cases, with groin flap is presented. Age incidence and local causative factors are analysed. The anatomical consideration of this versatile Hlap has been discussed in brief. Predominantly the right hand of the young male members are involed. Injury to dorsal and dorsovolar surfaces were of common experience of occurence. Ipsilateral groin flap were used in seventeen cases, contrilateral flap in two cases and in one case bilateral groin flaps were given simultaneously, Flaps ol various dimensions were used. The complications encountered were few and not of serious nature. The donor area was covered by split skin graft except in small size flaps where it was sutured directly. The average duration of hospital stay was 33 days. The various advintages of this flap have been discussed. We recommend this as an ideal flap in covering injured hands requiring full thickness skin cover.
Use of Post Nasal Inlay in Leprosy
Authors: Dr Govila A. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to present a hypothesis about the mechanism of causation of nasal deformity in leprosy, based on observations on 20 cases of nasal collapse. According to this observation the earliest site of maximum destruction and replacement fibrosis is the central point of the junction of the nasal bones and the upper nasal lateral cartilages (Referred as central core). From this point to a point on the most anterior part of the junction of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid to the vomer. A fibrous remification forms at the posterior margin of the septal perforation. Contracture of this remification causes saddle deformity of the nose. Precise steps of the technique are definzd and the complications arising from the faulty technique and their treatment is presented. A devise for the prevention of graft contraction is presented.
Male Pseudohermaphrodite With Uterus In Scrotum
Authors: Sahai Dr. Yadava Vishwa Nath , Prakash Dr. Dubey Surya , Kumar Dr. Saxena Santosh 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAn unusual case of a male pseudohermaphrodite where uterus with its fallopian tubes and both the testes with their vas deference were present on one side only, has been presented. The gonadal abnormality was found to be associated with oblique inguinal hernia on the same side.
“BURNS CAUSED BY ELECTRICITY”. (A Review of one hundred cases)
Authors: Verma Prof. P. K. , Verma Dr. S. K. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryHundred cases of electrical burn have been studied. Young males adults were found to be more affected and the percentage of burn in most of the cases were rather low. High tension injury was the cause in majority of the cases. The upper extremity was involved in 80%, of cases. Cataract in the eye developed in 8 percent of the cases in which the injury was in the region of the scalp. In the region of the hand to restore function an early excision was the treatment of choice. Cases requiring amputation were delayed till a line of demarcation developed. The region of scalp was treated conservatively. As electrical injury simulates crush injury proper and adequate intravenous fluid were administered irrespective of their low percentage of burn.
Role Of Tubed Pedicle From Thigh For Resurfacing Defects Of Lower Extremity
Authors: Singh Li Col Ajaipal , Kathpalia Col P. M. L. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe utility and versatility of a tubed pedicle from the thigh hither-to unexploited for resurfacing difficult and extensive cutaneous defects of the lower extremity have been discussed. The experiences in a series of 13 patients have been presented. We advocate this method in all major defects where indications exist for importing tissues froa a distance (abdominal tubed pedicle or tubed groin flap) for reasons of convenience and ease of fixation. The donor site is well covered and leaves no residual disability.
Development of a Coagulation Disorders Unit
Authors: Szanto Timea , Helin Tuukka , Joutsi-Korhonen Lotta , Lehtinen Anna-Elina , El Beayni Nancy , Lepäntalo Aino , Lassila Riitta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur Coagulation Disorders Unit in Helsinki, Finland, provides 24/7 services for local and national hospitals and colleagues upon requests regarding bleeding and thrombosis diagnostics and management, including follow-up. The unit has a tight connection between the clinic and laboratory, and its maintenance and sharing knowledge and observations have been priorities, already for over 20 years and will continue to be of major importance. The consultation service is provided by phone during daytime and on-call hours, and in written form sent electronically to the consulting stakeholders. Thrombosis and hemostasis-targeted outpatient clinics are also available for the patients referred to the center. Writing local guidance and official guidelines, Nordic, European and international collaboration, and educational activities including social communication are critical elements for the Coagulation Disorders Unit. Alertness to acute coagulation abnormalities, such as occurred during COVID-19 and vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia, and development of strategies to manage cross-disciplinary problems are topics which call upon broad networking. The Nordic community has an ongoing historical meeting, which has been circulating among coagulation centers for the past 56 years. At the European level, the European Association of Haemophilia and Allied Disorders focuses on bleeding disorders and their management, including safety surveillance. The International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis offers excellent basic and clinical benchmarks for any Coagulation Disorders Unit. We hope that the description of the development and implementation of our Coagulation Disorders Unit in Helsinki achieves international interest and broadens international collaboration. Finally, we congratulate STH on its great contributions around the globe and for providing a vivid forum to foster the discipline of thrombosis and hemostasis.
Variability in Practice and Implementation of Oxygen Target Saturation Policies in United States' Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Parikh Pratik , White Robert D. , Tolia Veeral N. , Reyburn Brent , Guillory Charleta , Ahmad Kaashif A. 
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aimed to describe target oxygen saturation (SpO2) ranges used for premature infants in United States' neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and to describe if these target SpO2 ranges have changed in recent years.
Study Design A 29-question survey focused on target SpO2 practices and policies was distributed via the NICU medical directors listservs for the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Pediatrix Medical Group between August and October of 2021. Results were collected via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap).
Results We received responses representing 170 unique, levels 2, 3, and 4 NICUs from 36 states. Most NICUs (130, 78%) have recently changed their SpO2 targets in response to target SpO2 clinical trials. Over time, the most commonly reported target SpO2 range has shifted from 88–92% to 90–95. Of NICUs that changed limits, the most common lower SpO2 limits increased from 88 to 90% and the upper SpO2 limits changed from 92 to 95%. The interquartile range for lower SpO2 limit shifted from 85–88% to 88–90% and the IQR for upper SpO2 limit decreased from 92–95 to 94–95%. Most NICUs had designated conditions that would allow for deviations from standard target SpO2 ranges. These most commonly include pulmonary hypertension (152, 95%), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (81, 51%), and retinopathy of prematurity (51, 32%).
Conclusion Oxygen saturation limits have changed over time with an overall increase in targeted SpO2. However, there remains considerable interunit variation in SpO2 policies. There is a need to achieve consensus to optimize clinical outcomes.
Key Points
Network Risk Parity: graph theory-based portfolio construction
Authors: Ciciretti Vito , Pallotta Alberto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study presents network risk parity, a graph theory-based portfolio construction methodology that arises from a thoughtful critique of the clustering-based approach used by hierarchical risk parity. Advantages of network risk parity include: the ability to capture one-to-many relationships between securities, overcoming the one-to-one limitation; the capacity to leverage the mathematics of graph theory, which enables us, among other things, to demonstrate that the resulting portfolios is less concentrated than those obtained with mean-variance; and the ability to simplify the model specification by eliminating the dependency on the selection of a distance and linkage function. Performance-wise, due to a better representation of systematic risk within the minimum spanning tree, network risk parity outperforms hierarchical risk parity and other competing methods, especially as the number of portfolio constituents increases.
Solvation enhanced long-range proton transfer in aqueous phase for glycolaldehyde hydrogenation over Ru/C catalyst
Authors: Qiao Ying , Cao Wei , Qian Sheng-Jie , Yao Zhen , Wang Yang-Gang 
Published: February 2024

The catalytic hydrogenation of biomass-derived chemicals is essential in chemical industry due to the growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources. In this study, we present a comprehensive theoretical investigation regarding the hydrogenation of glycolaldehyde to ethylene glycol over a Ru/C catalyst by employing density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. With inclusion of explicit solvation, we have demonstrated that the glycolaldehyde hydrogenation is significantly improved due to the fast proton transfer through the hydrogen bond network. The enhanced activity could be attributed to the participation of the solvent water as the hydrogen source and the highly positively charged state of a Ru cluster in an aqueous phase, which are critical for the activation of aldehyde groups and proton-assisted hydrogenation. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into glycolaldehyde hydrogenation over Ru/C catalysts in the aqueous phase, highlighting the importance of solvation effects in the biomass conversion.
Optimal control of N–H photodissociation of pyridinyl
Authors: Alamgir Mohammed , Mahapatra Susanta 
Published: February 2024

The N–H photodissociation dynamics of the pyridinyl radical upon continuous excitation to the optically bright, first excited ππ* electronic state by an ultra-violet (UV) laser pulse has been investigated within the mathematical framework of optimal control theory. The genetic algorithm (GA) is employed as the optimization protocol. We considered a three-state and three-mode model Hamiltonian, which includes the reaction coordinate, R (a1 symmetry); the coupling coordinates (namely, out-of-plane bending coordinate of the hydrogen atom of azine group), Θ (b1 symmetry); and the wagging mode, Q9 (a2 symmetry). The three electronic states are the ground, ππ*, and πσ* states. The πσ* state crosses both the ground state and the ππ* state, and it is a repulsive state on which N–H dissociation occurs upon photoexcitation. Different vibrational wave functions along the coupling coordinates, Θ and Q9, of the ground electronic state are used as the initial condition for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The optimal UV laser pulse is designed by applying the GA, which maximizes the dissociation yield. We obtained over 95% dissociation yield through the πσ* asymptote using the optimal pulse of a time duration of ∼30 000 a.u. (∼725.66 fs).
Impact of external magnetic field on temperature anisotropy driven Weibel instability in a magnetized plasma
Authors: Pahuja Twinkle , Kumar Amit , Sagar Himank , Gupta Ruby , Sharma Jyotsna 
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we investigate the impact of an external magnetic field on the Weibel instability driven by temperature anisotropy in a magnetized plasma. The study provides the influence of electron temperature anisotropy, considering both cold as well as warm ions. We derive expressions for the growth rate Γ (s−1) in each case to quantify the effect of some specific parameters on the instability. For example, the growth rate is plotted against the magnetic field for three distinct cases: considering only electrons, including cold ions, and incorporating warm ions. It is observed that the growth rate decreases as the applied magnetic field increases. Furthermore, the addition of both cold and warm ions to the plasma significantly influences the observed effects. It can be explained as follows: in the presence of cold ions, the growth rate is decreased with an increase in the wave number kz (cm−1). In addition, a decrease in the growth rate is observed with an increasing wave number in the case of warm ions. Therefore, it can be seen that the Weibel instability, propelled by thermal anisotropy, holds significant implications owing to its prevalence in both astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. The findings presented here are expected to contribute to the advancements in magnetic field generation and particle acceleration in various astrophysical phenomena, including gamma-ray bursts, relativistic collisionless shock fronts, radio supernovae, and pulsar winds.