bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of DNA flow cytometry combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy in lymphomas
Authors: Joensuu Heikki , Klemi Pekka J. , Eerola Erkki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe nuclear DNA content of cells from 45 malignant lymphomas and from 60 benign lymph nodes obtained by fine needle aspiration was analysed to investigate the diagnostic value of DNA flow cytometry combined with routine diagnostic cytology in lymphomas.DNA aneuploidy was found in 43 per cent of lymphomas of high grade malignancy (NCI Working Formulation) but only rarely in lymphomas of intermediate‐ or low‐grade malignancy or in Hodgkin's disease, and never in benign lymph nodes. The median percentage of proliferative cells (S+G2/M) was 22·6 per cent in diploid high‐grade lymphomas, 15·3 per cent in intermediate‐, and 8·1 per cent in low‐grade lymphomas, as compared with 4·9 per cent in benign lymph nodes (P<0·0001). If the presence of DNA aneuploidy or more than 12 per cent of proliferative cells is used as a criterion for malignancy, the diagnostic accuracy of DNA flow cytometry in detecting lymphoma is 81 per cent. DNA flow cytometry suggested correct diagnosis in 10 of the 19 false positive, false negative, or indeterminate cytological findings encountered during the study. It is concluded that DNA flow cytometry combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy has diagnostic value in lymphomas, but false negative results are common especially in low‐grade lymphomas; the method should therefore be used in conjunction with light microscopy.
Nucleolar organizer regions in cutaneous tumours
Authors: Egan M. J. , Crocker J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA silver colloid technique to identify nucleolar organizer region associated protein (AgNOR) has been applied to 68 cutaneous tumours. Basal cell carcinomas, eccrine tumours, apocrine tumours, and hair follicle tumours had differences in their numbers of AgNORs; these appeared as small black dots in their nuclei. Dermatofibromas and squamous cell carcinomas showed a degree of variability in the number of AgNORs depending on the cellularity of the former and differentiation of the latter. Basal cell carcinomas possessed significantly many more AgNORs per nucleus than the other neoplasms. It is suggested that this technique, previously the province of the cytogeneticist, may be of use in the diagnosis of cutaneous neoplasms.
Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from formol–saline fixed and paraffin wax embedded tissue
Authors: Warford A. , Pringle J. H. , Hay J. , Henderson Susan D. , Lauder I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractModel experiments were designed to assess whether DNA could be recovered from formol–saline fixed peripheral blood lymphocytes and tonsil tissue for use in Southern blot gene analysis. Lymphocytes were fixed for 30 min and tonsil for 6 and 24 h, then paraffin embedded. High molecular weight DNA was extracted by prolonged digestion (2–7 days) with proteinase K or protease XXIV in the presence of 1 per cent sodium dodecyl sulphate. Restriction, transfer and hydridization were possible without modification of standard procedures. Multiple copy sequences were demonstrated using Mspl and Bst Nl restriction and hybridization for the Y chromosome (pHY 2·1 probe), single copy genes using EcoRI and BamHl restriction for the T‐cell receptor β chain (Tβ probe), and Bgl II and Hind III for the immunoglobulin heavy chain (JH probe). Identical banding to unfixed tissue was achieved except when 24 h fixed extracts were used. With these, demonstration of the 24 KB Bam Hl/Tβ and 9·2 KB Hind III/JH bands was not obtained. These findings suggest that as the fixation time is extended, alterations to DNA will limit the available range of restriction enzyme/probe combinations. However, with careful choice of these the extraction of DNA from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded pathological tissue for Southern blotting should be profitable.
Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis
Authors: Nistal M. , Paniagua R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA gland‐like cellular proliferation was observed in the deepest portion of the rete testis in both testes from a 55‐year‐old man who died from metastasis of breast carcinoma to the brain. The gland‐like proliferations consisted of columnar epithelial cells supported by a thin lamina propria. These cells displayed irregularly outlined nuclei with deep indentations. Atypias and mitoses were infrequent. The term ‘adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis’ is proposed to designate the benign lesion reported here.
Extraglomerular distribution of immunoreactive Goodpasture antigen
Authors: Cashman S. J. , Pusey C. D. , Evans D. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of Goodpasture antigen (GA) was studied in a range of human tissues using indirect immuno‐fluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Frozen sections were stained using (1) a mouse monoclonal antibody (P1) raised against the autoantigenic component of human glomerular basement membrane, (2) autoantibodies eluted from the kidneys of patients with Goodpasture's syndrome, (3) antibodies eluted from the kidneys of a sheep with Steblay nephritis, and (4) mouse monoclonal and guinea pig polyclonal antibodies to human type IV collagen. The same pattern of staining was demonstrated using the eluted antibodies and monoclonal antibody P1. The presence of GA was confirmed in the lung and choroid plexus. GA was also detected in basement membranes at a number of previously unreported sites in the eye, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, breast, and liver. GA was absent from other sites at which type IV collagen could be demonstrated. Direct immunofluorescence studies of tissue from a patient with Goodpasture's syndrome revealed deposition of IgG in the choroid plexus and eye, as well as in the kidney and lung.
Cytokeratins in cervical dysplasia and neoplasia: A comparative study of immunohistochemical staining using monoclonai antibodies NCL‐5D3, CAM 5·2, and PKK1
Authors: Angus Brian , Kiberu Sam , Purvis James , Wilkinson Linda , Horne Charles H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of low molecular weight cytokeratins (normally expressed only in simple epithelia) in intraepithelial neoplasia of grade CIN III or greater in cervical biopsies has recently been described by Bobrow et al. Our study of 127 cases confirms this finding and in addition we compare the use of three monoclonal antibodies, namely NCL‐5D3, CAM 5.2, and PKK1, in demonstrating the phenomenon. Both NCL‐5D3 and CAM 5.2 give consistently negative results for non‐neoplastic stratified squamous epithelium, as well as CIN I and CIN II lesions, whilst staining about 30 per cent of CIN III biopsies and most carcinomas. PKK1, on the other hand, stained 50 per cent of non‐neoplastic epithelia and thus did not serve as a marker of severe dysplasia. The possible implications of these observations are discussed.
Class II MHC expression in normal adrenal cortex and cortical cells in autoimmune Addison's disease
Authors: Jackson Robert , McNicol Anne Marie , Farquharson Maura , Foulis Alan K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been proposed that aberrant expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by target cells may be an initiating factor in some forms of organ specific autoimmunity. This hypothesis was tested in relation to the autoimmune form of Addison's disease by studying autopsy‐adrenal glands from eight patients who had died of recent onset idiopathic Addison's disease. Using an immunohistochemical technique, class II MHC expression was found in a minority of adrenal cortical cells in the zona reticularis in 25 normal and four hyperplastic glands, while in Addison's disease almost all residual cortical cells expressed class II MHC. Three tuberculous adrenals showed increased staining of cortical cells around areas of chronic inflammation. It is concluded that since adrenal cortical cells of the normal gland express class II MHC, aberrant expression of this product cannot be invoked as an initiating mechanism in autoimmune adrenalitis. The increased cortical expression of class II MHC seen in idiopathic Addison's disease and tuberculosis may be due to local release of lymphokines by inflammatory cells.
Immunohistochemical study of rhabdomyosarcoma. Unexpected staining with S100 protein and cytokeratin
Authors: Coindre Jean‐Michel , De Mascarel Antoine , Trojani Monique , De Mascarel Isabelle , Pages André 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe immunohistochemical study of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcomas made it possible to test eight different antibodies currently used in tumour pathology: i.e., antisera to vimentin, desmin, myoglobin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, neurofilaments, and leukocyte common antigen. Vimentin was found in 58 cases (97 per cent), desmin in 49 cases (82 per cent), myoglobin in 23 cases (38 per cent), S100 protein in 7 cases (12 percent), and cytokeratin in 3 cases (5 per cent). Other markers were negative. S100 protein was present in large round tumour cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm (round rhabdomyoblasts), whereas cytokeratin was present in small tumour cells similar to those observed in rhabdoid sarcoma. This unexpected staining should become common knowledge for the correct interpretation of the immunohistochemical study of small cell tumours in the young.
Subacute infantile mountain sickness
Authors: Sui G. J. , Liu Y. H. , Cheng X. S. , Anand I. S. , Harris E. , Harris P. , Heath D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA description is given of a disease of infants occurring in Lhasa, Tibet at an altitude of 3600m. Typically it affects infants who have been born at low altitude and subsequently brought to reside in Lhasa, and it is usually fatal within a few weeks or months. There is extreme medial hypertrophy of muscular pulmonary arteries and muscularization of pulmonary arterioles, together with dilatation of the pulmonary trunk and massive hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle. The disease is distinct from acute or chronic mountain sickness and appears to be the human counterpart of ‘brisket disease’ in cattle.
Solid cell nests of the thyroid
Authors: Harach H. Rubén 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ultimobranchial thyroid solid cell nests (SCN), irregular structures of about 1 mm in maximal diameter, are usually found in the middle third of the thyroid lateral lobes. SCN are basically composed of non‐keratinizing epidermoid cells which lack intercellular bridges and are immunohistochemically positive for a panel of high and low molecular weight keratin proteins, as well as for carcinoembryonic antigen. In addition, SCN display isolated or grouped peripheral calcitonin‐immunoreactive ‘clear’ (C) cells in up to 54 per cent of cases. The SCN central lumen, when present, is usually surrounded by mucinous cells; in addition, it may contain desquamated cells, cell debris, acid mucosubstances, characteristic PAS‐positive granular material after diastase treatment, and colloid‐like material. The so‐called mixed follicles, structures lined by epidermoid cells of SCN and follicular epithelium, are often found as an additional component of the ultimobranchial remnants.The relationship of SCN to thyroid parenchymal cells and the probable implications of the thyroid ‘ultimobranchial system’ to tumour histogenesis are analysed. Pitfalls that may emerge with regard to SCN in practical pathological approaohes are emphasized.
Functional and biosynthetic changes in endothelial cells of vessels in chronically inflamed tissues: Evidence for endothelial control of lymphocyte entry into diseased tissues
Authors: Freemont Anthony J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn vitro lymphocyte adhesion to, and selective radiosulphate uptake by, endothelial cells has been demonstrated in chronically inflamed tissues of patients with peptic ulceration, rheumatoid disease, pilonidal sinus, autoimmune thyroiditis, polymyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and pyelonephritis. These characteristics have been described previously in endothelial cells functionally specialized for promoting lymphocyte traffic from blood to lymph node parenchyma. It is suggested that these observations indicate that some vessels in inflamed tissues may be, at least in part, responsible for the selective accumulation of lymphocytes within the tissue. Manipulating the development of this type of vessel may offer a novel way of influencing the progress of inflammatory disorders.
Giant cell carcinoma of the lung—immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of dedifferentiation
Authors: Addis Bruce J. , Dewar Ann , Thurlow Nicola P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTen examples of giant cell carcinoma of the lung were examined by immunohistochemistry for expression of keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments and for epithelial membrane antigen (EM A). Six cases were also examined electron microscopically. Keratin expression and, to a lesser extent, EMA immunoreactivity were reduced in comparison with better differentiated forms of lung carcinoma. Vimentin expression was increased, often taking the form of strong paranuclear staining. This may correspond to dense paranuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments seen ultrastructurally. Desmosomes were absent or sparse in most tumours. We propose that giant cell carcinoma arises by a process of dedifferentiation. The resulting loss of epithelial features gives rise to neoplastic cells which have features in common with some forms of sarcoma.
Pulmonary endothelial and alveolar epithelial lesions induced by O,O,S‐trimethyl phosphorothioate in rats
Authors: Durham Stephen K. , Mezza Lawrence E. , Imamura Toshiko 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe morphogenesis of pulmonary injury induced by an impurity present in a commercially important organophosphorus insecticide, O, O, S‐trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS‐TMP), was studied by combined light and transmission electron microscopy. Weanling female WAG/Rij rats received OOS‐TMP dissolved in corn oil by gavage and were studied at intervals from 6 to 168 h after treatment. Sequestration of neutrophils was initially observed at 12 h after treatment and was accompanied by interstitial oedema. Plasmalemma alterations in endothelium lining capillaries and small arteries and veins were observed from 12 to 120 h after treatment and were accompanied by endothelial cell detachment and separation from the basal lamina. Abundant aggregates of fibrin were sequentially observed in intravascular, interstitial, and alveolar spaces. Platelet aggregation and degranulation were occasionally observed in capillaries as early as 12 h after treatment, and frequently observed in capillaries and small vessels from 24 to 96 h after treatment. Significant increases in wet lung weight and lung water content occurred at the same time that morphologic changes were observed in pulmonary endothelium. Alterations in type I alveolar epithelial cells were initially observed at 24 h after treatment. Cell swelling, fragmentation, and necrosis were observed in both type I and type II cells and resulted in a bare basal lamina. Marked attenuation, hypertrophy, and proliferation of type II epithelial cells followed alveolar epithelial cell injury and loss. Minimal changes were observed in non‐ciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells; predominant changes included the loss of surface microvilli and apical cytoplasmic bulge. The results of this study indicate that the endothelium and alveolar epithelium are the predominant cell types in the rat lung injured following OOS‐TMP administration. It is further concluded that the endothelial cell is the initial pulmonary cell type injured following OOS‐TMP treatment in this strain and that this cell population plays an important role in the development of OOS‐TMP‐induced pulmonary injury.
Plasmacytoid T cells in a case of lymphocytic infiltration of skin. A component of the skin‐associated lymphoid tissue?
Authors: Facchetti Fabio , De Wolf‐Peeters Chris , Van Den Oord Joost J. , Desmet Valeer J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA case of cutaneous lymphocytic infiltration with large numbers of plasmacytoid T cells (PTC) is reported. Lectin staining and immunohistological analysis revealed that PTC and cutaneous dendritic cells showed a similar expression of concanavalin A, LN2, and MT1. Moreover, differences in TAL 1B5 and S‐100 expression were noted. From these findings we suggest that PTC may occur in the skin as a component of the skin‐associated lymphoid tissue.
Lectin binding and desmin staining during bupivicaine‐induced necrosis and regeneration in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Helliwell Timothy R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe processes of bupivicaine‐induced necrosis and regeneration in rat skeletal muscle have been studied with a panel of biotinylated lectins and by immunohistochemical staining for desmin. The results indicate that the binding of lectins to the periphery of muscle fibres is not altered in necrotic and regenerating fibres at the light microscopic level although abnormal cytoplasmic staining by lectins occurs early in necrosis and is also present during regeneration. Desmin staining is lost at an early stage of necrosis and is present at an early stage of regeneration. Desmin staining in combination with morphometrical assessment of the rate of fusion and growth of regenerating fibres provides a powerful method for evaluating the processes of muscle regeneration in experimental situations.
The autopsy: A useful tool or an old relic?
Authors: Peacock Sharon J. , Machin David , Duboulay Clair E. H. , Kirkham Nigel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a combined retrospective and prospective study, clinical and autopsy data were collected to assess the changes in autopsy rate in recent years, the attitudes of clinicians and pathologists to the autopsy, and the accuracy of ante‐mortem diagnosis when compared with autopsy findings. Between 1962 and 1986, the total autopsy rate for hospital patients remained relatively constant, with an increase in Coroner's and a decrease in the hospital autopsy rate. Analysis of 5064 deaths over a 6‐year period showed a significantly greater number of males than females coming to autopsy and a decrease in autopsy rate with age for both sexes.Attitudes to the autopsy were assessed using a questionnaire. The majority of clinicians considered the autopsy to be an important investigation despite new diagnostic techniques and confirmed its value in teaching and research. Seventyseven per cent agreed that autopsy findings occasionally led to modification of the treatment of subsequent patients with the same condition. Pathologists disagreed that the autopsy is outdated in its present form and considered that not enough hospital autopsies are being requested. They also upheld its use and value in education. The cause of death as given by clinicians for a group of 60 patients was inaccurate in 12 cases.
Synergism between ethanol and carbon tetrachloride in the generation of liver fibrosis
Authors: Bosma Anne , Brouwer Adriaan , Seifert Wilfried F. , Knook Dick L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study, alcohol‐induced histological lesions in a short‐term experimental rat model were compared with those characteristic of human alcoholic liver disease. In the rat model used, pretreatment with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 6 weeks was employed possibly to sensitize the liver for the effects of alcohol and shorten the time of induction of alcoholic liver disease. After 6 weeks of CCl4 treatment, subsequent maintenance on drinking water containing up to 10 per cent alcohol for 7 weeks potentiated liver fibroplasia as compared with non‐alcohol‐treated rats. However, steatosis and alcoholic hepatitis, as histological evidence for alcoholic liver disease as seen in humans, were not observed. In non‐CCl4‐pretreated control animals, alcohol administration had no effect on liver histology.It can be concluded that in the model used, CCl4 pretreatment sensitizes the liver to increase collagen deposition following alcohol administration, but not to steatosis or alcoholic hepatitis as seen in human alcoholic liver disease. In this experimental set‐up, direct metabolic interaction of CCl4 with alcohol as a cause of the increased fibroplasia can be excluded.
An analysis of spontaneous and chemotherapy‐associated changes in skeletal osteosarcomas
Authors: Misdorp W. , Hart G. , Delemarre J. F. M. , Voŭcte P. A. , Van Der Eijken J. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMicroscopically assessed changes observed in large sections of osteosarcomas from patients who had undergone pre‐operative chemotherapy (PCT) (n=22), or no chemotherapy (n=22), were examined either quantitatively, semi‐quantitatively, or qualitatively. Eight tumour characteristics were associated with the treatment mode by way of a stepwise logistic analysis. Minimal amount of viable tumour tissue (< 10 per cent) and strong fibroblastic proliferation were each proved to be associated with PCT. These two variables in combination indicated a good response to PCT. The discrimination between PCT and non‐PCT patients based on statistical analysis was superior to discrimination based on ‘overall impression’.
The pathology of diabetic hepatitis
Authors: Nagore Norma , Scheuer Peter J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLiver biopsies from nine patients with maturity‐onset diabetes and fatty liver hepatitis were semiquantitively assessed, and the findings compared with those in alcoholic hepatitis. Overall appearances were similar, but the lesion in some diabetics was periportal rather than perivenular in location, and nuclear vacuolation of hepatocyte nuclei was alway present. The inflammatory infiltrate often included neutrophil leucocytes, as in the alcoholic. In three patients with multiple biopsies, progression appeared to be slow, but one patient developed cirrhosis.
CD1c antigens are present in normal and neoplastic B‐cells
Authors: Smith Mark E. F. , Thomas J. Alero , Bodmer Walter F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe immunohistochemical detection of CD1c antigen is described in mantle zone B‐cells of the tonsil, lymph node, and spleen, and also in the marginal zone B‐cells of the spleen. CD1c expression was observed in most cases of low‐grade, but in only a single case of high‐grade, B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. It was not detected in germinal centre cells, nor in Epstein—Barr virus‐transformed or Burkitt's lymphoma B‐cell lines. This distribution suggests that CD1c expression may occur preferentially in slowly proliferating B‐cell populations and does not support previous suggestions that CD1c is a human equivalent of the mouse thymus leukamiea antigens.
The histopathology of the upper airway in the neonate following mechanical ventilation
Authors: Hwang W. S. , Boras V. , Trevenen C. L. , McMillan D. D. , Gargey P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLaryngotracheobronchial lesions were carefully documented in 26 neonatal autopsies and were classified into two main types. Type I lesions were focal desquamative or ulcerative, asynchronous, and variable in severity involving areas exposed to contact with endotracheal tube or suction catheter. These lesions are most likely due to trauma of artificial ventilation. Type II lesions were diffuse, necrotizing, more synchronous and uniform in severity involving tissues distal to the endotracheal tube and extending to second or third generation bronchi. The early or mild type II lesions consisted of coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells and mucosal oedema. The late or severe type II lesions showed features similar to those of necrotizing tracheobronchitis described by Metley et al. All the cases with type II lesions had been ventilated with 100 per cent oxygen continuously for at least 3 h during life. The use of pure oxygen may be an important factor leading to necrotizing tracheobronchitis.