bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diffusion of marketing science in the practitioners' community: opening the black box
Authors: Bemmaor Albert C. , Hans Franses Philip 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis editorial discusses an illustration of the potential hindrances to the diffusion of modern methodologies in the practitioners' (i.e. the buyers of research, not the consultants) community. Taking the example of classical regression analysis based on store‐level scanner data, the authors discuss the potential limitations of the classical regression model, with the example of the occurrence of ‘wrong’ signs and of coefficients with unexpected magnitudes. In an interview with one of the authors, a (randomly picked) Senior Marketing Research Manager at a leading firm of packaged goods reports his/her experience with econometric models. To him/her, econometric models are presented as a ‘black box’ (his/her written words). In his/her experience, they provided results that were ‘quite good’ in a ‘much focused’ context only. There were experimental data obtained with a Latin square design and the analysis included a single brand with only four stock‐keeping units (SKUs). The company ‘dropped’ the more ‘ambitious’ studies, which analysed the effect of the retail promotions run by all the actors in a market because of a lack of predictive accuracy (his/her written words are in quotes). The authors suggest that Bayesian methodology can help open the black box and obtain more acceptable results than those obtained at present. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advertising response models with managerial impact: an agenda for the future
Authors: Vakratsas Demetrios 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses recent advances in advertising response models and identifies new opportunities for managerially relevant research. First, it establishes that recent research has shifted attention from topics such as duration of advertising effects in mature markets and short‐term advertising elasticities to issues such as combined effects of ad content and weight and effectiveness in evolving markets. Then, motivated from recent trends in advertising practice, it presents a research agenda consisting of four main topics: (1) new media and forms of advertising (e.g. product placement), (2) media synergies, (3) advertising productivity and (4) advertising effects on performance stability. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The implementation challenge of pricing decision support systems for retail managers
Authors: Montgomery Alan L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThere has been an explosion in the availability of data and computing ability in retail management that has led to a new desire on the part of managers to implement demand based management. Demand based management uses statistical models to predict consumer price response using historical information. These models can be used to construct pricing decision support systems for retail managers. Currently, many firms have begun offering software to perform price optimization. This article considers how recent advances in academic research can contribute to the implementation of these systems, and in turn consider the new questions likely to be posed by the developers and users of these new systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retail assortment, shelf and stockout management: issues, interplay and future challenges
Authors: Campo Katia , Gijsbrechts Els 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStarting from a brief literature review, this paper identifies key issues for future research in three related category management (CM) decision areas: assortment, shelf and stockout management. It elaborates on the interdependencies between the three CM issues, underscoring the need for a more integrated research approach. A common framework is presented of factors mediating and moderating consumer reactions to CM changes, which may provide guidelines for future research on reaction heterogeneity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the methodological challenges to be faced, ranging from advanced data collection procedures, over the development of more ingenious model structures, to the design of more powerful estimation and optimization routines. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical Bayesian Estimation of the Disease Transmission Probability in Multiple‐Vector‐Transfer Designs
Authors: Bilder Christopher R. , Tebbs Joshua M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPlant disease is responsible for major losses in agriculture throughout the world. Diseases are often spread by insect organisms that transmit a bacterium, virus, or other pathogen. To assess disease epidemics, plant pathologists often use multiple‐vector‐transfers . In such contexts, groups of insect vectors are moved from an infected source to each of n test plants that will then be observed for developing symptoms of infection. The purpose of this paper is to present new estimators for p , the probability of pathogen transmission for an individual vector, motivated from an empirical Bayesian approach. We specifically investigate four such estimators, characterize their small‐sample properties, and propose new credible intervals for p . These estimators remove the need to specify hyperparameters a priori and are shown to be easier to compute than the classical Bayes estimators proposed by Chaubey and Li (1995, Journal of Official Statistics 11, 1035–1046) and Chick (1996, Biometrics 52, 1055–1062). Furthermore, some of these estimators are shown to have better frequentist properties than the commonly used maximum likelihood estimator and to provide a smaller Bayes risk than the estimator proposed by Burrows (1987, Phytopathology 77, 363–365). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement Error and Confidence Intervals for ROC Curves
Authors: Tosteson Tor D. , Buonaccorsi John P. , Demidenko Eugene , Wells Wendy A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMeasurement error in a continuous test variable may bias estimates of the summary properties of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Typically, unbiased measurement error will reduce the diagnostic potential of a continuous test variable. This paper explores the effects of possibly heterogenous measurement error on estimated ROC curves for binormal test variables. Corrected estimators for specific points on the curve are derived under the assumption of known or estimated measurement variances for individual test results. These estimators and associated confidence intervals do not depend on normal assumptions for the distribution of the measurement error and are shown to be approximately unbiased for moderate size samples in a simulation study. An application from a study of emerging imaging modalities in breast cancer is used to demonstrate the new techniques. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental and Computational Studies of Intracomplex Reactions in Mg+(Primary, Secondary Alkylamine) Complexes Induced by Photoexcitation of Mg+
Authors: Liu Haichuan , Hu Yihua , Yang Shihe , Guo Wenyue , Lu Xiaoqing , Zhao Lianming 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report herein a comprehensive study of photoinduced reactions in complexes of Mg+ with primary (n‐propyl‐ and isopropylamine) and secondary amines (dipropyl‐ and diisopropylamine) in the spectral range of 230–440 nm. Similar to the methyl‐ and ethylamine complexes studied previously, NH bond activation of these complexes is very unfavorable. Instead, the CαC, CN, and CαH bond‐cleavage photoproducts are observed after photoexcitation of the Mg+ complexes (32P←32S). For Mg+(primary amine) complexes, for example, Mg+NH2CH2CH2CH3, and Mg+NH2CH(CH3)2, the photoproducts resulting from CαC rupture prevail after Pz and charge‐transfer excitations, whereas the Mg+ photofragment is predominant upon Px,y excitation. However, with further N‐alkyl substitution, as in Mg+(secondary amine) complexes, for example, Mg+NH(CH2CH2CH3)2 and Mg+NH[CH(CH3)2]2, a novel intracomplex CC coupling photoreaction dominates on Px,y excitation of Mg+, which is believed to arise from Mg+* insertion into the CN bond. With Pz and charge‐transfer excitation, the MgR elimination photoproducts, arising from CαC bond cleavage, predominate. The energetics and possible mechanisms of the intracomplex photoreactions are analyzed in detail with the help of extensive quantum mechanics calculations.
Bifunctional Organometallic Catalysts Involving Proton Transfer or Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Grotjahn Douglas B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractInspired by the cooperativity displayed by metalloenzymes, bifunctional organometallic complexes featuring pendant basic functional groups are designed and evaluated as catalysts in reactions for which enzymes are not suited. Anti‐Markovnikov hydration of terminal alkynes is the focus, as are hydrogen bonding and proton transfer facilitated by the pendant groups.
Investigation of texture effect on visual colour difference evaluation
Authors: Xin John H. , Shen Hui‐Liang , Chuen Lam Chuen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe texture effect on visual colour difference evaluation was investigated in this study. Five colour centers were selected and textured colour pairs were generated using scanned textile woven fabrics and colour‐mapping technique. The textured and solid colour pairs were then displayed on a characterized cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor for colour difference evaluation. The colour difference values for the pairs with texture patterns are equal to 5.0 CIELAB units in lightness direction. The texture level was represented by the half‐width of histogram, which is called texture strength in this study. High correlation was found between texture strength and visual colour difference for textured colour pairs, which indicates that an increasing of 10 units of texture strength in luminance would cause a decreasing of 0.25 units visual difference for the five colour centers. The ratio of visual difference between textured and solid colour pairs also indicates a high parametric effect of texture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 341–347, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.
Generalized Hybrid‐Orbital Method for Combining Density Functional Theory with Molecular Mechanicals
Authors: Pu Jingzhi , Gao Jiali , Truhlar Donald G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe generalized hybrid orbital (GHO) method has previously been formulated for combining molecular mechanics with various levels of quantum mechanics, in particular semiempirical neglect of diatomic differential overlap theory, ab initio Hartree–Fock theory, and self‐consistent charge density functional tight‐binding theory. To include electron‐correlation effects accurately and efficiently in GHO calculations, we extend the GHO method to density functional theory in the generalized‐gradient approximation and hybrid density functional theory (denoted by GHO‐DFT and GHO‐HDFT, respectively) using Gaussian‐type orbitals as basis functions. In the proposed GHO‐(H)DFT formalism, charge densities in auxiliary hybrid orbitals are included to calculate the total electron density. The orthonormality constraints involving the auxiliary Kohn–Sham orbitals are satisfied by carrying out the hybridization in terms of a set of Löwdin symmetrically orthogonalized atomic basis functions. Analytical gradients are formulated for GHO‐(H)DFT by incorporating additional forces associated with GHO basis transformations. Scaling parameters are introduced for some of the one‐electron integrals and are optimized to obtain the correct charges and geometry near the QM/MM boundary region. The GHO‐(H)DFT method based on the generalized gradient approach (GGA) (BLYP and mPWPW91) and HDFT methods (B3 LYP, mPW1PW91, and MPW1 K) is tested—for geometries and atomic charges—against a set of small molecules. The following quantities are tested: 1) the CC stretch potential in ethane, 2) the torsional barrier for internal rotation around the central CC bond in n‐butane, 3) proton affinities for a set of alcohols, amines, thiols, and acids, 4) the conformational energies of alanine dipeptide, and 5) the barrier height of the hydrogen‐atom transfer between n‐C4H10 and n‐C4H9, where the reaction center is described at the MPW1 K/6–31G(d) level of theory.
The Structure and Conformations of 2‐Thiophenecarboxaldehyde Obtained from Partially Averaged Dipolar Couplings
Authors: Concistrè Maria , De Luca Giuseppina , Longeri Marcello , Pileio Giuseppe , Emsley James W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe proton NMR spectra of samples of 2‐thiophenecarboxaldehyde dissolved in a nematic liquid crystalline solvent, including those from all five singly labelled 13C isotopomers, have been obtained. These have been analysed to yield sets of partially averaged dipolar couplings which have been used to determine the structure and the relative amounts of the cis and trans forms, which are the two minimum‐energy structures generated by rotation about the ring–aldehyde bond. A procedure for applying vibrational corrections to the dipolar couplings in the presence of large amplitude motions is discussed.
Coevolution of lexicon and syntax from a simulation perspective
Authors: Gong Tao , Minett James W. , Ke Jinyun , Holland John H. , Wang William S.‐Y. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWhether simple syntax (in the form of simple word order) can emerge during the emergence of lexicon is studied from a simulation perspective; a multiagent computational model is adopted to trace a lexicon‐syntax coevolution through iterative communications. Several factors that may affect this self‐organizing process are discussed. An indirect meaning transference is simulated to study the effect of nonlinguistic information in listener's comprehension. Besides the theoretical and empirical argumentations, this computational model, following theEmergentism, demonstrates an adaptation of syntax from some domain‐general abilities, which provides an argumentation against theInnatism. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 50–62, 2005
Cross‐Correlation Spectroscopy Applied to the Investigation of Barrier Discharges in N2/O2 Mixtures at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Wagner H.‐E. , Brandenburg R. , Kozlov K. V. , Morozov A. M. , Michel P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe techniques of spatially resolved cross‐correlation spectroscopy (CCS) and current pulse oscillography were used to carry out systematic investigations of the barrier discharge (BD) in the binary gas mixtures N2/O2 at atmospheric pressure. In the case of the BD filamentary mode, which is characterized by the formation of microdischarges (MDs) of short duration, the spatio‐temporal distributions of the BD radiation intensities were recorded for the spectral bands of the 0‐0 transitions of the 2nd positive (λ = 337 nm) and 1st negative system of molecular nitrogen (λ = 391 nm). The velocities of the cathode‐directed ionising waves as well as the effective lifetimes of the excited states N 2(C 3Πu )υ ′=0 and N +2 (B 2Σ+u )υ ′=0 were evaluated from the CCS data. The two‐dimensional optical scanning of the MD channel (in axial and radial directions of the MD) was carried out for the BD operated in the gas mixture consisting of 6 vol.% of O2 and 94 vol.% of N2. In the middle of gap, the MD channel diameter was found to be about 0.3 mm and to expand towards both electrodes. On the dielectrics, outward propagating discharges were observed. In pure nitrogen the diffuse mode of barrier discharge was investigated. Surprisingly, under the conditions studied, the transition to the filamentary mode already starts for O2 admixtures to nitrogen of ≥400 ppm. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Reaction Kinetics of Chemically Active Molecular Microwave Plasmas
Authors: Stancu G. D. , Pipa A. V. , Lombardi G. , Davies P. B. , Gicquel A. , Lavrov B. P. , Röpcke J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRecent studies of phenomena in molecular non‐equilibrium microwave plasmas, which have been performed within the framework of the DFG‐Sonderforschungsbereich 198, project A12, are presented in this review article. Special attention is devoted to the properties and kinetics of transient molecular species. The experimental methods used were optical emission and absorption spectroscopy. The main objectives of this contribution were threefold: (i) the determination of the degree of dissociation of hydrogen in plasmas, (ii) the quantitative detection of the methyl radical, and (iii) plasma process monitoring using quantum cascade lasers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lipase‐catalysed interesterification of palm stearin with soybean oil in a continuous fluidised‐bed reactor
Authors: Osório Natália M. , Gusmão José H. , da Fonseca M. Manuela , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was the interesterification of palm stearin with soybean oil, catalysed by a commercial immobilised lipase from Candida antarctica, in a continuous fluidised‐bed reactor. The interesterification was indirectly followed by the decrease in the solid fat content at 35 °C (SFC35 °C). The best reaction conditions were previously established batchwise via response surface methodology as a function of temperature and medium composition. The reactor operated continuously for 21 days. During the first 16 days, no significant decrease in the initial activity was observed and a reduction of 30–40% in the SFC35 °C was achieved. Subsequently, a progressive decrease in the activity was detected, and a reduction of only 5% in the SFC35 °C was obtained after 21 days of operation. The biocatalyst could be partially reactivated and was reused, under the same conditions, for a further period of 21 days. A similar inactivation profile, described by a series‐type inactivation kinetics model, was observed. The estimated values for the half‐life and the deactivation coefficient were the same for the fresh and reactivated biocatalyst (17 days and 0.0035 d−2, respectively). The free fatty acid content of the interesterified fat in the continuous reactor (0.7–1.2%) was lower than that of the fat obtained batchwise (2–6%).
Are reproductive health NGOs in Uganda able to engage in the health SWAp?
Authors: Mugisha Frank , Birungi Harriet , Askew Ian 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper explores the ability for reproductive health (RH) non‐governmental organizations (NGO) in Uganda to survive in the context of SWAp and decentralization. The authors argue that, contrary to the perceptions that this context may increase NGO's financial vulnerability, a SWAp and a decentralized system may provide an opportunity that should be embraced by NGOs to enhance their sustainability and effectiveness by reducing their current dependency on donor funding. The paper discusses the systemic weaknesses of many NGOs that currently make them vulnerable, and observes that unless these weaknesses are addressed, such NGOs will lose their space in the SWAp and decentralization arena. The authors suggest that NGOs need to recognize the opportunities that participating in public‐private partnerships through a SWAp can offer them for long‐term and significant funding. They need also to develop their capacity to pro‐actively participate in a SWAp and decentralized context by becoming more entrepreneurial in nature, through re‐orienting their organizational philosophies and strategic planning and budgeting so as to be able to partner effectively with the public sector in accessing funds made available through health sector reform. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro study of drug loading on polymer‐free oxide films of metallic implants
Authors: Shih Chun‐Ming , Shih Chun‐Che , Su Yea‐Yang , Chang Nen‐Chung , Lin Shing‐Jong 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTraditionally, a drug that is loaded onto a metallic surface has to use various polymer bondings as its platform. Unfortunately, polymer coatings on a metallic surface cause numerous problems after implantation, such as late thrombosis, inflammation, and restenosis. This research was conducted to investigate whether an oxide layer can be used as a polymer‐free platform for drug loading, especially for cardiovascular stents. The interaction and loading of heparin onto different oxide films on 316LVM stainless steel wire was confirmed in vitro by experimental studies using linear voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The eluting of heparin from heparinized surface was studied by using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and activated clotting time in addition to linear voltammetry and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis analyses. Experimental results show that amorphous oxide could be a potential substitute for the polymer coating of drug‐loaded stents for minimizing metallic corrosion, inflammation, late thrombosis, and restenosis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Integrating remote sensing data and rapid appraisals for land‐cover change analyses in Uganda
Authors: Vogt N. , Bahati J. , Unruh J. , Green G. , Banana A. , Gombya‐Ssembajjwe W. , Sweeney S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRapid population growth, unsustainable land use, and a pervasively degrading landscape are components of a dominant paradigm regarding African development. While recent work articulating the ‘misreading’ of the African landscape have begun to challenge this paradigm, much work remains regarding the pervasiveness and character of this misread. A method is presented for investigating mechanisms of land‐cover change that combines remotely sensed data, archival data, and rapid appraisals in a way less influenced by dominant paradigms. We present a case where increasing human activity is resulting in accumulation of woody biomass on edaphic grasslands of a forest–grassland mosaic, rather than the expansion of grasslands at the expense of forests as is currently understood in that area. These increases in biomass are stimulated by anthropogenic influences that are shaped by institutional and edaphic factors. We do not claim that resources are being pervasively enhanced across sub‐Saharan Africa under conditions of population growth, but that there may be many mechanisms of change, resulting in both degradation and enhancement, occurring simultaneously across sub‐Saharan Africa or even intra‐regionally within a nation under these conditions. The integration and application of these methods serve to improve applied analyses of land‐cover change to better characterize these mechanisms, and avoid the wrong policy prescriptions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light, Small Angle Neutron and X‐Ray Scattering from Gels
Authors: Geissler Erik , Hecht Anne‐Marie , Rochas Cyrille , Horkay Ferenc , Basser Peter J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper gives two examples of experiments that demonstrate the power of small angle scattering techniques in the study of swollen polymer networks. First, it is shown how the partly ergodic character of these systems is directly detected by neutron spin echo experiments. The observed total field correlation function of the intensity scattered from a neutral gel allows the ergodic contribution to be directly distinguished from the non ergodic part, at values of transfer wave vector q that lie well beyond the range of dynamic light scattering. The results can be compared with those obtained at much lower q from visible light scattering.Second, a recent application of small angle X‐ray (SAXS) and neutron (SANS) scattering is described for a polyelectrolyte molecule, DNA, in semi‐dilute solutions under near‐physiological conditions. For these observations, the divalent ion normally present, calcium, is replaced by an equivalent ion, strontium. The comparison between SANS and SAXS yields a quantitative picture of the cloud of divalent counter‐ions around the central DNA core. At physiological conditions, the cloud is thinner than that predicted on the basis of the Debye screening length but thicker than if the counter‐ions were condensed on the DNA chain.