bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino acid sequence and D/L‐configuration determination methods for D‐amino acid‐containing peptides in living organisms
Authors: Iida Takayuki , Santa Tomofumi , Toriba Akira , Imai Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractD‐amino acid‐containing peptides with biological activities have been isolated from invertebrates and amphibians, and partial racemization of amino acid residues in mammalian peptides associated with aging and diseases have been discussed. Here, we review the amino acid configuration determination methods in these peptides and recent progress of simultaneous determination method for sequence and configuration of amino acid residues. The applicability of C‐terminus sequence analysis and mass spectrometry to configuration determination of amino acids is also discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

ATZ

aniliaothiazolinone

7beta;‐CD

β‐cylodextrin

FLEC

(+)‐1‐(9‐fluorenyl) ethyl chloroformate

NAC

N‐acetyl‐L‐cystein

OPA

O‐phthaldialdehyde

PITC

phenylisohydantoin

PTH

phenylthiohydantoin

TC

thiocarbamoyl

TH

thiohydantoin

TZ

thiazdinone.
Separation and quantification of paraquat and diquat in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Vinner E. , Stievenart M. , Humbert L. , Mathieu D. , Lhermitte M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) in both serum and urine was investigated. The two herbicides were extracted from biological fluids with liquefied phenol. Serum required a deproteinization with chloroform and ammonium sulfate as pretreatment. The extracts were hydrodynamically injected and the complete separation was carried out in 10 min, using a capillary tube (75 µm i.d., 500 mm) of fused silica containing 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.50) as the carrier. UV absorbance detection at 200 nm was performed by an on‐column detector. The analytes were characterized by their respective migration times. Analytical recoveries were 52.6% for PQ and 62.6% for DQ in serum, and 71.4% and 59.3%, respectively, in urine. The linearity was studied up to 4 mg/L and the limits of detection (LODs) were better than 5 pg/mL in serum or urine. The CE method described was applied to the characterization of two lethal poisonings and results were related. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

DQ

diquat

LOD

limit of detection

LOQ

limit of quantification

PQ

paraquat.
Separation of strength and selectivity of mobile phase by spectral mapping technique
Authors: Forgács Esther , Cserháti Tibor , Balogh Sándor , Kaliszan Roman , Haber Peter , Nasal Anton 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe retention behaviour of seven monotetrazolium and nine ditetrazolium salts was studied in seven different mobile phases on alumina and impregnated alumina stationary phases. The strength and selectivity of the components of mobile phases were separately calculated by the spectral mapping technique. It was established that tetrahydrofuran (THF) has the highest solvent strength while the differences among ethanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐propanol and dioxane were relatively low. The selectivity of THF was also considerably different from those of other solvents. Hydrophobicity and electronic parameters were equally involved in the retention strength and selectivity of tetrazolium salts, indicating the mixed character of their interaction with the alumina stationary phase. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

SPM

spectral mapping technique

THF

tetrahydrofuran
Sensitive determination of bisphenol A and alkylphenols by high performance liquid chromatography with pre‐column derivatization with 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole
Authors: Katayama Masatoki , Sasaki Tadahiro , Matsuda Yoshifumi , Kaneko Satoru , Iwamoto Teruaki , Tanaka Masami 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new and sensitive high‐performance chromatographic method for the determination of bisphenol A and 8 alkylphenols with fluorescence detection is reported. Each phenol was derivatized by reaction with 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole at 40°C for 60 min. The fluorescence derivatives were separated on a Wakosil 5C18 column (4.0 i.d. × 300 mm, 5 µm) with methanol:water (10:90) as mobile phase (detection wavelength: λex 336 nm, λem 440 nm). The detection limits were in the range of 0.1–10.0 pg/mL in serum. The calibration graphs were linear to 1.0 µg/mL. The relative standard deviations were 7.2–8.9%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of bisphenol A in mother and infant rat serum. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

CDB

2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole

ED

endocrine discriptor

IDC

1‐isopropyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide perchlorate.
Immunoaffinity isolation of CEACAM1 on hydrazide‐derivatized cellulose with immobilized monoclonal anti‐CEA antibody
Authors: Muchová L. , Jirsa M. , Kuroki M. , Dudková L. , Beneš M. J. , Mareček Z. , Šmíd F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCarcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a human membrane glycoprotein belonging to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family and to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed in apical membranes of many epithelial cells in gastrointestinal and urogenital tract and also in granulocytes and lymphocytes, and its biological effect in human tissues has recently been discussed in literature. The purpose of this study was to isolate CEACAM1 glycoprotein from bile and characterize its purity and recovery which has not been described before. Affinity chromatography of CEACAM1 on hydrazide‐activated cellulose with immobilized monoclonal anti‐CEA F34‐187 antibody is described. The immunoglobulin carbohydrate moiety was oxidized by periodate and then bound to hydrazide‐activated matrix. Crude protein fraction from bile was applied on the affinity column and after extensive washing of non‐bound proteins CEACAM1 was eluted with 6 M guanidine–HCl. A single immunopositive 85 kDa band was detected on Western blots with anti‐CEA antibody after SDS–PAGE. We found out that CEACAM1 was not stainable with any common method of protein staining and the only non‐specific method which could detect the 85 kDa band was a lectin staining. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

BGP1

biliary glycoprotein 1

CEA

carcinoembryonic antigen

CEACAM1

carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 1

PBS

phosphate buffered saline
Determination of amphetamine and its metabolite p‐hydroxyamphetamine in rat urine by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography after dabsyl derivatization
Authors: Soares Maria Elisa , Carvalho Félix , de Lourdes Bastos Maria 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe consumption of amphetamine is illicit and controlled due to both the elicited behavioural deviations and the toxicity effects reported in abusers. Thus, amphetamine levels in biological samples must be monitored in several clinical and forensic circumstances. In spite of the interspecies differences in the preferred route of biotransformation, benzylmethylketone, benzoic acid and 4‐hydroxyamphetamine are the principal metabolites of amphetamine. However, the clinical and forensic studies are focused in the parent compound and in 4‐hydroxyamphetamine since benzylmethylketone is a minor metabolite in human and benzoic acid is also an endogenous compound. In the present study amphetamine and its metabolite, 4‐hydroxyamphetamine, are quantified in urine by HPLC after derivatization with 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene‐4′‐sulfonyl chloride (dabsyl chloride). This derivatization procedure transforms amphetamine and its hydroxylated metabolite in compounds with similar lipofilicity, enabling their quantitative and simultaneous extraction with an organic solvent. The precision of the HPLC technique was 7.3 and 10.0% for amphetamine and 4‐hydroxyamphetamine derivatives, respectively. For the overall procedure, including enzymatic hydrolysis, derivatization and extraction of the derivatives, the obtained values were 9.3 and 6.2%. Recoveries obtained from spiked urines for amphetamine and 4‐hydroxyamphetamine were better than 97% and 94% (mean value), respectively. The detection limits of the method was 10 ng for both compounds. The principal advantages of the present proposed method are the stability of the dabsyl derivatives at room temperature and the detection carried out in the visible region, reducing the interferences detected. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of “juvenile psychopathy” and its association with violence: a critical review*
Authors: Edens John F. , Skeem Jennifer L. , Cruise Keith R. , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInterest in the construct of psychopathy as it applies to children and adolescents has become an area of considerable research interest in the past 5–10 years, in part due to the clinical utility of psychopathy as a predictor of violence among adult offenders. Despite interest in “juvenile psychopathy” in general and its relationship to violence in particular, relatively few studies specifically have examined whether operationalizations of this construct among children and adolescents predict various forms of aggression. This article critically reviews this literature, as well as controversies regarding the assessment of adult psychopathic “traits” among juveniles. Existing evidence indicates a moderate association between measures of psychopathy and various forms of aggression, suggesting that this construct may be relevant for purposes of short‐term risk appraisal and management among juveniles. However, due to the enormous developmental changes that occur during adolescence and the absence of longitudinal research on the stability of this construct (and its association with violence), we conclude that reliance on psychopathy measures to make decisions regarding long‐term placements for juveniles is contraindicated at this time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residential mental health assessment within Dutch criminal cases: a discussion
Authors: van der Leij Jan Bas J. , Jackson Janet L. , Malsch Marijke , Nijboer Johannes F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn Dutch criminal cases in which doubts arise about the defendant's mental health, a forensic assessment will be requested. This is provided either by the multidisciplinary staff of residential clinics who conduct forensic evaluations for the court, or by mental health professionals contracted on a part‐time basis by district courts. This article discusses the procedures applied in such cases as well as the relevant legal provisions. It focuses particularly on the clinical observation, evaluation, and reporting that is carried out over a number of weeks in the residential setting of the Pieter Baan Centrum. Specific attention is paid to procedures applied in this clinic. It is suggested that Dutch procedures for the use of mental health expertise can best be characterized by three aspects: multidisciplinary observation and reporting, the use of a sliding scale for indicating degree of responsibility, and, finally, the involvement and payment of experts by the state as such, rather than by the prosecution and/or the defense. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shifted factor analysis—Part I: Models and properties
Authors: Harshman Richard A. , Hong Sungjin , Lundy Margaret E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe factor model is modified to deal with the problem of factor shifts. This problem arises with sequential data (e.g. time series, spectra, digitized images) if the profiles of the latent factors shift position up or down the sequence of measurements: such shifts disturb multilinearity and so standard factor/component models no longer apply. To deal with this, we modify the model(s) to include explicit mathematical representation of any factor shifts present in a data set; in this way the model can both adjust for the shifts and describe/recover their patterns. Shifted factor versions of both two‐ and three (or higher)‐way factor models are developed. The results of applying them to synthetic data support the theoretical argument that these models have stronger uniqueness properties; they can provide unique solutions in both two‐way and three‐way cases where equivalent non‐shifted versions are under‐identified. For uniqueness to hold, however, the factors must shift independently; two or more factors that show the same pattern of shifts will not be uniquely resolved if not already uniquely determined. Another important restriction is that the models, in their current form, do not work well when the shifts are accompanied by substantial changes in factor profile shape. Three‐way factor models such as Parafac, and shifted factor models such as described here, may be just two of many ways that factor analysis can incorporate additional information to make the parameters identifiable. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate calibration of analytical signals by WILMA (wavelet interface to linear modelling analysis)
Authors: Cocchi Marina , Seeber Renato , Ulrici Alessandro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel algorithm based on coupling of the fast wavelet transform (FWT) with MLR and PLS regression techniques for the selection of optimal regression models between matrices of signals and response variables is presented: wavelet interface to linear modelling analysis (WILMA). The algorithm decomposes each signal into the FWT domain and then, by means of proper criteria, selects the wavelet coefficients that give the best regression models, as evaluated by the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation criterion. The predictive ability of the regression model is then checked by means of external test sets. Moreover, the signals are reconstructed back in the original domain using only the selected wavelet coefficients, to allow for chemical interpretation of the results. The algorithm was tested on different literature data sets: two near‐infrared data sets from Kalivas, on which the performances of many calibration algorithms have already been tested, and a data set consisting of lead and thallium mixtures measured by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and giving seriously overlapped responses. Good results were obtained for all the studied data sets; in particular, for the data sets from Kalivas the WILMA models showed improved predictive capability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoreaction of [Ru(hat)2phen]2+ with Guanosine‐5′‐Monophosphate and DNA: Formation of New Types of Photoadducts
Authors: Blasius Romain , Nierengarten Hélène , Luhmer Michel , Constant Jean‐François , Defrancq Eric , Dumy Pascal , van Dorsselaer Alain , Moucheron Cécile , Kirsch‐DeMesmaeker Andrée 
Published: January 2005

Abstract[Ru(hat)2phen]2+ (HAT=1,4,5,8,9,12‐hexaazatriphenylene, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) interacts with a good affinity with polynucleotides and DNA by intercalation, despite the presence of a second voluminous ancillary HAT ligand. It photoreacts with guanosine‐5′‐monophosphate (GMP). From HPLC, ESMS and NMR analyses, it can be concluded that this complex forms photoadducts with GMP. In contrast to the photoadducts isolated with Ru–TAP complexes (TAP=1,4,5,8‐tetraazaphenanthrene), the photoadducts with [Ru(hat)2phen]2+ contain a covalent link between the oxygen atom of the guanine unit and a HAT ligand. Formation of oxidised photoadducts and compounds resulting from the addition of two GMP entities to the complex are also detected as side products. In the presence of oligo‐ and polynucleotides, [Ru(hat)2phen]2+ yields photoadducts when guanine bases are present.
Aldol Additions of Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate to N‐Cbz‐Amino Aldehydes Catalyzed by L‐Fuculose‐1‐Phosphate Aldolase in Emulsion Systems: Inversion of Stereoselectivity as a Function of the Acceptor Aldehyde
Authors: Espelt Laia , Bujons Jordi , Parella Teodor , Calveras Jordi , Joglar Jesús , Delgado Antonio , Clapés Pere 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe potential of L‐fuculose‐1‐phosphate aldolase (FucA) as a catalyst for the asymmetric aldol addition of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to N‐protected amino aldehydes has been investigated. First, the reaction was studied in both emulsion systems and conventional dimethylformamide (DMF)/H2O (1:4 v/v) mixtures. At 100 mM DHAP, compared with the reactions in the DMF/H2O (1:4) mixture, the use of emulsion systems led to two‐ to three‐fold improvements in the conversions of the FucA‐catalyzed reactions. The N‐protected aminopolyols thus obtained were converted to iminocyclitols by reductive amination with Pd/C. This reaction was highly diastereoselective with the exception of the reaction of the aldol adduct formed from (S)‐N‐Cbz‐alaninal, which gave a 55:45 mixture of both epimers. From the stereochemical analysis of the resulting iminocyclitols, it was concluded that the stereoselectivity of the FucA‐catalyzed reaction depended upon the structure of the N‐Cbz‐amino aldehyde acceptor. Whereas the enzymatic aldol reaction with both enantiomers of N‐Cbz‐alaninal exclusively gave the expected 3R,4R configuration, the stereochemistry at the C‐4 position of the major aldol adducts produced in the reactions with N‐Cbz‐glycinal and N‐Cbz‐3‐aminopropanal was inverted to the 3R,4S configuration. The study of the FucA‐catalyzed addition of DHAP to phenylacetaldehyde and benzyloxyacetaldehyde revealed that the 4R product was kinetically favored, but rapidly disappeared in favor of the 4S diastereoisomer. Computational models were generated for the situations before and after CC bond formation in the active site of FucA. Moreover, the lowest‐energy conformations of each pair of the resulting epimeric adducts were determined. The data show that the products with a 3R,4S configuration were thermodynamically more stable and, therefore, the major products formed, in agreement with the experimental results.
α‐Helical Polypeptide Microcapsules Formed by Emulsion‐Templated Self‐Assembly
Authors: Morikawa Masa‐aki , Yoshihara Masakuni , Endo Takeshi , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: January 2005

Abstractα‐Helical peptide microcapsules were prepared by the emulsion‐templated self‐assembly of amphiphilic poly(γ‐benzyl L‐glutamate)s (PBLG) 1. By mixing solutions of 1 in dichloromethane (in the form of a sodium salt) with water, oil‐in‐water emulsions were obtained. Spontaneous stripping of the dichloromethane phase caused a decrease in the diameter of the microdroplets and finally stable microcapsules formed. The microcapsules contain an inner aqueous phase as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Binding of hydrophobic pyrene molecules to the polypeptide shell was also demonstrated. The present polypeptide microcapsules are stable even after drying in air and they would serve as supramolecular vehicles for both hydrophobic and water‐soluble molecules.
Contrasting Behavior in Azide Pyrolyses: An Investigation of the Thermal Decompositions of Methyl Azidoformate, Ethyl Azidoformate and 2‐Azido‐N, N‐dimethylacetamide by Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Dyke John M. , Levita Giacomo , Morris Alan , Ogden J. Steven , Dias Antonio A. , Algarra Manolo , Santos Jose P. , Costa Maria L. , Rodrigues Paula , Andrade Marta M. , Barros M. Teresa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe thermal decompositions of methyl azidoformate (N3COOMe), ethyl azidoformate (N3COOEt) and 2‐azido‐N,N‐dimethylacetamide (N3CH2CONMe2) have been studied by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and real‐time ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. N2 appears as an initial pyrolysis product in all systems, and the principal interest lies in the fate of the accompanying organic fragment. For methyl azidoformate, four accompanying products were observed: HNCO, H2CO, CH2NH and CO2, and these are believed to arise as a result of two competing decomposition routes of a four‐membered cyclic intermediate. Ethyl azidoformate pyrolysis yields four corresponding products: HNCO, MeCHO, MeCHNH and CO2, together with the five‐membered‐ring compound 2‐oxazolidone. In contrast, the initial pyrolysis of 2‐azido‐N,N‐dimethyl acetamide, yields the novel imine intermediate Me2NCOCHNH, which subsequently decomposes into dimethyl formamide (HCONMe2), CO, Me2NH and HCN. This intermediate was detected by matrix isolation IR spectroscopy, and its identity confirmed both by a molecular orbital calculation of its IR spectrum, and by the temperature dependence and distribution of products in the PES and IR studies. Mechanisms are proposed for the formation and decomposition of all the products observed in these three systems, based on the experimental evidence and the results of supporting molecular orbital calculations.
High Surface Area, Mesoporous, Glassy Alumina with a Controllable Pore Size by Nanocasting from Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Li Wen‐Cui , Lu An‐Hui , Schmidt Wolfgang , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA strategy to synthesize amorphous, mesoporous alumina by nanocasting has been developed, involving carbon aerogel as a hard template and aluminum nitrate solution as an alumina precursor. The alumina generated exhibits small, transparent granules with a 3–6 mm diameter and has inherited the three‐dimensional network structure of the carbon template. The mesopore surface area of the alumina can be as high as 365 m2 g−1, and the pore volume reaches 1.55 cm3 g−1 after calcination at 600 °C in air for 8 h. The pore parameters can be varied within a certain range by variation of the carbon aerogel template and the loading amount of the alumina precursor. At high loadings, the obtained glassy alumina clearly has a bimodal pore size distribution in the mesopore range.
Structure Determination of Homoleptic AuI, AgI, and CuI Aryl/Alkylethynyl Coordination Polymers by X‐ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Chui Stephen S. Y. , Ng Miro F. Y. , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article describes the structure determination of five homoleptic d10 metal–aryl/alkylacetylides [RCCM] (M=Cu, R=tBu 1, nPr 2, Ph 3; R=Ph, M=Ag 4; Au 5) by using X‐ray single‐crystal and powder diffraction. Complex 1⋅C6H6 reveals an unusual Cu20 catenane cluster structure that has various types of tBuCC→Cu coordination modes. By using this single‐crystal structure as a starting model for subsequent Rietveld refinement of X‐ray powder diffraction data, the structure of the powder synthesized from CuI and tBuCCH was found to have the same structure as 1. Complex 2 has an extended sheet structure consisting of discrete zig‐zag Cu4 subunits connected through bridging nPrCC groups. Complex 3 forms an infinite chain structure with extended CuCu ladders (CuCu=2.49(4)–2.83(2) Å). The silver(I) congener 4 is iso‐structural to 3 (average AgAg distance 3.11 Å), whereas the gold(I) analogue 5 forms a Au⋅⋅⋅Au honeycomb network with PhCC pillars (AuAu=2.98(1)–3.26(1) Å). Solid‐state properties including photoluminescence, ν(CC) stretching frequencies and thermal stability of these polymeric systems are discussed in the context of the determined structures.