bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive 50-week evaluation of glipizide administration in 50 cats with previously untreated diabetes mellitus
Authors: Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Feldman Marsha S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate use of the oral hypoglycemic drug glipizide in diabetic cats.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
50 cats with recently diagnosed but untreated diabetes mellitus.

Procedure
Each cat received glipizide (5 mg, q 12 h) for 16 weeks. Medication was not given during the subsequent 16 weeks; then glipizide treatment was repeated. Each cat was evaluated prior to treatment and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks during each of the 3 phases: blood samples for serum glucose and insulin determinations were obtained every 2 hours, from 8 AM to 6 PM. A preprandial blood glycosylated hemoglobin percentage was determined for the first sample obtained at each visit.

Results
During the first 22 weeks of the study, diabetes worsened in 28 of the 50 cats, which then were disqualified from the study and treated with insulin. Of the remaining 22 cats that improved clinically, 7 had corresponding metabolic improvement in each diabetes-related parameter assessed and did not become hypoglycemic. Six of the 22 cats became hypoglycemic. Glipizide was discontinued, and diabetes did not recur. Serum glucose concentration did not improve in 6. Three cats had metabolic and clinical improvement during initial glipizide treatment, but had recurrence of the disease during repeated treatment; glipizide was discontinued and insulin was administered. None of the 50 treated cats died, and observed morbidity was mild and transient. Transient anorexia and vomiting were observed in 8 cats, and 4 became transiently icteric with abnormal liver enzyme activities.

Clinical Implications
Trial use of glipizide is feasible in diabetic cats of owners who are unable or unwilling to administer insulin. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:772–777
Comparison of results of hormonal analysis of samples obtained from selected venous sites versus cervical ultrasonography for localizing parathyroid masses in dogs
Authors: Feldman Edward C. , Wisner Erik R. , Nelson Richard W. , Feldman Marsha S. , Kennedy Peter C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To compare a technique in which samples obtained from selected venous sites are analyzed for parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration versus usefulness of cervical ultrasonography for localizing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) in dogs.

Design—
Prospective study.

Animals—
12 dogs with PHP.

Procedure—
For each dog, blood samples were collected from the left and right jugular veins and 1 cephalic vein for determination of serum PTH concentration. Ultrasonography of the neck was performed in each dog. Each dog underwent exploratory surgery of the neck. Abnormal appearing parathyroid tissue was removed. Dogs were included in the study if serum calcium concentration decreased within 12 hours after surgery, hypercalcemia completely resolved within 96 hours after surgery, and serum calcium concentration was maintained within the reference range for at least 6 months after surgery.

Results—
Serum PTH concentrations from the 3 veins were similar in 11 of 12 dogs with PHP. In 1 dog, the serum PTH concentration from the jugular vein ipsilateral to a parathyroid adenoma was greater than that from the contralateral jugular or cephalic vein. Ultrasonography correctly identified a parathyroid mass and its location in 10 of 11 dogs with a solitary abnormal parathyroid gland and in 1 dog in which both parathyroid glands were enlarged.

Clinical Implications—
Surgeons may benefit from knowing the location of abnormal parathyroid tissue in dogs with PHP before surgical exploration. Ultrasonography has potential value for identifying and localizing abnormal parathyroid tissue, whereas sample collection from selected sites for PTH analysis is not likely to be helpful. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:54–56)
Risk factors associated with development of pelvic canal stenosis secondary to sacroiliac separation: 84 cases (1985–1995)
Authors: Averill Scott M. , Johnson Ann L. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To measure pelvic canal diameter in dogs from a ventrodorsal radiographic view of the pelvic region, to define a normal pelvic canal diameter, to evaluate risk factors associated with stenosis of the pelvic canal secondary to sacroiliac separation, and to determine clinical signs associated with pelvic canal stenosis.

Design—
Retrospective case series.

Animals—
84 case-group and 46 control-group dogs.

Procedure—
Medical records and radiographs of dogs with conditions unrelated to pelvic fracture (control group) and dogs with sacroiliac separation (case group) in which radiographs were obtained before surgery, I after surgery, or after fracture healing were reviewed. Discriminant analysis was used to determine a normal pelvic canal diameter. An ANOVA and Dunnett's two-sided test were used to determine factors associated with pelvic canal stenosis.

Results—
Pelvic canal diameter ratio determined from control-group dogs was ≥ 1.1. Pelvic canal diameter ratios were significantly less for case-group dogs on radiographs obtained before surgery and after fracture healing than for control-group dogs, regardless of fracture type or treatment, except for dogs with ilial fractures treated conservatively. Pelvic canal diameter ratios did not differ for case-group dogs on radiographs obtained after surgery from those for control-group dogs, except when ilial fractures were surgically reduced. None of the dogs had clinical signs associated with pelvic canal stenosis.

Clinical Implications—
Pelvic canal diameter in dogs can be determined from a ventrodorsal radiographic view of the pelvic region. Dogs with pelvic fractures that have a normal pelvic canal diameter before surgery tend to have a normal pelvic canal diameter after fracture healing. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:75–78)
Use of serologic testing to assess immune status of companion animals
Authors: Tizard Ian , Ni Yawei 
Published: December 2023

Summary
At the November 1997 meeting of the AVMA Council on Biologic and Therapeutic Agents, the Council recommended that the JAVMA publish an article on the current status of the use of serologic testing in an effort to assist practitioners who must make decisions regarding vaccination of companion animals (ie, dogs, cats, and horses). It is anticipated that the peer-reviewed article provided here will be of benefit to veterinarians and will facilitate their attempts to maintain animal health through the knowledgeable use of vaccines.
Correlations between ultrasonographic findings and specific hepatic diseases in cats: 72 cases (1985-1997)
Authors: Newell Susan M. , Selcer Barbara A. , Girard Elisabeth , Roberts Gregory D. , Thompson James P. , Harrison Jay M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify correlations between ultrasonographic findings and specific hepatic diseases in cats.

Design
Retrospective study.

Sample Population
Medical records of 72 cats with a histopathologic diagnosis of hepatic disease and diagnostic-quality abdominal ultrasonograms between 1985 and 1997.

Procedure
Abdominal ultrasonographic findings in 72 cats with histologically confirmed hepatic disease (hepatic lipidosis excluded) were reviewed. Rather than attempt to combine individual ultrasonographic findings with specific hepatic diseases, 2 classification trees were created as models to correlate certain groups of abnormalities with specific hepatic diseases or with malignant and benign lesions of the liver. Sensitivity and specificity of classification trees were calculated.

Results
Use of a classification tree resulted in correct classification of malignant versus benign hepatic lesions in 88.9% of cats that had hepatic disease (sensitivity, 90.7%; specificity, 86.1 %). Use of a classification tree to distinguish individual types of hepatic diseases resulted in mostly accurate classification of hepatic lymphosarcoma (sensitivity, 70.5%; specificity, 98.2%), cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome (sensitivity, 87%; specificity, 90%), and benign lesions of the liver (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 86.4%). Criteria that helped most in differentiating among various hepatic diseases were abnormalities within other organs (spleen, lymph nodes) and appearance of the hepatic portal system. A correlation was not found between focal or multifocal appearance of hepatic lesions and specific hepatic diseases.

Clinical Implications
Use of classification trees to distinguish among specific hepatic diseases or between malignant and benign hepatic lesions provides potentially useful algorithms for ultrasonographic evaluation of cats with hepatic disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:94-98)
Perioperative management and mortality rates of dogs undergoing cesarean section in the United States and Canada
Authors: Moon Paula F. , Erb Hollis N. , Ludders John W. , Gleed Robin D. , Pascoe Peter J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe dogs undergoing cesarean section in the United States and Canada, to determine perioperative management, and to calculate survival proportions.

Design
Multicenter prospective case series.

Animals
3,908 puppies from 808 dams.

Results
Survival rates immediately, 2 hours, and 7 days after delivery were 92, 87, and 80%, respectively, for puppies delivered by cesarean section (n = 3,410) and 86, 83, and 75%, respectively, for puppies born naturally (498). For 614 of 807 (76%) litters, all puppies delivered by cesarean section were born alive. Maternal mortality rate was 1 % (n = 9). Of 776 surgeries, 453 (58%) were done on an emergency basis. The most common breeds of dogs that underwent emergency surgery were Bulldog, Labrador Retriever, Boxer, Corgis, and Chihuahua. The most common breeds of dogs that underwent elective surgery were Bulldog, Labrador Retriever, Mastiff, Golden Retriever, and Yorkshire Terrier. The most common methods of inducing and maintaining anesthesia were administration of isoflurane for induction and maintenance (n = 266; 34%) and administration of propofol for induction followed by administration of isoflurane for maintenance (237; 30%).

Clinical Implications
Mortality rates of dams and puppies undergoing cesarean section in the United States and Canada are low. Knowledge of mortality rates should be useful to veterinarians when advising clients on the likelihood of puppy and dam survival associated with cesarean section. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:365-369)
Characteristics of dairy cows during episodes of bacteriologically negative clinical mastitis or mastitis caused by Corynebacterium spp
Authors: Morin Dawn E. , Constable Peter D. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives—
To use clinical and lactational characteristics to determine whether bacteriologically negative (BN) clinical mastitis episodes are more apt to be caused by gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria, and to investigate severity of clinical mastitis caused by Corynebacterium spp (COR).

Design—
Case series.

Sample Population—
300 clinical mastitis episodes affecting 123 dairy cows vaccinated against lipopolysaccharide core antigens.

Procedure—
Cows were examined at onset of clinical mastitis, and 23 characteristics, including rectal temperature, heart rate, rumen contraction rate, degree of dehydration, udder and milk characteristics, lactation number, stage of lactation, and season of year, were recorded. Milk production and milk constituent concentrations before onset of mastitis were obtained from herd records. Values for cows with BN milk were compared with values for cows from which milk yielded gram-negative bacteria (GNB) or grampositive cocci (GPC); logistic regression was used to predict which pathogen type was causing BN mastitis. Characteristics for cows from which milk yielded COR were compared with those of cows from which milk was BN or yielded GPC.

Results—
BN clinical mastitis episodes differed significantly from episodes caused by GPC, and were similar to, but milder than, episodes caused by GNB. COR were isolated in a substantial proportion of mastitis episodes, but clinical signs were milder than when GPC were isolated.

Clinical implications—
Most BN mastitis episodes in cows receiving lipopolysaccharide core antigen vaccines appear to be caused by low-grade infection with GNB, and treatment and management decisions should be made accordingly. The COR may be economically important clinical mastitis pathogens in some herds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:855-861)
Prognostic importance of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum from dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 75 cases (1990-1996)
Authors: Ehrhart Nicole , Dernell William S. , Hoffmann Walter E. , Weigel Ronald M. , Powers Barbara E. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine whether alkaline phosphatase activity in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma can be used as a prognostic indicator.

Design—
Retrospective study.

Animals—
75 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.

Procedure—
Serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activities were determined from archival serum samples obtained at various times during treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma and follow-up evaluations. Associations among activities of TALP and BALP and survival and disease-free intervals, percentage of bone length involved with tumor, histologic subtype, and method of surgical treatment were evaluated.

Results—
High activities of TALP and BALP before surgery were significantly associated with shorter survival and disease-free intervals in dogs undergoing surgery (amputation or limb-sparing procedure) and adjuvant chemotherapy. Activity of BALP significantly decreased in 29 dogs for which postoperative samples were available. Failure of BALP activity to decrease after surgery was correlated with shorter survival and disease-free intervals.

Clinical Implications—
Activities of TALP and BALP in serum are important prognostic factors for appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs. Prognostic factors may help clinicians initiate more aggressive treatment for dogs that are at higher risk of death or relapse. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:213:1002-1006)
Incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones in foals: 22 cases (1988-1996)
Authors: Dutton David M. , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Walker Michael A. , Honnas Clifford M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine outcome for foals with incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones and to determine whether clinical and radiographic abnormalities at the time of initial examination were associated with outcome.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
22 foals.

Procedure
Information on signalment, history, owner’s initial complaint, clinical findings, whether tarsus valgus was evident, and radiographic abnormalities was obtained from medical records. Radiographic lesions were classified as type I (ie, incomplete ossification with < 30% collapse of the affected bones) or type II (incomplete ossification with > 30% collapse and pinching or fragmentation of the affected bones). Follow-up information was obtained via telephone conversations with owners.

Results
Foals were between 1 day and 10 months old when first examined. Eleven were premature (ie, < 320 days of gestation) or were twins. Sixteen had tarsus valgus. Severity of radiographic lesions was associated with outcome; 4 of 6 foals with type-I incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones performed as intended, but only 3 of 16 foals with type-II incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones performed as intended.

Clinical Implications
For foals with incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones, severity of the radiographic lesions was associated with outcome. Foals with type-II incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones have a guarded prognosis for athletic soundness. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1590–1594)
Effects of environmental management on seasonal decrease in milk production in dairy cattle
Authors: Thompson James A. , Brimacombe Michael , Calvin James A. , Tomaszewski Michael A. , Davidson T. Jeffrey , Magee Derry D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe effects of season on milk production in Holstein dairy cows and to determine the location and effectiveness of fans and sprinklers in the management of stress attributable to season.

Design
Longitudinal observational study.

Animals
141 dairy herds for which owners used the Dairy Herd Improvement Association's database for production and reproduction record keeping.

Procedure
Owners were interviewed to identify location of fans, shade structures, and sprinklers. Production and reproduction data were retrieved from the database, and a mixed model ANOVA was used to estimate effects of season, parity, and use of sprinklers, and fans on milk production.

Results
Daily peak milk production decreased for all parity groups in the summer, but the effect decreased with increasing days in lactation. Use of sprinklers increased peak milk production in parity-1 and -3 or higher cows, but use of fans did not significantly alter effects of season. After calving in the summer, 305-day milk production decreased in parity-2 and -3 cows. This decrease was not significantly modified by the presence of sprinklers or fans.

Clinical Implications
Use of sprinklers may increase peak milk production in high-producing cows and could be recommended for reducing heat and total stress during this time. Production-oriented veterinarians should be cautious when recommending use of sprinklers and fans to increase production because of the wide confidence intervals describing their effectiveness. Management of parity-2 or higher cows so that they calve from October to June could increase 305-day milk production. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:85–88)
Peritoneal effusion in cats: 65 cases(1981–1997)
Authors: Wright Kathy N. , Gompf Rebecca E. , DeNovo Robert C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine signalment, diagnoses, presence of effusions in multiple sites, and outcome in cats with peritoneal effusion.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
65 cats.

Procedure
Medical records from 1981 to 1997 were reviewed to obtain information on cats with peritoneal effusion identified on physical examination, radiographs, abdominal ultrasonograms, or at necropsy.

Results
Conditions most commonly associated with peritoneal effusion in cats, in order of frequency, were cardiovascular disease, neoplasia, hepatic disease, renal disease, feline infectious peritonitis, peritonitis attributable to other causes, and urinary tract trauma. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was the most common disease associated with peritoneal effusion; however, DCM was diagnosed in most of these cats before taurine deficiency was found to be a primary cause of this form of cardiomyopathy in cats. Neoplasia was the most common cause after 1987. Right-sided congestive heart failure was the most commonly associated disorder in cats < 1 year old, whereas neoplastic disease was more common with increasing age. Most effusions were detected during the initial physical examination and were modified transudates. Peritoneal effusion was commonly accompanied by fluid accumulation elsewhere, particularly pleural effusion. The prognosis for a cat with abdominal effusion in this study was poor (mean survival time, 21 days; range, 1 to 350 days; median, 2.5 days).

Clinical Implications
The primary differential diagnosis for peritoneal effusion in cats is neoplastic disease in older cats and right-sided heart failure in kittens. Diseases associated with peritoneal effusion generally have poor prognoses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:375–381)
Use of corticosteroids for treating dogs with airway obstruction secondary to hilar lymphadenopathy caused by chronic histoplasmosis: 16 cases (1979-1997)
Authors: Schulman Rhonda L. , McKiernan Brendan C. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To examine use of corticosteroids in treating dogs with airway obstruction secondary to hilar lymphadenopathy caused by chronic histoplasmosis.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
16 dogs.

Procedure
Records for dogs with airway obstruction examined from January 1979 through December 1997 were reviewed. Dogs were included in the study if they had hilar lymphadenopathy documented radiographically and bronchoscopically, had serum antibodies against Histoplasma capsulatum, and did not have organisms in any cytologic or histologic samples. Dogs were assigned to groups on the basis of treatment given (5 dogs, corticosteroids only; 5 dogs, corticosteroids and antifungal medication; 6 dogs, antifungal medication only).

Results
Clinical signs resolved in < 1 week in dogs treated only with corticosteroids. In dogs treated with corticosteroids and an antifungal medication, improvement was evident in a mean of 2.6 weeks. In 5 of 6 dogs treated with only an antifungal medication, clinical signs resolved in a mean of 8.8 weeks. Dogs receiving corticosteroids did not develop active or disseminated histoplasmosis.

Clinical Implications
Corticosteroids can be used successfully in the treatment of dogs with hilar lymphadenopathy secondary to histoplasmosis. Affected dogs must be carefully evaluated for active infection. Specimens obtained by means of bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal washing, or other methods should be examined to exclude the possibility of an active infection, which could result in corticosteroid-induced dissemination of disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214–1345-1348)
Healthy pets, healthy people
Authors: Wong Stephanie K. , Feinstein Lisa H. , Heidmann Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Zoonoses, diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, can pose serious health risks to immunocompromised people. Although pets can carry zoonoses, owning and caring for animals can benefit human health. Information exists about preventing transmission of zoonoses, but not all physiCians and veterinarians provide adequate and accurate information to immunocompromised pet owners.1 This disease prevention/health promotion project provides physicians and veterinarians with information, created specifically to share with patients and clients, about the health risks and benefits of pet ownership. Further, “Healthy Pets, Healthy People” encourages communication between veterinarians, physicians, clients, and patients and can serve as a model program for a nationwide effort to aid health professionals in making recommendations about pet ownership for immunocompromised people.