bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadmium Dicyanoaurates and Their Reaction with Ammonia
Authors: Varju Bryton R. , Pells Jefferson A. , Wollschlaeger Sara A. , Leznoff Daniel B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe synthesis and crystal structures of two anionic cadmium dicyanoaurate coordination polymers, [nBu4N]6[(Cd4Cl4)2(Au(CN)2)12][CdCl4] (TCCA) and [nBu4N]2[Cd(Au(CN)2)4], and their reaction with ammonia vapour is reported. TCCA and the isostructural [nBu4N]6[(Cd4Br4)2(Au(CN)2)12][CdBr4] form 3‐D arrays with [Cd4X4]4+ (X=Cl, Br) cubane clusters linked from each octahedral Cd(II) centre by three bridging [Au(CN)2]− units. TCCA reacts with ammonia with concentrations of 1000 ppm or higher to give a product with a quantum yield of 0.88, while [nBu4N]2[Cd(Au(CN)2)4], which forms a 2‐D anionic Cd[Au(CN)2]2 sheet structure with axially pendant [Au(CN)2]− units, reacts with concentrated ammonia vapour to generate Cd(NH3)2[Au(CN)2]2; this has a similar 2‐D sheet structure but with axial NH3 units. Vibrational spectroscopy illustrated that the reaction of both Cd/[Au(CN)2]‐based materials with ammonia proceeded by breaking Cd‐NC bonds. For [nBu4N]2[Cd(Au(CN)2)4], this results in decomposition into [nBu4N][Au(CN)2] ⋅ 0.5H2O and Cd(NH3)2[Au(CN)2]2, while the reaction of ammonia with TCCA is reversible by heating the ammonia‐bound sample above 110 °C. Cd[Au(CN)2]2 can be prepared by thermal removal of NH3 units from Cd(NH3)2[Au(CN)2]2.
Design and Synthesis of Viologen‐based Copolymers for High Performance Li‐Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Ao , Li Chengqiu , Chen Xianhe , Zhang Chenxing , Mei Shilin , Yao Chang‐Jiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDual‐ion batteries based on organic electrodes show great potential to break through the bottlenecks existed in conventional LIBs due to their high specific capacity, lifted working voltage, and environmental benignity. Herein, two innovative viologen‐based bipolar copolymers poly(viologen‐pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetrone dichloride) (PVPTOCl2) and poly(viologen‐anthraquinone dichloride) (PVAQCl2) were synthesized and applied as high performance cathodes for lithium‐dual‐ion battery. Bearing the dual‐ion storage capability of viologen and carbonyls, as well as the conjugated structure of pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetrone, the synthesized copolymers show remarkable electrochemical performances for LIBs. Compared to PVAQCl2, PVPTOCl2 shows superior electrochemical performance with high initial specific capacity (235.0 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1), high reversibility (coulombic efficiency up to 99.96 % at 1 A g−1), excellent rate performance (150.3 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and outstanding cycling stability (a reversible capacity of 197.5 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a low capacity loss per cycle of 0.11‰ during 3000 cycles). Moreover, the charge storage mechanism was systematically investigated by ex‐situ FT‐IR, ex‐situ XPS and DFT calculations. The results clearly reveal the structure‐property relationship of the bipolar‐molecules, providing a new platform to develop efficient bipolar materials for dual‐ion batteries.
A low‐power low‐dropout regulator with improved transient response and power supply rejection
Authors: Rezaei Yeganeh Moradzadeh , Mojarad Mortaza 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA high‐precision fast‐settling low‐dropout (LDO) regulator has been presented in this paper. A novel frequency compensation scheme has been proposed to acquire wider bandwidth while sufficient stability is guaranteed for all loading conditions without using external compensation capacitors. Moreover, novel auxiliary circuits have been proposed to improve the slew rate and minimize the settling time. The new LDO has been designed in a standard 0.18‐μm CMOS process. Postlayout simulation results show that the LDO achieves 2.7‐ and 2.48‐MHz unity‐gain frequency for 100 and 0 mA of load current, respectively, while the minimum phase margin is 64°. The results also demonstrate that the worst‐case settling time is almost equal to 1.95 μs. It is shown that by using the new slew rate enhancement technique, the settling time has been reduced from 18 to 1.9 μs. The LDO consumes a quiescent current of 21.5 μA, and the power supply rejection is −46 dB at 10‐kHz offset, which makes the LDO capable of adequately suppressing input supply ripples. The large loop gain of the proposed circuit improves the accuracy of the LDO, and the load and line regulations are 0.1 mV/mA and 0.1 mV/V, respectively.
A retrospective analysis of 350 cases of parotid gland tumors and the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors
Authors: Gao Wen , Feng Lifei , Huang Zishi , Chen Duoxuan , Guo Wei , Yin Gaofei , Zhang Yang , Huang Zhigang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospective analysis of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of parotid gland tumors, and to explore the value of ultrasound in the differentiation of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors.MethodsThe clinical data of 350 patients with parotid gland tumors in our hospital from 2002 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were examined by ultrasound. The postoperative pathological test results were used as the “gold standard” to verify and analyze the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid tumors (PT).ResultsThe male‐to‐female ratio of 350 patients with parotid gland tumors was 1.16:1. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 87 years old. Patients aged 40–65 years accounted for 54.6%, which was the most common age of parotid gland tumors. Among 350 cases, 259 were benign and 91 were malignant. The top three benign PTs were pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, and basal cell adenoma. The top three malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid masses were 96.53%, 69.23%, 89.43%, 87.50%, and 87.72%, respectively.ConclusionThe pathological types of parotid gland tumors are complex and diverse. Ultrasonography has high accuracy in the diagnosis of PT, which can provide important evidence for the differentiation of benign and malignant PT, and then assist in the clinical selection of individualized surgical programs.
Dry ice sublimation performance as affected by binding agent, density, and age
Authors: Hafner Kimberly , Welt Bruce , Pelletier William , Boz Özdemir Ziynet 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDry ice is one of the world's most in‐demand commodities for cold chain distribution of temperature sensitive products in insulated shippers. A commonly used rule of thumb is that dry ice sublimates about 8% every 24 h, without consideration for dry ice type, size, or geometry. This study explored sublimation rates of dry ice composition (binding agent and density), age, and geometry (size and shape). Dry ice block manufacturing often involves dosing propylene glycol‐water “binder” solution to liquid carbon dioxide. Tests performed in this study revealed that the binding agent did not influence the dry ice sublimation rate. Dry ice density was found to impact sublimation rate. Fresh and aged blocks of similar dimensions and mass were found to have similar performance outcomes. Mass loss curves for pellets and various sized dry ice blocks showed a dependence on surface area and volume. Chunked blocks and pellets with and without binding agent sublimated at similar rates of 2.84 and 2.53% h−1 (w/w), respectively, whereas block varieties with significantly lower surface area to volume ratios had lower sublimation rates of 0.98–1.60% h−1.
Ecological restoration success on the Loess Plateau of China: A qualitative and quantitative exploration based on rephotography
Authors: Liu Lanmin , Gao Yanchen , Chen Junru , Zvomuya Francis , He Hailong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEcological restoration programs such as the “Grain for Green Project” (GFGP) have significantly reduced soil erosion and increased vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau (LP) of China over the last decades. The LP has become the paragon of ecological restoration and soil and water conservation across the world and has been highlighted by numerous reports in the literature. However, there is a lack of “seeing is believing” evidence (that is, a picture is worth a thousand words) depicting the effectiveness of the ecological restoration on the LP. Rephotography (repeat photography) was used in this study to compare historical and current photographs of the same locations to explore the landscape changes associated with ecological restoration. Twenty‐nine photo pairs between 1925 and 2021 were compiled and combined with satellite imagery and the deduced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) between 1986 and 2021. This allowed the establishment of a rephotography library reflecting the achievements of ecological remediation and reconstruction on the LP. This in turn provides intuitive and detailed evidence for the ecological environment construction of the LP and resonates with the notion of “lucid waters and lush mountains being invaluable assets”. In addition to presenting a great opportunity to investigate landscape change over time, which is difficult to discern using other approaches, the study provides a scientific reference and a basis for government decision‐making. The potential use of rephotography for calibrating remote sensed data was also discussed. Good agreement was found between the NDVI derived from rephotography of large areas and NDVI derived from satellite imageries, which may facilitate the accurate reconstruction of time series NDVI.
The Use of TOEFL iBT® in Admissions Decisions: Stakeholder Perceptions of Policies and Practices
Authors: Cushing Sara T. , Ren Haoshan , Tan Yi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper reports partial results from a larger study of how three different groups of stakeholders—university admissions officers, faculty in graduate programs involved in admissions decisions, and Intensive English Program (IEP) faculty—interpret and use TOEFL iBT® scores in making admissions decisions or preparing students to meet minimum test score requirements. Our overall goal was to gain a better understanding of the perceived role of English language proficiency in admissions decisions and the internal and external factors that inform decisions about acceptable ways to demonstrate proficiency and minimal standards. To that end, we designed surveys for each stakeholder group that contained questions for all groups and questions specific to each group. This report focuses on the questions that were common to all three groups across two areas: (1) understandings of and participation in institutional policy making around English language proficiency tests and (2) knowledge of and attitudes toward the TOEFL iBT test itself. Our results suggested that, as predicted, university admissions staff were the most aware of and involved in policy making but frequently consulted with ESL experts such as IEP faculty when setting policies. This stakeholder group was also the most knowledgeable about the TOEFL iBT test. Faculty in graduate programs varied in their understanding of and involvement in policy making and reported the least familiarity with the test. However, they reported that more information about many aspects of the test would help them make better admissions decisions. The results of the study add to the growing literature on language assessment literacy among various stakeholder groups, especially in terms of identifying aspects of assessment literacy that are important to different groups of stakeholders.
Impact of salvage chemotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer
Authors: Matoba Takuma , Minohara Kiyoshi , Kawakita Daisuke , Sawabe Michi , Takano Gaku , Oguri Keisuke , Murashima Akihiro , Iwaki Sho , Tsuge Hiroshi , Imaizumi Sae , Hojo Wataru , Kondo Ayano , Tsukamoto Koji , Iwasaki Shinichi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear witch regimen is optimal as salvage chemotherapy (SCT) after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (RM‐HNC).MethodsThis study enrolled 109 patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival 2 (PFS2) were compared between patients stratified by SCT regimen.ResultsOf the 109 patients, 55 underwent SCT after the failure of ICI monotherapy. The OS of these 55 patients was longer than that of patients who did not undergo SCT. The OS and PFS2 were similar between patients treated with paclitaxel (PTX) and cetuximab (Cmab) combination and those treated with PTX monotherapy. The occurrence of irAEs did not impact PFS2 nor OS.ConclusionsSCT can improve the survival outcomes of patients with RM‐HNC. In addition to PTX and Cmab, PTX monotherapy is also considered an effective SCT regimen. SCT is effective regardless of the presence or absence of irAEs.
Recent advances in breast cancer cell line research
Authors: Sharma Manika P , Shukla Supriya , Misra Gauri 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBreast cancer, a formidable global health challenge, needs continuous translational research to understand the complexity of mechanisms and improve therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Breast cancer cell lines are of paramount importance as they significantly contribute to the initial stage of research to understand cancer biology. This review provides insights into targeted therapies and immunotherapies that have emerged using in vitro models and microbiome analysis. It focuses on therapeutic development using cell lines and the limitations of tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment. We explore the evolving landscape of breast cancer cell lines from two‐dimensional (2‐D) cultures to patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models advancing both fundamental and translational research. Patient‐derived xenografts, cell line‐derived xenografts (CDX), three‐dimensional (3‐D) cultures, organoids, and circulating tumor cells (CTC) models provide promising alternatives that capture the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment. This review bridges the gap between traditional cell lines and newer developments exploring the therapeutic and diagnostic advancements and needs for cell lines to expedite the progress in breast cancer research and treatment.
Digitalization and firms' systematic risk in China
Authors: Jiang Kangqi , Zhou Mengling , Chen Zhongfei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious literature indicates that digitalization offers enterprises competitive advantages. However, However, its potential impact on risk management remains uncertain. Thus, this study explores the causality between digital transformation and systematic risk of Chinese public companies during 2007–2020. We developed a digital‐related keywords dictionary using textual analysis to identify investments in digital assets which serve as a measure of corporate digitalization. Our findings suggest a negative correlation between digital transformation and enterprise systematic risk. This relationship is further supported by robustness tests, adjustments for endogeneity, and random forest predictions. The risk‐reducing effect of digitalization is more pronounced in non‐state‐owned, small, high‐asset‐density, and low‐investor‐attention enterprises. Additionally, we explore potential mechanisms: the financial leverage channel, operating leverage channel, and investor loyalty channel. Empirical observations indicate that enterprise digitalization: (1) lowers financing costs, curbing an inclination towards excessive debt; (2) enhances operational cost management and stimulates sales growth; and (3) boosts long‐term investor holdings, decreases stock price synchronization, and mitigates crash risks. This study offers new insights into assessing the sustainability of digitalization and mitigating systematic risks of enterprises.
Impact of sentinel lymph node mapping on survival in patients with high‐risk endometrial cancer in the early stage: A matched cohort study
Authors: Jaafar Eya , Gaultier Victor , Wohrer Henri , Estevez Juan Pablo , Gonthier Clementine , Koskas Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare patient survival using sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedure and pelvic lymphadenectomy for stating early‐stage high risk endometrial cancer.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for early‐stage high risk endometrial cancer between 2010 and 2017 were extracted from the incidence registry of the SEER program. We identified patients who underwent SLN mapping. Patients who initially underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy were selected as the comparison group. One‐to‐one matching was performed according to age, ethnicity, histology, extension and grade. The primary outcome was disease‐specific survival. The secondary outcome was overall survival.ResultsA total of 326 patients who underwent SLN mapping and 326 who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy initially were included in the study. The three‐year analysis did not find a significant difference between the SLN and lymphadenectomy groups on disease‐specific survival probability (88.2% vs 82.7, P = 0.07) and on overall survival probability (82.7% vs 78.2%, P = 0.57). Patients who underwent SLN mapping had a lower mean number of lymph nodes removed (mean 3 vs 16, P < 0.001) and there was a higher rate of patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes (18% vs 14%, P = 0.04). Following adjustment for confounding factors, disease‐specific survival did not vary according to the lymph node intervention performed (P = 0.056), but the SLN group had better overall survival than those in the lymphadenectomy group (P = 0.047).ConclusionThe SLN technique was not associated with poorer disease‐specific survival than pelvic lymphadenectomy even after adjustment. These results suggest that SLN is an acceptable and safe procedure in surgical staging for early‐stage high‐risk endometrial cancer.
Impact of 2 years of COVID‐19 pandemic on preterm birth: Experience from a tertiary center of obstetrics in western Germany
Authors: Nagel Laura E. , Reisch Beatrix , Schwenk Udo , Kimmig Klaus Rainer , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Dzietko Mark , Gellhaus Alexandra , Iannaccone Antonella 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare preterm birth rates and reasons before and during the COVID‐19‐pandemic using a monocentric, retrospective study.MethodsUnivariate analysis identified differences in rates and reasons for preterm birth and neonatal outcomes between the pre‐pandemic period (January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019) and during the pandemic (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021) among all births at our tertiary obstetrical center, the University Hospital of Essen.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 6086 deliveries with 593 liveborn preterm singletons. During the pandemic, the incidence of preterm birth decreased (10.7% vs. 8.6%; odds ratio [OR] 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.93). Spontaneous preterm birth (43.2% vs. 52.3%; OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.05–2.03), and placenta accreta spectrum disorder (3.7% vs. 8.2%; OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.15–4.84) were more common reasons for preterm birth. Placental dysfunction was a less common reason (34.1% vs. 24.3%; OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.43–0.90). Incidences of preterm premature rupture of membranes (28.13% vs. 40.25%; OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.12–2.43) and oligo−/anhydramnios (3.98% vs. 7.88%; OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.02–4.21) increased. Iatrogenic preterm birth decreased (54.5% vs. 49.5%; OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.58–1.13). Stillbirth rates did not change significantly. Among term births, there were fewer spontaneous deliveries (71.0% vs. 65.8%; OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.69–0.88), and more elective (12.3% vs. 15.1%; OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07–1.50) and unplanned (9.3% vs. 10.9%; OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.98–1.45) cesarean sections. During the pandemic, more term newborns were admitted to neonatal intensive care (1.4% vs. 2.5%; OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.20–2.88).ConclusionOur results, in line with data from other high‐income countries, suggest that the likely reason for the decreased preterm birth rates is the underdiagnosis of pregnancy complications.
Mandatory seatbelt laws and traffic fatalities: A reassessment
Authors: Anderson D. Mark , Liang Yang , Sabia Joseph J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for the period 1983–1997, Cohen and Einav (Review of Economics and Statistics 2003; 85[4]: 828–843) found that mandatory seatbelt laws were associated with a 4–6% reduction in traffic fatalities among motor vehicle occupants. After successfully replicating their two‐way fixed effects estimates, we (1) add 22 years of data (1998–2019) to capture additional seatbelt policy variation and observe a longer post‐treatment period, (2) employ the interaction‐weighted estimator proposed by Sun and Abraham (2021) to address potential bias due to heterogeneous and dynamic treatment effects, and (3) estimate event‐study models to investigate pre‐treatment trends and explore lagged post‐treatment effects. Consistent with Cohen and Einav (2003), our updated estimates show that primary seatbelt laws are associated with a 5 to 9% reduction in fatalities among motor vehicle occupants. Estimated effects of secondary seatbelt laws are smaller in magnitude and sensitive to model choice.
The macroeconomy as a random forest
Authors: Goulet Coulombe Philippe 
Published: January 2024

SummaryI develop the macroeconomic random forest (MRF), an algorithm adapting the canonical machine learning (ML) tool, to flexibly model evolving parameters in a linear macro equation. Its main output, generalized time‐varying parameters (GTVPs), is a versatile device nesting many popular nonlinearities (threshold/switching, smooth transition, and structural breaks/change) and allowing for sophisticated new ones. The approach delivers clear forecasting gains over numerous alternatives, predicts the 2008 drastic rise in unemployment, and performs well for inflation. Unlike most ML‐based methods, MRF is directly interpretable—via its GTVPs. For instance, the successful unemployment forecast is due to the influence of forward‐looking variables (e.g., term spreads and housing starts) nearly doubling before every recession. Interestingly, the Phillips curve has indeed flattened, and its might is highly cyclical.