bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Friction Coefficient of Gas–Oil Two-Phase Flow in a Large Annulus
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Hu Junjie , Pan Shaowei , Zhang Jianbo , Chen Keshan , Sun Baojiang 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The friction coefficient is an important factor that affects the accurate calculation of wellbore annular pressure distribution and is of great significance for the safety of drilling operations. To date, investigations of the friction coefficient mainly focused on low-viscosity liquids (such as water and kerosene). Thus, the obtained friction coefficients have poor applicability in the calculation of gas–oil-based mud two-phase flow. This study reports gas–oil two-phase flow experiments for different viscosities (16–39 mPa·s) in the annulus of a large wellbore, performed using an experimental wellbore (Φ100×Φ60×12 000 mm). The gas–liquid mixture Reynolds number ranges from 500 to 10,000. The results reveal a consistent trend for the variation of the friction coefficient under different flow patterns. For the same mixture Reynolds number, a larger liquid viscosity corresponds to a smaller variation of the friction coefficient among different flow patterns. The larger the superficial liquid velocity, the greater the friction coefficient. Based on the dimensionless analysis of the experimental data, a model for the calculation of the friction coefficient of gas–oil two-phase flow in a large annulus is established, and its prediction error relative to the experimental data is found to be less than 30%. This study can provide a basis for accurate calculations of gas–oil-based mud two-phase flow in drilling wellbores.
222 nm far-UVC light markedly reduces the level of infectious airborne virus in an occupied room.
Authors: Kleiman Norman , Welch David , Hashmi Raabia , Shuryak Igor , Brenner David , Buonanno Manuela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An emerging intervention for control of airborne-mediated pandemics and epidemics is whole-room far-UVC (200-235 nm). Laboratory studies have shown that 222-nm light inactivates airborne pathogens, potentially without harm to exposed occupants. While encouraging results have been reported in benchtop studies and in room-sized bioaerosol chambers, to date there have been no quantitative studies of airborne pathogen reduction in occupied rooms. We quantified far-UVC mediated reduction of aerosolized murine norovirus (MNV) in an occupied mouse-cage cleaning room within an animal-care facility. Benchtop studies suggest that MNV is a conservative surrogate for airborne viruses such as influenza and coronavirus. Using four 222-nm lamps installed in the ceiling, and staying well within current recommended regulatory limits, far-UVC reduced airborne infectious MNV by 99.8% (95% CI: 98.2-99.9%). This study is the first to directly demonstrate far-UVC anti-microbial efficacy against airborne pathogens in an occupied indoor location.
Bioelectricity production and bioremediation potential of Withania somnifera
Authors: Bhattacharya Riya , Bose Debajyoti , Ganti Pranathi , Rizvi Alwiya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In plant microbial fuel cells or p-MFCs living plants photosynthesize between two electrodes. The plant exudes organic waste material from the roots. In the rhizosphere, bacteria consume these wastes by oxidizing them in contrast to the atmosphere that reduces it. This redox reaction along with photosynthesis can be harnessed as an energy source in the form of bioelectricity. In this work, the plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal was used for generating bioelectricity from the root exudates and organic matter available in the soil. An open circuit voltage of 930 ± 21 mV was achieved between multiple cycles of operation.
Pleiotrophin-Neuregulin1 promote axon regeneration and sorting in conduit repair of critical nerve gap injuries
Authors: RomeroOrtega Mario , Gu Xingjian , Rahman Farial , Tran B , Miyata JF , Reynoso Ana Hernandez , Anand Sanjay , Bendale Geetanjali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Significant challenges remain in the treatment of critical nerve gap injuries using artificial nerve conduits. We previously reported successful axon regeneration across a 40 mm nerve gap using a biosynthetic nerve implant (BNI) with multi-luminal synergistic growth factor release. However, axon sorting, remyelination, and functional recovery were limited. Neuregulin1 (NRG1) plays a significant role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of Schwann cells (SCs) during development and after injury. We hypothesize that the release of NRG1 type III combined with pleiotrophin (PTN) in the BNI will enhance axon growth, remyelination, and function of regenerated nerves across a critical gap. A rabbit 40 mm peroneal gap injury model was used to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of BNIs containing either NRG1, PTN, or PTN+NRG1 growth factor release. We found that NRG1 treatment doubled the number of regenerated axons (1276±895) compared to empty controls (633±666) and PTN tripled this number (2270±989). NRG1 also significantly increased the number of SOX10+ Schwann cells in mid-conduit (20.42%±11.78%) and reduced the number of abnormal Remak axon bundles. The combination of PTN+NRG1 increased axon diameter (1.70±1.06) vs control (1.21±0.77) (p<0.01), with 15.35% of axons above 3 µm, comparable to autograft. However, the total number of remyelinated axons was not increased by the added NRG1 release, which correlated with absence of axonal NRG1 type III expression in the regenerated axons. Electrophysiological evaluation showed higher muscle force recruitment (23.8±16.0 mN vs 17.4±1.4 mN) and maximum evoked compound motor action potential (353 μV vs 37 μV) in PTN-NRG1 group versus control, which correlated with the improvement in the toe spread recovery observed in PTN-NRG1 treated animals (0.64±0.02) vs control (0.50±0.01). These results revealed the need of a combination of pro-regenerative and remyelinating growth factor combination therapy for the repair of critical nerve gaps.
Syllable, Bigram, and Morphology-Driven Pseudoword Generation in Greek and a Protocol for Pseudoword Assessment
Authors: Apostolouda Vassiliki , Kosmidis Kosmas , Kanetidis Michael , Revithiadou Anthi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pseudowords are crucial in (psycho)linguistic research, offering a way to study language without meaning interfering. While various methods for pseudoword creation exist, each has its limitations. Traditional approaches create pseudowords by modifying existing words, potentially leading to unintended recognition of the original words. Modern techniques, using high-frequency bigrams or syllable deconstruction, often require linguistic expertise and may not be tailored specifically for Greek, which is our primary focus. Hence, we introduce SyBig (r)- Morph, a novel algorithm for generating Greek pseudowords with unique features that distinguish it from existing pseudoword generation algorithms.
SyBig (r)-Morph constructs pseudowords using syllables as the main building block, replicating in this manner the linguistic patterns of Greek words. Furthermore, it is flexible and can be applied to extensive wordlists/databases categorizing syllables by position to ensure phonotactic consistency with user-selected morphosyntactic categories. Another important feature of SyBig (r)-Morph is that it employs dual lexicons to eliminate phonologically invalid combinations.
We also outline a specialized protocol for further evaluating the phonological wellformedness of Greek pseudowords, focusing on pseudo-nouns for a production experiment that investigates diverse accentual patterns within and across noun classes. Using an annotated version of the Clean Corpus and the Num Tool, we ensure that these pseudowords adhere to Greek phonotactics and do not closely resemble native words. Selection of essential parameters, including bigram token and type frequency, phonological neighbors, and Levenshtein distance, guarantees accurate phonological well-formedness assessment. This meticulous process results in a curated set of 240 pseudowords for our linguistic experiment.
Experimental analysis of interface behavior between sand and corrugated surfaces with DIC technique
Authors: Grabowski Aleksander , Konkol Jakub , Wójcik Michał , Nitka Michał 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The paper deals with laboratory investigations of the interface between sand and sinusoidal corrugated surface in the direct shear apparatus under constant normal load. The 3D printing technology was used to provide a custom-built direct shear box and to construct different topographies of corrugated surfaces. A series of interface shearing experiments with different sinusoidal corrugated surfaces were analyzed using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The micro-behavior of the shear zone was evaluated. It has been shown that the increase of the corrugation coefficient d/l induces the increase of the forces exerted on the surface and the volumetric changes. Direct sliding of the material on the surface was observed for smooth surfaces. In contrast, the shear plane was observed above the corrugation valleys, inside the material and at the corrugation peaks for rough surfaces. The critical value of the corrugation coefficient, ranging between 0.053 and 0.147, was found to be the boundary between rough and smooth interfaces. The grain-on-surface friction component was between 19% and 32%, and the grain-on-grain component was between 68 and 81% for rough interfaces with the shear zone thickness ranging from 4×d50 to 5×d50. The presented research provides unique insights into the micro-behavior of the interface between the granular material and the sinusoidal corrugated surface.
Copper catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based triazole-linked glycohybrids: Mechanistic insights and bio- applications
Authors: Tiwari Ghanshyam , Khanna Ashish , Tyagi Rajdeep , Mishra Vinay Kumar , Narayana Chintam , Sagar Ram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hybrid molecules continue to maintain their stronghold in the drug market, with over 60% of drug candidates in pharmaceutical industries. The substantial expenses for the development and production of biologically privileged drugs are expected to create opportunities for the developments of hybrid molecule-based drugs. Therefore, we have developed a simple and efficient copper catalyzed approach for the synthesis of a wide range of triazole-linked glycohybrids derived from pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Employing microwave-assisted copper catalyzed approach, we developed a concise route using various 7-O-propargylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 1-azidoglycosides. This strategy afforded a series of twenty-seven glycohybrids up to 98% yield with diverse stereochemistry. All achieved within a remarkably shortened time frame. Our investigation extends to the evaluation of anti-cancer potential of these synthesized triazole-linked pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based glycohybrids. In-vitro assays against MCF-7, MDA-MB231, and MDA-MB453 cell lines reveal intriguing findings. (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate emerges as a standout with potent anti-cancer activity against MDA-MB231 cells (IC50 = 29.1 µM), while (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate demonstrates exceptional inhibitory effects against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 15.3 µM). These results align with our docking analysis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations, further validating the in-vitro outcomes. This work not only underscores the synthetic utility of our devised protocol but also highlights the promising potential of these glycohybrids as candidates for further anti-cancer therapeutic exploration.
The Future Trend of E-Mobility in Terms of Battery Electric Vehicles and their Impact on Climate Change: A Case Study Applied in Hungary
Authors: Saleh Mohamad Ali Saleh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The transportation sector is responsible for 25% of the total CO2 emissions, whereas 60.6% of this sector represents small and medium passenger cars. However, as noted by the European Union Long-term strategy, there are two ways to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions in the transportation sector. The first way is characterized by creating more efficient vehicles. In contrast, the second way is characterized by changing the fuel used. The current study addressed the second way, changing the fuel type. The study examined the potential of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as an alternative fuel type to reduce CO2 emissions in Hungary's transportation sector. The study used secondary data retrieved from Statista and stata.com to analyze the future trends of BEVs in Hungary. The results showed that the percentage of BEVs in Hungary in 2022 was 0.4% compared to the total number of registered passenger cars, which is 3.8 million. The simple exponential smoothing (SES) time series forecast revealed that the number of BEVs is expected to reach 84,192 in 2030, indicating a percentage increase of 2.21% in the next eight years. The study suggests that increasing the number of BEVs is necessary to address the negative impact of CO2 emissions on society. The Hungarian Ministry of Innovation and Technology's strategy to reduce the cost of BEVs may increase the percentage of BEVs by 10%, resulting in a potential average reduction of 76,957,600 g/km of CO2 compared to gasoline, diesel, HEVs, and PHEVs.
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Amphillo germplasm resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis
Authors: Gonzales Rafael Vago , Caixeta Eveline Teixeira , Salgado Sônia Maria Lima , Alves Danúbia Rodrigues , Fatobene Barbhara Joana Reis , Silva Edson Mario Andrade , Correia Alexsandra Medeiros , Nascimento Moysés , Oliveira Antonio Carlos Baião , Pereira Antônio Alves 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The phytonematode Meloidogyne paranaensis is one of the main threats to coffee production. The development of Coffea arabica cultivars resistant to this pathogen is an urgent demand for coffee growers. Progenies derived from the wild germplasm Amphillo are considered potential sources of resistance to M. paranaensis, however, the mechanisms involved in this resistance have not yet been elucidated. In the present work, the resistance of different progenies derived from Amphillo was studied and molecular markers associated with resistance were identified. Through the Genomic-Wide Association, SNP markers associated with genes potentially involved in resistance control were identified. A total of 158 genotypes belonging to four progenies derived from crosses between Amphillo and Catuaí Vermelho were analyzed. These coffee plants were phenotyped for five traits related to resistance. A total of 7116 SNP markers were genotyped and, after quality filtering, 931 SNPs were selected to conduct the genome-wide association study. The mixed linear model identified 12 SNPs with significant associations with at least one of the evaluated variables and eighteen genes were mapped. The results obtained support the development of markers for assisted selection, studies on genetic inheritance, and elucidating molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance of C. arabica to M. paranaensis.
Application and comparison of four assessment methods for water quality of Sancha Lake in Central Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Su Kai , Peng Zhongshan , Wang Qin , Cao Rong , Xi Yingwei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In order to analyze and compare the characteristics and applicability of different water quality evaluation methods applied to lake water quality evaluation, four monitoring sections were set up in Sancha Lake in 2019, 2020, and 2021, and 20 water quality parameters were selected. The single factor index method, the comprehensive pollution index method, the Nemerow pollution index method, and the improved Nemerow pollution index method were used to comprehensively evaluate water quality. The research results showed that the single factor index evaluation method is simple to operate and can quickly determine the water quality category by identifying the worst single water quality indicator. The comprehensive pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method determine the degree of water pollution based on the numerical values representing the overall pollution level of the representative water body. The evaluation results showed that except for the evaluation results of the single factor evaluation method with categories II and III, the results of other evaluation methods were all category I, indicating that the water quality was good.
Importance of process design on carbon footprint from drinking water treatment by enhanced coagulation-filtration
Authors: Pellikainen Paula , Eikebrokk Bjornar , Vahala Riku 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

There are several process design options for enhanced coagulation-filtration in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This study compares the carbon footprint and economic impact of two common process designs based on enhanced coagulation-filtration with pH, Ca, and alkalinity adjustment for corrosion control. The process designs are direct filtration (DF) using Al coagulant with limewater (DF-Al) and contact filtration (CF) using Fe coagulant with alkaline filter layers (CF-Fe). The operational data are retrieved from full-scale DWTPs. The results show that the carbon footprint from operations is five times larger for the DF-Al compared to the CF-Fe. Operational costs covering chemicals and energy are almost 30% higher for the DF-Al. Simplified material intensity estimations for the construction phase show that the carbon footprint and investment cost increase with increasing process area, which are larger for the DF-Al. Therefore, to reduce environmental impacts and costs, the design of drinking water treatment processes should be carefully considered even for very similar processes. The results should motivate both water professionals and decision-makers to include a carbon footprint evaluation as a routine step in the DWTP selection and design phases.
The temperature-dependent kinetics and bacteria regrowth by performic acid and sodium hypochlorite disinfection
Authors: Ding Ning , Liu Kun , Jiang Lin , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been widely used as a disinfectant in water and wastewater treatment, because of its high efficiency and low cost, whereas the bio-toxicity of its disinfection byproducts (DBPs) raised great concern. Performic acid (PFA) produces less DBPs and shows strong oxidation abilities. In this study, the effect of temperature on NaOCl and PFA disinfection as well as bacteria regrowth were evaluated. First, the inactivation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis by NaOCl and PFA at 4 and 20 °C, detected by cell cultured-based plate counting were fitted to kinetic models, and the predicted CTs were calculated. The results showed that NaOCl was more effective than PFA for E. coli and S. aureus inactivation, and the temperature was positively correlated to disinfection. Second, bacteria regrowth was evaluated at different temperatures (4 and 20 °C) of disinfection and storage. The results showed that the bacteria inactivated by NaOCl regrew prominently, especially for those inactivated at 4 and stored at 4 °C, probably through the mechanism of reactivation of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria. PFA was superior in suppressing bacteria regrowth, and it may be used as an alternate disinfectant in water treatment in cold environment.
Activation and Denitrosylation of Procaspase-3 in KA-induced
Excitotoxicity
Authors: Liu Yong , Yan Hui , Zhang Jia , Cai Yu-Ting , Yin Xiao-Hui , Lu Feng , Liu Ying-Kui , Li Chong 
Published: November 2023

Background:
It has been reported that activation of glutamate kainate receptor subunit 2
(GluK2) subunit-containing glutamate receptors and the following Fas ligand(FasL) up-regulation,
caspase-3 activation, result in delayed apoptosis-like neuronal death in hippocampus CA1 subfield
after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosylation might inhibit the
procaspase activation, whereas denitrosylation might contribute to cleavage and activation of
procaspases.

Objectives:
The study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying procaspase-3
denitrosylation and activation following kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity in rat
hippocampus.

Methods:
S-nitrosylation of procaspase-3 was detected by biotin-switch method. Activation of
procaspase-3 was shown as cleavage of procaspase-3 detected by immunoblotting. FasL expression
was detected by immunoblotting. Cresyl violets and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling
(TUNEL) staining were used to detect apoptosis-like neuronal death in rat hippocampal CA1 and
CA3 subfields.

Results:
KA led to the activation of procaspase-3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the
activation was inhibited by KA receptor antagonist NS102. Procaspase-3 was denitrosylated at 3 h
after kainic acid administration, and the denitrosylation was reversed by SNP and GSNO. FasL ASODNs
inhibited the procaspase-3 denitrosylation and activation. Moreover, thioredoxin reductase
(TrxR) inhibitor auranofin prevented the denitrosylation and activation of procaspase-3 in rat
hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields. NS102, FasL AS-ODNs, and auranofin reversed the KAinduced
apoptosis and cell death in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields.

Conclusions:
KA led to denitrosylation and activation of procaspase-3 via FasL and TrxR.
Inhibition of procaspase-3 denitrosylation by auranofin, SNP, and GSNO played protective effects
against KA-induced apoptosis-like neuronal death in rat hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields.
These investigations revealed that the procaspase-3 undergoes an initial denitrosylation process
before becoming activated, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and
possible treatment of excitotoxicity.
Biomarkers for Diagnosing and Treating Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Wu Mengyao , He Junyu , Chen Yetao , Wan Fangzhu , Tang Hongbo , Yin Chenghong , He Haibo , Yu Huifan , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: November 2023

abstract:
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), a common obstetric complication, significantly increases the risks of fetal intrauterine death and neonatal death, and fetuses with
growth restriction are prone to cognitive retardation and various diseases in adulthood.
The early determination of FGR risk is contentious in clinical research, and few indicators are available for the early prediction and diagnosis of FGR. This review focuses on
the prediction and diagnosis of FGR, as well as the significance of biomarkers for FGR,
such as those related to gene regulation, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and inflammation. Although many of these biomarkers are still in the early stages of research, they
are good predictors of the threats to fetal health and safety, and they provide new insights for the treatment of FGR.