bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato consumption and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality – a long-term follow-up of a Norwegian cohort
Authors: Arnesen Erik Kristoffer , Laake Ida , Carlsen Monica H. , Veierød Marit Bragelien , Retterstøl Kjetil 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose.
To examine the association between potato consumption and death of all-causes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a substantial follow-up period within a cohort predominantly consuming boiled potatoes.
Methods.
Adults from three Norwegian counties were invited to three health screenings in 1974–1988 (> 80% attendance). Dietary data were collected using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires at each screening to categorize weekly potato consumption (≤ 6, 7–13, or ≥ 14 potatoes/week) and calculate daily cumulative mean intakes (grams/day). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between potato consumption and risk of death from all-causes, CVD, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Results.
Among 78,400 subjects with a mean baseline age of 41 years, we observed 27,737 deaths, including 9,028 deaths due to CVD, over a median follow-up of 33.5 years. Subjects who consumed ≥ 14 potatoes/week had a lower risk of all-cause death compared to subjects consuming ≤ 6 potatoes/week (HR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.84, 0.92). Potato consumption was associated with a small, inverse risk of death due to CVD, IHD, and AMI. In continuous analyses, each 100 g/day increment was associated with 4% lower risk of death from all-causes (HR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.94, 0.98) and CVD (0.96; 0.93, 0.99), along with 5% (0.95; 0.91, 1.00) and 4% lower (0.96; 0.91, 1.01) risk of IHD and AMI death, respectively.
Conclusion.
In this cohort with a generally high consumption of potatoes, we found modest, inverse associations between potato consumption and death of all-causes, CVD, and IHD.
Artificial Democracy: A Comparison of Croatian and the Czech Republic Leader Visits and their Effects on Winning the (UNSC) Election
Authors: Quchqar Bahruddin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The number of leader visits to other countries has been counted higher right before the (UNSC) elections. Why do the high-level officials of the state visit other countries’ leaders right before the (UNSC) elections? To find an answer to this question, this research paper aims to examine the effects of leader visits to gain votes in the UNSC elections. On this occasion, to restrict the research area, we will compare leader visits of two countries, (Czech and Croatia), before and after the occurrence of the UNSC elections in 2007. This theme is one of the newly concerning research issues among academic societies, thus, it obviously contributes to the enrichment of the literature.
Study on financial cost evaluation of urban water environment management and pollution prevention and control
Authors: Jiang Juan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, water pollution has become a major factor restricting social development. To address this, the government has issued a series of policy documents to control water environmental pollution and achieved certain results. However, on the whole, the prevention and control of the pollution of water environments requires a large amount of capital investment, but the corresponding results and benefits are not significant. Hence, this paper takes Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Hefei as examples to study the financial cost-effectiveness of the governance of urban water environments from the two dimensions of time and space. It is concluded that the cost of water environmental treatment has a negative effect on the comprehensive benefit of environmental treatment in the region in the short term and a positive effect in the long term, which indicates that water environmental pollution treatment is work that needs to be adhered to for a long time, and long-term planning is also needed for cost input. On this basis, strategies to improve the cost efficiency of water pollution treatment are presented.
Exploring source water mixing strategies to reduce chemical consumption and environmental footprint in surface water treatment
Authors: Hägg Kristofer , Persson Tobias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Common methods for treating surface waters involve chemical flocculation, for which a significant factor contributing to the total cost and climate impact is the consumption of chemicals, chiefly coagulants and pH-adjusting chemicals. The amount of chemicals required for treating surface waters and achieving suitable flocculation pH depends greatly on the alkalinity of the source water. This study investigates the viability of mixing two surface waters with different chemical properties with the aim of reducing the amount of chemicals used during chemical flocculation. Bench-scale experiments were carried out, and the results were compared with full-scale operations at a surface water treatment plant (WTP). The WTP uses ferric chloride as a coagulant, which effectively removes natural organic matter, but consumes large amounts of hydroxide to manage pH before and after flocculation. As an alternative process, this study tested the use of aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride and ferric chloride at varying dosages in combination with different source water mixtures to achieve suitable flocculation pH. The results showed that pH-adjusting chemicals could be omitted by adding a small amount of high alkalinity surface water to the primary source water, thereby reducing costs and climate impact substantially.
Unlocking the Potential of Herbal Therapies in the Management of
Psoriasis: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Vihal Samar , Pundir Swati , Chauhan Raveen , Gupta Gaurav , Singh Sachin Kumar , Dua Kamal , Agarwal Shweta , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Negi Poonam 
Published: February 2024

Background::
Psoriasis is a severe chronic skin disease with no permanent cure,
caused by inherited, immunologic, and environmental factors, like trauma, medications, infection,
humidity, and stress. It can have a devastating impact on people's lives and is often associated
with systemic conditions, like arthritis. The exact cause of psoriasis remains unclear, but it
involves the activation of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, playing a major role in
Th1/Th17 regulation.

Methods::
The PubMed and Google Scholar search engines were used to conduct the literature
review. The search terms included "psoriasis and classification," "therapeutic strategies and psoriasis,"
"herbal medicine and psoriasis," and "herbal nanocarrier and psoriasis." An attempt was
made to compile relevant material with a focus on only herbal treatments for psoriasis management.

Results::
An extensive literature search showed that herbal treatments that constitute plant-based
therapies have been largely utilized to treat infections. Natural medicines have been gaining tremendous
momentum in the recent decade due to minimal side effects. Approximately 75-80% of
the global population in developing countries consume natural remedies.

Conclusion::
Psoriasis remains a severe chronic skin disease without a permanent cure, influenced
by inherited, immunologic, and environmental factors. Herbal treatments show promise in
managing psoriasis with minimal side effects, offering hope for improved quality of life. This
report has highlighted the potential of plant-based therapies and their role in treating psoriasis.
Application of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurements in Adult Tumor Clinical Trials in China: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jia Yan , Li Qi , Zhang Xiaowen , Yan Yi , Yan Shiyan , Li Shunping , Li Wei , Wu Xiaowen , Rong Hongguo , Liu Jianping 
Published: February 2024

Background
International health policies and researchers have emphasized the value of evaluating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical studies. However, the characteristics of PROs in adult tumor clinical trials in China remain insufficiently elucidated.

Objective
This study aims to assess the application and characteristics of PRO instruments as primary or secondary outcomes in adult randomized clinical trials related to tumors in China.

Methods
This cross-sectional study identified tumor-focused randomized clinical trials conducted in China between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2022. The ClinicalTrials.gov database and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were selected as the databases. Trials were classified into four groups based on the use of PRO instruments: (1) trials listing PRO instruments as primary outcomes, (2) trials listing PRO instruments as secondary outcomes, (3) trials listing PRO instruments as coprimary outcomes, and (4) trials without any mention of PRO instruments. Pertinent data, including study phase, settings, geographic regions, centers, participant demographics (age and sex), funding sources, intervention types, target diseases, and the names of PRO instruments, were extracted from these trials. The target diseases involved in the trials were grouped according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, 8th Edition.

Results
Among the 6445 trials examined, 2390 (37.08%) incorporated PRO instruments as part of their outcomes. Within this subset, 26.82% (641/2390) listed PRO instruments as primary outcomes, 52.72% (1260/2390) as secondary outcomes, and 20.46% (489/2390) as coprimary outcomes. Among the 2,155,306 participants included in these trials, PRO instruments were used to collect data from 613,648 (28.47%) patients as primary or secondary outcomes and from 74,287 (3.45%) patients as coprimary outcomes. The most common conditions explicitly using specified PRO instruments included thorax tumors (217/1280, 16.95%), breast tumors (176/1280, 13.75%), and lower gastrointestinal tract tumors (173/1280, 13.52%). Frequently used PRO instruments included the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire–30, the visual analog scale, the numeric rating scale, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Conclusions
Over recent years, the incorporation of PROs has demonstrated an upward trajectory in adult randomized clinical trials on tumors in China. Nonetheless, the infrequent measurement of the patient’s voice remains noteworthy. Disease-specific PRO instruments should be more effectively incorporated into various tumor disease categories in clinical trials, and there is room for improvement in the inclusion of PRO instruments as clinical trial end points.
Exploring the Potential of an Eye Tissue Donor Reporting App in Enhancing the Procurement of Corneal Donors: Mixed Methods Observational Study
Authors: Szkodny Dominika , Wróblewska-Czajka Ewa , Stryja Mikołaj , Gara Filip , Wylęgała Edward 
Published: February 2024

Background
The availability of donated eye tissue saves and enhances vision in transplant recipients; however, the current demand for tissue surpasses the available supply. Corneal donor shortages lead to increased wait times, delayed surgeries, prolonged visual impairment, and increased inconvenience to patients requiring eye tissue transplantation. A web-based application was previously developed to facilitate easy and intuitive submission of potential donor information.

Objective
The primary objectives of this study were to assess health care professionals’ attitudes toward the potential application and evaluate its effectiveness based on user feedback and donor registrations through the application.

Methods
Researchers used a mixed methods approach, commencing with a literature review to identify challenges associated with donor procurement. Stakeholder interviews were conducted to gauge health care professionals’ perspectives regarding the application. User feedback was collected through questionnaires, surveys, and interviews to assess the application’s usability and impact. An assessment of the reported potential donors and questionnaire responses were analyzed.

Results
The final version of the application successfully reported 24 real cornea donors. Among 64 health care providers who used the application to communicate about potential donors, 32 of them submitted trial entries exclusively for testing purposes. The remaining 8 health care professionals reported potential donors; however, these individuals did not meet the donor qualification criteria. The majority of participants found the application user-friendly and expressed their readiness to use it in the future. Positive ratings were assigned to the layout, appearance, purpose, and specific features of the application. Respondents highlighted the automatic sending of notifications via SMS text messages and the integration of all necessary documents for donor qualification and tissue collection as the most valuable functions of the application.

Conclusions
The study indicates that donor reporting applications offer promising solutions to enhance tissue donor procurement. This application streamlined the reporting process, reduced paperwork, facilitated communication, and collected valuable data for analysis.
Telemedicine-Based Risk Program to Prevent Falls Among Older Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Quality Improvement Trial
Authors: Rein David B , Hackney Madeleine E , Haddad Yara K , Sublett Farah A , Moreland Briana , Imhof Laurie , Peterson Cora , Legha Jaswinder K , Mark Janice , Vaughan Camille P , Johnson II Theodore M , Bergen Gwen ,   Emory STEADI Implementation team
Published: February 2024

Background
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) initiative offers health care providers tools and resources to assist with fall risk screening and multifactorial fall risk assessment and interventions. Its effectiveness has never been evaluated in a randomized trial.

Objective
This study aims to describe the protocol for the STEADI Options Randomized Quality Improvement Trial (RQIT), which was designed to evaluate the impact on falls and all-cause health expenditures of a telemedicine-based form of STEADI implemented among older adults aged 65 years and older, within a primary care setting.

Methods
STEADI Options was a pragmatic RQIT implemented within a health system comparing a telemedicine version of the STEADI fall risk assessment to the standard of care (SOC). Before screening, we randomized all eligible patients in participating clinics into the STEADI arm or SOC arm based on their scheduled provider. All received the Stay Independent screener (SIS) to determine fall risk. Patients were considered at risk for falls if they scored 4 or more on the SIS or answered affirmatively to any 1 of the 3 key questions within the SIS. Patients screened at risk for falls and randomized to the STEADI arm were offered a registered nurse (RN)–led STEADI assessment through telemedicine; the RN provided assessment results and recommendations to the providers, who were advised to discuss fall-prevention strategies with their patients. Patients screened at risk for falls and randomized to the SOC arm were asked to participate in study data collection only. Data on recruitment, STEADI assessments, use of recommended prevention services, medications, and fall occurrences were collected using electronic health records and patient surveys. Using staff time diaries and administrative records, the study prospectively collected data on STEADI implementation costs and all-cause outpatient and inpatient charges incurred over the year following enrollment.

Results
The study enrolled 720 patients (n=307, 42.6% STEADI arm; n=353, 49% SOC arm; and n=60, 8.3% discontinued arm) from September 2020 to December 2021. Follow-up data collection was completed in January 2023. As of February 2024, data analysis is complete, and results are expected to be published by the end of 2025.

Conclusions
The STEADI RQIT evaluates the impact of a telemedicine-based, STEADI-based fall risk assessment on falls and all-cause health expenditures and can provide information on the intervention’s effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05390736, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05390736

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/54395
Detecting Location Errors with ERA5 Pseudo Stations
Authors: Bezeau Clara , Geissel Elizabeth , Hayes Emily , Miria Gertrude , Platt Connor , Whelan William , Yang Teng , Thorne Peter 
Published: February 2024

Significant efforts are made to eliminate biases from models and
observations, especially at operational centres. However, these biases
still significantly impact the quality of assimilated data products. In
the case of numerical weather prediction, residual biases can result in
suboptimal utilization of available data or even render them unusable.
In climate research based on re-analyzed datasets, it can be difficult
to distinguish between accurate signals and trends from inaccurate ones
caused by biases in models and data.This study used a detection
algorithm written in the R language to perform statistical computing and
data analysis. The algorithm was applied to a synthetic study utilizing
pseudo-stations based on ERA5 to simulate and detect instrumental
effects. Rather than using observational data from real-world sources,
the study generated artificial scenarios to guarantee the quality of the
data assessment.ERA5 is a well-known atmospheric reanalysis product that
was used to create simulated or pseudo-weather stations. These stations
were designed to mimic actual stations but were generated
computationally to enable controlled experimentation. The study
constructed twenty-five pseudo-stations in Frankfurt, Germany, within
the latitude 49–50° and longitude 8–9° in the Northern Hemisphere. The
study utilized the ERA5 land surface dataset of hourly 2-m air
temperature of September in 2013 and 2014. The study tool significantly
improves data quality assessment by evaluating the synthetic dataset’s
precision, dependability, and general robustness. It introduces a range
of factors to assess the degree to which the data quality can be
enhanced and maintained, including station movements, errors, and
noise.To determine the likelihood of the threshold correlation occurring
at our confirmed noise threshold, the correlation values occurring at
1.53 for each locational trial were extracted. Our threshold correlation
was evaluated to see if it occurred within a likely range of
correlations occurring at 1.53 degrees of noise, where 0.9744052 is less
than 0.9744667 but greater than 0.9781093. This process helps improve
detection methods for data anomalies, contributing to advancements in
data quality assessment.
Pemanfaatan Augmented Reality untuk Keterampilan Komunikasi Sosial Anak dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme
Authors: Wagino  , Sujarwanto  , Niratama Fairus 
Published: February 2024

Gangguan spektrum autisme (ASD) adalah gangguan neurologis yang menyebabkan anak yang didiagnosis mungkin menghadapi kesulitan dalam komunikasi sosial atau memiliki serangkaian perilaku yang berulang atau terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pemanfaatan augmented reality untuk keterampilan komunikasi sosial anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari berbagai kelompok usia dan tingkat keparahan dan harus mencakup kedua jenis kelamin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efek penggunaan AR terhadap pembelajaran individu adalah positif. Namun, mengingat beragam keterampilan yang ditargetkan dalam studi terpilih, dan heterogenitas peserta, kesimpulan sumatif mengenai keefektifan AR untuk mengajarkan keterampilan komunikasi sosial kepada individu dengan ASD berdasarkan literatur yang ada tidak mungkin dilakukan. Kefektifan relatif AR di antara lebih banyak peserta, teknologi berbeda yang mendukung AR, intervensinya, dan evaluasi di lingkungan kelas diperlukan. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang solusi berbasis augmented reality (AR) yang dikembangkan untuk gangguan spektrum autisme (ASD).
The Self-Efficacy Perception for Environmental Education and Ecological Footprint Awareness of the Child Development Programme Students
Authors: Pullu Emine Kübra , GÖmleksiz Mehmet Nuri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the self-efficacy perception for environmental education and ecological footprint awareness of the child development programme students. Sample group of the study which was carried out according to the correlational survey model was specified according to convenience sampling. The sample group consisted of students studying in child development departments in four universities in Turkey. In the study, “Self-Efficacy Scale for Environmental Education” and “Ecological Footprint Awareness Scale” were used as data collection tools. For the data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t, variance tests and The Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used. In the research results, it was revealed that the environmental education self-efficacy perception and ecological footprint awareness levels of the students of the child development programme positively affect each other at a moderate level.
Serotonin Immunoreactive Cells in Extrahepatic Bile Ducts, Major Duodenal Papilla and Gallbladder in the Domestic Pig
Authors: Stefanov Ivaylo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The main part of serotonin in the body is synthesized and released by a certain type of enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal mucosa called enterochromaffin cells. The scarce qualitative and quantitative data on enterochromaffin and serotonin-positive mast cells in porcine extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder, motivated us to undertake the present study. The aim of this study was to determine the localization and density of serotonin-positive cells in the wall of the extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder in pigs. An immunohistochemical method was used to identify enterochromaffin cells and determine their percentage relative to the total number of endocrine cells labeled with chromogranin A. Serotonin-positive mast cells were identified after tryptase staining of serial sections. The endocrine function of mast cells was demonstrated by chromogranin A immunolabeling. The highest number of enterochromaffin cells were found in the intramural part of the ductus choledochus, followed by the papilla duodeni major, extramural part of the ductus choledochus, ductus hepaticus comunis, ductus cysticus, and gallbladder. In all parts of the extrahepatic bile ducts, the highest number of mast cells was found in the muscle layer, followed by the serosal layer and the propria. The expression of serotonin in the enterochromaffin cells of the biliary glands and in the mast cells of the analyzed organs suggests a possible synthesis of serotonin, which probably regulates physiological and pathological processes.