bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of high myopia among students of University of Lahore
Authors: Arbaz Shah  , Awais Ishfaq  , Ahmad Mukhtar Malik  , Mehreen Fatima  
Published: February 2024

The Propose of the study is to investigate the frequency of high myopia in students at the University of Lahore. The total sample size consisted of 1004 participants, including 404 emmetropic individuals, 540 myopic individuals, and 60 individuals with high myopia. The percentages of emmetropia, myopia and high myopia were found to be 40.2%, 53.8%, and 6.0%, respectively. Out of the total participants, 522 were female and 482 were male.
Regarding close-up work time, 25 students (2.5%) reported spending 1-2 hours, 239 students (23.8%) reported spending 3-4 hours, 201 students (20%) reported spending 5-6 hours, and 539 students (53.7%) reported spending more than 6 hours on close-up work. In terms of outdoor activities per week, 291 students (29%) engaged in activities 1-2 times a week, 119 students (11.9%) engaged 3-4 times a week, 495 students (49.3%) engaged less than once a week, and 99 students (9.9%) engaged more than 4 times a week.
Regarding the time spent outdoors, 210 students (20.9%) spent 1-2 hours, 238 students (23.7%) spent 3-4 hours, 358 students (35.7%) spent more than 4 hours, and 198 students (19.7%) spent less than an hour outdoors.
The mean or average age of students was 20.97 years, minimum age of 18 years and maximum of 28 years. Among the 540 myopic students, 306 were female and 234 were male. Furthermore, 54.1% (294 out of 540) of myopic students had family history of high myopia and myopia. The average or mean age of myopic students was 20.84 years, with mean refractive power of -2.0995D in OD and -2.0829D in OS.
Among the 60 high myopic students, 32 were female and 28 were male. Approximately 70% of students had family history of myopia and high myopia, while 30% had negative family history. The mean age of high myopic students was 21.12 years, with a mean refractive power of -7.8542D in OD and -8.0625D in OS. Close-up work was the primary activity for approximately 66.7% (40 out of 60) of high myopic students.
Frequency of Strabismus with Down Syndrome
Authors: Areejattique  , Fatima Nadeem  
Published: February 2024

Background: To assess the frequency of deviation in eyes in Down Syndrome patients and also to determine the type of deviation in each eye.
Objective(s): The purpose of this study was how frequent the strabismus is among the Down Syndrome patients.
Methodology: The related study was carried out at Shadaab Special School, Lahore. A self-designed Performa was used to gather the data that mainly includes the type of strabismus, findings of the Hirschberg test and cover uncover test. Strabismus was assessed with the pen torch used to determine the findings of cover test, Hirschberg test and cover uncover test. Then we used IBM SPSS Version for entering and analysing the data.
Results: A total of 60 patients took part in this research with a gender split of 36 male and 24 female varying in age from 2-18y.These are categorized into 4 age groups. The patients with DS had high prevalence in age group of teens (13-18 years) 51.70%. 41.70% of deviation was in school going children (6-12 years). Pre-school children (3.5-5 years) and toddlers (2-3 years) had 3.3% of misalignment. Strabismus was found in 36 (60%) males and 24 (24%) females. Esotropic deviation was assessed in 25 (67.57%) and exotropia deviation in 9 (24.32%) in RE. In LE esotropic deviation was found in 14 (60.86%) and exotropic deviation in 7 (30.43%).
Conclusion(s): This study showed that strabismus in DS Patients were more prevalent in males as compared to females. Esodeviation was the commonest type in DS Patients.
Effect of Weather Parameters on Population Dynamics of Bihar Hairy Caterpillar [Spilarctia (Spilosoma) obliqua Walker] in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Patel Pradip Kumar , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Vijay 
Published: February 2024

The present investigation revealed that Bihar hairy caterpillar was first recorded during 32nd standard week (1.92 larvae/plant) which reached to its maximum during 41st standard week (11.93 larvae/plant) and there after gradually decreased up to 1.33 larvae/plant during 44th standard week.
The maximum temperature showed non-significant positive correlation, minimum temperature and relative humidity showed non-significant negative correlation while rain fall showed significant negative correlation with the population buildup of Bihar hairy caterpillar.
Acute basophilic leukemia: Case report
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Jain Paresh , Anand Mona 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe term “basophilic leukemia” has been in use for 75 years. However, consistent diagnostic criteria are lacking. This is due to the rarity of the disease and to the routine unavailability of special tests that are often required to confirm a diagnosis. We report an unusual case of acute basophilic leukemia in a child who was referred to our Center, arriving with partially treated acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Basophilic differentiation on light microscopy was evident from the coarse basophilic granules in blasts, a progressive maturation of blasts toward basophils, and toluidine positivity on cytochemistry. Blasts showed a myeloid immunophenotype (CD13+, CD33+, CD117+) with a characteristic dual positivity for CD34 and CD25, highly suggestive of basophilic nature of the blasts. Conventional cytogenetic studies revealed translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22). A diagnosis of acute basophilic leukemia with t(8;21) was made. Review of pre‐therapy slides showed features consistent with AML‐M2 with basophilia. There were no basophilic blasts. With these features, a diagnosis of acute basophilic leukemia secondary to AML‐M2 was made. In our patient, basophilic leukemia appears to have evolved from selective clonal proliferation of “basophil‐committed blasts” during the course of the disease in a case of AML‐M2 with basophilia. Am. J. Hematol. 76:134–138, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thromboembolic complications after splenectomy for hematologic diseases
Authors: Mohren Martin , Markmann Ilka , Dworschak Ulrike , Franke Astrid , Maas Christian , Mewes Sabine , Weiss Günter , Jentsch‐Ullrich Kathleen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThromboembolic complications following splenectomy for hematologic diseases occur in up to 10% of patients and may range from portal vein thrombosis (PVT) to pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Up to now there exist no recommendations for the duration and intensity of prophylactic anticoagulation, which usually follows local institutional protocols. We report on three consecutive patients with severe portal vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism—one with fatal outcome—7 to 35 days after splenectomy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immunothrombocytopenia, and indolent lymphoma, respectively. Incidence and pathophysiology of thromboembolic events (TE) in this patient group as well as prophylactic anticoagulation will be discussed, including a review of the current literature on this topic. Am. J. Hematol. 76:143–147, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammatory potential of neutrophils detected in sickle cell disease
Authors: Lum Aaron F.H. , Wun Ted , Staunton Donald , Simon Scott I. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn early event in the inflammatory response is neutrophil recruitment to endothelium in response to chemotactic stimulation, which in turn activates CD18‐integrin, which anchors neutrophils to the vessel wall under the shear force of blood flow. Activated neutrophils circulating in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients may significantly contribute to vascular occlusions (VOC) as neutrophils adherent to inflamed endothelium recruit sickle red blood cells inducing VOC. To elucidate the mechanisms by which neutrophils may participate in VOC in SCD, CD18‐integrin expression and function in fresh blood samples of non‐crisis patients were measured by flow cytometry. CD11b/CD18 membrane expression was ∼70% higher on unstimulated SCD neutrophils than controls, which correlated with a 1‐fold higher rate of adhesion to ligand. Unstimulated SCD neutrophils expressed ∼30,000 active CD18 per cell, while controls expressed ∼6,000. Stimulation with a low concentration of IL‐8 (0.1 nM) upregulated 100% more active CD18 and induced 60% more adhesion of SCD than control neutrophils. These data demonstrate that neutrophils from SCD patients constitutively express active CD18 in blood and respond with enhanced sensitivity to chemokine activation of adhesion, thus increasing their propensity for exuberant adhesion. Am. J. Hematol. 76:126–133, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Warfarin‐induced limb gangrene in the setting of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Klein Liviu , Galvez Angel , Klein Oana , Chediak Juan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA 53‐year‐old man with lung adenocarcinoma developed pulmonary embolism and bilateral popliteal venous thrombosis. Treated with intravenous unfractionated heparin and discharged home on warfarin, he returned a week later with extending thrombosis. Treatment with heparin followed by warfarin was reinitiated. Twenty‐four hours following the re‐administration of warfarin, the patient's INR increased to 14.5. The platelet count dropped by more than 50%, and he developed venous limb gangrene of the left leg and skin necrosis of the right leg. Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia was ruled out, and coagulation studies showed a severe depletion of protein C as well as increased thrombin generation. The patient was transfused with fresh frozen plasma, and vitamin K was given. Heparin was continued, and after 4 weeks, the patient improved markedly showing only minimal necrosis of the toes. Venous limb gangrene is a major complication associated with warfarin therapy. Its pathogenesis is explained by a transient hypercoagulable state produced by protein C depletion that leads to microvascular thrombi progressing to venous limb gangrene. The present case emphasizes the importance of careful anticoagulation with heparin followed by slow initiation of low‐dose warfarin, in order to minimize thrombotic complications. Am. J. Hematol. 76:176–179, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of acute chest wall sickle cell pain with nebulized morphine
Authors: Ballas Samir K. , Viscusi Eugene R. , Epstein Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper describes, for the first time, the utilization of nebulized morphine in the management of severe chest pain in two young adult African‐American patients who suffered from generalized acute sickle cell painful episodes. While hospitalized, both patients developed new sharp chest wall pain, and were treated with nebulized morphine started at 20 mg MOSO4 in 3.0‐ to 5.0‐mL physiologic buffered saline solution. Within minutes, both patients reported significant relief of chest wall pain. Patient 1 achieved 90% pain relief as well as a significant decrease in the pain intensity score. Patient 2 reported 40% pain relief, and the pain intensity score decreased to a mean of 5.6/10. Hence, treatment every 6 hr was continued for 10 days, after which the chest wall pain subsided. These findings indicate that nebulized morphine may prove effective in the management of acute chest pain in patients with sickle cell anemia. This is a desirable alternative in patients with difficult venous access and may more specifically target chest pain. Am. J. Hematol. 76:190–191, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemophagocytic syndrome as a presenting sign of transformation of smoldering to acute adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma: Efficacy of anti‐retroviral and interferon therapy
Authors: Aouba Achille , Lambotte Olivier , Vasiliu Viorel , Divine Marine , Valensi Françoise , Varet Bruno , Bazarbachi Ali , Hermine Olivier 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA 55‐year‐old Caribbean woman with a 6‐year history of smoldering adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma presented with clinical and biological symptoms of hemophagocytic syndrome. An extensive search for infectious diseases was negative. A lymph node biopsy showing large T‐cell lymphoma (CD4−, CD25+) and findings of high LDH count and severe lymphocytosis led to the diagnosis of acute adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma. Anti‐retroviral therapy combining zidovudine, lamivudine, and interferon‐α was started, resulting in rapid control of both hemophagocytic syndrome and symptoms of acute adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma. Thus, we propose that adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma must be added to the spectrum of etiologies of hemophagocytic syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 76:187–189, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ablation of hemophilic FVIII inhibitors with FVIII priming, cyclophosphamide immune suppression, and rapid tapering of FVIII immune tolerance
Authors: Kobrinsky Nathan L. , Sjolander Diane E. , Moser Deb K. , Stegman Dottie A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe efficacy and toxicity of factor VIII (FVIII) priming, cyclophosphamide immune suppression, and rapid tapering of concurrent FVIII immune tolerance for subjects with hemophilic inhibitors were evaluated. Four subjects with hemophilic inhibitors were studied. Before treatment, inhibitors were present for a median of 8 months (mean 13 ± 14.0 months). The median FVIII inhibitor titer was 16 BU/mL (mean 27.2 ± 29.2 BU/mL). Following FVIII priming (80.0 ± 70.2 U/kg), subjects received cyclophosphamide 1,418 ± 636 mg/M2 i.v. q3 weeks for 4.4 ± 1.7 courses. Subjects concurrently received a low (6 U/kg/day), moderate (30 U/kg/day), or high (100 U/kg/day) dose of FVIII followed by a rapid taper as the inhibitor titer decreased or resolved. During treatment, the inhibitor titer initially increased but then rapidly declined. Inhibitors resolved in 3.9 ± 2.9 months. One inhibitor recurred at 2.8 years, but it was successfully re‐treated. Effectiveness did not depend on the FVIII dose. Toxicity was minimal. Cyclophosphamide (1,400 mg/M2) administered after a priming dose of FVIII (80 U/kg) i.v. q3 weeks for 2–6 cycles with a rapid taper of concurrently administered daily FVIII as the inhibitor titer falls is an effective approach to hemophilic inhibitor ablation. Am. J. Hematol. 76:180–184, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and stroke due to human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) reactivation in an adult receiving high‐dose melphalan with autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation
Authors: Belford Amy , Myles Otha , Magill Alan , Wang James , Myhand Rick C. , Waselenko Jamie K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report an adult autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) patient who developed transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) due to human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) reactivation. A 58‐year‐old female with Stage IIIA IgGκ multiple myeloma received a melphalan (200 mg/m2) ASCT with discharge home after resolution of ASCT‐related toxicities. She presented on D+20 with dyspnea, rash, and fever to 105°F, followed by worsening dyspnea, hypotension, and capillary leak. Mental status (MS) changes were noted on D+23, but head CT and EEG were unremarkable. On D+29, a generalized seizure occurred with decline in platelet count and haptoglobin. TMA was noted on peripheral blood smear and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was initiated on D+31. Lumbar puncture (LP) revealed CSF protein 74 mg/dL and white blood count 7,000/mm3 with 74% lymphocytosis. TPE was continued without improvement in her MS or thrombocytopenia despite improvement in microangiopathy. An MRI of the brain showed a left hippocampus abnormality, and an EEG was consistent with encephalopathy. Serum polymerase chain regimen (PCR) was negative for CMV, HSV1, and HSV2 but was strongly positive for HHV‐6. Repeat LP protein was 597 mg/dL. Foscarnet was initiated, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR for HHV‐6 revealed 1,400 DNA copies/mL. Her MS greatly improved within 48 hr of antiviral therapy, serum HHV‐6 became negative, and TPE was tapered without recurrence of her TMA. TMA with HHV‐6 reactivation is likely an underdiagnosed entity. Given its fulminant course and favorable response to therapy, HHV‐6 reactivation should be considered a potential etiology in patients with TMA after ASCT. Am. J. Hematol. 76:156–162, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vulvar cancer in a patient with Fanconi's anemia, treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy
Authors: Harper Jennifer L. , Jenrette Joseph M. , Goddu S. Murty , Lal Asheesh , Smith Tim 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFanconi's anemia (FA) is rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by aplastic anemia, congenital anomalies, and cancer susceptibility. FA patients have deficiencies in DNA repair pathways that cause cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation and cross‐link agents such as mitomycin C and diepoxybutane (DEB). If these patients survive until early adulthood, they are at high risk for developing solid tumors, most commonly squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, esophagus, and vulva. Treatment of these solid tumors with radiotherapy is complicated by the increased risk of normal tissue toxicity. Three‐dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy is a technique that uses CT images to more accurately target tumors and maximize the dose to the tumor volume while limiting the dose to normal tissue. This report describes application of 3D conformal radiotherapy techniques to the treatment of vulvar cancer in a patient with FA in an attempt to limit the normal tissue volume exposed to radiation. Am. J. Hematol. 76:148–151, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with retinoic acid syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: García‐Suárez J. , Bañas H. , Krsnik I. , De Miguel D. , Reyes E. , Burgaleta C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA 56‐year‐old woman with an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) developed a severe all‐trans‐retinoic (ATRA) syndrome on day 17 of treatment. Shortly after, she presented a picture of pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, increased triglycerides, ferritin, and liver enzymes. A bone marrow biopsy showed abundant macrophages and no evidence of leukemia. Tests for secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) were negative. A diagnosis of HPS was made. Treatment with dexamethasone and high‐dose immunoglobulins was unsuccessful. Consolidation chemotherapy with idarubicin and ATRA rapidly reversed the HPS. The HPS in this patient could be related to the release of macrophage‐stimulating cytokines by APL cells during ATRA syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 76:172–175, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment of severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to warm reactive IgM autoantibody in a child with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Wakim Mary , Shah Ami , Arndt Patricia A. , Garratty George , Weinberg Kenneth , Hofstra Thomas , Church Joseph 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAutoimmune hemolytic anemia due to warm reactive IgM autoantibodies is unusual, severe, and often fails to respond to standard immunosuppressive therapies in both adults and children. A 6‐year‐old girl with common variable immunodeficiency had longstanding steroid dependent, splenectomy‐unresponsive, warm IgM autoantibody‐mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 antigen, was used to deplete B lymphocytes and reduce autoantibody production. She received a total of six doses of rituximab (375 mg/m2). Therapy was well tolerated, and B‐lymphocytes were effectively depleted from the peripheral blood. The patient was completely tapered off glucocorticoids. The patient has remained off immunosuppressive agents for 16 months despite the return of B lymphocytes to the peripheral circulation. She continues to require IVIG. Early treatment with rituximab might be an option for patients with warm reactive IgM autoantibody‐mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia not responding to other treatments or experiencing untoward side effects from those treatments. Am. J. Hematol. 76:152–155, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mild hyperhomocysteinemia in adult patients with sickle cell disease: A common finding unrelated to folate and cobalamin status
Authors: Dhar Meekoo , Bellevue Rita , Brar Shabneet , Carmel Ralph 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHomocysteine has associations with both vitamin insufficiency and vascular complications, and its status is therefore of interest in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, information is limited, especially in adults. We studied plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and three of its major modifiers, cobalamin, folate, and creatinine, in 90 adult patients with SCD and 76 control subjects. The patients had higher tHcy levels than did controls (P = 0.03) and had elevated tHcy more often (20% vs. 3%, P = 0.0005). None of the hyperhomocysteinemic patients had low cobalamin or folate levels; on the contrary, patients with SCD had high folate levels more often than control subjects (32% vs. 7%; P < 0.0001). Although serum creatinine values were lower in SCD patients than in control subjects (P = 0.03), high levels also tended to occur more often (8% vs. 1%; P = 0.054). Most importantly, creatinine levels correlated significantly with tHcy (P < 0.0001) and logistic regression analyses showed creatinine to be the only significant predictor of high tHcy levels in SCD (P = 0.01). Our results show that hyperhomocysteinemia affects 20% of adults with SCD despite routine folate supplementation and is independent of folate and cobalamin status. Creatinine was the major identifiable influence on tHcy, but renal insufficiency explained only 4 of the 18 elevated tHcy levels. Longitudinal studies will be needed to determine whether the frequent hyperhomocysteinemia of SCD influences the vascular complications in SCD. If reducing tHcy becomes advisable, then interventions other than folate therapy will be needed. Am. J. Hematol. 76:114–120, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of ELISA D‐dimer sensitivity for unstable angina pectoris as defined by coronary catheterization
Authors: Shitrit David , Bar‐Gil Shitrit Ariella , Rudensky Bernard , Sulkes Jaqueline , Tzviony Dan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractUnstable angina pectoris is associated with elevated D‐dimer levels. However, the operating characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value) of the D‐dimer assay for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) are unknown. Using a prospective, observational design, we collected blood from 54 patients with unstable angina pectoris at admission and assayed for ELISA D‐dimer levels. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive prediction values for angiographically determined coronary artery disease were calculated at multiple discriminate levels. All patients underwent coronary catheterization. A statistically significant correlation was noted between ELISA D‐dimer levels and age, male sex, hypertension, use of β‐blocker, fibrinogen levels and catheterization findings. No correlation was noted between ELISA D‐dimer levels and degree of the coronary artery disease. Best results were provided at a discriminate level of 270 ng/ml, with sensitivity 70%, negative predictive value 72%, and overall accuracy 67%. All discriminate levels, however, provided values too low for diagnosis. In conclusion, ELISA D‐dimer assay is a non‐sensitive, non‐specific test for coronary artery disease as defined by coronary catheterization. However, the assay adds information regarding the severity of disease in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 76:121–125, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.