bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing a germ cell origin for metastatic tumors using OCT4 immunohistochemistry
Authors: Cheng Liang 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are diverse morphologic manifestations of metastatic tumors. The determination of tumor origin is critical for patient management, and it is especially important when the differential diagnosis includes metastatic germ cell tumor, which is a highly treatable condition. OCT4 is a nuclear transcription factor that is expressed in pluripotent embryonic germ cells. In this study, the author sought to determine the usefulness of OCT4 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of metastatic germ cell tumors.METHODS.Sixty‐two retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimens from patients with histories of testicular germ cell tumors were stained using the antibodies against OCT4. In addition, 84 metastatic, nongerm cell lesions from men with known primary tumors were studied in parallel for OCT4 immunohistochemistry.RESULTS.All embryonal carcinoma components (n = 29 specimens) and seminoma components (n = 18 specimens) from retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimens showed strong, intense, diffuse nuclear staining for OCT4. Yolk sac tumors (n = 12 tumors), choriocarcinomas (n = 4 tumors), mature teratomas (n = 16 tumors), and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (n = 5 tumors) were negative for OCT4 staining. Metastatic, nonsmall cell carcinomas from the lung (n = 14 tumors), colon (n = 12 tumors), stomach (n = 5 tumors), pancreas (n = 7 tumors), prostate (n = 12 tumors), kidney (n = 3 tumors), and urinary bladder (n = 15 tumors) all were found to be negative immunohistochemically for OCT4, as were metastatic small cell carcinomas (n = 4 tumors) and metastatic melanomas (n = 7 tumors). In addition, malignant lymphomas (n = 5 tumors) also were negative for OCT4.CONCLUSIONS.Immunohistochemical detection of OCT4 is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma metastatic from the testis. Establishing germ cell origin for metastatic tumors has important implications for assessing patient prognosis and treatment options. Cancer 2004 © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Two Carboxylato‐Bridged Manganese(II) Complexes with N‐Donor Coligands
Authors: Konar Sanjit , Manna Subal Chandra , Zangrando Ennio , Mallah Talal , Ribas Joan , Chaudhuri Nirmalendu Ray 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTwo polymeric MnII complexes, [(m‐phth)(Mn)(bpp)2]·0.5H2O (1) and [(mal)2(Mn)2(H2O)2(hmt)] (2) [mal = malonate; hmt = hexamethylenetetramine; bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane; m‐phth = 1,3‐benzenedicarboxylate] have been synthesized. Complex 1 consists of 1D chains (with monocoordinated bpp) that are held together to form a 2D extended network of hydrogen bonding between lattice water molecules and uncoordinated bpp donors. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility data of the complex have been fitted applying the formula used for dinuclear complexes of MnII ions, considering interdimer interactions (J′). The following parameters were obtained from the best fit: J = −0.88 ± 0.02 cm−1, J′ = −0.1 cm−1 and g = 1.99 ± 0.01. The agreement factor R = Σ(χmTobsd. − χmTcalcd.)2/Σ(χmTcalcd.)2 is 1.110−5. Complex 2 is a 3D polymeric network where syn/anti‐bridging malonate ligands and MnII centers are assembled in the form of [Mn(H2O)(mal)]n layers, which are further connected by hexamethylenetetramine. The magnetic data have been fitted considering the complex as a pseudo‐two‐dimensional sheet of MnII cations and malonate anions since the coupling through the hexamethylenetetramine ligand is almost zero. We have followed two approaches for fitting the data, (a) through the expansion series of Line’s equation for the S = 5/2 antiferromagnetic quadratic layer and (b) by using the equation based on an infinite 2D square lattice composed of isotropically coupled classical spin S = 5/2. Both approaches result in excellent theoretical fits and similar J values of −0.24 cm−1 and −0.21 cm−1 for the Line’s and Curély equations, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A Novel Hybrid Supramolecular Network Assembled from Perfect π−π Stacking of an Anionic Inorganic Layer and a Cationic Hydronium‐Ion‐Mediated Organic Layer
Authors: Luo Tzuoo‐Tsair , Liu Yen‐Hsiang , Tsai Hui‐Lien , Su Chan‐Cheng , Ueng Chuen‐Her , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a three‐dimensional inorganic‐organic hybrid network [{Cu2(CA)3}{(H3O)2(phz)3}·G]n (1; H2CA = chloranilic acid, phz = phenazine; G = 2CH3COCH3·2H2O) is described. The crystal structure of 1 shows that the 3D network assembly is based on a combination of two types of grid‐building sub‐units of (6,3) topology: an anionic metal‐organic coordination honeycomb grid, and a cationic hydronium‐ion‐mediated organic honeycomb grid. The inorganic and organic honeycomb nets are perfectly π−π‐stacked, creating an infinite number of open‐end channels (channel size about 8 Å in diameter). The solid framework of 1 retains its rigidity upon removal of the guest molecules under high vacuum to form compound [{Cu2(CA)3}{(H3O)2(phz)3}]n (2) as revealed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compounds [{M2(CA)3}{(H3O)2(phz)3}·G]n (M = Cd, 3; M = Zn, 4; M = Co, 5; G = 2CH3COCH3·2H2O) were also prepared and characterized as isostructures of 1 [crystal data for 1: Cu2(CA)3(H3O)2(phz)3·G, trigonal, space group P$\bar 3$
1m, formula mass = 1478.86, a = 13.7593(2) Å, c = 9.1869(2) Å, V = 1506.22(5) Å3, Z = 1; crystal data for 2: Cu2(CA)3(H3O)2(phz)3, trigonal, space group P$\bar 3$
1m, formula mass = 1326.62, a = 13.7565(4) Å, c = 9.1544(5) Å, V = 1500.3(1) Å3, Z = 1]. The magnetic‐exchange coupling between the copper centers for compound 1 was analyzed on the basis of the Curie−Weiss expression and a dinuclear magnetic model. The negative values of the Weiss constant and the magnetic‐exchange coupling constant indicate an antiferromagnetic interaction between the copper centers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Adolescents' experiences of inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Colton Anna , Pistrang Nancy 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative study aimed to provide a detailed description of how adolescents experience inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 19 young women in two inpatient eating disorder units. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsParticipants expressed both positive and negative views of their inpatient treatment; their accounts were characterized by conflicts and dilemmas. Five themes were identified: (1) What is this illness that I have? (2) Do I want to get well? (3) Being with others: support vs distress; (4) Being an individual vs just another anorexic; and (5) Collaborating in treatment vs being treated.DiscussionThe stages of change model provides a useful framework for understanding the experience of inpatient treatment. The findings suggest several ways in which inpatient units might more effectively meet the needs of adolescents with anorexia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Seasonal forecasting of the Ethiopian summer rains
Authors: Gissila T. , Black E. , Grimes D. I. F. , Slingo J. M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe present a new seasonal forecasting model for the June–September rains in Ethiopia. It has previously been found that the total June–September rainfall over the whole country is difficult to predict using statistical methods. A detailed study of all available data shows the rainfall seasonality varies greatly from one region to another, which would explain why the total June–September rainfall over all regions is a difficult property to forecast. In addition, the correlation between rainfall and the southern oscillation index varies spatially, with a strong teleconnection present only in some regions. This study accounts for the spatial variability in rainfall by grouping the rain gauge stations into four geographical clusters based on seasonality and cross‐correlation of rainfall anomalies. Linear regression equations are then developed separately for each cluster. The variables we use for the regressions are sea‐surface temperature anomalies in the preceding March, April and May of the tropical western Indian Ocean, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, and Niño3.4. Formal skill testing of the equations shows that the new forecasting scheme is more effective in central western Ethiopia than either climatology or persistence—the methods currently used by the Ethiopian National Meteorological Services Agency. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Climate impacts on Indian agriculture
Authors: Krishna Kumar K. , Rupa Kumar K. , Ashrit R. G. , Deshpande N. R. , Hansen J. W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAgriculture (arguably the backbone of India's economy) is highly dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of monsoon rainfall. This paper presents an analysis of crop–climate relationships for India, using historic production statistics for major crops (rice, wheat, sorghum, groundnut and sugarcane) and for aggregate food grain, cereal, pulses and oilseed production. Correlation analysis provides an indication of the influence of monsoon rainfall and some of its potential predictors (Pacific and Indian Ocean sea‐surface temperatures, Darwin sea‐level pressure) on crop production. All‐India annual total production (except sorghum and sugarcane), and production in the monsoon (except sorghum) and post‐monsoon seasons (except rice and sorghum) were significantly correlated to all‐India summer monsoon rainfall. Monsoon season crops (except sorghum) were strongly associated with the three potential monsoon predictors. Results using state‐level crop production statistics and subdivisional monsoon rainfall were generally consistent with the all‐India results, but demonstrated some surprising spatial variations. Whereas the impact of subdivisional monsoon rainfall is strong in most of the country, the influence of concurrent predictors related to El Niño–southern oscillation and the Indian Ocean sea‐surface temperatures at a long lead time seem greatest in the western to central peninsula. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Fabrication and Characterization of Soluble Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced P(MMA‐co‐EMA) Composites
Authors: Yang Junwei , Hu Jianhua , Wang Changchun , Qin Yujun , Guo Zhixin 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: Soluble multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐MWNTs), obtained via amidation reaction of octadecylamine with purified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (p‐MWNTs), were solution‐mixed with P(MMA‐co‐EMA) at various loadings. Compared to the p‐MWNTs/P(MMA‐co‐EMA) composites, the s‐MWNTs/P(MMA‐co‐EMA) composites showed great improvement both in Young's modulus and tensile strength. With the addition of 10 wt.‐% s‐MWNTs, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of s‐MWNTs/P(MMA‐co‐EMA) composite have 135% and 49% increase over the pure P(MMA‐co‐EMA), respectively, and a 9.2% increase in Young's modulus and 12.8% increase in tensile strength over that of 10 wt.‐% p‐MWNTs composite. With the increase of MWNTs content, the Tg increases from 89 to 106 °C. SEM studies show that the s‐MWNTs are well dispersed in the polymer matrix. Good dispersion of s‐MWNTs in polymer matrix and great interfacial bonding between s‐MWNTs and P(MMA‐co‐EMA) may be the key reason for the improvement of the mechanical properties.Stress‐strain curves of the MWNTs and P(MMA‐co‐EMA) composites.magnified imageStress‐strain curves of the MWNTs and P(MMA‐co‐EMA) composites.
Population Balance Model for Miniemulsion Polymerization, 2
Authors: Sood Ashwini , Awasthi Shailendra K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: The predictions of the model developed in Part 1 of this series are compared with experimental values taken from literature. Initially, the method of solution of the population balance equation and the simulation algorithm are given. Various radical entry mechanisms are discussed in adequate detail. Plausible arguments are given to identify the correct radical entry mechanism. An expression to evaluate the radical exit coefficient is given. Model predictions of a number of variables are discussed. These include average number of radicals per particle, particle phase monomer volume fraction, average number of radicals averaged over all particles, monomer volume fraction averaged over all particles, variation of nucleation rate, variation of fraction of droplets nucleated, variation of average diameter, variation of standard deviation, variation of polydispersity index, and development of particle size distribution with time. Finally, model predictions for the variation of conversion with time for five different initiator concentrations, number average diameter, standard deviation and full distribution are compared with experimental values.Variation in the average number of radicals per particle with time, at different collocation points.imageVariation in the average number of radicals per particle with time, at different collocation points.
T lymphocytes and food allergy
Authors: Bohle Barbara 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFood allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction to normally harmless substances and involves humoral immune responses, mediated by immunoglobulin (IgE) synthesized by B lymphocytes, and cellular immune responses mediated by T lymphocytes. An IgE‐mediated mechanism leads to clinical symptoms occurring immediately after food ingestion, e. g., “the oral allergy syndrome”. For delayed reactions involving the gastrointestinal tract or the skin, the underlying immune mechanisms are less clear. In order to elucidate the cellular response to food allergens, human allergen‐specific T cell cultures generated in vitro represent helpful tools. The majority of food allergen‐specific CD4+ T lymphocytes isolated from food‐allergic individuals was found to synthesize high levels of IL‐4 and IL‐13, two cytokines required for initiation of IgE synthesis. Due to selective homing profiles, food‐specific T cells seem also to be involved in defining the target organ of the allergic inflammation. Recent data provide evidence that in addition to IgE‐mediated inflammation, food allergen‐specific T lymphocytes may also cause inflammatory responses independently of IgE‐mediated mechanisms.
Convergence analysis of the streamline diffusion and discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Vlasov‐Fokker‐Planck system
Authors: Asadzadeh M. , Kowalczyk P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe prove stability estimates and derive optimal convergence rates for the streamline diffusion and discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for discretization of the multi‐dimensional Vlasov‐Fokker‐Planck system. The focus is on the theoretical aspects, where we deal with construction and convergence analysis of the discretization schemes. Some related special cases are implemented in M. Asadzadeh [Appl Comput Meth 1(2) (2002), 158–175] and M. Asadzadeh and A. Sopasakis [Comput Meth Appl Mech Eng 191(41–42) (2002), 4641–4661]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Convergence of V‐ and F‐cycle multigrid methods for the biharmonic problem using the Hsieh‐Clough‐Tocher element
Authors: Zhao Jie 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMultigrid V‐ and F‐cycle algorithms for the biharmonic problem using the H‐C‐T element are studied in the article. We show that the contraction numbers can be uniformly improved by increasing the number of smoothing steps. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Characterisation of estrone–nucleic acid adducts formed by reaction of 3,4‐estrone‐o‐quinone with 2′‐deoxynucleosides/deoxynucleotides using capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Borges Crispina , Lemière Filip , Embrechts Jan , Van Dongen Walter , Esmans Eddy L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractXenobiotic and endobiotic molecules can react with DNA leading to formation of so‐called DNA adducts. This modified DNA can be repaired enzymatically, but, if not, these modifications are believed to be responsible for the initiation of carcinogenic processes. Hence, we studied the interaction of 2′‐deoxynucleosides and 2′‐deoxynucleotides with 3,4‐estronequinone (3,4‐E1Q), a metabolite of estrone (E1) and a supposed carcinogen. These estrone–nucleic acid adducts were analysed by capillary liquid chromatography (CapLC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Knowledge of their behaviour from in vitro studies is a prerequisite for detecting adducts in in vivo studies. Our initial attempts to synthesise nucleos(t)ide adducts of 3,4‐E1Q in an aprotic solvent (dimethylformamide) yielded no adducts. However, under acidic aqueous conditions, adducts were obtained. With dGuo, a dGuo adduct was found in addition to a Gua adduct. Earlier publications on adduct formation in protic solvents failed to report formation of any adduct with dAdo. A N3‐Ade adduct was reported upon reaction of 3,4‐E1Q with Ade base and with DNA. With dAdo, we obtained two nucleoside adducts and six Ade adducts due to loss of 2′‐deoxyribose. Thus, contrary to general belief that only 2,3‐E1Q can form stable adducts, we showed formation of substantial amounts of intact DNA adducts with 3,4‐E1Q in addition to deglycosylated adducts. Adducts were also obtained with dGMP and dAMP, but no phosphate alkylation was found. Adducts of dCyd, dCMP, dThd, and dTMP were not detected. Using chromatographic‐MS data a structural relationship between the 2′‐deoxynucleoside, 2′‐deoxynucleotide and base adducts was found in the various reaction mixtures. The adducts of dGuo and dGMP reaction mixtures were alkylated at the same N7‐position of the nucleobase, as indicated by the occurrence of a rapid deglycosylation reaction. In dAdo and dAMP reaction mixtures, 14 adducts were detected; their relationships from the LC and MS data reduced the number of structures to six adenine base alkylated adducts with respect to alkylation between N1, N3, N7 and/or N6 in the adenine and C1, C2 and/or C6 in 3,4‐E1Q. We could infer, in addition, whether they had an A ring attachment or a C6 attachment on the estrone moiety. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chloride‐enhanced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry of polychlorinated n‐alkanes
Authors: Zencak Zdenek , Oehme Michael 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe use of high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with chloride‐enhanced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for the determination of polychlorinated n‐alkanes (PCAs, also called chlorinated paraffins or CPs) is described as an alternative to gas chromatographic methods. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the negative ion mode formed exclusively [M+Cl]− adduct ions and suppressed fragmentation when a chlorinated solvent was added. Limits of detection were 1–2 ng/μL for technical PCA mixtures. Response factors for single short‐chain PCA homologues with different degrees of chlorination varied by not more than a factor of 6.5. The developed method was applied for the determination of the composition of technical PCA mixtures as well as for the analysis of PCAs in household commodities. Medium‐chain PCAs were found in paint samples at concentrations of 8.2–11.5% (w/w), compared with 7.4–11.5% obtained by gas chromatography combined with electron ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doppler study of the umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Leung W. C. , Lam H. , Lee C. P. , Lao T. T. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between Doppler parameters in the umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries and pregnancy outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsA prospective study was performed on 169 singleton GDM pregnancies in a university teaching hospital from January to December 2002. Umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI and peak systolic velocity (Vmax) were measured every 4 weeks until delivery from the time of diagnosis of GDM. The pregnancy outcome was obtained from the hospital database. Using linear or quadratic regression, lines of best fit were drawn to compare the Doppler measurements between the two groups with normal and abnormal pregnancy outcomes.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐eight women with known pregnancy outcome completed the study. A total of 305 Doppler examinations were performed with one to four examinations for each woman. Thirty‐eight women (27.5%) had one or more abnormal pregnancy outcomes: placental abruption, pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery, small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) infants, low Apgar scores, neonatal jaundice requiring treatment, sepsis, birth trauma, meconium aspiration syndrome, respiratory and neurological complications. There was extensive overlap of the UA‐PI, MCA‐PI and MCA‐Vmax measurements between the two groups.ConclusionA Doppler study of the UA‐PI, MCA‐PI and MCA‐Vmax was not useful in the prediction of abnormal pregnancy outcome in GDM. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presence of an immunologically‐defined class of peri‐Golgi vesicles in cultured mammalian cells
Authors: Mangeat Paul , Devilliers Ginette , Regaya Faouzi 
Published: August 2004

Summary—Immunsera of mice injected with clathrin‐depleted coated vesicle membranes, purified from rat liver, revealed a preferential labeling of some perinuclear structures by immunofluorescence microscopy on NRK cells. Subsequent production of 4 monoclonal antibodies was achieved. The antigen was strictly located in the Golgi area of the cell but was not an intrinsic element of the Golgi complex. The restricted location of the structures excluded these were lysosomes which appeared more dispersed in these cells. After nocodazole treatment the material was found dispersed in the cytoplasm. This provided a means of distinguishing the antigen from clathrin‐coated structures and Golgi intrinsic elements. Immunolocalization at the electron microscope level confirmed the data obtained at the light level. Some peroxidase reaction product was rarely associated with Golgi elements, but predominantly stained small neighboring Golgi vesicles (50 nm diameter), as well as tubulo‐elongated structures and some large (500 nm) irregular‐shaped vesicles. A 32 kDa molecular weight antigen was characterized by immunopurification from NRK cells metabolically labeled with 35S‐Met. This 32 kDa antigen appeared as part of a higher multimolecular membrane component of 300 kDa. A 170 kDa and a 70 kDa components were immunodetected in a semi‐purified membrane fraction from rat liver, demonstrating that the antigen was a minor but very antigenic contaminant of the coated vesicle preparation used as immunogen. In conclusion, the labeled peri‐Golgi structures may be part of the newly characterized trans‐Golgi network and/or of the reticular/vesicular endosomal, prelysosomal structure recently described.