bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reelin‐immunoreactive neurons, axons, and neuropil in the adult ferret brain: Evidence for axonal secretion of reelin in long axonal pathways
Authors: Martínez‐Cerdeño Verónica , Galazo María J. , Clascá Francisco 
Published: June 2003

AbstractReelin is a large secretable protein which, when developmentally defective, causes the reeler brain malformation in mice and a recessive form of lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia in humans. In addition, Reelin is heavily expressed throughout the adult brain, although its function/s there are still poorly understood. To gain insight into which adult neuronal circuits may be under the influence of Reelin, we systematically mapped Reelin‐immunoreactive neuronal somata, axons, and neuropil in the brain and brainstem of ferrets. Results show that Reelin immunoreactivity is found in widespread but specific sets of neuronal bodies, axonal tracts, and gray matter neuropil regions. Depending on the region, the immunoreactive neuronal somata correspond to interneurons, projection neurons, or both. Some well‐defined axonal projection systems are immunoreactive, whereas most other white matter tracts are unlabeled. The labeled pathways include, among others, the lateral olfactory tract, the entorhinohippocampal (perforant) pathway, the retroflex bundle, and the stria terminalis. Labeled axons in these tracts contain large numbers of discrete, very small, immunoreactive particles, suggestive of secretory vesicles under the light microscope. The neuropil in the terminal arborization fields of these axons is also heavily immunoreactive. Taken together, our observations are consistent with the notion that some neurons may anterogradely transport Reelin along their axons in large membrane‐bound secretory vesicles (Derer et al. [2001] J. Comp. Neurol. 440:136–143) and secrete it into their terminal arborization fields, which may be quite distant from the somata synthesizing the protein. These findings have implications for identifying where Reelin acts in adult brain circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:92–116, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linguistic expressions of picture information considering connections between pictures
Authors: Iwata Mitsura , Onisawa Takehisa 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the construction of a system for generating linguistic expressions explaining circumstances related to people or objects that appear in multiple pictures as a means of modeling one form of human intellectual information processing. This system outputs linguistic expressions explaining the emotions of a human object, positional relationship between objects, apparent behavior of an animate object, or relationships connecting pictures based on objective information such as the facial expression, position, or size of an object. To implement the system, soft computing techniques such as neural networks, fuzzy reasoning, and case‐based reasoning are used. Neural networks are used to recognize the degree of emotion from the facial expression of a human object, and fuzzy reasoning is used to infer the degree to which an animate object can discern another object. Case‐based reasoning is used to explain the apparent behavior of an object and relationships connecting pictures. Fuzzy sets are used to convert the information that is obtained to the linguistic expressions that are output. Finally, the effectiveness of the system was confirmed by using the constructed system to perform simulations and evaluation experiments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(12): 38–53, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10141
Volatile components of Centaurea cineraria L. subsp. umbrosa (Lacaita) Pign. and Centaurea napifolia L. (Asteraceae), two species growing wild in Sicily
Authors: Senatore Felice , Rigano Daniela , De Fusco Raffaele , Bruno Maurizio 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe volatile components of the ﬂowerheads of Centaurea cineraria L. subsp. umbrosa (Lacaita) Pign. and Centaurea napifolia L. were obtained by hydrodistillation and identiﬁed by GC and GC–MS. Altogether 55 components were identiﬁed, mostly sesquiterpenes and hydrocarbons. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The essential oils of Rinorea subintegrifolia O. Ktze and Drypetes gossweileri S. Moore occurring in Gabon
Authors: Agnaniet Huguette , Mounzeo Hortense , Menut Chantal , Bessiere Jean‐Marie , Criton and Marc 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe essential oils from root bark of Rinorea subintegrifolia (Violaceae) and bark of Drypetes gossweileri (Euphorbiaceae) from Gabon were analysed by GC–FID and GC–MS. The oils were characterized by a high percentage of benzyl cyanide and a minor amount of terpenes (<1.5%). The antioxidant and the antiradical activity of both samples were evaluated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compositional analysis of the essential oil of Lallemantia royleana (Benth. in Wall.) Benth. from Iran
Authors: Ghannadi Alireza , Zolfaghari Behzad 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWater‐distilled essential oil from aerial parts of Lallemantia royleana (Benth. in Wall.) Benth., grown in Isfahan Province, Iran, was analysed by GC and GC–MS. Forty‐six compounds, constituting 94.5% of the total components detected, were identiﬁed. Among them, verbenone (16.4%) and trans‐carveol (9.8%) were the major components of the oil, which was obtained in 0.1% yield. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation between brain activation and lexical performance
Authors: Booth James R. , Burman Douglas D. , Meyer Joel R. , Gitelman Darren R. , Parrish Todd B. , Mesulam M. Marsel 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to determine whether performance on lexical tasks was correlated with cerebral activation patterns. We found that such relationships did exist and that their anatomical distribution reflected the neurocognitive processing routes required by the task. Better performance on intramodal tasks (determining if visual words were spelled the same or if auditory words rhymed) was correlated with more activation in unimodal regions corresponding to the modality of sensory input, namely the fusiform gyrus (BA 37) for written words and the superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) for spoken words. Better performance in tasks requiring cross‐modal conversions (determining if auditory words were spelled the same or if visual words rhymed), on the other hand, was correlated with more activation in posterior heteromodal regions, including the supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) and the angular gyrus (BA 39). Better performance in these cross‐modal tasks was also correlated with greater activation in unimodal regions corresponding to the target modality of the conversion process (i.e., fusiform gyrus for auditory spelling and superior temporal gyrus for visual rhyming). In contrast, performance on the auditory spelling task was inversely correlated with activation in the superior temporal gyrus possibly reflecting a greater emphasis on the properties of the perceptual input rather than on the relevant transmodal conversions. Hum. Brain Mapping 19:155–169, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phonological short‐term memory networks following recovery from Landau and Kleffner syndrome
Authors: Majerus Steve , Laureys Steven , Collette Fabienne , Del Fiore Guy , Degueldre Christian , Luxen André , Van der Linden Martial , Maquet Pierre , Metz‐Lutz Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: June 2003

AbstractLandau‐Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a rare acquired aphasia occurring in otherwise healthy children, together with spike‐wave discharges predominating over superior temporal regions and activated by sleep. Although the outcome of language abilities is variable, a residual impairment in verbal short‐term memory (STM) is frequent. This STM deficit might be related to the persistent dysfunction of those temporal lobe regions where epileptic discharges were observed during the active phase of the disorder. We tested this hypothesis by measuring brain activation during immediate serial recall of lists of 4 words, compared to single word repetition, using H215O positron emission tomography (PET), in 3 LKS patients after recovery and in 14 healthy controls. The patients (TG, JPH, and DC) had shown abnormally increased or decreased glucose metabolism in left or right superior temporal gyrus (STG) at different stages during the active phase of their disease. At the time of this study, the patients were 6–10 years from the active phase of LKS. Results showed that Patients JPH and DC had impaired performance in the STM condition, whereas TG showed near normal performance. PET data showed that JPH and DC activated significantly less than controls left and right posterior STG. TG, having near normal STM performance, showed increased activity in the posterior part of the right STG. These data suggest that impaired verbal STM at late outcome of LKS might indeed be related to a persistent decrease of activity in those posterior superior temporal gyri that were involved in the epileptic focus during the active phase. Hum. Brain Mapping 19:133–144, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human‐derived vascular smooth muscle cells produce angiotensin II by changing to the synthetic phenotype
Authors: Hu Wen‐Yang , Fukuda Noboru , Ikeda Yukihiro , Suzuki Ryo , Tahira Yosiko , Takagi Hiroto , Matsumoto Koichi , Kanmatsuse Katsuo , Mugishima Hideo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe investigated whether vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)‐derived from human produce angiotensin (Ang) II upon change from the contractile phenotype to the synthetic phenotype by incubation with fibronectin (FN). Expression of α‐smooth muscle (SM) actin, apparent in the contractile phenotype, was decreased by FN. Expressions of matrix Gla and osteopontin, apparent in the synthetic phenotype, were increased by FN. Ang II measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) was significantly increased in human VSMC by FN. Expression of mRNAs for Ang II‐generating proteases cathepsin D, cathepsin G, ACE, and chymase was increased by FN. Expressions of cathepsin D and cathepsin G proteins were also increased by FN. Ang I‐generating activity, which was inhibited by an aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin A, was readily detected in the conditioned medium from human VSMC. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that hybridize with cathepsin D and cathepsin G significantly inhibited FN‐increased Ang II in conditioned medium and cell extracts. In VSMC conditioned medium, FN‐induced elevation of Ang II was significantly inhibited by temocapril but not by chymostatin. Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist CV11974 completely, and antisense cathepsin D and cathepsin G ODNs partially inhibited the FN‐stimulated growth of human VSMC. These results indicate that the change of homogeneous cultures of human VSMC from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype sequentially increases expression of proteases cathepsin D, cathepsin G, and ACE, production of Ang II and productions of growth factors, culminating in VSMC proliferation. These findings implicate a new mechanism for the pathogenesis of human vascular proliferative diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 284–292, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiotensin II activates extracellular signal regulated kinases via protein kinase C and epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer cells
Authors: Greco S. , Muscella A. , Elia M.G. , Salvatore P. , Storelli C. , Mazzotta A. , Manca C. , Marsigliante S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAngiotensin II (Ang II) induces, through AT1, intracellular Ca2+ increase in both normal and cancerous breast cells in primary culture (Greco et al., 2002 Cell Calcium 2:1–10). We here show that Ang II stimulated, in a dose‐dependent manner, the 24 h‐proliferation of breast cancer cells in primary culture, induced translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)‐α, ‐β1/2, and δ (but not ‐ε, ‐η, ‐θ, ‐ζ, and ‐ι), and phosphorylated extracellular‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). The proliferative effects of Ang II were blocked by the AT1 antagonist, losartan. Also epidermal growth factor (EGF) had mitogenic effects on serum‐starved breast cancer cells since induced cell proliferation after 24 h and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The Ang II‐induced proliferation of breast cancer cells was reduced by (a) Gö6976, an inhibitor of conventional PKC‐α and ‐β1, (b) AG1478, an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase of the EGF receptor (EGFR), and (c) downregulation of 1,2‐diacylglycerol‐sensitive PKCs achieved by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). A complete inhibition of the Ang II‐induced cell proliferation was achieved using the inhibitor of the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK or MEK), PD098059, or using Gö6976 together with AG1478. These results indicate that in human primary cultured breast cancer cells AT1 regulates mitogenic signaling pathways by two simultaneous mechanisms, one involving conventional PKCs and the other EGFR transactivation. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 370–377, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folate uptake in the human intestine: Promoter activity and effect of folate deficiency
Authors: Subramanian Veedamali S. , Chatterjee Nabendu , Said Hamid M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe intestinal folate absorption process occurs via a specialized mechanism that involves the reduced folate carrier (RFC). In humans, multiple variants of the hRFC (driven by multiple promoters) have been identified with variant I being the prominent form expressed in the intestine. While it is known that promoter B (pB) of hRFC drives the expression of this variant, little is known about the minimal region required for basal activity of this promoter in human intestinal epithelial cells. Also not known is whether folate absorption in the human intestine is up‐regulated during folate deficiency (as occur in animal studies), and if so, whether transcriptional mechanisms via activation of hRFC pB are involved in such regulation. To address these issues, we have used deletion constructs of the hRFC pB and determined their activity in two human intestinal epithelial cell lines: the colon‐derived Caco‐2 cells, and the duodenum‐derived HuTu‐80 cells. Our results showed that activity of hRFC pB to be significantly higher in Caco‐2 cells compared to HuTu‐80 cells, a finding that corresponds with a higher level of folate uptake and endogenous hRFC mRNA levels in the former compared to the latter cell type. The minimal region required for basal activity of hRFC pB in Caco‐2 cells was found to be encoded in a sequence between −1088 and −1043, while in HuTu‐80 cells it was encoded in a sequence between −1431 and −1088. Growing Caco‐2 cells in a folate deficient medium led to a significant and specific up‐regulation in folate uptake. This up‐regulation was associated with a parallel increase in hRFC protein and mRNA levels, and in the activity of hRFC pB. The most responsive sequence of pB to the effect of folate deficiency was found to be encoded in a sequence between −2016 and −1431, i.e., outside the minimal region of the pB. These results show that different minimal regions for hRFC pB are utilized by different intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, folate‐deficiency was found to up‐regulate folate uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells and that this regulation involves activation of hRFC pB. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 403–408, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotype modulation in cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells from diabetic rats: Association with increased nitric oxide synthase expression and superoxide anion generation
Authors: Pandolfi Assunta , Grilli Alfredo , Cilli Carlo , Patruno Antonia , Giaccari Andrea , Di Silvestre Sara , De Lutiis Maria Anna , Pellegrini Giuliana , Capani Fabio , Consoli Agostino , Felaco Mario 
Published: June 2003

AbstractProliferative modification of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) and impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) have both been proposed among the mechanisms linking diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, diabetes induced modifications in phenotype and nitric oxide synthase(s) (NOS) expression and activity in vSMC have not been fully characterized. In this study, cell morphology, proliferative response to serum, alpha‐SMactin levels, eNOS expression and activity, cGMP intracellular content, and superoxide anion release were measured in cultures of vSMC obtained from aorta medial layer of ten diabetic (90% pancreatectomy, DR) and ten control (sham surgery, CR) rats. Vascular SMC from DR showed a less evident “hill and valley” culture morphology, increased growth response to serum, greater saturation density, and lower levels of α‐SMactin. In the same cells, as compared to CR cells, eNOS mRNA levels and NOS activity were increased, while intracellular cGMP level was lower and superoxide anion production was significantly greater. These data indicate that chronic hyperglycemia might induce, in the vascular wall, an increased number of vSMC proliferative clones which persist in culture and are associated with increased eNOS expression and activity. However, upregulation of eNOS and increased NO synthesis occur in the presence of a marked concomitant increase of O2− production. Since NO bioavailabilty, as reflected by cGMP levels, was not increased in DR cells, it is tempting to hypothesize that the proliferative phenotype observed in DR cells is associated with a redox imbalance responsible quenching and/or trapping of NO, with the consequent loss of its biological activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 378–385, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonsurgical diagnosis and management of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen in a child
Authors: Yesildag Ebru , Sarimurat Nuvit , Ince Umit , Numan Firuzan , Buyukunal Cenk 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPrimary splenic tumors in children are rare and usually benign. We report the case of a 7‐year‐old boy with a splenic mass that initially resembled an infectious process. Histopathologic examination of a specimen obtained using sonographically guided Tru‐cut needle biopsy, performed after angiography, revealed an inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen, an extremely rare benign lesion. The lesion has been managed conservatively with clinical and sonographic follow‐up. This case shows that benign lesions of the spleen can easily be diagnosed using current radiologic and histopathologic techniques without the need for surgery, thus allowing total or even partial splenectomy to be reserved for patients in whom a mass cannot be diagnosed or in whom clinical progression is evident. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:335–338, 2003
Enlarged fetal bladder: Differential diagnosis and outcomes
Authors: Pinette Michael G. , Blackstone Jacquelyn , Wax Joseph R. , Cartin Angelina 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe sonographic finding of an enlarged fetal bladder may simply be a transitory normal variant, but it may also be secondary to reflux or to obstructive, neurogenic, or myopathic causes. In this report, we describe the cases of 3 fetuses with an enlarged bladder, each of which had a different cause. The first fetus had posterior urethral valve obstruction, the second, a ruptured neurogenic bladder, and the third, megacystic‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. When sonographic examination reveals an enlarged fetal bladder, the ureter, kidneys, genitalia, and spine should be evaluated carefully. Although sonography is good at identifying urinary tract abnormalities, it often cannot provide the specific diagnosis or cause. We recommend frequent sonographic monitoring to evaluate such fetuses for persistence of or changes in bladder enlargement and for changes in the volume of amniotic fluid because these signs may be indicators of abnormalities of renal function and risk factors for a poor prognosis. Analysis of fetal electrolyte levels can also aid in determining the prognosis and whether the condition is amenable to therapeutic intervention. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:328–334, 2003
Quantitative assessment of fetal bowel echogenicity: Comparison of harmonic, compound, and fundamental sonographic images
Authors: Lee Hak Jong , Cho Jeong Yeon 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to assess normal fetal bowel echogenicity quantitatively and to compare the levels of bowel echogenicity observed with the use of 3 different sonographic image‐processing techniques—harmonic plus compound imaging, harmonic imaging alone, and fundamental imaging—and 2 different broadband transducers.MethodsWomen with normal singleton second‐trimester fetuses underwent sonographic scanning with both a 2–5‐MHz and a 4–7‐MHz transducer. The use of the 3 imaging techniques and the 2 transducers resulted in 6 types of images: 2–5‐HC (harmonic plus compound images), 2–5‐H (harmonic images), and 2–5‐F (fundamental images), and 4–7‐HC, 4–7‐H, and 4–7‐F images. The relative echogenicities (brightness) of the fetal bowel and iliac bone were measured, and bowel echogenicity ratios (bowel echogenicity/iliac bone echogenicity × 100) were calculated using graphics software. The resulting data were analyzed to evaluate differences in echogenicity ratios between the 6 types of images.ResultsWe examined 37 fetuses during the study period. The bowel echogenicity ratios were highest on the images obtained with harmonic and compound—imaging techniques (2–5‐HC, 84.7 ± 23.4%; 4–7‐HC, 98.5 ± 36.4%). The bowel echogenicity ratio for the 2–5‐HC images was significantly higher than those for the 2–5‐H and the 2–5‐F images (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), and those for the 4–7‐HC and 4–7‐H images were higher than that for the 4–7‐F images (p < 0.01 for both comparisons).ConclusionsA sonographic finding of echogenic fetal bowel should be interpreted cautiously because the use of special image‐processing techniques can artificially enhance the apparent level of echogenicity of the bowel. We recommend rescanning without the use of those techniques if the fetal bowel appears to have an increased level of echogenicity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:302–307, 2003
Color Doppler sonography of orbital and vertebral arteries in migraineurs without aura
Authors: Kara Simay Altan , Erdemoğlu A. Kemal , Karadeniz M. Yasemin , Altınok Deniz 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate whether the retrobulbar hemodynamics in the ophthalmic (OA), posterior ciliary (PCA), central retinal (CRA), and vertebral (VA) arteries are affected in migraineurs without aura.MethodsThe eyes of migraineurs without aura and those of healthy control subjects were evaluated during both headache and headache‐free periods. Retrobulbar and vertebral blood flow velocities in the OA, PCA, CRA, and the extracranial part of the VA were measured bilaterally using color Doppler sonography. The peak systolic and end‐diastolic flow velocities and the pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices were determined for all arteries.ResultsIn total, we enrolled 30 migraineurs and 31 healthy control subjects. Statistically significant differences between headache‐free migraineurs and control subjects were observed in the PI and RI of both right and left PCAs and in the RI of both right and left CRAs. The PI and RI of the left VA of the migraineurs were significantly lower during both headache and headache‐free periods than were those of the control subjects. Among the migraineurs, the peak systolic and end‐diastolic velocities of the left VA were increased during headache periods relative to those found during the headache‐free periods.ConclusionsThe retrobulbar circulation and flow hemodynamics in the left VA may be altered in both headache and headache‐free periods in migraineurs without aura. The differences found between migraineurs and control subjects may implicate autonomic dysfunction in migraineurs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:308–314, 2003