bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of industrial production technology with determination of the quality of a soft medicine «Vetmikoderm» for veterinary
Authors: Оглоблiна М. В. , Бушуєва I. В. , Мартинишин В. П. , Парченко В. В. , Соловйов С. О. , Гладишева С. А. 
Published: January 2024

It is well known, that 1,2,4–triazole derivatives have a wide range of biological properties, showing little toxicity. Original modeling of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives allows obtaining new molecules with unique properties. Such purposeful changes in molecules are popular among many scientists because they make it possible to obtain compounds with «improved» properties. Such a compound was the substance (4-((5-(decylthio)-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-methyl)morpholine with the prospect of creating a mild medicinal product – liniment «Vetmikoderm».
The main advantage of these medicinal forms is a low traumatic effect on damaged tissue, creating maximum contact with the wound surface, etc. It has been proven, that the antimicrobial agents available on the veterinary drugs’ market, including those ones in the form of ointments, gels and liniments, are characterized by the fact that they do not always stimulate tissue regeneration processes. Medicines with the ability to improve wound healing, as a rule, have minor antiseptic properties. Under these circumstances, the search, development and introduction of the medicines that have antimicrobial and antifungal action is an extremely urgent issue of modern veterinary medicine.
The aim of our research was to study the technological aspects and manufacturing features, the substantiation of the composition, the analysis of the soft medicinal form of the drug «Vetmikoderm».
During the research, the appearance, transparency, and thickness of the drug were determined. APHI identification was carried out with the determination of its content by the gas chromatography’s method. The external standard method was used. Microbiological purity (bacteria, yeast and mold fungi (in total), the presence of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was determined in accordance with the requirements of the SPHU by the membrane filtration method. Sterile soy–casein agar was used to determine the total number of aerobic bacteria. Determination of harmlessness was carried out according to the «abnormal toxicity» indicator.
On the basis of the conducted research, the technological aspects and manufacturing features, substantiation of the composition, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the «Vetmikoderm» liniment were determined, which ensures the possibility of the medicinal form’s obtaining in industrial conditions. The proposed methods of the medicinal form’s analysis are characterized by sensitivity and reproducibility.
CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL VALUES OF EDUCATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Authors: Roganova Мaryna , Rashydov Seifulla , Rashуdova Svitlana 
Published: January 2024

The article reveals the problem of preparing future teachers from the standpoint of axiological and humanistic approaches, which define education as an effective means of reviving national culture helping to foster socialization, self-organization, and personal responsibility; to lay the basics for would-be teachers to become guarantors of the civil world; to restore morality, social protection, and childhood protection; to show the way of becoming an open and democratic society. The areas of improvement of higher pedagogical education in the context of cultural and spiritual values of education are identified, which also include the education of a humanist teacher, professional, researcher, a citizen capable of effectively solving the tasks of teaching and educating schoolchildren in all areas of the educational system. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, the educational functions of pedagogical education and raising the status of education are determined. They include mastering the values of moral, civic, and spiritual culture of society and humanity, developing one's own attitude toward them; developing a value-meaningful attitude toward the teaching profession, and the actualization of the need to create oneself as a teacher and as a person; mastering pedagogical values, ideas as a part of humanitarian culture and universal human values and formation of a pedagogical worldview; forming civic positions of the individual, experience of protecting one's rights and compliance with the laws of a democratic society; developing intellectual and personal potential of students, their abilities and interests; developing spiritual and moral freedom of the individual, the ability to build one's life according to the laws of humanity.
It is concluded that the cultural and spiritual values of the teacher, which act as mechanisms of education, define a humanistic position towards children, a positive attitude towards pedagogical activity, the need for personal and professional self-realization, spiritual and moral needs (the search for the meaning of life, mercy, the ability to help people), and the ability to work in dialogue forms.
Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation to Induce Post-Roll Illusion in a Fixed-Base Flight Simulator
Authors: Houben Mark M. J. , Stuldreher Ivo V. , Forbes Patrick A. , Groen Eric L. 
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: The illusions of head motion induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be used to compromise flight performance of pilots in fixed-base simulators. However, the stimuli used in the majority of studies fail to mimic disorientation in realistic flight because they are independent from the simulated aircraft motion. This study investigated the potential of bilateral-bipolar GVS coupled to aircraft roll in a fixed-base simulator to mimic vestibular spatial disorientation illusions, specifically the “post-roll illusion” observed during flight.
METHODS: There were 14 nonpilot subjects exposed to roll stimuli in a flight simulator operating in a fixed-base mode. GVS was delivered via carbon rubber electrodes on the mastoid processes. The electrical stimulus was driven by the high-pass filtered aircraft roll rate to mimic the semicircular canals’ physiological response. The post-roll test scenarios excluded outside visual cues or instruments and required subjects to actively maintain a constant bank angle after an abrupt stop following a passive prolonged roll maneuver. The anticipated outcome was an overshot in roll elicited by the GVS signal.
RESULTS: The responses across subjects showed large variability, with less than a third aligning with the post-roll illusion. Subjective ratings suggest that the high-pass filtered GVS stimuli were mild and did not induce a clear sense of roll direction. However, uncontrolled head movements during stimulation might have obscured the intended effects of GVS-evoked illusory head movements.
CONCLUSION: The mild and transient GVS stimuli used in this study, together with the uncontrolled head movements, did not convincingly mimic the post-roll illusion.
Houben MMJ, Stuldreher IV, Forbes PA, Groen EL. Using galvanic vestibular stimulation to induce post-roll illusion in a fixed-base flight simulator. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(2):84–92.
The exploration of online academic help-seeking behavior of first-generation college students in developing countries: evidence from China
Authors: Yuying Fan , Nkansah Jacob Oppong 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionWith the continuous expansion of higher education globally, the number of first-generation college students (FGCS) is also increasing, particularly in developing countries where FGCS account for more than half of all college students.MethodsThis qualitative study explores the experience of Chinese FGCS in online academic help-seeking (OAHS) behavior through semi-structured interviews. The narratives from fifty-eight participants expand the understanding of how FGCS use the Internet to seek academic help when their family cultural capital is insufficient, and also present the role of family in this process.ResultsThree themes are found. First, FGCS prefer one-way help-seeking compared to interactive help-seeking. This situation is consistent with FGCS’ choice in traditional contexts. Second, the Internet is used by FGCS most of the time to address specific issues without assisting them in academic self-growth effectively. Third, FGCS crave more spiritual support and encouragement from families.DiscussionBased on the theories of cultural capital and cultural mismatch, the findings reveal the cultural mismatch and behavioral characteristics of OAHS in the Chinese context, giving implications for university practitioners to provide targeted assistance and training to FGCS.
Prescription trend and lactic acidosis in patients prescribed metformin before and after the revision of package insert for allowing metformin administration to patients with moderately decreased kidney function based on real-world data from MID-NET® in Japan
Authors: Waki Takashi , Okada Yusuke , Kinoshita Yuki , Kajiyama Kazuhiro , Ishiguro Chieko , Nakazato Yuki , Kimura Ryota , Maniwa Harumi , Horiuchi Naoya , Iguchi Toyotaka , Uyama Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThis study was conducted to understand the impact of package insert (PI) revision in Japan on 18 June 2019 to allow metformin use for patients with moderately decreased kidney function (30 ≤ estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2).MethodsA new user cohort design was employed to examine the prescription trend and the occurrence of lactic acidosis in patients prescribed metformin before and after PI revision using the Medical Information Database Network (MID-NET®).ResultsFrom 12 May 2016 to 31 March 2020, 5,874 patients (before, n = 4,702; after, n = 1,172) were identified as new metformin users, including 1,145 patients (before, n = 914; after, n = 231) with moderately decreased kidney function. Although no marked changes in metformin prescription were observed before and after PI revision, the daily metformin dose at the first prescription decreased after PI revision. For both before and after PI revision, less than 10 cases of lactic acidosis occurred in all patients prescribed metformin, and no lactic acidosis was observed in patients with moderately decreased kidney function.ConclusionThe results of this study are useful for understanding the safety of metformin use in patients with decreased kidney function and suggest no worse impacts of PI revision in Japan, indicating no further safety concerns on metformin use in patients with moderately decreased kidney function under the situation with careful use and safety monitoring of metformin.
Multimodal prevention of emergence cough following nasal endoscopic surgery under general anesthesia: a double-blind randomized trial
Authors: Xu Jing , Sun Pei , Ma Jia-Hui , Wang Dong-Xin 
Published: January 2024

PurposeCough during emergence from anesthesia is a common problem and may cause adverse events. Monotherapy faces uncertainty in preventing emergence cough due to individual differences. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multimodal intervention for preventing emergence cough in patients following nasal endoscopic surgery.MethodsIn this double-blind randomized trial, 150 adult patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery were randomly allocated into three groups. For the control group (n = 50), anesthesia was performed according to clinical routine, no intervention was provided. For the double intervention group (n = 50), normal saline 3 mL was sprayed endotracheally before intubation, 0.4 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was infused over 10 min after intubation, and target-controlled remifentanil infusion was maintained at an effect-site concentration of 1.5 ng/mL before extubation after surgery. For the multimodal intervention group (n = 50), 0.5% ropivacaine 3 mL was sprayed endotracheally before intubation, dexmedetomidine and remifentanil were administered as those in the double intervention group. The primary endpoint was the incidence of emergence cough, defined as single cough or more from end of surgery to 5 min after extubation.ResultsThe incidences of emergence cough were 98% (49/50) in the control group, 90% (45/50) in the double group, and 70% (35/50) in the multimodal group, respectively. The incidence was significantly lower in the multimodal group than those in the control (relative risk 0.71; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.86; p &lt; 0.001) and double (relative risk 0.78; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.95; p = 0.012) groups; the difference between the double and control groups was not statistically significant (relative risk 0.92; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.02; p = 0.20). The severity of sore throat was significantly lower in the multimodal group than that in the control group (median difference-1; 95% CI −2 to 0; p = 0.016). Adverse events did not differ among the three groups.ConclusionFor adult patients undergoing endonasal surgery, multimodal intervention including ropivacaine topical anesthesia before intubation, dexmedetomidine administration after intubation, and remifentanil infusion before extubation after surgery significantly reduced emergence cough and was safe.
Exploring the complexity of commonly held attitudes and beliefs of low back pain—a network analysis
Authors: Liew Bernard X. W. , Darlow Ben 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThe current study used a network analysis approach to explore the complexity of attitudes and beliefs held in people with and without low back pain (LBP). The study aimed to (1) quantify the adjusted associations between individual items of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ), and (2) identify the items with the strongest connectivity within the network.MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis of a previously published survey using the Back-PAQ (n = 602). A nonparametric Spearman’s rank correlation matrix was used as input to the network analysis. We estimated an unregularised graphical Gaussian model (GGM). Edges were added or removed in a stepwise manner until the extended Bayesian information criterion (EBIC) did not improve. We assessed three measures of centrality measures of betweenness, closeness, and strength.ResultsThe two pairwise associations with the greatest magnitude of correlation were between Q30–Q31 [0.54 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.60)] and Q15–Q16 [0.52 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.61)]. These two relationships related to the association between items exploring the influence of attentional focus and expectations (Q30–Q31), and feelings and stress (Q15–Q16). The three items with the greatest average centrality values, were Q22, Q25, and Q10. These items reflect beliefs about damaging the back, exercise, and activity avoidance, respectively.ConclusionBeliefs about back damage, exercise, and activity avoidance are factors most connected to all other beliefs within the network. These three factors may represent candidate targets that clinicians can focus their counseling efforts on to manage unhelpful attitudes and beliefs in people experiencing LBP.
Effect of 15 days −6° head-down bed rest on microbial communities of supragingival plaque in young men
Authors: Zhu Di , Qiao Pengyan , Zhou Qian , Sun Hui , Xin Bingmu , Wu Bin , Tang Chuhua 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe microgravity environment astronauts experience during spaceflight can lead to an increased risk of oral diseases and possible changes in oral microecology. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in the microbial community of supragingival plaques to explore the effects of spaceflight microgravity environment on oral microecology.MethodsSixteen healthy male volunteers were recruited, and supragingival plaque samples were collected under −6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) at five-time points: day 1 before HDBR; days 5, 10, and 15 of HDBR; and day 6 of recovery. Bacterial genomic DNA was sequenced using gene sequencing technology with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid V3–V4 hypervariable region amplification and the obtained data were analyzed bioinformatically.ResultsAlpha diversity analysis showed a significant increase in species richness in supragingival plaque samples on day 15 of HDBR compared with that at pre-HDBR. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the community composition differed among the groups. Species distribution showed that, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundances of Corynebacterium and Aggregatibacter increased significantly during HDBR, while those of Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Lautropia decreased significantly. Moreover, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundance of Leptotrichia increased significantly on day 6 of recovery, whereas the relative abundances of Porphyromonas and Streptococcus decreased significantly. Network analysis showed that the interaction relationship between the dominant genera became simpler during HDBR, and the positive and negative correlations between them showed dynamic changes. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis showed that the amino acid metabolism function of plaque microorganisms was more enriched during HDBR.DiscussionIn summary, in a 15-day simulated microgravity environment, the diversity, species distribution, interaction relationship, and metabolic function of the supragingival plaque microbial community changed, which suggests that microgravity may affect the oral microecosystem by changing the balance of supragingival plaque microbial communities and further leading to the occurrence and development of oral diseases.
Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation for improving postoperative quality of recovery in elderly patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty: a randomized controlled substudy
Authors: Tao Mingshu , Yang Jie , Liu Rongguang , Zhang Song , Han Yuan , Li Chunyan , Wei Qi , Chen Dexian , Fang Jiaxing , Zhang Hongxing , Wang Yuwei , Liu He , Cao Jun-Li 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated improvements in motor, behavioral, and emotional areas following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), but no published studies have reported the efficacy of tDCS on postoperative recovery quality in patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty. We hypothesized that tDCS might improve postoperative recovery quality in elderly patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty.MethodsNinety-six patients (≥65 years) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were randomized to receive 2 mA tDCS for 20 min active-tDCS or sham-tDCS. The primary outcome was the 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) score on postoperative day one (Т2). Secondary outcomes included the QoR-15 scores at the 2nd hour (T1), the 1st month (Т3), and the 3rd month (Т4) postoperatively, numeric rating scale scores, and fatigue severity scale scores.ResultsNinety-six elderly patients (mean age, 71 years; 68.7% woman) were analyzed. Higher QoR-15 scores were found in the active-tDCS group at T2 (123.0 [114.3, 127.0] vs. 109.0 [99.3, 115.3]; median difference, 13.0; 95% CI, 8.0 to 17.0; p &lt; 0.001). QoR-15 scores in the active-tDCS group were higher at T1 (p &lt; 0.001), T3 (p = 0.001), and T4 (p = 0.001). The pain scores in the active-tDCS group were lower (p &lt; 0.001 at motion; p &lt; 0.001 at rest). The fatigue degree scores were lower in the active-tDCS group at T1 and T2 (p &lt; 0.001 for each).ConclusiontDCS may help improve the quality of early recovery in elderly patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty.Clinical trial registrationThe trial was registered at the China Clinical Trial Center (ChiCTR2200057777, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=162744).
Levetiracetam modulates brain metabolic networks and transcriptomic signatures in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Burton Charles P. , Chumin Evgeny J. , Collins Alyssa Y. , Persohn Scott A. , Onos Kristen D. , Pandey Ravi S. , Quinney Sara K. , Territo Paul R. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionSubcritical epileptiform activity is associated with impaired cognitive function and is commonly seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The anti-convulsant, levetiracetam (LEV), is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for its ability to reduce epileptiform activity and improve cognitive function in AD. The purpose of the current study was to apply pharmacokinetics (PK), network analysis of medical imaging, gene transcriptomics, and PK/PD modeling to a cohort of amyloidogenic mice to establish how LEV restores or drives alterations in the brain networks of mice in a dose-dependent basis using the rigorous preclinical pipeline of the MODEL-AD Preclinical Testing Core.MethodsChronic LEV was administered to 5XFAD mice of both sexes for 3 months based on allometrically scaled clinical dose levels from PK models. Data collection and analysis consisted of a multi-modal approach utilizing 18F-FDG PET/MRI imaging and analysis, transcriptomic analyses, and PK/PD modeling.ResultsPharmacokinetics of LEV showed a sex and dose dependence in Cmax, CL/F, and AUC0-∞, with simulations used to estimate dose regimens. Chronic dosing at 10, 30, and 56 mg/kg, showed 18F-FDG specific regional differences in brain uptake, and in whole brain covariance measures such as clustering coefficient, degree, network density, and connection strength (i.e., positive and negative). In addition, transcriptomic analysis via nanoString showed dose-dependent changes in gene expression in pathways consistent 18F-FDG uptake and network changes, and PK/PD modeling showed a concentration dependence for key genes, but not for network covariance modeling.DiscussionThis study represents the first report detailing the relationships of metabolic covariance and transcriptomic network changes resulting from LEV administration in 5XFAD mice. Overall, our results highlight non-linear kinetics based on dose and sex, where gene expression analysis demonstrated LEV dose- and concentration-dependent changes, along with cerebral metabolism, and/or cerebral homeostatic mechanisms relevant to human AD, which aligned closely with network covariance analysis of 18F-FDG images. Collectively, this study show cases the value of a multimodal connectomic, transcriptomic, and pharmacokinetic approach to further investigate dose dependent relationships in preclinical studies, with translational value toward informing clinical study design.