bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rubin Observatory LSST Transients and Variable Stars Roadmap
Authors: Hambleton Kelly M. , Bianco Federica B. , Street Rachel , Bell Keaton , Buckley David , Graham Melissa , Hernitschek Nina , Lund Michael B. , Mason Elena , Pepper Joshua , Prša Andrej , Rabus Markus , Raiteri Claudia M. , Szabó Róbert , Szkody Paula , Andreoni Igor , Antoniucci Simone , Balmaverde Barbara , Bellm Eric , Bonito Rosaria , Bono Giuseppe , Botticella Maria Teresa , Brocato Enzo , Bučar Bricman Katja , Cappellaro Enrico , Carnerero Maria Isabel , Chornock Ryan , Clarke Riley , Cowperthwaite Phil , Cucchiara Antonino , D’Ammando Filippo , Dage Kristen C. , Dall’Ora Massimo , Davenport James R. A. , de Martino Domitilla , de Somma Giulia , Di Criscienzo Marcella , Di Stefano Rosanne , Drout Maria , Fabrizio Michele , Fiorentino Giuliana , Gandhi Poshak , Garofalo Alessia , Giannini Teresa , Gomboc Andreja , Greggio Laura , Hartigan Patrick , Hundertmark Markus , Johnson Elizabeth , Johnson Michael , Jurkic Tomislav , Khakpash Somayeh , Leccia Silvio , Li Xiaolong , Magurno Davide , Malanchev Konstantin , Marconi Marcella , Margutti Raffaella , Marinoni Silvia , Mauron Nicolas , Molinaro Roberto , Möller Anais , Moniez Marc , Muraveva Tatiana , Musella Ilaria , Ngeow Chow-Choong , Pastorello Andrea , Petrecca Vincenzo , Piranomonte Silvia , Ragosta Fabio , Reguitti Andrea , Righi Chiara , Ripepi Vincenzo , Rivera Sandoval Liliana , Stassun Keivan G. , Stroh Michael , Terreran Giacomo , Trimble Virginia , Tsapras Yiannis , van Velzen Sjoert , Venuti Laura , Vink Jorick S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) holds the potential to revolutionize time domain astrophysics, reaching completely unexplored areas of the Universe and mapping variability time scales from minutes to a decade. To prepare to maximize the potential of the Rubin LSST data for the exploration of the transient and variable Universe, one of the four pillars of Rubin LSST science, the Transient and Variable Stars Science Collaboration, one of the eight Rubin LSST Science Collaborations, has identified research areas of interest and requirements, and paths to enable them. While our roadmap is ever-evolving, this document represents a snapshot of our plans and preparatory work in the final years and months leading up to the survey’s first light.
Diagnostic significance of blood lymphocyte activation markers in pre-eclampsia
Authors: Kurmanova Almagul , Urazbayeva Gulfairuz , Terlikbayeva Aigul , Salimbaeva Damilya , Ayazbekov Ardak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The adaptive and innate immune system is important in both initiating and preventing functional disorders during pregnancy, one of which is pre-eclampsia. The research aims to conduct the comparative quantification of selected subpopulations of peripheral blood immunoregulatory cells in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia in the third trimester. The marker receptors CD4, CD8, CD95, CD25, and CD27 and the marker antigen HLA-DR were considered. The screening was performed by flow cytometry with dual phenotyping using phycoerythrin- and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Data processing consisted in calculating a likelihood value to assess the statistical significance of the difference between the samples. A statistically significant decrease in the subpopulation titer of T and B lymphocytes with marker receptors CD4, CD8, and CD19 was found in pre-eclampsia patients. In the CD4 carrier T-lymphocyte population, there was an increased expression of the CD25/CD95 activation and apoptosis markers. In the CD8 T-killer population, a decreased representation of the CD27/CD25/CD95 markers of differentiation, activation, and apoptosis was deterministic. The expression pattern of the major histocompatibility complex antigen HLA-DR did not change significantly in normality and pathology. The titer of peripheral natural killer cells carrying the CD56 marker increased in patients with various degrees of disease severity, while the number of CD16 natural killer remained at the level of the control group. The research results suggest that a change in the ratio of the above receptors is a diagnostic indicator for pre-eclampsia.
epialleleR: an R/Bioconductor package for sensitive allele-specific methylation analysis in NGS data
Authors: Nikolaienko Oleksii , Lønning Per Eystein , Knappskog Stian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Low-level mosaic epimutations within the BRCA1 gene promoter occur in 5–8% of healthy individuals and are associated with a significantly elevated risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Similar events may also affect other tumor suppressor genes, potentially being a significant contributor to cancer burden. While this opens a new area for translational research, detection of low-level mosaic epigenetic events requires highly sensitive and robust methodology for methylation analysis. We here present epialleleR, a computational framework for sensitive detection, quantification, and visualization of mosaic epimutations in methylation sequencing data. Analyzing simulated and real data sets, we provide in-depth assessments of epialleleR performance and show that linkage to epihaplotype data is necessary to detect low-level methylation events. The epialleleR is freely available at https://github.com/BBCG/epialleleR and https://bioconductor.org/packages/epialleleR/ as an open-source R/Bioconductor package.
Finding haplotypic signatures in proteins
Authors: Vašíček Jakub , Skiadopoulou Dafni , Kuznetsova Ksenia G , Wen Bo , Johansson Stefan , Njølstad Pål R , Bruckner Stefan , Käll Lukas , Vaudel Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The nonrandom distribution of alleles of common genomic variants produces haplotypes, which are fundamental in medical and population genetic studies. Consequently, protein-coding genes with different co-occurring sets of alleles can encode different amino acid sequences: protein haplotypes. These protein haplotypes are present in biological samples and detectable by mass spectrometry, but they are not accounted for in proteomic searches. Consequently, the impact of haplotypic variation on the results of proteomic searches and the discoverability of peptides specific to haplotypes remain unknown.

Findings
Here, we study how common genetic haplotypes influence the proteomic search space and investigate the possibility to match peptides containing multiple amino acid substitutions to a publicly available data set of mass spectra. We found that for 12.42% of the discoverable amino acid substitutions encoded by common haplotypes, 2 or more substitutions may co-occur in the same peptide after tryptic digestion of the protein haplotypes. We identified 352 spectra that matched to such multivariant peptides, and out of the 4,582 amino acid substitutions identified, 6.37% were covered by multivariant peptides. However, the evaluation of the reliability of these matches remains challenging, suggesting that refined error rate estimation procedures are needed for such complex proteomic searches.

Conclusions
As these procedures become available and the ability to analyze protein haplotypes increases, we anticipate that proteomics will provide new information on the consequences of common variation, across tissues and time.
Midday
Authors: Enright Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first of September is here and there is nothing to say in its favour. We had very bad weather last night. It could not have been worse if it had been St Brigid's night, the first of February. The poor farmers are in a sorry state over this same weather and with good reason. All the people's talk is of the weather and what has happened to it in recent years. As they say themselves, there's no use harking back to what we used to have in bygone days; that was real weather for you and we'll never see its like again. This is not hard to believe with the day that's in it today, but people have no cause for complaint yet until they inspect the potatoes. Then is the time they will start to worry, when they see them changing colour.
Actions of nicotine on dopamine pathways and implications for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Reavill C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two questions can be posed with respect to the relationship between smoking and nicotine and Parkinson’s disease: does smoking have a shielding action against the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, and does nicotine have a palliative effect on the neurological deficits of patients who are already showing symptoms? Over half a century has passed since Moll (1926) observed that the administration of nicotine to patients suffering from post-encephalitic Parkinsonism caused temporary relief from muscular rigidity. Since then, most epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between cigarette smoking and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, and some of these studies have suggested that cigarette smoking may have a protective action against the pathogenesis of the disease (Kahn 1966; Kessler and Diamond 1971). Also, although the smoking habit has been associated with increased prevalence of tardive dyskinesias in psychiatric patients (Binder et al. 1987; Yassa et al. 1987), nicotine has been reported to abolish dystonia and athetoid movements in one case (Lees 1984). However, these reports are not numerous such that the Extrapharmacopoeia (Martindale 1982) describes nicotine as ‘having no therapeutic uses but is of considerable pharmacologicalinterest’.z
Spinal cord stimulation in various ischaemic conditions
Authors: Augustinsson Lars E , Linderoth, Bengt , Mannheimer Clas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the mid-1970s, when spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was used to treat spasticity in multiple sclerosis, it was a well-known phenomenon that the patients often reported a feeling of warmth in their legs with stimulation. Discoloration of the skin, because of impaired circulation, also gradually returned to normal following SCS. The first systematic studies with SCS in leg ischaemia were independently carried out by Cook et al. (1976) and Dooley and Kasprak (1976). They applied SCS to patients who suffered from peripheral ischaemia in their legs mainly as a result of atherosclerosis. The results were impressive with a high rate of pain relief and, in some patients, signs of ulcer healing after a period of stimulation. However, the number of patients was small.
Historical Introduction
Authors: Gadioli E , Hodgson P E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These hypotheses, according to Bohr, were not restricted to processes induced by particles with an energy of a few MeV, but ... even if we could experiment with neutrons or protons of energies of more than a hundred million volts, we should still expect that the excess energy of such particles, when they penetrate into a nucleus of not too small mass, would in the first place be divided among the nuclear particles with the result that a liberation of any of these would necessitate a subsequent energy concentration. Instead of the ordinary course of nuclear reactions we may, however, in such cases expect that in general not one but several charged or uncharged particles will eventually leave the nucleus as a result of the encounter.
Multi Step Compound Reactions
Authors: Gadioli E , Hodgson P E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years several formal theories of pre-equilibrium reactions have been formulated, in particular those of Feshbach, Kerman and Koonin (1980), of Tamura Udagawa and Lenske (1977, 1982) and of Nishioka et al. (1986, 1988). The Feshbach theory makes use of the distinction between multistep compound and multistep direct reactions: in a multistep compound reaction all the particles remain bound during the equilibration cascade, whereas in multistep direct reactions one particle remains in the continuum. In multistep compound reactions the phases of the matrix elements involving different total angular momenta J, parity, and other quantum numbers required to specify a channel are assumed to be random so that no interference terms remain after averaging and so the energy-averaged cross-sections are symmetric about 90°. In the multistep direct reactions there is constructive interference between matrix elements involving the same change in the momentum of the particle in the continuum and so the cross-sections are forward-peaked. This distinction between multistep compound and multistep direct reactions was subsequently used by Kalbach and Mann (1981) in their empirical parametrization of pre-equilibrium cross-sections.
From Caesar to Claudius
Authors: Salway Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When we compare our picture of the country that Caesar found with the state of knowledge about Britain just before the Claudian invasion a century later, we must be struck by the fact that we can construct a reasonably complete map of the tribes for the later period, and people it with the names of a substantial number of rulers at whose relations with one another we can in some cases make guesses. However, the apparent clarity of our picture of the Britain that emerged in the period between the invasions must not cause us to forget that our knowledge rests on founations that may be radically modified or eroded by future advances in scholarship. It is partly based on the fact that when they were transformed into Roman civitates tribes often.
The Assimilation of Britain
Authors: Salway Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To understand how the provinces came to be Romanized, we have to abandon some of our common conceptions. There is little evidence that the Romans had any general racial prejudice in the modern sense. Hence they assumed that anyone, or almost anyone, could absorb Roman culture and manners, even as they themselves (despite the protests of moralists and conservatives) borrowed extensively from other cultures, especially in the fields of art and religion. They had a keen sense of class and an enormous pride in their family histories, but on the whole they treated a man on the basis of what he was now rather than on the background from which he had come, though they were not above making fun of the nouveaux riches. Moreover, while there were privileges attached to class and legal status-slave, freedman, citizen or non-citizen, equestrian, senator-there was nothing immutable about a man’s position. This is a real difference between Rome and the classical Greek world before it, and, in many senses, the medieval to come. In the letters of that Italian aristocrat Pliny the Younger we have the cautionary tale of the senator Macedo.
Priority for the Village
Authors: Keep John L H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Stalin died Soviet agriculture was in a parlous state. ‘Nearly everything was wrong: planning, organization, management, the price system, taxation, physical equipment and facilities, the composition of the labour-force, the distribution system and, above all, incentives’ (Grossman 1963). The list could be extended. One of the most glaring deficiencies was the lack of statistics. These had been deliberately falsified, to the point that even the country’s leaders were ignorant of the actual state of the countryside.
For Faith and Freedom
Authors: Keep John L H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cultural renaissance led to a renewed concern with spiritual values. In Solzhenitsyn’s story ‘Matriona’s House’ the central character is a simple, saintly peasant woman: demanding nothing of her fellow men and giving all, ‘she was that Righteous One without whom, as the proverb says, no village can stand. Nor any city. Nor our whole land.’ Josef Brodsky’s ‘Christmas Poem’ (1965) ends with a tribute to God’s gift to man of the miracle of life. Perhaps some intellectuals turned to religion out of faddishness or a superficial revulsion against the technological bias of Soviet society.
Nemesis
Authors: Keep John L H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Russia the national movement was bound to take a different form than it did in other union republics, where elites had a more readily identifiable common foe, usually although not invariably the ‘imperial’ power, against which they could rally popular support. Many Russians, too, felt that their nation’s interests had been neglected under the existing dispensation, but for this they blamed not just the ‘Centre’ but also those minorities which, they believed, had derived an unfair advantage from the Soviet system.
Bread and circuses
Authors: Nettle Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the immediate purpose of our existence is not suffering, then our existence is the most ill- adapted to its purpose in the world ‘, wrote Arthur Schopenhauer in a late essay entitled On the suffering of the world. Misfortune and unhappiness, he argues, are the rule rather than the exception in life: ‘Work, worry, toil and trouble are indeed the lot of almost all men their whole life long. ‘ It is true that human beings often have a great deal to worry about, from financial uncertainty, to poor health, to unrequited love, to the disappointment of not realizing life-long dreams.
Worriers and enthusiasts
Authors: Nettle Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Common experience shows that some people are cheerful and buoyant almost whatever bad things happen to them, whilst some are full of worry and anguish even in the best of circumstances. In fact, it is very easy to find, amongst people you know, two individuals roughly matched for age, income, occupation, and marital status, of whom one is always positive and upbeat, and the other prone to suspicion, disappointment, and anxiety.
Learned Helplessness in Animals
Authors: Peterson Christopher , Maier Steven F , Seligman Martin E P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our work on learned helplessness grew out of the study of animal learning. Indeed, the learned helplessness phenomenon was accidentally encountered in the mid-1960s during our attempts to test predictions of two-process learning theory. Because we (Steven Maier and Martin Seligman) were students of learning theories, the development of our explanatory principles was both constrained by and at the same time a reaction against these theories. Moreover, the controversy that surrounded learned helplessness research from roughly 1967 to 1975 concerned not so much the nature of the phenomenon and its limits but rather the clash between the explanation that we had offered and the tenets of traditional theories. In this chapter, we trace the development of learned helplessness in animals and evaluate its current status.
The Attributional Reformulation
Authors: Peterson Christopher , Maier Steven F , Seligman Martin E P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As it was first articulated, the learned helplessness model hypothesized that experience with uncontrollable events leads to difficulties in motivation, cognition, and emotion (Chapter 2). Mediating this effect is a person’s expectation that responses and outcomes are independent. This expectation arises through his attempts to master events that elude his control, and it is generalized into new situations to produce the problems that constitute the learned helpless­ ness phenomenon (Chapter 1).
Epilogue
Authors: Peterson Christopher , Maier Steven F , Seligman Martin E P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have come to the end of our learned helplessness story, but of course research continues on the many fronts we have described. In this final chapter, we step back and take a look at what we have accomplished in our study of learned helplessness thus far and where we might be headed in the future. Learned helplessness was discovered in the animal learning laboatory of Richard Solomon at the University of Pennsylvania in 1964. With their colleagues there, Steven Maier and Martin Seligman were young researchers challenging the scientific status quo. Some thirty years later, their work has become an integral part of psychology. How did this come to pass? Someone naive to the history of science might assume that the learned helplessness model became popular simply because it was correct. But scientific progress does not work that way. Correct ideas do not inevitably triumph over incorrect ones. All sorts of social factors shape the acceptance or rejection of ideas, and in this case, learned helplessness prospered while other perspectives fell by the wayside. We suggest that it was because some fortunate choices were made, which kept learned helplessness party to what was happening through the 1970s and 1980s, surely a tumultuous time for the whole of psychology
Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Autonomic Function
Authors: Cechetto D F , Saper C B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As early as 1869, the British neurologist John Hugh lings Jackson (cited in Hoff et al., 1963), noting the autonomic responses that accompanied motor seizures in epileptic patients, proposed that within the convolutions of the cerebrum were represented not only the voluntary movements of the whole body but also the involuntary movements of the blood vessels and viscera. Jackson’s interpretation was prescient in more ways than one: in addition to being the first modern neuroscientist to suggest a cortical visceral representation, his observations under scored the difficulties in distinguishing direct autonomic responses from reflex changes that accompany somatic motor activity, pain, and generalized epileptic discharge.
The Philadelphia Negro and the Consolidation of a Worldview
Authors: Reed Adolph L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Philadelphia Study demands the attention of those concerned with Du Bois’s political thought for several reasons. It is practically a commonplace at this point to refer to the place of Du Bois’s study in the history of American sociology.1 In that sense The Philadelphia Negro is important because it helps to disclose aspects of Du Bois’s early attitudes about sociological knowledge, its nature and purposes, and the relation between knowledge and action. His work in Philadelphia also, since it represents his first systematic confrontation of the structures of Afro-American existence, is significant as an indicator of his early thinking about Afro-American life. Consideration of the assumptions that he brought to the investigation and the findings that he constructed helps locate Du Bois’s thinking in relation to that of his contemporaries and suggests themes and attitudes that recur or are elaborated in his later work. The Philadelphia study in fact lays out core themes and perspectives that persisted through the remainder of his life. Finally, the idea that such a study should be commissioned in the first place originated from the social ideology prominent among liberal-progressivist reformers of the time.
Preparing the Basic National Security Strategy
Authors: Bowie Robert R , Immerman Richard H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The drafting of the new statement of Basic National Security Policy was an extended and contentious process. It took three months for the Planning Board and NSC to complete NSC 162/2. And even after Eisenhower approved it, some issues were not fully resolved, as will be discussed in later chapters. The process began with a July 30 meeting of the NSC to consider instructions to the Planning Board for drafting the strategy paper. In addition to the summaries of the Solarium task force reports that had already been prepared and circulated, Cutler submitted a two-page memorandum of his own, distilling the key points of the reports on one page and setting out a “Proposed New Basic Concept” on the second.