bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing adverse events associated with LigaSure and Harmonic devices in head and neck surgery
Authors: Fritz Christian G. , Monos Stylianos D. , Panara Kush , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize adverse events, provide a safety profile, and understand patient outcomes after complications arising from LigaSure and Harmonic use in the head and neck region.MethodsRetrospective analysis of adverse events from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) between January 2013 and 2023.ResultsA total of 158 LigaSure and 159 Harmonic events were extracted. There were significantly more reports of Harmonic device overheating (6.9% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.003) and spontaneous self‐activation (4.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.032). Although intra‐operative and post‐operative complications were similar among both groups, there were significantly more intra‐operative bleeding events for LigaSure as compared to Harmonic (8.2% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.001).ConclusionUnderstanding technical complications and adverse events attributable to LigaSure and Harmonic devices enables the development of clinically relevant risk mitigation strategies. Surgeons should avoid improper use by remaining vigilant of device functionality and temperature changes.
Concordance between ARISCAT risk score and cardiopulmonary exercise test values in risk prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications of major abdominal surgeries in a tertiary cancer hospital: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rezaian Somaye , Asadi Gharabaghi Mehrnaz , Rahimi Besharat , Gholamzadeh Marsa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPulmonary complications are common after surgery. They include vascular thrombosis, pneumonia, respiratory failure (RF), and pain‐related atelectasis. There are a number of models to predict the risk of postoperative respiratory events other than thrombosis. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of assess respiratory risk in surgical patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) scoring and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) values in prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).MethodsCancer patients referred to a tertiary hospital for elective major abdominal surgeries were studied. Patients were evaluated by ARISCAT score and then CPET was performed to determine the risk of surgery based on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) value. Patients were followed for RF occurrence up to 72 h after surgery. Finally, the concordance of ARISCAT score and CPET values was evaluated in risk prediction of PPCs.ResultsThe results showed that parameters VO2, ARISCAT score, and anaerobic threshold could predict postoperative RF. Of these parameters, ARISCAT showed the highest sensitivity (100%) and the highest specificity (90.5%) compared with other parameters (Youden's J statistic = 0.905). However, VO2 value showed the highest validity. The percentage of agreement between different subgroups (low, medium, and high) of both criteria (VO2 and ARISCAT) was equal to 81.45% (p < 0.001) and the ϰ coefficient of the given weight was equal to 0.54 (p < 0.001), indicating a good agreement between these two criteria.ConclusionARISCAT scoring showed high sensitivity and specificity to PPCs in cancer patients and good correlation with CPET value for prediction of PPCs. Therefore, it is a reliable and robust risk prediction tool in major abdominal surgeries on cancer patients.
Dynamics of Newtonian fluid through curved domain by considering unsteady effects
Authors: Ullah Basharat , Rafique Duaa , Khan Umar , Wahab Hafiz Abdul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCross‐diffusion gradients, such as the Soret and Dufour effects, play a big role in the formation of binary alloys, the movement of oil and groundwater contaminants, and the separation of gas mixtures. Other applications where cross‐diffusion gradients are useful include: Temperature fluctuations cause matter diffusion, known as Soret effects. Concentration gradients drive heat diffusion, or the Dufour effect. This effect is named after its French discoverer. These findings could be applied to many engineering and industrial contexts and have many intriguing and potentially useful effects. Joule heating unites Soret and Dufour's work. The traditional nonlinear differential approach yields enough permutations. Convergent series can be used to solve temperature, velocity, and concentration problems. These changes can occur in temperature, velocity, or concentration. The drawings clarify all about the system's most important qualities and components. A comprehensive analysis of the Nusselt and Sherwood values is also done. After graphing the Nusselt and Sherwood values, they are analyzed. We are discussing computer science. This study found that Hartman number increases reduce one's perception of radial velocity. As Prandtl and Soret molecules increase, fluid temperature decreases. In this study, we employ numerical methods to solve the micropolar fluid flow problem on a stretched and curved disk. Our methods allow us to model fluid flow in three dimensions. We focus on micropolar fluid flow. Applying the necessary transformations to a set of partial differential equations simplifies it into a set of ordinary differential equations. The equations in both sets are transformed using similarities to convert one set of partial differential equations into another set of ordinary differential equations. The gunshot method and the Runge–Kutta algorithm can solve coupled equations numerically. The nondimensional radius of curvature can quantify and characterize many physical phenomena. Strain, microrotation velocity, and fluid velocity are examples. Due to the variances between curved and flat stretched sheets, the border layer strain cannot be neglected. Due to differences in stretching sheets,
Targeting colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor: From therapeutic drugs to diagnostic radiotracers
Authors: Zha Xiaochuan , Hui Wenxue , Cheng Dengfeng , Shi Hongcheng , Luo Zonghua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractColony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is highly expressed in mononuclear phagocytes and in the central nervous system. It has emerged as a promising target for tumor therapy and neuroinflammation imaging. Although therapeutic agents targeting CSF1R have shown great success, the development of diagnostic radiotracers for CSF1R has faced numerous challenges. Consequently, there is an urgent need to overcome these obstacles for the development of CSF1R radiotracers, particularly positron emission tomography tracers, not only for diagnostic purposes but also to aid the development of more effective therapeutic drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the development of CSF1R radiotracers, presenting detailed profiles of each tracer's ability to image CSF1R. Additionally, we discuss reported CSF1R small‐molecule inhibitors and antibodies, highlighting their relevance to the further development of CSF1R radiotracers. We aim to shed light on the current state of CSF1R radiotracer research and development, provide an insight into the challenges in this field, and offer guidance for future exploration.
Unraveling antiviral efficacy of multifunctional immunomodulatory triterpenoids against SARS‐COV‐2 targeting main protease and papain‐like protease
Authors: Choudhary Shweta , Nehul Sanketkumar , Singh Ankur , Panda Prasan Kumar , Kumar Pravindra , Sharma Gaurav Kumar , Tomar Shailly 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) may be over, but its variants continue to emerge, and patients with mild symptoms having long COVID is still under investigation. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection leading to elevated cytokine levels and suppressed immune responses set off cytokine storm, fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, and multi‐organ failure. Thus, drug molecules targeting the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus‐specific proteins or capable of suppressing the host inflammatory responses to viral infection would provide an effective antiviral therapy against emerging variants of concern. Evolutionarily conserved papain‐like protease (PLpro) and main protease (Mpro) play an indispensable role in the virus life cycle and immune evasion. Direct‐acting antivirals targeting both these viral proteases represent an attractive antiviral strategy that is also expected to reduce viral inflammation. The present study has evaluated the antiviral and anti‐inflammatory potential of natural triterpenoids: azadirachtin, withanolide_A, and isoginkgetin. These molecules inhibit the Mpro and PLpro proteolytic activities with half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values ranging from 1.42 to 32.7 μM. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analysis validated the binding of these compounds to Mpro and PLpro. As expected, the two compounds, withanolide_A and azadirachtin, exhibit potent anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity in cell‐based assays, with half‐maximum effective concentration (EC50) values of 21.73 and 31.19 μM, respectively. The anti‐inflammatory roles of azadirachtin and withanolide_A when assessed using HEK293T cells, were found to significantly reduce the levels of CXCL10, TNFα, IL6, and IL8 cytokines, which are elevated in severe cases of COVID‐19. Interestingly, azadirachtin and withanolide_A were also found to rescue the decreased type‐I interferon response (IFN‐α1). The results of this study clearly highlight the role of triterpenoids as effective antiviral molecules that target SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific enzymes and also host immune pathways involved in virus‐mediated inflammation.
Artificial intelligence and the future of learning and assessment in agricultural and applied economics
Authors: Shear Hannah E. , Britton Logan L. , Aleks Schaefer K. , Thapa Bhawna , Bergtold Jason S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing a repository of historical student responses to an actual course‐assigned essay prompt and a series of artificial intelligence (AI)‐generated responses to the same prompt, we conduct a single‐blind, randomized experiment to evaluate the performance of AI in agricultural and applied economics education. Further, we assess instructors' ability to detect the use of AI. We find that AI‐generated responses to the essay received statistically significantly higher scores than those of the average student. Instructors who had previous exposure to dialog‐based AI were 13 times more likely to accurately detect AI‐generated essays than instructors without previous exposure to the technology.
Mechanistic study of the Ni‐catalyzed hydroalkylation of 1,3‐dienes: The origins of regio‐ and enantioselectivities and a further rational design
Authors: Bai Yuna , Xian Anmei , Yang Xing , Zhou Ming , Zhao Xuefei , Zhao Lili 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of the catalytic regio‐ and enantioselective hydrofunctionalization of 1,3‐dienes remains a challenge and requires deep insight into the reaction mechanisms. We herein thoroughly studied the reaction mechanism of the Ni‐catalyzed hydroalkylation of 1,3‐dienes with ketones by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It reveals that the reaction is initiated by stepwise oxidative addition of EtO‐H followed by 1,3‐diene migratory insertion to generate the alkylnickel(II) intermediate, rather than the experimentally proposed ligand‐to‐ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) mechanism. In addition, we rationalized the role of tBuOK in the subsequent addition of enolate of ketone and transmetalation process. Based on the whole catalysis, the CC reductive elimination step, turns out to be the rate‐ and enantioselectivity‐determining step. Furthermore, we disclosed the origins of the regio‐ and enantioselectivity of the product, and found that the 1,2‐selectivity lies in the combination effects of the ligand‐substrate electrostatic interactions, orbital interactions and Pauli repulsions, while the enantioselectivity mainly arises from substrate‐ligand steric repulsions. Based on mechanistic study, new biaryl bisphosphine ligands affording higher enantioselectivity were designed, which will help to improve current catalytic systems and develop new transition‐metal‐catalyzed hydroalkylations.
BIO101 stimulates myoblast differentiation and improves muscle function in adult and old mice
Authors: Serova Maria , Didry‐Barca Blaise , Deloux Robin , Foucault Anne‐Sophie , Veillet Stanislas , Lafont René , Dilda Pierre J. , Latil Mathilde 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMuscle aging is associated with a consistent decrease in the ability of muscle tissue to regenerate following intrinsic muscle degradation, injury or overuse. Age‐related imbalance of protein synthesis and degradation, mainly regulated by AKT/mTOR pathway, leads to progressive loss of muscle mass. Maintenance of anabolic and regenerative capacities of skeletal muscles may be regarded as a therapeutic option for sarcopenia and other muscle wasting diseases. Our previous studies have demonstrated that BIO101, a pharmaceutical grade 20‐hydroxyecdysone, increases protein synthesis through the activation of MAS receptor involved in the protective arm of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system. The purpose of the present study was to assess the anabolic and pro‐differentiating properties of BIO101 on C2C12 muscle cells in vitro and to investigate its effects on adult and old mice models in vivo.MethodsThe effects of BIO101 on C2C12 differentiation were assessed using myogenic transcription factors and protein expression of major kinases of AKT/mTOR pathway by Western blot. The in vivo effects of BIO101 have been investigated in BIO101 orally‐treated (50 mg/kg/day) adult mice (3 months) for 28 days. To demonstrate potential beneficial effect of BIO101 treatment in a sarcopenic mouse model, we use orally treated 22‐month‐old C57Bl6/J mice, for 14 weeks with vehicle or BIO101. Mice body and muscle weight were recorded. Physical performances were assessed using running capacity and muscle contractility tests.ResultsAnabolic properties of BIO101 were confirmed by the rapid activation of AKT/mTOR, leading to an increase of C2C12 myotubes diameters (+26%, P < 0.001). Pro‐differentiating effects of BIO101 on C2C12 myoblasts were revealed by increased expression of muscle‐specific differentiation transcription factors (MyoD, myogenin), resulting in increased fusion index and number of nuclei per myotube (+39% and +53%, respectively, at day 6). These effects of BIO101 were like those of angiotensin (1–7) and were abolished with the use of A779, a MAS receptor specific antagonist. Chronic BIO101 oral treatment induced AKT/mTOR activation and anabolic effects accompanied with improved physical performances in adult and old animals (maximal running distance and maximal running velocity).ConclusionsOur data suggest beneficial anabolic and pro‐differentiating effects of BIO101 rendering BIO101 a potent drug candidate for treating sarcopenia and possibly other muscle wasting disorders.
Skeletal muscle atrophy in clinical and preclinical models of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Troutman Ashley D. , Arroyo Eliott , Sheridan Elizabeth M. , D'Amico Duncan J. , Brandt Peyton R. , Hinrichs Rachel , Chen Xiwei , Lim Kenneth , Avin Keith G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often regarded as experiencing wasting of muscle mass and declining muscle strength and function, collectively termed sarcopenia. The extent of skeletal muscle wasting in clinical and preclinical CKD populations is unclear. We evaluated skeletal muscle atrophy in preclinical and clinical models of CKD, with multiple sub‐analyses for muscle mass assessment methods, CKD severity, sex and across the different preclinical models of CKD. We performed a systematic literature review of clinical and preclinical studies that measured muscle mass/size using the following databases: Ovid Medline, Embase and Scopus. A random effects meta‐analysis was utilized to determine standard mean difference (SMD; Hedges' g) between healthy and CKD. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Preclinical study quality was assessed via the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation and clinical studies quality was assessed via the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180737) prior to initiation of the search. A total of 111 studies were included in this analysis using the following subgroups: 106 studies in the primary CKD analysis, 18 studies that accounted for diabetes and 7 kidney transplant studies. Significant atrophy was demonstrated in 78% of the preclinical studies and 49% of the clinical studies. The random effects model demonstrated a medium overall SMD (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.52–0.64) when combining clinical and preclinical studies, a medium SMD for the clinical population (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.42–0.55; all stages) and a large SMD for preclinical CKD (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.76–1.14). Further sub‐analyses were performed based upon assessment methods, disease status and animal model. Muscle atrophy was reported in 49% of the clinical studies, paired with small mean differences. Preclinical studies reported significant atrophy in 78% of studies, with large mean differences. Across multiple clinical sub‐analyses such as severity of CKD, dialysis modality and diabetes, a medium mean difference was found. Sub‐analyses in both clinical and preclinical studies found a large mean difference for males and medium for females suggesting sex‐specific implications. Muscle atrophy differences varied based upon assessment method for clinical and preclinical studies. Limitations in study design prevented conclusions to be made about the extent of muscle loss with disease progression, or the impact of dialysis. Future work would benefit from the use of standardized measurement methods and consistent clinical staging to improve our understanding of atrophy changes in CKD progression, and analysis of biological sex differences.
How do ethics and diversity, equity, and inclusion relate in engineering? A systematic review
Authors: Hess Justin L. , Lin Athena , Whitehead Andrew , Katz Andrew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis paper begins with the premise that ethics and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) overlap in engineering. Yet, the topics of ethics and DEI often inhabit different scholarly spaces in engineering education, thus creating a divide between these topics in engineering education research, teaching, and practice.PurposeWe investigate the research question, “How are ethics and DEI explicitly connected in peer‐reviewed literature in engineering education and closely related fields?”DesignWe used systematic review procedures to synthesize intersections between ethics and DEI in engineering education scholarly literature. We extracted literature from engineering and engineering education databases and used thematic analysis to identify ethics/DEI connections.ResultsWe identified three primary themes (each with three sub‐themes): (1) lenses that serve to connect ethics and DEI (social, justice‐oriented, professional), (2) roots that inform how ethics and DEI connect in engineering (individual demographics, disciplinary cultures, institutional cultures); and (3) engagement strategies for promoting ethics and DEI connections in engineering (affinity toward ethics/DEI content, understanding diverse stakeholders, working in diverse teams).ConclusionsThere is a critical mass of engineering education scholars explicitly exploring connections between ethics and DEI in engineering. Based on this review, potential benefits of integrating ethics and DEI in engineering include cultivating a socially just world and shifting engineering culture to be more inclusive and equitable, thus accounting for the needs and values of students and faculty from diverse backgrounds.
Aging modulates frontal lobes involvement in emotion regulation processing
Authors: Orlando Isabella , Filippini Nicola 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmotion regulation (ER) is the process by which individuals can modulate the intensity of their emotional experience and it plays a crucial role in daily life. So far, behavioral analyses seem to suggest that ER ability remains stable throughout the lifespan. However, imaging studies evaluating the neural correlates of ER performance during the aging process have shown mixed results. In this study, we used the “Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort sample” to investigate: (1) ER behavioral performance and (2) the differential association between brain measures (based on both structural and functional connectivity data) and ER performance, in a group of younger/middle‐aged participants (N = 159; age range: 18y < x < 58y) relative to a group of older healthy subjects (N = 136; age range: 58y < =x < 89y). Whereas we found no group‐related differences either in ER behavioral data or the association between ER performance and structural data, we did observe that ER performance was differentially correlated in our two study groups to functional connectivity measures in the fronto‐insular‐temporal network, which has been shown to be involved in emotional processing. Group‐related differences were specifically localized in a cluster of voxels within the anterior cingulate areas which revealed a reverse pattern between our study groups: in younger/middle‐aged participants better ER performance was associated with increase connectivity, whereas among older participants better ER performance was related to reduced connectivity. Based on our results, we suggest that a de‐differentiation mechanism, known to affect the frontal lobes brain activity and connectivity in older subjects, might explain our findings.
Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Acetone Sensing: A Novel Approach of Biosensor Platform Based on CNT/CuO Nanosystems
Authors: Geetha Mithra , Nair Gayathri Geetha , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Al‐maadeed Somaya , Muthalif Asan G. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA promising approach for noninvasive medical diagnosis may be to measure the VOCs produced by metabolic changes or pathological disorders in human sweat, such as measuring the acetone levels in the presence of diabetes. Acetone is a by‐product of fat catabolism and serves as an indicator of ketosis and diabetes. The measurement of acetone may be used instead of glucose monitoring. Current research aims to develop and improve noninvasive methods of detecting acetone in sweat that are accurate, sensitive, and stable. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs)–copper oxide (CuO) nanocomposite (NC) improves direct electron transport to the electrode surface in this study. The complex‐precipitation method is used to make this NC. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to investigate the crystal structure and morphology of the prepared catalyst. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry, the electrocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared catalyst is evaluated. The electrocatalytic activity in artificial sweat solution is examined at various scan rates and acetone concentrations. The detection limit of the CNTs‐CuO NC catalyst is 0.05 mm, with a sensitivity of 16.1 mA cm−2 µm−1 in a linear range of 1–50 mm. Furthermore, this NC demonstrates a high degree of selectivity for various biocompounds found in sweat, with no interfering cross‐reactions from these species. The CNT‐CuO NC, as produced, has good sensitivity, rapid reaction time (2 s), and stability, indicating its potential for acetone sensing.