bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcortical band heterotopia with simplified gyral pattern and syndactyly
Authors: Sicca Federico , Silengo Margherita , Parrini Elena , Ferrero Giovanni B. , Guerrini Renzo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe describe a girl with an unusual form of subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and a complex malformation syndrome. SBH had an irregular inner margin, organized in contiguous fascicles of migrating neurons, sometimes giving the appearance of many small contiguous gyri. The true cortex had decreased thickness and showed a simplified gyral pattern with decreased number of gyri, which were usually of increased width, and shallow sulci. The cerebellum was hypoplastic. Additional features included epicanthal folds, hypertelorism, small nose with hypoplastic nares, bilateral syndactyly of the toes, pulmonary valve stenosis, atrial and ventricular septal defects. At the age of 1 year the patient had severe developmental delay and epilepsy. Chromosome studies and mutation analysis of the DCX and LIS1 genes gave negative results. This observation delineates a new multiple congenital abnormalities mental retardation syndrome and confirms genetic heterogeneity of SBH. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual congenital abdominal wall defect and review
Authors: Carrera Ignacio Arroyo , Pitarch Vicente , García María Jesús , Barrio Ana Raquel , Martínez‐Frías María Luisa 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAbdominal wall defects distant from the umbilicus are very unusual. We describe a patient with a congenital defect adjacent and external to the lateral border of the recti muscles, rounded in shape, bilateral and symmetrical, but affecting different structures in each side, musculocutaneous agenesis in the left side and only muscle agenesis in the right one. The morphologic characteristics of the defect and the absence of associated anomalies, suggest that this anomaly may be the result of an event acting during phenogenesis. We consider that this defect is different from other structural abnormalities of the anterior abdominal wall which occur much earlier at certain periods of the embryogenesis. Though the etiology is speculative, we could postulate a disruptive origin of the defect of unknown cause. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What does “A gene for heart disease” mean? A focus group study of public understandings of genetic risk factors
Authors: Bates Benjamin R. , Templeton Alan , Achter Paul J. , Harris Tina M. , Condit Celeste M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThere is growing concern in the medical community about potential genetic determinism in the patient population. Limited information about the public understanding of genetic factors in disease formation is available. To access public perceptions of potentially deterministic phrasing of genetic risk factors, we sought to establish interpretations of the phrase, “a gene for heart disease.” Focus groups in urban, suburban, and rural communities were conducted from July through October, 2001 in Georgia. A total of 108 participants were recruited. Participants were recruited to balance sex and racial representation. We used three outcome measures for participants understandings of the phrase: (1) participants' statements of the meaning of the phrase; (2) the level of determinism assigned to genetic factors by participants; and (3) participant reports of the health consequences of having “a gene for heart disease.” Participants did not report a single interpretation of the phrase. There were dominant participant interpretations under each outcome measure: (1) “a gene for heart disease” was interpreted as meaning genetic and environmental factors both played roles in disease formation; (2) genetic predisposition was perceived as heightened, not absolute, risk; (3) the perceived health impact was a greater risk of becoming sick. Minority interpretations were found under each measure. Overall, naming “a gene for heart disease” does not appear to have a deterministic impact on a plurality of participants' perceptions of risks associated with genetic factors. Genetic fatalism in patient populations may be confined to a sizable minority. Important considerations for provider intervention and patient education are indicated. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polysyndactyly, complex heart malformations cardiopathy, and hepatic ductal plate anomalies: An autosomal recessive syndrome diagnosed antenatally
Authors: Stoll Claude , Gasser B. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA distinct syndrome was ascertained in a 3‐year‐old girl and her brother. The proband was the first child of first cousin parents. She was born after an uneventful pregnancy. At birth, multiple congenital anomalies were noted: ptosis of the left eyelid, hypertelorism, anteverted nares, large fontanel, long philtrum, ungueal hypoplasia, polysyndactyly, single transverse crease, complex cardiopathy, and hepatic cysts. During another pregnancy of the mother, fetal ultrasonographic examination showed an hypertrophy of the right ventricle and atria, a dextroposition of the aorta, a bilateral renal pelvis dilatation, and a club foot. After termination of the pregnancy, necropsy showed facial anomalies, a small penis, a polysyndactyly, a ventricular septum defect, and a malformation of the ductal plate. Bonneau et al. [1983: J Genet Hum 2:93–105] described a family in which three sibs had a complex cardiac malformation, hexadactyly of the first toe, and syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers. Rajab [1997: Clin Dysmorphol 6:85–88] described two sibs with similar features in an Omani family. The sibs described in this report had anomalies of the ductal plate which were not reported in the two other families. These new findings are in favor of autosomal inheritance of this condition which is amenable to antenatal diagnosis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and structure of [K(12‐crown‐4)2]2[K(12‐crown‐4)]2[Sn9]·4en
Authors: Ugrinov Anger , Sevov Slavi C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe new compound [K(12C4)2]2[K12C4]2[Sn9]·4en (1), where 12C4 is 12‐crown‐4 polyether, was crystallized from an ethylenediamine solution of an intermetallic precursor with nominal composition K4Li2Sn8. The structure of the compound (orthorhombic, Cmca, a = 21.763(4), b = 16.030(3), c = 51.85(1) Å, Z = 8) contains isolated deltahedral clusters of [Sn9]4−. The clusters are of Cs symmetry and are nido according to the number of bonding electrons. The potassium countercations are sequestered by the very small 12C4 ether: half of them are sandwiched between a pair of molecules and the other half are coordinated by a single molecule. The latter potassium cations also bridge edges of the tin clusters, and each cluster has two such coordinated cations. Coordination of potassium cations by such small crown ethers is quite rare. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of bipyridine‐linked dimers of azanonaborane: electronic absorption and molecular‐orbital calculations
Authors: El‐Zaria Mohamed E. , Borrmann Tobias , Gabel Detlef 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA new class of azanonaborane–bipyridine derivatives was synthesized from the reaction of bidentate nitrogen ligands with the azanonaborane cluster [(RNH2)B8H11NHR] in benzene under reflux. The exchange of the exo‐amino ligand by bipyridine derivatives is a convenient route to yield a dimer of the azanonaborane cluster in good yield. Thus, 4,4′‐bipyridine (PyPy) and trans‐1,2‐di‐(4‐pyridyl)‐ethene (PyPy) replace the exo‐NH2R unit to give [(PyPy)B8H11NHR] or [RHNH11B8PyPyB8H11NHR] and [(PyPy)B8H11NHR] or [RHNH11B8PyPyB8H11NHR] respectively as colored products due to electronic interaction between the {B8N} unit and the bonded bipyridine units. This interaction has been investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy and by AM‐1 molecular‐orbital calculations. In the case of [(PyPy)B8H11NHR], the 1H and 13C NMR analysis of the products revealed two isomeric forms (cis and trans). This is attributed to thermal cis–trans isomerization. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization, X‐ray crystal structure and in vitro antitumour activity of bis(1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane‐9‐carboxylato)di‐n‐butyltin
Authors: Bregadze Vladimir I. , Glazun Sergey A. , Petrovskii Pavel V. , Starikova Zoya A. , Rochev Valery Ya. , Dalil Hassan , Biesemans Monique , Willem Rudolph , Gielen Marcel , de Vos Dick 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe 1 : 2 condensation of dibutyltin(IV) oxide with 1,2‐carborane‐9‐carboxylic acid resulted in bis(1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane‐9‐carboxylato)di‐n‐butyltin (1), the first carborane‐based organotin compound where the carborane cage is linked to the carboxylic moiety via a boron atom. The structure of 1, characterized by 1H, 11B, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, was shown to correspond to bis(1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane‐9‐carboxylato)di‐n‐butyltin. Compound 1 was screened in vitro against seven tumour cell lines of human origin and was found to be significantly more active than 5‐fluorouracil, cis‐platin and carboplatin but less active than methotrexate and doxorubicin. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of 1,2‐hydroboration and 1,1‐organoboration: synthesis of novel organo‐substituted 1‐silacyclobutenes
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Maisel Heidi E. , Molla Elias , Mottalib Abdul , Badshah Amin , Bhatti Moazzam H. , Ali Saqib 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe reaction of di(alkyn‐1‐yl)silanes Me(R)Si(CCtBu)2 [1; R = Me (a), H (b)] with diethylborane or 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane in a 1 : 1 ratio affords the 1‐silacyclobutene derivatives 6a, 7a,b as a result of intermolecular 1,1‐hydroboration followed by intramolecular 1,1‐organoboration. Intermediates, in which both an alkenyl and an alkynyl group are linked to silicon (2a, 3a), were identified and prepared independently by the reaction of the corresponding chlorosilane 5a with the lithium alkynide LiCCtBu. This procedure also opened the way to a stepwise synthesis of 1‐silacyclobutenes with a choice of substituents in the 2,4‐positions (6b and 9a). All reactions were monitored by 29Si NMR spectroscopy, and the structural assignment of the final products was based on multinuclear magnetic resonance data (1H, 11B, 13C and 29Si NMR). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzenes over silica‐supported palladium and palladium–ytterbium
Authors: Jujjuri Satyakrishna , Ding Errun , Shore Sheldon G. , Keane Mark A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA 5% w/w palladium loading on silica has been achieved via impregnation of the support with Pd(C2H3O2)2 and { (DMF)10Yb2[Pd(CN)4]3} ∞ precursors to deliver monometallic (Pd/SiO2) and bimetallic (Yb–Pd/SiO2) catalyst systems respectively. The catalytic action of each has been assessed in the continuous gas‐phase hydrodechlorination (HDC) of chlorobenzene (CB) and 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (1,2‐DCB) (T = 423 K, inlet chlorine/palladium mol ratio of 5 × 103 h−1) and the hydrogenation of benzene (T = 423 K, inlet C6H6/palladium mol ratio of 35 h−1). Activation of both catalysts delivered similar palladium crystallite size distributions with an average palladium diameter of 5–6 nm where the ytterbium component (in Yb–Pd/SiO2) was present as a thin surface coating. The Pd–Yb bimetallic exhibited significantly higher HDC and hydrogenation activities, the former manifested by significantly greater fractional dechlorinations and benzene selectivities/yields. Yb/SiO2 proved inactive in terms of promoting hydrogen scission or addition and the promotional effect of ytterbium in Yb–Pd/SiO2 is discussed in terms of electron donation and hydrogen transfer via surface YbH2. Under identical reaction conditions, a lower HDC activity was recorded for 1,2‐DCB compared with CB, a response that is attributed to steric constraints allied to the deactivating effect of the second chlorine substituent. Both Pd/SiO2 and Yb–Pd/SiO2 exhibited a decline in HDC activity with time‐on‐stream, but the bimetallic was significantly more resistant to deactivation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast solution of problems with multiple load cases by using wavelet‐compressed boundary element matrices
Authors: Bucher Henrique F. , Wrobel Luiz C. , Mansur Webe J. , Magluta Carlos 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a fast approach for rapidly solving problems with multiple load cases using the boundary element method (BEM). The basic idea of this approach is to assemble the BEM matrices separately and to compress them using fast wavelet transforms. Using a technique called ‘virtual assembly’, the matrices are then combined inside an iterative solver according to the boundary conditions of the problem, with no need for recompression each time a new load case is solved. This technique does not change the condition number of the matrices—up to a small variation introduced by compression—so that previous theoretical convergence estimates are still valid. Substantial savings in computer time are obtained with the present technique. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematica solution of Rayleigh equation in non‐linear vibration
Authors: Mikhailov M. D. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe stable periodic motion, described by Rayleigh differential equation, is solved by using the Mathematica software system. We define rules computing the periods T, the magnitude A, the displacement u(t), and the velocity v(t) for prescribed perturbation parameter ε and circular frequency ω. These rules have been explored to find the period T, the magnitude A, and the reducing factor of the circular frequency α=2π/T with 10 correct digits after decimal point for ω equal to 1 and the values of ε in the range from 0.1 to 100. The displacement and the velocity are plotted for ε equal to 0.1, 1, 10, and 100. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A critique of claims from Reynolds, Nicolson & Hambly (2003) that DDAT is an effective treatment for children with reading difficulties–‘Lies, damned lies and (inappropriate) statistics?’
Authors: Snowling Margaret J. , Hulme Charles 
Published: May 2003

AbstractReynolds, Nicolson and Hambly (Dyslexia 2003; 9: 48) report a study to evaluate the effectiveness of dyslexia dyspraxia attention deficit treatment (DDAT)—an exercise‐based treatment for children with reading difficulties. They claim that DDAT is an effective treatment with positive effects on the cognitive skills underlying literacy and the reading process. We outline the numerous methodological and statistical problems with this study and conclude that it provides no evidence that DDAT is an effective form of treatment for children with reading difficulties. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinguishing between deservingness and entitlement: earned outcomes versus lawful outcomes
Authors: Feather N. T. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTwo studies are described that investigated a proposed distinction between deservingness and entitlement. Deservingness was assumed to relate to the evaluative structure of actions and their contingent outcomes and entitlement to an external framework involving rights, rules and social norms. Study 1 investigated reactions to scenarios in which a student running for election in a national student organization exerted either high or low effort, was either eligible or ineligible for election by virtue of age, and was either elected or not elected. Study 2 investigated reactions to a scenario in which a stimulus person suffering from an illness had to decide how much money to leave in a will to a son, nephew, or friend who provided him with either help or limited help. In both studies, student participants (n = 134 in Study 1, n = 236 in Study 2) completed ratings of deservingness and entitlement, as well as other measures. Results of both studies supported the distinction between deservingness and entitlement. Whether an outcome was deserved depended on amount of effort in Study 1 and on amount of help in Study 2. Results are also reported for other justice variables and for reported affect in Study 1, and for the amount allocated in the will in Study 2. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leaders and their treatment of subgroups: implications for evaluations of the leader and the superordinate group
Authors: Duck Julie M. , Fielding Kelly S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis experiment examined members' evaluations of a group leader and the group in contexts where a superordinate group comprised two subgroups and the group leader was aligned with one or other subgroup. The design varied group leader (ingroup, outgroup) and leader behavior (ingroup favoring, outgroup favoring) as well as the broader comparative context (intragroup, intergroup). Across a number of measures, results indicated a consistent Group Leader × Leader Behavior interaction that was independent of comparative context. Although group members were most satisfied with an ingroup leader who favored the ingroup, ingroup leaders were perceived positively irrespective of their behavior. Outgroup leaders who unexpectedly favored the other subgroup were also perceived positively. However, outgroup leaders who favored their own subgroup were perceived as less fair and as more biased than other leaders. They also engendered less identification with the superordinate group and a less unified perception of the group. Results demonstrate the importance of social identity concerns to leadership in nested group contexts and emphasize the fact that perceptions of leader fairness and concern for the common group mediate responses to the superordinate category. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genuine giving or selfish sacrifice? The role of commitment and cost level upon willingness to sacrifice
Authors: Powell Chantal , Van Vugt Mark 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis research uses interdependence theory to examine the link between commitment, costs, and willingness to sacrifice within interdependence dilemmas occurring in intimate relationships. Advancing prior work, which has demonstrated a positive association between relationship commitment and willingness to sacrifice, we investigated the moderating role of the cost of sacrifice in a scenario‐based survey. Consistent with our hypotheses it was found that in high cost interdependence dilemmas, significantly greater levels of sacrifice were observed from individuals classified as high in commitment than from individuals classified as low in commitment. However in low cost dilemmas the relationship between commitment and sacrifice disappears. Possible differences in motivations for sacrifice are discussed with respect to this finding. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived rationality, morality, and power of social choice as a function of interdependence structure and social value orientation
Authors: Joireman Jeffrey A. , Kuhlman D. Michael , Van Lange Paul A. M. , Doi Toshiaki , Shelley Gregory P. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe present study examines how individuals with different social value orientations (i.e. prosocial, individualistic, and competitive) construe the rationality, morality, and power of choices in four distinct interdependence structures which systematically differ in the motives that could underlie the most prosocial or least aggressive choice: (a) altruism only, (b) altruism and cooperation, (c) altruism, cooperation, and individualism, and (d) altruism, cooperation, individualism, and competition. Results revealed that rationality ratings, and to a lesser degree morality and power ratings, increased most when the motives that could underlie a choice were part of the perceiver's social value orientation. Overall, the pattern of rationality ratings provided reasonable support for the Goal Prescribes Rationality Principle. Ratings of morality and power suggested a corresponding Goal Prescribes Morality/Power Principle (for prosocials and individualists), but revealed only mixed support for the Might Over Morality Hypothesis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MISSING FLOWERS gene controls axillary meristems initiation in sunflower
Authors: Fambrini Marco , Cionini Giuliano , Bertini Daniele , Michelotti Vania , Conti Alessio , Pugliesi Claudio 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSummary: The initiation and growth of axillary meristems are fundamental components of plant architecture. Here, we describe the mutant missing flowers (mf) of Helianthus annuus characterized by the lack of axillary shoots. Decapitation experiments and histological analysis indicate that this phenotype is the result of a defect in axillary meristem initiation. In addition to shoot branching, mutation affects floral differentiation. The indeterminate inflorescence of sunflower (capitulum) is formed of a large flat meristem which produces floret primordia in multiple spirals. In wildtype plants a bisecting crease divides each primordium in two distinct bumps that adopt different fate. The peripheral (abaxial) part of the primordium becomes a small leaf‐like bract and the adaxial part becomes a flower. In the mf mutant, the formation of flowers at the axil of bracts is precluded. Histological analyses show that in floret primordia of the mutant a clear subdivision in dyads is not established. The primordia progressively bend inside and only large involucral floral bracts are developed. The results suggest that the MISSING FLOWERS gene is essential to provide or perceive an appropriate signal to the initiation of axillary meristems during both vegetative and reproductive phases. genesis 36:25–33, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal axis of the hippocampus: Both septal and temporal poles of the hippocampus support water maze spatial learning depending on the training protocol
Authors: de Hoz Livia , Knox Jane , Morris Richard G.M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIt has been suggested previously that 30% sparing of the hippocampus is enough to support spatial learning of a reference memory task in a water maze provided the spared tissue is located septally (Moser et al. 1995, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:9697–9701). Therefore, the temporal hippocampus may not be involved in spatial memory. Place cells are also found in this part of the structure, and it has been suggested that these place cells have larger, less well‐tuned place fields than are found in the septal hippocampus. We tested the possibility that the temporal hippocampus might be involved in spatial learning when the animals are required to distinguish between different contexts. Experiment 1 was a replication of the findings reported by Moser et al., using their protocol (8 trials/day, 6 days) and the groups with 20–40% hippocampus spared septally or temporally (volume assessed by quantitative volumetric techniques). In experiment 2, rats with also 20–40% sparing of the hippocampus either septally or temporally were trained in two water maze concurrently (four trials/day/water maze, 8 days). Rats with 20–40% hippocampus spared temporally were able to learn the two water maze tasks normally, and no difference was observed between rats with septal and temporal hippocampus spared across different measures of performance. In experiment 3, rats with 20–40% hippocampus spared septally or temporally were trained in one water maze as in experiment 1, but using a spaced training protocol similar to that of experiment 2 (four trials/day, 8 days). Rats with temporal hippocampus spared developed a preference for the training quadrant and acquired levels of performance indistinguishable from those of rats with septal hippocampus spared. The results suggest that the temporal hippocampus can support the learning of two, but also one, spatial water maze reference memory task, provided the training protocol is adequate. Hippocampus 2003;13:587–603. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.