bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferative responses of endothelial cell populations to experimentally induced inflammatory lesions of gingival connective tissues in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Nemeth E. , Kulkarni G. V. , McCulloch C. A. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Endothelial cells exhibit heterogeneous and tissue‐selective responses to injury and inflammation. The regulation of the size of endothelial populations in specific tissue sites is poorly characterized, particularly in soft connective tissues adjaceent to bone. To investigate the effect of a primarily lymphocytic infiltrate on endothelial cell proliferation and growth of blood vessels, a primate model was used that reliably exhibits localized, distinct inflammatory, and destructive lesions in isolated sites of mucosal connective tissues adjacent to bone and epithelium around teeth. Methods: Three Cynomolgus monkeys with healthy periodontium and two with spontaneously occurring inflammation or induced connective tissue destruction were pulse labeled with 3H‐thymidine. Morphometric analyses of radioautographs from mid‐sagittal supra‐alveolar gingival connective tissues of incisor teeth were performed in sites subjacent to junctional, sulcular, and oral epithelium, in the body of the lamina propria and just superior to the alveolar bone crest. Results: Subjacent to the sulcular epithelium there was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in lymphocyte density between health and inflammation. The percentage of endothelial cells incorporating 3H‐thymidine label (LI) and the number of blood vessels per unit area were significantly increased in this same site in inflamed samples (P < 0.02) but were not elevated further in lesions in which there was destruction of soft connective tissues. However, there was no increase of the numbers of the cross‐sectional areas of blood vessels between samples of inflamed and destroyed tissues. Conclusions: (1) Experimentally induced inflammation and connective tissue destruction in the gingival connective tissues of Cynomolgus monkeys is associated with site‐specific perturbations in the turnover of endothelial cells that is closely linked to lymphocytic infiltration; (2) the vascular response is a generalized increase in endothelial cell proliferation and blood vessel numbers but not lumen size or number of endothelial cells, suggesting the existence of homeostatic controls for preservation of the whole population in a steady state. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occurrence and localization of calbindin‐D28kin kidney and cerebellum of the slider turtle,Trachemys scripta
Authors: Mutema George K. , Rhoten William B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgrouns: Since its initial discovery in the avian intestine, calbindin‐D28khas been reported to occur in various species and tissues. Although calbindin‐D28kbinds calcium ions in the physiologically relevant range of intracellular calcium, its functional role in the various cell types where it has been localized remains unknown.Methods: We examined the occurrence of calbindin‐D28kin the brain and kidney of the testudine reptile,Trachemys scripta, by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry using rabbit anti‐sera directed against rat renal calbindin‐D28kand chicken intestinal calbindin‐D28k.Results: Immunoblotting revealed the presence of calbindin‐D28kin the turtle tissues. A single immunoreactive band in the 28,000 relative molecular mass region was visualized in cerebellar and renal homogenates. Immunocytochemistry revealed reaction product for the presence of calbindin‐D28kin the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and in the distal tubular cells of the nephron. Processes as well as the perikaryon of the Purkinje cell were immunoreactive.Conclusion: This study describes the occurrence and cellular localization of calbindin‐D28kin a reptilian cerebellum, and confirms the phylogenetic distribution of renal calbindin‐D28kto the oldest major reptilian group. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microangioarchitecture of the guinea pig common bile duct and duodenal papilla: A scanning electron and light microscopic study
Authors: Aharinejad S. , Lametschwandtner A. , Böck P. , Firbas W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The microvascular pattern of the duodenal papilla is unknown. Since the duodenal papilla is located in the transition zone between the stomach and duodenum, and because it regulates bile transfer into the duodenum, a particular microangioarchitecture can be expected. Therefore, we examined the microvasculature of the papilla using guinea pigs as a model.Methods: The microvascularization of the duodenal papilla and common bile duct was studied in 26 adult guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), using scanning electron microscopy of microvascular corrosion casts and critical point dried specimens, and light microscopy of tissue sections.Results: The duodenal papilla is located in the cranial portion of the duodenum, approximately 5 mm beyond the pyloric valve. At the most luminal aspect of the cast papilla, ring‐shaped capillaries, resembling those of the cast gastric mucosa, are present. Deeper parts of the papilla are provided with villi. Subepithelial capillaries of the papilla are 15 μm thick in average. These capillaries have a dual blood supply either via the straight long arterioles arising from the submucosa or by the pericryptal capillaries. The common bile duct comprises numerous mucoid glands with their pits surrounded by ring‐shaped capillaries in corresponding casts.Conclusions: The special arrangement of different capillary patterns, together with their luminal size and the dual blood supply, favor their protective role from the gastric chyme. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of a tension/compression skeletal system: Possible strain‐specific differences in the hierarchical organization of bone
Authors: Skedros John G. , Bloebaum Roy D. , Mason Mark W. , Bramble Dennis M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Examination of a simple skeletal cantilevered beam‐like bone (artiodactyl calcaneus) suggests that regional differences in strain magnitude and mode (tension vs. compression) reflect regional adaptation in the structural/material organization of bone. The artiodactyl (e.g., sheep and deer) calcaneus has a predominant loading condition typified by the unambiguous presence of prevailing compressive and tensile strains on opposite cortices. Bone habitually loaded in bending may accommodate regional disparities in loading conditions through modifications of various aspects of its organization. These include overall bone build (gross size and shape), cross‐sectional shape, cortical thickness, and mineral content.Methods & Results: Cross‐sections taken along the calcaneal body exhibited cranial‐caudal elongation with the compression (cranial) cortex thicker than the tension cortex (P < 0.01). Mineral content (ash fraction) was significantly greater in the compression cortex (P < 0.01), averaging 6.6% greater than in the tension cortex. Strong positive correlations were found between mineral content and section location in both the tension (r2 = 0.955) and compression (r2 = 0.812) cortices. These correlations may reflect functional adaptations to the linear increases in stress that are known to occur in the distal‐to‐proximal direction in simple, unidirectionally loaded cantilevered beams. According to engineering principles, the roughly triangular transverse cross‐sectional geometries and thicker compression cortex are features consistent with a short cantilevered structure designed to resist unidirectional bending.Conclusions: Known differences in mechanical properties of bone in tension vs. compression suggest that these regional differences in cortical thickness and mineralization may be related to differences in strain mode. These structural/material dissimilarities, however, may be related to regional variations in strain magnitude, since bending and axially directed stresses in a simple cantilevered structure produce greater strain magnitudes in the compression domain. It is possible that the superimposed habitual strain magnitudes enhance strain‐mode‐specific adaptive responses. We hypothesize that these structural/material differences reflect the capacity of bone to process local information and produce a regionally heterogeneous organization that is appropriate for prevailing loading conditions. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public dotmain in the United states of America
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Ultrastructure of nonspecific cytotoxic cells in teleosts. I. Effector‐target cell binding in a marine and a freshwater species (Seabream: Sparus aurata L., and Carp: Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Meseguer Jose , Esteban M. Angeles , Lopez‐ruiz Antonio , Bielek Edith 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Fish cytotoxic effectors form a cell population whose ultrastructure and properties of conjugation with target cells have not been completely established. We report the ultrastructure of the non‐specific cytotoxic cells in a seawater teleost (Sparus aurata L.) and compare it to a freshwater species (Cyprinus carpio L.).Methods: Blood leucocytes were incubated with HeLa or B16 melanoma cells. Samples were processed for transmission electron microscopic study.Results: Conjugates consisting of leucocytes binding targets were regularly observed after 30 min, 1 hr, or 2 hr of incubation. In both species leucocytes binding to targets showed ultrastructural features of either monocyte‐like or lymphocyte‐like cells. Monocyte‐like cells usually appeared flattened against the targets and seemed to enclose fragments of the target to form cytoplasmic vesicles and the content of their scarce cytoplasmic granules seemed to be delivered into these vesicles. In the seabream lymphocyte‐like cells, dense cytoplasmic granules occurred only occasionally, and neither microvilli nor cell processes were present at the contact areas with the targets. In the carp, the contacts were more numerous and formed regularly interdigitating contact areas and the lymphocytes showed granules with characteristic dense and fibrillar contents.Conclusions: We conclude that seabream and carp have a leucocyte cell population with ultrastructural features of either monocytes or lymphocytes showing nonspecific cytotoxic ability. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional variations in the ultrastructural features of secretory cells in the rat oviductal epithelium
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: In mammals, the oviductal secretory cells and their secretions play important roles in reproductive and developmental events. Therefore, many electron microscopic studies of mammalian oviductal epithelial cells have been performed.Methods: The secretory cells in various regions of the rat oviduct during the estrous cycle were examined by transmission electron microscopy.Results: In the fimbriae, the secretory cells contained small secretory granules with moderately electron‐dense matrices and many large bodies that resembled lipid droplets. In the ampullar cells, small secretory granules with moderately electron‐dense matrices were observed in the apical cytoplasm. In the isthmus, the secretory cells contained numerous secretory granules with moderately electron‐dense matrices. Electron‐dense areas were frequently observed in many of the granules of the isthmic cells. Vesicles, partially filled with a dense substance, frequently were observed in the isthmic cells and occasionally in the ampullar cells. Very long stereocilia projected from the surfaces of the isthmic secretory cells into the lumen. Exocytosis of the secretory granules was observed. In addition, there was evidence to suggest the release of the bodies that resembled lipid droplet occurred. Cysts and ciliated vacuoles that appeared to be intraepithelial were frequently observed in the fimbrial and ampullar epithelia. No dramatic changes in the relative numbers of ciliated and secretory cells in any oviductal segment were observed during the estrous cycle.Conclusions: Our ultrastructural observations of the rat oviduct revealed marked regional variations in the morphological features of secretory cells. These results may provide insight into regional and cellular differences in the function of the rat oviduct. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental expression of immobilin in the rat epididymis
Authors: Hermo L. , Barin K. , Oko R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Immobilin is a protein secreted by principal cells of the distal initial segment, intermediate zone and caput epididymidis of adult rats, which serves to immobilize spermatozoa. In the distal cauda, epithelial clear cells are involved in its endocytosis. The objective of this study was to correlate the developmental events in the maturation of the epdidymis with the timing of immobilin secretion and endocytosis in order to evaluate the testicular or epididymal factors which may influence or regulate immobilin expression.Methods: Our approach was to follow and compare the developmental expression of immobilin by light microscope immunocytochemistry in control and efferent duct ligated rats of different postnatal ages.Results: Coincident with the morphological maturation of the principal cells by postnatal day 39, immobilin displayed the characteristic secretory immunostaining pattern found in adults. This adult‐like expression occurred despite the absence of spermatozoa in the lumen but was coincident with high levels of circulating and luminal androgens. In contrast, immobilin secretion in rats whose efferent ducts were ligated at day 15 was weak to non‐existent in the principal cells of the caput epididymidis at day 28 and remained so into adulthood, indicating that principal cells of this region of the epididymis are dependent either directly or indirectly upon testicular factors present in the lumen for immobilin expression. However, secretion of immobilin in the principal cells of the distal initial segment was unaffected by ligation and unlike the case in control rats high levels of immobilin also continued to be secreted into adulthood by the principal cells of the proximal initial segment. Thus in the distal initial segment immobilin secretion is not regulated by luminal factors originating from the testis, while in the proximal initial segment the normal suppression of immobilin that occurs by postnatal day 39 is. Despite ligation, endocytosis of immobilin by clear cells of the distal cauda epididymidis occurred by day 49, indicating that luminal testicular factors are not essential for stimulating the uptake of immobilin by these cells.Conclusions: The results taken together suggest that there are stimulatory and inhibitory luminal testicular factors involved in the regional development of immobilin secretion in the epididymis. There are also immobilin secreting regions in the epididymis, whose secretory development is independent of luminal testicular factors. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural differentiation of the first hensen cell in the gerbil cochlea as a distinct cell type
Authors: Spicer Samuel S. , Schulte Bradley A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The mammalian cochlea contains beneath and lateral to outer hair cells, several types of supporting cells. The function of these cells has not been explained beyond providing a structural base.Methods: The supporting cells of gerbil cochlea were examined by electron microscopy with a view to elucidating their biologic activity on the basis of cytologic structure.Results: Ultrastructural examination differentiated the laterally located Hensen cells from their medial neighbor connected to the third Deiters cell. The later cell formed a cover to the outer tunnel between Hensen and Deiters cells, appeared not to reach the basilar membrane, and exhibited a denser cytosol and more mitochondria, compared to Hensen cells. In these respects the cell observed here to cover the outer tunnel, corresponded with the tectal cell described by Henson et al. (1983) in the mustache bat, but not heretofore documented in other animals.Conclusions: This distinctive cell in the gerbil differend in displaying unique villus‐like structures which projected from the basomedial surface and are referred to as fimbriae. The fimbriae and interspersed filopodia largely filled outer tunnel space and expanded the cell's basal surface. The amplification of basal plasmalemma by fimbriae and their content of mitochondria testify to a role for the tectal cell in ion resorption and an influence on ion content and volume of outer tunnel fluid. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cartilago cordis in serpents
Authors: Young Bruce A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The cartilago cordis, a cartilaginous element present within the heart, has been found in a number of vertebrates. The present study provides a detailed description and comparative analysis of the cartilago cordis in snakes.Methods:Transverse sections through the hearts of 42 snakes and three monitor lizards were examined.Results: A cartilago cordis was found near the roots of the aortic trunk and pulmonary artery in eleven species of snakes. There is substantial variation in the size, shape, and precise location of the cartilago cordis.Conclusions: The presence of a cartilago cordis does not correlate with body size, taxonomic relationships, or habitat preference. The cartilago cordis may simply represent an illustration of the potential for chondrification that is present in the connective tissue of the aorticopulmonary septum. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hamster supraoptic nucleus: Cytoarchitectural, Morphometric, and three‐dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Navarro Ana , Tolivia Jorge , Alvarez‐Uría Manuel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: The present paper describes the cytoarchitectonic, morphometric, and three‐dimensional characteristics of the golden hamster supraoptic nucleus (SON) in order to provide an anatomical basis for subsequent morphofunctional studies that use this species as an experimental animal. The dimensions (volume and length) and the number of cells of each part of the supraoptic nucleus were obtained, as well as morphometric parameters of their neurons (cross‐sectional area and maximum and minimum diameters). A three‐dimensional reconstruction of hamster SON has been made in order to know the spatial morphology of this nucleus and to reveal the structural differences between both parts.Methods: Ten male adult golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were used. Animals were anaesthetized and transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.2. The hypothalamic area from seven animals was dissected out, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections of 10 μm were cut in a coronal plane. Sections were stained with thionin, dehydrated, cleared in eucalyptol, and mounted with Eukitt. To prove the neurosecretory nature to the SON, every fourth section was immunostained against neurophysin by using the peroxidase‐antiper‐oxidase method. To study the neuronal morphometric parameters, all magnocellular neurons of the SON were drawn in sections separated 80 μm with the aid of a camera lucida under 500× magnification. Serial 50 μm thick frozen sections of the hypothalamus from three animals were drawn with camera lucida to determine the volume of the two parts of the SON and to make the three‐dimensional reconstruction.Results: The SON extends rostrocaudally 1.98 ± 0.03 mm from the preoptic area to the tuberal hypothalamic area. Two classical parts can be clearly delimited: principal (SONp) and retrochiasmatic (SONr). The neuronal population of the two parts of the SON appears constituted only by magnocellular neurons. The volume of the SONp is 0.039 ± 0.03 mm3 and contains about 762 ± 93 magnocellular cells with a density of 19,151.8 cells/mm3. The volume of the SONr is 0.126 ± 0.03 mm3 and contains about 1,296 ± 132 neurons with a density of 10,536.6 cells/mm3. The three‐dimensional reconstruction reveals that the SONp appears located in a more cephalic, lateral, and dorsal position than the SONr, and a clear discontinuity between the two parts is observed.Conclusions: The present study shows that the classically termed SON, in the hamster, clearly consists of two spatially separated neural populations. The SONr is longer than SONp and has the larger volume and higher number of neurons; however, the neurons of the SONr are smaller in cell area than those of the SONp. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical analysis of compositional data in anatomy
Authors: Howel Denise 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Variables which describe the composition, or relative size of components, of an organism need to be analysed in an appropriate manner.Methods: A few of the appropriate descriptive and inferential techniques have been described and applied to a number of anatomical data sets.Results: When applied to data on the composition of the vastus medialis in adults, a small but significant difference in average muscle fibre type distribution was demonstrated between males and females. There was little evidence for a relationship between fibre type distribution and age over the range considered.Conclusions: Graphical displays via ternary diagrams are a simple way of illustrating compositional data simultaneously between and within groups. Numerical analysis is likely to involve transformation of original variables before standard univariate or multivariate statistical techniques can be used. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.