bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term impact of resilience and extraversion on psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal investigation among individuals with and without mental health disorders
Authors: Schmit Anna , Schurr Timo , Frajo-Apor Beatrice , Pardeller Silvia , Plattner Barbara , Tutzer Franziska , Conca Andreas , Fronthaler Martin , Haring Christian , Holzner Bernhard , Huber Markus , Marksteiner Josef , Miller Carl , Perwanger Verena , Pycha Roger , Schmidt Martin , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara , Hofer Alex 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundOver the past years, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in daily routines. Although the pandemic has affected almost everyone, it has been particularly challenging for people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Therefore, this study investigated the long-term impact of resilience and extraversion on psychological distress in individuals diagnosed with mental health disorders (MHD) compared to the general population. In addition, possible gender-specific differences were investigated.Methods123 patients with pre-existing MHD and 343 control subjects from Austria and Italy participated in three online surveys that had been conducted after the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (t0), during the second lockdown in both countries (t1), and one year thereafter (t2). Participants completed standardized questionnaires on psychological distress (Brief-Symptom-Checklist), resilience (Resilience Scale), and extraversion (Big Five Inventory). A mediation model was employed to test the primary hypothesis. Possible gender-specific differences were analyzed using a moderated mediation model.ResultsThe prevalence of psychological distress was consistently higher in patients compared to controls (t0: 37.3% vs. 13.2%, t1: 38.2% vs 11.7%, t2: 37.4% vs. 13.1%). This between-group difference in psychological distress at the first follow-up was fully mediated by baseline resilience scores (65.4% of the total effect). During the second-follow up, extraversion accounted for 18% of the total effect, whereas resilience slightly decreased to 56% of the total effect. Gender was not a significant moderator in the model.ConclusionNext to showing that people with MHD were particularly affected by the pandemic, these findings indicate that higher degrees of resilience and extraversion are related to less long-term psychological distress. Our findings stress the relevance of strengthening resilience and extraversion and to provide mental health support in times of crises, both to patients with MHD and the general population.
Risk assessment of psychiatric complications in infectious diseases: CALCulation of prognostic indices on example of COVID-19
Authors: Sorokin Mikhail , Markin Kirill , Trufanov Artem , Bocharova Mariia , Tarumov Dmitriy , Krasichkov Alexander , Shichkina Yulia , Medvedev Dmitriy , Zubova Elena 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionFactors such as coronavirus neurotropism, which is associated with a massive increase in pro-inflammatory molecules and neuroglial reactivity, along with experiences of intensive therapy wards, fears of pandemic, and social restrictions, are pointed out to contribute to the occurrence of neuropsychiatric conditions.AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the role of COVID-19 inflammation-related indices as potential markers predicting psychiatric complications in COVID-19.MethodsA total of 177 individuals were examined, with 117 patients from a temporary infectious disease ward hospitalized due to COVID-19 forming the experimental group and 60 patients from the outpatient department showing signs of acute respiratory viral infection comprising the validation group. The PLR index (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) and the CALC index (comorbidity + age + lymphocyte + C-reactive protein) were calculated. Present State Examination 10, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were used to assess psychopathology in the sample. Regression and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, establishment of cutoff values for the COVID-19 prognosis indices, contingency tables, and comparison of means were used.ResultsThe presence of multiple concurrent groups of psychopathological symptoms in the experimental group was associated (R² = 0.28, F = 5.63, p &lt; 0.001) with a decrease in the PLR index and a simultaneous increase in CALC. The Area Under Curve (AUC) for the cutoff value of PLR was 0.384 (unsatisfactory). For CALC, the cutoff value associated with an increased risk of more psychopathological domains was seven points (sensitivity = 79.0%, specificity = 69.4%, AUC = 0.719). Those with CALC &gt; 7 were more likely to have disturbances in orientation (χ² = 13.6; p &lt; 0.001), thinking (χ² = 7.07; p = 0.008), planning ability (χ² = 3.91; p = 0.048). In the validation group, an association (R²McF = 0.0775; p = 0.041) between CALC values exceeding seven points and the concurrent presence of pronounced anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments was demonstrated (OR = 1.52; p = 0.038; AUC = 0.66).DiscussionIn patients with COVID-19, the CALC index may be used for the risk assessment of primary developed mental disturbances in the context of the underlying disease with a diagnostic threshold of seven points.
Young adults’ views on the mechanisms underpinning the impact of pets on symptoms of anxiety and depression
Authors: Hawkins Roxanne D. , Kuo Chih-Hsin , Robinson Charlotte 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionEmerging adulthood is considered a peak age for the onset of mental health difficulties with approximately 75% of mental health disorders being diagnosed during this developmental period. Companion animals confer both risk and benefits to mental health yet the potential underpinning mechanisms which explain such impacts are not fully understood. This study aimed to gather an in-depth understanding of young adults’ lived experience of how their companion dogs and cats may impact their mental health symptoms and the perceived mechanisms which explain their effects.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were carried out with 16 young adults aged 18-26 years, from the United Kingdom, who either had a companion dog, cat, or both. All participants had difficulties with anxiety and or depression, and 12 had received a formal diagnosis of an affective disorder. ResultsFive overarching themes and one subtheme were identified through reflexive thematic analysis using an inductive approach: Theme 1: Pet impact on generalized anxiety and panic, Subtheme 1A: Pet impact on social anxiety and loneliness; Theme 2: Pet impact on low mood, depression, and stress; Theme 3: Pet impact on severe mental health and suicide prevention; Theme 4: Staying well; Theme 5: Positive outlook and successful futures. Several perceived mechanisms underpinning the impacts of pets for mental health were also identified. DiscussionThese findings have relevance for the development and evaluation of mental health interventions and treatment protocols aimed at young adults with mental health difficulties, where companion animals may prove to be effective for symptom management and improvements in positive wellbeing.
Efficacy and acceptability of psilocybin for primary or secondary depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fang Shuping , Yang Xin , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionPsilocybin is a classic psychedelics, which has been shown to have antidepressant effects by many studies in recent years. In this study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of psilocybin in the treatment of primary (major depressive disorder) or secondary (experiencing distress related to life-threatening diagnoses and terminal illness) depression.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov for clinical trials of psilocybin for depression (updated to 4 October, 2023). Effect size Hedges’ g was used as an indicator of efficacy, and other outcomes included response rate, drop-out rate, and adverse events.ResultsA total of 10 studies were finally included in systematic review. 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving a total of 524 adult patients, and produced a large effect size in favor of psilocybin (Hedge’s g =-0.89, 95% CI -1.25~-0.53, I² = 70.19%, P&lt;0.01). The therapeutic effects of psilocybin increase with increasing doses. Adverse events caused by psilocybin are generally transient and reversible, but serious adverse events also may occur.DiscussionOur study shows that psilocybin has both short-term and long-term antidepressant effects and holds promise as a potential complementary or alternative therapy for depression, probably. Further research may reveal more about its therapeutic potential.
Management and outcome of adult generalized tetanus in a Chinese tertiary hospital
Authors: An Yuling , Guo Yi , Li Lijuan , Li Ziyu , Fan Mingming , Peng You , Yi Xiaomeng , Lv Haijin 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundTetanus is a rare surgical infectious disease with a high reported relevant mortality. It still remains a serious problem in public health, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the management and prognosis of adult generalized tetanus in our hospital.MethodsA total of 20 adult generalized tetanus patients were recruited in this retrospective observational study. Patients were retrieved from the hospital data base via discharge diagnosis. Patients were divided into two groups (Severe or Non-severe tetanus group) based on the severity of tetanus by using the Ablett classification. The differences between the two groups were compared.ResultsThe study included 11 males (55%) and 9 females (45%). All tetanus patients recovered. The median age was 53.5 years [IQR: 19–78]. There were 1 mild (Grade 1) case (5%),5 moderate (Grade 2) cases (25%), 2 severe (Grade 3) cases (10%), and 12 very severe (Grade 4) cases (60%). Nineteen patients (95%) did not have tetanus immunization before. The majority of patients were farmers (60%), and came from rural areas (60%). Thirteen (65%) patients had a history of puncture injury. The rate of wound debridement after admission was 60% overall. Thirteen (65%) patients required mechanical ventilation for a median of 21 [IQR:12–41] days. Autonomic instability occurred in 13 (65%) patients. Pulmonary infections occurred in 12 (60%) patients. Median duration of hospital stay was 29.5 [IQR:12–68] days. More patients in the Severe group needed ICU admission, wound debridement, mechanical ventilation and heavy sedation combined with muscle relaxants (p &lt; 0.05). The hospital stay was significantly longer in patients in the Severe group (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionAfter effective treatment, all adult patients with generalized tetanus in this study were cured and discharged. Severe tetanus requires early ICU treatment, wound debridement and effective treatment of autonomic instability.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Frailty Among Older Adults Living With HIV Compared to Their Uninfected Peers From the Kenyan Coast
Authors: Mwangala Patrick N. , Nasambu Carophine , Wagner Ryan G. , Newton Charles R. , Abubakar Amina 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: a) To document the prevalence and correlates of frailty among older adults living with HIV (OALWH) and their uninfected peers, and b) Investigate HIV status as an independent predictor of frailty.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 at the Kenyan coast among 440 older adults aged ≥50 years (257 OALWH). Frailty was assessed using the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of frailty.Results: The prevalence of frailty was significantly higher among OALWH (24%) than their uninfected peers (13%). HIV seropositivity was not independently associated with frailty. Sleeping difficulties, ageism, higher waist/hip ratio, visiting traditional healers, HIV treatment change/interruption, prolonged illness following HIV diagnosis, and self-reported diabetes were significantly associated with higher odds of frailty. Residing in larger households, having higher income, having friends, being male and light physical activities were significantly associated with reduced odds of frailty.Conclusion: The prevalence of frailty is elevated among OALWH; however, factors other than HIV are predominant, particularly psychosocial factors. Multicomponent interventions are needed to prevent/delay and manage frailty in this setting.
Evaluation of the Performance of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Diagnosis and Mapping of Different Plasmodium Species in Mali
Authors: Dembélé Pascal , Cissoko Mady , Diarra Adama Zan , Doumbia Lassana , Koné Aïssata , Magassa Mahamadou H. , Mehadji Maissane , Thera Mahamadou A. , Ranque Stéphane 
Published: February 2024

Background: The first-line diagnosis of malaria in Mali is based on the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) that detect the Histidin Rich Protein 2 (HRP2) antigen specific to Plasmodium falciparum. Our study, based on a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) gold standard, aimed to describe the distribution of the Plasmodium species in each administrative region of Mali and to assess the performance of RDTs. Methods: We randomly selected 150 malaria-negative and up to 30 malaria-positive RDTs in 41 sites distributed in 9 regions of Mali. DNA extracted from the RDT nitrocellulose strip was assayed with a pan-Plasmodium qPCR. Positive samples were then analyzed with P. falciparum-, P. malariae-, P. vivax-, or P. ovale-specific qPCRs. Results: Of the 1496 RDTs, 258 (18.6%) were positive for Plasmodium spp., of which 96.9% were P. falciparum. The P. vivax prevalence reached 21.1% in the north. RDT displayed acceptable diagnostic indices; the lower CI95% bounds of Youden indices were all ≥0.50, except in the north (Youden index 0.66 (95% CI [0.44–0.82]) and 0.63 (95% CI [0.33–0.83]. Conclusions: Overall, RDT diagnostic indices are adequate for the biological diagnosis of malaria in Mali. We recommend the use of RDTs detecting P. vivax-specific antigens in the north.
Prediction of cardiovascular events in older patients with hypertension in primary care: a cohort study
Authors: de Hartog-Keyzer Josephine ML , Pop Victor JM , Rodwell Laura , Nijveldt Robin , Messaoudi Saloua El 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundAccurate risk stratification identifying patients with hypertension at risk of future cardiovascular disease in primary care would be desirable.AimTo investigate the association between elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on an electrocardiogram (ECG), and LVH on an echocardiogram and the development of cardiovascular events (CVEs), especially heart failure and all-cause mortality (ACM), in a primary care population with hypertension without symptoms of heart failure.Design and settingA prospective cohort study in five Dutch general practices between 2010–2012 and 2020.MethodIn total, 530 patients (aged 60–85 years) underwent laboratory testing, ECGs, and echocardiograms at baseline. The incidence of new CVEs and ACM at up to 9 years’ follow-up was recorded by data extraction from the digital information systems.ResultsAmong the 530 participants, 31 (5.8%) developed a coronary event, 44 (8.3%) a cerebrovascular accident, 53 (10.0%) atrial fibrillation, 23 (4.3%) heart failure, and 66 (12.5%) died. Cox regression analyses, adjusting for relevant Framingham covariates, showed that elevated BNP increased the risk of ACM, CVEs, and specifically heart failure independently by 44% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.94,P= −0.017), 45% (HR 1.45, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.82,P= 0.002), and 288% (HR 3.88, 95% CI = 2.13 to 7.10,P<0.001), respectively. LVH on ECG increased the risk of ACM independently by 108% (HR 2.08, 95% CI = 1.14 to 3.81,P= 0.017). LVH either on an ECG and/or echocardiogram increased the risk of heart failure independently by 309% (HR 4.09, 95% CI = 1.34 to 12.49,P= 0.014).ConclusionIn primary care patients with hypertension, BNP seems to be an important marker predicting future CVEs, especially heart failure, as well as all-cause mortality.
Geographic inequalities in need and provision of social prescribing link workers a retrospective study in primary care
Authors: Wilding Anna , Sutton Matthew , Agboraw Efundem , Munford Luke , Wilson Paul 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundLong-term health conditions are major challenges for care systems. Social prescribing link workers have been introduced via primary care networks (PCNs) across England since 2019 to address the wider determinants of health by connecting individuals to activities, groups, or services within their local community.AimTo assess whether the rollout of social prescribing link workers was in areas with the highest need.Design and settingA retrospective study of social prescribing link workers in England from 2019 to 2023.MethodWorkforce, population, survey, and area-level data at the PCN-level from April 2020 to October 2023 were combined. Population need before the rollout of link workers was measured using reported lack of support from local services in the 2019 General Practice Patient Survey. To assess if rollout reflected need, linear regression was used to relate provision of link workers (measured by full-time equivalent [FTE] per 10 000 patients) in each quarter to population need for support.ResultsPopulations in urban, more deprived areas and with higher proportions of people from minority ethnic groups had the highest reported lack of support. Geographically these were in the North West and London. Initially, there was no association between need and provision; then from July 2022, this became negative and significant. By October 2023, a 10-percentage point higher need for support was associated with a 0.035 (95% confidence interval = −0.634 to −0.066) lower FTE per 10 000 patients.ConclusionRollout of link workers has not been sufficiently targeted at areas with the highest need. Future deployments should be targeted at those areas.
Diagnostic challenge of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia infection mimicking interstitial lung disease in initially HIV negative patient
Authors: Kristy Anastasia , Yaniswari Ni Made Dwita 
Published: February 2024

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) infections are common in immunocompromised patients and are rarely found in immunocompetent patients. Lung radiology in PJP patients could mimic the appearance of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and could be used to diagnose HIV-negative patients. Clinicians should rule out false negatives in patients with patterns suggestive of opportunistic infections and risk factors for HIV infection.
Case illustration: A 34-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of shortness of breath, had history of 15 years of smoking, and daily chlorine exposure. The radiology pattern and initial HIV-negative test results suggested an ILD diagnosis. Owing to persistent symptoms despite initial management and the presence of risk factors, repeat HIV testing was initiated and was positive. The patient was treated with cotrimoxazole and showed rapid clinical improvement.
Discussion: The diagnosis of PJP in our patient was based on radiology and an HIV-positive status. In patients who are not immunocompromised, the diagnosis of PJP is unlikely, and other diagnoses, such as ILD, should be considered. However, in the HIV testing window period of infection, a poor advanced state of HIV could cause a false negative result. Therefore, clinical judgement is essential in suspecting such a result. The empirical treatment course of cotrimoxazole has been shown to provide better clinical outcomes in PJP.
Conclusion: The possibility of PJP must be considered in patients with initially HIV-negative results, especially in patients with risk factors and clinical symptoms suggestive of immunocompromise. While some ILD showed similar PJP, the risk factors for ILD and PCP could be distinguishing factors. Retesting for HIV infection can confirm the diagnosis and rule out false-negative results.
Zhāhira al-‘Udūl fi al-Qur’ān al-Karīm
Authors: Mohiddin Noor Khalid , Niama Jinan Hussin 
Published: February 2024

تعد ظاهرة العدول من القضايا التي أشبعت بحثا لدى اللغويين عامة والبلاغيين خاصة، لاسيما أنها تمثل ظاهرة حديثة استعملت في الدرس البلاغي الحديث، فقد كانت الدراسات السابقة تصب على مصطلح الالتفات في النص القرآني والكلام العربي ، فعندما نأتي إلى كتاب الطراز وغيره من الكتب البلاغية التي تناولت هذا الموضوع ستجده جليا بتفسير آيات الله الكريمات, فإذا أردنا أن نوظفه من الجانب اللغوي و البلاغي فهو انزياح وانحراف وتحويل في النص القرآني والشعري ، لدى المتكلم أو الكاتب ، وهكذا .وقد ذكرنا في بحثنا هذا كيف أن الآيات القرآنية تجلت في موضوع العدول ، كما في قوله تعالى : (( ولا تقتلوا أولادهم خشية إملاق )) ، ننظر هنا أن آية اخرى تقابلها مثل(( ولا تقتلوا اولادكم من إملاق) فوقف علماء التفسير والبلاغة على أن الآية الأولى تعني أن الفقر غير حاصل؛ لأنهم يخافون أن يقع ، والثانية بسبب الفقر أي أنه واقع عليهم ، وكأن الأولى موجهة للأغنياء، والثانية موجهة للفقراء ، فهذا لم يكن معلوما لولا هذا الأسلوب (اسلوب العدول) الذي عدل من المصدر إلى الجار و المجرور ، وحتى في التقديم والتأخير والحذف نرى هذا جليا واضحا،وهذا ضرب من أنواع البلاغة العالية التي تكسب النص قيمة أدبية وفنية يمكن أن تكون في باب الإعجاز ، فالقرآن تحدى العرب بإعجازه وفصاحته فرغم معرفتهم بأبواب الفصاحة والبلاغة إلا أنهم لم يستطيعوا الإتيان بمثله ، ويبقى موضوع العدول موضوعاً متشعباً وواسعاً، ويدخل في كل كلام العرب ،لا سيما البلاغي منه
Training dependency of neural network interatomic potential for molecular dynamics simulation of Ru-Si-O mixed system
Authors: Hashimoto Shuichiro , Watanabe Takanobu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigated the training dependency of neural network interatomic potentials for molecular dynamics simulation of a Ru–Si–O mixed system. Our neural network interatomic potential was improved using a data augmentation technique for the training dataset, including data points of reference energies and forces related to reference structures. We demonstrated that the data augmentation technique, focusing on the lattice expansion coefficient of bulk structures in the training dataset, requires moderation to ensure optimal training of the neural network interatomic potential. We found that Ru/SiO2 interfaces were accurately represented using the neural network interatomic potential trained with Ru and SiO2 surfaces in addition to Ru/SiO2 interfaces. In the case of modeling Ru/SiO2 interfaces including unbonded atoms, training the surfaces with unbonded atoms is effective in generalizing the neural network interatomic potential. Our demonstration and finding shed light on the pivotal role of the training dataset on the development of the neural network interatomic potential for the Ru–Si–O mixed system.