bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informal social support characteristics and utilization of parenting support services among low‐income African American mothers of premature infants
Authors: Barton Lauren R. , Roman Lee Anne , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , McKinney Marvin H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractService delivery efforts to attenuate the risks associated with parenting premature infants in poverty often are compromised because those at greatest risk do not use available parenting support services. Yet, relatively little is known about the networks of support surrounding these parents. This study investigated both the characteristics of informal social support within a sample of 31 low‐income, African American mothers of premature infants at high risk for parenting difficulties and their use of community parenting support services. The findings suggest that mothers had small (M = 4.97, SD = 1.80), but highly mobilized, social support networks consisting primarily of family members. Among six different types of support, informational guidance and parenting support were available from the fewest people in participants' networks. Only 32.3% of the sample was aware of and 16.1% of the sample had ever used formal parenting support services. Participants who had received informal support from more than five people in the last month were significantly more likely to have knowledge about existing community parenting support services than those receiving support from smaller social networks. Patterns of knowledge about and utilization of services were examined with regard to network characteristics, perceived maternal desire for more parenting support opportunities than were available, and presence of special needs in the child. The implications of these findings for parenting support programs are discussed. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Evaporation basins: opportunities for cost minimisation in siting, design and construction1
Authors: Singh Jai , Christen E.W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo reduce adverse downstream impacts of saline subsurface drainage water, farmers developing new horticultural developments in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area are required to construct evaporation basins to hold the subsurface drainage water on their property. This creates an additional cost burden upon farmers. This paper reports on a detailed investigation into the cost components of evaporation basin construction. Costs can be minimised by careful site selection and appropriate design. Cost components with high potential for cost minimisation were found to be the site geotechnical investigations, leakage control measures and basin design in terms of shape and number of cells. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Supporting virtual organizations through constraint fusion
Authors: Preece Alun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe formation and operation of dynamic and open virtual organizations is a central concern in business‐to‐business e‐commerce. Virtual organizations enable partner companies to develop and manufacture customized products with low costs and rapid delivery. Agent‐based architectures are an effective platform for such virtual organizations because they provide mechanisms to allow organizations to advertise their capabilities, exchange rich information, and synchronize workflows at a high level of abstraction. In this paper, we examine the KRAFT architecture and its features for supporting virtual organizations. In particular, we focus upon KRAFT's agent‐based architecture, and its use of constraints as a knowledge‐exchange medium. We show how constraint fusion supports the design of customized products. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decision making using time‐dependent knowledge: knowledge augmentation using qualitative reasoning
Authors: Yu Song Jin , Park Sang Chan , Wang Jyun‐Cheng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we propose a method to enhance the performance of knowledge‐based decision‐support systems, knowledge of which is volatile and incomplete by nature in a dynamically changing situation, by providing meta‐knowledge augmented by the Qualitative Reasoning (QR) approach. The proposed system intends to overcome the potential problem of completeness of the knowledge base. Using the deep meta‐knowledge incorporated into the QR module, along with the knowledge we gain from applying inductive learning, we then identify the ongoing process and amplify the effects of each pending process to the attribute values. In doing so, we apply the QR models to enhance or reveal the patterns which are otherwise less obvious. The enhanced patterns can eventually be used to improve the classification of the data samples. The success factor hinges on the completeness of the QR process knowledge base. With enough processes taking place, the influences of each process will lead prediction in a direction that can reflect more of the current trend. The preliminary results are successful and shed light on the smooth introduction of Qualitative Reasoning to the business domain from the physical laboratory application. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐dose intravenous paraoxon exposure does not cause organophosphate‐induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in mini pigs
Authors: Petroianu G. , Hardt F. , Toomes M. , Bergler W. , Rüfer R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds are inhibitors of serine hydrolases. Some of these compounds produce, in addition to their high acute toxicity, a more persistent effect: organophosphate‐induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). The putative molecular entity whose inhibition is thought to be responsible for OPIDN is the neuropathy target esterase (NTE). Although in vitro NTE is resistant to paraoxon (PX), occasional case reports have associated PX with OPIDN.To assess clinically whether or not high‐dose i.v. PX causes OPIDN in mini pigs, 14 mini pigs were anaesthesized, intubated and mechanically ventilated. In a first set of experiments eight pigs received 1 mg PX kg−1 body weight (BW) dissolved in alcohol. Two control animals received alcohol in a corresponding amount. After infusion of PX, survival of the animals during the acute phase of intoxication was achieved by intensive‐care support, using appropriate drugs and fluids according to a pre‐established protocol. The mini pigs were extubated 1036 ± 363 min later (mean ± SD). The pigs were observed prior to PX application and for 6 weeks thereafter for any abnormalities and/or signs of OPIDN, such as leg weakness, ataxia and paralysis. Observations were graded on a scale for three categories (position, motor deficiency, reaction), with a maximal cumulative score of 9. In a second set of experiments (four additional pigs) larger PX doses were used (3, 9, 27 and 81 mg kg−1 BW).After recovering from general anaesthesia/surgery, within 2 weeks all animals reached the initial score on the scale. It can be concluded that high‐dose i.v. PX exposure does not induce OPIDN in mini pigs during the 6‐week observation period. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peritoneal toxicity of water: a model of chronic peritonitis caused by osmotic dysequilibrium in rats
Authors: Levine Seymour , Saltzman Arthur 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to determine whether the osmotic dysequilibrium created by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pure water has any permanent, damaging toxic sequelae. Rats were injected i.p. with pure water on five successive days. Necropsies were performed 1 week after the last injection. Necropsies revealed fibrosis of peritoneal surfaces of liver and spleen, similar to the effects of chemical irritants but milder. The severity of the lesions depended on the dose of water and the number of injections. A few minutes of contact with pure water was sufficient to ensure subsequent development of fibrosis. Soon after the initial injury, the inoculum became less hypotonic and then isotonic. Isotonic or moderately hypotonic electrolyte solutions did not produce peritoneal fibrosis but very hypotonic solutions were toxic. Injection of the synthetic compound 48/80, which is known to cause discharge of mast cell granules, did not produce peritonitis, nor was contamination by endotoxin or by blood responsible for the lesions. Injection of water may be a useful method for investigating the role, if any, of mast cells and/or mesothelial cells in the toxic effects of osmotic dysequilibrium. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apatite‐forming ability of a zirconia/alumina nano‐composite induced by chemical treatment
Authors: Uchida Masaki , Kim Hyun‐Min , Kokubo Tadashi , Nawa Masahiro , Asano Taiyo , Tanaka Kenji , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInduction of an apatite‐forming ability on a nano‐composite of a ceria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Ce‐TZP) and alumina (Al2O3) polycrystals via chemical treatment with aqueous solutions of H3PO4, H2SO4, HCl, or NaOH has been investigated. The Ce‐TZP/Al2O3 composite is attractive as a load‐bearing bone substitute because of its mechanical properties. The chemical treatments produced Zr‐OH surface functional groups, which are known to be effective for apatite nucleation in a body environment. The composite, after chemical treatment, was shown to form a bonelike apatite layer when immersed in a simulated body fluid containing ion concentrations nearly equal to those in human blood plasma. This implies that it may form apatite in the living body and bond to living bone through the apatite layer. This type of bioactive Ce‐TZP/Al2O3 composite is therefore expected to be useful as a bone substitute, even under load‐bearing conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 277–282, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10071
Storage of single donor platelet concentrates: Paired comparison of storage as single or double concentrates
Authors: Glaser Anke , Friedlein Hans , Zingsem Jürgen , Zimmermann Robert , Weisbach Volker , Ruf Andreas , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: August 2002

AbstractModern cell separators allow the collection of two plateletpheresis concentrates (PCs) at one session. This study evaluates the quality of PCs stored as double concentrates in standard storage containers of two manufacturers. We collected 20 PCs that contained 4.5 × 1011 platelets in 375 ml plasma (10 using the COBE Spectra and 10 using the Fresenius AS.TEC 204 with 500 ml bags) that were split into one unit of 3.0 × 1011 platelets in 250 ml (3.0‐PC) and one of 1.5 × 1011 platelets in 125 ml (1.5‐PC). Storage of one 3.0‐PC per bag of a two‐bag system corresponded to storage conditions for double PCs and storage of one 1.5‐PC per bag to storage conditions of single PCs. Cell counts, blood gas analysis, glucose and lactate levels, platelet aggregation, and activation and plasma levels of β‐ thromboglobulin (β‐TG) and complement factor 3a (C3a) were measured before storage and again on days 3 and 5. COBE 3.0‐PCs demonstrated less pH rise, lactate production, CD 62P expression and β‐TG plasma levels, and better aggregability after storage than COBE 1.5‐PCs. Fresenius 1.5‐PCs had similar platelet quality to COBE 3.0‐PCs. Fresenius 3.0‐PCs showed a fall of pH (day 5: 6.22 ± 0.56), the highest amount of anaerobic glycolysis compared to all other storage conditions investigated, high CD 62P‐ expression and β‐TG plasma levels, and impaired aggregability on days 3 and 5. The highest C3a levels were found in COBE 1.5‐PCs. 3.0 × 1011 platelets in 250 ml plasma should be stored either in one bag of the COBE system or in two 500 ml bags of the Fresenius system. The COBE two‐bag system allows the storage of two PCs without loss of platelet quality. Two PCs should not be stored in the Fresenius C4L 500 ml storage containers. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:148‐154, 2000. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein nucleation and crystallization by homologous protein thin film template
Authors: Pechkova Eugenia , Nicolini Claudio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new method of protein nucleation and crystallization based on Langmuir–Blodgett technology is here utilized for the template stimulation of crystal growth of so far non‐crystallized proteins. Microcrystals (60–120 μm) of bovine cytochrome P450scc and human protein kinase CKII alpha subunit were obtained with use of the homologous protein thin film template by vapor diffusion modified hanging drop method. The induction of microcrystals nucleation by the thin template confirms in the two different important classes of proteins, until now never crystallized, the positive stimulatory influence for crystal formation of protein thin film template, which was observed in an earlier study with a model system (chicken egg white lysozyme) as an unexpected acceleration and enhancement in the crystal growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 243–251, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drosophila no‐dependent guanylyl cyclase is finely regulated by sequential order of coincidental signaling
Authors: Zhang Lixing , Tinette Sylvette , Robichon Alain 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigate the mechanism of regulation of Drosophila‐soluble guanylate cyclase. Multiple putative sites of phosphorylation for the major kinases are present on both subunits of the heterodimer. We show that NO activation after binding to the heme group, is specifically modulated by sequential phosphorylations. PKA increases the NO stimulation at optimum level when both subunits are phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by CK (casein kinase‐like) first, inhibits the PKA phosphorylation of the alpha subunit and limits the PKA upregulation of the cyclase activity. However, PKA phosphorylation first didn't prevent CK phosphorylation of the two subunits and the sequence PKA/CK induces higher level of NO activation than CK/PKA. These phosphorylations occur independently of NO binding and the direct inhibitory effect of calcium is observed for all the sCG forms. These data show that the sGC activity is regulated in a complex way, and the well‐known asymmetry of the two subunits appears to cause the reading of the sequence of regulatory signals. This qualifies sGC as molecular detector on which converge coincidental and/or sequential neuronal signals. Furthermore, due to the fact that NO induction is huge (more than 600‐fold obtained with the mammal counterpart), we might consider that any variation in kinases activation and/or calcium concentration in micro area of neuronal processes, provokes locally significant quantitative difference of cGMP synthesis in presence of diffusing NO. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 392–402, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a TM‐4 type tropomyosin that is essential for myofibrillogenesis and contractile activity in embryonic hearts of the Mexican axolotl*
Authors: Spinner Belinda J. , Zajdel Robert W. , McLean Matthew D. , Denz Christopher R. , Dube Syamalima , Mehta Sonali , Choudhury Aruna , Nakatsugawa Masako , Dobbins Nancy , Lemanski Larry F. , Dube Dipak K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA striated muscle isoform of a Tropomyosin (TM‐4) gene was characterized and found to be necessary for contractile function in embryonic heart. The full‐length clone of this isoform was isolated from the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and named Axolotl Tropomyosin Cardiac‐3 (ATmC‐3). The gene encoded a cardiac‐specific tropomyosin protein with 284 amino acid residues that demonstrated high homology to the Xenopus cardiac TM‐4 type tropomyosin. Northern blot analysis indicates a transcript of ∼1.25 kb in size. RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization demonstrated that this isoform is predominantly in cardiac tissue. Our laboratory uses an animal model that carries a cardiac lethal mutation (gene c), this mutation results in a greatly diminished level of tropomyosin protein in the ventricle. Transfection of ATmC‐3 DNA into mutant hearts increased tropomyosin levels and promoted myofibrillogenesis. ATmC‐3 expression was blocked in normal hearts by transfection of exon‐specific anti‐sense oligonucleotide (AS‐ODN). RT‐PCR confirmed lower transcript expression of ATmC‐3 and in vitro analysis confirmed the specificity of the ATmC‐3 exon 2 anti‐sense oligonucleotide. These AS‐ODN treated hearts also had a disruption of myofibril organization and disruption of synchronous contractions. These results demonstrated that a striated muscle isoform of the TM‐4 gene was expressed embryonically and was necessary for normal structure and function of the ventricle. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 747–761, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression patterns of vitamin D receptor in human prostate
Authors: Krill D. , DeFlavia P. , Dhir R. , Luo J. , Becich M.J. , Lehman E. , Getzenberg R.H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUV exposure and serum levels of vitamin D have been linked in several studies with prostate cancer risk. At the cellular level, the principal action of vitamin D is mediated though vitamin D receptors (VDR). Since prostate cancer is a disease strongly associated with age, we examined the presence of VDR in normal prostate from donors of various ages to determine if the VDR expression pattern changed with age. We also compared the VDR expression in the peripheral and central zones of the prostate to determine if the expression pattern varied by location. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue from cases selected by the following age decades; 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69. Both the central and peripheral zones were examined for VDR expression. The intensity of VDR expression in prostate was compared with expression in different types of human tissues. Mean VDR expression was lowest in the 10–19 years of age group. The intensity of the nuclear VDR was higher though the fifth decade, and then declined in cases of ages 60–70. When multiple sections of the same donor prostate were compared, VDR expression was greater in the peripheral zone compared to the central zone. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 566–572, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of proteins that interact with BRCA1 by Far‐Western library screening
Authors: Yarden Ronit I. , Brody Lawrence C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProtein–protein interactions control numerous biological processes. In the case of a protein with no known function, identification of interacting proteins may lend insight into its cellular function. Protein–protein interactions are often detected by yeast two‐hybrid screening which is based on a transcriptional read‐out. One limitation of this technique is that transcription factors, when used as bait, frequently impair the effectiveness of this screen because they give rise to high levels of false positives. The carboxyl terminus of the breast cancer tumor suppressor gene, BRCA1, contains two BRCT motifs, a motif found in several DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint proteins. This region of BRCA1 also exhibits an intrinsic transcriptional transactivation activity when bound to DNA as a fusion protein, thereby limiting its use in yeast two‐hybrid screen. In order to isolate proteins that interact with this domain of BRCA1, we utilized a Far‐Western screen, a method based on direct protein binding. We used recombinant histidine‐tagged BRCT as the primary protein probe. We isolated eight cDNAs that bind to the BRCT domain of BRCA1. Further analysis demonstrated that two of the clones encode for proteins that interact directly with the BRCT domain of BRCA1. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 521–531, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relativistic electronic structure theory
Authors: Nakajima Takahito , Yanai Takeshi , Hirao Kimihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe theoretical and technical foundations are presented for the efficient relativistic electronic structure theories to treat heavy‐atomic molecular systems. This review contains two surveys of four‐component and two‐component quasi‐relativistic approaches. First, we review our highly efficient computational scheme for four‐component relativistic ab initio molecular orbital (MO) methods over generally contracted spherical harmonic Gaussian‐type spinors (GTSs). Illustrative calculations, which are performed with a new four‐component relativistic ab initio molecular orbital program package REL4D, clearly show the efficiency of our computational scheme by the Dirac–Hartree–Fock (DHF) and Dirac–Hartree–Fock (DKS) methods. Next, in the two‐component quasi‐relativistic framework, two relativistic Hamiltonians, RESC and higher order Douglas–Kroll (DK) Hamiltonians, are introduced, and several illustrative calculations are shown. Numerical results for several systems show that good accuracy can be obtained with our third‐order DK (DK3) Hamiltonian. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 847–860, 2002
Revisiting the generator coordinate approximation for calculating the ro‐vibrational energies of H\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{3}^{+}$\end{document}
Authors: Liu Chao‐Ping , Soares Neto J. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Generator Coordinate Approximation, a relatively recent approximation formulated to solve systems of three or more bodies, is tested for its accuracy and viability by applying it to calculate the ro‐vibrational energies of the triatomic system H\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{3}^{+}$\end{document}. We employ in this work a recently formulated basis called the Numerically Generated‐Discrete Variable Representation for the wave function and test it against the well‐known Finite Element Method basis. Comparison of the two results and with other results shows a tentative superiority of the Numerically Generated‐Discrete Variable Representation. In addition, many new physical properties of the Generator Coordinate Approximation were discovered. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 2028–2039, 2001
Bounds on the number of Hadamard designs of even order
Authors: Lam Clement , Lam Sigmund , Tonchev Vladimir D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new lower bound on the number of non‐isomorphic Hadamard symmetric designs of even order is proved. The new bound improves the bound on the number of Hadamard designs of order 2n given in [12] by a factor of 8n − 1 for every odd n > 1, and for every even n such that 4n − 1 > 7 is a prime. For orders 8, 10, and 12, the number of non‐isomorphic Hadamard designs is shown to be at least 22,478,260, 1.31 × 1015, and 1027, respectively. For orders 2n = 14, 16, 18 and 20, a lower bound of (4n − 1)! is proved. It is conjectured that (4n − 1)! is a lower bound for all orders 2n ≥ 14. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 363‐378, 2001
Is skeletal muscle damaged by the oxidative stress following anaerobic exercise?
Authors: Ihara Hiroshi , Shino Yoshio , Morita Yoshikazu , Kawaguchi Emiko , Hashizume Naotaka , Yoshida Mitsutaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated whether the injury of skeletal muscle owing to the action of free radicals and the subsequent oxidative damage to tissues occurred during anaerobic exercise. To estimate injury to skeletal muscle, we determined certain indices of oxidative damage to skeletal muscle; i.e., leukocyte counts, concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, urate, tissue‐ and serum‐type CK‐M isoforms, myoglobin, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum. Blood for these tests was collected at 3 min post‐exercise. Post‐anaerobic exercise concentrations of lactate were significantly increased from pre‐exercise. The neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and alanine concentration were significantly increased by anaerobic exercise, even when the results were corrected for plasma volume changes; the plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine, urate, and TAC of serum were also significantly increased. The plasma concentration of xanthine was negatively correlated with TAC of serum. The activities of tissue‐ and serum‐type CK‐M were significantly increased post‐exercise. When the hypoxanthine, urate, TAC of serum, myoglobin, and tissue‐ and serum‐type CK‐M were corrected for plasma volume changes, the post‐exercise increases were no longer significantly different from the pre‐exercise results. We suggest that these latter test results following anaerobic exercise exclude the presence of oxidative damage to skeletal muscle. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:239–243, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.