bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LungDepth: Self‐Supervised Multi‐Frame Monocular Depth Estimation for Bronchoscopy
Authors: Xu Jingsheng , Guan Bo , Zhao Jianchang , Yi Bo , Li Jianmin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBronchoscopy is an essential measure for conducting lung biopsies in clinical practice. It is crucial for advancing the intelligence of bronchoscopy to acquire depth information from bronchoscopic image sequences.MethodsA self‐supervised multi‐frame monocular depth estimation approach for bronchoscopy is constructed. Networks are trained by minimising the photometric reprojection error between the target frame and the reconstructed target frame. The adaptive dual attention module and the details emphasis module are introduced to better capture the edge contour and internal details. In addition, the approach is evaluated on a self‐made dataset and compared against other established methods.ResultsExperimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other self‐supervised monocular depth estimation approaches in both quantitative measurement and qualitative analysis.ConclusionOur monocular depth estimation approach for bronchoscopy achieves superior performance in terms of error and accuracy, and passes physical model validations, which can facilitate further research into intelligent bronchoscopic procedures.
The Impact of High Burden Idiopathic Premature Ventricular Contractions in Pediatric versus Adult Populations. A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Allam Lamyaa Elsayed , Nabih Mervat Aboulmaaty , Helal Mohamed Basyouni , Allam Abdallah R. , Ali Ahmed Nabil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can occur in up to 40% of children with structurally normal hearts. The study aims to assess the impact of high-burden idiopathic PVCs on children in comparison with adults in terms of symptoms, distribution of origin, management strategies, and safety considerations. This is a single-center retrospective cohort study that included patients with frequent PVCs (> 10% burden in Holter monitoring) and categorized by age into adult group (≥ 18 years) and pediatric group. Data encompassed demographic profiles, clinical symptoms, echocardiographic findings, electrocardiographic analyses, and one-year follow-up management. A total of 224 PVC cases were collected during a 2-year study (120 children and 104 adults). Syncope occurred significantly more in children than adults (15.8% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.003). In children, the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) free wall was the predominant site (48 patients; 40%), while the septal RVOT was most common in adults (35 patients; 33.7%). Pediatric cases exhibited significantly higher PVCs originating from the outflow tract (92.5% vs. 69.2%; p = 0.001). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between groups regarding the safety, acute, and one-year outcomes of RF ablation. Age disparities were evident in syncope incidence and PVC origin, with no variance in PVC-induced myopathy prevalence or the safety and outcomes of RF catheter ablation between children and adults.
Recent advances in sustainable biopolymer films incorporating vanillin for enhanced food preservation and packaging
Authors: Matar Ghassan H. , Andac Muberra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With advances in food technology and research, the usability and effectiveness of biopolymer blended films are evolving rapidly. Sustainable biopolymer films derived from natural sources such as chitosan, alginate, gelatin, pectin, starch, and protein have attracted great attention due to their biodegradability and environmental benefits. Recent studies have shown that the integration of vanillin into biopolymer films generally offers enhanced mechanical strength, barrier properties, UV protection properties, and bioactive characteristics for efficient protection of food quality and extending shelf life. This review focuses on the newest developments in sustainable biopolymer films integrated with vanillin, with an emphasis on their preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, action mechanisms, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and potential uses in food preservation and packaging, along with the metrics of publications. Using vanillin in biopolymer films for food packaging is safe and environmentally friendly, and it maintains food quality after it's been harvested, showing a significant advance with exciting prospects for further study. Overall, incorporating vanillin into biopolymer films signifies a promising step forward in creating environmentally friendly and effective solutions for food packaging.

Graphical abstract
MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 immunohistochemistry as highly sensitive screening method for DNA mismatch repair deficiency syndromes in pediatric high-grade glioma
Authors: Friker Lea L. , Perwein Thomas , Waha Andreas , Dörner Evelyn , Klein Rebecca , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Layer Julian P. , Sturm Dominik , Nussbaumer Gunther , Kwiecien Robert , Spier Isabel , Aretz Stefan , Kerl Kornelius , Hennewig Ulrike , Rohde Marius , Karow Axel , Bluemcke Ingmar , Schmitz Ann Kristin , Reinhard Harald , Hernáiz Driever Pablo , Wendt Susanne , Weiser Annette , Guerreiro Stücklin Ana S. , Gerber Nicolas U. , von Bueren André O. , Khurana Claudia , Jorch Norbert , Wiese Maria , Kratz Christian P. , Eyrich Matthias , Karremann Michael , Herrlinger Ulrich , Hölzel Michael , Jones David T. W. , Hoffmann Marion , Pietsch Torsten , Gielen Gerrit H. , Kramm Christof M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pedHGG) can occur as first manifestation of cancer predisposition syndromes resulting from pathogenic germline variants in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2. The aim of this study was to establish a generalized screening for Lynch syndrome and constitutional MMR deficiency (CMMRD) in pedHGG patients, as the detection of MMR deficiencies (MMRD) may enable the upfront therapeutic use of checkpoint inhibitors and identification of variant carriers in the patients’ families. We prospectively enrolled 155 centrally reviewed primary pedHGG patients for MMR-immunohistochemistry (IHC) as part of the HIT-HGG-2013 trial protocol. MMR-IHC results were subsequently compared to independently collected germline sequencing data (whole exome sequencing or pan-cancer DNA panel next-generation sequencing) available in the HIT-HGG-2013, INFORM, and MNP2.0 trials. MMR-IHC could be successfully performed in 127/155 tumor tissues. The screening identified all present cases with Lynch syndrome or CMMRD (5.5%). In addition, MMR-IHC also detected cases with exclusive somatic MMR gene alterations (2.3%), including MSH2 hypermethylation as an alternative epigenetic silencing mechanism. Most of the identified pedHGG MMRD patients had no family history of MMRD, and thus, they represented index patients in their families. Cases with regular protein expression in MMR-IHC never showed evidence for MMRD in DNA sequencing. In conclusion, MMR-IHC presents a cost-effective, relatively widely available, and fast screening method for germline MMRD in pedHGG with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96%). Given the relatively high prevalence of previously undetected MMRD cases among pedHGG patients, we strongly recommend incorporating MMR-IHC into routine diagnostics.
Exploring biologically inspired mechanisms of adversarial robustness
Authors: Holzhausen Konstantin , Merlid Mia , Torvik Håkon Olav , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders , Lepperød Mikkel Elle 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Backpropagation-optimized artificial neural networks, while precise, lack robustness, leading to unforeseen behaviors that affect their safety. Biological neural systems do solve some of these issues already. Unlike artificial models, biological neurons adjust connectivity based on neighboring cell activity. Understanding the biological mechanisms of robustness can pave the way toward building trustworthy and safe systems. Robustness in neural representations is hypothesized to correlate with the smoothness of the encoding manifold. Recent work suggests power law covariance spectra, which were observed studying the primary visual cortex of mice, to be indicative of a balanced trade-off between accuracy and robustness in representations. Here, we show that unsupervised local learning models with winner takes all dynamics learn such power law representations, providing upcoming studies a mechanistic model with that characteristic. Our research aims to understand the interplay between geometry, spectral properties, robustness, and expressivity in neural representations. Hence, we study the link between representation smoothness and spectrum by using weight, Jacobian and spectral regularization while assessing performance and adversarial robustness. Our work serves as a foundation for future research into the mechanisms underlying power law spectra and optimally smooth encodings in both biological and artificial systems. The insights gained may elucidate the mechanisms that realize robust neural networks in mammalian brains and inform the development of more stable and reliable artificial systems.
Sustainability Nexus AID: soil health
Authors: Shokri Nima , Aminzadeh Milad , Flury Markus , Jin Yan , Matin Mir A. , Panagos Panos , Razavi Bahar S. , Robinson David A. , Smith Pete , Todd-Brown Katherine , Toth Gergely , Zarei Azin , Madani Kaveh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Sustainability Nexus Analytics, Informatics, and Data (AID) Programme of the United Nations University (UNU), aims to provide information, data, computational, and analytical tools to support the sustainable management and long-term security of natural resources using a nexus approach. This paper introduces the Soil Health Module of the Sustainability Nexus AID Programme. Healthy soil is crucial for life on Earth, and it is essential for ecosystem services and functioning, access to clean water, socioeconomic structure, biodiversity, and food security for the growing population of the world. Healthy soils contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change and reduce the consequences of extreme events such as flooding and drought. Healthy soils influence the hydrologic cycle by regulating transpiration, water infiltration, and soil water evaporation affecting land–atmosphere interactions. The Soil Health Module of the UNU Sustainability Nexus AID Programme aims to evolve into the ultimate focal point, supporting a diverse array of stakeholders with state-of-the-art data and tools that are essential for soil health monitoring and projection. This paper discusses the importance of adopting a nexus approach for ensuring soil health, explores the AID tools currently at our disposal for quantifying and predicting soil health, and concludes with recommendations for future effort and direction within the Sustainability Nexus AID Programme concerning soil health.
Impact of Water Saturation on the Anisotropic Elastic Moduli of a Gas Shale
Authors: Kim Jinwoo , Ferrari Alessio , Ewy Russell , Duranti Luca , Laloui Lyesse 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How water saturation affects elastic properties is particularly important for analyses of gas shales in unconventional reservoirs, but experimental data in defined partially saturated conditions are rare. We show that the elastic moduli of a gas shale vary significantly with water saturation whereas the static anisotropy does not. A series of repeated hydrostatic compression were carried out on a gas shale specimen at various water saturation states to determine the elastic moduli (

$${E}_{\text{v}}$$

E
v

and

$${E}_{\text{h}}$$

E
h

) as a function of degree of saturation (

$${S}_{\text{r}}$$

S
r

). The elastic moduli were calculated from the reversible stress–strain curves after repeating confining pressure cycles. We found that, while water saturation increases, the elastic moduli peak at intermediate degree of saturation and then decreases to the minimum value at quasi-saturation. This evolution of the elastic moduli with degree of saturation may be explained by unifying two water retention mechanisms, adsorption and capillarity, that have overall competing effects on the stiffness. It is believed that adsorption softens the gas shale by reducing the friction of the load-bearing clay matrix, while capillary menisci stiffen the gas shale by providing stabilizing forces. The Young’s modulus anisotropy (

$${E}_{\text{h}}/{E}_{\text{v}}$$

E
h

/

E
v

) did not show appreciable change with degree of saturation. Confining pressure seems to be a more important control on changes in the static anisotropy. Analyzing the volumetric behavior of gas shales in unconventional reservoirs should take into account the degree of saturation dependency. Extrapolating the experimental results to in-situ conditions must be done with great care.
Transient flow-induced deformation of cancer cells in microchannels: a general computational model and experiments
Authors: Lu R. , Li J. , Guo Z. , Wang Z. , Feng J. J. , Sui Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, the present authors proposed a three-dimensional computational model for the transit of suspended cancer cells through a microchannel (Wang et al. in Biomech Model Mechanobiol 22: 1129-1143, 2023). The cell model takes into account the three major subcellular components: A viscoelastic membrane that represents the lipid bilayer supported by the underlying cell cortex, a viscous cytoplasm, and a nucleus modelled as a smaller microcapsule. The cell deformation and its interaction with the surrounding fluid were solved by an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. The computational model accurately recovered the transient flow-induced deformation of the human leukaemia HL-60 cells in a constricted channel. However, as a general modelling framework, its applicability to other cell types in different flow geometries remains unknown, due to the lack of quantitative experimental data. In this study, we conduct experiments of the transit of human prostate cancer (PC-3) and leukaemia (K-562) cells, which represent solid and liquid tumour cell lines, respectively, through two distinct microchannel geometries, each dominated by shear and extension flow. We find that the two cell lines have qualitatively similar flow-induced dynamics. Comparisons between experiments and numerical simulations suggest that our model can accurately predict the transient cell deformation in both geometries, and that it can serve as a general modelling framework for the dynamics of suspended cancer cells in microchannels.
Geometry from geodesics: fine-tuning Ehlers, Pirani, and Schild
Authors: Wheeler James T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ehlers, Pirani, and Schild argued that measurements of null and timelike geodesics yield Weyl and projective connections, respectively, with compatibility in the lightlike limit giving an integrable Weyl connection. Their conclusions hold only for a 4-dim representation of the conformal connection on the null cone, and by restricting reparameterizations of timelike geodesics to yield a torsion-free, affine connection. An arbitrary connection gives greater freedom. A linear connection for the conformal symmetry of null geodesics requires the SO(4,2) representation. The enlarged class of projective transformations of timelike geodesics changes Weyl’s projective curvature, and we find invariant forms of the torsion and nonmetricity, along with a new, invariant, second rank tensor field generalizing the dilatational curvature without requiring a metric. We show that either projective or conformal connections require a monotonic, twice differentiable function on a spacetime region foliated by order isomorphic, totally ordered, twice differentiable timelike curves in a necessarily Lorentzian geometry. We prove that the conditions for projective and conformal Ricci flatness imply each other and gauge choices within either can reduce the geometry to the original Riemannian form. Thus, measurements of null and timelike geodesics lead to an SO(4,2) connection, with no requirement for a lightlike limit. Reduction to integrable Weyl symmetry can only follow from the field equations of a gravity theory. We show that the simplest quadratic spacetime action leads to this reduction.
Evaluation of HPV and Related Cancer Awareness and Vaccination Attitudes Among Patients with Anogenital Warts: a Survey-Based Study
Authors: Solak Berna , Arslan Mustafa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate awareness of HPV and its associated cancers, attitudes toward HPV vaccination, and vaccination rates in individuals with anogenital warts. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital using a questionnaire completed by individuals diagnosed with anogenital warts. A total of 105 respondents were included in the study, comprising 80 males (76.2%) and 25 females (23.8%). The mean age of participants was 34.7 ± 11.2 years. HPV awareness was 70.5%, while cervical cancer awareness was 38.1%. Women demonstrated significantly higher levels of HPV and cervical cancer awareness, as well as knowledge of Pap smear testing, compared to men. Women were also significantly more likely than men to express willingness to vaccinate their children against HPV (84.0% vs. 58.8%, p = 0.039). Higher education levels were associated with increased awareness of HPV, HPV vaccination, and willingness to vaccinate children. Physicians were the primary source of HPV-related information across the cohort. HPV vaccine awareness was 73.3%, but the overall vaccination rate was only 10.5%, with women showing significantly higher vaccination rates than men (24% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.021). The most commonly reported barriers to vaccination were cost (60%) and lack of information (45.7%). None of the participants had vaccinated their children. This study highlights that awareness of HPV and its vaccination is associated with gender and education level but does not translate into higher vaccination rates. Efforts should focus on targeting men and individuals with lower educational attainment by strengthening physicians’ roles in public education. Incorporating HPV vaccination into national programs and implementing culturally tailored campaigns may effectively improve vaccination rates.
The impact of breast surgery and systemic therapy on the survival of patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer
Authors: Tokunaga Eriko , Koi Yumiko , Tajiri Wakako , Koga Chinami , Ijichi Hideki , Akiyoshi Sayuri , Kawasaki Junji , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Taguchi Kenichi , Okamoto Masahiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Systemic therapy (ST) is essential for de novo stage IV breast cancer (BC). Stage IV BCs are highly heterogeneous, and it seems inappropriate to treat all de novo stage IV BCs equally. The survival benefit of surgery for primary sites in patients with de novo stage IV BC remains inconclusive.

Patients and methods
We investigated 220 patients with clinical de novo stage IV BC. The relationship between primary site surgery and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Factors such as tumor subtype, timing of surgery, and efficacy of ST were also evaluated.

Results
The median follow-up time was 37.9 (0.5–201.7) months. In the total cohort, the median OS of the patients with and without primary site surgery was 70.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 58.4–107.3) and 42.7 months (95% CI 35.7–48.8), respectively. The OS was significantly longer in patients who underwent primary site surgery, especially in the hormone receptor (HR) + /HER2- and HER2 + subtypes, but not in the triple-negative subtype. OS prolongation was significant in patients who underwent surgery ≥ 24 months after the first diagnosis and in whom the first-line ST was effective for ≥ 24 months. Primary site surgery was a good prognostic factor in both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Conclusions
The OS was significantly longer in patients with de novo stage IV BC who underwent primary site surgery than in those who did not undergo surgery. Our results suggest that the tumor subtypes, efficacy of ST, and timing of surgery influenced the benefits of surgery.
Analysis and computations of a stochastic Cahn–Hilliard model for tumor growth with chemotaxis and variable mobility
Authors: Fritz Marvin , Scarpa Luca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we present and analyze a system of PDEs, which models tumor growth by taking into account chemotaxis, active transport, and random effects. Tumor growth may undergo erratic behaviors such as metastases that cannot be predicted simply using deterministic models. Moreover, random perturbations are evident in models accounting for therapeutic treatment in terms of therapy uncertainty or parameter identification problems. The stochasticity of the system is modeled by Wiener noises that appear in the tumor and nutrient equations. The volume fraction of the tumor is governed by a stochastic phase-field equation of Cahn–Hilliard type, and the mass density of the nutrients is modeled by a stochastic reaction-diffusion equation. We allow a variable mobility function and nonincreasing growth functions, such as logistic and Gompertzian growth. Via approximation and stochastic compactness arguments, we prove the existence of a probabilistic weak solution and, in the case of constant mobilities, the well-posedness of the model in the strong probabilistic sense. Lastly, we propose a numerical approximation based on the Galerkin finite element method in space and the semi-implicit Euler–Maruyama scheme in time. We illustrate the effects of stochastic forcings in tumor growth in several numerical simulations.
Using Free-Living Heart Rate Data as an Objective Method to Assess Physical Activity: A Scoping Review and Recommendations by the INTERLIVE-Network Targeting Consumer Wearables
Authors: Schumann Moritz , Feuerbacher Joshua F. , Heinrich Lars , Olvera-Rojas Marcos , Sclafani Alessandro , Brønd Jan Christian , Grøntved Anders , Caulfield Brian , Ekelund Ulf , Bloch Wilhelm , Cheng Sulin , Sardinha Luis B. , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wearable technologies open up new avenues for the assessment of individual physical activity behaviour. Particularly, free-living heart rate (HR) data assessed by optical sensors are becoming widely available. However, while an abundancy of scientific information and guidance exists for the processing of raw acceleration data, no universal recommendations for the utilization of continuous HR recordings during free-living conditions are available. Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being: Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE®) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The consortium was founded in 2019 and strives towards developing best-practice recommendations in the context of consumer wearables and smartphones. The aim of this scoping review (following PRISMA-ScR procedures) and recommendations was to provide best-practice protocols for deriving individual physical activity profiles from continuous HR recordings by wearables. The recommendations were developed through an initial scoping review, grey literature searches of promotional material and user manuals of leading wearable manufacturers as well as evidence-informed discussions among the members of the INTERLIVE®-network. The scoping review was performed on the generic domains required for physical activity assessment, namely: (1) ‘assessment of maximal heart rate’, (2) ‘determination of basal and/or resting heart rate’ and (3) ‘heart rate-derived intensity zones’, for which we finally included a total of 72, 2 and 11 eligible papers, respectively. Gathering recent knowledge, we provide a decision tree and detailed recommendations for the analysis of free-living HR data to derive individual physical activity profiles. Moreover, we also provide examples of HR-metric calculations that help to illustrate data processing and reporting.