bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of a stable epithelial cell line from Muta™Mouse lung
Authors: White Paul A. , Douglas George R. , Gingerich John , Parfett Craig , Shwed Phil , Seligy Vern , Soper Lynda , Berndt Lynn , Bayley Janet , Wagner Shelley , Pound Kathleen , Blakey David 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe have isolated and characterized a stable epithelial cell line from Muta™Mouse lung that is a suitable complement to the in vivo assay system. The cells are contact inhibited, forming a flat monolayer, and retain several epithelial/pulmonary characteristics. The genome is stable across more than 50 generations, with a modal chromosome number of 78. Spontaneous rates of micronuclei (19.2 ± 1.4 per 1,000), sister chromatid exchanges (0.25 ± 0.004 per chromosome), and chromosome aberrations (∼ 4%) are lower than, or comparable to, other transgenic cell lines currently used in mutagenicity research. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses showed that 80% of cells contain three λgt10lacZ loci. Slot‐blot analyses indicated that the average cell contains ∼17 transgene monomers. Spontaneous mutant frequency at the lacZ transgene is stable (39.8 ± 1.1 × 10−5), and the direct‐acting mutagens N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea and ICR‐191 yielded increases in mutant frequency of 6.3‐ and 3.2‐fold above control, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure increased mutant frequency more than 25‐fold above control and did not require an exogenous metabolic activation mixture. Inhibition of Cyp1A1 by 5 μM α‐naphthoflavone eliminated BaP mutagenesis. Activation and mutation induction by the heterocyclic amine 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine required a low concentration (0.05% v/v) of exogenous rat liver S9. High activity of α, μ, and π glutathione‐S‐transferase isozymes appears to confer resistance to the cytotoxic effects of xenobiotics. The cell line is a suitable complement to the in vivo Muta™Mouse assay, and provides an opportunity for routine in vitro mutagenicity testing using an endpoint that is identical to that employed in vivo. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:166–184, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolic polymorphisms and the micronucleus frequency in buccal epithelium of adolescents living in an urban environment
Authors: Montero Regina , Serrano Luis , Dávila Víctor , Segura Yayoi , Arrieta Andrea , Fuentes Raquel , Abad Iris , Valencia Lucía , Sierra Patricia , Camacho Rafael 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMicronuclei and other biomarkers were evaluated in oral cells from 11‐ to 16‐year‐old girls living in a foster home in the central area of México City. Variables analyzed for possible association with these biomarkers include smoking habits, body mass index, metabolic polymorphisms for NAT1 and GSTM1 and whether the cells were obtained from the cheek or pharynx. The results indicated that individuals having the NAT1*10 homozygous genotype showed a significant increase in chromatin buds and binucleated cells. When the damage in the cheek was compared with damage in the pharynx, a significant increase in micronuclei and binucleated cells was found for the latter tissue in all the individuals analyzed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:216–222, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between atmospheric ozone levels and damage to human nasal mucosa in Florence, Italy
Authors: Pacini Stefania , Giovannelli Lisa , Gulisano Massimo , Peruzzi Benedetta , Polli Gianni , Boddi Vieri , Ruggiero Marco , Bozzo Corrado , Stomeo Francesco , Fenu Grazia , Pezzatini Silvia , Pitozzi Vanessa , Dolara Piero 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of urban air pollutants on human nasal mucosa over an 8‐month period on 102 subjects living in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. A group of subjects living in a city with a lower level of pollution (Sassari, Sardinia, Italy) was also analyzed. Nasal mucosa cells were harvested by brushing, a noninvasive procedure. Half of the cells were used for genotoxicity studies using the alkaline comet assay, and half for morphological studies. The levels of DNA damage in the nasal mucosa were considerably higher (+73%) in the subjects living in Florence than in Sassari. High levels of atmospheric ozone in Florence air correlated with DNA damage, and to the prevalence of inflammatory pathologies of the upper respiratory tract, although the ozone concentrations were below the Italian recommended attention level. Furthermore, higher levels of DNA damage were correlated with a dysfunction in the ability to maintain a normal epithelial cell structure. These data suggest an association between ozone air levels and damage in the upper respiratory tract. It remains unclear whether ozone itself or other associated pollutants are responsible for the observed alterations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:127–135, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the comet assay for studying environmental genotoxicity: Comparisons between visual and image analyses
Authors: Avishai Nanthawan , Rabinowitz Claudette , Rinkevich Baruch 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn order to evaluate the applicability of different measurement parameters employed in the comet assay for analyzing environmental samples, fish hepatoma (RTH‐149) cells were exposed to concentrations of the model genotoxic agent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 1, 5, and 10 μM) and to five water samples from sites along the Kishon River, the most polluted river in Israel. DNA damage was scored in parallel by visual and computer‐image (Viscomet) analyses using 12 different parameters. Each parameter exhibited a different profile of responses. The four visual parameters were highly sensitive to the lowest (1 μM) H2O2 concentration (1.8–7.0‐fold of the control). At 10 μM H2O2 exposure, the visual parameter, percentage severe damage, showed the highest (40.3‐fold) response while four other parameters, tail area, tail extent moment (Viscomet), mean actual tail length and cumulative tail length (visual analysis), also had substantially elevated responses (8–11‐fold). We found that the DNA damage induced by field samples was similar in magnitude to the damage induced by 1 μM H2O2, with only some of the parameters being highly sensitive to the damage. Only about one‐half of the parameters could distinguish four significant levels of genotoxicity among the five sampling sites, while the remaining parameters detected only three levels. It is concluded that the choice of parameters for analyzing genotoxicity in ecotoxicological studies should be made in accordance with the characteristics of each parameter. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:155–165, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single‐cell immunohistochemical mutation load assay (SCIMLA) using human paraffin‐embedded tissues
Authors: Schlake Gudrun , Liu Qiang , Heinmöller Ernst , Hill Kathleen A. , Weiss Lawrence , Sommer Steve S. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIt would be advantageous to measure mutation load in situ in order to determine the relationship between a high mutation load and increased risk for cancer or other diseases and to evaluate sources of possible mutagen exposure. Previously, in situ mutation detection assays have been plagued with multiple rounds of amplification and high rates of false‐positives and false‐negatives. The single cell immunohistochemical mutation load assay (SCIMLA) was developed to measure somatic mutation frequency, pattern, and spectrum in normal tissues with a single round of amplification. The P53 gene was utilized as a mutation reporter because of the unusual property that missense mutations often cause P53 protein to accumulate in the cell, allowing the mutant proteins to be detected by immunohistochemical staining. Alternative reporter genes with stabilized mutant proteins may be envisioned. Single cells that stain positively for P53 protein overabundance (red cells) were microdissected from ethanol‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues. A novel stimulated‐PCR (S‐PCR) protocol permitted successful amplification of a 1.8‐kb segment of the P53 gene (i.e., exons 5–9) in 87% of single mammary cells. Subsequent sequence analysis demonstrated that 35% of the amplified red‐stained epithelial cells from normal breast tissue have missense mutations at evolutionarily conserved amino acids. Jackpot mutations, presumably due to clonal expansion, were common. False‐positive missense mutations at conserved residues were observed in 3% of the clear cells (i.e., without red stain), presumably due to DNA polymerase error in early PCR cycles. The allele dropout rate was measured at 40% of the amplified cells. SCIMLA is applicable to a variety of tissues, utilizes a single amplification of an endogenous gene, displays mutant cells in situ, and may be adapted to other species. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:206–215, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mainstreaming Evaluation
Authors: Sanders James R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe concept of mainstreaming evaluation is defined, and the question of why mainstreaming is not more prevalent is addressed. A case of mainstreaming evaluation in a community hospice is presented, along with recommendations for moving organizations toward mainstreaming evaluation. This chapter and Sander's AEA presidential address (2002) provide a foundation for the discussions of mainstreaming evaluation.
Mainstreaming Evaluation or Building Evaluation Capability? Three Key Elements
Authors: Duignan Paul 
Published: October 2003

AbstractApproaches to mainstreaming evaluation that appear to be successful in New Zealand, particularly in human services programs that serve both European and Maori populations, are presented. Three key elements are (1) to use an appropriate evaluation model, (2) to develop evaluation skills appropriate for each level of an organization, and (3) to use organization‐ or sector‐level strategizing to identify priority evaluation questions.
The Rigidity and Comfort of Habits: A Cultural and Philosophical Analysis of the Ups and Downs of Mainstreaming Evaluation
Authors: Grudens‐Schuck Nancy 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMainstreaming evaluation requires establishing aesthetic and ethical frameworks, as well as developing knowledge and skills that make “doing evaluation” seem like the right thing. Mainstreaming, however, can pose challenges to good evaluation practice; a view from cultural anthropology suggests that evaluation can have distinct meanings in different settings. Stories from program evaluation research in Indonesia illustrate the ways comforts and rigidities associated with mainstreamed evaluation processes may hinder high‐quality evaluation.
PIE à la Mode: Mainstreaming Evaluation and Accountability in Each Program in Every County of a Statewide School Readiness Initiative
Authors: Wandersman Abraham , Flaspohler Paul , Ace April , Ford Laurie , Imm Pamela S. , Chinman Matthew J. , Sheldon Jeffrey , Bowers Andrews Arlene , Crusto Cindy A. , Kaufman Joy S. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis chapter describes the framework and implementation of a program accountability system in a statewide initiative (South Carolina First Steps to School Readiness), which was developed (1) to enable practitioners to provide evaluation information required by legislative mandate and (2) to develop the capacity of practitioners to systematically plan their program, implement with quality, and self‐evaluate. The components of this program are reflected in its name: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (PIE). The chapter describes PIE in relation to program theory, usage, and efforts to mainstream.
Helping Evaluators Swim with the Current: Training Evaluators to Support Mainstreaming
Authors: Barnette J. Jackson , Barber Wallis Anne 
Published: October 2003

AbstractApproaches to training in evaluation, with the aim of seeding the field of education with evaluators who can work with organizations in a more participatory and relevant way, are proposed. The methods suggested are intended to incline evaluators toward participatory approaches. Trained evaluators will be equipped to forge powerful learning partnerships with programs and participants, thus improving the prospects for mainstreaming evaluation.
Issues and Practices Related to Mainstreaming Evaluation: Where Do We Flow From Here?
Authors: Williams David D. , Hawkes Mark L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe authors attended the plenary sessions, several Presidential Strand sessions, and other sessions at the 2001 annual meeting of the AEA to collect examples of evaluators and their clients exploring related issues. The authors raised questions and proposed directions to consider in using evaluation to improve organizations and their practices. Many of their ideas about what mainstreaming means, whether we should mainstream evaluation or not, how evaluation approaches relate to mainstreaming, and how to mainstream are summarized here.
Origin of metamorphic soles and their post‐kinematic mafic dyke swarms in the Antalya and Lycian ophiolites, SW Turkey
Authors: Faruk Çeli̇k Ö. , Delaloye Michel F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe Antalya and Lycian ophiolites are situated in the western part of the Tauride belt (SW Turkey). Ophiolite‐related metamorphic sole rocks in the Tauride belt are observed either at the base of the tectonites or in mélange units. Geochemical observations from the metamorphic sole rocks of Köyceğiz ophiolite indicate three different geochemical affinities: mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB), island‐arc tholeiite (IAT) and within‐plate basalt (WPB) or seamount are present at the base of the Lycian ophiolites. The sole rocks of the ophiolite are made up of amphibolite, comprising mainly amphibole, pyroxene and plagioclase. Below the amphibolites are epidote‐bearing rocks and, at the base, micaschists. The metamorphic sole below ophiolites exhibits an inverted metamorphic zonation. Very strong deformation within kyanite‐garnet‐bearing micaschists located far from the peridotites was observed, whereas the upper part of the metamorphic sole (near the contact with the peridotites) present relatively less deformation than the lower part.The metamorphic sole rocks of the Lycian ophiolite are cross‐cut by some doleritic dykes with a typical greenschist facies mineral assemblage. However, while the metamorphic sole rocks exhibit well‐developed lineation and foliation; the dykes lack such structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights on the tectonic setting and evolution around the apex of the Isparta Angle (SW Turkey)
Authors: Poisson André , Yağmurlu Fuzuli , Bozcu Mustafa , Şentürk Murat 
Published: October 2003

AbstractRecently acquired data lead to a revision of the structure around the apex of the Isparta Angle (area around Isparta). In the autochthonous/parautochthonous carbonate platform several blocks are identified as having followed distinctive palaeogeographical evolutions during Mesozoic times. These blocks are: the Kır Dağları, the Barla Dağ, the Söbü Dağ and the Bey Dağları. However, the latter two blocks cannot be considered as identical as previously believed. A major thrust fault may separate these blocks, which may be substantially allochthonous with respect to the relatively autochthonous Bey Dağları. Within the allochthon, in the Isparta Çay area, studied here, Mesozoic deep‐marine sequences are thrust duplicated many times. The tectonic history of the area is polyphased, the main events being in the Late Cretaceous (initiation of shortening), pre‐Miocene (Antalya Nappe emplacement), and Late Miocene/Pliocene (Aksu thrusting). The Aksu phase reactivates older thrusts and has given rise to the most prominent relief of the area (the Davras Dağ, 2600 m). Palaeogeographic reconstructions are proposed to take account of all the above data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinematic evidence for Late Mesozoic–Miocene emplacement of the Lycian Allochthon over the Western Anatolide Belt, SW Turkey
Authors: Collins Alan S. , Robertson Alastair H. F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractRecent controversies relating to the transport directions of the Lycian Allochthon and the kinematic relationships of this to the underlying Menderes Massif are addressed by looking at the structural record preserved at the main tectonic boundaries within the Lycian Allochthon. Rocks today within the Lycian Thrust Sheets were deposited as a north‐facing Late Palaeozoic– Mesozoic rift/passive margin succession that formed in a northern Neotethys Ocean separating the Menderes–Tauride block and Eurasia. The allochthon was emplaced onto the southern continental margin in stages from latest Cretaceous to Late Miocene times. Throughout the Lycian Allochthon early kinematic fabrics indicate that the allochthon was emplaced, and successively transported, from northwest to southeast. Mylonites at the contact between the Lycian Allochthon and the underlying Menderes Massif exhibit top‐to‐the‐east non‐coaxial flow. The major tectonic boundaries within the allochthon preserve various kinematic indicators showing top‐to‐the‐southeast transport.An intra‐platform basin (Tavas/Bozdağ unit), represented by structurally low Mesozoic–Palaeogene successions, probably originated as a rift basin between the Menderes Massif to the north and the Bey Dağları carbonate platform to the south. However, there is no structural evidence that the Lycian Thrust Sheets or the Lycian Peridotite Thrust Sheet were rooted in this basin. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Anaximander Mountains: a clue to the tectonics of southwest Anatolia
Authors: Zitter Tiphaine A. C. , Woodside John M. , Mascle Jean 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe offshore Anaximander Mountains are an important link between the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs. They were formed by southeastward rifting from Turkey in post‐Miocene time. Gravity data have shown that the eastern part of the Anaximander Mountains is different from the western part; multibeam mapping seems to confirm that the eastern Anaximander Mountains have affinity with the Florence Rise structure (western Cyprus Arc). Faulting along and across the latter feature is characterized in the seismic data by anastomosing faults and pop‐up flower structures. It is likely that progressive adjustment to incipient collision developed into a broad zone of NW–SE transpressive wrenching extending towards south Turkey. In contrast, the western mountains are more directly related to the opening of the Rhodes Basin and the Finike Basin, as transtension may have dominated in southwest Turkey since the Pliocene. The connection with onshore Turkey is still unclear, but could be related to the Fethiye–Burdur Fault Zone that defines the western boundary of the complex Isparta Angle. The Anaximander Mountains and the Isparta Angle form together a tectonic accommodation zone between the active deformation in southwestern Turkey and the Aegean region and the tectonically quieter Cyprus region. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of galantamine treatment on caregiver time in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sano Mary , Wilcock Gordon K. , van Baelen Bart , Kavanagh Shane 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to determine whether the clinical benefits of galantamine for patients with Alzheimer's disease lead to benefits for caregivers.MethodsData were pooled from two concurrent, multi‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 6‐month trials. Time caregivers spent assisting with activities of daily living (ADL) and time patients could be left unsupervised each day were assessed using the Allocation of Caregiver Time Survey. In total, 825 patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease were included.ResultsAt endpoint, caregivers of galantamine‐treated patients were more likely to report reductions (41% vs 37%), maintenance (19% vs 14%) or smaller increases (26% vs 34% reporting an increase >30 minutes) in time assisting with ADL compared with the placebo group (p = 0.026; Wilcoxon rank‐sum test). The mean daily time difference was 32 minutes (p = 0.011). Among patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease, caregivers of galantamine‐treated patients were even more likely to report reductions (46% vs 37%), maintenance (15% vs 6%) or smaller increases (25% vs 42% for increases >30 min) vs placebo (p = 0.004), with a mean daily time saving of 53 minutes (p = 0.021). Caregivers of galantamine‐treated patients were more likely to report increases (22% vs 18%), maintenance (45% vs 43%) or smaller reductions (30% vs 37% for reductions >30 minutes) in time the patient could be left unsupervised compared with placebo (p = 0.027). Mean daily time saving was 27 minutes. Among patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease, the treatment effect was greater (p = 0.029), with caregivers in the galantamine group reporting the change in time left unsupervised as 68 minutes longer each day than caregivers of patients receiving placebo.ConclusionThe clinical benefits of galantamine for patients with Alzheimer's disease are also associated with benefits to caregiving. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anxiety disorder and accompanying subjective memory loss in the elderly as a predictor of future cognitive decline
Authors: Sinoff Gary , Werner Perla 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to empirically investigate the hypothesis that anxiety in the elderly, secondary to loss of memory, predicts future cognitive decline.MethodThe participants were 137 elderly subjects with no depression or cognitive impairment from a community geriatric assessment unit, 45% with anxiety. In addition to demographic characteristics, cognitive status was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination; depression was assessed by Tucker's short Interviewer‐Assisted Depression Rating Scale; anxiety by Sinoff's Short Anxiety Screening Test and Activities of Daily Living function by Shah's modified Barthel's Index.ResultsAt follow‐up 37 persons had dropped out, leaving 100 participants for final analysis. Mean re‐examination time was 3.2 years with no group differences. The mean MMSE and modified Barthel scores decreased significantly more in those with anxiety. A relative risk of 3.96 for developing future cognitive impairment was found. Regression analysis showed that only anxiety was a significant predictor of cognitive decline. By path analysis, a more parsimonious model showed anxiety to have both a direct and an indirect effect on predicting future cognitive decline, and that the effect of loss of memory on cognitive decline was via anxiety.ConclusionsAnxiety is inter‐related and inseparable with loss of memory and its presence is a strong predictor for future cognitive decline, directly or indirectly via depression. It appears that loss of memory is the initial problem with consequent development of anxiety. Therefore, anxiety, like depression, is probably an early predictor of future cognitive decline and even possible future cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.