bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Millimetric spatial resolution time-expanded ϕ-OTDR
Authors: Soriano-Amat Miguel , Guay Philippe , Martins Hugo F. , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel , Fernández-Ruiz María R. , Genest Jerome 
Published: October 2023

Time-expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry is a distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on dual-frequency combs that allows for dynamic and high spatial resolution measurements while maintaining reduced detection requirements. Since the formalization of the technique, different experimental schemes have been satisfactorily tested, with a general performance of cm-scale spatial resolution over hundreds of meters. In this article, we present an optimized scheme with enhanced energy and spectral efficiencies that allows reaching 5 mm spatial resolution. As compared to previous experimental approaches, the presented architecture is based on a free-running dual comb setup generated through pure electro-optical phase modulation. Besides, the introduction of an optical hybrid in the detection stage allows for doubling the spatial resolution while keeping the refresh rate and the sensing range unchanged.
Resonant sandwich-structured piezoelectric cantilever for volatile alcohol level monitoring
Authors: Ju Shuai , Naghdi Masoud , Aslam Muhammad , Desai Mitali Hardik , Sreedharan Sreejith , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The demand for accurate and real-time liquid level monitoring of storage tanks has increased dramatically in recent decades, particularly in industries such as chemical processing and petroleum refining. However, challenges can arise when liquid levels drop due to volatilization. To address this issue, we propose a resonant Sandwich-structured piezoelectric transducers-cantilever system for volatile alcohol level monitoring. We conducted a COMSOL numerical simulation to determine the frequency shift caused by volatilization at different alcohol levels. Experimental results confirmed the simulation and showed a linear trend within a certain range. This system has potential applications in micro-scale level monitoring systems for various industries.
Frequency dependence of the speed of sound in metallic rods
Authors: Marques A , Rodrigues M S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The speed of sound waves in rods depends on the relationship between wavelength and rod dimensions. It differs from the speeds readily available in tables, and from what is often learned during most introductory courses on solid-state physics. Metallic rods with diameters in the centimetre range excited with sound waves of tens of kHz will behave as dispersive media. Here, the speed of sound in metallic titanium rods of different lengths is measured using two different methodologies: (1) from the time of flight and (2) from the wavelength and frequency of standing waves that form in the rod. The latter allows analyzing the results in light of Pochhammer-Cree dispersion. The reflection coefficient is also determined both from time and from frequency response. Two off-the-shelf piezoelectric transducers, a function generator, an oscilloscope, and a lock-in amplifier were used. We have used a low-frequency square wave (of tens of Hz) in the first case and a sine wave with frequencies that range from audible to ultrasound in the second case. Experimental results show that the speed of sound decreases as the wavelength decreases. The Pochhammer-Chree dispersion equation was numerically solved to fit the experimental data that can be used to estimate both the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio. A practical empirical formula that allows data analysis without explicitly solving the Pochhammer-Chree equation is suggested.
Developing new analysis tools for near surface radio-based neutrino detectors
Authors: Anker A. , Baldi P. , Barwick S.W. , Beise J. , Besson D.Z. , Chen P. , Gaswint G. , Glaser C. , Hallgren A. , Hanson J.C. , Klein S.R. , Kleinfelder S.A. , Lahmann R. , Liu J. , Nam J. , Nelles A. , Paul M.P. , Persichilli C. , Plaisier I. , Rice-Smith R. , Tatar J. , Terveer K. , Wang S.-H. , Zhao L. ,   The ARIANNA collaboration
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The ARIANNA experiment is an Askaryan radio detector designed to measure high-energy neutrino induced cascades within the Antarctic ice. Ultra-high-energy neutrinos above 1016 eV have an extremely low flux, so experimental data captured at trigger level need to be classified correctly to retain as much neutrino signal as possible. We first describe two new physics-based neutrino selection methods, or “cuts”, (the updown and dipole cut) that extend the previously published analysis to a specialized ARIANNA station with 8 antenna channels, which is double the number used in the prior analysis. For a standard trigger with a threshold signal to noise ratio at 4.4, the new cuts produce a neutrino efficiency of > 95% per station-year of operation, while rejecting 99.93% of the background (corresponding to 53 remaining experimental background events). When the new cuts are combined with a previously developed cut using neutrino waveform templates, all background is removed at no change of efficiency. In addition, the neutrino efficiency is extrapolated to 1,000 station-years of operation, obtaining 91%. This work then introduces a new selection method (the deep learning cut) to augment the identification of neutrino events by using deep learning methods and compares the efficiency to the physics-based analysis. The deep learning cut gives 99% signal efficiency per station-year of operation while rejecting 99.997% of the background (corresponding to 2 remaining experimental background events), which are subsequently removed by the waveform template cut at no significant change in efficiency. The results of the deep learning cut were verified using measured cosmic rays which shows that the simulations do not introduce artifacts with respect to experimental data. The paper demonstrates that the background rejection and signal efficiency of near surface antennas meets the requirements of a large scale future array, as considered in baseline design of the radio component of IceCube-Gen2.
Identification of deuterons at BESIII*
Authors: Wang 王 Wei 维 , Zheng 郑 Bo 波 , Qin 秦 Jia-Jia 佳佳 , Wang 王 Zhi-Yong 至勇 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The identification of deuterons with momenta in the range of 0.52−0.72 GeV/c is studied with specific ionization energy loss information using a data sample collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.009 and 4.946 GeV. Clean deuteron samples are selected using time of flight information. For all data samples, the deuteron identification efficiencies are higher than 95%, with a maximum difference of

% between data and Monte Carlo simulation. This verifies the effectiveness of the deuteron identification method based on specific ionization energy loss and provides valuable information for future studies on processes involving deuterons in the final state at BESIII.
Quantum calculation of axion-photon transition in electromagnetodynamics for cavity haloscope*
Authors: Li 李 Tong 佟 , Zhang 张 Rui-Jia 瑞珈 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Witten effect implies the presence of electric charge of magnetic monople and the possible relationship between axion and dyon. The axion-dyon dynamics can be reliably built based on the quantum electromagnetodynamics (QEMD) which was developed by Schwinger and Zwanziger in the 1960's. A generic low-energy axion-photon effective field theory can also be realized in the language of “generalized symmetries” with higher-form symmetries and background gauge fields. In this work, we implement the quantum calculation of the axion-single photon transition rate inside a homogeneous electromagnetic field in terms of the new axion interaction Hamiltonian in QEMD. This quantum calculation can clearly imply the enhancement of conversion rate through resonant cavity in axion haloscope experiments. We also show the promising potentials on the cavity search of new axion-photon couplings.
Experimental evidence of magnetic flux pumping in ASDEX upgrade
Authors: Burckhart A. , Bock A. , Fischer R. , Pütterich T. , Stober J. , Günter S. , Gude A. , Hobirk J. , Hölzl M. , Igochine V. , Krebs I. , Maraschek M. , Reisner M. , Schramm R. , Zohm H. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In high-β scenarios with on-axis co-current electron cyclotron current drive, which normally lowers q
0 below unity, the absence of sawteeth suggests the involvement of an additional current redistribution mechanism beyond neoclassical current diffusion. This is supported by imaging motional Stark effect diagnostic measurements, which indicate that q
0 remains consistently around 1. This phenomenon is observed in the presence of a 1/1 mode, indicating its potential role in the current redistribution. It is shown that the mode’s ability to modify the central current and suppress sawteeth increases with plasma pressure. These findings align with a recent theoretical model, which predicts a pressure threshold for sawtooth avoidance by a 1/1 quasi-interchange mode and where this threshold increases with the strength of inward current diffusion. Moreover, the advantages of the flux pumping scenario for future machines are highlighted.
Analysis of research progress in improving the performance of silicon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a combination of nanostructured silicon and silicon-based composites
Authors: Xu Longxuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the development and wide-use of lithium-ion batteries, silicon, due to its high theoretical specific capacity and superior fast charging performance, is being studied intensively and extensively as a new generation of anode materials for the batteries. However, challenges of large volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity has limited the performance and commercial applications of silicon-based anode materials, which is led by pulverization of silicon particles, low initial coulombic efficiency, and unstable solid-electrolyte interphase films. To solve the issues, five main strategies have been proposed correspondingly: nanostructured silicon, silicon-based composites, new binders, new electrolyte additives, and pre-lithiation. Among them, the approaches of nanostructured silicon (0D, 1D, 2D) and silicon-based composites (silicon/carbon, silicon/metal, silicon/transition metal oxide) are practical and effective, thus being explored in depth as the focus of many researches, respectively. After summarizing and analyzing the research progress in enhancing the performance of silicon-based anode materials, it is inferred that the advantages of nanostructured silicon are complementary with those of silicon-based composite materials. Silicon-based nanocomposite materials, as the combination of nanostructured silicon and silicon-based composites, are comparatively more significant and useful than either of those. Therefore, the trend of combining the two strategies to achieve a better improvement is unstoppable.
Material basis and development prospects of nano-flexible sensors
Authors: Ren Haoliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The combination of nanosensors and flexible sensors gives modern sensors an important adaptive capability. Nanomaterials such as nanocellulose and carbon nanotubes have been successfully used for flexible sensors. Nanocellulose can be used as a good fibrous backbone or as a thin film. The nitrocellulose skeleton can be filled with conductive substances, and if the external losses are high, self-healing materials can be added appropriately. Carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical conductivity and performance stability, but also have certain characteristics of flexible and active materials, which can effectively improve the corresponding range and response sensitivity of flexible sensors. The correct use of these materials in the process can also reduce the use of the sensor loss. In this paper, the principle of nano-flexible sensors and the analysis of current products are illustrated by examples. And by analyzing successful experiments or showing the results of current applications of nanomaterials in flexible sensors. This paper focuses on how nanomaterials can be successfully applied to flexible sensors.
Research on the fiber reinforced polymer in new construction and in strengthening of steel structures
Authors: Jiang Wending 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Due to their distinct advantages, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites gained popularity during the past 200 years in civil engineering area, including high durability, corrosion resistance, light weight, high modulus strength, and high quality of corrosion resistance. These ranges of features led FRP composites find their application in mechanical, structure, civil engineering, and other industries areas. Traditional construction materials such as steel cannot feed the desirable expectation, and these high-tech materials are becoming more and more popular to replace the traditional materials. By analyzing experiments conducted by other scholars, the following essay will provide a critical review of FRP’s use in strengthening steel structures, not only for its advantages but also for its disadvantages and material properties. After the research, more experiments and theoretical research should be done to let FRP strengthen-materials be accepted and widely used in industries, as FRP materials still have some drawbacks.
Progress of nanomaterials and their application in new energy batteries
Authors: Zhao Yixiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
New energy batteries and nanotechnology are two of the key topics of current research. However, identifying the safety of lithium-ion batteries, for example, has yet to be studied. This paper explores nanoscale technology and new energy batteries. This paper describes the current classification of nanomaterials, summarizes the production methods of nanomaterials, and explains the characteristics of nanomaterials. In addition, this paper sorted out the energy storage systems of new energy batteries, anode materials, cathode materials, safety issues, and applications. Finally, the application of nanomaterials in new energy batteries is discussed. It is found that nanomaterials can be divided into nanoparticles, nanosolids, and nano-assembly systems, but can also be classified according to their chemical composition. Production methods are divided into yeast cell-based methods, physical methods, and chemical methods. The study also found that geothermal energy can be used as the energy storage method of new energy batteries, sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) can be used as the battery anode, and monocrystalline trimethyl tetraoxide can be used as the precursor to combine with the anode. There are still technical problems with the silicon anode of lithium batteries and its safety, but the battery still has many applications. MoO3 and AgWO4 can be used as proof of the combination of nanotechnology and new energy battery technology. Researchers need to do more simulation experiments to make more breakthroughs.
A review of the possible ways to increase the energy density of Lithium-ion battery
Authors: Li Xuanming 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lithium-ion battery, benefit from its unmatched energy density, compared to other kinds of cells, currently making it dominates the field of portable electronics, electric vehicles, etc. When it comes to the application of a battery, one of the most significant parameters is the energy density. Energy density is the ratio of the total charge of a battery to its mass or volume. As we can get from the definition of energy density that a battery with higher energy density can have higher power than other batteries with the same mass or volume. Battery power is certainly one of the most intuitive helps for battery applications. By reviewing and organizing the previous papers, this paper introduces the existing main methods and technologies of cathode, anode and electrolyte for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, respectively, and points out the challenges encountered at this stage, followed by an outlook on practical and feasible methods and technologies for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries in the future from the existing research results.
Review of heat resistant concrete
Authors: Chen Shubei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Along with the rapid development and progress of industry, special properties of concrete have their corresponding applications and requirements. The development and improvement of a variety of special concrete to meet the needs of different industries has become an inevitable trend in the concrete industry. This paper explore heat-resistant concrete in special concrete through literature review and qualitative analysis, and analyze its mechanism, composition materials, application in construction and heat treatment, and the current development of heat resistant concrete. Based on the economic and infrastructure development, heat-resistant concrete, as a kind of concrete combined with heat-resistant materials, has greatly improved the richness and professionalism of building materials. Under the influence of its own advantages, heat-resistant concrete can also effectively solve the fire-resistant and heat-resistant problems of buildings.
Research progress of laser lithography
Authors: Tian Weicheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lithography is one of the key technologies that restrict the development of the semiconductor industry and its important role continues to be highlighted. This paper will review laser projection lithography and laser maskless lithography based on the theoretical knowledge of laser lithography, present the advantages of laser maskless lithography, discuss the latest progress of laser lithography in application fields, explore its development prospects and trends, and provide some ideas and inspiration for the further development of human laser lithography. The result shows that laser lithography can be used in the field of material processing, and lithography is one of the key technologies to fabricate semiconductor devices. The world’s most advanced lithography machine is the EUV lithography machine of the Dutch ASML. This EUV lithography machine can be used for the production of 5nm chips, so 5nm is the most advanced chip manufacturing process that EUV lithography machine can achieve. Since lithography is a high degree of composite technology, each component plays an irreplaceable role. Therefore, if further improvements are to be made to the chip process, researchers should look at all parts of the exposure system, photoresist and process technology to make them work together in harmony.
Analysis of glass relics based on principal component analysis and k-means clustering
Authors: Tong Kehan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Silk Road was an important channel for cultural exchanges between China and the West in ancient times, of which glass was a precious item representing early trade exchanges. In China, ancient glass is generally classified into high potassium and lead-barium categories. Using data collected and classified by archaeologists for glass relics, this paper wants to investigate the differences between the classification results based on their own chemical composition data and those given empirically, and the effect of weathering on the chemical composition of glass relics. To this end, the chemical composition was first reduced using principal component analysis for non-weathered and weathered relics respectively, and three principal components were extracted for each, with variance explained at 94.49% and 98.44% respectively. Then, the number of clusters of K-means clustering was determined to be 2 after the analysis of silhouette coefficient, and then the clustering results of non-weathered and weathered glass relics were obtained by K-means clustering. For non-weathered relics, the clusters were “class Pb” and “class Pb-K”; for weathered relics, the clusters were “class Ba” and “class Pb”. Through the above study, this paper finds that glass relics can be more carefully classified according to their own chemical composition characteristics, and weathering has a great impact on the chemical composition of glass relics.
The history and trends of semiconductor materials’ development
Authors: Song Jitao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Energy, materials and information are considered to be the three pillars of the emerging technological revolution. In terms of materials, the progress of electronic materials is particularly remarkable. A giant leap forward has been made in the development of all aspects of modern science and technology by the advent of computer, which features large scale and very large scale integrated circuits. A sequence of epoch-making semiconductor materials are constantly emerging, and rapidly become productivity and production tools, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of integrated circuit industry. The development level of semiconductor integrated circuits is one of the main indicators to measure a country’s economic strength and scientific and technological progress. However, semiconductor materials are an important cornerstone of the development of integrated circuits. With the increasing number of electronic devices in all walks of life. the value of semiconductor materials is widely recognized. This paper introduces the characteristics, classification and application of semiconductor material, briefly summarizes the history of semiconductor materials from 1950s to now, and combined with its development process, studies the key factors to promote the development of semiconductor materials: the development of semiconductor materials is performance-oriented and limited by production costs. This paper puts forward the problems faced by today’s semiconductor materials, and analyzes the current trend of diversified development of semiconductor materials. This paper can help readers quickly understand the development of semiconductor materials and the important factors affecting their development, and seek more solutions for the construction and development of the semiconductor industry.
Research on the preparation of colloidal photonic crystals and the anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Wang Qingxiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Anti-counterfeiting materials based on colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) have been widely studied due to their inimitable structural color and adjustable photonic band gap (PBG). And the patterned colloidal photonic crystals have been well applied in the field of anti-counterfeiting because of their easy preparation, high performance, and functionalization. The methods for preparing patterned colloidal photonic crystals are outlined, including vertical deposition, spin coating, spraying, and inkjet printing techniques. In this paper, the applications of patterned photonic crystals in the anti-counterfeiting field and their advantages are discussed, the future development of patterned photonic crystals and the challenges they face are also prospected.