bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in horses: 11 cases (1982-1996)
Authors: Donaldson Mark T. , Sweeney Corinne R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine results of CSF analysis in horses with equid herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) and to determine whether results of CSF analysis were associated with outcome.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
11 horses.

Procedure
Medical records of all horses admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital between February 1982 and March 1996 in which EHM was diagnosed were reviewed.

Results
7 horses were ≤ 4 years old; 8 were admitted during January, February, or March. Six horses were febrile prior to admission, but none was febrile on the day of admission. Five horses had been stabled with other horses that had clinical signs of neurologic disease. All horses had had an acute onset of hind limb ataxia and paresis. Cranial nerve deficits were detected in 3 horses. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected on the day of admission from 10 horses. Protein concentration was high in 8 horses; nucleated cell count was normal in 8. Protein concentration and nucleated cell and RBC counts were not significantly different between horses that survived and horses that were euthanatized. Six horses were euthanatized, and 5 survived. All of the horses that survived remained standing or were able to stand with minimal assistance.

Clinical Implications
High CSF protein concentration and normal or only slightly high CSF nucleated cell count are common in horses with EHM; however, results of CSF analysis were not associated with outcome. Horses with EHM that become recumbent have a poor prognosis for survival. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:671-675)
Comparison of antibiotic administration in conjunction with supportive measures versus supportive measures alone for treatment of dairy cows with clinical mastitis
Authors: Morin Dawn E. , Shanks Roger D. , McCoy Gene C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether antibiotic and supportive treatment would improve outcome for dairy cows with naturally developing clinical mastitis, compared with supportive treatment alone.

Design
Randomized controlled trial.

Animals
124 cows in one herd with 172 episodes of clinical mastitis.

Procedure
Cows were examined at the onset of clinical mastitis, assigned a severity score, and randomly assigned to receive antibiotic (intramammary administration of cephapirin, IV administration of oxytetracycline, or both) and supportive treatment (administration of oxytocin, stripping of affected glands, and, in severely affected cows, administration of flunixin meglumine or fluids) or supportive treatment alone. Treatment was continued until 24 hours after signs of clinical mastitis resolved (clinical cure). Milk samples from affected glands were submitted for bacterial culture before initial treatment and every 2 weeks thereafter until the causative organism was no longer isolated (bacteriologic cure).

Results
When mastitis was caused by Streptococcus spp or coliform bacteria, clinical cure rate by the tenth milking was significantly higher if antibiotics were used. Bacteriologic cure rate at 14 days was significantly higher when antibiotics were used, particularly if mastitis was caused by Streptococcus spp. Cows receiving antibiotics developed fewer subsequent episodes of clinical mastitis during the 60 days after the initial episode of mastitis and had less severe clinical disease than cows that did not.

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that, in herds in which mastitis is often caused by environmental bacteria, antibiotic and supportive treatment may result in a better outcome for cows with clinical mastitis than supportive treatment alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:676-684)
Determination of the association between Neospora caninum infection and reproductive performance in beef herds
Authors: Waldner Cheryl L. , Janzen Eugene D. , Ribble Carl S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in beef herds and the association between serologic status and rate of abortion, stillbirth, calf mortality, and reproductive failure.

Design
Longitudinal study.

Animals
419 cows from 8 beef herds in central Alberta.

Procedure
1,391 serum samples from a serum bank were analyzed, using ELISA, and results were compared, using logistic regression, with productivity data on individual cows obtained from a database established during a 4-year period.

Results
30% of cows were seropositive at some point during the 4-year period. Risks of abortion (odds ratio [OR], 5.7) and stillbirth (OR, 2.8) in seropositive cows were significantly greater than in seronegative cows. Risks of being culled for any reason (OR, 1.9) or for reproductive failure (OR, 2.5) in seropositive cows were also significantly greater than in seronegative cows. Changes in titer with time in individual cows and a lack of association between serologic status of dam versus daughter suggest that postnatal transmission was possible in these herds. However, horizontal transmission did not appear to play a substantial role in abortions that occurred in these herds.

Clinical Implications
Neosporosis should be investigated as a potential source of economic loss to the beef industry. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:685-690)
Aortic foreign body resulting in ischemic neuromyopathy and development of collateral circulation in a cat
Authors: Whigham Heidi M. , Ellison Gary W. , Graham John 
Published: December 2023

Ischemic neuromyopathy and paraplegia in cats are commonly associated with aortic thromboembolism.
Occlusion of the abdominal aorta by a foreign body may also result in ischemic neuromyopathy and paraplegia; however, the prognosis for cats with paraplegia secondary to an aortic foreign body may be better than that for cats with paraplegia secondary to aortic thromboembolism.
Collateral circulation may develop as a result of aortic occlusion by a foreign body. Progression of the collateral circulation may allow for clinical improvement without surgical intervention.
Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for treatment of puppies with neutropenia secondary to canine parvovirus infection
Authors: Rewerts Jennifer M. , McCaw Dudley L. , Cohn Leah A. , Wagner-Mann Colette , Harrington Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the effect of treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for puppies with neutropenia secondary to canine parvovirus infection.

Design—
Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Animals—
23 puppies.

Procedure—
Diagnosis was confirmed by use of an ELISA for detection of canine parvovirus antigen in feces, and all puppies received standard treatment for parvoviral enteritis. All puppies had neutropenia (< 1,000 neutrophils/μl) at the time of admission to the hospital or within 4 days afterward. Eleven puppies were treated with rhG-CSF daily until neutrophil count was > 1,500 cells/μl; the remaining 12 puppies were not treated with rhG-CSF.

Results—
We did not detect any significant differences between groups regarding duration of hospitalization, neutrophil count when neutropenia was first detected, lowest neutrophil count, or time until neutrophil count was > 1,500 cells/μl.

Clinical Implications—
Results suggest that treatment with rhG-CSF may not be beneficial in puppies with neutropenia secondary to canine parvovirus infection. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:213:991-992)
Efficacy of oral administration of itraconazole to cats with dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis
Authors: Mancianti Francesca , Pedonese Francesca , Zullino Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine efficacy of orally administered itraconazole in cats with dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis.

Design—
Uncontrolled clinical trial.

Animals—
15 cats with dermatophytosis caused by M canis.

Procedure—
All cats were treated with itraconazole (1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg [0.7 to 1.4 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 24 h, for 15 days). Six cats had been treated with griseofulvin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) during a 60-day period, but their clinical condition had not improved. Five cats treated at the highest dosage of itraconazole vomited or became anorectic. Consequently, dosages were progressively decreased for each cat until adverse effects were not evident. After treatment, samples of hair were submitted for fungal cultures, and if appropriate, treatment was repeated when culture results were positive.

Results—
8 cats treated with itraconazole recovered completely, as indicated by resolution of lesions and negative results of fungal cultures. Six of these 8 cats received a single 15-day course of treatment, whereas the remaining 2 cats needed prolonged treatment (two 15-day courses of treatment and three 15-day courses of treatment). In 4 other cats that became clinically normal, M canis was isolated from hair samples obtained at the completion of treatment, even though only 1 colony or a small number of colonies was isolated. In the other 3 cats, itraconazole did not cause clinical improvement, and culture results remained positive.

Clinical Implications—
Oral administration of itraconazole at dosages of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg may be useful for the treatment of cats with dermatophytosis attributable to M canis infections. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:213:993-995)
Comparison of laboratory test results before and after surgical removal of heartworms in dogs with vena caval syndrome
Authors: Kitagawa Hitoshi , Kitoh Katsuya , Ohba Yasunori , Kuwahara Yasuhito , Iwasaki Toshirou , Sasaki Yoshihide 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare results of laboratory tests in dogs with vena caval syndrome before and after surgical removal of heartworms.

Design
Longitudinal uncontrolled clinical trial.

Animals
51 dogs with vena caval syndrome.

Procedure
Heartworms were removed from the area of the tricuspid valve and pulmonary arteries via venotomy and by use of flexible alligator forceps. Blood samples were obtained before and 10 days after removal of heartworms. Red and white blood cell counts were determined, using an automated cell counter. Biochemical tests were performed, using a dry chemical method.

Results
45 dogs survived the procedure, and 6 died or were euthanatized after surgical treatment. After surgery, RBC count and total protein, albumin, calcium, and sodium concentrations increased, and total bilirubin, ammonia, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, and potassium concentrations decreased in dogs that survived. Creatine kinase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase activities decreased, whereas alkaline phosphatase and ɣ-glutamyltransferase activities and total cholesterol concentration increased. Alanine transaminase activity decreased in 27 dogs but increased in 3 dogs. Changes in test results in dogs that did not survive were similar to those in dogs that did survive. Significant differences were found in RBC count, ɣ-glutamyltransferase activity, and total protein, total cholesterol, BUN, and total bilirubin concentrations before and after removal of heartworms.

Clinical Implications
Hepatic and renal functions improve rapidly after surgical removal of heartworms, presumably because general and pulmonary circulation is normalized. However, cholestasis may develop, and dogs that survive may need additional treatment to preserve hepatic function. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1134-1136)
Influence of fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms on mortality in hospitalized horses
Authors: Mainar-Jaime Raúl C. , House John K. , Smith Bradford P. , Hird David W. , House Ann-Marie , Kamiya Darin Y. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To predict mortality of horses by use of clinical data from the first day of hospitalization, to determine whether fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms is related to severity of clinical disease, and to determine the impact of fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms on mortality.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
1,446 hospitalized horses.

Procedure
Medical information was obtained from horses hospitalized in an intensive care unit or isolation facility during a 4.5-year period. A model was created to predict mortality, using covariates determined on the day of admission. Predicted mortality provided a measure of clinical condition. Predicted mortality was compared between horses that were and were not shedding Salmonella organisms in their feces to determine whether shedding was associated with severity of disease. Predicted and observed mortality between horses were also compared to evaluate the association between fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms and mortality.

Results
92 horses were identified as shedding Salmonella organisms. In a multivariable model, 4 variables (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and clinical management) were associated with mortality. A higher predicted probability of death was observed in horses that shed Salmonella krefeld or more than 1 serotype. Relative risk (RR) of mortality was high for horses shedding S typhimurium (RR, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 3.59) and multiple serotypes (RR, 4.75; 95% confidence interval, 2.29 to 9.84). When the clinical condition (ie, prior predicted probability of death) was taken into consideration, fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms was not significantly associated with mortality.

Clinical Implications
In this horse population, fecal shedding of S krefeld was associated with more severe clinical conditions at the time of admission; however, fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms during hospitalization did not alter predicted mortality. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1162-1166)
Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens type A necrotic enteritis in a foal
Authors: Bueschel Dawn , Walker Richard , Woods Leslie , Kokai-Kun John , McClane Bruce , Songer J. Glenn 
Published: December 2023

Clostridium perfringens is the most common cause of clostridial enteric disease in domestic animals.
Many individuals have suggested that isolation of C perfringens type A from a horse with enteric disease is of little importance, even when other likely causes are ruled out; however, it appears that enterotoxigenic C perfringens type A may cause enteric disease in horses.
Therapeutic serum drug concentrations in epileptic dogs treated with potassium bromide alone or in combination with other anticonvulsants: 122 cases (1992-1996)
Authors: Trepanier Lauren A. , Van Schoick A'ndrea , Schwark Wayne S. , Carrillo Joseph 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine therapeutic serum drug concentrations in epileptic dogs treated with potassium bromide.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
122 dogs with major motor epilepsy.

Procedure
Medical histories were collected for epileptic dogs treated with potassium bromide with or without phenobarbital sodium or primidone, from which serum was submitted for bromide analysis from May 1992 to May 1996 to the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Program at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine. A therapeutic response (improved seizure control) was defined as a ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency following initiation of bromide treatment. Serum bromide and phenobarbital concentrations and therapeutic outcome were determined for all dogs.

Results
72% of epileptic dogs had a ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency following initiation of treatment with potassium bromide. Discontinuation of barbiturate treatment was possible in 19% of those dogs originally treated with phenobarbital or primidone. Of those dogs continued on bromide and phenobarbital, 45% maintained seizure control with serum phenobarbital concentrations < 20 μg/ml. Significantly higher serum bromide concentrations were required when dogs were initially or eventually treated with bromide alone (mean bromide concentration, 1,906 μg/ml) compared with dogs treated with potassium bromide along with a barbiturate (mean bromide concentration, 1,621 μg/ml).

Clinical Implications
When dogs are treated with bromide and phenobarbital, a reasonable therapeutic range for serum bromide concentrations is 810 to 2,400 μg/ml, and for bromide treatment alone, the range is 880 to 3,000 μg/ml. When phenobarbital is used in combination with bromide, a reasonable therapeutic range for serum phenobarbital concentrations is 9 to 36 μg/ml, although in some dogs treated with bromide, phenobarbital can eventually be discontinued. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1449-1453)
Effects of enalapril maleate on survival of dogs with naturally acquired heart failure
Authors: Ettinger S. J. , Benitz A. M. , Ericsson G. F. , Cifelli S. , Jernigan A. D. , Longhofer S. L. , Trimboli W. , Hanson P. D. , _ _ 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To test the long-term effect of enalapril maleate treatment on progression of clinical signs of heart disease in dogs with moderate or severe naturally acquired heart failure associated with chronic degenerative mitral valvular disease (mitral regurgitation [MR]) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Design
Prospective multicenter study.

Animals
110 dogs enrolled at 15 locations in the United States.

Procedure
All dogs enrolled in this study were maintained on their randomly allocated treatment regimen until death, treatment failure (deterioration of condition requiring additional medication), or termination of the study. All dogs entered in the study received standard heart failure treatment (furosemide with or without digoxin). Statistical analysis (log-rank test) was performed to compare the distribution of number of days in the study between dogs that received placebo tablets and dogs that received enalapril tablets.

Results
When dogs with MR and DCM were grouped together, mean number of days until treatment failure was significantly different between those receiving enalapril and those given placebo tablets (157.5 and 77.0 days, respectively). For dogs with MR, mean number of days until treatment failure was significantly different between those receiving enalapril and placebo tablets (159.5 and 86.6 days, respectively). Mean number of days until treatment failure among dogs with DCM receiving enalapril and placebo tablets was 142.8 and 56.5, respectively.

Clinical Implications
Use of enalapril in combination with standard treatment (diuretics with or without digoxin) appears to be beneficial over an extended period, compared with standard treatment alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1573–1577)
Pure red cell aplasia in cats: 9 cases (1989–1997)
Authors: Stokol Tracy , Blue Julia T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate clinical features, laboratory test results, treatment, and outcome of FeLV-negative cats with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) diagnosed by examination of bone marrow.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
9 cats.

Procedure
Medical records and smears of bone marrow aspirates were reviewed to determine clinical features, laboratory test results, treatment, and outcome of this syndrome in cats.

Results
PRCA was diagnosed in 9 cats that were between 8 months and 3 years old. Cats had 2- to 16-day histories of lethargy and anorexia, and a severe normocytic, normochromic to hypochromic, nonregenerative anemia (Hct range, 6 to 15%; reference range, 25 to 45%). Other hematologic values were generally within reference ranges. Consistent changes in biochemical profiles included high aminotransferase activities and hyperferremia. Cats were seronegative for FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus. Smears of bone marrow aspirates were characterized by absence of identifiable erythroid precursors and a high proportion of small lymphocytes. Abnormalities were not identified in megakaryocytes or myeloid cells. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide or cyclosporin) resulted in resolution of anemia within 3 to 5 weeks. Most cats required long-term treatment to maintain Hct within reference range and tended to relapse when treatment frequency or dosage was decreased (especially if done rapidly) or treatment was discontinued.

Clinical Implications
PRCA is a rare syndrome in young FeLV-negative cats, and is characterized by severe nonregenerative anemia and absence of erythroid cells in bone marrow. The condition requires prompt, aggressive, often long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs for resolution. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:75–79)
Cecocolic and cecocecal intussusception in horses: 30 cases (1976–1996)
Authors: Martin B. B. , Freeman D. E. , Ross M. W. , Richardson D. W. , Johnston J.K. , Orsini J. A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the prognosis in horses with cecocolic or cecocecal intussusception.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
30 horses with cecocolic intussusception or cecocecal intussusception.

Procedure
Information on history, physical examination findings, and laboratory values was summarized from the medical records. Laboratory data included results of hematologic examination, serum biochemical analysis, and peritoneal fluid color, total nucleated cell count, and total protein concentration. A one-year follow-up via the telephone was used to determine long-term survival.

Results
Horses ranged from 7 months to 30 years old, but 63% were ≤ 3 years. Standardbred horses were significantly overrepresented. Twenty-six horses had acute-to-subacute disease, and 4 had a chronic wasting disease. Cecal intussusceptions were suspected on the basis of finding a mass on abdominal palpation per rectum (14 of 24 horses) and positive ultrasonographic findings (2 of 3 horses). Thirteen horses with colic for > 1 day had scant, soft feces.
Six horses died or were euthanatized without undergoing surgery, and 24 were treated surgically. Six of the latter horses were euthanatized during surgery because of peritonitis, rupture of the cecum, and irreducible intussusception. All 4 horses with a chronic disease were euthanatized because of irreversible changes in the cecum. Of the 18 horses allowed to recover from surgery, 15 survived long-term. Surgical treatments were reduction, with or without partial typhlectomy (6 horses), partial typhlectomy through a colotomy and reduction (6), reduction through a colotomy and partial typhlectomy (3), partial typhlectomy for a cecocecal intussusception (1) and an ileocolostomy (2).

Clinical Implications
Cecal intussusception has a good prognosis with surgical correction without delay. Reduction through colotomy has a high success rate. Bypass by ileocolostomy should be used as a last resort. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:80–84)