bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collection development for the “chip” generation and beyond
Authors: Sullivan Kathleen 
Published: April 2005

PurposeExplores the question: “How am I, as a baby‐boomer collection development specialist, to prepare myself to collect the library resources over the next few decades?” This question was posed partially because the author is one of those “aging” librarians one reads about in the literature.Design/methodology/approachA collection manager explores resource formats that may be in demand to meet changing user expectations.FindingsMany of these expectations are driven by technology and the advent and popularity of computer games. Librarians will need to look first at the functions users seek and then help them to match the format(s) that best meet these needs. Collection managers will have to identify a variety of resources, offer access across disciplinary lines and provide access, as much as possible, on a 24/7 basis.Originality/valueAll of the formats discussed, and more, will be part of future libraries’ collections. Not all formats or functions will be required by all of our users. However, there cannot be any doubt that function, rather than format, will dictate the look and feel of future library collections.
Developing criteria for the withdrawal of print content available online
Authors: Stowell Bracke Marianne , Martin Jim 
Published: April 2005

PurposeLimited physical and financial resources and changing customer behaviors compelled the University of Arizona Science‐Engineering Library to pursue more flexible collection management options, such as removing print copies of journals as the library purchased the electronic backfiles. The purpose of this paper is to describe a process used at the library to compare electronic journals to their print counterparts.Design/methodology/approachThe library's approach was to study the electronic content provided through Elsevier's ScienceDirect for completeness and quality of text and images. This was to ensure that the removal of print would minimally impact library customers while reclaiming building space that could be better utilized to meet changing customer needs.FindingsThe process uncovered the reality that the electronic backfiles were not always adequate substitutes for print copies. In response, it was necessary to open a dialogue with the publisher to share the library's findings that resulted in improved electronic backfiles.Originality/valueThis paper weighs the advantages and disadvantages of taking a transformational approach to collection management.
The collection policy reborn: a practical application of web‐based documentation
Authors: Corrigan Andy 
Published: April 2005

PurposeAims to compare and contrast different collection policies and shows a practical application of web‐based documentation.Design/methodology/approachThe article is a case study and general review that discusses how significant numbers of libraries today are posting collection policies on the web, how these policies may differ in form and practice from those of the past, and how the Howard‐Tilton Memorial Library at Tulane University developed and applied one such policy of its own. It also discusses examples of relevant literature and other collection policy web sites.FindingsIts implications point to the value of developing sets of narrative collection policy statements focusing on specific academic disciplines and of beginning the policy‐making process with an assessment of the academic profile of the university that the library supports.Originality/valueGeneral discussion of collection policies has been absent from the literature for some time and the article should be valuable to those libraries without collection policies or those with older printed policies languishing in file cabinets.
International marketing research
Authors: Robson Matthew J. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo investigate the state of the international marketing literature in terms of its ability to offer managers with fine‐grained insights into marketing strategy effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachConceptual study based on insights into advances in international marketing research.FindingsContingency accounts of strategy effectiveness are persuasive in the international marketing literature. But areas of research (e.g. the trust‐performance literature) have been slow to identify and discuss contingencies inherent in foreign marketplace ventures.Practical implicationsPractitioners would be advised to consider the degree to which empirical research on international marketing strategy accounts for contextual complexity. Scholarly research should cover not only “whether” an international marketing strategy is productive, but crucially “when” the strategy is productive.Originality/valueSuggests different areas of international marketing research are at different stages of theoretical development. Usefulness of academic findings may be linked to the level of development of the contingency framework within an international marketing stream.
LIBS range extended through the use of a transportable terawatt laser system
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThis article provides details of recent research in France and Germany which has extended the operational range of the laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique through the use of a transportable terawatt laser, the “Teramobile”.Design/methodology/approachThe high power of the Teramobile's laser generates self‐guided filaments of light which overcome the diffraction limit that restricts the range of conventional pulsed laser sources in air to around 100 m. The system can deliver laser intensities of around 1013 W/cm2 to locations at a distance of several kilometer without focusing. It has been used in a variant of the LIBS technique termed remote filament‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (R‐FIBS).FindingsExperiments have shown that the R‐FIBS technique can analyse metal samples for elemental composition at a range of up to 180 m. Further work offers prospects to extend the range to as much as 1 km.Originality/valueThis research illustrates that a transportable terawatt laser can be used as the source in the new R‐FIBS technique, suggesting many remote sensing analytical applications such as environmental monitoring, detecting chemical and biological warfare agents, monitoring the composition of molten metals and identifying radioactive waste.
Structural integrity monitoring with fibre Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThis paper describes a recent collaborative project involving the development of a multiplexed fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system for structural integrity monitoring.Design/methodology/approachThe system is described and field trials on both conventional and novel composite bridges are discussed. A FBG sensor‐based structural monitoring system was developed, based on a fluorescent fibre as the optical source. It used a tuneable, fibre‐coupled, Fabry‐Perot filter, actuated by piezoelectric transducers and operated over the bandwidth of the source at up to 250 scans/second. Light from the source was filtered and reflected back from the Bragg gratings, through optical couplers, to eight photodiode detectors. These detected the resulting time‐domain spectra of the sensors in each of the serially connected sensor arrays. The system was tested at City University and then subjected to trials on the Mjosund road bridge in Norway and on West Mill bridge in Oxfordshire, UK, which is the first bridge to be fabricated from a new type of composite material.FindingsDuring the Norwegian trials the system was arranged with four or five FBG sensors per channel giving a total of 32 measurement points with eight parallel channels. Twelve conventional foil strain gauges and a number of thermocouples were also installed. Different static and dynamic loads were applied over a period of 18 months and the results showed that the thermally compensated strain data obtained optically matched those from the resistive gauges to within <5 με. During the construction stage of the Oxfordshire bridge, sections of the decking and longitudinal composite support beams were instrumented with 40 FBG sensors with temperature compensation, placed at pre‐selected sites of maximum strain. These exhibited a resolution of ±5 με and an operating range of over ±2,000 με.Originality/valueThis research has shown that multiplexed, multi‐point FBG sensor systems can accurately and reliably monitor both static and dynamic strains in large structures over a range of temperatures and for extended periods of time.
Computer screen pointer using intelligent colour sensing systems
Authors: Urwin‐Wright S.D. , Sanders D.A. , Tewkesbury G.E. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeA novel sensor system is described that can replace the need to use a touch screen, mouse or keyboard for use with either a thin film transistor (TFT) or cathode ray tube (CRT) screen.Design/methodology/approachA tri‐colour photodiode in a colour sensor pen (CSP) is used as an input to depict where a user is pointing by detecting a dynamic kaleidoscope of colours flashed onto the screen. The most easily detected colours are placed around the predicted position of the sensor. The output from the sensor is filtered and transmitted to a computer where colour is translated into a corresponding co‐ordinate. An artificial neural network (ANN) ensures that optimum colours are placed closest to the sensor by predicting future pointer position.FindingsThe CSP successfully provided an input that depicted where a user was pointing. Sensors tested were not able to differentiate more than 28 colours on a TFT screen but an ANN system made them more accurate. Hue and Saturation were successfully used to model colour in a two‐dimensional colour grid as they were unaffected by brightness. The sensor output was successfully converted into a co‐ordinate and used to move a cursor. The kaleidoscope of colours was dynamic as it changed size and colour to increase accuracy. The ANN successfully predicted future positions to assist the sensor in making optimum colour detections. The best predictions of future positions were obtained with four and eight hidden neurons and there did not appear to be any significant advantage in training with more than 2,000 epochs. The system has performed satisfactorily for various inputs.Research limitations/implicationsThe novel light pen works on TFT and CRT screens. Problems included the time that colours needed to be left on a screen to be detected and the limited number of colours that could reliably be detected. These were overcome by using a dynamic kaleidoscope of colours to improve colour detection and an ANN to predict future pointer positions, based on previous locations. This prediction was used to place optimum colours closest to the sensor in order to increase accuracy. Further testing is taking place to confirm that the sensor can be used at any angle.Practical implicationsThe novel light pen type peripheral and intelligent colour sensing system can replace the need to use a touch screen, mouse or keyboard.Originality/valueThe new intelligent colour sensing system works on either a TFT or CRT screen. The use of the colour translation and sensor and the ANN to predict future pointer position are all novel.
Tracking and characterizing knocks atop large interactive displays
Authors: Paradiso Joseph A. , King Leo Che 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo describe the development of and experience with a system that tracks the position of knocks and taps atop a large sheet of glass for use as an inexpensive retrofit that can make large windows into interactive interfaces.Design/methodology/approachThe structural‐acoustic wavefront coming from the impact is simultaneously recorded by four contact piezoelectric pickups mounted near the sheet's corners. A digital signal processor extracts relevant characteristics from these signals, such as amplitudes, frequency components, and differential timings, which are used to estimate the location of the hit and derive other parameters, including a degree of confidence in the position accuracy, the strike intensity and the nature of each hit (e.g. knuckle knock, metal tap, or fist bang – our system responds to any kind of impact). A set of heuristically‐guided rules are employed to compare the waveforms recorded by different sensors and determine the differential timing.FindingsAcross sensitive areas ranging up to 2×2 m, we have obtained position resolutions of σ=2.5 cm for 1/4 in. tempered glass and σ=3‐4 cm for 1 cm thick shatterproof glass. Our system delivers 65 ms latency, hence is essentially real time. The system has been installed in several public settings, and has proven to be very robust.Research limitations/implicationsSuggestions are given for doing everything in software and not using the DSP. Analytical compensation of the dispersion would probably yield better precision but require more computation time.Practical implicationsAs this system requires only simple hardware, it needs no special adaptation of the glass pane, and allows all tracking transducers to be mounted on the inner surface, hence it is quite easy and inexpensive to deploy as a retrofit to existing windows. This opens many applications, such as an interactive storefront, with content controlled by knocks on the display window, an interactive museum display case, or a vending machine where one can select by tapping directly above the desired item.Originality/valueAs large displays become less costly and more common, systems like these can make them interactive. This paper details our approach.
Evaluating the efficacy of credit card regulation
Authors: Braunsberger Karin , Lucas Laurie A. , Roach Dave 
Published: April 2005

PurposeIn the USA, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) has adopted a final rule amending the Truth in Lending Act's Regulation Z, effective October 1, 2001. The present study aims to use the elaboration likelihood model to explore how consumers might respond to the revised credit card disclosure requirements, focusing specifically on college students.Design/methodology/approachEach subject was randomly assigned to one of two financial scenarios and asked to choose, among competing offers, the credit card that presented the “best” match to the scenario. Subsequently, all subjects completed measures designed to test hypothesized relationships within the framework of the elaboration likelihood model.FindingsCollege students possess a fairly low level of knowledge of credit cards and thus are not very well equipped to make educated choices concerning such cards.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of a rural student sample is a limitation and future research should investigate different populations, including those in urban and international markets.Practical implicationsSince the variable APR information appears to distract consumers from taking into account other important cost information, credit card issuers should develop solicitations that aid consumers in making knowledgeable choices.Originality/valueThe present research is the first to investigate the impact of the FRB's recently adopted final rule amending the Truth in Lending Act's Regulation Z. The findings should thus be of interest to regulators, credit card issuers, and consumer advocates.
A critical evaluation of peer review via teaching observation within higher education
Authors: Blackmore Jacqueline A. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo provide a best practice framework for peer review via teaching observation as a method of appraising teaching performance within UK higher education (HE) institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses secondary data analysis via the current literature on peer review and peer appraisal, as well as use of primary data obtained via the design, implementation and analysis of semi‐structured interviews with management and teaching staff within the Faculty of Business and Management Science within a fictitiously named Riverbank University.FindingsProvides a best practice framework for peer review based on the literature, where the case study university benchmarks well against the framework and an insight into the perceptions of teaching staff on the scheme.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample of 40 teaching staff was from only one faculty, in one university. Before generalising the findings it would be prudent to widen the research to include a larger sample from more universities across the HE sector in the UK.Practical implicationsThe research has massive implications for the UK HE sector if peer review is to be used as a method of assessing teaching performance.Originality/valueThe paper is valuable as a guide to senior management wishing to implement a peer observation scheme within their own institution.
Higher education in a box
Authors: Poch Susan 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how transfer students interact with a higher education setting that is reacting to new state‐mandated accountability goals, and to understand higher education institutions and their environments when faced with new accountability measures. The larger purpose of the study is to develop a grounded theory that helps all players understand the tensions that exist between the state, the universities, and transfer students.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a qualitative study using Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory.FindingsThe paper finds that interactions between the systems played a large role in the transfer students' perceptions of their experiences at a four‐year institution. The universities in this study, and their transfer student policies, reflect an environment that was influenced by and influenced transfer students' perceptions.Research limitations/implicationsTo date no research has been found that incorporates the ecological model and higher education institutions. Because of this, it is difficult to determine how effective this model may be for institutions that are wrestling with dilemmas.Originality/valueThe ecological theory used in this qualitative study is a useful tool in understanding the contexts and systems in which transfer students, administrators and state‐mandated accountability goals co‐exist.
Comparative age differences of job satisfaction on faculty at higher education level
Authors: Tu Leafy , Plaisent Michel , Bernard Prosper , Maguiraga Lassana 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe study aims to examine the age differences of job satisfaction between Taiwanese and Chinese higher education faculty.Design/methodology/approachThe data on job satisfaction were obtained from 194 Taiwanese faculty and 211 Chinese faculty at college levels in one city.FindingsNo statistically significant differences were found for full‐time Taiwanese and Chinese faculty in the overall job satisfaction of age at higher education after educational reforms, but differences exist between countries.Originality/valueThis article applies to strategies on job satisfaction for the current Taiwanese and Chinese faculty at colleges.
Challenges in developing and implementing ecological standards for geomorphic river restoration projects: a practitioner's response to Palmer et al. (2005)
Authors: GILLILAN S. , BOYD K. , HOITSMA T. , KAUFFMAN M. 
Published: April 2005

Summary

The authors of ‘Standards for ecologically successful restoration’ (Palmer et al. 2005) are commended for clearly articulating and discussing the nuances of establishing ecological standards in river restoration practice. We agree that there is a need for better and more thoughtful standards to elevate the practice of river restoration to a science of restoration. As practitioners of fluvial restoration, and students of the sciences of geomorphology, hydrology, ecology and plant sciences, we offer our experiences and observations, noting that the desire to achieve ecologically effective project outcomes is not new. We agree that there are valid questions regarding the application of the term ‘restoration’ to projects with minimal ecological benefits.
We also concur that guiding image development is critical to project success. However, we note that well‐intentioned projects often drift from having initially sound restoration objectives to ultimately providing reduced ecological benefit. Our observations suggest that this phenomenon can be attributed to risk aversion and the progressive incorporation of rigid engineered elements. We term this project hardening, where natural channel boundary evolution and change (deformability) is progressively sacrificed. This artificially constrains natural fluvial dynamics and associated ecological function.
We agree that meaningful pre‐ and post‐monitoring programmes are essential to understanding project success. We encourage the academic community to make relevant data sets available to facilitate the evolution of restoration science. It is appropriate for sponsoring agencies to require the collection of these data.
Synthesis and applications. As practitioners we suggest that more interaction with ecologists and the larger academic community is necessary so that practical experience is communicated and integrated into the emerging science of restoration. While this interaction will advance the common goal of implementing more ecologically effective projects, we also note that project participants outside the scientific community must also appreciate the challenges a project faces in meeting higher standards. These challenges are not insignificant and include convincing project sponsors, practitioners and regulators of the need for standards in project generation, implementation and monitoring on a project‐by‐project basis.
Paternal alleles enhance female reproductive success in tropical pythons
Authors: MADSEN THOMAS , UJVARI BEATA , OLSSON MATS , SHINE RICHARD 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe conventional view that female reproductive success is unlikely to benefit from multiple mating has come under strong challenge in recent years. In the present study, we demonstrate that the time wild‐caught reproductive female water pythons (Liasis fuscus) spent in the laboratory prior to oviposition affected both hatching success and the number of male microsatellite alleles detected in the broods. A negative correlation between time in captivity and number of male alleles observed in the broods suggests that reduced hatching success was most likely not caused by environmental factors such as nonoptimal temperatures, but rather by restricted mating opportunities. Maternal nutritional status and mean hatchling mass did not affect brood viability. However, our results revealed a positive correlation between number of male microsatellite alleles observed in the broods and hatching success, suggesting that increased paternal genetic variability enhanced female reproductive success. As microsatellite loci are unlikely to be direct targets of selection, we suggest that variability at these loci may cosegregate with other polymorphic genes directly linked to fitness.