bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A radio bubble shredded by gas sloshing?
Authors: Botteon A , Gastaldello F , ZuHone J A , Balboni M , Bartalucci I , Brunetti G , Bonafede A , Brüggen M , Shimwell T W , van Weeren R J 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We report on the detection of diffuse radio emission with peculiar morphology in the central region of the galaxy cluster Abell 2657. The most striking feature identified in our 144 MHz LOFAR image is a bifurcated radio arc that extends for a projected size of 150−200 kpc. From the analysis of XMM-Newton data, we find clear evidence of gas sloshing in the cluster and a possible dip in X-ray surface brightness between the two radio arcs which deserves confirmation. Interestingly, the synchrotron emission of the bifurcated radio arc is stretched along the sloshing spiral. We compare our observational results with numerical simulations of non-thermal components interacting with gas motions. We suggest that the detected emission may trace a radio bubble shredded by gas sloshing, where relativistic electrons and magnetic fields are expected to be stretched and stirred as a consequence of tangential flows induced by the spiralling gas motion. Lastly, we report on the presence of two thin (6−7 kpc in width) and parallel strands of radio emission embedded in the outer arc that are morphologically similar to the emerging population of non-thermal filaments observed in galaxy clusters, radio galaxies, and the Galactic centre. While this work further demonstrates the complex interplay between thermal and non-thermal components in the intracluster medium, follow-up observations in radio and X-rays are required to firmly determine the origin of the features observed in Abell 2657.
Physical properties of Centaur (60558) 174P/Echeclus from stellar occultations
Authors: Pereira C L , Braga-Ribas F , Sicardy B , Gomes-Júnior A R , Ortiz J L , Branco H C , Camargo J I B , Morgado B E , Vieira-Martins R , Assafin M , Benedetti-Rossi G , Desmars J , Emilio M , Morales R , Rommel F L , Hayamizu T , Gondou T , Jehin E , Artola R A , Asai A , Colazo C , Ducrot E , Duffard R , Fabrega J , Fernandez-Valenzuela E , Gillon M , Horaguchi T , Ida M , Kitazaki K , Mammana L A , Maury A , Melita M , Morales N , Moya-Sierralta C , Owada M , Pollock J , Sanchez J L , Santos-Sanz P , Sasanuma N , Sebastian D , Triaud A , Uchiyama S , Vanzi L , Watanabe H , Yamamura H 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The Centaur (60558) Echeclus was discovered on 2000 March 03, orbiting between the orbits of Jupiter and Uranus. After exhibiting frequent outbursts, it also received a comet designation, 174P. If the ejected material can be a source of debris to form additional structures, studying the surroundings of an active body like Echeclus can provide clues about the formation scenarios of rings, jets, or dusty shells around small bodies. Stellar occultation is a handy technique for this kind of investigation, as it can, from Earth-based observations, detect small structures with low opacity around these objects. Stellar occultation by Echeclus was predicted and observed in 2019, 2020, and 2021. We obtain upper detection limits of rings with widths larger than 0.5 km and optical depth of τ = 0.02. These values are smaller than those of Chariklo’s main ring; in other words, a Chariklo-like ring would have been detected. The occultation observed in 2020 provided two positive chords used to derive the triaxial dimensions of Echeclus based on a 3D model and pole orientation available in the literature. We obtained a = 37.0 ± 0.6 km, b = 28.4 ± 0.5 km, and c = 24.9 ± 0.4 km, resulting in an area-equivalent radius of 30.0 ± 0.5 km. Using the projected limb at the occultation epoch and the available absolute magnitude ($\rm {H}_{\rm {v}} = 9.971 \pm 0.031$), we calculate an albedo of pv = 0.050 ± 0.003. Constraints on the object’s density and internal friction are also proposed.
Sustainable all-weather CO2 utilization by mimicking natural photosynthesis in a single material
Authors: Shi Xianjin , Huang Yu , Long Ran , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Liqin , Cao Junji , Zhu Gangqiang , Xiong Yujie 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Solar-driven CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels is a sustainable approach to synchronously alleviating the energy crisis and achieving net CO2 emissions. However, the dependence of the conversion process on solar illumination hinders its practical application due to the intermittent availability of sunlight at night and on cloudy or rainy days. Here, we report a model material of Pt-loaded hexagonal tungsten trioxide (Pt/h-WO3) for decoupling light and dark reaction processes, demonstrating the sustainable CO2 conversion under dark conditions for the first time. In such a material system, hydrogen atoms can be produced by photocatalytic water splitting under solar illumination, stored together with electrons in the h-WO3 through the transition of W6+ to W5+ and spontaneously released to trigger catalytic CO2 reduction under dark conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate using natural light that CH4 production can persist at night and on rainy days, proving the accomplishment of all-weather CO2 conversion via a sustainable way.
Fixed-energy inverse scattering with radial basis function neural networks and its application to neutron–α interactions
Authors: Balassa Gábor 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a data-driven method to solve the fixed-energy inverse scattering problem for radially symmetric potentials using radial basis function (RBF) neural networks in an open-loop control system. The method estimates the scattering potentials in the Fourier domain by training an appropriate number of RBF networks, while the control step is carried out in the coordinate space by using the measured phase shifts as control parameters. The system is trained by both finite and singular input potentials, and is capable of modeling a great variety of scattering events. The method is applied to neutron–α scattering at 10 MeV incident neutron energy, where the underlying central part of the potential is estimated by using the measured l = 0, 1, 2 phase shifts as inputs. The obtained potential is physically sensible and the recalculated phase shifts are within a few percent relative error.
Hematopoietic aging: Cellular, molecular, and related mechanisms
Authors: Ye Li , Tian Chuan , Li Ye , Pan Hang , Hu Jinxiu , Shu Liping , Pan Xinghua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aging is accompanied by significant inhibition of hematopoietic and immune system function and disruption of bone marrow structure. Aging-related alterations in the inflammatory response, immunity, and stem cell niches are at the root of hematopoietic aging. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hematopoietic and bone marrow aging can aid the clinical treatment of aging-related diseases. In particular, it is unknown how the niche reprograms hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in an age-dependent manner to maintain normal hematopoiesis in elderly individuals. Recently, specific inhibitors and blood exchange methods have been shown to reshape the hematopoietic niche and reverse hematopoietic aging. Here, we present the latest scientific discoveries related to hematopoietic aging and hematopoietic system rejuvenation, discuss the relationships between hematopoietic niche aging and HSC aging, and describe related studies on stem cell-mediated regulation of hematopoietic aging, aiming to provide new ideas for further study.
Artificial light at night: a global disruptor of the night-time environment
Authors: Bará Salvador , Falchi Fabio 
Published: October 2023

Light pollution is the alteration of the natural levels of darkness by an increased concentration of light particles in the night-time environment, resulting from human activity. Light pollution is profoundly changing the night-time environmental conditions across wide areas of the planet, and is a relevant stressor whose effects on life are being unveiled by a compelling body of research. In this paper, we briefly review the basic aspects of artificial light at night as a pollutant, describing its character, magnitude and extent, its worldwide distribution, its temporal and spectral change trends, as well as its dependence on current light production technologies and prevailing social uses of light. It is shown that the overall effects of light pollution are not restricted to local disturbances, but give rise to a global, multiscale disruption of the night-time environment.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Mitigating the impacts of street lighting on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Evans Darren M. 
Published: October 2023

Street lights are not only a major source of direct light pollution emissions, but stock has been transitioning to light-emitting diode (LED) technology in many parts of the world, resulting in increases in the blue part of the visible spectrum that is more harmful to biodiversity and human health. But LEDs can be modified more easily than conventional sodium lamps by adjusting their intensity, spectral output and other features of street light systems. In this Opinion piece, I provide an updated overview of street light mitigation strategies and contend that research in this area has been slow. I show how experimental lighting rigs that mimic real street lights can be used for mitigation testing, since invertebrate behaviour, abundances and interactions can respond quickly and measurably. I demonstrate how advances in network ecology that use species interaction data can provide much-needed assessments of the impacts of street lights on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and ultimately provide new tools and metrics for biomonitoring. I acknowledge the limitations of measuring local, short-term responses of biodiversity and identify promising avenues for collaborating with industry and government agencies in new or existing road lighting schemes, to minimize the negative long-term impacts at marginal cost.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Artificial light at night decreases plant diversity and performance in experimental grassland communities
Authors: Bucher Solveig Franziska , Uhde Lia , Weigelt Alexandra , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico , Gebler Alban , Kyba Christopher , Römermann Christine , Shatwell Tom , Hines Jes 
Published: October 2023

Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects many areas of the world and is increasing globally. To date, there has been limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the consequences of ALAN for plant communities, as well as for the fitness of their constituent species. ALAN could be beneficial for plants as they need light as energy source, but they also need darkness for regeneration and growth. We created model communities composed of 16 plant species sown, exposed to a gradient of ALAN ranging from ‘moonlight only’ to conditions like situations typically found directly underneath a streetlamp. We measured plant community composition and its production (biomass), as well as functional traits of three plant species from different functional groups (grasses, herbs, legumes) in two separate harvests. We found that biomass was reduced by 33% in the highest ALAN treatment compared to the control, Shannon diversity decreased by 43% and evenness by 34% in the first harvest. Some species failed to establish in the second harvest. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and leaf hairiness responded to ALAN. These responses suggest that plant communities will be sensitive to increasing ALAN, and they flag a need for plant conservation activities that consider impending ALAN scenarios.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Insect communities under skyglow: diffuse night-time illuminance induces spatio-temporal shifts in movement and predation
Authors: Dyer Alexander , Ryser Remo , Brose Ulrich , Amyntas Angelos , Bodnar Nora , Boy Thomas , Franziska Bucher Solveig , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico , Gebler Alban , Hines Jes , Kyba Christopher C. M. , Menz Myles H. M. , Rackwitz Karl , Shatwell Tom , Terlau Jördis F. , Hirt Myriam R. 
Published: October 2023

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is predicted to have far-reaching consequences for natural ecosystems given its influence on organismal physiology and behaviour, species interactions and community composition. Movement and predation are fundamental ecological processes that are of critical importance to ecosystem functioning. The natural movements and foraging behaviours of nocturnal invertebrates may be particularly sensitive to the presence of ALAN. However, we still lack evidence of how these processes respond to ALAN within a community context. We assembled insect communities to quantify their movement activity and predation rates during simulated Moon cycles across a gradient of diffuse night-time illuminance including the full range of observed skyglow intensities. Using radio frequency identification, we tracked the movements of insects within a fragmented grassland Ecotron experiment. We additionally quantified predation rates using prey dummies. Our results reveal that even low-intensity skyglow causes a temporal shift in movement activity from day to night, and a spatial shift towards open habitats at night. Changes in movement activity are associated with indirect shifts in predation rates. Spatio-temporal shifts in movement and predation have important implications for ecological networks and ecosystem functioning, highlighting the disruptive potential of ALAN for global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Light pollution of freshwater ecosystems: principles, ecological impacts and remedies
Authors: Hölker Franz , Jechow Andreas , Schroer Sibylle , Tockner Klement , Gessner Mark O. 
Published: October 2023

Light pollution caused by artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasingly recognized as a major driver of global environmental change. Since emissions are rapidly growing in an urbanizing world and half of the human population lives close to a freshwater shoreline, rivers and lakes are ever more exposed to light pollution worldwide. However, although light conditions are critical to aquatic species, and freshwaters are biodiversity hotspots and vital to human well-being, only a small fraction of studies conducted on ALAN focus on these ecosystems. The effects of light pollution on freshwaters are broad and concern all levels of biodiversity. Experiments have demonstrated diverse behavioural and physiological responses of species, even at low light levels. Prominent examples are skyglow effects on diel vertical migration of zooplankton and the suppression of melatonin production in fish. However, responses vary widely among taxa, suggesting consequences for species distribution patterns, potential to create novel communities across ecosystem boundaries, and cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. Understanding, predicting and alleviating the ecological impacts of light pollution on freshwaters requires a solid consideration of the physical properties of light propagating in water and a multitude of biological responses. This knowledge is urgently needed to develop innovative lighting concepts, mitigation strategies and specifically targeted measures.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
The impacts of artificial light at night on the ecology of temperate and tropical reefs
Authors: Fobert Emily K. , Miller Colleen R. , Swearer Stephen E. , Mayer-Pinto Mariana 
Published: October 2023

Despite 22% of the world's coastal regions experiencing some degree of light pollution, and biologically important artificial light at night (ALAN) reaching large portions of the seafloor (greater than 75%) near coastal developments, the impacts of ALAN on temperate and tropical reefs are still relatively unknown. Because many reef species have evolved in response to low-light nocturnal environments, consistent daily, lunar, and seasonal light cycles, and distinct light spectra, these impacts are likely to be profound. Recent studies have found ALAN can decrease reproductive success of fishes, alter predation rates of invertebrates and fishes, and impact the physiology and biochemistry of reef-building corals. In this paper, we integrate knowledge of the role of natural light in temperate and tropical reefs with a synthesis of the current literature on the impacts of ALAN on reef organisms to explore potential changes at the system level in reef communities exposed to ALAN. Specifically, we identify the direct impacts of ALAN on individual organisms and flow on effects for reef communities, and present potential scenarios where ALAN could significantly alter system-level dynamics, possibly even creating novel ecosystems. Lastly, we highlight large knowledge gaps in our understanding of the overall impact of ALAN on reef systems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Artificial light at night (ALAN) causes shifts in soil communities and functions
Authors: Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico , Bucher Solveig Franziska , Ciobanu Marcel , Hines Jes 
Published: October 2023

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing worldwide, but its effects on the soil system have not yet been investigated. We tested the influence of experimental manipulation of ALAN on two taxa of soil communities (microorganisms and soil nematodes) and three aspects of soil functioning (soil basal respiration, soil microbial biomass and carbon use efficiency) over four and a half months in a highly controlled Ecotron facility. We show that during peak plant biomass, increasing ALAN reduced plant biomass and was also associated with decreased soil water content. This further reduced soil respiration under high ALAN at peak plant biomass, but microbial communities maintained stable biomass across different levels of ALAN and times, demonstrating higher microbial carbon use efficiency under high ALAN. While ALAN did not affect microbial community structure, the abundance of plant-feeding nematodes increased and there was homogenization of nematode communities under higher levels of ALAN, indicating that soil communities may be more vulnerable to additional disturbances at high ALAN. In summary, the effects of ALAN reach into the soil system by altering soil communities and ecosystem functions, and these effects are mediated by changes in plant productivity and soil water content at peak plant biomass.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Light pollution in complex ecological systems’.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro- and nanoplastic particles affect the mitochondrial efficiency of human brain vascular pericytes without inducing oxidative stress
Authors: Gettings Sean M. , Timbury William , Dmochowska Anna , Sharma Riddhi , MacKenzie Lewis E. , Miquelard-Garnier Guillaume , Bourbia Nora 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of micro- and nanoplastic particles composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a significant contributor to plastic pollution, on human brain vascular pericytes. Specifically, we delved into their impact on mitochondrial functionality, oxidative stress, and the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Our findings demonstrate that the exposure of a monoculture of human brain vascular pericytes to PET particlesin vitroat a concentration of 50 ppm for a duration of 6 days did not elicit oxidative stress. Notably, we observed an augmentation in various aspects of mitochondrial respiration, including extracellular acidification, proton pump leakage, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production in pericytes subjected to PET particles. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant alterations in mitochondrial DNA copy number, or the expression of genes linked to oxidative stress and ferroptosis.These outcomes suggest that, at a concentration of 50 parts per million (ppm) and for 6 days exposure, PET particles do not induce oxidative stress in human brain vascular pericytes. Instead, they seem to incite a potential mitochondrial hormesis, also named mitohormesis, response, which seemingly enhances mitochondrial function. Further investigations are warranted to explore the stages of mitohormesis and the potential consequences of plastics on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and intercellular interactions. This research contributes to our comprehension of the potential repercussions of nanoplastic pollution on human health and underscores the imperative need for ongoing examinations into the exposure to plastic particles.Graphical Abstract (created withBioRender.com)HighlightFabrication of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro- and nanoplasticsPET particles increase pericytes mitochondrial respiration functionsPET particles increase pericytes extracellular acidificationOxidative stress was not observed in pericytes subjected to PET particles
High-quality genome assemblies of four members of thePodospora anserinaspecies complex
Authors: Ament-Velásquez S. Lorena , Vogan Aaron A. , Wallerman Ola , Hartmann Fanny , Gautier Valérie , Silar Philippe , Giraud Tatiana , Johannesson Hanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe filamentous fungusPodospora anserinais a model organism used extensively in the study of molecular biology, senescence, prion biology, meiotic drive, mating-type chromosome evolution, and plant biomass degradation. It has recently been established thatP. anserinais a member of a complex of seven, closely related species. In addition toP. anserina, high-quality genomic resources are available for two of these taxa. Here we provide chromosome-level annotated assemblies of the four remaining species of the complex, as well as a comprehensive dataset of annotated assemblies from a total of 28Podosporagenomes. We find that all seven species have genomes of around 35 Mbp arranged in seven chromosomes that are mostly collinear and less than 2% divergent from each other at genic regions. We further attempt to resolve their phylogenetic relationships, finding significant levels of phylogenetic conflict as expected from a rapid and recent diversification.SignificanceHere we provide a dataset of 28 annotated genomes from theP. anserinaspecies complex, including chromosome-level assemblies of four species that lacked a reference genome. With this dataset in hand, biologists can take advantage of the molecular tools available forP. anserinato study evolutionary dynamics at the interphase between micro- and macroevolution, with particular emphasis on trait evolution, genome architecture, and speciation.