bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive correlates of adolescents' aspirations to leadership: a developmental study
Authors: Singer Ming 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe study examined age and gender differences in leadership aspirations among teenage adolescents. It was hypothesized that adolscents' valence, self‐efficacy and attribution perceptions about leadership would be predictive of their aspirations to leadership. Altogether 52 fourth form and 78 seventh form high school students completed a questionnaire measuring (a) overall leadership aspirations, (b) 13 valence‐instrumentality expectancies for 13 leadership outcomes, (c) self‐efficacy perceptions, and (d) attributions of effective leadership. The results revealed significant gender differences in valence scores and significant age differences in self‐efficacy and attribution measures. Regression analyses indicated that fourth formers' leadership aspirations were significantly predicted from their “ease‐of‐success” self‐efficacy expectation; whereas seventh formers from either valence perceptions (males) or self‐efficacy and attribution scores (females). These results were discussed in the context of the valence and self‐efficacy models of career decision‐making processes and attribution theory.
Health promotion for adolescents: preventive and corrective strategies against problem behavior
Authors: Hurrelmann Klaus 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper, in its first part, gives an overview of research on “problem behavior” in adolescence. Adolescence is considered to be a stage in life characterized by more experimentation, exploration, risk‐taking, and rebellion than any other stages. Many health‐damaging behaviors (drug consumption, precocious sexual activity, riskful driving, aggressive behavior, etc.) have important psychosocial functions in adolescents' developments. Some of these behaviors can be signals of “stress”, defined as a bio‐psycho‐social state of tension resulting from a variety of stressors which confront adolescents daily in modern industrial societies.In the second part of the paper, the implications of this research for strategies of intervention are discussed. The systematic analysis distinguishes between different stages in the process by which problem behavior emerges and separates “preventive” from “corrective” forms of intervention. Additionally, the analysis differentiates between the dimensions targeted by the measures: interventions addressed toward individual behavior (“personal resources”) on the one hand, and living conditions (“social resources”) on the other hand. The resulting types of intervention approaches are illustrated with examples and discussed in view of how appropriate they are for health promotion in adolescence. Implications for “social policy for adolescents” are discussed.
Identity status and self‐construct systems: process X structure interactions
Authors: Berzonsky Michael D. , Rice Kenneth G. , Neimeyer Greg J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between identity status and structural dimensions of individuals' self‐theories or personal construct systems. The sample was composed of 31 Achievers, 31 Moratoriums, 30 Foreclosures, and 26 Diffusions. Participants completed a modified version of Kelly's (1955) Role Construct Repertory test designed to assess their personal sense of integrative continuity over time. Status differences in self‐construct differentiation, integration, and self‐certainty were analyzed. Results indicated that Moratoriums and Diffusions had the highest self‐construct differentiation. Achievers were the most self‐certain in their ratings, Diffusions the least. Status differences in self‐theory integration were found, but only when a qualitative, structural analysis of levels of self‐construct differentiation and integration was performed. No sex effects were found. Results are discussed as replicating and extending previous work in the area, and future research directions are noted.
An outpatient treatment alternative for suicidal youth
Authors: Gutstein Steven E. , Rudd M.David 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of an outpatient treatment program for suicidal children and adolescents. Pre‐ and post‐treatment measures of patient behavior and family functioning are presented for 47 adolescents and latency‐aged children who received treatment from the Systemic Crisis Intervention Program at the Houston Child Guidance Center. Follow‐up was conducted at three and six months and at a point between 12–18 months. All measures indicated significant long‐term improvement. Data concerning post‐institutional use and suicidal behavior are also presented.
Relations among early adolescent temperament, parent and peer demands, and adjustment: a test of the goodness of fit model
Authors: Talwar Rachna , Nitz Katherine , Lerner Richard M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study assessed whether the goodness of fit—between early adolescents temperaments and their parents and peers demands, or “ethnotheories”, regarding temperament—was more related to adjustment than were acontextual measures of temperament alone. Data from the Pennsylvania Early Adolescent Transitions Study, a short‐term longitudinal investigation of 153 adolescents from the beginning of sixth grade to the end of seventh grade, were used. Temperament was indexed by the nine attributes measured by the Revised Dimension of Temperament Survey, and the measures of demands regarding temperament were derived from different versions of this instrument. Adjustment was indexed by teacher ratings of academic and social competence and by parent ratings of problem behaviors. At the end of Grade 6 and the beginning of Grade 7, the number of significant relations between the adjustment measures and the fit scores tended to be greater than the number of significant relations between adjustment and temperament, measured alone. Moreover, groups formed on the basis of high vs. low temperament fit showed differential adjustment scores: adolescents in the low fit group in regard to both peer‐ and parent‐demands received lower teacher ratings of scholastic competence, and higher parent ratings for conduct and school problems, than did the adolescents in the high fit group.
Condoms and coitus: adolescents attitudes to AIDS and safe sex behavior
Authors: Moore Susan M. , Rosenthal Doreen A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between sexual risk taking and attitudes to AIDS precautions among a sample of approximately 1000 non‐virgin adolescents attending 15 colleges and universities in Victoria, Australia. Four attitudinal dimensions were isolated: Antiprecautions, Risk Denial, Abrogation of Responsibility and Fatalism. These attitudes showed meaningful relationships with different types of sexual risk: risk with a casual partner, risk with a regular partner, and multiple partnering. Different patterns of association emerged for males and females, with female risk behavior being more strongly related to antiprecautions attitudes. These differences were discussed in the light of gender‐stereotypic responses to sexual situations, and their implications for educational interventions were explored.
Amusement machine playing in childhood and adolescence: A comparative analysis of video games and fruit machines
Authors: Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe introduction of video games has met with mixed reviews. In the US, an ongoing debate focusing on the potential problems of video game playing has been taken up by parents, politicians and social scientists. A number of the concerns that have been raised about the playing of video games in the US are very similar to the concerns raised about the playing of fruit machines (slot machines) in the UK. This paper attempts to put the ongoing US and UK amusement machine debates into an empirical perspective and attempts a comparative analysis of video games and fruit machines by examining: incidence of play, sex differences and psychological characteristics of machine players, observational findings in arcade settings, the alleged negative consequences of amusement machine playing (i.e. increased aggression and addiction), and an appraisal of amusement machines' positive aspects. Future directions and an expanded version of Brown's (1989) developmental model of a pathology of man‐machine relationships are also discussed.
Coping strategies used by adolescents in dealing with family relocation overseas
Authors: Vercruysse Natalie J. , Chandler Louis A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study investigated: (a) the types of coping strategies adolescents commonly employ in response to family relocation overseas; and (b) whether sex, age, self‐concept, behavioral adjustment, and previous history of moves affect the types of strategies used by these sojourners. For this purpose, we selected a widely used model of coping which distinguishes between approach and avoidance strategies and a sample of teenagers whose families had recently relocated in Belgium. Four assessment instruments were utilized: the Background Information Data Sheet, the Stress Response Scale, the Piers—Harris Children's Self‐Concept Scale, and the Coping Responses Inventory — Youth Form. Results indicated that adolescent sojourners selected both approach and avoidance strategies to cope with family relocation overseas. Correlational analyses further showed that females and older teenagers tended to rely significantly more on approach strategies than on avoidance strategies. Self‐concept and behavioral adjustment were also found to be related to the type coping strategies employed, while the history of previous relocation was not.
Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the female genital tract. Report of three cases and survey of the literature
Authors: Väyrynen M. , Romppanen T. , Koskela E. , Castren O. , Syrjänen K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThree new cases of gynecological verrucous squamous cell carcinomas are reported; one in the uterine cervix, and two in the vulva. The English literature covering the 49 cases reported previously is surveyed with special reference to the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of these tumors, as well as with their clinical behavior and possible relationship to viral (HPV) lesions (Condylomas) of the genital tract.It was concluded that so far the exact relationship between the different verrucous squamous cell lesions in the genital tract remains obscure, all such lesions should be regarded as potentially malignant, and treated accordingly by radical surgery.
The significance of cholera outbreak in the prognosis of pregnancy
Authors: Ayangade Okun 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFive hundred sixty‐one persons were treated in a comprehensive cholera unit during the 1979–1980 cholera outbreak at Ile‐Ife. Sixty‐one pregnant cholera patients were identified and followed up. Compared to the general female population, all female cholera patients in the 15–29 year age group show significantly more resistance to the disease than those aged 30 years and above. The pregnant cases, as well as all reproductive‐years age groups, showed significantly less mortality than both the non‐pregnant patients and those at both extremes of age. Our findings show that pregnancy does not render the woman more susceptible and may, in fact, render her less susceptible after the first trimester, when prognosis brightens for both the mother and the fetus.
An international system for the education of students of medicine and other health professionals in human reproduction. The FIGO teaching manual: A status report
Authors: Taylor Howard C. , Magarick Ronald H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn analysis of the effectiveness of FIGO's Teaching Manual on Human Reproduction is reported on the basis of answers to a questionnaire received from 100 heads of teaching departments, chiefly of obstetrics and gynecology. These represented 32 countries widely distributed throughout the developing countries of the world. The most significant finding was the evidence of the very large number of medical and other students that could be reached through the principle of placing superlatively good teaching material in the hands of key educators in their native country. Additional answers to the questionnaire provided information on the way courses were organized about the material and suggestions as the useful changes, possible expansion of subject matter, and the felt need for an updated edition.
Stress incontinence during pregnancy and in puerperium
Authors: Iosif Serafim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA retrospective follow‐up investigation dealing with the frequency of stress incontinence was carried out among maternities at the Women's Clinic in Lund over a period of 15 months. Of 1500 newly‐delivered women whose interviews were solicited, 1411 responded. Twenty‐two percent indicated symptoms of stress incontinence. These were examined gynecologically, including Bonney's test. The material may be divided into four groups according to the onset and type of stress incontinence: — Onset of stress incontinence prior to pregnancy in connection with puberty; 8.5% of the total number of stress incontinents (2% of the entire material).— Permanent stress incontinence with onset during pregnancy; 23% of all stress incontinents (5% of the entire material).— Temporary, mild, “physiological” stress incontinence, manifest only during the second part of the pregnancy and disappearing approximately 3 months after delivery. This type of incontinence represents 50% of all stress incontinents (11% of the entire material).— Stress incontinence arising in conjunction with or following parturition; 19% of all cases of stress incontinence (4% of the entire material). Of the patients in this group 8% were temporarily incontinent. Eleven percent (2.3% of the entire material), represents women suffering from constant incontinence which first appeared in connection with childbirth.It is more often the case that stress incontinence begins during the first pregnancy rather than during subsequent pregnancies (statistical significance P ⩽ 0.05).The results indicate that the pregnancy itself and hereditary factors predispose more readily than the parturition trauma to the occurrence of stress incontinence.
Swyer syndrome with gonadoblastoma
Authors: Ashby Wendell B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAny patient who has a portion of a Y chromosome present should have gonadal extirpation to avoid the risk of gonadal neoplasia, whether benign or malignant. The following case history is presented to illustrate this risk and to lay aside the misconception that such patients are free from risk in the absence of an adnexal mass.
Feedback effect of estradiol on follicle‐stimulating hormone and prolactin secretion during the puerperium
Authors: Canales Elías S. , Fonseca M.E. , Mason Macrina , Zárate Arturo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractInjections of 3 mg of estradiol benzoate were given to seven lactating women during the second and third weeks postpartum to study its effects on secretion of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin during the subsequent 4 days. Administration of estradiol during the second week postpartum had no effect on serum levels of FSH and prolactin, however, 1 week later estradiol injection elicited a double effect: FSH levels decreased and prolactin concentrations increased. Early lactation seems to abolish the estrogen induced positive feedback effect on pituitary gonadotropin secretion. The negative effect of estrogen on FSH secretion and the positive effect on prolactin release became evident by the third week postpartum.
Cysts of the vulva and vagina: A comparative study
Authors: Junaid T.A. , Thomas Syamala Mary 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHistologic and histochemical criteria were used to divide benign cystic lesions of the vulva and vagina into three subtypes in two centres of study. A disproportionately high number of epithelial inclusion cysts was found in Nigerian children aged 15 months to 10 years. Socio‐cultural practices provided an explanation for the difference observed between the American and Nigerian patients.
Genital manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Tripathy S.N. , Tripathy S.N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe studied 200 women with pulmonary tuberculosis to check for genital lesions; 13% of these women had genital tuberculosis. As clinical diagnosis was not possible, we relied on meticulous and repeated histopathologic studies. The occurrence of genital tuberculosis was more frequent in women who had pulmonary tuberculosis of shorter duration, but was not related to the severity of the disease. Pulmonary tuberculosis indirectly affects the female genital tract in almost all cases, giving rise to various gynecologic symptoms and signs. A review of the literature and further discussion about this subject are presented.
Verapamil to inhibit the cardiovascular side effects of ritodrine
Authors: Rodríguez‐Escudero F.J. , Aranguren G. , Benito J.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSide effects of β‐sympathomimetic drugs are of primary interest in the treatment of preterm labor. Incidence of side effects are dose‐dependent, as is the efficacy of the β‐agonist in uterine relaxation. The effect of verapamil (Ca2+ inhibitor with antiarrhythmic action) on ritodrine does not modify the value of ritodrine in prolonging pregnancy, but clearly diminishes the incidence of maternal tachycardia and hypotension. The authors suggest that in the treatment of preterm labor with ritodrine infusion above 200 μg/min, the addition of verapamil (dosage, 80–120 μg/min) is useful because it substantially reduces the cardiovascular side effects associated with ritodrine hydrochloride.
Comparative urodynamic studies of women with prolapse and stress incontinence before and after abdomino‐vaginal sling urethro‐plasty
Authors: Iosif Constantin S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effect of abdomino‐vaginal sling urethro‐plasty according to lyodura slings on the intravesical and intraurethral pressure was evaluated in 25 women with prolapse and stress incontinence. The investigations including a gynecological examination, urine and simultaneous urethro‐cystometry. Prior to the operation, all incontinent women had a negative urethral closure pressure at stress. After surgery all 25 patients reported continence, which was confirmed by positive urethral closure pressures. The urethral pressure at rest was significantly decreased in all patients 2 weeks after operation but returned to the same value 1 year after surgery as before surgery. The functional and the absolute urethral lengths increased minimally after the operation.
Discovery rate of dysplasia and carcinoma of the uterine cervix in an urban Medical Center serving patients at high risk
Authors: Chung Haingsub R , Riccio John A , Gerstung Roland A , Najem G. Reza , Chou Jean 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFile analysis based on 98,970 Pap tests on 58,053 patients from the Martland Medical Center of CMDNJ and its clinics was performed. Discovery rates, period prevalence and incidence rates were calculated for categories of mild to moderate dysplasia through invasive carcinoma. An incidence rate of 27/100,000 for invasive carcinoma was obtained, which is lower than the national average. Period prevalence and incidence rates of dysplasias are both high and similar. This indicates that epidemiologic parameters may need to be studied further. The mean age for the mild to moderate dysplasia was 25.7 years, for moderate to severe dysplasia, 29.29 years and for CIS, 33.25 years. These data may imply that younger women, especially in the urban areas, are at much higher risk than previously expected.
Ectopic pregnancy following tubal sterilization
Authors: Qvigstad Erik , Jerve Fridtjof 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOver a 5‐year period 232 ectopic pregnancies were recorded, and in three cases tubal sterilization had been performed prior to the development of the extrauterine pregnancy (1.3%).Subsequent to female sterilization both intra‐ and extrauterine pregnancies may occur. The ectopic pregnancy may be caused by luteal phase pregnancy, operative failure or technical failure; fistula formation is probably the most common. Pregnancies that result after sterilization due to fistula formation are most probably ectopic.
A new method for the induction of therapeutic amenorrhea: Low dose endometrial afterloading irradiation. Clinical and hormonal studies
Authors: Grönroos M. , Turunen S. , Salmi T. , Raekallio J. , Ruotsalainen P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe authors present a new method for the induction of therapeutic amenorrhea: low dose endometrial afterloading irradiation. The problem with this method has been how to inactivate the endometrium while maintaining the physiological function of the ovaries.In 5/29 young patients regular or irregular bleedings occurred after an endometrial dose of 11 ± 1 Gy. These subjects were given a repeat low dose intrauterine irradiation. Thereafter no bleedings were found in four out of five patients. Two to 9 years after the repeat irradiation the plasma levels of E2, E2. FSH and LH corresponded closely to those of healthy women in reproductive age in three out of five patients; some high plasma P levels indicated ovulation. In two patients the E1, E2 and P values were more likely postmenopausal but, on the other hand, FSH and LH values reproductive ones.The endocrinological studies after one irradiation [5] and the medico‐legal [15] and neuropsychiatric [17] aspects relevant to the method are presented elsewhere.
Intestinal perforation during pregnancy
Authors: Holdt David G. , Jacobs Allan J. , Heidrick William 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThree cases of bowel perforation were encountered in pregnant women in a community hospital. Two were associated with mechanical obstruction, and one was of unknown etiology. Displacement of abdominal contents by the gravid uterus may predispose pregnant patients to intestinal obstruction in the presence of an underlying bowel abnormality, such as adhesions or malrotation. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy are necessary to avoid a fatal or a severely morbid outcome.
Pregnancy among schoolgirls in Nigeria
Authors: Oronsaye A.U. , Ogbeide O. , Unuigbe E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA study was made of 127 cases of schoolgirls with pregnancy‐related problems who were admitted into three of the major hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria, over a 10‐month period. The findings suggest that schoolgirl pregnancy in Benin City is found chiefly among teenage girls during the early years of secondary school. Lack of experience in family life and knowledge about contraceptive methods, coupled with poor parental control, are the major factors that put the young adolescent at risk of unwanted pregnancy. School drop‐out and complications of illegally induced abortion are the most frequent and worst consequences of schoolgirl pregnancies. The provision of formal education on family life and effective and easily accessible family planning methods for the adolescent population are suggested as a means to reduce the rate of schoolgirl pregnancy.
Epidemiologic observations on the relationship between calcium intake and eclampsia
Authors: Villar Jose , Belizan Jose M. , Fischer Pamela J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn Guatemala, the obstetric population has a very low incidence of eclampsia despite the presence of factors that would be expected to favor appearance of the disease. In this study, the eclampsia incidence and calcium intake for three countries, Guatemala (low eclampsia incidence, high calcium intake); Cali, Colombia (high eclampsia incidence, low calcium intake); and the USA (low eclampsia incidence, high calcium intake) have been compared. Crude rates for eclampsia incidence were adjusted to control the effects of well‐documented predisposing factors: age, parity, and prenatal care. Results of the study support an association between calcium intake and development of eclampsia.