bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep brain stimulation of the GPi treats restless legs syndrome associated with dystonia
Authors: Okun Michael S. , Fernandez Hubert H. , Foote Kelly D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report on the case of a woman with generalized dystonia and restless legs syndrome whose restless legs resolved after bilateral internal globus pallidus deep brain stimulation, and recurred unilaterally after an infection required removal of one of the devices. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Does severity of Parkinson's disease vary according to season?
Authors: Postuma Ronald B. , Arenovich Tamara , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn temperate climates, many factors that may influence function in Parkinson's disease (PD) vary according to season. We examined whether severity of PD, as measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), varied with the season of evaluation. We found no evidence for seasonal fluctuation in the UPRDS scores, suggesting that, although considerable day‐to‐day variation may exist in PD, there is little monthly or seasonal variation. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Rodent models for dystonia research: Characteristics, evaluation, and utility
Authors: Jinnah H.A. , Hess Ellen J. , LeDoux Mark S. , Sharma Nutan , Baxter Mark G. , DeLong Mahlon R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA large number of different genetic and acquired disorders of the nervous system may be associated with dystonia. To elucidate its pathogenesis and to facilitate the discovery of potential novel treatments, there has been a growing interest in the development of animal models and particularly rodent models. Multiple animal models for dystonia have now been developed and partially characterized. The results obtained from studies of these models often lead in very different directions, in part because the different models target different aspects of a very heterogeneous disorder. A recent workshop addressed four main issues affecting those who conduct dystonia research with animal models, including the different ways in which dystonic disorders can be modeled in rodents, key features that constitute a useful model, methods used in the evaluation of these models, and recommendations for future research. This review summarizes the main outcomes of this conference. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Task‐dependent intracortical inhibition is impaired in focal hand dystonia
Authors: Bütefisch Cathrin M. , Boroojerdi Babak , Chen Robert , Battaglia Fortunato , Hallett Mark 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe tested whether task‐dependent modulation of inhibition within the motor cortex is impaired in patients with dystonia. Paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at an interstimulus interval of 2 msec was used to measure the effect of two different tasks on short ISI intracortical inhibition (SICI) in dystonic and normal subjects. In two experiments, SICI of the fourth dorsal interosseus (4DIO) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles were measured before and at the end of the training task. In the first experiment, subjects performed a nonselective task consisting of abducting the thumb, where the APB acted as agonist and the 4DIO as synergist. In the second experiment, the function of the 4DIO was changed as the subjects were asked to consciously inhibit this muscle while abducting the thumb (selective task). Therefore, while the APB was activated in both tasks, the 4DIO was activated in the nonselective task but was in the inhibitory surround in the selective task. We found that performance of the selective but not the nonselective task resulted in increased SICI in the 4DIO of normal but not in dystonic subjects. We conclude that task‐dependent SICI is disturbed in patients with dystonia. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
FP‐CIT and MIBG scintigraphy in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Spiegel Jörg , Möllers Marc‐Oliver , Jost Wolfgang H. , Fuss Gerhard , Samnick Samuel , Dillmann Ulrich , Becker Georg , Kirsch Carl‐Martin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMethods provided by nuclear medicine may be helpful in diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). For that purpose, the sensitivity of iodine‐123 metaiodobenzylguanidine ([123I]MIBG) scintigraphy and [123I]FP‐CIT single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was studied in patients with PD onset (Hoehn and Yahr Stage 1). Cerebral [123I]FP‐CIT and cardiac [123I]MIBG scintigraphy were carried out in 18 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, according to Hoehn and Yahr Stage 1. For quantification purposes, we calculated the striatum/posterior lobe binding of FP‐CIT and the heart‐to‐mediastinum (H/M) count ratio regarding MIBG scintigraphy. In 15 of 18 patients, we observed markedly reduced or asymmetric striatal FP‐CIT tracer accumulation. FP‐CIT binding of the affected striatum was significantly lower as compared with that of the unaffected side. Striatal FP‐CIT binding correlated significantly with the motor part of the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) but not with age, disease duration, or gender. MIBG scintigraphy delivered significant pathological results in 13 of 18 patients. There was no significant correlation between the H/M ratio relating to MIBG scintigraphy and the motor part of UPDRS, age, disease duration, or gender; however, binding of striatal FP‐CIT correlated significantly with cardiac MIBG accumulation. According to the clinical criteria, it might be difficult to prove the diagnosis of PD in patients with slight symptoms and in these cases, FP‐CIT SPECT and MIBG scintigraphy may contribute to the early diagnosis of PD. In addition, the functional loss of nigrostriatal and cardiac sympathetic neurons seems to be coupled closely. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Synthesis and optical properties of Pb‐doped ZnO nanowires
Authors: Zhou Shao‐Min , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Meng Xiang‐Min , Wu Shi‐Kang , Lee Shuit‐Tong 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe demonstrate bulk synthesis of single‐crystal Pb‐doped ZnO nanowires by using (Pb(NO3)2 + Zn) powders at 450 °C. These mass nanowires are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction, and high‐resolution TEM; they have uniform diameters of about 70 nm and are hundreds of microns in length. The growth of ZnPbO nanowires is suggested for self‐catalyzed vapor‐liquid‐solid mechanism. In particular, the PL spectra of these nanowires show emission peaks that strongly shift to long wavelength with increasing Pb, and the doping quantity is found to be responsible for the different characteristics; the PL mechanism is explained in detail. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Debye plasma on the doubly excited states of highly stripped ions
Authors: Sil A. N. , Mukherjee P. K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPilot calculations have been performed to study the effect of surrounding plasma on several doubly excited states for a few astrophysically important, highly stripped ions of helium isoelectronic sequence Al11+, Si12+, P13+, S14+, and Cl15+. The transitions from 1s2:1Se → 2s2:1Se, 2p2:1De, 2s2p:1Po, 2s3d:1De and 2p3d:1Fo are studied. The effect of the plasma background is taken care of using the Debye screening model which admits of a wide variety of plasma conditions. Transition energies as well as the analytical wave functions of the doubly excited states have been obtained from a study of the pole positions of the collective oscillation modes in the two‐electron charge cloud under a time‐dependent harmonic perturbation. The response properties of the system are analyzed from the linearized version of a suitably constructed variational functional. Most of the calculated data are new. Our results agree well with the relatively few existing experimental and theoretical data for the free ions. The general trend of the results show systematic behavior with respect to increased plasma strength, and the data may be useful from the astrophysical viewpoint. The doubly excited state wave functions have been used to calculate the Coulomb repulsion integrals to check their consistency and may be useful for evaluating other physical properties connected with transitions and also estimating the rate coefficients for dielectronic recombination processes, which play a major role in the diagnostic determination of high‐temperature plasmas. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Statistical atomic models with complete neglect of differential overlap for the study of free and confined systems
Authors: Cruz S. A. , Díaz‐García C. , Covarrubias G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTotal ground‐state energies of free and confined many‐electron atoms are studied through use of the Thomas–Fermi–Dirac–Weizsäcker energy density functional using known properties of the orbital electron densities. The concept of complete neglect of differential overlap put forward by Pople and Segal is combined with the original ideas of Wang and Parr on the development of statistical atomic models. For free atoms, it is found that total energies within 0.1% difference relative to Hartree–Fock values can be obtained using a prefactor λ = 1/8 in the Weizsäcker inhomogeneity correction. The corresponding description of total radial densities and shell structure is found to be overall moderate when compared with Hartree–Fock calculations. It is also shown, for the first time, that this approach properly accounts for the ground‐state energy evolution of many‐electron atoms confined by hard spherical walls. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Gegenbauer expansions for three‐electron integrals
Authors: Harris Frank E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn arbitrary power of |ri − rj| can be expanded in terms of the magnitudes of ri and rj and Gegenbauer polynomials whose argument is the cosine of the angle between these two vectors. The Gegenbauer expansion has seen little use in the evaluation of three‐electron integrals because the Gegenbauer polynomials are not orthogonal when integrated over the angular variables of a spherical coordinate system. It is shown here that this disadvantage is easily overcome and that the resulting formulas are not only simple and compact but also particularly suitable for the application of truncation and/or convergence acceleration schemes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Adsorption of CO on the rumpled MgO(100), MgO(100):Ni, and MgO(100):Cr surfaces: A density functional approach
Authors: Quintanar Carlos , Caballero Reyna , Castaño V. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe investigated the adsorption of carbon monoxide on the MgO(100), MgO(100):Ni, and MgO(100):Cr surfaces, using an ab initio density functional cluster embedding approach. The relaxation and rumpling of the MgO surface were explored through potential energy curves. Then, the Mg adsorption site of sharp and rumpled surfaces was studied. Both local density and generalized gradient approximations were employed, and the orbitals were expanded as Gaussian atom‐centered orbitals. It was found that the surface relaxes bulkward ∼1.4%, but Mg ions displace more toward the bulk than the oxygen ions, producing a surface rumpling of ∼0.95%. The energy obtained for CO adsorption on the pure MgO surface with the generalized gradient approximation using the Perdew–Wang (PW86) functional was as large as 1.6 kcal/mol. Finally, for all the systems studied in this work, the relaxed‐rumpled surfaces showed a surface‐CO adsorption energy larger than the sharp surfaces. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Work and community
Authors: Price Richard H. 
Published: January 2005

ConclusionI have argued that research and action in the world of work can be a central concern and a major opportunity for community psychologists. Work is central to well being and identity. It is an arena of rapid and turbulent social change where our values are expressed and lived out. Furthermore, work is not a separate life domain, but interpenetrates family and community life. Work is a source of the psychological sense of community and can be made more so. Experiences at work can spill over to family and community and vice versa. Recognizing the myriad paths of this interdependence is an ecological insight that has the possibility of real consequences for well being in our communities. We have only to act on our insight.
β2‐Adrenergic Receptor Gene Variations Associated with Stage‐2 Hypertension in Northern Han Chinese
Authors: Ge D. , Huang J. , He J. , Li B. , Duan X. , Chen R. , Gu D. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the β2‐adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) (−47C/T, Arg16/Gly, Gln27/Glu) and stage‐2 hypertension in northern Han Chinese. We recruited 503 individuals with stage‐2 hypertension and 504 age‐, gender‐, and area‐matched controls from the International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia. Genotyping was performed using PCR‐RFLP. Logistic regression analyses revealed that carriers of the Gly16 allele had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for hypertension, while carriers of the Glu27 allele had a significantly lower OR. In multivariate linear regression analyses, the Arg16/Gly and Gln27/Glu genotypes were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure level (p= 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). In haplotype analyses, we found the frequency of haplotypes composed of the Gly16 and Gln27 alleles was significantly higher, whereas the frequency of haplotypes composed of the Arg16 and Glu27 alleles was significantly lower, in hypertensives compared to their controls (both p= 0.001). These results indicate that the Gly16 and Gln27 alleles of the ADRB2 gene confer an increased risk for stage‐2 hypertension in this northern Han Chinese population.
Double Heterozygosity with Mutations Involving both the GJB2 and GJB6 Genes is a Possible, but very Rare, Cause of Congenital Deafness in the Czech Population
Authors: Seeman P. , Bendová O. , Rašková D. , Malíková M. , Groh D. , Kabelka Z. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryMutations in the GJB2 gene are the most common cause of prelingual, autosomal recessive, sensorineural hearing loss worldwide. Nevertheless, 10% to 50% of patients with prelingual nonsyndromic deafness only carry one mutation in the GJB2 gene. Recently a large 342 kb deletion named Δ(GJB6‐D13S1830) involving the GJB6 gene was reported in Spanish and French deafness patients, either in a homozygous state or in combination with a monoallelic GJB2 mutation. No data have been reported about the frequency of this mutation in central Europe.Thirteen Czech patients with prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness carrying only one pathogenic mutation in the GJB2 gene were tested for the presence of the Δ(GJB6‐D13S1830) mutation. One patient with a GJB2 mutation (313del14) also carried the Δ(GJB6‐D13S1830). This is the first reported Czech case, and probably also the first central European case, of prelingual deafness due to mutations involving both the GJB2 and GJB6 genes. In addition, the Δ(GJB6‐D13S1830) was not detected in 600 control chromosomes from Czech individuals with normal hearing. We show that in the Czech Republic the Δ(GJB6‐D13S1830) is not the second most common causal factor in deafness patients heterozygous for a single GJB2 mutation, and that Δ(GJB6‐D13S1830) is very rare in central Europe compared to reports from Spain, France and Israel.
Genetic Association Studies in Complex Disease: Disentangling Additional Predisposing Loci from Associated Neutral Loci Using a Constrained ‐ Permutation Approach
Authors: Spijker G.T. , Nolte I.M. , Jansen R.C. , Te Meerman G.J. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryIn the process of genetically mapping a complex disease, the question may arise whether a certain polymorphism is the only causal variant in a region. A number of methods can answer this question, but unfortunately these methods are optimal for bi‐allelic loci only. We wanted to develop a method that is more suited for multi‐allelic loci, such as microsatellite markers.We propose the Additional Disease Loci Test (ADLT): the alleles at an additional locus are permuted within the subsample of haplotypes that have identical alleles at the predisposing locus. The hypothesis being tested is, whether the predisposing locus is the sole factor predisposing to the trait that is in LD with the additional locus under study. We applied ADLT to simulated datasets and a published dataset on Type 1 Diabetes, genotyped for microsatellite markers in the HLA‐region. The method showed the expected number of false‐positive results in the absence of additional loci, but proved to be more powerful than existing methods in the presence of additional disease loci. ADLT was especially superior in datasets with less LD or with multiple predisposing alleles. We conclude that the ADLT can be useful in identifying additional disease loci.
Phenotype Severity and Genetic Variation at the Disease Locus: An Investigation of Nail Dysplasia in the Nail Patella Syndrome
Authors: Dunston J. A. , Lin S. , Park J. W. , Malbroux M. , McIntosh I. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe genetic bases underlying the range and severity of phenotypes in Mendelian disorders is poorly understood; however, improvements in this area have the potential to facilitate analysis of oligogenic disorders. The nail dysplasia observed in Nail Patella Syndrome (NPS) was selected as a quantifiable variable within a Mendelian disorder, for which data could be readily obtained, to allow investigation of the genetic basis of variation. Analysis of SNP haplotypes across the LMX1B gene demonstrated association between the haplotype of the mutant allele and the variability in the nail score (p = 0.024). These results are in contrast to those obtained previously, which supported a modifying role for the wild‐type allele. Since there is no evidence that particular mutations, or classes of mutation, are associated with the variation (p > 0.5), further work is required to identify the elements associated with the LMX1B gene that mediate phenotypic severity.
The use of Allelic Expression Differences to Ascertain Functional Polymorphisms Acting in cis: Analysis of MMP1 Transcripts in Normal Lung Tissue
Authors: Heighway J. , Bowers N. L. , Smith S. , Betticher D. C. , Santibáñez Koref M. F. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryAberrant expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions of the lung. In vitro results and analysis of tumours and cell lines suggest that an insertion/deletion polymorphism at position ‐1607 in the promoter of the gene can influence expression levels. However, whether this polymorphism is associated with differences in expression in normal lung tissue remains to be established. Polymorphisms affecting expression in cis will lead to alleles with different expression levels and will result in unequal expression of both alleles in heterozygous individuals (allelic expression imbalance, AEI). This can be detected using a transcribed marker. Here we follow a new approach and use AEI to ascertain that the ‐1607 polymorphism is associated with allelic expression differences of MMP1 in normal lung tissue. This approach could be used to map the sites associated with inter‐individual expression differences in other genes. This is of particular interest since such sites allow prediction of expression levels, and can be used to test whether genetically determined differences in expression influence inter‐individual differences of a phenotype of interest, such as disease predisposition.
Fine Mapping Functional Sites or Regions from Case‐Control Data Using Haplotypes of Multiple Linked SNPs
Authors: Cheng Rong , Ma Jennie Z. , Elston Robert C. , Li Ming D. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryPreviously, we reported an algorithm for scanning a large number of tightly linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for LD mapping of functional sites or regions from a family‐based association design. In the present study, we extend our method to a case‐control design. We first use the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate haplotype frequencies of multiple linked SNPs, and follow this by constructing a contingency table statisticSfor LD analysis, based on the estimated haplotype frequencies. An empiricalp‐value is obtained based on the null distribution of the maximum ofS(S *) from a large number (e.g., 1,000 or more) of randomized permutations. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in a computer program in which window searching for functional SNP sites can cover any number of loci without limitation, except that of computer storage. Unlike other programs for a case‐control design that always conduct tests at a fix window width, in our program after setting a maximum size of haplotype window width, for a given maximum window width all possible widths of haplotypes are utilized to find the maximum statisticS * for each locus under investigation. The sensitivity of the proposed algorithm has been examined with simulated and real genotyping datasets. Association analyses indicate that our program is powerful enough to detect most, if not all, functional SNPs simulated in the original model or identified in the original report. Moreover, the program is very flexible and can be used in either regional or genome‐wide scanning for association analysis with SNP markers.
Effects of exploitation on reproductive capacity of blackspot snapper, Lutjanus fulviflamma (Pisces: Lutjanidae) in Mafia Island, Tanzania
Authors: Kamukuru A. T. , Mgaya Y. D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThere is paucity of information on the effects of exploitation on reproductive characteristics of blackspot snapper, Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål 1775) in Tanzanian coastal waters. We compared size at first sexual maturity (LM50), sex ratio, fecundity, and breeding season of L. fulviflamma in least fished Mafia Island Marine Park (MIMP) and intensively fished areas (IFA) between May 1999 and April 2001. Fish in MIMP matured at significantly smaller size (female: LM50 = 206.3 mm; male: LM50 = 195.5 mm) than in IFA (female: LM50 = 216.7 mm; male: LM50 =212.1 mm) total body length. Sex ratio was balanced at 1.03 : 1 (female : male) in MIMP, but it was skewed 0.9 : 1 (female : male) in IFA. Size‐related differences in sex ratio were observed with males predominating in the smaller sizes and females in the larger sizes. Total fecundity of fish in MIMP was determined at 45,200–430,200 oocytes in females of between 207 and 293 mm total length. Lutjanus fulviflamma in MIMP has a prolonged spawning season lasting from September to March peaking in December. None of the fish from IFA were in breeding state, suggesting recruitment overfishing is an added matter of concern for the long‐term sustainability of the fishery at the current exploitation level.