bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
50 Years of Antenatal Corticosteroids: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gyokova Elitsa H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) to accelerate fetal lung maturation is considered one of the most valuable antenatal therapies in preterm labour. Although early indications that administering antenatal corticosteroids has a positive impact on fetal lung maturation and despite the widespread recommendations to use this treatment in women at risk of preterm birth, there is still some uncertainty regarding its effectiveness, particularly in lower-resource settings and in high-risk groups such as women with hypertension or multiple pregnancies. The optimal timing of administration has not improved in over 50 years. This assessment aimed to evaluate the effects of administering a course of corticosteroids to women before anticipated preterm birth (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) on fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, maternal mortality and morbidity, and the child’s health later in life. It is advised that clinicians only administer a single course of ACS in high-risk cases of preterm birth likely to occur within the next seven days, and the gestational age is between 22+0 and 33+6 weeks. The diagnosis of preterm labour should be made based on available resources and expertise and supported by comprehensive protocols in the relevant setting.
Study on 25 (OH) Vitamin D Status in Hospitalizied Children with Acute Respiratory Infections: Preliminary Results
Authors: Petkova Gena S. , Shentov Boiko R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Our study aimed to determine and analyze the serum levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) to assess vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for increased morbidity of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in childhood. The changes in the serum parathormone level were used as a criterion for vitamin D sufficiency since an optimal level of 25 (OH) vitamin D is required for normal PTH values. The study included 87 children divided into four subgroups, respectively – children with acute bronchopneumonia (n=49), children with acute laryngotracheitis (n=11), children with acute bronchiolitis (n=16), and a control group (n=11). Subnormal Vit. D levels were found in the individual groups: in the bronchopneumonia group, 18 children showed evidence of insufficiency; in the group of children with laryngotracheitis, five children showed insufficiency, and one child had Vit.D deficiency; children with acute bronchiolitis showed abnormalities in vit. D levels: seven children with insufficiency and two children - with deficiency. The preliminary results showed that Vit. D status deviations are more common in children with acute respiratory infections than in healthy children.
Serum Erythropoietin in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in the Predialysis Stage
Authors: Todorova Gergana V. , Akisheva Aygulya M. , Pendicheva-Duhlenska Diana I. , Todorov Vasil V. , Stoimenova Milena Y. , Ruseva Adelaida L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A prospective study was carried out of serum erythropoietin levels in patients with chronic renal failure/chronic kidney disease in the predialysis period. The study is part of scientific project № 2/2022, financed by Medical University-Pleven. Fifty patients were tested – 22 males and 28 females (average age 63.7±13.0), with average serum creatinine 253±127 mcmol/l and average glomerular filtration rate of 22.6±11.8 ml/min/1,72 m2. The results showed that the serum erythropoietin level varied from 1.86 to 48.50 U/l and was below the borderline in only three patients. There were no significant differences between serum erythropoietin and haemoglobin values in both genders. No differences were found between the average haemoglobin values of patients with different values of serum erythropoietin. Non-significant differences were found in the values of serum erythropoietin in patients with different haemoglobin values. A statistically significant difference between the average value of serum erythropoietin was seen in the group of patients who were not undergoing treatment for anaemia with recombinant erythropoietin (8.5±5.9 U/l) and the groups treated with a dose above 3000 UI/weakly (from 18.6±11.3 to 19.7±8.8 U/l).
Surgical Sepsis of Hepatobiliary Origin: Cоmplications and Prognosis
Authors: Marinova Polina G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Hepatobiliary sepsis and biliary septic shock are defined as a group of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the biliary tract which, in their progression, lead to sepsis in case of delayed diagnosis and treatment. The study aimed to analyse all the cases of hepatobiliary sepsis treated at the Clinic of Surgery, Dr G. Stranski University Hospital – Pleven, from 2016 to 2020 and create a reliable prognostic score for surveillance for patients with hepatobiliary sepsis. Retrospectively, we analysed the records of 697 patients (81%) with a hepatobiliary tract infection, including 79 (11.3%) diagnosed with hepatobiliary sepsis and six fatal cases (1.3%). We evaluated all statistically significant factors that affected mortality: immune deficiency comorbidity (р<0.005), pathogenesis-related to trauma and ascending biliary tract infection (p<0.005), positive hemoculture (p<0.001), length of hospital stay, the need of treatment in intensive care unit and all septic complications. We designed four different prognostic indices based on calculated individual SOFA scores and factors that significantly affected mortality in the high SOFA score patients: immune deficiency, pathogenesis-related risks of sepsis or positive blood culture. The newly designed indices for the outcome are original and have 80% sensitivity and 87% specificity, compared with a simple SOFA score.
Artificial Intelligence – An Ally or a Foe of Foreign Language Teaching?
Authors: Buşe Oana , Căbulea Mihaela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The rise of technological advancements and the extensive use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in many domains of activity nowadays have triggered a paradigm shift in the educational field which seems to be facing multiple challenges in order to adapt to the newly emerged needs of a highly digitalized society. Online education has become a “revolution en masse” (Nikon, 2023) providing a fertile ground for a seamless blend between Artificial Intelligence and language studying. Foreign language trainers have become aware of the benefits of this transformational process and have been trying to take advantage of the new opportunities by implementing them into the educational process and tailoring them to the real needs of the learners. While AI has been constantly acclaimed for its potential to improve learning outcomes, there are voices who contend against its use, stating that the negative implications outweigh by far the benefits. This papers aims at analysing the advantages and disadvantages of an AI-powered teaching-learning process and at highlighting specific applicability when it comes to foreign languages.
Food Security and Armed Conflicts
Authors: Halmaghi Elisabeta-Emilia , Cîrdei Alin , Metea Ileana-Gentilia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Food security is a basic component of human security and consists in ensuring the food resources necessary for the survival of the population. Food security can be affected both by natural phenomena such as drought, floods, natural disasters, earthquakes and landslides, but also by human activities. Among human activities, armed conflicts have the greatest impact on food security because the destruction caused makes it impossible to produce food resources and limits the population’s access to food resources produced in another area. The consequences of conflicts on food security are very difficult to identify and manage, because controlling the causes and limiting the effects are, most of the time, beyond the immediate capabilities of the conflicting parties.
Faktor Penyebab Klaim yang Menyebabkan Sengketa Pada Proyek Pengerukan dan Reklamasi Berdasarkan FIDIC Form of Contract for Dredging and Reclamation Edition 2016 (Blue Book)
Authors: Simanjuntak Indra Jadi , Hardjomuljadi Sarwono , Amin Mawardi 
Published: December 2023

Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan industri di Indonesia mendorong pembangunan infrastruktur Pelabuhan yang pekerjaannya meliputi pekerjaan pengerukan dan reklamasi. Pekerjaan pengerukan dan reklamasi sebagian besar dilaksanakan oleh Penyedia Jasa spesialis dari luar negeri mengakibatkan FIDIC Form of Contract for Dredging and Reclamation (Blue Book) edisi tahun 2016 menjadi sering digunakan di Indonesia. Seiring dengan penggunaan FIDIC Blue Book edisi tahun 2016 banyak klaim dan perselisihan antara Pengguna Jasa dan Penyedia Jasa yang menyebabkan sengketa. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian tentang analisis faktor-faktor penyebab klaim yang menyebabkan sengketa untuk pekerjaan pengerukan dan reklamasi yang menggunakan Kontrak FIDIC Blue Book. Penelitian dilakukan pada proyek pengerukan dan reklamasi di Indonesia yang menggunakan FIDIC Blue Book dengan menggunakan kuesioner skala likert 5 kepada 85 responden. Data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS v26.0 dan analisis menggunakan RII (Relative Important Index). Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa faktor penyebab utama klaim yang mengakibatkan sengketa pada proyek pengerukan dan reklamasi di Indonesia yang menggunakan FIDIC Form of Contract for Dredging and Reclamation Edition 2016 (Blue Book) dari responden adalah keterlambatan yang diakibatkan oleh Pengguna Jasa (A10), perbedaan interpretasi dokumen Kontrak (C5), perubahan lingkup pekerjaan (A6), penyelidikan lapangan yang kurang lengkap (A14) dan penemuan obstacle, bom dan ranjau sisa perang dunia (D7).
Karakteristik Marshall Pada Campuran HRS-WC Menggunakan Pyrite Limbah PLTU Asam-Asam Kabupaten Tanah Laut Sebagai Pengganti Agregat Kasar
Authors: Ruhaidani Emma , Hardiani Dyah Pradhytia , Anggarini Elia 
Published: December 2023

Pyrite merupakan limbah batu bara yang berupa butiran – butiran seperti batu dengan ukuran 2 – 4 mm, Pyrite termasuk batu bara muda yang tidak bisa hancur dan dibakar dengan menggunakan alat coal crusher. Pyrite selama ini digunakan untuk campuran pembuatan paving block, batako, bata ringan, dan jalan beton. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisis dari limbah Pyrite, mengetahui hasil karakteristik Marshall campuran pada aspal dengan penggunaan Pyrite 0%,5%, 10%, 25%, 50% dserta mengetahui kadar aspal optimum pada campuran aspal HRS – WC. Pada penelitian ini Pyrite dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan campuran agregat kasar pada campuran aspal HRS – WC diharapkan sebagai alternatif guna mengurangi limbah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Kadar aspal optimum yang digunakan adalah 5%, 5,5%, 6%, 6,5% dan 7%. Dari hasil pengujian bahan didapatkan nilai abrasi pyrite sebesar 38,9%, hal ini menunjukan bahwa pyrite termasuk material yang rapuh. Dari hasil penelitian didaptkan bahwa penggunaan pyrite sebesar 10% dari total agregat kasar menghasilkan nilai flow sebesar 4,4 mm, nilai MQ sebesar 289,44 kg/mm dengan kadar aspal optimum sebesar 5,4 – 7%.
PERAN GURU DALAM MEMBERIKAN PEMBELAJARAN ANAK USIA DINI PASCA PANDEMI DI TK SHAFA MARWAH
Authors: Iskandar Ghaniya Nastiti , Darmiyanti Astuti , Munafiah Nida’ul 
Published: December 2023

Peran guru sangat penting dimasa pandemic ini untuk memberikan pembelajaran dan berbagai motivasi untuk anak usia dini. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan pengumpulan data observasi berupa wawancara dan sebuah data yang valid yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Sekolah Tk Shafa Marwah. Hasil dan penelitian ini adalah peranan penting bagi seorang guru dalam memberikan pembelajaran dan meni-ngkatkan kinerja guru dalam memberikan pasca pandemic, kita juga sebagai guru itu harus mampu memberikan contoh yang terbaik pada guru maupun anak didik, dengan meyakinkan aturan yang diberikan, dan melakukan ketentuan yang sudah diberikan oleh sekolah. Pada pembelajaran yang dilakukan selama berlangsung ini sudah sangat disiapkan oleh guru, tanggung jawab yang besar untuk memberikan hal positif antara guru dengan anak didik untuk mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak
Stability of Supersonic Boundary Layer with Internal Heat Supply and Injection of Homogeneous Gas through a Porous Wall
Authors: Gaponov S. A. 
Published: December 2023

The influence of the Mach number and Reynolds number on the stability of the boundary layer with internal heat supply and homogeneous gas injection through the porous wall is studied. At a fixed Mach numbers, the dependence of perturbation amplification rate on the distance to the plate leading edge is not monotonic. As the Reynolds number increases, the phase velocity tends to the velocity at the inflection generalizing point. Two-dimensional waves are the most growing in the boundary layer. With increasing Mach number and a fixed distance from the plate, edge there is a strong stabilization of the boundary layer. At M=4 the amplification rate maximum decreases in comparison with the corresponding value at M=0 by more than an magnitude order, and the length of the stable boundary layer increases by a factor of 2. At the same time, a frequency at the neutral curve critical point decreases by a factor of about three. It has been establishing that both in the absence of gas injection through a porous wall and in its presence, the internal heat supply has a stabilizing effect on the boundary layer. Within the adopted model of heat supply at M=3 the degree of amplification decreases by about one and a half times in comparison with the case without internal heating of the boundary layer
Library in the Space of Books and Events of the 36th Moscow International Book Fair
Authors: Volkhonskaya Elena N. 
Published: December 2023

From August 30 to September 3, 2023, the 36th Moscow International Book Fair was held at the Expo Centre Central Exhibition Complex on Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment. The Forum brought together participants from various regions of Russia, as well as representatives of 21 countries, including seven countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Germany, China and Iran, and was attended by more than 34 thousand people. The VKontakte social network has become a partner of online broadcasts and the official MIBF network. More than 300 events were held at seven venues. Publishers from Moscow, St. Petersburg and 26 other Russian regions presented their books.The article presents an annual review of the activities of the MIBF: The National competition “Book of the Year — 2023”, the competition of the Russian Library Association “The Best professional Book of the Year”, the 3rd Readers’ Assembly of the Commonwealth, the industry conference “Book Market of Russia — 2023”, the Moscow International Children’s Book Fair. In the event context of the most relevant events for the library industry, libraries’ understanding of their role in the socio-cultural life of society is revealed: achievements and initiatives aimed at preserving heritage, promoting books and reading are noted, new projects, including book publishing, are presented, the results of the participation of the Russian State Library and the publishing house “Pashkov Dom” in the MIBF-2023 are summed up.
The effect of applying International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) in the activation of the tax system
Authors: Mahmoud Baban , Ahmed Ramyar 
Published: December 2023

The study aims to diagnose the effect of applying International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) on tax accounting processes on the one hand, and to identify the reflection of the financial statements as a mediating variable in the relationship between International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) as an independent variable and the approved variable for tax accounting. In order to answer these questions, the tax departments were selected as well as a sample of academics specialized in the field of accounting and tax accounting at the University of Sulaymaniyah in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq as a field of study and a source for obtaining the data collected by the questionnaire distributed to a sample of professionals working in the tax departments as well as a sample of Academics specialized in the field of accounting and tax accounting, numbering (127), from which (100) valid forms were retrieved for statistical analysis. The questionnaire was used to collect the required data to analyze it in order to reach the results of the study in both its theoretical and practical aspects. A hypothetical scheme was formulated that reflects the harmonious relationships and influence between the dimensions of the study, which are (International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes), financial statements, and tax accounting). objectives and implementation of its plan. The field verification was consistent with the theoretical objective, which proved the existence of relationships between the dimensions studied. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of an impact relationship for International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) in activating tax accounting with the presence of financial statements. In light of the conclusions reached by the study, a number of proposals were presented, the most important of which is related to the need for timing decisions to expand attention and focus more on applying International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) to better activate tax accounting processes.
Commentary and Reflection on Contemporary Graphic Architecture through Kant's Aesthetic Critique Theory
Authors: Gao Yuanben 
Published: December 2023

Since the beginning of the 21st century, a wave of innovative graphic architecture has emerged. However, these architectural works seem to have failed to inherit the profound aesthetics and sense of beauty associated with classical graphic architecture from history. Instead, they often exhibit superficial and exaggerated qualities, sparking widespread debate and criticism. This paper aims to integrate Immanuel Kant's aesthetic critique perspective, as presented in his work "Critique of Judgment," into the discourse on contemporary graphic architecture. By incorporating Kant's analyses and arguments regarding "agreeable," "beauty," and the "sublime" into discussions of contemporary architectural aesthetics, we seek to analyze and compare the similarities and differences between these new graphic architectural works and their classical predecessors. Ultimately, we arrive at the conclusion that these contemporary graphic architectural works, which often appear superficial and clichéd, are not deserving of admiration. At the same time, we propose recommendations for the design of future graphic architecture based on these insights.
Cardigan Makrame Dengan Hiasan Bada Mudiak
Authors: Ramadhani Sylvi Chyntia , Akbar Taufik , Yulimarni Yulimarni , Hendratno Hendratno 
Published: December 2023

Bada Mudiak is a Minangkabau pattern inspired by fish. Bada Mudiak means small fish facing upstream. This pattern contains the meaning of life that is harmonious, compact, one-sided, harmonious, one-way, and purposeful. The concept of the work created is the application of Bada Mudiak to macrame cardigan created in the size and placement of Bada Mudiak pattern. The method used is called Gustami SP's three-stage theory, started from exploring the process of searching or exploring to make direct observations to find out Bada Mudiak's pattern as well as looking for reference sources and images through literature study. Designing starts from sketching, designing and continuing with the embodiment process by preparing the materials and tools used. The work was created using 2 mm black, yellow, and red cotton rope. Macrame technique is used to create cardigans, and embroidery techniques is used to combine Bada Mudiak pattern on it.Each work created has a different meaning and title, namely: Ka Hulu, Indak Saliang Manyalo, Bairingan, Basamo Balapang-Lapang, Cilako Jikok Basilang, Saraso, and Tongga Babeleng. Keywords: Bada Mudiak, Cardigan, Macrame, Embroider
Race-Condition-Robust Hardware-Software Equivalence in *n*x
Authors: Dickson Larry 
Published: December 2023

Classic CSP communication channels behave equivalently whether connecting software processes or hardware devices. The static OCCAM language and the Transputer proces- sor, both based on finite CSP, exhibit this property, which results in Hardware-Software Equivalence between implementation of the same programs (including binaries). Programs written in OCCAM and run on the Transputer can be proven correct and their behavior characterized down to cycle count.This Fringe presentation shows a technique for extending this HSE to *n*x processes and devices in certain applications. Wherever certain capabilities of the ssh suite of pro- grams are found, it works to allow communication using sockets as the communicators known to the programs. An ssh tunnel between sockets on separate devices allows this to work in the hardware case, without any change in the programs including their binaries. Among the *n*x varieties we have shown to work are Linux, Mac BSD, and Termux over Android.The technique passes short messages via a server program. An investigation of race conditions, using the property of select() that it always finds a winner among file descriptor communication races, proves that the communication is robust across all possible timing differences between communicating client pairs.The current code works if two of the clients are communicating at a time. It requires further development before handling three independent racing systems.
FAILURE OF FOLLICULAR STIMULATION AND OESTRUS INDUCTION WITH SYNTHETIC GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE AND PROGESTERONE IN DEEPLY ANOSTRUS ARABIAN MARES
Authors: F.R. ABDUL-AZIZ 
Published: December 2023

Six deeply anestrus Arabian mares associated with small, hard inactive ovaries were treated with synthetic gonadotrophin releasing hormone, GnRH, (Fertagyl ) and progesterone (Primolut Depot) to produce the gonadotrophin surges responsible for inducing follicular activity, estrus behavior and ovulation during the breeding season (Spring and Summer). The mares were given intramuscuarly three courses of the synthetic GnRH begining on days 1,11 and 21 of treatment. Each course consisted of 4 injections of 1.0 mg of Fertagyl given at 12 hours intervals. On day 23, animals were given another injection of 1.5 mg of Fertagyl, the mares also received an injections of 150 mg progesterone daily from day 5 till day 16.
Clinical examination of the mares revealed neither ovarian follicular activity nor estrus behavior. It appears that synthetic GnRH and progesterone in deeply anestrus Arabian mares failed to induce cyclic follicular stimulation and estrus behavior.
SERUM ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN COWS WITH AND WITHOUT RETAINED PLACENTA
Authors: I., Al-Anbaghy K. , K., Shareef R. , H., Ali A. , Fathalla M. 
Published: December 2023

Serum samples from 8 Friesian cows with retained placenta and from 6 without retained placenta were analysed for estradiol 17B (E2) and progesterone concentrations by radiolimmunoassay.
Results revealed that, mean E2 values in the affected COWS were higher than those of the unaffected, while progesterone levels did not differ significantly in both groups.
Data have suggested that the increased estrogen level before parturition, toghether, with fall in the progesterone levels might be involved in the incidence of retained placenta.