bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zeroth- and first-order difference discrimination for unsupervised domain adaptation
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Xing , Zhang Xiao-Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnsupervised domain adaptation transfers empirical knowledge from a label-rich source domain to a fully unlabeled target domain with a different distribution. A core idea of many existing approaches is to reduce the distribution divergence between domains. However, they focused only on part of the discrimination, which can be categorized into optimizing the following four objectives: reducing the intraclass distance between domains, enlarging the interclass distances between domains, reducing the intraclass distances within domains, and enlarging the interclass distances within domains. Moreover, because few methods consider multiple types of objectives, the consistency of data representations produced by different types of objectives has not yet been studied. In this paper, to address the above issues, we propose a zeroth- and first-order difference discrimination (ZFOD) approach for unsupervised domain adaptation. It first optimizes the above four objectives simultaneously. To improve the discrimination consistency of the data across the two domains, we propose a first-order difference constraint to align the interclass differences across domains. Because the proposed method needs pseudolabels for the target domain, we adopt a recent pseudolabel generation method to alleviate the negative impact of imprecise pseudolabels. We conducted an extensive comparison with nine representative conventional methods and seven remarkable deep learning-based methods on four benchmark datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method, as a conventional approach, not only significantly outperforms the nine conventional comparison methods but is also competitive with the seven deep learning-based comparison methods. In particular, our method achieves an accuracy of 93.4% on the Office+Caltech10 dataset, which outperforms the other comparison methods. An ablation study further demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed constraint in aligning the objectives.
Legitimation erwachsenenpädagogischer Programmbereiche am Beispiel der digitalen Grundbildung
Authors: Koller Julia , Arbeiter Jana , Bickeböller Jakob , Theurer Thomas 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungGesamtgesellschaftlicher Wandel und Megatrends wie die digitale Transformation können Akteure und Organisationen der Erwachsenenbildung dazu veranlassen, die Legitimität ihrer Handlungsroutinen zu reevaluieren. Der Beitrag veranschaulicht die Legitimation von Programmbereichen am Beispiel der Digitalen Grundbildung. Im Anschluss an den Neo-Institutionalismus wird erörtert, dass Organisationen auf Legitimationsquellen aus ihrer Umwelt zurückgreifen können und müssen. Auf Grundlage einer Interviewstudie (n = 16), die mit Verfahren der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet wurde, werden folgende Fragen bearbeitet: (1) Welche inhaltlichen Bezüge (Legitimationen) sind bei der Konstruktion und Behauptung von Legitimität für den Programmbereich digitale Grundbildung von Bedeutung? (2) Inwieweit werden diese Legitimationen zu Legitimationsmustern verknüpft? Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass professionelles Handeln im Zusammenhang mit dem Herstellen von Legitimität eine stete Reflexion der Ziele beinhaltet. Es zeigen sich dabei bestimmte Legitimationsmuster: ökonomische Abwägungen, pädagogisch-normative Überzeugungen sowie das Vorhandensein von „institutional digital entrepreneurs“.
Literature in an age of endless work
Authors: Lupton Christina Jane 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis piece makes the case for the novel’s allegiance to a way of life that includes both work and contemplation. I point this out in response to some recent arguments that situate reading in one framework or another: a professional or a ›lay‹ context; a critical or a literary one. Bringing in the results of a recent ethnographic study that shows even literary academics wishing for some reading time away from work, and some novels that situate themselves at the end of the working day, I suggest that the best case for literature’s professional and practical continuation lies, ironically, in our political defence of a mode of non-work.
Visible-infrared person re-identification via specific and shared representations learning
Authors: Zheng Aihua , Liu Juncong , Wang Zi , Huang Lili , Li Chenglong , Yin Bing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe primary goal of visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) is to match pedestrian photos obtained during the day and night. The majority of existing methods simply generate auxiliary modalities to reduce the modality discrepancy for cross-modality matching. They capture modality-invariant representations but ignore the extraction of modality-specific representations that can aid in distinguishing among various identities of the same modality. To alleviate these issues, this work provides a novel specific and shared representations learning (SSRL) model for VI-ReID to learn modality-specific and modality-shared representations. We design a shared branch in SSRL to bridge the image-level gap and learn modality-shared representations, while a specific branch retains the discriminative information of visible images to learn modality-specific representations. In addition, we propose intra-class aggregation and inter-class separation learning strategies to optimize the distribution of feature embeddings at a fine-grained level. Extensive experimental results on two challenging benchmark datasets, SYSU-MM01 and RegDB, demonstrate the superior performance of SSRL over state-of-the-art methods.
Smart sustainable concrete: enhancing the strength and durability with nano silica
Authors: Kashyap Vikram Singh , Sancheti Gaurav , Yadav Jitendra Singh , Agrawal Utkarsh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA detailed investigation was conducted to analyse the mechanical and durability features of a mixture of binary cement concrete modified with nanomaterials. In the context of the concrete matrix, the substitution of fractional cement content was carried out using Nano silica (NS) at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Four distinct cementitious blends were subjected to a comprehensive match of tests, which encompassed compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, static modulus of elasticity, bulk density, water absorption, permeability, carbonation resistance, acid attack resistance, and rapid chloride penetration. The compositions of the mixes were investigated through the use of various microstructural analysis techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The research revealed significant improvements in the mechanical and durability characteristics of the material. An increment in the mechanical and durability properties of mixtures were seen due to inclusion of marble power and Nano silica due to enhanced pozzolanic activities of composite and its filling effect. It is worth mentioning that Nano silica has shown the potential to mitigate the degradation caused by exposure to sulfuric acid. The SEM-EDX analysis demonstrated a decrease in the Ca/Si ratio when compared to the reference combination, suggesting an increase in the consumption of calcium hydroxide (CH) and the creation of a more compact calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) findings indicate that NS has the ability to act as an accelerator for pozzolanic processes. This is achieved by consuming calcium hydroxide (CH) and promoting the creation of extra calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which ultimately enhances the overall performance of the concrete mixture.
Antifungal stewardship: the Latin American experience
Authors: Riera Fernando , Cortes Luna Jorge , Rabagliatti Ricardo , Scapellato Pablo , Caeiro Juan Pablo , Chaves Magri Marcello Mihalenko , Sotomayor Claudia Elena , Rodrigues Falci Diego 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntifungal stewardship is a critical component of healthcare management that focuses on optimizing the use of antifungal medications to improve patient outcomes, minimize resistance, and reduce healthcare costs. In resource-limited settings, the prevalence of fungal infections remains a significant health concern, often exacerbated by factors such as compromised immune systems, inadequate diagnostic capabilities, and limited access to antifungal agents. This paper reviews the current state of antifungal stewardship practices in developing countries, addressing the unique socioeconomic and healthcare landscape.
Insomnia, Suicidal Thoughts, and Mental Health Among Health-Care Workers During COVID-19
Authors: Wei Lien-Chung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a significant mental health crisis among frontline healthcare workers (FHCWs), with increased reports of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, insomnia, and suicidal thoughts. This letter to the editor responds to a recent study on the psychological burden among FHCWs in Mexico and presents complementary findings from Taiwan. We found that fear of COVID-19, trust in information, and resilience were significant factors contributing to mental health outcomes, including insomnia and suicidal thoughts, among outpatients, healthcare workers, and the general population during the pandemic. These findings suggest that mental health interventions for healthcare workers should consider these factors and include strategies for clear communication, stress management, and resilience building. Particular attention should be given to nurses and residents/fellows who seem to be bearing a disproportionate share of the psychological burden. Ultimately, understanding these contributing factors can guide the development of targeted interventions to support the mental well-being of FHCWs during the pandemic.
Phone-based psychosocial counseling for people living with HIV: Feasibility, acceptability and impact on uptake of psychosocial counseling services in Malawi
Authors: Cox Carrie M. , Masiano Steven , Mazenga Alick , Stark Madeline , Udedi Michael , Simon Katherine R. , Ahmed Saeed , Nyasulu Phoebe , Kim Maria H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
People living with HIV experience psychosocial needs that often are not addressed. We designed an innovative low-resource model of phone-based psychosocial counseling (P-PSC). We describe cohort characteristics, acceptability, feasibility and utilization of P-PSC at health facilities supported by Baylor Foundation Malawi. Staff were virtually oriented at 120 sites concurrently. From facility-based phones, people with new HIV diagnosis, high viral load, treatment interruption or mental health concerns were referred without identifiable personal information to 13 psychosocial counselors via a WhatsApp group. Routine program data were retrospectively analyzed using univariate approaches and regressions with interrupted time series analyses. Clients utilizing P-PSC were 63% female, 25% youth (10–24 y) and 9% children (<10 y). They were referred from all 120 supported health facilities. Main referral reasons included new HIV diagnosis (32%), ART adherence support (32%) and treatment interruption (21%). Counseling was completed for 99% of referrals. Counseling sessions per month per psychosocial counselor increased from 77 before P-PSC to 216 in month 1 (95% CI = 82, 350, p = 0.003). Total encounters increased significantly to 31,642 in year 1 from ~6,000 during the 12 prior months, an over fivefold increase. P-PSC implementation at 120 remote facilities was acceptable and feasible with immediate, increased utilization despite few psychosocial counselors in Malawi.
A TERMINATING INTUITIONISTIC CALCULUS
Authors: FELLIN GIULIO , NEGRI SARA 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A terminating sequent calculus for intuitionistic propositional logic is obtained by modifying the R

$\supset $

rule of the labelled sequent calculus

$\mathbf {G3I}$

. This is done by adding a variant of the principle of a fortiori in the left-hand side of the premiss of the rule. In the resulting calculus, called

${\mathbf {G3I}}_{\mathbf {t}}$

, derivability of any given sequent is directly decidable by root-first proof search, without any extra device such as loop-checking. In the negative case, the failed proof search gives a finite countermodel to the sequent on a reflexive, transitive, and Noetherian Kripke frame. As a byproduct, a direct proof of faithfulness of the embedding of intuitionistic logic into Grzegorcyk logic is obtained.
-ZARISKI PAIRS OF SURFACE SINGULARITIES
Authors: EYRAL CHRISTOPHE , OKA MUTSUO 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLet$f_0$and$f_1$be two homogeneous polynomials of degreedin three complex variables$z_1,z_2,z_3$. We show that the Lê–Yomdin surface singularities defined by$g_0:=f_0+z_i^{d+m}$and$g_1:=f_1+z_i^{d+m}$have the same abstract topology, the same monodromy zeta-function, the same$\mu ^*$-invariant, but lie in distinct path-connected components of the$\mu ^*$-constant stratum if their projective tangent cones (defined by$f_0$and$f_1$, respectively) make a Zariski pair of curves in$\mathbb {P}^2$, the singularities of which are Newton non-degenerate. In this case, we say that$V(g_0):=g_0^{-1}(0)$and$V(g_1):=g_1^{-1}(0)$make a$\mu ^*$-Zariski pair of surface singularities. Being such a pair is a necessary condition for the germs$V(g_0)$and$V(g_1)$to have distinct embedded topologies.
Strategic CEO Activism in Polarized Markets
Authors: Homroy Swarnodeep , Gangopadhyay Shubhashis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, we show that statements of U.S. CEOs on contentious social issues are not necessarily an expression of their political views. Republican-donor CEOs are three times more likely to make social statements with a liberal slant. CEO activism is more likely if firms’ operating environment is politically polarized and employees are Democrat-leaning. Such statements are associated with a 3% increase in consumer visits to a firm’s Democrat County stores without significantly reducing them in Republican counties. CEO activism is associated with a 0.12% gain in firm value, increased quarterly sales, and a reduced likelihood of shareholder activism on social issues.
Lexical processing in children with hearing impairment in oral word reading in transparent Arabic orthography
Authors: Mattar Mirna , El Akiki Carole , Leybaert Jacqueline 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWord recognition mechanisms constitute an essential contribution to reading achievement in both deaf and hearing children. Little is known about how children with hearing impairment (HI) manage to read aloud words in the vowelled Arabic transparent script which provides full vowel information. This study aimed to compare word and pseudoword reading accuracy and speed between 32 Lebanese children with HI and 32 younger hearing Lebanese children. The two groups were carefully matched for reading comprehension and oral comprehension levels. Length, word frequency, and lexicality effects were assessed to characterize the functioning of the lexical and sublexical reading procedures. Reading errors were also analyzed to document reading difficulties in transparent Arabic orthography in the sublexical route. The results show significant effects of length, word frequency, and lexicality on reading accuracy and speed in both groups. They also indicate underdeveloped sublexical and lexical routes in children with HI who read less accurately and faster than the younger hearing children. Reading errors are numerous in children with HI. The data are discussed in light of the Dual Route Cascaded model. Suggestions are made about how to improve reading processes in children with HI.
High prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in Forest Guinea: Results from a rapid community survey
Authors: Hammer Charlotte C. , Diallo Mariama Dalanda , Kann Boubacar , Sanoh Fatoumata , Leno Tamba N’fantoma , Mansare Oumar , Diakité Ismail , Sow Abdoulaye Djibril , Konate Yacouba , Ryan-Castillo Emilie , Barry Alpha Mahmoud , Standley Claire J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Malaria is endemic in Guinea; however, the extent and role in transmission of asymptomatic malaria are not well understood. In May 2023, we conducted a rapid community survey to determine Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) prevalence among asymptomatic individuals in Middle Guinea (Prefecture Dalaba) and Forest Guinea (Prefecture Guéckédou). In Dalaba, 6 of 239 (2.1%, confidence interval (CI) 0.9–4.8%) individuals tested positive for P. falciparum by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), while in Guéckédou, 147 of 235 (60.9%, CI 54.5–66.9%) participants tested positive. Asymptomatic malaria needs to be considered more strongly as a driver of transmission when designing control strategies, especially in Forest Guinea and potentially other hyper-endemic settings.
A Simulation Study for Future Geodetic Satellites Tracked by Satellite Laser Ranging
Authors: Najder Joanna , Sośnica Krzysztof , Strugarek Dariusz , Zajdel Radosław 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSatellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements play a key role in determining global geodetic parameters, such as station coordinates, geocenter motion, low‐degree Earth's gravity field parameters, and Earth rotation parameters. Observations to two LAser GEOdynamics Satellites (LAGEOS) and two Etalon satellites provide operational standard products and contribute to the realization of the scale and the origin of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Currently, an extension of the ITRF realizations is being considered with the inclusion of the Laser Relativity Satellite (LARES). In July 2022, the LARES‐2 satellite was launched with the main purpose to verify fundamental physics, especially the Lense‐Thirring effect emerging from General Relativity. We simulate orbits and observations for the LARES‐2 satellite, as well as the LARES‐like satellites, which complement the current constellation of LAGEOS‐1/‐2 and LARES‐1/‐2 using the butterfly configuration. We assess the impact of the observations to satellites with different orbital parameters on the determination of global geodetic parameters. We show that placing a satellite in a retrograde orbit (against the Earth's rotation), can improve the quality of the global geodetic parameters. The solution based on LAGEOS‐1/‐2 + LARES‐1/‐2 + a satellite supplementary to LAGEOS‐2 in a retrograde orbit achieves the 3D mean error at the level of 1.62 mm for the station coordinates, and mean errors of 0.7, 0.7, and 1.3 mm for theX,Y, andZgeocenter components, respectively, bringing us closer to fulfilling the requirements established by the Global Geodetic Observations System (GGOS) of 1 mm accuracy for the reference frame stability.
Ethical considerations for genetic research in low-income countries: perceptions of informed consent, data sharing, and expectations in Nicaragua
Authors: Delgado Iris S. , Outterson Abigail , Ramesh Vaishnavi , Amador Sanchez Alda Gabriela , Boza Alfonso César , Lopez-Pilarte Damaris , Amador Velázquez Juan José , Friedman David J. , Brooks Daniel R. , Scammell Madeleine K. , Wang Catharine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGenetic research presents numerous ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI), particularly when the research involves collaborations between investigators in high and low-income countries. Some ELSI issues are universal, and others are specific to context and culture. This study investigates perceptions of genetic research in Nicaragua, Central America, where local and U.S. based researchers have collaborated for over a decade. A total of 43 residents from northwestern Nicaragua, a region with high mortality rates attributed to chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes (CKDnt), were interviewed, including research participants in ongoing studies (n = 36), health professionals (n = 3), labor leaders (n = 2), and family members of research participants (n = 2). Questions focused on informed consent, data-sharing, and post-study expectations. Audio recordings of interviews conducted in Spanish were transcribed and translated into English. English transcripts were coded and analyzed using NVivo 12 software. The lack of familiarity with terms in the consent form presented a barrier to participant comprehension of key elements of the genetic research study, raising concerns about the validity of informed consent. Research participants often viewed their participation as access to health care. Health professionals emphasized the importance of long-term partnerships between foreign-based researchers and local health institutions. Leaders and family members recommended that they be informed of research studies and allowed the opportunity to consent, as they felt the benefits and risks of research also apply to them. Our findings identified genetic research practices to be improved upon in order to be more responsive to the contextual realities of collaborators living in low-resource settings.
Anchovy boom and bust linked to trophic shifts in larval diet
Authors: Swalethorp Rasmus , Landry Michael R. , Semmens Brice X. , Ohman Mark D. , Aluwihare Lihini , Chargualaf Dereka , Thompson Andrew R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough massive biomass fluctuations of coastal-pelagic fishes are an iconic example of the impacts of climate variability on marine ecosystems, the mechanisms governing these dynamics are often elusive. We construct a 45-year record of nitrogen stable isotopes measured in larvae of Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the California Current Ecosystem to assess patterns in food chain length. Larval trophic efficiency associated with a shortened food chain increased larval survival and produced boom periods of high adult biomass. In contrast, when larval food chain length increased, and energy transfer efficiency decreased, the population crashed. We propose the Trophic Efficiency in Early Life (TEEL) hypothesis, which states that larval fishes must consume prey that confer sufficient energy for survival, to help explain natural boom-bust dynamics of coastal pelagic fishes. Our findings illustrate a potential for trophic indicators to generally inform larval survival and adult population dynamics of coastal-pelagic fishes.
Machine learning-based motion tracking reveals an inverse correlation between adhesivity and surface motility of the leptospirosis spirochete
Authors: Abe Keigo , Koizumi Nobuo , Nakamura Shuichi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBacterial motility is often a crucial virulence factor for pathogenic species. A common approach to study bacterial motility is fluorescent labeling, which allows detection of individual bacterial cells in a population or in host tissues. However, the use of fluorescent labeling can be hampered by protein expression stability and/or interference with bacterial physiology. Here, we apply machine learning to microscopic image analysis for label-free motion tracking of the zoonotic bacteriumLeptospira interroganson cultured animal cells. We use various leptospiral strains isolated from a human patient or animals, as well as mutant strains. Strains associated with severe disease, and mutant strains lacking outer membrane proteins (OMPs), tend to display fast mobility and reduced adherence on cultured kidney cells. Our method does not require fluorescent labeling or genetic manipulation, and thus could be applied to study motility of many other bacterial species.