bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational study of polymorphism of tetralin derivative for treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Taddei Paola , Torreggiani Armida , Fini Giancarlo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVibrational spectroscopy coupled with thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to characterize racemic propanoic acid, 2‐methyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐6‐(methylamino)‐1,2‐naphthalenediyl ester hydrochloride (CHF‐1035), which is a new DA2 dopaminergic receptor/α2 agonist and β blocker under clinical investigation for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Raman spectroscopy disclosed at least two different CHF‐1035 polymorphs; the marker bands characteristic of each form were identified. The modifications undergone by the CHF‐1035 drug as a consequence of grinding and heating were investigated. Mechanical and gentle thermal treatments caused a polymorphic transformation of the drug crystal form. Raman spectroscopy proved suitable for investigating the possible presence of different polymorphic forms, their relative stability, and interconversion tendency in relation to industrial manufacturing processes undergone by the drug (i.e., grinding, compression, and heating). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 289–293, 2002
Towards the development of a minimal cell model by generalization of a model of Escherichia coli: Use of dimensionless rate parameters
Authors: Browning Samuel T. , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA model of a minimal cell would be a valuable tool in identifying the organizing principles that relate the static sequence information of the genome to the dynamic functioning of the living cell. Our approach for developing a minimal cell model is to first generalize an existing model of Escherichia coli by expressing reaction rates as ratios to a set of reference parameters. This generalized model is a prototype minimal cell model that will be developed by adding detail to explicitly include each chemical species. We tested the concept of a generalized model by testing the effect of scaling all enzyme‐catalyzed reactions in the E. coli model. The scaling has little effect on cellular function for a wide range of kinetic ratios, where the kinetic ratio is defined as the rate of all enzyme‐catalyzed reactions in a given model relative to those in the E. coli model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 187–192, 2001.
Haloalkane hydrolysis with an immobilized haloalkane dehalogenase
Authors: Dravis B. C. , Swanson P. E. , Russell A. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHaloalkane dehalogenase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous was covalently immobilized onto a polyethyleneimine impregnated γ‐alumina support. The dehalogenating enzyme was found to retain greater than 40% of its original activity after immobilization, displaying an optimal loading (max. activity/supported protein) of 70 to 75 mg/g with an apparent maximum (max. protein/support) of 156 mg/g. The substrate, 1,2,3‐trichloropropane, was found to favorably partition (adsorb) onto the inorganic alumina carrier (10 to 20 mg/g), thereby increasing the local reactant concentration with respect to the catalyst's environment, whereas the product, 2,3‐dichloropropan‐1‐ol, demonstrated no affinity. Additionally, the inorganic alumina support exhibited no adverse effects because of solvent/component incompatibilities or deterioration due to pH variance (pH 7.0 to 10.5). As a result of the large surface area to volume ratio of the support matrix and the accessibility of the bound protein, the immobilized biocatalyst was not subject to internal mass transfer limitations. External diffusional restrictions could be eliminated with simple agitation (mixing speed: 50 rpm; flux: 4.22 cm/min). The pH‐dependence of the immobilized dehalogenase was essentially the same as that for the native enzyme. Finally, both the thermostability and resistance toward inactivation by organic solvent were improved by more than an order of magnitude after immobilization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 416–423, 2001.
Hybrid model building methodology using unsupervised fuzzy clustering and supervised neural networks
Authors: Ronen M. , Shabtai Y. , Guterman H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper suggests a model building methodology for dealing with new processes. The methodology, called Hybrid Fuzzy Neural Networks (HFNN), combines unsupervised fuzzy clustering and supervised neural networks in order to create simple and flexible models. Fuzzy clustering was used to define relevant domains on the input space. Then, sets of multilayer perceptrons (MLP) were trained (one for each domain) to map input–output relations, creating, in the process, a set of specified sub‐models. The estimated output of the model was obtained by fusing the different sub‐model outputs weighted by their predicted possibilities. On‐line reinforcement learning enabled improvement of the model. The determination of the optimal number of clusters is fundamental to the success of the HFNN approach. The effectiveness of several validity measures was compared to the generalization capability of the model and information criteria. The validity measures were tested with fermentation simulations and real fermentations of a yeast‐like fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans. The results outline the criteria limitations. The learning capability of the HFNN was tested with the fermentation data. The results underline the advantages of HFNN over a single neural network. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 420–429, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10132
Monitoring on‐line desalted lignocellulosic hydrolysates by microdialysis sampling micro‐high performance anion exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed electrochemical detection/mass spectrometry
Authors: Rumbold Karl , Okatch Harriet , Torto Nelson , Siika‐Aho Matti , Gübitz Georg , Robra Karl‐Heinz , Prior Bernard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn on‐line system based on microdialysis sampling (MD), micro‐high performance anion exchange chromatography (micro‐HPAEC), integrated pulsed electrochemical detection (IPED), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) for the monitoring of on‐line desalted enzymatic hydrolysates is presented. Continuous monitoring of the enzymatic degradation of dissolving pulp from Eucalyptus grandis as well as degradation of sugar cane bagasse in a 5‐mL reaction vessel was achieved up to 24 h without any additional sample handling steps. Combining MD with micro‐HPAEC‐IPED/MS and on‐line desalting of hydrolysates enabled injection (5 μL) of at least 23 samples in a study of the sequential action of hydrolytic enzymes in an unmodified environment where the enzymes and substrate were not depleted due to the perm‐selectivity of the MD membrane (30 kDa cut‐off). Xylanase, phenolic acid esterase and a combination of endoglucanase (EG II) with cellobiohydrolase (CBH I) resulted in the production of DP 1 after the addition of esterase, DP 2 and DP 3 after the addition of EG II and CBH I, from the dissolving pulp substrate. Similar sequential enzyme addition to sugar cane bagasse resulted in DP 1 production after the addition of esterase and DP 1, DP 2 and DP 3 production after the addition of the EG II and CBH I mixture. Combining MS on‐line with micro‐HPAEC‐IPED proved to be a versatile and necessary tool for such a study compared to conventional methods. The mass selectivity of MS revealed complementary information, including the co‐elution of saccharides as well as the presence of more than one type of DP 2 in the case of dissolving pulp and several types of DP 2 and DP 3 for sugar cane bagasse. This study demonstrates the limitation of the use of retention time alone for confirmation of the identity of saccharides especially when dealing with complex enzymatic hydrolysates. In situ sampling and sample clean‐up combined with on‐line desalting of the chromatographic effluent, provides a generic approach to achieve real time monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysates when they are detected by a combination of IPED and MS. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 822–828, 2002.
Construction and characterization of thermo‐inducible vectors derived from heat‐sensitive lacI genes in combination with the T7 A1 promoter
Authors: Chao Yun‐Peng , Chern Jong‐Tzer , Wen Chin‐Sheng , Fu Hongyong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe lack of stringency and the cost of induction are two major disadvantages of using lac‐derived vectors for recombinant protein productions. To compensate for these drawbacks, a series of thermo‐inducible vectors was developed by coupling heat‐sensitive lacI (lacIts) with the T7 A1 promoter on a multiple‐copy‐number plasmid. The lacIts genes were created by the introduction of Gly187→Ser substitution along with three alternative mutation sites, Leu233→Lys, Ala241→Thr, and Gly265→Asp, generated by site‐directed mutagenesis into the wild‐type lacI gene. With the LacZ production as a model, the induction profiles for various vectors containing distinct lacIts exhibited a positive trend as the temperature increased. The fully induced level was achieved by applying the temperature shift from 30°C to 42, 40, or 37°C to the cells harboring the plasmid with the Gly187→Ser, Ala241→Thr, or Gly265→Asp substitution in lacI, respectively. As a result, it produced the maximal LacZ production ranging between 46,000 and 54,000 Miller units, corresponding to a 100‐ to 400‐fold amplification over the uninduced level. As a whole, these novel expression vectors are characterized as having tight regulation and facile inducibility, and their practical usefulness in industrial production of recombinant proteins appears promising. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 1–8, 2002.
Gas phase biotransformation reaction catalyzed by baker's yeast
Authors: Maugard Thierry , Lamare Sylvain , Legoy Marie Dominique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe gas phase continuous production of acetaldehyde from ethanol and hexanol from hexanal using dried baker's yeast was studied as an alternative approach to conventional processes. The effects of water activity, activity of substrates, and amount of yeast on the performance of the continuous bioreactor were investigated. The extent of yeast hydration and ethanol activity are the most important factors affecting yeast activity and stability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 164–168, 2001.
Flow cytometry: An improved method for the selection of highly productive gene‐amplified CHO cells using flow cytometry
Authors: Yoshikawa Tomohiro , Nakanishi Fumi , Ogura Yuki , Oi Daisuke , Omasa Takeshi , Katakura Yoshio , Kishimoto Michimasa , Suga Ken‐Ichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn previous work, we clarified the relationship between the productivity and stability of gene‐amplified cells and the location of the amplified gene. The location of the amplified gene enabled us to classify resistant cells into two types. One type of resistant cell group, in which the amplified genes were observed near the telomeric region, was named the “telomere type.” The other type of cell group, in which the amplified genes were observed in other chromosomal regions, was named the “other type.” The phenotypes of these two types of cells are very different. In this experiment, using a fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled methotrexate (F‐MTX) reagent with flow cytometry, we were easily able to distinguish between highly productive cells and the other types of cells. The level of fluorescence differed according to the difference in resistance to MTX. Based on this new finding, highly productive gene‐amplified cells could be isolated from heterogeneous gene‐amplified cell pools more easily than by the method of limiting‐dilution assay. The limiting‐dilution method requires several months to obtain highly productive gene‐amplified cells, while our flow‐cytometry‐based method of selection requires only a few weeks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 435–442, 2001.
Use of the chemiluminescent probe lucigenin to monitor the production of the superoxide anion radical in a recombinant Aspergillus niger (B1‐D)
Authors: Bai Zhonghu , Harvey Linda M. , McNeil Brian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDirect detection of intracellular superoxide anion radical (O2·−) production is of critical importance for investigating the responses of filamentous fungi to oxidative stress in bioprocesses. The purpose of this study is to establish a reliable method to monitor the O2·− production within pellets of Aspergillus niger. Addition of pure oxygen and the redox cycling agent paraquat to fungal pellet suspensions resulted in a considerable increase in lucigenin‐derived chemiluminescence (LDCL). In the presence of exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD), the LDCL of a disrupted cell solution was inhibited. In contrast, with addition of diethyldithiocarbamate and sodium azide, respectively, the inhibitors of Cu, Zn‐SOD and Mn‐SOD, an increased LDCL was observed. Further, as a probe, lucigenin can be absorbed and accumulated in fungal pellet within a few minutes. Various pretreatments of the bioreactor sample for the measurement of LDCL, were also investigated in the present study, and the use of intact pellets was adopted here rather than disrupting cells because the latter treatment led to difficulties in LDCL measurement. These results show that lucigenin may be used as a convenient chemiluminescent probe to monitor intracellular production of O2·− in filamentous fungi, and thus to follow changes in the level of this stressor within fungi © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 204–211, 2001.
Stereoselective determination of p‐hydroxyphenyl‐phenylhydantoin enantiomers in rat liver microsomal incubates by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography using β‐cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additives
Authors: Yao T. W. , Zeng S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn analytical method was developed for determination of p‐hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin enantiomers in rat liver microsome by using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. A 50 mm C8 column was used as the analytical column. The mobile phase was made up of 8.8 mmol/L β‐cyclodextrin, 0.25 mol/L urea and 0.05 mol/L ammonium acetate in water. The assay was linear from 2.05 to 410.0 µmol/L for each enantiomer. The limits of detection and of quantitation for the method were 0.90 and 2.05 µmol/L for each enantiomer, respectively. The analytical method afforded average recoveries of 93.59 ± 2.75%and 94.72 ± 1.78% for S‐ and R‐p‐hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin, respectively. The method allowed study of the in vitro glucuronidation of p‐hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin in rat liver microsomal incubates. The stereoselectivity of p‐hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin phase II metabolism was observed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating whole life value proxemics in construction projects
Authors: Holt Robin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhole life value is introduced as a concept for evaluating construction projects, which extends beyond the more typical use of optimized (equilibrium) utility preferences. By linking value and sustainability the concept allows for the consideration of ‘price‐less’ evaluations within the construction project process. As an industry exposed perhaps more than any other to issues of public space and environmental impact, construction is being driven towards the use of complex, multi‐issue consultations with stakeholders within which whole life value can operate as a contextual limit. By investigating traditional cost–benefit analysis routes, and then what are called ‘aspects of sustainability’, an argument is advanced for these consultations to be ongoing rather than one‐off events. As such, they are to concern themselves with the framework of relationships (proxemics) by which distinct evaluations might be articulated and understood through the project process, rather than just how one arrives at a consensus of opinion. It is argued that the concept of value can only be applied fully to any project if consideration has been given to the ambience and context of stakeholder relations and attitudes as opposed to just the prevailing opinions. The virtue of such stakeholder involvement lies not in its ‘rubber stamping’ a separate process of activity, but in ensuring value is realized across asset life through a focus on attaining and sustaining conditions for the reflective articulation of need. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Managing Globalization for Sustainability in the 21st Century
Authors: Halme Minna , Park Jacob , Chiu Anthony 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis essay provides an overview of the Ninth International Conference of the Greening of Industry Network held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 21–25 January 2001. For the first time in its ten‐year history, the Greening of Industry Network (GIN) gathered outside Western Europe and North America, with the theme Sustainability at the Millennium: Globalization, Competitiveness and the Public Trust. To highlight this important event, this special issue of Business Strategy and the Environment will place special emphasis on the Asian region, particularly on the issues confronting the economically less advanced countries.The overarching theme of the conference as well as many of the papers and discussion at the conference was globalization and sustainable development, and the relationship between these two issues. There was a rich if not a divergent perspective on what the relationship implies for the different Asian economies as well as for economically less advanced countries in general.After examining the relationship between sustainable development and globalization in the Asian context, this essay will discuss two themes with important implications for sustainable commerce: stakeholders and civil society and industrial competitiveness and transformation. The essay will conclude with some thoughts on the path that globalization has taken since the terrorist attack in the US on 11 September 2001 and on the 10 year anniversary of the Greening of Industry Network. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Ecological tax reform—a value chain level approach
Authors: Linnanen Lassi , Luoma Päivi , Pesonen Hanna‐Leena 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study assesses the effects of an ecological tax reform on three value chains. These case studies lead to an analysis of the business strategy options when companies face a shift in the relative prices of their production factors. The results support earlier research findings that the direct effects of an ecological tax reform on the price competitiveness of companies is on average rather small. However, the effects of the reform are shown to vary significantly between the different parts of the value chain. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Intradural anastomoses between the accessory nerve and the posterior roots of cervical nerves: Their clinical significance
Authors: Oh Chang‐Seok , Chung In‐Hyuk , Koh Ki‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin , Kim Sung‐Shik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study was performed to identify the anastomoses between the accessory nerve and the posterior roots of cervical nerves below the level of C1 segment, and to evaluate their clinical significance. One hundred spinal cord sides of Koreans were studied under the surgical microscope. In order to trace the posterior root of a cervical nerve after anastomosis with the accessory nerve, or the bridging fibers between the accessory nerve and the cervical posterior roots, the accessory nerves with the posterior roots and the bridging fibers were stained with osmium tetroxide. The anastomosis was classified into five types, according to whether the accessory nerve and the cervical posterior root crossed each other, and also according to the site of the bridging fiber between them. The bridging fibers in the most common type of anastomoses were observed to connect the posterior roots of a cervical nerve with the spinal rootlet of the accessory nerve. The possibility that the motor fibers of accessory nerve from the spinal cord may innervate the trapezius muscle through the cervical nerve, was discussed. Clin. Anat. 6:424–427, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EM wave simulation: An animated electromagnetic wave teaching package
Authors: Leung Wing‐Kai , Chen Yinchao , Lee Yim‐Shu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes EM Wave Simulation, a windows‐based animated electromagnetic wave simulation package, developed as a supplementary tool for teaching electromagnetic field theory at the undergraduate level. For the purpose of rapid display of electromagnetic wave images, the implemented algorithm assumes a structure sandwiched between two perfect electric conductor planes and employs a 2½‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method on a staggered grid, which is suitable for simulating simplified electromagnetic wave propagation in indoor environments. Frequency‐domain spectral information can be extracted with the built‐in one‐ and two‐dimensional discrete Fourier transforms facilities. A user‐friendly mouse‐and‐menu‐driven interface allows user to set up simulations containing complex geometries in a straightforward fashion. Simulated results, in both time and frequency domains, can be displayed in real‐time on the computer screen, which makes the application ideal for use in interactive undergraduate teaching. Some sample simulations are discussed in the paper to illustrate its principal functionality. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 208–219, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10001
Live modeling of 1D wave propagation in layered soil media
Authors: Arduino P. , Miller G. R. , Ogunrinde A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the structure and use of Dr. Layer, a computer program designed to provide students a simulation/visualization environment for studying linear and nonlinear wave propagation behavior in layered soil media. To support student‐based exploration, Dr. Layer uses “live” modeling, i.e., modeling in which computation, interaction, and visualization occur simultaneously. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 248–258, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10003
Teaching highway safety analysis through networking and visualization
Authors: Yi Ping , Lam Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper introduces an effective and efficient approach to teaching highway safety analysis. Using an internet‐based client server framework, this system accesses the central database in the public safety department to extract data. Through query operations, students can view any accident statistics to search for roadway design deficiencies or traffic control problems. The system automatically generates the collision diagram, which substantially reduces the time and simplifies the complexities associated with manual handling of accident data. Implementation experience has shown that the system is effective, reliable, and easy to use. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 171–179, 2001
Fragile: handle with care. Protecting babies from harm
Authors: Harran Evender 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBabies can often place demands on their carers which at times can feel unbearable. Parenting is the most difficult task that most people undertake, and yet it is also the one for which most receive little to no training. Parents under stress may be reluctant to ask for help, often adopting the belief that they should instinctively know what to do. Some professionals may also share this view, which may mean that they are less able to identify and support families who are struggling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.