bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation of red cell properties after virucidal phototreatment with dimethylmethylene blue
Authors: Wagner S.J. , Skripchenko A. , Robinette D. , Mallory D.A. , Cincotta L. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: All published reports have described methods for virus photoinactivation which significantly alter red cell (RBC) properties during storage. In order to improve virucidal activity and reduce damage to RBCs, a series of phenothiazine derivatives were either synthesized or purified and screened for bacteriophage inactivation and red cell potassium efflux. One compound, 1,9‐dimethylmethylene blue (dimethyl‐methylene blue), had superior screening results and was chosen for further characterization.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:White cell reduced RBC suspensions (30% hematocrit) were deliberately inoculated with extracellular virus or virus‐infected VERO cells, incubated with 4 microM dimethyl‐methylene blue and illuminated with cool‐white fluorescent light. Control and treated samples were titered for virus inactivation. In parallel studies, RBC suspensions were exposed to dimethylmethylene blue and light under identical conditions and assayed for in vitro RBC storage properties.RESULTS:Phototreatment of RBC suspensions inactivated > 4.4 log10 of extracellular vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), > 3.0 log10 of intracellular VSV, > 5.0 log10 of extracellular pseudorabies virus (PRV), > 4.8 log10 of intracellular PRV, > 4.7 log10 of extra‐cellular bovine virus diarrhea virus, 5.8 log10 of bacterio‐phage phi 6 and > 7 log10 of bacteriophage R17. Encephalo‐myocarditis virus, a nonenveloped picornavirus, was resistant to photoinactivation. Virucidal conditions resulted in no detectable IgG binding in 11 of 13 samples, unchanged RBC morphology, normal banding patterns of RBC membrane proteins on SDS PAGE, and unaltered characteristics of 12 of 13 RBC antigens during storage as measured by antibody titrations. In addition, minimal changes were observed in RBC osmotic fragility, lysis, potassium efflux, ATP and 2,3‐DPG levels, and the strength of one RBC antigen during storage of phototreated samples compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Dimethylmethylene blue photo‐treatment can inactivate several intracellular and extracellular model viruses under conditions which minimally alter RBC properties during 42 days storage at 1–6 degrees C.
The use of plasma as a replacement fluid in plasma exchange. Canadian Apheresis Group
Authors: Leblond P. F. , Rock G. , Herbert C. A. ,   Members of the Canadian Apheresis Group
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The Canadian Apheresis Group has maintained a national registry of apheresis activities for the past 16 years. Since 1991, the use of plasma as a replacement fluid in plasma exchange has been recorded.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Six years of data from the registry on the use of plasma as a replacement fluid were analyzed.RESULTS: Plasma was used in more than 25 percent of all plasma exchange procedures. Of 41,519 plasma exchange procedures reported, 11,970 used plasma alone or in combination with albumin. In 1991, 1026 (78%) of these procedures used plasma appropriately for either thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or adult hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); between 1992 and 1996, these numbers were 1043 (81%), 1570 (86%), 1171 (87%), 2192 (92%), and 2741 (90%), respectively. In the remaining procedures, frozen or cryosupernatant plasma was administered to 326 patients for a total of 40 diseases other than TTP or HUS.CONCLUSIONS: In those diseases for which plasma was administered as the sole replacement fluid, no disease appears to justify such treatment without the existence of an associated condition requiring specific replenishment of some plasma component. Further evaluation of the specific indications for the use of plasma as a replacement fluid in plasma exchange is required for diseases other than TTP or HUS.
Crossover use of donated blood for autologous transfusion: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association
Authors: Blum L. N. , Allen J. R. , Genel M. , Howe J. P. ,   Council on Scientific Affairs American Medical Association
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists concerning whether the costs and potential risks outweigh the potential benefits of “crossover” use in the general blood supply of unutilized blood that was donated for autologous transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Published articles and reports were identified through systematic search of MEDLINE and review of references cited in previously identified articles, textbooks, and reports. Consultation was made with experts in blood donation and transfusion. Additional peer review was received from the American Medical Association (AMA) Council on Scientific AffairsRESULTS: Concern over infectious disease transmission has led to increased interest in and support for autologous transfusion for individuals having planned surgeries. Different requirements exist for collection, labeling, and screening of blood to be used for autologous versus allogeneic transfusions; therefore, procedures for diverting autologous blood donations to the general blood supply involve considerable expense. Several cost‐effectiveness studies of autologous blood donation and transfusion conclude that currently this “crossover” appears to be an expensive procedure yielding little increased benefit from a societal perspective.CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations in this report were adopted as AMA Policy at the AMA Annual Meeting in June 1997. The AMA does not encourage blood collection programs to “cross over” units donated for autologous use to the allogeneic blood supply. Practice guidelines are needed, and should be utilized to ensure parsimony in the use of autologous blood donations and transfusions.
Blood irradiation for intraoperative autotransfusion in cancer surgery: demonstration of efficient elimination of contaminating tumor cells
Authors: Hansen E. , Knuechel R. , Altmeppen J. , Taeger K. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative blood salvage is contraindicated in cancer surgery because of contaminating tumor cells and the risk of systemic dissemination. On the basis of the radiosensitivity of cancer cells, irradiation of salvaged blood with 50 Gy is proposed as a way to allow return of salvaged blood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Elimination of tumor cells by blood irradiation was studied in vitro with cells from 10 cell lines and from 14 tumor preparations after their addition to red cells in high numbers, or with blood shed during cancer surgery. Before and after gamma radiation, tumor cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and tested for their proliferative capacity in a cell colony assay. DNA metabolism was analyzed by incorporation of 5′ bromodesoxyuridine.RESULTS: Survival curves of cells from various tumors confirmed D0 (the dose required to reduce the fraction of surviving cells to 37 percent of the original value) values in the range of 1.2 to 2.2 Gy. After irradiation of tumor cell‐contaminated blood with 50 Gy, no cell colony formation was observed, which indicates a reduction rate exceeding 10 log. Irradiated cancer cells showed viability, but no residual DNA metabolism.CONCLUSION: The level of inactivation by a 50‐Gy dose far exceeds that needed to inactivate the number of proliferating tumor cells observed or expected in wound blood. These results provide the experimental basis for the clinical application of blood irradiation for intraoperative blood salvage in cancer surgery.
Cost of umbilical cord blood units released for transplantation
Authors: Sirchia G. , Rebulla P. , Tibaldi S. , Lecchi L. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A large number of institutions have started programs banking umbilical cord blood (UCB) for allogeneic unrelated‐donor and related‐donor transplantation. However, limited information is available on the financial issues surrounding these activities.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to determine the fee per UCB unit released for transplantation that would allow cost recovery after 10 years. Three organizational models were considered suitable to provide units for five UCB transplants per 1 million population per year, a figure that would translate into an annual need for 280 units in Italy. Models A, B, and C included, respectively, seven networked banks, each with an inventory of 1,500 units; two networked banks, each with an inventory of 5,000 units; and one bank with an inventory of 10,000 units. It was estimated that it would take 3 years to develop the cryopreserved inventory and that approximately 3 percent of the inventory could be released and replaced each year during the 7‐year interval between the fourth and tenth years of activity. The data on the costs of labor, reagents and diagnostics, disposables, depreciation and maintenance, laboratory tests, and overhead, as well as the operational data used in the analysis were collected at the Milano Cord Blood Bank in 1996.RESULTS: Fees of US $15,061, $12,666, and $11,602 per unit released during the fourth through the tenth years of activity allow full cost recovery (principle and interest) under Models A, B, and C, respectively.CONCLUSION: Although UCB procurement costs compare favorably with those of other hematopoietic cell sources, these results and the current fee of US $15,300 used in some institutions show that UCB is an expensive resource. Therefore, judicious planning of banking programs with high quality standards is necessary to prevent economic losses. The advantages of lower fees associated with the centralized banking approach of Model C should be balanced with the more flexible collection offered by Model A.
Toward standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration: an international study
Authors: Dzik W. , Sniecinski I. , Fischer J. ,   the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Working Party
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: An international multicenter study, involving six sites in North America and six sites in Europe, was undertaken to assess the performance of standardized methods for the enumeration of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood over the dynamic range from 200 cells per μL to zero. Two commercially available techniques were studied, a flow cytometry method and a microvolume fluorimetry method.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Coded samples were centrally prepared and sent to test sites by overnight mail. Samples included internal replicates, linear dilutions, and specimens at the lower limit of detection. In addition, commercially available reagent positive control cells were sent to a subset of laboratories.RESULTS: Over the sample range studied, the intersite precision among different laboratories was good with coefficients of variation ranging from 14 percent to 24 percent for microvolume fluorimetry and from 20 percent to 31 percent for flow cytometry. Intrasite precision ranged from 7 percent to 21 percent. Test linearity was excellent with sites demonstrating a mean r2 = 0.992 for microvolume fluorimetry and r2 = 0.984 for flow cytometry. The lower limit of detection was 5 CD34+ cells per μL for both commercial assays. Over the range of 5 to 50 CD34+ cells per μL, the microvolume fluorimetry assay reported slightly higher values than the flow cytometry assay. Preliminary analysis of reagent positive control cells showed very good precision and accuracy.CONCLUSIONS: Standardization of CD34+ cells enumeration is improving and commercially available assays provide accurate and precise methods. More investigation of reagent positive control cells is warranted.
Expression of Rh30 and Rh‐related glycoproteins during erythroid differentiation in a two‐phase liquid culture system
Authors: Suyama K. , Li H. , Zhu A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: To gain insight into the formation of the Rh complex during erythroid differentiation, the ways in which Rh30 and Rh‐related glycoproteins, especially Rh50, were produced in a modified two‐phase liquid culture system were studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A mononuclear cell fraction from fresh peripheral blood was first cultured in a medium supplemented with conditioned medium collected from the culture of a bladder carcinoma cell line (5637) for 7 days. Nonadherent cells were then collected for culture in a secondary medium containing 2 U per mL of erythropoietin to initiate erythroid differentiation. The expression of Rh30 and Rh50 during secondary culture (16 days) was monitored by flow cytometry.RESULTS: D+ cells appeared after Day 4 and increased to 70 percent by Day 8. On Day 12, 90 percent of the total cells became D+ and remained so until the end of the culture. A similar expression profile was obtained for Rh50. As determined from mean fluorescence intensities recorded in flow cytometry, the number of both D and Rh50 antigenic sites per cell increased as the differentiation progressed. Rh‐related glycoprotein, CD47, had expression patterns significantly different from those of Rh30 and Rh50. In addition, the cultured cells produced partially glycosylated protein (approx. 32 kDa) in Rh50.CONCLUSION: Expressions of Rh30 and Rh50 occur simultaneously during erythroid differentiation, and both proteins are most actively synthesized at the last stage of the differentiation. In contrast, CD47 may be involved in expression of Rh30 in a different manner from Rh50. The two‐phase liquid culture system will be an excellent model for studying the interaction among the components of the Rh complex during protein synthesis and complex assembly on the cell membrane.
High rate of GB virus type C/HGV transmission from mother to infant: possible implications for the prevalence of infection in blood donors
Authors: Lefrère J.‐J. , Sender A. , Mercier B. , Mariotti M. , Pernot F. , Soulié J.‐C. , Malvoisin A. , Berry M. , Gabai A. , Lattes F. , Galiay J.‐C. , Pawlak C. , De Lachaux V. , Chauveau V. , Hreiche G. , Larsen M. , Férec C. , Parnet‐Mathieu F. , Roudot‐Thoraval F. , Brossard Y. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Because GB virus type C(GBV‐C)/HGV (GBV‐C/HGV) is blood‐borne and sexually transmitted, persons at risk of infection with such viruses have a high prevalence of GBV‐C/HGV markers. However, adults with no apparent risk factors, such as blood donors, frequently are positive for GBV‐C/HGV markers. Mother‐to‐infant transmission could explain this high prevalence, but it has been studied only through small series of GBV‐C/HGV‐infected mothers co‐infected with HCV or HIV.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To determine the rate of mother‐to‐infant transmission of GBV‐C/HGV RNA in women who are HCV‐ or HIV‐negative, a prospective study was performed in a cohort of 288 mothers screened for viral RNA and in the infants born to GBV‐C/HGV‐infected mothers.RESULTS: Thirteen mothers (4.5%) were found positive for GBV‐C/HGV RNA. Of the infants in whom at least one blood sample was collected between the third and the ninth months of life, 89 percent were positive for viral RNA. The majority of these newborns were negative for GBV‐C/HGV RNA at birth and positive after the third month. The viral RNA titers of infants born to GBV‐C/HGV‐infected mothers appeared as elevated as those of their mothers. All the GBV‐C/HGV‐infected infants remained positive for viral RNA during the entire study period. No clinical events possibly linked to a primary GBV‐C/HGV infection were reported in infants. Serum ALT level and blood count remained within normal values throughout the follow‐up of all GBV‐C/HGV‐infected infants.CONCLUSION: The frequency of mother‐to‐infant GBV‐C/HGV transmission is elevated and could explain the high prevalence of GBV‐C/HGV markers (viral RNA and E2 antibody) in adults at low risk for blood‐borne or sexually transmitted viruses, such as blood donors.
HCV RNA in blood donors with isolated reactivities by third‐generation RIBA
Authors: Lemaire J.M. , Courouce A.M. , Defer C. , Bouchardeau F. , Coste J. , Agulles O. , Cantaloube J.F. , Barlet V. , Barin F. ,   for the Viral Hepatitis Study Group of the French Society of Blood Transfusion
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The objective of this collaborative study was to learn the proportion of HCV RNA‐positive samples obtained from a population of donors with isolated anti‐HCV reactivities by third‐generation RIBA (RIBA‐3) (indeterminate results).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: During a 2‐year period, 11 blood transfusion centers kept all samples with indeterminate RIBA‐3 results to test them by PCR, using both local and commercial techniques.RESULTS: Of the 758 RIBA‐3 indeterminate samples, 10 (1.3%) were positive for HCV RNA: 3.3 percent (6/180) and 1.3 percent (4/317) of samples with anti‐core or anti‐NS3 reactivity, respectively, and none of the 52 and 209 samples with anti‐NS4 or anti‐NS5 reactivity, respectively. HCV RNA‐positive donors with anti‐core reactivity were infected with different subtypes (1 with HCV subtype 1b, 1 with 2, 1 with 2a/2c, 2 with 3a, and 1 with 5a), and a follow‐up indicated a chronic‐carrier state in two of the six donors. Acute hepatitis was diagnosed in three of the four donors with anti‐NS3 reactivity alone. Two of these three were IV drug users and were infected with subtype 1a.CONCLUSION: HCV RNA‐positive donors with indeterminate results in RIBA‐3 are extremely rare, but they do exist. They were observed only when either anti‐core or anti‐NS3 was present. With such a RIBA‐3 profile, PCR testing remains necessary to reveal an eventual acute or chronic HCV infection.
Clinical illness due to parvovirus B19 infection after infusion of solvent/detergent‐treated pooled plasma
Authors: Koenigbauer Ulrike F. , Eastlund Ted , Day John W. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Lipid‐enveloped viruses such as HIV, HBV, and HCV can be inactivated by treatment with solvents and detergents. HAV and human parvovirus B19 lack lipid envelopes and are not inactivated. Solvent/detergent‐treated pooled plasma (S/D plasma) contains neutralizing antibodies, but it is not known whether the parvovirus B19 antibody content is sufficient to prevent transmission of the disease. A patient is described who developed a clinical illness due to parvovirus B19 infection after the infusion of S/D plasma.CASE REPORT: A 36‐year‐old woman with myasthenia gravis underwent five plasma exchange procedures from January 15 to January 25, 1999, using albumin, except for 5 units of SD plasma given because of a low fibrinogen level. Four of the 5 units were implicated in a recall after high levels of parvovirus B19 DNA were found in several lots. Two weeks after the infusion, the patient developed fatigue, a rash, and severe polyarthralgias. Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM antibody titers were consistent with an apos infection.CONCLUSION: Clinically apparent parvovirus B19 infection can follow the use of S/D plasma that contains high levels of parvovirus B19 DNA.
A cell‐kinetic model of CD34+ cell mobilization and harvest: development of a predictive algorithm for CD34+ cell yield in PBPC collections
Authors: Humpe Andreas , Riggert Joachim , Meineke Ingolf , Kurz Martin , Eil Anita , Storkebaum Beate , Binder Claudia , Munzel Ulrich , Funke Ingrid , Höcker Paul , Wiesneth Markus , Köhler Michael 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Mobilization and homing of PBPCs are still poorly understood. Thus, a sufficient algorithm for the prediction of PBPC yield in apheresis procedures does not yet exist.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The decline of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood during apheresis and their simultaneous increase in the collection bag were determined in a prospective study of 18 consecutive apheresis procedures. A cell‐kinetic, four‐compartment model describing these changes was developed. Retrospective data from 136 apheresis procedures served to further improve this model. A predictive algorithm for the yield was developed that considered the sex, weight, and height of the patient, the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood before apheresis, the inlet flow, and the duration of the apheresis. The accuracy of this algorithm was evaluated by comparison of the predicted and the observed yields of CD34+ cells in 105 prospective autologous and 148 retrospective allogeneic apheresis procedures.RESULTS: The correlation between predicted and observed yields was good for the autologous and allogeneic groups with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.8979 and 0.8311 (p<0.0001), respectively. The regression is described by the equations log (measured value [m]) = 1.0118 + 0.8595 × log (predicted value [p]) for the autologous and log (m) = 2.226 + 0.7559 × log (p) for the allogeneic group. The respective equations for the zero‐point regression are log (m) = 1.014 × log (p) and log (m) = 1.026 × log (p). The probability that the measured value was 90 percent or more of the predicted value was 83.8 percent for the autologous and 90.5 percent for the allogeneic apheresis procedures.CONCLUSION: The predictive accuracy of the algorithm and the slope of the zero‐point regression curve were higher for allogeneic than autologous PBPC collections. The predictive algorithm may be a useful tool in PBPC harvest, enabling the adaptation of the size of the apheresis to the needs of each patient.
Efficacy of a new collection procedure for preventing bacterial contamination of whole‐blood donations
Authors: Bruneau Cecile , Perez Paul , Chassaigne Maurice , Allouch Pierre , Audurier Andre , Gulian Christine , Janus Guy , Boulard Gilbert , De Micco Philippe , Salmi L.R. , Noel Luc 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : Transfusion‐related bacterial contamination is a serious problem. The introduction of bacteria into donations at the collection stage seems frequent, despite well‐conducted phlebotomy site preparation. Additional preventive measures are required.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : The aim of this study was to assess the potential efficacy of excluding the first 15 mL of blood to reduce the bacterial contamination of donations. A special device allowed the aseptic collection of two samples at the beginning of donation: S1 (first 15 mL) and S2 (next 15 mL). Bacteriologic cultures of S1 and S2 were performed by using an automated system. The procedure′s efficacy was measured by the proportion of positive donations in S1 that were then negative in S2.RESULTS : S1 and/or S2 were positive in 76 (2.2%) of 3385 donations. In about three‐fourths of the culture‐positive donations, contamination was detected in the first 15‐mL sample only. Gram‐positive cocci accounted for 81 percent of species, gram‐positive bacilli for 14 percent, and gram‐negative bacilli for 5 percent. The new procedure would have prevented the introduction of bacteria in 55 donations, reducing to 0.6 percent the risk of contamination from the first 15 mL collected.CONCLUSION : Although the final effect on blood component bacterial contamination rates cannot be derived from the study, excluding the first 15 mL of blood may reduce the rate of bacterial contamination in donations.