bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the dimensions of NGO donor‐based brand equity: A literature review
Authors: Romero Maria Jesus Rios , Abril Carmen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe increasing participation of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in addressing developmental issues has resulted in a surge of NGOs globally and, consequently, intensified the competition among them for donations. NGOs, a type of nonprofit organization (NPO), have a distinctive characteristic: promoting a particular cause, which often pertains to social and political issues in an international context. The enhanced brand equity of NGOs can result in increased donor attraction, leading to a rise in both their amount of donations and donor loyalty. Conceptualizations of NGO brand equity, however, are scarce. This study thus critically reviews the current literature on NPO brand equity and proposes some guidelines for future, distinctive donor‐based brand equity models for NGOs. Our results also have important managerial implications for NGOs, highlighting relevant aspects in the brand equity building process that suggest future lines of research.
Philanthropic innovations: A historical analysis of Foundations' adoption, implementation, and diffusion of program‐related investment (PRI) strategies
Authors: Weber Peter C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhilanthropic foundations are credited with being sources of social innovation. Yet, most scholarship focuses on foundations funding innovations rather than adopting innovative philanthropic practices. Program‐related investments (PRIs) serve as lenses to understand how philanthropic innovations are adopted, implemented, and diffused. Scholars describe PRIs as innovations broadening grantmaking practices, but foundations today do not widely use PRIs despite their increased use in the 1980s and 2000s. I propose a theoretical model integrating foundation behavior literature with social transition theory, linking the diffusion of philanthropic innovations to specific configurations of micro‐, meso‐, and macro‐factors. Drawing on archival research, the study analyzes the Ford Foundation's PRI Office and the Cooperative Assistance Fund between 1968 and 1988. It shows that individual foundations acted upon the favorable environment for PRIs created by a broader agreement that social responsibility was to be shared across sectors. Long‐lasting norms about not mixing investments and philanthropy slowed the broad diffusion of PRIs in the foundation sector, which as an organizational field lagged the innovativeness of individual foundations. By focusing on how foundations adopt and implement innovative philanthropic strategies, the study moves beyond the practice of measuring philanthropic impact through grantees' performance rather than through philanthropic strategies.
Early‐ and later‐stage persistence with antiobesity medications: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gasoyan Hamlet , Pfoh Elizabeth R. , Schulte Rebecca , Le Phuc , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study's objective was to examine the percentage of patients with an initial antiobesity medication (AOM) fill who were persistent with AOM at 3, 6, and 12 months and to characterize factors associated with persistence at 12 months.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from January 2015 to July 2023 in a large health system in Ohio and Florida and included adults with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 who had an initial AOM prescription filled between 2015 and 2022.ResultsThe authors identified 1911 patients with a median baseline BMI of 38 (IQR, 34–44). Over time, 44% were persistent with AOM at 3 months, 33% at 6 months, and 19% at 12 months. Across categories of AOM, the highest 1‐year persistence was in patients receiving semaglutide (40%). Semaglutide (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.26, 95% CI: 3.04–6.05) was associated with higher odds of 1‐year persistence, and naltrexone‐bupropion (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46–1.00) was associated with lower odds, compared with phentermine‐topiramate. Among patients who were persistent at 6 months, a 1% increase in weight loss at 6 months was associated with 6% increased odds of persistence at year 1 (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09).ConclusionsLater‐stage persistence with AOM varies considerably based on the drug and the weight loss at 6 months.
Extreme hypernatraemia and rhabdomyolysis in a child with hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state mixed with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Hesketh Christine , Lau Sinny , Holloway Edward 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is present at diagnosis for about 40% of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).1 Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) is another acute complication of DM more typically associated with type 2 DM in adults or adolescents. Recent evidence indicates that a mixed picture of HHS and DKA also occurs in children with type 1 DM2 but it is not frequently reported and therefore at risk of under‐recognition.Here, we report a rare case of HHS mixed with DKA as the first presentation for type 1 DM in a five‐year‐old child with underlying neurodevelopmental problems. Failure to recognise the HHS aspects led to severe hypernatraemia, hyperosmolarity, acute renal impairment and rhabdomyolysis but ultimately the child made a full recovery. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and potential pitfalls in management of mixed HHS with type 1 DM. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Reflections on the Diabetes Self‐Management Alliance Workshop: providing better emotional support in diabetes routine care
Authors: Hadjiconstantinou Michelle , Causer Heather , Graham Rodger , Kelleher Síofra , Davies Mark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Optimal diabetes self‐management requires the balancing of physical, behavioural and psychological health. Although ownership lies with the person living with diabetes, the interaction and relationship between the individual and their health care professionals play a key role in achieving that outcome. This paper presents key summaries generated from the 6th International Diabetes Self‐Management Alliance conference workshop, exploring barriers to emotional support in routine diabetes care. In particular, we explored barriers around: (a) not having sufficient time during consultations to routinely address emotional well‐being; (b) the lack of confidence expressed by health care professionals in their ability to have emotional conversations with their patients; (c) training, bringing a focus to a more person‐centred approach for existing service models; and (d) the fear of opening Pandora's Box and discovering complex or emotionally overwhelming topics. The aim of this practice point paper is to provide a platform for researchers and policymakers to further explore these barriers and generate ideas to inform future research aimed at improving the landscape of emotional support in diabetes care. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Multiple baseline and multiple probe design studies targeting academic skills: Trends over time in effect sizes
Authors: Zink Henry H. , Van Norman Ethan R. , Klingbeil David A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle‐case design (SCD) is a quantitative experimental technique in which participants serve as their own control. The use of an effect size in SCD allows evaluation of outcomes as well as comparison of outcomes via meta‐analyses. Characteristics of SCD research make the selection of an appropriate effect size complicated. Additionally, there are a number of factors that complicate the use of SCDs as a means to improve academic skills. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns by which SCD effect sizes are used to quantify outcomes from academic interventions. To do so, a descriptive analysis of an extant database of SCD studies was conducted. The authors created frequency tables for each effect size identified in the database as well as graphs to show the extent to which the use of effect sizes changed over time. The authors also determined whether the most frequently used effect sizes were appropriate for summarizing changes in academic outcomes. Although many effect sizes have been developed, only a small number are routinely used in SCD research for academic skills. The most frequently used effect sizes were those that come from standardized statistics, compared with those that utilized principles of regression or Bayesian analysis.
Application of machine learning in polymer additive manufacturing: A review
Authors: Nasrin Tahamina , Pourkamali‐Anaraki Farhad , Peterson Amy M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary technology that enables production of intricate structures while minimizing material waste. However, its full potential has yet to be realized due to technical challenges such as the dependence of part quality on numerous process parameters, the vast number of design options, and the occurrence of defects. These complications may be magnified by the use of polymers and polymer composites due to their complex molecular structures, batch‐to‐batch variations, and changes in final part properties caused by small alterations in process settings and environmental conditions. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, offers approaches to tackle these challenges and significantly reduce the experimental and computational time and expense. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of existing research on integrating ML techniques into polymer AM. It highlights the challenges involved in adopting ML in polymer AM, proposes potential solutions, and identifies areas for future research.
One‐pot method for upcycling polycarbonate waste to yield high‐strength, BPA‐free composites
Authors: Derr Katelyn M. , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnvironmental damage caused by waste plastics and downstream chemical breakdown products is a modern crisis. Endocrine‐disrupting bisphenol A (BPA), found in breakdown products of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC), is an especially pernicious example that interferes with the reproduction and development of a wide range of organisms, including humans. Herein we report a single‐stage thiocracking method to chemically upcycle polycarbonate using elemental sulfur, a waste product of fossil fuel refining. Importantly, this method disintegrates bisphenol A units into monoaryls, thus eliminating endocrine‐disrupting BPA from the material and from any potential downstream waste. Thiocracking of PC (10 wt%) with elemental sulfur (90 wt%) at 320 °C yields the highly crosslinked network SPC90. The composition, thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of SPC90 were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, elemental analysis, SEM/EDX, compressive strength tests, and flexural strength tests. The composite SPC90 (compressive strength = 12.8 MPa, flexural strength = 4.33 MPa) showed mechanical strengths exceeding those of commercial bricks and competitive with those of mineral cements. The approach discussed herein represents a method to chemically upcycle polycarbonate while deconstructing BPA units, and valorizing waste sulfur to yield structurally viable building materials that could replace less‐green legacy materials.
Unravelling the effect of control agents on Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi on a chestnut‐based medium by proteomics
Authors: Álvarez Micaela , Agostini Isadora , Sampaio Ana , Román Ángel , Delgado Josué , Rodrigues Paula 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDGnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is the major chestnut pathogen, responsible for economic losses and recently described as a 3‐nitropropionic acid and diplodiatoxin mycotoxin producer. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST 713 (Serenade® ASO), B. amyloliquefaciens CIMO‐BCA1, and the fungicide Horizon® (tebuconazole) have been shown to reduce the growth of G. smithogilvyi. However, they enhanced mycotoxin production. Proteomics can clarify the mould's physiology and the impact of antifungal agents on the mould's metabolism. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of Horizon®, Serenade®, and B. amyloliquefaciens CIMO‐BCA1 in the proteome of G. smithogilvyi to unveil their modes of action and decipher why the mould responds by increasing the mycotoxin production. For this, the mycelium close to the inhibition zone provoked by antifungals was macroscopically and microscopically observed. Proteins were extracted and analysed using a Q‐Exactive plus Orbitrap.RESULTSThe results did not elucidate specific proteins involved in the mycotoxin biosynthesis, but these agents provoked different kinds of stress on the mould, mainly affecting the cell wall structures and antioxidant response, which points to the mycotoxins overproduction as a defence mechanism. The biocontrol agent CIMO‐BCA1 acts similar to tebuconazole. The results revealed different responses on the mould's metabolism when co‐cultured with the two B. amyloliquefaciens, showing different modes of action of each bacterium, which opens the possibility of combining both biocontrol strategies.CONCLUSIONThese results unveil different modes of action of the treatments that could help to reduce the use of toxic chemicals to combat plant pathogens worldwide. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Persistent Charging of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Confined in Glass Matrix
Authors: Wang Gang , Yang Bobo , Mei Shiliang , Wang Bingzhe , Zhang Zhipeng , Mao Yulin , Guo Jia , Ma Guohong , Guo Ruiqian , Xing Guichuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractManipulation of persistent charges in semiconductor nanostructure is the key point to obtain quantum bits towards the application of quantum memory and information devices. However, realizing persistent charge storage in semiconductor nano‐systems is still very challenge due to the disturbance from crystal defects and environment conditions. Herein, the two‐photon persistent charging induced long‐lasting afterglow and charged exciton formation are observed in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) confined in glass host with effective lifetime surpassing one second, where the glass inclosure provides effective protection. A method combining the femtosecond and second time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy is explored to determine the persistent charging possibility of perovskite NCs unambiguously. Meanwhile, with temperature‐dependent spectroscopy, the underlying mechanism of this persistent charging is elucidated. A two‐channel carrier transfer model is proposed involving athermal quantum tunneling and slower thermal‐assisted channel. On this basis, two different information storage devices are demonstrated with the memory time exceeding two hours under low‐temperature condition. These results provide a new strategy to realize persistent charging in perovskite NCs and deepen the understanding of the underlying carrier kinetics, which may pave an alternative way towards novel information memory and optical data storage applications.
Shape‐Regulated Photothermal‐Catalytic Tumor Therapy Using Polydopamine@Pt Nanozymes with the Elicitation of an Immune Response
Authors: Xu Zhilong , Jiang Jian , Li Yanan , Hu Ting , Gu Jiake , Zhang Peiying , Fan Lei , Xi Juqun , Han Jie , Guo Rong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, nanozyme‐based photothermal‐catalytic therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for antitumor treatment. Extensive research has focused on optimizing the catalytic activity and photothermal conversion performance of nanozymes through size, morphology, and surface property regulations. However, the biological effects of nanozymes, such as cellular uptake and cytotoxicity, resulting from their physicochemical properties, remain largely unexplored. In this study, two types of polydopamine/platinum (PDA@Pt) nanozymes, flower‐like (FPDA@Pt) and mesoporous spherical‐like (MPDA@Pt), to comprehensively compare their enzyme‐mimicking activity, photothermal conversion capacity, and antitumor efficiency are designed. These findings revealed that FPDA@Pt exhibited superior peroxidase‐like activity and higher photothermal conversion efficiency compared to MPDA@Pt. This led to enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased heat generation at tumor sites. Importantly, it is observed thatthe flower‐like structure of FPDA@Pt facilitated enhanced cellular uptake, leading to an increased accumulation of nanozymes within tumor cells. Furthermore, the light irradiation on tumors also triggered a series of anti‐tumor immune responses, further enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. This work provides a possible design orientation for nanozyme‐based photothermal‐catalytic tumor therapy, highlighting the importance of considering the physicochemical properties of nanozymes to optimize their therapeutic potential in antitumor strategies.
Ultra‐Large Compressive Plasticity of E‐Ga2O3 Thin Films at the Submicron Scale
Authors: Cui Junfeng , Yuan Qilong , Wang Wei , Chen Guoxin , Ke Peiling , Zhang Wenrui , Nishimura Kazuhito , Jiang Nan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGallium oxide (Ga2O3) usually fractures in the brittle form, and achieving large plastic deformability to avoid catastrophic failure is in high demand. Here, ε‐Ga2O3 thin films with columnar crystals and partial unoccupied Ga sites are synthesized, and it is demonstrated that the ε‐Ga2O3 at the submicron scale can be compressed to an ultra‐large plastic strain of 48.5% without cracking. The compressive behavior and related mechanisms are investigated by in situ transmission electron microscope nanomechanical testing combined with atomic‐resolution characterizations. The serrated plastic flow and large strain burst are two major deformation forms of ε‐Ga2O3 during compression, which are attributed to the dislocation nucleation and avalanches, formation of new grains, and amorphization. The ultra‐large compressive plasticity of ε‐Ga2O3 thin films at the submicron scale can inspire new applications of Ga2O3 in micro‐ or nano‐ electronic and optoelectronic devices, especially those that require impact resistance during processing or service.
Irreversible Bonding of Polydimethylsiloxane‐Lithium Niobate using Oxygen Plasma Modification for Surface Acoustic Wave based Microfluidic Application: Theory and Experiment
Authors: He Chunhua , Yao Jinhui , Yang Canfeng , Wang Jianxin , Sun Bo , Liao Guanglan , Shi Tielin , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcoustic microfluidic chips, fabricated by combining lithium niobate (LiNbO3) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), practically find applications in biomedicine. However, high‐strength direct bonding of LiNbO3 substrate with PDMS microchannel remains a challenge due to the large mismatching of thermal expansion coefficient at the interface and the lack of bonding theory. This paper elaborately reveals the bonding mechanisms of PDMS and LiNbO3, demonstrating an irreversible bonding method for PDMS‐LiNbO3 heterostructures using oxygen plasma modification. An in‐situ monitoring strategy by using resonant devices is proposed for oxygen plasma, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) covered with PDMS and surface acoustic wave (SAW) fabricated by LiNbO3. When oxygen plasma exposure occurs, surfaces are cleaned, oxygen ions are implanted, and hydroxyl groups (‐OH) are formed. Upon interfaces bonding, the interface will form niobium‐oxygen‐silicon covalent bonds to realize an irreversible connection. A champion bonding strength is obtained of 1.1 MPa, and the PDMS‐LiNbO3 acoustic microfluidic chip excels in leakage tests, withstanding pressures exceeding 60 psi, outperforming many previously reported devices. This work addresses the gap in PDMS‐LiNbO3 bonding theory and advances its practical application in the acoustic microfluidic field.
A comparative experiment between textual requirements and model‐based requirements on proxies for contractual safety
Authors: Salado Alejandro , Shadab Niloofar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRequirements form the backbone of contracting in acquisition programs. Requirements define the problem boundaries within which contractors try to find acceptable solutions (design systems). At the same time, requirements are the criteria by which a customer measures the extent that their contract has been fulfilled by the supplier. In this context, the quality of a requirement set is determined by the level of contractual safety that it yields. Unfortunately, textual requirements do not provide acceptable levels of contractual safety, as they remain a major source of problems in acquisition programs. Model‐based requirements have been proposed as an alternative to textual requirements, although this promise has not been demonstrated yet. This paper addresses the main question of whether using model‐based requirements improves the contractual safety of acquisition programs compared to using textual requirements. The level of adequate applicability, bounding, necessity, and completeness achieved by model‐based requirements are empirically measured using an experimental study with aerospace engineering and industrial and systems engineering students on a space system application. The results show that model‐based requirements outperform textual requirements in these four variables.
Chemical and microbiological safety of drinking water in distribution networks made of plastic pipes
Authors: Świetlik Joanna , Magnucka Marta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, metal alloys used for drinking water distribution are gradually being replaced by PVC and HDPE pipes. In areas of distribution networks made of plastic, consumer complaints related to a significant deterioration of organoleptic parameters of water are frequently recorded. The decline in water quality is most likely the result of chemical and biological processes occurring on the inner walls of the transmission pipes coexisting with the disappearance of disinfectant residues. Plastic pipes are also characterized by high failure rates associated with aging of polymeric materials under operating conditions. Published reports indicate disturbing phenomena occurring in plastic pipes: oxidative aging of polymers, degradation of antioxidant coatings, release of organic compounds to water as well as surface damage and scaling, generating microplastic particles. PE and PVC networks are also susceptible to biofilm formation, characterized by a high phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms. Studies presented in the literature, indicating the risks resulting from the exploitation of PE and PVC pipes, are mainly based on model tests. There is a lack of works, which would complementarily explain all the phenomena occurring in working water pipes made of plastics. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the phenomena and processes that can occur in PE and PVC pipes in service and their relevance to the safety and quality of drinking water in distribution networks, as well as to identify areas that require further analysis to enable water producers to deliver an appropriately high‐quality product to consumers.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Science of Water > Water Quality
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness