bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From fatherhood premium to motherhood penalty: trends in the fertility effects on men's and women's wage in China (1989–2015)
Authors: Xu Qi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInvestigating the impact of fertility on the wage earnings of men and women and its trends is important for understanding and coping with both the widening gender wage gap and the continuously declining fertility rate in China. Through an in-depth analysis of China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1989 to 2015, the study finds that in the late 1980s, fertility had a significant positive impact on the wage earnings of men in China, while the negative impact on women's wages was not significant. Over time, the fatherhood wage premium has been declining, while the motherhood wage penalty has been rising at a faster rate, and the gender wage gap has been widening. The expansion of the market sector in China since the deepening of reforms in 1992 is an important reason for the rapid increase of motherhood wage penalty.
Psychometric validation of the Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Diary and Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Impact Assessment in adults in the phase 3 ACTIVATE trial
Authors: Andrae David A. , Grace Rachael F. , Jewett Adrian , Foster Brandon , Klaassen Robert J. , Salek Sam , Li Junlong , Tai Feng , Boscoe Audra N. , Zagadailov Erin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and serious sequalae which negatively affect patient quality of life. This study aimed to psychometrically validate the first disease-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments: the 7-item PK Deficiency Diary (PKDD) and 12-item PK Deficiency Impact Assessment (PKDIA), designed to assess signs, symptoms, and impacts of PK deficiency in patients enrolled in the ACTIVATE global phase 3 study of mitapivat versus placebo (NCT03548220).

Methods
All validation analyses for the PKDD and PKDIA were performed on blinded data, with analyses on item integrity, scoring, reliability, and validity conducted on data from screening and baseline. Completion rates and baseline response distributions were characterized using descriptive statistics. Item response modelling was used to inform a weighted scoring system. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test–retest reliability; and validity by convergent and known-groups analyses.

Results
Of the 80 adults enrolled, baseline data were available for 77 (96.3%) and 78 (97.5%) patients for the PKDD and PKDIA, respectively. Item responses skewed right, indicating that mean values exceeded median values, especially for items utilizing a 0–10 numeric scale, which were subsequently recoded to a 0–4 scale; 4 items were removed from the PKDIA due to redundancy or low relevance to the trial population. Both the PKDD and PKDIA demonstrated high internal consistency (McDonald’s coefficient ω = 0.86 and 0.90, respectively), test–retest reliability (intra-class coefficients of 0.94 and 0.87, respectively), and convergent validity with other PROs (linear correlation coefficients [|r|] between 0.30–0.73 and 0.50–0.82, respectively).

Conclusions
The findings provide evidence of validity and reliability for the PKDD and PKDIA, the first disease-specific PRO measures for PK deficiency, and can therefore increase understanding of, and more accurately capture, the wider impact of PK deficiency on health-related quality of life.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03548220. Registered June 07, 2018; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03548220.
Performance evaluation of Cuckoo filters as an enhancement tool for password cracking
Authors: Cano Maria-Dolores , Villafranca Antonio , Tasic Igor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCyberthreats continue their expansion, becoming more and more complex and varied. However, credentials and passwords are still a critical point in security. Password cracking can be a powerful tool to fight against cyber criminals if used by cybersecurity professionals and red teams, for instance, to evaluate compliance with security policies or in forensic investigations. For particular systems, one crucial step in the password-cracking process is comparison or matchmaking between password-guess hashes and real hashes. We hypothesize that using newer data structures such as Cuckoo filters could optimize this process. Experimental results show that, with a proper configuration, this data structure is two orders of magnitude more efficient in terms of size/usage compared to other data structures while keeping a comparable performance in terms of time.
The efficacy of ultra-high-density mapping guided partial antral ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Han Seongwook , Hwang Chun , Chung Tae-Wan , Park Hyoung-Seob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The muscular discontinuities or lack of myocardial extensions around the pulmonary veins (PVs) antrum were previously reported. The objective of our study was to compare the efficacy of a partial antral ablation for PV isolation (PVI) using ultra-high density (UHD) mapping with a conventional wide antral circumferential ablation (WACA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.

Methods
A total of 119 patients medical records who received catheter ablation for AF in our hospital were analyzed. In one group of patients, detailed activation mapping of each PV was performed using a UHD mapping system. Each PV antral segment’s activation pattern was classified into “directly-activated from the LA” or “passively-activated from an adjacent PV segment” patterns. The ablation applications were performed at the directly-activated PV antral segment only for the PVI when the PV had “passively-activated segments” (partial antral ablation; PA-UHD group). Another patient group received a conventional WACA for the PVI (WACA group).

Results
Sixty patients received partial antral ablation (PA-UHD), and age/sex-matched 59 patients received WACA. In the PA-UHD group, passively-activated segments were observed in 58.3% of all PV segments. The success rate of a partial antral ablation for the PVI in PVs with passively-activated segments was 85%. The 1-year atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence did not differ between the PA-UHD and WACA groups.

Conclusions
Our study revealed the presence of passively-activated PV segments, which could potentially indicate muscular discontinuity at the PV-LA junction. In most PVs with passively-activated segments, PVI was successfully achieved by ablation with only directly-activated segments. The 1-year recurrence rate of atrial tachyarrhythmia in PA-UHD group was comparable to that observed in the WACA group.
Prognostic value of combined central venous oxygen saturation and lactate in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Abdelaziz Alyaa Ahdy , ElGendy Fady Mohammed , Hegazy Alaa Atef , Hussein Mai , Ghazy Ramy Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study assessed the value of measuring both arterial lactate levels and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) in predicting cardiac surgery outcomes in pediatric patients.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 73 patients who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease. Vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), serial mean arterial blood pressures (MAP), lactate levels, and ScvO2 were measured immediately and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). To test the prognostic values of these markers, we calculated the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of postsurgical complications.

Results
The most common complications after cardiac surgery were the prolonged need for mechanical ventilation (38.36%), chest infection (30.14%), prolonged stay in the PICU (24.66%), and sepsis (9.59%). ScvO2 6 h after admission was most predictive of complications (AUC = 85.5%), followed by ScvO2/lactate (AUC = 83.0%), lactate level 12 h after admission (AUC = 75.0%), MAP (AUC = 73.6%), and VIS (AUC = 63.4). In multivariate analysis, body weight and ScvO2 6 h after PICU admission were the main predictors of complications (OR = 0.01, 95% CI 0.001–0.689, p = 0.033), and (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.798–0.948, p = 0.002) respectively.

Conclusions
To predict complications after pediatric cardiac surgery, lactate measurement does not add value to ScvO2 measurement 6 h after admission.

The Cochrane TRN
PACTR202104905893217.
Date of registration 12 April 2021.
A mixed methods partner-focused cost and budget impact analysis to deploy implementation strategies for school-based prevention
Authors: Eisman Andria B. , Whitman Jacob , Palinkas Lawrence A. , Fridline Judy , Harvey Christina , Kilbourne Amy M. , Hutton David W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Obtaining information on implementation strategy costs and local budget impacts from multiple perspectives is essential to data-driven decision-making about resource allocation for successful evidence-based intervention delivery. This mixed methods study determines the costs and priorities of deploying Enhanced Replicating Effective Programs (REP) to implement the Michigan Model for Health™, a universal school-based prevention intervention, from key shareholder perspectives.

Methods
Our study included teachers in 8 high schools across 3 Michigan counties as part of a pilot cluster randomized trial. We used activity-based costing, mapping key Enhanced REP activities across implementation phases. We included multiple perspectives, including state agencies, regional education service agencies, lead organization, and implementers. We also conducted a budget impact analysis (BIA, assessing the potential financial impact of adopting Enhanced REP) and a scenario analysis to estimate replication and account for cost variability. We used an experimental embedded mixed methods approach, conducting semi-structured interviews and collecting field notes during the trial to expand and explain the cost data and the implications of costs across relevant perspectives.

Results
Based on trial results, we estimate costs for deploying Enhanced REP are $11,903/school, with an estimated range between $8263/school and $15,201/school. We estimate that adding four additional schools, consistent with the pilot, would cost $8659/school. Qualitative results indicated misalignment in school and teacher priorities in some cases. Implementation activities, including training and implementation facilitation with the health coordinator, were sometimes in addition to regular teaching responsibilities. The extent to which this occurred was partly due to leadership priorities (e.g., sticking to the district PD schedule) and organizational priorities (e.g., budget).

Conclusions
Previous research findings indicate that, from a societal perspective, universal prevention is an excellent return on investment. However, notable misalignment in cost burden and priorities exists across shareholder groups. Our results indicate significant personal time costs by teachers when engaging in implementation strategy activities that impose an opportunity cost. Additional strategies are needed to improve the alignment of costs and benefits to enhance the success and sustainability of implementation. We focus on those perspectives informed by the analysis and discuss opportunities to expand a multi-level focus and create greater alignment across perspectives.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04752189. Registered on 12 February 2021.
In silico drug repurposing using molecular docking and dynamics to target the protein interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein and the ACE2 receptor
Authors: Hussein Dania , Almatrafi Abdullah , Gomaa Mohammed , Alhowsawi AlAnood , Almustafa Sarah , Alsaihaty Hadi , Alghamdi Manar 
Published: November 2023

Background: The protein interaction between the viral surface S-glycoprotein and the host angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2) is key to the virulent nature of SARS-CoV-2. The potential role that effective drug repurposing strategies may have to help stem the impact of future outbreaks has been brought to light in the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This study outlines a comprehensive approach towards in-silico drug discovery which aims to identify hit agents that can be suitably translated into a clinical setting. Methods: We use two different computational platforms to analyze the viral S-glycoprotein in its bound conformational state to the ACE2 receptor. We employed a comprehensive screening approach to shortlist compounds capable of binding to the viral target interface and corroborated these findings using both Schrödinger’s Glide and AutoDock Vina. Molecular dynamic simulation studies further verified the stability of the interaction at the viral-host protein interface. Results: Lymecycline, pentagalloylglucose, polydatin, and hexoprenaline were identified as prime candidates for further studies given the robust and stable nature of their interaction at the viral-host interface and relevance for clinical testing. These agents were shown in a 100-nanosecond simulation trajectory to favorably disrupt key binding interactions at the viral-host interface and may potentially inhibit viral entry into host cells. In all hit molecules it was observed that inhibiting the interaction with the following key viral binding residues: Lys17, Gly496, Tyr 505, and key host residues: His34, Asp38, Lys353, played a critical role toward the inhibition of the viral-host protein interaction. Conclusions: Our study is unique in its comprehensive approach to identify agents that can bind to the S-glycoprotein-ACE2 interface using multiple computational platforms. Among the hit compounds shortlisted in this study, both lymecycline and hexoprenaline may be considered as candidates for preliminarily clinical studies to assess their therapeutic potential in the management of COVID-19 infections.
The Precise-DYAD Neurodevelopmental substudy protocol: neurodevelopmental risk in children of mothers with placental complications
Authors: Magai Dorcas N. , Chandna Jaya , Volvert Marie-Laure , Craik Rachel , Jah Hawanatu , Kongira Fatoumata , Bojang Kalilu , Koech Angela , Mwashigadi Grace , Mutua Agnes M. , Blencowe Hannah , D'Alessandro Umberto , Roca Anna , Temmerman Marleen , von Dadelszen Peter , Abubakar Amina , Gladstone Melissa ,   The PRECISE DYAD Network
Published: November 2023

Background: Over 250 million children are not reaching their developmental potential globally. The impact of prenatal factors then influenced by postnatal environmental factors on child neurodevelopment, is still unclear—particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This study aims to understand the impact of placental complications as well as environmental, psychosocial, and biological predictors on neurodevelopmental trajectories. Methods: This is an observational cohort study of female and male children (≈3,950) born to women (≈4,200) with and without placental disorders (pregnancy-induced hypertension, foetal growth restriction, and premature birth) previously recruited into PREgnancy Care Integrating Translational Science, Everywhere study with detailed biological data collected in intrapartum and post-partum periods. Children will be assessed at six weeks to 6 months, 11-13 months, 23-25 months and 35-37 months in rural and semi-urban Gambia (Farafenni, Illiasa, and Ngayen Sanjal) and Kenya (Mariakani and Rabai). We will assess children's neurodevelopment using Prechtls General Movement Assessment, the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (primary outcome), Observation of Maternal-Child Interaction, the Neurodevelopmental Disorder Screening Tool, and the Epilepsy Screening tool. Children screening positive will be assessed with Cardiff cards (vision), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Family Impact. We will use multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the impact of placental complications on neurodevelopment and conduct structural equation modelling using latent class growth to study trajectories and relationships between biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors on child development. Conclusions: We aim to provide information regarding the neurodevelopment of infants and children born to women with and without placental complications at multiple time points during the first three years of life in two low-resource African communities. A detailed evaluation of developmental trajectories and their predictors will provide information on the most strategic points of intervention to prevent and reduce the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairments.
Combination Chemotherapy Optimization with Discrete Dosing
Authors: Ajayi Temitayo , Hosseinian Seyedmohammadhossein , Schaefer Andrew J. , Fuller Clifton D. 
Published: November 2023

Chemotherapy drug administration is a complex problem that often requires expensive clinical trials to evaluate potential regimens; one way to alleviate this burden and better inform future trials is to build reliable models for drug administration. This paper presents a mixed-integer program for combination chemotherapy (utilization of multiple drugs) optimization that incorporates various important operational constraints and, besides dose and concentration limits, controls treatment toxicity based on its effect on the count of white blood cells. To address the uncertainty of tumor heterogeneity, we also propose chance constraints that guarantee reaching an operable tumor size with a high probability in a neoadjuvant setting. We present analytical results pertinent to the accuracy of the model in representing biological processes of chemotherapy and establish its potential for clinical applications through a numerical study of breast cancer. History: Accepted by Paul Brooks, Area Editor for Applications in Biology, Medicine, & Healthcare. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CMMI-1933369 and CMMI-1933373]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0207 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0207 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Exploring the benefits of using co-packaged optics in data center and AI supercomputer networks: a simulation-based analysis [Invited]
Authors: Maniotis Pavlos , Kuchta Daniel M. 
Published: November 2023

We investigate the advantages of using co-packaged optics in next-generation data center and AI supercomputer networks. The increased escape bandwidth offered by co-packaged optics provides multiple possibilities for building 50T switches and beyond, expanding the opportunities in both the data center and supercomputing domains. This provides network architects with the opportunity to expand their design space and develop simplified networks with enhanced network locality properties. Co-packaging at the switch and server points enables networks with double capacity while reducing the switch count by 64% compared to state-of-the-art systems. We evaluate these concepts through discrete-event simulations using all-to-all and all-reduce traffic patterns that simulate collective communications commonly found in network-bound applications. Initially, we investigate the all-to-all overhead involved in distributing the virtual machines of the applications across multiple leaf switches and compare it to the scenario in which all VMs are placed under a single switch. Subsequently, we evaluate the performance of an AI supercomputing cluster by simulating both patterns for different message sizes, while also varying the number of participating nodes. The results suggest that networks with improved locality properties become increasingly important as the network stack operates at higher speeds; for a stack latency of 1.25 µs, placing the applications under multiple switches can result in up to 68% higher completion times than placing them under a single switch. For AI supercomputers, significant improvements are observed in the mean server throughput, reaching more than 90% for configurations involving 256 nodes and message sizes of at least 128 KiB.
Effect of P and Ti on the agglomeration behavior of Al2O3 inclusions in Fe–P–Ti alloys
Authors: Dong Siyue , Wang Rui , Xie Likui , Kang Yan , Li Yihong , Fan Jing , Yu Zhiqiang , Yan Zhijie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nozzle clogging occurs in the interstitial free (IF) steel with high phosphorus (P) more frequently than in IF steel with lower P. To explore the effect of P and Ti on the inclusion behavior in liquid steel, the in situ experiment and theoretical calculations were conducted. High-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy was used in situ to observe the inclusion behavior at the liquid Fe–P–Ti alloy surfaces, and the attractive and capillary forces were also calculated to quantitatively estimate the effect of P and Ti on the inclusion behavior. The results show that the agglomeration of Al2O3 inclusions involves four steps: dispersed Al2O3 particles in liquid alloy; formation of Al2O3 chain structure; bending of the Al2O3 chain, and sintering and densification of the chain structure. The addition of Ti and P in the steel can increase the agglomeration time of inclusions, indicating the impeding effect of P and Ti on the inclusion aggregation. Furthermore, the orientation factor is proposed to estimate the direction of movement of the small inclusion crossing between large inclusions, and the experimental results confirm its validity.
The impact of guessing and retrieval strategies for learning phrasal verbs
Authors: Strong Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Previous research on phrasal verbs has focused on the effectiveness of exercises requiring learners to provide the missing particle for a given verb. However, this research does not address other common exercise formats, such as those requiring learners to complete entire phrasal verbs. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring such an exercise format and its two principal implementations. The participants were 134 Japanese EFL learners. Both exercise setups present the definition and initial letter of a phrasal verb as a prompt. In the guessing method, students attempt to fill in the missing phrasal verb based solely on the prompt and then receive corrective feedback. In contrast, in the error-free retrieval method, students study the phrasal verb and its definition before attempting the same gap-fill exercise. Retention of phrasal verbs improved more with the guessing method. Further, across both methods, participants struggled more with recalling particles than verbs.