bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for Validating HRRR Simulated Cloud Properties for Different Weather Phenomena Using Satellite and Radar Observations
Authors: Griffin Sarah M. , Otkin Jason A. , Lewis William E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the ability of the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model to forecast cloud characteristics through comparison of observed and simulated satellite brightness temperatures (BTs) and radar reflectivity during different weather phenomena in December 2021: the Mayfield, Kentucky, tornado on 11 December, a heavy snow event in Minnesota from 10 to 11 December, and the Midwest derecho on 15 December. This is done to illustrate the importance of examining model accuracy across a range of weather phenomena. Observation and forecast objects were created using the Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE). HRRR accurately depicted the spatial displacements between observation cloud (defined using BTs) and radar reflectivity objects, namely, the centers of cloud objects are to the east of the radar objects for the tornado and derecho events, and generally west of the radar objects for the snow event. However, HRRR had higher (less intense) simulated BTs and higher (more intense) radar reflectivity than the observations for the tornado event. Simulated radar reflectivity is higher and BTs are lower than the observations during the middle of the snow event. Also, simulated radar reflectivity is higher and BTs are lower than the observations during the derecho event. Of the three weather events, the HRRR forecasts are most accurate for the snow event, based on the object-based threat score, followed by the derecho and tornado events. The tornado event has lower accuracy because matches between paired simulated and observation objects are worse than for the snow event, with less similarity in size forecast objects and greater distance between paired object centers.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of forecast cloud and radar objects, defined using simulated satellite brightness temperatures and radar reflectivity, from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model. This assessment was conducted for a tornado, snow, and derecho event from December 2021. Results from these three events indicate that the HRRR model accurately represents the observed displacement between the center of cloud and radar objects for the tornado and derecho events, and is the most accurate overall for the snow event.
Metformin Does not Affect Outcomes in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Therapy and Resection
Authors: Sonal Swati , Boudreau Chloe , Kunitake Hiroko , Goldstone Robert N. , Lee Grace C. , Cauley Christy E. , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Francone Todd D. , Ricciardi Rocco , Berger David L. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction There is emerging evidence that metformin may have a protective effect in patients with cancer. However, its current evidence in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is inconclusive. We aim to assess the effect of metformin on long-term outcomes in patients with LARC who received neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection. Methods A retrospective review of 324 patients with nonmetastatic LARC who received neoadjuvant therapy and major surgical resection from 2004 to 2018. There were 27 patients who received metformin before surgery and 297 patients who did not receive metformin. Results Metformin users were associated with a significantly higher age, BMI, ASA score, and 30-day readmissions ( P < .05). There was no difference in overall survival (OS, P = .18) or disease-free survival (DFS, P = .33) between the two groups. On Cox regression, metformin intake did not predict OS (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.4-1.77) when controlled for age (HR 1.04, 1.02-1.06), sex (HR 1.13, 0.69-1.85), BMI (HR 0.97, 0.92-1.02), ASA score (HR: 1.7, 1.06-2.73), TNT (HR 0.31, 0.1-0.92), pathological Stage III disease (HR 2.55, 1.51-4.32), extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) (HR 3.06, 1.7-5.5), and adjuvant therapy (HR 0.1, 0.04-0.27 for <25 months OS and HR 0.3, 0.15-0.59 for ≥25 months). Disease-free survival showed a similar trend with no significant effect of metformin (HR 0.77, 0.39-1.52) when controlled for age, sex, BMI, ASA, TNT, Stage III disease, EMVI, and adjuvant therapy. Conclusion Metformin does not affect long-term survival in LARC treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgical resection. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the findings further.
Female Surgeons and Physicians Experience Greater Infertility Rates and Pregnancy Complications Than Other Professional Women
Authors: Yau Alice , Lentskevich Marina A. , Ahmed Kaleem S. , Rangel Erika L. , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: November 2023

Background Long years of school/training have shown to be associated with infertility and pregnancy complications. Rates of infertility and pregnancy complications were compared among women in demanding professional careers to better understand career differences impacting family planning. Methods Inclusion criteria : English-speaking, childbearing professional women in surgery, medicine, law, and engineering. Exclusion criteria: men and women not in professional careers mentioned and non-childbearing women. Male-dominated fields identified to select non-medical female professionals. Top medical, law, and engineering schools’ female faculty were surveyed from October 2022 to December 2022. Descriptive analysis and chi-squared tests were performed. Results 2302 surveys were distributed and 268 responses were obtained (11.6%): 121 non-surgeon physicians, 120 lawyers/other doctorate degree holders, and 27 other/unknown. Data analysis included prior study’s surgeon data. The median age (IQR = 25%, 75%) of the surgeons was 40y (36,45), non-surgeon physicians 43y (37,50), and law/other doctorates 38y (35,46). Delayed childbearing was observed in 65.0% surgeons, 66.1% non-surgeon physicians, and 57.5% law/other doctorates ( P < .001). Pregnancy loss <10wks was observed in 35.3% surgeons, 33.9% non-surgeon physicians, and 30.8% law/other doctorates ( P < .001). Infertility testing was performed in 43.0% non-surgeon physicians and 34.2% law/other doctorates ( P < .001). Assisted reproductive technology was utilized by 24.9% surgeons, 43.0% non-surgeon physicians, and 21.7% law/other doctorates ( P < .001). Discussion Surgeons/physicians suffer more childbearing complications than other professional women.
A Vehicle Simulation Study Examining the Effects of System Interface Design Elements on Performance in Different Vibration Environments Below 3 Hz
Authors: Tang Xing , Yu Suihuai , Donmez Birsen , Chu Jianjie , Fan Hao , Li Feilong , Jiang Gang 
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between system interface elements' design features and interaction performance in simulated vehicle vibration environments. Background Touch screens have been widely used in vehicle information systems, but few studies have focused on the decline of touchscreen interaction performance and task load increase when driving on unpaved roads. Method The interaction performance (reaction time and task accuracy rate) with vibration frequencies below 3 Hz (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Hz) and different interface design elements was investigated employing a touch screen computer and E-prime software. Results The results indicate that vehicle vibration (below 3 Hz) can significantly reduce interaction performance with a vehicle information system interface. Conclusion An appropriate increase in the physical size of the interface design features (visual stimulus materials and touch buttons) can help to mitigate this negative effect of vibration. Application The results and findings of this study can be utilized for the design of information system interfaces as it relates to the vibration scenario of unpaved roads.
Analysis of friction and wear performance of eco-friendly basalt filler reinforced polylactic acid composite using the Taguchi approach
Authors: Jagadeesh Praveenkumara , Puttegowda Madhu , Suyambulingam Indran , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: November 2023

The main goal of this research is to utilize sustainable and eco-friendly basalt materials for the fabrication of bio-based thermoplastic composites. This will help to keep up with ecologically balanced factors. There have been several studies on natural fiber reinforced with different polymer matrices during the past 10 years. As a result, the academics and experts expressed concern about the environmental imbalance. By keeping these points, an attempt was made to fabricate basalt fillers reinforced polylactic acid composites with the maximum weight ratio (30 wt %), and the tribological study is conducted for the fabricated composites. In this study, the Taguchi and analysis of variance (ANOVA) approaches have been used to analyze the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (SWR) of polylactic acid composite reinforced with constant 30 wt% basalt fillers. The morphology, particle size, and elemental composition of the basalt fillers are examined using scanning electron microscopy, a particle size distribution analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, respectively. The tribology tests are conducted with Pin-on-Disk Tribometer following the ASTM G99 standard, following the L18 orthogonal array design, which was developed using the statistical program MINITAB-19. The selected parameters for the analysis are basalt (wt %), load (N), speed (rpm), and distance (m) under dry conditions. For PLA samples, the optimum parameters in response to COF is found to be 0 wt% basalt, 3 N load, 100 rpm speed, and 100 m distance; for the SWR output, the optimum parameters are 30 wt% basalt, 6 N load, 100 rpm speed, and 150 m distance. The consistent observation is that adding basalt fillers has not significantly reduced COF but has contributed more to SWR reduction with PLA composite. The best COF value for PLA samples is obtained with low sliding distance. The typical observation across all COF graphs is that the COF value first seems to be lower due to a smoothened polymer surface, rises throughout an experiment, and then stabilizes with very little variance. Regardless of the processing parameters, the depth of wear steadily increases with increasing load as observed in 2D depth profiles. The neat PLA polymer morphology that gives the illusion of deep grooves and many tracks dispersed over a single worn surface shows how the maximum parameter influence is more obvious on the surface of the sample. Overall, the results suggest that thermoplastic composites are feasible for the manufacturing of paper mill rollers.
The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Misuse and Smoking Among Aging Men Who Have Sex With Men: No Evidence of Exercise or Volunteering Impact
Authors: Barrett Benjamin W. , Meanley Steven , Brennan-Ing Mark , Haberlen Sabina A. , Ware Deanna , Detels Roger , Friedman M. Reuel , Plankey Michael W. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives To determine if the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use (alcohol misuse or smoking tobacco) is mediated/moderated by exercise or volunteering among aging (≥40 years) men who have sex with men (MSM), and if this mediation/moderation differs by HIV serostatus. Methods Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data were used. Three datasets with PTSD measured during different time periods (10/1/2017-3/31/2018, 898 men; 4/1/2018-9/30/2018, 890 men; 10/1/2018-3/31/2019, 895 men) were analyzed. Longitudinal mediation analyses estimated the mediation effect of exercise and volunteering on the outcomes. Results Nine percent of MSM had evidence of PTSD. There was no statistically significant mediation effect of exercise or volunteering regardless of substance use outcome. The odds of smoking at a future visit among MSM with PTSD were approximately double those of MSM without PTSD. Results did not differ by HIV serostatus. Discussion There is a particular need for effective smoking cessation interventions for aging MSM with PTSD.
Hybrid Clampless Anastomosis in Antegrade Aorto-Superior Mesenteric Artery Bypass
Authors: Tanda Elisabetta , Zappadu Sara , De Donno Gabriele , Dettori Salvatora , Ciccarello Sandro , Piredda Franco , Fadda Gian Franco 
Published: November 2023

Background Bypass surgery in severe aorto-iliac calcifications is a complex procedure. Aortic clamping can be highly risky and endovascular approach can be unsuccessful. We report our experience describing three cases of chronic mesenteric ischemia. In all three cases the preoperative computed tomography angiography revealed an ostial occlusion of the celiac trunk and of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), a coral reef abdominal aorta, and severe calcification of the iliac arteries. An antegrade aorto-mesenteric bypass using a hybrid clampless anastomosis on the supraceliac aorta was performed. Results The procedures were performed via laparotomy. We carried out the exposure of the anterior supraceliac aorta limited to the zone without major calcifications; then we performed a side-to-end media-adventitial anastomosis between the supraceliac aorta and a Dacron graft 7 mm without any arteriotomy or clamping. The proximal graft and the aortic anastomosis site were punctured using a 18 G needle. An introducer was then positioned over a wire through the prosthetic graft and pushed into the aorta. Balloon expandable covered stenting to open and stabilize the anastomosis site was performed. Finally, the graft was tunneled to the SMA, and an end-to-side anastomosis was performed. The postoperative courses were uneventful, and the patients were promptly discharged. The follow-up, which in the first case is 4 years, showed the complete patency of the graft in each of the cases treated. Conclusions The hybrid clampless anastomosis appears to be safe and useful in cases of severe aortic calcification.
Distal biceps tendon injuries treatment: A survey of orthopaedic surgeons’ current practice and preferences
Authors: Prada Carlos , Li Zhi , Sritharan Praveen , Khan Moin , Marcano-Fernández Francesc , Al Mana Latifah , Alolabi Bashar 
Published: November 2023

Purpose Distal biceps tendon (DBT) injuries are relatively uncommon. Controversies exist regarding the best approach, leading to variations in treatment. This study aims to understand the preferences and practices of orthopedic surgeons regarding management of DBT injuries, as well as assess the feasibility of a future pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the impact of various surgical factors on patient outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional international survey was conducted amongst surgeons treating patients with DBT injuries. The survey included questions about treatment preferences, surgical techniques, case volumes, and interest in participating in a future RCT. Results Responses from 491 orthopedic surgeons from 26 countries/territories were obtained. Most surgeons had limited exposure to DBT ruptures. Variations were observed in the work-up process, with some relying solely on clinical examinations while others used diagnostic imaging. A single incision approach was the most common surgical technique, and tendon fixation with suspensory cortical buttons was frequently preferred. Most surgeons did not explore or repair the bicipital aponeurosis. Interest in participating in a future RCT varied for different surgical controversies. Conclusion This survey provides valuable insights into surgeons’ preferences and practices for DBT injury management. The study highlights the need for standardization in the work-up process and the use of evidence-based guidelines. Current practices may be influenced by factors such as training, implant availability, and costs. The survey also identified surgeons and centers interested in collaboration for future multicenter trials, allowing for equitable access to surgical collaboration opportunities and addressing the lack of evidence in DBT rupture treatment. Level of Evidence Level V, expert-opinion.
Lessons learned from “the great mimicker disease”: A retrospective study of 18 patients with scurvy
Authors: Miraj Faisal , Karda I Wayan Arya Mahendra , Abdullah Ali , Dionysios Eugene 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Scurvy is an uncommon medical condition that affects children and is caused by an inadequate intake of vitamin C. This study presents the characteristics of patients with scurvy to raise awareness of the diagnostic process in developing countries where laboratory testing for vitamin C levels is often not available. Methods: A retrospective study was performed from period of 2018 to 2023. Data extraction includes patient age, sex, body mass index, constitutional symptoms, musculoskeletal, mucosal, cutaneous symptoms, other accompanying disorders, anemia, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, radiographic examination, vitamin C dose, and duration of treatment. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed in this study. Results: Eighteen cases (17 males, 1 female) of scurvy were referred to our institution. Thirteen of 18 patients were misdiagnosed before referral. The median age at presentation was 4.5 (range, 2–11) years. The average body mass index was 13.93 ± 0.63 kg/m2. Half of patients had healthy weight. All patients presented with lower limb pain and 17 of 18 with refusal to walk. The median onset of diagnosis was 11 (range 4–48) weeks. White line of Frankel was described in all patients. Seven had anemia and 6 of 18 had increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and/or C-reactive protein levels. Only one patient had ascorbic acid levels evaluation before treatment since it was not readily available in our country. Treatment length varied from 2 weeks to 6 months. Conclusion: The diagnosis of scurvy is frequently delayed due to its extreme rarity in modern society and its ability to mimic numerous other conditions. In children presenting with limb pain and/or reluctance to walk and pathognomonic radiological findings, physicians must prioritize scurvy as a differential diagnosis. In scurvy, vitamin C supplementation is curative.
Pluralising China as Method: Decolonising cultural mediations in the global South
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Tsang Ling Tung , Tse Tommy 
Published: November 2023

The changing global landscape of imperialism, colonialism, and globalisation has urged scholars to reflect on and reexamine the lingering Eurocentric epistemology in media and cultural studies, sociology, anthropology, area studies, and other disciplines. The epistemological biases which currently exist in these academic disciplines hinder the development of a bottom-up theorisation and a thorough understanding of social and cultural phenomena. Recently, scholars in and beyond the global South have become more attentive to the inadequacy of a Eurocentric model of theorisation, and the idiosyncrasies of local societies. The rise of China, and its intensified international political, economic, and cultural exchanges with other Asian, middle-Eastern, and African countries, also make it imperative to move beyond a Eurocentric view in understanding the complexity of social and cultural dynamics within China and across the global South. Responding to this double inadequacy of Eurocentrism in terms of knowledge production in and for Asia, we build on the insightful arguments made, but also address their respective conceptual limits, in the “Asia as Method” and “trans-Asia as Method” approaches. While acknowledging Mizoguchi’s (2016) conception of “China as Method” which emphasises the empowerment of sinology, we seek to further rethink and pluralise such an existing epistemological approach to the study of media and culture in China. This double special issue brings together both reflective essays and empirical articles to examine the nuanced cross-border/cross-national cultural interactions and the intersectional dynamics of class, gender, sexuality, race and ethnicity and national/local identities. It aims to rebuild the subjectivity and redefine the agency of Asia in the post-colonial and post-imperialist world order, using what we term as a “decolonial cultural perspective”, to understand the idiosyncrasies of local societies within a seemingly homogeneous Asian country. We propose China as Method as a useful approach for all humanities and social sciences researchers to critically rethink Eurocentrism and to avoid an essentialist form of Sinocentrism in the Asian context.
‘Scars: How Our Wounds Make Us Who We Are’: Improving appearance-based stigma, conceptualisation of beauty and body esteem through a documentary
Authors: Mathews Abigail , Costa Bruna , Mikkola Aida , Harcourt Diana 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Those with an altered appearance as a result of injury, health condition or treatment can face stigma, which may contribute to adverse psychosocial outcomes. However, current research tends to focus on supporting individuals themselves to cope, rather than targeting societal stigma. This study aimed to reduce societal stigma towards this group, through the use of a documentary about people with scars. Methods 146 adults completed questionnaires before and after viewing the documentary. Results After viewing, participants had reduced self-reported intentions to behave in a stigmatising way towards those with visible differences, broader conceptualisation of beauty, and more positive body-esteem. Qualitative data also suggested further positive impacts. Conclusion Those with visible differences (for example scars) are subject to societal stigmatisation which perpetuates psychological and social problems. Therefore, alleviating social stigma through the media, as demonstrated through the documentary in this study, may improve the lives of those living with visible differences. Lay Summary People with an altered appearance or scars as a result of injury, health condition or treatment can face stigma, which may contribute to harmful psychological and social outcomes. However, current research tends to focus on supporting affected individuals themselves to cope, rather than targeting societal stigma. This study aimed to find out whether a documentary about people with scars was successful at reducing viewers’ stigma towards this group. A group of 146 adults completed questionnaires before and after viewing the documentary. After viewing, questionnaires indicated that participants had reduced intentions to behave in a stigmatising way towards those with visible differences. Furthermore, they also viewed a broader range of appearances as beautiful and felt more positive about their own bodies. Comments and feedback from participants also suggested further positive impacts. Those with visible differences (for example scars) are subject to societal stigmatisation which can cause and worsen mental health problems. Therefore, alleviating social stigma through the media, as demonstrated through the documentary in this study, may improve the lives of those living with visible differences.