bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
l-Lysine supplementation affects dietary protein quality and growth and serum amino acid concentrations in rats
Authors: Xiao Chao-Wu , Hendry Amy , Kenney Laura , Bertinato Jesse 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle amino acid (AA) supplementations in foods are increasing, however their potential nutritional and physiological impacts are not fully understood. This study examined the effects of l-lysine (Lys) supplementation on protein quality of diets, serum AA concentrations and associations between the ratio of supplemental Lys to dietary protein (X) with body weight gain (BWG) in Sprague–Dawley male rats. Rats were fed one of 10 diets containing either 7% or 20% casein and supplemented with 0% (Control), 1.5%, 3%, 6% Lys or 6% Lys + 3% l-arginine (Arg) (8 rats/diet group) for 1 week. Lys supplementation reduced the protein quality of the casein-based diets (p < 0.01). BWG was reduced by supplemental Lys when X > 0.18. Free Lys supplementation dose-dependently increased serum Lys levels (p < 0.01), while increased protein-bound Lys (1.4% vs 0.52%) had little effect on serum Lys (p > 0.05). In the 7% casein diets, ≥ 1.5% supplemental Lys reduced serum alanine, asparagine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, valine, carnitine, ornithine, and increased urea. Supplementation of ≥ 3% Lys additionally reduced tryptophan and increased histidine, methionine and α-aminoadipic acid (α-AAA) compared to the Control (p < 0.05). In the 20% casein diets, addition of ≥ 1.5% Lys reduced serum asparagine and threonine, and ≥ 3% Lys reduced leucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, and ornithine, and 6% Lys reduced carnitine, and increased histidine, methionine, and α-AAA. Overall, this study showed that free Lys supplementation in a Lys-sufficient diet reduced the protein quality of the diets and modified the serum concentrations of many amino acids. Excess free Lys intake adversely affected growth and utilization of nutrients due to AA imbalance or antagonism. Overall lower protein intake increases susceptibility to the adverse effects of Lys supplementation.
A supramolecular system mimicking the infection process of an enveloped virus through membrane fusion
Authors: Furukawa Hiroto , Kimura Yuuna , Inaba Hiroshi , Matsuura Kazunori 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMembrane fusion is an essential step for the entry of enveloped viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus, into the host cell, often triggered by the binding of membrane proteins on the viral envelope to host cell membrane. Recently, external stimuli was shown to trigger membrane fusion in an artificial system. Direct observation of artificial membrane fusion using a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV), which is similar in size to a cell, is useful as a biological model system. However, there are no model systems for studying membrane fusion of enveloped viruses with host cells. Here, we report a supramolecular model system for viral entry into a GUV or cell through membrane fusion. The system was constructed by complexing a cationic lipid bilayer on an anionic artificial viral capsid, self-assembled from viral β-annulus peptides. We demonstrate that the cationic enveloped artificial viral capsid electrostatically interacts with the anionic GUV or cell, and the capsid enters the GUV or cell through membrane fusion. The model system established in this study will be important for analyzing membrane fusion during infection of a natural virus.
Besonderheiten in der Therapie des TTF-1-negativen Adenokarzinoms der Lunge
Authors: Frost Nikolaj , Reck Martin 
Published: November 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Identifikation Biomarker-stratifizierter Behandlungen hat das Überleben eines relevanten Anteils an Patient*innen mit metastasiertem Lungenkrebs in den letzten Jahren teils erheblich verbessert. Hierzu zählen Treibermutationen und bei Treiber-negativen Tumoren die Expression des „programmed death ligand 1“ (PD-L1) hinsichtlich des Ansprechens auf eine Therapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren. Aufgrund der beim Lungenkarzinom bestehenden Korrelation zwischen PD-L1-Expression und Behandlungseffektivität kommt insbesondere bei geringer oder fehlender Expression der zusätzlich applizierten Chemotherapie eine wichtige Rolle zu. Derzeitig erhalten Patient*innen im Stadium IV mit einer PD-L1-Expression < 50 % auf den Tumorzellen eine Chemoimmuntherapie zur Erstlinienbehandlung. Hierzu stehen Pemetrexed- und Taxan-basierte Regime zur Auswahl. In retrospektiven Analysen zeigte sich bei für den thyroidalen Transkriptionsfaktor 1 (TTF-1)-negativen Patient*in ein im Vergleich zu Pemetrexed-basierter Therapie verbessertes Überleben bei Verwendung Taxan-haltiger Regime. Diese Beobachtung wird aktuell prospektiv randomisiert untersucht.
Hearing Performance in Cochlear Implant Users Who Have Facial Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Rocha Larissa Veloso , Goffi-Gomez Maria Valéria Schmidt , Hoshino Ana Cristina , Tsuji Robinson Koji , Bento Ricardo Ferreira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction Facial nerve stimulation (FNS) is a complication in cochlear implant (CI) when the electrical current escapes from the cochlea to the nearby facial nerve. Different management to reduce its effects are available, although changes might result in a less-than-ideal fitting for the CI user, eventually reducing speech perception.
Objective To verify the etiologies that cause FNS, to identify strategies in managing FNS, and to evaluate speech recognition in patients who present FNS.
Methods Retrospective study approved by the Ethical Board of the Institution. From the files of a CI group, patients who were identified with FNS either during surgery or at any time postoperatively were selected. Data collection included: CI manufacturer, electrode array type, age at implantation, etiology of hearing loss, FNS identification date, number of electrodes that generated FNS, FNS management actions, and speech recognition in quiet and in noise.
Results Data were collected from 7 children and 25 adults. Etiologies that cause FNS were cochlear malformation, head trauma, meningitis, and otosclerosis; the main actions included decrease in the stimulation levels followed by the deactivation of electrodes. Average speech recognition in quiet before FNS was 86% and 80% after in patients who were able to accomplish the test. However, there was great variability, ranging from 0% in quiet to 90% of speech recognition in noise.
Conclusion Etiologies that cause FNS are related to cochlear morphology alterations. Facial nerve stimulation can be solved using speech processor programming parameters; however, it is not possible to predict outcomes, since results depend on other variables.
Machine learning techniques for default prediction: an application to small Italian companies
Authors: Bazzana Flavio , Bee Marco , Hussin Adam Khatir Ahmed Almustfa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDefault prediction is the primary goal of credit risk management. This problem has long been tackled using well-established statistical classification models. Still, nowadays, the availability of large datasets and cheap software implementations makes it possible to employ machine learning techniques. This paper uses a large sample of small Italian companies to compare the performance of various machine learning classifiers and a more traditional logistic regression approach. In particular, we perform feature selection, use the algorithms for default prediction, evaluate their accuracy, and find a more suitable threshold as a function of sensitivity and specificity. Our outcomes suggest that machine learning is slightly better than logistic regression. However, the relatively small performance gain is insufficient to conclude that classical statistical classifiers should be abandoned, as they are characterized by more straightforward interpretation and implementation.
Legal reality or storytelling?
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Ellart Carlos Mª 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contrary to what Calderini claimed in a famous article,
engyesis cannot be found in the Greek novel, let alone
in Heliodorus of Emesa, except as a remnant of an institution that in the
Hellenistic world had lost its original meaning. Unlike the New Comedy, we
do not find the phraseology that was to be pronounced but merely slight
traces of the original terminology.
Narrative aspects of Callirhoe’s tomb
Authors: Paschalis Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chariton’s Callirhoe the heroine’s
tomb and burial receive attention unparalleled in ancient Greek novels. As
the physical manifestations of apparent death, they point either to death or
to (anticipated) “resurrection” or to both, with reference not only to
Callirhoe but also to Chaereas. Of the two major reappearances of
Callirhoe’s tomb, at Miletus and Syracuse, the former (real) reproduces and
the latter (metaphorical) inverts the initial burial. There is a prominent
association in the novel beween tomb and ship in terms of identification,
reversal, and proximity, as well as an intriguing one between tomb and
bedchamber. The narrative suggests that Callirhoe’s tomb encloses her bridal
chamber, and later the heroine becomes aware that not only was she buried
alive but carried Chaereas’ child in her womb and Chaereas’ image on her
ring. This reality will later affect the lives of both Chaereas and the
unborn child. The Appendix discusses Seneca’s Troades, Act
3, where Andromache hides her son Astyanax in Hector’s tomb, as a possibly
contemporary parallel to Callirhoe’s tomb. It also rejects the widespread
association of Jesus’ empty tomb and resurrection with Callirhoe’s empty
tomb and “resurrection”.
The home life of a heroine
Authors: Slater Niall W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within the seasonal structure of Daphnis and
Chloe, Longus’s brief portrayal of winter contrasts with
pastoral idealism elsewhere to foreground a sharper realism, especially in
the lives of the title characters. In scenes not easily paralleled in other
Greek novels, Chloe experiences realities of life for women in pastoralist
households, rendering her temporarily ἀμήχανος
(“helpless”). Winter thus disrupts the symmetries of experience for heroine
and hero. Although Daphnis initially appears more active in attempting to
overcome the separation, benevolent chance and Chloe’s newfound ability to
work within domestic constraints restore sexual symmetry and renew forward
movement of the plot.
Configuración neurocognitiva del ideal amoroso y castidad en las
protagonistas de la novela griega
Authors: García-Valero Benito 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyses the configuration of plots in
Greek novels under the basic principle of material welfare and erotic desire
as they are understood by Patrick Colm Hogan and under the notions of brain
concepts formulated by the neurobiologist Semir Zeki. As a result, this
paper considers Greek novels as an almost prototypical example of what is
known as romantic tragicomedy. The Greek version of this genre focuses on
stories of two young lovers who are forced to split their paths and
undertake adventures before they can finally reunite again at the end of the
plot, which is normally enabled by fate. In the configuration of these
characters, the Zekian concept of unity-in-love is evident. In fact,
according to Zeki, this concept is found in every culture due to biological
reasons. On the other hand, fulfilling the ideal of unity-in-love entails
the presence of moral values in these stories, like chastity or virginity,
which determine the purity of the protagonists, very often challenged during
the adventures of the heroine. These moral aspects imbue these novels with a
religious value that may imply desires of ecstasy or death, being both ways
for soothing the desire of reunion and for easing the fusion with the object
of love.
Interferogram analysis of X-pinch plasmas with a synthetic dark-field Schlieren image
Authors: Bong Seungmin , Lee Dong-Geun , Ham Seunggi , Ryu Jonghyeon , Park Sungbin , Kim Jung-Hwa , Lee Jongmin , Choi YeongHwan , Chung Kyoung-Jae , Hwang Y.S. , Ghim Y.-c. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Mach-Zehnder interferometer and dark-field Schlieren imaging systems are developed to diagnose high electron densities of the X-pinch plasmas. Interferogram analysis can be challenging due to stiff electron density gradients of the X-pinch plasmas. This stiff gradient results in complex fringe patterns which may lead to miscounted indices of the fringes, and even refraction losses. To address these challenges, the geometrical acceptance angle of the imaging system is increased to reduce the refraction losses caused by the X-pinch plasmas. This is achieved by using physically larger optics. Results show that the imaging systems can detect higher line-integrated electron densities. Additionally, to verify the reliability of interferogram analysis results, a synthetic dark-field Schlieren image generated based on the interferogram is qualitatively compared to the measured dark-field Schlieren image which is simultaneously taken with the interferogram. Practicality of the synthetic Schlieren images is examined by comparing them with the measured Schlieren images.
Accelerated Bayesian inference of plasma profiles with self-consistent MHD equilibria at W7-X via neural networks
Authors: Merlo A. , Pavone A. , Böckenhoff D. , Pasch E. , Fuchert G. , Brunner K.J. , Rahbarnia K. , Schilling J. , Höfel U. , Kwak S. , Svensson J. , Pedersen T.S. , W7-X team the 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High-β operations require a fast and robust inference of plasma parameters with a self-consistent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium. Precalculated MHD equilibria are usually employed at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) due to the high computational cost. To address this, we couple a physics-regularized
artificial neural network (NN) model that approximates the ideal-MHD equilibrium with the Bayesian
modeling framework Minerva. We show the fast and robust inference of plasma profiles (electron temperature and density) with a self-consistent MHD equilibrium approximated by the NN model. We
investigate the robustness of the inference across diverse synthetic W7-X plasma scenarios. The inferred
plasma parameters and their uncertainties are compatible with the parameters inferred using the variational moments equilibrium code (VMEC), and the inference time is reduced by more than two orders
of magnitude. This work suggests that MHD self-consistent inferences of plasma parameters can be
performed between shots.
Coupling and interface effects in MoS2/WSe2 van der Waals nanostructure
Authors: Mastour Nouha , Jemaï Mohsen , Ridene Said 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work we report the effects of the interface coupling, the effective mass, the Hartree and exchange–correlation potential on the total energy in quasi-2D MoS2/WSe2 van der Waals nanostructure. Analytical and numerical solutions of the total energy as a function of carrier density and effective mass are determined without self-consistent calculation. The calculation carefully indicates how the quasi-2D electron gas arises from the interface coupling between MoS2 and WSe2 layers. Moreover, the results showed that the width of the wave function and the length scale between the two materials’ interface decrease with increasing electron density while the corresponding ground state quantisation energy in the z-direction increases considerably. Furthermore, in MoS2 layer with density n
s = 4 × 1012 cm−2 this additional separation is approximately 2 nm and 〈z〉 = 1 nm. Due to the disparity in effective mass of electrons and holes in MoS2, the majority of the excess energy is absorbed as kinetic energy by electrons. The comparison with available experimental and DFT calculation indicates that the present work reproduces properly known results for MoS2/WSe2 interface.
An Analysis of Male Plastic Surgery Content on TikTok
Authors: Rothchild Evan , Chernovolenko Daniel , Wang Fei , Ricci Joseph A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
TikTok is a powerful and popular source of patient education. However, the lack of content regulation raises concerns about the spread of medical misinformation.

Objectives
We aimed to analyze the source, content, quality, and reliability of TikTok posts focusing on surgical and nonsurgical cosmetic treatments for men.

Methods
A search was conducted on TikTok with 16 popular hashtags related to male cosmetic procedures. The top 25 male-focused videos from each hashtag were chosen for analysis. Videos were categorized by content creator, video type, and descriptive metrics. Educational videos were evaluated for quality with the validated modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) score and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) scale. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate and linear regression models.

Results
The included 399 videos totaled 389 million views, 16.4 million likes, 174,594 comments, and 586,743 shares. Most videos were uploaded by plastic and reconstructive surgeons (38.3%). A significant number (38%) of videos by physicians were posted by international physicians, with videos by United States physicians receiving fewer views, comments, and shares than videos posted by international physicians. Patient experience was the most common video category (48.9%). Educational videos had low overall quality, with physician-created videos demonstrating higher DISCERN and PEMAT scores but lower engagement compared to nonphysician videos.

Conclusions
The quality of TikTok videos on male cosmetic surgery was generally low, emphasizing the importance of accurate information dissemination by physicians on social media. The strong presence of international physicians highlights the potential implications of social media on medical tourism.
ConSpaS: a contrastive learning framework for identifying spatial domains by integrating local and global similarities
Authors: Wu Siyao , Qiu Yushan , Cheng Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics is a rapidly growing field that aims to comprehensively characterize tissue organization and architecture at single-cell or sub-cellular resolution using spatial information. Such techniques provide a solid foundation for the mechanistic understanding of many biological processes in both health and disease that cannot be obtained using traditional technologies. Several methods have been proposed to decipher the spatial context of spots in tissue using spatial information. However, when spatial information and gene expression profiles are integrated, most methods only consider the local similarity of spatial information. As they do not consider the global semantic structure, spatial domain identification methods encounter poor or over-smoothed clusters. We developed ConSpaS, a novel node representation learning framework that precisely deciphers spatial domains by integrating local and global similarities based on graph autoencoder (GAE) and contrastive learning (CL). The GAE effectively integrates spatial information using local similarity and gene expression profiles, thereby ensuring that cluster assignment is spatially continuous. To improve the characterization of the global similarity of gene expression data, we adopt CL to consider the global semantic information. We propose an augmentation-free mechanism to construct global positive samples and use a semi-easy sampling strategy to define negative samples. We validated ConSpaS on multiple tissue types and technology platforms by comparing it with existing typical methods. The experimental results confirmed that ConSpaS effectively improved the identification accuracy of spatial domains with biologically meaningful spatial patterns, and denoised gene expression data while maintaining the spatial expression pattern. Furthermore, our proposed method better depicted the spatial trajectory by integrating local and global similarities.
The prefrontal cortex: from monkey to man
Authors: Levy Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is so important to human beings that, if deprived of it, our behaviour is reduced to action-reactions and automatisms, with no ability to make deliberate decisions. Why does the prefrontal cortex hold such importance in humans? In answer, this review draws on the proximity between humans and other primates, which enables us, through comparative anatomical-functional analysis, to understand the cognitive functions we have in common and specify those that distinguish humans from their closest cousins.
First, a focus on the lateral region of the prefrontal cortex illustrates the existence of a continuum between rhesus monkeys (the most studied primates in neuroscience) and humans for most of the major cognitive functions in which this region of the brain plays a central role. This continuum involves the presence of elementary mental operations in the rhesus monkey (e.g. working memory or response inhibition) that are constitutive of ‘macro-functions’ such as planning, problem-solving and even language production.
Second, the human prefrontal cortex has developed dramatically compared to that of other primates. This increase seems to concern the most anterior part (the frontopolar cortex). In humans, the development of the most anterior prefrontal cortex is associated with three major and interrelated cognitive changes: (i) a greater working memory capacity, allowing for greater integration of past experiences and prospective futures; (ii) a greater capacity to link discontinuous or distant data, whether temporal or semantic; and (iii) a greater capacity for abstraction, allowing humans to classify knowledge in different ways, to engage in analogical reasoning or to acquire abstract values that give rise to our beliefs and morals. Together, these new skills enable us, among other things, to develop highly sophisticated social interactions based on language, enabling us to conceive beliefs and moral judgements and to conceptualize, create and extend our vision of our environment beyond what we can physically grasp. Finally, a model of the transition of prefrontal functions between humans and non-human primates concludes this review.
Derivatization-Based Novel Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Gymnemic Acid and Resveratrol in Antidiabetic Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Joshi Dhruv , Kothari Charmy , Patel Nrupesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Herbal medicine is widely used for the treatment and prevention of various ailments, highlighting the importance of ensuring its consistency and quality. This research focuses on the simultaneous detection of Gymnemic acid (GYM) and Resveratrol (RES) in an antidiabetic polyherbal formulation as no reported method exists for their simultaneously detection. The objective of this study is to develop and validate novel derivatization-based spectrometric and HPTLC methods for the simultaneous determination of GYM and RES. The spectrophotometric method involved derivatization of GYM with benzoyl chloride, followed by measurement of absorbance at 349 nm an isoabsorptive point. The HPTLC method utilized post derivatization with vanillin-sulfuric acid, and its separation was achieved on pre-coated silica gel 60GF254 using chloroform:methanol:glacial acetic acid (13:4:0.1, v/v/v) as mobile phase and estimated at 575 nm. The developed method exhibits linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, specificity and robustness in accordance with the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The percent assay of GYM and RES in the marketed capsule formulation was statistically compared using an unpaired t-test, resulting in a range of 99.51–102.65%. These indicate no significant difference between the proposed method and the marketed formulation. Therefore, both novel methods can be interchangeably used for quality control of GYM and RES in polyherbal formulations.