bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal febrile illnesses, medication use, and the risk of congenital renal anomalies
Authors: Abe Karon , Honein Margaret A. , Moore Cynthia A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDRenal anomalies occur in about three infants per 1000 live births and have been associated with several environmental risk factors. Researchers have yet to assess the effect of maternal febrile illnesses on renal anomalies, even though febrile illnesses have been associated with other birth defects. Our objective was to determine whether maternal illness, fever, or medication use during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with the occurrence of renal anomalies.METHODSIn this population‐based case‐control study, we evaluated 192 infants with renal anomalies (renal agenesis [n = 44], obstructive defects [n = 134], and renal duplication defects [n = 14]) and 3029 infant without birth defects, all of whom were born in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, from 1968 through 1980. Maternal illness was defined as reported flu‐like illness and/or episodic illness during the first trimester.RESULTSOur adjusted multivariate analyses showed that among the 192 case‐infants, 38 had mothers with an illness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–2.52), 20 had mothers who reported a fever (AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.07–3.02) and 26 had mothers who reported taking medication (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.07–2.68). Fifteen mothers reported a fever and medication use (AOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.05–3.45). Nonprescription aspirin‐containing medication use showed the strongest association (AOR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.36–8.75) with renal anomalies.CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that maternal exposure to illness, fever, and medication (particularly aspirin) may increase the risk of congenital renal anomalies. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of decision trees using fuzzy partitions
Authors: Myles A. J. , Brown S. D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA new method for the induction of fuzzy decision trees is introduced. The fuzzy decision tree classifier improves prediction accuracy using smaller models by locating more robust splitting regions. The proposed method also provides a measure of confidence for sample classification by propagating partition memberships into all leaf nodes, thereby relaxing local subspace restrictions. The fuzzy decision tree algorithm is presented and compared against standard and bagged decision tree classifiers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical multivariate analysis of cockle phenomena
Authors: Stefanov Zdravko I. , Hoo Karlene A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe phenomena called cockle are small wrinkles on the paper surface that appear during paper production. This condition poses significant economic and operability problems in the production of magazine paper, as it deteriorates the printabilty of the paper. There are many and varied sources that can lead to cockle, and their detection is often very complicated. In this work a multivariate hierarchical approach is proposed to analyze the cause of cockle. The hierarchy has two levels, the first of which is a three‐way decomposition and analysis of the data collected from sections of a paper machine. The second level is a two‐way decomposition and analysis between the combined loadings from the three‐way decomposition and the measured cockle data. The results show that this approach is capable of identifying the important process sections and process variables, in spite of the large dimensionality of the problem. Data analyzed from two real industrial paper machines, involving several grades of paper, are used to demonstrate the proposed hierarchical approach. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FETs for high‐power applications
Authors: Kuzuhara Masaaki , Ando Yuji , Inoue Takashi , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Kasahara Kensuke , Nakayama Tatsuo , Miyamoto Hironobu 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGaN and its heterojunction structures are attracting considerable attention as materials for high‐voltage, high‐frequency power device applications. This paper gives an overview of the basic device structure, process technology, and recent device performance achieved with AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FET structures. The emphasis is on the performance of power amplifiers developed for use in cellular base station transmitters and pseudo‐millimeter‐wave wireless access systems. Future research topics and prospects of nitride‐based transistors are also discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(12): 52–60, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10161
Numerical analysis for three‐dimensional optical waveguides with periodic structure using Fourier series expansion method
Authors: Miyamoto Tokuo , Momoda Michiko , Yasumoto Kiyotoshi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThree‐dimensional optical waveguides with an arbitrary cross section and a periodic configuration have been important as optical IC elements. However, it is not always easy to obtain highly accurate solutions for them without respect to the number of periods. In this paper, the Fourier series expansion method, improved for accurate numerical analysis independently of the number of periods introducing Floquet's theorem, is applied to a fiber grating and various thin‐film optical waveguides with index‐modulation‐type periodic structures and rectangular cross sections. The wavelength characteristics of the transmitted and reflected powers of the guided mode and the radiation field are derived at each period (40 to 1000). As a result, the wavelength characteristics of the power are made clear for periodic optical waveguides of embedded type and raised type with a glass or semiconductor substrate, including inhomogeneous cases. The algorithm thus proves to be useful for detailed analysis of various three‐dimensional periodic optical waveguides. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(12): 22–31, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10171
Examinations of linearity characteristics of resistive digitizer with parallel electrodes
Authors: Kanagawa Makoto , Suzuki Ikuo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe linearity characteristics of a resistive film pressure‐sensitive digitizer with parallel electrodes are theoretically studied. Three typical methods for sensing the two‐dimensional coordinates by a digitizer with a bar‐shaped electrode are analyzed. The linearity between the detected voltage or detected current and the pressure point coordinates is studied theoretically. Further, the characteristics are studied for an approximate realization of the bar electrode with a series of point electrodes. In both the methods of coordinate sensing by the potential slope and by current division, the characteristics of the entire digitizer surface are shown to be expressed by a periodic extension of the characteristics of the two‐point electrode model. Finally, based on the two‐point electrode model, the relationship between the aspect ratio of the resistive film and the distortion in the linearity characteristics is found. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(12): 10–21, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10176
Adiabatic switching by quasistatic operation of single‐electron‐tunneling devices
Authors: Akazawa Masamichi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper presents the possibility of an adiabatic switching operation that is lossless, with zero power consumption, in the limit of a quasistatic operation of a single‐electron device. Usually, in a switching device represented by a transistor, there exists a threshold. Since an abrupt energy dissipation accompanies crossing of the threshold, there is a limitation in the reduction of power consumption by quasistatic operation. However, in an appropriately designed single‐electron device, switching without an abrupt energy dissipation is possible by a quasistatic voltage change. In this paper, in regard to the quasistatic operation of a single‐electron device, the power consumption characteristics are estimated numerically. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(12): 1–9, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10177
Automated annotation of significant scenes based on structure of broadcast sports video
Authors: Nitta Naoko , Babaguchi Noboru , Kitahashi Tadahiro 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFor broadcast sports video, the authors attempted automatic generation of semantic annotations for parts that seem important from the viewpoint of story, in accordance with the composition of the video and the game. First, the parts of a sports video which seem significant in the progress of the game are extracted from the closed caption text stream by keyword sequence search. The information concerning the play and the player in each part is extracted and the annotation is generated. Then, in order to determine the position in the video to which the annotation should be attached, the video is partitioned by similarly extracting the game‐progress part by matching to the image stream. Finally, by establishing the time synchronization of the two streams, the generated annotation is attached to the video. An experiment was performed in which the method was applied to videos of American football games, as an example of sports videos. Automatic annotation was achieved accurately for the game‐progress part with a reproduction rate of 75% and a match rate of 90%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(12): 69–78, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10206
'Everything is relative': Comparison processes in social judgment The 2002 Jaspars Lecture
Authors: Mussweiler Thomas 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAny judgment involves a comparison of the evaluated target to a pertinent norm or standard, so that comparison processes lie at the core of human judgment. Despite this prominent role, however, little is known about the psychological mechanisms that underlie comparisons and produce their variable consequences. To understand these consequences, one has to examine what target knowledge is sought and activated during the comparison process. Two alternative comparison mechanisms are distinguished. Similarity testing involves a selective search for evidence indicating that the target is similar to the standard and leads to assimilation. Dissimilarity testing involves a selective search for evidence indicating that the target is dissimilar from the standard and leads to contrast. Distinguishing between these alternative mechanisms provides an integrative perspective on comparison consequences in the realm of social comparison and beyond. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional prejudice, essentialism, and nationalism The 2002 Tajfel lecture
Authors: Leyens Jacques‐Philippe , Cortes Brezo , Demoulin Stéphanie , Dovidio John F. , Fiske Susan T. , Gaunt Ruth , Paladino Maria‐Paola , Rodriguez‐Perez Armando , Rodriguez‐Torres Ramon , Vaes Jeroen 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn explaining differences between groups, people ascribe the human essence to their ingroup and consider outgroups as less human. This phenomenon, called infra‐humanization, occurs outside people's awareness. Because secondary emotions (e.g. love, hope, contempt, resentment) are considered uniquely human emotions, people not only attribute more secondary emotions to their ingroup than to outgroups, but are reluctant to associate these emotions with outgroups. Moreover, people behave less cooperatively (in terms of altruism, imitation, and approach) with an outgroup member who expresses himself through secondary emotions. Infra‐humanization occurs for high and low status groups, even in the absence of conflict between groups. It does not occur when the outgroup target is adequately individualized, by a complete name or through perspective taking, for instance. The differential familiarity with the ingroup and the outgroup cannot explain infra‐humanization. Yet, preliminary results show that subjective essentialism and ingroup identification may mediate the effects of infra‐humanization. A connection is made between nationalism and infra‐humanization. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining credit default swap premia
Authors: Benkert Christoph 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis article proposes a simple approach for explaining credit default swap premia. Specifically, it
investigates the effects of historical and option‐implied equity volatility on credit default swap premia,
thus extending an idea proposed by Campbell and Taksler (in press) in the
context of corporate bond yields. Using panel data of credit default swaps on 120 international firms from 1999 to
mid‐2002, it becomes evident that option‐implied volatility is a more important factor in explaining
variation in credit default swap premia than historical volatility. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut
Mark 24:71–92, 2004
Language impairment in dementia: impact on symptoms and care needs in residential homes
Authors: Potkins Dawn , Myint Pat , Bannister Carol , Tadros George , Chithramohan Ramilgan , Swann Alan , O'Brien John , Fossey Jane , George Eugenie , Ballard Clive , Margallo‐Lana Marisa 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundImpairment of language skills affects the level of functioning of an individual, interferes with effective communication and can result in development of disruptive behaviour. Social skills and capacity for self care may be compromised. Few studies have evaluated the impact of language problems on symptoms and socialization in people with dementia in care environments.Method315 elderly residents with dementia (29% living in nursing homes, 71% in social care facilities) were assessed using standardized psychiatric schedules including the Sheffield Screening Test for Acquired Language Disorders and Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Dementia Care Mapping was undertaken at random in at least 50% of residents in each facility.ResultsExpressive language impairment was associated with the presence of delusions even when severity of dementia was controlled for (p=0.02) and showed a tendency of association with depression (p=0.06). Receptive language difficulties were strongly associated with presence of Aberrant Motor Behaviour, even controlling for severity of dementia (p=0.04). Decreased participation in social activities was correlated with both expressive (p=0.048) and receptive aspects of language (p<0.01) but social withdrawal was only correlated with receptive language difficulties (p=0.01).ConclusionLanguage disorders are associated with both behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia even when severity of dementia is controlled for. Patients' needs in communication skills should be addressed earlier to help them maintain social interactions and reduce the impact on behavioural problems and patients' quality of life. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family carers' responses to behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Ward Sandy , Opie Janet , O'Connor Daniel W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the responses of family carers to the behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia.MethodsThirty family carers of people with dementia were identified in a survey of mental disorder in general practice. Another 20 were referred by local aged mental health services. Carers were interviewed using the Manchester and Oxford University Scale for the Psychopathological Assessment of Dementia (MOUSEPAD) which rates behavioural and psychological disturbances. Carers' customary responses to current symptoms were recorded verbatim and categorised using a structured typology.ResultsSymptom frequency increased in line with dementia severity. Disturbances were generally well tolerated. Most were ignored where possible, except for wandering from home. Other common responses included avoiding triggers, providing reassurance, reality orientation, diversion, and collusion with false beliefs. Restrictive or punitive responses were uncommon.ConclusionsFew carers articulated clear strategies to deal with behavioural and psychological symptoms. For most, tolerance proved more effective and less distressing than arguments and reprimands. Carers' responses are likely to be influenced by social and cultural factors and may differ in other settings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rey verbal learning test is a useful tool for differential diagnosis in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease: comparison with mild cognitive impairment and normal aging
Authors: Estévez‐González Armando , Kulisevsky Jaime , Boltes Anunciación , Otermín Pilar , García‐Sánchez Carmen 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo confirm that performance in verbal learning and memory test (Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test‐RAVLT) is a helpful early neuropsychological marker of dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT).MethodsRAVLT was administered as part of a more extensive neuropsychological battery at baseline evaluation in 116 unselected patients referred by subjective memory complaints (SMC). Patients were followed longitudinally for 2 years (average interval of 27.7±4 months). Seventy patients were included in the study: 27 developed probable DAT; 17 were diagnosed as cognitively normal persons and 26 were diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Remaining patients abandoned or they did not meet the criteria for DAT, MCI or control. Performance on RAVLT at the baseline evaluation was compared between groups.ResultsPatients diagnosed two years later with probable DAT showed lower results, more frequently performed a score of zero at the delayed recall test (Trial 6) and had a percentage of forgetting (difference between Trials 5 and 6) higher than 75%. Score at delayed recall test and percentage of forgetting correlated with functional scales such as MMSE, Geriatric Depression Screening, Informant Questionnaire and Blessed's Dementia Rating.ConclusionsRAVLT could help to identify those patients with SMC who would progress to DAT over a few years, and also to differentiate between the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and normal aging. A score of zero at the delayed recall test or a percentage of forgetting ≥75% in patients with SMC is suggestive of probable DAT in the future. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge about symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: correlates and relationship to help‐seeking behavior
Authors: Werner Perla 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess relationships between knowledge about symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and help seeking intention among the lay public.Design, setting and participantsA convenience sample of 150 community‐dwelling persons aged over 45, who did not have a close relative diagnosed with AD, participated in the study.MeasuresKnowledge about 11 warning signs of AD as described in the information provided by the Alzheimer's Association, and four non‐AD symptoms was assessed, together with intentions to seek help from professional and non‐professional sources. Background characteristics included socio‐demographic characteristics, personal experience with AD, and perceived threat.ResultsAlthough participants' knowledge about AD symptoms overall was fair, only a slight percentage reported memory problems to be symptoms of the disease. Participants differentiated between AD warning and non‐warning signs. Older participants reported consistently more AD and non‐AD symptoms, while higher concerns about developing the disease was associated with reporting more non‐AD symptoms. Higher knowledge about AD symptoms was associated with increased intentions to seek help from professional sources.ConclusionsEfforts to increase knowledge about AD symptoms should be expanded, with special attention to risk groups. Improved recognition of AD symptoms will promote adequate help‐seeking behaviors and will increase early identification and treatment of AD. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basal ganglia calcification and psychotic symptoms in the very old
Authors: Östling Svante , Andreasson Lars Arne , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundBasal ganglia calcification (BGC) is associated with psychotic symptoms in young and middle‐aged patient samples.MethodsWe studied the cross‐sectional relationship between psychotic symptoms and BGC in a population sample of non‐demented 85‐year‐olds, of whom 86 were mentally healthy, 11 had hallucinations or delusions, 21 had mood disorders and 20 had anxiety disorders. BGC was measured using computerized tomography (CT). Mental disorders were diagnosed using DSM‐III‐R criteria and psychotic symptoms were evaluated using information from psychiatric examinations, key‐informant interviews and review medical records.ResultsBGC on CT was observed in 19% of mentally healthy and 64% of non‐demented individuals with hallucinations or delusions [Odds Ratio (OR) 7.7, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 2.9–29.7, p=0.003]. There were no associations between BGC and mood or anxiety disorders.ConclusionsBGC is strongly associated with psychotic symptoms in very old age, possibly due to a disturbance in the basal ganglia dopaminergic system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Both high and low levels of blood vitamin D are associated with a higher prostate cancer risk: A longitudinal, nested case‐control study in the Nordic countries
Authors: Tuohimaa Pentti , Tenkanen Leena , Ahonen Merja , Lumme Sonja , Jellum Egil , Hallmans Göran , Stattin Pär , Harvei Sverre , Hakulinen Timo , Luostarinen Tapio , Dillner Joakim , Lehtinen Matti , Hakama Matti 
Published: November 2003

AbstractVitamin D inhibits the development and growth of prostate cancer cells. Epidemiologic results on serum vitamin D levels and prostate cancer risk have, however, been inconsistent. We conducted a longitudinal nested case‐control study on Nordic men (Norway, Finland and Sweden) using serum banks of 200,000 samples. We studied serum 25(OH)‐vitamin D levels of 622 prostate cancer cases and 1,451 matched controls and found that both low (≤19 nmol/l) and high (≥80 nmol/l) 25(OH)‐vitamin D serum concentrations are associated with higher prostate cancer risk. The normal average serum concentration of 25(OH)‐vitamin D (40–60 nmol/l) comprises the lowest risk of prostate cancer. The U‐shaped risk of prostate cancer might be due to similar 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 availability within the prostate: low vitamin D serum concentration apparently leads to a low tissue concentration and to weakened mitotic control of target cells, whereas a high vitamin D level might lead to vitamin D resistance through increased inactivation by enhanced expression of 24‐hydroxylase. It is recommended that vitamin D deficiency be supplemented, but too high vitamin D serum level might also enhance cancer development. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.