bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family-Centered Prevention to Reduce Discrimination-Related Depressive Symptoms Among Black Adolescents
Authors: Kogan Steven M. , Kwon Elizabeth , Brody Gene H. , Azarmehr Rabeeh , Reck Ava J. , Anderson Tracy , Sperr Megan 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceRacial discrimination undermines the mental health of Black adolescents. Preventive interventions that can attenuate the effects of exposure to racial discrimination are needed.ObjectiveTo investigate whether participation in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program moderates Black adolescents’ depressive symptoms associated with experience of racial discrimination.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis secondary analysis used data from a community-based randomized clinical trial of SAAF (SAAF vs no treatment control). Participants were followed up at 10, 22, and 34 months after the baseline assessment. Assessment staff were blind to participant condition. Participants in this trial lived in 7 rural counties in Georgia. SAAF was delivered at local community centers. Eligible families had a child aged 11 to 12 years who self-identified as African American or Black. The joint influence of random assignment to SAAF and exposure to racial discrimination was investigated. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to March 2023.InterventionSAAF is a 7-session (14 hours) family skills training intervention that occurs over 7 weeks. Small groups of caregivers and their adolescents participate in a structured curriculum targeting effective parenting behavior, adolescent self-regulation, and Black pride.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was adolescent-reported depressive symptoms, assessed at 34 months via the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children.ResultsOf 825 families screened randomly from public school lists, 472 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 11.6 years; 240 [50.8%] female) were enrolled and randomized to SAAF (252 participants) or a no treatment control (220 participants). Exposure to racial discrimination at age 13 years was associated with increased depressive symptoms at age 14 years (β = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.34; P &amp;lt; .001). Interaction analyses indicated that the experimental condition significantly moderated the association of racial discrimination with depressive symptoms: (β = −0.27; 95% CI, −0.47 to −0.08; P = .005). Probing the interaction with simple slopes at ±SD revealed that for the control group, racial discrimination was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.54; P &amp;lt; .001), while for the SAAF group, there was no association between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms (β = 0.12; P = .09).Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial found that the SAAF intervention reduced the incidence of racism-associated mental health symptoms among Black adolescents. SAAF is recommended for dissemination to health care practitioners working with rural Black adolescents.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03590132
Changes in Characteristics of Patients Initiating and Discontinuing Advanced Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis Following the Release of Safety Data
Authors: Song Stephanie , England Bryant R. , Sauer Brian , George Michael D. , Riley Thomas R. , Wallace Beth , Cannon Grant W. , Mikuls Ted R. , Baker Joshua F. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the impact of emerging safety data on practice patterns by describing the characteristics of patients initiating and discontinuing advanced therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before and after January 2021.MethodsThis cohort study evaluated US veterans with RA between April 2019 and September 2022. This period was divided into two 664‐day periods before and after January 2021. Eligible patients had ≥1 diagnosis code for RA and initiated a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi), non‐TNFi biologic, or JAK inhibitor (JAKi). We tested for interaction within regression models to determine whether changes in patient characteristics for tofacitinib recipients were different from changes observed for other therapies. We also evaluated factors associated with therapy discontinuation in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, and duration on therapy, including assessment for effect modification.ResultsWhen comparing patients with RA initiating tofacitinib before (n = 2,111) with those initiating tofacitinib after (n = 1,664) January 2021, there was a decrease in mean age (64.1 vs 63.0 years) and in the proportion with cardiovascular comorbidities (all P < 0.01). These changes were significantly different from those observed for patients initiating TNFi or non‐TNFi biologics. Among active advanced therapy recipients, the likelihood of discontinuation was higher for tofacitinib than TNFi (hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.26, P < 0.001). The higher rate of tofacitinib discontinuation was more pronounced in the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities (P < 0.05).ConclusionRecent safety data significantly affected prescribing practices for advanced therapies, with a reduction in JAKi initiation and an increase in JAKi discontinuation among older patients and those at high cardiovascular risk.image
Design of an Artificial Peptide Inspired by Transmembrane Mitochondrial Protein for Escorting Exogenous DNA into the Mitochondria to Restore their Functions by Simultaneous Multiple Gene Expression
Authors: Yoshinaga Naoto , Miyamoto Takaaki , Odahara Masaki , Takeda‐Kamiya Noriko , Toyooka Kiminori , Nara Seia , Nishimura Haruna , Ling Feng , Su'etsugu Masayuki , Yoshida Minoru , Numata Keiji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMitochondria are vital organelles regulating essential cellular functions. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) consists of 37 genes, 13 of which encode mitochondrial proteins, and the remaining 24 genes encode two ribosomal RNAs and 22 transfer RNAs needed for the translation of the mtDNA‐encoded 13 proteins. However, mtDNA often impairs the expression and function of these genes due to various mutations, ultimately causing mitochondrial dysfunction. To recover from this desperate condition, developing the technology to supply all mitochondrial proteins encoded by mtDNA at once is an urgent task, but there is no established strategy for this purpose. In this study, a simple yet effective mitochondrial gene delivery system is proposed comprising an artificial peptide inspired by a transmembrane mitochondrial membrane protein. The designed mitochondria‐targeting peptides presented on the carrier surface effectively guide the encapsulated plasmid to the mitochondria, facilitating mitochondrial uptake and gene expression. The developed system successfully delivers exogenous mtDNA to mtDNA‐depleted cells and leads to simultaneous multigene expression, ultimately restoring mitochondrial functions, including the mitochondrial respiration rate. The established multiple gene expression system in each mitochondrion is a game‐changing technology that can accelerate the development of mitochondrial engineering technologies as well as clinical applications for mitochondrial diseases.
Design of Sustainable Self‐Healing Phase Change Materials by Dynamic Semi‐Interpenetrating Network Structure
Authors: Wei Zhengkai , Liao Yansheng , Liu Tianren , Yuan Anqian , Wu Xudong , Jiang Liang , Lei Jingxin , Fu Xiaowei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe design of sustainable self‐healing phase change materials (SHPCMs) remains challenging depending on sustainable fatty alcohols without compromising high enthalpy efficiency. Herein, the semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN)‐based SHPCMs are developed by introducing dynamic disulfide crosslinking polyurethane networks and sustainable fatty alcohols as phase change components in a semi‐IPN structure, enabling the combination of ultrahigh enthalpy efficiency of ≈100% and excellent self‐healing ability with 99% of mechanical stain healing efficiency. The latent heat (61.6–144.3 J g−1) and phase change temperature (29.2–64.2 °C) can be readily adjusted by the type and content of fatty alcohols in SHPCMs. The SHPCMs present high thermal reliability, thermal and shape stability, and solid‐like rheological properties benefiting from the advantage of the semi‐IPN structure. The SHPCMs are endowed with tunable mechanical stress (1.23–6.16 MPa) and strain (5.77–379.48%). More importantly, the SHPCMs can be nearly completely self‐healed after thermal stimulus, complying with the Arrhenius model, with a low activation energy of 33.831 kJ mol−1. This innovative strategy opens new avenues for preparing efficient and durable thermal energy storage materials with high enthalpy efficiency, self‐healing ability, and sustainable phase change components, broadening their potential applications.
Natural Products Derived Porous Carbons for CO2 Capture
Authors: Khosrowshahi Mobin Safarzadeh , Mashhadimoslem Hossein , Shayesteh Hadi , Singh Gurwinder , Khakpour Elnaz , Guan Xinwei , Rahimi Mohammad , Maleki Farid , Kumar Prashant , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs it is now established that global warming and climate change are a reality, international investments are pouring in and rightfully so for climate change mitigation. Carbon capture and separation (CCS) is therefore gaining paramount importance as it is considered one of the powerful solutions for global warming. Sorption on porous materials is a promising alternative to traditional carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technologies. Owing to their sustainable availability, economic viability, and important recyclability, natural products‐derived porous carbons have emerged as favorable and competitive materials for CO2 sorption. Furthermore, the fabrication of high‐quality value‐added functional porous carbon‐based materials using renewable precursors and waste materials is an environmentally friendly approach. This review provides crucial insights and analyses to enhance the understanding of the application of porous carbons in CO2 capture. Various methods for the synthesis of porous carbon, their structural characterization, and parameters that influence their sorption properties are discussed. The review also delves into the utilization of molecular dynamics (MD), Monte Carlo (MC), density functional theory (DFT), and machine learning techniques for simulating adsorption and validating experimental results. Lastly, the review provides future outlook and research directions for progressing the use of natural products‐derived porous carbons for CO2 capture.
Light‐up the white light emission in microscale with a superior deep‐blue AIE fiber as wave‐guiding source
Authors: Rao Hao , Liu Zicheng , Chen Ming , Zheng Canze , Xu Liping , Liu Junkai , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Li Baojun , Yang Xianguang , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of high‐performance organic blue light‐emitting emitters is in urgent to act as an excitation source to contribute the white light generation. On the other hand, the investigation on optical waveguides have been received increasing attentions because they can manipulate the light propagation accurately in the microscale to boost the optoelectronic and energy conversion applications. In this work, we facilely prepared a deep‐blue aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) dye, namely TPP‐4OMe, which shows high luminescent efficiency, narrow emission band and good stability in the aggregate state. TPP‐4OMe can be fabricated as deep‐blue AIE microfibers readily with definite morphology and composition. Based on the AIE microfibers, the active waveguide to transmit deep‐blue emission signals can be achieved with a very low optical loss coefficient (α) of 6.7 × 10−3 dB μm−1. Meanwhile, the full‐visible broadband low‐loss passive waveguide can be well performed with these AIE microfibers, which has never been observed in the pure organic crystals. More interestingly, the excellent properties of AIE microfibers enable them to act as a wave‐guiding excitation source, resulting in a distinct and pure white light emission. The present work not only provides excellent blue light‐emitting materials but also bridges the waveguide to realize the efficient white light emission to accelerate the practical applications.
Recent Advances in Designing Colorimetric Probes for Nitrite Ions
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Dey Nilanjan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNitrite (NO2−) is an anionic species that holds paramount significance in cellular signalling pathways and have crucial physiological functions. Nevertheless, an excessive accumulation of nitrite ions can induce detrimental effects, including intrauterine growth restriction, birth abnormalities, and methemoglobinemia. Thus, quantitative detection of nitrite ions for in vivo and invitro studies is very important. This review presents a comprehensive overview of colorimetric techniques employed for the detection of nitrite ions. Various methodologies have been developed, encompassing diazo reaction‐based sensing, nitrosation reaction‐based sensing, redox reaction‐based sensing, non‐covalent interaction‐based sensing, and other approaches. Each method will be systematically discussed and critically evaluated in the context of this review.
Chemical Proteomic Discovery of Isotype‐Selective Covalent Inhibitors of the RNA Methyltransferase NSUN2
Authors: Tao Yongfeng , Felber Jan G. , Zou Zhongyu , Njomen Evert , Remsberg Jarrett R. , Ogasawara Daisuke , Ye Chang , Melillo Bruno , Schreiber Stuart L. , He Chuan , Remillard David , Cravatt Benjamin F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract5‐Methylcytosine (m5C) is an RNA modification prevalent on tRNAs, where it can protect tRNAs from endonucleolytic cleavage to maintain protein synthesis. The NSUN family (NSUN1‐7 in humans) of RNA methyltransferases are capable of installing the methyl group onto the C5 position of cytosines in RNA. NSUNs are implicated in a wide range of (patho)physiological processes, but selective and cell‐active inhibitors of these enzymes are lacking. Here, we use cysteine‐directed activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) to discover azetidine acrylamides that act as stereoselective covalent inhibitors of human NSUN2. Despite targeting a conserved catalytic cysteine in the NSUN family, the NSUN2 inhibitors show negligible cross‐reactivity with other human NSUNs and exhibit good proteome‐wide selectivity. We verify that the azetidine acrylamides inhibit the catalytic activity of recombinant NSUN2, but not NSUN6, and demonstrate that these compounds stereoselectively disrupt NSUN2‐tRNA interactions in cancer cells, leading to a global reduction in tRNA m5C content. Our findings thus highlight the potential to create isotype‐selective and cell‐active inhibitors of NSUN2 with covalent chemistry targeting a conserved catalytic cysteine.
Rapid Charge Transfer Endowed by Interfacial Ni‐O Bonding in S‐scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 and Imine Production
Authors: He Bowen , Xiao Peng , Wan Sijie , Zhang Jianjun , Chen Tao , Zhang Liuyang , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCooperative coupling of H2 evolution with oxidative organic synthesis is promising in avoiding the use of sacrificial agents and producing hydrogen energy with value‐added chemicals simultaneously. Nonetheless, the photocatalytic activity is obstructed by sluggish electron‐hole separation and limited redox potentials. Herein, Ni‐doped Zn0.2Cd0.8S quantum dots are chosen after screening by DFT simulation to couple with TiO2 microspheres, forming a step‐scheme heterojunction. The Ni‐doped configuration tunes the highly active S site for augmented H2 evolution, and the interfacial Ni−O bonds provide fast channels at the atomic level to lower the energy barrier for charge transfer. Also, DFT calculations reveal an enhanced built‐in electric field in the heterojunction for superior charge migration and separation. Kinetic analysis by femtosecond transient absorption spectra demonstrates that expedited charge migration with electrons first transfer to Ni2+ and then to S sites. Therefore, the designed catalyst delivers drastically elevated H2 yield (4.55 mmol g−1 h−1) and N‐benzylidenebenzylamine production rate (3.35 mmol g−1 h−1). This work provides atomic‐scale insights into the coordinated modulation of active sites and built‐in electric fields in step‐scheme heterojunction for ameliorative photocatalytic performance.
A multi‐element flame retardant for rail transit to improve the flame retardant performance of epoxy resin while reducing smoke density
Authors: Cai Haopeng , Huang Wanyu , Li Bolun , Gao Lihua , Huang Xin , Mao Yangwen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA P/N/Si structure flame retardant DTBD was successfully synthesized by 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid, 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), triphenylsilanol, and benzaldehyde. The chemical structure of DTBD was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, which showed that DTBD was successfully synthesized. By analyzing the curing behavior, the addition of DTBD promoted the curing of epoxy resin (EP). According to the limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 vertical combustion tests, it can be shown that the introduction of DTBD makes the epoxy resin have good self‐extinguishing properties. Py‐GC/MS analysis showed that the phosphorus free radicals and ammonia generated in the gas phase of DTBD could quench and dilute by capturing reactive free radicals and refractory gases. DTBD could improve the tensile and flexural properties of epoxy resin. According to the European flame retardant standard EN45545‐2, the Ds of EP‐15 and EP‐20 obtained HL1 grade. With the increase in DTBD content, the VOF4 of modified EP also gradually decreased, and both EP‐15 and EP‐20 obtained HL2 grade.
Hamilton's Proactive Leak Detection Improves Infrastructure and Water Quality
Authors: Alberton Dave , Sbranchella Mike 
Published: November 2023

Key TakeawaysHamilton, Ont., has an older, elaborate water distribution system, with high levels of nonrevenue water (NRW).The city was determined to reduce its NRW, so it conducted a leak detection pilot study to explore advanced technologies that could improve detection efforts.With a 95.6% accuracy rate from the pilot test results, the city implemented a full‐scale, proactive leak detection program.
A Utility Decision Tree for Cyanotoxin Treatment With Powdered Activated Carbon
Authors: Walke Divyani , Cutright Teresa , Glowczewski Jessica M. , Lacy Charles P. 
Published: November 2023

Key TakeawaysThe effectiveness of powdered activated carbon (PAC) at removing cyanotoxins depends on the specific toxin(s), water pH, and PAC source.A study showed that wood–lignite PAC adsorbed more cyanotoxin than bituminous coal–based PAC, and cyanotoxin removal was more effective at a higher pH.In this study, removal costs decreased as toxin concentration increased, and saxitoxin removal was less expensive when it was present with microcystin‐LR.A decision tree that balances treatment costs with toxin removal efficiency was developed to help water utilities.
Water Quality Monitoring Using Particle Analysis
Authors: Adams Hunter , Barrowman Polly , Southard Mark , Appleton Emily , Reeder Sam , Nix Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Key TakeawaysRegular monitoring of particle concentration in conjunction with turbidity analysis provides supplementary data that can provide important water quality information.Particle analysis using flow imaging microscopy (FIM) can help operators better understand various treatment processes and algae growth in source waters.Specific size ranges can be monitored using FIM for target pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
Anxiety, depression symptoms, and psychological resilience among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in isolation: A study from Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Li , Wang Zhenmeng , Liu Dan , He Dandan , Du Shulin , Li Zezhi , Li Shuyun , Sheng Yuehong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the status of anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience among individuals with COVID‐19, and their interrelationships to provide a scientific basis for developing psychological intervention strategies for these patients.MethodsA total of 126 patients with COVID‐19 who were admitted to Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital were recruited in this study. A comprehensive survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire, the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale, the self‐rating depression scale, and the Chinese version of the psychological Connor–Davidson resilience scale; a questionnaire‐based survey was conducted.ResultsSignificant differences in anxiety scores were observed among COVID‐19 patients with different education levels and the number of immediate family members. The differences in depression scores were noted among patients of different age groups, and marital statuses were also significant. The total psychological resilience score and the scores of all dimensions are negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the patient's gender, the number of immediate family members, and the psychological resilience dimensions are associated with the severity anxiety of patients. Patient age and psychological resilience are associated with the depression level of patients.ConclusionPatients with COVID‐19 exhibit elevated levels of both anxiety and depression. Notably, psychological resilience emerges as a protective factor against the development of anxiety and depression.
A novel nonsense variant in NSD1 gene in a female child with Sotos syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Xinting , Chen Chen , Wan Lin , Zhu Gang , Zhao Yan , Hu Lizhu , Liang Yan , Gao Jing , Wang Jing , Yang Guang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionSotos syndrome (SS) is an overgrowth disease characterized by distinctive facial features, advanced bone age, macrocephaly, and developmental delay is associated with alterations in the NSD1 gene. Here, we report a case of a 4‐year‐old female child with SS caused by NSD1 gene nonsense mutation.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) was applied for probands and her parents. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the mutation. We performed the literature review using PubMed and found 12 articles and 14 patients who presented with SS.ResultsThe patient showed typical facial features of SS, hand deformities, and seizure. WES revealed de novo heterozygous variant: NSD1 (NM_022455.5), c.6095G > A, p.TRP2032*. We also reviewed the phenotype spectrum of 14 patients with SS, who exhibited a variety of clinical phenotypes, including developmental delay, seizures, scoliosis, hearing loss, cardiac and urinary system abnormalities, and so on.DiscussionThe lack of correlation between mutation sites or types and phenotypes was summarized by literature reviewing. The NSD1 protein contains 14 functional domains and this nonsense mutation was located in SET domain. Early appearance of the termination codon leads to protein truncation. Haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene causes the overgrowth disorders.