bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP)‐detected p53 gene mutations are a less sensitive marker of malignancy in pleural fluids than p53 immunostaining
Authors: Mayall F. , Cursons R. , Jacobson G. , Chang B. 
Published: March 2003

Single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP)‐detected p53 gene mutations are a less sensitive marker of malignancy in pleural fluids than p53 immunostainingp53 immunostaining has been advocated as a marker of malignancy in pleural biopsies and serous fluids. The object of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of p53 immunostaining for the detection of malignant cells in pleural fluids with a technique designed to detect p53 gene mutations in exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 by SSCP and nucleotide sequencing. Five out of eight pleural fluids containing adenocarcinoma showed p53 immunostaining and two of these also showed polymorphisms on SSCP and a mutation on sequencing. None of the 10 benign pleural fluids showed immunostaining for p53 or polymorphisms on SSCP. We believe that the poor sensitivity of p53 gene mutation by SSCP is mainly due to DNA from the background reactive cells ‘swamping’ the mutant DNA. We do not advocate its use as a diagnostic aid.
Desmin detection in FNAB samples of rhabdomyosarcoma: an immunocytochemical study
Authors: Pohar‐Marin‐ek Z. , Srebotnik‐Kirbi‐ I. 
Published: March 2003

Desmin detection in FNAB samples of rhabdomyosarcoma: an immunocytochemical studyWe performed immunocytochemical (ICC) staining for desmin on 65 fine needle aspiration biopsies from 45 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, using the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex method (ABC), and two types of antibodies, D33 and DE‐R‐11. The material was fixed either in ether‐alcohol or in Delaunay's solution. The ABC method was applied to Papanicolaou stained slides, without destaining. We compared the quality of staining on fresh, routinely prepared slides vs archival material and the quality of staining on smears vs cytospins. In 20 cases, D33 and DE‐R‐11 were applied to a pair of slides from the same tumour sample in order to see if there was any difference in their ability to recognize desmin. Desmin was positive in all 18 cases in which ICC staining was performed at the same time diagnoses were given. Among the 27 cases where ICC staining was carried out on archival material, seven were negative. Slides from four of these cases were 20 or more years old and negative reaction could be attributed to heating of slides before coversliping and/or to uneven distribution of desmin immunoreactivity in tumours. The second reason was probably the cause of negative reactions in cases from 1985 and 87. The type of slide preparation had no influence on the quality of staining. However, results were easier to read on cytospins because cells were more evenly distributed. Finally, our results proved that there was no significant difference between D33 and DE‐R‐11 in their ability to recognize desmin.
Microfilariae in association with neoplastic lesions: report of five cases
Authors: Gupta S. , Sodhani P. , Jain S. , Kumar N. 
Published: March 2003

Microfilariae in association with neoplastic lesions: Report of five cases Microfilariae and adult filarial worms have occasionally been detected in association with neoplastic lesions in cytological smears. The presence of microfilariae along with neoplasms is generally regarded as a chance association, yet some authors suggest that such parasitic infestations may be a causative factor for tumourigenesis. There are only a few reported cases in cytology literature documenting this association. We report the presence of microfilariae in routine cytology smears from one benign and four malignant tumours. Microfilariae could not be identified on histopathology available in four of these cases.
The cytopathology of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. A detailed analysis of fine needle aspiration cytology of 58 cases compared with 101 invasive ductal carcinomas
Authors: Bonzanini M. , Gilioli E. , Brancato B. , Cristofori A. , Bricolo D. , Natale N. , Valentini A. , Dalla Palma P. 
Published: March 2003

The cytopathology of ductal carcinomain situ of the breast. A detailed analysis of fine needle aspiration cytology of 58 cases compared with 101 invasive ductal carcinomas The existence of cytological findings that discriminate ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) has not been unanimously accepted and the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains controversial. We report the cytological findings of a large series of FNAC from histologically proven DCIS compared with those of ductal carcinomas having a different extent of the invasive component. The association of high cohesiveness of atypical cells and absence of tubular aggregates showed good sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) for the diagnosis of DCIS vs IDC. The simultaneous presence of necrotic background, atypical cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a low percentage of single malignant cells resulted in low sensitivity but high specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for differential cytological diagnosis of DCIS vs IDC.
The preparation of additional smears from a cervical scrape: impact on the rate of detection of cervical neoplasia
Authors: Al‐Awadhi R. , Byrne M. , Coleman D. V. 
Published: March 2003

The preparation of additional smears from a cervical scrape: impact on the rate of detection of cervical neoplasia It has been known for some time that only a proportion of the cells on the smear‐taking device is transferred to the slide. This can give rise to errors in reporting although the smear may have been taken correctly. This study was undertaken to identify a quick and simple method of improving the accuracy of the Papanicolaou test. A conventional smear and five additional smears were obtained from 62 women attending a Genito‐Urinary Medicine clinic. The cell content of the conventional smears and the additional smears was compared. Dyskaryotic cells were detected both in the conventional smear and in the first and second additional smears from 22 women. Dyskaryotic cells were detected in the first and second additional smears only in five women. Thus, the conventional smear failed to detect biopsy‐confirmed cervical abnormality in these women. A cell count of the first additional smear in the five cases where the conventional smear was negative showed that they contained, on average, 310 dyskaryotic cells. The preparation of one additional cervical smear per cervical scrape could significantly increase the accuracy of the cervical smear test by 11% (P=0.025, McNemar’s test).
Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules: how accurate is it and what are the causes of discrepant cases?
Authors: DE VOS TOT NEDERVEEN CAPPEL R. J. , BOUVY N. D. , BONJER H. J. , VAN MUISWINKEL J. M. , CHADHA S. 
Published: March 2003

Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules: how accurate is it and what are the causes of discrepant cases? Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely accepted as the most accurate, sensitive, specific and cost‐effective diagnostic procedure in the assesment of thyroid nodules and helps to select people preoperatively for surgery.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of thyroid FNAC in our institution and to determine the reasons for discrepancies between the cytological and histological diagnosis. We evaluated the cytological and histological results of 254 FNACs obtained from 231 patients who underwent subsequent thyroid surgery. All of the material was blindly reviewed for quality control, by one experienced cytopathologist. All FNACs were carried out under ultrasound guidance. The cytological diagnosis was classified as benign, suspicious, malignant or unsatisfactory.The definitive histological study showed benign lesions in 195 of the 231 patients (84%). A benign diagnosis based on FNAC was correct in 105 of the 108 benign cases (97%). FNACs diagnosed as `suspicious' resulted in a distribution of 49 benign (79%) and 13 malignant (21%) diagnoses. FNAC showed malignancy in 34 cases (13%) and in only one case did the final histology differ from cytology (correlation 97%). The percentage of FNACs that were inadequate for diagnosis was 20%. Review of cytological and histological slides did not lead to any change in the original diagnosis.Our study revealed a cytological‐histological discrepancy (2%) in only 4 out of 231 cases over a period of 10 years, due to either a diagnostic or sampling error.
Papillary neoplasms of the breast: clues in fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: GOMEZ‐ARACIL V. , MAYAYO E. , AZUA J. , ARRAIZA A. 
Published: March 2003

Papillary neoplasms of the breast: clues in fine needle aspiration cytology Papillary neoplasms of the breast include a wide spectrum of mammary lesions. The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions can be problematic not only cytologically, but also histopathologically. Aspiration smears can demonstrate that cytological differentiation is feasible. A retrospective study of 30 cases of papillary tumour of the breast, 15 papillary carcinomas and 15 papillomas, was performed to find the cytological differences between the pathologies. Cytological samples of papillary carcinomas were characterized by an abundance of cellular material, three‐dimensional papillary clusters without fibrovascular connective tissue cores, small papillae arranged in cell balls, tall columnar cells and isolated naked nuclei. Numerous haemosiderin‐laden macrophages were seen. There were no eosinophilic bipolar cytoplasmic granules, bipolar naked nuclei or apocrine metaplasia.In the papillomas there was less material; the papillae had cohesive stalks surrounded by columnar cells in a honeycomb pattern. We also found fewer small papillae and isolated columnar cells. In addition, the presence of apocrine metaplasia and bipolar naked nuclei was noted.We suggest that papillary carcinoma of the breast can be diagnosed by cytology and differentiated from papilloma.
Method of producing tissue sections from endometrial scrapings
Authors: ONO M. , SHIINA Y. , SAKUMA K. , INOUE H. 
Published: March 2003

Method of producing tissue sections from endometrial scrapings Endometrial cytology is important not only for observing cytological findings, but also for assessing histological architecture. Therefore, we attempted to produce a histological preparation from the sample using an automatic fixation apparatus (ACF 1000) which employs a membrane filter method.After observation of the cytological features, the cover slip was removed and a paraffin‐embedded section was prepared.Producing a histological section from a cytological specimen prepared with the ACF 1000 apparatus was more useful and easier than with the techniques described to date. Peelability of the cell was avoided by using a silane‐coated membrane filter. Observation of the same cell cluster as that observed in the cytological sample was also facilitated in the histological section by this technique.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas
Authors: VERMA KUSUM , KAPILA KUSUM 
Published: March 2003

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas This retrospective study was carried out to review the cases diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma in major or minor salivary glands and determine the difficulties encountered on typing this tumour on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Over a 19‐year period (1982–2000) 488 pleomorphic adenomas were diagnosed on FNAC from different sites (parotid – 372 cases, submandibular – 95 cases; oral cavity – 21 cases). Histology was available in 232 cases. Twenty‐nine cases where a histological diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was made but the cytological diagnosis was variable were also reviewed. In 216 of the 232 cases a good cytohistological correlation was available. On review only 4 of the 16 cases initially diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on FNAC where the histology revealed a different tumour were categorized as pleomorphic adenoma, while 3 each were classified as adenoid cystic carcinoma and benign tumour ?type, and 2 each were diagnosed to be muco‐epidermoid carcinoma, monomorphic adenoma and acinic cell carcinoma. On review of the FNAC smears from 29 cases where a histological diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was available while the cytological diagnosis was variable, only 11 (38%) were categorized as pleomorphic adenoma. In the majority of the remaining cases the cytological diagnosis did not alter markedly, 7 of 10 cases where the tumour could not be typed on cytology initially could not be typed even on review. In conclusion, FNAC is an ideal, fairly accurate preoperative procedure for the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas. Certain diagnostic problems occur in differentiating pleomorphic adenomas from adenoid cystic carcinoma, monomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma is difficult to identify on FNAC and in our series all 4 such cases on histology were considered benign on cytology.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of minor salivary gland tumours of the palate
Authors: Sahai Kavita , Kapila Kusum , Dahiya Sonika , Verma Kusum 
Published: March 2003

Fine needle aspiration cytology of minor salivary gland tumours of the palate This retrospective study was carried out to review aspirates from minor salivary gland tumours of the palate and to assess the problems encountered in their diagnosis, especially the cytological diagnosis of newer entities such as polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA). Fifty‐five cases of palatal salivary gland tumours aspirated over a period of 16 years were reviewed. Histology was available in 26 cases. Pleomorphic adenoma (27 cases) was the most common benign cytodiagnosis. Eleven aspirates were malignant tumours of which eight cases were adenoid cystic carcinoma and three cases were mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Seven cases were diagnosed on fine needle aspiration as suggestive of PLGA. However histological confirmation was available in only one of these cases. Concordance between the initial and revised typings of the tumours was seen in only 28 cases (54%) in the present study. Initially 18 of the 51 tumours (35.3%) could not be typed; and after review, only three could not be typed. Three cases of oncocytoma could be diagnosed on review only. Palatal salivary gland tumours, although relatively uncommon, are difficult to diagnose cytologically. This is more so in cases of newer entities such as PLGA, as their cytological diagnosis is still not well characterized.
The evolution of environmentally‐cued pupal colour in swallowtail butterflies: natural selection for pupation site and pupal colour
Authors: HAZEL WADE , ANTE SANDRA , STRINGFELLOW BEN 
Published: March 2003

1. Environmentally‐cued pupal colour in swallowtail butterflies has been hypothesized to evolve as a consequence of (a) the evolution of a preference for pupation sites above the ground that vary in colour and (b) natural selection for crypsis on such sites.2. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the field survival of green and brown Papilio polyxenes Fabr. pupae placed on green or brown pupation sites that were either above the ground on near the ground.3. Green pupae on green sites above the ground had a significantly higher probability of survival than did all other pupal colour and pupation site combinations.4. Pupae on sites above the ground were more likely to be preyed upon during the day, whereas those on sites near the ground were more likely to be preyed upon during the night, suggesting that variation in nocturnal and diurnal predation influences the evolution of pupation site preference.5. To the extent that diurnal predators use colour vision to locate prey, diurnal predation should favour environmentally‐cued pupal colour.
Effects of water mites on the damselfly Ceriagrion tenellum
Authors: ANDRÉS JOSÉ A. , CORDERO ADOLFO 
Published: March 2003

1. Water mite parasitism is expected to have an important effect on damselfly survivorship and reproductive success, because mites drain considerable amounts of body fluids from their hosts. This study tests the effect of water mite parasitism in a marked population of the damselfly Ceriagrion tenellum during 1995 (individuals marked as mature adults) and 1996 (individuals marked as tenerals).2. Almost all teneral individuals were parasitized (98%) and mites were aggregated strongly on some individuals. Parasite load increased during the season.3. Parasites had no effect on the probability of recapture of hosts as mature adults. The average daily survival rate of lightly‐ and heavily‐parasitized individuals, estimated with Jolly's stochastic method, did not differ significantly.4. In 1995 parasites had a significant effect on host mating success. The probability of mating was about 25% lower for heavily‐parasitized males than for lightly‐parasitized males. Lightly‐parasitized males also mated more times than heavily‐parasitized males, even if heavily‐parasitized males lived longer. In 1996, parasitism did not have an effect on male mating success. In both years mites had no effect on female lifetime mating success.5. These results indicate that water mite parasitism does not reduce damselfly survivorship, but it could reduce male mating success in some circumstances. Further long‐term studies are needed, especially in populations with a lower incidence of parasitism.
Diet breadth and host plant diversity of tropical‐ vs. temperate‐zone herbivores: South‐East Asian and West Palaearctic butterflies as a case study
Authors: FIEDLER KONRAD 
Published: March 2003

1. Data on host plant associations of butterflies (Papilionoidea, excluding Hesperiidae) from two biogeographical regions were used to investigate (1) whether tropical herbivores are more narrowly specialized with regard to host plant choice than those of northern temperate zones, and (2) whether tropical butterflies show a greater diversity of host plant affiliations.2. There was no evidence for a more restricted diet breadth of tropical butterflies, with diet breadth being measured as number of host plant families used per species. In the families Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Nymphalidae, host plant ranges of West Palaearctic and South‐East Asian species are similar, whereas in one speciose group within the Lycaenidae, the Polyommatini, tropical species are significantly more polyphagous.3. Diet breadth also differs among higher butterfly taxa. While Papilionidae, Pieridae, the nymphalid subfamilies Satyrinae, Morphinae, Libytheinae and Apaturinae, as well as the temperate‐zone Polyommatini in the Lycaenidae are composed predominantly of host specialists, the degree of polyphagy is higher among the remaining nymphalid subfamilies and in many lycaenids. These results challenge strongly the view that tropical herbivores are generally more specialized in this regard than herbivores of higher latitudes. Rather, chemical constraints and phylogenetic conservatism shape host plant associations in many taxa in such a way that differences between temperate and tropical representatives are slight.4. Host plant diversity, measured as the number of plant families used per butterfly family and by application of the log‐series model, is much higher in South‐East Asian Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae (the two largest families) than in their Western Palaearctic relatives. No such differences are observed in the Papilionidae and Pieridae (the two smaller families). Besides effects of sample size, the strong association of papilionid and pierid butterflies with plants characterized by a small set of classes of secondary plant compounds might generally restrict their capability to utilize a broader taxonomic range of host plants.5. The results indicate that high floral diversity can be reflected by higher diversity of host plant affiliations of herbivores, but taxonomic idiosyncrasies render it difficult to draw generalized conclusions.
Using superparasitism by a stem borer parasitoid to infer a host refuge
Authors: Edwards Owain R. , Hopper Keith R. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. 1. Macrocentrus cingulum Reinhard (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and the Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), has high fecundity but has been reported to parasitize a low proportion of host larvae. This was corroborated in field collections: in Hebei (China) and Delaware (U.S.A.), M. cingulum parasitized only 15 and 25%, respectively, of hosts collected.2. Because M. cingulum females cannot oviposit through plant tissue, they must parasitize hosts either before they have bored into stalks or while they are near entrance holes, so that at any one time, many Ostrinia larvae may be unavailable to M. cingulum. This refuge, together with fluctuations in abundance of foraging M. cingulum females, may explain why M. cingulum parasitizes relatively few Ostrinia larvae.3. To test this hypothesis, levels of superparasitism were measured in the field. Low parasitism resulting from a refuge for host larvae should cause high rates of superparasitism in hosts outside the refuge.4. Because M. cingulum is polyembryonic, the number of parasitoids per host does not indicate the level of superparasitism. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to determine the number of different genotypes emerging from each host. The resulting frequency distributions were fitted to those expected under random oviposition to estimate the proportion of Ostrinia larvae unavailable to M. cingulum.5. In the samples from Hebei and Delaware, the level of superparasitism was much higher than expected by chance if all hosts were available. Fitting the frequencies of genotypes per host to a Poisson distribution, the authors estimated that 74–82% and 69–74% of host larvae were unavailable to M. cingulum in these collections, respectively. This means that M. cingulum parasitized 60–84% and 82–95% of available hosts in these collections, respectively. These levels of parasitism contrast strongly with the 15–25% found when all hosts were assumed available for oviposition.6. Genetic distances of M. cingulum within and between hosts did not differ, allowing rejection of the hypothesis that high levels of superparasitism resulted from a female laying several eggs in the same host.7. The hypothesis that M. cingulum parasitizes few Ostrinia larvae because many larvae are in a refuge explains these data and previously published information better than other hypotheses that have been suggested.