bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong as Steel
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter belongs to Ishwar Das from Lyallpur, who was 23 at the time of partition, he remembers a beautiful episode from his childhood about a glass of water that turned out to be a great event in her mother's life. From burning Union Jack to establishing a library of 9,000 books in his village, the man has lived quite a life! Later, his partition journey was assisted by Mridula Sarabhai and post partition, a dress worn by an actress Suraiya took him to new heights. This story ‘Strong as Steel’ is all about friendships, forged in love and trust that may sound a fiction in the contemporary world we live in today.
Dying Reflections
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter narrates the story of Jaafar Ali, a Patwari born in Karnal, which is also the birthplace of Liaquat Ali Khan, near Kaliyar Sharif shrine of which the fairs were so memorable that the narrator still recalls the liveliness of those times. He remembers the ox-cart they carried in the caravan of 1,50,000 people joined together in the month of Ramadan for the migration journey which took 60 days to complete! During this they encountered death several times and lost their loved ones too before they arrived in Lahore. The story, Dying Reflections, holds up a mirror to people reflecting their past, who sadly only want to remember the pain.
Passed Era
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter unwraps the story of a 21-year-old young woman, Leelavanti Gambhir who was nine months pregnant with her first child and was at parents’ house in Sialkot for the delivery when the news of partition broke. Her migration to the new India came with lots of pain and fear for the life of her husband and the newborn as no one had been spared from the fire of hate. The story is about a new mother who braved all the challenges thrown her way and says, ‘It was an era that has passed’. Even after all her painful experiences, her warmth, empathy, and sensitivity are still intact.
Du Bois’s Critique of the Racist White Church
Authors: Mayrl Damon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines Du Bois’s analysis of the White church (i.e., that set of Christian denominations founded and controlled by Whites). Du Bois conceived of the White church as an institutional collective that had been indelibly marked by its encounter with racism and White supremacy, and thus the bearer of a warped and colonized version of Christianity that hypocritically denied its most basic tenets. This chapter reviews six ways that Du Bois viewed the White church as contributing to the reproduction of White supremacy, as well as two antiracist mechanisms whereby the White church could challenge White supremacy, with particular emphasis on how Du Bois analyzed those mechanisms as being compromised or entangled with more prominent mechanisms supporting White supremacy. It concludes by considering how Du Bois’s analysis of the White church can act as a heuristic that can help scholars synthesize a variety of recent findings in the sociology of religion and race and improve an understanding of contemporary racial politics.
Taking Comedy Seriously
Authors: Gitre Carmen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the immediate aftermath of the British occupation in the 1920s, nation, class, gender, and humor in Egypt intertwined in complex ways. Playwright Muhammad Taymur and other cultural elites considered dramatic and comic theater to be unique and essential media for cultivating a particular kind of Egyptian society, one that was modern but upheld hierarchies of power with male elite powerbrokers. Using Taymur’s writings, his play al-‘Ashara al-Tayyiba (The Ten of Diamonds), and critical responses to its production, this chapter contends that Taymur conceived of the stage as a mirror and a school that should both benefit the whole of Egyptian society and elevate the aesthetic quality of artistic production. For Egypt’s cultural elites, theater was one component of a larger internal civilizing mission intended to educate members of society who most needed enlightenment—namely, the rising professional class, urban workers, and women. Taymur contrasted his vision of theater with what he termed the “unartistic” theater of popular performers like Najib al-Rihani and ‘Ali al-Kassar, who unapologetically incorporated slapstick, song, and flawed but witty and beloved characters in their performances. Audiences, however, did not necessarily agree with Taymur, nor did they ingest his theatrical output uncritically. In his commitment to an artistic, edifying theater, Taymur failed to address the pressing anxieties of those he most sought to engage.
The Army, State, and Society
Authors: Abul-Magd Zeinab 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the 1950s, the Egyptian military has established full or partial control over the state and the economy in Egypt and hegemonized everyday life in Egyptian society. In Egypt’s postcolonial history, the army has acted as the “guardian” of nation-building and posed as the “savior” from internal strife three times: in 1952, when a group of young officers ended the British occupation, deposed the monarchy, and established an independent republic; in 2011, when the armed forces took the side of mass protests to depose an autocratic president, himself an ex-general; and in 2013, when the army again backed protesting masses to overthrow an Islamist regime. In each case, saving the nation was inseparable from militarizing it, as ruling officers dominated the government and used that political power to amass economic privileges. Moreover, they established systems of deep surveillance over society, penetrated the daily lives of their civilian subjects, and deployed propaganda tactics to manipulate them. This chapter traces how Egypt’s military institution gained full supremacy over the country’s political and economic milieus and successfully securitized everyday Egyptian life, beginning in 1952 and concluding with the present.
Midwives and Childbirth during Colonial and Semi-colonial Rule
Authors: Baron Beth 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Photographs of a graduating class of dayas (midwives) from a maternity school in the 1920s provide a rare glimpse into the world of birth work and the racialized and gendered hierarchies established in maternal healthcare under British colonial rule. Yet rather than dayas, scholars have focused on hakimas (female medical officers), pointing to their undermining, along with the training of male doctors in obstetrics and gynecology, to argue that British public health officials masculinized childbirth. Drawing on works by the Egyptian doctors, Department of Public Health annual reports, and the private papers of imperial women doctors and a nurse-midwife, this chapter demonstrates that it was dayas, and not hakimas or male doctors, who delivered the bulk of Egyptian babies under colonial and semi-colonial rule. Moving between the imperial medical doctors and matrons who designed critical parts of the colonial medical infrastructure, the unnamed dayas who attended the new maternity schools, and pregnant and parturient women, the chapter details how imperial doctors sought to reshape birth workers and birthing practices, determining who could and could not deliver babies and how they ought to do it, instituting new statistical regimes, supine postures, and sterilization practices. It argues that instead of masculinizing childbirth, imperial doctors strove to modernize and scientize a system of women-centered care for delivery of babies within the home.
Salon Tango
Authors: Paulus Tom 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the development of cinematic pictorialism in the American cinema of the 1920s, as exemplified by the famous tango scene in Rex Ingram’s Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921). Methodologically, it traces a historical poetics of interartistic influence: the chapter frames the maturing of a pictorial film style against the background of developments in art direction influenced by architectural sculpture and the New Stagecraft, as well as experiments in lighting and composition motivated by the discoveries of the Photo-Secessionists. It also draws comparisons with earlier or contemporary films by DeMille, Gance, L’Herbier, Lubitsch, and, especially, Maurice Tourneur. The chapter contends throughout that the seemingly “modern” nature of a cinematic pictorialism shaped by the popularisation of Symbolist and Impressionist styles is actually still deeply imbricated in the academic ideals imposed by the “Beaux-Arts tradition,” of which Ingram’s film is a telling example.
Going Silent on Modernity
Authors: Bertellini Giorgio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Long-established narratives of early cinema’s modernity, with their emphasis on instrumental rationality, have relied on the alleged similarity of the European and North American contexts and on a periodization opposing the pre-1914 period to the 1920s. In between these two time periods and regularly ignored by scholars is World War I and its aftermath. This chapter looks at the Great War as the key framework for a proposed notion of cinema’s global cultural and economic modernity. The conflict shaped film cultures around the world in radically different ways: it dramatically weakened the European film industry (and the continent’s financial centers) and enabled Hollywood’s new hegemony domestically and internationally. The American film industry’s ensuing alliances with both the US government and Wall Street taught filmmakers, government officials, and journalists around the world that cinema was both a formidable medium for public opinion and one increasingly dominated by the US.
“Move Slowly Through that Beautiful Place of Graves”
Authors: Bradford Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This essay analyzes the significance of the way in which Walt Whitman’s writings, especially his early journalism and fiction, reflect upon the period’s prevailing belief in the value of traditional as well as emergent “rural” cemeteries—specifically as spaces capable of catalyzing interpersonal connection, moral improvement, and a sense of local and national identity. It suggests that Whitman’s cemetery writings should be understood as the outgrowth of already widely circulating contemporary discourses related primarily to the rural cemetery movement—discourses that conceptualized engagement with the cemetery as contributing significantly to living a meaningful, reflective, engaged, and moral life. Such a perspective not only furthers our sense of just how deeply Whitman’s work is grounded in contemporary ideas and contexts, but it illuminates the significance of his divergence from such ideas and contexts in his own writing when such divergence occurs.
Whitman’s Garden Ecology of Transformation
Authors: Gerhardt Christine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This essay reveals how throughout Leaves of Grass, gardens matter as material geographies that crystallize a core concern of Walt Whitman’s work—how to live in and with the nonhuman world. Seemingly at odds with Whitman’s guiding interest in undomesticated nature, gardens nonetheless form a nodal point of his ecopoetics. Generally in the nineteenth century, gardens signified genteel culture, based on control of nature, ornamentation, and ownership. Whitman instead turns gardens into liminal realms of wildness, work, and mobility, recasting them as utopian sites of ecological and social possibility. Surprisingly, his transformed, transformative gardens profoundly resonate with environmentally insightful discussions of horticulture that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century and have resurfaced in the twenty-first. However, unlike environmentalists then and now, Whitman refrains from suggesting that such natural-cultural spaces provide a solution to the conflicts between ecological perspectives and the democratic ideals they serve to negotiate. Instead, he leaves the tensions and incongruities inherent to gardens fully intact.
“Solidarity of the World”
Authors: Grünzweig Walter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This essay argues that Walt Whitman developed a theory of “international literature” that underpins Leaves of Grass from its very inception. Whitman’s status as a global poet has so far been largely ascribed to his successful reception abroad. Yet Whitman’s poetry itself has had, from the very start, a strongly international outlook. The first edition of Leaves (1855) already shows Whitman connecting his work to what Goethe had coined Weltliteratur a few decades earlier. Motifs such as America as a “nation of many nations,” has become part of the permanent American political vocabulary. An analysis of his poem “To Foreign Lands” through the prism of its international translations then investigates Whitman’s explicit poetic signals to readers far beyond the American hemisphere. Finally, a series of addresses to foreign readers are shown to manifest a complete theory of lyrical internationalism with a claim to replace traditional elite diplomacy by grassroots dialogs between poets and readers around the world.
Walt Whitman in Jewish American Poetry
Authors: Barnat Dara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This essay examines the adoption of Walt Whitman’s poetics and ethos in the work of the Jewish American poet Charles Reznikoff, and the influence of both on Allen Ginsberg. Apart from Ginsberg—whose embrace of Whitman is widely recognized—Whitman’s significance in the writing of other Jewish American poets is often overlooked. Reznikoff, of the Jewish objectivist group, was linked to high modernist figures like Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams. Poets of the era, including Pound, expressed uncertain views of Whitman; moreover, anti-Jewish sentiments were promoted by Pound, T. S. Eliot, and others. In keeping with high modernist sensibilities, Reznikoff’s poetry does not appear to be Whitmanian in style. This essay illuminates Reznikoff’s frequent allusions to Whitman and argues that Ginsberg’s later adoption of Whitman is informed by his interpretation of Reznikoff’s poetics. Together, Reznikoff and Ginsberg are a case study within the genealogy of Jewish poets in America, who turn to the non-Jewish Whitman.
Whitman’s Paginator
Authors: Bronson-Bartlett Blake 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This essay discusses Walt Whitman’s “Notebook for an Intended American Dictionary.” The notebook provides a record of the poet’s readings on the history of language and American English, but its physical structure and appearance also express a set of material practices that informed his poetics: the manipulation and organization of paper. Color is an unexplored area of the material culture that supported his organization of information and transformation of it into poetry. What can be found in this notebook is a system of ostensibly color-coded sections into which the poet inserted various other colored scraps, seemingly at random. The notebook’s colored pages therefore leave a record not of a system so much as a system’s organic evolution in time, as it accommodated a more random process of composition. “Notebook for an Intended American Dictionary” helps us to ask new questions about Whitman’s creative process, given the affordances of digital media.
Whitman’s Web
Authors: Bateman Micah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Following the lead of projects like Documenting the Now and relying on quantitative data, this study utilizes Twitter as an archive of responses to Walt Whitman, especially as partisan political response. While scholars on the Walt Whitman Archive trace “Whitman’s drift,” as Matt Cohen notes, across the rich mediascape of the nineteenth century, this paper reconceives their tracking of Whitman’s reprints into the twenty-first century by examining contemporary, electronic remediations, uses, and associations of Whitman during American political contests and campaigns. Online publics draw upon Whitman for affective fuel to intensify political affinity bonds, an affordance for which Whitman laid his own groundwork as a postbellum political sentimentalist. This paper begins by tracing associations that readers have made between Whitman and new media, advocating for “Whitman’s web” as metaphor for Whitman’s distributive imagination based on affective media, and ends by presenting comparative counts of citations of Whitman on political Twitter.
Rambles Among Words
Authors: Schöberlein Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This essay considers Walt Whitman’s role in the creation of William Swinton’s 1859 book Rambles Among Words. Whitman’s own linguistic theorizing has been a puzzle for scholars. Next to his unfinished “American Primer” musings and some early periodical work, Whitman’s potential contribution—even “ghostwriting”—of Rambles offers the possibility of a more comprehensive insight into his idealistic concept of language as well as Whitman’s self-positioning in nineteenth-century linguistic theory. While the extent of his contribution is disputed, his role in the creation of the book has become widely accepted in Whitman scholarship. The essay casts doubt on overly assertive claims of Whitmanian (co)authorship, drawing upon newspaper database research, Boolean querying, and rolling stylometry to propose instead a more cautious reading of his involvement: Instead of a coauthor, Whitman likely figured more as a brainstorming and conversation partner, while Swinton was finalizing a book largely completed before he ever met Whitman.
Ensuring Validity and Reliability in Empirical Studies on Metaphor in Organizations
Authors: Bruni Elena , Biscaro Claudio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Metaphor is now a central construct in management studies. Metaphors inhabit the communication of organizations and leaders, underpin change and resistance to change, sustain the interactions between managers and consultants, and facilitate the conveyance of theoretical inputs in business schools. Nonetheless, despite the pervasive and undeniable presence of metaphors, there are complications as researchers approach them in the empirical data, as clear criteria for metaphor elicitation, identification, and analysis are missing. To address this methodological confusion, this chapter offers a critical overview of the problems arising in the phases of metaphor elicitation, identification, and analysis. Moreover, this chapter provides solutions to enhance the representativeness of the elicited metaphors, the reliability of their identification, and the validity of their analysis. Overall, the chapter offers actionable guidance to management scholars who aim to conduct sound qualitative and empirical research on metaphors.
Images of the Life Metaphor in Organizational Studies
Authors: Arman Rebecka , Wikström Ewa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of organizational studies that the authors interpret being connected to the root metaphors of “life” and the related metaphor of “sustainability.” The chapter offers an inventory of the following areas of organizational research and theoretical perspectives making use of the metaphor of life: as part of the image of evolution, as related to images of death and the end of life, aging life, images of a political arena, and images of a life course. Research on retirement and closures is used as recurring empirical examples. The chapter also includes a discussion of limitations associated with the metaphor, including predestined views of a life course and a bias toward survival and youthfulness in organizations.
Fostering True Self-Expression in Organizations
Authors: Cha Sandra E. , Hewlin Patricia Faison , Roberts Laura Morgan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Authenticity, which has been conceptualized as both a trait and a state influenced by the context, is crucial for understanding individual differences in organizations. This chapter begins by exploring the meaning of authenticity, its relevance to individual differences in organizations, and the relationship between trait and state authenticity. It then summarizes key findings from empirical research on authenticity, which highlights the difficulty of expressing one’s whole self —including one’s distinctive attributes—in organizations. It also reveals the need for research on tensions or trade-offs associated with authenticity. Addressing this gap, the chapter develops a conceptual framework of leader authenticity tensions—challenges that leaders face when they seek to foster their own and other people’s authenticity in the workplace. The framework includes metaphors to help illuminate this complex phenomenon. The chapter also identifies strategies that may help leaders to navigate the tensions successfully and suggests directions for future research on authenticity in organizations.
Individual Differences in Teleworking Outcomes
Authors: Anderl Christine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An increasing share of the workforce, especially knowledge workers, are teleworking at least some of the time. This trend was accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic and is expected to persist. This chapter first briefly introduces and defines telework and then summarizes recent research addressing the questions of how individual differences including worker demographics, motivational traits, and personality traits predict teleworking outcomes. It both reviews findings focusing on performance-related outcomes like productivity and effectiveness and on well-being-related outcomes like job satisfaction and burnout risk. As an example, the chapter also has a closer look at studies investigating how personality traits and worker demographics predict well-being after videoconferences—a key communication channel for many teleworkers. Overall, findings suggest that basic worker demographics, motivational traits, and personality traits explain a considerable amount of variance in teleworker satisfaction and performance. The chapter finishes by discussing how future research may best address open questions including whether the observed effects primarily represent selection effects or moderating effects of individual difference factors on teleworking outcomes.
Cultural Intelligence and Personality
Authors: Rockstuhl Thomas , Ng Kok Yee , Ang Soon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Extant meta-analyses have demonstrated compelling evidence for the predictive validity of cultural intelligence (CQ) in global work contexts. Our meta-analysis (n = 11,673, k = 43) shifts the attention to the personality antecedents of CQ to (1) extend CQ’s nomological network and (2) offer greater clarity and novel insights on how the Big Five predict the four CQ factors differentially. Applying meta-traits theory, we propose that plasticity traits (openness to experience and extraversion) are more strongly related to CQ than stability traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability). Integrating meta-analyses with relative weights analyses, we find support for our hypothesis. Results demonstrate that plasiticity traits account for three times more variance in CQ than stability traits. We discuss our findings and their theoretical implications for CQ and personality research, as well as practical implications for organizations.