bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing discharge teaching of hospitalized postpartum women in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Sen , Liu Yan , Liu Guoli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum women encounter a diverse array of physiological challenges following childbirth, and they may also contend with issues such as a lack of self-care knowledge childcare knowledge, and childcare experience. This study aimed to explore the quality of discharge teaching for hospitalized postpartum women.MethodsA total of 292 parturients who gave birth in a tertiary hospital were selected using the convenience sampling method and surveyed using a general data questionnaire and discharge teaching quality scale.ResultsThe total score for the quality of discharge teaching was 111.95 ​± ​28.64. In bivariate analysis, significant differences were identified between postpartum women with differences in postpartum complications, ambulation time, wound pain, infant health status, and infant feeding methods (p ​< ​0.05). Wound pain and infant feeding methods were significant factors in a multiple linear regression model (p ​< ​0.05).ConclusionsNursing staff should focus on psychological nursing care and give more personalized teaching to postpartum women with severe wound pain and who bottle feed their newborns.
t-Design Curves and Mobile Sampling on the Sphere
Authors: Ehler Martin , Gröchenig Karlheinz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In analogy to classical spherical t-design points, we introduce the concept of t-design curves on the sphere. This means that the line integral along a t-design curve integrates polynomials of degree t exactly. For low degrees, we construct explicit examples. We also derive lower asymptotic bounds on the lengths of t-design curves. Our main results prove the existence of asymptotically optimal t-design curves in the Euclidean

$2$

-sphere and the existence of t-design curves in the d-sphere.
The founder as the microfoundation of slack resource and firms’ R&D investment
Authors: Teng Da , Li Chengchun , Sun Xiangdong , Tanna Sailesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the relationship between slack and research and development (R&D) investment by addressing the role of the founder as the ‘microfoundation’ among Chinese newly listed firms. We propose a contingent approach to understanding the slack-R&D investment relationship by examining the influence of the founder’s human capital and social ties, which is distinguished into political and managerial ties. Our results show that the founder’s human capital, measured by its educational level, strengthens the relationship between absorbed and unabsorbed slack resources and R&D investment. We also find that the founder’s managerial ties strengthen the relationship between resource slack and R&D intensity, whereas political ties weaken that link. Our results demonstrate the founder’s crucial role in underpinning resource utilization in newly listed firms and emphasise the importance of social ties in driving firms’ R&D activities in emerging economies.
ECONOMIC PROGRESS AND ADAM SMITH’S DILEMMA
Authors: Coyle Diane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdam Smith saw the division of labour and specialisation as the driver of ‘universal opulence’, a process limited by the scope of the market. He also believed that competition was essential to ensure growth benefited the public. Yet eventually there could be a trade-off between these two mechanisms. In today’s era of global production networks, the markets at certain links in supply chains may support just one specialised supplier; and in winner-take-all digital markets there is a single supplier even at global scale. When the scope of the market is global, there may be a trade-off between specialisation and competition.
A statistical method to standardize and interpret the activity data generated by wireless biosensors in dairy cows
Authors: Lee Wang-Hee , Lee Mingyung , Lee Dae-Hyun , Jung Jae-Min , Cho Hyunjin , Seo Seongwon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractActivity biosensors have been used recently to measure and diagnose the physiological status of dairy cows. However, owing to the variety of commercialized activity biosensors available in the market, activity data generated by a biosensor need to be standardized to predict the status of an animal and make relevant decisions. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop a standardization method for accommodating activity measurements from different sensors. Twelve Holstein dairy cows were monitored to collect 12 862 activity data from four types of sensors over five months. After confirming similar cyclic activity patterns from the sensors through correlation and regression analyses, the gamma distribution was employed to calculate the cumulative probability of the values of each biosensor. Then, the activity values were assigned to three levels (i.e., idle, normal and active) based on the defined proportion of each level, and the values at each level from the four sensors were compared. The results showed that the number of measurements belonging to the same level was similar, with less than a 10% difference at a specific threshold value. In addition, more than 87% of the heat alerts generated by the internal algorithm of three of the four biosensors could be assigned to the active level, suggesting that the current standardization method successfully integrated the activity measurements from different biosensors. The developed probability-based standardization method is expected to be applicable to other biosensors for livestock, which will lead to the development of models and solutions for precision livestock farming.
Biologics versus functional endoscopic sinus surgery for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a literature review
Authors: Alshatti Asmaa , Webb Christopher 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature comparing functional endoscopic sinus surgery to dupilumab for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, in terms of symptom control, cost-effectiveness and complications.MethodA literature review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane databases. Data were extracted manually.ResultsA total of six papers relevant to the main objective were found.ConclusionChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. Both functional endoscopic sinus surgery and dupilumab achieve comparable disease control and result in good symptom relief. Dupilumab is far more expensive than functional endoscopic sinus surgery and is not considered cost-effective for the time being. This is expected to change after 10 years when the drug patent expires. More research is needed to compare the complications of both treatment modalities.
Meta-learned models of cognition
Authors: Binz Marcel , Dasgupta Ishita , Jagadish Akshay K. , Botvinick Matthew , Wang Jane X. , Schulz Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychologists and neuroscientists extensively rely on computational models for studying and analyzing the human mind. Traditionally, such computational models have been hand-designed by expert researchers. Two prominent examples are cognitive architectures and Bayesian models of cognition. Although the former requires the specification of a fixed set of computational structures and a definition of how these structures interact with each other, the latter necessitates the commitment to a particular prior and a likelihood function that – in combination with Bayes' rule – determine the model's behavior. In recent years, a new framework has established itself as a promising tool for building models of human cognition: the framework of meta-learning. In contrast to the previously mentioned model classes, meta-learned models acquire their inductive biases from experience, that is, by repeatedly interacting with an environment. However, a coherent research program around meta-learned models of cognition is still missing to date. The purpose of this article is to synthesize previous work in this field and establish such a research program. We accomplish this by pointing out that meta-learning can be used to construct Bayes-optimal learning algorithms, allowing us to draw strong connections to the rational analysis of cognition. We then discuss several advantages of the meta-learning framework over traditional methods and reexamine prior work in the context of these new insights.
Investigation of BAK, BAX and MAD2L1 gene expression in human aneuploid blastocysts
Authors: Ahmed M. , Aytacoglu H. , Coban O. , Tulay P. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryMaintaining genomic stability is crucial for normal development. At earlier stages of preimplantation development, as the embryonic genome activation is not fully completed, the embryos may be more prone to abnormalities. Aneuploidies are one of the most common genetic causes of implantation failure or first-trimester miscarriages. Apoptosis is a crucial mechanism to eliminate damaged or abnormal cells from the organism to enable healthy growth. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis in human aneuploid and euploid blastocysts. In total, 32 human embryos obtained from 21 patients were used for this study. Trophectoderm biopsies were performed and next-generation screening was carried out for aneuploidy screening. Total RNA was extracted from each blastocyst separately and cDNA was synthesized. Gene expression levels were evaluated using RT-PCR. The statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the gene expression level variations in the euploid and aneuploid embryos, respectively. The expression level of the BAX gene was significantly different between the aneuploid and euploid samples. BAX expression levels were found to be 1.5-fold lower in aneuploid cells. However, the expression levels of BAK and MAD2L1 genes were similar in each group. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of genes involved in apoptosis and aneuploidy mechanisms. The findings of this investigation revealed that the BAX gene was expressed significantly differently between aneuploid and euploid embryos. Therefore, it is possible that the genes involved in the apoptotic pathway have a role in the aneuploidy mechanism.
Multi‐Decadal Record of Sensible‐Heat Polynya Variability From Satellite Optical and Thermal Imagery at Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
Authors: Savidge Elena , Snow Tasha , Siegfried Matthew R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOpen ocean areas surrounded by sea ice and maintained by ocean heat, or sensible‐heat polynyas, are linked to key ice‐sheet processes, such as ice‐shelf basal melt and ice‐shelf fracture, when they occur near ice‐shelf fronts. However, the lack of detailed multi‐year records of polynya variability prevent assessing coupling between polynya and frontal dynamics. Here, we present the first multi‐decadal polynya area record (2000–2022) at Pine Island Glacier (PIG), West Antarctica, from thermal and optical satellite imagery. We found substantial interannual variability in polynya area, with consistencies in the timing of polynya opening, maximal extent, and closing. Furthermore, the largest polynya in our record (269 km2) occurred at PIG's western margin just 68 days before iceberg B‐27 calved, suggesting that polynya size and position may influence rifting dynamics. Our new data set provides a pathway to assess coevolving polynya and frontal dynamics, demonstrating the importance of building long‐term, year‐round polynya variability records.
DDR2-regulated arginase activity in ovarian cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes collagen production and tumor progression
Authors: Akinjiyan Favour A. , Ibitoye Zainab , Zhao Peinan , Shriver Leah P. , Patti Gary J. , Longmore Gregory D. , Fuh Katherine C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer has poor survival outcomes particularly for advanced stage, metastatic disease. Metastasis is promoted by interactions of stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), with tumor cells. CAFs play a key role in tumor progression by remodeling the TME and extracellular matrix (ECM) to result in a more permissive environment for tumor progression. It has been shown that fibroblasts, in particular myofibroblasts, utilize metabolism to support ECM remodeling. However, the intricate mechanisms by which CAFs support collagen production and tumor progression are poorly understood. In this study, we show that the fibrillar collagen receptor, Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2), promotes collagen production in human and mouse omental CAFs through arginase activity. CAFs with high DDR2 or arginase promote tumor colonization in the omentum. In addition, DDR2-depleted CAFs had decreased ornithine levels leading to decreased collagen production and polyamine levels compared to WT control CAFs. Tumor cell invasion was decreased in the presence CAF conditioned media (CM) depleted of DDR2 or arginase-1, and this invasion defect was rescued in the presence of CM from DDR2-depleted CAFs that constitutively overexpressed arginase-1. Similarly, the addition of exogenous polyamines to CM from DDR2-depleted CAFs led to increased tumor cell invasion. We detected SNAI1 protein at the promoter region of the arginase-1 gene, and DDR2-depleted CAFs had decreased levels of SNAI1 protein at the arginase-1 promoter region. Furthermore, high stromal arginase-1 expression correlated with poor survival in ovarian cancer patients. These findings highlight how DDR2 regulates collagen production by CAFs in the tumor microenvironment by controlling the transcription of arginase-1, and CAFs are a major source of arginase activity and L-arginine metabolites in ovarian cancer models.
SIRT1 regulates hepatocyte programmed cell death via GSDME - IL18 axis in human and mouse liver transplantation
Authors: Kadono Kentaro , Kojima Hidenobu , Yao Siyuan , Kageyama Shoichi , Nakamura Kojiro , Hirao Hirofumi , Ito Takahiro , Dery Kenneth J. , Farmer Douglas G. , Kaldas Fady M. , Li Xiaoling , Kupiec-Weglinski Jerzy W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone/protein deacetylase in the cellular response to inflammatory, metabolic, and oxidative stressors. We previously reported that myeloid SIRT1 regulates the inflamed liver’s canonical pyroptosis cell death pathway. However, whether/how hepatocyte SIRT1 is engaged in programmed cell death in the cold-stressed liver remains uncertain. Here, we undertook translational studies in human and mouse orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) to interrogate the significance of hepatocyte-specific SIRT1 in cold-stored donor livers and liver grafts after reperfusion. In the clinical arm of sixty human OLT patients, hepatic SIRT1 levels in cold-preserved donor livers correlated with the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. After reperfusion, improved OLT function was accompanied by hepatic SIRT1 levels negatively associated with cleaved caspase-3 expression. In the experimental arm, we compared FLOX-control with hepatocyte-specific SIRT1-KO livers after orthotopic transplantation into WT mouse recipients, parallel with primary murine hepatocyte cultures subjected to cold activation with/without knockdown of SIRT1, GSDME, and IL18Rβ. Indeed, hepatocyte SIRT1 deficiency upregulated apoptosis and GSDME-mediated programmed cell death, deteriorating hepatocellular function and shortening OLT survival. Augmented GSDME processing, accompanied by increased secretion of IL18 by stressed hepatocytes, was prominent in SIRT1-deficient, cold-stored livers. Hepatocyte SIRT1 expression regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/XIAP proteins, suppressed cold stress-triggered apoptosis, and mitigated GSDME licensing to release IL18. Notably, consistent with the ability of IL18 to depress hepatocyte SIRT1 and Bcl-2/XIAP in vitro, IL18 neutralization in vivo prevented hepatocellular damage and restored the anti-apoptotic phenotype in otherwise injury-prone SIRT1-deficient OLTs. In conclusion, this translational study identifies a novel hepatocyte SIRT1-IL18 molecular circuit as a therapeutic target in the mechanism underpinning hepatocyte death pathways in human and mouse liver transplantation.
Molecular EPISTOP, a comprehensive multi-omic analysis of blood from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex infants age birth to two years
Authors: Huschner Franz , Głowacka-Walas Jagoda , Mills James D. , Klonowska Katarzyna , Lasseter Kathryn , Asara John M. , Moavero Romina , Hertzberg Christoph , Weschke Bernhard , Riney Kate , Feucht Martha , Scholl Theresa , Krsek Pavel , Nabbout Rima , Jansen Anna C. , Petrák Bořivoj , van Scheppingen Jackelien , Zamecnik Josef , Iyer Anand , Anink Jasper J. , Mühlebner Angelika , Mijnsbergen Caroline , Lagae Lieven , Curatolo Paolo , Borkowska Julita , Sadowski Krzysztof , Domańska-Pakieła Dorota , Blazejczyk Magdalena , Jansen Floor E. , Janson Stef , Urbanska Malgorzata , Tempes Aleksandra , Janssen Bart , Sijko Kamil , Wojdan Konrad , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Kotulska Katarzyna , Lehmann Karola , Aronica Eleonora , Jaworski Jacek , Kwiatkowski David J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present a comprehensive multi-omic analysis of the EPISTOP prospective clinical trial of early intervention with vigabatrin for pre-symptomatic epilepsy treatment in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), in which 93 infants with TSC were followed from birth to age 2 years, seeking biomarkers of epilepsy development. Vigabatrin had profound effects on many metabolites, increasing serum deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) levels 52-fold. Most serum proteins and metabolites, and blood RNA species showed significant change with age. Thirty-nine proteins, metabolites, and genes showed significant differences between age-matched control and TSC infants. Six also showed a progressive difference in expression between control, TSC without epilepsy, and TSC with epilepsy groups. A multivariate approach using enrollment samples identified multiple 3-variable predictors of epilepsy, with the best having a positive predictive value of 0.987. This rich dataset will enable further discovery and analysis of developmental effects, and associations with seizure development in TSC.
Stabilizing lattice oxygen redox in layered sodium transition metal oxide through spin singlet state
Authors: Wang Xuelong , Yin Liang , Ronne Arthur , Zhang Yiman , Hu Zilin , Tan Sha , Wang Qinchao , Song Bohang , Li Mengya , Rong Xiaohui , Lapidus Saul , Yang Shize , Hu Enyuan , Liu Jue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReversible lattice oxygen redox reactions offer the potential to enhance energy density and lower battery cathode costs. However, their widespread adoption faces obstacles like substantial voltage hysteresis and poor stability. The current research addresses these challenges by achieving a non-hysteresis, long-term stable oxygen redox reaction in the P3-type Na2/3Cu1/3Mn2/3O2. Here we show this is accomplished by forming spin singlet states during charge and discharge. Detailed analysis, including in-situ X-ray diffraction, shows highly reversible structural changes during cycling. In addition, local CuO6 Jahn-Teller distortions persist throughout, with dynamic Cu-O bond length variations. In-situ hard X-ray absorption and ex-situ soft X-ray absorption study, along with density function theory calculations, reveal two distinct charge compensation mechanisms at approximately 3.66 V and 3.99 V plateaus. Notably, we observe a Zhang-Rice-like singlet state during 3.99 V charging, offering an alternative charge compensation mechanism to stabilize the active oxygen redox reaction.
Microscopic theory, analysis, and interpretation of conductance histograms in molecular junctions
Authors: Mejía Leopoldo , Cossio Pilar , Franco Ignacio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMolecular electronics break-junction experiments are widely used to investigate fundamental physics and chemistry at the nanoscale. Reproducibility in these experiments relies on measuring conductance on thousands of freshly formed molecular junctions, yielding a broad histogram of conductance events. Experiments typically focus on the most probable conductance, while the information content of the conductance histogram has remained unclear. Here we develop a microscopic theory for the conductance histogram by merging the theory of force-spectroscopy with molecular conductance. The procedure yields analytical equations that accurately fit the conductance histogram of a wide range of molecular junctions and augments the information content that can be extracted from them. Our formulation captures contributions to the conductance dispersion due to conductance changes during the mechanical elongation inherent to the experiments. In turn, the histogram shape is determined by the non-equilibrium stochastic features of junction rupture and formation. The microscopic parameters in the theory capture the junction’s electromechanical properties and can be isolated from separate conductance and rupture force (or junction-lifetime) measurements. The predicted behavior can be used to test the range of validity of the theory, understand the conductance histograms, design molecular junction experiments with enhanced resolution and molecular devices with more reproducible conductance properties.
3D reconstructions of parasite development and the intracellular niche of the microsporidian pathogen Encephalitozoon intestinalis
Authors: Antao Noelle V. , Lam Cherry , Davydov Ari , Riggi Margot , Sall Joseph , Petzold Christopher , Liang Feng-Xia , Iwasa Janet H. , Ekiert Damian C. , Bhabha Gira 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrosporidia are an early-diverging group of fungal pathogens with a wide host range. Several microsporidian species cause opportunistic infections in humans that can be fatal. As obligate intracellular parasites with highly reduced genomes, microsporidia are dependent on host metabolites for successful replication and development. Our knowledge of microsporidian intracellular development remains rudimentary, and our understanding of the intracellular niche occupied by microsporidia has relied on 2D TEM images and light microscopy. Here, we use serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to capture 3D snapshots of the human-infecting species, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, within host cells. We track E. intestinalis development through its life cycle, which allows us to propose a model for how its infection organelle, the polar tube, is assembled de novo in developing spores. 3D reconstructions of parasite-infected cells provide insights into the physical interactions between host cell organelles and parasitophorous vacuoles, which contain the developing parasites. The host cell mitochondrial network is substantially remodeled during E. intestinalis infection, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation. SBF-SEM analysis shows changes in mitochondrial morphology in infected cells, and live-cell imaging provides insights into mitochondrial dynamics during infection. Our data provide insights into parasite development, polar tube assembly, and microsporidia-induced host mitochondria remodeling.