bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural mechanisms of sequential dependence in time perception: the impact of prior task and memory processing
Authors: Cheng Si , Chen Siyi , Glasauer Stefan , Keeser Daniel , Shi Zhuanghua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our perception and decision-making are susceptible to prior context. Such sequential dependence has been extensively studied in the visual domain, but less is known about its impact on time perception. Moreover, there are ongoing debates about whether these sequential biases occur at the perceptual stage or during subsequent post-perceptual processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural mechanisms underlying temporal sequential dependence and the role of action in time judgments across trials. Participants performed a timing task where they had to remember the duration of green coherent motion and were cued to either actively reproduce its duration or simply view it passively. We found that sequential biases in time perception were only evident when the preceding task involved active duration reproduction. Merely encoding a prior duration without reproduction failed to induce such biases. Neurally, we observed activation in networks associated with timing, such as striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, and performance monitoring networks, particularly when a “Response” trial was anticipated. Importantly, the hippocampus showed sensitivity to these sequential biases, and its activation negatively correlated with the individual’s sequential bias following active reproduction trials. These findings highlight the significant role of memory networks in shaping time-related sequential biases at the post-perceptual stages.
Transvenous lead extraction: Experience of the Tandem approach
Authors: Akhtar Zaki , Kontogiannis Christos , Elbatran Ahmed I , Leung Lisa W M , Starck Christoph T , Zuberi Zia , Sohal Manav , Gallagher Mark M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is important in the management of cardiac implantable electronic devices but carries risk. It is most commonly completed from the superior access, often with ‘bail-out’ support via the femoral approach. Superior and inferior access may be used in tandem, which has been proposed as an advance in safety and efficacy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Tandem approach.

Method
The ‘Tandem’ procedure entailed grasping of the targeted lead in the right atrium to provide countertraction as a rotational dissecting sheath was advanced over the lead from the subclavian access. Consecutive ‘Tandem’ procedures performed by a single operator between December 2020 and March 2023 in a single large-volume TLE centre were included and compared with the conventional superior approach (control) using 1:1 propensity score matching; patients were statistically matched for demographics.

Results
The Tandem in comparison with the conventional approach extracted leads of much greater dwell time (148.9 ± 79 vs. 108.6 ± 77 months, P &lt; 0.01) in a shorter procedure duration (96 ± 36 vs. 127 ± 67 min, P &lt; 0.01) but requiring more fluoroscopy (16.4 ± 10.9 vs. 10.8 ± 14.9 min, P &lt; 0.01). The Tandem and control groups had similar clinical (100% vs. 94.7%, P = 0.07) and complete (94.8% vs. 92.8%, P = 0.42) success, with comparable minor (4% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.72) and major (0% vs. 4%, P = 0.25) complications; procedural (0% vs. 1.3%, P = 1) and 30-day (1.3% vs. 4%, P = 0.62) mortality were also similar.

Conclusion
The Tandem procedure is as safe and effective as the conventional TLE. It can be applied to leads of a long dwell time with a potentially shorter procedure duration.
Assessment of prescribing in under-five paediatric outpatients in Nigeria: an application of the POPI (Pediatrics: Omission of Prescription and Inappropriate Prescription) tool
Authors: Ahwinahwi Ufuoma Shalom , Odili Valentine U , Nwachukwu Destiny Obiajulu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluated prescribing in children under the age of five attending paediatric outpatient clinics at three Central hospitals in Delta State, Nigeria and determined the conditions mostly associated with inappropriate prescriptions and omissions.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of prescriptions made to children from 0 to 59 months who attended the clinics. Prescriptions were evaluated using the POPI tool, occurrence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions and prescribing omissions were reported as percentages and inappropriate prescription types and prescription omissions were also reported as frequencies. Relationship between inappropriate prescriptions, omissions of prescriptions and age group and gender were determined, P &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.

Key findings
A total of 1327 prescriptions from the three centres were analyzed. There was a preponderance of infants (&gt;1 month–12 months of age) in the study (43.0%) and a somewhat even gender distribution. Exactly 29.8% of all the prescriptions studied had at least one occurrence of inappropriate prescription. The use of H1 antagonists with sedative or atropine-like effects accounted for the majority of inappropriate prescriptions (49.5%), while the prescription of drinkable amoxicillin or other antibiotics in doses other than mg was the most frequent omission of prescription (97.2%). There was a significant relationship between the occurrence of inappropriate prescription and age group (P &gt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Inappropriate prescriptions and omissions of prescriptions were high and effectively detected by the POPI tool.
Validation ofPenaeus simplex(Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata: Penaeidae), a commercially important prawn from Indonesia
Authors: Chan Tin-Yam , Muchlisin Zainal Abidin , Hurzaid Amirah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe name Penaeus simplex, given to a new species of prawn species by Tin-Yam Chan, Zainal Abidin Muchlisin, and Amirah Hurzaid (2021) in an article published in Journal of Crustacean Biology (https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa096) is deemed to be unavailable according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Code) because that article is an electronic-only publication and did not include a ZooBank registration number (LSID). The present note serves to validate the name Penaeus simplex by fulfilling the requirements of the Code.
Interspecific variation in lower temperature thresholds of an assemblage of wintering bats
Authors: Andersen Brett R , Stevens Richard D , Grimshaw Jenna R , McGuire Liam P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Winter presents environmental and energetic challenges for temperate insectivorous bats as colder temperatures increase metabolic rates while simultaneously reducing resource availability. While bats in northern regions typically hibernate or migrate to circumvent these adverse conditions, there is growing evidence of winter bat activity as weather permits. Bats at lower latitudes may experience shorter, milder winters, increasing opportunities for activity. To better understand the relationship between ambient temperature and winter bat activity, we deployed acoustic detectors in central Louisiana and eastern Texas and examined data at 3 levels of biological organization: overall bat activity, species richness, and species-specific activity. Across 1,576 detector-nights, we recorded 37,435 bat passes. Bats responded positively to warmer temperatures but the temperature threshold for winter activity varied among species, ranging from 7.2 to 15.6 °C. Consequently, observed species richness increased at warmer ambient temperatures. With activity linked to environmental conditions in a species-specific manner, different subsets of the winter bat assemblage may be active from night to night. Additionally, our study adds to a rather limited body of literature of winter bat activity and provides a baseline for future studies as white-nose syndrome and climate change affect North American bat populations.
Method of primary breast cancer detection and the disease-free interval, adjusting for lead time
Authors: de Munck Linda , Eijkelboom Anouk H , Otten Johannes D M , Broeders Mireille J M , Siesling Sabine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the impact of screen-detected breast cancer compared with clinically detected breast cancer on the disease-free interval (ie, free from locoregional recurrences, distant metastasis, contralateral breast cancer). Moreover, it is thought that most studies overestimate the beneficial effect of screening, as they do not adjust for lead time. We investigated the association between method of breast cancer detection and disease-free interval, taking lead time into account.

Methods
Women aged 50-76 years, diagnosed with breast cancer between 2005 and 2008 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Women diagnosed in 2005 were divided into screen-detected and clinically detected cancer and had a follow-up of 10 years (2005 cohort). Women diagnosed in 2006-2008 were divided into screen-detected, interval, and nonscreen-related cancer and had a follow-up of 5 years (2006-2008 cohort). A previously published method was used to adjust for lead time. Analyses were repeated correcting for confounding variables instead of lead time.

Results
The 2005 cohort included 6215 women. Women with screen-detected cancer had an improved disease-free interval compared with women with clinically detected cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.68 to 0.87). The 2006-2008 cohort included 15 176 women. Women with screen-detected or interval cancer had an improved disease-free interval compared with women with nonscreen-related cancer (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.88; HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.99, respectively). Correcting for confounders instead of lead time did not change associations.

Conclusion
Women with screen-detected cancer had an improved disease-free interval compared with women with a nonscreen-related or clinically detected cancer, after correction for lead time.
Combining individual- and population-level data to develop a Bayesian parity-specific fertility projection model
Authors: Ellison Joanne , Berrington Ann , Dodd Erengul , Forster Jonathan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fertility projections are vital to anticipate demand for maternity and childcare services, among other uses. Models typically use aggregate population-level data alone, ignoring the richness of individual-level data. We hence develop a Bayesian parity-specific projection model combining such data sources. We apply our method to England and Wales, using individual-level data from Understanding Society. Fitting generalised additive models gives smooth projections across age, cohort, and time since last birth. We also incorporate prior beliefs about the relative importance of the data sources. Our approach generates plausible forecasts by individual-level variables including educational qualification, despite their absence in the population-level data.
Observational bias and young massive cluster characterization − II. Can Gaia accurately observe young clusters and associations?
Authors: Buckner Anne S M , Naylor Tim , Dobbs Clare L , Rieder Steven , Bending Thomas J R 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Observations of clusters suffer from issues such as completeness, projection effects, resolving individual stars, and extinction. As such, how accurate measurements and conclusions are likely to be? Here, we take cluster simulations (Westerlund2- and Orion-type), synthetically observe them to obtain luminosities, accounting for extinction, and the inherent limits of Gaia, then place them within the real Gaia DR3 catalogue. We then attempt to rediscover the clusters at distances of between 500 and 4300 pc. We show the spatial and kinematic criteria that are best able to pick out the simulated clusters, maximizing completeness, and minimizing contamination. We then compare the properties of the ‘observed’ clusters with the original simulations. We looked at the degree of clustering, the identification of clusters and subclusters within the data sets, and whether the clusters are expanding or contracting. Even with a high level of incompleteness (e.g. $\lt 2~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ stellar members identified), similar qualitative conclusions tend to be reached compared to the original data set, but most quantitative conclusions are likely to be inaccurate. Accurate determination of the number, stellar membership, and kinematic properties of subclusters are the most problematic to correctly determine, particularly at larger distances due to the disappearance of cluster substructure as the data become more incomplete, but also at smaller distances where the misidentification of asterisms as true structure can be problematic. Unsurprisingly, we tend to obtain better quantitative agreement of properties for our more massive Westerlund2-type cluster. We also make optical style images of the clusters over our range of distances.
Needlet Karhunen–Loève (NKL): a method for cleaning foregrounds from 21 cm intensity maps
Authors: Podczerwinski John , Timbie Peter T 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper introduces a technique called needlet Karhunen–Loéve (NKL), which cleans both polarized and unpolarized foregrounds from H i intensity maps by applying a Karhunen–Loéve transform on the needlet coefficients. In NKL, one takes advantage of correlations not only along the line of sight, but also between different angular regions, referred to as ‘chunks’. This provides a distinct advantage over many of the standard techniques applied to map space that one finds in the literature, which do not consider such spatial correlations. Moreover, the NKL technique does not require any priors on the nature of the foregrounds, which is important when considering polarized foregrounds. We also introduce a modified version of Generalized Needlet Internal Linear Combination (GNILC), referred to as MGNILC, which incorporates an approximation of the foregrounds to improve performance. The NKL and MGNILC techniques are tested on simulated maps which include polarized foregrounds. Their performance is compared to the GNILC, generalized morphological component analysis, independent component analysis, and principal component analysis techniques. Two separate tests were performed. One at 1.84 &lt; z &lt; 2.55 and the other at 0.31 &lt; z &lt; 0.45. NKL was found to provide the best performance in both tests, providing a factor of 10–50 improvement over GNILC at $k \lt 0.1\, {\rm hMpc^{-1}}$ in the higher redshift case and $k \lt 0.03 \, {\rm hMpc^{-1}}$ in the lower redshift case. However, none of the methods were found to recover the power spectrum satisfactorily at all baryon acoustic oscillations scales.
Planetary perturbers: flaring star–planet interactions in Kepler and TESS
Authors: Ilin Ekaterina , Poppenhäger Katja , Chebly Judy , Ilić Nikoleta , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
In many star–planet systems discovered so far, the innermost planet orbits within only a few stellar radii. In these systems, planets could become in situ probes of the extended stellar magnetic field. Because they disturb the field as they move, they are expected to trigger flares in the corona. Potential differences to the energies and morphologies of intrinsic flares are poorly constrained. However, as we expect planet-induced flares to correlate with the planet’s orbital period, we can identify them from a clustering of flares in phase with the planet’s orbit. We used the excellent phase coverage from Kepler and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite to find flaring star–planet systems, compile a catalogue of all their flares, and measure how much they cluster in orbital phase. In the 1811 searched systems, we found 25 single stars with three or more flares each. We quantified the significance of the clustering in each system, and compared it against the theoretically expected power of magnetic interaction that leads to planet-induced flaring. Most systems do not show any clustering, consistent with low expected power. Those we expect to show clustering fall on two branches. An inactive one, without any signs of clustering, and a tentative active one, where the clustering becomes more pronounced as the expected power of interaction increases. The flares in HIP 67522 are prominently clustered (p &lt; 0.006). This young hot Jupiter system is the most promising candidate for magnetic star–planet interaction in our sample.
Scalar–tensor–vector–gravity and NGC-1277
Authors: Moffat John W , Toth Viktor T 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
NGC1277 is a compact but massive lenticular galaxy that shows no signs of the presence of dark matter. We find that this galaxy’s behaviour is consistent not only with Newtonian dynamics, but also with the predictions of scalar–tensor–vector–gravity, also known as MOG (MOdified Gravity). The compact size of the galaxy, in combination with its large mass, ensures that there are no observable deviations between the predictions of Newtonian and MOG orbital velocities within the galaxy’s visible radius.
DEIMOS spectroscopy of z = 6 protocluster candidate in COSMOS – a massive protocluster embedded in a large-scale structure?
Authors: Brinch Malte , Greve Thomas R , Sanders David B , McPartland Conor J R , Chartab Nima , Gillman Steven , Vijayan Aswin P , Lee Minju M , Brammer Gabriel , Casey Caitlin M , Ilbert Olivier , Jin Shuowen , Magdis Georgios , McCracken H J , Sillassen Nikolaj B , Toft Sune , Zavala Jorge A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results of our Keck/DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph spectroscopic follow-up of candidate galaxies of i-band-dropout protocluster candidate galaxies at z ∼ 6 in the COSMOS field. We securely detect Lyman α emission lines in 14 of the 30 objects targeted, 10 of them being at z = 6 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5–20; the remaining galaxies are either non-detections or interlopers with redshift too different from z = 6 to be part of the protocluster. The 10 galaxies at z ≈ 6 make the protocluster one of the riches at z &gt; 5. The emission lines exhibit asymmetric profiles with high skewness values ranging from 2.87 to 31.75, with a median of 7.37. This asymmetry is consistent with them being Ly α, resulting in a redshift range of z = 5.85–6.08. Using the spectroscopic redshifts, we recalculate the overdensity map for the COSMOS field and find the galaxies to be in a significant overdensity at the 4σ level, with a peak overdensity of δ = 11.8 (compared to the previous value of δ = 9.2). The protocluster galaxies have stellar masses derived from Bagpipes spectral energy distribution fits of $10^{8.29}\!-\!10^{10.28} \rm \, M_{\rm \odot }$ and star formation rates of $2\!-\!39\, \rm M_{\rm \odot }\rm \, yr^{-1}$, placing them on the main sequence at this epoch. Using a stellar-to-halo-mass relationship, we estimate the dark matter halo mass of the most massive halo in the protocluster to be $\sim 10^{12}\rm M_{\rm \odot }$. By comparison with halo mass evolution tracks from simulations, the protocluster is expected to evolve into a Virgo- or Coma-like cluster in the present day.
Graphene binding on black phosphorus enables high on/off ratios and mobility
Authors: Lin Fanrong , Cao Zhonghan , Xiao Feiping , Liu Jiawei , Qiao Jiabin , Xue Minmin , Hu Zhili , Liu Ying , Lu Huan , Zhang Zhuhua , Martin Jens , Tong Qingjun , Guo Wanlin , Liu Yanpeng 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Graphene is one of the most promising candidates for integrated circuits due to its robustness against short-channel effects, inherent high carrier mobility and desired gapless nature for Ohmic contact, but it is difficult to achieve satisfactory on/off ratios even at the expense of its carrier mobility, limiting its device applications. Here, we present a strategy to realize high back-gate switching ratios in a graphene monolayer with well-maintained high mobility by forming a vertical heterostructure with a black phosphorus multi-layer. By local current annealing, strain is introduced within an established area of the graphene, which forms a reflective interface with the rest of the strain-free area and thus generates a robust off-state via local current depletion. Applying a positive back-gate voltage to the heterostructure can keep the black phosphorus insulating, while a negative back-gate voltage changes the black phosphorus to be conductive because of hole accumulation. Then, a parallel channel is activated within the strain-free graphene area by edge-contacted electrodes, thereby largely inheriting the intrinsic carrier mobility of graphene in the on-state. As a result, the device can provide an on/off voltage ratio of &gt;103 as well as a mobility of ∼8000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, meeting the low-power criterion suggested by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.
Brain developmental and cortical connectivity changes in transgenic monkeys carrying the human-specific duplicated gene SRGAP2C
Authors: Meng Xiaoyu , Lin Qiang , Zeng Xuerui , Jiang Jin , Li Min , Luo Xin , Chen Kaimin , Wu Haixu , Hu Yan , Liu Cirong , Su Bing 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Human-specific duplicated genes contributed to phenotypic innovations during the origin of our own species, such as an enlarged brain and highly developed cognitive abilities. While prior studies on transgenic mice carrying the human-specific SRGAP2C gene have shown enhanced brain connectivity, the relevance to humans remains unclear due to the significant evolutionary gap between humans and rodents. In this study, to investigate the phenotypic outcome and underlying genetic mechanism of SRGAP2C, we generated transgenic cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) carrying the human-specific SRGAP2C gene. Longitudinal MRI imaging revealed delayed brain development with region-specific volume changes, accompanied by altered myelination levels in the temporal and occipital regions. On a cellular level, the transgenic monkeys exhibited increased deep-layer neurons during fetal neurogenesis and delayed synaptic maturation in adolescence. Moreover, transcriptome analysis detected neotenic expression in molecular pathways related to neuron ensheathment, synaptic connections, extracellular matrix and energy metabolism. Cognitively, the transgenic monkeys demonstrated improved motor planning and execution skills. Together, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the newly evolved gene shapes the unique development and circuitry of the human brain.