bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided primary and secondary prophylaxis for gastric variceal bleeding
Authors: Sarkis Yara , Masuoka Howard , Ghabril Marwan , Gutta Aditya , Al‐Haddad Mohammad A. , Stainko Sarah , Cohen Lainna , Perkins Anthony , DeWitt John M. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided injection of cyanoacrylate (CYA) for primary prophylaxis (PP) of gastric varices (GV) is controversial. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of this intervention.MethodsPatients treated for PP of GV bleeding by EUS injection of CYA with or without coils were identified. Endoscopic techniques, outcomes, and adverse events (AEs) were reviewed and compared with a group treated for secondary prophylaxis (SP). Patients were followed until: (i) loss to follow‐up; (ii) GV bleeding; (iii) interventional radiology or surgery decompression; (iv) liver transplant; or (v) death or comfort care.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen patients (61 men; mean 59 ± 12 years) underwent EUS for PP (n = 24) or SP (n = 95). The PP group was treated with CYA alone (n = 18) or with coils (n = 4). Eight (33%) mild (n = 6) or moderate (n = 2) AEs and no index GV bleeding occurred during a mean of 6.1 ± 5.9 months follow‐up. Repeat EUS in 22 (92%) PP patients showed 7 (32%) residual GVs, which were retreated with CYA alone (n = 6) or with coils (n = 1). Two (29%) mild (n = 1) or moderate (n = 1) AEs occurred after repeat EUS and 1/22 (5%) index GV bleed occurred during a mean 23 ± 25 months follow‐up. Compared to the SP group, the PP group had lower Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (P = 0.03), fewer GV stigmata (P < 0.001), required less CYA (P = 0.019) during index EUS, and had a longer time between index and surveillance EUS (P = 0.014). The incidence of AEs and GV bleeding between the two groups were similar.ConclusionPosttreatment GV bleeding and AEs are similar following EUS‐guided primary and secondary GV prophylaxis.
Achalasia phenotypes and prediction of peroral endoscopic myotomy outcomes using machine learning
Authors: Takahashi Kazuya , Sato Hiroki , Shimamura Yuto , Abe Hirofumi , Shiwaku Hironari , Shiota Junya , Sato Chiaki , Hamada Kenta , Ominami Masaki , Hata Yoshitaka , Fukuda Hisashi , Ogawa Ryo , Nakamura Jun , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Ikebuchi Yuichiro , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Terai Shuji , Inoue Haruhiro 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) and esophagography are used for achalasia diagnosis; however, achalasia phenotypes combining esophageal motility and morphology are unknown. Moreover, predicting treatment outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in treatment‐naïve patients remains an unmet need.MethodsIn this multicenter cohort study, we included 1824 treatment‐naïve patients diagnosed with achalasia. In total, 1778 patients underwent POEM. Clustering by machine learning was conducted to identify achalasia phenotypes using patients' demographic data, including age, sex, disease duration, body mass index, and HRM/esophagography findings. Machine learning models were developed to predict persistent symptoms (Eckardt score ≥3) and reflux esophagitis (RE) (Los Angeles grades A–D) after POEM.ResultsMachine learning identified three achalasia phenotypes: phenotype 1, type I achalasia with a dilated esophagus (n = 676; 37.0%); phenotype 2, type II achalasia with a dilated esophagus (n = 203; 11.1%); and phenotype 3, late‐onset type I–III achalasia with a nondilated esophagus (n = 619, 33.9%). Types I and II achalasia in phenotypes 1 and 2 exhibited different clinical characteristics from those in phenotype 3, implying different pathophysiologies within the same HRM diagnosis. A predictive model for persistent symptoms exhibited an area under the curve of 0.70. Pre‐POEM Eckardt score ≥6 was the greatest contributing factor for persistent symptoms. The area under the curve for post‐POEM RE was 0.61.ConclusionAchalasia phenotypes combining esophageal motility and morphology indicated multiple disease pathophysiologies. Machine learning helped develop an optimal risk stratification model for persistent symptoms with novel insights into treatment resistance factors.
Brain structural correlates of psychopathic traits in elite female combat‐sports athletes
Authors: González‐Alemañy Eduardo , Rodríguez Olivera Anelin Dayris , Bobes María Antonieta , Armony Jorge L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPsychopathy is characterized by glibness and superficial charm, as well as a lack of empathy, guilt and remorse, and is often accompanied by antisocial behaviour. The cerebral bases of this syndrome have been mostly studied in violent subjects or those with a criminal history. However, the antisocial component of psychopathy is not central to its conceptualization, and in fact, psychopathic traits are present in well‐adjusted, non‐criminal individuals within the general population. Interestingly, certain psychopathy characteristics appear to be particularly pronounced in some groups or professions. Importantly, as these so‐called adaptive or successful psychopaths do not show antisocial tendencies or have significant psychiatric comorbidities, they may represent an ideal population to study this trait. Here, we investigated such a group, specifically elite female judo athletes, and compared them with matched non‐athletes. Participants completed psychopathy, anger, perspective‐taking and empathic concern questionnaires and underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Grey matter volume (GMV) was computed using voxel‐based morphometry from the T1‐weighted images. Athletes scored significantly higher in primary psychopathy and anger and lower in empathy and perspective taking. They also exhibited smaller GMV in the right temporal pole, left occipital cortex and left amygdala/hippocampus. GMV values for the latter cluster significantly correlated with primary psychopathy scores across both groups. These results confirm and extend previous findings to a little‐studied population and provide support for the conceptualization of psychopathy as a dimensional personality trait which not only is not necessarily associated with antisocial behaviour but may potentially have adaptive value.
Antiseizure medication ≤48 hours portends better prognosis in new‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Ménétré Eric , De Stefano Pia , Megevand Pierre , Sarasin François P. , Vargas Maria I. , Kleinschmidt Andreas , Vulliemoz Serge , Picard Fabienne , Seeck Margitta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies found that patients with new‐onset epilepsy (NOE) have higher seizure recurrence rates if they presented already prior seizures. These observations suggest that timing of antiseizure medication (ASM) is crucial and should be offered immediately after the first seizure. Here, we wanted to assess whether immediate ASM is associated with improved outcome.MethodsSingle‐center study of 1010 patients (≥16 years) who presented with a possible first seizure in the emergency department between 1 March 2010 and 1 March 2017. A comprehensive workup was launched upon arrival, including routine electroencephalography (EEG), brain computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, long‐term overnight EEG and specialized consultations. We followed patients for 5 years comparing the relapse rate in patients treated within 48 h to those with treatment >48 h.ResultsA total of 487 patients were diagnosed with NOE. Of the 416 patients (162 female, age: 54.6 ± 21.1 years) for whom the treatment start could be retrieved, 80% (333/416) were treated within 48 h. The recurrence rate after immediate treatment (32%; 107/333) was significantly lower than in patients treated later (56.6%; 47/83; p < 0.001). For patients for whom a complete 5‐year‐follow‐up was available (N = 297, 123 female), those treated ≤48 h (N = 228; 76.8%) had a significantly higher chance of remaining seizure‐free compared with patients treated later (N = 69; 23.2%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this retrospective study, immediate ASM therapy (i.e., within 48 h) was associated with better prognosis up to 5 years after the index event. Prospective studies are required to determine the value of immediate workup and drug therapy in NOE patients.
Shifts in soil ammonia‐oxidizing community maintain the nitrogen stimulation of nitrification across climatic conditions
Authors: Zhang Yong , Cheng Xiaoli , van Groenigen Kees Jan , García‐Palacios Pablo , Cao Junji , Zheng Xunhua , Luo Yiqi , Hungate Bruce A. , Terrer Cesar , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Olesen Jørgen Eivind , Chen Ji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic nitrogen (N) loading alters soil ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) abundances, likely leading to substantial changes in soil nitrification. However, the factors and mechanisms determining the responses of soil AOA:AOB and nitrification to N loading are still unclear, making it difficult to predict future changes in soil nitrification. Herein, we synthesize 68 field studies around the world to evaluate the impacts of N loading on soil ammonia oxidizers and nitrification. Across a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, climate is the most important driver of the responses of AOA:AOB to N loading. Climate does not directly affect the N‐stimulation of nitrification, but does so via climate‐related shifts in AOA:AOB. Specifically, climate modulates the responses of AOA:AOB to N loading by affecting soil pH, N‐availability and moisture. AOB play a dominant role in affecting nitrification in dry climates, while the impacts from AOA can exceed AOB in humid climates. Together, these results suggest that climate‐related shifts in soil ammonia‐oxidizing community maintain the N‐stimulation of nitrification, highlighting the importance of microbial community composition in mediating the responses of the soil N cycle to N loading.
CD8+CD103+PD1+TIM3+ T cells in glioblastoma microenvironment correlate with prognosis
Authors: Romagnoli Giulia , D'Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Capone Imerio , Tavilla Andrea , Canini Irene , Lapenta Caterina , Buccarelli Mariachiara , Giordano Martina , Tirelli Valentina , Sanchez Massimo , Fragale Alessandra , Giannetti Stefano , Di Bonaventura Rina , Lauretti Liverana , Biffoni Mauro , Ricci‐Vitiani Lucia , Pallini Roberto , Gabriele Lucia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase‐wildtype (GB), is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy with poor outcome. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been tested in GB and, despite disappointing results, the identification of a small subgroup of responders underlies the need to improve our understanding of the tumour microenvironment (TME) immunity. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of selected immune checkpoints on tissue‐resident memory T cells (Trm) may predict patient outcome. We conducted a single cohort observational study. Tumour samples were collected from 45 patients with histologically confirmed GB (WHO grade 4) and processed to obtain single‐cell suspensions. Patients were assessed for the correlation of Trm phenotype with overall survival (OS) or progression‐free survival (PFS) using multiparametric flow cytometry and uni/multivariate analyses. Levels of Trm expressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing protein 3 (TIM3) were found to be linked to clinical outcome. Low frequency of Trm expressing PD1 or TIM3 or both markers defined subgroups as independent positive prognostic factors for patient survival. On multivariate analysis, low CD8+CD103+PD1+TIM3+ Trm and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥70 were confirmed to be the most predictive independent factors associated with longer OS (hazard ratios—HR [95%CI]: 0.14 [0.04–0.52] p < 0.001, 0.39 [0.16–0.96] p = 0.04, respectively). The CD8+CD103+ Trm subgroups were also age‐related predictors for survival in GB.
Nursing is not like organised crime: A theoretically informed commentary
Authors: Ayala Ricardo A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThis article aims to contest misrepresentations and distortions of sociological writings on the nursing profession.BackgroundDuring the latest ICN congress in Montreal, it has been suggested that professions, and the nursing profession for that matter, are thought of by sociologists in a similar way as organised crime, meaning that it is like a ‘money sponge’ sucking resources out of society, without however giving anything in return. Allegedly, there would be a distinct branch of sociology depicting the professions in this light.DiscussionBy sketching out relevant sociological ideas, including the sociology of nursing, I explain that there is no tradition portraying the professions as mafias. I demonstrate that while both the professions and organised crime are socially organised, they are radically different in legitimacy. The caring professions are themselves different in ethos from the classic professions, all the more so from criminal organisations. A distinct stream of research in sociology has been devoted to nursing, without however suggesting such an analogy.ConclusionI lament that attendees to the ICN congress were indeed given an inaccurate representation of sociological thinking. Sociologists addressing nursing as a profession tend to highlight processes of emancipation, autonomy, vindication and social justice, as care work is essential to the broader socioeconomic order.Implications for Nursing PolicyWhile nursing as a profession is socially organised, the power devices and tactics it deploys in the sociopolitical arena are characterised by their legitimacy. Unlike organised crime, nursing policymaking is situated within a framework of lawfulness, fairness and transparency.
Real‐world trends in pre‐dialysis blood pressure levels of patients undergoing dialysis in Japan using a web‐based national database
Authors: Sakuma Hirofumi , Matsuki Motoki , Hasebe Naoyuki , Nakagawa Naoki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of hypertension is high among patients undergoing dialysis. We extracted data of patients undergoing dialysis between 2012 and 2020 with recorded pre‐dialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) using a web‐based national database in Japan. Following the 2019 Japanese Society of Hypertension guidelines, we classified SBP and assessed its trends over time based on sex, age, diabetes status, and the anti‐hypertensive medication use. Using the 2020 database, we examined 336,759 Japanese patients undergoing dialysis (114,249 female; 222,510 male). The mean age was 69.4 ± 12.5 years, and the mean SBP was 152.3 ± 24.7 mm Hg. The prevalence rate of pre‐dialysis hypertension was 70.2%, with 32.5%, 24.5%, and 13.2% of patients having grade I, grade II, and grade III hypertension, respectively. From 2014 to 2020, prevalence rate of pre‐dialysis hypertension and absolute values of pre‐dialysis SBP were higher in dialysis patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes across all age groups and sexes. Younger patients with diabetes or those on anti‐hypertensive medication exhibited an SBP of approximately 160 mm Hg. Cerebrovascular death in patients with diabetes was associated with a higher rate of pre‐dialysis hypertension than that in those without diabetes, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of grade III hypertension between the two groups. In conclusion, the mean pre‐dialysis SBP among patients undergoing dialysis remained high, and younger patients with diabetes or those receiving anti‐hypertensive medications had poor blood pressure control. Optimal blood pressure management may be necessary to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Organic fertility management in cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. fosters arthropod biodiversity and complements pest suppression
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Omer , Razaq Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad , Zahid Shayan , Hussain Altaf , Shah Farhan Mahmood 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch on economic, ecological and relative benefits from organic and conventional farming systems has gained significant importance. Organic farming increases species diversity, enhances biological control services, and thus complements sustainable pest management. However, published literature is scarce on cotton crops grown organically with respect to the abundance and diversity of biological control agents and their effects on herbivore populations, typically from developing nations. To address the question, the non‐transgenic cotton variety CIM‐573 was cultivated under two fertility management systems, that is, organic and conventional in 2019 and 2021, and subsequently, differences in the abundance and diversity of arthropod communities were carried out. We applied cattle manure in organic fields 1 month before planting; however, synthetic fertilizers were used in conventional fields. We sampled arthropods weekly after 7 weeks of sowing from the middle rows of treatments for both types of fields. We recorded 10 herbivores as well as eight natural enemy species. Herbivores were more abundant in conventional cotton. However, natural enemies were higher in organic cotton fields. Principal component analysis of herbivores assemblages depicted that Shannon diversity and abundance were positively correlated in the conventional cotton while Menhinick richness and Simpson dominance index were higher in organic cotton. Likewise, natural enemies' abundance, Shannon diversity, Menhinick richness and Simpson dominance were typically more concentrated in organic cultivated cotton. Regression analysis confirmed that the abundance and diversity of natural enemies played a significant role in lowering herbivores populations. Seed cotton yield was significantly higher in conventional cotton and the yield difference between organic and conventional cotton was 27.98%. Our study clearly demonstrates that organic cotton provides more functional and complementary niches to natural enemies and plays a crucial role in pest suppression. Implications of our results for future pest management with respect to ecosystem services in organically grown cotton crops are also discussed.
Highly divergent morphology but a close molecular phylogenetic relationship between two little‐known ciliate genera Actinobolina and Papillorhabdos (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) with description of two new species
Authors: Chi Yong , Tang Danxu , Lei Jingtao , Wei Fan , Al‐Farraj Saleh A. , Bourland William A. , Chen Zigui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFree‐living litostomatean ciliates, prominent microeukaryote predators commonly encountered in freshwater and marine habitats, play vital roles in maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycles. Nevertheless, understanding their biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships remains challenging due to insufficient morphological information and molecular data. As a new contribution to this group, three haptorian ciliates, including two new species (Actinobolina bivacuolata sp. nov. and Papillorhabdos foissneri sp. nov.) and the insufficiently described type species, Actinobolina radians, were isolated from wetlands around Lake Weishan, China and investigated by a combination of living morphology, stained preparations, and 18S rRNA gene sequence data. An illustrated key of the valid species within the two genera is provided. In addition, we reveal the phylogenetic positions of these two genera for the first time. Although they differ in all key morphologic characters such as general appearance (ellipsoidal with numerous tentacles vs. cylindrical), extrusomes (stored in tentacles vs. anchored to pellicle), circumoral kinety (present vs. absent), composition of somatic kineties (kinetosome clusters vs. monokinetids), and number of dorsal brush rows (1 vs. 4), they both cluster in a fully supported clade in the phylogenetic tree, which indicates that the biodiversity and additional molecular markers of this group need further exploration.
Description of a new species of the genus Awaous Valenciennes, 1837 (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) from the middle stretch of the Mahanadi River, Odisha, India, with comments on the Awaous species from India
Authors: Seth Jaya Kishor , Roy Sanmitra , Sura Sameer , Puvala Dilraj , Mishra Subhrendu Sekhar , Mohapatra Anil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA new species of the genus Awaous (Oxudercidae), Awaous motla sp. nov., is described based on 18 specimens collected from the Mahanadi River near Sonepur, Subarnapur District, and 3 specimens from the same river near Boudh bridge, Boudh District of Odisha, India. This species is distinct from its congeners by having a combination of characteristics: relatively small eyes, diameter of 6.6–8.4 in head length (LH); robust and long snout, 2.0–2.6 in LH; eye diameter 2.7–4.1 in snout length; cephalic sensory pore system interrupted with eight pores; predorsal scales 13–15; longitudinal scale series 55–58; gill rakers 2 + 1 + (6–7) on the first gill arch; teeth small, conical, and in a single row on the upper jaw and multiserial (2–3) on the lower jaw. This species is also differentiated from some of its congeners in the nucleotide composition of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene by 8.3%–13.8% Kimura two‐parameter (K2P) distance and belongs to a separate cluster in the maximum likelihood tree analysis. This finding is also supported by the species delimitation analysis based on Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning. The new species holds high commercial value in its locality and needs special conservation attention for sustainable utilization.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards advance directives among clinical nurses: Multicenter cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Gong Miao , Ding Fu , Zhu Yue Ping , Liu Na Wei , Li Ya Ling , Qiu Dan , Fang Qin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of nurses in implementing advance directives (ADs) for older patients and analyze the influencing factors before the establishment of the first advance directives act in China.DesignMulticenter cross‐sectional survey. The standards for reporting the STROBE checklist are used.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study developed a self‐designed structured questionnaire to assess nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices about ADs. Nurses were recruited by stratified random sampling through the Nursing Departments of 12 hospitals in southwest China and were asked to fill out the questionnaire face to face about knowledge, attitudes and practices. Data were analyzed following descriptive statistics, rank‐sum test and multiple linear regression.ResultsThis study included 950 nurses. The study found that nurses were extremely supportive of ADs. Unmarried nurses had better knowledge of ADs than married ones. Nevertheless, there was a discrepancy between the participants' knowledge, attitude and practice. The participants' practice was lower (4.3%) compared with their attitude (81.9%) and knowledge (42.2%). Knowledge on, attitudes towards and standardized procedures for ADs in the workplace affected nursing practice.ConclusionsThe study recommends that courses on ADs and appropriate support from medical institutions should be provided to nurses to increase their knowledge and confidence in implementing ADs. Healthcare professionals should be sufficiently equipped to implement ADs and handle their execution appropriately to provide adequate end‐of‐life care corresponding to patients' wishes.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study results inform rich insights as it discusses the numerous interrelating factors influencing these three fundamental aspects that affect the success of any AD policy by surveying the knowledge, attitudes and practices of clinical nurses. Furthermore, our results hint at distinct areas of improvement in the nursing practice to facilitate the wider implementation and acceptance of ADs in China.Patient or Public ContributionThis study involved no patient.