bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exfoliative sputum cytology of cancers metastatic to the lung
Authors: Ali Tehmina Z. , Zakowski Maureen F. , Yung Rex C.‐W. , Burroughs Frances H. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAlthough largely replaced by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and bronchoscopy, cytological examination of sputum for exfoliated malignant cells still is considered a valuable initial diagnostic test in patients presenting with a lung mass. Thirty‐five cases of secondary/metastatic tumors involving the lung and diagnosed on sputum were retrospectively reviewed from our cytopathology files for a period of 22 yr (1980–2001). Clinical history and the relevant histopathological material were examined and correlated with the cytological findings. In all cases, a history of malignancy was known. Cytological diagnoses included colonic adenocarcinoma (7 cases); non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; 5 cases); malignant melanoma (MM; 5 cases); breast carcinoma (5 cases); Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL; 3 cases); pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2 cases); prostatic adenocarcinoma (2 cases); and 1 case each of urothelial carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatic small‐cell carcinoma, squamous‐cell carcinoma (cervix), and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Cellular preservation was optimal in all cases. The smear background was relatively clean in 25 (71%) cases and predominantly inflamed and/or necrotic in 10 (29%) cases. In non‐lymphoid tumors (27 cases), isolated single malignant cells were seen in 7 (26%) cases (all cases of MM and prostatic adenocarcinoma), whereas 20 (74%) cases displayed fragments with intact tumor architecture. Overall, only 10/35 (29%) cases showed noticeable tumor‐cell necrosis. In one case (LMS), cell block sections were used for immunoperoxidase (IPOX) studies with positive staining for desmin and actin. Exfoliation of cancer cells in sputum from secondary tumors in the lung is a rare phenomenon in current‐day practice, with metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma seen most commonly. Intact tumor architecture was observed in exfoliated cells in 75% of the cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:147–151. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anal cytology: Is there a role for reflex HPV DNA testing?
Authors: Walts A.E. , Thomas P. , Bose S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThere is an increased incidence of anal squamous carcinoma and its precursor lesions (anal intraepithelial neoplasia [AIN]) among persons who engage in anal‐receptive sex. Analogous to cervical cancer screening, anal Papanicplaou (Pap) smears currently are used to screen these high‐risk populations. Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in anal carcinoma pathogenesis and this study was performed to assess the potential role of HPV DNA testing as an adjunct to anal cytology. We correlated cytological diagnoses and HPV DNA (Digene Hybrid Capture [HC II] assay) in anal specimens collected in SurePath liquid medium from 118 patients; 54.8% of cases diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) and 87.8% diagnosed as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or above tested positive for high‐ risk HPV DNA (B+). High‐grade SIL (HSIL) was present in 31 of the 51 patients with follow‐up. Although a cytological diagnosis of ASC‐US or above was a reliable indicator for AIN, cytology frequently did not accurately predict the grade of SIL in subsequent biopsy. Our findings suggest that reflex HPV DNA testing would be helpful in triaging patients diagnosed with ASC‐US. However, patients diagnosed with LSIL or above should go directly to ansocopic biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:152–156. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathologic analysis of paraspinal masses: A study of 59 cases with clinicoradiologic correlation
Authors: Wu Julie M. , Sheth Sheila , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractParaspinal masses (PSM) are uncommon and present a wide spectrum of differential diagnoses on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). We analyzed 59 cases of PSM on FNA in a 15‐yr period, in the context of clinicoradiologic correlation. Radiologic findings, clinical data, and tissue biopsies were reviewed. Patients were 14–83 yr of age (mean 54.7) with a M:F ratio of 1.36:1. Of the 59 cases, 39 (66%) were deemed diagnostic. Of these, 8 (21%) revealed nonneoplastic lesions and 31 (79%) yielded neoplasms: 2 (6%) benign and 29 (94%) malignant. Of the malignant cases, 22 (76%) were metastatic tumors from various sites, while 7 (24%) were cancers from local spread, which included non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, 5) and myeloma (2). Benign neoplasms were nerve sheath tumors. Metastatic tumors consisted of adenocarcinoma, 9; squamous‐cell carcinoma, 3; renal‐cell carcinoma, 1; and non‐small‐cell carcinoma/not otherwise specified (NOS), 9. Twenty‐four (41%) cases received further studies: immunoperoxidase (IPOX) alone, 17 (71%); special stains for microorganisms, 2 (8%); IPOX/other special stains, 4 (17%); and flow cytometry analysis, 1 (4%). Eight (14%) cases received follow‐up biopsies. Half of these biopsies added information to previously “nondiagnostic” FNAs. Of the previously “diagnostic” FNAs, tissue biopsy yielded no additional information. Cytopathologic diagnoses were consistent with the pre‐FNA radiology analyses in 13 (39%) cases. In instances of radiologic and cytopathologic discrepancy (4 cases, 12%), diagnoses made by FNA reversed the initial radiologic impression of neoplasm to infection, and vice versa. PSMs are rare lesions (0.26% of total FNAs done in 15 yr at our institution). The most common lesion encountered is metastatic adenocarcinoma, followed by NHL. Ancillary studies are helpful in difficult cases. In cases of radiologic/cytopathologic discrepancy, FNA diagnoses are more accurate and decisive for patient management. The sensitivity and specificity of a PSM FNA are 88% and 75% respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:157–161. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salivary gland manifestations of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: Fine‐needle aspiration cytology findings. A case report
Authors: Panikar Nirupma , Agarwal Sarla 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML or Rosai–Dorfman disease) is a nonneoplastic, usually self‐limiting disease. Alhough it affects all age groups, it is more commonly seen in young males in their first or second decades. The disease primarily manifests as painless lymphadenopathy of cervical region, but other nodal groups and extranodal sites may also be affected. Seldom SHML may involve the salivary glands. We present the cytologic features and differential diagnoses of one such case.A 45‐yr‐old woman presented with an enlarged submandibular gland on the left side with ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy that had been persisting for 1 mo. The gland and the two enlarged nodes measured 2.5 × 2.5 cm2 each and were firm in consistency. Clinically, tumor of the salivary glands was suspected. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears showed moderate cellularity, with large histiocytes dispersed in the background of intense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. These histiocytes showed lymphophagocytosis. Isolated stromal fragments consisting of fibrocytes were seen separate from salivary acinar clusters on repeat aspirations. The diagnosis of SHML involving left submandibular gland and ipsilateral lymph nodes was returned.When analyzed in the context of clinical findings (laboratory data), the cytologic features of SHML involving salivary gland could be differentiated from those of malignancies and other benign lesions, especially Kuttner's tumor of the submandibular gland, which mimics neoplasm clinically. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:187–190. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical repair on Pap smears: Clinicopathologic correlates in 647 cases
Authors: Levine Pascale Hummel , Elgert Paul A. , Sun Paranee , Simsir Aylin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Bethesda system separates atypical reparative changes (ARC) from “typical” repair and places it into the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) category. The cytologic diagnosis of ARC represents both diagnostic and management challenges because its clinical significance is controversial and has not been fully investigated. On the basis of scant literature on follow‐up of women with ARC on Papanicolaou (Pap) test, we reviewed data from our patient population, which consists of a mixture of low‐ and high‐risk women. Six hundred forty‐seven patients with ARC on their Pap tests were identified in a 7‐yr period. Of this, 189 (29%) women were lost to follow‐up. Of the 458 women with follow‐up, 31% had cervical biopsies and 69% were followed by repeated Pap tests. The age ranged from 16 to 86 (mean 47 yr). The incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesion was 5.2% (5% low‐grade and 0.2% high‐grade). Most women (62%) with ARC on Pap test had a benign condition on follow‐up. For some women, the immediate cause was not known and the Pap abnormality resolved spontaneously. Our study questions the validity of reporting ARC within the ASC‐US category. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:214–217. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Background features of endometrial carcinoma on ThinPrep® cytology
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractConventional smear screening has had little impact on the detection of endometrial carcinoma. Recent studies on liquid‐based preparations show promise with increased detection rates of endometrial lesions. The purpose of this 2‐yr retrospective study (February 1, 2002–February 29, 2004) was to evaluate the background features on ThinPrep® slide preparations from endometrial carcinomas. During this period, 20 (0.06%) cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, of which 15 (75%) showed endometrial carcinoma on cervical or vaginal biopsy. Classic tumor diathesis was present on the slides in 8 (53%) of the cases, the majority of which were from high‐grade tumors. In 1 (7%) case, the tumor diathesis consisted of precipitated protein in a watery background. Tumor diathesis was absent in 6 (40%) of the cases, the majority of which were low‐grade lesions. Background features on ThinPrep® Pap tests™ from patients with endometrial features range from classic tumor diathesis to clean; findings dependent on the histologic type and grade of the tumor and the extent of the disease process. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:162–165 © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fourth‐ and tenth‐order compact finite difference solutions of perturbed circular vortex flows
Authors: Ferreira de Sousa P. J. S. A. , Pereira J. C. F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this study, high‐order compact finite difference calculations are reported for 2D unsteady incompressible circular vortex flow in primitive variable formulation. The fourth‐order Runge–Kutta temporal discretization is used together with fourth‐ or tenth‐order compact spatial discretization. Dependent on the perturbation initially imposed, the solutions display a tripole, triangular or square vortex. The comparison of the predictions with the detailed spectral calculations of Kloosterziel and Carnevale (J. Fluid Mech. 1999; 388:217–257) shows that the vorticity fields are very well captured. The spectral resolution of the present method was quantified from the decomposition of the vorticity distribution in its azimuthal components and compared with reported spectral results. Using identical grid resolution to the reference results yields negligible differences in the main features of the flow. The perturbation amplitude and its first harmonic are virtually identical to the reference results for both fourth‐ or tenth‐order spatial discretization, as theoretically expected but seldom a posteriori verified. The differences between the two spatial discretizations appear only for coarser grids, favouring the tenth‐order discretization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A semi‐Lagrangian level set method for incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with free surface
Authors: Gutiérrez Leo Miguel González , Bermejo Rodolfo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we formulate a level set method in the framework of finite elements‐semi‐Lagrangian methods to compute the solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with free surface. In our formulation, we use a quasi‐monotone semi‐Lagrangian scheme, which is both unconditionally stable and essentially non oscillatory, to compute the advective terms in the Navier–Stokes equations, the transport equation and the equation of the reinitialization stage for the level set function. The method we propose is quite robust and flexible with regard to the mesh and the geometry of the domain, as well as the magnitude of the Reynolds number. We illustrate the performance of the method in several examples, which range from a benchmark problem to test the volume conservation property of the method to the flow past a NACA0012 foil at high Reynolds number. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of daily discharges for the upper Durance catchment (French Alps) using subgrid parameterization for topography and a forest canopy climate model
Authors: Strasser Ulrich , Etchevers Pierre 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study describes the application of the coupled SAFRAN (meteorological variables), ISBA (soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer) and CROCUS (snow cover evolution) models to simulate daily discharges for the upper Durance catchment (French Alps) from 1981 to 1994. The results are validated by comparison with measurements at three gauging stations located in the watershed. Previous investigations have shown a remarkable overestimation of the spring flood peak generated by the modelled snowmelt. It could be significantly improved by increasing the model resolution from 8 km to 1 km, thus more precisely considering the elevation‐dependent snowmelt process. However, it is also possible to use subgrid parameterizations at the coarse grid resolution to improve simulations. This paper investigates the influence of a subgrid parameterization for topography, a subgrid parameterization for the snow cover in a forest canopy and a combination of the two on the simulated spring flood peak. Results show a significant improvement in the simulations by both subgrid parameterizations, in particular by their combination: the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of the daily discharges is improved from 0·73 (original experiment) to 0·77 (subgrid topography), to 0·75 (forest) and to 0·78 (combination of subgrid topography and forest). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of social capital in the promotion of conservation farming: the case of ‘landcare’ in the Southern Philippines
Authors: Cramb R. A. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract‘Social capital’ refers to the relationships of trust, communication, and cooperation that facilitate collective action in a community. It is particularly relevant to soil conservation in developing countries, which requires collective efforts to raise awareness of soil degradation, provide effective training in soil conservation practices, and implement soil conservation measures on individual farms. The Landcare Program in the Southern Philippines promotes simple conservation practices in upland environments through establishing and supporting community landcare groups and municipal landcare associations, thus augmenting the social capital of farmers in these locations. An evaluation of the Landcare Program in Barangay Ned, South Cotabato, based on a survey of 313 farm households and case studies of nine landcare groups, shows that, despite extreme isolation and difficult working conditions, farmers responded by rapidly forming landcare groups and a landcare association, and adopting contour barriers on their maize farms. They utilized the bonding social capital inhering in their local communities to build stocks of bridging social capital, linking them to information, training and resources from outside their immediate locality. A logistic regression model of the factors affecting adoption of contour barriers shows that farmers who had undergone the practical, farmer‐based training provided by the Landcare Program, and who were members of a landcare group, were significantly more likely to adopt conservation measures. These results confirm the value of investing in social capital to promote soil conservation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two cardinals models with gap one revisited
Authors: Shelah Saharon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe succeed to say something on the identities of (μ+, μ) when μ > θ > cf(μ) with μ strong limit θ‐compact or even μ is limit of compact cardinals. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Necessary Maximality Principle for c. c. c. forcing is equiconsistent with a weakly compact cardinal
Authors: Hamkins Joel D. , Hugh Woodin W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Necessary Maximality Principle for c. c. c. forcing with real parameters is equiconsistent with the existence of a weakly compact cardinal. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gas‐Phase Assisted Surface Polymerization Behavior of β‐Propiolactone on Inorganic and Organic Substrates and Consequent Composite Production
Authors: Nishida Haruo , Yamashita Mitsuhiro , Andou Yoshito , Jeong Jae‐Mun , Endo Takeshi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Gas‐phase assisted surface polymerization (GASP) of β‐propiolactone (βPL) was investigated using substrate‐supported anionic initiators to produce a strongly bonded poly(β‐propiolactone) (PPL)/CaO composite and a novel PPL crystalline deposit with a high melting point value on Al plates. The polymerization of βPL smoothly proceeded in the gas phase to give high‐molecular‐weight PPLs having high PDI values. An almost linear relationship between $\overline M _{\rm n}$ value and incremental increase in the deposit suggested the living nature of the GASP of βPL. The obtained polymer‐coated substrates, especially PPL/CaO composite, showed strong interaction at the organic/inorganic interface. Moreover, the thermal and structural analyses of deposits revealed that some specific conformations were formed on CaO powder and Al plate surfaces to give highly crystallized deposits. These results demonstrate that the GASP is an effective method for coating any substrate that has a complex shape and a surface morphology.Accumulation process of poly(β‐propiolactone) on CaO as substrate‐supported initiator during GASP.magnified imageAccumulation process of poly(β‐propiolactone) on CaO as substrate‐supported initiator during GASP.
Case report: Severe acute Parkinsonism associated with streptococcal infection and antibasal ganglia antibodies
Authors: McKee D.H. , Sussman J.D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report the case of a young man who presented with a severe acute akinetic–rigid disorder 2 weeks after complete recovery from an episode of pharyngitis. Magnetic resonance imaging scan abnormalities strikingly localized to the basal ganglia were accompanied by serological evidence of recent streptococcal infection and the presence of anti‐basal ganglia antibodies in the serum. The case represents an unusually clear example in the spectrum of inflammatory neurological disorders associated with streptococcal infection, an etiology that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all acute onset movement disorders. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Unbiased contribution of the first two blastomeres to mouse blastocyst development
Authors: Alarcón Vernadeth B. , Marikawa Yusuke 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSeveral recent studies have proposed a model that the organization of the mouse blastocyst is determined by the pattern of early cleavages: the plane of first cleavage divides the two‐cell embryo into embryonic (Em) and abembryonic (Ab) halves, while the timing of the second cleavages specifies which blastomere becomes the Em half. This model is still controversial because of conflicting observations in various studies. Here, we investigated the possibility that the difference between mouse strains contributed to the discrepancy of the findings of different experiments regarding the relationship between the first two cleavages and the blastocyst axial pattern. First, we showed by using a lipophilic, fluorescent tracer that the plane of the first cleavage bears no consistent spatial relationship to the Em‐Ab axis of the blastocyst regardless of the genotypic background. Secondly, the order of the second cleavage does not correlate with the Em‐Ab polarity of the blastocyst. This was demonstrated by tracing the lineage of the early‐ and later‐dividing two‐cell stage blastomeres in the whole embryo as well as by comparing the developmental potential of isolated early‐ and later‐dividing blastomeres and chimeras made entirely of early‐ or later‐dividing blastomeres. These results suggest that contrary to recent studies, the differences between the early‐ and later‐dividing blastomeres of the two‐cell embryo are not functionally evident and do not define the Em‐Ab polarity of the blastocyst. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to human assisted reproduction and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knockdown of the Dnmt1s transcript using small interfering RNA in primary murine and bovine fibroblast cells
Authors: Adams A.M. , Pratt S.L. , Stice S.L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has rapidly developed into one of the most widely applied technologies in molecular and cellular research, and although young, is now an essential experimental tool. The versatility of RNAi, especially in mammalian species, lends to its potential applications in a wide array of fields. Without having to genetically manipulate the genome, the ability to selectively reduce the level of a specific transcript using small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules has great appeal in studying reprogramming issues in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In such embryos, the aberrant expression of the somatic isoform of Dnmt1 (Dnmt1s), the enzyme responsible for maintaining DNA methylation in all somatic cells, has been implicated as one factor in the improper reprogramming of the donor genome. In the present study, the ability to develop a method allowing for the knockdown, or reduction, of Dnmt1s in primary fibroblast cells, like those commonly used as karyoplast donors in SCNT studies, was investigated in primary murine and bovine fibroblast cells as well as in a compromised cell line (NIH/3T3). Two Dnmt1s‐specific siRNA candidates were designed and tested. Using optimized conditions, these siRNAs were transiently transfected into the cells with total RNA and nuclear protein being collected. A 56.5% knockdown in Dnmt1s was achieved in the compromised and primary murine cells whereas Dnmt1s was reduced by 15.4% in the primary bovine cells. A reduction in Dnmt1s mRNA did not correspond to a reduction in protein as determined by immunodetection of Western blots. Overall, this study demonstrated the ability of siRNA to knockdown Dnmt1s mRNA in primary fibroblast donor cells. In order to substantially increase the efficiency while decreasing the anomalies seen in SCNT, novel techniques, like the one proposed, are needed to assist the oocyte's ability to reprogram a differentiated genome. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.