bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the impedance bandwidth of a planar inverted‐F antenna for mobile handsets
Authors: Wu Tzuenn‐Yih , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSignificant effects of ground‐plane dimensions on the impedance bandwidth of a planar inverted‐F antenna for a UMTS (1920–2170 MHz) mobile handset are presented. Experimental results show that, by varying the ground‐plane length, the antenna studied can have an impedance bandwidth (10 dB return‐loss bandwidth) varying from about 150 to 490 MHz, a variation of more than 300%. Similar behavior has also been observed for the case of varying the ground‐plane width. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 249–251, 2002.
Perceptual model for images transferred through the DAVID satellite system
Authors: Pratesi Marco , Betti Silvello , Santoboni Mauro , Ruggieri Marina , Bonifazi Carlo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe DAVID satellite mission of ASI will pioneer the use of W‐band for collection of high data volume and their forwarding to the Internet. Various data types will be transferred by DAVID, including digital images. The image quality evaluation is considered, stressing the human visual system‐related aspects. A neural network‐based approach is proposed for a clever quality estimation through a suitable combination of results provided by literature methods. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 335–338, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10314
New spur reduction fractional‐N frequency divider
Authors: Boon C. C. , Do M. A. , Yeo K. S. , Ma J. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA spur reduction technique for fractional‐N frequency synthesis is proposed. This technique can fully suppress the fractional spurs. Furthermore, it provides a simple solution to spur reduction and requires only two 2‐to‐1 multiplexers added to the conventional fractional‐N frequency divider. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 355–358, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10320
Novel technique to detect rancidity of oils using microwave microstrip ring resonator
Authors: Sofin R. G. Sumesh , Karekar R. N. , Aiyer R. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present article presents a novel technique to study the rancidity of oils at microwave frequencies through measurements of microwave dielectric properties of liquids. CaCO3(chalk) was used as a noninteracting medium (matrix) to hold the liquids within and is used to perturb the microwave microstrip ring resonator (MMRR). The rancidified oils exhibit high dielectric constants, giving higher changes in resonating frequencies. The method is found to be repeatable. Coconut oil (Cocos nucifera), sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus), rancidified coconut oil and rancidified sunflower oil were studied using this technique. The resonant frequency was measured using a scalar network analyzer (SNA, HP 8757C). The method shows noticeable differences in resonating frequency (few tens of MHz) between fresh oil and rancidified oil. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 377–379, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10327
Monolithic CPW‐based multiband unconditionally stable common source and common gate mesfet amplifiers atKaband
Authors: Hammad Hany F. , Freundorfer Alois P. , Antar Yahia M. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe implementation of new monolithic amplifiers atKaband using a resistive–inductive feedback stabilized transistor is presented. The transistors used are designed to be unconditionally stable over several frequency bands. The design and modeling techniques of the different components of the amplifiers are described. The technique is applied to both MESFET common source and common gate configurations and is implemented in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 1–3, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10354
Hilbert curve fractal antenna: A small resonant antenna for VHF/UHF applications
Authors: Vinoy K. J. , Jose K. A. , Varadan V. K. , Varadan V. V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe usefulness of fractal Hilbert curves in antenna geometry is explored here for the first time. Apart from being simple and self‐similar, these curves have the additional property of approximately filling a plane. These properties are exploited in realizing a “small” resonant antenna. This approach has resulted in an antenna size smaller than λ/10 and still resonant, with performance comparable to a dipole whose resonant length is close to λ/2. Numerical predictions of the input impedance of the antenna have been compared with experiments. The effect of additional fractal iterations on the reduction of the resonant frequency has been studied. The radiation characteristics of the antenna at the resonant frequencies provided show that this is very similar to the dipole characteristics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 215–219, 2001.
Integrated‐circuit pressed‐ceramic package antenna for the single‐chip solution of a wireless transceiver
Authors: Zhang Y. P. , Do M. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel integrated‐circuit pressed‐ceramic package antenna is proposed for the single‐chip solution of a wireless transceiver. The antenna printed on a dual‐in‐line package is studied experimentally at 2.4 GHz. The results show that the antenna has achieved a bandwidth of 15.7% and a gain of −2.0 dBi. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 330–332, 2001.
A triangular dielectric resonator antenna excited by a coaxial probe
Authors: Kishk Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA dielectric resonator antenna of triangle shape is examined numerically and experimentally. The geometry is an equilateral triangular dielectric volume over a ground plane, and is excited by a coaxial probe to provide a broadside radiation pattern. An approximate expression is used to compute the resonance frequency. Results are verified experimentally and numerically. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 340–341, 2001.
Exact noise analysis of distributed preamplifiers for optical receivers
Authors: Moura Luis , Monteiro Paulo , Darwazeh Izzat 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this letter, we present an exact and generic semianalytical tool for the noise characterization of distributed preamplifiers suitable for very high‐capacity optical transmission. The accuracy and flexibility of this tool allow the noise characterization to be effected in terms of input and output current and/or voltage spectral density. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 416–418, 2001.
Effects of slotted and photonic bandgap ground planes on the characteristics of an air‐substrate annular‐ring patch antenna in the TM21mode
Authors: Lin Shun‐Yun , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study on the characteristics of annular‐ring patch antennas with slotted and photonic bandgap (PBG) ground planes for operation in the higher order TM21mode for conical‐pattern radiation. The antenna studied has an air–layer substrate, and is fed using a probe feed. Experimental results show that, for the case with a slotted ground plane, greatly lowered resonant frequency and enhanced impedance bandwidth can be obtained compared to the case with a regular ground plane. However, the front‐to‐back radiation ratio is greatly lowered. As for the case with a PBG ground plane, the impedance bandwidth is also enhanced. On the other hand, the resonant frequency is slightly increased, and the front‐to‐back radiation ratio is improved. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 1–3, 2001.
Analysis of scattering parameters and thermal noise of a MOSFET for its microwave frequency applications
Authors: Goswami Anisha , Gupta Mridula , Gupta R. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA fringing field‐effect‐dependent MOSFET equivalent‐circuit model for its microwave frequency applications has been developed. The thermal noise performance of the device has also been analyzed, including the distributed gate. The equivalent‐current noise source takes into account the thermal noise generated by the resistive and inductive gate, and the results so obtained are compared with experimental/simulated data, and are in close agreement. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 97–105, 2001.
Synovial sarcoma in children and adolescents: Thirty three years of experience with multimodal therapy*
Authors: Okcu M. Fatih , Despa Simona , Choroszy Mary , Berrak Su G. , Cangir Ayten , Jaffe Norman , Raney R. Beverly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundSynovial sarcoma (SS) is the most common type of non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma in childhood, with controversies about its prognosis and treatment.ProcedureWe reviewed medical records of 42 children and adolescents with SS treated at our institution between 1966 and 1999 to determine treatment results and assess prognostic factors.ResultsWith a median follow‐up duration of 7.8 years (range 0.2–22.4 years), 5‐year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 75.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 62–89.2%) and 87.7% (95% CI 77.3–98.1%) respectively. Eleven patients were dead and four others had progressed but were alive without evidence of disease after further therapy. IRS grouping and tumor invasiveness were found to be significant prognostic indicators (P < 0.01 and = 0.02, respectively). Patients with initial gross total resection (IRS I and II) and non‐invasive tumors (T1) were most likely to have prolonged PFS and OS. Patients with small tumors (< 5 cm) (P = 0.09) or with monophasic histology (P = 0.14) had better PFS and OS.ConclusionsAchieving a complete resection or gross total resection with microscopic residual disease is vital for survival of patients with localized SS. Patients with localized disease who received radiotherapy had improved local control. Chemotherapy did not seem to impact PFS or OS. Future large multi‐institutional trials are needed to address whether post‐operative chemotherapy is necessary for patients with localized, surgically removed tumors, whether radiotherapy is necessary for patients with completely resected tumors, and to ascertain the order of importance of all the candidate prognostic markers. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:90–96. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization and roles in fertilization of sperm proteasomes in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi
Authors: Sawada Hitoshi , Takahashi Youko , Fujino Junko , Flores Sandra Y. , Yokosawa Hideyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe previously reported that sperm proteasome is responsible for degradation of the ubiquitinated vitelline‐coat during fertilization in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Here, we report the roles in fertilization and localization in the sperm cell surface of H. roretzi sperm proteasome. An anti‐proteasome antibody, as well as the proteasome inhibitors MG115 and MG132, inhibited the fertilization, indicating that the sperm proteasome functions extracellularly in ascidian fertilization. In order to further assess this issue, the sperm surface proteasome activity was labeled with a cell‐impermeable labeling reagent, NHS‐LC‐biotin, extracted with 0.1% CHAPS, and was subjected to a pull‐down assay with avidin–agarose beads. It was found that a substantial amount of sperm proteasome is exposed to the cell surface. Partition analysis with Triton X‐114 also revealed that a considerable amount of the sperm proteasome activity is partitioned into a lipid layer. Localization of the proteasome activity was investigated by fluorescence microscopy with succinyl‐Leu‐Leu‐Val‐Tyr‐4‐methylcoumaryl‐7‐amide as a substrate. The sperm proteasome activity was specifically detected in the sperm head region, and it was markedly activated upon sperm activation. The membrane‐associated proteasome was purified from the membrane fraction of H. roretzi sperm by affinity chromatography using an anti‐20S proteasome antibody‐immobilized Sepharose column. SDS–PAGE of the purified preparation showed a similar pattern of subunit composition to that of the 26S proteasome of mammalian origin. Taken together, these results indicate that H. roretzi sperm has the membrane‐associated proteasome on its head, which is activated upon sperm activation, and that sperm proteasome plays an essential role in H. roretzi fertilization. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 271–276, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyaluronan is an abundant constituent of the extracellular matrix of Xenopus embryos
Authors: Müllegger Johannes , Lepperdinger Günter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe spatiotemporal distribution of hyaluronan (HA), a major constituent of the vertebrate extracellular matrix, was analyzed during early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. This polysaccharide is abundantly present in ventricular structures such as the blastocoel, the archenteron as well as later on in the hepatic cavity, the brain ventricles and the developing heart. At the blastula stage, HA was detected in the extracellular matrix of the ecto‐ and mesodermal primordia. Shortly before gastrulation, it becomes enriched at the basal site of the superficial cell layer of the ectoderm. During gastrulation, enhanced synthesis of HA takes place in the involuting marginal zone, shortly before invagination starts, hence, resulting in a torus‐like deposition in the deep layer of the equatorial mesodermal primordium. After gastrulation, HA appears to accumulate within the extracellular matrix demarcating the primary germ layers. During tailbud stages, it is found highly enriched in many mesodermal derivatives, e.g., in mesenchyme, the heart, precordal cartilage and the lung primordia. Furthermore, extracellular matrix of the ventral mesodermal cell layer in the trunk region and the immediate proximity of blood vessels contain high amounts of HA. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 312–316, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial defects in neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Wallace Douglas C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOver the past 12 years, a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases has been linked to mutations in mitochondrial genes located in either the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or the nuclear DNA (nDNA). These disorders encompass an array of unorthodox inheritance patterns and a plethora of symptoms ranging from lethal neonatal multi‐symptom disorders to later onset myopathies, cardiomyopathies, movement disorders, and dementias. The bases for the genetic and phenotypic variability of mitochondrial diseases lie in the multiplicity of the mitochondria genes dispersed across the human genome and the variety of cellular pathways and functions in which the mitochondria play a central role. MRDD Research Reviews 2001;7:158–166. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Traumatic brain injury: Developmental differences in glutamate receptor response and the impact on treatment
Authors: Lea Paul M. , Faden Alan I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPerinatal brain injury following trauma, hypoxia, and/or ischemia represents a substantial cause of pediatric disabilities including mental retardation. Such injuries lead to neuronal cell death through either necrosis or apoptosis. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies implicate ionotropic (iGluRs) and metabotropic (mGluRs) glutamate receptors in the modulation of such cell death. Expression of glutamate receptors changes as a function of developmental age, with substantial implications for understanding mechanisms of post‐injury cell death and its potential treatment. Recent findings suggest that the developing brain is more susceptible to apoptosis after injury and that such caspase mediated cell death may be exacerbated by treatment with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonists. Moreover, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors appear to have opposite effects on necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Understanding the relative roles of glutamate receptors in post‐traumatic or post‐ischemic cell death as a function of developmental age may lead to novel targeted approaches to the treatment of pediatric brain injury. MRDD Research Reviews 2001;7:235–248. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limitations and requirements of diffusion tensor fiber tracking: An assessment using simulations
Authors: Tournier J.‐D. , Calamante F. , King M.D. , Gadian D.G. , Connelly A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiffusion tensor fiber tracking potentially can give information about in vivo brain connectivity. However, this technique is difficult to validate due to the lack of a gold standard. Fiber tracking reliability will depend on the quality of the data and on the robustness of the algorithms used. Information about the effects of various anatomical and image acquisition parameters on fiber tracking reliability may be used in the design of imaging sequences and of tracking algorithms. In this study, tracking was performed on two different simulated models to study the effects on tracking quality of SNR, anisotropy, curvature, fiber cross‐section, background anisotropy, step size, and interpolation. Tracking was also performed on volunteer data to assess the relevance of the simulations to real data. Our results show that, in general, tracking with high SNR and high anisotropy using interpolation and a low step size gives the most reliable results. Partial volume effects are shown to have a detrimental effect when the background is anisotropic and when tracking narrow fibers. The results derived from real data show similar trends and thus support the findings of the simulations. These simulations may therefore help to determine which structures can be tracked for a given image quality. Magn Reson Med 47:701–708, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time cardiac cine imaging with SPIDER: Steady‐state projection imaging with dynamic echo‐train readout
Authors: Larson Andrew C. , Simonetti Orlando P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSteady‐state projection imaging with dynamic echo‐train readout (SPIDER) is a multiecho radial k‐space trajectory TrueFISP sequence developed for real‐time cine imaging of the heart. This new pulse sequence combines the superior SNR and blood‐to‐myocardium contrast of TrueFISP with the increased scan time efficiency of EPI and undersampled projection reconstruction. SPIDER sequence RF repetition time (TR) was minimized by limiting the echo‐train to a length of three while acquiring the first and third echoes asymmetrically. A temporal resolution of 45 ms was achieved with TR/TE1/TE2/TE3 of 3.24/0.6/1.6/2.6 ms and a factor of 2 view sharing scheme. Phantom experiments showed little difference between the
weighting of the signals acquired at each of the echo times but did show considerable off‐resonance modulation between them. In vivo experiments demonstrated the feasibility of using the SPIDER sequence for real‐time imaging in the cardiac short axis orientation. Magn Reson Med 46:1059–1066, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of dystrophinopathy by skin biopsy
Authors: Niiyama Takahito , Higuchi Itsuro , Sakoda Shunichi , Matsumura Tsuyoshi , Fukunaga Hidetoshi , Osame Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe studied the expression of dystrophin in skin biopsy samples from 19 patients with neuromuscular diseases. Immunohistochemical procedures for dystrophin analyses were performed using monoclonal antibodies for three different domains. Arrector pili muscles, which are smooth muscles in the skin, expressed dystrophin in the patients with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (5), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (1), and spinal muscular atrophy (3), and in normal controls (2). The C‐terminus of dystrophin was slightly expressed in the patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, whereas the rod domain and N‐terminus were absent. In one patient with Becker muscular dystrophy, the expression of dystrophin was reduced. The mosaic of dystrophin positive and negative smooth muscle fibers was observed in a manifesting carrier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our results suggest that skin biopsy is very useful for the diagnosis of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy and manifesting carrier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and can be performed even at an advanced stage of the disease. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002 DOI 10.1002/mus.10040
Biodegradable p(DLLA‐ϵ‐CL) nerve guides versus autologous nerve grafts: Electromyographic and video analysis
Authors: Meek Marcel F. , Van Der Werff John F.A. , Nicolai Jean‐Philipe A. , Gramsbergen Albert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the functional effects of bridging a gap in the sciatic nerve of the rat with either a biodegradable copolymer of DL‐lactide and ϵ‐caprolactone [p(DLLA‐ϵ‐CL)] nerve guide or an autologous nerve graft. Electromyograms (EMGs) of the gastrocnemius (GC) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were recorded 3.5 and 5 months after bridging the nerve gaps. Furthermore, the rats' gait was recorded on video and the quality of the gait was analyzed. EMG patterns of the contralateral nonoperated side were essentially normal. The EMG patterns on the operated side were irregular in all animals, but the quality of gait was better in the nerve guide group. We conclude that the surgical technique (nerve guide or nerve graft) does not influence the occurrence of abnormal EMG patterns, but gait improves to a greater extent when the nerve gap is bridged by a nerve guide. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 753–759, 2001
Contractile properties of human motor units in health, aging, and disease
Authors: Chan K. Ming , Doherty Timothy J. , Brown William F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe primary function of skeletal muscle is to produce force for postural control and movement. Although the contractile properties of the whole muscle are useful functional indicators, they do not accurately reflect the heterogeneity of the constituent motor units (MUs) and their changes in health and disease. However, data on the contractile properties of human MUs, in comparison to other animal species, are relatively sparse. This, in part, is due to greater methodological challenges of in vivo studies of MUs in the human. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise the methods used in humans; to describe the normative data from different muscle groups; to discuss differences between data from healthy humans and other animal species; and, last, to characterize changes of the MU contractile properties in aging, disease, and in response to intervention. Because the spike‐triggered averaging technique can only be used to study the twitch properties, other methods were subsequently developed to measure a wider range of contractile properties. Although there is general agreement between human data and those from other animal species, major differences do exist. Potential reasons for these discrepancies include true biological differences, but differences in the techniques used may also be responsible. Although limited, measurement of MU contractile properties in humans has provided insight into the changes associated with aging and motoneuronal diseases and provides a means of gauging their adaptive capacity for training and immobilization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1113–1133