bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Options in Managing Convergent Strabismus Fixus Related to High Myopia
Authors: Zarwan Jessica , Suardana Gusti G , Bani Anna P 
Published: January 2024

Â Background: Convergent strabismus fixus is a condition in which one or both eyes are anchored in extreme adduction. This condition is caused by superotemporal herniation of the enlarged globe from the muscle cone through the space between the superior and lateral rectus muscle. It is commonly related to high myopia. Recently, transposition type procedure which unite the superior and lateral rectus muscles were proposed as the treatment of choice in this condition. However, there is no clear consensus regarding the best surgical procedure in convergent strabismus fixus. This case series reported three rare cases of convergent strabismus fixus related to high myopia and highlight the option of surgical procedure that can be done in these cases. Case Illustration: Three patients presented with convergent strabismus fixus of both eyes with history of bilateral high myopia since childhood. All patients showed Krimsky tests of >95Î”ET preoperatively, with medial displacement of superior rectus and inferior displacement of lateral rectus of both eyes in all patients on orbital imaging. The bilateral Yokoma procedure both resulted in an orthophoric postoperative result with marked improvement in abduction and elevation. The hemi-Jensen also showed a significant improvement of over than 60Î” on the operated eye, resorting it to a central position during primary gaze. Conclusion: Convergent strabismus fixus is a rare condition and frequently associated with high myopia. Both techniques of Yokoyama procedure or hemi-Jensen procedure combined with medial rectus recession showed similar good results with improvement in position and ocular motility of the eye Keywords: convergent strabismus fixus, high myopia, Yokoyoma procedure, hemi-Jensen procedure
Comparison of Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Cell Morphology in Myopic Patients with Daily Wear Hydrogel (Nelfilcon A) and Silicon Hydrogel (Lotrafilcon B) Contact Lenses: A Pilot Study
Authors: Samira Cut Putri , Rahayu Tri , Kekalih Aria 
Published: January 2024

Background: To compare corneal thickness and endothelial cell morphology in myopic patients wearing 1 month hydrogel conventional and silicon hydrogel contact lenses in daily wear.Methods: This is a prospective, single blind, randomized study. Seventeen (34 eyes) myopic patients were randomly assigned to receive either nelfilcon A or lotrafilcon B. Central corneal thickness (CCT), coefficient of variation (CV), and percentage of six-sided cell (6A) were examined using specular noncon robo Konan microscope. Changes in CCT, CV, and 6A were evaluated before contact lenses fitting as well as 1 week and 1 month after the treatment. Patients were also evaluated for any subjective side effects and complications during the treatment period. Results: There were 64.7% subjects with history of contact lens wearers and 52.9% of them was hydrogel wearers. After 1 month daily wear of nelfilcon A and lotrafilcon B, no statistically differences changes in CCT (p=0.285; Mann Whitney test), CV (p=0.587; unpaired t-test), and 6A (p=0.353; unpaired t-test). General linear model analysis in follow up evaluation with test of within subject effect revealed decreased in CCT (p=0.001) and CV (p=0.001), also increased in 6A (p=0.022) in all subjects.Conclusion: There were no statistically difference in CCT, CV, and 6A between daily wear of nelfilcon A and lotrafilcon B. Subjects with history of contact lens wearers gained advantages in oxygen availability, which decrease corneal thickness and improve endothelial cell morphology. Â Keywords: nelfilcon A, lotrafilcon B, simple myopic, corneal thickness, endothelial cell morphology
The Accuracy Prediction of Cataract Surgery Refractive Results Using SRK/T and Haigis Formulas (with and without Personalized Constants)
Authors: Juhrie Dewi Megasari , Wahyu Mayasari , Knoch Andrew M 
Published: January 2024

Background: Fourth generation of IOL calculation formula (Haigis formula) calculates the ACD which is important in determining the IOL position, so the calculation results expected to be more accurate than the previous generation formula. Haigis formula uses 3 constants that can be updated (optimal/personalized constants). This study aimed to compare the accuracy prediction of cataract surgery refractive results using SRK/T and Haigis formulas (with and without personalized constant).Methods: This is an analytic prospective comparative study. We used 198 medical records data to calculate the Haigis personalized constants. Keratobiometry examinations were performed to 23 eyes using the IOLMaster. The IOL power was calculated using 3 formulas. IOL power selected based on the Haigis formula calculation using personalized constants which gave the most closely result to plano. Best corrected subjective refraction and ME calculated 1 month after surgery.Results: The Haigis personalized constants for this study were a0 = -0.746, a1 = 0.184, and a2 = 0.208. The ME of SRK/T and Haigis formulas (with and without personalized constant) were -0.09Â±0.48 D, -0.13Â±0.36 D, and -0,18Â±0.37 D. ME percentage of SRK/T and Haigis formulas (with and without personalized constant) maximally reached at Â±1.25 D, Â±1.00 D, and Â±1.25 D. Conclusion: The Haigis formula with personalized constants was more accurate than the Haigis formula without personalized constants in predicting the refractive result of cataract surgery. The accuracy of SRK/T formula is equal to the Haigis formula (with and without personalized constants). Â Keywords: Haigis formula, SRK/T, personalized constants
Kebutaan Akibat Kelainan Mitokondria : Gejala, Diagnosis, dan Tata Laksana Suportif
Authors: Sitompul Ratna 
Published: January 2024

Mitochondria is an important organelle in the cell acting as its powerhouse. Damage in the mitochondria leads to cell death thus it is crucial to organs utilizing plenty of energy such as the eyes. Mitochondrial disease in the eye can be primary or secondary. Primary mitochondrial diseases of the eye include dominant optic atrophy,Â leber hereditary optic neuropathy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia,Â and retinitis pigmentosa. Secondary mitochondrial eye diseases include diabetic retinopathy, age-macular degeneration and glaucoma. Mitochondrial damage can also trigger growth of ocular neoplasm (retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma) are also part of mitochondrial eye diseases. However, it is still a challenge to diagnose mitochondrial eye diseases. Methods that can be used are genetic sequencing, radiological examinations to look for other syndromic signs, as well as biochemistry and histochemistry assays. Definitive therapy for mitochondrial eye diseases are still under research and to date the management is supportive in the form of food supplementation. Â Keywords: primary mitochondrial diseases, secondary mitochondrial disease, mtDNA.ROS, ocular tumour
The Alteration Visual Field Defect in Ischemic Stroke Patients After Three Months Therapy
Authors: Lestari Frida , Wahyuni Devi Azri 
Published: January 2024

Background: Ischemic stroke are lack of blood flow to the brain and it could influence the visual field. Approximately more than half of the ischemic stroke patient have visual defect.Objective : Disturbance of blood flow on visual pathway have impact to the visual field defect.Â In stroke ischemic patient, recirculation of penumbra at the brain on the third months after onset canÂ rehabilitate the visual pathway, also it will improve the outcome of visual filed defect. So it could be initial detection for rehabiltation of visual field defect.Methods: This study was intended to compere visual field defect of ischemic stroke patient after three months therapy conducted form September 2014 - February 2015 in Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. A total of 12 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited by consecutive sampling. All patients were endure based on ophthalmology and visual field examination using Humphrey Field Analyzer twice. First after relieving from the attack of stroke and second after three months therapy. Measurement of standard have to compare the value of MD, VFI, PSD, PD and pattern visual field defect. Results: There were significant difference in value of MD, VFI, PSDÂ and PD<0,5% for both eyes on stroke ischemic patients after three months therapy. Almost all variable value were increasing to improvement of defect. The most common type of visual field defectÂ is homonymous hemianopia. Conclusion: There were improvement in visual field defect in patients with stroke ischemic after three months therapy. Â Keywords: Ischemic stroke, visual field defect, penumbra, recirculation of brain, Mean Deviation (MD), Visual Field Index (VFI), Pattern Standard Deviasion (PSD), Pattern Deviation (PD) Â Â
Visual Finding in Patient with Pituitary Macroadenoma underwent Transphenoid Surgery
Authors: Setyowati Reny , Wicaksono Adiguno Suryo , Hartanto Rahmat Andi , Mahayana Indra Tri , Prawiroranu Suhardjo 
Published: January 2024

AIM: The main aim of surgery in pituitary macroadenoma are restoration of visual acuity and visual field defects by decompression of the optic chiasm. Pituitary macroadenoma has slow growth pattern. This study describes the visual status of patients with pituitary macroadenoma and the post operative results.
METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive interventional study of patients with pituitary adenoma underwent transphenoid surgery at Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta.
RESULTS: There were 7 patients age 29-65 years old, mean age was 42 years old, consist of 3 male and 4 female and were followed-up varies between 1 until 6 months. There was history of previous transphenoid surgery in 1 patients. Duration of patientâ€™s complaint varies between 1 until 36 months and the mean duration was 12 months. In 6 patients there were bitemporal hemianopia and 1 patients had general depression visual field defect. Visual acuity pre operative was between 0,003 until 1,0 , and the mean visual acuity was 0,1 (right eye) and 0,18 (left eye). Visual acuity post operative was between no light preception until 1,0 , and the mean visual acuity was 0,27 (right eye) and 0,19 (left eye) but there were no statistically significant differences. Fundus examination reveal optic atrophy in all patients.
CONCLUSION: Transphenoidal surgery is the treatment of choice in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Prolonged duration of symptoms and delay of surgery may impact the visual status
KEYWORDS: Visual status, visual field defect, pituitary macroadenoma, transphenoid surgery, post operative
Bilateral Idiopathic Neuroretinitis
Authors: Hidayat M , Liyanti Rince 
Published: January 2024

Introduction : Neuroretinitis is a clinical entity characterized by acute loss of vision associated with disc edema and a star pattern of exudates in the macula. It can be divided into two, those with a specific infectious agent or idiopathic. Most infectious cases are due to cat-scratch disease, caused by Bartonella species and other infectious agents. Case with a clear infectious are categorized as idiopathic. Most patients with idiopathic neuroretinitis recover excellent visual acuity with or without intervention. Although the presentationis most often unilateral, bilateral cases of neuroretinitis have been reported. Method : A 20 years old woman with a 2-weeks history of sudden progressive visual loss both eyes (visual acuity : RE 3/60; LE 20/200). The optic disc were edema and the hard eksudat on the macular area. Two weeks follow up, funduscopic shows a macular star and the optic discâ€™s edema were reduced. Perimetric test shows general depressed in both eyes. The blood tests and the brain CT Scan were normal. She received methyl prednisolone 48 mg for 2 weeks. 8 months follow up, VA : RE 20/50, LE 20/40 with the pinhole 20/15 in both eyes. The funduscopic still edema and slightly pale.
Results : There was improvement in central visual acuity after steroid treatment, but leave residual abnormal funduscopic. Conclusion: Neuroretinitis is generally self-limited. The visual acuity recover excellent with the steroid, but the abnormal disc in this case related to a vaso-occlusive mechanism of prelamin ararterioles with subsequent disc infraction.
The First Study Investigating the Clinical Outcomes of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type I Implantation in Indonesia
Authors: Hutauruk Johan A. , Goenawan Kristian , Suhardjo Suhardjo 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and Objective: Boston keratoprosthesis (Boston KPro) is an artificial cornea (collar button design) for a severely damaged cornea that is not suitable for penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). One main advantage of Boston KPro type I is there is no need to perform tarsoraphy. There were no previous studies investigating the clinical outcome of Boston KPro implantation in Indonesia, therefore we aimed to investigate the visual outcomes, device retention, and complications following Boston KPro type 1 keratoprosthesis.
Case Presentation: This study was a case series of 11 patients conducted at Jakarta Eye Center with 18 months follow up period. The inclusion criteria were patients with severe corneal diseases that are not amenable for PKP. We found that VA baseline were LP (±72.72%) and HM (27.27%) (mean VA baseline=2.51±0.14 logMAR or equal to HM – LP VA) which significantly improved to 1.09 ± 0.69 logMAR (equal to 6/60 Snellen, ±36.3% were near normal vision based on WHO criteria), p=0.007. Two cases (±16.7%) were still HM because of implant explantation with corneal melting. There were 80.5% retention rates at final follow-up and other complications were retroprosthetic membrane formation (26.7%), elevated IOP (13.9%), and sterile corneal stromal necrosis (17.8%).There was no endophtalmitis found in this study.
Conclusion: Boston K-Pro type 1 is a recommended option for patients with multiple corneal graft failure. It provides promising visual outcome with good retention rates. The number of Boston K-Pro type 1 implantations should be increased to counterbalance the corneal blindness burden in Indonesia.
Sudden Visual Impairment In Sellar Region Tumor: A Case Of Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Wicitra Anindita , Nusanti Syntia , Sidik M 
Published: January 2024

Objective : Pituitary apoplexy described as an acute hemorrhagic infarction of the pituitary adenoma causing sudden increase of intra sellar pressure. This condition is a life-threatening disease. The purpose of this article is to report about clinical symptom and methods to diagnose pituitary apoplexy.
Methods : A case presentation
Result : A 40 y.o male came with a complain of blurry vision since 1 year. Two months before admission, he felt sudden worsening of his visual acuity. He went to private hospital and there was bleeding in his brain CT scan. His right eye visual acuity was 1/300 and his left best visual acuity was 6/12. Relative afferent pupillary defect was positive in the right eye. In funduscopic examination, both of optic nerve head were atrophy. Left eye visual field examination revealed temporal hemianopsia.
Cerebral MRI showed a hyper intense lesion on both T1WI and T2WI sequence in sellar region that extends into supra sellar region with sign of sellar floor ballooning. The result of MRI contrast was relatively same and the hormonal exam result was within normal limit. Then he was scheduled for removal tumor surgery from neurosurgery departement.
Conclusion : Pituitary apoplexy is a severe clinical syndrome and life-threatening disease. To rule out other disease presenting related symptoms, many ancillary examinations are require to be performed. The treatment of pituitary apoplexy, whether to treat surgically or conservatively, should be made by experts from a multidisciplinary team.
Hak Istimewa Profesi dan Situasi Penanggulangan Kebutaan
Authors: Tjahjono D. Gondhowiardjo  
Published: January 2024

The basic paradigm of our profession are “blindness rehabilitation” and “prevention of blindness” could be seen in this edition, which is surprisingly dominated by the un-favorite Neuro Ophthalmology sub-speciality. Those manuscripts clearly showed that supported by cutting edge internal and external diagnostic devices and multi diciplines approach we successfully could preventing blindness. On the other side, due to the fact that in the Neurology dicipline there is a similar sub-speciality, thus we should reaching a minimal competency in Neuro Ophthalmology at least at similar level to their general competency.
In reverse is the relatively easy to be judge, the corneal blindness. However, visual rehabilitation could only be provide suppose that there is corneal donor availlability. There is a good news and bad news in the corneal tranplantation data reported in this edition; the good news is that we already been competent to do the sophisticated descemet endothelial automated keratoplasty, and sad to know that iatrogenic is a leading causes for corneal transplantation. These fact, indirectly referring to the weakness of our internal “quality control” and “quality assurance” process in professional knowledge, skill and attitude to achieve the state of “a safe surgeon”.
These is a serious profession’ issue, especially to the fact that it’s already coined as a negative perception to our national professional competency and achievement in relation to the reimbursement of cataract surgery from the Indonesian Social Security Administrator for Health (BPJS); which in turn might have an impact to the national prevention of blindness activitis. The rapid and steep raisement of reimbursement fund for ophthalmolgy problems since 2014; especially in relation to phacoemulsification cataract surgery, pterygium and medical fraud are the proper packaging for negative perception which successfully have an impact to the holistic and positive aspect of our effort to the prevention of blindness activity ; which unfortunately still classified “low” by International Agency in Prevention of Blindness (IAPB)....
AUROLAB AQUEOUS DRAINAGE IMPLANT IN YOUNG ADULT WITH NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA AND TUBERCULOSIS HISTORY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Pramono Barii Hafidh , Sari Masitha Dewi , Sihotang Aslim D. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is historically known as rubeotic glaucoma, from “rubeosis iridis” that refers to the iris neovascularization. One of several causes that lead to rubeosis iridis is changes in Pigment Epithelium-Derived Growth Factor (PEDF) that may be caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The influence of NVG may cause intraocular pressure (IOP) to rise rapidly. It can be decreased by Aurolab Aqueous Drainage Implant (AADI).
Case Report: A 34-year-old male complained of left eye pain and sudden decreased vision for the past 2 months. He had been diagnosed with tuberculosis since 8 months ago. The patient’s blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglycerides were within normal limit. Diabetes Mellitus (-). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (-). Visual acuity of left eye was hand movement. The pupil was dilated and non-reactive, anterior chamber depth is shallow, and rubeosis iridis (+). IOP is 60 mmHg. Medical management was failed to decrease the IOP. Funduscopy image showed cup-disc ratio was 0,7. Ganglion cell complex parameters showed 80,91. On the next day after AADI implantation surgery, the patient’s left eye IOP was reduced to 10 mmHg. On the 14th day post operative visual acuity was 2 meter counting finger. The anterior segment of the conjunctiva bulbi was hyperemic and conjunctival injection was reduced. The camera oculi anterior showed remainder of the implant. In the iris, rubeosis iridis disappeared, pupil was dilated, IOP was increased to 12 mmHg
Discussion: Neovascular glaucoma was caused by the growth of the fibrovascular membrane on the surface of the iris and the anterior chamber angle. The three most common causes of neovascular glaucoma were diabetes mellitus, central retinal vein occlusion, and carotid artery occlusion.
Conclusion:AADI is a safe and effective option for patients with neovascular glaucoma following tuberculosis.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE GLAUCOMA SURGERY (MIGS): COMPARISON OF TRABECULAR VERSUS SUPRACHOROIDAL ROUTE
Authors: Ranovian Ridho , Sumantri Widya Artini 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Because of the high rate of complications associated with traditional glaucoma filtering surgery, various research were launched to develop a new device, such as drainage channels, such as Glaucoma Drainage Devices.
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of trabecular route and suprachoroidal MIGS in eyes with mild to moderate glaucoma with and without cataract extraction of these two devices.
Methods: Literature search was conducted using online database such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Survey of Ophtalmology, and Clinical Key.
Result: Since the IOP-lowering efficacy of these treatments is restricted by episcleral venous pressure, MIGS targeting the trabecular outflow system may be the best option for patients with mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma.
Conclusion: The implantation of trabecular iStents resulted in a considerable reduction in IOP, particularly in mild and moderate POAG. Both MIGS versions have good efficacy and safety profiles, with only minor problems like microscopic hyphema and stent blockage.
Keywords: glaucoma, Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS), iStents, cypass
NON-NECROTIZING DIFFUSE ANTERIOR SCLERITIS AS AN ISOLATED OCULAR MANIFESTATION OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kalandra Kara Citra , Lutfiamida Rifna 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestation in numerous organ systems, including the eye. Ocular involvements have been reported in up to one-third of patients with SLE, although scleritis is considered a less common manifestation of the disease found in only about 1% of cases
Case Report: A 46-year-old female patient presented with a painful right eye for 1 week. She reported having the same symptom last year which resolved without treatment. There was no known history of systemic immune-mediated diseases and no prior ocular trauma. Ophthalmological examination revealed dilatation of deep scleral vessels on the right eye. The patient tested positive for the antinuclear antibody and anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid tests. She was diagnosed with non-necrotizing diffuse anterior scleritis caused by SLE and was treated with topical prednisolone acetate and systemic methylprednisolone. After 1 week of treatment, the patient showed an improvement in ocular signs and symptoms.
Discussion: Scleritis is a rare inflammatory disease usually associated with systemic immune-mediated diseases such as SLE. It can cause significant visual loss and may be life-threatening. We reported a non-necrotizing diffuse anterior subtype of scleritis presented as an isolated manifestation in SLE, which benefited from early diagnosis and treatment of corticosteroids.
Conclusion: Scleritis may present as an early or isolated manifestation of systemic immune-mediated disease. Therefore, a comprehensive examination is of the essence to exclude multisystem disease and treat the underlying cause even when there is no systemic manifestation.