bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The District Governor—A Cossack Colonel’s Funeral—The Island in the Sea of Aral—How to join the Amou Darya and Syr Darya Rivers—My Quarters in Morozoft’s Inn—Letter from General Kolpakovsky—Changing Money— English Sovereigns—Sale of Horses—A Jew and a Greek—Sympathy between the Russians and the Greeks—A Rich Young Kirghiz Widow— Love-making through a third party—A Boy Husband—Cossacks marching from Orenburg—Nazar’s Father-in-Law—The Commander of the Battery —Despatches sent from Tashkent to St. Petersburg in twelve days—A Fat Goose.
Authors: Burnaby Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I now called upon the District Governor, and found him at home, surrounded by a bevy of officers in full uniform. He told me that a Cossack colonel had recently died of consumption, and that the funeral ceremony was then going on inside the church. The men of the regiment were all mounted and drawn up facing the holy edifice. The cold was very great, and the troops had every facility afforded them for sowing the seeds of their colonel’s malady. Indeed, the frost was so severe that the District Governor and his friends had found it inconvenient to remain inside the church, and had returned to drink tea at home, until such time as the service was concluded.
Giovanni papini, The War as a Source of National Renewal
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A great power, but the weak.est of all; armed, but incapable of waging war; full of social unrest, but with no serious will to change regime; conservative, but spineless whenever there was a hint of threat to stability. Cavour had understood the situation well: nothing great can be made with shit. Italy of 1860 had been shit dragged kicking and screaming towards unification by a daring minority, and shit it remained throughout fifty years of unification, urged on by the occasional outbursts of zeal from small minorities either in favour of an imperial mission in Africa or of a liberating transformation in its domestic politics.
Benito mussolini, The Incorporation of the Peasantry into the Italian Nation
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Their millions. Still their participation in it is generally passive. Once again they had been dragged along by the cities. Now Fascism is transforming this rural passivity [... ] into active participation in the reality and sanctity of the nation. Patriotism is no longer a feeling monopolized (or exploited) by the city, but becomes the heritage of the countryside as well. The tricolour flag, ignored for a century, is now waving in the most remote villages. Not everything that is flourishing, and almost exploding into life, in this springtime of the race is destined to last. We know this: but we also know that some spiritual upheavals leave deep traces. We willleave to the faint-hearted or the whiter-than-white the boring task of cavilling about the sincerity of rural patriotism. We are just at the beginning of a new period ofltalian history.
curzio malaparte, Fascism’s European Mission
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have no fear of flying in the face of common assumptions when we affirm that Fascism, in its first phase, was profoundly Sorelian:25 the justification of its violence is completely historical, not political; it is the Sorelian ethic which assigns to the proletariat the function of creating a modem myth and a favourable climate which aids and accelerates the maturation of the new society in accord with the natural order embodied in the first Ionic and Asiatic cities. The new Fascist ethic is born of the Sorelian one, but at the same time marks a break with it by transforming the concept of social class into that of national class, and the economic premiss into a historical one. When Sorel assigns syndicalism the task of preparing and stabilizing the new proletarian civilization on the ruins ofbourgeois civilization, he is equating the modem function of producers, industrial workers, and agricultural workers with the primitive function of the shepherds who gave rise to heroic civilizations.
giuseppe bottai, The University as the Incubator of a Fascist Elite
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is in these terms that, as I see it, the problem of culture in the present phase of Fascism is to be framed. Fascism-as-culture, in which, as we saw, Fascism-as-action is not denied but integrated, is the foundation of Fascism-as-State. In our type of State, which is not an arid bureaucratic construction (whether we are talking about the old bureaucracy or the one now emerging within the framework of syndicalism), professional skills based on the mentality of the accountant is not enough. Our State engages the spirit and conscience of our citizens; it is with their spirit and conscience that they must operate in order to serve it. In the syndical laws,33 in the Charter of Labour,34 the framing of problems relating to material interests and to contractual guarantees is bound up with a higher order of principles, such as the training and education of individuals and the overriding interest of production, principles on which a manager must be in a position to form a judgement.
asvero gravelli, Towards a Fascist Europe
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have declared and reconfirm! That Fascism is anti-European, because contemporary Europe, afllicted by a spiritual crisis, by a material crisis, is still partly under the influence of the immortal principles,41 while vast segments of the population look to Moscow for guidance. Given this Europe, Fascism is anti-European. The anti-Europeanism of Fascism is not an end in itself, but a provisional historical position which will last until Fascism has helped Europe regain an equilibrium of ideas and spirit, the precondition for a new European role in the world.
giuseppe bottai, Mussolini’s Century
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
trodden underfoot. In this sense if, as Mussolini says, this century will be a century The ‘doctrine of Fascism’, dictated by Mussolini, is the ‘Maniresto’ of a revolution of ideas which will invade the world. The Duce says that our century will be the Fascist century: we think with pride and emotion that it willbe the century of Mussolini.
Richard Wagner, The Redemptive Mission Of Gennan Culture
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In that period [the seventeenth century] Louis XIV and his courtiers even established the laws for what was beautiful, and in their basic way of seeing things even the French living under Napoleon III’ have not progressed beyond these laws: this explains their forgetting of national history, the eradication of their own seeds of a national art, the corruption of the art and poetry introduced from Italy and Spain, the transformation ofbeauty into elegance, grace into bienseance.
Theodor Fritsch, The Need For The Nation To Be Healed
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 20 January 1921 the Hammer began its twentieth year of publication, and it is appropriate to cast an eye over the path it has travelled. When our periodical appeared it had set itself an ambitious, an exceedingly ambitious task: to awaken from its illusions a people which was stumbling along in blindness and the pursuit of pleasure and warn it of the terrible dangers which, like black storm clouds, were gathering over it, and which have now unleashed their fury with shattering force in the world war and revolution.’0 We saw the collapse.
Hans f. K. Gunther, nordic thinking and the gennan rebirth
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of the historical fates of peoples as the working out of law-bound (biological) life processes, as the working out of changing conditions of natural selection, only became possible in a fruitful way once Darwin recognized the crucial importance of natural selection for all life-forms in general.[ ) With the rediscovery of Mendel’s research into heredity in the 1900s, the theories of Galton and Lapouge concerning the laws governing life acquired a more solid basis and a deeper significance.[... ) The work of the Germans Otto Ammon (1842-1915), Woltmann (1871-1907) and Wilser (1850--1923) lent weight to theories concerning the special importance of the Nordic race. After the tum of the century a particular way of thinking came into being and started to gain currency, that of a possible renewal of the West by maintaining the integrity of the race [Rassenpjlege] or, to be more precise, by maintaining the integrity of the Nordic race within the racial mixture of Western people. Nordic Thinking was born.[ ]
E. Gunther grundel, the new human synthesis
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As long as the blood that courses through the veins of the people [Volkskoryer] is still fundamentally healthy, it spontaneously produces human beings in critical historical moments capable of rising to the challenges they pose. That is precisely the source of comfort in the apparently so hopelessly confused age of upheaval and turmoil we are living through, namely that we are today witnessing the emergence of a new man’9 and a new youth who will act as a new force: in short a new generation who will bring about the reordering of society.[... ] Till now the new force was in a state of seething fermentation. It reached out to affect all areas of communal existence, but only in a tentative way.
Joseph Goebbels, The Total Revolution Of National Socialism
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The new national art of Germany will only enjoy respect in the world and bear witness beyond the frontiers ofour country to theintense cultural dynamism of the new Germany if it is firmly and ineradicably rooted in the mother earth of the national culture [Volkstum] which produced it.The world must discover anew what is German and genuine.[... ] May German art and culture be blessed and fostered by the newly formed Reich Culture Chamber.[... ] In it the creative individual in Germany has found the way to be part of the new State. May he thereby experience the blessed feeling we all have ofbeing pioneers, creators, and shapers of a new century.
Werner Daitz, Soldierly Economics
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
National community means: a community defended from threats externally combined with social harmony at home. One without the other is impossible. Both are to be achieved only through the soldierly bearing of the German people in every field of activity, through soldierly socialism [Soldatensozialismu.s]. We therefore demand in the economy a soldierly conduct within and without. For, if the leader ofa business runs it without regard to the economic independence of the nation, but only with a view to the highest possible profits, it will inevitably destroy the social peace within his company. His employees willbe bound to adopt the same attitude [... ] and for their part strive for the highest possible wage without regard for social peace and the state of the company. For Marxism always follows capitalism like its shadow. Both grow from the same root-Jewish mercenariness [Gelddenken, lit. ‘money thinking’] which always finds a way of infiltrating Nordic economic thought once intellect has corrupted it. In the interests of a supposedly higher financial return, both destroy Blood and Soil, the biological foundations of their national culture [Volkstum] and hence of their own existence.[ ]
Paul Ritter, The Expansionary Spirit Of A Rejuvenated People
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To deny Germany its colonies any longer and challenge its right to additional vital space [Lebensraum] and a source of raw materials would mean to compound the sin of passively tolerating Soviet domination-thisthegreatest crime in human history-with a newsin. For the German people colonies are no expression of imperialist thinking. no outer sign of the need for power and prestige, but simply a vital necessiry. But since there is no political justice in the world and since throughout history the ·worldconscience’ has always remained silent, there is no point in placing hopes in the goodwill of others. The only way to help the German people achieve its goal is the Fuhrer’s way: to tum the German nation into a political factor of such power and internal cohesion that the conscience of an international community, deaf to rational argument, cannot help but be suddenly awakened.
Hammer Press ,Nazlsm’s World Crusade Against The Jews
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history ofJewry Uudentum] is the history of the decline, not of the Jews, but of the people who offered Jews hospitality and rights of residence. It was extremely difficult for Theodor Fritsch to combat the destruction of every German sentiment through his newspaper.29 Right from the start Jewry used the most ruthless ploys to attack him. Or it operated so cleverly disguised within the German state apparatus that the man in the street could scarcely detect when and how the Jew was at work. Thus Theodor Fritsch made unstinting efforts to win a larger group of friends; he tried to achieve his impact in the intellectual and ethical sphere by publishing essays on the racial question so as to prepare the ground for a renewal of the people and the state.
Christoph Steding, The Third Reich As The Cure For The European Sickness
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It goes without saying that in the aftermath of this decomposition [Zersetzung] of the Germanic-Nordic substance within Europe, the forcing up to the surface of wild, demonic, ruthless, bestially savage primordial forces should be seized on as an ideal opportunity to Jews, who had taken no stake in the history of our continent. They seized their chance as part of the active vanguard of Bolshevism, particularly in Russia, but in the German Reich as well, whether as advocates of tepid democracy or of the purely mercenary capitalism of the stock exchange.
Joseph Goebbels,The True Meaning Of The War
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Goeblxls wrote this euphemistic justification of the Second World War and the mass atrocities it involved in the summer of1942, when the illusion of the Third Reich’s invincibility had still not lxen shattered. Gennany invaded Russia inJune 1941, and Bolshevism is once again portrayed as the offihoot of aewish) plutocracy, just as it was before the Riblxntropp Pact allied the two countries in August 1939. The appeal to Social Dmwinian principles of ‘might is right’ is conjlated with two other typical fascist themes, the inexorability of destiny, and the sense of
William Joyce, Hitler Shows The Way
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have come after these laborious centuries of groping, to the greatest turningpoint in world history_ In general, man is free to mould his destiny, but there are exceptions. To study the career of that simple man, Adolf Hitler, to weigh his words, to observe his actions is to know that he alone, of all the German people, is the least free: for he is the servant of a Higher Destiny. A survey of the facts given in this book should show that even if he had never been born, the old system of International Finance must have rushed to its doom; even as the merchant princes realized that science had abolished time and distance, they would have sought out the cheapest labour in the world and left the white populations starving, whilst the coloured slaves did the work. The full selfishness of the whole system was about to produce its own fatal consequences, when war was declared on Germany in the vain hope of giving it a new lease of life_ Yet, it is a merciful dispensation of Providence that, in Nature’s progress, the principle of destruction has never finished its dire work before the principle of construction appears_ In metabolism, the breakdown of cells without their replacement means atrophy and death.
Jose Antonio Primo De Rivera, Total Feeling
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is the patriotic spirit which has raised up the peoples fallen into shame and ruin after the catastrophe of the Great War. Races which have rediscovered themselves, which have contemplated their history, the peoples which have struggled to recuperate their spiritual values and revive ancient traditions, are those which, like a phoenix, have been reborn from the ashes and have been able to stand up to the whole world in order to maintain their racial personality.
Rolao Preto, Ersatz Fascism
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What would really be the point of the ‘single party’, the armed militias, the youth organizations, the corporative formations, etc., if they all lacked the fervent soul of the Leader, sincerely believing in the system and supplying an exhaustible source of enthusiasm and faith. The Revolution can only be made with revolutionaries, and fascism has only been realized by fascists. Schuschnigg, cold, calculating, a melancholy ghost wandering around among the other gloomy ghosts of the Hofburg,5 someone by temperament and through experience mistrustful of others, whom he sees only motivated in their turn when induced by base interests; sceptical about the very ideas he is advocating, but which basically he does not even live out himself-poor Schuschnigg was the perfect negation, the total negation of a fascist leader.
Marcel De At, The European Revolution And The New State
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Liberal capitalism was only interested in the State in as far as it served its own purposes. It needed a docile agent to translate the needs ofbankers and the captains of industry into laws and regulations. This gave rise to the theory of the ‘nightwatchman State’, whose function was to make sure the people, especially the proletariat, remained law-abiding, but which was ordered not to stick its nose in the affairs of these gentlemen. Translate that into the euphemistic language of academics and you get the doctrine oflaissezfaire and laissez-aller,which very conveniently proves that any interference by public agencies in the economy is a malevolent heresy.
However, the interventions of the State multiplied. Increasingly it had to assume functions in the sphere of economic control, and it had to draw up and put into effect a whole programme of social legislation. The reason for this is that capitalism had the effect of bringing about the spectacular growth of the industrial masses condemned to live at the mercy of crisis and permanent misery.
The European Revolution and the New State
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The preface to Degrelle’s lhe Revolution of Souls (1938) registers his extreme disappointment at not being swept into power in the by-election the year before. Though the remedies which he proposes for the creation of a ‘new world’ are too nebul.ous to count as fall-bl.own fascism, they bear witness to Degrelle’s heightened palingenetic political temperament at the time. This
predisposed him to the enthusiastic collaboration with the Nazi’s ‘New European Order’ du.ring the war, when his insistence on wearing a fascist uniform in church led to his excommunication (a weapon which the Vatican under Pius XII refrained from using to discourage the collusion of Catholics with Nazi atrodties). Degrelle went on to become one of the most important.figureheads of the continuity between inter-war and post-war fascism (Texts 174, 180).
Plinio Salgado, A Fourth Era Of Humanity Dawns
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
cemed with the restoration of traditions. It is equally distinct from Lusitanian integralism,’9 which imported the Gallic traditionalist mentality along with its tendency to reconnect the modem social process to the medieval spirit; on the other hand, it is different, not only from German ‘racism’, whose thesis of ethnic supremacy expresses a cultural prejudice, but also from Italian ‘Fascism’, with which we only have in common the new attitude to the State in the face of class struggle.
What we are dealing with, therefore, is an original movement, genuinely Brazilian, with its own philosophy, a dear set of values which stands out from the confusion of the contemporary world.
Robert Michels, A Sunny Disposition
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
showed the world that a nation doesn’t have to endure the progressiveness that is based on lies and demagoguery and stupidity and perversity, and that progresses inevitably to communism and its necessary accompaniments of unbearable taxes, poverty, misery, degradation and chaos.
It is entirely within the bounds of reason that a movement calling itself the Fascisti movement might overturn the existing government and seize the reins of power in any country; but it may be regarded as certain that if the movement were not of truth, directness and common sense, it would be no better than the government it replaced, and it would probably be worse.
James Strachey Barnes, To Each Country Its Own Fascism
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In all this Europe is no disinterested onlooker. Since the end of the war Bolshevism and fascism have been fighting for its soul. The chaos which followed the world conflict promoted communist experiments in parts of Central and Southern Europe which were of brief duration because they were in contradiction with the social structure in those areas. Since 1922 awave of nationalism has rippled across the continent taking over Spain, Hungary, Poland, and Lithuania, not to mention the fascist parties which sprang up everywhere.
The peculiar revolutionary force of Bolshevism lay in the destruction of the bourgeois and feudal means of production, and it was in the nature of things that within Europe this was only possible in Russia. As long as Fascism represented a purely political system without intervening in the social system, it could be adopted despite its specifically Italian traits, especially since its neo-absolutism inevitably found a deep resonance in powerful parties accustomed to hold the reins of power. How will things develop now? Apart from the fact that the increasing concentration of economic and political power in the hands of the few means the disintegration of an ideology based on majority rule, the constitution of the state is, as history shows, dependent on the economic and political situation. It is significant in this respect that in a tense situation Italy was the first to return to an absolutist form of State. If, as is to be assumed, the economic and political tensions which Europe is subject to in the twentieth century continue to deepen, it is probable that the authoritarian state will regain lost ground in the Western world in conjunction with a restructuring of political ideology.
Sir Charles Petrie, A Sense Of Humour
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two movements are alike in their authoritarianism and in their opposition to Communism and to Liberation, but there the resemblance ends. Fascism is based upon the principles of Christianity, and it has come to an understanding with the Church of Rome: National Socialism is continually looking over its shoulder at paganism, and it is in conflict with all organized religion. The Italian, too, has a keen sense of humour, whereas the German has none at all; so that the regime in the latter case is able to interfere with the liberty of the subject in social matters to an extent that would never be tolerated south of the Alps. A few years ago the authorities in Rome altered the numbers of the bus routes without due warning, and there was nearly a revolution: in Berlin this inconvenience would have been accepted without grumbling.