bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Anemia and Postoperative Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery: A Mediation Analysis Evaluating Intraoperative Transfusion Exposures
Authors: Warner Matthew A. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schulte Phillip J. , Sanz Juan Ripoll , Smith Mark M. , Kauss Marissa L. , Crestanello Juan A. , Kor Daryl J. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Preoperative anemia is associated with adverse outcomes in cardiac surgery, yet it remains unclear what proportion of this association is mediated through red blood cell (RBC) transfusions.

METHODS:
This is a historical observational cohort study of adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass at an academic medical center between May 1, 2008, and May 1, 2018. A mediation analysis framework was used to evaluate the associations between preoperative anemia and postoperative outcomes, including a primary outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI). Intraoperative RBC transfusions were evaluated as mediators of preoperative anemia and outcome relationships. The estimated total effect, average direct effect of preoperative anemia, and percent of the total effect mediated through transfusions are presented with 95% confidence intervals and P-values.

RESULTS:
A total of 4117 patients were included, including 1234 (30%) with preoperative anemia. Overall, 437 of 4117 (11%) patients went on to develop AKI, with a greater proportion of patients having preoperative anemia (219 of 1234 [18%] vs 218 of 2883 [8%]). In multivariable analyses, the presence of preoperative anemia was associated with increased postoperative AKI (6.4% [4.2%–8.7%] absolute difference in percent with AKI, P < .001), with incremental decreases in preoperative hemoglobin concentrations displaying greater AKI risk (eg, 11.9% [6.9%–17.5%] absolute increase in probability of AKI for preoperative hemoglobin of 9 g/dL compared to a reference of 14 g/dL, P < .001). The association between preoperative anemia and postoperative AKI was primarily due to direct effects of preoperative anemia (5.9% [3.6%–8.3%] absolute difference, P < .001) rather than mediated through intraoperative RBC transfusions (7.5% [−4.3% to 21.1%] of the total effect mediated by transfusions, P = .220). Preoperative anemia was also associated with longer hospital durations (1.07 [1.05–1.10] ratio of geometric mean length of stay, P < .001). Of this total effect, 38% (22%, 62%; P < .001) was estimated to be mediated through subsequent intraoperative RBC transfusion. Preoperative anemia was not associated with reoperation or vascular complications.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative anemia was associated with higher odds of AKI and longer hospitalizations in cardiac surgery. The attributable effects of anemia and transfusion on postoperative complications are likely to differ across outcomes. Future studies are necessary to further evaluate mechanisms of anemia-associated postoperative organ injury and treatment strategies.
Design of a polarization-multiplexed, high-resolution, near-field focusing metasurface lens
Authors: Hao Honggang , Cai Zhonglyu , Tang Pan , Li Bao 
Published: February 2024

To meet the requirements of integrated and high-resolution focusing devices for passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging systems, a polarization-multiplexed high-resolution near-field focusing metasurface lens is proposed. Metasurface units consist of two dielectric layers and three metal layers and are designed with a multiarm windmill structure. This design allows the units to independently control the electromagnetic response of incident x-polarized and y-polarized waves while maintaining a thickness of only 0.16λ (2 mm). The metasurface lens that can achieve dual-channel near-field focusing was designed by combining the focusing principle of the metasurface lens and phase superposition principle based on the above design. The lens consists of 30×30 units and has a size of 120×120mm2. According to the simulation results, the lens is able to focus the y-polarized waves of 24 GHz at z=50mm plane with a focal spot size of 0.68λ (8.5 mm), and the focusing beam efficiency is 35.2%. Similarly, the x-polarized waves of 24 GHz are focused at z=70mm plane with a focal spot size of 0.72λ (9 mm), and the focusing beam efficiency is 40.7%. The proposed metasurface lens is promising for applications in PMMW imaging systems, medical sensors, automotive millimeter-wave radar, and other related fields, owing to the characteristics of high resolution, compact size, and multifunctionality.
Agomelatine prevented depression in the chronic restraint stress model through enhanced catalase activity and halted oxidative stress
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Zhu Cheng , Jin Piaopiao , Sun Wangdi , Yu Enyan 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundAgomelatine (AGO) is an antidepressant with unique pharmacological effects; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined agomelatine’s effects on catalase activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation.MethodsChronic restraint stress (CRS) model mice were established over 4 weeks, and AGO 50 mg/kg was administered to different groups alongside a deferasirox (DFX) 10 mg/kg gavage treatment. Behavioral tests were performed to assess the effect of AGO on the remission of depression-like behaviors. Meanwhile, the expression of CAT, the oxidative stress signaling pathway and inflammatory protein markers were assessed using ELISA, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsFour weeks of AGO treatment significantly improved depression-like behavior in mice through the activation of catalase in the hippocampus and serum of the model mice, increased superoxide dismutase expression, reduced malondialdehyde expression, and reduced oxidative stress damage. Deferasirox was found to offset this therapeutic effect partially. In addition, the inflammatory pathway (including nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha) was not significantly altered.ConclusionsAGO can exert antidepressant effects by altering oxidative stress by modulating catalase activity.
Identification of abdominal aortic aneurysm subtypes based on mechanosensitive genes
Authors: Sheng Chang , Zeng Qin , Huang Weihua , Liao Mingmei , Yang Pu 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundRupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is a fatal event in the elderly. Elevated blood pressure and weakening of vessel wall strength are major risk factors for this devastating event. This present study examined whether the expression profile of mechanosensitive genes correlates with the phenotype and outcome, thus, serving as a biomarker for AAA development.MethodsIn this study, we identified mechanosensitive genes involved in AAA development using general bioinformatics methods and machine learning with six human datasets publicly available from the GEO database. Differentially expressed mechanosensitive genes (DEMGs) in AAAs were identified by differential expression analysis. Molecular biological functions of genes were explored using functional clustering, Protein–protein interaction (PPI), and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). According to the datasets (GSE98278, GSE205071 and GSE165470), the changes of diameter and aortic wall strength of AAA induced by DEMGs were verified by consensus clustering analysis, machine learning models, and statistical analysis. In addition, a model for identifying AAA subtypes was built using machine learning methods.Results38 DEMGs clustered in pathways regulating ‘Smooth muscle cell biology’ and ‘Cell or Tissue connectivity’. By analyzing the GSE205071 and GSE165470 datasets, DEMGs were found to respond to differences in aneurysm diameter and vessel wall strength. Thus, in the merged datasets, we formally created subgroups of AAAs and found differences in immune characteristics between the subgroups. Finally, a model that accurately predicts the AAA subtype that is more likely to rupture was successfully developed.ConclusionWe identified 38 DEMGs that may be involved in AAA. This gene cluster is involved in regulating the maximum vessel diameter, degree of immunoinflammatory infiltration, and strength of the local vessel wall in AAA. The prognostic model we developed can accurately identify the AAA subtypes that tend to rupture.
A hybrid search space reduction algorithm and Newton–Raphson based selective harmonic elimination for an asymmetric cascade H-bridge multi-level inverter
Authors: Mahesh Aeidapu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method for an asymmetric cascade H-bridge multi-level inverter (ACHB-MLI) has been performed by using hybrid search space reduction and Newton–Raphson (SSR-NR) algorithm. Three H-bridges are cascaded in a single phase configuration, while each of the bridge is fed with V

dc
, 3V

dc
and 6V

dc
respectively. This particular asymmetric combination of dc sources will produce 10 possible switching combinations and 21-levels in the output voltage ranging from −10V

dc
to +10V

dc
. Hence, there will be 10 SHE equations corresponding to fundamental and harmonics, and the solution will be the 10 switching angles which satisfy those SHE equations. While traditional gradient-based techniques like the Newton–Raphson method can yield the global optimal solution for the SHE equations, they necessitate an initial guess. Conversely, meta-heuristic methods often face challenges related to sub-optimal convergence. To address these issues, a novel the hybrid SSR-NR algorithm has been introduced in this paper. This method combines stochastic and deterministic elements, offering a promising solution for solving the SHE equations. In the first step, the evolutionary SSR algorithm will be used and the output of the SSR algorithm is given to the NR method as an initial guess to converge to the final solution, this way the proposed hybrid SSR-NR algorithm is able to address the drawbacks of both the algorithms such as initial guess requirement for NR method and sub-optimal convergence characteristics of evolutionary algorithms. The simulations were carried out in Matlab/simulink environment for a 21-level ACHB-MLI. The results obtained showcase the efficacy of the proposed SSR-NR algorithm in solving the SHE equations. For demonstrating the effectiveness of SSR algorithm the results were also compared with other algorithms such as particle swarm optimization and grey wolf optimizer as well. Further, the experimental results on a laboratory prototype using dSPACE DS1104 R&D controller board were also presented in the paper, to validate the proposed methodology.
Unleashing the economic potential of wind power for ancillary services
Authors: Baral Sanchita , Xydis George 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ancillary services play a significant role in ensuring stable operation of power systems in the growing penetration of renewable energy. Some of the important functions for ancillary support include voltage support, frequency support, and system restoration. This work highlights the possibility of relevant ancillary support from wind power and investigates how such services will impact from an economic point of view. A crucial aspect of ancillary services from wind power relates to tailored and dynamic information about the conditional power production from the turbines and wind parks which could be obtained through accurate wind power forecasting. The study of the impact of forecast accuracy and correlation in errors on the possibility for wind power to provide ancillary services is analyzed. Furthermore, the limitations and challenges associated with the technical capabilities of wind turbines to support such services are reviewed and presented. An initial qualitative assessment of the value of providing such services is carried out and the capabilities combined with electricity market data from Nord Pool taking an example of the western region of Denmark is discussed. The result of this work shows that enhancing ancillary services from wind power combined with more accurate wind forecasting has a positive financial impact on wind power market.
On the maximum atom-bond sum-connectivity index of graphs
Authors: Alraqad Tariq , Saber Hicham , Ali Akbar , Albalahi Abeer M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The atom-bond sum-connectivity (ABS) index of a graph

G

G

with edges

e

1

,

…

,

e

m

{e}_{1},\ldots ,{e}_{m}

is the sum of the numbers

1
−
2

(

d

e

i

+
2

)

−
1

\sqrt{1-2{\left({d}_{{e}_{i}}+2)}^{-1}}

over

1
≤
i
≤
m

1\le i\le m

, where

d

e

i

{d}_{{e}_{i}}

is the number of edges adjacent to

e

i

{e}_{i}

. In this article, we study the maximum values of the ABS index over graphs with given parameters. More specifically, we determine the maximum ABS index of connected graphs of a given order with a fixed (i) minimum degree, (ii) maximum degree, (iii) chromatic number, (iv) independence number, or (v) number of pendent vertices. We also characterize the graphs attaining the maximum ABS values in all of these classes.
Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
Authors: Asif Marium , Yousuf Muhammad Hamza , Farooqui Usman Shakeel , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Ullah Irfan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Clinicians must know cutaneous signs of cardiovascular disease, including petechiae, macules, purpura, lentigines, and rashes. Although cutaneous manifestations of diseases like infectious endocarditis and acute rheumatic fever are well established, there is an indispensable need to evaluate other important cardiovascular diseases accompanied by cutaneous signs. Moreover, discussing the latest management strategies in this regard is equally imperative. This review discusses distinctive skin findings that help narrow the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and recommendations on appropriate treatment.
Urbanity, Decline, and Regeneration in Later Medieval England: Towards a Posthuman Household Microhistory
Authors: Jervis Ben 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It is proposed that combining a microhistorical approach with the frameworks offered by household archaeology and posthumanism provides a way of rethinking what urbanity means in archaeological (specifically later medieval) contexts. This approach is deployed to challenge generalising approaches which obscure the complexity, vibrancy, and generative capacity of past urbanities. Focussing on the question of the fortunes of later medieval small towns in England, a posthuman household microhistory of two households in the town of Steyning (southern England) is presented. This demonstrates how a focus on the practices undertaken by, and relational constitution of, households can reveal difference and open new avenues for understanding past urbanity.
Search and replication of associations of genome variants with lipid levels in a Russian sample
Authors: Zaichenoka M. , Ershova A. I. , Kiseleva A. V. , Sotnikova E. A. , Vyatkin Yu. V. , Zharikova А. A. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Shalnova S. A. , Ramensky V. E. , Meshkov A. N. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: February 2024

Aim. To search associations for lipid profile parameters (lowand highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides and total cholesterol) in population samples from two Russian regions and make a replication analysis of a previously published genome-wide association study (GWA study, GWAS) for residents of three other Russian regions.Material and methods. The study included representative samples from the Vologda (n=689) and Ivanovo (n=1675) regions collected for the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. We assessed lipid profile parameters and performed a targeted sequencing. A linear regression model adjusted for sex, age, and statin use was used to assess the associations of genomic variants with lipid profiles. The work replicated the results of a study by Usoltsev D, et al., 2023, carried out on population samples of individuals from St.Petersburg, Orenburg and Samara regions.Results. We identified variants for which associations with lipid parameters had previously been identified in a Russian sample. The proportion of replicated variants was 89% and 92% for the samples from the Vologda and Ivanovo regions, respectively. The directions of effects of all replicated variants in the previously published study (samples from the Orenburg and Samara regions and St. Petersburg) and in both studied samples (samples from the Ivanovo and Vologda regions) coincide.Conclusion. The results of the search for associations with lipid parameters in different Russian samples are consistent with each other.
Foxp1 Is Required for Renal Intercalated Cell Differentiation and Acid–Base Regulation
Authors: Wu Shi-Ting , Feng Yu , Song Renhua , Qi Yanmiao , Li Lin , Lu Dongbo , Wang Yixuan , Wu Wenrun , Morgan Angela , Wang Xiaohong , Xia Yin , Liu Renjing , Alexander Stephen I. , Wong Justin , Zhang Yuzhen , Zheng Xiangjian 
Published: February 2024

Key Points

Foxp1 is a key transcriptional factor for the differentiation of intercalated cells in collecting ducts.Dmrt2 and Hmx2 act downstream of Foxp1 to control the differentiation of type A and type B intercalated cells, respectively.Foxp1 and Dmrt2 are essential for body acid–base balance regulation.

Background
Kidney collecting ducts comprise principal cells and intercalated cells, with intercalated cells playing a crucial role in kidney acid–base regulation through H+ and HCO3
− secretion. Despite its significance, the molecular mechanisms controlling intercalated cell development remain incompletely understood.

Methods
To investigate the specific role of Foxp1 in kidney tubular system, we specifically deleted Foxp1 expression in kidney distal nephrons and collecting ducts. We examined the effects of Foxp1 on intercalated cell differentiation and urine acidification. RNA sequencing and Chip-seq were used to identify Foxp1 target genes. To dissect the genetic network that regulates intercalated cell differentiation, Dmrt2-deficient mice were generated to determine the role of Dmrt2 in intercalated cell differentiation. Foxp1-deficient mice were crossed with Notch2-deficient mice to dissect the relation between Foxp1 and Notch signaling.

Results
Foxp1 was selectively expressed in intercalated cells in collecting ducts. The absence of Foxp1 in kidney tubules led to the abolishment of intercalated cell differentiation in the collecting ducts, resulting in distal renal tubular acidosis. Foxp1 regulates the expression of Dmrt2 and Hmx2, two genes encoding transcription factors specifically expressed in type A and type B intercalated cell cells, respectively. Further genetic analysis revealed that Dmrt2 was essential for type A intercalated cell differentiation, and Foxp1 was necessary downstream of Notch for the regulation of intercalated cell differentiation.

Conclusions
Foxp1 is required for the renal intercalated cell differentiation and participated in acid–base regulation. Foxp1 regulated downstream transcriptional factors, Dmrt2 and Hmx2, which were involved in the specification of distinct subsets of intercalated cells.
Hourglass-like fascicular constriction of the median nerve: case series
Authors: Druzhinina E. S. , Druzhinin D. S. , Karapetyan A. S. , Alipbekov N. N. , Nakonechny D. G. , Rogovskaya Yu. V. , Zavadenko N. N. 
Published: February 2024

Background. The anterior interosseus nerve (AIN) syndrome is a rare pathology, with cause is discussed. The findings in isolated AIN patients are in the main trunk of median nerve. It is confirmed by neuroimaging data and intraoperative picture in the form of the construction of fascicles in the nerve.Aim. To describe the clinical and instrumental characteristics of patients with isolated non-traumatic lesion of AIN.Materials and methods. The clinical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging data of 7 patients with isolated nontraumatic lesion of AIN were retrospectively analyzed, three of whom underwent surgical treatment.Results. All patients complained of neuropathic pain in the affected upper limb, with an average intensity of 8 points according to visual analog scale and a duration of 1.5 to 4 weeks. Weakness of the flexor pollicis longus from 1 to 3 points on the MRC (Medical Research Council Weakness) scale was observed in all cases, weakness of flexion of the distal phalanx of the index finger in 6 patients from 1 to 3 points, which indicated an isolated lesion of the anterior interosseous nerve.Needle electromyogram revealed denervation in c in all cases, 5 patients – in the pronator teres.The fascicular constriction from 1 or 2 sections of the median nerve were detected at the shoulder level on the affected side by ultrasound in 6 patients. An increase in the cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the shoulder level in 2 cases we observed, in one case the changes were o bilateral and asymmetric. In 2 cases, an increase in cross-sectional area of С5 root was noted on the affected side by no more than 23 % of the normal value. A change in echogenicity and size decrease of the pronator quadratus, when compared with the opposite side, was noted in all cases.Conclusion. Patients with isolated AIN syndrome needs intensive evaluation to identify the localization of the level of damage to the median nerve.
Assessment of the results of treatment of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
Authors: Sehweil Salah M. M. , Goncharova Z. A. 
Published: February 2024

Background. A vast ischemic lesion in cases of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction causes a massive edema of the affected cerebral hemisphere, which leads to development of the dislocation syndrome and, in most cases, death. Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a more effective method for treatment of malignant ischemic infarction, than conservative therapy.Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction.Materials and methods. Analysis was carried out of the case histories of 57 patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction, out of which number 64.9 % were women and 35.1 % were men. The patients’ ages varied from 49 to 90 years, with the average of 72.7 year. All patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 patients (n = 47, 82.5 %) received only conservative therapy, while Group 2 patients (n = 10, 17.5 %) were subjected to surgical treatment.Results. The in-hospital stay of Group 1 patients varied from 2 to 73 days (the mean stay being 14.4 ± 1.8 days). Lethality in the conservative therapy patients was 46.8 % during the in-hospital stay varying from 2 to 21 days, with the average of 7.7 ± 1.7 days. Based on the postmortem examination, dislocation syndrome and its consequences were the cause of death in 90.9 % of the patients, who received in-hospital conservative therapy.The in-hospital stay of Group 2 patients varied from 22 to 33 days, with the average of 19.6 ± 4.3 days. The postoperative mortality was 40 %. The postmortem examination showed that the cause of the deaths was exacerbation of the dislocation syndrome and its consequences.Conclusion. Malignant ischemic syndrome in the territory supplied by the middle cerebral artery is the most severe form of ischemic infarction accompanied by constant disability of patients. Despite decompressive hemicraniectomy, lethality for the patients with malignant ischemic syndrome remains high, the principal cause being development of the dislocation syndrome.