bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of 3‐[(2‐chlorophenyl)diazenyl]pyridine‐2,6‐diamine as Optical Limiter
Authors: John Athira Maria , Benny Cyril , Philip Reji , Puthanveetil Balakrishnan Sreeja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAzobenzenes undergo reversible trans‐cis photoisomerization and have been extensively studied as photoresponsive material. In contrast, azopyridines have garnered relatively less attention despite their similar photochemistry. When compared to azobenzene, azopyridines offer more opportunities for material design through hydrogen bonding and coordination chemistry. Here, we report the isomerization for 3‐[(2‐chlorophenyl)diazenyl]pyridine‐2,6‐diamine (1od) through an integrative experimental and computational study. Notably, the energy barrier of 1od was significantly lower than that of previously reported azobenzenes. Moreover, we investigated and elucidated the photoisomerization pathway. 1od exhibited high nonlinear absorption, with a nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) of 1.31
10−9 m W−1, as determined by Z‐scan measurements. The results indicate that 1od has potential applications in optical limiters, which are used to fabricate protective eyewear and safeguard optical sensors from damage.
MCM‐41@CPTMS as an Efficient and High‐Performance Catalyst for One‐Pot Construction of Indeno[1,2‐b]quinolin‐8‐one Derivatives**
Authors: Najafi Leila , Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Sadat Oboudatian Hourieh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, MCM‐41@CPTMS nanoparticles were readily prepared and evaluated as acidic nanosilica spheres for the synthesis of indeno[1,2‐b]quinolinone derivatives through one‐pot three‐component reaction of 1‐naphthylamine, aromatic aldehydes and 1,3‐indandione. A high surface area, a hexagonal array of uniform mesoporous, high thermal stability, recyclability, nontoxicity and the easy separation of the nanocatalyst, make this nanocatalyst very useful for the synthesis of organic compounds. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) was prepared easily and affirmed to be effective and prepared the products with excellent yields under reflux conditions. The structure of obtained nanoparticles was characterized by FE‐SEM, TEM, EDX, FT‐IR, XRD, TGA and BET. This synthetic protocol provides several benefits such as excellent yields in short reaction times (83–97 %),saving costs, reusability of the catalyst (five runs), and low catalyst loading.
Luminescent Mono‐, Di‐ and Trisubstituted 2,4,6‐Triphenylpyridine‐Based Molecules: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Slobodinyuk Daria G. , Slobodinyuk Alexey I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe chromophores based on a pyridine central acceptor and one/two/three peripheral substituents of different electronic and spatial nature have been designed and synthesized. The structure‐property relationship was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, UV‐Vis and emission spectroscopy. A study of the thermal properties of the synthesized compounds showed that the presence of a 3,6‐bis(tert‐butyl)carbazole fragment leads to a significant increase in the glass transition temperature of the compounds. Photophysical studies have revealed that N,N‐diphenylamine‐containing pyridines are characterized by a high fluorescence quantum yield. In this regard, the expediency of the simultaneous presence in the structure of chromophores of electron‐donating groups of different natures has been proven, since this approach makes it possible to obtain compounds with high fluorescence quantum yield and molar absorption coefficient, as well as a narrow band gap and a deep level of the highest occupied molecular orbital.
Evaluation of prehospital preparedness for major incidents on a national level, with focus on mass casualty incidents
Authors: Ugelvik Kristina Stølen , Thomassen Øyvind , Braut Geir Sverre , Geisner Thomas , Sjøvold Janecke Engeberg , Agri Joakim , Montan Carl 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate prehospital preparedness work for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI) and Major Incidents (MI) in Norway.

Method
A national cross-sectional descriptive study of Norway’s prehospital MI preparedness through a web-based survey. A representative selection of Rescue and Emergency Services were included, excluding Non-Governmental Organisations and military. The survey consisted of 59 questions focused on organisation, planning, education/training, exercises and evaluation.

Results
Totally, 151/157 (96%) respondents answered the survey. The results showed variance regarding contingency planning for MCI/MI, revisions of the plans, use of national triage guidelines, knowledge requirements, as well as haemostatic and tactical first aid skills training. Participation in interdisciplinary on-going life-threatening violence (PLIVO) exercises was high among Ambulance, Police and Fire/Rescue Emergency Services. Simulations of terrorist attacks or disasters with multiple injured the last five years were reported by 21/151 (14%) on a regional level and 74/151 (48%) on a local level. Evaluation routines after MCI/MI events were reported by half of the respondents (75/151) and 70/149 (47%) described a dedicated function to perform such evaluation.

Conclusion
The study indicates considerable variance and gaps among Prehospital Rescue and Emergency Services in Norway regarding MCI/MI preparedness work, calling for national benchmarks, minimum requirements, follow-up routines of the organisations and future reassessments. Implementation of mandatory PLIVO exercises seems to have contributed to interdisciplinary exercises between Fire/Rescue, Police and Ambulance Emergency Service. Repeated standardised surveys can be a useful tool to assess and follow-up the MI preparedness work among Prehospital Rescue and Emergency Services at a national, regional and local level.
Vertrauliche Spurensicherung braucht kurze Wege
Authors: Schaffer C. , Liedmann J. , Ritz-Timme S. , Gahr B. 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Untersuchung von Gewaltbetroffenen, einschließlich der Vertraulichen Spurensicherung, gehört mittlerweile zum rechtsmedizinischen, teilweise auch zum klinischen Alltag. Mit der Neuregelung des SGB V steht das Konzept der Vertraulichen Spurensicherung in Deutschland vor einer Umstrukturierung und Professionalisierung.

Fragestellung
Vor Umsetzung der SGB-V-Neuregelung sollen Akzeptanz und Erreichbarkeit der derzeitigen Angebote zur Vertraulichen Spurensicherung im Raum Düsseldorf abgebildet werden.

Material und Methoden
Für die Jahre 2015–2022 erfolgte eine retrospektive Datenanalyse aller Untersuchungen von Gewaltbetroffenen im Düsseldorfer Institut für Rechtsmedizin. Einbezogen wurden die in behördlichem, konsiliarischem und privatem Auftrag erfolgten Untersuchungen aller Altersgruppen. Der Fokus lag auf der Dimension des realen Einzugsgebietes des Düsseldorfer Institutes für Rechtsmedizin.

Ergebnisse
Es lässt sich ein stetiger Anstieg der Anzahl der im privaten Auftrag erfolgten Untersuchungen verzeichnen. Konkret hat sich die Anzahl von 88 privat initiierten Untersuchungen im Jahr 2015 bis zum Jahr 2022 auf 172 Untersuchungen mehr als verdoppelt. Hierbei fällt insbesondere auf, dass ein Großteil der untersuchten Gewaltbetroffenen aus der unmittelbaren räumlichen Umgebung stammt. Von insgesamt 1098 Untersuchungen hatten 881 Personen ihren Wohnsitz im Landkreis Düsseldorf oder den unmittelbar angrenzenden Landkreisen Mettmann und Rhein-Kreis Neuss.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse aus der Zeit vor der Umsetzung der SGB-V-Neuregelungen belegen die Notwendigkeit eines engmaschigen Netzes aus Anlaufstellen für die Vertrauliche Spurensicherung mit geschulten Ärztinnen und Ärzten. Der hohe Anteil des Betroffenenkollektivs aus der direkten Nähe des Institutes zeigt auf, dass gerade in einem bevölkerungsreichen Bundesland wie Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) einige wenige zentrale Einrichtungen nicht ausreichen, um flächendeckend qualitativ hochwertige Vertrauliche Spurensicherung gewährleisten zu können.
The characteristics of Polish patients with salivary gland tumors: a ten-year single-center experience
Authors: Chloupek Aldona , Jurkiewicz Dariusz , Kania Joanna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The study aims to provide insights into the characteristics of Polish patients with different salivary gland pathologies.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective study conducted at a single center, including patients who underwent surgery for salivary gland pathologies between 2012 and 2022.

Results
This study included 239 patients who underwent surgery for salivary gland tumors or inflammatory diseases. Malignant tumors were diagnosed in 9.8% of participants, while 64% had benign tumors and 21% suffered from inflammation. The occurrence of complications after surgery was relatively low, with 9.9% of participants experiencing slight facial weakness or mild dysfunction, and 3% experiencing complete paralysis of the facial nerves. Significant differences were observed between patients with cancers and those with benign tumors and inflammation in terms of age. Cancers were more common in females (67% vs. 33%) and predominantly localized in the parotid glands (95%).

Conclusion
Benign tumors, such as Warthin's tumors and polymorphous adenoma, were predominantly found in the parotid glands of patients aged 39–72 years. On the other hand, inflammatory diseases were primarily localized within the submandibular glands of males aged 40–68 years. Additionally, the presence of a malignant tumor was associated with longer hospitalization periods related to surgery and a higher risk of severe complications.

Clinical relevance
This study on Polish patients with salivary gland tumors provides valuable clinical insights that can aid in diagnosis, treatment planning, patient counseling, and further research in the field of oncology. It contributes to the overall understanding of salivary gland tumors, potentially benefiting both patients and healthcare providers.
Prenatal Exposure to Androgens and Gender Socialisation Effects on Children’s Academic Interests
Authors: Sánchez Guerrero Laia , Schober Pia S. , Derntl Birgit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have documented gender differences in fields of study as well as interest in school subjects. Boys are on average more interested in mathematics, and girls show greater interest in languages. The extent to which these disparities are the result of biological or environment influences is still an open debate. On the one hand, brain organisation theory suggests that physiological and behavioural differences may be linked to prenatal hormone levels. On the other hand, sociological and psychological perspectives highlight the importance of gender socialisation. This paper combines biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives to examine the emergence of gendered academic interests in children.The study draws on data from 9‑year-old children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Our results suggest that for both boys and girls, medium to high compared with low prenatal exposure to circulating maternal testosterone might increase children’s interests in mathematics relative to English, although results vary depending on how prenatal testosterone exposure is measured. As the distributions of prenatal androgen exposure and the relationships with maths versus English interests are very similar for boys and girls, prenatal androgen exposure does not contribute to explaining gender differences in academic interests. However, we find some evidence that the relationship with parental gender socialisation varies by prenatal androgen exposure. A more gender-equal parental division of domestic work is more strongly associated with less gendered academic interests for girls with low prenatal androgen exposure and for boys with medium to high androgen exposure.
Variation in UK fracture liaison service consultation conduct and content before and during the COVID pandemic: results from the iFraP-D UK survey
Authors: Bullock Laurna , Abdelmagid Sittana , Fleming Jane , Leyland Sarah , Clark Emma M. , Gidlow Christopher , Iglesias-Urrutia Cynthia P. , O’Neill Terence W. , Mallen Christian , Jinks Clare , Paskins Zoe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Summary

We conducted a survey of FLSs’ consultation conduct and content which identified marked variation in whether FLS HCPs discussed osteoporosis medicine with patients. A review of service pro formas showed more content related to ‘investigating’ and ‘intervening’ than to ‘informing’. We propose an expanded FLS typology and model FLS pro forma.

Purpose
To investigate the nature of direct patient contact in fracture liaison service (FLS) delivery, examine the use and content of pro formas to guide information eliciting and sharing in FLS consultations, and determine service changes which were implemented as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
An electronic survey of UK FLS healthcare practitioners (HCPs) was distributed through clinical networks, social media, and other professional networks. Participants were asked to upload service pro formas used to guide consultation content. Documentary analysis findings were mapped to UK FLS clinical standards.

Results
Forty-seven HCPs responded, providing data on 39 UK FLSs, over half of all 74 FLSs reporting to FLS-database. Results showed variation in which HCP made clinical decisions, whether medicines were discussed with patients or not, and in prescribing practice. Services were variably affected by COVID, with most reporting a move to more remote consulting. The documentary analysis of eight service pro formas showed that these contained more content related to ‘investigating’ and ‘intervening’, with fewer pro formas prompting the clinician to offer information and support (e.g., about coping with pain). Based on our findings we propose an expanded FLS typology and have developed a model FLS pro forma.

Conclusion
There is marked variation in the delivery of services and content of consultations in UK FLSs including discussion about osteoporosis medications. Clinical standards for FLSs should clarify the roles of primary and secondary HCPs and the importance of holistic approaches to patient care.
Pollen recognition through an open-source web-based system: automated particle counting for aerobiological analysis
Authors: Chaves Antonio Jesús , Martín Cristian , Torres Luis Llopis , Díaz Manuel , Ruiz-Mata Rocío , de Gálvez-Montañez Enrique , Recio Marta , Trigo M. Mar , Picornell Antonio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAirborne pollen is produced by plants for their sexual reproduction and can have negative impacts on public health. The current monitoring systems are based on manual sampling processes which are tedious and time-consuming. Due to that, pollen concentrations are often reported with a delay of up to one week. In this study, we present an open-source user-friendly web application powered by deep learning for automatic pollen count and classification. The application aims to simplify the process for non-IT users to count and classify different types of pollen, reducing the effort required compared to manual methods. To overcome the challenges of acquiring large labelled datasets, we propose a semi-automatic labelling approach, which combines human expertise and machine learning techniques. The results demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces the effort required for users to count and classify pollen taxa accurately. The model achieved high precision and recall rates ($$\varvec{>96\%}$$

>
96
%

mAP@0.5), enabling reliable pollen identification and prediction.
Learning in unaccredited internship as development of interns’ ‘horizontal expertise’
Authors: Popov Jelena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rise of internships as a form of work experience that students pursue during their degree or after graduation has been accompanied by an upsurge of discussions, critical and favourable, on the role of internships for interns’ employment opportunities. There is a need, however, to understand the learning that goes in internship as for many students internship is a setting where work practices are encountered for the first time. Recently it has been suggested that unaccredited internship can be seen as constituting a separate work activity that needs to be examined in its own right. The aim of this article is to contribute to this literature by focusing on the learning challenges that arise in unaccredited internship and identifying the capacities that interns develop as a result of tackling these challenges. To that end, I identify a set of analytical concepts from vocational learning literature developed to understand the challenges and opportunities associated with learning across contexts (i.e. education and work): horizontal expertise, boundary-crossing, recontextualisation and identity-renegotiation. Then I analyse data on learning in unaccredited internships collected from five focus groups and two interviews (18 interns). A dialogic discourse analysis of focus group and interview discourses revealed that the interns in unaccredited internship developed an emerging capacity to learn and work competently across multiple contexts and to initiate and coordinate subsequent cycles of boundary-crossing between education and work. The paper proposes the notion of “interns’ horizontal expertise” to describe this emerging capacity that arises from learning in unaccredited internship and continues after the internship and explains how this concept differs from other expressions of horizontal expertise in the literature such as the horizontal expertise of seasoned professionals in inter-professional activities and boundary-crossing in work placements.
Origin and Tectonic Implications of I-type Granites, North Delhi Fold Belt, NW, India: Insights from Whole Rock Geochemistry and Mineral Compositions
Authors: Kanyan Naveen Kumar , Kumar Naresh , Rana Swati , Kumar Naveen , Singh A. Krishnakanta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive whole-rock geochemical and mineral chemistry study was carried out of granites from the Narnaul and surrounding isolated hills of North Delhi Mobile Belt, NW India to constrain their genesis, and tectonic environment. The distinctive features of granites are meta to peraluminous nature and decreasing trend of P2O5 with high SiO2 (&gt;71%) ascribed to its metaigneous origin. In detail the chemical diversity of the studied samples is reflected by their affinity to Calc-alkaline to shoshonite series with high K2O/Na2O (mostly&gt;1), low MgO (&lt; 0.11%) and variation in Mg# (upto 0.5) and maficity with increasing SiO2. The positive Eu anomalies, high LILE, highly enriched LREE (La/Sm = 4.13–19.33) pattern and comparatively elevated concentrations of Cs, La, Ta, Dy, Zr, Pb and Yb suggest different episodes of magmatic differentiation. Our data indicate that melting of older subduction-related igneous rocks and the underwent fractional crystallization in hydrous conditions is the possible mechanism for the generation of I-type granites in collisional tectonic setting.
Semi-automated Rock Layer Recognition from Borehole Log Data Using Combined Wavelet and Fourier Transform: A Case Study in the KG basin, India
Authors: Mukherjee Bappa , Sain Kalachand 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The accurate identification of rock layer interfaces from wireline logs is one of the crucial issue of geological interpretation as we face difficulties in traditional interpretations due to the presence of various kind of high and low frequencies in the log data. Determination of rock boundaries in shallow marine sediments is very important to understand several issues related to the exploration of conventional and non-conventional hydrocarbons. Presently a combined wavelet and Fourier transform-based approach was demonstrated to discriminate the rock layers from wireline log data in Krishna-Godavari basin, which were acquired during the India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-Exp.-02). Initially, we selected the suitable mother wavelets and optimum level of decomposition to perform the wavelet transform by computing the error between the original log signal(s) and approximation coefficients (cA’s) of the decomposed signal(s) at several decomposition levels. Subsequently, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of a particular decomposition level was applied to the log signals to obtain the detail coefficients (cD’s), which contain the high-frequency components of the log signals. Further, these high-frequency components of the log signals were utilized in frequency spectrum-based filtering approaches. This approach was adapted to yield information about the abrupt changes occurring in the log signals across the studied depth interval. The combined application of Fourier and wavelet transforms to shallow marine log data demonstrates that this approach is an efficient tool for delineating rock layer boundaries.
Statistical and Geochemical Evaluation of Fluoride-rich Groundwater from North Coastal Part of Odisha
Authors: Das Utsav , Hota Soumya Ranjan , Das Rosalin , Hota Rabindra Nath 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The chemistry of the groundwater of north coastal part of Odisha is primarily controlled by weathering of minerals present in basement rocks superimposed by anthropogenic activities and sea water intrusion. The water is hard and alkaline in nature, but most of the constituent ions excluding F− are within permissible limits for human consumption. Four factors satisfying over 86% of the total variance and three clusters corresponding to geogenic, alkaline and anthropogenic processes have been identified. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, F−, CO32− and HCO3− are geogenic, contributed by the basement rocks and soils. Cl–, SO42– and NO3– are anthropogenic, derived from haphazard household waste disposal, overflows of septic tanks, return flow from irrigation, animal wastes, manures, soil conditioners and chemical fertilizers. K+ and F− belong to both the categories while Na– and Cl– are contributed by saline intrusion to some extent. The pH, total alkalinity and F- represent alkaline component, while HCO3– is derived from weathering of minerals and influence of atmospheric CO2. Change of groundwater types from Ca-HCO3 (fresh water) → Ca-Mg-Cl → Na-Cl (saline water) as well as increase of total dissolved solids in seaward direction indicates the effect of seawater intrusion in the study area. Sympathetic relationship of F” with total alkalinity, pH and Na+ as well as negative correlation with Ca2+ suggest the prevalence of alkaline environment that favors dissolution of fluoride minerals of the basement rocks. It is suggested to minimize the anthropogenic activities like haphazard waste disposal and excessive use of agrochemicals, adopt artificial recharge measures, take up regular groundwater quality check and aware the public for proper management of groundwater resource in the study area.