bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Human Viruses in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and the Relationship Between Viruses and Clinical Parameters
Authors: Saygun Işil , Şahin Sermet , Özdemir Atilla , Kurtiş Bülent , Yapar Mehmet , Kubar Ayhan , Özcan Gönen 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that various human viruses, especially cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein‐Barr virus type‐1 (EBV‐1), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), seem to play a part in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. Little information is available on the relationship between these viruses and clinical periodontal parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. This study examined the occurrence of HCMV, EBV‐1, and HSV in patients with chronic periodontitis and the relationship between these viruses and clinical parameters.Methods: A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method determined the presence of HCMV, EBV‐1, and HSV. Subgingival plaque samples from 30 patients with chronic periodontitis and 21 randomly selected healthy controls were collected by paper points, and clinical measurements were recorded from both sampling sites and entire dentition. The following indices were measured: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL).Results: HCMV was detected in 44.3% of chronic periodontitis patients and 14.3% of healthy persons (P <0.05); EBV‐1 in 16.7% of chronic periodontitis patients and 14.3% of healthy persons (P = 1.00); and HSV in 6.7% of chronic periodontitis patients and in no healthy persons. HCMV and EBV‐1 detected and undetected sites in patients with periodontitis showed statistically significant differences in sampling clinical depth (SPD) and sampling clinical attachment loss (SCAL). Differences in the measurements of PI of entire dentition and GI of entire dentition between HSV detected and undetected sites were statistically significant.Conclusions: Findings of the present study confirm the frequent presence of HCMV in crevicular samples of chronic periodontitis lesions, and suggest a strong relationship between the presence of HCMV and EBV‐1 in subgingival areas and the measurements of probing depth and probing attachment loss. J Periodontol 2002;73:1437‐1443.
IgG Subclass Specific Antibody Response to Periodontopathic Organisms in HIV‐Positive Patients
Authors: Yeung Stephen C.H. , Taylor Barbara A. , Sherson Wayne , Lazarus Ross , Zhao Zhen Z. , Bird Philip S. , Hamlet Stephen M. , Bannon Michael , Daly Christopher , Seymour Gregory J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: We previously reported an increased rate of progression of periodontal disease over an 18‐month period in human immunode‐ficiency virus (HIV)‐positive subjects compared to controls. The mechanism for disease progression and rapid tissue loss was unknown. Data on the microbiological studies failed to show any significant difference in the microbial characteristics of the periodontal lesions in HIV‐positive patients compared to HIV‐negative controls. Immunological analysis had identified neutrophils as an important component of the host defense against periodontal infection, especially against raPid tissue loss. Serum IgG reactivities to periodontal pathogens in HIV‐positive patients with periodontitis were reduced. Other data provided circumstantial evidence to suggest that IgG subclass (IgG2) specific antibody might assist bacterial clearing in periodontal infection. The aim of the current study was to examine the specific IgG subclass antibody response to a panel of periodontopathic organisms: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), and Bacteroides forsythus (Bf) in HIV‐positive patients compared to HIVnegative controls.Methods: Sera from 120 HIV‐positive patients (40 periodontitis, 69 gingivitis, and 11 no oral diseases) were tested for IgG subclass specific antibody response to the above listed 6 organisms using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Data were compared with those obtained from 40 HIV‐negative control subjects (35 periodontitis, 2 gingivitis, and 3 no oral diseases).Results: In the HIV‐positive group, a consistently high response rate was found in IgG1 to all the bacteria tested. In addition, high levels of IgG3 and IgG4 to Pg and IgG1 and IgG2 to Pi were also present. However, no significant difference was detected among the periodontitis, gingivitis, and no oral disease subgroups. When the periodontitis patients from the HIV‐positive group were compared to the HIV‐negative group, no difference in the antibody levels and response rates was noted.Conclusion: We conclude that in HIV‐positive patients, the specific IgG subclass antibody response to periodontopathic organisms was similar to that of HIV‐negative subjects. J Periodontol 2002;73:1444‐1450.
The Effect of Safflower Seed Extract on Periodontal Healing of 1‐Wall Intrabony Defects in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Young , Kim Chang‐Sung , Jhon Gil‐Ja , Moon Ik‐Sang , Choi Seong‐Ho , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Chai Jung‐Kiu , Kim Chong‐Kwan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent interest in naturally based products has increased. Various herbal extracts are known to have a variety of medicinal properties. Among the various natural medicines, safflower seeds have beneficial effects on various bone diseases such as bone fracture, osteoporosis, and osteodysplasia. In addition, they are known to have anti‐inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a safflower seed extract (SSE) on the regeneration of periodontal tissue in a preclinical 1‐wall model in dogs.Methods: Preclinical 1‐wall periodontal defects were surgically created in the mesial aspect of the maxillary third and mandibular fourth premolar and in the distal aspect of the maxillary first and mandibular second premolar, and were randomly assigned to receive SSE/collagen (SSE/Col), phosphate‐buffered saline/collagen (buffer control), or root planing only (surgical control). The created 1‐wall defect configuration was 4 mm in depth by 4 mm in width. We selected the segment showing the best activity to the osteoblast cells that was sensitive to the formation of calcified nodules among the SSE fractions extracted from various organic solvents. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks postsurgery, and block sections of the defects were collected for histologic and histometric analysis.Results: The junctional epithelium migration did not show any statistically significant differences among the treatments. In connective tissue adhesion, the SSE/Col group and the buffer control group showed significant differences compared to the surgical control group. New cementum averaged 3.84 ± 0.57 mm, 3.75 ± 0.24 mm, and 1.53 ± 1.22 mm for the SSE/Col group, the buffer control group, and the surgical control group, respectively, with the SSE/Col and buffer control groups significantly different from the surgical control group (P <0.05). The amount of intrabony cementum in the SSE/Col group was significantly different (P <0.01) from the surgical control group, but the amount of suprabony cementum did not demonstrate any statistical difference between the different treatments. The amount of new alveolar bone averaged 2.93 ± 0.70 mm, 2.10 ± 0.63 mm, and 1.20 ± 0.65 mm for the SSE/Col group, the buffer control group, and the surgical control group, respectively. The difference in alveolar bone regeneration between the SSE/Col group and the surgical control group was significantly different (P <0.01). Root resorption was often observed, but no ankylosis was present.Conclusion: Wound conditioning with safflower seed extracts may contribute to bone formation but appears to have unpredictable potential for stimulating periodontal regeneration including new cementum. J Periodontol 2002;73:1457‐1466.
The Cost‐Effectiveness of Interleukin‐1 Genetic Testing for Periodontal Disease
Authors: Higashi Mitchell K. , Veenstra David L. , Aguila Michael Del , Hujoel Philippe 
Published: February 2005

Background: A genetic test for a composite interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) genotype is being marketed to predict risk for progression of periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical scenario required to produce cost‐effective results with the use of IL‐1 testing to identify high‐risk patients.Methods: A disease simulation model was developed using decision‐analytic techniques and a 30‐year time frame.Results: Using different modeling scenarios, the genetic test produced results ranging from cost savings of $830,140 and 52.8 fewer cases of severe periodontitis to increased costs of $300,430 and 3.6 additional cases of severe periodontitis (per 1,000 patients). Three parameters in the analysis were highly influential: 1) the compliance rate for maintenance therapy in test positive versus non‐tested patients; 2) the effectiveness of non‐surgical therapy; and 3) the relative risk of disease progression for test positive patients.Conclusion: The model produced a wide range of outcomes reflecting our incomplete understanding of the biology, optimal treatment, and genetic susceptibility of periodontal diseases. However, the model demonstrates that three clinical parameters are highly influential in determining if IL‐1 testing can be implemented in a primary care setting in a cost‐effective manner. J Periodontol 2002;73:1474‐1484.
Combined Therapy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Treatment of External Root Resorption and an Associated Osseous Defect
Authors: White Cecil , Bryant Nathaniel 
Published: February 2005

Background: The treatment of external root resorption and associated periodontal defects can be challenging to the most astute clinician. In this case report, a multidisciplinary approach was performed to treat a maxillary central incisor that presented with a sinus tract. An amalgam restoration had been placed approximately 10 years earlier to repair an area of external root resorption.Methods: A full‐thickness mucoperiosteal flap was reflected from teeth #8 to #9. Following degranulation of the area, an amalgam restoration was found on the distal root surface of tooth #8. A 2‐wall osseous lesion was also associated with the distal surface of #8. The amalgam was removed and the defect was restored with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The root surface was chemically conditioned with tetracycline, and the osseous defect was grafted with decalcified freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and a calcium sulfate barrier.Results: An 8 mm gain in clinical attachment, well as an increase in radiodensity, was noted on the distal surface of tooth #8 at 15 months postsurgery. The patient was also asymptomatic, with no clinical signs of inflammation present.Conclusions: A combined approach utilizing MTA for root surface repair, and DFDBA and calcium sulfate to address an associated osseous lesion, appears to be a viable modality in the treatment of chronic endodontic/periodontal lesions. J Periodontol 2002; 1517‐1521.73:
Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis Diagnosed Through Periodontal Lesions: A Case Report
Authors: Muzzi Leonardo , Prato Giovan Paolo Pini , Ficarra Giuseppe 
Published: February 2005

Background: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder in which a neoplastic proliferation of cells similar to the Langerhans' cell of the epidermis is observed. The disease may affect different organs as solitary or multiple lesions with a complete dissemination in different organs such as the bone (jaws), lung, hypothalamus, skin and mucous membranes, lymph nodes, liver, and other tissues. Although LCH is considered a childhood or juvenile disease, the diagnosis is often made in adults, and in many cases, a juvenile form progresses into adult life. Hand‐Schuller‐Christian disease (HSCD) is an LCH form in which the typical lesions involve the cranial bones, the eyes, and the pituitary gland.Methods: This article describes a case of a patient diagnosed, through periodontal lesions and diabetes insipidus, as having Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.Conclusion: As far as LCH lesions appearing in periodontal tissues, the periodontist should be involved in the detection of oral lesions. J Periodontol 2002;73:1528‐1533.
The Effect of Removable Partial Dentures on Periodontal Health of Abutment and Non‐Abutment Teeth
Authors: Knezović Zlatarić Dubravka , Čelebić Asjâ , Valentić‐Peruzović Melita 
Published: February 2005

Background: A removable partial denture (RPD) is a common treatment available for restoration of partially edentulous ridges. Longitudinal studies indicate that RPDs have been associated with increased gingivitis, periodontitis, and abutment mobility.Methods: A total of 205 patients with RPDs participated in this study. There were 80 males and 125 females aged 38 to 89, with 123 maxillary and 138 mandibular RPDs. Patients were wearing existing RPDs for different periods ranging from 1 to 10 years. A two‐part questionnaire was devised for this study. In the first part, patients answered questions on gender; age; smoking habits; denture age; denture wearing habits; mouth odor; and problems with food accumulating under the denture base, on the outside surface of the denture, and on the outside surface of remaining teeth after eating. The Kennedy classification, material, denture support, denture base shape, and number of teeth in contact, number of existing clasps, and occlusal rests were categorized. The quality of denture construction was also evaluated. In the second part of the questionnaire, baseline recordings of plaque (PI), gingival (GI), and calculus (CI) indexes were made, and Tarbet index (TI), as well as probing depth PD), gingival recession (GR), and tooth mobility (TM) were measured, both on abutment and non‐abutment teeth.Results: Significant differences (P <0.01) were noted for PI, CI, GI, PD, TM, and GR between abutment and non‐abutment teeth, with abutment teeth showing more disease.Conclusions: RPD design plays an important role in the state of the periodontium. Appropriate design and good oral hygiene may decrease the appearance of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2002;73:137‐144.
Comparison of Conventional Periodontal Maintenance Versus Scaling and Root Planing With Subgingival Minocycline
Authors: Meinberg Trudy A. , Barnes Caren M. , Dunning David G. , Reinhardt Richard A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Alternative regimens using subgingival antimicrobials compared to conventional periodontal maintenance (PM) may lead to more efficient protocols. The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment time and clinical and radiographic outcomes in 2 periodontitis cohorts, one receiving conventional PM and the other receiving scaling and root planing (SRP) and multiple doses of subgingival minocycline.Methods: Moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis patients were concurrently treated with either: 1) scaling and root planing and 4 subgingival doses of minocycline microspheres in all ≥5 mm pockets over a 6‐month period (RP/M; n = 24 patients); or 2) conventional 3‐month periodontal maintenance (PM; n = 24 patients). Clinical and radiographic measurements, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and interproximal bone height (BH), were analyzed in 2 premolar/molar interproximal ≥5 mm pockets at baseline and 1 year using paired t tests, analysis of variance, chi‐square analysis, and correlation coefficients.Results: Baseline clinical and radiographic data were similar between RP/M and PM patients. Probing depths showed greater mean improvement in RP/M (0.9 ± 0.1 versus 0.4 ± 0.1 mm, P = 0.02), with 25% of subjects in RP/M gaining ≥2 mm compared to 4.2% in PM (differences were statistically significant). The mean loss in bone height and percent subjects losing bone height were less in RP/M (0.05 ± 0.05 mm; 12.5%) than PM (0.09 ± 0.08 mm; 16.7%), but bone height differences were not statistically significant. A subset of RP/M molar furcation sites responded with similar PD reduction and no BH loss over 1 year. While cross‐sectional RP/M data between CAL and BH, or PD and CAL were highly correlated, changes over 1 year were not correlated among any of these parameters.Conclusions: Scaling and root planing and subgingival minocycline in experimental sites took little time (<5 minutes/appointment), but resulted in more probing depth reduction and less frequent bone height loss than conventional periodontal maintenance. J Periodontol 2002;73:167‐172.
The Effects of Varying Degrees of Allograft Decalcification on Cultured Porcine Osteoclast Cells
Authors: Herold Robert W. , Pashley David H. , Cuenin Michael F. , Niagro Frank , Hokett Steven D. , Peacock Mark E. , Mailhot Jason , Borke James 
Published: February 2005

Background: Demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) is widely used in periodontal therapy as a scaffold for new bone formation in periodontal defects. It is demineralized, theoretically, to expose osteoinductive or osteoconductive bone matrix proteins that should facilitate osteogenesis. The degree of DFDBA demineralization varies between tissue banks and may affect clinical regeneration. A 2% residual calcium level in DFDBA has been shown to result in the highest alkaline phosphatase activity levels in cultured human periosteal cells and is optimally osteoinductive or osteoconductive for new bone formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 different residual calcium levels in commercially available DFDBA samples on porcine osteoclast activity as measured by resorption on calcium phosphatecoated disks.Methods: Bone marrow was harvested from the femurs of 3‐week‐old farm pigs and cultured for 3 weeks. Hematopoietic stem cells were allowed to differentiate into mature active polykaryons displaying genuine osteoclast characteristics. The osteoclast cells displayed a dense actin band inside the margins of the cytoplasm under light microscopy. Culture media was decanted and collagenase added to free the attached cells. Equal cell samples were pipetted onto calcium phosphate‐coated disks in 24‐well plates. DFDBA samples with 1.44%, 2.41%, and 5.29% residual calcium; FDBA (30% residual calcium); and control cultures without allograft samples were prepared and all samples incubated for 1 week. Cells were fixed and stained for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), Oregon Green 488‐phalloidin, a stain for cytoskeletal proteins, and counterstained with propidium iodide. Specimens were examined by light and fluorescence microscopy using epi‐illumination. Calcium phosphate disks were then rinsed in 5% sodium hypochlorite to remove adherent osteoclasts, and substrate surface changes were measured by white light interferometry and image analysis.Results: A higher yield of TRAP‐positive cells was produced without DFDBA; however, resorptive activity appears to be significantly increased in the presence of 2.41% residual calcium as compared to all other experimental groups (P <0.0065).Conclusion: In this in vitro model, porcine osteoclasts show significantly more resorptive activity as measured on calcium phosphate‐coated disks in the presence of 2.41% residual calcium in DFDBA than in other DFDBA residual calcium levels. J Periodontol 2002;73:213‐219.
Disodium Chlodronate Prevents Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Alencar Veruska B.M. , Bezerra Mirna M. , Lima Vilma , Abreu André Luis C. , Brito Gerly Anne C. , Rocha Francisco Airton C. , Ribeiro Ronaldo A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic disease characterized by alveolar bone loss and inflammatory changes. We studied the effect of disodium chlodronate (CD), a bisphosphonate used in metastatic and metabolic bone disease as a bone resorbing drug, in an experimental periodontitis model (EPD) focusing on anti‐resorptive and anti‐inflammatory parameters.Methods: A nylon thread ligature was placed around the left maxillary molars of 72 male Wistar rats who were sacrificed after 7 or 11 days. Groups were treated daily with CD (1, 5, or 25 mg/kg/sc) starting at day 0 until day 7 (prophylactic CD) or from day 5 until day 11 (curative CD) after periodontitis induction. Non‐treated group (NT) consisted of rats subjected to periodontitis that received no pharmacological treatment. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was measured as the distance between the cuspid tips and the alveolar bone. The right jaw was used as control. The hemiarcades were processed for histopathologic analysis.Results: In NT group there was significant ABL, severe mononuclear cells influx, and increase in osteoclast numbers. Prophylactic CD treatment decreased the ABL 25.8%, 61.6%, and 75.5% as compared to NT for the 1, 5, and 25 mg/kg CD doses, respectively. Curative CD treatment decreased the ABL 20%, 62%, and 69% as compared to NT for the 1, 5 and 25 mg/kg CD doses, respectively. Both prophylactic and curative CD decreased histological changes, as compared to NT rats (P<0.01).Conclusions: CD has both bone sparing and anti‐inflammatory activity in EPD in rats when administered as a pretreatment or in an ongoing process. The possibility of using CD as an alternative treatment in human periodontitis should be considered. J Periodontol 2002;73:251‐256.
Histomorphometrical Analysis of Bone Formed After Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation by Grafting With a Combination of Autogenous Bone and Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft or Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Boëck‐Neto Rodolfo Jorge , Gabrielli Mário Francisco Real , Lia Raphael Carlos Comelli , Marcantonio Elcio , Shibli Jamil Awad , Marcantonio Elcio 
Published: February 2005

Background: Maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures are currently the treatment of choice when the alveolar crest of the posterior maxilla is insufficient for dental implant anchorage. This procedure aims to obtain enough bone with biomaterial association with the autogenous bone graft to create volume and allow osteoconduction. The objective of this study was to histologically and histometrically evaluate the bone formed after maxillary sinus floor augmentation by grafting with a combination of autogenous bone, from the symphyseal area mixed with DFDBA or hydroxyapatite.Methods: Ten biopsies were taken from 10 patients 10 months after sinus floor augmentation using a combination of 50% autogenous bone plus 50% demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA group) or 50% autogenous bone plus 50% hydroxyapatite (HA group). Routine histological processing and staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome were performed.Results: The histomorphometrical analysis indicated good regenerative results in both groups for the bone tissue mean in the grafted area (50.46 ± 16.29% for the DFDBA group and 46.79 ± 8.56% for the HA group). Histological evaluation revealed the presence of mature bone with compact and cancellous areas in both groups. The inflammatory infiltrate was on average nonsignificant and of mononuclear prevalence. Some biopsies showed blocks of the biomaterial in the medullary spaces close to the bone wall, with absence of osteogenic activity.Conclusions: The results indicated that both DFDBA and HA associated with an autogenous bone graft were biocompatible and promoted osteoconduction, acting as a matrix for bone formation. However, both materials were still present after 10 months. J Periodontol 2002;73:266‐270.