bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy‐russe: New autosomal recessive neuropathy in balkan gypsies
Authors: Thomas P. K. , Kalaydjieva Luba , Youl Brian , Rogers Tamara , Angelicheva Dora , King Rosalind H. M. , Guergueltcheva Velina , Colomer Jaume , Lupu Constantin , Corches Axinia , Popa Gabriela , Merlini Luciano , Shmarov Alex , Muddle John R. , Nourallah Michelle , Tournev Ivailo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel peripheral neuropathy of autosomal recessive inheritance has been identified in Balkan Gypsies and termed hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy‐Russe (HMSN‐R). We investigated 21 affected individuals from 10 families. Distal lower limb weakness began between the ages of 8 and 16 years, upper limb involvement beginning between 10 and 43 years, with an average of 22 years. This progressive disorder led to severe weakness of the lower limbs, generalized in the oldest subject (aged 57 years), and marked distal upper limb weakness. Prominent distal sensory loss involved all modalities, resulting in neuropathic joint degeneration in two instances. All patients showed foot deformity, and most showed hand deformity. Motor nerve conduction velocity was moderately reduced in the upper limbs but unobtainable in the legs. Sensory nerve action potentials were absent. There was loss of larger myelinated nerve fibers and profuse regenerative activity in the sural nerve. HMSN‐R is a new form of autosomal recessive inherited HMSN caused by a single founder mutation in a 1Mb interval on chromosome 10q.
Elevated corticotropin releasing hormone/corticotropin releasing hormone‐R1 expression in postmortem brain obtained from children with generalized epilepsy
Authors: Wang Wei , Dow Kimberly E. , Fraser Douglas D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) system has been suggested to initiate seizure activity in the developing brain. However, human data to support this theory is lacking. In this study, we have demonstrated that the expression of CRH, CRH‐binding protein, and CRH‐R1 (a CRH membrane receptor) were significantly elevated in cortical tissue obtained from 6 children with generalized epilepsy (mean age 8.2 ± 1.5 years) relative to age‐matched controls (mean age 7.8 ± 1.4 years). In contrast, no significant difference in the expression of CRH‐R2 was observed. The advent of CRH‐R1 receptor antagonists may prove useful as novel anticonvulsants.
Pick's disease associated with the novel Tau gene mutation K369I
Authors: Neumann Manuela , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter , Crowther R. Anthony , Smith Michael J. , Spillantini Maria Grazia , Goedert Michel , Kretzschmar Hans A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExonic and intronic mutations in Tau cause neurodegenerative syndromes characterized by frontotemporal dementia and filamentous tau protein deposits. We describe a K369I missense mutation in exon 12 of Tau in a patient with a pathology typical of sporadic Pick's disease. The proband presented with severe personality changes, followed by loss of cognitive function. Detailed postmortem examination of the brain showed atrophy, which was most pronounced in the temporal lobes; and numerous tau‐immunoreactive Pick bodies and Pick cells in the neocortex and the hippocampal formation, as well as in subcortical brain regions. Their appearance and staining characteristics were indistinguishable from those of sporadic Pick's disease. However, immunoblot analysis of sarkosyl‐insoluble tau showed three major bands of 60, 64, and 68 kDa, consistent with the presence of 3‐ and 4‐repeat tau isoforms, as in Alzheimer's disease. Isolated tau filaments were irregularly twisted ribbons, with a small number of Alzheimer‐type paired helical filaments. In the presence of heparin, tau proteins with the K369I mutation formed short, slender filaments. Biochemically, recombinant tau proteins with the K369I mutation showed reduced ability to promote microtubule assembly, suggesting that this may be the primary effect of the mutation by providing a pool of aberrant tau for filament assembly. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the K369I mutation in Tau can cause a dementing disease with a neuropathology like that of Pick's disease.
Enteric bacteria may play a role in mammalian arsenic metabolism
Authors: Kuroda Koichi , Yoshida Kaoru , Yasukawa Akira , Wanibuchi Hideki , Fukushima Shoji , Endo Ginji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cecal content of rats administered dimethylarsinic acid for 6 months via drinking water was cultured in GAM medium with 10 mg l−1 of dimethylarsinic acid. Arsenic compounds in the culture were analyzed by ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC–ICP‐MS). Dimethylarsinic acid was metabolized. Two bacterial Escherichia coli strains, A3‐4 and A3‐6, were isolated from the culture. These strains metabolized dimethylarsinic acid and yielded two unidentified arsenic compounds, M‐2 and M‐3. A3‐6 methylated dimethylarsinic acid to trimethylarsine oxide. Both strains metabolized trimethylarsine oxide and yielded an unidentified arsenic compound, M‐1. These unknown arsenic compounds were the same compounds as detected in the urine and the feces of rats administered dimethylarsinic acid. The strains reduced arsenate to arsenite efficiently. Cysteine was required for metabolism of dimethylarsinic acid by these bacteria, but glutathione was not required. These results strongly suggested that the intestinal bacteria have a different arsenic metabolism from that in mammals and that they may play a possible role in mammalian arsenic metabolism. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arsenic compounds in leaves and roots of radish grown in soil treated by arsenite, arsenate and dimethylarsinic acid
Authors: Tlustoš Pavel , Goessler Walter , Száková Jir̆ina , Balík Jir̆i 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of arsenite [arsenic(III)], arsenate [arsenic(V)] and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) on the growth of radish and the concentration of arsenic compounds in the roots and leaves of radish were investigated. Radish was grown in pots on Luvisols individually amended with arsenic concentrations of 20 mg kg−1 in the form of arsenic(III), arsenic(V), and DMA. In untreated soil, arsenate was the dominant arsenic compound; arsenite and DMA were also present. Arsenic(III) added to the soil was oxidized to arsenic(V), so that no differences between arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) soil treatments were observed. On DMA treatment, this compound remained in soil in high concentration in soluble and plant‐available states, and the sum of arsenic(III), arsenic(V) and methylarsonic acid (MA) reached only 30% of water‐extractable arsenic content. A low portion of soil arsenic added as DMA was immobilized, via adsorption, compared with inorganic compounds. Arsenic(III) was the dominant compound in radish roots planted in the untreated soil, whereas in leaves most of the arsenic present was arsenic(V). DMA was also detected in both plant tissues. A similar distribution of arsenic compounds was also found on arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) treatments. On DMA treatment, this compound showed high stability and the DMA concentration exceeded the sum of the remaining arsenic compounds [arsenic(III), arsenic(V) and MA] in both roots and leaves of radish. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium(II) acetate catalyzed efficient synthesis of N‐aryl‐α,β‐unsaturated amides via carbonylative addition of aniline derivatives to aromatic alkynes
Authors: Ali Bassam El , Tijani Jimoh , El‐Ghanam Abdel Moneim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of new N‐aryl‐α,β‐disubstituted amides (gem or E1; trans or E2) were synthesized in good yields by carbonylative addition of aniline derivatives 1a–f to aromatic alkynes 2a,b catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 and 1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane. The catalytic synthesis of tertiary α,β‐unsaturated amides was also successfully achieved. Traces of products were observed in the absence of p‐toluenesulfonic acid used as an additive. The reaction is sensitive to the type of phosphine ligand and solvent. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogels for oral drug delivery of peptides: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Bajpai S. K. , Sonkusley J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study hydrogels were synthesized by the copolymerization of acrylamide and itaconic acid in the presence of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) in an aqueous medium. The incorporation of a small amount of itaconic acid resulted in the transition of the swelling behavior from Fickian to non‐Fickian. The hydrogels showed good response to the valency of the counterions and pH of the swelling media. The equilibrium water uptake increased with the pH of the external solution, thus attaining a maximum value at pH 7–8. The gels exhibited a number of deswelling–swelling cycles while maintaining mechanical strength and shape stability. The amount of itaconic acid present in the system affected the swelling behavior of the hydrogels in a rather unusual way. At pH 2.0 the equilibrium water uptake increased with the amount of acid monomer up to 15 mM, remained almost constant for a very small range of concentrations (i.e., up to 22 mM), and then finally decreased with the further increase of the acid content. However, a continuous increase was observed at the pH 7.0 of the swelling media. The hydrogels showed very poor temperature dependency and the activation energies for the samples with and without itaconic acid were 29.09 and 19.92 kJ mol−1, respectively. Finally, the swelling and deswelling processes were explained on the basis of two different mechanisms that were followed by the gels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1717–1729, 2002
Study on the adsorption properties of novel crown ether crosslinked chitosan for metal ions
Authors: Wan Lili , Wang Yuting , Qian Shahua 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe first synthesized N‐benzylidene chitosan (CTB) by the reaction of benzaldehyde with chitosan (CTS). Chitosan‐dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 crown ether bearing Schiff‐base group (CTBD) and chitosan‐dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 crown ether (CTSD) were prepared by the reaction of 4,4′‐dibromodibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 crown ether with CTB and CTS, respectively. Their structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis and X‐ray powder diffraction analysis. These novel crown ether crosslinked CTSs have space net structures with embedded crown ethers and contain the double structures and properties of CTS and crown ethers. They have stronger complexation with and better selectivity for metal ions than corresponding crown ethers and CTS. Moreover, these novel CTS derivatives can be used to separate and preconcentrate heavy or precious metal ions in aqueous environments. From this practical viewpoint, we studied the adsorption and selectivity properties of CTB, CTBD, and CTSD for Ag+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+. The experimental results showed that CTBD had better adsorption properties and higher selectivity for metal ions than CTSD. For aqueous systems containing Pb2+–Ni2+ and Pb2+–Cu2+, the selectivity coefficients of CTSD and CTBD were K/Ni2+ = 24.4 and K/Cu2+ = 41.4 and K/Ni2+ = 35.5 and K/Cu2+ = 55.3, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 29–34, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10180
Surface modification of coir fibers. II. Cu(II)‐ IO initiated graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto chemically modified coir fibers
Authors: Rout J. , Misra M. , Tripathy S. S. , Nayak S. K. , Mohanty A. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA study of the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto chemically modified coir fibers was carried out using a CuSO4 and NaIO4 combination as the initiator in an aqueous medium in a temperature range of 50–70°C. The graft yield was influenced by the reaction time, temperature, concentration of CuSO4, concentration of NaIO4, and monomer concentration. Grafting was also carried out in the presence of inorganic salts and organic solvents. A combination of copper(II) and sodium periodate (Cu2+‐IO) in an aqueous medium with an IO concentration of 0.005 mol L−1 and a Cu2+ concentration of 0.004 mol L−1 produced optimum grafting. The chemically modified and AN grafted fibers were characterized by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM studies revealed that grafting not only takes place on the surface of the fibers but also penetrates the fiber matrix. The tensile properties like the maximum stress at break and extension at break of untreated, chemically modified, and AN grafted coir fibers were evaluated and compared. The extent of absorption of water of untreated, chemically modified, and grafted coir fibers was determined. It was found that grafting of AN imparts hydrophobicity onto coir fibers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 75–82, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10221
Electromechanical behavior of hybrid carbon/glass fiber composites with tension and bending
Authors: Cho Jae Whan , Choi Jun Sik , Yoon Young Sang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo understand the smart (i.e., good memory) characteristics of hybrid composites of carbon fibers (CFs) and glass fibers (GFs) with epoxy resin as a matrix, the changes in the electrical resistance of composites with tension and on bending were investigated. The electrical resistance behavior of composites under tension changed with the composition of the CF/GF, as well as with the applied strain. The fractional electrical resistance increased slowly with increasing strain within a relatively low strain region. However, with further loading it increased stepwise with the strain according to the fracture of the CF layers. The strain sensitivity of the samples increased with increasing CF weight percentage, and the samples incorporating more than 40 wt % CF showed a strain sensitivity higher than 1.54 for a single CF. The changes in the fractional electrical resistance with bending were not so dominant as those with tension. This difference was attributed to the action of two cancelling effects, which are the increasing and decreasing fractional electrical resistance due to tension and compression with bending, respectively. On recovery from a large applied bending, the fractional electrical resistance decreased slowly with unloading because of the increase of contacts between the fibers that resulted from the reorganization of ruptured CFs during the recovery. Even the composites incorporating a relatively small CF content showed an irreversible electrical resistance with both tension and bending. However, the strain sensitivity being larger with tension than with bending is ascribed to the difference in their mechanical behaviors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2447–2453, 2002
Development of membranes by radiation grafting of acrylamide into polyethylene films: Properties and metal ion separation
Authors: Gupta Bhuvanesh , Anjum Nishat , Sen Kushal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPolyethylene‐g‐polyacrylamide membranes were prepared by graft polymerization of acrylamide into polyethylene films using a preirradiation technique. The membranes showed good swelling in water and a maximum of 232% swelling was achieved for a graft level of 590%. The electrical resistance of the membranes decreased with increase in the degree of grafting to 200% and then stabilized with a further increase in grafting to 590%. The membranes had an excellent binding capacity for mercury ions. Almost 99% mercury separation was achieved from a metal solution of 200 ppm. The metal binding capacity increased with increase in the degree of grafting in the membranes. A binding capacity as high as 6.2 mmol/g in a membrane with 590% grafting was achieved. The pH of the metal solution did not have any significant influence on the binding ability of the membranes. The mercury‐loaded membranes showed better thermal stability as compared to those without metal binding. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 282–291, 2002
Analysis of polymeric composite interphase regions with thermal atomic force microscopy
Authors: Tillman Matthew S. , Hayes Brian S. , Seferis James C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious work on the characterization of interphase regions in thermosetting composite systems has focused on the inference of an interphase layer from effects noticed through macroscale mechanical and thermal testing. With the development of atomic force microscopy and active thermal probes for this technique, it is now possible to examine material thermal properties on a much smaller scale. Variations in microscale thermal properties of an aerospace‐grade thermosetting resin system were evaluated for carbon and glass fiber reinforcement, using the modulated local thermal analysis mode of a TA Instruments 2990 μTA. The variations observed clearly demonstrate the presence of a soft interphase layer in the glass material and underline the importance of fiber–matrix interactions during the formation of the interphase. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1643–1649, 2001
Pulsed plasma deposition from 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethane by electron cyclotron resonance and conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Labelle Catherine B. , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPulsed electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas from 1,1,2,2‐C2H2F4 are used to deposit fluorocarbon films. The deposited films have a F : C ratio of 1, with only slight variations in % CFx as the deposition pressure is decreased. The optical emission (OES) spectra of the pulsed C2H2F4 plasmas show high intensity peaks for H, C2, and C3, with lower intensity CF2 and F peaks. The dominant OES peak shifts from Hα to C2 when the pressure is reduced, most likely a result of the increased electron temperature at the lower pressure. Gas‐phase recombination reactions may be occurring between the OES sampling region and the deposition substrate (∼ 8‐in. distance), producing fluorocarbon molecular deposition species, thus accounting for the high degree of fluorination in the deposited films. Parallel plate plasma deposited films from C2H2F4 show less fluorination than their ECR counterparts, as well as vastly different OES spectra, with CF2 peaks dominating the spectra versus H and C2. The presence of ion bombardment in the parallel plate system tends to defluorinate the depositing films, and thus can account for the less fluorinated films deposited in the parallel plate versus ECR systems. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2084–2092, 2001
Novel optically active poly(amide‐imide)s with tetrahydropyrimidinone and tetrahydro‐2‐thioxopyrimidine moieties by microwave‐assisted polycondensation
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour E. , Hajipour Abdol‐Reza , Faghihi Khalil , Foroughifar Naser , Bagheri Javad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRapid and highly efficient synthesis of novel poly(amide‐imide)s (PAIs) were achieved under microwave irradiation by using a domestic microwave oven from the polycondensation reactions of 4,4′‐carbonyl‐bis(phthaloyl‐L‐alanine) diacid chloride [N,N′‐(4,4′‐carbonyldiphthaloyl)] bisalanine diacid chloride (1) with six different derivatives of tetrahydropyrimidinone and tetrahydro‐2‐thioxopyrimidine compounds (2a–2f) in the presence of a small amount of a nonpolar organic medium that acts as a primary microwave absorber. Suitable organic media was o‐cresol. The polycondensation proceeded rapidly and was almost completed within 10 min, giving a series of PAIs with inherent viscosities of about 0.25–0.45 dL/g. The resulting PAIs were obtained in high yield and are optically active and thermally stable. All of the above compounds were fully characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses, inherent viscosity (ηinh), solubility test, and specific rotation. Thermal properties of the PAIs were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2416–2421, 2001
Thermal and mechanical properties and water absorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐modified soy protein (11S)
Authors: Zhong Z. K. , Sun X. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe thermal and mechanical properties and water absorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐modified 11S soy protein and molded plastics made from it were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), mechanical tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DSC results showed that both the temperature and enthalpy of thermal denaturation of modified 11S solutions decreased as the SDS concentration increased. Nonfreezing water of the modified 11S solution had a minimum value at 1.0% SDS. The ordered structure of SDS‐modified 11S protein was recovered and/or newly formed during the freeze‐drying process. Both DSC and DMA results showed that SDS was a plasticizer of 11S, and the glass transition temperature of modified 11S plastics decreased with increasing SDS concentration. Both the tensile strength and elongation of modified 11S plastics first decreased and then increased as the SDS concentration increased, and 5.0% SDS‐modified 11S plastic had the highest tensile strength and elongation. The SEM observations supported these results. A water‐absorption test showed a reduction in the water resistance of 11S plastics after SDS modification. The rate of water absorption increased with increasing SDS concentration. The hydrophobic interaction between SDS molecules and 11S protein was found to have important effects on the thermal and mechanical properties and the water absorption of 11S plastics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 166–175, 2001
Characterization of photo‐ and thermoresponsible amphiphilic copolymers having azobenzene moieties as side groups
Authors: Sugiyama Kazuo , Sono Kazuro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo series of amphiphilic copolymers, poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP) I–V with n = 0.05–0.29 of the molar ratio of MPAP and poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAH)‐I–V with n = 0.05–0.23 of the molar ratio of MPAH, were prepared by radical copolymerization of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) with azo‐monomers such as 4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo) phenyl methacrylate (MPAP) and 6‐[4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo) phenoxy] hexyl methacrylate (MPAH) using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. Self‐organization of these copolymers in water was confirmed by disappearance of the proton signal of the methoxyazobenzene in 1H‐NMR spectra measured in the solvent system of D2O and CD3OD. It was also found from the λmax, located near 344 nm, that azobenzene groups self‐organized to form the dimeric chromophore type of aggregate. The aqueous solutions of poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP) and poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAH) exhibited the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) from at 68 to 40°C and from at 70 to 52°C in the dark state, respectively, with increasing the molar ratios of azo‐monomers. On the other hand, the LCST measured in the photostationary state showed the higher temperature by 2–4°C compared with that in the dark state. It was found that the adsorption of poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP)‐V (n = 0.29) on polystyrene microspheres was photoregulated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3056–3063, 2001
Characterization of polyacrylamide‐grafted sodium alginate: A novel polymeric flocculant
Authors: Tripathy Tridib , Singh R. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of sodium alginate‐g‐polyacrylamide was carried out by a ceric‐ion‐induced solution polymerization technique. Six grades of graft copolymers were synthesized by the variation of catalyst and monomer concentrations. These graft copolymers were characterized by intrinsic viscosity measurements, 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. From the characterizations, it could be concluded that there was a substantial amount of grafting with a minimum formation of homopolymer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3296–3308, 2001