bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant footprint decreases the functional diversity of molecules in topsoil organic matter after millions of years of ecosystem development
Authors: Sáez‐Sandino Tadeo , Gallardo Antonio , Eldridge David J. , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Doetterl Sebastian , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTheory suggests that the diversity of molecules in soil organic matter (SOM functional diversity) provides key insights on multiple ecosystem services. We aimed to investigate how and why SOM functional diversity and composition change as topsoils develop, and its implications for key soil functions (e.g., from nutrient pool to water regulation).LocationWe reported data on 16 soil chronosequences globally distributed in nine countries from six continents.Time Period2016–2017.Major Taxa StudiedSoil microbes (bacteria and fungi) and vascular plants.MethodsSOM functional diversity and composition without mineral interference were measured using diffuse reflectance mid‐infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). We aimed to characterize the main environmental factors related to SOM functional diversity and composition. Also, we calculated the links among SOM functional diversity and key soil functions.ResultsWe found that SOM functional diversity declines after millions of years of soil formation (pedogenesis). We further showed that increases in plant cover and productivity led to a higher ratio of reduced (e.g., alkanes) over oxidized carbon forms (i.e., C: O‐functional groups ratio), which was positively correlated to SOM functional diversity as soils age. Our findings indicated that the plant footprint (i.e., the accumulation of plant‐derived material promoting the C: O‐functional group ratio) would explain the reduction of SOM functional diversity as ecosystems develop. Moreover, the dissimilarity in SOM composition consistently increased with soil age, with the soil development stage emerging as the main predictor of SOM dissimilarity across contrasting biomes.Main ConclusionsOur global survey contextualized the natural history of SOM functional diversity and composition during long‐term soil development. Together, we showed how plant footprint drives the losses of SOM functional diversity with increasing age, which might provide a novel mechanism to explain typically reported losses in ecosystem functions during ecosystem retrogression.
Outreach dental care programme for older adults using long‐term care services in Hong Kong: A qualitative study
Authors: Yang Stella X. , Lo Edward C. M. , Leung Katherine C. M. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the effects and improvement needs of an outreach dental care programme (ODCP) for older adults using residential care or daycare services from the perspectives of the caregivers, the dentists and administrative staff involved in the implementation of the ODCP.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted through semi‐structured interviews with three stakeholders, long‐term care (LTC) facility caregivers, administrative staff and dentists working for the ODCP. Combined maximum variation and snowball sampling strategies were adopted, and 22, 9 and 7 participants were interviewed from each stakeholder, respectively. The interviews were conducted via telephone, which were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. NVivo software was used for storing and analysing the data. Data analysis was conducted continuously during the study.ResultsMost participants opined that the ODCP benefited older adults by raising their oral health conditions and awareness. However, they complained of the complicated administrative procedures, unmet dental treatment needs, inefficient coordination, unclear work guidelines and shortage of dental manpower. More advanced dental treatment options, better coordination among different parties, simpler administrative processes and better incentives for dentists were proposed to further improve the programme.ConclusionsAccording to the stakeholders, ODCP seems beneficial to older adults using LTC services. Further improvements in the scope of dental treatments, cooperation between the outreach dental teams and caregivers, and streamlining of the administrative process are needed for the provision of effective outreach dental care to satisfy the unmet treatment needs of older adults who use LTC services. Better incentives are needed to attract and retain dentists.
Chewing difficulty and frailty trajectories in Chinese nursing home residents: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Shan , Wang Kefang , Luo Lingping , Wu Chen , Zhao Meng , Li Ming 
Published: October 2023

AimTo investigate frailty trajectories in nursing home residents, and to test whether chewing difficulty was a significant factor associated with frailty trajectories.MethodsThis is a 1‐year prospective cohort study. Data were collected from 27 nursing home residents in China at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Latent class growth modeling was used to identify frailty trajectories. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to test the relative risk ratios (RRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the chewing difficulty assessed at baseline on frailty trajectories.ResultsIn total, 269 nursing home residents were included in the analysis. Three frailty trajectories identified were non‐frailty trajectory (n = 181, 67.3%), stable frailty trajectory (n = 52, 19.3%), and progressive frailty trajectory (n = 36, 13.4%). Chewing difficulty was found among 138 (51.3%) nursing home residents. With the non‐frailty trajectory group as the reference, residents with chewing difficulty were more likely to demonstrate stable frailty trajectory (RRR = 2.55, 95% CI [1.28–5.11]) or progressive frailty trajectory (RRR = 3.46, 95% CI [1.47–8.15]).ConclusionsChanges in the frailty of nursing home residents are heterogeneous and chewing difficulty should be assessed and addressed on a routine basis in nursing homes to prevent the deterioration of frailty or reverse it. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 803–808.
1989: THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF REVOLUTION
Authors: COLLA MARCUS , GJURIČOVÁ ADÉLA 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTA failed effort at “reform from above” or a dramatic reassertion of “people power”? Almost thirty‐five years on, studies of the Revolutions of 1989 continue to be framed by these two polarities. However, this historiographical focus has meant that scholars have often overlooked the actual content and character of protest itself. This article argues that one way of reinjecting agency and ideas back into our historical understanding of 1989 is through examining the chronopolitics of revolution: that is to say, by addressing how the control and interpretation of time became a political battlefield, a site of contention and negotiation, between Communist regimes, on the one hand, and political activists and society, on the other. Investigating events in the German Democratic Republic and Czechoslovakia, the article contains two central claims: first, that an interrogation of the concept of “chronopolitics” can provide a new angle by which to grasp the revolutionary character of “1989” and the democratic transformations that resulted and, second, by way of inversion, that a study of the temporal experiences across 1989 and the early 1990s can in turn shed light on the analytical value of “chronopolitics” more generally.
Distinct roles of the Hox genes Ultrabithorax and abdominal‐A in scorpionfly embryonic proleg development
Authors: Liu Bing‐Peng , Hua Bao‐Zhen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe abdominal appendages of larval insects have a complex evolutionary history of gain and loss, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying the abdominal appendage development remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated the embryogenesis of abdominal prolegs in the scorpionfly Panorpa liui Hua (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) using in situ hybridization and parental RNA interference. The results show that RNAi‐mediated knockdown of Ultrabithorax (Ubx) led to a homeotic transformation of the first abdominal segment (A1) into the third thoracic segment (T3) and changed the distributions of the downstream target Distal‐less (Dll) expression but did not affect the expression levels of Dll. Knockdown of abdominal‐A (abd‐A) resulted in malformed segments, abnormal prolegs and disrupted Dll expression. The results demonstrate that the gene Ubx maintains an ancestral role of modulating A1 appendage fate without preventing Dll initiation, and a secondary adaptation of abd‐A evolves the ability to specify abdominal segments and proleg identity. We conclude that changes in abdominal Hox gene expression and their target genes regulate abdominal appendage morphology during the evolutionary course of holometabolous larvae.
Double it up: Vocabulary size comparisons between UK bilingual and monolingual toddlers
Authors: Siow Serene , Gillen Nicola A. , Lepădatu Irina , Plunkett Kim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe compared vocabulary sizes in comprehension and production between bilingual toddlers growing up in the United Kingdom (UK) and age‐matched UK English monolinguals (12–36 months old) using parent‐report vocabulary questionnaires. We found that bilingual toddlers' vocabulary sizes in English were smaller than the vocabulary sizes of their monolingual peers. Notably, this vocabulary gap was not found when groups were compared on conceptual vocabulary in comprehension. Conceptual scoring also reduced the vocabulary gap in production but group differences were still significant. Bilingual toddlers knew more words than monolinguals when words across their two languages were added together, for both comprehension and production. This large total vocabulary size could be attributed to a high proportion of doublets (cross‐linguistic word pairs with the same meaning) in bilinguals' vocabularies. These findings are discussed in relation to language exposure, facilitation from cross‐linguistic overlap and maturation constraints on vocabulary size.
The effectiveness of primary series CoronaVac vaccine in preventing COVID‐19 illness: A prospective cohort study among healthcare workers in Azerbaijan, May–November 2021
Authors: Katz Mark A. , Rojas Castro Madelyn Yiseth , Seyidov Nabil , Herdman M. Trent , Mehdiyev Samir , McKnight C. Jason , Guseinova Alina , Cojocaru Radu , Doran Jason , Mühlemann Barbara , Drosten Christian , Suleymanova Javahir , Pebody Richard , Kissling Esther , Hagverdiyev Gahraman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) have suffered considerable morbidity and mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Few studies have evaluated the CoronaVac vaccine effectiveness (VE), particularly in Eastern Europe, where the vaccine has been widely used.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study among HCWs in seven hospitals in Baku, Azerbaijan between May 17 and November 30, 2021, to evaluate primary series (two‐dose) CoronaVac VE against symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Participants completed weekly symptom questionnaires, provided nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR testing when symptomatic, and provided serology samples at enrollment that were tested for anti‐spike and anti‐nucleocapsid antibodies. We estimated VE as (1 – hazard ratio)*100 using a Cox proportional hazards model with vaccination status as a time‐varying exposure, adjusting for hospital and previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection status.ResultsWe enrolled 1582 HCWs. At enrollment, 1040 (66%) had received two doses of CoronaVac; 421 (27%) were unvaccinated. During the study period, 72 PCR‐positive SARS‐CoV‐2 infections occurred; 36/39 (92%) sequenced samples were classified as Delta variants. Primary series VE against COVID‐19 illness was 29% (95% CI: −51%; 67%) for the entire analysis period. For the Delta‐only period (July 1–November 30, 2021), primary series VE was 19% (95% CI: −81%; 64%). For the entire analysis period, primary series VE was 39% (95% CI: −40%; 73%) for HCWs vaccinated within 14–149 days and 19% (95% CI: −81%; 63%) for those vaccinated ≥150 days.ConclusionsDuring a period in Azerbaijan characterized by mostly Delta circulation, VE point estimates suggested that primary series CoronaVac protected nearly 1 in 3 HCWs against COVID‐19, but 95% confidence intervals were wide, with lower bounds that crossed zero, reflecting the limited precision of our VE estimates. Our findings underscore the need to consider booster doses for individuals who have received the primary series of CoronaVac.
Information sharing and production mode selection with price and quality competition
Authors: Lin Qiang , Li Wenzhuo , Lin Xiaogang , Fu Wenhui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, retailers can obtain consumers' demand information from rich market data, such as their browsing history and sales data. This gives retailers access to more demand information about consumers than manufacturers. Furthermore, many retailers have begun to share demand information with their upstream manufacturers who provide goods of a certain quality. Because an increasing number of consumers are concerned about product prices and product quality levels and are even willing to pay a higher price for high‐quality products, manufacturers consider two production modes to adapt to the market: the Q‐before‐IS mode or the Q‐after‐IS mode. To capture substantial consumer markets, retailers have also begun to provide their goods to compete with the manufacturers. Motivated by these practices, this study analyzes the retailer's information‐sharing strategy and the manufacturer's production mode selection under price and quality competition. We find that under the Q‐before‐IS mode, the retailer has no incentive to voluntarily share information with the manufacturer. However, under the Q‐after‐IS mode, the retailer would share two products' information with the manufacturer when the quality investment cost factor is relatively low. Our findings confirm that the retailer is induced to share information because the retailer and manufacturer participate in the quality and price competition after observing the demand. Moreover, the manufacturer prefers the Q‐after‐IS (Q‐before‐IS) mode under the equilibrium information‐sharing strategy when the demand fluctuation is large (otherwise). This indicates that the retailer's information‐sharing strategy plays a key role in the manufacturer's preferred production mode.
Hospital‐acquired pressure injury prevention in people with a BMI of 30.0 or higher: A scoping review
Authors: Marshall Victoria , Qiu Yunjing , Jones Angela , Weller Carolina D. , Team Victoria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAim(s)To: (1) explore current best practices for hospital‐acquired pressure injury prevention in high BMI patients; (2) summarize nurses' experiences in preventing and managing them; (3) explore the association between a high BMI and occurrence and severity of pressure injury.DesignExploratory.MethodsScoping review.Data SourcesOvid MEDLINE, EBSCO CINAHL Plus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Scopus, Embase, clinical registries and grey literature (search dates: January 2009 to May 2021).ResultsOverall, 1479 studies were screened. The included studies were published between 2010 and 2022. Five interventional studies and 32 best practice recommendations (Objective 1) reported low‐quality evidence. Findings of thematic analysis reported in nine studies (Objective 2) identified nurses' issues as insufficient bariatric equipment, inadequate staffing, weight bias, fatigue, obese‐related terminology issues, ethical dilemmas and insufficient staff education in high BMI patients' pressure injury prevention. No association between hospital‐acquired pressure injury occurrence and high BMI were reported by 18 out of 28 included studies (Objective 3).ConclusionQuality of evidence was low for the interventional studies and best practice recommendations.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareCurrent (2019) International Pressure Injury Guideline to be used despite the low quality of evidence of most best practice recommendations.Impact StatementThis study addressed hospital‐acquired pressure injury prevention in high BMI patients. Greater proportion of studies in this review found no association between high BMI and occurrence of hospital‐acquired pressure injury. Nurses need educational interventions on pressure injury prevention in high body mass index people, sufficient staffing for repositioning and improved availability of bariatric equipment.Reporting MethodWe adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines, PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.What Does this Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?Larger clinical trials are needed on repositioning frequency, support surfaces, prophylactic dressings and risk assessment tools to inform clinical practice guidelines on pressure injury prevention in high BMI people.Protocol RegistrationWound Practice and Research (https://doi.org/10.33235/wpr.29.3.133‐139).
Climate biogeography of Arabidopsis thaliana: Linking distribution models and individual variation
Authors: Yim Christina , Bellis Emily S. , DeLeo Victoria L. , Gamba Diana , Muscarella Robert , Lasky Jesse R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimPatterns of individual variation are key to testing hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying biogeographic patterns. If species distributions are determined by environmental constraints, then populations near range margins may have reduced performance and be adapted to harsher environments. Model organisms are potentially important systems for biogeographical studies, given the available range‐wide natural history collections, and the importance of providing biogeographical context to their genetic and phenotypic diversity.LocationGlobal.TaxonArabidopsis thaliana (‘Arabidopsis’).MethodsWe fit occurrence records to climate data, and then projected the distribution of Arabidopsis under last glacial maximum, current and future climates. We confronted model predictions with individual performance measured on 2194 herbarium specimens, and we asked whether predicted suitability was associated with life history and genomic variation measured on ~900 natural accessions.ResultsThe most important climate variables constraining the Arabidopsis distribution were winter cold in northern and high elevation regions and summer heat in southern regions. Herbarium specimens from regions with lower habitat suitability in both northern and southern regions were smaller, supporting the hypothesis that the distribution of Arabidopsis is constrained by climate‐associated factors. Climate anomalies partly explained interannual variation in herbarium specimen size, but these did not closely correspond to local limiting factors identified in the distribution model. Late‐flowering genotypes were absent from the lowest suitability regions, suggesting slower life histories are only viable closer to the centre of the realized niche. We identified glacial refugia farther north than previously recognized, as well as refugia concordant with previous population genetic findings. Lower latitude populations, known to be genetically distinct, are most threatened by future climate change. The recently colonized range of Arabidopsis was well‐predicted by our native‐range model applied to certain regions but not others, suggesting it has colonized novel climates.Main ConclusionsIntegration of distribution models with performance data from vast natural history collections is a route forward for testing biogeographical hypotheses about species distributions and their relationship with evolutionary fitness across large scales.
Inherent and adaptive resilience of logistics operations in food supply chains
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Wilson Mark M. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the sources of resilience for logistics operations as it relates to food supply chains and their responses during natural disasters and other disruptions. The literature tends to treat inherent and adaptive resilience as somewhat separate constructs. Thus, this study also aims to provide some insights into the relatively underexamined area of how inherent resilience synergistically works with adaptive resilience to maintain flows for food supply chains in a developing economy context. To address the research aim, two supply chain wide case studies were used to investigate the contribution of logistic activities toward the resilience of foods supply chains in two different South Asian regions. This context was selected as these regions are prone to frequent natural disruptions and other disruptions, and these food supply chains also play a crucial role in economy and providing relief supplies to their communities. Logistics operations play a key role in achieving overall supply chain resilience. The sources of inherent resilience are the network structure, buffer capacity, and strong social connections among the actors. Adaptive resilience is derived from transportation flows, storage, information sharing, and demand management processes. Surprisingly, resilience in this context is achieved despite the relatively low level of integration, an unsophisticated technological landscape and compromised logistics infrastructure. Still, resilience can be enhanced further. This study contributes to the sparse literature that examines logistics activities that influence the resilience of food supply chains in the context of natural disasters and other disruptions. Furthermore, uncovering the substructure of logistics resilience activities, and surprisingly, the synergies between inherent and adaptive resilience, adds to the emerging body of literature.