bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of the leaf-eating beetle, Galerucella calmariensis, a biological control agent for purple loosestrife (Lythrum salcaria), to three mosquito control larvicides
Authors: Lowe T. Peter , Hershberger Troy D. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
We evaluated the susceptibility of Galerucella calmariensis, a species used to control purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), to three mosquito control larvicides. Larvae and adults were fed loosestrife cuttings dipped in Abate® (≤375 g · L−1), Altosid® (≤250 g · L−1), and Bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis (Bti) (&lt;110 g · L−1). Eggs on cuttings were dipped in the same concentrations. Pupae were immersed in Abate and Altosid solutions (≤474.4 μg · L−1 and ≤1,169.2 μg · L−1, respectively). Hatching success of eggs dipped in Abate (≤3.75 g · L−1) was reduced significantly and survival was significantly lower among larvae and adults eating cuttings dipped in Abate (≤0.17 g · L−1 and ≥2.27 g · L−1, respectively). Hatching success of eggs dipped in Altosid (≥2.52 g · L−1) was reduced significantly. With exposure to Altosid, larval survival to pupation and adult emergence was reduced significantly at concentrations of ≥2.92 g · L−1 and ≥0.63 g · L−1, respectively. Altosid (≥0.23 g · L−1) also delayed the onset of pupation and adult emergence among larvae that survived to pupate. Larvae that survived with exposure to Altosid (≥1.72 g · L−1) grew to 70% larger than those exposed to lower concentrations. Pupal survival was unaffected with exposure to Abate and Altosid and adult survival was unaffected with exposure to Altosid. Bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis did not adversely affect any life stage of G. calmariensis. The mean Abate concentration on cuttings exposed to operational spraying was in the range that reduced egg hatchability and adult survival but was higher than concentrations that caused complete mortality of larvae. The mean Altosid concentration on cuttings exposed to operational spraying was in the range that reduced hatching success in eggs and delayed pupation and adult emergence of larvae.
In situ water and sediment toxicity in an agricultural watershed
Authors: Phillips Bryn M. , Anderson Brian S. , Hunt John W. , Nicely Patricia A. , Kosaka Rosemary A. , Tjeerdema Ron S. , de Vlaming Victor , Richard Nancy 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The Salinas River receives inputs from extensive farmlands before flowing into the Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (CA, USA). Previous monitoring using laboratory toxicity tests and chemical analyses identified toxic agricultural drain-water inputs in this system. Using caged daphnids (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and amphipods (Hyalella azteca), we investigated in situ toxicity at stations downstream from an agricultural drain relative to a reference station. A flow sensor indicated highly variable inputs from irrigation, and daily synoptic chemical analyses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques demonstrated fluctuating concentrations of organophosphate pesticides. Test organism mortality in the field coincided with contaminant concentrations that exceeded chemical effect thresholds for the test species. Laboratory toxicity tests using C. dubia were comparable to results from field exposures, but tests with H. azteca were not. Laboratory exposures can be reasonable surrogates for field evaluations in this system, but they were less effective for assessing short-term temporal variability. Results from the field toxicity studies corroborated results of bioassessment surveys conducted as part of a concurrent study. Toxicity identification evaluations indicated that organophosphate pesticides caused toxicity to daphnids and that effects of suspended solids were negligible.
Cytokine profile of sickle cell disease in Oman
Authors: Pathare Anil , Al Kindi Salam , Alnaqdy Adel Alwan , Daar Shahina , Knox‐Macaulay Huxley , Dennison David 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe aim of our study was to assess the cytokine profile of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in steady state and in vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC). VOC has a complex nature, involving interactions between sickle red blood cells (RBC), the endothelium, and leucocytes. Endothelial damage due to recurrent adhesion of sickle RBCs may disrupt endothelial function, leading to altered cytokine release. It is therefore pertinent to study the cytokine profile of SCD patients in steady state and in crisis prior to exploring its contribution to vaso‐occlusive manifestations, since it is believed that an altered balance of proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in painful crisis. Cytokines including IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ were measured by commercially available ELISA kits in SCD patients (n = 60); in steady state (n = 26) and in painful crisis (n = 34) and compared with nonanemic age‐ and sex‐matched normal Omani controls (n = 20). SCD patients in crisis showed elevated levels of TNF‐α (P < 0.092) and IL‐6 (P < 0.024) when compared with steady state. It was also observed that SCD patients in steady state showed a significant elevation in IL‐1β (P < 0.04), IL‐6 (P < 0.0001), and IFN‐γ (P < 0.02) as compared to normal subjects. It is thus evident that both type I and type II cytokines are significantly altered in SCD patients. In steady state, type II proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, whereas in crisis, an additional augmentation of type I cytokines occurs, with persistent elevation of type II cytokines, emphasizing the role of perturbed endothelium and activated monocytes in the pathophysiology of vaso‐occlusion in sickle cell crisis. Am. J. Hematol. 77:323–328, 2004 © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) polymorphisms and reduced risk of malignant lymphoma
Authors: Matsuo Keitaro , Hamajima Nobuyuki , Suzuki Ritsuro , Ogura Michinori , Kagami Yoshitoyo , Taji Hirofumi , Yasue Tetsuo , Mueller Nancy E. , Nakamura Shigeo , Seto Masao , Morishima Yasuo , Tajima Kazuo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFolate and methionine are important nutrients in the “one‐carbon” metabolism that is closely associated with DNA synthesis and DNA methylation. Genetic variation in these pathways may change susceptibility to cancer development. We have previously reported associations between lymphoma risk and germline polymorphisms in genes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C) and methionine synthase (MTR A2756G), finding the genotype other than the MTHFR 677CC/1298AA to confer a half‐risk compared to the MTHFR 677CC/1298AA and a 3‐fold higher risk with the MTR GG genotype than the AA/AG genotypes. To confirm the association and explore the histological difference, we extended the previous case series. A case‐control study was conducted in Japan with a total of 372 lymphoma cases and 500 noncancer controls examined for genotypes. The relative risks were estimated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. In overall analyses, the age–sex adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the subjects harboring MTHFR 677T or 1298C alleles relative to 677CC/1298AA genotype was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.83, P = 0.002). The MTR GG genotype showed an OR of 1.75 (0.87–3.52, P = 0.114). These findings were validated in separate analyses of the 273 new incident cases. Subgroup analyses according to histological subtype [diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLB), follicular lymphoma (FL), low‐grade lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and others] illustrated similar associations with certain exceptions for FL and MALT. Our data showed an association between the MTHFR polymorphisms and malignant lymphoma risk for all histological subtypes, although the extent of contribution of these polymorphisms may differ somewhat with histological subtype. Lack of association with MTR polymorphism was also confirmed. Am. J. Hematol. 77:351–357, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of community health workers for promoting use of safety eyewear by Latino farm workers
Authors: Forst Linda , Lacey Steven , Chen Hua Yun , Jimenez Rocio , Bauer Susan , Skinner Sara , Alvarado Ramona , Nickels Leslie , Zanoni Joseph , Petrea Robert , Conroy Lorraine 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate The Community Health Worker “promotor de salud” (CHW) model is evaluated as a tool for reducing eye injuries in Latino farm workers.MethodsIn 2001, 786 workers on 34 farms were divided into three intervention blocks: (A) CHWs provided protective eyewear and training to farm workers; (B) CHWs provided eyewear but no training to farm workers; (C) eyewear was distributed to farm workers with no CHW present and no training.ResultsPre‐ and post‐intervention questionnaires demonstrated greater self‐reported use of eyewear in all blocks after the intervention (P < 0.0001), with Block A showing the greatest change compared to B (P < 0.0001) and C (P = 0.03); this was supported by field observations. Block A showed the greatest improvement in knowledge on questions related to training content.ConclusionCHWs were an effective tool to train farm workers in eye health and safety, improving the use of personal protective equipment and knowledge. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:607–613, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symbolic analytical solution of N‐dimensional radially symmetric polytropes
Authors: Saad A. S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, accelerated power series solutions are developed for N‐dimensional symmetric radially polytropes. The solutions are valid for any geometric and polytropic index. The implementation of Padé technique and changing of the independent variable give us identical polytrope solutions to the numerical one. Physical parameters are presented for Ndimensional radially polytropes. In case of the isothermal sphere, the density profile is accurate to 10–5 per cent whatever the value of ξ is. All the computations are performed using Mathematica software. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Analyses of Mixture Vapor Pressure Data: The Hydrogen Peroxide/Water System and Its Excess Thermodynamic Functions
Authors: Manatt Stanley L. , Manatt Margaret R. R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractReported here are some aspects of the analysis of mixture vapor pressure data using the model‐free Redlich–Kister approach that have heretofore not been recognized. These are that the pure vapor pressure of one or more components and the average temperature of the complex apparatuses used in such studies can be obtained from the mixture vapor pressures. The findings reported here raise questions regarding current and past approaches for analyses of mixture vapor pressure data. As a test case for this analysis approach the H2O2–H2O mixture vapor pressure measurements reported by Scatchard, Kavanagh, and Tickner (G. Scatchard, G. M. Kavanagh, L. B. Ticknor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 3715–3720; G. M. Kavanagh, PhD. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA), 1949) have been used; there is significant recent interest in this system. It was found that the original data is fit far better with a four‐parameter Redlich–Kister excess energy expansion with inclusion of the pure hydrogen peroxide vapor pressure and the temperature as parameters. Comparisons of the present results with the previous analyses of this suite of data exhibit significant deviations. A precedent for consideration of iteration of temperature exists from the little‐known work of Uchida, Ogawa, and Yamaguchi (S. Uchida, S. Ogawa, M. Yamaguchi, Japan Sci. Eng. Sci. 1950, 1, 41–49) who observed significant variations of temperature from place to place within a carefully insulated apparatus of the type traditionally used in mixture vapor pressure measurements. For hydrogen peroxide, new critical constants and vapor pressure–temperature equations needed in the analysis approach described above have been derived. Also temperature functions for the four Redlich–Kister parameters were derived, that allowed calculations of the excess Gibbs energy, excess entropy, and excess enthalpy whose values at various temperatures indicate the complexity of H2O2–H2O mixtures not evident in the original analyses of this suite of experimental results.
Synthesis of a New Chiral Source, (1R,2S)‐1‐Phenylphospholane‐2‐carboxylic Acid, via a Key Intermediate α‐Phenylphospholanyllithium Borane Complex: Configurational Stability and X‐ray Crystal Structure of an α‐Monophosphinoalkyllithium Borane Complex
Authors: Sun Xiang‐Min , Manabe Kei , Lam William W.‐L. , Shiraishi Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Jun , Shiro Motoo , Utsumi Hiroaki , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA synthetic route to enantiomerically pure (1R,2S)‐1‐phenylphospholane‐2‐carboxylic acid (1), which is a phosphorus analogue of proline, has been established. A key step is the deprotonation–carboxylation of the 1‐phenylphospholane borane complex 3 by using sBuLi/1,2‐dipiperidinoethane (DPE). Configurational stability of the key intermediate, the amine‐coordinated α‐phosphinoalkyllithium borane complex 4, was investigated by employing lithiodestannylation–carboxylation of both diastereomers of the 1‐phenyl‐2‐trimethylstannylphospholane borane complex 7 in the presence of several kinds of amines, and as a result, 4 was found to be configurationally labile even at −100 °C. The key intermediate, the DPE‐coordinated trans‐1‐phenyl‐2‐phospholanyllithium borane complex 9, was isolated, and the structure was identified by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. This is the first X‐ray crystal structure determined for an α‐monophosphinoalkyllithium borane complex. Remarkably, the alkyllithium complex is monomeric and tricoordinate at the lithium center with a slightly pyramidalized environment, and the existence of a LiC bond (2.170 Å) has been confirmed. Moreover, 1H–7Li HOESY and 6Li NMR analyses suggested the structure of 9 in solution as well as the existence of an equilibrium between 9, its cis isomer, and the ion pair 8 at room temperature, which was extremely biased towards 9 at −100 °C. Finally, 1 was used as a chiral ligand in a palladium‐catalyzed allylic substitution, and the desired product was obtained in high yield with good enantioselectivity.
Monomeric Metal Aqua Complexes in the Interlayer Space of Montmorillonites as Strong Lewis Acid Catalysts for Heterogeneous Carbon–Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Kawabata Tomonori , Kato Masaki , Mizugaki Tomoo , Ebitani Kohki , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMontmorillonite‐enwrapped copper and scandium catalysts (Cu2+‐ and Sc3+‐monts) were easily prepared by treating Na+‐mont with the aqueous solution of the copper nitrate and scandium triflate, respectively. The resulting Cu2+‐ and Sc3+‐monts showed outstanding catalytic activities for a variety of carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions, such as the Michael reaction, the Sakurai–Hosomi allylation, and the Diels–Alder reaction, under solvent‐free or aqueous conditions. The remarkable activity of the mont catalysts is attributable to the negatively charged silicate layers that are capable of stabilizing metal cations. Furthermore, these catalysts were reusable without any appreciable loss in activity and selectivity. The Cu2+‐mont‐catalyzed Michael reaction proceeds via a ternary complex in which both the 1,3‐dicarbonyl compound and the enone are coordinated to a Lewis acid Cu2+ center.
Bis(oxofluorenediyl)oxacyclophanes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Complexation with Paraquat in the Gas Phase
Authors: Lukyanenko Nikolay G. , Kirichenko Tatiana I. , Lyapunov Alexander Yu , Mazepa Alexander V. , Simonov Yurii A. , Fonari Marina S. , Botoshansky Mark M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe first three representatives of the new family of oxacyclophanes incorporating two 2,7‐dioxyfluorenone fragments, connected by [‐CH2CH2O‐]m spacers (m=2–4), have been synthesized. The yield of the smallest oxacyclophane (m=2) is considerably higher with respect to the larger ones (m=3 and m=4), which are formed in comparable yields. Molecular modeling and NMR spectra analysis of the model compounds suggest that an essential difference in oxacyclophanes yields is caused by formation of quasi‐cyclic intermediates, which are preorganized for macrocyclization owing to intramolecular π–π stacking interactions between the fluorenone units. The solid‐state structures of these oxacyclophanes exhibit intra‐ and intermolecular π–π stacking interactions that dictate their rectangular shape in the fluorenone backbone and crystal packing of the molecules with the parallel or T‐shape arrangement. The crystal packing in all cases is also sustained by weak CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. FAB mass spectral analysis of mixtures of the larger oxacyclophanes (m=3 and m=4) and a paraquat moiety revealed peaks corresponding to the loss of one and two PF6− counterions from the 1:1 complexes formed. However, no signals were observed for complexes of the paraquat moiety with the smaller oxacyclophane (m=2). Computer molecular modeling of complexes revealed a pseudorotaxane‐like incorporation of the paraquat unit, sandwiched within a macrocyclic cavity between the almost parallel‐aligned fluorenone rings of the larger oxacyclophanes (m=3 and m=4). In contrast to this, only external complexes of the smallest oxacyclophane (m=2) with a paraquat unit have been found in the energy window of 10 kcal mol−1.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of a One‐Dimensional Iron Arsenate, ∞1 [NH3(CH2)2NH (CH2)2NH3] [Fe2F4(HAsO4)2].
Authors: Chakrabarti Sandip , Pati Swapan K. , Green Mark A. , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclization of Dialkyl‐(4‐hydroxy‐2‐butynyl)(3‐alkenyl‐propargyl)ammonium Salts and Recyclization of the 2,2‐Dialkyl‐4‐hydroxymethylisoindolinium Salts Obtained.
Authors: Gevorkyan A. R. , Chukhadzhyan E. O. , Chukhadzhyan El. O. , Panosyan G. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines Through a Multicomponent Ugi Reaction and Their Transformation into Bicyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Banfi Luca , Basso Andrea , Guanti Giuseppe , Riva Renata 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Reactions of Axially Chiral Amides: Use of Removable ortho‐Substituents in Radical Cyclizations of o‐Iodoacrylanilides and N‐Allyl‐N‐o‐iodoacrylamides.
Authors: Petit Marc , Geib Steven J. , Curran Dennis P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two Directions of the Reaction of 4‐Bromobenzaldehyde with Substituted Acetophenones and Urea. Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Pyrimidin‐2‐one and Hexahydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐2,7‐dione.
Authors: Sedova V. F. , Shkurko O. P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium(III) Chloride Catalyzed One‐Step Synthesis of Some New Dibenzo(d,f)(1,3)dioxepines and 12H‐Dibenzo(d,g)(1,3)dioxocin Derivatives.
Authors: Tocco Graziella , Begala Michela , Delogu Giovanna , Picciau Carmen , Podda Gianni 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iridoid Galactosides and a Benzofuran‐Type Sesquiterpene from Buddleja crispa
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Afza Nighat , Anis Itrat , Malik Abdul , Fatima Itrat , Azhar‐ul‐Haq Azhar‐ul‐Haq , Tareen Rasool Bakhsh 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of Inhibitors of Human Adipocyte Fatty Acid‐Binding Protein, a Potential Type 2 Diabetes Target.
Authors: Lehmann Fredik , Haile Saba , Axen Eva , Medina Carmen , Uppenberg Jonas , Svensson Stefan , Lundbaeck Thomas , Rondahl Lena , Barf Tjeerd 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ion‐Exchange Reaction of Cs+ Selective Layered γ‐Titanium and γ‐Zirconium Phosphates.
Authors: Suzuki Noriko , Igarashi Megumi , Suzuki Hiromi , Itoh Mami , Komatsu Yu , Kanzaki Yasushi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on Solid 1,2‐Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride Salt
Authors: Amado Ana M. , Otero Juan Carlos , Marques M. Paula M. , Batista de Carvalho Luís A. E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA structural study of [H3N(CH2)2NH3)]2+⋅2Cl−, the smallest element of the homologous series of the α,ω‐diamine dihydrochlorides, was carried out by means of Raman and FTIR spectroscopy coupled to ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations. As a primary concern, an adequate molecular model for the representation of these solid amine salts was chosen. Thus, several models, varying in the number and position of the counterions as well as in the number of diamine units, were considered. It was found that the best molecular system (i.e., that yielding the best compromise between accuracy and computational requirements) consists of one ethylenediamine cation surrounded by six chloride ions in an arrangement based on the crystal structure reported in the literature for [H3N(CH2)2NH3)]2+⋅2Cl−. This conclusion will hopefully allow for a better understanding of the conformational preferences, in the solid state, of these biologically relevant linear polyamines.
Auditory–visual speech integration by prelinguistic infants: Perception of an emergent consonant in the McGurk effect
Authors: Burnham Denis , Dodd Barbara 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe McGurk effect, in which auditory [ba] dubbed onto [ga] lip movements is perceived as “da” or “tha,” was employed in a real‐time task to investigate auditory–visual speech perception in prelingual infants. Experiments 1A and 1B established the validity of real‐time dubbing for producing the effect. In Experiment 2, 4½‐month‐olds were tested in a habituation‐test paradigm, in which an auditory–visual stimulus was presented contingent upon visual fixation of a live face. The experimental group was habituated to a McGurk stimulus (auditory [ba] visual [ga]), and the control group to matching auditory–visual [ba]. Each group was then presented with three auditory‐only test trials, [ba], [da], and [δa] (as in then). Visual‐fixation durations in test trials showed that the experimental group treated the emergent percept in the McGurk effect, [da] or [δa], as familiar (even though they had not heard these sounds previously) and [ba] as novel. For control group infants [da] and [δa] were no more familiar than [ba]. These results are consistent with infants' perception of the McGurk effect, and support the conclusion that prelinguistic infants integrate auditory and visual speech information. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 45: 204–220, 2004.
Is the integration of heard and seen speech mandatory for infants?
Authors: Desjardins Renée N. , Werker Janet F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor adults and children, speech perception can be significantly influenced by watching a speaker's mouth movements. While recent reports suggest that infants may be able to integrate heard and seen speech, the current research demonstrates that integration is neither as strong or consistent in infants as it is in adults. Three habituation experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, female (but not male) infants showed evidence of an adult pattern of integration following habituation with an audiovisual /bi/ and testing with audio /bi/‐visual /vi/ (perceived as /vi/ by adults). The interpretation of integration was supported, but only in part, by Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, infants were habituated to a mismatched audio /bi/–visual /vi/ combination and tested on concordant /bi/–/bi/ versus /vi/–/vi/ displays. Here, only male infants showed evidence of integration. These results suggest that an initial mechanism supports integration, but that integration is not mandatory for young infants. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 45: 187–203, 2004.