bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal network path optimization based on a two‐stage algorithm in the perspective of sustainable transport development
Authors: Qiao Cong , Niu Ke , Ma Weina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe environmental issues brought on by carbon emissions from transport have risen to prominence in recent years. More and more academics are using the multi‐objective path optimization method to solve the multimodal optimization problem from the standpoint of sustainable development in order to address the environmental issues brought on by the transport process. The research proposes a two‐stage method to handle multi‐objective optimization convergence and simplify multimodal transport path optimization. In the first stage, a fuzzy C clustering model is established, and based on the clustering results, the multimodal transport network nodes are identified. In the second stage, a multimodal transport multi‐objective path optimization model is established, and the optimal path is solved using a genetic algorithm. The research method was applied in the Bohai Rim region. Results indicated that the fuzzy C‐clustering method and the genetic method were able to select the optimal node city, thus solving the actual site selection problem of multimodal transportation networks. Using the FCM model, the 86 city nodes were categorized into four types, leading to the establishment of the most proficient multimodal transportation network in the Bohai Rim region. Using a genetic algorithm for optimization, a stable state is reached after 25 iterations. In the validation experiment on path optimization, the cost was reduced by 47.12% compared to the minimum single objective time, and transportation carbon emissions saw a reduction of 28.23%. Similarly, compared to the lowest target for transportation carbon emissions, the cost was reduced by 39.48% and the time was reduced by 38.12%. Compared to the lowest target for transportation carbon emissions, the time was reduced by 32.02% and the carbon emissions were reduced by 19.23%. Notably, the transportation multi‐objective path optimization model showed significant improvement compared to the single‐target model. The research method has been proven to be superior, and can offer the most optimal transportation route guidance for participants in multimodal transportation. Furthermore, it can effectively tackle the issue of node selection convergence and multi‐objective optimization, while also serving as a valuable source of data to support the theoretical advancement of multimodal transportation network path optimization.
Liquid Metal‐Based Biosensors: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Jamalzadegan Sina , Kim Sooyoung , Mohammad Noor , Koduri Harshita , Hetzler Zach , Lee Giwon , Dickey Michael D. , Wei Qingshan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiosensors are analytical tools for monitoring various parameters related to living organisms, such as humans and plants. Liquid metals (LMs) have emerged as a promising new material for biosensing applications in recent years. LMs have attractive physical and chemical properties such as deformability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, low volatility, and low viscosity. LM‐based biosensors represent a new strategy in biosensing particularly for wearable and real‐time sensing. While early demonstrations of LM biosensors focus on monitoring physical parameters such as strain, motion, and temperature, recent examples show LM can be an excellent sensing material for biochemical and biomolecular detection as well. In this review, the recent progress of LM‐based biosensors for personalized healthcare and disease monitoring via both physical and biochemical signaling is survey. It is started with a brief introduction of the fundamentals of biosensors and LMs, followed by a discussion of different mechanisms by which LM can transduce biological or physiological signals. Next, it is reviewed example LM‐based biosensors that have been used in real biological systems, ranging from real‐time on‐skin physiological monitoring to target‐specific biochemical detection. Finally, the challenges and future directions of LM‐integrated biosensor platforms is discussed.
Slippery Core‐Sheath Hydrogel Optical Fiber Built by Catalytically Triggered Interface Radical Polymerization
Authors: Zhu Bin , Liu Desheng , Wu Jiayu , Meng Caiye , Yang Xingxing , Wang Yixian , Jia Xin , Jiang Pan , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogel‐based optical waveguides have attracted extensive attention in optogenetics, implantable photomedicine, and biosensors due to their excellent biocompatibility and tissue‐like modulus in compared with traditional SiO2‐based rigid optical fibers. However, the existing ion‐induced supramolecular assembly of alginate‐based hydrogel optical fibers commonly lack of long‐term stability due to poor mechanical property accompanied with swollen. In this paper, a novel catalytic surface polymerization method is developed based on a redox reaction mechanism to in situ grow robust and slippery cladding layer on a core poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel fiber by using the alternative H‐bonding poly(N ‐acryloyl glycinamide) (PNAGA) hydrogels. The resultant hydrogel optical fiber with core‐cladding heterogeneous structure can achieve the desirable total reflection condition, leading to good light transmission and low light loss. The PNAGA cladding with robust H‐bonding network endows the hydrogel optical fiber with high stability and outstanding lubrication in humid environment. More importantly, the hydrogel optical fiber possesses good tissue‐like mechanical performance together with excellent biocompatibility, which shows the great advantages for biomedical applications in compared with traditional glass optical fibers. This work will broaden implantable hydrogel optical fibers in material design and structure processibility, promoting the use of hydrogel‐based optical fibers in various applications.
Reversible Elastomer–Fluid Transitions for Metamorphosic Robots
Authors: Yang Yang , Yuan Sishen , Ren Hongliang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEndowing robots with reversible phase transition ability, especially between elastomer and fluid states, can significantly broaden their functionality and applicability. Limited attempts have been made to realize the reversible elastomer–fluid transition. Existing phase transition materials in robotics have over‐hard (≈4 GPa) or over‐soft (≈4 kPa) stiffness in the solid states, which should be further investigated to perform more compliant motions. To address these challenges, a reversible elastomer–fluid transition mechanism enabled by magnetically induced hot melt materials (MIMMs) is presented. The transition principle is explained and material characterizations are conducted. MIMMs‐based metamorphosic robots endow self‐metamorphosing abilities, such as self‐healing, spatial reshaping, self‐division/assembly, and additive manufacturability. When interacting with external environments, MIMMs‐based robots can perform further multifunctional abilities, such as collaborations for structure repairs, swimming by symbiosis with external objects, flowing through a narrow terrain by transiting to fluid, and working with elastomeric structures for stiffness‐variable fluid soft actuators. The proposed elastomer–fluid transitions open a new path for robots to generate more flexible and metamorphosic motions, thereby addressing the cross‐phase transformation challenges that soft robots face.
Current Progress of Anode‐Free Rechargeable Sodium Metal Batteries: Origin, Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives
Authors: Hu Zewei , Liu Liyang , Wang Xin , Zheng Qingqing , Han Chao , Li Weijie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnode‐free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs) as one new battery configuration, have attracted more attention in recent years and considered as the promising next‐generation energy storage systems, owing to the advantages of high theoretical energy density, high safety, cost‐saving, and simplified fabrication process. The practical application of AFSMBs, however, is impeded by their poor cycle life arising from the low coulombic efficiency (CE), the growth of metal dendrite, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Recently, some works are reported to dissolve the above‐mentioned issues. In this review, it provides a comprehensive summary of AFSMBs including their origin, mechanism, advantages, challenges, strategies, and perspectives. First, the intrinsic issues of conventional sodium metal batteries are summarized as safety concerns and manufacturing difficulty, which is the background of promoting AFSMBs’ birth. Subsequently, the mechanism, construction requirement, advantages, and challenges of AFSMBs are discussed. Furthermore, the strategies for improving AFSMBs performance in terms of the current collector, electrolyte, and protocols, are summarized based on an extensive literature survey. Finally, the summary and outlook on this emerging field are further discussed briefly.
Self‐Cleaning Perovskite Single Crystals Fabricated with Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Derived Ionic Liquid Toward High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Gao Aijing , Chen Yu , Li Zining , Gu Kai , Sun Shipei , Zhong Haizheng , Sun Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSurface defects are crucial to perovskite single crystals (SCs) for versatile optoelectronic applications, whereas suffers from the intricate post‐treatments and unsatisfactory reproducibility within solution growth strategy due to the residue solvent corrosion and adsorbed precursors deposition. Here, an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMITFSI) is demonstrated, assisted solution growth approach for fabricating high‐quality self‐cleaning perovskite single crystals with no need for any post‐treatment. Benefiting from the in situ assembling in crystalline surface, BMITFSI can effectively decrease the crystallographic trap density by simultaneously introducing the self‐cleaning effect and optimizing the crystalline growth process. Particularly, as fabricated MAPbI3 single crystal exhibits an impressive photodetection performance with a specific detectivity of 2.83 × 1012 Jones in visible‐IR spectrum and a sensitivity of 7.24 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 in X‐ray detection, which is as good as the conventionally fabricated crystal with elaborate post‐treatments. Based on the chemical composition independent universality, this work paves an easy but efficient route to improve the current crystallization methodology toward high‐quality perovskite SCs fabrication.
Large‐Area Fabrication of Hexaazatrinaphthylene‐Based 2D Metal‐Organic Framework Films for Flexible Photodetectors and Optoelectronic Synapses
Authors: Song Jiajun , Liu Chun‐Ki , Piradi Venkatesh , Chen Changsheng , Zhu Ye , Zhu Xunjin , Li Li , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Yan Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2D conjugated metal‐organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for (opto)electronic applications due to their excellent charge transport properties originating from the unique layered‐stacked structures with extended in‐plane conjugation. The further advancement of MOF‐based (opto)electronics necessitates the development of novel 2D c‐MOF thin films with high quality. Cu‐HHHATN (HHHATN: hexahydroxyl‐hexaazatrinaphthylene) is a recently reported 2D c‐MOF featuring high in‐plane conjugation, strong interlayer π–π stacking, and multiple coordination sites, while the production of its thin‐film form has not yet been reported. Herein, large‐area Cu‐HHHATN thin films with preferential orientation, high uniformity, and smooth surfaces are realized by using a convenient layer‐by‐layer growth method. Flexible photodetectors are fabricated, showing broadband photoresponse ranging from UV to short‐wave infrared (370 to 1450 nm). The relatively long relaxation time of photocurrent, which arises from the trapping of photocarriers, renders the device's synaptic plasticity similar to that of biological synapses, promising its use in neuromorphic visual systems. This work demonstrates the great potential of Cu‐HHHATN thin films in flexible optoelectronic devices for various applications.
2D Multiferroics in As‐Substituted Bilayer α‐In2Se3 with Enhanced Magnetic Moments for Next‐Generation Nonvolatile Memory Device
Authors: Wang Zhikuan , Xu Ge , Jiang Xinxin , Yang Lei , Gao Quan , Li Chong , Li Dongmei , Liu Desheng , Cui Bin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSearching for multiferroic materials with ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) properties holds promise for ultra‐high‐density and low‐energy‐consumption memory device applications, but 2D materials with both properties are rare. Herein, a general strategy to achieve nonvolatile electric field control of magnetism in the bilayer (BL) α‐In2Se3 by hole doping is proposed. By first‐principles calculations, it is demonstrated that hole doping can induce robust ferromagnetism in the bilayer α‐In2Se3 due to its unique flat Mexican‐hat‐shape valence band structure. Such band edges cause van Hove singularities (VHS), and proper hole doping can lead to time‐reversal symmetry breaking. The bilayer α‐In2Se3 exhibits ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity within a wide range of doping concentrations, resulting in an unexpected multiferroic phase. Furthermore, when the electrical polarization of α‐In2Se3 flips from downward to upward, it becomes non‐magnetic (NM) from ferromagnetic states in the As‐substituted bilayer α‐In2Se3, which can work as a nonvolatile magnetic storage unit. Remarkably, the As‐substituted bilayer α‐In2Se3 exhibits an enhanced magnetic moment of 1.2 μB per AsSe due to substantial charge transfer across the interface. Notably, the mechanism of electrically controlled magnetism is elucidated as the coupling among the Mexican‐hat‐like dispersion, ferromagnetism, and ferroelectricity. The findings offer a promising strategy for electrical writing and the magnetic reading memory device.
Bidentate Ru(II)‐NC Complexes as Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones with Ethanol
Authors: Li Yufei , Lian Shuang , Wang Jiku , Gong Dawei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we developed a bidentate Ru(II)‐NC‐catalyzed transfer hydrogen reaction of ketones using ethanol (EtOH) as the hydrogen source under weak base conditions. The control experiments suggested that the reaction proceeded via a Ru‐H mechanism, yielding ethyl acetate as the only byproduct. The deuterium‐labeling experiments showed that hydrogen evolved from the CH2 and OH groups. These results provide a new weak base system for the transfer hydrogen reaction of ketones using EtOH as the hydrogen donor.
Resolving the Origins of Superior Cycling Performance of Antimony Anode in Sodium‐ion Batteries: A Comparison with Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Shao Ruiwen , Sun Zhefei , Wang Lei , Pan Jianhai , Yi Luocai , Zhang Yinggan , Han Jiajia , Yao Zhenpeng , Li Jie , Wen Zhenhai , Chen Shuangqiang , Chou Shu‐Lei , Peng Dong‐Liang , Zhang Qiaobao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlloying‐type antimony (Sb) with high theoretical capacity is a promising anode candidate for both lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Given the larger radius of Na+ (1.02 Å) than Li+ (0.76 Å), it was generally believed that the Sb anode would experience even worse capacity degradation in SIBs due to more substantial volumetric variations during cycling when compared to LIBs. However, the Sb anode in SIBs unexpectedly exhibited both better electrochemical and structural stability than in LIBs, and the mechanistic reasons that underlie this performance discrepancy remain undiscovered. Here, using substantial in situ transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman techniques complemented by theoretical simulations, we explicitly reveal that compared to the lithiation/delithiation process, sodiation/desodiation process of Sb anode displays a previously unexplored two‐stage alloying/dealloying mechanism with polycrystalline and amorphous phases as the intermediates featuring improved resilience to mechanical damage, contributing to superior cycling stability in SIBs. Additionally, the better mechanical properties and weaker atomic interaction of Na−Sb alloys than Li−Sb alloys favor enabling mitigated mechanical stress, accounting for enhanced structural stability as unveiled by theoretical simulations. Our finding delineates the mechanistic origins of enhanced cycling stability of Sb anode in SIBs with potential implications for other large‐volume‐change electrode materials.
Toward Memristive Phase‐Change Neural Network with High‐Quality Ultra‐Effective Highly‐Self‐Adjustable Online Learning
Authors: Lim Kian‐Guan , Go Shao‐Xiang , Tan Chun‐Chia , Jiang Yu , Cai Kui , Chong Tow‐Chong , Elliott Stephen R. , Lee Tae‐Hoon , Loke Desmond K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMemristive hardware with reconfigurable conductance levels are leading candidates for achieving artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, owing to difficulties in device character design and circuit combination, the ability to perform complicated online‐learning tasks on a memristive network is not well understood. Here, tandem (T) material states are harnessed in a phase‐change memory (PCM) element, i.e., the primed‐amorphous state and the partial‐crystallized state, by utilizing an impetus‐and‐consequent pair pulse through a large degree of configurational ordering, and illustrate the development of an integrated system for achieving in‐memory computing and neural networks (NNs). A correct classification of 96.1% of 10,000 separate test images from the conventional Modified‐National‐Institute‐of‐Standards‐and‐Technology (MNIST) database in the tandem neural‐network (T‐NN) model is achieved, as well as image recognition for 28×28‐pixel pictures. The T‐NN configuration exhibits an in situ learning, with 50% of the elements stuck in the low‐conductance state, and at the same time, maintains an identification accuracy of ≈90%. The structural origin of the large degree of configurational‐ordering‐enhanced improvement in the extent of the conductance uniformity in the T‐based memristive element is revealed by theoretical studies. This work opens the door for attaining a widely relevant hardware system capable of performing artificial intelligence tasks with a large power‐time efficacy.
Fuzzy observer design for sampled nonlinear systems with measurement uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Chong , Zhou Fan , Shen Yanjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, novel fuzzy observers are designed for a class of nonlinear systems with sampled outputs and unknown measurement noises. Firstly, sufficient conditions are given to ensure that a sampled‐data nonlinear system is ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Secondly, an output filtering transformation is taken. Then, an augmented nonlinear system is obtained. The sampled output and the measurement noise are transformed into the state equation of the augmented nonlinear system. Thirdly, an augmented observer is constructed by applying a fuzzy logic system (FLS) to approximate the unknown measurement noise. Sufficient conditions are derived by using a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii generalized function, such that the observation error is UUB. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical simulation example.
Computer‐directed rational design enhanced the thermostability of carbonyl reductase LsCR for the synthesis of ticagrelor precursor
Authors: Xu Shen‐Yuan , Chu Rong‐Liang , Liu Hua‐Tao , Weng Chun‐Yue , Wang Ya‐Jun , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarbonyl reductases are useful for producing optically active alcohols from their corresponding prochiral ketones. Herein, we applied a computer‐assisted strategy to increase the thermostability of a previously constructed carbonyl reductase, LsCRM4 (N101D/A117G/F147L/E145A), which showed an outstanding activity in the synthesis of the ticagrelor precursor (1S)‐2‐chloro‐1‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)ethanol. The stability changes introduced by mutations at the flexible sites were predicted using the computational tools FoldX, I‐Mutant 3.0, and DeepDDG, which demonstrated that 12 virtually screened mutants could be thermally stable; 11 of these mutants exhibited increased thermostability. Then a superior mutant LsCRM4‐V99L/D150F was screened out from the library that was constructed by iteratively combining the beneficial sites, which showed a 78% increase in activity and a 17.4°C increase in melting temperature compared to LsCRM4. Our computer‐assisted design and combinatorial strategy dramatically increased the efficiency of thermostable enzyme production.
Transition metal dichalcogenide quantum dots: Synthesis, properties, and applications for electrochemistry, energy storage, and solar cells
Authors: Lee Hoon Ju , Yang Weiguang , Shin Hyeon Suk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtomically thick two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been extensively studied as optoelectronic materials because of their distinctive electronic structures and outstanding photonic and catalytic properties. In particular, when the size of TMDs are decreased to the quantum scale, they possess wider bandgaps and higher surface‐to‐volume ratios with more active edge sites per unit mass. Hence, they are promising for use in sensor, battery, and electrocatalytic applications. In this study, we briefly review the various popular synthesis methods of TMD quantum dots (QDs) from top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. Then, we summarize the optical, electronic, and catalytic properties of TMD QDs. Furthermore, recent progress on electrochemistry, energy storage, and solar cell applications of TMD QDs is summarized in detail. Finally, we summarize current research bottlenecks of TMD QDs and discuss potential avenues for future research.
Nanoscale characterization of the solid electrolyte interphase and lithium growth by atomic force microscopy
Authors: He Zixu , Li Wanxia , Chen Yawei , Huang Fanyang , Jie Yulin , Li Xinpeng , Cao Ruiguo , Jiao Shuhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe complex growth behavior of lithium (Li) metal has posed significant challenges in gaining an understanding of the operational mechanisms of lithium batteries. The intricate composition and structure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) have added layers of difficulty in characterizing the dynamic and intricate electrochemical processes involved in lithium metal anodes. Real‐time observation of Li metal growth has particularly been challenging. Fortunately, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a powerful tool, offering invaluable in situ and nanoscale insights into the interface. Its unique contact detection method, remarkably high Z sensitivity, diverse operating modes, and ability for real‐time detection during battery operation make AFM a crucial asset. This review aims to comprehensively explore recent advances in AFM application for studying lithium battery anodes. It particularly focuses on examining the formation process and various properties of the solid electrolyte interphase in lithium batteries. In addition, here, we consolidate and evaluate the existing literature pertaining to AFM‐based research on the nucleation, deposition, and stripping processes of lithium metal. The objective is to highlight the growth mechanism of lithium metal and elucidate the factors influencing its growth.