bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Welfare Supervision
Authors: Potter Cathryn C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Child welfare is one of the most complex, challenging, exhausting, exhilarating, and satisfying practice arenas in human services. Child welfare workers make life-and-death decisions on a daily basis, and they make a difference in the lives of families and children at risk. Their supervisors stand with them, managing both their work and their ability to stay with the work, while contributing to positive and productive agency cultures and standing as a buffer to less productive organizational cultures (for an example of a supervisor’s day, see Box 1.1).
Many have described the child welfare workforce situation as being in crisis, with heavy turnover among workers and increased stresses on agencies putting pressure on the quality of child welfare interventions (Drake & Yadama, 1996; U.S. Government Accounting Office [U.S. GAO], 1995, 1997, 2003). Yet, many child welfare workers and supervisors thrive in their careers (Stalker, Mandell, Frensch, Harvey, & Wright, 2007). Numerous examinations of job satisfaction and job commitment in the child welfare workforce have identified supervision as a critical component in supporting both the retention of workers and the quality of service for families (Landsman, 2001; Smith, 2005; Strolin, McCarthy, & Caringi, 2007; Westbrook, Ellis, & Ellett, 2006). In this book, we turn our attention to child welfare supervisors, believing strongly that they hold a key to excellence in child welfare practice.
Supervisors As Leaders
Authors: Anderson Gary R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When one is asked to identify agency leaders, there is the tendency to point down the hall to the office of the county director, agency executive director, or chief executive officer. The titles, salaries, location on the organizational chart, and office place and space identify the singular individuals at the top as the leaders of organizations. With a variety of personalities and styles, these leaders are in a powerful position to mobilize other people toward the mission and purpose of the agency. However, limiting one’s view of leadership to the select professionals with executive titles risks missing the potential and organizational social capital present in the leadership opportunities and roles for supervisors. In child and family service agencies, the ability to achieve organizational goals—assuring the safety of children, advancing positive and lasting attachments and permanency, and addressing the well-being of children and their families—is directly linked to an appreciation for, and affirmation of, the leadership capacity and contribution of frontline supervisors.
Management Essentials For Child Welfare Supervisors
Authors: East Jean , Hanna Michele D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As described in the previous chapter, leadership is a crucial competency for child welfare supervisors. Requisite management skills are equally important. This chapter will cover several core competencies for the management role of a supervisor, including an assessment model to aid thinking about the different levels of knowledge necessary to be effective, planning models, and key management skills of communication and decision making.
Many scholars have made a clear distinction between management and leadership (Bennis & Nanus, 1985; Kotter, 1990), while others see them as very interrelated (Kettner, 2002). It is our opinion that management and leadership are very related for child welfare supervisors, but there are also distinctions between the two. In the leadership role, a supervisor is responsible for providing direction through creating a vision, seeking alignment of team goals with key strategies, and empowering, motivating, and inspiring others to meet the goals of the unit. In the management role, a supervisor is responsible for setting routines and order of day to-day activities, allocating resources, planning for short-term goals, and providing a problem-solving and decision-making structure through which to accomplish the work. Buckingham and Coffman (1999) make the distinction clear by noting that great leaders look outward, while great managers look inward, inside the organization. Both leadership and management skills and perspectives are essential for the child welfare supervisor.
Maximizing The Middle Management Role In Child Welfare
Authors: Antle Becky , Barbee Anita , Zyl Michiel Adriaan Van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As will be discussed in a later chapter, One of the primary roles of the frontline supervisor is to provide clinical supervision of the assessments, plans, and interventions provided by frontline workers for clients in the child welfare system. Another role that takes much of the frontline supervisor’s time is administrative in nature. The frontline supervisor must communicate and execute policies, procedures, and principles determined by upper management and sent down through a series of middle managers. In some ways, the frontline supervisors are middle managers, in the sense that they relay information from the front lines up the line in the organization and bring information that originates at the top down to the front lines. So while frontline supervisors are not classic middle managers, they need to have some of the skills of middle managers and understand the role of middle mangers in large bureaucracies. In so doing they can buffer their workers from the politics of the organization while facilitating necessary and productive change that originates from the top and middle ranks in the organization. To that end, in this chapter we seek to describe the ways in which public child welfare agencies are organized and how that organization translates into various middle-management roles in executing child welfare practice. We then discuss the training, technical assistance, and professional development available to middle managers in child welfare.
Clinical Supervision In Child Welfare
Authors: Ferguson Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The role of supervisor requires participation in many activities, one of the most critical being clinical supervision, an area whose importance has recently been stressed in public child welfare practice (Collins Camargo, 2006; Salus, 2004). Clinical supervision allows the supervisor to assist child welfare workers with the multitude of issues and concerns that come up in child welfare services (Collins-Camargo, 2006, 2007; Waldfogel, 1998). It creates a venue in which the child welfare worker and the supervisor investigate practice issues with the expressed goal of positive client outcomes.
This chapter investigates clinical supervision by defining clinical practice and clinical supervision and discussing how these concepts relate to public child welfare services. The chapter provides a brief review of various models of clinical supervision and a description of how to set the stage for clinical supervision, along with a more detailed review of the phases of clinical supervision. The chapter ends with an overview of group supervision and a discussion of the stages of development for a new supervisor. While not exhaustive, this chapter provides the child welfare supervisor with enough information to practice the role of clinical supervision.
Managing Performance
Authors: Paul Megan E , Graef Michelle I , Robinson Erika J , Saathoff Kristin I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the primary roles of a supervisor is to manage worker performance. Performance management is the “continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing the performance of individuals and teams and aligning performance with the strategic goals of the organization” (Aguinis, 2007, p. 2). Supervisors must regularly assess current performance levels and take steps to improve performance in a way that is congruent with agency goals. The ultimate goal is to achieve agency objectives through individual and team performance.
To effectively manage performance, supervisors must know what the performance expectations are for workers and clearly communicate these expectations to workers. They must regularly monitor and document performance while taking steps to facilitate and improve performance. In the event of unsatisfactory performance patterns, supervisors must analyze and address performance problems, sometimes using disciplinary measures. Finally, formalized performance management systems may include standardized performance evaluations, which supervisors will be expected to complete. In carrying out these multiple responsibilities, supervisors must be aware of and operate within legal guidelines for performance management.
Why Do We Stare?
Authors: Garland-Thomson Rosemarie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Staring raises questions. Who stares? Why do we stare? When do we stare? What do we stare at? Why can’t we stop staring? What do we do when we are stared at? Should we stare? We stare because we are curious, and we are curious about staring. Staring: How We Lookaims to scratch that inquisitive itch by thinking carefully about the stare. It explores staring’s possibilities and shows that staring is more than meets the eye. Everybody stares. Staring is an ocular response to what we don’t expect to see. Novelty arouses our eyes. More than just looking, staring is an urgent eye jerk of intense interest. Mike Ervin calls it “the car wreck phenomenon” (2005 interview). We stare when ordinary seeing fails, when we want to know more. So staring is an interrogative gesture that asks what’s going on and demands the story. The eyes hang on, working to recognize what seems illegible, order what seems unruly, know what seems strange. Staring begins as an impulse that curiosity can carry forward into engagement (figure 1.1). Spectacles elicit wonderment, but when we stare at one another something more complicated happens. We don’t usually stare at people we know, but instead when unfamiliar people take us by surprise.
Management of Somatoform Disorders
Authors: Lamberty Greg J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Neuropsychologists practicing in the United States tend to devote little of their time to psychotherapy or treatment, though they frequently make recommendations for treatment as part of the neuropsychological evaluation process. More than 45% of all neuropsychologists responding to a recent wide-scale survey acknowledged that they did no psychotherapy with patients without brain dysfunction. The average amount of time spent engaging in psychotherapy across all respondents and settings, and encompassing patients with and without acquired brain dysfunction, was about seven hours per week (Sweet, Peck, Abramowitz, & Etzweiler, 2002). This does not necessarily mean seven hours of psychotherapy, but rather seven hours in the provision of these services. Thus, despite the fact that the vast majority of neuropsychologists are trained in clinical psychology programs, the nature of neuropsychological practice is such that treatment and psychotherapy are decidedly secondary pursuits (Sweet et al., 2002; Sweet, Nelson, & Moberg, 2006). Clinical neuropsychology has instead staked its reputation on the ability to accurately characterize neurobehavioral functioning. Ideally, such a focus encompasses a ready knowledge of the most appropriate and efficacious treatments for our patients.
Working With Somatizing Patients in Neuropsychological Practice
Authors: Lamberty Greg J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I present composite case examples that illustrate different elements of working with somatizing patients in the context of the neuropsychological evaluation process. I start by discussing features of somatizing patients that are frequently encountered in practice. This material will likely seem familiar to most practitioners. The observations and suggestions offered are based on my knowledge of the literature, but more so on extensive experience in working with such patients. This can be a decidedly trial-and-error process and one in which the clinician frequently learns from mistakes and missteps.
The Development Of Women’S Rights As A Microcosm Of The Development Of Human Rights
Authors: Talbott William J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the preceding chapter, I used the history of Bartolome´ de Las Casas to illustrate the first step toward the recognition of universal human rights, the recognition of some kind of group right to religious and cultural freedom. This is an important first step, because it marks a path between moral imperialism and moral wishy-washiness. This is the path that ultimately leads to the recognition of individual human rights. The recognition of individual human rights requires a standpoint from which to criticize not only a culture’s external norms, but also its internal norms. Cultural relativism about internal norms denies that this is possible. In this chapter, I illustrate how it is possible. Rather than try to review the entire history of the development of individual human rights, I focus on the development of women’s rights as a microcosm of the entire history.
Clarifications And Objections
Authors: Talbott William J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I address some potential questions and objections. One potential source of concern could be that the list of basic human rights I identified in the last chapter leaves them largely undefined. Shouldn’t they be specified more precisely? In this book, my goal is to give the big picture, not to specify the precise contours of the basic human rights. I have tried to articulate a framework that enables us to understand why each of them is a basic human right and why they should be guaranteed to all beings capable of autonomy, in my nonmetaphysical sense. Understanding that the basic human rights are the rights necessary for the development and exercise of autonomy does help to define their contours. It also helps to identify gaps in the human rights guarantees in existing human rights documents.
Lymnaea stagnalis: The Effects of Experimental Demographic Reduction on Population Dynamics
Authors: Coutellec Marie-Agnès , Caquet Thierry , Lagadic Laurent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A population-level estimation of toxicant effects is of primary interest for ecotoxicological risk assessment, because populations often represent elementary units for both ecological and evolutionary processes. Population-level parameters such as growth rate, r, have proven to be more relevant to reflect ecotoxicological impact of toxicants than are life-history traits measured at the individual level, over a wide range of species and substances (Forbes and Calow, 1999), and the higher relevance of population-level approaches is acknowledged for different taxonomic groups (Sibly et al., 2005). To study the impact of a presumably toxic substance on a population, demographic approaches such as life table response experiments can be used (Mauri et al., 2003), under fixed, random, or regression designs, depending on the degree of control of the factor tested, and whether or not it is continuous (Caswell, 2000, 2001). Such designs are relevant because they provide answers at the desired level (the whole life table is the dependent variable) and allow one to include interactions with factors other than the toxicant, such as local ecological components or genetic characteristics of the populations in the statistical test model. Whereas demographic methodology can be applied to laboratory-raised as well as natural populations, its effcacy will strongly depend on the accuracy of vital rate estimates.
Pakistan after Islamization: Mainstream and Militant Islamism in a Changing State
Authors: Nasr Vali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1999 the Pakistan military staged a coup that removed the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from office. The military justified its actions by claiming to be ridding Pakistan of corruption and the paralysis that constant bickering between politicians had produced. The military promised to bring to Pakistan the development that had thus far deluded it. The generals argued that democracy was too permissive to corruption and was open to influence by Islamists. Genuine development would only be possible under the aegis of the military, which could provide for a secular decisionmaking environment in which technocrats could run the affairs of the state free from the influence of politicians. The military’s gambit has opened a new chapter in Pakistan’s politics, one that would redefine the relations between the military, Islam, and civilian politics.
Entrepreneurs and Missionaries
Authors: Erickson John H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Columbus discovered, it is possible to reach America from Europe by sailing west across the Atlantic. That was the route taken by the successive waves of immigrants from whose perspective American history—and the history of religion in America-has often been written. But it is also possible to reach America by traveling east across Siberia to the Pacific rim and from there across the Bering Straits to Alaska, following the route taken thousands of years before by the earliest immigrants, the ancestors of the Native Americans. Orthodox Christians reached America by both routes. Their unusually complex history does not conform neatly to familiar patterns. It is a story of immigration but also one of mission. The Orthodox Christians not only struggled to preserve their ancient faith in the New World, but also labored to share that faith with others.
Sikhs Come to America
Authors: Mann Gurinder Singh , Numrich Paul David , Williams Raymond B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A few Sikh soldiers settled on the Pacific Coast of British Columbia, Canada, during the 1890s. Others followed, choosing to emigrate to Canada because it, like India, was then part of the British empire. Eventually, a number of these Sikhs would move from Canada south to the United States. Sikhs began to emigrate to the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century. By about 1915, approximately six thousand of them had landed on the West Coast, either directly or by way of Canada. Most came from the Punjab. A few arrived from places like.
Catholic and American
Authors: Fisher James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1854 a group of Polish immigrants established the community of Panna Marya (“Village of Our Lady”) in central Texas. One of the founders of this first permanent settlement of Poles in the United States was Peter Kiolbassa, an 18-year-old native of the small town of Swib, which, with the rest of Poland, was under foreign occupation (in the late 18th and early 19th centuries Poland had been carved up by Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary). The young Polish-Texan Peter Kiolbassa worked as a cowboy, a waiter, and an elementary-school teacher before enlisting in the Texas cavalry during the Civil War. After being captured by Union troops and taken to Illinois, Kiolbassa switched sides and was quickly made a captain in the U.S. cavalry. In late 1863 he visited Chicago while on furlough and discovered a small Polish-American Catholic community struggling there to establish its first national parish in the rapidly growing city.
Death Becomes Her: Gender and Athenian Death Ritual
Authors: Stears Karen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lot of women in Archaic and Classical Athens has been characterized as an unhappy one. They were denied access to avenues of social, political, and economic power, their status has been identified as low, and their personal freedom of movement has been conceived of as being severely restricted. The funeral, so central to Athenian social and political life, has been singled out as a reification of the male and female power relationship, and the role of women within funerary practices has been adduced as evidence in the construction of this picture; the intensity of the display of their grief served as an outlet for their own repressed frustrations. Such analyses tend to focus on gender at the expense of other issues. It is doubtful whether gender functioned as the sole means of group identity in ancient Athens. In many circumstances other aspects of social identity and relationship may have been uppermost, most notably familial relationships. By using jointly the tools of gender and kin in assessing women’s duties in funerary rituals, this chapter hopes to present an alternative, more sanguine view of female status and power.
Romance, Intimacy, And Pregnancy: Father Involvement Outside of Marriage
Authors: Hertz Rosanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was twenty-eight when Gavin and I started dating. We’d known each other as kids but never got serious until then. It was a good time for me: I’d landed a good job as a financial analyst making pretty good money. Gavin was starting his own business as a plumber. He had a child-with a woman he married but who left him for another woman. He never divorced her but she lived in another state. And, frankly, it did n’t matter that much to me because after my experience, I was n’t too keen on marriage as an institution-to put it mildly.
Conclusion Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Circumstances
Authors: Hertz Rosanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Garrison Keillor’s Lake Wobegon Days, based upon his radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, posits a community in which “all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking and all the children are above average.” In this parody of the perfect American community, families all have extraordinary children who live ordinary lives. The women in this study have created families in extraordinary ways, and since these single mothers know there is no community where all the children are above average, they, like Jennifer, wish for children and families that will simply blend with their own average communities.
Surrendering the Quest (1966-1982)
Authors: D'Elia John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
George Ladd staggered through the remainder. of the 1960s and 1970s, convinced that he had been either deluded or victimized or more likely both. In the winter of 1966 he summed up his condition in a lament to an old friend: I have bet my professional career on the proposition that it was now possible for an intelligent conservative theology to gain a respectful hearing, IF NOT AGREEMENT, from the “other crowd.” I have put all my eggs in one basket. It is obvious to me that sectarianism and critical orthodoxy pervades [sic] American scholarship; I am driven to this conclusion against my will. From here on I am writing for my “own crowd,” and have had to talk myself into the attitude that I don’t give a tinker’s damn what anybody thinks or says about my writings.
Muslim Americans after 9/11
Authors: Curtis Edward E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Setting out to destroy the symbols of U.S. financial, military, and political power on September 11, 2001, nineteen members of al-Qa’ida hijacked and crashed large passenger planes into both towers of New York’s World Trade Center and into the Pentagon. A fourth hijacked jet, apparently bound for Washington, D.C., crashed in Pennsylvania. In total, approximately 3,000 human beings were murdered that day. Usama bin Ladin, the leader of al-Qa’ida, considered the attacks to be religiously sanctioned retribution for the suffering caused by U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Before and after the attacks, al-Qa’ida members cited several reasons for their violent acts, including U.S.-based support of Israel, the U.S.-led war against Iraq in 1991, the presence of U.S. military bases in the Persian Gulf, and U.S. support for corrupt regimes in the Middle East.