bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcritical water‐treated soy protein‐gum Arabic core‐shell nanoparticles as phytosterol carriers
Authors: Lu Wei , Wang Mengping , Chen Jiafeng , Wang Jinmei 
Published: October 2023

SummarySoy protein‐gum Arabic (GA) core‐shell nanoparticles were fabricated as carriers for hydrophobic phytosterol (PS) using an anti‐solvent precipitation (pH 7.0) and then coating GA on the surface of protein‐based PS nanoparticles at pH 4.5. PS nanoparticles stabilised by heat‐treated soy protein isolate (SPI), especially subcritical water‐treated SPI (SW, 120 °C), exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading amount (LA) and colloidal stability than native SPI‐stabilised PS nanoparticles. The highly flexible conformation and more exposed hydrophobic clusters of SW‐treated SPI could result in a quick encapsulation of more PS into the interior of protein molecules during anti‐solvent precipitation. However, for native SPI with rigid globular structure, the loading of PS mainly occurred on the surface hydrophobic sites of protein molecules. After introducing GA (≥5 mg mL−1) to PS nanoparticles fabricated by SW‐treated SPI, submicron‐sized (Dh 250.71~341.76 nm) core‐shell nanoparticles with high acid solubility and thermal stability were formed. The coating of GA decelerated the digestion of SW‐treated SPI, and improved the EE, LA and in vitro bioaccessibility of PS under acidic environment. These results reveal the protein structure dependence of PS encapsulation and provide a simple approach to fabricate biopolymer‐based nanoparticle delivery system for hydrophobic bioactives in acidified functional drinks.
Do individualised projects help integrate the long‐term unemployed and disadvantaged people? Lessons from the Czech Republic
Authors: Hora Ondřej , Sirovátka Tomáš 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article evaluates a national project for the integration of long‐term unemployed and disadvantaged groups of jobseekers implemented in the Czech Republic since 2019. It discusses how individual work and active labour market policy measures for these groups have changed, and what the outcomes were. We combined a quantitative evaluation of the targeting and outcomes of the measures with a qualitative evaluation of changes in the project implementation through semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions conducted at the Labour Office branches. The findings show the need to broaden the availability of hard measures such as private‐sector placement subsidies for the most disadvantaged jobseekers, and to improve soft measures (counselling and training), especially if front‐line workers do not have sufficient competences for individual work. We are cautious about generalising the findings, as the pandemic complicated the implementation of soft measures.
Mental health deserves better: Resisting the dilution of specialist pre‐registration mental health nurse education in the United Kingdom
Authors: Warrender Dan , Connell Chris , Jones Emma , Monteux Sebastian , Colwell Lucy , Laker Caroline , Cromar‐Hayes Maxine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article aims to draw attention to increasing genericism in nurse education in the United Kingdom, which sees less specialist mental health education for mental health nursing students and offers opposition to such direction. In 2018, the Nursing and Midwifery Council produced the ‘Future Nurse’ standards which directed changes to pre‐registration nurse education. This led to dissatisfaction from many mental health nurses, specifically regarding reduced mental health content for students studying mental health nursing. Concerns have been raised through public forum and evolved into a grassroots national movement ‘Mental Health Deserves Better’ (#MHDeservesBetter). This is a position paper which presents the perspective of many mental health nurse academics working at universities within the United Kingdom. Mental health nurse academics collaborated to develop ideas and articulate arguments and perspectives which present a strong position on the requirement for specialist pre‐registration mental health nurse education. The key themes explored are; a conflict of ideologies in nursing, no parity of esteem, physical health care needs to be contextualized, the unique nature of mental health nursing, ethical tensions and values conflict, implications for practice, necessary improvements overlooked and the dangers of honesty and academic ‘freedom’. The paper concludes by asserting a strong position on the need for a change of direction away from genericism and calls on mental health nurses to rise from the ashes to advocate for a quality education necessary to ensure quality care delivery. The quality of mental health care provided by mental health nurses has many influences, yet the foundation offered through pre‐registration education is one of the most valuable. If the education of mental health nurses does not attend to the distinct and unique role of the mental health nurse, standards of mental health care may diminish without assertive action from mental health nurses and allies.
Newly graduated nurses' commitment to the nursing profession and their workplace during their first year of employment: A focused ethnography
Authors: Kaldal Maiken Holm , Voldbjerg Siri Lygum , Grønkjær Mette , Conroy Tiffany , Feo Rebecca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe commitment of nurses to their profession and workplace is closely linked to the delivery of high‐quality patient care. Existing literature highlights the positive impact of commitment on care quality and patient outcomes. Conversely, a lack of commitment can lead to nurse burnout and disengagement. However, it remains unclear whether and how cultural beliefs and practices influence newly graduated nurses' commitment to the nursing profession and their workplace.AimTo explore the cultural beliefs and practices influencing newly graduated nurses' commitment to the profession and commitment to their workplace during their first year of employment.DesignA focused ethnographic study.MethodsData consisted of field notes from 94 h of participant observations and 10 semi‐structured interviews with newly graduated nurses working in acute care settings in Denmark. Data were analysed using ethnographic content analysis. Data were collected between March and June 2022.ResultsThe findings reveal a major theme, termed ‘A State of Transience among Newly Graduated Nurses’, consisting of two themes: ‘Newly Graduated Nurses’ Pursuit of Professional Development and Supportive Work Environments' and ‘A Lack of Formal Agreements or Conditions to Meet Expectations for Professional Development.’ConclusionHospitals and nurse managers need to support newly graduated nurses in their first employment after registration by providing a range of clinical experiences through job rotation opportunities within the same organization, deliver on promises for onboarding support and foster a culture of trust. These strategies will help maintain the motivation, commitment and ability of newly graduated nurses to deliver high‐quality patient care, thereby reducing the likelihood of turnover.Relevance for Clinical PracticeA trusting and supportive work environment is fostered by providing diverse clinical experiences and consistent support for newly graduated nurses. To address potential high turnover associated with job rotation, hospitals need to rethink how retention is defined and measured, moving beyond hospital unit‐level models and measures.Reporting MethodThis study reports to the SRQR guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Ethnic inequalities during clinical placement: A qualitative study of student nurses' experiences within the London National Health Service
Authors: Walker Chenel R. , Gunasinghe Cerisse , Harwood Hannah , Ehsan Annahita , Ahmed Farah , Dorrington Sarah , Onwumere Juliana , Meriez Paula , Stanley Nathan , Stoll Nkasi , Woodhead Charlotte , Hatch Stephani L. , Rhead Rebecca D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo understand how student nurse experiences on clinical placement, within National Health Service (NHS) hospitals, differ for ethnic minority and White British groups.DesignA qualitative thematic analysis with an inductive approach.MethodsData from semi‐structured interviews with 21 London (United Kingdom) hospital‐based student nurses were examined using thematic analysis. Participants were interviewed as part of the Tackling Inequalities and Discrimination Experiences in Health Services (TIDES) study and asked about their experiences during clinical placement.ResultsFive main themes were identified: (1) Role of mentors, (2) Discrimination and unfair treatment, (3) Speaking up/out, (4) Career progression, and (5) Consequences of adverse experiences. All themes were linked, with the social dynamics and workplace environment (referred to as “ward culture”) providing a context that normalizes mistreatment experienced by nursing students. Students from ethnic minority backgrounds reported racism as well as cultural and/or religious microaggressions. While being valued for their race and ethnicity, White British students also experienced discrimination and inequity due to their age, sex, gender, and sexual orientation. Students from both White British and ethnic minority groups acknowledged that being treated badly was a barrier to career progression. Ethnic minority students also noted the lack of diverse representation within senior nursing positions discouraged career progression within the UK NHS.ConclusionThese initial experiences of inequality and discrimination are liable to shape a student's perspective of their profession and ability to progress within nursing. The NHS is responsible for ensuring that student nurses' developmental opportunities are equal, irrespective of ethnicity.ImpactWard culture is perpetuated by others who normalize mistreatment and concurrently disadvantage ethnic minority students, making them feel unvalued. This in turn impacts both staff retention and career progression within the NHS. Training assessors should be aware of the existing culture of discrimination within clinical placements and work to eradicate it.
Mergers and organizational disruption: Evidence from the US airline industry
Authors: González Julia , Lemus Jorge , Marshall Guillermo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMerger‐specific efficiencies alleviate anticompetitive concerns of horizontal mergers. However, organizational challenges inherent in mergers pose a threat to achieving these efficiencies and could negatively impact the merged firm's productivity and market outcomes. We separately measure the organizational and strategic effects of mergers on quality provision using administrative data from the US airline industry, leveraging an industry‐specific regulation. We find that organizational challenges (e.g., combining workforces) cause a significant reduction in the quality supplied by a merged firm. In contrast, strategic effects (e.g., market strategy) have a minor impact on quality. Also, we find that a merger can reduce the performance of both merging firms. Our results suggest a merger's organizational challenges create uncertain efficiency gains.
Efficacy and safety of risankizumab for Crohn's disease in patients from Asian countries: a post hoc subanalysis of the global phase 3 ADVANCE, MOTIVATE, and FORTIFY studies
Authors: Gao Xiang , Fujii Toshimitsu , Ye Byong Duk , Chou Jen‐Wei , Sugimoto Ken , Cao Qian , Kligys Kristina , Murakoshi Kaoru , Teng Dennis , Zhang Yafei , Nakase Hiroshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe anti‐interleukin‐23 antibody risankizumab is being investigated as a treatment for moderate‐to‐severe Crohn's disease. This post hoc subanalysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of risankizumab therapy in Asian patients.MethodsADVANCE (NCT03105128) and MOTIVATE (NCT03104413) were randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 induction studies. Patients with intolerance/inadequate response to biologic (MOTIVATE) and/or conventional therapy (ADVANCE) were randomized to receive intravenous risankizumab (600 or 1200 mg) or placebo at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Clinical responders to risankizumab could enter the phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled maintenance withdrawal study (FORTIFY; NCT03105102). Patients were rerandomized to receive subcutaneous risankizumab (180 or 360 mg) or placebo (withdrawal) every 8 weeks for 52 weeks.ResultsAmong 198 Asian patients in the induction studies, clinical remission and endoscopic response at week 12 were achieved by 61.4% and 40.0%, 59.5% and 35.8%, and 27.3% and 9.1% of patients in the risankizumab 600 mg, risankizumab 1200 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. Among 67 patients who entered the maintenance study, clinical remission and endoscopic response at week 52 were achieved by 57.1% and 52.4%, 75.0% and 40.0%, and 53.8% and 34.6% of patients in the risankizumab 180 mg, risankizumab 360 mg, and placebo (withdrawal) groups, respectively. Fistula closure was observed with risankizumab treatment in 28.6% (induction) and 57.1% (maintenance) of patients. Efficacy trends and safety profile were similar to those in non‐Asian patients.ConclusionConsistent with non‐Asian and global population results, risankizumab was effective and well tolerated in Asian patients with Crohn's disease.
Comprehensive Older Adult and Caregiver Help (COACH): A person‐centered caregiver intervention prevents elder mistreatment
Authors: Gassoumis Zachary D. , Martinez Julia M. , Yonashiro‐Cho Jeanine , Mosqueda Laura , Hou Anthony , Han S. Duke , Olsen Bonnie , Louis Anat , Connolly Marie‐Therese , Meyer Kylie , Marnfeldt Kelly , Salinas Navarro Sheila A. , Yan Mengzhao , Wilber Kathleen H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundElder mistreatment (EM) harms individuals, families, communities, and society as a whole. Yet research on interventions is lagging, and no rigorous studies demonstrating effective prevention have been published. This pilot study examines whether a first‐of‐its‐kind coaching intervention reduced the experience of EM among older adults with chronic health conditions, including dementia.MethodsWe used a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial to test a strengths‐based person‐centered caregiver support intervention, developed from evidence‐based approaches used in other types of family violence. Participants (n = 80), family caregivers of older adults who were members of Kaiser Permanente, completed surveys at baseline, post‐test, and 3‐month follow‐up. The primary outcome was caregiver‐reported EM; additional proximal outcomes were caregiver burden, quality‐of‐life, anxiety, and depression. Nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U, Fisher's Exact, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and McNemar's) were used to make comparisons between treatment and control groups and across time points.ResultsThe treatment group had no EM after intervention completion (assessed at 3‐month follow‐up), a significantly lower rate than the control group (treatment = 0%, control = 23.1%, p = 0.010).ConclusionsIn this pilot study, we found that the COACH caregiver support intervention successfully reduced EM of persons living with chronic illness, including dementia. Next steps will include: (1) testing the intervention's mechanism in a fully powered RCT and (2) scaling the intervention for testing in a variety of care delivery systems.
Accelerated aging mediates the associations of unhealthy lifestyles with cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality
Authors: Li Xueqin , Cao Xingqi , Zhang Jingyun , Fu Jinjing , Mohedaner Mayila , Danzengzhuoga  , Sun Xiaoyi , Yang Gan , Yang Zhenqing , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Chen Xi , Cohen Alan A. , Liu Zuyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith two well‐validated aging measures capturing mortality and morbidity risk, this study examined whether and to what extent aging mediates the associations of unhealthy lifestyles with adverse health outcomes.MethodsData were from 405,944 adults (40–69 years) from UK Biobank (UKB) and 9972 adults (20–84 years) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). An unhealthy lifestyles score (range: 0–5) was constructed based on five factors (smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, unhealthy body mass index, and unhealthy diet). Two aging measures, Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) and Biological Age Acceleration (BioAgeAccel) were calculated using nine and seven blood biomarkers, respectively, with a higher value indicating the acceleration of aging. The outcomes included incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), incident cancer, and all‐cause mortality in UKB; CVD mortality, cancer mortality, and all‐cause mortality in NHANES. A general linear regression model, Cox proportional hazards model, and formal mediation analysis were performed.ResultsThe unhealthy lifestyles score was positively associated with PhenoAgeAccel (UKB:β = 0.741; NHANES:β = 0.874, allp < 0.001). We further confirmed the respective associations of PhenoAgeAccel and unhealthy lifestyles with the outcomes in UKB and NHANES. The mediation proportion of PhenoAgeAccel in associations of unhealthy lifestyles with incident CVD, incident cancer, and all‐cause mortality were 20.0%, 17.8%, and 26.6% (allp < 0.001) in UKB, respectively. Similar results were found in NHANES. The findings were robust when using another aging measure—BioAgeAccel.ConclusionsAccelerated aging partially mediated the associations of lifestyles with CVD, cancer, and mortality in UK and US populations. The findings reveal a novel pathway and the potential of geroprotective programs in mitigating health inequality in late life beyond lifestyle interventions.
Metabolic effects of atypical antipsychotics: Molecular targets
Authors: Fonseca Maria , Carmo Francisca , Martel Fátima 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are commonly prescribed drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other mental diseases with psychotic traits. Although the use of AAPs is associated with beneficial effects in these patients, they are also associated with undesired metabolic side effects, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). MeS is defined by the presence of metabolic abnormalities such as large waist circumference, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia and elevated blood pressure, which predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. In this review, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in these undesired metabolic abnormalities induced by AAPs are described. These mechanisms are complex as AAPs have multiple cellular targets which significantly affect the activities of several hormones and neuromodulators. Additionally, AAPs affect all the relevant metabolic organs, namely the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and intestine, and the central and peripheral nervous system as well. A better understanding of the molecular targets linking AAPs with MetS and of the mechanisms responsible for clinically different side effects of distinct AAPs is needed. This knowledge will help in the development of novel AAPs with less adverse effects as well as of adjuvant therapies to patients receiving AAPs.
Rapid and visual detection of grapevine fleck virus using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow strips
Authors: Lee Ga‐Eun , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Jeong Rae‐Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGrapevine flack virus (GFkV) causes fleck disease and leads to severe symptoms when the infection occurs with multiple viruses. Restricting the propagation of GFkV‐infected grapevines is the ideal management strategy to control the spread of this virus. Therefore, the development of rapid detection methods for GFkV is urgently required. In the present study, we developed a rapid and reliable assay based on the reverse transcription‐recombinase polymerase amplification (RT‐RPA) combined with lateral flow strips (LFS) using sequence‐specific primers and a probe‐based coat protein sequences for the GFkV detection in grapevines. The GFkV RT‐RPA‐LFS assay was optimized at 38°C for 10 min and an extra 5 min LFS incubation time. The optimized RT‐RPA‐LFS assay had similar sensitivity to RT‐PCR and showed no cross‐reaction with major viruses infecting grapevines in Korea. The assay was successfully validated for GFkV detection in grapevine field samples. This study provides a reliable technique for rapidly detecting GFkV as an alternative diagnostic approach for producing virus‐free grapevine nurseries.
The reproductive potential of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) farmed in sea cages in South Korea
Authors: Park Jin Woo , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Ji Seung Cheol , Ryu Yong‐Woon , Cho Jeong‐Hyeon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIdentifying environmental effects on the reproduction cycle and sex hormones is essential for ensuring the sustainable productivity of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT, Thunnus orientalis) aquaculture. In the present study, 70 PBTs, commercially farmed in sea cages near Yokjido Island, South Korea, were investigated from April 2020 to March 2021. Environmental data, including water temperature and photoperiod duration, were collected. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated, and male and female maturity stages were classified monthly in proportions based on histological analysis of the gonads. Male and female gonadal developmental stages were classified into four major stages. Mature male and female PBTs were observed from May to August and June to August, respectively. Monthly changes in sex steroid hormone levels in PBT plasma were evaluated. The GSI and sex steroid hormones of males and females increased in May, peaked in June, and decreased thereafter. Our results confirmed the reproductive potential of farmed PBT and verified that reproductive maturity is reached in July. This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to investigate the reproductive biology of PBT in South Korea, and our results constitute a reference for future research on PBT aquaculture.
Contrasting laboratory and field outcomes of bat–moth interactions
Authors: Lin Aiqing , Li Jiqian , Hu Yinli , Zhong Maojun , Yu Minglun , Ma Nina , Wei Tingting , Luo Jinhong , Feng Jiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPredator–prey interactions are important but difficult to study in the field. Therefore, laboratory studies are often used to examine the outcomes of predator–prey interactions. Previous laboratory studies have shown that moth hearing and ultrasound production can help prey avoid being eaten by bats. We report here that laboratory behavioural outcomes may not accurately reflect the outcomes of field bat–moth interactions. We tested the success rates of two bat species capturing moths with distinct anti‐bat tactics using behavioural experiments. We compared the results with the dietary composition of field bats using next‐generation DNA sequencing. Rhinolophus episcopus and Rhinolophus osgoodi had a lower rate of capture success when hunting for moths that produce anti‐bat clicks than for silent eared moths and earless moths. Unexpectedly, the success rates of the bats capturing silent eared moths and earless moths did not differ significantly from each other. However, the field bats had a higher proportion of silent eared moths than that of earless moths and that of clicking moths in their diets. The difference between the proportions of silent eared moths and earless moths in the bat diets can be explained by the difference between their abundance in bat foraging habitats. These findings suggest that moth defensive tactics, bat countertactics and moth availability collectively shape the diets of insectivorous bats. This study illustrates the importance of using a combination of behavioural experiments and molecular genetic techniques to reveal the complex interactions between predators and prey in nature.