bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialized Carbon Dioxide Self-Healing Cement System Engineered for Carbon Capture and Storage Well in Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Knowles John S. , Johnson Carl R. , Liapunova Nadezhda , Syslak Håvar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the energy sector has experienced a noticeable shift in focus away from traditional oil and gas activities, diversifying into activities related to sustainability. One such activity is carbon capture and storage (CCS). In this paper we explore such activities with specific focus on the installed primary well barrier element, i.e., the cement sheath, including application, and performance as such in a dynamically stressed carbon dioxide (CO2) environment.
It is well known that under certain conditions, Portland cement can be adversely affected by CO2, although the impact on set cement will vary with conditions such as fluid salinity, temperature, pressure, and permeability of the set material. Based on several years of concept evolution, a specialized cement system has been developed that not only has intrinsic resistance to CO2 degradation but adds the functionality of self-healing. In this context, small microfractures or microannuli may be sealed over time when the cement system is exposed to CO2. This system was qualified following extensive CO2 exposure where the mechanical properties were assessed before and after testing. This step was added to ensure the set cement maintained integrity over time, including during pressure and temperature changes/cycles during CO2 injection.
Following consultation and close collaboration with the operator, the design of the self-healing CO2 resistant cement system was accepted with optimal results, based on field conditions. The results of the final design will be presented in this paper, including those related to the iterations necessary to tailor the required mechanical properties to prevent failure caused by stress-related cracking. The self-healing action will also be presented. Upon implementation in the field, the specialized CO2 self-healing cement system was transported offshore and handled at the rig with no unforeseen challenges. This bolstered the practice of conducting a thorough prejob risk assessment. A detailed operational program was prepared, permitting the cement slurry to be mixed and placed without incident. From a post-job perspective, validation of the annular barrier is crucial, so wireline cement bond logging was conducted. The log outcome exceeded the minimum criteria for a barrier as dictated by the latest NORSOK D-010 (2021) requirements.
We present the first-ever implementation of a newly developed self-healing CO2 resistant cement system in the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). As the industry places more emphasis on constructing wells or repurposing existing wells, the availability and application of this type of technology becomes more important. The importance increases as the industry seeks to achieve global sustainability goals. Establishing long-term wellbore integrity and maintaining the stored CO2 in the formation for perpetuity is paramount in achieving these challenging objectives.
Pipeline CO2mmissioning: The First Step is the Hardest
Authors: Harris A. , McKay C. , Stokes S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first introduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into a new carbon capture and storage (CCS) pipeline is one of the most onerous operations over the asset lifecycle. The emergence of CCS hubs and terminals introduce additional technical challenges for CO2 system operation due to varying CO2 source and composition. The paper addresses a key operation which is a known risk for these emerging projects and provides valuable mitigation insights based on real project design experience.
The objective of this paper is to share insights from CCS project initial start-up planning case studies to educate on systems risks and mitigation measures related to this operation. The case studies show that adequately designing for first fill operational flexibility has a first order impact on the pipeline design, and therefore has the potential to result in cost growth if not accounted for early in design.
The initial pressure drop from a source of higher-pressure CO2 to an initially lower pipeline pressure can result in very low transient operating temperatures as the CO2 phase changes and expands to lower pressure gas, giving rise to risks to mechanical integrity of the pipeline and risk of water dropout leading to wet CO2 corrosion risks. As the pipeline is then subsequently pressurized, the conversion of lower density gaseous CO2 to higher density liquid CO2 can be an unexpected constraint to commissioning schedule estimates, taking an order of magnitude longer than simple linear predictions might estimate.
This paper presents case studies around these challenges, example methods of assessment for predicting these behaviors, and examples of the design and operational levers available to the project design team to plan around these challenges for successful pipeline commissioning.
The case studies and example assessment methods presented in this paper consider:
The impact that the source of CO2 has, comparing liquid CO2 from vessel transport conditions vs CO2 sourced directly from an emitter. The impact of fluid impurities, comparing a CO2-rich fluid (96 mol% CO2) to a pure CO2 fluid. Dehydration requirements of first fill. The effectiveness that heating the CO2 or sourcing the CO2 from a higher temperature source has on mitigating low temperatures. The effectiveness of increasing the initial pipeline pressure through an initial partial pressurization with dry air or nitrogen. Constraints that may occur due to repurposing an existing hydrocarbon pipeline as compared to a new greenfield pipeline.
TMCP Linepipe Materials, Welding Specifications and their Applications in NACE Region 3 Severe Sour Service
Authors: Yip H. W. , Ahamad E. F. , Ong H. G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Large diameter TMCP (Thermo-Mechanically Controlled Process) pipeline steel has been used widely in the past for NACE sour service pipelines application successfully. TMCP pipeline material has the benefits of good mechanical properties, good weldability, and cost competitive over alternate material such as Quench and Temper (Q&T) steel, especially for large diameter and long-distance pipeline. However, the recent pipeline project incident has shown detrimental local variations in the TMCP mechanical properties i.e., increased ID surface hardness leading to Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) from the Local Hard Zones (LHZ) or hard spots. This has led to the concerns over the use of TMCP steels on severe sour service in NACE region 3 application. This paper is to share the recent works carried out by the steel mill and Company on the use of TMCP steels for severe sour NACE region 3 application, and to address the potential risk of SSC by implementing the number of control measures e.g. Steel mill TMCP optimization, the steel plate surface hard spot detection system implementation, material specification in term of strength, line-pipe ECA, laybarge welding technique adopted and early welding qualification specifications. This paper also addresses control measures that have been in placed in minimizing the risk TMCP material deterioration during pipeline girth weld application.
Powering Offshore Field Development Project with Renewable Energy
Authors: Sio Julian , Tawie Mervin , Chan Nigel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the various initiatives taken during different project phases in enabling the main power generation from both offshore platform and Onshore Gas Plant (OGP) to be derived from renewable energy sources such as solar power and hydropower. For offshore platform, during front end stage, the project team embarked on the journey to convert a carbon-intensive power generation in the form of Micro Turbine Generator (MTG) to fully solar powered system. Rigorous load reduction from various disciplines such as Instrument and Subsea was key in enabling the fully solar powered solution for offshore platform. Besides, electrical load segregation especially during manned and unmanned scenario was also crucial in reducing overall electrical load during normal operation. For OGP, evaluation was performed during front end between self-generation and tie-in electrical power from the grid. The evaluation considered possibility of renewable energy opportunities through grid power such as the grid's majority hydropower composition and the availability of Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) from the state utility company. During execute phase, initiatives such as encouraging contractors to tie-in grid power instead of utilizing diesel generators during fabrication also contributed to the overall Green House Gases (GHG) emissions reduction of the project.
Characterizing Slug Flow in Offshore Gas Condensate Fields: A Fit-For-Purpose Approach for Assessing Mechanical Integrity
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroaki , Furuichi Naoto , Zhang Jeff , Jagannatha Deepak 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the intricate challenges of accurately simulating slug flow in pipelines, particularly in cases exacerbated by potential chemical contamination. Such complex scenarios can be challenging to replicate with state of art simulation tools, underscoring the significance of the methodology presented in this paper. Far from being purely theoretical, this approach was applied effectively in a real-world field operation, demonstrating its practical applicability and relevance. The proposed fit-for purpose methodology encompasses three critical stages:
Detailed Characterization of Slug Flow: This step is essential for gaining a thorough understanding of slug flow characteristics. Simulation Integration: Implementing the characterized slug flow into simulation software to accurately replicate observed slug behavior. Preparation of Process Data: This involves generating process data for mechanical assessment, guided by modeling that is benchmarked against actual field observations.
This paper not only presents a tailored methodology for handling such complex flow scenarios but also details a real-world case study where this approach was successfully employed. In the case study, the artificial slug generation technique was pivotal in pinpointing the location and volume of the slug, thereby facilitating the preparation of crucial process data for mechanical assessments, particularly for areas of interest such as free spans. Despite the uncertainty surrounding the exact root cause of the slug flow, potentially linked to chemical contamination during a planned maintenance campaign, this methodology proved effective in overcoming the constraints of conventional simulation tools. The successful implementation of this methodology in a field operation not only validates its practicality but also suggests its potential for wider adoption in the industry. It stands as a testament to the methodology's capability to address and resolve complex flow challenges in pipeline systems.
Benzydamine hydrochloride ameliorates ethanol-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by stabilizing redox homeostasis
Authors: Dasgupta Tiasha , Manickam Venkatraman 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the protective effect of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Methods:
RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with ethanol (100 mM) and benzydamine hydrochloride (7.5 μM). The inflammatory status was confirmed by measuring pro-(TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines through ELISA and RT-PCR assays. Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated to study the protective role of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Apoptosis detection was also investigated using flow cytometry and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.

Results:
Benzydamine hydrochloride significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species inside the cells, thereby stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing DNA fragmentation. The ethanol-induced cellular necrosis was also reversed by the administration of benzydamine hydrochloride.

Conclusions:
Benzydamine hydrochloride ameliorates ethanol-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation in RAW macrophages.
Restorative antiaging influence and chemical profile of Prunus domestica L. (European plum) seed extract in a D-galactose-induced rat model
Authors: El Sawi Salma A. , Elbatanony Marwa M. , El-Feky Amal M. , Ibrahim Mohamed E. , Aly Hanan F. 
Published: February 2024

Background

Prunus domestica L., also known as European plums or prunes, is a member of the Rosaceae family. Recently, fruit byproducts like seeds have been used as a novel and affordable source of bioactive compounds that may be an affordable source of substances. These substances hold potential benefit to the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Objective
The study aims to evaluate the chemical composition of P. domestica L. seeds and their safety and efficiency as an antiaging agent.

Materials and methods
The phenolic content in ethanolic seed extract was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and β-carotene concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) negative ion mode was carried out to investigate the phytoconstituents, in addition to the isolation of the main active compounds on preparative TLC as well as evaluation of cognitive capabilities, measurement of antioxidants and neurotransmitters and histopathological brain examination.

Results and conclusion
The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic extract were 136.55 mg GAE/g and 89 mg CE/g, respectively. Also, high performance liquid chromatography analysis led to the identification of β-carotene as the main natural pigment (59.376 mg/100 g), followed by chlorophyll b (41.745 mg/100 g) and finally chlorophyll a (20.824 mg/100 g). In addition, UPLC/ESI-MS analysis using the negative ion mode led to the identification of 24 compounds, including two flavonols, one flavanone, two flavones, 10 flavonoid-O-glycosides, two methylated flavonoids, one isoflavonoidC-glycosides, two phenolic acids, two aldehydes, one stilbene, and one coumarin. Preparative TLC chromatographic technique for ethanolic P. domestica seed extract resulted in the isolation of γ-tocopherol, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, luteolin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The ethanolic extract proved to have a remarkable scavenging effect against 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl in a dose-dependent manner compared with vitamin C. Improvement in behavioral assessment was noticed posttreatment of rats with the extract suggesting amelioration in cognitive ability and spatial memory of rats compared with standard drug. In addition, noticeable improvements were observed in neurotransmitter levels, acetylcholinesterase, noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin, in the brain tissue of aged rats. Besides, remarkable improvements in oxidative stress biomarkers (nitric oxide, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxide, total antioxidant capacity) and in histopathological pictures of different brain regions posttreatment of aged rats with the extract compared with donepezil standard drug were recorded.
Comparison of nasal and face mask ventilation in anaesthetised obese adults: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Singh Gyan , Luthra Neeru , Jain Richa , Grewal Anju , Garg Shubham , Mann Livleen Deep 
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims:
The use of a face mask while inducing general anaesthesia (GA) in obese patients is often ineffective in providing adequate ventilation. Although nasal mask ventilation has demonstrated effectiveness for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), it has not yet been applied to the induction of anaesthesia. This study evaluated the efficacy of nasal mask ventilation against standard face mask ventilation in anaesthetised obese patients with body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m2.

Methods:
Ninety adult patients with BMI >25 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to receive either facemask (Group FM) or nasal-mask (Group NM) ventilation during induction of GA. Expired tidal volume (VtE), air leak, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), plateau pressure (PPLAT), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) were recorded for10 breaths, and their mean was analysed.

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) VtE measured was not significantly higher in Group NM [455.98 (55.64) versus 436.90 (49.50) mL, P = 0.08, degree of freedom (df):88, mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) −19.08 (−41.14, 2.98) mL]. Mean air-leak [16.44 (22.16) versus 31.63 (21.56) mL, P = 0.001, df: 88, mean difference 95%CI: 15.19 (6.03,24.35)], mean PIP [14.79 (1.39) versus 19.94 (3.05) cmH2O, P = 0.001, df: 88, mean difference, 95%CI: 5.15 (4.16, 6.14)], and mean PPLAT [12.04 (1.21) versus 16.66 (2.56) cmH2O, P = 0.001, df: 88, mean difference 95% CI: 4.62 (3.78, 5.45)] were significantly lower in Group NM. EtCO2, SpO2, and haemodynamic measurements were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Nasal mask ventilation is an effective ventilation method and can be used as an alternative to face mask ventilation in anaesthetised obese adults with BMI>25 kg/m2.
Effect of ultrasound-guided bilateral superficial cervical plexus block versus perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: A randomised double-blind comparative trial
Authors: Yang Xiaoqian , Yang Hui , Li Mengci , Zhu Kairun , Shen Lulu , Xie Chenglan 
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims:
Recent studies have found that ultrasound-guided (USG) bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) and intravenous infusion of lidocaine (IVL) have the potential to improve the quality of postoperative recovery. This study aimed to investigate and compare their effects on postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Methods:
A total of 135 patients were randomised to Group N: BSCPB with 10 mL 0.75% ropivacaine on each side, Group L: intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg for 10 min, followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h) and Group C: intravenous saline combined with BSCPB saline. The primary objective was quality of recovery-40 (QoR-40). Other parameters compared were numeric rating pain scale (NRS) score, haemodynamic data, opioid dosage and incidence of adverse effects. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Chi-square test.

Results:
Compared to Group C, both groups N and L had higher QoR-40 total scores as well as scores indicating physical comfort, emotional state and pain dimensions on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD2 (P < 0.001). The QoR-40 total and pain dimension scores in Group N were higher on POD1 and POD2 (P < 0.05). The NRS scores and the change in haemodynamics were lower in Group N compared to groups L and C (P < 0.05). The results of other parameters were lower in groups N and L than in Group C (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
USG BSCPB and IVL are comparable in improving the quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
Lifestyle Intervention Improves Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Scheffers Linda Elisabeth , Beyene M. , Utens E. M. W. J. , Dieleman G. C. , Walet Sylvia , Toussaint-Duyster L. C. C. , Pijnenburg Marielle W. , Berg L. E. M. van den ,   On Behalf of the Rotterdam Exercise Team
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Exercise capacity in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is lower compared to healthy peers. We aimed to improve maximal exercise capacity using a combined lifestyle intervention in children with BPD.

Methods:
This semi-cross-over randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a combined intervention of high-intensity interval training, healthy diet recommendations, and psychological support in children with BPD. Effects were measured on (sub) maximal exercise capacity, lung function, muscle strength, core stability, physical activity levels, quality of life, fatigue, fear of exercise, caloric intake, energy balance, and body composition using a generalized estimation approach.

Results:
Fourteen children with BPD, median age 8.0 years (interquartile range: 7.7–8.9), 8 males, participated. At baseline, all patients had peak oxygen (VO2)/kg, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) within normal limits. These parameters did not increase significantly after the intervention compared to the control period (effect size peak VO2/Kg + 3.1 ml/kg/min [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.4–6.7], P = 0.076, FVC z-score + 0.67 [95% CI − 0.1–1.4] P = 0.082, and FEV1 z-score + 0.53 [95% CI − 0.13–1.19] P = 0.117). Peak load and peak ventilation on the maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test and walked distance on the 6-min walking test increased significantly compared to the control period (respectively, +14 watt [95% CI 10–18], P < 0.001, +7 L/min [95% CI 2–12], P = 0.009 and + 45 m [95% CI 1–90], P = 0.046). Both self-reported and parent-reported quality of life improved significantly in five domains (including the physical functioning domain).

Conclusion:
A 12-week combined lifestyle intervention improved peak load and peak ventilation, walk distance, and quality of life in children with BPD.
Reference Values of Chest Expansion among Healthy Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Phulgirkar Pranjali , Sahasrabudhe Prajakta , Shayam Ashok , Sancheti Parag 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective:
Examination of the chest wall movement during breathing provides valuable insight into the function of a person’s respiratory system. Chest mobility and lung function may be altered due to growth, body composition, and respiratory disease. Preliminary baseline values for measuring chest expansion were obtained for healthy adult Indians. However, because the rib configuration of children differs from that of an adult, reference values for children need to be established.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, chest expansion was measured at three levels – second rib, fourth rib, and xiphisternum (R2, R4, and xiphisternum level which was marked at the lower end of the body of the sternum) – in 720 children aged 5–12 years using a nonstretchable measuring tape. The difference between chest circumference at maximum expiration and maximum inspiration was recorded as the value of chest expansion. Out of three, one best value and not an average value was considered a chest expansion measurement at each level.

Results:
Three subgroups were made: 5–7 years, 8–10 years, and 11–12 years. Results were documented and presented as mean and standard deviation for each subgroup. The reference values for chest expansion among healthy children in the age group of 5–12 years are 2.5 cm–3.2 cm at the R2 level, 3.1 cm–3.7 cm at the R4 level, and 3.8 cm–4.1 cm at the xiphisternum level.

Conclusions:
The chest expansion for different age groups among healthy children was different.