bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size control of InP nanowires by in situ annealing and its application to the formation of InAsP quantum dots
Authors: Sasaki Masahiro , Akamatsu Tomoya , Tomioka Katsuhiro , Motohisa Junichi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We carried out in situ annealing of InP nanowires (NWs) in a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxial (MOVPE) growth reactor to control and reduce the tip size of InP NWs. InP NWs were grown by selective-area (SA) MOVPE on partially masked (111)A InP substrates, and annealing was successively applied in tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) ambient. Initially, the InP NWs had a hexagonal cross-section with

{
11

2

¯

}

facets vertical to the substrates; they became tapered, and the edges were rounded by annealing. By appropriately selecting the annealing temperature and initial NW diameter, the tip size of the NW was reduced and NWs with a tip size of 20 nm were successfully formed. Subsequently, a thin InAsP layer was grown on the annealed NWs and their photoluminescence was investigated at low temperatures. The characterization results indicated the formation of InAsP quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the telecom band. Our approach is useful for reducing the size of the NWs and for the controlled formation of InAsP QDs embedded in InP NWs in photonic devices compatible with telecom bands.
Increasing gold nanostars SERS response with silver shells: a surface-based seed-growth approach
Authors: Parmigiani Miriam , Schifano Veronica , Taglietti Angelo , Galinetto Pietro , Albini Benedetta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A straightforward method to prepare surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) chips containing a monolayer of silver coated gold nanostars (GNS@Ag) grafted on a glass surface is introduced. The synthetic approach is based on a seed growth method performed directly on surface, using GNS as seeds, and involving a green pathway, which only uses silver nitate, ascorbic acid and water, to grow the silver shell. The preparation was optimized to maximize signals obtaining a SERS response of one order of magnitude greater than that from the original GNS based chips, offering in the meantime good homogeneity and acceptable reproducibility. The proposed GNS@Ag SERS chips are able to detect pesticide thiram down to 20 ppb.
Atomic ordered doping leads to enhanced sensitivity of phosgene gas detection in graphene nanoribbon: a quantum DFT approach
Authors: Deji R , Nagy G N , Choudhary B C , Sharma Ramesh K , Kashyap Manish K , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We explore a novel sensor for detection of phosgene gas by graphene derivatives such as pristine and doped graphene nanoribbons via first principles calculations. The interaction of phosgene molecule with various edge and center doped configurations of boron, phosphorus and boron-phosphorus co-doped armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) and zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) is investigated through density functional theory (DFT). P-doped systems showcase chemisorption, displaying enhanced sensitivity to phosgene detection as reflected by a more negative adsorption energy values, accompanied by a prominent charge transfer due to the doping. Regardless of nanoribbon geometry, the binding energies of P-doped systems exhibit notable uniformity within the range of −8.01 eV to −8.49 eV, however the adsorption energies in ZGNR are significantly lower than those observed in AGNR. Due to much higher(lower) electron-donating (accepting) capacity of phosphorous(boron) atoms in comparison to ‘C’ atom, substitutional doping with ‘P’ or ‘B’ atoms in AGNR has signifiant impact on the structural, electronic and adsorption properties of the nanoribbons. We observe that phosphorus doped configurations (edge/center) effectively interact with phosgene molecule with higher adsorption that corresponds to the chemisorption phenomenon. The strongest adsorption energy (−8.83 eV) is obtained for P doped configurations, followed by that for B+P co-doped AGNR (−4.23 eV). These results suggest significantly stronger adsorption of phosgene gas on P doped AGNR than on any other systems reported so far. Band structure analysis estimates that by phosphorus doping, changes in the band gap is significant and it also shows prominent changes in the band structures. Isosurface electronic charge density plots identify that the transfer of charge takes place from graphene system to phosgene molecule. Thus, significant variation in adsorption and electronic properties of P doped AGNR reveal that these geometries immensely promote the detection of phosgene gas, and may be considered as promising chemical sensor for phosgene removal.
Analysis of charged hadrons’ transverse momentum distributions in p + Pb and Xe + Xe collisions at LHC energies
Authors: Rehman Abdur , Khan Imran , Naseebullah  , Zaman Ali , Olimov Kh K , Iqbal Akhtar , Iqbal Mudasir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper is focused on comparative analysis of transverse momentum (

p

T

) distributions across two different sets of experimental data from ALICE at the LHC, juxtaposing with the Monte-Carlo models EPOS-LHC and EPOS 1.99 simulations. The chosen collision sets have approximately same per nucleon energy. We analyze the transverse momentum spectra of hadrons (

π

+

+

π

−

,

K

+

+

K

−

and

p
+

p
¯

) in p+Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=

5.02 TeV, and Xe + Xe collisions at

s

N
N

=

5.44 TeV spanning a rapidity range of 0 < yCM < 0.5, centrality of 0 to 5% (the most central or head-on collisions). Analysis of the Hadrons yield is crucial for understanding the mechanism of underlying hadronization in the hot and dense quark matter produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of hydrodynamic models EPOS-LHC and EPOS-1.99. It is notably found that the maximum yields of various particles occur at low

p

T

.

Furthermore, the comparison showed a slightly better agreement between experimental results and the predictions of the EPOS-LHC as opposed to that of EPOS-1.99. The EPOS-LHC model significantly shows an enhanced agreement with experimental results in the case of Xe+Xe collisions as compared to p+Pb collisions.
The evolution of the duckweed ionome mirrors losses in structural complexity
Authors: Smith Kellie E , Zhou Min , Flis Paulina , Jones Dylan H , Bishopp Anthony , Yant Levi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The duckweeds (Lemnaceae) consist of 36 species exhibiting impressive phenotypic variation, including the progressive evolutionary loss of a fundamental plant organ, the root. Loss of roots and reduction of vascular tissues in recently derived taxa occur in concert with genome expansions of ≤14-fold. Given the paired loss of roots and reduction in structural complexity in derived taxa, we focus on the evolution of the ionome (whole-plant elemental contents) in the context of these fundamental changes in body plan. We expect that progressive vestigiality and eventual loss of roots might have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences that are hitherto unknown.

Methods
We quantified the ionomes of 34 accessions in 21 species across all duckweed genera, spanning 70 Myr in this rapidly cycling plant (doubling times are as rapid as ~24 h). We related both micro- and macroevolutionary ionome contrasts to body plan remodelling and showed nimble microevolutionary shifts in elemental accumulation and exclusion in novel accessions.

Key Results
We observed a robust directional trend in calcium and magnesium levels, decreasing from the ancestral representative Spirodela genus towards the derived rootless Wolffia, with the latter also accumulating cadmium. We also identified abundant within-species variation and hyperaccumulators of specific elements, with this extensive variation at the fine (as opposed to broad) scale.

Conclusions
These data underscore the impact of root loss and reveal the very fine scale of microevolutionary variation in hyperaccumulation and exclusion of a wide range of elements. Broadly, they might point to trade-offs not well recognized in ionomes.
Considerations for developing and implementing a safe list for alien taxa
Authors: Kumschick Sabrina , Fernandez Winzer Laura , McCulloch-Jones Emily J , Chetty Duran , Fried Jana , Govender Tanushri , Potgieter Luke J , Rapetsoa Mokgatla C , Richardson David M , van Velden Julia , Van der Colff Dewidine , Miza Siyasanga , Wilson John R U 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany species have been intentionally introduced to new regions for their benefits. Some of these alien species cause damage, others do not (or at least have not yet). There are several approaches to address this problem: prohibit taxa that will cause damage, try to limit damages while preserving benefits, or promote taxa that are safe. In the present article, we unpack the safe list approach, which we define as “a list of taxa alien to the region of interest that are considered of sufficiently low risk of invasion and impact that the taxa can be widely used without concerns of negative impacts.” We discuss the potential use of safe lists in the management of biological invasions; disentangle aspects related to the purpose, development, implementation, and impact of safe lists; and provide guidance for those considering to develop and implement such lists.
Oystershell scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) population growth, spread, and phenology on aspen in Arizona, USA
Authors: Crouch Connor D , Hofstetter Richard W , Grady Amanda M , Edwards Nylah N S , Waring Kristen M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Oystershell scale (OSS; Lepidosaphes ulmi L.) is an invasive insect that threatens sustainability of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the southwestern United States. OSS invasions have created challenges for land managers tasked with maintaining healthy aspen ecosystems for the ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits they provide. Active management is required to suppress OSS populations and mitigate damage to aspen ecosystems, but before management strategies can be implemented, critical knowledge gaps about OSS biology and ecology must be filled. This study sought to fill these gaps by addressing 3 questions: (i) What is the short-term rate of aspen mortality in OSS-infested stands in northern Arizona, USA? (ii) What are the short-term rates of OSS population growth on trees and OSS spread among trees in aspen stands? (iii) What is the phenology of OSS on aspen and does climate influence phenology? We observed high levels of aspen mortality (annual mortality rate = 10.4%) and found that OSS spread rapidly within stands (annual spread rate = 10–12.3%). We found first, second, and young third instars throughout the year and observed 2 waves of first instars (i.e., crawlers), one throughout the summer and a second in mid-winter. The first wave appeared to be driven by warming seasonal temperatures, but the cause of the second wave is unknown and might represent a second generation. We provide recommendations for future OSS research, including suggestions for more precise quantification of OSS phenology, and discuss how our results can inform management of OSS and invaded aspen ecosystems.
Transcribing in the digital age: qualitative research practice utilizing intelligent speech recognition technology
Authors: Eftekhari Helen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The digital revolution provides many opportunities for researchers to develop and evolve data collection methods. A key process in qualitative research data collection is the transcription of interviews, focus groups or fieldwork notes. Transcription is the process of converting audio, video or notes into accessible written format for qualitative data analysis. Transcribing can be time intensive, costly and laborious with decisions and methods of transcribing requiring transparency. The development of intelligent speech recognition technology can change how qualitative data is transcribed. This methods paper describes audio data transcribing, current challenges, opportunities and implications in using intelligent speech recognition technology for transcribing. An application of this methodology is presented.
A probabilistic solution to geophysical inverse problems in complex variables and its application to complex resistivity imaging
Authors: Hase Joost , Weigand Maximilian , Kemna Andreas 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
We introduce a novel probabilistic framework for the solution of non-linear geophysical inverse problems in complex variables. By using complex probability distributions, this approach can simultaneously account for individual errors of real and imaginary data parts, independently regularize real and imaginary parts of the complex model, and still take into account cross-sensitivities resulting from a complex forward calculation. The inverse problem is solved by means of optimization. An application of the framework to complex resistivity (CR) imaging demonstrates its advantages over the established inversion approach for CR measurements. We show that CR data, with real and imaginary parts being subject to different errors, can be fitted adequately, accounting for the individual errors and applying independent regularization to the real and imaginary part of the subsurface conductivity. The probabilistic framework itself serves as a basis for the future application of global sampling approaches, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
Programmed differently? Testing for gender differences in Python programming style and quality on GitHub
Authors: Brooke Siân 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The underrepresentation of women in open-source software is frequently attributed to women’s lack of innate aptitude compared to men: natural gender differences in technical ability (Trinkenreich et al., 2021). Approaching code as a form of communication, I conduct a novel empirical study of gender differences in Python programming on GitHub. Based on 1,728 open-source projects, I ask if there is a gender difference in the quality and style of Python code measured in adherence to PEP-8 guidelines. I found significant gender differences in structure and how Python files are organized. While there is gendered variation in programming style, there is no evidence of gender difference in code quality. Using a Random Forest model, I show that the gender of a programmer can be predicted from the style of their Python code. The study concludes that gender differences in Python code are a matter of style, not quality.
Comparison of the timing of spring phenological events between phenological garden trees and wild populations
Authors: Sweeney Calum J , Butler Fidelma , Wingler Astrid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Phenological research is engaged in monitoring the influence of climate change on the natural environment. The International Phenological Gardens (IPG) network provides a valuable dataset of standardized tree phenology records dating back to the mid-20th century. To make best use of this actively growing record, it is important to investigate how network data can be applied to predict the timing of phenological events in natural populations. This study compared clonally propagated IPG downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) and hazel (Corylus avellana L.) specimens of central European provenance to nearby wild populations at the western-most margin of the IPG network, in the south-west of Ireland. In addition to monitoring by trained scientists, observations by citizen scientists were included. The order of the timing of phenological events among sites was consistent across 2 years, confirming reproducibility of the results. IPG trees had the earliest B. pubescens leaf unfolding and C. avellana flowering dates of the sites studied. In addition, leaf unfolding occurred later in the wild populations than expected from the temperature responses of the B. pubescens and C. avellana IPG clones. Natural variation in phenology also exceeded the historical change observed at the IPG site, suggesting a potential genetic basis for climate adaptation. Trunk circumference, reflecting the age-dependent increase in tree size, was found to influence C. avellana phenology, with earlier timing of phenological events in larger trees. This finding highlights tree size as an important consideration in the management of phenological gardens and tree phenology research in general.
Introduction for Facilitators
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls, an anger management and aggression reduction treatment designed for adolescent girls and young women placed in residential juvenile justice facilities. The treatment program lasts for eight weeks and comprises 16 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral group intervention. The chapter points out that girls and young women involved in the juvenile justice system are likely to have symptoms of mental illness and histories of trauma. It highlights the significance of anger management treatment to the mental health needs of female youth in the justice system. Trauma, cultural differences, and substance use are additional factors that need to be considered when administering the treatment program.
Is Anger Normal?
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the first session of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this psychoeducational session the facilitators will present the purpose and structure of the group and the roles of the facilitators and group members. The session activities include an icebreaker, introduction, getting acquainted, role-play, setting ground rules, and wrap-up. The goal is for the participants to understand the importance of trust and getting to know each other. The chapter offers possible scripts, materials, and sequences for the activities and explains the purpose of the exercises. Facilitators are encouraged to provide specific individual praise to each participant at the end of the session.
Introduction to Social Aggression
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers Session 3 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. This session introduces the concept of social aggression. The facilitators discuss the price the girls might pay when they are the aggressor in a situation, such as losing a friendship or losing support. The participants learn that social aggression can cause just as many problems for them as physical aggression. The chapter provides materials, preparation, and activities for the session. The session also includes role-plays of anger and a social aggression sharing activity. Scripts for facilitators are provided to guide the girls through the process, and specific individual praise is provided at the end of the session.
Communication
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides the facilitator materials for Session 10 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. This session focuses on communication skills. Facilitators teach the participants how to talk to other people without ruining their relationships. The girls also learn how to be good listeners. “I” statements are preferred over “you” statements when expressing feelings. The Session 10 catch phrase is “Don’t fight, give it a try; use statements beginning with ‘I.’” The goal sheet encourages participants to communicate their feelings to improve their relationships while simultaneously controlling their tempers.
Preparing for Our Futures
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides the facilitator materials for Session 14 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. This session emphasizes the importance of asking for help. The girls will discuss their support systems and how the important people in their lives can help them stay out of trouble. The facilitators will help the participants set goals for themselves as motivation to stay on the right track after they leave the facility. The Session 14 catch phrase is “I’ll have nothing to dread if I plan ahead.” The goal sheet focuses on the importance of getting help in using the tools that the participants learned throughout the program. The participants are encouraged to identify a person outside the facility who they think will be able to help them stay on the right track by using their tools.
Triggers of Anger
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the participant materials for Session 6 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the girls will discuss the different triggers of anger and how they can avoid them. The participants identify their own hot persons, hot places, and hot things. The chapter also provides examples of situations where they can practice avoiding triggers of anger. One example is when a friend invites them to hang out in the parking lot after school; since the parking lot is a hot place for them, the right thing to do is to avoid it.
Identifying Options and Consequences
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the participant materials for Session 12 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the girls learn to identify options and consequences of different reactions to anger. The material reviews the tools for solving problems. The participant feedback form allows participants to reflect on examples of situations where they can practice identifying the prices or rewards of reactions to anger. An example is when a girl gets really mad at a staff member for yelling at her for talking too loud; it is useful for her to think about which coping tools have helped her to calm down in the past, such as self-talk.
Can I Be a Star?
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the participant materials for Session 15 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. In this session the girls will review catch phrases and visuals, as well as the goal sheet from the previous session. The session also allows participants to think about and set goals. The point of this session is to practice all of the skills that the participants have learned and to act them out. The girls will write a play using the coping tools for controlling anger. The participant feedback form allows participants to assess everything that they have learned, which will help them when they feel angry in the future.