bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Core Physics and Machine Learning for Improved Parameter Prediction in Boiling Water Reactor Operations
Authors: Oktavian M. Rizki , Nistor Jonathan , Gruenwald J. Thomas , Xu Yunlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study introduces a novel method for enhancing Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) operation simulations by integrating machine learning (ML) models with conventional simulation techniques. The ML model is trained to identify and correct errors in low-fidelity simulation outcomes, traditionally derived from core physics computations. These corrections aim to align the low-fidelity results closely with high-fidelity data. Precise predictions of nuclear reactor parameters like core eigenvalue and power distribution are crucial for efficient fuel management and adherence to technical specifications. Current high-fidelity transport calculations, while accurate, are impractical for real-time predictions due to extensive computational demands. Our approach, therefore, utilizes the standard two-step simulation process—assembly-level lattice physics calculations followed by whole-core nodal diffusion computations—to generate initial results, which are then refined using the ML-based error correction model. The methodology focuses on improving simulation accuracy in regular BWR operations rather than developing a universal ML predictor for reactor physics. This work suggests a promising approach for achieving more accurate, computationally feasible simulation solutions in nuclear reactor operation and management.
A novel IN718 superalloy of superior mechanical properties designed by the first principle and D-electron theory
Authors: Li Rui , Chen Mingzhi , wang Zhandong , Bi Kedong , Sun Guifang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A novel IN718 superalloy has been designed based on the commercial IN718 alloy to improve its service performance in the aerospace field. Firstly, first principle calculations were performed to determine the total energy, formation enthalpy, and binding energy of the γ-Ni phase, Laves-Fe2Nb phase, and γ-Ni/Fe2Nb interface model doped with Co, Cr, Mo, V, and Zr atoms in IN718 superalloy. The calculation results reveal the influence of various atoms doping on the typical phases of the IN718 superalloy. Secondly, 8488 group’s suitable alloy composition data were selected from 831600 group’s datasets by D-electron theory and Python programs. Subsequently, the optimal alloy components were determined by thermodynamic calculations using the control variable. Finally, molecular dynamics tensile simulations and mechanical properties tests were conducted to validate the mechanical properties of the optimized superalloy. This entire calculation process serves as a reference for designing other alloy compositions.
Temporal variation in phenoloxidase enzyme activity in haemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS) of grubs of Oryctes rhinoceros
Authors: Marieshwari Balashanmuga Nehru , Keerthana Chitti Babu , Janarthanan Sundaram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The phenoloxidase (PO) cascade is a significant component of the innate immune mechanism of insects, involved in melanization, sclerotization, wound healing and melanotic encapsulation. In this paper, we examined the nature of PO activity released from the haemocytes of the grub of Oryctes rhinoceros, by preparing haemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS) without any anticoagulant, as most of it contains EDTA which is reported as one of the inhibitors of the PO enzyme. The empirical analysis performed using different phenolic substrates in order to characterize the appropriate substrate of HLS PO revealed that phenoloxidase from HLS maximally oxidized an o-diphenolic substrate, dopamine followed by a monophenolic substrate tyramine, indicating that PO from HLS belongs to tyrosinase like phenoloxidase type as they possess the properties of catalyzing both monophenolic and diphenolic substrates. Furthermore, maximum PO activity was observed at 5 min of incubation for all the tested substrates at various concentrations. The ideal pH and temperature for HLS PO activity developed using 10 mM dopamine was observed to be 9 and 20°C, respectively. Among the various chemical inhibitors tested, HLS PO activity was significantly reduced in the case of PTU followed by EDTA. Further, PO activity in HLS was found to be increased in vitro by exogenous proteases viz., trypsin and a-chymotrypsin and detergents such as SDS and CPC. In addition, the selective response of HLS PO to activation by different types of bacterial LPS tested, suggested that haemocytes PO serve an important function in non-self recognition and host immune reactions.
Projected changes in the frequency of compound events over tropical Brazil in CORDEX-CORE simulations
Authors: Alves Lincoln Muniz , Firpo Mári Ândrea Feldman , Bettolli Maria Laura , Hasson Shabeh ul , Guerron Oscar , Añazco Alex Avilés , Llopart Marta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Under global warming, extreme events have been increasing in the last decade and are projected to increase in the future with every increment of global warming. The potential increase in compound drought and hot events may induce a complex web of impacts on societies, ecosystems, and economies, including crop failure, wildfires, and water scarcity. This is particularly concerning for Brazil, where it has been demonstrated to be vulnerable to recent extreme climate events. Using an ensemble of CORDEX-CORE simulations over Tropical Brazil, we investigate changes in compound events in response to changes in radiative forcing and their impact on climate extreme events, including drought and extreme heat. The simulations are conducted at a 25 km horizontal grid spacing using lateral and lower boundary forcing from three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models. Each model covers the period from 1980 to 2100 under two Radiative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) in the 21st-century projection period. We used observed data from the Brazilian Daily Weather Gridded Data (BR-DWGD) to evaluate the simulations and perform a quantitative assessment of areas affected by these compound events during the present day. The study finds a strong agreement between RCM simulations and observed data, particularly in terms of precipitation, with high correlation coefficients. The analysis emphasizes the prevalence of compound climate events during the Austral summer season and projects a significant increase in both extreme heat and drought events in the coming decades. These findings underscore Brazil's vulnerability to compound climate events, highlighting the need for adaptive strategies and policy interventions to mitigate the socio-economic and environmental impacts across various sectors.
OPN promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via ERK/JNK pathway and M1 macrophage polarization in Rosacea
Authors: Tang Siyi , Hu Hao , Li Manhui , Zhang Kaoyuan , liu Xiaojuan , Wu Lin , Yu Bo , Chen Xiaofan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that involves dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune systems. Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein produced by a broad range of immune cells such as macrophages, keratinocytes, and T cells. OPN is significantly elevated in the epidermis of rosacea patients. However, the role of OPN in rosacea remains to be elucidated.
Methods: OPN knockout mice and WT mice were used to establish LL37-induced rosacea-like skin inflammation models. Histological analyses were performed to detect immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis. In addition, we study the mechanism of OPN in keratinocytes by OPN overexpression or deficiency. The co-culture assay was conducted to investigate keratinocyte-macrophage crosstalk in rosacea inflammation.
Results: In this study, it was found that OPN expression was significantly upregulated in rosacea patients and LL37-induced rosacea-like skin inflammation. OPN regulated pro-inflammatorycytokine IL1B and contributed macrophage polarizationtowards M1 phenotype in rosacea-like skin inflammation. In vitro, it was demonstrated that intracellular OPN (iOPN) promoted LL-37-induced IL1B productionthrough ERK1/2 and JNK pathways in keratinocytes . Moreover, secreted OPN (sOPN) played an important role in keratinocyte-macrophage crosstalk.
Conclusions: Our findings identified the different roles of sOPN and iOPN in the pathogenesis of rosacea, suggesting that OPN might be a promising therapeutic target in rosacea treatment.
Clinical Characteristics of Neuro-Behçet's Disease: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Center in a Third World Country
Authors: Chamoun Nadia , Bejjani Martine El , Ayoubi Nabil El , Hatab Taha , Hazimeh Dana , Ibrahem Michael , Merashli Mira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Behçet Disease (BD) is a complex, multi-systemic vasculitis characterized by inflammatory processes in blood vessels. Neuro-Behçet's Disease (NBD) represents a rare yet debilitating manifestation of BD, demanding a comprehensive understanding of its clinical features, prevalence, and distinction between parenchymal and non-parenchymal involvement.
Methods and Results
A retrospective observational study was conducted, spanning the years 2000 to 2022, involving 262 patients diagnosed with BD at a tertiary medical center in Lebanon. Neurological involvement was diagnosed based on International Consensus Recommendation criteria. Patients were stratified into groups based on NBD severity and subtypes, and clinical data, including demographics, manifestations, and genetic factors collected. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess NBD severity. Among the BD cohort, 10.3% were diagnosed with NBD. Clinical manifestations in NBD included prevalent neurological symptoms, with headaches, weakness, and dizziness being most frequent. The study found a similar prevalence of NBD between genders, contrary to some regional studies. Interestingly, HLA B51 positivity was observed in 83.3% of patients tested which were only sixty. Further stratification revealed a higher proportion of severe disease in parenchymal NBD compared to non-parenchymal cases.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and clinical characteristics of NBD in a Middle Eastern population. Despite challenges in diagnosis and limited prevalence, the findings underscore the need for ongoing research to enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and management of NBD. These insights contribute to the broader comprehension of BD, particularly in the context of the Middle East, emphasizing the significance of tailored approaches for effective patient care.
An Efficient Optimization Procedure for Reliability-Based Robust Multi-objective Design Applied to Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Cassimiro Jonathan Justino Ápos , Nascimento Jacqueline Cristine Messias do , Motta Renato de Siqueira , Silva Silvana Maria Bastos Afonso da 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Concrete structure designs use semi-probabilistic methods that apply safety factors to compensate for uncertainties, increasing loads and reducing resistances. While this ensures safety and reliability, probabilistic methods offer a more comprehensive approach by quantifying the probability of failure for a structure. We applied Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) and Reliability-Based Robust Multi-objective Design Optimization (RBRMDO) to a reinforced concrete linear plane frame. The study compared efficiency among procedures, considering accuracy, processing time, iterations, function evaluations, and Pareto point distribution quality. The main contribution lies in investigating various algorithm combinations to identify the most efficient and robust procedure for multi-objective optimization under uncertainties in concrete structure designs. The numerical methods Reliability Index Approach (RIA), Performance Measure Approach (PMA), Single-Loop Approach (SLA), and Sequential Optimization and Reliability Assessment (SORA) were coupled with Weighted Sum (WS) and Normal-Boundary Intersection (NBI) methods to build the Pareto frontier. The optimization used Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) through the Scipy library. The structural analysis employed the Finite Element Method (FEM) through the CasPy package. The reliability analysis employed the First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) for RIA and PMA through the Pystra package. SLA and SORA used a FORM routine implemented by us. HL-RF algorithm assessed the Most Probable Point (MPP) and finite differences calculated numerical derivatives. We tested four examples before the main design. SLA is the most efficient algorithm, and SORA presents excellent results. RIA and PMA underperformed in processing time and limit state function evaluations. NBI outperformed in the Pareto point distribution quality compared to WS.
Effect of abdominal aortic calcification on recurrence following initial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Imaoka Kouki , Ohira Masahiro , Shimomura Manabu , Hattori Minoru , Bekki Tomoaki , Sato Koki , Imaoka Yuki , Akabane Shintaro , Nakano Ryosuke , Yano Takuya , Sakai Hiroshi , Hirata Fumihiro , Kuroda Shintaro , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ide Kentaro , Ishiyama Kohei , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Yuka , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and patient prognosis following resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).
Summary background data: AAC potentially reflects intrahepatic immunity and is involved in tumor development and progression. However, the clinical effects of AAC on colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis after curative-intent liver resection for CRLM remain unclear.
Methods: We evaluated the effect of AAC on the clinical prognosis and metastatic patterns in 99 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM between 2010 and 2019.
Results: The high-AAC group had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and remnant liver recurrence rate (RR) after propensity score matching to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics of patients and tumors. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, high AAC volume was an independent risk factor for poor OS and liver RR, but not poor lung RR. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, known as an anti-tumor marker, in liver natural killer (NK) cells was lower in the high-AAC group than in the low-AAC group.
Conclusions: High AAC volume showed a strong relationship with remnant liver RR after curative resection of CRLM. High AAC volume may be responsible for the suppression of anti-tumor activity in liver NK cells, which results in an increased risk of liver recurrence and poor prognosis.
Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in Mice- Prophylactic supplementation of quercetin exerts hepatoprotective effect by modulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Lifeng , Zhao Qin , Huang Jing , Lei Shengping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous literature has confirmed the hepatoprotective properties of Quercetin. This current study seeks to examine the pre-protective function of Quercetin in Cadmium (Cd)-induced liver damage, along with its modulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. A total of 60 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control (C), quercetin (Q, 100 mg/kg/day), Cd(Cd, 2.5 mg/kg/day), and quercetin and Cd(Q+Cd).Before receiving chloride treatment, quercetin was administered intragastrically for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters, oxidative stress parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. We used histological analysis to track changes in the liver's histology. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of apoptotic components and criticalproteins in the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway to identify the pre-protective effects. We discovered that the body weight of the Cd-treated mice dramatically rose after 4 weeks of quercetin pre-administration, and the Cd concentration in serum significantly decreased. By examining the levels of the blood liver indicators alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), quercetin enhanced Cd-induced liver dysfunction. Additionally, it was demonstrated that quercetin reduced Cd-mediated liver injury in mice by assessing the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the histological alterations. By monitoring Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), quercetin successfully reduced the inflammatory cytokines that the Cd metal caused in the liver. Additionally, in the liver tissues of Cd-mediated, quercetin could enhance the expression of Bcl-2 and decrease the expression of p-Akt, p-PI3K, Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, NF-κB. This study demonstrates that quercetin pre-administration could reduce Cd-mediated liver damage by blocking the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways.
Client Preferences in Psychotherapy: A North American Survey
Authors: Abrams Mike , Grdinic Marija Milisavljevic , Chronos Agatha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Psychotherapy researchers have provided an expanding base of evidence that psychotherapy is effective in attenuating numerous psychological problems. Despite the extensive research demonstrating that talking can heal, it is still not precisely clear how it does so. The healing effect of psychotherapy has been attributed to two broad categories of interventions, the common factors and the specific factors. The common factors consist of all therapist actions or attitudes that promote a communicative relationship in which the client feels safe, understood, and validated. These factors are indeed common to all research-based psychotherapies, and any therapy modality that implements these factors tends to be effective. In contrast, specific factors are the interventions specific to therapeutic modalities. Despite extensive research into the specific factors of many therapies, the common factors were found to be at least as important in the therapy efficacy of all major therapeutic approaches. Given their role in therapy outcome, it would be beneficial to determine which common factors play the greatest role in therapy efficacy. Since most common factors are therapist attributes, this study explored which therapist attributes are preferred by clients. An online survey was conducted using a sample of 1011 North Americans who were questioned about their preferences. Psychotherapy clients preferred psychotherapists with empathic and emotional attributes, in addition to therapists with knowledge of neuroscience, personality psychology, and physiology. However, some groups, particularly those traditionally marginalized, seem to be even more sensitive to common factors, requiring therapists who are exceptionally empathic and able to sympathize with clients.
Predictive Characteristics and Model Development for Acute Heart Failure Preceding Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Hypertensive Patients: A Retrospective Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Yu Qili , FU Mingming , Wang Zhiqian , Hou Zhiyong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Hip fractures are a serious health concern among the elderly, particularly in patients with hypertension, where the incidence of acute heart failure preoperatively is high, significantly affecting surgical outcomes and prognosis. This study aims to assess the risk of preoperative acute heart failure in elderly patients with hypertension and hip fractures by constructing a predictive model using machine learning on potential risk factors.
Methods: A retrospective study design was employed, collecting preoperative data from January 2018 to December 2019 of elderly hypertensive patients with hip fractures at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Using SPSS 24.0 and R software, predictive models were established through LASSO regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The models' predictive performance was evaluated using metrics such as the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), and decision curve analysis (DCA), providing insights into the nomogram's predictive accuracy and clinical utility.
Results: Out of 1038 patients screened, factors such as gender, age, history of stroke, arrhythmias, anemia, and complications were identified as independent risk factors for preoperative acute heart failure in the study population. Notable predictors included Sex (OR 0.463, 95% CI 0.299-0.7184, P=0.001), Age (OR 1.737, 95% CI 1.213-2.488, P=0.003), Stroke (OR 1.627, 95% CI 1.137-2.327, P=0.008), Arrhythmia (OR 2.727, 95% CI 1.490-4.990, P=0.001), Complications (OR 2.733, 95% CI 1.850-4.036, P＜0.001), and Anemia (OR 3.258, 95% CI 2.180-4.867, P＜0.001). The model's AUC was 0.785 (95% CI, 0.754–0.815), and decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the nomogram's excellent performance in predicting the incidence of preoperative acute heart failure in elderly patients with hypertension and hip fractures.
Conclusion: The predictive model developed in this study is highly accurate and serves as a powerful tool for the clinical assessment of the risk of preoperative acute heart failure in elderly hypertensive patients with hip fractures, aiding in the optimization of preoperative risk assessment and patient management.
Color discrimination repetition distorts color representations
Authors: Horiuchi Suzuha , Nagai Takehiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Perceptual learning refers to the increase in perceptual sensitivity that results from several days of training on a perceptual task. Although perceptual learning has been shown to be effective in a variety of perceptual tasks, few studies have examined perceptual learning in color perception. In this study, we investigated how color discrimination training at a base color affected various aspects of color perception for entire hues. The training consisted of five days of S color discrimination (200 or 300 trials/day) at either the negative or positive L-M base color, depending on the observer groups. Before and after the training, three types of color perception tests (color difference, unique hue, and color category boundary) were conducted for colors with various hues to examine the changes in color perception due to the training. The results showed that the color discrimination thresholds in the training decreased as expected with repeated trials. Interestingly, the training also affected the performance of the three types of tests; the perceived color difference around the trained color tended to increase, and some of the unique hues and the color category boundaries shifted significantly toward the trained color. These results suggest that only a few days of color discrimination training can spill over to the entire color space and induce distortion of color representations in the visual system.
An Enhanced Method Based on LSTM and Regularized K-SVD for Source Number Estimation
Authors: Pan Qing , Jiang Huitang , Tian Nili , Ma Yechun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In complex environments with limited snapshots, most source number estimation algorithms encounter significant challenges. To address this issue, an enhancement method is proposed involving the integration of an optimized LSTM model with the regularized K-SVD algorithm.Initially, the optimization model is proposed based on the predictability of the LSTM sequence network. This model utilizes limited data to predict additional snapshots, thereby enhancing the covariance matrix of the signal. Subsequently, a sparse reconstruction algorithm based on the regularized K-SVD method is applied to effectively filter out noise, improving signal quality. The combination of the enhancement method with source number estimation techniques further boosts the performance of traditional algorithms. Experimental analysis confirms the superiority of the proposed enhancement method in colored noise environments. Simultaneously, in experiments with a limited number of snapshots, the proposed method significantly enhances estimation performance.