bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N24 Supporting psychosocial and emotional wellbeing and building resilience in family members of people with IBD: a co-design study
Authors: Thapwong P , Norton C , Rowland E , Czuber-Dochan W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
IBD affects the quality of life (QoL) of both the patient and their family members. Our previous systematic review and qualitative research study found that family members of IBD patients express a need for improved information about IBD, networking opportunities, and increased access to support services such as IBD nurses, counsellors, or psychologists. While existing studies recognise the challenges faced by family members, there is a lack of interventions to address their psychosocial and emotional burdens. Therefore, this study aims to co-design and develop an intervention to support family members’ psychosocial and emotional wellbeing and build familial and individual resilience.

Methods
The study employed co-design approach informed by Design Thinking to explore family members’ needs, prioritise problems, and generate ideas for developing the new intervention. The co-design process comprised two sequential online workshops with individuals with IBD (n=4), family members (n=9), and IBD nurses (n=2). Workshop data were recorded in both video and audio formats, and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results
The study identified two priority areas for supporting family members of individuals with IBD: information and psychosocial support. Within these domains, specific solutions were pinpointed: (1) Improving access to information related to IBD and facilitating easier adaptation to living with the condition — achievable through educational materials, online resources, or support groups. (2) Increasing opportunities for networking and peer support, feasible through online forums, support groups, or social events. (3) Enhancing access to professional support services, such as counselling or therapy, to provide coping mechanisms and necessary emotional support. Additionally, a logic model and a prototype for a web-based online resource, aimed at supporting psychosocial and emotional wellbeing, were developed.

Conclusion
This co-design process delineated support priorities for family members of people with IBD, as well as offering suggestions for interventions aimed at fostering family members’ psychosocial and emotional wellbeing while promoting familial and individual resilience. We now plan to test this novel intervention in a feasibility study.
N29 Patient evaluation of digital IBD care in patient initiated follow up pathway using MyIBD Care app and home calprotectin test
Authors: Whitehead E , Schranz J , Peaks H , Abbie F , Turnbull J , Robertson H , Sebastian S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Remote patient monitoring via web applications has been reported to have benefits with improvement in patient-reported quality of life, medication adherence, and decreased heath care costs. Mobile applications can be used for symptom reporting and this along with home biomarker testing can facilitate patient initiated follow up. There remain uncertainties in the acceptance of digital technologies in routine follow up care among IBD patients. We aimed to survey the pilot users of MyIBD care app and CalproSmart home calprotectin monitoring in an IBD cohort

Methods
Patients participating in the patient initiated follow up (PIFU) cohort in IBD Home digital care pathway at a tertiary IBD referral centre were included in this pilot survey before full roll out of the programme. Patients were given detailed written and electronic information about the pathway before signing up. Predefined survey questions were administered using electronic in app methodology. The survey questions were ranked in Likert scale from strongly agree, agree, neither agree or disagree, disagree and strongly disagree. Data reported as proportion of responses to each category.

Results
132 surveys were collected and analysed. Ninety three percent of responses understood the rationale for their inclusion to the digital pathway. Confidence in contacting the IBD team through digital pathway was reported in 89% of responses and 68% felt more in control of own condition. Eight six percent of patients understood the requirements for completing patient reported outcome measures and home calprotectin test while in the pathway and also felt confident in taking home calprotectin test. However only 44% felt closer to the clinical care team with the pathway.

Conclusion
Digital pathway incorporating a patient initiated follow up and self-monitoring is acceptable to IBD patients in stable remission with high satisfaction scores in all domains
ECCO Grant Untangling the gut phagosome dynamics of the relapse/remission cycle in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kulecka M , Claesson M , Shkoporov A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The course of ulcerative colitis (UC) is usually characterized by intertwining periods of remission and relapse. Most microbiome UC studies focus on the gut bacteriome. However, recent studies on animal models suggest that phage-mediated bacterial cell lysis may play a role in sustaining gut inflammation, proving the phageome (collection of bacteriophages) should not be ignored in this disease. Therefore, this project aims to: 1) characterize the gut phageome of patients with UC who suffer from frequent relapses, 2) compare temporal dynamics of gut the phageome between patients and healthy controls, 3) To model interactions between bacteriome, mycobiome, phageome on one hand, and lifestyle factors (diet, stress levels, medication) on the other 4) To infer host status (relapse versus remission of the disease) based on phageome composition, and using interactions inferred in Objective 3.

Methods
The cohort comprises 24 patients with UC (14 of whom suffered from relapse) and 10 healthy controls, with stool samples collected monthly for a year. Phageome profiling will be achieved via shotgun sequencing of phage genomes from the same stool samples. This dataset will be interrogated together with bacterial (16S rRNA) and fungal (ITS) amplicon data, which have just been generated. Available metadata include disease symptoms, diet, stress levels, work productivity, medication, and faecal calprotectin. Dynamic time-wrapping algorithms will be used to align time series of microbial members with similar temporal dynamics. Dynamic Bayesian Network modelling will infer interactions between microbiome members and predict future relapse.

Anticipated Impact
The phageome is the often neglected (“dark matter”) part of the microbiome, but has defining interactions with bacteria. We will expand knowledge on inter-species dynamics during relapse and remission cycles of UC. This will potentially lead to new microbiome-related relapse predictors, which may contribute to new prognostic tools in UC, and potentially inform therapeutic avenues.
Regularized regression can improve estimates of multivariate selection in the face of multicollinearity and limited data
Authors: Sztepanacz Jacqueline L , Houle David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The breeder’s equation, Δz¯=Gβ , allows us to understand how genetics (the genetic covariance matrix, G) and the vector of linear selection gradients β interact to generate evolutionary trajectories. Estimation of β using multiple regression of trait values on relative fitness revolutionized the way we study selection in laboratory and wild populations. However, multicollinearity, or correlation of predictors, can lead to very high variances of and covariances between elements of β, posing a challenge for the interpretation of the parameter estimates. This is particularly relevant in the era of big data, where the number of predictors may approach or exceed the number of observations. A common approach to multicollinear predictors is to discard some of them, thereby losing any information that might be gained from those traits. Using simulations, we show how, on the one hand, multicollinearity can result in inaccurate estimates of selection, and, on the other, how the removal of correlated phenotypes from the analyses can provide a misguided view of the targets of selection. We show that regularized regression, which places data-validated constraints on the magnitudes of individual elements of β, can produce more accurate estimates of the total strength and direction of multivariate selection in the presence of multicollinearity and limited data, and often has little cost when multicollinearity is low. We also compare standard and regularized regression estimates of selection in a reanalysis of three published case studies, showing that regularized regression can improve fitness predictions in independent data. Our results suggest that regularized regression is a valuable tool that can be used as an important complement to traditional least-squares estimates of selection. In some cases, its use can lead to improved predictions of individual fitness, and improved estimates of the total strength and direction of multivariate selection.
Forensic parasitology: a new frontier in criminalistics
Authors: Kwak Mackenzie L , Wallman James F , Yeo Darren , Archer Melanie S , Nakao Ryo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Parasites are ubiquitous, diverse, and have close interactions with humans and other animals. Despite this, they have not garnered significant interest from forensic scientists, and their utility as indicators in criminal investigations has been largely overlooked. To foster the development of forensic parasitology we explore the utility of parasites as forensic indicators in five broad areas: (i) wildlife trafficking and exploitation, (ii) biological attacks, (iii) sex crimes, (iv) criminal neglect of humans and other animals, and (v) indicators of movement and travel. To encourage the development and growth of forensic parasitology as a field, we lay out a four-step roadmap to increase the use and utility of parasites in criminal investigations.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Regulates the Phagocytosis of Microglia and Alleviate Alzheimer’s Pathology
Authors: Fan Ziqi , Zhang Xinyi , Zhao Shuai , Zhong Siyan , Li Zheyu , Yan Yaping , Zhang Baorong , Chen Yanxing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. They are involved in Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory responses, regulating the production of inflammatory mediators. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) plays a central role in inflammatory diseases in the periphery, the role of which in central nervous system remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of IRF5 in Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and the progression of Aβ pathology. We found that Aβ1–42 oligomers significantly increased the level of IRF5 in BV2 microglia. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly upregulated with Aβ treatment. IRF5 knockdown with siRNA in microglia significantly reduced the expression of these proinflammatory factors induced by Aβ and promoted Aβ phagocytosis. Besides, LC3 upregulation and p62 downregulation were observed in IRF5 knockdown microglia. This was also validated in APP/PS1 mice with IRF5 knockdown, leading to reduced Aβ levels in the brain. We conclude that IRF5 mediates Aβ-induced microglial inflammatory responses. IRF5 knockdown attenuated Aβ-induced inflammatory responses and promoted the phagocytosis and autophagy of Aβ by microglia.
Usable Cybersecurity: a Contradiction in Terms?
Authors: Furnell Steven 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Encounters and interactions with cybersecurity are now regular and routine experiences for information technology users across a variety of devices, systems and services. Unfortunately, however, despite long-term recognition of the importance of usability in the technology context, the user experience of cybersecurity and privacy is by no means guaranteed to address this criterion. This paper presents an outline of usability issues and challenges in the cybersecurity context, with examples of how it has (or indeed has not) evolved in some established contexts (looking in particular at web browsing and user authentication), as well as consideration of the extent to which any better attention is apparent within more recent and emerging technology contexts (considering the presentation of related features in scenarios including app stores and smart devices). Based on the evidence, cybersecurity is clearly yet to reach a stage where its mention would naturally imply usability, but at the same time the two concepts do not have to represent a contradiction in terms. The resulting requirement is for the increasing recognition of the issue to translate into a greater level of resulting attention and action.
Periventricular cyst as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in the context of intracranial haemorrhage: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Smith Leon E , Zeman Brian D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage with hydrocephalus frequently requires neurosurgical intervention, including ventriculoperitoneal shunting. We describe a periventricular cyst following the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a 67-year-old female patient. The patient was admitted for rehabilitation after a spontaneous left basal ganglia and diffuse intraventricular haemorrhage with hydrocephalus. Initial management included an extraventricular drain, followed by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. On Day 5 of rehabilitation, the patient was urgently reviewed for reduced level of consciousness. A cerebrospinal fluid cyst was identified around the shunt catheter, with subacute haemorrhage within the cyst. The patient underwent a successful shunt revision, with rapid improvement in consciousness and resolution of the cyst. This case highlights the importance of pericatheter cyst as a differential diagnosis in patients with altered neurological status following ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Early detection and surgical revision can lead to rapid resolution of symptoms and a favourable prognosis.
Flexible sensors with zero Poisson's ratio
Authors: Huang Xin , Bu Tianzhao , Zheng Qingyang , Liu Shaoyu , Li Yangyang , Fang Han , Qiu Yuqi , Xie Bin , Yin Zhouping , Wu Hao 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Flexible sensors have been developed for the perception of various stimuli. However, complex deformation, usually resulting from forces or strains from multi-axes, can be challenging to measure due to the lack of independent perception of multiaxial stimuli. Herein, flexible sensors based on the metamaterial membrane with zero Poisson's ratio (ZPR) are proposed to achieve independent detection of biaxial stimuli. By deliberately designing the geometric dimensions and arrangement parameters of elements, the Poisson's ratio of an elastomer membrane can be modulated from negative to positive, and the ZPR membrane can maintain a constant transverse dimension under longitudinal stimuli. Due to the accurate monitoring of grasping force by ZPR sensors that are insensitive to curvatures of contact surfaces, rigid robotic manipulators can be guided to safely grasp deformable objects. Meanwhile, the ZPR sensor can also precisely distinguish different states of manipulators. When ZPR sensors are attached to a thermal-actuation soft robot, they can accurately detect the moving distance and direction. This work presents a new strategy for independent biaxial stimuli perception through the design of mechanical metamaterials, and may inspire the future development of advanced flexible sensors for healthcare, human–machine interfaces and robotic tactile sensing.
Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation During the Omicron Wave: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Zhu Panpan , Yang Luxin , Liu Lizhen , Lai Xiaoyu , Shi Jimin , Zhao Yanmin , Yu Jian , Fu Huarui , Ye Yishan , Wu Yibo , Huang He , Luo Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to characterize the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 492 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) during the Omicron wave.

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from patient charts and the electronic medical record systems at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between December 2022 and January 2023.

Results
The median follow-up period of the entire cohort was 62 days. Myeloid malignancies (58.5%) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (30.5%) constituted the most common underlying disease. Among the 492 patients, 415, 67, and 10 exhibited mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, respectively. The incidence of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 15.7%. The 60-day overall survival and complete resolution rates were 98.1% and 80.6%, respectively. The risk factors for moderate-to-severe COVID-19 included corticosteroid use within 3 months before diagnosis, &lt;6 months interval between allo-HSCT and COVID-19 diagnosis, and antithymocyte globulin use for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis.

Conclusions
During the Omicron wave, patients with allo-HSCT demonstrated a low COVID-19–related mortality rate and high moderate-to-severe and prolonged disease incidence. Prevention in the early posttransplantation period is critical for allo-HSCT recipients receiving corticosteroids.
Evidence evaluated by European Food Safety Authority does not support lowering the temporary tolerable daily intake for bisphenol A
Authors: Prueitt Robyn L , Goodman Julie E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently derived a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for bisphenol A (BPA) of 0.2 ng/kg bw/day. There are several issues with EFSA’s hazard assessment review process, including that it was based on a limited subset of relevant studies. Multiple public commenters on EFSA’s draft evaluation of BPA, including several European regulatory agencies, noted these issues, yet they were not adequately addressed by EFSA in the final evaluation. The TDI for BPA was based on an intermediate immunotoxicity endpoint in mice that has not been observed in other species; there is no evidence that it is a precursor event to any downstream pathological outcome. The TDI is several orders of magnitude lower than estimates of safe doses of BPA established by agencies worldwide, including EFSA’s temporary TDI (t-TDI) for BPA established in 2015. Overall, the EFSA hazard assessment review process has led to a conclusion that there are low-dose effects of BPA based on very few, lower quality experimental animal studies. This conclusion is not supported by the totality of the available evidence, which includes multiple high-quality studies not considered by EFSA and indicates that the t-TDI established in 2015 is protective of human health.
Interleukin 28A aggravates Con A‐induced acute liver injury by promoting the recruitment of M1 macrophages
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Cheng Dalei , Zhang Hui , Liu Zhihong , Gao Min , Wei Li , Yan Fenglian , Li Chunxia , Wang Lin , Dong Guanjun , Wang Changying , Zhao Mingsheng , Zhu Yuanbo , Xiong Huabao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmune‐mediated acute hepatic injury is characterized by the destruction of a large number of hepatocytes and severe liver function damage. Interleukin‐28A (IL‐28A), a member of the IL‐10 family, is notable for its antiviral properties. However, despite advances in our understanding of IL‐28A, its role in immune‐mediated acute injury remains unclear. The present study investigated the role of IL‐28A in concanavalin A (Con A)‐induced acute immune liver injury. After Con A injection in mice, IL‐28A level significantly increased. IL‐28A deficiency was found to protect mice from acute liver injury, prolong survival time, and reduce serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. In contrast, recombinant IL‐28A aggravated liver injury in mice. The proportion of activated M1 macrophages was significantly lower in the IL‐28A‐deficiency group than in the wild‐type mouse group. In adoptive transfer experiments, M1 macrophages from WT could exacerbate mice acute liver injury symptoms in the IL‐28A deficiency group. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐12, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, by M1 macrophages decreased significantly in the IL‐28A‐deficiency group. Western blotting demonstrated that IL‐28A deficiency could limit M1 macrophage polarization by modulating the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) signaling pathways. In summary, IL‐28A deletion plays an important protective role in the Con A‐induced acute liver injury model and IL‐28A deficiency inhibits the activation of M1 macrophages by inhibiting the NF‐κB, MAPK, and IRF signaling pathways. These results provide a potential new target for the treatment of immune‐related hepatic injury.
Evidence for hypoxia‐induced dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis in preeclampsia: Insights into the mechanisms from human placental cells and tissues
Authors: Fuenzalida Barbara , Yañez Maria Jose , Mueller Martin , Mistry Hiten D. , Leiva Andrea , Albrecht Christiane 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) poses a considerable risk to the long‐term cardiovascular health of both mothers and their offspring due to a hypoxic environment in the placenta leading to reduced fetal oxygen supply. Cholesterol is vital for fetal development by influencing placental function. Recent findings suggest an association between hypoxia, disturbed cholesterol homeostasis, and PE. This study investigates the influence of hypoxia on placental cholesterol homeostasis. Using primary human trophoblast cells and placentae from women with PE, various aspects of cholesterol homeostasis were examined under hypoxic and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions. Under hypoxia and H/R, intracellular total and non‐esterified cholesterol levels were significantly increased. This coincided with an upregulation of HMG‐CoA‐reductase and HMG‐CoA‐synthase (key genes regulating cholesterol biosynthesis), and a decrease in acetyl‐CoA‐acetyltransferase‐1 (ACAT1), which mediates cholesterol esterification. Hypoxia and H/R also increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and elevated the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐2α and sterol‐regulatory‐element‐binding‐protein (SREBP) transcription factors. Additionally, exposure of trophoblasts to hypoxia and H/R resulted in enhanced cholesterol efflux to maternal and fetal serum. This was accompanied by an increased expression of proteins involved in cholesterol transport such as the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR‐BI) and the ATP‐binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1). Despite these metabolic alterations, mitogen‐activated‐protein‐kinase (MAPK) signaling, a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, was largely unaffected. Our findings indicate dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis at multiple metabolic points in both the trophoblast hypoxia model and placentae from women with PE. The increased cholesterol efflux and intracellular accumulation of non‐esterified cholesterol may have critical implications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy, potentially contributing to an elevated cardiovascular risk later in life.