bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Educational Intervention to Improve the Recovery from Acute Whiplash: Results of a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Ferrari Robert , Rowe Brian H. , Majumdar Sumit R. , Cassidy J. David , Blitz Sandra , Wright Susan C. , Russell Anthony S. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Objectives: To determine if an educational intervention in the acute stage of whiplash injury may improve the recovery rate. Methods: Consecutive subjects were randomized to one of two treatment groups: educational intervention or usual care. The intervention group received an educational pamphlet based on the current evidence. The control group did not receive these materials but received usual emergency department care and a standard nondirected discharge information sheet. Both groups underwent follow‐up by telephone interview at two weeks and three months. The primary outcome measure of recovery was the patient's response to the question, “How well do you feel you are recovering from your injuries?”Results: A total of 112 subjects agreed to participate. Age, gender, precollision employment level and health, initial symptoms, collision parameters, and emergency treatments were similar between the groups. At two weeks postcollision, 7.3% in the treatment group reported recovery compared with 8.8% in the control group (absolute risk difference, −1.5%; 95% confidence interval =−12.6% to 9.7%). At three months postcollision, 21.8% in the treatment group reported complete recovery compared with 21.0% in the control group (absolute risk difference, 0.8%; 95% confidence interval =−14.4% to 16.0%). At three months, there were no clinically or statistically significant differences between groups in severity of remaining symptoms, limitations in daily activities, therapy use, medications used, lost time from work, or litigation. Conclusions: An evidence‐based educational pamphlet provided to patients at discharge from the emergency department is no more effective than usual care for patients with grade 1 or 2 whiplash‐associated disorder.
Delivery Pain and the Development of Mother—Infant Interaction
Authors: Ferber Sari Goldstein , Feldman Ruth 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study examined delivery pain as a possible risk factor for the development of mother‐infant interaction. Eighty‐one mothers completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A retrospective evaluation of labor pain was performed using the Visual Analog Scale at 2 days postpartum. Six weeks after birth the mothers were visited at home, completed measures of anxiety and depression, and were observed during a free play session with the infant. The mother's tendency to catastrophize pain predicted lower levels of mother‐infant reciprocity at 6 weeks, controlling for maternal age, education, parity, epidural analgesia, pain perception, anxiety, and depression. Trait anxiety was related to lower maternal sensitivity. The mother's tendency to catastrophize pain was discussed in relation to the personality trait of exaggerated emotional perception of pain and its potential interference with the formation of the mother‐infant relationship.
Hypersensitivity Syndrome and Pure Red Cell Aplasia Following Allopurinol Therapy in a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chao Sheau-Chiou , Yang Chao-Chun , Lee Julia Yu-Yun 
Published: August 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of combined hypersensitivity syndrome and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following allopurinol therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 43-year-old woman with underlying mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis developed fever, generalized morbilliform rash, leukocytosis with marked eosinophilia, and hepatic dysfunction 3 weeks after starting allopurinol therapy (300 mg/day for 3 days followed by 200 mg/day) for hyperuricemia and arthritis. The clinical findings were judged to be a probable drug reaction according to the Naranjo probability scale. The drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) resolved after withdrawal of allopurinol and initiation of systemic corticosteroid therapy. However, there was progressive worsening of anemia with reticulocytopenia; PRCA was suspected. PRCA was judged to be a possible drug reaction according to the Naranjo probability scale. The patient refused blood transfusion and bone marrow biopsy. Recombinant human erythropoietin was initiated in addition to prednisolone 15 mg daily. Eleven days later (~7 wk after allopurinol withdrawal), both the hemoglobin level and reticulocyte count began to rise. The patient consented to a bone marrow study at that time, which confirmed the presence of dysplasia involving only the erythroid lineage. DISCUSSION: Allopurinol may induce DHS, aplastic anemia, and, in rare instances, PRCA. We report the first case of PRCA concurrent with allopurinol-induced DHS in a patient with chronic kidney disease. Discontinuation of allopurinol is the first step in the treatment of such cases. The slow recovery of PRCA might be partly attributed to her underlying chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS: To minimize serious DHS, proper indications for treatment and dosage adjustment should be closely observed when starting allopurinol therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Manifestation of emerging specialties in journal literature: A growth model of papers, references, exemplars, bibliographic coupling, cocitation, and clustering coefficient distribution
Authors: Morris Steven A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA model is presented of the manifestation of the birth and development of a scientific specialty in a collection of journal papers. The proposed model, Cumulative Advantage by Paper with Exemplars (CAPE) is an adaptation of Price's cumulative advantage model (D. Price, 1976). Two modifications are made: (a) references are cited in groups by paper, and (b) the model accounts for the generation of highly cited exemplar references immediately after the birth of the specialty. This simple growth process mimics many characteristic features of real collections of papers, including the structure of the paper‐to‐reference matrix, the reference‐per‐paper distribution, the paper‐per‐reference distribution, the bibliographic coupling distribution, the cocitation distribution, the bibliographic coupling clustering coefficient distribution, and the temporal distribution of exemplar references. The model yields a great deal of insight into the process that produces the connectedness and clustering of a collection of articles and references. Two examples are presented and successfully modeled: a collection of 131 articles on MEMS RF (microelectromechnical systems radio frequency) switches, and a collection of 901 articles on the subject of complex networks.
Children's conceptual structures of science categories and the design of Web directories
Authors: Bilal Dania , Wang Peiling 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEleven middle school children constructed hierarchical maps for two science categories selected from two Web directories, Yahooligans! and KidsClick! For each category, children constructed a pair of maps: one without links and one with links. Forty‐four maps were analyzed to identify similarities and differences. The structures of the maps were compared to the structures employed by the directories. Children were able to construct hierarchical maps and articulate the relationships among the concepts. At the global level (whole map), children's maps were not alike and did not match the structures of the Web directories. At the local levels (superordinate and subordinate), however, children shared similarities in the conceptual configurations, especially for the concrete concepts. For these concepts, substantial overlap was found between the children's structures and those employed in the directories. For the abstract concepts the configurations were diverse and did not match those in the directories. The findings of this study have implications for design of systems that are more supportive of children's conceptual structures.
Role of liver function tests in predicting common bile duct stones in acute calculous cholecystitis
Authors: Peng W K , Sheikh Z , Paterson-Brown S , Nixon S J 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The role of liver function tests (LFTs) in evaluating common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients with cholelithiasis has been studied widely. However, it is not clear whether these predictive models are useful in inflammatory gallstone disease.

Methods
A review was undertaken of 385 consecutive patients admitted as an emergency for acute calculous gallbladder disease. The diagnosis of calculous cholecystitis was confirmed by ultrasonography or histological confirmation of acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. Patients with obvious jaundice, defined as a bilirubin level above 80 µmol/l, and gallstone pancreatitis were excluded.

Results
Some 216 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 28 (13·0 per cent) were found to have CBD stones. LFT results were not significantly different in patients with chronic, acute or complicated acute cholecystitis. Using several cut-off levels, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) had the highest specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, comparable to a scoring system that combined all LFTs. Bilirubin was the least specific and predictive. A cut-off point for GGT at 90 units/l produced a sensitivity of 86 per cent (24 of 28), specificity of 74·5 per cent (140 of 188), and positive and negative predictive values of 33 per cent (24 of 72) and 97·2 per cent (140 of 144) respectively. This represented a one in three chance of CBD stones when the GGT level was above 90 units/l and a one in 30 chance when the level was less than 90 units/l.

Conclusion
Selection criteria based on GGT can be used in acute calculous cholecystitis to identify high-risk patients who would benefit most from further imaging to exclude choledocholithiasis.
High Resolution 1H NMR Structural Studies of Sucrose Octaacetate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Chandrika Baby , Schnackenberg Laura K. , Raveendran Poovathinthodiyil , Wallen Scott L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHigh pressure (HP), high resolution (HR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy has been utilized for the first time to investigate the solution structure of a carbohydrate based system, sucrose octaacetate (SOA), in supercritical CO2. The studies indicate that the average solution state conformation of the α‐D‐Glucopyranosyl ring of SOA in scCO2 medium is consistent with the 4C1 chair form, while the β‐D‐fructofuranosyl ring adopts an envelope conformation. The investigations also suggest that scCO2 is a promising medium to study the solution structure and conformation of acetylated sugar systems. Spectral manifestations of a specific interaction between the acetate methyl protons and CO2 molecules are also presented.
Elongated Dihydrogen Versus Compressed Dihydride Complexes: The Temperature Dependence of the H–D Spin–Spin Coupling Constant as a Criterion To Distinguish between Them
Authors: Gelabert Ricard , Moreno Miquel , Lluch José M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo be able to propose experimental tests to distinguish elongated dihydrogen transition‐metal complexes from compressed dihydride transition‐metal complexes, a thorough density functional study of the electronic structure in combination with quantum nuclear dynamics calculations have been performed for complexes [Cp*Ru(H2PCH2PCH2(H2)]+ and [CpRe(CO)2H2]. The results of this study suggest that elongated dihydrogen complexes and compressed dihydride complexes have different properties and that it should be possible to distinguish between them experimentally. In particular, different behavior is predicted with respect to 1) the sign of the isotope geometric effect on the HH distance at 0 K, 2) the temperature dependence of the HH distance, and 3) the temperature dependence of the HD spin–spin coupling constant in 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Bi(III) Halides as Efficient Catalysts for the O‐Acylative Cleavage of Tetrahydrofurans: An Expeditious Entry to Tetralins.
Authors: Coles Simon J. , Costello James F. , Draffin William N. , Hursthouse Michael B. , Paver Simon P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy use in the U.S., 2004
Authors: Mell Loren K. , Mehrotra Amit K. , Mundt Arno J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a novel approach to the planning and delivery of radiation therapy. The prevalence of IMRT use among radiation oncologists in the U.S. appears to be increasing, despite limited data evaluating its risks and benefits.METHODSA random sample of radiation oncologists in the U.S., including a cohort of 441 physicians who were surveyed in 2002, was surveyed regarding IMRT use. IMRT users were questioned regarding their frequency of use, clinical applications, and reasons for adopting IMRT. IMRT nonusers were asked their reasons for not using IMRT, whether they planned to use it in the future, and reasons for wanting to adopt IMRT. Differences in responses between 2002 and 2004 were compared.RESULTSThe survey was conducted between July 1, 2004 and August 31, 2004. Of 368 evaluable participants, 239 physicians (64.9%) responded. The proportion of respondents who used IMRT was 73.2% (175 physicians), compared with 32.0% in 2002. The adoption rate of IMRT among nonusers from 2002 to 2004 was 62.7% (95% confidence interval, 51.9–73.5%). Many IMRT users (81.0%) had used IMRT to deliver higher than conventional doses of radiation, predominantly in patients with genitourinary and head and neck tumors. Major reasons cited for IMRT adoption were permitting normal tissue sparing (88.0%), dose escalation (85.1%), and economic competition (62.4%). Ninety‐one percent of nonusers planned to adopt IMRT in the future.CONCLUSIONSIMRT use among radiation oncologists in the U.S. has increased significantly since 2002. Standardized guidelines and careful, prospective analyses evaluating its risks and benefits are needed. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in patients with lymphoma
Authors: Chemaly Roy F. , Torres Harrys A. , Hachem Ray Y. , Nogueras Graciela M. , Aguilera Elizabeth A. , Younes Anas , Luna Mario A. , Rodriguez Gilhen , Tarrand Jeffrey J. , Raad Issam I. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDEven when treated with antiviral therapy, cytomegalovirus pneumonia (CMVp) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. CMVp has been rarely reported in patients with lymphoma.METHODSThe authors reviewed the records of patients treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) between 1997 and 2003. Collected information included demographics, use of chemotherapy, or corticosteroids, concomitant infections, and outcome.RESULTSThirty‐one patients with lymphoma with 36 episodes of CMVp were identified. The incidence of CMVp increased between 1997 and 2003 (0 of 1000 treated patients vs. 9 of 1000 treated patients; P = 0.07). Most episodes occurred in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (89%). Most of the patients (92%) had received chemotherapy and corticosteroids (89%) before the onset of CMVp. Concomitant CMV antigenemia was detected in 11 (41%) of the 27 episodes in which testing was performed. In 19 episodes (53%), patients had coinfections within 90 days of the episode of CMVp. Coinfections were present at the onset of CMVp in 11 episodes (31%). The yield for CMV in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens was higher with culture methods than with cytologic evaluation or immunohistochemical staining (P < 0.001). The number of CMV antigenemia tests performed increased fourfold over the study period. The CMV‐attributed mortality rate was 30% (9 of 30 patients). Independent predictors of death by multivariate Cox regression analysis were high APACHE II score (> 16) at onset of CMVp (P = 0.02, hazards ratio [HR] = 15.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–163.7), and development of toxicity to antivirals (P = 0.04, HR = 14.03, 95% CI, 1.2–169.1).CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of CMVp in patients with lymphoma is increasing. CMV detection in BAL specimens was better with culture methods than with cytologic or immunohistochemical methods. High APACHE II score and development of antiviral toxicity were associated with a fatal outcome. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Alterations of G1‐S checkpoint in chordoma
Authors: Naka Takahiko , Boltze Carsten , Kuester Doerthe , Schulz Torss‐Oliver , Schneider‐Stock Regine , Kellner Angela , Samii Amir , Herold Christian , Ostertag Helmut , Roessner Albert 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the alterations of G1‐S checkpoint and their significance in chordoma, a rare bone tumor. The authors investigated the clinicopathologic relevance of cell cycle abnormalities in chordoma.METHODSThe expression levels of p53, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), retinoblastoma protein (pRb), cyclin D1, p16INK4a, and p27Kip1 were investigated using immunohistochemical techniques; p53 mutations were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐single‐strand conformation polymorphism, and mdm2 amplification was analyzed using real‐time quantitative PCR. The results were compared with clinicopathologic parameters in 101 lesions.RESULTSApproximately 10–45% of primary tumors presented alterations of p53, MDM2, cyclin D1, and pRb proteins; most tumors lacked expression of p16INK4a and p27Kip1. Alterations of p53, MDM2, cyclin D1, and pRb proteins were found to have cooperative effects on both higher proliferative ability (MIB‐1 labeling index [LI]) and increased nuclear pleomorphism, a previously described prognostic indicator for patients with chordoma. Multivariate analyses revealed that, among these alterations, p53 overexpression was the only independent factor for higher MIB‐1 LI. At the genetic level, mdm2 gene amplification was detected in 15.4% of the lesions but did not correlate with MDM2 overexpression or other clinicopathologic parameters. No p53 mutations were detected in the current series. Survival analysis revealed that p53 overexpression, but no other cell cycle alterations, was associated with a reduced overall survival.CONCLUSIONSAccumulation of cell cycle alterations led to an increased MIB‐1 LI and nuclear pleomorphism, a previously described prognostic indicator in chordoma. The authors believe that p53 overexpression in particular is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with chordoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Investigating the correlation between hospital of primary treatment and the survival of women with breast cancer
Authors: Hébert‐Croteau Nicole , Brisson Jacques , Lemaire Jacques , Latreille Jean , Pineault Raynald 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo understand the relation between hospital of initial treatment and the survival of women with breast cancer, the authors investigated the characteristics of the treatment center that were related most to outcome.METHODSThe authors selected women from 5 regions of Quebec, Canada, who were diagnosed with lymph node‐negative breast cancer between 1988 and 1994. Data were collected by chart review, queries to physicians, and linkage with administrative data bases. Overall survival to the end of 1999 was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTSThe study population included 1727 women with a median follow‐up of 6.8 years. The 7‐year survival rate was 82% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 80–84%). Compared with women who were treated in centers with ≥ 100 new cases per year, the hazard ratio (HR) of death from any cause was 1.80 (95%CI, 1.23–2.63), 1.44 (95%CI, 1.03–2.03), and 1.30 (95%CI, 0.96–1.76) among women who were treated in hospitals with < 25 new cases, 25–49 new cases, and 50–99 new cases per year after adjusting for case mix and characteristics of the attending physician. However, the significance of caseload disappeared after adjusting for the type of hospital. By contrast, women who were treated in centers with either on‐site radiotherapy, research activity, or teaching status had significantly better outcomes, even after adjusting for caseload (HR, 0.68; 95%CI, 0.50–0.92). These associations were independent of primary treatment received, which was a strong determinant of outcome.CONCLUSIONSPrimary treatment of early‐stage breast cancer in larger hospitals was associated with improved survival. This relation was mediated by factors related to proficiency of care, which tended to cluster within institutions. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Electron Tunneling through Molecular Media: A Density Functional Study of Au/Dithiol/Au Systems
Authors: Sun Qiang , Selloni Annabella , Scoles Giacinto 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report a density functional theory study of the electronic properties of n‐alkanedithiols (CnS2, with n=4, 8 and 12) sandwiched between two Au(111) infinite slab electrodes. We investigate the influence of the distance between the two electrodes and of the molecular chain length, tilt angle, and coverage on the local density of states (LDOS) at the Fermi energy (Ef). We find that the (small) value of the LDOS at Ef near the center of the molecular wires—a quantity that is related to the tunneling current—is mainly determined by the length n of the alkane chains: it originates from the tails of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) which are broadened by the interaction with the electrodes, and decays exponentially with the length of the molecular wire. This opens a nonresonance tunneling channel for charge transport at small bias voltages. While the length of the hydrocarbon chain appears to be the determining factor, the tilt angle of the molecular wires with respect to the electrode surfaces, and therefore the distance between these, has a small influence on the LDOS at the center of the molecule, while the effect of coverage can be ignored. The picture which emerges from these calculations is totally consistent with a through‐bond tunneling mechanism.