bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypharmazie bei akuten und chronischen Nierenerkrankungen
Authors: Manaila Roxana , Huwiler Andrea 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz der chronischen Nierenerkrankung („chronic kidney disease“ [CKD]) ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten stetig angestiegen. Die CKD ist eine graduell progressive Erkrankung, die mit mehreren Begleiterkrankungen assoziiert ist, beispielsweise mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Bluthochdruck, Anämie, Störungen des Mineral- und Knochenstoffwechsels, Elektrolytveränderungen und Störungen des Säure-Basen-Haushalts. Alle diese Begleiterkrankungen erfordern eine adäquate Medikation. Daher haben Patienten mit CKD ein hohes Risiko der Polypharmazie, die als Behandlung mit mehr als 5 Arzneimitteln täglich definiert ist. Polypharmazie geht mit einem stark erhöhten Risiko unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen und schwerer Arzneimittelinteraktionen einher, die zu erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität führen, wenn sie nicht gut kontrolliert werden und wenn die einzelnen Dosen während des Fortschreitens der CKD nicht entsprechend dem Nierenfunktionsabfall angepasst werden. Daher sollten mehrere Aspekte der Medikation beachtet und konstant überprüft werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt die Probleme auf, die sich aus einer inadäquaten Polypharmazie bei CKD ergeben; zu diesen zählen unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen und -interaktionen, die Komplexität der Therapieschemata, die Therapiebelastung und die Nichteinhaltung der Therapie. Zudem werden die wichtigsten Schritte zur Identifikation einer inadäquaten Polypharmazie diskutiert, wodurch sich Komplikationen vermeiden lassen und der Nutzen der Medikation erhöht werden kann. Zuletzt wird auf die Polypharmazie bei akuter Nierenschädigung eingegangen.
Biomimetic oculomotor control with spiking neural networks
Authors: Saquib Taasin , Terzopoulos Demetri 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpiking neural networks (SNNs) are comprised of artificial neurons that, like their biological counterparts, communicate via electrical spikes. SNNs have been hailed as the next wave of deep learning as they promise low latency and low-power consumption when run on neuromorphic hardware. Current deep neural network models for computer vision often require power-hungry GPUs to train and run, making them great candidates to replace with SNNs. We develop and train a biomimetic, SNN-driven, neuromuscular oculomotor controller for a realistic biomechanical model of the human eye. Inspired by the ON and OFF bipolar cells of the retina, we use event-based data flow in the SNN to direct the necessary extraocular muscle-driven eye movements. We train our SNN models from scratch, using modified deep learning techniques. Classification tasks are straightforward to implement with SNNs and have received the most research attention, but visual tracking is a regression task. We use surrogate gradients and introduce a linear layer to convert membrane voltages from the final spiking layer into the desired outputs. Our SNN foveation network enhances the biomimetic properties of the virtual eye model and enables it to perform reliable visual tracking. Overall, with event-based data processed by an SNN, our oculomotor controller successfully tracks a visual target while activating 87.3% fewer neurons than a conventional neural network.
Volume energy density and laser power: key determinants in SLS-processed PA12 mechanical properties
Authors: Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis , Papazoglou Emmanouil L. , Karkalos Nikolaos E. , Markopoulos Angelos P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) represents a significant breakthrough in the field of engineering, revolutionizing the way products and components are designed and manufactured. Among the various methods used to employ polymer materials in AM, powder bed fusion (PBF) processes, specifically selective laser sintering (SLS), stand out as one of the most widely utilized approaches. This method offers substantial advantages over other AM techniques for treating polymers. However, SLS is inherently based on complex underlying physical mechanisms and phenomena and it involves a significant number of process parameters, making a comprehensive and extensive study of the process necessary. In the present article, we conduct an experimental study to examine the impact of two pivotal process parameters in SLS: volumetric energy density (VED) and nominal laser power (LP), on the mechanical properties of Polyamide 12 (PA12). The assessment of the material’s mechanical behavior was conducted by measuring its tensile, compressive, and flexural properties, adhering to the respective ASTM standards. Additionally, we employed appropriate statistical tests, including the Coefficient of Variation (CV) to estimate the process’s repeatability and consistency, and Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) method to determine significant differences between mean property values for different process parameters. The results revealed the impact of volumetric energy density (VED) and nominal laser power (LP) on each mechanical property and mechanical index. Furthermore, the study identifies general rules and trends related to the efficiency and feasible thresholds of the process. Finally, we provide an interpretation of the results based on the fundamental physical mechanisms, also supported by the respective XRD and microscopy images.
A biological insight of hops wastes vermicomposting by Eisenia Andrei
Authors: González-Moreno M.Á. , García Gracianteparaluceta B. , Marcelino Sádaba S. , Prieto Cobo E. , Seco A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study was conducted to assess the feasibility of usingEisenia andreiearthworms for vermicomposting hop remains from a lupulin extraction enterprises for the brewing industry. Vermicomposting process was conducted within 70 days using hop (Humulus lupulus) wastes blended with horse manure at five different ratios for triplicate in laboratory conditions. Number of worms, cocoons, and hatchlings were observed and recorded weekly as earthworm biomass, population build-up and reproduction biological parameters. The results showed an indirect relationship between the hop content and the growth and reproductive performance of the worms. Notwithstanding this fact, 100% of survival occurred in all combinations. A 50% blend of hop wastes and horse manure is suggested to ensure the optimizing usefulness ofE. andrei. In addition, moment of maximum splendour of worm population build-up and reproduction parameters measured was achieved at around 40 or 50 days since the beginning of the test, seeing a clear and widespread decline from that moment.
From Sustainable Development Goals to sustainable industry, innovation and infrastructure: insights from the digital sphere
Authors: Zarrabeitia-Bilbao Enara , Jaca-Madariaga Maite , Rio-Belver Rosa-María , Alvarez-Meaza Izaskun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze and understand the digital discussion on Twitter (from 2016 to 2022) of the SDGs in general and SDG 9 in particular, based on a comparative approach and with a methodology using Python libraries for advanced data analysis, social network analysis (SNA) methods and artificial neural networks (ANN) models. To this end, 6,323,139 tweets about SDGs in general and 2,892,922 about specific SDGs were retrieved for further analysis. The results obtained show that SDG 9 generated less interest and a lower presence of women in the social discussion than other SDGs over the seven years studied; furthermore, the number of tweets about SDG 9 has decreased. However, the digital conversation among different actors does develop in a cohesive manner, sharing leadership and space. This study shows that there are exceptional peaks in the digital activity and the SDG topic goes from “sidestream” to “mainstream” in terms of the digital public debate when certain celebrities (specifically, the Korean music group BTS) interact with the initiative. Finally, SDGs do not generate controversy and there is no substantial difference in the distribution of sentiment and emotions between different periods and different SDGs.
Substance-dependent EEG during recovery from anesthesia and optimization of monitoring
Authors: Lipp Marlene , Schneider Gerhard , Kreuzer Matthias , Pilge Stefanie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during anesthesia emergence contains information about the risk for a patient to experience postoperative delirium, but the EEG dynamics during emergence challenge monitoring approaches. Substance-specific emergence characteristics may additionally limit the reliability of commonly used processed EEG indices during emergence. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of different EEG indices during anesthesia emergence that was maintained with different anesthetic regimens. We used the EEG of 45 patients under general anesthesia from the emergence period. Fifteen patients per group received sevoflurane, isoflurane (+ sufentanil) or propofol (+ remifentanil) anesthesia. One channel EEG and the bispectral index (BIS A-1000) were recorded during the study. We replayed the EEG back to the Conox, Entropy Module, and the BIS Vista to evaluate and compare the index behavior. The volatile anesthetics induced significantly higher EEG frequencies, causing higher indices (AUC > 0.7) over most parts of emergence compared to propofol. The median duration of “awake” indices (i.e., > 80) before the return of responsiveness (RoR) was significantly longer for the volatile anesthetics (p < 0.001). The different indices correlated well under volatile anesthesia (rs > 0.6), with SE having the weakest correlation. For propofol, the correlation was lower (rs < 0.6). SE was significantly higher than BIS and, under propofol anesthesia, qCON. Systematic differences of EEG-based indices depend on the drugs and devices used. Thus, to avoid early awareness or anesthesia overdose using an EEG-based index during emergence, the anesthetic regimen, the monitor used, and the raw EEG trace should be considered for interpretation before making clinical decisions.
Smoclust: synthetic minority oversampling based on stream clustering for evolving data streams
Authors: Chiu Chun Wai , Minku Leandro L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany real-world data stream applications not only suffer from concept drift but also class imbalance. Yet, very few existing studies investigated this joint challenge. Data difficulty factors, which have been shown to be key challenges in class imbalanced data streams, are not taken into account by existing approaches when learning class imbalanced data streams. In this work, we propose a drift adaptable oversampling strategy to synthesise minority class examples based on stream clustering. The motivation is that stream clustering methods continuously update themselves to reflect the characteristics of the current underlying concept, including data difficulty factors. This nature can potentially be used to compress past information without caching data in the memory explicitly. Based on the compressed information, synthetic examples can be created within the region that recently generated new minority class examples. Experiments with artificial and real-world data streams show that the proposed approach can handle concept drift involving different minority class decomposition better than existing approaches, especially when the data stream is severely class imbalanced and presenting high proportions of safe and borderline minority class examples.
The Principle-at-Risk Analysis (PaRA): Operationalising Digital Ethics by Bridging Principles and Operations of a Digital Ethics Advisory Panel
Authors: Nemat André T. , Becker Sarah J. , Lucas Simon , Thomas Sean , Gadea Isabel , Charton Jean Enno 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent attempts to develop and apply digital ethics principles to address the challenges of the digital transformation leave organisations with an operationalisation gap. To successfully implement such guidance, they must find ways to translate high-level ethics frameworks into practical methods and tools that match their specific workflows and needs. Here, we describe the development of a standardised risk assessment tool, the Principle-at-Risk Analysis (PaRA), as a means to close this operationalisation gap for a key level of the ethics infrastructure at many organisations – the work of an interdisciplinary ethics panel. The PaRA tool serves to guide and harmonise the work of the Digital Ethics Advisory Panel at the multinational science and technology company Merck KGaA in alignment with the principles outlined in the company’s Code of Digital Ethics. We examine how such a tool can be used as part of a multifaceted approach to operationalise high-level principles at an organisational level and provide general requirements for its implementation. We showcase its application in an example case dealing with the comprehensibility of consent forms in a data-sharing context at Syntropy, a collaborative technology platform for clinical research.
First-Year Teacher Education Students’ Epistemological Beliefs About Science and History: Domain-Specific Profiles and Relationships
Authors: Korom Erzsébet , Nagy Márió Tibor , Majkić Maja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract This study investigates the developmental levels of epistemological beliefs (EBs) about science and history among first-year teacher trainees (n = 146) through domain-specific questionnaires. A between-person analysis was used to examine the effect of academic studies and gender differences. Further, we employed a person-centred approach, k-means cluster analysis, to identify EB profiles for both domains. The results show that the impact of academic studies is greater on discipline-specific epistemological beliefs in history than in science, while the effect of gender is not significant in either area. We identified three EB profiles for both domains and found a significant positive correlation between the domain-specific EB profiles. A quarter of student teachers have a sophisticated profile in both science and history. Our research confirms the approach that individuals’ domain-specific epistemological beliefs develop in relation to domain-general beliefs. The results, in addition to contributing to a better understanding of the development of epistemological beliefs, also carry important implications for teacher education.
A systematic review of estimation of growth curve in goats
Authors: Makgopa Ledimo Faith , Mathapo Madumetja Cyril , Tyasi Thobela Louis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGrowth is an economically important trait in animal production industry and is one of the subjects that can be justified mathematically. The literature recommends different non-linear model to estimate the growth of goats. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature published on estimation of growth using non-linear models in goats. Databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were evaluated systematically using the combination of the following key terms: Non-linear growth curve models such as Brody, Richards, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic models. A total of 25 eligible articles were found published between 2008 and 2022 in Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, South Africa, Turkey, Tunisia, and Vietnam. The results showed that out of 25 articles, Gompertz growth curve model was the most used (n = 10), followed by Logistic (n = 8), then Brody growth curve model (n = 6). The findings further indicated that Janoscheck growth curve model was the least used model (n = 1) for estimation of growth in goats. One of the limitations is that some of the reviewed articles did not indicate the sex of the animals which make it difficult to draw the conclude for sexes. The systematic review concludes that Gompertz growth curve model is the most recommended for estimation of growth parameters of goats, followed by Logistic, and then Brody. Therefore, researchers should consider using these models when studying growth parameters of goats.
Potentially Toxic Element (PTE) Sources in the Middle Eocene Carbonate Aquifer, East El Minia, Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Aziz A. , Salman Salman A. , Ismail Esam A. , Mostafa Alaa , Mohamed Ramadan S. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) becomes a major threat to the validity of that water for drinking and agriculture and hence human life. The current study aims to evaluate the carbonate aquifer groundwater PTE content, sources, and impact on water quality. To achieve this goal, drilling cutoff of two wells and 30 groundwater samples were collected and chemically analyzed. The groundwater has TDS values ranged from 271.2 to 971.8 mg/l. Freshwater recharge process led to the continuous freshening of the aquifer and enhanced the forward ion exchange reactions. Carbonate and evaporate mineral dissolution/precipitation processes are the main controller of groundwater chemistry. Cd and As represented the most hazardous elements in these rocks followed by Pb. The presence of high concentrations of PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in water-bearing carbonate rocks has led to detritus of water quality and its unsuitability for drinking owing to the occurrence of these harmful elements in water. Even though the high concentrations of PTEs in the studied water, these elements occurred in low mobility and toxicity species: Fe(OH)3, Mn2+, (HAsO4)−2, Cd2+, Cr2O3, Cu2O, CuO, and PbCO3. This reflects the importance of studying element species rather than total concentration. Even though the unsuitability of this water for drinking owing to high concentrations of some PTEs, all of the samples were found to be suitable for irrigation.
Evaluation and Application of a PET Tracer in Preclinical and Phase 1 Studies to Determine the Brain Biodistribution of Minzasolmin (UCB0599)
Authors: Mercier Joël , Bani Massimo , Colson Anny-Odile , Germani Massimiliano , Lalla Marianna , Plisson Christophe , Huiban Mickael , Searle Graham , Mathy François-Xavier , Nicholl Richard , Otoul Christian , Smit Johan Willem , van Asch Vanja , Wagneur Michel , Maguire Ralph Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Minzasolmin (UCB0599) is an orally administered, small molecule inhibitor of ASYN misfolding in development as a potential disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Here we describe the preclinical development of a radiolabeled tracer and results from a phase 1 study using the tracer to investigate the brain distribution of minzasolmin.

Procedures
In the preclinical study, two radiolabeling positions were investigated on the S-enantiomer of minzasolmin (UCB2713): [11C]methylamine UCB2713 ([11C-N-CH3]UCB2713) and [11C]carbonyl UCB2713 ([11C-CO]UCB2713). Male C57 black 6 mice (N = 10) received intravenous [11C-N-CH3]UCB2713; brain homogenates were assessed for radioactivity and plasma samples analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was used to image brains in a subset of mice (n = 3). In the open-label, phase 1 study, healthy volunteers were scanned twice with PET-CT following injection with [11C]minzasolmin radiotracer (≤ 10 µg), first without, then with oral dosing with non-radiolabeled minzasolmin 360 mg. Primary objective: to determine biodistribution of minzasolmin in the human brain; secondary objectives included minzasolmin safety/tolerability.

Results
Preclinical data supported the use of [11C]minzasolmin in clinical studies. In the phase 1 study, PET data showed substantial drug signal in the brain of healthy volunteers (N = 4). The mean estimated whole brain total distribution volume (VT) at equilibrium across all regions of interest was 0.512 mL/cm3, no difference in VT was observed following administration of minzasolmin 360 mg. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported by 75% (n = 3) of participants. No drug-related TEAEs, deaths, serious adverse events, or discontinuations were reported.

Conclusion
Following positive preclinical results with the N-methyl labeled PET tracer, [11C]minzasolmin was used in the phase 1 study, which demonstrated that minzasolmin readily crossed the blood–brain barrier and was well distributed throughout the brain. Safety and pharmacokinetic findings were consistent with previous early-phase studies (such as UP0077, NCT04875962).
Numerical investigation of mixed physical barriers for saltwater removal in coastal heterogeneous aquifers
Authors: Emara Sobhy R. , Armanuos Asaad M. , Zeidan Bakenaz A. , Gado Tamer A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSaltwater intrusion is a prevalent global environmental issue that detrimentally impacts coastal groundwater aquifers. This problem is exacerbated by climate change and increased groundwater abstraction. Employing physical barriers proves effective in mitigating saline water intrusion. In this study, a validated numerical simulation model is utilized to assess the impact of aquifer stratification on the effectiveness of mixed physical barriers (MPBs) and their response to structural variations. Additionally, the performance of MPBs was compared with that of single physical barriers in a laboratory-scale aquifer. Three different configurations were replicated, comprising two stratified aquifers (HLH and LHL) and a homogenous reference aquifer (H). The results demonstrate that MPBs are efficient in decreasing the saltwater penetration length in the investigated cases. The reductions in penetration length were up to 65% in all cases. The removal efficacy of residual saline water for MPBs exceeded that of the subsurface dam by 2.1–3.3 times for H, 2.1–3.6 times for HLH, and 8.3 times for LHL conditions, while outperforming the cutoff wall by 38–100% for H, 39–44% for HLH, and 2.7–75% for LHL. These findings are of importance for decision-makers in choosing the most appropriate technique for mitigating saline water intrusion in heterogeneous coastal aquifers.
How to Achieve a Healthy City: a Scoping Review with Ten City Examples
Authors: Ziafati Bafarasat Abbas , Sharifi Ayyoob 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis scoping review of the literature explores the following question: what systematic measures are needed to achieve a healthy city? The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests 11 characteristics of a healthy city. Measures contributing to these characteristics are extracted and classified into 29 themes. Implementation of some of these measures is illustrated by examples from Freiburg, Greater Vancouver, Singapore, Seattle, New York City, London, Nantes, Exeter, Copenhagen, and Washington, DC. The identified measures and examples indicate that a healthy city is a system of healthy sectors. A discussion section suggests healthy directions for nine sectors in a healthy city. These sectors include transportation, housing, schools, city planning, local government, environmental management, retail, heritage, and healthcare. Future work is advised to put more focus on characteristic 5 (i.e., the meeting of basic needs for all the city's people) and characteristic 10 (i.e., public health and sick care services accessible to all) of a healthy city.