bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colchicine alters apamin receptors, electrical activity, and skeletal muscle relaxation
Authors: Vergara Cecilia , Ramirez Beatriz , Behrens María Isabel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA low conductance calcium‐activated K+ channel is thought to regulate the rate of firing of several excitable cells. In skeletal muscle the expression of this channel is under nerve control. Previously, we reported that axonal flow blockade of rat nerves, induced by colchicine, caused atransient increase in muscle apamin receptors, determined by 125I‐apamin binding to membrane fractions. The increase in apamin receptors was correlated with repetitive discharges resembling myotonic potentials in the electromyogram, that were blockable by apamin. Here we show that the increase in muscle apamin receptors and the alteration of the electromyogram are followed closely by a slowing of the twitch relaxation, that in turn, is decreased by apamin. Furthermore, the presence of myotonic‐like alterations in the electromyogram and a slowing of muscle relaxation when muscle apaminreceptors are increased suggests that these channels may participate, amongother factors, in the generation of some kinds of myotonia. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Use and misuse of conventional electrodiagnosis, quantitative sensory testing, thermography, and nerve blocks in the evaluation of painful neuropathic syndromes
Authors: Verdugo Renato J. , Ochoa José L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA number of laboratory tests are critically important in the quest to diagnose presence or absence of organic neuropathic dysfunction and to establish the relevance of such to the subjective pain complaints. However, none of these tests has absolute diagnostic value and their results must be interpreted in the light of the clinical picture. Conventional electrophysiology evaluates function of large caliber afferent and motor fibers leaving the function of small caliber afferent fibers unexplored, and cannot explore the basis for positive sensory phenomena. The quantitative somatosensory thermotest is the best test available to explore function of small caliber afferents. It allows documentation of positive sensory phenomena in the form of thermal hyperalgesia. Because it is a psychophysical test, it lacks localizing value. Thermography sensitively detects and precisely delineates areas of cutaneous thermal change of neural origin. Three types of diagnostic neurologic blocks are used in the clinic: compression‐ischemia, local anesthetic and sympathetic blocks. Although they may provide important information about the pathophysiology of pain and hyperalgesias, adequate placebo control is of the essence because chronic neuropathic pain patients may express a high incidence of placebo response. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human microneurography and intraneural microstimulation in the study of neuropathic pain
Authors: Torebjörk Erik 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPsychophysical experiments in combination with microneurography and intraneural microstimulation in awake human subjects have yielded some useful information on somatosensory functions under normal and pathologic conditions. Normally, pain is signaled by nociceptive afferents, and tactile sensations are evoked from activation of low‐threshold mechanoreceptors. Following tissue injury, nociceptors are sensitized, and their enhanced responsiveness correlates with hyperalgesia to heat and in some cases to mechanical stimuli. In addition, ongoing activity in sensitized nociceptive afferents may lead to central sensitization in such a way that normally nonpainful gentle stroking the skin evokes pain from activation of low‐threshold mechanoreceptors. This particular change in signal processing in the central nervous system is restored when the ongoing nociceptive input is interrupted, whereas other forms of central sensitization can outlast the duration of the nociceptive input. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development and reversal of fatigue in human tibialis anterior
Authors: Reid Michael B. , Grubwieser Gert J. , Stokic Dobrivoje S. , Koch Stephen M. , Leis A. Arturo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe lack of easily measurable, objective physiologic indices of muscle fatigue in humans has hampered the evaluation of interventions that putatively inhibit muscle fatigue. In 6 healthy subjects, isometric fatigue of right and left tibialis anterior (TA) was produced using 180 s of intermittent electrical stimulation to the motor point (40 Hz, 650‐ms or 250‐ms trains, 1 train/s). The time course, magnitude, and reproducibility of fatigue and recovery from fatigue was established, and the effect of duty cycle measured. During fatigue, force fell rapidly in all subjects over the first 70 s, then fell more slowly. Recovery was also biphasic—force increased rapidly over the initial 30 s then slowly—and was incomplete at 300 s. Comparing duty cycles of 0.65 versus 0.25, the longer duty cycle caused a greater fall in force (–65% versus –29%; P < 0.001) and lower recovery (P < 0.02). In all subjects, left leg muscles fatigued more than right. We conclude that this noninvasive fatigue and recovery protocol is highly reproducible and that it may prove useful for evaluating the effects of pharmacologic or restorative interventions on human muscle fatigue. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sensitivity of three median‐to‐ulnar comparative tests in diagnosis of mild carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Uncini Antonino , Dimuzio A. , Awad J. , Manente G. , Tafuro M. , Gambi D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe studied 193 hands of 113 patients referred for typical carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Ninety‐five (49%) hands had normal median distal motor latency (≤4.2 ms) and normal or borderline sensory conduction velocity from digit 2 stimulation (≥45 m/s). In these cases we performed three median to ulnar comparative tests: (1) difference between median and ulnar distal motor latencies recorded from the second lumbrical and interossei muscles (2L‐INT); (2) difference between median and ulnar sensory latencies from digit 4 stimulation (D4M‐D4U); and (3) difference between median and ulnar mixed nerve latencies from palmar stimulation (PM‐PU). The 2L‐INT difference was ≥0.6 ms in 10% of hands. PM‐PU and D4M‐D4U were ≥0.5 ms in 56% and 77% of hands, respectively. The greater sensitivity of D4M‐D4U might be explained by the funicular topography and consequent greater susceptibility to compression of the cutaneous fibers from the third interspace which, at the distal carpal tunnel, are clumped superficially in the anteroulnar portion of the median nerve just beneath the transverse ligament. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Focal myositis of the temporal muscle
Authors: Naumann Markus , Toyka Laus Viktor , Goebel Hans H. , Hofmann Erich , Reichmann Heinz 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFocal myositis is a rare inflammatory disease of the skeletal muscle that may involve any part of the body. We present a 19‐year‐old man with a short history of a painful pseudotumor in the right temporal region. MRI pictures showed a swollen right temporal muscle and muscle biopsy revealed the characteristic histological and immunocytochemical findings of polymyositis. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Issues & Opinions: Practice parameter for electrodiagnostic studies in carpal tunnel syndrome: Summary statemem: American association of electrodiagnostic medicine, american academy of neurology, american academy of physical medicine and rehabilitation
Authors: Jablecki Charles K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral mononeuropathy and often requires one or more therapies including surgery. The results of electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies have been found to be highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of CTS. This document defines the standards, guidelines, and options for EDX studies of CTS based on a critical review of the literature.
Immunohistochemical characterization of human masseter muscle spindles
Authors: Eriksson Per‐Olof , Butler‐Browne Gill S. , Thornell Lars‐Eric 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn enzyme‐ and immunohistochemical study has been performed on human masseter muscle spindles. Antibodies selective for different myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and M‐band proteins (M‐protein, myomesin, and MM‐CK) were used. The expression of these proteins was determined in the different intrafusal fiber types. Nuclear bag1 and nuclear bag2 fibers expressed predominantly slow‐twitch and slow‐tonic MHCs. The bag2 fibers in addition contained fetal MHC. Nuclear chain fibers coexpressed embryonic, fetal, and fast‐twitch MHCs. The bag2 and chain fibers contained all three M‐band proteins, whereas the bag1 fibers contained only myomesin. In general the MHC expression in the human masseter intrafusal fiber types was similar to that previously reported for limb muscles in man as well as for limb and masseter muscles in other species. However, the number of intrafusal fibers per spindle was unusually high (up to 36). This reinforces the idea that masseter muscle spindles have a strong proprioceptive impact during the control of jaw movements. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multifocal cytomegalovirus demyelinative polyneuropathy associated with AIDS
Authors: Morgello Susan , Simpson David M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 47‐year‐old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented 3 months antemortem with the onset of lower extremity sensory abnormalities. A progressive course of multifocal weakness and sensory disturbances ensued. Electrophysiologic studies revealed a generalized asymmetric demyelinating polyneuropathy with secondary axonal loss. The patient was sequentially treated with plasmapheresis, high dose corticosteroids, intravenous immune globulin, and ganciclovir. His neuropathy progressed, and he died of a fulminant bronchopneumonia. At autopsy the patient had a multifocal cytomegalovirus polyradiculoneuropathy, with both demyelinative and necrotizing features. While cytomegalovirus may be associated with a variety of peripheral nerve syndromes, its clinical presentation as a primary demyelinating polyneuropathy is unusual. Its importance vis‐à‐vis potential therapy for AIDS‐associated neuropathies is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human myoblast transplantation in immunodeficient and immunosuppressed mice: Evidence of rejection
Authors: Huard Johnny , Roy Raynald , Guérette Benoît , Verreault Steeve , Trèmblay Genevieve , Tremblay Jacques P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNormal human myoblasts were cloned and transplanted in the tibialis anterior of immunodeficient nude and SCID mice and in mdx mice under different immunosuppressive treatments (cyclosporine A, CsA; antilymphocyte serum, ALS) or not immunosuppressed. This permitted us to show the interaction of the immune system in the myoblast transplantation. The graft success was assessed by verifying signs of humoral and cellular immune reactions and the presence of dystrophin produced by the fusion of the donor myoblasts. This study showed that clones of human myoblasts were able to fuse and produce dystrophin in injected muscles of immunodeficient mice and mdx mice receiving an effective immunosuppressive treatment (i.e., ALS + CsA). However, the same pool of human myoblasts injected in mdx mice inadequately immunosuppressed (i.e. CsA alone or ALS alone) triggered an immune reaction and was rejected. Cells expressing CD4 and CDS antigens were observed in the injected muscles of mice treated with CsA alone. Therefore, evidence of humoral and cellular rejection was observed following human myoblast transplantation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial myopathy as a cause of exercise intolerance in a horse
Authors: Valberg Stephanie J. , Carlson Gary P. , Cardinet George H. , Birks Eric K. , Jones James H. , Chomyn Anne , DiMauro Salvatore 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAlthough exertional myopathies are commonly recognized in horses, specific etiologies have not been identified. This is the first report in the horse of a deficiency of Complex I respiratory chain enzyme associated with profound exercise intolerance. Physical examination, routine blood tests, endoscopy, and ultrasonograms of the heart and iliac arteries were unremarkable. With slow, incremental exercise (speeds 1.5–7 m/s), the Arabian mare showed a marked lactic acidosis, increased mixed venous PVO2, and little change in oxygen consumption. Muscle biopsies contained large accumulations of mitochondria with bizarre cristae formations. Biochemical analyses revealed a very low activity of the first enzyme complex in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (NADH CoQ reductase). The exercise intolerance and muscle stiffness in this horse were attributed to a profound lactic acidosis resulting from impaired oxidative energy metabolism during exercise. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Kanda Fumio , Fujii Yoshio , Takahashi Keiichi , Fujita Takuo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBody components were measured noninvasively in patients with neuromuscular disease by using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), capable of separately analyzing fat, bone, and muscle content. In all patients with muscle atrophy of myogenic or neurogenic origin, muscle mass was markedly reduced. Although all three components (fat, muscle, and bone) were decreased in neurogenic atrophy patients, fat mass alone was increased significantly in myogenic atrophy patients. The fat/muscle ratio (f/m) was significantly higher in myogenic atrophy patients than in the normal controls and neurogenic atrophy patients. The higher f/m ratio in myogenic atrophy patients seems to reflect a marked fat infiltration into atrophied skeletal muscles of patients with primary muscular disease. Using DXA, it is possible to distinguish clearly between myogenic atrophy from neurogenic atrophy, opening the way to an evaluation of the severity of quantitative and qualitative muscle changes in neuromuscular disease. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sensory thresholds in older adults: Reproducibility and reference values
Authors: de Neeling J. Nico D. , Beks Pieter J. , Bertelsmann Frits W. , Heine Robert J. , Bouter Lex M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo evaluate the test–retest reproducibility of vibratory perception (VPT) and thermal discrimination (TDT) thresholds on the foot in older adults, we examined 20 50–76‐year‐old subjects with, and 19 without noninsulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Adjusted reference values for both thresholds were obtained by assessing the relations with age, body height, and sex among 216 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, of the same age, sampled randomly from a geographically defined general population. The VPT appeared to be more reproducible than the TDT (reliability coefficient 0.89 vs. 0.54). The reproducibility of the VPT was inversely related to age and better for men than for women. Diabetes and glycemic level did not affect the reproducibility of either threshold. Both thresholds were related to age and height. Women had a higher VPT than men. The relations between sex and sensory thresholds at the lower limb, reported in previous studies, were probably confounded by height. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Parvalbumin immunocytochemistry and calcium deposition in muscle fiber necrosis and subsequent regeneration following intramuscular injection of metoclopramide
Authors: Olive Montserrat , Rivera Rosa , Ferrer Isidro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have studied the sequential change of parvalbumin immunocytochemistry and its correlation with intracellular Ca242+ deposition in an animal model of muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration induced by intramuscular injection of metoclopramide. Twenty‐four hours after the drug's injection, extensive muscle fiber necrosis, together with dramatic loss of parvalbumin immunoreactivity and intracellular Ca2+ deposition, was observed. Muscle fiber regeneration began on day 4 after the injection and was complete by the end of the third week. Parvalbumin was not detected in the regenerating fibers, but gradually emerged during the second week as muscle fibers increased in size. It can be suggested that loss of parvalbumin in necrotic fibers is secondary to the loss in integrity of the sarcolemma. Alternatively, loss of parvalbumin in degenerating fibers may impair calcium buffering and act as a contributory factor in the necrotic process. The progressive appearance of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in regenerating fibers parallels that found in normal myogenesis. © 1994 John & Sons, Inc.
The relationship between body mass index and the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Werner Robert A. , Albers James W. , Franzblau Alfred , Armstrong Thomas J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIncreased weignt and, more recently, body mass index (BMI), have been suggested as risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In an effort to determine the relative risk (RR) of obesity in the development of CTS, 949 patients who had an evaluation of the right upper extremity that included motor and sensory conduction studies of the median and ulnar nerves were reviewed. Of these patients, 261 were diagnosed with a median mononeuropathy at the wrist. Those individuals who were classified as obese (BMI > 29) were 2.5 times more likely than slender individuals (BMI < 20) to be diagnosed with CTS. Forty‐three percent of obese women and 32% of obese men had the diagnosis of CTS compared to 21% of slender women and 0% of slender men. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy in Taiwan: Identification of transthyretin variant (Leu55 → Pro)
Authors: Yamamoto Kanji , Hsu Shih‐Pin , Yoshida Kunihiro , Ikeda Shu‐ichi , Nakazato Masamitsu , Shiomi Kazutaka , Cheng Shaw‐Yi , Furihata Kenichi , Ueno Ichiro , Yanagisawa Nobuo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report a family with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), showing an early‐onset and a fatal outcome before age 30. Transthyretin (TTR) gene analysis showed one point mutation (T → C change) in the second base of codon 55, and the corresponding amino acid substitution of proline (Pro) for leucine (Leu) was confirmed at the protein level. This is the first FAP family of Taiwanese origin demonstrating a causative gene abnormality, and FAP with TTR‐Pro55 was considered to be more serious compared with other forms of FAP. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Suppression and long latency excitation of single spinal motoneurons by transcranial magnetic stimulation in health, multiple sclerosis, and stroke
Authors: Boniface S. J. , Schubert M. , Mills K. R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWhether or not suppression at the level of the spinal motoneuron plays a role in motor deficits such as central paresis is unknown. In this study suppression in the firing of tonically active low threshold single motoneurons following low intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation is described in health and disease. Changes in firing probability in the absence of an early excitatory response were studied in a total of 14 motor units from 4 healthy subjects, 5 patients with multiple sclerosis, and 1 patient with stroke. Firing probability began to fall 18–59 ms after the stimulus and remained low for a period of 27–133 ms. There were no obvious differences between the three subject groups. The change in firing probability was not associated with specific physical signs. Late rises in firing probability were seen in 7 of the 14 motor units at latencies that were similar to the secondary peak which is known to occur with higher stimulus intensities. It is argued that the mechanism of partial suppression is not dependent on the full integrity of the pyramidal tract and is likely to involve a transient withdrawal of descending excitatory drive rather than an inhibitory postsynaptic potential at the spinal motoneuron. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prolonged paralysis due to nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents and corticosteroids
Authors: Barohn Richard J. , Jackson Carlayne E. , Rogers Susan J. , Ridings Larry W. , McVey April L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe long‐term use of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (ND‐NMBA) has recently been implicated as a cause of prolonged muscle weakness, although the site of the lesion and the predisposing factors have been unclear. We report 3 patients (age 37–52 years) with acute respiratory insufficiency who developed prolonged weakness following the discontinuation of ND‐NMBAs. Two patients also received intravenous corticosteroids. Renal function was normal but hepatic function was impaired in all patients, and all had acidosis. Electrophysiologic studies revealed low amplitude compound motor action potentials, normal sensory studies, and fibrillations. Repetitive stimulation at 2 Hz showed a decremental response in 2 patients. The serum vecuronium level measured in 1 patient 14 days after the drug had been discontinued was 172 ng/mL. A muscle biopsy in this patient showed loss of thick, myosin filaments. The weakness in these patients is due to pathology at both the neuromuscular junction (most likely due to ND‐NMBA) and muscle (most likely due to corticosteroids). Hepatic dysfunction and acidosis are contributing risk factors. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reference values of motor unit action potentials obtained with multi‐MUAP analysis
Authors: Bischoff Christian , Stålberg Erik , Falck Björn , Eeg‐Olofsson Karin Edebol 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe collected reference values of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) from healthy deltoid, brachial biceps, first dorsal interosseous, lateral vastus, and anterior tibial muscles in 105 subjects between 15 and 86 years. The MUAPs were recorded with a concentric needle electrode and extracted with a decomposition method we call multi‐MUAP analysis. The main goal is to identify and extract MUAPs. Also, the firing pattern of the motor units can be followed. No significant changes with age were found for duration, spike duration, thickness, amplitude, area, size index, or number of phases in all muscles studied. We did not find any influence of gender or height. We found higher amplitudes and shorter durations compared with previous studies. This may be due to a higher contraction level that can be used with a decomposition technique. No right‐left side differences were found. The coefficient of variation of the parameters in repeated examinations was small, which implies a good reliability of the measurements. Interexaminer variability of four investigators was not greater than in repeated studies. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Muscle fiber conduction velocity in the diagnosis of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis—invasive versus surface determination
Authors: van der Hoeven J. H. , Links T. P. , Zwarts M. J. , van Weerden T. W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMuscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) in the brachial biceps muscle was determined in a large family of patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOPP) by both a surface and an invasive method. Other surface EMG parameters and the muscle force were also determined. Both the surface and the invasive method showed a significantly lower mean MFCV in the proven gene carriers but only the invasive method showed a lower MFCV in all proven carriers. It can be concluded that MFCV determination is a reliable method to detect the membrane defect in HOPP carriers and that the invasive method is not only easy to perform, but also more sensitive. The muscle force and the integrated EMG at maximal voluntary contraction were lower in the carrier group. A positive correlation between the surface MFCV and the neuromuscular efficiency (the quotient of force and integrated EMG) was found in the controls but not in the HOPP carriers. Since type II fibers have a higher neuromuscular efficiency, this suggests a preferential involvement of type II fibers in HOPP. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.