bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mood disturbance and neurosteroids in women with breast cancer
Authors: Kagaya Ariyuki , Okamura Hitoshi , Takebayashi Minoru , Akechi Tatsuo , Morinobu Shigeru , Yamawaki Shigeto , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe studied the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in breast cancer women and the neurosteroid concentrations in those subjects during cancer treatment to examine whether some biological factors change during psychiatric morbidity. Of the 49 eligible women, four were diagnosed with major depression and 16 with an adjustment disorder. Patients with an adjustment disorder had a significantly lower mean age than those with no psychiatric morbidity. Measurements of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), estradiol and cortisol did not reveal significant differences among the three groups. We also did not find a significant correlation between any subscale of the Profile of Mood States and concentration of any of the steroids measured. Plasma DHEA, DHEAS, estradiol or cortisol values did not differ among women treated with tamoxifen alone, with chemotherapy alone or with both of these therapies. These results indicate that psychiatric morbidity is very high in women with breast cancer, but do not suggest that plasma neurosteroid levels are associated with psychiatric morbidity or with treatment of breast cancer. It is difficult to predict psychiatric morbidity in women with breast cancer from the viewpoint of biological measurements because the relationship between biological factors and psychiatric factors is complicated in these patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute psychotic episodes as a reaction to severe trauma in a population of Ethiopian immigrants to Israel
Authors: Grisaru Nimrod , Irwin Martin , Kaplan Zeev 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe Ethiopian immigrant community in Israel numbers over 50 000 people. Many arrived in Israel after serious trauma that can be compared to an Holocaust experience. Thousands experienced long treks by foot through desert areas where children and elders died of starvation and fatigue, spouses were separated or lost, and robbery and rape were common. Thirty‐six psychiatric admissions of Ethiopian immigrants to the Beersheva Mental Health Center were reviewed. We suggest that in this population, severe stress and traumatic experience take the form of a brief reactive psychosis and not the form of the ‘classical’ post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Familiarity with the phenomena may be useful to Western psychiatrists to give the right diagnosis and treatment and to avoid unnecessary hospitalization or neuroleptic treatment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional intelligence training and its implications for stress, health and performance
Authors: Slaski Mark , Cartwright Susan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study builds on earlier work (Slaski & Cartwright, 2002), examining the role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) as a moderator in the stress process. A sample of UK managers (n = 60) were given training in emotional intelligence. Pre and post measures were taken relating to EI, stress and health and management performance. The study also incorporated a matched control group. It was found that training resulted in increased EI and improved health and well being. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational learning and strategic renewal
Authors: Crossan Mary M. , Berdrow Iris 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper attempts to fill an important gap in the integration of strategy and organizational learning through empirical research that examines the process of strategic renewal using a comprehensive framework of organizational learning. The 4I framework of organizational learning is used to examine the phenomenon of strategic renewal at Canada Post Corporation (CPC). The study illustrates the underlying processes that form the tension between exploration and exploitation, demonstrating why strategic renewal is so challenging. Furthermore, it challenges assumptions about organizational learning, suggesting that we need to demystify organizational learning by removing the halo that surrounds it. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic decision speed and firm performance
Authors: Robert Baum J. , Wally Stefan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis 4‐year study examines the effect of strategic decision speed upon subsequent firm performance and identifies environmental and organizational characteristics that relate to decision speed. We draw upon strategic decision‐making theory and organization theory to propose that strategic decision speed mediates the relation between environmental and organizational characteristics and performance. Measures of business environment, organization structure, strategic decision speed, and firm performance (growth and profitability) were collected from 318 CEOs from 1996 to 2000. Structural equation modeling confirmed that fast strategic decision‐making predicts subsequent firm growth and profit and mediates the relation of dynamism, munificence, centralization, and formalization with firm performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A bargaining perspective on resource advantage
Authors: Lippman Steven A. , Rumelt Richard P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWhereas prices serve to allocate many resources in market economies, there remain vast reservoirs of unpriced resources to be managed. Business management and strategy concerns the creation, evaluation, manipulation, administration, and deployment of unpriced specialized scarce resource combinations. This paper applies the formalism of cooperative game theory to these concerns. In cooperative game theory, rents appear as the negotiated payments for the services of scarce valuable resources. The division of surplus is determined by the relative values created by different use combinations of resources. Within this framework, the strategy problem is clearly seen as one of discovering or estimating the value of various resource combinations. New wealth can be created by trade in resources as long as there are hitherto unexamined combinations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational structure, context, customer orientation, and performance: lessons from Chinese state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Lin Xiaohua , Germain Richard 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study develops a model grounded in the contingency theory (i.e., context–structure–performance) applicable to Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). Using data from a sample of 205 industrial SOEs, the study shows that SOE growth performance relative to the industry is positively predicted by formal control, inversely predicted by decentralization, and positively predicted by the interaction of the two. Customer product knowledge utilization, unrelated to growth performance relative to the industry, is positively predicted by formal control and the interaction of formal control with decentralization. Foreign induced industry competitiveness, technological turbulence, size, and production technology routineness are treated as context variables and modeled accordingly. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political hazards, experience, and sequential entry strategies: the international expansion of Japanese firms, 1980–1998
Authors: Delios Andrew , Henisz Witold J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe find support for the role of experiential learning in the international expansion process by extending the stages model of internationalization to incorporate a sophisticated consideration of temporal and cross‐national variation in the credibility of the policy environment. Using a sample of 3857 international expansions of 665 Japanese manufacturing firms, we build on the concepts of uncertainty and experiential learning, to show that firms that had gathered relevant types of international experience were less sensitive to the deterring effect of uncertain policy environments on investment. One implication of our results is that research on international strategy should emphasize understanding the political institutions that constrain or enable political actors, just as entry mode research has done. A second implication is that research in the stages model of internationalization should give the same weight to the policy environment as a source of uncertainty to a firm, as it has given to cultural, social and market institutions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general purpose adaptivity driver for FE software
Authors: Müller Jens , Korvink Jan G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper describes a tool that serves as an automatic mesh adaptivity driver program for general purpose finite element (FE) software packages. Many commercially available FE programs lack a feature to control the numerical solution's accuracy properly. Our tool implements a mesh adaptive method that, in conjunction with separate finite element software, allows one to fully automatically improve the quality of the numerical solution up to a user specified accuracy. We demonstrate the use of the package with selected computational examples performed with a commercial FE package, ANSYS, and with our FE program FEMEngine. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Horizontal communication: a style to compose control software
Authors: van Ommering Rob 
Published: September 2003

AbstractConsumer products become more complex and diverse, integrating functions that were previously available only in separate products. We believe that to build such products efficiently, a compositional approach is required. While this is quite feasible in hardware, we would like to achieve the same in software, especially in the low‐level software that drives the hardware. We found this to be possible, but only if we let software components communicate horizontally, exchanging information along software channels that mirror the hardware signal topology. In this paper a concrete protocol implementing this style of control is described and many examples are given of its use. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of control system design and implementation over the internet using the Jini technology
Authors: Yang S. H. , Chen X. , Yang L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper describes an approach for the integration of control system software design, testing, and implementation over the Internet using the Java and Jini technologies. Process models and control systems are remotely designed and tested in a virtual laboratory (also called the virtual world), and then implemented in a physical plant (also called the real world) through an integrated environment. Although control system and process model designers and real‐site operators are geographically dispersed they work together as a team over the Internet to provide the maintenance support to all the authorized industrial processes. As a consequence, time and money can both be saved because there is no need for an expert of the control software supplier to travel to the site of the real plant and conduct on‐site implementation. A generic control system life cycle model is presented first in this paper. Then three enabling technologies including Java, Jini and WWW are briefly introduced. Taking advantage of the Java, Jini and WWW technologies, an Internet‐based general infrastructure is proposed to remotely facilitate process modelling, control system design, simulation, validation and on‐site implementation. An integrated environment is established to implement the infrastructure. A water tank with a liquid level control system is refereed as a case study to illustrate how the prototype of the integrated environment works over the Internet. Further work and the conclusions are given at the end. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ESA/NASA SOHO mission interruption: using the STAMP accident analysis technique for a software related ‘mishap’
Authors: Johnson C. W. , Holloway C. M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMishap investigations provide important information about adverse events and are intended to help avoid any recurrence of previous failures. However, the complexity of many safety critical systems poses new challenges for mishap analysis. Similarly, the recognition that many failures have complex, systemic causes has helped to widen the scope of many mishap investigations. A new generation of mishap analysis techniques has been proposed to help investigators address these problems. For instance, Leveson has recently developed the Systems Theory Accident Modelling and Process (STAMP) approach to address some of the weaknesses associated with previous ‘chain of event’ approaches that can miss the systemic causes of adverse events. There are relatively few examples of the STAMP approach. This paper, therefore, presents the results obtained when two analysts performed an independent application of this technique to analyse the causes, including software problems, which led to the mission interruption of the joint European Space Agency (ESA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Solar and Heliocentric Observatory (SOHO). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The value of an emergent notion of authenticity: Examples from two student/teacher–scientist partnership programs
Authors: Rahm Jrene , Miller Heather C. , Hartley Laurel , Moore John C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe make the case for an emergent notion of authenticity of science based on systems theory and neo‐Piagetian thought. We propose that authentic science is an emergent property of a dynamic system of learning precipitated by the interactions among students, teachers, and scientists that occur within the contexts defined by the internal and external constraints of the cultures of the schools and communities within which they operate. Authenticity as an emergent property of the learning process challenges the basis for many science curricula and current pedagogical practices that take scientists' science as their norm and that assume a priori that such is authentic, i.e., it practices preauthentication. We argue that what constitutes authentic science can be taught neither in the traditional didactic modes nor through simulations of scientists' science in the classroom. Instead, authenticity needs to be seen as emergent and as diverse in meaning. To illustrate this point, we draw from two different face‐to‐face, teacher/student–scientist partnership programs. Both studies support a notion of authenticity that emerges as teachers, students, and scientists come to interact, make meaning of, and come to own the activities they engage in collaboratively. We conclude by considering the implications of such an analysis for science education. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 737–756, 2003
Developing the changes in attitude about the relevance of science (CARS) questionnaire and assessing two high school science classes
Authors: Siegel Marcelle A. , Ranney Michael A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study has two purposes: (a) methodological—to design and test a new instrument able to reflect changes in attitudes toward science over time, and (b) investigative—to find out the effect of two similar curricular treatments on the attitudes of two classes. Items about the relevance of science to students' lives were developed, pilot‐tested, and analyzed using Rasch modeling. We then divided reliable items into three equivalent questionnaire forms. The final three forms of the questionnaire were used to assess high school students' attitudes. Over 18 weeks, one class used a core curriculum (Science and Sustainability) to learn science in the context of making decisions about societal issues. A second class used the same core curriculum, but with parts replaced by computer‐based activities (Convince Me) designed to enhance the coherence of students' arguments. Using traditional and Rasch modeling techniques, we assessed the degrees to which such instructional activities promoted students' beliefs that science is relevant to them. Both classes tended to agree more, over time, that science is relevant to their lives, and the increases were statistically equivalent between classes. This study suggests that, by using innovative, issue‐based activities, it is possible to enhance students' attitudes about the relevance of science. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 757–775, 2003
Beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of science teachers regarding the educational use of computer simulations and inquiry‐based experiments in physics
Authors: Zacharia Zacharias 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate (a) what effect the use of interactive computer‐based simulations (ICBSs), the use of laboratory inquiry‐based experiments (LIBEs), and the use of combinations of an ICBS and a LIBE, in a conceptually oriented physics course, have on science teachers' beliefs about and attitudes toward the use of these learning and teaching tools, as well as the effect on their intentions to incorporate these tools in their own future teaching practices, (b) science teachers' attitudes toward physics and the effect that the use of ICBSs and/or LIBEs have on teachers' attitudes toward physics, and (c) whether teachers' beliefs have an effect on their attitudes and whether their attitudes have an effect on their intentions. A pre–post comparison study and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) were used for this purpose. Results confirmed the TRA model that beliefs affect attitudes and these attitudes then affect intentions, and showed that science teachers' attitudes toward physics, the use of an ICBS, the use of a LIBE, and the use of a combination of an ICBS and an LIBE were highly positive at the end of the study. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 792–823, 2003
Frequency of HLA class 1 and 2 alleles in Brazilian patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis
Authors: De Lourdes Veronese Rodrigues Maria , De Castro Figueiredo José Fernando , Deghaide Neifi Hassan Saloum , Romão Erasmo , De Souza Nivaldo Vieira , Donadi Eduardo Antonio 
Published: September 2003

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class 1 (HLA‐A and HLA‐B) and HLA class 2 (HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1) allele profiles in the susceptibility to cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV‐R) in patients with AIDS. Methods:  Cytomegalovirus retinitis was clinically diagnosed by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy. Human leucocyte antigens class 1 were typed using a complement‐dependent microlymphocytotoxicity assay, and HLA class 2 alleles were identified using amplified DNA hybridized to sequence‐specific oligonucleotide primers. Results:  The frequencies of HLA class 1 antigens and HLA class 2 alleles observed in patients and controls were similar; however, HLA‐A31 antigen was over‐represented in patients with AIDS, independent of the presence of CMV‐R. Conclusion:  There was no association between HLA molecules/alleles and CMV‐R in Brazilian patients with AIDS. However, the results support the role of the HLA system in the susceptibility to developing AIDS.
Regulation of bovine corneal endothelial cell cycle by transforming growth factor‐β
Authors: Motegi Yutaka , Usui Tomohiro , Ishida Kouichi , Kato Satoshi , Yamashita Hidetoshi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract.Purpose:  The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family includes three multifunctional proteins, TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2 and TGF‐β3, expressed in ocular tissue, which are involved in regulating cell differentiation, cell proliferation and other cell functions. TGF‐β is present in aqueous humour and regulates corneal endothelial cells. This study explores the mechanism by which TGF‐β regulates the cell cycle in cultured corneal endothelial cells. Methods:  The expression of specific receptors for the TGF‐β family was investigated at the protein level by affinity cross‐linking with radio‐iodinated TGF‐β1 and immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies to TGF‐β receptors. Regulation of entry into the S‐phase of the cell cycle was determined by 5‐bromo‐2′ deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into the cells. The signal transduction pathways were investigated using various blocking agents for protein kinase transducers involved in intracytoplasmic signal transduction. Results:  Cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells were confirmed to express TGF‐β type 1 and type 2 receptors and endoglin. In the confluent state, TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2 stimulated the cells to progress to the S‐phase of the cell cycle through platelet‐derived growth factor‐B (PDGF‐B) chain production and protein kinase C. Conclusions:  TGF‐β accelerated cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S‐phase in cultured corneal endothelial cells, under our experimental conditions, through pathways involving protein kinase C. These pathways are related to the cross‐talk between TGF‐β and other cytokines. The conditions employed in the present experiments may be useful for investigating the complex cross‐talk between various cytokines and growth factors.
Chronic angle closure glaucoma secondary to frail zonular fibres and spherophakia
Authors: Asaoka Ryo , Kato Masaru , Suami Masahiro , Usami Yoshimasa , Hotta Yoshihiro , Sato Miho 
Published: September 2003

Abstract.Purpose:  We describe a 39‐year‐old Japanese woman with chronic angle closure glaucoma secondary to spherophakia and frail zonular fibres. The patient was 143 cm in height with short fingers and had no family history of eye problems. High intraocular pressure, total optic disc cupping and severe visual field constriction were found in the right eye. Methods:  The patient was treated successfully with trabeculectomy in the right eye and laser iridotomy in the left eye. Conclusion:  The clinical findings imply that this was a borderline case of Weil–Marchesani syndrome.
Contact versus peribulbar anaesthesia in trabeculectomy: a prospective randomized clinical study
Authors: Pablo Luis E. , Pérez‐Oliván Susana , Ferreras Antonio , Polo Vicente , Gómez Maria Luisa , Honrubia Francisco M. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative pain scores and complication rates in trabeculectomy under contact‐topical anaesthesia versus peribulbar injection anaesthesia. Methods:  A total of 100 patients selected to undergo primary trabeculectomy were randomly allocated to receive either contact or peribulbar anaesthesia. Patients were asked to rate their pain levels on a 5‐point scale for four periods: during the administration of the anaesthetic agent, during surgery, immediately after surgery and 24 hours postoperatively. At the same time, the surgeon was asked to record his subjective assessment of the stress he himself had suffered during the course of the intervention. Surgical parameters, intra‐ and early postoperative complications were also evaluated. Results:  The difference between groups was statistically significant during anaesthetic administration. Six patients who received contact‐topical anaesthesia reported mild discomfort during delivery of the anaesthetic agent, while 43 patients complained of mild to severe pain during the injection of bupivacaine (p < 0.001). Thirty‐two patients in the contact anaesthesia group and 26 in the injected anaesthesia group reported no pain during surgery (p = 0.127). Only one patient in each group reported mild pain 30 min postoperatively. We found no differences between pain rates after surgery. Complications included prolonged chemosis and we also noted that conjunctival haemorrhage occurred more frequently in the peribulbar group than in the contact anaesthesia group (p = 0.012). Conclusion:  Both anaesthetic methods provided high levels of pain control without additional sedation during surgery. The use of contact‐topical anaesthesia reduces both pain and the possibility of complications during the administration of anaesthetics.