bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of serum‐free medium on the expression of glutamate transporters and the susceptibility to glutamate toxicity in cultured cortical neurons
Authors: Velasco Iván , Velasco‐Velázquez Marco A. , Salazar Patricia , Lajud Naima , Tapia Ricardo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe presence of glia and glial glutamate transporters seems to modify glutamate‐mediated toxicity in neuronal cultures. In this work we cultured cortical cells in serum‐containing medium and in a serum‐free medium (Neurobasal medium + B27 supplement) and studied the expression of the glutamate transporters GLAST, GLT, and EAAC by immunocytochemistry and RT‐PCR. The proportion of glial cells was below 10% in the Neurobasal medium and 46% in the serum‐containing medium. Semiquantitative evaluation of the mRNA for the glutamate transporters showed similar amounts in cells grown in serum‐free and serum‐containing media. We detected immunoreactivity for the three transporters in both media, but EAAC was coexpressed with the neuronal marker MAP2, whereas GLAST and GLT predominated in nonneuronal cells. When the cultures were treated with glutamate for 15 min, the cultures in serum‐containing medium showed a clear concentration‐dependent neuronal death, whereas cells primed in this medium and switched to Neurobasal medium, as well as cells grown only in the latter, were less sensitive to glutamate concentrations up to 1 mM. A similar difference in the sensitivity to excitotoxicity was observed when the glutamate uptake inhibitor L‐trans‐2,4‐pyrrolidine‐dicarboxylate was applied during 6 hr, although the accumulation of extracellular glutamate was similar in the two media. We conclude that glutamate transporters with the culture conditions studied are sensitive to glutamate uptake inhibition and that Neurobasal/B27 medium protects cells against excitotoxicity. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genes regulated by learning in the hippocampus
Authors: Leil Tarek A. , Ossadtchi Alex , Nichols Thomas E. , Leahy Richard M. , Smith Desmond J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe enduring changes in long‐term memory probably depend on regulation of gene expression in the hippocampus. To seek genes regulated by learning, we used microarray technology to compare hippocampal gene expression in mice undergoing training in the Morris water maze and control mice forced to swim for the same period in the absence of a hidden platform. ANOVA was employed to prioritize genes for further study, and three genes were confirmed by real‐time PCR as being regulated during learning. One of the genes was the α subunit of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (Pdgfra); another showed homology to DnaJ and cAMP response element‐binding protein 2 (CREB2); and a third was novel. These genes may provide useful insights into the molecular mechanisms of hippocampal learning. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BDNF‐induced survival of auditory neurons in vivo: Cessation of treatment leads to accelerated loss of survival effects
Authors: Gillespie Lisa N. , Clark Graeme M. , Bartlett Perry F. , Marzella Phillip L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeurotrophic factors are important for the development and maintenance of the auditory system. They have also been shown to act as survival factors for auditory neurons in animal deafness models. Studies have demonstrated recently that these neurotrophic factors not only maintain survival of auditory neurons, but that these surviving neurons retain functionality. It remains to be determined, however, if a single administration of a neurotrophic factor is sufficient to maintain auditory neuron survival after loss of hair cells, or if sustained delivery is required. This study investigated the longevity of the survival effects of BDNF on auditory neurons in deafened guinea pigs. Briefly, the left cochleae of deafened guinea pigs were infused with BDNF for 28 days via a mini‐osmotic pump, and neuronal survival was analyzed at various stages after the completion of treatment. BDNF treatment prevented the degeneration of auditory neurons that normally is seen after a loss of hair cells, supporting previous studies. Our results indicate, however, that cessation of BDNF treatment leads to an accelerated decline in auditory neuron survival as compared to that observed in deafened, untreated cochleae. These findings indicate that much work remains to be done to establish a technique for the long‐term survival of auditory neurons in the deaf ear. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Holocene molluscan faunal history and environmental change at Kloster Mühle, Rheinland‐Pfalz, western Germany
Authors: Meyrick R. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Holocene molluscan succession presented here, from a tufa at Kloster Mühle, near Trier, is the most detailed yet published from the German Bundesland of Rheinland‐Pfalz. The base of the sequence, dated at 9720 ± 7514C yr BP, indicates that the early Holocene was characterised by a moist, open‐ground fauna dominated bySuccinea/Oxyloma. The aquatic phase that follows is short lived, bracketed by statistically indistinguishable dates of 9530 ± 6014C yr BP (below) and 9695 ± 7514C yr BP (above). The establishment of woodland is indicated by the appearance ofAegopinella nitidula,Vertigo pusillaand especiallyCarychium tridentatum, which subsequently expands to account for over 40% of the total fauna. Deciduous forest optimum conditions, characterised by the occurrence ofPlatyla politaandHelicigona lapicida, become established at about 7405 ± 5014C yr BP. The radiocarbon age of 4384 ± 10514C yr BP obtained for the uppermost tufa horizon is much younger than expected, both on the basis of the molluscan fauna observed and the implied decline in the rate of sedimentation in the upper part of the deposit, and tufa formation probably ceased much earlier than this date suggests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
River sediments, great floods and centennial‐scale Holocene climate change
Authors: Macklin Mark G. , Lewin John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new analysis of all 346 published 14C dated Holocene alluvial units in Britain offers a unique insight into the regional impacts of global change and shows how surprisingly sensitive British rivers have been to relatively modest but repeated changes in climate. Fourteen major but probably brief periods of flooding are identified bracketed within the periods 400–1070, 1940–3940, 7520–8100 and at ca. 10 420 cal. yr BP. There is a strong correspondence between climatic deteriorations inferred from mire wet shifts and major periods of flooding, especially at ca. 8000 cal. yr BP and since ca. 4000 cal. yr BP. The unusually long and complete British record also demonstrates that alterations in land cover have resulted in a step change in river basin sensitivity to variations in climate. This has very important implications for assessing and mitigating the impact of increasing severe flooding. In small and medium‐sized river basins land use is likely to play a key role in either moderating or amplifying the climatic signal. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relict mountain slope deposits of northern Portugal: facies, sedimentogenesis and environmental implications
Authors: Texier Jean‐Pierre , Meireles José 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with the formation processes and the palaeoenvironmental significance of relict slope deposits located on the uppermost part of the north Portugal mountains. For this purpose, seven key sites representative of the different lithofacies have been selected and analysed in detail. The data show that three main dynamic processes are responsible for the emplacement of regional fossil slope deposits: runoff, debris flows and dry grain flows. The ubiquity of these processes and the lack of frost‐related features or landforms do not support the existence of severe Pleistocene climates in this part of the lberian Peninsula as postulated by previous work. Pedological data gathered at one of the study sites show that a subalpine environment was probably present at 700–800 m altitude between 29 and 14 kyr. Using data from the Pyrenees Mountains, a 6.5 to 12°C depression in mean annual temperature has been tentatively postulated for this Pleniglacial period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of lucigenin on Ag nanoparticles studied by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy: effect of different anions on the intensification of Raman spectra
Authors: Millán Juan I. , Garcia‐Ramos José V. , Sanchez‐Cortes Santiago , Rodríguez‐Amaro Rafael 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe normal Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of acridine derivative lucigenin were analysed on Ag colloid. The effect of different anions on the adsorption mechanism of this molecule was also investigated under different experimental conditions, i.e. excitation wavelength and adsorbate concentration, in order to study the different adsorption of the molecule on the metal under different conditions. The adsorption of lucigenin, which is under the dicationic form, changes depending on the anion added to the surface: in the presence of chloride the molecule forms an ion pair, with a predominant perpendicular orientation, whereas in the presence of sulphate and nitrate, the adsorption is weak and the dication seems to adopt a different orientation with respect to the surface. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra and force field calculation of A2Mn2O7 (A = Y, Dy, Er, Yb) pyrochlores
Authors: Brown Sonal , Gupta H. C. , Alonso J. A. , Martinez‐Lope M. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRaman and infrared spectra were recorded for A2Mn2O7 (A = Y, Dy, Er, Yb) pyrochlores. For the first time, lattice dynamic analysis of cubic manganate pyrochlores was carried out using a short‐range force model with four stretching and four bending force constants at the zone center. The assignment of all their modes is proposed. The calculated force constants are discussed and compared for the different pyrochlores. The evaluated wavenumbers are close to the available observed infrared and Raman wavenumbers, giving further support to the present assignments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitization of thermotolerant SCK cells to hyperthermia and freezing with reduction of intracellular pH: Implications for cryosurgery
Authors: Burgher Abram H. , Swanlund David J. , Griffin Robert J. , Song Chang W. , Bischof John C. , Roberts Kenneth P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDuring cryosurgery, cells frozen slowly at the outer part of the ice ball undergo severe dehydration and are subject to solute effects injury, which may be caused in part by protein denaturation. This study was undertaken to determine whether heat shock proteins (HSPs), the molecular chaperones that stabilize proteins against denaturation, have a protective effect on cells during slow freezing. In addition, we aimed to determine whether acidic conditions, similar to those found in many solid tumors, would effect this protection.MethodsSCK cells were frozen at 5°C/min to −10°C or −20°C before or after induction of thermotolerance, and at neutral or low pH conditions. Lethal damage was determined by clonogenics.ResultsClonogenic survival was decreased by 50% in thermotolerant cells frozen to −10°C after culture in acidic conditions (pH 6.6) compared with non‐thermotolerant cells cultured at neutral pH. Induction of thermotolerance alone or low pH alone did not significantly sensitize SCK cells to freezing. All treatment groups were equally susceptible to killing when frozen to −20°C.ConclusionsOur results show that induction of thermal tolerance does not protect SCK cells against subsequent freezing injury and that a low pH environment actually sensitizes these cells to freeze injury. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:160–169. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of low power laser therapy and exercise on pain and functions in chronic low back pain
Authors: Gur Ali , Karakoc Mehmet , Cevik Remzi , Nas Kemal , Sarac Aysegul Jale , Karakoc Meral 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether low power laser therapy (Gallium–Arsenide) is useful or not for the therapy of chronic low back pain (LBP).Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis study included 75 patients (laser + exercise—25, laser alone—25, and exercise alone—25) with LBP. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Schober test, flexion and lateral flexion measures, Roland Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) and Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ) were used in the clinical and functional evaluations pre and post therapeutically. A physician, who was not aware of the therapy undertaken, evaluated the patients.ResultsSignificant improvements were noted in all groups with respect to all outcome parameters, except lateral flexion (P < 0.05).ConclusionsLow power laser therapy seemed to be an effective method in reducing pain and functional disability in the therapy of chronic LBP. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:233–238, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nostalgia for early experience as a determinant of consumer preferences
Authors: Schindler Robert M. , Holbrook Morris B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStudies of music, motion pictures, movie stars, and fashion products have shown that styles popular during a consumer's youth can influence the consumer's lifelong preferences. The authors present an integrative model of this phenomenon and propose that these nostalgic effects are not limited to products that relate to the arts and entertainment or are primarily aesthetic. As an illustrative example, the authors investigate the effects of early experience on consumer preferences for automobile styles. Consistent with expectations, they find that men do but women do not show evidence of nostalgic attachment to the styles experienced in their youth—that is, their preferences peaked for products that were popular when they were young. Also, as expected, individual differences in the psychographic variable of nostalgia proneness play a role in moderating these effects. These findings expand the understanding of the generality, the boundaries, and the managerial relevance of the age‐related peak‐preference phenomenon. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A conceptual model of perceived customer value in e‐commerce: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Chen Zhan , Dubinsky Alan J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article presents an exploratory study of a conceptual model of perceived customer value in a business‐to‐consumer e‐commerce setting. Key precursors of perceived customer value included in the model are valence of on‐line shopping experience, perceived product quality, perceived risk, and product price. Relationships among these variables (as well as mediating variables) and their relationship to on‐line shoppers' value perceptions are explored. The theoretical framework proposed in this work expands on previous efforts on perceived customer value by including new variables relevant to an e‐commerce setting and by integrating several key variables into one model. The preliminary findings lead to several implications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fhit gene alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a choline‐deficient L‐amino acid–defined diet in rats
Authors: Tsujiuchi Toshifumi , Sasaki Yasutaka , Oka Yasuo , Konishi Yoichi , Tsutsumi Masahiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlterations of the fragile histidine triad (Fhit) gene were investigated in rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a choline‐deficient L‐amino acid–defined (CDAA) diet. Males of the F344 strain, 6 wk of age, were fed a CDAA diet, and subgroups were killed at 2, 4, 12, 20, and 75 wk after the beginning of the experiment. Fifteen hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were noted in rats by the last time point; they were dissected free from the surrounding tissue. Normal control liver specimens were obtained from 6‐wk‐old rats. Total RNAs were extracted from whole livers of animals fed the CDAA diet for 2, 4, 12, and 20 wk and from HCCs, for assessment of aberrant transcription of the Fhit gene by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Aberrant transcripts were detected in livers of rats fed the CDAA diet for 4, 12, and 20 wk, but not 2 wk, as well as in 11 of 15 HCCs (73.3%). Southern blot analysis showed a genomic DNA abnormality in one of seven informative HCCs (14.3%), while Western blot analysis showed reduction of Fhit protein expression in seven of nine HCCs (77.8%). No abnormal expression was evident in the livers after exposure to the CDAA diet for 2–20 wk. These results suggest that Fhit alterations may play important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis due to choline deficiency in rats. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Requirement of c‐jun for testosterone‐induced sensitization to N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide–induced apoptosis
Authors: Shimada Keiji , Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Ishida Eiwa , Kishi Munehiro , Konishi Noboru 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAndrogen stimulation strongly affects the sensitivity to anticancer drug–induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. We investigated the influence of androgen stimulation with testosterone on N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4‐HPR)–induced apoptosis in the androgen‐sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 7, a specific kinase of c‐jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK), significantly inhibited 4‐HPR–induced JNK activation and apoptosis and canceled the hormone‐dependent sensitization. Testosterone activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), activating protein‐1, subsequently increased the expression of c‐jun. In addition, testosterone significantly enhanced in vivo phosphorylation of c‐jun by 4‐HPR as well as JNK activation. Transfection with an antisense oligonucleotide of c‐jun blocked 4‐HPR‐induced apoptosis and the testosterone‐induced sensitization, suggesting a major contribution of the JNK/c‐jun mediated pathway in androgen‐dependent sensitization. Interestingly, inhibition of testosterone‐induced activation by PD98059 also canceled an upregulation of c‐jun and increased apoptosis. These results suggested that modulation of JNK activation and expression of c‐jun through ERK might have been essentially involved in androgen‐mediated sensitization to 4‐HPR‐induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive effects of unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy: A 4‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Alegret Montse , Valldeoriola Francesc , Tolosa Eduardo , Vendrell Pere , Junqué Carme , Martínez José , Rumià Jordi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe assessed the long‐term neuropsychological effects of unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease. Eleven Parkinson's disease patients, from an original cohort of 15 consecutive patients who underwent pallidotomy, were evaluated. A neuropsychological battery was administered to each patient before (3 days) and after (3 months and 4 years) surgery during the effects of levodopa. The following tests were administered: Rey's Auditory‐Verbal Learning Test, Visual Associative Learning test from the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised, Luria's motor alternation, Benton's Judgment of Line Orientation, Trail Making, phonetic verbal fluency, Stroop test, Petrides' working memory tasks, Beck's depression questionnaire and the Maudsley obsessional–compulsive inventory. In the 3‐month postoperative assessment, there was a significant worsening in phonetic verbal fluency and an improvement in Benton's Judgment of Line Orientation test. In the 4‐year follow‐up assessment, phonetic verbal fluency and Benton's Judgment of Line Orientation test returned to baseline scores. Although there was no significant difference between pre‐ and postsurgical scores for long‐term visual associative memory, there was a significant deterioration between 3‐month and 4‐year follow‐up performances. Our results suggest that unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy may produce transient changes in prefrontal and visuospatial functions, but there is no evidence of permanent neuropsychological effects.
Prevalence of PD and other types of parkinsonism in three elderly populations of central Spain
Authors: Benito‐León Julián , Bermejo‐Pareja Félix , Rodríguez Javier , Molina José‐Antonio , Gabriel Rafael , Morales José‐Manuel ,   for the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) Study Group
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other types of parkinsonism in three elderly populations of central Spain was investigated using a door‐to‐door, two‐phase approach. This design called for the administration of a brief questionnaire to subjects 65 years of age or older taken from the census of one urban municipality of Greater Madrid (Margaritas, Getafe), one rural site (Arévalo County, Ávila), and one urban district of Madrid (Lista) in Spain (N = 5,278). Study neurologists extensively investigated those subjects who screened positively. The diagnoses, based on specified criteria, were reviewed to increase reliability across neurologists. We found 118 subjects with parkinsonism: 81 affected by PD (68.6%), 26 drug‐induced parkinsonism (22.0%), 6 parkinsonism in dementia (5.1%), 3 vascular parkinsonism (2.5%), and 2 unspecified parkinsonism (1.7%). The prevalence was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–2.6) for all types of parkinsonism and 1.5% (95% CI, 1.2–1.8) for PD. The prevalence estimates of parkinsonism and PD increased with age, declining at 85 years and over. Age prevalence ratios were higher for men. Twenty‐three subjects (28.4%) of the subjects with PD were detected through the screening and had not been diagnosed previously. Overall prevalence estimates of PD and other types of parkinsonism in central Spain rank at levels similar to those recently reported for other European and non‐European elderly populations. Despite improvement in access to health services, an important proportion of PD patients may never seek neurological attention. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
One‐fascicle median nerve transfer to biceps muscle in C5 and C6 root avulsions of brachial plexus injury
Authors: Sungpet Adisak , Suphachatwong Chanyut , Kawinwonggowit Viroj 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive male patients with avulsions of the C5 and C6 roots of the brachial plexus underwent transfer of one fascicle of the median nerve to the motor branch of the biceps muscle. The mean period of follow‐up was 32 months. The average reinnervation time of the biceps was 3.4 months. Four patients achieved biceps strength of Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 4, and one patient had strength of the biceps of MRC grade 3. The mean period of time from surgery to MRC grade 3 was 9 months. At the last follow‐up examination, grip strength, pinch strength, moving two‐point discrimination, and strength of wrist volar flexion on the affected side were not worse than before the operation in any patient. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:10–13 2003