bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quest for the stereo-electronic requirements for selective agonism for the neurotrophin receptors TrkA and TrkB in 17-spirocyclic-dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives
Authors: Narducci Daniele , Charou Despoina , Rogdakis Thanasis , Zota Ioanna , Bafiti Vivi , Zervou Maria , Katsila Theodora , Gravanis Achille , Prousis Kyriakos C. , Charalampopoulos Ioannis , Calogeropoulou Theodora 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe neurotrophin system plays a pivotal role in the development, morphology, and survival of the nervous system, and its dysregulation has been manifested in numerous neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Neurotrophins NGF and BDNF are major growth factors that prevent neuronal death and synaptic loss through binding with high affinity to their specific tropomyosin-related kinase receptors namely, TrkA and TrkB, respectively. The poor pharmacokinetic properties prohibit the use of neurotrophins as therapeutic agents. Our group has previously synthesized BNN27, a prototype small molecule based on dehydroepiandrosterone, mimicking NGF through the activation of the TrkA receptor.MethodsTo obtain a better understanding of the stereo-electronic requirements for selective activation of TrkA and TrkB receptors, 27 new dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives bearing a C17-spiro-dihydropyran or cyclobutyl moiety were synthesized. The new compounds were evaluated for their ability (a) to selectively activate the TrkA receptor and its downstream signaling kinases Akt and Erk1/2 in PC12 cells, protecting these cells from serum deprivation-induced cell death, and (b) to induce phosphorylation of TrkB and to promote cell survival under serum deprivation conditions in NIH3T3 cells stable transfected with the TrkB receptor and primary cortical astrocytes. In addition the metabolic stability and CYP-mediated reaction was assessed.ResultsAmong the novel derivatives, six were able to selectively protect PC12 cells through interaction with the TrkA receptor and five more to selectively protect TrkB-expressing cells via interaction with the TrkB receptor. In particular, compound ENT-A025 strongly induces TrkA and Erk1/2 phosphorylation, comparable to NGF, and can protect PC12 cells against serum deprivation-induced cell death. Furthermore, ENT-A065, ENT-A066, ENT-A068, ENT-A069, and ENT-A070 showed promising pro-survival effects in the PC12 cell line. Concerning TrkB agonists, ENT-A009 and ENT-A055 were able to induce phosphorylation of TrkB and reduce cell death levels in NIH3T3-TrkB cells. In addition, ENT-A076, ENT-A087, and ENT-A088 possessed antiapoptotic activity in NIH-3T3-TrkB cells exclusively mediated through the TrkB receptor. The metabolic stability and CYP-mediated reaction phenotyping of the potent analogs did not reveal any major liabilities.DiscussionWe have identified small molecule selective agonists of TrkA and TrkB receptors as promising lead neurotrophin mimetics for the development of potential therapeutics against neurodegenerative conditions.
Implementation and evaluation of a palliative care training unit for EMS providers
Authors: Hauch Holger , El Mohaui Naual , Sander Michael , Rellensmann Georg , Berthold Daniel , Kriwy Peter , Zernikow Boris , Wager Julia , Schneck Emmanuel 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe prevalence of children with life-limiting conditions (LLCs) is rising. It is characteristic for these children to require 24/7 care. In emergencies, families must decide to call the emergency medical service (EMS) or a palliative care team (PCT)—if available. For EMS teams, an emergency in a child with an LLC is a rare event. Therefore, EMS providers asked for a training unit (TU) to improve their knowledge and skills in pediatric palliative care.Aim of the studyThe questions were as follows: whether a TU is feasible, whether its integration into the EMS training program was accepted, and whether an improvement of knowledge can be achieved.MethodsWe designed and implemented a brief TU based on findings of a previous study that included 1,005 EMS providers. The topics covered were: (1) basics in palliative home care, (2) theoretical aspects, and (3) practical aspects. After participating in the TU, the participants were given a questionnaire to re-evaluate their learning gains and self-confidence in dealing with emergencies in pediatric patients with LLC.Results782 (77.8%) of 1,005 participants of the previous study responded to the questionnaire. The average age was 34.9 years (±10.7 years SD), and 75.3% were male. The average work experience was 11.4 years (±9.5 years SD), and 15.2% were medical doctors. We found an increase in theoretical knowledge and enhanced self-confidence in dealing with emergencies in patients with LLC (confidence: before training: 3.3 ± 2.0 SD; after training: 5.7 ± 2.1 SD; min.: 1; max.: 10; p &lt; 0.001). The participants changed their approaches to a fictitious case report from more invasive to less invasive treatment. Most participants wanted to communicate directly with PCTs and demanded a standard operating procedure (SOP) for treating patients with LLC. We discussed a proposal for an SOP with the participants.ConclusionEMS providers want to be prepared for emergencies in children with LLCs. A brief TU can improve their knowledge and confidence to handle these situations adequately. This TU is the first step to improve collaboration between PCTs and EMS teams.
Nitrogen balance and gap of a high yield tropical soybean crop under irrigation
Authors: Zambon Leandro Moraes , Umburanas Renan Caldas , Schwerz Felipe , Sousa Jackellyne Bruna , Barbosa Everton Servilho Teixeira , Inoue Letícia Pacheco , Dourado-Neto Durval , Reichardt Klaus 
Published: September 2023

Nitrogen (N) is the most extracted and exported element by the soybean crop. In high yield tropical environments with irrigation, little is known about N accumulation in different soybean plant organs as well as the N balance. The objective of this study was to characterize soybean growth, N accumulation in plant organs, N balance, and N gap in a high yield tropical environment. This study was performed in a homogeneous field, in a soil with low organic matter, with 20 kg ha-1 of N, under furrow fertilization. Evaluations were performed ten times, temporally distributed from emergence to senescence. The soybean cultivar used was ‘RK7518 IPRO’ and was sown with row spacing of 0.45 m and a seeding rate of 300,000 plants ha-1. Plant N partition, N from the biological N fixation (BNF), grain yield, crop harvest index (HI), N harvest index (NHI) with and without root contribution were evaluated. Also, at the grain filling stage the N gap was evaluated from the soil by difference between whole plant accumulated N and the amount of N from BNF. The average grain yield was 6,470 kg ha-1 and leads to a negative partial balance of N of -33.4 and -42.8 kg[N] ha-1 with and without roots, respectively. The N gap from the soil was 231.7 kg[N] ha-1. It is recommended to adopt techniques that increase the efficiency of BNF and the soil N accumulation to balance these production systems in the medium to long term.
Preschool child growth attainment and velocity during an agriculture intervention in rural Panama may be diminished by soil-transmitted helminths
Authors: Krause Rachel J. , Scott Marilyn E. , Sinisterra Odalis T. , Koski Kristine G. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundAgricultural interventions are often recommended to address undernutrition in subsistence farming communities. However, intensified agriculture exposure can increase soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections, which are linked with poor child growth. This study examined impacts of the VERASAN public health and agricultural intervention program on preschool child growth attainment (HAZ and WAZ) and relative growth velocity over 7 months [change in height-for-age (∆HAD) and weight-for-age (∆WAD) difference].MethodsVERASAN was initiated in 15 subsistence farming communities in rural Panama experiencing chronic undernutrition. Activities targeted improved household food security, preschool child diets and growth by intensifying and diversifying household agriculture. Our objectives were to explore the relationship between VERASAN and preschool child growth attainment (HAZ and WAZ) and velocity (∆HAD and ∆WAD) during one agricultural cycle in 238 households. We compared those new to VERASAN with those involved for 1 or 5 years, and identified if agricultural practices, food security, diet diversity and treatment of pre-existing STH infection were associated with growth attainment or velocity.ResultsPrior participation in VERASAN did not directly influence WAZ, HAZ or ΔHAD but VERASAN-related benefits had an indirect influence. ΔHAD was positively associated with VERASAN-associated improvements in diet diversity and food security. HAZ and WAZ during land preparation were positively associated with diet diversity and HAZ with food security during harvest. HAZ was negatively associated with children visiting the agricultural plot, consuming leafy green vegetables and pre-existing hookworm infections. Both agricultural season and STH influenced ΔWAD. Children in VERASAN for 1 or 5 years experienced growth faltering between land preparation and growing season, but not those new to VERASAN. In contrast, between growing and harvest, ∆WAD declined in children new to VERASAN compared to children in VERASAN for longer. ΔWAD from land preparation to harvest was higher with pre-existing Ascaris infection whereas it was lower between growing season and harvest for pre-existing hookworm infection.ConclusionIn a context of preschool child growth faltering, malnutrition and STH infections, improved food security, agricultural production and diet diversity associated with VERASAN were associated with improved growth. In contrast, STH infections were negatively associated with some, but not all, growth outcomes.
A practical development protocol for evidence-based digital integrative arts therapy content in public mental health services: digital transformation of mandala art therapy
Authors: Kim Hyungsook , Choi Yoonyoung 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe fundamentals of digital transformation include the conversion of the traditional method into a digital format to develop a standardized system that collects, analyzes, and processes quantitative data. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the development process and key elements of evidence-based digital integrative arts therapy.MethodsThe “Digital Mandala” service in the “Mental Health App” produced as part of a national public mental health project for personalized depression management is adopted to explain how to convert the existing mandala art therapy into digital format. A living lab approach has been applied, which can be used to address the nation's mental health challenges by promoting collaboration, innovation, and evidence-based solutions.ResultsEvidence-based digital content requires evidence that covers the structural process, the effects of existing methods, and the components and meanings of each detailed scene. In this section, we provide five stages of the development process, including preliminary research, design, development, commercialization, and advancement. Consequently, clinical elements, integrative arts therapy features, and data factors are defined as the key principles of evidence-based digital integrative arts therapy.DiscussionBased on the data factors found in this study, it will be possible to create an evaluation dataset of digital integrative arts therapy content for managing depression. Additionally, the large-scale public data can be analyzed through artificial intelligence technology, which is expected to be used as a basis for deriving significant results in a new form, going further than the existing evaluation method. This research is significant because it establishes the foundation for digital transformation in the field of art therapy for public mental health services and investigates its potential.
Spending on farms ripples into the region: agritourism impacts
Authors: Dhungana Purushottam , Khanal Aditya R. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction/PurposeAgritourism is gaining popularity throughout the United States and is an important part of rural and regional development. However, the economic contributions of agritourism, the interface of agriculture and tourism, has received limited attention in regional impact estimation studies. This study was purposed to estimates the regional economic impact of visitor spending in agritourism farms in Tennessee.MethodsPrimary survey data was used from sampled farms in Tennessee and secondary industry-level data. Economic impacts—direct, indirect, and induced—are estimated based on the economic input-output modeling application (IMPLAN) and the social accounting matrix framework.Result and discussionWe found that an estimated $65 million from visitors' direct spending in agritourism farms contributes to the total industry output of $118.54 million in Tennessee. Additionally, we presented total value added, jobs created, labor incomes, and taxes generated through direct, indirect, and induced effects attributable to visitors' spending in agritourism farms. Our findings indicate that the expansion of agritourism could bring economic development at both the farm and state level, particularly in states like Tennessee, where agriculture is an important industry and tourism is expanding.
Diagnosis and treatment of HS after endoscopic thyroid surgery: case report and brief literature review
Authors: Deng Yuqing , Ding Guoqian 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundHorner’s syndrome (HS) is a rare condition due to damage to the 3-neuron sympathetic pathway anywhere between the posterior-lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus and the oculosympathetic fiber, particularly as a post-thyroidectomy symptom. In this case report, we present a case of HS following endoscopic thyroid surgery (ETS) and briefly review the literature.Case reportDuring a routine physical examination, a 29-year-old female patient was incidentally found to have multiple nodules in the right thyroid. She was subsequently admitted to the Department of General Surgery for further examinations and treatment. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed malignancy in these nodules. As a result, the patient underwent radical resection of the right thyroid and ipsilateral central lymph node dissection using endoscopy. Pathological diagnosis revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma. Unexpectedly, on the third day after the operation, the patient was diagnosed with Horner’s syndrome based on the presence of miosis and ptosis. After 1 week of follow-up, the symptoms related to HS significantly improved.ConclusionHorner’s syndrome is an uncommon complication of thyroidectomy in patients undergoing ETS. Therefore, it is crucial to perform careful operations and minimize iatrogenic surgical damage to reduce the incidence of HS. This case serves as a reminder that making rational judgments and implementing appropriate measures are essential for achieving a favorable prognosis and preserving facial esthetics.
Intravenous lipid emulsion for the treatment of poisonings in 313 dogs and 100 cats (2016–2020)
Authors: Markert Carina , Heilmann Romy Monika , Kiwitz Dschaniena , Doerfelt René 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the effect and potential adverse effects of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) in poisoned dogs and cats over a 5 years period.MethodsMedical records of 313 dogs and 100 cats receiving ILE between 2016–2020 were analyzed for suspected toxicant, clinical signs, ILE dosages and frequency, the effect and adverse effects of ILE, and patient outcome.ResultsDogs and cats were poisoned with mostly unidentified toxicants (48%), rodenticides (8%), recreational drugs and nuts (7% each) and other toxicants. Clinical signs included neurologic deficits (63%), cardiovascular signs (29%), thermoregulation (21%) or gastrointestinal abnormalities (17%). Treatment with ILE was initiated within a median of 6.0 h (1.0–91.0 h) after poisoning. Dogs and cats received a total amount of median 8.0 mL/kg (1.5–66.6 mL/kg) and 15.8 mL/kg (1.8–69.4 mL/kg) ILE, respectively. A positive effect was observed in 74% of the patients, whereas clinical signs worsened in 4% of the patients after ILE administration. No subjective effect was detected in 22% of the patients. Suspected or possible adverse effects of ILE occurred in 6% of the patients, including neurological signs (temporarily reduced consciousness and ataxia), bradycardia, hyperthermia, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory distress, worsening of the general behavior, facial swelling, and thrombophlebitis. The overall survival rate was 96%. One dog who potentially experienced adverse events was euthanized.ConclusionILE treatment was successful in most patients but can be associated with adverse effects. Administration of ILE should be carefully selected on an individual basis after weighing the possible benefits against potential adverse effects.
Epidemiological, Genetic, and Phenotypic Characteristics of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Young Children, as Obtained from a Tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Gong Baiyan , Feng Yulian , Zhuo Zhenxu , Song Jingjie , Chen Xiankai , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2023

Gastroenteritis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a significant disease in childhood, ranking as the seventh-leading cause of diarrhea mortality in children aged < 5 years. To understand the epidemiological, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics of NTS, 465 anal swabs from children aged < 5 years in a tertiary hospital in Conghua District, Guangzhou, China, were collected from June to October 2021. An average prevalence of 35.27% (164/465) was observed, with whole genome sequencing identifying 11 serotypes, among which Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- was the most prevalent (65.24%, 107/164). Meanwhile, ST34 was found to be the predominant subtype. Children who are breastfed, eat fresh food, and have good hygiene habits show a relatively low prevalence of NTS. Fever is a common symptom that may be caused by NTS infection. Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that the majority of strains were resistant to tetracycline (83.5%) and ampicillin (82.3%), with multi-drug resistance (MDR) observed in 50.61% (83/164) of all strains tested. The predominant resistance spectrum presents as tetracycline-ampicillin-chloramphenicol-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (30.49%, 50/164). The antimicrobial resistance rates (2.4%, 9.8%, 9.8%, 10.4%, 9.1%, and 3.7%, respectively) of cephalosporins (cefepime, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefoxitin) were low. Therefore, continued surveillance of the prevalence and MDR profiles of NTS, along with the rational use antibiotics, is required. This protocol is significant for preventing further dissemination of NTS and formulating effective prevention and control strategies.
Antifungal Activity of Rue Essential Oil and Commercial Chitosan on Native Corn Foliar Diseases
Authors: Ceja-Torres Luis Fernando , López-Díaz Sigifredo , Silva-Ramos María Guadalupe , Silva-García José Teodoro , Medina-Medrano José Roberto , Gutiérrez-Hernández Germán Fernando 
Published: September 2023

Native corn in Cherán, Michoacán, southwestern Mexico, represents a high-impact economic, social, and religious support, although its yield is low due to fungal diseases. Fungicides are mainly used for their control, but the fungi involved create resistance. The aims of this study are to determine the incidence of foliar diseases in the field, isolate the causal fungi, evaluate the in vitro effect of the essential oil of rue (Ruta graveolens) on them, and identify the secondary metabolites. The essential oil was obtained using the steam distillation technique on fresh plants. Also used was an industrial-grade chitosan, and the commercial fungicide benomyl was used as a positive control. Rue essential oil was characterized by mass spectrometry with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI). The highest incidence of disease was obtained for leaf rust (35%), followed by gray leaf spot (GLS) (24%) and leaf blight (19%). Rue essential oil inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth of Coniothyrium phyllachorae and 96% of the mycelium of Exseroilum turcicum. The benomyl fungicide effectively inhibited C. phyllachorae (86 to 91%), but not E. turcicum, with the opposite effect when using chitosan by inhibiting 89 to 90% of the latter’s mycelial development. The majority compound of the essential oil of R. graveolens was 2-(3-phenylprop-2-enoyl)chromen-4-one; however, fatty acids were also detected: linoleic, palmitic, and retinoic acid.
Análise das doenças psicológicas nos jovens (18 a 24 anos) durante a pandemia da Covid-19: o surgimento e agravamento
Authors: Oliveira Isabella Eduarda de Godoy , De Lima Júlia Pereira Marques Barros , Faria Júlia Maria de Melo , Rocha Vitória Luísa Silveira , Moretzsohn Júlia de Souza , Menezes Maria Carolina Santos , De Andrade Laura Borges , Soares João Rafael Queiroz , E Póvoa Thaís Rocha 
Published: September 2023

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe diversas modificações sociais. Dessa forma, a vivência humana foi alterada em duas esferas, seja pelo fato da ameaça em si de adoecimento e morte, seja em razão das tais adoções de medidas de enfrentamento, e nessa perspectiva, o medo impactou diversas pessoas e corroborou para o agravamento e desenvolvimento de doenças psicológicas desencadeadas pelo isolamento e também pelo luto pelos amigos e familiares que faleceram ao contrair a doença. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o impacto da pandemia da covid-19 nas doenças psicológicas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal misto, onde as hipóteses relacionadas aos eventos de “causa” e “efeito” foram investigadas simultaneamente. A pesquisa teve caráter descritivo, com análise quantitativa, desenvolvido em três etapas: (i) elaboração de revisão da literatura sobre doenças psicológicas que se agravaram ou desenvolverão durante a pandemia da Covid-19 ; (ii) elaboração do instrumento de pesquisa (questionário); (iii) aplicação do instrumento na população alvo; (iv) análise de dados. Participaram do presente estudo 144 jovens entre 18 e 24 anos e observou-se uma prevalência de 41,0% de presença de transtornos psicológicos, conforme relatado pelos participantes. Destes jovens com transtornos psicológicos, a maior parte relatou não ter observado agravamento do transtorno durante a pandemia (84,7%), enquanto 5,9% afirmam ter agravado de forma significativa. O período pandêmico da Covid-19, marcado pelo isolamento social, pelo medo da nova doença e pelas incertezas sobre a cura dessa infecção, refletiu negativamente na saúde mental da população.