bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement and Analysis of Small and Light Weight Parcel Shipping Environment
Authors: Singh SP , Burgess G , Singh J 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
This study measured and analyzed the parcel shipping environment within Federal Express. The package sizes and weights monitored in this study represent the “light weight” and “small size” packages within the FedEx handling system. Five packages ranging in size from 0.18 x 0.19 x 1.3 m to 0.36 x 0.37 x 0.31 m and weight between 1.9 and 2.5 kg were shipped both with and without warning labels containing the text “Fragile—Handle With Care.” The shipments were done between Michigan and California or Florida using the second day air shipment mode. The data showed that neither the package size/weight or the labels had any significant effect on the severity of drop heights. The highest drop height measured was 1.85 m. The data are presented in terms of drop heights associated with the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of occurrence. Impact orientation is also discussed.
Macroporous poly(dicyclopentadiene) beads
Authors: Della Martina Alberto , Graf René , Hilborn Jöns G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMacroporous poly(dicyclopentadiene) beads have been produced via chemically induced phase separation in suspension polymerization. Phase separation is promoted by the enthalpic and entropic changes induced by the polymerization of dicyclopentadiene. By using poly(1,2‐butylene glycol) monobutyl ether (Mn 500 g/mol), which is not soluble in the suspending medium, as the porogen, the stabilized droplets of the monomer/porogen mixture can be considered microreactors in which both polymerization and phase separation occur, resulting in solid, biphasic microspheres. The porogen is then extracted with methanol and the particles are finally dried. The resulting macroporous crosslinked poly(dicyclopentadiene) beads are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and nitrogen adsorption and are compared with similar bulk samples. Materials containing isolated pores as well as microstructures built with agglomerated particles have been produced. The porous microspheres showed micrometric average pores' access diameters and specific surface areas ranging from 1.3 to 3.1 m2/g. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 407–415, 2005
Electrospun nonwovens of shape‐memory polyurethane block copolymers
Authors: Cha Dong Il , Kim Hak Yong , Lee Keun Hyung , Jung Yong Chae , Cho Jae Whan , Chun Byung Chul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSynthesized shape‐memory polyurethane (PU) block copolymers were used to prepare electrospun nonwovens via electrospinning. PU solutions were prepared with a mixed solvent of N,N‐dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The electrospun PU nonwovens were prepared with hard‐segment concentrations of 40 and 50 wt %. The morphology of the electrospun fibers was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The average diameter of low‐viscosity (ca. 130–180 cPs) electrospun fibers was about 800 nm, and the morphology of the electrospun nonwovens was beaded‐on fibers. In contrast, the average diameter of high‐viscosity (ca. 530–570 cPs) electrospun fibers was about 1300 nm. In an investigation of the mechanical properties of the electrospun PU nonwovens, it was found that the tensile strength increased as the hard‐segment concentration increased within a similar range of viscosities. Also, the tensile strength of the electrospun PU nonwovens in the machine direction was higher than that in the transverse direction because of a difference in the velocities of the drum collectors. The electrospun PU nonwovens with hard‐segment concentrations of 40 and 50 wt % were found to have a shape recovery of more than 80%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 460–465, 2005
1H‐NMR study of the inclusion processes for α‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin with fenbufen
Authors: Bratu I. , Gavira‐Vallejo J. M. , Hernanz A. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract1H‐NMR spectra of aqueous solutions of fenbufen and two cyclodextrins (α‐ or γ‐cyclodextrin, respectively) mixtures confirm the formation of an inclusion complex if γ‐cyclodextrin is used, whereas in the case of α‐cyclodextrin no inclusion complex was obtained. The stoichiometry of the fenbufen/γ‐cyclodextrin complex is of the [2:1] type. The geometry of this supramolecular architecture was established through MM+ molecular mechanics calculations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 77: 361–367, 2005
Atomic force microscopy of a hybrid high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit from a transgenic hexaploid wheat
Authors: McIntire Theresa M. , Lew Ellen J. L. , Adalsteins A. Elva , Blechl Ann , Anderson Olin D. , Brant David A. , Kasarda Donald D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) of wheat gluten in their native form are incorporated into an intermolecularly disulfide‐linked, polymeric system that gives rise to the elasticity of wheat flour doughs. These protein subunits range in molecular weight from about 70K–90K and are made up of small N‐terminal and C‐terminal domains and a large central domain that consists of repeating sequences rich in glutamine, proline, and glycine. The cysteines involved in forming intra‐ and intermolecular disulfide bonds are found in, or close to, the N‐ and C‐terminal domains. A model has been proposed in which the repeating sequence domain of the HMW‐GS forms a rod‐like β‐spiral with length near 50 nm and diameter near 2 nm. We have sought to examine this model by using noncontact atomic force microscopy (NCAFM) to image a hybrid HMW‐GS in which the N‐terminal domain of subunit Dy10 has replaced the N‐terminal domain of subunit Dx5. This hybrid subunit, coded by a transgene overexpressed in transgenic wheat, has the unusual characteristic of forming, in vivo, not only polymeric forms, but also a monomer in which a single disulfide bond links the C‐terminal domain to the N‐terminal domain, replacing the two intermolecular disulfide bonds normally formed by the corresponding cysteine side chains. No such monomeric subunits have been observed in normal wheat lines, only polymeric forms. NCAFM of the native, unreduced 93K monomer showed fibrils of varying lengths but a length of about 110 nm was particularly noticeable whereas the reduced form showed rod‐like structures with a length of about 300 nm or greater. The 110 nm fibrils may represent the length of the disulfide‐linked monomer, in which case they would not be in accord with the β‐spiral model, but would favor a more extended conformation for the polypeptide chain, possibly polyproline II. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78:53–61, 2005
Immobilization of single‐stranded DNA by self‐assembled polymer on gold substrate for a DNA chip
Authors: Taira Shu , Yokoyama Kenji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe developed a self‐assembling polymer based on polyallylamine (PAH) for use in DNA chips. Thioctic acid (TA) was covalently attached to PAH in sidechains to immobilize the polymer on a gold surface by self‐assembly. N‐hydroxysuccinimide‐ester terminated probe single‐stranded (ss) DNA is easily covalently immobilized onto a TA‐PAH‐coated gold surface. Finally, the surface was covered with polyacrylic acid, which formed ion complexes with the TA‐PAH, to reduce the cationic charge. This ssDNA on a polymer‐coated surface recognized a fully matched DNA sequence and restrained nonspecific adsorption of target DNA. The selectivity and efficiency of hybridization was affected by adjusting the ionic strength of sodium chloride. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of intracellular metabolites of glycolysis and TCA cycle during cell‐cycle‐related oscillation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wittmann Christoph , Hans Michael , van Winden Wouter A. , Ras Cor , Heijnen Joseph J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the present work LC‐MS/MS was applied to measure the concentrations of intermediates of glycolysis and TCA cycle during autonomous, cell‐cycle synchronized oscillations in aerobic, glucose‐limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study complements previously reported oscillations in carbon dioxide production rate, intracellular concentrations of trehalose and various free amino acids, and extracellular acetate and pyruvate in the same culture. Of the glycolytic intermediates, fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate, 2‐ and 3‐phosphoglycerate, and phosphoenolpyruvate show the most pronounced oscillatory behavior, the latter three compounds oscillating out of phase with the former. This agrees with previously observed metabolic control by phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Although individually not clearly oscillating, several intermediates of the TCA cycle, i.e., α‐ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate, exhibited increasing concentration during the cell cycle phase with high carbon flux through glycolysis and TCA cycle. The average mass action ratios of β‐phosphoglucomutase and fumarase agreed well with previously determined in vitro equilibrium constants. Minor differences resulted for phosphoglucose isomerase and enolase. Together with the observed close correlation of the pool sizes of the involved metabolites, this might indicate that, in vivo, these reactions are operating close to equilibrium, whereby care must be taken due to possible differences between in vivo and in vitro conditions. Combining the data with previously determined intracellular amino acid levels from the same culture, a few clear correlations between catabolism and anabolism could be identified: phosphoglycerate/serine and α‐ketoglutarate/lysine exhibited correlated oscillatory behavior, albeit with different phase shifts. Oscillations in intracellular amino acids might therefore be, at least partly, following oscillations of their anabolic precursors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methyl 4‐(2‐Chloro‐5‐nitrophenyl) ‐2,7,7‐trimethyl‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate
Authors: Linden Anthony , Safak Cihat , Aydin Firat 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silver‐Catalyzed Hydroamination: Synthesis of N‐Bridgehead Pyrroles, Incorporating a Protection‐Deprotection Strategy for Preparation of Cyclic Secondary Vinylogous Carbamates
Authors: Robinson Ross S. , Dovey Martin C. , Gravestock David 
Published: February 2005

AbstractN‐Bridgehead pyrroles are efficiently prepared from cyclic secondary vinylogous carbamates using a two‐step sequence. This sequence involves C‐propargylation followed by a silver‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination. Hydroamination is brought about using microwave irradiation and affords the desired N‐bridgehead pyrroles rapidly and in good yield. Cyclic secondary vinylogous carbamates are prepared using a mild, economical procedure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Expression of IL‐27 in murine carcinoma cells produces antitumor effects and induces protective immunity in inoculated host animals
Authors: Chiyo Masako , Shimozato Osamu , Yu Ling , Kawamura Kiyoko , Iizasa Toshihiko , Fujisawa Takehiko , Tagawa Masatoshi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA novel cytokine interleukin‐27 (IL‐27), composed of p28 and Epstein‐Barr virus‐induced gene 3 (EBI3), is produced from activated dendritic cells and is involved in an early phase of T‐helper type I differentiation. We examined whether Colon 26 murine colon carcinoma cells that were retrovirally transduced with the p28‐linked EBI3 gene (Colon 26/IL‐27) could produce antitumor effects in inoculated mice. Although proliferation in vitro of Colon 26/IL‐27 cells was not different from that of parent cells, syngeneic BALB/c mice rejected Colon 26/IL‐27 tumors inoculated and subsequently acquired tumor‐specific protective immunity. In contrast, mice inoculated with Colon 26 cells transduced with either the p28 or EBI3 gene developed tumors and survival of the mice remained the same as that of the mice inoculated with parent cells. Syngeneic nude mice developed Colon 26/IL‐27 tumors, but the growth was retarded compared to that of parent tumors. Depletion of natural killer cells from nude mice with anti‐asialo GM1 antibody diminished the growth retardation of Colon 26/IL‐27 tumors. Survival of severe combined immunodeficient mice that received subcutaneous inoculation of Colon 26/IL‐27 cells was not different from that of the immunodeficient mice inoculated with parent cells. Interferon‐γ was produced from CD4+ and CD8+ T, and natural killer cells of the mice that rejected Colon 26/IL‐27 tumors and cytotoxic activity against Colon 26 cells were also detected from the mice. These data collectively suggest that expressed IL‐27 in tumors produces T cell‐dependent and‐independent antitumor effects and is a possible therapeutic strategy for cancer. ©2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histologic and serum risk markers for noncardia early gastric cancer
Authors: Shiotani Akiko , Iishi Hiroyasu , Uedo Noriya , Kumamoto Mitutaka , Nakae Yukinori , Ishiguro Shingo , Tatsuta Masaharu , Graham David Y. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCorpus dominant gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are considered markers of increased risk of gastric carcinoma. The aim of our study was to determine serum and histologic risk markers of gastric cancer. Antral and corpus histology, pepsinogen and gastrin 17 levels were compared among patients with history of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early gastric cancer and controls. Serum pepsinogen (PG) and gastrin 17 levels were measured by RIA. There were 53 gastric cancer patients and 75 controls. The scores for IM in each region and atrophy at the lesser curvature of the corpus were significantly higher in the cancer group than in the H. pylori‐positive control group. IM at the greater curvature of the corpus and atrophy at the lesser curvature of the corpus were associated with multiple malignant lesions. Although corpus gastritis was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–7.0) (p = 0.001), the most important marker was the presence of IM at the lesser curvature of the corpus (OR = 15.1; 95% CI 4.3–52.6) (p < 0.001)). The best cut‐off points of serum markers for gastric cancer were a PG I concentration of 45 ng/mL or less and a gastrin 17 >60 pg/mL (sensitivity = 83%; specificity = 68%). IM at the lesser curvature of the corpus and the combination of serum gastrin 17 and PG I identified a group at high risk for development of gastric cancer. Annual endoscopic follow‐up is warranted for patients with IM found at the greater curvature of the corpus. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective responsiveness to common gamma chain cytokines in peripheral blood‐derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by Melan‐A/MART‐127–35targeted active specific immunotherapy
Authors: von Holzen Urs , Adamina Michel , Bolli Martin , Weber Walter P. , Zajac Paul , Groeper Celia , Reschner Anca , Feder Chantal , Schumacher Reto , Marti Walter , Oertli Daniel , Heberer Michael , Spagnoli Giulio C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe have comparatively evaluated the proliferative response of CTL induced in metastatic melanoma patients upon immunization against Melan‐A/MART‐127–35 tumor associated antigen (TAA) to IL‐2, IL‐7 or IL‐15 cytokines, sharing a receptor common γ‐chain (cγ‐c cytokines). Twenty‐eight CTL clones were generated from CD8+ T cells obtained from 3 patients during the contraction phase of immune response following a successful vaccine mediated expansion of specific effectors. All clones were able to kill tumor cell lines expressing HLA‐A0201 and Melan‐A/MART‐1, and displayed phenotypic characteristics of effector/memory (CD45RA−/CCR7−) or CD45RA+/CCR7− effector cells in intermediate to late developmental stage (CD28−/CD276±) CTL. Proliferative responses could be elicited or enhanced by IL‐2 and IL‐15, but not IL‐7, in the absence or in the presence of T‐cell receptor (TCR) triggering, respectively. Accordingly, only IL‐2 and IL‐15 were able to promote the survival of the CTL clones under investigation. While all clones expressed high amounts of receptor cγ‐c (CD132), lower, but detectable, expression of IL‐7 receptor alpha chain was also observed. CD8+ cells from one of the patients treated were obtained 6 months after the last vaccine boost and were cultured in the presence of Melan‐A/MART‐127–35 and each of the 3 cytokines under investigation. Consistent with data from CTL clones, expansion of Melan‐A/MART‐127–35 tetramer positive cells was only observed in the presence of IL‐2 or IL‐15 but not IL‐7. Instead, when CD8+ cells from the same patient were sampled shortly (14 days) after an additional vaccination only IL‐2 was able to promote the expansion of Melan‐A/MART‐127–35 tetramer positive cells. Taken together these data suggest a selective responsiveness of TAA‐specific CTL to different cγ‐c cytokines. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative performance of MM3(92) and two TINKER™ MM3 versions for the modeling of carbohydrates
Authors: Stortz Carlos A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe 1992 version of MM3 was largely used for modeling mono‐, di‐, and trisaccharides. In later versions of MM3 improvements were made in some parameters that may be important for carbohydrates. This corrected MM3 force field is part of the Tinker package, freely available (as its 4.1 version), and included in the Chem 3D Ultra 8.0 package (as the 3.7 version). The latter version lacks the corrections to the standard bond lengths produced by electronegativity and anomeric effects, whereas the Tinker 4.1 version only lacks the latter correction. The present work compares the performance of the three MM3 versions (and in some cases, DFT and/or HF/ab initio procedures) on several carbohydrate model problems as the chair and rotamer equilibria in 2‐hydroxy‐ and 2‐methoxytetrahydropyran, hydrogen bonding in cis‐2,3‐dihydroxytetrahydropyran, and the potential energy surfaces around the glycosidic bonds of two sulfated disaccharides and two trisaccharides. Tinker MM3 can be used accurately to estimate carbohydrate energies and geometries, and—with the help of some programming—to pursue studies on the potential energy surfaces of di‐ and trisaccharides. In most cases results obtained using the three MM3 versions are similar, although large energy differences are obtained when comparing a rotameric distribution around a OCOH dihedral, which is almost forced to the exo‐anomeric position by the Tinker versions. In other systems smaller energy differences are found, but they can nevertheless lead to a different global minimum when comparing conformers of similar energy. MM3(92) establishes better the differences between the bond lengths in both anomers, as an expected expression of the anomeric correction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 471–483, 2005
Abstrakt interacts with and regulates the expression of sorting nexin‐2
Authors: Abdul‐Ghani Mohammad , Hartman Kristin L. , Ngsee Johnny K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractProtein sorting through vesicular compartments is highly regulated to maintain the integrity and signaling of intracellular organelles in eukaryotic cells. Sorting Nexin‐2 (SNX2) is involved in protein sorting in the trans‐Golgi network, endosome, and/or lysosome compartments, with loss of function leading to defect in protein sorting and stress on organelles. To investigate the function of SNX2, we have identified the DEAD‐box helicase Abstrakt (Abs) as an SNX2‐interacting protein. The N‐terminal domain of Abs interacts with the phox homology (PX) domain of SNX2 suggesting that PX domains may also participate in protein–protein interaction. Interestingly, both proteins undergo nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and this process is responsive to serum withdrawal for Abs. Finally, expression of Abs reduced the cellular expression of SNX2 without altering its steady state mRNA levels. This unexpected interaction provides a novel mechanism whereby expression of proteins involved in membrane trafficking could be regulated by an RNA helicase. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angular orientation of trabecular bone in the femoral head and its relationship to hip joint loads in leaping primates
Authors: Ryan Timothy M. , Ketcham Richard A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe elastic properties and mechanical behavior of trabecular bone are largely determined by its three‐dimensional (3D) fabric structure. Recent work demonstrating a correlation between the primary mechanical and material axes in trabecular bone specimens suggests that fabric orientation may be used to infer directional components of the material strength and, by extension, the hypothetical loading regime. Here we quantify the principal orientation of trabecular bone in the femoral head and relate these principal fabric directions to loading patterns during various locomotor behaviors. The proximal femora of a diverse sample of prosimians were scanned using a high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography scanner with resolution of better than 50 μm. Spherical volumes of interest were defined within the femoral heads and the 3D fabric anisotropy was calculated using the mean intercept length and star volume distribution methods. In addition to differences in bone volume and anisotropy, significant differences were found in the spatial orientation of the principal trabecular axes depending on locomotor behavior. The principal orientations for leapers (Galago, Tarsius, Avahi) are relatively tightly clustered (α95 confidence limit: 8.2; angular variance s: 18.2°) and oriented in a superoanterior direction, while those of nonleapers are more variable across a range of directions (α95: 16.8; s: 42.0°). The mean principal directions are significantly different for leaping vs. nonleaping taxa. These results further suggest a relationship between bone microstructure in the hip joint and locomotor behavior and indicate a similarity of loading across leapers despite differences in kinematics and phylogeny. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 3/2005
Authors: Dundigalla Avinash , Lin‐Gibson Sheng , Ferreiro Vincent , Malwitz Matthew M. , Schmidt Gudrun 
Published: February 2005

Cover: The unusual structure of multilayered polymer‐clay nanocomposite films was investigated using scattering and microscopy techniques. Scanning electron microscopy led to the observation of unexpected and highly oriented multilayers on the micron length scale. On the nanometer length scale, atomic force microscopy and wide angle X‐ray scattering suggest the polymer covered clay platelets orient in bundles.Further details can be found in the Communication by A. Dundigalla, S. Lin‐Gibson, V. Ferreiro, M. M. Malwitz, and G. Schmidt* on page 143.
A technique to extract extrinsic parameters of HEMTs
Authors: Jeon Man‐Young 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA practical technique for separating the drain‐pad capacitance from the merged capacitance of drain pad, gate‐to‐drain, and drain‐to‐source of a pinched‐off cold FET is presented. Moreover, unlike other methods requiring additional DC measurements, the presented technique allows us to extract extrinsic resistances using only RF measurements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 489–492, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20675