bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site-specific and synergistic stimulation of methylation on the bacterial chemotaxis receptor Tsr by serine and CheW
Authors: Chalah Anas , Weis Robert M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Specific glutamates in the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) of Escherichia coli are modified during sensory adaptation. Attractants that bind to MCPs are known to increase the rate of receptor modification, as with serine and the serine receptor (Tsr), which contributes to an increase in the steady-state (adapted) methylation level. However, MCPs form ternary complexes with two cytoplasmic signaling proteins, the kinase (CheA) and an adaptor protein (CheW), but their influences on receptor methylation are unknown. Here, the influence of CheW on the rate of Tsr methylation has been studied to identify contributions to the process of adaptation.

Results
Methyl group incorporation was measured in a series of membrane samples in which the Tsr molecules were engineered to have one available methyl-accepting glutamate residue (297, 304, 311 or 493). The relative rates at these sites (0.14, 0.05, 0.05 and 1, respectively) differed from those found previously for the aspartate receptor (Tar), which was in part due to sequence differences between Tar and Tsr near site four. The addition of CheW generated unexpectedly large and site-specific rate increases, equal to or larger than the increases produced by serine. The increases produced by serine and CheW (added separately) were the largest at site one, ~3 and 6-fold, respectively, and the least at site four, no change and ~2-fold, respectively. The rate increases were even larger when serine and CheW were added together, larger than the sums of the increases produced by serine and CheW added separately (except site four). This resulted in substantially larger serine-stimulated increases when CheW was present. Also, CheW enhanced methylation rates when either two or all four sites were available.

Conclusion
The increase in the rate of receptor methylation upon CheW binding contributes significantly to the ligand specificity and kinetics of sensory adaptation. The synergistic effect of serine and CheW binding to Tsr is attributed to distinct influences on receptor structure; changes in the conformation of the Tsr dimer induced by serine binding improve methylation efficiency, and CheW binding changes the arrangement among Tsr dimers, which increases access to methylation sites.
The human macrophage mannose receptor is not a professional phagocytic receptor
Authors: Le Cabec Véronique , Emorine Laurent J , Toesca Isabelle , Cougoule Céline , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe macrophage mannose receptor (MR) appears to play an important role in the binding and phagocytosis of several human pathogens, but its phagocytic property and signaling pathways have been poorly defined. The general strategy to explore such topics is to express the protein of interest in nonphagocytic cells, but in the case of MR, there are few reports using the full-length MR cDNA. When we searched to clone de novo the human MR (hMR) cDNA, problems were encountered, and full-length hMR cDNA was only obtained after devising a complex cloning strategy. Chinese hamster ovary cells, which have a fully functional phagocytic machinery when expressing professional phagocytic receptors, were stably transfected, and cell clones expressing hMR at quantitatively comparable levels than human macrophages or J774E cells were obtained. They exhibited a functional hMR-mediated endocytic capacity of a soluble ligand but failed to ingest classical particulate ligands of MR such as zymosan, Mycobacterium kansasii, or trimannoside bovine serum albumin-coated latex beads. Transient expression of hMR in two human cell lines did not provide a phagocytic capacity either. In conclusion, we show that MR is not a professional phagocytic receptor, as it does not possess the ability to promote particle ingestion in nonphagocytic cells on its own. We propose that MR is a binding receptor, which requires a partner to trigger phagocytosis in some specialized cells such as macrophages. Our new expression vector could represent a useful tool to study the receptor and its partnership further.
The aerodynamics ofManduca sexta: digital particle image velocimetry analysis of the leading-edge vortex
Authors: Bomphrey Richard J. , Lawson Nicholas J. , Harding Nicholas J. , Taylor Graham K. , Thomas Adrian L. R. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARYHere we present the first digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV)analysis of the flow field around the wings of an insect (the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta, tethered to a 6-component force-moment balance in a wind tunnel). A leading-edge vortex (LEV) is present above the wings towards the end of the downstroke, as the net upward force peaks. Our DPIV analyses and smoke visualisations match the results of previous flow visualisation experiments at midwing, and we extend the experiments to provide the first analysis of the flow field above the thorax. Detailed DPIV measurements show that towards the end of the downstroke, the LEV structure is consistent with that recently reported in free-flying butterflies and dragonflies: the LEV is continuous across the thorax and runs along each wing to the wingtip, where it inflects to form the wingtip trailing vortices. The LEV core is 2-3 mm in diameter (approximately 10% of local wing chord) both at the midwing position and over the centreline at 1.2 m s-1 and at 3.5 m s-1flight speeds. At 1.2 m s-1 the measured LEV circulation is 0.012±0.001 m2 s-1 (mean ± s.d.) at the centreline and 0.011±0.001 m2 s-1 halfway along the wing. At 3.5 m s-1LEV circulation is 0.011±0.001 m2 s-1 at the centreline and 0.020±0.004 m2 s-1 at midwing. The DPIV measurements suggest that if there is any spanwise flow in the LEV towards the end of the downstroke its velocity is less than 1 m s-1. Estimates of force production show that the LEV contributes significantly to supporting body weight during bouts of flight at both speeds(more than 10% of body weight at 1.2 m s-1 and 35-65% of body weight at 3.5 m s-1).
Context cues eliminate retroactive interference effects in honeybees Apis mellifera
Authors: Cheng Ken 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARY
Free flying honeybees were trained successively on two different tasks of landmark-based spatial memory. On both task 1 and task 2, the goal was at a consistent distance and direction from a cylindrical landmark. The colours of the landmarks differed for the two tasks. The target direction from the landmark in task 2 was opposite to that in task 1. The context in which task 2 took place was either the same as the task-1 context or different: being a short distance away, having different surrounding landmarks, and a different colour on the training table. After each task, the bees were tested on task 1 in the task-1 context (test 1 and test 2). If task 2 had the same context as task 1, the bees performed at chance on test 2. If task 2 had a different context, performance on test 2 was unaffected, remaining as good as on test 1. Contextual cues thus guide memory retrieval, and prevent any confusions about which response (that appropriate for task 1 or for task 2) to perform.
MUSASHI: NMR Pulse Width Determination Method by Nonlinear Least Square Curve Fitting
Authors: Kurimoto Tomomitsu , Asakura Katsuo , Yamasaki Chiharu , Nemoto Nobuaki 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
We have developed a new method named MUSASHI to determine the 90° 1H pulse width in 1H-NMR in an automated fashion using a nonlinear least square curve fitting algorithm. This method is very robust and provides an efficient mechanism for automatic pulse width calibration of spectrometers especially in the field of structural genomics by NMR.
Perhydroxylation of Chiral Cycloheptatriene Ring through Stepwise Oxidation under Regio- and Stereocontrol
Authors: Sugimura Takashi , Kagawa Masami , Ohuchi Naoko , Inoue Aya , Okuyama Tadashi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Sequential oxidation of an optically active cycloheptatriene derivative was achieved under regio- and stereocontrol to result in perhydroxylation products.
Vesicle–Micelle Transition of N-Acyl Phenylalaninate Salt in Very Dilute Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ohta Akio , Tani-i Kumiko , Hoshiba Aoi , Asakawa Tsuyoshi , Miyagishi Shigeyoshi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A unique aggregation behavior of potassium N-tetradecanoyl phenylalaninate in dilute aqueous solution was investigated. Surface tension, fluorescence intensity (using probes) and size distribution measurements suggest that a transition from vesicle to micelle takes place. It is presumed that formation of an acid-soap dimer, which is stabilized by an interaction between phenyl groups, brings about construction of vesicle particles at a very dilute concentration.
The Rise and Fall of Culture History; Americanist Culture History: Fundamentals of Time, Space, and Form
Authors: Longacre William A. 
Published: March 2005

The Rise and Fall of Culture History. R. Lee Lyman. Michael J. O'Brien. and Robert C. Dunnell. New York: Plenum Press, 1997.271pp.Americanist Culture History: Fundamentals of Time, Space, and Form. R. Lee Lyman. Michael J. O'Brien. and Robert C. Dunnell. eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1997.499 p
Readings in African Popular Culture; Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation
Authors: Piot Charles 
Published: March 2005

Readings in African Popular Culture. Karin Barber. ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.184 pp.Perspectives on Africa:. Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Roy R. Grinker and Christopher B. Steiner. eds. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.736 pp.
Lived Experiences and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Among Survivors of Localized Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Mahama Ayisha N. , Haller Courtney N. , Labrada Jocelyn , Idiong Christie I. , Haynes Alex B. , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Tsevat Joel , Pignone Michael P. , Adamson Adewole S. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceMost of the rapid increase in cutaneous melanoma incidence in the US has been localized disease that is treated surgically and is associated with high survival rates. However, little is known about the psychological well-being of survivors in the US.ObjectiveTo explore the lived experiences and fear of cancer recurrence among survivors of localized cutaneous melanoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a qualitative and survey-based study that used semistructured interviews and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory short form (FCRI-SF) survey tool with participants recruited from an academic dermatology practice affiliated with the University of Texas, Austin. Interviews were completed via telephone or in person from August 2021 to September 2022. Each of the 9 items in the FCRI-SF was rated on a 5-point Likert scale, scored from 0 to 4, with a maximum possible score of 36 points. Data analyses were performed from February 2022 to June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSemistructured interviews were analyzed for themes and subthemes associated with the lived experiences of survivors of cutaneous melanoma. The FCRI-SF scores were tabulated, with scores of 13 or greater identifying potential cases of clinically significant fear of cancer recurrence.ResultsIn all, 51 participants (mean [SD] age, 49.5 [11.7] years; 34 [67%] female and 17 [33%] male) with a history of localized melanoma (stage 0-IIA) completed the interview and survey. Among them, 17 (33%) had survived a diagnosis of stage 0 melanoma, and the remainder, at least 1 invasive melanoma diagnosis (stage I-IIA). Semistructured interviews revealed several themes: (1) emotions surrounding follow-up appointments, (2) intensity of melanoma surveillance, (3) lifestyle changes regarding sun exposure, and (4) thoughts about life and death. Thirty-eight of 51 participants had an FCRI-SF score above the threshold for clinical fear of cancer recurrence.Conclusions and RelevanceThis qualitative and survey-based study found that despite having an excellent prognosis, some survivors of localized melanoma, even those who had stage 0, have high rates of fear of cancer recurrence and intense survivorship experiences that affect their psychological well-being.
Cost-Effectiveness of Population-Based Multigene Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Prevention
Authors: Guo Fangjian , Adekanmbi Victor , Hsu Christine D. , Berenson Abbey B. , Kuo Yong-Fang , Shih Ya-Chen Tina 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe current method of BRCA testing for breast and ovarian cancer prevention, which is based on family history, often fails to identify many carriers of pathogenic variants. Population-based genetic testing offers a transformative approach in cancer prevention by allowing for proactive identification of any high-risk individuals and enabling early interventions.ObjectiveTo assess the lifetime incremental effectiveness, costs, and cost-effectiveness of population-based multigene testing vs family history–based testing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis economic evaluation used a microsimulation model to assess the cost-effectiveness of multigene testing (BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2) for all women aged 30 to 35 years compared with the current standard of care that is family history based. Carriers of pathogenic variants were offered interventions, such as magnetic resonance imaging with or without mammography, chemoprevention, or risk-reducing mastectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy, to reduce cancer risk. A total of 2000 simulations were run on 1 000 000 women, using a lifetime time horizon and payer perspective, and costs were adjusted to 2022 US dollars. This study was conducted from September 1, 2020, to December 15, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), quantified as cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Secondary outcomes included incremental cost, additional breast and ovarian cancer cases prevented, and excess deaths due to coronary heart disease (CHD).ResultsThe study assessed 1 000 000 simulated women aged 30 to 35 years in the US. In the base case, population-based multigene testing was more cost-effective compared with family history–based testing, with an ICER of $55 548 per QALY (95% CI, $47 288-$65 850 per QALY). Population-based multigene testing would be able to prevent an additional 1338 cases of breast cancer and 663 cases of ovarian cancer, but it would also result in 69 cases of excess CHD and 10 excess CHD deaths per million women. The probabilistic sensitivity analyses show that the probability that population-based multigene testing is cost-effective was 100%. When the cost of the multigene test exceeded $825, population-based testing was no longer cost-effective (ICER, $100 005 per QALY; 95% CI, $87 601-$11 6323).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this economic analysis of population-based multigene testing, population-based testing was a more cost-effective strategy for the prevention of breast cancer and ovarian cancer when compared with the current family history–based testing strategy at the $100 000 per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold. These findings support the need for more comprehensive genetic testing strategies to identify pathogenic variant carriers and enable informed decision-making for personalized risk management.
Synergizing CXCL9 with BRD4‐PROTAC Using Nanochaperone Boosts Robust T Cell‐Dependent Antitumor Immune Responses for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Jiajing , Ma Feihe , Zhang Yongxin , Xu Mengchen , Xu Linlin , Liu Yang , Ma Rujiang , Shi Linqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is greatly restricted by insufficient infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumor tissue. Here a potent strategy to address the limitations by combination therapy of chemokine (CXCL9) with BRD4‐PROTAC (dBET6) using the unique mixed‐shell polymeric micelle (MSPM)‐based nanochaperone (nChap) delivery platform is reported. CXCL9 significantly enhances the intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells while dBET6 induces tumor cell immunogenic cell death (ICD) and downregulates the interferon‐γ (IFNγ)‐triggered programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, synergizing to boost robust T cell‐dependent antitumor immunity responses to enhance cancer immunotherapy is demonstrated. Moreover, this nano‐CXCL9/dBET6 exhibits reduced systemic toxicity, prolonged half‐life, and enhanced tumor accumulation in comparison to free drugs. This study provides a promising strategy for efficient cancer immunotherapy.
Dual‐Type Ru Atomic Sites for Efficient Alkaline Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Ke , Liu Yunjie , Li Huifang , Guo Yun , Tian Yu , Guo Shan , Luo Mingchuan , He Yan , Liu Zhiming , Guo Shaojun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMonotypic catalytic site for bifunctional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at low overpotential is a grand challenge in alkaline water splitting. Herein, a new strategy of dual‐type atomic site‐support interaction is reported, in which ruthenium heteroatoms are in situ implanted into both the N‐C nanosheet matrix (Ru1‐N‐C) and supported Co2P nanoparticle lattice (Ru2‐P‐Co) for boosting alkaline water splitting. It is found that the Ru1‐N‐C and Ru2‐P‐Co can give rise to a synergistic effect for boosting HER and OER catalysis. Density functional theory calculations disclose that for HER, the Ru‐functionalized Co sites in Co2P assume the task of expediting H2O adsorption‐dissociation, and the adjacent coordination unsaturated Ru1‐N‐C sites can facilitate the following H2 desorption kinetic. The study found that the hydrogen spillover mechanism contributes to an ultralow HER polarization of 69 mV at 10 mA cm−2. While for OER, due to electronegativity discrepancies, the doped Ru within Co2P triggers electronic coupling, thereby efficiently tuning Ru d‐band center. This grants its electronic characteristic preferred for modulating rate‐determining step of OER to reduce the corresponding energy barrier, leading to superior OER catalytic activity . This work offers new understandings into catalyzing different reactions with multiple intermediate adsorptions by different atomic site‐support interplays.
Sprayable Superoleophobic Coatings for Pumpless Handling of Low‐Surface‐Tension Liquids
Authors: Moitra Shashwata , Megaridis Constantine M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLimited attention has been paid to repellency and wettability‐confined transport of low‐surface‐tension liquids, such as oils, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. This is because repellency becomes very difficult for fluids with surface tension below 30 mN m−1. This situation is encountered in many engineering applications using organic liquids and thus, oleophobic surfaces are of high technological importance. In this work, a nanocomposite coating comprising of fluorinated silica micro‐ and nanoparticles (filler), a copolymer (binder), and traces of fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (additive, lowest surface‐energy crystalline material reported to date) is spray‐deposited on a surface pretextured by laser etching, a technique that requires no lithographic processing. The approach results in surfaces that can repel liquid hydrocarbons with surface tension as low as 21.14 mN m−1 and also hinder the spreading of heptane (19.74 mN m−1) at room temperature. The repellency of several organic liquids with surface tensions in the range of 19.7 – 27 mN m−1 is experimentally investigated and compared with water (baseline case). To study the effect of fluid properties, comparisons are performed between the distances traveled and the velocities of microliter droplets transported pumplessly on wedge‐shaped wettability‐patterned tracks that confine the liquids by the superoleophobic background surrounding the wettable tracks.
Semi‐Solid Stretchable Carbon Nanotubes Inkpad for Hand‐Based Haptic Interaction
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Zhou Zejian , Tian Yingzhe , Lei Dongyue , Liu Yan , Huang Tianjia , Tang Qingyun , Zhang Yuru , Wang Dangxiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDexterity and perceptual abilities of the hand are crucial in virtual reality (VR) interactions. This necessitates haptic gloves capable of accurately measuring finger movements and ensuring comfort, a challenging combination that demands both high sensitivity and stretchability. A flexible sensor fabricated from semi‐solid material CNTs‐Inkpad composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) mixed with silica gel is proposed and its real‐time response can be achieved by controlling the ratio. Its semi‐solid form harnesses CNTs' high conductivity and sensitivity, avoiding structural cracking in solid CNTs during extensive stretching, thus the semi‐solid form can adapt to various hand gestures. This mechanism enables the CNTs‐Inkpad to function as strain sensors with high gauge factors (GF = 16.99) and high extensibility (350%). By integrating ten CNTs‐Inkpad sensors and five vibrators, a thin and lightweight haptic glove is developed with high sensitivity and stretchability. The glove enables collaborative measurement of all finger joints required for typical gestures in VR interactions, suitable for motion detection and haptic feedback.
Highly Stable Oxynitride Persistent Phosphors with Widely Distributed Traps for Information Storage and Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Lv Ying , Zhao Ning , Li Wuqiang , Lin Cunjian , Chen Changjian , Ueda Jumpei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPersistent phosphors are widely investigated in indications, bio‐imaging, information storage, and anticounterfeiting. However, it remains a challenge to develop highly stable persistent phosphors with abundant and widely distributed traps. Here, a Ba0.58Sr0.4Al3Si3O4N5:0.02Yb2+ (Ba0.6Sr0.4Al3Si3O4N5:Yb2+) persistent phosphor with an excellent persistent luminescence (PersL) time of 383 min is reported before decaying to 0.32 mcd m−2 due to the existence of abundant intrinsic electron traps. Ba0.6Sr0.4Al3Si3O4N5:Yb2+ owns a trap distribution ranging from 0.41 to 1.04 eV and has a remarkably broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) of TL curve (169 K) among currently reported persistent phosphors. The robust stability of Ba0.6Sr0.4Al3Si3O4N5:Yb2+ is evidenced by immersing in hot water and annealing at the high temperature for different time, which showed PersL retention rates of over 90%. Temperature‐assisted information storage in this persistent phosphor is successfully demonstrated. Furthermore, a step‐by‐step write‐in method is implemented in anticounterfeiting, and the coded information can be optionally decoded at different temperatures due to the wide trap distribution in Ba0.6Sr0.4Al3Si3O4N5:Yb2+. This work demonstrates highly stable oxynitride persistent phosphors with widely distributed traps show great promise in information storage, anticounterfeiting, and photodetectors.