bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer in growth and biomass of Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) from Simalungun accession
Authors: Vinolina N S , Sidabutar A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The demand for Pegagan plants to be used as medicine continues to increase yearly. One alternative to increase the productivity of Pegagan is by giving organic fertilizer. Therefore, it is essential to study the influences of giving biofertilizer and organic fertilizer based on the dose used in increasing the growth and biomass of Pegagan. Here, two treatments were applied: biofertilizer (BF): 0, 1, 2, and 3 ml/L and organic fertilizer (OF): 0, 3.650, 7.301, and 10.952 tons/ha with three replications. If the significant variance were fulfilled, Duncan’s Multiple Distance Test with a level of 5% would be continued. The results demonstrated that the administration of biofertilizer revealed no notable effect on all observed parameters. The interaction between biofertilizer and organic fertilizer also had no notable impact on all parameters. In conclusion, applying organic fertilizer could notably improve the number of primary tendrils, leaf fresh weight per plot, and root fresh weight per plot.
Total chlorophyll and root nodules at various ages of soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in the wet-dry season
Authors: Hamawi M , Rosanti E , Rahma R A A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Plants have a vulnerability to climate change. Soybean plants must be able to adapt to climate change stresses so that physiological processes and plant development run well and produce optimal soybean seed production. Planting soybean cultivars that can withstand climate change is recommended to maintain soybean production. The effect of soybean cultivars and plant age on the nodules’ amount and leaf chlorophyll content planted during the wet-dry season needs to be studied. The study was designed with a factorial randomised block design and was repeated three times. The first factor is soybean cultivars, and the second factor is planting time. Parameters observed were weather data, chlorophyll content, nodules’ amount, and nodules’ mass. The results showed that the Gepak Hijau and Gepak Kuning cultivars planted at different times had significantly different root nodules’ amount and dry mass of root nodules, while there was no significant difference in chlorophyll content. The nodules’ amount positively correlated with the total chlorophyll. Relative humidity and rainfall reduce the nodules amount and the total chlorophyll. Solar radiation promotes growth in the nodules’ amount and the total chlorophyll.
Potential of marine organic waste: chemical characteristics of compost from marine organic waste Kuala Indah Beach, North Sumatra
Authors: Hidayat B , Sebayang N U W , Jamilah  , Akbar A M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Marine debris was a direct threat to marine habitats, human health, and navigational safety, resulting in serious socio-economic losses. Marine organic waste management can be done by turning it into compost that can be used as a nutrient addition. It can also be used as a solution to be diminished marine waste considering that the sea had many roles to support the lives of living things and maintain ecosystems. This study aimed to examined some characteristics of compost from marine organic waste and gave information on waste management for sustainable agriculture. This study was carried out at Kuala Indah Beach, Sei Suka District, Batu Bara Regency, Indonesia. The composting process was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The analysis was carried out at the Research and Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The composting process used the Berkeley method with the addition of EM4. The results showed that the chemical characteristics of marine organic waste compost by Indonesian National Standard (SNI 19-7030-2004) with a macronutrient content of 2.40% Nitrogen; Phosphorus 0.53%; and Potassium 0.45% with a pH of 6.95 (neutral) and a compost C/N ratio of 17.33.
Visual screening of potassium solubilizing bacteria for increasing the solubilization of potassium minerals
Authors: Akasah W , Chou L S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Research on potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) has recently gained attention, most of it has been focused on the size of the halo zone; however, information regarding KSB growth duration and their potential to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture and to be used as a biofertilizer are still lacking. The aim of this study was to offer a complete, long-term observation of KSB growth. We monitored the growth of two KSB strains that were isolated from the rhizosphere for 7 days on Modified Aleksandrov Medium (MAM) plates. We specifically designed the observation times. These methods were used to distinguish KSB’s capability to solubilize potassium minerals. The results indicated that KSB-12 isolate was capable of producing organic acid and thus solubilizing potassium faster than KSB-19 isolate at 1-4 days of incubation. Interestingly, the solubilizing zone of the KSB-12 isolate decrease after 5 days of incubation, while KSB-19 isolate continued to grow, maintain cell numbers, produce organic acids, and continuously release potassium. Different types of volatile and non-volatile organic acids have an effect on this phenomenon. In conclusion, we provided a well-designed time series study regarding the potassium solubilization efficiency of KSB, determining the fastest and longest strains of potential KSBs.
Assessment of potential soil degradation on various land uses in Keduang Watershed
Authors: Istiqomah N M , Cahyono O , Mujiyo M , Ariyanto D P , Maro’ah S , Romadhon M R , Irmawati V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Keduang watershed is a catchment area in the Wonogiri and Karanganyar districts, contributing 38.33% of sedimentation to the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir. High value population pressure is present on agricultural land in the Keduang watershed, triggering increasingly serious land degradation. Degradation in the upstream sub-watershed has a strong effect on the downstream areas. Impacts of land degradation include a decrease in land productivity and farmers’ income, as well as the occurrence of critical land. Assessment of the potential soil degradation is important as an early indicator to determine the distribution of areas that have potential soil degradation for physical, chemical, and biological soil. This research was conducted in the Keduang watershed with the land use type consisting of paddy field, wood, moor, and plantation that overlayed through land use, rainfall, slope, and soil type map. The method used in this research is guided qualification. The result showed that the Keduang watershed has a soil degradation class from low to high. The medium class dominated the potential for soil degradation in Keduang watershed with the highest potential for degradation refers to moor with a slope of >40%, rainfall of 1908 mm/year, and Inceptisols soil type.
Seed biopriming using saline soil rhizobacteria from the coast of Kolaka Regency for enhancing seed viability and vigor of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)
Authors: Sutariati G A K , Bahrun A , Khaeruni A , Rahni N M , Rakian T C , Madiki A , Mudi L , Amartani K , Wibawa G N A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The research was conducted to identify indigenous rhizobacteria that can be useful as growth promoters and adapted to saline soils. The isolate was isolated from saline soil rhizosphere on the coast in Kolaka district. The research was conducted in the Lab of Agronomy, on Agricultural Faculty in Halu Oleo University. The research carry out from April to September 2022. The study arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) using of 15 test isolates. The test was carried out using a seed biopriming technique, then the seeds were germinated using a standard germination procedure. The results showed that all tested rhizobacterial isolates increase the viability and vigor of tomato seeds. There was an increase in maximum growth potential, seed germination, vigor index, and relative growth rate of seeds in the range of 85% to 89% when compared to control. There were 3 isolates of rhizobacteria which were more capable of reducing T50 and increasing seed germination of tomato seeds, namely KL6, KL10 and KL14 isolates. Further research is still needed to test the effectiveness of this isolate to increase tomato growth and yield under conditions of salinity stress in the field.
Effect of zeolite and neem oil on N-soil form and efficiency of urea fertilization in rice fields
Authors: Sarifuddin  , Darmayanti  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of urea fertilizer and different types of amendments on the form of nitrogen in soil, the growth of rice plants, and the effectiveness of urea fertilization in lowland rice. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture’s Greenhouse in Universitas Sumatera Utara. A factorial randomized block design was employed in this study with two factors, namely, the dose of urea fertilizer 0, 100, and 200 kg N Ha−1 and the type of amendments: Control (without amendment), Neem oil, Zeolite mix, and Zeolite coated. According to the findings, the application of urea had a notable impact on the levels of N-NH4
+ and N-NO3
−, as well as height of plant, tiller count, dry weight of shoot and root, N plant, N-uptake, N-uptake efficiency (% recovery), and reduced soil pH. Zeolite and neem oil significantly increased N-NH4
+, decreased N-NO3
−, increased N-uptake, and raised soil pH. The interaction of urea and the type of amendments material significantly decreased N-NO3
−. Applying a combination of 100 kg N Ha−1 of urea and zeolite mix was found to be effective in enhancing the efficiency of N-uptake in lowland rice.
Effect of mulch weight on temperature, soil moisture and vegetative growth of Sigambiri Merah in lowlands
Authors: Kusbiantoro D , Siregar L A M , Hanum C , Mawarni L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rice is staple food source for most Indonesians. However, highland rice development on dry land is regularly isolated by action makers who find it simple to development paddy construction. One of the cultivation techniques to achieve maximum production of upland rice in dry land is by modifying the microclimate in the roots zone using organic mulch. The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency, Sempali, Medan. The research method is a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. Mulch thickness (M) used as treatment, consisted of without mulch (M0), 20 t/Ha (M1), 25 t/Ha (M2), and 30 t/Ha (M3). Observations were invented insanely by expansive two fragment for each analysis 28 days after planting (DAP). As a result, we found that multi-weight is efficient in reducing soil temperature and increasing soil moisture compared to without mulch, but there is no improvement in the vegetative growth of Sigambiri Merah because it was still in the early stages of rice growth.
Analysis of problems in increasing beef production with the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) approach in North Sumatera
Authors: Darus M B , Lindawati  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The consumption rate is not in line with the rate of beef production, causing problems in fulfilling beef. This study aims to explore problems in increasing beef production and to create graphs and hierarchical diagrams of priority problem solving using the Interpretative Structural Modeling method. The shortage of beef production is caused by several problems, including 1) slaughtering productive female cattle, 2) reproductive disorders due to disease and malnutrition, 3) limited productive females as breeders, 4) limited skilled workers in the field of artificial insemination, 5) limited superior bulls, 6) limited knowledge about cattle farming, 7) small business ownership scale, 8) lack of motivation of farmers, 9) limited insight in feed processing technology, 10) limited capital, 11) limitations sources of feed or limited supply of grazing land due to land conversion, 12) Imports of cattle, 13) Sales of cattle outside North Sumatra, 14) Prices of beef. The final results of the Reachability Matrix have 3 categories of problem solving based on graphs and hierarchies, namely Top-Level variables sub elements E1 and E2, then Middle Level variables sub elements E11, (E2 with E3), E9, E6, E14, E4 and E7 and Low Level Variables sub elements E10, E5, E12 and E13.
Industrial analysis of cattle feedlot companies in Indonesia
Authors: Agustiar R , Triatmojo A , Guntoro B , Baliarti E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cattle fattening increases following the increase of beef demand. Feedlot business is changing their structure recently. The policy of importing buffalo meat is suspected to have resulted in new market segmentation and changes in the supply chain of the beef market. This study aims to analyze the internal and external environment of the beef cattle feedlot industry. The research design used in this study through a mix of methods is descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The determination of the company’s research object in this study was determined by purposive sampling to analyze the internal and external environment of the industry. Based on porter’s internal mapping analysis, the business strategy is focused on controlling the impact of the growing issue based on the five strengths of the variable Porter analyzed. On the other hand, based on the external mapping of pestel analysis, political and regulatory actors are the main factors that have an impact as a threat to the environmental condition of the beef cattle feedlot industry. This study concluded that changes in the internal and external environment of the beef cattle feedlot industry formed changes in the supply chain of local beef from imported cattle.
Analysis of farmers satisfaction with the use of combine harvester for rice harvesting in farming in Ujong Tanoh Village, Setia District, Aceh Barat Daya Regency
Authors: Athaillah T , Adib  , Shalwati  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The development of agricultural machinery has a big role in agriculture to increase farmers’ income. Harvest handling with machine aid is significantly more productive than manual harvesting in a sustainable agricultural system. The combine harvester is an example of a piece of agricultural equipment utilized in contemporary agriculture. The purpose of this study was to see how the level of farming community satisfaction with the use of the Combine Harvester machine in Ujong Tanah Village, Setia District, Aceh Barat Daya Regency. The method used in this study is the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) to obtain valid (direct) data so that the level of satisfaction of the farming community with the use of the Combine Harvester can be determined. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the CSI for the confirmation of expectation indicators is 0.6126 or 61.26%. The CSI of the indicator of interest in reuse is 0.6477 or 64.78%. The CSI of the indicator of willingness to recommend is 0.6429 or 64.29%. The requirements for Quite Satisfied are met by the average CSI for agricultural community satisfaction with the usage of a combine harvester, which is 0.6344 or 63.44%.
Sustainability in adoption of new improved rice variety innovations in West Kalimantan Province: Review of economic aspects
Authors: Rizieq R , Ekawati  , Ellyta  , Bancin H D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
New Improved varieties (NIV/VUB) are the cheapest technological innovation that can make rice production enhanced. Therefore, the utilization of VUB must be maintained. The purpose of this study was to determine the sustainability status and performance index of the adopting VUB innovation and its leveraging factors in terms of the economic aspect. Information related to the factors is highly needed for the sustainable use of the VUB. The data of this study were gradually obtained. The first stage was collecting information on the economic aspects and the driving factors of the sustainability in the adoption of new superior varietal innovations by conducting focus group discussions (FGDs). The second stage was interviewing experts about conditions and predictions of the driving factors. Multi-Aspect Sustainable Analysis (MSA) was applied to analyse the sustainability status and the factors. The results revealed sustainable adoption of the VUB concerning economic aspects. Moreover, performance of the economic aspects will increase in the future in terms of encouraging the sustainability of the adoption with assuming that conditions are unchanged despite the absence of the government intervention. The biggest driving factor of the economic aspect is credit granting.
Strategy for sustainable agroindustry development of grass jelly origin from Garunggang Village, Kuala Subdistrict, Langkat Regency
Authors: Maryunianta Y , Kesuma S I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Grass jelly (cincau) are the mainstay commodities for farmers in Garunggang Village because it is cultivated by more than 90% of farmers, with the traditional cultivation system. The objectives of this research are to identify and analyze internal and external factors and to analyze the strategy of developing sustainable grass jelly agroindustry. The Slovin method used to obtain a sample of 75 farmers. Sampling was done by simple random sampling method. To assess strategies for developing sustainable grass jelly agroindustry, ten categories of respondents were determined, namely officers of the Regencial Agriculture Service, Provincial SME Association, Provincial Agriculture Service, Provincial Industry Service, extension worker, NGOs, village officer, lecturer, traders, and grass jelly consumers. In addition to the category of farmers, each category was represented by 1 respondent. Data were analyzed using SWOT Analysis Method. The results showed that the internal factors of sustainable grass jelly agroindustry development include the spirit of business actors/farmers and land area suitable for grass jelly cultivation; while the external factors include market/consumer demand for processed grass jelly and the development of the tourism sector in the region. Strategy for sustainable agroindustry development of grass jelly should be implemented with a diversification strategy.
Fairtrade on coffee farming in Takengon District, Central Aceh Regency
Authors: Sianturi U , Wibowo R P , Chalil D , Ginting K H , Pebriyani D , Damanik S M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fairtrade in coffee farming has been widely applied in several coffee-producing countries. Not only providing a quality guarantee to coffee consumers, but fair trade also guarantees higher price and benefit for coffee farmers in exchange for all the efforts made during coffee cultivation. Gayo Coffee is one of the commodities that is being produced and becomes exporting commodity in Indonesia. The Fairtrade system has been implemented by coffee Gayo farmers in Takengon District Since 2018. There are two groups of Gayo Coffee farmers in Takengon District, non-fairtrade and fairtrade coffee farmers. The result of study shows that productivity incremental of non-fairtrade farmer is greater than fairtrade farmer due to the requirements of fairtrade such as the use of organic fertilizers which causes farmers’ productivity to be lower. However, income incremental of non-fairtrade farmer is lower than fairtrade farmer due to additional price that is only given to the fairtrade farmer.
Financial analysis and contribution of arabica coffee for sustainable coffee farming in Sitolu Bahal Village, Lintongnihuta Subdistrict, Humbang Hasundutan Regency
Authors: Sihombing N , Supriana T , Salmiah  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Coffee is one of the leading plantation commodities which has an important role in the economy. Coffee acts as a provider of employment, a source of income, and foreign exchange through exports. However, in carrying out coffee farming, farmers experience obstacles that can affect the level of income contribution from coffee farming which ultimately affects family income and the sustainability of coffee farming. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial feasibility of Arabica coffee farming and to determine the contribution of Arabica coffee agribusiness income to family income and sustainability of Arabica coffee farming. The determination of the research area was carried out by purposive sampling (sampling with a specific purpose) because Sitolu Bahal Village has the largest land area in Lintongnihuta Subdistrict. The analytical method used was the feasibility analysis, namely the analysis of NPV, Net B/C, and IRR methods, and the analysis of the proportions (contribution of family income) method. The research results showed that the NPV value was IDR 10,682,488.69, the Net B/C value was 28.85, and the IRR value was 44.24%. The contribution of Arabica coffee farming income to family income was 13%. This high contribution shows that the farming business is sustainable.
Automatic water table control system with remote telemetry and control unit
Authors: Saptomo S K , Arif C , Suwarno W B , Setiawan B I , Rusianto  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A newly developed automatic control system effectively manages water tables using perforated pipes for both irrigation and drainage. Water levels are monitored by sensors connected to a Remote Telemetry Control Unit (RTCU), which operates irrigation and drainage valves. The system links to a cloud server, providing remote access through a user dashboard. This enables users to observe water level data and adjust the water table as needed. The system’s adaptability allows for regulation of rice field water levels based on cultivation requirements, enhancing water use efficiency, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. Operating at a laboratory scale for several months, the system’s performance in controlling water tables has been assessed using recorded data. The data reveal that the system automatically provides irrigation when water tables decrease and initiates drainage when rain increases water levels or when a lower level is set. This control ensures optimal soil moisture preservation, readily available to plant roots. Overall, the system demonstrates strong performance in maintaining water tables and soil moisture levels
Development of an automated precision planter for solanaceous vegetable seeds
Authors: Zamuco C T , Amongo R M C , Suministrado D C , Peralta E K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An automated precision planter was developed to mechanize the seedling preparation process. The machine was fabricated based on the seeds size and tray cells distance. It can precisely place single seeds per row in tray continuously. Tomato, eggplant, and pepper were used as test materials. Three vacuum pressures (0.68 kPa, 0.93 kPa, and 1.18 kPa) were used to determine the performance of the machine. Evaluated in terms of single seeds, double, multiple, missing cells, singulation efficiency, seed utilization efficiency, seeding efficiency and seeding capacity. Results showed it can plant single seeds with 57.81–86.98%, double with 4.95–29.43%, multiple with 0.09–4.25%, and missing cells with 4.43–36.89%. Also, the machine has a singulation efficiency of 63.98–93.91% with a seed utilization efficiency of 70.69–94.17%, seeding efficiency of 63.11–95.57% and a seeding capacity between 3,310 – 5,011 cells per hour which was 3.8 times faster than manual. The precision of the machine was affected by pressure and seed surface area which are highly significant on the performance of the machine. The total cost of the planter was $564.94 with a payback period of 1.41 years with a return on investment of 60.36 % using a custom rate of $0.055/tray.