bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A double‐blind randomised controlled trial of laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation for women with chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Johnson N.P. , Farquhar C.M. , Crossley S. , Yu Y. , Van Peperstraten A.M. , Sprecher M. , Suckling J. 
Published: August 2004

Objective  To determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation (LUNA) for chronic pelvic pain in women with endometriosis and women with no laparoscopic evidence of endometriosis.Design  A prospective double‐blind randomised controlled trial (RCT).Setting  Single‐centre, secondary‐level gynaecology outpatient service and tertiary‐level pelvic pain and endometriosis outpatient service in Auckland, New Zealand.Population  One hundred and twenty‐three women undergoing laparoscopy for investigation and management of chronic pelvic pain, 56 with no laparoscopic evidence of endometriosis and 67 with endometriosis.Methods  Women were randomised from the two populations, firstly those with no evidence of endometriosis and secondly those undergoing laparoscopic surgical treatment for endometriosis, to receive LUNA or no LUNA. Participant and assessor blinding was employed. Follow up for pain outcomes was undertaken at 24 hours, 3 months and 12 months.Main outcome measures  Changes in non‐menstrual pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea, deep dyspareunia and dyschezia were assessed primarily by whether there was a decrease in visual analogue score for these types of pain of 50% or more from baseline and additionally whether there was a significantly different change in median visual analogue score. The numbers requiring further surgery or starting a new medical treatment for pelvic pain and complications were also measured.Results  There was a significant reduction in dysmenorrhoea at 12 month follow up in women with chronic pelvic pain in the absence of endometriosis who underwent LUNA (median change in visual analogue scale (VAS) from baseline −4.8 versus−0.8 (P= 0.039), 42.1%versus 14.3% experiencing a successful treatment defined as a 50% or greater reduction in visual analogue pain scale for dysmenorrhoea (P= 0.045). There was no significant difference in non‐menstrual pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia or dyschezia in women with no endometriosis undergoing LUNA versus no LUNA. The addition of LUNA to laparoscopic surgical treatment of endometriosis was not associated with a significant difference in any pain outcomes.Conclusions  LUNA is effective for dysmenorrhoea in the absence of endometriosis, although there is no evidence of effectiveness of LUNA for non‐dysmenorrhoeic chronic pelvic pain or for any type of chronic pelvic pain related to endometriosis.
Analgesia requirements and predictors of analgesia use for women undergoing medical abortion up to 22 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hamoda H. , Ashok P.W. , Flett G.M.M. , Templeton A. 
Published: August 2004

Objective  To assess analgesia use and the predictors for requiring analgesia in women undergoing medical abortion at all gestations up to 22 weeks.Design  Retrospective observational study.Setting  Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland.Population  Consecutive women undergoing medical abortion under the terms of the 1967 Abortion Act.Methods  Analgesia requirements and characteristics of women undergoing abortion were analysed using logistic regression.Main outcome measures  The effect of age, gestation, reproductive history, route and dose of misoprostol administration on analgesia requirements.Results  Of the total 4343 women included in this review, 3139 women (72%) required analgesia. Of these, 3054 women (97%) used oral analgesia, 75 women (2.4%) used opiates while 10 women (0.3%) had diclofenac sodium given rectally. There was no significant difference in analgesia use whether women used the vaginal or sublingual route of misoprostol administration. Logistic regression showed a significant positive association with gestation at termination (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.12), number of misoprostol doses used (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.51) and induction to abortion interval (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.12) and a negative association with the age of women undergoing abortion (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99) and previous live birth (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33–0.56).Conclusions  Analgesia requirement was significantly higher in women of younger age, higher gestation, longer induction to abortion interval and with increased number of misoprostol doses used while women with previous live birth were significantly less likely to use analgesia.
First-, Second-, and Third-Generation Family Firms: A Comparison
Authors: Sonfield Matthew C. , Lussier Robert N. 
Published: August 2004

SAGE wishes to inform readers that the article titled “Bahavioral [sic] Characteristics of Entrepreneurs in the Gujrat, Gujranawala and Slalkot Industrial Clusters of Pakistan: A Comparisn [sic] of First, Second and Third Generation Family Firms,” by Shahid Qureshi, Sarfraz A. Mian, and Arif Iqbal Rana, published in Volume 1, Issue 2 (November 2010) of International Journal of Business and Social Science included substantial excerpts from this article, “First-, Second-, and Third-Generation Family Firms: A Comparison,” by Matthew C. Sonfield and Robert N. Lussier, Volume XVII, Number 3 (September 2004) of Family Business Review, without appropriate attribution to Drs. Sonfield and Lussier or authorization of the authors or SAGE. Numerous requests made by SAGE to the editor of International Journal of Business and Social Science to address the inappropriate use of this article have gone unanswered. SAGE has additionally been informed by the lead author of the IJBSS article, Shahid Qureshi, that Sarfraz A. Mian and Arif Iqbal Rana did not participate in the authorship of the IJBSS article, and authorship of the article was completed by Dr. Qureshi alone. There has been limited prior research into generational differences among family businesses. This study compared first-, second-, and third-generation family firms. Contrary to much of the current literature, only two significant differences were found when testing 11 hypotheses. As hypothesized, first-generation family businesses do less succession planning than second- and third-generation family firms, and there are no differences between first-, second-, and third- generation firms with regard to the influence of the firm's founder. Also, first-generation firms had the highest use of equity versus debt financing. Although not tested as a hypothesis, demographic analysis indicated fewer first-generation firms using the corporation form of ownership. Analysis of covariance indicated no spurious relationships existing in the hypotheses.
Treatment Implications of Trigeminal Sensitization in Acute and Chronic Migraine: Expert Commentary on Selected Abstracts
Authors: Becker W. J. 
Published: August 2004

Triptan Treatment Provides Better Headache Relief if Taken Early in the Migraine AttackOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan, 50‐mg and 100‐mg tablets, compared with the placebo for the treatment of migraine at the first sign of pain.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two identical multicenter randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐attack studies were conducted from May through November 2000 in adults (aged 18–65 years). Patients treated migraine at the first sign of pain, while pain was mild, but not more than 2 hours after onset with oral sumatriptan, 50 or 100 mg, or matching placebo. The primary end point was pain‐free relief at 2 hours after treatment with 50 mg of sumatriptan compared with placebo.RESULTS: There were 354 patients in study 1 and 337 patients in study 2. Significantly more patients treated with sumatriptan, 50 and 100 mg, were completely free from pain 2 and 4 hours after the treatment versus patients treated with placebo (at 2 hours, 50% and 57% vs. 29%; at 4 hours, 61% and 68% vs. 30%; for both, p < 0.001). Also, significantly more patients treated with sumatriptan, 50 and 100 mg, were migraine‐free (no pain or associated symptoms) versus those treated with placebo at 2 and 4 hours after the treatment (at 2 hours, 43% and 49% vs. 24%; at 4 hours, 54% and 63% vs. 28%; for both, p < 0.001). The incidence of overall adverse events was low with the 50‐ and 100‐mg dose of sumatriptan (placebo, 7%; sumatriptan at 50 mg, 14%; sumatriptan at 100 mg, 16%).CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of migraine at the first sign of pain with sumatriptan, 50‐mg and 100‐mg tablets, provides superior pain‐free relief at 2 and 4 hours after the treatment compared with the placebo. Results of these studies suggest that sumatriptan at 100 mg may be more efficacious than at 50 mg when used in the early treatment paradigm. Because these studies were not powered to detect statistical differences between active doses, studies to investigate this finding are warranted.
Relevance of Cues for Assessing Hallucinated Voice Experiences
Authors: England Margaret , Rubenstein Linda , Tripp‐Reimer Toni 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSE. To assess psychiatric nurses' views of the importance of itemized content represented on an Inventory of Voice Experiences (IVE) for ongoing assessment of atypical auditory sense perception in people who hear voices.METHODS. Over 6 months, 317 experienced psychiatric nurses rated 58 assessment cues for hallucinated voice experiences. Cronbach's alpha, Cohen's kappa, and Bartko's intraclass correlation coefficients were used to measure concordance of the nurses' judgments against two hypothetical standards derived for purposes of the study.FINDINGS. There was moderate support for both the internal consistency of the nurses' judgments concerning the importance of itemized content represented on the WE and overall equivalence of the content. There was modest‐to‐moderate concordance of the nurses' original and subsequent judgments but a lack of concordance of the nurses' judgments with equally weighted judgments of the principal investigator even though the judgments of the investigator were based on extant literature and published reports of voice hearers.CONCLUSIONS. Results may reflect the effects of repeated testing, but it also is possible that some nurses did not have enough knowledge or professional experience to quantify judgments about the importance of hallucinated voice descriptions tied to the items on the WE. The findings are being used to refine the IVE.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Findings provide nurses with opportunities for discerning specific characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of voice hearing along with their implications for health and well‐being. Discernment of this information will facilitate identification of more specific and meaningful options for helping voice hearers manage their voices.Search terms: Auditory hallucinations, schizophrenia
Nursing Outcomes Across a Surgical Care Episode
Authors: Porcella Aleta 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSETo test the validity and reliability of the NOC labels.METHODS94 NOC labels were assigned to neurologic, orthopedic, and surgical patients. Because of a nursing shortage and nurses' objections to the time‐consuming nature of the study procedures, changes were made in the data‐gathering process. Realizing that busy floor nurses would complete ratings on labels that had already been started but were reluctant to search through 94 different labels to find the ones most critical to their particular patient, the pool of selectable NOCs was shortened by nurse experts from 94 to a handful deemed most critical to the patient population. Outpatient nurses selected NOCs during patients' presurgical work‐up and completed a first rating. Clinic nurses were asked to complete a third rating at the patients' postoperative visit. This left only a second rating and some interrater reliability ratings to be done by inpatient nurses.FINDINGSResults from the surgical patient population involved 122 subjects with preoperative clinic visit ratings and postoperative inpatient setting ratings. Postoperative clinic visit ratings were obtained on 94 of the 122 subjects as well. Twelve different NOCs were used for this population. Most frequently chosen were Comfort Level (n= 78), Pain Level (n= 26), and Ambulation: Walking (n= 24).For Comfort Level the average change from first to second rating (mean difference) was 1.12. Change from first to third rating was 1.53. Change from second to third rating was 0.48. These mean differences are all significant at the p<.001 level. Subjects who were rated on Comfort Level in the inpatient setting only (n= 14) demonstrated a change from first to second rating of 0.77, from first to third rating 1.43, and from second to third rating of 0.67. The n on other individual labels of the study subset was too small for meaningful tests of statistical significance. However, grouping all labels together, all mean difference ratings for this population are significant at the p<.001 level.DISCUSSIONNOC is conceptualized as a neutral patient state that will vary across the life span of the individual as that person's health status changes. It seems axiomatic that ratings spaced widely across the span of a surgical episode of care would demonstrate greater change than those clustered during the inpatient portion of the episode of care. Although very small, this study lends credence to the validity of the language to capture patient state changes.CONCLUSIONSThe question of when to rate NOCs is of more than passing theoretical interest. It is critical to the appropriate use of outcomes. Although this work needs to be replicated with a larger sample size, different diagnosis‐related groups, and at different institutions, this preliminary work seems to support the ability of NOC to demonstrate significant changes in outcome ratings across an acute surgical episode of care.
Translation, Utilization, and Psychometric Properties of the Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool With Patients in Brazil
Authors: Leite de Barros Alba Lucia Botura , Marlene Michel Jeanne Liliane , da Nobrega Miriam Lima 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSETo translate the Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool (FHPAST) into Portuguese and further test and refine its psychometric properties using data obtained from culturally diverse clinical populations with chronic illnesses.METHODA nurse expert in the language translated the FHPAST into Portuguese. The instrument was validated using the back‐translation technique, followed by the judgment of another doctorally prepared nurse before use in the clinical setting. The tool was administered to 99 patients hospitalized in six units of Hospital São Paulo (neurologic surgery, orthopedics, pneumology, cardiac surgery, urology and vascular surgery, and infectious/parasite diseases) and to 28 undergraduate nursing students from Federal University of Paraiba. The 127 questionnaires were computed and data analyzed by the authors jointly with the multicenter study coordinators, according to preestablished analysis techniques.FINDINGSThe small sample size made it possible to run only frequencies as well as sum scores for the total sample. Reliabilities on usable cases was .94. Nurses who applied the tool observed that these data, added to data collected in specific physical examination for each specialty, allowed them to establish some nursing diagnoses not previously identified with the specialty's own tool. Most patients needed help to understand the questions and fill in the form, given the large percentage of illiterate or low‐scholarship people in this population. Completion time was approximately 25 minutes. Nurses who cared for patients with vascular and urologic conditions believed that using the FHPAST with aged patients was not productive because of the patients' difficulty understanding some questions and decreased hearing acuity. These difficulties were not noted with younger patients, patients from other specialties, or the students.DISCUSSIONFHPAST was designed to be a reliable and valid instrument allowing nurses to obtain screening assessment data to generate potential clinical judgments, select nursing interventions, and identify patient outcomes. The FHPAST is a 58‐item, self‐completed assessment tool based on Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns. It can be used to screen functional health and related behaviors across clinical populations. To date, research conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument has been based on data obtained from well young‐adult populations. There has been limited, if any, use of the tool with culturally diverse populations within an acute care setting.CONCLUSIONSThere were no problems related to the instrument translation and back‐translation process with respect to semantic equivalence. However, using the tool with different populations (patients and students) showed that changes are needed in the language of specific tool items for use with selected culturally diverse clinical populations.
Comfort Management as a Proposed NIC, and Validation of Three NOCs for End‐of‐Life and Chronically III Patients
Authors: Killeen Mary B. 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSETo describe comfort management interventions and test three outcomes (Pain Level, Comfort Level, and Quality of Life) for their use in data collection and as patient‐initiated clinical tools.METHODSHospice and home care RNs identified eligible patients at weekly team meetings. Three consecutive weekly interviews for each subject were conducted in the home. A study packet, completed by the research interviewer during the patient interviews, consisted of a demographic form, four outcome instruments (Pain Level, Comfort Level, Quality of Life, Patient Satisfaction With Comfort Management [PSCM], Cost of Care), and the criterion tools. The three outcomes were evaluated for criterion‐related validity using gold standard research tools.FINDINGSThe final convenience sample was 38 chronically ill or end‐of‐life adult patients with chronic or cancer pain from two home care/hospice agencies. The PSCM tool has 22 items on a 4‐point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Content validity was supported with a content validity index of .95 for the total instrument using 10 patient volunteers with pain diagnoses (4 chronically ill, 6 terminally ill) from a medical inpatient unit. All areas of difficulty in 12 items were revised. No omissions were identified. Cronbach's alpha (α) in this study was .96 (n= 19). Two NOC tools, Pain Level (7 items, n= 80, α= .76) and Comfort Level (6 items, n= 81, α= .76) demonstrated good internal consistency reliability for use by chronically and terminally ill patients. Pain Level demonstrated concurrent validity with a 0–10 numeric intensity scale (n= 30, r= .80 p<.01). Criterion validity was minimally established for Comfort Level (r= .38, p= .01) with the visual analogue scale for Total Comfort. Quality of Life did not achieve criterion‐related validity with the Quality of Life Index for chronically ill patients or the Missoula‐VITAS® for hospice patients.DISCUSSIONThe PSCM demonstrated initial reliability and validity and needs to be tested with a larger sample for construct validity. Quality of Life items need to be reevaluated and retested before implementation as a clinical tool with these patient populations. Pain Level and Comfort Level tools had evidence of reliability and validity and usefulness as data collection tools in research studies. The three nursing outcomes demonstrated adaptability for self‐report by patients—a major variation of their intended use as clinical tools used only by RNs.CONCLUSIONSPatient satisfaction with comfort management is an important nursing‐sensitive outcome and is needed for outcomes research. These pilot study results will be used as a basis for selecting instruments for a quasiexperimental study on the impact of comfort management on nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes among chronically ill and end‐of‐life patients.
Nursing Records With Standardized Nursing Language in Prehospital Emergency Care: From Utopia to Reality
Authors: Morales Juan Miguel , Rodríguez M.M. , Terol J. , Torres A. , Álvarez J.M. 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSETo design a record containing “traditional” and nursing process–related data, adapted to prehospital emergency care.METHODSIn the course of conducting a research project about nursing process implementation strategies in prehospital emergency care, a pilot electronic patient record was designed by expert critical care nurses. A prehospital emergency service of a leading city in the Andalusian region in Spain was chosen to test the initial implementation of the record using a qualitative approach that included semistructured interviews and record evaluation, plus a 1‐week education program about clinical use of nursing process. The record included assessment parameters, NANDA, NIC, and NOC standardized nursing terminologies as the main focus of clinical reasoning, care planning, and delineating outcomes and interventions.FINDINGSTwelve prehospital emergency care nurses were trained with a specific nursing process program. They all applied the electronic record during their clinical perfomance and related high satisfaction with it in their interviews, although they reported some initial difficulties with terminology. After this pilot phase, the record was extended to the other seven leading cities in the region following a presentation by two expert nurses. The record has been included as a formal component of the hospital information system and the NOC labels will be used as criteria when evaluating the prehospital emergency nurses. A copy of each record is deposited at the admission hospital.DISCUSSIONThe enrichment of an information system with nurse‐sensitive data is crucial for emergency services where the nurse offers complex but often neverdocumented services. The difficulties of combining easily recordable forms and exhaustive data gathering can be overcome with qualitative techniques and education activities that highlight the benefits of standardized nursing language and critical paths prior to implementation.CONCLUSIONSThe aim of developing a nursing recording system based on standardized nursing language must be balanced against a lack of a nurse‐oriented conceptual framework among emergency nurses and their unfamiliarity with nurse terminology.
Use of Standardized Language in Neuroscience Nursing
Authors: Finesilver Cynthia 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSETo demonstrate the use of standardized nursing language for a client with a severe traumatic brain injury, from the time of admission to the emergency center to the client's admission to the rehabilitation unit.BACKGROUNDA client with increased intracranial pressure based on pertinent assessment data was followed.MAIN CONTENT POINTSAlthough the client's outcomes remained consistent, the indicators reflected the client's recovery and decreased risk of increased intracranial pressure. The nursing activities were individualized as the client moved from the emergency center, to the intensive care unit, to the acute care unit, and eventually to the rehabilitation unit.CONCLUSIONSChallenges to the use of standardized nursing languages include development of software for computer documentation and retrieval. Legend‐code charting rather than text‐based charting must be used. Nurses need to understand the value of taxonomies and standardized nursing languages, and that NOC outcomes and NIC activities are easily individualized for specific client populations.