bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Completion pancreatectomy following pancreaticoduodenectomy: Clinical experience
Authors: Smith C. Daniel , Sarr Michael G. , vanHeerden Jon A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWhile pancreaticoduodenectomy is today performed with an operative mortality of <5%, the incidence of significant operative morbidity remains at least 25%. Albeit rarely, completion pancreatectomy during the early postoperative period may be required to manage uncontrolled pancreatic anastomotic leaks. From 1964 to 1988, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed on 479 patients at our institution, 178 (37%) of whom required re‐operation in the early postoperative period. Of these, 11 (6%) patients underwent completion pancreatectomy at a mean interval of 18 days following Whipple resection. The indications prompting re‐operation included a suspected pancreatic leak (n=8), intra‐abdominal hemorrhage (n=2), and pancreaticocutaneous fistula (n=1). Operative findings necessitating completion pancreatectomy included pancreatic anastomotic dehiscence with severe surrounding inflammation/necrosis prohibiting reanastomosis or repair (n=10) and necrotizing pancreatitis with uncontrolled hemorrhage (1). Seven (64%) of these 11 patients died postoperatively of sepsis and multiple organ failure. The mean hospital stay in the 4 surviving patients was 46 days (range, 26 to 53 days). These 4 patients survived for a mean period of 24 months following hospital dismissal.
Factors affecting morbidity and mortality in biliary tract surgery
Authors: Su Cheng‐Hsi , P'eng Fang‐Ku , Lui Wing‐Yiu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThirty‐six clinical and laboratory parameters in 770 consecutive patients undergoing biliary tract surgery over a 3 year period were analyzed in an effort to define the patients at greatest risk. Twelve parameters had a significant correlation with hospital mortality, while multivariate analysis revealed that septic shock, malignant obstruction, serum albumin <3.0 gm%, history of hypertension, and plasma urea nitrogen >20 mg % had an independent significance in predicting postoperative mortality. The presence of more than 2 of these risk factors identified a group of patients with an 18% mortality rate. It is for this group of patients that adequate pre‐operative preparation such as fluid resuscitation, prophylactic antibiotics, and nutritional support are essential. The controversial preoperative biliary drainage might be only indicated in this group of patients.
Information management: Considering adolescents’ regulation of parental knowledge
Authors: Marshall Sheila K. , Tilton‐Weaver Lauree C. , Bosdet Lara 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTEmploying Goffman's [(1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday and Company] notion of impression management, adolescents’ conveyance of information about their whereabouts and activities to parents was assessed employing two methodologies. First, a two‐wave panel design with a sample of 121 adolescents was used to test a model of information management incorporating two forms of information regulation (lying and willingness to disclose), adolescents’ perception of their parents’ knowledge about their activities, and adolescent misconduct. Path analysis was used to examine the model for two forms of misconduct as outcomes: substance use and antisocial behaviours. Fit indices indicate the path models were all good fits to the data. Second, 96 participants’ responses to semi‐structured questions were analyzed using a qualitative analytic technique. Findings reveal adolescents withhold or divulge information in coordination with their parents, employ impression management techniques, and try to balance safety issues with preservation of the parent–adolescent relationship.
Brief report: The factor structure of mood states in an early adolescent sample
Authors: Duffy Christopher J. , Cunningham Everarda G. , Moore Susan M. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the structure of negative mood states among young adolescents. Students aged 11–15 years from a secondary school in Melbourne, Australia, completed the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) [Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1996). Depression anxiety stress scales. Sydney: The Psychology Foundation of Australia Inc.]. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) failed to find support for a three‐factor model. Further analyses suggested that items from the DASS were best represented by two factors, namely a generalized negativity factor and a factor comprising items indicating physiological arousal.
Capelin (Mallotus villosus) distribution and climate: a sea “canary” for marine ecosystem change
Authors: Rose G.A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCapelin (Mallotus villosus) is a classic “r” adapted pelagic species that inhabits the northern boreal oceans at the margins of cold Arctic waters. The species originated in the North Pacific and colonized the North Atlantic at least once during interglacial periods of the past few million years. Capelin became the main forage species for many larger predatory fish, and also for seabirds and marine mammals. The colonizing abilities of capelin have been noted in historical anecdotes, typically in concert with climate variations. In this paper, all known shifts in distribution are catalogued. Shifts have taken place at the larval and adult stages, and some result in new spawning locations, others do not. Displacement distance relates to temperature change: log10(distancekm) = 0.28 × temperature change + 2.16 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.91). The persistence of the shifts relates to the displacement distance: log10(persistencey) = 2.62 × log10(distancekm) − 6.56 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.83). The quick and consistent response of capelin to temperature change, its importance to the North Atlantic foodweb, and established monitoring methods suggest this species as a sea “canary” for northern boreal marine ecosystem responses to climate variability and change.
Magnetostratigraphic evidence from the Cold Creek bar for onset of ice-age cataclysmic floods in eastern Washington during the early pleistocene
Authors: Pluhar Christopher J. , Bjornstad Bruce N. , Reidel Stephen P. , Coe Robert S. , Nelson Paul B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study provides a detailed magnetostratigraphy of sediments composing the Cold Creek cataclysmic flood bar in the Pasco Basin, Washington. Our interpretation suggests onset of Missoula floods or similar events prior to 1.1 myr, later than previously suggested by Bjornstad et al. [Bjornstad, B.N., Fecht, K.R., Pluhar, C.J., 2001. Long history of pre-Wisconsin, Ice Age cataclysmic floods: evidence from southeastern Washington State. Journal of Geology 109 (6), 695–713]. Nonetheless these data suggest that Channeled Scabland features formed over a much longer timespan than commonly cited, that continental ice sheets of the early Pleistocene reached as far south as those of the late Pleistocene, and that similar physiography existed in eastern Washington and perhaps Montana to both generate and route Missoula-flood-like events. This study adds paleomagnetic polarity results from 213 new samples of silts and sands derived from nine new drill cores penetrating the Cold Creek cataclysmic flood bar to our previous database of 53 samples from four boreholes, resulting in a much more robust and detailed magnetostratigraphy. Rock magnetic studies on these sediments show pure magnetite to be the predominant remanence-carrying magnetic mineral, ruling out widespread remagnetization by secondary mineralization. The magnetostratigraphy at eastern Cold Creek bar is characterized by a normal polarity interval bracketed by reversed polarities. Equating the normal zone with the Jaramillo subchron (0.99–1.07 myr) affords the simplest correlation to the magnetic polarity timescale. Western Cold Creek bar was likely deposited during the Brunhes chron (0–0.78 myr) since it exhibits mainly normal polarities with only two thin reversed-polarity horizons that we interpret as magnetic excursions during the Brunhes.
Triadic model of the neurobiology of motivated behavior in adolescence
Authors: ERNST MONIQUE , PINE DANIEL S. , HARDIN MICHAEL 
Published: September 2005

Background. Risk-taking behavior is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adolescence. In the context of decision theory and motivated (goal-directed) behavior, risk-taking reflects a pattern of decision-making that favors the selection of courses of action with uncertain and possibly harmful consequences. We present a triadic, neuroscience systems-based model of adolescent decision-making.Method. We review the functional role and neurodevelopmental findings of three key structures in the control of motivated behavior, i.e. amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and medial/ventral prefrontal cortex. We adopt a cognitive neuroscience approach to motivated behavior that uses a temporal fragmentation of a generic motivated action. Predictions about the relative contributions of the triadic nodes to the three stages of a motivated action during adolescence are proposed.Results. The propensity during adolescence for reward/novelty seeking in the face of uncertainty or potential harm might be explained by a strong reward system (nucleus accumbens), a weak harm-avoidant system (amygdala), and/or an inefficient supervisory system (medial/ventral prefrontal cortex). Perturbations in these systems may contribute to the expression of psychopathology, illustrated here with depression and anxiety.Conclusions. A triadic model, integrated in a temporally organized map of motivated behavior, can provide a helpful framework that suggests specific hypotheses of neural bases of typical and atypical adolescent behavior.
Neuregulin 1 gene and variations in perceptual aberration of schizotypal personality in adolescents
Authors: LIN HSIAO-FAN , LIU YU-LI , LIU CHIH-MIN , HUNG SHUEN-IU , HWU HAI-GWO , CHEN WEI J. 
Published: September 2005

Background. We test the hypothesis that the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene at chromosome 8p22-p12, which has been implicated as a susceptibility gene to schizophrenia, is associated with variations in schizotypal personality in non-clinical populations.Method. A randomly selected sample of 905 adolescents were assessed for their personality features using the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP8NRG221533, rs3924999, and rs2954041) at the NRG1 gene. Relations between the three genetic variants and continuous schizotypal personality scores were evaluated using ANOVA for single-locus analyses and haplotype trend regression test for multi-locus analyses.Results. Single locus analysis showed that the A allele of rs3924999, a functional polymorphism in exon 2, had the largest effect size and exhibited a prominent allele–dose trend effect for the PAS score. Haplotype analyses using the haplotype trend regression test indicated that the A allele of rs3924999 was mainly responsible for the association with the PAS but not with the SPQ or its three factors, and the magnitude of significance was not strengthened by the combination of this allele with adjacent locus.Conclusions. Our study provides the first evidence for the association of NRG1 with schizotypal personality and indicates a possible role of NRG1 in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia through perceptual aberrations.
occupational activity and risk of prostate cancer in ireland
Authors: flinton d. m. , walters n. j. 
Published: September 2005

study objective: the study intended to investigate the possible relationship between physical activity and prostate cancer risk on a previously unexamined population set.design: a population-based study was conducted on males entered on the irish cancer registry between the years 1994 to 1997 to investigate if physical activity affected the risk of prostate cancer. activity was coded for three levels of occupational activity and the odds ratios were calculated together with 95% confidence limits.results: despite limitations in the data, an elevated risk (odds ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.29–3.52) was seen in working subjects with low levels of activity compared with the high activity group. in the retired group there was a slight elevation of risk, although it was not statistically significant.conclusion: the study suggests that physical activity offers a small but significant reduction in prostate cancer risk for those people in work.
Does the 23‐Valent Pneumococcal Vaccine Protect Cochlear Implant Recipients?
Authors: Hey Christiane , Rose Markus A. , Kujumdshiev Sandy , Gstoettner Wolfgang , Schubert Ralf , Zielen Stefan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The incidence of meningitis is increased in cochlear implant (CI) recipients. Besides malformations, immunological deficiencies are predisposing factors. Therefore, the immunological background of CI recipients and the immunogenicity of the recommended 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV‐23) were investigated.Study Design: Prospective study in a tertiary care referral center.Methods: One hundred twenty CI recipients who were at least 5 years of age were vaccinated with PPV‐23. Levels of immunoglobulins G, A, and M (IgG, IgA, and IgM, respectively) and IgG subclasses IgG1–IgG4 before vaccination and serum concentrations of antibodies against seven pneumococcal serotypes before and 4 weeks after vaccination were determined. The cohort was subdivided by patient age into groups A1 (5–8 y), A2 (8–12 y), and A3 (>12 y).Results: Geometric mean concentrations of pneumococcal antibodies before vaccination were remarkably low in all three groups, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in this risk group. All groups showed a statistically significant increase in geometric mean concentrations after immunization. For group A1 compared with groups A2 and A3, response was limited, especially for serotypes 6B (geometric mean concentration, 1.71 μg/mL; P = .0007), 23F (geometric mean concentration, 2.28 μg/mL; P = .04), and 14 (geometric mean concentration, 3.98 μg/mL; P = .0004). The percentages of patients reaching the presumed protective threshold of at least 1 μg/mL pneumococcal antibody concentration were at least 71.1% in group A1, 93.8% in group A2, and 90.5% in group A3. This raises the question of whether PPV‐23 evokes satisfying seroprotection in CI recipients younger than 8 years of age.Conclusion: With regard to the increased risk for bacterial meningitis, the authors recommend priming CI recipients younger than 8 years of age with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by a PPV‐23 booster.
MED‐EL Combi40+ Cochlear Implantation in Adults
Authors: Bassim Marc K. , Buss Emily , Clark Marcia S. , Kolln Karen A. , Pillsbury Carol H. , Pillsbury Harold C. , Buchman Craig A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: Cochlear implantation is currently the treatment of choice for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The MED‐EL Combi40+ (Innsbruck, Austria) cochlear implant system was approved for use in the United States in 2001. This device employs a 31‐mm‐long electrode array, ceramic case, and continuous interleaved sampling with Hilbert transformation for envelope extraction. A single institution's experience with the Combi40+ implant in adult patients was reviewed.Study Design: Retrospective chart review.Methods: Medical‐surgical and audiological data were collected from 112 patients who received a MED‐EL Combi40+ cochlear implant between December 1998 and April 2004.Results: The rate of surgical complications and speech perception testing results compared favorably with those of other cochlear implant systems. For postlingually deafened adults, mean CNC word, HINTQ, CUNY, and HINT + 10 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio scores after 1 year of implant usage were 54%, 87%, 96%, and 64%, respectively. Prelingually deafened adults also derived significant benefit, but plateau performance for these patients was well below that for patients with later onset of deafness and significant variability was seen in this group. Repeat implantation for suspected device malfunction was undertaken in seven cases (6% of devices) (mean duration of use, 28 ± 12 mo) with ultimate resolution of the presenting problem.Conclusion: The study results support the safety and efficacy of cochlear implantation with the MED‐EL Combi40+ cochlear implant system.
Dilatation for Assisted Ventilation‐Induced Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Authors: Clément Philippe , Hans Stéphane , de Mones Erwan , Sigston Elizabeth , Laccourreye Ollivier , Brasnu Daniel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective: To assess the long‐term results of dilatation and our experience with dilatation for assisted ventilation‐induced laryngotracheal stenosis.Design: A retrospective study of 32 patients primarily treated with dilatation for assisted ventilation‐induced laryngotracheal stenosis between 1977 and 2002.Setting: A tertiary care center and university teaching hospital.Patients: There were 19 men and 13 women aged 15 to 76 years. The stenosis was cicatricial with some inflammatory process in 27 patients and completely mature in 5 patients. The stenosis involved the cricoid and the trachea in four patients. In 28 patients, the stenosis involved only the trachea.Methods: Dilatation was performed with serially sized rigid bronchoscopes. Endoscopic laser vaporization was never performed in this series. Six patients were treated with only one dilatation. The 26 remaining patients were treated with successively 2 to 10 dilatations (mean, 3.3 dilatations). The dilatation success rate was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method.Results: Median duration of follow‐up was 1.8 years. Mortality rate was 9.4%. The overall failure rate was 71.8%. Twenty patients presented with recurrent stenosis. The treatment of recurrent stenosis consisted of tracheal resection with end‐to‐end anastomosis (11 patients, 55%), cricotracheal anastomosis (5 patients, 25%), tracheal endoprosthesis (2 patients, 10%), and tracheotomy (1 patient, 5%). All patients who underwent tracheal or cricotracheal anastomosis were successfully treated. None of the variables under analysis (sex, age, medical history, cause for intubation, intubation type and duration, delay from initial injury, degree of stenosis, length of trachea involved, number of dilatations) were statistically related to the incidence of complications and the success rate of dilatations.Conclusions: We do not recommend dilatation technique as the sole treatment for assisted ventilation‐induced laryngotracheal stenosis. This technique is helpful in case of emergency to restore an airway and useful for the assessment of stenosis.
Ligasure versus Cold Knife Tonsillectomy
Authors: Lachanas Vassilios A. , Prokopakis Emmanuel P. , Bourolias Constantinos A. , Karatzanis Alexander D. , Malandrakis Stylianos G. , Helidonis Emmanuel S. , Velegrakis George A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective: To assess parameters related to ligasure tonsillectomy (LT) versus cold knife tonsillectomy (CKT) procedure.Study Design: Prospective randomized study.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 200 consecutive adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Indications included chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Patients undergoing adenoidectomy, or any procedure together with tonsillectomy, and patients with peritonsillar abscess history or bleeding disorders were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned to either the LT or CKT group. Intraoperative bleeding, operative time, postoperative pain using a visual analogue scale, and complication rates were evaluated.Results: The LT and CDT groups consisted of 108 and 92 individuals, respectively. In the LT group, there was no measurable intraoperative bleeding, whereas mean bleeding for CKT group was 125 mL. The mean operative time was 15 ± 1.43 minutes for the LT group and 21 ± 1.09 minutes for the CKT group (P < .001). The overall mean pain score for the LT group was 3.63, whereas for the CKT group it was 5.09 (P < .001). Primary hemorrhage occurred in one subject of the CKT group. Secondary postoperative hemorrhage was noticed two subjects of the LT group and two subjects of the CKT group. In 21 subjects of the LT group, limited peritonsillar edema was noticed. No other complication occurred in both groups.Conclusion: LT procedure provides sufficient hemostasis, lower postoperative pain, and reduced operative time, as well as safety against Creutzfeld Jakob disease transmission.
Lymph Node Metastases from Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Moore Brian A. , Weber Randal S. , Prieto Victor , El‐Naggar Adel , Holsinger F Christopher , Zhou Xian , Lee J Jack , Lippman Scott , Clayman Gary L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) has been reported to metastasize to parotid and cervical lymph nodes. Few prospective investigations of associated clinical and histopathologic findings and their effect on patient outcomes exist. We seek to identify risk factors for nodal metastases in CSCC and determine the impact of lymphatic spread on survival and recurrence.Study Design: Subset analysis of a prospective, longitudinal database of patients with CSCC at a comprehensive cancer center.Methods: Eligible patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer were consecutively enrolled in a prospective database from July 1996 through June 2001; this cohort was then followed to the key endpoints of recurrence and mortality.Results: Two hundred ten patients were enrolled, and 193 patients with CSCC of the head and neck are included in this analysis. The incidence of nodal metastases in this population was 20.7% at study entry. Median follow‐up was 20 months in patients with lymph node metastases and 24 months in patients without metastases. Nodal metastases were significantly associated with recurrent lesions (P = .002) and the following histopathologic features: lymphovascular invasion (P < .0001), inflammation (P = .010), poorly differentiated histology (P = .001), invasion into the subcutaneous tissues (P = .0001), perineural invasion (P = .005), and larger size (P = .0007). Metastases to the cervical nodes were not clinically apparent in 42% of patients with parotid metastases. Combination surgery and radiation therapy resulted in regional control rates of 95%, although local recurrence and distant metastases, along with second primary tumors, were the most frequent recurrent events. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis demonstrates a decrease in overall survival (P = .005), disease‐free survival (P = .015), disease‐specific survival (P = 0002), and time to recurrence (P = .012) in patients with nodal metastases compared with controls.Conclusions: Lymph node metastases from CSCC are common in our population and are associated with diminished survival. The presence of nodal spread occurs with other adverse histopathologic findings, and we recommend surgery and postoperative radiation therapy to control regional disease in the presence of nodal metastases and perineural invasion. New approaches in early identification of nodal metastases, treatment, and prevention of local recurrences and second primary malignancies are warranted.