bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of oil palm empty fruit bunch during cultivation of Volvariella volvacea
Authors: Mariadass Marian , Md Shaarani Shalyda , Ab Rahman Roshanida , Veeramalai Sangeetha , Wan Azelee Nur Izyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiodegradation of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) by straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) was investigated. The present research mainly focused on the effects of effective microorganism (EM) treatment (M) and composting duration of OPEFB (C) on straw mushroom production. Two main stages were involved in this research. The first stage was emphasized on the V. volvacea culture process while the second stage was to evaluate the chemical properties of the OPEFB. Zero percent EM solution increased the OPEFB decomposition rate significantly for cellulose and slightly for hemicellulose. The EM solution of 20% increased the OPEFB decomposition rate significantly for hemicellulose after 5 days of composting. In contrast, 10% EM solution increased the OPEFB decomposition rate significantly for cellulose and lignin that were composted for 5 days and for hemicellulose that were composted for 10 and 15 days. The introduction of different EM solutions and varied composting days significantly affected the final compositions of the lignocellulose degraded by the V. volvacea. Most of the lignocellulose composition had positive correlation which depend on the nature of lignocellulose substrates. The final composition of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose in the spent OPEFB on average were 44.17 ± 0.04%, 22.66 ± 0.03%, and 11.39 ± 0.04%. Conversely, the raw OPEFB composition were 53.62% + 0.06%, 32.68% + 0.03%, and 15.23% + 0.19%. Based on the reduced percentage of the lignocelluloses, V. volvacea cultivation on OPEFB proved to be a good alternative in degrading biowastes.
Improvement of the flame retardance of epoxy resin composites reinforced with cyclodextrin phosphate melamine salt
Authors: Zhi Maoyong , Zhao Yinlong , Yang Xiong , Gao Shansong , Su Bingjian , Liu Quanyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpoxy resin is widely applied in civil aircraft, automobile and electronics products because of its good processing, adhesion, and mechanical properties, but its application is limited due to its easy combustion. Therefore, it is worthwhile to carry out flame‐retardant treatment for epoxy resin. In this study, a new bio‐based three‐source integrated intumescent flame‐retardant cyclodextrin phosphate melamine salt (CDPM) was synthesized from β‐cyclodextrin, phosphoric acid, and melamine, and it was employed as an additive flame retardant to fabricate CDPM/epoxy resin (CDPM/EP) composites. Thermogravimetric analysis results manifested that CDPM slightly improved the thermal stability of CDPM/EP composites. The CDPM/EP composite containing 10 wt.% CDPM acquired a limiting oxygen index of 32.9% and passed UL94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production, were respectively decreased by 46.4%, 55.5%, and 61.8% in contrast with neat epoxy resin. These results demonstrated that CDPM/EP could exert excellent flame retardance and smoke suppression performance. Scanning electron microscope and Raman results confirmed that CDPM facilitated the formation of residual char. Moreover, thermogravimetric/infrared results showed that CDPM/EP produced plenty of phosphorus‐containing free radicals and nonflammable NH3 during pyrolysis process, which played a good flame retardance effect in gas phase. This study provides a new approach for the design and development of low‐cost intumescent bio‐based flame retardant for epoxy resin.Highlights
Novel three‐source intumescent bio‐based flame‐retardant CDPM was successfully synthesized.
CDPM was incorporated into epoxy resin as an additive flame retardant.
Only 10 wt.% CDPM provided 55.5% and 61.8% reductions of total heat release and total smoke production, respectively.
CDPM/EP composites exhibited an excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties.
The outstanding promoting carbonization effect of CDPM in condensed phase contributes to reduce the release of heat and smoke.
Tax Policy to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Braunerhjelm Pontus , Henrekson Magnus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTaxation, undeniably one of the most influential tools at a policymaker’s disposal, plays a pivotal role in stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship. As such, we dedicate here a separate chapter to tax policy and the effects it can have. The tax structure influences not only the overall volume of innovative entrepreneurship, but also the channels through which it wields its impact. Tax rules and tax rates determine the extent to which net return differs from gross return for potential entrepreneurs and other actors in the collaborative innovation ecosystem.
Changing Cycling Practices and Covid Cycle Lanes in Five French Cities
Authors: Ortar Nathalie , Chapelon Laurent , Depeau Sandrine , Feildel Benoît , Lammoglia Adrien , Poisson Adrien , Sayagh David , Barbé Léa , Hentgen-Izaguirre Andoni 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo encourage a modal shift toward cycling during and after the 2020 lockdown the French national government introduced a €120 million budget set of financial incentives, the “coup de pouce vélo.” Meanwhile, inspired by tactical urbanism, city authorities created cycle lanes and tracks, called “coronapistes” (Covid cycle lanes), on a permanent or pop-up basis. This response to the pandemic was driven by a unique set of spatial, social, and political configurations. In this chapter, we analyze the way in which both experienced and novice cyclists made use of the temporary facilities that were introduced in the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in four cities—Grenoble, Lyon, Montpellier, and Rennes—and contrast this with the case of Saint-Étienne, where the Covid cycle lanes were removed at the end of the spring 2020 lockdown. The chapter aims to observe the effects of public policies on cycling practices and the social representations associated with them, in particular on changes in use in contexts characterized by different relationships to cycling. To capture the ways in which the Covid cycle lanes have been received and used, we employed ride-along interviews, an in situ and qualitative mobile method.
‘School Streets’ and the Adaptation of London’s State-Led Tactical Urbanism During Covid-19
Authors: Thomas Asa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, London rapidly expanded its scheme of temporary School Streets closures. This represented an acceleration of pre-existing tendencies in the city towards using the methods of ‘Tactical Urbanism.’ Through a document review and a series of interviews with practitioners, this case study explores the varied ways in which different levels of government acted ‘tactically’ in the implementation London’s Covid-19 School Streets. It also considers the way this example of a state-led scheme intersects with debates around the concept of Tactical Urbanism and its increasing adoption by local and municipal governments.
Habitual carbohydrate intake is not correlated with circulating β-hydroxybutyrate levels in pregnant women with overweight and obesity at 28 weeks' gestation
Authors: Tanner Helen L. , Ng Hui Ting , Murphy Grace , Barrett Helen L. , Callaway Leonie K. , McIntyre H. David , Nitert Marloes Dekker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Pregnant women are advised to consume a minimum of 175 g per day of carbohydrate to meet maternal and fetal brain glucose requirements. This recommendation comes from a theoretical calculation of carbohydrate requirements in pregnancy, rather than from clinical data. This study aimed to determine whether fasting maternal ketone levels are associated with habitual carbohydrate intake in a subset of participants of the Study of PRobiotics IN Gestational diabetes (SPRING) randomised controlled trial.

Methods
Food frequency questionnaires on dietary intake during pregnancy were completed by pregnant women with overweight or obesity at 28 weeks’ gestation (considering their intake from the beginning of pregnancy). Dietary intake from early pregnancy through to 28 weeks was analysed for macronutrient intake. At the same time, overnight fasting serum samples were obtained and analysed for metabolic parameters including serum β-hydroxybutyrate, OGTTs, insulin and C-peptide.

Results
Fasting serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels amongst 108 women (mean BMI 34.7 ± 6.3 kg/m2) ranged from 22.2 to 296.5 μmol/l. Median fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were not different between women with high (median [IQR] 68.4 [49.1–109.2 μmol/l]) and low (65.4 [43.6–138.0 μmol/l]) carbohydrate intake in pregnancy. Fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were not correlated with habitual carbohydrate intake (median 155 [126–189] g/day). The only metabolic parameter with which fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were correlated was 1 h venous plasma glucose (ρ=0.23, p=0.03) during a 75 g OGTT.

Conclusions/interpretation
Fasting serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels are not associated with habitual carbohydrate intake at 28 weeks’ gestation in pregnant women with overweight and obesity.

Graphical Abstract
Child-related risk factors and injuries in cases of physical child abuse
Authors: Walz Cleo , Kullmer Ulrike , Lecht Johannes , Riepert Thomas , Germerott Tanja 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
When evaluating child welfare risk, recognition of abuse-related injuries and knowledge of risk factors for child abuse are important aspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate child-related risk factors and particularities of injuries in cases of physical child abuse, to use the results for preventive child protection.

Methods
This retrospective case control study evaluated case files of 368 physically abused children (age range 0–14 years) referred to forensic medicine in 2004–2015. Death cases and cases that could not be separated from sexual abuse and neglect were excluded and 363 controls without suspicion of abuse were recruited from a pediatric clinic. Demographic data, state of care and previous illnesses were compared in both groups by determining χ2-test and Fisher’s exact test. Concerning injuries, specified mechanism of origin, type of violence, localization on the body and frequency of life-threatening and repeated abuse were evaluated.

Results
Male gender and age group of infants/toddlers were identified as significant child-related risk factors. In over 90%, injuries resulted from blunt trauma, with the skin (86%) and skeletal system (22%) most commonly involved. Injuries were located in almost 60% on obvious parts of the body. Reported causes for trauma were mostly accident mechanisms. Repeated abuse was found in over half and life-threatening injuries in nearly 20% of the cases.

Conclusion
As part of the daily work pediatricians and other child protection workers are able to identify suspected cases early. Therefore, good understanding of typical risk factors and injuries including plausibility check of the reported origin are important aspects. Periodic reassessment of child well-being and mandatory visit to pediatricians could avoid repeated and severe child maltreatment with life-threatening consequences.
The P38MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathway is involved in PND in mice
Authors: Zhu Mengjiao , Long Si , Tao Yizhi , Zhang Zhifa , Zhou Zhiqiang , Wang Xueren , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the hippocampus contributes to the development of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). P38MAPK, a point of convergence for different signaling processes involved in inflammation, can be activated by various stresses. This study aims to investigate the role of the P38MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathway in the development of PND in mice. Aged C57BL/6 mice were subjected to tibial fracture surgery under isoflurane anesthesia to establish a PND animal model. The open field test was used to evaluate the locomotor activity of the mice. Neurocognitive function was assessed with the Morris water maze (MWM) and fear conditioning test (FCT) on postoperative days 1, 3 and 7. The mice exhibited cognitive impairment accompanied by increased expression of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α), proapoptotic molecules (caspase-3, bax) and microglial activation in the hippocampus 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. Treatment with SB239063 (a P38MAPK inhibitor) decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors, proapoptotic molecules and Iba-1 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The number of surviving neurons was significantly increased. Inhibition of the P38MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathway attenuates hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in aged mice with PND, thus improving the perioperative cognitive function of the mice.
Transvenous Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for an Aldosterone-Producing Tumor of the Left Adrenal Gland: A First in Human Case Report
Authors: Oguro Sota , Ota Hideki , Yanagaki Satoru , Kawabata Masahiro , Kamada Hiroki , Omata Kei , Tezuka Yuta , Ono Yoshikiyo , Morimoto Ryo , Satoh Fumitoshi , Toyama Hiroaki , Tanimoto Kouta , Konno Daisuke , Yamauchi Masanori , Niwa Yuki , Miyamoto Hisao , Mori Kenji , Tanaka Tetsuhiro , Ishihata Hiroshi , Takase Kei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To describe a novel technique of transvenous radiofrequency catheter ablation of an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) of the left adrenal gland using the GOS System (Japan Lifeline, Tokyo, Japan). Using the GOS system, a flexible radiofrequency tip catheter can be inserted into the adrenal central and tributary veins, the drainers for functional tumors.

Materials and methods
An APA at the left adrenal gland, which was diagnosed by segmental adrenal venous sampling following administration of 0.25 mg cosyntropin, was ablated using the GOS catheter inserted into adrenal tributary veins via a right femoral vein 7-Fr sheath. The effect of radiofrequency ablation on APA was assessed using the international consensus on surgical outcomes for unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA).

Results
No device-related complications were observed. The patient was deeply sedated under blood pressure and heart rate control with continuous administration of β-blockers. Then, the tumor and surrounding adrenal gland were cauterized at 7000 J two times each in sequence. The output time was 7−11 min for each ablation and 80 min in total. For blood pressure and pulse rate control, esmolol hydrochloride and phentolamine mesylate were used. The contrast enhancement of APA disappeared on dynamic CT immediately after the procedure. PA was biochemically cured until 12 months after the procedure.

Conclusion
Using the radiofrequency device with the GOS catheter and system is a method for cauterizing adrenal tumors from blood vessels. This approach resulted in a marked reduction in aldosterone concentrations and a complete biochemical cure of PA over the observation period.

Graphical Abstract
Epidemiology and molecular typing of multidrug-resistant bacteria in tertiary hospitals and nursing homes in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: van Kleef-van Koeveringe Stefanie , Matheeussen Veerle , Schuermans Annette , De Koster Sien , Perales Selva Natascha , Jansens Hilde , De Coninck Dieter , De Bruyne Katrien , Mensaert Klaas , Kluytmans-van den Bergh Marjolein , Kluytmans Jan , Goossens Herman , Dhaeze Wouter , Leroux-Roels Isabel ,   on behalf of the i-4-1-Health Study Group
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to map MDRO carriage and potential transmission within and between three Flemish tertiary care hospitals and their neighbouring nursing homes. A cross-sectional MDRO prevalence survey was organized between October 2017 and February 2019. Perianal swabs were cultured for detection of MDRO. Determination of clonal relatedness based on wgMLST allelic profiles was performed. The prevalence of MDRO in Belgian hospitals and NHs is on the rise, compared to previous studies, and transmission in and between institutions is observed. These results re-emphasize the need for a healthcare network-wide infection prevention strategy in which WGS of MDRO strains can be supportive.
Inhibitory effect of trans-tiliroside on very low-density lipoprotein secretion in HepG2 cells and mouse liver
Authors: Nagatomo Akifumi , Kohno Mamiko , Kawakami Hirosato , Manse Yoshiaki , Morikawa Toshio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn acylated flavonol glycoside, trans-tiliroside (1), is found in certain parts of different herbs, including the seeds of Rosa canina (Rosaceae). Previous studies on compound 1 have focused on triglyceride (TG) metabolism, including its anti-obesity and intracellular TG reduction effects. In the present study, the effects of compound 1 on cholesterol (CHO) metabolism were investigated using human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived HepG2 cells and mice. Compound 1 decreased CHO secretion in HepG2 cells, which was enhanced by mevalonate in a concentration-dependent manner and decreased the secretion of apoprotein B (apoB)-100, a marker of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Compound 1 also inhibited the activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer proteins, which mediate VLDL formation from cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver. In vivo, compound 1 inhibited the accumulation of Triton WR-1339-induced TG in the blood of fasted mice and maintained low levels of apoB-100. These results suggest that compound 1 inhibits the secretion of CHO as VLDL from the liver and has the potential for use for the prevention of dyslipidemia.
Graphical abstract
Differences in the Social Motivations and Emotions of Humans and Other Great Apes
Authors: Tomasello Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHumans share with other mammals and primates many social motivations and emotions, but they are also much more cooperative than even their closest primate relatives. Here I review recent comparative experiments and analyses that illustrate humans’ species-typical social motivations and emotions for cooperation in comparison with those of other great apes. These may be classified most generally as (i) ‘you > me’ (e.g., prosocial sympathy, informative and pedagogical motives in communication); (ii) ‘you = me’ (e.g., feelings of mutual respect, fairness, resentment); (iii) ‘we > me’ (e.g., feelings of obligation and guilt); and (iv) ‘WE (in the group) > me’ (e.g., in-group loyalty and conformity to norms, shame, and many in-group biases). The existence of these species-typical and species-universal motivations and emotions provides compelling evidence for the importance of cooperative activities in the human species.
Hepatitis C virus may accelerate breast cancer progression by increasing mutant p53 and c-Myc oncoproteins circulating levels
Authors: Fathy Amira , Abdelrazek Mohamed A. , Attallah Abdelfattah M. , Abouzid Amr , El-Far Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was reported to relate to polymorphous and frequent extrahepatic manifestation. Despite the limited studies, HCV viral oncoproteins may be implicated in breast cancer (BC) tumor aggressiveness. In a trial to elucidate a mechanistic link, this study aimed to investigate a mutant p53 and c-Myc oncoprotein expression levels in BC patients with and without HCV infection.

Methods
A total of 215 BC patients (119 infected and 96 non-infected with HCV) were collected. ELISA was used for detection of anti-HCV antibodies, mutant p53, c-Myc, HCV-NS4, CEA, CA 125, and CA-15.3.

Results
HCV infection was related to BC late stages, lymph-node invasion, distant metastasis, high grades, and large size. HCV-infected patients had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher WBCs, ALT and AST activity, bilirubin CEA, CA125 and CA15.3 levels, and reduced hemoglobin, albumin, and RBCs count. Regardless of tumor severity, HCV infection was associated with significant elevated levels of mutant p53 (22.5 ± 3.5 µg/mL; 1.9-fold increase) and c-Myc (21.4 ± 1.8 µg/mL; 1.5-fold increase). Among HCV-infected patients, elevated levels of p53 and c-Myc were significantly correlated with elevated tumor markers (CEA, CA 125, and CA15.3) and HCV-NS4 levels.

Conclusions
This study concluded that HCV infection may be accompanied with BC severity behavior and this may be owing to elevated expression of mutant p53 and c-Myc oncoproteins.
Geriatric nutritional risk index as a prognostic marker of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective multi-center study
Authors: Watari Shogo , Katayama Satoshi , Shiraishi Hiromasa , Tokunaga Moto , Kubota Risa , Kusumi Norihiro , Ichikawa Takaharu , Tsushima Tomoyasu , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Bekku Kensuke , Araki Motoo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in predicting the efficacy of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy for metastatic or unresectable renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and associated patient prognosis.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted using data from 19 institutions. The GNRI was calculated using body mass index and serum albumin level, and patients were classified into two groups using the GNRI values, with 98 set as the cutoff point.

Results
In all, 119 patients with clear cell RCC who received first-line drug therapy with ICIs were analyzed. Patients with GNRI ≥ 98 had significantly better overall survival (OS) (p = 0.008) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p = 0.001) rates than those with GNRI < 98; however, progression-free survival (PFS) did not differ significantly. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis showed that low GNRI scores were significantly associated with poor OS (p = 0.004) and CSS (p = 0.015). Multivariate analysis showed that the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score was a better predictor of prognosis (OS; HR 5.17, p < 0.001, CSS; HR 4.82, p = 0.003) than GNRI (OS; HR 0.36, p = 0.066, CSS; HR 0.35, p = 0.072). In a subgroup analysis of patients with a good KPS and GNRI ≥ 98 vs < 98, the 2-year OS rates were 91.4% vs 66.9% (p = 0.068), 2-year CSS rates were 91.4% vs 70.1% (p = 0.073), and PFS rates were 39.7% vs 21.4 (p = 0.27), respectively.

Conclusion
The prognostic efficiency of GNRI was inferior to that of the KPS score at the initiation of the first-line ICI combination therapy for clear cell RCC.
Overcoming Religious and Racioreligious Othering in Preschools: Transforming Educational Policies for More Social Just Pedagogies
Authors: Thoma Nadja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe article addresses religious and racioreligious othering in preschools in South Tyrol, an autonomous province in Northern Italy with a predominantly catholic population in which migration is still discussed as a rather ‘new’ phenomenon. Theoretically, the article draws on education policy research and on migration pedagogy as a way to understand how religion-related policy recommendations are connected to social hierarchisations and how they are enacted in educational practice. Empirically, the article is based on ethnographic research in South Tyrolean preschools. During the fieldwork in three preschools, religion proved to be a relevant category of othering and hierarchisation. With an analysis of a policy paper, fieldnotes and transcribed audio recordings, the article aims at contributing to an understanding on how teachers, despite their good intentions, contribute to religious and racioreligious othering and how children as active agents centre their friendships and resist religion-based hierarchisations. The article ends with suggestions on how pedagogical policies and practices can support children and teachers in countering religious and racioreligious othering.