bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Novel Virtual Flange Joint Assembly Simulator
Authors: de la Roca Leonardo , Meira Igor , Girão Carlos D. , Ruffin Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amid ASME PCC-1’s transition from a guideline to a standard, the need for instructional tools, regarding the newly standardized flange joint assembly techniques, arise. This research evaluates the methods, content, functionality, and efficacy of a flange joint assembly virtual simulator. The training device encompasses software simulating, in real-time, a flange assembly along with torque transducer hardware for user torque input. A total of 3 experts and 3 novices completed an exercise on the simulator, as well as in an actual, instrumented flange test rig. All assemblers completed two repetitions of the following tasks: (1) Tightening the assembly according to their methods, i.e., how they would perform the operation on the field, (2) tightening according to the techniques found in the ASME PCC-1 sections 10 and 11. The first repetition was done with common wrenches, whereas the second was performed with a torque wrench. The workload imposed by the simulator was assessed using a NASA Task Load Index questionnaire (TLX). The simulator content validity is assessed through the participant’s experience and by comparing the test rig’s flange assembly parameters, such as bolt stresses, with their virtual counterpart. The virtual device will lead flange assemblers to repeatedly practice the proper procedures and methods before performing on-site assemblies, without the need for expensive practice rigs.
A Method for Evaluation of Creep-Fatigue Life at Low Strain Ranges
Authors: Hou Peijun , Wang Yanli , Sham Ting-Leung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Creep-fatigue (CF) interaction at elevated temperature is the most damaging structural failure mode for materials under cyclic loads. In the last 40 years, significant efforts have been devoted to elevated temperature code rule development in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart B) to ascertain conservative structural designs against CF failure. However, the current CF evaluation procedure is complex and overly conservative. Recently, an alternative CF evaluation method, Simplified Model Test (SMT) based design methodology, is being developed with the purpose of simplifying and improving the CF evaluation process. The concept of this approach is to perform CF evaluation using a set of design curves developed directly from experimental CF data and avoid the separate evaluation of creep and fatigue damage.
Experimental CF failure data are the key in finalizing the SMT-based design curves. In assessing available data sources, major data gap was found at low strain ranges of below 0.3% and/or at hold times of longer than one hour. The lack of data under these conditions is due to many practical constraints such as the unrealistically long test duration and difficulties in controlling experimental parameters. In this study, an experimental method is proposed based on the concept of damage summation to generate CF failure life information at low strain ranges and long hold times. The CF test was designed for Alloy 617 at 950°C with elastic follow-up effect to slow down the stress relaxation process during the hold time. The test specimen was cycled at higher strain ranges to accumulate enough CF damage, followed by cycling at lower strain ranges and longer hold times, to allow for a reasonable test time to generate failure data. Results from the CF test are presented, and information generated through this method in verifying the SMT-based design curves is evaluated.
Local Post Weld Heat Treatment of a Pressure Vessel: A Postmortem Evaluation
Authors: Yuen Simon , McKay A. Boyd , McArthur Daniel , Kwok Henry , Fernando John , Wong Leanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study is a postmortem evaluation of a process tower that suffered significant distortion after a local post weld heat treatment (PWHT). After installation of new nozzles near the base of the pressure vessel, heat treatment was performed to alleviate welding residual stresses in-situ, using a bulls-eye heating coil configuration. Currently, there are established industry guidelines on the placement of heating coils and insulation, but no standard analytical technique or engineering protocol or acceptance criteria that to assess a PWHT. As such, in addition to the postmortem analysis of the excessive deformation, several analytical techniques are also tested in the current study using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to determine which method best predicts the deformation experienced by the pressure vessel in question. In these case studies, the analytical techniques include lower-bound estimate of collapse loads, buckling evaluation using linear elastic material properties, and an elastic check using a criterion provided in WRC 452. Creep elongation prediction during the short-term post weld heat treatment and buckling evaluation methods recommended by API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 are also included. The paper summarizes the findings based on the aforementioned methods, and an additional suggestion is provided related to the potential optimization of PWHT design/execution.
NeT Project Task Group 8 – An International Benchmark on Residual Stress Assessment for Welding Repair With Dissimilar Materials – First Phase Results
Authors: Robin V. , Draup J. , Smith M. C. , Vasileiou A. , Akrivos V. , Wimpory R. C. , Depradeux L. , Brosse A. , Gallitelli D. , Hosseinzadeh F. , Truman C. E. , Pascal S. , Hendili S. , Delmas J. , Ohms C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within the NeT project [1], Task Group 8 examines a steel plate (French grade 18MND5 close to ASTM A508 Gr.3) containing a five pass “slot” weld made with Ni base alloy (Alloy 52) consumables. NeT TG8 has been organized to address welding repair issues. The TG8 round robin specimen is closely based upon the TG4 design [2], except for the plate thickness that is increased up to 30 mm for more thermal inertia, self-clamping conditions and to reduce distortions that may affect the accurate definition of residual measurement position. It thus presents all the advantages and challenges of the TG4 specimens, namely, the generation of a complex 3D residual stress distribution in a compact, portable specimen that is amenable to rapid measurement of residual stresses by diverse techniques, with a significant volume of weld metal that undergoes multiple high temperature thermo-mechanical load cycles. The use of a nickel-based alloy as filler metal adds considerable residual stress measurement challenges, while this configuration undergoes a complex mismatch behaviour with the base metal where phase transformations and tempering effects occur in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ).
The residual stress measurement and simulation round robins for TG8 are ongoing. What is presented here is therefore the first phase results of the behaviour of the TG8 specimens. Finite element simulation results are compared with residual stresses determined experimentally thanks to different techniques. The agreement between stresses measured by the Contour Method and by neutron diffraction is generally very good, simulation exhibits complex behaviour that help to interpreted some of the measurements and the lessons learned will allow to conduct a second phase benchmark with possible improvement in residual stresses assessments and in-depth analyses for a better understanding of such a dissimilar weldment.
Estimation Scheme for Weld Residual Stress Effect on Crack Opening Displacements
Authors: Brust Frederick W. , Punch Edward , Twombly Elizabeth , Wallace Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Leak before break (LBB) in nuclear piping systems requires determination of leak rate which critically depends on crack opening displacement (COD). Procedures have been developed for accurately estimating the COD resulting from service loads in pipes. However, cracks in nuclear piping and nozzles often occur in and near welds, and the weld residual stresses (WRS) can strongly affect the COD values. Although WRS-influenced COD changes can in some cases close and stop leakage, thus hinder leak detection, the effects have been typically neglected because they could only be evaluated on a case-by-case basis using finite element calculations.
This paper presents a simple estimation scheme that was developed along the lines of classical COD estimation schemes that use influence functions developed from finite element solutions. This estimation scheme has been validated for different WRS fields, a wide range of pipe sizes and for a wide range of crack sizes. The estimation scheme, its development and use, and the validation results are presented here.
Defect Interactions and Effects on Fatigue Behaviors of Additively Manufactured Parts
Authors: Wu Shengjia , Cheng Jiyuan , Dong Pingsha , Zhang Yuning , Zhang Lunyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM) metallic components are known to contain distributed geometric discontinuities both internally and at surface. Their effects on fatigue behaviors of AM parts or components need to be better understood for developing cost-effective AM process qualification and part performance certification procedures for safety-critical applications. In this investigation, we adopt a rapid fracture mechanic modeling technique for evaluating the interactions of multiple crack-like defects and their effects on fatigue behaviors of unnotched and notched AM test specimens. The parametric study is performed by varying the spacing between defects and the orientations of the defects with respect to the loading direction as well as their proximity to an artificial notch in test specimen. Then, the interactions of defects are examined and the criterion for treating multiple cracks as a single equivalent crack is presented and compared with existing interaction criteria, e.g., those by ASME XI and BS 7910. Based on the findings of this study, a proposed approach for treating multiple crack-like defects, particularly in highly stressed regions, e.g., near a notch location is presented. Available fatigue test data from unnotched and notched AM specimens have also been analyzed to validate the proposed approach.
Higher affinities of fibers with cell receptors increase the infection capacity and virulence of human adenovirus type 7 and type 55 compared to type 3
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Zhou Zhichao , Fan Ye , Liu Tiantian , Guo Yubing , Li Xiao , Liu Wenkuan , Zhou Liling , Yang Yujie , Mo Chuncong , Chen Yong , Liao Xiaohong , Zhou Rong , Ding Zhenhua , Tian Xingui 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Human adenovirus (HAdV) type 7 and type 55 infections cause more severe pneumonia than type 3 infections. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study provided evidence linking the receptor-binding protein, fiber, to the stronger virulence of HAdV-55 and HAdV-7. Wild-type HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 produced larger plaques and grew more efficiently, resulting in a higher viral yield than HAdV-3. The recombinant knobs of HAdV-55 and HAdV-7 had higher binding affinities with desmoglein 2 (DSG2) than the HAdV-3 knob. Fiber-chimeric rAdV3E-K7 and rAdV3E-K55 were generated by replacing the knob of recombinant HAdV-3 (rAd3E) with knobs from HAdV-7 and HAdV-55, respectively. Full-length fiber-replaced rAd5-F3, rAd5-F7, and rAd5-F55 were generated from replication-defective HAdV-5. The replication and infectivity of these adenoviruses were compared using passage and primary cell and DSG2-humanized mouse models. Both rAdV3E-K7 and rAdV3E-K55 produced larger plaques and adsorbed more efficiently than rAd3E in A549 cells and primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Additionally, rAd5-F7 and rAd5-F55 showed stronger infectivity than rAd5-F3. Finally, rAdV3E-K7 and rAdV3E-K55 infections contributed to slightly more but not significant severe pneumonia than rAd3E in the humanized mouse model. In summary, higher binding affinities of fibers with DSG2 lead to higher infection efficiency of HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 compared to HAdV-3. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of differential pathogenicity between HAdV types. It may have implications for the surveillance of highly pathogenic adenovirus strains and the development of novel adenovirus vectors and vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
HAdV-3, -7, and -55 are the predominant types causing acute respiratory disease outbreaks and can lead to severe and fatal pneumonia in children and adults. In recent years, emerging or re-emerging strains of HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 have caused multiple outbreaks globally in both civilian and military populations, drawing increased attention. Clinical studies have reported that HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 cause more severe pneumonia than HAdV-3. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms explaining the higher severity of HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 infection compared to HAdV-3 infection. Our findings provided evidence linking the receptor-binding protein fiber to stronger infectivity of the strains mentioned above by comparing several fiber-chimeric or fiber-replaced adenoviruses. Our study improves our understanding of adenovirus infection and highlights potential implications, including in novel vector and vaccine development.
Establishment of cell culture model and humanized mouse model of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Tian Renyun , Yang Di , Xu Biaoming , Deng Rilin , Xue Binbin , Wang Luoling , Li Huiyi , Liu Qian , Wang Xiaohong , Tang Songqing , Wan Mengyu , Pei Hua , Zhu Haizhen 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The absence of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection system has constrained the study of the viral life cycle and the development of antiviral drugs. We previously established a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HLCZ01, that can support the entire life cycle of HBV. To further optimize the model, we compared the kinetic process of HBV infection in HLCZ01 and HepG2-NTCP cells and found that HLCZ01 cells were more conducive to mimic the long-term stable infection of HBV in the natural state. By comparing the composition of the progeny virus and the differences in gene expression profiles between these two types of cells, we were able to explore the factors affecting the efficiency of virus infection. We built an experimental platform for human liver chimeric mice and established a standard surgical procedure. By transplanting HBV-infected HLCZ01 cells into mouse liver, which can be used instead of primary human hepatocytes to establish chimeric mice, this animal model can continuously produce viral particles. The establishment of these two models will facilitate the exploration of the mechanism of persistent HBV infection, the understanding of host‒virus interactions, and the determination of new targets for chronic hepatitis B therapy.

IMPORTANCE
Approximately 257 million people worldwide have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and HBV infection can cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. The lack of suitable and effective infection models has greatly limited research in HBV-related fields for a long time, and it is still not possible to discover a method to completely and effectively remove the HBV genome. We have constructed a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HLCZ01, that can support the complete life cycle of HBV. This model can mimic the long-term stable infection of HBV in the natural state and can replace primary human hepatocytes for the development of human liver chimeric mice. This model will be a powerful tool for research in the field of HBV.
Comprehensive, comparative evaluation of 25 automated SARS-CoV-2 serology assays
Authors: Dimech Wayne , Curley Shannon , Cai Jing Jing 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in hundreds of
in vitro
devices coming to market, facilitated by regulatory authorities allowing “Emergency Use,” without a prior comprehensive evaluation of performance. The World Health Organization released Target Product Profiles specifying acceptable performance characteristics for SARS-CoV-2 devices. We evaluated 16 automated serology test kits that detect IgG or Total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, along with a further nine tests that detect IgM-specific antibodies. All IgG or Total antibody tests reported a concordance with recent infection at 83.9% or greater, with 11/16 tests having greater than 90% sensitivity. All 16 tests reported greater than 96.3% specificity. There was a low level of false reactivity when testing all 25 tests on panels of samples containing potentially cross-reacting or interfering substances. A range of results were reported when testing seroconversion and dilution panels. The study further demonstrates that a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of test kits assessed against defined specifications is essential for the selection of test kits, especially in a pandemic setting.

IMPORTANCE
We have previously highlighted the fact that hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 serology tests were released months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the hundreds of studies investigating the test kits’ performance, few were comparative reports, using the same comprehensive sample set across multiple tests. Recently, we reported a comparative assessment of 35 rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) or microtiter plate enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for use in low- and middle-income countries, using a large sample set from individuals with a history of COVID-19. Only a few tests meet WHO Target Product Profile performance requirements. This study reports on the performance of a further 25 automated SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays using the same panel of samples. The results highlight the better analytical and clinical performance of automated serology test kits compared with RDTs, and the importance of independent comparative assessments to inform the use and procurement of these tests for both diagnostic and epidemiological investigations.
Knowledge, attitude and practices towards SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations and emerging variants among the population in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Iftekhar , Ether Sadia Afruz , Saha Poushali , Jahan Nishat , Rahman Fahad Imtiaz , Islam Md Rabiul 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThe coronavirus is continuously mutating and creating new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Public awareness about SARS-CoV-2 mutation is essential for effective preventive measures. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards SARS-CoV-2 variants among the general population in Bangladesh.DesignWe conducted this online survey between 9 April 2021 and 10 May 2021 using structured questionnaires to collect the information.SettingWe distributed the survey link among the participants from all 64 districts of Bangladesh using social media platforms.ParticipantsA total of 1,090 respondents completed this survey. After careful evaluation, we excluded 18 responses due to partial or incomplete information, and 1,072 responses entered into the final analysis.Primary outcomeThe KAP of participants towards SARS-CoV-2 variants depends on their demographic backgrounds. Associations between demographic characteristics and the likelihood of having adequate KAP were estimated using adjusted logistic regressions.ResultsAmong the participants, 42% had a poor knowledge level, 4% had a low attitude level and 14% had a poor practice score. The average knowledge, attitude and practice score were 2.65, 4.194 and 4.464 on a scale of 5, respectively. Only 51.8% of the participants knew about mutant strains, and only 47.6% knew about the effectiveness of vaccines against new variants. The key factors associated with poor knowledge levels were educational levels, area of residence, geographic location, and concern regarding COVID-19. Sociodemographic factors for poor attitude levels were geographic location, vaccination and concern regarding COVID-19. The pivotal factors in determining poor practice scores were the residence area of people and concern regarding COVID-19.ConclusionsThe knowledge level and positive attitude are associated with better preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Based on these findings, we recommended several awareness programmes on SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants for the rural population in Bangladesh to increase overall awareness levels.
Depression and glycaemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in a comprehensive specialised hospital, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
Authors: Ali Seid Yimam , Seid Ahmed Muhye , Hassen Kalkidan , Abebe Samuel Taddese , Banjaw Zelalem , Ibrahim Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression and its sociodemographic predictors, clinical predictors and glycaemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes at Sheik Hassan Yabare Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (SHYCSH), Jigjiga, Ethiopia.DesignA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at Sheik Hassan Yabare Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, for chronic follow-up from 3 October 2022 to 13 November 2022.ParticipantsRandomly selected 278 patients with T2DM age 18 years and older, with a duration of 1 year or more since diagnosis, who had a diabetic follow-up at SHYCSH.Main outcome measuresDepression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire.ResultsA total of 263 participants were included, with a response rate of 94.6%. Of the respondents, 134 (51%) were male, making up more than half of the total. The overall prevalence of depression was 47.1% (95% CI 41.1 to 53.2). Depression was further classified, as follows, based on its severity: the majority (66 or 25.1%) had mild depression, followed by 44 (16.7%) with moderate depression, 9 (3.4%) with moderately severe depression and 5 (1.9%) with severe depression. A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that poor glycaemic control (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.93; 95% CI 1.05 to 3.53), DM complications (AOR=2.02; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.74) and DM duration of 6–10 years since diagnosis (AOR=2.29; 95% CI 1.21 to 4.34) were independently associated with depression.ConclusionsOur study revealed a significant burden of depression among patients with T2DM receiving follow-up care at the hospital. Glycaemic control, the presence of complications and a longer duration of diabetes were identified as predictors of depression. Therefore, concerned stakeholders should work to improve blood sugar control and promote healthy behaviour, particularly among those with complications or who have been sick for an extended period of time.