bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combating Conflicting Messages of Values: A Closer Look at Parental Strategies
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Thompson Ross A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study examined how parents respond when their children encounter values outside the home that conflict with family values. Forty‐eight middle‐class European American parents completed questionnaires consisting of 11 vignettes asking how they would respond to hypothetical situations where outside sources posed potential conflicts with parental values to their adolescent child (M age of child=13.33 years). We identified five strategies that parents might use: controlled cocooning, reasoned cocooning, compromise, pre‐arming, and deference. Parents in the study enlisted all five strategies, with reasoned cocooning and pre‐arming occurring most frequently. The self‐reported importance of values to parents was the most important predictor of which strategy parents used, with parents using more controlling strategies to defend values that were most important to them. Importance of values also mediated the relation between religion and the parent's self‐reported desire for the child's compliance on personal issues, and parental strategy choice. This study is among the first to examine alternative parental strategies for regulating children's values acquisition outside the home, and shows that the extent of parental control is related to the importance of specific values to the parent.
Four‐month‐olds Make Triangular Bids to Father and Mother During Trilogue Play with Still‐face
Authors: Fivaz‐Depeursinge E. , Favez N. , Lavanchy S. , De Noni S. , Frascarolo F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA new observational procedure, Trilogue Play with Still‐face, revealed 4‐month‐olds’ capacities to address both their fathers and mothers, by rapidly shifting gaze and affect between them. Infants were observed in four interactive contexts: (1) ‘3‐together’ play with both parents; (2) ‘2 + 1’ play with one parent engaging and the other as third party; (3) the same, with one parent posing a still‐face; (4) ‘3‐together’ play. Infants were able to discriminate between the four contexts. They coordinated three social poles of attention in each one. Their affect configurations were context sensitive. These findings demonstrate the infant's social capacities for triangular, three‐person interactions, in addition to dyadic, two‐person, and triadic, two‐person plus object, ones. They support a view of intersubjectivity as primary and point to a promising field of investigation for the study of family process.
Estimating the economic cost of weeds in Australian annual winter crops
Authors: Jones R. E. , Vere D. T. , Alemseged Y. , Medd R. W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAn analysis of the annual costs of weeds in seven winter crops across Australia demonstrated that the most important 15 weed species cause substantial annual costs in both financial and economic terms. Using survey data captured over the 1998–1999 growing season, the financial cost of these weeds in seven crops was estimated to be AU$1,182 million. The main components of this cost were herbicides (AU$571 million), the competitive effects of residual weeds (AU$380 million), and tillage (AU$206 million) while weed contamination of grain was a minor cost (AU$25 million). Across all regions, the most economically important weeds were annual ryegrass, wild oats, and wild radish, although there were regional differences in importance. An economic surplus analysis determined the annual economic cost of weeds in annual winter crops to be AU$1,279 million. This surplus loss represented 17% of the gross value of Australian grain and oilseed production in 1998–1999. Australian grain producers incurred a major loss, with a reduction in producer surplus of AU$1,047 million. Australian grain consumers had a large consumer surplus loss (AU$229 million), while international consumers suffered a small loss and international grain producers gained a small producer surplus from the higher grain prices.
Land use and income diversification: comparing traditional and colonist populations in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Caviglia‐Harris Jill L. , Sills Erin O. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article compares and analyzes land use and income diversification among two distinct groups of farmers in the Brazilian Amazon: recent colonists in Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondônia, and traditional long‐term residents along the Tapajós River, Pará. We investigate the hypothesis that farmers who diversify their cash income sources clear less forest on an annual basis, and we compare these livelihood choices across colonist and traditional populations. In particular, we develop a conceptual model based on the household production framework and use econometric models to identify determinants of diversification and forest clearing. We find that diversification of agricultural cash crops is negatively correlated with forest clearing by colonists, providing limited evidence for the hypothesis. Other significant covariates of diversification and forest clearing include cash income levels, stage in family life cycle, cattle ownership, and chemical inputs. Differences in these variables, and differences in household response to these variables, explain variation in diversification and forest clearing across the two populations.
Role of HtrA in Growth and Competence of
Streptococcus mutans
UA159
Authors: Ahn Sang-Joon , Lemos José A. C. , Burne Robert A. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

We report here that HtrA plays a role in controlling growth and competence development for genetic transformation in
Streptococcus mutans
. Disruption of the gene for HtrA resulted in slow growth at 37°C, reduced thermal tolerance at 42°C, and altered sucrose-dependent biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces. The
htrA
mutant also displayed a significantly reduced ability to undergo genetic transformation. A direct association between HtrA and genetic competence was demonstrated by the increased expression of the
htrA
gene upon exposure to competence-stimulating peptide. The induction of
htrA
gradually reached a maximum at around 20 min, suggesting that HtrA may be involved in a late competence response. Complementation of the
htrA
mutation in a single copy on the chromosome of the mutant could rescue the defective growth phenotypes but not transformability, apparently because a second gene,
spo0J
, immediately downstream of
htrA
, also affects transformation. The
htrA
and
spo0J
genes were shown to be both individually transcribed and cotranscribed and probably have a functional connection in competence development. HtrA regulation appears to be finely tuned in
S. mutans
, since strains containing multiple copies of
htrA
exhibited abnormal growth phenotypes. Collectively, the results reveal HtrA to be an integral component of the regulatory network connecting cellular growth, stress tolerance, biofilm formation, and competence development and reveal a novel role for the
spo0J
gene in genetic transformation.
LIKELIHOOD RATIO BASED MULTI-ATTRIBUTE CONTROL CHART
Authors: GADRE M. P. , RATTIHALLI R. N. 
Published: April 2005

In a production process, when quality of the product depends on more than one characteristic, 'Multivariate Quality Control' (MQC) techniques are efficiently used. Many MQC techniques have been developed to control the multivariate variable processes, but no much work has been reported to control the multivariate attribute processes. In this article, to detect a change in the vector of fraction non-conforming, we develop 'Likelihood Ratio based Multi-Attribute Control Chart' (LR-MACC) using the exact joint distribution and the LR-test under multinomial setup. It is verified that, in some situations, LR-MACC is superior to the MNP chart proposed by Lu et al.7 When MACC gives a signal, the attributes responsible are not readily identifiable. Therefore, a procedure to detect the responsible attributes is also developed.
MINIMUM REDUNDANCY FEATURE SELECTION FROM MICROARRAY GENE EXPRESSION DATA
Authors: DING CHRIS , PENG HANCHUAN 
Published: April 2005

How to selecting a small subset out of the thousands of genes in microarray data is important for accurate classification of phenotypes. Widely used methods typically rank genes according to their differential expressions among phenotypes and pick the top-ranked genes. We observe that feature sets so obtained have certain redundancy and study methods to minimize it. We propose a minimum redundancy — maximum relevance (MRMR) feature selection framework. Genes selected via MRMR provide a more balanced coverage of the space and capture broader characteristics of phenotypes. They lead to significantly improved class predictions in extensive experiments on 6 gene expression data sets: NCI, Lymphoma, Lung, Child Leukemia, Leukemia, and Colon. Improvements are observed consistently among 4 classification methods: Naïve Bayes, Linear discriminant analysis, Logistic regression, and Support vector machines. Supplimentary: The top 60 MRMR genes for each of the datasets are listed in . More information related to MRMR methods can be found at .
AN OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MINIMAL SETS OF DISCRIMINATING GENE MARKERS: APPLICATION TO CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION IN WHEAT
Authors: GALE KEVIN , JIANG HOUYUAN , WESTCOTT MARK 
Published: April 2005

A potentially large number of molecular markers are available for identifying genotypes in various species. For wheat, cultivar identity is an important determinant for end-use segregation and for payment of end-point royalties and grower premiums. A number of dominant DNA markers, that give either a positive or negative response, have been developed previously for wheat cultivar identification. This paper gives a method for identifying minimal marker sets for a given cultivar group, for example those grown in a specific geographical zone. It is based on an integer linear programming formulation of the problem, and can find all minimal marker sets for the group if required. The paper then describes the production of two software packages, GGDS and GGIP, that incorporate this methodology. Various practical issues are also discussed. These packages enable the rapid selection of minimal marker sets for the efficient discrimination of any sample set where the marker responses of the samples are known. They are already being used by the Australian wheat industry.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Matsumoto Ryo , Omura Takashi , Yoshiyama Minoru , Hayashi Tetsuya , Inamoto Sakiko , Koh Ki-Ryang , Ohta Kensuke , Izumi Yasukatsu , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Akioka Kaname , Kitaura Yasushi , Takeuchi Kazuhide , Yoshikawa Junichi 
Published: April 2005

Objective—Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in inducing angiogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may have potential for differentiation to several types of cells, including myocytes. We hypothesized that transplantation of VEGF-expressing MSCs could effectively treat acute myocardial infarction (MI) by providing enhanced cardioprotection, followed by angiogenic effects in salvaging ischemic myocardium.Methods and Results—The human VEGF165gene was transfected to cultured MSCs of Lewis rats using an adenoviral vector. Six million VEGF-transfected and LacZ-transfected MSCs (VEGF group), LacZ-transfected MSCs (control group), or serum-free medium only (medium group) were injected into syngeneic rat hearts 1 hour after left coronary artery occlusion. At 1 week after MI, MSCs were detected by X-gal staining in infarcted region. High expression of VEGF was immunostained in the VEGF group. At 28 days after MI, infarct size, left ventricular dimensions, ejection fraction, E wave/A wave ratio and capillary density of the infarcted region were most improved in the VEGF group, compared with the medium group. Immunohistochemically, α-smooth muscle actin–positive cells were most increased in the VEGF group.Conclusions—This combined strategy of cell transplantation with gene therapy could be a useful therapy for the treatment of acute MI.
Repressible transgenic model of NRAS oncogene–driven mast cell disease in the mouse
Authors: Wiesner Stephen M. , Jones Jamie M. , Hasz Diane E. , Largaespada David A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTo create a model in which to study the effects of RAS dysregulation in hematopoietic disease, we developed separate founder lines of transgenic mice, with the tetracycline transactivator (tTA) driven by the Vav hematopoietic promoter in one line and NRASV12 driven by the tetracycline responsive element (TRE2) in the other. When these lines are crossed, doubly transgenic animals uniformly develop a disease similar to human aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM) or mast cell leukemia (MCL) when they are between 2 and 4 months of age. Disease is characterized by tissue infiltrates of large, well-differentiated mast cells in the spleen, liver, skin, lung, and thymus. Analysis of bone sections shows small to large foci of similarly well-differentiated mast cells. Results also show that transgene expression and diseases are repressible through the administration of doxycycline in the drinking water of affected animals, indicating that NRASV12 expression is required to initiate and maintain disease in doubly transgenic mice. Our inducible system of transgenes, developed as a model of mutant NRASV12 oncogene–driven myeloid disease, will be useful for studying the role of RAS dysregulation in hematopoietic disease in general and in discrete human diseases, specifically ASM and MCL.
Hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells progresses through sequential hematoendothelial, primitive, and definitive stages resembling human yolk sac development
Authors: Zambidis Elias T. , Peault Bruno , Park Tea Soon , Bunz Fred , Civin Curt I. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe elucidate the cellular and molecular kinetics of the stepwise differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to primitive and definitive erythromyelopoiesis from human embryoid bodies (hEBs) in serum-free clonogenic assays. Hematopoiesis initiates from CD45 hEB cells with emergence of semiadherent mesodermal-hematoendothelial (MHE) colonies that can generate endothelium and form organized, yolk sac–like structures that secondarily generate multipotent primitive hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs), erythroblasts, and CD13+CD45+ macrophages. A first wave of hematopoiesis follows MHE colony emergence and is predominated by primitive erythropoiesis characterized by a brilliant red hemoglobinization, CD71/CD325a (glycophorin A) expression, and exclusively embryonic/fetal hemoglobin expression. A second wave of definitive-type erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-e's), erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-e's), granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFCs), and multilineage CFCs follows next from hEB progenitors. These stages of hematopoiesis proceed spontaneously from hEB-derived cells without requirement for supplemental growth factors during hEB differentiation. Gene expression analysis of differentiating hEBs revealed that initiation of hematopoiesis correlated with increased levels of SCL/TAL1, GATA1, GATA2, CD34, CD31, and the homeobox gene-regulating factor CDX4 These data indicate that hematopoietic differentiation of hESCs models the earliest events of embryonic and definitive hematopoiesis in a manner resembling human yolk sac development, thus providing a valuable tool for dissecting the earliest events in human HSPC genesis.
Microcytic anemia, erythropoietic protoporphyria, and neurodegeneration in mice with targeted deletion of iron-regulatory protein 2
Authors: Cooperman Sharon S. , Meyron-Holtz Esther G. , Olivierre-Wilson Hayden , Ghosh Manik C. , McConnell Joseph P. , Rouault Tracey A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIron-regulatory proteins (IRPs) 1 and 2 posttranscriptionally regulate expression of transferrin receptor (TfR), ferritin, and other iron metabolism proteins. Mice with targeted deletion of IRP2 overexpress ferritin and express abnormally low TfR levels in multiple tissues. Despite this misregulation, there are no apparent pathologic consequences in tissues such as the liver and kidney. However, in the central nervous system, evidence of abnormal iron metabolism in IRP2-/- mice precedes the development of adult-onset progressive neurodegeneration, characterized by widespread axonal degeneration and neuronal loss. Here, we report that ablation of IRP2 results in iron-limited erythropoiesis. TfR expression in erythroid precursors of IRP2-/- mice is reduced, and bone marrow iron stores are absent, even though transferrin saturation levels are normal. Marked overexpression of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2 (Alas2) results from loss of IRP-dependent translational repression, and markedly increased levels of free protoporphyrin IX and zinc protoporphyrin are generated in IRP2-/- erythroid cells. IRP2-/- mice represent a new paradigm of genetic microcytic anemia. We postulate that IRP2 mutations or deletions may be a cause of refractory microcytic anemia and bone marrow iron depletion in patients with normal transferrin saturations, elevated serum ferritins, elevated red cell protoporphyrin IX levels, and adult-onset neurodegeneration.
IL-6 blocks a discrete early step in lymphopoiesis
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Baba Yoshihiro , Nagai Yoshinori , Miyazaki Kozo , Malykhin Alexander , Nakamura Koji , Kincade Paul W. , Sakaguchi Nobuo , Coggeshall K. Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAnimals lacking Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP) display a reduction in lymphopoiesis and a corresponding enhancement of myelopoiesis. These effects are mediated at least in part by elevated levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6). Here, we show the lymphopoiesis block in SHIP–/– mice is due to suppression of the lymphoid lineage choice by uncommitted progenitors. The suppression can be reproduced in vitro with recombinant IL-6, and IL-6 acts directly on hematopoietic progenitors. The block is partially overcome in SHIP–/– IL-6–/– double-deficient animals. IL-6 does not suppress but actually enhances proliferation of lymphoid-committed progenitors, indicating the IL-6 target cells are hematopoietic stem cells or multipotent progenitors. The findings suggest a mechanism for the lymphopenia that accompanies proinflammatory diseases.
Inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases differentially regulate costimulated T cell cytokine production and mouse airway eosinophilia
Authors: Chialda Ligia , Zhang Meixia , Brune Kay , Pahl Andreas 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background
T cells play a dominant role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Costimulation of T cells is necessary to fully activate them. An inducible costimulator (ICOS) of T cells is predominantly expressed on Th2 cells. Therefore, interference of signaling pathways precipitated by ICOS may present new therapeutic options for Th2 dominated diseases such as asthma. However, these signaling pathways are poorly characterized in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Human primary CD4+ T cells from blood were activated by beads with defined combinations of surface receptor stimulating antibodies and costimulatory receptor ligands. Real-time RT-PCR was used for measuring the production of cytokines from activated T cells. Activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways leading to cytokine synthesis were investigated by western blot analysis and by specific inhibitors. The effect of inhibitors in vivo was tested in a murine asthma model of late phase eosinophilia. Lung inflammation was assessed by differential cell count of the bronchoalveolar lavage, determination of serum IgE and lung histology.

Results
We showed in vitro that ICOS and CD28 are stimulatory members of an expanding family of co-receptors, whereas PD1 ligands failed to co-stimulate T cells. ICOS and CD28 activated different MAPK signaling cascades necessary for cytokine activation. By means of specific inhibitors we showed that p38 and ERK act downstream of CD28 and that ERK and JNK act downstream of ICOS leading to the induction of various T cell derived cytokines. Using a murine asthma model of late phase eosinophilia, we demonstrated that the ERK inhibitor U0126 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited lung inflammation in vivo. This inhibition correlated with the inhibition of Th2 cytokines in the BAL fluid. Despite acting on different signaling cascades, we could not detect synergistic action of any combination of MAPK inhibitors. In contrast, we found that the p38 inhibitor SB203580 antagonizes the action of the ERK inhibitor U0126 in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that the MAPKs ERK and JNK may be suitable targets for anti-inflammatory therapy of asthma, whereas inhibition of p38 seems to be an unlikely target.
Improved profile HMM performance by assessment of critical algorithmic features in SAM and HMMER
Authors: Wistrand Markus , Sonnhammer Erik LL 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background
Profile hidden Markov model (HMM) techniques are among the most powerful methods for protein homology detection. Yet, the critical features for successful modelling are not fully known. In the present work we approached this by using two of the most popular HMM packages: SAM and HMMER. The programs' abilities to build models and score sequences were compared on a SCOP/Pfam based test set. The comparison was done separately for local and global HMM scoring.

Results
Using default settings, SAM was overall more sensitive. SAM's model estimation was superior, while HMMER's model scoring was more accurate. Critical features for model building were then analysed by comparing the two packages' algorithmic choices and parameters. The weighting between prior probabilities and multiple alignment counts held the primary explanation why SAM's model building was superior. Our analysis suggests that HMMER gives too much weight to the sequence counts. SAM's emission prior probabilities were also shown to be more sensitive. The relative sequence weighting schemes are different in the two packages but performed equivalently.

Conclusion
SAM model estimation was more sensitive, while HMMER model scoring was more accurate. By combining the best algorithmic features from both packages the accuracy was substantially improved compared to their default performance.
Transcriptome analysis in primary neural stem cells using a tag cDNA amplification method
Authors: Sievertzon Maria , Wirta Valtteri , Mercer Alex , Meletis Konstantinos , Erlandsson Rikard , Wikström Lilian , Frisén Jonas , Lundeberg Joakim 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundNeural stem cells (NSCs) can be isolated from the adult mammalian brain and expanded in culture, in the form of cellular aggregates called neurospheres. Neurospheres provide anin vitromodel for studying NSC behaviour and give information on the factors and mechanisms that govern their proliferation and differentiation. They are also a promising source for cell replacement therapies of the central nervous system. Neurospheres are complex structures consisting of several cell types of varying degrees of differentiation. One way of characterising neurospheres is to analyse their gene expression profiles. The value of such studies is however uncertain since they are heterogeneous structures and different populations of neurospheres may vary significantly in their gene expression.ResultsTo address this issue, we have used cDNA microarrays and a recently reported tag cDNA amplification method to analyse the gene expression profiles of neurospheres originating from separate isolations of the lateral ventricle wall of adult mice and passaged to varying degrees. Separate isolations as well as consecutive passages yield a high variability in gene expression while parallel cultures yield the lowest variability.ConclusionsWe demonstrate a low technical amplification variability using the employed amplification strategy and conclude that neurospheres from the same isolation and passage are sufficiently similar to be used for comparative gene expression analysis.