bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT MEMATUHI PROTOKOL KESEHATAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Haryanti Silvy Aprilia , Sibuea Rico Paulus 
Published: October 2023

Kota Semarang merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia dengan intensitas penularan yang tinggi pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Hal tersebut menyebabkan ditetapkannya Kota Semarang menjadi zona merah. Oleh sebab itu masyarakat perlu menerapkan protokol kesehatan dengan ketat. Lahirnya Peraturan Walikota Semarang Nomor 28 Tahun 2020 tentang pedoman pelaksanaan pembatasan kegiatan dalam rangka percepatan penanganan COVID-19 di Kota Semarang tidak juga dapat membuat masyarakat mematuhi protokol kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan, memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai faktor-faktor penyebab rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam mematuhi protokol kesehatan di Kota Semarang dan untuk mendeskripsikan, memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai strategi Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat mematuhi protokol kesehatan sebagai upata pencegahan COVID-19 di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. rendahnya tingkat kesadaran masyarakat Kota Semarang mengenai protokol kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya kurangnya pemahaman, faktor lingkungan, dan taraf hidup masyarakat. Untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai protokol kesehatan, Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja melaksanakan beberapa agenda dengan tujuan agar masyarakat lebih mematuhi protokol kesehatan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa strategi satuan polisi pamong praja kota semarang dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat mematuhi protokol kesehatan sudah tepat dan berjalan sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan karena dengan strategi tersebut terbukti menurunkan angka positif covid-19 di Kota Semarang.
Kata Kunci: Strategi; Kesadaran Masyarakat; Covid-19.
Sensory attributes, chemical and microbiological properties of cigars aged with different media
Authors: Hu Wanrong , Cai Wen , Jia Yun , Fan Jingyuan , Zhu Beibei , Zhang Qianying , Wang Yue , Liu Yuanfa , Li Dongliang 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Aging is an important process to improve the quality of cigar, but the effect of aging with media on cigar has not been reported.Therefore, this study aimed to prepare different aging media and clarify the influence of media on cigar quality.Methods: Effective media were first screened by sensory evaluation, then the effects of aging media on the chemical composition and microbial community of cigar were investigated.Results: The results showed that: 1) As aging media, coffee formula and cocoa formula could optimize the smoke and aroma characteristics of cigar, and 30 days was the appropriate period for cigar aging. 2) Aging with coffee or cocoa media could increase the content of amino acids, non-volatile organic acids, malic acid and aroma components. Particularly, the content of aroma components increased from 2.48 mg g−1 (W-30) to 3.21 mg g−1 (C-30) and 3.70 mg g−1 (K-30), respectively. 3) Aging with coffee can improve the diversity of bacteria and fungi on the cigar surface and change the succession rule of bacterial community. In contrast, aging with cocoa had no significant effect on microbial diversity of cigar.Discussion: In this study, the influence of aging media on cigar quality was analyzed multidimensionally for the first time, which provided a reference for the development of new aging media and technologies to improve cigar quality.
Repeat-dose toxicity study of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in cynomolgus monkeys by intravenous and subcutaneous injection
Authors: Pan Wei , Gu Liqiang , Yang Hongzhong , Xu Cong , Yang Zhengbiao , Lu Qijiong , Shi Yuhua , Zhang Lili , Shao Jinjin , Chen Yunxiang , Pan Xin , Wu Feifei , Pan Ruolang , Liang Jinfeng , Zhang Lijiang 
Published: October 2023

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are proposed for the treatment of acute lung injury and atopic dermatitis. To advance hUC-MSC entry into clinical trials, the effects of hUC-MSCs on the general toxicity, immune perturbation and toxicokinetic study of hUC-MSCs in cynomolgus monkeys were assessed. hUC-MSCs were administered to cynomolgus monkeys by intravenous infusion of 3.0 × 106 or 3.0 × 107cells/kg or by subcutaneous injection of 3.0 × 107cells/kg twice a week for 3 weeks followed by withdrawal and observation for 6 weeks. Toxicity was assessed by clinical observation, clinical pathology, ophthalmology, immunotoxicology and histopathology. Moreover, toxicokinetic study was performed using a validated qPCR method after the first and last dose. After 3rd or 4th dosing, one or three the monkeys in the intravenous high-dose group exhibited transient coma, which was eliminated by slow-speed infusion after 5th or 6th dosing. In all dose groups, hUC-MSCs significantly increased NEUT levels and decreased LYMPH and CD3+ levels, which are related to the immunosuppressive effect of hUC-MSCs. Subcutaneous nodules and granulomatous foci were found at the site of administration in all monkeys in the subcutaneous injection group. Other than above abnormalities, no obvious systemic toxicity was observed in any group. The hUC-MSCs was detectable in blood only within 1 h after intravenous and subcutaneous administration. The present study declared the preliminary safety of hUC-MSCs, but close monitoring of hUC-MSCs for adverse effects, such as coma induced by intravenous infusion, is warranted in future clinical trials.
The antimicrobial peptide Esc(1-21)-1c increases susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to conventional antibiotics by decreasing the expression of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump
Authors: Canè Carolina , Casciaro Bruno , Di Somma Angela , Loffredo Maria Rosa , Puglisi Elena , Battaglia Gennaro , Mellini Marta , Cappiello Floriana , Rampioni Giordano , Leoni Livia , Amoresano Angela , Duilio Angela , Mangoni Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The increase in bacterial strains resistant to conventional antibiotics is an alarming problem for human health and could lead to pandemics in the future. Among bacterial pathogens responsible for a large variety of severe infections there is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new molecules with antimicrobial activity or that can act as adjuvants of antibiotics already in use. In this scenario, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold great promise. Recently, we characterized a frog-skin AMP derived from esculentin-1a, namely Esc(1-21)-1c, endowed with antipseudomonal activity without being cytotoxic to human cells.Methods: The combinatorial effect of the peptide and antibiotics was investigated through the checkerboard assay, differential proteomic and transcriptional analysis.Results: Here, we found that Esc(1-21)-1c can synergistically inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa cells with three different antibiotics, including tetracycline. We therefore investigated the underlying mechanism implemented by the peptide using a differential proteomic approach. The data revealed a significant decrease in the production of three proteins belonging to the MexAB-OprM efflux pump upon treatment with sub-inhibitory concentration of Esc(1-21)-1c. Down-regulation of these proteins was confirmed by transcriptional analysis and direct measurement of their relative levels in bacterial cells by tandem mass spectrometry analysis in multiple reaction monitoring scan mode.Conclusion: These evidences suggest that treatment with Esc(1-21)-1c in combination with antibiotics would increase the intracellular drug content making bacteria more susceptible to the antibiotic. Overall, these results highlight the importance of characterizing new molecules able to synergize with conventional antibiotics, paving the way for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies based on AMP/antibiotic formulations to counteract the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and increase the use of “old” antibiotics in medical practice.
Aortic root enlargement in patients undergoing mitral and aortic replacement: early outcomes in a sub-Saharan population
Authors: Mve Mvondo Charles , Tchokouani Djientcheu Carole , Ngo Yon Laurence Carole , Banga Douglas Nkomo , Mbele Richard , Bella Ela Amos , Giamberti Alessandro , Frigiola Alessandro , Menanga Alain Patrick , Djientcheu Vincent De Paul , Ngowe Marcelin Ngowe 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionAortic root enlargement (ARE) is often required to avoid patient–prosthesis mismatch (PPM) in young patients undergoing aortic surgery, including those undergoing combined mitral and aortic valve replacement (double valve replacement, DVR). Adding ARE to DVR may increase the operative risk by extending the surgical time. Herein, we review our experience with ARE in patients who underwent DVR.Materials and methodsThe medical records of 69 patients who underwent DVR at our institution between February 2008 and November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the ARE procedure (ARE-DVR: 25 patients; DVR: 44 patients). Descriptive and comparative analyses of demographic, clinical, and surgical data were performed.ResultsAmong the 69 patients who underwent DVR, 35 were women (sex ratio, 0.97). The mean age at surgery was 26.7  ±  13.9 years (range: 7–62 years). Among the 47 patients aged ≤30 years, 40.4% (19/47) were aged between 10 and 20 years, and 6.3% (3/47) were aged &lt;10 years. Patients in the ARE-DVR group were younger (23.3 ± 12.9 years vs. 28.5 ± 14.2 years, p &lt; 0.05). The New York Heart Association Class ≥III dyspnea was the most common symptom (89.9%), with no differences between the two groups. Of all the patients, 84.1% had sinus rhythm. Rheumatic disease was the most common etiology in the entire cohort (91.3%). The mean aortic annulus diameter was 20.54 mm, with smaller sizes found in the ARE-DVR group (18.00 ± 1.47 mm vs. 22.50 ± 2.35 mm, p &lt; 0.05). The aortic cross-clamping duration was greater in the ARE-DVR group (177.6 ± 37.9 min vs. 148.3 ± 66.3 min, p = 0.047). The operative mortality rate was 5.6% for the entire cohort (ARE-DVR: 8% vs. DVR: 4.5%, p = 0.46). Among the patients who underwent echocardiographic control at follow-up, the mean aortic gradient was 19.6 ± 7.2 mmHg (range: 6.14–33 mmHg), with no differences among the groups.ConclusionThe association between ARE and DVR did not significantly affect operative mortality. ARE can be safely used whenever indications arise to reduce the occurrence of PPM, especially in young patients with growth potential.
Donor/recipient ascending aortic diameter ratio as a novel potential metric for donor selection and improved clinical outcomes in heart transplantation: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Masroor Matiullah , Chen Yuqi , Wang Yixuan , Dong Nianguo 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundDonor/recipient size matching is paramount in heart transplantation. Body weight, height, body mass index, body surface area, and predicted heart mass (PHM) ratios are generally used in size matching. Precise size matching is important to achieve better clinical outcomes. This study aims to determine the donor/recipient ascending aortic diameter (AAoD) ratio as a metric for donor selection and its effect on postoperative clinical outcomes in heart transplant patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who underwent heart transplantation from January 2015 to December 2018. A cutoff value of 0.8032 for the donor/recipient AAoD ratio (independent variable for the primary endpoint during unmatched cohort analysis) was determined for predicting in-hospital mortality. The patients were divided into two groups based on the cutoff value. Group A, AAoD &lt; 0.8032 (n = 96), and Group B, AAoD &gt; 0.8032 (n = 265). A propensity score-matched (PSM) study was performed to equalize the two groups comprising 77 patients each in terms of risk. A Cox regression model was developed to identify the independent preoperative variables affecting the primary end-point. The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 361 patients underwent heart transplantation during the given period. On the multivariate analysis, donor/recipient PHM ratio [HR 16.907, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.535–186.246, P = 0.021], donor/recipient AAoD ratio &lt; 0.8032 (HR 5.398, 95% CI 1.181–24.681, P = 0.030), and diabetes (HR 3.138, 95% CI 1.017–9.689, P = 0.047) were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Group A had higher 3-year mortality than Group B (P = 0.022). The surgery time was longer and postoperative RBC, plasma, and platelets transfusion were higher in Group A (P &lt; 0.05). Although not statistically significant the use of continuous renal replacement therapy (P = 0.054), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P = 0.086), was realatively higher, and ventilation time (P = 0.079) was relatively longer in Group A.ConclusionsThe donor/recipient AAoD ratio is a potential metric for patient matching and postoperative outcomes in heart transplantation. A donor/recipient AAoD ratio &gt; 0.8032 could improve post-heart transplantation outcomes and donor heart utilization.
Apolipoprotein B and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: reversing the risk of coronary heart disease
Authors: Yang Fangkun , Huangfu Ning , Shen Jiaxi , Su Pengpeng , Zhu Lujie , Cui Hanbin , Yuan Shuai 
Published: October 2023

AimsEpidemiological evidence for the link of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and its inhibition with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains controversial. We aim to investigate the cardiovascular effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and underlying mechanisms.MethodsGenetic variants identified from a genome-wide association study involving 30,931 individuals were used as instrumental variables for the serum IL-1Ra concentrations. Genetic associations with CVDs and cardiometabolic risk factors were obtained from international genetic consortia. Inverse‐variance weighted method was utilized to derive effect estimates, while supplementary analyses employing various statistical approaches.ResultsGenetically determined IL-1Ra level was associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD; OR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.17) and myocardial infarction (OR, 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.21). The main results remained consistent in supplementary analyses. Besides, IL-1Ra was associated with circulating levels of various lipoprotein lipids, apolipoproteins and fasting glucose. Interestingly, observed association pattern with CHD was reversed when adjusting for apolipoprotein B (OR, 0.84; 95%CI: 0.71-0.99) and slightly attenuated on accounting for other cardiometabolic risk factors. Appropriate lifestyle intervention was found to lower IL-1Ra concentration and mitigate the heightened CHD risk it posed.ConclusionApolipoprotein B represents the key driver, and a potential target for reversal of the causal link between serum IL-1Ra and increased risk of CHD/MI. The combined therapy involving IL-1 inhibition and lipid-modifying treatment aimed at apolipoprotein B merit further exploration.
Identifying the main drivers of the spatiotemporal variations in wetland methane emissions during 2001–2020
Authors: Hu Yihan , Yue Xu , Tian Chenguang , Zhou Hao , Fu Weijie , Zhao Xu , Zhao Yuan , Chen Yuwen 
Published: October 2023

Wetlands act as an important natural source of global methane (CH4). The emission rate of wetland CH4 is jointly affected by climate change, carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization, and wetland distribution. In this study, we implemented a wetland CH4 emission module into the Yale Interactive Biosphere (YIBs) model to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of global wetland CH4 emissions in 2001–2020. Site-level validations showed that the YIBs model reasonably captures the seasonality and magnitude of CH4 emissions at 28 out of 33 sites with significantly positive correlations and low relative biases. On the global scale, the YIBs predicts an annual mean wetland CH4 emission of 147.5 Tg yr−1 in 2000–2017, very close to the estimate of 147.9 Tg yr−1 from the ensemble of 13 process-based models. Global wetland CH4 emissions showed a positive trend of 0.74 Tg yr−2 in the past 2 decades, leading to an increase of 7.4 Tg yr−1 (5.2%) in 2008–2017 than 2000–2009. Climate change and CO2 fertilization accounted for over 70% of global wetland CH4 emission changes. Among them, the impact of CO2 grew steadily and became the dominant factor after the year 2008. The most significant changes in wetland CH4 emissions were located in the tropical regions following the perturbations in temperature that drives the ecosystem productivity. We found limited changes in CH4 emissions over high latitudes because of the moderate variations in wetland area fraction. The rise of wetland CH4 emissions poses an emerging threat to the global warming and likely escalates the tropospheric air pollutants.
Virus-like particle vaccines with epitopes from porcine epidemic virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus incorporated into self-assembling ADDomer platform provide clinical immune responses in piglets
Authors: Du Pengfei , Yan Quanhui , Zhang Xiao-Ai , Zeng Weijun , Xie Kaiyuan , Yuan Zhongmao , Liu Xiaodi , Liu Xueyi , Zhang Lihong , Wu Keke , Li Xiaowen , Fan Shuangqi , Zhao Mingqiu , Chen Jinding 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are major intestinal coronaviruses that cause vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and mortality in piglets. These viruses coexist and lead to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional inactivated vaccines due to their exceptional safety, efficacy, and ability to provide multi-disease protection with a single dose.MethodsOur study focused on specific antigenic epitopes from the PEDV S protein (SS2 and 2C10 regions) and the TGEV S protein (A and D sites) as target candidates. These epitopes were integrated into the ADDomer framework, and we successfully generated recombinant proteins AD, AD-P, AD-T, and AD-PT using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). By meticulously optimizing conditions in High Five cells, we successfully expressed and purified the recombinant proteins. Subsequently, we developed the recombinant ADDomer-VLP vaccine and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of its efficacy in piglets.ResultsFollowing ultrafiltration concentration and sucrose gradient centrifugation purification, the recombinant proteins self-assembled into VLPs as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Administration of the vaccine did not result in any adverse reactions in the immunized piglets. Additionally, no significant instances of fever were detected in any of the experimental groups, and there were no notable changes in average daily weight gain compared to the control group that received PBS. The recombinant ADDomer-VLP vaccines demonstrated strong immunogenicity, effectively stimulating the production of neutralizing antibodies against both PEDV and TGEV. Moreover, the recombinant ADDomer-VLP vaccine induced elevated levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4, and enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in the peripheral blood of piglets.DiscussionThese recombinant VLPs have demonstrated the ability to induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses in piglets, making them an incredibly promising platform for the rapid and simplified development of epitope vaccines.
Acriflavine, a HIF-1 inhibitor, preserves vision in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of optic neuritis
Authors: Anders Jeffrey J. , Elwood Benjamin W. , Kardon Randy H. , Gramlich Oliver W. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionOptic neuritis (ON) is often an early sign of multiple sclerosis (MS), and recent studies show a link between HIF-1 pathway activation and inflammation. This study aimed to determine if inhibition of the HIF-1 pathway using the HIF-1a antagonist acriflavine (ACF) can reduce clinical progression and rescue the ocular phenotype in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) ON model.MethodsEAE-related ON was induced in 60 female C57BL/6J mice by immunization with MOG33-55, and 20 EAE mice received daily systemic injections of ACF at 5 mg/kg. Changes in the visual function and structure of ACF-treated EAE mice were compared to those of placebo-injected EAE mice and naïve control mice.ResultsACF treatment improved motor–sensory impairment along with preserving visual acuity and optic nerve function. Analysis of retinal ganglion cell complex alsoshowed preserved thickness correlating with increased survival of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. Optic nerve cell infiltration and magnitude of demyelination were decreased in ACF-treated EAE mice. Subsequent in vitro studies revealed improvements not only attributed to the inhibition of HIF-1 butalso to previously unappreciated interaction with the eIF2a/ATF4 axis in the unfolded protein response pathway.DiscussionThis study suggests that ACF treatment is effective in an animal model of MS via its pleiotropic effects on the inhibition of HIF-1 and UPR signaling, and it may be a viable approach to promote rehabilitation in MS.
Differential early response of monocyte/macrophage subsets to intra-operative corticosteroid administration in lung transplantation
Authors: Glorion Matthieu , Pascale Florentina , Huriet Maxime , Estephan Jérôme , Gouin Carla , Urien Céline , Bourge Mickael , Egidy Giorgia , Richard Christophe , Gelin Valérie , De Wolf Julien , Le Guen Morgan , Magnan Antoine , Roux Antoine , Devillier Philippe , Schwartz-Cornil Isabelle , Sage Edouard 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionLung transplantation often results in primary and/or chronic dysfunctions that are related to early perioperative innate allo-responses where myeloid subsets play a major role. Corticosteroids are administered upon surgery as a standard-of-care but their action on the different myeloid cell subsets in that context is not known.MethodsTo address this issue, we used a cross-circulatory platform perfusing an extracorporeal lung coupled to cell mapping in the pig model, that enabled us to study the recruited cells in the allogeneic lung over 10 hours.ResultsMyeloid cells, i.e. granulocytes and monocytic cells including classical CD14pos and non-classical/intermediate CD16pos cells, were the dominantly recruited subsets, with the latter upregulating the membrane expression of MHC class II and CD80/86 molecules. Whereas corticosteroids did not reduce the different cell subset recruitment, they potently dampened the MHC class II and CD80/86 expression on monocytic cells and not on alveolar macrophages. Besides, corticosteroids induced a temporary and partial anti-inflammatory gene profile depending on cytokines and monocyte/macrophage subsets.DiscussionThis work documents the baseline effects of the standard-of-care corticosteroid treatment for early innate allo-responses. These insights will enable further optimization and improvement of lung transplantation outcomes.