bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact relationships between vascular smooth muscle cells: An in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Sosa‐Melgarejo J. A. , Berry C. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCell/cell contacts in the intact media of the rat thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava, and in cultured smooth muscle cells from these vessels have been quantified in order to determine whether their density and their type can be correlated with the differences in load at these two sites. The type and number of contacts per 100 μm of cell perimeter and per 100 cells were determined with a semi‐automatic image analysis system. In all cases there was a predominance of simple appositions; intermediate junctions, interdigitations, and nexus junctions were less frequently observed. There were more cell contacts of each type in the intact arteries than in the intact veins. In cell cultures, all types of cell contacts were increased but the proportion of load bearing types was reduced.
Type VII collagen antibody LH 7.2 identifies basement membrane characteristics of thin malignant melanomas
Authors: Kirkham Nigel , Price Margaret L. , Gibson Barry , Leigh Irene M. , Coburn Peter , Darley Charles R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (LH 7.2) to the carboxy terminal of type VII collagen has been used in an indirect immunoperoxidase method on frozen sections of biopsies of benign compound and intradermal cellular naevi, dysplastic naevi, and malignant melanomas, to label the epidermal basement membrane. Benign intradermal naevi had an intact membrane with the dermal naevus cell component lying beneath it. Compound naevi showed proliferating junctional nests of naevus cells pushing through the membrane towards the dermis beneath. In contrasts, dysplastic naevi and melanomas showed a progressive displacement of the membrane downwards. Thin lesions were confined above the membrane. With increasing tumour thickness, discontinuities in the membrane were seen and foxi of invasive growth through the line of the membrane were identified. These studies suggest that the good prognosis of thin melanomas is associated with confinement of the tumour within an expanded epidermis above the basement membrane.
Macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are not representative of macrophages in granulomas of the lungs of BCG‐infected mice
Authors: Nibbering Peter H. , Van Derheide Annette , Van Furth Ralph 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo find out whether macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) represent the macrophage population in alveoli, we performed a quantitative study to compare the expression of cell‐surface antigens by macrophages in the lavage fluid as well as in the alveolar spaces of sectioned lung tissue from normal and BCG‐infected mice. The amount of antigen on cells, determined with a quantitative immunocytochemical method, was expressed as the mean specific absorbance per 0–25 μm2 cell‐surface area. In normal mice, BAL and intra‐alveolar macrophages are identical. Macrophages in BAL fluid and intra‐alveolar macrophages, both from BCG‐infected mice, expressed antigen F4/80 and Fc receptor II to about the same extent, but the former showed a significantly higher level of antigen expression as defined by antibodies M1/70, M5/114, 30‐G‐12, and M3/38. In granulomatous lesions, expression of antigens by macrophages, assessed semi‐quantitatively, was considerably less than that by BAL macrophages. Lymphocytes in the BAL fluid resembled those in the granulomas. These findings led to the conclusion that in BCG‐infected mice, the macrophages found in BAL fluid do not resemble those occurring in either the alveoli or the granulomatous lesions of the lungs. On these grounds, the relevance of findings in BAL fluid to lung interstitial lung diseases should be reconsidered.
Induction of soft tissue tumours in F344 rats by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intra‐articular, and retroperitoneal injection of nickel sulphide (Ni3S2)
Authors: Shibata Masashi , Izumi Keisuke , Sano Nobuya , Akagi Akiko , Otsuka Hisashi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe carcinogenicity of nickel sulphide (Ni3S2) injected into subcutaneous (s.c.), intramuscular (i.m.), or retroperitoneal intrafat (i.f.) tissue, or the intra‐articular space (i.a.) of male F344 rats was studied. Rats were given a single injection of 0.5 mg of Ni3S2 and were observed for 48 weeks. Malignant soft tissue tumours were induced in 18/19 rats (95 per cent) by s.c. injection, 19/20 rats (95 per cent) by i.m. injection, in 16/19 rats (84 per cent) by i.a. injection, and in 9/20 rats (45 per cent) by i.f. injection of Ni3S2. The i.f. injection of Ni3S2 resulted in a lower tumour incidence and the appearance of tumours 10 weeks later than its injection by other routes. The tumours were examined histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically with antibodies against desmin, vimentin, and cytokeratin. The 62 tumours induced by injection of Ni3S2 by different routes were identified as rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS, 35), malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH, 18), fibrosarcomas (FS, 5), and unclassified sarcomas (4). All 19 tumours induced by i.m. injection of Ni3S2 were rhabdomyosarcomas; those induced by s.c. or i.f. injection were mainly MFHs. However, a number of RMSs were also found in groups that received i.a., s.c., and i.f. injections; five FSs also developed in these groups. Four sarcomas induced by s.c. and i.a. injections were not classified. No synovial sarcoma developed.
The identification of cells containing JC papovavirus DNA in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by combined in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Ironside James W. , Lewis Fraser A. , Blythe David , Wakefield Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA double‐labelling technique combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry is described which was used to characterize cells in the central nervous system containing JC virus DNA in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues from four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. All four cases showed positive nuclear labelling for JC virus in both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The latter gave a strongly positive cytoplasmic staining reaction using antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. No nuclear labelling of neurones or endothelial cells was noted. The results confirm previous suggestions that glia are the main cells infected by JC virus in this disorder and show that the distribution of viral DNA in the brain is more extensive than suggested by routine microscopy alone. In situ hybridization for JC virus may be useful in confirming the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in both surgical biopsies and post‐mortem brain tissue.
Co‐expression of cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate filament proteins in benign and neoplastic breast epithelium
Authors: Raymond Wendy A. , Leong Anthony S‐Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper identifies another neoplasm of epithelial origin which may express vimentin in addition to cytokeratins, thereby adding to the expanding list of tumours which demonstrate intermediate filaments (IFs) other than those of their reputed cell of origin.Twenty examples of benign breast disease and 66 carcinomas were examined for vimentin and cytokeratin IFs using an avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex technique. Co‐expression of these IF proteins was found in 35 per cent of cases of benign breast tissue and in 60 per cent of the carcinomas. In 8 (16 per cent) of 50 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, vimentin and cytokeratin immunostaining was observed in more than 60 per cent of the tumour cells. These carcinomas were predominantly of a high histological grade. In benign breast disease and well‐differentiated carcinoma, vimentin was distributed in the basal and perinuclear regions of the cells, with sparing of the apical portions. In those cases in which large numbers of tumour cells expressed vimentin, cytoplasmic staining was diffuse, and often exhibited distinctive perinuclear and subplasmalemmal accentuation.We propose that a knowledge of the list of carcinomas which may co‐express vimentin and cytokeratin IFs might be helpful in the assessment of undifferentiated tumours and metastatic deposits.
Interleukin‐2 receptor expression in benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions
Authors: Kernohan N. M. , Sewell H. F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe immunophenotype of the lymphocytic reaction of melanocytic skin lesions (12 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), three of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle (HMF), and eight naevocellular naevi) has been studied using monoclonal antibodies. CMM was associated with the most intense lymphocytic reaction, the lymphocytes being T cells of both CD‐4 T helper/inducer and CD‐8 suppressor/cytotoxic subsets which were present in varying proportions. Although less marked, the lymphocytic reaction to HMF and benign naevi showed similar features. An antibody to the interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R; Tac, CD‐25) was included in the panel and the earlier findings of positively stained cells in association with CMM were confirmed. In addition, the novel finding of these cells in association with HMF and naevocellular naevi is reported. The number of these CD‐25 positive cells was extremely variable but they appeared most prominent in association with CMM. The findings presented here indicate that it is not possible to infer that CD‐25 positive lymphocytes present in the host response to CMM necessarily indicates tumour specific activation of the cells of the host immune system.
Type 4 chain H expression by bile ductules and hepatocytes in cirrhosis
Authors: Okada Yoshio , Colnaghi Maria I. , Tsuji Takao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody MBrl defines the blood group H determinant with β 1 → 3N‐acetylgalactosamine linkage (Fucα 1 → 2Galβ 1 → 3GalNAc → R) carried by type 3 or 4 backbone. The distribution of the antigen detected by this antibody was studied immunohistochemically in liver tissues. Although bile ducts with a diameter of more than about 100 μm normally expressed the MBrl‐reactive antigen supranuclearly, smaller bile ducts and bile ductules did not express the antigen. In cirrhotic liver, proliferated bile ductules extensively expressed the MBrl‐reactive antigen. In spite of the absence in normal liver cells, the antigen was expressed membranously in some cirrhotic liver cells. Under subcellular fractionation, MBrl reactivity was almost exclusively recovered in the microsomal fraction. By HPTLC immunostaining, the major MBrl‐reactive antigen was shown to be carried by type 4 chain H glycolipid (globo‐H, Fuca 1 → 2Galβ 1 → 3GalNAcβ 1 → 3Galα 1 → 4Galβ 1 → 4Glcβ 1 → 1Cer). MBrl reactive glycoprotein was not found. In conclusion, although type 4 chain H glycolipid is not expressed by normal bile ductules and liver cells, it is actively synthesized and expressed by proliferated bile ductules and some of the liver cells in cirrhosis in the absence of any neoplastic change.
Platelet participation in the increased severity of endotoxin‐induced pulmonary injury in aged rats
Authors: Durham Stephen K. , Horan Michael A. , Brouwer Adriaan , Barelds Roel J. , Knook Dick L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that aged rats are more susceptible to the lethal effects of endotoxin as compared with young rats. The morphogenesis of early endotoxin‐induced pulmonary injury in young (6 months) and aged (24 months) rats was examined by combined light and transmission electron microscopy to elucidate cell populations that may be responsible for these effects. Pulmonary endothelial cell injury was of greater severity and occurred at earlier time periods in aged rats as compared with young rats. Platelet sequestration and aggregation were observed only in aged rats in this study, and occurred in conjunction with the initial degenerative changes in the endothelium. Morphological evidence of granulocyte degranulation and fragmentation was also observed only in aged rats. These results suggest that pulmonary endothelial cells of aged rats are more susceptible to endotoxin‐induced injury and that platelets may play an important role in the enhancement of initial endothelial damage. Furthermore, the extent of injury to the endothelial cell population may play an important role in accounting for differences in endotoxin‐induced mortality between young and aged rats.
Rhabdomyosarcoma in children: A histological and immunohistochemical study of 59 cases
Authors: Dodd S. , Malone M. , McCulloch W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that rhabdomyosarcoma can be divided into favourable and unfavourable histology groups. Those subtypes comprising the unfavourable histology group are alveolar, monomorphous round cell and anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma, with a favourable histology group of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. An immunohistological study was undertaken on 59 childhood rhabdomyosarcomas, using antisera to keratin. S100 protein, vimentin, desmin, myoglobin, and troponin T, Our results suggest that desmin is the single most useful antibody in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma and was expressed in all our cases. The expression of troponin T in the majority of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas but not in the other histological types has prognostic implications.
Lymphocytic gastritis versus varioliform gastritis. A historical series revisited
Authors: Haot J. , Berger F. , Andre C. , Moulinier B. , Mainguet P. , Lambert R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA historical series of varioliform gastritis published in 1978 by Lambert et al. (Digestion 1978: 17: 159–167) was revisited by two pathologists. The histological preparations from 35 parents were reread and interpreted in the light of endoscopic data found in the files. The results demonstrate a strict correlation between clinical diffuse varioliform gastritis and a recently recognized hispathological entity—lymphocytic gastritis, which is characterized by intense lymphocytic infiltration of the surface and foveolar epithelium. The rare discrepancies occur in Crohn's disease and in varioliform gastritis limited to part of the stomach, mostly the antrum.
Low‐temperature and conventional scanning electron microscopy of human urothelial neoplasms
Authors: Hopkins Diane M. , Morris James A. , Oates Kenneth , Huddart Henry , Staff William G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe appearance of neoplastic human urothelium viewed by low‐temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) and conventional scanning electron microscopy (CSEM) was compared. Fixed, dehydrated neoplastic cells viewed by CSEM had well‐defined, often raised cell junctions; no intercellular gaps; and varying degrees of pleomorphic surface microvilli. The frozen hydrated material viewed by LTSEM, however, was quite different. The cells had a flat or dimpled surface, but no microvilli. There were labyrinthine lateral processes which interdigitated with those of adjacent cells and outlined large intercellular gaps.The process of fixation and dehydration will inevitably distort cell contours and on theoretical grounds, the images of frozen hydrated material should more closely resemble the in vivo appearance.
The microsomal glucose‐6‐phosphatase enzyme of human gall‐bladder
Authors: Hill Alexander , Waddell Ian D. , Hopwood David , Burchell Ann 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMicrosomes isolated from adult human gall‐bladders have for the first time been shown to contain specific glucose‐6‐ phosphatase activity. The gall‐bladder glucose‐6‐phosphatase enzyme has the same molecular weight (36 500 daltons) and similar immunological properties and kinetic characteristics to the hepatic microsomal glucose‐6‐phosphatase enzyme.
Silica‐induced pulmonary fibrosis involves the reaction of particles with interstitial rather than alveolar macrophages
Authors: Bowden D. H. , Hedgecock C. , Adamson I. Y. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMacrophage‐derived products have been implicated in fibrobiast stimulation following particle deposition in the lung. To assess the role of macrophages in the alveolus versus those in the interstitium in the induction of pulmonary fibrosis, we compared the pulmonary response to silica when phagocytosis occurred predominantly in each of these compartments. One group of mice received intratracheal silica which was phagocytosed largely by alveolar macrophages (AM). A second group was exposed to whole body irradiation prior to receiving the same dose of silica. This prevented the usual efflux of PMN and monocytes into the air sacs, allowing passage of silica particles across the alveolar epithelium to reach the interstitial macrophages (IM). In the irradiation plus silica group, many large interstitial granulomas were formed at 2–4 weeks, and collagen levels were significantly greater than in all other groups at 16 weeks. More silica was found in 2 lung tissue residue and in lymph nodes of these animals. Pulmonary fibrosis was limited to interstitial areas where there was a high level of retained silica, whereas peripheral regions of the lung, where free AM containing silica were found, did not show fibrosis of the alveolar walls. The results suggest that factors secreted by IM in response to silica are more effective in stimulating fibrogenesis than secretions made by the AM into the alveolar space.
Undifferentiated columnar cells in colorectal adenomas and familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Newbold K. Mark , Warfield Adrian T. , Macdonald Fiona 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have observed and defined morphometrically and histochemically groups of undifferentiated columnar cells within the surface epithelium in colorectal mucosa. They were present within both non‐polypoid and polypoid mucosa in familial adenomatous polyposis, and within non‐hereditary adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum. The cells show some evidence of proliferative activity and appear similar to cells previously described in the stomach which were proposed as precursors to type 3 sulphomucin‐secreting intestinal metaplasia in atrophic gastritis.To our knowledge, these observations have not been previously described. It is possible that the cells represent the cellular basis of the shift in the proliferative zone from the normal site at the crypt base to the colorectal mucosal surface, which is known to precede adenomatous polyp formation. The cells may therefore be involved in the early stages of colorectal adenoma formation.
Vimentin—a new prognostic parameter in breast carcinoma?
Authors: Raymond Wendy A. , Leong Anthony S.‐Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis report describes a positive relationship between vimentin expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma, and high tumour growth fraction. Vimentin expression is potentially a predictor of aggressive behaviour, and such carcinomas may benefit from early adjuvant therapy.Eighty‐four malignant breast neoplasms were stained with monoclonal anti‐vimentin and anti‐cytokeratin antibodies. The tumour growth fractions were determined by immunostaming cryostat sections with the Ki‐67 antibody. Seven (9.2 per cent) of 76 infiltrating ductal carcinomas co‐expressed cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate filaments in more than 50 per cent of neoplastic cells. In each case, the corresponding Ki‐67 count was ≥40 percent, significantly higher than the mean growth fraction for all tumours examined (P<0.0001). Vimentin immunoreactivity was also positively related to the histological grade of the ductal carcinomas (P<0.002) and inversely related to tumour ER count (P<0.0002) and patient age (P<0.01). No relationship was observed between vimentin positivity and either the presence of axillary nodal metastases or primary tumour size.
A simple method for assessment of glomerular size and its use in the study of kidneys in acromegaly and compensatory renal enlargement
Authors: Newbold K. M. , Howie A. J. , Girling A. J. , Kizaki T. , Bryan R. L. , Carey M. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAs measurement of absolute glomerular size is difficult we developed a method of assessing glomerular size that was simple and practical and could be used to compare the kidneys in different groups of patients. Using a semi‐automatic image analyser, the cross‐sectional area of 100 randomly‐selected glomeruli, outlined by Bowman's capsule, was measured on sections of kidneys taken at necropsy. The mean of the logarithms of the largest 25 areas was calculated. The method was applied to compare control kidneys (53) with the kidneys in acromegalics (20), in patients with one kidney (10) and in patients with asymmetrical kidneys (12). Kidneys were heavier in the three test groups than in controls. Glomerular sizes were similar in controls and in acromegalics but were larger in single and disparate kidneys. There was a relationship between glomerular size and kidney weight within the control group and across the four groups taken together. This only partly accounted for the observed differences in glomerular size between the groups. Histologicai comparison of the acromegalic and single kidneys showed more global glomerulosclerosis in single kidneys and also segmental lesions, mainly at the glomerular hilum, only in the single kidneys. These findings show that renal enlargement occurs in acromegaly and in single and disparate kidneys but is accompanied by markedly different glomerular features. This implies different mechanisms for the renal enlargement. The method of assessing glomerular size is useful in the study of these and other conditions affecting the kidney.
Protamine sulphate‐induced proteinuria: The roles of glomerular injury and depletion of polyanion
Authors: Messina Aurora , Davies Davtd J. , Ryan Graeme B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been claimed that intrarenal injection of polycations results in proteinuria due to neutralization of glomerular basement membrane polyanionic charge without any glomerular morphological changes. To study the effects of polycation infusion on the renal glomerulus, the left kidney of rats was directly injected with protamine sulphate through the renal artery. Urine was collected from each kidney before and after injection, and protein excretion rates were determined. Ninety minutes after completion of the injection both kidneys were perfusion‐fixed and the morphology and colloidal iron staining of the kidneys were studied by light and electron microscopy.Intrarenal injection of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg of protamine sulphate produced minimal or mild proteinuria in the majority of animals. Higher doses (5 mg) commonly resulted in decreased protein excretion associated with oliguria. Colloidal iron staining of glomerular polyanionic sites was undiminished when compared with control kidneys. Injection of protamine sulphate resulted in capillary thrombosis and severe damage to both glomerular and tubular epithelium in 6 of 16 kidneys. In the remaining kidneys, milder focal changes were apparent. Although its mechanism of action is unclear, it is apparent that protamine sulphate, even in small doses, is toxic to the cellular components of the glomerulus and tubules, thus accounting for the range of changes observed in renal function.