bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating 17 methods incorporating biological function with GWAS summary statistics to accelerate discovery demonstrates a tradeoff between high sensitivity and high positive predictive value
Authors: Moore Amy , Marks Jesse A. , Quach Bryan C. , Guo Yuelong , Bierut Laura J. , Gaddis Nathan C. , Hancock Dana B. , Page Grier P. , Johnson Eric O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhere sufficiently large genome-wide association study (GWAS) samples are not currently available or feasible, methods that leverage increasing knowledge of the biological function of variants may illuminate discoveries without increasing sample size. We comprehensively evaluated 17 functional weighting methods for identifying novel associations. We assessed the performance of these methods using published results from multiple GWAS waves across each of five complex traits. Although no method achieved both high sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for any trait, a subset of methods utilizing pleiotropy and expression quantitative trait loci nominated variants with high PPV (>75%) for multiple traits. Application of functionally weighting methods to enhance GWAS power for locus discovery is unlikely to circumvent the need for larger sample sizes in truly underpowered GWAS, but these results suggest that applying functional weighting to GWAS can accurately nominate additional novel loci from available samples for follow-up studies.
The Rauvolfia tetraphylla genome suggests multiple distinct biosynthetic routes for yohimbane monoterpene indole alkaloids
Authors: Stander Emily Amor , Lehka Beata , Carqueijeiro Inês , Cuello Clément , Hansson Frederik G. , Jansen Hans J. , Dugé De Bernonville Thomas , Birer Williams Caroline , Vergès Valentin , Lezin Enzo , Lorensen Marcus Daniel Brandbjerg Bohn , Dang Thu-Thuy , Oudin Audrey , Lanoue Arnaud , Durand Mickael , Giglioli-Guivarc’h Nathalie , Janfelt Christian , Papon Nicolas , Dirks Ron P. , O’connor Sarah Ellen , Jensen Michael Krogh , Besseau Sébastien , Courdavault Vincent 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMonoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a structurally diverse family of specialized metabolites mainly produced in Gentianales to cope with environmental challenges. Due to their pharmacological properties, the biosynthetic modalities of several MIA types have been elucidated but not that of the yohimbanes. Here, we combine metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and genome sequencing of Rauvolfia tetraphylla with machine learning to discover the unexpected multiple actors of this natural product synthesis. We identify a medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) that produces a mixture of four diastereomers of yohimbanes including the well-known yohimbine and rauwolscine. In addition to this multifunctional yohimbane synthase (YOS), an MDR synthesizing mainly heteroyohimbanes and the short chain dehydrogenase vitrosamine synthase also display a yohimbane synthase side activity. Lastly, we establish that the combination of geissoschizine synthase with at least three other MDRs also produces a yohimbane mixture thus shedding light on the complex mechanisms evolved for the synthesis of these plant bioactives.
Combined NMR and molecular dynamics conformational filter identifies unambiguously dynamic ensembles of Dengue protease NS2B/NS3pro
Authors: Agback Tatiana , Lesovoy Dmitry , Han Xiao , Lomzov Alexander , Sun Renhua , Sandalova Tatyana , Orekhov Vladislav Yu. , Achour Adnane , Agback Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe dengue protease NS2B/NS3pro has been reported to adopt either an ‘open’ or a ‘closed’ conformation. We have developed a conformational filter that combines NMR with MD simulations to identify conformational ensembles that dominate in solution. Experimental values derived from relaxation parameters for the backbone and methyl side chains were compared with the corresponding back-calculated relaxation parameters of different conformational ensembles obtained from free MD simulations. Our results demonstrate a high prevalence for the ‘closed’ conformational ensemble while the ‘open’ conformation is absent, indicating that the latter conformation is most probably due to crystal contacts. Conversely, conformational ensembles in which the positioning of the co-factor NS2B results in a ‘partially’ open conformation, previously described in both MD simulations and X-ray studies, were identified by our conformational filter. Altogether, we believe that our approach allows for unambiguous identification of true conformational ensembles, an essential step for reliable drug discovery.
Prebiotic chemical origin of biomolecular complementarity
Authors: Sajeev Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe early Earth, devoid of the protective stratospheric ozone layer, must have sustained an ambient prebiotic physicochemical medium intensified by the co-existence of shortwave UV photons and very low energy electrons (vLEEs). Consequently, only intrinsically stable molecules against these two co-existing molecular destructors must have proliferated and thereby chemically evolved into the advanced molecules of life. Based on this view, we examined the stability inherent in nucleobases and their complementary pairs as resistance to the molecular damaging effects of shortwave UV photons and vLEEs. This leads to the conclusion that nucleobases could only proliferated as their complementary pairs under the unfavorable prebiotic conditions on early Earth. The complementary base pairing not only enhances but consolidates the intrinsic stability of nucleobases against short-range UV photons, vLEEs, and possibly many as-yet-unknown deleterious agents co-existed in the prebiotic conditions of the early Earth. In short, complementary base pairing is a manifestation of chemical evolution in the unfavorable prebiotic medium created by the absence of the stratospheric ozone layer.
Greening of human-dominated ecosystems in India
Authors: Park Taejin , Gumma Murali K. , Wang Weile , Panjala Pranay , Dubey Sunil K. , Nemani Ramakrishna R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSatellite data show the Earth has been greening and identify croplands in India as one of the most prominent greening hotspots. Though India’s agriculture has been dependent on irrigation enhancement to reduce crop water stress and increase production, the spatiotemporal dynamics of how irrigation influenced the satellite observed greenness remains unclear. Here, we use satellite-derived leaf area data and survey-based agricultural statistics together with results from state-of-the-art Land Surface Models (LSM) to investigate the role of irrigation in the greening of India’s croplands. We find that satellite observations provide multiple lines of evidence showing strong contributions of irrigation to significant greening during dry season and in drier environments. The national statistics support irrigation-driven yield enhancement and increased dry season cropping intensity. These suggest a continuous shift in India’s agriculture toward an irrigation-driven dry season cropping system and confirm the importance of land management in the greening phenomenon. However, the LSMs identify CO2 fertilization as a primary driver of greening whereas land use and management have marginal impacts on the simulated leaf area changes. This finding urges a closer collaboration of the modeling, Earth observation, and land system science communities to improve representation of land management in the Earth system modeling.
Multi-decadal variability controls short-term stratospheric water vapor trends
Authors: Tao Mengchu , Konopka Paul , Wright Jonathon S. , Liu Yi , Bian Jianchun , Davis Sean M. , Jia Yue , Ploeger Felix 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStratospheric water vapor increases are expected in response to greenhouse gas-forced climate warming, and these changes act as a positive feedback to surface climate. Previous efforts at inferring trends from the 3–4 decade-long observational stratospheric water vapor record have yielded conflicting results. Here we show that a robust multi-decadal variation of water vapor concentrations exists in most parts of the stratosphere based on satellite observations and atmospheric model simulations, which clearly divides the past 40 years into two wet decades (1986–1997; 2010–2020) and one dry decade (1998–2009). This multi-decadal variation, especially pronounced in the lower to middle stratosphere and in the northern hemisphere, is associated with decadal temperature anomalies (±0.2 K) at the cold point tropopause and a hemispheric asymmetry in changes of the Brewer-Dobson circulation modulating methane oxidation. Multi-decadal variability must be taken into account when evaluating stratospheric water vapor trends over recent decades.
End-to-end programmable computing systems
Authors: Xiao Yao , Ma Guixiang , Ahmed Nesreen K. , Capotă Mihai , Willke Theodore L. , Nazarian Shahin , Bogdan Paul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent technological advances have contributed to the rapid increase in algorithmic complexity of applications, ranging from signal processing to autonomous systems. To control this complexity and endow heterogeneous computing systems with autonomous programming and optimization capabilities, we propose aunified, end-to-end, programmable graph representation learning(PGL) framework that mines the complexity of high-level programs down to low-level virtual machine intermediate representation, extracts specific computational patterns, and predicts which code segments run best on a core in heterogeneous hardware. PGL extracts multifractal features from code graphs and exploits graph representation learning strategies for automatic parallelization and correct assignment to heterogeneous processors. The comprehensive evaluation of PGL on existing and emerging complex software demonstrates a 6.42x and 2.02x speedup compared to thread-based execution and state-of-the-art techniques, respectively. Our PGL framework leads to higher processing efficiency, which is crucial for future AI and high-performance computing applications such as autonomous vehicles and machine vision.
Carboxymethylcellulose/layered double hydroxide dispersions for topical ocular delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Mosconi Giuliana , Formica María Lina , Palma Santiago D. , Rojas Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Drug delivery to ocular tissues is hindered by anatomical and physiological barriers that diminish their bioavailability. LDH/CMC dispersions are promising due to their sustained drug release and mucoadhesive ability.
Flux weakening control of IPMSM traction system based on single current regulation square wave strategy
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Xiao Fei , Liu Jilong , Lian Chuanqiang , Liu Cang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe interior permanent magnet synchronous motor traction system of rail vehicles usually needs to run above base speed. It is necessary to implement high‐efficiency flux weakening control of the traction motor. This paper presents one single current regulation square wave strategy, which can improve the dynamic performance of the flux weakening control of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor traction system. By proposing a novel switching criterion and the modulation method, smooth switching between the maximum torque per ampere control below base speed and the square wave control above base speed can be realized. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Robust fault‐tolerant design for LC‐coupling hybrid active power filter
Authors: Yuan Lv , Lei Wang , Kai Zhang , Wei Tian , Jiawen Yu , Bing Gao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an open‐circuit fault‐tolerant topology of LC‐coupling hybrid active power filter (LC‐HAPF) and its control strategy are proposed at the switch level, which can greatly improve the reliability of the system. The proposed structure has a contactor between the midpoint of each bridge arm and the negative bus of the dc‐link capacitor. When a single‐phase fault occurs, the proposed LC‐HAPF can be reconstructed into a three‐phase four‐switch system to compensate for the harmonic and reactive power, while the power quality compensation effect is hardly affected. When a two‐phase fault occurs, the operation of the normal bridge arm is not affected, and the two faulty bridge arms can suppress harmonic current and compensate for a fixed reactive power through the passive filters. When the bridge arms all fail, the whole device acts as a passive filter to suppress the harmonic current of the load and to compensate for reactive power as well. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed topology and its control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment results.
A comparative study of combined cycles for concentrated solar power for efficient power generation using low Global Warming Potential (GWP) fluids to reduce environmental effects
Authors: Khan Yunis , Caliskan Hakan , Hong Hiki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA comparative analysis of a combined system comprising organic Rankine cycles (ORC) and supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles for concentrated solar power (CSP) applications was performed in the article. Low global warming potential (GWP) fluids were used to investigate strategies for reducing the effects on global warming. In the current study, four different combinations of the sCO2 cycles and ORC, including basic recuperated, pre‐compression, recompression with main compressor intercooling, and partial cooling, were taken into consideration, and their performances with regard to CSP application were compared. The integrated recompression with main compressor intercooling and ORC arrangement was seen to operate thermodynamically more efficient than the other considered configurations. This configuration's highest thermal and exergy efficiencies were discovered to be 51.9% and 55.84%, respectively, and R1243zf was found to be the best‐performing fluid among other considered low GWP fluids to reduce the environmental effects.
Ship HRRP target recognition against decoy jamming based on CNN‐BiLSTM‐SE model
Authors: Wu Lingang , Hu Shengliang , Xu Jianghu , Liu Zhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to the thinner resolution range of broadband radar, ship recognition issues arise such that minor fluctuations within the targeted area significantly affect the high‐resolution range profile (HRRP) of ships. Especially in the presence of reflector decoys around the surroundings of a ship, the HRRP of mixed targets might take a vastly different shape than of single ship, which makes it difficult to capture the effective features for ship identification. This article proposes a novel radar target recognition model based on parallel neural networks. The framework of this model consists of two stages: the data preprocessing and the parallel neural network. The data preprocessing stage effectively solves the sensitivity issue of HRRP and maps one‐dimensional HRRP into a two‐dimensional image. The second stage employs CNN and bidirectional LSTM to extract overall envelope features and temporal features, respectively. The parallel features are then processed by the Squeeze Excitation (SE) block to enhance critical information. The experimental results, based on HRRP data from mixed targets of ships and reflector decoys, demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other methods in recognition performance and is quite robust against small sample sets, high noise, and large amounts of decoy jamming.
Führen im Doppelpack
Authors: Ottenbreit Franziska 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Kliniken stehen seit Jahren vor der Herausforderung, sich anzupassen, neu aufzustellen und durch Weiterentwicklung und Innovation den Anforderungen nachzukommen. Auch an der Pflege gehen diese Prozesse nicht vorbei. Pflegesituationen werden komplexer und die originären Pflegetätigkeiten weiten sich, im Sinne der Professionalisierung, aus.
Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones Using a Catalytic Pairing of a Nitroxide and Nitric Acid
Authors: Leadbeater Nicholas E. , Sharma Manisha , Sandoval Arturo León 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA methodology for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones is presented. The approach employs catalytic quantities of a nitroxide and nitric acid, with no additives or metal catalysts being required. It proves effective for a range of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic alcohol substrates, the desired products being formed in good to excellent yield. In the case of primary alcohols, the oxidation can be stopped at the aldehyde without concomitant formation of the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Management of Brain Metastases: A Review of Novel Therapies
Authors: Bellur Shreyas , Khosla Atulya Aman , Ozair Ahmad , Kotecha Rupesh , McDermott Michael W. , Ahluwalia Manmeet S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBrain metastases (BMs) represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults, and most commonly originate from lung, followed by breast, melanoma, kidney, and colorectal cancer. Management of BM is individualized based on the size and number of brain metastases, the extent of extracranial disease, the primary tumor subtype, neurological symptoms, and prior lines of therapy. Until recently, treatment strategies were limited to local therapies, like surgical resection and radiotherapy, the latter in the form of whole-brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery. The next generation of local strategies includes laser interstitial thermal therapy, magnetic hyperthermic therapy, post-resection brachytherapy, and focused ultrasound. New targeted therapies and immunotherapies with documented intracranial activity have transformed clinical outcomes. Novel systemic therapies with intracranial utility include new anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors like brigatinib and ensartinib; selective “rearranged during transfection” inhibitors like selpercatinib and pralsetinib; B-raf proto-oncogene inhibitors like encorafenib and vemurafenib; Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene inhibitors like sotorasib and adagrasib; ROS1 gene rearrangement (ROS1) inhibitors, anti-neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase agents like larotrectinib and entrectinib; anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 agent like poziotinib; and antibody–drug conjugates like trastuzumab-emtansine and trastuzumab-deruxtecan. This review highlights the modern multidisciplinary management of BM, emphasizing the integration of systemic and local therapies.
Place of Plasma Argon Coagulation in the Treatment of Vascular Abnormalities of the Digestive Tract in Adults
Authors: Mrabti Samir , Benhamdane Ahlame , Sair Asmae , Addajou Tarik , Berrida Réda , Sentissi Sara , Koti Ilham , Rouibaa Fedoua , Benkirane Ahmed , Seddik Hassan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of our study is to evaluate the value of Argon Plasma Coagulation in the treatment of gastrointestinal vascular abnormalities.
Patients and methods This is a descriptive and analytical retrospective study, from January 2009 to September 2020. 198 patients who have benefited from treatment with Argon Plasma Coagulation for vascular anomalies of the digestive tract divided into 2 groups:-Group A: Patients with radial rectitis lesions (n = 107).-Group B: Patients with lesions of digestive angiodysplasia (n = 91).
Results The mean age of our patients was 64.95 ± 9.88 years [43 - 83] in group A, while in group B the mean age was 65.19 ± 14.29 years [40 - 91] with a clear male predominance in 72.5%. The majority of patients in group A were followed for prostate cancer in 33,8%, and 26.3% of patients in group B had chronic renal failure, followed by stomach cancer in 15.8%, and esophageal cancer in 10.5%. Clinical symptomatology was dominated by rectories in 40.2% in group A versus 46.8% in group B. Rectal involvement was dominated in group A in 98.1%, whereas in group B the lesions were mainly located in the stomach in 60.5%. The endoscopic evolution was favorable in all our patients with a clear improvement of rectal lesions and digestive angiodysplasia lesions. The total complication rate in our series was nil.
Conclusion Plasma Argon coagulation is a very effective method in the endoscopic treatment of digestive haemorrhages with good tolerability and a low complication rate.
Development of a Low-Cost Simulator for Training in Hemorrhoidal Ligation
Authors: Cunha Carlos Magno Queiroz da , Costa João Víctor Liberalino , Pessoa Maria Valquídia Nogueira , Vidal Lavier Kelvin Holanda , Veras Lara Burlamaqui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction Rubber band ligation is a minimally invasive outpatient hemorrhoid treatment with low cost, low complication rates, and rapid realization. It is performed with the aid of an anoscope and uses a rubber ring that surrounds the hemorrhoidal nipple, causing compression of the vascular structures of the tissue, leading to necrosis and remission of the hemorrhoid. No device for training this essential procedure for treating this pathology has been identified in the literature. Therefore, we aim to develop a low-cost simulator for training hemorrhoidal rubber ligation.
Methods The model was constructed using PVC pipe wrapped in neoprene fabric. Hemorrhoidal nipples and the pectineal line were also simulated using fabric and sewing threads. The procedure is performed with conventional anoscope and ligature forceps.
Conclusion The device in question is a low-cost simulation model designed to train the skills required to perform a rubber band ligation and review the basic anatomy of the anal canal during anoscopy. Given these qualities, the model can be used for academic training due to its low cost and simplicity of application.
Hip Valgus Osteotomy in Presence of Ipsilateral Femoral Retrograde Nail: A Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Nageeb , Echeverry-Martinez Maria F. , Horwitz Daniel S 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHip valgus osteotomy for femoral neck nonunion is a widely popular procedure with high success rates. In the setting of multiply injured patients, with concomitant femoral neck and shaft fractures, a potentially higher incidence of femoral neck nonunion rates may call for a hip valgus osteotomy in the presence of an existing retrograde intramedullary nail, which has not been reported in literature. We revisit the preoperative planning and describe the surgical technique of hip valgus osteotomy in a case of a nonunion of a femoral neck fracture after previous fixation of concomitant femoral shaft and femoral neck fractures using retrograde femoral nail and dynamic hip screw, respectively. Hip valgus osteotomy can be done proximal to a preexisting retrograde femoral nail with careful planning, without limiting the surgical technique or affecting the clinical outcomes, and when using combined fixation for neck shaft fractures certain technical features must be considered.