bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in Denmark: tracing patient zero and viral characterization
Authors: Ryt-Hansen Pia , Johansen Victoria Kyhl , Cuicani Marta Maria , Larsen Lars Erik , Hansen Sanni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) causes respiratory disease in horses, and the virus is considered endemic in the global equine population. However, outbreaks can occur when several horses are gathered in relation to shows, competitions, breeding units and at hospitals. In the spring year 2022, an EHV-4 outbreak occurred at the Large Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nine horses were tested EHV-4 positive during the outbreak, which lasted approx. seven weeks. In addition, a tenth horse “Eq10” tested EHV-4 positive almost three weeks after the last of the outbreak horses tested positive. Detailed clinical registrations were obtained from all ten horses as well as their location and movement during hospitalization. Nasal swabs were obtained throughout the outbreak and tested by real-time qPCR for EHV-4. Additionally, pre- and post-infection sera were tested for the presence of EHV-4 antibodies. Selected samples were characterized by partial and full genome sequencing.
Results: The most common clinical signs of the EHV-4 infected horses during this outbreak were pyrexia, nasal discharge, mandibular lymphadenopathy and increased lung sounds upon auscultation. Based on the locations of the horses, EHV-4 detection and antibody responses the most likely “patient zero” was identified as being “Eq1”. Partial genome sequencing revealed that Eq10 was infected by another wild type EHV-4 strain, suggesting that the hospital was able to eliminate the outbreak by testing and reinforcing biosecurity measures. The complete genome sequence of the outbreak strain was obtained and revealed a closer relation to Australian and Japanese EHV-4 strains rather than to other European EHV-4 strains.
Conclusion: The study illustrated the transmission of EHV-4 within an equine facility/hospital and provided new insights into the viral shedding, antibody responses and clinical signs related to EHV-4 infections. Finally, sequencing proved a useful tool in understanding the transmission within the hospital, and in characterizing of the outbreak strain.
Uterine Fibroids allied protein lockage; An endpoint for medicinal compounds target via the computer-aided route to evade myomectomy
Authors: Olowosoke Christopher Busayo , Eze Chioma Joy , Munir Aqsa , Dada Olusola Olatunde , Omolabake Kehinde Esther , Oke Grace Ayomide , Ibisanmi Tope Abraham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Beyond the pains of pregnancy, miscarriages and other child-bearing risks associated with the pride of motherhood, Uterine fibroids (UFs) are another significant reproductive age detriment in women’s health. These tumours are often challenging to detect in the early stage until they become large outgrowth which always requires surgical removal to mitigate risks. However, with the understanding of alteration in the complex signalling pathways, specific proteins connected in this rapid outgrown have been identified, and some studies have been reported on dietary phytochemicals’ potency to halt the growth. Consequently, this computer-aided study explores this class of phytochemicals as inhibitors of five specific UFs targets (estrogen receptor protein (ESR), epidermal growth factor receptor protein (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), progesterone receptor (PGR), and Yes1 Associated protein (YAP1)). During the screening, the gene-disease association revealed a correlation between these proteins to six reproductive conditions including UFs with a 0 to 1 evidence index. The molecular docking and molecular mechanics’ free energy combined with Generalized Born and surface area showed comparable close points in the regression line supporting the binding affinity of dietary phytochemicals to the mapped proteins’ active site. Overall, more than 50% of the phytochemicals exhibit good pharmacokinetic, drug-likeness and ADMET profiles as compared to the standard drugs and co-ligands. Hence, their PASS bioactivity supports anti-cancer potential with a good Pa > Pi ratio, and they have stable and less reactivity from the quantum mechanical calculation. Ultimately, these phytochemicals are proposed for further experimental evaluation for efficacy in managing and treating UFs.
Developing a prediction model for HELLP syndrome through data mining
Authors: Farajollahi Boshra , Sayadi Mohammadjavad , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Ajori Ladan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
HELLP syndrome represents three complications of hemolysis, increased liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Since the causes and pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome are not yet fully known and well understood, distinguishing it from other pregnancy-related disorders is complicated. Furthermore, late diagnosis leads to a delay in treatment, which challenges the disease management. In this paper we aimed to present a machine learning attitude for diagnosing of HELLP syndrome based on non-invasive parameters.
Method
We conducted this cross-sectional study on 384 patients in Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during 2010–2021 in four stages. In the first stage data elements were identified using literature review and Delphi method. Then patient records were gathered and in the third stage the dataset was preprocessed and prepared for modelling. Finally, machine learning models including network-based algorithms (Multilayer Perceptron, Deep Learning), ensemble algorithms (Random Forest and Adaboost) and classic algorithms (Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor) were implemented and their evaluation metrics were compared.
Results
21 variables were included in this study after the first stage. Among all the machine learning algorithms MLP and Deep Learning had the best performance with the F1-Score of more than 99%. Based on the modeling output, some variables such as Platelet, Gestational-age, and ALT, were found to be the most important on diagnosis of HELLP syndrome.
Conclusion
This study showed that machine learning algorithms can be used very successfully in the development of HELLP syndrome diagnosis models. This study also showed that Biomarker features have the greatest impact on the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome.
Efficacy and safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Shugan-Hewei Decoction) combined with vonoprazan for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A study protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Qinwei , Han Ming , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhang Nan , Li Jingjing , Xu Tingting , Wang Yi , Wang Hongwei , Fang Shengquan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (rGERD) therapy is always lack of effective treatment in recent medical procedures. The potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) vonoprazan has greater potency of acid inhibition than PPIs. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) Shugan-Hewei Decoction (SHD) has also demonstrated its efficacy in relieving symptoms and improving quality of life, but data on its efficacy combined with vonoprazan for rGERD are limited. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SHD combined with vonoprazan in the treatment of rGERD.
Methods and analysis:
This is a pilot, randomized, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial. A total of 124 participants will be allocated to the SHD group and control group randomly. The SHD group will receive SHD granules with vonoprazan (20mg/day). The control group will receive vonoprazan (20mg/day) plus an SHD granule placebo. Each group will be treated for 8 weeks. The primary outcome of the study is the score of the gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life questionnaire (GERD-Q). Secondary outcomes include healing rate, Acid exposure time (AET), oesophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM), frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG), evaluation criteria of TCM syndrome efficacy, SF-36 quality of life scale (SF-36) and somatization symptom checklist (SSS). This trial aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of SHD combined with vonoprazan in the treatment of rGERD.
Ethics and dissemination:
This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Human Research of Yueyang Hospital (approval number:2022-050). We will report the results of this study in a peer-reviewed journal and academic conference.
Trial registration: ChiCTR2200061651, Registered 30 June 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=171492
Ophthalmological signs and sensorimotor evaluation in mitochondrial diseases: a multidisciplinary prospective study
Authors: Savino Gustavo , Giannuzzi Federico , Cima Valentina , Brando Davide , Fossataro Claudia , Servidei Serenella , Savastano Maria Cristina , Primiano Guido 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background. Primary mitochondrial myopathies (PMM) are disorders that involve defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and impair mainly, but not exclusively, skeletal muscles. Progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), eyelid ptosis, exercise intolerance and skeletal muscle weakness are the most common symptoms of myopathy in mitochondrial diseases, impairing ocular motility and visual abilities.
Methods. Twenty-five patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ptosis evaluation, dilated fundus examination, and orthoptic examinations, including cover and cover-uncover test, ocular motility analysis, fusional amplitude (FA) vergence for near and for distance, Bagolini striated glasses test (BSGs) and Worth four-dot lights test (WFDT).
Results. Mean age at evaluation was of 47,2±16.07 years. Twenty-two (88%) out of 25 patients had a PEO disease, while three (12%) of them a Kearn-Sayre syndrome (KSS). Ocular motility impairment was found in 92% of the population. Fifteen patients (60%) didn’t complain of double vision in casual seeing condition despite some of them showed manifest strabismus both at far (53%) and at near (60%). A compensation sensorial mechanism, mainly suppression, was detected through sensory tests. The near and distance fusional capabilities in convergence and in divergence (CFAs and DFAs) were absent in 68 and 72% of the whole sample respectively. PEO manifests at an older age than KSS (p=0.003), diplopia does not correlate with disease duration (p=0.06) and no predictive factors for diplopia can be identified.
Conclusions. A significant number of patients not complaining of double vision in casual seeing state showed manifest or latent/manifest strabismus at FAoD and NAoD. Most strabismic patients had a monocular suppression or alternate diplopia and suppression at sensory tests (BSGs and WFDT). The pathophysiology of these sensory adaptations in an adult visual system can only be hypothesized. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for proper clinical management and to analyze an understand clinical features pathogenesis.
The effectiveness of surfactant in enhancing the thermophysical properties of MWCNTs/crude oil nanofluid in the EOR process
Authors: Bagheri Hamid , Mousavi Seyed Borhan , Nami Shamin Hosseini , Heris Saeed Zeinali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research delved into the effects of introducing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into crude oil with an anionic base, aiming to enhance its thermophysical attributes in the EOR process. The investigation encompassed a range of properties, including interfacial tension, viscosity, density, and electrical conductivity, measured using an LV rheometer with spindle 18. Various ratios of MWCNTs and SDS were mixed with the crude oil to evaluate their impacts. The study uncovered that the 1:1 ratio of MWCNTs to SDS achieved a noteworthy 10% reduction in interfacial tension while minimally affecting viscosity, showing promise for practical applications. Temperature had diverse effects on viscosity and interfacial tension, displaying fluctuating trends. The highest observed result was a substantial 190% viscosity increase at 40°C with a 2:1 ratio, whereas the lowest was a slight − 0.81% density change at 60°C for the 1:1 ratio. Additionally, interfacial tension consistently decreased over time for all ratios at various temperatures, with the most significant reductions observed at 40°C and 60°C, particularly for the 1:2 and 1:1 ratios. Furthermore, adding MWCNTs and SDS led to a remarkable drop in electrical conductivity, indicating a substantial decrease in salt content within the crude oil. However, it was noted that higher MWCNT concentrations might not be cost-effective, emphasizing the importance of optimizing additive ratios for a balance between performance and economic viability. This study highlights the potential of tailored nanofluid formulations to improve the thermophysical properties of crude oil, potentially enhancing extraction and refining processes.
Road rage: impacts of a major highway on wildlife in India’s largest tiger reserve
Authors: Aditya Vikram , Pasul Yogesh , Ghosh Deyatima 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Roads passing through protected areas are a major barrier to wildlife movement, their spatiotemporal activity patterns, species interactions and habitat use. Roads can thus impact larger ecological processes, with long term consequences for ecosystems. Varying intensities of traffic movement at different hours of the day can varyingly impact mammal occurrence and consequently, influence animal behaviour with long term implications for human-wildlife conflicts. Altered mammal activity in many instances leads to increased mortalities for both humans and wildlife. Here, we assess the impact of vehicular traffic on mammal occurrence, density, and richness in the Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR), India’s largest Tiger Reserve situated in the Nallamala ranges of the central Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. We used camera traps placed along a National Highway (NH 765) and a relatively undisturbed forest trail (PT) inside the forest to assess the impact of the NH on mammals. We recorded 16 species of mammals using the NH and the surrounding habitat, including endangered and threatened species such as Tiger, Leopard, Sambar, and Dhole. Carnivore richness was significantly higher on the PT than on the NH, and away from the NH than on it. Overall, mammal density was higher on the NH, largely due to higher abundance of herbivores. This study provides the first insights into the impacts of roads on the density and richness of mammals inside a tiger reserve in the largely neglected Eastern Ghats. Our work generates baseline information on the kind of impacts that road building and widening projects, an increasing threat to protected areas globally, can have on mammals.
Turbulent, Rossby, rogue and explosive nonlinear waves in plasma at Titan’ s ionosphere
Authors: Alharthi N. S. , Tolba R. E. , Moslem W.M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

A nonlinear theory of rogue, rossby and explosive structures is discussed in the ionosphere of Titan. A potential role of the solar wind interaction with the upper Titan’s ionosphere is examined. We used a hydrodynamic ‡uid approach for the plasma ions in the upper ionosphere of Titan, combining with the solar wind electrons and protons. A bilinear method is applied to solve the evolution equation analytically, as well as a numerical analysis is performed to examine the characteristics of the plasma electric potential. It is found that the phase velocity of the propagating wave is only subsonic. Furthermore, there is a small window of phase velocity that the waves cannot propagate. Increasing the solar wind proton number density and solar wind electron temperature concentrate a reasonable amount of energy that lead to enhance the pulses amplitude. However, the solar wind electron number density sucks the energy from the plasma leading to make the pulses amplitude dwarf. The solar wind proton temperatureand streaming velocity have not a remarkable feature on the pulses pro le.
Intestinal persistence of Bifidobacterium infantis is determined by interaction of host genetics and antibiotic exposure
Authors: Wang Yiming , Choo Jocelyn M , Richard Alyson C , Papanicolas Lito E , Wesselingh Steve L , Taylor Steven L , Rogers Geraint B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Probiotics have gained significant attention as a potential strategy to improve health by modulating host-microbe interactions, particularly in situations where the normal microbiota has been disrupted. However, evidence regarding their efficacy has been inconsistent, with considerable inter-individual variability in response. We aimed to explore whether a common genetic variant that affects the production of mucosal α(1, 2)-fucosylated glycans, present in around 20% of the population, could explain the observed interpersonal differences in the persistence of commonly used probiotics.
Methods
A mouse model in which littermates varied in their ability to secrete α(1, 2)-fucosylated glycans (Fut2WT or Fut2KO) was utilised to explore the abundance and persistence of three common strains of probiotic Bifidobacterium species (infantis, breve and bifidum). Fut2WT and Fut2KO mice were gavaged daily for 5 days with either B. infantis, B. breve or B. bifidum, following either antibiotic pre-exposure or no antibiotic exposure. Stool and intestinal tissue were collected at defined periods throughout, and microbiota composition and bifidobacterial levels assessed. In vitro growth assays were performed on stool using media either supplemented with or without 2'-fucosyllactose.
Results
We observed significant differences in baseline gut microbiota characteristics between Fut2WT and Fut2KO littermates, with Fut2WT mice exhibiting enrichment of species able to utilise α(1, 2)-fucosylated glycans. Following antibiotic exposure, only Fut2WT animals showed persistent engraftment of Bifidobacterium infantis, a strain able to internalise α(1, 2)-fucosylated glycans, while B. breve and B. bifidum, which cannot internalise α(1, 2)-fucosylated glycans, did not exhibit this difference. In mice with an intact commensal microbiota, the relationship between secretor status and B. infantis persistence was reversed, with Fut2KO animals showing greater persistence compared to Fut2WT.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the interplay between a common genetic variation and antibiotic exposure plays a crucial role in determining the dynamics of B. infantis in the recipient gut, which could potentially contribute to the observed variation in response to this commonly used probiotic species.
DREXUNET: A novel Deep CNN Algorithm for drusen and exudates classification on fundus images
Authors: C Arunavinodhini , S Sabena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Glaucoma is a deadly illness that affects individuals globally and can lead to loss of vision, particularly in those over 40 to 60 years old, following cataracts. Timely treatment can be facilitated through early detection of diabetic retinopathy, which requires significant investment in screening programs, particularly automated ones. Identifying exudates is crucial for prompt diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Deep neural networks, a promising machine learning approach, have demonstrated remarkable success in various computer vision issues. This paper presents a novel convolutional neural network, DREXUNET, to classify drusen, exudate and normal regions in eye fundus images. DREXUNET focuses on reducing the overfitting based on the input data set size, reducing the Batch loss and validation loss, and reducing the number of exponentially growing computation and time. The proposed model has been tested and validated in two different datasets of different sizes. The proposed model has been compared with pretrained models such as Alexnet, Googlenet, Densenet, VGG16 and Squeezenet. The outcome demonstrates that the drexunet model proposed surpasses pretrained models with a 97.50\% precision, 98.22\% recall, 98.54\% F1 score, 90.79\% sensitivity, 91.21\% specificity, and a 0.0779 loss.
EuCARE-HOSPITALISED Study Protocol: A Cohort Study of Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19 in the EuCARE Project
Authors: Hedberg Pontus , Varisco Benedetta , Bai Francesca , Sönnerborg Anders , Naucler Pontus , Pfeifer Nico , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca , Naumovas Daniel , Drobniewski Francis , Jensen Björn-Erik Ole , Toscano Cristina , Parczewski Miłosz , Quintanares Gibran Horemheb Rubio , Mwau Matilu , Pinto Jorge A. , Incardona Francesca , Mommo Chiara , Marchetti Giulia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can lead to hospitalisation, particularly in elderly, immunocompromised, and non-vaccinated or partially vaccinated individuals. Although vaccination provides protection, the duration of this protection wanes over time. Additional doses can restore immunity, but the influence of viral variants, specific sequences, and vaccine-induced immune responses on disease severity remains unclear. Moreover, the efficacy of therapeutic interventions during hospitalisation requires further investigation. The study aims to analyse the clinical course of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients, taking into account SARS-CoV-2 variants, viral sequences, and the impact of different vaccines. The primary outcome is all-cause in-hospital mortality, while secondary outcomes include admission to intensive care unit and length of stay, duration of hospitalisation, and the level of respiratory support required.
Methods.
This ongoing multicentre study observes hospitalised adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, utilising a combination of retrospective and prospective data collection. It aims to gather clinical and laboratory variables from around 35,000 patients, with potential for a larger sample size. Data analysis will involve biostatistical and machine-learning techniques. Selected patients will provide biological material. The study started on October 14, 2021 and is scheduled to end on October 13, 2026.
Discussion.
The analysis of a large sample of retrospective and prospective data about the acute phase of SARS CoV-2 infection in hospitalised patients, viral variants and vaccination in several European and non-European countries will help us to better understand risk factors for disease severity and the interplay between SARS CoV-2 variants, immune responses and vaccine efficacy. The main strengths of this study are the large sample size, the long study duration covering different waves of COVID-19 and the collection of biological samples that allows future research.
Registration
. The trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The unique identifier assigned to this trial is NCT05463380.