bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Certified real‐time solution of the parametrized steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations: rigorous reduced‐basis a posteriori error bounds
Authors: Veroy K. , Patera A. T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe present a technique for the evaluation of linear‐functional outputs of parametrized elliptic partial differential equations in the context of deployed (in service) systems. Deployed systems require real‐time and certified output prediction in support of immediate and safe (feasible) action. The two essential components of our approach are (i) rapidly, uniformly convergent reduced‐basis approximations, and (ii) associated rigorous and sharp a posteriori error bounds; in both components we exploit affine parametric structure and offline–online computational decompositions to provide real‐time deployed response. In this paper we extend our methodology to the parametrized steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations.We invoke the Brezzi–Rappaz–Raviart theory for analysis of variational approximations of non‐linear partial differential equations to construct rigorous, quantitative, sharp, inexpensive a posteriori error estimators. The crucial new contribution is offline–online computational procedures for calculation of (a) the dual norm of the requisite residuals, (b) an upper bound for the ‘L4(Ω)‐H1(Ω)’ Sobolev embedding continuity constant, (c) a lower bound for the Babuška inf–sup stability ‘constant,’ and (d) the adjoint contributions associated with the output. Numerical results for natural convection in a cavity confirm the rapid convergence of the reduced‐basis approximation, the good effectivity of the associated a posteriori error bounds in the energy and output norms, and the rapid deployed response. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Lagrangian level‐set approach for the simulation of incompressible two‐fluid flows
Authors: Sousa F. S. , Mangiavacchi N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA Lagrangian level‐set method to solve incompressible two‐dimensional two‐fluid flows is presented. The Navier–Stokes equations are discretized by a Galerkin finite element method. A projection method is employed to decouple the system of non‐linear equations. The interface between fluids is represented by the zero level set of a function ϕ plus additional marker points of the computational mesh. In the standard Eulerian level‐set method, this function is advected through the domain by solving a pure advection equation. To reduce mass conservation errors that can arise from this step, our method employs a Lagrangian technique which moves the nodes of the finite element mesh, and consequently, the information stored in each node. The quality of the mesh is controlled by a remeshing procedure, avoiding bad triangles by flipping edges, inserting or removing vertices from the triangulation. Results of numerical simulations are presented, illustrating the improvements in mass conservation and accuracy of this new methodology. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast tumor cell soluble factors induce monocytes to produce angiogenic but not angiostatic CXC chemokines
Authors: Toulza Frédéric , Eliaou Jean‐François , Pinet Valérie 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTumor cells are known to interact closely with nontumoral infiltrating cells in order to grow and proliferate. Monocyte‐derived cells constitute a major component of the tumoral infiltrate and a high level of these cells has been associated with increased tumor growth and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. For their growth and metastatic propagation, solid tumors are dependant on angiogenesis and accumulated evidences suggest that monocyte‐derived cells could also play an important role in this phenomenon. However, the precise nature of proangiogenic factors secreted by these cells in breast carcinomas, and their direct influence on vessel formation, has not been determined. In the present study, we show that soluble factors secreted by breast tumor cells induce monocytes to produce a variety of proangiogenic CXC chemokines without secretion of angiostatic CXC chemokines. Using in vitro tubule formation in Matrigel, we demonstrated that the CXC chemokines secreted by MTSs (monocytes cultured with tumor cell supernatants) were able to induce microvessel formation. The profile of secreted CXC chemokines was characteristic for each tumor cell line or fresh tumor cells. This last result points out that a precise profiling of secreted proangiogenic factors inside the tumor, by tumor cells themselves or tumor‐infiltrating monocyte‐derived cells, is important for a precise targeting of therapeutic agents against neovascularization. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and localization of human multidrug resistance protein (ABCC) family members in pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: König Jörg , Hartel Mark , Nies Anne T. , Martignoni Marc E. , Guo Junchao , Büchler Markus W. , Friess Helmut , Keppler Dietrich 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is among the top 10 causes of death from cancer in industrialized countries. In comparison with other gastrointestinal malignancies, pancreatic cancer is one of the tumors most resistant to chemotherapy. An important mechanism of tumor multidrug resistance is increased drug efflux mediated by several transporters of the ABC superfamily. Especially BCRP (ABCG2), MDR1 P‐glycoprotein (ABCB1) and members of the MRP (ABCC) family are important in mediating drug resistance. The MRP family consists of 9 members (MRP1–MRP9) with MRP1–MRP6 being best characterized with respect to protein localization and substrate selectivity. Here, we quantified the mRNA expression of BCRP and of all MRP family members in normal human pancreas and pancreatic carcinoma and analyzed the mRNA level of the transporters most abundantly expressed in pancreatic tissue, BCRP, MRP1, MRP3, MRP4 and MRP5, in 37 tissue samples. In addition, we determined the localization of the 4 MRP proteins in normal human pancreas and in pancreatic carcinoma. The expression of BCRP, MRP1 and MRP4 mRNA did not correlate with tumor stage or grading. On the other hand, the expression of MRP3 mRNA was upregulated in pancreatic carcinoma samples and was correlated with tumor grading. The MRP5 mRNA level was significantly higher in pancreatic carcinoma tissue compared to normal pancreatic tissue. These data suggest that MRP3 and MRP5 are involved in drug resistance of pancreatic tumors and that quantitative analysis of their expression may contribute to predict the benefit of chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anginex synergizes with radiation therapy to inhibit tumor growth by radiosensitizing endothelial cells
Authors: Dings Ruud P.M. , Williams Brent W. , Song Chang W. , Griffioen Arjan W. , Mayo Kevin H. , Griffin Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe have demonstrated that the designed peptide anginex displays potent antiangiogenic activity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of anginex on established tumor vasculature as an adjuvant to radiation therapy of solid tumors. In the MA148 human ovarian carcinoma athymic mouse model, anginex (10 mg/kg) in combination with a suboptimal dose of radiation (5 Gy once weekly for 4 weeks) caused tumors to regress to an impalpable state. In the more aggressive SCK murine mammary carcinoma model, combination of anginex and a single radiation dose of 25 Gy synergistically increased the delay in tumor growth compared to the tumor growth delay caused by either treatment alone. Immunohistochemical analysis also demonstrated significantly enhanced effects of combined treatment on tumor microvessel density and tumor or endothelial cell proliferation and viability. In assessing physiologic effects of anginex, we observed a reduction in tumor perfusion and tumor oxygenation in SCK tumors after 5–7 daily treatments with anginex with no reduction in blood pressure. To test anginex as a radiosensitizer, additional studies using SCK tumors were performed. Three daily i.p. injections of anginex were able to enhance the effect of 2 radiation doses of 10 Gy, resulting in 50% complete responses, whereas the known antiangiogenic agent angiostatin did not enhance the radiation response of SCK tumors. Mechanistically, it appears that anginex functions as an endothelial cell‐specific radiosensitizer because anginex showed no effect on in vitro radiosensitivity of SCK or MA148 tumor cells, whereas anginex significantly enhanced the in vitro radiosensitivity of 2 endothelial cell types. This work supports the idea that the combination of the antiangiogenic agent anginex and radiation may lead to improved clinical outcome in treating cancer patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational X‐ray examinations and lung cancer risk
Authors: Boffetta Paolo , Mannetje Andrea't , Zaridze David , Szeszenia‐Dabrowska Neonila , Rudnai Peter , Lissowska Jolanta , Fabiánová Eleonóra , Mates Dana , Bencko Vladimir , Navratilova Marie , Janout Vladimir , Cardis Elisabeth , Fevotte Joelle , Fletcher Tony , Brennan Paul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOccupational X‐ray examination programs have been conducted in many countries to screen for occupational and nonoccupational respiratory diseases, resulting in widespread exposure to X‐radiation. We conducted a multicentre case‐control study of lung cancer in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia and Slovakia, including 2,589 cases and 2,859 controls enrolled during 1998–2002. We collected detailed information on occupational X‐ray examinations, occupations and tobacco smoking. We calculated odds ratios of lung cancer via multiple logistic regression after adjustment for age, sex, center and tobacco smoking.Among controls 24.9% reported no X‐ray examination, 62.9% reported 1–30 examinations and 12.2% reported more than 30 examinations. When we chose individuals with no examination as the reference group, the odds ratios of lung cancer were 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.48), 1.33 (95% CI 1.08–1.64), 1.49 (95% CI 1.18–1.87), 1.52 (95% CI 1.17–1.99) and 2.15 (95% CI 1.50–3.08) for 1–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40 and more than 40 examinations, respectively (p‐value of test for linear trend <0.0001). The association between X‐ray examinations and lung cancer risk was strong in countries with low prevalence of exposure and absent in countries with high prevalence of exposure. Odds ratios for X‐ray examinations were lower among smokers than among nonsmokers. The magnitude of the increased risk observed is higher than expected on the basis of other studies of radiation‐exposed populations. Although the association we detected between X‐ray examinations and lung cancer risk may reflect a carcinogenic effect of repeated exposure to low‐level ionizing radiation, reporting bias and particularly uncontrolled confounding by occupational exposure to carcinogens are also likely explanations of the results. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of lymphangiogenic markers for predicting metastasis of human gastric carcinoma to lymph nodes
Authors: Kitadai Yasuhiko , Kodama Michiyo , Cho Songde , Kuroda Tsuyoshi , Ochiumi Takehiko , Kimura Shigeru , Tanaka Shinji , Matsumura Shunji , Yasui Wataru , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe spread of tumor cells to regional lymph nodes is an early event of gastric cancer metastasis. In our study, we assessed the expression of lymphangiogenic factors and lymphatic endothelial markers in gastric carcinoma tissues and compared expression levels with the status of lymph node metastasis. We also examined the correlation between lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in primary tumors and lymph node metastasis. Paired biopsy samples (tumor and corresponding normal mucosa) of gastric tissue were obtained from 39 patients with gastric carcinoma. The expression of VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, VEGFR‐3 and podoplanin mRNAs was assessed by real‐time quantitative PCR. The expression of VEGF‐C (but not of VEGF‐D) was significantly greater in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis. The expression of lymphatic endothelial markers VEGFR‐3 and podoplanin was also significantly greater in the node‐positive group. LVD, as assessed by immunohistochemistry for podoplanin, was correlated with lymph node metastasis. These results indicate that quantitative analysis of lymphangiogenic markers in gastric biopsy specimens may be useful in predicting metastasis of gastric cancer to regional lymph nodes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer in a high‐risk italian population
Authors: Palli Domenico , Saieva Calogero , Gemma Simonetta , Masala Giovanna , Gomez‐Miguel Maria Jesus , Luzzi Ida , D'Errico Mariarosaria , Matullo Giuseppe , Ozzola Giulio , Manetti Roberto , Nesi Gabriella , Sera Francesco , Zanna Ines , Dogliotti Eugenia , Testai Emanuela 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGlutathione S‐Transferases (GSTs) are a family of phase II enzymes involved in the detoxification of potential carcinogens and provided of a strong antioxidant function by neutralizing electrophiles and free radicals. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 isoenzymes exhibit deletion polymorphisms, resulting in a lack of activity, and the null genotypes have been associated with increased cancer risk at several sites, including the stomach, although with contrasting results. We carried out a case‐control study to evaluate whether these polymorphisms modulate the risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). Genotypes for GSTM1 and GSTT1 were obtained from a series of 175 histologically confirmed GC patients and a large series of 546 healthy controls randomly sampled from the general population of Tuscany, an area at high GC risk. No difference in the frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was observed between cases and controls, whereas the GSTT1 null genotype was more frequent among cases (p = 0.04). Multivariate single‐gene analyses adjusted for possible confounders showed that the GSTT1 null genotype, but not the GSTM1 null genotype, was associated with an increased GC risk. Combined‐genotype analyses showed a significantly increased GC risk only for the double null (GSTM1‐GSTT1) genotype (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.14–4.53). A statistically significant positive interaction between the 2 null genotypes was observed (p = 0.02). Our findings suggest that only subjects lacking both GSTM1 and GSTT1 activity are at increased GC risk. This study provides further support to the hypothesis that the risk of developing GC is influenced by inter‐individual variation in both carcinogen detoxification and antioxidant capacity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of hepatocellular carcinoma to soya food consumption: A cohort‐based, case‐control study in Japan
Authors: Sharp Gerald B. , Lagarde Frederic , Mizuno Terumi , Sauvaget Catherine , Fukuhara Toshiyuki , Allen Naomi , Suzuki Gen , Tokuoka Shoji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo determine if the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is reduced by consumption of soya foods, we conducted a case‐control study within a cohort of Japanese A‐bomb survivors. We compared the prediagnosis consumption of isoflavone‐rich miso soup and tofu to HCC risk, adjusting for hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viral infections, the major HCC risk factors in this population. The study included 176 pathologist‐confirmed cases of HCC diagnosed in 1964–1988 and 560 controls who died of diseases other than liver cancer. We examined dietary information collected at least 2 years before diagnosis or death and tissue‐based measures of viral hepatitis. Using logistic regression, crude ORs were 0.5 (95% CI 0.29–0.95) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.20–0.99) for high vs. low miso soup and tofu intake, respectively. Adjusting for year of birth, sex, HBV, HCV and other factors, the OR for miso soup was unchanged at 0.5 (95% CI 0.14–1.55), and miso results were similar when ORs were recalculated separately for earlier and later birth cohorts to assess consistency of results. The adjusted OR for tofu was 0.9 (95% CI 0.20–3.51). We also found a statistically significant (p < 0.0001) interaction between sex and HCV, with risk of HCC being substantially higher for women. We conclude that consumption of miso soup and other soya foods may reduce HCC risk. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in phenotype and function between spontaneously occurring melan‐A‐, tyrosinase‐ and influenza matrix peptide‐specific CTL in HLA‐A*0201 melanoma patients
Authors: Maczek Christian , Berger Thomas G. , Schuler‐Thurner Beatrice , Schultz Erwin S. , Hamann Anett , Dunbar P. Rod , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Steinkasserer Alexander , Schuler Gerold 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMelanoma‐specific T cells can occur spontaneously or in response to vaccination or other therapies, but the frequency is much lower than observed in viral infections. The presence of tumor‐specific T cells does not necessarily translate into clinical regressions for a variety of reasons such as an insufficient frequency, activation state or homing capacity of the T cells or escape strategies of the tumor. Having screened melanoma patients prior to inclusion in vaccination trials for spontaneous tumor‐specific T cells either by Elispot or tetramer‐staining, we have identified 3 patients with sufficient numbers of tumor‐reactive T cells to more than 1 TAA and at least 1 virus‐antigen to perform phenotypic and functional analysis directly ex vivo. These stage IV melanoma patients showed specific CTL against melan‐A.A2, tyrosinase.A2 and influenza matrix peptide (IMP).A2 readily detectable in peripheral blood. T‐cell receptor (TCR) staining using the tetramer technology was combined with phenotypic characterization and functional assays. In contrast to IMP‐specific CTL, melanoma‐specific CTL were predominantly terminally differentiated effector cells. However, analysis of melan‐A‐ and tyrosinase‐specific T‐cell lines showed that only a part of the melanoma‐specific CTL were able to lyse peptide‐loaded target cells. Interestingly, the described phenotypic and functional differences of melan‐A‐ and tyrosinase‐specific CTL appeared not only between patients but were also evident within patients, suggesting that the immune response against various tumor antigens is regulated independently. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐syndromic X‐linked mental retardation: From a molecular to a clinical point of view
Authors: Renieri A. , Pescucci C. , Longo I. , Ariani F. , Mari F. , Meloni I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis review focuses on the 19 identified genes involved in X‐linked “non‐syndromic” mental retardation (MR) and defines the signaling pathways in which they are involved, focusing on emerging common mechanisms. The majority of proteins are involved in three distinct pathways: (1) Rho GTPases pathway modulating neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity; (2) Rab GTPases pathway regulating synaptic vesicle cycling; (3) gene expression regulation. The function of four proteins (ACSL4, AT2, SLC6A8, and SAP102) could not be reconciled to a common pathway. From a clinical point of view, the review discusses whether some common dysmorphic features can be identified even in non‐syndromic MR patients and whether it is correct to maintain the distinction between “non‐syndromic” and “syndromic” MR. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medical informatics: Market for IS/IT
Authors: Morris Theodore Allan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFollowing on the lead from earlier pilot studies, the present work uses co‐occurrence analysis of INSPEC classification codes and thesaurus terms assigned to Medical Informatics journal articles and proceedings papers to reveal a more complete perspective of how information science and information technology authors view Medical Informatics. An important underlying dimension to this perspective portrays a continuum of interest from biophysics through biomechanics to biomedicine to (presumably) biology (which is noticeable in its absence). Medical Informatics may be described as the application of information science and information technology to the theoretical and practical problems of biomedical research, clinical practice, and medical education. However, study results suggest IS/IT considers its relationship to Medicine within Medical Informatics as that of supplier vs. market.
Laying the foundation for a virtual department
Authors: Barreau Deborah 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAdvances in telecommunications and networking have potentially as much to offer faculty and educational institutions as they offer to distance students in expanded opportunities and cost efficiency. While academic libraries often take advantage of networking to share a variety of resources and services, academic departments utilize the medium primarily to offer distance courses, collaborate on research, coordinate administrative functions, or to communicate with students and alumni. Distance programs expand a university's reach, but they have yet to challenge the structure of departments or to shift from the traditional paradigm of a “delivery” view of education (Brown and Duguid, 1998). This paper describes an experiment to create a virtual department for international scholars with similar interests who are somewhat out of the mainstream research areas in their own institutions. We describe briefly the evaluation of the project and some of the challenges of sustaining such communities, including the need for administrative support and adequate electronic resources.
Investigating the relationship between learning style preferences and teaching collaboration skills and technology: An exploratory study
Authors: Kim Seung‐Lye , Sonnenwald Diane H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper reports on an exploratory study that investigates the relationship between participants' learning style preferences and their perceptions of a professional workshop on collaboration and technology to support collaboration. The Learning Preference Scale‐Students (LPSS) (Owens & Barnes, 1992) was administered to identify participants' learning style preferences as cooperative, competitive and/or individualized. Using cluster analysis two groups, or categories, of learning style preferences among the participants emerged. Group 1 showed a strong preference for the cooperative learning style, and Group 2 showed a strong preference for competitive and cooperative learning styles. Group 1 rated the workshop more positively than Group 2. However, Group 2 reported a larger increase in self‐efficacy compared to those in Group 1 (18.9% vs. 6.0%). Both groups provided different suggestions regarding the content of the workshop. Group 1 suggested adding more discussions and group exercises, whereas Group 2 suggested adding explicit theory or rules to govern behavior. These findings indicate that learning styles should be considered as a potential variable that influences learning outcomes and preferences.