bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of serotonin metabolite 5‐HIAA and antisocial behavior
Authors: Moore Todd M. , Scarpa Angela , Raine Adrian 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDuring the past 25 years, researchers have examined the relationship between neurochemical variables and antisocial behavior in human adults, but none has been studied more intensely than the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA). The goal of the current study was to employ meta‐analytic procedures to quantitatively evaluate selected evidence on the relationship between 5‐HIAA and antisocial behavior. It was expected that antisocial groups would show reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5‐HIAA compared with non–antisocial groups. This study also aimed to assess moderators that could influence the relationship between 5‐HIAA and antisociality. An electronic search and strict inclusion criteria identified 20 reports used in this meta‐analysis. Results showed a significant overall mean effect size (ES = –.45, P < .05) in the direction of lowered 5‐HIAA in antisocial vs. non–antisocial groups. A significant moderating effect for age indicated that groups comprised of antisocial individuals younger than 30 years exhibited larger negative effect sizes (ES = –1.37, P < .05) than groups with older subjects (ES = –.31, P < .05). There were no moderating effects for gender, target of violence, history of suicide, and alcoholism. Age effects may help explain age‐related declines in crime. The fact that effects did not differ based on other moderating variables supports models of reduced serotonin in antisocial individuals, regardless of type of crime or psychiatric problems. Aggr. Behav. 28:299–316, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple model adaptive control with safe switching
Authors: Anderson Brian D. O. , Brinsmead Thomas , Liberzon Daniel , Stephen Morse A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to marry the two concepts of multiple model adaptive control and safe adaptive control. In its simplest form, multiple model adaptive control involves a supervisor switching among one of a finite number of controllers as more is learnt about the plant, until one of the controllers is finally selected and remains unchanged. Safe adaptive control is concerned with ensuring that when the controller is changed in an adaptive control algorithm, the frozen plant–controller combination is never (closed‐loop) unstable. This is a non‐trivial task since by definition of an adaptive control problem, the plant is not fully known. The proposed solution method involves a frequency‐dependent performance measure and employs the Vinnicombe metric. The resulting safe switching guarantees depend on the extent to which a closed‐loop transfer function can be accurately identified. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genetic search approach to unfalsified PI control design for a weigh belt feeder
Authors: Collins Emmanuel G. , Zhao Yanan , Millett Richard 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates an approach to automated PI tuning for an industrial weigh belt feeder that is based on unfalsified control concepts. Unfalsified control is used here as a means of using either open‐ or closed‐loop test data to identify a subset of controllers (from an initial set) that is not proved to violate the multiple objectives specified by the control engineer. A novel feature of the unfalsified approach is that it allows controllers to be eliminated from consideration by predicting their performance without actually inserting the controllers in the loop. In addition, this methodology does not require an explicit model. However, in practice, it does require some closed‐loop experimentation to determine the cost functions used to perform the unfalsification. When the unfalsified PI autotuning approach is applied to the industrial weigh belt feeder, it is able to successfully identify a subset of PI control laws that meets the performance specs. A key feature of this paper is the use of a genetic search algorithm to reduce the computational requirements of unfalsified control, especially when the initial set of controllers is large. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental investigation of polymer pellets melting mechanisms in corotating twin‐screw extrusion
Authors: Zhu Linjie , Geng Xiaozheng 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWith the visualization corotating twin‐screw extruder, the melting of HDPE pellets under different screw configurations and operational conditions was investigated on‐line. It is shown that the melting progression of polymer pellets in corotating twin‐screw extruders is different from that in single‐screw extruders. Screw configuration, screw speed, and feed rate are three decisive factors in polymer melting. Based on the melting phenomena, a new melting mechanism, island‐sea melting model, was defined. It was found that island‐sea melting model is an important mechanism to realize high efficiency melting progression. The state of polymer, the degree of fill, and the structure of kneading blocks are factors in determining the energy consumption of kneading blocks in melting zone. The conveying of polymer pellets in kneading blocks, in which pellets were compressed and deformed, consumed much more energy than the conveying of polymer melt. This indicates that the control of the deformation of polymer pellets in corotating twin‐screw extrusion is a useful concept in developing new screw elements for high efficiency polymer melting. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 188–200, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10021
Leukemia in relation to occupational exposures to benzene and other agents: A case‐control study nested in a cohort of gas and electric utility workers
Authors: Guénel Pascal , Imbernon Ellen , Chevalier Anne , Crinquand‐Calastreng Anne , Goldberg Marcel 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundMany occupational and environmental exposures have been implicated in the etiology of leukemia, but only a few, such as benzene, are well‐established leukemogens. The risk of leukemia in a large cohort of gas and electricity utility workers with exposures to several suspected or confirmed carcinogens was investigated.MethodsA case‐control study nested within the cohort was conducted, with 72 leukemia cases identified among male workers, and 285 controls matched to the cases by year of birth. Only cases, and their matched controls, active in the company at the date of diagnosis were included. Exposure assessment was based on a job‐exposure matrix (JEM) developed from expert judgment using a standardized procedure.ResultsThe risk of leukemia was increased in workers with an estimated cumulative exposure to benzene ≥ 16.8 ppm‐years (OR = 3.6; 95% CI 1.1–11.7), and there was an indication of a dose‐response relation (OR = 1.2; 95% CI 1.0–1.5 per 10 ppm‐years increase in exposure). The link with benzene was more pronounced for acute leukemia than for chronic leukemia, but no association with a particular leukemia cell type was apparent. The risk of leukemia remained elevated for latency periods of 2, 5, or 10 years.ConclusionsFrom our evaluation, it could be estimated that the median TWA exposure to benzene among exposed workers was 0.16 ppm, i.e., within concentration ranges where an increased leukemia risk was usually not apparent in previous epidemiological studies. Although an increased leukemia risk may be real, it may also be related to other occupational factors not totally controlled for in the analysis, or to benzene exposures actually higher than expected. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:87–97, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injury risks in children of California migrant Hispanic farm worker families
Authors: McCurdy Stephen A. , Samuels Steven J. , Carroll Daniel J. , Beaumont James J. , Morrin Lynne A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundFew data are available addressing occupational and other injury risks among children of migrant Hispanic farm workers.MethodsWe conducted the U.C. Davis Farm Worker Injury Study (UCD‐FWIS), a longitudinal follow‐up study of injury among migrant Hispanic farm worker families living in six Northern California Migrant Housing Centers (MHCs). Nine hundred forty‐one children (age < 18 years) were interviewed through parental proxy.ResultsFifty‐one injuries resulting in medical care or at least one‐half day of lost or restricted work or school time occurred among 49 children (3.8 injuries/100 person‐years). Open wounds (31.4%) and fractures (29.4%) were most common. Falls comprised over one‐third of the cases, followed by being struck and bicycle injuries. Over three‐quarters of subjects never use a helmet when riding a bicycle. Seventy‐eight (8.3%) children reported employment in the preceding year, typically involving manual agricultural tasks. Two injury cases were occupational and involved agricultural work.ConclusionsOccupational injury was uncommon in this group of children in migrant Hispanic farm worker families. Injury prevention in this population should include a focus on the home and surrounding environment as well as the work place. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:124–133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational risks and injuries in non‐agricultural immigrant Latino workers
Authors: Pransky Glenn , Moshenberg Daniel , Benjamin Katy , Portillo Silvia , Thackrey Jeffrey Lee , Hill‐Fotouhi Carolyn 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate occupational health in urban immigrant Latino workers, using a community‐based method.MethodsA survey was administered through consecutively selected door‐to‐door interviews.ResultsResponse rate was 80% (n = 427). Average time in the US was 7.6 years, and average job tenure was 2.8 years. Twenty‐five reported exposures to over 10 different hazards, and 18% thought these hazards had harmed their health. Only 31% received any job safety training; 55% had no workers' compensation coverage. Of the 47 (11%) with a work injury in the past 3 years, 27% reported difficulty obtaining treatment, 91% lost time from work (median = 13 days) and 29% had to change jobs because of the injury. The annual occupational injury rate was 12.2/100 full‐time workers, compared to an expected rate of 7.1.ConclusionsUrban immigrant workers have increased risk of occupational injuries, with adverse outcomes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:117–123, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carpal tunnel syndrome among apprentice construction workers
Authors: Rosecrance John C. , Cook Thomas M. , Anton Dan C. , Merlino Linda A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundIn terms of lost‐work time and restricted workdays, surgery, and rehabilitation, one of the most costly occupational musculoskeletal disorders is carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CTS among apprentice construction workers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included apprentices from four construction trades. Apprentices completed a self‐administered questionnaire and received electrophysiologic studies assessing median nerve function across the carpal tunnel. A surveillance case definition for CTS was based on characteristic hand symptoms and the presence of median mononeuropathy across the carpal tunnel.ResultsOf the 1,325 eligible apprentices, 1,142 (86.2%) participated in the study. The prevalence of CTS among apprentices was 8.2%; sheet metal workers had the highest rate (9.2%). In operating engineers, the prevalence of CTS was significantly higher (OR = 6.9; 95% CI = 2.6–18.2) among the heavy equipment mechanics than the drivers of those vehicles. Body mass index, age, and self‐reports of working overhead were associated with prevalent CTS. Less than 15% of the apprentices with CTS sought medical attention for their disorder.ConclusionsMany construction workers begin developing CTS before or during their apprenticeship. Few apprentices seek medical attention for hand symptoms characteristic of CTS. The results of this study indicate a public health need for the implementation of prevention strategies for CTS in the construction industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:107–116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of quantitative exposure data for a pooled exposure‐response analysis of 10 silica cohorts
Authors: 't Mannetje Andrea , Steenland Kyle , Checkoway Harvey , Koskela Riitta‐Sisko , Koponen Matti , Attfield Michael , Chen Jingqiong , Hnizdo Eva , DeKlerk Nicholas , Dosemeci Mustafa 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive quantitative silica exposure estimates over time, measured in the same units across a number of cohorts, would make possible a pooled exposure‐response analysis for lung cancer. Such an analysis would help clarify the continuing controversy regarding whether silica causes lung cancer.MethodsExisting quantitative exposure data for 10 silica‐exposed cohorts were retrieved from the original investigators. Occupation‐ and time‐specific exposure estimates were either adopted/adapted or developed for each cohort, and converted to milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3) respirable crystalline silica.ResultsQuantitative exposure assignments were typically based on a large number (thousands) of raw measurements, or otherwise consisted of exposure estimates by experts (for two cohorts). Median exposure level of the cohorts ranged between 0.04 and 0.59 mg/m3 respirable crystalline silica. Exposure estimates were partially validated via their successful prediction of silicosis in these cohorts.ConclusionsExisting data were successfully adopted or modified to create comparable quantitative exposure estimates over time for 10 silica‐exposed cohorts, permitting a pooled exposure‐response analysis. The difficulties encountered in deriving common exposure estimates across cohorts are discussed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:73–86, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cohort mortality study of Philadelphia firefighters
Authors: Baris Dalsu , Garrity Thomas J. , Telles Joel Leon , Heineman Ellen F. , Olshan Andrew , Zahm Shelia Hoar 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundFire fighters are exposed to a wide variety of toxic chemicals. Previous studies have reported excess risk of some cancers but have been limited by small numbers or little information on employment characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study among 7,789 Philadelphia firefighters employed between 1925 and 1986. For each cause of death, the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. We also compared mortality among groups of firefighters defined by the estimated number of career runs and potential for diesel exposure.ResultsIn comparison with U.S. white men, the firefighters had similar mortality from all causes of death combined (SMR = 0.96) and all cancers (SMR = 1.10). There were statistically significant deficits of deaths from nervous system diseases (SMR = 0.47), cerebrovascular diseases (SMR = 0.83), respiratory diseases (SMR = 0.67), genitourinary diseases (SMR = 0.54), all accidents (SMR = 0.72), and suicide (SMR = 0.66). Statistically significant excess risks were observed for colon cancer (SMR = 1.51) and ischemic heart disease (SMR = 1.09). The risks of mortality from colon cancer (SMR = 1.68), kidney cancer (SMR = 2.20), non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR = 1.72), multiple myeloma (SMR = 2.31), and benign neoplasms (SMR = 2.54) were increased among firefighters with at least 20 years of service.ConclusionsOur study found no significant increase in overall mortality among Philadelphia firefighters. However, we observed increased mortality for cancers of the colon and kidney, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. There was insufficient follow‐up since the introduction of diesel equipment to adequately assess risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:463–476, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An application of hierarchical regression in the investigation of multiple paternal occupational exposures and neuroblastoma in offspring*
Authors: De Roos Anneclaire J. , Poole Charles , Teschke Kay , Olshan Andrew F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundWe used hierarchical regression to study the effects of 46 paternal occupational exposures on the incidence of neuroblastoma in offspring.MethodsThe study population included 405 cases and 302 controls. The effect of each exposure was estimated using both conventional maximum likelihood and hierarchical regression.ResultsUsing hierarchical regression, overall precision was greatly enhanced compared to the conventional analysis. In addition, adjustment of effect estimates based on prespecified prior distributions of the true effect parameters allowed a more consistent interpretation across the entire panel of exposures. Estimates for several metals and solvents were shrunk close to the null value, whereas estimates for several thinner solvents, diesel fuel, solders, wood dust, and grain dust remained moderately elevated.ConclusionsHierarchical regression may mitigate some of the problems of the conventional approach by controlling for correlated exposures, enhancing the precision of estimates, and providing some adjustment of estimates based on prior knowledge. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:477–486, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methyl‐tertiary‐butyl‐ether (MTBE) misclassified
Authors: Mehlman Myron A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMethyl‐tertiary‐butyl‐ether (MTBE) was introduced into motor fuels in 1992 to reduce carbon monoxide automotive emissions in areas where the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for CO were exceeded.At a meeting of the National Toxicology Program's Board of Scientific Counselors (2–3 December 1998), data were presented showing that exposure to MTBE caused increased incidence of liver tumors, renal adenomas, carcinomas and interstitial cell adenomas of the testes in male, and lymphomas and leukemia in female CD1 mice [National Toxicology Program, 1998]. Despite this evidence, the NTP Board defeated a motion to list MTBE as “Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen” by a vote of 6 to 5. This decision directly contravenes rules and procedures previously established by NTP for assessing carcinogenicity of chemical compounds.Good public health policy dictates that the NTP Board conduct another review of MTBE with proper consideration of the criteria that have been established for listing agents as carcinogens. Millions of Americans who are exposed daily to this chemical deserve an unbiased evaluation of carcinogenic agents being introduced into the environment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:505–508, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupation and leukemia: A population‐based case—control study in Iowa and Minnesota†
Authors: Blair A. , Zheng T. , Linos A. , Stewart P.A. , Zhang Y.W. , Cantor K.P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundStudies have suggested that risk of leukemia may be associated with occupational or industrial exposures and risk may vary by the histological type of the disease.MethodsA population‐based case—control study was conducted in Iowa and Minnesota to evaluate the association between various occupations, industries, and occupational exposures and leukemia risk. A total of 513 cases and 1,087 controls was included in the study. A lifetime occupational history and other risk factor information were collected through in‐person interviews, and a job‐exposure matrix was used to assess possible risks associated with specific exposures.ResultsA significantly increased risk of leukemia was observed among agricultural service industries and among nursing and healthcare workers. Janitors, cleaners, and light truck drivers also experienced increased risk. Those employed in plumbing, heating and air conditioning industries, and sales of nondurable goods (such as paints and varnishes) had an increased risk. Printers, painters, and workers in the food and metal industries had a nonsignificantly increased risk of leukemia. Analyses by specific exposures and histology of leukemia showed that risk of leukemia associated with occupational or industrial exposures may vary by histological type of the disease.ConclusionsAn increased risk of leukemia among workers employed in agricultural industries, nursing and healthcare workers, and in a few occupations with possible exposure to solvents is consistent with earlier studies. Associations of risk with occupations not observed previously deserve further assessment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:3–14, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory symptoms and lung function in workers in heavy and highway construction: A cross‐sectional study*
Authors: Oliver L. Christine , Miracle‐McMahill Heidi , Littman Andrew B. , Oakes J. Michael , Gaita Raymond R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundOccupational exposures for workers in heavy and highway (HH) construction include cement‐containing dusts and diesel exhaust (DE). To investigate possible health effects, respiratory symptoms and lung function were examined in laborers, tunnel workers (TW), and operating engineers (OE) in HH and tunnel construction. The principal outcome of interest was airways disease.MethodsSubjects were recruited through their unions. Medical and occupational histories and flow‐volume loops were obtained. Based on self‐report, asthma and chronic bronchitis were categorized as (1) physician‐diagnosed or (2) for asthma, undiagnosed likely, and (3) for chronic bronchitis, symptomatic. Trade and time in the union were used as surrogates of exposure. Prevalence of asthma and chronic bronchitis, lung function outcome, and relationships with exposure variables were examined.ResultsData were obtained on 389 workers: 186 laborers, 45 TWs, and 158 OEs. Prevalence of asthma was 13 and 11.4% for laborers (including TW) and OEs, respectively, and of symptomatic chronic bronchitis, 6.5 and 1.9%, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) for undiagnosed asthma likely were significantly elevated in TWs compared to OEs, and marginally elevated for chronic bronchitis. Inverse relationships were observed between time in the union, and risk for asthma and chronic bronchitis. Asthma (physician‐diagnosed or undiagnosed likely) predicted lower FEV1. Current cigarette use was associated with chronic bronchitis but not asthma.ConclusionsTWs, laborers, and OEs in HH construction are at increased risk for asthma. TWs also appear to be at increased risk for chronic bronchitis. Our data suggest that symptomatic workers are self‐selecting out of their trade. Asthma was associated with lower lung function in those affected. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:73–86, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral neuropathy in workers exposed to nitromethane†
Authors: Page Elena H. , Pajeau Aurora K. , Arnold Thomas C. , Fincher Allene R. , Goddard Mark J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundTwo workers from a headlight subassembly plant developed severe peripheral neuropathy. These workers had extensive, but brief (1–2 months) dermal and inhalational exposure to nitromethane, a solvent.MethodsEnvironmental sampling was performed for nitromethane and ethyl cyanoacrylate. Medical records, including electrodiagnostic studies, were reviewed. Literature on nitromethane, ethyl cyanoacrylate, and other exposures in the workplace was reviewed.ResultsElectromyography and nerve conduction studies performed on these patients were consistent with a severe, axonal neuropathy. No etiology was discovered despite an extensive medical evaluation. Environmental sampling revealed exposure to nitromethane at the threshold limit value.ConclusionsThe history of acute onset of severe peripheral neuropathy temporally associated with exposure to nitromethane is suggestive of a toxic neuropathy. While it cannot be definitively concluded that these two workers developed peripheral neuropathy secondary to exposures at work, occupational exposure to nitromethane appears to be the most likely etiology. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:107–113, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.