bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of GmLFYa and GmLFYb on Compound Leaf Development in Soybean
Authors: Wang Dongfa , Zhao Baolin , Zhou Xuan , Zhou Shaoli , Yang Liling , Mao Yawen , Bai Quanzi , Zhao Weiyue , Sun Mingzhu , Liu Mingli , Gu Zhijia , He Liangliang , Chen Jianghua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLegume leaves exhibit diverse compound forms, with various regulatory mechanisms underlying the development. The transcription factor‐encoding KNOXI genes are required to promote leaflet initiation in most compound‐leafed angiosperms. In non‐IRLC (inverted repeat‐lacking clade) legumes, KNOXI are expressed in compound leaf primordia but not in others (IRLC). Recent studies have highlighted LFY genes' role in regulating leaflet initiation across legumes. The LFY functions in leaf development are well understood in IRLC legumes but remain unclear in non‐IRLC legumes. Soybean, a major crop belonging to non‐IRLC legumes, has limited research on the trifoliate leaf morphogenesis. Here, we comprehensively analyzed soybean trifoliate leaf development and characterized two GmLFY gene copies, GmLFYa and GmLFYb, in compound leaf morphogenesis. Analyzing the loss‐of‐function mutants revealed that Gmlfya displayed a low frequency of simple‐like leaves, while the Gmlfyb showed no visible phenotype. However, the Gmlfya Gmlfyb double mutant predominantly displayed simple‐like leaves. Additionally, mutations in two genes also affect floral development: each single mutant exhibited slightly deformed floral organs, while double mutant produced inflorescence‐like structures. The transformation from floral meristems to inflorescence‐like structures is similar to lfy mutant in Arabidopsis but quite different from M. truncatula and L. japonicus. These findings suggest that the two GmLFY genes in soybean collaboratively regulate both compound leaf and flower morphogenesis. Our study not only creates foundational mutant materials for future research on leaf and flower development in soybean but also reinforces the role of LFY orthologs as master regulators in compound leaf morphogenesis across a broader range of legume taxa than previously recognized.
Network position and academic achievement in middle school
Authors: Horowitz Jonathan , Hamm Jill 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDoes network position promote academic achievement net of the characteristics of friends in the network? Using nearly complete friendship network data at two middle schools, we estimate fixed‐effects models to examine whether degree centrality and brokerage position affect grades, net of all time‐invariant student characteristics, and the observable content of the friend network. The results show that more central network positions advance academic achievement, but these effects are not the same across mathematics and language arts subjects. Degree centrality affects mathematics grades, while brokerage position impacts performance in language arts. These findings highlight the importance of network position on academic achievement and the relevance of different types of centrality for achievement in mathematics and language arts.
Privately Provided Public Service and Local Financial Condition: The Cost of Externalized Service Accountability
Authors: Park HyungGun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study investigates how special districts affect the financial condition of general‐purpose governments, specifically focusing on the nontraditional budgetary indicators focusing on the financial and service liabilities of local governments.MethodsBased on the extant literature, the concept of financial condition of local government is operationalized through solvency and efficiency type measures as well as a construct of local finance to capture the dependent variable's sophisticated characteristics. Using a balanced MSA year dataset between 1972 and 2017, the estimations run several empirical models with panel‐corrected standard error.ResultsThe estimation results generally indicate that the proliferation of special districts undermines the financial condition of cities and counties. While special districts may contribute positively to the local economy, their privately provided public services indirectly create financial stress. This burden falls on general‐purpose governments, particularly when social issues arise from insufficient universal service provision for the less affluent populations additionally.ConclusionThe findings indicate that general‐purpose governments are compelled to adopt less efficient methods to deliver comparable services to underserved constituent groups without access to specialized services, emphasizing that the creation of special districts often incurs greater costs than anticipated.
ZmDREB1A controls plant immunity via regulating salicylic acid metabolism in maize
Authors: Zhang Chunxia , Zhang Huanbo , Lin Wanping , Chai Jiahao , Shangguan Xiaoqing , Zhao Tianyong 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARYDREB1A, a pivotal transcription factor, has long been known to regulate plant abiotic stress tolerance. However, its role in plant biotic stress tolerance and the underlying mechanisms have remained a mystery. Our research reveals that the maize ZmDREB1A gene is up‐regulated in maize seedlings when the plants are infected by Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani). The maize ZmDREB1A knock‐out mutant exhibits increased disease resistance against the pathogen R. solani. Further investigation showed that ZmDREB1A regulates salicylic acid (SA) metabolism by inhibiting ZmSARD1 gene and activating ZmSAGT gene expression. Additionally, the SA level was increased while the SAG level was decreased in zmdreb1a mutant seedlings when the plants were infected with the pathogen R. solani. Furthermore, overexpression of ZmSAGT in Arabidopsis reduced plant resistance to Pst DC3000 by decreasing SA levels and increasing SAG levels. These data demonstrate that ZmDREB1A regulates the metabolism of SA and controls plant immune response in maize.
On the Mechanism of Rotating Stall in a Boundary Layer Ingesting Fan
Authors: Deng Hefang , Zhang Songan , Xia Kailong , Qiang Xiaoqing , Zhu Mingmin , Teng Jinfang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Next-generation boundary layer ingesting (BLI) aircraft can achieve significant reductions in fuel burns compared to conventional aircraft. One of the challenges for BLI aircraft is the need for the fan to continuously operate with inlet distortions. However, until now the effect of real BLI distortions on rotating stall remains unclear. In this work, full-annulus unsteady simulations are conducted to analyze the mechanism of rotating stalls in a boundary layer ingesting fan. The complete stall hysteresis loop at BLI distortions is investigated. Similar to the uniform inflow, the fan at the BLI distortions also exhibits the spike-type rotating stalls, and its stall inception is also attributed to the radial vortex structure caused by the shear interaction between the incoming flow and backflow. However, at the BLI distortions, the evolution process of rotating stall is accompanied by the growth and decay of disturbances because of the significant variation of the inflow condition around the whole annulus. Only when the stall disturbance becomes large enough can it propagate circumferentially across the whole annulus to form the full stall cell. In addition, due to the significant decrease in total pressure ratio, the fan at the BLI distortions is easier to exit the rotating stall compared to the uniform inflow. These results enhance the understanding of the rotating stall mechanism not only for BLI fans but also for many turbine engines that suffer from inlet distortions.
Use of analytical strategies to understand spatial chemical variation in bacterial surface communities
Authors: Weaver Abigail A. , Shrout Joshua D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Not only do surface-growing microbes such as biofilms display specific traits compared to planktonic cells, but also they display many heterogeneous behaviors over many spatial and temporal contexts. While the application of molecular genetics tools to extract or visualize gene expression or regulatory function data is now common in studying surface growth, the use of analytical chemistry tools to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of chemical products synthesized by these surface microbes is less common. Here, we review chemical imaging tools that have been used to inform our understanding of surface-growing microbes. We highlight the use of confocal Raman Microscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, secondary ion mass spectrometry, desorption electrospray ionization, and electrochemical imaging that have been applied to assess two-dimensional chemical profiles of bacteria. We specifically discuss the use of these tools to study rhamnolipids, alkylquinolones, and phenazines of the bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
.
Conformational flexibility is a critical factor in designing broad-spectrum human norovirus protease inhibitors
Authors: Pham Son , Zhao Boyang , Neetu Neetu , Sankaran Banumathi , Patil Ketki , Ramani Sasirekha , Song Yongcheng , Estes Mary K. , Palzkill Timothy , Prasad B. V. Venkataram 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. There are currently no licensed antiviral drugs for the treatment of HuNoV-associated gastroenteritis. The HuNoV protease plays a critical role in the initiation of virus replication by cleaving the polyprotein. Thus, it is an ideal target for developing antiviral small-molecule inhibitors. While rupintrivir, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of several picornavirus proteases, effectively inhibits GI.1 protease, it is an order of magnitude less effective against GII protease. Other GI.1 protease inhibitors also tend to be less effective against GII proteases. To understand the structural basis for the potency difference, we determined the crystal structures of proteases of GI.1, pandemic GII.4 (Houston and Sydney), and GII.3 in complex with rupintrivir. These structures show that the open substrate pocket in GI protease binds rupintrivir without requiring significant conformational changes, whereas, in GII proteases, the closed pocket flexibly extends, reorienting arginine-112 in the BII-CII loop to accommodate rupintrivir. Structures of R112A protease mutants with rupintrivir, coupled with enzymatic and inhibition studies, suggest R112 is involved in displacing both substrate and ligands from the active site, implying a role in the release of cleaved products during polyprotein processing. Thus, the primary determinant for differential inhibitor potency between the GI and GII proteases is the increased flexibility in the BII-CII loop of the GII proteases caused by the H-G mutation in this loop. Therefore, the inherent flexibility of the BII-CII loop in GII proteases is a critical factor to consider when developing broad-spectrum inhibitors for HuNoV proteases.

IMPORTANCE
Human noroviruses are a significant cause of sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs currently available to treat infections. Our work elucidates the structural differences between GI.1 and GII proteases in response to inhibitor binding and will inform the future development of broad-spectrum norovirus protease inhibitors.
Supplemental Material: Seismic anatomy of Miocene clinoform sequences on the New Jersey (USA) shelf, and implications for sediment transport during base-level rhythms
Authors: Aali Masoud , al. et 
Published: January 2025

<p>Supplemental File S1: Perspective view of seismically defined systems tracts on the New Jersey (USA) shelf. Supplemental File S2: Tables S1–S3. </p>
Listening to the voices of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease after returning to school: a qualitative study
Authors: Peng Keyuan , Zhu Pingting , Gu Xinyue , Hu Chenglei , Teng Yi , Gu Zhie 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among Chinese adolescents has continued to increase in recent years. Adolescents with IBD interrupted their schooling due to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. And when the condition stabilises, they will return to school. However, as a lifelong and recurrent disease, the instability of the disease after returning to school affects normal school participation.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the psychological and life challenges of adolescents with IBD in the complex and intertwined situations of disease management, adolescent development and school social interactions.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Qualitative data were collected from adolescents aged 11–19 (n=21; 7 males and 14 females) through in-depth, semistructured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to ensure rigour.ResultsThe results highlight the challenges of returning to school for adolescents with IBD. There are three emerging themes and nine subthemes (in parentheses). (1) Problems of continued disease management (occasional uncontrollable flare-ups of symptoms, regular medical checkups disrupting daily school programming and shame from medication management). (2) Difficulties of impaired school functioning (difficulty keeping up with academic study and participating in high-intensity sports activities). (3) Challenges of maintaining friendship (burden of disease disclosure, difficulty in sharing food with friends, common topics of conversation decreasing and absence of group activities).ConclusionWe call on medical institutions and schools to strengthen cooperation and further optimise support measures for this group through the intermediary role of school health clinics.
‘I wish I had been better prepared’: a mixed-methods study of psychological reactions, perceptions and opinions of cardiovascular preparticipation screening among young competitive athletes
Authors: Grubic Nicholas , Fraser Matthew , Ford Meghan K , Hill Braeden , Mantella Laura E , Mihajlovic Valentina , Bennett Ryan , Syan Rohaan , Law Anhadh , Thornton Jane S , Johri Amer M 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo evaluate the psychological reactions, perceptions and opinions of cardiovascular preparticipation screening (PPS) among young competitive athletes.MethodsThis convergent parallel mixed-methods study recruited 222 athletes (mean age: 18.7 years) who underwent PPS at a Canadian university. All athletes completed a cardiovascular history questionnaire, and a subgroup (n=165) additionally obtained an ECG and physical exam. On registering for PPS, athletes completed a psychological impact survey. Survey items were measured on a 5-point scale, ranging from −2 (strongly disagree) to 2 (strongly agree) and reported as means. After completing PPS, 18 athletes participated in focus groups or interviews to explore screening experiences. Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, following an inductive and critical realist approach.ResultsAthletes reported minimal symptoms of anxiety (−1.29), stress (−1.41) or worry (−1.12) concerning their participation in PPS and agreed that screening was beneficial for their safety (1.25). Psychological symptoms were higher in athletes who reported cardiovascular symptoms or a family history than those who did not. Athletes required to undergo an ECG and physical exam were less anxious, stressed and worried about PPS but more interested in learning about their results than those screened with only a history questionnaire. Three themes described athletes’ responses to PPS: (1) importance of communication and service navigation; (2) distress surrounding the uncertainty of results and (3) screening as a non-disruptive and essential part of ‘being an athlete’.ConclusionThe PPS process does not lead to excessive distress among young competitive athletes before, during or after screening. Athletes identified solutions to enhance the PPS experience, including tailored educational resources and an integrated support system to manage psychological symptoms.
The association between Guardian Cap use during practices and sport-related concussion risk in high school American football players
Authors: Hammer Erin , Mosiman Sam , Joachim Mikel R , Taylor Ethan , Cordum Adam , Brooks M Alison , McGuine Timothy 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveGuardian Caps (GCs) have been widely implemented at all levels of American football participation based on laboratory evidence that they may reduce head impact forces. The purpose of this study was to determine if GC use during practice was associated with a lower risk of sport-related concussion (SRC) during practices and games among high school football players.MethodsData were collected on 2610 athletes from 41 Wisconsin schools that self-selected into GC or Non-GC cohorts. Athletic trainers recorded practice and game exposures and SRCs through the 2023 season. Generalised linear mixed models were built to determine the effect of GC utilisation on SRC rates, accounting for school and player exposures.ResultsIn the total cohort (Non-GC n=1188 (45.5%); GC n=1422 (54.5%)), 180 athletes (6.9%) sustained SRCs. 64 SRCs occurred during practice (GC n=33 (51.6%); Non-GC n=31 (48.4%)). GC use was not associated with a decreased risk of SRC during practice in the univariable analysis (relative risk (RR)=1.04, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.86, p=0.90) or after accounting for previous SRC within the last year (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.79, p=0.97). No players of either cohort wore GCs during games. There were 116 SRCs sustained during games (GC n=68 (58.6%); Non-GC n=48 (41.4%)). GC use during practice was not associated with the risk of SRC during games in the univariable analysis (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.78, p=0.60) or after accounting for previous SRC within the last year (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.78, p=0.61).ConclusionGC use during practice in high school American football players was not associated with a decreased risk of sustaining SRC in practice or games.
5  Post-infectious sequelae of cryptosporidiosis in a military cohort
Authors: Hale Isra , Toriro Romeo 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundInfectious gastroenteritis is a common medical presentation in deployed military settings. Post-infectious sequelae in military populations are rarely reported. Following a British military cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Kenya in 2022, and subsequent molecular characterisation of faecal samples from consented study participants, we conducted a longitudinal cohort-study investigating health impacts following resolution of acuteCryptosporidium hominisinfection.MethodThe study has followed up 40 military personnel at 3-months, 6-months and 12-months post-acuteCryptosporidium hominisinfection. Telephone consultations were conducted by a Medical Officer using a bespoke questionnaire to identify gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms which may present post-infection. Clinical consultation was used to exclude other causes of these symptoms. Findings were recorded as consultations in patient medical notes then anonymised and, entered into Microsoft Excel. Follow-up is ongoing, and we plan to calculate confidence intervals for proportions, 95% confidence intervals for risk ratios, chi squared for trend and to examine association between symptoms and case status with logistic regressions.ResultsNew symptoms reported at 3-months included; diarrhoea 9/40 (22.5%), abdominal pain 5/40 (12.5%), nausea 5/40 (12.5%), bloating 5/40 (12.5%), myalgia 4/40 (10%), fatigue 4/40 (10%), joint pain 3/40 (7.5%), and weight loss 2/40 (5%). At the 6-month point, diarrhoeal symptoms persisted in 7/40 (17.5%), abdominal pain persisted in 2/40 (5%) and weight loss was reported in 4/40 (10%). At 12-months one participant reported referral to gastroenterology, diarrhoea was reported in 2/40 (5%) and abdominal pain reported in 3/40 (7.5%).ConclusionsOn-site diagnostic capability in remote settings, and further molecular sequencing enabled identification of a novelC.hominissubtype. Findings demonstrate unexpectedly high rates of post-infectious sequelae, particularly diarrhoea, following acute cryptosporidiosis in healthy military personnel. This post-infectious sequalae, in military personnel, may negatively impact their wellbeing and potentially impact their medical deployability. Patient education on potential health impacts post cryptosporidiosis infection would encourage appropriate health-seeking behaviour.
Investigating the implementation of a Trial of Labour After Caesarean (TOLAC) delivery bundle with respect to decreasing caesarean delivery rates: a multisite quality improvement initiative
Authors: Miazga Elizabeth , Reed Cheyanne , Olsthoorn Alisha , Fan Isabella , Zhao Eliya , Shapiro Jodi , Cipolla Amanda , Tunde-Byass Modupe , Shore Eliane M 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
To study the effect of implementing a Trial of Labour After Caesarean (TOLAC) delivery bundle with respect to decreasing caesarean delivery rates across five hospitals.

Design
Prospective quality improvement study.

Setting
Five Canadian hospital sites participated, two academic centres and three community hospitals, with annual delivery rates ranging from 2500 to 7500 per site.

Participants
All obstetrical patients with a singleton gestation in cephalic presentation and only one previous caesarean delivery were included.

Interventions
A TOLAC bundle was introduced at each hospital site, consisting of three main interventions: (1) education for healthcare providers, (2) a TOLAC discussion sheet and (3) patient educational tools.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome was the caesarean delivery rate in eligible patients. Secondary outcomes included rates of trial of labour after caesarean delivery, vaginal birth after caesarean delivery and induction of labour. Balance measures included rates of uterine rupture and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Process measures included attendance at educational rounds, elements of the interventions identified in chart review and view counts for educational videos.

Results
The baseline caesarean delivery rate was 77% (1730 out of 2244 eligible patients). Following the introduction of the bundle, the caesarean delivery rate decreased to 71% (1497 out of 2097 eligible patients; 6% decrease, p<0.001). A significant increase in induction rate was noted from 5% preintervention to 9% postintervention (p<0.001). There was no increase in the uterine rupture or neonatal intensive care admission rates.

Conclusion
This TOLAC bundle can decrease caesarean delivery rates without negatively impacting uterine rupture or neonatal intensive care admission rates. The interventions can be easily adapted for use in different hospitals and practice environments.