bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman and infrared spectra, conformational stability from temperature‐dependent Fourier transform infrared spectra of xenon solutions, ab initio calculations and vibrational assignment of 4‐chlorobut‐1‐yne
Authors: Durig James R. , Drew Barry R. , Guirgis Gamil A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Raman spectra (3400–10 cm−1) of liquid and solid and the infrared spectra (3400–50 cm−1) of gaseous, xenon solution and solid 4‐chlorobut‐1‐yne, CH2ClCH2CCH, were recorded. These data indicate that the molecule exists in the anti (the C—Cl bond is trans to the CC bond) and the gauche conformations in the vapor and liquid and that both conformers persist in the solid with an indication that the gauche conformer may be more stable in this physical state. From a variable‐temperature infrared study of the xenon solution, the anti conformation has been determined to be more stable than the gauche form by 147 ± 10 cm−1 (1.76 ± 0.12 kJ mol−1). From these data it is estimated that 50% of the sample is in the gauche form at ambient temperature. The optimized geometries, conformation stabilities, harmonic force fields, Raman activities, depolarization ratios and infrared intensities were obtained from MP2/6–31G(d) ab initio calculations with full electron correlation. These quantities were compared with the corresponding experimental quantities when appropriate. Equilibrium geometries and energies for both conformers were obtained from ab initio MP2/6–311 + G(d, p) and MP2/6–311 + G(2d, 2p) calculations. Vibrational assignments for the 24 normal modes for both the anti and gauche conformers are proposed. These experimental and theoretical results are compared with the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional probing of ground‐state vibrational dynamics in porphyrin molecules by fs‐CARS
Authors: Heid M. , Schlücker S. , Schmitt U. , Chen T. , Schweitzer‐Stenner R. , Engel V. , Kiefer W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on spectrally dispersed femtosecond time‐resolved coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) for the investigation of the electronic ground‐state vibrational dynamics of porphyrin molecules in solution. The two‐dimensional experimental data obtained in our measurements provide a detailed mapping of the large number of molecular vibrations in these systems, excited by broadband ultrashort laser pulses, and make a thorough interpretation of the complex signal structure possible. In particular, an analysis of the data by applying Fourier transform methods to the time domain signal allows a clear identification of the excited porphyrin normal modes when compared with results on the mode structure from spectrally resolved (cw) spectroscopy. Altogether the method is capable of yielding detailed information on the dephasing behavior and on the relative spectral positions of the excited vibrations at the same time. Three porphyrin systems, dissolved in dichloromethane, were investigated: magnesium octaethylporphyrin, magnesium tetraphenylporphyrin and the free‐base porphyrin octaethylporphyrin. The measurements were performed in the spectral region of the ring vibrations of the porphyrin macrocycle. We also provide a discussion of the expected signals on a theoretical basis by deriving the CARS third‐order non‐linear polarization for these experiments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational study of AZT in aqueous solution and adsorbed on a silver surface by means of Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Rivas Laura , Sanchez‐Cortes Santiago , García‐Ramos José V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe adsorption and conformation of the anti‐HIV drug AZT, and also thymine and 2′‐deoxythymidine, were studied on Ag colloids by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, showing that the conformational change induced by the adsorption on an Ag surface is similar to that induced by an alkaline pH, both related to deprotonation of the N‐3 atom leading to the C‐3′‐endo conformer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural investigation of (Sr1−xCax)Bi2Ta2O9 ceramics
Authors: Das Rasmi R. , Pérez W. , Katiyar Ram S. , Bhalla A. S. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract(Sr1−xCax)Bi2Ta2O9 bismuth‐layered compounds with composition x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6. 0.8 and 1.0 were synthesized by the conventional solid‐state route. Phase formation and structural evaluation of both calcined powders and sintered pellets were investigated using x‐ray diffraction and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The decrease in the lattice parameters confirms the substitution of Sr by Ca with smaller ionic radii. The increase in orthorhombic distortion (b/a) with Ca content in SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) is attributed to the increase in lattice mismatch between TaO2 and SrO planes in the perovskite unit cell of SrTa2O7. The wavenumber of the lowest Raman modes increased with increase in mole fraction of Ca, establishing that the lower mass of Ca is indicative of an increase in the phase transition temperature (Tc) in comparison with the Tc of SrBi2Ta2O9. The decrease in intensity of the Raman lines and the increase in full width at half‐maximum of the Ta–O stretching mode, up to a 40% Ca content in SBT, might be due to a decrease in orthorhombic distortion of the unit cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved in situ Raman spectroscopy of working catalysts: sulfated and tungstated zirconia
Authors: Kuba S. , Knözinger H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe spectra of time‐dependent in situ Raman experiments on sulfated and tungstated zirconia catalysts during the isomerization reaction of n‐pentane are presented and discussed. A purpose‐made in situ Raman cell which was used for this application is described. The choice of appropriate experimental parameters, namely laser power and laser wavelength, is discussed. During the experiments the activity and selectivity of the catalysts were determined simultaneously by on‐line gas chromatography. The sulfated zirconia catalyst shows structural changes in the sulfate region during the reaction. One of two different types of initially present sulfate species is eroded during the reaction, presumably due to a reduction to H2S. The activity shows a typical induction period followed by a fast deactivation. No coke formation is observed. Since fast deactivation occurs, coke formation cannot be the only reason for the deactivation of the catalyst. The tungstated catalyst shows strong darkening after initiation of the reaction with increasing time‐on‐stream (TOS). This leads to the disappearance of the catalyst bands. However, coke formation indicated by a broad band at 1590 cm−1 can be observed. Since darkening has a strong effect on Raman intensities, the time evolution of the observed bands is not obtained correctly. We propose a new method to correct for the effect of the darkening. The change of the diffuse reflectance of the catalyst is determined by the variation of the intensity of laser plasma lines. Based on an approximate equation proposed by Waters which correlates the Raman intensities and the diffuse reflectance of a sample, a correction factor for the spectra is obtained. After the intensity correction the spectra indicate that most of the coke is formed in the first few minutes of the reaction followed by a constant formation rate with TOS. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competition between adsorption and complexation on silver as monitored by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Pessôa Mônica M. B. , Temperini Marcia L. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of 2‐formylpyridine‐4′, 4′‐dimethyl thiosemicarbazone (DMePATS2) on a silver electrode in acetonitrile electrolytic solution were obtained. The effect of Mg(ClO4)2 on the DMePATS2 adsorption process was investigated. The results show that the configuration of adsorbed DMePATS2 on the silver electrode depends on the applied potential. For negative potentials, the predominant configuration on the surface is E whereas for positive potentials there is almost only the Z isomer. In the presence of Mg2+ only the (Z)‐DMePATS2 isomer was observed at any potential, which is explained by the formation of an Mg2+–(E)‐DMePATS2 complex in solution. The formation of this complex is also used to explain the decrease in the Raman intensity of the adsorbed species in the time evolution experiment. A comparison is made between the SERS results for DMePATS2 and PATS4 (4‐formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone). The SERS spectra of PATS4 in the presence of Mg2+ indicate the formation of an Mg2+–PATS4 complex on the surface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initioanalysis of Raman trace scattering intensities in alkenes and silanes
Authors: Lupinetti Concetta , Gough Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMolecular polarizabilities and derivatives with respect to CC, CH, SiSi and SIH stretching modes were obtained fromab initiomolecular orbital calculations at the HF/6–311G (3df,3pd) level for 14 molecules: ethene, cyclopropene, cyclobutadiene, cyclopentadiene,cis‐ andtrans‐butadiene,trans‐hexatriene, benzene, naphthalene and the silanes Si1 to Si5. Factors governing the trends in the intensities include conformation, chain length, location and orientation of a bond within the molecular framework. The results are compared with those from earlier studies on saturated alkanes and other work on conducting polymers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive strategy and strategic agendas
Authors: Grundy Tony 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
Competitive strategy has not evolved very significantly since Michael Porter's Competitive Advantage in 1985 but the analysis of strategic agendas helps to develop our understanding.
Strategic agendas shape the industry mind‐set and influence the impact of Porter's five competitive forces. This is manifest through the degree of psychological advantage which players in the industry have over each other.
Strategic agendas are found at a variety of levels and deeper ones need to be surfaced. The way strategic agendas impact on competitive strategy appears to be a very fruitful area for future research.
Regenerating a business's strategy: a method to release profits and build strength
Authors: Jeffery Ellis R. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
Regenerating a business's strategy by conceiving strategic change helps leaders achieve higher and more sustainable financial performance.
Recent shifts in the world economy and new technology have put pressure on many businesses. Cost cutting and clever pricing cannot solve these problems alone because they require systemic attention and qualitative change.
Enterprise architectures seldom deliver expected profits. Standard solutions often reduce the competitive distinctions that sustain prices long run. By addressing the business holistically in full context, this method builds a strategic solution that increases profitability.
This article shows managers how to examine the intrinsic value of their business strategy and then build a more valuable strategy that can be sustained into the future. Conventional and contemporary thinking are combined into a method that managers can use to improve or regenerate a strategy for their organization.
Several checklists and frameworks are provided together with competitive insights on defining, evaluating and conceiving strategic change. These guidelines enable all members of a management team to contribute significantly to strengthening their business.
Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guest Editorial: From routine recipes to deep strategic thinking: strategy making as an intellectual challenge
Authors: Franklin Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe basic idea behind this editorial is that the routine recipes used by managers in the strategy process dull the intellectual palate and worse, divert attention from the principal strategic issue of business—namely, creating the future. To create the future requires three main ingredients:

A creative act. An activity or series of activities where imagination, innovation and creation cause people to (want to) do something different or do the same thing significantly differently.
An obsessive preoccupation with the future. An ability and inclination to look to the future rather than to the present or the past: an ability to be able to read the future (or a range of alternative futures), to feel the future, live the future and describe the future in ways which enable others to share and see the future with you.
Involvement, energy and passion. Organization‐wide commitment to the images of the future and understanding by individuals and teams, of their contributions to the shared imagined future.
Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimisation of the Amido Black assay for determination of the protein content of grape juices and wines
Authors: Weiss Kathryn C , Bisson Linda F 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhile the heat/chill stability of white wines cannot be predicted from the total protein concentration, this information is useful in assessing the effectiveness of fining treatments. We have adapted the Amido Black assay for use in grape juice and wine. The response of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was similar in water, model wine and model juice. The linear range of the assay (<100 mg l−1) extends beyond protein concentrations typically found in grape juices and wines. The limit of quantification was 11.1 mg l−1 for BSA in model wine and 7.6 mg l−1 in model juice, while the limit of detection was found to be less than 3 mg l−1 in either solution. In contrast to other methods of protein determination, this assay is not affected by common wine phenolic and pectic compounds or by glutathione. The mean response of BSA was similar in model juice and red and white grape juices. The mean response of BSA in red wine was lower than in white wine and model wine (p < 0.001), and there was considerable variation in response among wines. Protein concentrations determined using this method were reproducible (CV < 10%). This optimised assay can be used to monitor protein levels in grape juices and wines.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Elevation of carotenoids in tomato by genetic manipulation
Authors: Fraser Paul D , Römer Susanne , Kiano Joy W , Shipton Cathie A , Mills Philippa B , Drake Rachel , Schuch Wolfgang , Bramley Peter M 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransgenic tomato lines expressing either the Erwinia uredovora phytoene synthase (crtB) or phytoene desaturase (crtI) gene have been produced using the polygalacturonase (PG) or CaMV 35S promoter respectively. Over three generations, tomato fruits expressing the additional phytoene synthase showed increased total carotenoids approaching twofold. Ripe tomato fruits expressing crtI showed significant increases in β‐carotene (threefold) but a reduction in the total carotenoid content (twofold). The contents of other biosynthetically related isoprenoids, including tocopherols (vitamin E), vitamin K, ubiquinones and plastoquinones, were not altered by manipulations to the carotenoid pathway. Detailed biochemical analysis indicates that both enzymes are targeted to the correct location and reside in active states. Increases in enzyme activity and the levels of carotenoid end‐products do not correlate. The data suggest that enhancement of carotenoids can be achieved by metabolic engineering of the pathway, but intrinsic regulatory mechanisms such as feedback inhibition and metabolite channelling may limit the potential shown by the increased enzyme activities.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of Bcl‐2 and p53 protein in resectable invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas: Effects on clinical outcome and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Nio Yoshinori , Dong Ming , Iguchi Chikage , Yamasawa Kunihiro , Toga Tomoko , Itakura Masayuki , Tamura Katsuhiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objectivesp53 tumor suppressor gene has a dual role as a trigger of apoptosis and as an initiator of DNA repair. The Bcl‐2 can work to protect cells from apoptosis, which is induced by p53 gene. These facts suggest the significant role of these genes in the genesis and progression of various tumors. The present study was designed to assess the significance of p53 and Bcl‐2 protein (pBcl‐2) expression on resectable invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the pancreas.MethodsThe present study included 63 IDCs, which were resected between 1982 and 1998. pBcl‐2 and p53 were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies.ResultspBcl‐2 was expressed in 16 (25.4%), and p53 was positively expressed in 32 out of 63 IDCs (50.8%); however, expression of pBcl‐2 did not necessarily correlate with that of p53. Although p53 expression did not show any significant influence on the patients' survival, pBcl‐2(+) patients showed a higher survival than pBcl‐2(−) patients for both p53(+) and p53(−) patients, which suggested that pBcl‐2 expression had a more significant effect on the survival of patients than p53 expression. On the other hand, there were no differences in the survival curve between the adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) group and the surgery alone (SA) group. pBcl‐2 expression had no influence on the effect of ACT, the ACT group showed a significantly better survival than the SA group for p53(+) IDC patients.ConclusionspBcl‐2 expression is a beneficial prognostic factor for patients with IDC, whereas p53 expression may be beneficial in the prediction of the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on patients with IDC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:188–196. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary Kaposi sarcoma of the bowel in a HIV‐negative patient
Authors: Insabato Luigi , di Vizio Dolores , Terracciano Luigi Maria , Pettinato Guido , Staibano Stefania , Bifano Delfina , D'Agostino Luciano 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA case of Kaposi sarcoma with HIV‐negative and sequence of HHV‐8 positive and exclusive rectosigmoid and descending colon involvement without immunodeficiency is reported. Histologically, in addition to typical features of Kaposi sarcoma, Cowdry type A inclusions were seen. PCR analysis of the tumor showed positivity for human herpesvirus 8. Two of the six reported cases of Kaposi sarcoma limited to the bowel were from African men before the AIDS epidemic. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:197–200. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined colon and hepatic resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Lyass Sergey , Zamir Gideon , Matot Idit , Goitein David , Eid Ahmed , Jurim Oded 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objectives:The surgical strategy for the treatment of resectable synchronous hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer remains controversial. This study was performed to assess the outcome of combined resection of colorectal cancer and liver metastases.Methods:The perioperative data, morbidity, and survival of the patients who underwent combined colon and liver resections for synchronous colorectal liver metastases from 1988 to 1999 were compared to the parameters of the patients who underwent colon resection followed by resection of liver metastases in a staged setting.Results:198 hepatic resections were performed, of which 112 procedures in 103 patients were done for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Twenty six patients (25%) had combined hepatic and colon resection and were compared to 86 patients with metachronous metastases who underwent colon and hepatic resection in the staging setting. Postoperative morbidity was 27 and 35%, respectively. There was no hospital mortality in the combined group vs. 2.3% in the staged group. Blood loss, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and length of postoperative stay (LOS) were similar in both groups. The 5 years cumulative survival of the group after combined surgery was 28% vs. 27% of the group after isolated hepatic resections (P = 0.21).Conclusion:Combined colon and hepatic resection is a safe and efficient procedure for the treatment of synchronous colorectal liver metastases. It can be performed with acceptable morbidity and no perioperative mortality. The survival after combined procedure is comparable to the one achieved after staged procedure of colon resection followed by liver resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:17–21. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International price competitiveness of Australia's MICE industry
Authors: Dwyer Larry , Mistilis Nina , Forsyth Peter , Rao Prasada 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA special‐interest tourist market that holds out great promise for continued growth well into the next century is that of MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions, exhibitions). At the same time, changing prices in particular destinations relative to others are regarded as one of the most important economic influences on destination shares of total international tourism flows. The question arises as to the price competitiveness of major competing MICE destinations. Although earlier research has recognised that a destination's price competitiveness differs according to a visitor's country of origin there has been relatively little attention paid to tourism price competitiveness from the perspective of those having different motives for travel. This paper has four major aims: first, to provide a method by which price competitiveness of tourism by journey purpose can be estimated; second, to construct price competitiveness indices that measure, absolutely and relative to major competitors world‐wide, the price competitiveness of Australia's MICE tourism industry; third, to compare Australia's price competitiveness as a MICE destination with its price competitiveness for total inbound tourism; fourth, to discuss the implications of the results for travel and tourism decision‐makers in both the private and public sectors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trade and associated groups in the English tourism policy arena
Authors: Tyler Duncan , Dinan Claire 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role and influence of trade and associated groups in England's tourism policy environment is of increasing importance given recent changes in the consultative processes undertaken by the Department of Culture Media and Sport (the government department sponsoring the tourism industry in Parliament). Yet researchers working within the realm of tourism studies have paid little attention to their characteristics, objectives and tactics. This article, therefore, sets out to address these issues by drawing on the results of phase one of a two‐phase research project into the influence of trade and associated groups on policy development. The article reports the findings of a survey into the objectives and tactics used by the groups in policy communications and links this to structural changes in the landscape of the tourism policy. In doing this it suggests how certain relationships have developed between government and groups, how groups collaborate on policy issues and how this may have influenced the direction of tourism policy in the England. Using the results of this research and an analysis of government policy related announcements over the past two years we hypothesise on how successful the groups have been to data, and proposes areas for future research. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.