bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, behavioral, and electrophysiological profiles along a continuum of suicide risk: evidence from an implicit association task
Authors: Lamontagne Steven J. , Gilbert Jessica R. , Zabala Paloma K. , Waldman Laura R. , Zarate Carlos A. , Ballard Elizabeth D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn urgent need exists to identify neural correlates associated with differing levels of suicide risk and develop novel, rapid-acting therapeutics to modulate activity within these neural networks.MethodsElectrophysiological correlates of suicide were evaluated using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 75 adults with differing levels of suicide risk. During MEG scanning, participants completed a modified Life-Death Implicit Association Task. MEG data were source-localized in the gamma (30–58 Hz) frequency, a proxy measure of excitation-inhibition balance. Dynamic causal modeling was used to evaluate differences in connectivity estimates between risk groups. A proof-of-concept, open-label, pilot study of five high risk participants examined changes in gamma power after administration of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), an NMDAR antagonist with rapid anti-suicide ideation effects.ResultsImplicit self-associations with death were stronger in the highest suicide risk group relative to all other groups, which did not differ from each other. Higher gamma power for self-death compared to self-life associations was found in the orbitofrontal cortex for the highest risk group and the insula and posterior cingulate cortex for the lowest risk group. Connectivity estimates between these regions differentiated the highest risk group from the full sample. Implicit associations with death were not affected by ketamine, but enhanced gamma power was found for self-death associations in the left insula post-ketamine compared to baseline.ConclusionsDifferential implicit cognitive processing of life and death appears to be linked to suicide risk, highlighting the need for objective measures of suicidal states. Pharmacotherapies that modulate gamma activity, particularly in the insula, may help mitigate risk.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02543983, NCT00397111.
Arming Slaves in Early Modern Maritime Asia
Authors: McManus Stuart M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile there are large literatures on both Islamic slave soldiers and the phenomenon of “arming slaves” in the Atlantic world, military slavery in early modern Asia is still poorly understood. Using a variety of Chinese, Latin, Spanish, and Portuguese sources, this article will argue that enslaved labour was frequently directed towards violence across early modern Asia, colonial or otherwise. At the same time, the phenomenon was far from uniform in the vast expanse of land and sea between East Africa and Japan. Rather, it is better to speak of a series of analogous regimes of bondage that interacted with each other across large distances, with the line between enslaved soldiers, mercenaries, and run-of-the-mill trader-raiders being vanishingly thin at times. Finally, all this existed within the context of military infrastructure in the broadest sense of the word that included fortresses, factories, and even war elephants.
Regimes of Bondage: The Encounter between Early Modern European and Asian Slaveries
Authors: McManus Stuart M , Ehalt Rômulo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis special issue focuses on the broader context and interconnectedness of different slave regimes in early modern Asia. Various transnational commercial and imperial projects influenced the waxing and waning of individual slave regimes, while internal and interpersonal conditions within polities also played important roles. The well-known European seaborne empires of Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and England were major drivers of this early modern slavery, but they coexisted and competed with other groups of trader-raiders. These included merchants from the Islamicate world and Chinese coastal regions, which connected Southeast Asia, Japan, Korea, and other regions. These extensive markets linked different regions together, such as the Malabar Coast with East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Red Sea. While the focus is on the Iberian expansion and its impact on the slave trade, this special issue acknowledges that slavery in Asia should be understood as a result of multiple overlapping and interacting regimes. Each article examines a particular regime while emphasizing its interactions with neighboring regions during the early modern period. The main focus is on the encounters between different slave regimes facilitated by early modern commercial networks. The history of slavery in early modern Asia involved clashes and cross-pollination between disparate slave systems. A further contribution relates to the terminology used to define and understand slavery in non-European contexts, which is still a subject of debate. The concept of “regimes of bondage” is adopted as an umbrella term to encompass the various forms of coerced, subaltern, and dependent labor in Asia during this period. Finally, by using local categories and sources, including European and non-European language materials, the special issue aims to recover marginalized perspectives and highlight the complexity and challenges of studying slavery in Asia.
Evaluation of a combined detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants using real-time allele-specific PCR strategy: an advantage for clinical practice
Authors: Chaves-Blanco Lucía , de Salazar Adolfo , Fuentes Ana , Viñuela Laura , Perez-Florido Javier , Dopazo Joaquín , García Federico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the ability of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with multiple targets to detect SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in a single test. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from patients in Granada, Spain, between January 2021 and December 2022. Five allele-specific RT-PCR kits were used sequentially, with each kit designed to detect a predominant variant at the time. When the Alpha variant was dominant, the kit included the HV69/70 deletion, E and N genes. When Delta replaced Alpha, the kit incorporated the L452R mutation in addition to E and N genes. When Omicron became dominant, L452R was replaced with the N679K mutation. Before incorporating each variant kit, a comparative analysis was carried out with SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing (WGS). The results demonstrated that RT-PCR with multiple targets can provide rapid and effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in a single test. A very high degree of agreement (96.2%) was obtained between the comparison of RT-PCR and WGS. Allele-specific RT-PCR assays make it easier to implement epidemiological surveillance systems for effective public health decision making.
The transformation of Mithraea in the Late Roman period
Authors: Walsh David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiscussions of mithraea tend to emphasize their uniformity. While it is true that many earlier mithraea do adhere to an established plan, there are a notable number of mithraea dating from the late 3rd c. onward that do not. This article discusses these various atypical mithraea, how such alterations to the standard mithraeum plan might have impacted on Mithraic rituals, and how this might have affected the experiences of the participants. It also explores why such changes occurred, observing that while in some instances this may have been to accommodate alterations to ritual practices, in others it was likely due to more mundane issues, such as limitations on space and environmental factors. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications this has for the identification of mithraea in the archaeological record.
The direct and indirect economic consequences of climate damage in poor countries
Authors: Knight John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe predictions of the adverse effects of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change are now accepted. Somewhat less attention has been given to the economic, social, and political consequences. The three interact: the former will have social and political effects, which in turn will harm economies and economic well-being. This analysis of poor countries draws on much recent evidence and various projections. Climate damage contributes to internal political instability and conflict. There is a risk that poor countries will be driven down economically, so reducing the capacity of their governments: some will become fragile states. Internal migration is likely to become a central policy issue. However, international migration will also grow. Climate damage will drag countries into both cooperation and conflict with each other. The effects on sending countries, contiguous countries, and destination countries are examined. This scenario presented is predictive but should be taken as a warning.
How does evidence-based medicine training affect medical students’ views on traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine and the conspiracy theories about COVID-19: a nationwide study
Authors: Coşkun Özlem , Kıyak Yavuz Selim , Budakoğlu Işıl İrem 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim:
It was aimed to explore the relationship between evidence-based medicine (EBM) training and medical students’ views on traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine (TCAM) and their views on conspiracies about COVID-19.

Background:
Medical students constitute the future workforce of primary health care services. The relationship between EBM training and their views on conspiracies about COVID-19 is critical to explore for providing a better primary health care. The relationship EBM training and medical students’ views on TCAM is also important in this regard.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study. Turkish medical students were surveyed about EBM training, TCAM, and COVID-19 conspiracies. The electronic survey form consisted of five parts: Demographic characteristics, views and self-perceived knowledge about TCAM and the methods, views on the origin of SARS-COV-2, participation in EBM training, and views on TCAM training. A total of 49 medical schools provided response. Along with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test was utilized.

Findings:
Among 2577 participants, 24.0% of them believed SARS-COV-2 was artificially designed. The students who have participated in EBM training via both lecture and small group discussions have a less positive view on TCAM than both the students who have not participated in any EBM training (p < 0.05) and the students who participated in only-lectures (p < 0.05). There was a significant association between EBM training and whether believing COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) has been designed purposefully by some people or it has emerged naturally χ2 (1) = 17.21 p < 0.001. The odds of thinking COVID-19 emerged naturally was 1.85 times higher (95% CI: 1.38-2.47) if the students have participated in EBM training via both lectures and small group discussions than if they have not participated in any EBM training. EBM training affects medical students in terms of beliefs on COVID-19 conspiracies.
On the Non-Discrimination Principles in Digital Trade
Authors: Suh Jeongmeen , Lee Joohyoung , Roh Jaeyoun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhat do the provisions on the non-discrimination principle (the principles) in digital trade mean under trade agreements, especially in the absence of a clear international consensus on the subject of the principles? To answer this question, this study first identifies the issues related to the application of the principles in digital trade and presents a theoretical framework to explain how the principles can affect digital trade despite such issues. Using various data sources, such as digital trade flows, the inclusion of the principles in digital trade agreements, and digital trade barriers, we empirically test the hypotheses constructed from our theoretical framework. We find that inclusion of the principles in the trade agreements is more likely to increase digital trade flows. Moreover, though digital trade barriers decrease digital trade flows, this negative effect can be mitigated when the principles are more clearly defined in the trade agreements.
Emotion dysregulation and family functioning moderate family caregiving burden during the pandemic
Authors: Kim Dahee , Russell Beth S. , Park Crystal L. , Fendrich Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesSince the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, additional risk factors affecting family caregivers’ mental health have arisen. Therefore, personal stress coping strategies and family dynamics became important factors in reducing the impact of the pandemic on family caregivers’ mental health. The present research aimed to estimate the association between COVID-19 stressors and family caregiving burden. Moreover, moderating effects of emotion dysregulation and family functioning on this association were investigated.MethodsThis study analyzed data collected in April 2021 from 154 family caregivers (Mage = 38.79, SDage = 9.36, range = 22–64) recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The impact of COVID-19 stressors on family caregiving burden was tested, and moderating impacts of emotion dysregulation and family functioning were also investigated.ResultsBoth COVID-19 stress exposure and stress appraisal were positively associated with family caregiving burden. Emotion dysregulation and problematic family functioning were also positively associated with family caregiving burden. A significant moderating effect of emotion dysregulation was found, such that family caregivers with higher emotion dysregulation were likely to feel more caregiving burden when they experienced more COVID-19 stressors.Significance of resultsThe current research highlighted the role of emotion regulation in reducing the negative impact of COVID-19 stressors on family caregiving burden. The research also emphasizes the need for intervention programs to improve emotion regulation strategies to decrease family caregiving burden during the pandemic.
Origins of Uncertainty in the Response of the Summer North Pacific Subtropical High to CO2 Forcing
Authors: Lu Kezhou , He Jie , Simpson Isla R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe variability of the summer North Pacific Subtropical High (NPSH) has substantial socioeconomic impacts. However, state‐of‐the‐art climate models significantly disagree on the response of the NPSH to anthropogenic warming. Inter‐model spread in NPSH projections originates from models' inconsistency in simulating tropical precipitation changes. This inconsistency in precipitation changes is partly due to inter‐model spread in tropical sea surface temperature (SST) changes, but it can also occur independently of uncertainty in SST changes. Here, we show that both types of precipitation uncertainty influence the NPSH via the Matsuno‐Gill wave response, but their relative impact varies by region. Through the modulation of low cloud fraction, inter‐model spread of the NPSH can have a further impact on extra‐tropical land surface temperature. The teleconnection between tropical precipitation and the NPSH is examined through a series of numerical experiments.
The Role of Small to Moderate Volcanic Eruptions in the Early 19th Century Climate
Authors: Fang Shih‐Wei , Sigl Michael , Toohey Matthew , Jungclaus Johann , Zanchettin Davide , Timmreck Claudia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSmall‐to‐moderate volcanic eruptions can lead to significant surface cooling when they occur clustered, as observed in recent decades. In this study, based on new high‐resolution ice‐core data from Greenland, we produce a new volcanic forcing data set that includes several small‐to‐moderate eruptions not included in prior reconstructions and investigate their climate impacts of the early 19th century through ensemble simulations with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. We find that clustered small‐to‐moderate eruptions produce significant additional global surface cooling (∼0.07 K) during the period 1812–1820, superposing with the cooling by large eruptions in 1809 (unidentified location) and 1815 (Tambora). This additional cooling helps explain the reconstructed long‐lasting cooling after the large eruptions, but simulated regional impacts cannot be confirmed with reconstructions due to a low signal‐to‐noise ratio. This study highlights the importance of small‐to‐moderate eruptions for climate simulations as their impacts can be comparable with that of solar irradiance changes.
Diagnosing the Linear Periodicity Dynamics of ENSO for Its Two Spatiotemporal Modes
Authors: Ren Hong‐Li , Wang Run 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is mainly manifested as the quasi‐biennial (QB) and low‐frequency (LF) coupled modes centered at different longitudes. Based on the recharge oscillator framework, we propose a new method to diagnose the linear periodicity dynamics of spatiotemporally diverse ENSOs, for example, the two coupled modes, to which the traditional Wyrtki index method is ineligible. This method is applied to reanalysis data sets and models and validated by comparisons with the Wyrtki index, which shows that the periodicity of the LF mode is dominated by the thermocline feedback (TH) and effectively reproduced by models, whereas the periodicity of the QB mode is equally driven by the TH and zonal advective feedback (ZA) and poorly simulated in most models due to the insufficient ZA simulations. The new method provides an effective tool for a deeper understanding of the multi‐timescale nature of diverse ENSOs and improving their representations in future models.
Triple‐Dip La Niña in 2020–23: North Pacific Atmosphere Drives 2nd Year La Niña
Authors: Iwakiri Tomoki , Imada Yukiko , Takaya Yuhei , Kataoka Takahito , Tatebe Hiroaki , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLa Niña persisted from 2020 to 2023, but its mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, atmosphere and ocean reanalysis and 100‐member initialized forecasts using a state‐of‐the‐art climate model were analyzed to identify factors contributing to the persistence of the first‐ to second‐year La Niña during 2020–2022. We found that North Pacific high pressure anomalies in the winter of 2020/2021 forced a negative phase of the Pacific meridional mode through the following spring, forming the broader structure of La Niña. The resultant broader La Niña pattern slowed down the recharge‐discharge process by Ekman transport, persisting La Niña. Ensemble forecast sensitivity analysis revealed that the meridional extent of La Niña explains its forecast spread, reaffirming the importance of La Niña spatial pattern. Advancing predictive understanding of 2020–2022 multi‐year La Niña can help to improve the extended seasonal forecast.
Bridging the Gap Between Experimental and Natural Fabrics: Modeling Ice Stream Fabric Evolution and its Comparison With Ice‐Core Data
Authors: Richards Daniel H. , Pegler Samuel S. , Piazolo Sandra , Stoll Nicolas , Weikusat Ilka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFabrics, also known as textures or crystallographic preferred orientations, reveal information about the deformation history of the flow of polycrystalline materials, including glacial ice, olivine in the mantle, and feldspar and quartz in the crust. Ice fabrics can have an order‐of‐magnitude effect on the ease of flow in ice sheets. However, due to the choice of ice core drill site locations, the outputs of fabric models have mostly been compared to observations from the least dynamic regions of the ice sheet (ice divides). Recently, fabric data from an active ice stream have become available from ice cores drilled at the East Greenland Ice‐core Project (EGRIP). In this work, we present a novel approach that combines satellite‐derived velocity data with the fabric evolution model SpecCAF, a continuum model based on dominant dislocation creep. We directly compare model output to ice‐core observations from EGRIP, allowing us to examine the quantitative predictions of calibrated fabric models alongside those of active ice streams for the first time. As the model is calibrated against laboratory experiments, it provides a surrogate to compare the evolution of fabrics under laboratory and natural conditions. The predictions show good qualitative agreement with the observed fabric patterns and orientations, suggesting that a fabric between a girdle and horizontal maximum, orientated perpendicular to the flow direction, is the characteristic ice stream fabric. A discrepancy in fabric strength is attributed to the lower strain rates of ice sheets compared to laboratory experiments, revealing a significant strain‐rate dependence in the processes controlling fabric evolution.
Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Randel William , Zhu Yunqian , Tilmes Simone , Starr Jon , Yu Wandi , Garcia Rolando , Toon Owen B. , Park Mijeong , Kinnison Douglas , Zhang Jun , Bourassa Adam , Rieger Landon , Warnock Taran , Li Jianghanyang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption in January 2022 injected unprecedented amounts of water vapor (H2O) and a moderate amount of the aerosol precursor sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropical stratosphere. The H2O and aerosol perturbations have persisted during 2022 and early 2023 and dispersed throughout the atmosphere. Observations show large‐scale SH stratospheric cooling, equatorward shift of the Antarctic polar vortex and slowing of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. Satellite observations show substantial ozone reductions over SH winter midlatitudes that coincide with the largest circulation anomalies. Chemistry‐climate model simulations forced by realistic HTHH inputs of H2O and SO2 qualitatively reproduce the observed evolution of the H2O and aerosol plumes over the first year, and the model exhibits stratospheric cooling, circulation changes and ozone effects similar to observed behavior. The agreement demonstrates that the observed stratospheric changes are caused by the HTHH volcanic influences.
Spatiotemporal cellular dynamics and molecular regulation of tooth root ontogeny
Authors: Rao Pengcheng , jing Junjun , Fan Yi , Zhou Chenchen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTooth root development involves intricate spatiotemporal cellular dynamics and molecular regulation. The initiation of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) induces odontoblast differentiation and the subsequent radicular dentin deposition. Precisely controlled signaling pathways modulate the behaviors of HERS and the fates of dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). Disruptions in these pathways lead to defects in root development, such as shortened roots and furcation abnormalities. Advances in dental stem cells, biomaterials, and bioprinting show immense promise for bioengineered tooth root regeneration. However, replicating the developmental intricacies of odontogenesis has not been resolved in clinical treatment and remains a major challenge in this field. Ongoing research focusing on the mechanisms of root development, advanced biomaterials, and manufacturing techniques will enable next-generation biological root regeneration that restores the physiological structure and function of the tooth root. This review summarizes recent discoveries in the underlying mechanisms governing root ontogeny and discusses some recent key findings in developing of new biologically based dental therapies.