bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An asymmetric synthesis of l‐[3‐13C]alanine
Authors: Takatori Kazuhiko , Toyama Sanae , Narumi Shoko , Fujii Seishiro , Kajiwara Masahiro 
Published: January 2004

Abstractl‐[3‐13C]Alanine was synthesized from [13C]methyl iodide by using Dellaria's oxazinone, prepared from phenyl[2‐13C]bromoacetate and (S)‐2‐phenylglycinol, as a chiral glycine equivalent. Alkylation of the oxazinone with [13C]methyl iodide was achieved with high diastereoselectivity. Hydrolysis and removal of the chiral auxiliary of the alkylated oxazinone gave l‐[3‐13C]alanine. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wall shear rates differ between the normal carotid, femoral, and brachial arteries: An in vivo MRI study
Authors: Wu Sheng Ping , Ringgaard Steffen , Oyre Sten , Hansen Michael S. , Rasmus Stokholm , Pedersen Erik M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate wall shear rates in vivo in the common carotid, brachial, and superficial femoral arteries using very high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phase contrast measurements.Materials and MethodsMean, maximum, and minimum wall shear rate and an oscillatory shear index were measured for 20 volunteers, aged 23.3 ± 1.9 years, in the three arteries, using phase contrast imaging with 0.0625 mm2 resolution and three‐dimensional paraboloid fitting.ResultsThe superficial femoral artery had the lowest mean (130.3 ± 13.1 second−1), maximum (735.8 ± 32.4 second−1), and minimum (–224.5 ± 17.0 second−1) wall shear rate, as well as the highest oscillatory shear index (0.21 ± 0.02). All values were significantly different (P < 0.05) from both the brachial artery and the common carotid artery values. The highest mean (333.3 ± 13.6 second−1) and minimum (117.9 ± 24.5 second−1) wall shear rates and the lowest oscillatory shear index (0 ± 0) were found in the common carotid artery.ConclusionIt is possible to measure wall shear rate in vivo in different arteries using MRI with very high resolution. The findings exhibit the in vivo environment of wall shear rates and suggest a nonuniform distribution of wall shear rates throughout the arterial system. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:188–193. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is half‐dose contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional MR angiography sufficient for the abdominal aorta and pelvis?
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Murakami Takamichi , Takamura Manabu , Kim Tonsok , Hori Masatoshi , Narumi Yoshifumi , Nakamura Hironobu 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the usefulness of half‐dose contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for depicting the abdominal aorta and its major branches.Materials and MethodsA total of 72 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups that underwent MR angiography after receiving different concentrations (original or diluted to 50%) and total amounts (single or half‐dose) of gadolinium chelate injected at different rates (1 or 0.5 mL/second). The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of the abdominal aorta and of the common and external iliac arteries were calculated, and two blinded readers rated the respective image qualities.ResultsThe SNR and CNR of the abdominal aorta and the common iliac artery in the 0.5 mL/second groups were statistically significantly lower than those in the 1 mL/second groups. The differences in overall image quality across the four groups were not statistically significant.ConclusionHalf‐dose MR angiography using diluted contrast medium injected at a rate of 1 mL/second depicted the abdominal aorta and its branches as clearly as using a full single dose. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:194–201. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient uterine myometrial contraction associated with moles
Authors: Hatakenaka Masamitsu , Yoshimitsu Kengo , Adachi Toshisada , Matsuda Takao , Wake Norio , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPurposeTo examine the incidence of transient distortion of uterine central tissue and myometrial hypointense areas observed on MR images in women with clinically suspicious moles.Materials and MethodsThe study population consisted of six women aged 15–47 years with clinically suspicious moles (hydatidiform mole in four, invasive mole in one, and microscopic mole in one). The control study population was 105 reproductive‐age women (18–52 years) without uterine malignancy, gestational trophoblastic disease, or pregnancy. MR images were analyzed to check for discrepancies of the uterine central tissue configuration. If a discrepancy was observed, the myometrial hypointense area, its diameter, and changes in its shape and location were analyzed.ResultsDifferences in uterine central tissue configuration and hypointense areas were observed in all six patients. In the control study, only seven cases showed uterine endometrial distortion, and five exhibited hypointense areas. These areas disappeared, changed in shape, or other hypointense areas appeared on subsequent MR images. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in the incidence of uterine central tissue distortion and hypointense areas, and in their maximum diameter between the study and the control groups were observed.ConclusionUterine myometrial hypointense areas with central tissue distortion, most likely due to transient myometrial contraction, are frequently seen in women with clinically suspicious moles. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:182–187. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The utility of MRCP in preoperative mapping of biliary anatomy in adult‐to‐adult living related liver transplant donors
Authors: Limanond Piyaporn , Raman Steven S. , Ghobrial R. Mark , Busuttil Ronald W. , Lu David S. K. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPurposeTo assess the utility of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in preoperative mapping of biliary anatomy in adult‐to‐adult living related liver transplant (LRLT) donors.Materials and MethodsFrom 57 potential donors with preoperative MRCP, 27 cases (16 men, 11 women, age range 22–51 years, mean 37.2 years) underwent right lobe resection and had intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) for comparison. The MRCP and IOC reports were retrospectively reviewed in all 27 cases. The MRCP was performed on 1.5 Tesla MR magnets using breath‐hold heavily T2‐weighted sequences in axial/coronal thin sections, and variable‐thickness rotating slabs. The accuracy of preoperative MRCP for biliary mapping in potential LRLT donors was analyzed compared to the IOC findings.ResultsOf 27 donors, 26 (96.3%) had MRCP which showed adequate information of central intrahepatic biliary anatomy. Of these, 19 had normal bifurcation confirmed by IOC, and single biliary anastomosis was created in the recipient at transplantation. MRCP correctly predicted 17 of 19 normal cases (sensitivity for normals: 89.5%). In seven donors with variant biliary anatomy, two separate biliary anastomoses were performed in the recipient. MRCP correctly predicted five of seven variants (sensitivity for variants: 71.4%). Overall, MRCP had an accuracy 84.6% (22/26).ConclusionsMRCP has potential in the preoperative assessment of nondilated bile ducts in LRLT donors, however further improvements are desired to increase its quality and accuracy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:209–215. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional pulmonary MR‐angiography: 1.0 M gadobutrol vs. 0.5 M gadopentetate dimeglumine
Authors: Fink Christian , Bock Michael , Kiessling Fabian , Lichy Matthias Philipp , Krissak Radko , Zuna Ivan , Schmähl Astrid , Delorme Stefan , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare contrast characteristics and image quality of 1.0 M gadobutrol with 0.5 M Gd‐DTPA for time‐resolved three‐dimensional pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).Materials and MethodsThirty‐one patients and five healthy volunteers were examined with a contrast‐enhanced time‐resolved pulmonary MRA protocol (fast low‐angle shot [FLASH] three‐dimensional, TR/TE = 2.2/1.0 msec, flip angle: 25°, scan time per three‐dimensional data set = 5.6 seconds). Patients were randomized to receive either 0.1 mmol/kg body weight (bw) or 0.2 mmol/kg bw gadobutrol, or 0.2 mmol/kg bw Gd‐DTPA. Volunteers were examined three times, twice with 0.2 mmol/kg bw gadobutrol using two different flip angles and once with 0.2 mmol/kg bw Gd‐DTPA. All contrast injections were performed at a rate of 5 mL/second. Image analysis included signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) measurements in lung arteries and veins, as well as a subjective analysis of image quality.ResultsIn patients, significantly higher SNR and CNR were observed with Gd‐DTPA compared to both doses of gadobutrol (SNR: 35–42 vs.17–25; CNR 33–39 vs. 16–23; P ≤ 0.05). No relevant differences were observed between 0.1 mmol/kg bw and 0.2 mmol/kg bw gadobutrol. In volunteers, gadobutrol and Gd‐DTPA achieved similar SNR and CNR. A significantly higher SNR and CNR was observed for gadobutrol‐enhanced MRA with an increased flip angle of 40°. Image quality was rated equal for both contrast agents.ConclusionNo relevant advantages of 1.0 M gadobutrol over 0.5 M Gd‐DTPA were observed for time‐resolved pulmonary MRA in this study. Potential explanations are T2/T2*‐effects caused by the high intravascular concentration when using high injection rates. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:202–208. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoic acid‐mediated induction of neurons and glial cells from human umbilical cord‐derived hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Jang Y.K. , Park J.J. , Lee M.C. , Yoon B.H. , Yang Y.S. , Yang S.E. , Kim S.U. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRecent studies reporting trans‐differentiation of mononucleated cells derived from human umbilical cord blood into neuronal cells aroused interest among investigators for their clinical implication and significance in regenerative medicine. In the present study, purified populations of hematopoietic stem cells were isolated via magnetic bead sorting and fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) using a specific CD133 antibody, a cell type‐specific marker for hematopoietic stem cells, and grown in culture in the presence of retinoic acid (RA). CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells expressed neuronal and glial phenotypes after RA treatment. RT‐PCR analysis indicated that the RA treated CD133+ cells expressed mRNA transcripts for ATP‐binding cassettes transporter ABCG2 (a universal stem cell marker), nestin (a specific cell type marker for neural stem cells), Musashi1 (a specific marker for neural stem cells) and RA receptors (RAR) including RAR‐α, RAR‐β, and retinoid X receptor (RXR)‐γ. RA‐treated CD133+ cells expressed mRNA transcripts for neuron‐specific markers neurofilament proteins (NF‐L, ‐M, ‐H) and synaptophysin as determined by RT‐PCR, structural proteins characteristic of neurons including tubulin β III and neuron specific enolase (NSE) by Western blot, and neuron‐specific markers NeuN and microtubule‐associated protein‐2 (MAP2) by immunocytochemistry. RA‐treated CD133+ cells also expressed the astrocyte‐specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as demonstrated by RT‐PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. In addition, RA‐treated CD133+ cells expressed cell type‐specific markers for oligodendrocytes including myelin basic protein (MBP) as shown by RT‐PCR, proteolipid protein (PLP) by Western blot analysis, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase) by immunostaining. Upregulated expression of several basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors important for early neurogenesis, including Otx2, Pax6, Wnt1, Olig2, Hash1 and NeuroD1, was also demonstrated in CD133+ cells after RA treatment. These results indicate that human cord blood‐derived CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells could trans‐differentiate into neural cell types of neuron‐like cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes by RA treatment. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of Jagged1, Jagged2, Delta‐like 1 and Delta‐like 3 expression during late embryonic and postnatal brain development suggest multiple functional roles in progenitors and differentiated cells
Authors: Irvin Dwain K. , Nakano Ichiro , Paucar Andreas , Kornblum Harley I. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe Notch‐DSL signaling system, consisting of multiple receptors and ligands, inhibits neurogenesis and promotes gliogenesis during embryonic development, but the specific function of the various ligands and receptors at later developmental stages are unknown. Here, we examined the expression pattern of four Delta, Serrate and Lag‐2 (DSL) ligands, Jagged1, Jagged2, Delta‐like1 (Dl1) and Delta‐like 3 (Dl3), in late embryonic and postnatal rat brain by in situ hybridization. In late embryos, Jagged1, Dl1 and Dl3 mRNAs were present in the periventricular germinal epithelia, but this expression diminished during postnatal ages. Jagged1 mRNA was also expressed in the inner aspect of the dentate gyrus at early postnatal times. Dl3 was detectable in the external granule cell layer (EGL) of the cerebellum, another site of postnatal neurogenesis. Jagged2 mRNA was expressed in virtually all postnatal neurons. Jagged1 mRNA was highly expressed in several brain nuclei during postnatal development, with lower levels of expression in other grey matter regions. In white matter, Dl1 and Dl3 mRNAs were expressed during the first week of postnatal development but only the expression of Dl1 mRNA persisted through the second week. Dl1 mRNA was present at lower levels throughout grey matter during the first few weeks of development. Jagged1 mRNA was expressed in blood vessels, choroid plexus, and menninges throughout development and in the adult. Jagged2 mRNA was transiently expressed in cerebral blood vessels and choroid plexus during the first postnatal week. Taken together, these results support multiple and differing roles for the various ligands during and after central nervous system (CNS) development. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Divalent cations modulate the activity of metabotropic glutamate receptors
Authors: Francesconi Anna , Duvoisin Robert M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and calcium receptors (CaR) are closely related G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). The similar structural and functional properties of mGluRs and CaRs include conserved amino acid residues involved in glutamate binding in mGluRs and Ca2+ binding in the CaR. Furthermore, recent findings have demonstrated that mGluRs can respond to high extracellular Ca2+ (Ca) whereas CaR activity is potentiated by L‐amino acids. We show that both mGluR1 and mGluR2 are activated by Ca in the absence of glutamate in the extracellular media. This activation by Ca is antagonized by Mg. Unlike the CaR, in which the intracellular carboxyl tail has been reported to be involved in Ca‐dependent activity, the carboxyl tail of mGluRs does not seem to play a role in mediating Ca actions. On the other hand, we find that preservation of disulfide bonds in the N‐terminal extracellular domain of mGluRs is essential for stimulation by Ca as well as glutamate. Because the mGluR1 EC50 for Ca is within the physiologic range of Ca2+ in the synaptic cleft, mGluR function is likely regulated by changes in divalent cations caused by synaptic activity under normal or pathologic conditions. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TIEG1 facilitates transforming growth factor‐β‐mediated apoptosis in the oligodendroglial cell line OLI‐neu
Authors: Bender Herdis , Wang Ziyuan , Schuster Norbert , Krieglstein Kerstin 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) plays an important role during the period of developmental cell death in the nervous system. Using the oligodendroglial precursor cell line OLI‐neu, we have previously established an in vitro system to analyze TGF‐β‐mediated cell death on the molecular level. We could show that the Krüppel‐like Zn‐finger transcription factor TIEG1 was up‐regulated after TGF‐β stimulation of OLI‐neu cells and mimicked TGF‐β effects in these cells; i.e., overexpression of TIEG1 in OLI‐neu cells induced apoptosis as shown by apoptosis ELISA, DNA fragmentation, and caspases‐3 activation. The apoptotic pathway seemed to be initiated by repressing the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐XL. In contrast, the reporter activity of a SMAD consensus promoter was induced, whereas the promoter activity of the inhibitory SMAD7 was reduced, suggesting that SMAD‐dependent TGF‐β responses, such as TGF‐β‐induced apoptosis, are enhanced in the presence of TIEG1. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) 12 is expressed in rat and human brain and localized to oligodendrocytes
Authors: Bernstein Hans‐Gert , Keilhoff Gerburg , Bukowska Alicja , Ziegeler Anke , Funke Sieglinde , Dobrowolny Henrik , Kanakis Dimitrios , Bogerts Bernhard , Lendeckel Uwe 
Published: January 2004

AbstractADAM12 is a member of the large family of multidomain metalloprotease‐disintegrins which possess cell‐binding and metalloprotease properties. Typically, ADAM12 is expressed in mesenchymal cells, developing and regenerating heart and skeletal muscle, bone as well as in certain tumours. This report shows by means of reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry that the protease ADAM12 is detectable in human and rat brain tissue as well as in cultured cells derived from rat brain. With the exception of a very few immunopositive pyramidal neurons in the developing rat brain, the cellular localization of ADAM12 was exclusively confined to oligodendroglial cells. Thus, ADAM12 may be regarded a new suitable marker for this cell type. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amino‐ and carboxyl‐terminal mutants of presenilin 1 cause neuronal cell death through distinct toxic mechanisms: Study of 27 different presenilin 1 mutants
Authors: Hashimoto Yuichi , Tsukamoto Emi , Niikura Takako , Yamagishi Yohichi , Ishizaka Miho , Aiso Sadakazu , Takashima Akihiko , Nishimoto Ikuo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPresenilin (PS)1 and its mutants, which consist of the N‐terminal and C‐terminal fragments, cause certain familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Our earlier studies found that FAD‐linked M146L‐PS1 causes neuronal cell death through nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS) and that FAD‐linked N141I‐PS2, another member of the PS family, causes neuronal cell death through NADPH oxidase. In this study, we examined 27 different FAD‐linked mutants of PS1, and found that PS1 mutants with mutations in the N‐terminal fragment caused NOS inhibitor (NOSI)‐sensitive neuronal cell death; in contrast, the PS1 mutants with mutations in the C‐terminal fragment caused NOSI‐resistant neuronal cell death. The former toxicity was resistant to the specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and was inhibited by Humanin (HN), a newly identified neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐relevant insults, but not by insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I). In contrast, the latter toxicity was sensitive to apocynin and inhibited by both IGF‐I and HN. This study indicates for the first time that N‐ and C‐terminal fragment PS1 mutants can generate distinct neurotoxic signals, which will provide an important clue to the understanding of the entire array of neurotoxic signals generated by FAD‐causative mutations of PS1. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered localization of Cav1.2 (L‐type) calcium channels in nerve fibers, Schwann cells, odontoblasts, and fibroblasts of tooth pulp after tooth injury
Authors: Westenbroek R.E. , Anderson N.L. , Byers M.R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe have determined the localization of Cav1.2 (L‐Type) Ca2+ channels in the cells and nerve fibers in molars of normal or injured rats. We observed high levels of immunostaining of L‐type Ca2+ channels in odontoblast cell bodies and their processes, in fibroblast cell bodies and in Schwann cells. Many Cav1.2‐containing unmyelinated and myelinated axons were also present in root nerves and proximal branches in coronal pulp, but were usually missing from nerve fibers in dentin. Labeling in the larger fibers was present along the axonal membrane, localized in axonal vesicles, and in nodal regions. After focal tooth injury, there is a marked loss of Cav1.2 channels in injured teeth. Immunostaining of Cav1.2 channels was lost selectively in nerve fibers and local cells of the tooth pulp within 10 min of the lesion, without loss of other Cav channel or pulpal labels. By 60 min, Cav1.2 channels in odontoblasts were detected again but at levels below controls, whereas fibroblasts were labeled well above control levels, similar to upregulation of Cav1.2 channels in astrocytes after injury. By 3 days after the injury, Cav1.2 channels were again detected in nerve fibers and immunostaining of fibroblasts and odontoblasts had returned to control levels. These findings provide new insight into the localization of Cav1.2 channels in dental pulp and sensory fibers, and demonstrate unexpected plasticity of channel distribution in response to nerve injury. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuritogenesis induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide, and peptide histidine methionine in SH‐SY5y cells is associated with regulated expression of cytoskeleton mRNAs and proteins
Authors: Héraud Céline , Hilairet Sandrine , Muller Jean‐Marc , Leterrier Jean‐François , Chadéneau Corinne 
Published: January 2004

AbstractVasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the related peptides pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM) are known to regulate proliferation and/or differentiation in normal and tumoral cells. In this study, neuritogenesis in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells cultured in serum‐free medium was induced by VIP, PACAP, and PHM. The establishment of this process was followed by the quantification of neurite length and branching and the expression of neurofilament mRNAs, neurofilament proteins, and other cytoskeletal protein markers of neuronal differentiation: neuron‐specific MAPs and β‐tubulin III. Neurite length and branching and the expression of most markers tested were increased by VIP and PACAP in a similar, although slightly different, fashion. In contrast, neuritic elongation induced by PHM was correlated with neither an increase in branching or neurofilament mRNAs nor a clear change in the expression of cytoskeleton proteins, with the exception of the stimulation by PHM of doublecortin, a microtubule‐associated marker of migrating neuroblasts. These findings are the first evidence from a human neuron‐like cell line for 1) a direct regulation of the metabolism of neurofilaments by VIP and PACAP and 2) the induction by PHM of neuritic processes of an apparent immature character. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.