bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐Induced Minimization of Circulating Tumor Cells to Suppress Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Sun Da , Yu Bingchen , Xu Rui , Wang Chenzheng , Pang Kai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are key indicators of tumor metastasis. Effective clearance of CTCs can reduce the probability of metastasis. We designed a system for the real‐time dynamic monitoring and clearance of CTCs, capable of monitoring and clearing CTCs in the living circulatory system. Experimental results showed that pulsed laser treatment significantly affects the clearance of melanoma CTCs. Through in vivo imaging of small animals and survival analysis of mice, we observed that CTC clearance could reduce the size of distant metastatic lesions and prolong the lifespan of the mice. Additionally, we set up a hemolysis experiment to demonstrate that the laser energy used does not cause damage to red blood cells. This study is based on the physical and mechanical destruction of CTCs, meaning there is no issue of drug resistance. This provides a novel approach and technical means for suppressing tumor metastasis and extending the lifespan of patients in clinical settings.
Development of HIV Drug‐Resistance Mutations and Antiretroviral Efficacy Among Vietnamese Patients After Failure of 5‐Year First‐Line Therapy
Authors: Hung Than Manh , Bang Le Van Nguyen , Van Duyet Le 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe emergence of drug‐resistant mutations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) over time presents a challenge to treatment. We describe the development of drug‐resistance mutations and ART efficacy reduction in Vietnamese patients with failure of first‐line ART during a 5‐year period.MethodsThis is a 5‐year observational cohort study with HIV viral loads of patients evaluated annually for 5 years (2017–2022) at the hospitals in Vietnam. Patients with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were subjected to identifying mutations in reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase to evaluate HIV resistance and the efficacy of ART.ResultsAfter 5 years of monitoring the HIV load of 2932 patients on ART, 75 (2.56%) patients had concurrent virological failure at all 5 years. In 2017, only 2/75 HIV strains possessed Protease Inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations, while 75/75 HIV strains had both Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) and Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) resistance mutations. Only four PI resistance variants were found, while 40 and 32 mutations were resistant to NRTIs and NNRTIs. After 5 years, the number of HIV PI resistance mutations had increased to 14, with 13 new mutations emerging. There were six novel mutations associated with resistance to NRTIs, NNRTIs, and the proportion of preexisting mutations increased from 1.3% to 13.3%. Furthermore, HIV sensitivity to ART decreased from 2.7% to 18.6%.ConclusionAfter 5 years, HIV had increased resistance mutations to PIs, NRTIs, and NNRTIs, with PI resistance mutations increasing the most rapidly, and the decrease in HIV sensitivity to PIs was higher than that to NRTIs and NNRTIs.
Large Friable Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor Complicated by Hemorrhagic Shock: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abboud Yazan , Qureshi Imran , Khrais Ayham , Le Alexander , Patel Param , Ozbilgin Ozlem Fidan , Vossough‐Teehan Sima 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms that are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. There are limited data on the presentation and management of high‐grade poorly differentiated large friable rectal NETs. We report the first case of an 87‐year‐old male who presented with chronic diarrhea and subsequently had severe hematochezia complicated by hemorrhagic shock and cardiac arrest and was diagnosed with a 7‐cm high‐grade friable rectal NET. Our case sheds light on the need to consider NETs in cases of chronic diarrhea and on the importance of endoscopy‐guided biopsy in the diagnosis and categorization, which can guide management.
Differential associations between race‐based traumatic stress and major, everyday, and vicarious racial discrimination among young adults of color
Authors: Woolverton Genevieve Alice , Yip Tiffany , Rastogi Ritika , Hahm Hyeouk Chris , Liu Cindy H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRace‐based traumatic stress (RBTS) is a psychological response to racial discrimination among individuals with marginalized racial/ethnic identities, but the literature about how different forms of racial discrimination contribute to RBTS is lacking. We compared the effects of major, everyday, and vicarious racial discrimination on RBTS and evaluated the associations between ethnic–racial identity (ERI) and RBTS. Analyses used cross‐sectional survey data from Black, Asian, and Latine young adults (N = 1,342, Mage = 25.9 years) collected in 2022. Demographic variables; major, everyday, and vicarious racial discrimination; ERI commitment and exploration; and RBTS were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify correlates of RBTS. Everyday, β = .37, p < .001; vicarious, β = .16, p < .001; and major racial discrimination, β = .16, p = .004, predicted RBTS. Neither ERI commitment nor ERI exploration was significantly associated with RBTS. Race did not moderate the associations between major, everyday, or vicarious discrimination and RBTS, highlighting that Black, Asian, and Latine young adults appear to be equally at risk. As most vicarious racial discrimination and RBTS research has focused on Black samples, we expand the literature by including Latine and Asian young adults. Our observation that vicarious racial discrimination was a similarly strong predictor of RBTS compared to everyday and major racial discrimination underscores the importance of its inclusion in research focused on discrimination and mental health. Taken together, clinical assessment should focus on questions related to diverse experiences of racial discrimination for individuals with marginalized racial identities.
Robotic functional alignment in knee arthroplasty minimizes impact on ankle alignment: Role of MPTA and LDFA preservation
Authors: Sangaletti Rudy , Montagna Alice , Calandra Giulio , Andriollo Luca , Bna Claudio , Benazzo Francesco , Rossi Stefano Marco Paolo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeAlignment strategies in knee arthroplasty have a profound influence not only on knee biomechanics but also on the biomechanics of adjacent joints, particularly the ankle. Functional alignment (FA) represents a flexible alignment strategy aimed at achieving patient‐specific balance. However, predefined boundaries are often applied to ensure mechanical stability, leading to adjustments in the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) while still respecting the patient's native alignment as much as possible. FA is a patient‐specific strategy that seeks to respect the patient's preoperative phenotype or constitutional alignment while achieving a balanced and stable knee. The hypothesis is that FA strategies can protect the ankle from excessive biomechanical stress.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 300 consecutive patients who underwent robotic‐assisted knee arthroplasty. Preoperative and 6‐month post‐operative radiographic evaluations measured key ankle parameters, tibial plafond inclination (TPI), talar inclination (TI) and Talar Tilt (TT). Statistical analyses evaluated the influence of alignment strategies on these parameters, with particular focus on whether MPTA and LDFA crossed the 90° threshold, indicating a shift from varus to valgus or vice versa.ResultsFA demonstrated smaller changes in ankle parameters compared to mechanical alignment (MA). In the FA group, mean changes were 1.8° for KTPA (standard deviation [SD] = 1.1°, p = 0.03), 2.4° for TPI (SD = 1.0°, p = 0.04), 2.1° for TI (SD = 1.3°, p = 0.05) and 1.7° for TT (SD = 0.9°, p = 0.04). The MA group showed greater deviations: 3.9° for KTPA (SD = 1.5°, p = 0.01), 5.2° for TPI (SD = 1.2°, p = 0.02), 4.8° for TI (SD = 1.4°, p = 0.03) and 3.6° for TT (SD = 1.1°, p = 0.04). Alterations in LDFA and MPTA exceeding 2° were significantly associated with worsening ankle alignment. Furthermore, FA, with its goal of maintaining Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification, was associated with minimal modifications to ankle angles, suggesting potential biomechanical benefits as reported in the literature.ConclusionsFA was associated with smaller changes in ankle alignment parameters, indicating its ability to better preserve native joint positioning. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to confirm these benefits and further establish the FA strategy as a standard in knee arthroplasty, particularly its capacity to maintain CPAK classification alignment.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Historical Variation in Carbon Fractions in Permafrost Peatland and Its Effects on Peatland Carbon Pool
Authors: Cong Jinxin , Li Guangxin , Han Dongxue , Wang Guoping , Gao Chuanyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPermafrost peatlands store high amount of soil carbon. These developed on permafrost layers, which are being endangered increasingly by climate change and wildfires. However, limited data exist on the variation in carbon fractions and their effects on the stability of permafrost peatland carbon pools, despite that carbon fractions are widely used in other ecosystems. Here, we considered that peat soils consist of undecomposed plant litter and separated these into five carbon fractions: macro plant residue carbon (MPRC), coarse particulate organic carbon (cPOC), free particulate organic carbon (fPOC), occluded particulate organic carbon (oPOC), and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC). We analyzed the historical variation in these fractions over the past 700 years and their effects on the carbon pool in the Hongtu peatland (HT, northern Great Khingan Mountains, China). Our results showed that MPRC comprised 66.7% ± 7.6% of the carbon pool, whereas oPOC and MAOC accounted for less than 1%. Notably, fPOC, which represented 15.6% ± 6.5% of the total carbon, had a high aromatic content. It may serve as an important stable carbon fraction for the peatland carbon pool. Over the past 700 years, the decrease in proportion of MPRC and increase in proportions of cPOC and fPOC have resulted in significant increases in both carbon content and aromaticity. Warm/dry conditions and high‐intensity fires reduced the accumulation rates (ARs) of MPRC while increasing those of fPOC and cPOC. The high organic carbon content in the HT peatland limited the availability of mineral elements and resulted in MAOC ARs of approximately 0.01 g m−2 yr−1. This was strongly influenced by the regional dust deposition. Cold climates and intense fires caused an increase in dust deposition, which also increased the MAOC ARs.
Terahertz GaAs Indicator Chip Based on High‐Q‐Factor Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons Resonator
Authors: Wan Ming , Wang Jiangpeng , Bao Di , Fan Fei , Gao Hao , Qu Zhen Yu , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpoof localized surface plasmons (spoof LSPs, SLSPs) have recently emerged as high‐quality‐factor (Q‐factor) multipole electromagnetic resonant structures, showcasing considerable promise in the field of sensing. However, sensing in the terahertz band presents notable challenges. Here, a dual‐port coupled SLSPs resonator and a single‐port coupled SLSPs resonator are proposed with phase separated excitation, both exhibiting high‐Q‐factors in the terahertz band. The dual‐port coupled SLSPs can sustain both odd resonance mode and even resonance mode, whereas the single‐port coupled SLSPs can generate vortex wave resonance modes and asymmetric modes. In the measurement, the highest Q value of the dual‐port resonator is 69 at the frequency of 179.4 GHz. Equally noteworthy is the single‐port resonator, which reaches a groundbreaking Q‐factor of 405.4 at the frequency of 150 GHz, marking a significant advancement in the Q‐factors of passive devices. Biosensing for Bletilla, Fritillaria, Rhubarb, and glucose in the terahertz band is implemented, with the maximum frequency shift of 15.8 GHz for the dual‐port coupled SLSPs and 7.8 GHz for the single‐port coupled SLSPs. The maximum sensing figures of merits (FoM) are 4.1 and 12.9RIU−1 for the dual‐ and single‐port resonators, respectively, underscoring substantial potentials of this work in the realm of terahertz sensing.
Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing Uncovers a Triple Diagnosis: X‐Linked Chondrodysplasia Punctata, MECP2‐Related Disorder, and Mosaic Jacobs Syndrome
Authors: Samuels Megan , Shields Kathleen , Hillman Paul , Farach Laura 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRapid Whole Genome Sequencing (rWGS) is increasingly being used in neonatal intensive care units, as there is growing evidence that rare singe gene disorders present in the neonatal period and early identification can change management. While the diagnostic utility is increased with this broad testing, the possibility of unexpected findings also increases significantly. Here, we present a patient found to have three distinct genetic conditions through rWGS testing, with significant psychosocial and health consequences.Methods and ResultsThis case report describes a patient who was identified with a form of chondrodysplasia punctata, as well as incidental findings of MECP2‐related disorder and Jacobs' syndrome. To our knowledge, this is one of the first documented cases of triple genetic diagnoses in the literature, underscoring the expanding clinical utility of rWGS.ConclusionOur patient represents a unique example of the utility of rWGS in the NICU setting. As two of the three conditions were unexpected results, his case is an important reminder of the possibility of unexpected findings for both providers and families. His case demonstrates the importance of pretest counseling and consenting processes, particularly in an acute setting. It also will add to our understanding of MECP2 variant presentations in males in the future.
Electron beam monitoring of a modified conventional medical accelerator with a portable current transformer system traceable to primary electrical standards
Authors: Renaud James , Muir Bryan Richard , Williams Andrew , McEwen Malcolm 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundUltra‐high dose rate radiotherapy (UHDR) delivers therapeutic doses at rates >40 Gy/s in a fraction of a second, aiming to enhance the therapeutic ratio through the FLASH effect. The substantial increase in UHDR beam current poses serious challenges for conventional active dosimeters. Integrating current transformers (ICT) offer a nondestructive solution for accurate monitoring, enabling the type of fast transient readout that will be crucial for UHDR treatment verification.PurposeThe aim of this study is to build and characterize a clinically deployable ICT system and to develop an accurate calibration methodology for absolute charge determination that is traceable to primary electrical standards.MethodsThe ICT was constructed from a Super MuMetal® toroid, and its secondary winding was made from 50 Ω coaxial cable. A 3D‐printed case with an internal conductive coating shields the toroid assembly from interference. The ICT readout involves a custom differential amplifier and a commercial flash analog‐to‐digital converter. The system was calibrated using a bespoke sub‐µs current pulser in the range of (2 to 16) mA, which itself is traceable to electrical standards via an in‐house built electrometer with a calibrated feedback capacitor. The performance of the ICT was evaluated as a milliampere‐scale beam monitor against concurrent absorbed dose graphite calorimetry irradiation measurements acquired on a specially tuned medical accelerator for UHDR delivery.ResultsThe ICT responses for nominal test pulses, generated by a function generator and a current pulser, exhibited accurate reproduction of rise and fall times within the 1 ns sampling frequency. A systematic droop effect of 0.6(1)%/µs was observed but is accounted for through the calibration chain. The calibration of the current pulser exhibited a repeatability typically better than 0.05%, with a slowly‐varying leakage that can be subtracted using a linear regression of the leakage current. The ICT charge calibration demonstrated a repeatability in the range of (0.5 to < 0.05)% for charge per pulse values in the range of (0.5 to 50) nC, respectively. The ICT response showed a strong linear relationship (adj‐R2 = 0.99997) to charge per pulse. The in‐beam comparison with a graphite calorimeter demonstrated the effectiveness of the ICT as an online beam monitor, independent of pulse repetition frequency in the range of (25 to 200) Hz, reducing the mean excess (i.e., independent of accelerator output) calorimeter variation to 0.3% (0.1% standard error on the mean).ConclusionsThis work demonstrates the feasibility of accurately calibrating the ICT in terms of absolute charge and applying it as a clinically deployable monitoring system of mA‐scale electron beams delivered by a medical accelerator.
The Effect of Massage, Acupressure and Reflexology on Restless Legs Syndrome Severity and Sleep Quality in Patients Receiving Haemodialysis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Döner Ayser , Taşci Sultan , Bilgin Aylin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to review massage, acupressure and reflexology interventions applied to haemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome and to examine the effects of these interventions on sleep quality.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesA systematic literature search was conducted on databases ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCO and PubMed.MethodsThe Modified Jadad scale was used. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Stata 15.0 software, with the aim of evaluating heterogeneity between studies using both chi‐square and I2 statistics. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using both the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and statistical tests. A funnel plot was used to detect potential publication bias, which is indicated by an asymmetry in the plot. The Egger regression test was also performed to evaluate publication bias.ResultsTwelve studies were selected for the meta‐analysis. All studies included in this meta‐analysis were of good quality. In the subgroup analysis, it was determined that massage and acupressure reduced the severity of restless legs syndrome as a result of the intervention, while reflexology had no effect. Interventions did not affect the sleep quality of patients. Restless legs syndrome severity was significantly reduced in studies using oil and in studies that intervened for more than 15 min per session.ConclusionInterventions applied to haemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome can reduce the severity of restless legs syndrome. It is recommended to conduct randomised controlled trials that determine the effects of methods on restless legs syndrome severity and sleep quality in haemodialysis patients.
Organotin(IV) Alkoxides, Siloxides, and Related Stannoxanes. Characterisation and Thermogravimetric Studies
Authors: Penciu Vlad , Bizo Liliana , Varga Richard A. , Someşan Adrian‐Alexandru 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA series of C,O‐chelated organotin(IV) alkoxides, L2PhSnOtBu (4), L2PhSnOMe (6), L2Sn(OtBu)2 (11), and siloxides L2PhSnOSiPh3 (3), L2Sn(OSiPh3)2 (10) (L=[2‐(CH2O)2CH]C6H4), was prepared by salt elimination reactions. They were obtained from the organotin(IV) iodides L2PhSnI (1) or L2SnI2 (2) upon reactions with tBuOK, MeONa or Ph3SiONa, respectively, in dry THF or methanol. Under non‐inert conditions, compounds 4 and 6 undergo combined hydrolysis and condensation to give the hexaorganodistannoxane (L2PhSn)2O (5). The stannoxane 5 is easily hydrolysed to L2PhSnOH (7), which quickly converts back when heated. Basic hydrolysis of diiodide 2 produces the cyclic oxide (L2SnO)3 (8). Its reaction with an equimolar amount of Ph3SiONa gives only a mixture of the expected L2SnI(OSiPh3) (9), 10 and the precursor, 2. Yet, 8 shows a unique reactivity pattern when combine with m‐tolyl boronic acid, affording stannaboroxane (L2SnO)2OB(m‐tol) (12). All the isolated species were characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The solid‐state molecular structures of 1–5, 10–12 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis of 3–5, 8, 10, and 12 was conducted.
Clonal dynamics of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia progression: paired‐sample comparison
Authors: Kao Hsiao‐Wen , Kuo Ming‐Chung , Ou Che‐Wei , Huang Ting‐Yu , Chang Hung , Lin Tung‐Liang , Hung Yu‐Shin , Wu Jin‐Hou , Shih Lee‐Yung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigated the clonal evolution of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) by next‐generation sequencing and pyrosequencing for variant allele frequency (VAF) of gene mutations and SNP microarray for copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN‐LOH) in 38 paired samples from CMML/sAML patients of Taiwanese origin. The median interval between CMML and sAML samples collection was 14.9 months (1.0–89.6). RUNX1 (57%), TET2 (46%), SRSF2 (37%), and ASXL1 (28%) mutations were frequent at CMML diagnosis. Baseline VAF in epigenetic regulator genes was high (>35%) in 83% of mutational events at the CMML phase, remained stable in 78% (VAF changes <10%), and increased in 20% (increased VAF > 10%) during progression to sAML. Transcription factor genes showed high VAF (>35%) in 51% at the CMML phase, and stable VAF in 60% during progression. VAF of spliceosome genes was high (>35%) in 70% at CMML phase, and stable in 61% during progression. Activated signaling genes exhibited acquisition or loss during progression. TET2 mutations were often founding clones, and SRSF2, ASXL1, DNMT3A, EZH2, or spliceosome genes also acted as ancestral mutations. RUNX1 mutations were typically later events and occasionally ancestral hits or germline mutations. Acquisition of cytogenetic changes, signaling pathways genes (PTPN11, FLT3, NRAS, CBL), or AML‐defined genes (NPM1, CEBPA, CBFB::MYH11) by linear or branching evolution occurred during sAML progression. CN‐LOH was noted in EZH2, CBL, TET2, and DNMT3A genes. CEBPA mutation and concurrent biallelic TET2 with NRAS mutations at CMML diagnosis were risk factors for time to AML progression and overall survival. A characteristic ASXL1MT/RUNX1MT/SpliceosomeMT/signalingWT genetic profile was associated with monocyte counts of 0.5–1.0 × 109/l. This study highlights the complexity and heterogeneity of dynamic changes in clonal architecture during CMML progression, emphasizing its importance in pathogenesis, phenotype, risk stratification, and therapeutic strategy. © 2025 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.