bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissimilar Material Joining of Densified Superwood to Aluminum by Adhesive Bonding
Authors: Hartsfield Matt , Chen Bo , Liu Yu , He Shuaiming , Leiste Ulrich H. , Fourney William L. , Li Teng , Hu Liangbing , Luo Alan A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Superwood is a densified wood product that shows promise as a lightweight and renewable alternative for metallic materials. In order for this high-performance new material to be used in multi-material products, it must be able to be joined with other major materials. For example, joining superwood to aluminum would provide a key enabling technology for its use in automotive components since aluminum is presently a major lightweight material for such applications. In this paper, a methacrylate-based adhesive has been identified to provide high lap shear strength (7.5 MPa) for aluminum-to-superwood joints. The aluminum-to-superwood samples were prepared with different amounts of pre-polishing to create openings to the pores in the superwood so adhesive could penetrate into them and create a mechanical interlock, in addition to the hydrogen/chemical bonding at the surface between the methyl methacrylate (MMA) in methacrylate-based adhesive and the cellulose in superwood. For aluminum samples, a thin layer (typically a few nanometres) of oxide film on the surfaces provides hydrogen/chemical bond to MMA structure in the adhesive layer. The failure strength of the superwood-to-aluminum joint sample is about 50% higher than that of natural wood to natural wood joint sample, and comparable to that of aluminum-to-aluminum joint sample.
Efficacy and safety of antibiotics for treatment of leptospirosis : A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ji Zhenhua , Jian Miaomiao , Su Xuan , Pan Yingyi , Duan Yi , Ma Weijie , Zhong Lei , Yang Jiaru , Song Jieqin , Wu Xinya , Gao Li , Ma Weijiang , Kong Jing , Li Bingxue , Chen Jinjing , Liu Meixiao , Fan Yuxin , Peng Li , Dong Yan , Bao Fukai , Liu Aihua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Leptospirosis, an important zoonotic bacterial disease, commonly affects resource-poor populations and results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The value of antibiotics in leptospirosis remains unclear, as evidenced by the conflicting opinions published. ​
Methods We conducted a search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for studies. These studies included clinical trials and retrospective studies that evaluated the efficacy or safety of antibiotics for leptospirosis treatment. The primary outcomes assessed were defervescence time, mortality rate, and hospital stays. Subgroup analyses were performed based on whether there were cases involving children and whether there were cases of severe jaundice. Safety was defined as the prevalence of adverse events associated with the use of antibiotics. P scores were utilized to rank the efficacy of the antibiotics.
Results There are included 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 control trial (CT), and 3 retrospective studies (RS) involving 920 patients and 8 antibiotics. Six antibiotics resulted in significantly shorter defervescence times compared to the control, namely cefotaxime (MD, -1.88; 95% CI= -2.60 to -1.15), azithromycin (MD, -1.74; 95% CI= -2.52 to -0.95), doxycycline (MD, -1.53; 95% CI= -2.05 to -1.00), ceftriaxone (MD, -1.22; 95% CI= -1.89 to -0.55), penicillin (MD, -1.22; 95% CI= -1.80 to -0.64), and penicillin or ampicillin (MD, -0.08; 95% CI= -1.01 to -0.59). The antibiotics were not effective for reducing the mortality and hospital stays. Common adverse reactions to antibiotics included Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, rash, headache, and digestive reactions (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and others).
Conclusions Findings recommend that leptospirosis patients be treated with antibiotics, which significantly reduced the leptospirosis defervescence time. Cephalosporins, doxycycline, and penicillin are suggested, and azithromycin may be a suitable alternative for drug-resistant cases.
PROSPERO registration number CRD42022354938
Life course analysis using deep learning approaches: a simulation study
Authors: Coupland Helen , Scheidwasser Neil , Katsiferis Alexandros , Flaxman Seth , Rod Naja Hulvej , Mishra Swapnil , Bhatt Samir , Unwin H. Juliette T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Life course theory seeks to explain the cause of negative health outcomes in an individual’s life through intricate interactions between different exposure events. The methodology used in life course theory requires longitudinal cohort data, but these data are invariably sparse due to a combination of rare exposure events and high dimensionality. Traditionally these problems have been analysed using group-based trajectory approaches or structural equation models. These methods depend on assumptions about the nature of the connections between different exposures and the outcome limiting their complexity and, therefore, model accuracy. Here, we explore the utility of deep learning (DL) approaches to capture complexities both across variables and through time. We hypothesise that these reflect a more accurate mathematical description of life course theory. We conducted an extensive synthetic study where data are simulated from representative life course patterns drawn from the literature. We find that DL methods can accurately detect complex patterns in time that baseline linear models cannot. We find that while these DL models perform worse with noisy data, they are still reliable in detecting outcomes generated from complex time series patterns. Our analysis suggests that DL approaches may be a suitable null model for studying life course theory.
The role of the pulmonary veins on left atrial hemodynamics and thrombus formation
Authors: Mill Jordi , Harrison Josquin , Saiz-Vivo Marta , Albors Carlos , Morales Xabier , Olivares Andy Luis , Iriart Xavier , Cochet Hubert , Noailly Jerome , Sermesant Maxime , Camara Oscar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common human arrhythmia, forming thrombi mostly in the left atrial appendage (LAA). However, the relation between LAA morphology, blood patterns and clot formation is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, the impact of anatomical structures like the pulmonary veins (PVs) have not been thoroughly studied due to data acquisition difficulties. In-silico studies with flow simulations provide a detailed analysis of hemodynamics under different boundary conditions, but a limited number of cases have been reported in the literature. To address these gaps, we investigated the influence of PVs on LA hemodynamics and thrombus formation risk through computational fluid dynamics simulations conducted on a sizable cohort of 130 patients, establishing the largest cohort of patient-specific LA fluid simulations reported to date. The investigation encompassed an in-depth analysis of several parameters, including pulmonary vein orientation (e.g., angles) and configuration (e.g., number), LAA and LA volumes as well as their ratio, flow, and mass-less particles. Our findings highlight the total number of particles within the LAA as a key parameter for distinguishing between the thrombus and non-thrombus groups. Moreover, the angles between the different PVs play an important role to determine the flow going inside the LAA and consequently the risk of thrombus formation. The alignment between the LAA and the main direction of the left superior pulmonary vein, or the position of the right pulmonary vein when it exhibits greater inclination, had an impact to distinguish the control group vs the thrombus group. These insights shed light on the intricate relationship between PV configuration, LAA morphology, and thrombus formation, underscoring the importance of comprehensive hemodynamic analyses.
Comparative study of 1H-NMR metabolomic profile of canine synovial fluid in patients affected by four progressive stages of spontaneous osteoarthritis
Authors: Piccionello Angela Palumbo , Sassaroli Sara , Pennasilico Luca , Rossi Giacomo , Cerbo Alessandro Di , Riccio Valentina , Bella Caterina Di , Laghi Luca , Angelini Maddalena , Marini Carlotta , Magi Gian Enrico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to assess the metabolomic profile of the synovial fluid (SF) of dogs affected by spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) and compare any differences based on disease progression. Sixty client-owned dogs affected by spontaneous OA underwent clinical, radiographic, and cytologic evaluations to confirm the diagnosis. The affected joints were divided into four study groups based on the Kallgreen–Lawrence classification: OA1 (mild), OA2 (moderate), OA3 (severe), and OA4 (extremely severe/deforming). The osteoarthritic joint’s SF was subjected to cytologic examination and 1H-NMR analysis. The metabolomic profiles of the study groups’ SF samples were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA. Sixty osteoarthritic joints were included in the study. Fourteen, 28, and 18 joints were included in the OA1, OA2, and OA3 groups, respectively (0 joints in the OA4 group). Metabolomic analysis identified 48 metabolites, five of which were significantly different between study groups: Mannose and betaine were elevated in the OA1 group compared with the OA2 group, and the 2-hydroxyisobutyrate concentration decreased with OA progression; in contrast, isoleucine was less concentrated in mild vs. moderate OA, and lactate increased in severe OA. This study identified different 1H-NMR metabolomic profiles of canine SF in patients with progressive degrees of spontaneous OA, suggesting 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis as a potential alternative method for monitoring OA progression. In addition, the results suggest the therapeutic potentials of the metabolomic pathways that involve mannose, betaine, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoleucine, and lactate.
Dynamics of different phosphorus fractions during rewetting and subsequent drying of air-dried calcareous soils
Authors: Jin Jiayao , Dai Gang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aims
The effect of drying and rewetting (DRW) on soil labile phosphorus has been extensively studied, while its effect on the dynamics of metastable phosphorus fractions is poorly understood. This study aims to characterize the changes in the different phosphorus fractions during soil moisture fluctuation and reveal the driving force behind it.
Methods
Ca2-IP, Ca8-IP, Al-IP and Fe-IP were sequentially extracted during rewetting and subsequent drying of four different air-dried calcareous soils. Ca2-OP, MBP and other soil properties were also determined. Correlation analysis was conducted to study the inter-transition of these fractions during soil moisture fluctuation.
Results
The sum of all the extracted phosphorus content (Ca2-IP, Ca8-IP, Al-IP, Fe-IP, Ca2-OP, and MBP) increased firstly and then declined to the starting levels at the end of incubation. The metastable phosphorus (Ca8-IP, Al-IP, and Fe-IP) constituted a major fraction of the temporal increase, appearing to be sensitive to the moisture fluctuation. The correlation analysis showed that the soil moisture was likely a master factor controlling the distribution of different phosphorus fractions. Correlation between different metastable phosphorus appeared to be pH-sensitive: in the slightly acidic soil, Al-IP was negatively correlated with Ca2-P, Ca8-IP, and Fe-P; In the alkaline soils, Al-IP was positively correlated with Ca2-IP, Ca8-IP, and Fe-P.
Conclusions
Our study found that metastable phosphorus was also sensitive to DRW. Considering that metastable phosphorus is also plant-available, detailed study of the dynamics of metastable phosphorus during the drying and rewetting cycles across different soil types is necessary.
Prosthesis preference in the adult USA population with partial edentulism
Authors: Li Jiale , Ji Zhaohua , Zhao Zhe , Wang Fu , Tian Min 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prosthesis and investigate how demographic and socioeconomic characteristics influence preferences for restoration types in the adult population of the United States over 20 years of age.
Methods
The study utilized data from 7,805 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) conducted from 2017 to March 2020, prior to the pandemic. Among participants with partial edentulism, we examined demographic and socioeconomic variables, dentition status, and restoration types. Separate measurements were taken for the maxilla and mandible jaws. Restoration types included "restoration (R)" and "no restoration (N)." The restoration group encompassed two types: removable partial dentures (RPDs) and fixed partial dentures (FPDs). We compared the percentage of categorical variables between restoration types using chi-square tests. Multinomial logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between prosthetic preferences and demographic and socioeconomic factors, both unadjusted and adjusted for all characteristics, including the number of missing teeth.
Results
The proportion of participants wearing only RPDs or FPDs relative to those without any restorations was 0.33 in the maxilla and 0.23 in the mandible. In the maxilla, the number of participants wearing only RPDs relative to those wearing only FPDs was 1.00, while in the mandible, it was 1.38. The results indicated that individuals who were younger, male, of Mexican American or Non-Hispanic Black ethnicity, possessed lower educational attainment, were never married, had a low income-to-poverty ratio, held private insurance, or were unemployed were more inclined to choose no restoration. In contrast, older males, Non-Hispanic Black individuals, those with lower educational attainment, lower income-to-poverty ratios, and those who were unemployed or retired were more likely to choose RPDs over FPDs. Furthermore, never-married individuals and those with private insurance were more likely to choose FPDs in the maxilla (p ≤ 0.01).
Conclusions
Significant differences were observed among restoration types and demographic and socioeconomic variables, as well as dentition status in both the upper and lower jaws.
Clinical significance
By controlling for demographic characteristics, this study underscores the significance of socioeconomic variables in the restoration of partial edentulism.
Digitisation and Georeferencing of an Oversized Historical Map of the Bailiwick of Neuland (Winsen/Luhe) using Structure-from-motion (SFM) Photogrammetry
Authors: Kersten Thomas P. , Stößel Leon , Lindstaedt Maren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of historical maps has gained significant importance in recent years due to their ability to shed light on past geographical and topographic landscapes, since they serve as crucial sources for understanding past conditions. They do not only provide insights into the geography and topography during the time they were created but also allow for studying long-term changes over time. In this study, an oversized historical map of the Bailiwick of Neuland from the years 1780 to 1790 was discovered in the archives of the municipal building office in Winsen an der Luhe, Germany. The map, measuring approximately 5 m × 2 m, was digitised by photogrammetric methods and subsequently georeferenced. The process involved photographing the map with two different cameras and two UAV systems at the Geodetic Laboratory of HafenCity University Hamburg. This allowed to generate a high-resolution orthophoto from each data set. The resulting orthophoto achieved a pixel size of 0.2 mm, ensuring detailed representation of the map. To ensure accuracy, the best photo block was scaled in a bundle block adjustment using control points with an accuracy of 1 mm and scale bars with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Georeferencing of the historical map was conducted using current digital orthophotos of Lower Saxony with a resolution of 20 cm. A third-degree polynomial transformation was applied during georeferencing, resulting in mean residuals of 2.5 m at the ground control points. This process ensured that the historical map was accurately aligned with the current digital orthophotos, allowing for precise spatial referencing.
Multi-User Directional Modulation with Reconfigurable Holographic Surfaces
Authors: YAĞAN Muhammet Yaser , KEŞİR Samed , HÖKELEK İbrahim , PUSANE Ali Emre , GÖRÇİN Ali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Large intelligent surfaces arise as an emerging technology and critical building block for sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. Reconfigurable holographic surfaces (RHSs) have been attracting significant attention recently as active antenna arrays with the capability of forming narrow beams at low cost and complexity. This paper introduces the directional modulation (DM) concept for RHS, where a large number of elements is exploited to control not only the signal's power at the receiver but also its phase. Thus, a novel DM algorithm is proposed for RHS enables modulating a carrier wave to transmit information towards specific directions while broadcasting arbitrary signals towards other directions. Error vector magnitude (EVM) results are reported for multiple users, where the directions of two users with respect to the RHS are varied. Mutual information result is also provided for 6 users to demonstrate the application of RHS for the physical layer security. Results are highly promising for future low-cost and secure spatially multiplexed communications.
Confronting the Invincible: Emerging superbug Acinetobacter baumannii endocarditis
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Kattamuri Lakshmi Prasanna Vaishnavi , Krishna Sai Vamshi , Soneja Manish 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Acinetobacter baumannii causing endocarditis, though rare, affects both native and prosthetic valves. Limited clinical data exist, emphasizing the risk of delayed diagnosis and higher mortality in native valve cases. Multidrug resistance and limited therapeutic options make it necessary to adopt tailored strategies for successful management.
Case Presentation
We report a young male with a history of anabolic steroid and intravenous drug use presented with a week-long history of high-grade fever, jaundice, diminished vision, and shortness of breath. Initial investigations and imaging revealed mitral and aortic valve endocarditis, prompting surgical intervention. Subsequent culture of the vegetation isolated Acinetobacter baumannii and was treated with targeted antibiotic therapy.
Conclusions
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant pathogen emerging as a cause of native and prosthetic valve endocarditis. There have only been a few case reports regarding Acinetobacter baumannii. We want to highlight the importance of surgery and culture-guided antibiotics for successful outcomes.
Exploring the Knowledge and Skills Required for Effective Family Caregiving in Elderly Home Care. A qualitative study
Authors: Hailu Gebrezabher , Abdelkader Muntaha , Asfaw Feven , Meles Hailemariam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Back ground: Family caregivers play a crucial role in providing physical, emotional, and social support to the elderly, allowing them to maintain their independence and stay in their preferred living environment. However, family caregivers face numerous challenges and require specific knowledge and skills to provide effective care. These caregivers are often untrained and may lack the necessary knowledge and skills to fulfill their caregiving responsibilities adequately. Therefore, understanding the knowledge and skills required for effective family caregiving in elderly home care is vital to support both the caregivers and the elderly recipients. Methods: The research was carried out in Mekelle City, Ethiopia, utilizing the phenomenology study design and purposive sampling technique. A total of twenty-two in-depth interviews were conducted. Data was gathered through the use of an open-ended guide, transcribed word-for-word, inputted into ATLAS.ti8 software, and translated. Codes and themes were then extracted from the transcribed data, and a thematic analysis was performed. Results: This study involved a total of 22 in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that while the participants possessed knowledge of common health issues faced by older individuals, they lacked knowledge regarding home based management care of these conditions and awareness of healthcare resources specially designed for the elderly. Additionally, they were not well informed about appropriate exercise routines, fall prevention, and home healthcare activities for older individuals. However, they demonstrated a strong understanding and awareness of abusive behaviors targeted towards older adults. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the need for improving education and training for family care givers in the management of geriatric health conditions, promoting awareness about specialized healthcare services for the elderly, enhancing knowledge of ADLs and fall prevention, and providing comprehensive training in healthcare activities relevant to elder care.
Eosinophilic duodenitis misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis in a child: a case report
Authors: Yu Jia-ke , Chen Yi , Cao Hai , Liu Fang , Yao Huan-ying , Liu Wei-rong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders beyond Eosinophilic Esophagitis (non-EoE EGIDs) are chronic rare inflammatory disorders characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Case presentation: We report the first pediatric case of eosinophilic duodenitis (one type of the non-EoE EGIDs) with concomitant pancreatic reaction that was misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis (AP). A 13-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital for a week of abdominal distension, vomiting, and epigastric pain that worsened recently. She was suspected of AP based on increased amylase and lipase values and relevant imaging findings. During hospitalization, her clinical manifestation improved, while the eosinophilia was more aggravated without a known cause. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed, and histopathological evidence demonstrated the diagnosis of Eosinophilic duodenitis, which was treated with oral prednisone tapering. During the 1-year follow-up, the patient was symptom-free and presented no signs of recurrence.
Conclusions: Although rare, pediatricians should consider non-EoE EGIDs and not falsely diagnose AP in children with increased amylase and lipase values and peripheral blood eosinophilia.