bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infinitely many solutions for quasilinear Schrödinger equation with concave-convex nonlinearities
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Chen Caisheng , Chen Qiang , Wei Yunfeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, we study the existence of infinitely many solutions to the following quasilinear Schrödinger equations with a parameter α and a concave-convex nonlinearity: $$\begin{aligned}& -\Delta _{p}u+V(x) \vert u \vert ^{p-2}u-\Delta _{p}\bigl( \vert u \vert ^{2\alpha}\bigr) \vert u \vert ^{2\alpha -2}u= \lambda h_{1}(x) \vert u \vert ^{m-2}u+h_{2}(x) \vert u \vert ^{q-2}u, \\& \quad x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, \end{aligned}$$

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Challenges in remote sensing based climate and crop monitoring: navigating the complexities using AI
Authors: Han Huimin , Liu Zehua , Li Jiuhao , Zeng Zhixiong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe fast human climate change we are witnessing in the early twenty-first century is inextricably linked to the health and function of the biosphere. Climate change is affecting ecosystems through changes in mean conditions and variability, as well as other related changes such as increased ocean acidification and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. It also interacts with other ecological stresses like as degradation, defaunation, and fragmentation.Ecology and climate monitoring are critical to understanding the complicated interactions between ecosystems and changing climate trends. This review paper dives into the issues of ecological and climate monitoring, emphasizing the complications caused by technical limits, data integration, scale differences, and the critical requirement for accurate and timely information. Understanding the ecological dynamics of these climatic impacts, identifying hotspots of susceptibility and resistance, and identifying management measures that may aid biosphere resilience to climate change are all necessary. At the same time, ecosystems can help with climate change mitigation and adaptation. The processes, possibilities, and constraints of such nature-based climate change solutions must be investigated and assessed. Addressing these issues is critical for developing successful policies and strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change and promoting sustainable ecosystem management. Human actions inscribe their stamp in the big narrative of our planet’s story, affecting the very substance of the global atmosphere. This transformation goes beyond chemistry, casting a spell on the physical characteristics that choreograph Earth’s brilliant dance. These qualities, like heavenly notes, create a song that echoes deep into the biosphere. We go on a journey via recorded tales of ecological transformation as they respond to the ever-shifting environment in this text. We peek into the rich fabric of change, drawing insight from interconnected observatories. Nonetheless, this growing symphony is set to unleash additional transformational stories - narratives of natural riches and rhythms that are both economically and environmentally essential. Understanding these stories is essential for navigating this developing epic. A roadmap for sustainable development necessitates the ability to comprehend these stories, a problem that resonates across the breadth of monitoring programs, particularly in the infancy of integrated sites.
Effect of huankuile on colon injury in rats with ulcerative colitis by reducing TNF-α and MMP9
Authors: Wushouer Xilinguli , Aximujiang Kasimujiang , Kadeer Nafeisha , Aihemaiti Abulaiti , Zhong Li , Yunusi Kurexi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To explore the mechanism of huankuile (HKL) in colon injury repair in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods
Fifty SPF Wistar male rats were divided randomly into a normal group, a negative control group, an HKL intervention group (‘HKL group’) and a 5-aminosalicylic acid intervention group (‘5-ASA group’). After 14 days of intervention with corresponding drugs, pathological scores were obtained using the results of immunohistochemical staining; morphological changes were observed by hematoxylin–eosin staining, and the mRNA expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.

Results
After the successful construction of the rat model, it was compared with the rats in the normal group. In the negative group, it was found that the expression of TNF-α and MMP9 was significantly increased in the colonic mucosal epithelia of the rats, the pathological score was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, MMP9 and IL-13 were increased (P < 0.05). After treatment with HKL, the colonic morphology of the rats returned to normal, the expression of TNF-α and MMP9 in the colonic mucosal epithelium of the rats returned to normal, the pathological score grade was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, MMP9 and IL-13 were reduced; these results were largely consistent with those of the normal group, with no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion
HKL effectively improved the general symptoms and tissue injury in UC rats, and the therapeutic effect was better than that of 5-ASA group. Ulcerative colitis in rats increased the expression of TNF-α, MMP9 and IL-13. HKL repaired UC-induced colonic injury in rats by decreasing the expression of TNF-α, MMP9 and IL-13.
Large variation in anti-factor Xa levels with nadroparin as thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients
Authors: de Maat Monique M.R. , van Leeuwen Henk J. , Roovers Lian , Ahlers Sabine J.G.M. , Lambers Jolanda , Hovens Marcel M.C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients receive thromboprophylaxis with the LMWH nadroparin. Whether a standard dosage is adequate in attaining the target anti-FXa levels (0.20–0.50 IU/ml) in these groups is unknown.

Methods
This study was a prospective, observational study in the ICU of a large general teaching hospital in the Netherlands. COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU who received LMWH in a prophylactic dosage of 2850 IU, 5700 IU or 11400 IU subcutaneously were eligible for the study. Anti-FXa levels were determined 4 h after administration. Relevant laboratory parameters, prespecified co-variates and clinical data were extracted from the electronic health record system. The primary goal was to evaluate anti-FXa levels in critically ill patients on a prophylactic dosage of nadroparin. The second goal was to investigate whether covariates had an influence on anti-FXa levels.

Results
A total of 62 patients were included in the analysis. In the COVID-19 group and non-COVID-19 group, 29 (96%) and 12 patients (38%) reached anti-FXa levels above 0.20 IU/ml, respectively. In the non-COVID-19 group, 63% of the patients had anti-FXA levels below the target range. When adjusted for nadroparin dosage a significant relation was found between body weight and the anti-FXa level (p = 0.013).

Conclusion
A standard nadroparin dosage of 2850 IU sc in the critically ill patient is not sufficient to attain target anti-FXa levels in the majority of the studied patient group. We suggest a standard higher dosage in combination with body-weight dependent dosing as it leads to better exposure to nadroparin.

Clinical trials registration
Retrospectively registered, ClinicalTrials.gov ID NTC 05926518 g, date of registration 06/01/23, unique ID 2020/1725.
Can the regional 3D stress field according to the Wallace–Bott hypothesis predict fault slip directions of future large earthquakes?
Authors: Ishibe Takeo , Terakawa Toshiko , Hashima Akinori , Mochizuki Masashi , Matsu’ura Ritsuko S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen evaluating strong ground motions and tsunamis from specified source faults, it is required that the input parameters, such as fault geometry, rake angle, and slip amount, do not deviate from those of a real earthquake. Recently, a regional three-dimensional (3D) tectonic stress field was used to estimate rake angles for mapped submarine faults with the Wallace–Bott hypothesis (WBH), the direction of fault slip was parallel to the resolved stress vector on a preexisting fault, and strong ground motions and tsunamis were simulated. However, this modeling technique has not been adequately validated. Additionally, it is necessary to examine how the stress field estimated from seismological data for a limited period (~ 10 years) can be used as a proxy for the long-term tectonic stress field. In this study, to provide such validation, we utilized two catalogs of focal mechanism solutions for earthquakes and compared the observed rake angles with those calculated from the regional 3D tectonic stress field with the WBH by fixing the fault strike and dip angles according to those from the focal mechanism data. The resulting misfit angles between the observed and calculated rake angles are generally small (ranging between − 30° and 30°), excluding several regions (e.g., the source and surrounding regions of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and swarm-like activities activated after the 2011 quake). We also confirmed that the calculated rake angles and classified fault types are consistent with geomorphologically and geologically evaluated types of faulting for major Quaternary active faults in the Kyushu district of southwest Japan. These results support the validity and effectiveness of estimating rake angles for a specific fault with known geometry from the above method and data, while also showing that close attention is needed to apply this method to, for example, seismically inactive regions where the inverted stress field includes significant uncertainties and/or near sites of recent and large earthquakes where the stress field has been perturbed.
Graphical Abstract
Genetic analysis of albinism caused by compound heterozygous mutations of the OCA2 gene in a Chinese family
Authors: Wang Yanan , Chang Yujie , Gao Mingya , Zang Weiwei , Liu Xiaofei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by a reduced or complete lack of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes. Patients present with colorless retina, pale pink iris, and pupil, and fear of light. The skin, eyebrows, hair, and other body hair are white or yellowish-white. These conditions are caused by mutations in specific genes necessary for the production of melanin. OCA is divided into eight clinical types (OCA1-8), each with different clinical phenotypes and potential genetic factors. This study aimed to identify the genetic causes of non-syndromic OCA in a Chinese Han family.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive clinical examination of family members, screened for mutation loci using whole exome sequencing (WES) technology, and predicted mutations using In silico tools.

Results
The patient’s clinical manifestations were white skin, yellow hair, a few freckles on the cheeks and bridge of the nose, decreased vision, blue iris, poorly defined optic disk borders, pigmentation of the fundus being insufficient, and significant vascular exposure. The WES test results indicate that the patient has compound heterozygous mutations in the OCA2 gene (c.1258G > A (p.G420R), c.1441G > A (p.A481T), and c.2267-2 A > C), respectively, originating from her parents. Among them, c.1258G > A (p.G420R) is a de novo mutation with pathogenic. Our analysis suggests that compound heterozygous mutations in the OCA2 gene are the primary cause of the disease in this patient.

Conclusions
The widespread application of next-generation sequencing technologies such as WES in clinical practice can effectively replace conventional detection methods and assist in the diagnosis of clinical diseases more quickly and accurately. The newly discovered c.1258G > A (p.G420R) mutation can update and expand the gene mutation spectrum of OCA2-type albinism.
A study protocol for a predictive model to assess population-based avoidable hospitalization risk: Avoidable Hospitalization Population Risk Prediction Tool (AvHPoRT)
Authors: Rosella Laura C. , Hurst Mackenzie , O’Neill Meghan , Pagalan Lief , Diemert Lori , Kornas Kathy , Hong Andy , Fisher Stacey , Manuel Douglas G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionAvoidable hospitalizations are considered preventable given effective and timely primary care management and are an important indicator of health system performance. The ability to predict avoidable hospitalizations at the population level represents a significant advantage for health system decision-makers that could facilitate proactive intervention for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs). The aim of this study is to develop and validate the Avoidable Hospitalization Population Risk Tool (AvHPoRT) that will predict the 5-year risk of first avoidable hospitalization for seven ACSCs using self-reported, routinely collected population health survey data.Methods and analysisThe derivation cohort will consist of respondents to the first 3 cycles (2000/01, 2003/04, 2005/06) of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) who are 18–74 years of age at survey administration and a hold-out data set will be used for external validation. Outcome information on avoidable hospitalizations for 5 years following the CCHS interview will be assessed through data linkage to the Discharge Abstract Database (1999/2000–2017/2018) for an estimated sample size of 394,600. Candidate predictor variables will include demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, self-perceived health measures, health behaviors, chronic conditions, and area-based measures. Sex-specific algorithms will be developed using Weibull accelerated failure time survival models. The model will be validated both using split set cross-validation and external temporal validation split using cycles 2000–2006 compared to 2007–2012. We will assess measures of overall predictive performance (NagelkerkeR2), calibration (calibration plots), and discrimination (Harrell’s concordance statistic). Development of the model will be informed by the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the University of Toronto Research Ethics Board. The predictive algorithm and findings from this work will be disseminated at scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed publications.
Ultrasound attenuation of cortical bone correlates with biomechanical, microstructural, and compositional properties
Authors: Jerban Saeed , Barrere Victor , Namiranian Behnam , Wu Yuanshan , Alenezi Salem , Dorthe Erik , Dlima Darryl , Shah Sameer B. , Chung Christine B. , Du Jiang , Andre Michael P. , Chang Eric Y. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
We investigated the relationship of two commonly used quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters, speed of sound (SoS) and attenuation coefficient (α), with water and macromolecular contents of bovine cortical bone strips as measured with ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
SoS and α were measured in 36 bovine cortical bone strips utilizing a single-element transducer with nominal 5 MHz center frequency based on the time of flight principles after accommodating for reflection losses. Specimens were then scanned using UTE MRI to measure total, bound, and pore water proton density (TWPD, BWPD, and PWPD) as well as macromolecular proton fraction and macromolecular transverse relaxation time (T2-MM). Specimens were also scanned using microcomputed tomography (μCT) at 9-μm isometric voxel size to measure bone mineral density (BMD), porosity, and pore size. The elastic modulus (E) of each specimen was measured using a 4-point bending test.

Results
α demonstrated significant positive Spearman correlations with E (R = 0.69) and BMD (R = 0.44) while showing significant negative correlations with porosity (R = -0.41), T2-MM (R = -0.47), TWPD (R = -0.68), BWPD (R = -0.67), and PWPD (R = -0.45).

Conclusions
The negative correlation between α and T2-MM is likely indicating the relationship between QUS and collagen matrix organization. The higher correlations of α with BWPD than with PWPD may indicate that water organized in finer structure (bound to matrix) provides lower acoustic impedance than water in larger pores, which is yet to be investigated thoroughly.

Relevance statement
This study highlights the importance of future investigations exploring the relationship between QUS measures and all major components of the bone, including the collagenous matrix and water. Investigating the full potential of QUS and its validation facilitates a more affordable and accessible tool for bone health monitoring in clinics.

Key points
• Ultrasound attenuation demonstrated significant positive correlations with bone mechanics and mineral density.
• Ultrasound attenuation demonstrated significant negative correlations with porosity and bone water contents.
• This study highlights the importance of future investigations exploring the relationship between QUS measures and all major components of the bone.

Graphical Abstract
Local studies provide a global perspective of the impacts of climate change on Indigenous Peoples and local communities
Authors: Reyes-García Victoria , García-Del-Amo David , Porcuna-Ferrer Anna , Schlingmann Anna , Abazeri Mariam , Attoh Emmanuel M. N. A. N. , Vieira da Cunha Ávila Julia , Ayanlade Ayansina , Babai Daniel , Benyei Petra , Calvet-Mir Laura , Carmona Rosario , Caviedes Julián , Chah Jane , Chakauya Rumbidzayi , Cuní-Sanchez Aida , Fernández-Llamazares Álvaro , Galappaththi Eranga K. , Gerkey Drew , Graham Sonia , Guillerminet Théo , Huanca Tomás , Ibarra José Tomás , Junqueira André B. , Li Xiaoyue , López-Maldonado Yolanda , Mattalia Giulia , Samakov Aibek , Schunko Christoph , Seidler Reinmar , Sharakhmatova Victoria , Singh Priyatma , Tofighi-Niaki Adrien , Torrents-Ticó Miquel ,   LICCI Consortium, Álvarez-Fernández Santiago , Bulamah Rodrigo C. , Chambon Mouna , Chao Ogi , Chen Zhuo , Chengula Fasco , Cruz-Gispert Albert , Demichelis Christophe , Dudina Evgeniya , Gallois Sandrine , Glauser Marcos , Guillerminet Théo , Hirsch Eric , Izquierdo Andrea E. , Junsberg Leneisja , Mariel Juliette , Miara Mohamed D. , Miñarro Sara , Porcher Vincent , Shrestha Uttam B. , Sharma Alpy , Ulambayar Tungalag , Wu Rihan , Zakari Ibrahim S. , Zant Marijn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIndigenous Peoples and local communities with nature-dependent livelihoods are disproportionately affected by climate change impacts, but their experience, knowledge and needs receive inadequate attention in climate research and policy. Here, we discuss three key findings of a collaborative research consortium arising from the Local Indicators of Climate Change Impacts project. First, reports of environmental change by Indigenous Peoples and local communities provide holistic, relational, placed-based, culturally-grounded and multi-causal understandings of change, largely focused on processes and elements that are relevant to local livelihoods and cultures. These reports demonstrate that the impacts of climate change intersect with and exacerbate historical effects of socioeconomic and political marginalization. Second, drawing on rich bodies of inter-generational knowledge, Indigenous Peoples and local communities have developed context-specific responses to environmental change grounded in local resources and strategies that often absorb the impacts of multiple drivers of change. Indigenous Peoples and local communities adjust in diverse ways to impacts on their livelihoods, but the adoption of responses often comes at a significant cost due to economic, political, and socio-cultural barriers operating at societal, community, household, and individual levels. Finally, divergent understandings of change challenge generalizations in research examining the human dimensions of climate change. Evidence from Indigenous and local knowledge systems is context-dependent and not always aligned with scientific evidence. Exploring divergent understandings of the concept of change derived from different knowledge systems can yield new insights which may help prioritize research and policy actions to address local needs and priorities.
Association of IL-4 (− 590 C/T) and IL-6 (− 174 G/C) gene polymorphism in South Indian CKD patients
Authors: Sevak Vandit , Chinniah Rathika , Pandi Sasiharan , Sampathkumar K. , Dinakaran T. , Karuppiah Balakrishnan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
The present study was undertaken to examine the role of IL-4 (− 590 C/T) (rs2243250) and IL-6 (− 174G/C) (rs1800795) polymorphism and the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
The IL-4 (− 590C/T) and IL-6 (− 174 G/C) polymorphisms were genotyped in 132 CKD patients and 161 controls using PCR–RFLP. Serum IL-4 and IL-6 quantifications were performed by ELISA.

Results
Significant susceptible associations of CT genotype (OR = 4.56; p < 1.84 × 10–9) and T allele (OR = 1.56; p < 0.010) of IL-4 (− 590C/T) and CC genotype (OR = 2.63; p < 0.032) of IL-6 (− 174G/C) were observed for CKD. The CC genotype (OR = 0.27; p < 9.314 × 10–7) and C allele (OR = 0.63; p < 0.010) of IL-4 (− 590 C/T) revealed strong protective associations. Five-fold increased levels were observed for both IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and IL-4 (p < 0.0043) cytokines in CKD patients than the controls. The IL-4 serum levels (pg/ml) increased significantly in patients with CT and TT genotypes of IL-4 (− 590 C/T) than the controls (6.18 ± 1.80 vs. 3.33 ± 0.48 and 6.14 ± 1.96 vs. 3.21 ± 0.56 respectively). For IL-6 (− 174 G/C) polymorphism, the patients with CC genotype (6.50 ± 1.30 vs. 3.49 ± 1.39) revealed with higher IL-6 serum levels followed by GC genotype (5.00 ± 1.91 vs. 4.01 ± 1.74).

Conclusion
The genotypes of IL-4 (590 C/T) and IL-6 (174 G/C) polymorphisms contribute differential susceptibility in south Indian CKD patients. A fivefold increased serum levels of IL-4 (anti-inflammatory) and IL-6 (pro- and anti-inflammatory) cytokines were documented in CKD patients. There observed an opposite trend in disease association for these two cytokines and associated SNPs with CKD in south India.