bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the regulation of mitochondrial functions by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation
Authors: Akabane Shiori , Oka Toshihiko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)—protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is a highly conserved pathway in eukaryotes and plays a central role in cell signaling cascades in response to environmental changes. Elevated cAMP levels promote the activation of PKA, which phosphorylates various downstream proteins. Many cytosolic and nuclear proteins, such as metabolic enzymes and transcriptional factors, have been identified as substrates for PKA, suggesting that PKA-mediated regulation occurs predominantly in the cytosol. Mitochondrial proteins are also phosphorylated by PKA, and PKA-mediated phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins is considered to control a variety of mitochondrial functions, including oxidative phosphorylation, protein import, morphology and quality control. In this review, we outline PKA mitochondrial substrates and summarize the regulation of mitochondrial functions through PKA-mediated phosphorylation.
Caregiver Ratings of Toddler Pain: The Role of Caregiver Psychological Predictors
Authors: Zaffino Jessica V , Shiff Ilana , Stern Amy P , Flanders Dan , Weinberg Eitan , Savlov Deena , Garfield Hartley , Pillai Riddell Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Aim
Young children’s limited ability to self-report pain necessitates an understanding of the factors that influence pain ratings. The current paper examines the relative prediction of caregiver psychological factors and toddler pain behaviors on caregiver pain ratings post-vaccination.

Methods
One hundred fifty-six parent–toddler dyads were video recorded during pediatric vaccinations. Child pain behaviors were coded before, during, and after the needle using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Scale and the Neonatal Facial Coding System). Caregivers rated their child’s pain after the needle, reported pre- and post-needle worry during the visit, and completed rating scales assessing other areas of psychological functioning within 2 weeks after the appointment. Regression models were estimated to examine the relative contribution of child and caregiver factors to the prediction of caregiver pain ratings.

Results
The regression model predicting caregiver pain ratings from the toddlers’ pain-related distress (facial activity immediately after the needle, overall pain-related behavior immediately after, 1-min and 2-min post-needle) and caregiver worry were significant (adjusted R-square = 0.21), with caregiver pre- and post-needle worry being the only significant predictors of caregiver pain ratings.

Conclusions
This study outlines that although child distress behavior remains a significant influence on pain ratings during toddlerhood, when caregiver worry (pre- and post-needle) was entered into the model, they were the only significant predictors of caregiver pain ratings.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Initially Presenting as Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy Variant of Guillain–Barre Syndrome in a Healthy Active Duty Female
Authors: Braun Samantha , Bastian Luisa , Hayes Corey , Owen Samuel Craig , Craig Cassandra , Nelson Alexis 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute monophasic immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by rapidly evolving ascending weakness, mild sensory loss, and hypo- or areflexia, typically progressing to peak symptoms over the course of 4 weeks. The precise mechanism is unclear but is proposed to be an immune-mediated reaction with the generation of antibodies against peripheral nerves triggered by a preceding viral infection. Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) is a rare and severe variant of Guillain–Barre syndrome with limited published literature. Discussion of risk factors for this subtype has not been done in a systematic way. This case report involves a 34-year-old, active duty, West African female, who immigrated to the United States in 2019. She presented with worsening diplopia, bilateral distal upper and lower extremity paresthesias as well as progressively worsening bilateral upper extremity weakness. Her clinical picture was complicated by constitutional symptoms, diffuse lymphadenopathy, no preceding viral illness, and marked clinical deterioration. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy in the setting of a new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, a rarely described association emphasizing the importance of a thorough evaluation for underlying causes of acute neurologic pathologies.
Seen and unseen: bursty star formation and its implications for observations of high-redshift galaxies with JWST
Authors: Sun Guochao , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hayward Christopher C , Shen Xuejian 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Both observations and simulations have shown strong evidence for highly time-variable star formation in low-mass and/or high-redshift galaxies, which has important observational implications because high-redshift galaxy samples are rest-ultraviolet (rest-UV) selected and therefore particularly sensitive to the recent star formation. Using a suite of cosmological ‘zoom-in’ simulations at z &gt; 5 from the Feedback in Realistic Environments project, we examine the implications of bursty star formation histories for observations of high-redshift galaxies with JWST. We characterize how the galaxy observability depends on the star formation history. We also investigate selection effects due to bursty star formation on the physical properties measured, such as the gas fraction, specific star formation rate, and metallicity. We find the observability to be highly time-dependent for galaxies near the survey’s limiting flux due to the star formation rate variability: as the star formation rate fluctuates, the same galaxy oscillates in and out of the observable sample. The observable fraction $f_\mathrm{obs} = 50~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at z ∼ 7 and M⋆ ∼ 108.5–$10^{9}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ for a JWST/NIRCam survey reaching a limiting magnitude of $m^\mathrm{lim}_\mathrm{AB} \sim 29{\!-\!}30$, representative of surveys such as JADES and CEERS. JWST-detectable galaxies near the survey limit tend to have properties characteristic of galaxies in the bursty phase: on average, they show approximately 2.5 times higher cold, dense gas fractions and 20 times higher specific star formation rates at a given stellar mass than galaxies below the rest-UV detection threshold. Our study represents a first step in quantifying selection effects and the associated biases due to bursty star formation in studying high-redshift galaxy properties.
The evolutionary stage of Betelgeuse inferred from its pulsation periods
Authors: Saio Hideyuki , Nandal Devesh , Meynet Georges , Ekstöm Sylvia 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Betelgeuse is a well-known bright red supergiant that shows semiregular variations with four approximate periods of 2200, 420, 230, and 185 d. While the longest period was customarily regarded as long secondary period of unknown origin, we identify the ∼2200-d period as the radial fundamental mode, and the three shorter periods as the radial first, second, and third overtones. From a linear non-adiabatic pulsation analysis including the pulsation/convection coupling, we have found that these radial pulsation modes are all excited in the envelope of a model in a late stage of the core carbon burning. Models with similar pulsation property have masses of $11\sim 12\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ ($19\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ at zero-age main sequence) with luminosities (log L/L⊙ = 5.27 ∼ 5.28) and effective temperatures (log Teff ≈ 3.53) that are consistent with the range of the observational determinations. We also find that a synthetic light curve obtained by adding the fundamental and the first-overtone mode is comparable with the light curve of Betelgeuse up to the Great Dimming. We conclude that Betelgeuse is likely in the late stage of core carbon burning, and a good candidate for the next Galactic Type II supernova.
Ray-tracing simulations of the soft X-ray scattered emission in obscured active galactic nuclei
Authors: McKaig Jeffrey , Ricci Claudio , Paltani Stéphane , Gupta K K , Abel Nicholas P , Ueda Y 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Most active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the local Universe are obscured. In these obscured AGNs, an excess is usually observed in the soft X-rays below ∼2 keV above the absorbed X-ray continuum. This spectral component is associated with the scattering of X-ray photons off free electrons in the narrow-line region (NLR), and/or to photoionized lines. Recent studies have found that in highly obscured AGNs this component has lower flux relative to the primary X-ray continuum than in less obscured AGNs. This is measured by the scattering fraction, or fscatt, which is the ratio of the scattered flux to the continuum. Here, we use the ray-tracing platform reflex to perform simulations of scattered X-ray radiation to test two possible explanations for this phenomenon: (1) sources with lower fscatt are viewed at higher inclinations or (2) low fscatt sources are characterized by larger covering factors. We consider a conical NLR of free electrons, while allowing the column density and opening angle (and hence covering factor) to vary. We also consider electron densities inferred from observations, and from simulations carried out with the spectral synthesis code cloudy. Our simulations show fscatt is expected to be related to both the inclination angle and covering factor of the torus; however, the observed negative correlation between fscatt and NH can only be explained by a positive relation between the column density and the covering factor of the obscuring material. Additional contributions to fscatt can come from unresolved photoionized lines and ionized outflowing gas.
Inflammasomes in human reproductive diseases
Authors: Chen Yun , Miao Chenyun , Zhao Ying , Yang Liuqing , Wang Ruye , Shen Dan , Ren Ning , Zhang Qin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInflammasomes are multi-protein complexes localized within immune and non-immune cells that induce caspase activation, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and ultimately pyroptosis—a type of cell death. Inflammasomes are involved in a variety of human diseases, especially acute or chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focused on the strong correlation between the NLRP3 inflammasome and various reproductive diseases, including ovarian aging or premature ovarian insufficiency, PCOS, endometriosis, recurrent spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, and male subfertility, as well as the multifaceted role of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases. In addition, we provide an overview of the structure and amplification of inflammasomes. This comprehensive review demonstrates the vital role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human reproductive diseases together with the underlying mechanisms, offers new insights for mechanistic studies of reproduction, and provides promising possibilities for the development of drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of reproductive disorders in the future.
Mechanistic insight into the role of AUXIN RESISTANCE4 in trafficking of AUXIN1 and LIKE AUX1-2
Authors: Tidy Alison , Abu Bakar Norliza , Carrier David , Kerr Ian D , Hodgman Charlie , Bennett Malcolm J , Swarup Ranjan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
AUXIN RESISTANCE4 (AXR4) regulates the trafficking of auxin influx carrier AUXIN1 (AUX1), a plasma-membrane protein that predominantly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the absence of AXR4. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), AUX1 is a member of a small multigene family comprising 4 highly conserved genes—AUX1, LIKE-AUX1 (LAX1), LAX2, and LAX3. We report here that LAX2 also requires AXR4 for correct localization to the plasma membrane. AXR4 is a plant-specific protein and contains a weakly conserved α/β hydrolase fold domain that is found in several classes of lipid hydrolases and transferases. We have previously proposed that AXR4 may either act as (i) a post-translational modifying enzyme through its α/β hydrolase fold domain or (ii) an ER accessory protein, which is a special class of ER protein that regulates targeting of their cognate partner proteins. Here, we show that AXR4 is unlikely to act as a post-translational modifying enzyme as mutations in several highly conserved amino acids in the α/β hydrolase fold domain can be tolerated and active site residues are missing. We also show that AUX1 and AXR4 physically interact with each other and that AXR4 reduces aggregation of AUX1 in a dose-dependent fashion. Our results suggest that AXR4 acts as an ER accessory protein. A better understanding of AXR4-mediated trafficking of auxin transporters in crop plants will be crucial for improving root traits (designer roots) for better acquisition of water and nutrients for sustainable and resilient agriculture.
Distinct ADP-ribosylation factor-GTP exchange factors govern the opposite polarity of 2 receptor kinases
Authors: Rodriguez-Furlan Cecilia , Emami Ariana , Van Norman Jaimie M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Polarity of plasma membrane proteins is essential for cell morphogenesis and control of cell division and, thus, influences organ and whole plant development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root endodermal cells, 2 transmembrane kinases, INFLORESCENCE AND ROOT APICES RECEPTOR KINASE (IRK) and KINASE ON THE INSIDE (KOIN), accumulate at opposite lateral domains. Their polarization is tightly linked to their activities regulating cell division and ground tissue patterning. The polarization of IRK and KOIN relies solely on the secretion of newly synthesized protein. However, the secretion machinery by which their opposite, lateral polarity is achieved remains largely unknown. Here, we show that different sets of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs) mediate their secretion. ARF-GEF GNOM-like-1 (GNL1) regulates KOIN secretion to the inner polar domain, thereby directing KOIN sorting early in the secretion pathway. For IRK, combined chemical and genetic analyses showed that the ARG-GEF GNL1, GNOM, and the BREFELDIN A-INHIBITED-GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE-EXCHANGE FACTORs 1 to 4 (BIG1-BIG4) collectively regulate its polar secretion. The ARF-GEF-dependent mechanisms guiding IRK or KOIN lateral polarity were active across different root cell types and functioned regardless of the protein's inner/outer polarity in those cells. Therefore, we propose that specific polar trafficking of IRK and KOIN occurs via distinct mechanisms that are not constrained by cell identity or polar axis and likely rely on individual protein recognition.
Psychometric properties and observational data for COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) for post-COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Kustura L , Bobek D , Poljičanin A , Pavelin S , Buljubašić Šoda M , Šoda J , Aksentijević J , Duka Glavor K , Narančić Knez N , Viali V , Cukrov A , Todorić Laidlaw I , Ipavec N , Vukorepa D , Stipica I , Bakrač K , Bošković B , Mastelić A , Režić Mužinić N , Markotić A , Đogaš Z , Dolić K , Rogić Vidaković M 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundThe recently developed modified COVID-19 (coronavirus of 2019) Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) captures comprehensive biopsychosocial components of WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health related to the Long Covid or post-COVID syndrome. The scale response categories on C19-YRSm were done post hoc on data collected from the original version of C19-YRS.AimTo evaluate the C19-YRSm scale using reliability and validity measures.DesignProspective, observational study.MethodsThe study includes 369 patients (clinical group) and 426 subjects of the general population (control group) and captures their post-COVID-19 symptoms. In addition, the reliability of C19-YRSm was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of internal consistency and inter-item correlations for subscales (‘Symptom severity, Functional disability, and Other symptoms’). Convergent validity was established using correlations between C19-YRSm and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The incremental validity of C19-YRSm was measured by introducing a hierarchical regression model using the C19-YRSm ‘Overall health’ subscale and FSS as criterion variables.ResultsC19-YRSm subscales have excellent internal consistencies (Cronbach’s α value 0.81–0.96) and acceptable inter-item correlations (r value 0.23–0.79). Hereafter, the convergent validity of the C19-YRSm is good due to significant correlations between C19-YRSm subscales and FSS and C19-YRSm subscales. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis supported consistent evidence for the incremental validity of the C19-YRSm subscales.ConclusionC19-YRSm is a reliable and valid self-assessment scale for the assessment of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
Advocating for Survival: Domestic Workers in the Necropolitical Regime of the Pandemic
Authors: Rosinska Anna , Pellerito Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, advocating for basic protections became a matter of survival for domestic workers. With the onset of COVID-19, this largely female and immigrant workforce was expected to take on dangerous care duties with little protection against disease and death. We apply a necropolitical feminist analysis to expose the underlying logic of the deadly (virus) regime and to highlight how the movement counteracted that logic in the United States. Domestic worker organizations enacted a feminist model of collective care while also pushing for important changes within regulations designed to protect the economy above workers’ lives. The organizations representing domestic workers advanced their agendas of worker and immigrant rights, and the very value of care itself, while adapting their messaging to the prevailing rhetoric of limited relief measures in three stages, organized around three main narratives, centered on (essential) workers’ rights, public health, and a “healthy economy.”
Behavioural adjustments enable the colonization of subterranean environments
Authors: Lunghi Enrico , Mammola Stefano , Martínez Alejandro , Hesselberg Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Specialized subterranean species are iconic examples of convergent evolution driven by environmental constraints, representing an ideal model system for eco-evolutionary studies. However, scientific research on the behavioural adaptations of subterranean organisms has lagged and is biased mostly towards a few model species. Through a systematic literature review, we aimed to assess quantitatively whether a congruent evolution of behavioural traits among subterranean species exists. We considered four types of behaviours (exploratory, feeding, social and anti-predator) and tested predictions about their occurrence among species with different degrees of adaptation to subterranean environments. We argue that these behaviours constitute the earliest adaptations to three main ecological factors characterizing subterranean habitats, namely the constant darkness, the limited food resources and the reduced predator pressure. Darkness selects for individuals that rely on non-visual cues to explore their surroundings, track food resources and locate potential sexual partners. The reduced availability of food promotes high foraging plasticity and deters species from adopting aggressive behaviours towards conspecifics. The reduced predator pressure allows species to abandon specific anti-predator behaviours and permits safer execution of their biological activities. Our analyses show that these four behaviours are likely to represent the result of an early convergent adaptation to the subterranean realm.
Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone therapy on cognitive performance among postmenopausal women: a systematic review of randomized clinical trial data
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Davis Susan R. , Islam Rakibul M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Importance
Whether dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation improves cognitive performance in older women is uncertain. Nonetheless, DHEA supplements are readily available over the counter in several countries and are potentially being used to prevent cognitive decline and dementia.

Objective
This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of exogenous DHEA on cognitive performance in postmenopausal women.

Evidence Review
Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for studies of postmenopausal women until November 30, 2022. Eligible studies were required to be randomized clinical trials, be at least single blind, have a placebo or comparator arm and published in English. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Findings
Of the 15 articles retrieved for full-text review, four met the inclusion criteria. In all studies DHEA was administered as a 50-mg oral daily dose and all were double blind with an identical placebo. Three were placebo-controlled, crossover studies and one was a parallel-group clinical trial. The only positive outcome was limited to a 4-wk cross-over study in which DHEA statistically significantly enhanced five of six tests of visual-spatial performance compared with placebo in 24 cognitively normal postmenopausal women. Improvement in cognitive performance with DHEA treatment over placebo group was not seen in any other study. Heterogeneity of design and use of multiple measures of cognitive performance was a barrier to meta-analysis and between study comparisons. The studies were limited by high risk of bias in multiple domains.

Conclusion and Relevance
Overall, this systematic review does not support a beneficial effect of DHEA therapy on cognitive performance in postmenopausal women.
Relationships between the vaginal microbiota and genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms in postmenopausal women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Waetjen L. Elaine , Crawford Sybil L. , Gajer Pawel , Brooks Maria M. , Gold Ellen B. , Reed Barbara D. , Hess Rachel , Ravel Jacques 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To describe vaginal microbiota classified by community state types (CST) in a diverse cohort of postmenopausal women and evaluate relationships among genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) symptoms (vaginal dryness, vulvovaginal irritation, sexual pain, dysuria, urinary urgency), CSTs, estrogen, vaginal maturation index (VMI), and vaginal pH.

Methods
In the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, 1,320 women aged 60.4 to 72.5 years self-collected (2015-2017) vaginal samples analyzed for microbiota composition and structure (CSTs) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, VMI, and pH. GSM symptoms were collected with self-administered questionnaires; interviewers elicited estrogen use and measured body mass index. Serum E2 and E1 were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. We analyzed data using Pearson χ
2 tests, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and binomial logistic regression.

Results
The most frequently occurring CST was low Lactobacillus species IV-C (49.8%); 36.4% of women had CSTs dominated by Lactobacillus species. More than half of the women with vaginal atrophy biomarkers (VMI <50 and pH >5) had CST IV-C0, whereas women using estrogen or with higher E1 and E2 levels had a higher prevalence of Lactobacillus crispatus–dominated CST I (P values < 0.001). Sexual pain was associated with atrophy biomarkers and independently associated with Streptococcus species–dominated CST IV-C1 (odds ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence intervals, 1.20-4.23). For all other GSM symptoms, we found no consistent associations with E1 or E2 levels, atrophy biomarkers, or any CST.

Conclusions
Although close relationships exist among estrogen, CSTs, VMI, and pH, sexual pain was the only GSM symptom associated with the structure of vaginal microbiota and atrophy biomarkers.