bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence Promoted by AIE‐active Chiral Co‐assemblies in Liquid Crystal Polymer Films
Authors: Li Hang , Luo Jiaxin , Liu Chao , Yu Wenting , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, extensive works have focused on increasing the dissymmetry factors (glum) of various circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials, which is one of the most important factors for future applications of CPL. Herein, we designed a chiral co‐assembled liquid crystal polymer (LCP) PTZ@R/S‐PB2, which was prepared by chiral binary co‐polymer (R/S‐PB2) doped with achiral phenothiazine derivation dye (PTZ). For comparison, ternary co‐polymerized LCP (R/S‐PT) was synthesized by co‐polymerizing with mesogenic monomer, chiral monomer and emissive monomer. Both PTZ@R/S‐PB2 and R/S‐PT showed aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. Interestingly, the CPL signals of both PTZ@R/S‐PB2 and R/S‐PT were reversed and amplified after thermal annealing treatment. The |glum| values of the co‐assembled PTZ@R/S‐PB2 were up to 0.13 at a 32 nm thickness, which was 5.4 times that of R/S‐PT (|glum|=0.024). This is due to PTZ@R/S‐PB2 could form more orderly chiral co‐assembly structures. Noticeably, increasing the LCP film thickness could further improve the glum value, and the maximum glum of PTZ@R/S‐PB2 could be enhanced to +0.91/−0.82 at a 220 nm thickness.
In‐situ confining selenium within bubble – like carbon nanoshells for ultra‐stable Li−Se batteries
Authors: Wang Ying , Cen Xinnuo , Liao Fang , Wang Qingqing , Luo Wanshu , Huang Yan , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Dou Yuhai , Wu Chao , Zhang Lei , Wang Yun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLithium‐selenium (Li−Se) batteries are promising energy storage devices. However, the long‐term durability and high‐rate performance of the Se cathode have been limited by significant volume expansion and the troublesome shuttle effect of polyselenides during repeated charging/discharging processes. To revolutionize these issues, we applied a top‐down strategy through the in‐situ trapping of amorphous Se within bubble‐like carbon (BLC) frameworks, which can radically minimize the presence of surface‐absorbed Se while enhancing Se loading capacity. This ingenious technique successfully encapsulates all Se species within carbon nanoshells, creating a distinct half‐filled core‐shell structure known as Se@void@BLC. This in‐situ trapping approach ensures the efficient management of Se volume changes during repeated discharge and charge cycles. Moreover, an extraordinary Se loading capacity of up to 65.6 wt% is reached. Using the Se@void@BLC as cathode for Li−Se battery, we achieve a high initial Columbic efficiency of 84.2 %, a high reversible capacity of 585 mAh g−1, and an ultralow capacity decay of only 0.0037 % per cycle during 4000 cycles at 10 A g−1.
Metal Organic Frameworks Synthesis: The Versatility of Triethylamine
Authors: Zhang Wei , Pinna Nicola 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are organic‐inorganic hybrid materials with exceptionally customizable composition and properties. MOFs intrinsically possess open metal sites, tunable pore size/shape and an ultra‐large specific surface area, and have obtained significant attention over the past 30 years. Furthermore, through the integration of functional moieties such as, molecules, functional groups, noble metal clusters and nanocrystals or nanoparticles into MOFs, the resulting composites have greatly enriched the physical and chemical properties of pure MOFs, enabling their application in a wider range of fields. Triethylamine (TEA) as an organic base has consistently played a fundamental role in the development of MOFs. In this Concept, the versatility of triethylamine when involved in the synthesis of MOFs is discussed. Four sections are used to elaborate on the role of TEA including: (1) Single crystal synthesis; (2) Size and morphology control; (3) Counterion of MOFs; (4) MOFs composites synthesis. In the last part, we highlight the potential of TEA for further developments.
Results from a Phase 1 Study Assessing the Pharmacokinetics of the Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitor Baxdrostat in Participants with Varying Degrees of Renal Function
Authors: Freeman Mason W. , Halvorsen Yuan‐Di , Bond Mary , Murphy Brian , Isaacsohn Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBaxdrostat is a selective small‐molecule aldosterone synthase inhibitor in development for treatment of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. This phase 1, open‐label, parallel‐group study assessed the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of baxdrostat in participants with varying degrees of renal function. Participants were enrolled into control (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥60 mL/min), moderate to severe renal impairment (eGFR 15‐59 mL/min), or kidney failure (eGFR <15 mL/min) groups and received a single 10‐mg baxdrostat dose followed by 7 days of inpatient PK blood and urine sampling. Safety was assessed by adverse events, clinical laboratory evaluations, vital signs, physical examinations, and electrocardiograms (ECGs). Thirty‐2 participants completed the study. There were no deaths and only 1 mild drug‐related adverse event (diarrhea). No clinically meaningful changes in laboratory values, vital signs, physical examinations, or ECGs occurred. Plasma concentration‐time curves of baxdrostat were similar among all groups. Urine PK parameters were similar (approximately 12% excreted) in the moderate to severe renal impairment and control groups. Inadequate urine production in the kidney failure group resulted in minimal urinary baxdrostat excretion. Renal impairment had no significant impact on systemic exposure or clearance of baxdrostat, suggesting that dose adjustment due to PK differences in patients with kidney disease is unnecessary.
Long‐Term Stability of Light‐Induced Ti3+ Defects in TiO2 Nanotubes for Amplified Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wierzbicka Ewa , Szaniawska‐Białas Ewelina , Schultz Thorsten , Basilio Amanda O. , Siemiaszko Dariusz , Ray Kallol , Koch Norbert , Pinna Nicola , Polański Marek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study shows that the simple approach of keeping anodic TiO2 nanotubes at 70 °C in ethanol for 1 h results in improved photoelectrochemical water splitting activity due to initiation of crystallization in the material amplified by the light‐induced formation of a Ti3+−Vo states under UV 365 nm illumination. For the first time, the light‐induced Ti3+−Vo states are generated when oxygen is present in the reaction solution and are stable when in contact with air (oxygen) for a long time (two months). We confirmed here that the amorphous or nearly amorphous structure of titania supports the survival of Ti3+ species in contact with oxygen. It is also shown that the ethanol treatment substantially improves the morphology of the titania nanotube arrays, specifically, less surface cracking and surface purification from C‐ and F‐based contamination from the electrolyte used for anodizing.
A novel intelligent control approach for wind energy conversion systems with synchronous reluctance generators
Authors: Selma Belkacem , Bounadja Elhadj , Belmadani Bachir , Selma Boumediene , Fliess Michel 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis study addresses a significant research gap in the field of wind energy, focusing on the underutilized potential of synchronous reluctance generators (SynRG) in wind power conversion systems (WPCS). Despite notable advancements in wind energy controls, the capabilities of SynRG within these systems have not been fully explored. In response, we introduce an innovative model‐free control (MFC) approach, termed intelligent proportional (iP), specifically designed and optimized for WPCS equipped with SynRG. This research encompasses the modeling, control, and simulation of SynRG‐based WPCS, aiming to optimize system performance and enhance the quality of grid power supply. The proposed vector control (VC) method utilizes a MFC approach (VC‐iP) to address the limitations inherent in traditional VC methods with proportional‐integral (PI) controllers (VC‐PI). Although widely used for their simplicity, VC‐PI methods often lead to power fluctuations and decreased power and current quality, consequently reducing overall system efficiency. In contrast, VC‐iP markedly enhances power quality and system efficiency, especially in situations involving fluctuating power demand and variable wind speeds. The efficacy of VC‐iP is demonstrated through simulations in two distinct test scenarios that include variations in power demand and random wind speed fluctuations. The results affirm the superiority of VC‐iP in maintaining stable, high‐quality power output from WPCS. This method notably minimizes fluctuations, improves current quality, reduces harmonic distortion and steady‐state error, ensures reliable grid integration, and contributes to a more efficient and sustainable energy system.
Estimation of anti‐diabetes drug metformin in Turkiye using wastewater‐based epidemiology
Authors: Yavuz Guzel Evsen , Atasoy Aydin Aslı , Gören İsmail Ethem , Unuvar Necdet , Daglioglu Nebile 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetformin is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is dramatically increasing due to factors such as increasing obesity, physical inactivity, and aging of the population. Metformin analysis was carried out in composite wastewater samples seasonally collected from wastewater treatment plants in 10 cities in 2019 and 2020 30 cities in 2021 in Turkiye. Metformin was measured in all wastewater samples, with an average concentration of 97.81 μg/l in 2019, 75.19 μg/l in 2020, and 69.13 μg/l in 2021. This study was utilized to predict metformin usage in different sociodemographic regions in Turkiye using a wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) approach. As a result of the analysis, the average metformin consumption in Turkiye was estimated to be 22.2 ± 9.6 [1.9–63.8] g/d/1,000 persons (mean ± SD [range]). Furthermore, these estimates were compared with data for time, sociodemographic characteristics, and patient numbers. Assessing the correlation with estimates and the socioeconomic classes of the cities in question revealed that cities with high‐income levels had the lowest metformin use rate. Finally, the study provides supporting data aiding the development of public health strategies for decreasing the overall load of T2D across Turkiye.
Asynchrony in terrestrial insect abundance corresponds with species traits
Authors: Powell Kathryn E. , Oliver Tom H. , González‐Suárez Manuela , Botham Marc S. , Harrower Colin A. , Comont Richard F. , Middlebrook Ian , Roy David B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAsynchrony in population abundance can buffer the effects of environmental change leading to greater community and ecosystem stability. Both environmental (abiotic) drivers and species functional (biotic) traits can influence population dynamics leading to asynchrony. However, empirical evidence linking dissimilarity in species traits to abundance asynchrony is limited, especially for understudied taxa such as insects. To fill this knowledge gap, we explored the relationship between pairwise species trait dissimilarity and asynchrony in interannual abundance change between pairs of species for 422 moth, butterfly, and bumblebee species in Great Britain. We also explored patterns differentiating traits that we assumed to capture ‘sensitivity to environmental variables’ (such as body mass), and traits that may reflect ‘diversity in exposure’ to environmental conditions and lead to niche partitioning (for example, habitat uses, and intra‐annual emergence periods). As expected, species trait dissimilarity calculated overall and for many individual traits representing response and exposure was positively correlated with asynchrony in all three insect groups. We found that ‘exposure’ traits, especially those relating to the phenology of species, had the strongest relationship with abundance asynchrony from all tested traits. Positive relationships were not simply due to shared evolutionary history leading to similar life‐history strategies: detected effects remained significant for most traits after accounting for phylogenetic relationships within models. Our results provide empirical support that dissimilarity in traits linked to species exposure and sensitivity to the environment could be important for temporal dissimilarity in insect abundance. Hence, we suggest that general trait diversity, but especially diversity in ‘exposure’ traits, could play a significant role in the resilience of insect communities to short‐term environmental perturbations through driving asynchrony between species abundances.
A test of balanced fitness limitations theory: Pollen limitation in plants
Authors: Rosenheim Jay A. , Williams Neal M. , Rapp Joshua M. , Schreiber Sebastian J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen reproductive success is determined by the relative availabilities of a series of essential, non‐substitutable resources, the theory of balanced fitness limitations predicts that the cost of harvesting a particular resource shapes the likelihood that a shortfall of that resource will constrain realized fitness. Plant reproduction through female function offers a special opportunity to test this theory; essential resources in this context include, first, the pollen received from pollinators or abiotic vectors that is used to fertilize ovules, and, second, the resources needed to provision the developing seeds and fruit. For many plants realized reproductive success through female function can be readily quantified in the field, and one key potential constraint on fitness, pollen limitation, can be assessed experimentally by manually supplementing pollen receipt. We assembled a comparative dataset of pollen limitation using only studies that supplement pollen to all flowers produced over the plant's reproductive lifespan. Pre‐ and post‐pollination costs were estimated using the weight of flowers and fruits and estimates of fruit set. Consistent with expectations, we find self‐incompatible plants make greater pre‐pollination investments and experience greater pollen limitation. However, contrary to theoretical expectations, when variation due to self‐compatibility is accounted for by including self‐compatibility in the statistical model as a covariate, we find no support for the prediction that plants that invest more heavily in pre‐pollination costs are subject to greater pollen limitation. Strong within‐species, between‐population variation in the expression of pollen limitation makes the quantification of mean pollen limitation difficult. We urge plant ecologists to conduct more studies of pollen limitation using whole‐plant pollen supplementation to produce a richer comparative dataset that would support a more robust test of the balanced limitations hypothesis.
Metal‐Free Regioselective Chlorosulfenylation of Indoles by Dimethylsulfoxide and 1,2‐Dichloroethane
Authors: Palit Kuntal , Panda Niranjan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDirect chloromethylthiolation of the C(sp2)−H bonds of indole was achieved with the commonly used solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dichloroethane (DCE). Initially, chlorodimethylsulfonium ion is generated in situ from the reaction of DMSO and DCE on simple heating at 120 °C and is used for electrophilic methylthiolation followed by chlorination, enabling the synthesis of 2‐chloro‐3‐methylthioindoles.
Evaluation of the energy and exergy of a trans‐critical CO2 cycle driven by a double flash geothermal power plant
Authors: Castellanos Humberto Garcia , Aryanfar Yashar , Hammoodi Karrar A. , Ghriss Ons , Keçebaş Ali , Bouabidi Abdallah , Ahmad Shabbir , Ragab Adham E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFacing the dual challenges of environmental impact and the finite nature of fossil fuels, the shift toward sustainable energy sources is imperative. Geothermal energy, a renewable and underutilized resource, offers a promising alternative. This study ventures into a novel domain, exploring the integration of trans‐critical CO2 (tCO2) cycle with a double‐flash geothermal (DFG) cycle, an area not extensively covered in existing research. This study aims to develop a recovery system that utilizes a tCO2 cycle powered by a DFG cycle. A crucial part of this study involves conducting a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the system's energy and exergy performance. This analysis focuses on understanding the impact of changes in key system design parameters, such as energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, net power output, and total exergy destruction rate, to determine the optimal values for these parameters. The results indicate that the recovery system shows a significant improvement of 22% in energy efficiency over the basic cycle. However, there is a decrease in exergy efficiency in the recovery system, which represents a 5.26% decline. As a result, this study paves the way for innovative approaches in geothermal energy use, suggesting potential breakthroughs in renewable technologies.
Assessment and optimization of a single flash geothermal system recovered by a trans‐critical CO2 cycle using different scenarios
Authors: Aryanfar Yashar , Castellanos Humberto Garcia , Akhgarzarandy Farshad , Keçebaş Ali , Algarni Salem , Alqahtani Talal , Irshad Kashif , Tag‐Eldin Elsayed M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the evolving landscape of sustainable energy, optimizing geothermal power systems presents a critical challenge. This study explores the energy and exergy efficiencies of a power production system utilizing a single‐flash geothermal cycle integrated with a trans‐critical CO2 cycle. The study's methodology involves a detailed examination of key performance parameters—separator pressure, CO2 turbine intake pressure, and steam turbine output pressure. Utilizing the EES software environment, the study innovatively employs a combination of Genetic Algorithm (GA), Nelder–Mead Simplex (NMS) method, and Direct algorithm (DA). When using GA, NMS and DA, the system's exergy efficiency increases from 32.46% in the default operating mode to 39.21%, 36.16%, and 38.82%, respectively. One of the notable outcomes is the identification of optimal separator pressure for maximum energy efficiency. Furthermore, the study reveals that increasing the CO2 turbine's inlet pressure adversely impacts the system's efficiency. The study's results contribute significantly to the field of renewable energy, offering practical guidelines for enhancing the performance of geothermal power systems.
Fire risk assessment of Kashan's commercial and shopping centers using fire risk assessment method for engineering (FRAME)
Authors: Rabiei Hadiseh , Zare Asma , Ahmadian Taheri Somayeh , Ebrahimi Niloofar , Mazaheri Tehrani Ashraf , Malakoutikhah Mahdi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCommercial buildings are considered as high‐risk units in fire due to the existence of expensive equipment and large presence of people with different ages. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the fire risk of commercial and shopping centers in Kashan using the fire risk assessment method for engineering (FRAME). This cross‐sectional study was conducted using FRAME in 15 commercial and shopping centers in Kashan, Iran. The risk assessment data and FRAME checklist were collected by observation and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using Excel and Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The results of 46 checklists showed that the mean score of fire risk R for property was equal to 3.12, for people 3.81 and for activities 1.86. Also, the lowest risk for the property, people and activities belongs to Golestan Center with a score of 1.40, Valiasr with a score of 1.25 and Ataee with a score of 1.15, and the highest risk for the property, people and activities belongs to Mir Seyfi Center with a score of 5.80, Shafagh with a score of 9.96 and Sabz was 2.62, respectively. The present study showed the lack of proper ventilation system, lack of emergency exits, and lack of automatic fire alarm and extinguishing system were the factors affecting fire risk. Therefore, in order to prevent disasters and uncontrollable critical conditions, it is necessary to review the equipment of these buildings and to design and implement fire detection and alarm equipment and different ways of fire control in these centers.
Direct oral anticoagulants compared to warfarin in long‐term management of cerebral venous thrombosis: A comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Ranjan Redoy , Ken‐Dror Gie , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe compared the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with those of warfarin in the long‐term (≥6 months) treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).MethodsWe searched electronic databases up to November 2023 to compare the use of DOACs and warfarin in CVT management. Modified Rankin scores (mRS), new intracranial hemorrhage, all‐cause mortality, recurrence and nonrecanalisation events were used to assess outcome. RevMan v5.4 software and the Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel method were utilized to analyse data.ResultsA total of 25 studies involving 2301 patients were identified as having treated CVT with either DOACs or warfarin. Good long‐term mRS scores 0–2 (risk ratio [RR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98–1.03; p = 0.61), new intracranial hemorrhage (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.48–2.08; p = 0.99), all‐cause mortality (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.50–1.98; p = 0.99), nonrecanalisation (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.77–1.18; p = 0.65) and recurrence venous thrombosis events (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.33–1.22; p = 0.17) were similar between the two treatment arms. Subgroup analysis found recurrence of venous thrombosis was lower in the rivaroxaban group compared to warfarin (2.2% vs. 8.5%, RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.11–0.98; p = 0.05).ConclusionDOACs and warfarin provide comparable long‐term safety and efficacy profiles. DOACs may be preferred over warfarin due to their ease of clinical management.