bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the relation between penumbral intensity and flow filaments
Authors: Schlichenmaier R. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Tritschler A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTaking advantage of high spatial (≈0.5 arcsec) and high spectral (λ/δλ= 250 000) resolution observations obtained with the 2D spectrometer TESOS, we analyze a sunspot located at a heliocentric angle of 23°. We elaborate on the issue of a correlation between dark filaments and the Evershed flow in sunspot penumbrae. Controversies on the existence of such a correlation are resolved: It varies from the inner to the outer penumbra, from the center‐side to the limb‐side penumbra, and depends on the length of the trace which is used to perform the correlation. The flow map exhibits flow filaments in the center‐side penumbra while the red‐shifted limb‐side penumbra does not show filamentary fine‐structure. High correlation coefficients, |C| ≈ 0.9 are only found if small scales, i.e. short traces cutting individual features are considered.Cis positive in the inner center and limb‐side penumbra, and tends to be negative in the outer penumbra. Our results imply that the Evershed flow is present in bright and dark filaments. In individual cases we find that bright and dark intensities are connected by a flow filament supporting the moving tube model for the penumbral fine structure. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Absence of daytime 50 Hz, 100 μTrmsmagnetic field or bright light exposure effect on human performance and psychophysiological parameters
Authors: Crasson Marion , Legros Jean‐Jacques 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to reproduce and extend two earlier studies of the effects of human exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF). In a recent paper, we described results of two double‐blind investigations performed to examine effects of 100 μTrms50 Hz MF exposure on psychological parameters in the same group of healthy human volunteers. In each exposure session, at 1 week intervals, with sham, continuous, and intermittent (15 s ON/OFF cycles) MF conditions, mood ratings, performance measures, and electrophysiological measures were taken. In the first study, significant amplitude changes were observed in the event‐related brain potentials (ERP) recorded during a dichotic listening task. In the second study, latency and reaction time (RT) slowing were seen on a visual discrimination task (P300paradigm). Although these results were little related to the number of parameters analysed, they indicate that low level 50 Hz MF might have a slight influence on ERP and RT under specific circumstances of sustained attention. Before concluding that moderately strong MF exposure can influence cognitive function, previous results should be replicated, using the same paradigms with another group of healthy volunteers. In the present study, 18 healthy subjects were exposed to three experimental sessions of 30 min each, given at 1 week intervals. The sessions consisted of continuous 100 μTrms50 Hz MF exposure, sham condition, and bright light (5000 lux) exposure. The study was performed double‐blind, with the exposure order counter‐balanced. The data on mood, ERP, RT, and other performance measures did not show any differences among the sham exposure, light exposure, and MF exposure conditions. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that extremely low frequency (ELF) MF exposure affects the brain's electrical activity or cognitive function at field strength (100 μTrms) similar to that found in very close proximity of some household and industrial electrical appliances and well in excess of the average MF strength (c. 0.1 μT) found in homes. The sensitivity of the experiment was possibly not sufficient to detect an effect at this relatively low MF, and larger sample sizes would be required in further studies. Bioelectromagnetics 26:225–233, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of 400, 900, and 1900 MHz electromagnetic fields onLemna minorgrowth and peroxidase activity
Authors: Tkalec Mirta , Malarić Krešimir , Pevalek‐Kozlina Branka 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIncreased use of radio and microwave frequencies requires investigations of their effects on living organisms. Duckweed (Lemna minorL.) has been commonly used as a model plant for environmental monitoring. In the present study, duckweed growth and peroxidase activity was evaluated after exposure in a Gigahertz Transversal Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell to electric fields of frequencies 400, 900, and 1900 MHz. The growth of plants exposed for 2 h to the 23 V/m electric field of 900 MHz significantly decreased in comparison with the control, while an electric field of the same strength but at 400 MHz did not have such effect. A modulated field at 900 MHz strongly inhibited the growth, while at 400 MHz modulation did not influence the growth significantly. At both frequencies a longer exposure mostly decreased the growth and the highest electric field (390 V/m) strongly inhibited the growth. Exposure of plants to lower field strength (10 V/m) for 14 h caused significant decrease at 400 and 1900 MHz while 900 MHz did not influence the growth. Peroxidase activity in exposed plants varied, depending on the exposure characteristics. Observed changes were mostly small, except in plants exposed for 2 h to 41 V/m at 900 MHz where a significant increase (41%) was found. Our results suggest that investigated electromagnetic fields (EMFs) might influence plant growth and, to some extent, peroxidase activity. However, the effects of EMFs strongly depended on the characteristics of the field exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 26:185–193, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anion‐Induced Urea Deprotonation
Authors: Boiocchi Massimo , Del Boca Laura , Esteban‐Gómez David , Fabbrizzi Luigi , Licchelli Maurizio , Monzani Enrico 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe urea‐based receptor 1 (1‐(7‐nitrobenzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol‐4‐yl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)urea, LH), interacts with X− ions in MeCN, according to two consecutive steps: 1) formation of a hydrogen‐bond complex [LH⋅⋅⋅X]−; 2) deprotonation of LH to give L− and [HX2]−, as shown by spectrophotometric and 1H NMR titration experiments. Step 2) takes place with more basic anions (fluoride, carboxylates, dihydrogenphosphate), while less basic anions (Cl−, NO2−, NO3−) do not induce proton transfer. On crystallisation from a solution containing LH and excess Bu4NF, the tetrabutylammonium salt of the deprotonated urea derivative (Bu4N[L]) was isolated and its crystal and molecular structure determined.
Monomers, Chains and Layers of [Pt2(SO4)4] Units in the Crystal Structures of the Platinum(III) Sulfates (NH4)2 [Pt2(SO4)4(H2O)2], K4[Pt2(SO4)5] and Cs[Pt2(SO4)3(HSO4)].
Authors: Pley Martin , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antiferromagnetism of Ln2BaPdO5 (Ln: La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho).
Authors: Taniguchi T. , Kawaji Y. , Ozawa T. C. , Nagata Y. , Noro Y. , Samata H. , Lan M. D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tetrabutylammonium Phosphomolybdate on Fluorapatite: An Efficient Solid Catalyst for Solvent‐Free Selective Oxidation of Sulfides.
Authors: Sasaki Yoh , Ushimaru Kyohei , Iteya Katsuma , Nakayama Hirokazu , Yamaguchi Shunro , Ichihara Junko 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Outcome of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ untreated after diagnostic biopsy
Authors: Collins Laura C. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Baer Heather J. , Connolly James L. , Colditz Graham A. , Schnitt Stuart J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) “treated” by diagnostic biopsy alone have been rare, but provide important opportunities to gain insights into the natural history of these lesions.METHODSDuring a review of 1877 breast biopsy specimens in a nested case–control study of benign breast disease and breast carcinoma risk, the authors identified 13 biopsy specimens with DCIS that were originally diagnosed as benign. Because each of these women was initially given a benign diagnosis, they received no treatment beyond the diagnostic biopsy.RESULTSWhen compared with women with nonproliferative lesions, the odds ratio (OR) for the development of invasive breast carcinoma among those with retrospectively identified DCIS (n = 6) was 13.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7–49.7). The OR for the development of any subsequent invasive or in situ breast carcinoma event (n = 10) was 20.1 (95% CI, 6.1–66. 5). A retrospective review of these DCIS biopsy specimens revealed that the nuclear grade was low in four lesions, intermediate in six, and high in three. None showed comedo‐type necrosis. Invasive carcinomas developed among women with DCIS of all nuclear grades. All 10 breast carcinoma events (100%) were in the ipsilateral breast.CONCLUSIONSThese results provided further evidence that patients with DCIS who received no treatment beyond a diagnostic biopsy were at substantially increased risk for developing ipsilateral invasive breast carcinoma, and that the increased risk in this setting was seen in DCIS of low, intermediate, and high nuclear grades. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Medulloblastoma in the second decade of life: A specific group with respect to toxicity and management
Authors: Tabori Uri , Sung Lillian , Hukin Juliette , Laperriere Normand , Crooks Bruce , Carret Anne‐Sophie , Silva Mariana , Odame Isaac , Mpofu Chris , Strother Douglas , Wilson Beverly , Samson Yvan , Bouffet Eric ,   Canadian Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost reported data of chemoradiotherapy protocols for the treatment of medulloblastoma describe children who were treated in the first decade of life. To consider the feasibility of this approach in adolescents, the authors studied their clinical course with specific emphasis on toxicity, tolerability, and prognosis.METHODSIn this retrospective study, the authors examined the toxicity profiles and outcomes of children age 10–20 years with medulloblastoma who were treated at centers throughout Canada between 1986 and 2003. Detailed toxicity data from 2 chemotherapy protocols were collected for teenagers and were compared with data from a group of control patients age 5–10 years.RESULTSIn total, 72 teenagers were analyzed. Grade ≥ 2 ototoxicity and neurotoxicity occurred in 45% and 71% of chemotherapy‐treated patients, respectively. Grade 3–4 hematotoxicty occurred in 95% of patients. Toxicity resulted in delay of treatment for 73% of patients and dose modification in 75% of patients, including protocol discontinuation in 25% of patients. Weight loss > 10% was encountered in 73% of patients and required intervention in 45% of patients. Teenagers had significantly more hematotoxicity and neurotoxicity compared with controls on both chemotherapeutic protocols. Ototoxicity was similar in both age groups. Toxicity resulted in significantly more treatment delays and dose modifications in teenager patients compared with controls. The 5‐year overall and event‐free survival rates (± standard deviation) were 78% ± 6% and 70% ± 6%, respectively. The mean time (± standard deviation) to disease recurrence was 3.2 ± 2.2 years.CONCLUSIONSThe increased toxicity rate and high incidence of treatment modifications in this study suggested that current pediatric protocols may require modifications for teenagers with medulloblastoma. The results highlighted several issues that should be addressed in future prospective trials. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
On the effects of nodal distributions for imposition of essential boundary conditions in the MLPG meshfree method
Authors: Augarde C. E. , Deeks A. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractImposition of essential boundary conditions in meshfree methods is made difficult because the shape functions used do not possess the ‘delta’ property. Various procedures have been proposed including penalty, Lagrange multipliers and collocation. It is shown in this paper that the success of a procedure depends on the arrangement of the nodal points. Certain methods of imposing boundary conditions are shown not to work for unstructured nodal arrangements. Much previous work has been demonstrated using structured grids thus hiding these drawbacks. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the design of bandwidth efficient signalling for indoor wireless optical channels
Authors: Hranilovic Steve 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt is well known that indoor wireless optical channels are limited not only in transmitted optical power, but also in signalling bandwidth. This bandwidth constraint arises due to multipath dispersion in indoor settings as well as due to response time limitations of optoelectronic components.This paper presents an overview of theoretical and practical issues in the design of signalling for bandwidth constrained intensity modulated, direct detection wireless optical channels. A brief overview of the salient qualities of the wireless optical channel are presented to highlight the amplitude constraints which arise. A survey of modulation design is then presented which includes the review of a general technique to represent optical intensity modulation in a signal space and to construct optical intensity lattice codes. Results on the channel capacity of indoor wireless optical channels are surveyed and particular emphasis is placed on recently derived asymptotically exact bounds. The use of multiple emitters and receivers in wireless optical channels is also presented and particular emphasis is placed on techniques which exploit spatial dimensions to improve spectral performance. The paper concludes with some remarks regarding the status of the research area and suggestions for future work. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Packet delay analysis of the advanced infrared (AIr) CSMA/CA MAC protocol in optical wireless LANs
Authors: Chatzimisios P. , Boucouvalas A. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDuring the past few years the wireless technology market has experienced a tremendous growth. Users today expect to be able to communicate and access data anytime, anywhere, using almost any portable device. Infrared Data Association (IrDA) addressed the requirement for indoor multipoint wireless connectivity with the development of the advanced infrared (AIr) protocol stack utilizing the infrared spectrum. AIr medium access control (MAC) protocol employs a carrier sensing multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol in addition to a request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) packet exchange reservation scheme and a linear adjustment of the contention window (CW). This paper develops a new modelling approach to evaluate saturation performance of the AIr protocol based on conditional probability arguments rather than bi‐dimensional Markov chains. Moreover, we extend performance studies in former literature papers by providing an intuitive AIr packet delay analysis assuming error‐free transmissions and a fixed number of stations. Using OPNET simulation results, we validate our mathematical analysis and we show that the proposed model predicts AIr packet delay performance very accurately. Utilizing the derived mathematical analysis, we determine the significance of both link layer and physical parameters, such as burst size, minimum CW size value and minimum turnaround time on AIr packet delay performance. Finally, we propose suitable values for both backoff and protocol parameters that reduce average packet delay and, thus, maximize performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the streaming of FGS encoded video at different aggregation levels: frame, GoP, and scene
Authors: de Cuetos Philippe , Seeling Patrick , Reisslein Martin , Ross Keith W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFine granularity scalability (FGS), a new coding technique that has recently been added to the MPEG‐4 video coding standard, allows for the flexible scaling of each individual video frame at very fine granularity. This flexibility makes FGS video very well suited for rate‐distortion optimized streaming mechanisms, which minimize the distortion (i.e. maximize the quality) of the streamed video by transmitting the optimal number of bits for each individual frame. The per‐frame optimization of the transmission schedule, however, puts a significant computational burden on video servers and intermediate streaming gateways. In this paper we investigate the rate‐distortion optimized streaming at different video frame aggregation levels. We find that compared to the optimization for each individual video frame, optimization at the level of video scenes reduces the computational effort dramatically, while reducing the video quality only very slightly. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sox10 overexpression induces neural crest‐like cells from all dorsoventral levels of the neural tube but inhibits differentiation
Authors: McKeown Sonja J. , Lee Vivian M. , Bronner‐Fraser Marianne , Newgreen Donald F. , Farlie Peter G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSoxE genes (Sox8, Sox9, and Sox10) are early response genes to neural crest induction. Although the early role of Sox9 has been examined in chick and frog, later roles in neural crest migration and differentiation remain largely unexplored. We first examined which SoxE genes were expressed in trunk neural crest cells and then investigated their function using in ovo electroporation. The results of this analysis reveal that Sox10 is present in migrating neural crest cells, whereas other SoxE genes are only expressed transiently after induction. Ectopic expression of Sox10 in the neural tube at trunk level induced expression of HNK‐1 in neuroepithelial cells followed by extensive emigration from all levels of the dorsoventral neuraxis, including the floor plate. Sox10‐expressing cells failed to express neuronal, Schwann, or melanocyte markers up to 6 days posttransfection (E8), suggesting these cells were maintained in an undifferentiated state. Overexpression of Sox8 or Sox9 had similar but not identical effects on neuroepithelial cells. These results show that high levels of Sox10, Sox9, or Sox8 expression in the neural tube are capable of inducing a migratory neural crest‐like phenotype even in the absence of dorsal signals and can maintain these cells in an undifferentiated state. Developmental Dynamics 233:430–444, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Damaging‐agent sensitivity of Artemis‐deficient cell lines
Authors: Musio Antonio , Marrella Veronica , Sobacchi Cristina , Rucci Francesca , Fariselli Laura , Giliani Silvia , Lanzi Gaetana , Notarangelo Luigi D. , Delia Domenico , Colombo Roberto , Vezzoni Paolo , Villa Anna 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDefects in repairing double‐strand breaks can lead to genome instability and tumorigenesis. In humans, most T–B– severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID) have a defect in either the RAG1 or RAG2 gene, are not radiosensitive and do not show genome instability. On the contrary, a minority of T–B– SCID patients have abnormalities in the Artemis gene and are moderately radiosensitive. Artemis‐deficient cells are unable to process hairpin ends after RAG cleavage, but hairpin opening activity alone does not explain the moderate X‐ray sensitivity of Artemis‐deficient cells. We report here that, at variance with what has been described in mice, cell lines from Artemis–/– patients are moderately sensitive to mitomycin C and show only a low to moderate increase in genomic instability, both spontaneously and after exposure to ionizing radiations. There is some heterogeneity in the levels of DNA damage sensitivity and genome instability, which could in part be due to different effects of the specific mutation involved or to genetic background, which may not always represent null alleles. This data supports the hypothesis that, in addition to playing a role in hairpin opening during the V(D)J recombination process, Artemis is involved in the repair of a subset of DNA damage whose exact nature is still undefined.
Tolerization of dendritic cells by HLA‐G
Authors: Ristich Vladimir , Liang Siyuan , Zhang Wei , Wu Juan , Horuzsko Anatolij 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe expression of HLA‐G at the fetal‐maternal interface during pregnancy and in transplanted tissue makes this a key molecule in the acceptance of a semiallogeneic fetus and allogeneic transplant. Dendritic cells (DC) play a critical role in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses. DC are present in maternal decidua, but must be kept under tight control. Here we describe the mechanism of tolerization of DC by HLA‐G through inhibitory receptor interactions. The HLA‐G‐ILT (immunoglobulin‐like transcript) interaction leads to development of tolerogenic DC with the induction of anergic and immunosuppressive T cells. Using human monocyte‐derived DC and ILT4‐transgenic mice, we show that (i) HLA‐G induces the development of tolerogenic DC with arrest maturation/activation of myeloid DC, (ii) HLA‐G‐modified DC induce differentiation of anergic and immunosuppressive CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells, and (iii) the gene expression profile provides evidence that HLA‐G induces tolerogenic DC by disruption of the MHC class II presentation pathway. Ligation of ILT4 receptor on DC from transgenic mice diminished peptide presentation by MHC class II molecules and significantly prolonged allograft survival. These findings provide support that HLA‐G is an important tolerogenic molecule on DC for the acceptance of a semiallogeneic fetus and transplanted tissue/organ.
Catalytic Properties of a MnIII‐Salen Complex Immobilised in a Pillared Clay by Simultaneous Pillaring/Encapsulation Procedures
Authors: Cardoso Beatriz , Pires João , Carvalho Ana P. , Carvalho Manuela B. , Kuźniarska‐Biernacka Iwona , Silva Ana R. , Freire Cristina , de Castro Baltazar 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe simultaneous encapsulation of a manganese(III)‐salen complex, [Mn(salhd)Cl], and pillaring of a montmorillonite clay with aluminium polyoxycations was performed using two methods: method A – the [Mn(salhd)Cl] complex was dissolved in ethanol and added to the oligomer solution at a stage when the oligomeric species had already formed; method B – the complex, also dissolved in ethanol, was added to the clay dispersion. After calcination, both materials were Soxhlet extracted to remove the excess complex, and characterised by XRD, nitrogen adsorption at –196 °C, XPS, atomic absorption and FTIR spectroscopy. In both cases, the manganese(III)‐salen complex is mainly physically entrapped within the matrix, although some host–guest interactions with the matrix may be present. Both new materials [Mn(salhd)Cl]@Al‐WYO_A and [Mn(salhd)Cl]@Al‐WYO_B show catalytic activity in the epoxidation of styrene at room temperature with PhIO as oxygen source in acetonitrile. The solids present high styrene epoxide selectivity, and may be reused at least four times. FTIR spectra of the catalysts after the catalytic reactions suggest that during the reaction no structural changes of the pillared clay (PILC) took place, but low extent complex leaching occurred. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)