bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-procedure pain in preterm neonates undergoing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Verma Ankit , Singla Raman , Kumar Vivek , Chandra Purna , Chandra Parijat , Thukral Anu , Sankar Mari Jeeva , Agarwal Ramesh , Deorari Ashok 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the pain intensity during 48 hours post retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening.
Design: Prospective cohort study
Settings: Level-III NICU in India
Participants: 83 Neonates undergoing first ROP screening
Main outcome measures: Pain assessment using the premature infant pain profile-revised (PIPP-R) score at baseline and 5minutes, 30minutes, 6-, 24-, and 48-hours post-procedure.
Results: The mean gestation and birth weight was 29.8(2.3) weeks and 1256(344) g respectively. The median (IQR) PIPP-R score at baseline was 0 which significantly increased to 10.5(8,12.5) 5min (immediately) after the procedure. At 30min and 6hours, scores were 7(5,8) and 4.5(3,5.5) respectively. After 24 and 48hours, it decreased to 3(0,5) and 0(0,4.5) respectively. Nearly 59%(95% CI:40%–83%) of neonates had severe pain (PIPP-R score>12).
Conclusion: A majority of neonates experience severe pain immediately after ROP screening and mild-moderate pain continues for 6 hours, hence an additional pharmacological agent should be considered for reducing neonatal pain.
Survival outcome was superior with liver resection versus percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma 2-3 cm
Authors: Yen Yi-Hao , Liu Yueh-Wei , Hung Chao-Hung , Chen Chien-Hung , Kee Kwong-Ming , Li Wei-Feng , Wang Chih-Chi , Lin Chih-Yun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Previous reports are ambiguous about the efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (pRFA) in treating patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a single 2.0–3.0 cm tumor. Our study compared outcomes of pRFA and liver resection (LR) in these patients.
Methods
From 2011 to 2021, 378 patients undergoing LR and 238 patients undergoing pRFA for early-stage HCC with a single 2.0–3.0 cm tumor and Child–Pugh class A liver disease were enrolled. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan − Meier method after propensity score matching (PSM) by age, sex, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score.
Results
In multivariate analysis, pRFA vs. LR was the only comparison associated with five-year OS (HR: 2.278; 95% CI: 1.515–3.427; p < 0.001) and five-year RFS (HR: 1.995; 95% CI: 1.505–2.643; p < 0.001). After PSM, LR was associated with a significantly higher survival benefit than pRFA (five-year OS: 82% vs. 61%; p = 0.001; five-year RFS: 60% vs. 35%; p = 0.001).
Conclusion
LR offers a higher survival benefit than pRFA for patients with early-stage HCC with a single 2.0–3.0 cm tumor.
Automatic hyperparameter tuning of topology optimization algorithms using surrogate optimization
Authors: Ha Dat , Carstensen Josephine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach that automates the tuning process in topology optimization of parameters that are traditionally defined by the user. The new method draws inspiration from hyperparameter optimization in machine learning. A new design problem is formulated where the topology optimization hyperparameters are defined as design variables and the problem is solved by surrogate optimization. The new design problem is nested, such that a topology optimization problem is solved as an inner problem.To encourage the identification of high-performing solutions while limiting the computational resource requirements, the outer objective function is defined as the original objective combined with penalization for intermediate densities and deviations from the prescribed material consumption.The contribution is demonstrated on density-based topology optimization with various hyperparameters and objectives, including compliance minimization, compliant mechanism design, and buckling load factor maximization. Consistent performance is observed across all tested examples. For a simple two hyperparameter case, the new framework is shown to reduce amount of times a topology optimization algorithm is executed by 90\% without notably sacrificing the objective compared to a rigorous manual grid search.
The Implementability and Proximal Effects of a Transdiagnostic Mental Health Intervention for Adolescents (Kort): Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Intensive Longitudinal Study
Authors: ENGELL Thomas , HELLAND Siri Saugestad , VIRA Emily Gabriela , BERG Silje , KVAMME Line Solheim , KJØBLI John , BERGSETH Josefine , BRENNE Inga , NES Ragnhild BANG , RØYSAMB Espen , Brager-LARSEN Line , JENESON Anette , LØNSETTEIG Ane , VANGEN Ole-Martin , LEINAN Knut-Petter , MELLBLOM Anneli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This protocol describes a study designed to test the implementability and proximal effects of a transdiagnostic mental health intervention for adolescents in school health services. The study is driven by the urgent need to address the rising mental health challenges among adolescents, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Leveraging implementation science and evidence-informed intervention elements, this co-designed intervention focuses on emotion regulation (ER) as a central target for usable prevention and support.
Methods
The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating intensive longitudinal experience sampling (daily measures for 13 weeks), a micro trial, pre-, post-, and follow-up measures, audio recordings, and qualitative interviews to triangulate data from school nurses and adolescent participants. The research questions span the domains of intervention implementability, barriers and facilitators to implementation, proximal outcomes for adolescents' emotion regulation, the mechanisms driving the intervention's proximal effects, and response burden in experience sampling. The study aims to recruit a minimum of 25 health nurses and 46 adolescents.
Discussion
The study is novel in using mixed methods from multiple theoretical paradigms to examine ER as a dynamic process and transdiagnostic target outcome for promoting mental health and preventing disorders. Through daily diary and ecological momentary assessments, the study explores the intricacies of ER in real-life settings. Coupling the experience sampling with highly detailed fidelity measurement, we will observe adolescents' day-to-day responses to intervention elements and how they affect emotion regulation. The integrated micro-trial also addresses concerns about response burden in experience sampling to optimize data collection strategies for future studies.
Trial registration
The ISRCTN-registry: ISRCTN14932526, registration date 04/04/2023
Wage inequality, Urbanization and In(formalization) in India
Authors: Mondal Rima , Grover Minali , Bahl Shweta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aims to explain the wage inequality from the standpoint of urbanization being experienced by the developing economies, focusing on the case of India. Migration, changes in the administration boundaries and natural growth, sub-urbanization and informalization of spaces during urbanization contribute differently to wage inequality. The contribution of different types of urbanization to wage inequality has been captured by segregating spatial inequality from sectoral. The findings from quantile regression reveal that sectoral wage inequality in urban areas is higher than spatial wage inequality. Given the rapid and poor quality of urbanization observed in India, the study concludes that formalization/ strengthening labour market institutions should be prioritized for addressing the issues of wage inequality and promoting urban prosperity.
JEL Classification: R12, J31, J46, O17
Investigation of Cognitive Functions, Quality of Life, and Exercise Compatibility in Lung Cancer Patients Given Calisthenic Exercise
Authors: HATIMOGULLARI Kardelen , KOCAMAZ Deniz , KARAN Canan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The present study was conducted to investigate the cognitive functions, quality of life, and exercise compliance of lung cancer patients given Callisthenic Exercises.
Method
A total of 33 patients who were diagnosed with advanced lung cancer were included in the study after being randomly divided into two groups as Physical Activity Adherence (PAC) (Group 1) and Home Exercise Training (HET) (Group 2). The participants in Physical Activity Adherence Group performed the prescribed Callisthenic Exercises under the guidance of a physiotherapist for 8 weeks. The Home Exercise Training Group was given an exercise booklet and was asked to do the exercises at home during weekly checks. The demographic data of the participants were recorded. Evaluations were made by using the Cancer Research and Treatment Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), Exercise Compliance Rating Scale, Cognitive Function Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale.
Results
It was found that the patients who had lung cancer had greater exercise compliance when they performed the exercises under the guidance of a physiotherapist. The booklet and supervised follow-up that were given to the Home Exercise Training Group were among the factors that increased compliance with the exercises. Also, Callisthenic Exercises were shown to be effective in reducing the side effects of cancer and its treatment. When post-intervention differences were evaluated, it was found that perceived cognitive impairments decreased in the Home Exercise Training Group. An improvement was detected in the quality of life survey subgroups in the Physical Activity Adherence Group.
Discussion
Callisthenic Exercise and regular follow-up increased exercise compliance in individuals who had lung cancer. As compliance with exercise programs increased, the participants’ quality of life, cognitive well-being, and perception of exercise benefits increased, and the severity of fatigue decreased. Preferring Callisthenic Exercises in lung cancer patients is considered to be more effective in increasing compliance because of the lower endurance requirement.
Os supratrochleare anterius: a very rare clinical case and review of literature
Authors: Kachlik David , Kunc Vojtech , Salavova Sarka , Kopp Lubomir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose:
The accessory ossicles around the elbow are very rare variant structures, present in approximately 0.7% of cases. They can cause diagnostic problems and can be mistaken for pathological structures, especially when pain and limitation of elbow movements are present and a trauma can be traced in the patient’s history. They are of different nature, either presenting within muscle tendons as sesamoids (brachialis and triceps brachii muscles) or presenting intra-articularly probably as separated or accessory ossification centres. The least common is the os supratrochleare anterius.
Methods:
We present a case of a young male, presenting with chronic blocking and 20° limited flexion of his right elbow, which bothered him during his occupation as a locksmith. In history, he suffered minor trauma to the elbow 20 years ago. X-ray and CT showed a large ossicle in the coronoid fossa of the humerus.
Results:
The ossicle was surgically extracted in small pieces. The patient left satisfied with no mention of complaints.
Conclusion:
The os supratrochleare anterius is a very rare accessory osssicle of the elbow, located in the coronoid fossa of the humerus which can mimic many pathological states, and limit movements and causing pain around the elbow.
A geospatial analysis of local intermediate snail host distributions provides insight into schistosomiasis risk within under-sampled areas of southern Lake Malawi
Authors: Reed Amber Lydia , Al-Harbi Mohammad H , Makaulai Peter , Condemine Charlotte , Hesketh Josie , Archer John , Jones Sam , Kayuni Sekeleghe A , Musaya Janelisa , Stanton Michelle C , Stothard J Russell , Fronterre Claudio , Jewell Christopher 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: Along the southern shoreline of Lake Malawi, the incidence of schistosomiasis is increasing with snails of the genera Bulinus and Biomphalaria transmitting urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis, respectively. Since the underlying distribution of snails is partially known, often being focal, developing pragmatic spatial models that interpolate snail information across under-sampled regions is required to understand and assess current and future risk of schistosomiasis.
Methods: A secondary geospatial analysis of recently collected malacological and environmental survey data was undertaken. Using a Bayesian Poisson latent Gaussian process model abundance data were fitted for Bulinus and Biomphalaria. Interpolating the abundance of snails along the shoreline (given their relative distance along the shoreline ∼x km) was achieved by smoothing, using extracted environmental rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), evapotranspiration, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil type covariate data for all predicted locations. Our adopted model used a combination of two-dimensional (2D) and one dimensional (1D) mapping.
Results: A significant association between normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and abundance of Bulinus spp. was detected [log risk ratio -0.83, 95% CI: -1.57, -0.09]. A qualitatively similar association was found between NDVI and Biomphalaria spp. but was not statistically significant [log risk ratio -1.42, 95% CI:-3.09, 0.10]. All other environmental data considered were non-significant.
Conclusions: The spatial range in which interpolation of snail distributions is possible appears less than y km, owing to fine-scale biotic and abiotic heterogeneities. The forthcoming challenge is to refine geospatial sampling frameworks with future opportunities to map schistosomiasis within actual or predicted snail distributions which might better reveal the environmental transmission possibilities.
Predicting Cryptocurrency Prices during Periods of Conflict: A Comparative Sentiment Analysis Approach Using SVM, CNN-LSTM, and PySentimento
Authors: Rateb Muhammad Nabil , Alansary Sameh , Elzouka Marwa Khamis , Galal Mohamad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sentiment analysis is a powerful tool for extracting valuable insights from social media data. In this paper, more than one million tweets spanning three months (March, June, and December 2022) regarding three cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Binance Coin (BNB) during the Russian-Ukrainian War are considered. Two models, a convolutional neural network with long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) and a support vector machine (SVM) with GloVe and TF-IDF features, are trained on a labeled dataset of more than fifty thousand tweets about Bitcoin labeled as (positive, negative, and neutral). A pretrained model (Pysentimento) for sentiment analysis is also employed to compare the performances of the three models. The models are tested on the labeled dataset and then evaluated on the unlabeled tweets, revealing that Pysentimento's level of accuracy outperforms the other two models. Google Trends, along with the opening and closing prices, and the volume of the three cryptocurrencies, in addition to the results of Pysentimento sentiment classification, are employed to apply the Pearson correlation coefficient and conduct price prediction analysis using the SARIMA model. It is found that Bitcoin may appeal to those seeking stability and a known record of accomplishment, while Binance Coin and Ethereum may attract investors looking for more diverse opportunities. Sentiment analysis using machine learning is found to provide invaluable information for cryptocurrency price forecasting and trading strategies, especially in the context of geopolitical events and market volatility.
Spinal infections? mNGS combined with microculture and pathology for answers
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Liu Yonghong , Huang Shengsheng , Pang Zixiang , Wei Qian , Liu Yuzhen , Qin Hongyuan , Chen Yuanming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This study focuses on the efficacy of genome sequencing technology (mNGS) in diagnosing infections of the spine and the development of therapeutic regimens combining mNGS, microbiological cultures, and pathological investigations to provide new perspectives for the treatment of spinal infections.
Methods
Data were collected on 108 patients with suspected spinal infections between January 2022 and December 2023. Lesion tissues were obtained through C-arm assisted puncture or open surgery for mNGS, conventional microbiological culture, or pathological analysis. Treatment plans involving personalized antimicrobial therapy were tailored based on mNGS findings, microbial cultures, and pathological analysis, with a follow-up evaluation 7 days postoperatively. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS for detecting spinal infection pathogens, as well as its impact on treatment and prognosis, were assessed based on the final clinical outcomes.
Results
In the diagnosis of spinal infections, the positive detection rate of mNGS (61.20%) was significantly higher than that of conventional microbiological culture (30.80%) and PCT (28%). The sensitivity (79.41%) and negative predictive value (63.16%) of mNGS were substantially greater than those of cultures (25% and 22.58%, respectively), with no significant difference in specificity and positive predictive value. Seven days post-surgery, a notable reduction in the percentage of neutrophils (NEUT%) was observed, while decreases in white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were not statistically significant. At the last follow-up, there was a significant decrease in all patients' Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores.
Conclusion
The efficacy of mNGS technology surpasses traditional microbiological culture in pathogen detection, exhibiting superior performance particularly in identifying rare and critical pathogens. Treatment protocols combining mNGS, microbiological cultures and pathological examinations are effective in the treatment of spinal infections and provide a valuable clinical reference.
Chalcogen Effects and Cathodic Properties of Scandium-based Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Panigrahi Rachita , Mallik Bhabani 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries emerged as a sustainable alternative to overcome the cost, availability, safety, and energy density concerns challenged by existing commercialized lithium-ion battery technology. This paper focuses on modeling new layered sodium scandium chalcogenides (O, S, and Se) as electrode materials for large-scale energy storage. We examined and compared the structural, electronic, cathodic, and transport properties of NaScX2 layered materials. The calculated energy barrier for Na-ion diffusion decreases, i.e., 0.7 and 0.57 eV from oxide to selenides. As we go to the higher ionic radii of divalent anions, it shows higher electric polarizability. NaScO2 has a high theoretical capacity of 268 mAhg-1. Hence, layered selenide has a higher capability to deform the electron charge density of anion by the nearby Na cations. This influences the mobility of diffusing alkali metal cations.
A Descriptive Study on Diagnostic Timelines, and Factors Influencing Delayed Diagnosis Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients at Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Lalango Fiona , Kabagenyi Fiona , Seguya Amina , Byaruhanga Richard , Otiti Jeff 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Many patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) often present with advanced disease. This may result from delay in deciding to seek care, delay in reaching the healthcare facility and or delay in accessing care in the healthcare facility. We therefore set out to determine the time to definitive diagnosis and factors associated with delayed diagnosis among patients with HNC at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI).
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at UCI, patients with HNC were recruited. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic factors and clinical characteristics, including timelines in months, from symptom onset to deciding to seek care, to reaching the health care facility and to definitive diagnosis. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the factors of association with delayed diagnosis.
Results
We recruited 160 HNC patients, and 134 patients were analyzed. The median age was 49.5 years IQR 26.5, 70% (94 of 134) were male, 48% (69 of 134) had below secondary school education, 49% (65 of 134) had a household income < 54 USD and 56% (76 of 134) were sole bread winners, 67%(89 of 134) had good access road condition to the nearest health unit and 70% (91 of 134 ) presented with tumor stage 4. Median time from onset of symptoms to definitive diagnosis was 8.1 months, IQR 15.1 and 70% (87 of 134) of patients had delayed diagnosis. Good access roads (aOR: 0.26, p = 0.006), secondary school education (aOR: 0.17, p = 0.038), and household income > 136 USD (aOR: 0.27, p = 0.043) were associated with lower odds of delayed diagnosis. Being the sole bread winner (aOR: 2.15, p = 0.050) increased the odds of delayed diagnosis
Conclusion
Most of HNC patients (65%) at UCI had delayed diagnosis. It is essential to implement public awareness campaigns focusing on HNC symptoms and signs, establish a national care pathway for individuals with suspected HNC and consider rotation of Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons to underserved regions, to mitigate diagnostic delay.
The comparison of treatment outcomes between combined chemotherapy-radiation therapy (Chemo-RT) and radiation therapy alone (RT) in intracranial germ cell tumor in adolescent and young adult patients (AYA)
Authors: Rongthong Warissara , Suntornpong Nan , Thephamongkhol Kullathorn , Treechairusame Teeradon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence of Intracranial germ cell tumor(iGCT) in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is less common that in pediatric patients. However, the recurrent rate of iGCT in AYA (7.6%) is higher than children (2%). Because iGCT in AYA population are lacking randomized trials to standardize the treatment. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the practice patterns and outcomes of iGCT in AYA.
Methods
This is a single-center retrospective cohort study. Patients with IGCT aged 15 to 39 years were managed at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand from 2007 to 2019. The charts were reviewed and compared outcome between who received Chemo-RT and RT alone.
Results
The median follow-up time was 7.6 years. Eighty-four patients were included in this study: 60 germinomas, 24 NGGCT patients. In the case of NGGCT, the 5-year and 10-year EFS/OS were 100% and 100% in RT alone. In RT plus chemotherapy, the 5-year and 10-year EFS were 67.57% and 54.05%. The 5-year and 10-year OS were 68.44% and 68.44%. For germinoma, the 5-year and 10-year EFS were 95.83% and 76.87% in RT alone. The 5-year and 10-year OS were 95.83% and 86.40%. Whereas in RT plus chemotherapy, the 5-year and 10-year EFS were 73.33% and 69.63%. The 5-year and 10-year OS were 85.10% and 69.63%.
Conclusions
We report the outcomes with different approaches of patients in AYA with iGCT to our knowledge. In our series, the patient who received chemotherapy had no survival benefit and probably worsen survival in both NGCCT and pure germinoma.