bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE HUMAN PLACENTA IN EARLY AND LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Sheppard B. L. , Bonnar John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUltrastructural changes in the uterine arteries supplying the human placenta in early and late pregnancy have been studied. The arteries of the myometrium contained no elastic lamina between the endothelium and smooth muscle cells of the media. Intraluminal trophoblast cells are present within the spiral arteries of the decidua and in areas also form an intimal lining of the vessels. Within the media of the decidual spiral arteries in early and late pregnancy trophoblast cells are also present and together with amorphous material largely replace the smooth muscle cells of the media. The electron dense material surrounding the trophoblast in the media was identified as fibrin. In late pregnancy mural thrombi were found in both myometrial and decidual spiral arteries. The removal of the elastic lamina will reduce the compliance and variation of pressure in the arterial blood flow to the placenta. The type of structural modification of the media of the arteries supplying the placenta will facilitate the expansion of these vessels to provide increased blood flow as pregnancy advances and their occlusion and collapse after parturition.
AMNIOTIC FLUID COMPOSITION IN MALFORMATIONS OF THE FETAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Emery A. E. H. , Brock D. J. H. , Burt D. , Eccleston D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe results are presented of measurements of optical density at 450nm (ΔOD450), 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid (5‐HIAA), α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and amino acids in amniotic fluid at various stages of gestation in over 60 pregnancies in which the fetus had a neural tube defect namely anencephaly and/or spina bifida. Before 20 weeks' gestation neither ΔOD450 nor 5‐HIAA levels were abnormal. AFP levels were more reliable than amino acid concentrations for the antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects, particularly in early pregnancy. Various interpretations for these findings are discussed including the possibility that ΔOD450 and AFP levels in amniotic fluid might reflect altered maternal metabolism.
PROGESTERONE INHIBITION OF HUMAN MYOMETRIUM CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE ACTIVITY IN THE NON‐GRAVID SUBJECT
Authors: Lanza A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryExperiments done on uterine muscle obtained from non‐pregnant patients at hysterectomy showed that the preoperative injection of progesterone inhibited creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity of the myometrium.
A COMPARISON OF CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE THIRD STAGE OF LABOUR FOLLOWING OXYTOCIC DRUGS AND DIAZEPAM
Authors: Williams C. Vaughan , Johnson A. , Ledward R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe changes in central venous pressure (CVP) in patients who received ergometrine, oxytocin, ergometrine with oxytocin (Syntometrine), or no oxytocic drug in the third stage of labour have been compared. The results showed that there was a significant rise in central venous pressure after the administration of ergometrine and Syntometrine. When diazepam was given late in the first stage of labour to a group of patients who received Syntometrine during the course of delivery the changes in CVP were not significantly different from those of the control group. In addition, the administration of oxytocin in the management of the third stage did not produce a significant rise in CVP. The volume of blood lost was significantly reduced in all subjects by the use of oxytocic drugs.
MATERNAL HYPOXAEMIA AFTER PETHIDINE
Authors: Huch A. , Huch R. , Lindmark G. , Rooth G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTranscutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) was monitored in 28 women during labour, using a method which correlates closely with arterial oxygen tension. Most women increased their ventilation during uterine contractions and decreased it when the uterus relaxed. The tcPO2 record, therefore, showed a wave form synchronous with the uterine pressure curve.In four out of nine women given 50 mg. of pethidine and in 13 out of 19 given 100 mg. of pethidine with 1.25 mg. of levallorphan (Dolantin S), the fall in tcPO2 became greater immediately following the administration of the drug. The tcPO2 fell to about 30 mm. Hg in four women. Abnormal heart rate patterns were recorded from eight fetuses.
OVULATORY FAILURE IN A NORMAL POPULATION AND IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Swain Margaret C. , Bulbrook R. D. , Hayward J. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe luteal phase plasma progesterone levels of 341 control patients were compared with those in 25 patients with early and 12 patients with advanced breast cancer. There was a significant increase of ovulatory failure and luteal deficiency in patients with advanced breast cancer.
INTRAUTERINE ADMINISTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN 15 (S) 15 METHYL E2 METHYL ESTER IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH A HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
Authors: Karim S. M. M. , Ratnam S. S. , Choo H. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntrauterine administration of Prostaglandin 15 (S) 15 methyl E2 methyl ester was successfully used to evacuate the uterus in 20 patients with a hydatidiform mole. Fifteen patients aborted with a single intrauterine dose of 30μg. of the analogue and five were given a second dose eight hours later. The interval between the first dose to expulsion of the hydatidiform mole ranged from 2 3/4 hours to 16 hours with a mean of 9 hours 4 minutes for the 20 patients.
AN ASSESSMENT OF URINARY AND PLASMA STEROID ESTIMATIONS FOR MONITORING TREATMENT OF ANOVULATION WITH GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Black W. P. , Coutts J. R. T. , Dodson Kay S. , Rao L. G. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTotal urinary oestrogens (UE), plasma oestradiol‐17β (PE2), plasma progesterone and urinary pregnanediol values were estimated during 28 cycles of treatment with human menopausal gonadotrophins (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in seven patients with primary or secondary amenorrhoea who complained of infertility. Ovulation occurred in 23 courses of treatment and three patients became pregnant. PE2 estimations gave a more accurate day to day assessment of the response of patients to treatment than UE values. Monitoring of treatment with PE2 values should reduce any tendency to overstimulation with HMG and allow more accurate timing of the first HCG injection which is critical for a successful ovulatory response. The first HCG dose is an effective stimulus to ovulation when administered on the day of the UE peak which is the day after the PE2 peak. The first HCG dose appeared to be an ineffective stimulus to ovulation if given subsequent to this time or more than two days after the last HMG stimulation.
THE EFFECT OF BED REST ON PLASMA RENIN IN HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Symonds E. M. , Andersen G. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma renin concentration and plasma renin activity have been measured in a group of women in the third trimester of pregnancy before and after three days' bed rest. Twelve women were normotensive, 21 women had pregnancies complicated by hypertension alone, and in 9 women the pregnancy was complicated by hypertension and proteinuria.Bed rest resulted in an increase in plasma renin activity and concentration in the groups where pregnancies were complicated by hypertension or hypertension and proteinuria.The study also confirms previous observations that plasma renin concentration and plasma renin activity are lower in pregnancies complicated by hypertension than in normal pregnancies. The one exception was the group of multigravidae with hypertension and proteinuria where the levels were higher after rest than in all other groups.
REPRODUC1B1LITY OF MEASUREMENT OF FETAL BIPARIETAL DIAMETER BY ULTRASONIC CEPHALOMETRY
Authors: Lunt Rosemary M. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe error in ultrasonic measurement of fetal biparietal diameter was calculated from paired measurements on 129 fetuses of 12 to 40 weeks' gestation. The error was significantly greater for heads less than 59 mm. and more than 83 mm. It is concluded that the technique is of greatest value between the 23rd and 31st weeks. After the 31st week the error increases rapidly until at term it is equivalent to 12 days' average growth. Improvements are suggested which may increase the clinical value of the estimates at all stages of pregnancy.
FETAL GROWTH IN RELATION TO HISTAMINE CONCENTRATION IN URINE
Authors: Harrison V. C. , Peat G. , Heese Hdev 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe excretion of free histamine in urine was determined in 225 normal pregnancies. It rose to a plateau at about 160 μg./24 hours in the third trimester of pregnancy and then rapidly fell to below 100 μg./24 hours at term. The rate of excretion was found to be helpful in the assessment of fetal lung maturation in late pregnancy. When the excretion rate exceeded 100 μg./24 hours the fetus was likely to be immature, growing adequately and standing a chance of developing hyaline membrane disease if delivered at this stage. When persistently low rates of histamine excretion were recorded, the fetus had either reached the stage of normal full term development or was growth retarded. In either case the lungs of such a fetus were likely to be mature.
MATERNAL ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE AND CORTISOL DURING LABOUR AND VAGINAL DELIVERY
Authors: Kauppila Antti , Tuimala Risto , Haapalahti Jouko 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma concentrations of ACTH (by radioimmunoassay) and cortisol (by competitive protein binding) were measured in eight healthy parturients during labour and vaginal delivery. The concentration of both ACTH and cortisol increased during labour; the maximum values were recorded immediately prior to delivery. The changes correlated well with the degree of cervical dilatation. Both the mean (±SEM) ACTH (275.3±39.5 pg./ml.) and cortisol (2.33±0.49 μmol./l.) recorded before delivery were significantly elevated compared with the initial values (ACTH: 89.3±39.5 pg./ml.; cortisol: 0.86±0.20 μmol./l.).
SEX CHROMATIN FREQUENCY IN ELDERLY WOMEN AFTER THE MENOPAUSE
Authors: Dokumov Stoyan I. , Spasov Spas A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence of sex chromatin in nuclei of epithelial cells in buccal smears was determined in 63 women aged 62 to 93 who had reached the menopause from 10 to 50 years previously. The incidence of sex chromatin was more than 25 per cent in only 12.7 per cent of women, 20 to 24 per cent in 42.8 per cent of the patients and under 20 per cent of cells examined in 44.5 per cent of patients.
PLACENTA ACCRETA FOLLOWING LYSIS OF UTERINE SYNECHIAE (ASHERMAN'S SYNDROME)
Authors: Georgakopoulos Panayotis 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree cases of placenta praevia accreta after lysis of uterine synechiae are presented. The possibility of the above complication in a pregnancy following the treatment of Asherman's syndrome is emphasized. These cases must be under special antenatal care and if diagnosed in time they should be treated by Caesarean section and in most cases Caesarean hysterectomy is probably the safest procedure.
ENGAGEMENT OF THE FETAL HEAD IN PRIMIGRAVIDAE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DURATION OF GESTATION AND TIME OF ONSET OF LABOUR
Authors: Weeks A. R. L. , Flynn M. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a retrospective survey on the time of engagement of the fetal head in 462 unselected consecutive primigravidae it was seen that by the end of the 37th week of gestation (259 days), engagement had occurred in only 23 per cent of them. The highest rate of engagement was from 39 to 40 weeks of gestation (273 to 280 days) and in 50 per cent of patients, engagement occurred between 38 and 42 weeks (266 to 294 days). The mean interval between engagement and delivery was 1–39 weeks (9.7 days), the median was 7 days, and the mode was less than 7 days. In 80 per cent of patients the engagement‐delivery interval was less than 14 days. These findings strongly suggest that in the majority of primigravid patients the fetal head does not engage between 36 and 38 weeks of gestation (252 to 266 days) as is commonly believed.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTINUOUS FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS AND APGAR SCORE IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Bissonnette J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relationship between the continuous fetal heart rate pattern in the first stage of labour and the one‐minute Apgar score of the newborn was examined in 714 patients. The highest incidence of fetal depression (one‐minute Apgar score less than 7) was observed with the late deceleration pattern and with variable deceleration associated with an abnormal baseline. Variable deceleration with a normal baseline and loss of beat‐to‐beat variation, both complicated and uncomplicated, were associated with infants with a low Apgar score to a greater degree than were the other patterns.
TREATMENT OF STRESS INCONTINENCE BY A FIBRIN BIOPLAST
Authors: Horn Bela , Kover Jozsef , Marton Istvan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA new simple method of treating urinary stress incontinence is to fix a fibrin implant vaginally to the bladder neck and upper urethra. The support provided by the implant is maintained after its resorption by the fibrous tissue which replaces it. The two‐year cure rate in 85 patients was 93 per cent.
SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY AFTER CONSERVATIVE SURGERY AND RADIOTHERAPY FOR DISGERMINOMA OF THE OVARY
Authors: McCarthy T. G. , Milton P. J. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 19‐year‐old patient was treated for disgerminoma of the right ovary by right salpingo‐oophorectomy and pelvic radiotherapy in 1967. The left ovary was shielded after the first two treatments and the patient has since conceived three times and has shown no evidence of recurrence of the tumour.
GYNANDROBLASTOMA OF THE OVARY
Authors: Anderson M. C. , Rees D. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA gynandroblastoma of the ovary in a 17‐year‐old girl is reported. Primary amenorrhoea, hirsuties and slight clitoral enlargement were associated with the tumour and high levels of circulating testosterone were found. This is the first gynandroblastoma in which Reinke crystalloids have been identified in the Leydig cell component. The criteria for the diagnosis of this tumour and its histogenesis are discussed.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF RECENT TRENDS IN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Beral Valerie 
Published: August 2005

SummaryData from two independent sources in England and Wales, the first based upon persons discharged from hospital and the second upon general practitioner consultations, indicate that the incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been increasing since the late 1950s, with a particularly sharp increase since 1970. Time trends in the age and regional distribution of ectopic pregnancy suggest that the increasing use of intrauterine contraceptive devices may be a major factor contributing to this recent increase in extrauterine gestations. In contrast, recent age and regional trends in tubal infection appear to be unrelated to the trends in ectopic pregnancy. The possible contribution of progestogen‐only contraceptives, induced abortion and tubal surgery to the recent increase in extrauterine pregnancy cannot be assessed from the available data.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID IN INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNA4NCY, PRE‐ECLAMPSIA AND RHESUS INCOMPATIBILITY
Authors: Ylöstalo P. , Tuderman L. , Kuutti E.‐R. , Järvinen P. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe levels of free amino acids in amniotic fluid were determined in twenty patients with normal pregnancy, five with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, twelve with pre‐eclampsia, and four with rhesus incompatibility. In pre‐eclampsia there was no significant change in the amino acid composition of the amniotic fluid. In recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis the concentration of 15 out of the 22 amino acids studied was significantly higher than normal and the mean concentration of 4 others was more than 20 per cent above normal without this being statistically significant. In rhesus incompatibility there was a significant decrease in the concentration of 13 amino acids, and a decrease of more than 20 per cent in the mean concentration of 5 others.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF PLACENTAL LACTOGEN IN THE HUMAN TERM PLACENTA
Authors: Gau Gillian , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial frozen sections of human term placentae were examined by quantitative morphology and, after extraction, by a radioimmunoassay for human placental lactogen (HPL). The total quantity of HPL in the placenta was estimated as 720 mg. The amount of HPL was related to the amount of trophoblast in any area, but otherwise did not vary in different parts of the placenta. A semi‐logarithmic relationship was observed between the amount of HPL and the percentage trophoblast in a section. It is suggested that the amount of HPL in a given area of the placenta is related to the blood‐flow in that area.
PLASMA OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE ESTIMATION FOR THE MONITORING OF INDUCTION OF OVULATION WITH CLOMIPHENE AND CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Swyer G. I. M. , Radwanska Ewa , Mcgarrigle H. H. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo hundred and thirty‐five courses of treatment with clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were administered for the induction of ovulation in 75 infertile women (three with primary amenorrhoea, 45 with secondary amenorrhoea and 27 with oligomenorrhoea) of whom 61 had previously been unsuccessfully treated with clomiphene alone. The treatment was monitored by plasma oestradiol estimations on day 15 and day 22 in 103 cycles and by plasma progesterone estimations on day 22 in all 235 cycles. Injections of HCG were given on days 15 and 22. Twenty patients failed to respond to treatment (43 courses). The remaining 55 patients showed no response in 32 courses, deficient responses in 55 cycles and adequate responses in 105 cycles (plasma progesterone level exceeding 10 ng per ml on day 22). The mean values (±D) of plasma oestradiol on day 15, reflecting follicular development, were: 73±30 pg per ml for cycles with no response; 255±182 for deficient cycles and 366±226 pg per ml for adequate cycles. There was a positive correlation (r =0±57) between day 15 plasma oestradiol and day 22 plasma progesterone values. Increased clomiphene dosage resulted in higher plasma oestradiol and progesterone levels. Thirty‐nine pregnancies occurred in 34 out of 55 patients capable of response (62 per cent). The plasma progesterone levels during conception cycles were higher than those in non‐conception cycles in the same patients. Monitoring of induction of ovulation by plasma hormone estimations allows detection and correction of inadequate response.
PITUITARY RESPONSIVENESS TO SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (LH‐RH) DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND IN FEMALE HYPOGONADISM
Authors: Nakano R. , Kotsuji F. , Tojo S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe pituitary responsiveness to synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH‐RH) in female patients with primary and secondary hypogonadism was tested and compared with that in normal women with regular menstrual cycles. A 200 μg dose of synthetic LH‐RH was injected intravenously into 15 normal menstruating women, 8 patients with primary hypogonadism and 5 patients with secondary hypogonadism and the serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) response to LH‐RH was investigated using double‐antibody radioimmunoassay. In normal women, the LH response to LH‐RH in the pre‐ovulatory phase was greater than that seen in the follicular (p<0.05) and luteal phases (p<0.05) of the menstrual cycle. In contrast, no significant difference in the FSH response was demonstrated among the three different phases of the cycle. The serum LH response to LH‐RH in primary hypogonadism was greater than that in the follicular (p<0.01) and luteal phases (p<0.0l) of the cycle. The serum FSH response in primary hypogonadism was markedly greater than that in the follicular (p<0.01), preovulatory (p<0.0l) and luteal phases (p<0.0l) of the menstrual cycle. Conversely, the LH levels after LH‐RH administration in secondary hypogonadism were significantly lower than in the follicular (p<0.01), preovulatory (p<0.0l) and luteal phases (p<0.01) of the cycle. The FSH response in secondary hypogonadism was slightly below that in the follicular phase (p<0.05). Thus, the FSH response to LH‐RH in primary hypogonadism and the LH response in secondary hypogonadism seemed to be sufficiently characteristic to have diagnostic value.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY PREGNANCY FAILURE BY SONAR
Authors: Robinson Hugh P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a series of 425 consecutive patients examined by sonar in the first half of pregnancy 176 ultimately aborted. On analysis of the sonar and post‐abortion findings it was found that the aborted pregnancies fell into five clearly defined groups; blighted ova or anembryonic pregnancies, missed abortions, hydatidiform moles and early and late live abortions. The blighted ova and the missed abortions comprised by far the largest and the early live abortions the smallest groups. Strict diagnostic sonar criteria of abnormality, independent of menstrual or clinical histories, were established for the first three of the groups, and an absolute diagnosis could be made at the time of the first examination in all cases of missed abortion and hydatidiform mole and in just over half of the cases of blighted ovum, the remainder requiring a second and occasionally a third examination. In the first half of the study the majority of the patients were allowed to abort spontaneously but with increasing confidence in the techniques patients were offered termination whenever the diagnosis of an abortive pregnancy was made. Anticipation of fetal death in utero or impending abortion of a live fetus proved to be a much more difficult problem, and in only those patients who aborted a live fetus before the tenth week of pregnancy did the sonar examination reveal any significant abnormality. Possible aetiological backgrounds to these groups of abortions are discussed in the light of the sonar findings.I am grateful to Professor Ian Donald for his advice and comments during this investigation and I thank the obstetric consultants of the Queen Mother's Hospital whose patients were included in this study, and Mr J. Devlin and his department for preparing the illustrations. This work was performed under the provisions of a Medical Research Council Programme Grant in the University of Glasgow, with Professor Ian Donald as the Programme Leader.
PROGNOSIS IN THREATENED ABORTION: A COMPARISON: BETWEEN PREDICTIONS MADE BY SONAR, URINARY HORMONE ASSAYS AND CLINICAL JUDGEMENT
Authors: Duff G. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of threatened abortion were assessed by means of sonar, urinary oestrogen, pregnanediol and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) assays and clinical examination. Assay of oestrogen excretion was the most accurate (86.5 per cent) in predicting the ultimate outcome of pregnancy, but did not give as much information as sonar examination which gave an accurate prognosis in 84 per cent of cases and was much quicker to perform. The reasons for the sonar failures are discussed. Assay of urinary pregnanediol excretion gave an accurate indication of outcome in 74 per cent of cases and 24‐hour urinary HCG in 70 per cent although random urinary HCG estimations provided an accurate prediction in only 54.5 per cent of cases. Clinical examination presented the usual difficulties in assessing uterine size and predicting abortion from the amount of bleeding and pain.