bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐Learning‐Assisted Neck Motion Monitoring System Self‐Powered Through Biodegradable Triboelectric Sensors
Authors: Sun Fengxin , Zhu Yongsheng , Jia Changjun , Wen Yuzhang , Zhang Yanhong , Chu Liang , Zhao Tianming , Liu Bing , Mao Yupeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the new era of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), big data collection and analysis for intelligent sports are of great importance in monitoring human health. Herein, naturally, biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerators (NB‐TENGs) are developed based on low‐cost, recyclable, and environmentally friendly corn bracts, which are further applied in neck motion recognition. Three NB‐TENGs are integrated into an elastic collar to create a neck‐condition monitoring triboelectric sensor (NCM‐TS). An intelligent behavioral monitoring system is achieved by combining NCM‐TS with a deep learning model, which allows the recognition of four types of neck motion with an average accuracy of 94%. The developed neck motion monitoring sensor has broad potential applications in sports health monitoring, rehabilitation training, and healthcare.
Chemical Scissor Medicated Intercalation of NbS2 by Transition Metal for Electromagnetic Properties Tuning
Authors: Gao Lin , Li Mian , Wang Liming , Chen George Z. , Yang Hongxin , Hu Binjie , Huang Qing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntercalation of layered materials offers an effective approach for tunning their structures and generating unprecedented properties. The multiple van der Waals (vdW) gap combined with long‐range ordering guests can change the interaction of layered host materials and electromagnetic field. Herein, a chemical‐scissor intercalation protocol medicated by molten salt is proposed for tailing the electromagnetic properties of transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). NbS2 is functional intercalated by heteroatoms (Fe, Co, Ni). The intercalated NbS2 with superlattice exhibit improved dielectric properties due to the reduced Brillouin zone size and the local electron distribution. Both the computational and experimental investigations indicate enhanced electron transport and additional polarized centers caused by intercalation. Overall, this work shows the great potential of structure editing of vdW materials, whilst intercalation via the chemical scissor in molten salts is considered a feasible intercalation strategy to further enrich their applications.
Small Molecule Additives to Suppress Bundling in Dimensional‐Limited Self‐Alignment Method for High‐Density Aligned Carbon Nanotube Array
Authors: Chao Tzu‐Ang , Chuu Chih‐Piao , Liew San‐Lin , Hu I‐Fan , Su Sheng‐Kai , Li Shengman , Lin Shih‐Chu , Hou Vincent D.‐H. , Wong H.‐S. Philip , Radu Iuliana , Chang Wen‐Hao , Pitner Gregory , Wang Han 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSemiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotube (CNT) is a promising candidate as a channel material for advanced logic transistors, attributed to the ultra‐thin 1‐nm cylindrical geometry, high mobility, and high carrier injection velocity. However, the presence of undesired CNT bundles in the CNT arrays for wafer‐scale device fabrication, even when utilizing the state‐of‐the‐art dimension‐limited self‐alignment (DLSA) method, poses challenges. These CNT bundles degrade the transistor gate's efficiency in controlling the flow of charge carriers in the CNT channel, leading to pronounced device‐to‐device variability. Here, a novel method is introduced to alleviate bundling in CNT arrays assembled via DLSA, by involving small molecule additive to screen the attractive van der Waals force between neighboring CNTs during the DLSA process, resulting in over 50% reduction in CNT bundling. Furthermore, a pioneering methodology for quantifying CNT bundles is presented and employed experimentally to assess bundles in dense CNT arrays assembled by DLSA using transmission electron microscopy. Both experimental data and molecular dynamics simulation reveal that CNT bundling originates from van der Waals attraction between CNTs, and the disturbed liquid‐liquid interface by accumulating excess polar molecules. These findings illuminate new pathways for realizing dense, bundle‐free CNT arrays.
Photochemical Deoxygenative Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes Promoted by a Nucleophilic Organocatalyst
Authors: Majhi Jadab , Matsuo Bianca , Oh Hyunjung , Kim Saegun , Sharique Mohammed , Molander Gary A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe direct utilization of simple and abundant feedstocks in carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reactions to embellish sp3‐enriched chemical space is highly desirable. Herein, we report a novel photochemical deoxygenative hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes with readily available carboxylic acid derivatives. The reaction displays broad functional group tolerance, accommodating carboxylic acid‐, alcohol‐, ester‐, ketone‐, amide‐, silane‐, and boronic ester groups, as well as nitrile‐containing substrates. The reaction is operationally simple, mild, and water‐tolerant, and can be carried out on multigram‐scale, which highlights the utility of the method to prepare value‐added compounds in a practical and scalable manner. The synthetic application of the developed method is further exemplified through the synthesis of suberanilic acid, a precursor of vorinostat, a drug used for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. A novel mechanistic approach was identified using thiol as a nucleophilic catalyst, which forms a key intermediate for this transformation. Furthermore, electrochemical studies, quantum yield, and mechanistic experiments were conducted to support a proposed catalytic cycle for the transformation.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of in‐situ Generated Nitrile Ylides with Nitrosoarenes
Authors: Yao Wei‐Zhong , Cai Bao‐Gui , Xuan Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHerein we report the rhodium‐catalyzed one‐pot three‐component reaction of diazo compounds, nitriles, and nitrosoarenes to construct 2,5‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives. Mechanistic studies indicate that the transformation may proceed through the formation of nitrile ylides intermediates, which then undergo [3+2]‐cycloaddition with nitrosoarenes. The strategy exhibits several synthetic advantages, including operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, and scalability.
Functional analysis and treatment of adult problem behavior: A review
Authors: Colombo Richard A. , Munoz Alexis , Wallace Michele , Legaspi David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFunctional analysis (FA) methodology has been deemed the best practice in the field of applied behavior analysis. The data collected in an FA allows behavior analysts to develop the most effective and ethical behavior interventions. With the diagnosis for individuals with autism on the rise along with the forecast of adults who will need support, it may be time to take stock of the available literature. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the behavior analytic research over the last 25 years (1997–2022) on FA and treatment for adults who engage in severe problem behavior. Utilizing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the identification of 28 articles. These articles were examined across participant characteristics, target behavior, FA type, FA settings, interventions, generalization, and maintenance. Implications on adult FA and treatment are discussed along with recommendations for practitioners who desire to support this population.
Idiopathic spinal cord herniation with postoperative paraplegia–A case report
Authors: Ifthekar Syed , Shin Sang‐Ha , Lee Sang‐Ho , Bae Junseok 
Published: December 2023

Key clinical messageSpinal cord herniation is an uncommon diagnosis. There should be a high index of suspicion to diagnose spinal cord herniation when a patient presents with incomplete neurological deficits. Surgical repair of the hernia can have postoperative complications with new neurological deficits and they should be considered during the treatment.AbstractA 37‐year‐old male presented with insidious onset upper back pain and altered sensations of pain and temperature over the right half of the body below the nipple for 2 months. MRI of the thoracic spine showed an anterolateral defect (left) at the level of T2‐T3 vertebra. The defect was covered by a dural graft and the wound was closed with a drain On the 3rd postoperative day, neurological weakness progressed to paraplegia. Patient was treated by exploration and decompression of the hematoma. The deficits were completely recovered at one‐month follow‐up. Patients with spinal cord herniation and neurologic deficits when treated timely have good outcomes.
Theoretical Insight into the Special Synergy of Bimetallic Site in Co/MoC Catalyst to Promote N2‐to‐NH3 Conversion
Authors: Fang Zhongpu , Liang Yingsi , Li Yanli , Ni Bilian , Zhu Jia , Li Yi , Huang Shuping , Lin Wei , Zhang Yongfan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe catalytic mechanisms of nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) on the pristine and Co/α‐MoC(001) surfaces were explored by density functional theory calculations. The results show that the preferred pathway is that a direct N≡N cleavage occurs first, followed by continuous hydrogenations. The production of second NH3 molecule is identified as the rate‐limiting step on both systems with kinetic barriers of 1.5 and 2.0 eV, respectively, indicating that N2‐to‐NH3 transformation on bimetallic surface is more likely to occur. The two components of the bimetallic center play different roles during NRR process, in which Co atom does not directly participate in the binding of intermediates, but primarily serves as a reservoir of H atoms. This special synergy makes Co/α‐MoC(001) have superior activity for ammonia synthesis. The introduction of Co not only facilitates N2 dissociation, but also accelerates the migration of H atom due to the antibonding characteristic of Co−H bond. This study offers a facile strategy for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for ammonia synthesis and other reactions involving the hydrogenation processes.
Structure‐Based Design of AG‐946, a Pyruvate Kinase Activator
Authors: Liu Tao , Padyana Anil K. , Judd Evan T. , Jin Lei , Hammoudeh Dalia , Kung Charles , Dang Lenny 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPyruvate kinase (PK) is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and adenosine diphosphate to pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate in glycolysis and plays a crucial role in regulating cell metabolism. We describe the structure‐based design of AG‐946, an activator of PK isoforms, including red blood cell‐specific forms of PK (PKR). This was designed to have a pseudo‐C2‐symmetry matching its allosteric binding site on the PK enzyme, which increased its potency toward PKR while reducing activity against off‐targets observed from the original scaffold. AG‐946 (1) demonstrated activation of human wild‐type PK (half‐maximal activation concentration [AC50]=0.005 μM) and a panel of mutated PK proteins (K410E [AC50=0.0043 μM] and R510Q [AC50=0.0069 μM]), (2) displayed a significantly longer half‐time of activation (>150‐fold) compared with 6‐(3‐methoxybenzyl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐(methylsulfinyl)‐4,6‐dihydro‐5H‐thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyridazin‐5‐one, and (3) stabilized PKR R510Q, an unstable mutant PKR enzyme, and preserved its catalytic activity under increasingly denaturing conditions. As a potent, oral, small‐molecule allosteric activator of wild‐type and mutant PKR, AG‐946 was advanced to human clinical trials.
Groupoid Analysis of Pyroxenes
Authors: Nespolo Massimo , Stoeger Berthold 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe structure and space‐group symmetry of modular structures can be obtained from the knowledge of the structure and subperiodic symmetry of the modules and of the structure‐building operations. This leads to a space groupoid, which contains all the partial operations relating any pairs of modules. Those partial operations that possess a continuation in the whole crystal space are global operations that show up in the space group of the structure. The whole procedure is presented through the example of pyroxenes. The modular structure of these minerals has already been analyzed in the past, but the groupoid construction has only been synthetically described. In this paper, the full step‐by‐step process is presented, which is largely unknown in the crystallographic community.
Using a digital tool to detect early changes in everyday functioning in older adults: A pilot study of the Assessment of Smartphone Everyday Tasks (ASSET)
Authors: Dubbelman Mark A. , Hall Tia C. , Levesque Isabella M. , Mimmack Kayden J. , Sikkes Sietske A. M. , Fischer Shira H. , Rentz Dorene M. , Sperling Reisa A. , Papp Kathryn V. , Amariglio Rebecca E. , Marshall Gad A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTo investigate the utility of a new digital tool for measuring everyday functioning in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, we piloted the Assessment of Smartphone Everyday Tasks (ASSET) application.METHODSForty‐six participants (50.3 ± 27.1 years; 67% female; 20 young unimpaired, 17 old unimpaired, 9 mildly cognitively impaired) completed ASSET 7 times. ASSET comprises two main tasks, simulating a Patient Portal and a Calendar. We assessed ASSET's internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and user experience.RESULTSASSET main tasks correlated with each other (r = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.58, 0.86]). Performance on ASSET's Patient Portal related to cognition (r = 0.64, 95% CI = [0.42, 0.79]) and observer ratings of everyday functioning (r = 0.57, 95% CI = [0.24, 0.79]). Test–retest reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87, 95% CI = [0.77, 0.93]). Most participants rated their experience with ASSET neutrally or positively.DISCUSSIONASSET is a promising smartphone‐based digital assessment of everyday functioning. Future studies may investigate its utility for early diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
LKB1 and CRMP1 cooperatively promote the repair of the sciatic nerve injury
Authors: Liu Yang , Xu You‐jia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAfter peripheral nervous system injury, Schwann cells (SCs) can repair axons by providing a growth‐promoting microenvironment. The aim of this study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of LKB1 and CRMP1 on the repair of sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The expressions of LKB1 and CRMP1 were changed in rats with SNI from 12 h to 4 weeks by hematoxylin–eosin staining, RT‐PCR assay, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. Immunofluorescence results show that LKB1 and CRMP1 are co‐localized in the regenerated axons of the sciatic nerve tissue of SNI rats. Co‐immunoprecipitation indicates that LKB1 interacts with CRMP1. LKB1 interference suppresses the phosphorylation level of CRMP1. Overexpression of LKB1 and CRMP1 promotes the invasion and migration of SCs, and nerve cell protuberance extends. The structure of the myelin sheath in the sciatic nerve of the model group was found to be loose and disordered. Rats in the model group had higher pain thresholds and heat sensitivity response times than those in the control group. Nerve conduction velocity, the latency of action potential, and the peak value of compound muscle action potential in the SNI group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the muscle atrophy was severe. Overexpression of LKB1 may significantly improve the above conditions. However, the function of LKB1 to improve SNI is abolished by the interference of CRMP1. In summary, the interaction between LKB1 and CRMP promotes the migration and differentiation of SCs and the extension of neurons, thereby improving the repair of nerve injury.
Association between engagement with appearance and eating related TikTok content and eating disorder symptoms via recommended content and appearance comparisons
Authors: Dondzilo Laura , Rodgers Rachel F. , Dietel Fanny Alexandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveIt is well‐established that the use of appearance‐focused social media is associated with eating disorder (ED) symptoms, due to the presence of idealized imagery. Of concern, social media exposure is increasingly influenced by algorithms, which recommend content based on an analysis of the users' previous patterns of engagement. However, the relationships between users' engagement with social media content based upon its centering of appearance and eating, the presence of these themes in content suggested to them, and their ED symptoms remains unknown. The current study aimed to examine these relationships in the context of TikTok, a video‐ and algorithm‐based platform.MethodUndergraduate students (N = 230; 78% female) completed self‐report measures of ED symptoms, upwards social media appearance comparisons, as well as a novel measure of TikTok activity.ResultsSerial mediation analyses provided support for indirect relationships between engagement with appearance/eating‐related content and ED symptoms via higher proportions of appearance/eating‐related recommended content and higher levels of upwards social media appearance comparisons, respectively. There was no association between average screen time, nor general tendency to actively engage with content, and either ED symptoms or upwards social media appearance comparisons.DiscussionFindings provide preliminary support for how engagement on TikTok is related to targeted exposure in ways that may contribute to perpetuating and exacerbating ED symptoms.Public significanceSocial media use has been consistently associated with greater eating disorder symptoms. However, the ways in which users' engagement with social media content may be related to targeted social media exposure, and in turn eating disorder symptoms, remains unknown. This research provided preliminary evidence for associations between users' engagement with, and targeted exposure to, TikTok content related to appearance and eating, and their eating disorder symptoms.
Seasonal dynamics in the mammalian microbiome between disparate environments
Authors: Stothart Mason R. , Spina Hayley A. , Hotchkiss Michelle Z. , Ko Winnie , Newman Amy E. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHost‐associated bacterial microbiomes can facilitate host acclimation to seasonal environmental change and are hypothesized to help hosts cope with recent anthropogenic environmental perturbations (e.g., landscape modification). However, it is unclear how recurrent and recent forms of environmental change interact to shape variation in the microbiome. The majority of wildlife microbiome research occurs within a single seasonal context. Meanwhile, the few studies of seasonal variation in the microbiome often restrict focus to a single environmental context. By sampling urban and exurban eastern grey squirrel populations in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, we explored whether seasonal rhythms in the grey squirrel gut microbiome differed across environments using a 16S amplicon sequencing approach. Differences in the microbiome between urban and exurban squirrels persisted across most of the year, which we hypothesize is linked to anthropogenic food consumption, but we also observed similarities in the urban and exurban grey squirrel microbiome during the autumn, which we attribute to engrained seed caching instincts in preparation for the winter. Host behaviour and diet selection may therefore be capable of maintaining similarities in microbiome structure between disparate environments. However, the depletion of an obligate host mucin glycan specialist (Akkermansia) during the winter in both urban and exurban squirrels was among the strongest differential abundance patterns we observed. In summary, urban grey squirrels showed different seasonal patterns in their microbiome than squirrels from exurban forests; however, in some instances, host behaviour and physiological responses might be capable of maintaining similar microbiome responses across seasons.
Effects of low crystallinity cerium oxide on ammonia synthesis activity for cerium oxide supported ruthenium catalyst
Authors: Kobayashi Keisuke , Manaka Yuichi , Nanba Tetsuya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRuthenium (Ru) catalysts supported on cerium oxide (CeO2), which was composed of high crystallinity (HC) CeO2 covered by low crystallinity (LC) CeO2 were investigated. The ammonia synthesis activities of a series of Ru/CeO2(LC)/CeO2(HC), having different LC/HC ratios were evaluated, and various characterizations, such as N2 adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), and hydrogen temperature‐programmed desorption (H2‐TPD), were performed. Ru/CeO2(LC)/CeO2(HC) (0.1) demonstrated higher activity. H2‐TPR revealed that H2 consumption increased as the LC/HC ratio increased. This indicates that the larger the amount of low crystallinity CeO2, the higher the reducibility. However, the results of H2‐TPD imply that the larger the amount of low crystallinity CeO2, the higher the interaction between adsorbed H2 and the catalyst surface. These results indicate that the balance of reducibility and hydrogen adsorption strength plays an important role in increasing the ammonia synthesis activity.
ENSO sentinels in the Americas' humid tropics: We need combined hydrometric and isotopic monitoring for improved El Niño and La Niña impact prediction
Authors: Sánchez‐Murillo R. , Birkel C. , Boll J. , Esquivel‐Hernández G. , Rojas‐Jiménez L. D. , Castro‐Chacón L. , Durán‐Quesada A. M. , Voarintsoa N. R. G. , Dee S. G. , Winguth A. M. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis Scientific Briefing presents results from a nearly 10‐year hydrometric and isotope monitoring network across north‐central Costa Rica, a region known as a headwater‐dependent system. This monitoring system has recorded different El Niño and La Niña events and the direct/indirect effects of several hurricane and tropical storm passages. Our results show that El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a significant but predictable impact on rainfall amount anomalies, groundwater level and spring discharge, as evidenced by second‐order water isotope parameters (e.g., line conditioned‐excess or line‐conditioned (LC)‐excess). Sea surface temperature anomaly (El Niño Region 3) is correlated with a reduction in mean annual and cold front rainfall across the headwaters of north‐central Costa Rica. During El Niño conditions, rainfall is substantially reduced (up to 69.2%) during the critical cold fronts period, limiting groundwater recharge and promoting an early onset of minimum baseflow conditions (up to 5 months). In contrast, La Niña is associated with increased rainfall and groundwater recharge (up to 94.7% during active cold front periods). During La Niña, the long‐term mean spring discharge (39 Ls−1) is exceeded 63–80% of the time, whereas, during El Niño, the exceedance time ranges between 26% and 44%. The regional hydroclimatic variability is also imprinted on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of meteoric waters. Drier conditions favoured lower LC‐excess in rainfall (−17.3‰) and spring water (−6.5‰), whereas wetter conditions resulted in greater values (rainfall = +17.5‰; spring water = +10.7‰). The lower and higher LC‐excess values in rainfall corresponded to the very strong 2014–2016 El Niño and 2018 La Niña, respectively. During the recent triple‐dip 2021–23 La Niña, LC‐excess exhibited a significant and consistently increasing trend. These findings highlight the importance of combining hydrometric, synoptic and isotopic monitoring as ENSO sentinels to advance our current understanding of ENSO impacts on hydrological systems across the humid Tropics. Such information is critical to constraining the 21st century projections of future water stress across this fragile region.