bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Desiderata for Law-Making Institutions
Authors: Gaus Gerald F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us suppose that liberal citizens have partially completed their constitutional task: They have achieved widespread, though of course not complete, consensus on what substantive principles are publicly justified. We have seen that liberal citizens committed to public justification would restrict the set of feasible procedures to those that umpire through law. A justified umpiring procedure must conform to the internal morality of the law, including the principle of equality; it must specify and respect the rights of citizens; and it must respect fundamental law. The critical justificatory task now confronts our liberal citizens: To justify an umpiring procedure to resolve their disputes about the proper interpretation of the demands of fundamental law. The complete umpiring procedure will be complex; it requires both (1) a legislative procedure that adjudicates citizens’ competing inconclusive judgments about the requirements of liberal principles by formulating laws, which are the definitive voice of public reason, and (2) a judicial system to adjudicate competing judgments about the application of laws to specific cases. In addition, a complete account of the juridical state would have to consider the justification of the executive, which enforces the definitive public judgments articulated by law. In what follows, however, I shall focus on the main adjudicative functions of government. In chapters 13-15 I examine legislative adjudicative procedures; I turn to the judiciary in chapter 16.
Introduction
Authors: Williams Joan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The common assumption is that we are seeing the demise of domesticity in America. Domesticity is a gender system comprising most centrally of both the particular organization of market work and family work that arose around 1780, and the gender norms that justify, sustain, and reproduce that organization. Before then, market work and family work were not sharply separated in space or time. By the turn of the nineteenth century this way of life was changing, as domesticity set up the system of men working in factories and offices, while women (in theory) stayed behind to rear the children and tend the “home sweet home.”
The American Street Gang
Authors: Klein Malcolm W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the Soviet Union collapsed, the White House announced with great fanfare that 100 FBI counterintelligence agents would be reassigned. Their new target: street gangs. Americans—filled with fear of crack-dealing gangs—cheered the decision, as did many big-city police departments. But this highly publicized move could be an experience in futility, suggests Malcolm Klein: for one thing, most street gangs have little to do with the drug trade. The American Street Gang provides the finest portrait of this subject ever produced—a detailed accounting, through statistics, interviews, and personal experience, of what street gangs are, how they have changed, their involvement in drug sales, and why we have not been able to stop them. Klein has been studying street gangs for more than thirty years, and he brings a sophisticated understanding of the problem to bear in this often surprising book. In contrast to the image of rigid organization and military-style leadership we see in the press, he writes, street gangs are usually loose bodies of associates, with informal and multiple leadership. Street gangs, he makes clear, are quite distinct from drug gangs—though they may share individual members. In a drug-selling operation tight discipline is required—the members are more like employees—whereas street gangs are held together by affiliation and common rivalries, with far less discipline. With statistics and revealing anecdotes, Klein offers a strong critique of the approach of many law enforcement agencies, which have demonized street gangs while ignoring the fact that they are the worst possible bodies for running disciplined criminal operations—let alone colonizing other cities. On the other hand, he shows that street gangs do spur criminal activity, and he demonstrates the shocking rise in gang homicides and the proliferation of gangs across America. Ironically, he writes, the liberal approach to gangs advocated by many (assigning a social worker to a gang, organizing non-violent gang activities) can actually increase group cohesion, which leads to still more criminal activity. And programs to erode that cohesion, Klein tells us from personal experience, can work—but they require intensive, exhausting effort. Street gangs are a real and growing problem in America—but the media and many law enforcement officials continue to dispense misleading ideas about what they are and what they do. In The American Street Gang, Malcolm Klein challenges these assumptions with startling new evidence that must be understood if we are to come to grips with this perceived crisis.
Integrating Suppliers into Fast-Cycle Product Development
Authors: Liker Jeffrey K , Kamath Rajan R , Wasti S Nazli , Nagamachi Mitsuo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Japanese companies are frequently cited as world-class models of effective manufacturer-supplier relationships (Clark & Fujimoto, 1991; Cusumano & Takeishi, 1991; Helper, 1991; Smitka, 1991; Womack, Jones, & Roos, 1990). The Japanese approach includes such features as a high percentage of outsourced (as opposed to internally produced) parts, long-term relationships with a small number of dedicated suppliers, and the early involvement of suppliers in the design process (Clark & Fujimoto, 1991). The close working relationship with outside suppliers in product development is cited as one way that Japanese auto manufacturers have reduced their product development time from approved concept to production to under three years, whereas U.S. auto companies usually take four or more years to develop new vehicles. An automobile consists of 10,000 to 20,000 separate parts, and in Japan about 70 percent of these parts are purchased from outside suppliers (Smitka, 1991). Therefore, any serious attempt to engage in concurrent engineering and reduce product-development time must provide a role for parts suppliers.
Claiming Power in Doctor–Patient Talk
Authors: Ainsworth-Vaughn Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nancy Ainsworth-Vaughn studied stories, topic control, "true" questions, and rhetorical questions in 101 medical encounters in US private-practice settings. In exceptionally lucid and accessible style, Ainsworth-Vaughn explains how power was claimed by and co-constructed for both patients and doctors (previous studies have focused upon doctors' power). The discourse varied along a continuum from interview-like talk to conversational talk. Six chapters are organized around data and include extended examples of actual talk in detailed transcription; four of these data-oriented chapters focus upon dynamic, moment-to-moment use of speech activities in emerging discourse, such as doctors' and patients' stories that co-constructed selves, and a patient's sexual rhetorical questions. Two more chapters offer non-statistical quantitative data on the frequency of questioning and sudden topic changes in relation to gender, diagnosis, and other factors. Contributing to discourse theory, Ainsworth-Vaughn significantly modifies previous definitions for topic transitions and rhetorical questions and discovers the role of storytelling in diagnosis. The final chapter provides implications for physicians and medical educators.
Free Public Reason
Authors: D’Agostino Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book examines the idea of public justification, stressing its importance but also questioning the coherence of the concept itself. D’Agostino shows that the concept is composed of various values, interests, and notions of the good, and that no ranking of these is possible. The notion of public justification is thus shown to be itself contestable. In showing this to be so, D’Agostino undermines many current political theories that rely on the concept of public justification, including those by Rawls, Waldron, and Nagel.
Peruvian Independence Day
Authors: Harvey Penelope 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Peruvian Independence is commemorated annually on 28th July. Throughout the nation, this date is marked as significant by official ceremonies, speeches, parades, and other public displays of “patriotic civic consciousness”. In many small Andean towns, these official ceremonies are followed by sporting events and in some places by a bullfight, which is billed as the highlight and grand finale of the celebrations.
Writing from Within
Authors: Lienhard Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before the European conquest, the autochthonous societies of the continent to the west of Europe carried out their basic semiotic practices within a communicative framework which-but only for the sake of contrast with those systems which privilege (even fetishise) writing-I shall call “oral”. The colonial and modern groups made up of their descendants (direct or indirect), despite having reproduced a similar system for their own internal purposes, not only interiorised the writing fetishism (cf. Platt, in this volume), but succeeded in mastering writing for the purpose of dialogue with the “other”.
Symbols and Organizations: From Barnard to the lnstitutionalists
Authors: Scott W Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An important benefit of receiving invitations to participate in events such as that being celebrated by the present volume is that it forces us to do what we should be doing as a matter of course: reread the classics. And Chester I. Barnard’s Functions of the Executive is a classic! I had forgotten how many of our current ideas concerning organizations stem from his early ingenuity; and I was surprised to find, tucked in among the more familiar arguments, neglected suggestions and unexpected insights.
The Politics of Structural Choice: Toward a Theory of Public Bureaucracy
Authors: Moe Terry M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Political scientists have long relied on organization theory as their foundation for understanding public bureaucracy. This approach makes good sense, but so far the payoffs have been rather limited. The surface problem is that organization theory, as the creature of sociologists, social psychologists, and, in more recent years, economists, has developed around explanatory concerns having little or nothing to do with government. The more fundamental problem is that political scientists have allowed this to happen by largely abandoning the field of organizations.
Games of Stance :Conflict and Footing in Hopscotch
Authors: Goodwin Marjorie Harness 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent work in the social sciences has reified stereotypes of gender differences in children; girls are reputedly more interested in cooperative interaction and a morality based on principles of relatedness, relationships, care, equity, flexibility, and responsibility, whereas boys are concerned with dominance and an ethic based on principles of objectivity, individual rights, and rule-governed justice. For ex ample, psychologists Miller, Danaher, and Forbes (1986:543) write that while boys are “more concerned with and more forceful in pursuing their own agendae ... girls are more concerned with maintaining interpersonal harmony.”
Multiple Codes, Multiple Identities: Puerto Rican Children in New York City
Authors: Zentella Ana Celia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Discussions of multicultural diversity often stress differences and similarities among groups at the expense of intragroup diversity. Latinos in the United States number 22 million and have roots in twenty nations. In New York City, where the children who are the subject of this chapter live, 50% of the city’s l. 7 million Latinos are Puerto Ricans, but Dominicans and Colombians have been growing at a faster pace over the last decade. There are also significant numbers of Cubans, Ecuadorians, Mexicans, Salvadorians, Hondurans, and Nicaraguans, each with distinct immigration, geographic, racial, and economic patterns. Latinos constituted 24% of the city’s population in 1990; that proportion is expected to reach 30% in the year 2000 with Latinos outnumbering African Americans and other minorities by the year 2010 (Bouvier & Briggs 1988).
Working through Language
Authors: Heath Shirley Brice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poetry speaks rarely of older children. In contrast to their younger counterparts, youth attract little attention except when adults express frustration when they fail to understand the differences they see between the child that was and the preteen or teen that now is. The older child’s gyrations between likes and dislikes, inaction and constant motion, noise and silence, silliness and wisdom strike adults as inex plicable. Overheard language and attempted conversations with youth leave adults at a loss as to how much of a mutual communication system they actually share with young people.
Health Prospects for Children Born to HIV-Infected Women
Authors: Hutton Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In making reproductive decisions, women may consider a number of different issues affecting many domains of their lives. A particularly poignant one for women with HIV infection is the potential for their children also to be HIV infected and what that might mean for their children’s well-being. This discus sion reviews what is currently known about the risks of mother-to-child transmis sion of HIV, the natural history of HIV disease in children, and the health interventions available to children infected with HIV.
As of June 1994, the CDC reports 5,734 cases of AIDS in children under the age of 13 years. Of the cases reported, 19% are white, 56% African-American, 24% Hispanic, and fewer than 1% were Asian/Pacific Islander or Native American. Eighty-nine percent of children with AIDS were born to women with, or at risk of, HIV infection, though almost all new cases of HIV infection in children are the result of mother-to-child transmission given that transfusion-associated trans mission virtually has been eliminated.HIV infection is currently the seventh leading cause of death for children aged 1–4 years.
The Bounded Career and the Demise of the Civil Society
Authors: Perrow Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the late nineteenth century to about 1973, U.S. organizations-public and private-steadily increased in size. Since 1973, selected evidence has shown that for-profit organizations have been decreasing in size; for example, the size of the top Fortune 500 has declined by about 8%. (I do not know of similar data on non profit and government organizations.) This decrease is small and predictions of the demise of the giant corporation are premature; indeed, the merger rate increased in the first half of the 1990s. Nevertheless, the downsizing of for-profit organizations has prompted attention to boundary less careers, as evidenced in this book. I welcome anything that increases one’s independence from large organizations (Perrow, 1992). I am also sure that for a small minority of the workforce, new technologies and structures make it possible for more people than ever before (in this century) to have a career that takes more of its gratification from exercising one’s skills and enjoying satisfaction from one’s output, rather than from wages and benefits.
Moving In, Up, or Out: Tournaments and Other Institutional Signals of Career Attainments
Authors: Rosenbaum James E , Miller Shazia Rafiullah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The company man, if not entirely extinct, is a rapidly dying species. As with many endangered species, his environment has changed and become inhospitable, and a new species, more adaptive to the changed environment, is taking his place. This person is known as the mobile worker, and the environment is the boundaryless career. Mobile workers identify themselves by the skills and positions they have achieved, not by their affiliation with a particular institution. Their careers are delineated not by the traditional constraints of an institution, but only by their ability to navigate the new boundaryless terrain. While the old company man moved up the company ladder, mobile workers move up any ladders onto which they can get a foot. They rise in their careers by hopping from firm to firm, with an eye toward ever-better positions, and the firms which employ them often benefit by gaining ambitious employees who bring new ideas, creativity, and the enthusiasm of new blood.
Cognitive Foundations of Grammar
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The main function of language is to convey meaning. Therefore, argues Bernd Heine in these pages, the question of why language is structured the way it is must first of all be answered with reference to this function. Linguistic explanations offered in terms of other exponents of language structure (for example, syntax) are likely to highlight peripheral or epiphenomenal—rather than central—characteristics of language structure. Heine provides a solid introductory treatment of the ways in which language structure (that is, grammar) and language usage can be explained with reference to the processes underlying human conceptualization and communication. Exploring and area of linguistics that has developed only recently and is rapidly expanding, Cognitive Foundations of Grammar will appeal to students of linguistics, psychology, and anthropology, especially those interested in grammaticalization processess.
Prefixed-verbs and Adjunct Identification
Authors: Sciullo Anna-Maria Di 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prefixes pose an interesting puzzle. In some cases, they seem to determine the category as well as the argument structure of the projections they are a part of, and in other cases they do not seem to have this effect. The question then arises of whether prefixes are heads or not, and if not, what kind of categories they are. Also puzzling is how to determine the licensing conditions they are subject to. Even though they are bound morphemes, they share properties with prepositions and adverbs, and the question arises of whether prefixes, prepositions, and adverbs are subject to the same conditions. Another piece of the puzzle to explain is why there is variation in prefixation among languages that do not exhibit major differences with respect to the distribution of prepositions and adverbs. A modular theory of grammar, along the lines of Chomsky (1993, 1994) and Di Sciullo (1990, 1993), provides a principled approach to this set of questions.
On the Syntax and Semantics of Local Anaphors in French and English
Authors: Pierre Pica , William Snyder 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Local anaphors in French and in English have a variety of lexical and morphological properties that are unexpected on conventional approaches to Binding theory. We propose an account in which these characteristics follow from the fact that reflexives are essentially pronominals. On our approach, Principle This the core of Binding theory, and the surprising properties of local anaphors derive from the need for local anaphors to escape Principle B. We argue that all local anaphors are bimorphemic (sometimes in contrast to surface appearances), and that this structure is related to a semantics of “partition,” by which local anaphors escape Principle B. In support of these views, we present a variety of facts that follow in a natural way from our syntactic and semantic proposals, but that to our knowledge have not previously been explained within the framework of generative grammar. Our theory is shown to have a modular character, with distinct roles attributed to Principle B, the morphological structure of local anaphors, and the broader architecture of human cognition.
Les Molles et les chausses: Mapping the Isle of Hermaphrodites in Premodern France
Authors: Conner Randy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Chest le langage Fracases, ‘” Pauline M. Smith writes of the French language as spoken and written in the sixteenth century in her introduction to Henri Estienne ‘s Deluxe dialogues du nouveau langageJranrois (1578), “with its mania for adverbs, extravagant metaphors, outrageous obscenities” (Estienne 1980: 23). In Philibert­ Joseph Le Roux ‘s Dictionnaire comique (1786), we find that to” ‘faire une fricassee ‘ signifie faire une melange de plusieurs choses ensemble,” that is, “it signifies ‘to create a mixture by blending several items together” ‘ (Le Roux 1786: v. I, 546). Late-twentieth-century writers, including Terence Cave in The Cornucopian Text: Problems of Writing in the French Renaissance (1979) and Giancarlo Maiorino in The Cornucupian Mind and the Baroque Unity of the Arts (1990), have, as one may decipher from their respective titles, described the sensibility that produced this “langage fricasse” as “cornucopian: ‘ To arrive at his conception of “cornucopian” language, Cave draws on the works of the philosopher Erasmus (1469-1536), who tells us, “Nature herself rejoices particularly in variety, for there is nothing anywhere in the immense multitude of things which she has left unpainted with the wonderful coat of variety ‘ ‘ (22), and on the image of Gargantua ‘s codpiece in Rabelais ‘s (1490-ca. 1553) satire Gargantua and Pantagruel. This giant ‘s codpiece, we learn, “took twenty-four and a quarter yards” of cloth and was “set with rich diamonds, precious rubies, rare turquoises, magnificent emeralds, and Persian pearls (Rabelais 1981: 55): ‘
Sappho, or the Importance of Culture in the Language of Love: Tribade, Lesbienne, Homosexuelle
Authors: Bonnet Marie-Jo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although we now recognize that love between women has always existed, the terms used to describe it have varied over the years. The word lesbienne gained its present meaning only in the second half of the nineteenth century, while homosexually was created at the end of the nineteenth century, appearing in a French dictionary for the first time in the 1904 supplement to the Nouveau Larousse illustre. Before this period, only one term was commonly used in French; this was tribade, a word of Greek origin, that was brought to France during the Renaissance by Latin writers and adopted into the French language in the middle of the sixteenth century.
‘Narrative Iconicity in Electronic- Mail Lesbian Coming-Out Stories
Authors: Wood Kathleen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because mainstream heterosexist society would have it that everyone be hetero­ sexual until proven otherwise, gay men and lesbians have, throughout the course of a lifetime, an infinite number of situations in which we must experience and reveal ourselves as “other! ‘ Although not every gay man or lesbian makes a conscious decision to “come out of the closet” and declare his or her homosexuality, those who do often recount these experiences in coming-out stories. Penelope and Wolfe (1989:10) explain that coming-out stories often describe a process of self­ recognition and acceptance that extends over years, even decades.
“Falling Short of God ‘s Ideal”: Public Discourse about Lesbians and Gays
Authors: Morrish Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since consenting homosexual acts between men, in private, were made legal in Great Britain in 1967, gay sex and the gay lifestyle have been brought further and further within the remit of the criminal and civil law. Discriminatory reforms and accompaJJ.ying public statements have been couched in a discourse that transmits and maintains homophobic attitudes. Lesbians and gays in Britain have not been slow to realize that public discourse, including the language of the law and pro­ nouncements by politicians, journalists, educators, chief constables, and leading churchmen, has a powerful ideological effect. I shall take as a starting point Gunther Kress ‘s (1988) definition of the effects of ideology as “imposing a prior and systematically organized set of values on nature and on the objects of other cultures-as though they too were nature” (69).