bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung and brain metastases – data from a tertiary care center
Authors: Popov Petar , Steindl Ariane , Wolff Ladislaia , Bergen Elisabeth S. , Eckert Franziska , Frischer Josa M , Widhalm Georg , Fuereder Thorsten , Raderer Markus , Berghoff Anna S. , Preusser Matthias , Kiesewetter Barbara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLarge cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is an aggressive malignancy, with brain metastases (BM) occurring in approximately 20% of cases. There are currently no therapy guidelines for this population as only few data on the management of LCNEC and BM have been published. For this retrospective single center study, patients with LCNEC and BM were identified from the Vienna Brain Metastasis Registry. Data on clinicopathological features, BM-specific characteristics, treatment, and outcome were extracted. In total, 52/6083 (0.09%) patients in the dataset had a diagnosis of LCNEC and radiologically verified BM. Median age at diagnosis of LCNEC and BM was 59.1 and 60.1 years, respectively. Twenty-seven (51.9%) presented with single BM, while 12 (23%) exhibited > 3 BM initially. Neurologic symptoms due to BM were present in n = 40 (76.9%), encompassing neurologic deficits (n = 24), increased intracranial pressure (n = 18), and seizures (n = 6). Initial treatment of BM was resection (n = 13), whole brain radiation therapy (n = 19), and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (n = 25). Median overall survival (mOS) from LCNEC diagnosis was 16 months, and mOS after BM diagnosis was 7 months. Patients with synchronous BM had reduced mOS from LCNEC diagnosis versus patients with metachronous BM (11 versus 27 months, p = 0.003). Median OS after BM diagnosis did not differ between LCNEC patients and a control group of small cell lung cancer patients with BM (7 versus 6 months, p = 0.17). Patients with LCNEC and BM have a poor prognosis, particularly when synchronous BM are present. Prospective trials are required to define optimal therapeutic algorithms.
The effectiveness of a virtual learning companion for supporting the critical judgment of social media content
Authors: Aprin Farbod , Peters Pascal , Hoppe H. Ulrich 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSocial media usage has become a daily habit for the younger generation. It can have positive effects on educational processes, but it also raises concerns about harmful content, such as fake news or hate speech. Fake news is often distributed with the intention to manipulate the public opinion by propagating disinformation. This includes the manipulation of images taken from reputable news resources. In response to these concerns and manipulations, we developed a web-based learning environment with a virtual learning companion (VLC). The VLC is designed to assist students in developing their critical thinking skills while interacting with social media content. The VLC is incorporated into a controlled learning environment that resembles Instagram and contains real and manipulated content. The “Courage” companion communicates with the students through chat dialogue and knowledge-activating questions. It also links additional images from web sources discovered through reverse image search based on image similarity. Learners are provided with various textual descriptions and keywords and are prompted to reflect on this information. The system’s effectiveness and assistance in identifying real or manipulated images have been evaluated in an empirical classroom study in August 2022 with 22 high school students in Germany that generated 95 conversations around five images and their texts assisted by the companion. Users’ interactions with the companion in a controlled Instagram-like social media environment have been recorded in xAPI format and then analyzed using a research dashboard. The results of this evaluation demonstrate that guidance through the VLC, along with the provision of additional content sources containing similar images and their explanation through the companion, improves the learners’ judgment. This corroborates the claim that the tool can help enhance learners’ critical thinking, resilience, and sensitivity facing social media issues.
Empowering first graders with computer-based training to master pre-reading skills and bridge the learning gap
Authors: Kiss Renáta , Szili Katalin , Csapó Benő , Molnár Gyöngyvér 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ability to read is fundamental in determining an individual’s academic success and social integration, and it is also known to have an impact on other cognitive abilities. A lack of foundational pre-reading skills can accumulate later, causing reading and learning problems. Early diagnosis and development of these skills are therefore essential. Although the importance of early reading development has always been stressed, recent years have drawn increasing attention to the need for targeted improvement. We have addressed this need by developing a computer-based training program in pre-reading skills for first graders; the present paper presents the results of an intervention using this program. Participants in the quasi-experimental study were 336 first graders. To increase the validity of the results, propensity score matching was utilized to analyze the impact of the pre-reading skills program. As a result of the program, students’ development in the intervention group significantly accelerated (Cohen’s d = .59). An immense effect of the intervention was indicated among students in the lower third skill group (Cohen’s d = 2.83).Latent-change analyses supported the relevance and importance of the development of phonological awareness at the ages of 6–8 and the generalizability of the results (χ2 = 14.9; df = 10; p < .05; CFI = .991; TLI = .989; RMSEA = .58 (CI: .000, .114). This research demonstrates that an effective computer-based program can effectively bridge the learning gap in pre-reading skills during early stages of education, even in challenging times without the direct involvement of a teacher.
Voting Sustains Intergenerational Cooperation, Even When the Tipping Point Threshold is Ambiguous
Authors: Balmford Ben , Marino Madeleine , Hauser Oliver P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSustaining future generations requires cooperation today. While individuals’ selfish interests threaten to undermine cooperation, social institutions can foster cooperation in intergenerational situations without ambiguity. However, in numerous settings, from climate change to the biodiversity crisis, there exists considerable ambiguity in the degree of cooperation required. Such ambiguity limits the extent to which people typically cooperate. We present the results of an intergenerational public goods game, which show that a democratic institution can promote cooperation, even in the face of ambiguity. While ambiguity in previous work has proved a challenge to cooperation (although we find sometimes only small and non-significant effects of ambiguity), voting is consistently able to maintain sustainable group-level outcomes in our study. Additional analyses demonstrate that this form of democracy has an effect over and above the impact on beliefs alone and over and above the structural effects of the voting institution. Our results provide evidence that social institutions, such as democracy, can buffer against selfishness and sustain cooperation to provide time-delayed benefits to the future.
Grasping Virtual Objects Benefits Lower Aptitude Learners’ Acquisition of Foreign Language Vocabulary
Authors: Macedonia Manuela , Mathias Brian , Lehner Astrid E. , Reiterer Susanne M. , Repetto Claudia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTheories of embodied cognition describe language acquisition and representation as dependent on sensorimotor experiences that are collected during learning. Whereas native language words are typically acquired through sensorimotor experiences, foreign language (L2) words are often learned by reading, listening or repeating bilingual word lists. Recently, grasping referent objects has been demonstrated to serve as a useful sensorimotor strategy for L2 vocabulary learning. The effects of grasping virtual objects, however, remain unknown. In a virtual reality cave, we trained adult participants (N = 46) having low language aptitude and high language aptitude on novel L2 words under three conditions. In an audiovisual (baseline) condition, participants were presented with written and spoken L2 words. In an audiovisual observation condition, participants additionally saw virtual visual objects that corresponded to the meanings of L2 words. In an audiovisual, an observation, and a grasping condition, participants were asked to grasp the virtual objects. Participants’ word learning was assessed in free and cued recall tests administered immediately after training. Relative to baseline learning, simply viewing virtual objects during learning benefitted both groups. As expected, grasping virtual objects was found to benefit vocabulary retention in low language aptitude learners. Interestingly, this benefit was not observed in high language aptitude learners. Language learning aptitude scores correlated with vocabulary learning outcomes in both audiovisual learning conditions, but not in the sensorimotor condition, suggesting that grasping altered the typical relationship between aptitude and language learning performance. The findings are interpreted in terms of differences in the extent to which procedural and declarative memory systems are accessed in low language aptitude and high language aptitude learners during sensorimotor-based vocabulary learning. Additionally, the results suggest that simulated interactions without tangible feedback can benefit learning. This outcome expands our understanding of how physical experience extends cognition and paves the way for the application of sensorimotor enrichment strategies to virtual environments.
Wild strawberry Fragaria vesca as potential source for phytonematode resistance
Authors: Ruthes Andrea Caroline , Dahlin Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhytonematode infections are a major constraint to agriculture and can cause pre-harvest losses of up to one-third of the crop in affected fields. With increasing restrictions on the use of chemical pesticides due to environmental and human hazards, and increasing nematode pressure due to climate change, soil degradation and agricultural intensification, more sustainable ways to manage such plant pests are needed to meet the growing demand for food. Therefore, the reproduction of thermophilic Meloidogyne spp. was evaluated in comparison with that of the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla on the wild strawberry Fragaria vesca vs. semperflorens cv. Alexandria, a potential source of resistance to nematode infection. M. hapla showed a high reproductive rate in F. vesca, while the thermophilic Meloidogyne species tested showed significant lower reproductive rates. This suggests that F. vesca vs. semperflorens cv. Alexandria, although not resistant to the nematode species tested, could be used in a management system to down-regulate nematode pressure. In addition, this study helps to reinforce the importance of crop wild relatives in the search for resistance traits to support a more sustainable agriculture.
Speed traps: algorithmic trader performance under alternative market balances and structures
Authors: Peng Yan , Shachat Jason , Wei Lijia , Zhang S. Sarah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing double auction market experiments with both human and agent traders, we demonstrate that agent traders prioritising low latency often generate, sometimes perversely so, diminished earnings in a variety of market structures and configurations. With respect to the benefit of low latency, we only find superior performance of fast-Zero Intelligence Plus (ZIP) buyers to human buyers in balanced markets with the same number of human and fast-ZIP buyers and sellers. However, in markets with a preponderance of agents on one side of the market and a noncompetitive market structure, such as monopolies and duopolies, fast-ZIP agents fall into a speed trap. In such speed traps, fast-ZIP agents capture minimal surplus and, in some cases, experience near first-degree price discrimination. In contrast, the trader performance of slow-ZIP agents is comparable to that of human counterparts, or even better in certain market conditions.
Indigenous American Fishing Traditions at the First Spanish Capital of La Florida: Santa Elena (1566–1587 CE), South Carolina, USA
Authors: Reitz Elizabeth J. , DePratter Chester 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFew studies of post-Columbian animal economies in the Americas elaborate on the influence of traditional Indigenous knowledge on colonial economies. A vertebrate collection from Santa Elena (1566–87 CE, South Carolina, USA), the original Spanish capital of La Florida, offers the opportunity to examine that influence at the first European-sponsored capital north of Mexico. Santa Elena’s animal economy was the product of dynamic interactions among multiple actors, merging preexisting traditional Indigenous practices, particularly traditional fishing practices, with Eurasian animal husbandry to produce a new cultural form. A suite of wild vertebrates long used by Indigenous Americans living on the southeastern North Atlantic coast contributes 87% of Santa Elena’s noncommensal individuals and 63% of the noncommensal biomass. Examples of this strategy are found in vertebrate collections from subsequent Spanish and British settlements. This suggests the extent to which colonists at the Spanish-sponsored colony adopted some Indigenous animal-use practices, especially those related to fishing, and the speed with which this occurred. The new cultural form persisted into the nineteenth century and continues to characterize local cuisines.
Open-ComBind: harnessing unlabeled data for improved binding pose prediction
Authors: McNutt Andrew T. , Koes David Ryan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDetermination of the bound pose of a ligand is a critical first step in many in silico drug discovery tasks. Molecular docking is the main tool for the prediction of non-covalent binding of a protein and ligand system. Molecular docking pipelines often only utilize the information of one ligand binding to the protein despite the commonly held hypothesis that different ligands share binding interactions when bound to the same receptor. Here we describe Open-ComBind, an easy-to-use, open-source version of the ComBind molecular docking pipeline that leverages information from multiple ligands without known bound structures to enhance pose selection. We first create distributions of feature similarities between ligand pose pairs, comparing near-native poses with all sampled docked poses. These distributions capture the likelihood of observing similar features, such as hydrogen bonds or hydrophobic contacts, in different pose configurations. These similarity distributions are then combined with a per-ligand docking score to enhance overall pose selection by 5% and 4.5% for high-affinity and congeneric series helper ligands, respectively. Open-ComBind reduces the average RMSD of ligands in our benchmark dataset by 9.0%. We provide Open-ComBind as an easy-to-use command line and Python API to increase pose prediction performance at www.github.com/drewnutt/open_combind.
Estimating appropriate mowing timing for the population of an endangered butterfly inhabiting grassland patches in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Deto HIdenori , Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It has been recognized that the timing of disturbance, in addition to its intensity and frequency, is important for the population dynamics of organisms because the impact of the disturbance depends on the life history stage at which it occurs (i.e., egg, larva, or adult). However, the effects of disturbance timing on consumer population dynamics have not been explored. This study simultaneously estimated the effects of mowing frequency and timing on the subpopulation dynamics of the endangered grassland butterfly, Plebejus argyrognomon. A two-year investigation of a metapopulation of P. argyrognomon consisting of approximately 150 habitat patches revealed that subpopulation size decreased with increasing mowing frequency, in addition to the positive effect of patch area and habitat connectivity. With the mowing frequency fixed at once per year, subpopulation size maximized when mowing occurred during the adult period in the previous generation, presumably due to reduced impact in the high-mobility adult stage. By mowing during this period, subpopulation size was maintained at several times higher than mowing during the larval period. It is suggested that disturbance timing should be incorporated into the conservation of metapopulations in human-managed landscapes.

Implications for insect conservation
Reducing mowing frequency is important for the conservation of P. argyrognomon. In addition, mowing during the adult stage is best suited for maintaining subpopulations.
Deformation by design: data-driven approach to predict and modify deformation in thin Ti-6Al-4V sheets using laser peen forming
Authors: Sala Siva Teja , Bock Frederic E. , Pöltl Dominik , Klusemann Benjamin , Huber Norbert , Kashaev Nikolai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The precise bending of sheet metal structures is crucial in various industrial and scientific applications, whether to modify deformation in an existing component or to achieve specific shapes. Laser peen forming (LPF) is proven as an innovative forming process for sheet metal applications. LPF involves inducing mechanical shock waves into a specimen that deforms the affected region to a certain desired curvature. The degree of deformation induced after LPF depends on numerous experimental factors such as laser energy, the number of peening sequences, and the thickness of the specimen. Consequently, comprehending the complex dependencies and selecting the appropriate set of LPF process parameters for application as a forming or correction process is crucial. The main objective of the present work is the development of a data-driven approach to predict the deformation obtained from LPF for various process parameters. Artificial neural network (ANN) was trained, validated, and tested based on experimental data. The deformation obtained from LPF is successfully predicted by the trained ANN. A novel process planning approach is developed to demonstrate the usability of ANN predictions to obtain the desired deformation in a treated region. The successful application of this approach is demonstrated on three benchmark cases for thin Ti-6Al-4V sheets, such as deformation in one direction, bi-directional deformation, and modification of an existing deformation in pre-bent specimens via LPF.

Graphical abstract
Pressure-adjusted venting eliminates start-up delays and compensates for vertical position of syringe infusion pumps used for microinfusion
Authors: Weiss Markus , Wendel-Garcia Pedro David , Cannizzaro Vincenzo , Grass Beate , Buehler Philipp Karl , Kleine-Brueggeney Maren 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicroinfusions are commonly used for the administration of catecholamines, but start-up delays pose a problem for reliable and timely drug delivery. Recent findings show that venting of the syringe infusion pump with draining of fluid to ambient pressure before directing the flow towards the central venous catheter does not counteract start-up delays. With the aim to reduce start-up delays, this study compared fluid delivery during start-up of syringe infusion pumps without venting, with ambient pressure venting, and with central venous pressure (CVP)-adjusted venting. Start-up fluid delivery from syringe pumps using a microinfusion of 1 mL/h was assessed by means of liquid flow measurement at 10, 60, 180 and 360 s after opening the stopcock and starting the pump. Assessments were performed using no venting, ambient pressure venting or CVP-adjusted venting, with the pump placed either at zero, − 43 cm or + 43 cm level and exposed to a simulated CVP of 10 mmHg. Measured fluid delivery was closest to the calculated fluid delivery for CVP-adjusted venting (87% to 100% at the different timepoints). The largest deviations were found for ambient pressure venting (− 1151% to + 82%). At 360 s after start-up 72% to 92% of expected fluid volumes were delivered without venting, 46% to 82% with ambient pressure venting and 96% to 99% with CVP-adjusted venting. CVP-adjusted venting demonstrated consistent results across vertical pump placements (p = 0.485), whereas the other methods had significant variances (p < 0.001 for both). In conclusion, CVP-adjusted venting effectively eliminates imprecise drug delivery and start-up delays when using microinfusions.
Investigating Cannabis-Use Among Students Attending High Schools Within the Cherokee Nation Reservation 2017 and 2019
Authors: Campbell Janis E. , Chen Sixia , Bailey Anna , Blair Andrea , Comiford Ashley L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOklahoma’s medical cannabis is some of the least restrictive in the US. Previous research suggests that American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) have higher rates of cannabis use than other racial or ethnic groups. The goals of this paper are, first, to look at cannabis use among high school students living on the Cherokee Nation Reservation before (2017) and after (2019) medical cannabis because legal in Oklahoma (2018) utilizing the Cherokee Nation Youth Risk Behavior Survey (CNYRBS). Second, to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of youth using cannabis in the Cherokee Nation Reservation. Data were retrieved from the 2017 and 2019 CNYRBS. The data for this study included 1,216 high school students who completed the 2017 and 1,476 who completed the 2019 CNYRBS. After removal of incomplete records, there were 2,602 students whose data was analyzed in this study. Data were weighted to be representative of public-school students attending grades 9–12 within Cherokee Nation Reservation. Despite the legalization of medical cannabis in Oklahoma in 2018, there was no change in cannabis use among youth between 2017 and 2019. There were variations in cannabis use based on demographic factors and other substance uses. AIAN individuals had higher odds of current cannabis use compared to non-Hispanic White students, but there were no differences based on ethnicity. Additionally, the use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal drugs were associated with increased odds of cannabis use among both current and former users compared to those who had never used it. There was no spike in use among youth at least immediately after the legalization of cannabis in the Cherokee Nation Reservation. There were socio-demographic as well as substance use disparities in the use of cannabis.
An Application of Mechanics to Chemistry: the Dynamic Behaviour of Coupled Chemical Reactions Compared to that of the Two-Body Oscillator
Authors: Secco Fernando , Biver Tarita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe dynamic behaviour of a chemical system made of two coupled reactions is compared with that of a mechanical system consisting of two oscillating bodies connected by springs. First, the principle of energy departure from equilibrium is employed to derive the motion equations of both systems. Subsequently, the relevant characteristic frequencies and the amplitude parameters are obtained and analysed in terms of “Normal Modes”. The results show that systems belonging to different branches of science can be analysed using the same methodologies. To elucidate the application of Normal Modes to chemistry, the dynamic analysis of a system consisting of a proton transfer reaction coupled to a complex formation reaction is described in the Supporting Information: the procedure enables the evaluation of rate constants, equilibrium constants and reaction enthalpies of a reacting chemical system made of two coupled reactions. The method is then extended to a cycle of three reactions.