bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sets of integrating plasmids and gene disruption cassettes containing improved counter‐selection markers designed for repeated use in budding yeast
Authors: Akada Rinji , Hirosawa Isao , Kawahata Miho , Hoshida Hisashi , Nishizawa Yoshinori 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCounter‐selection is a useful gene manipulation technique for repeated gene disruptions, gene shufflings and gene replacements in yeasts. We developed a novel counter‐selection system using a galactose‐inducible growth inhibitory sequence (Kawahata et al.1999. Yeast 15: 1–10). This counter‐selection marker, named GAL10p–GIN11, has several advantages over previous counter‐selection markers, i.e. use of an inexpensive galactose medium for counter‐selection, combined use with any transformation markers for gene introduction, and no requirement of specific mutations in the host strains. The GIN11 sequence, which is a part of an X‐element of the subtelomeric regions, contained a conserved autonomously replicating sequence, causing the possibility of inefficient chromosomal integration. We isolated GIN11 mutants that lost the replication activity but retained the growth‐inhibitory effect when overexpressed. A mutant GIN11M86 sequence was selected and fused to the CUP1 promoter for the counter‐selection on a copper‐containing medium. The GALp–GIN11M86 and the CUPp–GIN11M86 were used for constructing sets of integrating plasmids containing auxotrophic markers involving HIS3, TRP1, LEU2, URA3 or ADE2, or a drug‐resistant marker PGKp–YAP1. In addition, a set of gene disruption cassettes that contained each of the auxotrophic markers and the GALp–GIN11M86, which were flanked by direct repeats of a hisG sequence, were constructed. The counter‐selectable integrating plasmids and the gene disruption cassettes can allow the markers to be used repeatedly for yeast gene manipulations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional characterization of the Candida albicans homologue of secretion‐associated and Ras‐related (Sar1) protein
Authors: Jiang Linghuo , Lee Chang‐Muk , Shen Shi‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSecretion‐associated and Ras‐related protein (Sar1p) plays an essential role during the protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. The cDNA sequence of the Sar1 gene has been identified and characterized from the human yeast pathogen, Candida albicans. This cDNA encodes a protein of 190 amino acids, which shares a 78% sequence identity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sar1p and contains the conserved GTP‐binding motifs of the small GTPase superfamily. Complementation studies confirmed that this cDNA encodes the functional homologue of ScSar1p. The recombinant C. albicans Sar1p exhibits GTP‐binding activity in vitro that was abolished by deletion of one of the three GTP‐binding motifs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic analysis of sporulation phenotypes in 624 non‐lethal homozygous deletion strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Briza Peter , Bogengruber Edith , Thür Albert , Rützler Michael , Münsterkötter Martin , Dawes Ian W. , Breitenbach Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new high throughput mutant screening procedure for the detection of sporulation mutants was developed and used to analyse a set of 624 non‐lethal homozygous deletion mutants created in the European joint research program EUROFAN. The screening procedure involved determination of LL‐ and DL‐dityrosine, sporulation‐specific compounds, which were shown to be robust markers of the extent and arrest stage of sporulation mutants. Secondary screens consisted of light microscopy to detect mature and immature spores and DAPI staining to monitor the progress of meiotic nuclear divisions. We discovered new phenotypic classes of mutants defective in spore wall synthesis that were not discovered by previous screens for sporulation mutants. The genes corresponding to the sporulation mutants fell in several functional classes, some of which were previously unknown to be involved in spore formation. Peroxisomes seem to play a role in spore wall synthesis. Mitochondria play a role in sporulation that is not simply restricted to supply of ATP from respiratory metabolism. The deletion mutants included in the set were functionally unknown at the start of EUROFAN; however, within the last few years the importance to sporulation of some of them was also reported by other authors. Taken together, about 8% of all single gene deletion mutants of non‐essential genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae seem to display a clear and reproducible sporulation phenotype. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces mellis exhibit different hyperosmotic shock responses
Authors: Vindeløv Jannik , Arneborg Nils 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effect of hyperosmotic shock on cell volume, vacuole volume, and intracellular pH (pHi) of individual cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces mellis was investigated. After transfer from a high water activity (aw) medium to low aw media, the growth latency periods of Z. mellis were shorter than those of S. cerevisiae. These results demonstrate that Z. mellis manages hyperosmotic shock better than S. cerevisiae. As a response to acute hyperosmotic shock, i.e. the first minute of perfusion with hypertonic buffers, the vacuoles shrank and the pHi decreased in both yeasts. Furthermore, in the presence of glucose, vacuole shrinkage and intracellular acidification were more pronounced in S. cerevisiae than in Z. mellis. These results may be explained by the fact that the S. cerevisiae cells shrank more than the Z. mellis cells as a response to acute hyperosmotic shock. In the presence of glucose, the vacuoles and the cells of both S. cerevisiae and Z. mellis shrank simultaneously and in proportion to a minimum level during acute hyperosmotic shock, and remained constant at this level throughout the experiment (11 min). These results indicate that vacuoles do not act as water reserves in yeasts after acute hyperosmotic shock. Finally, Z. mellis was able to maintain its pHi near normal physiological levels after acute hyperosmotic shock, whereas S. cerevisiae was not. These results suggest that pHi regulation may be important for the ability of yeasts to manage hyperosmotic shock. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological symptoms and drug use severity among Israeli adolescents presenting for outpatient drug abuse treatment
Authors: Diamond Gary M. , Izzard Miriam C. , Kedar Tami , Hutlzer Anat , Mell Haim 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the rates of externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and the relation between psychological symptoms and drug use severity, among 117 Israeli adolescents presenting for outpatient drug abuse treatment. Psychological symptoms were assessed via both adolescent self‐report and parent report. Drug use was assessed using both adolescent self‐report and urinalysis. Results showed that 58% of the sample evidenced clinical levels of psychological symptoms, with girls evidencing higher rates of externalizing and mixed symptomatology than boys. Parents’ report of adolescents’ internalizing symptoms predicted severity of drug use. These findings suggest that treatment for this population should be multidimensional, and address not only drug use per se, but also psychological risk factors.
Developing and validating a stress appraisal measure for minority adolescents
Authors: Rowley Anthony A. , Roesch Scott C. , Jurica Bradford J. , Vaughn Allison A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAlthough there are a number of measures designed to assess the cognitive appraisal of stress in adult populations, currently there are no measures that are specifically designed to assess this important construct in adolescents. To overcome this limitation, the factorial validity and dimensionality of a dispositional measure of stress appraisal was examined in the current study. Using a multiethnic adolescent sample, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a three‐factor representation of appraisal. The three factors included two primary appraisal dimensions (Threat and Challenge) and one secondary appraisal dimension (Resources). This three‐factor model, however, is inconsistent with four‐ and six‐factor models found previously in adult samples. Thus, these findings suggest that the cognitive appraisals made by adolescents are less complex or differentiated than those of adults. Moreover, these findings suggest thatdispositionalmeasures are relevant for adolescent samples and should be incorporated into stress and coping paradigms.
Variability of ribosomal RNA genes in Rauwolfia species: parallelism between tissue culture‐induced rearrangements and interspecies polymorphism
Authors: Andreev I.O. , Spiridonova K.V. , Solovyan V.T. , Kunakh V.A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn analysis of 18S–25S and 5S rRNA genes in intact plants and cultured tissues of some Rauwolfia species was performed to compare these sequences variability occurred as a result of the species evolution in nature and that induced by tissue culture. The restriction fragment length polymorphism of 18S–25S and 5S rDNA was found both in intact plants of various Rauwolfia species and in long‐term Rauwolfia serpentina tissue cultures. In addition, changes in the amount of 18S–25S rRNA genes were observed in long‐term R. serpentina tissue cultures. The results demonstrate that rDNA variability observed in intact plants as well as in long‐term cultures is attributed to differences in the same regions of ribosomal RNA genes.
Opioid switch in palliative care, opioid choice by clinical need and opioid availability
Authors: Müller‐Busch H.C. , Lindena G. , Tietze K. , Woskanjan S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAvailability of different WHO‐step 3 opioids has encouraged the discussion on their value and led to the concepts of opioid rotation. Rotation is suggested, when other measures fail to achieve optimal analgesia and tolerability in cancer pain treatment. Opioid use was assessed in a prospective cohort study of 412 palliative care patients from 14 inpatient and outpatient palliative care facilities in Germany. The most frequently used opioids at baseline were morphine and fentanyl. The most frequent changes in medication (N = 106) occurred from oral to parenteral morphine. Only in 49 cases true switches to other long acting opioids were recorded. This is far less than expected from other reports. True switches and adverse side effects were found to occur more frequently in inpatients, while efficacy problems were more frequently recorded in outpatients. There was no correlation between the opoid used at baseline and switch frequency, but numbers of cases receiving other opioids than fentanyl or morphine were low.Reasons for and frequencies of changes in medication were found to be largely shaped by the setting reflecting patients' needs and clinical necessities. Recommendation of first line therapy and availability of opioid formulations define the frequency of opioid use. This impedes evaluation of specific differences between the opioids.
Intracerebral pain processing in a Yoga Master who claims not to feel pain during meditation
Authors: Kakigi Ryusuke , Nakata Hiroki , Inui Koji , Hiroe Nobuo , Nagata Osamu , Honda Manabu , Tanaka Satoshi , Sadato Norihiro , Kawakami Mitsumasa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) following noxious laser stimulation in a Yoga Master who claims not to feel pain when meditating. As for background MEG activity, the power of alpha frequency bands peaking at around 10 Hz was much increased during meditation over occipital, parietal and temporal regions, when compared with the non‐meditative state, which might mean the subject was very relaxed, though he did not fall asleep, during meditation. Primary pain‐related cortical activities recorded from primary (SI) and secondary somatosensory cortices (SII) by MEG were very weak or absent during meditation. As for fMRI recording, there were remarkable changes in levels of activity in the thalamus, SII‐insula (mainly the insula) and cingulate cortex between meditation and non‐meditation. Activities in all three regions were increased during non‐meditation, similar to results in normal subjects. In contrast, activities in all three regions were weaker during meditation, and the level was lower than the baseline in the thalamus. Recent neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies have clarified that the emotional aspect of pain perception mainly involves the insula and cingulate cortex. Though we cannot clearly explain this unusual condition in the Yoga Master, a change of multiple regions relating to pain perception could be responsible, since pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience.
Are migraineurs hypersensitive? A test of the stimulus processing disorder hypothesis
Authors: Kröner‐Herwig Birgit , Ruhmland Martina , Zintel Wolfgang , Siniatchkin Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe concept of hypersensitivity in migraineurs was advanced mainly on the basis of studies on information processing in which increased amplitudes and reduced habituation in cortical evoked and event related potentials were found in migraine sufferers.The present investigation examined whether migraineurs exhibit hypersensitivity within three different experimental paradigms and various non electrocortical response parameters. Samples of 24 migraine, 19 tension‐type headache sufferers, and 24 normal controls were compared regarding their subjective estimation of intensity and discomfort due to visual and acoustical stimuli. Subjects also participated in an experiment using the eyeblink startle response paradigm. In a last experimental task the Stroop test was applied. The trait variables emotionality, arousal, and extraversion were also measured.None of the experimental tasks revealed the predicted hypersensitivity of migraineurs in relation to the control samples. The series of experiments was conducted a second time with half of the participants in order to replicate the findings. The conclusions remained the same.The results of earlier studies on cortical processing can not be interpreted as demonstrating general hypersensitivity in the sense of a dispositional trait in migraine afflicted individuals irrespective of the involved response system.
Long-term follow-up after severe suicide attempt by multiple blunt trauma
Authors: Pajonk Frank-Gerald , Ruchholtz Steffen , Waydhas Christian , Schneider-Axmann Thomas 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundAfter parasuicide there is a high risk of reattempts. However, it seems that patients who survived severe suicidal trauma recover well. Therefore, the outcome of patients with severe multiple blunt trauma as a result of a suicide attempt was investigated with respect to psychiatric and somatic health, quality of life (QOL) and suicide reattempt rates.MethodsPatients who underwent a suicide attempt were isolated from a prospectively collected sample of trauma patients from a level I University Trauma Centre. Follow-up examination was performed 6.1 ± 3 years after the trauma. A physical and psychiatric examination was performed, using established psychiatric scales.ResultsTwelve percent of severely injured patients were identified as suicide attempters (male/female: 37/28, mean age 38 ± 18 years, mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) 40 ± 15 points). A psychiatric diagnosis was present in 90% at the time of the suicide attempt. Twenty-one patients died during the hospital stay (32%) and six subjects died thereafter, none due to suicide. Thirty-five individuals were eligible for examination. None of them had reattempted suicide. Seventeen (48%) had good outcomes reflected by absent or ambulatory psychiatric treatment, employment, normal psychiatric findings and good psychosocial ability. An indeterminate outcome was determined in 24%. Predictive variables for an adverse outcome (10 patients, 28%) were found to be a diagnosis of schizophrenia, continued psychiatric treatment and being without employment.ConclusionsDespite the seriousness of the suicide attempt, survivors recovered well in about half the cases with no further suicide attempt in any patient. An early psychiatric consultation already on the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is recommended.
Global gene expression profile of Yersinia pestis induced by streptomycin
Authors: Qiu Jingfu , Zhou Dongsheng , Han Yanping , Zhang Ling , Tong Zongzhong , Song Yajun , Dai Erhei , Li Bei , Wang Jin , Guo Zhaobiao , Zhai Junhui , Du Zongmin , Wang Xiaoyi , Yang Ruifu 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Plague, caused by Y ersinia pestis, is one of the most dangerous diseases that impressed a horror onto human consciousness that persists to this day. Cases of plague can be normally controlled by timely antibiotic administration. Streptomycin is the first-line antibiotic for plague treatment. In this study, a DNA microarray was used to investigate the changes in the gene expression profile of Y. pestis upon exposure to streptomycin. A total of 345 genes were identified to be differentially regulated, 144 of which were up-regulated, and 201 down-regulated. Streptomycin-induced transcriptional changes occurred in genes responsible for heat shock response, drug/analogue sensitivity, biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids, chemotaxis and mobility and broad regulatory functions. A wide set of genes involved in energy metabolism, biosynthesis of small macromolecules, synthesis and modification of macromoclecules and degradation of small and macro molecules were among those down-regulated. The results reveal general changes in gene expression that are consistent with known mechanisms of action of streptomycin and many new genes that are likely to play important roles in the response to streptomycin treatment, providing useful candidates for investigating the specific mechanisms of streptomycin action.
Cerebellar granule cell and Bergmann glial cell maturation in the rat is disrupted by pre‐ and post‐natal exposure to moderate levels of ethanol
Authors: González‐Burgos I. , Alejandre‐Gómez M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMigration of the external granular layer cells in the cerebellum of rats was delayed after exposure to moderate levels of ethanol during a pre‐gestational period, through gestation and lactation until weaning. After ethanol withdrawal, cell soma and dendrites were observed to be larger in granule cells. Likewise, Bergmann glia showed several cytoarchitectonic features suggesting cell immaturity, as well as some apparent compensatory plastic responses after ethanol withdrawal. These effects may be due to ethanol impairing neurotrophin‐mediated processes during cerebellar development that could lead to alterations in Purkinje cell structure and activity, and thereafter in the psychoneural functions in which the cerebellar cortex is involved.
The vulnerability of striatal projection neurons and interneurons to excitotoxicity is differentially regulated by dopamine during development
Authors: Pezzi Susana , Checa Nuria , Alberch Jordi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe maturation of striatal projection neurons and interneurons is influenced by the development and integrity of their connectivity. In the present work, we have analyzed the modulation of striatum vulnerability to quinolinate (QUIN)‐induced excitotoxicity in different neuronal populations by the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway during postnatal development. A single striatal lesion with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) at the second postnatal day (P) 2 or QUIN at P7 induced a reduction in the striatal volume at P30, whereas an additive effect was observed when these two lesions were performed in the same animal. The analysis of different striatal neuronal populations showed that the excitotoxic lesion induced by QUIN over projection neurons stained with calbindin was partially reverted by the previous injection of 6‐OHDA at P2. However, cholinergic interneurons were affected neither by the lack of dopamine innervation nor by QUIN treatment. This neuronal population also remained intact after the double lesion. In contrast, the number of other type of striatal interneurons, parvalbumin‐positive neurons, were reduced by the dopaminergic ablation and also by the QUIN‐induced excitotoxicity and this effect was additive after the double lesion when it was measured at P30. On the other hand, we studied the effect on the striatal outputs measuring the density of substance P‐positive fibers in the substantia nigra and enkephalin‐positive fibers in the globus pallidus. A reduction in substance P‐positive fibers was observed in 6‐OHDA injected animals, while the density of enkephalin‐positive fibers was only decreased after QUIN treatment. The double lesion did not modify the effects of the single lesions. In conclusion, our results show that dopamine modulates the vulnerability to excitotoxicity during striatal postnatal development, and this effect is specific for projection neurons. Furthermore, striatonigral and striatopallidal pathways are differentially regulated by the activation of dopamine or glutamate receptors.
Low‐dose secnidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Núñez J.T. , Gómez G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether bacterial vaginosis could be cured with a single 1‐g oral dose of secnidazole.Material and methodsA total of 80 women were recruited at the outpatient gynecologic clinic of Manuel Noriega Hospital, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Diagnosis and patient enrollment were based on the Amsel criteria. The participants were randomized to 2 groups. In group 1 (n=44) participants received a single 1‐g oral dose and in group 2 (n=32) participants received a single 2‐g oral dose of secnidazole. Clinical cure was defined as the absence of the characteristic symptoms (a bad odor and a grossly abnormal discharge) and at least 2 of the following: vaginal pH less than 4.5, no fish odor on addition of KOH, and no Gardnerella vaginalis or clue cells on wet‐mount examination. Cytologic cure was defined as an absence of G. vaginalis on a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear.ResultsClinical cure was experienced by 95.5% of the women who received the 1‐g oral dose and by 97.4% of the women who received the 2‐g oral dose of secnidazole. There was no significant difference between the groups in the clinical resolution of bacterial vaginosis. Following treatment, results were negative for G. vaginalis in 94.7% of the women. In group 1, 41 women (93.2%), and in group 2, 31 women (96.9%) had cytologic cure. The Pap smear revealed G. vaginalis in 3 of the women in group 1 and 1 of the women in group 2 (P=0.47). Twenty‐seven women (35.5%) reported mild side effects. More women had adverse effects in group 1 (n=16) than in group 2 (n=11) but this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionThis clinical study showed that a single 1‐g oral dose of secnidazole is effective to cure bacterial vaginosis associated with G. vaginalis.