bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast gas‐phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange observed for a DNA G‐quadruplex
Authors: Gabelica Valérie , Rosu Frederic , Witt Matthias , Baykut Gökhan , De Pauw Edwin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe gas‐phase hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange kinetics of DNA G‐quadruplexes has been investigated using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS). The quadruplex [(TGGGGT)4 · 3NH] undergoes very fast H/D exchange, in both the positive and in the negative ion modes, compared to DNA duplexes and other quadruplexes tested, and compared to the corresponding single‐stranded TGGGGT. Substitution of NH for K+ did not alter this fast H/D exchange, indicating that the hydrogens of the ammonium ions are not those exchanged. However, stripping of the interior cations of the quadruplex by source collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in the positive ion mode showed that the presence of the inner cations is essential for the fast exchange to be possible. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the G‐quadruplex is very rigid in the gas phase with NH ions inside the tetrads. We suggest that the fast H/D exchange is favored by this rigid quadruplex conformation. This example illustrates that the concept that compact DNA structures exchange H for D slower than unfolded ones is a misconception. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing aspects of psychiatric inpatient treatment
Authors: Rittmannsberger Hans , Sartorius Norman , Brad Mihaela , Burtea Victoria , Capraru Nora , Cernak Pavel , Dernovçek Mojca , Dobrin Ionescu , Frater Rosa , Hasto Jozef , Hategan Mieta , Haushofer Manfred , Kafka J. , Kasper Siegfried , Macrea Rodica , Nabelek Ludvik , Nawka Peter , Novotny Vladimir , Platz Thomas , Pojar Adela , Silberbauer Christoph , Fekete Sandor , Wancata Johannes , Windhager Elmar , Zapotoczky Hans-Georg , Zöchling Robert 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper presents data obtained in a one-day census investigation in five European countries (Austria, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia). The census forms were filled in for 4191 psychiatric inpatients. Concerning legal status, 11.2% were hospitalised against their will (committed) and 21.4% were treated in a ward with locked doors. There was only a small correlation between commitment and treatment in a locked ward. More frequent than treatment of committed patients in locked wards was treatment of committed patients in open wards (Austria, Hungary) and treatment of voluntary patients in closed wards (Slovakia, Slovenia). Concerning employment, 27.7% of patients aged 18–60 held a job before admission. The vast majority of patients (84.8%) had a length of stay of less than 3 months. A comparison of these data with the results of a study performed in 1996 and using the same method shows a decrease of rates of long-stay patients. In 1996 the rates of employment were significantly higher in Romania (39.3%) and Slovakia (42.5%) compared to Austria (30.7%). These differences disappeared in 1999 due to decreasing rates of employment in Romania and Slovakia. The numbers of mental health personnel varies between types of institution (university or non-university) and countries, being highest in Austria and lowest in Romania. A considerable increase in the numbers of staff was found in Slovakia.
Is it worth while changing clinically stable schizophrenic out-patients with mild to moderate residual symptoms and/or side effects from conventional to atypical antipsychotics? A prospective, randomised study with olanzapine
Authors: Appelberg Björn , Tuisku Katinka , Joffe Grigori 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFifty clinically stable, schizophrenic outpatients, suffering from residual schizophrenic symptoms and/or neurological side effects, were randomised to either continue their conventional neuroleptic(s) or change it to olanzapine. After 12 weeks patients on olanzapine exhibited significant improvement in neurological side effects and psychotic symptomatology as compared to patients on conventional antipsychotics.
Patients’ satisfaction with hospitalization in a mixed psychiatric and somatic care unit
Authors: Eytan Ariel , Bovet Laurence , Gex-Fabry Marianne , Alberque Christel , Ferrero François 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA patient satisfaction survey was undertaken in a mixed psychiatric and somatic care unit. An anonymous self-report questionnaire covering setting and satisfaction with care was completed by 60 patients. Median age was 42 (range 20–64), and the majority female (63%). Main ICD-10 diagnostic categories were depressive disorders (51.7%), substance-related disorders (33%) and personality disorders (25%). Somatic comorbidity was present in 60% of patients. Overall satisfaction with care and setting was high. Higher satisfaction was significantly associated with a history of previous hospitalizations in a psychiatric hospital and with being referred to the program by a psychiatrist. These findings emphasize the perceived advantages of mixed units, such as decreased stigmatization of psychiatric inpatients and opportunity to receive adequate treatment for both physical and mental problems during a single hospital stay.
Angiogenin and vascular endothelial growth factor in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia
Authors: Shaarawy M. , Al‐Sokkary F. , Sheba M. , Wahba O. , Kandil H.O. , Abdel‐Mohsen I. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of the angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenin in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and how their concentrations correlate with the severity of the disease and fetal outcome.Patients and MethodsA prospective study was carried out on 71 pregnant patients with preeclampsia and 20 pregnant normotensive controls. Maternal serum levels of VEGF and angiogenin were determined in all cases by enzyme immunoassay. Assessment of fetal well‐being using the Biophysical Profile Score (BPS), umbilical and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry, and infant birthweight were carried out.ResultsMaternal serum VEGF and angiogenin levels were significantly increased in cases of mild and severe preeclampsia compared to controls. Their increase was positively correlated with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as poor BPS, abnormal Doppler velocimetry, and low birthweight.ConclusionElevated levels of both VEGF and angiogenin could confirm the existence of vascular reactivity and endothelial disturbance in preeclampsia. Measurement of these angiogenic factors in maternal serum may be a useful as biomarkers for the assessment of the severity of the disease and of fetal outcome.
Mechanisms of Abnormal Q Waves in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Assessed by Intracoronary Electrocardiography
Authors: KOGA YOSHINORI , YAMAGA AKIHIKO , HIYAMUTA KOHJI , IKEDA HISAO , TOSHIMA HIRONORI 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: To clarify the mechanisms of abnormal Q waves in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), local epicardial electrical activities were assessed by intracoronary electrocardiography (ECG). Methods and Results: Unipolar intracoronary ECG was recorded by introducing a guide wire for angioplasty into the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 20 patients with HCM and 10 control subjects. Intracoronary ECG showed no Q waves in any control subjects. Intracoronary ECG showed no Q waves in 8 HCM patients without abnormal Q waves on surface ECG. In 12 HCM patients with abnormal Q waves on surface ECG, 4 showed Q waves on intracoronary ECG associated with regional wall‐motion abnormalities, suggesting Q waves are formed by loss of electrical forces due to transmural myocardial fibrosis. The remaining 8 patients, who did not have Q waves on intracoronary ECG, showed greater thickening of the basal free wall than the apical free wall, with no wall‐motion abnormalities. Intracoronary ECG was characterized by increased R or R′ waves and prolonged R peak times at the proximal LAD, suggesting Q waves are formed by increased electrical forces of hypertrophied basal septal and/or ventricular free wall, unopposed by apical forces. Conclusion: The study findings provide evidence for two mechanisms of abnormal Q waves in HCM: (1) loss of electrical forces due to transmural myocardial fibrosis, and (2) altered direction of resultant initial QRS vector due to increased electrical forces of disproportionate hypertrophy of the basal septal and/or ventricular free wall, unopposed by apical forces.
Coexistence of Two Types of Ventricular Fibrillation During Acute Regional Ischemia in Rabbit Ventricle
Authors: LIU YEN‐BIN , PAK HUI‐NAM , LAMP SCOTT T. , OKUYAMA YUJI , HAYASHI HIDEKI , WU TSU‐JUEY , WEISS JAMES N. , CHEN PENG‐SHENG , LIN SHIEN‐FONG 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: We previously reported that a normal ventricle can demonstrate two types of ventricular fibrillation (VF), depending on the underlying electrophysiologic characteristics at the time of VF induction. We hypothesize that the two types of VF can coexist in acutely ischemic ventricles. Methods and Results: Optical mapping studies were performed with di‐4ANEPPS in 15 Langendorff‐perfused rabbit hearts. Coronary artery branches were ligated to create regional ischemia in 10 hearts. Action potential duration measured to 50% repolarization (APD50) during ischemia showed an area with uniformly shortened APD50 (zone 1), an area with normal or lengthened APD50 (zone 3), and an area in between with an APD50 gradient (zone 2). Ischemia flattened APD restitution (APDR) slope and reduced conduction velocity in zone 1, creating a condition for type II VF. APDR steepened and the conduction velocity changed little in the nonischemic zone (zone 3), creating a condition for type I VF. During induced VF, the dominant frequency in zones 2 and 3 progressively increased after ischemia onset. The dominant frequency in zone 1 (ischemic zone) first decreased and then slightly increased but typically remained less than the dominant frequency in zone 3. The number of wavebreaks increased with time in all three zones (baseline: 4.3 ± 1.5; 30 min: 11.7 ± 5.6; 60 min: 15.6 ± 11 per frame; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Two types of VF can coexist during acute regional ischemia. Both ischemic and nonischemic regions develop proarrhythmic changes during regional ischemia, thus contributing to increased ventricular vulnerability to VF and sudden death during acute coronary occlusion.
Mechanism of Adenosine‐Induced Termination of Focal Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: HIGA SATOSHI , TAI CHING‐TAI , LIN YENN‐JIANG , LIU TU‐YING , LEE PI‐CHANG , HUANG JIN‐LONG , YUNIADI YOGA , HUANG BIEN‐HSIEN , HSIEH MING‐HSIUNG , LEE SHIH‐HUANG , KUO JEN‐YUAN , LEE KUN‐TAI , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: Adenosine can terminate most focal atrial tachycardias (ATs). However, information about the termination mechanism is limited. This study investigated the effects and mechanism of adenosine on terminating focal AT using a three‐dimensional noncontact mapping system. Methods and Results: The study consisted of 7 patients (4 men and 3 women; age 44 ± 29 years) with focal AT. Cycle length variation and atrial activation pattern at baseline and just before AT termination by adenosine (3–12mg) were analyzed. Noncontact mapping demonstrated focal AT propagated from the origin (O) with preferential conduction and spread away from the breakout sites to the whole atrium. Compared to baseline AT, termination episodes revealed higher mean beat‐to‐beat variation of AT cycle length (11.7 ± 11.7 msec vs 4.7 ± 4.5 msec, P < 0.001) and standard deviation of normalized AT cycle length (0.033 ± 0.014 vs 0.011 ± 0.005, P < 0.001). In termination episodes, adenosine significantly decreased the peak negative voltage of AT‐O (–27.2 ± 15.3%, P < 0.01), preferential conduction (proximal: –32.1 ± 18.7, mid: –28.4 ± 22.8, distal portion: –29.6 ± 21.4%, P < 0.01), and breakout (–31.4 ± 12.5%, P < 0.01). However, adenosine did not affect voltage in nontermination episodes. Adenosine shifted the locations of AT‐O in 5 of 10 AT episodes with termination. Mean number of shifting AT‐O was 2.4 ± 1.5 (range 1–4), with maximum shifting distance of 15.0 ± 3.1 (range 10–19) mm. Focal activation at AT‐O simply disappeared in all termination episodes and therefore was not due to conduction block within preferential conduction or breakout site. Catheter ablation lesions covered 50% of total shifting origins, without late recurrence. Conclusion: Adenosine‐induced AT termination was associated with significantly decreased electrogram voltage, shifting AT‐O locations, and disappearance of focal activation.
Relationship Between Anatomic Location of the Crista Terminalis and Double Potentials Recorded During Atrial Flutter:
Authors: OKUMURA YASUO , WATANABE ICHIRO , YAMADA TAKESHI , OHKUBO KIMIE , SUGIMURA HIDEZOU , HASHIMOTO KENICHI , KOFUNE TATSUYA , TAKAGI YASUHIRO , WAKITA RIE , OSHIKAWA NAOHIRO , KAWAUCHI KAZUNORI , SAITO SATOSHI , OZAWA YUKIO , KANMATSUSE KATSUO , YOSHIKAWA YASUYUKI , ASAKAWA YUKO 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: The activation sequence in typical atrial flutter (AFL) around the tricuspid annulus is well described. However, activation of the remainder of the right atrium (RA) is not well defined. Previous studies have shown a linear block at the crista terminalis (CT) during AFL. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the location of the CT and the line of block by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE). Methods and Results: Twenty‐one patients with typical AFL were included in the study. The ICE imaging catheter (9‐French with 9‐MHz ultrasound transducer) was advanced to the RA. Under ICE guidance, a 20‐pole roving catheter was used to map double potentials (DPs) during AFL, and three‐dimensional images of the RA were reconstructed. During counterclockwise (CCW), clockwise (CW) AFL, or both, a line of conduction block manifested by DPs was identified at a septal site adjacent to the CT in 12 patients and in the posteroseptal RA in 9 patients. Conclusion: The functional line of block in CCW and CW AFL is localized not at the CT but at the septal edge of the CT or in the posteroseptal RA.
Coronary Sinus Recordings of Double Potentials Associated with Retrograde Conduction Through Left Atrioventricular Accessory Pathways
Authors: AKIYAMA MASAHIRO , KANEKO YOSHIAKI , TANIGUCHI YASUHIRO , NAKAJIMA TADASHI , MANITA MAMORU , ITO TOSHIO , SAITO AKIHIRO , KURABAYASHI MASAHIKO 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: In some patients with left AV accessory pathway (AP), double potentials are recorded along the coronary sinus (CS) during retrograde AP conduction only. This electrophysiologic study was performed to clarify the origin and clinical significance of double potentials in 11 patients. Methods and Results: The direction of activation of the first, relatively blunt component (DP1) was lateral to septal in 5 patients with anterior or anterolateral AP, centrifugal in 2 patients with posterior or posterolateral AP, and septal to lateral in 4 patients with posteroseptal AP, suggesting the earliest activation of DP1 was near the AP. The direction of activation of the second, sharper potentials (DP2) were septal to lateral in all patients. The double potentials were fused in the paraseptal CS region. Pacing from the lateral CS musculature or lateral left atrium reproduced the double potentials. The effective refractory period of the double potentials was reached by ventricular extrastimulation, and the left atrial deflection preceded the double potentials, excluding a ventricular or AP origin. Conclusion: In patients with connections between the paraseptal CS musculature and left atrium but no connections more laterally, retrograde left AP conduction is associated with double potentials in the CS recordings. The double potentials represent activation of the left atrial insertion of the AP (DP1) and later activation of the CS musculature (DP2) via connections between the paraseptal CS musculature and left atrium, respectively. The activation pattern of DP1 depends on AP location, thus providing important information for AP localization during CS mapping.
Do Fundamentals Explain the Behaviour of the Swedish Real Effective Exchange Rate?
Authors: Nilsson Kristian 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis study examines the long‐run relationship between the real effective exchange rate and its fundamental determinants, and derives a real effective equilibrium exchange rate for the Swedish krona. Our results indicate that the krona was severely overvalued in late 1992, when the fixed exchange rate regime was abandoned. By the end of 2000 the krona was undervalued by approximately 5 percent, given the prevailing economic conditions. Arithmetic examples of suitable SEK/EUR conversion rates are calculated under various assumptions to provide a guideline if Sweden were to adopt the euro in the future.
Swedish Postwar Business Cycles: Generated Abroad or at Home?
Authors: Lindé Jesper 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe relative importance of foreign and domestic shocks for the Swedish postwar business cycle is examined in a neoclassical stochastic growth model of a small open economy. Since recent research has shown that fiscal policy shocks may be important for business cycles, I extend previous work in the literature by allowing for stochastic fiscal policy. It is found that the introduction of fiscal policy improves the empirical fit of the model, although not significantly so when hours worked are detrended with the HP filter. The results suggest that domestic shocks are more important than foreign shocks for output fluctuations. Among the domestic shocks, innovations in fiscal policy seem to have been more important than technology shocks during this period. Foreign shocks are very important for fluctuations in the real exchange rate and the current account.
Prices vs. Quantities: The Irrelevance of Irreversibility*
Authors: Baldursson Fridrik M. , Von Der Fehr Nils‐Henrik M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe explore the efficacy of price and quantity controls in a dynamic setup in which the decisions of some agents are irreversible. The assumption of irreversibility is shown to improve the performance of a tax relative to that of a system of tradable quotas and significantly alter the equilibrium behavior of agents. We nevertheless conclude that taking into account the fact that agents’ decisions may be irreversible does not lead to policy implications significantly different from those reached in a simpler model in which irreversibility is ignored.
Management of a parturient with respiratory failure secondary to cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cameron A. J. D. , Skinner T. A. J. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA 21‐year‐old with end‐stage respiratory failure and cor pulmonale due to cystic fibrosis became pregnant. Her forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 17% of that predicted antenatally, and termination was strongly advised on the grounds that continuing pregnancy was likely to be fatal. She elected to continue with the pregnancy and gave birth by lower segment caesarean section at 29 weeks and 5 days' gestation. Despite a problematic postnatal course, she was successfully discharged home and, 7 months postnatally, continues to live at home with her partner and their baby. There are no previous reports of cystic fibrosis patients with this level of respiratory impairment surviving pregnancy.
Predictors of long‐term mortality and cardiac events in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease who survive major non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Filipovic M. , Jeger R. V. , Girard T. , Probst C. , Pfisterer M. , Gürke L. , Studer W. , Seeberger M. D. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe aim of this prospective study was to assess predictors of long‐term outcome in patients with documented or suspected coronary artery disease who survive major non‐cardiac surgery. The impact of patients' comorbidities, pre‐operative heart rate variability and postoperative increase in cardiac troponin I on all‐cause mortality and major cardiac events within 2 years was explored using multivariable logistic regression. Six of 173 patients died within the first month after surgery and were excluded from the study. Thirty‐four of 167 patients (20%) died 1–24 months after surgery. Independent predictors of all‐cause mortality were history of congestive heart failure (odds ratio 6.4 [95%, confidence interval 1.7–24]), pre‐operatively depressed heart rate variability (odds ratio 6.4 [95%, confidence interval 1.9–21]), and age > 70 years (odds ratio 4.5 [95%, confidence interval 1.2–16]). In contrast, postoperative elevation of cardiac troponin I did not independently predict all‐cause mortality or major cardiac events.
The Glidescope® system: a clinical assessment of performance
Authors: Rai M. R. , Dering A. , Verghese C. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe Glidescope® is a new videolaryngoscope. It has a digital camera incorporated in the blade which displays a view of the vocal cords on a monitor. This allows the placement of a tracheal tube to be visualised. We describe its performance in 50 patients who required orotracheal intubation for elective surgery. Two investigators performed 25 intubations each. Intubation with the Glidescope® was successful in 47 of the 50 cases. The three failures occurred early in the series and were attributed to the initial learning curve. The success rate after the first eight patients in each series was 100%. The median (IQR [range]) time to intubation was 40 (30–55 [15–105]) s. The Glidescope® provided a grade I view of the glottis in 44 cases and a grade II view in six cases. The view of the larynx was improved in almost half (23) of the cases. The Glidescope® improved the view by one grade in 22 and by two grades in one patient. We conclude that the Glidescope® is an effective device for tracheal intubation and provides an improved view of the larynx. Further clinical studies are necessary to evaluate its role in airways that are difficult to manage.
Randomised controlled cross‐over comparison of continuous positive airway pressure through the Hamilton Galileo ventilator with a Dräger CF 800 device*
Authors: Sutton P. J. , Perkins C. L. , Giles S. P. , McAuley D. F. , Gao F. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryIn this controlled, randomised cross‐over trial on 26 intensive care patients, we compared the effects on haemodynamic and respiratory profiles of continuous positive airway pressure delivered through the Hamilton Galileo ventilator or a Dräger CF 800 device. We also compared the nursing time saved using the two approaches when weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. We did not find significant differences in haemodynamics, respiratory rate, physiological dead space, oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide production between the continuous positive airway pressure generated by the Galileo and Dräger machines. However, there was a 10‐fold reduction in nursing time using the Galileo ventilator compared with the Dräger generator. We conclude that continuous positive airway pressure delivered through the Galileo ventilator is as efficient as a Dräger device but consumes less nursing time.