bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the new reliability issues of PCB in 5G millimeter wave application
Authors: He Xiao , Huang Lijuan , Xiao Meizhen , Yu Chengyong , Li En , Shao Weiheng 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the new technical demands and reliability challenges to printed circuit board (PCB) designs, materials and processes when the transmission frequency increases from Sub-6 GHz in previous generations to millimeter (mm) wave in fifth-generation (5G) communication technology.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach involves theoretical analysis and actual case study by various characterization techniques, such as a stereo microscope, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, focused ion beam, high-frequency structure simulator, stripline resonator and mechanical test.

Findings
To meet PCB signal integrity demands in mm-wave frequency bands, the improving proposals on copper profile, resin system, reinforcement fabric, filler, electromagnetic interference-reducing design, transmission line as well as via layout, surface treatment, drilling, desmear, laminating and electroplating were discussed. And the failure causes and effects of typical reliability issues, including complex permittivity fluctuation at different frequencies or environments, weakening of peel strength, conductive anodic filament, crack on microvias, the effect of solder joint void on signal transmission performance and soldering anomalies at ball grid array location on high-speed PCBs, were demonstrated.

Originality/value
The PCB reliability problem is the leading factor to cause failures of PCB assemblies concluded from statistical results on the failure cases sent to our laboratory. The PCB reliability level is very essential to guarantee the reliability of the entire equipment. In this paper, the summarized technical demands and reliability issues that are rarely reported in existing articles were discussed systematically with new perspectives, which will be very critical to identify potential reliability risks for PCB in 5G mm-wave applications and implement targeted improvements.
The response of gold to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lu Zhaoying , Tanizaki Hisashi 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate how the gold return and its volatility respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
Stochastic volatility (SV) models are conducted to examine the response of gold to the number of new confirmed cases and deaths.

Findings
The results indicate that an increase in the change rate of the number of COVID-19 infections or fatalities leads to heightened volatility in gold prices. Moreover, the results suggest that gold volatility is more sensitive to the impacts from high-income countries than by those from middle- and low-income countries. In addition, the asymmetric effect is detected in the gold price volatility, which is contrary to the typical asymmetric effect seen in the stock market. Furthermore, the results remain robust after accounting for the US dollar and the volatility index in relation to gold returns.

Practical implications
This study presents whether and to what extent gold is incorporated in the information related to the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths.

Originality/value
This study augments the existing literature by exploring how the number of COVID-19 infections and fatalities influences gold prices. In addition, it examines the day-of-the-week and asymmetric effects that may contribute to the volatility of gold prices. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the evolution of gold has not yet been investigated using SV models.
Rethinking the role of middle management for the new world of work
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
McKinsey partners, Bill Schaninger, Bryan Hancock and Emily Field are championing the premise that the need for a fundamental rethink of the role of middle management in today’s organizations is now more urgent than ever.

Design/methodology/approach
So what should the new blueprint be for middle management as the crucial link between the executive level and the front line S&L interviewer Prof Brian Leavy asks the authors of Power to the Middle: Why Managers Hold the Keys to the Future of Work.

Findings
Companies with top quartile management practices can have more than three times the return to shareholders than other companies.

Practical implications
Because of middle managers’ proximity to the front line, they have a helpful, realistic perspective on how new tools like generative AI should be adopted throughout the organization.

Originality/value
The authors found that middle managers deliver the most value to the organization when they can serve as coaches, connectors, talent managers and strategists. For senior leaders to truly put middle managers at the forefront, they must give managers space to grow and the license to manage in a way that works for them and their team.
Driving growth, productivity and engagement through “good jobs strategy”
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
An interview with Zeynep Ton, a professor of practice in the operations management group at MIT Sloan School of Management, about er latest book, The Case for Good Jobs: How Great Companies Bring Dignity, Pay & Meaning to Everyone’s Work.

Design/methodology/approach
She believes that leaders can either view their employees as a cost to be minimized, invest little in them and operate with high turnover, or they can see them as drivers of profitability and growth—investing heavily in them, designing their work for high productivity and contribution and therefore operating with low turnover.-- “the good jobs strategy.”

Findings
The secret sauce of good jobs strategy is four operational choices—focus and simplify, standardize and empower, cross-train and operate with slack—that improve productivity and contribution and make that higher investment possible.

Practical implications
The competitive costs of low people investment are even higher than the poor operational execution costs.

Originality/value
By making the work better and increasing pay, companies can better attract and keep their talent and enforce high standards, which improve execution and service, uplifting revenue. Few have examined this important topic more closely than Zeynep Ton, a professor of practice in the operations management group at MIT Sloan School of Management, best-selling author of The Good Jobs Strategy: How the Smartest Companies Invest in Employees to Lower Costs and Boost Profits.
Brief report: Characterization of electronic cigarette use among patients of a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Robinson Jason D. , Kypriotakis George , Karam‐Hage Maher , Cui Yong , Beneventi Diane , Blalock Janice A. , Minnix Jennifer A. , Cinciripini Paul M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe provide an initial characterization of e‐cigarette use among adult cancer patients.MethodsData were collected between November 2020 and August 2022 at a comprehensive cancer center.ResultsRelatively few (4.59%) of the assessed patients (n = 47,117) reported ever using e‐cigarettes. Over one‐third of current e‐cigarette users reported being current combustible cigarette users.Discussion and ConclusionsThese data suggest that e‐cigarette use is uncommon but associated with other tobacco use among adult cancer patients.Scientific SignificanceThis is among the first comprehensive surveys of adult cancer patient e‐cigarette use that details the types of e‐cigarette and other tobacco products used by this population.
Does Environmental, Social and Governance Performance Lessen Analyst Optimistic Bias: Evidence from China*
Authors: Wang Zaifeng , Xing Tiancai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examine how analysts respond to non‐financial information about environmental, social responsibility, and corporate governance (ESG) performance and find good ESG performance lessens analysts' optimistic bias. We verify the mediating role of financial transparency that superior ESG performance decreases the level of information asymmetry between firms and analysts and improves financial transparency, thus weakening optimistic bias. Analysts' optimistic bias rises with increased institutional holdings and diminishes with heightened economic policy uncertainty. Social responsibility makes a larger reducing effect on analyst optimistic bias than corporate governance and environmental protection. Our findings have important implications for encouraging firms to emphasize ESG performance and improving stock market efficiency.
How does economic policy uncertainty respond to permanent and transitory shocks?
Authors: Funashima Yoshito 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe widely used economic policy uncertainty index relies on newspaper reports' word count and may be influenced by media coverage biases. This empirical study explores the response of the economic policy uncertainty index to permanent and transitory shocks, which are identified using a structural vector autoregressive model. We find an overreaction in the economic policy uncertainty index to a permanent shock, suggesting media reporting's temporary overeagerness. Specifically, we demonstrate that the index responds negatively and transiently to a permanent shock, followed by reversed, prolonged responses. However, the negative and transient effects of a transitory shock on the index are milder.
Effects of partial passive ownership in a successive endogenous timing game with R&D spillovers
Authors: Xu Lili , Zhang Yidan , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study explores the effect of partial passive ownership (PPO) in a successive two‐round endogenous timing game wherein firms choose research and development (R&D) investments in the first round and then subsequently choose quantities in the second round. We show that each firm prefers to be a quantity leader independent of the timing of R&D decisions, but the welfare‐inferior Cournot competition is an equilibrium of an endogenous production timing game. Moreover, we discover that the equilibrium of an endogenous R&D timing game crucially depends on the PPO level and R&D spillovers rate, while the R&D timing coordination may not be socially desirable unless both are low or high. Our findings suggest that the R&D leadership position of a PPO holder can play an anticompetitive role in the coordination of R&D competition with higher R&D spillovers rates and PPO levels.
The Parenting Sense of Competence scale: Updating a classic
Authors: Gilmore Linda , Cuskelly Monica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) is a self‐report measure of parenting efficacy and satisfaction that is widely used by researchers and clinicians in many countries. Despite its popularity, there have been some criticisms of the instrument. The aims of the current study were to identify and address shortcomings of the PSOC and to produce a revised measure that reflected the original constructs and that demonstrated robust psychometric properties.MethodsThe researchers examined the original PSOC and proposed changes to overcome identified issues. A sample of 3056 Australian mothers provided data for the revised instrument's factor structure and psychometric analyses.ResultsWe identified a number of problems with the original instrument, including factorial inconsistency, and multipart or potentially ambiguous questions. Of particular concern was the fact that all negatively worded items load onto one subscale and all positively worded questions load onto the other subscale. In addressing these issues, we produced a 16‐item instrument (the Parenting Sense of Competence–Revised; PSOC‐R) with strong internal consistency, excellent test–retest reliability and good evidence of construct validity including factorial validity and criterion‐related validity.ConclusionsThe PSOC‐R maintains the intent of the original measure in assessing parenting Efficacy (10 items) and Satisfaction (6 items). It represents improvements in item construction including reductions in complexity, with no multipart items and a lower reading level requirement than previously. Data across four child age groups enhance the instrument's clinical utility.
What might the COVID‐19 pandemic in regard to people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder teach us regarding the future?
Authors: Baba Cavid , Yavas Ipek , Samadzade Ulvi , Ozdogar Asiye Tuba , Ozakbas Serkan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to examine the demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD, pwNMOSD) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThis was an observational study of pwNMOSD at a tertiary care clinic. Data on COVID‐19 infection were collected between 11 March 2020 and 30 April 2022. Data on COVID‐19 symptoms, severity and death rate were analyzed.ResultsWe observed 16 confirmed COVID‐19 cases and three suspected cases. Three (15.8%) patients had severe infections, whereas 16 (84.2%) had mild conditions. Only one person was admitted to the hospital due to pneumonia. COVID‐19 re‐infection was reported by three patients. No pwNMOSD died as a result of COVID‐19 disease. Cough was the most frequently reported symptom. The incidence of COVID‐19 infection in our cohort was 21.1%. Immunosuppressants were taken by 57.9% of pwNMOSD with COVID‐19, and by 84.5% of pwNMOSD without COVID‐19.ConclusionsDue to the small sample size, there was no predominant difference in infection between infected and uninfected patients with or without immunosuppressant drugs. However, given that immunosuppressants are a risk for infection, patient decision‐making in their selection is important.
An impact evaluation of conservation investments targeting long‐distance migratory species
Authors: Donlan C. Josh , Eusse‐González Diana , Luque Gloria M. , Reiter Matthew E. , Ruiz‐Gutierrez Viviana , Allen Michael C. , Johnston‐González Richard , Robinson Orin J. , Fernández Guillermo , Palacios Eduardo , Valenzuela Jorge 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of a philanthropic program investing in the conservation of sites along the Pacific Americas Flyway, which spans >16,000 km of coastline and is used by millions of shorebirds. Using a quasi‐experimental, mixed methods approach, we estimated what would have happened to shorebird populations at 17 wintering sites without the sustained and additional investment they received. We modeled shorebird populations across the entire flyway and at sites with and without investment. Combining shorebird abundance estimates with a land‐cover classification model, we used the synthetic control method to create counterfactuals for shorebird trends at the treatment sites. We found no evidence of an overall effect across three outcome variables. Species‐ and site‐level treatment effects were heterogeneous, with a few cases showing evidence of a positive effect, including a site with a high level of overall investment. Results suggest six shorebirds declined across the entire flyway, including at many Latin American sites. However, the percentage of flyway populations present at the sites remained stable, and the percentage at the treatment sites was higher (i.e., investment sites) than at control sites. Multiple mechanisms behind our results are possible, including that investments have yet to mitigate impacts and negative impacts at other sites are driving declines at the treatment sites. A limitation of our evaluation is the sole focus on shorebird abundance and the lack of data that prohibits the inclusion of other outcome variables. Monitoring infrastructure is now in place to design a more robust and a priori shorebird evaluation framework across the entire flyway. With this framework, it will prove easier to prioritize limited dollars to result in the most positive conservation outcomes.
Rates of tree cover loss in key biodiversity areas on Indigenous Peoples’ lands
Authors: Simkins Ashley Thomas , Donald Paul F. , Beresford Alison E. , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Fa Julia E. , Fernández‐Llamazares Alvaro Onrubia , Garnett Stephen T. , Buchanan Graeme M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIndigenous Peoples’ lands (IPL) cover at least 38 million km2 (28.1%) of Earth's terrestrial surface. These lands can be important for biodiversity conservation. Around 20.7% of IPL intersect areas protected by government (PAs). Many sites of importance for biodiversity within IPL could make a substantial but hitherto unquantified contribution to global site‐based conservation targets. Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) represent the largest global network of systematically identified sites of high importance for biodiversity. We assessed the effectiveness of IPL in slowing biodiversity loss inside and outside PAs by quantifying tree cover loss from 2000 to 2019 in KBAs at international and national levels and comparing it with losses at equivalent sites outside mapped IPL. Based on a matched sample of 1‐km2 cells in KBAs inside and outside mapped IPL, tree cover loss in KBAs outside PAs was lower inside IPL than outside IPL. By contrast, tree cover loss in KBAs inside PAs was lower outside IPL than inside IPL (although the difference was far smaller). National rates of tree cover loss in KBAs varied greatly in relation to their IPL and PA status. In one half of the 44 countries we examined individually, there was no significant difference in the rate of tree cover loss in KBAs inside and outside mapped IPL. The reasons for this intercountry variation could illuminate the importance of IPL in meeting the Convention on Biological Diversity's ambition of conserving 30% of land by 2030. Critical to this will be coordinated action by governments to strengthen and enforce Indigenous Peoples’ rights, secure their collective systems of tenure and governance, and recognize their aspirations for their lands and futures.
Relationship between two pathogens in an amphibian community that experienced mass mortalities
Authors: Thumsová Barbora , Alarcos Gonzalo , Ayres Cesar , Rosa Gonçalo M. , Bosch Jaime 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBecause host species tend to harbor multiple parasitic species, coinfection in a host is common. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and the viruses in the genus Ranavirus (Rv) are responsible for the decline of amphibians worldwide. Despite wide geographical co‐occurrence and the serious conservation problem that coinfection with these pathogens could represent, little is known about their possible synergistic interactions and effects in a host community. We investigated the occurrence and associations between these two pathogens in an amphibian community after Rv‐driven disease outbreaks were detected in four populations of the Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl) in northwestern Spain. We collected tissue samples from amphibians and fish and estimated Bd and Rv infection loads by qPCR. A few months after the most recent mass mortality event, Rv infection parameters at the affected sites decreased significantly or were lower than such registered at the sites where no outbreaks were recorded. Both pathogens were simultaneously present in almost all sites, but coinfection in a single host was rare. Our findings suggest that the co‐occurrence of Bd and Rv does not predict adverse outcomes (e.g., enhanced susceptibility of hosts to one pathogen due to the presence or infection intensity of the other) following an outbreak. Other variables (such as species identity or site) were more important than infection with a pathogen in predicting the infection status and severity of infection with the other pathogen. Our results highlight the importance of host‐specific and environmental characteristics in the dynamics of infections, coinfection patterns, and their impacts.
New Law for Old Trees in Romania: lessons and opportunities
Authors: Hartel Tibor , Arghiuș Viorel , Stoican Florin , Réti Kinga Olga , Bouriaud Laura 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge Old Trees (LOT) are keystone ecological structures and have high cultural and economic importance. Still, LOT are only exceptionally targeted specifically by National Laws and are absent from powerful nature conservation policies (e.g., the Natura 2000 protected area policies of the European Union). Romania recently adopted a Law for its LOT. As persons who contributed to the scientific premisses and the first draft of this Law as well as in the advocacy for Romanian LOT, we present the Law (its weaknesses and opportunities) and provide insights into encourage other countries for adopting the Law specifically for LOT.
High importance of indirect evolutionary rescue in a small food web
Authors: van Velzen Ellen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEvolutionary rescue may allow species to survive environmental change, but how this mechanism operates in food webs is poorly understood. Here, the evolutionary rescue was investigated in a small model food web, systematically allowing the evolution of each single species in order to reveal how its adaptation affects the persistence of itself and others. The impact of evolution was highly species‐specific and not necessarily positive: only one species, the specialist predator, consistently had a positive impact on overall persistence. Most strikingly, evolution overwhelmingly affected other species: rescue of others (indirect rescue) was far more frequent than self‐rescue, and negative effects were nearly always indirect. This demonstrates that evolutionary rescue in food webs is inextricably bound up with species interactions, as the effects of evolution in one species ripple through the entire community. It is therefore critically important to consider the food web context in efforts to understand how species may survive global change.
How Does the Bible Refer to Christ? Interacting with Augustine the Allegorist
Authors: Boone Mark J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAbstract: Traditional Christianity teaches that the Bible's primary referent is Jesus Christ, the Messiah, and Christians have long looked for ways to connect every passage in the Bible to the Christ. One venerable strategy is the allegorical or figurative approach of creatively interpreting any unit of biblical meaning, sometimes down to the individual words, as referencing Christ. Alternatively, we might take the biblical narrative itself as referencing Christ and find the connection of smaller units of meaning to Christ through their place in that narrative. My article clarifies this topic through interaction with an exemplary practitioner of the strategy of figurative reading, the Church Father Augustine. I will first explain Augustine's reasons for his hermeneutics, which stem largely from his focus on smaller units of reference such as the word and the sentence. Then I will argue that his reasons are not persuasive if indeed the Bible does refer to Christ at a broader level, the level of narrative.