bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of patients with recurrent laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Brenner Baruch , Marshak Gideon , Sulkes Aaron , Rakowsky Erica 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAlthough recurrent laryngeal carcinoma is a common clinical problem, the data regarding its natural history and prognostic factors are limited. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical course of patients with recurrent laryngeal carcinoma and determine the impact of various factors on their survival.MethodsThe medical files of 65 patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer treated at the Rabin Medical Center between 1975 and 1996 were reviewed. The possible risk factors for survival were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models.ResultsThe estimated 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates of the patient population were 67% and 56%, respectively. On univariate analysis, primary tumor site, T stage and nodal status, duration of disease‐free interval, site of recurrence, and operability of recurrent tumor were all powerful prognostic factors for survival. On multivariate analysis, three variables retained statistical significance: primary tumor site (p< .001), site of recurrence (p< .001), and its operability (p= .005).ConclusionsWe found several disease‐related factors to be predictive of poor outcome in patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer. Our data emphasize the need for early detection not only of primary tumors but also of their recurrences. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 531–535, 2001.
Characterization of a spontaneously arising murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII) as a prerequisite for head and neck cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Khurana Dianne , Martin Elizabeth A. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , O'Malley Bert W. , Salomao Diva R. , Chen Lieping , Strome Scott E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients with head and neck malignancies, poorly immunogenic murine models of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) need to be defined.MethodsThe phenotype, growth characteristics, and responsiveness to tumor‐specific T‐cell transfer of a spontaneously arising murine SCC (SCC VII) were characterized.ResultsSCC VII expresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules yet is resistant to tumor‐specific T‐cell killing and relatively insensitive to killing mediated by lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells. Intradermal tumors are reproducibly established after vaccination of 5 × 104 cells, and systemic micrometastases are apparent after intravenous administration of 2.5 × 104 cells. Immunotherapy of 3‐day lung metastases using tumor‐specific T cells and systemic interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) was ineffective in reducing the number of metastases in vivo.ConclusionsSCC VII is a poorly immunogenic murine squamous cell cancer, which represents an ideal model for preclinical testing of immunotherapeutic approaches for patients with SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 899–906, 2001.
Integrating aspects of working environment into a national research and development program on food technology
Authors: Broberg Ole , Posniak Iben 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a Danish national research and development program on food technology, it was made a condition that funded projects consider potential working environment impacts. The present study evaluated these projects and concluded that this condition failed to have any significant effect on outcomes. The reasons for this failure are explained by the social construction of the program and the fact that it neglected to consider the sociocultural dynamics within scientific and technological work. The program neither constructed useful boundary objects nor included actors that could link the social worlds of working environment and food science and technology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Approach to Hodgkin's lymphoma in the new millennium
Authors: Fung Henry C. , Nademanee Auayporn P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApproximately 75% of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma can be cured with modern chemotherapy and radiation. Most patients are treated according to clinical stage and the associated prognostic factors. For patients with limited stage Hodgkin's lymphoma, combined modality treatment has replaced subtotal nodal irradiation as the preferred treatment option. This approach eliminates laparotomy and potentially decreases the long‐term toxicity secondary to extended field irradiation and splenectomy. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that it may improve disease control and possibly survival. Multiple novel regimens have been tested in the past 20 years in patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma including dose‐intense regimens, but current evidence suggests that ABVD remains the treatment of choice outside clinical trials. Over the past decade, the treatment‐related morbidity and mortality associated with autologous stem cell transplantation have reduced significantly and stem cell transplant is becoming the treatment of choice for most patients with primary refractory or recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma. With longer follow‐up, long‐term complications, in particular secondary malignancy have become the leading cause of late treatment failure for patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. To improve the overall outcome of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, future studies need to focus on reducing the therapy‐related toxicity for patients with good risk disease as well as improving disease control for patients with poor risk disease through a risk‐adapted approach. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing and Implementing an HR Scorecard
Authors: Walker Garrett , MacDonald J. Randall 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVerizon HR has effectively designed and implemented a strategic management system, which is based upon the
balanced scorecard model of Dr. David Norton and Dr. Robert Kaplan of Harvard Business School. The HR Balanced
Scorecard was conceived with New Economy organizational dynamics in mind. The scorecard uses a broad range of
“leading and lagging” indicators—overall strategy, operational processes, customer
perceptions, and financials to evaluate the effectiveness of HR initiatives to the bottom line. The HR Balanced
Scorecard provides the means to monitor workforce indicators, analyze workforce statistics, diagnose workforce
issues, calculate the negative financial impact, prescribe solutions, and track improvements. © 2001 John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A critical review of akathisia, and its possible association with suicidal behaviour
Authors: Hansen Lars 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to make a critical review of akathisia, based on the principles of evidence‐based medicine, and to explore a possible link between akathisia and suicidal behaviour (suicidal thinking, parasuicide and completed suicide). An extensive systematic search was carried out on three major databases, Embase, ClinPsych and Medline. Fifty‐seven relevant references were found, and a further 26 references were reviewed after careful selection from the references of the original references. The Cochrane Library did not contain any systematic reviews on the subject. Akathisia can be caused by several different groups of drugs, but most frequently by antipsychotics and to a lesser extent antidepressants. Research into akathisia is made considerably more difficult by the lack of a universally agreed definition of the condition. The underlying pathophysiology is still far from clear, but the literature offers guidelines on less hazardous management regimes for patients. On the basis of the existing literature, akathisia cannot at this stage unequivocally be linked to suicidal behaviour. It is certain, however, that the condition of akathisia does cause considerable distress in an already vulnerable group of patients. Because it is largely avoidable, new, more rigorous strategies must be put in place to prevent it. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tidal effects on groundwater dynamics in unconfined aquifers
Authors: Ataie‐Ashtiani B. , Volker R. E. , Lockington D. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe variation of seawater level resulting from tidal fluctuations is usually neglected in regional groundwater flow studies. Although the tidal oscillation is damped near the shoreline, there is a quasi‐steady‐state rise in the mean water‐table position, which may have an influence on regional groundwater flow. In this paper the effects of tidal fluctuations on groundwater hydraulics are investigated using a variably saturated numerical model that includes the effects of a realistic mild beach slope, seepage face and the unsaturated zone. In particular the impact of these factors on the velocity field in the aquifer is assessed. Simulations show that the tidal fluctuation has substantial consequences for the local velocity field in the vicinity of the exit face, which affects the nearshore migration of contaminant in coastal aquifers. An overheight in the water table as a result of the tidal fluctuation is observed and this has a significant effect on groundwater discharge to the sea when the landward boundary condition is a constant water level. The effect of beach slope is very significant and simplifying the problem by considering a vertical beach face causes serious errors in predicting the water‐table position and the groundwater flux. For media with a high effective capillary fringe, the moisture retained above the water table is important in determining the effects of the tidal fluctuations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evapotranspiration modelled from stands of three broad‐leaved tropical trees in Costa Rica
Authors: Bigelow Seth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo examine the impact of tree species on the water cycle in a wet tropical region, annual evapotranspiration (ET) was estimated in Costa Rican plantations of three native, broad‐leaved tree species that contrasted strongly in leaf size, leaf area and phenology. Evapotranspiration was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation for transpiration from the dry canopy, the equilibrium equation for evaporation from the understory and a modified Rutter model of interception for evaporation of water from the canopy when wetted by rainfall. Canopy conductance was estimated from stomatal conductance, leaf area and leaf boundary‐layer conductance; canopy storage capacity and filling rate were estimated from throughfall measurements. Micrometeorological instruments were mounted on a scaffolding tower.Mean stomatal conductance, which ranged from 0·1 to 0·7 mol m−2s−1, was similar to boundary‐layer conductance, 0·1 to 0·5 mol m−2s−1, indicating decoupling of stomata from atmospheric conditions. Mean canopy conductance varied from 0·6 to 0·7 mol m−2s−1in the 1994 wet season then dropped to 0·3–0·4 mol m−2s−1in stands of the two deciduous species,CordiaandCedrela, as a result of reduced leaf area during the dry season. Despite increased understory evaporation, dry‐season ET from these stands was only 78–81% of ET in stands of the evergreen species,Hyeronima. Maximum canopy water depth varied from 0·2 to 2·2 mm, causing modelled interception to vary from 6% to 25% of annual ET. Higher dry‐season transpiration rates along with high rates of evaporation of intercepted rainfall in all seasons led to 14% higher annual ET inHyeronimastands (1509 mm) than in stands of the species with lowest ET,Cedrela(1318 mm). Despite lack of strong physiological control on transpiration, tree species in wet tropical plantations can influence hydrological balance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abrupt shifts in the fish community of the hydrologically variable upper estuary of the Swan River
Authors: Kanandjembo A. N. , Potter I. C. , Platell M. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFish were sampled in nearshore, shallow waters (<1·5 m deep) and offshore, deeper waters (2·5–5 m) of the saline lower reaches of the Swan and Canning Rivers, which collectively represent the upper Swan–Canning Estuary, by using seine and gill nets, respectively, in each season between winter 1995 and autumn 1997. Seventeen of the 34 fish species caught during the study spawn in the upper estuaries. These species, which include the semi‐anadromous Nematalosa vlaminghi, comprised 50·0% of the number of species and 88·8% of the number of fish in shallow waters and 43·8 and 89·9%, respectively, of those in deeper waters. The two most abundant species in shallow waters, Engraulis australis and N. vlaminghi, contributed 36·0 and 19·6%, respectively, to the total numbers of fish in those waters, and the latter species comprised nearly 50% of the catch in deeper waters. During winter, when freshwater discharge increased sharply and salinities declined precipitously, the number of species and abundance of fish in shallow and deeper waters were generally at their lowest and the species composition was the most discrete. This reflected the downstream movement out of the upper estuary of substantial numbers of individuals of species such as N. vlaminghi, Acanthopagrus butcheri, Amniataba caudavittata, Atherinomorus ogilbyi, Atherinosoma elongata and Craterocephalus mugiloides and the upstream movement into the upper estuary of juvenile Mugil cephalus. The overall fish fauna then changed quite abruptly in spring, when large N. vlaminghi, A. butcheri and A. caudavittata became abundant as they migrated into the upper estuary where they then spawned. During summer and autumn, the fauna in the shallows then changed more gradually through, inter alia, the recruitment of juvenile A. caudavittata and Sillago burrus and the influx of the small atherinids A. elongata and C. mugiloides. The abrupt change in the fish community in winter contrasts with the gradual, cyclical changes undergone during the year by the ichthyofaunas of holarctic, macrotidal estuaries, such as the Severn Estuary in the UK, in which the hydrology does not undergo such sudden, extreme seasonal changes and the ichthyofauna is dominated by marine and diadromous species that each enter the estuary at specific, but varying times of the year. Differences between the fish faunas of the shallow waters of the Swan and Canning Rivers are probably related to differences in the hydrological characteristics and locations of the mouths of these two tributaries. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects on catchment water balance from the management of Pinus plantations on the coastal lowlands of south‐east Queensland, Australia
Authors: Bubb Ken A. , Croton James T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA paired catchment study was conducted over a 10‐year period on the hydrology of an exotic Pinus plantation in the coastal lowlands of south‐east Queensland, Australia. Each catchment was instrumented with a stream monitoring station, tipping bucket rain gauge, and a network of piezometers to monitor the shallow perched water table. After a 6‐year calibration period a harvest treatment was imposed on one catchment (Review): clearfelling approximately 90% of the catchment area, which contained a mature (44‐year‐old) Pinus elliottii plantation. This subsequently was re‐established with a second rotation plantation of a hybrid of P.elliottii × P.caribaea var. hondurensis. The control catchment (Crayfish) contained a P. elliottii plantation similar to that clearfelled at Review. The post‐harvest period was monitored for a further 4 years.Evapotranspiration was found to be the major output flux, with stream flow only a minor component of the study catchments' water budget. Areas with gleyed podzolic soils were found to remain waterlogged for periods up to 7 months following the seasonally high summer rainfall period, with other soils having water logging periods of only a few months. Little change was observed in waterlogging characteristics following harvesting, in contrast to stream flow which increased for 3 years but with evidence of a decline after 5 years.The perched‐watertable piezometric surface indicated that its lateral drainage differs from that of surface flows; the perched‐watertable drainage fluxes from the study catchments seem minor and off‐site movement of solutes (e.g. nutrients and contaminants) via them would be limited. It was identified that the interaction between the perched and deep aquifers was poorly understood, as well as the relative importance of the soil moisture storage of the aquitard clay layer between them. It was concluded that there is a need to undertake more detailed analysis using modelling, and to obtain additional field data on soil‐layer properties and piezometric levels of the deep aquifer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrology and dissolved organic carbon biogeochemistry in an ombrotrophic bog
Authors: Fraser C. J. D. , Roulet N. T. , Moore T. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAt the Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada, DOC export measured at the basin outflow was −8·3 ± 3·7 g C m−2yr−1, and DOC loading via precipitation was estimated to be 1·5 ± 0·7 g C m−2yr−1. Discharge and DOC export calculated using a Dupuit–Forchheimer approximation compared well (within 1 g C m−2yr−1) to outflow estimates of DOC export, and confirmed that outflow measurements were a suitable proxy for DOC seepage at the peatland margins. DOC export was 12% of the magnitude of the residual carbon sink measured at the peatland. The [DOC] across groundwater transects decreased with depth, and [DOC] sampled below 0·75 m depths remained fairly constant over the study period. However, [DOC] exported through the acrotelm (0 to 0·45 m peat depth) was variable, ranging from 40 mg l−1after snowmelt to 70 mg l−1during the growing season. Fluorescence analysis revealed that exported DOC was ‘allochthonous‐like’, whereas DOC in the catotelm (deeper layers of peat) became more ‘autochthonous‐like’ with depth. A conceptual model is developed to summarize the hydrological processes and controls which affect DOC biogeochemistry at the Mer Bleue. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic variation of soil infiltration rates within and between the components of the vegetation mosaic in an Australian desert landscape
Authors: Dunkerley David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVegetation mosaics have commonly been thought to include two principal zones with distinctly different hydrology: relatively bare and impermeable runoff source zones (intergroves) and more strongly absorbing vegetated runon zones (groves). However, the data required to verify the internal uniformity of hydrologic response within these components of mosaic landscapes have been lacking, as have data on the nature (abrupt or gradational) of the boundaries between them. This study examines the degree of internal uniformity of key soil properties in the intergroves and groves of an Australian vegetation mosaic.Infiltration rates, soil water content, shear strength, bulk density and texture were determined at intervals of 1·5–2·5 m across several grove–intergrove cycles of an Australian banded shrubland. Results demonstrate that order‐of‐magnitude variability in soil infiltration rates can occur across intergroves, with lesser variation in groves. Patterns of infiltration are systematically related to slope position. Rates are relatively high in the uppermost parts of the intergrove, and fall to low values only in the lowermost intergrove where soils are mechanically strong. Infiltration rates increase rapidly from the lowermost intergrove to reach maxima within the upper to middle grove, from where rates once again decline toward the next intergrove. However, there is only a gradational change in infiltration rates across the pioneer zone–grove boundary, which is the sharpest of the mosaic boundaries when identified using plant cover data.Hydrologic models built on the presumption that mapped plant cover units are equally distinct hydrologically may need to be refined to incorporate the presence of systematic internal variability of infiltration rates and gradational change in soil hydraulic properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paclitaxel combined with fractionated radiation in vitro: A study with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Raitanen Misa , Rantanen Virpi , Kulmala Jarmo , Pulkkinen Jaakko , Klemi Pekka , Grénman Seija , Grénman Reidar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConcurrent paclitaxel and radiation has given promising results in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. We wanted to test the efficacy of this combination for vulvar carcinoma, which currently has a poor outcome in advanced stages. The radiation sensitivity, sublethal damage repair (SLDR) capacity and effect of paclitaxel during fractionated radiation were assessed in our study on 7 vulvar inherently radioresistant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. The 96‐well plate clonogenic assay was used. Survival data were fitted to the linear quadratic model. The area under the curve (AUC), equivalent to mean inactivation dose (D̄), was obtained with numerical integration. AUC ratios between single‐dose radiation and fractionated radiation with or without paclitaxel were used to determine the SLDR of the cell lines and the effect of paclitaxel on it. Seven currently tested vulvar SCC cell lines were found to have a limited capacity of repairing sublethal damage (SLD). Only 3 of them presented SLDR of significance. The effect of concurrent radiation and paclitaxel was clearly additive when the radiation dose was fractionated in most of the cell lines. In addition, 2 of the cell lines having SLDR exhibited a trend toward losing the repair capacity when paclitaxel was present during the irradiation. In addition, the survival curve of the UM‐SCV‐1A cell line gave the impression of a true paclitaxel effect on SLDR. Paclitaxel used concurrently with fractionated radiation showed effectiveness on vulvar carcinoma. The effect was at least additive and could even be expected to abrogate the SLDR during split‐dose radiation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy with hypericin induces vascular damage and apoptosis in the RIF‐1 mouse tumor model
Authors: Chen Bin , Roskams Tania , Xu Yan , Agostinis Patrizia , de Witte Peter A.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHypericin, a polycyclic quinone obtained from plants of the genus Hypericum, has been proven to be a potent photosensitizer. The mechanism of tumor eradication and mode of cell death induced by in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hypericin were investigated in the present study using 2 therapeutic protocols. RIF‐1 tumors were exposed to laser light at either 0.5 hr or 6 hr after hypericin administration (5 mg/kg, i.v.). A significant reduction in tumor perfusion, as determined by the retention of fluorescein in the tumor tissue, was detected immediately after both PDT treatments. Further decrease in tumor perfusion was observed in the hours after treatment. The re‐establishment of tumor perfusion, however, occurred 24 hr after 6 hr‐interval PDT, but not after 0.5 hr‐interval PDT. The kinetics of tumor cell survival estimated by the in vivo/in vitro clonogenic assay revealed no or limited cell death when tumors were explanted immediately after irradiation, whereas a delayed but progressive cell death was detected when tumors remained in situ after both PDT treatments. The detection of nucleosomal DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis or TUNEL assay and the assessment of cell morphology by light microscopy indicated that apoptosis was the most prominent tumor response to hypericin‐mediated PDT. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor tissue showed an increased expression of both Fas and Fas ligand after irradiation, suggesting that this cell death pathway might contribute to the overall PDT‐induced apoptotic response. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that apoptosis, likely occurring as a result of vascular damage, is responsible for the tumor eradication by PDT with hypericin in this tumor model. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.