bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining the Existence of Axion Clouds in M87* with Closure Trace Analyses
Authors: Wang Zhiren , Broderick Avery E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Black holes can amplify incoming bosonic waves via rotational superradiance, inducing bound states of ultralight bosons around them. This phenomenon has the potential to confine the parameter spaces of new bosons. Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are candidate beyond-standard-model particles that can form such clouds around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and impact the polarization signal in a similar fashion to Faraday rotation via axion–photon coupling. Prior efforts have used polarized images from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) M87 2017 observations to limit the dimensionless axion–photon coupling to previously unexplored regions. However, with the novel calibration-insensitive quantities, closure traces, and conjugate closure trace products, it is possible to constrain the existence of axion clouds while avoiding the dominant sources of systematic uncertainties, e.g., station gains and polarization leakages. We utilize a simple geometric model for the polarization map of M87* to fit the model parameters with both simulated and real data sets and reach a comparable level of constraint in the accuracy with which an axion cloud may be excluded in M87. Future applications of our approach include subsequent M87* and Sgr A* observations by EHT and the next-generation EHT that are expected to produce stronger constraints across a wider range of axion and ALP masses. Because it does not require imaging, closure trace analyses may be applied to target active galactic nuclei for which imaging is marginal, extending the number of SMBHs from which axion limits may be obtained significantly.
Bioequivalence study of ticagrelor in normal, healthy Indian subjects under fasting conditions: A randomized, blinded, crossover study
Authors: Pradeep T. Pavan , Gattu Ranjith Kumar , Naralasetty Anil Kumar , Nadig Sreevathsa , Kumar K. Vinodh , Kumar N. Ravi , Birla Ashish , Revankar Santosh Y 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the bioequivalence and safety profiles of the test drug and reference drug of 90 mg ticagrelor tablets under fasting conditions.

Methods:
This was a randomized, blinded, balanced, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover bioequivalence study in normal, healthy adults. Subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of test or reference drug (ticagrelor 90 mg oral) under fasting conditions with a 16-day washout period. The primary pharmacokinetic variables were peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration (AUC) time curve measured to the last quantifiable concentration (AUCT), and time to maximum drug concentration (Tmax). Bioequivalence was concluded if 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratio of the test/reference drugs AUCT and Cmax are within the predefined range of 80%–125%. Adverse events (AEs) were also assessed.

Results:
Forty-two healthy adult males were enrolled, but 4 withdrew and 38 subjects successfully completed the study. There was no difference between the test and reference drugs regarding pharmacokinetic parameters. The median (range) Tmax was 1.67 h (1–4 h) and 2 h (1–4.5 h) for the test and reference products, respectively. The estimated 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratio for AUCT and Cmax satisfied the predefined bioequivalence criteria of 80%–125%. On analysis of variance, no significant “sequence” and “period” effects were observed for the pharmacokinetic parameters. No AEs were reported in the study.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that the test product is bioequivalent to the reference product and safe and well-tolerated in healthy Indian adults.
Eliminating Viral Hepatitis from India and Southeast Asia by 2030: Challenges and Ways Forward
Authors: Ramasamy Senthilkumar , Raghavan Bitty , Pavithran Sreeshma , Misra Swati , Susindran Balaji , Lahariya Chandrakant 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This review was conducted to understand the epidemiology of hepatitis in Southeast Asia, examine the current scenario, and suggest a way forward for elimination. A comprehensive desk review was followed by analysis and interpretation. Viral hepatitis fits the criteria for elimination. The availability of safe and effective vaccines against the hepatitis B virus and the effective treatments for the hepatitis C virus makes it possible to eliminate hepatitis. Stepping up interventions such as universal screening, identifying the hotspots, investing in the interventions for elimination, increasing hepatitis testing and linkage to care, attention on adult vaccination, increasing coverage with hepatitis B vaccination for kids, and making hepatitis C treatment available, accessible and affordable are the strategies which need to be expanded. Telemedicine, education and training and hybrid surveillance will help increase access to services for viral hepatitis prevention and treatment. Accelerated efforts to eliminate hepatitis from South East Asia are needed. Key stakeholders need to work together for this agreed goal. The countries need to learn from each other. The primary healthcare approach should be used to achieve the elimination goal.
Developing and Establishing Attribute-based Surveillance System: A Review
Authors: Adnyana I Made Dwi Mertha , Utomo Budi , Eljatin Dwinka S , Setyawan Muhamad F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This review was conducted by analysing the nine attributes of the surveillance system according to Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. Information was collected using various databases by setting keywords and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that 67% of surveillance system implementations used sentinel surveillance and 33% used epidemiological studies. Surveillance system activities: 83% used active and passive surveillance, whereas 17% used only passive surveillance. The adequacy assessment found that 50% met the attributes of surveillance systems in Nigeria, Indonesia and Pakistan, whereas 50% did not meet the attributes of surveillance systems in Ghana, Australia and Ethiopia. This variability was due to geographical differences, the number of informants and experts, the level of collaboration and the health policies of each country. It is recommended that surveillance systems should aim to meet these nine attributes from the design to implementation stage.
Surge in Caesarean Section Rates across the Indian Subcontinent: A Systematic Review
Authors: Niazi Farah , Choedon Kalsang , Iqbal Mehwish , Kaur Karuna Nidhi , Saeed Shazina , Shannawaz Mohd 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The increase in caesarean sections (CS) globally and specifically in the Indian subcontinent is a subject of interest in maternal healthcare, considering both the benefits and risks associated with the procedure. This study aims to assess the rate of CS in the Indian subcontinent, analysing data from 10 articles encompassing 702,930 pregnant women aged 15–49 years. The findings show varying CS rates, with Bangladesh at 13.80%, India at 13.74% and Nepal at 4.60%. Factors, such as maternal age, education, place of birth and wealth quintile, were linked to these rates. The study also notes post-partum infection as a common complication associated with CS. The research focuses on three aspects: The prevalence and determinants of CS, the outcomes for mothers and neonates and the impact of CS on healthcare resources. It underscores the need for balanced antenatal counselling and informed decision-making to optimise the use of CS, considering both its necessity in certain cases and the associated healthcare implications.
Case Report: Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia Co-Occurrence Masquerading as Refractory Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Singh Manish , Peter Deepu K. , Gupta Simple , Rani V Vandana , Singh Shalendra 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT.
Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph and elevated levels of eosinophils in the peripheral blood. Among patients with these disorders, reports of either allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) or tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) are common. However, the simultaneous occurrence of ABPA and TPE is not often reported. We present the case of a young man with a history of asthma who was diagnosed with ABPA and TPE. Initially, the patient exhibited a partial response to treatment of ABPA, but persistent symptoms and eosinophilia led to suspicion and subsequent diagnosis of TPE. With implementation of antifilarials and steroids, the patient experienced satisfactory clinical and serological improvements. This case underscores the importance of considering multiple diagnoses in patients with overlapping symptoms and highlights the need for comprehensive management strategies in complex lung diseases.
Quality Assessment of Selected Essential Antimicrobial Drugs from Drug Retail Outlets of Selected Cities in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Anjulo Hailu , Birhane Worku , Hymete Ariaya , Ashenef Ayenew 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT.
The prevalence of substandard and falsified (SF) antimicrobial drugs is increasing around the globe. This poses a great concern for the healthcare system. The consumption of SF antimicrobial drugs has the potential to result in treatment failure, emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance, and ultimately a rise in mortality rate. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of four commonly used antimicrobials marketed in the cities of Dire Dawa and Jijiga and the town of Togo-Wuchale, which have high potential for illegal drug trade activities in Ethiopia because they are located near the border with Somalia. A total of 54 brands/samples of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin formulations were collected covertly from 43 facilities using a convenience sampling strategy from March 16 to March 29, 2022. The samples were first screened using Global Pharma Health Fund (GPHF)-Minilab protocols and then analyzed using U.S. Pharmacopoeial and British Pharmacopoeia official methods. The quality evaluation detected no falsified product; however, it showed that 14.3% of the samples failed the GPHF-Minilab screening test semiquantitatively. Overall, 22.2% of the products analyzed did not meet any of pharmacopoeial specifications assessed: 13%, 12.2%, and 11.1% of the products failed in assay, dissolution, and weight variation, respectively. Additionally, 56.3% of amoxicillin samples, 60% of amoxicillin/clavulanate, 20% of ciprofloxacin, and 54.5% of norfloxacin samples were found to be pharmaceutically nonequivalent with their respective comparator products regarding dissolution profiles. The study showed the presence of substandard antimicrobial medicines in the eastern Ethiopian market.
Environmental Detection of Parasites in the Marginalized Paiute Reservations Compared to a Nearby Area
Authors: McKim Shannon , Kopystynsky Kristen , Wolf Nathaniel , Akbar Fahim A. , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Hotez Peter J. , Mejia Rojelio 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT.
The amounts of parasite DNA in soil samples from different playgrounds and other public areas can help identify areas of possible microbe transmission and give indications of the possible occurrence of parasite infection in nearby communities. We collected 207 soil samples from parks in Paiute indigenous tribal areas in southwestern Utah and from the higher income city of St. George, Utah, and tested them for 11 parasites that can cause human disease. Molecular tests revealed an elevated odds ratio (OR) of 3.072 (range, 1.114–8.065) for detecting the helminth Trichuris trichiura and an elevated OR of 3.036 (range, 1.101–7.966) for any protozoa (not including Acanthamoeba) in the tribal land playgrounds compared with St. George parks. These findings support previous studies showing that areas in lower socioeconomic communities, especially marginalized communities, tend to have more parasites in the soil, which may lead to higher disease prevalence rates.
Five Key Articles on Curriculum Development for Graduate Medical Educators
Authors: Lai Steven , Buchheit Bradley M. , Kitamura Kellie , Cook Mackenzie R. , Yarris Lalena M. , Chen Grace , Kwon Amy , Jordan Jaime 
Published: February 2024

Background Curriculum development is an essential domain for medical educators, yet specific training in this area is inconsistent. With competing demands for educators’ time, a succinct resource for best practice is needed.
Objective To create a curated list of the most essential articles on curriculum development to guide education scholars in graduate medical education.
Methods We used a modified Delphi method, a systematic consensus strategy to increase content validity, to achieve consensus on the most essential curriculum development articles. We convened a panel of 8 experts from the United States in curricular development, with diverse career stages, institutions, gender, and specialty. We conducted a literature search across PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords, such as “curriculum development” and “curricular design,” to identify relevant articles focusing on a general overview or approach to curriculum development. Articles were reviewed across 3 iterative Delphi rounds to narrow down those that should be included in a list of the most essential articles on curriculum development.
Results Our literature search yielded 1708 articles, 90 of which were selected for full-text review, and 26 of which were identified as appropriate for the modified Delphi process. We had a 100% response rate for each Delphi round. The panelists narrowed the articles to a final list of 5 articles, with 4 focusing on the development of new curriculum and 1 on curriculum renewal.
Conclusions We developed a curated list of 5 essential articles on curriculum development that is broadly applicable to graduate medical educators.
An Embedded Curriculum to Teach Critical Incident Debriefing to Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Wykowski James H. , Merel Susan , Starks Helene , Berger Gabrielle , Shepherd Amanda , Gibbon Lindsay , Kritek Patricia A. , Hicks Katherine G. 
Published: February 2024

Background Internal medicine residents frequently experience distressing clinical events; critical event debriefing is one tool to help mitigate their effects.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a 1-hour workshop teaching residents a novel, efficient approach to leading a team debrief after emotionally charged clinical events.
Methods An internal needs assessment identified time and confidence as debriefing barriers. In response, we created the STREAM (Structured, Timely, Reflection, tEAM-based) framework, a 15-minute structured approach to leading a debrief. Senior residents participated in a 1-hour workshop on the first day of an inpatient medicine rotation to learn the STREAM framework. To evaluate learning outcomes, participants completed the same survey immediately before and after the session, and at the end of their 4-week rotation. Senior residents at another site who did not complete the workshop also evaluated their comfort leading debriefs.
Results Fifty out of 65 senior residents (77%) participated in the workshop. After the workshop, participants felt more prepared to lead debriefs, learned a structured format for debriefing, and felt they had enough time to lead debriefs. Thirty-four of 50 (68%) workshop participants and 20 of 41 (49%) comparison residents completed the end-of-rotation survey. Senior residents who participated in the workshop were more likely than nonparticipants to report feeling prepared to lead debriefs.
Conclusions A brief workshop is an effective method for teaching a framework for leading a team debrief.
Improving Pediatric Fellows’ Feedback Skills and Confidence Through Objective Structured Examinations
Authors: Yu Jennifer C. , Rhee Kyung E. , Dworsky Zephyr D. , Larrow Annie , Passarelli Patrick , Patel Aarti 
Published: February 2024

Background Medical trainees must learn how to provide effective feedback as an essential communication skill, yet few models exist for training and assessing these skills.
Objective To develop an observed structured feedback examination (OSFE) to provide feedback training to pediatric fellows and assess changes in skills and self-reported confidence.
Methods This educational study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at an academic children’s hospital. Our team developed the OSFE and trained standardized feedback recipients and faculty. Fellows completed baseline self-assessments (31 items) on prior exposure to feedback training, application of skills, and confidence. They then participated in the OSFE, giving feedback to a standardized recipient using a standardized scenario, and were scored by faculty and recipients using a 15-item checklist for performance. Next, fellows participated in feedback training and received individualized feedback, after which they repeated the OSFE and confidence self-assessment. Three months later, fellows completed self-assessments on confidence and application of skills and another OSFE to assess retention. Descriptive statistics and signed rank sum test were used for analysis.
Results Of 60 eligible fellows, 19 participated (32%), with 100% follow-up. After training and individualized feedback, all fellows improved feedback skills as measured by OSFE performance (mean change +0.89). All items, measured on a 5-point Likert scale, were sustained 3 months later (mean change +0.92). All fellows reported improved confidence in feedback knowledge (mean change +2.07 post, +1.67 3 months post).
Conclusions Feedback training using simulation and individualized feedback moderately improved fellows’ performance, confidence, and 3-month retention of feedback skills.
Fellowship Accreditation: Experiences From Health Care Simulation Experts
Authors: Musits Andrew N. , Khan Humera , Cassara Michael , McKenna Ryan T. , Penttila Atte , Ahmed Rami A. , Wong Ambrose H. 
Published: February 2024

Background The field of health care simulation continues to grow, accompanied by a proliferation of fellowship programs, leading to fellowship accreditation efforts. There is controversy around the best approach to accreditation.
Objective The authors sought to understand perspectives of simulation leaders on fellowship accreditation to best inform the growth and maturation of fellowship accreditation.
Methods In 2020, simulation leaders identified through snowball sampling were invited to participate in a qualitative study. During one-on-one semistructured interviews, participants were asked about experiences as simulation leaders and their perspective on the purpose and impact of accreditation. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis informed by a phenomenology framework was performed using a masked open coding technique with iterative refinement. The resulting codes were organized into themes and subthemes.
Results A total of 45 simulation experts participated in interviews ranging from 25 to 67 minutes. Participants described discord and lack of consensus regarding simulation fellowship accreditation, which included a spectrum of opinions ranging from readiness for accreditation pathways to concern and avoidance. Participants also highlighted how context drove the perception of accreditation value for programs and individuals, including access to resources and capital. Finally, potential impacts from accreditation included standardization of training programs, workforce concerns, and implications for professional societies.
Conclusions Simulation leaders underscored how the value of accreditation is dependent on context. Additional subthemes included reputation and resource variability, balancing standardization with flexibility and innovation, and implications for professional societies.
Assessing the Chemical Durability of Textured Glass-Coat for Building Application
Authors: Adejo A.O. , Samuel G.A. 
Published: February 2024

The need to assess the chemical properties of coats produced for building applications is of essence, especially in an acidic or alkaline environment. To determine this property, this study investigates the reactions of textured Glass-coat to chemicals. Samples of textured glass-coat developed from Post Consumer Glass (PCG) were subjected to Adhesion test (ASTM D3359), pH test (ASTM D5464), Chemical resistance test (ASTM D3260 and D1308), and Abrasion test (ASTM D4060). Results show an adhesion of 4A and a pH of 8.50 respectively. The chemical resistance result shows the following: A 5% flick rate was observed when reacted with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution; decolouration with the following solutions was observed: Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) 3% decolouration, Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) 5% decolouration , Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 7% decolouration and NaOH10% decolouration was observed. Also, the analysis show that the coat exhibits 0.2g abrasion rate. The results from the analysis confirm that the developed textured glass-coat is in line with the pH standard which ranged from 8–9 (ASTM D5464), significant resistant to acid and base solutions were observed except for HF, NaOH, KOH and Mg(OH)2 where a negligible flick rate and colouration defects was observed. Also, based on the result, an excellent adhesion and abrasion properties was established. Finding shows that the developed Glass-coat exhibits excellent resistant to chemical degradation especially in an acidic situation and it is recommended as a suitable engineering material for building applications.
Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction in Lokoja-Nigeria: Major Problems Experienced and the Way Forward
Authors: Adaji A.A. , Mohamed S. , Sani T.A. , Marafa M. , Enape U.A. , Dauda A. 
Published: February 2024

There is an observable increase in the frequency of natural disasters (floods) in recent times and the appalling nature of destruction emanating from natural disasters on housing has become a global concern and is putting everyone on their feet to find out strategy to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of post disaster undertakings. Housing reconstruction which is supposed to give succour to the disaster affected people often fail due to some issues. This study considered the major issues that are peculiar to the Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction (PDHR) settings in the study area since each setting is confronted with different impediments. This was done through a self-administration of structured questionnaires to 257 flood victims directly or indirectly involved in the reconstruction projects. Findings indicated unethical conducts of professionals and non-engagement of beneficiaries or communities during reconstruction. These indicators are threats to the success of PDHR projects. Therefore, offering beneficiaries the opportunity to meaningfully contribute in reconstruction affairs that is to shape their lives in terms of housing and livelihoods, will in no small level minimize problems experienced in PDHR. This will deliver a more sustainable and resilient PDHR development where satisfaction and acceptability of the project will be evident, and the donor will have value for his money.