bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced 12C(α,γ)16O reaction unveils the formation of single CEMP stars
Authors: Guo Bing , Fu Guangyong , An Zhendong , Jin Shilun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The chemical abundances of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars contain plentiful information of the elemental nucleosynthesis in the early universe. Four CEMP-s stars were identified as single stars by monitoring their radial velocities. It hence challenges a longstanding assumption that this type of star is formed in the binary system, where the enriched heavy elements are transferred from the companion. Here, we report an explanation by the influence of the enhanced 12C(α,γ)16O reaction in the nucleosynthesis inside of these single stars themselves, which no longer relies on the transfer of the materials from the companion. This key reaction consumes 12C, and then reduces the amount of neutrons via the neutron source reaction 13C(α,n)16O in which 13C is produced through the proton capture reaction on 12C and the following beta decay of 13N. Therefore, the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction rate affects the evolution of the heavy elements produced by neutron capture reactions of the s-process in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars critically. We found that in a sufficiently hot and dense astrophysical environment the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction rate is increased by a factor of 8.1 at typical temperature of 0.1 GK in inner AGB stars and the enhancements even exceed a factor of 10 at higher temperatures due to change of the effective width of the excited state of 16O. Such enhancement suppresses the production of heavy elements formed by the s-process. The resulting suppression of the elements heavier than barium well matches the observations of single CEMP-s stars, thus effectually explains their formation without any companions. The result also convincingly answers the chemical abundances of a CEMP-r+s star, which is a new type of single CEMP star uniquely identified in recent years. The origin of this star, therefore, can be explained by the s-process components produced with the enhanced 12C(α,γ)16O reaction in the AGB phase plus enriched r-process matters from earlier explosive events in the environment.
PCAGroupAdam: A PCA-Based Deep Learning Framework with Custom Optimization for Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Classification in High-Dimensional Gene Expression Data
Authors: Şaşmazlar Ahmet Emir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

High-dimensional gene expression datasets present unique challenges in cancer biomarker discovery and classification. Here, we propose a novel deep learning framework incorporating principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction and a custom optimizer, PCAGroupAdam, for effective gradient scaling. The framework was tested on multiple gene expression datasets, achieving superior classification performance compared to traditional optimizers (Adam, RMSprop, SGD). Key findings include the identification of biologically relevant genes such as AGR2, TSPAN8, and GAPDH, which were linked to cancer progression using SHAP analysis and validated through functional annotation (GO/KEGG) and STRING protein-protein interaction analysis and an unknown functioned lncRNA found to be correlated with breast cancer. Our approach demonstrates strong performance like high accuracy, f1 scores and significantly reduced loss values, interpretable results, and scalability to various high-dimensional omics datasets.
REAP1/AtSWAP70 Integrates RAB5 and ROP Signaling During Sexual Reproduction
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Ito Emi , Hirano Tomoko , Sato Masa , Ebine Kazuo , Nakano Akihiko , Uemura Tomohiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily are critical regulators of diverse cellular processes. While cross-talk between their signaling pathways has been documented in animals, similar mechanisms remain unexplored in plants, where small GTPases have undergone unique evolutionary diversification. Here, we identify REAP1/AtSWAP70 as a novel effector in Arabidopsis thaliana that interacts with the active forms of both canonical RAB5 and the plant-specific RAB5, ARA6. Remarkably, REAP1 also binds to active ROP7, a plant-unique Rac-type GTPase, via its DH domain. REAP1 localizes to endosomes and facilitates ROP7 recruitment from the plasma membrane, a process dependent on RAB5 activity. Genetic analyses reveal that the RAB5-REAP1-ROP7 signaling cascade is essential for gametogenesis, impacting pollen viability and development. This study provides the evidence of functional cross-talk between RAB and ROP signaling in plants, unveiling a novel layer of regulatory complexity in plant GTPase signaling during plant reproduction.
Human cardiac tissues produce lower contractile stress and exhibit slower cross-bridge cycling in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Musgrave Julia H , Han June-Chiew , Ward Marie-Louise , Kang Nicholas , Taberner Andrew J , Tran Kenneth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus elevates the risk of developing heart failure and increases associated mortality rates. While the clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been extensively studied, the effects of diabetes and associated changes in metabolic state on contractile cross-bridge function are less well-understood. Using our suite of experimental methods designed to measure cross-bridge kinetics and metabolite sensitivity, we aim to elucidate the mechanistic pathways by which cross-bridge alterations contribute to the organ-level dysfunction observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Methods: Atrial trabeculae from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients without heart failure were perme- abilised and subjected to a series of experiments to measure their cross-bridge function and sensitivity to metabo- lites. Muscle active stress production and muscle active complex modulus measurements were gathered across different concentrations of ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) for the two groups of muscles. To link these func- tional data to tissue structural alterations, confocal imaging was performed to quantify the trabecula myofilament content and SWATH-MS was performed to measure the composition of myosin isoforms.
Results: Diabetic trabeculae generated 20 % lower active stress and had 16 % lower cross-bridge stiffness on 15 average. The reduction in active stress production can be attributed to a lower density of myocytes in the diabetic muscles. The diabetic trabeculae also had a 24 % reduction in characteristic frequencies, reflecting slower cross- bridge cycling kinetics. This result was consistent with the measurement of a reduced fraction of the alpha myosin isoform in this group of patients. The interaction between diabetic status and metabolites was more complex. Although we found that diabetes did not affect the force response to changes in ATP or Pi concentrations, we found 20 that the stiffness of cross-bridges had a lower sensitivity to ATP in diabetic tissues.
Conclusions: Our key results point to potential mechanisms of clinical dysfunction in diabetic heart tissue. Lower active force production in diabetic trabeculae suggests that these patients are developing systolic dysfunc- tion. Furthermore, slower cross-bridges can contribute to diastolic dysfunction, especially at higher heart rates, by prolonging cardiac relaxation.
Computation of Water Quality Index and Its Estimation Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Banerjee Kakoli , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Ajay , Upreti Kamal , Mahajan Shubham , Nasir Mohammad Shahnawaz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Water quality is an essential measure for maintaining health and quality of life. In this study, the water quality index has been computed for Gautam Buddha Nagar using the Brown et al. method by collection of 51 groundwater samples. For this purpose, six physicochemical water parameters were analysed, namely pH, Hardness, Turbidity, C.O.D., D.O. and B.O.D. The readings indicate that the groundwater condition of Gautam Buddha Nagar is extremely poor. The computation of the Water Quality Index is a complex task. The study found that when all input variables are available, Machine Learning Techniques can be employed to vastly reduce the complexity in the computation while giving a high accuracy of 99.99% using Linear Regression, followed by an accuracy of 99.97% using Support Vector Regressor. Collection of input data is a time-consuming and costly process, therefore, the dimensionality of the input data was reduced through correlation analysis in an attempt to compute the water quality index by using just a single parameter. The best score of 81.05% was obtained using Linear Regression when Turbidity was used as the only feature, due to its high correlation with the target variable. The algorithms used for this analysis are: Linear Regression, Support Vector Regressor, Decision Tree and Random Forest Regressor.
Regulation of Remote Sites to Enhance Pt Activity in the Hydrogenation of Sulfur-Containing Nitroarenes
Authors: Yang Qihua , Zhao Zhenchao , Chen Haitao , Ling Zongpeng , Yu Jie , Cheng Tao , Yang Jingru , Zhao Xuefang , Chen Yunuo , Liu Xin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Outer-sphere catalysis, commonly associated with enzyme catalysis and homogeneous catalysis, utilizes remote sites to drive reactions and is particularly effective for reactants that are toxic to the catalyst. However, this approach has been rarely explored in heterogeneous catalysis. In this study, we demonstrate the use of remote sites to enhance the activity of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in the hydrogenation of sulfur-containing nitroarenes. Catalysts with Pt and MoO3 co-deposited on TiO2 efficiently catalyze the hydrogenation of 5-nitrobenzothiazole (NBZ) under mild conditions, achieving a conversion rate of 5448 molNBZ · molPt⁻¹ · h⁻¹, the highest reported to date, even with ppm levels of Pt. The optimized Pt density (~ 3 NPs per 1×104 nm2) on the catalyst was found to favor HxMoO3 mediated sequential H transfer from Pt to Mo and subsequently to the substrate. Higher Pt density may enhance H transfer to Mo, but the hydrogenation process becomes limited by the availability of HxMoO3 for further H transfer to the substrate, revealing the intrinsic reason for the high activity of catalysts with ppm Pt. A direct H transfer pathway via HxMoO3 to the substrate, rather than solvent-mediated proton-coupled electron transfer, was observed and confirmed through solvent isotope kinetic effects and solvent studies. Tuning remote sites on solid catalysts offers a promising strategy for developing catalysts with the minim use of precious metals in the hydrogenation of strongly coordinating reactants.
Genome-wide pleiotropy analysis reveals shared architecture between renal traits and gastrointestinal tract diseases
Authors: Li Si , Wu Shuang , Jiang Minghui , Shao Zhonghe , Kong Yifang , Guan Yunlong , Cao Xi , Hao Xingjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: Comorbidities between gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and renal diseases have been widely reported, but the shared genetic architecture of gut and renal traits remains unclear.
Objective: To investigate the shared genetic etiology and causal relationships between traits or diseases involved in the gut-renal axis.
Methods: We explored the global and local genetic correlations, pleiotropic effects at variants and gene levels, causal associations between pair-wise renal traits and GIT diseases, as well as potential target drugs by using the latest large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of five renal traits (BUN, eGFR, CKD, IgAN, KSD) and four GIT diseases (PUD, GORD, IBD, IBS).
Results: Renal traits and GIT diseases were widely genetically correlated globally and locally across eight of 20 trait pairs (BUN-GORD, BUN-IBD, BUN-IBS, CKD-IBD, IgAN-IBD, KSD-PUD, KSD-GORD, KSD-IBS). Pleiotropic analysis identified 222 pleiotropic loci and prioritized 169 pleiotropic genes for 20 trait pairs, including 21 novel loci that were not significant in the original GWASs, 21 colocalized loci, as well as 29 drug-targeting genes. Among the novel loci, rs3129861 in HLA-DRA gene was potentially causal for BUN-GORD (PP4 = 0.814). KIF5B is a causal gene for eGFR-IBD and CKD-IBD trait pairs, colocalized by rs12572072 (PP4 = 0.929) and rs61844306 (PP4 = 0.898), both of which are significant eQTLs of KIF5B expressed in cultured fibroblasts cells. CKD and IBD were also colocalized in PVALEF with PP4 = 0.800 for rs138610699. In addition, rs6873866 was identified as a shared casual variant in ERAP2 by IgAN and IBD with PP4=0.800, and rs6873866-C allele was negatively associated with ERAP2 expression in multiple tissues. Furthermore, tissue and cell-type specific enrichment analysis found that pleiotropic loci were over-expressed in the kidney cortex, immune-related tissues and cell types. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed IgAN was negatively associated with IBD, and nominal significant effects were observed for IgAN on IBS, PUD and GORD on eGFR.
Conclusion: These findings suggested the shared genetic architecture between renal traits and GIT diseases, and highlighted the potential of pleiotropic analyses in drug repurposing for comorbidities of diseases in the gut-renal axis.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on CAF-Related Genes: Unveiling the Role of COX6A1 in Cancer Progression and CAF Infiltration
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Li Bo , Qin Lexin , Liang Tingting , Hu Wentao , Li Jianxiang , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predominant subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presents significant challenges in early diagnosis and personalized treatment. Recent research has focused on the role of the tumor microenvironment, particularly tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), in tumor progression. This study systematically analyzed CAF immune infiltration-related genes to construct a prognostic model for LUAD, confirming its predictive value for patient outcomes. The risk score derived from CAF-related genes (CAFRGs) was negatively correlated with immune microenvironment scores and linked to the expression of immune checkpoint genes, indicating that high-risk patients may exhibit immune escape characteristics. Analysis via the TIDE tool revealed that low-risk patients had more active T-cell immune responses. The risk score also correlated with anti-tumor drug sensitivity, particularly to doramapimod. Notably, COX6A1 emerged as a key gene in the model, with its upregulation associated with immune cell infiltration and immune escape. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that COX6A1 regulates LUAD cell migration, proliferation, and senescence, suggesting its role in tumor immune evasion. Additionally, further co-culture studies of lung cancer cells and fibroblasts revealed that COX6A1 knockdown promotes the expression of CAF-related cytokines, enhancing CAF infiltration. Overall, this study provides a foundation for personalized treatment of LUAD and highlights COX6A1 as a promising therapeutic target within the tumor immune microenvironment, guiding future clinical research.
Prognostic significance of preoperative abdominal fat thickness for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shengqiang , Xu Longjie , Gao Dekang , Zhang Hongbo , Wei Shaohua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of abdominal fat thickness (AFT) as a predictor of outcomes for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods: Between August 2016 and March 2023, we retrospectively gathered data on 148 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for PDAC at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soocho-w University. We conducted a comparative analysis of laboratory results and radiological features between patients who developed postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and those who did not. To identify predictive factors, we employed both univariate and multivariate analytical methods.Furthermore,we conducted prognostic assessments for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), taking into account AFT and various patient-related factors.
Result: POPF developed in 46 patients (31.1%). AFT>74.2mm was associated with a risk of POPF, high body mass index (BMI), operation time and soft pancreatic texture. Patients with POPF were significantly more likely to have high BMI (>23.2 kg/m2),Intra-abdominal infection, and high AFT than patients without POPF. In the multivariate analysis, high AFT (OR,13.678;95% CI,1.848-101.236;p=0.01) was the sole independent predictive factor for POPF. Compared with PDAC patients with low AFT values, high AFT patients showed significantly worse OS (HR,2.646; 95% CI, 1.516,4.618;p =0.001) and RFS (HR, 3.612; 95% CI, 1.949,6.693; p <0.001).
Conclusion: Patients who have experienced POPF have been shown to exhibit a high correlation with AFT. Among the various parameters examined, AFT has emerged as an independent predictive factor for clinically significant POPF. Additionally,our cohort study showed that AFT was associated with poor clinical outcomes in PDAC patients following surgical resection.
Fetal Gestational Age Estimation Using AI on Simple Ultrasound Images and Video
Authors: Benson Martin , Walton Sacha , Hartley Tom , Meagher Simon , Seshadri Suresh , Sleep Nicholas , Papageorghiou Aris T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Accurate gestational age (GA) estimation is essential for prenatal care, guiding fetal growth assessment and medical interventions. Ultrasound-based biometric measurements, though more reliable than last menstrual period, require high sonographic expertise and are time-consuming, posing challenges, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model that estimates GA from any fetal ultrasound images regardless of orientation or standard plane, reducing reliance on sonographic skill, to increase accessibility.
Methods:
We trained a deep learning model on a large, diverse dataset of over 2 million ultrasound images from three continents (Australia, India, and the UK). The model was trained to estimate GA from ultrasound images without requiring specific biometric planes or measurements. It outputs a GA estimate alongside an uncertainty level, based on image quality and type. Validation was performed using independent datasets of ultrasound images and videos, with comparison against standard biometric measurements across all trimesters.
Findings:
The AI model consistently produced GA estimates that were at least as accurate as those derived from traditional biometry, with a mean absolute error (MAE) significantly lower than biometry in the second trimester (p < 0.001) and comparable in the third trimester. Subanalysis by country and maternal BMI demonstrated the model's robustness across different sub-populations. The model also accurately estimated GA on video datasets, producing a confident estimate after a median of 24 seconds of video.
Interpretation:
This AI-based GA estimation method, trained from retrospective clinical data, is at least accurate and gold-standard fetal biometry. By significantly reducing the skill level required by sonologists, this approach holds potential to improve prenatal care in resource-limited settings and democratize access to ultrasound-based GA estimation globally.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cell-Free DNA Blood-Based Tests in Screening for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Kharel Archana , Bhagat Umesh , Hudgi Amit , Randhawa Navkiran , Cheema Asfand Yar , Moazzami Bobak , Mohan Babu , Srid Subbaramiah , Sifuentes Humberto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screenings have significantly reduced mortality rate. Recently, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) blood-based tests have emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic modality showing potential for higher compliance and earlier detection rate. This meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of cfDNA blood-based test for detecting CRC.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted across databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane up to May 2024. Studies assessing cfDNA tests for CRC screening were included. Sensitivity, specificity, true positive (TP), and true negative (TN) values were extracted and pooled using a random effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via I² statistics.
Results
Sixteen studies, involving 15,591 participants, were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75–0.86) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89–0.96), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) indicated high diagnostic accuracy. Positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 12.104 (95% CI: 7.044–20.798), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.201 (95% CI: 0.148–0.274), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 60.173 (95% CI: 30.268–119.622).
Conclusion
The cfDNA assay shows high diagnostic accuracy for CRC screening. Future studies are needed to compare its performance to colonoscopy and assess its cost-effectiveness in reducing CRC-related mortality.
Electrical Tuning of Optical Stark Effect in Monolayer WS2
Authors: Liu Haiyun , Zhang Xiu , Qin Ting-Xiao , Zhu Junzhi , Huang Haiyun , Zhang Mengdi , Xiang Baixu , Xiong Qihua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Upon excitation by a strong coherent light field, photon-dressed states form and hybridize with equilibrium states, leading to transient band renormalization, a phenomenon known as the optical Stark effect (OSE). It offers a compelling approach to engineer the electronic structure, valley degeneracy and non-equilibrium topological properties on ultrafast timescales. Extensive research has been conducted on the optical control of the OSE by modulating the optical pump fluence, detuning energy and polarization. Herein, we present the electrical tuning of valley-selective OSE in a back-gated monolayer WS2 device using helicity-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). Our results reveal a linear relationship between the OSE-induced blue shift and gate voltage with a slope of -0.07 meV/V. The mechanism involves the enhanced transition dipole moment as the device approaches charge neutrality through the photoinjected hole density. In addition, the exciton oscillator strength is found to scale linearly with the OSE-induced blue shift, under the conditions of fixed pump fluence and photon energy. Our study demonstrates the electrical tuning as an additional degree of freedom for Floquet engineering, and offering profound insights into coherent light-matter interaction in 2D materials.