bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food groups and the risk of colorectal carcinoma in an Asian population
Authors: Seow Adeline , Quah Stella R. , Nyam Denis , Straughan Paulin T. , Chua Terrence , Aw Tar‐Choon 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSingapore Chinese have experienced a rapid transition toward a pattern of disease in which lifestyle‐related, chronic, degenerative diseases are major public health concerns. The rates of colorectal carcinoma have increased 2‐fold over the last 3 decades. It has long been known that dietary factors play a role in the risk of this disease, although studies in Asian populations, with their unique dietary intake, have been few.METHODSThe authors conducted a population‐based case‐control study that included 121 Chinese patients with colorectal carcinoma and 222 healthy control participants who provided information on usual intake of major food groups in the preceding 3 years, physical activity, family history of colorectal carcinoma, and demographic variables through an in‐person questionnaire.RESULTSHigh intake of red meat, but not other meats, indicated a predisposition to risk of colorectal carcinoma (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile, 2.2; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.1–4.2). A low vegetable intake also was associated with a higher risk, and the combined effect appeared to be additive. Those in the highest tertile of meat intake and the lowest quartile of vegetable intake had an OR of 2.6 (95%CI, 1.0–6.7). The authors observed a slight, albeit nonsignificant, positive association with foods high in refined sugars. There was no association observed with fruit or soy‐legume intake in this study. Among nondietary variables, a family history of colorectal carcinoma conferred a significant increase in risk (OR, 6.7; 95% CI 2.4–18.7).CONCLUSIONSMeat intake and vegetable intake were associated significantly with risk of colorectal carcinoma in this Asian population, and further studies on the effects of changes in these specific types of food may shed light on how best to reduce the rapid increase in rates in similar populations. Cancer 2002;95:2390–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10971
Combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cryotherapy and surgical resection for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Rivoire Michel , De Cian Franco , Meeus Pierre , Négrier Sylvie , Sebban Henri , Kaemmerlen Pierre 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis retrospective study was conducted to assess the safety, efficacy, and long‐term results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cryotherapy as additional means for eradicating liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma when curative treatment was not possible by resection alone.METHODSBetween January 1996 and December 1997, 131 patients with unresectable liver metastases were referred to our department and received chemotherapy. After 3–6 months of chemotherapy, curative surgery of liver metastases was considered possible in 57 patients, either by resection alone in 33 patients (25%) or cryotherapy associated with resection in 24 patients (18%). Characteristics and survival of patients in the cryotherapy plus resection group were compared with those of the 33 patients in the resection group.RESULTSAll patients in the resection group had partial response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In the cryotherapy plus resection group, neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in 13 partial responses, 9 stable diseases, and 2 disease progressions. The rate of postoperative complications in the entire series was 14%. No major difference was seen between the two groups. After a median follow‐up of 48 months, the median survival time was 39 months. The survival rates at 1, 3, and 4 years were similar in both groups: 94, 58, and 37% in the resection group and 92, 50, and 36% in the cryotherapy plus resection group, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, cryotherapy, and liver resection constitutes a promising treatment strategy for patients with extremely advanced metastatic liver involvement. Patients having more than four liver metastases from a colorectal carcinoma or patients with a poor liver reserve due to previous resection should be screened carefully to determine whether they could be candidates for this procedure. Cancer 2002;95:2283–92. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10973
Identification of distinct protein expression patterns in bilateral matched pair breast ductal fluid specimens from women with unilateral invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Kuerer Henry M. , Goldknopf Ira L. , Fritsche Herbert , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Sheta Essam A. , Hunt Kelly K. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnalysis of the biochemical and cellular contents of breast ductal fluid has recently gained attention as a potential noninvasive method for studying the local microenvironment associated with the development and progression of breast carcinoma.METHODSPatients with unilateral primary invasive breast carcinoma were eligible for the current prospective pilot study. Nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) was obtained from the breast with cancer and the normal contralateral breast and subjected to two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Computer‐assisted image analysis was used to analyze NAF protein expression profiles.RESULTSThe number of separate protein spots detected in NAF samples ranged from 1280 to 1649. Substantial qualitative differences were identified between NAF protein expression patterns in the breast with cancer compared with the breast without cancer. Protein spots detected in the breast with cancer and not in the breast without cancer from the same patient varied from 30 to 202 different proteins. In addition, the number of protein spots detected in the breast without cancer and not in the breast with cancer of the same patient varied from 14 to 73 different proteins. Conversely, in an individual without breast carcinoma, only three protein spots were detected in the left breast but not the right breast, and only two were detected in the right breast but not the left breast.CONCLUSIONSThe breast is a unique organ in that its microenvironment can be readily accessed and evaluated by aspiration of fluid from the nipple. Breast ductal fluid contains a large number of proteins. As breasts are paired organs, comparisons of ductal fluid from a breast with cancer and the same patient's normal contralateral breast may reveal significant differences in protein expression associated with breast carcinoma. Recent advances in image analysis, automated mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics have provided the tools necessary to use ductal fluids from breast carcinoma patients for high‐throughput biomarker discovery. Cancer 2002;95:2276–82. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10974
Risk factors for urinary bladder carcinoma in postmenopausal women
Authors: Tripathi Apeksha , Folsom Aaron R. , Anderson Kristin E. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe evaluated prospectively the association of smoking and other potential risk factors with bladder carcinoma incidence in postmenopausal women.METHODSA total of 37,459 women participating in the Iowa Women's Health Study completed baseline questionnaires in 1986 and were followed 13 years for bladder carcinoma incidence (n = 112).RESULTSAdjusted for potential confounders, the relative risk (RR) of bladder carcinoma in women who were current smokers compared with those who had never smoked was 3.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.86–6.88). The RR declined as years since quitting increased. Currently, married women, compared with unmarried women, had a RR of 0.66 (95% CI = 0.44–0.99). A 2.46‐fold (95% CI = 1.32–4.59) increase in bladder carcinoma risk was identified for women who reported, versus did not report, diabetes. Regular versus no physical activity (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.43–1.01) and body mass index were inversely associated (P = 0.06) with bladder carcinoma incidence.CONCLUSIONSWe confirmed that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for bladder carcinoma in women; women who had quit smoking had a reduction of risk. We also identified diabetes as a potential risk factor, which may invite more research on its role in the development of urinary bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:2316–23. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10975
Decongestive lymphatic therapy for patients with breast carcinoma‐associated lymphedema
Authors: Szuba Andrzej , Achalu Radha , Rockson Stanley G. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDisruption of the lymphatic circulation through breast carcinoma‐associated axillary lymph node dissection, with or without radiation therapy, reportedly is the most common cause of lymphedema in developed countries. There is no cure for breast carcinoma‐associated lymphedema. Although intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) has been acknowledged as a potential component of the multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with breast carcinoma‐associated lymphedema, prospective study of its adjunctive safety and efficacy is required.METHODSIPC was assessed as a component of the initial therapeutic regimen for newly treated patients with breast carcinoma‐associated lymphedema. Twenty‐three patients who had not previously been treated for lymphedema were randomized to receive either decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) alone or DLT with daily adjunctive IPC. Patients with stable, treated, breast carcinoma‐associated lymphedema also were assessed in the maintenance phase of therapy. Twenty‐seven patients were randomized either to DLT alone or to DLT coupled with daily IPC. In both studies, objective assessment included serial measurement of volume by water displacement, tissue tonometry to assess elasticity of the skin, and goniometry to measure joint mobility.RESULTSDuring initial treatment, the addition of IPC to standard DLT yielded an additional mean volume reduction (45.3% vs. 26%; P < 0.05). During maintenance DLT alone, there was a mean increase in volume (32.7 ± 115.2 mL); with DLT and IPC, there was a mean volume reduction (89.5 ± 195.5 mL; P < 0.05). In both studies, IPC was tolerated well without detectable adverse effects on skin elasticity or joint range of motion.CONCLUSIONSWhen IPC is used adjunctively with other, established elements of DLT, it provides an enhancement of the therapeutic response. IPC is well tolerated and remarkably free of complications. Cancer 2002;95:2260–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10976
Pulmonary complications in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer
Authors: Mertens Ann C. , Yasui Yutaka , Liu Yan , Stovall Marilyn , Hutchinson Ray , Ginsberg Jill , Sklar Charles , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Childhood Cancer Survivor Study is a resource that was designed to investigate long‐term effects among 5‐year survivors of childhood and adolescent malignancies. Previous studies have shown that exposure to chemotherapy and/or radiation can compromise pulmonary function in these survivors of childhood cancer.METHODSUsing information obtained from questionnaires from 12,390 childhood cancer survivors and 3546 randomly selected siblings, the authors evaluated the rate of first occurrence of 15 selected pulmonary conditions in three periods: during therapy, from the end of therapy to 5 years postdiagnosis, and ≥ 5 years postdiagnosis. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the relative risks with 95% confidence intervals of reported pulmonary conditions by exposure to the following treatment variables: radiation therapy to the chest, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, busulfan, lomustine (CCNU), and/or carmustine (BCNU).RESULTSCompared with siblings, survivors had a statistically significant increased relative risk (RR) of lung fibrosis, recurrent pneumonia, chronic cough, pleurisy, use of supplemental oxygen, abnormal chest wall, exercise‐induced shortness of breath, bronchitis, recurrent sinus infection, and tonsillitis for all three periods. During the period of ≥ 5 years postdiagnosis, statistically significant associations were present for lung fibrosis and chest radiation (RR, 4.3; P = 0 001); for supplemental oxygen use and chest radiation (RR, 1.8; P < 0.001), BCNU (RR, 1.4; P = 0.05), bleomycin (RR, 1.7; P = 0.001), busulfan (RR, 3.2; P = 0.002), CCNU (RR, 2.1; P < 0.001), and cyclophosphamide (RR, 1.5; P = 0.01); for recurrent pneumonia and chest radiation (RR, 2.2; P = 0.001) and cyclophosphamide (RR, 1.6; P = 0.04); for chronic cough and chest radiation (RR, 2.0; P < 0.001), bleomycin (RR, 1.9; P < 0.001), and cyclophosphamide (RR, 1.3; P = 0.004); and for pleurisy and chest radiation (RR, 1.4; P = 0.02) and busulfan (RR, 5.1; P = 0.02). Chest radiation was associated with a 3.5% cumulative incidence of lung fibrosis at 20 years after diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSFor self‐report of pulmonary conditions, treatment‐related factors that continue to manifest > 5 years after diagnosis and treatment are important determinants of risk. Continued follow‐up of childhood cancer survivors is needed to evaluate the impact of pulmonary conditions on quality of life. Cancer 2002;95:2431–41. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10978
Antibody‐based screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma compared with microsatellite analysis and sequencing
Authors: Christensen Mariann , Katballe Niels , Wikman Friedrik , Primdahl Hanne , Sørensen Flemming B. , Laurberg Søren , Ørntoft Torben F. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDGermline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes, MSH2, MLH1, and others are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Due to the high costs of sequencing, cheaper screening methods are needed to identify HNPCC cases. Ideally, these methods should have a high sensitivity and identify all mutated cases without too many false‐positive cases.METHODSSequencing was compared with microsatellite analysis and immunohistochemistry to detect the presence or absence of the mismatch repair proteins. In the current study, the authors examined 42 patients with colorectal carcinoma of whom 11 met the Amsterdam criteria and 31 were suspected to belong to HNPCC families. Thirty‐five patients were examined by microsatellite analysis, 40 by immunohistochemical staining, and in 31 patients both the MLH1 and MSH2 genes were sequenced.RESULTSNinety‐two percent of patients with germ line mutations were detected by either immunohistochemistry or microsatellite instability, indicating that a combination of these methods may be suitable for HNPCC screening. Microsatellite instability and abnormal immunohistochemical staining were found in 73% of the tumors. Concordance among the three methods was found in 74 % of the tumors.CONCLUSIONSThe authors suggest that immunohistochemistry should be used in combination with microsatellite analysis to prescreen suspected HNPCC patients for the selection of cases where sequencing of the MLH1 and MSH2 mismatch repair genes is indicated. Cancer 2002;95:2422–30. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10979
Response predicting factors to recombinant human erythropoietin in cancer patients undergoing platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: González‐Barón Manolo , Ordóñez Amdio , Franquesa Rosa , Constenla Manuel , Montalar Joaquin , Gili Frederic , Camps Carlos , Sancho José Felix , Pérez‐Cachot Pedro 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe response to epoetin‐α treatment is hard to predict in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.METHODSOne hundred and seventeen patients were enrolled in this observational study. They had a hemoglobin (Hb) level less than or equal to 10.5 g/dL, were receiving platinum chemotherapy with three cycles pending, and they did not have an iron deficiency or hemolysis. Epoetin‐α was administered subcutaneously three times a week at a dose of 150 IU/kg. Ninety patients were examined.RESULTSResponse was defined as an increase in Hb of at least 2 g/dL during the treatment period. The response rate was 63.3%. The following data were compared between responders and nonresponders at the onset of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of epoetin therapy: Hb, reticulocytes, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation index, and endogenous erythropoietin levels. At baseline, these variables were similar for responders and nonresponders; after 2 weeks, responders showed higher Hb (P = 0.001) and transferrin levels (P = 0.042) and reticulocyte counts (P = 0.003); after 4 weeks, only the Hb level showed a significant difference (P < 0.0005). Changes from baseline in Hb level after 2 and 4 weeks correlated significantly (P < 0.01) with response. The change in Hb level at Week 4 was the best predictor. A change in Hb level of less than 0.5 g/dL was associated with a lack of response (predictive power, 71%); a change in Hb greater than or equal to 0.5 g/dL was associated with response (predictive power, 89%).CONCLUSIONSResponse to epoetin‐α treatment in cancer patients receiving platinum chemotherapy can be predicted from changes in Hb level after 4 weeks of therapy. Cancer 2002;95:2408–13. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10980
Ethical communication in clinical trials
Authors: Loh Winnie Y. , Butow Phyllis N. , Brown Richard F. , Boyle Frances 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDInformed consent has been proposed as the optimal method for ensuring the ethical entry of patients into clinical trials. However, it is known that problems with informed consent exist from the perspective of both patients and physicians. This has led to the suggestion that a third party, such as a research nurse or data manager, should be responsible for obtaining informed consent. The objective of this study was to explore the views of data managers concerning the nature, challenges, and rewards of their role and the similarities and differences between their role and that of physicians in obtaining informed consent.METHODSFour focus groups in three large teaching hospitals were conducted. Twenty‐one data managers who were involved in cancer or pain clinical trials participated. The focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and subjected to content analysis to identify themes.RESULTSData managers identified three primary roles complementary to that of physicians: information provision, quality assurance of the informed consent process, and ongoing support during the trial. Despite expressed concern that medical and drug company interests may lead to subtle coercion of the patient, participants did not support the notion that they may be solely responsible for the consent process. Participants described a range of ethical dilemmas they confronted, including patients asking them for medical details they could not provide and situations in which they felt that informed consent was compromised in some way, for example, dealing with situations in which the patient appeared to be entering the trial for the wrong reasons due to misunderstanding, need, or passivity. Effective functioning of the multidisciplinary team assisted data managers in performing their role. A range of training needs were identified, particularly communication skills training and trial start‐up briefing.CONCLUSIONSThe issues raised by these data managers have important implications for the successful conduct of clinical trials, particularly the need for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach at all levels of the informed‐consent process. Cancer 2002;95:2414–21. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.2002;10994
Chemoimmunotherapy with bleomycin, vincristine, lomustine, dacarbazine (BOLD), and human leukocyte interferon for metastatic uveal melanoma
Authors: Pyrhönen Seppo , Hahka‐Kemppinen Marjo , Muhonen Timo , Nikkanen Väinämö , Eskelin Sebastian , Summanen Paula , Tarkkanen Ahti , Kivelä Tero 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDA Phase II trial comprising patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (Stage IVB) was undertaken to determine the activity of bleomycin, vincristine, lomustine, and dacarbazine (BOLD) chemotherapy with human leukocyte interferon, as well as the progression‐free and overall survival of the patients according to the substage before treatment.METHODSTwenty‐two patients with histologically proven metastatic uveal melanoma received 15 mg of bleomycin (Days 2 and 5), 1 mg/m2 vincristine (Days 1 and 4), 200 mg/m2 dacarbazine (Days 1 to 5), and 80 mg lomustine (Day 1) every 4 weeks together with a leukocyte interferon preparation (3 × 106 IU daily for 6 weeks followed by 6 × 106 IU three times per week).RESULTSOf 20 evaluable patients, 3 (15%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0–38) obtained a partial objective response in hepatic and extrahepatic sites and 11 (55%; 95% CI 32–77) showed stable disease after receiving more than two cycles. The median progression‐free survival was 4 months (95% CI 2–10) and the median overall survival was 12 months (95% CI 8–22). Eleven patients who had favorable pretreatment characteristics (Stage IVBa) survived a median of 17 months (95% CI 4–37) whereas 10 patients with less favorable characteristics (Stage IVBb) survived a median of 11 months (95% CI 1–23). Moderate toxicity occurred with this outpatient regimen.CONCLUSIONSThe BOLD/human leukocyte interferon regimen had modest activity against metastatic uveal melanoma in hepatic and extrahepatic sites. The median overall survival approached that reported for more aggressive intrahepatic therapy regimens. Substage differences can significantly impact study outcomes. Therefore, substage information should be reported to facilitate comparisons between studies. Cancer 2002;95:2366–72. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10996
Response of extraabdominal desmoid tumors to therapy with imatinib mesylate
Authors: Mace Joseph , Sybil Biermann J. , Sondak Vernon , McGinn Cornelius , Hayes Curtis , Thomas Dafydd , Baker Laurence 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDesmoid tumor represents a rare monoclonal neoplasm arising from deep musculoaponeurotic structures and may occur sporadically or in association with the familial adenomatous polyposis and Gardner syndromes. Desmoid tumors do not appear to demonstrate metastatic potential; however, local infiltrative growth results in significant morbidity and potential mortality. Although the delineation of optimal therapy for desmoid tumors has been confounded by several factors, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy for a positive surgical margin remains the standard approach. Responses have been demonstrated to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, antiestrogen compounds, and a variety of other agents in small series. Imatinib mesylate appears to demonstrate inhibitory activity against multiple class 3 receptor tyrosine kinases, including platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)‐α and PDGFR‐β, as well as c‐kit.METHODSThe authors performed immunohistochemical and qualitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis on nine desmoid tumor specimens that demonstrated consistent positivity for c‐kit as well as PDGFR‐α and PDGFR‐β. At the time of last follow‐up, 2 patients had received therapy with imatinib mesylate at a dose of 400 mg twice daily.RESULTSBoth patients demonstrated ongoing radiographic and clinical responses with a duration of 9 months and 11 months, respectively.CONCLUSIONSImatinib mesylate has been reported to have activity against desmoid tumor, most likely because of c‐kit and PDGFR receptor tyrosine kinase activity inhibition, and warrants further study. The relative novelty of this agent and the lack of long‐term toxicity data should prompt its use only in the salvage setting in which established local and systemic approaches fail to control disease. In addition, the use of imatinib mesylate in the treatment of this neoplasm preferably should be in the context of a formal prospective clinical trial. Cancer 2002;95:2373–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11029