bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence of Salmonellae in Blood and Bone Marrow: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol Treatments against Enteric Fever
Authors: Gasem M. Hussein , Keuter Monique , Dolmans Wil M. V. , van der Ven-Jongekrijg Johanna , Djokomoeljanto Robert , van der Meer Jos W. M. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

We performed a randomized controlled trial involving 55 adult patients with enteric fever to compare ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Blood and bone marrow cultures and cytokine profiles during therapy were done to compare the clinical and bacteriological efficacies of these drugs. All patients were randomly assigned to receive chloramphenicol (500 mg four times a day orally) for 14 days or ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice a day orally) for 7 days. In each treatment group, patients were subsequently randomized to have blood and bone marrow cultured after either 3 or 5 days of treatment. Twenty-seven patients received chloramphenicol, and 28 received ciprofloxacin. The two groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics. No significant differences in clinical cure and time to defervescence were found. All strains isolated were susceptible to both antibiotics. Although ciprofloxacin was more effective in the elimination of
Salmonella
enterica
serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A from bone marrow than chloramphenicol, there was still an impressive persistence of
Salmonella
in the bone marrow culture (67%). In the ciprofloxacin-treated patients the suppressed cytokine production capacity showed a trend to normalize earlier than in patients treated with chloramphenicol.
Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscularly Administered Ertapenem
Authors: Musson Donald G. , Majumdar Anup , Birk Kimberly , Holland Sherry , Wickersham Peter , Li Susan X. , Mistry Goutam , Fisher Alison , Waldman Scott , Greenberg Howard , Deutsch Paul , Rogers J. Douglas 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Ertapenem (INVANZ) is a new once-a-day parental β-lactam antimicrobial agent that has been shown to be highly effective as a single agent for treatment of various community-acquired and mixed infections. The plasma pharmacokinetics of a 1-g intramuscular (i.m.) dose was compared with those of a 1-g intravenous (i.v.) dose infused over 30 min, the recommended rate of i.v. infusion for comparison, and over 120 min, which more closely mimicked the time course for absorption of the i.m. form. In a three-period crossover study (Part A), 26 healthy subjects received single doses of ertapenem administered i.m., i.v. infused over 30 min, and i.v. infused over 120 min. Blood for ertapenem analysis was collected over 24 h postdose for each treatment. In Part B, these fasted subjects received a 1-g i.m. dose of ertapenem once daily for 7 days. Following a 1-g i.m. dose and a 1-g i.v. dose infused over 120 min, the geometric mean area under the concentration curve from hour 0 to infinity (AUC
0-∞
) was 541.8 μg · hr/ml following i.m. administration and 591.4 μg · hr/ml following a 120-min infusion; the geometric mean ratio was 0.92 with a 90% confidence interval of 0.88 to 0.95. The geometric mean AUC
0-∞
was nearly identical when 1-g doses were infused over 30 or 120 min. Although the maximum concentration of drug in serum was somewhat lower following i.m. administration than following i.v. administration, the shape of the plasma concentration profiles was roughly comparable at later time points. Ertapenem did not accumulate after multiple 1-g i.m. daily doses over 7 days. The geometric mean ratio for AUC
0-24
(day 7/day 1) was 0.98 with a 90% confidence interval of 0.94 to 1.02. Thus, the relative bioavailability of the 1-g i.m. dose was 92%. Ertapenem does not accumulate following multiple daily 1-g i.m. doses over 7 days.
In Vitro Activity of Linezolid against Slowly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Crist Christopher J. , Mann Linda B. , Wilson Rebecca W. , Wallace Richard J. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

MICs of linezolid in broth microdilutions were tested against 341 slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) belonging to 15 species. The proposed linezolid susceptibility MICs for all
Mycobacterium marinum
,
Mycobacterium szulgai
,
Mycobacterium kansasii
,
Mycobacterium malmoense
, and
Mycobacterium xenopi
isolates and for 90% of
Mycobacterium gordonae
and
Mycobacterium triplex
isolates were ≤8 μg/ml. Linezolid has excellent therapeutic potential against most species of NTM.
Burkholderia
Is Highly Resistant to Human Beta-Defensin 3
Authors: Sahly Hany , Schubert Sabine , Harder Jürgen , Rautenberg Peter , Ullmann Uwe , Schröder Jens , Podschun Rainer 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

The bactericidal activity of the novel beta-defensin hBD-3 against 28 species and 55 strains of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative fermentative and nonfermentative rods was tested. All strains proved to be highly or intermediately susceptible to hBD-3 (minimal bactericidal concentration [MBC], ≤50 μg/ml), except for
Burkholderia cepacia
, for all 23 tested strains of which MBCs were >100 μg/ml.
In Vitro Susceptibilities ofRhodococcus equiand Other Common Equine Pathogens to Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, and 20 Other Antimicrobials
Authors: Jacks Stephanie S. , Giguère Steeve , Nguyen An 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine in vitro activities of azithromycin (AZM), clarithromycin (CLR), and 20 other antimicrobial agents againstRhodococcus equiand other common equine bacterial pathogens. A total of 201 bacterial isolates from various equine clinical samples were examined. CLR was more active than AZM againstR. equi, with MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.12 and 1.0 μg/ml, respectively. Other antimicrobial agents highly active against at least 90% ofR. equiisolates in vitro included rifampin, gentamicin, and imipenem. Both AZM and CLR showed good activity against beta-hemolytic streptococci andStaphylococcusspp. AZM was more active than other macrolides againstPasteurellaspp. andSalmonella enterica.
Novel 3-
N
-Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase Gene,
aac
(
3
)-
Ic
, from a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Integron
Authors: Riccio Maria Letizia , Docquier Jean-Denis , Dell'Amico Emanuela , Luzzaro Francesco , Amicosante Gianfranco , Rossolini Gian Maria 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

A novel gene,
aac
(
3
)-
Ic
, encoding an AAC(3)-I aminoglycoside 3-
N
-acetyltransferase, was identified on a gene cassette inserted into a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
integron that also carries a
bla
VIM-2
and a
cmlA7
gene cassette. The
aac
(
3
)-
Ic
gene product is 59 and 57% identical to AAC(3)-Ia and AAC(3)-Ib, respectively, and confers resistance to gentamicin and sisomicin.
High Prevalence of PER-1 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing
Acinetobacter
spp. in Korea
Authors: Yong Dongeun , Shin Jong Hee , Kim Sinyoung , Lim Youngsik , Yum Jong Hwa , Lee Kyungwon , Chong Yunsop , Bauernfeind Adolf 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT
PER-1, an extended-spectrum β-lactamase, has been reported only in Europe. We detected PER-1 in 53 of 97 acinetobacters in Korea, mainly in the sputum of intensive care unit patients. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that clonal spread had occurred. Only PCR reliably detected PER-1 producers. PER-1 producers may also exist in other Asian countries.
Influences of Linezolid, Penicillin, and Clindamycin, Alone and in Combination, on Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A Release
Authors: Coyle Elizabeth A. , Cha Raymond , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTAn in vitro model was used to compare the effects of linezolid, clindamycin, and penicillin, alone and in combination, on streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) release against virulent group A streptococci (GAS). All regimens exhibited lower (P< 0.05) SPE A release at 1 h than those with penicillin alone. Linezolid and clindamycin, alone or in combination with penicillin, may optimize the treatment of GAS infections by reducing bacterial burden and exotoxin release.
Susceptibilities of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus to Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Giuffre Angelica C. , Higgins Joanne , Buckheit Robert W. , North Thomas W. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT
We used a focal infectivity assay with HeLa H1-JC.37 cells to directly compare susceptibilities of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to protease inhibitors. SIVmac239 was inhibited by indinavir, saquinavir, and ritonavir, with 50% effective concentrations (means ± standard deviations) of 39 ± 8, 55 ± 3, and 13 ± 5 nM, respectively. The corresponding values for inhibition of HIV-1 were 66 ± 4, 47 ± 10, and 25 ± 14 nM, respectively.
Genetic Screen for Monitoring Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Serine Protease Activity
Authors: Martinez Miguel Angel , Clotet Bonaventura 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

We have developed a genetic system to monitor the activity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 serine protease. This genetic system is based on the bacteriophage lambda regulatory circuit where the viral repressor
c
I is specifically cleaved to initiate the switch from lysogeny to lytic infection. An HCV protease-specific target, NS5A-5B, was inserted into the lambda phage
c
I repressor. The target specificity of the HCV NS5A-5B repressor was evaluated by coexpression of this repressor with a β-galactosidase (βgal)-HCV NS3
2-181
/4
21-34
protease construct. Upon infection of
Escherichia coli
cells containing the two plasmids encoding the cI.HCV5AB-cro and the βgal-HCV NS3
2-181
/4
21-34
protease constructs, lambda phage replicated up to 8,000-fold more efficiently than in cells that did not express the HCV NS3
2-181
/4
21-34
protease. This simple, rapid, and highly specific assay can be used to monitor the activity of the HCV NS3 serine protease, and it has the potential to be used for screening specific inhibitors.
Use of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography To Study the Pharmacokinetics of Colistin Sulfate in Rats following Intravenous Administration
Authors: Li Jian , Milne Robert W. , Nation Roger L. , Turnidge John D. , Smeaton Timothy C. , Coulthard Kingsley 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of colistin was investigated using specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the concentrations of colistin and colistin A and B in plasma and urine in five rats after administration of an intravenous bolus of 1 mg of colistin sulfate/kg of body weight. There were differences in the pharmacokinetic behaviors of unbound colistin A and B. This is the first report of the use of HPLC to study the pharmacokinetics of colistin and its two major components.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Meropenem, Administered at 500 Milligrams Every 8 Hours, in Plasma and Cantharidin-Induced Skin Blister Fluid
Authors: Maglio Dana , Teng Renli , Thyrum Per T. , Nightingale Charles H. , Nicolau David P. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetic disposition of meropenem, administered at 500 mg every 8 h, in plasma and cantharidin-induced blister fluid is described. Peak meropenem concentrations in blister fluid lagged behind peak meropenem concentrations in plasma, while a lower elimination rate from blister fluid was also noted. The mean penetration of meropenem into blister fluid was 67%. The pharmacokinetic profile of meropenem in blister fluid supports the utility of this dose in the management of skin and soft tissue infections.
PRECISE HIGH ENERGY ASYMPTOTICS FOR THE INTEGRATED DENSITY OF STATES OF AN UNBOUNDED RANDOM JACOBI MATRIX
Authors: KLOPP FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: April 2003

The purpose of this paper is to study the transition from the classical to the quantum asymptotics for the integrated density of states of an unbounded random Jacobi matrix. Therefore, we give precise results on the behavior of the tail of the integrated density of states near infinity. We study the evolution of these asymptotics when the decay of the tail of the distribution of the random potential increases. Résumé. Cet article est consacré à l'étude de la transition entre le régime classique et le régime quantique pour la densité d'états intégrée d'une matrice de Jacobi aléatoire non bornée. Pour cela nous donnons des asymptotiques précises du comportement de la densité d'états intégrée au voisinage de l'infini. De plus, nous étudions le comportement de cette asymptotique lorsque la décroissance à l'infini de la distribution du potentiel aléatoire augmente.
REPRESENTATIONS OF QUANTUM LORENTZ GROUP ON GELFAND SPACES
Authors: PUSZ W. , WORONOWICZ S. L. 
Published: April 2003

A large class of representations of the quantum Lorentz group QLG (the one admitting Iwasawa decomposition) is found and described in detail. In a sense the class contains all irreducible unitary representations of QLG. Parabolic subgroup P of the group QLG is introduced. It is a smooth deformation of the subgroup of SL (2, C) consisting of the upper-triangular matrices. A description of the set of all 1-dimensional representations (the characters) of P is given. It turns out that the topological structure of this set is not the same as for the parabolic subgroup of the classical Lorentz group. The class of (in general non-unitary) representations of QLG induced by characters of its parabolic subgroup P is investigated. Representations act on spaces of smooth sections of (quantum) line boundles over the homogeneous space P\QLG (Gelfand spaces) as in the classical case. For any pair of Gelfand spaces the set of all non-zero invariant bilinear forms is described. This set is not empty only for certain pairs. We give a complete list of such pairs. Using this list we solve the problems of equivalence and irreducibility of the representation. We distinguish a class of Gelfand spaces carrying unitary representations of QLG.
VLSI Implementation of Neural Networks
Authors: Wilamowski B. M. , Binfet J. , Kaynak M. O. 
Published: April 2003

Currently, fuzzy controllers are the most popular choice for hardware implementation of complex control surfaces because they are easy to design. Neural controllers are more complex and hard to train, but provide an outstanding control surface with much less error than that of a fuzzy controller. There are also some problems that have to be solved before the networks can be implemented on VLSI chips. First, an approximation function needs to be developed because CMOS neural networks have an activation function different than any function used in neural network software. Next, this function has to be used to train the network. Finally, the last problem for VLSI designers is the quantization effect caused by discrete values of the channel length (L) and width (W) of MOS transistor geometries. Two neural networks were designed in 1.5 μm technology. Using adequate approximation functions solved the problem of activation function. With this approach, trained networks were characterized by very small errors. Unfortunately, when the weights were quantized, errors were increased by an order of magnitude. However, even though the errors were enlarged, the results obtained from neural network hardware implementations were superior to the results obtained with fuzzy system approach.
CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF CASCADE ERROR PROJECTION - AN EFFICIENT LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Duong Tuan A. , Stubberud Allen R. 
Published: April 2003

In this paper, we present a mathematical foundation, including a convergence analysis, for cascading architecture neural network. Our analysis also shows that the convergence of the cascade architecture neural network is assured because it satisfies Liapunov criteria, in an added hidden unit domain rather than in the time domain. From this analysis, a mathematical foundation for the cascade correlation learning algorithm can be found. Furthermore, it becomes apparent that the cascade correlation scheme is a special case from mathematical analysis in which an efficient hardware learning algorithm called Cascade Error Projection (CEP) is proposed. The CEP provides efficient learning in hardware and it is faster to train, because part of the weights are deterministically obtained, and the learning of the remaining weights from the inputs to the hidden unit is performed as a single-layer perceptron learning with previously determined weights kept frozen. In addition, one can start out with zero weight values (rather than random finite weight values) when the learning of each layer is commenced. Further, unlike cascade correlation algorithm (where a pool of candidate hidden units is added), only a single hidden unit is added at a time. Therefore, the simplicity in hardware implementation is also achieved. Finally, 5- to 8-bit parity and chaotic time series prediction problems are investigated; the simulation results demonstrate that 4-bit or more weight quantization is sufficient for learning neural network using CEP. In addition, it is demonstrated that this technique is able to compensate for less bit weight resolution by incorporating additional hidden units. However, generation result may suffer somewhat with lower bit weight quantization.
ESTABLISHING AN INDEX ARBITRAGE MODEL BY APPLYING NEURAL NETWORKS METHOD — A CASE STUDY OF NIKKEI 225 INDEX
Authors: CHEN AN-PIN , CHIANGLIN CHIEH-YOW , CHUNG HISU-PEI 
Published: April 2003

This paper applies the neural network method to establish an index arbitrage model and compares the arbitrage performances to that from traditional cost of carry arbitrage model. From the empirical results of the Nikkei 225 stock index market, following conclusions can be stated: (1) The basis will get enlarged for a time period, more profitability may be obtained from the trend. (2) If the neural network is applied within the index arbitrage model, twofold of return would be obtained than traditional arbitrage model can do. (3) If the T_basis has volatile trend, the neural network arbitrage model will ignore the peak. Although arbitrageur would lose the chance to get profit, they may reduce the market impact risk.
A HISTORY OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES
Authors: Morgan David P. 
Published: April 2003

This paper gives a historical account of the development of Rayleigh-wave, or surface-acoustic-wave (SAW), devices for applications in electronics. The subject was spurred on initially by the requirements of pulse compression radar, and became a practical reality with the planar interdigital transducer, dating from 1965. The accessibility of the propagation path gave rise to substantial versatility, and a huge variety of devices were developed. Passive SAW devices are now ubiquitous, with applications ranging from professional radar and communications systems to consumer areas such as TV, pagers and mobile phones. The paper describes the extensive work, particularly in the 1970s, to investigate SAW propagation in crystalline media, including piezoelectric coupling, diffraction and temperature effects. This led to identification of many suitable materials. Concurrently, many devices began development, including pulse compression filters, bandpass filters, resonators, oscillators, convolvers and matched filters for spread spectrum communications. In the 1970s, many of these became established in professional systems, and the SAW bandpass filter became a standard component for domestic TV. In the 1980s and 90s, SAW responded to the new call for low-loss filters, particularly for mobile phones. With losses as low as 2 dB required (and subsequently achieved) at RF frequencies around 900 MHz, a raft of new technologies was developed. Additionaly, for IF filters special techniques were evolved to reduce the physical size needed for narrow bandwidths. Such devices are now manufactured in very large quantities. In order to satisfy these needs, new types of surface wave, particularly transverse leaky waves, were investigated, and materials using such waves now have their place alongside more traditional materials.
GEOMETRY OF THE MODULI OF HIGHER SPIN CURVES
Authors: JARVIS TYLER J. 
Published: April 2003

This article treats various aspects of the geometry of the moduli [Formula: see text] of r-spin curves and its compactification [Formula: see text]. Generalized spin curves, or r-spin curves, are a natural generalization of 2-spin curves (algebraic curves with a theta-characteristic), and have been of interest lately because of the similarities between the intersection theory of these moduli spaces and that of the moduli of stable maps. In particular, these spaces are the subject of a remarkable conjecture of E. Witten relating their intersection theory to the Gelfand–Dikii (KdVr) heirarchy. There is also a W-algebra conjecture for these spaces [16] generalizing the Virasoro conjecture of quantum cohomology. For any line bundle [Formula: see text] on the universal curve over the stack of stable curves, there is a smooth stack [Formula: see text] of triples (X, ℒ, b) of a smooth curve X, a line bundle ℒ on X, and an isomorphism [Formula: see text]. In the special case that [Formula: see text] is the relative dualizing sheaf, then [Formula: see text] is the stack [Formula: see text] of r-spin curves. We construct a smooth compactification [Formula: see text] of the stack [Formula: see text], describe the geometric meaning of its points, and prove that its coarse moduli is projective. We also prove that when r is odd and g>1, the compactified stack of spin curves [Formula: see text] and its coarse moduli space [Formula: see text] are irreducible, and when r is even and [Formula: see text] is the disjoint union of two irreducible components. We give similar results for n-pointed spin curves, as required for Witten's conjecture, and also generalize to the n-pointed case the classical fact that when [Formula: see text] is the disjoint union of d(r) components, where d(r) is the number of positive divisors of r. These irreducibility properties are important in the study of the Picard group of [Formula: see text] [15], and also in the study of the cohomological field theory related to Witten's conjecture [16, 34].
TOWARD A CLASSIFICATION OF ALMOST HOMOGENEOUS MANIFOLDS III — SL(2)×C* ACTIONS
Authors: GUAN ZHUANG-DAN DANIEL 
Published: April 2003

In this paper we finished the classification of SL(2, C)×Gm almost homogeneous projective 3-folds which we started in [8, 9]. For some technical reasons we leave the proofs of Propositions 1.2 and 1.3 to [8] and that of Propositon 2.7 to [9]. But we include all other proofs, especially those of Propositions 2.1 and 2.2 in this paper and try to give an intuitive picture of the process. The proofs of Lemmas 2.1 and 2.2 as well as those of Sec. 3 (Theorems 3.1–3.4) are the main results of this paper. Most of this work was done in the fall of 1991. I thank those who had tried their best to understand my proofs, for their helpful comments and criticisms.