bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Law of Islam
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have not read The Satanic Verses and can therefore express no opinion on its literary merits or on whether it is likely to be insulting to Muslims. My opinion on both questions would in any case be irrelevant. The issue of freedom of speech applies equally to good and to bad books (otherwise, who is to decide?), while only Muslims can determine what is offensive to them.
History Writing and National Revival in Turkey
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The national revival of the Turks in the 19th and 20th centuries has long been recognized as one of the most significant developments in the modern history of Islam, with effects reaching far beyond the frontiers of Turkey. While the political aspects of this movement have received some attention from Western writers, the no less important cultural aspects have hitherto been little studied outside Turkey, with the result that the picture given of modern Turkish history has sometimes been one-sided and distorted. The sources for a history of intellectual movements in modern Turkey are vast and only imperfectly explored, and this article must therefore be taken as no more than a preliminary and tentative survey of a subject that still requires detailed investigation.
Hello Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the end of the nineteenth century, the search for Nature’s basic laws seemed close to its goal. There was a sense of a task accomplished. Physics presented an orderly scene that fit the proper Victorian mood of the day. Objects both on Earth and in the heavens behaved in accord with Newton’s laws. So, presumably, did atoms. The nature of atoms was unclear. But to most scientists the rest of the job of describing the universe seemed a filling in of the details of the Great Machine.
Schrödinger’s Controversial Cat
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By 1935, the basic form of quantum mechanics was clear. Schrödinger’s equation was the new universal equation of motion. Although it was required only for objects on the atomic scale, quantum theory presumably governed the behavior of everything. The earlier physics, by then called “classical,” was the much easier- to-use approximation adequate for macroscopic behavior.
Spooky Actions
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most physicists paid little attention to EPR, or to Bohr’s response. Whether or not quantum mechanics was complete did not matter. It worked. It never made a wrong prediction, and practical results abounded. Who cared if atoms lacked “physical reality” before being observed? Working physicists had no time for “merely philosophical” questions.
The Relational Ontology of Love in the Messianic Theology
Authors: Mcdougall Joy Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates Moltmann’s social reconstruction of the doctrine of the Trinity in the first volume of his Messianic Theology, The Trinity and the Kingdom, and how it alters his concept of divine love. Both methodological and doctrinal issues will claim our attention in this chapter. On the methodological side, I will point to new scriptural resources to which Moltmann appeals in support of his social trinitarian proposal. Identifying these scriptural patterns and how they function in his doctrine will help to evaluate one of the central criticisms raised sgainst Moltmann’s social trinitarianism that I noted at the outset, namely, whether his doctrine is governed more by the author’s social and political agenda than by the biblical witness.
Evidence-Based Treatment Manuals: Some Practical Considerations
Authors: LeCroy Craig Winston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Practitioners, researchers, mental health directors, and policy makers have recently joined together in a growing commitment to integrate evidence and practice. Researchers are making great progress in developing and testing interventions for effectiveness, practitioners are searching for guidance on using evidence-based treatments, mental health directors are responding to federal and local pressure to use resources for what works, and policy makers are inflencing legislatures to bring science to bear on social problems. Much of the discussion at conferences, staff meetings, and special interest group meetings centers on integrating practice and evidence. What evidence supports the different treatments being used or proposed? If we are to fulfill the ideal of providing the best available treatment to remedy different psychosocial problems for children and adolescents these conversations are critical. However, such discussion is not without debate and disagreement and most would agree that progress toward this ideal is modest at best. Chorpita argues that “the frontier of evidence-based practice is yet to be mapped, and much still stands in the way of forging sustainable connections between research and clinical service “ (2003, p. 42).
Hard Results, Soft Concerns
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Program Manager expressed a twofold ambition: to create an excel lent vehicle and to develop a process which valued and inspired people on the team. This section describes the challenge that Epsilon‘s leaders gradually realized was confronting them: the difficulties of achieving “hard” results (producing high-quality technical parts, sub-assemblies, and a complete vehicle efficiently) through an emphasis on concepts that many people termed “soft” (good communication, openness, honesty and trust.)
Learning Labs: Teaching Techniques for Thinking Differently
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What exactly did the Epsilon engineers feel they experienced in the learning labs conducted by the MIT researchers? How much did the labs improve their capabilities, and how much did those improvements affect their work on the car? Finally, how much did they feel the learning lab techniques affected their attitudes about learning? Some of the participants we interviewed were indifferent to the labs, while others found them surprisingly relevant.
Introduction
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The standard opening for any reference book is to define the subject: Remote sensing is the field of study associated with extracting information about an object without coming into physical contact with it. Most readers, having read that vague definition, look out the nearest window and remotely sense the weather condi-tions to help them decide whether to head out into the sunshine or muddle forward through this introduction. You have just engaged in a chain of events that repre-sents remote sensing in its broadest context.
Imaging Sensors and Instrument Calibration
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we will explore imaging sensors as complete systems designed to capture radiometric signals and to enable the reconstruction of full two-dimen-sional geometrically and radio metrically faithful representations of the sampled radiance field. For the sake of space, we will emphasize airborne and satellite electro-optical (EO) imaging systems concepts, introducing specific systems only as examples of more generic approaches. The reader is referred to Chen (1985) for a more com-plete treatment of satellite sensing systems, including sounders and microwave systems, and to Kramer (2001) and Morain and Budge (2001) for a comprehensive listing of the specifications for a wide range of aerospace sensing systems.
Atmospheric Compensation: Solutions to the Governing Equation
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 4, we developed the governing equation Eq. (4.63) for the radiance reaching a remote sensing system, the “big equation.” In chapter 6, we discussed these remote sensing systems and how they could be calibrated using laboratory or on-board calibrators. As a result of this calibration process, we will assume that, when required, we can convert the remotely sensed signal (i.e., digital count, voltage, or film density) to radiance reaching the front of the sensor. This means that for calibrated sensors, we will assume that we can solve for the radiance reaching the sensor at any image location. This yields the radiance value on the left-hand side of the big equation.
Digital Image Processing Principles
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The field of digital image processing (DIP) continues to grow at a very rapid rate. This growth is spurred by improvements in the speed of computers and the conse-quent reduction in the cost of computing power. When combined with technologi-cal advances in detectors and electronics (particularly in analog-to-digital converters), the advance in technology now puts digital images at every user’s fingertips. The treatment presented here is a very small sampling of digital image technology aimed at providing the user with a common terminology and a limited exposure to some DIP tools applicable to most monochrome (single band) or color images that are frequently used in remote sensing.
Ānandamaṭh, or The Sacred Brotherhood
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a translation of a historically important Bengali novel. Published in 1882, Chatterji’s Anandamath helped create the atmosphere and the symbolism for the nationalist movement leading to Indian independence in 1947. It contains the famous hymn Vande Mataram (“I revere the Mother”), which has become India’s official National Song. Set in Bengal at the time of the famine of 1770, the novel reflects tensions and oppositions within Indian culture between Hindus and Muslims, ruler and ruled, indigenous people and foreign overlords, jungle and town, Aryan and non-Aryan, celibacy and sexuality. It is both a political and a religious work. By recreating the past of Bengal, Chatterji hoped to create a new present that involved a new interpretation of the past. Julius Lipner not only provides the first complete and satisfactory English translation of this important work, but supplies an extensive Introduction contextualizing the novel and its cultural and political history. Also included are notes offering the Bengali or Sanskrit terms for certain words, as well as explanatory notes for the specialized lay reader or scholar.
What Is Risk?
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It’s hard not to laugh when children misuse words and say something different from what they intended. Even when adults make such mistakes in casual conversation, the results can be funny. However, when adults miscommunicate in noncasual conversations, and (particularly for our purposes) when such miscommunication occurs in scientific or policy applications, the results may be catastrophic. For example, recall the 1999 multimillion-dollar debacle that resulted in the loss of a space probe to Mars when the spacecraft designers and builders unwittingly communicated in different measurement units.
What Else Should We Pay Attention To? Reliability and Validity of Measurements and Diagnoses
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You see a doctor for a strange pain in your foot. The doctor says you have a rare disease that will eventually lead to disability unless you have surgery that will render you unable to walk for at least six months. What should you do? Most people would answer: “Get a second opinion!” Why? Because a diagnosis is not a disease. A diagnosis is a doctor’s educated opinion of what may be going on, but it may not be correct. In this case, you hope it’s not. In the same way, a measurement of some characteristic is not the entire characteristic, but one view of what that characteristic is. You go into a physician’s office and have your blood pressure taken by the nurse. A few minutes later, the physician might also take your blood pressure and find it to be different. After a few minutes’ rest, the physician might take it again and find it to be different yet again. A single blood pressure measurement does not completely determine a patient’s “true” blood pressure, since blood pressure varies from minute to minute, depending on the circumstances. For example, some people may be more anxious—and thus may experience a rise in blood pressure—when the doctor is present. Moreover, the doctor and the nurse may place the cuff differently, inflate the cuff differently, and even read the outcome differently.
How Strong Is the Risk Factor? Potency
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An old saying asserts that the common cold usually lasts about seven days if you treat it, and about a week if you don’t. This saying acknowledges that even with the “treatments” available, whether pharmaceutical, herbal, or chicken soup, nothing really changes the course of the illness. Luckily, most of these available remedies don’t cause harm and may at least bring some level of comfort. Colds are usually short-lived and aren’t really worth subjecting yourself to any treatment that might be worse than having the cold in the first place. The same is hardly true of other disorders—particularly ones such as cancer or heart disease that lead to disability or death, or psychiatric disorders that compromise normal functioning and quality of life.
Rethinking the Meaning of Public Health
Authors: Rothstein Mark A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Public health is a dynamic field. Outbreaks of new diseases, as well as changing patterns of population growth, economic development, and lifestyle trends all may threaten public health and thus demand a public health response. As the practice of public health evolves, there is an ongoing need to reassess its scientific, ethical, legal, and social underpinnings. Such a reappraisal must consider the disagreement among public health officials, public health scholars, elected officials, and the public about the proper role of public health and the distinctions, for example, between public health and clinical care, and public health and health promotion. In this article I will attempt to characterize the main points of contention as well as offer my own views regarding the proper scope of public health. Greater clarity and consensus on the meaning of public health are likely to lead to more efficient and effective public health interventions as well as increased public and political support for public health activities.
For Your Own Good The Anti-Smoking Crusade and the Tyranny of Public Health
Authors: Sullum Jacob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The vigilance against deviation from the correct portrayal of smoking is accompanied by absurd rhetorical excesses, even in supposedly sober scientific journals. JAMA’s [Journal of the American Medical Association’s]vociferousness on the issue of smoking ... may be an attempt to make up for past sins: The journal carried cigarette ads until 1953, and the AMA [American Medical Associationl accepted research money from the tobacco industry in the 1960s and 1970s, during which decades activists accused the organization of inexcusable timidness on an important public health issue. Since the 1980s, however, JAMAhas been second to none in its denunciations of tobacco. A 1986 editorial compared smoking-related deaths to Nazi genocide, calling for “a declaration of all-out war” to save “the victims of the tobaccoism holocaust.”A 1990 editorial, this one by a former CDC director, said tobacco executives and the advertising firms that work for them “daily make the decision to kill for money, to become ‘hit men’ on a colossal scale.”Picking up on the same theme in yet another JAMAeditorial, then-Secretary of Health and Human Services Louis Sullivan called revenue from tobacco advertising accounts “blood money.”
To Foresee and to Forestall
Authors: Raffensperger Carolyn , Tickner Joel A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Rachel Carson completed her book, Silent Spring,she dedicated it to Albert Schweitzer, who said, “Man has lost the capacity to foresee and forestall He will end up destroying the earth.” To foresee and forestall is the basis of the precautionary principle. It is the central theme for environmental and public health rooted in the elemental concepts of “first do no harm” and “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” In its simplest formulation, the precautionary principle has a dual trigger: If there is a potential for harm from an activity and if there is uncertainty about the magnitude of impacts or causality, then anticipatory action should be taken to avoid harm. Scientific uncertainty about harm is the fulcrum for this principle. Modem-day problems that cover vast expanses of time and space are difficult to assess with existing scientific tools. Accordingly, we can never know with certainty whether a particular activity will cause harm. But we can rely on observation and good sense to foresee and forestall damage.
Ratification of the Bill of Rights
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Less Formidable and determined foe than Patrick Henry would have given up by now. Congress had proposed twelve amendments, and indi cations were that the states would likely ratify them. But Henry was not through. Having failed to obtain the radical amendments he had long demanded, he would do everything he could to prevent Virginia from approving the Bill of Rights. He told Senator Richard Henry Lee that the proposed amendments “will tend to injure rather than serve the Cause of Liberty;’ and he believed they were intended to “lull Suspicion totally on this Subject;’ to prevent changing the “exorbitancy of Power granted away by the Constitution from the People;’
Introduction: Crime and American Governance
Authors: Simon Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For a long time before that in the United States it had not been safe to walk in the big cities at night: sometimes in certain areas not in the day. For years they had moved about by the grace of paternal or brutal police; or under the protection of some gang. (It was in the mid-seventies that it came out for how long the United States had been run by an only partly concealed conspiracy linking crime, the military machine, the industries to do with war, and government.) Whether he chose to be protected by the bully men of the gangster groups, or by the police, or by the deliberate choice of a living area that was safe and respectable and inside which he lived as once the Jews had lived in ghettoes, in America the citizen had long since become used to an organized barbarism. —Doris Lessing, The Four-Gated CityIn her 1969 book The Four-Gated City, Doris Lessing writes of the 1970s from the perspective of someone looking back at the end of the twentieth century. Her imagined observations of the United States, presumably based on the tumult and civil violence of the late 1960s, remind us that fear of sudden and terrible violence was a major feature of American life long before September 11, 2001.
Project Exile : Race, the War on Crime, and Mass Imprisonment
Authors: Simon Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
America since the 1980s has created a historically unique penal form that some sociologists and criminologists have called “mass imprisonment” (Garland 2001b). The term is meant to point to three distinctive features of imprisonment in the United States: its scale, its categorical application, and its increasingly warehouse-like or even waste management–like qualities (Feeley & Simon 1992). All three are inevitably relative features. Prison was once an aberrational experience for all segments of the com- munity, even those with the highest levels of imprisonment. If present trends continue, nearly one in 15 Americans born in 2001 will serve time in prison during their lifetimes (6.6 percent of that birth cohort). Broken down by race and gender, the odds are even more daunting: one in three black men, one in seven Hispanic men, and one in 17 white men will go to prison in their lifetime, given current trends (Bonczar 2003). The odds of an African American man going to prison today are higher than the odds he will go to college, get married, or go into the military.
Crime Families : Governing Domestic Relations Through Crime
Authors: Simon Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dominant modern metaphors of the family usually cast it against the marketplace as a “haven in a heartless world” (Lasch 1977), although more recently sociologists have questioned the wisdom that the family is a less competitive space than the workplace (Hochschild 1997). Indeed, the family and the workplace have both become concentrated zones of concern about crime, and the responsibility for governing it. Families as we idealize them are crime free, bound by lawful and natural bonds of mutual protection. If the family is crime free by definition, it is not secure; in fact, it is the ideal space for crime to invade. Here are consumer goods galore. Here are women and young people vulnerable to abuse and sexual aggression. Here are family secrets stored on computer hard drives and in filing cabinets.
Safe Schools: Reforming Education Through Crime
Authors: Simon Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ageneration ago, racial inequality served as the pivot around which a vast reworking of governance of public schools took place. As David Kirp observed of this period: Support for schooling increased dramatically at every level of government The ideas of racial equality and educational reform were closely intertwined. The demand for racial justice formed part of the call for modernization, and the availability of new resources made attentiveness to race specific issues politically more palatable. (1982, 297)
Today, crime in and around schools is playing a similar role as the problem that must be confronted and documented by a reinforcing spiral of political will and the production of new knowledge about school crime. Ironically, the genealogy of crime as a political problem in schools may have had its most salient recent origins in the desegregation era and the often violent conflits that arose around efforts to dismantle racially bifurcated public school systems. Although the stamp of desegregation remains on many public school systems today, by the late 1970s, it had largely run its course, defeated by private action and judicial retreat. In the same period, crime became an increasing inﬂuence on school governance.
Wars of Governance: From Cancer to Crime to Terror
Authors: Simon Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To a remarkable degree in the post–World War II era, war has been accepted as a metaphor for transformations in how we govern, by both friend and foe alike. We speak easily of the “war on poverty,” the “war on crime,” and most recently, the “war on terrorism,” recognizing as we do that the linkage of the term “war” with the substantive issue transforms it from a question of policy to a model of how to govern. We must once again reverse Carl von Clausewitz’s (1832) famous formula,”War is politics carried on by other means.” War, in the sense it has been used in phrases like “war on crime” and “war on terror” is a marker that a transformation of the means and rationalities by which elites justify and set the desired dimensions of their own governance.
Wednesday’s Children
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The peasant lowered his head and, without responding, he untied hisservant, and Don Quixote asked the boy how much his master owed him. He said wages for nine months, at seven reales a month. Don Quixote calculated the sum and found that it amounted to seventy-three reales, and he told the peasant to take that amount from his purse unless he wanted to die on their account.