bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer integrated construction: an approach to requirements engineering
Authors: Arayici Yusuf , Aouad Ghassan 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis paper aims at proposing a process of requirements engineering for the human centred, adaptive computer integrated construction systems development through industry wide information sharing.Design/methodology/approachThe research strategy is based on case study research methodology. The EU‐funded DIVERCITY project was analysed. This project was undertaken by a European consortium of researchers and practitioners from the construction industry. They developed a virtual environment that enables the industry to undertake collaboratively the client briefing and design reviews and the construction stages.FindingsDIVERCITY's requirements engineering approach has the potential to provide opportunities for research to determine the appropriate requirements engineering techniques for the development of the systems and their effective implementation in the construction industry.Originality/valueThe main contribution of the research is the construction of the requirements engineering process for the development of the computer integrated construction systems.
Transforming thyself
Authors: Medeiros Norm 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis article discusses the impact of electronic resources on the suite of services provided by serials agents.Design/methodology/approachThe article describes the changing needs of academic libraries in this new environment, and the ways in which serials agents can repurpose themselves to remain a corner‐stone of serials management. A white paper by R2 Consulting is referenced for its insights into the expectations and requirements of academic libraries. Brief statements by two Otto Harrassowitz executives are included.FindingsIf agents are to take on these new responsibilities for e‐journals, libraries must expect to pay something beyond typical service fees. Many cash‐strapped libraries will find it difficult to pay higher fees to agents than they do presently, even for services that could save hundreds of hours per year in staff time. Consortia‐purchased collections and the proclivities of a handful of large publishers aside, it will no doubt become necessary for libraries to entrust all subscriptions to agents as the majority of subscriptions maintained by libraries migrate from print to electronic.Originality/valueOutlines a role for serials agents in the new digital information world.
Choices and challenges
Authors: Yakel Elizabeth 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo report on the October 2004 Choices and Challenges Conference and cross‐cutting themes in libraries, archives and museums.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conference report and viewpoint article.FindingsThe Choices and Challenges Conference sponsored biennially at the Henry Ford brings together professionals from archives and museums including archivists, curators, and conservators. As such, it is one of the few conferences that enable an interdisciplinary dialog between the different professionals involved with the administration of cultural resources. The October 2004 conference featured talks on legal issues, education, and preservation. However, it is the cross‐cutting theses of visibility, advocacy, convergence and collaboration, and a focus on the researcher or visitor that made the conference compelling and thought‐provoking.Practical implicationsLibraries, archives and museums can benefit from learning about one another's approaches to the common challenges facing cultural institutions.Originality/valueIntroduces the idea of the convergence in the management of cultural institutions and in the education of professionals staffing these institutions.
The Wiki and the digital library
Authors: Frumkin Jeremy 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo look at how collaborative tools, such as Wikis, can be utilized in a digital library environment.Design/methodology/approachA discussion of Wikis and postulation as to how such a tool might be used to facilitate research and collaboration in a digital library setting.FindingsThree potential applications of a digital library Wiki are discussed – the Wiki as a knowledge base tool, the Wiki as a content management tool, and the Wiki as a tool to empower interactive finding aids.Originality/valueProvides ideas for digital library developers and implementers, especially those looking for increasing collaboration and interactivity in digital libraries.
Cataloging our information architecture
Authors: Fox Robert 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo explore the potential impact of Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan's classification theories on the accessibility and exposure of digital repository content.Design/methodology/approachConceptual analysis of: faceted classification schemes; the symantic web; object‐oriented analysis, design and programming; and digital repository content.FindingsWith the rapid proliferation of digital repositories and digital archives comes the need for appropriate and flexible classification schemes that can be implemented in conjunction with current technology such as object‐oriented programming techniques. Shivali Ranganathan was a forerunner in the area of classification systems, and developed a classification system, which is very suited to the need at hand: faceted classification. This column explores the relationship between Ranganathan's theories and their potential use in the contemporary digital library context (specifically digital repositories).Practical implicationsRanganathan's methodology may help libraries to expose digital repository content on a larger scale within a very flexible and forward‐looking framework. This will allow libraries to anticipate the development of the semantic web and become key players in this environment.Originality/valueSuggests a theoretical framework for describing and syndicating digital repository content, which is flexible and anticipatory in nature, based on the work of Shiyali Ranganathan.
Making decisions
Authors: Cervone H. Frank 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo outline methods for group process within a digital library team.Design/methodology/approachLiterature‐ and practice‐based analysis of seven key methods for making decisions within a group.FindingsOne of the many issues that digital library project managers face is getting people to make decisions. Decision making can usually be accomplished in an effective manner if the project manager uses a sound methodology for having the group come to a decision. Using a consistent approach to decision making allows the team to deal with the complexity of issues by providing a structure for organizing issues.Research limitations/implicationsThe individual context of an organization will require adapting some of the methods to local practice.Practical implicationsProvides a methodology for decision making within a group/team‐based context.Originality/valueProvides caveats and guidelines for team leaders/project managers who must facilitate decision‐making processes.
Practical quality control procedures for digital imaging projects
Authors: Riley Jenn , Whitsel Kurt 
Published: March 2005

PurposeFormal quality review processes are a necessary part of any digital imaging workflow. This article illustrates a set of quality review processes implemented in the Indiana University Digital Library Program's Digital Media and Image Center.Design/methodology/approachA methodology for automatic batch review of large numbers of images is presented, along with rationale and procedures for supplemental visual review. The initial stages of an effort to further automate and centralize image quality control at Indiana University are described.FindingsAutomation of checks for objective image criteria, together with formal visual review of a sample of digitized images, is an effective means of implementing a quality review process.Originality/valueThe methodologies described can be used as a model for other institutions performing digital imaging projects of any size.
Using eclectic digital resources to enhance instructional methods for adult learners
Authors: Lawson Karen G. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo demonstrate that adult learning can be improved through the use of eclectic digital resources to enhance instructional methods rather than through learning skills in isolation.Design/methodology/approachDuring the past two decades, a significant research has focused on adults as learners. Many adults take classes for skills improvement, job advancement, and personal understanding. The demand for training programs to help workers keep current and competitive is growing. It is likely that more adults from all walks of life will be continuing their education in a variety of settings. For example, librarians do instruction for their communities in the areas of internet searching, electronic database use, and personal computing skills. Many of their students are adults, including other library staff members, community members, and non‐traditional students.FindingsA learning program that includes digital resources helps provide the opportunity for instructors to help their students make connections and form relationships across the boundaries of classroom, discipline, skill, and background. By incorporating an eclectic assortment of digital resources into computer/internet‐related training an instructor ensures that adult learners are better able to connect what they have learned in life and are learning in the classroom.Research limitations/implicationsRelies on availability of internet access.Practical implicationsLibrarians are frequently in the position of providing computer/internet‐related training for a wide variety of audiences, including adults.Originality/valueLibrarians are perfectly poised to combine sound pedagogy with their expert knowledge of available digital resources to promote adult achievement in technology education. An instruction program integrated with evocative digital resources provides the opportunity for instructors to reduce anxiety and to help their students make connections and form relationships across the boundaries of classroom, discipline, skill, and background.
Assessing the durability of formats in a digital preservation environment
Authors: Stanescu Andreas 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo describe INFORM, a new methodology for investigating and measuring the risk factors of digital formats and providing guidelines for preservation action plans.Design/methodology/approachConstruction of a model which aims to discover specific threats to preservation and measure their possible impact on preservation decisions. The methodology defines: risk categories of digital formats and their dependencies; risk factors for each category; scales to measure probability of occurrence and impact; and methods to collect, report and interpret the results.FindingsWhile individuals are biased and subjective in their aversion to risk, collating the assessments of many individuals should generate group‐consensus or group‐averaged objective results. Hence, preservation plans can be based on objective analysis of risk trends instead of individuals’ opinions developed in the relative isolation of their institutions. The methodology takes into consideration individuals’ aversion to risk, therefore refraining from imposing specific courses of action, but simply making suggestions of possible actions.Research limitations/implicationsA comprehensive approach to the format assessment must also consider, in addition to the risk factors, two other considerations, reflecting the quality of the digital format specification: significant properties of the format under consideration; the features of the format as defined in the format specification. These two aspects will be defined at a later time.Practical implicationsDigital archives, institutional repositories and digital libraries can take advantage of the measurements offered by the INFORM method to select digital formats most apt for long‐term viability. Moreover, by repeating the process, involved parties can detect changes in the threat model over time, to which digital collections managers can act accordingly.Originality/valueRisk management has been previously used to detect the potential of loss of web resources and has been inspirational to this author. However, this method is the first to use risk factors to measure digital preservation viability of digital formats. The results of the measurements described here can be used by: content creators and publishers, to suggest best formats to use; content curators, to restrict what is collected; content managers, to know in advance how difficult to handle a certain collection may be; and preservation planners, to define and implement preservation plans, in the form of either, migration strategies or short‐term emulation solutions.
M&A in the nonprofit sector: managing merger negotiations and integration
Authors: La Piana David , Hayes Michaela 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThrough research and first‐hand experience with more than one hundred nonprofit mergers in the past decade, the firm has developed a variety of tools to help nonprofit organizations determine whether to undertake merger negotiations, how to facilitate these negotiations, and how to integrate organizations post‐merger.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have conducted more than 100 nonprofit mergers. They also interviewed board members and CEOs of nonprofits that have merged.FindingsThe critical differences between mergers in for‐profit and nonprofit sectors occur in the negotiations phase, which is where board members often play a key role.Research limitations/implicationsThis article addresses the merger process, not the business case. More research is needed on the economic benefits of nonprofit mergers.Practical implicationsThe article identifies best practices for nonprofit mergers.Originality/valueThis article alerts volunteer board members from the for‐profit sector to the essential differences they face facilitating mergers in the nonprofit sector and provides them with a step‐by‐step guide to success.
VolunteerMatch.org: balancing mission and earned‐revenue potential
Authors: Barad Seth , Maw Liz , Stone Nan 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis case investigates how a nonprofit can analyze its earned revenue potential. What changes would be required for the organization's current business units to start making a positive financial contribution? What other opportunities to expand its earned‐income efforts exist, and how should they be prioritized? What would it take to implement the new ventures, and how could the nonprofit guard against undertaking initiatives that would subtract more from the organization – in dollars and staff time – than they could possibly add?Design/methodology/approachA team of consultants from Bridgespan worked with VolunteerMatch, the largest web‐based volunteer‐matching service in the country, to study how to make its earned revenue ventures generate income for the organization and support its mission.FindingsVolunteerMatch's work on earned income helped it to move forward with its financial goals, and also to strengthen its social mission.Research limitations/implicationsVolunteerMatch is a small, talent rich nonprofit with a staff that is comfortable innovating internet‐based products and services. Expanding the study to include a variety of nonprofits would provide a better indication of the viability of an earned income strategy in this sector.Practical implicationsVolunteerMatch now derives 38 percent of its revenue from its earned income activities, decreasing its reliance on contributions.Originality/valueFew detailed studies exist of the development of earned income operations in nonprofits. This one serves as a guide to best practices for organizations considering this strategy.
The power of vision
Authors: Kilpatrick Andrea , Silverman Les 
Published: March 2005

PurposeSince nonprofits operate without the feedback provided by profits and losses, their need for a vision is acute.Design/methodology/approachMcKinsey & Company consultants report on their experience facilitating vision development in nonprofits. They extrapolate best practices.FindingsMost effective visions comprise a compelling, easy‐to‐understand description of how the nonprofit would like the world to change in the next three‐to‐five years, what role the organization will play in that change, and how the nonprofit will measure the success of its role.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample of cases described is small. Surveying a larger sample of nonprofit leaders to ask whether their vision has had positive results would provide valuable insight.Practical implicationsDeveloping a vision can keep an organization focused, increase the ease of performance measurement, help track successes and identify early warning signs of ineffective programs. Clear visions also highlight gaps in talent, funds, or facilities. Finally, staff members operating with the help of a clear vision often are more efficient and happier.Originality/valueThe experience of one of the world's foremost consulting firms with developing nonprofit organizations’ vision is an example of best practice.
The strategic value of a shared understanding of costs
Authors: Colby Susan J. , Rubin Abigail 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo make resource‐related decisions in a way that maximizes an organization's effectiveness and promotes its mission, nonprofit leaders need to have a clear picture of the full costs of operating their programs and services.Design/methodology/approachThe authors studied individual nonprofits and confirmed their findings by interviewing their executives.FindingsWhile most nonprofits have a good understanding of the direct costs incurred by their programs, many don't account for indirect costs. Full cost data can provide invaluable input to decisions about how to allocate resources among programs, whether to expand into a new location, and what level of funding is required to sustain the organization's operations.Research limitations/implicationsLarger studies are needed to confirm whether nonprofit executives conclude that investing in more accurate cost accounting provides a substantial payoff.Practical implicationsResource‐allocation decisions based on accurate cost data present nonprofit executives with their best opportunity to concentrate resources on activities that will effectively achieve their organizations’ goals.Original/valueCorporate executives who volunteer to help nonprofits need to be aware that the financial data needed for strategic decision making often isn't available. Moreover the culture of the nonprofit sector resists adopting accounting systems that measure true costs.
Scenario analysis and a logic model of public education in Ohio
Authors: Millett Stephen M. , Tave Zelman Susan 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis case recounts how an expert scenario consultant and a team of managers at a government agency used proprietary technology to define a set of alternate futures; it describes how this scenario analysis provided a framework for understanding the existence of interlocking relationships – the logic model – among factors that determine desirable future outcomes.Design/methodology/approachAs a tool for forecasting and strategic planning, Battelle employs a method called interactive future simulations (IFS) that uses expert judgment, trend analysis, and cross‐impact analysis for generating probabilistic alternative futures (scenarios). The tool has been used both for Battelle's own business strategy analysis and for fee‐for‐service projects for some 55 clients in North America, Europe, and Japan.FindingsThe logic model showed that, higher achievement depends primarily on only two clusters of descriptors: students receiving high quality instruction aligned with academic content standards and students having the right conditions and motivation for learning.Research limitations/implicationsHaving completed the first generation of the logic model through the exercise of cross‐impact analysis, the Ohio Department of Education project team will revisit the scenarios and give them increased attention. A revised logic model will be constructed in 2005.Practical implicationsThis article introduces the logic model as a potentially valuable new strategic management tool.Originality/valueManagers in for‐profit and nonprofit organization can get a rare inside look at the process and potential of scenario analysis and the development of a logic model.
The effects of framing vocational choices on young adults' sets of career options
Authors: Feldman Daniel C. , Whitcomb Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe present paper examines the effects of two decision‐framing inductions on young adults' set of career options: first, whether young adults use abilities or interests as the grounds for their vocational choices and, second, whether young adults approach the decision‐making task by including all career options to which they feel positively or by eliminating all career options to which they feel negatively.Design/methodology/approachA 2 × 2 experimental design was used to collect data from a diverse group of college undergraduates.FindingsThe results suggest that individuals who choose careers on the basis of skills and who use the inclusion decision‐making procedure are significantly more likely to narrow down their sets of career options.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper also suggests that Holland's model of vocational choice (RIASEC) may be differentially useful in guiding students to appropriate vocations for themselves. Students with a “social” profile, for example, have a much larger and more diffuse set of career options available to them than students with “realistic” or “investigative” profiles.Practical implicationsThe findings here suggest that the prevalent practice of focusing students' attention on finding activities they like may be less successful in helping students identify appropriate careers than focusing students' attention on their skills and abilities.Originality/valueThe paper addresses a career decision‐making phenomenon that has received increasing attention in the press and among educators.
Socialization and organizational outcomes of information technology professionals
Authors: King Ruth C. , Xia Weidong , Campbell Quick James , Sethi Vikram 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis study examined how six institutionalized socialization tactics affect a particular occupation of knowledge workers – information technology (IT) professionals' role adjustment (role conflict and role ambiguity) and organizational attachment variables (job satisfaction, affective commitment, continuance commitment and intention to quit).Design/methodology/approachThe research model and hypotheses were tested using path analysis techniques with survey data collected from 187 recently hired IT professionals.FindingsThe results showed that the six socialization tactics affected IT professionals differently. Socialization tactics that recognize employees' values and skills (investiture tactics) and that emphasize the interpersonal and mentoring aspects (serial tactics) had the most significant effects on employees' role adjustment and organizational attachment. The study also revealed complex mediating relationships among socialization tactics, role adjustment and organizational attachment variables.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights about the differential effects of the various socialization tactics on IT professionals' role adjustment and organizational attachment. It also sheds light on the complex mediating relationships among socialization tactics, role adjustment and organizational attachment variables. Without considering the logical relationships between the various variables, studies examining the direct effects of socialization on isolated organizational outcome variables may overlook important linkages that are critical for explaining the inconsistent results in past empirical studies.