bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
12 A pilot investigation of interoceptive accuracy, awareness, and sensibility in functional neurological disorder
Authors: Merritt Millman LS , Short Eleanor , Stanton Biba , Winston Joel , Nicholson Timothy , Mehta Mitul , Reinders Simone , Edwards Mark , Goldstein Laura , David Anthony , Hotopf Matthew , Chalder Trudie , Pick Susannah 
Published: November 2023

Objectives/AimsAltered interoception may be a core pathophysiological mechanism in functional neurological disorder (FND). However, there have been inconsistent findings from interoceptive accuracy paradigms, with several studies reporting no significant group differences in comparisons to controls when tested at rest/baseline. This is contrary to evidence for alterations in other interoceptive dimensions including awareness (metacognitive evaluation of interoceptive accuracy) and sensibility (self- reported sensitivity to bodily sensations) in this population. We aimed to measure interoception across several dimensions, with the prediction that individuals with FND would show reduced accuracy, awareness, and sensibility compared to controls.MethodsIndividuals with FND (n=17, 13F:4M, 10 motor symptoms, 7 motor/seizures) and healthy controls (HC, n=17, 13F:4M) completed measures of interoceptive accuracy and awareness (modified heartbeat tracking task [HTT]) and a time estimation task (TET). Participants also completed a validated scale of interoceptive sensibility (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2, MAIA-2).ResultsThe groups were matched for age (p=.51), sex (p=1.00), and body mass index (p=.19). FND and HC groups did not differ in interoceptive accuracy (p=1.00) or awareness (p=.99), although the FND group displayed lower scores on the ‘Not- Distracting’ (p<.001,g=1.42) and ‘Trusting’ (p=.005,g=1.17) subscales of the MAIA-2, relative to controls. There was no relationship in either group between HTT and TET scores. There was a significant positive relationship between HTT accuracy and awareness (confidence) in the control group (r=.61,p=.016) but not in the FND group (r=.11,p=.69). Exploratory correlations revealed a significant positive relationship between interoceptive awareness and the ‘Self-Regulation’ subscale of the MAIA-2 in the FND group (r=.77,p=.002).ConclusionsIndividuals with FND did not differ from HCs on interoceptive accuracy or awareness, measured at rest. The lower levels of ‘Not-Distracting’ and ‘Trusting’ seen in this FND sample replicated our previous study, suggesting that there may be a separation between trait and state interoceptive awareness in FND, reinforcing the need for interoception to be considered within a multidimensional framework. The lack of relationship between interoceptive accuracy and awareness in the FND group also implies that there may be a disconnect between actual performance and subjective confidence. Our future work will explore the possibility that interoceptive impairments in FND may be state dependent, measuring these interoceptive domains with other paradigms, in larger samples, compared to both healthy and clinical controls.
14 Neural circuit mapping of waiting impulsivity and proactive inhibition with convergent evidence from fMRI and TMS
Authors: Skandali Nikolina , Baek Kwangyeol , Sallie Samantha N , Sonkusare Saurabh , Mandali Alekhya , Ritou Valentin , Casero Violeta , Voon Valerie 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesWaiting and stopping are essential and distinct elements of appropriate behavioural control with its dysfunction implicated in various impulsivity related mental disorders. Although rodent and human studies have investigated both phenomena, the role of preparing to stop in waiting impulsivity has rarely been investigated. Furthermore, convergent evidence from multi-modal investigation tools remains a poorly utilized approach in addressing such questions.MethodsHere, we conducted two separate, but hierarchical studies, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the neural circuit involved in waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping, and subsequently provide mechanistic and causal evidence of disruption of this circuit by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We used a validated human version of the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time (5CSRT) task and developed a novel proactive stopping task.ResultsWe first show a shared neural network comprising the pre-supplementary motor area and bilateral anterior insula underlying both waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping. We further demonstrate activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) negatively correlated with waiting impulsivity in trials with additional target onset delay. A subsequent study applying continuous theta burst stimulation (a TMS inhibitory protocol) to LIFG in fifty-one healthy volunteers in a single-blind, randomized control-design, demonstrated active stimulation of LIFG significantly increased waiting impulsivity.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the relevance of task design in assessing waiting impulsivity with CSRT tasks and highlight the role of LIFG integrity and related neural circuitry in waiting impulsivity.
20 Reflexive downregulation of memory systems in dissociative amnesia: a case series
Authors: Marsh Laura , Nardo Davide , Poole Norman , Zeman Adam , Woodberry Emma , Kopelman Michael , Anderson Michael 
Published: November 2023

Objectives/AimsThe neurocognitive mechanisms underlying dissociative amnesia are poorly understood. It has been proposed that personal memory retrieval is inhibited via top- down cognitive control mechanisms. We developed a behavioural paradigm to test this hypothesised mechanism in a prospectively-recruited case series.MethodsParticipants included 3 patients with dissociative amnesia, alongside two groups of 12 healthy controls. Patients were shown photographs of people from their personal past who were either recognisable, or who were forgotten due to their amnesia. We hypothesised that seeing forgotten faces would lead to global downregulation of the hippocampus/medial temporal memory systems, which would temporarily impair hippocampally-mediated encoding and stabilisation processes. To test this, we presented novel ‘bystander’ images immediately before and after presentation of personal reminders. These included photographs of objects in particular location, and participants were asked to generate a story for how the object came to be in the given location. Later, a surprise memory test assessed memory for these bystander objects. We predicted that recall of bystanders presented before/after forgotten faces would be impaired relative to those presented before/after recognised faces. Healthy controls were shown i) faces from their recent vs remote past, and ii) familiar vs novel faces, and were predicted to show no difference in bystander recall across conditions.ResultsIn line with our hypothesis, all three patients showed impairments in later recall of novel bystander items that were presented immediately before and/or after forgotten faces, relative to recognisable faces. Neither group of healthy control showed differences across conditions, confirming that the deficit was not merely a consequence of seeing an unrecognisable face. The task was repeated with one patient following memory recovery, at which point he recognised all of the faces. We no longer observed any differences in bystander encoding between conditions.ConclusionsResults indicate that memory systems are reflexively and globally downregulated when people with dissociative amnesia are reminded of people they no longer recognise, impairing encoding of novel information.
22 How does the free cog compare to the Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination (ACE III) in traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Authors: Paramlall M , Swanepoel H , Cotton L , O’Roarke I , Leong KK , Harding S 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesCognitive dysfunction is the most frequent sequalae post TBI1with a prevalence of 25–70%2and has been implicated in poorer patient outcomes such as greater difficulties in employment, maintaining relationships, pursuing leisure activities and quality of life,3with impairments in attention, concentration, memory, language, executive functions and reduced speed of information processing.4Brief screening instruments may not identify frontal lobe disorders with impairments in executive and social function. Here we looked at the Free-Cog, a novel, hybrid, cognitive screening instrument that assess both cognitive and executive function in a single instrument5and comparing it to a known standard, the ACE III.MethodsA cohort of 10 males with moderate to severe TBI admitted in a neuropsychiatry unit between 2021 and 2022 were assessed with both an ACE III and the Free Cog.ResultsPatients varied in age (20–71), TBI site and of differing chronicity. Z scores were calculated using published normative data. Spearman’s rho showed positive correlation between the two data sets (Correlation Coefficient 0.81818, p(2-tailed) = 0.00381).Therefore, there was a statistically significant agreement between the subjective total Free Cog scores and the ACE III.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the Free Cog may be a useful brief screening in TBI patients and is consistent with the Free-Cog index study which showed high correlation and similar diagnostic accuracy in old age memory clinics where it was compared with Mini Mental Screening Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the ACE-III.6These preliminary findings indicate further assessment of the Free Cog is warranted with examination of outcomes in different domains and in a wider range of TBI severity.ReferencesMcAllister TW. Neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury: evaluation and management.World Psychiatry2008;7(1):3–10.Vaishnavi S, Rao V, Fann JR. Neuropsychiatric problems after traumatic brain injury: unraveling the silent epidemic.Psychosomatics2009;50(3):198–205.Zhang J, Feinstein A. Screening for cognitive impairments after traumatic brain injury: a comparison of a brief computerized battery with the montreal cognitive assessment.J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci.2016;28:328–331; doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16010005Rao V, Lyketsos C. Neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury.Psychosomatics2000;41(2):95–103. Review.Burns A, Larner AJ. Do we need yet another cognitive test? Free-Cog, a novel, hybrid, cognitive screening instrument.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2021;92:1359–1360.Burns A, Harrison JR, Symonds C,et al. A novel hybrid scale for the assessment of cognitive and executive function: the Free-Cog.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry2020;14.
23 How the emotions of others capture our attention: a human amygdala disruption study
Authors: Jha Ashwani , Diehl Beate , Strange Bryan , Miserocchi Anna , Chowdhury Fahmida , McEvoy Andrew W , Nachev Parashkev 
Published: November 2023

AimWe instinctively look towards faces expressing strong emotions such as fear. This survival-critical response – potentially alerting us to danger – requires rapid detection (sensory) and orientation (motor) towards a facein advance ofconscious recognition of the emotion. But the neural basis of this response is unclear. Correlative evidence suggests the amygdala may play a role, but rare studies of humans with chronic amygdala damage conflict variously reporting impaired,1unaffected2or heightened3detection of fear. How the amygdala contributes to a spatially specificoculomotorresponse also requires explanation. We aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying this instinctive response.MethodsWe studied six patients with intracranial unilateral amygdala electrodes temporarily implanted for the clinical evaluation of focal epilepsy. We invited them to perform a custom behavioural task designed to dissociate the location of fearful face presentation (sensory) from the direction of the orientation response (motor). We recorded eye-movements with and without focal, transient, unilateral direct electrical disruption of the amygdala in a block design. Saccade latencies and choices were modelled with multi-level Bayesian models.ResultsWe analysed 1064 trials. Amygdala disruption delayed gaze shifts towards faces presented in the contralateral hemifield regardless of their emotional expression establishing the functional lateralisation of the human amygdala. Dissociating face location from response direction implicated the amygdala not only in detecting contralateral faces, but also in automatically orienting specifically towards fearful ones. This salience-specific role manifested, within a drift-diffusion model of action, as an orientation bias towards the location of potential threat. Pixel-wise analysis of target facial morphology revealed scleral exposure as its primary driver.ConclusionsThe amygdala is here re-conceptualised as a functionally lateralised instrument of earlyaction, reconciling previous conflicting accounts confined todetection, and revealing a neural organisation analogous to the superior colliculus, with which it is phylogenetically kin. Greater clarity on its role has the potential to guide therapeutic resection, and inform novel focal stimulation techniques for the management of neuropsychiatric conditions.ReferencesAdolphs R,et al. Nature1994;372:669–672.Gamer M,et al. Curr Biol2013;23:R917–R918.Terburg D,et al. Transl Psychiatry2012;2:e115–10.
Sensorimotor features in Autism
Authors: Nicholson Tim 
Published: November 2023

Tim Nicholson is a Reader in Neuropsychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London where he leads the Neuropsychiatry Research and Education Group. He is an Honorary Consultant Neuropsychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust where he currently runs a Long COVID clinic focusing on neuropsychiatric complications.His clinical work and research covers the full spectrum of neuropsychiatry, but with a particular interest in Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) and immunopsychiatry. More recently he has focused on both the acute and chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 including leading the psychiatry reporting system of the Coronerve surveillance study, the neuropsychiatry working group of the COVID-CNS project and the PC-COS study developing a Core Outcome Set for Long COVID. At the start of the pandemic he set up a weekly JNNP blog to rapidly collate and summarise the rapidly emerging data on the neuropsychiatric complications of COVID that has developed into Neuropsychiatry.net – a dynamic and expanding group of clinicians and scientists of all levels and backgrounds interested in neuropsychiatry research and education specialising in online distributed teamwork producing large and high impact systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as increasing education activities such as a trainee led online journal club.He also has a particular interest in psychopharmacology and wrote 6 editions of the practical prescribing guide Pocket Prescriber. He co-edits the specialist version of this book (Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, Rogers et al) produced in collaboration with the British Association of Psychopharmacology, the 2ndedition of which is scheduled to be published later this year. He is on the executive committee of the RCPsych Neuropsychiatry Faculty, the BNPA, Chair of the MSc in Clinical Neuropsychiatry at the IoPPN and a council member of the Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine.AbstractA wide range of complex sensorimotor features are a common yet relatively overlooked aspect of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Most clinical and research attention is understandably on social and cognitive function in ASD. I will give an overview of what we know about these sensorimotor features in terms of the range of clinical features and the potential mechanisms underlying them. I will argue that these features deserve more research attention which could not only lead to a greater understanding and better management of the full range of distressing and disabling symptoms experienced by people with ASD, but also potentially provide insights into both broader brain function and dysfunction and the aetiology and management of disorders with which ASD may overlap and/or commonly co-occur with including functional as well as organic disorders.
Frontotemporal dementia and autism spectrum disorder: complex bedfellows
Authors: Hodges John 
Published: November 2023

John is Professor Emeritus John Hodges, Brain and Mind centre, University of Sydney.John qualified in Medicine from London University with honours (1975) and undertook periods of psychiatric and neurological training in Southampton, Oxford and San Diego and obtained his MD in 1988. From 1997 to 2007 he was MRC Professor of Behavioural Neurology with joint appointments in the Department of Clinical Neuroscience at Addenbrooke’s Hospital and the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit Cambridge. He moved to Sydney in 2007 obtaining an ARC Federation Fellowship and established FRONTIER with the support from the ARC and NHMRC. He has a longstanding interest in many aspects of cognition particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. He is the author of over 450 journal articles and five books including Cognitive Assessment for Clinicians (OUP 2007), Early Onset Dementia (OUP) Frontotemporal Dementia Syndromes (CUP, 2007).AbstractAlthough the syndrome of behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) was recognised many years ago, the centrality of changes in social cognition became apparent around 20 years ago when it was realised that these features overlap considerably with those seen in people with Autistic Spectrum disorder (ASD). In 2002 we were the first show that patients with bvFTD had impaired performance of a range of theory of mind tasks thus consolidating the clinical overlap between bvFTD and ASD, although those with the former differ in that they progress to full blown dementia and eventual death.After running a cognitive disorders clinic in Cambridge for a decade, we recognised a subgroup of men presenting with abnormal social cognition who had been initially diagnosed with bvFTD, yet failed to progress over many years of follow up. They have been termed ‘phenocopy cases’. It has been suggested that such men have lifelong ASD presenting in mid- to late-life because of changes in life circumstances (such as a new partner) or the additional effects of brain ageing. The aetiology of the phenocopy syndrome remains, however, contentious.To complicate the picture, it was recognised that patients with the C9orf72 mutation (identified in 2011 and found to be the commonest genetic cause of FTD) may progress very slowly. A study screening for the mutation in phenocopy cases showed the mutation to be rarely present. In contrast, a study involving 1,400 family members of FTD patients (with and without the mutation) showed that children from C9orf72 families had a significantly higher rate of ASD. Clearly there is much to be leant. Does late life ASD simply mimic bvFTD, could ASD be a risk factor for FTD or are they separate disorders with a shared genetic background? As usual, more studies are needed.
The effects of raw and steam-pressure toasted faba bean seeds on the production performance in high-lactating dairy cows
Authors: Espinosa María E. Rodríguez , Oquendo Víctor H. Guevara , Christensen David A. , Yu Peiqiang 
Published: November 2023

Introducing new feeds for feeding options requires reliable information to prove beneficial impacts on animal productivity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of 10% inclusion of raw faba bean seeds (R-FBS) and steam-pressure toasted FBS (SP-FBS) on dairy production performance and metabolism. Snowbird FBS were processed by steam-pressure toasting at 121 °C for 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 min. Total mixed rations (TMRs) were prepared using R-FBS (FBS0) and SP-FBS (FBS7.5, FBS15, and FBS30). The TMRs were fed to cows (second and third lactation, 69 ± 15 days in milk, and 720 kg mean BW) for 120 days (November 2020 to February 2021). Data were analyzed using a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square design model with treatment as the fixed effect and cows as the random effect. Feed efficiency was linearly decreased as processing times increased ( P = 0.02) from 1.63 with FBS0 to 1.52 with FBS30. Milk urea nitrogen decreased from 12.18 mg/dL with FBS0 to 11.10 mg/dL with FBS30 (linear P < 0.01). Heating FBS for 7.5 min could be suitable for increasing milk fat and feed efficiency in dairy cows. We believe that high-lactating dairy cows can be fed locally grown faba beans to support their production performance.
A retarding field thermal probe for combined plasma diagnostics
Authors: Schlichting Felix , Kersten Holger 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe wide variety and ever-growing applications of plasma processes in research and industry require an equally growing diversity and accessibility of suitable plasma diagnostics. The plasma parameters and the tailoring thereof strongly influence the outcome of thin film deposition, plasma etching, or surface treatments, to name only a few. To further enhance the determination of different fluxes of species, their energies, and behaviour influencing a surface process, a custom-built combination of two commonly used diagnostics was developed. With a retarding field energy analyzer, one can obtain the ion energy distribution in a plasma by measuring the current at the collector depending on the applied voltage at the scan grid. A passive thermal probe determines the energy flux density coming from a process plasma by measuring the temperature change of a dummy substrate. In this study, we present a retarding field energy analyzer where a passive thermal probe substitutes the collector. By doing so, we can determine the energy distribution of the charged ions, their energy flux density at a certain potential, and the power deposited onto a substrate. Another advantage is that the thermal probe can even measure the power deposited by incoming (fast) neutrals and of the background gas when the grids keep away the ions. Hence, combining these two powerful diagnostics yields information neither can deliver on their own. The probe has been tested in three different plasma environments: ion beam source, magnetron sputtering and radio frequency discharge plasma.
Adiabatic expansion, local equilibrium and extended Maxwell distribution for fire-ball to describe multiple particle production (II)
Authors: Ohsawa Akinori 
Published: November 2023

The model of multiple particle production in [A. Ohsawa, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A (2023) 2350166.] assumes a fire-ball of a gas, consisting of grains, with the adiabatic and one-dimensional expansion, local equilibrium at the final state and the extended Maxwell distribution for the energy distribution of the grains. There are small and large [Formula: see text] (transverse momentum) processes for grains. The grain produces several hadrons to be observed in the experiments at the final state. The model describes well the pseudo-rapidity density distributions and the [Formula: see text] distributions at various incident energies. In this paper it is shown that the model reproduces well the incident energy dependences of [Formula: see text] (the average [Formula: see text] of produced particles), [Formula: see text] (the charged multiplicity) and [Formula: see text] (the pseudo-rapidity density at [Formula: see text]). Furthermore it is shown that the inelasticity is almost energy-independent and [Formula: see text] in the energy region of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV, and that the Feynman scaling law is violated. The model indicates that the fire-ball satisfies the conditions for quark-gluon plasma, that the grains of the large [Formula: see text] process may be identified with jets, and that [Formula: see text]’s of the grains in the large [Formula: see text] process are due to mutual collision of the grains during the one-dimensional expansion.