bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects on Blood Concentrations of Certain Serum Fat‐soluble Vitamins of Long‐term Feeding of Dairy Cows on a Diet Supplemented with Clinoptilolite
Authors: Katsoulos P. D. , Panousis N. , Roubies N. , Christaki E. , Karatzias H. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of clinoptilolite (a natural zeolite) supplementation in the ration of dairy cows on serum β‐carotene, vitamins A and E concentrations. Fifty‐two clinically healthy Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to their age and parity. The first group (group A, n = 17), was offered a concentrate feed supplemented with 1.25% clinoptilolite. The second group (group B, n = 17), was offered a concentrate feed supplemented with 2.5% clinoptilolite. The third group (group C, n = 18), which served as controls, was offered the same concentrate feed without clinoptilolite supplementation. All cows were fed the above concentrates continuously starting 30 days before the expected parturition up to the end of lactation. Blood samples from individual animals were collected just before the start of experiment, at the day of calving and, thereafter, at monthly intervals. All samples were tested for serum β‐carotene, vitamins A and E concentrations. The results showed that the 1.25 and 2.5% supplementation of clinoptilolite had no adverse effect on serum concentrations of β‐carotene, vitamins A and E.
Pathogenesis of Ascites in Broilers Raised at Low Altitude: Aetiological Considerations Based on Echocardiographic Findings
Authors: Olkowski A. A. , Abbott J. A. , Classen H. L. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThis study reports novel insight into the aetiology of pulmonary hypertension and ascites in broiler chickens. The scope of measurements was focused on anatomical and functional parameters, and blood flow patterns in leghorns (resistant to ascites), fast‐growing broilers (susceptible to ascites), broilers developing ascites, and ascitic broilers evaluated in vivo using echocardiography, and further examined in the context of postmortem findings. Both, in vivo observed features and postmortem findings, showed clear differences between broilers and leghorns, and between normal and ascitic broilers. Abnormalities in the heart chamber geometry and blood flow patterns were detected upon echocardiographic examination in all ascitic broilers. Right and left atrio‐ventricular (AV) valve regurgitation were common findings in ascitic broilers and some apparently normal broilers, with left AV valve insufficiency being a predominant feature with respect to degree and frequency of occurrence. Blood flow disturbances were not detected in leghorns. Left ventricular fractional shortening (functional parameter) was considerably reduced (P < 0.01) in ascitic birds (mean: 21.7 ± 2.0 SE) in comparison with normal broilers (mean: 39.1 ± 3.6 SE), or leghorns (mean: 43.3 ± 2.4 SE). The presented findings indicate that pathological and functional changes in the left ventricle and atrium play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ascites in broilers. Severe dilation of the left atrium and pulmonary veins seen on postmortem examination, as well as regurgitant blood flow in the left atrium, demonstrated by Doppler study in ascitic birds, provide evidence that chronically elevated pressure in the left atrium is involved in the aetiology of pulmonary hypertension and ascites in fast‐growing broilers.
The Opioid Haemorphin‐7 in Horses During Low‐speed and High‐speed Treadmill Exercise to Fatigue
Authors: Collinder E. , Nyberg F. , Sanderson‐Nydahl K. , Gottlieb‐Vedi M. , Lindholm A. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe opioid neuropeptide haemorphin‐7 was measured, by immunoreactivity, in Standardbred horses during low‐speed (7 m/s) and high‐speed (10 m/s) endurance exercises, lasting 49–58 and 12–16 min respectively. In parallel, heart rate, muscle temperature and plasma lactate concentrations were measured. The profile of the low‐speed exercise showed significantly increased heart rate after 10 min [154 beats per minute (bpm)]. After the exercise, muscle temperature (42.1°C) and plasma lactate (4.8 mmol/l) were significantly increased. The profile of the high‐speed exercise was comparatively characterized by a higher increase of heart rate after 5 min (194 bpm) and higher increases of muscle temperature (43.2°C) and lactate levels (15.8 mmol/l) after the exercise. The horses were probably exhausted by glycogen depletion in the low‐speed exercise and by muscle pH decrease in the high‐speed exercise. Haemorphin‐7 increased significantly during the high‐speed exercise (274.8 fmol/ml) but not during low speed (108.3 fmol/ml), coincident with the results of lactate. These results suggest that plasma haemorphin‐7 is measurable in the horse by immunoreactivity, and that intense exercise stimulates release of this opioid. Such endogenous opioids are most likely involved in regulatory functions associated with pain, physical effort, inflammation, and blood pressure variation in horses, as have been established in other species.
An optimized method for intensive screening of molecules that stimulate β‐defensin 2 or 3 (hBD2 or hBD3) expression in cultured normal human keratinocytes
Authors: Pernet I. , Reymermier C. , Guezennec A. , Viac J. , Guesnet J. , Perrier E. 
Published: May 2005

SynopsisNormal human skin controls the intrusion of microorganisms by the production of peptide antibiotics such as defensins. The aim of our study was to develop a culture model of normal human keratinocytes for optimal β‐defensin mRNA detection which allows the screening of molecules able to stimulate hBD2 and hBD3 without inducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. A keratinocyte culture model in 96‐well plates, in high calcium medium (1.7 mm) allowed to analyze hBD2 and hBD3 mRNA expression in basal condition and after cell stimulation by products from diverse vegetal extracts. The release of IL‐8 and the chemokine MIP‐3α was also evaluated in cell supernatants by ELISA. Among the 184 extracts tested, 75 showed a stimulatory effect on β‐defensin expression: 40 on hBD2, 26 on hBD3 and nine on both defensins. Fifteen of these substances which also induced the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were eliminated. Among the other substances, four were selected and were analyzed in a dose‐dependent study (n = 4) by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and completed by a measure of MIP‐3α, IL‐8 and IL‐1α levels. These data underline the important necessity of screening result controls by a quantitative method reproduced at least three times. This new method of intensive screening allowed us to exhibit vegetal extracts that were able to stimulate epidermal β‐defensin expression without inducing an up‐secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Neyman type A distribution revisited
Authors: Massé Jean–Claude , Theodorescu Radu 
Published: May 2005

The modality structure of the Neyman type A distribution is examined. The results obtained add to those previously stated in Barton (1957) (or in Johnsonet al. (1992, p. 370)) and in Shenton and Bowman (1967). Strong unimodality of this distribution is also considered. Problem 328 in Statistica Neerlandica (Theodorescu (1997)) and its solution (Borwein (2000)) play an important part.
Pre‐attack symptomatology and temperament as predictors of children's responses to the September 11 terrorist attacks
Authors: Lengua Liliana J. , Long Anna C. , Smith Kimberlee I. , Meltzoff Andrew N. 
Published: May 2005

Background:  The aims of this study were to assess the psychological response of children following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, DC and to examine prospective predictors of children's post‐attack responses.Method:  Children's responses were assessed in a community sample of children in Seattle, Washington, participating in an ongoing study. Symptomatology and temperament assessed prior to the attacks were examined as prospective predictors of post‐attack post‐traumatic stress (PTS), anxiety, depression and externalizing problems.Results:  Children demonstrated PTS symptoms and worries at levels comparable to those in children directly experiencing disasters, with 77% of children reporting being worried, 68% being upset by reminders, and 39% having upsetting thoughts. The most common PTS symptom cluster was re‐experiencing, and 8% of children met criteria consistent with PTSD. African‐American children reported more avoidant PTS symptoms and being more upset by the attacks than European‐American children. Girls reported being more upset than boys. Prior internalizing, externalizing, social competence and self‐esteem were related to post‐attack PTS; and child inhibitory control, assessed prior to the 9/11 attacks, demonstrated a trend towards an association with post‐attack PTS symptoms controlling for prior levels of symptomatology. PTS predicted child‐report anxiety and conduct problem symptoms at follow‐up, approximately 6 months after 9/11.Conclusions:  Children experiencing a major disaster at a distance or indirectly through media exposure demonstrated worries and PTS symptoms suggesting that communities need to attend to children's mental health needs in response to national or regional disasters. Pre‐disaster symptomatology or low self‐regulation may render children more vulnerable in response to a disaster, and immediate post‐disaster responses predict subsequent symptomatology. These variables might be used in the identification of children in need of intervention.
Ethnic group, acculturation, and psychiatric problems in young immigrants
Authors: Oppedal Brit , Røysamb Espen , Heyerdahl Sonja 
Published: May 2005

Background:  The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ethnic origin and acculturation factors on psychiatric problems among immigrant adolescents. One aim was to examine variations in psychiatric problems according to gender and immigrant generation level. Another aim was to explore ethnic group differences in psychiatric problems and acculturation risk and protective factors. Finally, we examined the potential mediating effect of acculturation in the relationship between ethnic origin and psychiatric symptoms.Method:  Questionnaire data were collected from 1275 immigrant 10th graders with 11 different ethnic origins. Psychiatric problems were measured by the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire. Acculturation risk factors involved perceived discrimination and ethnic identity crisis. Protective factors were family values, host and ethnic culture competence.Results:  First‐generation girls and second‐generation boys were identified as particularly vulnerable to psychiatric problems. There was significant variation in psychiatric problems and acculturation between ethnic groups. There was substantial ethnic group‐level correlation between emotional and conduct problems, and between discrimination and peer problems. Otherwise, a differentiated pattern of high‐scoring ethnic groups emerged across the various symptom and acculturation indices. ANOVAs yielded unique effects on each symptom category of both ethnic group and the acculturation risk and protective factors, undermining the notion of a mediating effect of acculturation.Conclusions:  There is a complex pattern of adaptation in cultural context and idiosyncratic relationships between distinct psychiatric symptom groups and socio‐cultural factors. Information about the differentiated vulnerability of gender, generation, and ethnic groups to psychiatric morbidity is important to identify groups at special risk, and to produce interventions that are tailored to their needs. Future studies should examine how cultural factors contribute both to resilience and to an increased vulnerability to psychiatric problems.
Annotation: Velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome
Authors: Murphy K.C. 
Published: May 2005

Background:  Velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (VCFS), the most frequent known interstitial deletion identified in man, is associated with chromosomal microdeletions in the q11 band of chromosome 22. Individuals with VCFS are reported to have a characteristic behavioural phenotype with high rates of behavioural, psychiatric, neuropsychological and linguistic disorders.Methods:  A selective literature review was undertaken.Results:  Children and adults with VCFS have high rates of behavioural, psychiatric and communication disorders. While VCFS children have high rates of ADHD, anxiety and affective disorders, adults have high rates of psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia. In addition, the presence of a chromosome 22q11 deletion is associated with specific neuropsychological and neuroanatomical abnormalities.Conclusions:  People with VCFS have a characteristic behavioural phenotype with high rates of behavioural, psychiatric, neuropsychological and communication disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment within a multidisciplinary framework is of paramount importance for VCFS individuals as this will have a major effect in determining the long‐term outcome in affected individuals. Longitudinal studies of VCFS children are currently under way to identify precursor symptoms and areas of dysfunction which precede the later development of major psychiatric disorder. Identification of such prodromal features in VCFS may have enormous implications for the clinical management of major psychiatric disorder in VCFS and in the wider population.
No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study
Authors: Honda Hideo , Shimizu Yasuo , Rutter Michael 
Published: May 2005

Background:  A causal relationship between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been claimed, based on an increase in ASD in the USA and the UK after introduction of the MMR vaccine. However, the possibility that this increase is coincidental has not been eliminated. The unique circumstances of a Japanese MMR vaccination program provide an opportunity for comparison of ASD incidence before and after termination of the program.Methods:  This study examined cumulative incidence of ASD up to age seven for children born from 1988 to 1996 in Kohoku Ward (population approximately 300,000), Yokohama, Japan. ASD cases included all cases of pervasive developmental disorders according to ICD‐10 guidelines.Results:  The MMR vaccination rate in the city of Yokohama declined significantly in the birth cohorts of years 1988 through 1992, and not a single vaccination was administered in 1993 or thereafter. In contrast, cumulative incidence of ASD up to age seven increased significantly in the birth cohorts of years 1988 through 1996 and most notably rose dramatically beginning with the birth cohort of 1993.Conclusions:  The significance of this finding is that MMR vaccination is most unlikely to be a main cause of ASD, that it cannot explain the rise over time in the incidence of ASD, and that withdrawal of MMR in countries where it is still being used cannot be expected to lead to a reduction in the incidence of ASD.
Treatment of peri‐implantitis by the Vector® system
Authors: Karring Eva S. , Stavropoulos Andreas , Ellegaard Birgit , Karring Thorkild 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim: To compare the effectiveness of treatment of peri‐implantitis with a novel ultrasonic device, the Vector® system, with that of subgingival debridement with carbon fiber curettes.Material and methods: The study, comprising 11 patients with at least two screw type implants with bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD)≥5 mm, and at least 1.5 mm radiographic bone loss and exposed implant threads, was carried out as a single blind randomized clinical trial. At baseline one randomly chosen implant in each patient was treated by the Vector® system (test) while the other implant (control) was treated by submucosal debridement with a carbon fiber curette. After 3 months, the same treatments were repeated. Plaque, BOP, and PPD were recorded on all implant surfaces at baseline, and after 3 and 6 months. Bone levels were recorded on radiographs taken prior to the start of the study, and after 6 months.Results: Oral hygiene around both test and control implants was improved at 3 and 6 months compared with baseline. At 6 months, four of the Vector®‐treated sites, and only one site treated with curettes, had stopped to bleed. In neither the test nor the control group, were there any differences between baseline and 6 months regarding PPD and bone levels.Conclusion: Although there was a greater reduction in the number of sites with BOP following treatment with the Vector® system than following instrumentation with carbon fiber curettes, there was no significant difference between the two methods.
Active Control of Tip Clearance Flow in Axial Compressors
Authors: Bae Jin Woo , Breuer Kenneth S. , Tan Choon S. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Control of compressor tip clearance flows is explored in a linear cascade using three types of fluidic actuators; normal synthetic jet (NSJ; unsteady jet normal to the mean flow with zero net mass flux), directed synthetic jet (DSJ; injection roughly aligned with the mean flow), and steady directed jet (SDJ), mounted on the casing wall. The effectiveness of each active control technique is determined in terms of its ability to achieve: (1) reduction of tip leakage flow rate, (2) mixing enhancement between tip leakage and core flow, and (3) increase in streamwise momentum of the flow in the endwall region. The measurements show that the NSJ provides mixing enhancement only, or both mixing enhancement and leakage flow reduction, depending on its pitchwise location. The DSJ and SDJ actuators provide streamwise momentum enhancement with a consequent reduction of clearance-related blockage. The blockage reduction associated with the use of NSJ is sensitive to actuator frequency, whereas that with the use of DSJ is not. For a given actuation amplitude, DSJ and SDJ are about twice as effective as NSJ in reducing clearance-related blockage. Further the DSJ and SDJ can eliminate clearance-related blockage with a time-averaged momentum flux roughly 16% of the momentum flux of the leakage flow. However, achieving an overall gain in efficiency appears to be hard; the decrease in loss is only about 30% of the expended flow power from the present SDJ actuator. Guidelines for improving the efficiency of the directed jet actuation are presented.
Numerical Study of Unsteady Flow in a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Majidi Kitano 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been used to solve the unsteady three-dimensional viscous flow in the entire impeller and volute casing of a centrifugal pump. The results of the calculations are used to predict the impeller/volute interaction and to obtain the unsteady pressure distribution in the impeller and volute casing. The calculated unsteady pressure distribution is used to determine the unsteady blade loading. The calculations at the design point and at two off-design points are carried out with a multiple frame of reference and a sliding mesh technique is applied to consider the impeller/volute interaction. The results obtained show that the flow in the impeller and volute casing is periodically unsteady and confirm the circumferential distortion of the pressure distribution at the impeller outlet and in the volute casing. Due to the interaction between impeller blades and the tongue of the volute casing the flow is characterized by pressure fluctuations, which are strong at the impeller outlet and in the vicinity of the tongue. These pressure fluctuations are died away in the casing as the advancement angle increases. These reduced pressure fluctuations are spread to the discharge nozzle; the pressure fluctuations are also reflected to the impeller inlet and they affect the mass flow rate through the blade passages.
Parametric Effects on Heat Transfer of Impingement on Dimpled Surface
Authors: Kanokjaruvijit Koonlaya , Martinez-Botas Ricardo F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractJet impingement on a dimpled surface is investigated experimentally for Reynolds numbers in the range 5000–11500, and jet-to-plate spacing from 1 to 12 jet-diameters. These include spatially resolved local Nusselt numbers with impingement both on the dimpled itself and on the flat portion between dimples. Two dimple geometries are considered: hemispherical dimples and double or cusp elliptical dimples. All experiments were carried under maximum crossflow that is the spent air exits along one way. At the narrow jet-to-plate spacing such as H/Dj=2, a vigorous recirculation occurred, which prevented the dimpled plate to enhance heat transfer. The effect of impinging jet positions meant that impinging onto dimples generated more and higher energetic vortices, and this led to better heat transfer performance. Cusped elliptical dimples increase the heat transfer compared to a flat plate less than the hemispherical geometry. The influence of dimple depth was also considered, the shallower dimple, d/Dd=0.15, improves significantly the heat transfer by 64% compared to that of the flat surface impingement at H/Dj=4; this result was 38% higher than that for a deeper dimple of d/Dd=0.25. The very significant increase in average heat transfer makes dimple surface impingement a candidate for cooling applications. Detailed pressure measurements will form a second part of this paper, however, plenum pressure measurements are illustrated here as well as a surface pressure measurement on both streamwise and spanwise directions.
The Unsteady Development of a Turbulent Wake Through a Downstream
Low-Pressure Turbine Blade Passage
Authors: Stieger R. D. , Hodson H. P. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
This paper presents two-dimensional LDA measurements of the convection of a wake through a low-pressure turbine cascade. Previous studies have shown the wake convection to be kinematic, but have not provided details of the turbulent field. The spatial resolution of these measurements has facilitated the calculation of the production of turbulent kinetic energy, and this has revealed a mechanism for turbulence production as the wake convects through the blade row. The measured ensemble-averaged velocity field confirmed the previously reported kinematics of wake convection while the measurements of the turbulence quantities showed the wake fluid to be characterized by elevated levels of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and to have an anisotropic structure. Based on the measured mean and turbulence quantities, the production of turbulent kinetic energy was calculated. This highlighted a TKE production mechanism that resulted in increased levels of turbulence over the rear suction surface where boundary-layer transition occurs. The turbulence production mechanism within the blade row was also observed to produce more anisotropic turbulence. Production occurs when the principal stresses within the wake are aligned with the mean strains. This coincides with the maximum distortion of the wake within the blade passage and provides a mechanism for the production of turbulence outside of the boundary layer.