bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guest‐Regulated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Porphyrin‐Based Multicomponent Metallacages for Selective Photocatalysis
Authors: Gao Ke , Cheng Ying , Zhang Zeyuan , Huo Xingda , Guo Chenxing , Fu Wenlong , Xu Jianzhi , Hou Gao‐Lei , Shang Xiaobo , Zhang Mingming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of novel materials for highly efficient and selective photocatalysis is crucial for their practical applications. Herein, we employ the host‐guest chemistry of porphyrin‐based metallacages to regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and further use them for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols. Upon irradiation, the sole metallacage (6) can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) effectively via excited energy transfer, while its complex with C70 (6⊃C70) opens a pathway for electron transfer to promote the formation of superoxide anion (O2⋅−), producing both 1O2 and O2⋅−. The addition of 4,4′‐bipyridine (BPY) to complex 6⊃C70 forms a more stable complex (6⊃BPY) via the coordination of the Zn‐porphyrin faces of 6 and BPY, which drives fullerenes out of the cavities and restores the ability of 1O2 generation. Therefore, benzyl alcohols are oxidized into benzyl aldehydes upon irradiation in the presence of 6 or 6⊃BPY, while they are oxidized into benzoic acids when 6⊃C70 is employed as the photosensitizing agent. This study demonstrates a highly efficient strategy that utilizes the host‐guest chemistry of metallacages to regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species for selective photooxidation reactions, which could promote the utilization of metallacages and their related host‐guest complexes for photocatalytic applications.
CuticleTrace: A toolkit for capturing cell outlines from leaf cuticle with implications for paleoecology and paleoclimatology
Authors: Lloyd Benjamin A. , Barclay Richard S. , Dunn Regan E. , Currano Ellen D. , Mohamaad Ayuni I. , Skersies Kymbre , Punyasena Surangi W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPremiseLeaf epidermal cell morphology is closely tied to the evolutionary history of plants and their growth environments and is therefore of interest to many plant biologists. However, cell measurement can be time consuming and restrictive with current methods. CuticleTrace is a suite of Fiji and R‐based functions that streamlines and automates the segmentation and measurement of epidermal pavement cells across a wide range of cell morphologies and image qualities.Methods and ResultsWe evaluated CuticleTrace‐generated measurements against those from alternate automated methods and expert and undergraduate hand tracings across a taxonomically diverse 50‐image data set of variable image qualities. We observed ~93% statistical agreement between CuticleTrace and expert hand‐traced measurements, outperforming alternate methods.ConclusionsCuticleTrace is a broadly applicable, modular, and customizable tool that integrates data visualization and cell shape measurement with image segmentation, lowering the barrier to high‐throughput studies of epidermal morphology by vastly decreasing the labor investment required to generate high‐quality cell shape data sets.
Mini‐outburst of black hole X‐ray binary GX 339‐4 in 2004
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Kun , He Wei‐Long , Yang Wei‐Jia , Dong Ai‐Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mini‐outburst of black hole X‐ray binaries (BHXBs) is a re‐bright event of light curve, which is often detected in BHXBs with the low orbital period, such as XTE J1650‐500 (), GRO J0422+32 () and Swift J1753.5‐0127 (). Because of its low X‐ray luminosity, the physics properties of mini‐outburst is still unclear. GX 339‐4 is a famous BHXBs with the orbital period and present many normal outburst and failed outburst over the past decades. However, the mini‐outburst is not still detected in GX 339‐4. In this work, using the Rossi X‐ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations, we investigated the energy spectrum properties of the GX 339‐4 outburst in 2004 and confirmed that the outburst in 2004 is a mini‐outburst. It is very interest that the mini‐outburst has been through a whole state transition from Low/Hard state to High/Soft state. We also give a comparison between the normal outburst in 2002 and the mini‐outburst in 2004. And we find that the two outburst present a similar Hardness‐Intensity diagram and spectral properties, which suggest that the normal outburst and mini‐outburst have a similar physics. We think that the mini‐outburst of GX 339‐4 in 2004 can be well explained by the disk instability model.
Robotic‐assisted approaches to urachal carcinoma: A comprehensive systematic review of the safety and efficacy outcomes
Authors: Suartz Caio Vinícius , Martinez Lucas Motta , Brito Pedro Henrique , Neto Carlos Victori , Cordeiro Maurício Dener , Botelho Luiz Antonio Assan , Gallucci Fábio Pescarmona , Mota José Maurício , Nahas William Carlos , Ribeiro‐Filho Leopoldo Alves 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSurgical intervention is the treatment of choice in patients with urachal carcinoma. Due to complications and to reduce hospital stay from open surgery, minimally invasive approaches are desirable. Nowadays, robotic‐assisted surgery has become increasingly popular, and robot‐assisted cystectomy can be performed in patients with urachal carcinoma with low complication rates.MethodsWe performed a systematic review to search for studies that evaluated patients who underwent robotic‐assisted surgery for urachal carcinoma. The outcomes of interest were the type of cystectomy performed, whether there was umbilicus resection, total operative time, console time, intraoperative complications, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, time of hospitalisation, positive surgical margins and the presence of documented tumour recurrence.ResultsIn this study, we evaluated three cohorts comprising a total of 21 patients. The median follow‐up period ranged from 8 to 40 months. Medium age was between 51 and 54 years, with a majority (63.1%) being male. One patient (5.2%) underwent a radical cystectomy, and 19 patients (94.7%) underwent to partial cystectomy. Umbilical resections were performed in all cases, and pelvic lymphadenectomy in 14 cases (73.6%). Recurrence occurred in three patients at a median of 17 months postoperation, two cases in the trocar insertion site. Additionally, there was one death, which was attributed to postoperative cardiovascular complications.ConclusionRobotic‐assisted partial cystectomy has a low incidence of adverse outcomes in patients with urachal carcinoma. Controlled studies, ideally randomised, are warranted to establish the comparative efficacy and safety of the robotic‐assisted cystectomy approach relative to open surgery.
Advancing 3D Printing through Integration of Machine Learning with Algae‐Based Biopolymers
Authors: Bin Abu Sofian Abu Danish Aiman , Lim Hooi Ren , Chew Kit Wayne , Show Pau Loke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe integration of machine learning (ML) with algae‐derived biopolymers in 3D printing is a burgeoning area with the potential to revolutionize various industries. This review article delves into the challenges and advancements in this field, starting with the critical problem it addresses the need for sustainable and efficient additive manufacturing processes. Algae‐based biopolymers, such as alginate and carrageenan, are explored for their viability in 3D printing, highlighting their environmental benefits and technical challenges. The role of ML in enhancing material selection, predictive modeling, and quality control is examined, showcasing how this synergy leads to significant improvements in 3D printing processes. Key findings include the enhanced mechanical properties of algae‐based biopolymers and the optimization of printing parameters through ML algorithms. Examples like the use of Spirulina in creating a range of materials and the application of carrageenan in bone tissue engineering are discussed. The conclusion underscores the transformative impact of combining ML with algae‐based biopolymers in 3D printing, paving the way for innovative, sustainable solutions in additive manufacturing. Despite existing challenges, this integration holds promise for a future of advanced, eco‐friendly manufacturing techniques.
Change in motivational bias during treatment predicts outcome in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Abber Sophie R. , Murray Susan M. , Brown Carina S. , Wierenga Christina E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveReward and punishment sensitivity are known to be altered in anorexia nervosa (AN). Most research has examined these constructs separately although motivated behavior is influenced by considering both the potential for reward and risk of punishment. The present study sought to compare the relative balance of reward and punishment sensitivity in AN versus healthy controls (HCs) and examine whether motivational bias is associated with AN symptoms and treatment outcomes.MethodsAdolescents and adults with AN (n = 262) in a partial hospitalization program completed the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales, and Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) at admission and discharge. HCs (HC; n = 90) completed the BIS/BAS and SPSRQ. Motivational Bias Scores were calculated to reflect the dominance of reward versus punishment sensitivity.ResultsIndividuals with AN demonstrated significantly greater bias toward punishment sensitivity than HC. In AN, a bias toward punishment was associated with higher EDE‐Q Global score at admission. Change in motivational bias during treatment predicted EDE‐Q Global scores, but not BMI, at discharge, with greater increases in reward sensitivity or greater decreases in punishment sensitivity during treatment predicting lower eating pathology. Similar findings were observed using the BIS/BAS and SPSRQ.DiscussionChange in motivational bias during treatment is associated with improved outcomes in AN. However, it appears that much of the change in motivational bias can be attributed to changes in punishment sensitivity, rather than reward sensitivity. Future research should examine the mechanisms underlying punishment sensitivity decreases during treatment.Public SignificanceSensitivity to reward and punishment may be important treatment targets for individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). To date, most research has considered reward and punishment sensitivity separately, rather than examining their relationship to each other. We found that the balance of reward and punishment sensitivity (i.e., motivational bias) differs between healthy controls and those with AN and that this bias is associated with eating disorder symptoms and treatment outcome.
The role of large mammalian herbivores in shaping and maintaining soil microbial communities of natural mineral licks: A case study on sika deer at the firebreak adjacent to the Sino‐Russian border
Authors: Wen Peiying , Wu Feng , Bao Lei , Wang Tianming , Ge Jianping , Wang Hongfang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMineral licks are indispensable habitats to the life history of large mammal herbivores (LMH). Geophagy at licks may provide the necessary minerals for LMH, while LMH may be ecosystem engineers of licks by altering vegetation cover and soil physicochemical properties (SPCP). However, the precise relationship between the LMH and licks remains unclear. To clarify the geophagy function of licks for LMH and their influence on soil at licks, we recorded visitation patterns of sika deer around licks and compared SPCP and microbial communities with the surrounding matrix in a firebreak adjacent to the Sino‐Russian border. Our study indirectly supports the “sodium supplementation” hypothesis. Proofs included (1) a significantly higher sodium, iron, and aluminum contents than the matrix, while lower carbon, nitrogen, and moisture contents; (2) significantly higher deer visitation during sodium‐demand season (growing season), along with an avoidance of licks with high iron contents, which is toxic when overdose. The microbes at the licks differed from those at the matrix, mainly driven by low soil carbon and nitrogen and altered biogeochemical cycles. The microbial communities of licks are vulnerable because of their unstable state and susceptibility to SPCP changes. Structural equation modeling (SEM) clearly showed a much stronger indirect effect of deer on microbes at licks than at the matrix, especially for bacteria. Multiple deer behaviors at licks, such as grazing, trampling, and excretion, can indirectly shape and stabilize microbes by altering carbon and nitrogen input. Our study is the first to characterize soil microbial communities at mineral licks and demonstrate the processes by which LMH shapes those communities. More studies are required to establish a general relationship between the LMH and licks to promote the conservation of natural licks for wildlife.
Analysis of winter diet in Guizhou golden monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) using DNA metabarcoding data
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhong Huafu , Ran Jingcheng , Luo Jiaxin , Chen Meifeng , Li Haibo , Wang Yeying , Cheng Shaochuan , Yan Yuying , Huang Xiaolong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Guizhou golden monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a critically endangered wildlife species, and understanding its diet composition may be useful for assessing its feeding strategies. DNA metabarcoding was used to determine the dietary diversity of R. brelichi. DNA was extracted from 31 faecal samples and amplified chloroplast rbcL and mitochondrial COI DNA was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform. A comparative analysis of the sequences revealed that the five most abundant plant genera were Magnolia, Morinda, Viburnum, Tetradium and Eurya. In winter, R. brelichi mostly consumed shrubs, herbs and shrubs/trees according to the habit of plant genera with higher abundances comparatively. The five most abundant families in animal diet were Psychodidae, Trichinellidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae and Trichoceridae. This study is the first to show the composition of the winter animal diets of R. brelichi based on DNA metabarcoding. These results provide an important basis for understanding the diet of wild R. brelichi, which inhabits only the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, China.
Lost in between–the transition process from a child and adolescent eating disorder service to adult mental health services in the German health care system
Authors: Gilsbach Susanne , Borzikowsy Christoph , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), the process of transition from a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) to an adult mental health service (AMHS) has been recognized as critical, and many patients fear falling through the gap between the two types of service. As reports about the transition process in emerging adults with AN are scarce, the present study aimed to explore the problems and experiences of this age group.MethodWe screened our registry for patients with AN who had been treated as inpatients during childhood and/or adolescence and come of age during the last 3 years. Thirty‐two female patients [mean age 20.3 (1.2) y.] agreed to participate in a semistructured personal or telephone interview assessing their demographic and clinical data, whether they had finalised the transition, and their wishes and experiences regarding the transition process.ResultsOnly approximately one‐third of the participants had already undergone the transition. Nearly 60% of the former patients were still cared for by a CAMHS, and only 12.5% had stopped treatment for AN. Approximately 60% were exclusively or additionally cared for by their general practitioner. More than 50% of the participants still lived with their parents. Approximately 90% of the participants who remained in a CAMHS expressed concerns about transitioning, mostly about losing their trusted therapist and the assumption of personal responsibility.ConclusionPatients with AN often delay the transition from a CAMHS to an AMHS, which they experience as intimidating and overwhelming. Thus, patients should be better prepared for the transition, which should be linked to “developmental readiness” and not to chronological age. Because many patients still live with their family of origin, parents and their family physician should be closely involved in the transition process.
The Bronze Age occupation of the Black Sea coast of Georgia—New insights from settlement mounds of the Colchian plain
Authors: Laermanns Hannes , Elashvili Mikheil , Kirkitadze Giorgi , Loveluck Christopher P. , May Simon Matthias , Kelterbaum Daniel , Papuashvili Revaz , Brückner Helmut 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlong the lower course of the Rioni and several minor rivers, more than 70 settlement mounds (local name: Dikhagudzuba) have been identified by field surveys and remote sensing techniques. They give evidence of a formerly densely populated landscape in the coastal lowlands on the Colchian plain (western Georgia) and have been dated to the Bronze Age. As yet, limited information is available on their internal architecture, the chronology of the different layers and their palaeoenvironmental context. Based on archaeological sources, remote sensing measurements of three mounds and sediment cores from one mound and its closer surroundings, our study presents a review of the relevant literature and reveals the internal structure, distribution and spatial extent of the mounds. Geochemical and sedimentological analyses of element contents (X‐ray fluorescence) and granulometry helped to identify different stratigraphical layers and differentiate between natural facies and anthropogenic deposits; using the Structure‐from‐Motion technique the mounds' dimensions were calculated. The studied settlement mounds had relatively small dimension (varying from 30 to 100 m in diameter) and were similar in their stratigraphy. Measurement of elements that can identify types of human activity, notably metals and phosphorus, suggest changing intensities of human occupation, pastoral agriculture and metalworking through the occupation sequence. According to the 14C chronology, the formation of the settlements occurred during the first half of the second millennium B.C., which confirms the archaeological interpretation of their Bronze Age origin. The narrow age difference between the lowermost and uppermost anthropogenic layers indicates an intentional construction of the mounds, rather than a successive accumulation of construction debris due to the disintegration of loam bricks by weathering. Therefore, they are indeed mounds and not tells. It is most likely that the characteristic circular moats that surround them were the source of their construction material. Fluvial and alluvial processes in a warm and humid climate dominated the environment of the mounds.
Individual word representations dissociate from linguistic context along a cortical unimodal to heteromodal gradient
Authors: Eisenhauer Susanne , Gonzalez Alam Tirso Rene del Jesus , Cornelissen Piers L. , Smallwood Jonathan , Jefferies Elizabeth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLanguage comprehension involves multiple hierarchical processing stages across time, space, and levels of representation. When processing a word, the sensory input is transformed into increasingly abstract representations that need to be integrated with the linguistic context. Thus, language comprehension involves both input‐driven as well as context‐dependent processes. While neuroimaging research has traditionally focused on mapping individual brain regions to the distinct underlying processes, recent studies indicate that whole‐brain distributed patterns of cortical activation might be highly relevant for cognitive functions, including language. One such pattern, based on resting‐state connectivity, is the ‘principal cortical gradient’, which dissociates sensory from heteromodal brain regions. The present study investigated the extent to which this gradient provides an organizational principle underlying language function, using a multimodal neuroimaging dataset of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from 102 participants during sentence reading. We found that the brain response to individual representations of a word (word length, orthographic distance, and word frequency), which reflect visual; orthographic; and lexical properties, gradually increases towards the sensory end of the gradient. Although these properties showed opposite effect directions in fMRI and MEG, their association with the sensory end of the gradient was consistent across both neuroimaging modalities. In contrast, MEG revealed that properties reflecting a word's relation to its linguistic context (semantic similarity and position within the sentence) involve the heteromodal end of the gradient to a stronger extent. This dissociation between individual word and contextual properties was stable across earlier and later time windows during word presentation, indicating interactive processing of word representations and linguistic context at opposing ends of the principal gradient. To conclude, our findings indicate that the principal gradient underlies the organization of a range of linguistic representations while supporting a gradual distinction between context‐independent and context‐dependent representations. Furthermore, the gradient reveals convergent patterns across neuroimaging modalities (similar location along the gradient) in the presence of divergent responses (opposite effect directions).
Survivin/BIRC5 as a novel molecular effector at the crossroads of glucose metabolism and radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Benaiges Ester , Ceperuelo‐Mallafré Victòria , Guaita Sandra , Maymó‐Masip Elsa , Madeira Ana , Gómez David , Hernández Victor , Vilaseca Isabel , Merma Carla , León Xavier , Terra Ximena , Vendrell Joan , Avilés‐Jurado Francesc Xavier , Fernández‐Veledo Sonia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic reprogramming and abnormal glucose metabolism are hallmarks of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Certain oncogenes can promote cancer‐related metabolic changes, but understanding their crosstalk in HNSCC biology and treatment is essential for identifying predictive biomarkers and developing target therapies.MethodsWe assessed the value of survivin/BIRC5 as a radioresistance factor potentially modulated by glucose for predicting therapeutic sensitivity and prognosis of HNSCC in a cohort of 32 patients. Additionally, we conducted in vitro experiments to explore the role of survivin/BIRC5 in glucose metabolism concerning radiation response.ResultsTumoral BIRC5 expression is associated with serum glucose and predicts locoregional disease‐free survival and lower BIRC5 mRNA levels are associated with better outcomes. Upregulation of BIRC5 by radiation depends on glucose levels and provokes a pro‐tumoral and radioresistant phenotype in surviving cells.ConclusionsSurvivin/BIRC5 might be independently associated with the risk of recurrence in patients with HNSCC.