bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verkennende casestudy
Authors: Plasschaert Nicole 
Published: November 2023

In de voorgaande hoofdstukken werd ingegaan op de context en het theoretisch kader. Hierna volgt het empirische deel van het onderzoek met allereerst een verkennende casestudy in voorliggend hoofdstuk, gestructureerd op basis van het IAD framework van Ostrom (2011) zoals toegelicht in hoofdstuk 3. Deze enkelvoudige casestudy is uitgevoerd om grip te krijgen op beïnvloedende factoren bij investeringsbeslissingen in stedelijke vernieuwing. De resultaten en inzichten die volgen uit de casestudy vormen de basis voor het ontwerp van de gamesimulaties, die aan bod komen in de hoofdstukken 5, 6 en 7.

In dit hoofdstuk wordt de casus Vernieuwingsplan Centrumgebied Kanaleneiland in Utrecht behandeld. Het betreft een stedelijke gebiedsontwikkeling met als hoofdstrategie sloop/nieuwbouw, aansluitend op de focus van dit onderzoek. Het gebied omvatte aan het begin van de vernieuwing significant corporatiebezit van twee woningcorporaties, gecombineerd met commerciële en maatschappelijke functies. Het gelijkwaardige bezit en positie van de woningcorporaties Portaal en Mitros in het gebied als vertrekpunt, maakt vergelijkende analyse en onderzoek naar wederzijdse beïnvloeding mogelijk. De vernieuwing wordt gekenmerkt door een complexe samenwerkingsvorm met publieke en private actoren en een lange looptijd, waarbinnen veel contextuele veranderingen hebben plaatsgevonden waaronder de economische crisis in 2008. De interacties tussen de actoren lijken veel invloed te hebben gehad op de investeringsbeslissingen en uitkomsten van de vernieuwing.

De casestudy is uitgevoerd op basis van interviews met de betrokken actoren, ondersteund door inhoudsanalyse en studie van besluitdocumenten, overeenkomsten en het complete projectdossier dat beschikbaar was vanuit woningcorporatie Portaal. De geanalyseerde documenten zijn niet opgenomen in dit proefschrift, maar wel beschikbaar via de auteur. De casestudy heeft plaatsgevonden in het laatste kwartaal van 2015. Begin 2019 heeft een laatste update van de informatie plaatsgevonden in overleg met de actoren.

In de volgende paragraaf wordt de opzet van de casestudy uiteengezet. Paragraaf 4.3 geeft een beschrijving van de casus in Kanaleneiland Centrum, de investeringsopgave en de samenwerkingsvorm. In paragraaf 4.4 worden de resultaten van de interviews behandeld. In paragraaf 4.5 worden de resultaten bediscussieerd en geabstraheerd naar een algemeen niveau, waarna deze in paragraaf 4.6 worden vertaald in aannames ten behoeve van de gamesimulaties. De conclusies zijn weergegeven in paragraaf 4.7.
Conclusies, aanbevelingen en discussie
Authors: Plasschaert Nicole 
Published: November 2023

Investeringen in stedelijke vernieuwingswijken worden met het wegvallen van de rijksbijdragen na 2014 niet meer door de rijksoverheid gestimuleerd. Private partijen worden sindsdien geacht in deze achterblijvende wijken te investeren zonder ‘trigger money’ van het Rijk. Voor de continuïteit van stedelijke vernieuwing zijn met name investeringen door woningcorporaties van groot belang. De investeringsruimte van woningcorporaties is echter aanzienlijk verminderd, onder meer doordat zij sinds 2013 verhuurderheffing moeten betalen. Bovendien richten woningcorporaties zich als gevolg van de herziene Woningwet in 2015 meer op hun kerntaken, wat effect heeft op hun activiteiten en investeringen in stedelijke vernieuwingswijken. In de huidige realiteit is het investeringsgedrag van corporaties in stedelijke vernieuwing ingrijpend aan het veranderen en moeilijk te voorspellen.

In dit proefschrift wordt inzicht gegeven in het investeringsgedrag van woningcorporaties in stedelijke vernieuwingswijken in samenwerking met andere actoren in de huidige context. Er is onderzoek gedaan naar de wijze waarop investeringsbeslissingen in stedelijke vernieuwing tot stand komen en naar de factoren die hierin een rol spelen. Omdat woningcorporaties minder investeringsruimte hebben en hun kernactiviteit is teruggebracht naar sociale huisvesting, komt het meer aan op samenwerking met andere actoren om investeringen in stedelijke vernieuwing van de grond te krijgen. Hierbij gaat het ten eerste om het samenspel tussen woningcorporaties en beleggers en ten tweede om het samenspel tussen woningcorporaties en bouwers (en in mindere mate ontwikkelaars). Ten derde gaat het om het samenspel tussen corporaties en gemeenten.

In dit laatste hoofdstuk worden conclusies getrokken over het investeringsgedrag van woningcorporaties in stedelijke vernieuwing en over de factoren die hierop van invloed zijn. Daarnaast wordt gereflecteerd op de toegepaste onderzoeksmethode en het gekozen denkkader en worden aanbevelingen gedaan. In paragraaf 8.1 wordt antwoord gegeven op de onderzoeksvragen. In paragraaf 8.2 wordt ingegaan op de betrouwbaarheid en validiteit van de toegepaste onderzoeksmethode en op de theoretische benadering en het denkkader van Ostrom. Vervolgens worden aanbevelingen gedaan voor nader onderzoek. In paragraaf 8.3 worden de verwachtingen van het onderzoek weergegeven en worden meer algemene uitspraken gedaan op grond van de bevindingen.
Emergency and relief architecture
Authors: Latka Jerzy F. 
Published: November 2023

The deteriorating situation of the inhabitants of many countries, especially in the Near East and Africa, has resulted in a growing number of people being forced to leave their homes. UNHCR has reported that the number of forcibly displaced people increased to 65.6 million in the year 2016 as a result of persecution, conflict, violence or human-rights violations. This was an increase of 6.1 million over the 2014 figure. It was also the highest number on record since the end of World War II. This number increased by 23.1 million in the five years since 2011.

However, in addition to the forcibly displaced people, there are many people who lost their homes because of natural disasters, and those who have become homeless for a variety of other reasons. In the year 2015, 364 natural disasters (not including epidemics and insect infestations) were recorded by EM-DAT (the International Disaster Database), which resulted in 22,773 deaths and 98.6 million affected people. Another global problem is homelessness, i.e., a situation in which people or families cannot afford the kind of shelter that is considered adequate and meets the requirements for a minimal existence. This is a problem that occurs not only in poorer countries, but also in so-called developed countries. The OECD database on affordable housing states that 1,777,308 homeless people were reported in OECD countries in 2015. As it is very hard to define or recognise a homeless person, this number may be ‘off’ by quite a significant margin.

Since 2015 there has been a large influx of people from the Near East and African countries in Europe. This influx has caused the largest migration crisis since World War II. By the end of 2016, Europe was hosting approximately 10.2 million of people of concern, including 6.6 million asylum seekers and refugees, 3 million internally displaced persons (including returnees) and more than 570,000 stateless people. There is a lot of debate on the subject of refugees and immigrants and on the policies in place to help them. However, the political discussion on this is beyond the scope of this work, so the author will not comment on it. The focus of this part of the thesis is on potential architectural solutions for people who find themselves in a difficult housing situation, for whatever reason.

In this thesis, emergency and relief architecture is understood to refer to structures, buildings and infrastructure that support people in need, such as forcibly displaced people, victims of natural disasters or homeless people.

Each of the aforementioned groups requires a different approach with regard to safety, policy and medical or psychological support. Each group is also characterised by different factors. In order to understand the differences, so as to be able to provide the right type of support, it is important that we gain an insight into the characteristics of each group.

Both emergency shelters and temporary houses can be made out of paper components. Depending on the situation, they can be either temporary or semi-permanent shelters or buildings.
From Interactive to Intra-active Body
Authors: Chang Jia-Rey 
Published: November 2023

The 60s was the age of freedom and boldness. According to John Lennon, the legendary singer-songwriter, who said in his last interview for RKO, “The thing the sixties did was to show us the possibilities and the responsibility that we all had. It wasn’t the answer. It just gave us a glimpse of the possibility”.10 Various technologies and cultures were developing boundlessly at an unprecedented speed during this time. Movements for civil rights due to racial discrimination, movements for women’s rights due to feminism, liberation movements for bodily autonomy, and student movements (Mai 68) in France due to the education system, influenced and challenged the conservative thought and systems in the society which people were used to. With the flourishing development of high-end technology, during the cold war period, the US and Russia were still competing to be the world leaders in technological development. The battlefields of the well-known space race included not only the terrain of the earth but also the surface of the moon. For the general public, the impact of rapid technological development, plus the discovery of chaos theory in Science and the gradual advancement of computer technology, opened the door towards all kinds of imagination about how the future world will look. The influential pop art movement, gave new birth to art which was no longer bigwigs’ assets hung on the walls of a royal palace and high-end art galleries, but relatively closer to people’s daily lives by using common substances and materials for creating art pieces. In addition, with the growth of the underground hippy culture and rock ‘n roll music, it was the golden age when people gradually had the courage to explore, to experiment, to express personal opinions, and dare to imagine and expect a future life of their own. And this was also the time when Archigram was born.
Conclusion and Future Recommendation
Authors: Chang Jia-Rey 
Published: November 2023

Interactive Architecture should embody the features of “Information”, “Improvisation”, and “Integration” in order to generate sufficient “Intelligence” to embody the authentic kernel of “Organic Architecture”.

In the domain of Interactive Architecture, it is quite easy to become trapped in discussions predominantly focused on technical discourses. This is what can be observed in most of the published materials on Interactive Architecture available in the market today. These publications draw too much attentions in the manner of how to make technical systems, instead of focusing on why to make it. Partly, this may be because it is necessary to understand hands-on technical issues, however, there should certainly be more informative material to fertilize design thinking of Interactive Bio-Architecture. Some other publications in the same genre fall into a collection of on-going case studies in the domain of Interactive Architecture without properly arranging them into an organized systemic discourse. Unlike such publications, this research attempts to become a pioneering exploration attempting to address Interactive architecture as the convergence of three areas: Computation, Embodiment (Body), and Biology. From the computational point of view, the research outlined the historic trajectory of computational applications in digital architecture design or CAAD (computer aided architectural design) and its evolution from data storage, rendering representation, towards sophisticated physical computing. From embodiment(body) perspective, a wide range of issues from diverse fields of metrology, philosophy, media studies, interactive art, VR and motion tracking technology have been elaborated upon in order to discover intimate relationships and connections between (cyber)space and (cyborgs)human. In the section of Biology, the discussion ranged from the so-called organic architecture design that remains at the stage of mimicking organic shapes, to extracting and translating the fundamental premises of morphogenesis from Evolutionary-Development Biology (Evo-Devo) in order to propose computationally assisted body-like interactive Bio-architectures. By leading the arguments slightly more towards the humanities, cultural, and social or even biological aspects, it aims to broaden the research scope of Interactive Bio-Architecture to reverse its stereotypical associations of being extremely technical and engineering oriented. This research thus concludes by providing critical emphasis on topics such as Information, Improvisation, Integration, and Intelligence, which are reflective of the fundamental essence of the inter-disciplinary research elaborated in each chapter of the thesis.
Overview of realized examples in architecture using structural cast glass blocks
Authors: Oikonomopoulou Faidra 
Published: November 2023

In view of the meticulous and lengthy cooling process discussed in the previous chapters, in architectural applications solid cast glass components have been commercialized up to the size range of standard masonry bricks. Owing to their large cross-sectional area, solid glass bricks are promising structural components that can fully exploit glass’s compressive strength. By forming repetitive components, self-supporting, 3-dimensional all-glass structures of undisturbed transparency can be achieved. Nonetheless, at present, little and rather sporadic exploration has been made in the use of casting as a manufacturing method for structural glass in architecture. To a degree, this is attributed to the existence of only a few realized examples of self-supporting structures made of solid cast glass elements. The, so far, limited demand has in turn led to the absence of a standardized manufacturing process, to a lack of consistent engineering data and to a general unawareness of the potential of cast glass in structural applications in architecture. Currently, including the contribution of this dissertation, there are 3 structural systems employed for creating self-supporting structures out of cast glass components: (a) with a metal substructure, (b) adhesively bonded blocks, (c) interlocking glass blocks. The former two have been applied in real structures, whereas interlocking glass blocks are for the first time introduced as a building system through this dissertation. In this chapter, the 3 concepts are briefly presented, analyzed and evaluated in terms of manufacturing, structural system, level of transparency, ease of assembly and disassembly.
Conflict, Space and Architecture
Authors: Schoonderbeek Marc , Shoshan Malkit 
Published: November 2023

Footprint 19 focuses on the more recent roles of architecture in the contemporary spaces of conflict. Departing from a spatial understanding of geopolitical, climatological and economical conflicts, the various contributions highlight the large scale and phenomenal transitions in the physical world and in society by extrapolating, through examples, the abundance of relations that can be traced between conflict, territory and architecture. Conflict areas often prove to be fertile grounds for innovation and for the emergence of new spatial forms. The issue reports on the state of perpetual global unrest in architecture through a series of articles and case studies that highlight the consequences of conflicts in the places and spaces that we inhabit. In the introduction, these are discussed as an interlinked global reality rather than as isolated incidents. In doing so, the contemporary spaces of conflict are positioned in the context of emerging global trends, conditions, and discourses in the attempt to address their indicative symptoms while reflecting on their underlying causes.
HomeWorks
Authors: Tavone Marcello 
Published: November 2023

What if the city of the twenty-first century was not as we have imagined it? What if the culture of congestion was swept away by an isotropic, weak and diffused urban reality; by the culture of dispersion? A nebulous and potentially limitless city freed from any physical and symbolic centre, where uncertain attempts of urbanity overlap with the idealised landscape of the countryside.

From this perspective, the central area of the Veneto region in Italy can still be considered a laboratory that produces urban and architectural forms for the contemporary city. The Veneto territory is here considered as a palimpsest, as the product of a slow and incessant process of accumulation of traces, elements, attempts, which have been overlapping throughout centuries.

This article presents only a few of the layers that compose the image of this region; they serve as evidence in the investigation of the role that anthropisation processes have played in the continuous modification of the landscape. Within this frame, the ‘architecture of logistics’ is presented as one of the elements that have imposed a pervasive economic-political control of the territory, to the point of producing specific forms of living.
Histoire Croisée
Authors: Zimmermann Bénédicte 
Published: November 2023

Globalization makes understanding worldmaking processes a crucial issue. During the Cold War the social sciences mainly addressed this issue through comparative studies which mirrored the logic of the world-historical confrontation. In this respect 1989 fostered not only a political turn but an epistemological one. The new political situation fueled the development of approaches dedicated to the study of relations and interdependencies between different parts of the world.

Like entangled, shared or connected histories, Histoire croisée takes a cross-border approach.Their common feature is shifting the analysis from comparative approaches centered on territorial entities to the relationships that flow through and the interactions which constitute them, as well as moving away from approaches solely focused on state relationships. Dedicated to the study of intersecting processes in various settings, Histoire croisée is driven by an empirical, methodological and epistemological shift that involves redefining the object of research.
Media Ecologies of the ‘Extractive View’
Authors: Önal Gökçe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Extraction displaces materials and reorganises habitats by accumulating resources – a process that renders populations and natural reserves as extractable data to be mobilised in systems of metabolic exchange. In contemporary practice, collecting, sorting, and processing this data require a complex interoperability between sensors, computing platforms, and databases before they are made into earth observation images. Following the scholarly research on the instrumentality of aerial survey in histories of extractive colonialism, this essay sheds light on the extractive capacity of remote sensing technologies in contemporary mining industries. Engaging with the media infrastructures of resource exploration, the inquiry revisits Heidi Scott’s theory of ‘colonialism’s vertical third dimension’ and extends it from the physical to the sensory, numerical, and temporal domains of extractivism. After Sean Cubitt’s classification of mediated earth observation, the three geomedia, the discussion is organised in three parts: electromagnetic sensing, numerical translations, and financial futures. A media-archaeological analysis of earth observation systems brings forth the extractive codes of the remote view by revealing its selective, vectoral, and speculative capacities in tapping the earth and ordering its resources into materials of exchange.

Keywords: extractive view, mining industries, remote sensing, geomedia, digital image, aerial surveillance, urbanisation, datafication
Negative Anthropology
Authors: Trüby Stephan 
Published: November 2023

Is there an architectural and urban planning agenda at work behind the politics of contemporary (neo-)fascists and populist, radical and extremist right-wing forces? The Right-Wing Spaces research project, which has been running since 2018 at the Institute for Principles of Modern Architecture (Design and Theory) (IGmA) at the University of Stuttgart, suggests that the answer to this question is fairly unequivocal, at least in the German context: ‘architecture … seems to have become a key tool of an authoritarian, populist right with a revisionist take on history.’[i] The interim findings of the project were presented in ‘Rechte Räume: Bericht einer Europareise’ (Right-wing spaces: report on a journey through Europe), ARCH+ 235 (2019), an issue that was guest-curated by IGmA, as well as in my 2020 essay collection Rechte Räume: Politische Essays und Gespräche (Right-wing spaces: political essays and conversations).

[i] Stephan Trüby, Rechte Räume: Politische Essays und Gespräche (Basel: Birkhäuser, 2020), 138. The Right-Wing Spaces research project is headed by Philipp Krüpe (IGmA) and myself, https://www.igma.uni-stuttgart.de/en/research/research-projects/page_0002_0001/.
What is Populism?
Authors: Szacka Lea-Catherine , Frausto Salomon 
Published: November 2023

The editorial introduction to this issue of Footprint questions the complex concept of populism, explaining how, in recent debates, it has more and more often been related to architectural issues. Partly based on the analysis of political philosopher and historian Jan-Werner Müller, our understanding of the term reaches to both ends of the political spectrum. Yet rather than simply aiming to provide a clear definition of populism, this editorial sheds more light on a debated concept, showing its multi-facetted aspects in relation to space and aesthetics. Through the categories of media, politics and aesthetics, this introduction also shows the logical progression between the different pieces included in the issue. Acknowledging the complex nature of the word populism is essential for the understanding of the variety of takes included in this issue.