bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Being Mindful and Existential
Authors: Youdin Robert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 7, readers learn how mindfulness-based interventions create an opportunity of choice to substitute states of relaxation and existential awareness as a restorative response to impulsive reactivity and mood disturbances driven by the three-stage neurocircuitry of psychoactive substance abuse. Mindfulness-based interventions provide necessary psychoeducation that enables people to understand how to achieve the ability to accept past and present realities with a nonjudgmental mindset in order to disengage from past negative associations and to cease catastrophic constructions of future events. Relaxation techniques are presented that change internal reactive responses of one’s emotions, bodily sensations, and thought processes to reduce or ultimately eliminate aversive emotional responses and negative self-judgments that are associated with abusing psychoactive substances.
Speaking of Anger
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Words matter, particularly when it comes to describing anger. We often rely on idiom, metonym, and metaphor speak to our understanding and experience of anger. In addition to the author’s personal experience, this chapter draws upon interviews and global scholarship to explore the wealth of approaches English has to offer for discussing anger. These range from the hedging terms we use to deny our feelings to violent metaphors that reflect both the physiology and the implications of rage to scatological idioms that hint at our disgust. By paying careful attention to the word choices of angry humans we can better understand what they are experiencing. The chapter then turns to languages around the globe to consider universalities as well as cultural differences. It touches on the distinctive ways anger is expressed in Zulu, Chinese, Chewong, Gaelic, and Taita and how each language reveals a unique understanding of anger. This cross-cultural perspective can help expand our own anger lexicons.
Race and Anger in Later Life
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses racism and anger in later life. It describes how American streets have been sites of racial anger since well before the country was established. Although large protests have become the public manifestations of racial anger, it also surfaces every day in response to subtle or ambiguous microaggressions. The legacy of American racism is manifest in the life expectancies of people of color. During the COVID pandemic, live expectancy in America declined overall, with the largest drops experienced by Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans and Alaska Natives. Police violence remains a leading cause of death for young men of color. The chapter calls for honest conversation about racism and its consequences and celebrates the resilience of people of color in America.
Embracing the Anger
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aggression is considered the most challenging of the behavioral and psychological symptoms (BAPS) of dementia. This chapter opens with the author’s experience of her father’s anger and dementia. It critiques the use of chemical restraint to manage angry dementia patients and introduces several possible alternatives. It traces the history of American responses to anger, noting the modern tendency to dismiss or reject anger, particularly that of people who are cognitively impaired. It introduces the notion that anger is inherently protective and suggests that turning towards anger with awareness and compassion might improve care and enrich later life for everyone.
Changing the World
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces older adults with dynamism, commitment, and deep engagement who are not hostile to social change and who marshal personal resources to help shape the world in which they want to live. Most of their activism stems from personal experiences of injustice or personal trauma. Each activist experiences and deploys anger differently, but they all must be judicious in their expression of this stigmatized emotion, even as they access its energy to accomplish their goals. Some see themselves resisting the pervasive ageism that contributes to social aging and others strive to protect the environment, a process that frequently exposes them to both anger and despair. The chapter concludes with reflection on the personal benefits of activism for older adults.
Children’s Strategies
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter tackles the process of identifying aggressors in child abuse narratives and cases. It recognizes coercive control’s aim to have a monopoly over all resources available through a family space. In cases of coercive control, children’s stories are examined as both a source of evidence about abuse in the household and for signs of “duress.” The chapter then elaborates on Anna Freud’s theory of identification with the aggressor by referencing the cases of Mariah Knock and Anna Covlin allegedly betraying their mother. Freud recognized that the child identifies with the aggressor both to ward off threats and danger while simultaneously serving individuation.
The Coercive Control of Magdalena and Daniel Pelka
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the case of child abuse as tangential spouse abuse referencing the coercive control of Magdalena Luczak. It offers a forensic analysis into a partner’s primary purpose in coercively controlling a child to subordinate his adult victim. Children in similar cases are considered “secondary” victims because the tactics used to harm the children are chosen for their effect on the adult victim primarily. The chapter explains how a forensic analysis deciphers the logic of coercive control and elicits a vocabulary of motives consistent with early intervention. It then considers a major shift in concern for children from their basic physical health and safety to their well-being as fully entitled rights-bearing persons.
A Modern Media
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the case known as “modern-day Medea.” It details Rachel’s imprisonment for allegedly creating a risk of injury to her children even though she fronted horrendous physical and sexual abuse along with hostage-like levels of control from her live-in boyfriend, Roberto. Roberto’s omnipresence loomed because of her prior isolation from her mother, sister, and friends at the diner where she had worked. Moreover, Roberto’s seeming omnipotence reflected his assumption of control over every facet of her life, such as basic resources and personal support in an effort to impoverish Rachel and the children and increase their dependence. The chapter highlights how Rachel’s case is a peculiar mix of gender bias and compassion for children.
The Single Thought
Authors: Segala Marco 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Schopenhauer’s metaphysics of nature, as investigated in the Second Book of the first edition of The World as Will and Representation (1819), relies on one philosophical discovery—namely, that the will is the thing in itself and the essence of the phenomenal world—and several considerations based on scientific knowledge. Such scientific content has rarely attracted the interest of commentators: philosophers and historians of philosophy are more attracted to the other, ‘pure’ philosophical themes of Schopenhauer’s work—epistemology, aesthetics, and ethics. This chapter shows that metaphysics of nature (and all the related scientific discourse) is also philosophically relevant. It is an expression of the “single thought” that The World as Will and Representation would convey to its readers. As such, scientific and metaphysical truth, together with beauty and goodness, provide a guide to a decent life that counteracts the otherwise unbearable weight of existence.
Becoming True Britons
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An Irish Anglican withdrawal group, frightened by the rise of the Catholics, coalesced around the annual week-long “Powerscourt meetings,” held at one of Ireland’s greatest Big Houses, from 1831 through 1836. They dealt with an ecclesiology based on the primitive-Church (small faith groups), with their own hermeneutics (how to read the scriptures) and, crucially, with a new take on how to interpret biblical prophecy. Taking a lead from Edward Irving and his translation of the writings of the Chilean Jesuit Manuel Lacunza, they embraced the then-novel idea of the literal physical Second Coming of Jesus. Later this was expanded by John Nelson Darby to include the concept of the secret Rapture that would occur before the millennium. The expansion of the Irish Brethren to England (notably Plymouth—hence the popular name, “Plymouth Brethren”), Bristol, and London in the late 1830s was the first step in a series of migrations that brought their system to the New World.
The Wasp-Waist Passage
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The organizing figure of speech for this chapter is a phenomenon noted by ecologists and biologists: that competitive species often pass through a narrow corridor before emerging to expand in range and to flourish. The concept applies to ideas and to social phenomena as well. Radical American evangelical apocalypticism went through just such a narrow corridor between, roughly, 1868 and 1872, and this ideational passage opened out in the years 1873–1875. Thereafter apocalypticism spectacularly flourished. This chapter discusses the personnel (all males with good pulpits or at least good publicity) who formed something close to a fraternity networked around Waymarks. James Hall Brookes, George C. Needham, and several others who led the American prophetic movement are included.
How the Pandemic Changed People, Experiences, and the World
Authors: Spires Angela , Miller Monica K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, it drastically changed life as everyone knew it. Thousands of jobs were lost, and people began to work at home. Students started learning online, and many households became crowded and chaotic. People struggled to adjust to change, including social engagements, travel, and religious gatherings. Healthcare dramatically changed for many, including those delivering and receiving that care. Fear pushed people to hoard items, misinformation led to conspiracy beliefs, and stress contributed to violence and mental health struggles. Families struggled as loved ones were separated, roles changed, and new life demands emerged. Politics and the economy experienced dramatic changes. Even animals and the environment experienced pandemic changes. Despite these struggles, there were countless examples of kindness. This chapter highlights some of the ways the pandemic changed the world—and the people in it.
Reactance Theory, Freedom Seeking, Protesting, and Other COVID-19 Behaviors
Authors: Kim Jungkeun , Park Jooyoung , Chan Ricky Y. K. , Marshall Roger 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reactance theory is a sociopsychological theory suggesting that when people have their freedom limited, they develop a strong motivational state directed toward re-establishing the threatened or eliminated freedom. For example, when people’s freedom to engage in a certain behavior is threatened, they become increasingly motivated to engage in the behavior. After the initial shock of COVID-19, policies were almost ubiquitously enacted to prevent people from working outside the home and having group and face-to-face interactions. According to reactance theory, these strong measures will make some people feel that their personal freedom is threatened, and they could consequently come to increasingly desire to engage in these forbidden activities even in violation of direct government orders. This explains why many people have protested stay-home and other government restrictions, sometimes even to the extent of offering violence. This chapter applies the psychological reactance theory to explain people’s freedom-seeking behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and outlines the lessons to be learned from the pandemic situation in terms of the management and control of these behaviors.
Cooperation and Acting for the Greater Good During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Capraro Valerio , Boggio Paulo S. , Böhm Robert , Perc Matjaž , Sjåstad Hallgeir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cooperation is essential to overcome global pandemics and other health crises, as many preventive measures require people to bear a personal cost to benefit other people or society as a whole. Wearing a face mask, for example, protects other people more than it protects oneself. This chapter first discusses several key mechanisms that are known to promote cooperative behavior in economic games and real-world scenarios. Then a review is given of the experimental research on what type of interventions could support a cooperative response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the chapter focuses on message-based interventions that are intended to promote social distancing, physical hygiene, mask wearing, vaccine uptake, and information seeking. The chapter concludes with some suggested interventions, lessons learned, and future research ideas.
Party Polarization and COVID-19
Authors: Lin Jennifer , Druckman James N. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 constituted a fundamental threat. In many cases, such threats bring people together. Yet, in the United States this was not the case. This chapter explores the impact of polarization on Americans’ reaction to COVID-19. The chapter begins by reviewing work on affective polarization and its rise over time. Then work that reveals substantial polarization of elite discourse regarding COVID-19 is reviewed; this polarization likely contributed to partisan differences in the public’s response to COVID-19. These partisan distinctions covered a range of attitudes, behaviors, and attributions. Nonetheless, an ironic dynamic is seen regarding affective polarization particularly. The extent of affective polarization initially decreased with the onset of COVID-19; yet, it remained at levels high enough that it drove partisan responses. These findings highlight the distinction between the extent of polarization and the consequences of polarization. The chapter concludes by discussing potential antidotes to how polarization divides countries during periods of existential threat.
Social Networks and COVID-19
Authors: Peoples Clayton D. , Furlano Kayla 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is inextricably linked with social networks. The virus spreads through contact with others—often via channels created by social networks. Although not universal, part of the societal response to the pandemic has involved attempting to limit contact in various ways, which in turn changes the nature of interactions and the structure of networks. Many people are working or learning from a distance via technology as some employers and schools shift to remote models. Additionally, as some areas enact stay-home orders, peoples’ face-to-face networks are constrained to those who live within the same household. Given the well-established impact of social networks on behavior, this shift to constrained networks and remote interactions has an impact on various facets of people’s lives. The purpose of this chapter is to use social network theory to both explain COVID-19 contagion and explore the pandemic’s impact on behavior. Future research ideas and “lessons learned” related to social networks are discussed.
Inequality in Healthcare
Authors: Berthelot Emily R. , Bornstein Susan G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic amplified the structural inequality in health and healthcare experienced by people of color, older adults, and those of low socioeconomic status. The chapter outlines relevant structural inequality theories, then applies these theories to explain the disparate outcomes of COVID-19 in specific populations. In addition to these structural inequities, minorities often have a distrust of healthcare due to historical and contemporary experiences, which can further exacerbate healthcare disparities. During the pandemic, many disadvantaged groups could not afford medical care or were unable to use telehealth communications secondary to lack of technology. Frequently, these people were essential workers and/or were unable to socially isolate. The income, insurance coverage, and status gaps between wealthy and disadvantaged Americans may be both cause and consequence of healthcare inequalities. These inequalities dramatically influenced individuals’ experiences during the pandemic. The chapter closes with a discussion of the “lessons learned” for healthcare policymakers and ideas for future social science research on structural inequality related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nostalgia and Protection of Psychological Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wildschut and Tim , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The chapter proposes that the emotion of nostalgia (a sentimental longing for one’s past), by acting as a balancing feedback mechanism, counteracts negative states likely to be induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The first tenet of this regulatory model of nostalgia proposes that the emotion is triggered by negative states. In support, the chapter reviews evidence that two negative states elicited by the pandemic—boredom and loneliness—not only undermine psychological adjustment, but also increase nostalgia. The second tenet of the regulatory model proposes that nostalgia, in turn, counteracts adversity by serving a number of key psychological functions. The chapter reviews supporting evidence for nostalgia’s capacity to strengthen meaning in life (countering boredom) and social connectedness (countering loneliness). By fostering psychological adjustment, nostalgia absorbs the detrimental impact of pandemic-induced distress and maintains homeostasis. As such, nostalgia contributes to preventing downward spirals of declining mental health during the pandemic. Lessons learned and future research ideas are offered.
Leadership and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stedham Yvonne , Mueller Steven 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented uncertainties in all aspects of people’s lives. During such times of crisis, effective leaders are able to create a sense of calm and openness that results in collaboration and receptivity to solutions. These transformational leaders impact others’ behavior because they are seen as trustworthy. Research on transformational leadership identifies behaviors that facilitate a leader’s impact: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence. These behaviors allow for the development of trust between leader and followers. Through examples of transformational leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic, this chapter discusses how such leadership facilitated compliance with helpful pandemic behaviors and cultivated a shared a sense of togetherness rather than an individualistic sense of “everyone for themselves.” Lessons learned and directions for future research are.
Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Influence People’s Moral Beliefs and Behavior?
Authors: West Matthew P. , Yelderman Logan A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Parasite-stress theory and moral foundations theory are rooted in an evolutionary psychology perspective. Together, these theories suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic might result in a “conservative shift” in people’s moral beliefs and behaviors, which in turn has implications for intergroup relations and punishment attitudes. In theory, conservative beliefs are an adaptive response to high rates of infectious diseases because they emphasize “tight-knit” ingroups and outgroup avoidance. The former provides a form of “insurance” for when infections do occur, and the latter functions to minimize exposure to infection. Although conservative beliefs might be an adaptive response, they are related to prejudicial and punitive behavior. Thus, one possible outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic is an increase in instances of outgroup bias/ingroup favoritism and increased support for punitive policies and actions, especially those targeting outgroup members. It is likely this conservative shift will be temporary. This chapter outlines the key concepts and assumptions of parasite-stress theory and moral foundations theory, applies these theories to conceptualizing a conservative shift and its consequences, and identifies hypotheses seated in these theories that future research can test.
World-Systems Analysis and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tyrala Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
World-systems analysis is an approach of historical macrosociology according to which the structural dynamics of the capitalist world-economy entrench and reproduce dangerous asymmetries of power within and between countries, ultimately exacerbating societal vulnerability and undermining collective responses to external shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic and the global response to it are a case in point, with developed and developing countries not only differing wildly in their ability to provide their populations with adequate medical care and financial relief, but also distributing them highly unequally. The resulting tears in the social fabric further erode trust within and between societies and contribute to a festering of conspiratorial narratives that frustrate even the most basic public health measures, let alone the mass vaccination programs that are vital for ending the pandemic. This chapter utilizes world-systems analysis to explain these outcomes, arguing that unless the underlying structural dynamics are radically transformed, future external shocks will be increasingly more difficult to deal with. It concludes by discussing what such a radical transformation should entail and offers ideas for future research.
Selecting Personality and Individual Difference Theories to Predict COVID-19 Sentiment and Behaviors
Authors: Devereux Paul G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 behaviors can be, in part, explained by personality and individual difference factors, including empathy, altruism, narcissism, self-efficacy, religious beliefs, political affiliation (libertarianism), and personal relevance to health crises. Such differences could affect compliance-related behaviors/sentiment. Researchers must be purposeful when selecting which personality theories are most useful to explore their topic. This process includes exploring the components of the theory to identify how they might explain the issue at hand. Careful examination of the theory’s principles and supporting evidence will help to generate stronger hypotheses and better research. Theories that might have more explanatory power for pandemic containment behaviors are just world beliefs, moral disengagement, and locus of control as they each involve judgments about the world that influence behavior. This chapter describes the process of selecting these theories for studying COVID-19 and illustrates how they can generate future research ideas.