bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Stresses in Wire Rope as Applied to Modern Engineering Problems
Authors: Howe James F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Derivation of formulæ to compute direct and induced stresses developed in wire ropes by static or moving tension, bending, and horizontally suspended loads.
The values for the bending stresses produced in ropes that are passed over sheaves, as determined by the formulæ of Reuleaux, Rankine, Unwin and Hewitt are correct only for ropes composed of straight wires. Owing to the twisting of the wires in the formation of modern rope, the actual bending stress in it is much smaller than in a solid bar, and its true value, S, may be computed by replacing in the fundamental assumptions the modulus of elasticity of a solid bar, with ER, the experimental value or the modulus of elasticity of the rope as a whole; thus the Reuleaux formula becomes
S = ER (d/D)
where d is the diameter of the wire in the rope, and D the diameter of the bend.
The author develops a method for determining the moduli of elasticity of both strands and rope in cases where experimental data are not available.
In regard to the customary practice followed in specifications, general remarks are offered on the required proportionality between the sheave diameters and the size of the rope, the manner of classifying strengths in the manufacturer’s rope catalog, and the special requirements in the physical properties of the wire forming the rope.
Metal Planers and Methods of Production
Authors: Meier Charles 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Planer Design: High-speed steel and the desire to obtain the highest possible speeds in both directions have rendered changes in planer design imperative.
One of the objections to speeding up the machine has been the difficulty encountered at the reverse. This was at first partly overcome by lightening the driving pulleys, and has been now most satisfactorily met by the reversible motor drive.
To eliminate fatigue of the operator and save time, rapid power traverse is now generally used. This is quite a departure from the standard construction, in which the heads are operated by hand.
Production: Comparatively little thought has been given to handling work on the planer. An analysis shows that the machine itself is engaged only a small part of the time required for the complete operation.
Jigs, gang tools and double-ended cutters have assisted greatly in cutting down lost time; in a case cited the proper jig cut down the total time from 28 to 4 hours.
The Problem of Aeroplane-Engine Design
Authors: Lucke Charles E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aeronautical engine is emerging from the stage of invention to the stage of design, and this paper suggests steps to be taken towards the satisfactory solution of the problem.
It resolves the engine into a light, high-tensioned steel structure, consisting of seamless tubing and forged or welded steel parts, possibly formed in drop-forge dies. To this steel stress structure are added certain members, such as the piston, exhaust valve and guide, designed primarily for heat-flow conditions and not for stresses; and certain closing members, such as the ports for the intake and exhaust, which can be very properly cast in aluminum, and the water jacket; and the oil crankcase closure, which can be made of any material desired.
A Commercial Analysis of the Small-Turbine Situation
Authors: London W. J. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper is devoted to a commercial analysis of the four types of small steam turbines now on the market and used for the driving of auxiliary machinery, dealing principally with non-condensing units.
In these, high thermal efficiency is in many cases unnecessary on account of economic utilization of the exhaust steam, and as economy bears a definite relation to first cost, a highly efficient machine is often a mistaken investment. Moreover, operating conditions are generally such that the designer must sacrifice considerations of efficiency if they interfere in any measure with simplicity and durability.
The theoretical design, according to the author, presents no difficulties, but the mechanical design is what determines success or absolute failure; and some of the problems involved and the methods that have been employed in solving them successfully are indicated.
The average specification calls for very rigid guarantees as to steam consumption, speed regulation and load requirements that, in the opinion of the author, are in most cases unnecessarily severe and merely tend to increase the cost of installation. After an extended survey of the situation, he has been led to formulate a Code of Practice, given in an appendix to the paper. The adoption of this code would, he believes, bring about a reduction in selling prices, eliminate many of the unpleasant experiences which now often arise between manufacturers and customers, and thereby increase the popularity of the turbine-driven unit.
The Cooling of Water for Power-Plant Purposes: Results of an Experimental Investigation and Description of an Adjustable Spray Nozzle
Authors: Thomas C. C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an extended experimental investigation into the conditions governing the cooling of the condensing water of power plants by means of spray ponds. This investigation involves determining the efficiency of the cooling process under varying conditions of pressure at the spray nozzles, the temperature of the water to be cooled, the power required to circulate the water, the height of sprays above the pond surface, the effect of wind velocity on the cooling range, etc., and the work has resulted in a large collection of data, much of which is presented in the text.
As a result of his experiments the author has developed a new form of spray head or nozzle which is so adjustable that the film of water discharged may be broken into either a uniformly fine spray, a mist, or a large number of small drops, as desired. This method of spraying is particularly applicable to low-pressure work, a pressure of 10 in. of mercury giving an exceedingly fine spray, and 8 in. usually sufficing.
Probably the most completely controlled means for cooling water in large quantities is found in the forced-draft cooling tower. The newly developed spray head, however, provides for control of the system in a manner which, while somewhat less complete than in the case of the cooling tower, yields results comparing very favorably with those for the tower, and can be installed and operated at a much lower cost.
A Study of Surface Resistance with Glass as the Transmission Medium
Authors: Hammond H. R. , Holmberg C. W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In heat-transmission work the majority of coefficients used at present are combined coefficients, that is, no attempt is made at discriminating between the conduction of the material itself and the conductions of the two air spaces which exist adjacent to it. Consequently there are no standards by which surface resistance may be obtained.
The authors describe an investigation carried out in the thermal testing plant of The Pennsylvania State College and give a formula by which the combined transmission coefficients, as well as the conduction values for the glass inside air surface and outside air surface, may be calculated.
The results of the tests made demonstrate that the greater part of the air-layer resistance occurs at the outside and within the first half inch of the surface; and that whenever glass or any other good material is used as the transmission medium, the resistances of the inside and outside air surfaces play the major part in determining the combined transmission coefficient.
Recent Developments in Balancing Apparatus
Authors: Akimoff N. W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Improvements have been made by the author upon the balancing machine described by him in a paper presented before the Society in 1916. Also a complete revision of the usual method for securing static balance in a body used as a step in the process of determining its dynamic balance. Two formulae are given to estimate numerically the lack of precision in ordinary methods for obtaining such static balance.
The author now uses a clamp attached to the body to be balanced, whereby a known centrifugal force is introduced when the body is rotated, for the purpose of neutralizing the static or dynamic unbalance of the body. By suitably constraining the motion of the rotating body, either the static or dynamic unbalance, or the combination of both may be accurately measured through the adjustment of the clamp.
By-Product Coke and Coking Operations
Authors: Ramsburg C. J. , Sperr F. W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
After discussing the notable events in the history of by-product coke making in the United States since the introduction of the process in 1906, the authors give a brief account of the generally accepted theory upon which the latter is based. They then take up the subjects of shape and structure, and present a standard method which they have devised for the grading of coke according to its cell structure. Photographs are included which show the structure of cokes that have given successful results in blast furnaces and foundries in various parts of the country. The combustion of coke in the blast furnace is then considered with reference to the size and grade of the fuel, and the paper concludes with a description of methods employed in eliminating sponge and in overcoming too great density in cell structure.
Labor-Turnover Records and the Labor Problem
Authors: Gregg Richard B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The application of rational methods of analysis to the conduct of the operative details of industrial establishments has long been accepted as an effective means of approaching the maximum efficiency of output, and in recent years production problems of all kinds have been studied and solved by such methods. In this paper the author advocates the application of a similar mode of analysis to an increasingly important phase of the labor problem, namely, the labor turnover, or the shifting of workers from one place of employment to another. He considers various causes that have given rise to the problem and suggests other aspects of the subject that still remain to be explored, leaving a discussion of the remedies which have proved successful for future treatment.
Paleocene oceanic-island basalt–type magmatism in the Lhasa Block attests to decoupled mantle-crust deformation during Indian-Asian collision
Authors: Zeng Yun-Chuan , Xu Ji-Feng , Chen Jian-Lin , Wang Bao-Di , Huang Feng , Yu Hong-Xia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The post-collisional evolution of the Tibetan lithosphere is of paramount significance to our understanding of collisional orogeny. It is generally postulated that the Lhasa lithospheric mantle was horizontally shortened and thickened coherently with the overlying crust to form a physical barrier, preventing Indian subduction beneath Tibet until the thickened mantle root was foundered during the Miocene. This study first identifies post-collisional oceanic-island basalt (OIB)-type magmatism in the Lhasa Block (LB), as attested by zircon U-Pb age (ca. 58 Ma) and geochemistry—positive Nb-Ta anomalies, high La/Yb, and depleted bulk-rock Sr-Nd and zircon Hf isotopes, of diabase in the northern (inboard relative to Indus Suture) part of this block. Coupled with extensive early Paleogene arc-type magmatism in the southern-central LB and thermodynamic modeling, we suggest that these diabases were formed by partially molten upwelling asthenosphere near the base of continental crust, where much of the underlying lithospheric mantle had been removed due to Neo-Tethyan slab rollback and lithospheric delamination. Compared to OIB-type magmatism worldwide, the diabases investigated here were emplaced peculiarly in a region where the continental crust was under horizontal compression and shortening by coeval thrusting. Our study thus implies a decoupled deformation between the crust and mantle of the LB during the early Indian-Asian collision.
Structure, Kinematics, and Prototyping of a Parallel Manipulator with a Remote Center of Rotation
Authors: Glazunov V. A. , Laryushkin P. A. , Shalyukhin K. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A mechanism with a remote center of rotation, intended for use in medicine, and in particular, minimally invasive operations, is discussed. The basic mechanism consists of two parallelograms with common links, which allows the surgical instrument to duplicate the movement of the drive link of the mechanism. To ensure greater rigidity of the mechanism, it is proposed to introduce drive redundancy through the use of an additional RRR dyad with a drive pair. The position problem has been solved for the resulting mechanism. A 3D model and a prototype of the mechanism have been also presented.
A very low carbohydrate diet for minimising blood glucose excursions during ultra-endurance open-water swimming in type 1 diabetes: a case report
Authors: Smee Shania N. , Johnson Rebecca , Rush Amy , Davey Raymond J. 
Published: December 2023

Carbohydrate-restricted diets are used by people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to help manage their condition. However, the impact of this strategy on blood glucose responses to exercise is unknown. This study describes the nutritional strategies of an athlete with T1D, who follows a very low carbohydrate diet to manage her condition during an ultra-endurance open-water swimming event. The athlete completed the 19.7 km distance in 6 h 43 min. She experienced minimal disruptions to glycaemia, reduced need for supplemental carbohydrate, and no episodes of symptomatic hypoglycaemia. This case report will hopefully encourage further experimental studies that inform and expand current clinical practice guidelines.
Impact of dietary zinc and copper levels on ileal and total apparent nutrient digestibility in growing pigs
Authors: Ketata Mohamed Ali , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre , Guay Frédéric 
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels on their apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) and that of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and fiber in pigs. The experiment was carried out with six individuals fitted with a T-cannula. Pigs received one of four diets with two levels of Zn (100 [low] and 500 [high] mg/kg) and Cu (40 [low] and 80 [high] mg/kg). High Zn increased AID of Zn and Mn, but decreased that of Ca ( p < 0.05). High Cu tended to improve AID of Cu, but only when high Zn was used (Interaction Zn × Cu, p = 0.051). ATTD of Zn, Cu, Mn, and P was greater in high Zn ( p < 0.05). High Cu also increased ATTD of Cu, but reduced that of Ca ( p < 0.05) as it likely did for ATTD of P in low Zn (Interaction Zn × Cu, p = 0.065). There was an improving trend for ATTD of NDF (Interaction Zn × Cu, p = 0.069), and ATTD of ADF was increased with a combination of high Zn and high Cu (Interaction Zn × Cu, p < 0.05). This research showed that the levels of Cu and Zn modified the digestibility of minerals but also the degradability of fiber.
A fast and time-efficient machine learning approach to dark matter searches in compressed mass scenario
Authors: Celik Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVarious analyses for searching for the signature of SUSY or exotic particles have been carried out by the experiments at CERN. These analyses made use of traditional cut and count methods. While this method has yielded promising results, it has been challenging in the region where the mass difference between SUSY particles is small. Deep learning is currently widely employed in most data analysis tasks, including high energy physics, and has made significant advances in almost all fields for collecting and interpreting huge data samples. In this paper, a fast and time-efficient classification technique is proposed, utilizing machine learning algorithms to distinguish dark matter signal from SM background in compressed mass spectra scenarios at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. A classification model was built in a short amount of time using 2D histograms produced with less amount of data, effectively reducing computational costs through the transfer learning of pre-trained deep models while maintaining a high level of classification accuracy.
Searching for a dark matter particle with anti-protonic atoms
Authors: Doser Michael , Farrar Glennys , Kornakov Georgy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA wide range of dark matter candidates have been proposed and are actively being searched for in a large number of experiments, both at high (TeV) and low (sub meV) energies. One dark matter candidate, a deeply bound uuddss sexaquark, $$S$$
S
, with mass $$\sim 2$$

∼
2

GeV (having the same quark content as the hypothesized H-dibaryon, but long lived) is particularly difficult to explore experimentally. In this paper, we propose a scheme in which such a state could be produced at rest through the formation of $$\bar{p}$$

p

¯

–$$^3$$

3

He antiprotonic atoms and their annihilation into $$S$$
S
+ $$K^+K^+\pi ^-$$

K
+

K
+

π
-

, identified both through the unique tag of a $$S=+2, Q=+1$$

S
=
+
2
,
Q
=
+
1

final state, as well as through full kinematic reconstruction of the final state recoiling against it.
Human-network regions as effective geographic units for disease mitigation
Authors: Andris Clio , Koylu Caglar , Porter Mason A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSusceptibility to infectious diseases such as COVID-19 depends on how those diseases spread. Many studies have examined the decrease in COVID-19 spread due to reduction in travel. However, less is known about how much functional geographic regions, which capture natural movements and social interactions, limit the spread of COVID-19. To determine boundaries between functional regions, we apply community-detection algorithms to large networks of mobility and social-media connections to construct geographic regions that reflect natural human movement and relationships at the county level in the coterminous United States. We measure COVID-19 case counts, case rates, and case-rate variations across adjacent counties and examine how often COVID-19 crosses the boundaries of these functional regions. We find that regions that we construct using GPS-trace networks and especially commute networks have the lowest COVID-19 case rates along the boundaries, so these regions may reflect natural partitions in COVID-19 transmission. Conversely, regions that we construct from geolocated Facebook friendships and Twitter connections yield less effective partitions. Our analysis reveals that regions that are derived from movement flows are more appropriate geographic units than states for making policy decisions about opening areas for activity, assessing vulnerability of populations, and allocating resources. Our insights are also relevant for policy decisions and public messaging in future emergency situations.
Relevance Feedback with Brain Signals
Authors: Ye Ziyi , Xie Xiaohui , Ai Qingyao , Liu Yiqun , Wang Zhihong , Su Weihang , Zhang Min 
Published: December 2023

The Relevance Feedback (RF) process relies on accurate and real-time relevance estimation of feedback documents to improve retrieval performance. Since collecting explicit relevance annotations imposes an extra burden on the user, extensive studies have explored using pseudo-relevance signals and implicit feedback signals as substitutes. However, such signals are indirect indicators of relevance and suffer from complex search scenarios where user interactions are absent or biased.
Recently, the advances in portable and high-precision brain-computer interface (BCI) devices have shown the possibility to monitor user’s brain activities during search process. Brain signals can directly reflect user’s psychological responses to search results and thus it can act as additional and unbiased RF signals. To explore the effectiveness of brain signals in the context of RF, we propose a novel RF framework that combines BCI-based RF with pseudo-relevance signals and implicit signals to improve the performance of document re-ranking. The experimental results on the user study dataset show that incorporating brain signals leads to significant performance improvement in our RF framework. Besides, we observe that brain signals perform particularly well in several hard search scenarios, especially when implicit signals as feedback are missing or noisy. This reveals when and how to exploit brain signals in the context of RF.
Immune-Related Colitis Is Associated with Fecal Microbial Dysbiosis and Can Be Mitigated by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Authors: Elkrief Arielle , Waters Nicholas R. , Smith Natalie , Dai Angel , Slingerland John , Aleynick Nathan , Febles Binita , Gogia Pooja , Socci Nicholas D. , Lumish Melissa , Giardina Paul A. , Chaft Jamie E. , Eng Juliana , Motzer Robert J. , Mendelsohn Robin B. , Markey Kate A. , Zhuang Mingqiang , Li Yanyun , Yang Zhifan , Hollmann Travis J. , Rudin Charles M. , van den Brink Marcel R.M. , Shia Jinru , DeWolf Susan , Schoenfeld Adam J. , Hellmann Matthew D. , Babady N. Esther , Faleck David M. , Peled Jonathan U. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Colitis induced by treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), termed irColitis, is a substantial cause of morbidity complicating cancer treatment. We hypothesized that abnormal fecal microbiome features would be present at the time of irColitis onset and that restoring the microbiome with fecal transplant from a healthy donor would mitigate disease severity. Herein, we present fecal microbiota profiles from 18 patients with irColitis from a single center, 5 of whom were treated with healthy-donor fecal microbial transplantation (FMT). Although fecal samples collected at onset of irColitis had comparable α-diversity to that of comparator groups with gastrointestinal symptoms, irColitis was characterized by fecal microbial dysbiosis. Abundances of Proteobacteria were associated with irColitis in multivariable analyses. Five patients with irColitis refractory to steroids and biologic anti-inflammatory agents received healthy-donor FMT, with initial clinical improvement in irColitis symptoms observed in four of five patients. Two subsequently exhibited recurrence of irColitis symptoms following courses of antibiotics. Both received a second “salvage” FMT that was, again, followed by clinical improvement of irColitis. In summary, we observed distinct microbial community changes that were present at the time of irColitis onset. FMT was followed by clinical improvements in several cases of steroid- and biologic-agent-refractory irColitis. Strategies to restore or prevent microbiome dysbiosis in the context of immunotherapy toxicities should be further explored in prospective clinical trials.