bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic optimal design of a paramill: A multi‐SP device
Authors: Lee Jun‐Ho , Hong Keum‐Shik 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a manipulability analysis of a new parallel‐type rolling mill, named “paramill,” in its conceptual design stage is investigated. The paramill considered uses two Stewart platforms (SPs) in opposite directions for the generation of 6 degree‐of‐freedom motions of individual work‐rolls. The objective of this new approach is to pursue an integrated control of the strip thickness, strip shape, pair‐crossing angle, uniform wear of the rolls, and tension of the strip. The forward/inverse kinematics problems are formulated. Two main kinematic parameters, the size of the base and the acute angle made by two neighboring joints for a given size of the work‐roll, have been determined in the way that the force and moment transmission from the actuators to the work‐rolls is maximized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GLU♮ embedded in C++: a marriage between multidimensional and object‐oriented programming
Authors: Papaspyrou Nikolaos S. , Kassios Ioannis T. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe embedding of a small but expressive language of multidimensional functional programming in a well known and widely used language of object‐oriented programming leads to the combination of two radically different programming models. In this paper, we formally define the syntax and semantics of GLU♮, which can be thought of as the multidimensional core of Lucid and GLU, and we describe its implementation as a language embedded in C++. With the aid of a few examples, we argue that the marriage of the two programming models is not only compatible and natural, but also that it produces a new and interesting hybrid language. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bela H. Banathy: a short story of my life
Authors: Jenlink Patrick M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis article reflects an autobiographical account of Bela H. Banathy's life, providing a recorded history of his accomplishments, personally and professionally. Importantly, Bela's story provides insight into his early life and the historicity of his origins as a systems and design scientist. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The well‐being of social systems
Authors: Jenks C. Lynn 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe emphasis is on social systems that are intentionally created to accomplish one or more purposes and, by design, size, and/or intention, are highly vulnerable to their membership. Such systems tend to prosper and evolve in desirable directions as long as they measure up to certain criteria. At the most basic and immediate level, such systems need to achieve their purposes, effectively perform their appointed tasks, and satisfy their stakeholders. Effectiveness reports try to focus on criteria such as these. But, limiting measures to these, though publicly desirable, present only part of the system picture. Ignored are the implications of the presence of certain system characteristics that have a profound effect on the system's evolution and well‐being. This paper explores a more comprehensive set of variables believed to be useful for both the immediate and longer‐range time frame. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designingwith: a homeopoietic ethic for organizational change
Authors: Rowland Gordon 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBanathy (1996) states that it is ethical to designwithothers rather thanforthem. In this essay I explore the distinction from the perspective of complexity science and adopt the view, at least metaphorically, that human individuals and groups are complex creative systems, which under some conditions will self‐organize. I argue that such phenomena are not truly autopoietic, but subject to the influence of their systemic environment, which in human terms may include respectful, caring others. Creatingwithcan be called homeopoietic action and is a primary ethic for evolutionary guidance in many contexts and at many levels. The focus here is on change in organizations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The empty chair: uncertain futures and systemic dichotomies
Authors: Chroust Gerhard 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOne of the outstanding characteristics of Bela H. Banathy was his deep concern for designing better systems for future generations. In plenary meetings often an empty chair reminded us of our responsibility to the coming generations in designing the systems for a world to come. Systems designers often have a problem in making basic a priori assumptions about system choices without having sufficient information. We describe so‐called systemic dichotomies: design decisions that have to choose between basic conflict pairs (like immediate or delayed enactment, optimistic versus pessimistic approaches). For each class we give several examples, mostly from software engineering. In concluding we show that certain of these dichotomies also have a meaning in social systems. This paper could be a starting point for the next generation of system scientists, for a closer investigation of such dichotomic dimensions, a study of their properties and a research into the interdependence of various such dichotomies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing a transnational indigenous leaders interaction in the context of globalization: a Wisdom of the People Forum
Authors: Christakis Alexander N. , Harris LaDonna 
Published: May 2004

AbstractForty Indigenous leaders from the Americas and New Zealand and several non‐Indigenous participants sitting in the traditional Comanche Tribe circle began the forum by sharing their ‘medicine’—inner strength or personal power. They evoked in various ways a common deep spirituality based on a respect for the earth, ancestors, family, and peaceful coexistence. The purpose of the forum was to create, through true dialogue, a shared understanding of the barriers that will need to be addressed in the enhancement of liberating transnational interactions among emerging Indigenous leaders in the context of globalization. Finding patterns of effective interactions was the primary task of the forum participants. The fact that the participants are searching for ‘patterns of meaning’ implies that what they strive for is to integrate the intangible of traditional core cultural values into a contemporary reality. In the forum, the group identified effective, practical means that embody Indigeneity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bela H. Banathy: the legacy of a design conversation
Authors: Nelson Harold G. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper is a reflection on the influence of Bela H. Banathy's scholarship and leadership in the field of social systems design. In particular, the focus of this paper is on the development of a model of systems design inquiry and a model of systems design communication. The seminal ideas for the models were first explored at the annual Asilomar Conversations hosted by the International Systems Institute (ISI), a non‐profit organization founded by Prof. Banathy. The models are representative of the legacy of an ongoing design conversation with Prof. Banathy concerning the integration of human values into a systems science approach to the challenge of securing improvement in the human condition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reflections on the role of dialogue in education and community building
Authors: Hammond Debora 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper documents a decade of thinking and practice inspired by Bela H. Banathy and his work on collaborative systems design. I first met Bela in 1994 at the annual conference of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS), where he invited me to discuss my recently launched dissertation project on the history and social implications of general systems theory. In my research on the founders of ISSS, I was particularly inspired by Kenneth Boulding's emphasis on the critical role of dialogue in decision making. I am currently a faculty member in Hutchins School of Liberal Studies at Sonoma State University, which offers an interdisciplinary seminar‐based program, embodying the spirit of both Boulding's and Banathy's work. It has provided an excellent laboratory for practicing the art of interdisciplinary dialogue, which extends into the larger community in a variety of ways. In this paper, I offer examples of dialogue and design in action, inspired and enriched through my acquaintance with Bela. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Search‐based software test data generation: a survey
Authors: McMinn Phil 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe use of metaheuristic search techniques for the automatic generation of test data has been a burgeoning interest for many researchers in recent years. Previous attempts to automate the test generation process have been limited, having been constrained by the size and complexity of software, and the basic fact that, in general, test data generation is an undecidable problem. Metaheuristic search techniques offer much promise in regard to these problems. Metaheuristic search techniques are high‐level frameworks, which utilize heuristics to seek solutions for combinatorial problems at a reasonable computational cost. To date, metaheuristic search techniques have been applied to automate test data generation for structural and functional testing; the testing of grey‐box properties, for example safety constraints; and also non‐functional properties, such as worst‐case execution time. This paper surveys some of the work undertaken in this field, discussing possible new future directions of research for each of its different individual areas. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal cocaine exposure decreases nigrostriatal dopamine release in vitro: Effects of age and sex
Authors: Glatt Stephen J. , Trksak George H. , Cohen Ori S. , Simeone Benjamin P. , Jackson Denise 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of prenatal cocaine (PCOC) exposure, age, sex, and estrous phase on the functional development of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons. Striatal tissue was obtained from prepubescent and adult rats of both sexes after bidaily exposure to saline (1 ml/kg) or cocaine (20 mg/kg/ml saline) from embryonic days 15–21. Tissue levels, basal release, and electrically evoked (1 or 8 Hz) overflow of endogenous DA and its metabolite, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), as well as their efflux in response to superfusion with the DA transport blocker, nomifensine (10 μM), were measured from superfused striatal slices. Generally, these measures were highest in tissue from males and adults. Tissue DA and DOPAC levels and the rate of DA turnover were unaffected by PCOC exposure. Slices from PCOC‐exposed juvenile and adult male rats exhibited significantly reduced basal and electrically evoked DA release at both stimulation intensities, in conjunction with higher levels of presynaptic DA reuptake. Female rats were largely spared from the effects of PCOC exposure, and measures did not vary with estrous phase. These findings demonstrate that the effects of PCOC exposure on various parameters of nigrostriatal DA neuronal function are not uniform across age, sex, or phases of the estrous cycle. These novel alterations in nigrostriatal DA transmission are in need of independent replication, but they may have profound implications for behavioral activities regulated by these neurons and, thus, may provide a basis for sex‐selective effects of PCOC in exposed humans. Possible mechanisms of deleterious effects of PCOC exposure in select groups are discussed. Synapse 53:74–89, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isoflurane induces dopamine transporter trafficking into the cell cytoplasm
Authors: Byas‐Smith Michael G. , Li Juan , Szlam Fania , Eaton Douglas C. , Votaw John R. , Denson Donald D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPrevious investigations have shown that the binding of a selective hydrophilic positron emission tomography radiotracer for the dopamine transporter (DAT) (2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐8‐(2‐(18)F‐fluoroethyl)nortropane) decreased in monkey striatum during deep isoflurane anesthesia. Immunohistochemistry experiments suggested but did not prove that isoflurane induced a decrease in cell surface DAT. The present investigation was undertaken to demonstrate quantitatively the isoflurane‐induced internalization of DAT using a rapid and relatively uncomplicated biochemical technique in human embryonic kidney (HEK‐293) cells stably expressing the human DAT (h‐DAT) protein. Biotinylation followed by Western blot analysis was used to determine the extent of change in cell surface expression of the DAT under control conditions and in the presence of a clinically relevant concentration of isoflurane. Isoflurane treatment for 30 min resulted in a highly significant decrease in the amount of h‐DAT on the cell surface (21 ± 15% of control; P < 0.01) (mean ± SD; n = 4). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that isoflurane results in internalization of DAT from the cell membrane and further validate our qualitative results reported previously. In addition, the current results confirm the hypothesis that biotinylation can be used to quantitate the extent of disappearance of DAT from the cell surface making dose–response studies and comparisons of DAT internalization with other general anesthetics practical. Synapse 53:68–73, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
σ‐1 Receptors potentiate epidermal growth factor signaling towards neuritogenesis in PC12 cells: Potential relation to lipid raft reconstitution
Authors: Takebayashi Minoru , Hayashi Teruo , Su Tsung‐Ping 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that overexpression of σ‐1 receptors (σ‐1R) potentiated neurite sprouting caused by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells (Takebayashi et al. 2002 J Pharmacol Exp Ther 202:1227–1237). In this study we examined if σ‐1R may be involved in the action of epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF is conventionally recognized as a mitogenic factor that stimulates only the proliferation of various types of cells, including PC12 cells. We found here that in σ‐1 receptor‐overexpressing PC12 cells (σ‐1R OE cells), EGF markedly stimulates neuritogenesis without affecting cellular proliferation. EGF receptors (EGFR) are largely reduced in lipid rafts and are enriched in non‐raft regions in σ‐1R OE cells. The enrichment of EGFR in the non‐raft region is correlated with enhanced downstream signaling of EGFR including the phosphorylation of both EGFR and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs). Destruction of cholesterol‐containing rafts by treating cells with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin also causes a reduction of EGFR in lipid rafts, a concomitant increase in the phosphorylation of both EGFR and ERK, and an increase in the EGF‐induced neurite sprouting in wildtype cells. Furthermore, while overexpression of σ‐1R increases the level of lipid raft‐associated cholesterol, the overexpression alters the levels of gangliosides in lipid rafts: GM1 and GM2 are decreased, whereas GD1a is increased. We conclude that σ‐1R cause the remodeling of lipid rafts, at least by increasing the level of lipid raft‐associated cholesterol and by altering the levels of certain critical lipid raft‐forming gangliosides. σ‐1R may thus play an important role in directing EGF signaling towards neuritogenesis, perhaps by shifting EGFR from the lipid raft into non‐raft regions. Synapse 53:90–103, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional distribution of SK3 mRNA‐containing neurons in the adult and adolescent rat ventral midbrain and their relationship to dopamine‐containing cells
Authors: Sarpal Deepak , Koenig James I. , Adelman John P. , Brady Dana , Prendeville Lucy Clerkin , Shepard Paul D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSK3 small conductance, calcium‐activated potassium channels play an important role in regulating the activity of mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons. In the present series of experiments, in situ hybridization techniques were used to compare SK3 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the ventral midbrain in juvenile and adult rats. SK3 mRNA was found exclusively in areas that also contained large numbers of DA neurons including the substantia nigra (SN), the ventral tegmental area, and related cell groups (VTA‐A10). An anteroposterior and mediolateral gradient in SK3 mRNA hybridization was apparent in the VTA‐A10 but not in the SN. Younger rats appeared to possess higher levels and less regional variation in TH and SK3 transcripts. These results are consistent with previous studies reporting differential expression of SK3 protein within the midbrain and suggest that variations in SK3 channel distribution could contribute to differences in dopamine‐related functions in the rat. Synapse 53:104–113, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal control of MDOF structures with controlled stiffness dampers
Authors: Ribakov Y. , Dancygier A. N. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummaryThe structure and application of supplemental controlled stiffness dampers are discussed. The instantaneous and the polynomial active control theories are used to obtain the control forces at each time step during an occurring earthquake. The efficiency of these control strategies in a structure with the controlled stiffness dampers is compared. Control of the damping forces is enabled due to the mechanical structure of the damper, which is described in the paper. This device can be efficiently used as a structural damper because the forces developed in it are independent of the structure's displacements or velocities. The efficiency of the damper is demonstrated in a numerical simulation of a seven‐story building. The simulation shows that the behavior of a structure with the active controlled stiffness dampers was significantly improved compared to that of an uncontrolled structure, and of a passive controlled viscous damped structure, subjected to the same earthquakes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconnaissance and preliminary assessment of a damaged high‐rise building near Ground Zero
Authors: Warn Gordon , Berman Jeffrey , Whittaker Andrew , Bruneau Michel 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummaryAn MCEER research team, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, visited Ground Zero twice in the two weeks following the attacks of September 11, 2001, to collect perishable data related to the collapse of the two 110‐story towers and collateral damage to buildings and infrastructure surrounding the World Trade Center complex. The visit on September 23 involved a walk‐through of one high‐rise building that was badly damaged by large pieces of debris that were ejected from World Trade Center Tower 2 as it collapsed. This paper presents information from the building‐interior reconnaissance on September 23 and the subsequent analysis of a building frame with properties similar to those of the damaged building. Linear and non‐linear analyses were undertaken. Such analyses showed that the use of rigid beam‐to‐column connections in the building frame enabled gravity loads in the frame above the segment of the building that partially collapsed to be transferred to adjacent undamaged vertical components. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐based design of structures using modified force analogy method
Authors: Wong Kevin K. F. , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummaryEnergy due to earthquake excitations is used to evaluate the performance of a structure. This energy is derived analytically based on the force analogy method, which uses only initial stiffness with changing displacement to accurately capture the inelastic material behaviour. However, numerical calculation using the classical force analogy method considers mass matrices that are invertible, and therefore it is not appropriate for use in analysing real structures where rotational mass moment of inertia is generally ignored. In this research, derivation of the force analogy method is modified to analyse real moment‐resisting frames using static condensation. Using this modified force analogy method in the condensed form significantly reduces the size of the structural problem because a large number of rotational degrees of freedom can be condensed. Numerical simulation is then performed to analyse the dynamic response of a six‐storey moment‐resisting frame and the concept of performance‐based design is used to improve the structural performance in terms of energy dissipation ‘demand’ at each plastic hinge. Results show that the amount of total plastic energy dissipation remains about the same for structures with similar frequency contents. This is significant because it shows that understanding the flow of energy in the structure is important in improving structural performance under earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and behaviour of transfer plate–shear wall systems in tall buildings
Authors: Kuang J. S. , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummaryThe current practice of design for a transfer plate–shear wall system in tall buildings does not generally include the interaction effect of the transfer plate and the supported shear walls on the structural behaviour of the system. As a result, it may lead to an unreasonable design for the internal forces of structural members and the corresponding steel reinforcement detailing. In this paper, analysis and structural behaviour of transfer plates supporting in‐plane loaded shear walls are presented, where emphasis is placed on the interaction between the transfer plate and the supported shear walls. The interaction effect is shown to cause significant stress redistributions both in the transfer plate and in the shear walls within an interactive zone. Parameters that influence significantly the structural behaviour and force transfer mechanism, such as the span–depth ratio of the transfer plate, the stiffness and locations of the shear walls, and the stiffness of support columns, are also highlighted. The paper is expected to provide not only a better understanding of the interactive characteristic of transfer plate–shear wall systems, but also a useful reference for the design of transfer plates supporting in‐plane loaded shear walls in tall buildings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐layered energy absorber frames for tall buildings under high‐speed impact
Authors: Horr A. M. , Safi M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSummaryBased on the advanced fractional derivative damping theory for vibration of large systems and the flexible surface‐to‐surface advanced contact theory, a new design strategy has been presented to deal with the high‐speed impact of flying objects into tall buildings. Using a multi‐layered frame system with external energy absorber frame and a new individual grid‐stiffened flooring system (IGSF), a new system has been design to resist the initial impact force and the progressive collapse phenomena. The system can also guide the heat waves caused by the explosion using a special frame system. These characteristics of the new design method have been shown graphically using a full documented numerical example, which highlights the efficiency of the new multi‐layered frame system under high‐speed impact. The advanced flexible surface‐to‐surface contact theory is used to model the actual initial impact force and the advanced fractional derivative damping theory is used to obtained the energy absorption characteristics of large‐scale dampers used in the external frame system. The purpose of this paper is to present a new design method, which improves the resulting dynamic responses of a tall building induced by a high‐speed impact of a flying object. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.