bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backstepping‐based cascade control scheme for batch distillation columns
Authors: Monroy‐Loperena Rosendo , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNonstationary dynamics, finite‐time operation, large thermodynamical uncertainty and delayed composition measurements make the control of batch distillation processes a challenging and interesting problem. In this paper, a cascade control design to regulate the overhead composition of a batch distillation column is presented. The controller is designed within the framework of robust nonlinear control with modeling error compensation techniques in conjunction with a backstepping approach. The result is a cascade controller with a master loop that, driven by the composition regulation error, produces a time‐varying set point for the temperature in a certain tray; and with a secondary controller that manipulates the internal reflux ratio to track the time‐varying set point determined by the master composition loop. How to extend the controller design to have multiple slave temperature controllers, to improve the regulation of the overhead composition in a batch distillation column, is also presented. The proposed control approach is illustrated by numerical simulations on a full dynamical model. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2113–2129, 2004
Characterization of triacylglycerols from overwintering prepupae of the alfalfa pollinator Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Buckner James S. , Kemp William P. , Bosch Jordi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAlfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata (F.), overwinter as prepupae. The internal lipids were extracted from prepupae that had been wintered at 4°C for 7 months. Megachile rotundata prepupae possessed copious quantities of internal lipids (20% of the fresh weight) that were extracted with CHCl3/methanol (2:1). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that lipids were stored within very large intracellular vacuoles. Separation by silica chromatography revealed that 88% of the internal lipids were triacylglycerols. Ester derivatives of fatty acids from triacylglycerol components were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and 15 fatty acid constituents were identified. The majority (76%) of the triacylglycerol fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids. The major triacylglycerol fatty acid constituent (30%) was the C16 monounsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid (16:1, hexadec‐9‐enoic acid), with substantial amounts of linolenic acid (18:3, octadec‐9,12,15‐trienoic acid, 15%), palmitic acid (16:0, hexadecanoic acid, 14%) and oleic acid (18:1, octadec‐9‐enoic acid, 13%). Palmitoleic acid as the major fatty acid of an insect is an unusual occurrence as well as the presence of the 16‐carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, 16:2 and 16:3. The major intact triacylglycerol components were separated and identified by high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A complex mixture of approximately 40 triacylglycerol components were identified and major components included palmitoyl palmitoleoyl oleoyl glycerol, palmitoyl palmitoleoyl palmitoleoyl glycerol, myristoyl palmitoleoyl palmitoleoyl glycerol, myristoleoyl palmitoyl palmitoleoyl glycerol, and palmitoyl palmitoleoyl linolenoyl glycerol. The function of these internal lipids and their relevance to winter survival and post‐wintering development of M. rotundata is discussed. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 57:1–14, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning and bacterial expression of pheromone binding protein in the antennae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Authors: Wang Gui Rong , Wu Kong Ming , Guo Yu Yuan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA cDNA clone coding for pheromone binding protein was isolated from the antennae of Helicoverpa armigera by RT‐PCR and (5′/3′)‐RACE technique. The full‐length of H. armigera pheromone binding protein (HarmPBP) was 952 bp, possessing 162 amino acid residues including a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. Its predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point were 18.26 kDa and 5.23, respectively. This deduced amino acid sequence shared some common structural features with odorant‐binding proteins from several moth species, including the six conserved cysteine motif, a typical characteristic of insect's odorant‐binding proteins. Northern blot showed that HarmPBP is specifically expressed in the antennae of Helicoverpa armigera and more abundantly expressed in male than female. During the antennal development, HarmPBP is first expressed about 4 days prior to adult eclosion and rises to a plateau 2 days prior to adult eclosion. In order to obtain sufficient PBP for further determining its biochemical and physiological properties, a bacterical expression vector of PBP was constructed and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant PBP was shown to cross‐react with an anti‐PBP antiserum from Antheraea polyphemus. Polyclonal antibodies against HarmPBP were used to mark the distribution of the protein in olfactory sensilla. Very strong labeling was observed in the sensillum lymph of the hair lumen and of the sensillum‐lymph cavity. In the male, HarmPBP is expressed in sensilla trichodea and not in sensilla basiconica, while in the female, it is expressed both in sensilla basiconica and sensilla trichodea. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 57:15–27, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalytic activity and expression of two flavin‐containing monooxygenases from Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Scharf Michael E. , Scharf Dancia W. , Bennett Gary W. , Pittendrigh Barry R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTwo flavin‐containing monooxygenase genes occur in the Drosophila genome (named DmFMO‐1 and DmFMO‐2). Differences exist between these two FMOs in: (1) genomic DNA architecture and predicted post‐translational modifications; (2) recombinant protein solubility, activity, and absorbance spectra; and (3) subcellular distribution and developmental transcription/translation profiles in wildtype flies. Characteristic FAD absorbance spectra and strong catalytic competence in methimazole sulfoxidation were observed for recombinant DmFMO‐2. Alternatively, weak sulfoxidation was observed for DmFMO‐1, which correlated with reduced solubility in the recombinant system. Western blot analyses using specific antisera raised to each FMO showed the two FMOs to be immunologically distinct. In addition, Western blot analyses revealed FMO protein expression in both the microsomal and cytosolic sub‐cellular fractions. Interestingly, a larger form of DmFMO‐1 occurs in the cytosol that is most strongly expressed in the adult head. These findings suggest divergent physiological roles for DmFMO‐1 and DmFMO‐2. More specifically, it appears that DmFMO‐1 has a distinct developmental role, while DmFMO‐2 may have a general housekeeping function. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 57:28–39, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrospective comparison of open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy
Authors: Hall N J , Ade-Ajayi N , Al-Roubaie J , Curry J , Kiely E M , Pierro A 
Published: August 2004

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is gaining popularity in the management of pyloric stenosis. However, there is no unequivocal evidence in favour of the laparoscopic over the open approach. This paper reports an experience with laparoscopic pyloromyotomy and an attempt to identify any benefit over the open procedure.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of all 87 pyloromyotomies performed at this institution for pyloric stenosis over the 39 months since the first laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was performed.

Results
Data for 39 infants who underwent laparoscopic pyloromyotomy were compared with those for 38 infants who underwent pyloromyotomy via a periumbilical incision. Patient demographics were similar between the two groups. The duration of operation was longer for laparoscopic pyloromyotomy than for the open procedure (median 50 versus 30 min; P = 0·001). There were no differences in recovery time, postoperative length of hospital stay, complication rates and postoperative analgesia requirements between the two groups.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy has been incorporated successfully into the authors' standard working practice. Complication rates recovery times were similar to those achievable with the open procedure. There was no clear benefit of one approach over the other.
Robot-assisted abdominal surgery
Authors: Gutt C N , Oniu T , Mehrabi A , Kashfi A , Schemmer P , Büchler M W 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackgroundRobotic assistance or telemanipulation is the latest technological advance in minimally invasive surgery. Its future implementation will depend on the advantages that it can provide over standard laparoscopy or open surgery.MethodsAll Medline-cited papers (from case reports to reviews) about telemanipulators used in visceral surgery were assessed. The data in each paper were analysed to enable an up-to-date review of robot-assisted abdominal surgery by the most advanced telemanipulator (da Vinci®).ResultsMost papers presented case series demonstrating the feasibility of robotic technology in performing a specific procedure. Comparative studies of robot-assisted surgery versus standard laparoscopic or open surgery were usually matched cohort studies. They generally showed an increased operating time for robot-assisted procedures but with similar rates of conversion, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and mortality in comparison to those of laparoscopic surgery. Consistent long-term follow-up data were missing and only one randomized clinical trial was conducted.ConclusionRobot-assisted surgery appears safe and feasible for certain standard surgical procedures. However, at its current level of development, it offers no clear, significant advantage over standard laparoscopic techniques.
Randomized clinical trial of continuous sutures or non-penetrating clips for radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Zeebregts C J , van den Dungen J J A M , van Det R J , Verhoeven E L G , Geelkerken R H , van Schilfgaarde R 
Published: August 2004

Abstract

Background
Despite several modifications to the original design, patency rates of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas have changed little since the first report in 1966. The use of non-penetrating clips for vascular anastomosis on the outcome of such fistulas was studied.

Methods
Between January 2000 and August 2003, 107 primary radiocephalic fistulas were constructed in 98 patients. The vascular anastomoses were performed at random with either sutures (n = 56) or clips (n = 51).

Results
Although there were trends for better primary and primary assisted patency of clipped fistulas, the differences were not statistically significant. The 6-month primary patency rate was 61 per cent with sutures and 69 per cent with clips (P = 0·393). The mean(s.d.) primary patency was 315(306) and 285(285) days for clipped and sutured fistulas respectively. With regard to secondary patency, clipped fistulas were better (P = 0·009). The mean(s.d.) secondary patency was 435(376) and 344(316) days for clipped and sutured fistulas, respectively. There were no significant differences in flow characteristics, number of revisions or other morbidity.

Conclusion
This randomized clinical trial provided further evidence that the use of vascular clips may improve the patency rate of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis.
Inter‐category versus intra‐category fit: when social categories match social context
Authors: Wegener Ingo , Klauer Karl Christoph 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe goal of the research reported in this article was to examine whether social categorization, commonly thought to be a function of accessibility and intra‐category fit, is also sensitive to changes in inter‐category fit. Intra‐category fit refers to the match between a target person's features and stored categorical knowledge, inter‐category fit to the extent to which category memberships and targets' features covary across perceived group members. In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, members of social categories of low, medium, and high accessibility, respectively, were shown in a group discussion. Inter‐category fit was manipulated in three steps. Category salience in memory increased as an additive function of accessibility and inter‐category fit. Experiment 4 replicated the effects of inter‐category fit while intra‐category fit and the information presented for individual discussants were held constant. The present studies are the first to demonstrate an effect of inter‐category fit on a relatively direct measure of spontaneous social categorization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negotiating interests or values and reaching integrative agreements: the importance of time pressure and temporary impasses
Authors: Harinck Fieke , De Dreu Carsten K. W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNegotiation research and theory tends to focus on interests and ignores values. This experiment compared the influence of negotiations about interests with negotiations about values under low or high time pressure. Results showed that (1) individuals got locked into early impasses more often under low than high time pressure, (2) getting locked into early impasse produced a switch from low levels of integrative behaviour early in the negotiation to high levels late in the negotiation, but only when interests rather than values were negotiated, (3) individuals reached higher joint outcomes when interests rather than values were negotiated, especially when time pressure was low rather than high, because of (4) the relatively greater switch to high levels of integrative behaviour in the case of low time pressure and conflict of interest. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneity perception as a reaction to identity threat: effects of status difference in a simulated society game
Authors: Karasawa Minoru , Karasawa Kaori , Hirose Yukio 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe present study examined how members of low status groups would react to a threat to their social identity. Undergraduates participated in a ‘simulated society game,’ and were divided into four groups, each of which was assigned either a high or low status. During a series of game sessions with intergroup competition and cooperation, participants estimated the range of distributions among in‐ group and out‐group members regarding various traits. The central tendency and variability derived from each estimate were analysed. Members of the low status groups deprecated their in‐group with respect to a status‐defining trait, but showed in‐group favouritism regarding alternative, status‐irrelevant traits. Furthermore, the low status members judged their in‐group as more homogeneous than the out‐group regarding the alternative traits, particularly when they were compared to a high status group. The results were interpreted as an indication of a subtle form of maintaining positive in‐group evaluations. Theoretical and methodological implications for the study of status effects are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motivational influence on the quality of memories: recall of general autobiographical memories related to desired attributes
Authors: Brunot Sophie , Sanitioso Rasyid Bo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis article concerns recall of general autobiographical memories in motivated self‐perception. General memories, comprising abstraction of repeated or similar behaviours, have more impact on how one defines oneself than do specific memories. In a study, participants were first induced to believe that either extraversion or introversion leads to success. In the recall task that followed, introversion‐success participants recalled more general memories related to introversion than did extraversion‐success participants. In contrast, extraversion‐success participants recalled more general extraverted memories than did introversion‐success participants. Thus, to preserve a positive self‐image as characterized by desirable attributes, recall may be directed towards generation of general memories related to the attributes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The representation of majorities and minorities in the British press: a content analytic approach
Authors: Gardikiotis Antonis , Martin Robin , Hewstone Miles 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA content analysis examined the way majorities and minorities are represented in the British press. An analysis of the headlines of five British newspapers, over a period of five years, revealed that the words ‘majority’ and ‘minority’ appeared 658 times. Majority headlines were most frequent (66% ), more likely to emphasize the numerical size of the majority, to link majority status with political groups, to be described with positive evaluations, and to cover political issues. By contrast, minority headlines were less frequent (34%), more likely to link minority status with ethnic groups and to other social issues, and less likely to be described with positive evaluations. The implications of examining how real‐life majorities and minorities are represented for our understanding of experimental research are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐order boundary conditions for linearized shallow water equations with stratification, dispersion and advection
Authors: van Joolen Vince J. , Neta Beny , Givoli Dan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe two‐dimensional linearized shallow water equations are considered in unbounded domains with density stratification. Wave dispersion and advection effects are also taken into account. The infinite domain is truncated via a rectangular artificial boundary ℬ︁, and a high‐order open boundary condition (OBC) is imposed on ℬ︁. Then the problem is solved numerically in the finite domain bounded by ℬ︁. A recently developed boundary scheme is employed, which is based on a reformulation of the sequence of OBCs originally proposed by Higdon. The OBCs can easily be used up to any desired order. They are incorporated here in a finite difference scheme. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the performance and advantages of the computational method, with an emphasis is on the effect of stratification. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passive control of the flow around a square cylinder using porous media
Authors: Bruneau Charles‐Henri , Mortazavi Iraj 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe passive control of bluff body flows using porous media is investigated by means of the penalization method. This method is used to create intermediate porous media between solid obstacles and the fluid in order to modify the boundary layer behaviour. The study covers a wide range of two‐dimensional flows from low transitional flow to fully established turbulence by direct numerical simulation of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. A parametric study is performed to illustrate the effect of the porous layer permeability and thickness on the passive control. The numerical results reveal the ability of porous media to both regularize the flow and to reduce the drag forces up to 30%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free boundary viscous flows at micro and mesolevel during liquid composites moulding process
Authors: Dimitrovová Zuzana , Advani Suresh G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNumerical simulation aspects, related to low Reynolds number free boundary viscous flows at micro and mesolevel during the resin impregnation stage of the liquid composite moulding process (LCM), are presented in this article. A free boundary program (FBP), developed by the authors, is used to track the movement of the resin front accurately by accounting for the surface tension effects at the boundary. Issues related to the global and local mass conservation (GMC and LMC) are identified and discussed. Unsuitable conditions for LMC and consequently GMC are uncovered at low capillary numbers, and hence a strategy for the numerical simulation of such flows is suggested.FBP encompasses a set of subroutines that are linked to modules in ANSYS. FBP can capture the void formation dynamics based on the analysis developed. We present resin impregnation dynamics in two dimensions. Extension to three dimensions is a subject for further research. Several examples are shown and efficiency of different stabilization techniques are compared. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐oscillatory relaxation methods for the shallow‐water equations in one and two space dimensions
Authors: Seaïd Mohammed 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a new family of high‐order relaxation methods is constructed. These methods combine general higher‐order reconstruction for spatial discretization and higher order implicit‐explicit schemes or TVD Runge–Kutta schemes for time integration of relaxing systems. The new methods retain all the attractive features of classical relaxation schemes such as neither Riemann solvers nor characteristic decomposition are needed. Numerical experiments with the shallow‐water equations in both one and two space dimensions on flat and non‐flat topography demonstrate the high resolution and the ability of our relaxation schemes to better resolve the solution in the presence of shocks and dry areas without using either Riemann solvers or front tracking techniques. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new algorithm to handle finite nuclear mass effects in electronic calculations: The ISOTOPE program
Authors: Gonçalves Cristina P. , Mohallem José R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe report the development of a simple algorithm to modify quantum chemistry codes based on the LCAO procedure, to account for the isotope problem in electronic structure calculations. No extra computations are required compared to standard Born–Oppenheimer calculations. An upgrade of the Gamess package called ISOTOPE is presented, and its applicability is demonstrated in some examples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1736–1739, 2004
Ab initio and DFT studies on hydrolyses of phosphorus halides
Authors: Lee Oh‐Seuk , Yang Kiyull , Kang Keum Duck , Koo In Sun , Kim Chan‐Kyung , Lee Ikchoon 
Published: August 2004

AbstractHydrolyses of phosphorus halides, (RO)2POX where R = H or Me and X = F or Cl, in the gas phase and in the reaction field have been investigated theoretically with ab initio and the density functional theory (DFT). The free energy of activation in the reaction field was also estimated using the Onsager method with a correction of entropy change and basis set superposition error (BSSE). The reaction of (MeO)2POF proceeds through a path with bifunctional catalysis regardless of the medium, but the reaction of (MeO)2POCl proceeds through bifunctional and general base catalysis in the gas phase and in water, respectively. The estimated free energy barrier of 23 kcal/mol for the hydrolysis of (MeO)2POF is in good agreement with the experimental values of 24 kcal/mol, and relative barrier of 3 kcal/mol to the (MeO)2POCl is also in good agreement with the experimental values of 5 kcal/mol of diisopropyl phosphorus halides ((PriO)2POX, X = F and Cl). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1740–1748, 2004
Asymptotic results on the existence of 4‐RGDDs and uniform 5‐GDDs
Authors: Ge Gennian , Ling Alan C. H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we continue to investigate the existence of 4‐RGDDs and uniform 5‐GDDs. It is proved that the necessary conditions for the existence of such designs are also sufficient with a finite number of possible exceptions. As an application, the known results on the existence of uniform 4‐frames are also improved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α‐Resolvable group divisible designs with block size three
Authors: Zhang Yan , Du Beiliang 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA group divisible design GD(k,λ,t;tu) is α‐resolvable if its blocks can be partitioned into classes such that each point of the design occurs in precisely α blocks in each class. The necessary conditions for the existence of such a design are λt(u − 1) = r(k − 1), bk = rtu, k|αtu and α|r. It is shown in this paper that these conditions are also sufficient when k = 3, with some definite exceptions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.