bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is health insurance really benefitting Indian population? Evidence from a nationally representative sample survey
Authors: Aashima  , Sharma Rajesh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundUniversal health coverage (UHC) is the centrepiece of the sustainable development goals and aims to ensure access to essential and quality healthcare services to all without facing financial hardships. Several health insurance programmes have been launched in India to progress towards UHC.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the impact of health insurance (overall health insurance, government sponsored health insurance (GSHI), and private voluntary health insurance) on accessibility and utilization of inpatient care, out‐of‐pocket health expenditure (OOPE), catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), and impoverishment in India.Data and MethodologyThe 75th round of National Sample Survey Office was used in the study, which covered 555,115 individuals, 113,823 households, and 91,445 hospitalization incidence all over India. Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) methods were employed.ResultsEnrolment under health insurance has impacted the accessibility and utilization pattern of hospitalization to some extent for the insured. PSM showed that enrolment under GSHI schemes reduced OOPE by INR 3314 (USD 49) and CHE incidence by 1%–4% at various thresholds. Among poor persons, there was a marginal but statistically significant reduction of OOPE among those enrolled under GSHI schemes (p < 0.05). However, GSHI schemes did not statistically significantly reduce the CHE burden for poor persons enrolled (p > 0.05). Furthermore, enrolment under private voluntary health insurance reduced OOPE by INR 13,511 (USD 198) and CHE by 13.47% at 10% threshold, 4.61% at 25% threshold, and 2.65% at 40% threshold. However, its uptake was primarily confined to richer economic quintiles and urban areas that exacerbates equity concerns. All the results were confirmed through robustness measures employed.ConclusionsThere is a necessity to increase awareness and uptake of health insurance, along with introducing comprehensive insurance packages covering both inpatient and outpatient care. Also, increasing public health spending, strengthening public healthcare facilities, and improving regulatory implementation of private healthcare providers are imperative to augment financial protection.
Employing higher density lower reliability weather data from the Global Historical Climatology Network monitors to generate serially complete weather data for watershed modelling
Authors: Garna Roja K. , Easton Zachary M. , Faulkner Joshua W. , Collick Amy S. , Fuka Daniel R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHydrological models require complete and accurate weather data time series to represent watershed‐scale responses adequately. The Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is the most comprehensive weather database used in hydrological modelling studies globally. Since higher‐density, lower‐reliability precipitation measurements from private citizens collected by the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network data were integrated into the GHCN, hydrological modellers in the United States have access to a much greater amount of weather data. However, the benefit of using CoCoRaHS data has not been assessed. The objectives of this work were to develop a method for generating a complete weather data time series based on the combination of data from multiple GHCN monitors and to assess several methods for the estimation of missing weather data. Weather data from GHCN monitors located within a specific radius of a watershed were obtained and interpolated using three estimation methods (Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Inverse Distance and Elevation Weighting (IDEW) and Closest Station), creating a seamless time series of weather observations. To evaluate the performance of the methodologies, weather data obtained from each estimation method was used to force the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Thornthwaite‐Mather models for 21 US Department of Agriculture‐Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds in different climate regions to simulate daily streamflow for 2010–2021. Except for three watersheds, all of the SWAT models had Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency above 0.5, the ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of observations below 0.7, and percent bias from −25% to 25% with a satisfactory performance rating. IDEW and IDW performed similarly, and the Closest Station method resulted in the poorest streamflow simulation. A comparison with published SWAT model results further corroborated improved model performance using novel combined GHCN data with all Closest Station, IDW and IDEW methods.
Relationship between isotope ratios in precipitation and stream water across watersheds of the National Ecological Observation Network
Authors: Butler Zachariah , Good Stephen , Haagsma Marja , Segura Catalina , Hu Huancui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe timescales associated with precipitation moving through watersheds reveal processes that are critical to understanding many hydrologic systems. Measurements of environmental stable water isotope ratios (δ2H and δ18O) have been used as tracers to study hydrologic timescales by examining how long it takes for incoming precipitation tracers become stream discharge, yet limited measurements both spatially and temporally have bounded macroscale evaluations so far. In this observation driven study across North American biomes within the National Ecological Observation Network (NEON), we examined δ18O and δ2H stable water isotope in precipitation (δP) and stream water (δQ) at 26 co‐located sites. With an average 54 precipitation samples and 139 stream water samples per site collected over 2014–2022, assessment of local meteoric water lines and local stream water lines showed geographic variation across North America. Taking the ratio of estimated seasonal amplitudes of δP and δQ to calculate young water fractions (Fyw), showed a Fyw range from 1% to 93% with most sites having Fyw below 20%. Calculated mean transit times (MTT) based on a gamma convolution model showed a MTT range from 0.10 to 13.2 years, with half of the sites having MTT estimates lower than 2 years. Significant correlations were found between the Fyw and watershed area, longest flow length, and the longest flow length/slope. Significant correlations were found between MTT and site latitude, longitude, slope, clay fraction, temperature, precipitation magnitude, and precipitation frequency. The significant correlations between water timescale metrics and the environmental characteristics we report share some similarities with those reported in prior studies, demonstrating that these quantities are primarily driven by site or area specific factors. The analysis of isotope data presented here provides important constraints on isotope variation in North American biomes and the timescales of water movement through NEON study sites.
Spatially distributed tracer‐aided modelling to explore DOC dynamics, hot spots and hot moments in a tropical mountain catchment
Authors: Pesántez Juan , Birkel Christian , Gaona Gabriel , Arciniega‐Esparza Saúl , Murray Desneiges S. , Mosquera Giovanny M. , Célleri Rolando , Mora Enma , Crespo Patricio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTracer‐aided rainfall‐runoff modelling is a promising tool for understanding catchment hydrology, particularly when tracers provide information about coupled hydrological‐biogeochemical processes. Such models allow for predicting the quality and quantity of water under changing climatic and anthropogenic conditions. Here, we present the Spatially‐distributed Tracer‐Aided Rainfall‐Runoff model with a coupled biogeochemical reactive tracer module (STARR‐DOC) to simulate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics and sources. The STARR‐DOC model was developed and tested for a humid high Andean ecosystem (páramo) using high‐resolution hourly DOC and hydrometeorological data to simulate hourly discharge and DOC at a fine spatial (10 × 10 m) resolution. Overall, the model was able to acceptably reproduce discharge (KGE ~ 0.45) and stream DOC (KGE ~ 0.69) dynamics. Spatially distributed DOC simulations were independently compared using point DOC measurements for different soil types across the catchment, which allowed for identifying DOC production hot spots and hot moments. Results showed higher hydrological connectivity between slopes and valleys with increasing precipitation. Wetter conditions also favoured DOC production (wet month = 82 mg L−1, dry month = 5 mg L−1) and transport to the stream network (DOC concentrations: during events ~15 mg L−1, during baseflows ~4 mg L−1). Our results also suggest that minor changes in meteorological conditions directly affect páramo soil water dynamics and biogeochemistry. Knowledge of when and where DOC production in mountain catchments is greatest is important for water managers to understand when they make decisions about water security, especially considering climate change predictions for the Andean region.
A comparative study on chromium‐induced micronuclei assessment in the peripheral blood of Hsd:ICR mice
Authors: García‐Rodríguez María del Carmen , Hernández‐Cortés Lourdes Montserrat , Montaño‐Rodríguez Ana Rosa , Pereyra‐Mejía Pedro Salvador , Kacew Sam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the genotoxic effects of chromium (Cr) in Hsd:ICR mice, considering factors such as oxidative state, apoptosis, exposure pathway, duration, pregnancy, and transplacental exposure. Genotoxicity was assessed using the erythrocytes' micronucleus (MN) assay, while apoptosis was evaluated in nucleated blood cells. The results showed that Cr(III) (CrK(SO4)2 and CrCl3) did not induce any marked genotoxic damage. However, Cr(VI) (CrO3, K2Cr2O7, Na2Cr2O7, and K2CrO4) produced varying degrees of genotoxicity, with CrO3 being the most potent. MN frequencies increased following 24‐h exposure, with a greater effect in male mice. Administering 20 mg/kg of CrO3 via gavage did not lead to significant effects compared to intraperitoneal administration. Short‐term oral treatment with a daily dose of 8.5 mg/kg for 49 days elevated MN levels only on day 14 after treatment. Pregnant female mice exposed to CrO3 on day 15 of pregnancy exhibited reduced genotoxic effects compared to nonpregnant animals. However, significant increases in MN levels were found in their fetuses starting 48 h after exposure. In summary, data indicate the potential genotoxic effects of Cr, with Cr(VI) forms inducing higher genotoxicity than Cr(III). These findings indicate that gender, exposure route, and pregnancy status might influence genotoxic responses to Cr.
Hypokalemia and Hyponatremia in Adult Patients Receiving Voriconazole Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Cheng Lin , Liu Zhirui , Yu Mingjie , Lin Ling , Xiong Lirong , Dai Qing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHypokalemia and hyponatremia are common but easily ignored adverse events in treatment with voriconazole (VCZ) that can lead to serious consequences. We intend to investigate the incidence of VCZ‐induced hypokalemia and hyponatremia and their risk factors based on real‐world data. A prospective study was conducted. A total of 272 patients with 414 VCZ plasma trough concentrations (C0) and VCZ N‐oxide concentrations (CN) were included. The incidence of hypokalemia was 18.0% (48/266). A total of 81.2% (39/48) of patients developed hypokalemia within 14 days, whereas 56.2% (27/48) of patients developed hypokalemia within 1 week. The proportion of female patients in the hypokalemia group was higher than that in the nonhypokalemia group, as was the proportion of patients receiving intravenous VCZ. In the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for hypokalemia were sex, combined use of antibiotics, and VCZ CN/C0. The incidence of hyponatremia was 7.9% (21/266). The proportion of patients over 47 years of age in the hyponatremia group was 71.4% (15/21). The number of days of VCZ use in the hyponatremia group was greater than that in the nonhyponatremia group. A total of 47.6% (10/21) of patients in the hyponatremia group had supratherapeutic VCZ C0 (>5.0 µg/mL). In conclusion, hypokalemia is more likely to occur in females, in patients receiving intravenous VCZ, and in patients with the combined use of antibiotics. Hyponatremia is more likely to occur in patients older than 47 years who have been using VCZ for a long time and have higher VCZ C0 values.
Engineering a tunable micropattern‐array assay to sort single extracellular vesicles and particles to detect RNA and protein in situ
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Rima Xilal Y. , Wang Xinyu , Nguyen Luong T. H. , Huntoon Kristin , Ma Yifan , Palacio Paola Loreto , Nguyen Kim Truc , Albert Karunya , Duong‐Thi Minh‐Dao , Walters Nicole , Kwak Kwang Joo , Yoon Min Jin , Li Hong , Doon‐Ralls Jacob , Hisey Colin L. , Lee Daeyong , Wang Yifan , Ha Jonghoon , Scherler Kelsey , Fallen Shannon , Lee Inyoul , Palmer Andre F. , Jiang Wen , Magaña Setty M. , Wang Kai , Kim Betty Y. S. , Lee L. James , Reátegui Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe molecular heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the co‐isolation of physically similar particles, such as lipoproteins (LPs), confounds and limits the sensitivity of EV bulk biomarker characterization. Herein, we present a single‐EV and particle (siEVP) protein and RNA assay (siEVPPRA) to simultaneously detect mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins in subpopulations of EVs and LPs. The siEVPPRA immobilizes and sorts particles via positive immunoselection onto micropatterns and focuses biomolecular signals in situ. By detecting EVPs at a single‐particle resolution, the siEVPPRA outperformed the sensitivities of bulk‐analysis benchmark assays for RNA and protein. To assess the specificity of RNA detection in complex biofluids, EVs from various glioma cell lines were processed with small RNA sequencing, whereby two mRNAs and two miRNAs associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were chosen for cross‐validation. Despite the presence of single‐EV‐LP co‐isolates in serum, the siEVPPRA detected GBM‐associated vesicular RNA profiles in GBM patient siEVPs. The siEVPPRA effectively examines intravesicular, intervesicular, and interparticle heterogeneity with diagnostic promise.
Childhood and adulthood trauma exposure: Associations with perinatal mental health and psychotherapy response
Authors: Ponting Carolyn , Bond Melissa , Rogowski Belén , Chu Ann , Lieberman Alicia F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTrauma exposure is strongly linked to maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms during the perinatal period; however, childhood trauma exposure is often assessed without accounting for adult exposure. This study tested the unique impacts of childhood and adulthood trauma exposure on PTSD and depressive symptoms among pregnant women (N = 107, 82.9% Latina) enrolled in a nonrandomized intervention study. Regression analyses at baseline showed positive associations between trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms irrespective of trauma timing, childhood: B = 1.62, t(91) = 2.11, p = .038; adulthood: B = 2.92, t(91) = 3.04, p = .003. However only adulthood trauma exposure, B = 1.28, t(94) = 2.94, p = .004, was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Mixed‐effects analyses of variance revealed interaction effects of time and adulthood trauma exposure, indicating that women with high degrees of adulthood trauma exposure had higher baseline levels of PTSD, F(1, 76.4) = 6.45, p = .013, and depressive symptoms, F(1, 87.2) = 4.88, p = .030, but showed a more precipitous decrease posttreatment than women with lower levels of adulthood trauma exposure. These findings support the clinical relevance of assessing both childhood and adulthood trauma exposure during the perinatal period given their impacts on baseline symptoms and psychotherapy response.
Long‐term combined subsoiling and straw mulching conserves water and improves agricultural soil properties
Authors: Yang Yonghui , Liu Hao , Wu Jicheng , Gao Cuimin , Zhang Sensen , Tang Darrell W. S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSubsoiling and straw mulching are two techniques that conserve soil water and improve the sustainability of agricultural production. However, the benefits to soil sustainability of combining subsoiling with straw mulching under intensive rotation between wheat and maize remain uncertain. We conducted a field experiment to determine the long‐term impacts of conventional tillage with straw mulching (CS), and subsoiling with straw mulching (SS), on soil macropore characteristics (>160 μm), soil aggregate characteristics, and soil hydraulic parameters at 0–100 cm depths. Results indicate that SS increased the mean macropore number (66.9%), macroporosity (93.5%), pore circularity (3.5%), field moisture capacity (11.8%), saturated moisture content (21.4%), available soil moisture content (24.1%), and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (39.3%) in the shallowest 50 cm of soil, and total organic carbon content (34.5%) and soil labile organic carbon (20.2%) in the shallowest 30 cm of soil, compared to CS. Compared with CS, SS was more effective at increasing the proportion of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm in the top 20 cm of soil and decreasing the proportion of aggregates smaller than 0.25 mm in the top 30 cm of soil. Correlations between soil organic carbon and various soil physical properties under different practices suggest that SS has larger causative effects on soil physical properties than CS. Therefore, SS is recommended over CS.
THE POWER OF LEADERSHIP HUMILITY IN THE AI ERA
Authors: Chamorro‐Premuzic Tomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe author, who among other things is the Chief Innovation Officer at ManpowerGroup, a professor of business psychology at University College London and at Columbia University, writes about the normalization of narcissism in an age of AI/artificial intelligence, and what this means for leadership and society as a whole. He also discusses the disinformation that can come about with generative AI, which “can be easily trained to produce anything we would normally produce, in our style, automating our opinions and thoughts.” Yet this a complicated, nuanced situation: “Humans have always displayed a deep desire for appreciation, which is not just responsible for much of the vanity and entitlement in the world, but also civilization and progress.” He continues that, “whatever you think of cathedrals, symphonies, and hundred‐year‐old corporations, they are rarely the product of pure narcissism, but rather a watered‐down version of it, diluted with hard work and competence, including leadership talent.” He notes the importance of humility, especially in “personal risk management. The less you are dishonest with yourself about your own talents, the more likely you will be to avoid unnecessary risks, mistakes, and failure. Only people who overestimate their abilities go to critical job interviews, client presentations, and academic exams ill‐prepared.”
HOW TO MEASURE, ANALYZE, AND IMPROVE DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION
Authors: Pinkett Randal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe author, an entrepreneur, innovator, and DEI expert who is the co‐founder, chairman, and CEO of BCT Partners, presents solid research and statistics to back up the importance of DEI/Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion within organizations. He also notes the current challenges (including political and legislative) aimed at DEI initiatives, and to related areas such as book banning in libraries and “anti‐wokeness.” His research is highly data‐driven. He writes: “Data‐Driven DEI™ is geared toward everyday people first and foremost and not just DEI champions and leaders. Why? Because organizations do not change. People change.” He outlines a number of points within the business case for DEI, which in his words are Winning the competition for talent, strengthening customer orientation, increasing employee trust, retention, engagement, satisfaction, and performance, Improving decision making and fostering innovation, and enhancing the organization's image to employees and consumers. The personal case for DEI covers, in his words, enhancing personal growth, expanding diversity of thought, improving health and wellness, and enriching learning and performance at school and work, mitigating biases and negative stereotypes, enlarging networks of relationships, expanding civic engagement and positive outcomes for others, and receiving more positive evaluations, earlier promotions, and higher compensation.
Wideband patch antenna using a zigzag‐shaped bridge feeding structure
Authors: Fu AnBang , Li Lei , Han JiaYing , Xiong HuiDong , Wu WanYing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new zigzag‐shaped bridge feeding structure (ZBS) for patch antennas is proposed in this letter. The feeding structure consists of a zigzag‐shaped strip and two metal piers (left one is coaxial feed pin, the other is short post connect to ground.) The length of the strip is approximately half wavelength to the low‐frequency resonance point, while the distance between the two piers is approximately half wavelength of higher resonance point. The ZBS can excite two resonances to enhance bandwidth. This letter provides an intuitive explanation of its working principle from the perspective of electromagnetic fields. A prototype patch antenna working in the frequency range of 2.42–3.22 GHz was designed, simulated, and manufactured. The results show that the designed antenna achieved a wide working bandwidth of 28% (|S11|<−10 dB), low cross‐polarization (<23 dB), and a good average gain of 8.3 dBi.
The impacts of COVID‐19 on racial inequality in business earnings
Authors: Fairlie Robert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany small businesses closed in the pandemic, but were economic losses disproportionately felt by businesses owned by people of color? This paper provides the first study of the impacts of COVID‐19 on racial inequality in business earnings. Pandemic‐induced losses to business earnings in 2020 were 16% to 19% for all business owners. Racial inequality increased in the pandemic: Black business owners experienced larger negative impacts on business earnings of 12% to 14% relative to White business owners. Regression estimates for Latinx and Asian business owners reveal negative point estimates but the estimates are not statistically significant. Using Blinder‐Oaxaca decompositions and a new pandemic‐focused decomposition technique, I find that the industry concentrations of Black, Latinx, and Asian business owners placed each of these groups at a higher risk of experiencing disproportionate business earnings losses in the pandemic. Higher education levels among Asian business owners helped insulate them from larger losses from COVID‐19. In the following year of economic recovery, 2021, business earnings rebounded strongly for all groups except for Asian business owners, who experienced large relative losses (which were partly due to industry concentrations). State‐level variation in policies and disease spread does not explain racial differences in business earnings losses or rebounds.