bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does the first index mode of birth in public or private hospitals predict subsequent births? A 16-year Australian population-based linked data study
Authors: Peters Lilian , de Jonge Ank , de Boer Michiel , Downe Soo , Dahlen Hannah G 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
In this descriptive study, we aimed to assess how the index mode of birth and subsequent birth modes vary over time for public and private hospital maternity care funding models. The second aim was to determine to what extent the index mode of birth predicts subsequent birth modes in general and whether this differs in public versus private hospital maternity care funding models. With our aim, we have an innovative approach, specifically the women’s life course approach, which is hypothesis-generating and can be assessed in future studies.

Design, setting and participants
New South Wales population-linked data of low-risk women were analysed (2001–2016). Demographics and public/private care were recorded. Modes of the index birth and subsequent modes of second and third births (ie, spontaneous vaginal, instrumental vaginal elective/emergency caesarean birth) were registered. For those with 2 births and 3 births, 16 and 64 subsequent births patterns were created.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
Trend of index modes of birth and subsequent modes of birth over time and the prediction of subsequent birth modes based on the index birth. These outcomes were stratified for the initial maternity care funding model.

Results
In total, 172 041 low-risk nulliparous women were included in the initial cohort, 54.1% had a spontaneous index vaginal birth and 71% had their index birth in public hospitals. During the study period, 131 675 women had 2 births and 44 677 of these women had 3 births, respectively. Among women birthing in public hospitals, higher proportions of index and subsequent vaginal births were observed than in private hospitals, with fewer instrumental vaginal births and caesarean sections. Large differences were observed for birth patterns: vaginal-vaginal (public 55.8% vs private 36.8%) and vaginal-vaginal-vaginal (public 57.2% vs private 38.8%). Women with an index spontaneous vaginal birth showed a high probability (91.3%) of subsequent spontaneous vaginal births. When stratified by maternity care funding model, the probabilities were similar: 91.6% in public hospitals and 90.2% in private hospitals.

Conclusions
Our study of low-risk Australian women (2001–2011) found that those giving birth in public hospitals had higher proportions of spontaneous vaginal births compared with private hospitals, where caesarean sections were more common. Women with an index spontaneous vaginal birth had a very high probability to have subsequent vaginal births. These findings suggest that index mode of birth may be a predictor for subsequent modes of birth.
Understanding the impact of racism on surgical outcomes in settler nation-states USA and Canada: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adedipe Ifeoluwa , Marchand Tyara , Aziz Saffa , Matta Mirna , Brindle Mary , Daodu Oluwatomilayo 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionTo improve surgical quality and safety, health systems must prioritise equitable care for surgical patients. Racialised patients experience worse postoperative outcomes when compared with non-racialised surgical patients in settler colonial nation-states. Identifying preventable adverse outcomes for equity-deserving patient populations is an important starting point to begin to address these gaps in care. To derive literature-based estimates of the outcome gap for racialised surgical patients, we will systematically review and meta-analyse rates of adverse postoperative events associated with common and/or high-risk operations performed in Canada and the USA.Methods and analysisAn electronic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, CINAHL and Scopus will be conducted to identify studies reviewing complication rates of racialised compared with non-racialised patients from inception to December 2023. We will include publications from the USA and Canada comparing surgical outcomes of racialised and non-racialised patients. The procedures of interest will be the four most common (hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, appendectomy and cholecystectomy), and the five highest risk (oesophagectomy, abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic valve replacement, coronary artery bypass graft and pancreatectomy) surgical procedures performed in these countries. The outcomes will be mortality, length of stay in hospital, readmission, reoperation, wound dehiscence, surgical site infection, pulmonary embolism, sepsis or septic shock, pneumonia, blood transfusion, stroke, myocardial infarction and bile duct injury. Summary estimates of cumulative incidence, prevalence, incidence rate and occurrence rate of complications using DerSimonian and Laird random effects models will be calculated for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Heterogeneity in these estimates will be examined using subgroup analyses and meta-regression.Ethics and disseminationThis study uses secondary data and, therefore, does not require ethics approval. This study will be communicated through presentations at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed literature. The results from this study will inform the development of future surgical equity tools and quality improvement programmes and provide benchmarks on the impact of racism on surgical outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024491439.
Impact of out-of-home nutrition labelling on people with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Trompeter Nora , Duffy Fiona , Peebles Imogen , Wadhera Emily , Chambers Kate , Sharpe Helen , Maloney Ellen , Nicholls Dasha , Schmidt Ulrike , Serpell Lucy , Jewell Tom 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesMandatory nutrition labels for out-of-home food consumption have been introduced in several countries to curb rising obesity levels. However, concerns have been raised about the potential negative impacts of such policies on individuals with eating disorders. This review aimed to summarise the literature on the impact of out-of-home nutrition labels on individuals with eating disorders or disordered eating.DesignA systematic search across eight databases was conducted on 11 October 2023.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Scopus and CINAHL. Unpublished studies were searched for on Google Scholar and PsyArXiv.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they assessed the impact of out-of-home nutrition labelling policies on individuals with eating disorders or disordered eating.Data extraction and synthesis538 studies were screened, of which 16 studies met inclusion criteria.ResultsThe reviewed studies included five experimental/quasi-experimental studies, five cross-sectional studies and six qualitative/mixed-methods studies. Across studies, eating disorder pathology was associated with noticing labels more frequently, paying more attention to caloric intake and more frequent behaviour changes due to caloric values. The metasynthesis identified five themes based on the qualitative findings,being drawn to calories,facilitating the eating disorder,reassurance,social eatingandfrustration.ConclusionsThe current review summarised the existing literature on the impact of out-of-home nutrition label policies on individuals with eating disorders. The evidence suggests that there is cause for concern regarding negative impacts, particularly for those with restrictive eating disorders, which should be explored further by research and considered by policymakers when making decisions on public health policies.
Inpatient versus outpatient diagnosis of heart failure across the spectrum of ejection fraction: a population cohort study
Authors: Wang Huan , Gao Chuang , Guignard-Duff Magalie , Cole Christian , Hall Christopher , Baruah Resham , Das Shikta , Gao He , Mamza Jil Billy , Lang Chim C , Mordi Ify R 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundEarly heart failure (HF) diagnosis is crucial to ensure that optimal guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is administered to reduce morbidity and mortality. Limited access to echocardiography could lead to a later diagnosis for patients, for example, during an HF hospitalisation (hHF). This study aimed to compare the incidence and outcomes of inpatient versus outpatient diagnosis of HF.MethodsElectronic health records were linked to echocardiography data between 2015 and 2021 from patients in Tayside, Scotland (population~450 000). Incident HF diagnosis was classified into inpatient or outpatient and stratified by ejection fraction (EF). A non-HF comparator group with normal left ventricular function was also defined. The primary outcome was time to cardiovascular death or hHF within 12 months of diagnosis.ResultsIn total, 5223 individuals were identified, 4231 with HF (1115 heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 666 heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction, 1402 heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and 1048 HF with unknown EF) and 992 with non-HF comparators. Of the 4231 HF patients, 2169 (51.3%) were diagnosed as inpatients. The primary outcome was observed in 1193 individuals with HF (28.1%) and 32 (3.2%) non-HF comparators and was significantly more likely to occur in individuals diagnosed as inpatients than outpatients (809 vs 384 events; adjusted HR: 1.62 (1.39–1.89), p<0.001), and this was consistent regardless of EF. For HFrEF patients first diagnosed as inpatients, those discharged on ≥2 GDMT had a reduced incidence of the primary outcome compared with those discharged on <2 GDMT (303 vs 175 events; adjusted HR: 0.72 (0.55–0.94), p=0.016).ConclusionsIndividuals whose first presentation was a HF hospitalisation had a significantly worse outcome than those who were diagnosed in the community. Among hospitalised individuals, higher use of GDMT was associated with improved outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of improving diagnostic pathways to allow for earlier identification and treatment of HF.
The prevalence of PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer: the EXCEED observational study
Authors: Xue Liyan , Wang Jiaqi , Kuang Dong , Yun Jingping , Li Yuan , Jiang Lili , Wu Daoyuan , Duan Pei , Lu Shixun , Jin Yan , He Du , Qian Jing , Tang Wenmin , Wang Yan , Li Jielin , Ying Jianming 
Published: January 2025

Aims
There are limited data on programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in oesophageal cancer (OC) from multicentre studies conducted across China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced OC.

Methods
The EXCEED study was a multicentre, retrospective analysis of data from six tertiary hospitals that evaluated PD-L1 expression in adults with advanced OC or advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PD-L1 expression was evaluated at each site according to a standardised protocol. The primary outcome was the prevalence of high PD-L1 expression (Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥10) in surgical or tumour biopsy samples. Low PD-L1 expression was defined as CPS <10. Patient demographic and baseline factors associated with high PD-L1 expression were also investigated. This report presents the results for the OC cohort only.

Results
Overall, 482 patients were included, the majority were male (87.6%) and the mean age at diagnosis was 63.3 years; 207 had high PD-L1 expression (42.9%; 95% CI 38.5, 47.5) and 275 had low expression (57.1%; 95% CI 52.5, 61.5). There were significant differences in high PD-L1 expression prevalence between subgroups by sex (p=0.044), number of distant metastases (p=0.020), and if chemotherapy (p=0.004) was received prior to the collection of biological samples (ie, biopsy or surgery).

Conclusions
These real-world data provide a robust estimate of the prevalence of high PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced OC and identify clinicopathological and treatment features related to PD-L1 expression that can inform treatment selection.
Prediction of long-term drug-free outcomes in ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis by combined clinical and ultrasound assessment of residual disease: a 5-year prospective study
Authors: Manzo Antonio , Bozzalla Cassione Emanuele , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Sakellariou Garifallia , Xoxi Blerina , Luvaro Terenzj , Sammali Ylenia , De Stefano Ludovico , Alpini Claudia , Klersy Catherine , Bugatti Serena 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo delineate, within the framework of current clinical practice and criteria, the sustainability of first-line immuno-suppressive treatment discontinuation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the impact of residual disease in remission on long-term drug-free (DF) outcomes.MethodsRA patients, referring to the Pavia early arthritis clinic (EAC) between 2009 and 2021 and achieving remission after Disease Activity Score-driven methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy, were recruited. Eligible patients underwent DF follow-up at 3-month intervals over 5 years after MTX discontinuation. Pre-selected clinical, serological and ultrasound (US) exposure variables at MTX withdrawal were analysed using multivariable Cox regression to predict time-to-flare.ResultsOf 761 EAC patients with RA, 132 started DF follow-up (person-months: 3678). 62 experienced a flare after a median (range) of 9 (3–60) months, resulting in a progressive decline in flare-free survival throughout the observation period. Whole-cohort multivariate Cox regression identified anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positivity (HR: 4.20, 95% CI 2.37 to 7.44) and hands’ joints with grey scale (US-GS) alterations (GS>1; HR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.93) as independent predictors. ACPA-positive patients in Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) remission displayed a flare-free survival estimate at 5 years of 6.4% (95% CI 1.2 to 35.7) versus 78.2% (95% CI 67.4 to 90.8) for ACPA-negative patients in SDAI remission without residual US-GS alteration in hands’ joints (n=59); the latter group showing no evidence of radiographic progression and functional deterioration.ConclusionsLong-term DF remission is attainable in a niche subset of ACPA-negative RA. Examining clinical and subclinical residual synovial abnormalities during remission allows for effective preemptive identification of this subset in real life.
Large CP violation in flavor violating muon decays
Authors: Redigolo Diego , Tammaro Michele , Tesi Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We identify new room for CP violation in lepton flavor violating observables not bound by the electric dipole moment of leptons. By focusing on new physics in the muon-electron sector, we show that CP violation can make its first appearance in lepton flavor violating muon decays rather than in the electric dipole moment of the electron, further motivating the experimental program of Mu3e. We tackle this issue by performing the full one-loop running and matching from the low energy observables at the muon scale, including the T-odd asymmetry in

$$\mu \rightarrow 3e$$

μ
→
3
e

decays, to the Standard Model effective field theory above the electroweak scale. We then sketch a simple UV model that can give rise to these patterns.
Dirac fermions in graphene under curved spacetime: a study of Beltrami geometry and $${{\mathcal {CPT}}}$$ symmetry
Authors: Kouachi Ikram Imane , Yeşiltaş Özlem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We analyze the dynamics of Dirac fermions in graphene set within Beltrami spacetime, characterized by a negative curvature. This research investigates how both curvature and external electromagnetic fields influence electron motion, particularly in terms of Landau level quantization and the quantum Hall effect. By utilizing Darboux transformations, we construct novel solvable potentials along with their associated solutions. Furthermore, we assess the role of

$${\mathcal {CPT}}$$

CPT

symmetry in shaping the Hamiltonian and derive the metric operator

$$\eta $$

η

within the framework of pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics. This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between curvature, symmetry, and quantum behavior in graphene-based systems. We have tested our results using numerical calculations.
Relativistic Einstein rings of Reissner–Nordström black holes nonminimally coupled to electrodynamics
Authors: Maier Rodrigo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper we examine the relativistic Einstein rings assuming a nonminimal coupling between gravitation and electromagnetism in a Reissner–Norström background. Starting from a general action of a nonminimal coupled electrodynamics we show that an unstable effective photon sphere may be obtained in the regime of eikonal approximation. Restricting ourselves to the unstable photon sphere domain we examine the expected angular positions of the first and second relativistic Einstein rings. To compare our results with previous studies in the literature we model the lens as a Galactic supermassive black hole. For fixed coupling parameters we show that such angular positions decrease as the charge parameter increases. The angular separation between the first and second rings is also evaluated. We show that such separation increases as the charge parameter increases. These patterns are not followed by nearly extremal configurations. In this case we show that there is an overlap domain so that the angular position and the corresponding coupling parameter do not allow one to differ extremal cases from complementary configurations which satisfy the cosmic censorship hypothesis.
Dissipative gravitational collapse in f(R) gravity with anisotropy and inhomogeneity density
Authors: Mardan S. A. , Maha  , Manzoor Rubab , Riaz Muhammad Bilal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, we will explore the collective impact of Starobinsky model and horizon function in the proximity of f(R) the theory of gravity (R is the Ricci scalar) in the dissipative gravitational collapse. Our investigation delves into the radiating stellar model with string density accompanied by an exterior Vaidya spacetime in f(R) gravity. We precisely explain the boundary conditions and non-vanishing radial pressure due to heat flux in the presented model. In the model presented here, we have used the horizon function with Starobinsky and Krori and Barua assumptions in the presence of strings to demonstrate the end states of black hole collapse. Graphical analysis is also presented to strengthen our arguments.
Genomic Analysis Reveals Racial and Age-Related Differences in the Somatic Landscape of Breast Cancer and the Association with Socioeconomic Factors
Authors: Van Alsten Sarah C. , Love Michael I. , Calhoun Benjamin C. , Butler Eboneé N. , Perou Charles M. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cancer genomics consortia have identified somatic drivers of breast cancer subtypes. However, these studies have predominantly included older, non-Black women, and the related socioeconomic status (SES) data is limited. Increased representation and depth of social data are crucial for understanding how health inequity is intertwined with somatic landscapes. Here, we conducted targeted sequencing on primary tumors from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (N = 357; 52% Black, 47% &lt;50) and compared the results to The Cancer Genome Atlas (N = 948; 18% Black, 27% &lt;50). Race (Black vs. non-Black), age, and SES were evaluated in association with mutations, copy number alterations, and aneuploidy using generalized linear models. Pathway dysfunction was also assessed by aggregating mutation and copy number alterations. Adjusting for age, Black participants (N =350) were significantly more likely to have TP53 and FAT1 mutations and less likely to have PIK3CA, CDH1, DDR2, and GATA3 mutations than non-Black participants. Younger participants had more GATA3 alterations and fewer KMT2C, PTEN, MAP3K1 and CDH1 alterations. Black participants had significant enrichment for MYC (8q) and PIK3CA (3q26) amplifications and higher total aneuploidy, but age was not associated with copy number variation. SES was associated with different patterns of alteration in Black versus non-Black women. Overall, Black participants showed modest differences in TP53, PIK3CA, and other alterations that further varied by SES. Race is a social construct, and varying distributions of etiologic factors across social strata may predispose Black, young, and low SES women to cancer subtypes characterized by these alterations.
Breaking the Rhythm: Harnessing the Menstrual Cycle for Better Chemotherapy.
Authors: Dey Pranay , Brisken Cathrin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A recent publication by Bornes and colleagues explored the impact of the estrous cycle on mammary tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Using genetically engineered mouse models, Bornes and colleagues revealed that chemotherapy is less effective when initiated during the diestrus stage compared to during the estrus stage. A number of changes during diestrous were identified that may reduce chemosensitivity of mammary tumors: an increased mesenchymal state of breast cancer cells during diestrous, decreased blood vessel diameters, and higher numbers of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Macrophage depletion was sufficient to mitigate this resistance. To translate these findings to humans, retrospective analyses of premenopausal breast cancer patients were conducted. Serum progesterone levels served to determine the menstrual cycle phases, which revealed that treatment efficacy is reduced in women receiving NAC during the luteal (progesterone-high) phase compared to those treated during the follicular (progesterone-low) phase. The findings show that physiological hormone fluctuations may influence chemosensitivity through tumor cell-extrinsic mechanisms with the important implication that aligning treatment initiation with the menstrual cycle improves therapeutic outcomes and that consideration of systemic factors may improve therapy outcome.
CAR-T entering a new “phase”: Improving CAR-T function by harnessing phase separation
Authors: Su Xiaolei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Biomolecular condensation has emerged as a general principle in organizing biological processes, including immune response. Xu and colleagues recently reported that the cytoplasmic tail of the CD3ɛ subunit of TCR complex, when fused to CAR, can promote CAR condensation by liquid-liquid phase separation. Through sequence engineering, the authors identified modified CD3ɛ sequences that enhance the maturation of the immunological synapse and co-receptor signaling, leading to an improvement of cytotoxicity in vitro and anti-tumor effects in mouse xenograft models. These results demonstrated that biomolecular condensation could be exploited to improve the function of CAR-T cells, highlighting an exciting strategy for developing next-generation cell therapies.