bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Using Postoperative Histopathology During Routine Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Anibas Jakob J. , Spence Dominque B. , Reyes Michael , Skelly William , Cheppalli Naga Suresh 
Published: January 2024

Case:
We present a 63-year-old patient diagnosed with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) through histopathology of bone tissue after total knee arthroplasty for routine osteoarthritis. The patient, surgical team, and the pathologist were unaware of this diagnosis before the surgery.

Conclusion:
The cost-effectiveness of routine histopathologic examination of bone cuts and synovial samples after total joint arthroplasty continues to be a source of debate. Our case highlights an example of the utility of histopathology because it led to the early detection of WM, resulting in prompt treatment to improve quality of life.
Pediatric Orthopaedic Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Mulpuri Neha , Sanborn Ryan M. , Pradhan Pratik , Miller Patricia E. , Canizares Maria F. , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
There is growing evidence of increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence in children with trauma or infection. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of existing literature related to VTE in the pediatric orthopaedic population, to estimate the overall incidence of VTE and identify risk factors associated with this condition.

Methods:
A systematic review of the available literature was performed to identify articles that described VTE in pediatric orthopaedic surgery or admission. Literature queries were performed to identify articles published from 1980 to 2021 that included patients ≤21 years of age. A stepwise search strategy of 5 electronic databases yielded 1,426 articles, which were filtered by 2 reviewers to identify 30 articles for full-text review. The primary aim was to determine the rate of VTE, and the secondary aim was to identify risk factors for VTE. The pooled incidence of VTE was estimated and reported in cases per 10,000. Studies were stratified by study size, by trauma versus elective surgery, and by orthopaedic subspecialty.

Results:
The 30 articles reported 3,113 VTE events in 2,467,764 pediatric patients (including those with non-orthopaedic conditions), for a pooled VTE incidence of 20 events (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.8 to 37.2) per 10,000. Four of the studies were excluded for incomplete data or high heterogeneity. The remaining 26 studies had 850,268 orthopaedic patients with 1,108 cases of VTE, for a pooled VTE incidence of 16.6 events (95% CI = 9.1 to 30.5) per 10,000. Studies with <10,000 patients and those involving a diagnosis of trauma had the highest VTE incidence when stratification was performed. The most frequently analyzed risk factors in 15 available studies included age, sex, obesity/body mass index, type of surgery, and use of a central venous catheter.

Conclusions:
This systematic review indicated that the risk of VTE associated with pediatric orthopaedic surgery or admission remains low, at <17 events per 10,000 cases. However, orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the most common risk factors associated with pediatric orthopaedic VTE and should pay special attention to traumatic etiologies, as these yielded the highest incidence.

Levels of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Treatment Outcomes of Simple Elbow Dislocations
Authors: Pott Charlotte M.J.M. , de Klerk Huub H. , Priester-Vink Simone , Eygendaal Denise , van den Bekerom Michel P.J. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The treatment of simple elbow dislocations (SEDs) has become more functional last decade with a tendency to shorter immobilization of the elbow, whereas simultaneously, surgical stabilization has been promoted by some authors. The primary aim of this study was to systematically review the literature and analyze the outcomes and complications of different treatment options for acute and persistent SEDs, including operative and nonoperative treatments with varying immobilization periods.

Methods:
A literature search was performed based on the online medical databases MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane databases. Articles presenting patients with a SED were eligible for inclusion. When an SED persists for >3 weeks, it is categorized as persistent. Various outcome measures were assessed, including the range of motion (ROM), patient-reported outcome measures, and complication rates. To get insight into the severity of complications, all complications were categorized as minor or major. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies was used to assess the methodological quality of nonrandomized studies. The risk of bias in the randomized studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Results:
A total of 37 articles were included with 1,081 dislocated elbows (1,078 patients). A fair quality of evidence was seen for the nonrandomized studies and a low risk of bias for the randomized study. Nonoperative treatment was administered to 710 elbows, with 244 elbows treated with early mobilization, 239 with 1- to 3-week immobilization, and 163 with ≥3-week immobilization. These groups showed a ROM flexion-extension arc (ROM F/E) of 137, 129, and 131°, respectively. Surgical treatment as open reduction and ligament repair or reconstruction was performed in 228 elbows and showed a ROM F/E of 128°. All persistent SEDs were treated surgically and showed a ROM F/E of 90°.

Conclusion:
The early mobilization treatment showed the most consistent satisfactory outcomes in the literature compared with the other treatment options. Nevertheless, there remains ambiguity regarding which patients would benefit more from surgery than nonoperative treatment.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Rotator Cuff Tears to Shoulder Instability
Authors: Testa Edward J. , Katz Luca , Zhang Helen , Chang Kenny , Kutschke Michael J. , Dworkin Myles , Owens Brett D. 
Published: January 2024

» The acromion is a well-studied region of the scapula that has demonstrated substantial relationships to various shoulder pathologies.» Abnormal acromial morphology is associated with rotator cuff pathology, and our understanding of this risk factor inspired acromioplasty as an adjunctive treatment for rotator cuff tears.» The acromion is linked closely to shoulder kinematics and biomechanics, as it serves as the origin for the deltoid muscle.» In degenerative shoulder disease, eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis has been associated with a higher, flatter acromial roof.» Increasing literature is emerging connecting morphology of the acromion with shoulder instability.
The Impact of Autonomous Inflow Control Valve on Improved Oil Recovery in a Thin-Oil-Rim Reservoir
Authors: Taghavi Soheila , Aakre Haavard , Tahami Seyed Amin , Moldestad Britt M. E. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Oil production from thin-oil-rim fields can be challenging as such fields are prone to gas coning. Excessive gas production from these fields results in poor production and recovery. Hence, these resources require advanced recovery methods to improve the oil recovery. One of the recovery methods that is widely used today is advanced inflow control technology such as autonomous inflow control valve (AICV). AICV restricts the inflow of gas in the zones where breakthrough occurs and may consequently improve the recovery from thin-oil-rim fields. This paper presents a performance analysis of AICVs, passive inflow control devices (ICDs), and sand screens based on the results from experiments and simulations. Single- and multiphase-flow experiments are performed with light oil, gas, and water at typical Troll field reservoir conditions (RCs). The obtained data from the experiments are the differential pressure across the device vs. the volume flow rate for the different phases. The results from the experiments confirm the significantly better ability of the AICV to restrict the production of gas, especially at higher gas volume fractions (GVFs). Near-well oil production from a thin-oil-rim field considering sand screens, AICV, and ICD completion is modeled. In this study, the simulation model is developed using the CMG simulator/STARS module. Completion of the well with AICVs reduces the cumulative gas production by 22.5% and 26.7% compared with ICDs and sand screens, respectively. The results also show that AICVs increase the cumulative oil production by 48.7% compared with using ICDs and sand screens. The simulation results confirm that the well completed with AICVs produces at a beneficial gas/oil ratio (GOR) for a longer time compared with the cases with ICDs and sand screens. The novelty of this work is the multiphase experiments of a new AICV and the implementation of the data in the simulator. A workflow for the simulation of AICV/ICD is proposed. The simulated results, which are based on the proposed workflow, agree with the experimental AICV performance results. As it is demonstrated in this work, deploying AICV in the most challenging light oil reservoirs with high GOR can be beneficial with respect to increased production and recovery.
Phagocytosis of antigen-coated beads or malaria parasites using neutrophils
Authors: Feng Gaoqian , Beeson James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Antibodies can opsonise pathogens and promote opsonic phagocytosis by immune cells (e.g. neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages). High levels of antibodies capable of inducing opsonic phagocytosis have been associated with protective immunity in several diseases, including malaria. This protocol measures phagocytosis by neutrophils of either antibody-opsonised P. falciparum merozoites or antigen-coated beads. This approach is valuable to assess the role of antibodies in in immunity to malaria, either naturally acquired or vaccine-induced. Antigen-coated beads can be a useful alternative to using whole malaria parasites (or other organisms), and also have the advantage of enabling assays that quantify activity with specific antigenic targets. These assays can be used with a range of different malaria parasite stages including, merozoites, sporozoites, and infected erythrocytes. This protocol describes the use of neutrophils as the phagocyte, but can be adapted to use monocytes and macrophages, or phagocytic cell lines such as THP-1.
FAK loss reduces BRAFV600E-induced ERK phosphorylation to promote intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation
Authors: Gao Chenxi , Ge Huaibin , Kuan Shih-Fan , Cai Chunhui , Lu Xinghua , Esni Farzad , Schoen Robert , Wang Jing , Chu Edward , Hu Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
BRAF V600E mutation is a driver mutation in the serrated pathway to colorectal cancers. BRAFV600E drives tumorigenesis through constitutive downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, but high-intensity ERK activation can also trigger tumor suppression. Whether and how oncogenic ERK signaling can be intrinsically adjusted to a "just-right" level optimal for tumorigenesis remains undetermined. In this study, we found that FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) expression was reduced in BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas/polyps in mice and patients. In Vill-Cre;BRAFV600E/+;Fakfl/fl mice, Fak deletion maximized BRAFV600E's oncogenic activity and increased cecal tumor incidence to 100%. Mechanistically, our results showed that Fak loss, without jeopardizing BRAFV600E-induced ERK pathway transcriptional output, reduced EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent ERK phosphorylation. Reduction in ERK phosphorylation increased the level of Lgr4, promoting intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. Our findings show that a "just-right" ERK signaling optimal for BRAFV600E-induced cecal tumor formation can be achieved via Fak loss-mediated downregulation of ERK phosphorylation.
Humanization of the mouse telomerase gene reset telomeres to human length
Authors: Zhu Jiyue , Cheng De , Zhang Fan , Porter Kenneth , Wang Shuwen , Zhang Hui , Davis Christopher , Robertson Gavin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Telomeres undergo shortening with each cell division, serving as biomarkers of human aging, which is characterized by short telomeres and restricted telomerase expression in adult tissues. Contrarily, mice, featuring their longer telomeres and widespread telomerase activity, present limitations as models for understanding telomere-related human biology and diseases. To bridge this gap, we engineered a mouse strain with a humanized mTert gene, hmTert, wherein specific non-coding sequences were replaced with their human counterparts. The hmTert gene, encoding the wildtype mTert protein, was repressed in adult tissues beyond the gonads and thymus, closely resembling the regulatory pattern of the human TERT gene. Remarkably, the hmTert gene rescued telomere dysfunction in late generations of mTert-knockout mice. Through successive intercrosses of Terth/- mice, telomere length progressively declined, stabilizing below 10-kb. Terth/h mice achieved a human-like average telomere length of 10-12 kb, contrasting with the 50-kb length in wildtype C57BL/6J mice. Despite shortened telomeres, Terth/h mice maintained normal body weight and cell homeostasis in highly proliferative tissues. Notably, colonocyte proliferation decreased significantly in Terth/h mice during dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis-like pathology, suggesting limitations on cellular renewal due to short telomeres. Our findings underscore the genetic determination of telomere homeostasis in mice by the Tert gene. These mice, exhibiting humanized telomere homeostasis, serve as a valuable model for exploring fundamental questions related to human aging and cancer.
Rules of River Avulsion Change Downstream
Authors: Gearon James , Martin Harrison , DeLisle Clarke , Barefoot Eric , Mohrig David , Paola Chris , Edmonds Douglas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Avulsing rivers carve new pathways on the floodplain, and the associated flooding can profoundly impact society 1-4. River avulsions are thought to occur when the water column becomes perched above the floodplain5, or when the slope down the channel's flanks provides a steeper descent than the current path 6,7. However, neither idea has been suitably field-tested. Here we quantify the topography around avulsing rivers and reveal that these mechanisms work together. Near coasts, rivers avulse when the slope away from the channel is steeper, not because they are perched. The opposite is true near mountain fronts; on alluvial fans, alternative paths are all similarly steep, so rivers avulse when they are perched over the surrounding landscape. We reconcile these findings and present a novel theoretical framework that can predict which rivers are vulnerable to avulsion, and where avulsing rivers will go after they start. By clarifying the rules of river avulsion, it is evident that avulsion risks are underestimated in many coastal environments8 and that probabilistic predictions of avulsion pathfinding can efficiently project hazard with minimal information. Applying these principles for risk assessment may have outsized benefit in the world’s poorest nations, which we find are disproportionately impacted by avulsions.
A solar cycle clock for extreme space weather
Authors: Chapman Sandra , de Wit Thierry Dudok 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The variable solar cycle of activity is a long-standing problem in physics. It modulates the overall level of space weather activity at earth, which in turn can have significant societal impact. The Hilbert transform of the sunspot number is used to map the variable length, approximately 11 year Schwabe cycle onto a uniform clock. The clock is used to correlate extreme space weather seen in the aa index, the longest continuous geomagnetic record at earth, with the record of solar active region areas and latitudes since 1874. This shows that a clear switch-off of the mostextreme space weather events occurs when the solar active regions move to within 15 degrees of the solar equator, from regions of high gradient in solar differential rotation which can power coronal mass ejections, to a region where solar differential rotation is almost constant with latitude. This overlaps with the onset of more moderate space weather events which coincide with 27 day solar rotation recurrences in the aa index, consistent with stable, persistent source regions.This offers a physical explanation for the longstanding identification of a two component cycle of activity in the aa index.
Antimicrobial efficacy of direct air gas soft jet plasma for oral bacterial biofilm eradication and treatment
Authors: Puca Valentina , Marinacci Beatrice , Pinti Morena , Cintio Federica Di , Sinjari Bruna , Marcantonio Maria Carmela Di , Mincione Gabriella , Acharya Tirtha Raj , Kaushik Nagendra Kumar , Choi Eun Ha , Sallese Michele , Guarnieri Simone , Grande Rossella , Perrotti Vittoria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of an air gas soft jet CAP for its potential use in removing oral biofilms, given that plasma-based technologies have emerged as promising methods in periodontology. Two types of biofilms were developed, one byStreptococcus mutansUA 159 bacterial strain and the other by a complex mixture of saliva microorganisms isolated from a patient with periodontitis. This latter biofilm was characterized via Next Generation Sequencing to determine the main bacterial phyla. The CAP source was applied at a distance of 6mm for different time points. A statistically significant reduction of both CFU count and XTT was detected after 60s of CAP treatment, while the treatment for 120s resulted in both biofilms eradication. CLSM analysis supported CAP effectiveness in killing the microorganisms inside the biofilm and in reducing the thickness of the biofilm matrix. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated the possible use of CAP without important side effects towards human gingival fibroblasts cell line. The current study showed that CAP treatment was able to eradicate preformed biofilms developed by bothS. mutansand the complex mixture of saliva microorganisms, representing a potential innovative strategy to counteract oral pathogens responsible for periodontal diseases.
Specific isoforms of the ubiquitin ligase gene WWP2 are targets of osteoarthritis genetic risk via a differentially methylated DNA sequence
Authors: Roberts Jack Brian , Boldvig Olivia Lucy Georgina , Aubourg Guillaume , Kanchenapally Sai Tanishq , Deehan David John , Rice Sarah Jayne , Loughlin John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Transitioning from a genetic association signal to an effector gene and a targetable molecular mechanism requires the application of functional fine-mapping tools such as reporter assays and genome editing. In this report, we undertook such studies on the osteoarthritis (OA) risk that is marked by single nucleotide polymorphism rs34195470 and which maps to functional candidates WWP2 and microRNA-140 (miR-140).
Methods
Nucleic acids were extracted from adult OA (arthroplasty) and foetal cartilage. Samples were genotyped and DNA methylation (DNAm) quantified by pyrosequencing at 16 CpG dinucleotides located within a putative enhancer. CpGs were tested for transcriptional regulatory effects using a chondrocyte cell line and reporter gene assay. DNAm was altered using epigenetic editing, with the impact on gene expression determined using RT-qPCR. In silico analysis complemented laboratory experiments.
Results
rs34195470 genotype associates with differential methylation of the CpGs, forming a methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL). The mQTL is more pronounced in adult versus foetal cartilage. The differential methylation acts as a transcriptional regulatory intermediate between risk allele and level of WWP2 expression by targeting the full-length and N-terminal transcript isoforms of the gene.
Conclusions
As far as we are aware, this is the first experimental demonstration of an OA association signal targeting specific transcript isoforms of a gene. WWP2 encodes a ubiquitin ligase, with its isoforms encoding proteins with varying substrate specificities, including for components of the TGFb signaling pathway. Future analysis should focus on the substrates regulated by the WWP2 isoforms that are the targets of the genetic risk.
The impact of Bevacizumab on mucosal healing after dental extraction in patients undergoing cancer treatment in the central region of Algeria
Authors: BOUDJELAL Hanane AMMAR , MELZI Mohamed Aimene , BOUAMRA Abderezak , BACHIR Yacine NAIT , MEDDAH Souad , BOUNEDJAR Adda , LATTAFI Rachid 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives: Bevacizumab currently stands as the most prescribed anti-VEGF medication in oncology. It functions as an angiogenesis inhibitor, thereby slowing down tumor progression. However, this drug is associated with side effects both in general health and in the oral cavity. To assess the impact of Bevacizumab on mucosal healing after dental extraction in patients undergoing cancer treatment in the central region of Algeria.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cohort study that was comparative, prospective, and multicentric, carried out from June 2018 to September 2021. The sample was divided into two groups: the "With Bevacizumab" group consisted of patients on Bevacizumab with or without chemotherapy, and the second group "Without Bevacizumab" consisted of patients exclusively under conventional chemotherapy. These patients underwent dental extractions without interrupting their antineoplastic treatment. Additionally, the dental extraction protocol adhered to certain conditions, including antibiotic prophylaxis, vasoconstrictor-free anesthetic, and tight sutures. Mucosal healing was evaluated and monitored at 7, 15, and 30 days. Data analysis was performed using Python v. 3.8.16 software.
Results: In total, 1250 cancer-treated patients were examined. Among them, 120 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 52.08 ± 10.31 years, and they received an average dose of 547.9 ± 239.32 mg of Bevacizumab per cycle over an average duration of 40.08 ± 31.66 weeks. The mean total duration of treatment-free interval with Bevacizumab was estimated at 23.13 ± 7.03 days, with 12.85 ± 5.58 days before and 10.28 ± 4.68 days after dental extraction. Mucosal healing delay was only observed in the "With Bevacizumab" group (15.3% vs. 0.0%, p=0.040).
Conclusions: Dental extraction is feasible during Bevacizumab treatment considering the disadvantages associated with interrupting anti-angiogenic treatment, despite the observed delay in epithelialization in our study.
Clinical Relevance: Our results were able to demonstrate delayed mucosal healing (lack of epithelialization) beyond one month after tooth extraction.