bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ag Nanoparticle‐Induced Surface Chloride Immobilization Strategy Enables Stable Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Wang Zhongfeng , Liu Pingying , Tang Xuan , Zhang Sixie , Chen Haocheng , Yang Qihao , Chen Xu , Tian Ziqi , Dai Sheng , Chen Liang , Lu Zhiyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough hydrogen gas (H2) storage might enable offshore renewable energy to be stored at scale, the commercialization of technology for H2 generation by seawater electrolysis depends upon the development of methods that avoid the severe corrosion of anodes by chloride (Cl−) ions. Here, it is revealed that the stability of an anode used for seawater splitting can be increased by more than an order of magnitude by loading Ag nanoparticles on the catalyst surface. In experiments, an optimized NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (LDH)@Ag electrode displays stable operation at 400 mA cm−2 in alkaline saline electrolyte and seawater for over 5000 and 2500 h, respectively. The impressive long‐term durability is more than 20 times that of an unmodified NiFe‐LDH anode. Meticulous characterization and simulation reveals that in the presence of an applied electric field, free Cl− ions react with oxidized Ag nanoparticles to form stable AgCl species, giving rise to the formation of a Cl−‐free layer near the anode surface. Because of its simplicity and effectiveness, it is anticipated that the proposed strategy to immobilize chloride ions on the surface of an anode has the potential to become a crucial technology to control corrosion during large‐scale electrolysis of seawater to produce hydrogen.
An Ultrahigh Modulus Gel Electrolytes Reforming the Growing Pattern of Li Dendrites for Interfacially Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Gou Jingren , Zhang Zheng , Wang Suqing , Huang Jiale , Cui Kaixuan , Wang Haihui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have aroused intensive attention for their moderate comprehensive performances in lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). However, GPEs with low elastic moduli of MPa magnitude cannot mechanically regulate the Li deposition, leading to recalcitrant lithium dendrites. Herein, a porous Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) framework (PLF) is employed as an integrated solid filler to address the intrinsic drawback of GPEs. With the incorporation of PLF, the composite GPE exhibits an ultrahigh elastic modulus of GPa magnitude, confronting Li dendrites at a mechanical level and realizing steady polarization at high current densities in Li||Li cells. Benefiting from the compatible interface with anodes, the LFP|PLF@GPE|Li cells deliver excellent rate capability and cycling performance at room temperature. Theoretical models extracted from the topology of solid fillers reveal that the PLF with unique 3D structures can effectively reinforce the gel phase of GPEs at the nanoscale via providing sufficient mechanical support from the load‐sensitive direction. Numerical models are further developed to reproduce the multiphysical procedure of dendrite propagation and give insights into predicting the failure modes of LMBs. This work quantitatively clarifies the relationship between the topology of solid fillers and the interface stability of GPEs, providing guidelines for designing mechanically reliable GPEs for LMBs.
Stretchable Thermoelectric Generators Based on Bulk Bi2Te3and Liquid Metals
Authors: Wang Renheng , Wu Mingli , Jiang Dongting , Liang Hao , He Wei , Sun Yiling , Qian Zhengfang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlexible energy‐generating electronics have attracted great interest. Generally, such devices can be classified into three categories: energy storage, energy harvesting, and wireless charging. In this work, a flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) for energy harvesting is fabricated. Bi2Te3ingots are used as thermoelectric legs. To introduce flexibility, liquid metals and elastomers are utilized as the interconnects and encapsulation, respectively. The as‐fabricated device exhibits an output density of 34.5 µW cm−2over a temperature difference of 25 °C. The device exhibits promising robustness under mechanical stretching, as the fracture limits reach 100%. The device is tested on the human body, and it delivers an instantaneous output of 75.2 mV. Therefore, the as‐fabricated TEG is suitable for human wearable electronic applications.
NiCo‐glycolate‐derived porous spherical NiCo2S4 for high‐performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Maiyong , Lu Congcong , Ma Yunping , Yang Yu 
Published: November 2023

The construction of electrode materials with high rate and excellent cycling stability is the key to supercapacitors. Due to their remarkable high conductivity and great electrochemical activity, transition bimetallic sulfides are extremely appealing electrode materials for supercapacitors, but their synthesis is still challenging. In this study, a NiCo bimetallic sulfide (NiCo2S4) microspheres with porous structure were prepared via direct vulcanization of NiCo‐EG complexes followed by a thermal treatment, which were pre‐synthesized via coordination of ethylene glycol (EG) with transition metal ions (Ni2+, Co2+) under hydrothermal condition. Some experimental parameters were investigated, including the control of NiCo2S4 microspheres produced by the ratio of precursor NiCo‐EG to different masses of sulfur sources, which in turn affects the electrochemical properties. When applied as electrode for supercapacitor, the NiCo2S4 microspheres obtained under optimal condition delivered a high capacitance (1386 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (845 F g−1 at 10 A g−1) and stable cycling performance (80.05% after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g). Furthermore, for checking the practicality of the produced NiCo2S4 microspheres, an asymmetric supercapacitor device was built using activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode and NiCo2S4 microspheres as the positive electrode. The assembled NiCo2S4//AC cell had a power density of 799.9 W kg−1 and an energy density of 30.5 Wh kg−1, confirming that the structurally optimized NiCo2S4 porous nanomicrospheres have excellent electrochemical properties and have a wide range of application prospects.
Fusion of the occipitomastoidal synchondrosis as a developmental marker in the Sima de los Huesos Crania (Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Martínez Ignacio , Conde‐Valverde Mercedes , Quam Rolf , Arsuaga Juan Luis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe basicranium contains multiple synchondroses potentially informative for estimating the developmental stage of individuals. The basilar synchondrosis has been routinely used for this purpose in bioarchaeological, forensic and paleoanthropological research, and studies carried out in modern human populations have shown a close relationship between the fusion of the occipitomastoidal synchondrosis and developmental processes. This synchondrosis articulates the jugular process of the occipital bone with the jugular surface of the temporal bone. As the process of fusion of the synchondrosis progresses, the jugular surface undergoes a series of alterations whose study allows to establish the state of fusion of the synchondrosis when the individual died. The extraordinary preservation of the jugular surface in a large number of individuals represented in the fossil hominin sample from the middle Pleistocene site of the Sima de los Huesos (SH) has made it possible to carry out the first systematic study to assess the usefulness of occipitomastoidal synchondrosis in the establishment of the state of development in fossil hominins. Our results show that the complete closure of the occipitomastoidal synchondrosis occurred toward the end of the growth period in the SH fossils. This result opens up the possibility of using it to determine the developmental stage of fossil hominins for which no other information is available, such as the state of the dentition or the degree of closure of the basilar synchondrosis. This has allowed us to infer a state of development for three SH crania where it could not previously be established with certainty.
A network coupling approach to detecting hierarchical linkages between science and technology
Authors: Meng Kai , Ba Zhichao , Ma Yaxue , Li Gang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDetecting science–technology hierarchical linkages is beneficial for understanding deep interactions between science and technology (S&T). Previous studies have mainly focused on linear linkages between S&T but ignored their structural linkages. In this paper, we propose a network coupling approach to inspect hierarchical interactions of S&T by integrating their knowledge linkages and structural linkages. S&T knowledge networks are first enhanced with bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) knowledge alignment, and then their hierarchical structures are identified based on K‐core decomposition. Hierarchical coupling preferences and strengths of the S&T networks over time are further calculated based on similarities of coupling nodes' degree distribution and similarities of coupling edges' weight distribution. Extensive experimental results indicate that our approach is feasible and robust in identifying the coupling hierarchy with superior performance compared to other isomorphism and dissimilarity algorithms. Our research extends the mindset of S&T linkage measurement by identifying patterns and paths of the interaction of S&T hierarchical knowledge.
The effect of cutting interest rates on corporate investments: A real options model
Authors: Han Nan‐Wei , Hung Mao‐Wei , Wu I‐Shin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe propose a real options model with regime shifts to investigate the effect of cutting interest rates on corporate investments when a financial crisis occurs. Cutting interest rates would lower the investment project's hurdle rate. The reduction in hurdle rate is positively related to the magnitude of interest rate cuts and the persistence of the financial crisis. The hurdle rate becomes lower in the financial crisis state because the reduction in interest rate would lower the cost of capital and the opportunity cost of immediate investment. In the numerical analysis of this study, we show that the change in the opportunity cost accounts for most of the change in the hurdle rate. Upon taking into consideration the firm's financing constraints, we find that cutting interest rates accelerates investments for firms with high liquidity. However, for firms with low liquidity, the optimal investment threshold is not affected by the variation in interest rates. Instead, the investments of low‐liquidity firms are affected by the change in the friction of credit supply.
Effect of solid‐state fermentation on the protein quality and volatile profile of pea and navy bean protein isolates
Authors: Khorsandi Azita , Shi Dai , Stone Andrea K. , Bhagwat Aarti , Lu Yuping , Xu Caishuang , Das Prem Prakash , Polley Brittany , Akhov Leonid , Gerein Jessica , Han Xiumei , Bhowmik Pankaj , Zaharia L. Irina , House James D. , Rajagopalan Nandhakishore , Tanaka Takuji , Korber Darren R. , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFermentation has been increasingly used as a “clean” processing technique to modify proteins. The goal of this research was to assess the use of solid‐state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus oryzae on pea (pea protein isolate [PPI]) and navy bean protein isolates (NBPI) for different time periods (0–48 or 0−72 h, respectively) and its impact on their nutrition and volatile profile.FindingsThe SSF process resulted in higher total phenolic content and lower protein digestibility, and consequently, the protein quality was reduced for both pulses. The quantity of the volatile compounds initially present in the samples did not change substantially after SSF; however, many new compounds were identified in fermented PPI, which have been reported to have pleasant sensory properties.ConclusionsThe protein quality of PPI or NBPI was not improved by A. oryzae SSF; however, the results suggest the potential for using SSF to positively modify the volatile profile of PPI.Significance and NoveltyThe findings of this research strengthened our knowledge base of fermented pulse ingredients with the use of protein isolates and navy beans, narrowing the somewhat limited gap for fermentation application to high protein substrates.
An unusual case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with unilateral parotid gland enlargement
Authors: Giv Toktam Safari , Mardani Ghazal , Rakhshan Azadeh , Kouhestany Mohammad , Moravvej Hamideh 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageHere, we report a case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting with unilateral parotid gland enlargement and later developed skin lesions on the lower extremities and abdomen. Although rare, salivary gland enlargement may be the presenting sign of Wegener's granulomatosis or other ANCA associated vasculitides.
Cage Match: Comparing the Anion Binding Ability of Isostructural Versus Isofunctional Pairs of Metal‐Organic Nanocages
Authors: Dutton Kaitlyn G. , Jones Taro J. , Emge Thomas J. , Lipke Mark C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAffinities of six anions (mesylate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, p‐toluenecarboxylate, p‐toluenesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate) for three related Pt2+‐linked porphyrin nanocages were measured to probe the influence of different noncovalent recognition motifs (e. g., hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, π bonding) on anion binding. Two new hosts of M6L312+ (1b) and M4L28+ (2) composition (M=(en)Pt2+, L=(3‐py)4porphyrin) were prepared in a one‐pot synthesis and allowed comparison of hosts that differ in structure while maintaining similar N−H hydrogen‐bond donor ability. Comparisons of isostructural hosts that differ in hydrogen‐bonding ability were made between 1b and a related M6L312+ nanoprism (1a, M=(tmeda)Pt2+) that lacks N−H groups. Considerable variation in association constants (K1=1.6×103 M−1 to 1.3×108 M−1) and binding mode (exo vs. endo) were found for different host–guest combinations. Strongest binding was seen between p‐toluenecarboxylate and 1b, but surprisingly, association of this guest with 1a was only slightly weaker despite the absence of NH⋅⋅⋅O interactions. The high affinity between p‐toluenecarboxylate and 1a could be turned off by protonation, and this behavior was used to toggle between the binding of this guest and the environmental pollutant perfluorooctanoate, which otherwise has a lower affinity for the host.
Regulating the Interfacial Charge Density by Constructing a Novel Zn Anode‐Electrolyte Interface for Highly Reversible Zn Anode
Authors: Zhan Shengkang , Guo Yiming , Wu Kai , Ning Fanghua , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Yuyu , Li Qian , Zhang Jiujun , Lu Shigang , Yi Jin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted considerable attention. However, due to the uneven distribution of charge density at Zn anode‐electrolyte interface, severe dendrites and corrosion are generated during cycling. In this work, a facile and scalable strategy to address the above‐mentioned issues has been proposed through regulating the charge density at Zn anode‐electrolyte interface. As a proof of concept, amidinothiourea (ATU) with abundant lone‐pair electrons is employed as an interfacial charge modifier for Zn anode‐electrolyte interface. The uniform and increased interfacial charge distribution on Zn anode‐electrolyte interface has been obtained. Moreover, the unique Zn‐bond constructed between N atoms and Zn2+ as well as the hydrogen bonds are formed among ATU and Ac− anion/active H2O, which promote the migration and desolvation behavior of Zn2+ at anode‐electrolyte interface. Accordingly, at a trace concentration of 0.01 mg mL−1 ATU, these features endow Zn anode with a long cycling life (more than 800 h), and a high average Columbic efficiency (99.52 %) for Zn||Cu batteries. When pairing with I2 cathode, the improved cycling ability (5000 cycles) with capacity retention of 77.9 % is achieved. The fundamental understanding on the regulation of charge density at anode‐electrolyte interface can facilitate the development of AZIBs.
Fachkräfte für die Chemieindustrie
Authors: Gandert Etwina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDer demografische Wandel verändert auch die Altersstruktur in Unternehmen der Chemieindustrie. Es gilt, nicht nur junge Fachkräfte zu gewinnen, sondern auch Wissen und Erfahrung auf die nachfolgende Generation zu transferieren. CITplus fragt bei mittelständischen Chemieunternehmen nach, wie sie diesen Herausforderungen begegnen und welche Lösungen sie zum Wissensmanagement gefunden haben.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Philippine native pigs highlight five priority populations for conservation
Authors: Banayo Joy B. , Manese Kathlyn Louise V. , Furusho Kaito O. , Salces Agapita J. , Yamagata Takahiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Philippine native pig (PhNP) is a unique genetic resource composed of multiple domesticated Sus scrofa lineages and interspecific hybrids. No prior study has determined the population structure and genetic diversity of PhNPs on multiple islands and provinces, which is essential for establishing conservation priorities. In this study, we explore the population structure and genetic diversity of various PhNP populations in Luzon and the Visayas, Philippines, to identify conservation priorities. We analyzed seven PhNP populations (n = 20–27 samples each; Benguet [B], Kalinga [K], Nueva Vizcaya [N], Isabela [I], Quezon [Q], Marinduque [M], and Samar [S]) and four transboundary breeds present in the Philippines (n = 9–11 samples each; Duroc, Large White, Landrace, and Berkshire). The pigs were compared against a panel of 20 microsatellite markers recommended by the ISAG–FAO. We tested for population structure at the island, region, and province levels. Strong genetic differentiation between native and transboundary breeds was confirmed by Bayesian clustering (k = 2) and Nei's DA genetic distance (100% bootstrap support for the PhNP cluster). PhNP exhibited high heterozygosity (Ho: 0.737), a high allele count (Na: 7.771), and a low inbreeding coefficient (Fis: −0.040–0.125). Bayesian clustering supported genetic differentiation at the island (k = 2; North Luzon and South Luzon‐Visayas cluster), region (k = 3), and population (k = 8) levels. The pairwise F'st between PhNP populations ranged from 0.084 (N and I) to 0.397 (Q and K), confirming that some PhNP populations exhibited sufficient genetic distance to be considered separate populations. This study shows that native pigs from B, K, I, Q, M, and S are unique genetic units for conservation. Furthermore, the small effective population sizes of B, I, Q, M, and S (Ne: 3.9, 19.1, 14.2, 44.7, and 22.5, respectively) necessitate immediate conservation actions, such as incentivizing PhNP farming.
Theorising the climate change accountability of Persian Gulf petrostates
Authors: Mason Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor states with political economies largely dependent on oil and natural gas rents, there seems to be little scope for accountability practices that answer for, and curb, fossil fuel production contributing to anthropogenic climate change. Critically engaging with rentier state theory, I examine the climate change accountability of Persian Gulf petrostates according to state responsibility norms under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). For both domestic and international actions undertaken by these countries, there is no meaningful climate answerability for responsible actions—that they recognise and/or commit to the phasing down of their oil and natural gas production. There are differences in their emission reduction goals, under the Paris Agreement, that map onto variations in the stability and structure of their political economies, notably between the ‘super‐rentier’ states (UAE, Kuwait and Qatar) and their rentier neighbours (Saudi Arabia and Oman). However, all make ritualistic, long‐term commitments to ‘clean‐carbon’ (net zero‐emission) futures with no plans to reduce hydrocarbon exports. I argue that international climate change obligations should include a responsibility on states to reduce GHG emissions (at source) arising from their domestic‐ and foreign ownership of operational oil and gas fields. State energy companies in the Persian Gulf and elsewhere are key actors in fossil fuel extraction, yet remain insulated, through their corporate identities, from state responsibility norms. Treating state ownership of fossil fuels as a legitimate target of international climate regulation would broaden state accountability for climate change harm.
Access to Mono‐, Di‐ and Tri‐(Het)Arylated Pyrazolo[5,1‐b]oxazoles Using Cyclization, C−H Activation and Suzuki–Miyaura Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Michel Marion , Caré Flore , Bourg Stéphane , Bostyn Stéphane , Lafite Pierre , Routier Sylvain , Buron Frédéric 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA first access to mono‐, di‐ and tri‐(Het)arylated pyrazolo[5,1‐b]oxazoles is reported. The series were generated from a library of 3‐(Het)arylpyrazolo[5,1‐b]oxazole platforms selectively functionalized through regioselective arylation procedures. The regioselective functionalization in C‐2 and C‐7 positions was investigated. Each Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling condition was optimized and a representative library of the scope and limitations of the reactions was studied.
Global mapping of river sediment bars
Authors: Carbonneau Patrice E. , Bizzi Simone 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecently, deep learning has been increasingly applied to global mapping of land‐use and land‐cover classes. However, very few studies have addressed the problem of separating lakes from rivers, and to our knowledge, none have addressed the issue of mapping fluvial sediment bars. We present the first global scale inventory of fluvial gravel bars. Our workflow is based on a state‐of‐the‐art fully convolutional neural network which is applied to Sentinel‐2 imagery at a resolution of 10 m. We use Google Earth Engine to access these data for a study site that covers 89% of the Earth's surface. We count 8.9 million gravel bars with an estimated area of 41 000 km2. Crucially, the workflow we present can be executed within a month of highly automated processing and thus allows for global scale, monthly, monitoring of gravel bars and associated rivers.