bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social self‐esteem and self‐reported bullying behaviour among adult prisoners
Authors: Ireland Jane L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper addresses how social self‐esteem relates to self‐reported bullying behaviour among adult prisoners. It explores both level of self‐esteem and participants’ certainty of their self‐esteem. A total of 502 adult prisoners (285 men and 217 women) completed a self‐report behavioural checklist (Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist) [Ireland JL. 1999. Aggres Behav 25:162–178] that addressed the level of bullying behaviour at their present institution. Prisoners also completed a questionnaire that measured social self‐esteem (Texas Social Behaviour Inventory) [Helmreich R, Stapp J. 1974. Bull Psychonomic Soc 4:473–475]. Four categories of prisoners were compared: bullies, victims, those who reported both bullying others and being victimised themselves (bully/victims), and those who were not involved in bullying behaviour. There were no significant differences among bully categories in total self‐esteem scores. Men reported significantly higher levels of self‐esteem than did women. There were no significant sex or bully category differences in certainty of self‐esteem. Self‐esteem was found to include a number of individual components that differed between the sexes. The findings are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested. Aggr. Behav. 28:184–197, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐line robust parameter identification for parabolic systems
Authors: Demetriou M. A. , Rosen I. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper a robust scheme for the adaptive parameter identification of parabolic distributed parameter systems is developed. Results from the finite‐dimensional treatment of the parameter projection method and σ (sigma) modifications to the standard adaptation rules are extended to infinite‐dimensional systems. For the class of systems under study, modifications to these standard parameter adaptation rules were deemed necessary in order to account for the additional mathematical subtleties that arise when dealing with infinite‐dimensional systems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free radical copolymerization of styrene with vinyl acetate using p‐acetylbenzylidene triphenylarsonium ylide as an initiator
Authors: Daniel Neeta , Srivastava A. K. 
Published: August 2002

Abstractp‐Acetylbenzylidene triphenylarsonium ylide (p‐ABTAY) initiated free radical copolymerization of styrene (Sty) with vinyl acetate (VA) in dioxane, at 65 ± 0.1°C, under the inert atmosphere of nitrogen has been studied. The system follows ideal radical kinetics and the kinetic equation for the system is Rp ∝ [p‐ABTAY]0.5[Sty][VA]. The rate of copolymerization (Rp) is proportional to the square root of [p‐ABTAY] indicating biomolecular termination. The values of kp2/kt and energy of activation have been computed as 5.0 × 10−3 mol l−1 s−1 and 34.0 kJ mol−1 respectively. The reactivity ratios calculated by using Kelen–Tudos method are r1(Sty) = 42.8, r2(VA) = 1.0. SEM analysis shows that arsenic is not incorporated in the polymer and the copolymerization reaction is initiated by phenyl free radicals. The formation of phenyl radicals may be attributed to the pπ–dπ overlap between the hybridized sp2 orbital and more diffused 4d orbital of arsenic. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 108–115, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.2000
The consolidation wave in U.S. food retailing: A European perspective
Authors: Wrigley Neil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article assesses, from the perspective of a European academic, the intense wave of acquisition and merger driven consolidation that swept through the U.S. food retail industry during the late 1990s. It reviews the characteristics and causes of that consolidation wave, placing emphasis on the regulatory history of the industry, the consequences of its financial reengineering during the 1980s, and the link between Wal‐Mart's entry into the industry and the consolidation wave. The article then assesses the extent to which a shift in regulatory policy and practice by the Federal Trade Commission at the very end of the decade may have altered the pattern and scale of consolidation in the industry. Finally, it considers the future landscape of U.S. food retail consolidation, debating the consequences for the consolidation process of the period of FTC regulatory tightening during 1999/2000 and the likely implications of a Bush administration appointee heading the FTC [EconLit Classifications: L810, L190, G340, L400]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluating class I differentials in the new federal milk marketing order system
Authors: Kawaguchi Tsunemasa , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Kaiser Harry M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article, a spatial equilibrium model that allows for the inclusion of any degree of market structure from perfect competition to monopoly is developed and applied to the U.S. dairy industry. This model is used to simulate possible Class I premiums, which could be negotiated by U.S. dairy cooperatives in the absence of FMMOs, under alternative assumed market structures. These premiums are then compared with the newly adopted Class I differentials to determine what degree of market competitiveness is equivalent to the new Class I differential structure. The results suggest the new FMMO Class I differentials are equivalent to a small degree of imperfect competition. In addition, because Class I differentials virtually disappear in the perfect competition case, our findings indicate it is difficult to justify the existence of Class I differentials solely on the basis of transportation costs from surplus to deficit areas [EconLit citations: Q11, Q13, Q18]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Economics of the use of imported U.S. high oil corn in swine and poultry rations in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Tun‐Hsiang , Baumel C. Phillip , McVey Marty J. , Sell Jerry L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh oil corn (HOC) is a genetically enhanced variety of corn that is gaining popularity as a commercial feed ingredient. HOC has an enlarged germ and contains higher levels of crude oil, protein, and amino acids than conventional corn. To capture the increased feed benefits of HOC, it must remain identity preserved. In addition to identity preservation costs, HOC typically has lower yields and higher seed costs. The purpose of this study is to examine the added value of two types of HOC in commercial poultry and swine rations in Taiwan. A linear programming model is used to estimate the value of the two HOC in least cost feed rations. Additional handling, transport, yield drag, and seed costs are subtracted from the estimated added values of HOC in the rations to estimate the profitability of importing HOC corn into Taiwan. The results suggest some alternatives for increasing U.S. exports of HOC. [Econ‐Lit citations: Q17]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Markov chain analysis of the size of hog production firms in the United States
Authors: Gillespie Jeffrey M. , Fulton Joan R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe U.S. hog industry expanded rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s. Along with this expansion, hog farms have become larger, partly due to economies of size and new business arrangements. Using markov chain analysis, this study analyzes the movement of hog farms among three different size categories. Results indicate that the hog–corn price ratio has continued to affect the entry and exit of small hog farms, and has influenced the movement of hog farms among size categories. Interest rates, processing capacity, and agglomeration economies have impacted new entry of hog farms in the Unites States [L110, L230]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Origin of Fueguian‐Patagonians: An approach to population history and structure using R matrix and matrix permutation methods
Authors: José Rolando González , García‐Moro Clara , Dahinten Silvia , Hernández Miquel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA complicated history of isolation between Fueguian and Patagonian groups (originated by the appearance of the Straits of Magellan) as much as differences in population structure and life strategies constitute important factors in the clustering pattern of those groups. The aim of this work was to test several hypotheses about population structure and history of Fueguian‐Patagonians to propose a model that incorporates predictions for future studies. R matrix methods and matrix permutation analyses were performed upon a data matrix of craniofacial measurements of 441 skulls divided into nine samples pertaining to six Patagonian and three Fueguian populations. Association of biological distances with three matrices representing several settlement patterns was tested using matrix permutation tests. Results of R matrix study show that the minimum genetic distance obtained confirms separation between Fueguians and Patagonians. Moreover, an analysis of residual variances from the expected regression line confirms admixture between Andean and Pampean populations and Araucanian groups, consistent with ethnohistorical observations. A model representing a long history of isolation between Fueguian and Patagonians, rather than a model emphasizing differences in life‐strategies, presented the best correlation with the biological distance matrix. Because similar results were already obtained in archaeological, molecular, and morphological studies, a model for the settlement of Tierra del Fuego is proposed. It is summarized by four main hypotheses that can be tested independently by different disciplines in the future. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:308–320, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient hand paresthesias in Champagne vineyard workers
Authors: Roquelaure Yves , Gabignon Y. , Gillant J.C. , Delalieux P. , Ferrari C. , Méa M. , Fanello S. , Penneau‐Fontbonne D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hand paresthesias (HP) and their relationship with pruning activities.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 537 workers pruning grapevines in the region of Champagne. All workers completed a questionnaire about nocturnal HP and musculoskeletal pain during the preceding 12‐month period.ResultsThe 12‐month prevalence of nocturnal HP and hand‐wrist pain were 37 and 12%, respectively. HP, predominantly affecting the dominant hand, only began during the pruning period and ended after the pruning season in 90% of cases. HP were transient in most cases, with a mean duration of symptoms of 3.3 ± 3.2 months. Risk factors associated with HP were: female gender (OR = 2.3 [1.3–3.0]), being overweight (OR = 1.6 [1.1–2.5]), payment on a piecework basis (OR = 2.0 [1.2–2.3]) and traditional blade sharpening method (OR = 1.7 [1.1–2.7]). HP were less frequent in employees who used electric pruning shears (OR = 0.5 [0.2‐1.6], P = 0.09).ConclusionsThe development of HP, which affected a third of employees, was different from HP observed in industrial workers since most vineyard workers recovered without medical treatment after the pruning season. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:639–645, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Re: Benzene and lymphohematopoietic malignancies in humans. Hayes et al. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:117–126, 2001
Authors: Robbins Anthony 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe excellent review of exposure to benzene and resulting leukemia and other hematopoietic disorders by Hayes et al. [2001] enhances our knowledge about one of the most widely used carcinogenic chemicals. The review reinforces the observation that benzene causes hematopoietic malignancies at lower levels than earlier described. It confirms for us that the biological mechanism or mechanisms by which benzene causes these malignant transformations are not fully understood. It places the recent results of a US National Cancer Institute/Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine Research Project in the context of older studies about benzene.For all the merit of this research review, it prompts me to raise several critical questions for all researchers dedicated to protecting workers. I arrive at these questions not solely from our experience studying benzene, but from the broad and encouraging history of occupational health research, as well as our rather discouraging record for applying the scientific results.
Evidence for an N‐glycosylation polymorphism of arylsulfatase a predisposing to alcoholism in Koreans
Authors: Chung In‐Won , Kim Heon , Lee Sang‐Ick , Hong Joo‐Bong , Kim Yong‐Dae , Nan Hong‐Mei , Sribney William , Kim Yong‐Sik , Manowitz Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the possible effect of the pseudodeficient N‐glycosylation polymorphism of the arylsulfatase A (ASA) gene on alcohol dependence among Koreans. Alcoholic patients (N = 123) were more likely than control subjects to be heterozygous or homozygous for the ASA pseudodeficient N‐glycosylation site (36% of alcoholics versus 20% of controls; P < 0.01). Among these 123 alcoholic patients, 42 alcoholics were heterozygous and two were homozygous for the ASA pseudodeficient N‐glycosylation polymorphism. This result provides evidence that the ASA pseudodeficient N‐glycosylation site allele increases the risk of alcohol dependence within a Korean population. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association analysis of polymorphisms at the interleukin‐1 locus in essential hypertension
Authors: Lin Ruby C.Y. , Morris Brian J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInfection with microorganisms such as Helicobacter pylori and Chlamidia pneumoniae has been associated with coronary heart disease (CAD) and hypertension (HT). Infection increases the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, thus facilitating interactions that lead to vascular damage and other effects. We hypothesized that genetically determined differences in activity or responsiveness of cytokine(s) might contribute to HT. The interleukin‐1 gene (IL1) cluster on chromosome 2q14 contains three related genes (IL1A, IL1B, and IL1RN) located within a 430‐kb region. These encode IL‐1α and IL‐1β, as well as their endogenous receptor antagonist, IL‐1ra. The IL1RN gene has a penta‐allelic 86‐bp tandem repeat in intron 2. Allele IL1RN* 2 is associated with a wide range of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and its combination with the − 31T variant of an IL1B C(− 31)T polymorphism constitutes a pro‐inflammatory haplotype that leads to vigorous IL‐1β production. We therefore tested each of these polymorphisms for association with HT. Subjects were white Anglo‐Celtic residents of Sydney, Australia. Frequencies of IL1B C(− 31)T genotypes CC, CT, and TT were 0.50, 0.40, and 0.10 in normotensive (NT) and 0.46, 0.46, and 0.08 in HT, respectively (χ2 = 1.2, P = 0.55). T allele frequency in NT (0.30) was similar to that in HT (0.31). For the IL1RN variant, frequencies of alleles IL1RN* 1 and * 2 and combined minor alleles * 3, * 4, and * 5 were 0.61, 0.36, and 0.03 in NT and 0.54, 0.36, and 0.10 in HT, respectively (χ2 = 11, P = 0.004). In conclusion, no association of the IL1B C(− 31)T with HT was found, whereas combined frequency of the minor alleles of the IL1RN polymorphism was increased in the HT cohort studied. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No evidence of an association between a functional monoamine oxidase a gene polymorphism and completed suicides
Authors: Ono Hisae , Shirakawa Osamu , Nishiguchi Naoki , Nishimura Akiyoshi , Nushida Hideyuki , Ueno Yasuhiro , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMonoamine oxidase A (MAOA) has been implicated in the control of aggression and/or impulsivity in humans and been involved in suicide. This gene has a functional polymorphism in which there is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the upstream region (MAOA‐uVNTR). We hypothesized that MAOA dysfunction due to this polymorphism was associated with suicide genetically through the disinhibition of aggression and/or impulsivity. We performed an association study between completed suicides and the MAOA‐uVNTR polymorphism. No significant difference in genotype distribution or allele frequencies was found between completed suicides and comparison groups either in males or females. These results show no evidence of an association between the MAOA‐uVNTR polymorphism and completed suicides and suggest that MAOA is not involved in the susceptibility to suicide. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular evidence of presenilin 1 mutation in familial early onset dementia
Authors: Matsubara‐Tsutsui Miho , Yasuda Minoru , Yamagata Hidehisa , Nomura Takuo , Taguchi Keiko , Kohara Katsuhiko , Miyoshi Koho , Miki Tetsuro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEarly onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) has been associated with mutations in three genes, of which presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutations are the most frequent. We reported previously a variant form of FAD, due to deletion of exon 9 of PSEN1, with spastic paralysis and rigidity. We describe a novel PSEN1 mutation in a family of Japanese origin with six affected individuals of both genders in two generations. The disease is characterized by presenile dementia, which is preceded by spastic paraparesis and apraxia. This mutation, which is predicted to cause a missense substitution of serine for glycine, occurred at codon 266 in exon 8 of PSEN1. The mutation was not found in 200 controls and 200 sporadic AD patients. On this basis alone, it seems this mutation is pathogenic. Our findings provide a new clue to the etiology of the familial early onset dementia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Report from the second international meeting of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Molecular Genetics Network
Authors: Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGiven evidence from twin, family, and adoption studies of genetic influence on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a growing number of researchers have initiated molecular genetics studies to explore the influence of specific genes on this condition. In 1999, these investigators convened to discuss ways of sharing information and facilitating collaborations across research sites. Enthusiastic response to this first conference prompted an even larger group of investigators to come together this year. This recent meeting, held in London, began with a presentation of Hypescheme, an operational criteria checklist developed in an effort to promote the reliable communication of diagnostic and other relevant clinical information related to ADHD. The benefits and limitations of Hypescheme, as well as the continued challenges to collaboration, were discussed. A new ADHD‐specific rating scale, developed to be of use in genetic analyses, was also presented. Focus then turned to collaborative projects proposed by investigators and practical suggestions regarding joint data analyses projects. Finally, new data from individual sites were presented. Because the mode of inheritance of ADHD is likely to be complex, efforts to collaborate and cross‐validate findings remain an important priority for researchers studying the molecular genetics of this disorder. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allelic variation of a BalI polymorphism in the DRD3 gene does not influence susceptibility to bipolar disorder: Results of analysis and meta‐analysis
Authors: Elvidge Gareth , Jones Ian , McCandless Fiona , Asherson Phil , Owen Michael J. , Craddock Nick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBipolar disorder is a major psychiatric illness that has evidence for a significant genetic contribution toward its development. In recent years, the BalI RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) in the dopamine D3 receptor gene has been examined as a possible susceptibility factor for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While analysis in schizophrenia has produced examples of increased homozygosity in patients, less encouraging results have been found for bipolar disorder. Recently, however, a family‐based association study has found a significant excess of allele 1 and allele 1–containing genotypes in transmitted alleles to bipolar probands over nontransmitted controls. In a large bipolar case control sample (n = 454), we have been unable to replicate the family‐based association study (chi‐square = 0.137, P = 0.71, 1 df) or detect an effect similar to the positive homozygosity findings in schizophrenia (chi‐square = 0.463, P = 0.50, 1 df). A meta‐analysis of previous association studies also revealed no difference in allele distributions between bipolar patients and controls for this polymorphism in ethnically homogeneous samples (odds ratio, OR, = 1.04; P = 0.60; 95% confidence interval, CI, = 0.89–1.20). In view of this evidence, we conclude that variation at the BalI RFLP is not an important factor influencing the susceptibility to bipolar disorder. It remains possible, however, that other sequence variations within the DRD3 gene could play a role. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using a roster and haplotyping is useful in risk assessment for persons with intermediate and reduced penetrance alleles in Huntington disease
Authors: Maat‐Kievit Anneke , Helderman‐van den Enden Paula , Losekoot Monique , de Knijff Peter , Belfroid René , Vegter‐van der Vlis Maria , Roos Raymund , Breuning Martijn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe risk of a person having a child with an inherited disorder, caused by an unstable triplet repeat, such as Huntington disease (HD), depends on the expansion of the mutation in that person, which is connected both to the biological nature of the mutation and to the person's relation to the carrier of the full mutation. Once the mutation causing HD was identified, we were able to diagnose sporadic patients. A sporadic patient can sometimes be connected to a known HD pedigree by using a roster. By haplotyping and calculating the posterior identity‐by‐descent probability, we could establish whether a connection was coincidental or not. Furthermore, we describe the frequency of intermediate and reduced penetrance alleles detected. Using the family history and the roster to search for a connection, we examined whether these alleles were on the HD haplotype of a family. It is important to know the origin of an intermediate or reduced penetrance allele because if it comes from an HD branch of the family or from the non‐HD affected side of the pedigree, different risks for relatives and penetrance ensue. In our study, most intermediate alleles came from the non–HD‐affected side of the pedigree and had a repeat size in the lower range with a negligible risk for expansion. Intermediate alleles on the HD haplotypes were larger and found in predictive test applicants from known families or relatives from new mutations with a higher risk for expansion. Reduced penetrance alleles in the higher range were mainly found in symptomatic and predictive test applicants from known families, with a considerable risk for penetrance, although at older age. We conclude that a roster, a thorough family history, and haplotyping in persons with intermediate and reduced penetrance alleles are essential in considering the risk of a person having (a child with) HD. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological differences between minicolumns in human and nonhuman primate cortex
Authors: Buxhoeveden Daniel P. , Switala Andrew E. , Roy Emil , Litaker Mark , Casanova Manuel F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur study performed a quantitative investigation of minicolumns in the planum temporale (PT) of human, chimpanzee, and rhesus monkey brains. This analysis distinguished minicolumns in the human cortex from those of the other nonhuman primates. Human cell columns are larger, contain more neuropil space, and pack more cells into the core area of the column than those of the other primates tested. Because the minicolumn is a basic anatomical and functional unit of the cortex, this strong evidence showed reorganization in this area of the human brain. The relationship between the minicolumn and cortical volume is also discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:361–371, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.