bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance framework: a systems approach to understanding performance management
Authors: Saltmarshe Douglas , Ireland Mark , McGregor J. Allister 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe article presents a framework for better understanding the nature of performance in organisations involved in the provision of overseas development assistance (ODA). It uses a case study to illustrate the three main features of the framework which are: goals, performance assessment and performance management. It is asserted that a vibrant performance culture is one which links these features together to form an organisation capable of continual improvement through producing effective learning. Organisational culture determines the nature of linkages between the three sub‐systems. The article stresses how the notion of performance may extend beyond various forms of evaluation and scrutiny to being part of a sentient learning system rooted in an organisation's culture and structure. The article concludes with consideration of key issues associated with the generation of a reflexive learning organisation operating in the ODA sector. These are concerned with understanding the role and nature of systems, organisational vision, the embracing of diversity, training and accountability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rare cell isolation using antibodies covalently linked to slides: application to fetal cells in maternal blood
Authors: Irene Jauho Eva , Havsteen Jakobsen Mogens 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe describe here a new type of method for isolation of rare cell populations in biological fluids. The method is based on the anthraquinone technology for covalent binding of molecules to a polymer surface. An anthraquinone molecule conjugated via a linker to an electrophilic group (AQ Immobilizer™ reagent, Exiqon A/S) is covalently bound to a polymer surface by UV irradiation. The electrophilic group of this AQ reagent can covalently bind a specific antibody directed against a specific cell marker. Applying a cell sample to the functional surface, the cells having the specific cell marker on the cell surface will bind to the antibody on the functional surface. Using this technique, even extremely small cell populations may be isolated. We succeeded in isolating fetal cells from maternal blood samples in the first trimester for chromosome defects genetic diagnosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possible human chimera detected prenatally after in vitro fertilization: a case report
Authors: Simon‐Bouy B. , Plachot M. , Mokdad A. , Lavaud N. , Muti C. , Bazin A. , Vialard F. , Belaisch‐Allart J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundChimerism is the coexistence of more than one cell line in an individual, due to the fusion of originally separate zygotes. It has been very rarely described in humans.MethodsA 36‐year‐old woman who was referred for in vitro fertilization (IVF) for unexplained infertility had three embryos transferred.ResultsFour weeks and five days after the transfer, ultrasound examination detected a single fetus in the uterus. Ultrasound examination at 17 weeks for metrorrhagia showed severe intrauterine growth retardation. Amniocentesis revealed a mixture of 46,XY and 46,XX clones. Histopathologic examination showed a dysmorphic fetus with female phenotype and severe growth retardation.ConclusionsAlthough demonstration by fingerprinting has not been possible, fusion of two of the three transferred embryos (one male and one female) seems to be the most probable mechanism that could explain both cytogenetic and histopathologic observations. No chimera has yet been described after IVF. It would be interesting to collect any such observations from other IVF centers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strings in plane wave backgrounds
Authors: Pankiewicz A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractI review aspects of string theory on plane wave backgrounds emphasising the connection to gauge theory given by the BMN correspondence. Topics covered include the Penrose limit and its role in deriving the BMN duality from AdS/CFT, light‐cone string field theory in the maximally supersymmetric plane wave and extensions of the correspondence to less supersymmetric backgrounds.
The road to compliance with electronic records and electronic signature rules
Authors: Reed Kathleen L. , Barrowclough Kathleen D. , Rhea Robert C. , Kelly Wonda K. , Oster Maryanne B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractActivities required for compliance with electronic records (e‐records) and electronic signatures (e‐signatures) rules go a long way toward meeting the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) requirements for assuring the quality of the data collected and the overall integrity of the study. This paper describes one facility's journey on the road to compliance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's new?
Authors: Bohaychuk Wendy , Broughton Steve 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe What's New? section in the Quality Assurance Journal aims to draw attention to items of importance to QA professionals. There is usually a three‐month interval between final submission of manuscripts and distribution of the journal. For this issue, the entries in the What's New? section arise from the period of 01 June 2003 to 31 August 2003. If you feel that there is any other new information that should be brought to the attention of readers, please let us know by e‐mailing: rha@verdandi.ch Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix convex directions for time delay systems
Authors: Kharitonov Vladimir , Mondié Sabine , Santos Joaquin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe characterization of convex direction for real Hurwitz matrices is extended to the case of multivariable time delay linear systems. The above is achieved using the results of convex directions for quasipolynomials. An illustrative example is given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the determinants of “small” and “large” foreign exchange market interventions: The case of the Japanese interventions in the 1990s
Authors: Frenkel Michael , Pierdzioch Christian , Stadtmann Georg 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDuring the past 30 years, central banks have often intervened in foreign exchange markets, and the magnitude of their foreign exchange market interventions has varied widely. We develop a quantitative reaction function model that renders it possible to examine the determinants of “small” and “large” interventions. We apply the model to analyzing the intervention policy of the Japanese monetary authorities (JMA) in the yen/U.S. dollar market during the period from 1991 through 2001. To this end, we use recently released official data on the foreign exchange market interventions of the JMA. We find that the JMA tended to conduct large interventions when the yen/U.S. dollar exchange rate drifted away from an “implicit target exchange rate.”
Using masks as therapeutic aids in family therapy
Authors: Baptiste David A. 
Published: November 2003

‘Man is least himself when he talks in his own person, give him a mask and he will tell the truth’ (Oscar Wilde).This paper describes an innovative technique which uses masks as therapeutic aids in treating families in conflict. Structured within the framework of interpersonal perception, this technique uses play, humour, and the power and ‘magic’ of masks paradoxically to ‘unmask’ family members and facilitate reality‐testing of perceptions distorted by the emotional masks individuals create and project onto each other. Mask usage is suggested as an adjunct to other therapeutic approaches currently used with families. Caveats and contradictions for the technique are presented. A case study illustrates the use of the technique with a reconstituted family.
Family interaction in adolescent school phobia
Authors: Huffington Clare M. , Sevitt Michael A. 
Published: November 2003

The families of 26 school non‐attending adolescents (15 phobics, 11 truants) took part in a special task interview which was observed and video taped. The Summary Format for Family Interaction and Family Description Form were used to describe the families.Characteristic items were observed more frequently in phobic than truant families. The two items that discriminated statistically between the groups, and could therefore be said to characterize phobic families, involved the index child's behaviour within the family, notably his passivity and lack of initiative, his sadness and appearance of having given up. A number of other items just failed to reach statistical significance.A pattern of interaction in phobic families is suggested and the nature of its relationship with the phobic symptom is discussed. A developmental model is used to explain some of the differences seen in families of adolescents.
Abstracts
Authors: Frude Neil 
Published: November 2003

Zygmond, M. J. and Boorhem, H. (1989) Ethical decision making in Family Therapy. Family ProcessArmsworth, M. W. (1989) Therapy of incest survivors: Abuse or support. Child Abuse and NeglectWamboldt, F. S. and Reiss, D. (1989) Defining a family heritage and a new relationship identity: Two central tasks in the making of a marriage. Family ProcessWood, W., Rhodes, N. and Whelan, M. (1989) Sex differences in positive well‐being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological BulletinLange, A. (1989) The ‘help’ paradigm in the treatment of severely distressed couples: A combination of paradoxical and problem‐solving elements. American Journal of Family Therapy
Abstracts
Authors: Frude Neil 
Published: November 2003

Veevers, J. E. (1990) Traumas versus strens: a paradigm of positive versus negative divorce outcomes. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage Kiser, L.J., Pugh, R.J., McColgan, E. B., Pruitt, D. B. and Edwards, N. B. (1991) Treatment strategies for victims of extra‐familial child sexual abuse. Journal of Family Psychotherapy Bloch, S., Sharpe, M. and Allman, P. (1991) Systemic family therapy in adult psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry Crisp, A. H., Norton, K., Gowers, S., Halek, C., Bowyer, C., Yeldham, D., Levett, G. and Bhat, A. (1991) A controlled study of the effect of the therapies aimed at adolescent and family psycho‐pathology in anorexia nervosa. British Journal of Psychiatry Dunn, J. and Plomin, R. (1991) Why are siblings so different? The significance of differences in sibling experiences within the family. Family Process
Putative SNP discovery in interspecific hybrids of catfish by comparative EST analysis
Authors: He C. , Chen L. , Simmons M. , Li P. , Kim S. , Liu Z. J. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryIn this study, we identified putative SNP markers within genes by comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Comparison of 849 ESTs from blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) with >11 000 ESTs from channel catfish (I. punctatus) deposited in GenBank resulted in the identification of 1020 putative SNPs within 161 genes, of which 145 were nuclear genes of known function. The observed frequency of SNPs within ESTs of the two closely related catfish species was 1.32 SNP per 100 bp. The majority of identified SNPs differed between the two species and, therefore, these SNPs are useful for mapping genes in channel catfish × blue catfish interspecific resource families. The SNPs that differed within species were also observed; these can be applied to genome scans in channel catfish resource families.
Characterization of gene expression in double‐muscled and normal‐muscled bovine embryos
Authors: Potts J. K. , Echternkamp S. E. , Smith T. P. L. , Reecy J. M. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryMyostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Cattle with mutations that inactivate myostatin exhibit a remarkable increase in mass of skeletal muscle called double muscling that is accompanied by an equally remarkable decrease in carcass fat. Although a mouse knockout model has been created which results in mice with a 200% increase in skeletal muscle mass, molecular mechanisms whereby myostatin regulates skeletal muscle and fat mass are not fully understood. Using suppressive subtractive hybridization, genes that were differentially expressed in double‐muscled vs. normal‐muscled cattle embryos were identified. Genetic variation at other loci was minimized by using embryonic samples collected from related Piedmontese × Angus dams or Belgian Blue × Hereford dams bred to a single sire of the same breed composition. Embryos were collected at 31–33 days of gestation, which is 2–4 days after high‐level expression of myostatin in the developing bovine embryo. The suppressive subtraction resulted in 30 clones that were potentially differentially expressed, 19 of which were confirmed by macroarray analysis. Several of these genes have biological functions that suggest that they are directly involved in myostatin's regulation of skeletal muscle development. Furthermore, several of these genes map to quantitative trait loci known to interact with variation in the myostatin gene.
Development of a single nucleotide polymorphism map of porcine chromosome 2
Authors: Jungerius B. J. , Rattink A. P. , Crooijmans R. P. M. A. , van der Poel J. J. , van Oost B. A. , Te Pas M. F. W. , Groenen M. A. M. 
Published: November 2003

SummarySingle nucleotide polymorphism markers are developed on SSC2, predominantly on the p‐arm. Several studies reported a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for backfat thickness in this region. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by comparative re‐sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from a panel of eight individuals. The panel consisted of five Large Whites (each from a different Dutch breeding company), a Meishan, a Pietrain and a Wild Boar. In total, 67 different PCR products were sequenced and 301 SNPs were identified in 32 429 bp of consensus sequence, an average of one SNP in every 108 bp. After correction for sample size, this polymorphism rate corresponds to a heterozygosity value of one SNP in every 357 bp. For 63% of the SNPs, there was variation among the five Large Whites, and these SNPs are relevant for linkage and association studies in commercial populations. Comparing the Whites with other breeds revealed higher variation rates with: (i) Meishan, 89%; (ii) Pietrain, 69%; (iii) Wild Boar, 70%. Because many of the experimental populations to identify QTL are based on crosses between these breeds, these SNPs are relevant for the fine mapping of the QTL identified within these crosses.
Who to report to the Coroner? A survey of intensive care unit directors and Her Majesty's Coroners in England and Wales
Authors: Booth S. A. , Wilkins M. L. , Smith J. M. , Park G. R. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryWe performed a postal survey to assess the ability of intensive care unit directors and Her Majesty's Coroners to recognise deaths that should be reported to the local coroner. The survey questionnaire consisted of 12 hypothetical case scenarios. Coroners were significantly better at identifying reportable deaths than intensive care unit directors (median correct recognition scores of 11 (interquartile range 9.25–11) vs. 8 (interquartile range 7–10), respectively, p < 0.01). Deaths associated with an accident, medical treatments, industrial disease, neglect and substance abuse were significantly under‐reported by intensive care unit directors (p < 0.01). Results show that significant numbers of deaths on intensive care units in England and Wales may not be being referred for further investigation, and that wide variation in local coroners' practices exists. Improvements in postgraduate medicolegal education about deaths reportable to a coroner are required. National regulations need to be more detailed and standardised so that regional variation is eliminated.
Seasonal changes in particulate and dissolved lipids in a eutrophic prairie lake
Authors: ARTS MICHAEL , ROBARTS RICHARD , EVANS MARLENE 
Published: November 2003

1. Critical periods of lipid energy transfer from phyto‐ to zooplankton were inferred by comparing seasonal patterns of particulate and dissolved lipid fractions in lake water with temporal changes in lipid energy reserves of the zooplankton in a hypereutrophic lake.2. The midsummer phytoplankton community was dominated by the bloom‐forming cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae. The collapse of the bloom was accompanied by a 2‐week period of severe nitrogen deficiency after which there was a marked increase in the concentration of lipid energy reserves in the particulate (algal) fraction.3. Areal lipid energy reserves of the dominant herbivorous zooplankton responded positively to changes in the tri‐and diacylglycerol content of the particulate fraction of lake water in a species‐specific manner.4. Bacterial numbers also peaked in September concomitant with a large increase in free fatty acids in the dissolved lipid fraction probably produced by the decay of the A. flos‐aquae bloom.5. The association between periods of nitrogen deficiency and increased energy reserve lipids in the particulate fraction supports observations made with laboratory algal cultures that periods of nutrient deficiency may intensify lipid synthesis in some algal species, thereby enhancing the rate of lipid energy transfer from phytoplankton to zooplankton.
Effects of nutrient limitation on biochemical constituents of Ankistrodesmus falcatus
Authors: KILHAM SUSAN , KREEGER DANIEL , GOULDEN CLYDE , LYNN SCOTT 
Published: November 2003

1. Cell size and volume changed as a function of the type of resource limitation, with nitrogen‐limited cells being smaller and less dense and phosphorus‐limited cells being larger and more dense than non‐limited cells.2. The major biochemical constituents of the green alga Ankistrodesmus falcatus varied as a function of nitrogen or phosphorus limitation (15% of maximum growth rate) compared to cells growing at their maximum rate. Nitrogen‐limited cells had much lower protein content and phosphorus‐limited cells had higher carbohydrate and lipid contents than cells growing under no limitation.3. Phosphorus‐limited cells had a higher total lipid content than either nitrogen‐limited or non‐limited cells, but the lipid class composition was similar.4. The protein : lipid ratio was lowest (0.38) in the nitrogen‐limited cells, intermediate in the phosphorus‐limited cells (0.44) and highest in the non‐limited control cells (1.14).
Use of green fluorescent protein fusions to analyse the N‐ and C‐terminal signal peptides of GPI‐anchored cell wall proteins in Candida albicans
Authors: Mao Yuxin , Zhang Zimei , Wong Brian 
Published: November 2003

SummaryGlycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins account for 26–35% of the Candida albicans cell wall. To understand the signals that regulate these proteins’ cell surface localization, green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused to the N‐ and C‐termini of the C. albicans cell wall proteins (CWPs) Hwp1p, Als3p and Rbt5p. C. albicans expressing all three fusion proteins were fluorescent at the cell surface. GFP was released from membrane fractions by PI‐PLC and from cell walls by β‐glucanase, which implied that GFP was GPI‐anchored to the plasma membrane and then covalently attached to cell wall glucans. Twenty and 25 amino acids, respectively, from the N‐ and C‐termini of Hwp1p were sufficient to target GFP to the cell surface. C‐terminal substitutions that are permitted by the ω rules (G613D, G613N, G613S, G613A, G615S) did not interfere with GFP localization, whereas some non‐permitted substitutions (G613E, G613Q, G613R, G613T and G615Q) caused GFP to accumulate in intracellular ER‐like structures and others (G615C, G613N/G615C and G613D/G615C) did not. These results imply that (i) GFP fusions can be used to analyse the N‐ and C‐terminal signal peptides of GPI‐anchored CWPs, (ii) the ω amino acid in Hwp1p is G613, and (iii) C can function at the ω+2 position in C. albicans GPI‐anchored proteins.
Physical maps and recombination frequency of six rice chromosomes
Authors: Wu Jianzhong , Mizuno Hiroshi , Hayashi‐Tsugane Mika , Ito Yukiyo , Chiden Yoshino , Fujisawa Masaki , Katagiri Satoshi , Saji Shoko , Yoshiki Shoji , Karasawa Wataru , Yoshihara Rie , Hayashi Akiko , Kobayashi Harumi , Ito Kazue , Hamada Masao , Okamoto Masako , Ikeno Maiko , Ichikawa Yoko , Katayose Yuichi , Yano Masahiro , Matsumoto Takashi , Sasaki Takuji 
Published: November 2003

SummaryWe constructed physical maps of rice chromosomes 1, 2, and 6–9 with P1‐derived artificial chromosome (PAC) and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. These maps, with only 20 gaps, cover more than 97% of the predicted length of the six chromosomes. We submitted a total of 193 Mbp of non‐overlapping sequences to public databases. We analyzed the DNA sequences of 1316 genetic markers and six centromere‐specific repeats to facilitate characterization of chromosomal recombination frequency and of the genomic composition and structure of the centromeric regions. We found marked changes in the relative recombination rate along the length of each chromosome. Chromosomal recombination at the centromere core and surrounding regions on the six chromosomes was completely suppressed. These regions have a total physical length of about 23 Mbp, corresponding to 11.4% of the entire size of the six chromosomes. Chromosome 6 has the longest quiescent region, with about 5.6 Mbp, followed by chromosome 8, with quiescent region about half this size. Repetitive sequences accounted for at least 40% of the total genomic sequence on the partly sequenced centromeric region of chromosome 1. Rice CentO satellite DNA is arrayed in clusters and is closely associated with the presence of Centromeric Retrotransposon of Rice (CRR)‐ and RIce RetroElement 7 (RIRE7)‐like retroelement sequences. We also detected relatively small coldspot regions outside the centromeric region; their repetitive content and gene density were similar to those of regions with normal recombination rates. Sequence analysis of these regions suggests that either the amount or the organization patterns of repetitive sequences may play a role in the inactivation of recombination.
Intronic L1 insertion and F268S, novel mutations in RPS6KA3 (RSK2) causing Coffin–Lowry syndrome
Authors: Martínez‐Garay I , Ballesta MJ , Oltra S , Orellana C , Palomeque A , Moltó MD , Prieto F , Martínez F 
Published: November 2003

Two novel mutations of the ribosomal S6 kinase 2 gene (also known as RSK2) have been identified in two unrelated patients with Coffin–Lowry syndrome. The first mutation consists of a de novo insertion of a 5′‐truncated LINE‐1 element at position −8 of intron 3, which leads to a skipping of exon 4, leading to a shift of the reading frame and a premature stop codon. The L1 fragment (2800 bp) showed a rearrangement with a small deletion, a partial inversion of the ORF 2, flanked by short direct repeats which duplicate the acceptor splice site. However, cDNA analysis of the patient shows that both sites are apparently not functional.The second family showed the nucleotide change 803T>C in exon 10, resulting in the F268S mutation. This mutation was detected in two monozygotic twin patients and in their mother, who was mildly affected. The patients fulfill the clinical criteria of the syndrome, and therefore the mutation provides further support for the importance of phenylalanine at position 268, which is highly conserved in the protein kinase domain of many serine–threonine protein kinases.