bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closing the Divide: Women Empowerment in Qatar Between Rhetoric and Reality
Authors: Hassan Abdulmajeed Fouad Nada 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Arab Gulf nations, including Qatar, have embraced women’s empowerment as a central aspect of their national development. Numerous initiatives have been launched to further this cause. However, despite the public rhetoric emphasizing progress in this area, there seems to be a discrepancy between this and the experiences of women on the ground. This chapter aims to examine this gap by exploring the impact of state feminism within a welfare state on the empowerment of ordinary women. To do this, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 Qatari women to gather their perspectives. Using a power lens, this study found that the women interviewed faced challenges in areas such as freedom of choice, legal rights, inclusiveness, and representation. The results suggest a disconnect between the empowerment initiatives and the lived experiences of these women, highlighting the need for a shift towards a bottom-up approach that focuses on the organic growth of a powerful female community that can advocate for and assert their rights within the context of their realities.
Through the Eye of the Needle: Lessons in Women’s Empowerment and Public Policy from the Arab Gulf
Authors: Langworthy Melissa , Naguib Rabia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we challenge the dominant perspective that views the ‘universalization’ of the international agenda on women’s empowerment as the only way for states to both promote women’s rights and be seen as a legitimate modern state. Our study provides a comparative analysis of public policies and gender data from the six Arab Gulf nations (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE) to examine the situation of women’s empowerment in the Arab Gulf region. We argue that the persistence of neoliberal capitalist frameworks and Western-defined human rights strategies has perpetuated orientalist discourses that contrast Arab cultures with Western ones. We assert that the international women’s agenda, by emphasizing neoliberal ideals, overlooks and devalues contexts where progress is not measured in individual terms, but rather requires prioritizing the family and household in women’s economic pursuits. Through this lens, we present Arab Gulf policy frameworks as important and effective strategies that prioritize the provision of care, support for work-life reconciliation, and the freedom to pursue progress for women who have different life goals beyond the neoliberal framework.
Epilogue—Epistemic Healing: Reclaiming Women’s Empowerment in Islamic Sources
Authors: Naguib Rabia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis epilogue concludes the journey towards a thorough and contextualized understanding of women’s empowerment in Arab and Muslim-majority societies, as presented in this book. The study debunks the narrow view and prevailing discourse from Western ideologies, offering a fresh outlook rooted in local values and Islamic teachings. It delves into the Islamic sources and teachings that inform women’s empowerment, exploring the policy implications and promoting inclusiveness in such policies. Additionally, the chapter seeks to reconcile the epistemological and cultural tensions in the discourse on women’s empowerment.
Pole skipping in holographic theories with gauge and fermionic fields
Authors: Ning Sirui , Wang Diandian , Wang Zi-Yue 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Using covariant expansions, recent work showed that pole skipping happens in general holographic theories with bosonic fields at frequencies i(lb − s)2πT, where lb is the highest integer spin in the theory and s takes all positive integer values. We revisit this formalism in theories with gauge symmetry and upgrade the pole-skipping condition so that it works without having to remove the gauge redundancy. We also extend the formalism by incorporating fermions with general spins and interactions and show that their presence generally leads to a separate tower of pole-skipping points at frequencies i(lf − s)2πT, lf being the highest half-integer spin in the theory and s again taking all positive integer values. We also demonstrate the practical value of this formalism using a selection of examples with spins 0,$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

, 1,$$ \frac{3}{2} $$

3
2

, 2.
Energy correlators on tracks: resummation and non-perturbative effects
Authors: Jaarsma Max , Li Yibei , Moult Ian , Waalewijn Wouter , Zhu Hua Xing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Energy correlators measured inside high-energy jets at hadron colliders have recently been demonstrated to provide a new window into both perturbative and non-perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. A number of the most interesting features of these correlators, namely their universal scaling behavior and the ability to image the confinement transition, require precise angular resolution, necessitating the use of tracking information in experimental measurements. Theoretically, tracking information can be incorporated into the energy correlators using track functions, which are non-perturbative functions describing the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into charged hadrons. In this paper, we apply our recently developed track function formalism to energy correlators, and study in detail the interplay of track functions with perturbative resummation and non-perturbative power corrections. We provide resummed results for the energy correlators at collinear next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy and compare with parton shower Monte Carlo simulations. For the two-point correlator the use of tracking has a minimal effect throughout the entire distribution, but it has a significant effect for higher point correlators. Our results are crucial for the theoretical interpretation of recent experimental measurements of the energy-energy correlators.
Perception of pharmacological equivalence of generics or biosimilars in healthcare professionals in Vienna
Authors: Binder Lukas , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Due to constantly rising therapy costs, biosimilars and generic drugs have gained tremendous importance through recent decades. Nevertheless, the acceptance among healthcare workers regarding biosimilars and generic drugs in previously published international studies is considerably lower than the scientific data on equivalent safety and efficacy would suggest. The aim of this questionnaire-based survey was to determine the perception and knowledge regarding generic drugs and biosimilars by medical professionals from different healthcare facilities in Vienna, Austria.

Methods
The online questionnaire was sent to public and religious hospitals in Vienna, including the university hospital “Vienna General Hospital.” In addition, doctors’ offices were reached by sending out the questionnaire in the weekly news of the Vienna Medical Association.

Results
A total of 282 physicians and 311 graduated nurses took part in the study. 63% and 62% of the participants were convinced that generic respective biosimilar drugs were clinically equivalent to the original reference drug. On average, 1.6 out of 4 knowledge questions were answered correctly about generics, while only 0.87 out of 4 questions were answered accurately about biosimilars.

Conclusion
The results of this study support the outcome from previous surveys demonstrating that a large proportion of healthcare professionals is still skeptical about generics and biosimilars. According to the results of this study, better education of the medical staff might ensure greater acceptance of these types of drugs.
Automated identification of uncertain cases in deep learning-based classification of dopamine transporter SPECT to improve clinical utility and acceptance
Authors: Budenkotte Thomas , Apostolova Ivayla , Opfer Roland , Krüger Julia , Klutmann Susanne , Buchert Ralph 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are promising for automatic classification of dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT images. Reporting the certainty of CNN-based decisions is highly desired to flag cases that might be misclassified and, therefore, require particularly careful inspection by the user. The aim of the current study was to design and validate a CNN-based system for the identification of uncertain cases.

Methods
A network ensemble (NE) combining five CNNs was trained for binary classification of [123I]FP-CIT DAT-SPECT images as “normal” or “neurodegeneration-typical reduction” with high accuracy (NE for classification, NEfC). An uncertainty detection module (UDM) was obtained by combining two additional NE, one trained for detection of “reduced” DAT-SPECT with high sensitivity, the other with high specificity. A case was considered “uncertain” if the “high sensitivity” NE and the “high specificity” NE disagreed. An internal “development” dataset of 1740 clinical DAT-SPECT images was used for training (n = 1250) and testing (n = 490). Two independent datasets with different image characteristics were used for testing only (n = 640, 645). Three established approaches for uncertainty detection were used for comparison (sigmoid, dropout, model averaging).

Results
In the test data from the development dataset, the NEfC achieved 98.0% accuracy. 4.3% of all test cases were flagged as “uncertain” by the UDM: 2.5% of the correctly classified cases and 90% of the misclassified cases. NEfC accuracy among “certain” cases was 99.8%. The three comparison methods were less effective in labelling misclassified cases as “uncertain” (40–80%). These findings were confirmed in both additional test datasets.

Conclusion
The UDM allows reliable identification of uncertain [123I]FP-CIT SPECT with high risk of misclassification. We recommend that automatic classification of [123I]FP-CIT SPECT images is combined with an UDM to improve clinical utility and acceptance. The proposed UDM method (“high sensitivity versus high specificity”) might be useful also for DAT imaging with other ligands and for other binary classification tasks.
Prevalence and clinical implications of coronary artery calcium scoring on non-gated thoracic computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Osborne-Grinter Maia , Ali Adnan , Williams Michelle C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Coronary artery calcifications (CACs) indicate the presence of coronary artery disease. CAC can be found on thoracic computed tomography (CT) conducted for non-cardiac reasons. This systematic review and meta-analysis of non-gated thoracic CT aims to assess the clinical impact and prevalence of CAC.

Methods
Online databases were searched for articles assessing prevalence, demographic characteristics, accuracy and prognosis of incidental CAC on non-gated thoracic CT. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.

Results
A total of 108 studies (113,406 patients) were included (38% female). Prevalence of CAC ranged from 2.7 to 100% (pooled prevalence 52%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 46–58%). Patients with CAC were older (pooled standardised mean difference 0.88, 95% CI 0.65–1.11, p < 0.001), and more likely to be male (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.55–2.45, p < 0.001), with diabetes (pooled OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.95–3.54, p < 0.001), hypercholesterolaemia (pooled OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.33–3.93, p < 0.01) and hypertension (pooled OR 3.89, 95% CI 2.26–6.70, p < 0.001), but not higher body mass index or smoking. Non-gated CT assessment of CAC had excellent agreement with electrocardiogram-gated CT (pooled correlation coefficient 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.98, p < 0.001). In 51,582 patients, followed-up for 51.6 ± 27.4 months, patients with CAC had increased all cause mortality (pooled relative risk [RR] 2.13, 95% CI 1.57–2.90, p = 0.004) and major adverse cardiovascular events (pooled RR 2.91, 95% CI 2.26–3.93, p < 0.001). When CAC was present on CT, it was reported in between 18.6% and 93% of reports.

Conclusion
CAC is a common, but underreported, finding on non-gated CT with important prognostic implications.

Clinical relevance statement
Coronary artery calcium is an important prognostic indicator of cardiovascular disease. It can be assessed on non-gated thoracic CT and is a commonly underreported finding. This represents a significant population where there is a potential missed opportunity for lifestyle modification recommendations and preventative therapies. This study aims to highlight the importance of reporting incidental coronary artery calcium on non-gated thoracic CT.

Key Points
• Coronary artery calcification is a common finding on non-gated thoracic CT and can be reliably identified compared to gated-CT.
• Coronary artery calcification on thoracic CT is associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascsular events.
• Coronary artery calcification is frequently not reported on non-gated thoracic CT.
Decoupled Boundary Handling in SPH
Authors: Akhunov Rustam , Kolb Andreas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractParticle-based boundary representations are frequently used in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) due to their simple integration into fluid solvers. Commonly, incompressible fluid solvers estimate the current density and corresponding forces in case the current density exceeds the rest density to push fluid particles apart. Close to the boundary, the calculation of the fluid particles’ density involves both neighboring fluid and neighboring boundary particles, yielding an overestimation of density, and, subsequently, wrong pressure forces and wrong velocities leading to the disturbed fluid particles’ behavior in the vicinity of the boundary. In this paper, we present a detailed explanation of this disturbed fluid particle behavior, which is mainly due to the combined or coupled handling of the fluid–fluid particle and the fluid–boundary particle interaction. We propose the decoupled handling of both interaction types, leading to two densities for a given fluid particle, i.e., fluid-induced density and boundary-induced density. In our approach, we alternately apply the corresponding fluid-induced and boundary-induced forces during pressure estimation. This separation avoids force overestimation and reduces unintended fluid dynamics near the boundary, as well as a inconsistent fluid–boundary distance across different fluid amounts and different particle-based boundary handling methods. We compare our method with two regular state-of-the-art methods in different experiments and show how our method handles detailed boundary shapes.
CMIP6 precipitation and temperature projections for Chile
Authors: Salazar Álvaro , Thatcher Marcus , Goubanova Katerina , Bernal Patricio , Gutiérrez Julio , Squeo Francisco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrecipitation and near-surface temperature from an ensemble of 36 new state‐of‐the‐art climate models under the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) are evaluated over Chile’s climate. The analysis is focused on four distinct climatic subregions: Northern Chile, Central Chile, Northern Patagonia, and Southern Patagonia. Over each of the subregions, first, we evaluate the performance of individual global climate models (GCMs) against a suit of precipitation and temperature observation-based gridded datasets over the historical period (1986–2014) and then we analyze the models’ projections for the end of the century (2080–2099) for four different shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios (SSP). Although the models are characterized by general wet and warm mean bias, they reproduce realistically the main spatiotemporal climatic variability over different subregions. However, none of the models is best across all subregions for both precipitation and temperature. Moreover, among the best performing models defined based on the Taylor skill score, one finds the so-called “hot models” likely exhibiting an overestimated climate sensitivity, which suggests caution in using these models for accessing future climate change in Chile. We found robust (90% of models agree in the direction of change) projected end-of-the-century reductions in mean annual precipitation for Central Chile (~ − 20 to ~ − 40%) and Northern Patagonia (~ − 10 to ~ − 30%) under scenario SSP585, but changes are strong from scenario SSP245 onwards, where precipitation is reduced by 10–20%. Northern Chile and Southern Patagonia show non-robust changes in precipitation across the models. Yet, future near-surface temperature warming presented high inter-model agreement across subregions, where the greatest increments occurred along the Andes Mountains. Northern Chile displays the strongest increment of up to ~ 6 °C in SSP585, followed by Central Chile (up to ~ 5 °C). Both Northern and Southern Patagonia show a corresponding increment by up to ~ 4 °C. We also briefly discuss about the environmental and socio-economic implications of these future changes for Chile.
Periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic hip dysplasia in middle aged patients: does age alone matter?
Authors: Leopold Vincent J. , Hipfl Christian , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian , Becker Luis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Conflicting evidence exists regarding outcomes in middle-aged patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Aims
To compare patient reported outcomes (PROMs) of middle-aged PAO patients with younger patient groups.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of PAO patients between 01/2015 and 06/2017 at a single orthopedic university center with a primary diagnosis of symptomatic DDH. The cohort was divided into four age groups and compared: < 20, 20–30, 30–40 and > 40 years. Joint function was assessed using iHOT-12, mHHS and SHV. Activity level was assessed using UCLA Activity score. Patient satisfaction and pain were assessed on the numerical rating scale 0–10. Conversion rates to THA were assessed.

Results
Out of 202 PAOs, 120 cases with complete data were included. Mean follow-up was 63 months (range 47–81 months). Eighteen patients were < 20 years old, 54 were 20–30 years, 37 were 30–40 years, 11 patients were older than 40. No significant differences were observed for preoperative or postoperative iHOT-12 (p = 0.898; p = 0.087), mHHS (p = 0.878; p = 0.103), SHV (p = 0.602; p = 0.352) or UCLA (p = 0.539; p = 0.978) between groups. Improvement deltas were also not significantly different for all PROMs. Postoperative patient satisfaction was similar between groups (p = 0.783).

Conclusion
Patients with symptomatic DDH may benefit from PAO even at middle age with similar outcomes and pre- to postoperative improvements as younger age groups. Indication should be based on biological age and preoperative joint condition rather than age.
Predicting disease severity in multiple sclerosis using multimodal data and machine learning
Authors: Andorra Magi , Freire Ana , Zubizarreta Irati , de Rosbo Nicole Kerlero , Bos Steffan D. , Rinas Melanie , Høgestøl Einar A. , de Rodez Benavent Sigrid A. , Berge Tone , Brune-Ingebretse Synne , Ivaldi Federico , Cellerino Maria , Pardini Matteo , Vila Gemma , Pulido-Valdeolivas Irene , Martinez-Lapiscina Elena H. , Llufriu Sara , Saiz Albert , Blanco Yolanda , Martinez-Heras Eloy , Solana Elisabeth , Bäcker-Koduah Priscilla , Behrens Janina , Kuchling Joseph , Asseyer Susanna , Scheel Michael , Chien Claudia , Zimmermann Hanna , Motamedi Seyedamirhosein , Kauer-Bonin Josef , Brandt Alex , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Alexopoulos Leonidas G. , Paul Friedemann , Harbo Hanne F. , Shams Hengameh , Oksenberg Jorge , Uccelli Antonio , Baeza-Yates Ricardo , Villoslada Pablo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis patients would benefit from machine learning algorithms that integrates clinical, imaging and multimodal biomarkers to define the risk of disease activity.

Methods
We have analysed a prospective multi-centric cohort of 322 MS patients and 98 healthy controls from four MS centres, collecting disability scales at baseline and 2 years later. Imaging data included brain MRI and optical coherence tomography, and omics included genotyping, cytomics and phosphoproteomic data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Predictors of clinical outcomes were searched using Random Forest algorithms. Assessment of the algorithm performance was conducted in an independent prospective cohort of 271 MS patients from a single centre.

Results
We found algorithms for predicting confirmed disability accumulation for the different scales, no evidence of disease activity (NEDA), onset of immunotherapy and the escalation from low- to high-efficacy therapy with intermediate to high-accuracy. This accuracy was achieved for most of the predictors using clinical data alone or in combination with imaging data. Still, in some cases, the addition of omics data slightly increased algorithm performance. Accuracies were comparable in both cohorts.

Conclusion
Combining clinical, imaging and omics data with machine learning helps identify MS patients at risk of disability worsening.
Macular choroidal thickness, volume, and vascularity index in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Pieklarz Barbara , Gińdzieńska-Sieśkiewicz Ewa , Zawadzka Izabela , Bagrowska Magdalena , Daniluk Joanna , Palewski Marcin , Zonenberg Agnieszka , Kowal-Bielecka Otylia , Konopińska Joanna , Dmuchowska Diana Anna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate choroidal parameters in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SD-OCT) and to determine their relationships with clinical variables and ocular features.

Methods
Thirty-three patients with SSc and 40 controls were enrolled. The groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, and axial length. The mean choroidal thickness and volume were obtained in each conventional Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid subfield. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI), which provides a quantitative analysis of vasculature by calculating the proportion of the luminal area (LA) to the total choroidal area (TCA), was determined.

Results
Lower choroidal thickness and volume were observed in the SSc group. The CVI was significantly higher in SSc patients, whereas the TCA, LA, and stromal area were significantly lower in the SSc group; however, the significant difference of the stromal component was more pronounced than that of the luminal component. Regression analyses did not identify any clinical factors associated with the CVI (except Ca-blocker use), central macular thickness, or volume. No significant differences in choroidal parameters were found within the SSc subtypes (diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) vs. limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc)), or between eyes stratified according to SSc pattern (early, active, or late) using nailfold capillaroscopy (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion
Our results, with notably higher CVI values, may shed new light on choroidal impairment in patients with SSc. Stromal involvement appeared to dominate the vascular component.