bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brequinar inhibits African swine fever virus replication in vitro by activating ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Yang , Guo Yanchen , Chang Hao , Song Zebu , Wei Zhi , Huang Zhao , Zheng Zezhong , Zhang Guihong , Sun Yankuo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most fatal swine etiological agents and has a huge economic impact on the global pork industry. Given that no effective vaccines or anti-ASFV drugs are available, there remains a pressing need for novel anti-ASFV drugs. This study aimed to investigate the anti-African swine fever virus (ASFV) activity of brequinar, a DHODH inhibitor.

Methods
The anti-ASFV activity of brequinar was investigated using IFA, HAD, HAD50, qRT-PCR, and western blotting assays. The western blotting assay was used to investigate whether brequinar inhibits ASFV replication by killing ASFV particles directly or by acting on cell factors. The confocal microscopy and western blotting assays were used to investigate whether brequinar inhibits ASFV replication by activating ferroptosis.

Results
In this study, brequinar was found to effectively inhibit ASFV replication ex vivo in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in a dose-dependent manner. In kinetic studies, brequinar was found to maintain ASFV inhibition from 24 to 72 hpi. Mechanistically, the time-of-addition assay showed that brequinar exerted anti-ASFV activity in all treatment modes, including pre-, co-, and post-treatment rather than directly killing ASFV particles. Notably, FerroOrange, Mito-FerroGreen, and Liperfluo staining experiments showed that brequinar increased the accumulation of intracellular iron, mitochondrial iron, and lipid peroxides, respectively. Furthermore, we also found that ferroptosis agonist cisplatin treatment inhibited ASFV replication in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory effect of brequinar on ASFV was partially reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1, suggesting that brequinar activates ferroptosis to inhibit ASFV replication. Interestingly, exogenous uridine supplementation attenuated the anti-ASFV activity of brequinar, indicating that brequinar inhibits ASFV replication by inhibiting DHODH activity and the depletion of intracellular pyrimidine pools; however, the induction of ferroptosis by brequinar treatment was not reversed by exogenous uridine supplementation, suggesting that brequinar activation of ferroptosis is not related to the metabolic function of pyrimidines.

Conclusions
Our data confirm that brequinar displays potent antiviral activity against ASFV in vitro and reveal the mechanism by which brequinar inhibits ASFV replication by activating ferroptosis, independent of inhibiting pyrimidine synthesis, providing novel targets for the development of anti-ASFV drugs.
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside regulates estrogen receptor expression to ameliorate OVX-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Guofang , Chen Yansong , Hong Junyi , Gao Junwei , Xu Zhikun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a phytoestrogen that has been reported to improve postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) caused by estrogen deficiency. In our work, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of SDG in regulating the expressions of ERs on PMOP model rats.

Methods
Ovariectomization (OVX) was used to establish PMOP model in rats. The experiment was allocated to Sham, OVX, SDG and raloxifene (RLX) groups. After 12-week treatment, micro-CT was used to detect the transverse section of bone. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Safranine O-Fast Green staining were supplied to detect the femur pathological morphology of rats. Estradiol (E2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), bone formation and bone catabolism indexes in serum were detected using ELISA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was used to detect the osteogenic ability of chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to detect the protein expressions of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the femur of rats.

Results
Compared with the OVX group, micro-CT results showed SDG could lessen the injury of bone and improve femoral parameters, including bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Pathological results showed SDG could reduce pathological injury of femur in OVX rats. Meanwhile, SDG decreased the level of IL-6 and regulated bone formation and bone catabolism indexes. Besides, SDG increased the level of E2 and conversed OVX-induced decreased the expression of ERα and ERβ.

Conclusion
The treatment elicited by SDG in OVX rats was due to the reduction of injury and inflammation and improvement of bone formation index, via regulating the expression of E2 and ERs.
Trabecular bone score in type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies
Authors: Pan Runzhou , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yongcai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Bone fragility is a recognized complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, lower trabecular bone score (TBS) measurements in T1D patients can be predicted. However, the results of current studies on TBS in patients with T1D are inconsistent. In this context, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that T1D is associated with lower TBS through a meta-analysis.

Methods
An electronic search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Web of science databases to identify studies related to TBS and T1D, supplemented by an additional manual check of the reference list of relevant original and review articles. All data was analyzed using a random effects model. Results were compared using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Review Manager 5.4 software and Stata 17.0 software were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Seven cross-sectional studies involving 848 participants were included. TBS was lower in T1D patients than in healthy controls on random effects analysis, with no heterogeneity (SMD =  − 0.39, 95% CI [− 0.53, − 0.24], P < 0.001; I2 = 0%). In addition, by subgroup analysis, T1D patients were strongly associated with reduced TBS in different regions and age groups, and the results were independent of covariate adjustment.

Conclusion
This study showed that TBS was lower in patients with T1D than in healthy individuals with normal blood glucose levels, suggesting that TBS may be a useful measure to assess fracture risk in T1D.
Interpretable machine learning models for predicting venous thromboembolism in the intensive care unit: an analysis based on data from 207 centers
Authors: Guan Chengfu , Ma Fuxin , Chang Sijie , Zhang Jinhua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a severe complication in critically ill patients, often resulting in death and long-term disability and is one of the major contributors to the global burden of disease. This study aimed to construct an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for predicting VTE in critically ill patients based on clinical features and laboratory indicators.

Methods
Data for this study were extracted from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (version 2.0). A stepwise logistic regression model was used to select the predictors that were eventually included in the model. The random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and support vector machine algorithms were used to construct the model using fivefold cross-validation. The area under curve (AUC), accuracy, no information rate, balanced accuracy, kappa, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1 score were used to assess the model's performance. In addition, the DALEX package was used to improve the interpretability of the final model.

Results
This study ultimately included 109,044 patients, of which 1647 (1.5%) had VTE during ICU hospitalization. Among the three models, the Random Forest model (AUC: 0.9378; Accuracy: 0.9958; Kappa: 0.8371; Precision: 0.9095; F1 score: 0.8393; Sensitivity: 0.7791; Specificity: 0.9989) performed the best.

Conclusion
ML models can be a reliable tool for predicting VTE in critically ill patients. Among all the models we had constructed, the random forest model was the most effective model that helps the user identify patients at high risk of VTE early so that early intervention can be implemented to reduce the burden of VTE on the patients.
Benchmarking algorithms for joint integration of unpaired and paired single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data
Authors: Lee Michelle Y. Y. , Kaestner Klaus H. , Li Mingyao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) measures gene expression in single cells, while single-nucleus ATAC-sequencing (snATAC-seq) quantifies chromatin accessibility in single nuclei. These two data types provide complementary information for deciphering cell types and states. However, when analyzed individually, they sometimes produce conflicting results regarding cell type/state assignment. The power is compromised since the two modalities reflect the same underlying biology. Recently, it has become possible to measure both gene expression and chromatin accessibility from the same nucleus. Such paired data enable the direct modeling of the relationships between the two modalities. Given the availability of the vast amount of single-modality data, it is desirable to integrate the paired and unpaired single-modality datasets to gain a comprehensive view of the cellular complexity.

Results
We benchmark nine existing single-cell multi-omic data integration methods. Specifically, we evaluate to what extent the multiome data provide additional guidance for analyzing the existing single-modality data, and whether these methods uncover peak-gene associations from single-modality data. Our results indicate that multiome data are helpful for annotating single-modality data. However, we emphasize that the availability of an adequate number of nuclei in the multiome dataset is crucial for achieving accurate cell type annotation. Insufficient representation of nuclei may compromise the reliability of the annotations. Additionally, when generating a multiome dataset, the number of cells is more important than sequencing depth for cell type annotation.

Conclusions
Seurat v4 is the best currently available platform for integrating scRNA-seq, snATAC-seq, and multiome data even in the presence of complex batch effects.
Colitis-associated carcinogenesis: crosstalk between tumors, immune cells and gut microbiota
Authors: Li Junshu , Ji Yanhong , Chen Na , Dai Lei , Deng Hongxin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. One of the main causes of colorectal cancer is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), immune cells, and gut microbiota construct the main body of the colon and maintain colon homeostasis. In the development of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis, the damage, disorder or excessive recruitment of different cells such as IECs, IMCs, immune cells and intestinal microbiota play different roles during these processes. This review aims to discuss the various roles of different cells and the crosstalk of these cells in transforming intestinal inflammation to cancer, which provides new therapeutic methods for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and microbial therapy.
Activity of antimicrobial examination gloves under realistic conditions: challenge not fulfilled
Authors: Klupp Eva-Maria , Knobling Birte , Franke Gefion , Belmar Campos Cristina , Maurer Philipp M. , Knobloch Johannes K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial materials or surfaces are advertised as part of infection prevention bundles. However, the efficacy of such antimicrobial surfaces has not been sufficiently investigated in hospitals. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of examination gloves with light-activated antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive microorganisms was investigated modelling real live conditions.

Method
In a standardized experimental set-up with dry and realistic contamination, the antimicrobial properties of gloves claiming light dependent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive organisms were tested in comparison with conventional examination gloves. All gloves were contaminated through a standardized activity of the test persons for construction with contaminated building blocks. For contamination suspensions of Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057, Acinetobacter baumannii (outbreak strain), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 or E. faecium (VRE) patient isolate were dried on the surfaces. After the standardized activity, the gloves were held for 10 min in the light present in the room (bright conditions) and the grade of contamination was determined subsequently by quantitative culture. In one experimental series gloves were held in a dark box after contamination as a control (dark conditions).

Results
The light intensity in all experiments under bright conditions was significantly above the limit value specified by the manufacturer for the activation of antimicrobial properties (> 500 lx). The mean values for experiments with antimicrobial active and non-active gloves were 955 and 935 lx, respectively. As claimed by the manufacture, the gloves showed no sufficient efficacy against A. baumannii under bright conditions. Against Gram-positive microorganisms such as E. faecium, E. faecium (VRE) and methicillin resistant S. aureus the gloves showed only very low antimicrobial activity with a reduction factor < 1 log10 even after 10 min in bright conditions. Interestingly, comparable results for experiments with A. baumannii and E. faecium were shown under dark conditions.

Conclusion
The lack of activity of the active principle against Gram-negative microorganisms could be confirmed. The reduction factors of > 4 log10 within 5 min for Gram-positive microorganisms claimed for the product using a standard test procedure (ASTM D7907) could not be confirmed in a realistic experimental test set-up even after 10 min of light exposure. The effectiveness against Gram-positive microorganisms should be further investigated under realistic (dry) conditions, including patient care. At this stage, the use of supposedly antimicrobial gloves should not be recommended, as the belief in their efficacy may encourage the misuse of gloves.
A year at the forefront of plasmodesmal biology
Authors: Paterlini Andrea 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Cell–cell communication is a central feature of multicellular organisms, enabling division of labour and coordinated responses. Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined pores that provide regulated cytoplasmic continuity between plant cells, facilitating signalling and transport across neighboring cells. Plant development and survival profoundly depend on the existence and functioning of these structures, bringing them to the spotlight for both fundamental and applied research. Despite the rich conceptual and translational rewards in sight, however, the study of plasmodesmata poses significant challenges. This Review will mostly focus on research published between May 2022 and May 2023 and intends to provide a short overview of recent discoveries, innovations, community resources and hypotheses.
Ruminal Acidosis Part I: Clinical manifestations, epidemiology and impact of the disease
Authors: Voulgarakis N , Gougoulis D , Psalla D , Papakonstantinou G , Angelidou-Tsifida M , Papatsiros V , Athanasiou LV , Christodoulopoulos G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ruminal acidosis is presented as the most considerable nutritional disorder of ruminants with severe impacts in animal health, animal welfare and considerable economics losses in ovine and bovine herds. The disease can be distinguished as Acute (ARA) and Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA). SARA constitutes as the main nutritional disorder in intensive ruminant farming with several complications, such as liver abscesses, milk fat depression, reduced milk yield and early culling. This paper constitutes the first part of a thorough review about ruminal acidosis. The first part focuses on definition, types of ruminal acidosis, epidemiology, economic impacts and welfare implications.
On Strategic Measures and Optimality Properties in Discrete-Time Stochastic Control with Universally Measurable Policies
Authors: Yu Huizhen 
Published: October 2023

This paper concerns discrete-time infinite-horizon stochastic control systems with Borel state and action spaces and universally measurable policies. We study optimization problems on strategic measures induced by the policies in these systems. The results are then applied to risk-neutral and risk-sensitive Markov decision processes to establish the measurability of the optimal value functions and the existence of universally measurable, randomized or nonrandomized, ϵ-optimal policies, for a variety of average cost criteria and risk criteria. We also extend our analysis to a class of minimax control problems and establish similar optimality results under the axiom of analytic determinacy. Funding: This work was supported by grants from DeepMind, the Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (AMII), and Alberta Innovates-Technology Futures (AITF).
Diagonal-Schur complements of Nekrasov matrices
Authors: Wang Shiyun , Li Qi , Sun Xu , Lyu Zhenhua 
Published: October 2023

The Schur and diagonal-Schur complements are important tools in many fields. It was revealed that the diagonal-Schur complements of Nekrasov matrices with respect to the index set $\{1\}$ are Nekrasov matrices by Cvetkovic and Nedovic [Appl. Math. Comput., 208:225-230, 2009]. In this paper, we prove that the diagonal-Schur complements of Nekrasov matrices with respect to any index set are Nekrasov matrices. Similar results hold for $\Sigma$-Nekrasov matrices. We also present some results on Nekrasov diagonally dominant degrees. Numerical examples are given to verify the correctness of the results.
Causes and consequences of fever in Amazonian pregnant women: A large retrospective study from French Guiana
Authors: Hcini Najeh , Lambert Véronique , Picone Olivier , Carod Jean-Francois , Mathieu Mérédith , Cousin Romane , Akli Ferroudja , Carles Gabriel , Basurko Célia , Pomar Léo , Epelboin Loïc , Nacher Mathieu 
Published: October 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe different causes and consequences of fever during pregnancy in Western French Guiana and along the Maroni River.

Study design
A retrospective single-center study including all patients with a history of documented fever ≥ 38°C during pregnancy at the West French Guiana Hospital for 9 years. Postpartum fever and nosocomial infections were excluded. We focused on medical history and on clinical and biological findings. Causes were characterized as confirmed or uncertain and then classified as preventable or non-preventable.

Results
A total of 940 pregnant women who experienced at least one episode of fever were included and compared to 23,811 deliveries who occurred during the same period without documented fever. Among them, 43.7% (411/940) were in labor. About 3.7% (35/940) of febrile pregnant women had at least two episodes of fever, while 0.3% (3/940) had a coinfection at the time of diagnosis, resulting in a total of 978 febrile episodes. Among them, causes remained unknown or uncertain in 7.6% (75/978) and 0.9% (9/978) of cases, respectively. Among confirmed causes of fever throughout pregnancy (n = 483), the most common known cause was arbovirus infection (146/483, 30.2%), followed by urinary tract infection (134/483, 27.7%), chickenpox (27/483, 5.6%), and gastrointestinal (14/483, 2.9%) and pulmonary infections (10/483, 2%). Mothers with fever had a higher risk of cesarean section (19.8% vs 15.5%, aOR 1.3 [95% CI 1.14–1.6], stillbirth (5.5% versus 1.9%, aOR 2.7 [95% CI 2–3.7]), and preterm delivery < 34 weeks of gestation (7.2% vs 4.7%, aOR 1.5 [95% CI 1.2–2].

Conclusions
In the Amazon region, causes of fever are diverse and often associated with epidemic waves, notably arboviruses. This must be considered when exploring possible causes of fever during pregnancy in these localities, including fetal anomalies and/or fetal loss. Physicians should consider the epidemiological context and avoid generalizations. Given the impact of emergent agents such as arboviruses on pregnancy, particular attention must be paid to the epidemiological context. This study can also help clinicians when managing fever in pregnant travelers or in their partner after having visited exposed areas. In this context, fetal abnormalities and adverse obstetric outcomes should be explored accordingly.
Assessing the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems using interpersonal scenarios depicting rejection
Authors: Janovsky Thomas , Rock Adam J. , Thorsteinsson Einar B. , Clark Gavin I. , Polad Valerie , Cosh Suzanne 
Published: October 2023

Background
Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been theorised to contribute to reoccurring interpersonal problems. This study developed a novel experimental paradigm that aimed to assess if EMSs moderate the impact of interpersonal situations on interpersonal responses by manipulating the degree of rejection in a series of interpersonal vignettes depicting acceptance, ambiguous rejection and rejection.

Method
In a sample of 158 first-year psychology students (27.2% male; 72.2% female; 0.6% other) participant responses to interpersonal scenarios were measured including degree of perceived rejection, emotional distress, conviction in varying cognitive appraisals consistent with attribution theory and behavioural responses to scenarios. Qualitative data was analysed using inductive content analysis and statistical analyses were conducted using multi-level mixed effect linear and logistic regression models using the software Jamovi.

Results
People reporting higher EMSs reported increased emotional distress (F(1, 156) = 24.85, p < .001), perceptions of rejection (F(1, 156) = 34.33, p < .001), self-blame (F(1, 156) = 53.25, p < .001), other-blame (F(1, 156) = 13.16, p < .001) and more intentional (F(1, 156) = 9.24, p = .003), stable (F(1, 156) = 25.22, p < .001) and global (F(1, 156) = 19.55, p < .001) attributions but no differences in reported behavioural responses. The results also supported that EMSs moderate the relationship between interpersonal rejection and perceptions of rejection (F(2, 1252) = 18.43, p < .001), emotional distress (F(2, 1252) = 12.64, p < .001) and self-blame (F(2, 1252) = 14.00, p < .001).

Conclusion
Together these findings suggest that people with EMSs experience increased distress and select negative cognitions in situations where there are higher levels of rejection but that distress and negative cognitions are generally higher in people with EMSs irrespective of the situation.