bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nozzle arrangement on heat dissipation performance and mechanical efficiency loss of bionic texture gear
Authors: Zhang Ziqiang , Li Junye , Zou Tiangang , Hou Wei , An Yuanyuan , Liu Jianhe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Friction and wear are key issues in gear meshing. Lubrication, therefore, is used to reduce heat. The position and direction of the flow of the lubrication determined by the way the nozzles are injecting the fluid and by the texture on the flanks of the teeth, both have an influence on the heat transfer. Furthermore, the geometric characteristics of the tooth texture influences the friction behaviour directly. This article presents investigations on the impact of the tooth texture on wear. A proposal to prepare the tooth flanks with arc shaped grooves is made presenting the manufacturing process. Different measurements to determine the tooth flank texture and the friction are performed. Measurements showed that the arc groove gear had lower friction coefficients, wear depth, surface roughness Ra, and maximum tooth profile peak height Rq compared to conventional gears. The dynamic process of gear meshing is simulated by FEM analysis to understand the physics of heat flow and friction in detail, which revealed that the arc groove gear had reduced sliding distance, contact pressure, and wear depth, along with a higher convective heat transfer coefficient. Based on the measurement results of orthogonal test, two different nozzle arrangements are predicted: one is linear regression prediction (nozzle arrangement (A), and the other is nonlinear particle swarm optimization neural network prediction (nozzle arrangement (B). By measuring the torque loss value under the two nozzle arrangement conditions, it is found that the nozzle arrangement B is the best arrangement. The specific parameters are: injection distance is 56.0674 mm, injection angle is 8.4527°, nozzle diameter is 3.3955 mm, and pinion speed is 3000 r min−1. Under this condition, the mechanical efficiency loss is reduced by 94.48%.
Demonstration of GaN HEMT with Cu-based Ti/TiN/Cu Ohmic metal and TiN/Cu gate metal: comparison with Au-based device
Authors: Chang Bei Rong , Yang Chih Yi , Dee Chang-Fu , Chang Edward Yi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on silicon substrate was utilized Cu-based metal for the ohmic contacts (Source and Drain terminals) and the Schottky contact (Gate terminal) as part of the metallization process. Furthermore, the same epi-wafer was used in this study to fabricate Au-based HEMTs, which served as control samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis comparing Ti/TiN/Cu ohmic contacts of Cu-based HEMT to Control sample. The Au-based Ohmic contact forms rough surfaces, discrete TiN islands, and defects in the AlGaN layer, potentially degrading device reliability. The Cu-based Ohmic contact features a smooth surface, minimal defects in the AlGaN layer, a stable Ti/TiN interface, and effective prevention of Cu diffusion, enhancing device reliability and scalability. The specific contact resistance (ρ
c) of the Cu-based and Au-based ohmic contact metals produced in this study were 6.68 × 10−6 Ω-cm2 (2.04 Ω mm−1) and 9.64 × 10−6 Ω-cm2 (2.06 Ω mm−1), respectively. In addition, compared with the Cu-based and Au-based HEMT components in this study, the Cu-based HEMT, which used TiN/Cu Gate metal, exhibited excellent electrical characteristics (IDS: 1023 mA mm−1, Gm: 570 mS mm−1). Through reliability testing, it was confirmed that the Cu-based Gate metal does not cause Vth shift or affect IDS. The fT and fmax of the Cu-based HEMT were 33.0 GHz and 99.6 GHz, respectively, which were 12.6 GHz (61.8%) and 26.1 GHz (35.5%) higher than the fT and fmax of the control sample (Au-based HEMT). This increase demonstrated that the Cu-based HEMT achieved higher switching speeds, enhancing its suitability for high-frequency applications. The Cu-based HEMT components achieved the same characteristics as Au-based HEMT components under frequency measurements. In future development of low-cost systems, copper-based HEMT components will play an important economic role.
Agencies of transition: why German coal workers are not accepting an energy transition despite social provisions
Authors: Kleinheisterkamp-González Nicole 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the complexities of Germany’s energy transition, focusing on coal workers and their unions. Drawing from labor geography, the article examines how workers navigate the challenges of the coal phase-out. Despite strong union representation, co-determination rights, and negotiated economic provisions, coal workers express significant concerns about industry restructuring. These concerns are categorized into two main areas: personal futures and the broader societal impacts of the transition. Workers fear deindustrialization, social decline, and an exacerbation of austerity effects, leading to a prevalent rejection of Germany’s green transition. Additionally, a rightward political shift has been observed, which is linked to fears of social decline. This study highlights the importance of considering these factors in policy discussions, advocating for a just transition that addresses both the immediate material anxieties and the broader societal impacts experienced by workers.
Power: A Foundational Look
Authors: Jacques Keilah A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although power is often conceptualized as the ability to influence, define, and determine; systems of power, as a concept, speaks to the sociopolitical agreements of populations and the interconnected actions of power players. A personal and professional orientation to how power is used, shifts, challenges, and changes requires an explicit connection to the construction of power at the micro-, meso- (mezzo), and macro-levels. It also requires attention to the role power imbalances play in creating inequities across the social determinants of health. This chapter uses a sociocultural perspective to show how power is constructed through ideology, culture, and codes and builds a conceptual framework for seeing, naming, and reimagining orientations to power. In doing so, this chapter challenges instructors, practitioners, and researchers to reflect on how power influences their own pedagogy practices and provides a scaffolding for analyzing the sociopolitical systems and structures that form the context for illness and health.
Examining the Coin of Privilege in Health and Healthcare
Authors: Phenix Angie , Smith Meredith , Beavers Lindsay , Nixon Stephanie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In discussions of equity, inclusion, and diversity in healthcare, we often frame the problem to be addressed as marginalized individuals or communities. Furthermore, we typically fail to recognize that the same systems that bring harm to the health of some also actively benefit the health of others. The “coin model of privilege and critical allyship” seeks to address this misunderstanding and offers a basis for a more coherent power analysis by translating core concepts in antioppression that relocate the problems to be addressed as (1) systems of oppression and (2) the complicity of people in positions of unearned advantage in upholding these unjust systems. First, we introduce the coin model as the basis for building a more coherent power analysis. Second, we use ideas in the coin model to illustrate how actions we take in the health sphere can help move us all toward transformation as opposed to reentrenching it.
Privilege and Intersectionality Frameworks in Public Health
Authors: Bauer Greta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While health education and research have increasingly included a role for stigma and discrimination in impacting health, two additional theoretical frameworks have the potential to expand our understanding of how social power shapes health. These concepts are social privilege and intersectionality. Privilege is conceptualized as not simply the absence of stigma and discrimination but, rather, as taking seven forms. Intersectionality explains why a position that is generally privileged or marginalized may not, in fact, be so when considered in relation to other social positions in specific social contexts. This chapter provides a set of thinking tools for those in public health research, health promotion, health education, and health systems. These tools can assist us in better incorporating understandings of how systems of social power pattern the public’s health in different ways for those whose lives are lived out at different intersectional social locations.
Orienting Public Health Pedagogy: Using Anti-oppression Tools for Teaching Privilege and Health
Authors: Jacques Keilah , aqil anushka , Lee Krystal , Mooney Graham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Public health is at a critical juncture of grappling with systemic oppression and its negative impact on health and well-being; however, public health students are not being systematically taught how to name and dismantle these systems of oppression. Recent studies have identified some of the reasons for this gap in public health curriculum and pedagogy, which include faculty feeling unprepared to hold space for and facilitate conversations on these topics. This chapter defines anti-oppression practices as an organizing method for public health pedagogy. The authors provide guidance on how instructors can wield the tools of anti-oppressive pedagogy. Further, it provides guidance on how to use anti-oppression and design courses that help students understand privilege and health. Recommended pedagogy tools include structural competence, transgressive teaching, competency-based learning, and critical praxis; curriculum tools include critical reflection, experiential learning, and collaborative teaching and learning.
Inclusive Classroom and Evaluation Activities
Authors: Morales Eric César , Dean Lorraine T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Examining privilege includes refusing to maintain an academic distance from the subject and engaging in deliberate self-reflection of one’s own positionality. We must commit to walking in that understanding for each stage of health research. This chapter offers practical illustrative exercises that require us to first acknowledge our privileged roles and account for them in the research we do. Exercises include ones that have been previously documented in the literature for public health practitioners and trainees, as well as examples that the book’s coauthors have used in their courses. This chapter also addresses commonly suggested activities that may create unintended harm (e.g., “stepping into the circle”) and offer alternatives that, in turn, seek to build coalitions that dismantle systems of privilege.
Localized chilling of crowns promotes floral bud differentiation in strawberry transplants in a closed transplant production system
Authors: Shin Jaewook , Cui Meiyan , Lee Hyein , Lee Byungkwan , Myung Jeesang , Na Haeyoung , Chun Changhoo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A stable supply of transplants with floral buds is required to improve the initial yield of the June-bearing cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). A closed transplant production system (CTPS) enables year-round production to meet the demands for the year-round production of strawberries in plant factories. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a novel method involving the localized chilling of strawberry crowns using silicone tubes containing circulated chilled water at different temperatures (10, 15, or 20°C) at the nighttime and different chilling regimes (daytime, nighttime, or entire day) under high air temperature conditions in a CTPS in terms of floral bud differentiation. We observed that 4 weeks of localized chilling at 10 or 15oC during the nighttime under the air temperature of 25/20°C (photo-/dark periods) and a photoperiod of 10 h promoted floral bud differentiation, whereas 6 weeks of localized chilling under the same conditions inhibited differentiation. Moreover, 4 weeks of localized chilling at 5oC during the daytime or entire day under the elevated air temperatures of 28/21°C and an extended photoperiod of 14 h promoted floral bud differentiation, and 6 weeks of localized chilling during the entire day under the same conditions further promoted bud differentiation compared with that in the control. Plant growth was generally unaffected by the localized chilling of the crowns. The results indicate that to cope with the impacts of elevated air temperature and photoperiod conditions, the continuous localized chilling of crowns at 5oC during the entire day for 6 weeks must be used to achieve optimal bud differentiation. These findings suggest the effectiveness of the localized chilling of the crowns for floral bud differentiation in strawberry in CTPSs, without disrupting the high-air temperature and long-day conditions required for vegetative growth.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Hyaluronic Acid-Base Dermal Filler With Tri-Hyal Technology to Enhance Lip Volume
Authors: Kestemont Philippe , Fanian Ferial , Garcia Philippe , Grand-Vincent Anne , Benadiba Laurent , Delmar Henry , Bodokh Isaac , Brun Patrick , Braccini Frédéric , Desouches Christophe , Paris Jérôme , Guimiot Ismahane , Salomon Catherine , Trévidic Patrick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Interventions to enhance lip volume and shape are common aesthetic procedures to counter signs of ageing.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Art Filler Lips (AFL), with or without retouching, at restoring lip shape and volume, tolerability and persistence over 18 months.

Methods
During this open-label study, AFL (≤2.0 mL) was injected into the upper, lower and/or both red lips and borders at baseline (D0). Subjects were evaluated at D21, when, if necessary, retouching was performed. Subjects were evaluated at D42, D90, D180, D270, D360, D450 and D540. The primary assessment was based on evaluation at D21 using the Medicis Lip Fullness Scale (MLFS). Satisfactory volume restoration was defined as an improvement of ≥1 point versus D0. Secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs), and investigator- and subject-satisfaction rates based on Global Aesthetic Improvement Scores.

Results
Among 73 patients (97% female; 54.4±10.5 years), 56% of lips were injected without any retouch. Mean MLFS scores either for upper and lower lips separately or together, significantly improved by D21 for the subjects without retouching or D42 for those with (all p&lt;0.0001). At D21/42, 99% of upper lips, 94% of lower lips and 96% of both lips showed satisfactory volume restoration. This proportion declined between D21/42 and D540. The most reported immediate AEs were swelling, sensitivity and pain and were mild to moderate, lasting less than 2 weeks.

Conclusions
AFL is well tolerated and produces a sustained objective and subjective lip volume restoration and shape.
Effects of hydrophobic drug incorporation on cubosome-cell membrane model interactions
Authors: Wakileh Ward , Watanabe Nozomi Morishita , Amatsu Yuki , Umakoshi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The impact of incorporating drug molecules into lipid carriers needs to be examined when investigating the interactions between carriers and cell membranes. In this work, we investigate the effects of loading of the drug, hydrocortisone, on the interactions of monoolein cubosomes with POPC cell membrane models (liposomes). Through the examination of the cubic structure and membrane, we elucidate the influence of the drug loading on the interaction. While the incorporation of the hydrocortisone did not alter the duration and kinetics of the cubic to lamellar phase transition, the membrane property analysis using Laurdan fluorescence probes showed slower kinetics in the drug loaded cubosomes. This implies that the rate of lipid exchange between carriers and cell membranes was suppressed in the presence of drug molecules. Such implication is important to consider when designing cubosomes as drug delivery carriers as it can affect factors such as their in-vivo performance and drug uptake.
On the origin of an insular hybrid butterfly lineage
Authors: Boman Jesper , Nolen Zachary J , Backström Niclas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new species can form through hybridization between species. Hybrid speciation in animals has been intensely debated, partly because hard evidence for the process has been difficult to obtain. Here, we report the discovery of a European hybrid butterfly lineage, a finding that can be considered surprising given the intense and long-term study of European butterflies. The lineage we describe is mainly inhabiting an island in the Baltic Sea and was previously designated as a subspecies (horkei) of one of the parental species (Aricia artaxerxes). By analyzing whole-genome resequencing data and developing a novel cluster analysis based on historical recombination events (Fisher junctions), we determine that horkei originated by hybridization between the nonsister species A. artaxerxes and A. agestis. This hybridization event occurred approximately 54,000 years ago, predating the last glaciation of the current distribution range. Horkei must therefore have persisted long enough to be able to colonize its current range, despite that this area lies between the current distributions of the parental species. The hybrid origin, the maintenance of genomic integrity across times of dramatic climate change, and the expression of a combination of parental traits suggest that horkei could be in the process of hybrid speciation.
The association of physical function and physical performance with DNA methylation clocks in oldest-old living in Singapore - the SG90 cohort
Authors: Tay Jianhua , Wang Weilan , Guan Lihuan , Dorajoo Rajkumar , Feng Lei , Kennedy Brian K , Chong Yap Seng , Ng Tze Pin , Koh Woon-Puay , Maier Andrea B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation (DNAm) clocks estimate biological age according to DNA methylation. This study investigated the associations between measures of physical function and physical performance and ten DNAm clocks in the oldest-old in Singapore.
The SG90 cohort included a subset of community-dwelling oldest-old from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) and Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS). Physical function and performance were assessed using Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go (TUG), handgrip strength, normal gait speed, SPPB fast gait speed (FGS), and. DNAm age from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was measured using 18 DNAm clocks, including first generation clocks (PCHorvath1, PCHorvath2, PCHannum, AltumAge, ENCen100+, ENCEN40+, IntrinClock, RetroAgev1 and RetroAgev2) second and third generation clocks (PCPhenoAge, PCGrimAge, GrimAge2, ZhangMRscore, DNAmFitAge and DunedinPACE) and causality-enriched clocks (YingCausAge, YingAdaptAge, YingDamAge). Linear regression was used to analyse associations. The 433 oldest-old individuals had a median age of 88.6 years [87.5; 90.4] and were predominantly Chinese (95.6%) and female (60.3%). Better performance in IADL, WHODAS, SPPB, SPPB FGS and balance were associated with lower GrimAge2 after adjustment for age, sex, and smoking status (pAdj&lt;0.05). GrimAge2 outperformed other DNAm clocks after adjustment for DNAm smoking-pack-years and DNAm-based cell compositions.
Better physical function and physical performance were associated with lower DNAm age deviation and pace of ageing. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to explore biological mechanisms underlying these observed associations.
Association of depression dimensions with cognitive functioning in community-dwelling oldest old adults: The LifeAfter90 study
Authors: Soleimani Laili , Hirst Andrew , Gilsanz Paloa , Whitmer Rachel A , Corrada Maria M , Beeri Michal S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The oldest old adults (90+) constitute the fastest growing demographic at highest dementia risk among older adults. Depression, a common risk factor, inherently presents with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Here, we explored the associations of the predominant depression dimensions with cognition in the LifeAfter90 study.

Methods
The LifeAfter90 study consists of racially/ethnically diverse community-dwelling adults of &gt;90. Cognitive assessments measured episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function. Baseline depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 item (GDS-15), yielding dimensions of Dysphoria, Withdrawal-Apathy -Vigor (WAV), Anxiety, Hopelessness and Subjective Memory Complaint (SMC)). We used generalized linear mixed models to explore associations between depression dimensions, and cognitive outcomes at baseline and over time adjusting for demographic factors.

Results
The cohort (n = 960, mean age 92.4± 2.3 years, 61.56% female) was very racially and ethnically diverse with 27% of participants identifying as White, 24% as Asian, 23% as Black, and 19% as Latino. Common complaints included not identifying as “full of energy” (52.45%), preference to “stay home” (46.31%) and “dropped activity” (40.0%) and 25% reported SMC. Depression dimensions showed distinct associations with cognitive outcomes: SMC correlated with worse global cognition, executive function, and verbal episodic memory (all ps &lt; 0.0001). Hopelessness was associated with worse executive function (p &lt; 0.001). Over 1.2 years, baseline hopelessness showed a trend for faster decline in episodic memory (β = -0.22; p = 0.035).

Discussion
In the oldest old, specific dimensions like SMC and hopelessness, may help identify individuals at high risk for cognitive decline in this highly vulnerable population.
The impact of stepfamily structure on older parents’ frequency of contact with and care receipt from adult biological and stepchildren in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Pas Suzan , van Tilburg Theo G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Older people are increasingly entering their later years in stepfamilies. Because adult children play a central role in older parents’ support networks, there is concern that the generally weaker intergenerational ties found in stepfamilies may imply an impending deficit in the care available to stepparents. It is currently unclear whether there are differences across stepfamily types including stepfamilies with only biological children. The aim of the study is to examine whether there are differences in contact frequency with and care receipt from adult biological and stepchildren in biological and different types of stepfamilies.

Methods
Data are from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (1992-2022; ten observations); respondents’ ages varied between 54 and 101. An average of 3.7 observations are available from 2,761 parents in biological families and 647 parents in stepfamilies.

Results
Parents in biological families and in stepfamilies with joint children had more contact than in other stepfamily types. There was less contact in stepfamilies with biological and stepchildren formed in midlife and in families with only stepchildren. There were small differences in care receipt; the lowest likelihood was in composite families.

Discussion
Our study challenges the idea that the relationships of the adult child to older parents in all stepfamilies are weaker than in biological families and point to the importance of considering that only some stepfamilies are vulnerable in terms of contact frequency. We query whether stepfamilies are resilient, for example, to greater pressures from a sharp increase in care needs for one or both parents.