bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is thoron a problem in radon measurements with NRPB/SSI passive radon detectors—experimental study
Authors: Wasikiewicz J M , Dimitrova I , Ibrahimi Z-F , Georgiev S , Mitev K , Daraktchieva Z 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The UKHSA radon detectors with polyallyldiglycol carbonate sensing material produced from 2010 onward were used to confirm that they are purely radon detectors only with negligible interference from thoron presence. The statistical analysis of results, after following standard detector processing procedures, showed that such devices can only detect 2.4% ± 0.3% of the total thoron activity concentration compared to the calibrated reference device. It was also demonstrated that thoron, unlike radon, can only travel a very short distance from the source to be effectively measured. Based on the above, it has been concluded that interference of thoron in radon measurement is negligible (within the statistical measurement error), and hence can be ignored in standard indoor and outdoor measurements.
Online Hearing Voices Peer Support Groups: Assessing Feasibility and Acceptability within UK NHS Settings
Authors: Branitsky Alison , Bowe Samantha , Morrison Anthony P , Longden Eleanor , Bucci Sandra , Mulligan Lee D , Varese Filippo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
User-led hearing voices groups (HVGs) have existed for the past 40 years, but little research has been conducted into if and how this approach can be implemented in statutory mental health settings, and whether they can be delivered effectively when held online. The aim of this study was to conduct a feasibility and acceptability trial of an online HVG for the UK National Health Service (NHS) users who hear voices, to inform a future larger-scale trial.

Methods
A mixed-methods non-randomised feasibility study of an online HVG was conducted with nine participants. Participants attended weekly online meetings for six months, and completed measures of social connectedness, voice hearing, personal recovery, as well as semi-structured interviews, at baseline and 6-months follow-up. Primary outcomes were qualitative and quantitative assessments of feasibility and acceptability.

Results
38 participants were referred to the trial, nine of whom were recruited (100% of target sample). The trial had high retention (100%) and engagement (mean = 13.2 groups attended). Participants reported positive features of attending this digital intervention, with 85% reporting it was helpful to meet other voice hearers, that the group helped them make sense of voice hearing experiences, that they received positive messages about recovery, and that the group represented a form of support they could not get elsewhere.

Discussion
The findings indicate it is feasible and acceptable to run an online HVG within an NHS setting. A larger trial is needed to further investigate the utility, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of running online HVGs in the NHS.
Family background and life cycle earnings volatility: evidence from brother correlations in Denmark, Germany, and the United States
Authors: Gioachin Filippo , Karlson Kristian Bernt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While stratification scholars have extensively examined intergenerational associations in lifetime income, they have mostly disregarded how family background affects exposure to income volatility over the life course. As exposure to volatility represents a non-desirable outcome associated with negative shocks to individuals’ welfare, studying the link between family background and volatility is key to further advancing the understanding of how family-based inequalities impact lifelong economic prospects. This article fills this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the role of family background in shaping exposure to earnings volatility across the life course in Denmark, Germany, and the United States. We find that brother correlations in volatility exposure—a broad measure of family background’s impact—are much lower in Denmark than in Germany and the United States. Further analyses indicate that in Germany and the United States, family background exerts a considerable influence particularly around the period of occupational maturity, while in Denmark, its impact remains consistent over time. We also find that family background impacts volatility exposure net of individuals’ position in the overall earnings distribution, indicating that family background has a direct impact on volatility experiences and thus constitutes a nonnegligible component in intergenerational inequality.
Exploring the molecular interface of gene expression dynamics and prostate cancer susceptibility in response to HBCD exposure
Authors: Ni Ying , Wang Wenkai , Jiang Lihua , Shao Qinghua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), a brominated flame retardant, is linked to various health implications, including prostate cancer. This study explored the molecular mechanisms and potential biomarkers associated with HBCD exposure using data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 7,147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 46 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, with significant enrichment in cancer-related pathways and xenobiotic metabolism. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and enrichment analyses revealed four hub genes: DNAJC12, PKMYT1, RRM2, and SLC12A5. These genes displayed notable expression changes in response to HBCD exposure and were strongly correlated with survival outcomes in prostate cancer patients, as demonstrated by Cox regression and ROC curve analyses. Additionally, miRNA correlation analyses indicated robust positive associations, highlighting a coordinated regulatory network. Experimental expression analyses on HBCD-treated cell lines further validated these findings. This study sheds light on the significant impact of HBCD on gene and miRNA expression in prostate cancer, emphasizing the potential of the identified hub genes and miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. By elucidating the pathways and regulatory networks influenced by HBCD, the findings provide a foundation for developing strategies to mitigate its carcinogenic effects and improve outcomes for prostate cancer patients.
Developmental immunotoxicity study of tris(chloropropyl) phosphate in Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats exposed through dosed feed
Authors: Johnson Victor J , Ryan Kristen , Luster Michael I , Pandiri Arun , Hobbie Kristen , Cora Michelle , Shockley Keith R , Burleson Gary R , Xie Guanhua , Germolec Dori R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) is a member of organophosphate flame retardants used commonly as a replacement for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in consumer and commercial products. Flame retardants have been shown to modulate immune function in vivo and in vitro and there is evidence that at least some related compounds such as organophosphate pesticides can cause developmental immunotoxicity. Developmental immunotoxicology studies were conducted by administering 0, 2500, 5000, or 10,000 ppm TCPP in feed to pregnant Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats from gestation day 6 through weaning on postnatal day 28. Feed exposure to TCPP was continued in the F1 offspring until terminal euthanasia at ∼16 to 21 weeks of age when assessments for developmental immunotoxicity were conducted. Innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immune function were assessed in the F1 adults. The antibody-forming cells (AFCs) response to sheep red blood cells was reduced in male and female F1 rats in the 10,000 ppm treatment group but coincided with reduced bodyweights. The AFC response was also significantly reduced in male rats exposed to 5000 ppm where only moderate effects on bodyweights occurred. TCPP exposure affected baseline T-cell proliferation without stimulation; however, the relevance of this change for immunotoxicity risk is unknown. TCPP exposure did not affect cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Only minor and inconsistent treatment-related effects on hematology, innate NK cell function, and immune cell population distributions in the spleen were observed. Taken together, these data indicate that TCPP has the potential to impact humoral immune responses following developmental exposure.
Essential components and validation of multi-specialty robotic surgical training curricula: a systematic review
Authors: Walshaw Josephine , Fadel Michael G , Boal Matthew , Yiasemidou Marina , Elhadi Muhammed , Pecchini Francesca , Carrano Francesco Maria , Massey Lisa H , Fehervari Matyas , Khan Omar , Antoniou Stavros A , Nickel Felix , Perretta Silvana , Fuchs Hans F , Hanna George B , Francis Nader K , Kontovounisios Christos 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
The rapid adoption of robotic surgical systems has overtook the development of standardised training and competency assessment for surgeons, resulting in an unmet educational need in this field. This systematic review aims to identify the essential components and evaluate the validity of current robotic training curricula across all surgical specialties.

Methods:
A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Emcare, and CINAHL databases was conducted to identify studies reporting on multi-specialty or specialty-specific surgical robotic training curricula, between January 2000 and January 2024. We extracted data according to Kirkpatrick’s curriculum evaluation model and Messick’s concept of validity. The quality of studies was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI).

Results:
From the 3,687 studies retrieved, 66 articles were included. The majority of studies were single-centre (n = 52, 78.8%) and observational (n = 58, 87.9%) in nature. The most commonly reported curriculum components included didactic teaching (n = 48, 72.7%), dry laboratory skills (n = 46, 69.7%), and virtual reality (VR) simulation (n = 44, 66.7%). Curricula assessment methods varied, including direct observation (n = 44, 66.7%), video assessment (n = 26, 39.4%), and self-assessment (6.1%). Objective outcome measures were used in 44 studies (66.7%). None of the studies were fully evaluated according to Kirkpatrick’s model, and five studies (7.6%) were fully evaluated according to Messick’s framework. The studies were generally found to have moderate methodological quality with a median MERSQI of 11.

Conclusions:
Essential components in robotic training curricula identified include didactic teaching, dry laboratory skills, and VR simulation. However, variability in assessment methods used and notable gaps in curricula validation remain evident. This highlights the need for standardised, evidence-based development, evaluation, and reporting of robotic curricula to ensure the effective and safe adoption of robotic surgical systems.
Effect of parecoxib on postoperative delirium in patients with hyperlipidemia: a randomized, double-blind, single-center, superiority trial
Authors: Daojun Zeng , Yuling Tang , Yingzhe Xu , Kowark Ana , Coburn Mark , Yue Zhao , Qixin Zhang , Daiying Zhang , Tao Peng , Xiaoxia Duan 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Hyperlipidemia has been implicated in the higher risk of developing postoperative delirium. Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 mediates neuroinflammatory processes in postoperative delirium. This study aims to investigate whether preoperative administration of parecoxib is more efficient than a placebo in averting postoperative delirium in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Materials and methods:
In this randomized, double-blind, superiority trial, participants with hyperlipidemia were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive parecoxib (40 mg parecoxib administered intravenously before anesthesia induction) or placebo (normal saline). The primary outcome was postoperative delirium incidence within three days, with a 5.4% difference set as the superiority threshold. Secondary outcomes were cumulative incidences of emergence delirium and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 levels, inflammatory cell counts, and pain score on postoperative day 1 and postoperative adverse events.

Results:
This trial conducted between August 2023 and August 2024 at a tertiary hospital in China included 452 adults with hyperlipidemia, with 226 in the parecoxib group and 226 in the placebo group. The incidence of postoperative delirium in the parecoxib group was 13.72%, a reduction of 12.39% compared to the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.491; 95% confidence interval: 0.318 to 0.759; P < 0.001). The parecoxib group also had a lower incidence of emergence delirium, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 levels, white blood cell counts and neutrophil, and pain scores on postoperative day 1. The occurrence of adverse events was comparable between the two groups. Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 expression levels, white blood cell counts, and pain scores mediated the reduction of postoperative delirium incidence by parecoxib.

Conclusion:
Parecoxib may help in reducing the hyperlipidemia-related postoperative delirium incidence. The effective anti-inflammatory activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 inhibition by parecoxib and postoperative pain control may be important mechanisms for preventing postoperative delirium.
Your artificial intelligence will see you now: Why nurse practitioners remain irreplaceable
Authors: Gleasman-DeSimone Sara 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed health care. Artificial intelligence technologies, such as advanced imaging algorithms, diagnostic tools, and mental health chatbots, have revolutionized patient care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment plans, and streamlining administrative tasks. However, despite these advancements, AI falls short in areas where nurse practitioners (NPs) excel. Nurse practitioners possess essential human attributes such as empathy, nuanced understanding, and ethical reasoning that AI cannot currently replicate. They excel at recognizing subtle mood changes, understanding social determinants of health, and navigating complex ethical dilemmas. I argue that although AI can support and enhance health care delivery, it cannot replace the indispensable human touch provided by NPs. The irreplaceable role of NPs in offering holistic, compassionate care underscores the need for a balanced integration of AI, to ensure it complements rather than replaces the human elements crucial to effective patient care.
An updated review of pulmonary radiological features of acute and chronic pulmonary COVID-19
Authors: Tcheroyan Raya , Makhoul Peter , Simpson Scott 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the acute and chronic clinical and radiological manifestations of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). This article provides an updated review on pulmonary COVID-19, while highlighting the key imaging features that can identify and distinguish acute COVID-19 pneumonia and its chronic sequelae from other diseases.

Recent findings
Acute COVID-19 pneumonia typically presents with manifestations of organizing pneumonia on computed tomography (CT). In cases of severe disease, patients clinically progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which manifests as diffuse alveolar damage on CT. The most common chronic imaging finding is ground-glass opacities, which commonly resolves, as well as subpleural bands and reticulation. Pulmonary fibrosis is an overall rare complication of COVID-19, with characteristic features, including architectural distortion, and traction bronchiectasis.

Summary
Chest CT can be a helpful adjunct tool in both diagnosing and managing acute COVID-19 pneumonia and its chronic sequelae. It can identify high-risk cases and guide decision-making, particularly in cases of severe or complicated disease. Follow-up imaging can detect persistent lung abnormalities associated with long COVID and guide appropriate management.
Impact of the Amount of Intravenous Glucose Administration on Hospitalization for Acute Gastroenteritis in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Santamaria Christina , Péloquin Fannie , Mousseau Sarah , Gravel Jocelyn 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
In case of failure of oral rehydration, children with acute gastroenteritis can be hydrated using intravenous (IV) solution. The choice of the intravenous solution itself (solutions containing dextrose versus crystalloids alone) and the glucose quantities to administer are not well established.

Objectives:
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the amount of intravenous glucose provided and hospitalization for children with acute gastroenteritis. Another objective was to evaluate practice variation regarding the amount of glucose provided for IV rehydration in a pediatric emergency department (ED).

Method:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2019 to 2022 in a Canadian pediatric ED. We included children with acute gastroenteritis undergoing IV rehydration. Patient with hypoglycemia, metabolic disease, or diabetes were excluded. The IV glucose administered during the initial 4 hours of rehydration was quantified. The primary outcome was hospitalization, and return visit within the following week was a secondary outcome. Ten percent of the charts were evaluated in duplicate to assess interrater reliability. We examined glucose distribution at 1 and 4 hours and utilized multiple logistic regression to relate glucose amounts with hospitalization and second visit, accounting for age, weight, bicarbonate levels, ondansetron use, and amount of liquid infused. It was estimated that the evaluation of 250 cases would have at least 50 admissions.

Results:
Among 6939 children evaluated for potential acute gastroenteritis, 250 met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. All variables included in the analysis had excellent interrater reliability. Notable variations existed in glucose quantities provided, both at 1 hour (first quartile, 87 mg/kg; third quartile, 294 mg/kg) and 4 hours (first quartile, 681 mg/kg; third quartile, 1174 mg/kg) of rehydration. Multiple logistic regression showed a negative association between hospitalization and glucose administration during the initial hour (OR for each 100 mg/kg increment, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42–0.84) and 4 hours (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63–0.91) of rehydration. Moreover, children who received more dextrose during the first hour of rehydration were less likely of having a return visit (OR for each 100 mg/kg increment: 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35–0.78), as well as during the first 4 hours (OR for each 100 mg/kg increment, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73–0.94).

Conclusions:
There was a wide practice variation in intravenous glucose provided to children with acute gastroenteritis. In this population, higher intravenous glucose amount was associated to a lower risk of hospitalization and lower risk of return visit.
Accuracy of Visual Estimation of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Compared With Echocardiography in Children
Authors: Zayani Seyfeddine , Thabet Farah , Daya Abir , Chamtouri Ikram , Bennasrallah Cyrine , Chouchane Chokri , Ben Hamda Khaldoun , Chouchane Slaheddine 
Published: February 2025

Background:
This study compared visual assessments of left ventricular systolic function in children by pediatric physicians with quantitative measurements using the Simpson method.

Methods:
This was a transverse, cohort study conducted between January and June 2023. Patient’s echocardiography were performed by a certified pediatric cardiologist in the presence of 2 pediatricians: a senior pediatric intensivist (S.Z.) and a pediatric resident (A.D.). Both pediatricians had prior training in cardiac ultrasound. Following the visual assessment of the echocardiography, each pediatrician records their evaluation of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as a percentage. We compared the visual assessment of LVEF with that obtained with quantitative measurements using the Simpson method by the pediatric cardiologist. Bland-Altman analysis was performed between the pediatrician and the cardiologist's LVEF evaluation. Besides the correlation coefficients (r) were calculated.

Results:
A total of 136 patients, aged between 0 and 18 years, were enrolled. The mean LVEF measured by the cardiologist was 65.05±14.15. The mean LVEF estimated by the senior pediatrician and the pediatric resident was 64.48±13.59 and 64.87±13.17, respectively. Strong correlations were found between visual estimates by both pediatricians and 2-dimensional LVEF (r=0.832 and r=0.763 respectively, P<0.001). The bland-Altman plot showed that the mean difference of LVEF determined by 2-dimensional LVEF and eyeballing by a senior pediatric intensivist and the junior pediatrician was 0.57±3.64% and 0.18±4.37%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The study suggests that visual assessment of LVEF in children is reliable when conducted by experienced pediatricians familiar with echocardiography. However, the results of this study are primarily applicable to the assessment of normal or near-normal left ventricular function.
KRAS Mutations in Duodenal Lavage Fluid after Secretin Stimulation for Detection of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yachida Shinichi , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Shiba Satoshi , Urabe Makiko , Tanaka Hidenori , Takeda Yohei , Shimizu Akinori , Sakamoto Yuri , Hijioka Susumu , Haba Shin , Ashida Reiko , Kushiyama Yoshinori , Asano Kento , Kobayashi Makiko , Murawaki Yoshiyuki , Onishi Kouji , Yamashita Taro , Kimura Hirokazu , Totoki Yasushi , Kamada Hideki , Isomoto Hajime , Hattori Satoshi , Morizane Chigusa , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Kitano Masayuki , Hara Kazuo , Ikezawa Kenji , Hanada Keiji , Matsumoto Kazuya 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still a devastating disease, the survival rate for surgically removed PDACs has significantly improved in recent years. Early detection is essential in managing PDAC.

Summary Background Data:
The presence of KRAS mutations in PDAC leads to the initial genetic abnormality and offers a significant timeframe for identifying resectable PDACs. A minimally invasive and highly specific PDAC screening test is necessary to prevent the need for invasive follow-up tests.

Methods:
Between July 2021 and March 2023, 169 cases were enrolled in 7 institutions. By administering secretin before esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), the excretion of pancreatic juice into the papillary fluid can be stimulated, creating a resource for testing. Washing fluid was collected using a specialized catheter from control individuals (n=75) and patients with resectable PDAC (n=89) at the initial diagnosis. A highly sensitive technique was employed to study KRAS gene mutations.

Results:
This study obtained an AUC of 0.934 [95%CI: 0.904, 0.964] when using KRAS mutations in duodenal lavage fluid to differentiate between patients with resectable PDAC and healthy controls. The estimated sensitivities were calculated with specificity set at 100%, resulting in a sensitivity of 83.1% [95%CI: 71.7%, 91.2%]. The McNemer test showed a significantly higher sensitivity for KRAS mutations than serum CEA and CA19-9 (P<0.0001).

Conclusions:
We created a method to identify resectable PDACs by analyzing KRAS mutation levels in duodenal fluid collected during EGD with secretin stimulation of pancreatic juice secretion.