bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF INDOMETHACIN ON SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY IN THE ISOLATED HUMAN MYOMETRIUM AND ON THE RESPONSE TO OXYTOCIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN
Authors: Garrioch, D. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe spontaneous activity of human myometrial strips obtained during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle and during the early and late stages of pregnancy was studied. Both prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and oxytocin caused contractions which were superimposed on a low level of spontaneous activity but only PGF2α was seen to affect high levels of activity. Spontaneous contiactions were ultimately abolished by the addition of indomethacin. The strips remained responsive to PGF2α but not to oxytocin.
REDUCTION BY MEFENAMIC ACID OF INCREASED MENSTRUAL BLOOD LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH TNTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTION
Authors: Guillebaud J. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐five healthy parous women using intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD's) received mefenamic acid, 500 mg 8‐hourly, during two menstrual periods. Two pre‐ and two post‐treatment menses were similarly studied, by the collection of used sanitary pads and/or tampons and measurement of daily blood loss. A highly significant reduction in mean total blood loss during the treatment periods was observed, unaffected by whether therapy began on the first day of bleeding or in the late luteal phase. The reduction was observed among both inert and copper‐containing IUCD‐users. Expressed as a percentage of the mean pre‐treatment volume, the reduction in loss was not significantly different for those IUCD‐users who were light losers (less than 80 ml) compared with heavy losers (80 ml or more), but it was greater in volume terms among the latter. The amounts lost during the post‐treatment periods, whether or not placebo tablets were given, were not significantly different from pre‐treatment. Reports of side effects were infrequent. By contrast with the reduction in volume lost, no effect of mefenamic acid on the total duration of bleeding and non‐collectable 'spotting’could be demonstrated.
THE TREATMENT OF UTERINE BLEEDING WITH VASOPRESSIN HORMONOGEN (GLYPRESS1N)—A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Pavlin V. , Flynn M. J. , Mulder J. L. , Cort J. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a pilot study 12 women with severe uterine bleeding received an intravenous injection of 0 ‐ 2 mg of a vasopressin hormonogen, glypressin. In 11 of the patients a rapid reduction or cessation of blood loss were observed. Two patients had facial pallor following the injection but no other side effects occurred. Five of the older women with long histories of menorrhagia were placed on a regime of one injection of glypressin on the first day of menstruation for six months; in all of them the duration of bleeding was reduced to three days and the monthly blood loss became very slight. On the basis of these results more extensive clinical trials in menorrhagia and metrorrhagia are recommended.
SEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN THE HUMAN RENIN‐ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM FOLLOWING DELIVERY
Authors: Pipkin F. Broughton , Oats J. J. N. , Symonds E. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma renin activity and concentration and angiotensin II concentration have been measured serially in six normotensive primigravidae and in four mildly hypertensive patients in the four hours immediately following normal delivery. In normotensive patients, both renin and angiotensin II levels fell sharply over the first two hours to levels within the non‐pregnant range, with a subsequent rise to levels similar to those found in late pregnancy. Changes in the mildly hypertensive patients were smaller, and somewhat slower. It is suggested that the initial fall represents clearance of a renin of fetoplacental origin and that the subsequent rise may be a release from feedback suppression of renal renin synthesis.
RELATION BETWEEN TOTAL UTERINE IMPULSE, METHOD OF DELIVERY AND ONE‐MINUTE APGAR SCORE
Authors: Rossavik I. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe resistance to the passage of the fetus during labour has been estimated indirectly by calculation of the total area below the intrauterine pressure curve (total uterine impulse) in two periods during the first stage of labour. A good correlation was found between the total uterine impulse from a cervical dilatation of 5 to 10 cm, the outcome of the second stage of labour and the Apgar score at one minute.
SEX HORMONE LEVELS AND GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE IN PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE
Authors: Duignan N. M. , Shaw R. W. , Glass M. R. , Butt W. R. , Edwards R. Logan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPremature ovarian failure was studied in ten women under the age of 30; eight had an ovarian biopsy and five of these showed primordial follicles. Plasma levels of oestradiol and progesterone were similar to the follicular phase of a normal menetrual cycle, but in eight patients cervical smears showed a cornification index of less than one per cent. Levels of both androgens and of sex hormone binding globulin capacity were generally normal. Administration of LH‐RH caused a release of FSH which was similar to post menopausal women and higher than normally menstruating women, and a release of LH which was higher than both. Two patients were treated with exogenous gonadotrophins without effect.
ACTIVITY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A LOW MOLECULAR FRACTION PRESENT IN HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID WITH BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Sachs B. P. , Stern C. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe isolation of a low molecular weight fraction from amniotic fluid with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity is reported. This fraction consists of a family of peptides whose bactericidal activity is zinc dependent and can be inhibited by phosphate. Peptides are present in early gestation in low concentration increasing in amount from about 28 weeks gestation when antimicrobial activity becomes detectable in whole amniotic fluid. A simple bacteriological assay for this material is described. Its relation to the occurrence of perinatal infection is discussed.
ANTENATAL SCREENING IN OXFORD FOR FETAL NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
Authors: Wald N. J. , Cuckle H. S. , Boreham Jillian , Brett Rosemary , Stirrat G. M. , Bennett M. J. , Turnbull A. C. , Solymar Marianne , Jones Nora , Bobrow M. , Evans C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBetween May 1975 and the end of 1977, 6443 antenatal patients were screened mainly between 16 and 22 weeks of pregnancy for neural tube defects (NTDs) at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, by maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) measurement; a take‐up of 72 per cent. Seventeen out of 18 (94 per cent) patients with open NTD pregnancies (9 out of 9 with anencephaly and 8 out of 9 with open spina bifida) had positive screening tests, and all except one were offered and accepted a termination of pregnancy. Two hundred and forty‐five (3.8 per cent) patients with unaffected pregnancies also had positive screening tests, although only 1 4 per cent had an amniocentesis. Following ultrasonography, about 50 per cent of patients with unaffected pregnancies with positive screening tests were not offered an amniocentesis because they had a multiple pregnancy or their gestational age had been underestimated. The odds of having a fetus with an NTD among the women who had an amniocentesis was about 1 to 6 (1 to 11 for open spina bifida alone). Two apparently normal pregnancies were terminated. A survey of the acceptability of the screening programme among a consecutive sample of 73 patients who knew that they had a positive screening test revealed that all except one had no objection to screening in general, and 68 (93 per cent) wanted to be tested again in a future pregnancy. The approximate direct cost of the programme was £2 to £3 per patient screened, or about £l000 per NTD detected (about £2200 per open spina bifida detected).
TREATMENT OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME BY SPIRONOLACTONE
Authors: Shaughn O'Brien P. M. , Craven D. , Selby C. , Symonds E. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySpironolactone was given to 28 women in a double blind cross over trial during four menstrual cycles. Hormonal profiles were measured during the first two cycles. Plasma aldosterone was elevated in the premenstrual phase of the cycles but there was no significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The rise in serum progesterone was higher in the symptomatic group during the postovulatory phase. The administration of spironolactone reduced weight and relieved psychological symptoms in more than 80 per cent of the symptomatic group.
FAMILIAL CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY CASE REPORT
Authors: Philipp E.E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient was successfully treated by surgery, progestogens and chlorambucil for a poorly differentiated cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Four of her relatives had died of ovarian cancer; it was ascertained that two of them also had poorly differentiated cystadenocarcinoma.
A COMPARISON OF PGE2 AND PGF2α VAGINAL GEL FOR RIPENING THE CERVIX BEFORE INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: MacKenzie I. Z. , Embrey M. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe efficacy of a vaginal gel containing either 5 mg prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or 25 mg prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to ripen the unfavourable cervix for labour induction was assessed in a double blind trial. PGF2α, compared with PGE2, had little effect upon the clinical state of the cervix, but the resultant duration of labour in each of the two groups was shorter than in a control group. While the numbers of patients requiring oxytocin stimulation of labour and regional anal‐gesia were reduced in both groups compared with the controls, PGF2α was much less effective than PGE2'. Uterine hypertonus was observed using both prosta‐glandins during an experimental study and the implications are discussed.
THE RELATION BETWEEN PLASMA OESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE AND PROLACTIN CONCENTRATIONS AND THE EFFICACY OF VAGINAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 GEL IN INITIATING LABOUR
Authors: MacKenzie I. Z , Jenkin G. , Bradley Susan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn an attempt to relate the efficacy of treatment to endogenous hormone levels, plasma oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin levels were analysed in women at term following the vaginal administration of prostaglandin E2 gel to induce labour. Patients who went, into labour after treatment had significantly higher oestradiol‐17β levels before treatment compared with those requiring formal surgical in‐duction the following day. No difference could be demonstrated in levels of progesterone or prolactin in the two groups of patients. The significance of these results is discussed.
INHIBITION OF PROSTAGLANDIN‐INDUCED UTERINE ACTIVITY BY NIFEDIPINE
Authors: Anderson K.‐E. , Ingemarsson I. , Ulmsten U. , Wingerup L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of the calcium antagonist, nifedipine, on uterine activity induced by prostaglandins F2α (PGFZ2α) and E2 (PGE2) were studied in women undergoingtherapeutic midtrimester abortion, and in patients with a missed abortion in the 16th to 27th week of pregnancy. In the five subjects receiving intra‐amniotic PGF2α (25 to 40 mg) for midtrimester abortion, nifedipine (30 mg orally) decreased uterine activity from a mean of 372 to 203 Montevideo Units. The effect on the intensity of the contractions was pronounced; frequency and basal tone were little affected. In patients with missed abortion, uterine contractions were induced by extra‐amniotic application of PGE2 (0.5 to 1.5 mg) in a viscous gel. The activity was often more irregular than that in the women receiving intra‐amniotic PGF2α. However, nifedipine (30 mg orally) had a marked inhibitory effect on the uterine contractions. It is concluded that nifedipine can be used for treatment of uterine hyperactivity induced by prostaglandins. Combined treatment with β2‐adrenoceptor stimulants might be considered.
THE RELATION BETWEEN PLASMA UNCONJUGATED OESTRIOLAND CYSTlNE AMINOPEPTIDASE CONCENTRATIONS ANDUTERINE CONTRACTIONS
Authors: Hull M. G. R. , Monro P. P. , Ellis B. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relation between maternal plasma unconjugated oestriol (E3) concentrations and uterine activity was investigated by very frequent, carefully timed determinations of E, during synchronously recorded uterine contractions in six normal subjects. There was an initial rise (10 to 50 per cent above the mean) in E3 levels reaching a peak coincident with the contraction peak (range 20 seconds before to 15 seconds after) followed by a fall of similar magnitude below the mean reaching a nadir about 80 seconds (range 60 to 105 seconds) after the contraction peak. Although the pattern of E3 fluctuation was most marked in labour the overall degree of variation was no greater than at other times. Cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) concentrations in the same serum samples showed no significant correlation with uterine contractions. The reasons for, and practical applications of, the E3 results are discussed.
HAEMODYNAMICS OF MILD HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Lim Y. L. , Walters W. A. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and sixty‐three haemodynamic studies were done serially in 23 normotensive and 25 mildly hypertensive women during pregnancy. With all subjects resting in the left lateral position, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular work index, total peripheral vascular resistance and haematocrit were all significantly higher while plasma volume per unit body weight was significantly lower in the hypertensive than in the normotensive pregnant women. It is postulated that this hyperkinetic circulatory state is due to hyper‐activity of the sympathetic adrenergic component of the autonomic nervous system in hypertensive pregnancy.
EFFECT OF NORMAL PREGNANCY UPON THE GLYCOSYLATED HAEMOGLOBINS
Authors: Lind T. , Cheyne G. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn this cross‐sectional study total glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb AmtmannIa+b+c) has been measured in 20 healthy non‐pregnant women and in five groups of 20 healthy women at various times during pregnancy. A statistically significant decrease occurs in these minor haemoglobin fractions by about 20 weeks gestation and this reduced level is maintained throughout the rest of pregnancy. If diabetic patients are to have their control assessed during pregnancy by determination of these fractions this fact might be relevant.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ABNORMAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND HYPOGLYCAEMIA) IN PREGNANCY*
Authors: Abell D. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose below 5th centile) had a highly significant association with fetal growth retardation, and perinatal mortality was significantly increased in the presence of both hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia (plasmaglucose above 95th centile) when pregnancy outcome was analyzed in 5000 consecutive patients who had a glucose tolerance test performed during the third trimester of pregnancy. This study confirms the significance of abnormal glucose tolerance as a causative factor of feto‐placental dysfunction. The flat glucose tolerance test pattern had no significance beyond the presence of associated hypoglycaemia, but reactive hypoglycaemia, and persistent abnormalities of plasma glucose levels during the test, were associated with higher incidences of complicated outcome. Hypertonic dextrose therapy administered to the patient with persistently subnormal urinary oestriol excretion was less likely to cause a favourable response in oestriol excretion if glucose tolerance was abnormal, perhaps because the adverse influences of abnormal glucose tolerance were not reversible by the third trimester of pregnancy. Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, additional to diabetes mellitus, are significant factors in the aetiology and diagnosis of abnormal pregnancy, and point to the need to investigate therapeutic measures.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCES IN THE AMNION IN POLYHYDRAMNIOS AND OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS.
Authors: Pollard Stella M. , Symonds E. M. , Aye N. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe appearances of the amnion from two patients with polyhydramnios and two patients with oligohydramnios are described. In polyhydramnios the amnion showed a normal incidence of all the four patterns found in normal amnion at term and no abnormal features were noted. In oligohydramnios, two of four normal patterns predominated and intercellular canals were sparse.
THROMBOPLASTIC AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HYDATIDIFORM MOLAR TISSUE AND VESICULAR FLUID
Authors: Maurine Tsakok F. H. , Ratnam S. S. , Chew S. C. , Chua Siok Eng 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe found similar levels of thromboplastic activity in molar tissue, vesicular fluid and normal placental tissue from pregnancies matched for gestational age. The fibrinolytic activity of molar tissue and vesicular fluid was, however, increased and vaginal haemorrhage tended to be heavier when fibrinolytic activity was high (p = 0.06). Subsequent choriocarcinoma occurred more frequently in patients with molar tissue which had low fibrinolytic activity (p = 0.08).
ANTENATAL SEARCH FOR β‐THALASSAEMIA IN A TWIN PREGNANCY.
Authors: Ward H. , Matsakis M. , Mouzouras Mary , Shirley Isabel , Modell Bernadette 
Published: August 2005

summaryThe antenatal search for fetal β‐thalassaemia in a twin pregnancy is described. Thalassaemia major was correctly excluded in both fetuses, and some of the problems of identifying patients at risk are outlined as well as those of obtaining fetal blood in the second trimester of pregnancy.
CASE NOTE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PLACENTA: ARE THEY WORTHWHILE?
Authors: Penfold P. , Drury Linda , Lewis Leila , Royston J. P. , Hytten F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 429 placentae, measurements were made of weight, diameter, shape, eccentricity of the cord and weight and length of the cord, and the results were compared with Apgar score of the infant at birth and its standardized birth weight. There was no evidence that cord eccentricity, placental shape or ‘thickness’, or the dimensions of the cord had any significant relation to the growth of the fetus or its condition at birth. The value of routine recording of crude measurements and qualitative assessments of the placenta in case notes is questioned.
CONCENTRATIONS OF THE PROSTACYCLIN METABOLITE, 6–KETO–PROSTAGLANDIN F1α, IN AMNIOTIC FLUID DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND LABOUR.
Authors: Mitchell M. D. , Keirse M. J. N. C. , Brunt Jane D. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryConcentrations of 6–keto–prostaglandin F1α (6–keto–PGF1α, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, PGI2) have been measured in amniotic fluid obtained during late pregnancy and labour. Samples taken at amniotomy during spontaneous labour contained a significantly greater concentration of 6–keto–PGF1α than samples taken at amniotomy before the onset of labour (p <0.01). There was no correlation between the level of 6–keto–PGF1α, in amniotic fluid before labour and gestational age (p > 0 1). It is suggested that prostacyclin may have a functional role in the mechanism of parturition in man.
RED CELL MASS DURING AND AFTER NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Taylor D. J. , Lind T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRed cell mass, derived from plasma volume and haematocrit, was calculated serially in 45 healthy women during pregnancy and 4 to 6 months after delivery. Compared to the non‐pregnant, postpartum value there was a reduction of approximately 100 ml at 12 weeks gestation. An increase in red cell mass occurred thereafter: at 36 weeks gestation values 180 ml greater than the non‐pregnant were found. Iron and folic acid supplements almost doubled this increment to 349 ml of red cells.
SPONTANEOUS PREGNANCY IN A PATIENT WITH. HYPERGONADOTROPHIC OVARIAN FAILURE.
Authors: Wright C. S. W. , Jacobs H. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 27‐year‐old woman was referred to the gynaecological endocrine clinic because of infertility and secondary amenorrhoea. Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels were raised and oestradiol concentrations were sub‐normal. In spite of these findings, spontaneous resumption of menstrual cycles associated with a fall of gonadotrophin concentrations was followed by a normal pregnancy.
MALIGNANT CHANGE IN BENIGN CYSTIC TERATOMA OF THE OVARY
Authors: Curling O. M. , Potsides P. N. , Hudson C. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a clinico‐pathological study of malignant disease of the ovary in the former North East Metropolitan Region, malignant transformation of benign cystic teratoma has emerged as the commonest malignancy of‘germ cell’origin. The clinical and pathological details of 12 patients are reported.
THE RECURRENCE RATE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LOW OESTRIOL EXCRETION IN SUCCESSIVE PREGNANCIES
Authors: Oats J. J. N. , Beischer N. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 440 women who had low oestriol excretion in a previous pregnancy was investigated by urinary oestriol assays in one or more subsequent pregnancies. The incidence of low oestriol excretion in the subsequent pregnancy was 29.1 per cent, or more than double that in the total obstetric population (13.4 per cent; p <0.001). Patients with persistently low oestriol excretion had a 40.8 per cent recurrence rate in subsequent pregnancies. When oestriol excretion was low in successive pregnancies it retained a significant association with increased incidences of stillbirths, neonatal deaths and fetal growth retardation. It was concluded that low oestriol excretion in a previous pregnancy is a definite indication to test fetoplacental function in subsequent pregnancies even when the clinical findings are normal.
MELATONIN IN THE MATERNAL AND UMBILICAL CIRCULATIONS DURING HUMAN PARTURITION
Authors: Mitchell M. D. , Bibby J. G. , Sayers Linda , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentration of melatonin in maternal peripheral plasma was measured during late pregnancy, term and pre‐term labour. There was a small increase in the mean concentration of melatonin during labour which was significant in term labour. Umbilical arterial and venous plasma, whether obtained at term, after spontaneous vaginal delivery or at Caesarean section, contained significantly greater concentrations of melatonin than maternal plasma. A significant arterio‐venous difference was demonstrated for both groups of umbilical samples with raised venous levels after spontaneous vaginal delivery but higher arterial levels at Caesarean section.
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE TO LHRH FOLLOWING OESTROGEN THERAPY IN WOMEN WITH AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Shaw R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of administering 2.5 mg oestradiol benzoate upon subsequent response to 100 ug synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was investigated in 24 women with amenorrhoea but with no demonstrable pituitary or ovarian cause and in whom serum prolactin levels were within the normal range. Differential responsiveness to LHRH was observed when re‐testing the subjects 44 hours following the oestrogen administration. Twelve out of 24 subjects showed an augmentated LH response, the post‐treatment response similar to that observed in normal regularly menstruating females when tested in the follicular phase of their cycles. In 11 of these 12 patients ovulation could be induced by clomiphene. The remaining 12 patiens failed to show an augmentation of LH response and indeed had a suppressed post‐treatment response. In this group of subjects a significantly lower basal serum oestradiol‐17β level was found (p <0·01) and none of these patients ovulated following clomiphene administration. This differential responsiveness to LHRH following oestrogen therapy in patients with amenorrhoea of‘hypothalamic’ origin further subdivides this heterogeneous group into two sub‐groups who respond to clomiphene administration in a different manner and sheds further light upon the pathogenic mechanism of gonadotrophin release in such patients.