bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical cystectomy in the elderly
Authors: Clark Peter E. , Stein John P. , Groshen Susan G. , Cai Jie , Miranda Gus , Lieskovsky Gary , Skinner Donald G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors report their experience with radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder comparing clinical outcomes, including complication rates, among older patients versus younger patients in a high‐volume center specializing in the treatment of patients with advanced carcinoma of the urinary bladder.METHODSA retrospective review was undertaken of 1054 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder TCC from 1971 through 1997. Four age groups were compared; < 60 years at the time of cystectomy (n = 309 patients), age 60–69 years (n = 381 patients), age 70–79 years (n = 314 patients), and age ≥ 80 years (n = 50 patients).RESULTSThe median length of hospital stay in patients ages < 60 years, 60–69 years, 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years was 10 days, 10 days, 11 days, and 11 days, respectively (P < 0.001). The corresponding rates of overall early complications were 24%, 25%, 37%, and 30%, respectively (P = 0.002); whereas the corresponding late complication rates were 36%, 30%, 22%, and 14%, respectively (P < 0.001). The rate of early diversion‐related complications did not differ significantly (11%, 8%, 12%, and 6%, respectively; P = 0.14). The operative mortality rates were 1%, 3%, 4%, and 0%, respectively (P = 0.14). There was no difference with respect to early complications, early diversion‐related complications, late complications, or operative mortality comparing patients age > 70 years who underwent ileal conduit versus orthotopic urinary diversion (P = 0.20, P = 0.61, P = 0.53, and P = 0.78, respectively).CONCLUSIONSElderly patients who underwent cystectomy for TCC had similar mortality and early diversion‐related complication rates. Carefully selected elderly patients safely can be offered an orthotopic urinary diversion. Chronological age, per se, is not a contraindication for radical cystectomy in the setting of invasive bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Metaanalysis of the significance of matrix metalloproteinases for lymph node disease in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wiegand Susanne , Dünne Anja A. , Müller Helge H. , Mandic Robert , Barth Peter , Davis Ronald K. , Werner Jochen A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current metaanalysis was to evaluate the expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), to evaluate reported series, and to determine whether there is an expressed value to quantitate the risk of metastasis.METHODSA review of the published literature was conducted according to defined selection criteria. Fixed and random effects models were applied for estimation of the summarized odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, including a test for homogeneity of the odds ratios of the studies. Finally, forest plots were created to allow for visual comparison of the results and an estimation of heterogeneity.RESULTSThe heterogeneity of data collection and statistical methods did not allow final judgments on the significance of immunohistochemical MMP expression analysis in patients with HNSCC or the impact of MMPs in predicting metastatic behavior. Fourteen studies with 710 patients for 5 different MMPs (MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, and MMP‐14) were included in the current metaanalysis. The results indicated that MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐14 possibly played a role in the metastatic behavior of HNSCC tumors.CONCLUSIONSThe authors recommended the standardization of staining procedures and evaluation protocols as a necessary step to allow for valid comparisons of the multitude of results published by different study groups. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Increased plasma levels of angiogenin and the risk of bladder carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Hua , Grossman H. Barton , Delclos George L. , Hwang Lu‐yu , Troisi Catherine L. , Chamberlain Robert M. , Chenoweth Marsha A. , Zhang Huifeng , Spitz Margaret R. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAngiogenesis is a well known prerequisite for tumor growth and metastasis. It is believed that angiogenin initiates cell migration and aids cell proliferation. Based on this, the authors hypothesized that individuals who had increased plasma levels of angiogenin were at an elevated risk for carcinoma of the urinary bladder.METHODSIn this ongoing case–control study, the authors used an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to compare plasma levels of angiogenin in 209 patients with bladder carcinoma and in 208 healthy control participants who were matched according to age (± 5 years), gender, and ethnicity.RESULTSThe mean plasma angiogenin concentration was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (343.2 ng/mL vs. 308.0 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). High plasma angiogenin levels were associated with a two‐fold increased risk for bladder carcinoma. Moreover, in patients who had superficial bladder carcinoma, plasma angiogenin levels were significantly higher among those who had recurrent disease than in those who were without recurrence (P < 0.01). Similarly, patients who had superficial bladder carcinoma with higher angiogenin levels had a shorter recurrence‐free survival than patients who had lower angiogenin levels (P < 0.01). Finally, elevated angiogenin levels were associated with an increased recurrence risk, with hazard ratio of 2.85.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study demonstrated that the plasma levels of angiogenin were significantly higher in patients who had bladder carcinoma compared with healthy control participants and in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma who had recurrent disease compared with patients who were without recurrence. Therefore, an elevated plasma level of angiogenin may serve as a novel predictor for the risk of bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Partnership status influences quality of life in low‐income, uninsured men with prostate cancer
Authors: Gore John L. , Krupski Tracey , Kwan Lorna , Maliski Sally , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBeing partnered confers significant benefits in survival for patients with prostate cancer, yet little is known of the impact of relationship status on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The authors evaluated the influence of partnership on measures of HRQOL.METHODSThe authors studied 291 patients who were enrolled in a program that provided free treatment to impoverished, uninsured men with prostate cancer. The associations between relationship status and measures of general and disease‐specific HRQOL were evaluated. Results from multivariate models determined the independent effect of partnership on HRQOL.RESULTSPartnered patients were more likely than unpartnered patients to be Hispanic (58% vs. 34%) and were more likely to have elected surgical therapy (49% vs. 34%). Multivariate analyses, controlling for age, ethnicity, disease stage, and treatment type, revealed that partnered patients had better mental health (P = 0.009), less urinary bother (P = 0.011), higher spirituality (P = 0.037), and lower symptom distress (P = 0.005) than unpartnered participants.CONCLUSIONSRelationship status had a positive effect on the quality of life of low‐income, uninsured men with prostate cancer. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
GRIP1 in GABAergic synapses
Authors: Li Rong‐Wen , Serwanski David R. , Miralles Celia P. , Li Xuejing , Charych Erik , Riquelme Raquel , Huganir Richard L. , de Blas Angel L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe glutamate receptor‐interacting protein GRIP1 is present in glutamatergic synapses and interacts with the GluR2/3/4c subunits of the AMPA receptors. This interaction plays important roles in trafficking, synaptic targeting, and recycling of AMPA receptors as well as in the plasticity of glutamatergic synapses. Although GRIP1 has been shown to be present at GABAergic synapses in cultured neurons, the use of EM (electron microscopy) immunocytochemistry in the intact brain has failed to convincingly reveal the presence of GRIP1 in GABAergic synapses. Therefore, most studies on GRIP1 have focused on glutamatergic synapses. By using mild tissue fixation and embedding in EM, we show that in the intact brain the 7‐PDZ domain GRIP1a/b is present not only in glutamatergic synapses but also in GABAergic synapses. In GABAergic synapses GRIP1a/b localizes both at the presynaptic terminals and postsynaptically, being frequently localized on the synaptic membranes or the synaptic junctional complex. Considerably higher density of GRIP1a/b is found in the presynaptic GABAergic terminals than in the glutamatergic terminals, while the density of GRIP1a/b in the postsynaptic complex is similar in both types of synapses. The results also show that the 7‐PDZ and the shorter 4‐PDZ domain splice forms of GRIP1 (GRIP1c 4‐7) frequently colocalize with each other in individual GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. The results suggest that GRIP1 splice forms might play important roles in brain GABAergic synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 488:11–27, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
State‐dependent hemispheric specialization in the songbird brain
Authors: George Isabelle , Cousillas Hugo , Richard Jean‐Pierre , Hausberger Martine 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLateralization of brain functions is a widespread phenomenon in vertebrates. With the well‐known lateralization in the processing of human speech and the parallels that exist between birdsong and language, songbirds are interesting for addressing such questions. In the present study, we investigated the central processing of communicative and artificial sounds in starlings, in an integrative part of the song system: the HVC. Neuronal responses to acoustic stimuli were systematically recorded in both hemispheres while the birds were awake, and then anesthetized, allowing quantitative comparisons of the responses obtained in each situation. The total proportion of responsive sites in the HVC of the left and right hemispheres of all birds revealed a significant predominance of the HVC of the right hemisphere when the birds were awake, whereas a high interindividual variability appeared when the birds were anesthetized. When neuronal responses as a whole were further examined, the responses to each type of stimulus appeared to be nonrandomly distributed over the different situations, and some specialization may appear. The results suggest a complex and state‐dependent hemispheric specialization toward behaviorally relevant classes of stimuli. In awake birds, the HVC of the left hemisphere may be more involved in the processing of songs that are used in individual recognition at distance, whereas the HVC of the right hemisphere may deal with long and complex sequences of a song that is involved in short‐distance communication, especially between males and females. With birds under anesthesia, this pattern is strongly modified. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:48–60, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell cycle kinetic dysregulation in HIV‐infected normal lymphocytes
Authors: Asmuth David M. , Wang Nan , Lu Ying , Li Xiao‐Dong , Reece Lisa , Terry Nicholas H. A. , Pollard Richard B. , Nokta Mostafa , Leary James F. , White R. Allen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundViruses alter cellular gene transcription and protein binding at many steps critical for cell cycle regulation to optimize the milieu for productive infection. Reasoning that virus–host cell interactions would result in perturbations of cell cycle kinetics, measurement of the duration of the phases of the cell cycle in normal T lymphocytes infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was undertaken.MethodsFlow cytometric measurement of bromodeoxyuridine‐labeled and DNA content‐stained cells at multiple points through the cell cycle allowed estimation of the fraction of cells in each phase, the potential doubling‐time, and the durations of S and G2/M phases. Separate analysis of the HIV+and HIV−populations within the infected cultures was performed based on intracellular, anti‐HIV core p24 antibody labeling. A novel mathematical model, which accounted for cell loss, was developed to estimate cell cycle phases.Results(a) S phase was prolonged in the HIV‐1SF2–infected cells compared with control. (b) This delay in S phase was due to delay in the population of cells not expressing HIV‐1 antigens (p24 negative). (c) Accumulation of cells in G2/M phase was confirmed in HIV‐1–infected cultures and was proportional to the level of infection as measured by p24 fluorescent intensity. However, all mock and HIV‐1–infected populations predicted to proceed through cell division demonstrated similar G2/M‐phase durations. (c) Potential doubling times were longer in the infected cultures; in contrast, the p24+subpopulations accounted for this delay. This suggests an isolated delay in the G0/G1phase for that population of cells.ConclusionsMultiple phases of host cell cycle durations were affected by HIV‐1SF2infection in this in vitro model, suggesting novel HIV‐1 pathogenesis mechanisms. Prolonged S‐phase durations in HIV‐1 infected/p24−and G0/G1‐phase durations in HIV‐1 infected/p24+subpopulations require further study to identify mechanistic pathways. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New method to detect histone acetylation levels by flow cytometry
Authors: Ronzoni Simona , Faretta Mario , Ballarini Marco , Pelicci PierGiuseppe , Minucci Saverio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundReversible histone acetylation affects chromatin structural organization, thus regulating gene expression and other nuclear events. Levels of histone acetylation are tightly modulated in normal cells, and alterations of their regulating mechanisms have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis.MethodsWe developed a new flow cytometric technique for detection of histone acetylation, based on a specific monoclonal antibody that recognizes acetylated histone tails. Bivariate analysis for histone acetylation levels and DNA were performed to study modulation of chromatin organization during the cell cycle and after induction of histone hyperacetylation by the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). Histone acetylation and transcription levels were monitored during differentiation induced by retinoic acid alone or in combination with TSA. Blood samples from patients were analyzed with the described protocol to monitor the effects of HDAC inhibitors in vivo and validate the developed protocol for clinical usage.ResultsFlow cytometric detection of acetylation status can successfully detect modifications induced by HDAC inhibitor treatment in vivo as demonstrated by analysis of various blood samples from patients treated with valproic acid. Changes in acetylation levels during the cell cycle demonstrated a reproducible increase in histone acetylation during the replication phase that was subsequently decreased at the G2M entrance, thus paralleling the behavior of DNA replication and transcriptional activity.ConclusionsMultiparameter analysis of histone acetylation and expression of molecular markers, DNA ploidy, and/or cell cycle kinetics can provide a quick and statistically reliable tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy in clinical trials using HDAC inhibitors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Pulse Radiolysis Study of Catalytic Superoxide Radical Dismutation by a Manganese(II) Complex with an N‐Tripodal Ligand
Authors: Durot Stéphanie , Lambert François , Renault Jean‐Philippe , Policar Clotilde 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis article presents a pulse radiolysis study of the reactivity of a SOD‐mimic MnII complex [MnII(IPG)]+ 1 with superoxide. It uses an improved set‐up with a circulating cell. It provides convergent pieces of evidence that 1 catalyses efficiently the dismutation of superoxide. Three sets of experiments are described: (1) Transient formation and decay of an adduct labeled {MnOO}6 were studied. (2) A multi‐pulse experiment showed a reproducible behaviour upon successive superoxide pulses. (3) Superoxide decay was monitored at 270 nm to provide an overall kinetic constant. A mechanism is proposed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Studies of Heteroleptic Tris(phthalocyaninato) Rare Earth Complexes
Authors: Bian Yongzhong , Li Lei , Wang Daqi , Choi Chi‐Fung , Cheng Diana Y. Y. , Zhu Pehua , Li Renjie , Dou Jianmin , Wang Rongming , Pan Na , Ng Dennis K. P. , Kobayashi Nagao , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThree heteroleptic tris(phthalocyaninato) rare‐earth triple‐decker complexes [(Pc)M(Pc)M{Pc(α‐OC5H11)4}] [M = Sm, Gd, Lu; Pc = phthalocyaninate; Pc(α‐OC5H11)4 = 1,8,15,22‐tetrakis(3‐pentyloxy)phthalocyaninate] have been prepared as racemic mixtures by treating [M{Pc(α‐OC5H11)4}(acac)], generated in situ, with the bis(phthalocyaninato) rare‐earth double‐decker complex [M(Pc)2] in refluxing n‐octanol. The molecular structures of the gadolinium and lutetium complexes have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, both of which adopt the asymmetrical structure [(Pc)M(Pc)M{Pc(α‐OC5H11)4}]. The outer Pc and Pc(α‐OC5H11)4 rings are significantly domed, while the inner Pc ring is essentially planar. The ring‐to‐ring separation between the two adjacent Pc rings, as defined by the two N4 mean planes, diminishes from [(Pc)Gd(Pc)Gd{Pc(α‐OC5H11)4}] to [(Pc)Lu(Pc)Lu{Pc(α‐OC5H11)4}] as a result of the smaller LuIII ion. The decreased molecular symmetry for these complexes has also been revealed by the NMR spectra of the samarium and lutetium analogs, in which four sets of signals appear for the inner Pc ring protons due to the special disposition of the neighboring Pc(α‐OC5H11)4 ring. Electrochemical studies have revealed four one‐electron oxidations and up to five one‐electron reductions for these complexes. The dependence of the phthalocyanine Q band as well as the first and second oxidation potentials on the size of the metal center indicates that substantial π‐π interactions are present in these compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Stereoselective Michael‐Type Addition of Organocopper Reagents to Enones Derived from Glycals in the Synthesis of 2‐Phosphono‐α‐C‐Glycosides
Authors: Leonelli Francesca , Capuzzi Marinella , Calcagno Vincenzo , Passacantilli Pietro , Piancatelli Giovanni 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMichael‐type additions of various organocopper reagents to the novel carbohydrate‐derived 2‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)hex‐1‐en‐3‐uloses are described. The reactions have proved to be rapid, clean and stereoselective, giving rise to the formation of 3‐oxo‐2‐phosphono‐α‐C‐glycosides or the corresponding enol acetates. These compounds are direct precursors of 2‐phosphono‐α‐C‐glycosides, a very interesting class of molecules never described before. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Divergent and Linear Solid‐Phase Synthesis of PNA Containing Thiazole Orange as Artificial Base
Authors: Jarikote Dilip V. , Köhler Olaf , Socher Elke , Seitz Oliver 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFluorescent nucleobase surrogates provide nucleic acids with interesting properties. We have recently introduced thiazole orange as base surrogate into PNA and found that the so‐called FIT (Forced Intercalation of Thiazole orange) PNA probes signal hybridization by enhancements of fluorescence. Common approaches of modifying nucleobases or introducing nucleobase surrogates draw upon the usage of monomer building blocks that have been synthesized in solution phase. The need to prefabricate a base‐modified building block can hold up progress if several base modifications or base surrogates are to be evaluated. Herein, a method for divergent solid‐phase synthesis is presented that serves the purpose to facilitate the screening for base surrogates that fluoresce upon hybridization. An Fmoc/Aloc‐protected submonomer allowed the application of commonly used Fmoc‐based solid‐phase synthesis protocols while removal of the fully orthogonal Aloc group enabled the on‐resin introduction of base surrogates after the linear chain assembly had been completed. The divergent solid‐phase synthesis strategy is automatable, gives overall yields matching those of linear solid‐phase synthesis and, most importantly, provides rapid access to any kind of base‐modified PNA. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Radiation Grafted Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Gubler L. , Gürsel S. A. , Scherer G. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe cost of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) components is crucial to the commercial viability of the technology. Proton exchange membranes fabricated via the method of radiation grafting offer a cost‐competitive option, because starting materials are inexpensive commodity products and the preparation procedure is based on established industrial processes. Radiation grafted membranes have been used with commercial success in membrane separation technology. This review focuses on the application of radiation grafted membranes in fuel cells, in particular the identification of fuel cell relevant membrane properties, aspects of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication, electrochemical performance and durability obtained in cell or stack tests, and investigation of failure modes and post mortem analysis. The application in hydrogen and methanol fuelled cells is treated separately. Optimized styrene / crosslinker grafted and sulfonated membranes show performance comparable to perfluorinated membranes. Some properties, such as methanol permeability, can be tailored to be superior. Durability of several thousand hours at practical operating conditions has been demonstrated. Alternative styrene derived monomers with higher chemical stability offer the prospect of enhanced durability or higher operating temperature.
A method for determining the magnitude of change across different cognitive functions in clinical trials: the effects of acute administration of two different doses alprazolam
Authors: Snyder Peter J. , Werth John , Giordani Bruno , Caveney Angela F. , Feltner Douglas , Maruff Paul 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWhile there is no doubt that benzodiazepine administration leads to transient cognitive impairment in healthy adults, the nature and magnitude of such impairment has not been well described. The cognitive effects of a single dose of alprazolam 0.5 and 1 mg were therefore assessed in 36 healthy adults on measures of psychomotor function, visual attention, working memory, planning and learning in a double‐blind parallel‐groups study. Measures of these different cognitive functions were selected on the basis of their brevity and because they yielded distributions of performance data that were without skew, floor or ceiling effects of range restriction (i.e. normal distributions). With data satisfying the assumptions for parametric analysis, measures of effect size could be computed in addition to significance testing, thus allowing for direct and meaningful comparison between the different performance measures used. Alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced only the speed of attentional performance although the magnitude of this reduction was large (d = 0.8). At 1.0 mg, impairments in psychomotor function, equivalent to that seen for attentional function at the lower dose, were observed. In addition, moderate (d approx = 0.5) impairments in working memory, and learning also became obvious. When considered together, these results suggest that low‐dose alprazolam primarily alters visual attentional function. At the higher dose psychomotor functions also become impaired, and it is likely that the combination of these led to the observed moderate impairments in higher level executive and memory processes. The current study also illustrates a method for directly comparing the magnitude of change in cognitive function between measures with different performance metrics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.