bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthur Hugh Clough and the Poetics of Dissent
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the fierce political disputes of the 1840s, the American shadow presence began to manifest itself increasingly in English literature of the mid-Victorian period as a disruptive influence, an alternative centre of gravity. The burgeoning culture of the United States threatened to disturb both the imperial geography that would place foreign cultures in subordinate relation to Britain and the moralized forms of aesthetics that sought to equate such cartographies with a just and accurate portrayal of the world.
The Fascist Imaginary: Abstraction, Violence, and the Second World War
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1964, the American journalist Martha Gellhorn was sent by the Atlantic to investigate postwar conditions in the Federal Republic of Germany. She reported back that German adults ‘who knew Nazism and in their millions cheered and adored Hitler ... have performed a nationwide act of amnesia; no one individually had a thing to do with the Hitler regime and its horrors ‘.
Intimate Disciplines Archaeology, Literary Criticism, and the Traces of the Dead
Authors: Schwyzer Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When asked about what I teach and study, I find myself naming things that do not exist. Early modern England. The age of Elizabeth. Edmund Spenser. William Shakespeare. To say that these do not exist is not to assert that they are fictions, but simply to acknowledge that they are gone. The Virgin Queen and her courtier poets, the brilliant playwright and his flourishing company, have vanished and have no being in this world.
Exhumation and Ethnic Conflict Colonial Archaeology from St Erkenwald to Spenser in Ireland
Authors: Schwyzer Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1996, a human skeleton was recovered from the banks of the Columbia river in Kennewick, Washington. At first, the bones were judged to be those of an early European settler, on the basis of height and the elongated, ‘Caucasoid’ cranium. Yet a stone spear point embedded in the pelvic bone was of a type used thousands of years in the past. The results of carbon dating indicated that the skeleton was more than nine thousand years old. Word quickly spread that a ‘white man’ had walked in ancient Washington—a claim that was taken in some quarters to suggest that Native Americans might not be the real ‘natives’ after all. The request of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation that the bones be relinquished to them for reburial was resisted by a team of archaeologists who argued that the skeleton should be retained for further study. The long legal conflict that ensued was, for all concerned, about much more than the fate of Kennewick Man. It was, in the words of one of the archaeologists involved, ‘a battle over who controls America‘s past’.1
The Inner Temple and Literary London
Authors: Toomer G J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early seventeenth century the Inner Temple was far more than an assembly of aspiring law students and established lawyers. The Inns of Court were part of the nexus of literary London, with its flourishing culture of theatre, poetry, belles-lettres, music, and ‘antiquaries’. Many of the fellows themselves wrote poetry or plays, and the Inns would on occasion put on one of the elaborate masques which were a favourite form of entertainment for a select audience, including sometimes the court. Selden too had a part in this lively world. Most of the evidence for his participation comes from the decade 1610 to 1620, but we cannot doubt that it began soon after his entry to the Inner Temple.
The Resources for Scholarship in the Early Seventeenth Century
Authors: Toomer G J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to evaluate Selden’s intellectual achievement properly, we must know something of the scholarly resources available to him. Fortunately we possess valuable clues to this, both in the thousands of citations of sources in his publications, and also in the records of the great library which he assembled over the course of his life, most of which survives today in the Bodleian Library. There is in fact a remarkably close correspondence between the two: well over 90 per cent of the texts and treatises to which he refers can be found in his library; and while the library, not surprisingly, contained many books and manuscripts to which he never refers, almost all are related to topics with which Selden was concerned at one time or another in his long career; that is, it was the library not of a collector but of a scholar.
‘Antiquarian’ Writings
Authors: Toomer G J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Selden is often described by contemporaries as an ‘antiquary’, and although that appellation included more than it does today (for instance, it would cover his publication of ancient inscriptions in Marmora Arundelliana), the main justification for it was undoubtedly Titles of Honor. Yet this, although a substantial work, covering 950 quarto pages in its second edition, is a small part of his œuvre, and the other opuscula which are gathered here under the heading ‘antiquarian’ are bagatelles. The reason for the persistence of this characterization is perhaps that Titles of Honor was the most popular of his books, and indeed the only one that most readers ever consulted.
The Social and Political Background to Selden’s Later Work
Authors: Toomer G J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although this book is not concerned with Selden’s political career, some account of it, and of the relationships in which he was involved, is essential, if only to explain the genesis of certain of his works, most notably Mare Clausum, as well as some minor pieces such as Privileges of the Baronage. In the 1620s his social circumstances changed dramatically. Whereas his previous associations had been confined to the legal, antiquarian, and literary circles of London, he now became acquainted (and eventually familiar) with persons of wealth and influence, including members of the nobility. This change is symbolized by his participation in the parliaments of the 1620s, first as an assistant, but soon as an elected member.
Works on English Medieval History
Authors: Toomer G J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The humiliations which Selden suffered as a result of his publication of Historie of Tithes, reinforced by his detention after the Parliament of 1621, seem to have made him cautious about the kind of books he published, at least during the decade of the 1620s. This is indicated on the title-page of his edition of Eadmer, where he takes his motto from Juvenal, who recommends writing satire only about the remote past. However, the book is much more than a retreat into safe waters of scholarship. It is also a practical demonstration of Selden’s strong conviction about the right way to approach English history (in contrast to the ways of most contemporary writers), and is offered as a model that he hopes others will follow.
Marmora Arundelliana
Authors: Toomer G J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Late at night in early January 1627 Sir Robert Cotton, having just seen the Greek inscriptions which had recently arrived at Arundel House, hurried to rouse Selden and urge him to start interpreting them the very next day. Selden agreed, on condition that he be aided by Patrick Young, the Royal Librarian, and Richard James (then assisting Cotton in his library). Accordingly, the three men assembled at dawn in the gardens of Arundel House. Their attention was immediately caught by a large stele (about 8 ft. wide by 3 ft. high, later identified as a treaty between Smyrna and Magnesia), which was obviously of enormous historical interest.
The Event of the Event: The Unnamable
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is at least one obvious objection to what I have just said about Watt, and a not-so-obvious objection to what I have said about Murphy. The two objections coincide. First, does Beckett really categorically exclude the possibility of the event from Murphy? The obvious answer would seem to be yes, look at the first line of the novel: ‘The sun shone, having no alternative, on the nothing new’ (MU, 5). It seems to proscribe the event from the start, not least in its deliberately banal allusion to Ecclesiastes, and thus to introduce us to a world that is very remote from Badiou’s. But to say just this is to ignore the relationship between the locution and what it says.
Phonetic and psycholinguistic evidence
Authors: Mielke Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The existence and innateness of distinctive features has been argued on the basis of phonological and esperimental evidence. The experimental literature contains a wide variety of results which are often presented as evidence for distinctive features and their universality. Three mitigating factors are common to many phonetic and psycholinguistic studies involving features. First, some of these studies assume that distinctive features are innate, and test the predictions of different theories of universal distinctive features without considering the possibility that distinctive features are not innate. Second, some studies find evidence that segments sharing distinctive features are processed similarly but do not rule out the possibility that this may result from phonetic similarity, which is usually positively correlated with the number of shared features. Third, some studies find evidence for abstract features but do not find evidence that these features are innate rather than learned. In short, a variety of studies produce data that is relevant for answering questions about the existence of distinctive features, but there is no experimental evidence that distinctive features are innate.
Survey methods
Authors: Mielke Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that features are innate and able to describe most if not all phonologically active classes has been reinforced by phenomena reported in the phonology literature. Data which are difficult or impossible to analyze in innate feature theories tend not to get analyzed and therefore tend not to end up in theory-oriented publications. For this reason, the phonology literature is not the best place to find a random sample and to assess the ability of phonological features to account for phonological data. Assessing the ability of features to account for data requires a survey of a large sample of classes which are not selected according to their compatibility with any particular theory. However, no large-scale survey of phonologically active classes has previously been available to determine whether or not assumptions about innate features are valid, or to answer many different questions about distinctive features and their universality. This chapter describes the survey of phonologically active classes in 628 language varieties which is intended to address questions about distinctive features.
Ambivalent segments
Authors: Mielke Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has long been known that some speech sounds have less predictable phonological patterning than others. While some sounds have attracted a broad consensus concerning their appropriate representation, the phonological ambivalence of others has led to disagreements in how they should be represented, and the precise nature of their phonological specification has remained murky. The feature [continuant] is involved in a number of cases of representational murkiness. Since its introduction, there has generally been agreement that fricatives and vowels are most definitely [+continuant], and that oral stops are certainly [−continuant], but flaps, trills, and lateral liquids have been observed patterning as continuants with fricatives and also patterning as non-continuants with stops. The feature specification of these liquids has been appropriately controversial. The analysis in this chapter will account for ambivalent phonological behavior in terms of phonetic ambiguity. While ambivalent segments appear to be exceptions in innate feature theories, in emergent feature theory the phonologically consistent segments are special, owing to their phonetic unambiguity.
Survey results in terms of feature theories
Authors: Mielke Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reports an analysis of the 6,077 phonologically active classes in the database in terms of three well-known feature theories. Additional feature theories are brought in as appropriate when they are able to account for recurrent classes that the other theories cannot account for. As theories of universal features, these theories have been proposed ostensibly in order to describe all phonological phenomena in all (spoken) languages. As seen in Chapter 5, there are many classes they cannot account for. Some of these are crazy and some are phonetically sensible. The ranges of frequent/infrequent and phonetically natural/unnatural classes suggest a more gradient method for predicting the likelihood of a group of sounds patterning together; at the end of this chapter a model based on phonetic similarity is sketched, and it is seen that this has some promise.
The Voyage
Authors: Duberly Frances Isabella , Kelly Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even before Britain declared war on Russia on 28 March 1854 (see Appendix I) troops had been posted to Malta in anticipation of their deployment to Turkey. Early in April these regiments, reinforced by others, transferred to Gallipoli ready to defend the Mediterranean should the Russians break through the Turkish defences and reach Constantinople. In all, the initial expeditionary force eventually consisted of one cavalry and five infantry divisions, numbering about 26,000 men. The 8th Royal Irish Hussars, accompanied by Fanny Duberly, were among the last to leave England. By the time they arrived in Turkey both the British and the French armies had been ordered to Varna in Bulgaria to support the Turks who were besieged at Silistria on the Danube. After a few days in Constantinople the Hussars joined them there.
The Expedition to the Crimea
Authors: Duberly Frances Isabella , Kelly Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The embarkation for the Crimea took the British army six days, to the annoyance of the French, who loaded swiftly with no cavalry horses to winch on board but then had to wait idly for days in their overcrowded ships while cholera continued to decimate their ranks. The British transports were so crowded that each man was allowed only one horse and one piece of baggage. With so many men and horses emaciated and ailing, the lack of extra horses to carry equipment and transport the sick and wounded created problems from the moment they landed. The entire Heavy Brigade was also left behind, hampering the cavalry’s effectiveness during the battle of Alma. And with so little space on board, hundreds of desperate soldiers’ wives were abandoned on the quayside to fend for themselves.
Hungary and Slovakia: Compliance and its Discontents
Authors: Greskovits Béla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Meeting the requirements for euro entry appears to be a harder task for Hungary than for Slovakia. In 2007 Hungary failed to comply with any of the Maastricht convergence criteria and lacked a deadline for entering the Euro Area. Conversely, Slovakia fulfills all entry conditions and is allowed by the EU to introduce the euro in 2009. Hungary delayed the reform of its public sector until 2007. To demonstrate credible commitment to macroeconomic stability, Slovakia radically restructured its welfare state. These differences notwithstanding, since 2006 Hungary and Slovakia share a similarity with each other and, indeed, with many other east European new member states of the EU: the loss of political balance.
The Gentle Hand of a Woman? Trota and Women’s Medicine at Salerno
Authors: Green Monica H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kate Campbell Hurd-Mead, an American obstetrician and ardent proponent of the female medical authority ‘Trotula’ in the early part of the twentieth century, drew on rhetoric typical of her day when she argued for the feminine authorship of the Salernitan compendium of women’s medicine. Women’s capacity to practise medicine and especially to treat women and children was ‘innate’, she and many of her contemporary advocates of female physicians believed, a biologically inherent quality of women. Modern gender theories have rendered such essentialist beliefs in feminine character obsolete and we can no longer assume a priori how a woman would have practised medicine or that she would have done so with a ‘gentle hand’. Rather, we are accustomed now to see gender roles—the behaviours, occupations, dress, and self-expectations that societies deem appropriate for males or females—as contextually specific and, therefore, historically contingent.
Men’s Practice of Women’s Medicine in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries
Authors: Green Monica H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Boccaccio’s description of the ravages of the Black Death in Florence in 1348 is one of the most memorable we have, precisely because of his acuity in depicting the collapse of social order. One casualty of the chaos of this first great wave of the plague was sexual propriety: a patrician woman would now deign to show her body to a male servant, ‘provided that the nature of her infirmity required her to do so’. Given Boccaccio’s succinct (and I believe accurate) insight into the problem of sexual shame in medical practice, we may find it surprising that well before the onslaught of the Black Death in the mid fourteenth century, men had successfully expanded their gynaecological care of women beyond the levels we witnessed in twelfth-century Salerno.
Bruno’s Paradox: Women and Literate Medicine
Authors: Green Monica H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the Italian surgeon Bruno of Longobucco used female practitioners as the ultimate example of the dangers of illiterate medical practice, he was setting a rhetorical precedent that would be followed for centuries. Here, Bruno elaborates on a general condemnation of illiterate practice he found in one of his Arabic authorities, Rhazes, by adding the specific comment about female practitioners, whom Rhazes had not mentioned at all.
In a Language Women Understand: the Gender of the Vernacular
Authors: Green Monica H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women’s shame about their diseases, women’s reluctance to speak to men, women’s greater comfort with the vernacular. All these would lead us to believe that the Trotula, once rendered into the vernacular, would now pass directly into the hands of women who could, thereby, take control of their own health matters and entirely avoid men whether as practitioners or interpreters of written Latin texts. The opening claim in this thirteenth-century French translation of the Trotula certainly reinforces our expectations. But we would be wrong to assume that feminization was the only function of the vernacular. Yes, as we will see, several vernacular translations of the Trotula—like the French version above—were indeed meant specifically for women and were probably used by certain women within their own female textual communities. But as with the Latin Trotula, all known thirteenth- through fifteenth-century owners of manuscripts of the vernacular translations of the Trotula (and all other vernacular gynaecological texts for that matter) were male and, as I will argue below, codicological evidence often suggests audiences not far different from those the texts received in Latin.
The Masculine Birth of Gynaecology
Authors: Green Monica H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the time Michele Savonarola (d. 1466) was writing his Regimen for the Women of Ferrara in the middle of the fifteenth century, ‘Trotula’ had long since disappeared from the pantheon of gynaecological authorities acknowledged by northern Italian physicians. The last Italian medical writer who made direct use of the Trotula was Niccolò Falcucci (d. 1412) and even he made only vague allusions to the text, never mentioning ‘Trotula’s’ name or acknowledging that he drew on the work of an alleged female authority. For Savonarola and his peers in the mid fifteenth century, gynaecology was a field where masculine authorities reigned supreme: Galen, Rhazes, Avicenna, and, in Savonarola’s humanistic worldview, even such ancients as Ovid and Augustine.
Introduction
Authors: Cappelen Herman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If you vary the context of utterance enough, i.e. vary the audience, the conversational context, the background knowledge, etc., you can get any sentence to communicate different propositions. One central task for those interested in the semantics—pragmatics distinction is to identify and classify such patterns of inter-contextual variability. Having identified such patterns, we develop models that can explain them. In what follows, I first present some versions of three important models: the Semantic Model, the Pragmatic Model, and the Index Model. In the second half of the chapter, I present what I take to be some of the most pressing challenges facing those working in this field.
Meanings, Propositions, Context, and Semantical Underdeterminacy
Authors: Atlas Jay David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many years ago, when the world and we were young, in 1978 in fact, John Searle published in Erkenntnis 13: 207– 24 (reprinted in Searle 1979: 117– 36) a provocative article ‘‘Literal Meaning’’. In the essay Searle considers the sentence ‘The cat is on the mat’, in circumstances in which the cat and mat are in the prototypical spatial relationship of one being snuggled up to the other, except they are both floating freely in various orientations in outer space, in which there is no gravitational field with respect to which the cat is ‘‘above’’ the mat. Is the cat on the mat? Searle asserts that the notion of a literal meaning of ‘The cat is on the mat’ depends on assumptions like the existence of a local gravitational field in which ‘above’ and ‘below’ have an application. (What this amounts to in the ordinary, earth-bound case is that the assertion of ‘The cat is on the mat’ is true if and only if the cat is above and touching— in some typical fashion— the mat beneath it. The earth’s local gravitational field provides a preferred spatial orientation; freely falling bodies fall ‘‘down’’.) Searle’s thesis was that for:
Minimalism, Psychological Reality, Meaning, and Use
Authors: Jackman Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are familiar aspects of our linguistic practice that point towards the conclusion that many, if not most, terms in our language are semantically contextsensitive. For instance, in some contexts (discussing professional basketball players) we deny that someone is ‘‘tall’’ if they are under, say, 6”, while in others (discussing 2nd grade students) we claim that someone is ‘‘tall’’ if they are over 51. What counts as ‘‘tall’’ in some contexts does not in others, and many have argued that the semantics for ‘‘tall’’ should reflect this (call these ‘‘context shifting arguments’’). Further, some argue that, even with the meaning of ‘‘John’’ fixed, in absence of a surrounding context, sentences like ‘‘John is tall’’ or ‘‘John is ready’’ can seem to have no determinate meaning at all, that is to say, we have no idea just what is being said by such sentences in the absence of any completing context (call these ‘‘incompleteness arguments’’).
Art, architecture, and marriage
Authors: Hewison Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ruskin ’s initial hopes of returning to Oxford in the autumn of 1840 had been dashed by further slight haemorrhages, so his parents took him abroad, on a long continental tour from September 1840 to October 1841. The party travelled as far south as Naples, and spent two periods in Rome; Ruskin liked neither city. In Rome, however, he met Joseph Severn, the friend of Keats, whose son Arthur would marry Ruskin’s cousin Joan Agnew and become his heir and unsympathetic guardian.