bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between skill training and skill transfer through the example of bimanual motor learning
Authors: Schoenfeld Marleen J. , Thom Jude , Williams Jade , Stagg Charlotte J. , Zich Catharina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSkill training aims to improve the performance of the task at hand and aims to transfer the acquired skill to related tasks. Both skill training and skill transfer are part of our everyday lives, and essential for survival, and their importance is reflected in years of research. Despite these enormous efforts, however, the complex relationship between skill training and skill transfer is not yet portrayed completely. Building upon two theories, we probed this relationship through the example of bimanual learning with a large cross‐sectional design (N = 450) using an online framework. We designed five training tasks which differed in the variance of the training material (schema theory) and three transfer tasks differing in their similarity to the training task (identical elements theory).Theoretically, the five training tasks and the three transfer tasks varied approximately linearly from each other. Empirical data, however, suggested merely the presence of three statistically different training tasks and two significantly different transfer tasks, indicating a nonlinear relationship. Against our expectation, Bayesian statistics suggested that the type of skill training was not related to the type of skill transfer. However, the amount of skill training was positively related to the amount of skill transfer.Together, we showed that motor learning studies can be conducted online. Further, our results shed light on the complex relationship between skill training and skill transfer. Understanding this relationship has wide‐ranging practical implications for the general population, particularly for musicians, athletes and patients recovering from injury.
First report of Cryptocline taxicola (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) causing needle cast disease on common yew in Algeria
Authors: Aouali Souhila 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis short report describes the occurrence of Cryptocline taxicola (Allesch.) Petr. causing needle cast on Taxus baccata L. trees in natural stands in Algeria. Symptoms of fungal infection were observed on the trees' crowns. Closer inspection of collected needles showed the presence of dark brown fungal fruiting bodies on the upper and the lower sides of the needles. The visual symptoms and the microscopical study allowed the fungus to be identified as C. taxicola. This is the first report of this pathogen in Algeria. A detailed description of the fungus is given.
Genome size variation and evolution during invasive range expansion in an introduced plant
Authors: Cang F. Alice , Welles Shana R. , Wong Jenny , Ziaee Maia , Dlugosch Katrina M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlants demonstrate exceptional variation in genome size across species, and their genome sizes can also vary dramatically across individuals and populations within species. This aspect of genetic variation can have consequences for traits and fitness, but few studies attributed genome size differentiation to ecological and evolutionary processes. Biological invasions present particularly useful natural laboratories to infer selective agents that might drive genome size shifts across environments and population histories. Here, we test hypotheses for the evolutionary causes of genome size variation across 14 invading populations of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis, in California, United States. We use a survey of genome sizes and trait variation to ask: (1) Is variation in genome size associated with developmental trait variation? (2) Are genome sizes smaller toward the leading edge of the expansion, consistent with selection for “colonizer” traits? Or alternatively, does genome size increase toward the leading edge of the expansion, consistent with predicted consequences of founder effects and drift? (3) Finally, are genome sizes smaller at higher elevations, consistent with selection for shorter development times? We found that 2C DNA content varied 1.21‐fold among all samples, and was associated with flowering time variation, such that plants with larger genomes reproduced later, with lower lifetime capitula production. Genome sizes increased toward the leading edge of the invasion, but tended to decrease at higher elevations, consistent with genetic drift during range expansion but potentially strong selection for smaller genomes and faster development time at higher elevations. These results demonstrate how genome size variation can contribute to traits directly tied to reproductive success, and how selection and drift can shape that variation. We highlight the influence of genome size on dynamics underlying a rapid range expansion in a highly problematic invasive plant.
Resolution of two cases of ovarian abscesses in mares subjected to ovum pick up
Authors: Fernández‐Hernández Pablo , Valero‐González Marta , Fuentes‐Romero Beatriz , Iglesias‐García Manuel , Ezquerra‐Calvo Luis Javier , Martín‐Cuervo Maria , Macías‐García Beatriz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, for in vitro embryo production in live mares, immature oocytes are retrieved by transvaginal follicular aspiration or ovum pick up (OPU). Occasionally, ovarian abscesses have been described after OPU, but no current consensus exists on how to treat this condition.ObjectivesTo describe diagnosis and successful treatment of ovarian abscesses in two mares subjected to OPU.Study designCase report.MethodsCase records were reviewed and summarised.ResultsIn the first case, a pony mare showed tachypnoea, tachycardia, high temperature, leukocytosis, left hindlimb lameness and slight increase in concentration of serum amyloid A. Ultrasonography revealed an increase in the size of the left ovary and two well defined structures suggestive of ovarian abscess. A left ovariectomy by standing laparoscopy was the treatment of choice: the diagnosis was confirmed, and bacterial culture produced heavy growth of Streptococcus equi Zooepidemicus. In the second mare, an abnormal structure was observed in the left ovary in a routine transrectal ultrasonographic exam in the absence of any clinical signs or abnormal blood parameters. A medical approach was chosen and a sample of the purulent material was aspirated with a transvaginal ultrasound‐guided approach. The sample yielded a heavy growth of Streptococcus equi Zooepidemicus after culture. Treatment was initiated with rifampicin and trimethoprim—sulfadiazine based on the antibiogram results and the abscess completely resolved after 40 days.Main limitationsLimited to two cases.ConclusionsOvarian abscesses in mares can be successfully treated both surgically and medically.
Survival rates and factors associated with survival and laminitis of horses with acute diarrhoea admitted to referral institutions
Authors: Gomez Diego E. , Dunkel Bettina , Renaud David L. , Arroyo Luis G. , Schoster Angelika , Kopper Jamie J. , Byrne David ,   The MEDS group, Toribio Ramiro E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinicopathological findings and their association with the outcome and development of laminitis in horses with acute diarrhoea has not been investigated in a multicentre study across different geographic regions.ObjectivesDescribe and compare clinicopathologic findings of diarrhoeic horses between different geographic regions, survival rates and factors associated with non‐survival and laminitis.Study designMulticentre retrospective case series.MethodsInformation from horses with acute diarrhoea presenting to participating institutions between 2016 and 2020 was collected, and clinicopathological data were compared between surviving and non‐surviving horses and horses that did and did not develop laminitis. Survival rates and seasonal and geographic differences were also investigated.ResultsOne thousand four hundred thirty‐eight horses from 26 participating institutions from 4 continents were included; 76% survived to discharge with no differences identified between geographic regions. The survival proportion of horses with SIRS and creatinine concentrations > 159 μmol/L was 55% (154/279) compared with 81% (358/437) for those with SIRS and creatinine concentrations < 159 μmol/L (p < 0.001). The survival proportion of horses with SIRS that had an L‐lactate concentration > 2.8 mmol/L was 59% (175/298) compared with 81% (240/296) in horses with SIRS and L‐lactate concentration < 2.8 mmol/L (p < 0.001). The proportion of horses that developed laminitis was lower in Europe (4%, 19/479) compared with North America (8%, 52/619), Australia (8%, 12/138) and Latin America (11%, 16/146) (p < 0.05). More horses developed laminitis in the summer (46%, 39/85) compared with winter (18%, 15/85), spring (18%, 15/85) and fall (19%, 16/85) (p < 0.01). Horses with laminitis had greater odds of non‐survival than those without laminitis (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.47–5.65).Main limitationsNot all variables were available for all horses due to the retrospective nature.ConclusionsClinicopathological findings in horses with acute diarrhoea and their association with survival are similar across geographic regions. However, developing laminitis secondary to diarrhoea is less common in Europe. In addition, factors associated with non‐survival were indicative of disease severity and subsequent cardiovascular compromise.
Exploring the experiences of heritage speakers as world language teachers of Spanish: Professional experiences and challenges
Authors: Novella Miguel Á. , Bustamante Carolina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis follow‐up study explored the experiences of eight Latina heritage speakers (HSs), who were initially enrolled in world language teacher preparation programs at two educational institutions in the United States and who became in‐service Spanish teachers. Using data from interviews, classroom observations, and a focus group, this qualitative multiple‐case study investigated their motivation to stay in the profession, professional development needs, challenges they experienced as teachers of Spanish, and how their self‐perceptions and attitudes about their use of Spanish evolved from pre‐ to in‐service teacher stages regarding their proficiency, use of code‐switching and register, and knowledge of grammar. Findings highlight the importance of supporting HSs as an essential component of teacher education programs and the workforce in world language teaching; the need for coursework that illuminates register differences but always values and legitimizes their own way of speaking; the need for world language education and Spanish language faculty in teacher preparation programs to establish common, coordinated goals for preservice teachers; and academic training for HSs in pedagogy and sociolinguistics, not only at the preservice teacher level, but also as professional development for all members in world language departments, in both K‐12 and higher education settings.
Evaluating Flow Distribution in a Multiaquifer Recharge Well Using an In Situ Flowmeter
Authors: Martinez Meredith B. , Widdowson Mark A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuantifying the flow rate distribution in a multiple‐screen recharge well is relevant to understanding groundwater flow and solute transport behavior in managed aquifer recharge (MAR) operations. In this study, an impeller flowmeter was deployed to measure flow rate distribution in a multiple‐screen MAR well under both recharge and pumping conditions screened in the multiple‐strata of the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system. Preferential flow distribution in the well was observed through the uppermost screens during recharge while flow distribution was more evenly distributed along all screens under pumping conditions. Analysis of flow along individual screens also indicates preferential flow to the upper part of the screen during both recharge and pumping. Comparison of flowmeter results under both recharge and pumping conditions to previous site‐specific measurements suggests that the distribution of flow may vary with time, depending on well screen condition and well rehabilitation efforts, and should be monitored over the duration of an MAR project. These results have implications for groundwater quality given that flow distribution in a multiscreen recharge well has profound impact on travel time and on transport modeling if flow is assumed to be steady and consistent under a range of operational conditions.
Association of bone mineral density and potential risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Biernat Monika Maria , Jędrzejuk Diana , Urbaniak‐Kujda Donata , Biernat Paweł , Laszkowska‐Lewko Magdalena , Landwójtowicz Marcin , Majdak Ewelina , Podolak‐Dawidziak Maria , Wróbel Tomasz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn people with haemophilia (PWH), recurrent episodes of bleeding lead to joint deterioration and bone resorption. To date, the effects of various other factors on bone mineral density (BMD) reduction have found conflicting results.AimThe aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), and trabecular bone score (TBS) parameters based on the dual X‐ray absorptiometry method (DXA) and potential risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with severe haemophilia A.MethodsFifty‐five men with severe haemophilia A, aged 18–68 years, and 59 healthy volunteer men were enrolled in this study. Densitometric‐derived lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, BMC, and TBS were measured. Blood analyses were performed for morphology parameters, liver and kidney function parameters, and viral status. Serum levels of oestradiol (E2), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA‐S), parathormone, and vitamin D were measured.ResultsPatients showed significantly lower BMD compared to controls (p < .003). The result below the expected range for age was nearly double (6.82% vs. 3.92%) in PWH under 50 years old compared to controls. Haemophilic patients also exhibited significantly higher vitamin D3 deficiency (p < .0001), which was strongly associated with low TBS. Additionally, low body mass index and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were correlated with low BMC and BMD.ConclusionsThis study confirms the prevalence of low BMD and BMC in patients with haemophilia in Poland. Factors that contribute to low BMD are primarily vitamin D deficiency, low BMI, high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and low testosterone/oestradiol ratio.
A single‐centre experience of 29 total ankle replacement in haemophiliac patients: Therapeutic management, factor consumption and cost
Authors: Favrelle Louise , Masson Jean‐Baptiste , Parat Stéphanie , Carre Emmanuelle , Fessy Michel , Rioufol Catherine , Lienhart Anne , Chamouard Valérie , Besse Jean‐Luc 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with haemophilia, repeated bleeding in large joints leads to chronic haemophilic arthropathy, a rare disease that can be managed surgically with ankle arthrodesis or with total ankle replacement (TAR). TAR has been reported to provide good surgical results in the medium/long‐term and allow preservation of joint mobility but the medical therapeutic management of the patients has not been described.AimTo describe the medical therapeutic management of TAR.MethodsAll patients with haemophilia A/B, with haemophilic ankle arthropathy, and who underwent TAR between April 2006 and October 2019 were retrospectively included. Factor consumption, perioperative and early complications, volume of blood lost, and orthopaedic data were collected.ResultsA total of 25 patients underwent 29 TAR (mean age was 44.7 years [range: 26–65]). In the 17 patients with HA without history of anti‐FVIII inhibitor, the mean ± SD consumption the day of surgery was 116 ± 16 UI/kg when clotting factors were administered by continuous infusion, 106 ± 13 UI/kg when SHL factors were administered by bolus infusion, and 75 ± 22 UI/kg when EHL factors were administered by bolus infusion. During hospitalisation, the mean factor cost was €38,073 (83.7% of the total cost of surgery). Mean blood loss was significantly lower in patients treated with tranexamic acid (164 mL, range: 40–300) than in those not (300 mL, range: 70–800; p = .01). Six patients had haematoma. The 10‐year survival free of any prosthesis removal/arthrodesis was estimated to be 92.2% (95% CI [83; 100]).ConclusionThe medical therapeutic management of TAR is complex, carried out by a multidisciplinary team but effective in avoiding the occurrence of complications.
Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature
Authors: Ombugadu A. , Hassan Z. A. , Ibrahim J. I. , Atabo L. O. , Ayim J. O. , Attah S. A. , Maikenti J. I. , Parlato B. P. , Deme G. G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The specific factors that influence spatial community or population dynamics are often elusive, and even less known is the impact of tropical urban landscapes on diverse species community assemblages.
To address this knowledge gap, we used a survey data set with 510 fruit‐feeding butterflies comprising 20 species across two heterogeneous habitats within a city in Nigeria. Next, we constructed generalised linear mixed models to understand the differential responses of the butterfly community to changes in environmental conditions across habitats.
Butterfly species community assemblages significantly differed between the two urban habitats, with butterfly species significantly higher in the savannah woodland compared with the gallery forest due to the optimal daily temperatures of the savannah woodland. However, butterfly richness was lower in the gallery forest due to extreme environmental conditions.
This study highlights that butterfly community changes in tropical urban landscapes are possibly responding to local microclimates and spatial heterogeneity across habitats.
For evidence‐based conservation management of tropical butterfly biodiversity, there would be need for a long‐term, extensive and systematic insect monitoring programme for butterflies across disturbed and undisturbed fragmented habitats harbouring diverse insect species.
Competition among invasive and endemic carrion fly species in theGalapagos Islandswith implications for biological control risk assessment
Authors: Ramirez Ismael E. , Yar Joselyn , Sinclair Bradley J. , Torres Ana K. , Causton Charlotte E. , Heimpel George E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe composition of the necrobiome community in the Galapagos Islands is poorly understood, and nothing is known about the dynamics between endemic species and those introduced through human activity.To determine the composition of the carrion fly community, specifically members of the families Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, we deployed four kinds of carrion bait traps during the cool and hot seasons at two lowland and two highland sites on Santa Cruz Island within the Galapagos archipelago. We also conducted a laboratory experiment to assess resource competition between fly species encountered in the baiting study.Of the eight fly species found in our baited traps, all were introduced except for the endemic sarcophagid,Sarothromyiops dasycnemis.Four endemic and one native carrion‐feeding species that had been previously recorded on this island were not found. The introduced sarcophagid,Peckia chrysostoma, was the most abundant fly species, comprising over half of the collected specimens, and it was highly dominant at the lowland sites. The endemic species,S. dasycnemis, was only recorded at the lowland sites during the hot season. On the other hand, the calliphorid species were dominant at the highland sites.Experiments demonstrated thatP. chrysostomais a strong competitor against other carrion fly species in the Galapagos necrobiome, including the endemicS. dasycnemis.A comparison of our data with historical records, combined with the results of our laboratory study, leads to the conclusion that introduced carrion fly species, such asP. chrysostoma, represent a threat to endemic carrion fly species, such asS. dasycnemis.Three parasitoid species were reared from 19% of the collected fly puparia. Two of these species attacked fly larvae (Brachymeria podagricaandAphaeretasp.), whereas one species attacked fly puparia (Exoristobiasp.)We discuss our results in light of the possibility of the purposeful introduction of a parasitoid as a biological control agent against the avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi; Diptera: Muscidae) in Galapagos.
Investigation of piroctone olamine delivery to the skin from single, binary and ternary solvent systems
Authors: Tang Chun Fung , Pudney Paul D. A. , Lane Majella E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveDisruption of the protective stratum corneum barrier increases the skin's vulnerability to microorganisms and facilitates conditions such as dandruff. Dandruff is a disorder of the scalp that causes increased scaling of the SC and is associated with Malassezia fungus. Consequently, many anti‐dandruff commercial products use anti‐fungal active ingredients such as piroctone olamine also known as Octopirox (OPX). OPX is an active ingredient used in a number of topical preparations for the management of dandruff. The characterization of the physicochemical properties of OPX was previously reported. The aim of the present work was to investigate a range of solvent systems for their effects on OPX interaction with human skin.MethodsThe solvents used in this study were propylene glycol (PG), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether or Transcutol® (TC), PG monolaurate (PGML), isopropyl myristate (IPM), caprylic/capric triglyceride or Labrafac™ Lipophile WL 1349 (LAB), PG caprylate or Capryol® 90 (CAP), isostearyl isostearate (ISIS) and Plurol® Oleique CC 497 (PIOI). The single solvent systems evaluated were PG, TC, PGML, IPM, ISIS and CAP. For the binary solvent systems, PG and TC were examined. Ternary solvent systems consisted of: PG, TC and LAB; PG, PGML and LAB; and PG, TC and IPM. The concentration of OPX used was 1% (w/v). Heat‐separated human epidermis was used for 24 h permeation experiments performed under finite dose conditions; mass balance studies were also conducted.ResultsFor the six single solvents examined no permeation was evident. Skin permeation of OPX was observed for binary and ternary solvent systems. The highest permeation for all PG:TC binary solvent system ratios tested was from the PG:TC (75:25) system. For the ternary solvent systems investigated, highest cumulative permeation of OPX was observed for PG:PGML:LAB (60:30:10). Considering all systems, PG:TC (75:25) delivered the greatest amount of OPX through the skin. Although OPX is deposited in the skin following the application of neat solvents, higher skin retention values were generally observed for binary and ternary systems.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the permeation behaviour of OPX for a range of single, binary and ternary solvent systems.