bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are There More HER2 FISH in the Sea? An Institution’s Experience in Identifying HER2 Positivity Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization in Patients with HER2 Negative Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Suydam Camille , Chibane Fairouz , Brown Nicole , Schlafly Madeleine , Arnold Alicia H. , Ghleilib Intisar , Easley Melissa , White Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Approximately 20% of breast cancers express HER2-positive receptors in the USA. HER2 receptor immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with equivocal (2+) results commonly undergoes fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for further classification. Current guidelines do not recommend routine FISH testing in IHC-negative (0 or 1+) cases. This study investigates an institution that performs both IHC and FISH testing on all cases to identify the true HER2-positive rate.

Patients and Methods
A retrospective chart review from 2015 to 2021 was conducted at an institution where both HER2 IHC and FISH testing were performed at the time of diagnosis for all invasive breast cancers. The rate of true HER2-positive patients was determined, and patient and tumor characteristics were further explored.

Results
A total of 1835 invasive breast cancer cases were primarily treated at this institution. A total of 289 cases were HER2 positive on IHC and FISH testing (15.7%). An additional 38 cases were identified as HER2 negative on IHC, but reclassified as HER2 positive on reflex FISH testing. Total HER2 positive cases increased from 289 (15.7%) to 327 cases (17.8%) with reflex FISH testing.

Conclusions
The additional HER2-positive cases after completing FISH testing on IHC-negative tumors suggests there may be a role for routine FISH testing in addition to standard IHC staining to determine HER2 status for breast cancer. The ethical, prognostic and even benefits of a correct diagnosis outweigh the added expense of FISH testing.
The Global Determinants of International Equity Risk Premiums
Authors: Londono Juan M. , Xu Nancy R. 
Published: November 2023

We examine the commonalities in international equity risk premiums by linking empirical evidence for the ability of U.S. downside and upside variance risk premiums (DVP and UVP, respectively) to predict international stock returns with implications from an empirical model featuring asymmetric economic uncertainty and risk aversion. We find that DVP and UVP predict international stock returns through U.S. bad and good macroeconomic uncertainties, respectively. Sixty percent to 80% of the dynamics of the global equity risk premium for horizons under seven months are driven by economic uncertainty, whereas risk aversion appears more relevant for longer horizons. The predictability patterns of DVP and UVP vary across countries depending on those countries’ financial and economic exposure to global shocks. In those with higher economic exposure, investors demand higher compensation for bad macroeconomic uncertainty but lower compensation for good macroeconomic uncertainty, whereas the compensation for bad macroeconomic uncertainty is lower for countries with high financial exposure. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The data and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4958 .
Integrating the wrist-worn tracker in cardiac rehabilitation programmes: a scoping review
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Syazwani , Lee Wan Ling , Rampal Sanjay , Suhaimi Anwar 
Published: November 2023

Background/AimsPhysical activity has been recommended as a secondary prevention strategy to reduce the risk of recurrent adverse events and improve health. While it can be challenging for health practitioners to motivate patients to remain physically active, wrist-worn activity trackers can assist in monitoring adherence. The aim of this study was to identify and summarise the existing scientific literature on wrist-worn activity trackers monitoring physical activity among patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. The authors also aimed to identify evidence gaps that require further investigation.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Method quality was appraised using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews instrument. The study focused on any physical activity data collected by wrist-worn activity trackers in cardiac rehabilitation.ResultsA total of 19 relevant records were identified. Wrist-worn activity trackers generally improved the patient's physical activity and the validity of heart rate and step count measurements was acceptable. Some studies demonstrated improvements in exercise capacity and health-related quality of life.ConclusionsWrist-worn activity trackers can help to monitor patients' physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation, with potential benefits for exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. Further research is necessary to strengthen the evidence that wrist-worn activity trackers may be beneficial to evaluate clinical outcomes, determine the intervention cost, acceptability of patients and allied health professionals, as well as explore feedback, including technical issues.
ACUTE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME: RESULTS OF A PROTOCOL FOR EARLY NERVE DECOMPRESSION AND SURGICAL STABILIZATION FOR BONY WRIST TRAUMA
Authors: Jeffrey Hamish , Samuel Thomas , Hayter Edward , Lee George , Little Max , Hardman John , Anakwe Raymond 
Published: November 2023

We undertook this study to investigate the outcomes of surgical treatment for acute carpal tunnel syndrome following our protocol for concurrent nerve decompression and skeletal stabilization for bony wrist trauma to be undertaken within 48-hours.We identified all patients treated at our trauma centre following this protocol between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019. All patients were clinically reviewed at least 12 months following surgery and assessed using the Brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (bMHQ), the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and sensory assessment with Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing.The study group was made up of 35 patients. Thirty-three patients were treated within 36-hours. Patients treated with our unit protocol for early surgery comprising nerve decompression and bony stabilization within 36-hours, report excellent outcomes at medium term follow up.We propose that nerve decompression and bony surgical stabilization should be undertaken as soon as practically possible once the diagnosis is made. This is emergent treatment to protect and preserve nerve function. In our experience, the vast majority of patients were treated within 24-hours.
MEDIUM-TERM OUTCOMES FOR SURGICAL VERSUS NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT FOR BENNETT'S FRACTURES OF THE THUMB METACARPAL: A MATCHED COHORT STUDY
Authors: Battle Joseph , Francis Jonathan , Patel Vijay , Hardman John , Anakwe Raymond 
Published: November 2023

There is no agreement as to the superiority or specific indications for cast treatment, percutaneous pinning or open fracture fixation for Bennett's fractures of the thumb metacarpal. We undertook this study to compare the outcomes of treatment for patients treated for Bennett's fracture in the medium term.We reviewed 33 patients treated in our unit for a bennett's fracture to the thumb metacarpal with closed reduction and casting. Each patient was matched with a patient treated surgically. Patients were matched for sex, age, Gedda grade of injury and hand dominance. Patients were reviewed at a minimum of 5-years and 66-patients were reviewed in total. Patients were examined clinically and also asked to complete a DASH questionnaire score and the brief Michigan hand questionnaire. Follow up plain radiographs were taken of the thumb and these were reviewed and graded for degenerative change using the Eaton-Littler score.Sixty-six patients were included in the study, with 33 in the surgical and non-surgical cohorts respectively. The average age was 39 years old. In each cohort, 12/33 were female, 19/33 were right-handed with 25% of individuals injuring their dominant hand. In each coort there were 16 Grade 1 fractures, 4 Grade 2 and 13 Grade 3 fractures. There was no difference between the surgically treated and cast-treatment cohorts of patients when radiographic arthritis, pinch grip, the brief Michigan Hand Questionnaire and pain were assessed at final review. The surgical cohort had significantly lower DASH scores at final follow-up. There was no significant difference in the normalised bMHQ scores.Our study was unable to demonstrate superiority of either operative or non-operative fracture stabilization. Patients in the surgical cohort reported superior satisfaction and DASH scores but did not demonstrate any superiority in any other objectively measured domain.
PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS INITIATING ANTI-RETROVIRAL DRUGS LIVING IN JOHANNESBURG
Authors: Khumalo Mzwakhe 
Published: November 2023

Low-energy fractures complications are a major public health issue that make osteoporosis even worse. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of osteoporosis varies from 18.2% to 65.8%. There was no change in bone mineral density between HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV is widespread. Other investigations that demonstrated that HIV-infected people had poor BMD both before and after starting anti-retroviral treatment did not consistently show a low BMD finding. Inflammation-mediated bone remodelling has been associated with low BMD in HIV-infected patients. Antiretroviral Therapy has been demonstrated to exacerbate bone loss in addition to the pre-existing intrinsic risk of developing osteoporosis.Question: Is there loss of bone in HIV-infected patients before initiating ART?The patients who were HIV-positive and enrolled in the ADVANCE research were retrospectively reviewed on a desk. All of the 1053 individuals in the ADVANCE research had a DXA scan performed to evaluate BMD as part of the initial screening and recruitment approach. The ADVANCE research enrolled HIV-positive people and randomly assigned them to three ART arms.A total of 400 patients were reviewed. Of these 400 records reviewed, 62.3% were female. 80% of the participants were younger than 40 years old, and 3% were older than 50 years. 82% were virally suppressed with less than 50 viral copies. The prevalence of osteopenia was 25.5% and osteoporosis was 2.8%, observed in predominantly African female participants aged between 30 and 39 years.The findings of this study confirm that there is pre-existing bone loss among HIV-infected ART naïve individuals. Approximately 28.3% in our study had clinically confirmed evidence of bone loss and of these, 2.8% of the entire cohort had osteoporosis. Bone loss was most prevalent in black females who are virologically suppressed.
User centered system design and prototype for household food waste reduction
Authors: Cappelletti Federica , Papetti Alessandra , Rossi Marta , Germani Michele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The total quantity of food waste in Europe has been estimated at around 88 million tons per year. About 42 % is thrown out by households, of which 60 % would be avoidable by increasing users’ awareness. The present paper aims to develop an integrated system to reduce household food waste and improve the end-users’ lifestyle in terms of health and well-being. A smart fridge able to track the stocks, a web application and a set of related services have been designed and prototyped to guide the user in the proper storage of food and support him/her in purchase planning and food preparation. The system was positively evaluated in terms of usability, it is use contributes to both environmental and economic benefits, leading respectively to a reduction of environmental impacts of about 21 % and a yearly savings amounting up to 285 €, in comparison with a traditional system.
Structure of the Macdonald groups in one parameter
Authors: Montoya Ocampo Alexander , Szechtman Fernando 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consider the Macdonald groups

G
⁢

(
α
)

=

⟨

A
,
B

∣

A

[
A
,
B
]

=

A
α

,

B

[
B
,
A
]

=

B
α

⟩

G(\alpha)=\langle A,B\mid A^{[A,B]}=A^{\alpha},\,B^{[B,A]}=B^{\alpha}\rangle

,

α
∈
Z

\alpha\in\mathbb{Z}

.
We fill a gap in Macdonald’s proof that

G
⁢

(
α
)

G(\alpha)

is always nilpotent, and proceed to determine the order, upper and lower central series, nilpotency class, and exponent of

G
⁢

(
α
)

G(\alpha)

.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer characteristics of inclined aluminium two phase closed thermosyphon
Authors: Mutalikdesai Sachin V. , Kate Ajit M. , Shinde Tarang R. , Kumar Gupta Naveen , Panchal Hitesh , Natrayan L. , Meena Radhey Shyam , Siddiqui Md Irfanul Haque , Patel Anand , Kumar Abhinav 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA reduction in the size of electronic equipment increases the heat generation rate. Failure of electronic equipment occurs if the heat is not dissipated properly. This paper examines the performance of aluminium two-phase closed thermosyphon for cooling electronic equipment. Acetone charged aluminium two-phase closed thermosyphon was fabricated with an inside diameter of 17.05 mm and 1 mm thickness. A series of experimentations were performed for inclination angles of 10°–90° at selected filling ratios of 30, 60 and 100 %, along with heat inputs of 100, 200 and 300 W. The condenser section flow rate of water was maintained constant. Minimum thermal resistance was obtained at a 30° inclination angle for all filling ratios and heat inputs. The evaporator and condenser sections have a maximum heat transfer coefficient at a 30° inclination angle. Thermosyphon, with a 30 % or 60 % filling ratio, performed better than a 100 % filling ratio for all inclination angles and heat inputs. As the heat input was increased, the heat transfer coefficients of the evaporator and condenser section were increased, whereas total thermal resistance decreased. For 300 W heat input and 30 % filling ratio, the minimum thermal resistance at a 30° inclination angle was 0.158 °C/W. It is found that, the same heat input and filling ratio, the maximum heat transfer coefficient value for the evaporator and condenser section at a 30° inclination angle was 1602 W/m2 °C and 5652 W/m2 °C, respectively.
Evaluation of placental oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy in relation to ultrasound maturation grade in physiological term pregnancies
Authors: Jakovac Marinela Bakotin , Etrusco Andrea , Mikuš Mislav , Roje Damir , Marusic Jelena , Palada Ivan , Kosovic Indira , Aracic Nadja , Sunj Martina , Laganà Antonio Simone , Chiantera Vito , Dujic Zeljko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A prospective observational study (ClinicalTrial ID: NCT05771415) was conducted to compare placental oxygenation in low-risk, uncomplicated term pregnancies measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in relation to the placental maturity grade determined by ultrasound assessment according to the Grannum scale. We included 34 pregnancies divided into two groups according to placental maturation. For each pregnancy, measurements were taken at the site above the central part of the placenta (test) and at the site outside of the placenta on the lower abdomen (control). Student’s t-test was used to compare tissue oxygenation index (TOI) values among the study groups. The normality of distribution was proven by the Kolmogorov‒Smirnov test. In women with low placental maturity grade, the mean TOI value above the placenta was 70.38 ± 3.72, which was lower than the respective value in women with high placental maturity grade (77.99 ± 3.71; p < 0.001). The TOI values above the placenta and the control site were significantly different in both groups (70.38 ± 3.72 vs 67.83 ± 3.21 and 77.99 ± 3.71 vs 69.41 ± 3.93; p < 0.001). The results offer a new perspective on placental function based on specific non-invasive real-time oxygenation measurements. Unfortunately, and because of technical limitations, NIRS cannot yet be implemented as a routine clinical tool.
Rotational photonic spin Hall effect
Authors: Ke Yougang , Bian Yongfeng , Tang Qiang , Tian Jibo , Zeng Linzhou , Chen Yu , Zhou Xinxing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Multidimensional manipulation of photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) has attracted considerable interest due to its potential in a wide variety of spin-based applications. Plenty of research efforts have been devoted to transverse or longitudinal spin-dependent splitting; however, the splitting pattern that can self-rotate in a three-dimensional (3-D) space appears to be missing in literature. In this paper, we introduce a novel 3-D rotational PSHE, which can be realized and tuned using well-designed Pancharatnam–Berry phase metasurfaces. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we first show that when a single dielectric metasurface is used, the lobe-structured spin-splitting patterns on the transverse planes rotate and evolve along the propagation path. Then, we present that under two cascaded metasurfaces, the rotation angle of the splitting patterns are tunable by adjusting the relative rotation angle between the two metasurfaces. Finally, we manifest that the lobe number of the two spin-dependent splitting patterns can be independently controlled once we introduce a dynamic phase, which produces an asymmetrical rotational PSHE. The demonstrated phenomena can be used to achieve active manipulation of spin photons in multiple dimensions, and the developed device might find potential applications in various areas, e.g., optical microscopy.
Effectiveness of multi-junction cells in near-field thermophotovoltaic devices considering additional losses
Authors: Song Jaeman , Choi Minwoo , Lee Bong Jae 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy converters hold substantial potential in converting thermal radiation from high-temperature emitters into electrical energy through photovoltaic (PV) cells, offering applications ranging from solar energy harvesting to waste heat recovery. Near-field TPV (NF-TPV) devices, focused on enhancing power output density (POD), exhibit unique potential by harnessing photon tunneling. However, this potential can be mitigated by additional losses arising from high photocurrent densities and corresponding scalability issues. This study comprehensively investigates the effectiveness of multi-junction-based NF-TPV devices, accounting for additional losses. We propose two approximative expressions to quantify the impact of additional losses and characterize current density-voltage curves. Verification against rigorously optimized results establishes a criterion for effective performance. Our method provides precise POD estimations even for devices with 10 or more subcells, facilitating performance analysis across parameters like vacuum gap distance, cell width, emitter temperature, and the number of subcells compared to far-field counterparts. This research outlines a roadmap for the scalable design of NF-TPV devices, emphasizing the role of multi-junction PV cells. The analytical framework we developed will provide vital insights for future high-performance TPV devices.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2-((4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-2,6-difluorophenyl)amino)benzoate, C20H18F2N2O3
Authors: Tang Wenqiang , Gao Yanrong , Xu Xiaona , Zhu Zhoujing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
C20H18F2N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.5573(10) Å, b = 14.519(2) Å, c = 16.245(2) Å, β = 98.187(3)°, V = 1764.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0420 wRref
(F
2) = 0.1142, T = 205 K.
Comparison of Score-Driven Equity-Gold Portfolios During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Model Confidence Sets
Authors: Ayala Astrid , Blazsek Szabolcs , Licht Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gold may have a hedge, safe haven, or diversifier property when added to stock portfolios. Motivated by the favorable statistical properties and out-of-sample performance of score-driven models, we investigate for equity-gold portfolios whether score-driven mean, volatility, and copula models can improve the performances of DCC (dynamic conditional correlation) portfolios, the naïve portfolio strategy, and the Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) index. We consider 2880 score-driven portfolio strategies. We use score-driven Clayton, rotated Clayton, Frank, Gaussian, Gumbel, rotated Gumbel, Plackett, and Student’s t copulas. We use several classical and score-driven models of marginal distribution. We use weekly, monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, and annual updates of portfolio weights. We use minimum-variance, maximum Sharpe ratio, and maximum utility function strategies. We use rolling data-windows for portfolio optimization for the COVID-19 investment period of February 2020 to September 2021. We classify competing portfolios by using a new robust multi-step model confidence set (MCS) test approach and provide evidence of the superiority of score-driven portfolios.
“Its Leaves Are Like the Daughter of the Willow”: The Herbal Genre in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Schiødt Sofie 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The ancient Egyptian herbal genre remains poorly documented, with only two fragmentary herbal treatises and a few handfuls of isolated herbal entries preserved. Recently, however, an herbal treatise has come to light, which is so far only published in part, and which provides important new information on this branch of ancient Egyptian medical practice. The treatise is recorded in pLouvre E 32847 + pCarlsberg 917 and differs significantly from the rest of the extant herbal corpus in that it concerns a single plant and its seed exclusively. As such, the treatise represents a subtype of the herbal genre, which we might term the specialized herbal. It presents a more nuanced image of the herbal genre and the reasons for recording botanical knowledge. At the same time, certain passages in the treatise mirror the structure, vocabulary, and grammatical constructions found in the rest of the corpus, confirming that herbals existed in a standardized format already at the beginning of the New Kingdom, if not earlier. In this paper I present an overview of the extant herbal corpus and discuss what the addition of the specialized treatise in pLouvre-Carlsberg means for our understanding of the herbal genre in ancient Egypt<fnote> This paper is derived from a chapter of my unpublished PhD dissertation, Medical Science in Ancient Egypt: A Translation and Interpretation of Papyrus Louvre-Carlsberg (pLouvre E 32847 + pCarlsberg 917) (Copenhagen, 2020).</fnote>.
Presence and Absence of the Tomb Owner in Wall Scenes and Funerary Models
Authors: Barker Georgia 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The tomb owner’s figure dominates scenes displayed on elite tomb-chapel walls, forming an essential part of the medium’s repertoire. Yet among funerary models, the tomb owner rarely appears. While the two artistic media exhibit many similarities in design, their representation of the tomb owner forms one of several distinguishing features that are rarely acknowledged. This paper examines the presence and absence of the tomb owner in wall scenes and funerary models from the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. It is here proposed that this difference in representation can be explained by the two artistic media’s contrasting technical properties and location in the tomb.