bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of rainfall partitioning and canopy interception modelling in pure and mixed forests on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Wu Xiaofei , Zhu Miyuan , Zhang Zhongdian , Huang Mingbin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRainfall partitioning is a key process in forest ecosystems that affects the forest hydrological cycle and ecological services. However, little is known about the rainfall partitioning in Pinus tabuliformis (PT), Robinia pseudoacacia (RP), and Pinus tabuliformis×Robinia pseudoacacia (PT × RP) forests, which are widely distributed on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) for controlling soil and water losses. The objectives of this study were to compare the rainfall partitioning and conduct interception modelling in PT, RP, and PT × RP forests, using data from the Ansai and Changwu sites on the CLP. The sites feature similar weather conductions and both pure and mixed forests of the same age. The tree density of PT × RP was moderate at the Ansai site but higher at the Changwu site compared to PT and RP. We quantitatively measured the throughfall (Tf), stemflow (Sf), and interception loss (Ic) for the forests at the two sites during the growing season (May–October, 2022), and simulated Ic using the Revised Gash Analytical Model (RGAM) and Liu model. The results showed that measured Ic for PT × RP (26.0% of the total gross rainfall, Pg) was larger than for RP (22.0% of Pg) but smaller than for PT (27.8% of Pg) at the Ansai site, and vice versa for the Tf and Sf (RP > PT × RP > PT), while the measured Ic for PT × RP (33.7% of Pg) at the Changwu site was larger than both for PT (31.1% of Pg) and RP (19.5% of Pg). The Tf and Sf for PT × RP was smaller than for PT and RP. Given the similar weather conditions, differences in Ic for the pure and mixed forests at each site were attributed to canopy storage capacity, wet canopy evaporation rate, and tree density. Additionally, the RGAM and the Liu model effectively simulated and captured the differences in Ic for PT, RP, and PT × RP. However, the RGAM performed better with a relative error less than −7.3%, Nash‐Sutcliffe model efficiency ranging from 0.82 to 0.95, and root mean square error less than 0.5 mm. According to the RGAM, evaporation from the wet canopy during rainfall events and after rainfall cessation were the two most influential components. The results of this study suggest that mixed forest can optimize rainfall partitioning compared to pure forests, but a reasonable density should be adopted to increase rainwater replenishment to the forest floor.
Mechanisms of isotopic control of precipitation in the Yellow River source region
Authors: Ye Linlin , Lin Xinrui , Zhu Guofeng , Liu Yuwei , Qiu Dongdong , Zhang Wenhao , Liu Jiawei , Lu Siyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study of water vapour sources and water cycle patterns in the Yellow River source region is of great significance for ensuring water resource security in the arid and semi‐arid regions of northern China. We established a precipitation stable isotope observation system in the Yellow River source region for three consecutive years (2020–2022), systematically analysed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation stable isotopes 2H and 18O in the Yellow River source region and their interrelationships with environmental factors and topography, and explored the regional water vapour transport pathways by using the HYSPLIT model and combining with the global reanalysis data. The results show that: (1) the δ18O and δ2H values of precipitation in the Yellow River source region follow the seasonal pattern, with the first half of the year being richer than the second half of the year; (2) the spatial variations of δ18O of precipitation in the Yellow River source region show a low in the southwest and a high in the northeast; (3) the water vapour source in the source area is basically stable, and the complex transport paths and the cross‐effects of the local factors determine the stable isotope characteristics of the water, and the stable isotope characteristics of the water are determined by the cross‐effects of the local factors, because the source of the water vapour and the local factors such as the height will not change significantly in the short term. Since the source of water vapour and local elevation factors will not change significantly in the short term, the precipitation pattern in the source area of the Yellow River can be considered to be basically stable.
Quantifying hydrological responses to monsoon‐controlled precipitation across the soil‐groundwater‐stream continuum with long‐term high‐frequency hydrometric monitoring
Authors: Dai Xin , Xie Yueqing , Liao Aimin , Wang Chuan , Lin Jin , Wu Jichun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStream water, groundwater and soil water in the riparian zone are closely linked. Their responses to rainfall events controlled by monsoon climate are variable and intertwined, which are still not well known. To address this knowledge gap, we established a monitoring transect adjacent to a headwater stream in Huashan Catchment, eastern China, with typical monsoon climate. We monitored precipitation, stream stage, groundwater level and soil moisture content at intervals of maximum 30 min. We then conducted an event‐based analysis of rainfall event characteristics and diverse response metrics, and assessed their correlations and interrelationships through correlation and regression analysis. Our 2‐year monitoring results show that water level responses occurred in most rainfall events. They had smaller threshold of rainfall amount and timing but longer time to peak response. Stream responses exhibited smaller response magnitude and intensities than groundwater responses. Rainfall amount and event duration were the most critical driving factors for groundwater responses. Soil moisture responses varied with depth. Only large storms could propagate into topsoil and generate rapid responses. Middle soil moisture responses had more frequent response occurrence and more variable response magnitude, while deep soil moisture responses had smaller response magnitude, longer time to peak response and larger wetting front movement velocity. Attenuated initial response timing with depth identified preferential flow, reflecting heterogeneity in the soil profile. Monsoon‐controlled heavy rainfall improved hydrologic connectivity in the soil‐groundwater‐stream continuum (SGSC), mediating the influence of heterogeneity on soil moisture responses and potentially contributing more subsurface flow to catchment runoff. Overall, this study aimed to reveal the mechanism of hydrological responses to monsoon‐controlled precipitation across the SGSC.
Differentiation of COVID‐19 pneumonia from other lung diseases using CT radiomic features and machine learning: A large multicentric cohort study
Authors: Shiri Isaac , Salimi Yazdan , Saberi Abdollah , Pakbin Masoumeh , Hajianfar Ghasem , Avval Atlas Haddadi , Sanaat Amirhossein , Akhavanallaf Azadeh , Mostafaei Shayan , Mansouri Zahra , Askari Dariush , Ghasemian Mohammadreza , Sharifipour Ehsan , Sandoughdaran Saleh , Sohrabi Ahmad , Sadati Elham , Livani Somayeh , Iranpour Pooya , Kolahi Shahriar , Khosravi Bardia , Khateri Maziar , Bijari Salar , Atashzar Mohammad Reza , Shayesteh Sajad P. , Babaei Mohammad Reza , Jenabi Elnaz , Hasanian Mohammad , Shahhamzeh Alireza , Ghomi Seyed Yaser Foroghi , Mozafari Abolfazl , Shirzad‐Aski Hesamaddin , Movaseghi Fatemeh , Bozorgmehr Rama , Goharpey Neda , Abdollahi Hamid , Geramifar Parham , Radmard Amir Reza , Arabi Hossein , Rezaei‐Kalantari Kiara , Oveisi Mehrdad , Rahmim Arman , Zaidi Habib 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo derive and validate an effective machine learning and radiomics‐based model to differentiate COVID‐19 pneumonia from other lung diseases using a large multi‐centric dataset. In this retrospective study, we collected 19 private and five public datasets of chest CT images, accumulating to 26 307 images (15 148 COVID‐19; 9657 other lung diseases including non‐COVID‐19 pneumonia, lung cancer, pulmonary embolism; 1502 normal cases). We tested 96 machine learning‐based models by cross‐combining four feature selectors (FSs) and eight dimensionality reduction techniques with eight classifiers. We trained and evaluated our models using three different strategies: #1, the whole dataset (15 148 COVID‐19 and 11 159 other); #2, a new dataset after excluding healthy individuals and COVID‐19 patients who did not have RT‐PCR results (12 419 COVID‐19 and 8278 other); and #3 only non‐COVID‐19 pneumonia patients and a random sample of COVID‐19 patients (3000 COVID‐19 and 2582 others) to provide balanced classes. The best models were chosen by one‐standard‐deviation rule in 10‐fold cross‐validation and evaluated on the hold out test sets for reporting. In strategy#1, Relief FS combined with random forest (RF) classifier resulted in the highest performance (accuracy = 0.96, AUC = 0.99, sensitivity = 0.98, specificity = 0.94, PPV = 0.96, and NPV = 0.96). In strategy#2, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) FS and RF classifier combination resulted in the highest performance (accuracy = 0.97, AUC = 0.99, sensitivity = 0.98, specificity = 0.95, PPV = 0.96, NPV = 0.98). Finally, in strategy #3, the ANOVA FS and RF classifier combination resulted in the highest performance (accuracy = 0.94, AUC =0.98, sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.93, PPV = 0.93, NPV = 0.96). Lung radiomic features combined with machine learning algorithms can enable the effective diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia in CT images without the use of additional tests.
Thermoplastic polyurethane/POSS nanohybrids: Synthesis, morphology, and biological properties
Authors: Ozimek Jan , Malarz Katarzyna , Mrozek‐Wilczkiewicz Anna , Hebda Edyta , Pielichowski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent studies show good osteoinductive properties of polyurethanes modified with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). In this work, three types of POSS; propanediolisobutyl‐POSS (PHI‐POSS), disilanolisobutyl‐POSS (DSI‐POSS), and octahydroxybutyl‐POSS (OCTA‐POSS) were chemically incorporated into linear polyurethane based on an aliphatic isocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), to obtain new nanohybrid PU‐POSS materials. The full conversion of POSS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR‐ATR) spectra of the model reactions with pure HDI. The materials obtained were investigated by FTIR, SEM‐EDS, and DSC. The DSC studies showed the thermoplasticity of the obtained materials and apparently good recovery. 30‐day immersion in SBF (simulated body fluid) revealed an increase in the rate of deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) for the highest POSS loadings, resulting in thick layers of hydroxyapatite (~60–40 μm), and the Ca/P ratio 1.67 (even 1.785). The structure and properties of the inorganic layer depend on the type of POSS, the number of hard segments, and those containing POSS, which can be tailored by changing the HDI/poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) ratio. Furthermore, the obtained composites revealed good biocompatibility, as confirmed by cytotoxicity tests conducted on two cell lines; normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and primary human osteoblasts (HOB). Adherent cells seeded on the tested materials showed viability even after a 48‐h incubation. After this time, the population of viable, and proliferating cells exceeded 90%. Bioimaging studies have shown the fibroblast and osteoblast cells were well attached to the surface of the tested materials.
The different roads not taken: Considering diverse foregone alternatives motivates future goal persistence
Authors: Kim Hye‐young , Urminsky Oleg 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDecisions are rarely made in isolation. Instead, deliberation often occurs in the context of prior related choices. This article finds that goal‐inconsistent foregone alternatives, options that were previously considered but not chosen, shape how consumers subsequently pursue their goals. Going beyond previous research on foregone alternatives and consumer satisfaction, the current research suggests that how consumers mentally construe foregone goal‐inconsistent alternatives impacts how they evaluate their prior goal‐consistent choices, which will, in turn, impact their motivation to continue making goal‐consistent choices. Specifically, we find the foregone alternative diversity effect: consumers who consider having previously foregone diverse (vs. similar) goal‐inconsistent alternatives in favor of a goal‐consistent action then believe that they have made a greater sacrifice, which had more of an impact on their focal goal. As a result, they are then more likely to subsequently make goal‐consistent choices. Our findings hold across different types of goals (exercise: Study 1, healthy eating: Studies 2, 3, and 5, weight loss: Study 4), and both real and hypothetical choices. We also identify theoretically motivated boundary conditions for the observed effect of considering foregone alternatives.
The effects of choline supplementation in mothers with hypothyroidism on the alteration of cognitive–behavioral, long‐term potentiation, morphology, and apoptosis in the hippocampus of pre‐pubertal offspring rats
Authors: Sheikhi Siamak , Aghazadeh Razieh , Sayyadi Hojjat , Pourheydar Bagher , Saboory Ehsan , Bagheri Morteza , Derafshpour Leila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mother's thyroid hormone status during gestation and the first few months after delivery can play a crucial role in maturation during the brain development of the child. Transient abnormalities in thyroid function at birth indicate developmental and cognitive disorders in adulthood. Choline supplementation during gestation and the perinatal period in rats causes long‐lasting memory improvement in the offspring. However, it remains unclear whether choline is able to restore the deficits in rats with maternal hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of choline supplementation on the alteration of cognitive‐behavioral function, long‐term potentiation (LTP), and morphological changes as well as apoptosis in pre‐pubertal offspring rats. To induce hypothyroidism, 6‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil was added to the drinking water from the 6th day of gestation to the 21st postnatal day (PND). Choline treatment was started twice a day on the first day of the gestation until PND 21 via gavage. LTP recording and Morris water maze (MWM) test were conducted at PND 28. Then, the rats were sacrificed to assess their brains. The results revealed that developmental thyroid hormone deficiency impaired spatial learning and memory and reduced LTP (both: P < 0.001). Choline treatment alleviated LTP (P < 0.001), as well as learning and memory deficits (P < 0.01) in both male and female hypothyroid rats. However, no significant changes were observed in the number of caspase‐3 stained cells in choline‐receiving hypothyroid groups. The results revealed that developmental thyroid hormone deficiency impaired spatial learning and memory and reduced LTP. Choline treatment alleviated LTP, as well as learning and memory deficits in both male and female hypothyroid rats.
Non‐Invasive Tumor Grade Evaluation in Von Hippel–Lindau‐Associated Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Based Study
Authors: Zahergivar Aryan , Yazdian Anari Pouria , Mendhiratta Neil , Lay Nathan , Singh Shiva , Dehghani Firouzabadi Fatemeh , Chaurasia Aditi , Golagha Mahshid , Homayounieh Fatemeh , Gautam Rabindra , Harmon Stephanie , Turkbey Evrim , Merino Maria , Jones Elizabeth C. , Ball Mark W. , Turkbey Baris , Linehan W. Marston , Malayeri Ashkan A. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundPathology grading is an essential step for the treatment and evaluation of the prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).PurposeTo investigate the utility of texture analysis in evaluating Fuhrman grades of renal tumors in patients with Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)‐associated ccRCC, aiming to improve non‐invasive diagnosis and personalized treatment.Study TypeRetrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained cohort.PopulationOne hundred and thirty‐six patients, 84 (61%) males and 52 (39%) females with pathology‐proven ccRCC with a mean age of 52.8 ± 12.7 from 2010 to 2023.Field Strength and Sequences1.5 and 3 T MRIs. Segmentations were performed on the T1‐weighted 3‐minute delayed sequence and then registered on pre‐contrast, T1‐weighted arterial and venous sequences.AssessmentA total of 404 lesions, 345 low‐grade tumors, and 59 high‐grade tumors were segmented using ITK‐SNAP on a T1‐weighted 3‐minute delayed sequence of MRI. Radiomics features were extracted from pre‐contrast, T1‐weighted arterial, venous, and delayed post‐contrast sequences. Preprocessing techniques were employed to address class imbalances. Features were then rescaled to normalize the numeric values. We developed a stacked model combining random forest and XGBoost to assess tumor grades using radiomics signatures.Statistical TestsThe model's performance was evaluated using positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, F1 score, area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve, and Matthews correlation coefficient. Using Monte Carlo technique, the average performance of 100 benchmarks of 85% train and 15% test was reported.ResultsThe best model displayed an accuracy of 0.79. For low‐grade tumor detection, a sensitivity of 0.79, a PPV of 0.95, and an F1 score of 0.86 were obtained. For high‐grade tumor detection, a sensitivity of 0.78, PPV of 0.39, and F1 score of 0.52 were reported.Data ConclusionRadiomics analysis shows promise in classifying pathology grades non‐invasively for patients with VHL‐associated ccRCC, potentially leading to better diagnosis and personalized treatment.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Utility of Prostate Health Index Density for Biopsy Strategy in Biopsy‐Naïve Patients With PI‐RADS v2.1 Category 3 Lesions
Authors: Kim Min Je , Park Jung Jae , Kang Kyung A , Park Sung Yoon , Kim Chan Kyo 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundCategory 3 lesions in PI‐RADSv2.1 pose diagnostic challenges, complicating biopsy decisions. Recent biomarkers like prostate health index (PHI) have shown higher specificity in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) than prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). Yet their integration with MRI remains understudied.PurposeTo evaluate the utility of PSA and PHI with its derivatives for detecting csPCa in biopsy‐naïve patients with category 3 lesion on initial prostate MRI scan.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred ninety‐three biopsy‐naïve patients who underwent MRI, PSA, and PHI testing, followed by both targeted and systematic biopsies.Field Strength/SequenceTurbo spin‐echo T2‐weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar imaging, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted fast field echo sequence imaging in 3 T.AssessmentPHI density (PHID) and PSA density (PSAD) derived by dividing serum PHI and PSA with prostate volume (MRI based methodology suggested by PI‐RADSv2.1). Risk‐stratified models to evaluate the utility of markers in triaging patients for biopsy, including low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups.Statistical TestsIndependent t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Mantel–Haenszel test, generalized estimating equation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used. Statistical significance defined as P < 0.05.ResultsCsPCa was found in 16.6% (32/193) of patients. PHID had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.793, followed by PHI of 0.752, PSAD of 0.750, and PSA of 0.654. PHID with two cut‐off points (0.88/mL and 1.82/mL) showed the highest potential biopsy avoidance of 47.7% (92/193) with 5% missing csPCa, and the lowest intermediate‐risk group (borderline decision group) at 38.9% (75/193), compared to PSA and PHI.Data ConclusionPHID demonstrated better potential in triaging patients with category 3 lesions, possibly aiding more selective and confident biopsy decisions for csPCa detection, than traditional markers.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 5
Membrane‐bound CD95 ligand modulates CD19‐mediated B cell receptor signaling and EBV activation
Authors: Liu Mu , Huang Chenxu , Zhou Xingchen , Jiang Congwei , Liu Shuai , Gao Ying , Kuang Linlin , Lei Zhangmengxue , Jia Ran , Xu Jin , Legembre Patrick , Liang Xiaozhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection in transplant recipients. Most of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from EBV‐immortalized B cells or PTLDs are sensitive to CD95‐mediated apoptosis and cytotoxic T cell (CTL) killing. CD95 ligand (CD95L) exists as a transmembrane ligand (mCD95L) or a soluble form (sCD95L). Using recombinant mCD95L and sCD95L, we observed that sCD95L does not affect LCLs. While high expression of mCD95L in CTLs promotes apoptosis of LCLs, low expression induces clathrin‐dependent CD19 internalization, caspase‐dependent CD19 cleavage, and proteasomal/lysosomal‐dependent CD19 degradation. The CD95L/CD95‐mediated CD19 degradation impairs B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and inhibits BCR‐mediated EBV activation. Interestingly, although inhibition of the caspase activity restores CD19 expression and CD19‐mediated BCR activation, it fails to rescue BCR‐mediated EBV lytic gene expression. EBV‐specific CTLs engineered to overexpress mCD95L exhibit a stronger killing activity against LCLs. This study highlights that engineering EBV‐specific CTLs to express a higher level of mCD95L could represent an attractive therapeutic approach to improve T cell immunotherapy for PTLDs.
Theta oscillations within right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contribute differently to speech versus limb inhibition
Authors: Johari Karim , Berger Joel I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEvidence suggests that speech and limb movement inhibition are subserved by common neural mechanisms, particularly within the right prefrontal cortex. In a recent study, we found that cathodal stimulation of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) differentially modulated P3 event‐related potentials for speech versus limb inhibition. In the present study, we further analyzed these data to examine the effects of cathodal high‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD‐tDCS) over rDLPFC on frontal theta ‐ an oscillatory marker of cognitive control ‐ in response to speech and limb inhibition, during a Go/No‐Go task in 21 neurotypical adults. Electroencephalography data demonstrated that both speech and limb No‐Go elicited prominent theta activity over right prefrontal electrodes, with stronger activity for speech compared to limb. Moreover, we found that cathodal stimulation significantly increased theta power over right prefrontal electrodes for speech versus limb No‐Go. Source analysis revealed that cathodal, but not sham, stimulation increased theta activity within rDLPFC and bilateral premotor cortex for speech No‐Go compared to limb movement inhibition. These findings complement our previous report and suggest (1) right prefrontal theta activity is an amodal oscillatory mechanism supporting speech and limb inhibition, (2) larger theta activity in prefrontal electrodes for speech versus limb following cathodal stimulation may reflect allocation of additional neural resources for a more complex motor task, such as speech compared to limb movement. These findings have translational implications for conditions such as Parkinson's disease, wherein both speech and limb movement are impaired.