bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of the WWER-1200 reactor dynamic model consisting of one-fuel unit adjacent to two coolant units
Authors: Pravosud S. S. , Maslakov D. S. , Yakubov Ya. O. , Ovcherenko A. A. 
Published: October 2023

As modern control systems engineering imposes limits on mathematical models of control objects, further development, and verification of the mathematical models suitable for power control system synthesis of nuclear power facilities is an ongoing problem. This article deals with the low-order dynamics model with lumped parameters of the Russian-designed pressurized water reactor, as well as its verification with experimental data from the full-size simulator of the WWER – 1200 nuclear reactor within two tests related to changing the position of Group 12 of CPS CR and changing the inlet coolant temperature. This model was created as a MATLAB S-function lv.2 model because of its capability to handle any type of signal. Within this approach, the equation describing the coolant heating process is represented as a «two well-stirred tanks in series» model. The article demonstrates the upside of the given approach in comparison with the conventional approach, where the average temperature of the coolant is determined as an arithmetic mean of inlet and outlet coolant temperatures, respectively, on the basis of the test with a sudden change of the reactor inlet coolant temperature. In the frequency domain, the authors carry out stability analyses of the given model in a state-space form in relation to different external disturbances. Conclusions about the suitability of the given model as a fifth-order control object for parametric synthesis of a controller for the power control system of a nuclear power facility are drawn.
The Impact of Training on Improving Employee Performance: A Case Study on Employees in the Directorate of Education of Ma'an District
Authors: Khawaldeh Essam Deep Al 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of training on improving the performance of workers in Maan's Directorate of Education.

Theoretical framework: This study will focus on finding a cognitive dimension that contributes to clarifying the concept of training and its dimensions (type of training, training period, trainers) and its impact on the job performance of employees.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The descriptive analytical approach was used in the study. The study sample included 34 male and female employees; 40% of the study population. The data was collected using a questionnaire designed by the researcher after its validity and reliability have been tested. The questionnaire contained (27) items distributed across the following dimensions: training quality (7) items, training duration (6) items, trainers (7) items, and performance (7) items.

Findings: The results of the simple regression analysis revealed that overall training has a moderate effect on improving worker performance. Furthermore, the results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that there is a statistically significant effect in improving worker job performance due to the trainers’ dimension, but no effect in improving performance through the other two dimensions (quality training, duration of training). The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample based on gender.

Research, Practical & Social implications: The study helps the directorate of education of Ma’an District to understandthe impact of training on improving employee performance. It will also help the employees realize the effect of training on their performance.

Originality/Value: The value of the study is represented in being the first study to be applied on the employees of Ma’an District. Therefore, it is a contribution to to the Human Resource/Training Department to understand the impact of training on improving employee performance.
Design of Fullerene20-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione-fullerene20 for Opto-nonlinear applications: Quantum Mechanical Study
Authors: Resan S. , Al-Anber M. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Many organic compounds are studied because of their nonlinear optical properties, which are crucial in photonics, optical switches, modulators, optical data storage, and other devices that use light to transport information. In experimental and theoretical researches, nonlinear optical phenomena, primarily resulting from interactions between matter and strong electric fields, have received considerable attention. Materials like these have numerous applications in science, engineering, and technology.
Materials and Methods: Fullerene 20 has been adopted as an electron donor, which was considered an NLO molecular material, while the thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione has been adopted as an electron acceptor. Fullerene20-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione-fullerene20 (FTPDF), as D-A-D, has been designed for nonlinear optical applications. Fullerene20-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione-fullerene20 (FTPDF) was studied to determine its linear and nonlinear optical properties. For FTPDF, nonlinear optical properties were calculated with DFT/B3LYP using the basis set 6-31G(d,p). Various quantum calculations determine the structural and symmetry properties of Fullerene20-thieno[2،3-c]pyrrole-4،6(5H)-dione-fullerene20.
Results: The rotation increases the electric dipole moment µtot, average linear polarizability αo and the first hyperpolarizability βtot. And the anisotropic polarizability ∆α is smaller than the average polarizability, and the present structure has few deviations from spherical symmetry. FTPDF shows µx-switch behavior. In particular, the rotation can raise the possibility for a new type of molecular βx-switch.
Conclusion: The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energies estimated by DFT for the investigated molecules have been reported here. Fullerene20-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione-fullerene20 has an increased first hyperpolarizability, making it a novel material suitable for the development of optoelectronic devices.
Dimensional Accuracy and Tearing Strength of Alginate Impression Material Containing Different Concentrations of Natural Miswak Powder: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Kakai Ribaz Tahsin Hayas , Ameen Ahmed Saleh Hamad 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Alginate impression material is an irreversible hydrocolloid due to its chemical setting reaction. Hydrocolloids dimensional stability depends on the presence of water, as water makes up around 70% of dental alginate. One of the Salvadoraceae families, Salvadora persica, is the source of miswak. The Arak tree, or Salvadora persica, is often referred to as the "toothbrush tree" as it is known in English. It is evergreen form develops like a shrub or small tree with a twisted trunk. The researchers mixed miswak powder with the alginate to examine the dimensional accuracy and tearing strength.
Materials and Methods:
Sixty alginate specimens were prepared. 30 specimens for dimensional accuracy and 30 specimens for tearing strength, each of them is divided into three groups: The control group, Group A % 17 miswak powder, and Group B % 34 miswak powder. The dimensional stability and tearing strength were tested.
Results:
There is no dimensional change in group B, lesser dimensional change was revealed in group A, according to control group. Group B is more resistant to tearing strength when compared with the control group and group A, and group A is more resistant than the control group.
Conclusion:
Adding a suitable amount of miswak powder to alginate is beneficial for reducing and preventing shrinkage, as well as improving tearing strength.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Remodelling in Patients with Anterior Myocardial Infarction According to Sphericity and Conicity Indices and their Association with Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Shaheed Fatima Adnan , Abbood Ahlam Kadhim , Nassir Shokry Faaz 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Following cardiac damage, a complex process known as left ventricular adverse remodelling occurs, which is characterized by alterations in the left ventricle (LV)'s structure, form, and function. The study aims at assessing the significance of the LV sphericity index in quantifying LV geometric alterations, as well as the conicity index's significance in recognizing regional variations in LV geometry and evaluating its relation to the heart's systolic and diastolic function.
Methods and Methods: A total of 50 individuals with anterior myocardial infarction (MI) participates in this cross-sectional study. Sphericity (SI) and conicity indices (CI) are calculated using the ratios of the short axis and long axis, and the apical to short LV axis, respectively. Then measurements of the LV's systolic and diastolic functioning are done.
Results: The sphericity index and systolic parameters display a statistically significant negative correlation (P<0.05). The conicity index and systolic parameters show a statistically non-significant negative correlation (P>0.05).
The relation between CI and SI with LV diastolic parameters reveal a positive correlation, but it was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). Only the left atrial volume index (LAVI) was statistically significant with SI (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study concludes that LV indices are a simple, non-invasive measure of LV remodelling, whether locally by CI or globally by SI, and can reflect the LV's systolic and diastolic performance based on correlation studies.
The Optimizing of Prefabricated Solar Cells by Dual Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Baraa Hussam , Aboud Lazem H. , Jader Mohammed  J. 
Published: October 2023

Background: The quest for improving the efficiency of solar cells has garnered considerable attention in numerous scientific investigations. One promising approach involves utilizing plasmons generated by metal nanoparticles to enhance the performance of photovoltaic solar cells.
Materials and Methods: High-purity gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and a combination of both were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in distilled water. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were deposited onto silicon (Si) substrates and pre-existing Si homo-junction photovoltaic cells.
Results: The optical analysis of the prepared nanoparticle suspension revealed distinct plasmonic bands located at approximately 400 nm and 523 nm wavelengths for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. In the case of the AuNPs:AgNPs mixture, two plasmonic bands were observed, corresponding to the presence of both types of metal nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the deposited nanoparticle samples on Si wafers demonstrated a polycrystalline structure for all samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging displayed uniformly distributed spherical Au nanoparticles on the substrate, while AgNPs exhibited some aggregations.
Conclusion: The photovoltaic (PV) solar cells demonstrated an enhanced performance, attributed to the ability of the plasmonic nanoparticles to facilitate increased light absorption or enhance surface conductivity. The combination of silver and gold particles holds promise for solar surface coating, further optimizing the cells to capture a greater amount of solar radiation within their plasmon peaks. This study highlights the potential of plasmonic nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency of previously prepared PV cells.
Cervical dystonia: ways to achieve long-term treatment eff ects and improve patients’ quality of life
Authors: Salouhina N. I. , Nodel M. R. , Tolmacheva V. A. 
Published: October 2023

The main treatment for cervical dystonia (CD) is botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections, but several long-term studies have found that between 19-46% of patients discontinue treatment. Anxiety and depression play a signi fi cant role in reducing the quality of life in patients with CD, according to previous surveys.Aim: to assess the dynamics of CD symptom severity, emotional disturbance, and quality of life in patients under different treatment methods.Material and methods. 61 patients with CD, 16 (26%) men and 45 (74%) women, age 50 [40; 59] years, duration of illness 4 [2; 7] years, age at onset 44 [34; 54] years, were studied. Changes in motor and aff ective disturbances, quality of life in patients with CD were assessed after 2 and 4 months in the context of diff erent treatment methods — BTA monotherapy, antidepressant (AD), combined therapy (AD + AD).Results. Combination therapy (BT + AD) was shown to be superior to BTA monotherapy in long-term follow-up of patients in terms of correction of depression, anxiety, integrative assessment of quality of life and severity of dystonia. After 4 months of treatment, the (BT + AD) subgroup maintained the positive trend achieved in dystonia severity (p < 0.001). At the end of the follow-up period in the BT group, the positive eff ect of therapy had regressed to baseline levels of dystonia severity.Conclusion. To achieve a sustained therapeutic response in patients with CD, diagnosis and appropriate correction of emotional disturbances is necessary. The potential effi cacy of antidepressants in the treatment of motor and sensory symptoms of CD requires further investigation.
Pengaruh Cone Exercise terhadap Sensomotorik anak usia 4â€“6 tahun
Authors: Yuliana Sri 
Published: October 2023

Anak usia 4â€“6 tahun masih dalam proses pengembangan sistem pengolahan sensori, sehingga pemberian stimulus sangat penting untuk mendukung perkembangannya. Anak dengan lemahnya sistem sensomotorik dapat mengalami gangguan dalam keseimbangan, konsentrasi, intelegensi, ketahanan, kemampuan motorik kasar dan halus. Untuk dapat mengeksplorasi mengenai perkembangan gerak yang ada pada tubuh anak, pertama yang dilakukan adalah belajar bagaimana menginterprestasikan gerak yang anak lakukan dan apa makna gerakan yang dilakukan oleh anak. Hal ini membutuhkan suatu proses koordinasi dari otak, yaitu koordinasi otak kanan dan kiri dan pemeliharaan otak secara fungsional Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan cone Â terhadap sensomotorik anak usia 4â€“6 tahun. Metode penelitian dengan statistik non-parametrik pre and post test. Jumlah responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi mencakup 24 anak di TK Insan Madani. pengukuran dengan wooble board Â sebelum dan sebelum selama 2 minggu. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji univariat dengan tabel distribusi frekuensi dengan uji bivariat menggunakan uji normalitas Shapiro Wilk. uji wilcoxon signed rank test adalah 0,000<0,05. Kesimpulan bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan Latihan Cone Â Terhadap Sensomotorik Anak Usia 4â€“6 Tahun.
Análisis de productividad, costes y efectos ambientales de las claras mecanizadas selectivas y sistemáticas sobre monte bajo de rebollo (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) con el cabezal Bracke c16.c en Villar de Ciervos (León, España)
Authors: Herguido Sevillano Lucía 
Published: October 2023

Los montes bajos de Quercus pyrenaica Willd. en España son actualmente masas densas y de salud frágil por factores como la competición, plagas o incendios. La realización de claras es interesante por la salud de la masa y por reducir los incendios, a la vez que producen productos forestales. Sin embargo, estas apenas se realizan por la baja productividad, altos costes y precios bajos de biomasa.
Se probaron dos métodos de claras, selectivo (S) y “boom-corridor” (BC), en un monte bajo de Q. pyrenaica denso y de pequeño diámetro con una taladora-apiladora multiárbol (TAM). El tiempo por árbol extraído no fue diferente entre métodos; sin embargo, BC muestra una productividad 48.6% mayor (BC = 4.43 ts·hp-1 vs. S = 2.99 ts·hp-1). Esto se debe principalmente al peso unitario medio extraído (psuextr), siendo un 42% mayor en BC debido a la menor selectividad. Cuando se compara la productividad dentro del rango común de psuextr, la productividad es un 16–23% mayor en BC. El consumo de combustible fue diferente debido a un mayor psuextr en BC y mayor número de pies extraídos en S.
La masa restante fue diferente en densidad final (mayor en BC) y en el diámetro medio final (mayor en S), mientras que el peso de las claras fue el mismo. La frecuencia e intensidad de daños a la vegetación en pie tras la corta no fue diferente entre métodos, pero sí tras la saca. En principio el riesgo de incendio no aumentó recién realizadas las claras.
Modelización de la madurez forestal en base a datos del Inventario Forestal Nacional y el escáner láser terrestre
Authors: Molina Valero Juan Alberto 
Published: October 2023

Este resumen gráfico representa una síntesis de la tesis doctoral, donde las gráficas ejemplifican cómo la madurez (o grado de naturalidad) forestal, desde un punto de vista cuantificable y por lo tanto monitorizable, puede ser estimada en base a diferentes parámetros hipotéticos (p. ej. , y ). Sin embargo, tal y como se observa en la figura, estos parámetros pueden comportarse de diferentes formas a lo largo de un gradiente de madurez. Pongamos el caso de un hipotético parámetro que podría alcanzar su valor máximo para un cierto grado de madurez, valor máximo que a su vez puede depender de las condiciones del sitio, como por ejemplo la calidad de estación (gráfico de la izquierda). Sin embargo, distintos parámetros probablemente muestren diferentes comportamientos a lo largo del gradiente de madurez forestal, manifestando diversas tendencias y alcanzando sus valores máximos para diferentes grados de madurez (gráfica de la derecha). Esta tesis ocupa el nicho de investigación relacionado con la modelización de algunos de estos parámetros de madurez como son el stock de biomasa y la estructura, utilizando para ello parcelas experimentales necesarias para probar las hipótesis de partida y datos del Inventario Forestal Nacional. Además, se utilizaron tecnologías novedosas en la monitorización de los bosques como el escáner láser terrestre (TLS). Esto propició la necesidad de desarrollar una herramienta capaz de procesar y analizar los datos del TLS, naciendo así el paquete de R FORTLS, considerado uno de los principales frutos de este trabajo de tesis doctoral.
A multilevel posterior tension band–sparing laminectomy for intraspinal lesions: patient series
Authors: Barrenechea Ignacio J , Márquez Luis , Miralles Sabrina , Rojas Héctor P , Pastore Julián , Vincenti Pablo , Nicola Telmo 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) represents a major development in spinal tumor surgery. However, considering that many intradural lesions compromise multiple spinal segments, MISS has certain limitations. Thus, some intraspinal lesions still require traditional approaches. Because laminectomy has been shown to predispose patients to kyphosis, laminoplasty and hemilaminectomy are the most widely used approaches to preserve the posterior tension band (PTB). However, these techniques are not devoid of complications. To overcome these issues, the authors modified a previously described technique to preserve the PTB while removing various types of intradural lesions. This procedure was originally designed to treat lumbar stenosis and was modified to avoid muscle ischemia during long procedures.

OBSERVATIONS
Between 2014 and 2021, the authors found 17 cases of spinal lesions with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up after surgical treatment using their approach. No significant postoperative changes in the paraspinal Goutallier grade or spinal angles were observed. The cross-sectional area of the measured paraspinal muscles decreased 6% postoperatively. By performing certain technical modifications in this PTB-sparing (PBS) laminectomy, the authors avoided ipsilateral muscle ischemia.

LESSONS
In this initial series, PBS laminectomy proved to be a safe, versatile, inexpensive, and reliable technique to remove intraspinal lesions.
Strangulation of the abducens nerve by an arachnoid band within an epidermoid cyst: illustrative case
Authors: Kosarchuk Jacob , Patel Shrey , Dent Walter , Heilman Carl B 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND
Intracranial epidermoid cysts (ECs) are rare benign lesions of ectodermal origin that can be found in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). If large enough, they compress surrounding structures, causing cranial neuropathies, cerebellar dysfunction, and hydrocephalus.

OBSERVATIONS
In this case report, the authors present a patient with headaches and diplopia secondary to a CPA EC. The cyst had wrapped itself around and was strangulating the abducens nerve. This choking of the nerve was believed to have been the cause of the patient’s double vision. The arachnoid band was released with a myringotomy knife.

LESSONS
Intracranial ECs typically cause symptoms from mass effect on surrounding structures; it is unusual for one to have choked off the nerve in the fashion presented in this case. Knowledge of the potential ways that ECs can affect nervous structures is critical for resecting them without injuring normal tissue.
Overnight Distribution of REM Sleep Features in People with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Non-PD Controls
Authors: Dagay Andrew , Oz Shani , Katzav Shlomit , Wasserman Danielle , Tauman Riva , Thaler Avner , Giladi Nir , Mirelman Anat 
Published: October 2023

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a leading predictor of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Diagnosis is performed in the sleep laboratory by detecting pathological REM sleep without atonia (RSWA). The evidence on the overnight distribution of RSWA% is conflicting. Objective: To investigate the temporal distribution of the number of ocular movements per REM sleep minute (REM density), and RSWA% in people with PD and non-PD controls. Methods: All participants underwent a single overnight evaluation in a sleep laboratory. Clinical evaluation was performed on a separate day. REM density and RSWA% were compared between PD and controls both across four sleep periods and individual REM cycles. Results: A total of 51 participants with recorded RSWA in polysomnography laboratory were included, 28 with PD aged 64±9 years with a disease duration of 3.3±2.9 years, and 23 controls aged 55±8 years. People with PD had lower REM density and higher RSWA% compared to controls. As expected, REM density was higher towards the morning. In contrast, RSWA% was equally distributed across the night, for both PD and controls. Conclusions: PD pathology affects REM sleep features, but not the overnight distribution of those features. While REM density increased towards the end of the night, RSWA% was equally distributed across the night for both PD and controls. Our findings have clinical implications for diagnosing RBD, as quantification of RSWA% in any sleep cycle is sufficient for reliably evaluating total RSWA% and reduced REM density may be a marker of PD.