bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P10 Development of a database to enable real time efficient recording of antimicrobial ward round stewardship interventions and support ongoing measurement of antimicrobial stewardship improvement
Authors: Rodger Rachael , Kinnaird Fiona , White Beth , Downie Karen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) initiatives are crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR).1 Using quality improvement (QI) methodology we can adapt our AS initiatives to meet the demands of the complex healthcare environment.2 To determine if our AS initiatives are effective, we need to measure if improvement has occurred, but this can be time consuming and challenging in the acute hospital setting. Antimicrobial consumption is often used as an indicator measure of AS, however, using technology we can develop more reliable and specific measures of AS and patient-centred care improvement.3 An infectious diseases (ID) physician and antimicrobial pharmacist (AMP) ward round (AWR) service was recently introduced to the Royal Alexandra Hospital. To enable measurement of the impact of this service on AS within the hospital it was decided to develop an antimicrobial ward round (AWR) database.

Objectives
To develop a database to enable real time efficient data collection of AWR outcomes and AS interventions to enable more accurate measurement of AS improvement.

Methods
The AMP, data analyst and ID physician worked collectively to co-design the format of the database using an Access® system. Outcome definitions4 and AS intervention definitions were agreed and standardized. The database was piloted over a two month period with continuous feedback and adjustments to improve ease and efficiency of data input. The updated database was then used to collect outcome and AS interventions from over 200 AWR consultations. This data was compiled and used to measure AS improvement following introduction of the AWR service.

Results
The database enabled efficient real time data collection and a more accurate and standardized approach to AS data collection and report generation. Using the database we have been able to show that the introduction of AWR consultations (n=204) resulted in reduced antibiotic exposure (IVOST, de-escalated, stopped) in 46% of patients. Although 39% of consultations did not result in a change in antimicrobial therapy, a number of AS interventions to improve AS, patient safety and patient care, were actioned during these consultations. The most commonly recorded interventions were ongoing infection management advice, antimicrobial course length confirmation/advice and patient counselling and monitoring advice. Using the AWR database we were also able to calculate the total proportion of IV antimicrobial therapy prescribed pre (83%) and post (54%) consultation highlighting improved IV to oral switch (IVOST).

Conclusions
Development of the database has supported more timely data collection, measurement and feedback of the impact of the AWR service on AS and patient-centred care. This is important in supporting a continuous QI approach to AS and patient-centred care in the acute hospital setting.
VIEWER: an extensible visual analytics framework for enhancing mental healthcare
Authors: Wang Tao , Codling David , Msosa Yamiko Joseph , Broadbent Matthew , Kornblum Daisy , Polling Catherine , Searle Thomas , Delaney-Pope Claire , Arroyo Barbara , MacLellan Stuart , Keddie Zoe , Docherty Mary , Roberts Angus , Stewart Robert , McGuire Philip , Dobson Richard , Harland Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
A proof-of-concept study aimed at designing and implementing Visual & Interactive Engagement With Electronic Records (VIEWER), a versatile toolkit for visual analytics of clinical data, and systematically evaluating its effectiveness across various clinical applications while gathering feedback for iterative improvements.

Materials and Methods
VIEWER is an open-source and extensible toolkit that employs natural language processing and interactive visualization techniques to facilitate the rapid design, development, and deployment of clinical information retrieval, analysis, and visualization at the point of care. Through an iterative and collaborative participatory design approach, VIEWER was designed and implemented in one of the United Kingdom’s largest National Health Services mental health Trusts, where its clinical utility and effectiveness were assessed using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results
VIEWER provides interactive, problem-focused, and comprehensive views of longitudinal patient data (n = 409 870) from a combination of structured clinical data and unstructured clinical notes. Despite a relatively short adoption period and users’ initial unfamiliarity, VIEWER significantly improved performance and task completion speed compared to the standard clinical information system. More than 1000 users and partners in the hospital tested and used VIEWER, reporting high satisfaction and expressed strong interest in incorporating VIEWER into their daily practice.

Discussion
VIEWER provides a cost-effective enhancement to the functionalities of standard clinical information systems, with evaluation offering valuable feedback for future improvements.

Conclusion
VIEWER was developed to improve data accessibility and representation across various aspects of healthcare delivery, including population health management and patient monitoring. The deployment of VIEWER highlights the benefits of collaborative refinement in optimizing health informatics solutions for enhanced patient care.
Memory-like NK cell differentiation, inhibitory NKG2A blockade, and improved recognition via antibody or CAR engineering combine to enhance NK cell attack against multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhou Alice Y , Marin Nancy D , Afrin Sadia , Wong Pamela , Tran Jennifer , Jacobs Miriam T , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Marsala Lynne , Foster Mark , Foltz Jennifer A , Neal Carly C , Russler-Germain David A , Morina Lyra , Paik Yeeun , Cubitt Celia C , Schappe Timothy , Pence Patrick , McClain Ethan , Kelley Sarah , Fortier Julie , Fiala Mark , Slade Michael , Schroeder Mark , Stockerl-Goldstein Keith , Vij Ravi , Gao Feng , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M , Fehniger Todd A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a promising approach for cellular cancer immunotherapy and are being investigated to treat patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We found that MM patient blood NK cell frequencies were normal with increased activating receptors and cytotoxic granules, without evidence of functional exhaustion. Despite this activated state, MM target cells were resistant to conventional NK cells by unclear mechanisms. Memory-like (ML) NK cells are generated after brief activation via the interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15, and IL-18 receptors and exhibit multiple enhanced antitumor properties. ML NK cell differentiation improved healthy donor and MM patient NK cell responses against MM target cells, in vitro and in vivo in immunodeficient murine xenograft models. Moreover, incorporating NKG2A checkpoint blockade to overcome HLA-E–induced inhibition further enhanced ML NK cell responses against MM in vitro and in vivo. Because activating receptor recognition of MM by ML NK cells was inadequate, strategies to improve this were investigated. Utilizing anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody (elotuzumab) or anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptors resulted in robust increases in ML NK cell functional responses against MM. In summary, ML differentiation enhances NK cell attack against myeloma, and combination with approaches to block inhibitory checkpoints and promote MM-specific activation are promising translational NK cell strategies for MM immunotherapy.
MyIPM smartphone applications—tools to increase adoption of integrated pest management
Authors: Reay-Jones Francis P F , Schnabel Guido , Bryant Tim B , LaForest Joseph , Melanson Rebecca A , Acebes-Doria Angelita L , Blaauw Brett 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Global agricultural productivity faces significant challenges due to pest-related crop losses, and while integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to mitigate pest risks, it is also inherently complex, which limits its implementation and adoption by farmers and pest management professionals. This article provides an overview of the MyIPM series of smartphone applications (apps), designed to facilitate IPM adoption by providing comprehensive pest management recommendations, covering diseases, arthropods, and weeds for multiple US commodities. Key features of the apps include high-resolution images for accurate pest identification, non-chemical integrated management information, detailed life cycle and epidemiology information, a pesticide search bar, and interactive tables allowing active ingredients and trade names to be sorted by multiple characteristics, including modes of action for easier implementation of resistance management tactics. The MyIPM apps complement traditional Extension outreach methods, offering portable access to a wealth of pest management information. In addition, the article highlights 3 practical examples—managing blossom blight and brown rot of peach caused by Monilinia sp.; addressing sugarcane aphids, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald), in grain sorghum; and managing urban pests in Hawaii and postharvest quarantine of Hawaiian crops for export—demonstrating how the MyIPM apps streamline IPM decision-making for a diverse group of farmers and pest management professionals. Overall, the MyIPM series of apps provides a valuable tool for modern agriculture, offering users a wealth of IPM knowledge at their fingertips, and supporting the adoption of more sustainable and effective practices.
Host size overrides maternal effects on the development of a secondary hyperparasitoid wasp
Authors: Shi Xianhui , Gols Rieta , de Boer Jetske G , Harvey Jeffrey A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Unraveling the numerous factors that drive phenotypic variation in trait expression among animals has long presented a significant challenge. Whereas traits like growth and adult size are often heritable and are passed on from one generation to the next, these can be significantly affected by the quality and quantity of resources provided by one or both parents to their offspring. In many vertebrates, such as birds and mammals, parents raise their young until adult, providing food, shelter, and protection. On the other hand, in insects, there is often little or no parental care, and the young are left to fend for themselves. Despite that, some insects can enhance the growth of their offspring. In parasitoid wasps, for example, mothers inject biochemical factors, including venoms, teratocytes, and virus-like particles into the host that increase host quality by regulating the nutritional milieu. However, it is not known whether maternal size is positively correlated with host regulation. Here, we evaluate maternal and host size-related effects on the development of an asexually reproducing (= female only) secondary idiobiont ectoparasitoid, Gelis agilis on pre-pupae in cocoons of its host, the primary parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata. Females G. agilis from 2 adult size classes, “small” (mean 0.7 mg) or “large” (mean 1.2 mg), were allowed to parasitize cocoons of differing size along a continuum from ~1.2 mg to ~4.0 mg, and the body size and development time of their offspring were measured. In both body size classes of G. agilis mothers, there was a strong correlation between host size and offspring size. However, there was no effect of adult G. agilis size on this parameter: for a given host size, the size of G. agilis offspring did not differ between small and large mothers. Our results reveal that host quality is mostly pre-determined, irrespective of maternal size.
Comprehensive genome profiling for treatment decisions in patients with metastatic tumors: Real-World evidence Meta-Analysis and registry data implementation
Authors: Zerdes Ioannis , Filis Panagiotis , Fountoukidis Georgios , El-Naggar Ali Inan , Kalofonou Foteini , D’Alessio Antonio , Pouptsis Athanasios , Foukakis Theodoros , Pentheroudakis George , Ahlgren Johan , Smith Daniel , Valachis Antonios 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Although precision oncology has rapidly been developed in recent years, its real-world impact and challenges in healthcare implementation remain underexplored. Through a meta-analysis of real-world evidence (RWE), we aimed at investigating the applicability and clinical impact of comprehensive cancer genome profiling (CGP) in cancer patients with metastatic solid tumors.

Methods
We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science for RWE studies on CGP and matched therapies in metastatic solid tumors (publication period: 2012—2023). Pooled proportions of actionable genomic alterations, patients treated with matched targeted therapies, treatment, and survival outcomes were calculated. Data from Swedish cancer registries were used as a case-study for nationwide CGP implementation.

Results
Out of the 7218 identified studies, 144 were included in our analysis. 59.8% of CGP-tested patients had actionable genomic alterations, with 15.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 13.4-18.2%) of them having received targeted therapy. Objective response was seen in 23.9% (95% CI 20.8-27.3%). Overall, CGP-guided treatment was correlated with prolonged progression-free survival (pooled Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.56-0.70; 18 studies) and overall survival (pooled HR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51-0.70; 21 studies) when compared to conventional treatment. Meta-regression time projections analyses showed that these rates will steadily increase by 2030.

Conclusions
Pooled analyses of RWE studies indicate that approximately one-fourth of the patients receiving CGP-matched treatment have an objective response. By utilizing meta-regression projections, our nationwide cancer registry case-study offers insights into the potential of precision oncology for patients with metastatic cancer and to inform future healthcare strategies.
An improved BISG for inferring race from surname and geolocation
Authors: Greengard Philip , Gelman Andrew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) is a ubiquitous tool for predicting race and ethnicity using an individual’s geolocation and surname. Here we demonstrate that statistical dependence of surname and geolocation within racial/ethnic categories in the US results in biases for minority subpopulations, and we introduce a raking-based improvement. Our method augments the data used by BISG—distributions of race by geolocation and race by surname—with the distribution of surname by geolocation obtained from state voter files. We validate our algorithm on state voter registration lists that contain self-identified race/ethnicity.
Accommodating informative visit times for analysing irregular longitudinal data: a sensitivity analysis approach with balancing weights estimators
Authors: Yiu Sean , Su Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Irregular longitudinal data with informative visit times arise when patients’ visits are partly driven by concurrent disease outcomes. However, existing methods such as inverse intensity weighting (IIW), often overlook or have not adequately assessed the influence of informative visit times on estimation and inference. Based on novel balancing weights estimators, we propose a new sensitivity analysis approach to addressing informative visit times within the IIW framework. The balancing weights are obtained by balancing observed history variable distributions over time and including a selection function with specified sensitivity parameters to characterize the additional influence of the concurrent outcome on the visit process. A calibration procedure is proposed to anchor the range of the sensitivity parameters to the amount of variation in the visit process that could be additionally explained by the concurrent outcome given the observed history and time. Simulations demonstrate that our balancing weights estimators outperform existing weighted estimators for robustness and efficiency. We provide an R Markdown tutorial of the proposed methods and apply them to analyse data from a clinic-based cohort of psoriatic arthritis.
A common law power to dissect: a medico-legal history
Authors: Shaw Joshua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Some jurists claimed there was a common law power to dissect the human body prior to and outside of the Anatomy Act 1832. That power formed part of the privileges of physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries, and, accordingly, the common law to the extent it recognized those privileges. It is best evidenced in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries—most authoritatively by the Court of Queen’s Bench in R v Price in 1884, the Québec Superior Court in Phillips v Montreal General Hospital in 1908, and the reasons of the inquiry into the conduct Dr William Ramsay Smith in 1903, but also in the comments of writers in law manuals until the mid-twentieth century. The existence of a common law power to dissect challenges narratives ordinarily told about the history of anatomy law specifically and the law of the dead generally. The power may also still exist if legislation in a jurisdiction has not displaced or substantially altered it. Through medico-legal history, the author argues that the medical lawyer can benefit from re-examining old doctrines. Heterodox elements in old doctrines suggest alternative possibilities for the law, allowing medical law’s histories to be retold.
Inferred Developmental Origins of Brain Tumors from Single Cell RNA-Sequencing Data
Authors: Wang Su , Curry Rachel Naomi , McDonald Malcolm F , Koh Hyun Yong , Erickson Anders W , Kleinman Claudia , Taylor Michael D , Rao Ganesh , Deneen Benjamin , Harmanci Arif O , Harmanci Akdes Serin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The reactivation of neurodevelopmental programs in cancer highlights parallel biological processes that occur in both normal development and brain tumors. Achieving a deeper understanding of how dysregulated developmental factors play a role in the progression of brain tumors is therefore crucial for identifying potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) provides an opportunity to understand how developmental programs are dysregulated and reinitiated in brain tumors at single-cell resolution. The aim of this study is to identify developmental origins of brain tumors using scRNA-Seq data.

Methods
Here, we introduce COORS (Cell Of ORigin like CellS), a computational tool trained on developmental human brain single-cell datasets that annotates “developmental-like” cell states in brain tumors. COORS leverages cell type-specific multilayer perceptron models and incorporates a developmental cell type tree that reflects hierarchical relationships and models cell type probabilities.

Results
Applying COORS to various brain cancer datasets, including medulloblastoma (MB), glioma, and diffuse midline glioma (DMG), we identified developmental-like cells that represent putative cells of origin in these tumors. Our method provides both cell of origin classification and cell age regression, offering insights into the developmental cell types of tumor subgroups. COORS identified outer radial glia (oRG) developmental cells within IDHWT glioma cells whereas oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and neuronal-like cells in IDHMut. Interestingly, IDHMut subgroup cells that map to OPC show bimodal distributions, that are both early and late weeks in development. Furthermore, COORS offers a valuable resource by providing novel markers linked to developmental states within of MB, glioma and DMG tumor subgroups.

Conclusion
Our work adds to our cumulative understanding of brain tumor heterogeneity and helps pave the way for tailored treatment strategies.
Introduction
Authors: Catana Leo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Introduction explains the motivations for the present work, namely, to give modern readers access to an eighteenth-century text that was decisive to the methodology of history of philosophy as a philosophical discipline from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, in some cases even longer; Brucker’s Historia critica philosophiae (1742–1744). The Introduction thus explains his central methodological concepts, notably the concept ‘system of philosophy’, and the use of this methodological concept in his periodization of the world’s past philosophies. Moreover, the Introduction also explains how these methodological precepts were put into practice in the case of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. According to Brucker, Socrates developed a sound philosophical method, that is, a sceptical and non-sectarian method of philosophizing that should also serve as an ideal for the modern philosopher. The Introduction explains how Brucker arrived at this interpretation of Socrates by rejecting late ancient and Renaissance Platonist interpretations of Socrates and his method, and how he used Socrates as a proxy to engage in a contemporary theological debate that included Ralph Cudworth. Brucker’s interpretation of Socrates as a rational, sceptical philosopher became influential in subsequent histories of philosophies, and it has typically been treated as an objective an unbiased interpretation. The Introduction explains, however, that his interpretation was partly an outcome of a theological polemics and premised on Brucker’s theological position, imposing a filter through which Socrates has often been understood. Finally, the Introduction accounts for Brucker’s European outlook, his intended audience, and the guidelines governing the present translation.
A Diagnostic in Docility
Authors: Garrod Raphaële 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drawing on medical and rhetorical accounts of ingenuity from Erasmus and Quintilian (edited by Rabelais’s friend Guillaume Philandrier) and from his edition of Galen’s Ars parva, the Torchecul episode is a holistic diagnosis of the powers and unruliness of young Gargantua’s ingenium. Rabelais aligns the child’s autodidactic discovery of hygiene with his father’s realization that his son’s wit also needs discipline: words and enema testify to physiological workings requiring management. The five-year-old’s experimental find of the best arsewipe and his verbal pyrotechnics in narrating it to his father display the cognitive characteristics of a good ingenium in both medicine and rhetoric: he has a quick wit, acute sensory recollection, excellent memory, and promising logical powers of inference made manifest in copious lists, an impromptu proverb, pun, and invective, and in his attempt at modal syllogistic. Yet the child lacks judgement and misuses his recollections in improper chatter; he needs schooling.