bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portrayal of depression and other mental illnesses in Australian nonfiction media
Authors: Francis Catherine , Pirkis Jane , Blood R. Warwick , Dunt David , Burgess Philip , Morley Belinda , Stewart Andrew 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study describes Australian media portrayal of mental illnesses, focusing on depression. A random sample of 1,123 items was selected for analysis from a pool of 13,389 nonfictional media items about mental illness collected between March 2000 and February 2001. Depression was portrayed more frequently than other mental illnesses. Items about depression, eating disorders, and substance use disorders most commonly described policies or programs, whereas items about schizophrenia most frequently portrayed individuals or symptoms and treatment. A minority of items about depression presented information about symptoms, causes, treatment, or prognosis. Although such information was generally accurate, a proportion of items conveyed misleading messages. There is therefore scope for increasing the level of accurate information provided about depression in the Australian media. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 283–297, 2005.
The interactive relationship among adolescent violence, street violence, and depression
Authors: Latzman Robert D. , Swisher Raymond R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPrevious research has shown community violence to be detrimental to adolescent well‐being, yet relatively little is known about how adolescents respond to violence in their community. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examines the interactive associations among exposure to street violence, adolescent violence, and depression. As hypothesized, results suggest that an adolescent's own violence lessens the negative association between street violence and depression. Similarly, exposure to street violence moderates the association between own violence and depression. Examination across demographic subgroups indicates that these moderating effects are most pronounced among males and older adolescents. Potential developmental consequences of these relationships are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 355–371, 2005.
Functional consequences of mutations in a putative Akt phosphorylation motif of B‐raf in human cancers
Authors: Ikenoue Tsuneo , Kanai Fumihiko , Hikiba Yohko , Tanaka Yasuo , Imamura Jun , Ohta Miki , Jazag Amarsanaa , Guleng Bayasi , Asaoka Yoshinari , Tateishi Keisuke , Kawakami Takayuki , Matsumura Masayuki , Kawabe Takao , Omata Masao 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMutations in the B‐raf gene have been reported in a number of human cancers, including melanoma and lung cancer. More than 80% of the reported B‐raf mutations were V599E; however, non‐V599E mutations have been frequently found in non‐small cell lung cancers as compared with melanoma. Some non‐V599E mutations have been found surrounding Thr439, which is thought likely to be one of the three Akt phosphorylation sites in the B‐raf protein. However, as a previous report indicated that Thr439 was not phosphorylated by Akt, the functional consequences of these mutations have been unclear. Here, we examined the effects of cancer‐related B‐raf mutations surrounding Thr439 on the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein/ extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) pathway and the transformation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Among the three reported mutations (K438Q, K438T, and T439P) found in non‐small cell lung carcinoma and melanoma, none elevated the activity of the MEK/Erk cascade as determined by in vitro kinase assays, immunoblots using antibody specific for phosphorylated Erk, or Elk1‐dependent reporter assays. The inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling by LY294002 increased the Erk activation induced by the mutant B‐raf proteins, as well as by wild‐type B‐raf. Furthermore, the B‐raf mutants did not have increased NIH 3T3‐transforming activities, as determined by colony‐formation assays. These results suggest that the B‐raf mutations surrounding Thr439 found in human cancers are unlikely to contribute to increased oncogenic properties of B‐raf. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of abdominal leak point pressure with objective incontinence severity in men with post‐radical prostatectomy stress incontinence
Authors: Twiss Christian , Fleischmann Nicole , Nitti Victor W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAimsTo determine if the abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) correlates with objective incontinence severity in patients suffering from post‐prostatectomy stress incontinence.MethodsTwenty‐nine men were evaluated for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy with videourodynamics and a 24‐hr pad test. ALPP was determined with and without a 7‐French urodynamics catheter and the lowest value was accepted. Six patients with urgency incontinence associated with detrusor overactivity or decreased bladder compliance were excluded leaving 23 patients for analysis. The relationship between the variables of ALPP, 24‐hr pad weight, age and time from prostatectomy were examined with Pearson correlation.ResultsThe mean age was 66.4 years (SD ± 7.9, range: 45–81) and the median time from radical prostatectomy was 23 months (IQR = 14–64, range: 9–204). The mean ALPP was 92.8 cmH2O (SD ± 42.4 cmH2O) and the mean pad weight was 279.1 g (SD ± 238.3 g). There was only a weak inverse correlation between ALPP and 24‐hr pad weight which was not statistically significant (r = − 0.191, P = 0.38). Age and time from prostatectomy did not significantly correlate with ALPP (r = − 0.122, P = 0.58 and r = − 0.23, P = 0.29, respectively).ConclusionsALPP did not correlate significantly with the 24‐hr pad test in patients with post‐prostatectomy stress incontinence. This suggests that in this patient subset, the ALPP is a relatively poor predictor of incontinence severity and, therefore, has limited clinical value in the urodynamic evaluation of post‐prostatectomy incontinence. The urodynamic assessment of these patients should focus on the presence or absence of stress incontinence and on the presence of associated bladder dysfunction. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing self‐perceived disease severity in women with stress urinary incontinence combined with or without urge incontinence
Authors: Oh Seung‐June , Ku Ja Hyeon , Hong Sung Kyu , Kim Soo Woong , Paick Jae‐Seung , Son Hwancheol 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of patient‐perceived disease severity (PPDS) on the quality of life (QoL) of women with urinary incontinence (UI) and to identify factors predicting PPDS.MethodsA total of 109 women (mean age 54.9; range 31–77) with stress UI combined with or without urge UI were included in the primary analyses. The incontinence quality of life (I‐QoL) devised during the course of this study was used to assess the QOL impact of UI.ResultsPPDS of women with UI increased as I‐QoL scores decreased (P < 0.001). When analyzed by patient characteristics and objective test results, PPDS increased only with the number of episodes (P = 0.005) and pad test weight increased (P = 0.010). By multivariate regression analysis, patients who complained of UI “three to four times a day or more” had 6.4‐fold higher risk (P = 0.027) of perceiving that their symptoms were more severe than those who complained of a UI “one to two times per week or less.” Patients with a pad test weight of >25 g had a 4.7‐fold higher risk of perceiving their symptoms were more severe than those with a pad test weight of <15 g.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the frequency of UI episodes and the volume of urine loss are associated with PPDS. In addition, the I‐QoL scores deteriorated significantly as the PPDS of incontinence increased. Thus, PPDS may impact on the QoL of women with stress UI combined with or without urge UI. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of fluorinated polyacrylate latex with core–shell structure
Authors: Zhang Chaocan , Chen Yanjun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFluorinated polyacrylate latices with core–shell structure were prepared by semi‐continuous emulsion polymerization, using a mixed emulsifier system composed of a reactive emulsifier and a small amount of anionic emulsifier. The conversion and chemical components of the final latices were studied by gravimetric methods and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, respectively. The structure of the latex particles was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis. The latex films exhibited a low surface energy and high water‐contact angles. The surface analysis from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the fluorinated components preferentially self‐organized at the film–air interface. From XPS depth profiling of the film, it was found that a gradient concentration of fluorine existed in the structure of the latex film from the film–air interface to the film–glass interface. Compared with the core–shell structure with a fluorinated core, the core–shell structure with a fluorinated shell was more effective for modifying the properties of the latex films. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Positive Corona Ignition and Development in Air at Atmospheric Pressure under a Heaviside Voltage Pulse
Authors: Bessières Delphine , Paillol Jean , Gibert Alain , Pécastaing Laurent 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: The primary streamer propagation is presented under a high over voltage biexponential pulse. The positive corona current pulse and the streak emission in the visible band are compared with classical ones obtained under continuous voltages. A cathode spot formation is observed and secondary emission processes are expected to play a major role in the development of this zone. The mean velocity of primary streamers increases with the order of corona under a Heaviside voltage pulse. This increase may be due to neutral depopulation of the canal.Photograph of corona under an applied voltage.magnified imagePhotograph of corona under an applied voltage.
Water Treatment Using Discharge on the Surface of a Bubble in Water
Authors: Yamabe Chobei , Takeshita Fumiaki , Miichi Tomoaki , Hayashi Nobuya , Ihara Satoshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: A new method for water treatment utilizing radicals produced by a discharge on the surface of a bubble in water is proposed and this method is applied to the de‐color of indigo solution whose original color is blue. The discharge of this method begins at the crossing points of mesh electrode, acrylic resin spacer, and bubbling gas (i.e., called a triple junction where there is a weak point for the electrical breakdown in the electrical power devices). This weak point for the electrical breakdown is used very actively for the surface discharge. The discharge process on the surface of the bubble in water is also observed using a wire‐to‐plane electrode system to fix the observation region of discharge (type‐A reactor). The streamer length estimated by photographs increased linearly with the applied voltage. The energy consumption of discharge for type‐B reactor with a mesh‐to‐plane electrode in oxygen is about 0.09 J when the applied voltage is 20 kV. Production efficiency of the H2O2 concentration of about 27 mg · L−1 in oxygen (46 mg · L−1 in helium) has been obtained when the repetition rate of discharge operated by a pulsed‐power generator, the peak value of applied voltage, and the discharge period are 100 pps (pulsed power generator), 25 kV and 60 min, respectively.De‐colorization rate of indigo solution for different discharge periods.magnified imageDe‐colorization rate of indigo solution for different discharge periods.
Spectroscopic Diagnostics of DBD in Ar/Fluorocarbon Mixtures – Correlation between Plasma Parameters and Properties of Deposited Polymer Films
Authors: Vinogradov Igor , Lunk Achim 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: Spectroscopic diagnostics of a pulse‐modulated dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in fluorocarbon mixtures at atmospheric pressure are reported. Plasma diagnostics was performed by FTIR‐absorption spectroscopy as well as by emission/absorption spectroscopy in the UV‐vis range. The following fluorocarbon molecules have been studied: CF4, C2F6, C3F8, C2H2F4, C3HF7 and c‐C4F8. Emission and absorption spectroscopy were performed simultaneously in combination with the measurement of the electric parameters (current, voltage and phase). Surface tension measurement, FTIR‐absorption spectroscopy and XPS were applied to get information on the surface tension, chemical composition and structure of the fluorocarbon polymer films in dependence on the fluorocarbon gas applied. Substrates used were Si wafers, foils and textiles. Analysis of XPS spectra indicates that polymer films can be deposited if the F/C ratio of precursor molecule is smaller than or close to 3. FTIR‐absorption spectra of the films on Si wafers indicated an “amorphous” film structure with the main absorption peak of CF2‐groups at 1 200 cm−1. F/C ratio of precursor molecule is strongly correlated with the appearance of an “amorphous” PTFE absorption peak at 740 cm−1 in the discharge volume. XPS‐analysis and FTIR‐absorption spectroscopy show the influence of H atom content in fluorocarbon molecule or admixture of H2 molecules on the cross linking effect in the films. Depending on the experimental conditions and gas mixture, films with a smallest surface tension of about 11 mN/m could be deposited.Dependence of surface tension (total, polar and dispersive components) on effective deposition time and substrate material (PP, PET) (Ar/c‐C4F8 discharge).magnified imageDependence of surface tension (total, polar and dispersive components) on effective deposition time and substrate material (PP, PET) (Ar/c‐C4F8 discharge).
‘Religion’ in the 2001 Census for England and Wales
Authors: Southworth Joanna R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe 2001 Census in England and Wales asked a question on religion for the first time since 1851. This paper takes an empirically rich look at the process that led to the reintroduction of this question into the Census. Drawing on official documents and interviews with key figures in the process, it discusses the extent to which minority groups were able to influence the form and content of the census. The conclusion reached is that in terms of the official consultation process, the faith communities did not present a strong enough case for the inclusion of a question on religion. The intervention of political factors, however, was the key to its success, and religion is now part of the statistical picture of England and Wales. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Race and religious pluralism in Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: Clarke Colin , Howard David 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe elaboration of syncretic belief systems outside the framework of white‐dominated denominational Christianity by enslaved African labourers is a fundamental hallmark of the religious terrain of Caribbean societies. This process of creole institution‐building started during the period of slavery, and, in the case of Jamaica, continued throughout the post‐emancipation period, during which the black lower class formed Afro‐Christian sects and cults. This paper examines religious pluralism in Kingston, the capital of Jamaica, over the decades since independence in 1962, and focuses on the spatial expression of that religious divide. It shows that Afro‐Christian religions still correlate with the black lower class, although the growth of US‐based evangelical sects in Kingston's downtown areas has gathered pace in recent decades. Uptown Kingston remains predominantly Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist or Methodist, although by no means so exclusively white or light‐skinned as before independence. Special attention will be given to the cult of Rastafari and the Pentecostal sect in the Jamaican context, both of which exemplify post‐slavery creole creativity, and provide a religious framework for confronting historical white racism. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photon echo studies of biexcitons and coherences in colloidal CdSe quantum dots
Authors: Colonna Anne E. , Yang Xiujuan , Scholes Gregory D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the size‐dependent photoluminescence from CdSe colloidal quantum dots that were investigated in the work [1]. Ultrafast photon echo experiments were undertaken in conjunction with simulations based on a realistic many‐body theory, shown in the picture, to ascertain the significance of many‐body contributions to the third‐order nonlinear response.The first author Anne E. Colonna undertook this research during a summer internship in the Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto. She is currently pursuing graduate studies at École Polytechnique, Saclay, in the Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences.The author Gregory D. Scholes is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto. His research interests include synthesis and shape control of quantum dots, as well as the application of ultrafast laser spectroscopy to investigate the electronic structure of inorganic and organic semiconductors. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical study of kaolinite
Authors: Castro Elton A. S. , Martins João B. L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractKaolin clays are layer aluminosilicates showing a large variety of physicochemical properties. The most common clay mineral, kaolinite, has been widely studied and it crystallizes in space group P1. We used the ab initio method in order to study kaolinite structure. The RHF calculations were performed at different basis set levels and pseudopotentials (3‐21G*, 6‐31G, DZP, TZV, CEP‐31G, LANL2DZ, and SHC). The two‐layer Oniom calculation was applied. The RHF and B3LYP at the 3‐21G* basis set level were used for the high‐layer Oniom and the Dreiding force field was used for the low‐layer Oniom. The hydrogen positions were completely optimized. The geometry of cluster models is taken from the crystallographic data. Vibrational frequencies of hydrogen stretching are also reported. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Band gap engineering for poly(p‐phenylene) and poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) copolymers using the tight‐binding approach
Authors: Giro R. , Caldas M. J. , Galvão D. S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe interest in poly(p‐phenylene) (PPP) and poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) copolymers stems from the fact that these homopolymers present interesting optical and electronic properties that allow a great variety of technological applications. Combining different numbers of PPP and PPV units it is possible, in principle, to obtain new structures presenting intermediate gap values (2.8 eV and 2.4 eV for PPP and PPV, respectively). For this study we used a Hückel Hamiltonian tight‐binding coupled to the negative factor counting (NFC) technique. We carried out a systematic search to determine optimum relative concentrations for disordered binary polymeric alloys with predefined gap values. Once these structures were obtained, we used the semiempirical methods AM1/PM3 and ZINDO/S‐CI for geometrical and optical studies, respectively. Our theoretical results show that it is possible to obtain copolymers of PPP and PPV with intermediate gap values of their parent structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Theoretical study of the reactions BF3 + BX, where X = H or N
Authors: Barreto Patrícia R. P. , Vilela Alessandra F. A. , Gargano Ricardo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis work presents the rate constant for the gas‐phase reaction BF3 + BX, where X = H or N, over the temperature range of 200–4,000 K. Conventional transition state theory (TST) is used to study these reactions. Geometries, frequencies, and the potential energy for reactant, products, and saddle point are obtained from accurate electronic structure calculations performed with the GAUSSIAN 98 program. The reaction rate for these reactions are determined using a simple code developed for this task. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: outcome in 176 cases
Authors: Gaglioti P. , Danelon D. , Bontempo S. , Mombrò M. , Cardaropoli S. , Todros T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of fetuses affected by different degrees of ventriculomegaly.MethodsWe studied 176 fetuses with ventriculomegaly and evaluated the pregnancy outcome and the neurodevelopmental outcome at age ≥ 24 months. The population was divided into three groups according to ventricular width: A (mild ventriculomegaly, 10 to 12 mm); B (moderate, 12.1 to 14.9 mm) and C (severe, ≥ 15 mm).ResultsVentriculomegaly was more often an isolated finding in Group A (44/75; 58.7%) than in Group B (10/41; 24.4%) and Group C (24/60; 40%). When the ventriculomegaly was an isolated finding, 97.7% of fetuses with mild, 80% with moderate and 33.3% of those with severe dilatation were alive at ≥ 24 months. The neurodevelopmental outcome was normal in 93% of Group A, 75% of Group B and 62.5% of Group C.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the definition of borderline ventriculomegaly should be limited to ventricular width below 12 mm. Cases with measurements above this value are more often associated with malformations and have a normal neurodevelopmental outcome less frequently. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exchange of β‐blockers in heart failure patients. Experiences from the poststudy phase of COMET (the Carvedilol or Metoprolol European Trial)
Authors: Di Lenarda Andrea , Remme Willem J. , Charlesworth Andrew , Cleland John G.F. , Lutiger Beatrix , Metra Marco , Komajda Michel , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Scherhag Armin , Swedberg Karl , Poole‐Wilson Philip A. ,   for the COMET investors
Published: March 2005

BackgroundThe Carvedilol or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET) reported a significant survival benefit for carvedilol, a β1‐, β2‐ and α1‐blocker, vs. metoprolol tartrate, a β1‐selective blocker, in patients with mild‐to‐severe chronic heart failure (CHF). Patients on treatment with metoprolol might benefit from switching to carvedilol.AimTo investigate the safety and tolerability of switching β‐blockers in CHF.MethodsAt the end of COMET, the Steering Committee recommended that study medication was stopped without unblinding, and patients were commenced on open‐label β‐blockade at a dose equivalent to half the dose of blinded therapy, with subsequent titration to target or maximum tolerated dose. Patients were followed for 30 days.Results1321 out of 1440 patients were transitioned to open‐label treatment (76.8% to carvedilol). Serious adverse and CHF‐related events were respectively 9.4% and 4.7% in those switching from carvedilol to metoprolol and 3.1% and 1.5% in patients switching from metoprolol to carvedilol. Patients who switched from carvedilol to metoprolol showed the highest mortality or hospitalisation rate (12.3%) in comparison with those who switched from metoprolol to carvedilol (3.1%, p<0.001) or who stayed on the same drug (carvedilol: 2.5%, p<0.001; metoprolol: 4.2%, p=0.04). Reducing the initial dose of the second β‐blocker maximised the safety of this strategy. Event rate was higher in patients with more severe heart failure and in those withdrawing from β‐blockade.ConclusionOur data show that switching β‐blockers is a practical, safe and well‐tolerated strategy to optimise treatment of CHF. Patients who switched to carvedilol showed the lowest rate of adverse events. A closer clinical monitoring is recommended during transition in high‐risk patients.