bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The needs of older people with mental health problems according to the user, the carer, and the staff
Authors: Hancock Geraldine A. , Reynolds Tom , Woods Bob , Thornicroft Graham , Orrell Martin 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBackgroundIndividual assessment of needs has been recognised as the most appropriate way to allocate health and social care resources. These assessments, however, are often made by the staff or by a carer who acts as an advocate for the user themselves. Little is known about how these proxy measures compare to how individual patients perceive their own needs.AimThe aim of this study was to measure and compare ratings of need for older people with mental health problems by the older person themselves, their carer, and an appropriate staff member.MethodOne‐hundred and one older people were identified from various mental health services and 87 users, 57 carers, and 95 staff were interviewed using the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) to identify met and unmet needs.ResultsUsers identified significantly fewer of their needs (5.5) than either staff (8.1) or carers (8.3) did, but this difference was accounted for by people with dementia reporting less needs. Users identified fewer psychological or social needs (e.g. daytime activities, company, or carer distress) than staff or carers did. The average Kappa indicating level of agreement between staff and user was 0.52, between user and carer was 0.53, and between carer and user was 0.58. This showed only a fair level of reliability between different ratings of need.ConclusionsUser perspectives should be given a high priority when assessing individual needs. Fears that assessment of need would be unduly time‐consuming or would simply reflect individual demands should be allayed. A user‐based assessment will assist healthcare providers to prioritise needs according to what the user themselves consider to be most important, beneficial, and acceptable to them. Reliance solely on assessment by staff or carers may not lead to the most equitable or appropriate use of services. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neglect of somatoform disorders by old age psychiatry: some explanations and suggestions for future research
Authors: Wijeratne Chanaka , Brodaty Henry , Hickie Ian 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAimThe somatoform disorders have long been ignored by old age psychiatry. The main aim of this paper is to identify and examine possible reasons for this neglect.MethodA selective review of the general literature on somatoform disorders.ResultsSignificant conceptual, diagnostic and classificatory problems have impeded the consideration of somatoform disorders in older people. There is a perception that somatoform disorders are infrequent and have not been validated as independent clinical disorders. However, we present evidence that the more broadly defined somatoform disorders are common in all age groups in primary care and meet criteria for the determination of clinical validity. General difficulties in the assessment of psychiatric disorders in primary care, the setting in which somatoform disorders are most common, are compounded by a lack of support from old age psychiatry services. Effective psychological therapies may not be readily available to sufferers.ConclusionThere is a need for change in the conceptualisation and nosology of the somatoform disorders. The formulation of age appropriate diagnostic criteria and presentations is a prerequisite for determining the clinical validity of these disorders in older people. This can be followed by study of their frequency, associated risk factors and treatment. A system of education that enhances the management of these disorders within primary care and old age psychiatry services is needed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative effects of risperidone and olanzapine on cognition in elderly patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Harvey Philip D. , Napolitano Judy A. , Mao Lian , Gharabawi Georges 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of risperidone and olanzapine on cognitive functioning in elderly patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.MethodOne hundred seventy‐six elderly inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were enrolled in this multicenter, double‐blind trial. After their antipsychotic medications were tapered for 1 week, patients were randomly assigned to receive either risperidone 1 to 3 mg/day or olanzapine 5 to 20 mg/day for 8 weeks. Performance on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Serial Verbal Learning Test (SVLT), TMT (Trail Making Test) Parts A and B, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Verbal Fluency Examinations (VFE) was assessed at baseline and at end point.ResultsPatients in the risperidone group had improved scores on at least one test of attention, memory, executive function, and verbal fluency, and those in the olanzapine group had improved scores on at least one test of attention and memory function. Scores on the TMT Part B, WCST total errors (executive function domain), and the VFE improved significantly from baseline in the risperidone group but not in the olanzapine group. No significant differences in change scores between the two groups were found. Higher baseline scores on each test predicted more improvement at endpoint.ConclusionsLow doses of risperidone and olanzapine improve cognitive function in elderly patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Consistent with research in younger populations, these improvements occur in aspects of cognitive functioning related to functional outcome. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat transfer control in an enclosure by using a rotating plate and stratified fluids
Authors: Kimura Teruo , Takeuchi Masanori , Nagai Niroh , Yoshida Tetsuya 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe effects of an inner rotating plate with horizontal axis on the heat transfer between two vertical walls in a rectangular enclosure with stratified fluid layers were investigated experimentally. The aspect ratio of the enclosure height/width was 1 throughout the experiments. An acrylic plate with small thermal conductivity was installed horizontally at the center of the square enclosure, and was rotated at various speeds for normal and reverse rotations by using the motor installed outside of the enclosure. Purified water and silicon oil were used as the working fluids and were stratified in the enclosure. It is shown here that the heat transfer rate of the enclosure with stratified fluid layers differs largely from that of the enclosure with a single fluid layer. Namely, the heat transfer coefficient increases rapidly at a low rotating speed range, and maintains an almost constant value at a high rotating speed range. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(6): 489–500, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10081
Thermal imaging system applying two‐color thermometry
Authors: Yamada Jun , Murase Toru , Kurosaki Yasuo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis study proposes a new thermal imaging system using the principle of two‐color thermometry to determine the temperature of objects. The system can provide a thermal image of objects without being assigned their emissivity. Applying two‐color thermometry to a thermograph is performed by dividing the detectable wavelength range of a radiation detector into two different ranges using respective bandpass filters. A thermal image is constructed from the two energy distributions of radiation which are measured after passing through each filter. In this study, in order to evaluate the accuracy of imaged temperature in the present system, an error analysis for imaged temperature is carried out and the accuracy of the imaged temperature in the present system is compared with those in a conventional thermograph. This study also demonstrates the performance of the present system by imaging the temperature of objects with different emissivities and at different temperatures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(6): 473–488, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10104
Effects of physiological isotonic cryoprotectants on living cells during the freezing–thawing process and effects of their uptake by electroporation: Sp2 cells in alginate–trehalose solutions
Authors: Shirakashi Ryo , Müller Kilian J. , Sukhorukov Vladimir L. , Zimmermann Ulrich 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn the present study, effects of isotonic alginate and trehalose solutions on electroporated and unpulsed control murine myeloma cells (Sp2 line) during the freezing–thawing process were evaluated. To investigate the effects of these potential cryoprotectants, microscopic examination of cell suspensions in alginate–NaCl, alginate–trehalose, or trehalose media was performed during freezing–thawing at various cooling/warming rates (e.g., −1, −5, and −90 °C/min). It was found that, even at the lowest cooling rate, extracellular ice grains did not mechanically suppress cells in the trehalose‐substituted medium. Moreover, at all cooling rates, intracellular ice nucleation seldom occurred in the presence of extracellular trehalose. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(6): 511–523, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10105
Simulation of the daily change of soil temperature under different conditions
Authors: Fan A.W. , Liu W. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this paper, by employing a mathematical model which was established to describe the physical mechanisms of heat and mass transfer in unsaturated porous media, some comparisons between the daily changes of soil temperatures under five different conditions have been conducted. The numerical simulations show that the ambient temperature, solar radiant heat flux, soil initial water content, ambient wind speed, atmospheric relative humidity, and soil porosity exert significant effects on the daily change of soil temperature. The differences between the daily changes of soil temperatures in those cases are also discussed and analyzed, which may provide some useful information for agriculture applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(6): 533–544, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10106
A thermal dispersion model for single phase flow in porous media
Authors: Du Jianhua , Hu Xuejiao , Wu Wei , Wang Bu‐Xuan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA new model for thermal dispersion is proposed based on the character of flow in porous media which relates the dispersion with the velocity and the tortuosity of fluid flow in the pores. Compared with former similar models, this one has fewer adjustable empirical constants, and therefore it is expected to be used more conveniently. The prediction by the present model can successfully reproduce the temperature distributions in the nearby wall region when a single phase fluid flows through a packed channel. The results of Nu versus Re agree well with the experimental results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(6): 545–552, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10107
Modeling of hot gas flow through a feed stream within a horizontal pipe
Authors: Hu G.X. , Xu W. , Liu Y.Q. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractHigh heat penetration into a feed stream within a horizontal pipe is described mathematically with a gas flow and heat transfer model. Influences of varied factors on the gas flow and heat transfer in porous media are examined for different conditions. The temperature of the packed‐bed particles and the gas velocity distribution curves are obtained for the feeding service at interruption and at regular charge operating conditions. The numerical results show that the thermal effect to the packed‐bed particles by the seepage flow fluid is high only in the position near the gas entrance. The thermal penetration depth tends to increase with the seepage flow velocity and decrease with the feed rate. The operating conditions and the porosity of solid bed have importance effects on the gas velocity and temperature field in the thermal penetration zone. The model results are found to compare favorably with the experimental data available in the literature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(6): 553–565, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10109
Effects of operating conditions on infiltration of molten aluminum and heat transfer in a centrifugal force field
Authors: Tian Qinwei , Hu Guoxin , Wang Guoshan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an analysis aimed at determining the influence of changing operating conditions in the centrifugal infiltration casting. It considers the effect of centrifugal force on infiltration and heat transfer. The molten aluminum flow with heat transfer though SiC porous media in a centrifugal force field is described using a mathematical and physical model by employing the local thermal nonequilibrium between the solid and fluid phases. The calculation results show that the temperature difference between molten aluminum and SiC porous media in the infiltrated region decreases with the contact time. There are two distinctly noticeable stages of infiltration velocity: the onset stage of infiltration, which drops down sharply, and the following stage of smooth velocity. The operating conditions have important effects on the infiltration velocity and temperature patterns of fluid and solid. A suitable rotational speed and SiC volume fraction should be chosen to ensure the flow of molten metal in the porous preform and diminish the temperature difference between fluid and solid. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(6): 501–510, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10114
The improvement of heat transfer efficiencies in cool‐thermal discharge systems with complete removal of melt
Authors: Ho Chii‐Dong , Wang Cheng‐Kuo , Wang Wen‐Pen 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA new device of air time–velocity variations in cool‐thermal discharge systems from ice melting with complete melt removal was proposed and the mathematical formulation for calculating the outlet chilled air temperature with convective transfer by adjusting the air mass velocity on free ice surface was developed. The proposed device in this study is a technical feasibility in controlling the outlet chilled air temperature by adjusting the air mass velocity and enhancing heat transfer efficiency by removing melt with a maximum temperature gradient. Three numerical examples of the inlet ambient air temperature were illustrated for practical applications under complete melt removal, and hence the time history of the air mass velocity was also obtained for the desired outlet chilled air temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(6): 524–532, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj/10119
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: Roles in regulating tumor cell migration and expression of angiogenic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ren Yi , Tsui Hong‐Teng , Poon Ronnie Tung‐Ping , Ng Irene Oi‐Lin , Li Zhi , Chen Yongxiong , Jiang Guoping , Lau Cecilia , Yu Wun‐Ching , Bacher Michael , Fan Sheung‐Tat 
Published: August 2003

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may contribute to multiple aspects of tumor progression, including control of cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival and angiogenesis. However, the potential roles of MIF in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor cell migration and the expression of angiogenic factors by HCC tumor cells have not been studied yet. In our study, we reported that intracellular MIF mRNA and protein were overexpressed in HCC tissues compared to nontumor tissues by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemic staining. HCC tumor cell lines also secreted large amounts of MIF into the supernatants of tumor cell culture. To assess the role of MIF in HCC, we employed the transwell invasion chamber to study the effect of MIF on tumor cell migration. Our results showed that recombinant MIF and the supernatants of tumor cell line culture could enhance the invasion and migration of HCC cells. This effect can be inhibited by the addition of a neutralizing anti‐MIF antibody. We observed that increased MIF serum levels correlated with higher levels of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in the sera of patients with HCC than in normal volunteers. We therefore hypothesized that MIF may regulate the production of angiogenic factors by HCC cells. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of MIF treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL‐8 expression by HCC cell lines. MIF induced a significant dose‐dependent increase in IL‐8 and VEGF production. Taken together, our results indicated that MIF may act as an autocrine‐acting factor that stimulates angiogenesis and metastasis in HCC by promoting expression of angiogenic factors and migration of tumor cells. A more detailed understanding of the MIF regulatory mechanisms involved may provide insight into new direction in the treatment of HCC. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus NS5A as a potential viral Bcl‐2 homologue interacts with Bax and inhibits apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chung Yih‐Lin , Sheu Meei‐Ling , Yen Sang‐Hue 
Published: August 2003

AbstractTreatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with butyrate can induce apoptosis irrespective of hepatitis B virus integration. No information is available, however, regarding the effect of butyrate on HCC in the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) because some HCV proteins can regulate cell survival. By gene transfer, we found that HCV core enhances but HCV NS5A antagonizes sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB)‐induced apoptosis in HCC cells, which is independent of p53. We then chose the p53‐negative Hep3B HCC cell to investigate the mechanism of anti‐apoptosis mediated by NS5A. In the NaPB‐treated Hep3B cells without NS5A expression, induction of apoptosis was associated with Bax redistribution from the cytosol to the nucleus interior and subsequently, to a nuclear membrane‐bound form. In the NS5A expressing Hep3B cells, NaPB treatment also triggered relocalization of both Bax and NS5A from the cytosol to the nucleus interior but Bax retained inside the nucleus and did not finally move to the nuclear membrane. Using double immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that NS5A co‐localizes and interacts with Bax in the nucleus. The HCV NS5A protein was further found to contain Bcl‐2 homology domains (BH3, BH1 and BH2). Additional studies using deleted NS5A constructs were carried out to determine whether the BH2 domain or nuclear localization signal (NLS) in NS5A is required for interaction with Bax in the nucleus or inhibition of apoptosis. NS5A with deletion of both BH2 domain and NLS localized in the cytoplasm, dissociated with Bax, and lost anti‐apoptosis activity during NaPB treatment. In contrast, NS5A with intact BH domains except NLS still bound directly to Bax in the perinuclear region or the nucleus, but showed less association with Bax in the nucleus and lower effect in apoptosis inhibition than full‐length NS5A. These results suggest that HCV NS5A as a Bcl‐2 homologue interacts with Bax to protect p53‐negative HCC cells from NaPB‐induced apoptosis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Esophageal cancer risk in relation to GGC and CAG trinucleotide repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene
Authors: Dietzsch Erin , Laubscher Ria , Parker M. Iqbal 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe incidence of esophageal squamous cell cancer in African males in South Africa is one of the highest in the world. Because most patients present with advanced disease such that survival is poor, the identification of high‐risk individuals will facilitate early disease detection. Two polymorphic triplet repeats—(CAG)n and (GGC)n—in the androgen receptor gene were evaluated as potential genetic susceptibility loci for esophageal squamous cell cancer. Shorter lengths of these alleles have been reported to be associated with increased risk for prostate cancer. Our study sample comprised African males (29 patients and 109 controls), African females (14 patients and 59 controls) and Colored males (15 patients and 58 controls) whose alleles were analyzed singly and in combination. As in prostate cancer, the short (GGC)n alleles were implicated in esophageal cancer in African males: the average allele length was significantly shorter in patients compared to controls (p = 0.018), and a short (GGC)n allele was associated with elevated risk for disease [(GGC)≤16 odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–6.36; (GGC)≤14 OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.29–8.44]. There was no evidence, however, that short (CAG)n repeat alleles increased susceptibility to the disease. When the 2 alleles were considered jointly, additional information on predisposition was gained, revealing 2 haplotypes conferring a protective effect, i.e., [(CAG)>21 (GGC)≤16] OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11–0.88; [(CAG)≤21 (GGC)>16] OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.65. Analysis using logistic regression led to narrower CIs for the ORs and enabled presentation of a risk profile. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of TNFA on the formation of liver metastases in a syngenic mouse model
Authors: Sturm Jörg W. , Magdeburg Richard , Berger Kristine , Petruch Beate , Samel Stefan , Bönninghoff Roderich , Keese Michael , Hafner Mattias , Post Stefan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe level of TNFα expression is increased after partial hepatectomy, and experimental evidence exists that TNFα plays a key role in liver regeneration. Contradictory results are reported about the influence of TNFα on tumor growth: on the one hand, stimulation of tumor growth in various animal models and, on the other hand, intraperitoneally administered TNFα leads to reduced metastasis formation. TNFα may be one responsible factor for increased metastasis formation after surgical trauma. The objective of our study was to clarify the influence of TNFα on the formation of liver metastases in a syngenic mouse model in vivo. We used a novel marker system, EGFP transfected C26 tumor cells for in vivo observation of metastasis formation by intravital microscopy. We analyzed the effect of intraperitoneal TNFα‐injection on tumor cell adhesion, extravasation and tumor development. The expression of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and E‐Selectin was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Tumor load was assessed by determining EGFP in Western blots. GdCl3 was employed 24 and 48 hr before tumor cell injection to selectively deplete the liver of functioning Kupffer cells. We observed significantly more extravasated tumor cells in the TNFα‐pre‐treated animals at early time points with increased expression of adhesion molecules. Measurement of the EGFP levels showed fewer liver metastases in the TNFα‐pretreated animals at day 8. After GdCl3 pretreatment even lower levels of EGFP, i.e., fewer metastases and also lower expression levels of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and E‐Selectin could be observed. TNFα, acts in a bidirectional manner: whereas TNFα facilitates tumor cell adhesion and extravasation of C26 tumor cells by inducing the expression of adhesion molecules, at later time points, TNFα seems to hinder the formation of liver metastases. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.