bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Witnessing edge modes in trimerized circuit quantum electrodynamic lattice
Authors: Zhao Xuedong , Xing Yan , Cao Ji , Cui Wen-Xue , Liu Shutian , Wang Hong-Fu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose a scheme to investigate and witness edge modes of general one-dimensional photonic trimers in a circuit quantum electrodynamic lattice. These in-gap edge modes are strictly and analytically solved and the criteria for their emergence are indicated respectively. Moreover, the energy spectrum of the system shows two different regimes characterized by a discrepancy in the number of edge modes. Specifically, while there are always a couple of edge modes only present at one single boundary in both the regimes, one of the regimes also shows another pair of edge modes localized on the opposite boundary. Furthermore, these edge modes are witnessed with the aid of continuous-time quantum walks and average photon number measurements. Our scheme provides a comprehensive method for studying the edge modes of matter.
Dynamical evolution of exciton-polariton Bose–Einstein condensate under coupled interaction
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Xiaoning , Ren Yuan , Liu Zhengliang , Wu Hao , Xiong Zhenyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We studied the exciton-polariton Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) under light field manipulation by considering the coupled interaction of the system between exciton-polariton and light. Based on the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE) model and with modified variational method, we analytically derived the solutions of the excitonic system under the polar angle direction perturbation and system rotation. We identified that for different rotational angular velocities and different coupled strengths, the system evolves from a meta-stable oscillation state to monotonically decaying state, with potential for the study of quantum vortex identification for such kind of coupled systems. Our theoretical results can be used to guide the study of the evolution mode of the exciton-polariton system involving coupled interaction.
Progress in efficient doping of Al-rich AlGaN
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Xu Fujun , Zhang Lisheng , Lang Jing , Fang Xuzhou , Zhang Ziyao , Guo Xueqi , Ji Chen , Ji Chengzhi , Tan Fuyun , Yang Xuelin , Kang Xiangning , Qin Zhixin , Tang Ning , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The development of semiconductors is always accompanied by the progress in controllable doping techniques. Taking AlGaN-based ultraviolet (UV) emitters as an example, despite a peak wall-plug efficiency of 15.3% at the wavelength of 275 nm, there is still a huge gap in comparison with GaN-based visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs), mainly attributed to the inefficient doping of AlGaN with increase of the Al composition. First, p-doping of Al-rich AlGaN is a long-standing challenge and the low hole concentration seriously restricts the carrier injection efficiency. Although p-GaN cladding layers are widely adopted as a compromise, the high injection barrier of holes as well as the inevitable loss of light extraction cannot be neglected. While in terms of n-doping the main issue is the degradation of the electrical property when the Al composition exceeds 80%, resulting in a low electrical efficiency in sub-250 nm UV-LEDs. This review summarizes the recent advances and outlines the major challenges in the efficient doping of Al-rich AlGaN, meanwhile the corresponding approaches pursued to overcome the doping issues are discussed in detail.
Research progress of alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides as anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ye Mingyuan , Hao Xiaorui , Zeng Jinfeng , Li Lin , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Chenglin , Liu Li , Shi Fanian , Wu Yuhan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Anode materials are an essential part of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which determine the performance and safety of LIBs. Currently, graphite, as the anode material of commercial LIBs, is limited by its low theoretical capacity of 372 mA·h·g−1, thus hindering further development toward high-capacity and large-scale applications. Alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides are considered a promising candidate to replace graphite because of their low preparation cost, good thermal stability, superior stability, and high electrochemical performance. Nonetheless, many issues and challenges remain to be addressed. Herein, we systematically summarize the research progress of alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides as LIB anodes. Meanwhile, the material and structural properties, synthesis methods, electrochemical reaction mechanisms, and improvement strategies are introduced. Finally, existing challenges and future research directions are discussed to accelerate their practical application in commercial LIBs.
Enhanced thermal emission from metal-free, fully epitaxial structures with epsilon-near-zero InAs layers
Authors: Stašys Karolis , Geižutis Andrejus , Devenson Jan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We introduce a novel method to create mid-infrared (MIR) thermal emitters using fully epitaxial, metal-free structures. Through the strategic use of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) thin films in InAs layers, we achieve a narrow-band, wide-angle, and p-polarized thermal emission spectra. This approach, employing molecular beam epitaxy, circumvents the complexities associated with current layered structures and yields temperature-resistant emission wavelengths. Our findings contribute a promising route towards simpler, more efficient MIR optoelectronic devices.
Controllable thermal rectification design for buildings based on phase change composites
Authors: Ding Hengbin , Li Xiaoshi , Li Tianhang , Zhao Xiaoyong , Tian He 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Phase-change material (PCM) is widely used in thermal management due to their unique thermal behavior. However, related research in thermal rectifier is mainly focused on exploring the principles at the fundamental device level, which results in a gap to real applications. Here, we propose a controllable thermal rectification design towards building applications through the direct adhesion of composite thermal rectification material (TRM) based on PCM and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel to ordinary concrete walls (CWs). The design is evaluated in detail by combining experiments and finite element analysis. It is found that, TRM can regulate the temperature difference on both sides of the TRM/CWs system by thermal rectification. The difference in two directions reaches to 13.8 K at the heat flow of 80 W/m2. In addition, the larger the change of thermal conductivity before and after phase change of TRM is, the more effective it is for regulating temperature difference in two directions. The stated technology has a wide range of applications for the thermal energy control in buildings with specific temperature requirements.
Two-step growth of β-Ga2O3 on c-plane sapphire using MOCVD for solar-blind photodetector
Authors: Ma Peipei , Zheng Jun , Liu Xiangquan , Liu Zhi , Zuo Yuhua , Cheng Buwen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, a two-step metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method was applied for growing β-Ga2O3 film on c-plane sapphire. Optimized buffer layer growth temperature (T
B) was found at 700 °C and the β-Ga2O3 film with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.66° was achieved. A metal−semiconductor−metal (MSM) solar-blind photodetector (PD) was fabricated based on the β-Ga2O3 film. Ultrahigh responsivity of 1422 A/W @ 254 nm and photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of 106 at 10 V bias were obtained. The detectivity of 2.5 × 1015 Jones proved that the photodetector has outstanding performance in detecting weak signals. Moreover, the photodetector exhibited superior wavelength selectivity with rejection ratio (R
250 nm/R
400 nm) of 105. These results indicate that the two-step method is a promising approach for preparation of high-quality β-Ga2O3 films for high-performance solar-blind photodetectors.
Cryogenic RPWELL: a novel charge-readout element for dual-phase argon TPCs
Authors: Tesi A. , Leardini S. , Moleri L. , Morales M. , Gonzalez-Diaz D. , Jash A. , Breskin A. , Bressler S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first operation of a cryogenic Resistive Plate WELL
(RPWELL) detector in the saturated vapor of liquid argon is
reported. The RPWELL detector was composed of a Thick Gas Electron
Multiplier (THGEM) electrode coupled to a metallic anode via
Fe2O3/YSZ ceramics (Fe2O3 in weight equal to 75%),
with tunable bulk resistivity in the range
109–1012 Ω·cm. The detector was operated at
liquid argon temperature in saturated argon vapor (90 K, 1.2 bar)
and characterized in terms of its effective charge gain and
stability against discharges. Maximum stable gain of G≈17
was obtained, without discharges. In addition, preliminary results
from novel 3D-printed thermoplastic plates doped with carbon
nanotubes are presented.
Electromechanical enhancement of live jellyfish for ocean exploration
Authors: Anuszczyk Simon R , Dabiri John O 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The vast majority of the ocean’s volume remains unexplored, in part because of limitations on the vertical range and measurement duration of existing robotic platforms. In light of the accelerating rate of climate change impacts on the physics and biogeochemistry of the ocean, the need for new tools that can measure more of the ocean on faster timescales is becoming pressing. Robotic platforms inspired or enabled by aquatic organisms have the potential to augment conventional technologies for ocean exploration. Recent work demonstrated the feasibility of directly stimulating the muscle tissue of live jellyfish via implanted microelectronics. We present a biohybrid robotic jellyfish that leverages this external electrical swimming control, while also using a 3D printed passive mechanical attachment to streamline the jellyfish shape, increase swimming performance, and significantly enhance payload capacity. A six-meter-tall, 13 600 l saltwater facility was constructed to enable testing of the vertical swimming capabilities of the biohybrid robotic jellyfish over distances exceeding 35 body diameters. We found that the combination of external swimming control and the addition of the mechanical forebody resulted in an increase in swimming speeds to 4.5 times natural jellyfish locomotion. Moreover, the biohybrid jellyfish were capable of carrying a payload volume up to 105% of the jellyfish body volume. The added payload decreased the intracycle acceleration of the biohybrid robots relative to natural jellyfish, which could also facilitate more precise measurements by onboard sensors that depend on consistent platform motion. While many robotic exploration tools are limited by cost, energy expenditure, and varying oceanic environmental conditions, this platform is inexpensive, highly efficient, and benefits from the widespread natural habitats of jellyfish. The demonstrated performance of these biohybrid robots suggests an opportunity to expand the set of robotic tools for comprehensive monitoring of the changing ocean.
Quantifying vehicle restriction related PM2.5 reduction using field observations in an isolated urban basin
Authors: Guo Yumin , Tian Pengfei , Li Mengqi , Yu Zeren , Song Xin , Shi Jinsen , Chang Yi , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Vehicle (related particulate matter) emissions, including primary vehicle (related particulate matter) emissions, secondary nitrate, and road dust, have become an important source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in many cities across the world. The relationship between vehicle emissions and PM2.5 during vehicle restrictions has not yet been revealed using field observational data. To address this issue, a three-month field campaign on physical and chemical characteristics of PM2.5 at hourly resolution was conducted in Lanzhou, an urban basin with a semi-arid climate. The Lanzhou municipal government implemented more strict vehicle restriction measure during the latter part of field campaign period. The concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO
x
) and PM2.5 decreased by 15.6% and 10.6%, respectively during the strict vehicle restriction period. The daily traffic fluxes decreased by 11.8% due to the vehicle restriction measure. The vehicle emission reduction led to a decrease of 2.43 μg·m−3 in PM2.5, including the decrease of primary vehicle emissions, secondary nitrate, and road dust. The contribution of vehicle emissions to PM2.5 decreased by 9.0% based on the results derived from a positive matrix factorization model. The sources other than vehicle emissions increased by 0.2 μg·m−3. Combining all evidence from the observations, the reduction of vehicle emissions is almost equal to the observed reduction in PM2.5. A further extrapolation that 9.0% reduction in vehicle emissions led to the observed reduction in PM2.5 (2.32 μg·m−3). This study clearly quantifies the vehicle restriction related PM2.5 reduction using field observations. The results provide scientific support for the implementation of effective vehicle emission reduction measures.
Local-scale heterogeneity of soil thermal dynamics and controlling factors in a discontinuous permafrost region
Authors: Wang Chen , Shirley Ian , Wielandt Stijn , Lamb John , Uhlemann Sebastian , Breen Amy , Busey Robert C , Bolton W Robert , Hubbard Susan , Dafflon Baptiste 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In permafrost regions, the strong spatial and temporal variability in soil temperature cannot be explained by the weather forcing only. Understanding the local heterogeneity of soil thermal dynamics and their controls is essential to understand how permafrost systems respond to climate change and to develop process-based models or remote sensing products for predicting soil temperature. In this study, we analyzed soil temperature dynamics and their controls in a discontinuous permafrost region on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. We acquired one-year temperature time series at multiple depths (at 5 or 10 cm intervals up to 85 cm depth) at 45 discrete locations across a 2.3 km2 watershed. We observed a larger spatial variability in winter temperatures than that in summer temperatures at all depths, with the former controlling most of the spatial variability in mean annual temperatures. We also observed a strong correlation between mean annual ground temperature at a depth of 85 cm and mean annual or winter season ground surface temperature across the 45 locations. We demonstrate that soils classified as cold, intermediate, or warm using hierarchical clustering of full-year temperature data closely match their co-located vegetation (graminoid tundra, dwarf shrub tundra, and tall shrub tundra, respectively). We show that the spatial heterogeneity in soil temperature is primarily driven by spatial heterogeneity in snow cover, which induces variable winter insulation and soil thermal diffusivity. These effects further extend to the subsequent summer by causing variable latent heat exchanges. Finally, we discuss the challenges of predicting soil temperatures from snow depth and vegetation height alone by considering the complexity observed in the field data and reproduced in a model sensitivity analysis.
Vacuum energy of scalar fields on spherical shells with general matching conditions
Authors: Fucci Guglielmo , Romaniega César 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work we analyze the spectral zeta function for massless scalar fields propagating in a D-dimensional flat space under the influence of a shell potential. The static nature of the potential, and the spherical symmetry, allows us to focus on the spatial part of the field which satisfies a one-dimensional Schrodinger equation endowed with a point potential. The shell potential is defined in terms of the two-interval self-adjoint extensions of the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation that describes the radial part of the scalar field. After performing the necessary analytic continuation, we utilize the spectral zeta function of the system to compute the vacuum energy of the field.
Non-commutative gauge symmetry from strong homotopy algebras
Authors: Kupriyanov Vladislav , Oliveira Fernando , Sharapov Alexey , Vassilevich Dmitri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We explicitly construct an L

∞

algebra that defines U

⋆

(
1
)

gauge transformations on a space with an arbitrary noncommutative and even nonassociative star product. Matter fields are naturally incorporated in this scheme as L

∞

modules. Some possibilities for including P

∞

algebras are also discussed.
Estimation of river discharge using Monte Carlo simulations and a 1D hydraulic model based on the artificial multi-segmented rating curves at the confluence of two rivers
Authors: Kang Hansol , Kim Yeonsu , An Hyunuk , Byun Jisun , Noh Joonwoo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
During extreme floods caused by climate change, reliable flow discharge data are essential for successful reservoir operation to mitigate downstream flood damage. Generally, the flow discharge is computed using the rating curve (RC) established from the relationship between the flow rate and water stage level. Determining the parameters of rating curves is subject to uncertainties related to the difficulties and limitations of flow monitoring in covering a wide range of flow variations. Especially at river confluences, the uncertainties are pronounced when floods occur owing to several factors such as roughness change, backwaters, and levee overflow. The Seomjin River Basin in Korea suffered from flood inundation that occurred at the tributary confluence during an extreme flood in 2020. To identify a reliable flow rate of the main stream and tributary, this study proposes an indirect flow assessment scheme using a 1D hydrodynamic simulation model to find the best simulated water level in an iterative manner based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. With a large amount of discharge data generated from random-number combinations, it is possible to obtain the best results automatically by specifying the reliability limitation considering the uncertainty of the predetermined RC parameters associated with the roughness coefficient. Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) was incorporated to evaluate the reproduced water level to meet the threshold specified for NSE ≥ 0.75. The simulated flowrates computed from the revised RC and roughness coefficients revealed an error range of 8%–36.6% compared with the design flood. The approach proposed in this study is applicable for determining the valid parameters necessary to create a revised RC at an existing water level gauge station, where the uncertainties of the RC are pronounced, particularly in the vicinity of the channel confluence.
Comprehensive analysis on the thermal comfort of various greening forms: a study in hot-humid areas
Authors: Lin Chang , Wu Zhuotong , Li Hui , Huang Jun , Huang Quanle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The potential impact of greening on improving thermal environments is widely recognized. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the influence of different forms of greening, such as various tree crown widths, green facades, green roofs, and their combinations, on both outdoor and indoor environments. In this study, we conducted an extensive investigation within a residential precinct at Guangzhou University by combining on-site measurements and numerical simulations with the ENVI-met model. Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Temperature Humidity Index (THI) were used to assess outdoor thermal comfort. The results indicated that planting trees had a greater impact on improving the outdoor thermal environment than green facades and green roofs, and this effect increased with the crown width of the trees, with a maximum potential reduction of 4.8 °C (0.2 °C) in PET (THI). Green facades can bring a change of up to 101.9 W m−2 in sensible heat flux, resulting in a reduction of up to 1.8 °C in indoor Ta (air temperature). Conversely, green roofs composed of grass exhibit minimal effects in both outdoor and indoor environments. Finally, we provide recommendations for the construction and renovation of projects in residential areas, with a focus on hot-humid areas.
Seeking borophene on Ni3Al(111): an experimental characterization of boron segregation and oxidation
Authors: Grisan Qiu Y Y , Biasin P , Mantegazza P , Baronio S , Heinrich M , Muntwiler M K , Vesselli E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Synthesis of a stable, well ordered honeycomb borophene (hB) phase has been achieved to date by exploiting Al(111) as a growth substrate, which provides the necessary charge doping to compensate the high hexagonal-holes density. However, B/Al(111) is governed by a strong B–Al interaction so to yield the actual formation of an AlB2 hB phase. Dilution of aluminum by alloying could then in principle weaken the boron-support bonding. By means of a combined spectroscopy and microscopy experimental approach, we find instead that the growth of boron layers on the Ni3Al(111) alloy termination is driven by B dissolution into the bulk and surface segregation mechanisms. While no long-range ordered boron-induced phase is observed, locally ordered superstructural units with triangular appearance are stabilized by substrate pinning, following the chemical p(2 × 2) surface order. Oxidation involves both boron and aluminum, inducing surface segregation of B, while nickel remains in its metallic form.
Numerical analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric bionic fishtail based on Hermite element-free method
Authors: Ma Xiao , Zhou Bo , Li Changhe , Zhang Yanbin , Yang Min , Li Benkai , Liu Mingzheng , Cui Xin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric bionic fishtails have good flexibility, response speed, anti-interference ability, and have great application prospects in ocean exploration. However, the inherent drawbacks of the mechanical properties of traditional homogeneous piezoelectric materials significantly affect the propulsion performance and reliability of the piezoelectric bionic fishtails. To fill this gap, this paper develops a functionally graded piezoelectric bionic fishtail (FGPBF) by imitating the tail characteristics of groupers. The geometric structure and working principle of the FGPBF are introduced in detail. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory and Hermite element-free method, an element-free model for the FGPBF is established. The effects of gradient factor, substrate material, substrate thickness and electrical load on the propulsion performance of the FGPBF are addressed. The results show that the current results are in good agreement with the finite element results. The deformation of the FGPBF is negatively correlated with the thickness and stiffness of the substrate and linearly positively correlated with the electrical load. As the gradient factor increases, the deflection of the FGPBF first increases and then decreases. When the gradient factor is 2, the potential is 200 V, the dimensionless aluminum substrate thickness is 1, the propulsion performance of the FGPBF is improved by 28% compared to the homogeneous piezoelectric bionic fishtail.