bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accretion Flow Properties of EXO 1846-031 during Its Multi-peaked Outburst after Long Quiescence
Authors: Nath Sujoy Kumar , Debnath Dipak , Chatterjee Kaushik , Bhowmick Riya , Chang Hsiang-Kuang , Chakrabarti Sandip K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study the recent outburst of the black hole candidate EXO 1846-031, which went into an outburst in 2019 after almost 34 yr in quiescence. We use archival data from the Swift/XRT, MAXI/GSC, NICER/XTI, and NuSTAR/FPM satellites/instruments to study the evolution of the spectral and temporal properties of the source during the outburst. The low-energy (2–10 keV) X-ray flux of the outburst shows multiple peaks, making it a multipeak outburst. Evolving type-C quasi-periodic oscillations are observed in the NICER data in the hard, hard-intermediate, and soft-intermediate states. We use the physical two-component advective flow (TCAF) model to analyze the combined spectra of multiple satellite instruments. According to the TCAF model, the accreting matter is divided into Keplerian and sub-Keplerian parts, and the variation in the observed spectra in different spectral states arises out of the variable contributions of these two types of accreting matter in the total accretion rate. Studying the evolution of the accretion rates and other properties of the accretion flow obtained from the spectral analysis, we show that the multiple peaks in the outburst flux arise out of the variable supply of accreting matter from the pile-up radius. We determine the probable mass of the black hole to be

10.4

−
0.2

+
0.1

M

⊙

from the spectral analysis with the TCAF model. We also estimate the viscous timescale of the source in this outburst to be ∼8 days from the peak difference of the Keplerian and sub-Keplerian mass-accretion rates.
Pair Plasma Cascade in Rotating Black Hole Magnetospheres with a Split Monopole Flux Model
Authors: Sitarz Michael C. , Medvedev Mikhail V. , Ford Alexander L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An electron-positron cascade in the magnetospheres of Kerr black holes (BHs) is a fundamental ingredient to fueling the relativistic γ-ray jets seen at the polar regions of galactic supermassive BHs (SMBHs). This leptonic cascade occurs in the spark gap region of a BH magnetosphere where the unscreened electric field parallel to the magnetic field is present; hence, it is affected by the magnetic field structure. A previous study explored the case of a thin accretion disk, representative of active galactic nuclei. Here we explore the case of a quasi-spherical gas distribution, as is expected to be present around the SMBH Sgr A* in the center of our Milky Way galaxy, for example. The properties and efficiency of the leptonic cascade are studied. The findings of our study and the implications for SMBH systems in various spectral and accretion states are discussed. The relationships and scalings derived from varying the mass of the BH and background photon spectra are further used to analyze the leptonic cascade process to power jets seen in astronomical observations. In particular, one finds the efficiency of the cascade in a quasi-spherical gas distribution peaks at the jet axis. Observationally, this should lead to a more prominent jet core, in contrast to the thin disk accretion case, where it peaks around the jet–disk interface. One also finds the spectrum of the background photons plays a key role. The cascade efficiency is maximum for a spectral index of 2, while harder and softer spectra lead to a less efficient cascade.
Size spectra of the edaphic fauna of typical Argiudol soils of the Rolling Pampa Region, Argentina
Authors: Velazco Víctor , Sandler Rosana , Sanabria Maria Cynthia Valeria , Falco Liliana , Coviella Carlos , Saravia Leonardo 
Published: December 2023

Soil-dwelling organisms populate the spaces—referred to as interstices—between the litter on the soil surface and the pores in the soil's organo-mineral matrix. These organisms have pivotal roles in soil ecosystem functions, such as the breakdown and decomposition of organic matter, the dispersal of bacterial and fungal spores and biological habitat transformation. These functions, in turn, contribute to broader ecosystem services like carbon and nutrient cycling, soil organic matter regulation and both chemical and physical soil fertility.This study provides morphological data pertaining to a range of soil organism sizes, specifically in Argiudol soils subjected to varying levels of agricultural activity in the Rolling Pampas Region, one of the world's most extensive and fertile plains.The primary focus is on soil microarthropods—namely, Acari (mites) and Collembola (springtails)—with a body width of less than 2 mm. These organisms constitute the majority of life in the intricate soil pore network. Additionally, the study documents species of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Crassiclitelata), recognised as ecosystem engineers for their ability to create physical channels in the soil matrix and to distribute organic matter. Moreover, the study includes measurements of morphological traits of soil-dwelling "macrofauna" (organisms with a body width greater than 2 mm), which are also implicated in various soil ecosystem functions. These include population regulation by apex predators, organic matter decomposition, biogenic structure formation, nutrient mobilisation and herbivory.In this paper, we report both the geographical locations and individual measurements of key morphological traits for over 7,000 specimens, covering a range of soil-dwelling organisms. These include springtails (Entognatha, Collembola), mites (Arachnida, Acari), earthworms (Oligochaeta, Crassiclitellata) and additional soil macrofauna. All specimens were collected from typical Argiudol soils located in three distinct agricultural systems characterised by varying levels of land-use intensity. To our knowledge, no other dataset exists providing this information for the Argentinian Pampas.
Les études bibliques pourraient-elles bénéficier des nouveaux concepts des sciences naturelles ? Le cas des théologies de la conservation-restauration
Authors: Mukaminega Jeanine 
Published: December 2023

En ce début du xxi e siècle, les théories et les débats sur les évolutions de l’humain et de ses sociétés sous le dictat du virtuel et du numérique fleurissent. On parle même de projet de posthumanité. Dans le même temps, les études critiques de la Bible s’essoufflent et se figent dans une forme d’intellectualisme alors que le lecteur croyant, quand il n’est pas pris en otage par les gourous, est de plus en plus désorienté par l’écart entre le vécu journalier et les représentations de l’univers spirituel dont il a hérité. Dans cet article, Jeanine Mukaminega part d’une intuition inspirée de deux innovateurs : Spinoza (1632-1677) qui tenta de rendre l’Écriture, matrice des représentations, à la liberté de la pensée, et Penrose (1931-) dont la théorie unifie le monde des sciences naturelles et celui de l’esprit humain. À travers une reprise des théologies bibliques de la conservation-restauration portées par les motifs mythiques du règne divin et des rois de filiation divine, l’auteure introduit les vieux concepts philosophiques de conscience, de mémoire et de structure dans le questionnement herméneutique du bibliste. En trois étapes, elle tente de lire le mythe du règne divin à l’aune de ces concepts revus par la physique, la neurologie et la biologie moléculaire. L’interrogation porte sur les réalités matérielle, structurale et procédurale convoquées par le mythe : l’univers du mythe biblique peut-il être soumis à l’investigation faisant appel aux nouveaux concepts qui redessinent notre perception de l’univers ?
Examining Workplace Practices Used to Facilitate Successful Integration of Internationally Educated Nurses Into Acute Care Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Njie-Mokonya Ndolo , Montoya Lorraine , Abebe Natania , Shorr Risa 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Although the recruitment of internationally educated nurses (IENs) seems to be an effective strategy to sustain a diversified nursing workforce, challenges with transition to practice continue to be documented in the literature. Prelicensure bridging programs purport to facilitate practice readiness; however, IENs who complete these programs also experience difficulties. Little is known about tailored workplace-based bridging programs. This scoping review maps out our current understanding of IEN integration and education strategies implemented within acute care settings and identifies areas for further research.

Method:

Arksey and O'Malley's (
2005
) five-step scoping review was used to explore current literature and highlight gaps based on the needs of IENs during transition into acute care.

Results:
Two themes were identified: the need for tailored clinical practice bridging programs within acute care settings and the impact of corporate involvement and social structures on IEN integration.

Conclusion:

Inconsistencies in IEN integration practices point to the significance of implementing tailored, workplace-based bridging programs to ensure safe and full scope of practice.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2024;55(4):195–201.]
Evidence-Based Education on Care of LGBTQ Patients: Improving Knowledge and Attitudes Among Pediatric Nurses
Authors: Maihle Christine , Anderson Avery M. , von Sadovszky Victoria 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Due to stigma and mistreatment, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) patients and their families often face barriers to accessing and receiving equitable health care. Pediatric settings are not immune to this health inequity, yet there is limited literature to address it with pediatric nurses.

Method:
An evidence-based education program on the care of LGBTQ patients was delivered electronically to pediatric nurses. Using a pre- and posttest design, knowledge and attitudes regarding care of LGBTQ patients were collected via online questionnaires.

Results:

Knowledge significantly increased from pre- to posttest (
p
= .02). Attitudes related to LGBTQ concepts either remained consistently positive or shifted in the positive direction.

Conclusion:

Providing education regarding LGBTQ patients to pediatric nurses can improve related knowledge and attitudes. Expansion of evidence-based LGBTQ education to pediatric nurses is likely to contribute to lessening the health care barriers and inequities faced by these patients and their families.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2024;55(4):181–186.]
Using a Behavioral Health Integration Model in a Family Nurse Practitioner Residency
Authors: Wynn Stephanie T. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Primary care serves as an entry point for many patients to access health care services, especially those who reside in medically underserved areas. Because an initiative exists for family nurse practitioners (FNPs) to fill primary care gaps in medically underserved areas, they must be included in educational strategies to provide quality behavioral health care within their scope of practice.

Method:
An academic-practice partnership was used to provide FNP residents the opportunity to learn to work within their scope of practice in a behavioral health integration model.

Results:
The residents noted satisfaction with the learning environment, supervisory relationship, and role of the faculty.

Conclusion:

Innovative continuing education activities are needed to prepare novice FNPs to safely practice and enter into a health care workforce pipeline focused on reducing disparities in medically underserved areas.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2024;55(4):203–208.]
A Modular Approach to Interprofessional Concussion Education and Assessment for Athletic Training and Nursing Students
Authors: Parke Elizabeth A. , Obermeyer Sarah , Rogers Sean M. 
Published: December 2023

ContextDue to the complexity of concussion evaluation and management and the growing demand for interprofessional collaborative practice in health care, the need for interprofessional education (IPE) among professional health care programs has become increasingly important.ObjectiveThis IPE technique provides athletic training and nursing students with an opportunity to apply knowledge of professional roles and uses collective clinical reasoning to navigate a multifaceted case scenario with a patient who sustained a concussion.BackgroundWith the emphasis of IPE in professional health care programs, both athletic training and nursing programs accrediting bodies have adopted standards that require the implementation of IPE within the curriculum.Description of TechniquesThis IPE event uses a modular and scaffolding teaching approach to gradually introduce new developments into the patient case in a sequential manner to increase fidelity.Advantage(s)By using this approach, students will have the opportunity to meet the objectives for each module before moving on to the next. Additionally, students will develop professional relationships over time within the collaboration of professional groups.Conclusion(s)Use of this IPE technique affords athletic training and nursing students the opportunity to develop the professional skills required to engage in interprofessional collaborative practice and improve patient outcomes.
Athletic Trainers’ Experiences Developing and Maintaining Contemporary Expertise
Authors: Strout Kemper Nicole R. , Cavallario Julie M. , Walker Stacy E. , Welch Bacon Cailee E. 
Published: December 2023

Context
The Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) implemented new accreditation standards for professional education in 2020, requiring educators and preceptors affiliated with CAATE-accredited professional programs to identify an area of contemporary expertise. Although this requirement is imperative to ensure that educators and preceptors are exposing students to the breadth and depth of content areas in athletic training practice, little is known about how an area of contemporary expertise is developed and maintained.

Objective
To explore educators’ and preceptors’ experiences with developing and maintaining an area of contemporary expertise.

Design
Cross-sectional.

Setting
Web-based survey.

Participants
Of 449 athletic trainers (ATs), 347 (183 educators and 164 preceptors) indicated an identified area of contemporary expertise, completed the survey, and were included in the data analysis.

Data Collection and Analysis
A 16-item survey (10 demographic items, 1 Likert-scale item, and 5 open-ended questions) was used. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize participant demographics and familiarity with contemporary expertise. Data analysis of open-ended responses was guided by a 4-phase, consensual qualitative research process using a 3-person team. An external auditor confirmed data representation and accuracy.

Results
Familiarity with contemporary expertise and its impact on practice was shared, and participants identified various activities and resources accessible for ATs. However, challenges associated with developing and maintaining expertise and conflicts with current certification expectations were also identified.

Conclusions
Program administrators and employers should consider how they can best support the endeavors of educators and preceptors for developing and maintaining areas of contemporary expertise. Program administrators should evaluate programmatic approaches to assist preceptors with maintaining contemporary expertise. Additionally, as educators and preceptors become more familiar with contemporary expertise, the Board of Certification and the CAATE should provide guidance regarding the intent of continuing education, how it relates to contemporary expertise, and how stakeholders can achieve the objectives set forth by regulatory groups.
Nutritional Status, Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries, and its Association among Preschool Children in Northeast India
Authors: Kshetrimayum Nandita , Siluvai Sibyl , Chaudhuri Prabhat Kumar , Longkumar Talisunup , Bennadi Darshana , Lazar Victor Rakesh 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common public health problem in developing countries. Children with severe decay can also have altered eating habits and preferences. Therefore, ECC can influence nutritional health.

Aim:
The aim is to find the prevalence of ECC and nutritional status and to evaluate its association among preschool children in Northeast India.

Study Design and Data Collection Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 preschool children aged 2–6 years. The sampling unit comprised the children attending the pediatric dentistry department of one dental college. Information regarding sociodemographic factors, child feeding habits, and child oral hygiene practices was obtained from the parents using a pretested questionnaire. Weight and height were evaluated to assess the nutritional status. The decay, missing, filled teeth index for primary teeth was used to determine the dental caries status.

Results:
The mean value of carious teeth for 384 children aged 2–6 years was 5.6 ± 2.43. Most kids who had caries (74.7%) belonged to the moderate category (dmft >7), followed by the low sort, which was 16.7%, and then by those in the higher class (8.6%). The body mass index (BMI) for age revealed that 5.2% were overweight, 15.1% were thin, and 8.3% were obese. Most of those with high caries (i.e., dmft >7) were underweight or in the normal weight category. Pearson correlation showed no significant correlation between ECC with BMI-for-age (r = 0.04, P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of dental caries among children below the age of 5 years in Imphal was high. The risk factors for ECC included age, low maternal education, improper feeding, and oral hygiene habits. However, the results revealed no significant relationship between ECC and BMI.
Comparative Evaluation of Plasma Fibrinogen Degradation Product and Salivary Fibrin Precipitating Factor in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients and Betel Quid Chewers
Authors: Megha B. , Anekar Jayaprasad , Raj AC , Deepika N. , Kumar Krishna Santhosh 
Published: December 2023

Aim and Objectives:
Estimation and correlation of plasma fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and salivary fibrin precipitating factor (FPF) in oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients, betel quid chewers without OSMF and healthy individuals. The study aims to evaluate whether FDP and FPF can be used as a marker for development and progression of OSMF and whether there is any correlation between the two.

Methodology:
The study included 163 subjects grouped into three categories, Group 1, which included 54 control patients, Group 2, which included 55 betel quid chewers, and Group 3, which included 54 clinically confirmed OSMF patients. All of them were subjected to the estimation of plasma FDP and salivary FPF.

Results:
FDP was present in 52 (96.3%) patients in Group 3, 2 (3.6%) patients in Group 2, and 1 patient in Group 1 (1.9%). FPF was positive in eight patients. The correlation of FDP and FPF was done by Fisher's exact test and was found to be statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusion:
In the present study, FDP was positive in 52 (96.3%) OSMF patients; hence, FDP may be used as an early indicator of OSMF. FDP was found to be positive in two patients with a habit of chewing betel quid without OSMF. It may be hypothesized that these patients are more likely to develop OSMF. Hence, the estimation of FDP may be used as a diagnostic test to predict an impending OSMF before it could manifest itself clinically. FPF was negative in some OSMF patients, may be because it is below the detectable range.
Evaluation of Surface Properties of Two Remineralizing Agents after Modification by Chitosan Nano Particles: An In vitro Study
Authors: Wahied Dina Mohamed , Ezzeldin Naglaa , Abdelnabi Ali , Othman Maha Sherif , El Rahman Mai Hesham Abd 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Calcium phosphate-based systems have been introduced as promising bio-mimetic materials due to their close resemblance to the enamel. Chitosan and its derivatives have been an emerging biomaterial due to their additional antibacterial effect and promising re-mineralizing ability.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles on the remineralization of the demineralized enamel surface after being added to nano-hydroxyapatite and nano-calcium phosphate materials.

Setting and Design:
This was in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty specimens of extracted permanent molars were collected, and then immersed in demineralizing solution, then distributed into four groups according to the remineralizing material. Group 1: Treated with Nano-beta-tricalcium phosphate (Nβ-TCP) gel, Group 2: Treated with Nβ-TCP with chitosan gel, Group 3: Treated with Nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) gel, and Group 4: Treated with NHA with chitosan gel. The surface hardness of the teeth was measured at baseline, after demineralization, and after remineralization. The structural changes in each group were analyzed using the scanning electron microscopy.

Statistical Analysis:
Shapiro–Wilk's test, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post
hoc test was used.

Results:
In all groups, there was a significant difference in mean Vickers hardness number (VHN) at different intervals, with the highest value found after treatment (301.64–395.65) VHN, followed by the baseline (236.97–276.15) VHN, while the lowest value was detected after demineralization (121.23–124.39) VHN. It was also indicated that baseline treatment, the Hardness percentage change (%) of the nano NHA + Chitosan group showed the highest significant value (55.10%), while the Nβ-TCP group exhibited the lowest significant value (9.56%).

Conclusions:
It can be concluded that NHA and NΒ-TCP modified by chitosan NPs as remineralizing agents of enamel surface hold promising results.
Central retinal vessel trunk exit location: An important factor while evaluating the neuroretinal rim
Authors: Gandhi Monica , Rajsrinivas Divya , Jain Mugdha , Sabharwal Shailendra , Majumdar Atanu , Dubey Suneeta 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Optic nerve head (ONH) evaluation plays a key role in differentiating normal from glaucomatous disk. Thinning of the inferior neuroretinal rim (NRR) has been noted in early glaucoma. However, NRR thickness in different quadrants appears to depend on various factors including central retinal vessel trunk exit (CRVT) position. We evaluated ocular parameters that determined the NRR thickness in the different quadrants of normal eyes.

Methods:
Retrospective review of demographic and ocular data from 773 eyes of 388 subjects with normal ONH over one year was undertaken.

Results:
Nearly 54% were males, and the mean age was 43.2 years. The CRVT exit was central in 50% (773). The common site for noncentral CRVT was superotemporal (ST) [37%, 141/384] followed by inferotemporal (IT) [35%, 135/384]. With noncentral CRVT, the probability that the inferior, superior, nasal and temporal (ISNT) rule was not followed was 1.42 times (P < 0.001). The thinnest rim quadrant (TRQ) was mostly ST (69%) irrespective of CRVT location. The TRQ was IT in 40% when CRVT was noncentral and 82% with IT CRVT exit. With noncentral CRVT, round disks favored noncompliance [132 (54.1%), odds ratio (OR) 2.56] with the ISNT rule. The OR of noncompliance with the ISNT rule increases 1.89 times with inferonasal CRVT and 1.22 times with a unit increase in the axial length.

Conclusion:
TRQ was IT in IT CRVT, and noncompliance with the ISNT rule was observed with large disks, longer axial length, and noncentral CRVT. This implies that despite the ISNT rule being violated these eyes do not have optic nerve pathology and should not be subjected to unnecessary diagnostic tests.