bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imparting Chemiresistor with Humidity‐Independent Sensitivity toward Trace‐Level Formaldehyde via Substitutional Doping Platinum Single Atom
Authors: Wang Ningyi , Liu Zihe , Zhou Yun , Zhao Liupeng , Kou Xueying , Wang Tianshuang , Wang Yanchao , Sun Peng , Lu Geyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe modification of metal oxides with noble metals is one of the most effective means of improving gas‐sensing performance of chemiresistors, but it is often accompanied by unintended side effects such as sensor resistance increases up to unmeasurable levels. Herein, a carbonization–oxidation method is demonstrated using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique to realize platinum (Pt) single atom (SA) substitutional doping into SnO2 (named PtSA‐SnO2). The substitutional doping strategy can obviously enhance gas‐sensing properties, and meanwhile decrease sensor resistance by two orders of magnitude (decreased from ≈850 to ≈2 MΩ), which are attributed to the tuning of band gap and fermi‐level position, efficient single atom catalysis, and the raising of adsorption capability of formaldehyde, as validated by the state‐of‐the‐art characterizations, such as spherical aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs‐corrected STEM), in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformed spectra (in situ DRIFT), CO temperature‐programmed reduction (CO‐TPR), and theoretical calculations. As a proof of concept, the developed PtSA‐SnO2 sensor shows humidity‐independent (30–70% relative humidity) gas‐sensing performance in the selective detection of formaldehyde with high response, distinguishable selectivity (8< Sformaldehyde/Sinterferant <14), and ultra‐low detection limit (10 ppb). This work presents a generalized and facile method to design high‐performance metal oxides for chemical sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Multifunctional Sandwich‐Structured Super‐Hygroscopic Zinc‐Based MOF‐Overlayed Cooling Wearables for Special Personal Thermal Management
Authors: Li Wulong , Zhang Yaoxin , Guo Shuai , Yu Zhen , Kang Jialiang , Li Zhanxiong , Wei Lei , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPersonal protective equipment pays attention exclusively to external safety protection and ignores the internal thermoregulation of physiological state in association with sweating. Herein, a super‐hygroscopic calcium‐doped poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) and superhydrophobic metal‐organic‐framework‐overlayed wearables (Ca‐PSS/MOF) integrated cooling wearable is proposed for special personal thermal management (PTM). Compared to the pristine fabric, the superhydrophobic MOF wearables exhibit anti‐fouling and antibacterial capabilities, and the antibacterial efficiency is up to 99.99% and 98.99% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. More importantly, Ca‐PSS/MOF demonstrate significant heat index changes up to 25.5 °C by reducing relative humidity dramatically from 91.0% to 60.0% and temperature from 36.5 to 31.6 °C during the running test. The practical feasibility of the Ca‐PSS/MOF cooling wearables is well proved with the protective suit of the fireman. Owing to these multifunctional merits, the sandwich‐structured cooling Ca‐PSS/MOF are expected to provide new insights for designing the next‐generation multifunctional apparel for PTM.
Stability Strategies and Applications of Iodide Perovskites
Authors: Lei Yuchen , Zhang Yaofang , Huo Jiale , Ding Fei , Yan Yu , Shen Yan , Li Xiang , Kang Weimin , Yan Zirui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIodide perovskites have demonstrated their unprecedented high efficiency and commercialization potential, and their superior optoelectronic properties, such as high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, and narrow direct bandgap, have attracted much attention, especially in solar cells, photodetectors, and light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, whether it is organic iodide perovskite, organic–inorganic hybrid iodide perovskite or all‐inorganic iodide perovskite the stability of these iodide perovskites is still poor and the contamination is high. In recent years, scholars have studied more iodide perovskites to improve their stability as well as optoelectronic properties from various angles. This paper systematically reviews the strategies (component engineering, additive engineering, dimensionality reduction engineering, and phase mixing engineering) used to improve the stability of iodide perovskites and their applications in recent years.
pH‐Modulated 1D Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of a Brush‐Like Poly‐Para‐Phenylene Homopolymer
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Liu Bohao , Xu Fugui , Ning Lijian , Zhou Qian , Zhang Qichun , Mai Yiyong , Gong Qiuyu , Huang Yinjuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe controllable self‐assembly of conjugated homopolymers, especially homopolymers without other segments (a prerequisite for phase separation), which can afford chances to achieve tunable optical/electronic properties, remains a great challenge due to their poor solubility and has remained rarely documented. Herein, a conjugated homopolymer (DPPP‐COOH) is synthesized, which has a unique brush‐like structure with a conjugated dendritic poly‐para‐phenylene (DPPP) backbone and alkyl‐carboxyl side chains at both edges of the backbone. The introduction of carboxyl makes the brush‐like homopolymer exhibit pH‐modulated 1D hierarchical self‐assembly behavior in dilute solution, and allows for flexible morphological regulation of the assemblies, forming some uncommon superstructures including ultralong nanowires (at pH 7), superhelices (at pH 10) and “single‐wall” nanotubes (at pH 13), respectively. Furthermore, the good aqueous dispersibility and 1D feature endow the superstructures formed in a high‐concentration neutral solution with high broad‐spectrum antibacterial performance superior to that of many conventional 1D materials.
Supporting newcomer children's cultural transitions with contemporary Canadian picture books
Authors: Li Sunny C. , Adams Brittany 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article examines major themes in 24 contemporary Canadian picture books to identify their potential to support children who are newcomers to Canada. Transition to a new country can be challenging for children and picture books are an effective tool for supporting their cultural and often linguistic transition. Through multimodal content analysis, the authors identify major themes that emerge from the visual and textual data in the books. Analysis identified prevailing themes related to family, food, multiculturalism, and geographic information. Each theme offers valuable insights into the diverse perspectives represented in the texts, providing a foundation for meaningful pedagogical applications for immigrant and newcomer children.
Intersectional lens to the study of racism in TESOL leadership: A narrative inquiry of a Nonnative English‐speaking leader (NNESL) exposing epistemological and institutional racism
Authors: Raza Kashif , Eslami Zohreh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRacism in TESOL and other academic fields is nothing new, nor are discussions on the topic. However, a majority of the racist encounters discussed in existing literature report on the negative experiences of language teachers and/or students. An area that has historically been ignored and is long due exploration is the negative experiences of nonnative English‐speaking leaders (NNESLs), especially when they lead and/or interact with colleagues among whom ideologies of Whiteness and native English speakerism are dominant. With an aim to fill this gap, this article provides a narrative inquiry of an NNESL's experiences of facing epistemological and institutional racism as she leads a division within an International Branch Campus (IBC) of a U.S. university in an English as an international language (EIL) context in the Middle East. As the NNESL attempts to introduce necessary innovations and policy changes, her capacity as a change maker is questioned, partly due to her nationality, nonnativeness, race, and gender. This article is an attempt to uncover the racial discrimination experienced by NNESLs by providing examples of epistemological and institutional racism embedded in racist discourses and practices, and how it, directly or indirectly, plays a significant role in power relations, institutional structures, and identities, and has implications for the field of TESOL leadership.
Superradiant leptogenesis
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Perez-Gonzalez Yuber F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate how superradiance affects the generation of baryon asymmetry in a universe with rotating primordial black holes, considering a scenario where a scalar boson is coupled to the heavy right-handed neutrinos. We identify the regions of the parameter space where the scalar production is enhanced due to superradiance. This enhancement, coupled with the subsequent decay of the scalar into right handed neutrinos, results in the non-thermal creation of lepton asymmetry. We show that successful leptogenesis is achieved for masses of primordial black holes in the range of order O(0.1 g) − O(10 g) and the lightest of the heavy neutrino masses, MN ~ O(1012) GeV. Consequently, regions of the parameter space, which in the case of Schwarzchild PBHs were incompatible with viable leptogenesis, can produce the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry.
From QFT to Boltzmann: freeze-in in the presence of oscillating condensates
Authors: Ai Wen-Yuan , Beniwal Ankit , Maggi Angelo , Marsh David J. E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Scalar dark matter (DM), and axions in particular, have an irreducible abundance of particles produced by freeze-in due to portal interactions with the Standard Model plasma in the early Universe. In addition, vacuum misalignment and other mechanisms can lead to the presence of a cold, oscillating condensate. Therefore, generically, the evolution of the DM in both forms, condensate and particles, needs to be studied simultaneously. In non-equilibrium quantum field theory, the condensate and particles are described by one- and two-point functions, respectively. The fundamental coupled equations of motion (EoMs) of these objects are non-local. To simplify the EoMs and bring them into a familiar form for relic abundance calculations, we perform a Markovianization process for a quasi-harmonically oscillating homogeneous condensate, leading to local EoMs for the particle distribution function and the envelope function of condensate oscillation. This reduces the dynamics to a pair of coupled Boltzmann equations, and we derive explicitly the form of the collision operators for all particle and condensate interactions.
Island formula from Wald-like entropy with backreaction
Authors: Hirano Shinji 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose a Lorentzian derivation of the generalized entropy associated with the island formula for black holes as a Wald-like entropy without reference to the exterior non-gravitating region or field-theoretic von Neumann entropy of Hawking radiation in a fixed curved spacetime background. We illustrate this idea by studying two-dimensional black holes in the Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity and the Russo-Susskind-Thorlacius model in which Hawking radiation is represented by conformal scalars. With some prescriptions assumed, we show that the generalized entropy for the island formula can be reproduced as the Wald-like entropy of the two-dimensional dilaton-gravity theories upon the inclusion of the backreaction from Hawking radiation described by conformal anomaly. We give a discussion on how a similar idea can be applied to higher-dimensional black holes. It is emphasized that the generalized entropy is obtained in a fully gravitational fashion, yet it yields the same Page curve as that of the half-gravitational set-up. We argue that the results in this paper exacerbate the issues raised in the work of massive islands and inconsistency of islands in theories of long-range gravity.
Cobordism and bubbles of anything in the string landscape
Authors: Friedrich Bjoern , Hebecker Arthur , Walcher Johannes 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study bubble of nothing decays and their reverse processes, the creation of vacua through ‘bubbles of something’, in models of the Universe based on string theory. From the four-dimensional perspective, the corresponding gravitational instantons contain an end-of-the-world (ETW) boundary or brane, realized by the internal manifold shrinking to zero size. The existence of such ETW branes is predicted by the Cobordism Conjecture. We develop the 4d EFT description of such boundaries at three levels: first, by generalizing the Witten bubble through an additional defect. Second, by replacing the compact S1 with a Calabi-Yau orientifold and allowing it to shrink and disappear through a postulated defect. Third, we describe an ETW brane construction for type IIB Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications with O3/O7 planes through an appropriate additional O5 orientifolding. Our 4d EFT formalism allows us to compute the decay/creation rates for bubbles of anything depending on two parameters: the size of the relevant defect and its tension a.k.a. the induced (generalized) deficit angle.
Sub-GeV dark matter search at ILC beam dumps
Authors: Asai Kento , Iwamoto Sho , Perelstein Maxim , Sakaki Yasuhito , Ueda Daiki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Light dark matter particles may be produced in electron and positron beam dumps of the International Linear Collider (ILC). We propose an experimental setup to search for such events, the Beam-Dump eXperiment at the ILC (ILC-BDX). The setup consists of a muon shield placed behind the beam dump, followed by a multi-layer tracker and an electromagnetic calorimeter. The calorimeter can detect electron recoils due to elastic scattering of dark matter particles produced in the dump, while the tracker is sensitive to decays of excited dark-sector states into the dark matter particle. We study the production, decay and scattering of sub-GeV dark matter particles in this setup in several models with a dark photon mediator. Taking into account beam-related backgrounds due to neutrinos produced in the beam dump as well as the cosmic-ray background, we evaluate the sensitivity reach of the ILC-BDX experiment. We find that the ILC-BDX will be able to probe interesting regions of the model parameter space and, in many cases, reach well below the relic target.
Heron’s Formula in Higher Dimensions
Authors: Havel Timothy F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper shows how geometric algebra can be used to derive a novel generalization of Heron’s classical formula for the area of a triangle in the plane to higher dimensions. It begins by illustrating some of the many ways in which the conformal model of three-dimensional Euclidean space yields provocative insights into some of our most basic intuitive notions of solid geometry. It then uses this conceptual framework to elucidate the geometric meaning of Heron’s formula in the plane, and explains in detail how it extends naturally to the volumes of tetrahedra in space. The paper closes by outlining a proof of a previously conjectured extension of the formula to the hyper-volumes of simplices in all dimensions.
Vector spaces with a union of independent subspaces
Authors: Berarducci Alessandro , Mamino Marcello , Mennuni Rosario 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study the theory of K-vector spaces with a predicate for the union X of an infinite family of independent subspaces. We show that if K is infinite then the theory is complete and admits quantifier elimination in the language of K-vector spaces with predicates for the n-fold sums of X with itself. If K is finite this is no longer true, but we still have that a natural completion is near-model-complete.
Static bending analysis of a transversely cracked strip tapered footing on a two-parameter soil using a new beam finite element
Authors: Imamović Denis , Skrinar Matjaž 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a new beam Euler–Bernoulli finite element for the transverse static bending analysis of cracked slender strip tapered footings on an elastic two-parameter soil is presented. Standard Hermitian cubic interpolation functions are selected to derive the closed-form expressions of complete stiffness matrix and the load vector. The efficiency of the proposed finite element is verified on an example with several width tapering variations of a simple cracked footing with the results of governing differential equation. Another novelty of this study is improved bending moment functions with included discontinuity conditions at the crack location. These functions now accurately describe the bending moments in the vicinity of the crack of the finite element.
$$\ell ^1$$-summability and Fourier series of B-splines with respect to their knots
Authors: Buhmann Martin , Jäger Janin , Xu Yuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study the $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

-summability of functions in the d-dimensional torus $${{\mathbb {T}}}^d$$

T

d

and so-called $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

-invariant functions. Those are functions on the torus whose Fourier coefficients depend only on the $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

-norm of their indices. Such functions are characterized as divided differences that have $$\cos {\theta }_1,\ldots ,\cos {\theta }_d$$

cos

θ
1

,
…
,
cos

θ
d

as knots for $$({\theta }_1\,\ldots , {\theta }_d) \in {{\mathbb {T}}}^d$$

(

θ
1

…
,

θ
d

)

∈

T

d

. It leads us to consider the d-dimensional Fourier series of univariate B-splines with respect to its knots, which turns out to enjoy a simple bi-orthogonality that can be used to obtain an orthogonal series of the B-spline function.
Accuracy of automated segmentation and volumetry of acute intracerebral hemorrhage following minimally invasive surgery using a patch-based convolutional neural network in a small dataset
Authors: Elsheikh Samer , Elbaz Ahmed , Rau Alexander , Demerath Theo , Fung Christian , Kellner Elias , Urbach Horst , Reisert Marco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In cases of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume estimation is of prognostic and therapeutic value following minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The ABC/2 method is widely used, but suffers from inaccuracies and is time consuming. Supervised machine learning using convolutional neural networks (CNN), trained on large datasets, is suitable for segmentation tasks in medical imaging. Our objective was to develop a CNN based machine learning model for the segmentation of ICH and of the drain and volumetry of ICH following MIS of acute supratentorial ICH on a relatively small dataset.

Methods
Ninety two scans were assigned to training (n = 29 scans), validation (n = 4 scans) and testing (n = 59 scans) datasets. The mean age (SD) was 70 (± 13.56) years. Male patients were 36. A hierarchical, patch-based CNN for segmentation of ICH and drain was trained. Volume of ICH was calculated from the segmentation mask.

Results
The best performing model achieved a Dice similarity coefficient of 0.86 and 0.91 for the ICH and drain respectively. Automated ICH volumetry yielded high agreement with ground truth (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.97]). Average difference in the ICH volume was 1.33 mL.

Conclusion
Using a relatively small dataset, originating from different CT-scanners and with heterogeneous voxel dimensions, we applied a patch-based CNN framework and successfully developed a machine learning model, which accurately segments the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the drains. This provides automated and accurate volumetry of the bleeding in acute ICH treated with minimally invasive surgery.
Green Waste Compost Impacts Microbial Functions Related to Carbohydrate Use and Active Dispersal in Plant Pathogen-Infested Soil
Authors: LeBlanc Nicholas R. , Harrigian Fiona C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe effects of compost on physical and chemical characteristics of soil are well-studied but impacts on soil microbiomes are poorly understood. This research tested effects of green waste compost on bacterial communities in soil infested with the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Compost was added to pathogen-infested soil and maintained in mesocosms in a greenhouse experiment and replicated growth chamber experiments. Bacteria and F. oxysporum abundance were quantified using quantitative PCR. Taxonomic and functional characteristics of bacterial communities were measured using shotgun metagenome sequencing. Compost significantly increased bacterial abundance 8 weeks after amendment in one experiment. Compost increased concentrations of chemical characteristics of soil, including phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and pH. In all experiments, compost significantly reduced abundance of F. oxysporum and altered the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities. Sixteen bacterial genera were significantly increased from compost in every experiment, potentially playing a role in pathogen suppression. In all experiments, there was a consistent negative effect of compost on functions related to carbohydrate use and a positive effect on bacteria with flagella. Results from this work demonstrate that compost can reduce the abundance of soilborne plant pathogens and raise questions about the role of microbes in plant pathogen suppression.
Complications and side effects of Wide-Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) in upper limb surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lawand Jad , Hantouly Ashraf , Bouri Fadi , Muneer Mohammad , Farooq Abdulaziz , Hagert Elisabet 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Wide-Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT), a groundbreaking anaesthetic technique resurging in practice, warrants a comprehensive safety analysis for informed adoption. Our study aimed to identify complications/side effects of WALANT upper limb procedures through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
This PROSPERO-registered study was performed with strict adherence to PRISMA guidelines. Embase, OVIDMedline, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched until February 2023. Inclusion criteria involved English articles, reporting complications/side effects in primary WALANT upper limb surgeries. Outcomes included all complications and side effects, data on the anaesthetic mixture, publication year/location, study type, and procedures performed. The meta-analysis employed the Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine Transformation, computed I2 statistics, and utilized common or random effects models for pooled analysis.

Results
2002 studies were identified; 79 studies met the inclusion criteria representing 15,595 WALANT patients. A total of 301 patients had complications, and the meta-analysis using a random effects model provided a complication rate of 1.7% (95% CI: 0.93–2.7%). The most reported complications were superficial infection (41%, n = 123/300), other/specified (12%, n = 37/300), and recurrent disease (6.7%, n = 20/300). A decade-by-decade analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in complication rates spanning the last three decades (p = 0.42). Adding sodium bicarbonate to the anaesthetic solution significantly reduced postoperative complications (p = 0.025).

Conclusion
WALANT has a low overall complication rate of 1.7%, with no significant temporal variation and a significant reduction in complications when sodium bicarbonate is added to the anaesthetic solution. Our findings support the safety of WALANT in upper limb procedures.

Registration
PROSPERO: CRD42023404018.