bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intratumoral Injection of Dendritic Cells Engineered to Secrete Interleukin-12 by Recombinant Adenovirus in Patients With Metastatic Gastrointestinal Carcinomas
Authors: Mazzolini Guillermo , Alfaro Carlos , Sangro Bruno , Feijoó Esperanza , Ruiz Juan , Benito Alberto , Tirapu Iñigo , Arina Ainhoa , Sola Josu , Herraiz Maite , Lucena Felipe , Olagüe Cristina , Subtil José , Quiroga Jorge , Herrero Ignacio , Sádaba Belén , Bendandi Maurizio , Qian Cheng , Prieto Jesús , Melero Ignacio 
Published: December 2004

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of intratumoral injection of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with an adenovirus encoding interleukin-12 genes (AFIL-12) for patients with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas. Secondarily, we have evaluated biologic effects and antitumoral activity.Patients and MethodsSeventeen patients with metastatic pancreatic (n = 3), colorectal (n = 5), or primary liver (n = 9) malignancies entered the study. DCs were generated from CD14+ monocytes from leukapheresis, cultured and transfected with AFIL-12 before administration. Doses from 10 × 106to 50 × 106cells were escalated in three cohorts of patients. Patients received up to three doses at 21-day intervals.ResultsFifteen (88%) and 11 of 17 (65%) patients were assessable for toxicity and response, respectively. Intratumoral DC injections were mainly guided by ultrasound. Treatment was well tolerated. The most common side effects were lymphopenia, fever, and malaise. Interferon gamma and interleukin-6 serum concentrations were increased in 15 patients after each treatment, as well as peripheral blood natural killer activity in five patients. DC transfected with AFIL-12 stimulated a potent antibody response against adenoviral capsides. DC treatment induced a marked increase of infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes in three of 11 tumor biopsies analyzed. A partial response was observed in one patient with pancreatic carcinoma. Stable disease was observed in two patients and progression in eight patients, with two of the cases fast-progressing during treatment.ConclusionIntratumoral injection of DC transfected with an adenovirus encoding interleukin-12 to patients with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies is feasible and well tolerated. Further studies are necessary to define and increase clinical efficacy.
Protective effect of propyl gallate against myocardial oxidative stress-induced injury in rat
Authors: Karthikeyan K , Bai B R Sarala , Gauthaman K , Devaraj S Niranjali 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic administration of propyl gallate on myocardial oxidative stress-induced injury. Propyl gallate was administered orally to Wistar albino rats (150–200 g) in three different doses, by gastric gavage (250 mg kg−1 (P1), 500 mg kg−1 (P2) and 750 mg kg−1 (P3)), 6 days a week for 5 weeks. At the end of this period, all the rats, except the normal untreated rats that served as the control group, were administered isoproterenol (ISO), 85 mg kg−1 subcutaneously, for 2 consecutive days to induce myocardial injury. After 48 h, rats (n = 6 per group) were anaesthetized with anaesthetic ether, sacrificed and the hearts were harvested for the estimation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), endogenous antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase) and for the assessment of histological changes. In the P2 BL group (BL = baseline), there was a significant (P &lt; 0.001) rise in baseline TBARS and SOD when compared with the saline-treated group, while no such changes were observed in the other baseline-treated groups. However, there was a significant (P &lt; 0.001) increase in TBARS and endogenous anti-oxidants (GSH, SOD and catalase) in the P2 ISO and P3 ISO groups, when the hearts were subjected to in-vivo myocardial oxidative stress-induced injury. We observed no such changes in the P1 ISO group. This study showed that propyl gallate modulates the levels of endogenous antioxidants present at the myocardial site. Whether these modifications are a result of direct interference at this site or a remote effect is not immediately clear. In conclusion, from the results it could be stated that chronic administration of 500 mg kg−1 of propyl gallate offers significant protection against myocardial oxidative stress-induced injury.
Recombinant human lactoferrin prevents NSAID-induced intestinal bleeding in rodents
Authors: Dial Elizabeth J , Dohrman Amanda J , Romero Jim J , Lichtenberger Lenard M 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Recombinant human lactoferrin (RHLF) was tested for its ability to prevent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced intestinal injury in rats and mice. Acute and chronic models using indometacin, naproxen and diclofenac were used. Measurements were made of intestinal bleeding and inflammation. Orally administered RHLF was effective at preventing acute NSAID-induced increases in gut bleeding and myeloperoxidase activity. Oral RHLF was also effective at blocking some chronic manifestations of indometacin usage. Protection by RHLF of the intestinal tract from NSAIDs appears to be linked to attenuation of neutrophil migration to the intestine, and is independent of prostaglandins and nitric oxide. RHLF does not bind to the NSAID or interfere with the NSAID biological activity. We conclude that orally administered RHLF is effective at preventing NSAID-induced intestinal injury in rodents and should be investigated for this potential therapeutic use in man.
Protection of mitochondrial system by Hippophae rhamnoides L. against radiation-induced oxidative damage in mice
Authors: Goel Harish Chandra , Gupta Damodar , Gupta Shobha , Garg A P , Bala Madhu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The whole extract of the fresh berries of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (RH−3), which has been reported to provide protection to whole mice, various tissues, cells and cell organelles against lethal irradiation, was further investigated for its effects on mitochondria isolated from mouse liver. Superoxide anion, reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), NADH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex I/II), succinate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex II/III), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid peroxidation (LPx) and protein oxidation (PO) were determined for RH-3-mediated radioprotective manifestation. Pre-irradiation treatment of mice with RH-3 (30 mg kg−1, i.p.; single dose; −30 min) significantly inhibited the radiation-induced increase in superoxide anions, GSSG, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), complex I, complex I/III activity and MMP maximally at 4 h (P &lt; 0.05). This treatment inhibited the oxidation of proteins (P &lt; 0.05) at all the time periods studied here. This study suggests that pre-irradiation treatment of mice with RH-3 protects the functional integrity of mitochondria from radiation-induced oxidative stress.
Tympanal travelling waves in migratory locusts
Authors: Windmill James F. C. , Göpfert Martin C. , Robert Daniel 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYHearing animals, including many vertebrates and insects, have the capacity to analyse the frequency composition of sound. In mammals, frequency analysis relies on the mechanical response of the basilar membrane in the cochlear duct. These vibrations take the form of a slow vibrational wave propagating along the basilar membrane from base to apex. Known as von Békésy's travelling wave, this wave displays amplitude maxima at frequency-specific locations along the basilar membrane, providing a spatial map of the frequency of sound - a tonotopy. In their structure, insect auditory systems may not be as sophisticated as those of mammals, yet some are known to perform sound frequency analysis. In the desert locust, this analysis arises from the mechanical properties of the tympanal membrane. In effect, the spatial decomposition of incident sound into discrete frequency components involves a tympanal travelling wave that funnels mechanical energy to specific tympanal locations, where distinct groups of mechanoreceptor neurones project. Notably, observed tympanal deflections differ from those predicted by drum theory. Although phenomenologically equivalent, von Békésy's and the locust's waves differ in their physical implementation. von Békésy's wave is born from interactions between the anisotropic basilar membrane and the surrounding incompressible fluids, whereas the locust's wave rides on an anisotropic membrane suspended in air. The locust's ear thus combines in one structure the functions of sound reception and frequency decomposition.
Extramuscular myofascial force transmission forin siturat medial gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles in progressive stages of dissection
Authors: Rijkelijkhuizen J. M. , Baan G. C. , de Haan A. , de Ruiter C. J. , Huijing P. A. 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to establish the extent of extramuscular myofascial force transmission for dissected rat medial gastrocnemius (GM) and plantaris (PL) muscles. Initially, this was done with GM still connected to extramuscular connective tissue (general fascia, neuro-vascular tract and compartmental fascia). Neighbouring muscles were also connected to these tissues. In a later stage, it was dissected progressively until finally a fully dissected in situ GM was obtained, for which the neuro-vascular tract (i.e. the nerves, bloodvessels and the surrounding connective tissue)was the only extramuscular tissue left intact. Force of GM was measured not only at its distal tendon in progressive stages of dissection, but also at its dissected proximal tendon. In the stage where GM was still connected to extramuscular tissues, the experiments showed that up to 40.5±5.9%(mean ± s.e.m.) of the force exerted by the neighbouring PL muscle was transmitted onto the calcaneal bone, even when the PL tendon was not connected to this bone. After distal PL-tenotomy, a difference between proximally and distally measured forces of GM constituted evidence for myofascial force transmission. In the fully dissected in situ GM muscle, no relevant myofascial force transmission occurred in the reference position (the position of the GM origin corresponding to a knee angle of 120°). However, some myofascial force transmission occurred when the relative position of the origin of the fully dissected GM muscle was changed with respect to the neuro-vascular tract.
Burrow air phase maintenance and respiration by the mudskipperScartelaos histophorus(Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)
Authors: Lee Heather J. , Martinez Callie A. , Hertzberg Katherine J. , Hamilton Amy L. , Graham Jeffrey B. 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARYA laboratory burrow and mudflat system was used to examine aspects of burrow air-phase maintenance and utilization by the amphibious mudskipper Scartelaos histophorus. While confined to its burrow during simulated`high tide', this species respires both aquatically and aerially, in the latter case utilizing an air phase it had established by transporting air into the burrow during simulated `low tide'. Over the course of `high-tide'confinement, burrow-water PO2 declines, making the air phase more important for respiration; the burrow-water O2tension eliciting air-phase respiration is 4.8±0.2 kPa. At `low tide',when the fish has access to air, it deposits new air in the air phase by transporting gulps into the burrow and releasing them. Observed air-deposition rates for both males and females were 12.3±4.5 trips h-1. All of the fish tested (N=8 individuals + 2 pairs) deposited air and responded to experimental air-phase withdrawal by replacing the air (72 of 74 tests, 97.3%). Also, repeated tests with one fish showed that experimental reduction of the air-phase PO2 by mixing with N2 elicited a gas-expelling behavior at O2 levels less than 10.3 kPa. At O2 levels greater than 10.3 kPa, the fish left the air phase intact and added to it by depositing surface air.
Weak and strong priming cues in bumblebee contextual learning
Authors: Dale Kyran , Harland Duane P. , Manning-Jones Adam , Collett Thomas S. 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARY
Bees have the flexibility to modulate their response to a visual stimulus according to the context in which the visual stimulus is seen. They readily learn that in one context a yellow target, but not a blue one, should be approached to reach sucrose and that in another context blue, but not yellow,leads to sucrose. Here we contrast the bumblebee's ability to use two types of contextual or priming cue in deciding which of two coloured targets to approach. Bumblebees could perform this task well when the pairs of colours to be discriminated were in two different places, so that the cues associated with each place indicated whether the bees should select a blue or a yellow target. In this case the priming cues were presented concurrently with the rewarded stimuli. Priming cues, which occur a little earlier than a rewarded stimulus, seem less powerful in their ability to bias a bee's choice of rewarded stimulus.
We tried with a variety of methods to train bees to use a priming colour to indicate which of two colours should be approached a few seconds later. Our only success with such sequential priming cues was when each pair of rewarded and unrewarded colours could be distinguished by additional spatial cues. Bees were trained to choose a blue-black checkerboard over a yellow-black checkerboard, after viewing a yellow priming cue, and to choose a uniform yellow target over a uniform blue one, after viewing a blue priming cue. They performed this task almost without error. To see whether bees had associated each rewarded stimulus with the relevant sequential priming cue, bees were tested with a choice between the two rewarded stimuli (the yellow target and the blue-black checkerboard). The bees' choice was biased towards the blue-black checkerboard, when the preceding priming cue was yellow, and towards the yellow target, when the priming cue was blue. We suppose that the experiment works because the presence or absence of the checkerboard provides an additional distinguishing spatial cue that can be linked to and reinforce the sequential one. Under natural conditions, as when bees follow routes,there will normally be such a synergy between spatial and sequential cues.
Dual-probe 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring for diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Issing W.J. , Karkos P.D. , Perreas K. , Folwaczny C. , Reichel O. 
Published: December 2004

Background: Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease may suffer from a variety of symptoms from the upper aerodigestive tract. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of dual-probe 24-hr pH monitoring in the diagnosis of reflux-related otolaryngological disorders.Methods: Twenty-two patients with symptoms such as chronic cough, globus pharyngeus, heartburn,dysphonia and burning sensation of the tongue underwent a complete ear, nose and throat examination, 24-hr dual-probe pH monitoring, and oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy.Results: pH monitoring revealed gastroesophageal (distal) reflux in all patients and pharyngeal (proximal) reflux in 21 patients. Treatment consisted of a proton pump inhibitor (esomeprazole). Within 4 weeks 68 per cent of patients had no laryngopharyngeal symptoms; within 8 weeks 95 per cent of patients were symptom-free.Conclusions: Patients with atypical reflux symptoms such as hoarseness, globus sensation or throat-clearing responded well to anti-reflux treatment.
Efficacy and systemic tolerability of mometasone furoate and betamethasone sodium phosphate
Authors: Patel Rajan S. , Shaw Steve R. , Wallace A. Michael , McGarry Gerald W. 
Published: December 2004

This study evaluates the efficacy and systemic tolerability of licensed doses of mometasone furoate (Nasonex®) and betamethasone sodium phosphate (Betnesol®) in allergic chronic rhinosinusitis patients. It also assesses the diagnostic accuracy of morning salivary cortisol (MSC) concentrations to screen for adrenal suppression inthese patients.Forty-eight patients were prospectively randomized to two treatment limbs. Symptom scores and adrenal function assessments were performed immediately prior to commencement and at the end of treatment.One (4 per cent) mometasone furoate and 14 (58 per cent) betamethasone sodium phosphate patients developed biochemical evidence of adrenal suppression. There were statistically significant (p < 0.005) reductions in symptom scores following treatment, but no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the drug groups regarding post-treatment symptom scores. As a screening tool for iatrogenic adrenal suppression, MSC had a sensitivity of 100 per cent and a specificity of 97 per cent.This study demonstrates the high risk of developing adrenal suppression secondary to betamethasone sodium phosphate therapy. The salivary cortisol assay is an accurate tool for monitoringadrenal function and is ideally suited to the out-patient setting.
Highly Enantioselective Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Diphenylzinc to Cyclohexenone.
Authors: Pena Diego , Lopez Fernando , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sesquiterpene Aminoquinones, from a Marine Sponge, Induce Erythroid Differentiation in Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, K562 Cells.
Authors: Aoki Shunji , Kong Dexin , Matsui Kouhei , Rachmat Rachmaniar , Kobayashi Motomasa 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improving the reproducibility of diagnosing micrometastases and isolated tumor cells
Authors: Cserni Gábor , Bianchi Simonetta , Boecker Werner , Decker Thomas , Lacerda Manuela , Rank Fritz , Wells Clive A. ,   for The European Working Group for Breast Screening Pathology
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe latest edition of the tumor‐lymph node‐metastasis (TNM) classification of malignant tumors distinguishes between isolated tumor cells (pN0) and micrometastases (pN1mi). The reproducibility of these categories has not been assessed previously.METHODSDigital images from 50 cases with low‐volume lymph node involvement from axillary sentinel lymph nodes were circulated twice for evaluation (Evaluation Rounds 1 and 2) among the members of the European Working Group for Breast Screening Pathology, and the members were asked to categorize lesions as micrometastasis, isolated tumor cells, or something else and to classify each case into a pathologic lymph node (pN) category of the pathologic TNM system. Methods for improving the low reproducibility of the categorizations were discussed between the two evaluation rounds. κ Statistics were used for the assessment of interobserver variability.RESULTSThe κ value for the consistency of categorizing low‐volume lymph node load into micrometastasis, isolated tumor cells, or neither of those changed from 0.39 to 0.49 between Evaluation Rounds 1 and 2, but it was slightly lower for the pN categories (0.35 and 0.44, respectively). Interpretation of the definitions of isolated tumor cells (especially with respect to their localization within the lymph node), lack of guidance on how to measure them if they were multiple, and lack of any definitions for multiple simultaneous foci of lymph node involvement were listed among the causes of discordant diagnoses.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study indicated that the definitions available have minor contradictions and do not permit a reproducible distinction between micrometastases and isolated tumor cells. Refinement of these definitions, therefore, is required. One refinement that may improve reproducibility is suggested in this report. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Kinetics and Film Properties of Boron Nitride Derived from Trimethoxyborane/Ammonia by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Strakov H. , Hackl G. , Popovska N. , Gerhard H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of the CVD of boron nitride from trimethoxyborane (TMOB) and ammonia (NH3) under atmospheric pressure was investigated by varying the following process parameters: temperature, residence time of the reactants, molar fraction of TMOB, and the NH3/TMOB ratio, γ. A kinetic power law equation was derived, that describes the experimental results with good accuracy. The reaction order with respect to TMOB is found to be 0.9 and – 0.2 with respect to NH3. Between 800 °C and 950 °C, the deposition rate is controlled by the surface reaction kinetics with apparent activation energy of 115.1 kJ mol–1. The deposited BN films were characterized by IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure of the deposits depends on the nature of the substrates used. Turbostratic boron nitride (t‐BN) was deposited on graphite, and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) on alumina substrates. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses show nearly stoichiometric BN films for deposition temperatures in the range 850–950 °C for high amounts of ammonia (100 < γ < 150) in the feed gas.
Multiobjective optimization for performance‐based seismic design of steel moment frame structures
Authors: Liu Min , Burns Scott A. , Wen Y. K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe performance‐based seismic design of steel special moment‐resisting frame (SMRF) structures is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem, in which conflicting design criteria that respectively reflect the present capital investment and the future seismic risk are treated simultaneously as separate objectives other than stringent constraints. Specifically, the initial construction expenses are accounted for by the steel material weight as well as by the number of different standard steel section types, the latter roughly quantifying the degree of design complexity related additional construction cost; the seismic risk is considered in terms of maximum interstory drift demands at two hazard levels with exceedance probabilities being 50% and 2% in 50 years, respectively. The present formulation allows structural engineers to find an optimized design solution by explicitly striving for a desirable compromise between the initial investment and seismic performance. Member sizing for code‐compliant design of a planar five‐story four‐bay SMRF is presented as an application example using the proposed procedure that is automated by a multiobjective genetic algorithm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.