bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacoeconomics of Gastrointestinal Drug Utilisation Prior and Post Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Klok Rogier M. , Van Der Veen Willem Jan , Van Der Werf Ger Th , Van Den Berg Paul B. , Brouwers Jacobus R. B. J. , Postma Maarten J. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTBackground.  Eradication of Helicobacter pylori prevents recurrence of peptic ulcer. In pharmacoeconomic analyses it is often presumed that after successful eradication no more gastrointestinal drugs are used. We investigated this presumed positive monetary effect using General Practitioners prescribing data, including information in diagnosis.Methods.  From the RNG‐database we identified patients with a H. pylori eradication in the years 1997–2000. H. pylori eradication was defined as a prescription of two antibiotics and one gastrointestinal drug on the same day. Patients were divided into a group with diagnosed ulcers and a group without diagnosed ulcers. Gastrointestinal drug costs were calculated for 4 months prior to eradication and 9–12 months post eradication. For comparison costs in all periods were expressed per patient per period. For statistical analysis the paired t‐test was used.Results.  One hundred and two patients were eligible for evaluation. Of these patients 35 had a diagnosed ulcer and 67 had not. Generally the number of patients on gastrointestinal drugs decreased (61% prior vs. 33% post), however, the drug costs did not change (€33 prior vs. €34 post). Costs for proton pump inhibitors increased post eradication (€14 prior vs. €28 post). The ulcer and nonulcer group showed similar results.Conclusion.  Helicobacter pylori eradication is thought to be cost effective, however, we did not find a decrease in costs for all gastrointestinal drugs. There may be a great pharmacoeconomical advantage when it is possible to predict which patients are more likely to ‘fail’ eradication therapy.
Long‐term sedation with propofol 60 mg ml−1 vs. propofol 10 mg ml−1 in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Knibbe C. A. J. , Naber H. , Aarts L. P. H. J. , Kuks P. F. M. , Danhof M. 
Published: February 2004

Background:  Hypertriglyceridaemia is the main cause of therapeutic failure during propofol use in long‐term sedated mechanically ventilated patients. Propofol 60 mg ml−1 has been developed to reduce fat and volume load for the critically ill patient.The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of sedation, achievability of effective concentrations and the effects on serum lipid concentrations of propofol 60 mg ml−1 vs. propofol 10 mg ml−1 for long‐term sedation in critically ill patients.Methods:  In this randomized, open, prospective study, 20 critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients who required sedation for a minimum of 48 h received propofol 60 mg ml−1 or propofol 10 mg ml−1 in doses as required during 2–5 days.Results:  No differences between propofol 60 mg ml−1 and propofol 10 mg ml−1 were observed in the effectiveness of sedation using the Ramsay Sedation score and the Subjective Sedation score, nor in relation to the propofol concentrations. Between the two groups, there were no significant differences in the daily propofol dose, number of daily infusion rate adjustments or need for additional sedatives.Mean serum triglyceride concentrations were higher in the propofol 10 mg ml−1 group compared with the propofol 60 mg ml−1 group [5.26 (3.19) vs. 3.22 (2.05) mmol l−1, P > 0.05][mean (SD)]. Patients in the propofol 10 mg ml−1 group received more fat from the propofol infusion than from the propofol 60 mg ml−1 group [53.2 (29.6) vs. 10.0 (4.7) % compared with fat from nutrition, respectively]. A significant relationship was observed between the daily total fat dose and the serum triglyceride concentration (r2 = 0.32, P < 0.001), whereas there was no significant correlation between the daily propofol dose and the serum triglyceride concentration.Conclusion:  Propofol 60 mg ml−1 is a useful alternative to propofol 10 mg ml−1 for the long‐term sedation of critically ill patients. Sedation with propofol 60 mg ml−1 reduces fat and volume load by 83%, which reduces the risk of hypertriglyceridaemia.
E‐cadherin Expression in Canine Mammary Carcinomas with Regional Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Brunetti B. , Sarli G. , Preziosi R. , Leprotti S. , Benazzi C. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryE‐cadherin (E‐cad) is a cell adhesion molecule known for its tumour invasion‐suppressor function. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of E‐cadherin in 19 cases of malignant mammary tumours of the dog and the relationship between E‐cadherin expression in primary tumours and in regional lymph node metastases. E‐cadherin expression is not always parallel in the primary tumour and in the lymph node metastasis. One year follow‐up was available in 12 of 19 cases. Three different patterns of expression were revealed in the lymph node metastases compared with the primary tumour: downregulation when the protein expression was weaker in the metastasis than in the primary tumour; upregulation when E‐cadherin was stronger in the lymph node than in the primary tumour, and a similarly intense expression when it was equal in the metastasis and in the tumour. The lymph node pattern revealed a prevalent upregulation or downregulation with respect to the primary tumour, whereas a similar expression of E‐cadherin was encountered in less than 50% of cases.
Acellular and Glutaraldehyde‐Preserved Tendon Allografts for Reconstruction of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon in Bovines: Part I – Clinical, Radiological and Angiographical Observations
Authors: Ramesh R. , Kumar N. , Sharma A. K. , Maiti S. K. , Singh G. R. 
Published: February 2004

SummarySixteen tenorrhaphies were performed at the mid‐metatarsal region in eight buffalo calves under lignocaine epidural analgesia. A 2 cm long gap was created in the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon and immediately repaired with acellular grafts in animals of group I, 1% glutaraldehyde‐preserved tendon allografts in group II. In group III, the defect was repaired with autografts. This group served as control. The contralateral limb in each animal was operated after an interval of 60 days and the animals underwent the same procedure according to the designed groups. Diclofenac sodium and Enrofloxacin was given post‐operatively for 5 days. Clinical examination revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) in rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rate for 3–4 post‐operative days in all the animals. Mild pain and exudation as well as early restoration of tendon gliding movements and weight‐bearing were observed earlier in group I in comparison with group II. Air‐tendograms revealed early organization, minimal adhesion formation and lesser thickening of tendon at the reconstructive site in the acellular group whereas in the glutaraldehyde group dense homogenous swelling with adhesions was seen along the flexors. Angiography on day 30 showed that the area of proximal and distal host tendon graft junction appeared hypervascularized, whereas the area occupied by the graft appeared relatively less vascularized. Normal vascularization was observed on day 90 in all the three groups.
Acellular and Glutaraldehyde‐Preserved Tendon Allografts for Reconstruction of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon in Bovines: Part II – Gross, Microscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations
Authors: Ramesh R. , Kumar N. , Sharma A. K. , Maiti S. K. , Kumar S. , Charan K. 
Published: February 2004

SummarySixteen tenorrhaphies were performed at mid‐metatarsal region in eight buffalo calves. A 2‐cm long gap was created in the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon in all animals. The gap was immediately repaired with acellular grafts in animals of group I, 1% glutaraldehyde‐preserved tendon allografts in group II, and in group III the defect was repaired with autografts (control group). The contralateral limb in each animal was operated after an interval of 60 days and the animals underwent the same procedure according to the designed groups. Gross observation revealed filling of host tendon–graft junction with fibrous connective tissue. Increased vascularity was seen in group I when compared with group II and III. Graft was resorbed in animals of group I and III, whereas partial absorption of graft was seen in group II. Histological observations on day 30 revealed restoration of cellularity in acellular graft and fragmentation and resorption of glutaraldehyde‐preserved graft. Graft was replaced by newly formed fibrous connective tissue. Tissue reaction around polygalactin suture consisted of plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophages. On day 90, most of the acellular graft was replaced by newly formed fibrous connective tissue. In group II the majority of graft portion remained at the site and was in a state of resorption. In the control group it was difficult to distinguish between the host tendon and the graft. Scanning electron microscopical observation showed densely packed neoformed tissue at host tendon–graft junction. Hydrolysis and invasion of connective tissue between polygalactin suture filaments, resorption of graft with cavity formation and dissolution of ground substance were observed.
Cardiovascular effects of xylazine recorded with telemetry in the dog
Authors: Ilbäck N.‐G. , Stålhandske T. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryCardiovascular effects of xylazine have not been studied with telemetry in dogs. In the present study, the effects on cardiovascular parameters after intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 2.0 mg/kg xylazine were studied via telemetry in unrestrained dogs. Telemetry transmitters were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) with a pressure catheter in the femoral artery. Cardiovascular effects and body temperature effects were assessed after i.m. administration of xylazine. Heart rate decreased for about 10 min and was continuously depressed during 60 min. Thereafter, heart rate slowly increased but had not fully reached pre‐dose values 4 h after treatment. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased immediately after administration of xylazine. The systolic blood pressure showed a peak increase for about 5–10 min and then decreased below the baseline value not normalizing within 90 min. The diastolic blood pressure peaked 5–10 min after xylazine administration but did not return to baseline level until 50 min after administration. Body temperature decreased continuously for about 90 min and remained low for more than 4 h after treatment. An additional administration of xylazine to the same individuals after a recovery period of 4 weeks induced exactly the same response in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in heart rate. By using the telemetric recording system it was possible to continuously evaluate xylazine‐induced cardiovascular responses in a way that is not possible with conventional techniques.
Treatment and Follow‐Up of Clinical Cyathostominosis in Horses*
Authors: Deprez P. , Vercruysse J. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryThe results of the treatment with moxidectin or ivermectin of 20 horses with clinical cyathostominosis were studied during a 3‐week observation period. Both treatments were effective in completely eliminating larvae from the faeces within 1 or 2 weeks, but no significant improvement in body weight or clinical parameters could be demonstrated over the observation period. The poor short time results of the treatment support the need for an adequate prevention of cyathostominosis in horses.
Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines (TNF‐αα, IL‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐8) in Colon of Pigs Naturally Infected withSalmonella typhimuriumandS. choleraesuis
Authors: Cho W.‐S. , Chae C. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryThe expression of mRNA encoding tumour necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6 and IL‐8 was studied, byin situhybridization with a non‐radioactive digoxigenin‐labelled probe, in formalin‐fixed, paraffin wax‐embedded colonic tissue from pigs naturally infected withSalmonella typhimuriumandS. choleraesuis. Byin situhybridization, a distinct positive signal for TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐8 was detected in colon from all 12 infected pigs. Hybridization signals for all four inflammatory cytokines were detected primarily inflammatory cells infiltrating the lamina propria and submucosa. In comparison, expression of all four inflammatory cytokines was minimal in non‐lesional colon of infected pigs and in normal colon from control pigs. The results suggest that these cytokines play an important role in the pathophysiological processes in porcine salmonellosis.
Hepatic Effects of Halothane, Isoflurane or Sevoflurane Anaesthesia in Dogs
Authors: Topal A. , Gül N. , İlçöl Y. , Görgül O. S. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryThe effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia on hepatic function and hepatocellular damage were investigated in dogs, comparing the activity of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin concentration in serum. An experimental study was designed. Twenty‐one clinically normal mongrel dogs were divided into three groups and accordingly anaesthetized with halothane (n = 7), isoflurane (n = 7) and sevoflurane (n = 7). The dogs were 1–4 years old, and weighed between 13.5 and 27 kg (18.4 ± 3.9). Xylazine HCI (1–2 mg/kg) i.m. was used as pre‐anaesthetic medication. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg i.v. The trachea was intubated and anaesthesia maintained with halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen at concentrations of 1.35, 2 and 3%, respectively. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (tidal volume, 15 ml/kg; respiration rate, 12–14/min) was started immediately after intubation and the anaesthesia lasted for 60 min. Venous blood samples were collected before pre‐medication, 24 and 48 h, and 7 and 14 days after anaesthesia. Serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH GGT) activities and bilirubin concentration were measured. Serum AST, ALT and GGT activities increased after anaesthesia in all groups. In the halothane group, serum AST and ALT activities significantly increased all the time after anaesthesia compared with baseline activities. But in the isoflurane group AST and ALT activities increased only between 2 and 7 days, and in the sevoflurane group 7 days after anaesthesia. GGT activity was increased in the halothane group between 2 and 7 days, and in the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups 7 days after anaesthesia. All dogs recovered from anaesthesia without complications and none developed clinical signs of hepatic damage within 14 days. The results suggest that the use of halothane anaesthesia induces an elevation of serum activities of liver enzymes more frequently than isoflurane or sevoflurane from 2 to 14 days after anaesthesia in dogs. The effects of isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia on the liver in dogs is safer than halothane anaesthesia in dogs.
Long‐term Effects of Dietary Anion–Cation Balance on Acid–Base Status and Bone Morphology in Reproducing Ewes
Authors: Espino L. , Guerrero F. , Suarez M. L. , Santamarina G. , Goicoa A. , Fidalgo L. E. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryThe beneficial effects of anionic salts on calcium metabolism have been shown by supplementing rations with such salts during the last 3 weeks of pre‐partum. However, there are few reports on the effects of anionic salts supplementation for periods of 4 weeks or longer on acid–base status, mineral metabolism and bone morphology. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the long‐term dietary supplementation of anionic salts on the acid–base status, plasma minerals concentrations and bone morphology in sheep. Twenty‐seven twin‐bearing sheep were assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, depending on dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) (+272.6, −88.9 and +164.5 mEq/kg DM, respectively). Sheep assigned to each dietary treatment received their respective rations beginning 6 weeks pre‐partum and continuing until 12 days post‐partum. Diets containing anionic salts induced a mild metabolic hyperchloraemic acidosis from 1 week pre‐partum to 2 days post‐partum that was completely compensated by non‐respiratory mechanisms. These changes on acid–base status were accompanied by an increase of plasma ionized calcium levels. Plasma total calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. Parathyroid hormone concentrations were related to the concentration of ionized calcium of plasma and were higher in sheep fed the cationic diet. Plasma osteocalcin levels were increased in sheep fed the anionic diet and cortical bone remodelling occurred in all the animals during late pregnancy in light and electron microscopy observation, but was particularly evident in the sheep fed the anionic diet. Bone turnover might be stimulated because of the role of the bone in buffering systemic acidosis. The data suggest that anionic salts ameliorated calcium metabolism around parturition by increasing bone resorption and the concentration of ionised calcium in plasma, possibly mediated by a mild hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis induced by the salts.
Total Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Dogs with Mammary Neoplasms: a Prospective Study on 79 Natural Cases
Authors: Karayannopoulou M. , Koutinas A. F. , Polizopoulou Z. S. , Roubies N. , Fytianou A. , Saridomichelakis M. N. , Kaldrymidou E. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryIncreased total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) activity in the serum, long noticed in canine mammary tumours among other neoplasms, has not been yet associated with malignancy, osseous transformation of neoplastic tissue or histopathological typing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to correlate this biochemical abnormality with the above‐mentioned parameters, in 79 adult to elderly female dogs with mammary neoplasms, without evidence of metastatic or any other disease. Histopathology disclosed that 64 (81%) of these neoplasms were malignant and 15 (19%) benign, belonging to various histological types. Radiology and histopathology revealed the presence of osseous tissue in 18 (22.8%) cases. The malignant neoplasms were subsequently allocated into group A including 46 (74.2%) of epithelial origin and group B with 16 (25.8%) neoplasms of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin (‘malignant mixed’ tumours). In addition, their benign counterparts were divided into group C (adenomas, fibroadenomas) and group D (benign mixed tumours) that included seven (46.7%) and eight (53.3%) tumours, respectively. Almost 55% of the dogs with malignant and 47% with benign tumours had increased serum‐TALP activity. However, no significant difference in serum‐TALP activity was found between the dogs with malignant (mean ± SE: 243.7 ± 37.4 U/l) and benign (167.9 ± 38.4 U/l) neoplasms, with (238.9 ± 45.3 U/l) and without (226.5 ± 38.3 U/l) osseous transformation, with (298.5 ± 85.6 U/l) or without (201.2 ± 30.5 U/l) myoepithelial cell proliferation and with different tumour size (T1/T2: 175.1 ± 34.9 and T3: 254.5 ± 42.5 U/l). In histopathological typing, the only difference noticed involved the malignant neoplasms of group A (190.5 ± 25.5 U/l) compared with group B (378 ± 124.6 U/l) dogs. The higher increase of serum‐TALP activity in ‘malignant mixed’ tumours could not be attributed to osseous transformation or new ALP isoenzyme production by myoepithelial cells. Increased serum‐TALP activity is of no apparent diagnostic (as to tumour type) or prognostic value.
Expression of Transforming Growth Factor‐β Isoforms in the Skin, Kidney, Pancreas and Bladder in a German Shepherd Dog affected by Renal Cystadenocarcinoma and Nodular Dermatofibrosis
Authors: Vercelli A. , Bellone G. , Abate O. , Emanuelli G. , Cagnasso A. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryThe present study was performed to assess the expression of isoforms 1, 2 and 3 of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β in skin nodular dermatofibrosis lesions, kidney, bladder and pancreas from a 10‐year‐old female German shepherd dog (GSD) affected by renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis (RCND) compared with normal GSDs (n = 2). Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues obtained from the dog affected by RCND, diagnosed by renal ultrasonography and histopathological examination were analysed by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies to TGF‐β1, 2 and 3, and evaluated semiquantitatively using an immunoreactivity score. Similar expression of TGF‐β2 and TGF‐β3 was observed in all tissue specimens in both the RCND‐affected animal and normal dogs. In contrast, TGF‐β1 immunoreactivity was increased in the derma of the RCND canine. Comparable TGF‐β1 serum levels were found between the diseased and normal animals. The increased local cutaneous production of TGF‐β1 in the RCND dog, compared with the normal animals, suggests that this cytokine may play an important role in the induction of nodular dermatofibrosis associated with renal cystadenocarcinoma.
DECREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PREHEPATIC PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE RAT LIVERS FOLLOWING THE INDUCTION OF DIABETES
Authors: Evelson P , Llesuy S , Filinger E , Rodriguez RR , Lemberg A , Scorticati C , Susemihl M , Villareal I , Polo JM , Peredo H , Perazzo JC 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARY1. Oxidative stress (OS) is a biological entity indicated as being responsible for several pathologies, including diabetes. Diabetes can also be associated with human cirrhosis. Portal hypertension (PH), a major syndrome in cirrhosis, produces hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and hyperaemia. The present study was designed to investigate the occurrence of OS in prehepatic PH rat livers following the induction of diabetes.2. Five groups of rats were used: control, sham operated, chronic diabetes (induced with a single dose of streptozotocin at 60 mg/kg, i.p.), prehepatic PH and chronic diabetic plus prehepatic PH. The occurrence of OS was determined in liver homogenates by measuring hydroperoxide‐initiated chemiluminescence and the activity of anti‐oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase).3. Prehepatic PH produced a significant increase in hydroperoxide‐initiated chemiluminescence in the liver compared with control and sham‐operated rats, whereas the liver in chronic diabetic rats showed no difference. However, chemiluminescence values decreased almost by 50% in the chronic diabetic plus prehepatic PH group. Concomitantly, the activities of the anti‐oxidant enzymes in chronic diabetes, prehepatic PH and chronic diabetic plus prehepatic PH groups were decreased (P < 0.05 vs control and sham‐operated groups).4. Livers from the chronic diabetic group did not show any evidence of the occurrence of OS, whereas the prehepatic PH group showed the occurrence of OS. The association of PH and chronic diabetes resulted in a significant decrease in the occurrence of OS, which could be explained by an anti‐oxidant response to an OS.