bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal Preferences Regarding Family Member Presence during Resuscitation
Authors: Benjamin Marny , Holger Joel , Carr Mary 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Objectives: Previous studies have shown that family members wish to be present during the resuscitation of a family member. No studies have addressed whether the patient would want family members present if he or she required resuscitation. The authors wanted to determine patients' preferences regarding family member presence during their own resuscitation. Methods: A seven‐item survey was administered to a sample of patients and their family members older than 17 years of age on six randomly chosen shifts in an academic community hospital emergency department. Responses were analyzed using chi‐square and t‐tests. Subjective comments were also recorded. Results: A total of 266 subjects were asked to participate in the study; 200 subjects agreed to complete the survey. Most (72%) wanted a family member present. However, 21% did not wish any family member to be present. Positive responders (family present) tended to be younger (mean, 39.4 years; 95% confidence interval = 36.7 to 42.2) than negative responders (mean, 50.5 years; 95% confidence interval = 42.9 to 55.7; p < 0.001). Positive responders were also more likely to be nonwhite (χ2= 6.29, p < 0.05). Gender, education, or health status was not associated with responder type. Of positive responders, 56% stated they wanted only certain members present, and these preferences were variable. Conclusions: Patients preferred to have family members present during their resuscitation. However, most of the positive responders wanted only certain members present, and approximately one in five patients, who tended to be older and white, did not want any family present. This study does not support an open policy of allowing family members into a resuscitation without prior knowledge of the patient's preferences.
Noninvasive Intracranial Cerebral Flow Velocity Evaluation in the Emergency Department by Emergency Physicians
Authors: Shafé Michael , Blaivas Michael , Hooker Edmond , Straus Leigh 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTranscranial Doppler (TCD) is an accepted modality for the evaluation of cerebral blood flow velocities. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of bedside TCD measurement in the emergency department (ED) with critically ill, intubated patients. Methods:A prospective convenience sample of patients presenting to a university hospital over a two‐month period underwent TCD evaluation of the middle cerebral artery. Intubated patients with head trauma and any patient requiring tracheal intubation were eligible. A 2‐MHz Doppler probe was positioned over the temporal bone to acquire blood flow velocities. An emergency medicine resident and research assistant obtained measurements. Continuous TCD tracings were recorded on a video cassette recorder tape for quality assurance review and data collection. Vital signs and therapeutic interventions were also recorded. Flow velocities were measured in cm/s; the peak Resistance Index (RI) was calculated for each patient. Results: A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Adequate tracings were obtained in 25 patients (83%) without a disruption of resuscitation. Tracings could not be obtained in five patients; they were listed as TCD failures. However, in two of these patients, adequate flow velocity tracings were obtained after resuscitation. Four patients were evaluated during tracheal intubation. One patient was monitored successfully during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The median time required for data acquisition was 1.9 minutes. The mean highest RI for those who expired was 0.84. For those who survived, the mean highest RI was 0.52. The difference of 0.32 was statistically significant (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Noninvasive blood flow velocity monitoring of the middle cerebral artery using TCD is feasible in the ED when performed at the bedside on intubated patients with traumatic brain injury and others during tracheal intubation and resuscitation.
The Effects of Ecstasy (MDMA) on Rat Liver Bioenergetics
Authors: Rusyniak Daniel E. , Tandy Stephany L. , Kamendulis Lisa M. , Sprague Jon E. , Klaunig James E. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Objectives: Use of the drug ecstasy (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) can result in life‐threatening hyperthermia. Agents that uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are known to cause severe hyperthermia. In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that MDMA directly uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. Methods: Effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics were assessed both in vitro and ex vivo. In vitro studies consisted of measuring the effects of MDMA (0.1–5.0 mmol/L) on states of respiration in isolated rat liver mitochondria and on mitochondrial membrane potential in a rat liver cell line. In ex vivo studies, mitochondrial rates of respiration were measured in the livers of rats one hour after treatment with MDMA (40 mg/kg subcutaneously). Results: With the in vitro mitochondrial preparations, only concentrations of 5 mmol/L MDMA showed evidence of uncoupling with a slight increase in state 4 respiration and a corresponding decrease in the respiratory control index. MDMA (0.1–5.0 mmol/L) failed to decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential in 3,3‐dihexyloxacarbocyanide iodide–stained WB‐344 cells after either one or 24 hours of incubation. Ex vivo rates of respiration obtained from the livers of rats one hour after treatment with MDMA (40 mg/kg subcutaneously) showed no evidence of mitochondrial uncoupling. Conclusions: These data suggest that while high concentrations of MDMA have some mild uncoupling effects in isolated mitochondria, these effects do not translate to cell culture or ex vivo studies in treated animals. These data do not support the view that the hyperthermia induced by MDMA is from a direct effect on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
Preparation of New Main-chain Type Polyquinone and Its Properties
Authors: Muramatsu Yukiko , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
New semiconducting poly(anthraquinone-1,5-diyl) with two NO2 groups at 4- and 8-positions has been prepared by an Ullmann type coupling reaction using metallic copper or a zerovalent nickel complex. The polymer shows intrinsic dc conductivity of 1.4 × 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature.
Photothermal Signal Detection on the Optical Waveguide
Authors: Kato Kenji , Takatsu Akiko , Matsuda Naoki , Sugitani Yoshinori 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A new detection technique of photothermal signal on the slab optical waveguide (SOWG) was demonstrated. Photothermal deflection of probe laser beam transmitted in the core layer of the SOWG was detected. Dependence of signal intensity and phase change on distance between the excitation and probe beam positions was measured. This method has high sensitivity to sample on the surface.
Separation of Basic Drug Enantiomers by Capillary Electrophoresis with New Glycosaminoglycan
Authors: Tsukamoto Tsuyoshi , Ushio Takanori , Haginaka Jun 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A new fucose-containing glycosaminoglycan was investigated as the chiral additive for the separation of basic drug enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis. Tolperisone and eperisone enantiomers were not separated with α- or β-cyclodextrin, or heparin as the chiral additive, but were separated with the new fucose-containing glycosaminoglycan. A variety of basic drug enantiomers were resolved using 2-5%(w/w) solution of the glycosaminoglycan in 10 mM phosphate buffer (final pH 5.0).
An Intermediate for Naphthoylnaphthvalene → Naphthoylnaphthalene Valence Isomerization Originating from the Lowest Excited Singlet State
Authors: Nakayama Toshihiro , Nagahara Tetsuhiko , Miki Sadao , Hamanoue Kumao 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
By measurements of the absorption, phosphorescence and transient absorption spectra, the photoproduct obtained by steady-state photolysis of the title compound (NNV) at 77 K is tentatively ascribed to a zwitterionic intermediate for NNV→naphthoylnaphthalene valence isomerization originating from the lowest excited singlet state.
Intracomplex Quenching by Copper(II) Ion of Excited Singlet and Triplet States of Zinc Myoglobin Modified with Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid
Authors: Tsukahara Keiichi , Kimura Chieko , Sakurai Takeshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Both excited singlet and triplet states of zinc myoglobin, whose lysine residue was modified with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, were quenched by copper(II) ions bound at the modified site.
Synthesis and Novel Spectroscopic Behavior Octahedral Bis(β-diketonato) Complexes of Paramagnetic Cr(III) and Ni(II) Ions Containing a Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical Chelate
Authors: Yoshida Takafumi , Kanamori Kan , Takamizawa Satoshi , Mori Wasuke , Kaizaki Sumio 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
New bis(β-diketonato)Cr(III) and Ni(II) complexes with a chelating nitronyl nitroxide radical were synthesized and characterized. The intensification and/or large Stokes shift of the spin-forbidden components and the charge transfer transitions revealed by the resonance Raman spectra in the visible region were found, which result from the moderate exchange coupling.
Structure and Stereodynamics of N-Methyl-N-9-triptycylacetamide: Pyramidal Amide Nitrogen in the Crystalline State
Authors: Yamamoto Gaku , Murakami Hiroaki , Tsubai Natsuko , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
N-Methyl-N-9-triptycylacetamide exists as the Z-isomer in the crystalline state and the amide nitrogen is considerably pyramidal, while in solution the compound exists as a mixture of E/Z isomers, the equilibrium being dependent on the solvent and the temperature.
Synthesis of Polynitrobenzene by Chemical Modification of Poly(N,N-dimethylaniline)
Authors: Zheng Haipeng , Zhang Ruifeng , Shen Jiacong 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Nitrification of poly(N,N-dimethylaniline)(PDMA) was carried out to synthesize a new kind of poly(phenylene)(PP) derivative–polynitrobenzene(PNB). Characterization of PNB and the determination of another product showed that in this reaction almost all the N,N-dimethyl groups on PDMA were replaced by the nitro groups without degradation. A possible mechanism of this special reaction has been put forward.
Practical Preparation of Size-Controlled Gold Nanoparticles in Water
Authors: Yonezawa Tetsu , Sutoh Mizuki , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Facile, safe and efficient preparation of stable dispersions of gold nanoparticle from tetrachloroaureic(III) ion is achieved by simultaneous addition of citrate as reductant and sodium 3-mercaptopropionate as stabilizer. No rigorous cleanliness is needed and the reductant is decomposed to CO2. The particle size can be controlled in the range between 2.3 nm and 10 nm.
Unique Behavior of a (Ind-P)n Ligand on the Substitution Reaction of {η5,η1-(Ind-P)n}RhCO with nBu3P
Authors: Kataoka Yasutaka , Saito Yoshinori , Shibahara Atsushi , Tani Kazuhide 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Several types of rhodium carbonyl complexes, {η5,η1-(Ind-P)n}RhCO [(Ind-P)n = C9H6(CH2)nPR2; n = 2-4; R = Ph or Cy (Cy = cyclohexyl)], have been prepared. The substitution of the carbonyl group of {η5,η1-(Ind-P)n=4}RhCO with nBu3P proceeded via a novel “lid-on-off” mechanism to afford {η5,η1-(Ind-P)n=4}Rh(nBu3P). However, the reaction of {η5,η1-(Ind-P)n}RhCO having an ethylene or a propylene spacer with nBu3P gave the addition products, {η3,η1-(Ind-P)n}Rh(CO)(nBu3P).
Highly Stereoselective Preparation of α-Glucosides Utilizing Anomerization Reaction with MgBr2·OEt2 and a Catalytic Amount of Titanium(IV)tetrahalides
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Takeuchi Kazuya , Uchiro Hiromi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The anomerization reactions of several β-d-glucopyranosides proceed smoothly in the coexistence of MgBr2·OEt2 and a catalytic amount of titanium(IV)halides to afford the corresponding α-d-glucopyranosides. The desired alkyl α-glucosides and α-anomer of disaccharides such as Glcα1-6Glc were obtained in high yields with high stereoselectivities.
Crystal Structure and Conducting Property of a Metallic Charge-Transfer Complex Based on a Novel Tellurophene-Extended [3]Radialene Acceptor
Authors: Tarutani Shinji , Mori Takehiko , Mori Hatsumi , Tanaka Shoji , Takahashi Kazuko 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A metallic charge-transfer complex of a novel tellurophene-extended [3]radialene type acceptor with TTF was prepared. The one-dimensional metallic conduction was proved to occur through the acceptor column by X-ray crystal analysis and thermoelectric power measurement.
Synthesis of a Mixed-Metal Cluster Complex of Rhenium and Nickel [Re3NiS4Cl6(PEt3)4]
Authors: Miyake Naofumi , Imoto Hideo , Saito Taro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Condensation of [Ni(cod)2] with a trinuclear rhenium chloro sulfido cluster complex prepared from [Re3S7Cl6]Cl and triethylphosphine forms a mixed metal cluster complex [Re3NiS4Cl6(PEt3)4]. The cluster complex has 17 metal cluster electrons and is paramagnetic. The four metal atoms form a cubane structure with face-capping sulfur atoms.
New Access to Cross-Coupling Reaction between Arylsilanes or Heteroarylsilanes and Aryl Halides Mediated by a Copper(I) Salt
Authors: Ito Hajime , Sensui Hiro-omi , Arimoto Kikuo , Miura Katsukiyo , Hosomi Akira 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Copper(I) salt can be used as a promoter for the cross-coupling reactions between aryl- or heteroarylsilanes and aryl halides without a fluoride ion. Under these mild conditions, even a substrate containing a fluoride ion-sensitive silyloxyl group was employed directly.
Ester-Mediated Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 2,3-Alkylidenedioxybenzoic Esters by Aryl Lithium Reagents
Authors: Koike Nobuyuki , Hattori Tetsutaro , Takeda Ayanobu , Okaishi Yoshikazu , Miyano Sotaro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Treatment of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl 2,3-methylenedioxybenzoate with several aryllithium reagents in diethyl ether at 0 °C affords 6-hydroxy-1,1′-biphenyl-2-carboxylates in good to excellent yields. Reaction of an (S)-(−)-2,3-ethylidenedioxybenzoic ester with 2-methoxy-4,6-dimethylphenyllithium induces R axial twist with not less than 81% diastereoselectivity in the biphenyl coupling.
Adsorptive Separation of Lead and Zinc Ions by Novel Type of Calix[4]arene Carboxylate Resin Immobilized with Polyallylamine
Authors: Ohto Keisuke , Tanaka Yuki , Inoue Katsutoshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Novel type of calix[4]arene carboxylate resin immobilized with polyallylamine has been prepared to investigate the adsorption behavior for lead and zinc ions. It was found that the resin possesses significantly higher separation efficiency for lead away from zinc. In the separation by means of column chromatography, it was confirmed to highly selectively adsorb trace amount of lead ion over large excess amount of zinc ion.
Cyclohexylenedithio Annelated Bis-Fused TTF Donors and Their Conducting Salts
Authors: Ashizawa Minoru , Aragaki Masanobu , Mori Takehiko , Misaki Yohji , Yamabe Tokio 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Bis-fused TTF(tetrathiafulvalene) derivatives with a cyclohexane ring 1a-c have been synthesized. One of their radical-cation salts (1b)2Au(CN)2 exhibits high conductivity σrt=160 Scm−1 and is metallic down to 120 K. Its structure consists of weakly dimerized columns with relatively small intercolumnar interactions.
Another Photochromism of a Spironaphtoxazine Due to the Geometric Isomerization of the Open-Form
Authors: Horii Toyokazu , Miyake Yoshinobu , Nakao Ren , Abe Yasuo 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The photodecoloration rate of colored spironaphtho[1,2-b]oxazine 2 was much slower than the corresponding [2,1-b]oxazine 1. Existence of another photochromic system between two of the open-form isomers of 2, in addition to the well-known one for 1 between the closed and the open forms, was proved.
Preparation of High Lithium Ion Conducting LiLnSiO4 (Ln = La, Sm) Thin Films by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Sato Mineo , Ueda Hirokazu , Ohara Yoichi , Uematsu Kazuyoshi , Toda Kenji 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A sol-gel method was applied to prepare thin films of LiLnSiO4 (Ln = La,Sm). The coating solution was made from lithium isopropoxide, silicon tetraethoxide, and tris(acetylacetonato)rare-earth. Well crystalline films with 0.1∼0.3 μm in thickness were obtained on alumina and quartz glass substrates by spin-coating, followed by firing over 400 °C. The lithium ionic conductivity of the films was much greater than that of sintered samples prepared by a conventional solid state reaction at 1000 °C.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-48 Mesoporous Zeolites at 328 K
Authors: Zhang Shu Guo , Fujii Yo , Yamashita Hiromi , Koyano Keiko , Tatsumi Takashi , Anpo Masakazu 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-48 mesoporous zeolites were prepared and investigations into the unprecedented use of these catalysts for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O at 328 K were carried out. Ti-mesoporous zeolites exhibited high photocatalytic reactivity for the formation of CH3OH, its reactivity being much higher than bulk TiO2.
Electron Spin Echo Investigation for Radicals Produced on ZnS Semiconductor Photocatalysts
Authors: Nosaka Yoshio , Nakaoka Yasuhiro , Ushida Kiminori , Kira Akira 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Pulsed electron spin resonance technique was applied to the investigation into radicals formed on photo-irradiated ZnS semiconductor powder. From the decay profile of the signal intensity of electron spin echo, the spin relaxation times for surface holes and Sn radicals were measured to be 1.2 and 6 μs, respectively.
Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-oxonene via 2,3-Epoxy-5-oxonene
Authors: Fujiwara Kenshu , Tsunashima Misa , Awakura Daisuke , Murai Akio 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Synthesis of 2r, 3t, 9t- and 2r, 3t, 9c-2,9-diethyl-3-hydroxy-5-oxonenes was achieved by the reduction of 2,9-diethyl-2,3-epoxy-5-oxonene which was prepared from 2,9-diethyl-2,5-oxonadiene and dimethyldioxirane. Stereoselective conversion of these 3-hydroxy-5-oxonenes was also described.
Binding Affinity of GM3 Lactone to Wheat Germ Agglutinin
Authors: Sato Toshinori , Ishii Megumi , Terabayashi Takashi , Kawanishi Yasuhiro , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Binding amounts and initial binding rates of Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) to GM3 lactone containing mixed monolayer were measured by using a quarts-crystal microbalance (QCM). GM3 lactone showed the higher initial binding rate and binding amount compared with the parent GM3.
Synthesis of Trinuclear Rhenium Halide Sulfide Cluster Complexes with Triethylphosphine Ligands [Re3(μ3-S)2(μ2-S)2(μ2-Br)Br2(PEt3)4] and [Re3(μ3-S)2(μ2-S)2(μ2-Cl)Cl3(PEt3)3]
Authors: Yamada Soichiro , Miyake Naofumi , Imoto Hideo , Saito Taro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The reactions of [Re3S7X6]X (X = Br, Cl) with triethylphosphine formed a 10 electron cluster complex [Re3(μ3-S)2(μ2-S)2(μ2-Br)Br2(PEt3)4] or a 9 electron cluster complex [Re3(μ3-S)2(μ2-S)2(μ2-Cl)Cl3(PEt3)3].
A New Approach to 5-Hydroxyindoles from 1,4-Cyclohexanedione
Authors: Ozaki Yutaka , Okamura Kyouko , Hosoya Ayako , Kim Sang-Won 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Several kinds of 2-substituted 5-hydroxyindoles were prepared by the procedure starting from the condensation of 1,4-cyclohexanedione with N-protected α-amino aldehydes in the presence of lithium chloride. The substitutent on 2-position of the indole ring system depends on that of the α-amino acid which was converted to the aldehyde.
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Polymerization of Bromophenylallenes and Sodium Malonates
Authors: Miyaki Nobuyuki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A trisubstituted poly(phenylene-vinylene) (Mn = 7700) was obtained in 67% yield by the coupling polymerization of p-bromophenylallene (1a) with sodium diethyl methylmalonate (2) at 80°C for 6h. Owing to the diethyl methylmalonate moieties in the side chain, the polymer is remarkably soluble in various organic solvents. From m-bromophenylallene (1b), a polymer was also obtained in high yield.
Reversible Control of Pitch of Induced Cholesteric Liquid Crystal by Optically Active Photochromic Fulgide Derivatives
Authors: Yokoyama Yasushi , Sagisaka Toshiya 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Mixtures of nematic 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl and (R)-2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl-condensed fulgide derivatives form stable cholesteric liquid crystalline states. Photochromic reactions of them induced the change of their cholesteric pitch reversibly.
Reaction of Tungsten Metal Powder with Hydrogen Peroxide to Form Peroxo Tungstates, An Useful Precursor of Proton Conductor
Authors: Nakajima Hitoshi , Kudo Tetsuichi , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The title reaction was investigated by 183W NMR, Raman and TOF-MASS spectroscopy. Peroxotungstates with peroxo/W = 2 and peroxo/W = 1 were formed. The latter compounds are previously unknown. The removal of hydrogen peroxide from the reaction solution by the decomposition with Pt net promoted the polymerization of these species.
Preparation of m-Acylphenol Derivatives by the Reaction of Tricarbonyl(cyclohexadienone)iron Complex and Higher Order Cuprates
Authors: Ban Sooho , Sakurai Hidehiro , Hayashi Yujiro , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Reaction of tricarbonyl[(2,3,4,5-η)-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-one]iron and higher order cuprates followed by the treatment with acetic anhydride and then with carbon monoxide affords tricarbonyl[(1,2,3,4-η)-1-acetoxy-5-endo-acyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene]iron complexes in good yield, which are converted to meta-acylphenol derivatives by the oxidation with trimethylamine N-oxide.
Characterization of Atomically Smooth Al Films by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Higo Morihide , Lu X , Mazur U , Hipps K W 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Atomically smooth Al films were prepared by vacuum evaporation on heated mica substrates at 350°C. The films consist of single crystals 270 nm in diameter with (111) faces and the crystals are oriented randomly about the [111] direction which is perpendicular to the substrate. The roughness of the Al film surfaces is 0.6 nm over 1 × 1 μm areas.
Chiral Recognition of Tetrahelicene Dicarboxylic Acid by Linear Dextrins
Authors: Kano Koji , Negi Shigeru , Takaoka Ryoko , Kamo Hisanobu , Kitae Takashi , Yamaguchi Masahiko , Okubo Hitoshi , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Recognition of the helicity of 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene-5,8-dicarboxylic acid (1) by linear oligosaccharides has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and capillary zone electrophoresis. Both methods, clearly indicate that maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, and maltoheptaose selectively complex with the (M)-isomer of 1 as a guest through hydrogen-bonding interaction in water.
Synthesis of Solid Solutions in a System of LiCoO2-Li2MnO3 for Cathode Materials of Secondary Lithium Batteries
Authors: Numata Koichi , Sakaki Chie , Yamanaka Shoji 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Lithium-manganese-cobalt oxide, Li(Lix/3MN2x/3Co1−x)O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) was prepared as a solid solution between the two kinds of layer structured end members, LiCoO2 and Li2MnO3. Excess lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide should be added to the mixture on calcination at 900 - 1000 °C to obtain the solid solutions. The resulting layer structured solid solutions can be used as a cathode material for secondary lithium batteries.
Efficient S1-S1 Radiationless Energy Transfer in Solid Cyclohexane and 1,4-Dioxane Solutions at Unusually Low Concentration
Authors: Mutai Toshiki , Araki Koji 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Singlet-singlet radiationless energy transfer between 6,6′-bis(diethylamino)-2,2′-bipyridine (1) and 3,3′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine (2) was observed at unusually low concentration (3 × 10−5 mol dm−3 of 1 with 10 mol% of 2) only in solid solutions of cyclohexane and 1,4-dioxane but not of methylcyclohexane, cyclohexanol, hexane, 3-methylpentane, cyclopentane, and tetrahydrofuran.