bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: clinical improvements observed in first off-label metreleptin treatment of a patient with atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hebebrand Johannes , Antel Jochen , Peters Triinu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOff-label metreleptin treatment resulted in cognitive, emotional and behavioral improvements of patients with anorexia nervosa, who presented with hypoleptinemia. We now report a case study of a 16-year-old female patient with atypical anorexia nervosa who was treated off-label with metreleptin for 11 days. She had lost 21 kg over 6 months. Her body mass index at referral for inpatient treatment was 20 kg/m2, her serum leptin level was just within the normal range (2.4 ng/ml). Dosing resulted in prominent improvements of mood and weight phobia entailing a comparatively brief inpatient treatment. The observed improvements are similar to those observed in patients with AN, suggesting overlapping mechanisms with respect to clinical effects induced by elevations of absolute or relative hypoleptinemia. Randomized controlled trials are warranted for both eating disorders.
Survival benefit of living donor kidney transplantation in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Goto Shunsuke , Fujii Hideki , Mieno Makiko , Yagisawa Takashi , Abe Masanori , Nitta Kosaku , Nishi Shinichi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Donors bravely donate their kidneys because they expect that living donor kidney transplantation (LKT) confers benefits to recipients. However, the magnitude of the survival benefit of LKT is uncertain.

Methods
This prospective cohort study used two Japanese nationwide databases for dialysis and kidney transplantation and included 862 LKT recipients and 285,242 hemodialysis (HD) patients in the main model and 5299 LKT recipients and 151,074 HD patients in the supplementary model. We employed time-dependent model in the main model and assessed the hazard ratio and the difference in the restricted mean survival time (RMST) between LKT recipients and HD patients. In the main analysis of the main model (LKT, N = 675; HD, N = 675), we matched LKT recipients with HD patients by age, sex, dialysis vintage, and cause of renal failure and excluded HD patients with dementia or performance status grades 2, 3, or 4.

Results
The median observational period was 8.00 (IQR 3.58–8.00) years. LKT was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality (hazard ratios (95% confidence interval (CI)), 0.50 (0.35–0.72)) and an increase in life expectancy (7-year RMST differences (95% CI), 0.48 (0.35–0.60) years) compared with HD. In subgroup analysis, the survival benefit of LKT was greater in female patients than in male patients in the Cox model; whereas older patients gained longer life expectancy compared with younger patients.

Conclusions
LKT was associated with better survival benefits than HD, and the estimated increase in life expectancy was 0.48 years for 7 years.
Using silvopastoral systems for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock in the Colombian Amazon
Authors: Mavisoy Henry , Vallejos Adrian Rolando Riascos , Narváez-Herrera Juan Pablo , Sánchez Álvaro , Fangueiro David , de Almeida André M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSilvopastoral systems (SPS) are strategic in neutralizing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in livestock production systems, particularly in the tropics. This research assessed the mitigation potential of SPS on the carbon footprint (CFP) neutralizing in one integrated livestock farm of cow-calf and pig production system in the Colombian Amazon. Annual carbon accumulation rate (ACAR) in MgCO2e ha−1y−1, was evaluated on living above-ground biomass including trees and shrubs > 2 cm DBH and pasture, and leaf litter and below-ground biomass including coarse and fine roots, soil organic carbon 0–10 cm deep, and total ACAR adding up all components in live fences (LF), scattered trees (ST), fallows (FW), fodder bank (FB) and pastures (PT). The GHG emissions in MgCO2e ha−1y−1 were accounted in CO2 from liming, urea, fuel, electricity, and supplementation, CH4 from enteric methane, manure, and organic fertilization and N2O from urine and manure. The C balance was obtained from the differences between ACAR of SPS on farm and the CFP per surface. Mean total ACAR expressed in MgC ha−1y−1 were 9.0 ± 4.6 in FW, 7.0 ± 1.2 in LF, 5.5 ± 0.8 in ST, 4.2 ± 0.2 in FB and 2.9 ± 0.1 in PT. Mean CFP was 3.7 MgCO2e ha−1y−1, 5.3 MgCO2e Live Weight ha−1y−1, and 23.6 MgCO2e Live Weight Gain y−1. The CFP (area) can be neutralized with total ACAR value of 2.1 ha−1 for LF, 1.6 ha−1 for FW, 2.6 ha−1 for ST, 3.5 ha−1 for FB and 5.1 ha−1 for PT. The Silvopastoral systems have a higher potential for neutralizing GHG emissions than pasture-based scenario when considering the ACAR in above-ground biomass.
Data-driven operator functional state classification in smart manufacturing
Authors: Besharati Moghaddam Fatemeh , Lopez Angel J. , Van Gheluwe Casper , De Vuyst Stijn , Gautama Sidharta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne of the main challenges in the industry is having trained and efficient operators in manufacturing lines. Smart adaptive guidance systems are developed that offer assistance to the operator during assembly. Depending on the operator’s level of execution, the system should be able to serve a different guidance response. This paper investigates the assessment and classification of the operator’s functional state using observed task execution times. Five different classifiers are studied for operator functional state classification on task execution time series. The experiments are based on an industry case and the ground truth is provided by an expert rule-based system. Three classification scenarios are defined that segment the problem on the level of the task, the individual, or the team. Furthermore, the investigation includes the evaluation of four distinct window-size configurations. The examination of how these scenarios and window-sizes influence the studied dataset across diverse classifiers reveals that achieving enhanced accuracy necessitates a larger input dimension. In this context, Convolutional Neural Networks predominantly exhibit superior performance compared to alternative classifiers. Careful attention needs to be paid to performance over classes and skills, but results confirm the validity of the approach for data-driven operator functional state classification.
Permission to pass: on the role of p53 as a gatekeeper for aneuploidy
Authors: Marques Joana F. , Kops Geert J. P. L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAneuploidy—the karyotype state in which the number of chromosomes deviates from a multiple of the haploid chromosome set—is common in cancer, where it is thought to facilitate tumor initiation and progression. However, it is poorly tolerated in healthy cells: during development and tissue homeostasis, aneuploid cells are efficiently cleared from the population. It is still largely unknown how cancer cells become, and adapt to being, aneuploid. P53, the gatekeeper of the genome, has been proposed to guard against aneuploidy. Aneuploidy in cancer genomes strongly correlates with mutations in TP53, and p53 is thought to prevent the propagation of aneuploid cells. Whether p53 also participates in preventing the mistakes in cell division that lead to aneuploidy is still under debate. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of p53 in protecting cells from aneuploidy, and we explore the consequences of functional p53 loss for the propagation of aneuploidy in cancer.
The interactive effect of endogenous and exogenous institutions on forest use practices in socio-culturally diverse landscapes of Cameroon
Authors: Mukong Alfred Kechia , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon , Alusoh Constantine Nwune 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In resource-dependent communities of sub-Saharan Africa, it is widely held that endogenous institutions either countervail or complement exogenous institutions, indicating inconsistency in empirical evidence. This has re-ignited interest to establish the independent and/or interactive effect of both endogenous and exogenous institutional structures. This paper quantitatively analyses the independent and interactive effects of community-based (endogenous) and state-based (exogenous) forest management institutions (FMIs) on the exploitation of forest resources, drawing from a representative sample of 446 households from three socio-culturally diverse landscapes of Cameroon. The paper introduces a multiplicative interaction term and used the heteroscedasticity-based instrumental variables approach to estimate the direct and indirect effects of exogenous and endogenous institutions on the behaviour of users of forest-based resources. The results indicate that: (i) Both exogenous structures of FMIs and the interaction term significantly constrain the extractive behaviour of forest resource users; (ii) endogenous structures and not rules are vital in improving the role of exogenous structures in forest resource management; (iii) while traditional rules are less significant in shaping forest resource exploitation, their effectiveness is highly significant across the study sites and (iv) institutional compatibility and complementarity was observed in landscapes that were formerly shaped by British colonial influence (Bakossi and Kilum-Ijim). This paper does not only establish the relative influence of exogenous and endogenous FMIs, it also highlights future research pathways on institutional change in the context of environmental resource management in sub-Saharan Africa.
Influence of perfluorohexyloctane (Evotears®) on higher order aberrations
Authors: Saad Amr , Frings Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To prospectively assess the effect of regular application of perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8; Evotears®) on the tear film lipid layer, higher order aberrations (HOA) and the repeatability of measurements in healthy eyes.

Methods
This prospective clinical study included 104 eyes treated with F6H8 four times daily for four weeks (group A) and 101 eyes that served as controls (group B). Measurements were performed with the WASCA aberrometer (Carl Zeiss Meditec GmbH, Jena, Germany). Main outcome measurement in addition to subjective refraction were the root mean square values of HOA measured before and after the intervention.

Results
Regular use of F6H8 over a period of four weeks significantly increases HOA in healthy eyes (p < 0.05). In addition, the repeatability of measurement increases after the application of F6H8.

Conclusion
F6H8 may be a suitable treatment option to improve the accuracy of refractive assessment, although it increases HOA. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect on HOA and the repeatability of measurement.
The distributional impact of structural transformation in rural India: case-study evidence and model-based simulation
Authors: Elbers Chris , Lanjouw Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe North Indian village of Palanpur has been the subject of close study over a period of six decades from 1957/8 to 2015. Himanshu et al. (2018) document the evolution of the village economy over this period and point to two distinct drivers of growth and distribution of income. An early period of agricultural intensification associated with the green revolution saw an expansion of irrigation and the introduction of new agricultural technologies, leading to rising incomes accompanied by falling poverty and fairly stable, or even declining, income inequality. From about the mid-1970s onwards, a cumulative process of non-farm diversification took hold, and was associated with further growth and poverty decline but also a significant rise in income inequality. Such a process of structural transformation has been observed more widely in rural India. We construct a simple model of a village economy that captures several of the salient features of the Palanpur economy and society, and that is able to reproduce the distributional outcomes observed in the village. Our analysis suggests that while non-farm diversification occurred alongside rising inequality, the counterfactual of no diversification would in fact be associated with an even greater increase. We suggest therefore that non-farm diversification has in fact helped to contain growth in inequality, and has played a particularly pronounced role in reducing poverty. To the extent that other villages in India share features similar to Palanpur, our findings may also hold elsewhere.
Anthrax in one health in Southern and Southeastern Europe - the effect of climate change?
Authors: Railean Viorica , Sobolewski Jarosław , Jaśkowski Jędrzej M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnthrax is a serious infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. The anthracis spores are highly resistant and can persist in the environment for several decades. Therefore, anthrax is considered a global health threat affecting wildlife, livestock, and the general public. The resistance mechanism is influenced not only by the environment or the ecological niche but also by virulence factors. In the last 10 years the Southern and Southeastern Europe have been confronted with this threat. Recently, there have been 8 human anthrax cases reported in Croatia (2022), and 4 cases in Romania (2023). Moreover, this incident and the COVID situation could be a starting point to encourage researchers to raise the alarm. On the other hand, climate change is causing glaciers to melt and land to thaw, and many wetlands and swampy areas are being drained. It should not be forgotten that epidemiological and epizootic threats significantly affect the country’s economic development. The Covid-19 epidemic best illustrates these threats.
Characterization of phytochemicals from twisted-leaf garlic (Allium obliquum L.) using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Böttcher Christoph , Bach Linh T. , Stürtz Melanie , Schulz Hartwig 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Twisted-leaf garlic (Allium obliquum L.) is a wild Allium species, which is traditionally used as aroma plant for culinary purposes due to its unique, garlic-like flavor. It represents an interesting candidate for domestication, breeding and cultivation.

Objectives
The objective of this work was to explore and comprehensively characterize polar and semi-polar phytochemicals accumulating in leaves and bulbs of A. obliquum.

Method
Plant material obtained from a multiyear field trial was analyzed using a metabolite profiling workflow based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-QTOFMS) and two chromatographic methods. For annotation of metabolites, tandem mass spectrometry experiments were carried out and the resulting accurate-mass collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra interpreted. Onion and garlic bulb extracts were used as reference samples.

Results
Important metabolite classes influencing nutritional, sensory and technological properties were detected and structurally characterized including fructooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3–5, S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides and other S-substituted cysteine conjugates, flavonoids including O- and C-glycosylated flavones as well as O-glycosylated flavonols, steroidal saponins, hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates, phenylethanoids and free sphingoid bases. In addition, quantitative data for non-structural carbohydrates, S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides and flavonoids are provided.

Conclusion
The compiled analytical data including CID mass spectra of more than 160 annotated metabolites provide for the first time a phytochemical inventory of A. obliquum and lay the foundation for its further use as aroma plant in food industry.
Unlocking the potential of microalgae cultivated on wastewater combined with salinity stress to improve biodiesel production
Authors: Osman Mohamed E. H. , Abo-Shady Atef M. , Gheda Saly F. , Desoki Samy M. , Elshobary Mostafa E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicroalgae have the potential as a source of biofuels due to their high biomass productivity and ability to grow in a wide range of conditions, including wastewater. This study investigated cultivating two microalgae species, Oocystis pusilla and Chlorococcus infusionum, in wastewater for biodiesel production. Compared to Kühl medium, KC medium resulted in a significant fold increase in cellular dry weight production for both O. pusilla and C. infusionum, with an increase of 1.66 and 1.39, respectively. A concentration of 100% wastewater resulted in the highest growth for O. pusilla, with an increase in biomass and lipid content compared to the KC medium. C. infusionum could not survive in these conditions. For further increase in biomass and lipid yield of O. pusilla, different total dissolved solids (TDS) levels were used. Maximum biomass and lipid productivities were achieved at 3000 ppm TDS, resulting in a 28% increase in biomass (2.50 g/L) and a 158% increase in lipid yield (536.88 mg/g) compared to KC medium. The fatty acid profile of O. pusilla cultivated on aerated wastewater at 3000 ppm TDS showed a high proportion of desirable saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) for biodiesel production. Cultivating microalgae in wastewater for biodiesel production can be cost-effective, especially for microalgae adapted to harsh conditions. It could be concluded that O. pusilla is a promising candidate for biodiesel production using wastewater as a growth medium, as it has high biomass productivity and lipid yield, and its fatty acid profile meets the standard values of American and European biodiesel standards. This approach offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for producing biofuels while reducing the environmental impact of wastewater disposal.
Surgical skill level classification model development using EEG and eye-gaze data and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Shafiei Somayeh B. , Shadpour Saeed , Mohler James L. , Sasangohar Farzan , Gutierrez Camille , Seilanian Toussi Mehdi , Shafqat Ambreen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop machine learning classification models using electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-gaze features to predict the level of surgical expertise in robot-assisted surgery (RAS). EEG and eye-gaze data were recorded from 11 participants who performed cystectomy, hysterectomy, and nephrectomy using the da Vinci robot. Skill level was evaluated by an expert RAS surgeon using the modified Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) tool, and data from three subtasks were extracted to classify skill levels using three classification models—multinomial logistic regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting (GB). The GB algorithm was used with a combination of EEG and eye-gaze data to classify skill levels, and differences between the models were tested using two-sample t tests. The GB model using EEG features showed the best performance for blunt dissection (83% accuracy), retraction (85% accuracy), and burn dissection (81% accuracy). The combination of EEG and eye-gaze features using the GB algorithm improved the accuracy of skill level classification to 88% for blunt dissection, 93% for retraction, and 86% for burn dissection. The implementation of objective skill classification models in clinical settings may enhance the RAS surgical training process by providing objective feedback about performance to surgeons and their teachers.
Analyzing Thalamocortical Tract-Tracing Experiments in a Common Reference Space
Authors: Timonidis Nestor , Rubio-Teves Mario , Alonso-Martínez Carmen , Bakker Rembrandt , García-Amado María , Tiesinga Paul , Clascá Francisco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCurrent mesoscale connectivity atlases provide limited information about the organization of thalamocortical projections in the mouse brain. Labeling the projections of spatially restricted neuron populations in thalamus can provide a functionally relevant level of connectomic analysis, but these need to be integrated within the same common reference space. Here, we present a pipeline for the segmentation, registration, integration and analysis of multiple tract-tracing experiments. The key difference with other workflows is that the data is transformed to fit the reference template. As a test-case, we investigated the axonal projections and intranuclear arrangement of seven neuronal populations of the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPM), which we labeled with an anterograde tracer. Their soma positions corresponded, from dorsal to ventral, to cortical representations of the whiskers, nose and mouth. They strongly targeted layer 4, with the majority exclusively targeting one cortical area and the ones in ventrolateral VPM branching to multiple somatosensory areas. We found that our experiments were more topographically precise than similar experiments from the Allen Institute and projections to the primary somatosensory area were in agreement with single-neuron morphological reconstructions from publicly available databases. This pilot study sets the basis for a shared virtual connectivity atlas that could be enriched with additional data for studying the topographical organization of different thalamic nuclei. The pipeline is accessible with only minimal programming skills via a Jupyter Notebook, and offers multiple visualization tools such as cortical flatmaps, subcortical plots and 3D renderings and can be used with custom anatomical delineations.
A Critical Assessment of Diagnostic Criteria for the Tall Cell Subtype of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma—How Much? How Tall? And When Is It Relevant?
Authors: Turchini John , Fuchs Talia L. , Chou Angela , Sioson Loretta , Clarkson Adele , Sheen Amy , Delbridge Leigh , Glover Anthony , Sywak Mark , Sidhu Stan , Gill Anthony J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTall cell papillary thyroid carcinoma (TC-PTC) is considered adverse histology. However, previous studies are confounded by inconsistent criteria and strong associations with other adverse features. It is therefore still unclear if TC-PTC represents an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis and, if it does, what criteria should be employed for the diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed 487 PTCs from our institution (where we have historically avoided the prospective diagnosis of TC-PTC) for both the height of tall cells (that is if the cells were two, or three, times as tall as wide) and the percentage of tall cells. On univariate analysis, there was significantly better disease free survival (DFS) in PTCs with no significant tall cell component (< 30%) compared to PTCs with cells two times tall as wide (p = 0.005). The proportion of tall cells (30–50% and > 50%) was significantly associated with DFS (p = 0.012). In a multivariate model including age, size, vascular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis, the current WHO tall cell criteria, met by 7.8% of PTCs, lacked statistical significance for DFS (p = 0.519). However, in the subset of tumours otherwise similar to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines low-risk category, WHO TC-PTC demonstrated a highly significant reduction in DFS (p = 0.004). In contrast, in intermediate to high-risk tumours, TC-PTC by WHO criteria lacked statistical significance (p = 0.384). We conclude that it may be simplistic to think of tall cell features as being present or absent, as both the height of the cells (two times versus three times) and the percentage of cells that are tall have different clinical significances in different contexts. Most importantly, the primary clinical significance of TC-PTC is restricted to PTCs that are otherwise low risk by ATA guidelines.