bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock Drift Acceleration of Electrons
Authors: Ball Lewis , Melrose D. B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe review the theory of shock drift acceleration, developing the theory in detail for gyrophaseaveraged particles. It is shown howboth the upstream and downstream velocity spaces separate into different regions according to the interaction of the particles with the shock (reflection, transmission, head-on, overtaking). The effects of the cross-shock electric field and of the magnetic overshoot are discussed. The effectiveness of acceleration is estimated for Maxwellian and power law distributions. The condition for a beam instability to be generated by reflected particles is determined and found to be independent of the distribution function for isotropic inflowing electrons.
Nonlinear Alfvén Waves in Weakly Ionised Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Cramer N. F. , Sakai J. I. , Vladimirov S. V. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effects of charged dust on the steepening of the fields in nonlinear Alfvén waves in astrophysical weakly ionised plasmas are investigated. It is found that the formation of current singularities in the wave due to nonlinear ambipolar diffusion is strongly modified by the effects of the dust. The basic modes for propagation along the magnetic field in a dusty plasma are highly dispersive and split by the anisotropy of the magnetic field into two modes that are oppositely circularly polarised rather than linearly polarised. The right hand circularly polarised wave experiences a cutoff due to the presence of the dust. We derive nonlinear fluid equations describing the dusty plasma, and make approximations for strong coupling of the dust to the neutrals, and for stationary dust. Numerical solution of the equations shows that a nonlinear wave with sharp current features due to ambipolar diffusion involves a rotation of the wave magnetic field about the direction of propagation, and an oscillation of the field components, due to the mode splitting effects of the dust. This is in contrast to the dust-free case, where the sharp reversal of the transverse magnetic field component occurs in a single plane.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Population III, and Stellar Genetics in the Galactic Halo
Authors: Ryan Sean G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe diverse isotopic and elemental signatures produced in different nucleosynthetic sites are passed on to successive generations of stars. By tracing these chemical signatures back through the stellar populations of the Galaxy, it is possible to unravel its nucleosynthetic history and even to study stars which are now extinct. This review considers recent applications of ‘stellar genetics’ to examine the earliest episodes of nucleosynthesis in the universe, in Population iii stars and the Big Bang.
Very High Energy γ-rays from AGN
Authors: Kifune Tadashi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEvidence of TeV γ-ray emission has been found for only a handful of active galactic nuclei, with detailed investigations limited to the blazars Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. TeV γ-ray astronomy, as the highest energy band, provides important information that is hard to obtain from longer wavelength electromagnetic radiation. The current status of TeV γ-ray studies of active galactic nuclei is summarized and our understanding of the high energy phenomena taking place in active galactic nuclei is outlined, with the prospects for future TeV γ-ray observations also considered.
Coherent Emission in AGN: A Critique
Authors: Melrose D. B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe inverse Compton (IC) limit, TB1012 K, on synchrotron sources places a severe limit on models for intraday variables. The conventional limit is relaxed for proton synchrotron emission, or when acceleration balances IC losses. Coherent emission avoids the limit entirely but introduces other difficulties that have been inadequately discussed.
Spectral Variability of BL Lac Objects
Authors: D'Amicis R. , Nesci R. , Massaro E. , Maesano M. , Montagni F. , D'Alessio F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe present the relation between optical luminosity and spectral slope for eight BL Lac objects (3C66A, PKS 0422+00, S5 0716+71, OJ 287, ON 231, OQ 530, S5 1803+78 and BL Lacertae), derived from B, V, R, and I observations spanning a time interval of about 5 years. Four objects show a marked correlation between spectral slope and luminosity, being bluer when brighter, while for the other four the correlation is weaker or absent. Possible explanations are briefly discussed in the framework of current models of the BL Lac phenomenon.
Microquasars: A Galactic-Extragalactic Connection?
Authors: Wu Kinwah , Stevens Jason A. , Hannikainen Diana C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMicroquasars are Galactic X-ray binaries which show radio emission from relativistic outflows. Here we argue that the origins of radio emission from microquasars and compact extragalactic radio sources are similar. In particular, both can be explained qualitatively by a model in which shocks are propagating in the relativistic jets. The microquasar GRO J1655–40 is used to illustrate that the spectral evolution of its 1994 radio outburst can be explained by the growth phase of the generalised-shock model, similar to the case of the quasar 3C 273.
Use of Fluoroquinolones in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Liver Failure
Authors: Kojima H. , Kaita K. D. E. , Hawkins K. , Uhanova J. , Minuk G. Y. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
Fluroquinolone antibiotics have been reported to have antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the present study, five patients with advanced liver disease secondary to chronic HCV received 500 mg daily of oral ciprofloxacin for 30 days. Serum HCV-RNA levels and liver enzyme abnormalities remained largely unchanged. Thus, the role of fluoroquinolones as antiviral agents for chronic HCV in patients with advanced liver disease appears to be limited.
Comparison of In Vitro Activities of Gatifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against Four Taxa of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
Authors: Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Wallace Richard J. , Crist Christopher J. , Mann Linda , Wilson Rebecca W. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

By using current NCCLS broth microdilution methods, we found that gatifloxacin inhibited 90% of the isolates of the
Mycobacterium fortuitum
group at ≤0.12 μg/ml and 90% of the
Mycobacterium chelonae
isolates at ≤4 μg/ml. Gatifloxacin was generally fourfold more active than ciprofloxacin. We recommend that both gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin be tested routinely against rapidly growing mycobacteria.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integration by Diketo Derivatives
Authors: Pluymers Wim , Pais Godwin , Van Maele Bénédicte , Pannecouque Christophe , Fikkert Valery , Burke Terrence R. , De Clercq Erik , Witvrouw Myriam , Neamati Nouri , Debyser Zeger 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

A series of diketo derivatives was found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase activity. Only L-708,906 inhibited the replication of HIV-1(III
B
) (50% effective concentration, 12 μM), HIV-1 clinical strains, HIV-1 strains resistant to reverse transcriptase or fusion inhibitors, HIV-2 (ROD strain) and simian immunodeficiency virus (MAC
251
). The combinations of L-708,906 with zidovudine, nevirapine, or nelfinavir proved to be subsynergistic. In cell culture, addition of L-708,906 could be postponed for 7 h after infection, a moment coinciding with HIV integration. Inhibition of integration in cell culture was confirmed by quantitative Alu-PCR.
Effects of the Des-F(6)-Quinolone Garenoxacin (BMS-284756), in Comparison to Those of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin, on Joint Cartilage in Immature Rats
Authors: Kappel Eva Maria , Shakibaei Mehdi , Bello Akintunde , Stahlmann Ralf 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
We did not observe signs of chondrotoxicity in immature rats treated orally with garenoxacin (BMS-284756) at doses up to five times 600 mg/kg of body weight or with ciprofloxacin, whereas ofloxacin induced typical cartilage lesions. The peak plasma garenoxacin concentration was 25.5 mg/liter after administration of a dose of 600 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. Assuming that this model is predictive of human risk, BMS-284756 and ciprofloxacin should be more suitable for pediatric use than ofloxacin.
Graphs which have pancyclic complements
Authors: Straight H. Joseph 
Published: September 2002

Let p and q denote the number of vertices and edges of a graph G, respectively. Let Δ(G) denote the maximum degree of G, and the complement of G. A graph G of order p is said to be pancyclic if G contains a cycle of each length n, 3 ≤ n ≤ p. For a nonnegative integer k, a connected graph G is said to be of rank k if q = p − 1 + k. (For k equal to 0 and 1 these graphs are called trees and unicyclic graphs, respectively.)In 1975, I posed the following problem: Given k, find the smallest positive integer pk, if it exists, such that whenever G is a rank k graph of order p ≤ pk and Δ(G) < p − 2 then is pancyclic. In this paper it is shown that a result by Schmeichel and Hakiml (2) guarantees that pk exists. It is further shown that for k = 0, 1, and 2, pk = 5, 6, and 7, respectively.
Isomorphs of a class of Queueing systems
Authors: Ghosal A. , Madan Sudhir 
Published: September 2002

Restricted isomorphism between two queueing systems implies that they have equivalent distribution function for at least one (but not all) output elements (e.g. waiting time, queue size, idle time, etc.). Quasi‐isomorphism implies an approximate equivalence. Most of the single‐server queueing systems can be approximated by a quasi‐isomorphic system which has a gamma inter‐arrival and gamma service distributions (Ep/Eq/1).This paper deals with the derivation of simpler isomorphs (in quasi‐restricted sense) for such gamma‐gamma (Ep/Eq/1) systems.
A stability theory for perturbed differential equations
Authors: Gordon Sheldon P. 
Published: September 2002

The problem of determining the behavior of the solutions of a perturbed
differential equation with respect to the solutions of the original unperturbed differential equation is studied. The general differential equation considered is

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm589604:ijmm589604-math-0001

and the associated perturbed differential equation is

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm589604:ijmm589604-math-0002

.The approach used is to examine the difference between the respective solutions F(t, t0, x0) and G(t, t0, y0) of these two differential equations. Definitions paralleling the usual concepts of stability, asymptotic stability, eventual stability, exponential stability and instability are introduced for the difference G(t, t0, y0) − F(t, t0, x0) in the case where the initial values y0 and x0 are sufficiently close. The principal mathematical technique employed is a new modification of Liapunov′s Direct Method which is applied to the difference of the two solutions. Each of the various stabillty‐type properties considered is then shown to be guaranteed by the existence of a Liapunov‐type function with appropriate properties.
Subsemi‐Eulerian graphs
Authors: Suffel Charles , Tindell Ralph , Hoffman Cynthia , Mandell Manachem 
Published: September 2002

A graph is subeulerian if it is spanned by an eulerian supergraph. Boesch, Suffel and Tindell have characterized the class of subeulerian graphs and determined the minimum number of additional lines required to make a subeulerian graph eulerian.In this paper, we consider the related notion of a subsemi‐eulerian graph, i.e. a graph which is spanned by a supergraph having an open trail containing all of its lines. The subsemi‐eulerian graphs are characterized and formulas for the minimum number of required additional lines are given. Interrelationships between the two problems are stressed as well.
On contact CR‐submanifolds of sasakian manifolds
Authors: Matsumoto Koji 
Published: September 2002

Recently, K.Yano and M.Kon [5] have introduced the notion of a contact
CR‐submanifold of a Sasakian manifold which is closely similar to the one of a CR‐submanifold of a Kaehlerian manifold defined by A. Bejancu [1].In this paper, we shall obtain some fundamental properties of contact CR‐submanifolds of a Sasakian manifold. Next, we shall calculate the length of the second
fundamental form of a contact CR‐product of a Sasakian space form (THEOREM 7.4). At last, we shall prove that a totally umbilical contact CR‐submanifold satisfying certain conditions is totally geodesic in the ambient manifold (THEOREM 8.1).
Some invariant theorems on geometry of Einstein non‐symmetric field theory
Authors: Shu-Lin Liu , Sen-Lin Xu 
Published: September 2002

This paper generalizes Einstein′s theorem. It is shown that under the
transformation

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm140940:ijmm140940-math-0001

,
curvature tensor , Ricci tensor Sik(U), and scalar curvature S(U) are all invariant, where Λ = Λjdxj is a closed 1‐differential form on an n‐dimensional manifold M.It is still shown that for arbitrary U, the transformation that makes curvature tensor (or Ricci tensor Sik(U)) invariant

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm140940:ijmm140940-math-0004

must be TΛ transformation, where V (its components are ) is a second order differentiable covariant tensor field with vector value.
On mixed finite element techniques for elliptic problems
Authors: Noor M. Aslam 
Published: September 2002

The main aim of this paper is to consider the numerical approximation of
mildly nonlinear elliptic problems by means of finite element methods of mixed type. The technique is based on an extended variational principle, in which the constraint of interelement continuity has been removed at the expense of introducing a Lagrange multiplier.It is shown that the saddle point, which minimizes the energy functional over the product space, is characterized by the variational equations. The eauivalence is used in deriving the error estimates for the finite element approximations. We give an example of a mildly nonlinear elliptic problem and show how the error estimates can be obtained from the general results.
Some generating functions of modified Bessel polynomials from theview point of Lie group
Authors: Chongdar Asit Kumar 
Published: September 2002

In this paper we have derived a class of bilateral generating relation for modified Bessel polynomials from the view point of Lie group. An application of our theorem is also pointed out.Corrigendum: Some generating functions of modifed Bessel polynomials from the view point of Lie groupdx.doi.org/10.1155/S0161171286000790
Trigonometric identities
Authors: Baica Malvina 
Published: September 2002

In this paper the author obtains new trigonometric identities of the form which are derived as a result of relations in a cyclotomic field ℛ(ρ), where ℛ is the field of rationals and ρ is a root of unity.Those identities hold for every positive integer p ≥ 3 and any proof avoiding cyclotomic fields could be very difficult, if not insoluble. Two formulas

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm645192:ijmm645192-math-0002

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm645192:ijmm645192-math-0003

stated only by Gauss in a slightly different form without a proof, are obtained and used in this paper in order to give some numeric applications of our new trigonometric identities.
Lamb′s plane problem in a thermo‐elastic micropolar medium with stretch
Authors: Chadha T. K. , Kumar Rajneesh , Bebnath Lokenath 
Published: September 2002

A study is made of the Lamb plane problem in a thermo‐elastic micropolar medium with the effect of stretch. The problem is solved for an arbitrary, normal load distribution by using the double Fourier transform. The displacement components, force stress, couple stress, vector first moment and the temperature field are determined for a half space subjected to an arbitrary normal load. Two special cases of a horizontal force and a torque which are oscillating with a frequency ω have been investigated. It is shown that results of this analysis reduce to those without stretch.Corrigendum to “Lamb′s plane problem in a thermo-elastic micropolar medium with stretch”dx.doi.org/10.1155/S0161171288000936
On the quasiuniqueness of solutions of degenerate equations in Hilbert space
Authors: Schuchman Vladimir 
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we study the quasiuniqueness (i.e., f1≐f2 if f1 − f2 is flat, the function f(t) being called flat if, for any K > 0, t−kf(t) → 0 as t → 0) for ordinary differential equations in Hilbert space. The case of inequalities is studied, too.The most important result of this paper is this:THEOREM 3. Let B(t) be a linear operator with domain DB and B(t) = B1(t) + B2(t) where (B1(t)x, x) is real and Re(B2(t)x, x) = 0 for any x ∈ DB. Let for any x ∈ DB the following estimate hold:

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm512093:ijmm512093-math-0001

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm512093:ijmm512093-math-0002

. If u(t) is a smooth flat solution of the following inequality in the interval t ∈ I = (0, 1].

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm512093:ijmm512093-math-0003

with non‐negative continuous function ϕ(t), then u(t) ≡ 0 in I. One example with self‐adjoint B(t) is given, too.
Modified boundary integral method for pressure driven MHD duct flow
Authors: Aggarwala B. D. , Ariel P. D. 
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we investigate the flow of a viscous, Incompressible,
electrically conducting fluid through a rectangular duct in the presence of a magnetic
field, when one of the boundaries perpedicular to the magnetic field is partly
conducting and partly Insulating, by a modified Boundary Integral Method.Three problems are considered (i) flow through an infinite channel, (ii) flow
through a rectangular duct when the conducting part is symmetrically situated, and
(iii) flow through a rectangular duct when the conducting part is arbltrarily
positioned.Such problems have been studied before by asymptotic means for large values of M,
the Hartmann number. Hoverer, the present modification of the Boundary Integral
Method renders the problem computationally efficient and provides a reliable numerical
solution for all values of M. For large M, our coputation time decreases
significantly.
On semi‐homeomorphisms
Authors: Lee J. P. 
Published: September 2002

In the first part of our work we show a condition for a semi‐homeomorphism in the sense of Crossley and Hildebrand (s.h.C.H) to be a semi‐homeomorphism in the sense of Biswas (s.h.B). Certain relevant examples are provided. Next, we define strong semi‐homeomorphisms Via nice restrictions of semi‐homeomorphisms (global condition) and we show that the new class of functions actually coincides with semi‐homeomorphisms. Then, in the third part we introduce local semi‐homeomorphisms (l.s.h.C.H.) via a corresponding local condition for restrictions. A few results pertaining to the preservation of some topological
properties under this new class of functions are examined.On semi-homeomorphisms (corrigendum)dx.doi.org/10.1155/S016117129100114X
Time—periodic weak solutions
Authors: de Brito Eliana Henriques 
Published: September 2002

In continuing from previous papers, where we studied the existence and uniqueness of the global solution and its asymptotic behavior as time t goes to infinity, we now search for a time‐periodic weak solution u(t) for the equation whose weak formulation in a Hilbert space H is

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm464936:ijmm464936-math-0001

where: ′ = d/dt; (′) is the inner product in H; b(u, v), a(u, v) are given forms on subspaces U ⊂ W, respectively, of H; δ > 0, α ≥ 0, β ≥ 0 are constants and α + β > 0; G is the Gateaux derivative of a convex functional J : V ⊂ H → [0, ∞) for V = U, when α > 0 and V = W when α = 0, hence β > 0; v is a test function in V; h is a given function of t with values in H.Application is given to nonlinear initial‐boundary value problems in a bounded domain of Rn.
Some topologies on the set of lattice regular measures
Authors: Stratigos Panagiotis D. 
Published: September 2002

We consider the general setting of A.D. Alexandroff, namely, an arbitrary set X and an arbitrary lattice of subsets of X, ℒ. 𝒜(ℒ) denotes the algebra of subsets of X generated by ℒ and MR(ℒ) the set of all lattice regular, (finitely additive) measures on 𝒜(ℒ).First, we investigate various topologies on MR(ℒ) and on various important subsets of MR(ℒ), compare those topologies, and consider questions of measure repleteness whenever it is appropriate.Then, we consider the weak topology on MR(ℒ), mainly when ℒ is δ and normal, which is the usual Alexandroff framework. This more general setting enables us to extend various results related to the special case of Tychonoff spaces, lattices of zero sets, and Baire measures, and to develop a systematic procedure for obtaining various topological measure theory results on specific subsets of MR(ℒ) in the weak topology with ℒ a particular topological lattice.
Torsional vibrations of nonhomogeneous magnetostrictive elastic circular cylinder
Authors: Abd-Alla A. N. , Debnath Lokenath 
Published: September 2002

This paper is concerned with the torsional vibrations of a nonhomogeneous magnetostrictive elastic cylinder. The cylinder is subjected to the action of a circumferential magnetic field produced by an axial current of constant density and the deformation of a magnetostrictive cylinder is produced by a constant longitudinal magnetic field. The frequency equation is determined, and the displacement and stress components are numerically calculated with graphical presentations.Corrigendum to
“Torsional vibrations of nonhomogeneous magnetostrictive elastic circular cylinder”dx.doi.org/10.1155/S0161171294000785
Decay of solutions of a nonlinear hyperbolic system in noncylindrical domain
Authors: Rabello Tania Nunes 
Published: September 2002

In this paper we study the existence of solutions of the following nonlinear hyperbolic svstem

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm425794:ijmm425794-math-0001

where Q is a noncylindrical domain of ℝn+1 with lateral boundary Σ, u − (u1, u2) a vector defined on Q, {A(t),    0 ≤ t ≤ +∞} is a family of operators in , where A(t)u = (A(t)u1, A(t)u2) and G : ℝ2 → ℝ2 a continuous function such that x.G(x) ≥ 0, for x ∈ ℝ2.Moreover, we obtain that the solutions of the above system with dissipative term u′ have exponential decay.
Existence of weak solutions for abstract hyperbolic‐parabolic equations
Authors: Clark Marcondes Rodrigues 
Published: September 2002

In this paper we study the Existence and Uniqueness of solutions for the following Cauchy problem:

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm283109:ijmm283109-math-0001

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm283109:ijmm283109-math-0002

where A1 and A2 are bounded linear operators in a Hilbert space H, {A(t)}0≤t≤T is a family of self‐adjoint operators, M is a non‐linear map on H and f is a function from (0, T) with values in H.As an application of problem (1) we consider the following Cauchy problem:

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm283109:ijmm283109-math-0003

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm283109:ijmm283109-math-0004

where Q is a cylindrical domain in ℝ4; k1 and k2 are bounded functions defined in an open bounded set Ω ⊂ ℝ3,

urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm283109:ijmm283109-math-0005

where aij and are bounded functions on Ω and f is a function from (0, T) with values in L2(Ω).