bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors for Lung Cancer and the Risk of Keratitis
Authors: Huang Pin-Chia , Lin Ching-Chieh , Dana Reza , Ma Kevin Sheng-Kai 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceEpidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRis) have been reported to be associated with cutaneous and ocular side effects; however, there is limited evidence of an association between EGFRi treatment and keratitis.ObjectiveTo determine the association between EGFRi treatment and agents and the risk of new-onset keratitis among patients with lung cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis US population–based cohort study examined TriNetX data of patients with lung cancer treated with or without EGFRis between May 1, 2003, and October 30, 2023.ExposuresTreatment with EGFRis, including the first-generation agents gefitinib and erlotinib, the second-generation agent afatinib, and the third-generation agent osimertinib.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe risk of new-onset keratitis among patients with lung cancer receiving EGFRi treatment was determined using logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAmong 1 388 108 patients with lung cancer, 22 225 received EGFRis (mean [SD] age, 69.7 [10.6] years; 62.8% females and 37.2% males). Patients treated with EGFRis had a higher risk of keratitis than nonexposed patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.520; 95% CI, 1.339-1.725). Subtypes of EGFRi-associated keratitis included keratoconjunctivitis (HR, 1.367; 95% CI, 1.158-1.615), superficial keratitis (HR, 1.635; 95% CI, 1.306-2.047), and corneal ulcer (HR, 2.132; 95% CI, 1.515-3.002). Patients taking afatinib had a higher risk of keratitis (HR, 2.229; 95% CI, 1.480-3.356).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that patients with lung cancer treated with EGFRis may have an increased risk of new-onset keratitis, especially with the second-generation EGFRi afatinib, supporting the need for prompt diagnosis and management of EGFRi-associated ocular issues to prevent serious complications or treatment disruptions.
Quantifying factors that explain the slopes of the temporal Taylor's law of Hokkaido vole populations
Authors: Saitoh Takashi , Cohen Joel E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTaylor's law (TL) describes the relationship between the variance and mean of population density: log10(variance) ≈ log10(a) + b × log10(mean), a > 0. This study analyzed the temporal TL, for which mean and variance are calculated over time, separately for each population in a collection of populations, considering the effects of the parameters of the Gompertz model (a second‐order autoregressive time‐series model) and the skewness of the density frequency distribution. Time series of 162 populations of the gray‐sided vole in Hokkaido, Japan, spanning 23–31 years, satisfied the temporal TL: log10(variancej) ≈ 0.199 + 1.687 × log10(meanj). This model explained 62% of the variation of log10(variancej). An extended model with explanatory variables log10(meanj), the density‐dependent coefficient for 1‐year lag (α1,j), that for 2‐year lag (α2,j), the density‐independent variability (σj2), and the skewness (γj), explained 93.9% of the log10(variancej) variation. In the extended model, the coefficient of log10(meanj) was 1.949, close to the null value (b = 2) of the TL slope. The standardized partial regression coefficients indicated that density‐independent effects (σj2 and γj) dominated density‐dependent effects (α1,j and α2,j) apart from log10(meanj). The negative correlations observed between σj2 and log10(meanj), and between γj and log10(meanj), played an essential role in explaining the difference between the estimated slope of TL (b = 1.687) and the null slope (b = 2). The effects of those explanatory variables on log10(variancej) were interpreted based on the theory of a second‐order autoregressive time‐series model.
Off‐isocentric VMAT technique for breast cancer: Effective dose reduction to organs at risk and its applicability based on patient anatomy
Authors: Prokofev Igor , Salim Nidal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to explore the off‐isocentric volumetric modulated arc therapy (offVMAT) technique for breast cancer and determine its applicability based on patient anatomical parameters.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 44 breast cancer patients with varied lymph node involvement using different arc designs. Off‐isocentric techniques were benchmarked against previously published arc techniques: classic arcs (clVMAT), tangential arcs (tVMAT), and split arcs (spVMAT). During optimization, target coverage was made for all plans as close as possible to the criteria D99% > 95% and Dmax < 110% of the prescribed dose. A novel patient categorization, based on anatomical parameters (auxiliary structures) rather than lymph node involvement, is introduced. This categorization considers the volume of ipsilateral organs at risk (OARs) adjacent to the target. A binary regression model was developed on these anatomical parameters. It predicts the likelihood of offVMAT (P[offVMAT]) achieving better criteria.ResultsUsing the regression model, patients were divided into two groups: P(offVMAT) > 0.5 and P(offVMAT) < 0.5. For the P(offVMAT) > 0.5 group, most tVMAT plans are unable to achieve the clinical objectives. Comparing offVMAT with spVMAT, offVMAT exhibited better dose parameters for the heart (V20, V10, and D2 are 7.1, 2.4, and 1.5 times lower respectively), ipsilateral lung (V20, V10, V5 and the mean dose are 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, and 1.2 times lower respectively). The average doses to the contralateral side are consistent. In the P(offVMAT) < 0.5 group, the tVMAT technique showed increased doses at medium and high levels, yet reduced doses in contralateral OARs compared to spVMAT and offVMAT. spVMAT showed lower doses in the contralateral lung relative to the offVMAT technique, while clVMAT trailed in both groups. Validation of the model yielded a 90% accuracy rate.ConclusionsThe new off‐isocentric breast planning technique effectively reduces doses to ipsilateral OARs, maintaining acceptable contralateral mean doses. This technique has an advantage over other techniques for patients with intricate anatomies. It is evaluated using anatomical parameters, which are also used to build binary regression model, which shows the dependence of anatomical parameters on whether offVMAT is preferred for individual patients. Also, such anatomical parameters provide a more objective and precise comparison between different planning techniques.
Repeated iv anti‐CD20 treatment in multiple sclerosis: Long‐term effects on peripheral immune cell subsets
Authors: Feige Julia , Moser Tobias , Akgün Katja , Schwenker Kerstin , Hitzl Wolfgang , Haschke‐Becher Elisabeth , Ziemssen Tjalf , Sellner Johann 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveRepeated intravenous administration of anti‐CD20 depleting monoclonal antibodies 6 months apart is among the highly effective treatment options in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we aimed to investigate peripheral immune cell subset depletion kinetics following either rituximab (RTX) or ocrelizumab (OCR) infusions in people with MS (pwMS).MethodsWe studied pwMS treated de‐novo with either RTX (n = 7) or OCR (n = 8). The examinations were scheduled before the initiation of anti‐CD20 therapy and every 12 weeks for up to 15 months. Immunophenotyping of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood was performed by multiparametric fluorescence cytometry.ResultsA significant, persistent decrease of CD19+ B cells was observed already with the first anti‐CD20 infusion (p < 0.0001). A significant proportional reduction of memory B cells within the B‐cell pool was achieved only after two treatment cycles (p = 0.005). We observed a proportional increase of immature (p = 0.04) and naive B cells (p = 0.004), again only after the second treatment cycle. As for the peripheral T‐cell pool, we observed a continuous proportional increase of memory T helper (TH) cells/central memory TH cells (p = 0.02/p = 0.008), while the number of regulatory T cells (Treg) decreased (p = 0.007). The percentage of B‐cell dependent TH17.1 central memory cells dropped after the second treatment cycle (p = 0.02). No significant differences in the depletion kinetics between RTX and OCR were found.InterpretationPeripheral immune cell profiling revealed more differentiated insights into the prompt and delayed immunological effects of repeated intravenous anti‐CD20 treatment. The observation of proportional changes of some pathogenetically relevant immune cell subsets only after two infusion cycles deserves further attention.
Extracellular Vesicular Analysis of Glypican 1 mRNA and Protein for Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Li Hong , Chiang Chi‐Ling , Kwak Kwang Joo , Wang Xinyu , Doddi Sital , Ramanathan Lakshmi V. , Cho Sun M. , Hou Ya‐Chin , Cheng Tai‐Shan , Mo Xiaokui , Chang Yueh‐Shih , Chang Hui‐Lan , Cheng Weiming , Tsai Wei‐Ni , Nguyen Luong T. H. , Pan Junjie , Ma Yifan , Rima Xilal Y. , Zhang Jingjing , Reategui Eduardo , Chu Yeh‐Shiu , Chang Peter Mu‐Hsin , Chang Pei‐Hung , Huang Chi‐Ying F. , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Shan Yan‐Shen , Li Chung‐Pin , Fleisher Martin , Lee L. James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDetecting pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in its early stages and predicting late‐stage patient prognosis undergoing chemotherapy is challenging. This work shows that the activation of specific oncogenes leads to elevated expression of mRNAs and their corresponding proteins in extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in blood. Utilizing an immune lipoplex nanoparticle (ILN) biochip assay, these findings demonstrate that glypican 1 (GPC1) mRNA expression in the exosomes‐rich (Exo) EV subpopulation and GPC1 membrane protein (mProtein) expression in the microvesicles‐rich (MV) EV subpopulation, particularly the tumor associated microvesicles (tMV), served as a viable biomarker for PDAC. A combined analysis effectively discriminated early‐stage PDAC patients from benign pancreatic diseases and healthy donors in sizable clinical from multiple hospitals. Furthermore, among late‐stage PDAC patients undergoing chemotherapy, lower GPC1 tMV‐mProtein and Exo‐mRNA expression before treatment correlated significantly with prolonged overall survival. These findings underscore the potential of vesicular GPC1 expression for early PDAC screenings and chemotherapy prognosis.
A Review on Magnetic Smart Skin as Human–Machine Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Chen Guangyuan , Jin Zhenhu , Chen Jiamin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there is a meteoric rise in the prevalence of electronic wearables, and flexible wearables have attracted tremendous attention in human–machine interfaces due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low‐cost. Flexible magnetic smart skin is part of this rapidly progressing field of flexible wearable electronics, which has paved the way for a new path for human perceptual development, as they may form a new perception, also known as magnetic sense, that is, the capacity to detect and interact with magnetic fields. In this review, the concept of the magnetic smart skin is defined: magnetoelastomers and flexible magnetic sensors. In magnetoelastomers, different sources of magnetic field, structures, and applications are summarized by recent and renowned research. In flexible magnetic sensors, different flexible substrates, sensor types, and applications are also summarized. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of magnetic smart skin in human–machine interfaces.
Multiple roles of agricultural cooperatives in improving farm technical efficiency: A case study of rural Gansu, China
Authors: Li Xinyi , Ito Junichi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe establishment of agricultural cooperatives is widely viewed as an institutional arrangement to remove constraints that prevent smallholders from accessing profitable business opportunities in agriculture. Agricultural cooperatives in China offer a wide range of services within the framework of contract farming and vertical integration. This study empirically examines the multiple roles of China's cooperatives in improving farm production efficiency and conserving the agricultural environment. Considering that agricultural cooperatives' services can be broadly divided into biological and machinery services, we specify a stochastic frontier production function in a special form, called the separated Cobb–Douglas. The empirical results present clear evidence that Chinese agricultural cooperatives play essential roles in increasing biochemical technical efficiency and protecting the agroecological environment. However, the involvement of cooperatives as vertical integrators is demonstrated to have a detrimental effect on biochemical technical efficiency. The pressing challenge for agricultural cooperative development in China is to accommodate the conflicting consequences that their entry into farming has on biochemical and machinery technical efficiencies. This has strong policy implications, although our study has certain limitations in terms of the narrow focus on a single specific region. [EconLit Citations: C26, Q12, Q13, Q15, Q18].
A Metal‐Free System for Conversion of Alcohols to Amides Using tert‐Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Indurthi Harish K. , Das Samarpita , Saha Pallavi , Sharma Deepak K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA transition metal‐free cascade synthesis of amides from alcohols was developed. Various alcohols reacted with N‐hydroxyimides by tert‐butyl nitrite to generate N‐hydroxyimide esters. The resulting active esters were subsequently reacted with amines to generate amides in one pot. Further, we have illustrated the application of the developed protocol in synthesizing anti‐Alzheimer compounds. A detailed mechanistic exploration was also carried out.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Carbonylation towards Chiral Isoindolinones
Authors: Teng Ming‐Ya , Wu Yong‐Jie , Chen Jia‐Hao , Huang Fan‐Rui , Liu De‐Yang , Yao Qi‐Jun , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H carbonylation with carbon monoxide, an essential and easily available C1 feedstock, remains challenging. Here, we disclosed an unprecedented enantioselective C−H carbonylation catalyzed by inexpensive and readily available cobalt(II) salt. The reactions proceed efficiently through desymmetrization, kinetic resolution, and parallel kinetic resolution, affording a broad range of chiral isoindolinones in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 92 % yield and 99 % ee). The synthetic potential of this method was demonstrated by asymmetric synthesis of biological active compounds, such as (S)‐PD172938 and (S)‐Pazinaclone. The resulting chiral isoindolinones also serve as chiral ligands in cobalt‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H annulation with alkynes to construct phosphorus stereocenter.
pH‐Controlled Reversible Folding of Copolymers via Formation of β‐sheet Secondary Structures
Authors: Sbordone Federica , Micallef Aaron , Frisch Hendrik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein functions are enabled by their perfectly arranged 3D structure, which is the result of a hierarchical intramolecular folding process. Sequence‐defined polypeptide chains form locally ordered secondary structures (i.e., α‐helix and β‐sheet) through hydrogen bonding between the backbone amides, shaping the overall tertiary structure. To generate similarly complex macromolecular architectures based on synthetic materials, a plethora of strategies have been developed to induce and control the folding of synthetic polymers. However, the degree of complexity of the structure‐driving ensemble of interactions demonstrated by natural polymers is unreached, as synthesizing long sequence‐defined polymers with functional backbones remains a challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of hybrid peptide‐N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide copolymers via radical Ring‐Opening Polymerization (rROP) of peptide containing macrocycles. The resulting synthetic polymers contain sequence‐defined regions of β‐sheet encoding amino acid sequences. Exploiting the pH responsiveness of the embedded sequences, protonation or deprotonation in water induces self‐assembly of the peptide strands at an intramacromolecular level, driving polymer chain folding via formation of β‐sheet secondary structures. We demonstrate that the folding behavior is sequence dependent and reversible.
Designing Efficient Single Metal Atom Biocatalysts at the Atomic Structure Level
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Huan , Zhao Yanli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVarious nanomaterials as biocatalysts could be custom‐designed and modified to precisely match the specific microenvironment of diseases, showing a promise in achieving effective therapy outcomes. Compared to conventional biocatalysts, single metal atom catalysts (SMACs) with maximized atom utilization through well‐defined structures offer enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity. Currently, there is still a gap in a comprehensive overview of the connection between structures and biocatalytic mechanisms of SMACs. Therefore, it is crucial to deeply investigate the role of SMACs in biocatalysis from the atomic structure level and to elucidate their potential mechanisms in biocatalytic processes. In this minireview, we summarize catalysis regulation methods of SMACs at the atomic structure level, focusing on the optimization of catalytic active sites, coordination environment, and active site‐support interactions, and briefly discuss biocatalytic mechanisms for biomedical applications.
Emergency front of neck access in the management of acute airway obstruction secondary to postoperative neck haematoma
Authors: Penston V. , White S. , Safar M. , Groom P. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAirway compromise is the most significant complication of a postoperative neck haematoma. Here, we report the management of a case of complete airway obstruction secondary to an acute neck haematoma arising after radical neck dissection, partial glossectomy and a free flap reconstruction. The patient deteriorated precipitously and required immediate emergency surgical front of neck access to secure the airway. Drawing on our experience of this case, we propose a mental model to inform the emergency airway management of postoperative neck haematoma following all types of surgery.
Valorization of bio‐calcium carbonate based Chamelea gallina shell waste fillers in shape memory polymer composites
Authors: Selçuk Pekdemir Sibel , Onay Hatice , Özen Öner Ecem , Pekdemir Mustafa Ersin , Kök Mediha , Ateş Burhan , Aydoğdu Yıldırım , Dalgıç Göktuğ 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the focus has been on the use of calcium carbonate‐based seashell wastes in the production of new thermoplastic and thermoset polymer materials, paving the way for their use as biofillers in polymeric composites. In this study, it is aimed to obtain a new polymeric composite material by doping Chamelea gallina shells, on polylactic acid (PLA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend. Structural characterization of the obtained PLA/PEG blend/C. gallina composite films was performed with attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR). When the thermal properties of composite materials were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was determined that the thermal stability of polymeric composites increased with the addition of C. gallina. SEM images showed that the polymer blend films, which appeared to have a porous structure, filled the pores with increasing C. gallina ratio. It was observed that the biodegradability of PLA/PEG blend composite films decreased with increasing C. gallina shells addition. However, C. gallina had a positive effect on the swelling and water absorption capacities of polymeric composites. The increase in tensile strength and elongation at break values of PLA/PEG blend/C. gallina composite films with increasing C. gallina means that the mechanical properties of the polymer are improved.
Photophysical Ion Dynamics in Hybrid Perovskite MAPbX3 (X=Br, Cl) Single Crystals
Authors: Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Forslund Ola Kenji , Cottrell Stephen , Yokoyama Koji , Nayak Pabitra K. , Noa Francoise M. Amombo , Öhrström Lars , Nocerino Elisabetta , Börjesson Lars , Sugiyama Jun , Månsson Martin , Sassa Yasmine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaic materials. However, there is a debate regarding the impact of interactions between the organic center and the surrounding inorganic cage on the solar cell's high diffusion lengths. It remains unclear whether the diffusion mechanism is consistent across various halide perovskite families and how light illumination affects carrier lifetimes. The focus is on ion kinetics of (CH3NH3)PbX3 (X = Br, Cl) perovskite halide single crystals. Muon spectroscopy (μ+SR)is employed to investigate the fluctuations and diffusion of ions via the relaxation of muon spins in local nuclear field environments. Within a temperature range of 30–340 K, ion kinetics are studied with and without white‐light illumination. The results show a temperature shift of the tetragonal‐orthorhombic phase transition on the illuminated samples, as an effect of increased organic molecule fluctuations. This relation is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations along the reduction of the nuclear field distribution width between the phase transitions. The analysis shows that, depending on the halide ion, the motional narrowing from H and N nuclear moments represents the molecular fluctuations. The results demonstrate the importance of the halide ion and the effect of illumination on the compound's structural stability and electronic properties.
Trophic history of Hawaiian green turtles as revealed by stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S) in the bones of museum specimens
Authors: Velasquez‐Vacca Adriana , Seminoff Jeffrey A. , Jones T. Todd , Balazs George H. , Cardona Luis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Understanding consumer trophic status and long‐term dietary changes can yield information about impacts of altered habitats on their ecology. In Hawai'i, coastal ecosystems have been significantly modified by the introduction of invasive seaweeds and mangroves, high nutrient load and overfishing, but so far, much is still to be understood about how these changes have affected the green turtle (Chelonia mydas).
This study analyzed stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios in the bone tissue of modern and museum specimens of green turtles collected from 1901 to 2020 in Oahu and the North‐western Hawaiian Islands to understand how their isotopic niche has changed through time, a crucial step towards restoring the ecological role of a formerly decimated species.
The standard ellipse size and the total area of the convex hull of the isotopic niche of green turtles in three periods (1901–1951, 1992–2008, and 2018–2020) were calculated.
The stable isotope values of ancient green turtles (1901–1951) suggest that they relied heavily on macroalgae even before the introduction of exotic species and eutrophication promoted the development of algal pastures.
However, a few ancient green turtles relied heavily on seagrasses, and others complemented their macroalgae‐based diets with significant amounts of animal matter. Such diet specialists were missing from the sample of current green sea turtles, suggesting that these foraging strategies are less common or perhaps even absent in the current population. The results suggest that green turtles have converged on the use of the most abundant resource, red macroalgae, likely because of the homogenization and simplification of coastal habitats and food webs due to anthropogenic influences.
Restoring the population size of herbivorous fishes and a more diverse ecosystem structure may be necessary to recover the array of trophic strategies formerly present in the Hawaiian green turtle population.