bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamond Nanostructures at Different Dimensions: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Li Yao , Yang Limin , Jiang Xin , Lu Yang , Han Cuiping , Tang Yongbing , Yang Nianjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiamond materials at different nanoscales provide them various characteristics such as elastic mechanical properties in needle‐like nanotips, flexibility of 2D films having atomic thicknesses and constant hardness under high pressures, superior field electron emission properties of vertically wall‐like composites, unprecedented hardness and improved toughness of nanotwin diamond (nt‐diamond), while the inherent excellent properties of bulk diamond (e.g., high Young's modulus, robustness, biocompatibility) can be maintained. In this paper, the newly born 1D diamond nanothreads, 2D diamanes, as well as 3D nt‐diamond are briefly reviewed. The innovations, progresses and achievements of different dimensional diamond nanostructures, covering lines, planes and volumes are overviewed. The topical problems and future outlooks of diamond nanostructures are outlined and discussed.
Plaque‐Specific Adhesive Balloons Coated with Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Loaded with Rapamycin for Atherosclerosis Therapy
Authors: Xiao Yun , Lin Jun , Zhao Yanbo , Wang Xiaoyu , Lv Qingbo , Li Wujiao , Tang Ruikang , Fu Guosheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDrug‐coated balloons (DCBs), serving as a superior alternative to stents, are at the cutting edge of clinical innovations in atherosclerosis management. Nevertheless, the prevalent high flow rates in arterial vascular result in short drug residence times, significantly compromising DCBs’ therapeutic effectiveness. Drawing inspiration from the mechanisms of vascular calcification, a rapamycin‐loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticle (CaP@Rapa) coating for balloons is pioneered. This coating functions as a potent drug anchor in arteries, facilitating the adhesion of rapamycin to plaques and thereby enhancing the local concentration of the rapamycin. To evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in vivo, the rabbit iliac artery atherosclerosis model is innovatively developed, which authentically mirrors the pathological progression of atherosclerosis in humans. The enhanced localized rapamycin retention, along with its pH‐sensitive sustained release characteristics, culminate in substantial reductions in plaque volume, a decrease in intimal hyperplasia, and mitigation of local inflammation in model rabbits. To further substantiate the translational potential of CaP@Rapa balloons, the research on the pig coronary atherosclerosis model is expanded, which yielded results solidifying the clinical promise of CaP@Rapa balloons. In summary, this research not only offers a more effective and reliable alternative to traditional DCB but also paves the way for further clinical trials.
Retinomorphic Photonic Synapses for Mimicking Ultraviolet Radiation Sensing and Damage Imaging
Authors: Shao He , Li Yueqing , Zhuang Jingwen , Ji Yu , He Xiang , Wang Ruiheng , Wang Le , Fu Jingwei , Li Wen , Yi Mingdong , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei , Ling Haifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotonic synapses integrate sensing and processing within a single device, making them promising candidates for emulating the visual perception of a biological retina. Most retinomorphic photonic synapses achieve image pre‐processing by differentially responding to red, green, and blue (RGB). However, the impact of invisible ultraviolet (UV) light on the retina remains insufficiently explored, hindering the perception of the full spectrum by retinomorphic devices. Herein, a photonic synapse is constructed with strong UV absorption of Poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(4,4′‐(N‐(4‐sec‐butylphenyl) diphenylamine)] (TFB) as photosensitive layer. The device exhibits synaptic properties of long‐term memory (LTM) and short‐term memory (STM) at different UV radiation stages. Extracting the electrical conductance of the device under UV radiation generates patterns of different resolutions, facilitating the simulation of retinal damage's impact on object perception. Moreover, an electronic eye system, incorporating the photonic synapse under UV radiation, successfully replicates pupil constriction and eye‐closing behaviors akin to those observed in a real biological eye. This result underscores the authenticity of retinomorphic devices, expending a novel concept for the future development of visuomorphic computing.
Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Cellular Origami Exhibiting Improved and Multifunctional Floatability
Authors: Bai Haoyu , Li Peng , Wang Xinsheng , Li Zhe , Zhao Tianhong , Tian Yaru , Cheng Mingren , Hong Yiqian , Zhu Xuanbo , Cao Moyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterfacial floater possessing an open surface diversifies the functions of current systems in the field of solar evaporation, micro‐detector, multiphase catalysis, etc. However, most of the current floaters still face challenges such as the anti‐submersion, orientation adjusting, and multifunctional capabilities. Drawing inspiration from water striders and diving bell spiders, here a superhydrophobic cellular origami (SCO) is proposed with reliable stability, submerge resistance, switchable floatability, and multifunctional integration. The remarkable floating ability is achieved through the air storage ability of superhydrophobic air cells. SCO floats stably on the water surface and has a maximum load capacity that is 48% higher than the superhydrophobic sheet. Besides, SCO can resurface rapidly after complete submersion, even using titanium metal as substrate. To further enhance the universality of SCO, the Janus SCO with unbalanced structure can float with a specific orientation facing up and the origami structure is optimized to be switchable with hinge structure for adjustable buoyancy. To prove the concept in 3D structure, a cylindrical SCO is presented for cable locating on the water surface. This study presents an achievable strategy to extend superhydrophobic surfaces into anti‐sinking floaters, offering valuable insights into the development of multifunctional interface carriers.
Paraffin‐Enabled Superlattice Customization for a Photostimulated Gradient‐Responsive Artificial Reflex Arc
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Wu Mengwei , Zhang Yan , Yan Hongyi , Lee Yangjin , Zhao Zihan , Hao He , Shi Xiaohu , Zhang Zhaoxian , Kim Kwanpyo , Liu Nan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of photostimulated‐motion artificial reflex arcs — a neural circuit inspired by light‐driven motion reflexes — holds significant promises for advancements in robotic perception, navigation, and motion control. However, the fabrication of such systems, especially those that accommodate multiple actions and exhibit gradient responses, remains challenging. Here, a gradient‐responsive photostimulated‐motion artificial reflex arc is developed by integrating a programmable and tunable photoreceptor based on folded MoS2 at different twist angles. The twisted folded bilayer MoS2 used as photoreceptors can be customized via the transfer technique using patternable paraffin, where the twist angle and fold‐line could be controlled. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity is 3.7 times higher at a twist angle of 29° compared to that at 0°, showing a monotonically decreasing indirect bandgap. Through tunable interlayer carrier transport, photoreceptors fabricated using folded bilayer MoS2 at different twist angles demonstrate gradient response time, enabling the photostimulated‐motion artificial reflex arc for multiaction responses. They are transformed to digital command flow and studied via machine learning to control the gestures of a robotic hand, showing a prototype of photostimulated gradient‐responsive artificial reflex arcs for the first time. This work provides a unique idea for developing intelligent soft robots and next‐generation human–computer interfaces.
Ultralow‐Voltage Frequency Tunning of Liquid Crystal‐Based GHz Antenna via Nanoscratching Method
Authors: Lee Changjae , Park Jinki , Chi Ye‐Eun , Yoo Youngin , Park Seong‐Ook , Yoon Dong Ki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal (LC)‐based radio‐frequency (RF) tunable antennas garner attention because of their compact size and minimal heat generation. Exploiting the LC's property to alter the RF permittivity depending on its alignment, voltage‐induced orientational switching enables frequency modulation of the radiated wave. To ensure dependable antenna performance, precise control of the initial LC alignment is crucial, which is conventionally achieved by polyimide (PI) coating followed by the rubbing process (PI‐rubbing). However, this approach demands high temperature (200 °C) and prolonged processing time (2 h), while also necessitating high voltage for LC reorientation due to induced excessive surface polar anchoring strength. Here, a PI‐free‐nanoscratching method creating 1D channels is introduced that induces initial LC alignment in a desired direction. The initial orienting capability of the scratched metal surface is superior to that of the PI‐rubbed surface. Furthermore, the LC‐based antenna employing the nanoscratching method shows a remarkable resonance frequency shift of up to 3 GHz with a low voltage of 2 V. This driving voltage is five times lower than that of antennas using the conventional PI‐rubbing method, which can open a new era for the next generation LC‐antenna.
Computational Characterization of Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by Combinatorial Exciton Recombination Parameters and Photon Extraction Efficiency
Authors: Kim Yoonwoo , Jo Jeong‐Wan , Yang Jiajie , Bernstein Yaron , Lee Sanghyo , Jung Sung‐Min , Kim Jong Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) have gained significant attention for next‐generation display and lighting systems owing to their superior color selectivity and color purity. To maximize the efficiency of QD‐LED devices, it is of great importance to identify the key factors that govern their electro–optical properties. The efficiency of QD‐LED devices is strongly influenced by combinatorial processes, represented by the Shockley‐Read‐Hall rate A, Langevin strength B, and Auger probability C (ABC parameters) of quantum‐dots (QDs), along with photon extraction efficiency of QD‐LED devices. In this study, an integrated computational framework is proposed to accurately analyze the electro–optical properties of QD‐LED devices. The experimental device properties are characterized by ABC and photon extraction efficiency parameters through an innovative numerical data‐fitting procedure. Utilizing these parameters, a parametric analysis is performed based on a complete computational charge transport simulation model to explore the influence of the combinatorial exciton recombination processes. This computational framework aligns excellently with experimental results, showcasing its remarkable reliability and effectiveness in both quantitatively characterizing QD nanoparticles and in the detailed analysis of the electro–optical properties of QD‐LED devices.
Remotely Controlled Laser‐Programmable Microwave Metasurfaces
Authors: Sun Ya Lun , Zhang Xin Ge , Huang Zhixiang , Zhu Bingcheng , Jiang Wei Xiang , Zhang Zaichen , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProgrammable metasurfaces have brought significant advance to electromagnetic (EM) and related fields, making it easier and more efficient to manipulate the EM waves and realize higher tuning flexibility and range. However, how to achieve independent control of each unit of the programmable metasurface in a low‐overhead and wireless manner remains a challenge. Here, a laser‐programmable microwave metasurface is proposed and constructed, in which each unit can be controlled remotely by laser intensity in real time. The key is to design an ultra‐compact photoelectric passive boost circuit and integrate it into the meta‐unit. In this case, the light sensing‐to‐power‐to‐control‐to‐microwave manipulation process can be fully realized on the highly integrated meta‐unit, and thus the metasurface can be completely programmed at the unit level by laser coding patterns, without any wire connections and external power suppliers. As experimental demonstration, a phase‐coding laser‐programmable microwave metasurface is presented using a laser array. To show the capabilities of the metasurface, 2D beam scanning and vortex beam generation are demonstrated using 1‐bit phase modulations under the laser illuminations. This approach offers an effective route for the space lasers to manipulate microwaves accurately, which is helpful in developing advanced functional devices, passive platforms, and photoelectric hybrid systems.
Visible Meta‐Displays for Anti‐Counterfeiting with Printable Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Gong Jintao , Xiong Lingxing , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces, 2D arrays of nanostructures, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to manipulate light at the subwavelength scale. Their diverse applications range from advanced optical devices to sensing and imaging technologies. However, the mass production of dielectric metasurfaces with tailored properties for visible light has remained a challenge. Therefore, the demand for efficient and cost‐effective fabrication methods for metasurfaces has driven the continuing development of various techniques. In this research article, a high‐throughput production method is presented for multifunctional dielectric metasurfaces in the visible light range using one‐step high‐index TiO2‐polymer composite (TPC) printing, which is a variant of nanoprinting lithography (NIL) for the direct replication of patterned multifunctional dielectric metasurfaces using a TPC material as the printing ink. The batch fabrication of dielectric metasurfaces is demonstrated with controlled geometry and excellent optical response, enabling high‐performance light‐matter interactions for potential applications of visible meta‐displays.
Platelet Membrane Nanocarriers Cascade Targeting Delivery System to Improve Myocardial Remodeling Post Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xu Xuan , Li Mingxi , Yu Fuchao , Wei Qin , Liu Yang , Tong Jiayi , Yang Fang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough treatments for myocardial infarction have advanced significantly, the global mortality due to ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury remains high. Here, a platelet (PLT) membrane nanocarrier (PL720) that encapsulates L‐arginine and FTY720 to facilitate the cascade‐targeted delivery of these substances to the myocardial injury site and enable the controlled release of L‐arginine and FTY720 is developed. Such an innovative approach shows enhanced cardioprotection through multiple target strategies involved in ischemia–reperfusion injury and late reperfusion inflammation. During the ischemia–reperfusion phase, PL720 targets and accumulates in damaged coronary arteries. PL720 rapidly releases L‐arginine, stimulating endothelial cells to produce NO, thereby dilating blood vessels and promoting blood flow recovery, while FTY720's sustained release exerts anti‐apoptotic effects. During the late reperfusion inflammatory phase, PL720 is captured by circulating inflammatory monocytes and transported into a deeper ischemic myocardial lesion. PL720 promotes macrophage polarization and accelerates the inflammatory repair. Furthermore, the issue of bradycardia associated with the clinical use of FTY720 is innovatively relieved. Therefore, PL720 is a vascular injury and inflammation dual targeting strategy, exhibiting significant potential for multi‐targeted therapy and clinical translation for cardiac injury.
Ambient Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: From Theoretical Guidance to Catalyst Design
Authors: Mu Jianjia , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Yu Tong , Zhao Lu‐Kang , Luo Wen‐Bin , Yang Huicong , Liu Zhao‐Meng , Sun Zhenhua , Gu Qin‐Fen , Li Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmmonia, a vital component in the synthesis of fertilizers, plastics, and explosives, is traditionally produced via the energy‐intensive and environmentally detrimental Haber–Bosch process. Given its considerable energy consumption and significant greenhouse gas emissions, there is a growing shift toward electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis as an eco‐friendly alternative. However, developing efficient electrocatalysts capable of achieving high selectivity, Faraday efficiency, and yield under ambient conditions remains a significant challenge. This review delves into the decades‐long research into electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis, highlighting the evolution of fundamental principles, theoretical descriptors, and reaction mechanisms. An in‐depth analysis of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR) is provided, with a focus on their electrocatalysts. Additionally, the theories behind electrocatalyst design for ammonia synthesis are examined, including the Gibbs free energy approach, Sabatier principle, d‐band center theory, and orbital spin states. The review culminates in a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and prospective future directions in electrocatalyst development for NRR and NitRR, paving the way for more sustainable methods of ammonia production.
Material Properties of n‐Type β‐Ga2O3 Epilayers with In Situ Doping Grown on Sapphire by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Tarntair Fu‐Gow , Huang Chih‐Yang , Rana Siddharth , Lin Kun‐Lin , Hsu Shao‐Hui , Kao Yu‐Cheng , Pratap Singh Jitendra , Chen Yi‐Che , Tumilty Niall , Liu Po‐Liang , Horng Ray‐Hua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, in situ, Si‐doped heteroepitaxial Ga2O3 layers are grown on c‐plane sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The X‐ray diffraction peaks of the doped Ga2O3 epilayers shows ß‐phase of Ga2O3 ,and full width at half maximum of Ga2O3 crystallinity is decreased at a Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) molar flow rate of 2.23 × 10−7 mol min−1 but increased with higher flow rates. The dopant concentrations of Ga2O3 grown at 825 °C with TEOS molar flows of 2.23 × 10−7, 4.47 × 10−7, and 6.69 × 10−7 mol min−1 are measured to be 5.5 × 1019, 1.1 × 1020, and 1.4 × 1020 atom cm−3, respectively, using secondary ion mass spectra and Hall measurements reveal n‐type nature with carrier concentrations of 6.5 × 1017, 3.2 × 1018, and 3.9 × 1018 atom/cm3 , respectively. To increase Si dopant activation, Ga2O3 growth temperature is raised to 875 °C. The result suggests a higher growth temperature can contribute to a greater probability of Si substitution on Ga lattice sites, which further reduces the resistivity of Ga2O3 epilayer. Moreover, results are compared with theoretical Density Functional Theory studies.
Operando Tracking the Interactions between CoOx and CeO2 during Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Jinzhen , Hales Natasha , Clark Adam H. , Yüzbasi Nur Sena , Borca Camelia Nicoleta , Huthwelker Thomas , Schmidt Thomas J. , Fabbri Emiliana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCeO2 greatly enhances the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of CoOx, though the enhancement mechanism beyond this synergy is yet to be understood. Here, operando hard X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (hXAS) is applied to monitor the Co K edge and Ce L3 edge in CoOx/CeO2 to shed light on the evolution of the Co and Ce oxidation states during OER. In addition, ex situ soft XAS (sXAS) characterizations provide information on the irreversible surface‐specific transformations of the Co L3 edge as well as of the O K edge. Combining the operando and ex situ spectroscopic characterizations with comprehensive electrochemical analyses, it is confirmed that CeO2 is not the active center for the OER. However, coupling CeO2 with CoOx introduces significant modifications in the Co and O species at the CoOx surface and alters the flat band potential (Efb), leading to more favorable Co oxidation state transformations during OER and possibly modifying the preferential reaction pathway. This work establishes the connections between electronic structures, Co oxidation state and the OER reaction mechanism for CoOx/CeO2 composites electrodes.
Racial/ethnic differences in the bullying victimization‐suicidality link among LGBQ high school students in the United States
Authors: Hong Jun Sung , Valido Alberto , Espelage Dorothy L. , Lee Jungup , DiNitto Diana M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal behaviors of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (i.e., unsure of their sexual orientation) students has been well documented in research, few studies have focused on how bullying victimization might be related to suicidal behaviors among youth with intersectional identities. This study examines associations between bullying victimization and suicidal behaviors across racial/ethnic groups in a sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) students. Data for this cross‐sectional study were derived from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey combined data set (2003–2019), with a sample of 95,603 students who identified as LGBQ. Analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regression. We found that homophobic bullying victimization was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation and plans among the total sample and Black and Hispanic students. School‐based bullying victimization was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among white and Hispanic students and higher suicidal ideation among multiracial–non‐Hispanic students. Cyberbullying victimization was not associated with suicidal behavior among Asian students, but it was associated with all forms of suicidal behavior among youth of other racial/ethnic identities. Addressing bullying victimization and suicidality with culturally relevant, evidence‐based violence prevention strategies is critical.
Mortality and cancer incidence in perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride production workers
Authors: Alexander Bruce H. , Ryan Andrew , Church Timothy R. , Kim Hyun , Olsen Geary W. , Logan Perry W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundExposure to per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with several health outcomes, though few occupationally‐exposed populations have been studied. We evaluated mortality and cancer incidence in a cohort of perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride‐based specialty chemical manufacturing workers.MethodsThe cohort included any employee who ever worked at the facility from 1961 to 2010 (N = 4045), with a primary interest in those who had 365 cumulative days of employment (N = 2659). Vital status and mortality records were obtained through 2014 and the cohort was linked to state cancer registries to obtain incident cancer cases from 1995 to 2014. Cumulative exposure was derived from a comprehensive exposure reconstruction that estimated job‐specific perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)‐equivalents (mg/m3) exposure. Overall and exposure‐specific standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were estimated in reference to the US population. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cumulative PFOS‐equivalent exposure (log2 transformed) were estimated within the cohort for specific causes of death and incident cancers using a time‐dependent Cox model.ResultsDeath rates were lower than expected except for cerebrovascular disease (SMR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.25–4.22) and bladder cancer (SMR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.07–10.02) in the highest exposure quartile. Within the cohort, the incidence of bladder, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer were positively associated with exposure, however except for lung cancer (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.11) the CIs did not exclude an HR of 1.ConclusionsThis study provides some evidence that occupational exposure to PFOS is associated with bladder and lung cancers and with cerebrovascular disease.