bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The predictability of near‐term forest biomass change in boreal North America
Authors: Burrell Arden L. , Cooperdock Sol , Potter Stefano , Berner Logan T. , Hember Robert , Macander Matthew J. , Walker Xanthe J. , Massey Richard , Foster Adrianna C. , Mack Michelle C. , Goetz Scott J. , Rogers Brendan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate change is driving substantial changes in North American boreal forests, including changes in productivity, mortality, recruitment, and biomass. Despite the importance for carbon budgets and informing management decisions, there is a lack of near‐term (5–30 year) forecasts of expected changes in aboveground biomass (AGB). In this study, we forecast AGB changes across the North American boreal forest using machine learning, repeat measurements from 25,000 forest inventory sites, and gridded geospatial datasets. We find that AGB change can be predicted up to 30 years into the future, and that training on sites across the entire domain allows accurate predictions even in regions with only a small amount of existing field data. While predicting AGB loss is less skillful than gains, using a multi‐model ensemble can improve the accuracy in detecting change direction to >90% for observed increases, and up to 70% for observed losses. Higher stem density, winter temperatures, and the presence of temperate tree species in forest plots were positively associated with AGB change, whereas greater initial biomass, continentality (difference between mean summer and winter temperatures), prevalence of black spruce (Picea mariana), summer precipitation, and early warning metrics from long‐term remote sensing time series were negatively associated with AGB change. Across the domain, we predict nondisturbance‐induced declines in AGB at 23% of sites by 2030. The approach developed here can be used to estimate near‐future forest biomass in boreal North America and inform relevant management decisions. Our study also highlights the power of machine learning multi‐model ensembles when trained on a large volume of forest inventory plots, which could be applied to other regions with adequate plot density and spatial coverage.
The next‐generation therapies in ophthalmology for blindness worldwide
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhang Chang‐Jun , Jiang Jia‐Yi , Jin Zi‐Bing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the rapid and groundbreaking development in 21st century medicine on a global scale, new possibilities have emerged for addressing eye diseases, that can be blindness, and that conventional pharmaceuticals and surgical interventions have not hitherto been able to adequately treat. Gene enhancement/supplementation, gene editing, and stem cell therapies have now emerged as key subdisciplines. Here we discuss the current state and prospects of regenerative therapy in the field of ophthalmology, with a primary focus on diseases affecting the cornea, retina, and optic nerve. Our review summarizes the latest advances, challenges, and opportunities in these fields, as well as the potential applications and limitations of different strategies. The review also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary and collaborative innovation models for achieving breakthroughs in therapeutic development for sight‐loss diseases worldwide.
Giant cell myocarditis with prolonged cardiac standstill after drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ono Ryohei , Kohno Hiroki , Kaminota Sae , Aoki Kaoruko , Kato Hirotoshi , Iwahana Togo , Aihara Takanori , Ota Masayuki , Matsumiya Goro , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare but fatal disease that can lead to cardiac failure. Survival with a cardiac standstill requires mechanical circulatory support or a biventricular assist device (BiVAD) and prolonged survival is extremely rare. Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction. Some cases of DIHS are reportedly associated with the onset of GCM. We present a case of a 28‐year‐old woman who developed GCM during steroid tapering after DIHS. She went into continuous cardiac standstill but survived for 74 days under BiVAD support. Our case is noteworthy because the histopathologic specimens obtained on three occasions contributed to the diagnosis of this particular condition over time. We also reviewed previous literature on concomitant cases of GCM and DIHS. We found that two are potentially associated and most cases of GCM occur within 3 months of DIHS during steroid tapering.
Controls on the morphological evolution of embayed beaches: Morphometry versus external forcing
Authors: Marco‐Peretó Candela , Durán Ruth , Toomey Tim , Guillén Jorge 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe morphological evolution of embayed beaches on a microtidal coast is assumed to largely respond to the degree of exposure to wave conditions, decreasing the mobility with increasing beach indentation (and vice versa). However, the number of sediment arrivals at the beach or the impact of extreme storms can modify this relationship. Here, we present an analysis of 10 embayed beaches along the Catalan coast with different morphometric and sedimentary characteristics to identify the most relevant parameters controlling the morphological evolution of these embayed beaches at the inter‐annual and decadal scales. The study was mostly based on LiDAR topographic data collected from 2012 to 2017, aerial photographs from 1945 to 2021, sediment sampling and a long‐term series analysis of the forcing parameters (waves, sea level, precipitation and land‐use changes). The results show a net loss of volume on all the studied beaches at an inter‐annual scale and a general shoreline retreat during the last few decades, suggesting the influence of common processes on the evolution of the studied beaches. Smaller pocket beaches with medium‐to‐high indentations are more sensitive to changes induced by local factors and show higher variability in the volume of the emerged beach and shoreline position than larger beaches. The most relevant factors influencing the evolution of the studied beaches on a decadal scale were identified as changes in sea level and the reduction in sediment inputs provided by streams due to land‐use changes in the drainage basin. At the inter‐annual scale, the impact of extreme events is the main factor controlling beach behaviour. These general trends can be opposite locally for beaches that receive large amounts of sediment via longshore transport from adjacent beaches.
Price discovery and long‐memory property: Simulation and empirical evidence from the bitcoin market
Authors: Xu Ke , Chen Yu‐Lun , Liu Bo , Chen Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrice discovery studies of a single asset traded in multiple markets have traditionally focused on assessing the relative price discovery contribution of each market. However, in this paper, we demonstrate that the overall price discovery across all markets can undergo changes even when the relative price discovery of each market remains constant. We propose that this overall change in price discovery can be effectively captured by the fractional parameter in the fractionally cointegrated vector autoregressive (FCVAR) model. In contrast, the widely used cointegrated vector autoregressive (CVAR) model fails to account for this dynamic in overall price discovery. Through a combination of simulation exercises and empirical applications, we show that the FCVAR approach outperforms the CVAR model not only in evaluating the relative price discovery contributions but also, more importantly, in providing a comprehensive measurement of overall price discovery.
Heritability of cognitive and emotion processing during functional MRI in a twin sample
Authors: Park Haeme R. P. , Chilver Miranda R. , Quidé Yann , Montalto Arthur , Schofield Peter R. , Williams Leanne M. , Gatt Justine M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite compelling evidence that brain structure is heritable, the evidence for the heritability of task‐evoked brain function is less robust. Findings from previous studies are inconsistent possibly reflecting small samples and methodological variations. In a large national twin sample, we systematically evaluated heritability of task‐evoked brain activity derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used established standardised tasks to engage brain regions involved in cognitive and emotional functions. Heritability was evaluated across a conscious and nonconscious Facial Expressions of Emotion Task (FEET), selective attention Oddball Task, N‐back task of working memory maintenance, and a Go‐NoGo cognitive control task in a sample of Australian adult twins (N ranged from 136 to 226 participants depending on the task and pairs). Two methods for quantifying associations of heritability and brain activity were utilised; a multivariate independent component analysis (ICA) approach and a univariate brain region‐of‐interest (ROI) approach. Using ICA, we observed that a significant proportion of task‐evoked brain activity was heritable, with estimates ranging from 23% to 26% for activity elicited by nonconscious facial emotion stimuli, 27% to 34% for N‐back working memory maintenance and sustained attention, and 32% to 33% for selective attention in the Oddball task. Using the ROI approach, we found that activity of regions specifically implicated in emotion processing and selective attention showed significant heritability for three ROIs, including estimates of 33%–34% for the left and right amygdala in the nonconscious processing of sad faces and 29% in the medial superior prefrontal cortex for the Oddball task. Although both approaches show similar levels of heritability for the Nonconscious Faces and Oddball tasks, ICA results displayed a more extensive network of heritable brain function, including additional regions beyond the ROI analysis. Furthermore, multivariate twin modelling of both ICA networks and ROI activation suggested a mix of common genetic and unique environmental factors that contribute to the associations between networks/regions. Together, the results indicate a complex relationship between genetic factors and environmental interactions that ultimately give rise to neural activation underlying cognition and emotion.
Neural sensitivity to translational self‐ and object‐motion velocities
Authors: Sulpizio Valentina , von Gal Alessandro , Galati Gaspare , Fattori Patrizia , Galletti Claudio , Pitzalis Sabrina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ability to detect and assess world‐relative object‐motion is a critical computation performed by the visual system. This computation, however, is greatly complicated by the observer's movements, which generate a global pattern of motion on the observer's retina. How the visual system implements this computation is poorly understood. Since we are potentially able to detect a moving object if its motion differs in velocity (or direction) from the expected optic flow generated by our own motion, here we manipulated the relative motion velocity between the observer and the object within a stationary scene as a strategy to test how the brain accomplishes object‐motion detection. Specifically, we tested the neural sensitivity of brain regions that are known to respond to egomotion‐compatible visual motion (i.e., egomotion areas: cingulate sulcus visual area, posterior cingulate sulcus area, posterior insular cortex [PIC], V6+, V3A, IPSmot/VIP, and MT+) to a combination of different velocities of visually induced translational self‐ and object‐motion within a virtual scene while participants were instructed to detect object‐motion. To this aim, we combined individual surface‐based brain mapping, task‐evoked activity by functional magnetic resonance imaging, and parametric and representational similarity analyses. We found that all the egomotion regions (except area PIC) responded to all the possible combinations of self‐ and object‐motion and were modulated by the self‐motion velocity. Interestingly, we found that, among all the egomotion areas, only MT+, V6+, and V3A were further modulated by object‐motion velocities, hence reflecting their possible role in discriminating between distinct velocities of self‐ and object‐motion. We suggest that these egomotion regions may be involved in the complex computation required for detecting scene‐relative object‐motion during self‐motion.
Clinical characteristics and mortality prediction of patients admitted to the Hong Kong East Cluster intensive care units in the COVID‐19 fifth wave
Authors: Man MY , Lam SM , Yu SYJ , Chan JYA , Lee MY , Shum HP , Yan WW 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 has been threatening global public health since 2019. To address the overwhelming caseload, several tools were developed to predict prognosis and aid triage of critically ill patients for intensive care. Currently, there is a lack of local data on the validity of such tools.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to identify the predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in COVID‐19 patients in Hong Kong and externally validate the different scoring systems.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of patients admitted to the HKEC ICUs from 1 January 2022 to 30 April 2022 was performed. We collected data on patient demographics, vaccination status, laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes including need for organ support and mortality. Clinical severities were estimated by Sequential Organ Failure Score, 4C Mortality Score, COVID‐Gram score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV score based on the original studies. Comparison between individual scoring systems' performance on hospital mortality was conducted and summarized.ResultsIn these four months, 137 patients with COVID‐19 admitted to ICUs of Ruttonjee Hospital and Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital were recruited. 64 patients (46.7%) were admitted for COVID‐19 related respiratory failure, among which mortality was 66.7%. The overall hospital and ICU mortality were 21.9% and 13.1%, respectively. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR 3.221, p 0.034), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy (OR 3.107, p 0.039), and higher APACHE IV score (OR 1.043, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of hospital mortality using multivariate analysis. The scoring systems had good performance in mortality prediction in our population. The APACHE IV score (AUROC 0.79, 95% CI 0.698–0.894) and 4C Mortality Score (AUROC 0.751, 95% CI 0.657–0.844) outperformed other scoring systems in predicting hospital mortality.ConclusionIn patients with COVID‐19, the use of IMV or HFNC and APACHE IV score were independent risk factors for hospital mortality. The APACHE IV and the 4C Mortality Score were most useful in our population for predicting ICU and hospital mortality.
Exact and analytical solutions for self‐similar thermal boundary layer flows over a moving wedge
Authors: Kirsur Shreenivas R. , Joshi Shrivatsa R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article aims to achieve exact and analytical solutions for the classical Falkner–Skan equation with heat transfer (FSE‐HT). Specifically, when the pressure gradient parameter , there already exists a closed‐form solution in the literature for the Falkner–Skan flow equation. The main purpose here is to extend this case to obtain a closed‐form solution to the heat transport equation with the solubility condition . An algorithm is presented and is found to be new to the literature that enriches the physical properties of FSE‐HT. It is shown that for the moving wedge parameter , the momentum and temperature equations show multiple solutions analytically. The skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate are also obtained in analytical form. The thus‐obtained solution is then adapted to derive an analytical solution applicable to a wide range of pressure gradient parameters and Prandtl numbers . Furthermore, an asymptotic analysis is conducted, focusing on scenarios where the moving wedge parameter becomes significantly large (). Nevertheless, in all the above‐mentioned cases, the skin friction coefficient () and the heat transfer rate () are compared with the direct numerical solutions of the boundary layer equations, and it is found that the results are in good agreement. These solutions provide a benchmark and shed light on further studies on the families of FSE‐HT.
Experimental study for the enhancement of heat transfer characteristics and development of thermal correlations of a roughened solar collector
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Kumar Rakesh , Layek Apurba 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe thermal performance of the flat plate solar collector is very low. The most beneficial and worthwhile method for increasing the thermal performance of a solar‐powered air heater (SPAH) is to include a roughness element in the working zone of heat transfer that is located beneath the shear layer of the absorber surface. In this research work, efforts are made to enhance thermal performance and develop thermal correlations for the estimation of the Nusselt number and friction factor of a roughened SPAH. Experiments are performed for various ranges of flow, Reynolds numbers, and roughness parameters. The experimental technique of liquid crystal thermography is utilized to assess the dispersal of Nusselt number over the roughened surface for all roughness parameters. A maximum thermal performance enhancement index of 2.69 is obtained with the optimum value of the roughness parameter at a relative roughness pitch (RRP) of 9, a relative staggering distance (RSD) of 4, and a relative roughness length (RRL) of 6.15. Second, a mathematical correlation is developed using a regression model to estimate the Nusselt number and friction factor in terms of nondimensional roughness and flow parameters operated as RRP, RSD, RRL, and Re. The degree of discrepancy between the established the relationships and the findings from the experiment reveals incredibly satisfying results. Hence employing twisted V‐ribs as an artificial roughness element no doubt increases the Nusselt number, and thermohydraulic performance enhancement index, but it also exerts less frictional power across the SPAH duct.
Land suitability and crop water requirements for irrigated sugar cane in the Kuraz irrigation scheme, lower Omo basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Gelalacha Ayansa Teshome , Haile Mesfin Mamo , Tolera Abera Misgana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe assessment of land suitability is the key to sustained agricultural output. This study evaluates the suitability of land for irrigated sugar cane cultivation and crop water requirements in the Kuraz Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia. To accomplish this, the geographic information system–analytical hierarchy process (GIS–AHP) tool combination was employed to identify land suitability classes and aid in decision‐making using various factors, such as soil pH, texture, temperature, rainfall, land use–land cover and slope. The AquaCrop model simulated the current and future scenarios for biomass, canopy cover, yield, maximum evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration water productivity for sugar cane crops. AquaCrop was calibrated for irrigated sugar cane in the 2015–2016 crop season, and the results showed that most of the study area is highly suitable for sugar cane cultivation. Highly suitable areas cover 28%, moderately suitable areas 38%, marginally suitable areas 21%, and unsuitable areas 13%. The findings indicate the potential for expanding sugar cane cultivation and increasing yields and profits. However, it is crucial to consider the potential environmental degradation caused by water usage and soil degradation resulting from agricultural expansion. Furthermore, the social implications of expanding sugar cane cultivation should also be considered, including labour practices and the possible displacement of local communities.
NAD+ supplementation prevents STING‐induced senescence in CD8+ T cells by improving mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Ye Bin , Pei Yingting , Wang Lujing , Meng Dehao , Zhang Yu , Zou Shuang , Li Henian , Liu Jinying , Xie Ziying , Tian Changhong , Jiang Yuqi , Qiao Yu , Gao Xu , Zhang Yanfen , Ma Ning 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the connection between senescence phenotypes and mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial in aging and premature aging diseases. Loss of mitochondrial function leads to a decline in T cell function, which plays a significant role in this process. However, more research is required to determine if improving mitochondrial homeostasis alleviates senescence phenotypes. Our research has shown an association between NAD+ and senescent T cells through the cGAS‐STING pathway, which can lead to an inflammatory phenotype. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of NAD+ in T‐cell aging and how it can be utilized to improve mitochondrial homeostasis and alleviate senescence phenotypes. We demonstrate here that mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence with a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) occur in senescent T cells and tumor‐bearing mice. Senescence is mediated by a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and involves ectopic cytoplasmic DNA. We further show that boosting intracellular NAD+ levels with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) prevents senescence and SASP by promoting mitophagy. NMN treatment also suppresses senescence and neuroinflammation and improves the survival cycle of mice. Encouraging mitophagy may be a useful strategy to prevent CD8+ T cells from senescence due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, supplementing with NMN to increase NAD+ levels could enhance survival rates in mice while also reducing senescence and inflammation, and enhancing mitophagy as a potential therapeutic intervention.
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis reveals tumoral microenvironment heterogenicity and hypervascularization in human carotid body tumor
Authors: Cai Gaopo , Hua Zhaohui , Zhang Linfeng , Chen Yutian , Li Xu , Ma Ke , Xia Zongping , Li Zhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarotid body tumor (CBT) is a rare neck tumor located at the adventitia of the common carotid artery bifurcation. The prominent pathological features of CBT are high vascularization and abnormal proliferation. However, single‐cell transcriptome analysis of the microenvironment composition and molecular complexity in CBT has yet to be performed. In this study, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis on human CBT to define the cells that contribute to hypervascularization and chronic hyperplasia. Unbiased clustering analysis of transcriptional profiles identified 16 distinct cell populations including endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), neuron cells, macrophage cells, neutrophil cells, and T cells. Within the ECs population, we defined subsets with angiogenic capacity plus clear signs of later endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to normal ECs. Two populations of macrophages were detectable in CBT, macrophage1 showed enrichment in hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) and as well as an early EPCs cell‐like population expressing CD14 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition to HIF‐1‐related transcriptional protein expression, macrophages1 also display a neovasculogenesis‐promoting phenotype. SMCs included three populations showing platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta and vimentin expression, indicative of a cancer‐associated fibroblast phenotype. Finally, we identified three types of neuronal cells, including chief cells and sustentacular cells, and elucidated their distinct roles in the pathogenesis of CBT and abnormal proliferation of tumors. Overall, our study provided the first comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional landscape of CBT at scRNA‐seq profiles, providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying its formation.