bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The avifauna of central Northeast Greenland, 73°15'N- 74°05'N, based on a visit to Myggbukta, May- July 1979
Authors: Elander Magnus , Blomqvist Sven 
Published: January 2024

The high arctic avifauna of central Northeast Greenland between 73°15'N. and 74°05'N. is reviewed and various ecological and faunistic aspects are considered. The recent field data were collected during a stay at Myggbukta (73°29'N., 21°34'W.), from May to July 1979. A few records from 1982 (Elander & Ericson unpubl.) are included.
The coastal plain near Myggbukta harbour a comparatively dense population of birds, in particular some species of ducks, waders and skuas. The nesting habitat selection of eight species in the census area is plotted on vegetation type maps.
In 1979, 38 species were recorded in the study area. Eleven species were found breeding, and five species were most probably breeders in or close to the census area. Seven species new to the area were recorded in 1979, including the Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola, new to Greenland). In 1982, another two species new to the area were recorded. The total number of species in the study area now amounts to 56.
Selected meteorological data from Myggbukta between 1932 and 1958 are compared with the weather situation in 1979. It is concluded that the disappearance of snow and ice may affect the timing of arrival for certain lake dependent species.
Two topics were studied in more detail in 1979: (1) Food supply and pre-nesting behaviour among King Eider (Somateria spectabilis) and Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), and (2) Mating systems, food resources and foraging behaviour among waders, with special attention to the genus Phalaropus. The potentially available food resources for these species were sampled and analysed qualitatively, and the larvae of midges (Chironomidae; mainly Chironominae) were also analysed quantitatively. The midge larvae were found to be almost the sole prey type initially available for all lake-feeding species. On this basis spatial niche segregation among King Eider, Long-tailed Duck, Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) is discussed.
The breeding biology of the Greenland Whitefronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris)
Authors: Fox A. D. , Stroud D. A. 
Published: January 2024

The breeding biology of the Greenland Whitefronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) was studied during two expeditions to Eqalungmiut nunat, West Greenland (67°N) during 1979 and 1984. Nest sites were situated close to or overlooking wetlands which constituted the feeding area of the attendant ganders during incubation.
Mean date of clutch initiation in 1984 (11 June) was delayed due to the late spring thaw compared with 22 May in 1979 when spring conditions were more typical of most years. Nesting occurred significantly more often above 400 m in 1984 than in 1979 when most nesting attempts were below 200 m and the significance of this is discussed. Productivity in terms of brood size and percentage young amongst winter flocks did not differ between 1979 and 1984. Greenland Whitefronts are solitary nesting with nest densities lower than recorded for other races of Whitefront. Modal clutch size of six is typical for the species and there are no apparent differences in egg size compared with other races. During incubation, both parents show strong diurnal rhythms of alertness, feeding and roosting activity which may be correlated with the activity of the most important predator of eggs, the Arctic Fox Alopex lagopus.
Discussion of this and other studies of the Greenland Whitefront suggest that the pre-nesting feeding may reduce the impact of poor spring weather on productivity, but that the high percentage of time spent by the female incubating and the dramatic observed predation rates may explain the characteristically low productivity of the race compared to other grey geese.
Nutrient ecology, vegetation and biomass of two South-Greenlandic birch forest sites
Authors: Eurola Seppo , Laine Kari , Wiegolaski Frans Emil 
Published: January 2024

Two semi-dry birch forest sites were studied in Narssarssuaq (hemiarctic, subcontinental) and in Qingua-dalen (hemiarctic, suboceanic). The height of the scrub is only 1.3-2.8 m. A heavy podsolic soil prevails with thick moss-litter-humus and iron-rich horizons. The biomass of litter and dead material is high (1595 g/m2). Deschampsia flexuosa prevails in the field layer. Twenty site types were distinguished in the vegetation transect across the Qingua-dalen. Mesic and moist types are dominant on the north exposed slope without any vertical differences which are more clear on the opposite side of the valley. The Ca content in the soil is high. particularly at Narssarssuaq (5-10 times higher than for K and Mg). The somewhat increased Na content in the humus layer at Narssarssuaq may be caused by minerals in the sea spray at this site which is relatively close to the fjord. Loss on ignition and total N in the humus layer are approx. low at both sites. probably because of considerable mixing with the mineral soil. Both the Ca and the N content in the plants are higher at Narssarssuaq than in those from Qingua-dalen. and are, generally, also higher than on oligotrophic subalpine/subarctic (northern oroboreal) birch forest sites of Fennoscandia.
The high Na content in the sea spray at Narssarssuaq is reflected in a high content of Na in the birch bark and in Cladina lichens. "Total'' sums of sugars (glucose+fructose+sucrose) in all parts of birch determined were higher in Qinguadalen than at Narssarssuaq except in older twigs and roots. Starch contents, generally show the same tendency, due to higher temperature (south exposed slope) and higher net assimilation. There were no differences in the contents of "total" carbohydrate (total sugar + starch) in other species between the two study sites.
Herd composition and behaviour of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in two Canadian arctic estuaries
Authors: Smith Thomas G. , Hammill Michael O. , Martin Anthony R. 
Published: January 2024

White whales occupy the Nastapoka River and Cunningham Inlet estuaries in northeastern Canada each summer. They arrive at the Nastapoka in late June and at Cunningham in mid-July, where numbers build to maxima of 260 and 1750, respectively.
Distribution of whales in both estuaries is influenced mainly by the state of the mixed semi-diurnal tides and, to a certain extent, by river outflow and date. Few adult males appear to be present in the estuaries, the herd being composed mainly of females with calves and weaned juveniles. Limited evidence suggests that the basic social units of herds are matrilines consisting of adult nursing females accompanied by older female offspring.
The age structure of the herd changes seasonally with an increasing proportion of nursing pairs. Behaviour was grouped into four activity classes. These are descriptive and are not intended to imply functions, which remain somewhat obscure. Much of the nearshore behaviour appears to be related to the processes of shedding old skin and growing of new epidermis. Strong philopatry and physiological dependence of white whales on estuaries indicate that these are important habitats which must be managed and preserved in order to conserve the species.
Progesterone levels and reproductive status of white whales (De/phinapterus leucas) from the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Stewart Robert E. A. 
Published: January 2024

Serum progesterone levels were compared to the presence and size of ovaries, corpora lutea and fetuses in white whales sampled at three sites in the eastern Canadian Arctic.
Generally, a progesterone level greater than 3.00 ng/ml indicated a pregnancy although there was some overlap in the range of values with mature, nonpregnant whales. This overlap may be an artifact of sample management or may indicate failed or failing pregnancies. Data are not available to test these hypothesis. Progesterone concentration was not significantly correlated with ovarian mass, corpus luteum mass or fetus mass. Ovaries of immature whales were significantly smaller than those of mature-but-notpregnant and pregnant whales.
The birds of Ydre Kitsissut (Kitsissut Avalliit), Southwest Greenland
Authors: Kampp Kaj , Falk Knud 
Published: January 2024

Ydre Kitsissut (60°45-47'N, 48°25-29'W), an archipelago about 10 km off Nunarsuit in the district of Qaqortoq, is the only breeding reserve for birds in southern Greenland. However, it has only been visited by ornithologists four times: by F. Salomonsen on 3 July 1971, and by the authors for between 3 and 14 days in 1983, 1985, and 1992.
Population sizes of the most abundant species in 1992 were: Fulmarus glacialis 125 occupied sites (32% with young); Somateria mollissima about 30 nests (and 500-1000 summering birds, together with c. 100 Somateria spectabilis); Larus hyperboreus at least 100 adults with 25-30 broods of young; Larus marinus 2 pairs, one brood (but 11 pairs in 1985); Rissa tridactyla 23 pairs, no young; Uria aalge 900 birds (about 630 pairs); Uria lomvia 9000 birds (6300 pairs); Alea torda 400-500 birds; Cepphus grylle 150 pairs (very rough estimate); Fratercula arctica 200 birds.
Although numbers of Uria spp. in 1971 were reported as 61,200, there are good reasons to believe that this was a gross overestimate, and that actual numbers did not differ much from the more recent counts. Apparent population declines between 1983-85 and 1992 for Fulmarus glacialis, Larus marinus and Uria spp. may reflect a lower attendance at the colony in 1992 where the breeding success of these and most other species was low. The poor breeding performance was most likely a consequence of the cold and prolonged winter 1991/92, with persistent frost prevailing until after mid-June. In Uria spp., however, egging and associated disturbance probably was the primary cause of breeding failure; residents of nearby villages habitually take eggs on Ydre Kitsissut in spite of its status as a bird reserve.
Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Authors: Schuchert Peter 
Published: January 2024

All species of thecate and athecate hydroids (excl. Stylasteridae) from Greenland and Iceland are reviewed. The revision is based predominantly on new material collected during various expeditions, but also on types and material used by previous authors. It includes also samples from the north of Greenland (Pearyland), a locality from which no hydrozoans were known so far. These samples produced the northernmost records for hydroids (82°N): Obelia longissima, Lafoea dumosa, and Boreohydra simplex.
The genus Clava is transferred to the Family Hydractiniidae. The name Cordylophoridae Lendenfeld, 1885 is used for the remaining species formerly held in the same family as Clava. The gonophores of Halisiphonia arctica are free medusae. Halisiphonia is therefore removed from the Lafoeidae and referred to the family Hebellidae Fraser, 1912.
New records for Greenland are: Boreohydra simplex Westblad, 1937; the polyp phase of Euphysa aurata Forbes, 1848; Eudendrium islandicum Schuchert, 2000; Acaulis primarius Stimpson, 1854; Campanulina pumila (Clark, 1875); Sertularia schmidti Kudelin, 1914; Sertularia similis Clark 1877; Thuiaria articulata (Pallas, 1766); and Thuiaria sachalini Kudelin, 1914.
New records for Iceland are: Rhizogeton nudum Broch, 1903; Rhizorhagium roseum Sars, 1874; Hydractinia allmanii Bonnevie, 1898; Coryne loveni (M. Sars, 1846); Sarsia producta (Wright, 1858); Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Halecium birulai Spassky, 1929; and Symplectoscyphus bathyalis Vervoort, 1972.
Vertical flux of particulate organic matter in a High Arctic fjord: Relative importance of terrestrial and marine sources
Authors: Rysgaard Søren , Sejr Mikael K. 
Published: January 2024

Vertical flux of particulate matter was recorded using a moored sediment trap during 2002-03 in the outer region of the 90 km long NE Greenland fjord Young Sound (74°18’N, 20°18’W). Sea ice covered the fjord for c. 9 months during the deployment. At 65 m depth total flux of material was 1420 g dry weight m-2 and annual fluxes of carbonate (g m-2), chlorophyll (mg m-2), particulate organic carbon (POC, g C m-2) and nitrogen (PON, g N m-2), were, 9, 53, 17 and 1.2 respectively. A steep increase in fluxes was observed during the summer thaw when sea ice broke up and water discharge from land began. Within the two months (July and August), >90% of the total annual vertical flux occurred.
Isotopic (δ13C & δ15N) analysis of particulate organic material (POM) in the sediment trap, in phytoplankton and in the river material indicated that a maximum of c. 50% of the POM material originated from land. This is supported by the high C:N ratio (by atoms) of up to 22 found in the trapped organic material during the summer thaw as compared with 7–9 during winter and spring, when no discharge from land occurred. Seasonal measurements of the POC discharge from rivers to the outer region of the fjord corresponded to c. 40% of the vertical POC flux measured in the sediment trap, which further indicates a significant terrestrial contribution to the settling material in the outer fjord area.
Besides POC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is discharged in an equal amount to the fjord from rivers, resulting in a total organic carbon (TOC) input from land to the outer region of Young Sound of 13 g C m-2 yr-1. This corresponds to c. 40% of the net TOC input from the Greenland Sea and to the outer part of the fjord during the ice-free productive period underlining the significant terrestrial contribution to sedimentation in the outer part of the fjord.
Mean permanent accumulation rates based on the depth distributions of 210Pb, 137Cs and TOC in sediments at 60 m water depth in the outer fjord area revealed a burial of carbon within the sediment of 7.9 g C m-2 yr-1. In agreement with the sediment trap measurements, δ13C values within the sediment suggest that a substantial amount (c. 40%) of the POC in the sediment was of terrestrial origin. At the same sites, previous studies have reported an annual release of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to mineralization from the sediment of 12.6 g C m-2 yr-1. The sum of the annual DIC release and the burial within the sediment
represents an expected total input to the sediment of 20.5 g C m-2 yr-1and compares well with the vertical flux measurement from the sediment trap of 17.0 g C m-2 yr-1 during the present study.
Relationships among cost, citation, and access in journal publishing by an ecology and evolutionary biology department at a U.S. university
Authors: Peterson A. Townsend , Cobos Marlon E. , Sikes Ben , Soberon Jorge , Osorio-Olvera Luis , Bolick Josh , Emmett Ada 
Published: January 2024

Background
Optimizing access to high-quality scientific journals has become an important priority for academic departments, including the ability to read the scientific literature and the ability to afford to publish papers in those journals. In this contribution, we assess the question of whether institutional investment in scientific journals aligns with the journals where researchers send their papers for publication, and where they serve as unpaid reviewers and editors.

Methods
We assembled a unique suite of information about the publishing habits of our Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, including summaries of 3,540 journal publications by 35 faculty members. These data include economic costs of journals to institutions and to authors, benefits to authors in terms of journal prestige and citation rates, and considerations of ease of reading access for individuals both inside and outside the university. This dataset included data on institutional costs, including subscription pricing (rarely visible to scholars), and “investment” by scholars in supporting journals, such as time spent as editors and reviewers.

Results
Our results highlighted the complex set of relationships between these factors, and showed that institutional costs often do not match well with payoffs in terms of benefits to researchers (e.g., citation rate, prestige of journal, ease of access). Overall, we advocate for greater cost-benefit transparency to help compare different journals and different journal business models; such transparency would help both researchers and their institutions in investing wisely the limited resources available to academics.
Prevalence of Needle Stick Injury among Healthcare Workers in Savelugu Municipal Hospital
Authors: Alaru Mumuni , Kyiu Catherine , Yariga Faustina Yin , Osman Alhassan 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa is home to over 28 million HIV-positive individuals, and over 95% of HIV infections occur in poor nations there. In Ghana, there are no official mechanisms in place that allow individuals to report Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) and receive advice specific to occupational health. Health care management does not prioritize it because of financial restrictions, and HCWs have not yet recognized it as a significant problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of needle stick injuries among staff at Savelugu Hospital.
Methods: Savelugu Hospital health trainees provided data for a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Three hundred and thirty-three health professionals were interviewed using the closed-ended and open-ended questionnaire. A simple random sampling method was employed to select research participants. A 95% confidence level was applied to all statistical analyses, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Findings: The age distribution is 34.00 with a standard deviation of 6.3. Of the 122, more over half (55.2%) were nurses, and 96.6 percent had infection prevention control (IPC) training. The majority of respondents (87.2%) reported having sustained a needle stick injury; 62.1% of those who suffered NSI did so using a hypodermic needle. According to the study, needle stick injuries were significantly correlated with age (p=0.031), sex (p=0.045), and highest educational status (p=0.004). The following are contributing factors to needle stick injuries: lack of guidelines on handling healthcare sharps (65.0%), poor housekeeping (20.7%), overuse of medical sharps (36.9%), unsafe medical sharps (36.9%), inadequate supply of barrier products (57.1%), unclear work procedure (57.1%), and unsafe practices (68.5%).
In conclusion: our study showed that among healthcare workers at Savelugu Hospital, NSIs were highly prevalent. The majority of NSIs were caused by hypodermic needles, one of the common sharps used in hospitals, and most responders had suffered an injury between one and two times in the past. Needlestick injuries were correlated with age, sex, and educational attainment.
Emergency Microscope Light Modification by External Source in Absence of Power Supply
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Microscope is an instrument for visualizing fine detail of an object so that observer can observe the object being examined in detail. The object of examination vary from cells (normal or pathologic), microorganism (such as parasite and bacterium), and even non biological part. There are several types of microscope, one of the oldest forms and still used today is the light microscope. A light microscope relied on continuous light source to operate. The most common source for today's microscopes is an incandescent tungsten-halogen bulb, which is solely electric dependent, positioned in a reflective housing that projects light through the collector lens and into the sub-stage condenser. Current situations sometimes require readiness for conducting microscopic examination anytime, anywhere. Unfortunately, problem occur if the electricity goes out, most people will not be able to continue their microscopic observations. This problem raises the question of what if in an emergency it is necessary to carry out a microscopic examination but unfortunately there is no power source. Below we propose emergency modification efforts so that the microscope can still be used even in conditions without a power source.
Aims: to modify an electric light microscope in such a way that it can continue to be used in the absence of an electrical power source using external source of light.
Discussion: Adding an external source of light is a brilliant approach in order to make the electric dependent light microscope still useable in emergency condition.
Conclusion: it is possible to modify an electric light microscope in the condition of no electric source available and make it operable.
Acute Oral Toxicity and Antispasmodic Effects of Two Extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) Immature Fruits on the Isolated Rat Duodenum
Authors: Nitiéma Mathieu , Belemnaba Lazare , Kaboré Boukaré , Ouédraogo Pegdwendé Esther , Ouédraogo Windingoudi Rimwagna Christian , Noura Oumarou Maman , Bélem-Kabré Wendkouni Leila Marie Esther , Traoré Tata Kadiatou , Compaoré Souleymane , Koala Moumouni , Nébié Bruno , Ouédraogo Noufou , Ouédraogo Sylvin 
Published: January 2024

Aims: Our study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, the spasmolytic effects, and the safety of use of hydroethanolic extract (HE_FDM) and aqueous macerate extract (AM_FDM) of Diospyros mespiliformis immature fruits.
Place and Duration of Study: Immature fruits of Diospyros mespiliformis were collected in August 2022 in Goundi, in the Sanguié Province of Burkina Faso. The experiments were conducted in September - December 2022 at Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments/IRSS/CNRST, Ouagadougou.
Methodology: Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and determining total polyphenols and flavonoids were carried out. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and LPO methods. The inhibitory activity of 15-lipoxygenase and Phospholipase A2 was evaluated. The ex vivo antispasmodic effect of extracts was tested on isolated rat duodenum using ACh and BaCl2 as contracting agents. Finally, acute oral toxicity was carried out on female mice (NMRI).
Results: At the end of these tests, the extracts contain tannins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides. HE_FDM gave the highest levels of total phenolics (71.32±2.26 mg TAE/g and flavonoids (16.37±0.24 mg QE/g). Of the two extracts, HE_FDM gave the best antioxidant activity. However, these activities were lower than the reference substances (p<0.05). The extracts have a moderate inhibitory effect on phospholipase A2 and 15-Lipoxygenase. In addition, the most active HE_FDM caused a spasmolytic effect with Emax of 98.87±5.14% and 81.61±7.56%, respectively, during contractions induced by BaCl2 and ACh. Finally, the extracts are practically non-toxic.
Conclusion: This work provided scientific data and could justify the use of D. mespiliformis immature fruits in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.