bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Clinical Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Pain in the Active Duty Army Personnel
Authors: Ee Juliana S , Hing Matthew S , Dogbey Godwin Y , Cook Marc A , Agnello Robert N , Skelly Stephanie K , Frost Landon S 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chronic pain is highly prevalent among soldiers leading to costly impacts on disability and readiness. Depression and anxiety (D&A) are frequently comorbid with chronic pain, but previous studies tend to focus on reporting the odds of co-occurrence. The aim of this study was to examine the association of properly diagnosed D&A disorders on chronic pain indicators among active duty soldiers.

Materials and Methods
Data were drawn from the intake assessments of 203 soldiers seen at an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Center. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 diagnostic criteria and the D&A subscales of the Patient Health Questionnaire were used to identify patients who met criteria for clinical depression or anxiety. Of the 203 patients, 129 met neither depression nor anxiety criteria (No D&A), 12 met clinical depression criteria only, 16 met clinical anxiety only, and 46 showed coexisting D&A disorders. The D&A and No D&A groups were compared using validated measures to assess the pain intensity rating and pain effect on well-being, physical functioning, and catastrophizing tendency. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test analyses.

Results
Significant differences were found between the D&A and No D&A groups on all pain-related measures (all Ps &lt; .001). Patients in the D&A group reported higher average intensity of pain (6.11 versus 5.05) and greater effect of pain on activity (6.91 versus 5.37), sleep (7.20 versus 4.90), emotional state (7.74 versus 4.47), and stress (8.13 versus 4.78). Depression and anxiety patients also reported higher pain-catastrophizing tendency (38.56 versus 18.50) and greater physical disability (18.20 versus 12.22).

Conclusions
Soldiers who have chronic pain with coexisting D&A disorders experience a greater degree of perceived negative impacts. Consequently, attentiveness to proper diagnosis and treatment of coexisting clinical mood disorders is an essential step in fully addressing chronic pain management.
Preliminary Head-Supported Mass Performance Guidance for Dismounted Soldier Environments
Authors: Madison Adrienne M , Holderfield M Reid , Olszko Ardyn V , Novotny Brian , McGovern Shannon M , Brozoski Frederick T , Shivers Bethany L , Chancey Valeta Carol 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The helmet is an ideal platform to mount technology that gives U.S. Soldiers an advantage over the enemy; the total system is recognized quantitatively as head-supported mass (HSM). The stress placed on the head and neck is magnified by adding mass and increasing the center of mass offset away from the atlanto-occipital complex, the head’s pivot point on the spine. Previous research has focused on HSM-related spinal degeneration and performance decrement in mounted environments. The increased capabilities and protection provided by helmet systems for dismounted Soldiers have made it necessary to determine the boundaries of HSM and center of mass offset unique to dismounted operations.

Materials and Methods
A human subject volunteer study was conducted to characterize the head and neck exposures and assess the impact of HSM on performance in a simulated field-dismounted operating environment. Data were analyzed from 21 subjects who completed the Load Effects Assessment Program-Army obstacle course at Fort Benning, GA, while wearing three different experimental HSM configurations. Four variable groups (physiologic/biomechanical, performance, kinematic, and subjective) were evaluated as performance assessments. Weight moments (WMs) corresponding to specific performance decrement levels were calculated using the quantitative relationships developed between each metric and the study HSM configurations. Data collected were used to develop the performance decrement HSM threshold criteria based on an average of 10% total performance decrement of dismounted Soldier performance responses.

Results
A WM of 134 N-cm about the atlanto-occipital complex was determined as the preliminary threshold criteria for an average of 10% total performance decrement. A WM of 164 N-cm was calculated for a corresponding 25% average total performance decrement.

Conclusions
The presented work is the first of its kind specifically for dismounted Soldiers. Research is underway to validate these limits and develop dismounted injury risk guidance.
Revisiting the classics: on the evolutionary origin of the ‘Fe ii’ and ‘He/N’ spectral classes of novae
Authors: Aydi E , Chomiuk L , Strader J , Sokolovsky K V , Williams R E , Buckley D A H , Ederoclite A , Izzo L , Kyer R , Linford J D , Kniazev A , Metzger B D , Mikołajewska J , Molaro P , Molina I , Mukai K , Munari U , Orio M , Panurach T , Shappee B J , Shen K J , Sokoloski J L , Urquhart R , Walter F M 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The optical spectra of novae are characterized by emission lines from the hydrogen Balmer series and either Fe ii or He/N, leading to their traditional classification into two spectral classes: ‘Fe ii’ and ‘He/N’. For decades, the origins of these spectral features were discussed in the literature in the contexts of different bodies of gas or changes in the opacity of the ejecta, particularly associated with studies by R. E. Williams and S. N. Shore. Here, we revisit these major studies with dedicated, modern data sets, covering the evolution of several novae from early rise to peak all the way to the nebular phase. Our data confirm previous suggestions in the literature that the ‘Fe ii’ and ‘He/N’ spectral classes are phases in the spectroscopic evolution of novae driven primarily by changes in the opacity, ionization, and density of the ejecta, and most if not all novae go through at least three spectroscopic phases as their eruptions evolve: an early He/N (phase 1; observed during the early rise to visible peak and characterized by P Cygni lines of He i and N ii/iii), then an Fe ii (phase 2; observed near visible peak and characterized by P Cygni lines of Fe ii and O i), and then a later He/N (phase 3; observed during the decline and characterized by emission lines of He i/ii, N ii/iii), before entering the nebular phase. This spectral evolution seems to be ubiquitous across novae, regardless of their speed class; however the duration of each of these phases differs based on the speed class of the nova.
Searching for the spectral depolarization of ASKAP one-off FRB sources
Authors: Uttarkar Pavan A , Shannon R M , Gourdji K , Deller A T , Day C K , Bhandari S 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are extragalactic transients of (sub-)millisecond duration that show wide-ranging spectral, temporal, and polarimetric properties. The polarimetric analysis of FRBs can be used to probe intervening media, study the emission mechanism, and test possible progenitor models. In particular, low-frequency depolarization of FRBs can identify dense, turbulent, magnetized, ionized plasma thought to be near the FRB progenitor. An ensemble of repeating FRBs has shown low-frequency depolarization. The depolarization is quantified by the parameter $\sigma _{\rm RM}\,$, which correlates with proxies for both the turbulence and mean magnetic field strength of the putative plasma. However, while many non-repeating FRBs show comparable scattering (and hence inferred turbulence) to repeating FRBs, it is unclear whether their surrounding environments are comparable to those of repeating FRBs. To test this, we analyse the spectro-polarimetric properties of five one-off FRBs and one repeating FRB, detected and localized by the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder. We search for evidence of depolarization due to $\sigma _{\rm RM}\,$ and consider models where the depolarization is intrinsic to the source. We find no evidence (for or against) the sample showing spectral depolarization. Under the assumption that FRBs have multipath propagation-induced depolarization, the correlation between our constraint on $\sigma _{\rm RM}\,$ and RM is consistent with repeating FRBs only if the values of $\sigma _{\rm RM}\,$ are much smaller than our upper limits. Additionally, the correlation between the constraints on $\sigma _{\rm RM}\,$ and τs is inconsistent with repeating FRBs. The observations provide further evidence for differences in the typical environments and sources of one-off and repeating FRBs.
Inefficient acceleration of electrons in the shocked wind of the massive star Θ1 Ori C within the Trapezium Cluster
Authors: Bednarek W 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Shocked winds of massive stars in young stellar clusters have been proposed as possible sites in which relativistic particles are accelerated. Electrons, accelerated in such an environment, are expected to efficiently Comptonize optical radiation (from massive stars) and the infrared radiation (rescattered by the dust within the cluster) producing GeV–TeV γ-rays. We investigate the time-dependent process of acceleration, propagation, and radiation of electrons in the stellar wind of the massive star Θ1 Ori C within the Trapezium Cluster. This cluster is located within the nearby Orion Nebula (M42). We show that the γ-ray emission expected from the Trapezium Cluster is consistent with the present observations of the Orion molecular cloud by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope provided that the efficiency of energy conversion from the stellar wind to relativistic electrons is very low, i.e. χ &lt; 10−4. For such low efficiencies, the γ-ray emission from electrons accelerated in the stellar wind of Θ1 Ori C can be only barely observed by the future Cherenkov telescopes, e.g. the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
Masses, revised radii, and a third planet candidate in the ‘Inverted’ planetary system around TOI-1266
Authors: Cloutier Ryan , Greklek-McKeon Michael , Wurmser Serena , Cherubim Collin , Gillis Erik , Vanderburg Andrew , Hadden Sam , Cadieux Charles , Artigau Étienne , Vissapragada Shreyas , Mortier Annelies , López-Morales Mercedes , Latham David W , Knutson Heather , Haywood Raphaëlle D , Pallé Enric , Doyon René , Cook Neil , Andreuzzi Gloria , Cecconi Massimo , Cosentino Rosario , Ghedina Adriano , Harutyunyan Avet , Pinamonti Matteo , Stalport Manu , Damasso Mario , Rescigno Federica , Wilson Thomas G , Buchhave Lars A , Charbonneau David , Cameron Andrew Collier , Dumusque Xavier , Lovis Christophe , Mayor Michel , Molinari Emilio , Pepe Francesco , Piotto Giampaolo , Rice Ken , Sasselov Dimitar , Ségransan Damien , Sozzetti Alessandro , Udry Stéphane , Watson Chris A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Is the population of close-in planets orbiting M dwarfs sculpted by thermally driven escape or is it a direct outcome of the planet formation process? A number of recent empirical results strongly suggest the latter. However, the unique architecture of the TOI-1266 system presents a challenge to models of planet formation and atmospheric escape given its seemingly ‘inverted’ architecture of a large sub-Neptune (Pb = 10.9 d, $R_{p,b}=2.62\pm 0.11\, \mathrm{R}_{\oplus }$) orbiting interior to that of the system’s smaller planet (Pc = 18.8 d, $R_{p,c}=2.13\pm 0.12\, \mathrm{R}_{\oplus }$). Here, we present revised planetary radii based on new TESS and diffuser-assisted ground-based transit observations, and characterize both planetary masses using a set of 145 radial velocity measurements from HARPS-N ($M_{p,b}=4.23\pm 0.69\, \mathrm{M}_{\oplus }, M_{p,c}=2.88\pm 0.80\, \mathrm{M}_{\oplus }$). Our analysis also reveals a third planet candidate (Pd = 32.3 d, $M_{p,d}\sin {i} = 4.59^{+0.96}_{-0.94}\, \mathrm{M}_{\oplus }$), which if real, would form a chain of near 5:3 period ratios, although the system is likely not in a mean motion resonance. Our results indicate that TOI-1266 b and c are among the lowest density sub-Neptunes around M dwarfs and likely exhibit distinct bulk compositions of a gas-enveloped terrestrial (Xenv,b = 5.5 ± 0.7 per cent) and a water-rich world (WMFc = 59 ± 14 per cent), which is supported by hydrodynamic escape models. If distinct bulk compositions are confirmed through atmospheric characterization, the system’s unique architecture would represent an interesting test case of inside-out sub-Neptune formation at pebble traps.
Characterizing cool, neutral gas, and ionized metals in the outskirts of low-z galaxy clusters
Authors: Mishra Sapna , Muzahid Sowgat , Dutta Sayak , Srianand Raghunathan , Charlton Jane 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first detection of cool, neutral gas in the outskirts of low-z galaxy clusters using a statistically significant sample of 3191 z ≈ 0.2 background quasar-foreground cluster pairs by cross-matching the Hubble Spectroscopic Legacy Archive quasar catalogue with optically- and SZ-selected cluster catalogues. The median cluster mass of our sample is ≈1014.2 $\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$ with a median impact parameter (ρcl) of ≈5 Mpc. We detect significant Lyα, marginal C iv, but no O vi absorption in the signal-to-noise ratio weighted mean stacked spectra with rest-frame equivalent widths of 0.096 ± 0.011, 0.032 ± 0.015, and &lt;0.009 Å (3σ) for our sample. The Lyα REW shows a declining trend with increasing ρcl (ρcl/R500), which is well explained by a power-law with a slope of −0.79 (−0.70). The covering fractions (CFs) measured for Lyα (21 per cent), C iv (10 per cent), and O vi (10 per cent) in cluster outskirts are significantly lower than in the circumgalatic medium (CGM). We also find that the CGM of galaxies that are closer to cluster centres or that are in massive clusters is considerably deficient in neutral gas. The low CF of the Lyα along with the non-detection of Lyα signal when the strong absorbers ($N(\rm{H\,{\small I}}) &gt; 10^{13}$ cm−2) are excluded, indicate the patchy distribution of cool gas in the outskirts. We argue that the cool gas in cluster outskirts in combination arises from the circumgalactic gas stripped from cluster galaxies and to large-scale filaments feeding the clusters with cool gas.
The effect of sculpting planets on the steepness of debris-disc inner edges
Authors: Pearce Tim D , Krivov Alexander V , Sefilian Antranik A , Jankovic Marija R , Löhne Torsten , Morgner Tobias , Wyatt Mark C , Booth Mark , Marino Sebastian 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Debris discs are our best means to probe the outer regions of planetary systems. Many studies assume that planets lie at the inner edges of debris discs, akin to Neptune and the Kuiper Belt, and use the disc morphologies to constrain those otherwise-undetectable planets. However, this produces a degeneracy in planet mass and semimajor axis. We investigate the effect of a sculpting planet on the radial surface-density profile at the disc inner edge, and show that this degeneracy can be broken by considering the steepness of the edge profile. Like previous studies, we show that a planet on a circular orbit ejects unstable debris and excites surviving material through mean-motion resonances. For a non-migrating, circular-orbit planet, in the case where collisions are negligible, the steepness of the disc inner edge depends on the planet-to-star mass ratio and the initial-disc excitation level. We provide a simple analytic model to infer planet properties from the steepness of ALMA-resolved disc edges. We also perform a collisional analysis, showing that a purely planet-sculpted disc would be distinguishable from a purely collisional disc and that, whilst collisions flatten planet-sculpted edges, they are unlikely to fully erase a planet’s signature. Finally, we apply our results to ALMA-resolved debris discs and show that, whilst many inner edges are too steep to be explained by collisions alone, they are too flat to arise through completed sculpting by non-migrating, circular-orbit planets. We discuss implications of this for the architectures, histories, and dynamics in the outer regions of planetary systems.
Scalable Surveillance of E-Cigarette Products on Instagram and TikTok Using Computer Vision
Authors: Vassey Julia , Kennedy Chris J , Herbert Chang Ho-Chun , Smith Ashley S , Unger Jennifer B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Instagram and TikTok, video-based social media platforms popular among adolescents, contain tobacco-related content despite the platforms’ policies prohibiting substance-related posts. Prior research identified themes in e-cigarette-related social media posts using qualitative or text-based machine learning methods. We developed an image-based computer vision model to identify e-cigarette products in social media images and videos.

Aims and Methods
We created a data set of 6999 Instagram images labeled for 8 object classes: mod or pod devices, e-juice containers, packaging boxes, nicotine warning labels, e-juice flavors, e-cigarette brand names, and smoke clouds. We trained a DyHead object detection model using a Swin-Large backbone, evaluated the model’s performance on 20 Instagram and TikTok videos, and applied the model to 14 072 e-cigarette-related promotional TikTok videos (2019–2022; 10 276 485 frames).

Results
The model achieved the following mean average precision scores on the image test set: e-juice container: 0.89; pod device: 0.67; mod device: 0.54; packaging box: 0.84; nicotine warning label: 0.86; e-cigarette brand name: 0.71; e-juice flavor name: 0.89; and smoke cloud: 0.46. The prevalence of pod devices in promotional TikTok videos increased by 15% from 2019 to 2022. The prevalence of e-juices increased by 33% from 2021 to 2022. The prevalence of e-juice flavor names and e-cigarette brand names increased by about 100% from 2019 to 2022.

Conclusions
Deep learning-based object detection technology enables automated analysis of visual posts on social media. Our computer vision model can detect the presence of e-cigarettes products in images and videos, providing valuable surveillance data for tobacco regulatory science (TRS).

Implications
Prior research identified themes in e-cigarette-related social media posts using qualitative or text-based machine learning methods. We developed an image-based computer vision model to identify e-cigarette products in social media images and videos. We trained a DyHead object detection model using a Swin-Large backbone, evaluated the model’s performance on 20 Instagram and TikTok videos featuring at least two e-cigarette objects, and applied the model to 14 072 e-cigarette-related promotional TikTok videos (2019–2022; 10 276 485 frames). The deep learning model can be used for automated, scalable surveillance of image- and video-based e-cigarette-related promotional content on social media, providing valuable data for TRS. Social media platforms could use computer vision to identify tobacco-related imagery and remove it promptly, which could reduce adolescents’ exposure to tobacco content online.
Hydrogen cyanamide exposure: a case series from Pavia Poison Control Centre
Authors: Bernasconi L , Carnovale M , Lonati D , Petrolini V M , Schicchi A , Brolli B , Negrini V M , Grazioli C , Maystrova O , Buscaglia E , Scaravaggi Giulia , Crema F , Locatelli C A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Hydrogen cyanamide is a plant growth regulator introduced in Italy as Dormex in 2000, but recalled from the market in 2008. It’s currently not authorized in Europe. Inhalation/dermal contact may cause irritation/caustic burns, ingestion of severe organ damage and concomitant alcohol consumption disulfiram-like reaction due to aldehyde-dehydrogenase inhibition by hydrogen cyanamide.

Aims
To study all exposure cases referred to our centre, evaluating temporal and geographic distribution and analysing clinical manifestations, including the ones after alcohol consumption.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated all hydrogen cyanamide exposures referred to our Poison Control Centre (January 2007–December 2021). For each case, age, sex, exposure route/year, geographical location, intent of exposure, alcohol co-ingestion, emergency department-admission Poison Severity Score, signs/symptoms and treatment were analysed.

Results
Thirty subjects were included. Median case/year was 1 [1; 2]: 79% occurred after market withdrawal, 92% in Sicily. All exposures were unintentional and work related; 41% of patients also co-ingested alcohol. Mean poison severity score at emergency department admission was 1.54, more severe when ingestion occurred. The most common signs/symptoms were flushing, secondary to peripheral vasodilation (41%), hyperaemia/erythema (29%), dyspnoea (25%), nausea (20%), vomiting (12%), oedema (12%), II–III degrees burns (12%) and pharyngodynia (12%). All patients were treated symptomatically and fully recovered.

Conclusions
Hydrogen cyanamide exposure can lead to severe clinical manifestations. Despite its withdrawal from the Italian market, hydrogen cyanamide is still used: through PCC’s crucial role in monitoring exposure to agricultural products efforts should be made to contrast illegal trade and increase awareness of its potential toxicity in those countries in which it’s still legal.
Bayesian model comparison for simulation-based inference
Authors: Spurio Mancini A , Docherty M M , Price M A , McEwen J D 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComparison of appropriate models to describe observational data is a fundamental task of science. The Bayesian model evidence, or marginal likelihood, is a computationally challenging, yet crucial, quantity to estimate to perform Bayesian model comparison. We introduce a methodology to compute the Bayesian model evidence in simulation-based inference (SBI) scenarios (often called likelihood-free inference). In particular, we leverage the recently proposed learned harmonic mean estimator and exploit the fact that it is decoupled from the method used to generate posterior samples, i.e. it requires posterior samples only, which may be generated by any approach. This flexibility, which is lacking in many alternative methods for computing the model evidence, allows us to develop SBI model comparison techniques for the three main neural density estimation approaches, including neural posterior estimation, neural likelihood estimation, and neural ratio estimation. We demonstrate and validate our SBI evidence calculation techniques on a range of inference problems, including a gravitational wave example. Moreover, we further validate the accuracy of the learned harmonic mean estimator, implemented in the harmonic software, in likelihood-based settings. These results highlight the potential of harmonic as a sampler-agnostic method to estimate the model evidence in both likelihood-based and simulation-based scenarios.