bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of strategic alliance in developing supplier relationships for sustainable procurement
Authors: Suliantoro H , Ardyansyah H R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The relationship between economic development and environmental pollution has become a crucial global concern. In the last three decades, the manufacturing sector has witnessed a growing need for preserving resources, adopting renewable energy sources, enhancing water infrastructure, and minimizing the release of greenhouse gases due to its escalating environment impact. The ability of decision-makers to analyse complicated cause and effect linkages between criteria and take appropriate actions based on such analysis is critical to decision-making efficiency. This research integrates DEMATEL and ANP methods that support decision-making by evaluating 3 factors and 15 selected subfactors. First, the DEMATEL method is used to determine the interrelationships between the predetermined main criteria. The ANP methodology is then used to determine the local weights of the components and subfactors based on the cause-and-effect correlations derived via the DEMATEL method. The local weights are input into the ANP matrix, and the calculation is run to determine a supplier relationship management strategy. The ANP calculation resulted in the alliance strategy as the priority strategy. This study contributes to finding key factors in evaluating sustainable supplier criteria for supply chain sustainability in the leather products industry, including cost, quality, financial capability, labour practices, green competence, and green image. Strategy implementation is provided based on the selected strategy concept.
A comparative study of two types of anode electrodes in a microbial fuel cell for producing bioelectricity from residential wastewater
Authors: Munfarida I , Munir M , Nilandita W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The increasing of population growth is positively correlated with the energy demand which leads to fossil fuel depletion. New renewable energy is one of the solutions to address the future energy crisis. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the renewable energy sources since this device is able to convert chemical energy into electrical energy by using microorganisms. Many researchers have studied MFCs from wastewater as a medium for producing electricity through MFC systems. MFC performance depends on microbe metabolism, membrane, and electrodes. This study compared bioelectricity generation on a Batch System of Microbial Fuel Cell from residential wastewater using two types of anode electrodes (zinc plate and graphite rod). The consortium of indigenous wastewater bacteria has been used for MFC. An artificial membrane was made in the laboratory derived from the chitosan-jelly combination. Chitosan was extracted from crustacean shells. The research was conducted in the laboratory by directly measuring the voltage on the MFC system for three (3) days. This research reveals that the MFCs with zinc plate anode electrodes generated higher voltage throughout the days evaluated, with peaks of 970 mV. Meanwhile, MFC with graphite rod anode resulted in 880 mV maximum. This research finding of MFCs with zinc plate as electrode materials could be the key to sustainable bioelectricity generation from wastewater.
Pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic waste: An analysis of oil quantity, density, viscosity, and calorific value
Authors: Khair H , Listiany B , Utami R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Owing to the inability of the material to biodegrade, the handling of plastic waste presents a considerable challenge. Pyrolysis is a plastic waste management method that solves the problem of plastic waste volume through chemical recycling. This study aims to assess the quantity and quality of the density, viscosity, and calorific value of oil produced from the pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) plastic and compare it to commercial oils. This research used 15 kg of PP plastic waste. The pyrolysis process was conducted at temperatures ranging from to 250-350°C. The amount of extracted PP pyrolysis oil was 12.730 L. The oil derived from the pyrolysis of PP plastic had a density of 811 kg/m3 at 250°C and 782 kg/m3 at 350°C. The PP plastic had the highest viscosity at 250°C, and 2.02cP, and the lowest viscosity at 350°C, and 0.86cP. The oil from PP plastic pyrolysis had a maximum calorific value of 10, 870 kcal/g at 350°C and the lowest calorific value of 10, 386 kcal/g at 250°C. Compared with open burning, the pyrolysis treatment of plastic waste can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 99 percent. However, the energy required for the pyrolysis process is 400 times greater than that provided by the pyrolysis oil product.
Analysis of the Potential of Watersheds as a Source of Raw Water in the Batang Integrated Industrial Area (KITB) in Cluster 1
Authors: Amartia N. U. , Syafrudin  , Sarminingsih A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Batang Integrated Industrial Area (KITB) is located in Banyuputih District, Batang Regency, Central Java, with a total area of 4,300 Ha and currently what has been developed is cluster 1 covering an area of 3100 Ha. Water has a central role in human and industrial activities, with potential impacts on health, worker safety, and the environment. The main problem is the uncertainty of raw water supply which poses a risk to Environment Health Safety (EHS). Therefore, this research aims to identify and analyze water sources, by EHS objectives, because safe water supply is key to environmental and worker safety. The water balance method is used to analyze water needs and availability. Analyze water needs in industrial areas by taking into account data for each type of industry. Water availability analysis includes the identification of raw water sources, including groundwater and surface water, taking into account that excessive exploitation of groundwater can hurt EHS. In contrast, surface water and rainwater collection are sustainable alternatives that are relevant to environmental and safety concerns. The research involved calculations using rainfall data from the Subah Rain Station and climatology data from the Central Java Climatology Station during the 2021-2022 period, as well as discharge analysis using the Mock Method. The research results display the potential of the river basin and show that rainwater collection can effectively overcome EHS challenges related to water availability in the Batang Integrated Industrial Area.
Micro and Macro Scale Policy Framework to Decrease Risk of Flood Disasters in Central Java Province
Authors: Muktiali Mohammad , Sudharto Hadi P. , Purnaweni Hartuti 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Flood disasters dominate disaster events in Central Java Province, as many as twenty-three out of thirty-five regencies/cities in Central Java Province fall into the category of high-level flood disaster areas. The potential population exposed to floods is 25,463,472 people. Physical loss and the economy due to the flood 79,846.4 million rupiah so there are in the high class while environmental damage is 1,080 hectares which is also in the high class. The purpose of this study is to examine macro and micro scale policies to increase flood resilience in Central Java Province. The research approach was conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. A quantitative approach is used to evaluate the determinants of flood disaster resilience on a micro scale; while the qualitative approach is used to find patterns relationship of flood disaster resilience that is interactive on a macro scale. The results of the research show that the macro aspects of policy are related to technology, infrastructure, ecology, and socio-political aspects related to flood disaster management. While the micro aspect is related to community livelihood assets in the form of human resource assets. Implementation of macro & micro scale policies in Central Java (in this case Semarang City) is closely related to increasing community resilience to reduce the risk of flooding in the region.
Field Survey Analysis of CO2 Concentration and Its Impact on Sleep Efficiency in University Dormitory
Authors: Budiawan Wiwik , Prastawa Heru , Merdeka Gusti Fattahillah Putra , Ari Shania Mustika , Phommachak Tammany 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on sleep efficiency in university dormitories. The quality of the indoor environment, including CO2 concentrations, can significantly influence the health and comfort of dormitory occupants. Poor sleep efficiency can lead to long-term cognitive disturbances and health problems. Therefore, understanding the relationship between CO2 levels and sleep efficiency in the university dormitory environment is crucial to improving the living conditions of students. The study was carried out through field surveys at Diponegoro University Dormitory. The real-time CO2 data in the rooms was measured using a logger monitoring device. In addition, the sleep efficiency of the students was evaluated using sleep tracking devices and sleep journals filled out by the participants. Other data, such as ventilation rates and room temperature, were also collected as determinants of environmental quality. The results of the analysis revealed a significant association between CO2 levels (665.33 ± 207,20 ppm) and sleep efficiency (86,71 ± 3,11 %). High levels of CO2 were found to be associated with lower sleep efficiency, leading to sleep disturbances and irregular sleep patterns. Other environmental factors, such as ventilation rates, were also relevant to sleep efficiency.
Model of settlement carrying capacity in Semarang Regency in 2021-2040
Authors: Sinuraya Bramuli Aidi Nisura , Septiarani Bintang , Yesiana Reny , Astuti Khristiana Dwi , Anggraini Pratamaningtyas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Semarang Regency is one of the regencies/cities in Central Java Province which is incorporated into the KEDUNGSEPUR regional system. Semarang Regency has a population of 1,053,094 in 2020 with a population growth rate of 1.28%. The increasing population from year to year will certainly affect the environment quality. The population that exceeds the environment carrying capacity can result in limited availability of infrastructure and natural resources. In regional development, the environment carrying capacity is a benchmark for creating a sustainable environment. The aim of this research is to compile a model of the settlement carrying capacity for the next 20 years so that it is known when the settlement carrying capacity in Semarang Regency is exceeded. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method through spatial analysis and population projections. The results of the analysis show that the land area suitable for settlement areas in Semarang Regency is 23,864.4 hectares. The recommended treatment measures to overcome the low settlements carrying capacity of Semarang Regency are population distribution that leads to six districts that still have a DDPm value of >1, controlling population growth, the direction of vertical housing development, and optimizing regional development in each urban center.
Nonlinear dynamics of the reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode in burning plasmas
Authors: WANG 王 Tao 涛 , WEI 魏 Shizhao 士朝 , BRIGUGLIO Sergio , VLAD Gregorio , ZONCA Fulvio , QIU 仇 Zhiyong 志勇 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In a tokamak fusion reactor operated at steady state, the equilibrium magnetic field is likely to have reversed shear in the core region, as the noninductive bootstrap current profile generally peaks off-axis. The reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) as a unique branch of the shear Alfvén wave in this equilibrium, can exist with a broad spectrum in wavenumber and frequency, and be resonantly driven unstable by energetic particles (EP). After briefly discussing the RSAE linear properties in burning plasma condition, we review several key topics of the nonlinear dynamics for the RSAE through both wave-EP resonance and wave-wave coupling channels, and illustrate their potentially important role in reactor-scale fusion plasmas. By means of simplified hybrid MHD-kinetic simulations, the RSAEs are shown to have typically broad phase space resonance structure with both circulating and trapped EP, as results of weak/vanishing magnetic shear and relatively low frequency. Through the route of wave-EP nonlinearity, the dominant saturation mechanism is mainly due to the transported resonant EP radially decoupling with the localized RSAE mode structure, and the resultant EP transport generally has a convective feature. The saturated RSAEs also undergo various nonlinear couplings with other collective oscillations. Two typical routes as parametric decay and modulational instability are studied using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory, and applied to the scenario of spontaneous excitation by a finite amplitude pump RSAE. Multiple RSAEs could naturally couple and induce the spectral energy cascade into a low frequency Alfvénic mode, which may effectively transfer the EP energy to fuel ions via collisionless Landau damping. Moreover, zero frequency zonal field structure could be spontaneously excited by modulation of the pump RSAE envelope, and may also lead to saturation of the pump RSAE by both scattering into stable domain and local distortion of the continuum structure.
OpenStreetMap for multi-faceted climate risk assessments
Authors: Mühlhofer Evelyn , Kropf Chahan M , Riedel Lukas , Bresch David N , Koks Elco E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Natural hazards pose significant risks to human lives, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Understanding risks along all these dimensions is critical for effective adaptation planning and risk management. However, climate risk assessments mostly focus on population, economic asset values, and road or building infrastructure, because publicly available data on more diverse exposures are scarce. The increasing availability of crowd-sourced geospatial data, notably from OpenStreetMap, opens up a novel means for assessing climate risk to a large range of physical assets. To this end, we present a stand-alone, lightweight, and highly flexible Python-based OpenStreetMap data extraction tool: OSM-flex. To demonstrate the potential and limitations of OpenStreetMap data for risk assessments, we couple OSM-flex to the open-source natural hazard risk assessment platform CLIMADA and compute winter storm risk and event impacts from winter storm Lothar across Switzerland to forests, UNESCO heritage sites, railways, healthcare facilities, and airports. Contrasting spatial patterns of risks on such less conventional exposure layers with more traditional risk metrics (asset damages and affected population) reveals that risk hot-spots are inhomogeneously and distinctly distributed. For instance, impacts on forestry are mostly expected in Western Switzerland in the Jura mountain chain, whereas economic asset damages are concentrated in the urbanized regions around Basel and Zurich and certain train lines may be most often affected in Central Switzerland and alpine valleys. This study aims to highlight the importance of conducting multi-faceted and high-resolution climate risk assessments and provides researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers with potential open-source software tools and data suggestions for doing so.
B and N substitutional co-doping in 7AGNRs
Authors: Menchón Rodrigo E , Delgado-Enales Iñigo , Sánchez-Portal Daniel , Garcia-Lekue Aran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
On-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons enables engineering their electronic and magnetic properties, which sensitively depend on their precise bonding structure, morphology and chemical composition. Here, we investigate nitrogen and boron co-doping in order to better understand the effects of simultaneous chemical substitution in sites along the backbone of 7AGNRs. In a comparative analysis with the pristine system, the origin of the impurity bands that nitro-borylated systems exhibit was addressed. In addition to this, we studied the appearance of an electric dipolar moment, the charge transfer mechanism behind it and its dependence on the distance between BN centres. The high defect concentration limit and the dilute limit were investigated, along with various doping schemes with four substitutional doping sites and the possible emergence of magnetism in these systems.
Robust security model utilizing 4D hyper-digital chaotic sequence for joint-polar coding and SCMA scheme-based IoT applications
Authors: Muhammed Younus Ameen , Al-Maqdici Raghad Zuhair Yousif 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, driven by the emergence of 5G technology, necessitates faster and more secure connections for real-time data transfer. To address this, a combined approach called JPC-SCMA, which involves integrating Polar Code (PC) with sparse code multiple access (SCMA), is proposed to ensure efficient and reliable communication while minimizing errors. PC enhance hardware efficiency and throughput in 5G networks, serving as effective channel coding. SCMA enables users to decode shared resource communications, but this method introduces security concerns, especially for untrusted users. This study introduces a novel security technique for JPC-SCMA in IoT systems. It employs lightweight cipher-based security methods and a 4D-hyperdigital chaotic key generator to create necessary key sets. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed secure system, achieving zero Bit Error Rate (BER) at SNR = 9 with a small SNR penalty (1.5 dB at 10−4 BER) compared to the less secure system. The security model generates a robust key space (∼10220 bits), thwarting exhaustive attacks. Model efficiency is validated through metrics such as Entropy, Similarity, correlation, Number of Pixel Changes Rate, and stands for Unified Average Change Intensity, especially when transmitting multiple digital images.
What is comparative law?
Authors: Ragone Sabrina , Smorto Guido 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the origins, content, and main targets of comparative law. It situates legal comparison as a latecomer vis-à-vis other comparative disciplines, drawing inspiration from fields such as those of linguistics and religion, which set the standards of comparative methodologies. The chapter also presents the two-fold dimension of legal comparison, combining purely theoretical purposes and practical targets aimed at international integration, imitation, and conflict resolution. In both dimensions, comparative studies have embraced an increasingly relativistic and open-minded approach to the sources of law. This attitude has grown as the scope of comparative law has moved further away from its focus on Western standards.
Revolutions: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Goldstone Jack A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the 20th and 21st century revolutions have become more urban, often less violent, but also more frequent and more transformative of the international order. Whether it is the revolutions against Communism in Eastern Europe and the USSR; the “color revolutions” across Asia, Europe and North Africa; or the religious revolutions in Iran, Afghanistan, and Syria; today’s revolutions are quite different from those of the past. Modern theories of revolution have therefore replaced the older class-based theories with more varied, dynamic, and contingent models of social and political change. This new edition updates the history of revolutions, from Classical Greece and Rome to the Revolution of Dignity in the Ukraine, with attention to the changing types and outcomes of revolutionary struggles. It also presents the latest advances in the theory of revolutions, including the issues of revolutionary waves, revolutionary leadership, international influences, and the likelihood of revolutions to come. This volume provides a brief but comprehensive introduction to the nature of revolutions and their role in global history.
Color revolutions: the Philippines, Eastern Europe and the USSR, and Ukraine
Authors: Goldstone Jack A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the late twentieth century, non-violent revolutions became far more common, with many regimes falling in the face of widespread peaceful protests. These became known as “colour revolutions” after the colourful ribbons worn by protestors to identify their cause. Among the best known are the People Power revolution that drove Ferdinand Marcos from power in the Philippines, the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, and the Orange Revolution in Ukraine. Non-violent protests also toppled the communist regimes in Poland, East Germany, and Hungary and led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Such revolutions continued into 2014 in Ukraine and 2018 in Armenia.
An assessment of worker exposure to respirable dust and crystalline silica in workshops fabricating engineered stone
Authors: Weller Michael , Clemence Dennis , Lau Abe , Rawlings Mark , Robertson Amy , Sankaran Bhoopathy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is a significant silicosis risk for workers fabricating engineered stone (ES) products containing crystalline silica. The aims of this study by SafeWork NSW were to: (i) assess current worker exposure to respirable dust (RD) and respirable crystalline silica (RCS) following a 5-y awareness and compliance program of inspections in ES workshops and (ii) to identify improvements in work practices from the available evidence base to further reduce exposures. One hundred and twenty-three personal full shift samples taken on as many workers and 34 static samples across 27 workshops fabricating ES were included in the final assessment.
The exposure assessment was conducted using Casella Higgins–Dewell cyclones (Casella TSI) placed in the breathing zone of workers attached to SKC Air Check XR 5000 or SKC Chek TOUCH sampling pumps. Sample filters were sent to an ISO (2017) 17025:2017 accredited laboratory for gravimetric analysis for RD and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine the amount of deposited RCS i.e. alpha-quartz and cristobalite.
All workshops used wet methods of fabrication. The geometric mean (GM) of the pooled result for respirable dust (RD) was 0.09 mg/m3 TWA-8 h and 0.034 mg/m3 TWA-8 h for RCS. The highest exposed workers with a GM RCS of 0.062 mg/m3 TWA-8 h were those using pneumatic hand tools for cutting or grinding combined with polishing tasks. Workers operating semiautomated routers and edge polishers had the lowest GM RCS exposures of 0.022 mg/m3 TWA-8 h and 0.018 mg/m3 TWA-8 h respectively. Although ES workers remain exposed to RCS above the workplace exposure limit (WEL) of 0.05 mg/m 3 TWA-8 h, these results point to a very substantial reduction in exposures compared to poorly controlled dry methods of fabrication. Therefore, the wearing of respiratory protection by workers remains necessary until further control measures are more widely adopted across the entire industry e.g. reduction in the crystalline silica content of ES.