bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−H Bond Functionalization of 1,4‐Benzoxazinones
Authors: Kumar Shankar , Ravi Rangnath , Sahu Tanu , Jha Vikesh Kumar , Baweja Renu , Jha Abadh Kishor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present review shows metal‐catalyzed oxidative C(sp3)‐H/C(sp2)‐H bond functionalization of 1,4‐benzoxazinones by utilizing various substrates such as indoles, phosphites or phosphine oxides, malonate esters, and resorcinol, which lead to the formation of new C−C or C−P bonds. The metal catalysts used for these couplings include Fe, Cu, Ag, and Ru. This follows a strategy involving either the one‐electron oxidation process (OEO), ball milling technique, or photocatalytic process. The synthesized products in this method show usefulness in natural products, materials, agriculture, and medicinal chemistry.
Animal models of eosinophilic esophagitis, review and perspectives
Authors: Li Dong , Wei Yujia , Wang Jing , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an allergen/immune‐mediated chronic esophageal disease characterized by esophageal mucosal eosinophilic infiltration and esophageal dysfunction. Although the disease was originally attributed to a delayed allergic reaction to allergens and a Th2‐type immune response, the exact pathogenesis is complex, and the efficacy of existing treatments is unsatisfactory. Therefore, the study of the pathophysiological process of EOE has received increasing attention. Animal models have been used extensively to study the molecular mechanism of EOE pathogenesis and also provide a preclinical platform for human clinical intervention studies of novel therapeutic agents. To maximize the use of existing animal models of EOE, it is important to understand the advantages or limitations of each modeling approach. This paper systematically describes the selection of experimental animals, types of allergens, and methods of sensitization and excitation during the preparation of animal models of EoE. It also discusses the utility and shortcomings of each model with the aim of providing the latest perspectives on EoE models and leading to better choices of animal models.
A novel mouse model of calcific aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Qian Ningjing , Wang Yaping , Hu Wangxing , Cao Naifang , Qian Yi , Chen Jinyong , Fang Juan , Xu Dilin , Hu Haochang , Yang Shuangshuang , Zhou Dao , Dai Hanyi , Wei Dongdong , Wang Jian'an , Liu Xianbao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCalcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is one of the most challenging heart diseases in clinical with rapidly increasing prevalence. However, study of the mechanism and treatment of CAVS is hampered by the lack of suitable, robust and efficient models that develop hemodynamically significant stenosis and typical calcium deposition. Here, we aim to establish a mouse model to mimic the development and features of CAVS.MethodsThe model was established via aortic valve wire injury (AVWI) combined with vitamin D subcutaneous injected in wild type C57/BL6 mice. Serial transthoracic echocardiography was applied to evaluate aortic jet peak velocity and mean gradient. Histopathological specimens were collected and examined in respect of valve thickening, calcium deposition, collagen accumulation, osteogenic differentiation and inflammation.ResultsSerial transthoracic echocardiography revealed that aortic jet peak velocity and mean gradient increased from 7 days post model establishment in a time dependent manner and tended to be stable at 28 days. Compared with the sham group, simple AVWI or the vitamin D group, the hybrid model group showed typical pathological features of CAVS, including hemodynamic alterations, increased aortic valve thickening, calcium deposition, collagen accumulation at 28 days. In addition, osteogenic differentiation, fibrosis and inflammation, which play critical roles in the development of CAVS, were observed in the hybrid model.ConclusionsWe established a novel mouse model of CAVS that could be induced efficiently, robustly and economically, and without genetic intervention. It provides a fast track to explore the underlying mechanisms of CAVS and to identify more effective pharmacological targets.
Cell Membrane as A Promising Therapeutic Target: From Materials Design to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Hu Jing‐Jing , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe cell membrane is a crucial component of cells, protecting their integrity and stability while facilitating signal transduction and information exchange. Therefore, disrupting its structure or impairing its functions can potentially cause irreversible cell damage. Presently, the tumor cell membrane is recognized as a promising therapeutic target for various treatment methods. Given the extensive research focused on cell membranes, it is both necessary and timely to discuss these developments, from materials design to specific biomedical applications. This review covers treatments based on functional materials targeting the cell membrane, ranging from well‐known membrane‐anchoring photodynamic therapy to recent lysosome‐targeting chimaeras for protein degradation. The diverse therapeutic mechanisms are introduced in the following sections: membrane‐anchoring phototherapy, self‐assembly on the membrane, in situ biosynthesis on the membrane, and degradation of cell membrane proteins by chimeras. In each section, we outline the conceptual design or general structure derived from numerous studies, emphasizing representative examples to understand advancements and draw inspiration. Finally, we discuss some challenges and future directions in membrane‐targeted therapy from our perspective. This review aims to engage multidisciplinary readers and encourage researchers in related fields to advance the fundamental theories and practical applications of membrane‐targeting therapeutic agents.
Delocalization Engineering of Heme‐Mimetic Artificial Enzymes for Augmented Reactive Oxygen Catalysis
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Zhenyang , Chen Fan , Xu Xiaohui , Xu Lizhi , Cheng Liang , Adeli Mohsen , Luo Xianglin , Cheng Chong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping artificial enzymes based on organic molecules or polymers for reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related catalysis has broad applicability. Herein, inspired by porphyrin‐based heme mimics, we report the synthesis of polyphthalocyanine‐based conjugated polymers (Fe‐PPc‐AE) as a new porphyrin‐evolving structure to serve as efficient and versatile artificial enzymes for augmented reactive oxygen catalysis. Owing to the structural advantages, such as enhanced π‐conjugation networks and π‐electron delocalization, promoted electron transfer, and unique Fe−N coordination centers, Fe‐PPc‐AE showed more efficient ROS‐production activity in terms of Vmax and turnover numbers as compared with porphyrin‐based conjugated polymers (Fe‐PPor‐AE), which also surpassed reported state‐of‐the‐art artificial enzymes in their activity. More interestingly, by changing the reaction medium and substrates, Fe‐PPc‐AE also revealed significantly improved activity and environmental adaptivity in many other ROS‐related biocatalytic processes, validating the potential of Fe‐PPc‐AE to replace conventional (poly)porphyrin‐based heme mimics for ROS‐related catalysis, biosensors, or biotherapeutics. It is suggested that this study will offer essential guidance for designing artificial enzymes based on organic molecules or polymers.
Electromagnetic shielding Janus membrane for direct current‐type pressure and sliding sensing
Authors: Feng Jiyuan , Lv Nan , Liu Cheng , Lyu Zhiwei , Zhang Yuteng , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFacing increasing electromagnetic radiation pollution, soft sensors with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is highly desirable. Here, flexible electromagnetic shielding [polyacrylonitrile/Fe3O4/polyaniline]//[multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyvinyl pyrrolidone] (denoted [PAN/Fe3O4/PANI]//[MWCNT/PVP]) Janus membrane is reported for pressure and sliding sensing. The [PAN/Fe3O4/PANI] layer of Janus membrane as the force and sliding sensing unit can generate direct current‐type (DC‐type) voltage signals by conducting polymer/metal Schottky junction, whereas [MWCNT/PVP] layer serves as main electromagnetic shielding unit. Under the vertical force and horizontal sliding of aluminum (Al) foil, it can output DC‐type voltage signals based on the Schottky contact. The performance of [PAN/Fe3O4/PANI]//[MWCNT/PVP] Janus membrane for pressure and sliding sensing is appropriately explored and assessed. Moreover, the Janus membrane exhibits excellent shielding effects with average EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 37.54 dB in 8.2–12.4 GHz (X‐Band) frequency ranges. Thus, based on the asymmetrical double‐layer structure, soft DC‐type sensor with EMI shielding is achieved, showing utilization potential in wearable electronics and intelligent robots.
Mirror, mirror? An evaluation of identical twin mirroring in tooth crown morphology
Authors: McCrary Tess , Hughes Toby , Brook Alan H. , Paul Kathleen S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt has been estimated that 25% of monozygotic (“identical”) twin pairs exhibit reverse asymmetry (RA) or “mirroring” of minor anatomical features as a result of delayed zygote division. Here, we examine whether identical twin mirroring accounts for patterns of dental asymmetry in a sample of monozygotic and dizygotic (“fraternal”) twins. We focus on crown morphology to approach the following question: is there an association between dental RA frequency and twin type suggestive of the presence of mirror image twins in our sample? Data were collected from 208 deciduous and 196 permanent dentitions of participants of the University of Adelaide Twin Study using Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System standards. RA frequencies were compared across morphological complexes (deciduous, permanent), twin types (monozygotic, dizygotic), and traits. Fisher's exact tests were performed to formally evaluate the association between twin type and dental RA. Across the entire dataset, RA rates failed to exceed 8% for any twin type. In monozygotic twins, deciduous mirroring totaled 5.3% of observed cases, while permanent mirroring totaled 7.8% of observed cases. We found no statistically significant association between RA and twin type for any morphological character (p‐value range: 0.07–1.00). Our results suggest the timing of monozygotic twin division does not explain the structure of asymmetry for our morphology dataset and that published estimates of identical twin mirroring rates may be inflated or contingent upon phenotype. Instead, rates reported for this sample more closely align with the proposed etiology of this condition.
Sense‐making, sensemaking and sense making—A systematic review and meta‐synthesis of literature in information science and education: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Urquhart Christine , Cheuk Bonnie , Lam Louisa , Snowden Dave 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSense‐making, sensemaking, and sense making are terms used in different disciplines. Similarities of usage seem unclear. (1) to examine the concepts used in different approaches to sense‐making/sensemaking/sense making; (2) to identify, classify and synthesize recent studies relevant to information science, as well as similar group on sensemaking in education research; (3) to reflect on future directions for sense‐making/sensemaking methodology in information science. The objectives were to retrieve, examine, classify and perform meta‐synthesis on sense‐making/sensemaking studies in both information science and education research. The review used systematic review principles, with selection criteria for case studies for examination in both information science and education sets. The final meta‐synthesis used a meta‐ethnographic approach, together with findings of recent overviews on organizational sensemaking, and other information science reviews. Qualitative sense‐making studies in information science often used Dervin's SMM (sense‐making methodology) and studies in organizations and education frequently used Weick's organizational sensemaking. Different mixed methods approaches were identified. Sense‐making is actively used in research and practice in information science and knowledge management. Using a coherent sense‐making methodology helps and dialogic principles are useful in planning, data collection and analysis. Individual and collective sense‐making are important to information science.
Global output‐feedback adaptive regulation for planar time‐delay nonlinear systems with polynomial growth
Authors: Liang Lei , Yan Xuehua , Tian Pu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of the global adaptive regulation via output feedback for a class of uncertain planar time‐varying delay nonlinear systems with an unknown control coefficient and unmeasured states dependent growth. The growth rate is the form of an unknown constant multiplying polynomial of output, and the upper bounds of unknown control coefficient and unknown time‐varying delay are both not required to be known. A systematic non‐identifier‐based output‐feedback control scheme is developed by combining the idea of universal control, backstepping technique, and Lyapunov–Krasovskii theorem. The global regulation of nonlinear systems and the global boundedness of the closed‐loop system can be simultaneously achieved by the designed controller based on a dynamic high‐gain observer and a proper update law. A practical example illustrates the efficiency of the proposed method.
String Figuring young children's perspectives of quality in English early childhood education and care
Authors: Fairchild Nikki , Mikuska Éva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuality in early childhood education and care (ECEC) is a contested concept and has generally been conceptualised by inter‐related indicators such as staff qualifications, educational environment, policy or child‐to‐staff ratios. There has been a more limited emphasis on how young children might perceive and experience quality. This empirical paper employs a research‐creation methodology in combination with feminist materialist theory, notably Haraway's String Figuring, to consider how quality manifests in young children's lifeworlds. Data from non‐participant observations in 17 English ECEC settings were collected and analysed by focusing on child‐led activities where agentic and autonomous engagement with objects, matter, resources, space and places were observed. This resulted in the identification of a series of ‘knots’: security, space(s), material objects, autonomy and other children. We present examples of these knots in six vignettes and propose that these are manifestations of young children's experiences of their educational environments. The knots developed from our analysis recognise how quality was manifested where children felt secure by exploring their chosen spaces. This led to children having autonomy over their play, both alone and with other children. We demonstrate how String Figuring can provide an opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the complex and nuanced nature of young children's lifeworlds in various ECEC settings, and argue that the identified knots can provide situated and contextual ways to recognise young children's experiences of quality. By doing so it is possible to develop new knowledge that advances theoretical and professional practice conceptualisations of quality.
Corporate purpose and early disaster response: Providing evidence of dynamic materiality?
Authors: Arias Diego , Barriola Xabier , Loza Adaui Cristian R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between corporate purpose and disaster response. To that aim, we use a unique dataset generated by Just Capital's COVID‐19 response tracker that characterizes the early responses of 928 companies included in the Russell 1000 Index generated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. We marry this data to the Business Roundtable Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation (BRT‐CPS) signatories list, which includes 210 firms that declared “a fundamental commitment to all stakeholders” as their corporate purpose. We estimate the differential impact of BRT‐CPS signees on the rest. After controlling our results with financial indicators and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data, we convey that BRT‐CPS signees were more likely to develop strategies that benefited their surrounding communities and other stakeholders. Moreover, corporations with high ESG were less likely to have an early response that directly benefited stakeholders other than shareholders, except for layoffs and unpaid leave. Finally, we discuss the outcomes considering the symbolic management theory, corporate purpose literature, and its relation to stakeholder management.
Facilitating and automating usability testing of educational technologies
Authors: Villamañe Mikel , Alvarez Ainhoa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsability evaluation is a key element to ensure a positive user experience with any software and it is especially important in educational software tools where there are many different actors involved (lecturers, students, administrators, etc.). However, evaluating usability is not an easy task for nonexpert evaluators. To facilitate this evaluation task, this article presents a Methodology for Usability Testing (MUT) and a system (CALMUT) that assists nonexpert evaluators in the application of the methodology by automatizing the calculations and facilitating their interpretation. This can be very useful for learning and instructional designers but also to people involved in the decision of introducing or not a new educational software. To develop the proposal, a literature review of different usability metrics, methods, and systems was carried out first, followed by a selection and adaptation for novice usability evaluators. This article also presents a case study where lecturers tested the usability of an educational software following the proposal and shows that using MUT and CALMUT helps people without previous experience detect the main usability problems of educational systems before deciding whether to use them or not.
Targeting the Role of PRME in Regulating Bone Remodelling During Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Jalaja Anish Rajamohanan , Nair Aswathy , Bindumadhavan Vijayalakshmi , Soumya Neelakanta Pillai Padmakumari , Rauf Arun A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKariavattom Campus Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is an old age disorder associated with estrogen deficiency, which reduces bone mass and makes bones more prone to fracture. The present study was proposed to evaluate the invivo osteogenic efficiency of Pterospermum rubiginosum methanolic bark extract (PRME) in the PMO model. Molecular docking studies on transcription factor NFATC1 showed excellent interactions with phytochemical ligands with the lowest binding energies. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=24) were divided into four groups, (n=6 each) sham control (Group I) and osteoporotic control (Group II) groups treated with saline, PRME (50 mg/kg/day) and alendronate (10 mg/kg/day) treated with Group III and Group IV (n=6) respectively. The serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b and cathepsin‐K also exhibited a significant rise after PRME treatment 12.33±2.30 mU/ml and 427.68±46.97 pg/ml, respectively. DEXA results exhibited a remarkable increase in total bone mineral content and density values in PRME‐treated animals (0.175±0.002 g/cm2) and (7.95±0.23 g) when compared to osteoporotic control (0.163±0.004 g/cm2) and (6.83±0.34 g). Long‐term toxicity study revealed that PRME is non‐toxic, up to 100 mg/kg bodyweight for 6 months. Our findings suggest PRME protects osteoporotic SD rats from PMO damage resulting from estrogen deficiency by regulating bone remodelling markers and upregulating BMD indices.
Alkali Containing Layered Metal Oxides as Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Falsaperna Mario , Arrigo Rosa , Marken Frank , Freakley Simon J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImproving the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential to realise energy systems based on water electrolysis. Many catalysts have been developed for the OER to date, with iridium‐based oxides being the most promising due to their relative stability towards corrosion in acidic electrolytes under oxidising potentials. In recent years, examples of catalysts adopting layered structures have been shown to have promising characteristics such as higher conductivity and higher electrochemically active surface area compared to highly crystalline metal oxides. Furthermore, such materials possess additional tuneable properties such as interlayer spacing, identity and concentration of the interlayer species, edge and interlayer active sites, and higher active surface area. Recent attention has focused on mono‐ and polymetallic lithium‐containing layered materials, where the presence of interlayer lithium cations, in situ delithiation processes and combinations of transition metal oxides result in enhanced catalytic properties towards OER. This review aims to provide a summary of the recent developments of such layered materials, in which lithium or other alkali metal ions occupy interlayer sites in oxides.
Photocatalytic, Oxidative Cleavage of C−C Bond in Lignin Models and Native Lignin
Authors: Xu Enjie , Xie Fuyu , Liu Tianwei , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is challenging to realize the selective C−C bond cleavage of lignin β‐O‐4 linkages for production of high‐value aromatic chemicals due to its intrinsic inertness and complex structure. Here we report a light‐driven, chlorine‐radical‐based protocol to realize the oxidative C−C bond cleavage in various lignin model compounds catalyzed by commercially available TPT and CaCl2, achieving high conversion and good to high product yields at room temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the preferential activation of Cβ−H bond facilitates the oxidation and C−C bond cleavage of lignin β‐O‐4 model via chlorine radical. Furthermore, this method is also applicable to the depolymerization of natural lignin extracts, furnishing the aromatic oxygenates from the cleavage of Cα−Cβ bonds. This study provides experimental foundations to the depolymerization and valorization of lignin into high value‐added aromatic compounds.
In‐Situ Formed Electron Inhibitor Enabling Dendrite‐free Garnet Electrolytes: A Case Study of Fumed Silica
Authors: Luo Jianchuan , Huang Zhixian , Wang Liuyang , Gu Zhigang , Zhao Ruirui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTa‐doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZTO) solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) show great promise for solid‐state batteries due to its high conductivity and safety. However, one of the challenges it faces is lithium dendrite propagation upon long‐term cycling. To address this issue, we propose the incorporation of fumed silica (FS) at the grain boundaries of LLZTO to modify the properties of the garnet pellet, which effectively inhibits the dendrite growth. The introduction of FS has demonstrated several beneficial effects. Firstly, it reduces the migration barrier of lithium ions, which helps prevent dendrite formation and propagation. Additionally, FS reduces the electronic conductivity of the SEs pellet, suppressing the dendrite formation. Moreover, the formed lithium silicates from FS might also be acted as electron inhibitor, thus inhibiting the lithium dendrite growth upon cycling. By investigating the use of FS as a modifier in LLZTO‐based electrolytes, our study contributes to advancing dendrite‐free solid‐state electrolytes and thus the development of high‐performance all‐solid‐state batteries.