bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection responses and quantitative‐genetic analysis of preadult performance on two host plants in the bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus
Authors: Milanović Dragana , Gliksman Ivana 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe most popular hypothesis that explains host specialization in herbivorous insects assumes the presence of a genetic trade‐off in larval performance across host plant species. We examined whether there is a genetic trade‐off in preadult performance traits on two hosts in the bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Well‐established laboratory populations of A. obtectus were maintained on two plant species, one being the native host (bean) and the other a novel, unsuitable host (chickpea). After 50 generations of laboratory rearing, preadult survival and development time on each host plant were compared between the two populations. A split‐brood design was used to estimate cross‐host genetic correlations in the two traits and to compare the populations in their patterns of genetic variation over the two plants. We detected a survival cost paid by A. obtectus on its native host for the increasing adaptation to the novel one, and a significant population × host interaction for survival. The host effect on survival was significant in the bean‐adapted population. The additive genetic variances for survival and female development time were only expressed on the novel host, and the half‐sib family mean correlations across hosts were zero for both traits in both populations. However, the sire × host interaction for survival was not recorded in either population, whereas the sire × host interaction and non‐additive genetic variance for development time evolved during the selection on the novel host.
Reproductive strategies and parasitization behavior of Ageniaspis citricola, a parasitoid of the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella
Authors: Zappalà Lucia , Hoy Marjorie A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe investigated the ability of the encyrtid Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a polyembryonic endoparasitoid of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), to distinguish unparasitized hosts from those previously parasitized by the same female or by a conspecific. The oviposition behavior of A. citricola was observed, and the sequence and duration of each component recorded. Oviposition behavior by experienced and inexperienced A. citricola females was studied using 2, 10, or 20 P. citrella eggs laid on citrus leaves. Dissections of parasitized hosts were done to confirm that an apparent oviposition resulted in egg deposition and to determine the number of eggs laid per event. Females of A. citricola are able to discriminate between unparasitized hosts, those previously parasitized by themselves, and those parasitized by a conspecific at all host densities. Females that had never oviposited in unparasitized hosts (inexperienced) showed the same ability. The number of eggs laid per oviposition event, the number of pupae produced, and the sex ratio of the adult progeny suggest that, under these experimental conditions, fertilized eggs develop by twinning to produce two females, and unfertilized eggs produce a single male. Mated females allowed a single ovipositional event deposited two eggs, yet nearly always produced two females and one male. Unmated females allowed a single ovipositional event also deposited two eggs, but the adult progeny were always males.
Lichen nitidus after hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: Fetil Emel , Özkan Şebnem , Gürler Nalan , Polat Emel , Yurtsever Şenel , Dorak Fahrinur , Küpelioğlu Ali 
Published: November 2004

A 27‐year‐old man presented to our clinic with an asymptomatic papular eruption all over his body. The eruption first began after hepatitis B vaccination (Engerix B) and increased with the second vaccination which was given 1 month after the first.His medical history and systemic examination were normal. Physical examination revealed numerous, flesh‐colored or pink, 1–2 mm papules, with a flat, shiny surface, predominantly on the trunk and arms, and grouped in some areas. The face, nails, and oral mucosa were spared. Laboratory investigation revealed normal values of the routine hematologic and biochemical tests. Antistreptolysin O (ASO), C‐reactive protein (CRP), venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test, anti‐human immunodeficiency virus (anti‐HIV), chest X‐ray, and ultrasonography were normal. Anti‐hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin M (anti‐HAV IgM), anti‐hepatitis B core total (anti‐HBc total), and anti‐hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) were negative. Anti‐hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin G (anti‐HAV IgG) was positive; 10 mm erythema and induration were detected in the purified protein derivative (PPD) test.During the following period, spontaneous resolution of the lesions was observed. When the hepatitis B vaccine was given to the patient again after several months, however, the same types of lesion re‐occurred and spread rapidly all over his body. Again, physical examination revealed numerous, flesh‐colored or pink, 1–2 mm papules, with a flat, shiny surface, on the trunk, arms, and penis (Fig. 1). Laboratory investigations revealed normal hematologic and biochemical values. Anti‐hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBsAg) was > 150 IU/mL. Histopathologic examination of skin biopsy material taken from the regio antebrachii revealed, in the dermis, a granuloma formation of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells which was surrounded by rete ridges and covered with focal parakeratotic epidermis (Fig. 2).Numerous, flesh‐colored to pink papules with a flat, shiny surfaceimageGranuloma formation with histiocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the dermis (hematoxylin and eosin, × 40)imageDuring the following period, spontaneous resolution of the lesions began and, with the addition of topical corticosteroid, the improvement increased. During the 1‐year follow‐up period after complete resolution of the lesions, no further exacerbation was detected.
Alopecia totalis incognito
Authors: Green Jack , Sinclair Rodney 
Published: November 2004

We report an 11‐year‐old boy with a strong family history of alopecia areata who initially developed alopecia areata with a single circular patch of hair loss on the scalp with exclamation mark hairs at the periphery, which evolved over time into alopecia totalis and then into a novel pattern of hair growth with fine depigmented hair, uniformly 5 mm in length. The hair has not grown any longer over a 48‐month follow‐up period. Scalp biopsies from the occipital scalp demonstrate dense peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrate and uniform miniaturized secondary vellus hairs. This previously undescribed pattern of alopecia areata is remarkable for total lack of alopecia.
Thermosensitive lichen amyloidosis
Authors: Parsi Kurosh , Kossard Steven 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground  A 26‐year‐old male presented with a 3‐year history of lichen amyloidosis. On examination, there was a pigmented papular eruption with a ripple pattern affecting the limbs and trunk but sparing the axillae, antecubital and popliteal fossae, central chest, neck and face. There was also prominent sparing of the skin overlying the superficial veins of the limbs. The sparing of the superficial veins of the limbs by lichen amyloidosis raised the possible role of cutaneous temperature in governing the distribution of amyloid deposits in our patient.Observations  Total body infrared thermography demonstrated consistent sparing of the amyloid deposits in areas with higher cutaneous temperatures such as the neck and axillae as well as the course of the superficial veins. The cooler areas such as the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs corresponded to areas of amyloid deposition. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy over a 5‐month period resulted in a marked improvement of pruritus and clearing of the amyloid deposits.Conclusions  Our patient clearly demonstrated lichen amyloidosis in a thermosensitive distribution. This may be a gross manifestation of previous reports of in vitro thermosensitivity of amyloid fibril formation and may have potential implications in treatment at least in a subset of patients demonstrating this clinical feature.
Evidence that thalidomide modifies the immune response of patients suffering from actinic prurigo
Authors: Estrada‐G Iris , Garibay‐Escobar Adriana , Núñez‐Vázquez Angela , Hojyo‐Tomoka Teresa , Vega‐Memije Elisa , Cortés‐Franco Roberto , Pérez‐Uribe Adriana , Flores‐Romo Leopoldo , Santos‐Argumedo Leopoldo , Estrada‐Parra Sergio , Domínguez‐Soto Luciano 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground  Actinic prurigo (AP) is a photodermatosis with a restricted ethnic distribution, mainly affecting Mestizo women (mixed Indian and European). The lesions are polymorphic and include macules, papules, crusts, hyperpigmentation and lichenification. Thalidomide, an effective immunomodulatory drug, was first used successfully to treat AP in 1973. In this work we describe the effect that thalidomide had on TNF‐α sera levels and on IL‐4‐ and IFN gamma (IFNγ)‐producing lymphocytes of actinic prurigo (AP) patients.Methods  Actinic prurigo patients were analyzed before and after thalidomide treatment. The percentage of IL‐4+ or IFNγ+ CD3+ lymphocytes was analyzed in eight of them by flow cytometry. TNFα in sera was measured by ELISA in 11 patients.Results  A direct correlation was observed between resolution of AP lesions and an increase in IFNγ+ CD3+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P ≤ 0.001) and a decrease in TNFα serum levels (no statistical difference). No IL‐4+ CD3+ cells were detected.Conclusions  Our findings confirm that AP is a disease that has an immunological component and that thalidomide clinical efficacy is exerted not only through inhibition of TNFα synthesis, but also through modulation of INFγ‐producing CD3+ cells. These cells could be used as clinical markers for recovery.
Treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Vadoud‐Seyedi Javid 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground  Hyperhidrosis (excessive, uncontrollable sweating) can be embarrassing and disabling, significantly impacting social and professional performance and quality of life. Treatments aim to reduce sweating, but few are effective, often carrying the risk of significant side‐effects. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) for plantar hyperhidrosis and to investigate the role of the Dermojet as a potential injection technique.Methods  Ten adult patients (five men, five women), aged 19–51 years, with severe, previously unresponsive, plantar hyperhidrosis, were recruited to this single‐center, open‐label, noncomparative study. The hyperhidrotic area of each foot was injected over 15–20 sites without analgesia with 50 U BTX‐A + 5 mL sterile saline using a Dermojet. Patients were followed up for 8 months with monthly sweat reduction assessments using Minor's iodine–starch test. Patients provided a treatment self‐assessment after completion of follow‐up.Results  Within 7 days post‐treatment, eight patients reported significantly decreased sweating, and seven patients were symptom free for up to 5 months. Patient self‐assessment showed that seven of the 10 patients were satisfied with their treatment. One minor adverse event was reported comprising a temporary localized hematoma (one patient).Conclusions  Intracutaneous BTX‐A injection using the Dermojet offers a simple, safe, and effective alternative for treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis.
Quantitative assessment of fibrosis in liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Hui Alex Yui , Liew Choong‐Tsek , Go Minnie Yin‐Yin , Chim Angel Mei‐Ling , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Leung Nancy Wai‐Yee , Sung Joseph Jao‐Yiu 
Published: November 2004

Abstract: Background/aim: Accurate histological assessment of liver fibrosis is essential in the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Although semi‐quantitative scoring systems describe well the pathological patterns of hepatic structure, they produce fibrosis evaluation that is not very precise. Image analysis or morphometry has the theoretical advantage of providing truly quantitative data.Patients and methods: The present study aimed at validating a new image analysis system, Bioquant Nova Prime, in estimating collagen content in liver biopsy samples from patients with CHB. The biopsies were stained with picrosirius red and the areas of collagen were measured. The results were correlated with laboratory parameters and Ishak modified histological scores. Discriminative reliability of morphometry was determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.Results: There was excellent interobserver agreement (r=0.84–0.94, P<0.01) in the morphometric analysis. Significant correlations between the quantitative morphometric data and the semi‐quantitative score (Spearman's r=0.68–0.78, P<0.001) were also demonstrated. Excellent discriminative power of morphometry in differentiating mild from advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis from absence of cirrhosis was shown by the ROC analysis.Conclusions: Our results validated the use of Bioquant Nova Prime in estimating collagen content in liver biopsies. We showed that morphometry is a sensitive method of liver fibrosis quantification in CHB and complements semi‐quantitative histological scoring system. This tool, with its reliable intraassay variability, could be of special value in assessing histological response to treatment after anti‐viral or anti‐fibrotic therapy.
Circulating concentrations of interleukin‐18, interleukin‐18 binding protein, and γ interferon in patients with alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Spahr Laurent , Garcia Irène , Bresson‐Hadni Solange , Rubbia‐Brandt Laura , Guler Reto , Olleros Maria , Chvatchko Yolande , Hadengue Antoine 
Published: November 2004

Abstract: Background: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is associated with dysregulated inflammatory and immune responses. interleukin‐18 (IL‐18), described as γ interferon (γIFN)‐inducible factor, and its natural antagonist, IL‐18 binding protein (IL‐18 BP), has not been fully studied in patients with AH. Thus, our aim was: (i) to determine plasma values of IL‐18, IL‐18 BP, γIFN, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)‐α in patients hospitalized for biopsy‐proven AH; (ii) to correlate these cytokines with the severity of AH, as assessed by Maddrey's discriminant function (DF), the degree of liver failure using the Child–Pugh score and blood neutrophils; (iii) to compare cytokines values in survivors and non‐survivors.Methods: Cytokines were measured using specific immunoassays within 7 days of admission. The diagnosis of AH was based on histology in all cases. We studied 43 cirrhotic patients with a Maddrey's DF≥32 (severe AH), 29 patients with a score <32 (non‐severe AH), 12 patients with abstinent alcoholic cirrhosis, and 10 healthy subjects.Results: IL‐18 and TNFα were increased in severe AH as compared with healthy subjects. Plasma IL‐18 BP was elevated in patients with severe and non‐severe AH as compared with healthy subjects. γIFN did not differ between groups. In patients with severe and non‐severe AH, IL‐18, IL‐18 BP, TNFα, but not γIFN, were positively correlated to DF and Child–Pugh score. Neither IL‐18 nor IL‐18 BP correlated to TNFα. Patients who died (n=10) during the hospitalization had higher IL‐18 BP and TNFα at admission as compared with survivors (322 [172–504] vs 222 [109–441] ng/ml; 7.5 [2.2–17.3] vs 3 [0.6–20] pg/ml, P<0.01, respectively).Conclusion: In cirrhotic patients with AH, IL‐18, IL‐18 BP, and TNFα correlate to the hepatitis severity and to the degree of liver failure. High IL‐18 BP and TNFα at hospital admission in non‐survivors suggest it may be of prognostic value.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease – a common and benign finding in octogenarian patients
Authors: Kagansky Nadya , Levy Shmuel , Keter Daniel , Rimon Ephraim , Taiba Zhomicky , Fridman Zvi , Berger David , Knobler Hilla , Malnick Stephen 
Published: November 2004

Kagansky N, Levy S, Keter D, Rimon E, Taiba Z, Fridman Z, Berger D, Knobler H, Malnick S. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease – a common and benign finding in octogenarian patients.  Liver International 2004: 24: 588–594. © Blackwell Munksgaard 2004Abstract: Background:Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common entity in the general population, has been shown to be linked with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Several of the components of the metabolic syndrome are more common in the aged population. The aims of the current study were to determine in the aged, the prevalence and the clinical presentation of NAFLD, as well as the relation to the underlying metabolic abnormalities.Method:In this prospective study, we evaluated 91 octogenarians with a mean age of 85.56±3.76 years, who were admitted to the rehabilitation departments of a geriatric hospital. Clinical evaluation included: abdominal ultrasound (US), fasting glucose and lipid levels, serum liver enzymes, ferritin, iron and transferrin saturation. Elderly patients with NAFLD were compared with 46 young patients with NAFLD.Results:NAFLD diagnosed by US was a common finding in this aged population, is present in 42/91 patients (46.2%). No significant differences were observed between the patients with or without NAFLD in the following: age, gender, chronic illnesses, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, fasting glucose levels, metabolic syndrome prevalence, serum levels of transaminases, ferritin and iron. Young patients with NAFLD had significantly higher serum levels of triglycerides and a significantly higher prevalence of glucose intolerance, obesity and the metabolic syndrome compared with the elderly patients with NAFLD.Conclusions:NAFLD was a common finding in our group of elderly patients and the prevalence was higher than reported in the general population. In contrast to the well‐described association between the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD in the general population, we did not find this association in the aged group. In addition, none of the patients had stigmata of advanced liver disease. These data suggest that NAFLD is a common and benign finding in the elderly population, but is not associated with the metabolic syndrome.
HEAVY MESONS IN CHARGE SPIN MODEL
Authors: NAKAMURA SEITARO 
Published: November 2004

In order to understand the dynamical reasons of the multiplet structures and the selection rules of the interactions of particles, instead of the standard quark model, we extend the idea of ‘global symmetry’ in the 4-dimensional Euclidean space and introduced two charge spin operators, τ (isospin) and ζ (hypercharge spin), and classified leptons as well as baryons and mesons. Further, we introduce, in the same 4-dimensional Euclidean space, the second charge spins, H (isospin-like) and U (hypercharge spin-like) in order to include heavy mesons, J/ψ, D, ϒ and B. By space reflection in this space, we have to interchange: [Formula: see text] To heavy lepton tau (τ) we need a complementary partner, say sigma (σ), for the sake of space reflection symmetry in this space: [Formula: see text] Selection rules and branching ratio problems for the weak interactions of heavy mesons were analyzed in this scheme and satisfactory results were obtained which could not easily be obtained in the standard quark model.
SURFACE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF HAEMATITE
Authors: BURSILL L. A. , PENG JULIN , FAN XUDONG 
Published: November 2004

The surface crystallography of haematite (α- Fe 2 O 3) has been investigated for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], {0006} and [Formula: see text] facets using atomic resolution surface profile imaging and computer-simulated image-matching. A remarkable variety of surface depolarizing mechanisms was observed, which included monolayer relaxation and reconstruction, as well as oriented overgrowth with monolayer compound formation and essentially electronic transitions without significant atomic displacements. These mechanisms were found to apply with different emphasis for different facets. The structural results are discussed in terms of surface depolarization including doublelayer and electronic mechanisms, coherency strains for monolayer compound formation of spinel-type structure onto haematite, electron-induced and chemical oxygen desorption mechanisms. Comparisons of haematite and sapphire surface crystallographies have been included in the discussion.
Learning to Be Smart: An Exploration of the Culture of Intelligence in a Canadian Inuit Community
Authors: Stern Pamela R. 
Published: November 2004

The understanding of intelligence and cognitive functioning of culturally diverse peoples has long been an interest of social scientists. It has also long been recognized that environmental factors and cultural values affect both perceptual abilities and the display of cognitive functioning. While some scholars have proposed the existence of multiple forms of intelligence, others have argued that the assessment of intelligence requires the application of local definitions of intelligence and intelligent behavior. In the present paper I explore the concept of intelligence in the small Copper Inuit community of Holman. Data collected between 1978 and 1995 are used to examine the manner in which community members define, assess, and develop intelligence. Modernity has created new conditions in which intelligence is nurtured and assessed.Particular attention is paid to informant efforts to encourage the author to behave intelligently. [Inuit, theories of intelligence, participant‐observation]
Changing U.S. Urban Neighborhoods: Patterns, Postmodern Analysis, and Policy Relevance
Authors: Schneider Jo Anne 
Published: November 2004

Left Behind in Rosedale: Race Relations and the Collapse of Community Institutions. Scott Cummings. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998. 223 pp.The Unknown City: The Lives of Poor and Working‐Class Young Adults. Michelle Fine and Lois Weis. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1998. 328 pp.The Anthropology of Lower Income Urban Enclaves: The Case of East Harlem. Judith Freidenberg. ed. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1995. 286 pp.
An Introduction to Japanese Society: Office Ladies and Salaried Men: Power, Gender and Work in Japanese Companies: The Culture of Japan as Seen through Its Leisure
Authors: Marshall Robert C. 
Published: November 2004

An Introduction to Japanese Society. Yoshio Sugimoto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 285 pp.Office Ladies and Salaried Men: Power, Gender and Work in Japanese Companies. Yuko Ogasawara. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 221 pp.The Culture of Japan as Seen through Its Leisure. Sepp Linhart and Sabine Fruhstuck. eds. Albany. State University of New York Press, 1998. 398 pp.