bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democratic Politics and Participatory Risks
Authors: Hiskes Richard P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout the foregoing chapters I have presented two arguments concerning the nature and impact of modern technological risks. First, I have suggested that if we are ever successfully to make policy for them, we need to realize the changed nature of these risks. No longer solely recognizable as the product of individual choices, modern risks should be viewed as emergent phenomena that resist reduction for explanatory or policy-making purposes to the individual actors, decisions, and environmental responses that together produce them. Second, I have recounted how, in the presence of such risks, political discourse has been transformed in a variety of ways, as citizens, experts, and politicians grope for policy solutions that commingle moral, technical, and political considerations. This discursive transformation is due to the alteration of the relevant terms of public speech brought about by the politics of risk. Within risk politics, core political concepts-including risk it self-have become matters of contention, disagreement, and, in some cases, of redefinition. As we have dealt with several of these terms of liberal political discourse-politics, consent, authority, rights, and responsibility-we have learned how disputes over risk policy have become battles over what these concepts are to mean in contemporary politics. Thus, the politics of risk has produced conceptual disputes over the definitions of risk and of some of the most basic concepts of liberal politics.
A Commentary on Schenker’s Free Composition
Authors: Schachter Carl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heinrich Schenker’s Der freie Satz is surely one of the most important books on music in the entire Western tradition; it is also one of the most difficult. Free Composition is the late Ernst Oster’s magnificent English translation of this work, amplified by extremely helpful annotations, most of them by Oster himself, but some by Oswald Jonas, who edited the second German edition, and by John Rothgeb, who checked the translation after Oster’s untimely death.
Analysis of Variance and Some Other S-Functions
Authors: Selvin Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Analysis of variance is a special case of a general linear model where the dependent variable is continuous and the independent variables are categorical. This specialized statistical structure makes no real difference in principle. As before, the S-function glm{) can be used to evaluate differing analytic linear models by comparing specific residual deviances. However, differences exist in language and style so that separate S-fimctions are available particularly tailored to the analysis of variance approach. The following focuses on a few of the simplest but important data collection designs and the corresponding analysis of variance techniques.
Introduction
Authors: Burgess-Jackson Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The title of this anthology derives from a posthumously published work by Sir Matthew Hale, a seventeenth-century English jurist who has been described as “the most eminent lawyer and judge of his time.” 2 Hale, who served as Chief Justice of the King’s Bench from 1671 to 1676 (the year of his death), did as much as anyone in his day (or afterward) to articulate, and in some cases to transform, the law of rape, which was by then several centuries old.It may surprise the reader to learn that Hale’s imprint on the law of rape remains-more than three hundred years after his death and in jurisdictions (such as Utah and Missouri) that he could not have imagined, much less sought to influence.
When Good Sex Turns Bad
Authors: Lemoncheck Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The point of view of men up to this time, called objective, has been to distinguish sharply between rape on the one hand and intercourse on the other; sexual harassment on the one hand and normal, ordinary sexual initiation on the other . . . [But] [w]hat women experience does not so clearly distinguish the normal, everyday things from those abuses from which they have been defined by distinction . . . What we are saying is that sexuality in exactly these normal forms often does violate us.
The Difference Debate
Authors: Davion Victoria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Supposed differences between women and men have given rise to “the difference debate” in feminist jurisprudence. The debate concerns whether women’s interests are better protected by laws adhering to a strict doctrine of formal equality, seen as gender neutrality, or by laws trying to take certain differences between men and women into account. It has centered around issues concerning divorce and pregnancy. However, it is also discussed in relation to laws governing sexual assault.1 In a recent controversial article, “Date Rape: A Feminist Analysis,” Lois Pineau has argued that the law can protect women better against nonaggravated date rape by regarding sex from “a woman’s point of view” (1996). I shall examine her argument along with charges that her position is essentialist and should therefore be dismissed. I shall argue for the following conclusions: Pineau’s position is essentialist, but this is not what is wrong with it. Some essentialist claims can be strategically appropriate, so noticing essentialism should not be grounds for automatic dismissal of positions, particularly ones aimed at public policy. However, I shall argue that Pineau’s key insight, that we need a shift in attitudes so as to hold sexual aggressors responsible for actively ensuring that partners are consenting, is better achieved without appeals to “a woman’s point of view.” Hence, I shall offer an alternative argument for shifting attitudes based on a minimum standard of sexual decency and show how this approach is better able to handle some key objections that have been made against Pineau.
Neuropathology
Authors: Scheithauer Bernd W , Reagan Thomas J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetically determined, variably ex pressed, multisystem disorder that manifests as hamartias (tubers and het erotopias in the central nervous system [CNS]), benign hamartomatous growths (subependymal nodules), and malignant-behaving lesions (hamartoblastomas) with many features of neoplasms. As a rule, the latter do not occur in the CNS but take the form of rarely occurring clear cell carcinomas of the kidney. Just where subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) fit into this scheme is uncertain in that malignant examples are very rare.
The Endocrine System in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Zimmerman Donald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The endocrine glands are infrequently reported to be affected in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Three patterns of endocrine gland involvement have been seen in TSC: (1) tumor growth in endocrine glands not associated with an increased number of hormone-producing cells or in creased secretion from the gland (i.e., angiomyolipoma, a nonfunctioning mesodermal hamartoma); (2) hypothalamic dysfunction without demonstrable hypothalamic tumor; and (3) proliferation of hormone-producing tissue in the adrenal glands, thyroid, gonads, pancreatic islets, parathyroid glands, or pituitary gland.
Progress Toward Balanced Long-Term Care Systems
Authors: Kane Rosalie A , Kane Robert L , Ladd Richard C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have repeatedly stressed that long-term care policies are invented and implemented at state and local levels. Thus, state governments are the entities that have been handed, and in various ways have risen to, the challenge of developing operational long-term care programs. Although many state officials and health and human service providers are dedicated to the mission of fashioning long-term care services that conform to the evident human need and administering those services fairly, they have been hampered by the barriers described in Chapter 3. They all contend with financial pressures on state governments, rigid federal program definitions, and limits to their own ability to imagine an entirely new philosophy that could transform long-term care.
The Burden of Sympathy
Authors: Karp David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What are the limits of sympathy in dealing with another person’s troubles? Where do we draw the line between caring for a loved one, and being swallowed up emotionally by the obligation to do so? Quite simply, what do we owe each other? In this vivid and thoughtful study, David Karp chronicles the experiences of the family members of the mentally ill, and how they draw “boundaries of sympathy” to avoid being engulfed by the day-to-day suffering of a loved one. Working from sixty extensive interviews, the author reveals striking similarities in the experiences of caregivers: the feelings of shame, fear, guilt and powerlessness in the face of a socially stigmatized illness; the frustration of navigating the complex network of bureaucracies that govern the mental health system; and most of all, the difficulty negotiating an “appropriate” level of involvement with the mentally ill loved one while maintaining enough distance for personal health. Throughout the narratives, Karp sensitively explores the overarching question of how people strike an equilibrium between reason and emotion, between head and heart, when caring for a catastrophically ill person. The Burden of Sympathy concludes with a critical look at what it means to be a moral and caring person at the turn of the century in America, when powerful cultural messages spell out two contradictory imperatives: pursue personal fulfillment at any cost and care for the family at any cost. An insightful, deeply caring look at mental illness and at the larger picture of contemporary values, The Burden of Sympathy is required reading for caregivers of all kinds, and for anyone seeking broader understanding of human responsibility in the postmodern world.
Illness and Obligation
Authors: Karp David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sequence of events beginning nearly four years ago in Leslie’s life was not unlike the plot in a Steven King novel. At first, the incidences seemed pretty insignificant, although each did cause momentary wonder and worry. After a slightly unsettling event, life returns to its normal, relatively uncomplicated rhythm. At a point, though, the disturbing events become more frequent and seem to constitute a pattern. Characters may now begin to confide uneasy feelings to each other about what has been happening, while finding ways to deny that anything is badly amiss. At a point, the scary problems become so intrusive that the now badly frightened characters know something must be terribly wrong, although they still can’t comprehend what is going on. They begin an earnest search for answers, but the underlying cause of the expanding strangeness eludes them. Finally, such awful events occur that life becomes a frantic effort to solve, escape, or somehow eradicate the clear horror that now dominates every waking moment, even haunting their dreams.
Bearing Responsibility
Authors: Karp David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Nancy announced that she and her husband were actually finalizing plans for a two-week vacation to Florida, her Family and Friends supporters spontaneously applauded. The topic of vacations, Nancy’s in particular, was often discussed in the MDDA group. The conversation was always about the difficulty family members had in leaving home, even for a week or so, because they couldn’t stop worrying about what might happen in their absence. Parents tried to persuade each other that since they could not stop their ill children from unraveling even when close by, they logically ought to be able to go on vacation. However, many, like Nancy, could not bring themselves to do it. In those conversations Nancy often expressed the group’s collective sentiment when she said, “I would never forgive myself if anything were to happen while I was gone.” Like others, Nancy had real cause for worry. Her forty-two-year-old daughter had been first hospitalized two years earlier after a suicide attempt left her comatose. Diane survived, although with brain damage, and, still suicidal, has been in a hospital ever since. At age seventy-two, Nancy is especially distraught because “these are the years that, you know, were supposed to be our good years, and she has totally destroyed them.”
Surviving the System
Authors: Karp David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My interviews followed a general pattern. After a little light banter, I told folks about the intentions of my work. I affirmed that I would never breach their confidentiality. I also explained that they should feel absolutely free to say if any of my questions felt “out of bounds.” Once I started taping our talk, I asked a few who-are-you type questions about religion, occupation, age, family structure, and the like. Ordinarily, my first substantive question asked respondents to try recalling the very first moment it entered their consciousness that something was wrong with their spouse, parent, sibling, or child. Although such a global invitation normally got things going, respondents were nevertheless tentative during the first forty-five minutes, or so, of the interview. Understandably, they wanted to get a better sense of my purposes, the nature of my questions, my capacity to listen, and the authenticity of my interest. Nearly always, the conversation became freer, deeper, more spontaneous, and less self-conscious during the last two-thirds of our talk.
Caring in Postmodern America
Authors: Karp David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among our commitments that seem least negotiable are those to our immediate family. Presumably, moral persons will look after kin no matter what. However, this expectation rubs against the equally powerful cultural idea that we should be free to fulfill our personal desires. Wally Lamb’s recent novel, I Know This Much Is True, centers on the lifelong connections between two identical twin brothers, one of whom succumbs to schizophrenia in his late teens.1 Much of the novel is about the binding commitment between Dominick and his sick brother, Thomas. The tension throughout the book is between caring and freedom, between fulfilling a commitment to a brother and realizing one’s own aspirations. With an artist’s rendering, Lamb gets at the complicated, opposed, and profoundly distressing feelings that arise when caregivers cannot resolve the conflict between the moral mandates to care for a family member and personal freedom.
“A Tear is an Intellectual Thing”
Authors: Neu Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why do we cry? My short answer is: because we think. But of course, we may also sometimes cry because we have stubbed our toe or, as in the case of at least one baby I know, because we have gas.1 And the most natural answer is that we cry because we are sad, or grieving, or ashamed, or otherwise upset—that is, as an expression of emotion—but then one wonders just how the experience of emotions connects to the alternatives already mentioned. Are emotions, as a source of tears, closer to thinking or to gas; are they more like occasions of thought or occasions of physical pain? And why is it that other animals do not cry (assuming for the moment that they do not)? Do they not think? Do they not think sad thoughts? Surely they can suffer, whatever they may or may not think. Is lacrimal secretion a tear only on a human face? My short answer needs elaboration.
Jealous Thoughts
Authors: Neu Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychological problems are sometimes in some ways logical problems. Our lives do not simply fall apart, they collapse in structured ways, and the fault lines are marked by our concepts. Our ways of understanding and describing our psychological states often reveal (and sometimes limit) the potentials in those states themselves, the potentials both for development and for disorder. That this should be so may be explained through considering the roles of our concepts and beliefs in constituting our emotions and other mental states (Neu 1977). In this context, it is especially instructive to consider jealousy: partly because of its internal complexity, partly because of the richness of its conceptual surroundings, and partly because of its independent interest. That it has such rich surroundings, that we make such a wealth of fine discriminations in the area of jealousy (envy, resentment, indignation, Schadenfreude, begrudging, malice, spite, ill will, hatred, ingratitude, revenge, hostility, possessiveness, mistrust, suspicion, and so on indefinitely), is itself a sign of its interest and importance.
Odi Et Amo: On Hating The Ones We Love
Authors: Neu Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Catullus, in the midst of his unhappy affair with the woman he called Lesbia, wrote a two-line poem, beginning in Latin “Odi et amo”: “I hate and love. Why I do so, perhaps you ask. / I know not, but I feel it, and I am in torment.”1 He is not alone in his experience, his pain, or his confusion. How can it be, and why should it be that, to vary Oscar Wilde’s formulation, each man (and woman) hates the thing he (or she) loves?
Fantasy and Memory: The Etiological Role of Thoughts according to Freud
Authors: Neu Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Hysterics suffer mainly from reminiscences” (1895d, 7). This early formulation, though it underwent drastic revision as Freud’s psychoanalytic thought developed, contains two elements that remained central. It places one source of psychological disorder in thoughts, and it treats the hysteric as somehow the victim of his or her past. The hysteric is unfree, a prisoner of individual history. The maxim brings the past into play through thoughts, specifically thoughts about the past, that is, memories. That our past can influence our present behavior in devious ways is an important insight, that one of those ways is through thoughts proves an even more important insight. A cluster of questions arises around these points. Is it actually our past, or (better) our actual past, that influences our behavior in the areas Freud discusses? How is one to distinguish the causal efficacy of reality and fantasy? Is their efficacy “causal”? How and why is “memory” brought in as intermediary? How is one to distinguish memory of reality, memory of fantasy, and fantasy of memory? And do any of these distinctions matter to the individual’s unfreedom and the possibilities of overcoming it? In this essay I will be taking only some first steps toward answering these questions.
Life-Lies and Pipe Dreams: Self-Deception in Ibsen’s The Wild Duck and O’Neill’s The Iceman Cometh
Authors: Neu Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophers have a bias in favor of the truth; and we are not alone. That honesty is the best policy is supposed to be a truism. Certainly in our time sincerity and authenticity have assumed a place of unusual importance in the conduct of people’s lives, the search for and the expression of the “true” self having become the central preoccupation of many: whether adolescents in quest of identity, or psychologists urging we heed the insights of schizophrenics, or philosophers contemplating the meaning of life and the possibilities for freedom. Amidst such assumptions, Ibsen and O’Neill provide disturbing arguments suggesting that selfdeception may not always be bad, and that those who seek to undeceive others may not always be doing good. That these arguments take the form of plays is itself revealing: the position of the audience in a play provides an additional perspective on the lives portrayed, making for a contrast between what the audience knows and what the characters know, and it is perhaps only the fullness of characterization and of dramatization of circumstances that literature allows that can bring out the costs and benefits of knowledge and self-knowledge. The usual stark, isolated examples (often set on desert islands) of moral philosophers may leave out just those things which make a difference.
Cellular Automata, Life, and the Universe
Authors: Mitchell Melanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A recent article in Science magazine, called “Getting the Behavior of Social Insects to Compute,” described the work of a group of entomologists who characterize the behavior of ant colonies as “computer algorithms,” with each individual ant running a simple program that allows the colony as a whole to perform a complex computation, such as reaching a consensus on when and where to move the colony’s nest.
Information Processing in Living Systems
Authors: Mitchell Melanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ever since Szilard’s insight that information might be the savior of the second law of thermodynamics from the attack of Maxwell’s demon, information and its cousin computation have increasingly infiltrated science. In many people’s minds information has taken on an ontological status equal to that of mass and energy—namely, as a third primitive component of reality. In biology in particular, the description of living systems as information processing networks has become commonplace. In fact, the term information processing is so widely used that one would think it has a well-understood, agreed-upon meaning, perhaps built on Shannon’s formal definition of information. However, like several other central terms of complex systems science, the concept of information processing tends to be ill-defined; it’s often hard to glean what is meant by information processing or computation when they are taken out of the precise formal context defined by Turing machines and von Neumann-style computers. The work described in the previous chapter was an attempt to address this issue in the context of cellular automata.
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the notion of information processing or computation in living systems. I describe three different natural systems in which information processing seems to play a leading role—the immune system, ant colonies, and cellular metabolism—and attempt to illuminate the role of information and computation in each. At the end I attempt to articulate some common qualitative principles of information processing in these and other decentralized systems.
Applying Network Science to Real-World Networks
Authors: Mitchell Melanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to my search on the Google Scholar Web site, at the time of this writing over 14,000 academic papers on small-world or scale-free networks have been published in the last five years (since 2003), nearly 3,000 in the last year alone. I did a scan of the first 100 or so titles in the list and found that 11 different disciplines are represented, ranging from physics and computer science to geology and neuroscience. I’m sure that the range of disciplines I found would grow substantially if I did a more comprehensive scan. In this chapter I survey some diverse examples of real-world networks and discuss how advances in network science are influencing the way scientists think about networks in many disciplines.