bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 improves bone health of ovariectomized mice by improving gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Hongyun , Xia Yongjun , Yu Jing , Wang Guangqiang , Xiong Zhiqiang , Zhang Hui , Song Xin , Yang Yijin , Wei Guoliang , Ai Lianzhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis is a common skeletal disease, especially for the bone health of menopausal women. It is reported that the changes of intestinal environment could affect the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. This study aims to explore the effects of different gut microbiota by antibiotics and bone health in ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6 mice and to research the anti‐osteoporosis effect of Lactobacillus plantarum AR495. The results showed that the gut microbiota could alleviate the bone mass loss after treatment of metronidazole, but the bone loss was aggravated after neomycin disturbing the microbiota. Gut microbiota significantly affected bone resorption in OVX mice by regulating intestinal barrier permeability. Through intestinal microbiological analysis, it was found that the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium xylanophilum was positively correlated with bone health. In addition, L. plantarum AR495 could restore gut microbiota to normal level in OVX mice, increase the abundance of E. xylanophilum, reduce the expression of osteoclast promoting factors IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐17, and TNF‐α in tibia, subsequently inhibit receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand/receptor activator of NF‐κB/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/RANK/OPG) pathway. Overall, this finding showed that L. plantarum AR495 reduces bone resorption and effectively improving osteoporosis through gut microbiota.
An interdisciplinary approach to the collapse of the port and degradation of freshwater resources at Panama Viejo (Panama), 1519–1671
Authors: Martos Miriam , Aram Bethany , Malvarez Gonzalo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo (Panama) comprises a protected area of 28 km2within present‐day Panama City, on America's Pacific coast. In 1519, the Spaniards founded the city of Panama Viejo to secure a natural port in an area inhabited by indigenous peoples since at least the eighth century CE. The site, along the coastline and between two rivers, became a principal gateway for goods and people travelling between Europe and Pacific settlements to the east (Realejo) and the west (Trujillo, Lima, Arica). Within one century, however, Panama Viejo's natural port and freshwater infrastructure collapsed, leading to the city's relocation after corsairs attacked it in 1671. This study combines archaeological, geographical and historical analyses to explain how and why human interactions with the local environment made the settlement increasingly untenable.
Curcumin inhibits prostate cancer by upregulating miR‐483‐3p and inhibiting UBE2C
Authors: Li Wenji , Wang Fujun , Wang Xiaoxiang , Xu Wei , Liu Fangmin , Hu Rong , Li Shanyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is an extremely common genitourinary malignancy among elderly men. Many evidence have shown the efficacy of curcumin (CUR) in inhibiting the progression of PCa. However, the pharmacological function of CUR in PCa is still not quite clear. In this research, CUR was found to suppress the proliferation and enhance the apoptotic rate in in vitro PCa cell models in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. In a xenograft animal model, the administration of CUR contributed to a significant decrease in the growth of the xenograft tumor induced by the transplanted PC‐3 cells. Ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2 C is implicated in the modulation of multiple types of cancers. In humans, the expression levels of UBE2C are significantly higher in PCa versus benign prostatic hyperplasia. Treatment with CUR decreased the expression of UBE2C, whereas it increased miR‐483‐3p expression. In contrast with the control mice, the CUR‐treated mice showed a significant reduction in UBE2C and Ki‐67 in PCa cells. The capability of proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCa cells was inhibited by the knockdown of UBE2C mediated by siRNA. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter gene assay indicated the binding of miR‐483‐3p to UBE2C. In summary, CUR exerts its antitumor effects through regulation of the miR‐483‐3p/UBE2C axis by decreasing UBE2C and increasing miR‐483‐3p. The findings may also provide new molecular markers for PCa diagnosis and treatment.
18β‐Glycyrrhetinic acid exerts cardioprotective effects against BPA‐induced cardiotoxicity through antiapoptotic and antioxidant mechanisms
Authors: Bayav Ibrahim , Darendelioğlu Ekrem , Caglayan Cuneyt 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic environmental pollutant widely used in industry, as well as is an endocrine disrupting chemicals and has a toxic effects on heart tissue. The aim of this study is to reveal the cardioprotective effects of 18β‐glycyrretinic acid (GA) against BPA‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats. In this study, 40 male rats were used and five different groups (each group includes eight rats) were formed. The rats were applied BPA (250 mg/kg b.w.) alone or with GA (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days. Rats were killed on Day 15 and heart tissues were taken for analysis. GA treatment decreased serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB levels, reducing BPA‐induced heart damage. GA treatment showed ameliorative effects against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress caused by BPA by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and GSH level of the heart tissue and decreasing the MDA level. In addition, GA showed antiapoptotic effect by increasing Bcl‐2, procaspase‐3, and ‐9 protein expression levels and decreasing Bax, cytochrome c, and P53 protein levels in heart tissue. As a result, it was found that GA has cardioprotective effects on heart tissue by exhibiting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects against heart damage caused by BPA, an environmental pollutant. Thus, it was supported that GA could be a potential cardioprotective agent.
Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a global systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Duarte Marvery P. , Almeida Lucas S. , Neri Silvia G.R. , Oliveira Juliana S. , Wilkinson Thomas J. , Ribeiro Heitor S. , Lima Ricardo M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSarcopenia is a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, including mortality. Diagnosis depends on adopted consensus definition and cutoff values; thus, prevalence rates are generally heterogeneous. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the global prevalence of sarcopenia and its traits across the wide spectrum of CKD. A systematic search was conducted using databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, for observational studies reporting the prevalence of sarcopenia. We considered sarcopenia according to the consensus definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project, and the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Subgroup analyses by CKD stages, consensus, and gender were performed. Pooled prevalence was obtained from random‐effect models. A total of 140 studies (42 041 patients) across 25 countries were included in this systematic review and meta‐analyses. Global prevalence of sarcopenia was 24.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 20.9–28.3) and did not differ among stages (P = 0.33). Prevalence varied according to the consensus definition from 11% to 30%, with no significant difference (P = 0.42). Prevalence of severe sarcopenia was 21.0% (95% CI: 11.7–32.0), with higher rates for patients on dialysis (26.2%, 95% CI: 16.6–37.1) compared to non‐dialysis (3.0%, 95% CI: 0–11.1; P < 0.01). Sarcopenic obesity was observed in 10.8% (95% CI: 3.5–21.2). Regarding sarcopenia traits, low muscle strength was found in 43.4% (95%CI: 35.0–51.9), low muscle mass in 29.1% (95% CI: 23.9–34.5), and low physical performance in 38.6 (95% CI: 30.9–46.6) for overall CKD. Prevalence was only higher in patients on dialysis (50.0%, 95% CI: 41.7–57.4) compared to non‐dialysis (19.6%, 95% CI: 12.8–27.3; P < 0.01) for low muscle strength. We found a high global prevalence of sarcopenia in the wide spectrum of CKD. Low muscle strength, the primary sarcopenia trait, was found in almost half of the overall population with CKD. Patients on dialysis were more prevalent to low muscle strength and severe sarcopenia. Nephrology professionals should be aware of regularly assessing sarcopenia and its traits in patients with CKD, especially those on dialysis.
On two cycles of consecutive even lengths
Authors: Gao Jun , Li Binlong , Ma Jie , Xie Tianying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBondy and Vince showed that every graph with minimum degree at least three contains two cycles of lengths differing by one or two. We prove the following average degree counterpart that every ‐vertex graph with at least edges, unless and every block of is a clique , contains two cycles of consecutive even lengths. Our proof is mainly based on structural analysis, and a crucial step which may be of independent interest shows that the same conclusion holds for every 3‐connected graph with at least six vertices. This solves a special case of a conjecture of Verstraëte. The quantitative bound is tight and also provides the optimal extremal number for cycles of length two modulo four.
The transition to Pediatric Hospital Medicine fellowship: A national survey‐based needs assessment
Authors: Elster Martha J. , Cohen Adam , Herchline Daniel , Chieco Deanna , Hoefert Jennifer , Denniston Sarah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundEach year, the number of fellows entering Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) fellowship is increasing. Residency curricula do not always prepare trainees for all aspects of PHM as a specialty and gaps often exist in the transition to fellowship.ObjectiveTo explore the preparedness of PHM fellows for clinical, teaching, and scholarship tasks at the start of fellowship and to identify opportunities for residency and fellowship program development.DesignQuantitative survey.Setting and ParticipantsCurrent and recently graduated PHM fellows (matriculation years 2019–2022).MethodsWe conducted a national cross‐sectional survey from July 2022 to February 2023. We designed survey questions based on PHM fellowship core competencies.Main Outcome and MeasuresWe asked participants to rate preparedness for tasks on a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = very unprepared, 5 = very prepared). We analyzed numerical data using descriptive and comparative statistics and free‐response data using inductive content analysis.ResultsWe received 223 responses to our survey (response rate 74%). Of the respondents, 25% reported no PHM‐specific orientation at their program (n = 55). Respondents reported lower median preparedness for research (3, interquartile range [IQR] [2,4]) and teaching tasks (4, IQR [4,4]) compared to clinical tasks (4, IQR [4,5]) at the start of fellowship (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). Content analysis revealed most fellows wished they had received more training around scholarship at the start of fellowship.ConclusionsMany PHM fellows enter fellowship feeling inadequately prepared, particularly in scholarship and teaching. Our findings suggest that residency and fellowship programs need to develop more robust curricula to better prepare trainees for successful PHM fellowship. This national survey‐based needs assessment should serve as a guide for further program development.
Radial basis function‐based Pareto optimization of an outer rotor brushless DC motor
Authors: Rahmani Omid , Sadrossadat Sayed Alireza , Noohi Mostafa , Mirvakili Ali , Shams Maitham 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the development of an optimization and modeling method for the objective functions of output power, efficiency and weight of an outer rotor permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor based on radial basis function (RBF) approximation technique. The proposed RBF‐based Pareto optimization method requires less knowledge about electric/magnetic formulas and can replace conventional optimizations based on these equations with higher accuracy. To apply the proposed optimization method, the initial design should be developed using such equations. Therefore, RBFs are used to model and predict engine behavior. To optimize the objective functions, we used a genetic algorithm optimization technique with nonlinear electric and magnetic constraints to find the Pareto front set. The design obtained by the proposed radial basis function Pareto optimization (RBFPO) method was finally verified by Ansoft Maxwell. The results of optimal design using the RBFPO method have higher output power and efficiency. Also, in addition to the advantage of a favorable accuracy, RBF‐based models are significantly faster than models available in simulation tools.
Adult‐onset BRAF V600E‐related multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis treated with vemurafenib
Authors: Encarnacion‐Mangubat Lisa Denise A. , Encarnacion Lonabel A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report a case of a 65‐year‐old female with 1‐year history of dental pain and oral ulcers. A diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) was made by oral biopsy and CD207 (Langerin) stain, and BRAF V600E mutation was identified. PET/CT revealed an enhancing lesion in the hard palate with extension into the maxillary sinus. Chemotherapy with cytarabine failed, and LCH progressed to affect additional organ systems. Treatment with vemurafenib was started, resulting in a dramatic improvement of painful mucocutaneous ulcers since the first month of treatment. Vemurafenib is effective in children with refractory BRAF V600E‐mutated LCH, and recent data support the use of vemurafenib in adults with refractory multisystem LCH harbouring the same mutation.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in skeletally immature patients is effective: A systematic review
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Cocconi Federico , Schäfer Luise , Memminger Michael Kurt , Giorgino Riccardo , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe present study evaluated the outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in children with open physes. The outcomes of interest were to compare the increase in joint laxity and PROMs from baseline to the last follow‐up, the rate and features of the return to sport and the rate of complications.MethodsThis study was conducted according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. In October 2023, the following databases were accessed: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase. All the clinical studies investigating ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients were accessed. Only articles which clearly stated that surgeries were conducted in children with open physis were eligible.ResultsData from 53 studies (1691 procedures) were collected. 35% (597 out of 1691 patients) were women. The mean length of the follow‐up was 44.7 ± 31.3 months. The mean age of the patients was 12.7 ± 1.1 years old. All PROMs significantly improved from the baseline values to those at the last follow‐up. The mean time to return to sport was 8.3 ± 1.9 months. 89% (690 out of 771 patients) returned to sports, 15% (109 out of 721 patients) reduced their level of sports activity or league, and 84% (651 out of 771 patients) returned to their previous level of sport. 9% (112 out of 1213) of patients experienced re‐tear of the reconstructed ACL, and 11% (75 out of 660) of patients underwent a further ACL reoperation. No patients (0 out of 83) demonstrated increased laxity at the last follow‐up, and persistent sensation of instability was reported by 5% (11 out of 235) of patients.ConclusionACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients is effective and safe, and is associated with fast recovery and a high rate of return to sport.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
GADD45A: With or without you
Authors: Palomer Xavier , Salvador Jesús M. , Griñán‐Ferré Christian , Barroso Emma , Pallàs Mercè , Vázquez‐Carrera Manuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe growth arrest and DNA damage inducible (GADD)45 family includes three small and ubiquitously distributed proteins (GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G) that regulate numerous cellular processes associated with stress signaling and injury response. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature investigating GADD45A, the first discovered member of the family. We first depict how its levels are regulated by a myriad of genotoxic and non‐genotoxic stressors, and through the combined action of intricate transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and even, posttranslational mechanisms. GADD45A is a recognized tumor suppressor and, for this reason, we next summarize its role in cancer, as well as the different mechanisms by which it regulates cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Beyond these most well‐known actions, GADD45A may also influence catabolic and anabolic pathways in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, among others. Not surprisingly, GADD45A may trigger AMP‐activated protein kinase activity, a master regulator of metabolism, and is known to act as a transcriptional coregulator of numerous nuclear receptors. GADD45A has also been reported to display a cytoprotective role by regulating inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in several organs and tissues, and is regarded an important contributor for the development of heart failure. Overall data point to that GADD45A may play an important role in metabolic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and also autoimmune‐related disorders. Thus, the potential mechanisms by which dysregulation of GADD45A activity may contribute to the progression of these diseases are also reviewed below.
Transmembrane pH gradient imaging in rodent glioma models
Authors: Mishra Sandeep Kumar , Santana Jessica Gois , Mihailovic Jelena , Hyder Fahmeed , Coman Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA unique feature of the tumor microenvironment is extracellular acidosis in relation to intracellular milieu. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors results in overproduction of H+ ions (and lactate), which are extruded from the cells to support tumor survival and progression. As a result, the transmembrane pH gradient (ΔpH), representing the difference between intracellular pH (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHe), is posited to be larger in tumors compared with normal tissue. Controlling the transmembrane pH difference has promise as a potential therapeutic target in cancer as it plays an important role in regulating drug delivery into cells. The current study shows successful development of an MRI/MRSI‐based technique that provides ΔpH imaging at submillimeter resolution. We applied this technique to image ΔpH in rat brains with RG2 and U87 gliomas, as well as in mouse brains with GL261 gliomas. pHi was measured with Amine and Amide Concentration‐Independent Detection (AACID), while pHe was measured with Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS). The results indicate that pHi was slightly higher in tumors (7.40–7.43 in rats, 7.39–7.47 in mice) compared with normal brain (7.30–7.38 in rats, 7.32–7.36 in mice), while pHe was significantly lower in tumors (6.62–6.76 in rats, 6.74–6.84 in mice) compared with normal tissue (7.17–7.22 in rats, 7.20–7.21 in mice). As a result, ΔpH was higher in tumors (0.64–0.81 in rats, 0.62–0.65 in mice) compared with normal brain (0.13–0.16 in rats, 0.13–0.16 in mice). This work establishes an MRI/MRSI‐based platform for ΔpH imaging at submillimeter resolution in gliomas.
Comparison of triple quantum (TQ) TPPI and inversion recovery TQ TPPI pulse sequences at 9.4 and 21.1 T
Authors: Reichert Simon , Schepkin Victor , Kleimaier Dennis , Zöllner Frank G. , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: January 2024

PurposeBoth sodium T1 triple quantum (TQ) signal and T1 relaxation pathways have a unique sensitivity to the sodium molecular environment. In this study an inversion recovery time proportional phase increment (IRTQTPPI) pulse sequence was investigated for simultaneous and reliable quantification of sodium TQ signal and bi‐exponential T1 relaxation times.MethodsThe IRTQTPPI sequence combines inversion recovery TQ filtering and time proportional phase increment. The reliable and reproducible results were achieved by the pulse sequence optimized in three ways: (1) optimization of the nonlinear fit for the determination of both T1‐TQ signal and T1 relaxation times; (2) suppression of unwanted signals by assessment of four different phase cycles; (3) nonlinear sampling during evolution time for optimal scan time without any compromises in fit accuracy. The relaxation times T1 and T2 and the TQ signals from IRTQTPPI and TQTPPI were compared between 9.4 and 21.1 T. The motional environment of the sodium nuclei was evaluated by calculation of correlation times and nuclear quadrupole interaction strengths.ResultsReliable measurements of the T1‐TQ signals and T1 bi‐exponential relaxation times were demonstrated. The fit parameters for all four phase cycles were in good agreement with one another, with a negligible influence of unwanted signals. The agar samples yielded normalized T1‐TQ signals from 3% to 16% relative to single quantum (SQ) signals at magnetic fields of both 9.4 and 21.1 T. In comparison, the normalized T2‐TQ signal was in the range 15%–35%. The TQ/SQ signal ratio was decreased at 21.1 T as compared with 9.4 T for both T1 and T2 relaxation pathways. The bi‐exponential T1 relaxation time separation ranged from 15 to 18 ms at 9.4 T and 15 to 21 ms at 21.1 T. The T2 relaxation time separation was larger, ranging from 28 to 35 ms at 9.4 T and 37 to 40 ms at 21.1 T.ConclusionThe IRTQTPPI sequence, while providing a less intensive TQ signal than TQTPPI, allows a simultaneous and reliable quantification of both the T1‐TQ signal and T1 relaxation times. The unique sensitivities of the T1 and T2 relaxation pathways to different types of molecular motion provide a deeper understanding of the sodium MR environment.