bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Autonomic Nervous System and Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zoccali Carmine , Mallamaci Francesca , Kanbay Mehmet , Tuttle Katherine R , Kotanko Peter , De Caterina Raffaele , Grassi Guido , Mancia Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating physiological processes and maintaining homeostasis through its two branches: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system. Dysregulation of the autonomic system, characterized by increased sympathetic activity and reduced parasympathetic tone, is a common feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. This imbalance contributes to a pro-inflammatory state, exacerbating disease progression and increasing the risk for cardiovascular events. The sympathetic system promotes inflammation by releasing catecholamines, which activate adrenergic receptors on immune cells. The parasympathetic system exerts anti-inflammatory effects via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by the vagus nerve. Targeting the autonomic system to restore the balance between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic components offers promising approaches to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes in CKD and cardiovascular disease. Beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are pharmacological agents that modulate sympathetic activity and have shown anti-inflammatory effects. Lifestyle interventions, such as a healthy diet, physical exercise, mindfulness, and meditation, enhance parasympathetic activity and improve autonomic function. Vagus nerve stimulation has emerged as a promising therapy, demonstrating significant potential in reducing inflammation and improving clinical outcomes in various conditions, including CKD, myocardial infarction and stroke. Despite mixed results in heart failure trials, vagal nerve stimulation has consistently improved quality-of-life measures. Understanding the mechanisms underlying autonomic system regulation of inflammation can inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies to restore autonomic balance and improve patient outcomes in CKD and cardiovascular disease.
Effects of the Curcuminoid and Non-Curcuminoid Compounds of Turmeric on the Gut Microbiome and Inflammation: Potential Use in the Treatment and Prevention of Disease
Authors: Kacena Claire 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The gut microbiome is a complex system that directly interacts with and influences many systems in the body. This delicate balance of microbiota plays an important role in health and disease and is highly influenced by lifestyle factors and the surrounding environment. As further research emerges, understanding the full potential of the gut microbiome and the impact of using nutraceuticals to positively influence its function may open the door to greater therapeutic outcomes in the treatment and prevention of disease. Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from the turmeric rhizome, has been studied in depth for its influence on human health as a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the therapeutic activity of curcumin is limited by its low oral bioavailability. While most available research has primarily focused on the curcuminoid compounds of turmeric, the non-curcuminoid compounds hold promise to offer therapeutic benefits while synergistically enhancing the bioavailability of curcumin and supporting the gut microbiome. This review summarizes current knowledge of the relationship between the gut and the various systems within the body, and how dysbiosis, or disruption in the gut microbial balance, leads to inflammation and increased risk of chronic disease. The review also summarizes recent research that focuses on the bioactivity of both the curcuminoid and non-curcuminoid compounds that comprise the whole turmeric root and their synergistic role in enhancing bioavailability to support a healthy gut microbiome and promising use in the treatment and prevention of disease.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Myroides Species Infections
Authors: Alabdely Mayyadah H , Englund Kristin , Shrestha Nabin K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Myroides species, Gram-negative bacilli from the Flavobacteriaceae family, are typically considered low-virulence pathogens but have previously been described as extensively drug-resistant. This study investigates the clinical features and outcomes of Myroides infections.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized at Cleveland Clinic with Myroides infection. Infections were defined as a positive Myroides culture from a sterile site that were treated with an antibiotic to which the isolate was susceptible. Controls were hospitalized patients with a positive culture for Myroides, who did not meet the definition for infection. Survival for infected patients and uninfected controls was compared using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
Between January 2015 and September 2023, 52 positive Myroides species cultures were identified, with 21 deemed infections. A higher proportion of Myroides-infected patients than controls had diabetes mellitus. The most common infections were skin/soft-tissue infections (42.8%), osteomyelitis (33.3%), and urinary tract infections (19%); and 28.5% were bacteremic infections. All isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides, but the majority were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (81%), ciprofloxacin (57%), and meropenem (68%). The main antimicrobial treatments provided were meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A significant difference in survival was not found between patients with Myroides infection and uninfected controls (hazard ratio, 3.42; 95% confidence interval, .63–18.74; P = .16).

Conclusions
All patients in this study had reasonable treatment options, belying previous reports of extensive antibiotic resistance in Myroides. Our small study did not detect a statistically significant decrease in survival among Myroides-infected patients compared to controls.
Inhibition of mitochondrial energy production leads to reorganization of the plant endomembrane system
Authors: Wang Taotao , Li Xinjing , Yu Hongying , Zhang Heng , Xie Zhiping , Gong Qingqiu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mitochondria have generated the bulk of ATP to fuel cellular activities, including membrane trafficking, since the beginning of eukaryogenesis. How inhibition of mitochondrial energy production will affect the form and function of the endomembrane system and whether such changes are specific in today's cells remain unclear. Here, we treated Arabidopsis thaliana with antimycin A (AA), a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC), as well as other mETC inhibitors and an uncoupler. We investigated the effects of AA on different endomembrane organelles connected by vesicle trafficking via anterograde and retrograde routes that heavily rely on ATP and GTP provision for SNARE and RAB/GEF function, respectively, in root cells. Similar to previous reports, AA inhibited root growth mainly by shortening the elongation zone (EZ) in an energy- and auxin-dependent way. We found that PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) and REQUIRES HIGH BORON 1 (BOR1), key proteins for EZ establishment and cell expansion, undergo accelerated endocytosis and accumulate at enlarged multivesicular bodies (MVBs) after AA treatment. Such accumulation is consistent with the observation that the central vacuole becomes fragmented and spherical and that the Arabidopsis Rab7 homolog RABG3f, a master regulator of MVB and vacuolar function, localizes to the tonoplast, likely in a GTP-bound form. We further examined organelles and vesicle populations along the secretory pathway and found that the Golgi apparatus—in particular, the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)—cannot be maintained when mETC is inhibited. Our findings reveal the importance and specific impact of mitochondrial energy production on endomembrane homeostasis.
Steady-State Solutions for a Geometrically Thin Accretion Disk with Magnetically Driven Winds
Authors: Tamilan Mageshwaran , Hayasaki Kimitake , Suzuki Takeru K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present steady-state solutions for a one-dimensional, magnetically driven accretion disk wind model based on magnetohydrodynamic equations. We assume a geometrically thin, gas-pressure-dominated accretion disk, incorporating both magnetic braking and turbulent viscosity introduced by an extended alpha-viscosity prescription. Additionally, the vertical stress parameter is assumed to scale with the disk aspect ratio. We confirm that the derived solutions result in standard disk solutions when the wind is absent. We find that the mass accretion rate decreases as the disk mass falls inward, while the mass loss rate increases with radius. The disk spectrum emitted from the magnetically driven disk wind can be observed without interference from the wind medium because the wind is significantly optically thin. The spectral luminosity is proportional to $\nu ^{1/3}$ in the intermediate, multicolor-blackbody wavebands, in the absence of wind, as predicted by standard disk theory. However, in the presence of wind, it follows a different power-law dependence on frequency over the same range. A deviation from the spectral slope of $1/3$, particularly a negative spectral slope, is a clear indicator of the presence of a magnetically driven wind. We also discuss an observational strategy to test our model with multiwavelength observations.
A predictive model based on the gut microbiota improves the diagnostic effect in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Chen-Long , Yu Si-Yuan , Dong Hui-Jing , Yang Lei , Liu Yang , He Pei-Feng , Zhang Sheng-Xiao , Yu Qi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, destructive autoimmune disorder predominantly targeting the joints, with gut microbiota dysbiosis being intricately associated with its progression. The aim of the present study is to develop effective early diagnostic methods for early RA based on gut microbiota.

Methods
A cohort comprising 262 RA patients and 475 healthy controls (HCs) was recruited. Faecal samples were collected from all participants, and microbial DNA was subsequently extracted. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subjected to high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, a dataset with the accession number PRJNA450340 from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) was incorporated into the study. The sequencing data underwent processing and analysis utilizing QIIME2. To construct microbiome-based diagnostic models, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) methodologies were employed, with the self-test data functioning as the training set and the PRJNA450340 dataset serving as the validation set.

Result
The results indicated that patients with RA exhibited a significantly reduced gut microbial α-diversity compared with the HCs group. The β-diversity analysis demonstrated notable distinctions in the gut microbiota structure between RA patients and HCs. Variations in the gut microbiome composition between RA patients and HCs were evident at both the phylum and genus levels. LEfSe analysis revealed a substantial number of significantly different microbiota between RA patients and HC, and seven key genera were obtained by intersection of the different flora in the two data sets: Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Fusicatenibacter, Butyricicoccus, Subdoligranulum, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Romboutsia and Dorea. Utilizing these seven core genera, RA diagnostic models were developed employing RF, SVM and GLM methodologies. The GLM model exhibited consistent performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 71.03% in the training set and 74.71% in the validation set.

Conclusion
Notable differences in gut microbiota exist between RA patients and healthy individuals. Diagnostic models based on key microbial genera hold potential for aiding in the early identification of individuals at risk for developing RA, thereby suggesting new avenues for its diagnosis.
Tofacitinib treatment for active dermatomyositis and anti-synthetase syndrome: a prospective cohort pilot study
Authors: Xing Xiaoyan , Li Yuhui , Liu Qinghong , Wang Naidi , Zhang Kai , Mo Wanxing , Zhao Liang , Zhang Jian , Ma Ke , Zhao Xuyang , Lu Dan , He Jing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of active dermatomyositis (DM) and anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS).

Methods
Tofacitinib was administered at a dose of 5 mg twice daily to patients who exhibited inadequate response to conventional treatments. The primary end point was the reduction in T follicular helper (Tfh) cells at week 24. Key secondary end points included clinical scores. Moreover, we analysed the immunological profiles and conducted RNA sequencing (RNAseq) on peripheral blood samples from four patients.

Results
A total of 26 patients were enrolled, with 21 completing the study. Both DM and ASS patients demonstrated significant improvements in disease activity. Among these patients, the percentage of Tfh cells in peripheral blood decreased in 81.0% (17/21) of them (P = 0.003). Significant reductions in Th17 cells were observed in vivo in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of these patients (P = 0.017). In vitro, Tfh cells (2.88 ± 1.13 vs 2.28 ± 0.92, P&lt; 0.001), Th17 cells (1.42 ± 0.92 vs 1.01 ± 0.74, P = 0.016), Treg cells (2.06 ± 1.26 vs 0.98 ± 0.65, P = 0.019) and Tfh17 cells (33.38 ± 15.14 vs 30.28 ± 4.89, P = 0.014) were inhibited. RNAseq analysis revealed significant downregulation of genes associated with the ‘herpes simplex virus 1 infection’ and ‘IL-17 signalling’ pathway. Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Tool (MDAAT) scores improved in 21 out of 24 patients. Fifteen (62.5%) patients met the criteria for International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies (IMACS) definition of improvement (DOI). Importantly, no severe adverse events necessitated treatment discontinuation.

Conclusion
Tofacitinib demonstrated significant immunologic and clinical effectiveness in DM and ASS patients, reducing key immune cell populations and downregulating immune activation pathways.
Radon in schools of Montenegro
Authors: Vukotic Perko , Zekic Ranko , Svrkota Nikola , Andjelic Tomislav , Dlabac Aleksandar , Mrdak Radivoje , Svrkota Ranko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
During the school year, radon (222Rn) was continuously measured with passive detectors in all public schools in Montenegro—345 primary and 47 secondary schools. Measurements were taken in all ground-floor classrooms and offices (2336 rooms in total), as well as in 182 first-floor rooms across 91 schools. On the first floor, the arithmetic mean (AM) of radon concentrations was 100 Bq/m3, and the median (MED) was 65 Bq/m3, with only five schools having rooms where radon levels exceeded 300 Bq/m3. On the ground floor of all 392 schools, the AM was 276 Bq/m3, and the MED was 146 Bq/m3. In 188 schools, some rooms had radon levels above 300 Bq/m3, and in 43 schools, certain rooms exceeded 1000 Bq/m3. An assessment of the effective annual doses from radon inhalation for pupils was also conducted. On average, the dose was 0.66 mSv per school year, although in some classrooms it reached up to 11 mSv.
Ivanishvili v Credit Suisse Trust: (not) limiting trustee’s liability
Authors: Holcombe Sophie , Randall Jamie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The decision in Ivanishvili v Credit Suisse Trust Ltd (“Credit Suisse Trust”) is an important reminder of the high standards expected of trustees and the circumstances in which a trustee will be liable for loss to the trust fund. This article focuses on three ways in which Credit Suisse Trust sought to avoid liability. Two of these are concepts that are prevalent in modern trust deeds: anti-Bartlett clauses and the reservation of powers. The third is an import from the law of tort: the application of the scope of duty principle to claims for breach of fiduciary duty.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals potential roles of polyamine and proline metabolism in waterlogged peach roots inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica
Authors: Liang Sheng-Min , Abeer Hashem , Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah , Wu Qiang-Sheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Root-associated endophytic fungi can create symbiotic relationships with trees to enhance stress tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms, especially with regard to waterlogging tolerance, remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on the growth, root cross-section structure, and root transcriptional responses of peach under waterlogging stress, with a focus on polyamine and proline metabolism. Genes and transcription factors associated with secondary cell wall biosynthesis were selected, and their expression profiles were analyzed. F. mosseae significantly increased the height, stem diameter, and leaf number of peach seedlings subjected to two weeks of waterlogging stress, whereas S. indica only significantly improved stem diameter. Both fungal species substantially increased root diameter, stele diameter, the number of late metaxylem inside the stele, and late metaxylem diameter, thus improving aeration within inoculated roots under waterlogging stress. Transcriptomic analysis of waterlogged roots identified 5425 and 5646 differentially expressed genes following inoculation with F. mosseae and S. indica, respectively. The arginine and proline metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways were enriched following fungal inoculations. Both fungi reduced the conversion of glutamate and ornithine for proline synthesis. However, S. indica promoted peptide-to-proline conversion by up-regulating the expression of PIPs. Although both fungi promoted the expression of genes involved in arginine and ornithine synthesis pathway, only F. mosseae led to increased levels of arginine and ornithine. Additionally, F. mosseae promoted the accumulation of putrescine and maintained polyamine homeostasis by down-regulating PAO2 and SAMDC. Moreover, F. mosseae facilitated the metabolism of cadaverine. In conclusion, both F. mosseae and S. indica formed symbiotic relationships with peach, with F. mosseae primarily improving polyamine accumulation and S. indica predominantly facilitating proline accumulation for enhanced waterlogging resistance.
Inhibition of triglyceride metabolism‐associated enhancers alters lipid deposition during adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Zeng Sha , Li Ziqi , Li Xiaokai , Du Qinjiao , Zhang Yu , Zhong Zhining , Wang Haoming , Zhang Songling , Li Penghao , Li Haohuan , Chen Li , Jiang Anan , Shang Peng , Li Mingzhou , Long Keren 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTriglyceride (TG) metabolism is a complex and highly coordinated biological process regulated by a series of genes, and its dysregulation can lead to the occurrence of disorders in lipid metabolism. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of crucial genes in TG metabolism mediated by enhancer–promoter interactions remain elusive. Here, we identified candidate enhancers regulating the Agpat2, Dgat1, Dgat2, Pnpla2, and Lipe genes in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes by integrating epigenomic data (H3K27ac, H3K4me1, and DHS‐seq) with chromatin three‐dimensional interaction data. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that 11 enhancers exhibited fluorescence activity. The repression of enhancers using the dCas9‐KRAB system revealed the functional roles of enhancers of Dgat2 and Pnpla2 in regulating their expression and TG metabolism. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses revealed that inhibition of Dgat2‐En4 downregulated pathways associated with lipid metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, overexpression and motif mutation experiments of transcription factor found that two TFs, PPARG and RXRA, regulate the activity of Agpat2‐En1, Dgat2‐En4, and Pnpla2‐En5. Our study identified functional enhancers regulating TG metabolism and elucidated potential regulatory mechanisms of TG deposition from enhancer–promoter interactions, providing insights into understanding lipid deposition.
Subtype-Specific Patterns of Tumor Purity and Mutation Load Suggest Treatment Implications
Authors: Schneider Daniel , Brown Ethan D.L. , Gluski Jacob , Mishra Akash , Shah Harshal A. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Lo Sheng-Fu Larry 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
Sarcomas are complex mesenchymal malignancies whose molecular characteristics can significantly influence treatment strategies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor purity, mutation load, and clinical characteristics across sarcoma subtypes, focusing on potential implications for therapeutic stratification.

Methods:
This study analyzed the molecular characteristics of 7494 sarcoma cases from the Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma (MSK, Nat Commun 2022) data set using available case analysis. Correlations between tumor purity, mutation load, age, and sex were analyzed using nonparametric methods, with subtype-specific analyses conducted using Kruskal-Wallis tests and Bonferroni-corrected post hoc comparisons. A comprehensive analysis of mutation patterns was performed using microsatellite instability (MSI) status.

Results:
Significant correlations between mutation load and tumor purity (ρ=0.320, P<0.001) were identified, with marked heterogeneity across subtypes. Tumor purity ranged from 20.0% in brain sarcomas to 78.5% in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Age-related molecular changes were observed in brain (ρ=0.711, P=0.006) and skin sarcomas (ρ=0.450, P=0.006), suggesting distinct evolutionary patterns. A subset of hypermutated, microsatellite stable cases (0.15%) with mutation loads exceeding 100 mutations/mb were identified, suggesting alternative mechanisms of genomic instability. MSI-high status was rare (0.24%) but associated with higher mutation loads (median: 25.84 vs. 2.42, P<0.001), particularly in uterine sarcomas (0.7% prevalence).

Conclusions:
The identification of distinct molecular patterns across sarcoma subtypes challenge existing morphology-based classification systems and may hold implications for therapeutic stratification. These findings may help inform future immunotherapeutic and molecular-guided approaches to treatment in sarcoma patients, particularly for elderly patients with brain sarcomas or females with uterine sarcomas.