bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Subpopulations of the Spleen, Thymus, Tongue and Heart in Cyclophosphamide‐induced Immunosuppressed Rat
Authors: Yoon S. , Yoo H. J. , Shim N. R. , Baek S. Y. , Kim B. S. , Kim J. B. , Jun E. J. , Son Y. K. , Lee S. Y. , Yoo Y. H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis study was undertaken to investigate the immunohistochemical characterization of different subpopulations of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) of the spleen, thymus, tongue and heart in cyclophosphamide (CY)‐induced immunosuppressed rat. After CY treatment, remarkably, ED1+, ED2+ and ED3+ macrophage subpopulations, in general, exhibited signs of cellular activation such as an increase in number and size of cell, and an upregulation of the ED1, ED2 and ED3 reactive surface molecule expression in all the organs studied, except for some macrophage subpopulations including ED1+ macrophages in the non‐lymphoid tissues. Subpopulations of DCs showed a differential sensitivity to CY. Lymphoid DCs were more sensitive to CY than non‐lymphoid interstitial DCs. CY induced a conspicuous upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression in the vascular endothelial cells, splenic marginal zone and thymic cortex. In this study, we demonstrated the in vivo effects of CY treatment on subpopulations of macrophages and DCs as well as on ICAM‐1 expression in the rat spleen, thymus, tongue and heart. Moreover, our results shed more light on the activation effects of CY on certain subpopulations of macrophages, on the differential sensitivity of DCs to CY between the immature and mature ones, on the functional role of different subpopulations of macrophages, and on the significance of upregulated ICAM‐1 expression in the splenic marginal zone and thymic cortex after CY treatment.
Morphological Relationship Between Intercalated Duct and Pancreatic Islet in Streptozotocin and/or Camostat Mesilate Administrations in the Chicken
Authors: Nagasao J. , Sugiyama D. , Yoshioka K. , Amasaki H. , An T. , Yue Z. , Mutoh K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryPresent electron microscopical and immunocytochemistrical studies elucidated some morphological relationship between intercalated duct (ICD) and pancreatic islet cells in the chicken in streptozotocin (STZ) and/or camostat mesilate (CM) administrations. Twenty‐one chickens were set into four experimental groups: (1) control group, (2) STZ administration group, (3) CM administration group, and (4) STZ + CM administration group. Cytoplasms of ICD cells stained more strongly with eosin in STZ administration group than other groups, and electron‐dense materials and intercalated processes between ICD and islet cells were also increasing in time dependence in STZ administration. Number of pancreatic islet in STZ + CM co‐administration was about 3.1 times larger than other groups. Many small sized cells were detected at surrounding area of ICD and they incorporated 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine better than other experimental groups. Present morphological data suggested that ICD cells might support some tolerances of pancreatic endocrine cells against toxic substances and also involve in regeneration of new pancreatic islet cells in STZ + CM co‐administration.
On‐going expansion of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) in central Europe (Horn.: Aphididae)
Authors: Starý By Petr 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: A supplementary research on Russian wheat aphid (= RVA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) between 1998‐99 documented the pest distribution all over the Czech republic already. RVA abundance was proved to be significantly area‐dependent within the state. The banker areas are in southern Moravia (district Znojmo, the frontier area near Austria) up to central Moravia. The determined RWA distribution area is much broader than presumed on grounds of climatic characteristics.The abundance of RVA generally decreases from the SE to the NW and N direction, as well as with the increasing altitude within the area.The highest altitude a.s.l. of RWA occurrence in the crop was 762 in. The re‐classified main expansion route was determined to follow two directions (sourcing from Hungary and Austria) to southern‐central‐northem Moravia, and to southern Bohemia and further on to the central Bohemian lowland. The field information indicated the development of preference of RWA for barley.
Mit neuen Verfahren gegen Fruchtwickler in Kleingartenanlagen
Authors: Albert Von R. , Wolff R. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: The availability of pesticides in private gardens is limited by local law in the State of Baden‐Württemberg in south‐west Germany. Only 26 insecticides, fungicides and molluscicides are permitted. Hence, only pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Granulosis Virus, pyrethrum or the pheromone mating disruption method (PMDM) can be used for moth control in apple. The use of beneficials like Trichogramma sp. or Chrysoperla carnea is not limited. PMDM had not been previ‐ously investigated in allotments until the experiments reported here were carried out in 1998 and 1999. In these experiments, PMDM was compared with the use of the egg parasites, Trichogramma dendrolimi and T. cacoeciae. The observations were done in 102 allotments, each of about 300 m2. The gardeners are members of a special club for the allotments and they often organize the bulk acquisition of plants or fertilizers for the club. Sometimes the club obtains plant protection products when something has to be done in all allotments. The codling moth and the plum fruit moth are important pests in these allotments.In 1997, attacks of codling moth were generally low throughout the southern Germany. This was reflected in the allotments where there was less than one per cent fruit damage with PMDM or the egg parasites the following year. During 1999, the attacks were generally much higher resulting in a higher use of insecticides in commercial German orchards. In the allotments, about six to eight per cent of fruits were damaged by the codling moth in both experimental treatments.The results indicate that PMDM can be successful in allotments and is equally as effective as the use of egg‐parasites. But further experiments are required.
Elm bark beetles and Dutch Elm Disease: tests of combined control
Authors: Faccoli Massimo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe possibility for the combined control of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi and Scolytus multistriatus was tested in Italy. Two elm clones [U. pumila×U. minor (clone B) and U. glabra var. pendula grafted onto U. pumila×U. minor pollards (clone A)] were treated by stem injection of different blend or concentrations of fungicides and insecticides. Then, adults of S. multistriatus, either loaded with spores of two isolates of O. novo‐ulmi (H328 and 182) or provided of their natural load of conidia, were forced to feed in twig crotches of the treated trees. After 48 hours all insects were checked (dead or alive). One month later, the same twigs were cut off and brought to the laboratory. From each twig, three discs almost 1 mm thick were then taken (0, 3 and 6 cm over the point where the insect fed). The wood discs were inoculated in selective substrate and stored until the development of O. novo‐ulmi colonies. All thesis containing insecticides give good results against S. multistriatus. Similarly, all thesis containing fungicides show a good fungus control independently from the fungal isolated. The percentage of fungal transmission obtained from insects carrying the natural load of conidia was lower than percentages obtained from beetles artificially loaded. Both beetle sex and position on the foliage never influence insect mortality or O. novo‐ulmi infection. The best results were obtained injecting the Carbendazim + Acephate blend in the clone A. High chemical concentrations did not improve the general results.
Effect of ploughing and previous crop on winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under integrated farming system in Slovakia
Authors: Gallo J. , Pekár S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of ploughing and previous crop on winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under an integrated farming system was investigated in an experimental area in Slovakia. The experiment consisted of 4 small plots (50 m2 each) to which both organic and inorganic fertilisers were applied. Moreover, there was one application of herbicide and a fungicide on each plot. The ploughing was either deep or shallow, and either silage‐maize or pea was used as a previous crop. The effects of the ploughing and previous crop was studied by means of multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA) and subsequent Monte‐Carlo permutation test. The results showed that there was a considerable temporal variation in the abundance of insect pests and their natural enemies. Of the two husbandry treatments, only ploughing caused significant difference in the composition and abundance of both pests and natural enemies. However, while most of the pests favoured deep ploughing, the majority of natural enemies occurred more abundantly on shallowly ploughed plots. The previous crop did not affect numbers of either pests or natural enemies. Two systems, integrated and organic, which have been surveyed previously, were mutually compared with respect to the abundance of insect pests. The organic farming system turned out to be more sustainable.
Studies on the parasitoids of Gelechia senticetella (Stgr.)  (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Bulgaria
Authors: Mirchev P. , Georgiev G. Ts. , Tsankov G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe parasitoids of Gelechia senticetella (Stgr.) (Lepid.: Gelechiidae), a pest of Juniperus excelsa M. B., were studied in the “Tissata” reserve in Bulgaria. They were reared in laboratory conditions from pest larvae and pupae collected in 1991, 1992 and 2000. As a result of this study, 16 species of parasitoids of G. senticetella were recorded: Habrobracon stabilis Wesm., Hormius moniliatus (Nees), Phanerotoma tritoma Marsh. (Hym.: Braconidae), Diadegma consumptor (Grav.), Liotryphon cydiae (Perk.), Scambus pomorum (Ratz.), Scambus foliae (Cush.), Pimpla turionellae (L.), Eudelus simillimus (Tasch.), Mesochorus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), Sympiesis acalle Walk., Aprostocetus sp. (Hym.: Eulophidae), Eupelmus urozonus Dalm. (Hym.: Eupelmidae), Copidosoma thompsoni Merc. (Hym.: Encyrtidae), Calliprymna bisetosa Grah., and Mesopolobus sp. (Hym.: Pteromalidae). H. stabilis and P. tritoma were discovered as new species for the fauna of Bulgaria. Three species (E. simillimus, Mesochorus sp. and Aprostocetus sp.) are hyperparasitoids, and the remaining species are primary parasitoids. Most of the parasitoid species attack the larvae of G. senticetella and kill the hosts before pupation. In the studied parasitoid complex, D. consumptor and H. moniliatus were the dominant species. In 1991, the level of total parasitism of the host in the “Tissata” reserve was 24.3 %, in 1992 – 57.9 % and in 2000 – 12.7 %. D. consumptor was the most important parasitoid destroying 26.6 % of the pest larvae in 1992.
Nachweis der Australischen Schabe  (Periplaneta australasiae [Fabricius, 1775]) in Sachsen‐Anhalt
Authors: Mielke U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae [Fabricius, 1775]) is a roach species that is scarcely found in Germany. On the territory of Saxony‐Anhalt it has only been detected twice, these observations dating back more than 60 years. In early 2001, a mass appearance of the Australian cockroach was recorded in a greenhouse of the Magdeburg Zoological Gardens. The author is not aware of any other current appearance of the Australian cockroach in the land of Saxony‐Anhalt.
Impact and control of the cone tortricid Pseudococcyx tessulatana (Staudinger), damaging the cone crop of a selected clone of cypress  (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Italy
Authors: Cantini Raffaella , Battisti Andrea 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe green cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) is of great interest for ornamental, reforestation and windbreak use in the whole Mediterranean basin. In Italy, seed material selected for resistance to the fungus Seiridium cardinale is produced in seed orchards by controlled crosses of parent trees. The insect pest showing the highest impact on seed cone production is Pseudococcyx tessulatana (Lep.; Tortricidae), which attacks cones during the initial growth period as well as full‐grown cones. The impact on the seed cone crop of the tortricid was estimated on a clone patented for its resistance to cypress canker (Agrimed 1). The attack was inversely related to the cone crop, as it concerned 36.7 % of cones in 1999 (high crop year) and the 66 % in 2000 (low crop year). In both years, about 90 % of the surveyed branches revealed cones attacked by P. tessulatana by the 1st life‐cycle larvae, whereas only 40 % of branches were also attacked by the larvae of the 2nd life cycle. The highest attack rate per branch was always observed on branches bearing a low number of cones. The potential of two control methods against P. tessulatana to protect cones which result from crossing a mother tree “Agrimed 1” with selected father trees was also evaluated in 2000. The protection given by a sleeve surrounding the branch was almost complete (0.4 % cone mortality), whereas a cone mortality of 24.3 % was observed on branches treated by the insecticide diflubenzuron. Sleeves appear to be useful to protect branches on which special crosses were done, but are expensive and time‐consuming and may favour the attack of the mealybug Planococcus vovae inside the sleeve. The insecticide application may represent a valid alternative, especially when protection should be directed toward a high number of branches.
Studies on morphology and biology of immature stages of the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Stathas G. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMorphological characteristics of immature developmental stages of Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae), predator of scale insects of the family Diaspididae (Homoptera), are described. Data about the morphology of eggs, the four larval instars, and the pupa is presented. Larval instars are described in more detail: size of head capsule, length of tibia, distribution of dorsal and lateral setae of abdomen segments for each larval instar is reported. Distribution of spiracles is also given. Study on the biology concerns the influence of prey on the duration of instar periods. The diaspidids Aspidiotus nerii and Aonidiella aurantii were used as food. The mean duration of the developmental period from egg to adult was 27.1 days, and no mortality was observed (0 %) when A. nerii was used as prey. The respective numbers when the prey was A. aurantii were 48.8 days and 84 %.
Impact of neem and chinaberry fruit extracts on the pest/parasitoid (Pieris rapae/Hyposoter ebeninus) interactions
Authors: Matter M. M. , Gesraha M. A. , Ahmed A. A. I. , Farag N. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new technique was performed to simulate exposure of the host Pieris rapae larvae to both botanical treatment and the parasitoid Hyposoter eheninus in different sequences. It was found that: host larvae subjected to both parasitoid and 1 % neem treatment showed significant or insignificant reductions both in pupal formation as well as adult emergence percentages when treatment preceded or followed parasitism, respectively. Both neem treatments revealed significant prolongation in the development of unparasitized and parasitized larvae (on average 4 to 5 days delay), whereas chinaberry caused significant prolongation only among parasitized larvae (on average 2.7 days delay in egg‐larval duration). Fate of parasitism among untreated hosts was found to be faster than among neem‐treated ones. Parasitism percentages among 1 and 0.5 % neem‐treated third instar host larvae held 7 days before parasitism reached 3 and 2 times that achieved among those reared on untreated diet for the same period, ­respectively. It was concluded that prolongation of the preferred target instars of the host, due to neem treatments, increased the chance for parasitism. Nevertheless, treatment with neem at the LC50 level exhibited a great reduction in parasitoid progeny. However, a lower concentration (LC25) could reasonably potentiate parasitism without drastic losses in parasitoid emergence.
The thermal constant for timing the emergence of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliv.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Salama H. S. , Hamdy M. K. , Magd El‐Din M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe pupal duration of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliv.) at two different temperatures revealed that the thermal threshold is – 2.3 °C, while the thermal constant is 423 degree days. Around 20.7 cycles of weevil emergence per year have been predicted in Egypt. A temperature between 44 – 45 °C was found to be the higher threshold at which the pupae are killed. The heat units required for the pupal development were utilized to predict the dates of adult emergence throughout the year.
Monitoring the appearance and possibility for prevention of the apple sawfly in Croatia
Authors: Ciglar I. , Barić B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea Klug has recently become a widespread pest in Croatian apple orchards. It causes severe damage in the blooming period due to the fact that infested fruit fall off.

This article shows results collected over three years of field research on trap catches of sawflies, the period of laying eggs, the appearance of larvae and detection of damage. In the climate of northwestern Croatia, adult sawfly appear in April during the blooming period of the early apple variety of Idared.  By monitoring temperatures from January 1, adults were detected when the thermal constant reached 210 day‐degrees. Our observations showed that the larvae emerged when the sum of thermal constants reached ca. 110 day‐degrees.  The investigation of effective control strategies with insecticides showed high efficacy of thiametoxam (Actara), imidacloprid (Confidor), thiacloprid (Calypso) and betacyfluthrin + oxydemeton‐methyl (Enduro) and lower efficacy of phosalone (Zolone), chlorpyrifos‐methyl (Reldan), and lambda cyhalothrin (Karate).
Acute spread in France of an invasive pest, the horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridellaDeschka & Dimic (Lep., Gracillariidae)
Authors: Guichard S. , Augustin S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe horse chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) spread over the last 10 years from central Europe to western Europe and was observed for the first time in 2000 in the east of France and near Paris. This study presents the results of surveys carried out in France in 2001 to investigate the distribution and infestation level of the leafminer. One year after its first discovery, the moth was present in a large part of the country and for the first time has been observed in Paris. The spread of the moth is due mainly to natural dispersal and to passive dispersal by human activities.
Altägyptische Fliegen‐ und Käferrelikte in einem Priestersarg der achtzehnten Dynastie
Authors: Levinson H. , Levinson A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAncient Egyptian insect relics were accidentally enclosed in embalming resin which leaked from a priest's mummy and solidified on the floor of a wooden coffin from the end of the XVIIIth Dynasty (presumably 1323 – 1295 BC). The preserved insect relics were blowflies (Calliphoridae) recognized as Chrysomya marginalis or Chrysomya megacephala whose larvae had developed by feeding on the deceased's body prior to mummification as well as furniture beetles (Anobiidae) being either Oligomerus ptilinoides or Priobium carpini whose larvae had ingested the coniferous wood of the coffin. It is most likely that the human corpse and coffin were first attacked by the blowflies and furniture beetles prior to embalming, while infestation of the insect remains and textiles by Anthrenus sp. (Dermestidae) occurred in our time.
Studies on diets and population dynamics of the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne F. (Col., Anobiidae)
Authors: Magd El‐Din M.A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAromatic spice crops such as coriander, Coriandrum sativum L., and fennel, Foeniculum vulgare L., are among the major seeds exported to the international market. Observations on the stores of these crops revealed differences in their susceptibility to the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Col., Anobiidae). Coriander seeds proved to be the most appropriate diet for the beetle. The population dynamics of L. serricorne (F.) was determined, showing 3 generations during the period from May to October.
The caseload, assessment and treatment of atopic dermatitis: A survey of Australian dermatologists
Authors: Stephens Robert B , Cooper Alan 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYIn early 1995 we surveyed all 250 practicing Australian members of the Australasian College of Dermatologists by a mail‐out questionnaire to determine information, such as the caseload imposed by atopic dermatitis, the severity of cases seen by dermatologists, current treatment and dermatologists’ satisfaction with treatment. One hundred and forty‐nine responses were received. Fifty per cent of patients with atopic dermatitis seen by dermatologists were younger than 10 years, 18% were 10–16 years, and 32% were older than 16 years. Disease was considered to be severe in 18% of patients, moderate in 41% and mild in 41%. Emollients and topical corticosteroids were the most commonly used treatments but there was wide variation in other treatments used by individual dermatologists. Only 10% of respondents were very satisfied with existing treatments for severe atopic dermatitis; 20% of patients with severe disease were considered as refractory or non‐responsive. New therapies such as cyclosporin have the potential to improve existing standards of care.
Pilot study of store and forward teledermatology services in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Tait Clare P , Clay Christopher D 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYIn remote areas, telemedicine services can improve the quality of access to specialist medical care and dermatology is well suited to the use of this technology. There is no published work on teledermatology services in Australia. Our purpose was to investigate the reliability of dermatological diagnoses obtained using a store and forward telemedicine system, which is being developed to offer specialist consultative services to patients in remote areas of Western Australia. We report on a small prospective non‐randomized pilot study conducted at Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia which compared diagnoses reached following telemedicine consultations with diagnoses reached following traditional face‐to‐face consultations. In 25 out of 30 consultations, identical diagnoses were reached. In the remaining five cases, the preferred diagnosis and first differential diagnosis were reversed in order of preference. We feel this system is sufficiently promising to trial more extensively in the field.
Unilateral pigmented purpuric eruption
Authors: Mar Adrian , Fergin Peter , Hogan Peter 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThree cases of unilateral pigmented purpuric eruption (UPPE) occurring in children aged between 7 and 12 years are reported. The lesions were asymptomatic and occurred on the lower limb and torso; one case demonstrated a quadrantic configuration with a sharp midline cutoff. The purpuric component resolved spontaneously within 3 months in all cases, while pigmentation showed partial resolution in the two cases followed up for 12 months. Our cases support previous reports of UPPE being a benign self‐limiting condition mainly affecting young patients. The cause is unknown.