bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical competence of Iranian nurses
Authors: Emami Zeydi Amir , Ghazanfari Mohammad Javad , Azizi Ehsan , Darvishi-Khezri Hadi , Mortazavi Hamed , Osuji Joseph , Karkhah Samad 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
One of the most important steps in increasing the nurses’ professional competence and consequently improving the quality of nursing care is to evaluate nurses’ clinical competency and then take effective actions to enhance it. This study aimed at exploring the clinical competence of Iranian nurses and factors related to it.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, and Iranmedex databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched to February 14, 2020.

RESULTS:
After screening, a total of 25 articles were included. In general, the level of clinical competence of Iranian nurses was at a desirable level. After meta-analysis of the mean score of nurses’ clinical competence, the combined mean was 161.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 137.78–184.48; P < 0.001; I
2 = 99.8%; P value for heterogeneity = P < 0.001) by the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN) questionnaire. The summarized mean of clinical competency measured by the Nurse Competence Scale (NCS) questionnaire was 70.75 (95% CI: 60.80–80.70; P < 0.001; I
2 = 99.9%; P value for heterogeneity = P < 0.001). Factors affecting nurses’ clinical competence were age ≥33 years, nursing work experience ≥9 years, and a master's degree in nursing. However, the clinical competence of nurses had a significant negative relationship with job stress.

CONCLUSION:
The level of clinical competence of Iranian nurses was desirable. Studies that used the CIRN, reported the highest and lowest clinical competence in clinical care and professional development dimensions, respectively. Studies that used the NCS, reported the highest and lowest clinical competence in dimensions of work role and ensuring quality, respectively.
Comparison of the effect of in vitro and in vivo exposure on cadaveric anxiety among first year medical and nursing students
Authors: Belsiyal C Xavier , Srivastav Ankit , Ray Sukanya , Prasad M. Krishna , Pakhare Abhijit P. , Rathinam Bertha A. D. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Human anatomy instruction is mostly focused on cadaver dissection and prosected specimen examination. Exposure to cadaver dissection can be a stressful experience that may cause a wide variety of symptoms among students of health sciences. To compare and evaluate the effect of in-vitro and in-vivo exposure on cadaveric anxiety, disgust propensity and sensitivity, and attitude toward death and dying among 1st-year medical and nursing students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An open-label randomized trial (matched-control experimental design) was conducted among 127 1st-year Medical and Nursing students from a selected Institute of National Importance, Bhopal, India during 2015. The participants were divided into an experimental and control group based on matched trait anxiety scores using the Trait Anxiety Inventory. Followed by preassessment, video demonstration with cadaver dissection (in vitro exposure) was then administered to the experimental group, while the control group had direct exposure to cadaver dissection (in vivo exposure).

RESULTS:
The study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in state anxiety related to cadaver dissection in the experimental group (P = 0.01). However, video-demonstration of cadaver dissection did not have any effect on disgust propensity and sensitivity and attitude toward death and dying.

CONCLUSION:
The findings provided evidence that video-demonstration of cadaver dissection reduced anxiety, although it did not have any effect on disgust and attitudes of death. The dissection hall experience may evoke feelings of anxiety and disgust that need to be addressed through advanced preparedness and coping strategies, especially among medical and nursing students.
The influence of speed and strength training at school on the indicators of attention switching in children aged 13–14 years with different typologies
Authors: Polevoy G. G. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The background is to determine the influence of speed and strength training of schoolchildren aged 13–14 on the indicators of the ability of children with different nervous system strength to switch attention.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on sixty schoolchildren in a class 7, located in the city of Kirov, in Russia. The data were collected using an independent pedagogical experiment. Physical education at the school was held two times a week for 40 min each lesson. Children from class 7a (20 people) were engaged in the usual program and formed a control group. Children from class 7b (20 people) formed an experimental group, they performed an additional set of physical exercises at each lesson, aimed at developing speed and strength abilities. The strength of the nervous system was determined by tapping test, and the indicators of switching the attention of schoolchildren were determined by the test «Method of Numbers». T-student was used.

RESULTS:
After the pedagogical experiment, the indicators of attention switching in the control group improved. In children with a strong nervous system, the indicator was higher by 7%, and in children with a weak nervous system, the indicators increased from 33.7 ± 3.1 s to 32.0 ± 2.9 s. At the same time, in the experimental group, in both subgroups, the indicators increased significantly. Children with a strong nervous system improved performance by 14%, and children with a weak nervous system improved performance from 34.4 ± 3.9 s to 29.2 ± 3.3 s.

CONCLUSION:
The indicators of switching the attention of children aged 13–14 years will improve if they perform physical exercises at each physical culture lesson at school, which are aimed at developing speed and strength abilities. The components of the load for the development of abilities should be differentiated taking into account the strength of the schoolchildren nervous system.
Emotional difficulties in pregnant females who tested positive for COVID-19
Authors: Nazir Tanzeela , Amin Rehana , Maqbool Masood 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
It is evident that the novel coronavirus disease pandemic inevitably resulted in increased stress and anxiety in the general population. Pregnancy is a challenging period, and COVID-19 has added risk to women pregnant during the pandemic.

AIM:
The present study was aimed to assess the emotional difficulties in pregnant females who tested positive for COVID-19. The current study estimated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among 63 pregnant ladies who tested positive for COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was conducted in Child and Maternity Hospital of GMC Anantnag, Kashmir, India, from April to December 2020. A total of 63 pregnant females who tested positive for COVID-19 participated in the study. The COVID-positive pregnant ladies were interviewed in the outpatient department of the child and maternity clinic 2 weeks after the infection. The interview scale used was Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS:
We found that the mean age of participants was 33.5 ± 7.4. We found that 38.1% of the females had positive bad obstetric history. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 33.32%, 50.83%, and 60.3%, respectively. In correlation analysis, notably bad obstetric history and working females were significant independent factors for higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The depression was also found more in literate females and the third trimester.

CONCLUSION:
The study indicates high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnant females who tested positive for COVID-19. The emotional difficulties were found to be higher in educated and working females. The bad obstetric history was found to be an independent factor for higher levels of emotional difficulties in COVID-positive pregnant females. This calls for extra measures to promote the mental health and resilience of pregnant females, especially during a crisis.
A proposal to activate the role of early intervention programs for the rehabilitation of mothers of children with Down syndrome, in light of the Saudi vision 2030
Authors: Al Rubaie Nawal Abdulaziz Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Early intervention programs are supremacy in health, psychological, social, and sports care policies in many developed countries, considering the necessity to identify the circumstances and any support required as soon as possible. Consequently, understanding the critical role of mothers of children with Down syndrome in meeting the needs of their children is crucial, as well as developing their capacity to make positive contributions to the psychosocial harmony of their children. Hence, this study aims at determining the real role of early intervention programs in the rehabilitation of mothers of children with Down syndrome and identifying the obstacles that prevent early intervention services and programs from achieving their objective and how to treat it.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The descriptive-analytical approach was used. In order to achieve these objectives, an online questionnaire consisting of (88) phrases, divided into three areas, was applied to (20) mothers of children with Down syndrome.

RESULTS:
The assessment study concluded several results from the mothers' perspective, indicating that cognitive qualifications were highest at an average of 52.66%, followed by educational qualifications at an average of 50.73%, social qualification at an average of 48.78%, and religious qualification at an average of 48.33%. Finally, psychological qualifications were lowest at an average of 45.22%. The approval rate of all these proposals exceeded 90%.

CONCLUSION:
Based on these results, a proposal for activating early intervention programs for the rehabilitation of mothers of children with Down syndrome, in light of the Saudi Vision 2030, was set. It was also recommended to give continuous and intensive courses to mothers, in order to improve their children's skills and self-sufficiency.
Family and school-based educational intervention on fruits and vegetable consumption of female students
Authors: Hashemian Maryam , Abdolkarimi Mahdi , Nasirzadeh Mostafa 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Fruits and vegetable (F.V) consumption is the most pivotal strategy of preventing cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancers. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on consumption of F.Vs among female high schools’ students in Rafsanjan (South of Iran).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
This quasi-experimental study was carried out among 272 students (intervention = 134 and control group = 138) using a multistage sampling method. The instrument used in this study included demographic characteristics, the students’ F.V consumption during the past 7 days and its determinants based on the theory. Educational interventions were made in three sessions for students and two sessions for parents, teachers, and school officials. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 using the statistical tests of Chi-square, independent samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, and univariate model at a significant level of 0.05.

RESULTS:
Three months after the educational program, mean scores and standard deviation of F.V consumption and constructs in the intervention group increased significantly (P < 0.001). Respectively, 22.2% and 36.1% of the changes in the average unit of F.V consumption were the result of the present educational intervention.

CONCLUSION:
The intervention based on SCT with an emphasis on the interaction between student, family, and school has had an effect on F.V consumption behavior. Therefore, in forming behavior, attention is paid to the interaction of individual and interpersonal factors.
Reliability and validity of a satisfaction questionnaire on virtual education in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era aimed at cardiology faculty members
Authors: Mohebbi Bahram , Sadeghipour Parham , Noohi Feridoun , Maleki Majid , Peighambari Mohammad Mehdi , Hosseini Saeid , Zahedmehr Ali , Moosavi Jamal , Shafe Omid , Alemzadeh-Ansari Mohammad Javad , Farrashi Melody , Pouraliakbar Hamidreza , Ghadrdoost Behshid 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
In the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era, clinical programs and mandatory hands-on activities have been supplanted by remote teaching to maintain the fundamental capabilities of medical training and to furnish medical students with quality education. Nonetheless, the satisfaction of faculty members with this training method in the current pandemic has yet to be assessed. The aim of this study was to design a Persian questionnaire with appropriate validity and reliability on cardiology professors’ satisfaction level with virtual education.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was devised drawing upon scientific sources and Iranian medical educators’ expertise. Seventeen faculty members in various specialties evaluated the questionnaire concerning face and content validity. Content validity was assessed through the calculation of the content validity ratio (CVR) (values >0.62 were considered acceptable) and the content validity index (CVI) (values >0.79 were considered acceptable), construct validity was evaluated through principal component factor analysis by the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) statistic and Bartlett's sphericity test, internal reliability was measured through the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and consistency was appraised through the use of test-retest reliability at two different time points.

RESULTS:
The questionnaire had a reliability rate of 95%, indicating high internal validity. Concerning test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.96 (P < 0.001), demonstrating relatively good stability. The CVI was 0.81, and the CVR was 0.85. The KMO measure of sampling adequacy was 0.954, indicating the acceptability of the degree of common variance among the all items.

CONCLUSIONS:
This Persian questionnaire on virtual education aimed at cardiology faculty members in the current pandemic with its low question count and appropriate domains had high reliability and validity. By knowing the level of professors’ satisfaction with the new method of education, it is possible to take steps to better provide specialized medical education to cardiology residents.
The knowledge assessment and reducing the errors of medical certificate of cause of death with sensitization training of physicians
Authors: Akhade Swapnil Prabhakar , Dash Shreemanta Kumar , Akhade Kiran Swapnil 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
A Medical Certificate of Cause of Death (MCCD) is a vital document issued by a doctor and has a prescribed format published by the World Health Organization. It is an essential tool to obtain scientific and reliable information in terms of the cause of mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge about MCCD and to evaluate the impact of sensitization training on the MCCD among the physicians working in the trauma and emergency department in a Tertiary Care Centre.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A quasi-experimental quality improvement hospital-based study executed in Trauma and Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Hospital in Chhattisgarh State, India. The physicians posted in the Trauma and Emergency Department were participated in the study and attended the sensitization training session on MCCD. Statistical analysis used; the data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed with SPSS version 20 statistical software. Mean scores and standard deviation (SD) were used for pre and posttest data while statistical significance was tested using the paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. The technical and medical errors in MCCD forms were depicted in percentages.

RESULTS:
A total of 54 physicians completed the study, including 42 junior resident doctors, 6 senior resident doctors, and 6 faculties. There was a significant difference in the scores before (M = 4.39, SD = 1.571) and after (M = 7.5, SD = 0.885) the training (t = 17.6, P < 0.0001). The participants showed substantial improvement by reduction in technical errors from 28% to 14% while the medical error also slashed down from 42% to 16%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sensitization and educational training should be carried out consistently on regular intervals to improve the knowledge of physicians regarding the appropriate filling of MCCD and minimize the errors in MCCD, ultimately this will enhance usability and comparability of mortality statistics generated from International Classification of Diseases data.
Nexus between integrating technology readiness 2.0 index and students’ e-library services adoption amid the COVID-19 challenges
Authors: Rahmat Taufik Edi , Raza Saqlain , Zahid Hasan , Abbas Jaffar , Mohd Sobri Fatimah Azzahraa , Sidiki Shehla Najib 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The advent of the pandemic COVID-19 has resulted in a global crisis that resulted in the closure of universities and educational institutions worldwide. This study aims to explore the determinants of students’ intention towards e-library services usage amid the challenging time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reviews the technology-oriented individual attitude based on four dimensions of the technology readiness 2.0 index factors, which affect medical students’ perspectives.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The authors provided a self-administered questionnaire to medical students to investigate their e-library adoption attitude during the COVID-19 crisis. The authors distributed 542 questionnaires, received 361 complete responses and analyzed the data through path modeling/partial least squares structural equations modeling technique (PLS-SEM) with the smart PLS software version 3.3.3. The structural equation-modelling tool permits the estimation of results.

RESULTS:
The main finding revealed that medical students have a positive and explicit approach to use the services available at the e-library. Technology use and online services helped students continue their educational needs in the advent of the current pandemic COVID-19. Attitude and subjective norms have significant influence and are strong predictors of intention. However, due to inadequate support for the government side, the perceived behavioural control has an insignificant impact on intention. This paper indicated one of the pioneers investigating the determinants of e-library adoption among medical students based on technology-oriented personality traits, employing the four dimensions of the technology readiness 2.0 index during the challenges of the COVID-19 outbreak.

CONCLUSION:
The study's findings provide useful insight that offers valuable insights to implement specific strategies from the government officials to address medical students’ uncertainties and increase the technology adoption amid the COVID-19 pandemic in medical education for developing nations.
Psychosocial perception of health-care workers in a COVID-19-designated hospital in eastern India
Authors: Das Subrata , Chakraborty Avik , Chandra Samatirtha 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
COVID-19 pandemic has changed the life of people in many facets, economic, social, and psychological. Frontline health-care workers (HCWs) fighting against this pandemic faced some psychological as well as social issues which are of major concern. The objective of the study is to evaluate the magnitude of mental health problems, namely depression, anxiety, and stress among frontline HCWs as well as their perception on ongoing events and surroundings.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a prospective, observational study on n = 85 HCWs over a 4-month period. Study participants were sampled purposively in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria; data were collected by online survey method. A semi-structured scale was used: Part A of which assessed the demography and perception of HCWs on surrounding along with ongoing social events and Part B consisted of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 that was used to assess mental health issues. All the associations were tested in percentages and proportions. Statistics was calculated by using SPSS 24th version.

RESULTS:
Majority of the participants were female doctors and belonged to 21–30 years' age group. Most of them were marginally worried of contacting infection (73%) but were substantially apprehensive of transmitting infection to their family (56.5%) and hoped positive outcome ultimately in the form of recovery from infection. Majority (96.4%) gathered information from authentic sources and were confident of adequacy of their knowledge. Majority (88.3%) were satisfied about their occupational safety and responded on scientific solution of pandemic. However, we got a mixed result about their professional appreciation. Depression symptom score was higher than anxiety and stress symptom score in our participants.

CONCLUSIONS:
Doctors and nurses both were suffering from mental health issues, and provision of adequate information and occupational safety may lessen these burdens.
Sexual and reproductive health knowledge among primary school students in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Shih-Hui , Yeo Kee-Jiar 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
There is limited research on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge level among very young adolescents aged between 10 and 14 years. Policy makers and educators are unable to address very young adolescents’ SRH needs without proper understanding of their SRH knowledge. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore very young adolescents’ SRH knowledge level and the influences of demographic variables on the respondents’ SRH knowledge level in Malaysian primary schools.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study involved 617 primary five students who were recruited through multistage sampling method from the state of Johor, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire (Cronbach's α = 0.81) which comprised of 38 items related to puberty, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, prevention of child sexual abuse and reproductive systems and reproduction was used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the association between demographic variables and student's SRH knowledge.

RESULTS:
Based on the results, 28.5% of the respondents had unsatisfactory level of SRH knowledge. Among the four dimensions, the respondents had more knowledge on prevention of child sexual abuse but displayed poorer knowledge on HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases topic. The findings indicated female (odd ratio [OR] = 1.464) and Indian respondents (OR = 3.208) are more likely to exhibit poor SRH knowledge which suggested demographic factors exert some extent of influence on primary school children's SRH knowledge.

CONCLUSION:
The findings provide useful insights for the policy makers and educators seeking to improve the comprehensiveness of culturally accepted sexuality education which are essential in promoting young adolescents’ well-being.