bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key terms and topics of muscle-supportive and posture-corrective wearable robots for older adults using text mining and semantic network analyses
Authors: Tang Wujun , Chung Jiwon , Koo Sumin 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
This study aims to conduct text mining and semantic network analysis of muscle-supportive and posture-corrective wearable robots for the elderly to understand key terms related to the topic and to identify considerations for developing these types of clothing.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors searched and identified the key terms wearable robot, muscle-supportive, posture correction and elderly using the text-mining software Textom to extract terms as well as the network analysis software UCINET 6 to process and visualize the relationships among the terms. The authors compared and analyzed the term frequency (TF), the TF-inverse document frequency and the degree centrality of the terms, and the authors visualized and summarized the terms using NetDraw.

Findings
The key terms and their relationships in 3–4 groups were identified: wearable robot, muscle-supportive, posture correction and elderly. The authors identified the aspects of designing muscle-supportive and posture-corrective wearable robots for the elderly.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the field of muscle-supportive clothing and wearable robotics by deriving insights into what people are discussing and interested in, and by offering recommendations when developing these types of clothing for the elderly.
Evolutionary divergence of developmental plasticity and learning of mating tactics in Trinidadian guppies
Authors: Yang Yusan , Axelrod Caleb J. , Grant Elly , Earl Shayna R. , Urquhart Ellen M. , Talbert Katie , Johnson Lauren E. , Walker Zakiya , Hsiao Kyle , Stone Isabel , Carlson Bruce A. , López‐Sepulcre Andrés , Gordon Swanne P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Behavioural plasticity is a major driver in the early stages of adaptation, but its effects in mediating evolution remain elusive because behavioural plasticity itself can evolve.

In this study, we investigated how male Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) adapted to different predation regimes diverged in behavioural plasticity of their mating tactic. We reared F2 juveniles of high‐ or low‐predation population origins with different combinations of social and predator cues and assayed their mating behaviour upon sexual maturity.

High‐predation males learned their mating tactic from conspecific adults as juveniles, while low‐predation males did not. High‐predation males increased courtship when exposed to chemical predator cues during development; low‐predation males decreased courtship in response to immediate chemical predator cues, but only when they were not exposed to such cues during development.

Behavioural changes induced by predator cues were associated with developmental plasticity in brain morphology, but changes acquired through social learning were not.

We thus show that guppy populations diverged in their response to social and ecological cues during development, and correlational evidence suggests that different cues can shape the same behaviour via different neural mechanisms. Our study demonstrates that behavioural plasticity, both environmentally induced and socially learnt, evolves rapidly and shapes adaptation when organisms colonize ecologically divergent habitats.
Simulations in human‐AI crisis management systems
Authors: Karinshak Elise 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGenerative artificial intelligence (AI), applied to power simulation technologies, offers profound opportunities to supplement practitioner workflows in crisis management, conceptualized by Coombs as the prevention, preparation, response, and revision phases. Synthesizing insights from crisis management and computer science, I envision how such tools could aid crisis practitioners in decision‐making and communication, augmenting processes for the identification of organizational risks and the iteration of communication strategies and content. I then discuss opportunities, risks, and critical outstanding questions and ethical considerations given current and foreseeable instantiations of AI in driving simulation tools for crisis management.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor ameliorates senescent changes of renal interstitial pericytes in aging kidney
Authors: Kim Hyung Duk , Kim Eun Nim , Lim Ji Hee , Kim Yaeni , Ban Tae Hyun , Lee Hajeong , Kim Yon Su , Park Cheol Whee , Choi Bum Soon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPericytes are mesenchymal cells that surround endothelial cells, playing a crucial role in angiogenesis and vessel maturation. Additionally, they are associated with interstitial fibrosis as a major contributor to renal myofibroblasts. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline (PTX), can ameliorate aging‐related functional and histological deterioration in the kidney. We subjected aging C57BL/6 mice, dividing into young, aging, and PTX‐treated aging groups. Renal function, albuminuria, and histological changes were assessed. Interstitial pericytes were assessed by immunohistochemistry analysis. We examined changes in pericytes in elderly patients using human kidney tissue obtained from healthy kidney donors for kidney transplantation. In vitro experiments with human pericytes and endothelial cells were performed. Aging mice exhibited declined renal function, increased albuminuria, and aging‐related histological changes including mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Notably, number of pericytes declined in aging kidneys, and myofibroblasts increased. PTX treatment ameliorated albuminuria, histological alterations, and microvascular rarefaction, as well as modulated angiopoietin expression. In vitro experiments showed PTX reduced cellular senescence and inflammation. Human kidney analysis confirmed similar pericyte changes in aging kidneys. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, PTX preserved microvascular density and improved renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation in aging mice kidneys. These protective effects were suggested to be associated with the amelioration of pericytes reduction and the transition to myofibroblasts. Additionally, the upregulation of angiopoietin‐1 expression may exert potential impacts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the changes in renal interstitial pericytes in aging human kidneys.
Does Ficus species fruit mastication and ingestion by Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bats enhance seed germination and seedling emergence?
Authors: Raji Islamiat Abidemi , Downs Colleen Thelma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeed passage through frugivorous bats' gastrointestinal tracts is important in seed dispersal, germination and seedling emergence. We investigated the ingestion and effects of Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bats, Epomophorus wahlbergi, on the germination and seedling emergence of four Ficus species in separate laboratory feeding trials in KwaZulu‐Natal Province, South Africa. We observed seedling emergence and germination rates for all ingested seeds, whole and de‐pulped fruits. Our results showed that ingestion amounts were high and the germination of Ficus seeds was positively influenced by mastication and/or gut passage of E. wahlbergi, underscoring the potential of fruit bats as effective seed dispersers.
Somatic symptom severity, depression and anxiety associations with pancreatitis and undifferentiated abdominal pain in surgical inpatients
Authors: Stieler Melissa , Carter Gregory , Spittal Matthew J. , Campbell Cassidy , Pockney Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSomatic Symptom Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes the experience of physical symptoms and associated distress, that is disproportionate to recognized organic pathology. Somatic symptom severity (SSS) may be associated with some surgical diagnoses; particularly the complex pain associated with pancreatitis, or the diagnostic ambiguity of undifferentiated abdominal pain (UAP). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SSS in different diagnostic groups in surgical inpatients with abdominal pain; and to estimate the magnitude and direction of any association of SSS, anxiety and depression.MethodsCross sectional analysis (n = 465) of adult admissions with non‐traumatic abdominal pain, at a tertiary hospital in Australia. We estimated SSS with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐15 (PHQ‐15), depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and anxiety with the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7), at standard cut‐points ≥ 10; comparing acute pancreatitis (n = 20), chronic pancreatitis (n = 18) and UAP (n = 64) versus other causes of abdominal pain.ResultsSomatic symptoms were common, 52% having moderate and 19.6% severe SSS. There was an association between moderate SSS and pancreatitis (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.05–4.25) and depressive symptoms and chronic pancreatitis (OR = 3.47, 95% CI 1.31–9.24). There was no significant association between the four mental health categories and UAP.ConclusionsSSS and psychological comorbidity were common in a surgical inpatients admitted for abdominal pain and equally represented across most diagnostic sub‐groups. However, the pancreatitis sub‐group had greater proportions with clinically significant SSS and depression, suggesting that they have a higher requirement for psychological assessment and intervention.
Circumferential resection margin positivity due to direct or indirect tumour involvement in rectal cancer – a call for better stratification
Authors: Sadien Iannish D. , Ari Kaso , Fernandes Megan , Paddock Sophie , Sington James , Kapur Sandeep , Hernon James , Stearns Adam T. , Shaikh Irshad A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundA positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) after rectal cancer surgery, which can be the result of direct or indirect tumour involvement, has consistently been associated with increased local recurrence and poorer survival. However, little is known of the differential impact of the mode of tumour involvement on outcomes.Methods1460 consecutive patients undergoing rectal cancer resection between 2003 and 2018 were retrospectively assessed. Histopathology reports for patients with a positive CRM were reviewed to determine cases of direct (R1‐tumour) or indirect tumour involvement (R1‐other). Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The role of the mode of CRM positivity was examined by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsEighty‐five patients had an R1 resection due to CRM involvement (5.8%). Of those, 69 were due to direct tumour involvement, while 16 were from indirect causes. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that R1‐other was associated with increased OS (hazard ratio 0.40, log‐rank P = 0.006) and DFS (P = 0.043). Multivariate regression confirmed that the mode of CRM positivity was an independent predictor of OS. More interestingly, the patterns of recurrence were different between the two groups, with R1‐tumour leading to significantly more local recurrence (P = 0.04).ConclusionsOur data strongly suggests that direct tumour involvement of the CRM confers worse prognosis after rectal cancer surgery. Importantly, differences in the site and frequency of recurrences make a case for better stratification of patients with a positive CRM to guide treatment decisions.
Effects of a self‐affirmation intervention among Chinese adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A large‐scale randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yan Wei , Wang Yuling , Jiang Zhongxin , Peng Kaiping , Cohen Geoffrey 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic, characterized by its highly contagious nature and devastating death toll, posed a dual threat to both physical and psychological well‐being. As a potential intervention to alleviate the psychological impact, values‐affirmation involves individuals engaging in the activity of writing about their core values. While its effectiveness in non‐WEIRD (i.e. Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) populations, notably among Chinese adults, has been confirmed, it remains largely unexplored whether the intervention can promote mental health in Chinese adolescents, especially in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The purpose of this study thus is to provide the first empirical evaluation of this intervention in promoting well‐being and alleviating psychological distress among Chinese adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A total of 2,234 students from 112 secondary schools in China were randomly assigned to an affirmation or control condition. The study found that self‐affirmation intervention improved students' life satisfaction, mental health, and self‐esteem, as well as buffered a decline of their purpose in life; however, no effects were found for clinical measures of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. The results suggest that self‐affirmation interventions, while having limited effects on clinically relevant outcomes, can be an effective approach to boost well‐being in adolescents during a major crisis, including in a more historically collectivist culture. Implications for self‐affirmation theory and cultural psychology, as well as avenues for future research, are discussed.
B‐cell responses to ITP treatments
Authors: Crickx Etienne , Mahévas Matthieu 
Published: December 2023

Deficiency in regulatory B cells has been suggested in immune thrombocytopenia. In this study, Stimpson et al. emphasize the importance of considering the treatments received for immunological analyses.Commentary on: Stimpson et al. Systemic immunosuppression depletes peripheral blood regulatory B cells in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2024;204:644‐648.
Strategies to increase fathers' engagement in child protection investigations due to domestic partner abuse in Sweden
Authors: Grönte Maria , Mattsson Tina , Plantin Lars 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSocial workers often fail to engage fathers in child protection investigations (CPIs), especially when they involve domestic abuse (DA) by fathers. The aim of this study is to examine the strategies used by social workers to achieve cooperation with fathers in CPIs that involve the father being suspected of DA against the child's mother. With the use of qualitative methods, we conducted 31 semi‐structured interviews with 15 social workers during their work on 12 CPI cases. Through thematic analysis, two main strategies for achieving cooperation were created: (1) Securing an Initial Bond, which involved reducing the tension in CPI proceedings and affirming the father; (2) Maintaining the Bond while addressing the father's abusive behaviour, which involved negotiating with fathers about the DA and helping them shift their perspective on how their behaviour has impacted the victims. This analysis is rooted in the framework of shame, guilt and social bonds. However, there is a risk that these strategies may lead to the DA being minimized or overlooked. Striking a balance between building a bond and addressing abuse is crucial, and the timing of addressing DA plays a central role.
Recovery of cirl bunting, Emberiza cirlus, song diversity after translocation
Authors: Collins Sarah A. , Croft Stuart , Jeffs Cath , Brown Sophie , de Kort Selvino R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to improve conservation outcomes translocation or reintroduction of individuals may be necessary. When song learning birds are translocated, changes in the cultural diversity of song repertoires, or abnormal vocalizations, in the new population can be a problem. We monitored song production over 8 years in a reintroduced population of the cirl bunting (Emberiza cirlus). Chicks were removed from nests in Devon, UK, between 2006 and 2011, translocated at 6 days old to be hand‐reared and released in Cornwall, UK. Recordings at the release site in 2011 showed a significantly reduced population repertoire and individuals sang abnormal song types compared to the source populations in Devon. However, recordings in 2019, showed population song repertoire had reached the level of source populations of similar size, and song types were species typical. Our study shows that species can recover from a cultural bottleneck and suggests that, for some song learning birds, if translocation of nestlings is necessary it may not lead to long‐term problems for communication and thus population persistence. For future translocations of nestlings, we recommend that efforts are made to provide tutoring to enable song learning. This may be achieved by providing recordings, but may also include providing adult song tutors. In addition, playback of “normal” songs to translocated populations may aid in development of species typical song repertoires, although care must be taken that this is not disturbing the reintroduced birds.
The role of scoliosis on the comorbidity and demographics of neurofibromatosis type 1 patients: A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample database
Authors: Kodali Nilesh , Kumar Keshav D. , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome in the United States, affecting every 1 in 3000 individuals. NF1 occurs due to non‐functional mutations in the NF1 gene, which expresses neurofibromin, a protein involved in tumour suppression. As a result, NF1 typically presents with non‐cancerous neoplasm masses called neurofibromas across the body. Out of all NF1 abnormalities, the most common skeletal abnormality seen in around 10%–30% of NF1 patients is scoliosis, an improver curvature of the spine. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of scoliosis on demographics and morbidities of NF1 patients. We performed a national analysis to investigate the complex relationship between NF1 and scoliosis on patients' demographics and comorbidities. We conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of the 2017 US National Inpatient Sample database using univariable Chi‐square analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to determine the interplay of NF1 and scoliosis on patients' demographics and comorbidities. Our query resulted in 4635 total NF1 patients, of which 475 (10.25%) had scoliosis and 4160 (89.75%) did not. Demographic analysis showed that NF1 patients with scoliosis were typically younger, female and white compared to NF1 patients without scoliosis. Comorbidity analysis showed that NF1 patients with scoliosis were more likely to develop malignant brain neoplasms, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, pigmentation disorders, hypothyroidism, diabetes with chronic complications and coagulopathy disorders. NF1 patients with scoliosis were less likely to develop congestive heart failure, pulmonary circulation disease, peripheral vascular disease, paralysis, chronic pulmonary disease, lymphoma and psychosis. NF1 patients with scoliosis were predominantly younger, female, white patients. The presence of scoliosis in NF1 patients increases the risks for certain brain neoplasms and disorders but serves a protective effect against some pulmonary and cardiac complications.
Preference, avoidance, motivation and their importance to fish welfare
Authors: Maia Caroline Marques , Saraiva João Luis , Gonçalves‐de‐Freitas Eliane 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have reported the neurophysiological and behavioural mechanisms that enable fish to experience several types of affective states, such as fear, pain and joy. This is crucial for the welfare feelings‐based approach, as conditions that bring positive or negative valence to fish influence their affective state. A method to understand to what extent fish ‘like’ or ‘dislike’ their surrounding features is by evaluating their consistent choices (preferences) and propensity to reach environmental resources or traits (motivation). In this review, we propose how to assess preference and motivation tests in fish and discuss the limitations and potential biases that may affect such tests. Furthermore, we emphasize that understanding the avoidance responses of fish under a welfare context is a complementary method to improve the quality of life of fish in any type of rearing environment. Although there are other reviews about animal preference and motivation, this is the first one exclusively dedicated to the application of fish welfare.
Predictors for different types of surgical site infection in patients with gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Lingjuan , Jiang Zihui , Wang Weiping , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVarious factors contribute to different types of surgical site infections (SSI) in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery, and the risk factors remain uncertain. This meta‐analysis aims to clarify the relationship between various factors and SSI, resolving existing controversies. Thirty‐four eligible articles with 66 066 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Significant risk factors for SSI included age ≥65 years, male gender, BMI ≥25 kg/m2, diabetes, hypertension, advanced TNM stage ≥III, pathologic T stage ≥T3, pathologic N stage ≥N1, ASA ≥3, open surgery, blood transfusion, extensive resection, combined resection, splenectomy, D2 or more lymph node dissection, and operative time ≥240 min. Operative time showed a nonlinear relationship with SSI risk. Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in the effects of risk factors among different infection types. These findings inform the development of targeted preventive measures to reduce SSI rates.
Localisation of the centre of the highest region of muscle spindle abundance of anterior forearm muscles
Authors: Zhou Jiayu , Jia Fangfang , Chen Peng , Zhou Guoyan , Wang Meng , Wu Junxi , Yang Shengbo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe centre of the highest region of muscle spindle abundance (CHRMSA) in the intramuscular nerve‐dense region has been suggested as the optimal target location for injecting botulinum toxin A to block muscle spasms. The anterior forearm muscles have a high incidence of spasticity. However, the CHRMSA in the intramuscular nerve‐dense region of the forearm anterior muscle group has not been defined. This study aimed to accurately define the body surface position and the depth of CHRMSA in an intramuscular nerve‐dense region of the anterior forearm muscles. Twenty‐four adult cadavers (57.7 ± 11.5 years) were included in this study. The curved line close to the skin connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus was designated as the horizontal reference line (H line), and the line connecting the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the ulnar styloid was defined as the longitudinal reference line (L line). Modified Sihler's staining, haematoxylin–eosin staining and computed tomography scanning were employed to determine the projection points (P and P′) of the CHRMSAs on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the forearm. The positions (PH and PL) of point P projected onto the H and L lines, and the depth of each CHRMSA, were determined using the Syngo system. The PH of the CHRMSA of the ulnar head of pronator teres, humeral head of pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar part of flexor digitorum superficialis, radial part of flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, ulnar part of flexor digitorum profundus, radial portion of flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus muscles were located at 42.48%, 45.52%, 41.20%, 19.70%, 7.77%, 25.65%, 47.42%, 53.47%, 12.28%, 38.41% and 51.68% of the H line, respectively; the PL were located at 18.38%, 12.54%, 28.83%, 13.43%, 17.65%, 32.76%, 57.32%, 64.12%, 20.05%, 45.94% and 88.71% of the L line, respectively; the puncture depths were located at 21.92%, 27.25%, 23.76%, 18.04%, 15.49%, 31.36%, 26.59%, 41.28%, 38.72%, 45.14% and 53.58% of the PP' line, respectively. The percentage values are the means of individual values. We recommend that the body surface puncture position and depth of the CHRMSA are the preferred locations for the intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A to block anterior forearm muscle spasms.