bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and other (meth)acrylates in nail cosmetics, and compliance with EU legislation: An online market survey
Authors: Steunebrink Iemke M. , de Groot Anton , Rustemeyer Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the last 15–20 years, allergic contact dermatitis from acrylates‐containing nail cosmetics (acrylic nails, gel nails, gel nail polish) has been increasingly reported. 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is considered to be the major allergenic culprit; few data on its presence in nail cosmetics are available.ObjectivesTo investigate (1) the frequency in which HEMA and di‐HEMA trimethylhexyl dicarbamate are present in nail cosmetics; (2) whether nail cosmetics comply with EU regulations; (3) which other (meth)acrylates are present in nail cosmetics and how often.MethodsOne‐line market survey.ResultsHEMA was present in nearly 60% of 394 cosmetic nail products and di‐HEMA trimethylhexyl dicarbamate in 34%. Mandatory warnings on the packages of products containing HEMA were absent in 35% (‘For professional use only’) resp. 55% (‘Can cause an allergic reaction’). Forty‐five other (meth)acrylates were identified, of which the most frequent were hydroxypropyl methacrylate (25%), isobornyl methacrylate (16%) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (12%). Some ingredient lists mentioned non‐INCI names or non‐specific names.ConclusionsHEMA was by far the most common ingredient of nail cosmetics, being present in nearly 60% of the products. Violations of EU legislation occurred in >30% (mandatory warnings missing) resp. 10% (mislabelling) of nail cosmetics.
“Shape bias” goes social: Children categorize people by weight rather than race
Authors: Peretz‐Lange Rebecca , Kibbe Melissa M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChildren tend to categorize novel objects according to their shape rather than their color, texture, or other salient properties—known as “shape bias.” We investigated whether this bias also extends to the social domain, where it should lead children to categorize people according to their weight (their body shape) rather than their race (their skin color). In Study 1, participants (n = 50 US 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds) were asked to extend a novel label from a target object/person to either an object/person who shared the target's shape/weight, color/race, or neither. Children selected the shape‐/weight‐matched individual over the color‐/race‐matched individual (dobjects = 1.58, dpeople = 0.99) and their shape biases were correlated across the two domains. In Study 2, participants (n = 20 US 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds) were asked to extend a novel internal property from a target person to either a person who shared the target's weight, race, or neither. Again, children selected the weight‐matched individual (d = 1.98), suggesting they view an individual's weight as more predictive of their internal properties than their race. Overall, results suggest that children's early shape bias extends into the social domain. Implications for weight bias and early social cognition are discussed.Research Highlights
Preschoolers extend novel labels based on people's weight rather than their race.
Preschoolers infer internal features based on people's weight rather than their race.
Shape biases are present, and correlated, across the social and object domains.
Pancreatic islet cell plasticity: Pathogenic or therapeutically exploitable?
Authors: Tanday Neil , Tarasov Andrei I. , Moffett R. Charlotte , Flatt Peter R. , Irwin Nigel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of pancreatic islet endocrine cells is a tightly regulated process leading to the generation of distinct cell types harbouring different hormones in response to small changes in environmental stimuli. Cell differentiation is driven by transcription factors that are also critical for the maintenance of the mature islet cell phenotype. Alteration of the insulin‐secreting β‐cell transcription factor set by prolonged metabolic stress, associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity or pregnancy, results in the loss of β‐cell identity through de‐ or transdifferentiation. Importantly, the glucose‐lowering effects of approved and experimental antidiabetic agents, including glucagon‐like peptide‐1 mimetics, novel peptides and small molecules, have been associated with preventing or reversing β‐cell dedifferentiation or promoting the transdifferentiation of non‐β‐cells towards an insulin‐positive β‐cell‐like phenotype. Therefore, we review the manifestations of islet cell plasticity in various experimental settings and discuss the physiological and therapeutic sides of this phenomenon, focusing on strategies for preventing β‐cell loss or generating new β‐cells in diabetes. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning islet cell plasticity is a prerequisite for more targeted therapies to help prevent β‐cell decline in diabetes.
Liraglutide modulates morpho‐functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal responses in rats
Authors: Gusmão‐Nascimento Jhony Willams , Nunes Cruz Daniela Maione , Almeida Gama Loyane , Luz Alves Wellington David , Machado Mariana Pirani Rocha , Corá Luciana Aparecida , Américo Madileine Francely 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity impairs homeostatic control of energy and is associated with chronic low‐grade inflammation. Effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1, the target in the gastrointestinal tract for anti‐obesity drugs such as Liraglutide, were not properly associated with inflammation markers. This study investigated the effects of Liraglutide on metabolic and gastrointestinal parameters in a rat model of obesity.MethodsTwenty‐six Wistar rats with obesity were randomly distributed to receive saline (n = 10), 400 μg (n = 8), or 1200 μg of Liraglutide/kg/day (n = 8), subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days, once a day. Weight gain, feeding efficiency, caloric consumption, gastric motility, adiposity, histomorphometric, murinometric, biochemical parameters and cytokines TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 in duodenal tissue were measured. Data were analysed by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc or Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test.ResultsLiraglutide‐treated animals had better feeding efficiency and higher caloric intake in a dose‐dependent manner. Higher doses slowed gastric emptying and diminished the amplitude of gastric contractions. These effects were accompanied by decreases in intestinal muscle layer thickness and crypt depth. Liraglutide significantly reduced retroperitoneal and visceral white adipose tissue depots. High‐dose treatment decreased levels of TNF‐α and enhanced levels of TGF‐β1 in duodenal tissue. Liraglutide treatment provided significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglyceride and hepatic transaminases.ConclusionsLiraglutide reduced fat accumulation, improved metabolic parameters and downregulated levels of inflammatory signalling in duodenal tissue. Liraglutide at high doses controlled obesity‐related outcomes, and such effects seemed to be driven by its action on glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract slowing gastric motility.
Granuloma, vasculitis, and demyelination in sarcoid neuropathy
Authors: Mouri Naohiro , Koike Haruki , Fukami Yuki , Takahashi Mie , Yagi Satoru , Furukawa Soma , Suzuki Masashi , Kishimoto Yoshiyuki , Murate Kenichiro , Nukui Takamasa , Yoshida Tamaki , Kudo Yosuke , Tada Mikiko , Higashiyama Yuichi , Watanabe Hirohisa , Nakatsuji Yuji , Tanaka Fumiaki , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the suggestion that direct compression by granuloma and ischemia resulting from vasculitis can cause nerve fiber damage, the mechanisms underlying sarcoid neuropathy have not yet been fully clarified.MethodsWe examined the clinicopathological features of sarcoid neuropathy by focusing on electrophysiological and histopathological findings of sural nerve biopsy specimens. We included 18 patients with sarcoid neuropathy who had non‐caseating epithelioid cell granuloma in their sural nerve biopsy specimens.ResultsAlthough electrophysiological findings suggestive of axonal neuropathy were observed, particularly in the lower limbs, all but three patients showed ≥1 abnormalities in nerve conduction velocity or distal motor latency. Additionally, a conduction block was observed in 11 of the 16 patients for whom waveforms were assessed; five of them fulfilled motor nerve conduction criteria strongly supportive of demyelination as defined in the European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) guideline for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). In most patients, sural nerve biopsy specimens revealed a mild to moderate degree of myelinated fiber loss. Fibrinoid necrosis was observed in one patient, and electron microscopy analysis revealed demyelinated axons close to granulomas in six patients.ConclusionsPatients with sarcoid neuropathy may meet the EAN/PNS electrophysiological criteria for CIDP due to the frequent presence of conduction blocks. Based on our results, in addition to the ischemic damage resulting from granulomatous inflammation, demyelination may play an important role in the mechanism underlying sarcoid neuropathy.
Critical incidents, nocturnal supervision, and caregiver knowledge on SUDEP in patients with Dravet syndrome: A prospective multicenter study in Germany
Authors: Maltseva Margarita , Rosenow Felix , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Flege Silke , Wolff Markus , von Spiczak Sarah , Trollmann Regina , Syrbe Steffen , Ruf Susanne , Polster Tilman , Neubauer Bernd A. , Mayer Thomas , Jacobs Julia , Kurlemann Gerhard , Kluger Gerhard , Klotz Kerstin A. , Kieslich Matthias , Kay Lara , Hornemann Frauke , Bettendorf Ulrich , Bertsche Astrid , Bast Thomas , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the monitoring, interventions, and occurrence of critical, potentially life‐threatening incidents in patients with Dravet syndrome (DS) and caregivers’ knowledge about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).MethodsThis multicenter, cross‐sectional study of patients with DS and their caregivers in Germany consisted of a questionnaire and prospective diary querying the disease characteristics and demographic data of patients and caregivers.ResultsOur analysis included 108 questionnaires and 82 diaries. Patients with DS were 49.1% male (n = 53), with a mean age of 13.5 (SD ± 10.0 years) and primary caregivers were 92.6% (n = 100) female, with a mean age of 44.7 (SD ± 10.6 years). Monitoring devices were used regularly by 75.9% (n = 82) of caregivers, and most monitored daily/nightly. Frequently used devices were pulse oximeters (64.6%), baby monitors (64.6%), thermometers (24.1%), and Epi‐Care (26.8%). Younger caregiver and patient age and history of status epilepticus were associated with increased use of monitoring, and 81% of monitor users reported having avoided a critical incident with nocturnal monitoring. The need for resuscitation due to cardiac or respiratory arrest was reported by 22 caregivers (20.4%), and most cases (72.7%) were associated with a seizure. Caregivers reported frequently performing interventions at night, including oropharyngeal suction, oxygenation, personal hygiene, and change of body position. Most caregivers were well informed about SUDEP (n = 102; 94%) and monitored for a lateral or supine body position; however, only 39.8% reported receiving resuscitation training, whereas 52.8% (n = 57) knew what to do in case the child's breathing or heart activity failed.SignificanceCritical incidents and the need for resuscitation are reported frequently by caregivers and may be related to high mortality and SUDEP rates in DS. Resuscitation training is welcomed by caregivers and should be continuously provided. Oxygen monitoring devices are frequently used and considered useful by caregivers.
An Automatic‐Vertical Profile Monitoring System for Fresh–Saline Water Zones in Coastal Aquifer
Authors: Jeon Woo‐Hyun , Moon Hee Sun , Choi Jungwon , Jung Byeongju , Kim Yongcheol , Hwang Seho , Lee Soo‐Hyoung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoastal aquifers are complex systems governed by fresh–saline water interactions and ocean tidal effects. The vertical electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature (T) are general indicators for detecting the fresh–saline water interface (FSI) and sea water intrusion in groundwater wells located in coastal aquifers. In this method brief, we developed a cost‐effective Arduino‐based automatic‐vertical profile monitoring system (A‐VPMS) to continuously record vertical EC and T in groundwater wells, with the aim of testing its effectiveness in spatiotemporal monitoring of the FSI in a coastal aquifer located in eastern Korea. By analyzing the high‐density EC and T data obtained by the A‐VPMS, we evaluated the characteristics of the FSI, such as depth and spatial distribution. Our established EC and T data collection method using the A‐VPMS proved to be efficient and reliable, providing an excellent tool for fine‐scale temporal and spatial understanding of sea water intrusion. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the A‐VPMS for continuous monitoring of the FSI in coastal aquifers, which is crucial for sustainable management of groundwater resources.
An efficient method for optimizing nested open pits with operational bottom space
Authors: Morales Nelson , Nelis Gonzalo , Amaya Jorge 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDetermining a set of nested pits to support the design of an open pit mine that leads to high economic value is crucial for the strategic planning of these operations; thus, practitioners rely on optimization methods for finding high‐value solutions. However, current approaches are not sufficient as they lack at least one of the following features: fast computations of optimal solutions, good geometric properties, and nestedness of the pits. In this work, we propose an optimization model to address the problem of determining multiple nested pits by introducing a cost‐based penalty for not meeting precedence constraints linked to a minimum bottom width. Using penalties instead of constraints is novel and turns out to have several advantages. First, the constraint matrix is totally unimodular; thus, the problem can be solved efficiently. Second, the model can be parameterized to generate nested pits. Therefore, our model is the first published model that is efficient, can be solved to optimality, preserves the nestedness of the solutions, and produces geometries more amenable for mine design, without the need for heuristics. Finally, we devise an iterative method that profits from the nestedness of the solutions to speed up the resolution and test the model in three different data sets, with different geometrical and cost parameters for a total of 135 different instances. The results show that the geometry of the bottom pits is indeed improved and that we can solve the problems up to optimality up to 80% faster than an off‐the‐shelf solver.
Cu:TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball mill with enhanced sonophotocatalytic performance with visible light
Authors: Ayremlou Hamidreza , Darbandi Masih , Shaabani Behrouz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this research, pure and Cu(II)‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a simple and nontoxic approach to fabricate a nanocatalyst for the oxidative sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol. TiO2 NPs were prepared using a solvothermal method and doped with Cu(II) by high‐energy planetary ball mill. The as‐synthesized NPs were identified and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The doped NPs were used for the first time in pollutant decomposition using phenol as a model pollutant in low‐energy and low‐frequency ultrasound at room temperature and pH = 7 in the presence of visible light. The progress of the pollutant degradation was followed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. After about 60 min of sonophotocatalytic process (dual irradiation [visible light + ultrasound] in the presence of doped NPs), around 75% of the phenol degraded, with a rate constant of about 0.024 min−1. The sonophotocatalytic process was compared with photocatalysis and sonocatalysis processes conducted in the same conditions. Importantly, the combination of visible light and ultrasound irradiation in a sonophotocatalytic decomposition reaction represented about 58% of the synergy effect, demonstrating a positive synergy between the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes. The optimum condition was used to degrade the commercial sample (amoxicillin) with excellent performance. The reusability test represented the excellent stability of doped catalysts within four consecutive runs with less fading in their sonophotocatalytic reaction. This feature proves the reusability potential of the doped catalyst to be used in the commercial and industrial directions. The performance of the doped catalyst was affected severely by the addition of different scavengers, and based on the results, the sonophotocatalytic mechanism was discussed.
Effect of intranasal and oral administration of levetiracetam on the temporal and spatial distributions of SV2A in the KA‐induced rat model of SE
Authors: Zhao Weixuan , Li Yue , Sun Huaiyu , Zhang Wuqiong , Li Jiaai , Jiang Ting , Jiang Li , Meng Hongmei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effectiveness of nasal delivery of levetiracetam (LEV) on the distributions of synaptic vesicle protein 2 isoform A (SV2A) in epileptic rats with injection of kainic acid (KA) into amygdala. A total of 138 rats were randomly divided into four groups, including the Sham surgery group, the epilepsy group (EP), and the LEV oral administration (LPO) and nasal delivery (LND) groups. The rat intra‐amygdala KA model of epilepsy was constructed. Pathological changes of rat brain tissue after status epilepticus (SE) were detected using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of SV2A in rat hippocampus after SE was evaluated using the western blotting analysis. Expression and distribution of SV2A in rat hippocampus after SE were detected based on immunofluorescence staining. The EP group showed evident cell loss and tissue necrosis in the CA3 area of hippocampus, whereas the tissue damage in both LPO and LND groups was significantly reduced. Western blotting analysis showed that the expressions of SV2A in the hippocampus of both EP and LND groups were significantly decreased 1 week after SE, increased to the similar levels of the Sham group in 2 weeks, and continuously increased 4 weeks after SE to the level significantly higher than that of the Sham group. Results of immunofluorescence revealed largely the same expression patterns of SV2A in the CA3 area of hippocampus as those in the entire hippocampus. Our study revealed the same antiepileptic and neuronal protective effects by the nasal and oral administrations of LEV, without changing the expression level of SV2A.
Automation of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter measurement using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Hirzallah Mohammad I. , Bose Supratik , Hu Jingtong , Maltz Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeUltrasonographic optic nerve sheath (ONS) diameter is a noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP) surrogate. ICP is monitored invasively in specialized intensive care units. Noninvasive ICP monitoring is important in less specialized settings. However, noninvasive ICP monitoring using ONS diameter (ONSD) is limited by the need for experts to obtain and perform measurements. We aim to automate ONSD measurements using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with a novel masking technique.MethodsWe trained a CNN to reproduce masks that mark the ONS. The edges of the mask are defined by an expert. Eight models were trained with 1000 epochs per model. The Dice‐similarity‐coefficient‐weighted averaged outputs of the eight models yielded the final predicted mask. Eight hundred and seventy‐three images were obtained from 52 transorbital cine‐ultrasonography sessions, performed on 46 patients with brain injuries. Eight hundred and fourteen images from 48 scanning sessions were used for training and validation and 59 images from four sessions for testing. Bland‐Altman and Pearson linear correlation analyses were used to evaluate the agreement between CNN and expert measurements.ResultsExpert ONSD measurements and CNN‐derived ONSD estimates had strong agreement (r = 0.7, p < .0001). The expert mean ONSD (standard deviation) is 5.27 mm (0.43) compared to CNN mean estimate of 5.46 mm (0.37). Mean difference (95% confidence interval, p value) is 0.19 mm (0.10‐0.27 mm, p = .0011), and root mean square error is 0.27 mm.ConclusionA CNN can learn ONSD measurement using masking without image segmentation or landmark detection.
Morgan's Quaker gun and the species of belief
Authors: Curry Devin Sanchez 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, I explore how researchers’ metaphysical commitments can be conducive—or unconducive—to progress in animal cognition research. The methodological dictum known as Morgan's Canon exhorts comparative psychologists to countenance the least mentalistic fair interpretation of animal actions. This exhortation has frequently been misread as a blanket condemnation of mentalistic interpretations of animal behaviors that could be interpreted behavioristically. But Morgan meant to demand only that researchers refrain from accepting default interpretations of (apparent) actions until other fair interpretations have been duly considered. The Canon backfired largely because of Morgan's background metaphysical commitment to a univocal, hierarchical, and anthropocentric account of cognitive architecture. I make the case that, going forward, comparative psychologists would do well to pair judicious use of Morgan's Canon with an openness to the existence of non‐humanlike animal minds comprising phenomena belonging to distinct cognitive and folk psychological ontologies. And I argue that this case gives us pragmatic reason to reconcile deep—e.g., psychofunctionalist—and superficial—e.g., dispositionalist—approaches to the metaphysics of belief.
Diagnostics of Concrete Box Beam Bridges Using Wireless Sensors and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Rizzo Piervincenzo , Enshaeian Alireza , Ghahremani Behzad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Three pretensioned adjacent concrete box beam bridges were studied with a structural health monitoring (SHM) paradigm based on strain measurements and finite element static analyses. An accurate model for one bridge and an approximate model for the other two were created using ansys software. The analyses were used to calculate the strains generated by six concentrated loads that mimic the presence of a truck. Pristine and damage scenarios were implemented, and the associated numerical strains were compared to the experimental strains measured with proprietary wireless sensors during a truck test. As the results from the approximate models deviated significantly from the field response of the bridge, the accurate model applied to one bridge was extended to the other two. The comparison between numerical and experimental results revealed the presence of noncritical anomalies related to strain distribution across adjacent beams. Such issues were confirmed with the examination of the historical strains streamed for several months to a repository, using simple data processing strategies. The intellectual contribution of the work resides in the combination of finite element analysis and SHM applied to three existing bridges with very similar structural characteristics. This combination revealed the presence of noncritical issues impossible to be diagnosed with conventional inspection.