bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Campylobacter rectus Mediates Growth Restriction in Pregnant Mice
Authors: Yeo Alvin , Smith Mary Alice , Lin Dongming , Riché Estelle L. , Moore Adam , Elter John , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: April 2005

Background: Recent studies have suggested that subclinical infection may be an important cause of low birth weight. Campylobacters are important human pathogens, causing septicemia and occasionally abortion, premature labor, or severe perinatal infection. The potential role of oral species of Campylobacter in mediating adverse pregnancy outcomes in animal models has not yet been determined. Our objective was to determine the effects of Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) infection on pregnancy outcomes in a mouse model.Methods: On embryonic day (E) 7.5, pregnant mice received a subcutaneous, intra‐chamber challenge with live C. rectus at concentrations of 0, 107 or 109 colony forming units (CFU)/ml. They were sacrificed on E 16.5 and fetuses were evaluated for stage of development, weight, and crown‐rump length.Results: Dams receiving C. rectus had more fetal resorptions after challenge with 107 or 109 CFU/ml (24.1% and 30.1%, respectively) than controls (9%). Higher numbers of growth‐restricted fetuses were also observed in the C. rectus challenged groups (21%) as compared to controls (2.3%). Fetuses from dams challenged with 109 CFU/ml weighed less (0.49 ± 0.05 g) and had shorter crown‐rump lengths (14.69 ± 0.56 mm) than controls (0.53 ± 0.04 g; 15.54 ± 0.63 mm). C. rectus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the placentas from both treated groups and in maternal liver tissues from the 109 CFU/ml challenged group.Conclusions: Remote subcutaneous maternal C. rectus infection increases fetal resorptions and fetal growth restriction in a mouse model. The effects of an oral C. rectus infection on pregnancy remain to be determined. J Periodontol 2005;76:551‐557.
The Baltimore Youth Ammunition Initiative: A Model Application of Local Public Health Authority in Preventing Gun Violence
Authors: Lewin Nancy L. , Vernick Jon S. , Beilenson Peter L. , Mair Julie S. , Lindamood Melisa M. , Teret Stephen P. , Webster Daniel W. 
Published: April 2005

In 2002, the Baltimore City Health Department, in collaboration with the Baltimore Police Department and the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research, launched the Youth Ammunition Initiative. The initiative addressed Baltimore’s problem of youth gun violence by targeting illegal firearm ammunition sales to the city’s young people. The initiative included undercover “sting” investigations of local businesses and issuance of health department violation and abatement notices. Intermediate results included the passage of 2 Baltimore city council ordinances regulating ammunition sales and reducing the number of outlets eligible to sell ammunition. Although it is too early to assess effects on violent crime, the intervention could theoretically reduce youth violence by interrupting one source of ammunition to youths. More important, the initiative can serve as a policy model for health commissioners seeking to become more active in gun violence prevention efforts.
Can We Capitalize on the Virtues of Vaccines? Insights from the Polio Eradication Initiative
Authors: Aylward R. Bruce , Heymann David L. 
Published: April 2005

Twenty-five years after the eradication of smallpox, the ongoing effort to eradicate poliomyelitis has grown into the largest international health initiative ever undertaken. By 2004, however, the polio eradication effort was threatened by a challenge regularly faced by public health policymakers everywhere—misperception about the benefits and risks of vaccines. The propagation of false rumors about oral poliovirus vaccine safety led to the reinfection of 13 previously polio-free countries and the largest polio epidemic in Africa in recent years. With deft management of such challenges by local, national, and international health authorities, poliomyelitis, a disease that threatened children everywhere just 2 generations ago, could soon be relegated to history like smallpox before it.
Hydrodynamics of the mixing head in RIM: LDA flow‐field characterization
Authors: Teixeira André M. , Santos Ricardo J. , Costa Mário Rui P. F. N. , Lopes José Carlos B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe flow field in a reaction injection molding (RIM) machine mixing head was characterized using the laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) technique. This study covered the range of Reynolds numbers from 50 to 600, normally used in industry for the RIM process. The three time‐averaged spatial distributions of velocity components, inside the mixing head, were obtained: the two horizontal components directly from LDA measurements and the third component through numerical integration. Flow‐field distributions were also computed, including probability density functions of the velocity, turbulence intensity, and Reynolds stresses. The present study provides new insights into the mixing mechanisms involved in RIM machines and more generally in opposed‐jet mixers. In particular, new features were found: the dominant role of interactions of the opposed jets as the main mixing mechanism; and that the flow‐field dynamics evolve with Re at constant Strouhal number within the typical range, 150 ≤ Re ≤ 600, of operation of RIM machines. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Rheological properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) in capillary flow
Authors: Chen Kequan , Shen Jie , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe shear viscosity, extensional viscosity, and die swell of the PTT melt were investigated using a capillary rheometer. The results showed that the PTT melt was a typical pseudoplastic fluid exhibiting shear thinning and extensional thinning phenomena in capillary flow. There existed no melt fracture phenomenon in the PTT melt through a capillary die even though the shear rate was 20,000 s−1. Increasing the shear rate would decrease the flow activation energy and decline the sensitivity of the shear viscosity to the melt temperature. The molecular weight had a significant influence on the flow curve. The flow behavior of the PTT melt approached that of Newtonian fluid even though the weight‐molecular weight was below 43,000 s−1 at 260°C. The extensional viscosity decreased with the increase of the extensional stress, which became more obvious with increasing the molecular weight. The sensitiveness of the extensional viscosity to the melt temperature decreased promptly along with increasing the extensional strain rate. The die swell ratio and end effect would increase along with increasing the shear rate and with decreasing the temperature, which represented that the increase of the shear rate and the decrease of temperature would increase the extruding elasticity of the PTT melt in the capillary die. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 705–709, 2005
Controlled synthesis of high‐ortho‐substitution phenol–formaldehyde resins
Authors: Huang Jianying , Xu Miaoqing , Ge Qiang , Lin Minghua , Lin Qiang , Chen Yihong , Chu Jiayan , Dai Lizong , Zou Yousi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe relationship between the use of 19 kinds of metal catalysts and the proportion of ortho–ortho links of novolac resins was studied. The proportion of ortho–ortho links of novolac resins was characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR. The effects of different catalysts and different reaction conditions, such as the molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde, the pH value of the reaction, and the reaction time, were examined. Phenol–formaldehyde resins were synthesized with a certain proportion of the ortho position through the adjustment of the reaction conditions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 652–658, 2005
Rheological behavior of polyamide 11 with varying initial moisture content
Authors: Acierno Stefano , Van Puyvelde Peter 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe rheological behavior of polyamide 11 samples with different initial moisture levels is investigated. More specifically, the time evolution of the linear viscoelastic properties is monitored at a given frequency. The time dependence of these properties is exponential in time, reflecting postcondensation reactions in the samples. The crossover time, at which the storage modulus and loss modulus intersect, can be used as a characteristic timescale for the reaction. This crossover time and the corresponding complex viscosity can be used as fingerprints of the material, reflecting the moisture content in the material. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 666–670, 2005
Composite polymer particles with a gradated resin composition by suspension polymerization
Authors: Sawatari Norio , Fukuda Makoto , Taguchi Yoshinari , Tanaka Masato 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe have conducted a study of composite polymer particles with a gradated resin composition by suspension polymerization, in which the resin composition gradually changes from the surface to the center of the particles. The binder resin of the polymer particles consists primarily of styrene, butyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid (MAA). Fourier transform infrared/photoacoustic spectroscopy analysis of the polymer particles by suspension polymerization has proved that MAA, having a higher polarity, concentrates near the surface of the particles, and this results in a formation similar to a core–shell structure. These composite polymer particles are excellent in blocking resistivity because the resin, containing a higher concentration of MAA, has a high glass‐transition temperature. Composite polymer particles with a gradated MAA concentration could be used for toner applications in low‐power hot‐roll fusing electrophotography systems because the melting property of the core resin is controlled and allows fusing at lower temperatures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 682–690, 2005
Synthesis and chelating properties of some poly(amidoxime‐hydroxamic acid) resins toward some trivalent lanthanide metal ions
Authors: Alakhras Fadi A. , Dari Kamal Abu , Mubarak Mohammad S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe chelation properties of the addition‐type polymers poly(amidoxime‐hydroxamic acid) and poly(N‐methyl amidoxime‐N‐methyl hydroxamic acid) toward some trivalent lanthanide metal ions [La(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), and Tb(III)] were studied by a batch equilibration technique as a function of contact time, pH, and counterion. The effect of the crosslinker, divinylbenzene, was also studied. The selectivity and binding capacity of the resins toward various lanthanide metal ions are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 691–696, 2005
Capillary electrophoretic determination of triamterene, methotrexate, and creatinine in human urine
Authors: Rodríguez Flores Juana , Berzas Nevado Juan J. , Durán Merás Isabel , Rodríguez Gómez Maria J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method using a fused‐silica capillary (60.2 cm×75 μm ID) was investigated for the determination of triamterene (TRI), methotrexate (MTX), and creatinine (CREA) in human urine. The separation was performed using a hydrodynamic injection time of 7 s (0.5 psi), a voltage of 25 kV, a capillary temperature of 30°C, and 40 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 2.25 by addition of triethanolamine as separation electrolyte. Under these conditions, analysis takes about 15 min. A linear response over the 0.5–15.0 mg L–1 concentration range was found for TRI and MTX, and 0.5–80.0 mg L–1 for CREA. Dilution of the sample (water:urine, 1 : 1 for TRI and MTX, and 1:25 for CREA determination) was the only step necessary prior to analysis by electrophoresis. The developed method is easy, rapid, and sensitive and has been applied to determine triamterene, methotrexate, and creatinine in urine samples with satisfactory results.
Fingerprint chromatogram analysis of extracts from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Ke , Wang Shudong 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the study of fingerprint chromatograms of extracts from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF) and for controlling the quality of the herb. HPLC separation of the extracts was performed on a Lichrospher RP‐18 column and detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 210 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 35°C. A mobile phase composed of acetonitrile:H2O in the ratio of 39 : 61 (v/v) was found to be most suitable for this separation at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with isocratic elution. Under the chromatographic conditions described, the peak profile of the 10 components collected within 35 min made up the fingerprint of the extracts from leaves of TWHF with universal features. The fingerprint chromatograms had a good stability, precision, and reproducibility. The similarity of the extracts from leaves of TWHF collected in summer and winter was studied with triptolide as a reference peak. The method is suitable for differentiation of extracts from the leaves of TWHF, and can be used as a quality control method for this herb.
Addiction in Parkinson's disease: Impact of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation
Authors: Witjas Tatiana , Baunez Christelle , Henry Jean Marc , Delfini Marie , Regis Jean , Cherif André Ali , Peragut Jean Claude , Azulay Jean Philippe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease, dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is characterized by severe dopamine addiction and behavioral disorders such as manic psychosis, hypersexuality, pathological gambling, and mood swings. Here, we describe the case of 2 young parkinsonian patients suffering from disabling motor fluctuations and dyskinesia associated with severe DDS. In addition to alleviating the motor disability in both patients, subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation greatly reduced the behavioral disorders as well as completely abolished the addiction to dopaminergic treatment. Dopaminergic addiction in patients with Parkinson's disease, therefore, does not constitute an obstacle to high‐frequency STN stimulation, and this treatment may even cure the addiction. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Localization of transient receptor potential ion channels in primary and motile cilia of the female murine reproductive organs
Authors: Teilmann Stefan C. , Byskov Anne Grete , Pedersen Per A. , Wheatley Denys N. , Pazour Gregory J. , Christensen Søren T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe have examined the subcellular localization of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels and the potential sensory role of cilia in murine female reproductive organs using confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis on ovary and oviduct tissue sections as well as on primary cultures of follicular granulosa cells. We show that the Ca2+ permeable cation channel, polycystin‐2, as well as polycystin‐1, a receptor that forms a functional protein complex with polycystin 2, distinctively localize to primary cilia emerging from granulosa cells of antral follicles in vivo and in vitro. Both polycystins are localized to motile oviduct cilia and this localization is greatly increased upon ovulatory gonadotropic stimulation. Further, the Ca2+ permeable cation channel, TRP vaniloid 4 (TRPV4), localizes to a sub‐population of motile cilia on the epithelial cells of the ampulla and isthmus with high intensity in proximal invaginations of the epithelial folds. These observations are the first to demonstrate ciliary localization of TRP ion channels and their possible receptor function in the female reproductive organs. We suggest that polycystins 1 and 2 play an important role in granulosa cell differentiation and in development and maturation of ovarian follicles. In the oviduct both TRPV4 and polycystins could be important in relaying physiochemical changes in the oviduct upon ovulation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What some recent research tells us about planned giving (legacy marketing) in North America
Authors: Richardson Donna , Chapman Gwen 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

The transformation of fundraising from an ‘emerging profession’ to a ‘true profession’ is contingent on the continual development of a formal body of knowledge based on theory and research. To further that goal, this paper, written from a Canadian perspective, reviews current and recent research studies in both Canada and the USA, focusing specifically on the areas of legacy marketing and bequest gifts.

The aim of this paper is two‐fold: first, to bring forward ‘established knowledge’ in this relatively new and burgeoning area of fundraising; and second, to draw attention to areas where there is a knowledge gap, thereby laying the groundwork for further research and progress in this area.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The final gift: targeting the potential charity legator
Authors: Sargeant Adrian , Hilton T. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Although legacy income is of enormous importance to many of the UK's fundraising charities, little reliable information exists to assist practitioners in targeting potential legators with appropriate messages. In particular, the motives for making a legacy gift and the differences between those doing so and the general supporter base are unknown. This makes segmentation and the subsequent development of strategy problematic.

This exploratory study seeks to address these issues and compare the motives of individuals who support charities during their lifetime with the motives of individuals who, in addition, pledge a legacy. The authors conclude that fundraisers looking to increase legacy income should target their older supporters, particularly those in their mid to late 60s', as well as users of their services. The findings also suggest that communications to these groups should stress organizational performance and service quality commitments.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polysomnographic values in children 2–9 years old: Additional data and review of the literature
Authors: Traeger Nadav , Schultz Brian , Pollock Avrum N. , Mason Thornton , Marcus Carole L. , Arens Raanan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe establishment of normal pediatric polysomnographic parameters is important for both clinical and research interests. Our objectives were to describe respiratory events, paradoxical breathing, periodic limb movements, and sleep architecture of children at the age of peak incidence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study of 66 children, 2–9 years old, at the Sleep Disorders Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Subjects screened by questionnaire underwent a standard polysomnogram. The percent of total sleep time spent in sleep stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and rapid eye movement (REM) were 4 ± 3%, 44 ± 10%, 10 ± 6%, 22 ± 8%, and 21 ± 6%, respectively. The arousal and awakening index was 11.2 ± 4.3/hr. Respiratory events included a central apnea index of 0.08 ± 0.14/hr, obstructive apnea index of 0.01 ± 0.03/hr, and obstructive hypopnea index of 0.3 ± 0.5/hr. The baseline arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 97 ± 1%, with a nadir of 92 ± 3%. The index of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) was 1.3 ± 2.2/hr. Paradoxical breathing appeared significantly more frequent with piezo crystal effort belts (40 ± 24% of epochs) than with respiratory inductive plethysmography (1.5 ± 3% of epochs). We describe the occurrence of hypopneas during sleep, arousals and awakenings, and PLMS. We illustrate how different technologies can vary the apparent amount of paradoxical breathing. We also confirm previous data on the frequency distribution of sleep stages, SpO2, and relative rarity of respiratory events in this age group. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytokine levels in sputum of cystic fibrosis patients before and after antibiotic therapy
Authors: Colombo Carla , Costantini Diana , Rocchi Alessia , Cariani Lisa , Garlaschi Maria Laura , Tirelli Silvia , Calori Giliola , Copreni Elena , Conese Massimo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt is not known whether cytokine levels in sputum may be used as outocome measures after parenteral antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Here, we assessed the effects of antibiotic therapy on cytokine levels in sputum and serum obtained from young CF patients. Thirty‐two CF patients (14 females; mean age, 18.6 years; range, 11.4–35.7 years), consecutively admitted at the CF Center of Milan for parenteral antibiotic therapy during pulmonary exacerbation, were enrolled in the study. Before and after 21 days (range, 5–41) of intravenous antibiotic treatment, all patients underwent routine laboratory determinations (including white blood cell (WBC) count and C‐reactive protein (CRP)), a chest X‐ray, pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) as % predicted), and sputum cultures. Interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels in serum and sputum samples were determined by means of immunometric assays. After therapy, FEV1 and FVC significantly improved (median increase of 7.5% and 8.5% predicted, respectively), while CRP and WBC count were signifcantly decreased (median values from 14 to 5.5 mg/dl and from 8,350 to 7,400 n/mm3, respectively). While levels of IL‐6 and IL‐10 in sputum were generally undetectable, IL‐8 and TNF‐α were always measurable, and IL‐8 levels significantly decreased after antibiotic treatment (median values from 7,165 to 5,415 pg/ml). Following antibiotic therapy, IL‐8 and TNF‐α levels in sputum were inversely related with both FEV1 and FVC. In conclusion, TNF‐α and IL‐8 levels in sputum of young CF patients with pulmonary exacerbation were always detectable and may be useful, noninvasive outcome measures to assess response to therapy in CF patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gauged maximal supergravities and hierarchies of nonabelian vector‐tensor systems
Authors: de Wit B. , Samtleben H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe describe generalizations of the manifestly E6(6) covariant formulation of five‐dimensional gauged maximal supergravity with regard to the structure of the vector and tensor fields. We indicate how the group‐theoretical structures that we discover seem to play a role in gauged supergravities in various space‐time dimensions.
On particle dynamics in AdSN+1space‐time
Authors: Dorn H. , Jorjadze G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe summarize part of a systematic study of particle dynamics onAdSN+1space‐time based on Hamiltonian methods. New explicit UIR's ofSO(2,N), defined on certain spaces of holomorphic functions, are constructed. The connection to some field theoretic results, including the construction of propagators, is discussed.