bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding COVID-19 vaccination behaviors and intentions in Ghana: A Behavioral Insights (BI) study
Authors: Vepachedu Swathi , Nurzenska Anastasiia , Lohiniva Anna-Leena , Hudi Al-hassan , Deku Sena , Birungi Julianne , Greiner Karen , Sherlock Joseph , Campbell Chelsi , Foster Lori 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Vaccine uptake is influenced by a variety of factors. Behavioral Insights (BI) can be used to address vaccine hesitancy to understand the factors that influence the decision to take or refuse a vaccine.

Methodology
This two-part study consisted of a survey designed to identify the influence of various drivers of people’s COVID-19 vaccination status and their intention to take the vaccine in Ghana, as well as an experiment to test which of several behaviorally informed message frames had the greatest effect on vaccine acceptance. Data was collected from a total of 1494 participants; 1089 respondents (73%) reported already being vaccinated and 405 respondents (27%) reported not being vaccinated yet. The mobile phone-based surveys were conducted between December 2021 and January 2022 using Random Digit Dialing (RDD) to recruit study participants. Data analysis included regression models, relative weights analyses, and ANOVAs.

Results
The findings indicated that vaccine uptake in Ghana is influenced more by social factors (what others think) than by practical factors such as ease of vaccination. Respondents’ perceptions of their family’s and religious leaders’ attitudes towards the vaccine were among the most influential drivers. Unexpectedly, healthcare providers’ positive attitudes about the COVID-19 vaccine had a significant negative relationship with respondents’ vaccination behavior. Vaccine intention was positively predicted by risk perception, ease of vaccination, and the degree to which respondents considered the vaccine effective. Perceptions of religious leaders’ attitudes also significantly and positively predicted respondents’ intention to get vaccinated. Although perceptions of religious leaders’ views about the vaccine are an important driver of vaccine acceptance, results asking respondents to rank-order who influences them suggest that people may not be consciously aware—or do not want to admit—the degree to which they are affected by what religious leaders think. Message frames that included fear, altruism, social norms were all followed by positive responses toward the vaccine, as were messages with three distinct messengers: Ghana Health Services, a doctor, and religious leaders.

Conclusions
What drives COVID-19 vaccine intentions does not necessarily drive behaviors. The results of this study can be used to develop appropriate COVID-19 vaccine uptake strategies targeting the most important drivers of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, using effective message frames.
Early life body size and puberty markers as predictors of breast cancer risk later in life: A neural network analysis
Authors: Svendsen Sara M. S. , Pedersen Dorthe C. , Jensen Britt W. , Aarestrup Julie , Mellemkjær Lene , Bjerregaard Lise G. , Baker Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2024

Background
The early life factors of birthweight, child weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal timing are associated with risks of breast cancer. However, the predictive value of these factors in relation to breast cancer is largely unknown. Therefore, using a machine learning approach, we examined whether birthweight, childhood weights, heights, BMIs, and pubertal timing individually and in combination were predictive of breast cancer.

Methods
We used information on birthweight, childhood height and weight, and pubertal timing assessed by the onset of the growth spurt (OGS) from 164,216 girls born 1930–1996 from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register. Of these, 10,002 women were diagnosed with breast cancer during 1977–2019 according to a nationwide breast cancer database. We developed a feed-forward neural network, which was trained and tested on early life body size measures individually and in various combinations. Evaluation metrics were examined to identify the best performing model.

Results
The highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was achieved in a model that included birthweight, childhood heights, weights and age at OGS (AUC = 0.600). A model based on childhood heights and weights had a comparable AUC value (AUC = 0.598), whereas a model including only childhood heights had the lowest AUC value (AUC = 0.572). The sensitivity of the models ranged from 0.698 to 0.760 while the precision ranged from 0.071 to 0.076.

Conclusion
We found that the best performing network was based on birthweight, childhood weights, heights and age at OGS as the input features. Nonetheless, this performance was only slightly better than the model including childhood heights and weights. Further, although the performance of our networks was relatively low, it was similar to those from previous studies including well-established risk factors. As such, our results suggest that childhood body size may add additional value to breast cancer prediction models.
Genetic link between primary biliary cholangitis and connective tissue diseases in European populations: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Zhekang , Shao Yijia , Duan Xinwang 
Published: February 2024

Background
An association between primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and connective tissue diseases (CTDs) [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), systemic sclerosis (SSc)] has been found in observational studies. However, the direction causality is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causality between PBC and CTDs and to promote early screening, pre-emptive therapy, and accurate stratification.

Methods
A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal relationship between PBC [Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) meta-analysis, 8021 cases/16498 controls], and SLE (GWAS meta-analysis, 8021 cases/16489 controls), RA(FinnGen, 6236 cases/14727 controls), SS(FinnGen, 2495 cases/365533 controls), SSc (FinnGen, 302 cases/213145 controls). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary analysis method, supplemented by four sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results.

Results
The IVW revealed that genetically predicted PBC increased the risk of SLE [odd’s ratio (OR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–1.58, P < 0.001]), RA (OR = 1.09, 95%CI1.04–1.14, P<0.001), and SS (OR = 1.18, 95%CI1.12–1.24, P<0.001), but not that of SSc. In addition, no association was observed between CTDs as an exposure and PBC. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusions
Our study provided new genetic evidence for a causal relationship between PBC and CTDs. PBC increased the risk of SLE, RA, and SS. Our findings highlighted the importance of active screening and intervention for CTDs in patients with PBC.
A systematic review of the association of Type I diabetes with sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Mittal Rahul , McKenna Keelin , Keith Grant , Lemos Joana R. N. , Mittal Jeenu , Hirani Khemraj 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been associated with several comorbidities such as ocular, renal, and cardiovascular complications. However, the effect of T1D on the auditory system and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is still not clear. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate whether T1D is associated with hearing impairment.

Methods
The databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Three reviewers independently screened, selected, and extracted data. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools for Analytical cross-sectional and case-control studies were used to perform quality assessment and risk of bias analysis on eligible studies.

Results
After screening a total of 463 studies, 11 eligible original articles were included in the review to analyze the effects of T1D on the auditory system. The included studies comprised cross-sectional and case-control investigations. A total of 5,792 patients were evaluated across the 11 articles included. The majority of the studies showed that T1D was associated with hearing impairment compared to controls, including differences in PTAs and OAEs, increased mean hearing thresholds, altered acoustic reflex thresholds, and problems with the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex inhibitory effect. Significant risk factors included older age, increased disease duration, and higher HbA1C levels.

Conclusions
This systematic review suggests that there is a correlation between T1D and impairment on the auditory system. A multidisciplinary collaboration between endocrinologists, otolaryngologists, and audiologists will lead to early detection of hearing impairment in people with T1D resulting in early intervention and better clinical outcomes in pursuit of improving the quality of life of affected individuals.

Registration
This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023438576).
Proteomic analysis of diabetic retinopathy identifies potential plasma-protein biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Honoré Bent , Hajari Javad Nouri , Pedersen Tobias Torp , Ilginis Tomas , Al-Abaiji Hajer Ahmad , Lønkvist Claes Sepstrup , Saunte Jon Peiter , Olsen Dorte Aalund , Brandslund Ivan , Vorum Henrik , Slidsborg Carina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To identify molecular pathways and prognostic- and diagnostic plasma-protein biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy at various stages.

Methods
This exploratory, cross-sectional proteomics study involved plasma from 68 adults, including 15 healthy controls and 53 diabetes patients for various stages of diabetic retinopathy: non-diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Plasma was incubated with peptide library beads and eluted proteins were tryptic digested, analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry followed by bioinformatics.

Results
In the 68 samples, 248 of the 731 identified plasma-proteins were present in all samples. Analysis of variance showed differential expression of 58 proteins across the five disease subgroups. Protein–Protein Interaction network (STRING) showed enrichment of various pathways during the diabetic stages. In addition, stage-specific driver proteins were detected for early and advanced diabetic retinopathy. Hierarchical clustering showed distinct protein profiles according to disease severity and disease type.

Conclusions
Molecular pathways in the cholesterol metabolism, complement system, and coagulation cascade were enriched in patients at various stages of diabetic retinopathy. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and systemic lupus erythematosus pathways were enriched in early diabetic retinopathy. Stage-specific proteins for early – and advanced diabetic retinopathy as determined herein could be ‘key’ players in driving disease development and potential ‘target’ proteins for future therapies. For type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, the proteomic profiles were especially distinct during the early disease stage. Validation studies should aim to clarify the role of the detected molecular pathways, potential biomarkers, and potential ‘target’ proteins for future therapies in diabetic retinopathy.
Convergence of Adaptive Crouzeix–Raviart and Morley FEM for Distributed Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Dond Asha K. , Nataraj Neela , Nayak Subham 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the quasi-optimality of adaptive nonconforming finite element methods for distributed optimal control problems governed by 𝑚-harmonic operators for

m
=

1
,
2

m=1,2

.
A variational discretization approach is employed and the state and adjoint variables are discretized using nonconforming finite elements.
Error equivalence results at the continuous and discrete levels lead to a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the optimal control problem.
The general axiomatic framework that includes stability, reduction, discrete reliability, and quasi-orthogonality establishes the quasi-optimality.
Numerical results demonstrate the theoretically predicted orders of convergence and the efficiency of the adaptive estimator.
Romanian presumptive in interaction: evidentiality and beyond
Authors: Popescu Cecilia Mihaela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The paper emphasizes the pragmatic and discursive extensions of a special verbal structure – at its origin, a Future Tense form – known in Romanian linguistics as presumptive mood (hereinafter: PRESUMPT). In terms of evidentiality, the PRESUMPT has two types of meanings: an inferential meaning, expressing an inference-based supposition, and also a reportative meaning, when the utterer does not take responsibility for the truthfulness of information from another source. These significances are very subtle and closely related to their context of use. That is why, sometimes, it is very difficult to distinguish one value from another. Therefore, Romanian PRESUMPT deploys in discourse pragmatic enrichments depending on the syntactic-enunciative structure it is inserted in or on some other parameters, such as: speaker’s epistemic stance, genre of discourse, intersubjectivity, and extends its core meaning of evidentiality through a range of discursive dimensions. Considering this situation, our approach outlines that a complex rhetorical strategy is involved in such contexts, where the PRESUMPT actualizes in fact only its prototypical feature [+placement in a subsequent relation (“ultériorité” – see Bres 2012. Conditionnel et ultériorité dans le passé: De la subjectivité à l’objectivité. In SHS Web of Conferences, Volume 1 (3ème Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française), 1719–1730.)], exclusively marking the relation of subsequence of the hypothesis or of the quoted speech act (in counter-argumentative frames) compared to a previously mentioned state of facts.
Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lu Li , Cheng Mengyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We aimed to investigate the changes in the levels of high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, adiponectin receptors, and cytokines in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as their potential relationships. Forty-one patients who underwent lobectomy for lung lesions and had a clear postoperative pathological diagnosis were divided into the non-COPD (N = 23) and COPD (N = 18) groups. HMW adiponectin, cytokine, and T-cadherin levels in serum and tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of HMW adiponectin and cytokine (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, surfactant protein D, 4-hydroxynonenal, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C reactive protein) in the serum and tissues increased in the COPD group compared to those in the non-COPD group. Patients with COPD exhibited AdipoR1 upregulation and AdipoR2 downregulation. Although T-cadherin did not differ significantly between patients with and those without COPD, its expression was elevated during the progression from COPD with benign lung lesions to combined lung cancer. Furthermore, the HMW adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with the cytokine levels and the clinical characteristics of COPD. HMW adiponectin and its receptors affect the inflammatory process in COPD and may further contribute to the progression of the disease to malignancy.
Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
Authors: Ahmed Mansoor , Naseer Haseena , Ebad ur Rehman Mohammad , Basit Jawad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Arshad Mateen , Ahmad Afnan , Asad Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can cause extra-hepatic manifestations like myocarditis. An 8-year-old female with HAV infection presented with fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and icterus. She developed viral myocarditis with complete AV dissociation on ECG and was treated with a temporary pacemaker, but her condition worsened, and she died. Hepatitis A viral infection can be associated with viral myocarditis and complete heart block that can lead to cardiogenic shock and death eventually.
Microhistory, Conjectural Reasoning, and Prehistory: The Treasure of Aliseda (Spain)
Authors: Blanco-González Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This contribution delves into the ways of archaeological reasoning based on material remains, tackled as minute physical traces or signs capable of shedding light on underlying and otherwise unapproachable past phenomena. This is indeed the basis of Microhistory or the conjectural paradigm in History. This article identifies key characteristics regarding this way of inductive or “bottom-up” inference and demonstrates its prospects when applied to prehistoric contexts. To illustrate this point, the article draws on a case study from the protohistory of Iberia: The treasure of Aliseda (seventh–sixth centuries BCE). This one-off assemblage – a true anomaly in its time, past, and present – was accidentally found in 1920 and has thenceforth been subject to assorted interpretations – mainly as individual burial goods from a feminine tomb – using deductive reasoning constrained by strong prejudices. A recent and comprehensive revision of this issue from an inductive and multi-stranded approach – mobilising several independent lines of evidence – has led to a fresh, sounder, and finer-grained micro-narrative. This case exemplifies a successful microhistorical enquiry, which has tracked retrospectively an array of inadvertent observations – from legacy dataset, new fieldwork, and science-based analyses – to illuminate the deviant circumstances framing this occurrence.
Verallgemeinerbarkeit und Engführung von Gütekriterien. Replik auf den Kommentar „Jenseits der Lagerbildung“
Authors: Otte Gunnar , Sawert Tim , Brüderl Josef , Kley Stefanie , Kroneberg Clemens , Rohlfing Ingo 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag setzen wir uns mit den Anmerkungen von Franz Erhard und Robert Schäfer zu unserem Artikel „Gütekriterien in der Soziologie“ auseinander. Wir gehen auf vier Aspekte ein: (1) die Frage, ob allgemeine, transdisziplinäre Anforderungen wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens in einen Gütekriterienkatalog gehören und ob der Gegenstandsbereich der Soziologie disziplinspezifische Kriterien erfordert; (2) den Einwand, dass die Kopplung unseres Theorieverständnisses an kausale Erklärungen eine problematische Engführung der Gütekriterien mit sich bringt; (3) die Frage, ob Formen des Generalisierens in der qualitativ-interpretativen Forschung eine Ausdifferenzierung unseres Gütekriteriums zur Generalisierung nötig machen; (4) den Vorschlag, die Rückbindung empirischer Studien an Gesellschaftstheorien zu einem allgemeinen Gütekriterium zu erheben. Wir zeigen, dass sich einige dieser Punkte mit unseren Gütekriterien vereinbaren lassen und dass andere wenig überzeugend sind.
Gender characteristics of the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in the adult population of the Vladimir region
Authors: Mamedov M. N. , Sushkova L. T. , Isakov R. V. , Kutsenko V. A. , Drapkina O. A. 
Published: February 2024

Aim. To assess the prevalence of major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) taking into account gender characteristics in a random sample of adults in 5 cities of the Vladimir region.Material and methods. This cross-sectional population-based study (May 2018 — March 2020) included 1350 people (men and women aged 30-69 years) from 5 cities of the Vladimir region. The response rate was 87%. A total of 1174 people completed the study. Of these, 424 (36,1%) were men and 750 (63,9%) women. Respondents were surveyed using a standard questionnaire prepared by the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, which included socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, data on somatic diseases and medications taken.Results. The prevalence of coronary artery disease among men was 14,1%, among women — 9,5% (p=0,016). In men, the second most common disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which was 2,5 times more common than in women — 10,6 and 4,5%, respectively (p=0,001). Among women, the second most common disease was type 2 diabetes (T2D), accounting for 7,6%. Cerebrovascular diseases occupy fourth place in the NCD structure. Their prevalence was 6,1% among men and 4,4% among women. Cancer diseases were less common than other chronic diseases without sex differences — 2,8 and 3,1%, respectively. In certain cities, the prevalence of NCDs varied. Every third man and fourth women had a positive family history for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (p=0,005). About 20% of men reported a positive family history for COPD, while among women this figure was 2 times lower (p=0,001). Men and women were comparable in terms a family history for T2D — 10,4 and 12,5%, respectively. A positive family history for tumors of various locations was recorded in ~5%.Conclusion. In the adult working-age population of the Vladimir region, atherosclerosis-related CVDs was identified in 17% of cases. The incidence of T2D and COPD in the adult population was approximately the same and amounted to >7%. The prevalence of cancer was 3%. Sex differences were identified in the prevalence of coronary artery disease and COPD.
High salt intake in the Russian population: prevalence, regional aspects, associations with socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and diseases. Results of epidemiological studies ESSE-RF and EGIDA-Moscow
Authors: Karamnova N. S. , Maksimov S. A. , Kapustina A. V. , Shalnova S. A. , Shvabskaya O. B. , Dotsenko А. N. , Kutsenko V. A. , Balanova Yu. A. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Imaeva A. E. , Kotova M. B. , Muromtseva G. A. , Kontsevaya А. V. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: February 2024

High salt intake is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, most cardiovascular diseases and their complications.Aim. To study the characteristics of high salt intake in Russian and Moscow populations according to epidemiological studies.Material and methods. Data from representative samples of adult population aged 25-64 years (n=21922, 8372 men and 13550 women) from Russian 13 regions and persons aged >18 years (n=4063, 1662 men and 2401 women) from Moscow were used. A combination of 2 out of 3 items was taken as excess salt intake: daily consumption of meat and sausage products and pickles and/or adding salt to the finished dish. The results are presented as frequencies and odds ratios (OR).Results. The prevalence of high salt intake in the Russian population was 49,3% (53% among men and 47% among women); in the Moscow sample — 49,6% (60,3% for men and 41,9% for women). The habit of adding salt to a finished dish is widespread in the Russian Federation — 40,5% (47% among men and 34,7% among women); among Muscovites it is less pronounced — 25,8% (31,6% among men and 21,7% among women). Positive associations of high salt intake were noted with male sex (OR=1,1), education level (OR=1,5 and OR=1,3 for primary and secondary education, respectively), smoking (OR=1,74), alcohol consumption (OR=1,3, OR=1,4 and OR=1,5 — for moderate, high and very high alcohol consumption, respectively), rural place of residence (OR=1,34), anxiety (OR=1,27), depression (OR=1,36) and abdominal obesity (OR=1,1), and negative — with thyroid disease (OR=0,9), previous cerebral stroke (OR=0,8) and type 2 diabetes (OR=0,87). The prevalence of high salt intake in the all-Russian sample is not associated with income level and age, but was noted among Muscovites.Conclusion. In the Russian population, a high prevalence of high salt intake was revealed, which is more pronounced among smokers, alcohol drinkers, those with primary and secondary education levels, rural residents, as well as those with anxiety and depression.