bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crimes Against Humanity: Evolution, Prosecution, and Challenges for the International Criminal Court
Authors: Pillai Aneesh Vijayan , Sharma Shilpa , Mathew Georgekutty , Challa Kaumudhi 
Published: January 2025

In international law, the term crimes against humanity refers to crimes, including murder, torture, enforced disappearance, etc., committed in a large-scale manner against civilians irrespective of their nationality. The crimes against humanity, together with crimes such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against aggression, form part of core crimes in international criminal law. The idea of crimes against humanity traces its development to the early 1900s, and subsequently, it received serious attention during the Second World War. The Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of the Major War Criminals of the European Axis, adopted in 1945, has defined the term crimes against humanity for the first time in its history. Subsequently, several developments occurred, including the Nuremberg Trials, the Tokyo Trial, the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, etc. All these have significantly influenced the moulding of crimes against humanity. Finally, adopting the Statute of the International Criminal Court has given a final shape to the concept of crimes against humanity and the methods to deal with its prosecution, punishment, etc. Being one of the core international criminal law crimes, this paper examines the historical evolution, the concept of crimes against humanity and the various criticisms and challenges in prosecuting crimes against humanity under international criminal law.
Comparer les débats politiques en ligne
Authors: Li Vigni Fabrizio 
Published: January 2025

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les partis politiques, les mouvements sociaux et les institutions publiques ont tendance à numériser leurs pratiques militantes et organisationnelles afin de reconquérir ou élargir la participation citoyenne. Les plateformes mises en place dans ce contexte appellent souvent les internautes à voter et à délibérer sur des sujets établis par les porteurs des plateformes ou par les internautes eux-mêmes. Dans cet article, nous présentons un cadre analytique du débat en ligne en combinant les notions d’actes de langage, de modalités argumentatives et de types d’arguments issues des sciences du langage, afin de comparer la complexité rhétorique et dégager les régimes argumentatifs dominants au sein de deux plateformes : Idées Paris et Conférence sur l’avenir de l’Europe. L’article pose la question suivante : dans l’analyse de la délibération en ligne, qu’est-ce qu’il faut attribuer au design de la plateforme et qu’est-ce qu’aux autres facteurs sociopolitiques ? L’analyse des données empiriques nous porte à faire l’hypothèse selon laquelle le haut niveau de réciprocité et d’argumentation observé dans les deux plateformes peut être attribué principalement à leur design, tandis que les différences observées sont attribuables, entre autres, aux thèmes discutés, à l’échelle géographique et politique investie, ainsi qu’au degré de notoriété des plateformes.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY ANALYSIS OF ICE CREAM WITH THE ADDITION OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF CHIA SEED (Salvia Hispanica L)
Authors: Lewerissa Karina Bianca , Palimbong Sarlina , Graciela Jesslyn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground: Ice cream is a popular semi-frozen dairy product because it has a soft texture and melts quickly in the mouth. However, ice cream has drawbacks because it has high fat and does not contain fiber so that it can trigger obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to add other food ingredients to increase the fiber content, such as chia seeds, which are rich in fiber. Objectives: This research aims to determine the characteristics and proportions of the use of chia seeds on the physical and chemical properties of ice cream. Materials and Methods: Three concentrations of 8, 10, and 12% chia seed were applied to determine the best concentration to produce the most preferred ice cream and the product's physicochemical characteristics and sensory quality. The analyzed parameters were protein content, fat content, crude fiber content, total solids, melting speed, overrun, and viscosity.Results:The water content of the ice cream with different chia seed concentrations is around 64%, fat 11%, and protein 4%. The crude fiber content of the product increased with increasing chia seed concentration. Addition of chia seeds with different concentrations made a real difference in the overrun and melting speed of the ice cream. The higher the chia seed concentration, the higher the overrun and total solids, and the longer the melting speed. Conclusions: Ice cream with a chia seed concentration of 8% is the most preferred regarding color, taste, aroma, texture, and overall preference. However, statistical analysis shows that there are no significant differences in overall acceptance by panelist for all products. Therefore, ice cream with highest chia seed content can be endorsed as healthy food due to its fiber conten.tKeywords: Chia seed; dietary fiber; ice cream
Pemafibrate ameliorates renal injury through induction of FGF21 and ketone body production in male mice
Authors: Takahara Kunihiko , Ouchi Noriyuki , Takikawa Tomonobu , Ozaki Yuta , Fang Lixin , Kawanishi Hiroshi , Tatsumi Minako , Yura Yoshimitsu , Kato Katsuhiro , Takefuji Mikito , Murohara Toyoaki , Ohashi Koji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChronic kidney disease is a life‐threatening disease worldwide. PPARα is a crucial transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Here, we examine whether a novel selective PPARα modulator, pemafibrate modulates renal injury in a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Administration of pemafibrate to wild‐type (WT) mice led to reduction of renal dysfunction and fibrosis after UUO with accompanying increases in plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 and ketone body β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Treatment of WT mice with FGF21 or BHB precursor resulted in attenuation of renal fibrotic and inflammatory responses after UUO. Treatment of proximal tubular cells with FGF21 or BHB reduced expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers. These findings suggest that pemafibrate could ameliorate renal damage, at least in part, by its abilities to increase the production of FGF21 and BHB.
Digital Games as Safe Places: The Case of Animal Crossing
Authors: Ferreira Cátia , Ganito Carla , Gonçalves Soraia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Digital games have become a popular cultural pastime and a profitable media industry, with an average player age of 32. During the lockdown years, the many facets of digital games came to light, particularly their capacity to encourage the development of safe spaces for interaction and communities. Games that encourage creativity and content creation, like Second Life, Animal Crossing, and Minecraft, for example, give users a variety of safe spaces to express themselves and grow creatively. The article addresses the function of video games as safe spaces using a mixed-methods approach, emphasizing the role played during the pandemic and using Animal Crossing as an example. Three primary techniques for gathering data were an online survey, netnography, and document analysis. Through the Animal Crossing: New Horizons case study, we were able to confirm that players do, in fact, view the game as more than just a way to pass the time. They make expressive and proactive use of it, deriving immense pleasure from producing and disseminating content that is uniquely personalized for them. It is a tool for escapism and provides a feeling of belonging to players who agree that the New Horizons Fan Community is a united, helpful, caring, and generous community.
“Can I Tell What It Is that I Really Want?”: The Formation of Multiple and Unintelligible Selves in Ding Ling’s “Miss Sophia’s Diary”
Authors: Xiong Shuangting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
“Miss Sophia’s Diary” 莎菲女士的日記, Ding Ling’s 丁玲 (1904–1986) debut on the literary stage in 1928, made her a nationally recognized figure. The first-person narrative and diary form of this iconic text is most representative of May Fourth intellectuals’ incessant quest for modernity and a modern selfhood through self-conscious experimentation with forms and genres.Yet previous scholarship on “Miss Sophia’s Diary” paid little attention to the use of “I” as well as the formal and generic characteristics of the diary form. Drawing on the sociolinguistic theory on the intersubjective, social and performative nature of the “I,” existing discussions of formal features of the diary, and a poststructualist reading of autobiography as a figure that precedes and produces the self, this paper examines the use of “I” and the formal and generic features of the diary form. It is my contention that the formal and generic multiplicity of the diary narrative written in the first-person perspective problematizes subject formation and attests to the difficulty and even impossibility of representing the self and rendering it intelligible. The formal and generic multiplicity produces a performative, fragmented and contradictory selfhood, which in turn resists any fixed subject position. This paper reveals not only the limits of the autonomous, bounded selfhood modeled on Western Enlightenment epistemology but also the complicated processes of how the concepts of the self and subjectivity, as discursive constructs, are contested and negotiated in particular historical and social conditions.
Enhanced absolute added correlative coding for low earth orbit optical intersatellite links
Authors: Gill Amrita , Gnanagurunathan Gnanam , Khan Nafizah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the polarization division multiplexed absolute added correlative coding (PDM-AACC) in an optical intersatellite link (OISL). It is modeled to operate in a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite broadband constellation network, and its receiver front-end (RFE) comprises avalanche photodiodes (APDs). Its performance is then comparatively investigated against two other OISLs adopting the absolute added correlative coding (AACC) and the 4-pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) formats, respectively. When transmitting 20 Gbps over the maximum LEO-LEO link distance of 6,000 km, the 4-PAM and AACC needed a minimum transmitter laser power of 36 dBm and 29 dBm to meet the bit-error rate (BER) requirement of less than 10−9, whereas the PDM-AACC required 27 dBm. It also supported longer transmission ranges, narrower telescope pointing error angles, and smaller telescope aperture diameter sizes in comparison to the 4-PAM and the AACC. The modeled PDM-AACC modulated OISL further improved on the receiver sensitivities of the latter two by 10 dBm and 2 dBm in addition to increasing its spectral efficiencies. The bit rate of all three links were then doubled to 40 Gbps. While the 4-PAM and AACC sustained it for distances of 2,800 km and 4,800 km, the PDM-AACC met the BER requirement for distances of up to 6,200 km.
Lowering the PAPR by using the PTS method for high-speed optical OTFS systems
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sarveswara Rao T.D.N.S.S. , Kumar Mishra Aneesh , Kumar Swarnkar Shekhar , Nanthaamornphong Aziz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Orthogonal time frequency selective (OTFS) is a two-dimensional modulation technique that encodes data in the delay-Doppler domain, offering robust communication in dynamic environments. However, the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in OTFS waveforms can degrade the performance of power amplifiers (PA) in the system. To address this, the proposed work introduces a partial transmission sequence (PTS) method to effectively reduce PAPR while preserving system throughput. The study evaluates the PTS technique’s performance in terms of key metrics, including bit error rate (BER) and power spectral density (PSD), using MATLAB 2016 for simulation. Results demonstrate that the proposed PTS method significantly outperforms traditional approaches, achieving a PAPR reduction of 1–3.8 dB and reducing power consumption by up to 30 %. These improvements highlight the potential of the PTS method for enhancing the efficiency and reliability of OTFS systems, making it a promising solution for high-performance wireless and optical communication networks. The findings underline the effectiveness of integrating PTS in OTFS to address PAPR challenges while ensuring minimal impact on system performance, paving the way for its application in next-generation communication technologies.
Developing awareness of Global Englishes: questioning the native-speakerist paradigm of ELT at a Polish university
Authors: Paciorkowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
English has become the primary medium for global communication, with most users being non-native speakers. However, the English Language Teaching industry has been slow to adapt to English’s changing role and global importance. The traditional native-speakerist paradigm persists in many ELT contexts, where native speakers and their language proficiency are still regarded as ideal models and norms. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study investigates the impact of a series of lectures on Global Englishes (GEs) on students’ opinions and attitudes towards the concept of GEs. The findings of this preliminary research project suggest that students are receptive to revising their often outdated beliefs concerning native speakers’ role and status, language teaching and learning objectives, and the position of English speakers from Outer Circle countries. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on English Language Teaching and emphasizes the importance of embracing Global Englishes within educational settings.
SrAl8Rh2 – the first phase in the Sr/Al/Rh system and new representative of the CeAl8Fe2 type structure
Authors: Engel Stefan , Reimann Maximilian K. , Svanidze Eteri , Krnel Mitja , Zaremba Nazar , König Markus , Janka Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large lath-shaped single crystals of SrAl8Rh2 were grown during attempts to synthesize SrAl4Rh2 in analogy to SrAl4Ir2. Single crystal experiments determined the structure to be isostructural to the CeAl8Fe2 type crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pbam (a = 1269.74(4), b = 1475.43(5), c = 412.55(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0398, 2088 F
2 values and 70 variables). SrAl8Rh2 is the first reported compound in the ternary system Sr–Al–Rh. No mixing on any atomic position was observed. Attempts to synthesize SrAl8Rh2 in bulk led to a multiphase mixture according to powder X-ray diffraction experiments. However, here also growth of large single crystals was possible. Subsequently, electrical resistivity measured on a single crystal of SrAl8Rh2 revealed an onset of superconductivity around T
c = 0.8 K. Finally, quantum-chemical calculations gave an insight into the chemical bonding and the charge distribution, showing that the compound consists of a [Al8Rh2]
δ– polyanion with the Sr
δ+ residing in the pentagonal cavities.
«КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В СИБИРИ»: ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И АКТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ В НАУЧНОМ ЖУРНАЛЕ
Authors: ЗОЛОТОВА Т.Н. 
Published: January 2025

В статье представлен анализ публикаций по этнокультурному наследию народов Сибири в научном журнале «Культурологические исследования в Сибири», издававшемся Сибирским филиалом Института наследия в г. Омске с 1999 по 2015 г. За этот период журнал стал важной научно-коммуникационной площадкой для публикации новейших результатов научных исследований специалистов из 40 городов России и 9 зарубежных стран для установления контактов и обмена мнениями между ними. Проблемам этнокультурного наследия русских, сибирских татар, казахов, хантов, манси, алтайцев, тувинцев, немцев, украинцев, латышей и других народов Сибири посвящалось более 60 % общего объема статей и сообщений в журнале. Научное периодическое издание в первом двадцатилетии XXI в. заметно активизировало изучение культуры сибирских народов, стимулировало интерес к этнокультурному наследию многонационального населения Сибири. Сегодня публикации журнала сохраняются в цифровом формате на сайте Сибирского филиала Российского научно-исследовательского института культурного и природного наследия им. Д.С. Лихачева, что способствует дальнейшим исследованиям, сохранению исторической и культурной памяти.
The article presents an analysis of materials on ethnocultural heritage in the scientific journal “Culturological Research in Siberia”, published by the Siberian branch of the Institute of Heritage in Omsk from 1999 to 2015. During this period, the journal became an important scientific and communication platform for presenting the results of scientific research, establishing contacts and exchanging opinions for scientists from 40 cities of Russia and 9 foreign countries. Many articles published in the journal initiated fundamental research works and new scientific research. During this period, dozens of articles on the ethnocultural heritage of Russians, Siberian Tatars, Kazakhs, Khanty, Mansi, Altai, Tuvans, Germans, Ukrainians, Latvians and other indigenous and immigrant peoples of Siberia were published, which amounted to more than 60 % of the total volume of publications in the journal. The scientific publication has stimulated further study of the culture of Siberian peoples and attracted interest in the ethnocultural heritage in the vast territory of Siberia in the first twenty years of the 21st century. Today, the scientific heritage of the journal is preserved through the digital dimension on the website of the Siberian branch, contributing to further research and the preservation of historical and cultural memory.
Сучасний український історичний наратив як засіб протидії російській історичній пропаганді
Authors: Удод Олександр Андрійович 
Published: January 2025

У виступі розглянуто питання протидії російській пропаганді, яке ще з 2014 р. перебуває в центрі уваги фахівців установ НАН України соціогуманітарного профілю. Сьогодні триває докорінне переосмислення концепції української історії, створюється сучасний історичний наратив, який є найнадійнішим способом легітимізації Української держави, особливо в очах світової спільноти.
IMPUTABILIDAD DISMINUIDA: ¿UNA CONTRADICCIÓN EN EL DERECHO PENAL COSTARRICENSE?
Authors: Ruiz Murillo Adriana 
Published: January 2025

En un Estado democrático y de derecho como el nuestro, la imposición de una pena requiere de un proceso judicial con todas las garantías constitucionales, en especial para aquel sujeto a quien se le imputa la realización de un delito. A través del instrumento de la Teoría del Delito, se analiza si la conducta ha sido descrita como delito en la normativa penal, y si quebranta el ordenamiento jurídico. Pero lo más relevante para efectos de este artículo, es el análisis de la culpabilidad, ya que se debe determinar si la persona tenía la capacidad de comprender la ilicitud de la acción que estaba ejecutando y si podía comportarse según ese conocimiento, es decir, si la persona puede ser imputable. Pero hay condiciones particulares que puede presentar quien ejecuta una acción ilícita, que le eximen de esa responsabilidad al no tener plena conciencia del quebrantamiento de la ley que está llevando a cabo, ya sea por causa de una enfermedad mental, o grave perturbación de la conciencia. A quienes realizan la acción bajo esta condición se les denomina inimputables, y según nuestra norma penal, no merecen recibir una pena, sino una medida de seguridad que les permita recibir el tratamiento médico que necesiten, y proporcionarle un lugar seguro en la medida de su peligrosidad. Existe un tercer estado posible que la doctrina ha denominado imputabilidad disminuida o semi-imputabilidad, y en esta categoría se encuentran quienes actúen con una capacidad reducida, por las mismas causas que el inimputable, pero sin llegar a perder completamente su conciencia o voluntad. Es en estos casos donde nuestro ordenamiento jurídico se manifiesta contradictorio, pues establece la obligatoriedad de imponer una medida de seguridad, pero reconoce una situación de imputabilidad disminuida en donde solo atenúa la pena como es el caso del actuar bajo un estado de emoción violenta. Surge la pregunta ¿se debe reformar nuestro Código Penal para que todo aquel que actúa bajo imputabilidad disminuida reciba una pena proporcional al nivel de reproche que su caso concreto soporta, y si es del caso, reciba adicionalmente el tratamiento médico o terapéutico que requiera? o ¿se debe mantener la medida de seguridad para todos estos casos como está establecido en la norma vigente?
Exploring Continuous Seismic Data at an Industry Facility Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Chai Chengping , Marcillo Omar , Maceira Monica , Park Junghyun , Arrowsmith Stephen , Thomas James O. , Cunningham Joshua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Seismic data recorded at industrial sites contain valuable information on anthropogenic activities. With advances in machine learning and computing power, new opportunities have emerged to explore the seismic wavefield in these complex environments. We applied two unsupervised machine learning algorithms to analyze continuous seismic data collected from an industrial facility in Texas, United States. The Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction algorithm was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and generate 2D embeddings. Then, the Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise method was employed to automatically group these embeddings into distinct signal clusters. Our analysis of over 1400 hr (around 59 days) of continuous seismic data revealed five and seven signal clusters at two separate stations. At both stations, we identified clusters associated with background noise and vehicle traffic, with the latter’s temporal patterns aligning closely with the facility’s work schedule. Furthermore, the algorithms detected signal clusters from unknown sources and underline the ability of unsupervised machine learning for uncovering previously unrecognized patterns. Our analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of unsupervised approaches in examining continuous seismic data without requiring prior knowledge or pre-existing labels.