bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Values and Fertility Change in Japan
Authors: Retherford Robert D , Ogawa Naohiro , sakamoto satomi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers how value change and underlying economic and social change have jointly affected fertility in Japan since 1950, when survey data on fertility-related values started to become available. It is convenient to classify Japan’s fertility decline since 1950 into three periods: (1) 1950-7, a period of rapid decline at the end of which total fertility reached the replacement level of about two children per woman; (2) 1957-73, during which fertility did not change much; and (3) 1973-95, a period of resumed fertility decline when total fertility fell to 1.43. Our analysis relates mainly to the third period.
Religious Values and Fertility Decline: Catholics and Lutherans in Alsace, 1750-1870
Authors: Mcquillan Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent efforts to come to an understanding of the sources of fertility change have often counterposed the roles played by economic and social factors (Cleland and Wilson 1987; McNicoll 1992). Writers from the various micro-economic schools of analysis (Easterlin 1978), as well as some historians inspired by Marxist views of change (Levine 1977; Medick 1981), have supported the case for an essentially economic explanation of fertility change. The Princeton studies of the decline of fertility in Europe (Coale and Watkins 1986) have given a boost to cultural accounts of demographic change, a view long supported by several anthropologists and historians. Yet, any careful reading of the historical evidence must lead to the conclusion that both sets of factors have played an important role in fertility change.
Conclusions
Authors: Casterline John B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How values are constructed and maintained, and how they influence behaviour, has long been a central concern of social scientists. Demography is commonly viewed as among the least reflective and most coldly numerical of the social science disciplines, and therefore most social scientists assume that values figure in theory and discourse in demography in only a minor way. In fact assertions about values and the larger cultural systems in which they are embedded appear in most of the influential treatises on fertility change, from the early statements by Notestein and his contemporaries (Notestein 1953; Davis 1955) to the present (Caldwell 1982; Lesthaeghe 1983; Preston 1986; Cleland and Wilson 1987). Hence it would be inaccurate to accuse demographers of ignoring values altogether. Most demographic theory, however, assigns a much weaker causal contribution to cultural systems than other major societal structures (especially social and economic structures).
External Trade Policy
Authors: Hine Robert C , Padoan Pier Carlo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extema1 trade has a large and expanding influence on European economic activity. Foreign markets absorb almost a tenth of EC goods output. ‘They are major sources of competitive stimulus and technical innovation, and provide crucial supplies of energy and raw materials. Within the European economy, however, the influence of external trade is uneven. For institutional and other reasons, there are marked differences in the extent to which the various sectors of the economy are exposed to import and export competition.
Welfare Theory
Authors: Little I M D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I think A Critique advanced four ideas of some importance. First, it grounded welfare economics on individual choice. Using Occam’s razor, it showed that the theory was based on the value judgement that a person was better off in one situation than in another if the former could be said to have been chosen rather than the latter. This was not, perhaps, a very important contribution. But it was a shade more austere than Paul Samuelson’s concept of ‘revealed preference’. One did not have to suppose that choice revealed preference. A person might choose B rather than A although he or she preferred A. One could jump straight to the value judgement that welfare was increased if someone should reach a chosen position, and be better off in this sense. One did not need to claim that he or she was more satisfied. One did not have to be a utilitarian.
The Foundations of Welfare Economics (1949)
Authors: Little I M D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The formulation of the theory of economic welfare, which appears to be accepted by many economists today, consists of a number of elegant deductions from unacceptable premisses. This paradoxical state of affairs is the result of some logical and philosophical confusions. It is proposed, in this article, to discuss the criteria for an increase in the economic welfare of individuals and of society, and other related questions.
Trade and Industrialization Revisited (1994)
Authors: Little I M D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1970, the book Industry and Trade in Some Developing Countries by myself, Tibor Scitovsky, and Maurice Scott was published (referred to henceforth as LSS). It exposed the bad effects of the import substitution policies which had been the prevailing mode of industrialization in developing countries for a long time. It advocated the elimination of quotas and a uniform tariff of rn-15 per cent. The exchange rate should be adjusted to ensure that exports were compet¬itive. If any industry was, exceptionally, to receive more promotion than that implied by the low tariff, this should be by some form of subsidization which should not exceed another rn-15 per cent of domestic value added. LSS is, I believe, still the most quoted work on the subject.1 It was quite closely related in theory to the methods of cost-benefit analysis proposed by Little and Mirrlees (1974) (referred to henceforth as LM).
The Experience and Causes of Rapid Labour¬ Intensive Development in Korea, Taiwan Province, Hong Kong, and Singapore, and the Possibilities of Emulation (1981)
Authors: Little I M D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is good reason to ask what can be learned from South Korea (hereafter, ‘Korea’), Taiwan Province (hereafter, ‘Taiwan’), Hong Kong, and Singapore-the ‘four’, as I shall call them for convenience. Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore had all achieved in 1973 a growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) of over IO per cent per annum for the previous decade. Hong Kong only just missed this magic figure; but the latter’s growth over the longer twenty-year period, 1953,3, was better than that of the other three. Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Korea were also by 1975 the largest exporters of domestically produced manufactures in the developing world: each exported over US$4 billion worth, the next in order being Yugoslavia, Brazil, India, and Mexico, all of which were in the US$2 billion league.
Ethics and International Economic Relations (1992)
Authors: Little I M D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It may be useful to start by underlining an important difference between the viewpoint I am going to take and that of many moral philosophers. I do not believe in natural rights, laws, or liberties; by which I mean rights, laws, or liberties that are independent of any community or society. I accept that people may have rights, but these rights are created by, and are nugatory without, a moral community.
The Exposure of International Corporate Bond Returns to Exchange Rate Risk
Authors: Delianedis Gordon , Santa-Clara Pedro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at the effects of exchange rate variability on corporate bond returns, trying to ascertain the extent to which currency risk impacts the borrowing costs of companies. The relevance of this study becomes apparent in the context of European Monetary Union. In fact, one of the benefits of currency unification that has been touted is the reduction of financing costs to European companies, from decreasing exchange rate risk. This chapter examines the likelihood and extent of these potential gains.
The Asset Management Industry in Europe: Competitive Structure and Performance under EMU
Authors: Walter Ingo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The institutional asset management industry is likely to be one of the largest and most dynamic parts of the global financial services sector in the years ahead. As of 1996, the global total of assets under management was estimated at close to US$30 trillion, comprising some US$8.2 trillion in pension fund assets, about US$5.3 trillion in mutual fund assets, US$6.4 trillion in fiduciary assets controlled by insurance companies, and perhaps US$7.5 trillion in offshore private client assets. I Not only will this already massive industry experience an extraordinary rate of growth in comparison with other segments of the financial services sector, but cross-border volume-both regional and global-is likely to take an increasing share of that activity. Much of the action will be centred in Europe, which remains well behind the United States in institutional asset management and where many of the global pension problems reside, even as the rapid growth of performance- oriented managed funds alters the European financial land¬ scape under EMU-including traditional approaches to corporate control.
Triggers of Organizational Learning during the Transformation Process in Central European Countries
Authors: Merkens Hans , Geppert Mike , Antal David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organizational learning during the transformation process experienced in Europe’s former socialist countries has taken place under particularly difficult circumstances. The businesses in those regions have had to adjust to an environment that has been changing dramatically since the early 1990s. Their challenge has been to internalize a new type of organizational behavior in order to operate successfully under unfamiliar, market-based conditions. The purpose of this chapter is to explain what triggers the process of developing radically new behavior or of seeking evolutionary behavioral change when an organization’s environment is in rapid flux. In the following sections both types of change are regarded as organizational learning.
Organizational Learning as Guided Responses to Market Signals
Authors: Stopford John M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recent growth of scholarly interest in the relationship between knowledge flows and strategic management has created a variety of perspectives on how organizations respond to market signals. One perspective is based on the largely implicit assumption that organizations are inert and that organizational learning is not a strongly managed process (see, for example, Hannan and Freeman 1977; Nelson and Winter 1982). In similar vein, scholars such as Lave and Wenger (1991) and Strauss (1978) have explained the flows of knowledge across organizational boundaries in terms of the configuration of ‘communities of practice’-relatively small groups of people who together develop shared values and perspectives that give meaning and purpose to their communal work-within any one organization. Organizations are assumed to respond to market signals in ways that are predetermined by their social construction.
How Organizations Learn from Success and Failure
Authors: Starbuck William H , Hedberg Bo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the effects of successes and failures on organizational learning. The analysis contrasts behavioral and cognitive approaches, illustrating these with an example of technological development by an interorganizational coalition and an example of industry-wide development during a business cycle. Behavioral approaches explain as much behavior as possible without allowing for conscious thought, so learning arises from automatic reactions to performance feedback. Because it is learners’ environments that generate this feedback, environments strongly influence what is learned. One advantage of behavioral approaches is that they can explain how effective learning can occur in spite of learners’ perceptual errors.
Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons
Authors: LaPalombara Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organizational learning derives most of its knowledge from research on organizations in the private sector, particularly from the study of the firm. Its rich interdisciplinary quality is reflected in the range of social sciences that have contributed to the field’s robust development. The contribution from political science, however, has been minimal (reasons are suggested by LaPalombara, Ch. 6 in this volume).
Organizational Learning in International Joint Ventures: The Case of Hungary
Authors: Lyles Marjorie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the downward flow of knowledge and organizational learning from foreign parents to international joint ventures (IJVs) in the context of transitional economies, in particular Hungary. It draws heavily on the research work on Hungarian joint ventures done by Lyles, which includes three data collection periods during the 1990s. Organizational learning is the embodied know-how resulting from absorptive capacity, receptivity of the firm to new knowledge, and the firm’s ability to develop knowledge utilization skills (Cohen and Levinthal 1990; von Krogh, Lyles, Mahnke, and Rogulic 1999). Thus, organizational learning is not only the capabilities of the firm to learn and to acquire knowledge but also the firm’s capabilities to transfer this knowledge into useful skills and end products overtime.
The Nature of Public Management Reform
Authors: Pollitt Christopher , Bouckaert Geert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Public management reform is usually thought of as a means to an end, not an end in itself. To be more precise we should perhaps say that it is potentially a means to multiple ends. These include making savings (economies) in public expenditure, improving the quality of public services, making the operations of government more efficient and increasing the chances that the policies which are chosen and implemented will be effective.
Global Account Management: Linking External Demands with Internal Abilities
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian , Toulan Omar , Arnold David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As was highlighted in Chapter 2, the external linkages of a firm are not simple one-to-one interactions. Rather, each link is composed of multiple individual relationships. While the previous chapter addressed this issue from the point of view of managing supplier relations, the same is true of managing customers. Each customer relationship is composed of multiple con¬ tact points with the vendor, be it with different country or product divisions. This network or web of relationships becomes particularly extensive in the case of multinational firms serving other multinationals. The result is a dispersion of knowledge about the customer amongst a number of individuals in the firm.
in the Medium and Long Run: An 1(2) Analysis of Six Price Indices
Authors: Juselius Katarina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There has recently been an increased interest in the econometric relationship between so called commodity price indices and general price indices, like the CPI and the WPI (see Baillie, 1989; Kugler, 1991; Trivedi, 199.5; Granger and Jeon, 1996; Gallo, Marcellino, and Trivedi, 1997). The economic background for this interest is the assumption that commodity prices should react faster to inflationary signals, for instance originating from changes in money stock, and hence could act as forward indicators of general price inflation.
Partial Pooling: A Possible Answer to “To Pool or Not To Pool”
Authors: Vahid Farshid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a panel discussion on future directions in econometrics Clive Granger expressed the opinion that statisticians and econometricians should pay more attention to methods of extracting information from large panels, given that such panels are becoming increasingly available. In this spirit, the present paper suggests a procedure for classifying linear conditional expectation functions in “medium-sized’’ panels, i.e. panels with a moderately large time dimension, and not too large a cross sectional dimension. We are motivated by regional and sectoral panel studies (such as the 50 states of the United States1 the 18 OECD countries, 20 two digit manufacturing industries, etc.) where. for each region or sector, the parameters of the conditional expectation function of one (dependent) variable given some other (independent) variables are of interest, and regions or sectors are independent enough so that there are no feedbacks from one region or sector to the other, and hence a VAR analysis on the entire panel would not be appropriate.
Introduction: Against the Neutralist ‘Politics’of Political Theory
Authors: Blattberg Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What does it mean to make a good distinction? By this I want to ask not just that all too familiar ‘Where should we draw the line?’ but also ‘What kind of line should we draw?’. That is, should it be straight or indented, rigid or flexible, solid or dotted? These questions are significant because, as I shall argue in this work, how we answer them connects directly to the matter of how, or whether, we think we can combine those things that we have come to consider as distinct. And this is important since, when what we have distinguished is our values or goods-the things that matter to us—and these have come into conflict, then how we deal with such conflicts is a fundamental part of our moral and political lives.
A Critical Review of the Literature on the Management of Corporate Information Infrastructure
Authors: Ciborra Claudio u. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to look at the basic ideas, models, and recipes that the current management literature recommends for the building, implementation, and management of information infrastructures within corporations. The literature stretches from the emerging area of’global information systems’ —the analysis and design of IT systems that support a global enterprise (Ives and Jarvenpaa 1991; Roche 1996; Peppard 1999) —up to the technical and consulting manuals dedicated to the management of corporate computer platforms. Despite such a large spectrum, the fields of global information systems and IT infrastructures are still in their infancy, and therefore offer a rather limited body of models, prescriptions, and case material that may be used as a reference to identify key concepts and approaches. On the whole, as we shall try to show, the literature lacks originality.
Central Control and Local Discretion in China
Authors: Chung Jae Ho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book analyses the decollectivization reform in China during the early 1980s in order to gauge the impact of post-Mao decentralization on central control and provincial discretion. The volume challenges the notion that the decision to decentralize administrative authority ipso facto produces local discretion properly keyed to local conditions. In fact, outcomes often differ from the intended goals. While, generally, local interests and central-local clientilistic networks determine the policy responses of the provinces, bureaucratic careerism also plays a crucial role. In the case of post-Mao decollectivization, national-level analyses suggest that a majority of provinces adopted household farming neither too quickly nor too slowly, since both 'pioneering' and 'resisting' entailed potentially enormous political risks. Once Beijing's preference appeared firmly fixed, however, they all quickly bandwagoned by popularizing the policy as swiftly as possible. Three detailed case studies of Anhui as a pioneer, Shandong as a bandwagoner, and Heilongjiang as a resister further highlight the evolutionary process in which provincial variations came to be replaced by uniform compliance imposed by Beijing. Theoretically, this study contends that the overall scope of local discretion is circumscribed by the dominant norms and incentive relations embedded in the implementation dynamics. Methodologically, the book employs a combination of aggregate analyses and comparative case studies. Empirically, on the basis of newly available materials (including classified documents) and interviews, it challenges the 'peasant-power' school which has somehow allowed local governments to evaporate in its descriptions of post-Mao decollectivization.
Central-Provincial Policy Relations in China: Decentralization Experiences, Bureaucratic Norms, and Post-Mao Changes
Authors: Chung Jae Ho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter, providing an overview of central-provincial policy relations in the People’s Republic of China, consists of four sections. The first critically assesses the decentralization experiences of the Maoist period and argues that neither the devolution of fiscal authority nor the organizational breakdown during the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution expanded the scope of provincial policy discretion due mainly to the selfpolicing power of ideological norms.
The Politics of ‘Bandwagoning’ in Shandong: Uncertainties, Opportunism, and Compliance
Authors: Chung Jae Ho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the ‘bandwagoning’ pattern adopted by a majority of the provinces during the period of decollectivization. These bandwagoners, being uncertain of the centre’s intentions and preferences, had initially opted for a highly ‘cautious stance of wait and see’. Once Beijing’s preference for the household-based systems became crystal clear in late 1982, however, they all quickly bandwagoned to popularize them. on. a province-wide scale, lire pervasiveness of bandwagoning during decollectivization highlights the lingering effects of the Maoist norms and underscores the limited success of the measures of post-Mao administrative decentralization. Such opportunistic behaviour by a majority of the provinces also explains why the level of interprovincial variation in the pace of decollectivization dropped sharply in. 1982 compared to that in 1981. (see Table 3.3).
The Politics of Resistance in Heilongjiang: Issue Linkages, Attentive Leadership, and Tactics of Delayed Implementation
Authors: Chung Jae Ho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most salient characteristic of the decollectivization reform is that a few provinces dared to resist the centre’s preferences in order to protect their endogenous interests. As far as our current understanding of China’s policy processes is concerned, such recalcitrance was very rare in the pre-reform era (the post-1957 period in particular) during which provincial compliance with central policy was generally swift, total, standardized, and largely taken for granted.1 In the context of decollectivization, three north-eastern provinces—Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning—stood out for their slow, deviant, and resistant pattern of implementation. These ‘resister’ provinces provide supporting evidence for the effects of administrative decentralization on expanding the scope of policy discretion at least in a few provinces.
Introduction: Why the Expressive Organization?
Authors: Schultz Majken , Hatch Mary Jo , Larsen Mogens Holten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ideas such as organizational identity, reputation, and corporate branding have been around for a long time. But never before have the interests that promote these ideas within business-the functions of HRM, communication, marketing, strategy, and accounting-been in greater need of one another’s support. For example, if corporate identity is to attract top-level employees to the firm, then potential employees must hear good things about the company from trusted sources. Recruiting brochures are no longer sufficient. Web sites and corporate advertising are equally important, leaving HRM departments increasingly dependent on marketing for their recruiting success. Good corporate advertising does not hurt motivation once employees are inside the firm either.