bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ataxia and nystagmus induced by injection of local anesthetics in the neck
Authors: de Jong Paul T. V. M. , de Jong J. M. B. Vianney , Cohen Bernard , Jongkees Leonard B. W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVertigo, ataxia, and nystagmus were induced in animals and man by injecting local anesthetics into the neck. This presumably interrupted the flow of afferent information from neck muscle and joint receptors. Ataxia in man was associated with a broad‐based, staggering gait; hypotonia of the ipsilateral arm and leg; and a strong sensation of ipsilateral falling or tilting. Nystagmus was stronger in the rabbit and cat than in the monkey and was not induced in man. In the rabbit, section of the cervical roots on one siEN reactivated signs of a previous labyrinthectomy, regardless of the side of operation. Neck‐afferent nystagmus was not dependent on the cerebellum, and the activity responsible for it appeared to ascend ipsilaterally through ventral portions of the cervical spinal cord. The data demonstrate the dependence of neck‐afferent nystagmus on the vestibular system and suggest that in the presence of previous vestibular lesions, neck joint or muscle disorders may be a cause of clinical vertigo, ataxia, or nystagmus.
Axonal transport disturbances in vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Green Louis S. , Donoso J. Alejandro , Heller‐Bettinger Irene E. , Samson Fred E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFast axoplasmic transport of labeled proteins as well as the ultrastructure was studied in the vagus nerves of cats treated chronically with vincristine sulfate (VCR) and in normal nerves exposed in vitro to vincristine. Transport was partially blocked in nerves of some neuropathic cats, and nerves of all neuropathic animals showed a small accelerated transport peak, probably reflecting a reactive or regenerative proces. In vitro, vincristine induced a dose‐related partial blockage of fast axoplasmic transport, with concurrent disappearance of microtubules and appearance of paracrystals.
ACTH and neuromuscular transmission: Electrophysiological in vitro investigation of the effects of corticotropin and an ACTH fragment on neuromuscular transmission
Authors: Birnberger K. L. , Rüdel R. , Struppler A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effects of corticotropin (ACTH) and the polypeptide fragment ACTH 4‐10 on neuromuscular transmission were studied in rat phrenic nerve–diaphragm preparations in vitro. ACTH decreased the quantum content of end‐plate potentials (epps) and increased the transmission failure rate. The frequency of miniature end‐plate potentials (mepps) was increased. The results indicate that ACTH acts directly on the presynaptic terminal. The findings could explain the transient decrease in muscle strength often observed during corticotropin therapy for myasthenia gravis, and they suggest that the therapeutic effect of ACTH is indirectly mediated. The only marked effect produced by the ACTH fragment was an increase in the mepp frequency; quantum content and failure rate of epps remained unchanged. Since ACTH 4‐10 is unable to stimulate cortisone release, its clinical efficacy seems unlikely.
The long‐term prognosis in untreated cerebral aneurysms: I. The incidence of late hemorrhage in cerebral aneurysm: A 10‐year evaluation of 364 patients
Authors: Winn H. Richard , Richardson Alan E. , Jane John A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThree hundred sixty‐four patients who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage from an aneurysm in either the posterior communicating or anterior communicating artery and who were not surgically treated have been followed for up to 21 years in order to determine the frequency of subsequent hemorrhage. For patients surviving six months: (1) rebleeding occurs on the average of 3.5% per year during the first decade; (2) the mortality associated with a late rebleed is 67%; (3) high blood pressure and female sex predispose to late rebleeding in posterior communicating artery aneurysms; (4) young patients take longer to rebleed than older patients but do so at the same rate; and (5) increase in aneurysm size as judged by routine arteriography six months after the initial hemorrhage did not correlate with rebleeding, although an increase in size had occurred in all patients who were studied angiographically at the time of their late rebleed.
Subacute measles encephalitis complicating Hodgkin's disease in an adult
Authors: Wolinsky Jerry S. , Swoveland Peggy , Johnson Kenneth P. , Baringer J. Richard 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA progressive neurological illness characterized by myoclonus, motor and sensory deficits, and lethargy occurred in a patient with Hodgkin's disease and was fatal within two months. A focal inclusion cell encephalitis was demonstrated by immunohistological means to be due to measles virus. Measles encephalitis must be considered a potential opportunistic agent in the immune‐compromised host.
Ethanol and spinal presynaptic inhibition in man
Authors: Ashby Peter , Carlen Peter L. , MacLeod Stuart , Sinha Prakash 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEthanol, 0.65 gm per kilogram of body weight, was administered orally to 6 normal subjects. The mean blood ethanol levels ranged from 0.74 to 0.99 gm per liter over a subsequent 40‐minute testing period. The proportion of the soleus motoneuron pool activated by the Achilles tendon reflex was reduced. Vibratory inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex was used as an estimate of spinal presynaptic inhibition. It was unaffected by ethanol.
The EEG manifestations of chronic ethanol abuse: Relation to cerebral cortical atrophy
Authors: Newman S. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEleven chronic alcoholic patients without other nonneurological or traumatic disease were evaluated by a simultaneous electroencephalogram and computerized axial tomogram. The findings suggested that chronic abusers of approximately 60 years of age or less may have a normal EEG despite the presence of cerebral cortical atrophy or dementia. In alcoholics over 60 years of age, the greater the severity of cerebral cortical atrophy, the greater the slowing in background frequency of the EEG. Voltage diminution and slow‐wave transients also occurred more frequently in the older patients. The incidence of EEG abnormalities was greater than the incidence of CAT scan evidence for cerebral cortical atrophy in alcoholics over 60 years of age with dementia.
Experimental analysis of EMG feedback in treating dystonia
Authors: Bird Bruce L. , Cataldo Michael F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecent clinical reports have suggested that electromyographic feedback offers promise as a palliative therapy for neuromuscular disorders. This study utilized a single‐subject experimental analysis to evaluate the effects of EMG feedback training on a 20‐year‐old man with adult‐onset idiopathic dystonia to achieve control of orofacial dysfunctions. Feedback training produced reductions in levels and variability of tension in facial and forearm muscles, as measured by EMG. Reliable blind observations of facial control indicated that feedback training enabled the patient to produce normal facial relaxation in extraclinical environments.
Neoplastic angioendotheliosis: Ultrastructural study and review of the literature
Authors: Petito Carol K. , Gottlieb Geoffrey J. , Dougherty John H. , Petito Frank A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNeoplastic angioendotheliosis is a rare disorder characterized by progressive multifocal neurological deficit and dementia. The principal pathological findings are multiple infarcts in the brain and spinal cord and the microscopical demonstration of proliferated neoplastic cells, primarily within the lumens of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Vessels of the central nervous system are the most severely affected and appear to be the primary site of neoplastic proliferation. Systemic intravascular and focal extravascular proliferation can also be identified. The endothelial origin of the neoplastic cell with a gradation of changes from normal to neoplastic is demonstrated by the electron microscopical study of involved meningeal vessels. Our patient and those reported in the literature all demonstrate involvement of the central nervous system. In addition, an elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level is present in all patients for whom that information is available, and fever and renal involvement are frequently present. Steroid therapy is generally ineffective. If the disease is suspected clinically, our studies suggest that meningeal biopsy is the diagnostic procedure of choice to help determine whether chemotherapy should be instituted.
Juvenile type of distal and segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities
Authors: Sobue I. , Saito N. , Iida M. , Ando K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSeventy‐one cases of distal and segmental muscular atrophy of the upper extremities with juvenile onset were studied. The clinical features consisted of: juvenile onset, male preponderance, unique distribution of the muscular atrophy in the hand and forearm, tendon reflexes hypoactive in most cases but hyperactive in some, no definite sensory disturbances, no involvement of the cranial nerves, and autonomic nerve disorders in the affected region. There was rapid progression during the 2 to 3 years after onset with a slowly progressive course thereafter. There were no abnormal laboratory findings except for electrophysiological and morphological findings of the affected muscles. The site of lesion was surmised to be from the C5 to T1 spinal segments with intramedullary involvement. The cause is unknown.
Juvenile parkinsonism: A patient with possible primary striatal dysfunction
Authors: Naidu Sakkubai , Wolfson Leslie I. , Sharpless Nansie S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 15‐year‐old boy who initially manifested dystonic features and later developed classic parkinsonism is described. Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid levels were normal or slightly elevated both before and after administration of probenecid. The patient responded favorably to treatment with levodopa and carbidopa. The normal or slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid levels contrast with the low levels usually seen in adult parkinsonian patients. The data on this patient suggest direct neostriatal involvement rather than depletion of neurons of the substantia nigra. Juvenile parkinsonism may have at least two distinct pathological forms, but they have similar clinical features and a similar response to treatment.
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with CNS involvement and thrombosis of a vein of galen malformation
Authors: Waybright E. A. , Selhorst J. B. , Rosenblum W. I. , Suter C. G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA patient is described with the dermatological features of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS), focal seizures, and lateralized neurological signs. CAT scan demonstrated a nonenhanced density in the region of the vein of Galen. Neuropathological examintion showed that this density was a clot within a vein of Galen malformation. Hemangiomas that grossly resembled the skin lesions of BRBNS were seen on the cerebral surface. Many of these hemangiomas were thrombosed and overlay patchy zones of infarction. Numerous vascular malformations of varying histological types were also found within the brain and systemic organs.Bluish, compressible, often raised hemangiomas of the skin should alert physicians to the BRBNS and the potential for vascular malformations to occur within the brain as well as systemic organs. Diagnosis of BRBNS involving the brain may assist in interpretation of radiographic findings. The tendency of these malformations to thrombose may account for focal neurological deficits.
Neurological manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (rendu‐osler‐weber disease): Report of 2 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Román Gustavo , Fisher Marc , Perl Daniel P. , Poser Charles M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTwo cases of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) with neurological involvement are presented. One patient had multiple vascular malformations including telangiectasias of the brain, medulla, and spinal cord and a berry aneurysm of the internal carotid artery; she also had a large cerebellar abscess, presumably reflecting the presence of a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. The second patient had an idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhage.In more than 200 reported patients with HHT involving the nervous system, 61% had lesions secondary to a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (cerebral hypoxemia, paradoxical and septic emboli, and brain abscess). The findings emphasize the need for early surgical correction of such fistulas. In 36% of the patients with neurological involvement and HHT, vascular malformations of the brain and spinal cord were documented, and in 3%, portal‐systemic encephalopathy was noted. Multiple lesions were frequent.HHT should be considered a generalized vascular dysplasia (universal or systemic angiomatosis), and not simply a benign mucocutaneous disease.
Psychiatric disturbances in neurological patients: Detection, recognition, and Hospital Course
Authors: Depaulo J. R. , Folstein M. F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Mini‐Mental State and General Health Questionnaire were used to detect cognitive defects and emotional disturbances, respectively, in 126 consecutively admitted neurological patients. The Mini‐Mental State was revalidated in this sample as a measure related to cerebral disorder. Sixty‐seven percent of the patients tested had cognitive defect, emotional disturbance, or both. Thirty percent of the patients with psychiatric disturbance were not recognized by their physician. The majority of psychiatric disturbances persisted at the time of discharge.Since psychiatric disturbances are common among neurological inpatients and are frequently unrecognized, further evaluation of the psychiatric training of neurologists is needed. Simple screening tests may help to increase the recognition of psychiatric disturbance. It is concluded that the Board requirement for neurologists to know psychiatry accurately reflects “the nature of their case material.”
A Behavioral analysis of complete unilateral section of the pyramidal tract at the medullary level in macaca mulatta
Authors: Schwartzman Robert Jay 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTen Macaca mulatta monkeys were operantly conditioned to perform three motor paradigms designed to evaluate single and combination finger movements. Eight of these monkeys were retested after left medullary pyramidotomy; 2 monkeys underwent left medullary pyramidotomy prior to conditioning. All animals were tested for three years after operation. Monkeys with a completely sectioned medullary pyramid could, with time, perform difficult motor paradigms that required: (1) both individual and combination finger movements; (2) proximal upper extremity motor control; (3) thumb and index finger pincer grasp; and (4) the ability to preprogram and then execute a precision hand movement. The greater the extent of pyramidal tract destruction, the longer the time necessary for recovery of both discrete finger movement and pincer grasp, the greater the effort needed to attain recovery of hand function, and the weaker the affected musculature. The 2 animals in which pyramidotomy of at least 70% of the tract preceded efforts at operant conditioning learned and performed difficult motor paradigms. In all animals, neurological examination revealed that the most enduring and functionally most important deficit that interferes with hand function following pyramidotomy is loss of contactual hand orienting responses and failure of reflex sensorimotor adjustments.
Brain dopamine receptor stimulation and the relief of parkinsonism: Relationship between bromocriptine and levodopa
Authors: Rinne U. K. , Marttila R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe relationship between brain dopamine receptor stimulation by bromocriptine or levodopa and the relief of parkinsonism was studied in 24 patients with Parkinson disease. Bromocriptine, 30 mg daily for 20 weeks, elicited an improvement in the parkinsonian clinical features, but this was less than the subsequent improvement with levodopa and benserazide, 800 mg and 200 mg daily, respectively. There was a negative correlation between the pretreatment severity of the disease or changes in cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid (HVA) and improvement in parkinsonian disability during bromocriptine treatment. Furthermore, it was found that clinical improvement and HVA responses in the cerebrospinal fluid after dopamine receptor stimulation by bromocriptine may predict the clinical response to levodopa.
Multiple small cavernous angiomas of the brain with increased intracranial pressure
Authors: Tindall Richard S. A. , Kirkpatrick Joel B. , Sklar Fred 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSmall vascular malformations of the central nervous system are generally considered cryptic, or silent, because they are an incidental but frequent finding at autopsy. When they are symptomatic, these malformations have been associated with intracranial hemorrhage or seizures. The patient reported here had multiple small cavernous angiomas associated with a syndrome resembling pseudotumor cerebri. The increased intracranial pressure apparently was produced by multifocal areas of cerebral edema without associated hydrocephalus.
Bell's palsy and secondary syphilis: CSF spirochetes detected by immunofluorescence
Authors: Davis Larry E. , Sperry Sally 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAlthough Bell's palsy is usually idiopathic, occasional cases may have an identifiable infectious cause. When facial paralysis results from syphilis, it usually develops during the tertiary meningovascular stage. We report a 30‐year‐old man with secondary syphilis who developed facial paralysis associated with acute syphilitic meningitis. Spirochetes were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid by immunofluorescence using standard reagents from the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA‐ABS) test. Patients with Bell's palsy should be screened for syphilis with a blood FTA‐ABS test, and treatment with corticosteroids should be considered only after an infectious cause has been excluded.
Progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation
Authors: Ouvrier Robert A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThree children, 2 of them siblings, developed a progressive dystonic condition in the first decade of life. The symptoms and signs were milder in the mornings or after a daytime nap but worsened greatly later in the day. One patient became unable to walk by evening. Investigations in 2 patients revealed a reduced concentration of cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. The 2 more severely affected patients showed dramatic and sustained improvement with levodopa therapy. The condition bears a clinical resemblance to some reported cases of juvenile Parkinson's disease but is probably a separate disorder.
Destruction of the internal sagittal stratum and normal smooth pursuit
Authors: Sharpe James A. , Deck John H. N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAnalysis of smooth pursuit by infrared oculography showed normal horizontal smooth eye movement gain in a patient with a unilateral parietooccipital hematoma that involved the internal sagittal stratum and the adjacent tapetum and visual radiation. Normal pursuit toward the lesion is attributed to commissural transfer of visual information from the normal cerebral hemisphere to the intact extrastriate cortex of the visually deprived hemisphere. This pathophysiological correlation indicates that the occipitomesencephalic projections of the internal sagittal stratum and the peristriate interhemispheric connections of the tapetum are not necessary for smooth pursuit system function.
The L‐dopa on‐off effect in parkinson disease: Treatment by transient drug withdrawal and dopamine receptor resensitization
Authors: Direnfeld L. , Spero L. , Marotta J. , Seeman P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIt has been suggested that patients with Parkinson disease partially compensate for neuron loss by developing denervation supersensitivity, and, if so, that prolonged levodopa (L‐dopa) therapy might lead to desensitization. As a preliminary test of this hypothesis, and in order to study whether it was possible to “resensitize” a patient who had already presumbly been desensitized by previous L‐dopa therapy, a patient who had become unpredictably responsive to L‐dopa was investigated.The patient had been taking L‐dopa for eight years and had exhibited severe dyskinesia‐akinesia oscillation (“on‐off” phenomenon) before the study. There was no consistent response to his hourly doses of Prolopa (L‐dopa and benserazide in a 4:1 ratio). He was first lowered, over 33 days, to 20% of his original Prolopa dose. The dosage was then increased until a consistent response were observed. The three main results achieved were, first, overall reduction by 64% of the daily requirement for L‐dopa; second, conversion from a previously unpredictable to a predictable response to each dose of L‐dopa; and, third, change in his movement fluctuations to a pattern more typical of “end‐of‐dose” akinesia than the “on‐off” phenomenon. The results support the idea of dopamine receptor resensitization upon reduction of the L‐dopa dosage.
Inhibition of the evoked release of acetylcholine by the porphyrin precursor δ‐aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Bornstein Joel C. , Pickett Jackson B. , Diamond Ivan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effects of δ‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on neuromuscular transmission were studied. High concentrations (0.6 to 18 mM) of ALA caused significant reductions in the amplitudes of curarized end‐plate potentials (epps). Changing the ratio of calcium to magnesium in the bathing solution allowed the quantal content of the epps to be directly measured. Under these conditions, ALA reduced the quantal content of epps without affecting the depolarization produced by a single quantum of acetylcholine. It was concluded that ALA, in high concentrations, inhibits the release of acetylcholine evoked by a nerve impulse but is unlikely to be the cause of the neurological defects of acute porphyria.
Pheochromocytoma causing exercise‐related headache and pulmonary edema
Authors: Paulson George W. , Zipf Robert E. , Beekman Jerome F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 13‐year‐old hypertensive girl with a history of severe headaches following exercise developed circulatory collapse after “squat jumps.” Pulmonary edema was present without evidence of a cerebral mass. The patient died with increased intrased intracranial pressure despite decompressive craniectomy. Neuropathological evaluation revealed diffuse cerebral edema and a pheochromocytoma in the right adrenal gland. Examination of urine revealed elevation of vanillylmandelic acid levels.
Metabolism of dimethoxymethyl phenobarbital (Eterobarb) in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Goldberg Mark A. , Gal Joseph , Cho Arthur K. , Jenden Donald J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe metabolism of dimethoxymethyl phenobarbital (DMMP) was investigated in 6 epileptic patients using deuterium‐labeled drug measured by integrated gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Following an oral dose of 120 mg, none of the parent compound appeared in serum, urine, or saliva in spite of a measurement sensitivity of less than 0.05 nmol/ml. A metabolite, monomethoxymethyl phenobarbital (MMP), was detected in all patients, with peak serum concentrations averaging 1.96 nmol/ml at 1.3 hours. Phenobarbital was the major metabolite detected, and it reached peak levels in 6 to 12 hours. Two of the patients were continued on DMMP therapy for several months and then administered a pulse dose of deuterated drug. Again no DMMP was detectable. Steady‐state drug administration had no effect on the kinetics of metabolism of either MMP or phenobarbital although peak serum concentrations were lower for both metabolites. In the urine of 5 patients an unidentified labeled fragment was detected that does not appear in urine from patients taking phenobarbital. From these pharmacokinetic studies it appears likely that the anticonvulsant activity of DMMP results from its metabolic conversion to phenobarbital.