bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(RE-)AIMing for Rapid Uptake
Authors: Heavey Sarah Cercone , Beehler Gregory P. , Funderburk Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is an effective, evidence-based treatment, but significant gaps in implementation remain. We evaluate one novel approach to address this gap: a Hub and Spoke model to increase buprenorphine access and management.

Methods:
This outcome evaluation was guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework using secondary data analysis of clinical and administrative data to characterize program outcomes for program Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, and Maintenance. Implementation was assessed through a chart review of provider progress notes and through key informant interviews with program staff to understand why this site was able to introduce a novel approach to MOUD.

Results:
Nearly half of patients with opioid use disorder (45.48%, n=156) were reached by the program over 2 years. Of those, 91.67% had 1 or more program visits after an initial intake appointment, and 78.85% had a buprenorphine prescription. Patients in the program were 2.44 times more likely to have a buprenorphine prescription than those in comparator site that did not have a Hub and Spoke program (95% CI: 1.77–3.37; P<0.001). There was significantly greater program reach in year 1 than year 2, suggesting rapid initial uptake followed by modest program growth. Key informant interviews illustrated several themes regrading program implementation, including the importance of process champions, the beneficial impact of MOUD for patients, and addressing facility performance metrics. A supportive organizational culture and a receptive climate were also key factors for implementation.

Conclusions:
This program led to rapid improvement in MOUD uptake across the facility. Future efforts should focus on improving program maintenance, including supporting the exchange of patients from the hub to appropriate spokes.
Neuroimaging to guide neuroprognostication in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Christensen Rhandi , de Vries Linda S. , Cizmeci Mehmet N. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Neurological problems are common in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Various neuroimaging modalities are available for neonatal brain imaging and are selected based on presenting problem, timing and patient stability.

Recent findings
Neuroimaging findings, taken together with clinical factors and serial neurological examination can be used to predict future neurodevelopmental outcomes. In this narrative review, we discuss neonatal neuroimaging modalities, and how these can be optimally utilized to assess infants in the NICU. We will review common patterns of brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, perinatal arterial ischemic stroke and preterm brain injury.

Summary
Timely and accurate neuroprognostication can identify infants at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment and allow for early intervention and targeted therapies to improve outcomes.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following the COVID-19 Vaccine Sinopharm in low- and middle-income country: a case report
Authors: Shrestha Abhigan B. , Mokbul Mobin I. , Chowdhury Tonmoy , Shrestha Shubham , Shrestha Sajina , Raut Rupesh , Nuruzzaman Md. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and various vaccines against it have been developed. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a disease of the central nervous system that cause inflammation and demyelination and manifests as a multi-symptom acute neurological condition. Although infections are usually the cause of ADEM, vaccines may cause 5–10% of cases.

Case presentation:
A 40-year-old woman had received a second dose of the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine 4 months before her visit and experienced sudden gait imbalance and vertigo a day after her vaccination, which lasted for more than a month. On examination, no signs of skin bruising or bleeding were observed, and her vital signs were within the normal range. On neurological assessment, the patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14/15 (E4V5M5), had normal pupil size and light reaction, normal fundus, normal deep tendon reflexes and bilateral extensor plantar response. Meningeal symptoms were absent, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests using NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) were negative. Development of central nervous system (CNS) manifestations during the recovery phase of fever, along with typical MRI findings; the diagnosis of para-infectious ADEM with COVID-19 vaccination was made. After the treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate injection, the patient showed improvement.

Clinical discussion:
ADEM associated with post-vaccinations is a rare condition. There has been growing evidence that shared epitopes between neuronal proteins and SARS-CoV-2 antigens may trigger autoimmune reactions against the CNS through molecular mimicry as its pathogenesis.

Conclusion:
We suggest the need for a strict vaccine safety monitoring system and post-vaccine monitoring and surveillance.
Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Versus Energy-Integrating Detector Computed Tomography for Coronary Artery Calcium Quantitation
Authors: McCollough Cynthia H. , Winfree Tim N. , Melka Elnata F. , Rajendran Kishore , Carter Rickey E. , Leng Shuai 
Published: October 2023

Objectives
Photon-counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) offers improved spatial and contrast resolution, which can impact quantitative measurements. This work aims to determine in human subjects the effect of dual-source PCD-CT on the quantitation of coronary artery calcification (CAC) compared with dual-source energy-integrating detector (EID) CT in both 1- and 3-mm images.

Methods
This prospective study enrolled patients receiving a clinical EID-CT CAC examination to undergo a research PCD-CT CAC examination. Axial images were reconstructed with a 512 × 512 matrix, 200-mm field of view, 3-mm section thickness/1.5-mm interval using a quantitative kernel (Qr36). Sharper kernels (Qr56/QIR strength 4 for PCD and Qr49/ADMIRE strength 5 for EID) were used to reconstruct images with 1-mm section thickness/0.5-mm interval. Pooled analysis was performed for all calcifications with nonzero values, and volume and Agatston scores were compared between EID-CT and PCD-CT. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
In 21 subjects (median age, 58 years; range, 50–75 years; 13 male [62%]) with a total of 42 calcified arteries detected at 3 mm and 46 calcified arteries at 1-mm images, EID-CT CAC volume and Agatston scores were significantly lower than those of PCD-CT (P ≤ 0.001). At 3-mm thickness, the mean (standard deviation) volume and Agatston score for EID-CT were 55.5 (63.4) mm3 and 63.8 (76.9), respectively, and 61.5 (69.4) mm3 and 70.4 (85.3) for PCD-CT (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0013). At 1-mm thickness, the mean (standard deviation) volume and score for EID-CT were 50.0 (56.3) mm3 and 61.1 (69.3), respectively, and 59.5 (63.9) mm3 and 72.5 (79.9) for PCD-CT (P < 0.0001 for both). The applied radiation dose (volume CT dose index) for the PCD-CT scan was 2.1 ± 0.6 mGy, which was 13% lower than for the EID-CT scan (2.4 ± 0.7 mGy, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Relative to EID-CT, PCD-CT demonstrated a small but significant increase in coronary artery calcium volume and Agatston score.
Hyperphosphatemia-Related False-Positive 99mTc-Pyrophosphate Myocardial Scan: A Case Report With Endomyocardial Biopsy Result
Authors: Hu Lien-Hsin , Kuo Yu , Chang Fu-Pang , Wang Wei-Ting , Yang Bang-Hung , Huang Wen-Sheng , Wang Yuh-Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With documented high specificity, 99mTc-pyrophosphate (PYP) scan enables the diagnosis of transthyretin cardiomyopathy to be made reliably without endomyocardial biopsy in patients who do not have monoclonal gammopathy. We report a case with extensive myocardial uptake of Perugini 3 score in the 3-hour 99mTc-PYP myocardial SPECT that suggested transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. However, a followed endomyocardial biopsy revealed no amyloid deposition. In this case, hyperphosphatemia was the most likely and presumptive cause of the false-positive 99mTc-PYP scan. With this case, our experiences of the potential causes of false-positive results of 99mTc-PYP are further expanded.
Image-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology for BRCA Mutation Assessment of PSMA-Positive Lymph Node Metastases in a Patient With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Werner Anke , Seifert Philipp , Theis Bernhard , Freesmeyer Martin , Leder Theresa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A 64-year-old man with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer presented for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT in preparation for 177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy. For precedent BRCA mutation assessment, fine-needle aspiration cytology of 2 PSMA-positive lymph node metastases was conducted. The acquired material was suitable for next-generation sequencing-based gene panel diagnostics and did not show a BRCA1/2 mutation, thus PSMA radioligand therapy was initiated. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of lymph node metastases may be a viable option in evaluating further therapeutic alternatives.
False-Positive 131I Uptake After Posttraumatic Scab in a Patient With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhou Pingping , Su Xinhui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A 41-year-old woman with right papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent 131I therapy (3.7 GBq). Posttherapy whole-body scintigraphy acquired 2 days later revealed a focus of intense activity in the anterior aspect of the left knee. The activity corresponding to the posttraumatic scab. Posttraumatic scab should be considerable a cause of false-positive whole-body scintigraphy findings.
Abnormal Cerebral FDG Accumulation in Acute Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhages Due to Different Mechanisms
Authors: Chow Tsz-Kit , Chiu Ka-Lun , Chan Chun-Ho , Ma Wai-Han 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after acute intracranial hemorrhage have been rarely described. We present a patient with abnormal cerebral FDG accumulation in acute intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages due to different mechanisms on FDG PET/CT. The patient received conservative management and died 2 months later. This case demonstrated the different mechanisms of cerebral FDG accumulation in different types of intracranial hemorrhage, which may be helpful for future research to optimize patient care.
Transverse–Sigmoid Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Concurrent With Bilateral Venous Sinus Occlusion
Authors: Kang Ningyu , Wang Fei , Xue Yan , Wei Haijian 
Published: October 2023

Background and significance:
Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a relatively rare type of cerebrovascular malformation with unknown pathogenesis. Here, the authors report a patient with DAVF in the left transverse–sigmoid sinus (Cognard type III) combined with occlusions of the left sigmoid sinus and right transverse sinus. The authors describe and discuss their successful treatment approach, with the aim to improve the management of this rare disorder.

Case presentation:
A 59-year-old man presented with dizziness, headache, vomiting, and unsteady gait. His digital subtraction angiography evaluation indicated DAVF in the left transverse–sigmoid sinus (Cognard type III) combined with occlusions of the distal 1/3 of the left sigmoid sinus and the proximal one-third of the right transverse sinus. After balloon angioplasty and stenting, blood flow was restored in the occluded sinuses. The DAVF was treated by embolization. The patient had a satisfactory recovery with significantly improved clinical symptoms.

Conclusion:
In patients with transverse–sigmoid sinus DAVF, satisfactory venous reflux should be ensured. In patients with concurrent DAVF and sinus stenosis or occlusion, it is important to reestablish antegrade venous blood flow first. It is feasible and safe to simultaneously embolize DAVF after the venous reflux can be reestablished.
Mesorhizobium liriopis sp. nov., isolated from the fermented fruit of Liriope platyphylla a medicinal plant
Authors: Kim Inhyup , Chhetri Geeta , So Yoonseop , Park Sunho , Jung Yonghee , Woo Haejin , Seo Taegun 
Published: October 2023

A facultative anaerobic and Gram-negative strain, designated RP14T, was isolated from the fruit of Liriope platyphylla fermented for 60 days at 25°C. Strain RP14T showed 98.0 % 16S rRNA similarity to

Mesorhizobium huakuii

IFO 15243T, but in the phylogenetic tree,

Mesorhizobium terrae

NIBRBAC000500504T was its closest neighbour. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain RP14T and 15 genomes of type strains of

Mesorhizobium

, were 73.8–74.4% and 16.4–20.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the recommended thresholds for species delineation. The strain grew at 25–32°C (optimum, 28°C), at pH 7.0–12.0 (optimum, pH 9.0) and with 0–2% NaCl (optimum, 0 %; w/v). Cells of strain RP14T were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped and formed yellow-coloured colonies. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acid were C16 : 0, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c). The DNA G+C content was 62.8 mol%. Based on polyphasic evidence, we propose Mesorhizobium liriopis sp. nov as a novel species within the genus Mesorhizobium. The type strain is RP14T (=KACC 22720T=TBRC 16341T).
Immunologic changes are detectable in the peripheral blood transcriptome of clinically asymptomatic Chagas cardiomyopathy patients
Authors: Duque Carolina , So Jaime , Castro-Sesquen Yagahira E. , DeToy Kelly , Guarnizo Sneider A. Gutierrez , Jahanbakhsh Fatemeh , Machaca Edith Malaga , Miranda-Schaeubinger Monica , Chakravarti Indira , Cooper Virginia , Schmidt Mary E. , Adamo Luigi , Marcus Rachel , Talaat Kawsar R. , Gilman Robert H. , Mugnier Monica R. ,   the Chagas Working Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractChagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected parasitic disease that affects approximately 6 million individuals worldwide. Of those infected, 20-30% will go on to develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), and ultimately many of these individuals will progress to advanced heart failure. The mechanism by which this progression occurs is poorly understood, as few studies have focused on early CCC. In this study, we sought to understand the physiologic changes associated withT. cruziinfection and the development of CCC. We analyzed gene expression in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic Chagas patients with early structural heart disease, Chagas patients without any signs or symptoms of disease, and Chagas-negative patients with and without early structural heart disease. Our analysis shows that early CCC was associated with a downregulation of various peripheral immune response genes, with gene expression changes suggestive of reduced antigen presentation and T cell activation. Notably, these genes and processes were distinct from those of early cardiomyopathy in Chagas-negative patients, suggesting that the processes mediating CCC may be unique from those mediating progression to other cardiomyopathies. This work highlights the importance of the immune response in early CCC, providing insight into the early pathogenesis of this disease. The changes we have identified may serve as biomarkers of progression and could inform strategies for the treatment of CCC in its early stages, before significant cardiac damage has occurred.
MOIRE: A software package for the estimation of allele frequencies and effective multiplicity of infection from polyallelic data
Authors: Murphy Maxwell , Greenhouse Bryan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivationMalaria parasite genetic data can provide insight into parasite phenotypes, evolution, and transmission. However, estimating key parameters such as allele frequencies, multiplicity of infection (MOI), and within-host relatedness from genetic data is challenging, particularly in the presence of multiple related coinfecting strains. Existing methods often rely on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and do not account for within-host relatedness.ResultsWe present MOIRE (Multiplicity Of Infection and allele frequency REcovery), a Bayesian approach to estimate allele frequencies, MOI, and within-host relatedness from genetic data subject to experimental error. MOIRE accommodates both polyallelic and SNP data, making it applicable to diverse genotyping panels. We also introduce a novel metric, the effective MOI (eMOI), which integrates MOI and within-host relatedness, providing a robust and interpretable measure of genetic diversity. Extensive simulations and real-world data from a malaria study in Namibia demonstrate the superior performance of MOIRE over naive estimation methods, accurately estimating MOI up to 7 with moderate sized panels of diverse loci (e.g. microhaplotypes). MOIRE also revealed substantial heterogeneity in population mean MOI and mean relatedness across health districts in Namibia, suggesting detectable differences in transmission dynamics. Notably, eMOI emerges as a portable metric of within-host diversity, facilitating meaningful comparisons across settings when allele frequencies or genotyping panels differ. Compared to existing software, MOIRE enables more comprehensive insights into within-host diversity and population structure.AvailabilityMOIRE is available as an R package athttps://eppicenter.github.io/moire/.Contactmm@maxmurphy.devSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
From smartphone data to clinically relevant predictions: A systematic review of digital phenotyping methods in depression
Authors: Leaning Imogen E. , Ikani Nessa , Savage Hannah S. , Leow Alex , Beckmann Christian , Ruhé Henricus G. , Marquand Andre F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmartphone-based digital phenotyping enables potentially clinically relevant information to be collected as individuals go about their day. This could improve monitoring and interventions for people with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate current digital phenotyping features and methods used in MDD.MethodsWe searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science (10/11/2023) for articles including: (1) MDD population, (2) smartphone-based features, (3) validated ratings. Risk of bias was assessed using several sources. Studies were compared within analysis goals (correlating features with depression, predicting symptom severity, diagnosis, mood state/episode, other). Twenty-four studies (9801 participants) were included.ResultsStudies achieved moderate performance. Common themes included challenges from complex and missing data (leading to a risk of bias), and a lack of external validation.DiscussionStudies made progress towards relating digital phenotypes to clinical variables, often focusing on time-averaged features. Methods investigating temporal dynamics more directly may be beneficial for patient monitoring.European Research Council consolidator grant: 101001118, Prospero: CRD42022346264, Open Science Framework:https://osf.io/s7ay4
18F-FDG PET/CT characteristics of IASLC grade 3 invasive adenocarcinoma and the value of18F-FDG PET/CT for preoperative prediction
Authors: Yang Hanyun , Liu Xinran , Wang Lijuan , Zhou Wenlan , Tian Ying , Dong Ye , Zhou Kemin , Chen Li , Wang Meng , Wu Hubing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study is performed to investigate the imaging characteristics of the International Association for the study of lung cancer (IASLC) grade 3 invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) on PET/CT and the value of PET/CT for preoperative predicting this tumor.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled patients with IAC from August 2015 to September 2022. The clinical characteristics, serum tumor markers, and PET/CT features were analyzed. T test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2test, Logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to predict grade 3 tumor and evaluate the prediction effectiveness.ResultsGrade 3 tumors had a significantly higher maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (P< 0.001), while Grade 1 - 2 tumors were prone to present with air bronchogram sign or vacuole sign (P< 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only SUVmax(OR = 1.137; 95% CI: 1.037, 1.247;P< 0.05) and air bronchogram sign or vacuole sign (OR = 0.225; 95% CI: 0.088, 0.572;P< 0.05) were independent predictors for Grade 3 tumors. The established prediction formula for Grade 3 tumors was P = one / [one + EXP (1.112 - 0.187 × SUVmax+ 1.395 × air bronchogram sign or vacuole sign)], which generated a high AUC (0.825) and negative predictive value (0.924), respectively.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that grade 3 IAC has a unique PET/CT imaging feature. The prediction model established with SUVmaxand air bronchogram sign or vacuole sign can effectively predict grade 3 tumors before the operation.
Auditory evoked-potential abnormalities in a mouse model of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and their interactions with hearing impairment
Authors: Lu Chen , Linden Jennifer F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion is a risk factor for multiple psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and also increases vulnerability to middle-ear problems that can cause hearing impairment. Up to 60% of deletion carriers experience hearing impairment and ∼30% develop schizophrenia in adulthood. It is not known if these risks interact. Here we used theDf1/+mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion to investigate how hearing impairment might interact with increased genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disease to affect brain function. We measured brain function using cortical auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), which are commonly measured non-invasively in humans. After identifying one of the simplest and best-validated methods for AEP measurement in mice from the diversity of previous approaches, we measured peripheral hearing sensitivity and cortical AEPs inDf1/+mice and their WT littermates. We exploited large inter-individual variation in hearing ability amongDf1/+mice to distinguish effects of genetic background from effects of hearing impairment. Central auditory gain and adaptation were quantified by comparing brainstem activity and cortical AEPs and by analyzing the growth of cortical AEPs with increasing sound level or inter-tone interval duration. We found distinctive measures of central auditory gain or adaptation that were abnormal inDf1/+mice regardless of hearing impairment, and other measures that were abnormal only inDf1/+mice with or without hearing impairment. Our data identify potential biomarkers for auditory brain dysfunction in psychiatric disease and illustrate that central auditory abnormalities in 22q11.2DS are a function of both genotype and hearing phenotype.