bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scatter of journals and literature obsolescence reflected in document delivery requests
Authors: Tonta Yaşar , Ünal Yurdagül 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the scattering of journals and literature obsolescence reflected in more than 137,000 document delivery requests submitted to a national document delivery service. We first summarize the major findings of the study with regards to the performance of the service. We then identify the “core” journals from which article requests were satisfied and address the following research questions: (a) Does the distribution of (core) journals conform to the Bradford's Law of Scattering? (b) Is there a relationship between usage of journals and impact factors, journals with high impact factors being used more often than the rest? (c) Is there a relationship between usage of journals and total citation counts, journals with high total citation counts being used more often than the rest? (d) What is the median age of use (half‐life) of requested articles in general? (e) Do requested articles that appear in core journals get obsolete more slowly? (f) Is there a relationship between obsolescence and journal impact factors, journals with high impact factors being obsolete more slowly? (g) Is there a relationship between obsolescence and total citation counts, journals with high total citation counts being obsolete more slowly? Based on the analysis of findings, we found that the distribution of highly and moderately used journal titles conform to Bradford's Law. The median age of use was 8 years for all requested articles. Ninety percent of the articles requested were 21 years of age or younger. Articles that appeared in 168 core journal titles seem to get obsolete slightly more slowly than those of all titles. We observed no statistically significant correlations between the frequency of journal use and ISI journal impact factors, and between the frequency of journal use and ISI‐ (Institute for Scientific Information, Philadelphia, PA) cited half‐lives for the most heavily used 168 core journal titles. There was a weak correlation between usage of journals and ISI‐reported total citation counts. No statistically significant relationship was found between median age of use and journal impact factors and between median age of use and total citation counts. There was a weak negative correlation between ISI journal impact factors and cited half‐lives of 168 core journals, and a weak correlation between ISI citation half‐lives and use half‐lives of core journals. No correlation was found between cited half‐lives of 168 core journals and their corresponding total citation counts as reported by ISI. Findings of the current study are discussed along with those of other studies.
Trust‐based secure information sharing between federal government agencies
Authors: Liu Peng , Chetal Amit 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe September 11 attack and the following investigations show that there is a serious information sharing problem among the relevant federal government agencies, and the problem can cause substantial deficiencies in terrorism attack detection. In this paper we provide a systematic analysis of the causes of this problem; and conclude that existing secure information sharing technologies and protocols cannot provide enough incentives for government agencies to share information with each other without worrying that their own interests can be jeopardized. Although trust‐based information access is well studied in the literature, the existing trust models, which are based on certified attributes, cannot support effective information sharing among government agencies, which requires an interest‐based trust model. To solve this information sharing problem, we propose an innovative interest‐based trust model and a novel information sharing protocol, where a family of information sharing policies are integrated, and information exchange and trust negotiation are interleaved with and interdependent upon each other. In addition, an implementation of this protocol is presented using the emerging technology of XML Web Services. The implementation is totally compatible with the Federal Enterprise Architecture reference models and can be directly integrated into existing E‐Government systems.
Exploring the Active‐Site of a Rationally Redesigned Lipase for Catalysis of Michael‐Type Additions
Authors: Carlqvist Peter , Svedendahl Maria , Branneby Cecilia , Hult Karl , Brinck Tore , Berglund Per 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMichael‐type additions of various thiols and α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds were performed in organic solvent catalyzed by wild‐type and a rationally redesigned mutant of Candida antarctica lipase B. The mutant lacks the nucleophilic serine 105 in the active‐site; this results in a changed catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. The possibility of utilizing this mutant for Michael‐type additions was initially explored by quantum‐chemical calculations on the reaction between acrolein and methanethiol in a model system. The model system was constructed on the basis of docking and molecular‐dynamics simulations and was designed to simulate the catalytic properties of the active site. The catalytic system was explored experimentally with a range of different substrates. The kcat values were found to be in the range of 10−3 to 4 min−1, similar to the values obtained with aldolase antibodies. The enzyme proficiency was 107. Furthermore, the Michael‐type reactions followed saturation kinetics and were confirmed to take place in the enzyme active site.
Metallophilicity versus π–π Interactions: Ligand‐Unsupported Argentophilicity/Cuprophilicity in Oligomers‐of‐Dimers [M2L2]n (M=CuI or AgI, L=tridentate ligand)
Authors: Zhang Jie‐Peng , Wang Yi‐Bo , Huang Xiao‐Chun , Lin Yan‐Yong , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTo verify whether attractive metallophilic interactions exist in the dimer‐of‐dimers [Cu2(ophen)2]2 (Hophen=1H‐[1,10]phenanthrolin‐2‐one) (1), we designed and synthesized a series of such [M2L2]2 structures by varying the d10 metal and/or the ligand (M=CuI or AgI, L=ophen or obpy; Hobpy=1H‐[2,2′]bipyridinyl‐6‐one), and have successfully obtained three dimers‐of‐dimers: [Ag2(ophen)2]2⋅6 H2O (2), [Cu2(obpy)2]2 (3), and [Ag2(obpy)2]2⋅4.5 H2O⋅0.5 DMF (4). X‐ray analyses of these structures show that interdimer MM separations in [Ag2(ophen)2]2 (3.199 Å) are remarkably shorter than those in [Cu2(ophen)2]2 (3.595 Å). Shorter interdimer MM separations are found in the structures of [M2(obpy)2]2 (2.986 and 2.993 Å in [Cu2(obpy)2]2, 3.037 to 3.093 Å in [Ag2(obpy)2]2), in which the π systems are smaller than in the complexes with the ophen ligand. Detailed structural comparison of these dimers‐of‐dimers indicates that the interdimer, face‐to‐face π–π interactions repulse rather than support the interdimer metal–metal attractive interactions. This study also yields qualitative comparison of the strengths between argentophilic, cuprophilic, and face‐to‐face π–π interactions. DFT calculations on the four dimers‐of‐dimers further support the above deduction. The structure of a trimer‐of‐dimers [Ag2(obpy)2]3 (AgAg 3.171 to 3.274 Å) is further evidence that the oligomerization of the [M2L2] molecules is favored by stronger metallophilic and weaker face‐to‐face π–π interactions.
Molecular characterization and developmental expression pattern of the chicken apolipoprotein D gene: Implications for the evolution of vertebrate lipocalins
Authors: Ganfornina María D. , Sánchez Diego , Pagano Aldo , Tonachini Laura , Descalzi‐Cancedda Fiorella , Martínez Salvador 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe insect Lazarillo and the mammalian apolipoprotein D (ApoD) are orthologous members of the lipocalin protein family. We report the cloning and embryonic expression of chicken ApoD, the first molecularly characterized nonmammalian ApoD. We also report the ApoD expression in mouse during postnatal development and some novel aspects of the expression of the paralogous lipocalin prostaglandin D‐synthase (PGDS) and discuss these results in view of the lipocalin family evolution in vertebrates. ApoD is expressed in subsets of central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glia during late chicken embryogenesis. Contrary to mouse ApoD, no expression appears in neural crest‐derived cephalic mesenchyme and blood vessel pericytes. Also, ApoD is expressed in developing chicken feathers. These expressions are corroborated by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction profiles. ApoD is expressed during mouse postnatal development in a subset of CNS neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but also in meninges and pericytes. Chicken PGDS is expressed in brain meninges and perivascular cells. Our results suggest that the amniote last common ancestor expressed ApoD and PGDS in the brain during embryogenesis. ApoD appears restricted to ectodermal derivatives, whereas PGDS is expressed by derivatives of the three germ layers. Developmental Dynamics 232:191–199, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal development of the intercostal muscles and the rib cage inMyf5−/− embryos leads to pulmonary hypoplasia
Authors: Inanlou Mohammad Reza , Kablar Boris 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate the importance of pulmonary distension and fetal breathing‐like movements executed by the contractile activity of the intercostal respiratory muscles for proper lung growth and maturation. Lung development inMyf5−/−embryos, lacking the rib cage and functional intercostal musculature, was compared with wild‐type controls at embryonic days 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5. Our data revealed thatMyf5−/−embryos suffered from pulmonary hypoplasia in part due to the decreased number of proliferating lung cells and in part due to the increased number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) ‐positive cells. In addition, the proximal‐to‐distal expression gradient of thyroid transcription factor‐1 observed in wild‐type embryos was not maintained inMyf5−/−embryos. The number of lung cells expressing platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB, its receptor and insulin growth factor‐I was significantly decreased in the hypoplastic lung. By contrast, no difference in the expression pattern of surfactant associated proteins or Clara cells marker was detected between wild‐type andMyf5−/−embryos. Collectively, our data suggest that the mechanochemical signal transduction pathway used in vitro is also effective in vivo influencing lung growth but not lung cell maturation and resulting in lung hypoplasia. These data affirm the role of fetal breathing‐like movements in lung organogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 232:43–54, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase A regulates cell cycle progression of mouse fertilized eggs by means of MPF
Authors: Yu Bingzhi , Wang Yajie , Liu Ying , Liu Yi , Li Xinna , Wu Didi , Zong Zhihong , Zhang Jie , Yu Dahai 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCell cycle of one‐cell stage mouse fertilized eggs was accompanied by fluctuation in the concentration of adenosine 3′5′‐monophosphate (cAMP) and in the activity of free catalytic subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA). The concentration of cAMP and the activity of free catalytic subunit of PKA decreased at the onset of mitosis and increased at the transition between mitosis and G1 phase. Stimulation of PKA by microinjection of cAMP into one‐cell stage mouse embryos at G2 phase induced interphase arrest and prevented the activation of M‐phase promoting factor (MPF). Upon blockage of the activation of PKA by microinjecting a thermostable PKA inhibitor (PKI) into one‐cell stage mouse embryos at G2 phase, the increase in the MPF activity occurred 30 min earlier than in control group. When a high dose of PKI was microinjected, a transition into interphase was prevented, and the activity of MPF remained high. Western blot analysis showed that Cdc2 remained phosphorylated in cAMP microinjected embryos by the time when control embryos were at metaphase and showed dephosphorylated Cdc2; conversely, Cdc2 dephosphorylation was accelerated in PKI‐microinjected embryos. At the same time, Cdc2 was phosphorylated at Tyr15 at G2 phase and even at M phase when cAMP was microinjected but was dephosphorylated when PKI was microinjected. PKI microinjection also prevented cyclin B degradation and sustained MPF activity, thus delaying the transition from metaphase to anaphase. Our results show that PKA, by inhibiting MPF, regulates cell cycle progression of fertilized eggs. Developmental Dynamics 232:98–105, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of genetic background on cardiovascular anomalies in the Ts16 mouse
Authors: Villar A.J. , Kim J. , De Blank P. , Gillespie A.M. , Kozy H.M. , Ursell P.C. , Epstein C.J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTo investigate the genetic contribution to phenotypic variability in aneuploidy, we generated mice with trisomy 16 (Ts16) by mating [Rb(6.16)24Lub × Rb(16.17)7Bnr]F1 males with females from four inbred strains, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J. Among the four Ts16 strains that were generated, there were no significant differences in survival, weight, or length relative to euploid control littermates at either embryonic day (E) 14.5 or E17.5. All Ts16 fetuses at E14.5 had edema that ranged from mild to severe, increased amniotic fluid volume, and a thickened neck. At E17.5, Ts16 fetuses exhibited two distinct phenotypes, one with an edematous morphology and the other runt‐like. None of these gross morphological abnormalities was strain‐specific either in occurrence or frequency. At E10.5, there were pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) anomalies in all Ts16 embryos on the C3H/HeJ background, but none in trisomics on the other three backgrounds. However, at E17.5, there was in addition to ventricular and atrioventricular septal defects, a high frequency of aortic arch defects in Ts16 fetuses, irrespective of genetic background. Taken together, these findings indicate that there are at least two mechanistic responses to the presence of three copies of mouse chromosome 16 in the modeling of the cardiovascular system: one, development of PAA defects, is strongly influenced by genetic background; but the second, development of aortic arch anomalies in the absence of preexisting PAA anomalies, is not. Developmental Dynamics 232:131–139, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Critical roles of CD146 in zebrafish vascular development
Authors: Chan Barden , Sinha Sonia , Cho Dan , Ramchandran Ramani , Sukhatme Vikas P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this report, we use zebrafish as a model system to understand the importance of CD146 in vascular development. Endothelial‐specific expression of CD146 was verified by whole‐mount in situ hybridization. Suppression of CD146 protein expression by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) resulted in poorly developed intersomitic vessels (ISVs). In CD146 morphants, we observed a lack of blood flow through the ISV region, despite that fluorescence microangiography showed that the ISVs were present. This finding suggests that the lumens of the developing ISVs may be too narrow for proper circulation. Additionally, remodeling of the caudal vein plexus into functional vascular tubes appeared to be affected. Suppression of CD146 protein expression resulted in a circulation shunt that caused the circulation to by‐pass part of the caudal artery/vein system. The same vascular defects were recapitulated by using a second morpholino oligonucleotide. This morphant expressed a truncated CD146 protein with amino acids V32 to T57 at the N terminus deleted in an in‐frame manner. This region, therefore, is likely to contain elements critical for CD146 function. This study provides the first in vivo functional assessment of CD146 in embryonic development by showing that knockdown of CD146 protein expression severely hinders vascular development in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 232:232–244, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metalloprotease‐disintegrin ADAM8: Expression analysis and targeted deletion in mice
Authors: Kelly Kristine , Hutchinson Gillian , Nebenius‐Oosthuizen Daniela , Smith Andrew J.H. , Bartsch Jörg W. , Horiuchi Keisuke , Rittger Andrea , Manova Katia , Docherty Andy J.P. , Blobel Carl P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractADAM8 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 8, also referred to as MS2/CD156a) is a membrane‐anchored metalloprotease that was first identified in a macrophage cell line and has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we evaluated the expression of ADAM8 during mouse development and generated mice lacking ADAM8 (Adam8−/− mice). During early mouse development, ADAM8 is expressed by maternal cells in the decidua and by trophoblast derivatives of the embryo but not in the derivatives of the inner cell mass. At later stages, prominent expression of ADAM8 is seen in the embryo proper, in the gonadal ridge, thymus, developing cartilage and bone, brain and spinal cord, and in the mesenchyme in close proximity to the branch point between the jugular vein and developing lymphatic vessels. Examination of Adam8−/− mice, however, revealed no major defects in these or other structures during development or in adult tissues and no evident pathological phenotypes. Developmental Dynamics 232:221–231, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The silent KIR3DP1 gene (CD158c) is transcribed and might encode a secreted receptor in a minority of humans, in whom the KIR3DP1, KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1 genes are duplicated
Authors: Gómez‐Lozano Natalia , Estefanía Ernesto , Williams Fionnuala , Halfpenny Iris , Middleton Derek , Solís Rosario , Vilches Carlos 
Published: December 2004

AbstractKiller‐cell Ig‐like receptors (KIR) are structurally and functionally diverse, and enable human NK cells to survey the expression of individual HLA class I molecules, often altered in infections and tumors. Multiple events of non‐reciprocal recombination have contributed to the rapid diversification of KIR. We show that ∼4.5% of the individuals of a Caucasoid population bear a recombinant allele of KIR3DP1, officially designed KIR3DP1*004, that associates tightly with gene duplications of KIR3DP1, KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1. The KIR3DP1 gene is normally silent, but the recombinant allele carries a novel promoter sequence and, as a consequence, is transcribed in all tested individuals. Messenger RNA of KIR3DP1*004 is made up of six exons; of these, exons 1–5 are similar to, and spliced like, those encoding the leader peptide and Ig‐domains of KIR3D. By contrast, exon 6 is homologous to no other human KIR sequence, but only to possible homologs in chimpanzees and rhesus macaques, and encodes a short hydrophilic tail. The putative KIR3DP1*004 product, like those of the related genes LAIR‐2 and LILRA3/ILT6/LIR4, is predicted to be secreted to the extracellular medium rather than anchored to the cell membrane.See accompanying Commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425743
The KIR gene family: life in the fast lane of evolution
Authors: Uhrberg Markus 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA hallmark of human NK cells is the expression of HLA class I‐specific killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR). An interesting facet of the KIR family is the unusual variability of the respective gene cluster, which is changing shape at an astonishing evolutionary pace. Not only do KIR genes come in different allelic variants, but the KIR locus has also gone through drastic contractions and expansions in recent evolutionary history, resulting in a wide variety of KIR haplotypes. A new study now reveals how an originally nonfunctional KIR pseudogene, KIR3DP1, is brought back to life in certain individuals via non‐reciprocal recombination between two different KIR haplotypes. This Commentary outlines how the unique architecture of the KIR locus facilitates the generation of new KIR haplotypes and discusses the functional relevance of it.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425493
A segregated method for compressible flow computation Part I: isothermal compressible flows
Authors: Hauke Guillermo , Landaberea Aitor , Garmendia Iñaki , Canales Javier 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTraditionally, coupled methods have been employed for the computation of compressible flows, whereas segregated methods have been preferred for the computation of incompressible flows. Compared to coupled methods, segregated solvers present the advantage of reduced computer memory and CPU time requirements, although at the cost of an inferior robustness. Therefore, in a series of papers we present unified computational techniques to compute compressible and incompressible flows with segregated stabilized methods. The proposed algorithms have an increased robustness compared to existing techniques, while possessing additional benefits such as employing standard pressure boundary conditions. In this first part, the thermodynamics of isothermal, thermally perfect compressible flows is set up in the framework of symmetric systems and the corresponding segregated algorithms are introduced. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem mass spectrometric data–FAAH inhibitory activity relationships of some carbamic acid O‐aryl esters
Authors: Basso Elisa , Duranti Andrea , Mor Marco , Piomelli Daniele , Tontini Andrea , Tarzia Giorgio , Traldi Pietro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe have recently described a class of systemically active inhibitors of the intracellular activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and traced extensive structure–activity relationships. These compounds, characterized by an N‐alkyl carbamic acid O‐aryl ester structure, exert potent anxiolytic‐like effects in animal models. In the present study, possible relationships between mass spectrometric parameters (related to the propensity of the C(O)O bond to be cleaved) and FAAH‐inhibitory potency were tested. With this aim, a set of our products was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and the protonated molecules were decomposed by low‐energy collisions. The experiments were performed by ion trap mass spectrometry, which led to a step‐by‐step energy deposition, thus favouring the lowest critical energy decomposition channels. For all compounds, breakdown curves relative to [MH]+ ions and to the fragment implying C(O)O bond cleavage were obtained. The crossing point between these curves was related to the energetics of decomposition and the values found for the investigated compounds were linearly correlated (r2 = 0.797) with their FAAH‐inhibitory activity. This indicates that the energetics of the C(O)O bond cleavage may be relevant in explaining FAAH inhibition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.