bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Botanical, Ethnomedicinal Uses, and Phytochemistry of Dalbergia (Fabaceae) Species
Authors: Isyaka Sani M. , Umar Ahmed , Talatu Adamu , Abdullahi Abdullahi M. 
Published: January 2025

Secondary metabolites found in plants are recognized to have medicinal qualities and are utilized in both mainstream and traditional medicine. More than 80% of people on the planet use medicinal plants to treat a variety of illnesses, including fever, malaria, stomachaches, and ulcers. One significant family of flowering plants with therapeutic qualities is the Fabaceae, sometimes referred to as the Leguminoceae. The fabaceae subfamily Faboideae of the pea family includes the large genus Dalbergia, which has over 300 species. It is a tiny to medium-sized trees, bushes, and lianas are found in tropical parts of Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar, and Southern Asia. Many species of Dalbergia are commonly utilized in diverse communities around the world to treat a variety of diseases. Phytoconstituents commonly found in Dalbergia species, includes isoflavonoids, neoflavonoids, glycosides, cinnamylphenols, quinones, and furans. However, only a limited number of Dalbergia species have been subjected to pharmacological research to validate their traditional uses. Additionally, only a few compounds have been identified based on their phytochemical constituents. Despite the existence of over 300 Dalbergia species worldwide, only a small fraction has been studied in detail. Therefore there is need for more scientific research on Leguminoceae species especially Dalbergia due to tremendous medicinal phytochemicals present in the specie, and can be used to cure multiple diseases affecting global population.
A GPU‐based fast Monte Carlo code that supports proton transport in magnetic field for radiation therapy
Authors: Li Shijun , Cheng Bo , Wang Yuxin , Pei Xi , Xu Xie George 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the effort to extend a previously reported code ARCHER, a GPU‐based Monte Carlo (MC) code for coupled photon and electron transport, into protons including the consideration of magnetic fields. The proton transport is modeled using a Class‐II condensed‐history algorithm with continuous slowing‐down approximation. The model includes ionization, multiple scattering, energy straggling, elastic and inelastic nuclear interactions, as well as deflection due to the Lorentz force in magnetic fields. An additional direction change is added for protons at the end of each step in the presence of the magnetic field. Secondary charge particles, except for protons, are terminated depositing kinetic energies locally, whereas secondary neutral particles are ignored. Each proton is transported step by step until its energy drops to below 0.5 MeV or when the proton leaves the phantom. The code is implemented using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) platform for optimized GPU thread‐level parallelism and efficiency. The code is validated by comparing it against TOPAS. Comparisons of dose distributions between our code and TOPAS for several exposure scenarios, ranging from single square beams in water to patient plan with magnetic fields, show good agreement. The 3D‐gamma pass rate with a 2 mm/2% criterion in the region with dose greater than 10% of the maximum dose is computed to be over 99% for all tested cases. Using a single NVIDIA TITAN V GPU card, the computational time of ARCHER is found to range from 0.82 to 4.54 seconds for 1 × 107 proton histories. Compared to a few hours running on TOPAS, this speed improvement is significant. This work presents, for the first time, the performance of a GPU‐based MC code to simulate proton transportation magnetic fields, demonstrating the feasibility of accurate and efficient dose calculations in potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided proton therapy.
Cycle‐generative adversarial network‐based bone suppression imaging for highly accurate markerless motion tracking of lung tumors for cyberknife irradiation therapy
Authors: Mochizuki Zennosuke , Saito Masahide , Suzuki Toshihiro , Mochizuki Koji , Hasegawa Junichi , Nemoto Hikaru , Satani Kenichiro , Takahashi Hiroshi , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeLung tumor tracking during stereotactic radiotherapy with the CyberKnife can misrecognize tumor location under conditions where similar patterns exist in the search area. This study aimed to develop a technique for bone signal suppression during kV‐x‐ray imaging.MethodsPaired CT images were created with or without bony structures using a 4D extended cardiac‐torso phantom (XCAT phantom) in 56 cases. Subsequently, 3020 2D x‐ray images were generated. Images with bone were input into cycle‐consistent adversarial network (CycleGAN) and the bone suppressed images on the XCAT phantom (BSIphantom) were created. They were then compared to images without bone using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR). Next, 1000 non‐simulated treatment images from real cases were input into the training model, and bone‐suppressed images of the patient (BSIpatient) were created. Zero means normalized cross correlation (ZNCC) by template matching between each of the actual treatment images and BSIpatient were calculated.ResultsBSIphantom values were compared to their paired images without bone of the XCAT phantom test data; SSIM and PSNR were 0.90 ± 0.06 and 24.54 ± 4.48, respectively. It was visually confirmed that only bone was selectively suppressed without significantly affecting tumor visualization. The ZNCC values of the actual treatment images and BSIpatient were 0.763 ± 0.136 and 0.773 ± 0.143, respectively. The BSIpatient showed improved recognition accuracy over the actual treatment images.ConclusionsThe proposed bone suppression imaging technique based on CycleGAN improves image recognition, making it possible to achieve highly accurate motion tracking irradiation.
Functionalized EGaIn Electrodes with Tunable Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Assembled EGaIn Core–Shell Particles for Soft and Deformable Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Lee Dongwook , Park Sunghyun , Seo Jungmok , Lee Won‐Yong , Kim Min‐gu , Kim Jayoung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGallium‐based liquid metal, eutectic gallium–indium alloy (EGaIn), is becoming a leading innovation in soft electronic devices due to its exceptional electronic conductivity and deformability. However, the formation of insulating oxide films on EGaIn surfaces poses a significant impediment to translating electrochemical reactions, thereby limiting its use as an electrochemical biosensor. Here, functionalized EGaIn electrodes with reduced‐graphene‐oxide assembled EGaIn core–shell particles (REGs) for soft and deformable electrochemical biosensors are presented. Exploiting EGaIn's capability as a reducing agent, REGs can undergo further modification with metal nanoparticles through additional galvanic replacement reactions. The REGs and metal‐coated REGs (M‐REGs) provide strong interfacial adhesion with the EGaIn current collector, exhibiting no exfoliation during and after the mechanical deformation. Moreover, RIDE and metal‐decorated RIDE (M‐RIDE) show excellent electrochemical sensing performances by taking advantage of the facile surface tunability of REGs, allowing simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid, and enzymatic detection of glucose. The developed RIDE/M‐RIDE paves the way for utilizing EGaIn in the development of soft and deformable electrochemical biosensors.
Swimmable Micro‐Battery for Targeted Power Delivery
Authors: Li Pengzhou , Yang Zhe , Li Chuanfa , Li Jiaxin , Wang Chuang , Chen Jiawei , Yu Sijia , Zhang Yanan , Jiang Yi , Gao Yue , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe boom of microelectronic devices and their diverse applications has heightened the demand for innovative and effective energy supply strategies. The longevity of contemporary microelectronic devices predominantly depends on direct human intervention power supply methods, encompassing battery replacement or recharging. However, these methods may falter in specific scenarios, such as when facing liquid conditions in vivo. Here, a concept of swimmable micro‐batteries (MBs) for targeted power delivery is presented. This is achieved through the design of a flexible polydimethylsiloxane/Fe3O4 soft‐magnetic substrate for actuation, polydimethylsiloxane/neodymium‐iron‐boron (NdFeB) hard‐magnetic tabs for precise targeting, and quasi‐solid‐state Zn//MnO2 battery for power generation. These swimmable MBs exhibit an impressive areal capacity of 102.3 µAh cm‐2, remarkable waterproofing, adjustable output voltage or capacity, rapid response, and accurate remote magnetic field manipulation, enabling targeted power supply available. This novel swimmable MB design broadens the function of MBs and may open a new avenue for their future development.
Toward Type I/II ROS Generation Photoimmunotherapy by Molecular Engineering of Semiconducting Perylene Diimide
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ma Wen , Luo Haifen , Zhang Kangxin , Lv Jingqi , Jiang Lizhi , Huang Yanli , Song Jibing , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs prospective phototheranostic agents for cancer imaging and therapy, semiconducting organic molecule‐based nanomedicines are developed. However, near‐infrared (NIR) emission, and tunable type I (O2•−) and type II (1O2) photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to boost cancer photoimmunotherapy remains a big challenge. Herein, a series of D–π–A structures, NIR absorbing perylene diimides (PDIs) with heavy atom bromide modification at the bay position of PDIs are prepared for investigating the optimal photoinduced type I/II ROS generation. The heavy atom effect has demonstrated a reduction of molecular ∆EST and promotion of the intersystem crossing processes of PDIs, enhancing the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. The modification of three bromides and one pyrrolidine at the bay position of PDI (TBDT) has demonstrated the best type I/II PDT performance by batch experiments and theoretical calculations. TBDT based nanoplatforms (TBDT NPs) enable type I/II PDT in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment as a strong immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer. Moreover, TBDT NPs showing NIR emission allow in vivo bioimaging guided phototherapy of tumor. This work uses novel PDIs with adjustable type I/II ROS production to promote antitumor immune response and accomplish effective tumor eradication, consequently offering molecular guidelines for building high‐efficiency ICD inducers.
Single‐Atoms on Crystalline Carbon Nitrides for Selective C─H Photooxidation: A Bridge to Achieve Homogeneous Pathways in Heterogeneous Materials
Authors: da Silva Marcos A. R. , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Filho José B. G. , Cunha Carla S. , Rocha Guilherme F. S. R. , Diab Gabriel A. A. , Ando Rômulo Augusto , Savateev Oleksandr , Agirrezabal‐Telleria Iker , Silva Ingrid F. , Stolfi Sara , Ghigna Paolo , Fagnoni Maurizio , Ravelli Davide , Torelli Piero , Braglia Luca , Teixeira Ivo F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysis is a field of paramount importance in contemporary science due to its exceptional ability to combine the domains of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Iron and manganese metalloenzymes are known to be effective in C─H oxidation reactions in nature, inspiring scientists to mimic their active sites in artificial catalytic systems. Herein, a simple and versatile cation exchange method is successfully employed to stabilize low‐cost iron and manganese single‐atoms in poly(heptazine imides) (PHI). The resulting materials are employed as photocatalysts for toluene oxidation, demonstrating remarkable selectivity toward benzaldehyde. The protocol is then extended to the selective oxidation of different substrates, including (substituted) alkylaromatics, benzyl alcohols, and sulfides. Detailed mechanistic investigations revealed that iron‐ and manganese‐containing photocatalysts work through a similar mechanism via the formation of high‐valent M═O species. Operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is employed to confirm the formation of high‐valent iron‐ and manganese‐oxo species, typically found in metalloenzymes involved in highly selective C─H oxidations.
Massively Scalable Self‐Assembly of Nano and Microparticle Monolayers via Aerosol Assisted Deposition
Authors: Cossio Gabriel , Barbosa Raul , Korgel Brian , Yu Edward T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn extremely rapid process for self‐assembling well‐ordered, nano, and microparticle monolayers via a novel aerosolized method is presented. The novel technique can reach monolayer self‐assembly rates as high as 268 cm2 min−1 from a single aerosolizing source and methods to reach faster monolayer self‐assembly rates are outlined. A new physical mechanism describing the self‐assembly process is presented and new insights enabling high‐efficiency nanoparticle monolayer self‐assembly are developed. In addition, well‐ordered monolayer arrays from particles of various sizes, surface functionality, and materials are fabricated. This new technique enables a 93× increase in monolayer self‐assembly rates compared to the current state of the art and has the potential to provide an extremely low‐cost option for submicron nanomanufacturing.
Threshold Reducing via Micro Rhombic Lasing Misalignment Step‐Cavity with a Simple and Universal Use
Authors: Pan Yong , Zhang Yuan , Cao Jianguo , Xu Jie , Xie Haixia , Gao Dongwen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanolasers with low‐threshold operation have been attracting attention for a long time. However, research on methods to lower thresholds has been stagnant and underreported. To provide a generalizable method for reducing thresholds, a stepped array cavity designed in this study is demonstrated to reduce the nanolaser excitation threshold. In the experiment, the rhomboid array cavity is fabricated by 3D printing and covered with Cu film. The mechanism of two cavity (cavity α and β) and five modes is designed and displayed for systematically illustrating the parameters of the different cavities and principles of the different oscillation modes. The lasing behavior of modes 1, 2, 4, and 5 is proved by the photoluminescence spectrum at room temperature with the threshold of 1.53 kW cm−2, 2.73 kW cm−2, 66.2 W cm−2, and 371 W cm−2. The optimum angle of incidence for obtaining lower thresholds in the range 40°–60° is suggested. The laser generation mechanism and polarization characteristics are provided. Finally, the method developed in this study uses a wide range of materials and gain modes to achieve a universal threshold reduction method. The results indicate that the designed method is effective and scalable for a wide range of typical materials and gain modes.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Carbon Radical Generation from α‐Keto‐N,O‐acetals: Synthesis of Functionalized Azepino[1,2‐a]indoles and Azepino[1,2‐a]furo[3,2‐b]indoles
Authors: Seefeldt Paul , Villinger Alexander , Brasholz Malte 
Published: November 2023

AbstractC10a‐Acetoxylated perhydroazepino[1,2‐a]‐indoles, accessible via visible light‐mediated sensitized photooxygenation of cyclo‐hepta[b]indoles, are precursors to structurally elaborate carbon‐centered radicals. Their photoredox‐catalyzed SET reduction by phenothiazine or phenoxazine photocatalysts, followed by fragmentation and C−O bond cleavage, liberates tricyclic α‐amino‐α‐carbonyl radicals that readily engage in radical addition reactions with silyl enol ethers and silyl ketene acetals. The C−C functionalized azepinoindole[1,2‐a]indoles are useful building blocks for the synthesis of polycyclic indole derivatives as shown by the controlled borohydride reduction of a C10a‐methylenecarboxylate derivative, which leads stereoselectively to tetracyclic azepino[1,2‐a]furo[3,2‐b]indoles. The photocatalytic method developed herein is also suitable for the radical functionalization of simple α‐acetoxy acetophenones.
Chemical Approach for Investigation of the Structure‐Activity Relationship of Salmycin and Identification of a Glycan‐based Analogue for Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chiu Cheng‐Hsin , Huang De‐Yi , Ma Wei‐Hsiang , Chen Yu‐Xun , Yang Sih‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Chie , Tony Mong Kwok‐Kong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNew synthetic routes were devised for total synthesis of Fe3+‐bound (ferri−) salmycin B (Sal B) (1), glycan‐based Sal analogues 2–5 and their Fe3+‐unbound (desferri−) counterparts 1′–5′ for the structure to activity relationship (SAR) study. The results of SAR study reveal the effective structure of 1 and its desferri‐counterpart 1′ that are responsible for the observed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Among the analogues 2–5 and 2′–5′, glucose‐based analogue 2 and its desferri‐counterpart 2′ exhibited inhibitory potency comparable to 1 and 1′. Chemical modification of 2′ for further antibacterial study enabled us to discover desferri‐Sal analogue 7′ that endowed with a simpler pharmacophore structure but significantly higher antibacterial potency against methicillin‐sensitive and resistant S. aureus than the natural product 1′ and even the clinical vancomycin. Together with a better hydrolytic stability and shorter synthetic route, the analogue 7′ represents an attractive antibiotic lead for further exploration.
Enhanced Broadband Photodetection with Geometry and Interface Engineered Nanocrystalline Graphite
Authors: Parmar Devang , Dehm Simone , Peyyety Naga Anirudh , Kumar Sandeep , Krupke Ralph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotodetection across the near‐infrared (NIR) to short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectrum is important for many applications. This study explores photodetection using nanocrystalline graphite (NCG) in a suspended, narrow constriction configuration for improved performance. Bowtie constrictions are fabricated in both suspended and substrate‐supported NCG devices, allowing for accurate comparison. It shows that the suspended constriction enhances the bolometric photoresponse and sensor detectivity by several orders of magnitude compared to the substrate‐supported counterparts, attributed to reduced thermalization and electric field concentration. The suspended configuration preserves a spectrally flat photoresponse while reducing operating voltage through a tailored NCG layer thickness. Chromatic aberration‐corrected photocurrent spectroscopy is used to measure the photoresponse from 1100 to 1700 nm, and diffraction‐limited hyperspectral photocurrent imaging is conducted to measure the local photocurrent generation across the device. Bolometric and photo‐thermoelectric currents are restricted to the suspended central constriction due to electric field concentration and thermal decoupling and the direction of the photocurrents within the sensor is revealed. The experimental data is complemented by simulations of the light absorption and the electric field distribution. This work indicates the importance of geometry and thermal decoupling for boosting device performance, offering promising prospects for sensitive and low‐power NCG‐based photodetectors in the NIR‐SWIR range.
Targeting the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Alleviates Vascular Pathologies in Ischemic Retinopathy
Authors: Kim So‐Yeon , Yoon Nam Gu , Im Jin Young , Lee Ji Hye , Kim Juhee , Jeon Yujin , Choi Young Jae , Lee Jong‐Hwa , Uemura Akiyoshi , Park Dong Ho , Kang Byoung Heon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractActivation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) contributes to blood‐retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown and pathological neovascularization responsible for vision loss in ischemic retinal diseases. During disease progression, mitochondrial biology is altered to adapt to the ischemic environment created by initial vascular dysfunction, but the mitochondrial adaptive mechanisms, which ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathy, remain incompletely understood. In the present study, it is identified that expression of mitochondrial chaperone tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is essential for BRB breakdown and pathologic retinal neovascularization in mouse models mimicking ischemic retinopathies. Genetic Trap1 ablation or treatment with small molecule TRAP1 inhibitors, such as mitoquinone (MitoQ) and SB‐U015, alleviate retinal pathologies via proteolytic HIF1α degradation, which is mediated by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and activation of calcium‐dependent protease calpain‐1. These findings suggest that TRAP1 can be a promising target for the development of new treatments against ischemic retinopathy, such as retinopathy of prematurity and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Ultrasensitive and High‐Resolution Protein Spatially Decoding Framework for Tumor Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Cheng Chi‐An , Hou Kuan‐Chu , Hsu Chen‐Wei , Chiang Li‐Chiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProteins localized on the surface or within the lumen of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play distinct roles in cancer progression. However, quantifying both populations of proteins within EVs has been hampered due to the limited sensitivity of the existing protein detection methods and inefficient EV isolation techniques. In this study, the eSimoa framework, an innovative approach enabling spatial decoding of EV protein biomarkers with unmatched sensitivity and specificity is presented. Using the luminal eSimoa pipeline, the absolute concentration of luminal RAS or KRASG12D proteins is released and measured, uncovering their prevalence in pancreatic tumor‐derived EVs. The pulldown eSimoa pipeline measured absolute protein concentrations from low‐abundance EV subpopulations. The eSimoa assays detected EVs in both PBS and plasma samples, confirming their applicability across diverse clinical sample types. Overall, the eSimoa framework offers a valuable tool to (1) detect EVs at concentrations as low as 105 EV mL−1 in plasma, (2) quantify absolute EV protein concentrations as low as fM, and (3) decode the spatial distribution of EV proteins. This study highlights the potential of eSimoa in identifying disease‐specific EV protein biomarkers in clinical samples with minimal pre‐purification, thereby driving advancements in clinical translation.
Self‐Assembly of Atomically Precise Silver Nanoclusters in Crowded Colloids into Ultra‐Long Ribbons with Tunable Supramolecular Chirality
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Liu Tong , Zhao Ting , Sun Di , Li Hongguang , Xing Pengyao , Xin Xia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) emerge as fascinating synthons in self‐assembled materials. The self‐assembly of metal NCs are highly sensitive to the environment because they have an inorganic‐organic hybridized structure and a relatively complicated conformation. Here, it is shown that when confined in crowded colloids, a water‐soluble Ag9‐cored nanocluster (Ag9‐NC) can self‐ assemble into ultra‐long (up to millimeters) and photoluminescent ribbons with high flexibility. The ribbon contains rectangularly organized columns of Ag9‐NCs and can undergo secondary self‐assembly to form bundled and branched structures. Formation of ribbons is observed in all the tested colloids, including lyotropic liquid crystals and disordered, three‐dimensional network. The high viscosity/elasticity of the crowded colloids weakens gravity‐induced sedimentation of the ribbons, leading to the formation of an interesting class of inorganic‐organic composite materials where the hard Ag‐containing skeleton strengthens the soft matter. The simultaneously occurring symmetry breaking during the self‐assembly of Ag9‐NCs gives uncontrolled supramolecular chirality, which can be tuned through the majority rule and soldier‐and‐sergeant rule by the introduction of chiral seeds. The regulated chirality and the intrinsic photoluminescence of the Ag9‐NCs ribbons impart the composite material circularly polarized luminescence, opening the door for a variety of potential applications.