bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal types expressing μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptor mRNA in the rat hippocampal formation
Authors: Stumm Ralf K. , Zhou Chun , Schulz Stefan , Höllt Volker 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOpioids are thought to control the excitability of hippocampal principal neurons indirectly by inhibiting GABAergic interneurons. However, direct inhibition of hippocampal principal neurons by opioids has also been reported. To understand better the neuromodulatory role of opioids in rat hippocampal circuits, we analyzed types of μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptor (MOR, DOR)‐expressing hippocampal neurons. Most MOR‐immunoreactive neurons in the granular and pyramidal cell layers exhibited multipolar morphologies characteristic of GABAergic neurons. Virtually all neurons in the hippocampal formation expressing high MOR mRNA levels cocontained the mRNA for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Most parvalbumin‐, several calretinin‐, and several pre‐proenkephalin‐containing neurons expressed the MOR gene in the hippocampal formation. Expression of high DOR mRNA levels was restricted to GAD‐positive neurons in the principal cell layers, oriens layer and hilus. More than 90% of the parvalbumin‐positive neurons in the hippocampal formation strongly expressed the DOR gene. Granule cells expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) mRNA contained very low MOR and DOR transcript levels. In VGLUT1‐positive pyramidal cells, weak DOR but no MOR gene expression was detected. Whereas most somatostatinergic hilar neurons were negative for MOR and DOR mRNA, somatostatinergic oriens layer neurons frequently expressed these receptors. Taken together, weak expression of MOR and DOR genes in hippocampal principal cells is in concordance with direct opioid‐mediated inhibition of principal cells. However, strong expression of the MOR and DOR genes in the hippocampus is restricted to γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, with DORs being selectively expressed in the parvalbumin‐ and somatostatin‐containing subpopulations. Activation of MOR and/or DOR in parvalbumin‐ and somatostatin‐containing neurons, which provide GABAergic inhibition to the perisomatic and distal dendritic regions of principal cells, respectively, is likely to facilitate principal cell excitation. J. Comp. Neurol. 469:107–118, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parasympathetic nerve fibers invade the upper dermis following sensory denervation of the rat lower lip skin
Authors: Ramien Michele , Ruocco Isabella , Cuello A. Claudio , St‐Louis Manon , Ribeiro‐Da‐Silva Alfredo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is known to play a role in the genesis of neuropathic pain. In the skin of the rat lower lip (hairy skin), sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers normally innervate the same blood vessels in the lower dermis but do not occur in the upper dermis. However, we have shown that sympathetic fiber migration into the upper dermis occurs following mental nerve lesions (Ruocco et al. [2000] J. Comp. Neurol. 422:287–296). As sensory denervation has a dramatic effect on sympathetic fiber innervation patterns in the rat lower lip skin, we decided to investigate the possible changes in the other autonomic fiber type in the skin—the parasympathetic fiber. Sensory denervation of the rat lower lip was achieved by bilateral transection of the mental nerve, and animals were allowed to recover for 1–8 weeks. Lower lip tissue was processed for double‐labeling light microscopic immunocytochemistry (ICC), using antibodies against substance P (SP), which labels a subpopulation of peptidergic sensory fibers, and against the vesicular acetycholine transporter (VAChT), as a marker for parasympathetic fibers. In sham‐operated rats, SP‐immunoreactive (IR) sensory fibers were found in the epidermis and upper and lower dermal regions, whereas VAChT‐IR fibers were confined to the lower dermis. Mental nerve lesions induced the gradual disappearance of SP‐IR fibers from all skin layers accompanied by the progressive migration of VAChT‐IR fibers into the upper dermis. Cholinergic fiber migration was evident by the second week post surgery, and the ectopic innervation of the upper dermis by these fibers persisted even at the last time point studied (8 weeks) when SP‐IR fibers have completely regrown. VAChT‐IR fibers were observed in the upper dermis, well above the opening of the sebaceous glands into the hair follicles. These results show that considerable changes occur in the innervation patterns of parasympathetic fibers following mental nerve lesions. J. Comp. Neurol. 469:83–95, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compartmentation of the mouse cerebellar cortex by sphingosine kinase
Authors: Terada Nobuo , Banno Yoshiko , Ohno Nobuhiko , Fujii Yasuhisa , Murate Takashi , Sarna Justyna R. , Hawkes Richard , Zea Zagreb , Baba Takeshi , Ohno Shinichi 
Published: December 2003

AbstractClassic cerebellar anatomy is based on the characteristic array of lobes and lobules. However, there is substantial evidence to suggest that more fundamental architecture is built around arrays of parasagittal stripes, which encompass both the inputs and outputs of the Purkinje cells (PCs). Sphingosine kinase (SPHK) is an enzyme that converts sphingosine (Sph) into sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P). Recent reports have indicated that ceramide, Sph, and S1P play a role in cell survival, growth, and differentiation in several cell types, including neurons. In this study, we examined the localization of SPHK in the mouse cerebellum by using immunohistochemistry. Anti‐SPHK immunoreactivity appeared in the cerebellar molecular layer and the PC membranes. The staining pattern is striped. In the molecular layer, the staining pattern probably reflects dendritic spines and dendrites. By electron microscopy, peroxidase reaction product was deposited within dendrites especially along the plasma membranes near spines. Seen at higher magnification, the staining was in and near the postsynaptic complexes. By double immunostaining, the striped pattern of SPHK expression was shown to be identical to that revealed by anti‐zebrin II, although the subcellular distribution within PC's is not. This is the first demonstration of the cerebellar compartmentation of an enzyme related to lipid metabolism, and as such, it provides an insight into the roles of SPHK and formation of S1P. The selective expression of SPHK in the zebrin II‐immunoreactive PCs may explain their resistance to cell death when ceramide metabolism is disrupted, as in the acid sphingomyelinase knockout model of Niemann‐Pick type A/B disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 469:119–127, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unique expression patterns of 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2C receptors in the rat brain during postnatal development: Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses
Authors: Li Qing‐Hua , Nakadate Kazuhiko , Tanaka‐Nakadate Sawako , Nakatsuka Daisaku , Cui Yilong , Watanabe Yasuyoshi 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT) is recognized as a potential regulatory factor in neuronal development. Two subtypes of receptors for it, 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2C, are distributed broadly in the rat brain, suggesting their role in a variety of brain functions. Here, we investigated the expression patterns of these 5‐HT2 receptors in the rat brain during postnatal development by using Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. By Western blot analysis, the expression of the 5‐HT2A receptor was at a low level at postnatal day 3 (P3) and increased greatly during the first 3 postnatal weeks; whereas the 5‐HT2C receptor was already expressed at a high level at P3, and its expression increased only slightly during postnatal development. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the different expression patterns of 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2C receptor subtypes during postnatal development: the transient expression of the 5‐HT2C receptor was observed in layer IV of the somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortices from P10 to P28, and in the thalamus, mainly in the ventral posterolateral and ventral posteromedial nuclei, from P7 to P21; however, the immunoreactivity of the 5‐HT2A receptor was detectable slightly at P3, but thereafter the intensity of immunolabeling increased with postnatal development and at P21 reached the adult level and pattern. These results suggest that 5‐HT2 receptors have potential significance in brain development, with a functional difference between 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2C receptor subtypes. J. Comp. Neurol. 469:128–140, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of long memory in short‐term interest rates
Authors: Meade Nigel , Maier Margaret R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe issues of non‐stationarity and long memory of real interest rates are examined here. Autoregressive models allowing short‐term mean reversion are compared with fractional integration models in terms of their ability to explain the behaviour of the data and to forecast out‐of‐sample. The data used are weekly observations of 3‐month Eurodeposit rates for 10 countries, adjusted for inflation, for 14 years. Following Brenner, Harjes and Kroner, the volatility of these rates is shown to both exhibit GARCH effects and depend on the level of interest rates. Although relatively little support is found for the hypothesis of mean reversion, evidence of long memory in interest rate changes is found for seven countries. The out‐of‐sample forecasting performance for a year ahead of the fractional integrated models was significantly better than a no change. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tentative business confidence indicators for the Italian economy
Authors: Carnazza Paolo , Parigi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper concerns the cyclical evolution of the Italian economy and, in particular, the role of confidence indicators. In the first part of the paper various confidence indicators, computed according to the European Commission (EC) methodology, are investigated. In particular, the analysis concentrates on the dynamics of some business climate indicators referred to the supply side of the economy (i.e. manufacturing, retail and construction industries).In the second part of the analysis, new confidence indicators exploring the wide informative set characterizing the ISAE business surveys are computed. The ability of these indicators in predicting the short‐term evolution of GDP, here considered as a reference series, is compared with that of the previous EC confidence indicators. Finally, in the third part, some estimates of the relationship between the chosen business confidence indicator and some driving variables are presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting with leading indicators revisited
Authors: Tsay Ruey S. , Wu Chung‐Shu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTransfer function or distributed lag models are commonly used in forecasting. The stability of a constant‐coefficient transfer function model, however, may become an issue for many economic variables due in part to the recent advance in technology and improvement in efficiency in data collection and processing. In this paper, we propose a simple functional‐coefficient transfer function model that can accommodate the changing environment. A likelihood ratio statistic is used to test the stability of a traditional transfer function model. We investigate the performance of the test statistic in the finite sample case via simulation. Using some well‐known examples, we demonstrate clearly that the proposed functional‐coefficient model can substantially improve the accuracy of out‐of‐sample forecasts. In particular, our simple modification results in a 25% reduction in the mean squared errors of out‐of‐sample one‐step‐ahead forecasts for the gas‐furnace data of Box and Jenkins. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photonic dating of prehistoric irrigation canals at Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.*
Authors: Berger Glenn W. , Henderson T. Kathleen , Banerjee D. , Nials Fred L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA number of archeological features, including in‐filled irrigation canals of uncertain prehistoric age, occur within the Holocene floodplain of the Salt River at Phoenix, Arizona. In the first attempt to date irrigation‐canal sediments using luminescence methods, we obtained age estimates of 1640 ± 190 yr B.P. (1σ) (multi‐aliquot or MA) and 1621 ± 95 yr B.P. (post‐IR single‐aliquot‐regenerative‐dose or SAR) for a single sample from the base of the oldest canal‐infilling deposits (all IR‐PSL ages reported in this article are in calendar years before A.D. 2001). For the remaining canal samples, weighted mean luminescence ages of 819 ± 45 yr (MA) and 826 ± 32 yr (post‐IR SAR) were obtained. Thus from photonic dating we can resolve the first and last phases of canal use at this Phoenix site: initiation at ca. 1600 years ago and final use at ca. 800 years ago. These results demonstrate the power of SAR luminescence sediment dating to enhance our understanding of prehistoric irrigation‐canal development and usage here and elsewhere in the world. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late prehistoric soil fertility, irrigation management, and agricultural production in northwest coastal Peru
Authors: Nordt Lee , Hayashida Frances , Hallmark Tom , Crawford Corey 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe Pampa de Chaparrí (Pampa) in hyperarid northwest coastal Peru is an ideal area to study late prehispanic agricultural technology and production because irrigation canals and furrowed fields have been preserved since abandonment approximately 500 years ago. We collected 55 samples for soil characterization, fertility, and micromorphic analyses and compared these results to a noncultivated control soil previously sampled in an adjacent valley. Natural soil fertility levels for maize, cotton, and bean production were generally high during late prehispanic cultivation in the Pampa. Maintaining adequate nitrogren levels for production, however, would have required external inputs from livestock manure, guano, or leguminous plants. The management of low soil salinity levels was possible because of rapidly permeable soils and irrigation waters low in salt. Based on available water capacity and climate conditions, the Blaney‐Criddle Equation yields evapotranspiration rates indicating that irrigation frequency was necessary in a range of every 10–16 days during the growing season. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geochemistry and petrography of basalt grindstones from the Karak Plateau, central Jordan
Authors: Watts Brandon G. , Bennett Marvin E. , Kopp Otto C. , Mattingly Gerald L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSeventeen basalt grindstone fragments from central Jordan's Karak Plateau were studied. Most of these artifacts are vesicular or amygdaloidal with calcite as the dominant mineral filling the voids. The major minerals are olivine (with iddingsite rims), plagioclase, clinopyroxene, magnetite, and apatite. Glass is present in some samples. One basalt fragment is quite different in appearance and composition and may have come from flows closer to the Dead Sea. Grindstone fragment compositions plot in the tephrite‐basanite and basalt fields. A plot of the concentrations of niobium, zirconium, and yttrium reveal that the sample compositions plot in the “within‐plate alkali basalt” and “within‐plate tholeiite” fields. The acquisition of basalts for preparing such implements appears to have been random. Some may have been introduced through trade and migration. Archaeological and environmental studies on the Karak Plateau are urgently needed because Jordan's population growth and economic development are destroying many sites and their environmental contexts. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Pachuca obsidian source, Hidalgo, Mexico: A geoarchaeological perspective
Authors: Ponomarenko Alyson Lighthart 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSierra Las Navajas, known to archaeologists as “the Pachuca obsidian source,” has been a major source of obsidian to Mesoamerican societies for more than 3000 years, producing a fine green obsidian unique in Middle America. It was the primary source of the obsidian that formed the economic backbone of the major sociopolitical centers of Classic period Teotihuacán, epi‐Classic Toltec Tula, and Aztec Tenochtitlán. In this paper, the obsidian of Sierra Las Navajas is discussed in the following contexts: (1) geologically, because the extraordinary quality of the Pachuca obsidian, its ease of extraction, and its distinctive color and chemistry are a direct result of its geologic emplacement; (2) locally, as the different mining localities within Sierra Las Navajas reflect the varying needs of the cultures working them; and (3) globally, as the obsidians of Las Navajas were used in concert with obsidians from other sources, and were traded great distances across Mesoamerica. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
fMRI differences in encoding and retrieval of pictures due to encoding strategy in the elderly
Authors: Mandzia Jennifer L. , Black Sandra E. , McAndrews Mary Pat , Grady Cheryl , Graham Simon 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFunctional MRI (fMRI) was used to examine the neural correlates of depth of processing during encoding and retrieval of photographs in older normal volunteers (n = 12). Separate scans were run during deep (natural vs. man‐made decision) and shallow (color vs. black‐and‐white decision) encoding and during old/new recognition of pictures initially presented in one of the two encoding conditions. A baseline condition consisting of a scrambled, color photograph was used as a contrast in each scan. Recognition accuracy was greater for the pictures on which semantic decisions were made at encoding, consistent with the expected levels of processing effect. A mixed‐effects model was used to compare fMRI differences between conditions (deep‐baseline vs. shallow‐baseline) in both encoding and retrieval. For encoding, this contrast revealed greater activation associated with deep encoding in several areas, including the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), left middle temporal gyrus, and left anterior thalamus. Increased left hippocampal, right dorsolateral, and inferior frontal activations were found for recognition of items that had been presented in the deep relative to the shallow encoding condition. We speculate that the modulation of activity in these regions by the depth of processing manipulation shows that these regions support effective encoding and successful retrieval. A direct comparison between encoding and retrieval revealed greater activation during retrieval in the medial temporal (right hippocampus and bilateral PHG), anterior cingulate, and bilateral prefrontal (inferior and dorsolateral). Most notably, greater right posterior PHG was found during encoding compared to recognition. Focusing on the medial temporal lobe (MTL) region, our results suggest a greater involvement of both anterior MTL and prefrontal regions in retrieval compared to encoding. Hum. Brain Mapping 21:1–14, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol intoxication effects on visual perception: An fMRI study
Authors: Calhoun Vince D. , Altschul David , McGinty Vince , Shih Regina , Scott David , Sears Edie , Pearlson Godfrey D. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe examined the effects of two doses of alcohol (EtOH) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation during a visual perception task. The Motor‐Free Visual Perception Test–Revised (MVPT‐R) provides measures of overall visual perceptual processing ability. It incorporates different cognitive elements including visual discrimination, spatial relationships, and mental rotation. We used the MVPT‐R to study brain activation patterns in healthy controls (1) sober, and (2) at two doses of alcohol intoxication with event‐related fMRI. The fMRI data were analyzed using a general linear model approach based upon a model of the time course and a hemodynamic response estimate. Additionally, a correlation analysis was performed to examine dose‐dependent amplitude changes. With regard to alcohol‐free task‐related brain activation, we replicate our previous finding in which SPM group analysis revealed robust activation in visual and visual association areas, frontal eye field (FEF)/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the supplemental motor area (SMA). Consistent with a previous study of EtOH and visual stimulation, EtOH resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in activation amplitude over much of the visual perception network and in a decrease in the maximum contrast‐to‐noise ratio (in the lingual gyrus). Despite only modest behavior changes (in the expected direction), significant dose‐dependent activation increases were observed in insula, DLPFC, and precentral regions, whereas dose‐dependent activation decreases were observed in anterior and posterior cingulate, precuneus, and middle frontal areas. Some areas (FEF/DLPFC/SMA) became more diffusely activated (i.e., increased in spatial extent) at the higher dose. Alcohol, thus, appears to have both global and local effects upon the neural correlates of the MVPT‐R task, some of which are dose dependent. Hum. Brain Mapping 21:15–26, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Left parietal lobe activation to auditory mismatch?
Authors: Rosburg Timm 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe original article to which this Commentary refers was published in the November, 2002 issue of Human Brain Mapping (Park H‐J, Kwon JS, Youn T, Pae JS, Kim J‐J, Kim M‐S, Ha K‐S. Statistical Parametric Mapping of LORETA Using High‐Density EEG and Individual MRI: Application to Mismatch Negativities in Schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2002;17:168–178). Hum. Brain Mapp. 21:44–45, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response to Rosburg: A voxel‐based statistical parametric mapping of MMN current densities
Authors: Youn Tak , Park Hae‐Jeong , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe original article to which this Commentary refers was published in the November, 2002 issue of Human Brain Mapping (Park H‐J, Kwon JS, Youn T, Pae JS, Kim J‐J, Kim M‐S, Ha K‐S. Statistical Parametric Mapping of LORETA Using High‐Density EEG and Individual MRI: Application to Mismatch Negativities in Schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2002;17:168–178). A Commentary appears in the January, 2004 issue (Rossburg T: Left Parietal Lobe Activation to Auditory Mismatch? Hum. Brain Mapp. 2004;21:46–48). © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.