bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New basic discoveries and frontiers in diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy in human thyroid, urinary bladder, and prostate tumors
Authors: Giordano Giovan Giacomo , Tagliabue Elda , Pupa Serenella M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe fourth edition of this workshop mainly focused on three different human oncotypes, which included thyroid, urinary bladder, and prostate tumors as clinical models to gain new basic knowledge on tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. At the previous editions (Giordano et al., 2000, J Cell Physiol 183:284–287; Giordano et al., 2001, J Cell Physiol 188:274–280; Giordano et al., 2002, J Cell Physiol 191:362–365), leaders in the fields of pathology, clinical oncology, and basic research presented and discussed the most recent and prevalent findings in such neoplasms from a basic and clinical perspective. A concept that has been widely proposed is that the analysis of intrinsic biological factors displayed by primary tumors may be a valid method for diagnosing different neoplasias and for measuring both their aggressiveness and response to therapy. To date, however, no single prognostic factor, such as oncogenes, suppressor genes, or genes involved in the control of the cell cycle and/or apoptosis has yet proven to be potent enough to be used in clinical practice as a prognostic and predictive factor. The new possibility to simultaneously analyze the expression of the complete repertoire of human genes and a large number of proteins could offer a new scenario in tumor classification, allowing for the formulation of a list of genes able to define a “signature” of tumor outcome. Moreover, starting from data obtained from biomolecular tumor analyses, it has been demonstrated that with this approach, it is also possible to design future therapeutic strategies. J. Cell. Physiol. 198: 343–349, 2004© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field induces an unbalance between pro‐apoptotic and pro‐survival signals in T‐lymphoblastoid leukemia CCRF‐CEM cells
Authors: Marinelli F. , La Sala D. , Cicciotti G. , Cattini L. , Trimarchi C. , Putti S. , Zamparelli A. , Giuliani L. , Tomassetti G. , Cinti Caterina 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum was published in J. Cell. Physiol. 198:324–332, 2004It has been recently established that low‐frequency electromagnetic field (EMFs) exposure induces biological changes and could be associated with increased incidence of cancer, while the issue remains unresolved as to whether high‐frequency EMFs can have hazardous effect on health. Epidemiological studies on association between childhood cancers, particularly leukemia and brain cancer, and exposure to low‐ and high‐frequency EMF suggested an etiological role of EMFs in inducing adverse health effects. To investigate whether exposure to high‐frequency EMFs could affect in vitro cell survival, we cultured acute T‐lymphoblastoid leukemia cells (CCRF‐CEM) in the presence of unmodulated 900 MHz EMF, generated by a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell, at various exposure times. We evaluated the effects of high‐frequency EMF on cell growth rate and apoptosis induction, by cell viability (MTT) test, FACS analysis and DNA ladder, and we investigated pro‐apoptotic and pro‐survival signaling pathways possibly involved as a function of exposure time by Western blot analysis. At short exposure times (2–12 h), unmodulated 900 MHz EMF induced DNA breaks and early activation of both p53‐dependent and ‐independent apoptotic pathways while longer continuous exposure (24–48 h) determined silencing of pro‐apoptotic signals and activation of genes involved in both intracellular (Bcl‐2) and extracellular (Ras and Akt1) pro‐survival signaling. Overall our results indicate that exposure to 900 MHz continuous wave, after inducing an early self‐defense response triggered by DNA damage, could confer to the survivor CCRF‐CEM cells a further advantage to survive and proliferate. J. Cell. Physiol. 198: 324–332, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of vesicle transport along and between distinct pathways in neurites of living cells
Authors: Schütz Gerhard J. , Axmann Markus , Freudenthaler Susanne , Schindler Hansgeorg , Kandror Kostya , Roder John C. , Jeromin Andreas 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTrafficking of secretory vesicles along neurites of PC12 cells was visualized by 2D and 3D real‐time imaging using fluorescence microscopy. Vesicle motion along distinct pathways was directly seen. From an overlay of individual pathways, the underlying cytoskeletal filament could be imaged at a subwavelength resolution. Continuous vesicle transport was interrupted by periods of diffusive motion with concomitant pathway changes. Statistical analysis shows that such interruptions were distributed stochastically along the filament, indicating a limited processivity of motor proteins also in a cellular context. Periods of diffusive motion facilitated the interaction with actively transported vesicles. Frequent associations and dissociations of vesicles have been observed consistently, pointing to a functional relevance of vesicle cotransport. Microsc. Res. Tech. 63:159–167, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of structural and hemostatic properties of the poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine Syvek Patch with products containing chitosan
Authors: Fischer Thomas H. , Connolly Raymond , Thatte Hemant S. , Schwaitzberg Steven S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPolysaccharides are becoming increasingly developed as therapeutics and medical products, as the new field of Glycomics expands. Glycosaminoglycans that contain N‐acetyl glucosamine constituents have been the focus of research leading to medical devices. A new hemostatic bandage, the Syvek Patch, has been introduced in the recent past for the control of bleeding at vascular access sites in interventional cardiology and radiology procedures. This product consists of poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine (pGlcNAc) isolated in a unique fiber crystalline structural form from the large‐scale culture and processing of a marine diatom. The Syvek pGlcNAc fiber material has chemical, physical, and biological properties that result in its favorable performance as a hemostat. Two new products, the Clo‐Sur PAD and ChitoSeal, have recently become available also as patch hemostats. These two products both use chitosan, another N‐acetyl glucosamine containing glycosaminoglycan, as their active ingredient. Structural, chemical, and biological comparisons of Syvek pGlcNAc and chitosan reveal a number of important differences. Syvek pGlcNAc fibers contain ∼50 fully acetylated, high molecular weight pGlcNAc molecules in a crystalline, three‐dimensional beta structure array, and are insoluble. Chitosan is a low molecular weight mixed amorphous cationic polymer with no regular structure as a solid, and is water‐soluble taking on a random coil configuration when in solution. These structural dissimilarities result in differences in the hemostatic properties of the two materials. Syvek pGlcNAc is able to significantly reduce the in vitro fibrin clot formation time of platelet‐rich plasma samples and has the ability to cause aggregation of red blood cells in vitro. Chitosan is no better than gauze or other controls in these in vitro assays. The Syvek Patch is able to control the bleeding and cause hemostasis in a coagulopathic swine spleen‐bleeding animal model 100% of the time, whereas Clo‐Sur PAD was completely unsuccessful (0%) and ChitoSeal (25%) was worse than a gauze pad control (50%) in the same model. Syvek pGlcNAc fibers have structural and chemical properties that provide a unique basis for their ability to interact with blood components to cause hemostasis. Chitosan does not have the same properties and capabilities. Microsc. Res. Tech. 63:168–174, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perisynaptic Schwann cells of the vertebrate motor endplate bear modified cilia
Authors: Voigt Tilman , Dauber Wolfgang , Kohler Ulrike 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPerisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), descendants of the myelinating Schwann cells, cover the axon terminal of the vertebrate motor endplate of the skeletal muscle fiber. PSCs are assumed to support the function of the axon terminal. This function suggests a net material transport in the direction of the axon terminal. Morphologically it is to be expected that these cells have a cytoskeleton aligned to the axon terminal. Investigations clarifying this statement have not yet been undertaken. From previous investigations we know, however, that the PSCs have a microtubule‐organizing center, which is a part of this cytoskeleton. The centrioles of the organizing center may also participate in the formation of a modified cilium structure whose function is unknown. In the present investigation, characteristic ultrastructural features of the modified cilium structure and its relationship to the Golgi apparatus and the axon terminal are presented. A function for the modified cilium structure is discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 63:149–154, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural features of bone marrow cells from patients with acquired sideroblastic anemia
Authors: Djaldetti Meir , Bergman Michael , Salman Hertzel , Cohen Amos M. , Bessler Hanna 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe ultrastructural findings of the bone marrow cells from 15 patients with acquired sideroblastic anemia are presented. The red cell precursors from all patients showed the presence of electron‐dense material in the mitochondria, representing most probably iron deposits. A great number of these mitochondria were completely destroyed. The erythropoietic precursors from one of the patients showed markedly elongated mitochondria that measured up to 3 μm. In addition numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed. The red cell precursors from 60% of the patients showed signs of dyserythropoiesis, such as incomplete nuclear division and nuclear distortion. The polymorphonuclears from 47% of the patients presented nuclear abnormalities expressed as nuclear bridges, appendices, and blebs. In addition, phagocytosis of red blood cells was observed. The results of the study underline the advantages of the transmission electron microscope examination in visualization of intricate alterations in hematopoietic cells that cannot be detected with a light microscope. Microsc. Res. Tech. 63:155–158, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of optical parametric oscillator for harmonic generation and two‐photon UV fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Kao Fu‐Jen 
Published: January 2004

AbstractUltrafast lasers have found increasing use in scanning optical microscopy due to their very high peak power in generating multiphoton excitations. A mode‐locked Ti:sapphire laser is often employed for such purposes. Together with a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO), the spectral range available can be extended to 1,050–1,300 nm. This broader range available greatly facilitates the excitation of second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) due to better satisfaction of phase matching condition that is achieved with a longer excitation wavelength. Dental sections are then investigated with the contrasts from harmonic generation. In addition, through intra‐cavity doubling wavelengths from 525–650 nm are made available for effective two‐photon (2‐p) excitation with the equivalent photon energy in the UVB range (290–320 nm) and beyond. This new capacity allows UV (auto‐) fluorescence excitation and imaging, for example, from some amino acids, such as tyrosine, tryptophan, and glycine. Microsc. Res. Tech. 63:175–181, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From head to tail: The myoseptal system in basal actinopterygians
Authors: Gemballa Sven , Röder Katrin 
Published: January 2004

AbstractExperimental studies indicated that myomeres play several functional roles during swimming. Some of the functions in question are thought to change rostrocaudally, e.g., anterior myomeres are thought to generate forces, whereas posterior myomeres are thought to transmit forces. In order to determine whether these putative functions are reflected in myoseptal morphology we carried out an analysis of the myoseptal system that includes epaxial and hypaxial myosepta of all body regions for the first time. We combined clearing and staining, microdissections, polarized light microscopy, SEM technique, and length measurements of myoseptal parts to reveal the spatial arrangement, collagen fiber architecture, and rostrocaudal gradients of myosepta. We included representatives of the four basal actinopterygian clades to evaluate our findings in an evolutionary and in a functional context. Our comparison revealed a set of actinopterygian groundplan features. This includes a set of specifically arranged myoseptal tendons (epineural, epipleural, lateral, and myorhabdoid tendons) in all epaxial and postanal hypaxial myosepta. Only preanal hypaxial myosepta lack tendons and exclusively consist of mediolateral fibers. Laterally, myosepta generally align with the helically wound fibers of the dermis in order not to limit the body's maximum curvature. Medially, the relationship of myosepta to vertebrae clearly differs from a 1:1 relationship : A myoseptum attaches to the anterior margin of a vertebra, turns caudally, and traverses at least three vertebrae in an almost horizontal orientation in all body regions. By this arrangement, horizontal multiple layers of myosepta are formed along the trunk dorsal and ventral to the horizontal septum. Due to their reinforcement by epineural or epipleural tendons, these multiple layers are hypothesized to resist the radial expansion of underlying muscle fibers and thus contribute to modulation of body stiffness. Rostrocaudally, a dorsoventral symmetry of epaxial and hypaxial myosepta in terms of spatial arrangement and collagen fiber architecture is gradually developed towards the postanal region. Furthermore, the rostrocaudal extension of myosepta measured between anterior and posterior cones gradually increases. This myoseptal region is reinforced by longitudinal fibers of lateral tendons. Furthermore, the percentage of connective tissue in a cross section increases. These morphological data indicate that posterior myosepta are equipped for multisegmental force transmission towards the caudal fin. Anteriormost myosepta have reinforced and elongated dorsal posterior cones. They are adequately designed to transmit epaxial muscular forces to the neurocranium in order to cause its elevation during suction feeding. J. Morphol. 259:155–171, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic comparison of serotonin‐immunoreactive neurons in representatives of the Chilopoda, Diplopoda, and Chelicerata: Implications for arthropod relationships
Authors: Harzsch Steffen 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships within the Arthropoda have been discussed controversially for more than a century. Comparative studies on structure and development of the nervous system have contributed important arguments to this discussion. Arthropods have individually identifiable neurons that can be used as characters in phylogenetic studies. In the present report, the arrangement of serotonin‐immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord was examined in seven representatives of the Chelicerata, Chilopoda, and Diplopoda. The goal of this analysis was to determine whether number, arrangement, and axonal morphology of the serotonergic neurons in these groups are similar to the pattern found in representatives of the Hexapoda and Crustacea, as explored in a previous study. The results indicate that the pattern in the seven species examined here does not correspond to that present in the Hexapoda and Crustacea. In particular, the pattern in Chilopoda and Diplopoda is clearly different from that of the Hexapoda. The hexapodan pattern most closely resembles that of the Crustacea. These findings are discussed with regard to recent reports on the mechanisms of neurogenesis in these taxa. Furthermore, the proposed ground patterns of the various groups are reconstructed and the characters are plotted on two competing hypotheses of arthropod phylogeny, the traditional Tracheata hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis derived from molecular and recent morphological data, the Tetraconata concept. The data discussed in this article moderately support the Tetraconata hypothesis. J. Morphol. 259:198–213, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Placental ontogeny of the Tasmanian scincid lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Reptilia: Squamata)
Authors: Stewart James R. , Thompson Michael B. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA prominent scenario for the evolution of reptilian placentation infers that placentotrophy arose by gradual modification of a simple vascular chorioallantoic placenta to a complex structure with a specialized region for nutrient transfer. The structure of the chorioallantoic placenta of Niveoscincus ocellatus, apparently described originally from a single embryonic stage, was interpreted as a transitional evolutionary type that provided support for the model. Recently, N. ocellatus has been found to be as placentotrophic as species with complex chorioallantoic placentae containing a specialized region called a placentome. We studied placental development in N. ocellatus and confirmed that the chorioallantoic placenta lacks specializations found in species with a placentome. We also found that this species has a specialized omphaloplacenta. The chorioallantoic placenta is confined to the region adjacent to the embryo by a membrane, similar to that found in some other viviparous skinks, that divides the egg into embryonic and abembryonic hemispheres. We term this structure the “inter‐omphalopleuric” membrane. The position of this membrane in N. ocellatus is closer to the embryonic pole of the egg than to the abembryonic pole and thus the surface area of the omphaloplacenta is greater than that of the chorioallantoic placenta. In addition, the omphaloplacenta is regionally diversified and more complex histologically than the chorioallantoic placenta. An impressive and unusual feature of the omphaloplacenta of N. ocellatus is the development of extensive overlapping folds in the embryonic component of mid‐gestation embryos. The histological complexity and extensive folding of the omphaloplacenta make this a likely site of placental transfer of nutrients in this species. J. Morphol. 259:214–237, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexual dimorphism in the craniofacial growth of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Farmer Meredith A. , German Rebecca Z. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractVariation between the sexes during ontogeny is frequently overlooked in discussions of the phylogenetic patterns of adult sexual dimorphism. Different growth trajectories can produce identical degrees and direction of adult dimorphism and the possibility exists that similarities in adults may be the result of differing growth patterns, suggesting independent evolutionary pathways among species to the seemingly identical adult morphology. We quantified the sexual dimorphism in craniofacial skeletal growth of Cavia porcellus, the guinea pig, using longitudinally collected radiographs. Guinea pigs have male‐biased sexual dimorphism in size and in growth parameters, despite literature reports to the contrary. These results, analyzed with equivalent data for five species of rodents, and two outgroups representing similarly sized mammals, a rabbit and a marsupial, indicate that some aspects of sexual differences in growth follow phylogenetic lines, while others are a function of whether the species has male‐ or female‐biased dimorphism. J. Morphol. 259:172–181, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of interkeratin matrix in differentiating lizard epidermis: An ultrastructural autoradiographic study after injection of tritiated proline and histidine
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractDuring epidermal differentiation in mammals, keratins and keratin‐associated matrix proteins rich in histidine are synthesized to produce a corneous layer. Little is known about interkeratin proteins in nonmammalian vertebrates, especially in reptiles. Using ultrastructural autoradiography after injection of tritiated proline or histidine, the cytological process of synthesis of beta‐keratin and interkeratin material was studied during differentiation of the epidermis of lizards. Proline is mainly incorporated in newly synthesized beta‐keratin in beta‐cells, and less in oberhautchen cells. Labeling is mainly seen among ribosomes within 30 min postinjection and appears in beta‐keratin packets or long filaments 1–3 h later. Beta‐keratin appears as an electron‐pale matrix material that completely replaces alpha‐keratin filaments in cells of the beta‐layer. Tritiated histidine is mainly incorporated into keratohyalin‐like granules of the clear layer, in dense keratin bundles of the oberhautchen layer, and also in dense keratin filaments of the alpha and lacunar layer. The detailed ultrastructural study shows that histidine‐labeling is localized over a dense amorphous material associated with keratin filaments or in keratohyalin‐like granules. Large keratohyalin‐like granules take up labeled material at 5–22 h postinjection of tritiated histidine. This suggests that histidine is utilized for the synthesis of keratins and keratin‐associated matrix material in alpha‐keratinizing cells and in oberhautchen cells. As oberhautchen cells fuse with subjacent beta‐cells to form a syncytium, two changes occur : incorporation of tritiated histidine, but uptake of proline increases. The incorporation of tritiated histidine in oberhautchen cells lowers after merging with cells of the beta‐layer, whereas instead proline uptake increases. In beta‐cells histidine‐labeling is lower and randomly distributed over the cytoplasm and beta‐keratin filaments. Thus, change in histidine uptake somehow indicates the transition from alpha‐ to beta‐keratogenesis. This study indicates that a functional stratum corneum in the epidermis of amniotes originates only after the association of matrix and corneous cell envelope proteins with the original keratin scaffold of keratinocytes. J. Morphol. 259:182–197, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.