bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the silica surfaces by red blood cells
Authors: Gerashchenko Bogdan I. , Gun'ko Vladimir M. , Gerashchenko Igor I. , Mironyuk Ivan F. , Leboda Roman , Hosoya Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe polymorphic forms of silica (silicon dioxide; SiO2) interact with the cell membranes of many mammalian cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), causing hemolysis. The electrostatic factor, which is believed to be a major contributor to the silica‐cell contact, might have potential interest for the study of cell surface properties. The surface properties of SiO2 particles are also of interest.MethodsWashed human RBCs interacted with the particles of highly dispersed fumed silica (Aerosil A‐300) and silicas (nine samples) obtained from the initial A‐300 by its dehydroxylation at various thermal conditions. Their light scatter (forward and side light scatter) in 0.01% silica solution was measured uninterruptedly within the first 5 min of the reaction by flow cytometry (flow erythrogram). The hemolytic effect of SiO2 particles was evaluated by photometric measurement of hemoglobin in the supernatant 90 min after the reaction.ResultsLight scatter of affected RBCs and the degree of hemolysis revealed that the surface properties of SiO2 particles had various effects on the RBCs. After thermal reduction of the surface hydroxyl groups, the membranotoxic effect of silica increased and then decreased.ConclusionsRBCs offer a convenient and informative model for examining the surface properties of silica. Cytometry 49:56–61, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative analysis of comparative genomic hybridization microarray technologies: Report of a workshop sponsored by the Wellcome Trust
Authors: Carter N.P. , Fiegler H. , Piper J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundArray‐comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), although providing much higher resolution compared with conventional CGH, has not yet become a widely applied method for the analysis of genomic gains and losses.MethodsIn January 2002, the Wellcome Trust sponsored a workshop where many of the laboratories developing this technology met to compare different methodologies for array‐CGH. Fourteen groups participated, comprising 11 from Europe and 3 from the United States. To facilitate objective analysis, each laboratory constructed arrays using the same anonymous clones and performed a series of test hybridizations using identical genomic DNAs.ResultsA figure of merit (FM) was developed to summarize entire collections of data from each laboratory in a single measurement. The FMs consistently showed that a few groups produced quantitative array hybridization data of high quality, whereas a majority achieved a lower standard.ConclusionsThe conclusions of the workshop were that polymerase chain reaction‐based methods for the amplification of large insert clones for arraying were effective for array‐CGH. It was also concluded that hybridizations performed under coverslips or in automated hybridization apparatus were less effective than hybridizations performed in simple wells with gentle rocking. A common experience by the participants was the batch‐to‐batch variability of commercial Cot1 preparations in their ability to suppress hybridization to repeat sequences. (Supplementary material for this article can be found in the online issue, which is available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0196‐4763/suppmat/49_2/v49.43.html or at http://www.sanger.ac.uk/HGP/Cytogenetics/Publications/Cytometry Sept 2002/Supplemental.pdf.) Cytometry 49:43–48, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost of screening for cancerous and precancerous lesions of the cervix
Authors: Méréa Estelle , Le Galès Catherine , Cochand‐Priollet Beatrix , Cartier Isabelle , de Crémoux Patricia , Vacher‐Lavenu Marie Cécile , Vielh Philippe , Coste Joël 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper is part of the cost‐effectiveness study of cervical cancer screening conducted by the French Society of Clinical Cytology (SFCC). It describes the evaluation of costs of conventional smear tests, thin‐layer smear tests (ThinPrep 2000 system), and viral typing by the HCS® test.For 100,000 examinations per year, the average cost of a conventional smear test is $11.53 in a private anatomo‐pathology clinic. The cost of the thin‐layer test for the same number of examinations and in the same type of clinic is $13.93. For 20,000 annual tests, the average cost of human papillomavirus (HPV) is $23.43 in the public sector and $23.48 in the private one.The higher price of the thin‐layer method is only justifiable if this screening technique outperforms the conventional method. Furthermore, the high cost of the HPV test means that its integration into a population‐based screening program must be carefully defined. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:251–257. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Yawning and behavioral states in premature infants
Authors: Giganti Fiorenza , Hayes Marie J. , Akilesh Manjapra R. , Salzarulo Piero 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLow risk, premature infants between 30 to 35 weeks post‐conceptual age (PCA) residing in an neonatal intensive care unit environment were observed in the home incubator for spontaneous yawning from 2400 to 0500 hr. Videorecordings were analyzed for the behavioral states of quiet sleep (QS), active sleep (AS), wake (W), and drowse (D) in 3‐min epochs as well as the contextual behaviors before and after yawn events using a 1‐min window. Yawning periods predicted higher levels of motoric activation than nonyawn periods. Sequence analysis of preceding and following states with or without yawns were examined for stability or change. All states with or without yawn events had state stability for the preceding and following epochs, with two exceptions: 1) D state with yawning was associated with state change in the preceding 3‐min epoch (most often W), and 2) D state without yawning was associated with state change in the following epoch (W or AS). Yawns were not present in QS. The results suggest that yawning is associated with increased behavioral arousal that is not state‐specific. However, yawning in D state predicts state transitions in the preceding, but not the following, epoch. It is proposed that D may be an unstable state that becomes more stable when yawning is present. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 41: 289–296, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.10047
Intertrial interval manipulations and passive avoidance retention in young Long‐Evans hooded rats
Authors: Hinderliter Charles F. , Riccio David C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResults of several studies indicate that young rats generally require more training than do adults to reach comparable criterion levels of passive avoidance behavior. In addition, younger rats generally show poorer retention performance than adults. In the present study, preweanling and weanling Long‐Evans rats were given passive avoidance training at intertrial intervals (ITI) of 2 min, 1 hr, or 24 hr until a 600‐s criterion was obtained. A 2‐week retention test also was given to each subject. Results indicate that ITI had little effect on rate of acquisition or retention. Acquisition and retention performance did improve with age, as is typically reported with other strains of rats. The present results support previous acquisition and retention studies indicating that the ability to acquire and retain a passive avoidance task for weanling and preweanling rats increases with age. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 41: 197–204, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.10068
Distribution of laminin 5, integrin receptors, and branching morphogenesis during human fetal lung development
Authors: Coraux Christelle , Meneguzzi Guerrino , Rousselle Patricia , Puchelle Edith , Gaillard Dominique 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe role of the epithelial adhesion ligand laminin 5 (LN5) in lung development has been poorly investigated. To determine its potential involvement in lung organogenesis, we used immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the distribution of LN5 and its integrin (Int) receptors α2β1, α3β1, α6β1, and α6β4 during human fetal airway branching morphogenesis and respiratory epithelium differentiation. At the pseudoglandular and canalicular stages of airway development, LN5 and its constituent chains were localized in the basement membrane (BM) of the proximal respiratory tubules and in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells forming the growing epithelial buds, which expressed Int α2β1, α3β1, and, transiently, α6β1. At the alveolar and adult stages, LN5 and its constituent chains were localized both in the BM of evolving and differentiated bronchioles and in the alveolar parenchyma. The bronchiolar epithelium markedly expressed Int α2β1 and α3β1, whereas the alveolar parenchyma strongly expressed Int α2β1, α3β1, and α6β1. Throughout fetal development and in the adult, LN5 and its constituent chains were detected both in the tracheal BM, regardless of the degree of epithelial differentiation, and in the cytoplasm of the cells at the invading front of the growing glandular ducts. Ultrastructural studies showed that nucleation of the hemidesmosomes (HDs) correlated with the differentiation of the tracheal epithelium. These results suggest that LN5 may play multiple roles during branching morphogenesis, by modulating proliferation and/or migration of the epithelial cells in the respiratory buds and by establishing branch points, through interaction initially with Int α6β1 and later with Int α2β1 and α3β1. We also propose that LN5 may regulate the differentiation of the tracheal epithelium by means of Int‐β4, which governs HD nucleation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precocious expression of cardiac troponin T in early chick embryos is independent of bone morphogenetic protein signaling
Authors: Antin Parker B. , Bates Mark A. , Zhang Wenjun , Garriock Robert J. , Yatskievych Tatiana A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCardiac troponin T (cTNT) is a component of the troponin complex, which confers calcium sensitivity to contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Although it is thought that most components of the contractile myofibril are expressed exclusively in differentiated muscle cells, we observed that mRNAs coding for cTNT were detectable in explanted late gastrula mesoderm at least 12 hr before cardiac myocyte differentiation. We therefore conducted a detailed analysis of cTNT gene expression in the early chick embryo. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization studies showed that by Hamburger and Hamilton stage 5, cTNT mRNAs are detectable in lateral mesoderm and, by stage 6, are observed throughout the lateral embryonic and extraembryonic mesoderm in a distribution that is much broader than the recognized heart field. As myocardial cell differentiation commences, cTNT transcripts become progressively localized to the forming heart and, by stage 14, are completely restricted to heart muscle cells. Western blot analyses demonstrated that cTNT protein expression is under translational control, as cTNT protein is not detectable until stage 9, concomitant with myocardial cell differentiation. Removal of endoderm at stage 5 had no effect on cTNT mRNA levels, and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor noggin failed to block cTNT expression, even in the heart‐forming region and in cases where heart formation was inhibited. Implantation of noggin‐expressing CHO cells at the anterior midline of stage 7 embryos resulted in cardia bifida. These findings demonstrate the precocious, BMP‐independent expression of a gene coding for a myofibrillar protein and suggest that an additional regulatory pathway exists for activation of some cardiogenic genes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beam propagation method based on finite element scheme and its application to optical waveguide analysis
Authors: Koshiba Masanori 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn regard to the beam propagation method (BPM), one of the indispensable analysis tools for the design of optical waveguide devices and optical circuits, this paper treats the FE‐BPM based on the finite element method, which allows an efficient analysis using adaptive meshes and provides basic concepts. The paper also refers to the time‐domain BPM, which can automatically take care of the reflected wave, and to the imaginary‐distance BPM, which can easily carry out eigenmode analysis including leaky modes. In addition to examples of generated adaptive meshes, analysis examples of photonic crystal circuits and three‐dimensional ARROW waveguides are presented so that the effectiveness and usefulness of the FE‐BPM are demonstrated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(10): 29–39, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1112
Amplification of information signals in chaotic masking
Authors: Nagai Tachiki , Hamano Hidetomo , Yoshida Tomoki , Aida Noriyuki , Hatasawa Yasunari , Matsumoto Takashi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper considers chaotic masking and reports on the amplification of the information signal, which is observed in restoring the information signal, together with its mechanism. The systems considered in this paper are the R‐L‐Diode circuit, the Lorenz system, and the generalized Hopfield network. It is found that the result of restoration depends on the frequency of the information signal, and it is intended to account for the amplification phenomenon by examining the frequency characteristics of these systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 89–95, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1134
Alterations of plasma antioxidants and mitochondrial DNA mutation in hair follicles of smokers
Authors: Liu Chin‐San , Chen Haw‐Wen , Lii Chong‐Kuei , Tsai Ching‐Shan , Kuo Chen‐Ling , Wei Yau‐Huei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of long‐term smoking on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in hair follicles were investigated in subjects with different antioxidant capacity. Twenty‐two male smokers with a smoking index of greater than 5 pack‐years and without any known systemic diseases were recruited for this study. Forty healthy nonsmoking males were included as controls. We found that the concentrations of ascorbate and α‐tocopherol and the activities of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase in blood plasma were significantly decreased in smokers. The levels of glutathione and protein thiols in whole blood and the incidence of a 4,977 bp deletion of mtDNA (dmtDNA) in hair follicles were significantly increased in smokers. A significantly higher incidence of the 4,977 bp dmtDNA was found in smokers with plasma GST activity less than 5.66 U/l (OR = 7.2, P = 0.020). Using multiple covariate ANOVA and logistic regression, we found that age and low plasma GST activity were the only two risk factors for the 4,977 bp dmtDNA. These results suggest that smoking depletes antioxidants and causes mtDNA deletions and that plasma GST may play an important role in the preservation of the mitochondrial genome in tissue cells of smokers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:168–174, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphic metabolizing genes and susceptibility to atherosclerosis among cigarette smokers
Authors: Salama Salama A. , Au William W. , Hunter Glenn C. , Sheahan Richard G. , Badary Osama A. , Abdel‐Naim Ashraf B. , Hamada Farid M.A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AR) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and cigarette smoking is a major contributing factor to the disease. Like cigarette smoking in lung cancer, genetic susceptibility may be an important factor in determining who is more likely to develop AR. However, the current emphasis has been on susceptibility based on altered cardiovascular homeostasis. In this investigation, we studied 120 AR patients and 90 matched controls to elucidate the association between polymorphisms in some metabolizing genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP2E1, mEH, PON1, and MPO) and susceptibility to AR. We found that the GSTT1 null allele and the fast allele of mEH* (exon 4) are associated with risk for AR. Furthermore, the combined genotypes GSTM1 null/ CYP2E1*5B, GSTM1 null/mEH YY, and GSTT1 null/mEH YY are significantly associated with susceptibility to AR (OR = 15.42, 95% CI = 1.33–77.93, P = 0.021; OR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.63–8.04, P = 0.0008; OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 0.99–17.38, P = 0.05; respectively). We have also conducted cytogenetic analysis to elucidate if induction of chromosome aberrations (CAs) is a biomarker of AR susceptibility. We found that among cigarette smokers (AR patients and smoker controls), individuals having the GSTM1 null allele had a significantly higher frequency of CAs compared to those with the normal allele (P < 0.05). This association was not found among nonsmokers. In addition, individuals who had inherited the CYP2E1*5B allele exhibited a significantly higher CA frequency (8.0 ± 0.82) compared to those with the CYP2E1 wild‐type genotype (4.31 ± 0.35). Since the analysis of genetic susceptibility factors is still in its infancy, our study may stimulate additional investigations to understand the roles of genetic susceptibility and cigarette smoking in AR. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:153–160, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heavy‐ion‐induced mutations in the gpt delta transgenic mouse: Comparison of mutation spectra induced by heavy‐ion, X‐ray, and γ‐ray radiation
Authors: Masumura Ken‐ichi , Kuniya Kensuke , Kurobe Toshihiro , Fukuoka Masamichi , Yatagai Fumio , Nohmi Takehiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHeavy‐ion radiation accounts for the major component of absorbed cosmic radiation and is thus regarded as a significant risk during long‐term manned space missions. To evaluate the genetic damage induced by heavy particle radiation, gpt delta transgenic mice were exposed to carbon particle irradiation and the induced mutations were compared with those induced by reference radiations, i.e., X‐rays and γ‐rays. In the transgenic mouse model, deletions and point mutations were individually identified as Spi‐ and gpt mutations, respectively. Two days after 10 Gy of whole‐body irradiation, the mutant frequencies (MFs) of Spi‐ and gpt were determined. Carbon particle irradiation significantly increased Spi‐ MF in the liver, spleen, and kidney but not in the testis, suggesting an organ‐specific induction of mutations by heavy‐ion irradiation. In the liver, the potency of inducing Spi‐ mutation was highest for carbon particles (3.3‐fold increase) followed by X‐rays (2.1‐fold increase) and γ‐rays (1.3‐fold increase), while the potency of inducing gpt mutations was highest for γ‐rays (3.3‐fold increase) followed by X‐rays (2.1‐fold increase) and carbon particles (1.6‐fold increase). DNA sequence analysis revealed that carbon particles induced deletions that were mainly more than 1,000 base pairs in size, whereas γ‐rays induced deletions of less than 100 base pairs and base substitutions. X‐rays induced various‐sized deletions and base substitutions. These results suggest that heavy‐ion beam irradiation is effective at inducing deletions via DNA double‐strand breaks but less effective than X‐ray and γ‐ray irradiation at producing oxidative DNA damage by free radicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:207–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of quantitative tools for improved environmental decision‐making in arid environments
Authors: de Soyza Amrita G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe tools available for rapid and accurate evaluations of the condition of ecosystems in arid environments have undergone major developments, much of this due to recent research in the southwestern U.S. Ecosystem health is now largely viewed as a function of the ability to retain soil and water resources; and indicators for monitoring have become increasingly quantitative and reflective of the ability to retain these resources. Quantitative data on rangeland health indicators have also been useful to identify state‐transition thresholds which are essential for effective ecosystem management. In more recent studies, we have been investigating the potential for using quantitative bioindicators of plant function to predict the potential long‐term effects of catastrophic stressors. The case‐study here is of coastal mangroves (Avicennia marina) smeared with oil from a marine oil‐spill. Early understanding of the potential long‐term effects should allow more informed decision‐making on how best to preserve or remediate affected systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meshing noise effect in design of experiments using computer experiments
Authors: Caire J. P. , Chifflet H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis work is intended to show the influence of grid length and meshing technique on the empirical modeling of current distribution in an industrial electroplating reactor. This study confirms the interest of usual DOEs for computer experiments. Any 2D mesh generator induced, in this sensitive case, a significant noise representing only less than 5 per cent of the response. The ‘experimental error’ obeys a normal distribution and the associated replicate SDs represents 20 per cent of the global residual standard deviation. The geometry seems also to influence the corresponding noise. If the current density uniformity could be considered as a severe test, it is obvious that the noise generated by meshing would be amplified for 3D grids that will be in common use in future years. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Monge–Kantorovitch mass transfer and its computational fluid mechanics formulation
Authors: Benamou J.‐D. , Brenier Y. , Guittet K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper explains how computational fluid mechanics (CFM) concepts can be used to solve the Monge–Kantorovitch mass transfer type of problems (MKP). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Augmented spaces, two‐level methods, and stabilizing subgrids
Authors: Brezzi F. , Marini L. D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStarting from the already known relationship between stabilized methods, augmented spaces and residual‐free bubbles (RFB), the paper introduces a possible way of mimicking the effect of RFB just by constructing a suitable subgrid and then solving the standard Galerkin equations on the modified grid. Concentrating on the model problem of linear convection‐dominated equations, we give sufficient conditions on the subgrid that ensure stability, and error bounds of the same type of standard stabilizing procedures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Material stretching in laminar mixing flows: extended mapping technique applied to the journal bearing flow
Authors: Anderson P. D. , Galaktionov O. S. , Peters G. W. M. , Meijer H. E. H. , Tucker C. L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper deals with chaotic mixing in the journal bearing flow. A recently developed mapping technique is used to study the dynamics of this well‐known prototype mixing flow. Eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the resulting mapping matrix are used to reveal different zones of mixing. Moreover, an extension of the technique, adding an area tensor to described structure on cell level, is used to determine rate of interfacial area during mixing. The technique is shown to be consistent with the more consuming front tracking model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.