bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Ru0/Ru4+ Adjacent Dual Sites Construction by Copper Switch for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xi Wenshan , Jin Lujie , Mahmood Asif , Zhang Weikai , Li Youyong , Li Hui , An Pengfei , Zhang Jing , Ma Tianyi , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Yan Junqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) always needs the nearby dual sites of water adsorption and H2 generation, and Ruthenium‐based electrocatalysts are promising alternatives to platinum‐based materials. However, achieving both high efficiency and long‐term stability in the construction of the dual sites is still challenging. Herein, Cu‐doped RuO2 (Cu‐RuO2) is reported and undergoes instant activation for Ru0 production at the low potential state preceding the HER. The Cu2+ ions are demonstrated to work as the switch for obtaining the activated sample of Cu‐RuO2‐AC, which possesses the Ru‐RuO2 structure. The sample of Cu‐RuO2‐AC gives an overpotential of only 19 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 32.8 mV dec−1. Moreover, at the mass activity of 1 A mgRu−1, it only needs 88 mV, which is lower than the 343 mV of commercial 40% Ru/C, or the 154 mV of activated bare RuO2 (RuO2‐AC). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Cu2+ doping activates the nearby Ru4+. A two‐electrode H‐cell device of Cu‐RuO2‐AC||Cu‐RuO2 needs only 1.66 and 1.78 V versus RHE to achieve a current density of 100 and 200 mA cm−2 of overall water splitting. This research can help design more efficient dual‐site HER electrocatalysts.
Mediation effects of lean mass and fat mass on the relationship between body mass index and handgrip strength
Authors: Bim Mateus Augusto , de Pinto André de Araújo , Claumann Gaia Salvador , Pelegrini Andreia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the mediation effects of lean mass and fat mass on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) in adolescents.MethodThe sample included 118 adolescents (60 girls) aged 10–14 years. Body composition, determined from lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM), was measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. HGS was measured using a digital dynamometer. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and sexual maturation, treated as covariates, were evaluated by accelerometry and pubic hair development, respectively. Spearman correlation and simple mediation analysis were used for statistical analysis.ResultsA positive relationship was observed between BMI and HGS (rho = .364, p < .001), BMI and LM (rho = .466, p < .001), LM and HGS (rho = .784, p < .001), BMI and FM (rho = .907, p < .001), and FM and HGS (rho = .291, p = .001). LM was the only significant mediator of the relationship between BMI and HGS.ConclusionOnly LM mediated the association between BMI and HGS, almost entirely explaining the relationship. The findings reinforce the need to include LM measurements in routine strength testing. Furthermore, strategies focused on LM development may be promising in preventing low muscle strength in adolescents.
Electrochemical Oxidative Sulfenocyclization of Alkenoic Acids with Disulfides for the Synthesis of Lactones
Authors: Zhang Kailin , Wang Jijin , Wang Xuecheng , Zhao Jincan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA direct electrochemical oxidative sulfenocyclization of alkenoic acids with disulfides for the synthesis of substituted lactone derivatives has been developed under metal‐free and oxidant‐free conditions. The simple undivided cell with platinum/platinum electrode setups offers broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility, affording a series of thio‐substituted lactones in moderate to good chemical yields. Furthermore, the mechanism has been investigated by control experiments and cyclic voltammetry.
Baizhu‐Baishao herb pair ameliorates functional constipation and intestinal microflora disorder in rats
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Wang Xiaoting , Wang Ziyan , Guan Jiaqi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn China, Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae‐Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Biazhu‐Baishao, BZBS) is a classic herb pair used to treat intestinal stress syndrome, ulcerative colitis and other diseases. However, the mechanism of BZBS in the treatment of functional constipation (FC) has been little studied and remains unclear. In this study, a behavioral investigation, colon tissue morphology, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) and intestinal microflora analysis have been used to illuminate the potential mechanism of the effects of BZBS on FC in a rat model.MethodsA FC rat model was constructed and BZBS was given as treatment. Observations and recordings were made of the fecal moisture content, the defecation time of the first black stool, and the rate of intestinal propulsion. Elisa was used to detect the expression levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in the colon. To ascertain the composition of the microbial community, a high throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing technique was employed.ResultsOral administration of BZBS significantly ameliorated several key excretion parameters, including the time to first black stool defecation, stool water content, and the propulsion rate in the small intestine in FC rats. It increased the expression of SP, VIP and 5‐HT in the colon. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that BZBS changed the microbial community structure, decreased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, increased the relative abundance of Blautia and Fusicatenibacter, and decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Roseburia.ConclusionsBZBS effectively alleviates FC and improves dysbacteriosis.
Partial differential equation‐based multiagent systems formation‐containment control with α‐leader input delay
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Zhengjie , Wang Yue , Xu Genqi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the formation‐containment problem for a multiagent system, where the agents are classified into containment followers, formation leaders, anchor leader, and
‐leader. The
‐leader stabilizes formation leaders to desired formation deployment, while formation leaders adopt local state feedback distributed control law without desired formation position and the anchor leader fixes to its desired position. The containment followers adopted consensus distributed control law and converge to the convex hull spanned by the leader agents. Formation leaders' distributed control law parameters are proposed based on the discrete form of the desired partial differential equation (PDE) formation deployment, which is stabilized by the
‐leader agent and transited by communication topology. Based on its neighbor leader agent's delay state,
‐leader control law designed an integral‐type delay‐compensated control law by the backstepping method and the equivalence principle. In order to prove the rightness and existence of delay‐compensated control law, the well‐posedness of kernel functions are given by
semigroup perturbation theory and solutions in the sense of distribution. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the theoretical results.
Suprapubic catheter change: Evaluating YouTube videos as a resource for teaching junior doctors
Authors: Milton Thomas , Stapleton Peter , Noll Darcy , Satheakeerthy Shrirajh , Hewitt Joseph , Couchman Ashani 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to assess the current level of experience and teaching practices for SPC change at our institution and, second, to assess the quality of YouTube videos as an educational tool for teaching SPC change.MethodsA survey was conducted of 40 JMOs at our institution regarding SPC change. The first 20 YouTube videos on SPC change were included for analysis. A JAMA and DISCERN score was calculated for each video. Using linear regression, the association between collected variables and the assigned JAMA and DISCERN scores were determined.ResultsThe survey showed that 18 (45%) of JMOs had done an SPC change. None had received formal teaching. The consensus was that the quality of the YouTube videos was poor. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the score assigned to videos by each scoring system (Pearson's r 0.81, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between video quality as measured by either of the scoring systems and number of views. No association between any video characteristic and JAMA and DISCERN score was found.ConclusionAn SPC change is often a requirement of JMOs; however, this skill is not formally taught. The quality of YouTube videos describing an SPC change is poor.
Multiple testing of composite null hypotheses for discrete data using randomized p‐values
Authors: Ochieng Daniel , Hoang Anh‐Tuan , Dickhaus Thorsten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractP‐values that are derived from continuously distributed test statistics are typically uniformly distributed on (0,1) under least favorable parameter configurations (LFCs) in the null hypothesis. Conservativeness of a p‐value P (meaning that P is under the null hypothesis stochastically larger than uniform on (0,1)) can occur if the test statistic from which P is derived is discrete, or if the true parameter value under the null is not an LFC. To deal with both of these sources of conservativeness, we present two approaches utilizing randomized p‐values. We illustrate their effectiveness for testing a composite null hypothesis under a binomial model. We also give an example of how the proposed p‐values can be used to test a composite null in group testing designs. We find that the proposed randomized p‐values are less conservative compared to nonrandomized p‐values under the null hypothesis, but that they are stochastically not smaller under the alternative. The problem of establishing the validity of randomized p‐values has received attention in previous literature. We show that our proposed randomized p‐values are valid under various discrete statistical models, which are such that the distribution of the corresponding test statistic belongs to an exponential family. The behavior of the power function for the tests based on the proposed randomized p‐values as a function of the sample size is also investigated. Simulations and a real data example are used to compare the different considered p‐values.
New Phenylthiazoles: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation as Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti‐COVID‐19 Candidates
Authors: Shahin Inas G. , Mohamed Khaled O. , Taher Azza T. , Elsebaei Mohamed M. , Mayhoub Abdelrahman S. , Kassab Asmaa E. , Elshewy Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe combination of antibacterial and antiviral agents is becoming a very important aspect of dealing with resistant bacterial and viral infections. The N‐phenylthiazole scaffold was found to possess significant anti‐MRSA, antifungal, and anti‐COVID‐19 activities as previously published; hence, a slight refinement was proposed to attach various alkyne lipophilic tails to this promising scaffold, to investigate their effects on the antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized compounds and to provide a valuable structure–activity relationship. Phenylthiazole 4 m exhibited the most potent anti‐MRSA activity with 8 μg/mL MIC value. Compounds 4 k and 4 m demonstrated potent activity against Clostridium difficile with MIC values of 2 μg/mL and moderate activity against Candida albicans with MIC value of 4 μg/mL. When analyzed for their anti‐COVID‐19 inhibitory effect, compound 4 b emerged with IC50=1269 nM and the highest selectivity of 138.86 and this was supported by its binding score of −5.21 kcal mol−1 when docked against SARS‐CoV‐2 M pro. Two H‐bonds were formed, one with His164 and the other with Met49 stabilizing phenylthiazole derivative 4 b, inside the binding pocket. Additionally, it created two arene‐H bonds with Asn142 and Glu166, through the phenylthiazole scaffold and one arene‐H bond with Leu141 via the phenyl ring of the lipophilic tail.
Continuous blood purification in patients with pheochromocytoma crisis: A case report
Authors: Zhong Meinong , Zhu Yuanqiang , Wang Shaofang , Fang Hengying , Chen Guili 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessagePheochromocytoma crisis accompanied by multi‐organ failure necessitates prompt and comprehensive interventions, including VA‐ECMO, CRRT, and others. Successful laparoscopic tumor resection promotes favorable outcomes and recovery.AbstractPheochromocytoma crisis is commonly associated with high mortality, high surgical risk, and rapidly fatal complications. This article presented successful treatments and nursing experiences in a patient with pheochromocytoma who developed cardiogenic shock and multiple organ failure. We report a case study of a 32‐year‐old female patient who experienced pheochromocytoma crisis accompanied by multiple organ failure. Initial assessment of bedside echocardiography revealed an extremely low left ventricular ejection fraction of 8%. The patient was promptly resuscitated though tracheal intubation and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO), in conjunction with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), alpha‐blockers, beta‐blockers, and other pharmacological interventions to manage blood pressure and heart rate. These interventions resulted in a remarkable increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction of 67%. However, the patient subsequently developed severe sepsis, which may have been caused by the intubation procedure, necessitating the discontinuation of VA‐ECMO while maintaining CRRT. Close monitoring of plasma catecholamine metabolite level, hemodynamic index, inflammatory marker, liver and kidney functions, and electrolytes during CRRT support allows for evaluating the efficacy of these measures and assessing the impact of CRRT on pheochromocytoma crisis. Eventually, the patient successfully underwent laparoscopic resection of a large pheochromocytoma, leading to favorable prognosis and a successful recovery. Continuous blood purification therapy can effectively eliminate catecholamines and their byproducts from the plasma, stabilize hemodynamics, improve heart, liver, and kidney functions, significantly reduce inflammatory cytokine levels significantly, and extend the surgical window for patients.
Traumatic subconjunctival lens dislocation
Authors: Motamed Shariati Mehrdad , Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Hashemi Javaheri Zeinab 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageTraumatic crystallin lens dislocation is a common complication following open globe injuries. Wound repair, lensectomy, and prophylactic antibiotic administration are essentials in the management.
The benefit of pancreatic cancer surveillance in carriers of germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants
Authors: Laish Ido , Schechter Menachem , Dancour Alain , Lieberman Sari , Levi Zohar , Goldberg Yael , Kedar Inbal , Hasnis Erez , Half Elizabeth , Levi Gili Reznick , Katz Lior , Vainer Elez D. , Genzel Dor , Aharoni Maya , Chen‐Shtoyerman Rakefet , Abu‐Freha Naim , Raitses‐Gurevich Maria , Golan Talia , Bernstein‐Molho Rinat , Ben Yehoyada Merav , Gluck Nathan , Rosner Guy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance of high‐risk individuals for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is recommended. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and outcomes of PDAC and its precursor lesions in BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) carriers undergoing pancreatic surveillance.MethodsA retrospective multicenter cohort study of pancreatic surveillance outcomes in Israeli BRCA1/2 carriers preferably with a family history of PDAC.ResultsA total of 180 asymptomatic carriers participated in the screening programs, including 57 (31.7%) with BRCA1 PVs, 121 (67.2%) with BRCA2 PVs, and 12 (6.6%) with PVs in BRCA1/2 and other genes, for a median follow‐up period of 4 years. Ninety‐one individuals (50.5%) fulfilled the International Cancer of the Pancreas Screening (CAPS) criteria for surveillance whereas 116 (64.4%) fulfilled the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) criteria. There were four cases of adenocarcinoma and four cases of grade 1‐neuroendocrine tumor (G1‐NET). All were BRCA2 carriers, and two had no family history of PDAC. Three cancer patients were at resectable stages (IA, IIA, IIB) whereas one had a stage IIIB tumor. Of the G1‐NET cases, one had surgery and the others were only followed. Success rate for detection of confined pancreatic carcinoma was thus 1.6% (three of 180) in the whole cohort, 1.6% (two of 116) among individuals who fulfilled ACG criteria and 2.2% (two of 91) in those fulfilling CAPS criteria for surveillance.ConclusionsDespite the low detection rate of PDAC and its' high‐risk neoplastic precursor lesions among BRCA1/2 carriers undergoing pancreatic surveillance, 75% of cancer cases were detected at a resectable stage.
The critical role of coastal protected areas in buffering impacts of extreme climatic conditions on bird diversity and their ecosystem services' provisioning in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Mokotjomela Thabiso Michael , Vukeya Loyd Rodney , Pamla Lwandiso , Scott Zimbini 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we documented the diversity of bird species in the Eastern Cape coastal nature reserves (i.e., Hluleka, Dwesa, Silaka and Mkhambati nature reserves), and determined the potential role of each bird species in habitat maintenance using two functional traits (i.e., body mass and feeding mode) as the function's proxy. We applied the timed species count approach during bird observations, coupled with drive‐by surveys to maximise spatial coverage of each nature reserve over four years. To evaluate functional diversity, bird species were classified based on functional traits such as the adult body, and their potential ecological role derived from their feeding mode and habitat associations. Over 864 h, we accumulated 818 bird records containing 178 different bird species that were classified into 58 families with 32 species occurring in all nature reserves. Shannon–Wiener Diversity Indices showed very high overall species diversity across the nature reserves (H > 3.5) with no differences detected across sites. Although no significant correlations between vegetation changes measured through Normalised Difference vegetation Index (NDVI) in each nature reserve and the number of bird records, forest bird species were dominant (42.1%; N = 178) throughout years of observation and diversity remained high (H > 3.5). Bird species abundance only increased significantly across all nature reserves during 2018–2019. All four nature reserves had a similar distribution of bird functional traits with both high functional richness (FRic = 1), and divergence (FDiv = 0.8) and moderate evenness (FEve = 0.4). Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) demonstrated a positive correlation between bird sizes and functions with large birds mainly associated with predators and carrion. Small birds and medium birds had a similar composition of species in terms of functionality being seed dispersers across the nature reserves. A significant effect that insectivores and carrions displayed in MCA plots, suggest the availability of indirect pollination services. Despite extreme drought conditions across the country in 2019, NDVI levels remained largely consistent over time in these four reserves; and thus, they offer important refuge for birds during extreme climatic conditions such as drought.
Wetland productivity determines trade‐off between biodiversity support and greenhouse gas production
Authors: Åhlén David , Peacock Mike , Brodin Yngve , Hambäck Peter A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEstablishing wetlands for nutrient capture and biodiversity support may introduce trade‐offs between environmentally beneficial functions and detrimental greenhouse gas emissions. Investigating the interaction of nutrient capture, primary production, greenhouse gas production and biodiversity support is imperative to understanding the overall function of wetlands and determining possible beneficial synergistic effects and trade‐offs. Here, we present temporally replicated data from 17 wetlands in hemi‐boreal Sweden. We explored the relationship between nutrient load, primary producing algae, production of methane and nitrous oxide, and emergence rates of chironomids to determine what factors affected each and how they related to each other. Chironomid emergence rates correlated positively with methane production and negatively with nitrous oxide production, where water temperature was the main driving factor. Increasing nutrient loads reduced methanogenesis through elevated nitrogen concentrations, while simultaneously enhancing nitrous oxide production. Nutrient loads only indirectly increased chironomid emergence rates through increased chlorophyll‐a concentration, via increased phosphorus concentrations, with certain taxa and food preference functional groups benefitting from increased chlorophyll‐a concentrations. However, water temperature seemed to be the main driving factor for chironomid emergence rates, community composition and diversity, as well as for greenhouse gas production. These findings increase our understanding of the governing relationships between biodiversity support and greenhouse gas production, and should inform future management when constructing wetlands.
The effects of policy discourse on the governance of deforestation and forest degradation reduction in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Authors: Majambu Eliezer , Tsayem Demaze Moise , Sufo‐Kankeu Richard , Sonwa Denis Jean , Ongolo Symphorien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe international initiative to combat deforestation and forest degradation, known as REDD+, was put on the DRC agenda following actors' policy discourse aimed at convincing policy‐makers of its effectiveness. This paper uses discursive institutionalism (DI) as a theoretical and analytical framework to analyse a set of selected policy documents on REDD+ issue and to assess the effects of policy discourse on deforestation reduction governance in DRC. From an empirical standpoint, interviews with key actors involved in the DRC REDD+ processes and field observations show that four main types of discourse accompanied the adoption of REDD+ in the DRC: a discourse promoting REDD+ through its forest conservation component, as a policy instrument that would bring in significant financial resources to the DRC forest‐related state bureaucracies, a discourse that considers REDD+ as an efficient mean of reducing poverty while promoting sustainability through “green development”, a discourse presenting REDD+ as a way of reducing marginalisation of local communities and indigenous peoples by recognising their customary rights, and finally, a discourse promoting REDD+ as a tool for territorial planning and governance. In addition, the paper points out strong links between DRC REDD+ policy discourse and three types of governance approaches: organisational and fiduciary governance, territorial governance, local development and benefit sharing governance. Our analysis also shows that political discourse has played a significant role in the adoption of substantial policies aimed at reducing deforestation in DRC.