bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual Localization of Eczema Herpeticum to Tinea Corporis and Cruris
Authors: Narula Soumya , Shreya K , Sahni Mukesh K , Asati Dinesh P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Eczema herpeticum (EH), known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption presents with multiple vesiculopustular lesions localized to areas of preexisting eczematous or erosive dermatoses. Most commonly seen in atopic dermatitis but colocalization with tinea cruris and corporis is atypical. In our case, multiple vesicles, pustules, and small crusted erosions associated with pain were seen confined to the areas of dermatophytosis. Tzanck smear from vesicles showed multiple multinucleated giant cells and acantholytic cells. In view of strong clinical suspicion and the presence of multinucleated giant cells, she was prescribed oral acyclovir 400 mg thrice a day for 7 days. She was reviewed after a week with complete clearance of the vesicles and crusting.
Dermatoscopic Patterns in Indian Patients with Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and Correlation to the duration of Disease and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index
Authors: Mohanan Saritha , Bapu Nishant Ghodake 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Dermatoscopic patterns of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) have recently been described in the literature. A temporal correlation of certain dermatoscopic features has also been proposed. There is sparse literature on dermatoscopic features seen in Indian/Asian patients with DLE and the correlation of these features with the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) score. A few of the patients of DLE coming to the dermatology outpatient department of our center in South India were evaluated by dermoscopy. Demographic details, duration of illness, location of plaques, and the CLASI scores were collected. A total of 26 plaques from 12 patients were evaluated by dermoscopy. Hair follicle effacement (n = 20) was the most common feature, followed by patchy pigmentation (n = 18), telangiectasia (n = 13), perifollicular pigmentation (n = 13), and perifollicular scaling (n = 10). There was a statistically significant difference in disease activity (CLASI) in patients with perifollicular scale and telangiectasia compared to patients without the above features. There was a significant difference in the duration of disease among patients with and without follicular red dots.
Dermoscopy of Cutaneous Vascular Lesions: An Observational Study
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Mehta Hita H , Lakhotia Rahul , Prakashey Arjun R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Cutaneous vascular lesions (VLs) comprise of all skin diseases that originate from or affect blood or lymphatic vessels. VLs are expected to show predominant vascular structures (VS) in dermoscope and adequate interpretation of the shapes and distribution of VS lead the observer to the right diagnosis.

Objectives:
The aim is to study and evaluate the dermoscopic patterns of different types of VLs using polarized white and orange light.

Methodology:
Patients presenting with VLs including vascular tumours, vascular malformations, purpura, and other miscellaneous conditions were enrolled in this study conducted in dermatology outpatient department. After relevant history and examination, dermoscopic images were captured and stored for the analysis.

Results:
A total of 170 patients of 20 VLs were studied including 118 males and 52 females. For evaluating dermoscopic features, we described the findings under two headings, key features, and other nonspecific features. In key features, we included lacunae and vascular patterns, whereas in other features, homogenous area, white collarette, white rail lines, peripheral erythema, increased pigment network, brown area, veil, dot, globule, patch, lines and changes in background color, etc., were included. Interestingly, dermoscopy revealed some new features such as half and half lacunae and pattern 4 in angiokeratoma, arciform structures in angioma serpiginosum, silvery globules in subungual hematoma, and many more.

Conclusion:
Dermsocope can be used as a handy tool to quickly diagnose innocent VLs based on established dermsocopic features and to easily differentiate them from each other and from the malignant lesions.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Ulcerative Colitis and Tuberculosis Brain Abscess Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Nayanathara G S , Pai Varadraj Vasant , Ghodge Rakhi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare noninfectious autoinflammatory neutrophilic dermatoses occurring in 5%–12% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Clinically, it is classified into ulcerative, pustular, bullous, and vegetative types. A few atypical and rare variants have also been described. The disease is characterized by painful cutaneous ulcers and is often associated with systemic diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease may precede it, follow it or occur simultaneously with PG. In some patients, control of bowel disease also leads to control of PG, but this does not occur in all patients. The mainstay of treatment is long-term immunosuppression with corticosteroids or ciclosporin. Herein, we present a case of PG associated with UC in whom immunosuppressants are contraindicated, was treated successfully with IV immunoglobulins.
Kikuchi–Fujimoto Disease followed by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Male Child: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Kodali Sruthi , Arakkal Geeta Kiran , Kodali Sandeep , Vaishnavi Kolluri Siva Bala 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a benign self-limiting condition characterized by fever and necrotizing lymphadenitis commonly reported in adults, especially females, and rarely in males and children. The disease can be mistaken for lymphoma or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinically and histologically. KFD may be associated with SLE. Recurrences of KFD are common and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is the most common complication. Herein, we report the case of KFD in a 5-year-old boy who presented with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy following which he developed SLE. The diagnosis was confirmed by lymph node biopsy and antinuclear antibodies profile. His condition met 7 out of 17 systemic lupus international collaborating clinics (SLICC) criteria for SLE.
Subretinal hyporeflective globule: A novel OCT finding in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Goel Sugandha , Mishra Samarth , Bhattacharya Sampurna , Majumdar Bristi , Sen Ahana , Mukherjee Riya , Ramandhane Raghul Nandan , Goel Nikita , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To describe the subretinal hyporeflective globule in cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of CSC presenting to a tertiary eye care center in eastern India was conducted. Subretinal hyporeflective globules were identified as small globular lesions below the external limiting membrane/ellipsoid zone, but above the RPE layer. They had a hyperreflective border with a hyporeflective core and a clear posterior tail of hyper-transmission.

Results:
The present study analyzed 137 eyes of 137 patients. Eighty (58.4%) eyes had acute disease at presentation, 48 (35%) eyes had chronic disease, and eight (5.8%) eyes had resolved CSC. Subretinal hyporeflective globules were seen in 27 (21.8%) eyes, of which choroidal caverns were seen in seven (5.1%) eyes. Twenty-five eyes with chronic CSC and only two eyes with acute CSC had subretinal hyporeflective globules. Three eyes with resolved CSC had subretinal hyporeflective globules.

Conclusion:
We describe subretinal hyporeflective globule as a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding in cases of CSC and describe its clinical correlates.
A Rare Case of Lyell Syndrome Secondary to Ofloxacin Eye Drops
Authors: Sreedharan Anusree Vellot , Naveen Kikkeri N. , Krishna Sowmyashree , Prabhu Sweta R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Lyell syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe mucocutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by generalized erythema and widespread epidermal necrosis resulting in its detachment. If not appropriately intervened, it may result in sepsis, multiorgan failure, and death. TEN secondary to topical drugs is very rare and only a few cases have been documented so far. Here, we report a case of a 10-year-old child who presented with features of TEN following administration of ofloxacin eye drops, which is commonly prescribed in ophthalmic practice for conjunctival inflammation. She was treated in the pediatric intensive care unit with systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin, and other supportive therapy including collagen dressing, and showed complete recovery. This case report highlights the need for awareness among physicians regarding serious adverse events caused by topical drugs and a multidisciplinary approach which paves the road for recovery.
A Rare Case of Incontinentia Pigmenti in a Male Child with Dermoscopic and Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Arora Raina , Kaur Karamjot , Chopra Dimple , Goel Seema 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked genodermatosis mostly occurring in females with the condition being fatal in males but certain mechanisms may allow survival of male subjects. We report a rare case of IP in a 19-day-old male patient with no history of similar lesions in the family adding to its rarity. The histopathological correlation of the lesions with dermatoscopy showed yellow oil drop-like globular structures correlating with spongiosis in the vesicular stage and verrucous lesions showed brown blotches in a circular pattern with overlying gray-brown dots correlating with hyperkeratosis and dyskeratosis.
A Study of Viral Causes of Fever with Rash in Children
Authors: Yadav Anukriti , Sarkar Rashmi , Mendiratta Vibhu , Jais Manoj , Basu Srikanta , Sonker Sneha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Fever with rash is common among children and is seen by both dermatologists and pediatricians. The various causes of fever with rash in children include viral infections, bacterial infections, rickettsial species, collagen vascular diseases, and drug hypersensitivity rash. Viral exanthems are by far the most common cause of fever with rash in children. Common viral etiologies are measles, rubella, varicella, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, human herpes virus 6, human herpes virus 7, Epstein–Barr virus, coxsackie, dengue, chikungunya, influenza A and B, and hepatitis B.

Aims:
The study aimed to study the magnitude of various viral causes of fever with rash in children and to study the various morphological patterns of rash.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based observational study which included 90 children presenting to the dermatology and pediatrics outpatient department with fever and rash. Immunoglobulin M antibody testing for measles, rubella, varicella, HSV, chikungunya virus, dengue virus, and hepatitis B virus was done. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19 virus was done when suspected.

Results:
The most common etiology of fever with rash was viral (51.1%). Out of all viruses isolated, measles was the most common (15.55%), followed by Chikungunya (14.44%). Maculopapular rash was the most common morphology of rash (40%) found in patients. Among the patients having maculopapular rash, measles was the most common virus isolated.

Conclusion:
Viral exanthems should be considered a strong differential in all children presenting with fever and rash.
A Study of Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Children with Atopic Dermatitis between 6 and 12 Years of Age
Authors: Kallan Febin , Pillai Rathish T. , Hijaz P. T. , Simi P. S. , Nair Rakhee V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, relapsing dermatitis, affecting mainly children. It is associated with intense pruritus which can disrupt the sleep and quality of life (QOL), thereby impairing the neurocognitive development. An understanding of the link between severity of AD and sleep quality in children may help in better treatment of this condition.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to correlate severity of AD with sleep quality and QOL. Sixty-six children with AD were enrolled for the study. In addition to basic demographic details, all patients were analyzed for disease severity using SCORing AD (SCORAD) score. The QOL and sleep quality were evaluated using Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) questionnaire and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), respectively.

Results:
The mean age of the study group was 8.94 ± 1.94 years and mean body mass index was 19.97 ± 2.69 kg/m2. The median SCORAD score was 32 ± 50. Mean CSHQ score was 43.17 ± 7.15, and it showed a positive correlation with SCORAD score (R
2 = 0.655; P = 0.000). Similarly, median score of CDLQI was 14 ± 18, which also showed a positive correlation with SCORAD score (R
2 = 0.822; P = 0.000). All the domains of CDLQI questionnaire were affected by the disease. In the CSHQ questionnaire, all parameters were affected except parasomnias and sleep-disordered breathing.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrated a significant association between severity of AD with sleep quality and QOL. It highlights the need for interventions to diminish sleep problems and to improve QOL in children with AD.
Motivators for the public to receive the seasonal influenza vaccination and the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the uptake of the seasonal influenza vaccination
Authors: AlAmer Naheel A. , Al-Shammari Malak A. , Al-Johani Wejdan M. , Al-Mansour Abdulelah H. , AlShamlan Nouf A. , AlQarni Amani M. , Aldhawyan Adam F. , Alkaltham Shikha M. , Al-Muhaidib Hala R. , Darwish Magdy A. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
The coverage of the seasonal influenza vaccine has always been sub-par. Understanding the motivators of receiving vaccines, especially during pandemics, could enhance and increase the coverage rates. The Saudi Ministry of Health launched its annual influenza vaccination campaign during the 2021 influenza season and provided vaccinations in primary healthcare settings. This study aims to explore public motivators to receive influenza vaccination, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 783 participants who attended the influenza vaccination campaign. All persons who received the influenza vaccine in the influenza vaccination campaign held in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, from October to November 2021, were interviewed and completed a self-administered questionnaire. Odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were estimated using the full model fit. The significance level was set as α = 0.05.

RESULTS:
The majority of the participants had more than high school education (81%), were males (66.2%), and married (59.6%), and 50.6% were below 35 years of age. Participants with higher education, health-care workers, and those who had been previously counseled on influenza vaccination were less likely to have started taking the influenza vaccination, whereas smokers and persons who do not have routine checkups were more likely to start influenza vaccination. The main motivator to take the influenza vaccine was the establishment of a vaccination campaign near the participant’s workplace (62.2%), followed by advice from their physician (30.3%), and fear of having influenza disease (29.6%).

CONCLUSION:
Accessibility to the vaccination campaigns was the main motivator for receiving the vaccine followed by the advice from physician. Advice from physician and increasing mobile vaccination campaigns and mobile clinics would substantially increase influenza vaccine uptake.
Prevalence of menstrual irregularities after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: A cross-sectional study in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Latif Rabia , Aldossary Deena A. , Aljabari Najla A. , Alowaied Saja S. , Aljabari Latifah A. , Albash Noor J. , Alabdulhadi Aseel S. , Rafique Nazish , Al-Asoom Lubna I. , Salem Ayad M. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Reports indicate that there are menstrual cycle disturbances following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The present study explored the prevalence of menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination and the association of menstrual irregularities with vaccine type, doses, immediate adverse effects, history of COVID-19 infection, and its severity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
For this cross-sectional study, 406 women of reproductive age completed an online survey about the postvaccine changes in their menstruation (cycle duration, bleeding days, and bleeding amount), COVID-19 vaccine history (doses, type of vaccine, and immediate adverse effects), history of COVID-19 infection, and its severity. Data was analyzed using SPSS; descriptive statistics were computed and Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed.

RESULTS:
Of the total 406 women, 45% reported postvaccine changes in their menstrual cycle. The most common menstrual change was increased dysmenorrhea (68%), followed by an increase in the length of the cycle (52%). There was a significant association between postvaccine menstrual changes and the age, marital status, and family history of menstrual irregularities. No association was observed between postvaccine menstrual changes and COVID-19 vaccine-and COVID-19 infection-related variables. As per the best-fit model of our predictors, the odds of having postvaccine menstrual changes were 0.41 times less in “single” women (confidence interval [CI] = 0.26–0.27; P < 0.001) and 1.714 times greater in women who had a “family history of menstrual irregularities” (CI = 1.092–2.690; P = 0.02), respectively.

CONCLUSION:
A substantial number of women complained of postvaccine menstrual changes regardless of their age, type of COVID-19 vaccine, doses, immediate adverse effects, and COVID-19 infection history/severity. Being “single” decreased the probability, whereas having a family history of menstrual irregularities increased the probability significantly of having postvaccine menstrual changes.
The prevalence and predictors of diabetes in a private health insurance scheme: An analysis of three million beneficiaries in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljehani Nasser , Alghnam Suliman , Alqunaibet Ada , Alwahabi Shehana , Reka Husein , Almohammed Rimah , Almaghrabi Abdullah , Alghamdi Shabab 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading threat to population health in Saudi Arabia. Addressing NCDs is a priority for health-care transformation, and understanding the current disease prevalence is crucial. The prevalence in other settings is unknown because studies have relied on data from households or public health-care institutions. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictors of diabetes in the privately insured population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This retrospective study explored the prevalence and predictors of diabetes in beneficiaries aged 15 years or older who sought medical care in 2022. Data were sourced from the National Platform for Health and Insurance Exchange Services, a unified health insurance claim platform. We used the International Classification of Disease-10 to capture the condition. To identify predictors of diabetes, we employed a backward selection approach for logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Over 3.3 million beneficiaries sought medical care during the study. The population was relatively young aged 26–39 years, (47.5%) and two-thirds of males. The prevalence of diabetes was 11.0% and varied across regions, with the highest in Bahah (18.4%) and the lowest in Jizan (9.5%). Age, gender, nationality, insurance company size, body mass index, region, hypertension, and coronary heart disease were significant predictors of diabetes. Hypertensive patients were over five times more likely to have diabetes than those without hypertension (odds ratio OR = 5.08; 95% confidence interval CI = 5.02–5.24). Saudis were 30% more likely to have diabetes than other nationalities (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.28–1.31).

CONCLUSION:
We found a higher prevalence of diabetes in privately insured beneficiaries than the recent national estimate. This necessitates population health management strategies at all levels (primary, secondary, and tertiary) to mitigate the burden of diabetes in privately insured individuals. This study provides valuable baseline data for the prevalence of diabetes in this population and emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions, especially in regions with a higher prevalence.
Adherence to the monitoring of metabolic syndrome in patients receiving antipsychotics in outpatient clinics in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Awad Feras A. , Almutairi Hussien A. , Almutairi Saad A. , Alessa Othman S. , Alanazi Salman F. , Alzain Nasser M. , Albakr Dalal M. , Alzahrani Safa I. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Monitoring protocols have been developed because patients taking atypical antipsychotics are more prone to developing metabolic syndrome, which leads to possible increased mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of adherence to the recommendations of metabolic syndrome monitoring.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was conducted in two large psychiatric facilities in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 350 patients taking antipsychotic medications was done, and an assessment was made of the frequency of metabolic monitoring at each of the intervals as suggested by the American Diabetes Association. Data was analyzed using SPSS; descriptive statistics. were computed and Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance for association between categorical variable.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the patients was 34.9 ± 18 years; 64.6% were males. Olanzapine was the most prescribed medication (43.7%, n = 153), followed by quetiapine (17.4%, n = 61). Only one-third of the patients (29.6%) completed all the baseline parameters. Documentation of baseline parameters was low for glucose level (38.9%), lipid panel (17.3%), weight (25.2%), and waist circumference (1.4%). Adherence to yearly monitoring was much lower than at baseline (mean percentage: 29.6% vs. 1.7%). Furthermore, 45% of the patients were classified as obese and 10% had metabolic comorbidity.

CONCLUSION:
Individuals with mental illness who were taking antipsychotics did not undergo proper metabolic screening during antipsychotic treatment. Barriers to adherence to the monitoring guidelines should be examined and addressed. Giving assistance to practitioners to recall the required laboratory tests and vitals at certain intervals could help improve metabolic monitoring practices.