bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Tannerella forsythensis (Bacteroides forsythus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Subjects with Different Periodontal Status
Authors: Klein Marlise I. , Gonçalves Reginaldo B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to assess the relationship of these bacteria with different categories of periodontal disease and health.Methods: Subjects were distributed into 3 groups according to their periodontal diagnosis: group 1, periodontally healthy (N = 10); group 2, periodontitis with probing depth ≤5 mm (N = 10); group 3, periodontitis with probing depth ≥5 mm (N = 10). The subjects in groups 2 and 3 had healthy and diseased periodontal sites. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained using paper points inserted into periodontal pockets (diseased sites) and into healthy gingival sulci (healthy sites) of the same subject.Results: The distribution of bacteria differed in healthy and diseased sites. T. forsythensis (B. forsythus) was not detected in any sample from healthy sites in any group but was detected in 70% and 100% of diseased sites in groups 2 and 3, respectively. P. gingivalis was detected in only one sample from a healthy site (group 2), and in the diseased sites, its prevalence was 40% (group 2) and 90% (group 3). In addition, T. forsythensis (B. forsythus) and P. gingivalis were both detected in 30% and 90% of the diseased sites in groups 2 and 3, respectively.Conclusion: These results indicate a possible association between periodontal disease and the presence of T. forsythensis (B. forsythus) and/or P. gingivalis. J Periodontol 2003;74:798‐802.
Crown Lengthening in Mandibular Molars:A 5‐Year Retrospective Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Dibart Serge , Capri Diego , Kachouh Ibrahim , Van Dyke Thomas , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Crown lengthening procedures are a significant part of the periodontist's armamentarium. In order to recreate the clinical space lost to caries or trauma necessary for prosthetic restoration, osseous surgery is often required. If the procedure is not carefully planned, it may result in furcation involvement of multirooted teeth.Methods: Twenty‐six subjects with 26 mandibular molar teeth requiring crown lengthening procedures prior to prosthetic crown placement were evaluated. Nineteen subjects with 24 prosthetic crowns on lower molars which had not undergone crown lengthening were included as control teeth. Bite‐wing radiographs prior to surgery (for the test group) or placement of the crown (control group) and 5 years after completion of the prosthesis were compared and analyzed.Results: Of the 26 test teeth, 10 teeth (38.5%) were found to have radiographic evidence of furcation involvement, whereas none of the control teeth developed furcation invasions.Conclusion: A critical distance from the furcation (CDF) of 4 mm was established as a landmark under which, if surgery was performed on mandibular molars, chances of furcation involvement in the future were very high. J Periodontol 2003;74: 815‐821.
Mandibular Bone Remodeling Under a Choline‐Deficient Diet: A Histomorphometric Study in Rats
Authors: Gorustovich Alejandro A. , Espósito María A. , Guglielmotti María B. , Giglio Máximo J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: A deficiency of lipotropic factors in the rat induces renal, hepatic, and/or hematic damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a choline‐deficient diet and refeeding on mandibular bone remodeling.Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: group 1 (G1): control diet for 15 days; group 2 (G2): choline‐deficient diet for 15 days; group 3 (G3): control diet for 30 days; group 4 (G4): choline‐deficient diet for 30 days; and group 5 (G5): choline‐deficient diet for 15 days and control diet for 15 days. All animals were sacrificed by ether overdose. The mandibles were resected, radiographed, decalcified, processed, and embedded in paraffin. Bucco‐lingually oriented sections were obtained at the level of the interradicular bone of the medial roots of the left first molar, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Bone tissue density and bone remodeling were determined histomorphometrically. Body weight, food intake, hematocrit, and hemoglobinemia were also recorded.Results: Microscopic observation revealed that osteogenesis was lower in rats fed a choline‐deficient diet, at both 15 and 30 days, and that this decrease did not revert with a control diet. Histomorphometric evaluation showed 37% and 27% reduction in bone tissue density at 15 and 30 days, respectively, and a 30% decrease in bone formation at 30 days, compared to controls.Conclusion: In this experimental model, a choline‐deficient diet led to altered bone remodeling as observed by a marked reduction in osteogenesis. J Periodontol 2003;74:831‐837.
Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Serotypes to Pocket Epithelium
Authors: Dierickx Kurt , Pauwels Martine , Laine Marja L. , Van Eldere Johan , Cassiman Jean‐Jacques , Van Winkelhoff Arie J. , Van Steenberghe Daniel , Quirynen Marc 
Published: February 2005

Background:Porphyromonas gingivalis., a key pathogen in periodontitis, is able to adhere to and invade the pocket epithelium. Different capsular antigens of P. gingivalis have been identi fied (K‐serotyping). These P. gingivalis capsular types show differences in adhesion capacity to human cell lines or to cells cultured on a feeder layer or stromal equivalent.Methods: The adhesion capacity of different P. gingivalis serotypes (6 capsular types and non‐encapsulated strains) was compared on in vitro cultured epithelial monolayers from periodontal pockets of patients with periodontitis. The degree of adherence of P. gingivalis was evaluated by both culture and fluorescence microscopy.Results: Non‐encapsulated strains adhered significantly more than their capsulated variants. Capsule type 4 (K‐4) adhered slightly better than the remaining K‐types.Conclusion: This study indicates that the presence and type of capsule have a significant influence on the initial adhesion of P. gingivalis to human periodontal pocket epithelial cells. J Periodontol 2003;74:844‐848.
Enhanced Bone Augmentation by Controlled Release of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 from Bioabsorbable Membranes
Authors: Lee Yong‐Moo , Nam Sung‐Heon , Seol Yang‐Jo , Kim Tae‐Il , Lee Seung‐Jin , Ku Young , Rhyu In‐Chul , Chung Chong‐Pyoung , Han Soo‐Boo , Choi Sang‐Mook 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐ (rhBMP‐2)‐loaded biodegradable membranes on bone augmentation in a rabbit calvarial model.Methods: Five µg of rhBMP‐2 was loaded into a stiff hemispherical dome membrane made of poly(L‐lactide) and tricalcium phosphate (PLLA/TCP). The release kinetics of rhBMP‐2 from the membrane were determined in vitro using a human BMP‐2 immunoassay. Twelve rhBMP‐2‐loaded dome membranes (test group) and 12 control dome membranes (control group) were placed on the partial‐thickness calvarial defects of 24 rabbits. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks, and undecalcified ground sections were prepared. Newly formed bone area and height were measured histomorphometrically and calculated by percentage ratio to the total submembranous space area and height below the dome.Results: In vitro release results demonstrated that rhBMP‐2 was released consistently over a 4‐week period following a high initial burst release on the first day. At both 4 and 8 weeks, histomorphometric analysis revealed that the test group showed signi ficantly higher newly formed bone heights and areas than the control group (P <0.01). In the control group, new bone height was 36.3% of the dome height and the new bone area reached 8.2% of the submembranous space area at 8 weeks, while the test group reached 87.3% and 35.4%, respectively.Conclusion: These results suggest that the use of rhBMP‐ 2‐loaded PLLA/TCP membranes can result in additional bone augmentation, which is due to the osteoinductive properties of rhBMP‐2 released from the membrane during healing. J Periodontol 2003;74:865‐872.
Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis and Expression of Ki‐67 Antigen: A Case Report
Authors: Saygun Işil , Özdemir Atilla , Günhan Ömer , Aydintug͠ Yavuz Sinan , Karsliog͠lu Yildirim 
Published: February 2005

Background: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva. The mechanism that leads to the accumulation of abnormal amounts of gingival tissue in HGF is still unknown. The aim of this report was to present the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of a patient with gingival fibromatosis and to evaluate the proliferation of HGF fibroblasts.Methods: We examined the proliferation rate of fibroblasts in this case by using Ki‐67 immunohistochemical staining and compared the rate to fibroblasts of non‐fibromatosis gingival tissues from 5 healthy patients serving as controls.Results: There were no Ki‐67‐positive cells in the lesional tissue, and the control gingiva revealed no immunostaining. The number of Ki‐67 antigen‐positive epithelial cell nuclei was observed to be low in the basal cell layers of hyperplastic gingival epithelia, similar to the control group.Conclusions: In the present case, there was no increase in the proliferation rate of lesional fibroblasts observed by Ki‐67 immunohistochemical staining as a proliferation marker; only the epithelium was stained. It seems likely that the underlying mechanism of HGF may be an increase in the biosynthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans rather than cell proliferation. J Periodontol 2003;74:873‐878.
Use of Orthodontic Treatment as an Aid to Third Molar Extraction: A Method for Prevention of Mandibular Nerve Injury and Improved Periodontal Status
Authors: Hirsch A. , Shteiman S. , Boyan B.D. , Schwartz Z. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Impaction of mandibular third molars predisposes to pathological conditions including periodontal disease. Extraction of these teeth also may lead to damage to the nerve and to periodontal involvement of the second molars. This report describes a series of cases in which the third molars were orthodontically induced to erupt to prevent the sequelae associated with extraction.Methods: Impacted mandibular third molars in 18 patients were surgically exposed following placement of an orthodontic appliance. Depending on the individual case, 1 of 3 approaches was used: attachment of a bracket, placement of a post in the root canal, or placement of an orthodontic wire through a bucco‐lingual canal. After suturing the mucoperiosteal flap, the orthodontic appliance was activated. After the tooth erupted, it was removed and periodontal parameters were measured on the second molar.Results: No damage to the inferior alveolar nerve was found. Probing depths on the second molar were reduced from 7.9 ± 1.6 mm on the buccal and 7.4 ± 1.0 mm on the lingual to 1.8 ± 0.7 mm and 1.9 ± 0.7 mm, respectively. There was an average gain of 5.0 mm in attachment. Keratinized tissue increased from 2.9 ± 0.7 to 3.8 ± 0.6 mm.Conclusions: The interdisiplinary use of periodontics and orthodontics results in non‐surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars without damage to the inferior alveolar nerve and iatrogenic periodontal sequelae to the second molars. J Periodontol 2003;74:887‐892.
Radiologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Grafting with Alloplastic Graft Materials
Authors: Ozyuvaci H. , Bilgiç B. , Firatli E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Sinus lifting procedures are widely used to obtain adequate bony support for implant placement at the atrophic maxillae. The aim of this study was to compare various sinus lifting and grafting techniques and materials.Methods: Nine maxillae were treated with delayed and 46 maxillae with immediate implant placement techniques. A total of 104 implants were inserted. Panoramic radiographs were obtained prior to, after, and 6 to 8 months after surgery. Computed tomographies were also taken before and after surgery. The height of new bone was compared. Biopsy specimens were obtained during delayed implant placement and analyzed histomorphologically.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the panoramic radiographs for delayed and immediately placed implants, or between the graft materials. We observed correlations between the panoramic radiographs and computerized tomographies.Conclusion: Both delayed and immediate placement of implants can be used safely for sinus lifting. There were no statistically significant differences between the various graft materials. J Periodontol 2003;74:909‐915.
Meta‐Analysis of Local Tetracycline in Treating Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Pavia Maria , Nobile Carmelo G.A. , Angelillo Italo F. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Meta‐analysis was used to assess the clinical efficacy of local delivery of tetracycline alone or as an adjunct to conventional mechanical therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Studies were identified in MEDLINE and others sources. Meta‐analyses were performed on the basis of probing depth (PD) at baseline, type of antimicrobial used, and experimental and control regimens (i.e., tetracycline plus scaling and root planing [SRP] versus SRP, tetracycline versus SRP, and tetracycline versus placebo, or no treatment). The effect of local tetracycline was evaluated for follow‐up times of 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 36 weeks. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to antimicrobial delivery mode (irrigation, fibers, strips). A random effects model was used.Results: The literature search identified 29 studies that met our inclusion criteria and were entered into the meta‐analysis. A significant mean reduction in PD for the combined tetracycline and SRP was observed regardless of initial probing depth and independently to the duration of follow‐up. Tetracycline alone did not perform better than SRP, whereas they performed significantly better than placebo. Differences in improvement of attachment level (AL) were substantially similar to those encountered for PD.Conclusions: Our results documented that local delivery of tetracycline improves the clinical outcomes of traditional treatment and should be considered particularly as an adjunct to SRP. Considerations regarding the adverse effects of widespread use of tetracycline should be taken into account when choosing a therapeutic strategy of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2003;74:916‐932.
In Vitro Assessment of the Plaque‐Removing Ability of Hydrodynamic Shear Forces Produced Beyond the Bristles by 2 Electric Toothbrushes
Authors: Hope Christopher K. , Petrie Aviva , Wilson Michael 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effi‐cacy of interproximal plaque removal by the hydrodynamic shear forces produced by 2 electric toothbrushes (toothbrush A, Sonicare Plus and toothbrush B, Braun Oral B) using laboratory‐grown plaque biofilms in an anatomically correct in vitro brushing model.Methods: In vitro oral biofilms were grown in a constantdepth film fermenter on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs. Brushing experiments were conducted in a specially constructed machine designed to simulate the brushing of interproximal plaque between mandibular molar teeth; the bristles of the toothbrush did not make contact with the biofilm at any time. The load force between the brushes and teeth were in accordance with typical use and an exposure time of 5 seconds was used throughout. The efficacy of brushing was assessed by enumeration of the percentage of viable bacteria removed from the HA discs. These experiments were conducted with the electronic effect of the toothbrushes either activated or inactivated.Results: Activation of toothbrush A significantly (P = 0.004) increased the median percentage of bacteria removed from 0.47% to 48.45%. Likewise, activation of toothbrush B significantly (P = 0.015) increased the median percentage of bacteria removed from 2.85% to 15.86%. The median percentage of plaque bacteria removed by the active toothbrush A was significantly (P = 0.009) greater than that removed by toothbrush B in this model system.Conclusion: These data imply that toothbrush A would be more effective than toothbrush B at removing interproximal dental plaque in vivo. J Periodontol 2003;74:1017‐1022.
Combined Local Application of Tetracycline and Bisphosphonate Reduces Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats
Authors: Yaffe A. , Herman A. , Bahar H. , Binderman I. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent animal studies have shown that a combination of chemically‐modiﬁed tetracyclines together with bisphosphonates, when delivered systemically, are synergistically effective in suppressing periodontal bone loss. In the present study, we explored the combined efﬁcacy of local delivery of alendronate and tetracyclines in reducing alveolar bone loss.Methods: Eighty‐six (86) male Wistar rats were used in these experiments. The ﬂap was elevated using a special periosteal elevator, on both sides of the mandible, as described previously. A gelfoam pellet containing the drugs was applied between the alveolar bone and the mucoperiosteal flap, according to the experimental protocol. The rats were divided into 5 treatment groups: 1) alendronate; 2) doxycycline hyclate 10% (DOXY); 3) tetracycline hydrochloride 1% (TET); 4) alendronate + DOXY; and 5) alendronate + TET. In the operated control sites (C), saline was applied. The rats were sacriﬁced 21 days following the ﬂap procedure. Sections of the mandibles (1.5 mm), in a buccal‐ lingual direction, underwent microradiography and were analyzed for bone loss.Results: DOXY alone was most effective in reducing bone loss. Alendronate was also effective in reducing bone loss as shown in previous reports. TET did not reduce bone loss signiﬁcantly when used alone. In combination with alendronate TET was synergistically effective. The combined local treatment of alendronate + DOXY showed no additive effect.Conclusions: In the present study, we found that tetracyclines can be most effective in reducing alveolar bone loss when applied locally. The combined local treatment of alendronate and tetracycline may have a synergistic effect. J Periodontol 2003;74:1038‐1042.
A Preliminary Study on Oxygen Saturation Levels of Patients During Periodontal Surgery with and without Oral Conscious Sedation Using Diazepam
Authors: Aeschliman Steven D. , Blue Mark S. , Williams Karen B. , Cobb Charles M. , MacNeill Simon R. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Stress and anxiety alter respiratory rate and thereby alter oxygen saturation in the blood. Management of psychological stress in the dental office may help maintain blood gas homeostasis. One method of stress management is through the use of preoperative oral sedation.Methods: The study population consisted of 13 patients scheduled to receive two quadrants of periodontal surgery at two different appointments. A randomized split‐mouth crossover design was used with one quadrant of surgery involving preoperative oral sedation (diazepam) and local anesthetic, and the second using local anesthetic only. Oxygen saturation was monitored by pulse oximetry, which recorded the number of times saturation dropped below 95% in a given time period. Data were recorded at 5 time periods: 1) baseline; 2) from time of anesthetic administration to 20 minutes into surgery; 3) 21 to 40 minutes; 4) 41 to 60 minutes; and 5) 61 to 80 minutes into the surgery. Data were analyzed by a two‐factor repeated measures ANOVA. The two within‐group factors were treatment group and time.Results: Results indicated no significant interaction between time and treatment (P>05). However, data for groups over time suggested a trend supporting an interaction. The η2 value of 0.124 suggested a moderate effect favoring the diazepam treatment. No significant difference was noted for the main effect of treatment and time. However, the η2 value of 0.24 for treatment effect (diazepam versus no diazepam) suggested a meaningful difference between groups. Similarly the η2 value of 0.135 for time suggested a moderate effect over time within‐subjects.Conclusions: This study indicates that diazepam given orally in adult dosages does not cause significant respiratory depression, and is generally safe for those healthy patients who may require slight to mild sedation during periodontal surgery. J Periodontol 2003;74:1056‐1059.
Localized Aggressive Periodontitis in Primary Dentition: A Case Report
Authors: Suzuki Junji , Okada Mitsugi , Wang Yurong , Nii Noriko , Miura Kazuo , Kozai Katsuyuki 
Published: February 2005

Background:A 5‐year‐old Japanese boy presented with persistent gingival inflammation and severe mobility of the right lower primary incisors. Due to severe alveolar bone loss and a deep periodontal pocket (5 mm), the incisors were extracted at the second visit.Methods:Clinical, radiographic, histological, and microbiological examinations were carried out. Then, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was employed to detect specific periodontal pathogens. The chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was also measured.Results: Tannerella, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Eikenella sp. were recovered from the subgingival microﬂora around the right lower incisors, while A. actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus), Prevotella nigrescens, Campylobacter rectus, and Capnocytophaga gingivalis were detected using the PCR method. Further chemotaxis assay revealed that neutrophil function was depressed compared with that of healthy controls.Conclusions: Although inflammation remained around the right primary second molars, the bone loss was controlled by periodic professional mechanical teeth cleaning (PMTC), subgingival irrigation, and local antibiotic application. The probing depths of all teeth, including permanent incisors and molars, were within 2.5 mm. J Periodontol 2003;74:1060‐1066.