bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Instrument Observations of the Evolution of Polar Cap Patches Associated With Flow Shears and Particle Precipitation
Authors: Zhang Duan , Zhang Qing‐He , Oksavik Kjellmar , Xing Zan‐Yang , Lyons L. R. , Yang Hui‐Gen , Li Guo‐Jun , Hosokawa Keisuke , Shinbori Atsuki , Ma Yu‐Zhang , Wang Yong , Wang Xiang‐Yu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSimultaneous observations from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, Swarm, Resolute Bay all‐sky imagers, GPS Total Electron Content and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network, are used to investigate the evolution and key characteristics of the Tongue of Ionization (TOI) being restructured into a polar cap patch. Six satellites crossed the TOI of patch as it moved from the dayside to the nightside. It was initially hot, then a mix of both cold and hot, and finally it became a cold patch. This suggests that cold patch is not only a result of solar extreme ultraviolet radiation, but may also develop when a hot patch cools down. Soft‐electron precipitation and flow shears both contribute to the TOI restructuring and the appearance of polar cap patch. The plasma density of patch at ∼500 km was at least 4 times higher than at ∼800 km. The plasma density enhancement gradually decreased as the patch evolved due to decreased production and transport of cold nightside low‐density plasma. Moreover, the duskward motion of the patch was influenced by changes in the ionospheric convection pattern.
Emulating Present and Future Simulations of Melt Rates at the Base of Antarctic Ice Shelves With Neural Networks
Authors: Burgard C. , Jourdain N. C. , Mathiot P. , Smith R. S. , Schäfer R. , Caillet J. , Finn T. S. , Johnson J. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMelt rates at the base of Antarctic ice shelves are needed to drive projections of the Antarctic ice sheet mass loss. Current basal melt parameterizations struggle to link open ocean properties to ice‐shelf basal melt rates for the range of current sub‐shelf cavity geometries around Antarctica. We present a proof of concept exploring the potential of simple deep learning techniques to parameterize basal melt. We train a simple feedforward neural network, or multilayer perceptron, acting on each grid cell separately, to emulate the behavior of circum‐Antarctic cavity‐resolving ocean simulations. We find that this kind of emulator produces reasonable basal melt rates for our training ensemble, at least as close as or closer to the reference than traditional parameterizations. On an independent ensemble of simulations that was produced with the same ocean model but with different model parameters, cavity geometries and forcing, the neural network yields similar results to traditional parameterizations on present conditions. In much warmer conditions, both traditional parameterizations and neural network struggle, but the neural network tends to produce basal melt rates closer to the reference than a majority of traditional parameterizations. While this shows that such a neural network is at least as suitable for century‐scale Antarctic ice‐sheet projections as traditional parameterizations, it also highlights that tuning any parameterization on present‐like conditions can introduce biases and should be used with care. Nevertheless, this proof of concept is promising and provides a basis for further development of a deep learning basal melt parameterization.
Real‐Time Irrigation Scheduling Based on Weather Forecasts, Field Observations, and Human‐Machine Interactions
Authors: Jamal A. , Cai X. , Qiao X. , Garcia L. , Wang J. , Amori A. , Yang H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReal‐time irrigation schedules have been shown to outperform predetermined irrigation schedules that do not consider the present state and requirements. However, implementing real‐time irrigation scheduling requires reliable present soil‐crop‐atmosphere dynamics and weather predictions; moreover, enabling farmers to adopt recommended water applications remains challenging as they rely on personal experience and knowledge. Farmers and computer‐based tools are rarely connected in a closed‐loop and farmers' feedback are usually not incorporated into a real‐time modeling procedure. To resolve these critical issues, this paper addresses the feasibility of a real‐time irrigation scheduling tool (RTIST) based on weather forecasts, field observations, and human‐machine interactions. RTIST integrates a simulation & optimization model, a data assimilation (DA) technique, and a human‐computer interaction method, and enables optimality, accuracy, and applicability of the tool. The principle of the RTIST is to engage farmers directly into computer modeling, and support irrigation scheduling decisions jointly based on model provided information and farmers' own justification. The optimization and simulation are validated by running the tool on two crop fields, showing the accuracy of present estimation and future prediction of soil moisture and leaf area index, taking advantage of field observation and DA. The applicability of RTIST is tested via virtual irrigation exercises with a group of farmers for a corn field in Eastern Nebraska. RTIST with farmers' direct engagement shows increased productivity in comparison to traditional practices. Especially, farmers' feedbacks show interest in using the tool in real‐world irrigation scheduling and providing meaningful suggestions to improve the tool for real‐world application.
New ruthenium-xanthoxylin complex eliminates colorectal cancer stem cells by targeting the heat shock protein 90 chaperone
Authors: Santos Luciano de S. , Silva Valdenizia R. , de Castro Maria V. L. , Dias Rosane B. , Valverde Ludmila de F. , Rocha Clarissa A. G. , Soares Milena B. P. , Quadros Claudio A. , dos Santos Edjane R. , Oliveira Regina M. M. , Carlos Rose M. , Nogueira Paulo C. L. , Bezerra Daniel P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, we describe a novel ruthenium-xanthoxylin complex, [Ru(phen)2(xant)](PF6) (RXC), that can eliminate colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells by targeting the chaperone Hsp90. RXC exhibits potent cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells, causing apoptosis in HCT116 CRC cells, as observed by cell morphology, YO-PRO-1/PI staining, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial depolarization, and PARP cleavage (Asp214). Additionally, RXC can downregulate the HSP90AA1 and HSP90B1 genes and the expression of HSP90 protein, as well as the expression levels of its downstream/client elements Akt1, Akt (pS473), mTOR (pS2448), 4EBP1 (pT36/pT45), GSK-3β (pS9), and NF-κB p65 (pS529), implying that these molecular chaperones can be molecular targets for RXC. Moreover, this compound inhibited clonogenic survival, the percentage of the CRC stem cell subpopulation, and colonosphere formation, indicating that RXC can eliminate CRC stem cells. RXC reduced cell migration and invasion, decreased vimentin and increased E-cadherin expression, and induced an autophagic process that appeared to be cytoprotective, as autophagy inhibitors enhanced RXC-induced cell death. In vivo studies showed that RXC inhibits tumor progression and experimental metastasis in mice with CRC HCT116 cell xenografts. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of the ruthenium complex RXC in CRC therapy with the ability to eliminate CRC stem cells by targeting the chaperone Hsp90.
Tandem gene duplications contributed to high-level azole resistance in a rapidly expanding Candida tropicalis population
Authors: Fan Xin , Dai Rong-Chen , Zhang Shu , Geng Yuan-Yuan , Kang Mei , Guo Da-Wen , Mei Ya-Ning , Pan Yu-Hong , Sun Zi-Yong , Xu Ying-Chun , Gong Jie , Xiao Meng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInvasive diseases caused by the globally distributed commensal yeast Candida tropicalis are associated with mortality rates of greater than 50%. Notable increases of azole resistance have been observed in this species, particularly within Asia-Pacific regions. Here, we carried out a genetic population study on 1571 global C. tropicalis isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In addition, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was conducted on 629 of these strains, comprising 448 clinical invasive strains obtained in this study and 181 genomes sourced from public databases. We found that MLST clade 4 is the predominant azole-resistant clone. WGS analyses demonstrated that dramatically increasing rates of azole resistance are associated with a rapid expansion of cluster AZR, a sublineage of clade 4. Cluster AZR isolates exhibited a distinct high-level azole resistance, which was induced by tandem duplications of the ERG11A395T gene allele. Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons were found to be highly enriched in this population. The alarming expansion of C. tropicalis cluster AZR population underscores the urgent need for strategies against growing threats of antifungal resistance.
A power law describes the magnitude of adaptation in neural populations of primary visual cortex
Authors: Tring Elaine , Dipoppa Mario , Ringach Dario L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHow do neural populations adapt to the time-varying statistics of sensory input? We used two-photon imaging to measure the activity of neurons in mouse primary visual cortex adapted to different sensory environments, each defined by a distinct probability distribution over a stimulus set. We find that two properties of adaptation capture how the population response to a given stimulus, viewed as a vector, changes across environments. First, the ratio between the response magnitudes is a power law of the ratio between the stimulus probabilities. Second, the response direction to a stimulus is largely invariant. These rules could be used to predict how cortical populations adapt to novel, sensory environments. Finally, we show how the power law enables the cortex to preferentially signal unexpected stimuli and to adjust the metabolic cost of its sensory representation to the entropy of the environment.
Discovery of fast and stable proton storage in bulk hexagonal molybdenum oxide
Authors: Xu Tiezhu , Xu Zhenming , Yao Tengyu , Zhang Miaoran , Chen Duo , Zhang Xiaogang , Shen Laifa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIonic and electronic transport in electrodes is crucial for electrochemical energy storage technology. To optimize the transport pathway of ions and electrons, electrode materials are minimized to nanometer-sized dimensions, leading to problems of volumetric performance, stability, cost, and pollution. Here we find that a bulk hexagonal molybdenum oxide with unconventional ion channels can store large amounts of protons at a high rate even if its particle size is tens of micrometers. The diffusion-free proton transport kinetics based on hydrogen bonding topochemistry is demonstrated in hexagonal molybdenum oxide whose proton conductivity is several orders of magnitude higher than traditional orthorhombic molybdenum oxide. In situ X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculation reveal that the structural self-optimization in the first discharge effectively promotes the reversible intercalation/de-intercalation of subsequent protons. The open crystal structure, suitable proton channels, and negligible volume strain enable rapid and stable proton transport and storage, resulting in extremely high volumetric capacitance (~1750 F cm–3), excellent rate performance, and ultralong cycle life (>10,000 cycles). The discovery of unconventional materials and mechanisms that enable proton storage of micrometer-sized particles in seconds boosts the development of fast-charging energy storage systems and high-power practical applications.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals the molecular implications of the stepwise progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Haga Yasuhiko , Sakamoto Yoshitaka , Kajiya Keiko , Kawai Hitomi , Oka Miho , Motoi Noriko , Shirasawa Masayuki , Yotsukura Masaya , Watanabe Shun-Ichi , Arai Miyuki , Zenkoh Junko , Shiraishi Kouya , Seki Masahide , Kanai Akinori , Shiraishi Yuichi , Yatabe Yasushi , Matsubara Daisuke , Suzuki Yutaka , Noguchi Masayuki , Kohno Takashi , Suzuki Ayako 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe mechanism underlying the development of tumors, particularly at early stages, still remains mostly elusive. Here, we report whole-genome long and short read sequencing analysis of 76 lung cancers, focusing on very early-stage lung adenocarcinomas such as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. The obtained data is further integrated with bulk and spatial transcriptomic data and epigenomic data. These analyses reveal key events in lung carcinogenesis. Minimal somatic mutations in pivotal driver mutations and essential proliferative factors are the only detectable somatic mutations in the very early-stage of AIS. These initial events are followed by copy number changes and global DNA hypomethylation. Particularly, drastic changes are initiated at the later AIS stage, i.e., in Noguchi type B tumors, wherein cancer cells are exposed to the surrounding microenvironment. This study sheds light on the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma from integrated pathological and molecular viewpoints.
Coherent light scattering from a telecom C-band quantum dot
Authors: Wells L. , Müller T. , Stevenson R. M. , Skiba-Szymanska J. , Ritchie D. A. , Shields A. J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuantum networks have the potential to transform secure communication via quantum key distribution and enable novel concepts in distributed quantum computing and sensing. Coherent quantum light generation at telecom wavelengths is fundamental for fibre-based network implementations, but Fourier-limited emission and subnatural linewidth photons have so far only been reported from systems operating in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range. Here, we use InAs/InP quantum dots to demonstrate photons with coherence times much longer than the Fourier limit at telecom wavelength via elastic scattering of excitation laser photons. Further, we show that even the inelastically scattered photons have coherence times within the error bars of the Fourier limit. Finally, we make direct use of the minimal attenuation in fibre for these photons by measuring two-photon interference after 25 km of fibre, demonstrating finite interference visibility for photons emitted about 100,000 excitation cycles apart.
PAX3-FOXO1 uses its activation domain to recruit CBP/P300 and shape RNA Pol2 cluster distribution
Authors: Asante Yaw , Benischke Katharina , Osman Issra , Ngo Quy A. , Wurth Jakob , Laubscher Dominik , Kim Hyunmin , Udhayakumar Bhavatharini , Khan Md Imdadul H. , Chin Diana H. , Porch Jadon , Chakraborty Maharshi , Sallari Richard , Delattre Olivier , Zaidi Sakina , Morice Sarah , Surdez Didier , Danielli Sara G. , Schäfer Beat W. , Gryder Berkley E. , Wachtel Marco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractActivation of oncogenic gene expression from long-range enhancers is initiated by the assembly of DNA-binding transcription factors (TF), leading to recruitment of co-activators such as CBP/p300 to modify the local genomic context and facilitate RNA-Polymerase 2 (Pol2) binding. Yet, most TF-to-coactivator recruitment relationships remain unmapped. Here, studying the oncogenic fusion TF PAX3-FOXO1 (P3F) from alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS), we show that a single cysteine in the activation domain (AD) of P3F is important for a small alpha helical coil that recruits CBP/p300 to chromatin. P3F driven transcription requires both this single cysteine and CBP/p300. Mutants of the cysteine reduce aRMS cell proliferation and induce cellular differentiation. Furthermore, we discover a profound dependence on CBP/p300 for clustering of Pol2 loops that connect P3F to its target genes. In the absence of CBP/p300, Pol2 long range enhancer loops collapse, Pol2 accumulates in CpG islands and fails to exit the gene body. These results reveal a potential novel axis for therapeutic interference with P3F in aRMS and clarify the molecular relationship of P3F and CBP/p300 in sustaining active Pol2 clusters essential for oncogenic transcription.
Tetrahedral triple-Q magnetic ordering and large spontaneous Hall conductivity in the metallic triangular antiferromagnet Co1/3TaS2
Authors: Park Pyeongjae , Cho Woonghee , Kim Chaebin , An Yeochan , Kang Yoon-Gu , Avdeev Maxim , Sibille Romain , Iida Kazuki , Kajimoto Ryoichi , Lee Ki Hoon , Ju Woori , Cho En-Jin , Noh Han-Jin , Han Myung Joon , Zhang Shang-Shun , Batista Cristian D. , Park Je-Geun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe triangular lattice antiferromagnet (TLAF) has been the standard paradigm of frustrated magnetism for several decades. The most common magnetic ordering in insulating TLAFs is the 120° structure. However, a new triple-Q chiral ordering can emerge in metallic TLAFs, representing the short wavelength limit of magnetic skyrmion crystals. We report the metallic TLAF Co1/3TaS2 as the first example of tetrahedral triple-Q magnetic ordering with the associated topological Hall effect (non-zero σxy(H = 0)). We also present a theoretical framework that describes the emergence of this magnetic ground state, which is further supported by the electronic structure measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Additionally, our measurements of the inelastic neutron scattering cross section are consistent with the calculated dynamical structure factor of the tetrahedral triple-Q state.
First close insight into global daily gapless 1 km PM2.5 pollution, variability, and health impact
Authors: Wei Jing , Li Zhanqing , Lyapustin Alexei , Wang Jun , Dubovik Oleg , Schwartz Joel , Sun Lin , Li Chi , Liu Song , Zhu Tong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHere we retrieve global daily 1 km gapless PM2.5 concentrations via machine learning and big data, revealing its spatiotemporal variability at an exceptionally detailed level everywhere every day from 2017 to 2022, valuable for air quality monitoring, climate change, and public health studies. We find that 96%, 82%, and 53% of Earth’s populated areas are exposed to unhealthy air for at least one day, one week, and one month in 2022, respectively. Strong disparities in exposure risks and duration are exhibited between developed and developing countries, urban and rural areas, and different parts of cities. Wave-like dramatic changes in air quality are clearly seen around the world before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdowns, as is the mortality burden linked to fluctuating air pollution events. Encouragingly, only approximately one-third of all countries return to pre-pandemic pollution levels. Many nature-induced air pollution episodes are also revealed, such as biomass burning.
Rho GTPase activity crosstalk mediated by Arhgef11 and Arhgef12 coordinates cell protrusion-retraction cycles
Authors: Nanda Suchet , Calderon Abram , Sachan Arya , Duong Thanh-Thuy , Koch Johannes , Xin Xiaoyi , Solouk-Stahlberg Djamschid , Wu Yao-Wen , Nalbant Perihan , Dehmelt Leif 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRho GTPases play a key role in the spatio-temporal coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics during cell migration. Here, we directly investigate crosstalk between the major Rho GTPases Rho, Rac and Cdc42 by combining rapid activity perturbation with activity measurements in mammalian cells. These studies reveal that Rac stimulates Rho activity. Direct measurement of spatio-temporal activity patterns show that Rac activity is tightly and precisely coupled to local cell protrusions, followed by Rho activation during retraction. Furthermore, we find that the Rho-activating Lbc-type GEFs Arhgef11 and Arhgef12 are enriched at transient cell protrusions and retractions and recruited to the plasma membrane by active Rac. In addition, their depletion reduces activity crosstalk, cell protrusion-retraction dynamics and migration distance and increases migration directionality. Thus, our study shows that Arhgef11 and Arhgef12 facilitate exploratory cell migration by coordinating cell protrusion and retraction by coupling the activity of the associated regulators Rac and Rho.
Prion protein conversion at two distinct cellular sites precedes fibrillisation
Authors: Ribes Juan Manuel , Patel Mitali P. , Halim Hazim A. , Berretta Antonio , Tooze Sharon A. , Klöhn Peter-Christian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe self-templating nature of prions plays a central role in prion pathogenesis and is associated with infectivity and transmissibility. Since propagation of proteopathic seeds has now been acknowledged a principal pathogenic process in many types of dementia, more insight into the molecular mechanism of prion replication is vital to delineate specific and common disease pathways. By employing highly discriminatory anti-PrP antibodies and conversion-tolerant PrP chimera, we here report that de novo PrP conversion and formation of fibril-like PrP aggregates are distinct in mechanistic and kinetic terms. De novo PrP conversion occurs within minutes after infection at two subcellular locations, while fibril-like PrP aggregates are formed exclusively at the plasma membrane, hours after infection. Phenotypically distinct pools of abnormal PrP at perinuclear sites and the plasma membrane show differences in N-terminal processing, aggregation state and fibril formation and are linked by exocytic transport via synaptic and large-dense core vesicles.
CrySyS dataset of CAN traffic logs containing fabrication and masquerade attacks
Authors: Gazdag András , Ferenc Rudolf , Buttyán Levente 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite their known security shortcomings, Controller Area Networks are widely used in modern vehicles. Research in the field has already proposed several solutions to increase the security of CAN networks, such as using anomaly detection methods to identify attacks. Modern anomaly detection procedures typically use machine learning solutions that require a large amount of data to be trained. This paper presents a novel CAN dataset specifically collected and generated to support the development of machine learning based anomaly detection systems. Our dataset contains 26 recordings of benign network traffic, amounting to more than 2.5 hours of traffic. We performed two types of attack on the benign data to create an attacked dataset representing most of the attacks previously proposed in the academic literature. As a novelty, we performed all attacks in two versions, modifying either one or two signals simultaneously. Along with the raw data, we also publish the source code used to generate the attacks to allow easy customization and extension of the dataset.
Surface oxygen concentration on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (2017–2022)
Authors: Hu Xiaokang , Chen Yanqiang , Huo Wenyixin , Jia Wei , Ma Heng , Ma Weidong , Jiang Lu , Zhang Gangfeng , Ma Yonggui , Tang Haiping , Shi Peijun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor the ecologically vulnerable Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), hypoxia is increasingly becoming an extremely important environmental risk factor that significantly affects the health of both humans and livestock in the plateau region, as well as hindering high-quality development. To focus on the problem of hypoxia, it is especially urgent to study the surface oxygen concentration (i.e., oxygen concentration). However, the existing research is not sufficient, and there is a lack of oxygen concentration data collected on the QTP. In this study, through the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research and field measurements, the oxygen concentration data and corresponding geographic environmental data were collected at 807 measurement points on the QTP from 2017 to 2022, and the spatiotemporal oxygen concentration patterns were estimated. This work filled the gaps in the measurement and research of oxygen concentrations on the QTP while providing data support for analyses of the influencing factors and spatiotemporal characteristics of oxygen concentrations, which is of great significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the QTP region.