bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Monopolar Electrosurgery in Cochlear Implant Recipients is Nominal: Evidence to Guide Clinical Practice
Authors: Dornhoffer James R. , Haller Travis , Lohse Christine M. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Neff Brian A. , Saoji Aniket A. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveComprehensively assess the prevalence of monopolar electrosurgery‐related device complications among cochlear implant (CI) recipients.Study DesignMultifaceted retrospective review and survey.SettingTertiary medical center.MethodsMultifaceted approach including: (i) review of the current literature; (ii) historical review of institutional data from an academic, tertiary CI center; (iii) review of industry data provided by 3 Food and Drug Administration‐approved CI manufacturers; and (iv) survey of high‐volume CI centers.ResultsLiterature review identified 9 human studies, detailing 84 devices with 199 episodes of device‐cautery exposure. From studies reporting on patients records, no implant showed evidence of damage after exposure. One cadaveric study using dental cautery reported 1 episode of device damage. Review of institutional records did not identify any CI damage in 84 instances of exposure. Data from the 3 major implant manufacturers showed a single report of damage that could be reasonably linked to monopolar electrosurgery, out of a possible 689,426 CIs. Last, a survey of 8 high‐volume CI centers did not identify any adverse events associated with monopolar cautery.ConclusionThese data estimate the risk of adverse device‐related events or tissue injury to be extraordinarily low. Short of operating in immediate proximity to the CI (ie, the ipsilateral temporoparietal scalp), these data indicate that monopolar electrosurgery can be used in the body and the head‐and‐neck of CI recipients with nominal risk. These findings may guide decision‐making in cases that are optimally or preferably performed with monopolar electrocautery and can be used to counsel CI patients following inadvertent exposures.
Prevalence of oral chronic graft versus host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yamada Ayaka , Torihata Sayaka , Shimoide Takeshi , Lee Atsushi‐Doksa , Kinoshita Yuko , Kawaguchi Miku , Ashida Takashi , Matsumura Itaru , Enomoto Akifumi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimOral cGVHD is one of the phenotypes of organ involvement of cGVHD and is a complex, frequent, and highly impactful complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HSCT). Few studies have compared the incidences and risk factors of oral cGVHD, and they have not been discussed. We performed to evaluate the risk factors for oral cGVHD after allogeneic HSCT in a single center.MethodsA retrospective study of clinical hematological data of all consecutive patients who underwent HSCT for malignant hematologic disease and then developed oral chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) in a single center from 2012 to the present was performed to evaluate the risk factors for oral cGVHD. Allogeneic HSCT was performed for 179 patients. Assessment of individual risk factors (age, sex, primary diagnosis, stem cell source, human leukocyte antigen [HLA] matching, regimen, donor age, and status after remission induction therapy) was completed to identify the effects of covariates of the independent variables.ResultsSeventy‐two (40.2%) patients were considered to have oral cGVHD within 36 months after HSCT. Statistical analysis showed that age, sex, stem cell source, HLA matching, regimen, donor age, and status after remission induction therapy were not significant factors related to oral cGVHD, whereas the primary disease was significant.ConclusionThe primary disease was a significant risk factor for oral cGVHD. The oral cGVHD was more common in myeloid neoplasms (MNs) patients than in lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) patients.
The effect of model uncertainties in the reinforcement learning based regulation problem: An experimental case study with inverted pendulum
Authors: Pal Amit Kumar , Oveisi Atta , Nestorović Tamara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work aims to improve the classical white‐box model of an inverted pendulum in order to reach a more accurate representation of an actual pendulum on a cart system. The purpose of the model is to train different controllers based on machine learning algorithms. In the context of this paper, the inverted pendulum system is driven by a belt drive that is controlled by a stepper motor. Due to the nature of the controller, the input to the stepper motor is in the form of a non‐smooth bang‐bang‐like signal that moves the cart to the left, right, or terminates its movement. One of the main challenges, in this case, is to find a proper function to model the stepper motor as its dynamics cannot be captured with a constant gain. It has been shown that the transient behavior of the stepper motor when changing direction or stopping is not negligible in the closed‐loop control performance. Accordingly, a grey‐box scheme, which accounts for the uncertainties that are not included in the vanilla white‐box model, is utilized to achieve a lower model mismatch compared to the actual pendulum. Initially, the equation of motion was derived using the Euler‐Lagrange equation with force on the cart as the control input. But in the real‐time experiment, the interface is realized by the stepper motor's frequency modulator, hence a transfer function representing the relationship between the frequency and the force applied on the cart (in the model) is calculated as a black‐box model. To improve the accuracy of the transfer function, an experimental data‐driven design of this function is performed based on modern schemes in system identification. For this purpose, the applied frequency to the stepper motor and the states from the actual system are recorded. Then, the applied force on the cart is calculated using the equation of motion and the recorded states. It is also shown that the frequency‐force transfer function uncertainty due to exogenous disturbances is non‐negligible and with the aim of having a more accurate model, an artificial neural network is introduced. Finally, the effectiveness of this grey‐box model is shown by training and implementing a deep Q‐network based controller to swing up and balance the inverted pendulum.
Influence of humidity on the plasma‐assisted CO2 conversion
Authors: Attri Pankaj , Okumura Takamasa , Takeuchi Nozomi , Kamataki Kunihiro , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current research focuses on carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion at ambient conditions using streamer plasma. In this study, treatment time and humidity have been found to influence CO2 conversion. Our findings reveal a maximum CO2 conversion rate of 35.2%, achieved with a remarkably high energy efficiency of CO2 conversion at 135% and a low energy cost of 2.17 eV/molecule. We employed optical emission and fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy to analyze the different dissociation products of CO2 and determine the percentage of CO2 conversion. Furthermore, we utilized a two‐dimensional (2D) fluid dynamics model and a zero‐dimensional (0D) chemistry model to gain insights into the reactor mechanism.
On the regulation of human D‐aspartate oxidase
Authors: Rabattoni Valentina , Motta Zoraide , Miceli Matteo , Molla Gianluca , Fissore Alex , Adinolfi Salvatore , Pollegioni Loredano , Sacchi Silvia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe human flavoenzyme D‐aspartate oxidase (hDASPO) controls the level of D‐aspartate in the brain, a molecule acting as an agonist of NMDA receptors and modulator of AMPA and mGlu5 receptors. hDASPO‐induced D‐aspartate degradation prevents age‐dependent deterioration of brain functions and is related to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Notwithstanding this crucial role, less is known about hDASPO regulation. Here, we report that hDASPO is nitrosylated in vitro, while no evidence of sulfhydration and phosphorylation is apparent: nitrosylation affects the activity of the human flavoenzyme to a limited extent. Furthermore, hDASPO interacts with the primate‐specific protein pLG72 (a well‐known negative chaperone of D‐amino acid oxidase, the enzyme deputed to D‐serine degradation in the human brain), yielding a ~114 kDa complex, with a micromolar dissociation constant, promoting the flavoenzyme inactivation. At the cellular level, pLG72 and hDASPO generate a cytosolic complex: the expression of pLG72 negatively affects the hDASPO level by reducing its half‐life. We propose that pLG72 binding may represent a protective mechanism aimed at avoiding cytotoxicity due to H2O2 produced by the hDASPO enzymatic degradation of D‐aspartate, especially before the final targeting to peroxisomes.
Bio‐electrospraying 3‐D Organotypic Human Skin Cultures
Authors: Jayarajan Vignesh , Auguste Jensen O. , Gene Kenilson A. , Auguste Libny , Nunez Camilo , Marcinowski Bartlomiej , Jayasinghe Suwan N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrganotypic 3D tissue models have greatly contributed to understand a wide range of molecular and cellular characteristics within a functional or diseased tissue. Human skin reconstructs which act as models are most useful for a wide range of investigations, ranging from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug development, screening, and discovery to name a few. There are many approaches for reconstructing 3D skin tissue models, however, to date there have been very few that are able to generate organotypic 3D constructs with a single technology having minimal processing steps to finally scalability. The many manifestations of 3D bioprinting have contributed to this endeavor, having said that, the technology's limitations have tempered those reconstructed models, as they are known to contain low cell numbers/concentrations to those having damaged/dead molecules/cells within the reconstructed tissue, which are not desirable, for exploring as tissues models. Contrary to 3D bioprinting approaches, bio‐electrosprays have been demonstrated to possess the ability to handle large concentrations of cells and molecules to whole fertilized embryos without damaging them from a molecular level upwards. Consequently, this article demonstrates, for the first time, bio‐electrospray's capacity to reconstruct skin‐like structures in vitro and its potential in reconstructing full‐thickness 3D organotypic human skin tissues.
Hair corticosterone concentration as a potential stress marker in pet rabbits
Authors: Hube Dana , van Meegen Carmen , Herbrandt Swetlana , Kemper Nicole , Fels Michaela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a prey species, rabbits tend to hide their illnesses and injuries. Consequently, pet rabbit owners often do not notice that their pet may be suffering.MethodsData on the housing and health of 34 dwarf rabbits were collected from a total of 22 rabbit owners. A score from 0 (not stressed) to 3 (highly stressed) was assigned to each rabbit based on the owners’ reports. Afterwards, the hair corticosterone concentration (HCC) of the rabbits was analysed as an indicator of long‐term stress.ResultsThe mean HCC of all rabbits was 1.54 ± 0.64 pg/mg. Animals with a stress score of 3 had a higher HCC (2.17 pg/mg) than those with a score of 0 (1.09 pg/mg) or 1 (1.44 pg/mg) (p < 0.05). HCC was not significantly affected by sex or age (p > 0.05).LimitationOnly a small number of rabbits were included in the study. Therefore, the findings need to be confirmed in a larger cohort of animals.ConclusionHCC seems to be a promising stress marker in pet rabbits.
Surgical outcomes for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the auricle
Authors: Manole Constantin , Skinner Liam J. , Donnelly Martin J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) on the auricle is believed to carry a higher risk of metastatic spread. The rates of lymphatic metastasis reported in the literature have varied widely. There are no established prognostic criteria to determine which of these tumors are higher risk and warrant prophylactic treatment of the associated lymphatic basins.ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate outcomes after surgical treatment of auricular CSCC in our department, examining excision completeness, tumor recurrence, and lymphatic metastasis. Secondarily, to identify factors associated with lymphatic metastasis.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐eight consecutive cases of auricular SCC were excised from 126 patients in our department over a 7‐year period (January 2012–December 2018). Data were retrospectively collected on patient characteristics, tumor histology, surgical procedures, and follow‐up.ResultsIncomplete initial excision occurred in 17 cases (12.32%). Six patients (4.76%) had a local recurrence. Lymphatic metastasis occurred in eight patients (6.35%), on average within 10.25 months after primary excision. Six patients with metastasis died during follow‐up, with a mean survival of 10.2 months. Older age was associated with lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.0267). Other factors, including tumor recurrence, size, grade, cartilage invasion, and positive margins, were evaluated and not significantly associated with metastasis.ConclusionIn this study, the metastatic rate of auricular SCC was 6.35%, which is within the previously reported ranges. No histological prognostic factors were identified in this study, which may be due to our limited sample size. In the absence of established prognostic criteria, decisions regarding prophylactic treatment should be made on an individual basis with multidisciplinary support.
AI and Sensitive Personal Data Under the Law Enforcement Directive: Between Operational Efficiency and Legal Necessity
Authors: Naarttijärvi Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn constitutional theory, the requirement of necessity is an integral part of a wider proportionality assessment in the limitation of constitutional rights. It fulfils a function of sorting out measures that restrict rights beyond what is required to fulfil the intended purpose. Within data protection, the requirement varies in strictness and interpretation—from ‘ordinary’ necessity to ‘strict necessity’. Recently, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has introduced what appears to be an even stricter requirement of ‘absolute necessity’ relating to the processing of biometric information under the EU Law Enforcement Directive (LED). In practice, however, the implications of those respective levels of strictness tends to vary, from a strict ‘least restrictive means’ test, to an analysis of whether a measure is necessary for a more effective or a more efficient fulfilment of the intended purpose. In this contribution the principle of necessity as applied by the ECJ is analysed as it pertains to the LED and the Charter, more specifically in the context of implementing AI supported analysis of biometric data. The gradual development of the interpretation of necessity is traced in the data protection case law of the ECJ. The study shows the increased emphasis placed on proportionality over time, highlighting both strengths and potential weaknesses of the requirement in relation to the use of AI supported decision-making in the law enforcement context.
A parallel geometric multigrid method for adaptive topology optimization
Authors: Herrero-Pérez David , Picó-Vicente Sebastián Ginés 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work presents an efficient parallel geometric multigrid (GMG) implementation for preconditioning Krylov subspace methods solving differential equations using non-conforming meshes for discretization. The approach does not constrain such meshes to the typical multiscale grids used by Cartesian hierarchical grid methods, such as octree-based approaches. It calculates the restriction and interpolation operators for grid transferring between the non-conforming hierarchical meshes of the cycle scheme. Using non-Cartesian grids in topology optimization, we reduce the mesh size discretizing only the design domain and keeping the geometry of boundaries in the final design. We validate the GMG method operating on non-conforming meshes using an adaptive density-based topology optimization method, which coarsens the finite elements dynamically following a weak material estimation criterion. The GMG method requires the generation of the hierarchical non-conforming meshes dynamically from the one used by the adaptive topology optimization to analyze to the one coarsening all the mesh elements until the coarsest level of the mesh hierarchy. We evaluate the performance of the adaptive topology optimization using the GMG preconditioner operating on non-conforming meshes using topology optimization on a fine-conforming mesh as the reference. We also test the strong and weak scaling of the parallel GMG preconditioner with two three-dimensional topology optimization problems using adaptivity, showing the computational advantages of the proposed method.
Clinical Application of Computer‐Aided Diagnosis System in Breast Ultrasound: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: He Ping , Chen Wen , Bai Ming‐Yu , Li Jun , Wang Qing‐Qing , Fan Li‐Hong , Zheng Jian , Liu Chun‐Tao , Zhang Xiao‐Rong , Yuan Xi‐Rong , Song Peng‐Jie , Cui Li‐Gang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesUltrasound tends to present very high sensitivity but relatively low specificity and positive predictive value (PPV), which would result in unnecessary breast biopsies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the diagnostic performance of computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) (S‐Detect) system in differentiating breast lesions and reducing unnecessary biopsies in non‐university hospitals in less‐developed regions of China.MethodsThe study was a prospective multicenter study from 8 hospitals. The ultrasound images, and cine, CAD analysis, and BI‐RADS were recorded. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed and compared between CAD and radiologists. The Youden Index (YI) was used to determine optimal cut‐off for the number of planes to downgrade.ResultsA total of 491 breast lesions were included in the study. Less‐experienced radiologists combined CAD was superior to less‐experienced radiologists alone in AUC (0.878 vs 0.712, p < 0.001), and specificity (81.3% vs 44.6%, p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in AUC (0.891 vs 0.878, p = 0.346), and specificity (82.3% vs 81.3%, p = 0.791) between experienced radiologists and less‐experienced radiologists combined CAD. With CAD assistance, the biopsy rate of less‐experienced radiologists was significantly decreased (100.0% vs 25.6%, p < 0.001), and malignant rate of biopsy was significantly increased (15.0% vs 43.9%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsCAD system can be an effective auxiliary tool in differentiating breast lesions and reducing unnecessary biopsies for radiologists from non‐university hospitals in less‐developed regions of China.
Fitting parameters and therapies of ODE tumor models with senescence and immune system
Authors: Guillén-González F. , Sevillano-Castellano E. , Suárez A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work is devoted to introduce and study two quasispecies nonlinear ODE systems that model the behavior of tumor cell populations organized in different states. In the first model, replicative, senescent, extended lifespan, immortal and tumor cells are considered, while the second also includes immune cells. We fit the parameters regulating the transmission between states in order to approximate the outcomes of the models to a real progressive tumor invasion. After that, we study the identifiability of the fitted parameters, by using two sensitivity analysis methods. Then, we show that an adequate reduced fitting process (only accounting to the most identifiable parameters) gives similar results but saving computational cost. Three different therapies are introduced in the models to shrink (progressively in time) the tumor, while the replicative and senescent cells invade. Each therapy is identified to a dimensionless parameter. Then, we make a fitting process of the therapies’ parameters, in various scenarios depending on the initial tumor according to the time when the therapies started. We conclude that, although the optimal combination of therapies depends on the size of initial tumor, the most efficient therapy is the reinforcement of the immune system. Finally, an identifiability analysis allows us to detect a limitation in the therapy outcomes. In fact, perturbing the optimal combination of therapies under an appropriate therapeutic vector produces virtually the same results.
Multi-parametric MRI-based machine learning model for prediction of WHO grading in patients with meningiomas
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Nie Chuansheng , Zhao Lei , Xiao Dongdong , Zheng Jianglin , Zhang Hao , Yan Pengfei , Jiang Xiaobing , Zhao Hongyang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram combined multiparametric MRI and clinical indicators for identifying the WHO grade of meningioma.

Materials and methods
Five hundred and sixty-eight patients were included in this study, who were diagnosed pathologically as having meningiomas. Firstly, radiomics features were extracted from CE-T1, T2, and 1-cm-thick tumor-to-brain interface (BTI) images. Then, difference analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were orderly used to select the most representative features. Next, the support vector machine algorithm was conducted to predict the WHO grade of meningioma. Furthermore, a nomogram incorporated radiomics features and valuable clinical indicators was constructed by logistic regression. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by calibration and clinical effectiveness, as well as internal validation.

Results
Peritumoral edema volume and gender are independent risk factors for predicting meningioma grade. The multiparametric MRI features incorporating CE-T1, T2, and BTI features showed the higher performance for prediction of meningioma grade with a pooled AUC = 0.885 (95% CI, 0.821–0.946) and 0.860 (95% CI, 0.788–0.923) in the training and test groups, respectively. Then, a nomogram with a pooled AUC = 0.912 (95% CI, 0.876–0.961), combined radiomics score, peritumoral edema volume, and gender improved diagnostic performance compared to radiomics model or clinical model and showed good calibration as the true results. Moreover, decision curve analysis demonstrated satisfactory clinical effectiveness of the proposed nomogram.

Conclusions
A novel nomogram is simple yet effective in differentiating WHO grades of meningioma and thus can be used in patients with meningiomas.

Clinical relevance statement
We proposed a nomogram that included clinical indicators and multi-parameter radiomics features, which can accurately, objectively, and non-invasively differentiate WHO grading of meningioma and thus can be used in clinical work.

Key Points
• The study combined radiomics features and clinical indicators for objectively predicting the meningioma grade.
• The model with CE-T1 + T2 + brain-to-tumor interface features demonstrated the best predictive performance by investigating seven different radiomics models.
• The nomogram potentially has clinical applications in distinguishing high-grade and low-grade meningiomas.