bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bumpless transfer piecewise filtering approach for fault detection of switched linear systems
Authors: Liang Zhanhong , Gao Jinfeng , Yao Lina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on bumpless transfer (BT) fault detection in switched linear systems operating under mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT) switching. We propose a piecewise fault detection filter (FDF) inspired by the segmentation concept inherent in the multiple discontinuous Lyapunov function (MDLF) approach. This filter generates a residual signal that effectively minimizes the amplitude of residual bumps, surpassing the performance of traditional non‐piecewise FDFs. We introduce a new definition of residual BT performance, aimed at reducing residual bump amplitude during filter transitions. The goal is to design the piecewise FDF such that the augmented system maintains asymptotic stability with weighted performance, while also meeting the residual BT performance criteria. The feasibility of achieving BT fault detection filtering is established through linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), leveraging the MDLF and MDADT strategies. The efficacy and benefits of the proposed BT piecewise FDF design are demonstrated through simulations on a boost converter.
Exploring teachers' views of cultural capital in English schools
Authors: Bates Gareth , Connolly Steve 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to raise questions about the role that cultural capital might have to play in English schooling. With the term being used by both the Department for Education and the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted, the English schools' inspectorate) as a means of describing certain key characteristics of a school's curriculum, the authors of this paper consider what the term actually now means in this educational context. To ground this consideration in a real‐world context, we present some data from a 2‐year study, which evaluated an intervention programme for disadvantaged young people in one English local authority. One aspect of this programme was the development of cultural capital for disadvantaged young people, and in the course of the evaluation a number of teachers were interviewed about how they saw this role and what cultural capital meant to them. As we explore in the paper, while English policymakers' and regulators' views of cultural capital are both narrow and perhaps, in some senses, deviate from both traditional and contemporary definitions of the term, teachers take a much richer and more flexible approach to the idea. With this in mind, we explore both the term itself and what it means for these teachers.
Context matters: Conceptualising and operationalising the contextual prevention of child sexual abuse
Authors: Rayment‐McHugh Susan , McKillop Nadine , Adams Dimity , Higgins Daryl J. , Russell Douglas H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is growing recognition of the contextual dynamics of child sexual abuse, with a developing evidence base supporting it, sparking calls to ensure prevention efforts are contextualised. Contextual approaches extend the focus of prevention beyond the individual, to include immediate situations, and the physical and social contexts in which abuse occurs. Although academic and industry support for contextual approaches is gaining momentum, there is no consistent definition of contextual prevention nor operational clarity currently available to inform research, policy and practice. This contributes to a lack of policy guidance and practice consistency; also impeding much needed evaluation research, and likely slowing scholarly and practice uptake. In this article, we address this important gap. Based on a critical review of relevant literature, we propose a conceptual definition of contextual prevention and its operationalisation and provide a framework and guidance for policymakers and practitioners tasked with protecting children from child sexual abuse.
Percutaneous mechanical aspiration in patients with right‐sided infective endocarditis: An analysis of the national inpatient sample database—2016–2020
Authors: Haddad Sara F. , Lahr Brian D. , El Sabbagh Abdallah , Wilson Walter R. , Chesdachai Supavit , DeSimone Daniel C. , Baddour Larry M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundGiven the challenges of conventional therapies in managing right‐sided infective endocarditis (RSIE), percutaneous mechanical aspiration (PMA) of vegetations has emerged as a novel treatment option. Data on trends, characteristics, and outcomes of PMA, however, have largely been limited to case reports and case series.Aims:The aim of the current investigation was to provide a descriptive analysis of PMA in the United States and to profile the frequency of PMA with a temporal analysis and the patient cohort.MethodsThe International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes were used to identify patients with RSIE in the national (nationwide) inpatient sample (NIS) database between 2016 and 2020. The clinical characteristics and temporal trends of RSIE hospitalizations in patients who underwent PMA was profiled.ResultsAn estimated 117,955 RSIE‐related hospital admissions in the United States over the 5‐year study period were estimated and 1675 of them included PMA. Remarkably, the rate of PMA for RSIE increased 4.7‐fold from 2016 (0.56%) to 2020 (2.62%). Patients identified with RSIE who had undergone PMA were young (medial age 36.5 years) and had few comorbid conditions (median Charlson Comorbidity Index, 0.6). Of note, 36.1% of patients had a history of hepatitis C infection, while only 9.9% of patients had a cardiovascular implantable electronic device. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant (61.8%) pathogen. Concomitant transvenous lead extraction and cardiac valve surgery during the PMA hospitalization were performed in 18.2% and 8.4% of admissions, respectively. The median hospital stay was 19.0 days, with 6.0% in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsThe marked increase in the number of PMA procedures in the United States suggests that this novel treatment option has been embraced as a useful tool in select cases of RSIE. More work is needed to better define indications for the procedure and its efficacy and safety.
Insight into structure evolution of carbon nitrides and its energy conversion as luminescence
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Jingwei , Chen Wenjie , Tao Minjia , Meng Xianguang , Zhang Yuanjian , Zuo Guifu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA series of carbon nitride (CN) materials represented by graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) have been widely used in bioimaging, biosensing, and other fields in recent years due to their nontoxicity, low cost, and high luminescent quantum efficiency. What is more attractive is that the luminescent properties such as wavelength and intensity can be regulated by controlling the structure at the molecular level. Hence, it is time to summarize the related research on CN structural evolution and make a prospect on future developments. In this review, we first summarize the research history and multiple structural evolution of CN. Then, the progress of improving the luminescence performance of CN through structural evolution was discussed. Significantly, the relationship between CN structure evolution and energy conversion in the forms of photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence was reviewed. Finally, key challenges and opportunities such as nanoscale dispersion strategy, luminous efficiency improving methods, standardization evaluation, and macroscopic preparation of CN are highlighted.
Building Fe atom–cluster composite sites using a site occupation strategy to boost electrochemical oxygen reduction
Authors: Zhou Tingyi , Guan Yi , He Changjie , Zhang Lei , Sun Xueliang , Song Zhongxin , Zhang Qianling , He Chuanxin , Jiang Xiantao , Luo Zhaoyan , Xing Wei , Ren Xiangzhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe high‐temperature pyrolysis process for preparing M–N–C single‐atom catalyst usually results in high heterogeneity in product structure concurrently contains multiscale metal phases from single atoms (SAs), atomic clusters to nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the interactions among these components, especially the synergistic effects between single atomic sites and cluster sites, is crucial for improving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of M–N–C catalysts. Accordingly, herein, we constructed a model catalyst composed of both atomically dispersed FeN4 SA sites and adjacent Fe clusters through a site occupation strategy. We found that the Fe clusters can optimize the adsorption strength of oxygen reduction intermediates on FeN4 SA sites by introducing electron‐withdrawing –OH ligands and decreasing the d‐band center of the Fe center. The as‐developed catalyst exhibits encouraging ORR activity with half‐wave potentials (E1/2) of 0.831 and 0.905 V in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Moreover, the catalyst also represents excellent durability exceeding that of Fe–N–C SA catalyst. The practical application of Fe(Cd)–CNx catalyst is further validated by its superior activity and stability in a metal–air battery device. Our work exhibits the great potential of synergistic effects between multiphase metal species for improvements of single‐atom site catalysts.
Combined Covalent and Supramolecular Polymerization to Reinforce Perylenebisimide Photosynthetic “Quantasomes”
Authors: Ranscht Alisa , Rigodanza Francesco , Gobbato Thomas , Crea Ilaria , Quadrelli Elsje Alessandra , Canivet Jerome , Bonchio Marcella 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPSII‐inspired quantasomes have emerged as promising artificial photosystems evolving oxygen from water due to their integrated multi‐chromophore asset, hierarchical architecture, and efficient light‐harvesting capabilities. In this study, we adopt a combined covalent and supramolecular strategy by implementing a poly‐styrene backbone that reinforces proximity and pairing between adjacent perylenebisimide (PBI) quantasome units. The covalent fixation of the quantasome network results in a significant enhancement of the photoelectrocatalytic performance on engineered IO‐ITO photoanodes, with up to 290 % photocurrent increase (J up to 100 μA cm−2, λ >450 nm, applied bias <1.23 V vs RHE, F.E.O2 >80 %) compared to the non‐polymerized analog. Moreover, the direct PBI‐quantasome polymerization on the photoanode surface was performed by light irradiation of the radical initiator 2,2’‐Azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine), improving the photoelectrode robustness under high solar irradiance (>8 suns) and limiting the photocurrent loss (<20 %) at 1.52 V vs RHE compared to the non‐polymerized system.
Organic Molecules Mimic Alkali Metals Enabling Spontaneous Harpoon Reactions with Halogens
Authors: Cao Wenjin , Wang Xue‐Bin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe harpoon mechanism has been a milestone in molecular reaction dynamics. Until now, the entity from which electron harpooning occurs has been either alkali metal atoms or non‐metallic analogs in their excited states. In this work, we demonstrate that a common organic molecule, octamethylcalix[4] pyrrole (omC4P), behaves just like alkali metal atoms, enabling the formation of charge‐separated ionic bonding complexes with halogens omC4P+ ⋅ X− (X=F−I, SCN) via the harpoon mechanism. Their electronic structures and chemical bonding were determined by cryogenic photoelectron spectroscopy of the corresponding anions and confirmed by theoretical analyses. The omC4P+ ⋅ X− could be visualized to form from the reactants omC4P+X via electron harpooning from omC4P to X at a distance defined by the energy difference between the ionization potential of omC4P and electron affinity of X.
“The Sulfur Dance” Around Arenes and Heteroarenes ‐ the Reversible Nature of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions
Authors: Gahlot Sapna , Schmitt Jean‐Louis , Chevalier Aline , Villa Marco , Roy Myriam , Ceroni Paola , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Gingras Marc 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe disclose the features of a category of reversible nucleophilic aromatic substitutions in view of their significance and generality in dynamic aromatic chemistry. Exchange of sulfur components surrounding arenes and heteroarenes may occur at 25 °C, in a process that one may call a “sulfur dance”. These SNAr systems present their own features, apart from common reversible reactions utilized in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC). By varying conditions, covalent dynamics may operate to provide libraries of thiaarenes with some selectivity, or conversion of a hexa(thio)benzene asterisk into another one. The reversible nature of SNAr is confirmed by three methods: a convergence of the products distribution in reversible SNAr systems, a related product redistribution between two per(thio)benzenes by using a thiolate promoter, and from kinetic/thermodynamic data. A four‐component dynamic covalent system further illustrates the thermodynamically‐driven formation of a thiacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine by sulfur component exchanges. This work stimulates the implementation of reversible SNAr in aromatic chemistry and in DCC.
Size dependence of optical activities in helical polymers
Authors: Hatanaka Masashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChiroptical properties of helical polymers do not always align with the sum of the local contributions of their unit cells. This study investigates the discrepancy in optical rotatory strength between local and global structures using a right‐handed helical polyacetylene model. The chirality is examined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The analysis reveals that, at higher degrees of polymerization, the contribution of chirality from the helical strand generally surpasses the partial chirality from the local structure. The ratio of local contribution to total contribution is deduced within the framework of crystal orbital theory, and a numerical method using Wannier functions is presented for evaluation.
Gewinnung von Fettsäuremethylestern aus industriellem Kaffeesatz
Authors: Grän-Heedfeld Jürgen , Kraft Axel , Fastabend Anna , Kahl Fabian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBei der industriellen Herstellung von Instant‐Kaffee fällt Kaffeesatz (SCG) in großen Mengen als Reststoff an. In einem öffentlich geförderten Forschungsprojekt wurde ein Weg zur stofflichen Nutzung von SCG entwickelt. Hierbei standen zwei Intermediate im Fokus: entölter SCG und funktionalisierte Fettsäuremethylester (FAME). Es wird ein Projektteil beschrieben, in dem ein sequenzieller Prozess mit Extraktion des SCG und anschließender Umsetzung des gewonnenen Kaffeeöls zu FAME entwickelt wurde.
Unveiling the Activity and Mechanism Alterations by Pyrene Decoration on a Co(II) Macrocyclic Catalyst for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Weilu , Huang Hai‐Hua , Luo Zhi‐Mei , Ma Fan , Gonell Sergio , Ke Zhuofeng , Tan Liang , Wang Jia‐Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMechanistic studies involving characterization of crucial intermediates are desirable for rational optimization of molecular catalysts toward CO2 reduction, while fundamental challenges are associated with such studies. Herein we present the systematic mechanistic investigations on a pyrene‐appended CoII macrocyclic catalyst in comparison with its pyrene‐free prototype. The comparative results also verify the reasons of the higher catalytic activity of the pyrene‐tethered catalyst in noble‐metal‐free CO2 photoreduction with various photosensitizers, where a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 36±3 % at 425 nm can be obtained for selective CO production. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies in conjunction with DFT calculations between the two catalysts have characterized the key CO‐bound intermediates and revealed their different CO‐binding behavior, demonstrating that the pyrene group endows the corresponding CoII catalyst a lower catalytic potential, a higher stability, and a greater ease in CO release, all of which contribute to its better performance.
Helium atom embedded in non‐ideal classical plasmas: Doubly excited singlet S states
Authors: Das Netai , Ghoshal Arijit , Ho Yew Kam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe influence of the non‐ideality (NI) of the classical plasmas on the doubly excited singlet S states of the helium atom (He) embedded in the plasma has been investigated theoretically. A pseudopotential containing the Debye length and the non‐ideality parameter (NIP) as its characteristics is used to represent the screened interaction potentials in the plasma. Using a large wavefunction within the framework of the stabilization method, it has been possible to recognize six doubly excited singlet S states (five lying below the He+(2S) excitation threshold and one lying below the He+(3S) excitation threshold) for the plasma‐free case. The energies and the autoionization life‐times of those states are computed by fitting the density of states to the Lorentzian form. Convergence of the computed results is corroborated by increasing the number of terms in the employed wavefunction. For the plasma‐free case, these results are in excellent agreement with the established results in the literature. A comprehensive analysis has been made on changes induced on those doubly excited states by varying NI over a wide range. It has been observed that the energies of the states gradually approach the corresponding threshold energies with the increasing NI of the plasma, whereas the change in the life‐times (alternatively the widths of the states) of the states shows distinctive features depending on the angular momentum of an individual electron.
Design and optimization of triangular microstrip patch antenna using extreme learning machine (ELM)‐based improved Crystal Structure Algorithm (CryStAl) for C‐band application
Authors: Kumar Jakkuluri Vijaya , Shaby S. Maflin 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis article introduces Crystal Structure Algorithm (CryStAl), a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm, for fine‐tuning microstrip patch antennas (MPA) in C‐band applications, which utilizes CryStAl with dielectric constant and resonant frequency inputs to optimize MPA dimensions, addressing limited bandwidth and gain issues. Achieves superior antenna performance with 32.71 dB return loss, 5.09 dB gain, and 1.2 VSWR, demonstrating improved convergence speed, radiation pattern, and suitability for diverse C‐band conditions.
Benthic biology influences sedimentation in submarine channel bends: Coupling of biology, sedimentation and flow
Authors: Azpiroz‐Zabala M. , Sumner E. J. , Cartigny M. J. B. , Peakall J. , Clare M. A. , Darby S. E. , Parsons D. R. , Dorrell R. M. , Özsoy E. , Tezcan D. , Wynn R. B. , Johnson J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubmarine channels are key features for the transport of flow and nutrients into deep water. Previous studies of their morphology and channel evolution have treated these systems as abiotic, and therefore assume that physical processes are solely responsible for morphological development. Here, a unique dataset is utilised that includes spatial measurements around a channel bend that hosts active sediment gravity flows. The data include flow velocity and density, alongside bed grain size and channel‐floor benthic macrofauna. Analysis of these parameters demonstrate that while physical processes control the broadest scale variations in sedimentation around and across the channel, benthic biology plays a critical role in stabilising sediment and trapping fines. This leads to much broader mixed grain sizes than would be expected from purely abiotic sedimentation, and the maintenance of sediment beds in positions where all the sediment should be actively migrating. Given that previous work has also shown that submarine channels can be biological hotspots, then the present study suggests that benthic biology probably plays a key role in channel morphology and evolution, and that these need to be considered both in the modern and when considering examples preserved in the rock record.
Comparisons between atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa: Psychological and comorbidity patterns
Authors: Fitterman‐Harris Hannah F. , Han Yuchen , Osborn Kimberly D. , Faulkner Loie M. , Williams Brenna M. , Pennesi Jamie‐Lee , Levinson Cheri A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveLiterature comparing “atypical” anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) and anorexia nervosa (AN) suggests these diagnoses share significant similarities in eating disorder (ED) pathology and psychiatric comorbidities. This study evaluated potential differences in ED pathology, psychiatric comorbidity, associated mechanisms (i.e., ED fears and perfectionism), and demographic factors (i.e., ethnicity and age) between individuals with atypical AN and AN.MethodData from seven protocols were combined for a total 464 individuals diagnosed with atypical AN (n = 215) or AN (n = 249). Between‐group differences in ED severity and behaviors, psychiatric comorbidities, ED fears, perfectionism, and demographic factors were assessed using t‐tests, Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, and Fisher's exact test.ResultsParticipants with atypical AN reported higher levels of overvaluation of weight and shape than those with AN. Participants with AN scored higher on food‐related fears (anxiety about eating, food avoidance behaviors, and feared concerns) and fears of social eating, as well as obsessive‐compulsive symptoms. Participants with AN were more likely to identify as Asian or Pacific Islander. No other statistically significant differences were found between groups for overall ED severity, ED behaviors, psychiatric comorbidities, general ED fears, perfectionism, or demographic factors.DiscussionOverall, results support previous literature indicating limited differences between individuals with atypical AN and AN, though individuals with atypical AN reported more overvaluation of weight and shape and those with AN reported higher food and social eating fears and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms. Relatively few overall differences between atypical AN and AN highlight the importance of exploring dimensional conceptualizations of AN as an alternative to the current categorical conceptualization.Public SignificanceThis study assessed differences among individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa in eating disorder severity and behaviors, comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, associated mechanisms, and demographic factors. Few differences emerged, though participants with atypical anorexia nervosa reported more overvaluation of weight and shape, while those with anorexia nervosa reported more food and social eating fears and higher obsessive‐compulsive symptoms. Results support exploration of these diagnoses as a spectrum disorder.