bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slalp
Authors: Ayscough Kathryn R , Drubin David G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sla1p is a protein that immunolocalizes to the cortical actin cytoskeleton in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of the gene encoding Sia1p causes a disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and cells become temperature-sensitive for growth. Sia1p contains three SH3 domains at its N terminus, while its C-terminus is characterized by the presence of repeats rich in glycine, praline, and glutamine residues. A full-length homologue of Sia1p has now been identified in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Sla2p
Authors: Cope M J T V , Drubin David G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sla2p is a protein required for the proper organization of the S. cerevisiae actin cytoskeleton. lmmunolocalization indicates that Sla2p is found in cortical structures. These structures generally, but not exclusively, coincide with the actin patches that are proposed to be involved a variety of essential cellular processes such as exo-and endocytosis, as well as osmotic sensing and cell polarity determination. Mutations in the SLA2 gene result in defective cellular morphogenesis, loss of polarization of actin patches, loss of bipolar budding pattern in diploid cells, reduced or no endocytosis and, in certain yeast strains, death.
Tensin
Authors: Lin Shin , Lin Diane C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No synonymous names, but tensin does have many regions showing sequence homology with other proteins.
The discovery of tensin stems from studies on the interaction of F-actin with vinculin, a protein found at focal adhesions of fibroblasts. In experiments in the early 1980s, vinculin preparations from chicken gizzard inhibited actin polymerization in a manner suggesting a direct interaction of the protein with the barbed ends of actin filaments (i.e. capping activity). Subsequent studies indicated that this phenomenon is attributable to the activity of a heterogeneous group of peptides (designated HA1; M, = 20-45 kDa) contaminating the vinculin preparations.
VASP
Authors: Reinhard Matthias , Jarchau Thomas , Reinhard Kathrin , Walter Ulrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
VASP, a praline-rich protein substrate of both cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, is expressed in most mammalian cell types and tissues. Particularly high VASP levels are detected in human platelets. In cultured cells, VASP is associated with focal adhesions, cell-cell contacts, microfilaments, and highly dynamic membrane regions such as the leading edge. From in vitro binding data VASP has been suggested to link profilin to zyxin, vinculin, and the Listeria spp. surface protein ActA. Functional evidence indicates that VASP is a crucial factor involved in the enhancement of actin filament formation.
Vitamin D-binding/Gc protein
Authors: Haddad John G , Cooke Nancy E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This plasma a-globulin is in the albumin, a-fetoprotein family and is synthesized predominantly in the liver. It circulates at a 20-fold higher titre than its mot/mot, vitamin D sterol-ligands, thereby providing their conservation, solubility, and transport in the blood. The protein also binds globular actin at high affinity and constitutes, along with gelsolin, a plasma-actin-scavenger system. Cell surface associations and metabolism of the protein suggest its cellular entry into phagolysosomes, although its direct cellular injection causes a reversible disassembly of microfilaments. Preliminary findings suggest that this protein’s absence in an experimental murine null homozygote can lead to abnormalities in monocytelmacrophage development and activation, as previously suggested by its behaviour as a co-chemotaxin and macrophage activator.
Structural features of IF proteins
Authors: Parry David A D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IF), a constituent of almost all eukaryotic cells, are one of three major classes of intra-cellular filaments, the others being the microtubules (about 25 nm in diameter) and the actin-containing microfilaments (about 10 nm in diameter). Initially, the intermediate filaments (IF) were thought to be intermediate in size between the microtubules and the micro-filaments, hence their name, but subsequent structural characterization showed that discrimination on the basis of size was uncertain since IF and microfilaments have similar diameters. Intermediate filaments are not restricted to the cytoplasm but are found also within the nuclear envelope. Generally, however, long sinuous bundles of IF extend from the outer surface of the cell nucleus to the adhesion plaques or desmosomes on the inner surface of the cell membrane.
Lens beaded filament proteins
Authors: Quinlan Roy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lens beaded filaments are specific to the lens. As the name suggets, the filaments have a characteristic morphology with 15-20 nm beads decorating a 5-6 nm backbone. The filaments comprise two lens-specific intermediate filament proteins, CP49 (also called phakanin) and filensin along with a-crystal/in particles. Fifensin and CP49 require each other for assembly. The classification of filensin and CP49 into the established intermediate filament types 1-V has not been possible because of a lack of a consensus from gene structure, assembly properties, and sequence homology data. Filensin and CP49 are useful markers for the lens cell fibre cell differentiation. A unequivocal role in lens function has yet to be shown but filensin expression is severely affected in the mouse inherited cataract mutant Elo. Also, lens fibre cell denucleation, an essential step in establishing lens transparency, coincides with the spatial reorganization of the CP49/filensin networks in lens fibre cells and includes the specific entry of CP49 into the nuclear compartment.
spatio-Temporal Properties of Gene Genealogies in Geographically Structured Populations
Authors: Epperson Bryan K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Probabilities of identity by descent (IBD) in geographically structured populations incorporate genealogical information for genetic markers in processes of genetic drift and migration. Existing theory has dealt only with the spatial or geographic pattern of degrees of relatedness or genetic similarity. However, to fully understand the relationship of present geographical or spatial patterns of genetic variation to those in the past, it is necessary to build models that directly relate the two. The formulation of space-time probabilities of IBD is very general and can be applied to a wide range of systems of populations exchanging migrants, and it can be applied to experimental studies to infer migration patterns that occurred in the past. In this chapter, results are presented that illustrate several features of the historical relationships between genes in different populations. Coalescence probabilities for two genes, separated in time as well as space, are also examined. The results can be used to determine the level of certainty that genes found in present populations are descended from ancient genes in the same population or nearby populations versus geographically distant populations. When mutation and migration rates are high, past populations that are quite distant geographically are almost as likely to contain ancestors of (and hence show almost equivalent similarity with) genes at a given population as is the past population at the same location, and thus it should be difficult to infer the geographic origins of genetic polymorphisms. Space-time probabilities of IBD also can be used for’space time’ molecular genetic data, which is becoming increasingly important as DNA polymorphism is increasingly being assayed from fossils and other sources of ancient DNA.
The Geometric Picture
Authors: Higgins Peter M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two sides of the mathematical coin, discrete mathematics based on counting, as opposed to the continuous mathematics that arises through measurement, still form the basis of modern mathematics and the tension between the two branches persists today. The nature of this tension first emerged clearly during the lifetime of Pythagoras in the 6th century BC for it was at this time, in ancient Greece, that arithmetic and geometry reached the level of sophistication required to formulate the difficulties.
Old English Literature
Authors: Sanders Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term ‘Old English’ was invented as a patriotic and philological convenience. The more familiar term ‘Anglo-Saxon’ has a far older pedigree. ‘Old English’ implied that there was a cultural continuity between the England of the sixth century and the England of the nineteenth century (when German, and later British, philologists determined that there had been phases in the development of the English language which they described as ‘Old’, ‘Middle’, and ‘Modern’). ‘Anglo-Saxon’ had, on the other hand, come to suggest a culture distinct from that of modern England, one which might be pejoratively linked to the overtones of’ Sassenach’ (Saxon), a word long thrown back by angry Celts at English invaders and English cultural imperialists. In 1871 Henry Sweet, the pioneer Oxford phonetician and Anglicist, insisted in his edition of one of King Alfred’s translations that he was going to use ‘Old English’ to denote ‘the unmixed, inflectional state of the English language, commonly known by the barbarous and unmeaning title of “Anglo-Saxon”‘. A thousand years earlier, King Alfred himself had referred to the tongue which he spoke and in which he wrote as ‘englisc’. It was the language of the people he ruled, the inhabitants of Wessex who formed part of a larger English nation. That nation, which occupied most of the fertile arable land in the southern part of the island of Britain, was united by its Christian religion, by its traditions, and by a form of speech which, despite wide regional varieties of dialect, was already distinct from the ‘Saxon’ of the continental Germans. From the thirteenth century onwards, however, Alfred’s ‘English’ gradually became incomprehensible to the vast majority of the English-speaking descendants of those same Anglo Saxons. Scholars and divines of the Renaissance period may have revived interest in the study of Old English texts in the hope of proving that England had traditions in Church and State which distinguished it from the rest of Europe.
Medieval Literature 1066—1510
Authors: Sanders Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Strictly speaking, the Bayeux Tapestry, which provides the most vivid pictorial record of the events leading up to the conquest of England by the Normans, is not a tapestry at all. The 70-metre long embroidery, known in the Norman cathedral city of Bayeux as ‘the tapestry of Queen Matilda’, is equally unlikely to be the painstaking work of the wife of William the Conqueror. Long before the Conquest, and long after it, England was famed for the intricacy and brilliance of its needlework. The great narrative hanging was probably the result of a celebratory, and possibly enforced, commission to English needle women to mark both the Norman victory of rn66 and the consecration of the cathedral at Bayeux in 1077 by its bishop, William’s half-brother Odo. After the conquest Odo had been rewarded by William with large estates in England and with the title Earl of Kent. He later acted, with some ruthlessness, as the King’s viceroy in the north of England. Odo’s periodic and prominent appearances on the tapestry as William’s counsellor, as the blesser of food at a banquet on English soil before the battle of Hastings, and as the armed wielder of a great wooden staff in the battle itself (clerics were forbidden to carry swords), suggest that he at least would not have found it inappropriate to decorate his new cathedral with an embroidered commemoration of his brother’s famous victory.
Modernism and its Alternatives: Literature 1920—1945
Authors: Sanders Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens visited the battlefields of north-eastern France in July 1917 in order to investigate the need for permanent memorials to the vast numbers of British and Empire war-dead, he described in a tone of horrified amazement the strange interaction of man and nature he had witnessed. ‘What humanity can endure and suffer is beyond belief’, he told his wife, ‘the battlefields-the obliteration of all human endeavor and achievement and the human achievement of destruction is bettered by the poppies and wild flowers that are as friendly to an unexploded shell as they are to the leg of a garden seat in Surrey.’ For the moment, the only monument he could envisage as appropriate was ‘a solid ball of bronze’. Lutyens’s ambiguity concerning what he had seen as a non-combatant on the Western Front proved typical of the future reactions of those remembering or contemplating the wasteful devastation of the war. The post-war period was haunted by long memories, some tender, some angry, most sickening. According to the critic and poet Herbert Read, writing in The Criterion in 1930, it had taken more than a decade for ex-combatants to come to terms with what the war had meant to them and with ‘the debris of its emotional conflicts’ before they could begin to transform their experience into literature. Nevertheless, it was the incongruity implicit in the idea of the ‘friendliness’ of the unfeeling wild flowers noted by Lutyens, as much as that of the equally indifferent poppies, cornflowers, skylarks and rats of the poetry that had emerged from the war, that effectively marked the end of an art which had once reached for comforting or sympathetic images from nature. Stark and solid balls of bronze seemed a more appropriate tribute to those sacrificed to the unfeeling might of the machines devised and exploited by human ingenuity.
Post—War and Post—Modern Literature
Authors: Sanders Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the Second World War ended in Europe in the summer of 1945, much of Britain was in ruins. Quite literally in ruins. Its devastated industrial cities were not exactly the heaps of rubble that appalled post-war visitors to Germany (Stephen Spender, for one, spoke of the ‘astonishing and total change, that incalculable shift from a soaring to a sinking motion which distinguishes a dead body’ that disturbed him when revisiting Hamburg), but British cities as diverse in character as Glasgow, Coventry, Canterbury, Bristol, Exeter, and Portsmouth had been torn apart by bombs. London, in particular, had been universally pitted and scarred and was now marked by absences where familiar landmarks had once stood. Whole districts were in ruins and most streets somehow bore the signs of blast, shrapnel, fire-bombs, or high explosives. Although its greater monuments, such as St Paul’s, had survived largely intact, the cathedral itself now rose hauntingly and, to some imaginative observers, resolutely above the shells of churches and blasted office buildings. This broken London of bricks, façades, and dangerously exposed basements can now be only recognized from paintings and photographs and from the cinematic exploitation of bomb-sites in films such as the two early comedies made at the famous Ealing Studios, Charles Crichton’s rowdy Hue and Cry (1947) and Harry Cornelius’s farce Passport to Pimlico (1949).
The Classical World
Authors: Arnaud P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The title ‘classical world’ usually indicates a situation that is limited in space and time and is characterized by the Greeks and by those who adopted their way of life after the fifth century BC. That is to say it applies in a strict sense to a very defined area, namely the shores of the Mediterranean. According to the terminology used by ancient writers, the classical world stood in contrast with ‘barbarian Europe’; however, contacts between these two expressions of Europe represented one of the dynamic features of the continent in antiquity.
Industrialization, 1740 to the Present
Authors: Pollard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Industrialization should be understood as a technical term, carrying a particular meaning; it should not be taken to imply that before its onset there was no industry in Europe. The preceding chapter will have shown how much industry in fact there was. By general consent, the term has come to be applied to particular changes in industrial structure and technology, together with changes in other aspects of social life associated with them.
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
Authors: Phillips Lois 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My heart is heavy, my peace is gone; never, never shall I find it again.
Where he is not with me, to me is a grave; the whole world seems bitter as gall.
My poor head is in a frenzy, my poor mind shattered.
I seek only him as I peer from my window; to seek only him do I leave the house.
His proud bearing, his noble figure, his smiling lips, and compelling eyes,
the magic of his speech, the touch of his hand, and ah, his kiss!
Family
Authors: Caplow Theodore , Del Campo Salustiano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three master trends—modernization, the gradual progress of equality, individuation—exerted a strong influence on both EU and US families between 1960 and 2000. The direct eﬀects of modernization include the steady decline of the infant mortality rate (deaths of infants in the first year of life), dramatic declines in fertility, corresponding decreases in average household size, and a vast improvement in the material equipment of family households. The gradual progress of equality greatly reduced the long-standing diﬀerences between men and women in sexual opportunity, access to the labor market, occupational careers, control of property, freedom to divorce, and relationships with children.
Curvature
Authors: Félix Yves , Oprea John , Tanré Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently algebraic models have found a place in differential geometry, especially in questions revolving around types of curvature restrictions. In particular, F. Fang and X. Rong [84] and B. Totaro [256] have approached certain questions of Karsten Grove in this spirit and the work of Belegradek and Kapovitch [23] on the existence of non-negative curvature metrics on vector bundles has also relied on models. Of course, when we speak of algebraic models here, we are speaking of models ranging from simple cohomology all the way to minimal models and relative models.
Gene H. Golub Biography
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gene Howard Golub was born on February 29th, 1932 to Bernice and Nathan Golub. His mother was from Latvia and his father from Ukraine. They both came to the United States independently of one another in 1923, and both settled in Chicago for family reasons: they each had an older sibling in the city.
Major Awards
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
March, 1958, National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship for study at Cambridge University, Cambridge, England. [A2] Fellow of AAAS, 1981. [A3] Award for Leadership in Numerical Analysis (Forsythe Lecturer), 1978. [A4] Honorary Fellow, St. Catherine’s College, Oxford, 1983. [A5] Alumni Honor Award for Distinguished Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1983.
An analysis of the total least squares problem (withC. Van Loan)
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is included in this volume and was a thrill of read back in 1973 when I had just completed graduate school. Privately, I have always called the paper ‘Look How Far You Can Run with QR, SVD, and Schur’, a title that reminds me of Gene’s uncanny ability to turn difficult problems into tractable ones with elegant solutions. Gene’s SIREV paper is filled with ideas that kept the whole field busy for years: generalized eigenproblems, inverse eigenproblems, rank-1 modified eigenproblems, and of course, total least squares (TLS). TLS is there as an example of an eigenproblem that is buried inside a least squares problem and the paper we wrote was one of several that we did during the production of the first edition of our book.
The Simplex Method Of Linear Programming Using Lu Decomposition (With R. H. Bartels)
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is a model for the way that Gene likes to work: find someone interesting in another field to talk with, find out what the problems, approaches, and computational practices are in that field, and then come up with some possible way in which good numerical linear algebra might help. Then tell someone else how a thing should really be done and get them to do the deed. The interesting person in question that led to this work was George Dantzig and the field was linear programming. My first contact with this interaction between Gene and George Dantzig must have been after Gene had the tableau method of the simplex method presented to him. I recall an incredulous statement from Gene roughly like, “It’s crazy; they use Gauss–Jordan elimination without pivot selection!” Gene proposed that some method of updating the LU decomposition of the basis matrix be found rather than the Gauss–Jordan update of the basis matrix inverse, as was used in the tableau. I needed a PhD thesis topic, so I became the “someone else” who was to do the deed. The updating process was Gene’s, and I was asked to see what I could say about its numerical stability using Wilkinson round-off analysis.
Methods For Modifying Matrix Factorizations (With P. E. Gill, W. Murray And M. A. Saunders)
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper describes methods for updating the Cholesky factorization of a symmetric positive-definite matrix, and the complete orthogonal factorization of a rectangular matrix. These methods were proposed as an alternative to updating the inverse and pseudo-inverse. The bulk of the paper was written at Stanford over the spring and summer of 1972. The joint paper was proposed by Gene during a visit (with Michael Saunders) to the National Physical Laboratory the previous year. My visit to Stanford was funded by Gene, and I will always be grateful for his support and encouragement during that summer. This was my first visit to the United States and it opened up many opportunities, including the chance to work with my subsequent colleagues Michael Saunders and Margaret Wright.
Commentary, By Walter Gautschi
Authors: Chan Raymond H , Greif Chen , O’Leary Dianne P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This group of five papers, especially the first and third, has a distinctly “interdisciplinary” character in the sense that classical analysis problems are recast in terms of, and successfully solved by, techniques of linear algebra and, vice versa, problems that have a linear algebra flavor are approached and solved using tools of classical analysis. A similar intriguing mix of analysis and algebra permeates the remaining three papers.