bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of glutamate receptor antagonists on place aversion induced by naloxone in single‐dose morphine‐treated rats
Authors: Kawasaki Yoichi , Jin Chunyu , Suemaru Katsuya , Kawasaki Hiromu , Shibata Kazuhiko , Choshi Tominari , Hibino Satoshi , Gomita Yutaka , Araki Hiroaki 
Published: May 2005

The neurobiological mechanism underlying the negative motivational component of withdrawal from acute opiate dependence is far from understood.
Our objectives were to determine whether the glutamatergic system is involved in the motivational component of morphine withdrawal in acutely dependent rats and such an involvement is associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission.
We examined the effects of various kinds of glutamate receptor antagonists on conditioned place aversion (CPA) induced by naloxone‐precipitated withdrawal from a single morphine exposure 24 h before. Furthermore, the influence of pretreatment with the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol on those effects of glutamate receptor antagonists was also investigated.
CPA was attenuated in a dose‐dependent manner by all glutamate receptor antagonists examined including the NMDA receptor antagonists (+)‐5‐methyl‐10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclo‐hepten‐5,10‐imine maleate (MK‐801) and phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP), AMPA receptor antagonist 1‐(4‐aminophenyl)4‐methyl‐7,8‐methylenedioxy‐5H‐2,3‐benzodiazepine hydrochloride (GYKI 52466), and metabotropic receptor antagonists (±)‐2‐amino‐3‐phosphonopropionic acid (AP‐3) and (±)‐α‐methyl‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG). The effects of MK‐801, GYKI 52466 and MCPG were blocked by haloperidol.
These results suggest that the glutamatergic system involving multiple classes of receptors plays a role in the motivational component of withdrawal from acute morphine dependence, and the function of the glutamatergic system would be closely associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 751–757. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706228
Effect of serum withdrawal on the contribution of L‐type calcium channels (CaV1.2) to intracellular Ca2+ responses and chemotaxis in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Patel Mahendra K , Clunn Gerard F , Lymn Joanne S , Austin Oneka , Hughes Alun D 
Published: May 2005

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) chemotaxis is fundamental to atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ [Ca2+]i is an important signal in chemotaxis, but the role of L‐type calcium channels (CaV1.2) in this response in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC) has not been examined.
hVSMC were grown from explant cultures of saphenous vein. Confluent hVSMC at passage 3 were studied after culture in medium containing 15% foetal calf serum (FCS) (randomly cycling) or following serum deprivation for up to 7 days. Smooth muscle α‐actin was measured by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. [Ca2+]i was measured using fura 2 fluorimetry. Chemotaxis was measured using a modified Boyden chamber technique and cell attachment to gelatin‐coated plates was also quantified. The number and affinity of dihydropyridine‐binding sites was assessed using [5‐methyl‐3H]PN 200‐110 binding.
In randomly cycling cells, the calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644a and 100 mM KCl did not affect [Ca2+]i. In addition, the rise in [Ca2+]i induced by platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF) was unaffected by the CaV1.2 antagonists, amlodipine and verapamil. In randomly cycling cells amlodipine did not affect PDGF‐induced migration.
In serum‐deprived cells, smooth muscle α‐actin was increased and Bay K 8644a and 100 mM KCl increased [Ca2+]i. PDGF‐induced rises in [Ca2+]i were also inhibited by amlodipine and verapamil. The ability of Bay K 8644a to increase [Ca2+]i and verapamil to inhibit PDGF‐induced rises in [Ca2+]i was evident within 3 days after serum withdrawal. In serum‐deprived hVSMC Bay K 8644a induced chemotaxis and amlodipine inhibited PDGF‐induced migration. Cell attachment in the presence of PDGF was unaffected by amlodipine in either randomly cycling or serum‐deprived hVSMC.
Serum withdrawal was associated with a decrease in the maximum number of dihydropyridine‐binding sites (Bmax) and a decrease in affinity (KD).
Serum deprivation of hVSMC results in increased expression of smooth muscle α‐actin, a marker of more differentiated status, and increased [Ca2+]i responses and chemotaxis mediated by CaV1.2. These observations may have important implications for understanding the therapeutic benefits of calcium channel antagonists in cardiovascular disease.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 811–817. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706237
Pomegranate flower improves cardiac lipid metabolism in a diabetic rat model: role of lowering circulating lipids
Authors: Huang Tom Hsun‐Wei , Peng Gang , Kota Bhavani Prasad , Li George Qian , Yamahara Johji , Roufogalis Basil D , Li Yuhao 
Published: May 2005

Excess triglyceride (TG) accumulation and increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the diabetic heart contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Punica granatum flower (PGF) is a traditional antidiabetic medicine. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of PGF extract on abnormal cardiac lipid metabolism both in vivo and in vitro.
Long‐term oral administration of PGF extract (500 mg kg−1) reduced cardiac TG content, accompanied by a decrease in plasma levels of TG and total cholesterol in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, indicating improvement by PGF extract of abnormal cardiac TG accumulation and hyperlipidemia in this diabetic model.
Treatment of ZDF rats with PGF extract lowered plasma FA levels. Furthermore, the treatment suppressed cardiac overexpression of mRNAs encoding for FA transport protein, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1, acyl‐CoA oxidase and 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase α2, and restored downregulated cardiac acetyl‐CoA carboxylase mRNA expression in ZDF rats, whereas it showed little effect in Zucker lean rats. The results suggest that PGF extract inhibits increased cardiac FA uptake and oxidation in the diabetic condition.
PGF extract and its component oleanolic acid enhanced PPAR‐α luciferase reporter gene activity in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, and this effect was completely suppressed by a selective PPAR‐α antagonist MK‐886, consistent with the presence of PPAR‐α activator activity in the extract and this component.
Our findings suggest that PGF extract improves abnormal cardiac lipid metabolism in ZDF rats by activating PPAR‐α and thereby lowering circulating lipid and inhibiting its cardiac uptake.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 767–774. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706245
Organ-Specific Expression of Arabidopsis Genome during Development
Authors: Ma Ligeng , Sun Ning , Liu Xigang , Jiao Yuling , Zhao Hongyu , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe development of complex eukaryotic organisms can be viewed as the selective expression of distinct fractions of the genome in different organs or tissue types in response to developmental and environmental cues. Here, we generated a genome expression atlas of 18 organ or tissue types representing the life cycle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We showed that each organ or tissue type had a defining genome expression pattern and that the degree to which organs share expression profiles is highly correlated with the biological relationship of organ types. Further, distinct fractions of the genome exhibited expression changes in response to environmental light among the three seedling organs, despite the fact that they share the same photoperception and transduction systems. A significant fraction of the genes in the Arabidopsis genome is organized into chromatin domains exhibiting coregulated expression patterns in response to developmental or environmental signals. The knowledge of organ-specific expression patterns and their response to the changing environment provides a foundation for dissecting the molecular processes underlying development.
Plant Protein Annotation in the UniProt Knowledgebase
Authors: Schneider Michel , Bairoch Amos , Wu Cathy H. , Apweiler Rolf 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, Protein Information Resource (PIR), and DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) protein database activities have united to form the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) Consortium. UniProt presents three database layers: the UniProt Archive, the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB), and the UniProt Reference Clusters. The UniProtKB consists of two sections: UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (fully manually curated entries) and UniProtKB/TrEMBL (automated annotation, classification and extensive cross-references). New releases are published fortnightly. A specific Plant Proteome Annotation Program (http://www.expasy.org/sprot/ppap/) was initiated to cope with the increasing amount of data produced by the complete sequencing of plant genomes. Through UniProt, our aim is to provide the scientific community with a single, centralized, authoritative resource for protein sequences and functional information that will allow the plant community to fully explore and utilize the wealth of information available for both plant and nonplant model organisms.
Growing leaders
Authors: Hurt Andrew Christopher , Homan Scott Robert 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo show the focus of leadership development training practices in recent times.Design/methodology/approachA range of published (1992‐2004) works, which aim to provide a practical look rather than theoretical advice on leadership development training practices, is reviewed. Sources are used to provide real‐life examples of how leadership development training is currently being conducted.FindingsThe article identifies from the literature six primary areas key to leadership development. For each section, a review of the current literature and justification of why organizations need to start training based on these new methods are presented. Additionally, real‐world examples are provided which show the “how to” or applied benefit of the new training method. The six primary areas are: connecting leadership to business goals, providing realistic training, gaining top management support, making trainees accountable for their training, training based on specific organizational goals, and leaders developing other leaders.Originality/valueThis article fulfils the need of many training practitioners who seek to identify new ways of conducting leadership development training by offering practical advice and real‐world examples of successful techniques.
How chief executives learn and what behaviour factors distinguish them from other people
Authors: Beamish Gerry 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo research how chief executives learn and what behavioural characteristics distinguish them from other managers.Design/methodology/approachThe research used a personality profile (DISC) and structured interviews to compare the behaviours of a sample of chief executives from the public service with a sample from the private sectors in Northern Ireland.FindingsThe research found three distinguishing characteristics of chief executives and challenged stereotypes of differences between the public and private sector and between male and female chief executives.Research limitations/implicationsThere were no historic data to compare findings to indicate whether the behaviours highlighted were intrinsic or learned. Neither were the data differentiated by age nor was there any indication of how successful chief executives were. Future research might also look at differences between successful and less successful chief executives or look at other categories of leaders. An extremely interesting field might be to look at political leaders and compare their profiles with the chief executives.Practical implicationsThe research challenges some of the basis for core competency approaches to development and reinforces the argument for action‐based approaches.Originality/valueProvides data for the debate on how one can best design and plan the selection and development of senior executives.
Developing effective behaviour
Authors: Kearsley Michael A. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo provide a summary of self‐help texts and ideas drawn from a range of self‐help and “how to” books.Design/methodology/approachMaterial subdivided into the ten most common (agreed) ideas for self‐improvement.FindingsThe advice is sound (common sense?) but applying it is not easy.Research limitations/implicationsThe material used is often subjective and anecdotal.Practical implicationsIf readers apply the principles they will experience direct benefits.Originality/valueThat there is a consistency of advice from all sorts of sources as to how to be more effective, whatever the task that confronts one.
What's a manager to do?
Authors: Trinka James A. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThis article seeks to examine numerous surveys on employee performance and leadership effectiveness and to reveal common themes and implications for managers interested in dramatically improved employee productivity and retention. All of these surveys are to study successful leaders and home in on the characteristics that differentiate them from the rest. Focusing on success creates positive energy by recognizing and appreciating what is working, which seems to produce greater engagement and momentum for change.Design/methodology/approachA wide range of possible managerial activities was evaluated and those that add little value were eliminated. Revealed were a few recommendations for time‐oppressed managers and organizations to undertake that have the greatest impact on improving both leadership effectiveness and employee productivity.FindingsSpecifically, the evidence supports the establishment of a performance‐management‐based organizational culture, although not from a command and control perspective, but from one that involves a coaching environment and conscious attempts at continuous dialogue within work teams to achieve a balance between driving for results and interpersonal skills.Originality/valueThe article identified that managers who undertake activities related to this approach have a much better chance of achieving “breakthrough” employee performance improvements, leading to “breakthrough” results for the organization.
Journal interaction
Authors: Faber Frandsen Tove 
Published: May 2005

PurposeCitation analysis is widely used as an evaluation method within sciences. The purpose of this paper is to use citation analyses to add insight into the interaction between economics journals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a method of citation analysis using multiple linear regressions on both cited and citing economics journals. The proposed method controls for the different characteristics of the journals as well as for their degree of interaction.FindingsThe paper shows some of the hidden structures within the science of economics that are determinants for the results from citation analysis. The analysis indicates several underlying factors within citation patterns in economics that should be accounted for when doing citation analysis for evaluation purposes. A journal is to a large extent self‐supplying with citations but, when this is extracted from the data, journals are dependent on similar journals – with respect to sub‐discipline, geography and JIF – to supply citations.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis in this paper includes only a sub‐set of the journals of the science of economics and other sciences may exhibit other patterns and thus other underlying factors.Practical implicationsIn an evaluation that takes place across a wide board of sciences an analysis of both cited and citing journals may help to determine which factors should be taken into account in the evaluation.Originality/valueThis type of analysis enables one to analyse some of the characteristics that separate the sciences.
Electronic thesis development at Cranfield University
Authors: Bevan Simon J. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo describe the issues involved in the introduction of mandatory submission of electronic theses at Cranfield University.Design/methodology/approachBackground information on how the availability of e‐theses has developed at Cranfield University is provided along with discussions and advice on issues such as the choice of software, thesis submission workflow and timeframes, particularly in relation to the publication of thesis‐related articles. It also looks at metadata issues as well as both retrieval and usage of electronic theses. Finally it describes how the service has expanded from e‐theses to other types of material and to the development and expansion of an institutional repository for Cranfield.FindingsIt is shown that there are a number of issues that will need to be addressed from the points of view of librarians, academic staff and registry staff and that one effective method of managing the process is to set up a working group with all stakeholders in the process. There is a clear need for administrative procedures to be discussed in detail and a recognition that the time involved in changing regulations may be significant.Practical implicationsIt is clear that most of the issues that have arisen at Cranfield as outlined in the paper will be mirrored at other institutions that are considering the same changes, and so those institutions looking at the area of e‐thesis submission may gain some useful insights.Originality/valueThis paper provides useful advice on the issues that will arise as institutions go through the process of introducing the mandatory submission of electronic theses.
Environmental protection and quick assembly feature at autumn shows
Authors: Bloss Richard 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThis paper highlights new automated assembly system components introduced in late 2004. Products meet new levels of environmental protection and offer features for quicker assembly system design and commissioning.Design/methodology/approachAttended various trade shows and contacted key vendors for information on product introductions.FindingsVendors are addressing more and more application needs with features like more compact components, more features, innovative materials and new answers to system design and application problems.Research limitations/implicationsNot all the new products which may have been introduced have been covered.Practical implicationsUsers and systems integrators can find new component answers to previously troubling requirements of automated assembly system design and commissioning.Originality/valueHighlights new assembly system component offerings that may be real problem solutions for system designs and integrators who previously considered products to not fully address their requirements.
Exploring the perceptions of knowledge management systems
Authors: Xu Jun , Quaddus Mohammed 
Published: May 2005

PurposeDiffusion (spread in usage) of knowledge management systems (KMSs) depends on a number of factors. Among them perceptions of KMS, including perceived usefulness/benefits, perceived user‐friendliness, perceived voluntary use and subject norms are significant factors. This paper aims to investigate the factors impacting the diffusion (spread and sustained use) of KMSs.Design/methodology/approachThis paper first presents an integrated model of the diffusion of KMSs arising from a comprehensive literature review and qualitative field study. An empirical pilot study was then undertaken to test the model through a questionnaire‐based survey.FindingsThe pilot study had some interesting findings – results similar to those found in the literature – which are presented in detail.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the information on KMS by providing results from an empirical pilot study and suggesting future research directions.
A six‐stage model for the effective diffusion of knowledge management systems
Authors: Xu Jun , Quaddus Mohammed 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on the diffusion process of Knowledge management systems (KMSs). Specifically, to identify the sequence of stages of the process.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a six‐stage model of the KMS diffusion process. It then provides an empirical test of the sequence of steps in the KMS diffusion process in Australia. Structural equation modelling using LISREL is used as the analytical tool for the empirical test.FindingsThe results show that all the hypotheses related to the sequence of the KMS diffusion process are significant. This is an important and significant finding. It clearly demonstrates how KMS adoption and diffusion should be planned in Australian organizations.Originality/valueThe research identifies six stages of KMS diffusion based on the results from selected Australian companies: initiation, adoption, pilot implementation, organic growth, organizational implementation, and sustained use/diffusion of KMS.
A reality‐based guide to KMS diffusion
Authors: Xu Jun , Quaddus Mohammed 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo summarise the findings from research in adopting and diffusing knowledge management systems.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is a summary of the study findings and a discussion of these.FindingsThe findings explain the adoption and diffusion of a KMS in an organization. These include: perceived usefulness has a positive relationship with an organization embarking on a KMS; people's decision to accept and use a KMS is directly determined by perceived user‐friendliness and perceived voluntariness; and the KMS diffusion process takes place in six stages.Research limitations/implicationsThis study tested the entire research model. In the future, parts of the model could be extracted and investigated in detail.Practical implicationsThe results have significant implications for managerial practices, including the need for a KMS; the cost of a KMS; significant factors of KMS adoption and diffusion; end‐user focus and involving people in the KMS; and organizational adjustment to embrace the KMS.Originality/valueThe study develops and tests a comprehensive model of KMS adoption and diffusion.
Statistical thinking and its role for industrial engineers and managers in the 21st century
Authors: Makrymichalos Miltiadis , Antony Jiju , Antony Frenie , Kumar Maneesh 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the vital linkage between six sigma and statistical thinking. The paper also explains the key characteristics required for statistical thinking and some of the common barriers in the implementation of the key principles of statistical thinking.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives of the paper have been achieved in several ways. The paper provides the key principles of statistical thinking and then discusses the possible reasons for lack of statistical thinking in modern organizations. The paper then illustrates the linkage between the statistical principles and six sigma. The tools and techniques of six sigma used within statistical thinking are also highlighted in the paper.FindingsThe key findings of this work include the relationship between the two key powerful methodologies: six sigma and statistical thinking, reasons for lack of applications of statistical thinking in organizations, the future role of managers and engineers in companies with regard to statistical thinking era and the commonalities in the application of tools and techniques between these two methodologies.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper needs more justification through surveys and case examples and this will be the future step of this study. In fact, one of the co‐authors is currently conducting a survey in the UK organizations to investigate the relationship between statistical thinking and six sigma.Practical implicationsThe paper is very practical in nature and it does yield a great value to those people who are currently embarking on six sigma program, especially at senior manager and executive levels.Originality/valueVery little is published in the field of statistical thinking in the UK academic world. In fact, there is a cognitive gap in this field and this paper certainly forms a good platform for further research that will enable to bridge the gap.