bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two human milk–like synthetic bacterial communities displayed contrasted impacts on barrier and immune responses in an intestinal quadricellular model
Authors: Le Bras Charles , Rault Lucie , Jacquet Nolwenn , Daniel Nathalie , Chuat Victoria , Valence Florence , Bellanger Amandine , Bousarghin Latifa , Blat Sophie , Le Loir Yves , Le Huërou-Luron Isabelle , Even Sergine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The human milk (HM) microbiota, a highly diverse microbial ecosystem, is thought to contribute to the health benefits associated with breast-feeding, notably through its impact on infant gut microbiota. Our objective was to further explore the role of HM bacteria on gut homeostasis through a “disassembly/reassembly” strategy. HM strains covering the diversity of HM cultivable microbiota were first characterized individually and then assembled in synthetic bacterial communities (SynComs) using two human cellular models, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a quadricellular model mimicking intestinal epithelium. Selected HM bacteria displayed a large range of immunomodulatory properties and had variable effects on epithelial barrier, allowing their classification in functional groups. This multispecies characterization of HM bacteria showed no clear association between taxonomy and HM bacteria impacts on epithelial immune and barrier functions, revealing the entirety and complexity of HM bacteria potential. More importantly, the assembly of HM strains into two SynComs of similar taxonomic composition but with strains exhibiting distinct individual properties, resulted in contrasting impacts on the epithelium. These impacts of SynComs partially diverged from the predicted ones based on individual bacteria. Overall, our results indicate that the functional properties of the HM bacterial community rather than the taxonomic composition itself could play a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis of infants.
New light on the HLA-DR immunopeptidomic landscape
Authors: Egholm Bruun Jensen Emilie , Reynisson Birkir , Barra Carolina , Nielsen Morten 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The set of peptides processed and presented by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules defines the immunopeptidome, and its characterization holds keys to understanding essential properties of the immune system. High-throughput mass spectrometry (MS) techniques enable interrogation of the diversity and complexity of the immunopeptidome at an unprecedented scale. Here, we analyzed a large set of MS immunopeptidomics data from 40 donors, 221 samples, covering 30 unique HLA-DR molecules. We identified likely co-immunoprecipitated HLA-DR irrelevant contaminants using state-of-the-art prediction methods and unveiled novel light on the properties of HLA antigen processing and presentation. The ligandome (HLA binders) was enriched in 15-mer peptides, and the contaminome (nonbinders) in longer peptides. Classification of singletons and nested sets showed that the first were enriched in contaminants. Investigating the source protein location of ligands revealed that only contaminants shared a positional bias. Regarding subcellular localization, nested peptides were found to be predominantly of endolysosomal origin, whereas singletons shared an equal distribution between the cytosolic and endolysosomal origin. According to antigen-processing signatures, no significant differences were observed between the cytosolic and endolysosomal ligands. Further, the sensitivity of MS immunopeptidomics was investigated by analyzing overlap and saturation between biological MS replicas, concluding that at least 5 replicas are needed to identify 80% of the immunopeptidome. Moreover, the overlap in immunopeptidome between donors was found to be very low both in terms of peptides and source proteins, the latter indicating a critical HLA bias in the antigen sampling in the HLA antigen presentation. Finally, the complementarity between MS and in silico approaches for comprehensively sampling the immunopeptidome was demonstrated.
Determining cosmological-model-independent H0 and post-Newtonian parameter with time-delay lenses and supernovae
Authors: Liu Tonghua , Liao Kai 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Strong gravitational lensing provides a natural opportunity to test general relativity (GR). We propose a model-independent method for simultaneous constraining on Hubble constant (H0) and post-Newtonian parameter (γPPN) using strong lensing systems and observational Type Ia supernovae. The time-delay measurements from strong lensing can directly determine the Hubble constant, and the lens distance inferred from the spectroscopic measurement of the stellar kinematics of the deflector galaxy can help us to constrain the post-Newtonian parameter. We seek the Pantheon data set and reconstruct unanchored distances using Gaussian process regression to achieve the cosmological-model-independent GR testing instead of assuming a specific model, which can reduce possible bias on GR testing and measurement of Hubble constant. Combining the reconstructed unanchored distances and the four H0LiCOW lens data sets, our results are $H_0=72.9^{+2.0}_{-2.3} \, \mathrm{km \, s^{-1} \, Mpc^{-1}}$ and $\gamma _{\rm {PPN}}=0.89^{+0.17}_{-0.15}$. All the lenses show that there is no obvious evidence to support GR deviation within observational uncertainties. In the subsequent analysis, we consider a ratio of distance ${D_{\Delta t}}/{D^{^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{ d}}}$ method to further avoid the influence of H0 on GR testing. The results show that, except J1206 within the ∼1.2σ observational uncertainty, the remaining three lenses support that GR holds within the 1σ observational uncertainties.
Universal insertion of molecules in ionic compounds under pressure
Authors: Peng Feng , Ma Yanming , Pickard Chris J , Liu Hanyu , Miao Maosheng 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Using first-principles calculations and crystal structure search methods, we found that many covalently bonded molecules such as H2, N2, CO2, NH3, H2O and CH4 may react with NaCl, a prototype ionic solid, and form stable compounds under pressure while retaining their molecular structure. These molecules, despite whether they are homonuclear or heteronuclear, polar or non-polar, small or large, do not show strong chemical interactions with surrounding Na and Cl ions. In contrast, the most stable molecule among all examples, N2, is found to transform into cyclo-N5− anions while reacting with NaCl under high pressures. It provides a new route to synthesize pentazolates, which are promising green energy materials with high energy density. Our work demonstrates a unique and universal hybridization propensity of covalently bonded molecules and solid compounds under pressure. This surprising miscibility suggests possible mixing regions between the molecular and rock layers in the interiors of large planets.
Anthropometric and cardiometabolic effects of polyphenols in people with overweight and obesity: an umbrella review
Authors: Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Soong Rou Yi , Teo Yu Qing Jolene , Flølo Tone Nygaard , Chong Bryan , Yong Cai Ling , Ang Shi Han , Ho Yishen , Chew Nicholas W S , So Jimmy Bok Yan , Shabbir Asim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Polyphenols are plant-based compounds with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-obesogenic properties. However, their effects on health outcomes remain unclear.

Objective
To evaluate the effects of polyphenols on anthropometric and cardiometabolic markers.

Data Sources
Six electronic databases—namely, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library (reviews only), and Web of Science—were searched for relevant systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMAs).

Data Extraction
Three reviewers performed the data extraction via a data-extraction Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

Data Analysis
An umbrella review and meta-analysis of existing SRMAs was conducted. Eighteen SRMAs published from 2015 to 2023, representing 445 primary studies and 838 unique effect sizes, were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models with general inverse variance. Polyphenol-containing foods were found to significantly improve weight (-0.36 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.62, 0.77 kg; P &lt; 0.01, I2 = 64.9%), body mass index (−0.25 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.34, −0.17 kg/m2; P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 82.4%), waist circumference (−0.74 cm; 95% CI: −1.34, −0.15 cm; P &lt; 0.01, I2 = 99.3%), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (−1.75 mg/dL; 95% CI: −2.56, −0.94; P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 98.6%), total cholesterol (−1.23 mg/dL; 95% CI: −2.00, −0.46; P = 0.002, I2 = 94.6%), systolic blood pressure (−1.77 mmHg; 95% CI: −1.77, −0.93 mmHg; P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 72.4%), diastolic blood pressure (−1.45 mmHg; 95% CI: −2.09, −0.80 mmHg; P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 61.0%), fat percentage (−0.70%; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.36%; P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 52.6%), fasting blood glucose (−0.18 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.35, −0.01 mg/dL; P = 0.04, I2 = 62.0%), and C-reactive protein (CRP; including high-sensitivity-CRP [hs-CRP]) (−0.2972 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.52, −0.08 mg/dL; P = 0.01, I2 = 87.9%). No significant changes were found for high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.12 mg/dL; 95% CI: −1.44, 0.69; P = 0.67, I2 = 89.4%) and triglycerides (−1.29 mg/dL; 95% CI: −2.74, 0.16; P = 0.08, I2 = 85.4%). Between-study heterogeneity could be explained by polyphenol subclass differences.

Conclusion
The findings of this umbrella review support the beneficial effects of polyphenols on anthropometric and metabolic markers, but discretion is warranted to determine the clinical significance of the magnitude of the biomarker improvements.

Systematic Review Registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews no. CRD42023420206.
The history of the Milky Way: The evolution of star formation, cosmic rays, metallicity, and stellar dynamics over cosmic time
Authors: Shimoda Jiro , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Nagashima Masahiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the long-term evolution of the Milky Way (MW) over cosmic time by modeling the star formation, cosmic rays, metallicity, stellar dynamics, outflows, and inflows of the galactic system to obtain various insights into the galactic evolution. The mass accretion is modeled by the results of cosmological N-body simulations for the cold dark matter. We find that the star formation rate is about half the mass accretion rate of the disk, given the consistency between observed Galactic diffuse X-ray emissions (GDXEs) and possible conditions driving the Galactic wind.Our model simultaneously reproduces the quantities of star formation rate, cosmic rays, metals, and the rotation curve of the current MW. The most important predictions of the model are that there is an unidentified accretion flow with a possible number density of ∼10−2 cm−3 and that part of the GDXEs originates from a hot, diffuse plasma which is formed by consuming about $10\%$ of supernova explosion energy. The latter is the science case for future X-ray missions: XRISM, Athena, and so on. We also discuss further implications of our results for the planet formation and observations of external galaxies in terms of multi-messenger astronomy.
The variability of the broad line profiles of SDSS J1430+2303
Authors: Hoshi Atsushi , Yamada Toru , Ohta Kouji 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It has been argued that SDSS J1430+2303 possesses a supermassive black hole binary that has been predicted to merge within a few months or three years from 2022 January. We have conducted follow-up optical spectroscopic observations of SDSS J1430+2303 with the KOOLS-IFU on the Seimei Telescope in 2022 May, June, and July, and 2023 April. The observed spectrum around Hα shows a central broad component ∼103 km s−1 blueshifted from the narrow Hα line, as well as a broader double-peaked component with a separation of ∼± 5 × 103 km s−1, similar to the spectrum reported in 2022 January. We investigate the variability of the complex broad Hα emission line relative to the continuum over the observation period. The continuum-normalized relative flux of the central broad component shows an increasing trend from 2022 May to July, which is interpreted to be caused by the decrease of the continuum; this is also supported by damping of the X-ray, UV, and optical light curves observed for the same period. From 2022 July to 2023 April, however, the central broad component decreased significantly. For the relative flux of the broader double-peaked component, no significant change appears at any epoch. These results suggest that the complicated broad line profile of SDSS J1430+2303 is generated from at least two distinct regions. While the central broad component originates from a broad-line region, the broader double-peaked component arises in the vicinity of the continuum source.
Mycetoma in Ecuador
Authors: Chandler David J , Escalante Luis , Maldonado Astrid , Tello Sonia , Orellana Shirley , Escalante Edgar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous studies on the distribution of mycetoma globally have failed to identify Ecuador as an endemic country.

Methods
We present data on 35 cases of mycetoma in Ecuador between 1955 and 2021: 5 cases from our experience and 30 cases from the literature.

Results
Eight cases of eumycetoma (23%) and 27 cases of actinomycetoma (77%) were diagnosed. Most cases originated from the coastal region of Ecuador.

Conclusions
For the first time in an English-language publication, this communication confirms the presence of mycetoma in Ecuador, securing Ecuador's position on the global mycetoma map.
Oral as compared to intravenous tranexamic acid to limit peri-operative blood loss associated with primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Piette Nicolas , Beck Florian , Carella Michele , Hans Gregory , Maesen Didier , Kurth William , Lecoq Jean-Pierre , Bonhomme Vincent L. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Oral as compared to intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) is an attractive option, in terms of cost and safety, to reduce blood loss and transfusion in total hip arthroplasty. Exclusion criteria applied in the most recent randomised trials may have limited the generalisability of oral tranexamic acid in this indication. Larger and more inclusive studies are needed to definitively establish oral administration as a credible alternative to intravenous administration.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the noninferiority of oral to intravenous TXA at reducing intra-operative and postoperative total blood loss (TBL) in primary posterolateral approached total hip arthroplasty (PLTHA).

DESIGN
Noninferiority, single centre, randomised, double-blind controlled study.

SETTING
Patients scheduled for primary PLTHA. Data acquisition occurred between May 2021 and November 2022 at the University Hospital of Liège, Belgium.

PATIENTS
Two hundred and twenty-eight patients, randomised in a 1 : 1 ratio from a computer-generated list, completed the trial.

INTERVENTIONS
Administration of 2 g of oral TXA 2 h before total hip arthroplasty and 4 h after incision (Group oral) was compared to the intravenous administration of 1 g of TXA 30 min before surgery and 4 h after incision (Group i.v.).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
TBL (measured intra-operative and drainage blood loss up to 48 h after surgery, primary outcome), decrease in haemoglobin concentration, D-Dimer at day 1 and day 3, transfusion rate (secondary outcomes).

RESULTS
Analyses were performed on 108 out of 114 participants (Group i.v.) and 104 out of 114 participants (Group oral). Group oral was noninferior to Group i.v. with regard to TBL, with a difference between medians (95% CI) of 35 ml (-103.77 to 33.77) within the noninferiority margins. Median [IQR] of estimated TBL was 480 ml [350 to 565] and 445 ml [323 to 558], respectively. No significant interaction between group and time was observed regarding the evolution of TBL and haemoglobin over time.

CONCLUSIONS
TXA as an oral premedication before PLTHA is noninferior to its intravenous administration regarding peri-operative TBL.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
European Clinical Trial Register under EudraCT-number 2020-004167-29 (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004167-29/BE).
Menstrual Irregularities and Amenorrhea in Thyroid Eye Disease Patients Treated With Teprotumumab
Authors: Terrarosa Anna K. , DeMaria Lauren N. , North Victoria S. , Garcia Maria D. , Kim Eleanore T. , Belinsky Irina 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the rates of amenorrhea and menstrual irregularities in patients with active thyroid eye disease treated with teprotumumab.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of patients with active thyroid eye disease treated between 2020 and 2022 at a single institution. Female thyroid eye disease patients with regular menstruation at baseline who completed 8 infusions of teprotumumab were assessed. Patient-reported irregularities in menstruation or amenorrhea were recorded during routine clinic visits. Two sample t tests were used to assess differences between patients endorsing and denying menstrual irregularities.

Results:
Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 38.33 ± 9.6 years (range 25–53 years). The average follow-up after treatment completion was 11.43 months. Nine patients (75%) reported changes from their baseline menstruation. Four patients (33.3%) reported irregularities during treatment only. Three patients (25%) had persistence of irregularities after treatment; these patients regained normal cycles at an average of 3 months following teprotumumab completion. Two patients (16.7%) did not regain their normal cycles at the time of their last follow-up. One 53-year-old patient-reported persistent amenorrhea after treatment completion. One patient-reported menorrhagia at a 4-month follow-up. No significant age difference was found between patients with or without reported menstrual changes (p = 0.43).

Conclusion:
Abnormalities of menstruation, including amenorrhea, were reported by 75% of patients treated with teprotumumab. These changes reverted to baseline after treatment in most affected patients.
Radiologic Features of Well-circumscribed Orbital Tumors With Histopathologic Correlation: A Multi-center Study
Authors: Roelofs Kelsey A. , Juniat Valerie , O’Rouke Michael , Ledbetter Luke , Hubschman Sasha , Hardy Thomas , Lee Jean , Baugh Samuel , Pullarkat Sheeja T. , Selva Dinesh , Goldberg Robert A. , Rootman Daniel B. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To delineate specific imaging characteristics of solitary fibrous tumors, schwannomas, cavernous venous malformations, and well-circumscribed orbital lymphoma.

Methods:
Patients undergoing excisional biopsy of solitary fibrous tumor, schwannomas, cavernous venous malformations, or well-circumscribed orbital lymphoma with preoperative MRIs available for review were identified at 3 academic centers in the United States and Australia. An exploratory statistical analysis was performed to identify important radiologic features, which were subsequently included in a random forest model. Histopathologic correlates were evaluated in representative cases.

Results:
A total of 91 cases were included with a mean age of 52.9 ± 17.2 years. Nearly all solitary fibrous tumors were located in the anterior or mid orbit (87.5%) and they more commonly demonstrated intralesional heterogeneity on T2-weighted imaging (45.5%) (p < 0.01). Compared with the other tumors, schwannomas tended to be intraconal (66.7%) and were often in the mid or posterior orbit (83.4%) (p < 0.01). Cavernous venous malformations characteristically demonstrated progressive contrast enhancement (93.9%; p < 0.01). Most lesions in all 4 groups were hypointense on T1-weighted imaging (80%–100%; p = 0.14) and only well-circumscribed orbital lymphoma tended to also be hypointense on T2 (81.8%) (p < 0.01). Finally, cases of lymphoma had significantly lower apparent diffusion coefficient ratios (0.9 ± 0.2) (p < 0.001), while the other 3 groups were not significantly different from one another (cavernous venous malformations: 1.8 ± 0.4; schwannomas: 1.8 ± 0.5; and solitary fibrous tumor: 1.6 ± 0.6) (p = 0.739).

Conclusions:
Key features that aid in the differentiation of these 4 tumors from one another include T2 intensity and homogeneity, early contrast-enhancement pattern, and ADC ratio.
Global, regional, and national burdens of early onset pancreatic cancer in adolescents and adults aged 15–49 years from 1990 to 2019 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Xiaojie , Sun Chongyuan , Li Zefeng , Fei He , Zhao Dongbing 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) in younger populations (age ≤50 years) is likely to be a more aggressive phenotype characterized by poor differentiation. The emerging analysis of the global burden of EOPC is limited and outdated.

Aim:
To systematically investigate the burden and trend of EOPC based on global populations.

Methods:
In this systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, the authors present the number of cases, age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100 000 population, and risk factors for 204 countries and territories. The average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of EOPC were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis.

Results:
According to the GBD 2019 estimates, there were 36 852 new cases of EOPC and 32 004 related deaths. East Asia had the highest number of cases, with 11 401 incidences and 10 149 deaths. The ASRs were 0.94 per 100 000 individuals for incidence and 0.81 per 100 000 for mortality. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence increased by 46.9%, mortality increased by 44.6%, and DALYs increased by 41.9% globally. In trend analysis, the global incidence (AAPC, 1.26), mortality (AAPC, 1.24), and DALYs (AAPC, 1.25) of EOPC showed an increasing pattern. The ASRs of incidence, mortality, and DALYs of EOPC in Africa, America, and Asia exhibited a continuous upward trend, while the trend in Europe was fluctuating. Asian males exhibited the fastest growth in incidence (AAPC, 2.15) and mortality (AAPC, 2.13), whereas males in the Americas experienced the slowest increase in new cases (AAPC, 0.72) and deaths (AAPC, 0.67). A certain proportion of EOPC DALYs were attributable to known risk factors: tobacco smoking (13.3%), high BMI, 5.6%, and high fasting plasma glucose 3.2%. Integrating the socio-demographic index (SDI), ASRs of incidence and mortality initially increased with rising SDI, reaching a peak in central Europe (1.5 per 100 000 <ASRs <2.0 per 100 000), and decreased with further increase in SDI in 2019.

Conclusions:
The findings offer valuable insights into the global distribution and magnitude of the EOPC burden. The burden is increasing at a rapid pace worldwide, particularly in Asia, and is notably high in central and eastern Europe. This highlights the need for additional preventive control efforts targeting high-risk populations.