bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s in a Name? The ‘Diniarchus’ of Plautus’ Truculentus
Authors: Gratwick Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One might not expect the Greeks to have had words like ‘hoover‘, ‘mackin tosh‘, ‘sandwich‘, ‘biro‘, or ‘wellington‘, but they did, and it is Athenaeus-who else?-who tells us about them. At 11, 467, he quotes a study of Cleanthes (b. 331, d. 232 BC) π ϵ ρi μ ϵ τ α λ η ψ ϵ ωc ‘On transference of meaning‘ α π ó κ α τ αcκ ϵ ν αcα ν τ ω ν ϕ ηciν ó νoμ αcη ν αi τ η ν τ ϵ Ϙ η ρiκ λ ϵioν κ υλiκ α κ αi τ η ν δ ϵiνiα δ α, ‘he says the Thericlean cup and the [kind of shoe called] deinias were named after their inventors‘; and a little further on he quotes more from the same passage, where Cleanthes was evidently making the point (for the text is corrupt: cf. von Arnim SVF i. 133) that these and similar names still commemorated their inventors in a transparent manner, for the words had not undergone linguistic changes which would disguise the personal names-i.e. the sort of change which, in English, has effectively buried rather than commemorated a prominent ninth-century Arabic mathematician in our word ‘algorithm‘ and a well-known Roman grammarian in the old word ‘donet‘ meaning a Latin primer.
Synecphonesis and Consonantalization of Iota in Greek Tragedy
Authors: Kapsomenos Antonios 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fact that i in ancient Greek verse may lose its autonomy as a syllable before a vowel or a diphthong without disappearing phonetically is widely accepted today. It can be noted in the first place in a series of names, many of which are accommodated in a metre where by their very nature they could not have been otherwise employed; e.g. ‘Ic τiαiα ν (Il. 2. 537), Mϵccη νiι ν (Tyrt. fr. 23. 6 W). It can also be noted in the way some common words scan in a verse, especially in poetic genres in which the effect of oral speech must have been particularly powerful
A New Manuscript of Tiberius Claudius Donatus
Authors: Marshall Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The main features of the transmission of the text of the Interpretationes Vergilianae of Tiberius Claudius Donatus have long been established: three Carolingian codices have survived, from two of which (L = Florence, Laur. 45.15, containing books 1-V, and V = Vatican, lat. 1512, containing books VI-XII) are derived all the extant fifteenth-century manuscripts. Of these Renaissance texts, ten have been identified, all of which basically present the text of L, or of V, or a combination of both. It is therefore of some interest to come across another fifteenth-century witness, Wellesley College, MS No. 7.
The Origins of the Scottish Greek Chairs
Authors: Stewart M A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Those chairs of Greek which still survive in the older Scottish universities date from the early eighteenth century. Their creation was a consequence of reforms which were first conceived and briefly attempted in the days of Andrew Melville, but only finally effected following the 1688 Revolution. Latin was the principal language of study and instruction, and students arrived with an ostensible command of that language. Few had previous acquaintance with Greek, but after the Reformation they learnt the rudiments-in Latin-at college, from the same philosophy regent who took them through the rest of the curriculum. Greek had come in, like Hebrew, less to broaden the education than to give access to the Bible and patristic writers in the original languages. An unintended and theologically unwelcome by-product had been a temporary revival in the fortunes of Aristotelian philosophy.
The Greek Novel and Greek Identity
Authors: Swain Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The key point about the rhetors and sophists with whom I finished the last chapter is that they and their audiences spent much of their time living in the same composite Greek world of the past. This imaginary world, where subject and object and past and present were seamlessly joined, was a vital component of a completely new genre of Greek literature that flourished in the second sophistic, the Greek novel. It is to the implications of this new arrival for the contemporary meaning of the past that I now turn.
Philostratus
Authors: Swain Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Flavius Philostratus is the last author to be considered here in any detail. All his works reflect an active interest in the cultural history of the Greek world. He was a practising sophist and came from a sophistic family. His wife was apparently of senatorial stock and at least one of his sons became a senator. He himself held the office of general at Athens during the first decade of the third century and was also close to the imperial court. Philostratus did not live in the past. He was fully alive to the pleasures and the pressures the contemporary world offered to the educated elite. The Greek past was simply the way of preserving one’s status in the present day. That is why the Lives of the Sophists often focuses, as has been observed, not on the rhetorical output of the sophists or on their classicism, but on their economic and social standing, and on their relations with the cities and the emperors. In assessing Philostratus’ attitude to Rome it is important to remember at all times that it is Greece’s cultural inheritance that really matters to him now. This provides the frame of reference (as it were) through which his comments on Romans and on the Empire are mediated.
Athanasius of Alexandria and Urban Asceticism
Authors: Elm Susanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous discussions have made it abundantly clear that ascetic life in Egypt was characterized by an extraordinary degree of variety and, consequently, fluidity. Several models of ascetic life coexisted and at times competed with each other. As in Asia Minor, there were three distinct categories: ascetic life within cities and towns, ascetic life in the isolation of the desert or the countryside, and an ascetic life ‘in between’, in areas a little way beyond the boundaries of the village or town though not in the desert proper. The issue here is how our sources conceive of the relationship between these forms, how they characterize their relative merits and thus regulate them; and their perception of these interrelations will in turn give us insights into the shaping of asceticism in fourth-century Egypt.
Signs of the Dead: The Grave Monument in Homer and the Archaic Age
Authors: Sourvinou-Inwood Christiane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of the grave monument’ in the Homeric poems is important in itself and also necessary for the proper study of the archaic grave monument, since earlier perceptions contributed to the latter’s making. Also, the Homeric terminology was inherited by the archaic epitaph-writers, who adapted it to their own needs. We must determine what had been inherited, and how this inherited stock was deployed in the archaic age.
Coping with Death: Shifting Attitudes in a Changing World
Authors: Sourvinou-Inwood Christiane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We saw in Chapter III that the circumstances of the emergence, and the pattern of usage, of the inscribed grave monument, especially of the most individualized permanent and highly visible type, the sculpted monument with images and epigram, and also the content of the grave inscriptions, indicate an increasingly stronger concern for the lasting survival of one’s memory after death; and that the epitaphs stress very strongly a poignantly sad perception of death, while the preferred images of death indicate an increasingly individual, self-centred representation of the deceased’s social persona.
Charon, Hermes, and the Journey of Death
Authors: Sourvinou-Inwood Christiane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The date of the Minyas, like most things about it, is impossible to determine. Some time in the late seventh, or more plausibly perhaps in the sixth, century is all that it is possible to say.4 Charon’s earliest known images are two black-figure scenes of c.500, which show him ferrying the winged shades in his boat.5 They tell us that at c.500 Charon’s role as ferryman of the dead was sufficiently wellknown to be represented on vases.
Reading (Death) Otherwise: The Case Study of an Archaic Epigram
Authors: Sourvinou-Inwood Christiane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We saw in Chapter III 𝕊𝕊 ii.2a and ii.3 that an archaic epigram from Teithronion in Phokis, if it was (as has been generally assumed) truly an epitaph, would constitute a unique exception to an otherwise consistent pattern of appearance, in epitaphs and elsewhere, of two important elements: the naming of the grave monument and the salutation chaire addressed to the dead. This epigram, of c.500 BC,is inscribed on a limestone stele and is now in the Chaironeia Museum.
Introduction
Authors: Wyke Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The central and unifying theme of this collection is the ancient body’s relation to gender, for the bodies and genders of antiquity still matter. Ancient bodies continue to be appropriated as sites on which to negoti ate modern sexualities and genders, their somatic metaphors can still activate the gendered rhetoric and practices of (for example) modern warfare, and their analysis now occupies a prominent place in current academic debates about sexuality, gender, and the body.
‘The Mother of the Argument’: Eros and the Body in Sappho and Plato’s Phaedrus
Authors: Foley Helene P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What else could one call the art of love of the Lesbian woman [Sappho] other than the Socratic art of love? For they seem to me to have practiced love after their own fashion, she the love of women, he of men. For they said they loved many, and were captivated by all things beautiful. What Alcibiades and Clrnrmides and Phaedrus were to him, Gyrinna and Atthis and Anactoria were to her; what the rival craftsmen Prodicus and Gorgias and Thrasymachus and Protagoras were to Socrates, Gorgo and Andromeda were to Sappho. Sometimes she censures them, at other times she cross-examines them, and she uses irony just like Socrates.
Playing Roman Soldiers: The Martyred Body, Derek Jarman’s Sebastiane, and the Representation of Male Homosexuality
Authors: Wyke Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a recent collection of essays entitled Outlooks: Lesbian and Gay Sexualities and Visual Cultures (1996), Richard A. Kaye observed that from the late nineteenth century the image of St Sebastian’s body pierced by arrows has provided a means of conceiving a male self that encompasses homosexual desire. Kaye’s disparate catalogue of representations of the martyred Roman soldier in twentieth-century writing, painting, photography, film, and performance art discloses that in contemporary culture St Sebastian has emerged ‘as the very distillation in art of an emotionally and politically fraught homosexual persona’.
Preliminaries
Authors: Mitchell T F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Writing Arabic aimed to provide an acceptable model for writing the Arabic script. Pronouncing Arabic I is likewise normative, and aims to provide for imitation an acceptable mode of reading aloud a written Arabic text. The variety of reading ‘accents’ in the Arab world imposes both geographical restriction and the choice of a well-known, codified reading style. In view of the undeniable cultural and demographic dominance of Egypt, there can be no reasonable objection to the selection of an Egyptian accent, which not only is recognized and esteemed beyond the borders of Egypt but also conforms to an established code of orthoepy, in the traditional sense of ‘correct’ [sic) pronunciation of written forms. An orthoepic approach is adopted for purely practical reasons and does not imply acceptance of the widespread Arab view that written Arabic is alone worthy of study. Even within such well-defined practice, however, permissible variation does occur in the reading style of educated Egyptians and is attributable to their regional origins and educational training as well as to the subject-matter that is read and the circumstances in which reading takes place. Written Arabic of a formal kind is broadly reducible to two varieties: on the one hand, the high Classical Arabic of ancient beginnings and Islamic liturgy, and, on the other, the more modern language of contemporary literature, journalism, news broadcasting, technological writing, administration, and diplomacy (so-called Modern Standard Arabic).
Fazil Iskander(b. 1929)
Authors: Laird Sally 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fazil Iskander is among the best-loved contemporary writers in Russia, his books regularly featuring among the ‘top ten ‘ bought by readers each year. An Abkhazi* by birth (though he writes in Russian), he has created a unique literary realm from the people, landscapes, and traditions of his native land, and drawn on its culture of toasting and story-telling to create an authorial persona of immense charm.
Tatyana Tolstaya (b. 1951)
Authors: Laird Sally 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tatyana Tolstaya was born in Leningrad into one of the city ‘s most distinguished lit-erary families. She is the great-grandniece of Lev Tolstoy and the granddaughter of the writer, dramatist, and poet Aleksei Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1883–1945), best known for his trilogy about the Revolution, Road to Calvary,* begun while he was temporarily an émigré in Berlin. Though he had initially been an outspoken oppon-ent of Bolshevism, Aleksei Tolstoy returned to the Soviet Union in 1923 and became one of the very few Russians to maintain a nobleman ‘s life-style while successfully demonstrating his ‘loyalty ‘ to the new state: so successfully, indeed, that he was appointed Chairman of the USSR Writers ‘ Union after Gorky ‘s death and won several Stalin Prizes for his work. Aleksei ‘s wife was the poet Natalya Krandiyevskaya, herself from a literary family, while Tolstaya ‘s maternal grandfather, as she relates in the interview that follows, was the distinguished translator Mikhail Lozinsky, whose friends included the poets Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov.
Vladimir Sorokin (b. 1955)
Authors: Laird Sally 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vladimir Sorokin is one of the most gifted, and certainly the most notorious, among the group of younger writers who surfaced from the ‘underground ‘ in the late 1980s. Their hallmark was a general iconoclasm: the rejection of realism in all its variants; frequent reference to sex, bodily functions, and other taboo subjects; an emphasis on style and linguistic game-playing as opposed to ethical content, and an avowedly detached, ironic stance towards political and social questions.
Igor Pomerantsev (b. 1948)
Authors: Laird Sally 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Igor Pomerantsev was born in Saratov and spent his early childhood in Siberia. When he was 5 his family moved to Chernovtsy in western Ukraine, where he grew up and went to university. After graduating in English, he worked as a teacher and technical translator, moving to Kiev in the early 1970s.
Social Space and Symbolic Power: Fernando Savater’ s Intellectual Field
Authors: Smith Paul Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fernando Savater is perhaps the best-known and most representative intellectual of the Socialist era in Spain. Yet his work and persona are characterized by contradictions. Thus he is an avowed internationalist who was until very recently dedicated to teaching in the young university of his native Basque Country; a political activist who has never joined a political party; and an avowed anarchist who claims individualism as a foundation for a non-violent ethics of community.
Between Heaven and Earth: Grounding Julio Medem
Authors: Smith Paul Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Julio Medem is the cineaste of subjectivity. In his first feature, Vacas(1992) the history of 100 years of the Basque Country is replayed as adomestic conflict between two families in a lush valley; in his second, Laardilla roja (‘The Red Squirrel’, 1993), the contemporary comedy of relations between men and women is explored through the lyrical and imaginative means of memory and fantasy; and, finally, in Tierra ( 1996) acosmic fable of metaphysics and mundanity is performed in an unearthly landscape, as internal as it is external, a landscape which is, in Medem’s own words, ‘warm, intimate, and subjectivizable’.
Introduction
Authors: Vilain Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There can hardly be a book or an article about Hofmannsthal’s early work that does not mention somewhere the influence of French Symbolism on his poetry. Most take it for granted that there was such an influence and that it was beneficial. A few study the question in detail and reach broadly the same conclusion; others play down the matter of influence and prefer to see Hofmannsthal as a unique, almost magical creative talent, vastly well-read but fundamentally original. Some of Hofmannsthal’s admirers react defensively to the suggestion that his most celebrated, most magical writing is indebted to others, and they overstate their case for his originality.
Form and Identity: Hofmannsthal and the Symbolist Aesthetic
Authors: Vilain Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amidst the welter of definitions and prescriptions that the Symbolist movement produced is a rich and beautiful statement by Mallarme that encapsulates in its deceptively innocent directness the cardinal presuppositions of Symbolist poetics: Poetry is the validation of human existence: the supreme duty of mankind is to attempt contact with its mysterious dimension, and poetry is what makes the merely human authentic and valuable. Language has to be stripped down to an essence before it will be fit for uncovering the mystery. This essence comprises the spiritual, the mysterious, the authentic and the poetic, and is opposed to the empirically observable. Contact between the two dimensions of existence is, to use Baudelaire’s term, correspondance.
‘Symbolismus: Meine Definitionen’: Early Poems and the Presence of Stefan George
Authors: Vilain Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hofmannsthal’s interest in Symbolism did not begin with Stefan George’s arrival in Vienna in December 1891, and was not confined to the few days either side of Christmas when they met most frequently. His diary for 28 May 1891 reports a conversation with Gustav Schwarzkopf, Hermann Bahr, Heinrich von Korff and Julius Kulka in the Cafe Griensteidl: The high exclusivity of the Symbolist ideals was clearly common currency for the young Hofmannsthal and his friends well before the end of December. But it was at that time that Hofmannsthal sought most urgently to articulate for himself and for others his understanding of the concept, which in the hands of critics such as Bahr was highly unstable, but which was for Hofmannsthal of great importance.
Postscript and Conclusion: Hofmannsthal and Rimbaud
Authors: Vilain Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a name glaringly absent so far from this survey of Hofmannsthal’s reception of French Symbolist poets, that of Arthur Rimbaud. Rimbaud is nowadays commonly placed alongside Verlaine and Mallarme as one of the three most important representatives of French Symbolist poetry, arguably the most radical and inspirational of them all. ‘Le Bateau ivre’ and ‘Voyelles’ are two of the most famous, most frequently anthologized and most influential of the poems ever gathered together under the heading of Symbolism. Yet Hofmannsthal seems either not to have known of Rimbaud’s work or to have ignored it. Rimbaud is absent, for example, from the list of ‘Maler und Musiker’ that George contrasted with the ‘Plastiker des Stils’ in his important conversation with Hofmannsthal on 21 December 1891-which is doubly surprising, since Rimbaud had died only six weeks before, and, as is often the case, had been the subject of a sudden rush of articles, reviews, homages, retrospectives and appreciations in the French literary press.
Mirrors, Fusions, and Splittings The Papins, the fait divers, and the Psychoanalysts
Authors: Edwards Rachel , Reader Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interest in the fait divers-for which the only approximation to an English-language equivalent seems to be the somewhat feeble ‘human interest story’-has increased apace with the advent and growth of cultural studies, but the repercussions of the Papin case show that it goes back a good way beyond that. The first appearance of the term can be traced to Le Petit Journal in 1863, which links its emergence to that of the age of mass literacy. Christine and Lea seem to have had very little interest in reading (though Christine is said to have copied out poetry in her youth), but it is a fairly safe bet that many of the written texts that might have come their way would have been of the order of the fait divers, requiring none of the cultural background necessary for the reading of ‘serious’ news stories.
Literary Reproductions
Authors: Edwards Rachel , Reader Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The uniqueness of the Papin affair means that it has inspired a variety of literary reproductions in various genres, ranging from the short story to the theatre to the biographical novel, and belonging to both high and low culture. Amongst the former may be considered such well-known texts as Jean-Paul Sartre’s short story Érostrate, Simone de Beauvoir’s consideration of the affair in La Force de !’age, and Jean Genet’s play Les Bonnes.
An Authentic Eighteenth-Century Performance Source: C. F. Colt’s Organ-Barrels
Authors: Badura-Skoda Paul , Clayton Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What would we not give to possess eighteenth-century gramophone records, if not by one of the great masters, then at least by a professional performer! Such a performance would tell us more than the treatises, for all their rules and regulations, which often left the simplest things unsaid because they were apparently familiar to everyone.
Studies in Rhythm
Authors: Badura-Skoda Paul , Clayton Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whole books could and should be written about Bach’s rhythm. To date the literature that has accumulated on this subject is unfortunately rather small, and at times it is also misleading. There are of course a number of studies and polemics on the various aspects of rhythm in performance, but far too little has been written about the nature of Bach’s rhythm as such. In restricting myself to certain aspects that are of importance for the performer, I am aware that I am merely concentrating on the tip of an iceberg, the greater part of which still remains to be discovered.
The Urtext Problem: An Imaginary Interview
Authors: Badura-Skoda Paul , Clayton Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
dr c. Professor Badura-Skoda, for decades you have been studying the problems associated with musical texts. I have taken the trouble to look up some of your essays and, in addition to the ‘Urtext’ chapter of the book on Mozart written jointly with your wife, I have found the following articles on the subject.
Prelude in E flat minor and Fugue in D sharp minor, WTC I, BWV 853. An Analysis for Performance
Authors: Badura-Skoda Paul , Clayton Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The primary purpose of this book is to pave the way for stylistically authentic performances of Bach. Yet analytical knowledge is worthless if it is not brought together to form a whole, a synthesis of all the different aspects in the shape of a performance that strikes the listener as organic, a performance that no longer displays traces of long and laborious study. In the final analysis art emanates from the subconscious, from the wealth of imagination seeking communion with others.
Introduction
Authors: Badura-Skoda Paul , Clayton Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clothes are at the mercy of fashion, and so are performing styles. As Goethe once said, ‘Erlaubt ist was gefallt’ (One may do anything so long as it pleases). However, what pleases is largely determined by habit, fashion, and imitation. Significantly, the answer to the above statement in Goethe’s Torquato Tasso is ‘Erlaubt ist, was sich ziemt’ (One may do anything so long as it is right and proper).