bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III) oxidation of substituted 4‐oxo acids: a mechanistic study
Authors: Pushparaj F. J. Maria , Kannan S. , Vikram L. , Kumar Lalitha S. , Rangappa K. S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of the oxidation of substituted 4‐oxo‐4‐arylbutanoic acids by hexacyanoferrate(III) in aqueous alkaline medium were studied. The reactions are found to be first order in each of the reagents, the oxo acid, hydroxide ion and the hexacyanoferrate(III) ion. A mechanism involving the formation of enolate anion from the oxo compound and subsequent rate‐determining electron transfer is proposed. Application of the Olson–Simonson rule substantiated the participation of negatively charged ions in the rate‐determining step. The experimental rate constant is found to be composite, being the product of the equilibrium constant for the enolate anion formation and the rate constant of the oxidation step (Kk2). The effect of addition of solvents such as methanol and DMSO is discussed and a quantitative relationship is derived between the ionic strength and the composite rate constant. The low activation energies and even the negative activation energy in the oxidation of 4‐(3‐nitrophey1)‐4‐oxobutanoic acid are explained. The ρ values are positive and decrease with temperature. Contrary to the expected electronic effect, the methyl group in the ortho position accelerates the reaction owing to steric factors. From the intersection of the lines in the Hammett and Arrhenius plots, the isokinetic relationship is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoresponsive micelles from well‐defined block copolymers synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Liu Bo , Perrier Sébastien 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) homopolymers synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization were used as macro‐chain‐transfer agents to synthesize smart amphiphilic block copolymers with a switchable hydrophilic–hydrophobic block of PNIPAAm and a hydrophilic block of poly(N‐dimethylacrylamide). All polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, 1H NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry. The reversible micelles formed by the block copolymers of various compositions in aqueous solutions were characterized by 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering, and tensiometry. Micelles were observed in the aqueous solutions when the temperature was increased to 40 °C because of the collapse of the PNIPAAm structure, which led to a PNIPAAm hydrophobic block. The drug loading capacity was illustrated with the use of the solvatochromic Reichardt's dye and measured by ultraviolet–visible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3643–3654, 2005
Syntheses of trimethoxysilyl‐endcapped polylactones via 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Hachmann‐Thiessen Heiko , Schwarz Gert 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMonofunctional polylactones were prepared by Bu2Sn(OMe)2‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (εCL) followed by acylation with bromoacetylbromide. Telechelic polylactones and polylactides were prepared via ring‐expansion polymerization with 2,2‐dibutyl‐2‐stanna‐1,3‐dioxepane (DSDOP) or 2,2‐dibutyl‐2‐stanna‐pentaoxacyclotridecane (Bu2SnTEG) as cyclic initiator. In situ combination of the polymerization with condensation by means of bromoacetylbromide yielded polylactones having bromoacetate endgroups. These endgroups were subjected to nucleophilic substitution with 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (3‐MPTMS). Analogous experiments were conducted with dl‐lactide. The telechelic trimethoxysilyl‐endcapped polylactones were characterized by viscosity, 1H and 13C NMR‐spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The mass spectra revealed small amounts of cyclic oligolactones as byproducts in all samples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3667–3674, 2005
Effect of pyridazine structure on thin‐film polymerization and phase behavior of thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters
Authors: Teoh M. M. , Liu S. L. , Chung T. S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn intensive study has been conducted to compare the effects of malei hydrazine (MH) and hydroquinone (HQ) on the liquid crystallinity and phase transition behavior in the ABA/HQ/TFTA and ABA/MH/TFTA copolyesters (p‐acetoxybenzoic acid (ABA) and tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (TFTA)). These two copolyesters were prepared by thin‐film polymerization and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing light microscope (PLM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), as well as Cerius2 computational simulation. Characterization and comparison of the liquid crystalline (LC) evolution and morphology changes of HQ moiety with corresponding MH moiety suggest that ABA/MH/TFTA system is energetically favorable to mesophase formation than ABA/HQ/TFTA system. When the films are quenched, a surface microcrack decoration is observed in both systems. Both systems, which have the persistence ratio larger than 6.42, satisfy the minimum requirement for the LC formation by molecular science software. The ABA/MH/TFTA film exhibits only one single peak transition. However, two distinct transitions have been observed in the ABA/HQ/TFTA system. The average Avrami exponent, n, is ∼1.2, and PLM and WAXD results suggest mesophase transition in ABA/MH/TFTA film. As reflected by the results obtained from PLM, WAXD, and DSC studies, the phase transition is confirmed as crystal → nematic → isotropic in ABA/HQ/TFTA copolyester. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2230–2242, 2005
Alternating copolymer of thiophene andN‐(phenylethynyl)pyrrole. New π‐conjugated alternating five‐membered ring copolymer and its packing structure
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Mahmut Abla , Abe Masahiro , Kuroda Shin‐Ichi , Imase Tatsuya , Sasaki Shintaro 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn alternating copolymer, Copoly‐1, of thiophene and N‐(phenylethynyl)pyrrole was prepared by palladium‐catalyzed polycondensation. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that Copoly‐1 formed a stacked packing structure with doubly‐running polymer main chains. Optical data support the molecular and packing structures of Copoly‐1. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2219–2224, 2005
On the relation between positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and lattice‐hole‐theory free volume
Authors: Consolati G. , Quasso F. , Simha R. , Olson B. G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA coincidence between the temperature‐dependent hole (free volume) fraction h above the glass transition temperature, derived from lattice‐hole theory, and the corresponding function hPs obtained from positronium lifetime spectroscopy has been previously observed for four polystyrene fractions ranging from 4000 to 400,000 in molar mass. This result was based on the assumed proportionality of hPs and the product of the orthopositronium intensity I3 and the mean cavity volume, the proportionality constant C being molar mass dependent. However, a recent analysis of the data based on volume arguments by Olson and Jamieson revealed systematic departures between the two sets of free volume functions. We reexamine the situation by departing from the customary assumption of spherical cavities, and allowing for nonspherical geometries represented by prismatic or cylindrical disks. Agreement between spectroscopic and thermodynamic functions ensues with fixed, temperature‐independent asymmetry factors decreasing with increasing molar mass. These tentative findings suggest that systematic studies of melts with varying chain flexibility and molar mass should be attempted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2225–2229, 2005
Economical Advantages of Low‐Pressure Plasma Polymerization Coating
Authors: Yasuda Hirotsugu , Matsuzawa Yasuo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSummary: Low‐pressure plasma polymerization coating, as described in this paper, is an ultimately green process that uses a minimum amount of substances and produces a minimum amount of effluent and hence does not require an environmental remediation process. The super‐green aspect of the processing entirely changes the equation for the viability of the process in industrial applications. The main hampering factors for the low‐pressure processes are 1) psychological fear of vacuum processes, 2) relatively high initial equipment costs, and 3) a lack of adequate cost estimate for the entire process. In many cases, the first two factors are enough for planners to shy away from this promising technology. However, when one examines the overall cost of processing as a whole, the cost of initial equipment often is not the decisive factor. Such cases are presented in the nano‐film coating applied in corrosion protection of aluminum alloys, steel, and surface‐state modification of contact lenses. The benefits of environmental friendliness, non‐hazardous processing and superior performance of products that can be achieved only by low‐pressure plasma polymerization coatings are more than enough to compensate the initial cost of the equipment.For nanofilm (20 nm) coatings, the most expensive annual operation cost is for wastewater treatment, which is much more than the initial cost of vacuum plasma polymerization reactor.magnified imageFor nanofilm (20 nm) coatings, the most expensive annual operation cost is for wastewater treatment, which is much more than the initial cost of vacuum plasma polymerization reactor.
Optimal Combination of Discriminators for Differentiating Ventricular from Supraventricular Tachycardia by Dual‐Chamber Defibrillators
Authors: GLIKSON MICHAEL , SWERDLOW CHARLES D. , GUREVITZ OSNAT T. , DAOUD EMILE , SHIVKUMAR KALYANAM , WILKOFF BRUCE , SHIPMAN TAMARA , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. 
Published: July 2005

Introduction: Dual‐chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) use discriminators to differentiate between supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) and ventricular tachycardias (VT), the accuracy of which may depend on the type and method used. ICDs can combine rate branching of tachyarrhythmias according to their A:V relationship with two SVT‐VT discriminators in each rate branch, using ANY (either) or ALL (both) logic. Our goal was to determine the optimal discriminator combination. Methods: Stored electrogram data from 596 spontaneous tachyarrhythmias from 203 patients with Photon DR ICDs were analyzed. Arrhythmias are first classified by the relationship of atrial and ventricular rates (rate branches V < A, V = A, and V > A) followed by additional discriminators: morphology and/or sudden onset if V = A; morphology and/or interval stability if V < A. Data were analyzed for all combinations of ANY and ALL logic. Results: Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for all spontaneous episodes in each analysis. V = A branch: ALL logic produced unacceptably low sensitivity, whereas morphology provided only similar sensitivity but better specificity than ANY logic. A > V branch: ANY logic provided adequate sensitivity. The combination of morphology only in V = A with interval stability or morphology (ANY logic) in V < A, provided the optimal result with sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of 99%, 79%, 87%, and 98%, respectively. Conclusion: SVT‐VT combined discriminators strongly influence dual‐chamber SVT‐VT discrimination performance. In our study, optimal programming is morphology only in the V = A branch and morphology or interval stability (ANY) in the V < A branch. ALL logic should be used with caution due to loss of sensitivity.
Interleukin‐10 promoter polymorphisms and atopic asthma in North Indians
Authors: Chatterjee R. , Batra J. , Kumar A. , Mabalirajan U. , Nahid S. , Niphadkar P. V. , Ghosh B. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground
IL‐10 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine primarily produced by monocytes and macrophages and plays a key role in asthma. IL10 gene, present in chromosome 1q31–q32, is regulated primarily by transcription and its expression is found to be lower in asthmatics. Earlier studies in diverse populations have identified several promoter polymorphisms. However, no study has been carried out in a genetically untapped large population from the Indian Subcontinent.Objective
To investigate the association of the IL10 promoter polymorphisms and asthma in the North Indian population.Methods
The association study was conducted in a case–control as well as in a family‐based design. Polymorphism at −1082 A/G, −819 C/T and −592 C/A nucleotides were genotyped in ethnically matched unrelated patients (N=272), unrelated controls (N=307) and nuclear families (N=164).Results
A suggestive evidence of association was obtained for −1082 A/G polymorphism at the level of alleles and genotypes with asthma in the case–control study (P=0.03). A three‐locus haplotype (ATA) was found to be more in asthmatics than in control individuals (P=0.0085). On the other hand, a novel haplotype ATC was found to be more in controls than in asthmatics (P=0.012). These results were further tested in a family‐based study. A deviation of transmission was observed for the −1082 A/G polymorphism (P=0.003). The ATA haplotype showed a preferential transmission in asthmatics (P=0.03), while the GCC and a novel ATC haplotype showed preferential non‐transmission in asthmatic individuals (P=0.03 and 0.001, respectively).Conclusions
Using both case–control and family studies, we provide suggestive evidence that the ATA haplotype is positively, whereas GCC and a novel ATC haplotypes of IL10 gene are negatively associated with asthma in Indian population. Our results are interesting enough as to intensify further research to elucidate the functional significance of these single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in asthma pathogenesis.
Component‐resolved in vitro diagnosis in carrot allergy: Does the use of recombinant carrot allergens improve the reliability of the diagnostic procedure?
Authors: Ballmer‐Weber B. K. , Wangorsch A. , Bohle B. , Kaul S. , Kündig T. , Fötisch K. , Van Ree R. , Vieths S. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground
In Europe, pollen‐related food allergy is the most frequent form of food allergy in adults. Reliability of current diagnostic procedures, however, is poor and therapeutic options are not available.Objectives
In the present study, we created a panel of recombinant allergens from carrot and evaluated its potential in component‐resolved in vitro diagnosis of carrot allergy.Methods
Recombinant (r) Dau c 1.0104, Dau c 1.0201 and Dau c 4 were cloned by a polymerase chain reaction strategy, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Carrot lipid transfer protein (LTP) was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Sera from 40 carrot‐allergic patients were investigated. Twenty‐one birch pollen‐allergic subjects with negative open provocation to carrot and 20 non‐allergic subjects were included as controls. IgE binding to recombinant allergens as well as to cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) was measured by ELISA. Cross‐reactivity between Dau c 1 isoforms and Bet v 1 was assayed by ELISA inhibition.Biological activity of the recombinant carrot allergens was assessed by histamine release assay and peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulation.Results
Ninety‐eight percent of the carrot‐allergic patients were positive to at least one recombinant allergen; 98% reacted to rDau c 1.0104, 65% to rDau c 1.0201, 38% to rDau c 4 and 20% had IgE against CCD. Specificity using the recombinant allergens was high when compared with non‐allergic controls, but low compared with birch‐sensitized subjects without carrot allergy. Sensitization to Dau c 1.0201, however, proved to be highly specific for clinically relevant sensitization. Inhibition assays indicated the absence of LTP in carrot root extract, and epitope diversity between Dau c 1.0104, Dau c 1.0201 and Bet v 1.Conclusions
Our panel of recombinant allergens from carrot can provide a standardized tool for in vitro diagnosis of carrot allergy, and for epitope studies.
Development of γδ thymocyte subsets during prenatal and postnatal ontogeny
Authors: Šinkora Marek , Šinkorová Jana , Holtmeier Wolfgang 
Published: July 2005

SummaryIn this report, we describe 12 subpopulations of porcine γδ thymocytes based on their expression of CD1, CD2, CD4, CD8‐isoforms and CD45RC. Our data suggest that γδ thymocytes can be divided into two major families: (a) one large family of CD4–γδ thymocytes that could be further subdivided according to the CD2/CD8αα phenotype and (b) a small family of CD4+γδ thymocytes bearing CD8αβ and possessing certain unusual features in comparison with other γδ thymocytes. Maturation of γδ thymocytes within the CD4– family begins with proliferation of the CD2+ CD8– CD1+ CD45RC–γδ common precursor. This developmental stage is followed by diversification into the CD2+ CD8αα+, CD2+ CD8– and CD2– CD8– subsets. Their further maturation is accompanied by a loss of expression of CD1 and by increased expression of CD45RC. Therefore, individual subsets develop from CD1+ CD45RC– through CD1– CD45RC– into CD1– CD45RC+ cells. On the other hand, γδ thymocytes within the CD4+ family bear exclusively CD8αβ, always express CD1, but may coexpress CD45RC. These cells have no counterpart in the periphery. Our observations suggest that all peripheral CD8+γδ T cells express CD8αα and that two subsets of these cells differing in major histocompatibility complex II expression, occur. We propose that one subset acquires CD8αα in the thymus while the second acquires CD8αα as a result of stimulation in the periphery.
Association of calpastatin (CAST/MspI) polymorphism with meat quality parameters of fatteners and its interaction withRYR1genotypes
Authors: Krzęcio E. , Kurył J. , Koćwin‐Podsiadła M. , Monin G. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe aim of this study was to analyse the effect of polymorphism of calpastatin (CAST) andRYR1genes for some meat quality traits taking into consideration the group of meatiness and their mutual interactions. Investigations were carried out on a group of 201 fatteners which were crosses of four breeds. The results obtained show thatCAST/MspI genotype has an effect close to the major effect for drip loss from LL muscle tissue at 48 h as well as at 96 h postmortem (0.92 and 0.96 SD respectively). Among the meat quality traits analysed and that were affected byCAST/MspI genotype, the animals withBBgenotype at this locus were characterized by the most profitable values of all these traits. Significant interactions betweenCASTandRYR1genotypes observed indicate that the quality of meat influenced byRYR1genotype may be modified by the simultaneous influence of genotype as regards theCASTlocus.
Responses in residual feed intake in lines of Large White pigs selected for growth rate on restricted feeding (measured on ad libitum individual feeding)
Authors: Nguyen N.H. , McPhee C.P. , Wade C.M. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryResidual feed intake (RFI) represents the deviation of the actual ad libitum food consumption of each animal from that predicted from combination of growth rate, backfat and metabolic body weight measurements. After 4 years of divergent selection of pigs in lines for either high or low postweaning growth rate on restricted feeding, the high line exhibited a significant reduction in RFI relative to the low line. This indicated, to some extents, a lower energy requirement for maintenance in the high than in the low line, possibly because of reduced physical activity of the animals. Estimates of genetical parameters showed that RFI was moderately heritable and those genetic correlations of RFI with carcass backfat and food conversion ratio were moderate to highly positive.
Acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children (APACHE)
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Dawes‐Higgs Elizabeth , Mann Stephen , Cook David K 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYA 13‐year‐old girl presented with a 10‐year history of multiple discrete red firm papules situated on her right upper arm. The histopathology examination revealed a massive subepidermal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, consistent with acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children. Treatment with topical application of mometasone furoate 0.1% cream once daily for 6 months improved the lesions partially. However, these papules returned to their pretreatment appearance and consistency within 6 months after the cessation of the topical corticosteroid. The authors prefer the term ‘papular angiolymphoid hyperplasia’ for this entity, based on the absence of histological angiokeratomatous features, the benign nature of the lesion and the previously reported cases from adults and non‐acral sites.
Cloning and characterization of a phospholipase C‐β isoform from the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus
Authors: Kulisz Andre , Dowal Louisa , Scarlata Suzanne , Shen Sheldon S. 
Published: July 2005

Calcium is a ubiquitous intracellular signaling molecule controlling a wide array of cellular processes including fertilization and egg activation. The mechanism for triggering intracellular Ca2+ release in sea urchin eggs during fertilization is the generation of inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate by phospholipase C (PLC) hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate. Of the five PLC isoforms identified in mammals (β, γ, δ, ∈ and ζ), only PLCγ and PLCδ have been detected in echinoderms. Here, we provide direct evidence of the presence of a PLCβ isoform, named suPLCβ, within sea urchin eggs. The coding sequence was cloned from eggs of Lytechinus pictus and determined to have the greatest degree of homology and identity with the mammalian PLCβ4. The presence of suPLCβ within the egg was verified using a specifically generated antibody. The majority of the enzyme is localized in the non‐soluble fraction, presumably the plasma membrane of the unfertilized egg. This distribution remains unchanged 1 min postfertilization. Unlike PLCβ4, suPLCβ is activated by G protein βγ subunits, and this activity is Ca2+‐dependent. In contrast to all known PLCβ enzymes, suPLCβ is not activated by Gαq‐GTPγS subunit suggesting other protein regulators may be present in sea urchin eggs.
Incidence of sleep disorders in children with presumed normal variant short stature
Authors: Campbell Thomas A , Papadopoulos Verge Dimitri J, Charles F , Williamson Bruce D , Teng Arthur 
Published: July 2005

Objective:  To determine whether unrecognized obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is present in some children diagnosed with normal variant short stature. Methods:  One hundred and fifty‐eight children aged less than 15 years and previously diagnosed with familial short stature or constitutional delay of growth were identified from the endocrine clinic database. A validated, standardized questionnaire designed to screen for symptoms of sleep disorders in children was mailed to the parents of eligible children. Results:  Fifty‐three questionnaires were returned. Fifteen of these had an abnormal score (greater than the mean + three standard deviations in 1157 normal control children). Of these, 10 agreed to a sleep study. Overnight polysomnography showed no evidence of OSA or other sleep/breathing disorders. However, five (half) children showed frequent periodic leg movements of 6.3, 9.2, 9.4, 10.2 and 15.4 per h (adult normal <5 per h). Conclusions:  We did not find OSA among a group of children with normal variant short stature. However, we found frequent periodic limb movements during sleep in a large proportion of the subjects, the significance of which remains to be determined.