bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal hydatidosis secondary to ruptured hepatic hydatid cyst—a rare presentation: a case report
Authors: Feleke Ashenafi Amsalu , Mekonnen Desiybelew Chanie , Zeneber Meron Berhanu , Zemariam Muluken Assefa , Workneh Gebrehiwot Aderaw , Amare Asratu Getnet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Peritoneal hydatidosis (PH) secondary to rupture of hepatic cyst is an exceedingly rare clinical entity. We present a case of a 25-year-old male patient with PH with a hepatic hydatid cyst. The patient underwent laparotomy, total pericystectomy, segmentectomy, and cholecystectomy with a favorable postoperative course. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing these rare conditions. This is the first reported case in Ethiopia.
Non-coding and epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tremblay Benjamin JM , Qüesta Julia I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Seed germination as a developmental process has been extensively studied using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Its seed biology is generally well understood, from the regulation of seed maturation and dormancy to germination and the post-germinative transition. These events require, and are the result of, extensive transcriptional reprogramming which importantly are mediated by essential epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, different histone variants and modifications, as well as by non-coding regulatory RNAs. Studying these mechanisms therefore is essential for understanding the regulation of gene expression during germination. In this review we summarize our current knowledge of these mechanisms in the context of Arabidopsis thaliana seed biology and discuss aspects requiring further study.
Impact of cigarette smoking on genetic stability, cell division and cytotoxicity in buccal cells of old and young woman
Authors: Nersesyan Armen , Kundi Michael , Muradyan Rafayel , Wultsch Georg , Misik Miroslav , Ferk Franziska , Knasmueller Siegfried 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigated the impact of cigarette smoking, daily exposure to tar and nicotine, and the duration of smoking on genetic instability (chromosomal damage – micronuclei, MN, nuclear buds - gene amplification) as well as on disturbances in mitosis (resulting in binucleated cells). Furthermore, we analyzed markers of cytotoxic effects (such as the formation of condensed chromatin, pyknotic, karyolytic, and karyorrhectic cells) and the mitotic activity of the oral mucosa. These parameters were monitored in groups of old (postmenopausal) and young (premenopausal) smoking and non-smoking women (n= 25/group). We found no differences of the MN frequencies in the non-smoking groups and only a moderate (not significant) increase of MN in both groups of smokers. However, we observed a clear increase of markers of genomic instability in both smoking groups. Furthermore, the mitotic activity of cells in the mucosa and of anomalies caused by acute cytotoxicty was higher in both smoking groups. Nicotine uptake was associated with pronounced acute toxic effects and increased the cell division rate. Chromosomal damage (MN) was higher in individuals which consumed high amounts of tar (this effect was not significant) and caused moderate acute toxicity. Our findings indicate (i) that age and hormonal status have no strong impact on the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in smoking women, (ii) consumption of up to 30 cigarettes/day does not cause chromosomal damage in buccal cells, however positive results were found in earlier studies in heavy smokers, (iii) smoking increased markers which reflect genetic instability and the division rate of oral mucosa cells. These effects may play a role in neoplastic transformation of cells in the upper respiratory tract in smokers. The duration of smoking was associated with a slight (not significant) increase of the mitotic activity and of chromosomal damage and with moderate acute cytotoxicity.
The reduction of medical resident duty hours for the benefit of patient safety
Authors: Hager Alison 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since the case of Libby Zion spurred the first duty hour restrictions placed upon medical residents, the impact of fatigue and the importance of duty hour restrictions have been hotly debated. This paper discusses the history of duty hour restrictions as well as the documented impact of fatigue both on the medical profession and other industries upon which the federal government has imposed hours restrictions due to the danger fatigue has been found to pose. It then takes this information and applies it to the American Medical Association’s ‘Code of Medical Ethics’ to determine if residents can truly adhere to these principles and prioritize patient safety while working hours shaped by current duty hour limits.
Gauge theoretical method in solving zero-curvature equations I — application to the static Einstein-Maxwell equations with magnetic charge—
Authors: Azuma T , Koikawa T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The inverse scattering problem is applied to 2-dimensional partial differential equations called soliton equations such as the KdV equation and so on. It is also used to integrate the Einstein equations with axial symmetry. These inverse scattering problems look different. We show that they can be understood in a unified way. As an application to the Einstein equation, we find solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations with a magnetic charge.
Generative AI at Work
Authors: Brynjolfsson Erik , Li Danielle , Raymond Lindsey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the staggered introduction of a generative AI–based conversational assistant using data from 5,172 customer-support agents. Access to AI assistance increases worker productivity, as measured by issues resolved per hour, by 15% on average, with substantial heterogeneity across workers. The effects vary significantly across different agents. Less experienced and lower-skilled workers improve both the speed and quality of their output, while the most experienced and highest-skilled workers see small gains in speed and small declines in quality. We also find evidence that AI assistance facilitates worker learning and improves English fluency, particularly among international agents. While AI systems improve with more training data, we find that the gains from AI adoption are largest for moderately rare problems, where human agents have less baseline experience but the system still has adequate training data. Finally, we provide evidence that AI assistance improves the experience of work along several dimensions: customers are more polite and less likely to ask to speak to a manager.
Race to the Bottom: Competition and Quality in Science
Authors: Hill Ryan , Stein Carolyn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates how competition to publish first and thereby establish priority impacts the quality of scientific research. We begin by developing a model where scientists decide whether and how long to work on a given project. When deciding how long they should let their projects mature, scientists trade off the marginal benefit of higher quality research against the marginal risk of being preempted. Projects with the highest scientific potential are the most competitive because they induce the most entry. Therefore, the model predicts these projects are also the most rushed and lowest quality. We test the predictions of this model in the field of structural biology using data from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), a repository for structures of large macromolecules. An important feature of the PDB is that it assigns objective measures of scientific quality to each structure. As suggested by the model, we find that structures with higher ex-ante potential generate more competition, are completed faster, and are lower quality. Consistent with the model, and with a causal interpretation of our empirical results, these relationships are mitigated when we focus on structures deposited by scientists who — by nature of their employment position — are less focused on publication and priority. We estimate that the costs associated with improving these low-quality structures are between 1.5 and 8.8 billion dollars since the PDB’s founding in 1971.
Validation of childhood lupus specific targets: ensuring accurate assessment of disease control in younger, lighter paediatric patients
Authors: Sarker Chandni , Jorgensen Andrea L , Tharmaratnam Kukatharmini , Al-Abadi Eslam , Armon Kate , Bailey Kathryn , Bohm Marek , Brennan Mary , Ciurtin Coziana , Gardner-Medwin Janet , Hawley Daniel P , Kinder Alison , Leahy Alice , Malik Gulshan , McLaren Zoe , Moraitis Elena , Mosley Ellen , Ramanan Athimalaipet V , Rangaraj Satyapal , Ratcliffe Annie , Riley Philip , Rostron Heather , Sen Ethan S , Hedrich Christian M , Beresford Michael W , MD Smith Eve 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To validate novel childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) T2T targets including Childhood Lupus Low Disease Activity State (cLLDAS), cSLE Clinical Remission on steroids (cCR), and cSLE Clinical Remission off steroids (cCR-0), as compared with adult-onset SLE (aSLE) targets.

Methods
Attainment of the aforementioned cSLE-specific and aSLE-specific targets (LLDAS, DORIS 2021 Remission) was assessed at each visit, in UK JSLE Cohort Study patients. Univariable and multivariable Prentice-Williams-Peterson (PWP) gap-time models investigated the impact of target attainment on new damage and severe flare.

Results
The cohort included 430 cSLE patients. Attainability was comparable between corresponding cSLE and aSLE targets. Achieving cLLDAS (HR 0.18 [0.14, 0.23]), cCR (HR 0.18 [0.13, 0.23]) and cCR-0 (HR 0.17 [0.13, 0.23]) reduced the risk of severe flare (all p &lt; 0.001). Risk of new damage was reduced in those reaching cLLDAS (HR 0.22 [0.11, 0.44]), cCR (HR 0.25 [0.13, 0.49]) and cCR-0 (HR 0.30 [0.15, 0.60]) (all p &lt; 0.001). Inappropriate attainment of LLDAS and DORIS remission occurred at 35 and 52 visits, respectively, in younger (median age 7.3 and 8.8 years) and lighter patients (median weight 26.8 and 37.1 kg) whilst on prednisolone doses that precluded cSLE target attainment (median 0.17 [IQR 0.16–0.24] and 0.13 [IQR 0.11–0.16] mg/kg respectively).

Conclusions
This study validates novel paediatric-specific targets, demonstrating that achieving cLLDAS, cCR, and cCR-0 reduce risks of new damage and severe flare, which is comparable to aSLE targets. Using cSLE-specific targets prevents misclassification of disease activity in paediatric patients, enabling more accurate disease control assessments in younger, lighter patients.
Real-life affective forecasting in young adults with high social anhedonia: An experience sampling study
Authors: Zhang Rui-ting , Gao Yan , Yang Tian-xiao , Yan Chao , Wang Ya , Lui Simon S Y , Chan Raymond C K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
Affective forecasting (AF), the ability to forecast emotional responses for future events, is critical for optimal decision-making and mental health. Most previous AF studies were conducted using laboratory-based tasks, but overlooked the impacts of real-life situations and social interactions. This study used the experience sampling method to examine real-life AF in young healthy adults and individuals with high social anhedonia.

Study design
In Study 1, 109 young healthy adults reported anticipated and experienced emotions of personal events for 30 days on mobile phones. In Study 2, we examined real-life AF in 28 individuals with high social anhedonia (HSA) and 32 individuals with low social anhedonia (LSA).

Study results
In Study 1 (totaling 8031 real-life events), participants anticipated and experienced social events as more positive and more arousing than non-social events, but also with larger AF discrepancy. In Study 2 (totaling 2066 real-life events), compared with the LSA group, the HSA group anticipated less pleasure and displayed larger valence discrepancy especially for social but not for non-social events. However, the HSA group reported less experienced pleasure for both social and non-social events.

Conclusions
Using an ecological method for assessing real-life AF, we extended the previous laboratory-based findings to real-life situations. These findings demonstrate the effects of sociality on real-life AF and elucidated the deficit in anticipating social pleasure among HSA individuals, which reflects liability to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Altered AF may be potential intervention target in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Punitive Inertia: Anti-Blackness and the Policing of Motion
Authors: Tillman Korey 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Theories of the U.S. carceral state often treat anti-Blackness as the disproportionate suffering of Black individuals across a range of measures instead of a distinct form of racial oppression that needs investigation. This article examines how anti-Blackness shapes the formal and informal ways that Black individuals are policed in their everyday lives. Drawing on 23 interviews with adults who identify as Black across the United States, I find that their spatial trajectories are altered by mundane forms of policing that extend beyond the criminal legal system. I offer the term punitive inertia to capture how Black spatial trajectories are policed and resisted. In physics, inertia describes how an object resists a force attempting to change its spatial trajectory. Similarly, punitive inertia describes how policing—underpinned by a history of racial slavery and colonialism—is the force Black individuals resist in attempts to control their own spatial trajectories. I argue that Black bodies are moving through an anti-Black modernity generating incessant moments of punitive inertia that call into question our very notions of Human and the Social as coherent categories. I conclude with a call for scholars to contend with anti-Blackness in further examinations of policing.
How Japan’s COVID-19 vaccination policy shapes trust in governance: a relative deprivation approach
Authors: Sudo Naoki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines changes in the association between social policy performance and trust in government, focusing on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination policy implemented by Japan’s central government. Data from the Online Panel Survey of Stratification and Social Psychology (SSPW2021-Panel) were analyzed using two-way fixed effects regression models. The quadratic term of the COVID-19 vaccination rate at the prefecture level had statistically significant effects on the evaluation of the central government’s infection control policies and trust in the central government. This implies that the relative deprivation experienced by unvaccinated individuals weakened trust in the central government in the early stage, and the decline in the number of unvaccinated individuals strengthened trust in the central government in the latter stage. Thus, this paper finds that even if a social policy meets people’s demands, its implementation may temporally damage the government’s reputation through relative deprivation.
Comparison of pharmacological therapies in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis for fibrosis regression and MASH resolution: Systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Souza Matheus , Al-Sharif Lubna , Antunes Vanio L J. , Huang Daniel Q. , Loomba Rohit 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a leading cause of liver disease. With the advent of multiple therapeutic targets in late-phase clinical drug development for MASH, there is a knowledge gap to better understand the comparative efficacy of various pharmacological agents. We conducted an updated network meta-analysis to evaluate the relative rank-order of the different pharmacological agents for both fibrosis regression and MASH resolution.

Methods:
We searched PubMed and Embase databases from 2020 to December 1, 2024, for published randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pharmacological interventions in patients with biopsy-proven MASH. The co-primary endpoints were fibrosis improvement ≥1 stage without MASH worsening and MASH resolution without worsening fibrosis. We conducted surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve analysis.

Results:
A total of 29 RCTs (n=9324) were included. Pegozafermin, cilofexor + firsocostat, denifanstat, survodutide, obeticholic acid, tirzepatide, resmetirom, and semaglutide were significantly better than placebo in achieving fibrosis regression without worsening MASH. Pegozafermin (SUCRA: 79.92), cilofexor + firsocostat (SUCRA: 71.38), and cilofexor + selonsertib (SUCRA: 69.11) were ranked the most effective interventions. Pegozafermin, survodutide, tirzepatide, efruxifermin, liraglutide, vitamin E + pioglitazone, resmetirom, semaglutide, pioglitazone, denifanstat, semaglutide and lanifibranor were significantly better than placebo in achieving MASH resolution without worsening fibrosis. Pegozafermin (SUCRA: 91.75), survodutide (SUCRA: 90.87), and tirzepatide (SUCRA: 84.70) were ranked the most effective interventions for achieving MASH resolution without worsening fibrosis.

Conclusion:
This study provides updated rank-order efficacy of MASH pharmacological therapies for fibrosis regression and MASH resolution. These data are helpful to inform practice and clinical trial design.
Endophthalmitis Following Delayed Gore-Tex Suture Rotation: A Lesson in Suture Management
Authors: Karadaghy Amin A. , Singh Ajay 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To highlight occurrence and management of an important surgical complication.

Methods:
Retrospective case review.

Results:
A 35-year-old Caucasian female with a history of crystalline lens dislocation secondary to Marfan Syndrome was referred for management of chronically exposed Gore-Tex suture knots following AKREOS 4-point fixation six years prior. The initial surgery was reportedly complicated by hypotony leading to multiple attempted wound revisions. Ultimately, the patient remained with chronically exposed suture knots. Upon referral to our practice, the knots of the left eye were rotated into the eye, leading to endophthalmitis refractory to two rounds of intravitreal antibiotics. Infection was controlled only after removal of all preexisting hardware, suggesting colonization of the suture material. In the other eye, the decision was made to remove all preexisting sutures and re-fixate the initial lens using new suture. The patient achieved 20/20 vision in both eyes with implantation of a new secondary IOL in one eye and with removal of all preexisting sutures in the other eye.

Conclusion:
This report highlights a case of endophthalmitis following delayed rotation of exposed suture. Based on the outcome of this case, the importance of avoiding suture exposure is highlighted, and options to manage chronically exposed suture are discussed.
Evaluating the Protective Effects of a Dispersive Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device Versus Balanced Salt Solution on the Cornea During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Hanson Justin , Khorrami Roxana , Kanamoto Kellie , Strawbridge Jason , Miller Kevin M. , Lin Shawn R. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
To compare intraoperative and postoperative effects of applying a viscosurgical device versus balanced salt solution (BSS) during cataract surgery.

Methods:
Single-center retrospective case–control pilot study. Reviewed 27 patients who received Viscoat (Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Fort Worth, TX) or BSS on the cornea during uncomplicated cataract surgery. Surgeries were analyzed for time when the microscope light reflection was indistinct on the cornea while instruments were in the eye. Postoperative data included patient pain ratings, National Eye Institute score, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores.

Results:
Compared with BSS, Viscoat application resulted in a significant increase in time with a clear light reflex during surgery (P<0.001). With BSS, average time without a clear light reflex while instruments were in the eye was 82.69±50.14 sec, or 17.56%±12.00% of the surgery, compared with 0% with Viscoat. There was no significant difference in postoperative pain and National Eye Institute score between groups. However, OSDI score two about grittiness was significantly lower with Viscoat application (P=0.01) and approaching significance for OSDI score three, about painful or sore eyes (P=0.09).

Conclusions:
Viscoat provided greater optical clarity during surgery with a single application and was associated with less sensation of grittiness compared with BSS.
Long-Term Study of Biomechanics and Associated Factors of Lenticule Intrastromal Keratoplasty for the Correction of Hyperopia
Authors: Han Xiaosong , Li Meiyan , Xia Fei , Sun Ling , Shen Yang , Xu Haipeng , Lin Feng , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To investigate long-term corneal biomechanical changes and influencing factors of lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (LIKE) in the treatment of hyperopia.

Methods:
9 eyes of 9 patients with a mean age of 34.00 ± 9.34 years were included. Full-scale examinations were conducted on all patients preoperatively and during 2 years of follow-ups. Topographical and biomechanical parameters were evaluated with Pentacam and Corvis ST preoperatively and during all follow-up visits.

Results:
All surgeries were uneventful without complications. The safety index was 1.27 ± 0.64 and the efficacy index was 0.96 ± 0.62 at the last follow-up. The central corneal thickness (CCT) (P < 0.05*) and the thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) (P < 0.05*) significantly increased 2 years postoperatively while the Ambrosio relational thickness horizontal (ARTh) (P < 0.05*) and the Corvis biomechanical index (CBI) (P < 0.05*) decreased. The deformation amplitude ratio (DA ratio), the stiffness parameter at the first applanation (SP-A1), the stress–strain index, and the posterior elevation (PE) remained stable 2 years after LIKE. The DA ratio was negatively correlated with the CCT and the TCT (r = −0.54, P = 0.019*; r = −0.59, P = 0.009*) while the SP-A1 was positively correlated with the CCT and the TCT (r = 0.84, P < 0.001*; r = 0.87, P < 0.001*). The ARTh was positively correlated with the TCT (r = 0.47, P = 0.049*), and the CBI was positively correlated with the PE (r = 0.63, P = 0.005*).

Conclusions:
LIKE for the correction of hyperopia is safe and effective in the long term. The PE remained stable and the CBI improved 2 years postoperatively.