bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolite profiling and antioxidant capacity of natural Ophiocordyceps gracilis and its cultures using LC‐MS/MS‐based metabolomics: Comparison with Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Wang Yue , Tong Lingling , Yang Linhui , Ren Bo , Guo Dongsheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionOphiocordyceps gracilis is an entomopathogenic fungus and a precious traditional Chinese medicine with similar medicinal properties to Ophiocordyceps sinensis. However, information on the metabolite profiles of natural O. gracilis and its cultures is lacking, which limits their utilization.ObjectiveThe metabolic variations and antioxidant activities of O. gracilis cultures and natural O. gracilis were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal value of O. gracilis and its cultures.MethodThe metabolite profiles of O. gracilis cultures (fruiting bodies and aerial mycelia), natural O. gracilis, and natural O. sinensis were compared by LC‐MS/MS coupled with multivariate data analysis. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were evaluated based on their DPPH•, ABTS•+, and •OH scavenging abilities.ResultsA total of 612 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic compositions of the four Cordyceps samples were similar, with differences observed in the levels of some metabolites. There were 126 differential metabolites between natural O. gracilis and natural O. sinensis, among which fatty acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites are predominant in natural O. gracilis. Furthermore, 116 differential metabolites between O. gracilis cultures and natural Cordyceps were identified, with generally higher levels in O. gracilis cultures than in natural Cordyceps. O. gracilis cultivated fruiting bodies exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity among Cordyceps samples. Additionally, 46 primary and 24 secondary differential metabolites contribute to antioxidant activities.ConclusionThis study provides a reference for the application of natural O. gracilis and its cultures in functional food and medicine from the perspective of metabolites and antioxidant capacity.
A novel method of fabricating multi‐material acetabular liner using fused filament fabrication
Authors: Sofia J. , Ethiraj N. , Nikolova M. P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) involves the replacement of damaged or worn‐out hip components with artificial implants. Frequently revision surgeries were performed due to the failure of the implant. The liners are the ones that are replaced in the majority of the revision surgeries. Researchers are constantly finding different materials to overcome the difficulties being faced. The acetabular liners are fabricated by compression molding and milling using single materials such as Polyethylene, Polyether–ether–ketone (PEEK), and recently Ultra‐High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), and so forth. Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) being biocompatible and cheaper than UHMWPE is employed in the research. The biodegradable nature of PLA is countered by introducing a nonbiodegradable yet biocompatible High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS). This research attempts to propose and fabricate a novel design of the liner with PLA sandwiched between HIPS by fused filament fabrication, the widely used additive manufacturing technique. The dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the liners are measured and compared with single‐material liners. The multi‐material liner demonstrated superior dimensional accuracy compared to PLA liner and also exhibiting a smoother surface finish. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis is conducted to determine the capability of printing and also the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images are used for supporting the results.Highlights
Novel design of Acetabular Liner.
Use of additive manufacturing for fabrication of implant parts.
More than one material used to reap benefits from the two materials used.
Measurement of dimensional accuracy, surface roughness of multi‐material liner.
Comparison of single and multi‐material liner.
Optical modeling and characterization of bifacial SiNx/AlOx dielectric layers for surface passivation and antireflection in PERC
Authors: Tahir Sofia , Saeed Rabia , Ashfaq Arslan , Ali Adnan , Mehmood Khalid , Almousa Nouf , Shokralla Elsammani Ali , Macadangdang Romulo R. , Soeriyadi Anastasia H. , Bonilla Ruy Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this research, we analyzed the impact that the optical characteristics of dielectric surface passivation and antireflection coating schemes have on the performance of passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) silicon solar cells. We employed wafer ray tracer (WRT) and automate for simulation of heterostructure (AFORS‐HET) simulations, as well as experimental characterization of fabricated thin film coatings. We investigated three distinct front surface morphologies: planar surface, upright pyramids, and inverted pyramids. Using WRT, we calculated the photogeneration current densities (JG) for PERC devices with three schemes: (i) SiNx/AlOx as antireflection coating and passivation stacks on both the front and rear sides, (ii) SiNx antireflection coating on the front side and AlOx passivation layer on the rear side, and (iii) SiNx/AlOx as antireflection coating and passivation stacks on the front side with an AlOx passivation layer on the rear side. Following simulation with optimal JG, two schemes are experimentally evaluated: PECVD SiNx (70 nm) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) AlOx (15 and 25 nm). We confirmed the growth effects and optical properties using X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, effective lifetime, and refractive index measurements. The most favorable electrical properties were obtained with SiNx (70 nm, front) and AlOx (25 nm, front and rear), where the AlOx can be deposited via ALD bifacially on a single step, minimizing processing while maintaining passivation performance. Finally, we used AFORS‐HET to simulate the maximum performance of PERC bearing such films. The results showed a Voc = 0.688 V, Jsc = 41.42 mA/cm2, FF = 84%, and packing conversion efficiency (PCE) = 24.12% as the optimal solar cell performance values.
Foreign‐educated academics: Assessing teaching quality and exploring teaching‐related challenges
Authors: Ahmad Aziz , Abid Nisar , Azeem Asmaa , Sikandar Fatima , Bashir Rukhsana , Aslam Sarfraz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReturned academics who have doctoral education abroad, a fast‐growing group in developing countries, are seen favorably in producing quality academic outcomes. However, academic performance and barriers are also important to learning mobility benefits and ensuring optimal outcomes motivated by the absence of research in the native context. The explanatory sequential embedded mixed‐methods study aimed to evaluate the teaching quality of returned doctorates compared with their local compatriots and explore teaching‐related challenges at public sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan. A multilevel sequential mixed‐methods sampling design was used to select 814 students and six academics from the six universities (three top and three medium‐ranked higher education institution) of central Punjab. The researchers developed two research instruments: (a) Student Evaluation of Teaching Quality Scale (SETQS) and (b) Semi‐Structured Interviews Protocol for Returnees (SSIP‐R). The psychometric properties of quantitative measure (SETQS) were ensured through factor analysis, while an expert panel review validated the qualitative measure (SSIP‐R). Inferential statistics were applied to quantitative data, while a thematic analysis technique was applied to qualitative data to find complementarity among results. The findings revealed that returnees and non‐returnees were similar in a few teaching aspects. However, returnees performed relatively better in interpersonal behavior, subject mastery, instruction, and learning resources. Teaching performance differed slightly by discipline and largely by university ranking. Further, returnees' capacity to perform was impacted by various academic challenges. Explored challenges and relevant solutions correspond to Bronfenbrenner system theory's microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels. Higher education authorities and universities need to address academic challenges. In turn, this may lead to smooth, professional reintegration of the returnees into the local system, leading to enhanced teaching performance.
Optimal cold storage protocol for Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a biological control agent for coleopteran pests in stored products
Authors: Yang Jia‐Peng , Zhang Yue , Yu Fang , Yang Hong , Liu Tong‐Xian , Zhang Xiao‐Min , Hu Da‐Ming , Wang Yan , Dai Ren‐Huai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) is a solitary ectoparasitoid with wide‐ranging potential applications as a natural biological control agent against various coleopterous pests in food warehouses. Implementing an effective cold storage program is crucial for extending the shelf life of biological control agents and ensuring their stable and abundant supply. Herein, we attempted to determine the optimal cold storage conditions for Anisopteromalus calandrae by investigating the effect of cold storage at three different temperatures (7, 13, and 19 °C) for 7, 21, and 35 days on four developmental stages (late‐instar larvae, early‐stage pupae, mid‐stage pupae, and 2‐day‐old adults). Additionally, we explored the maximum cold storage potential by observing early‐stage pupae stored at 13 °C for various durations (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days).RESULTSThe most suitable cold storage temperature for the early‐stage pupae of Anisopteromalus calandrae was 13 °C, and the highest adult emergence rate (98.3%) was after 90 days of storage at 13 °C. Furthermore, we did not find any significant effect on longevity (female: 44.3 days; male: 38.1 days) or fecundity (121.7 wasps). The female ratio ranged from 43.5% to 50.8%. More importantly, cold storage did not adversely affect the developmental duration or fecundity of the offspring.CONCLUSIONThis study offers crucial insights for managing Anisopteromalus calandrae populations under laboratory conditions and lays the foundation for potential industrial production and development. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Physical activity and stress among college students at a large US university during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: DeYoung Wendy , Schulte Becca , Li Kaigang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown in March 2020, reports indicate reduced physical activity (PA), increased sitting time (ST), and higher stress in various groups. It remains uncertain if these patterns persist in college students. This study aimed to discover trends in vigorous PA (VPA), moderate PA (MPA), light PA (LPA), ST, and stress among college students from 2020 to early 2022, spanning 2 years.MethodsUsing a repeated cross‐sectional design, this study involved three online surveys in Summer and Fall 2020, and Winter 2021, respectively. Participants recalled pre‐COVID‐19 information in the first two periods and reported current information during COVID in all three periods, outlining four time points: Before‐COVID and During‐COVID times 1, 2, and 3.ResultsThis study included 2163 students from a large Western university. All types of PA decreased from the start of the pandemic to late 2021; however, increases toward pre‐pandemic levels in MPA and LPA were found in early 2022. Also, activity shifted from VPA to MPA and LPA. Although ST and perceived stress (PS) surged in the pandemic's first year, they began decreasing toward pre‐COVID levels in early 2022.ConclusionThe study indicates a decline in PA during the peak of the pandemic, followed by a recent return to almost pre‐COVID levels. Additionally, elevated ST and PS in early pandemic have reduced by the third year. As society begins to live with a new COVID‐normal, there must be adaptations to maintain PA and promote mental well‐being.
An examination of an adapted Project ECHO model series during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Idaho
Authors: Moore Jonathan D. , de Leon Gonzalez Julio , Casanova Madeline P. , Rodgers Kathleen , Baker Russell T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionIdaho is a medically underserved and rural state comprised mostly health professional shortage areas for primary and specialty care. Given the state shortages and barriers to access care, the testing and treatment of COVID‐19 may be improved through the implementation of telementoring education programs such as Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO). The purpose of this article was to assess session attendance and self‐reported healthcare clinician perceptions of the ECHO Idaho COVID‐19 series (2020 and 2021), a modified Project ECHO model provided during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Idaho.MethodsECHO Idaho developed a COVID‐19 ECHO series for healthcare providers to attend in 2020 and 2021. The sessions included COVID‐19 updates specific to Idaho, didactic presentations on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evidence‐based treatments for COVID‐19, and case‐based presentations.ResultsA total of 664 individuals attended the 2020 series and 260 individuals attended the 2021 series, with 1752.5 continuing medical education hours being claimed. Participants reported series participation increased overall knowledge of COVID‐19, knowledge of best practices for treatment, and awareness of resources available in Idaho. Further, series participation was perceived to reduce feelings of isolation, enhance access to information, and support healthcare professionals (e.g., provided resources) during the pandemic.ConclusionResults of this evaluation indicate that the ECHO Idaho COVID‐19 series was a useful and valuable program to implement during a pandemic in a rural and frontier state to improve physician knowledge and specialty training.
Sterically regulated halogen‐free bifunctional ionic liquids for catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Zhang Heming , Meng Chan , Su Qian , Dong Li , Liu Wen , Wang Xiaokang , Li Yunong , Cheng Weiguo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the cycloaddition reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with epoxides, halogen catalysts lead to halogen loss and environmental pollution. It is necessary to design efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts. A series of halogen‐free phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) regulated by steric hindrance were designed and synthesized. It is further used as effective catalysts for the catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. The effect of different catalyst structures on catalytic activity has been investigated. Amino group has been shown to contribute to increased activity, and its location determines the degree of increased activity. Among them, [Bu4P]2[5‐AMP] with meta‐substitution showed the best catalytic activity, the conversion of propylene oxide (PO) was 96 % at the optimum conditions of 120 °C, 2 MPa and 3 h. Based on characterization analysis and DFT calculations, the interaction of ILs with CO2 and PO were revealed. Finally, a plausible synergistic catalytic mechanism was proposed. The halogen‐free, metal‐free phosphonium ILs proposed in this paper provide a new insight on catalyst design and CO2 utilization.
Pt/C‐catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes to N‐arylhydroxylamines under Mild Conditions
Authors: Chen Mengting , Zhang Meihua , Liu Xiaoshuang , Liu Yingxin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of N‐arylhydroxylamines through the in‐situ hydrogenation of nitroarenes over commercial Pt/C catalyst was investigated. The effects of various reaction conditions including hydrogen donor, solvent, catalyst dosage, temperature and reaction time on the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB) to N‐phenylhydroxylamine (PHA) were systematically investigated. The results showed that the yield of N‐phenylhydroxylamine reached 87.2 % using hydrazine hydrate as hydrogen donor in N,N‐dimethylformamide solvent at 30 °C for 60 min. And the catalyst showed no obvious activity loss after a 6‐times recycle. Meanwhile, the developed methodology can also transform a range of nitroarenes to the corresponding N‐arylhydroxylamines in excellent yields (74–99 %).
Recent Advances in the Decarboxylative Strategy of Coumarin‐3‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Patel Dixita J. , Patel Parth P. , Chikhalia Kishor H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoumarin is a highly proficient scaffold with great effectiveness which uplifts emerging chemists to create coumarin derivatives using cutting‐edge synthetic techniques. However, severe reaction conditions are required to develop substituted coumarin analogous. Notably, the carboxylic acid group in coumarin has emerged as a flexible functionality facilitating the construction of coumarin‐containing building blocks, emphasizing the decarboxylative strategy. Use of the decarboxylative technique has tremendously increased, due to its ability to increase the reactivity of the substrate. Moreover, it is the most extensively investigated synthetic strategy incorporating various functionalities in coumarin nuclei. This review discusses the decarboxylative strategies for creating C‐3 and C‐4 substituted coumarin derivatives. It emphasizes various interactions, including catalyst‐based, catalyst‐free, Michael addition, cyclo addition, three components, oxidative, and photocatalytic system involving the decarboxylation process.
Recent Advances in Photothermal Therapy at Near‐Infrared‐II Based on 2D MXenes
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Yisen , Li Yang , Zhang Chenchu , Fang Guangyou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of photothermal therapy (PTT) with the near‐infrared II region (NIR‐II: 1000–1700 nm) is expected to be a powerful cancer treatment strategy. It retains the noninvasive nature and excellent temporal and spatial controllability of the traditional PTT, and offers significant advantages in terms of tissue penetration depth, background noise, and the maximum permissible exposure standards for skin. MXenes, transition‐metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides are emerging inorganic nanomaterials with natural biocompatibility, wide spectral absorption, and a high photothermal conversion efficiency. The PTT of MXenes in the NIR‐II region not only provides a valuable reference for exploring photothermal agents that respond to NIR‐II in 2D inorganic nanomaterials, but also be considered as a promising biomedical therapy. First, the synthesis methods of 2D MXenes are briefly summarized, and the laser light source, mechanism of photothermal conversion, and evaluation criteria of photothermal performance are introduced. Second, the latest progress of PTT based on 2D MXenes in NIR‐II are reviewed, including titanium carbide (Ti3C2), niobium carbide (Nb2C), and molybdenum carbide (Mo2C). Finally, the main problems in the PTT application of 2D MXenes to NIR‐II and future research directions are discussed.
Synergistic Modulation of Mass Transfer and Parasitic Reactions of Zn Metal Anode via Bioinspired Artificial Protection Layer
Authors: Gou Qianzhi , Chen Zhaoyu , Luo Haoran , Deng Jiangbin , Zhang Ben , Xu Nuo , Cui Junyi , Zheng Yujie , Li Meng , Li Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc–ion batteries are regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their attractive economic benefits and extraordinary electrochemical performance. However, the sluggish Zn2+ mass transfer behavior and water‐induced parasitic reactions that occurred on the anode–electrode interface inevitably restrain their applications. Herein, inspired by the selective permeability and superior stability of plasma membrane, a thin UiO‐66 metal‐organic framework layer with smart aperture size is ex‐situ decorated onto the Zn anode. Experimental characterizations in conjunction with theoretical calculations demonstrate that this bio‐inspired layer promotes the de‐solvation process of hydrated Zn2+ and reduces the effective contact between the anode and H2O molecules, thereby boosting Zn2+ deposition kinetics and restraining interfacial parasitic reactions. Hence, the Zn||Zn cells could sustain a long lifespan of 1680 h and the Zn||Cu cells yielded a stable coulombic efficiency of over 99.3% throughout 600 cycles under the assistance of the bio‐inspired layer. Moreover, pairing with δ‐MnO2 cathode, the full cells also demonstrate prominent cycling stability and rate performance. From the bio‐inspired design philosophy, this work provides a novel insight into the development of aqueous batteries.
Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells via Suppressing Autoxidation in Inert Atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Bin , Liu Lang , Zhou Jianheng , Ma Xue , Wang Ning 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe unsatisfactory power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability of tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) restrict its further development as alternatives to lead perovskite solar cells (LPSCs). Considerable research has focused on the negative impacts of O2 and H2O, while discussions about degradation mechanism in an inert atmosphere remains insufficient. Herein, the light‐induced autoxidation of tin perovskite in nitrogen atmosphere is revealed for the first time and the elastic lattice distortion is demonstrated as the crucial role of rapid degradation. The continuous injection of photons induces energy transfer from excited A‐site cations to vibrating Sn–I framework, leading to the elastic deformation of perovskite lattice. Consequently, the over distorted Sn–I framework releases free iodine and further oxidizes Sn2+ in the form of molecular iodine. Through an appropriately designed light–dark cyclic test, a remarkable PCE of 14.41% is achieved based on (Cs0.025(MA0.25FA0.75)0.975) 0.98EDA0.01SnI3 solar cells, which is the record of hybrid triple TPSCs so far. The findings unveil autoxidation as the crux of TPSCs’ degradation in an inert atmosphere and suggest the possibility of reinforcing the tin perovskite lattice towards highly efficient and stable TPSCs.
Mobility Hubs, an Innovative Concept for Sustainable Urban Mobility?
Authors: Hachette Maxime , L’Hostis Alain 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMobility hubs bring together, connect and provide users with several modes of transport. Cities adopt them to help reach many objectives simultaneously, mainly the reduction of air pollution, congestion, and car ownership. Each mobility hub is unique, but many of them have similar characteristics that allow them to be classified. Various typologies exist. Although the mobility hub concept is flexible, the implementation of a mobility hub adapted to the needs and objectives can sometimes be complicated, as it requires many steps and may face difficulties at each step. Despite the simplicity of the mobility hub concept. They seem to be an interesting, complex, and challenging topic to investigate. As part of the Interreg Mobi-Mix project, we have taken a close look at mobility hubs. Based on bibliographic research and discussions with experts and cities, we established a state of the art that will help to better understand the concept. Without focusing on economic aspects, cities will benefit from different European experiences and a number of recommendations for a better implementation of mobility hubs.