bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity, inflammation, and depression in adolescents
Authors: McLachlan Caleb , Shelton Richard , Li Li 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe prevalence of depression and obesity among adolescents has markedly increased over the last few decades. A bidirectional relationship has been proposed between depression and obesity in adolescence, but it remains poorly understood. Inflammation is a phenomenon that has been implicated in both disorders. Thus, a cross-sectional study was designed to investigate inflammation as a factor in the association between obesity and depression. The goal of this study is to better understand the interplay between these two disorders.MethodsThe study sample consisted of female and male, black and white adolescents aged 15–18 years. Participants were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Depression severity was determined using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS). Participants completed the Childhood Trust Events Survey (CTES) and received an Early Life Stress (ELS) score based on the survey results. Those with a score of ≥4 were placed in the ELS group and those with a score ≤ 3 were placed in the non-ELS group. Anthropometric measures and a Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan were performed for body composition. Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory factors.ResultsAdolescents with MDD (n = 47) had significantly elevated body mass index (BMI) percentiles compared to the controls (n = 47) (77.11 ± 3.58 vs. 59.63 ± 4.40), and increased adiposity measures, including total fat (p = 0.016), trunk fat (p = 0.016), and trunk/total fat ratio (p = 0.021). Levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, leptin, and adiponectin varied significantly between the MDD and control groups, however, significance was not retained when BMI percentile and ELS score were controlled. There was a significant and positive relationship between QIDS and multiple measures of adiposity such as BMI percentile, visceral abdominal tissue, and trunk/total ratio. Depression severity was best predicted by ELS score, visceral adipose tissue, and adiponectin level.ConclusionAdolescents with MDD had increased levels of inflammatory factors and many measures of adiposity. Thus, the treatment of adolescent depression should include a focus on managing body composition and reducing chronic inflammation to potentially improve treatment outcomes.
Factors and interventions determining the functioning of health care teams in county-level hospitals in less affluent areas of China: a qualitative study
Authors: Wang Hujie , van Wijngaarden Jeroen , Buljac-Samardzic Martina , van de Klundert Joris 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundTeamwork is essential for the quality and safety of care, and research on teamwork in health care has developed rapidly in many countries. However, evidence from less affluent, non-Western countries is scarce, while improving teamwork may be especially relevant to be able to increase the quality of care in these settings. This study aims to understand the main factors that influence, and interventions used to improve, the functioning of health care teams in the context of county-level hospitals in less affluent areas of China.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews to explore the factors that influence team functioning and the interventions implemented to improve team functioning in these hospitals. 15 hospital presidents and 15 team leaders were selected as respondents.ResultsFrom the interviews, we have identified five main factors that influence team functioning in these hospitals: “stuck in the middle”, local county setting, difficulty in attracting and retaining talent, strong focus on task design, and strong focus on leadership. The interventions for improving team functioning can mostly be categorized as the following: 1) measures to attract and retain talent (e.g., increase salary, train talent in national or provincial level hospitals, and provide fast-track promotions), 2) interventions focused on monodisciplinary teams (e.g., changing the team structure and leadership, and skill training), and 3) interventions to establish and improve multidisciplinary teams (e.g., simulation training and continuous team process improvements).ConclusionWith the introduction of multidisciplinary teams, interventions into team processes have started to receive more attention. The findings depict an overview of the main factors and interventions as specifically relevant for team functioning in county-level hospitals in less affluent areas of China and may help these hospitals benefit from additional process interventions to improve teamwork and the quality of care.
Development and validation of assessment instrument for the perception and attitude toward tuberculosis among the general population in Indonesia: a Rasch analysis of psychometric properties
Authors: Pitaloka Dian Ayu Eka , Kusuma Ikhwan Yuda , Pratiwi Hening , Pradipta Ivan Surya 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB)-related knowledge is an important evaluation metric for health education interventions. Factor analysis is limited when used on ordinal scales and does not provide in-depth item function examinations, whereas Rasch analysis addresses these limitations and offers potential advantages such as generalizability, testing of unidimensionality, producing an ordered set of items, and identifying poorly functioning items. Therefore, this research aims to develop a reliable and valid measure of perception and attitude toward TB (PATT) for public application use Rasch Analysis.MethodsA questionnaire-based survey was conducted on the Indonesian general population using the Google Form platform. Rasch analysis was then employed to examine the psychometric properties and develop the final items of PATT.ResultsExperts from across the TB community participated in the PATT development, producing an initial scale of 16 items. Up to 1,616 participants completed the PATT questionnaire, where 74.8% were female, and 5% had a TB history. The final unidimensional 16-item scale has an item reliability of 1.00 for the two components (perception and attitude), a person reliability index of 0.87 and 0.60, as well as a Cronbach’s test reliability of 0.88 and 0.88 for perception and attitude, respectively.ConclusionThe PATT is a unidimensional scale with good construct validity and internal consistency. It has the potential to be useful for the assessment of TB perception and attitude in research and clinical practice.
Internet addiction and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students: the mediating role of psychotic-like experiences
Authors: Kang Meng , Xu Bingna , Chen Chunping , Wang Dongfang 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundIndividuals with Internet addiction (IA) are at significant risk of suicide-related behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among IA, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), and suicidal ideation (SI) among college students.MethodsA total of 5,366 college students (34.4% male, mean age 20.02 years) were assessed using the self-compiled sociodemographic questionnaires, Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), 15-item Positive subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P15), Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS), and 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2).ResultsThe prevalence of IA and SI were 9.3 and 12.1% among Chinese college students, respectively. There were direct effects of IA and PLEs on SI. The total effect of IA on SI was 0.18 (p &lt; 0.001). PLEs mediated the relationship between IA and SI (Indirect effect = 0.07).ConclusionIA had both direct and indirect effects on SI. These findings enable us to elucidate the mechanism of how IA influences individual SI, which can provide vital information for developing and implementing targeted interventions and strategies to alleviate SI among Chinese college students.
Quantitative myelin water imaging using short TR adiabatic inversion recovery prepared echo-planar imaging (STAIR-EPI) sequence
Authors: Shaterian Mohammadi Hamidreza , Moazamian Dina , Athertya Jiyo S. , Shin Soo Hyun , Lo James , Suprana Arya , Malhi Bhavsimran S. , Ma Yajun 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionNumerous techniques for myelin water imaging (MWI) have been devised to specifically assess alterations in myelin. The biomarker employed to measure changes in myelin content is known as the myelin water fraction (MWF). The short TR adiabatic inversion recovery (STAIR) sequence has recently been identified as a highly effective method for calculating MWF. The purpose of this study is to develop a new clinical transitional myelin water imaging (MWI) technique that combines STAIR preparation and echo-planar imaging (EPI) (STAIR-EPI) sequence for data acquisition.MethodsMyelin water (MW) in the brain has shorter T1 and T2 relaxation times than intracellular and extracellular water. In the proposed STAIR-EPI sequence, a short TR (e.g., ≤300 ms) together with an optimized inversion time enable robust long T1 water suppression with a wide range of T1 values [i.e., (600, 2,000) ms]. The EPI allows fast data acquisition of the remaining MW signals. Seven healthy volunteers and seven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were recruited and scanned in this study. The apparent myelin water fraction (aMWF), defined as the signal ratio of MW to total water, was measured in the lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in MS patients and compared with those measured in the normal white matter (NWM) in healthy volunteers.ResultsAs seen in the STAIR-EPI images acquired from MS patients, the MS lesions show lower signal intensities than NAWM do. The aMWF measurements for both MS lesions (3.6 ± 1.3%) and NAWM (8.6 ± 1.2%) in MS patients are significantly lower than NWM (10 ± 1.3%) in healthy volunteers (P &lt; 0.001).DiscussionThe proposed STAIR-EPI technique, which can be implemented in MRI scanners from all vendors, is able to detect myelin loss in both MS lesions and NAWM in MS patients.
Investigating heterogeneity across autism, ADHD, and typical development using measures of cortical thickness, surface area, cortical/subcortical volume, and structural covariance
Authors: Sadat-Nejad Younes , Vandewouw Marlee M. , Cardy R. , Lerch J. , Taylor M. J. , Iaboni A. , Hammill C. , Syed B. , Brian J. A. , Kelley E. , Ayub M. , Crosbie J. , Schachar R. , Georgiades S. , Nicolson R. , Anagnostou E. , Kushki A. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are multi-faceted neurodevelopmental conditions with limited biological markers. The clinical diagnoses of autism and ADHD are based on behavioural assessments and may not predict long-term outcomes or response to interventions and supports. To address this gap, data-driven methods can be used to discover groups of individuals with shared biological patterns.MethodsIn this study, we investigated measures derived from cortical/subcortical volume, surface area, cortical thickness, and structural covariance investigated of 565 participants with diagnoses of autism [n = 262, median(IQR) age = 12.2(5.9), 22% female], and ADHD [n = 171, median(IQR) age = 11.1(4.0), 21% female] as well neurotypical children [n = 132, median(IQR) age = 12.1(6.7), 43% female]. We integrated cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical/subcortical volume, with a measure of single-participant structural covariance using a graph neural network approach.ResultsOur findings suggest two large clusters, which differed in measures of adaptive functioning (χ2 = 7.8, P = 0.004), inattention (χ2 = 11.169, P &lt; 0.001), hyperactivity (χ2 = 18.44, P &lt; 0.001), IQ (χ2 = 9.24, P = 0.002), age (χ2 = 70.87, P &lt; 0.001), and sex (χ2 = 105.6, P &lt; 0.001).DiscussionThese clusters did not align with existing diagnostic labels, suggesting that brain structure is more likely to be associated with differences in adaptive functioning, IQ, and ADHD features.
Peran Moderasi Sumber Daya Kerja pada Hubungan Antara Stres Digital dengan Burnout
Authors: Puspita Debora Dwi , Zamralita  
Published: September 2023

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the work system changed to work from home. The existence of a new system has an impact on the way the work system. One of the impacts of work from home is excessive use of technology of work. Excessive use of technology has an impact on employees such as digital stress and over work. Digital stress experienced by employees can cause fatigue both physically and psychologically. Emotional exhaustion experienced by employees can cause burnout. There are three variables in this study, namely digital stress, burnout, and job resources. This study aims to see the effect of digital stress burnout on the moderation of job resources. This research uses quantitative methods, there are 102 participants in this research. This research uses convenience sampling. The measuring tools of this research are the digital stress scale, burnout assessment tools, and the job demands–resources questionnaire. The result of this study is that the level of digital stress (M=2,89) and burnout (M=2,10) are classified as low, and the level of job resources (M=4,03) is high. It was found that there is a significant correlation between digital stress with burnout, job resource with digital stress and burnout with job resources. Digital stress has correlation with burnout (r=0,509), digital stress has correlation with job resources (r=-0,265) and job resources has correlation with burnout (r=-0,388). In this study, job resources can't moderate digital stress to burnout.
Filling gaps in legislation to determine the amount of a judicial fine
Authors: Anoschenkova Svetlana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Introduction. Judicial fine is one of the latest innovations included by the legislator in Section VI of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation «Other Measures of Criminal Legal Nature». During the five years of its operation, the institution of the judicial fine, as part of the institution of exemption from criminal liability under Article 762 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, has demonstrated its viability; legal practice has shown the ever-increasing demand for this institution. One of the practical challenges is determining the amount of the judicial fine. Part of the reasons of this challenge include 1) the absence of a minimum threshold for the judicial fine in the criminal law; and 2) the unresolved issues of exemption from criminal liability with the imposition of a judicial fine on individuals who have committed a crime when they were minors. In this article, proposals are formulated for the legislator aimed at addressing this issue.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the normsof criminal, criminal procedure and penal legislation,as well as judicial practice review, with the goal of formulating proposals for determining the minimum threshold of judicial fines and calculation methods for judicial fines, including those for individuals exempt from criminal liability for crimes committed in their minor age.
Methods. In this work, both general scientific and specific scientific research methods have been utilised. Through the comparative legal method of research, the ways of calculating the amount of penalties in foreign and domestic criminal legislation were studied. The survey method made it possible to identify the opinions of scientists and practitioners regarding the issues of determining the amount of a judicial fines and methods of its calculation.
The results of the research and the rationale for novelty. The results obtained from the research have enabled the author to formulate proposals for amending the norms of the criminal law (Article 1045 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), which determine the amount and procedure for calculating judicial fines as a measure of criminal law nature. These proposals draw attention of practitioners to the provisions of the current criminal legislation, which requires taking into consideration a range of factors when imposing this criminal law measure.
Anthropological risks of digital support absolutisation of the educational process: concept and classification
Authors: Yarmak Kirill 
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Introduction. The relevance of the research is determined by the world tendency of widespread introduction of digital means and technologies in all spheres of human activity. The use of digital support of the educational process is aimed at increasing the level of accessibility of the education, but the absolutisation of digital support can lead to negative consequences.
The authors assume that the development of a general classification system of anthropological risks of digital support absolutisation will help to exclude or minimise their consequences when organising the educational process.
The aim of the research is to build a classification structure of the discussed pedagogical categories. In achieving this goal, the authors formulated such tasks as reviewing the terminological apparatus in the field of digital support of education, identifying criteria sufficient for attributing risks to a certain type, and dividing anthropological risks into certain classes according to their characteristics or features.
Methods. General theoretical methods were used in the present research: analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, deduction, abstraction, generalisation, concretisation, modelling.
Results. According to the results of the research, a number of key definitions within the specified issue were formulated. The general classification system of anthropological risks of digital support absolutisation of the educational process is developed. The conclusion is made concerning the need for further research in this area of study, as well as the development of the required competences of all subjects of the educational process to avoid absolutisation of digital support.
Assessment of the communicative qualities of the personality of students in educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in various specialisations
Authors: Zueva Evgenia , Zhidkova Olga 
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of communicative qualities of personality of students studying various specialisations in educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The peculiarities of professional communication of internal affairs officers are analysed. The purpose of the study is to identify the communicative qualities of personality of students of different specialisations.
The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the formation of the necessary professionally significant communicative qualities occurs at the initial stage of professional genesis. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of developing professionally significant psychological qualities of employees performing a particular type of activity in the system of internal affairs bodies. The study sample consisted of students of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Research methods. Diagnostic technique of the level of empathic abilities (V. V. Boyko), Diagnostics of communicative social competence (CSC), Diagnostics of communicative tolerance (V. V. Boyko), emotional intelligence test by D. V. Lucin (EmIn).
Results. The communicative qualities of personality studying at the 2nd year of study (1st semester of the 2nd year of study) at different specialisations were revealed. According to the obtained results, it is possible to conclude about the prevalence of communicative qualities of personality significant for a particular type of law enforcement activity already at the initial stage of professionalisation. Trainees in specialisations, which are characterised by interaction not only with fellow officers, but also with various categories of citizens, have a higher level of emotional stability, communicative tolerance and emotional intelligence. This is manifested in understanding and managing their own and others’ emotions. At the same time, a characteristic feature of students’ personality is a higher orientation to the opinion of surrounding people.
On the transformation of the life plans of convicts indetention facilities
Authors: Sorokoumova Svetlana , Rusakov Sergey , Ganishina Irina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of studying the transformation of the life plans of convicts in detention facilities and insufficient elaboration of the research topic in legal psychology. The purpose of the present research was to study the transformation of the life plans of convicts in detention facilities. The study was conducted on the basis of federal government institution “Correctional colony-5” of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ryazan region. The study engaged 64 male convicts serving their sentences in the strict regime prison colony. The average term for serving punishment by convicts was 4.5 years. The scientific problem is to identify the psychological characteristics of convicts who have negative and positive life plans.
Methods. In the course of the research the following methods were used: observation, conversation, questioning, personal records analysis, expert staff survey, and “Motivation for Success and Fear of Failure” technique (A. A. Rean).
During the expert staff survey, we identified the most significant external (environmental) conditions influencing the transformation of the life plans of convicts in detention facilities: 1) conditions and procedure for serving a criminal sentence; 2) micro- and macro-environment of convicts; 3) adaptation of convicts to the conditions of a correctional institution; 4) socially useful activities of convicts.
Results. By using “Motivation for Success and Fear of Failure” technique by A. A. Rean, it was established that the first group of convicts has negative motivation due to being placed in a correctional facility. Such convicts are characterized by increased anxiety, uncertainty in themselves and their own abilities. In this regard, we believe that convicts of the first group (the first two months in a correctional institution) need timely psycho-correctional work with their life plans.
The second group of convicts, compared to the first one has a clearly expressed tendency to be motivated to succeed, which is primarily due to the upcoming release from prison, and therefore they have a need to achieve constructive results.
Nonlinear propagation calculation-based irradiation process control for several mJ ultrashort pulse laser processing
Authors: Nishibata Itsuki , Sano Tomokazu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the realm of ultrashort pulse laser processing, surpassing the air ionization threshold, variations in focusing characteristics due to nonlinear optical phenomena pose challenges. Particularly, suitable irradiation conditions and position control methods for high pulse energy processing around 1 mJ remain unestablished. This study explores laser divergence phenomena in several mJ pulse energy range, examining both experimental and computational data. Quantitative demonstrations of laser focusing alterations, including divergence position and fluence, were achieved. Additionally, the dry laser peening effect was enhanced by energy-specific irradiation control. Numerical simulation-based visualization facilitates precise control, advancing the processing techniques.