bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycosylation and adhesiveness differentiate larval Ceratitis capitata tyrosinases
Authors: Charalambidis Nektarios D. , Bournazos Stavros N. , Zervas Christos G. , Katsoris Panagiotis G. , Marmaras Vassilis J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLarval Ceratitis capitata phenoloxidases (POs) from hemocytes, serum, integument, and fat body were analyzed. Two types of PO were recorded: the tyrosinase type found in hemocytes, serum, integument, and fat body and the laccase type found in integument. Tyrosinase from all larval tissues and integumental laccase as well, showed similarity in molecular weight (93 KDa), activation by Escherichia coli at 5 mM Ca2+, and reactivity to antibodies raised against serum tyrosinase. However, the enzymes differed with respect to their glycosylation and adhesiveness. The serum and integumental enzyme forms contain concanavalin A reacting material, whereas hemocyte and integumental tyrosinase(s) are adhesive. These differences in enzyme forms, although not influencing their substrate specificity, seem to give advantages to performing their function, i.e., the adhesive enzyme form facilitates the adherence to E. coli cell wall and hemocyte surface (unpublished data) while the glycosylated form facilitated the secretion into serum. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacological profile of octopamine and 5HT receptors on the lateral oviducts of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana
Authors: Bamji Shernaz X. , Orchard Ian 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe effects of the amines 5HT and octopamine on the myogenic activity of Periplaneta americana (L.) oviducts and the pharmacological profile of octopamine and 5HT receptors on the lateral oviducts have been determined. Application of 5HT to the oviducts resulted in a dose‐dependent increase in basal tonus and amplitude of contractions. Antagonist studies revealed that the 5HT receptor on the cockroach oviduct most resembles the mammalian 5HT2 receptor. Application of octopamine resulted in a decrease in basal tonus and had a biphasic effect on the amplitude of contractions, being stimulatory at low doses and inhibitory at higher ones. The inhibitory effects of octopamine appear to be mediated via cAMP and are blocked by antagonists which indicate that the octopamine receptor is of the octopamine‐2 type. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation, identification, and synthesis of Mas‐MG‐MT I, a novel peptide from the larval midgut of Manduca sexta (lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
Authors: Yi S.‐X. , Tirry L. , Bai C. , Devreese B. , van Beeumen J. , Degheele D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA five‐residue myotropic peptide, Manduca sexta midgut myotropin I (Mas‐MG‐MT I), was isolated from an extract of 800 midguts of fifth instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. It was purified by reverse phase and normal phase HPLC. Myotropic activity was screened by a heterologous Locusta migratoria oviduct bioassay. Sequence analysis, amino acid composition analysis, and comparison of candidate synthetic peptides in the amide and acid form revealed the following primary structure: Ala‐Glu‐Pro‐Tyr‐Thr‐NH2. This is the first fully identified peptide isolated directly from the midgut of an insect species. Few significant sequence homologies with known vertebrate and invertebrate peptides have been found. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenylglyoxal suppresses cationic lysine/K+ symport under alkaline conditions in brush border membrane vesicles from larval Manduca sexta midgut
Authors: Parthasarathy R. , Harvey William R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe arginine‐specific reagent, phenylglyoxal, decreases the initial rate of lysine/K+ symport (cotransport) as well as maximum lysine accumulation at pH 9.2, by brush border membrane vesicles obtained from the larval midgut of the lepidopteran, Manduca sexta. The symport of a neutral amino acid, leucine, remained unaffected. Following exposure to phenylglyoxal, the apparent dissociation constant for lysine increased by a factor of 2.5 whereas the maximum uptake rate decreased by a factor of 0.4. More than one arginine residue appears to react with phenylglyoxal. Apparently phenylgyoxal reacts preferentially with arginine residues on a symporter that is specific for positively charged lysine. Phenylglyoxal shows promise as a specific covalent label for the identification of a cationic amino acid symporter. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for an endogenous neurocidin in the Manduca sexta ventral nerve cord
Authors: Choi M. K. , Fahrbach S. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHalf of the neurons in the abdominal nervous system of the moth Manduca sexta die after adult eclosion. Two physiological signals regulate post‐eclosion neuronal death in adult moths. The first is endocrine: a decline in blood ecdysteroids is necessary for the death of neurons in the segmental ganglia. The second signal, which is highly specific for a pair of motoneurons found at the posterior midline in each of the three unfused abdominal ganglia, originates in the nervous system. It is transmitted from the fused pterothoracic ganglion to abdominal ganglion A3 via the intersegmental connectives. To characterize the signal of neural origin, we have developed an in vitro bioassay for neuron‐killing factors (“neurocidins”). Aqueous extracts of pterothoracic ganglia were prepared and applied to cultured ventral nerve cords. These extracts exhibited concentration‐dependent effectiveness in killing motoneurons. The active component of the extract was heat‐stable and protease‐sensitive. Size fractionation studies suggested that the active component has a molecular mass between 10 and 30 kD. This is the first report of an endogenous neuron‐killing protein from an insect nervous system. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Juvenile hormone binding components of locust fat body
Authors: Braun R. P. , Edwards G. C. , Yagi K. J. , Tobe S. S. , Wyatt G. R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractJuvenile hormone (JH) binding components from the fat body of the African migratory locust were analyzed in a search for a potential nuclear JH receptor. Biosynthetically prepared 10R[3H]JH III gave a high proportion of specific binding to isolated nuclei and extracted proteins; data obtained with the JH analogs, [3H]methoprene and [3H]pyriproxyfen, on the other hand, were obscured by abundant non‐specific binding. The vast majority of the high affinity JH III binding activity present in cytosolic and nuclear extracts was due to a high molecular weight JH binding protein (JHBP) which has previously been identified in locust hemolymph. This protein has several chromatographic forms which interfered in the search for a nuclear JH receptor. When specific antiserum was used to remove JHBP from nuclear extracts, a novel JH binding activity (NBP) was detected. NBP could be separated from JHBP by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. NBP displayed a high affinity for JH III (Kd = 0.25 nM) and JH I and JH II competed strongly for JH III binding, whereas methoprene and pyriproxyfen showed apparent competition when present in 1,000‐fold excess. NBP was present in nuclear extracts at approximately 25,000 sites per cell; levels were similar in male and female locusts and were not greatly affected by the presence or absence of JH. The characteristics of NPB make it a strong candidate for a nuclear JH receptor. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro bioassay for hypertrehalosemic hormone‐dependent trehalose biosynthesis by fat body from adult Blaberus discoidalis cockroaches
Authors: Keeley Larry L. , Sowa Sheila M. , Hesson Aaron S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn in vitro bioassay suitable for routine use to investigate hypertrehalosemic hormone (HTH)‐dependent trehalose biosynthesis was developed for the cockroach fat body. Blaberus discoidalis fat bodies were isolated and divided so that eight matched pieces from a single tissue could be compared for multiple control and experimental treatments. Optimum incubation conditions and the properties of HTH‐dependent trehalose synthesis were determined. Dose‐response studies determined an EC50 of 0.044 nM HTH for male fat body and 0.16 nM HTH for female tissue. HTH increased trehalose production by male fat body 3‐fold compared to only a 67% maximum increase by the female tissue, and only the male tissue was used in subsequent studies. Fat body required only 5‐min exposure to HTH for maximum trehalose production for 1 h. Trehalose synthesis was inhibited by ≥ 15 mM trehalose in the incubation medium. The fat body showed a developmental increase in trehalose synthesis in vitro that was reflected by hemolymph trehalose in vivo. Basal and HTH‐related trehalose synthesis were low between days 0 and 10, increased 3‐fold by day 20, and were high thereafter. These studies have established baseline data for future investigations to identify the signal transduction mechanisms involved in HTH regulation of fat body metabolism. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fate of a terminal olefin with Drosophila microsomes and its inhibitory effects on some P‐450 dependent activities
Authors: Cuany André , Helvig Christian , Amichot Marcel , Pflieger Philippe , Mioskowski Charles , Salaun Jean‐Pierre , Pauron David , Larroque Christian , Berge Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn vitro bioassays were used to analyze the metabolism of the 11‐dodecenoic acid (11‐DDNA) by microsomes prepared from Drosophila melanogaster RalDDTR strain. 11‐DDNA is metabolized to 11,12‐epoxylauric acid (epoxyLA) in a NADPH‐dependent way. The microsomal production of epoxyLA reaches a plateau very quickly, suggesting the occurrence of an enzyme inactivation process. After incubation of microsomes with (1‐14C)11‐DDNA, three proteins of Mr ≈︁ 50 kDa were labeled. 11‐DDNA inhibits the microsomal metabolism of lauric acid and 7‐ethoxycoumarin in a time and NADPH‐dependent process. An inhibition of metabolites generated from DDT and testosterone was also obtained but at higher concentrations. These results are discussed according to the fact that RalDDTR is an insecticide resistant strain characterized as a high metabolizer of the insecticide DDT and also of lauric acid, testosterone, and ethoxycoumarin. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PBAN regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in female tobacco hornworm moths,Manduca sexta (L.)
Authors: Fang Nianbai , Teal Peter E. A. , Tumlinson James H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractManduca sexta females that were decapitated produced no pheromone during the scotophase following decapitation, indicating that they were free of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). When deuterated hexadecanoic or (Z)‐11‐hexadecenoic acid was applied to the sex pheromone glands of decapitated or intact females of the same age, and allowed to incubate in vivo for 24 h, deuterium labeled Δ‐11‐ and Δ‐10, 12‐unsaturated 16‐carbon fatty acids were produced in both types of females. Injection of PBAN into intact or decapitated females 23 h after application of labeled acids had no effect on the production of unsaturated labeled fatty acids. However, deuterium labeled aldehydes were produced only in females that were injected with PBAN. Therefore, in this species, PBAN activates the process by which fatty acyl precursors in the pheromone gland are converted into the pheromonal aldehydes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Vitellin and formation of yolk spheres in vitellogenic follicles of the moth, Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Zimowska Grażyna , Shirk Paul D. , Silhacek Donald L. , Shaaya Eli 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVitellin (Vt) was found not to be critical to the formation or structure of yolk spheres in oocytes of the moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). Vitellogenic activities of the follicular tissues were determined by visualizing the immunocytolocalization of Vt subunits (YP1 and YP3) and of a follicular epithelium yolk protein (FEYP) subunit (YP2) in ultrathin sections or in whole‐mounted tissues. Vitellogenin was detectable in the inter‐follicular epithelial cell (FC) spaces of patent, vitellogenin follicles of normal females. When the follicles entered terminal growth phase, the inter‐FC spaces closed equatorially around the follicle which excluded vitellogenin from that region. The closure of the spaces spread towards the poles in more mature follicles. Vt was immunolocalized to yolk spheres of vitellogenic and terminal growth phase oocytes. To examine the role of Vt in formation of yolk spheres, ovaries were transplanted into males. Vt was not detected in the inter‐FC spaces, vitelline membrane, or yolk spheres of follicles from transplanted ovaries developing in males. However, the FEYP subunit YP2 was detected in the Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles of columnar FC and in the yolk spheres of the oocytes from transplanted ovaries. During the late vitellogenic period, late yolk spheres appeared in the cortical region of the oocytes. In addition, YP2 was detected in the electron‐translucent vitelline membrane of terminal growth phase follicles. We conclude that Vt is not required for the formation of yolk spheres or the electron‐translucent layer of vitelline membrane. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Possible involvement of an enzymatic system for superoxide generation in lepidopteran larval haemolymph
Authors: Arakawa Toru 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe superoxide generative system in Pseudaletia separata larval haemolymph plasma was shown to consist of at least two components, low (LMF) and high (HMF) molecular weight factors using ultrafiltration, dialysis, and gel filtration. The LMF was concluded to be a molecule(s) smaller than 5 kDa while the HMF to be a protein(s) larger than 100 kDa. The total amount of superoxide produced depended on the amount of LMF and was independent of that of HMF added to the reaction mixture. Both the LMF and HMF were required for O2− generation. From results in the present article, it was hypothesized that the LMF was a substrate(s) discharging electrons and HMF was an enzyme(s) to mediate the electron transfer to O2 forming O2−. Superoxide production was detected in the haemolymph plasma of 5 lepidopteran species in addition to P. separata. It was concluded that superoxide production is a common phenomenon at least in these lepidopterans. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of charged amino acid side chains in the stability and lipid binding of Manduca sexta apolipophorin III
Authors: Upadhyaya Minal , Oikawa Kim , Kay Cyril M. , Scraba Douglas G. , Bradley Roger , Ryan Robert O. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractChemical modification procedures were employed to neutralize charged amino acid side chains of apolipophorin III (apoLp‐III). Glutamate plus aspartate carboxylate side chains were amidated while, in other experiments, the ϵ‐amino groups of lysine residue side chains were acetylated. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was performed to assess the effect of chemical modification on the secondary structure of apoLp‐III. Compared to control, unmodified apoLp‐III, both amidated and acetylated apoLp‐IIIs possessed significantly diminished levels of α‐helical structure. A similarly significant amount of α‐helix structure could be induced in both modified apoLp‐IIIs, however, by the addition of 50% trifluoroethanol, a helix inducing solvent, indicating that the proteins have retained their capacity to form helical secondary structures. The lipid binding interactions of chemically modified apoLp‐IIIs were also examined in lipoprotein binding assays. Whereas control, unmodified apoLp‐III displayed lipid binding activity, neither modified apoLp‐III was capable of interaction with the substrate lipid surface. In phospholipid binding assays using the model compound, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, acetylated apoLp‐III failed to interact while amidated apoLp‐III showed limited interaction. When sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles were employed as a model lipid surface, interaction of the modified apoLp‐IIIs was observed. To characterize the relative stability of the interaction of control and modified apoLp‐IIIs with SDS micelles, urea denaturation studies were performed. These experiments showed that, while control and amidated apoLp‐IIIs were relatively resistant to urea induced denaturation, acetylated apoLp‐III was susceptible. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that charged amino acid residues play an important role in stabilization of the lipid‐free helix bundle conformation of apoLp‐III and may promote stabilization of the lipid bound state through charge‐charge interactions with lipoprotein surface components. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent advances in radioimmunoassay technology for the juvenile hormones
Authors: Goodman Walter G. , Orth Anthony P. , Toong Yock C. , Ebersohl Richard , Hiruma Kiyoshi , Granger Noelle A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecent refinements in juvenile hormone radioimmunoassay technology now make this method significantly more sensitive and easier to use. Rabbit poly‐clonal antisera against (10R) JH III and racemic JH II have been developed to determine hemolymph hormone titers in the low picogram range. The antisera display minimal cross‐reactivity with JH metabolites, JH analogs, and hemolymph lipids. One antiserum recognizes racemic JH I, II, and (10R) III almost equivalently, exhibiting 50% displacement between 100 and 130 pg per tube. Another antiserum is JH II‐specific and exhibits 50% displacement at 35 pg per tube. Assay sensitivity has been enhanced by using (10R,11S) [methyl−3H]‐JH II of very high specific activity (> 80 Ci/mmol) generated with Hyalophora cecropia accessory gland S‐adenosylmethionine transferase and S‐[methyl−3H]‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine. Preparation of biological samples has been simplified with overall recoveries of JH from hemolymph ranging between 60 and 75%. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variations of the pharyngeal raphe
Authors: Shimada Kazuyuki , Gasser Raymond Frank 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe pharyngeal raphe is described traditionally as a straight, continuous, median, fibrous band that provides attachment for and separates each pair of the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx. The posterior wall of the pharynx was dissected in 236 adult human cadavers of the Mongoloid, Caucasoid, and Negroid races. The arrangement of the raphe in each specimen was recorded. The various arrangements of the raphe were then organized into three types (I, II, or III) and eight subtypes (a, b, or c). The raphe was most often (47%) located between the inferior constrictor muscles only (type I) where it was either a straight or a curved line or had a fusiform to oval shape. The second most frequent pattern (40%) was a raphe located between the superior and middle constrictor muscles only (type II) with a shape similar to type I. The middle constrictor muscles were sometimes well developed and attached superiorly to the pharyngeal tubercle by way of a strong raphe. The raphe extended from the pharyngeal tubercle through all the constrictor muscles to the esophagus (type III) in only 13% of the specimens and was more often interrupted rather than a continuous line. The type usually described in anatomy textbooks (type IIIa) was found in only 5% of the specimens.
Influence of wrist position on the performance of fast isometric contractions of human hand muscles
Authors: Brown J. M. M. , Bronks R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe influence of wrist position on the motor control of intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles during the performance of fast isometric precision‐grip contractions was evaluated. Ten male and female subjects, aged 17–28 years, attempted to produce accurately 75%, 50%, 25%, and 10% of a predetermined maximum criterion force level with the wrist in the flexed, functional, and extended positions. Feedback on the accuracy of each contraction was provided by a visual error display after each trial. Trials selected for analysis fell within ± 5% error of the required force level. Surface electromyograms were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous, adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, common flexor muscles and the extensor digitorum. Wrist position was shown to influence significantly the integrated electromyographic values representing the activity of the first dorsal interossous but not the adductor pollicis. Significant alterations in the onset time of the antagonist extensor digitorum were also detected. On the basis of the these results we suggest that the intrinsic muscles of the hand can be classified as either wrist position dependent or independent.
Mediastinal bronchogenic cyst from azygos lobe formation
Authors: Parke Wesley W. , Settles Harry E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA large unilocular multilobate bronchogenic cyst was found in the right superior mediastinum of a 93‐year‐old female anatomic cadaver. By reason of its location, shape, and serous membrane (pleural) coverings, it appeared to have been formed from a sequestered azygos lobe which slowly acquired alternate sources of vascu‐larization through adhesion to pericardial vessels and the arch of the azygos vein. It is postulated here that the relatively rudimentary organization of this cyst did not reflect a primitive stage of origin but was indicative of a plasticity in developing lung tissue that permitted a regression from a more advanced stage of morphogenesis when subjected to spatial restrictions; a process well demonstrated in a cited animal model. Thus, this case may illustrate that mediastinal bronchogenic cysts are not necessarily derivatives of the very early foregut components as previously proposed.
Selective entrapment palsy of the posterior interosseous nerve: A case report
Authors: Haw D. W. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA 27‐year‐old woman developed a paralysis of her right hand, which affected the power of extension of her middle, ring, and little fingers, but spared the index finger and the thumb. There was a past history of injury of the elbow and dislocation of the head of the radius, and compression of the posterior interosseous nerve was suspected. After confirmation of the diagnosis by nerve conduction tests, the course of the nerve was explored surgically in the antecubital fossa. Compression seemed to be a result of two small vessels put under tension by subluxation of the head of the radius. Division of the vessels led to rapid recovery of function. The affected and unaffected muscles in this paralysis are supplied by separate branches of the posterior interosseous nerve. It seems likely that the fibers of the affected branch had been selectively compressed within the trunk of the posterior interosseous nerve. This suggests that there is sharp topographical localization of branches within the trunk of the nerve.
Age‐related changes in the lumbar facet joints
Authors: Wang Zhan Li , Yu Shiwei , Haughton Victor M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe normal appearance of the lumbar facet joints has been related to the age of the subject. We classified the changes in the menisci, articular cartilage, and subarticular cortical bone with respect to age in 24 cadavers. Normally the meniscus diminishes in size, the articular cartilage thins, and subarticular cortical bone thickens with age. Determination of normality must be made with respect to age.
Optic strut: Posterior root of sphenoid
Authors: Parkinson Dwight 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe optic strut, the term used by radiologists and neurosurgeons, or the posterior root of the sphenoid bone, as described in anatomy texts, receives only passing notice of its existence. Yet an increasing number of operations involving the anterior portion of the cavernous sinus and the posterior orbit involve an approach via the optic strut. For these reasons the dimensions and shapes of this small structure deserve detailed consideration.