bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation and Stabilization of Mn‐Based Positive Electrode Materials by Doping Nonmetallic Elements
Authors: Mahara Yuji , Oka Hideaki , Nonaka Takamasa , Kosaka Satoru , Takahashi Naoko Takechi , Kondo Yasuhito , Makimura Yoshinari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDisordered rock‐salt (DRS) type active materials are highly significant because of their large reversible capacities, which are due to their unique Li+ diffusion pathway and the redox capabilities of cationic transition metals (TMs) and anionic O ions. Loosely crystalline DRS materials have weak covalent bonds between TMs and O, increasing the O redox contribution and thereby enhancing their capacities. In this study, Mn‐based positive electrode materials with DRS structures are activated and stabilized by mechanochemical doping of nonmetallic elements P and B into interstitial sites. Synthesized Li0.90Mn0.84P0.04O2 (LMPO5) exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 346 mAh g−1 (1050 Wh kg−1) during charging/discharging. Li0.91Mn0.83B0.10O2 (LMBO5) has a moderately expanded lattice size, which facilitates high‐capacity retention during cycling (≈284 mAh g−1 at the 30th cycle). The structural properties of the synthesized active materials are extensively characterized. By introducing nonmetallic elements into the interstitial sites of Mn‐based materials, inexpensive, high‐capacity, and long‐cycling/calendar‐life Co/Ni‐free monometallic positive electrode materials may be further developed.
Single‐dose rituximab plus glucocorticoid versus cyclophosphamide plus glucocorticoid in patients with newly diagnosed acquired hemophilia A: A multicenter, open‐label, randomized noninferiority trial
Authors: Wang PanJing , Zhou Rongfu , Xue Feng , Zhou Hu , Bai Jie , Wang Xianghua , Ma Yueshen , Song Zhen , Chen Yunfei , Liu Xiaofan , Fu Rongfeng , Sun Ting , Ju Mankai , Dai Xinyue , Dong Huan , Yang Renchi , Liu Wei , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare but serious bleeding disorder. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the efficacy of immunosuppression therapy for AHA lacks. We conducted the first multicenter RCT aiming to establish whether the single‐dose rituximab combination regimen was noninferior to the cyclophosphamide combination regimen. From 2017 to 2022, 63 patients with newly diagnosed AHA from five centers were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone 0.8 mg/kg per day for the first 3 weeks and then tapered) plus single‐dose rituximab (375 mg/m2; n = 31) or plus cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg per day until inhibitor becomes negative, for a maximum of 5 weeks; n = 32). The primary outcome was complete remission (CR, defined as FVIII activity ≥50 IU/dL, FVIII inhibitor undetectable, immunosuppression tapered and no bleeding for 24 h without bypassing agents) rate measured within 8 weeks. The noninferiority margin was an absolute difference of 20%. Twenty‐four (77.4%) patients in the rituximab group and 22 (68.8%) patients in the cyclophosphamide group achieved CR, which showed the noninferiority of the single‐dose rituximab‐based regimen (absolute difference = −8.67%, lower limit of the 95% confidence interval = −13.11%; Pnoninferiority = 0.005). No difference was found in the incidence of treatment‐related adverse events. Single‐dose rituximab plus glucocorticoid regimen showed similar efficacy and safety, without a reported risk of secondary malignancies or reproductive toxicity seen in cyclophosphamide, it might be recommended as a first‐line therapy for AHA, especially in China where there is a young age trend in AHA patients. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT03384277.
Noise intensity modulates the responses of mantled howler monkeys to anthropophony
Authors: Dias Pedro A. D. , Gómez Espinosa Eugenia Eréndira , Chavira Ramírez David Roberto , Rangel Negrín Ariadna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic noise is a major global pollutant but its effects on primates are poorly understood, limiting our ability to develop mitigation actions that favor their welfare and conservation. In this study, we used an experimental approach to determine the impact of variation in noise intensity on mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). We conducted the study at Los Tuxtlas (México), where we studied the physiological stress (proxied via fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, fGCM) and behavioral responses of 16 males. We played back chainsaw noise at two intensities (40 and 80 dB) and used days in which groups were not exposed to noise as matched controls. With increased noise intensity fGCM increased, vigilance and vocalizations were longer, and vigilance, vocalizations, and flight occurred quicker. Physiological and behavioral responses occurred even after low‐intensity noise playbacks (i.e., 40 dB). Therefore, noise intensity is a significant factor explaining the responses of mantled howler monkeys to anthropogenic noise. These results imply that management actions aimed at eradicating anthropogenic noise are required for the conservation and welfare of mantled howler monkeys at Los Tuxtlas.
The Sporadic Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Signature Of Atrophy: Preliminary Findings From The Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) Cohort
Authors: Touroutoglou Alexandra , Katsumi Yuta , Brickhouse Michael , Zaitsev Alexander , Eckbo Ryan , Aisen Paul , Beckett Laurel , Dage Jeffrey L. , Eloyan Ani , Foroud Tatiana , Ghetti Bernardino , Griffin Percy , Hammers Dustin , Jack Clifford R. , Kramer Joel H. , Iaccarino Leonardo , Joie Renaud La , Mundada Nidhi S , Koeppe Robert , Kukull Walter A. , Murray Melissa E. , Nudelman Kelly , Polsinelli Angelina J. , Rumbaugh Malia , Soleimani‐Meigooni David N. , Toga Arthur , Vemuri Prashanthi , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Mendez Mario F. , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Stephen , Sha Sharon , Turner R. Scott , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Womack Kyle , Carrillo Maria C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. , Dickerson Bradford C. ,   the LEADS Consortium
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research has advanced our understanding of neurodegeneration in sporadic early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) but studies include small samples, mostly amnestic EOAD, and have not focused on developing an MRI biomarker.METHODSWe analyzed MRI scans to define the sporadic EOAD‐signature atrophy in a small sample (n = 25) of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) EOAD patients, investigated its reproducibility in the large longitudinal early‐onset Alzheimer's disease study (LEADS) sample (n = 211), and investigated the relationship of the magnitude of atrophy with cognitive impairment.RESULTSThe EOAD‐signature atrophy was replicated across the two cohorts, with prominent atrophy in the caudal lateral temporal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and posterior cingulate and precuneus cortices, and with relative sparing of the medial temporal lobe. The magnitude of EOAD‐signature atrophy was associated with the severity of cognitive impairment.DISCUSSIONThe EOAD‐signature atrophy is a reliable and clinically valid biomarker of AD‐related neurodegeneration that could be used in clinical trials for EOAD.Highlights
We developed an early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD)–signature of atrophy based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
EOAD signature was robustly reproducible across two independent patient cohorts.
EOAD signature included prominent atrophy in parietal and posterior temporal cortex.
The EOAD‐signature atrophy was associated with the severity of cognitive impairment.
EOAD signature is a reliable and clinically valid biomarker of neurodegeneration.
Expression and prognosis of inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator and its ligand in Chinese stage I–III lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Zhan Xiao‐Kai , Liu Xi‐Kun , Zhang Sen , Chen Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy has become the fastest‐adopting treatment paradigm for lung cancer with improved survival. By binding with its ligand (inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator and its ligand [ICOSL]), an inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator (ICOS) could contribute to reversing immunosuppression and improving immune response and thus be a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.MethodsWe selected 54 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues from cases with stage I–III lung adenocarcinoma cancer. Immunohistochemical expression of ICOS and ICOSL was evaluated. The correlation with clinical parameters in Chinese patients was also compared with TCGA results.ResultsThe positive rates of ICOS and ICOSL were 68% and 81.5%, respectively, in lung tumor tissues. Of these, 9 cases had a low expression of ICOS, and 22 cases had a high expression of ICOS; ICOSL expression was low in 20 cases and high in 24 cases. According to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (8th edition), phase I lesions were detected in 21 cases, phase II lesions in 15 cases, and phase III lesions in 18 cases. The median survival time of all patients was 44.5 months, and the median disease‐free survival was 32 months. Univariate analysis showed that the factors significantly associated with overall survival were tumor size, regional lymph node involvement, stage, and expression level of ICOS/ICOSL. Survival analysis using log‐rank test indicated that the lower ICOS+ cell infiltration may predict poor prognosis, whereas lower ICOSL protein expression may be associated with better prognosis, but ICOSL data need further validation in larger samples due to inconsistency in TCGA mRNA prediction.ConclusionICOS/ICOSL might be associated with prognosis of lung cancer, and ICOS and its ligand may be potential therapeutic targets in non‐small cell lung cancer.
A Class of Activatable NIR‐II Photoacoustic Dyes for High‐Contrast Bioimaging
Authors: Li Jiangfeng , Wang Jiangyan , Xu Lizhen , Chi Hanwen , Liang Xing , Yoon Juyoung , Lin Weiying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging is emerging as one of the important non‐invasive imaging techniques in biomedical research. Small molecule‐ second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) PA dyes combined with imaging data can provide comprehensive and in‐depth in vivo physiological and pathological information. However, the NIR‐II PA dyes usually exhibit “always‐on” properties due to the lack of a readily optically tunable group, which hinders the further applications in vivo. Herein, a novel class of dyes GX have been designed and synthesized as an activatable NIR‐II PA platform, in which the absorption/emission wavelength of GX‐5 extends up to 1082/1360 nm. Importantly, the GX dyes have a strong tissue penetration depth and high‐resolution for the mouse vasculature structures in NIR‐II PA 3D imaging and high signal‐to‐noise ratio in NIR‐II fluorescence (FL) imaging. Furthermore, to demonstrate the applicability of GX dyes, the first NIR‐II PA probe GX‐5‐CO activated by carbon monoxide (CO) was engineered and employed to reveal the enhancement of the CO levels in the hypertensive mice by high‐contrast NIR‐II PA and FL imaging. We expect that many derivatives of GX dyes will be developed to afford versatile NIR‐II PA platforms for designing a wide variety activatable NIR‐II PA probes as biomedical tools.
Aryne‐Enabled C−N Arylation of Anilines
Authors: Sephton Thomas , Charitou Anastasios , Trujillo Cristina , Large Jonathan M. , Butterworth Sam , Greaney Michael F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnilines are potentially high‐value arylating agents, but are limited by the low reactivity of the strong C−N bond. We show that the reactive intermediate benzyne can be used to both activate anilines, and set‐up an aryl transfer reaction in a single step. The reaction does not require any transition metal catalysts or stoichiometric organometallics, and establishes a metal‐free route to valuable biaryl products by functionalizing the aniline C−N bond.
Ligand‐Enabled Double γ‐C(sp3)−H Functionalization of Aliphatic Acids: One‐Step Synthesis of γ‐Arylated γ‐Lactones
Authors: Hoque Md. Emdadul , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: October 2023

Abstractγ‐methylene C(sp3)−H functionalization of linear free carboxylic acids remains a significant challenge. Here in we report a Pd(II)‐catalyzed tandem γ‐arylation and γ‐lactonization of aliphatic acids enabled by a L,X‐type CarboxPyridone ligand. A wide range of γ‐arylated γ‐lactones are synthesized in a single step from aliphatic acids in moderate to good yield. Arylated lactones can readily be converted into disubstituted tetrahydrofurans, a prominent scaffold amongst bioactive molecules.
Effect of Ni loading onto Pt (Pt‐Ni/C) electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell: A study of ORR activity, stability, and temperature effect
Authors: Polagani Rajesh Kumar , Suryawanshi Prashant L. , Chinthala Mahendra , Annamareddy Sri Hari Kumar , Nasani Narendar , Sonawane Shirish H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPt is a noble metal when alloyed with transition metals like Ni onto the carbon support, minimizes the cost and increases the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability of Pt‐Ni/C electrocatalyst in a low‐temperature proton exchange membrane (LTPEM) fuel cell. A simple sonochemical‐based synthesis of Pt‐Ni/C bimetallic nanoparticles is carried out through varying amounts of Ni and Pt precursors. The various combinations of Pt and Ni metal (50:50, 75:25, and 83:17) nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on a carbon support. The shifting of 2θ values to higher levels in XRD patterns confirmed the alloy formation between Pt and Ni. The carbon (60 wt. %) supported Pt and Ni (40 wt. %) electrocatalyst ink is coated on a carbon paper which acts as a gas diffusion layer (GDL). The electrocatalytic performance of Pt‐Ni/C was evaluated in the PEM fuel cell using an electrochemical test station. The best performance was observed with the Pt: Ni (83:17) coated electrocatalyst, which delivered 0.162 W/cm2 power at 0.45 V. Also, the PEM fuel cell performance was enhanced by increasing the single cell's operating temperature.
Water lead levels in Massachusetts schools and early education and childcare facilities
Authors: Amery Liam , Tobiason John , Kumpel Emily 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExposure to lead through drinking water is of concern for children, particularly at schools and early education and care facilities (EECFs), where they spend much of their time. We use lead and copper data from monitoring in schools and EECFs in Massachusetts (USA) and create risk indices based on the percentage of fixtures in a school above three water lead level (WLL) thresholds (15, 5, and 1 ppb) to model which building characteristics, water source, and water treatment practices are associated with a school exceeding these thresholds. Local building characteristics had larger effects than information about the public water supplier (PWS), and buildings built from 1950 to 1980 were most at risk. Daily flushing and fixture replacement often decreased elevated WLLs, and water coolers had lower WLLs than other fixtures. These findings highlight the value of WLL monitoring programs and can be used to prioritize future investment in monitoring and remediation.
Über die katalytische Ammoniakoxydation an oxydischen Kontakten und der stationäre Zustand der Oxydkontakte
Authors: Krauss Walther 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn einer früheren Arbeit1) wurde die katalytische Oxydation des Ammoniaks an Oxyden untersucht, wobei besonders das Temperaturgebiet und die Kontakte Beachtung fanden, die zu N2O führen. Es sollte Aufschluß über die Reaktionen des Primärproduktes NH3O mit Sauerstoffatomen und Molekülen erhalten werden. Gleichzeitig wollten wir Anhaltspunkte gewinnen für die Bedingungen, unter denen Oxydkontakte die N2O‐Bildung katalysieren. Im folgenden soll über einige weitere während des Krieges im physikalisch‐chemischen Institut der Universität Berlin durchgeführten Versuche berichtet werden.
Theorie der Röntgenstreuung an statistisch ungeordneten linearen Gittern. Rückschlüsse auf die Feinstruktur hochpolymerer Stoffe
Authors: Hosemann Rolf 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUm die Streueffekte an hochpolymeren Stoffen zu erklären, genügen weder die bestehenden Modelle realer Kristalle noch die der Flüssigkeitsunordnung. Es wird darum, zunächst für den eindimensionalen Fall, ein Gitter einer ganz bestimmten idealen Unordnung untersucht, für das die exakten Streuformeln leicht anzugeben sind. Dieses Gitter liefert, wie verlangt, Kristallreflexe und Flüssigkeitsinterferenzen mit allen möglichen Zwischenstufen. Auch ein dreidimensionales Gittermodell wird, zunächst nur skizzenhaft, diskutiert und eine Reihe von Folgerungen für den feinstrukturellen Aufbau der hochpolymeren Stoffe gezogen.
Kathodische Grenzströme in geschmolzenen Salzen
Authors: Drossbach Paul , Petrick Paul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs werden die kathodischen Grenzstromdichten bei der Elektrolyse von PbCl2, CdCl2, NiCl2, CuCl und AgCl in geschmolzenen Mischungen mit KCl+LiCl experimentell bestimmt.
Zur Theorie der Wanderungsvorgänge in Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Wirtz K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSowohl Platzwechsel relativ zu den nächsten Nachbarn als auch viskose Prozesse in der weiteren Umgebung liefern Anteile zur Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit (Diffusion, Ionenbeweglichkeit usw.) von molekularen Teilchen in Flüssigkeiten. Eine Analyse dieser Anteile wird versucht, und vom Standpunkt dieser Analyse werden einige Wanderungsgesetze (Stokessches Gesetz, Rieckesches Gesetz) für Moleküle diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, daß eine Gültigkeit derartiger Näherungen nur in Grenzfällen erwartet werden kann.
Die Kinetik der photochemischen Reduktion des Thionins
Authors: Pestemer M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Abhängigkeit der Ausbleichgeschwindigkeit des Thionins von der Konzentration der zugesetzten Akzeptoren (Elektronendonatoren), als welche Anethol, Allylthioharnstoff und Diäthylallylthioharnstoff eingesetzt wurden, einerseits, von der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration andererseits, bestätigt ein einfaches Reaktionsschema, nach welchem der erste auf den Primärakt folgende Schritt der Photoreduktion der Übergang eines Elektrons und nicht eines H‐Atoms vom Akzeptor zum angeregten Farbstoffkation ist.
Über die UV‐Absorption hochkonzentrierter Phenollösungen sowie reinen flüssigen und festen Phenols
Authors: Von Keussler V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInfolge der großen Stärke der Lichtabsorption im UV war es bisher nicht möglich, Absorptionsmessungen an hochkonzentrierten Lösungen in diesem Gebiet auszuführen. Es wurde daher eine Spezialküvette für extrem dünne Flüssigkeitsschichten konstruiert. Der Abstandsring wurde auf eines der mit hoher Präzision plangeschliffenen dichten Küvettenfenster aus Homosilquarz durch Aufdampfen von Aluminium im Hochvakuum erzeugt. Die Plattenabstände können aus der Lage der infolge von Reflexion an den Innenwänden bei leerem Gefäß entstehenden Interferenzstreifen im Spektrum sehr genau bestimmt werden. Plattenabstände bis zu 0,34 μ wurden hergestellt.Mit Hilfe dieser Spezialküvette wurden Absorptionsmessungen an der Bandenfolge 2800–2550 Å des Phenols bei hochkonzentrierten Lösungen in Cyclohexan und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff sowie bei reinem flüssigen und festen Phenol ausgeführt. Es wurde festgestellt, daß mit zunehmender Konzentration eine starke Verbreiterung der Banden stattfindet und die Struktur der Bandenfolge verwaschen wird. Gleichzeitig erfolgt eine Verschiebung der gegenüber dem Gaszustande nach niederen Frequenzen verlagerten Bandenmaxima in entgegengesetztem Sinne. Beim Erstarren des flüssigen Phenols werden die Banden wieder wesentlich schärfer und verschieben sich nach niederen Frequenzen.Es wird gezeigt, daß die Intensitätsverteilungskurven bei mittlerer Konzentration durch Superposition zweier Kurven dargestellt werden können, von denen die eine der Absorption des monomeren, die andere der des assoziierten Phenols entspricht. Aus dem Verhältnis der Ordinatenmaßstäbe, in denen diese beiden Kurven zu zeichnen sind, kann der Grad der Assoziation bestimmt werden. Letzterer stimmt bei Tetrachlorkohlenstoff als Lösungsmittel mit dem aus IR‐Messungen gewonnenen Wert überein, während bei Phenol in Cyclohexan die Assoziation größer ist. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse führen auf Grund der herrschenden Vorstellungen über die Natur der Wasserstoffbrückenbindung zu der Schlußfolgerung, daß die Störung der Banden auf Deformation der Elektronenwolke (Verlagerung des einsamen Elektronenpaares) zurückzuführen ist. Das Schärferwerden der Banden beim Übergang zu festem Phenol wird durch Aufhebung der Möglichkeit gegenseitiger Bewegungen der Bestandteile des Moleküls des Assoziats und zunehmender Ordnung infolge Kristallisation erklärt.
Über die Absorptionsspektren polarisierter organischer Moleküle und deren Gesetzmäßigkeiten I. Diphenylpolyene
Authors: Krauss Walther , Grund Harald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß bei der Anlagerung von elektrophilen Reagenzien (im wesentlichen Metallhalogenide) an Verbindungen mit Konjuenbindungen Primärkomplexe entstehen, deren Absorptionsmaxima in gesetzmäßiger Weise mit der Zahl der Konjuenbindungen nach Rot verschoben werden. Die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung der Primärkomplexe steigt mit der Zahl der Konjuenbindungen. Die Untersuchungen wurden durchgeführt im wesentlichen mit Diphenylpolyenen. Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, daß die Metallhalogenide allein nicht in der Lage sind, eine C=C‐Bindung bzw. eine Carbonylbindung zu polarisieren. Hierzu bedarf es eines Kokatalysators, der mit dem Metallhalogenid eine polare Verbindung ergibt. Ohne Kokatalysator tritt hier nur eine dielektrische Polarisation ein, deren Rotverschiebung wesentlich geringer ist als die für die Primärkomplexe gefundene Verschiebung.
Differential role of potential stressors, underlying degradation mechanism, characterization of degradants using LC–MS/MS, and establishment of a stability‐indicating analytical method for duvelisib
Authors: Tapkir Nikita Tanaji , Sahu Amit Kumar , Rajput Niraj , Jadav Tarang , Sengupta Pinaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuvelisib (DUV) was first approved globally in 2018. An extensive literature search revealed that the differential role of a potential degradation medium in altering the shelf‐life of DUV due to its exposure during storage has not been identified till date. Moreover, its degradation impurities and degradation mechanism are not known. In addition, no analytical method has been reported for the quantification of DUV in the presence of its degradation impurities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the impact of different potential degradation media on the stability of DUV, establish the degradation mechanism, and identify its major degradation impurities. The aim was also to establish a stability‐indicating analytical method for the quantification of DUV in the presence of its degradation impurities. This study is the first to report the structure of degradation impurities and the step‐by‐step degradation mechanism of DUV. This information will be useful for the scientific community and manufacturers in optimizing the formulation parameters and/or storage conditions. The validated method can be employed for analysis of stability study and routine quality control samples of newer DUV formulations in pharmaceutical industries. The identified impurities may serve as impurity standards for specifying their limits in the drug after required qualification studies.