bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replicability and reproducibility of predictive models for diagnosis of depression among young adults using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Nickson David , Singmann Henrik , Meyer Caroline , Toro Carla , Walasek Lukasz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent advances in machine learning combined with the growing availability of digitized health records offer new opportunities for improving early diagnosis of depression. An emerging body of research shows that Electronic Health Records can be used to accurately predict cases of depression on the basis of individual’s primary care records. The successes of these studies are undeniable, but there is a growing concern that their results may not be replicable, which could cast doubt on their clinical usefulness.

Methods
To address this issue in the present paper, we set out to reproduce and replicate the work by Nichols et al. (2018), who trained predictive models of depression among young adults using Electronic Healthcare Records. Our contribution consists of three parts. First, we attempt to replicate the methodology used by the original authors, acquiring a more up-to-date set of primary health care records to the same specification and reproducing their data processing and analysis. Second, we test models presented in the original paper on our own data, thus providing out-of-sample prediction of the predictive models. Third, we extend past work by considering several novel machine-learning approaches in an attempt to improve the predictive accuracy achieved in the original work.

Results
In summary, our results demonstrate that the work of Nichols et al. is largely reproducible and replicable. This was the case both for the replication of the original model and the out-of-sample replication applying NRCBM coefficients to our new EHRs data. Although alternative predictive models did not improve model performance over standard logistic regression, our results indicate that stepwise variable selection is not stable even in the case of large data sets.

Conclusion
We discuss the challenges associated with the research on mental health and Electronic Health Records, including the need to produce interpretable and robust models. We demonstrated some potential issues associated with the reliance on EHRs, including changes in the regulations and guidelines (such as the QOF guidelines in the UK) and reliance on visits to GP as a predictor of specific disorders.
Healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages: expanding representations of determinants of health within systems dynamics and integrated assessment models
Authors: Weber Eartha , Downward George , Pinho Maria G. M. , Van Vuuren Detlef P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and System Dynamic Models (SDMs) are starting to incorporate representations of the impact of environmental changes on health and socio-economic development into their modelling frameworks. We use this brief review to provide an overview of how health and well-being are currently represented in IAMs and SDMs. A grey literature search on 12 selected model host websites and their corresponding Wiki pages was conducted. Model descriptions, coverage and publications were then tabulated. Additional potential determinants related to health were then suggested based on emerging environmental health literature. Based on these tabulations, it was determined that many individual health outcomes are not represented and thus not analyzed. Social well-being is not represented at all. Additionally, potentially health relevant determinants such as chemical or metal exposure and water pollution are rarely represented in models. Most models have representations of climate, outdoor air pollution and food availability. Air pollution was the most analyzed determinant, especially in relation to its respiratory effects. We suggest that future modelers incorporate more representations of environmental determinants influencing health, and to analyze all available determinants in relation to a wider array of health outcomes. Perhaps, if and when broader determinants of health are represented in IAMs and SDMs, then a composite of these determinants could be used to determine a population’s ability to achieve elements that also contribute to social well-being.
Towards the transferable audio adversarial attack via ensemble methods
Authors: Guo Feng , Sun Zheng , Chen Yuxuan , Ju Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, deep learning (DL) models have achieved significant progress in many domains, such as autonomous driving, facial recognition, and speech recognition. However, the vulnerability of deep learning models to adversarial attacks has raised serious concerns in the community because of their insufficient robustness and generalization. Also, transferable attacks have become a prominent method for black-box attacks. In this work, we explore the potential factors that impact adversarial examples (AEs) transferability in DL-based speech recognition. We also discuss the vulnerability of different DL systems and the irregular nature of decision boundaries. Our results show a remarkable difference in the transferability of AEs between speech and images, with the data relevance being low in images but opposite in speech recognition. Motivated by dropout-based ensemble approaches, we propose random gradient ensembles and dynamic gradient-weighted ensembles, and we evaluate the impact of ensembles on the transferability of AEs. The results show that the AEs created by both approaches are valid for transfer to the black box API.
Can Bulgarian Yogurt enhance astronauts’ performance during the Mars Missions?
Authors: Shopova Izabela , Bogueva Diana , Yotova Maria , Danova Svetla 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProbiotics (pro-for and bio- health) from yogurt are one of the most effective means to stimulate and strengthen the immune system. They help balance and regulate the digestive system, as well as preserve and enrich the gut microbiome. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome is crucial for human health and well-being, especially for astronauts living in confined and stressful environments, such as those on a mission to Mars. One way to promote gut microbiome diversity is through diet, and Bulgarian yogurt (kiselo mlyako in Bulgarian: киceлo млякo) made with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus has shown positive effects on gut health. This paper explores the potential of regular production and consumption of gut-beneficial foods, such as yogurt, during space travel. It analyses whether the dietary limitations and challenges in providing varied and fresh food for astronauts could be addressed through the addition and daily consumption of Bulgarian yogurt. To investigate this, we conducted an experiment with a team of analog astronauts participating in a two-week analog mission in a closed, Mars-like environment at the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert, the USA. In compliment to all recognized health effects of yogurt, the analog astronauts reported that it can be easily prepared and had a positive effect on their overall well-being and gut health. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating freshly made yogurt into the astronauts’ diet and its potential to significantly contribute to achieving good health and well-being, which is an important goal in the colonization of other planets, such as Mars.
CT validation of intraoperative imageless navigation (Naviswiss) for component positioning accuracy in primary total hip arthroplasty in supine patient position: a prospective observational cohort study in a single-surgeon practice
Authors: Scholes Corey , Schwagli Tobias , Ireland John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to report on the validity of the Naviswiss handheld image-free navigation device for accurate intraoperative measurement of THA component positioning, in comparison with the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images as the gold standard.

Methods
A series of patients presenting to a single-surgeon clinic with end-stage hip osteoarthritis received primary hip arthroplasty with the anterolateral muscle-sparing surgical approach in the supine position. Imageless navigation was applied during the procedure with bone-mounted trackers applied to the greater trochanter and ASIS. Patients underwent routine CT scans before and after surgery and these were analyzed by using three-dimensional reconstruction to generate cup orientation, offset and leg length changes, which were compared to the intraoperative measurements provided by the navigation system. Estimates of agreement between the intraoperative and image-derived measurements were assessed with and without correction for bias and declared cases with potential measurement issues.

Results
The mean difference between intraoperative and postoperative CT measurements was within 2° for angular measurements and 2 mm for leg length. Absolute differences for the two indices were between 5° and 4 mm. Mean bias was 1.9°–3.6° underestimation for cup orientation and up to 2 mm overestimation for leg length change, but absolute thresholds of 10° and 10 mm were not exceeded by 95% limits of agreement (LOA), especially after correction for bias. Four cases (12%) were declared intraoperatively for issues with fixation on the greater trochanter. Inclusion of these cases generated acceptable accuracy overall and their omission failed to improve between-case variability in accuracy or LOA for both offset and leg length.

Conclusions
The accuracy of the Naviswiss system applied during primary THA in a supine position and anterolateral surgical approach falls within clinically acceptable recommendations for acetabular cup placement, femoral offset, and length. With refinements to surgical technique to adapt to the navigation hardware, the system could be further improved with regression-based bias correction.

Trial registration
Registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000317291)
Exploring long-term outcomes in COPD patients: a comprehensive narrative review of bilateral and single lung transplantation
Authors: Taghdiri Andia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Millions of people throughout the world suffer from the common and fatal respiratory disorder known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung transplantation gives hope to individuals with end-stage COPD, with both bilateral lung transplantation and single lung transplantation being effective procedures. The complexity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is underscored by various factors influencing transplant outcomes, including patient characteristics, donor features, and complications post-transplantation.

Methodology
This narrative review explores recent studies on bilateral and single lung transplantation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, focusing on research published after 2020. Databases like PubMed and Google Scholar were used with keywords such as “COPD,” “lung transplantation,” “bilateral lung transplantation,” and “single lung transplantation” guided the research, emphasizing survival rates, quality of life, and post-transplant complications. Five selected articles encompassing 63,426 patients were examined, evaluating methodological variations among the studies.

Results
The selected studies showed no unanimous agreement on whether bilateral or single lung transplantation is superior for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Bilateral lung transplantation exhibited higher mid- and long-term survival rates, influenced significantly by age, comorbidities, and disease profiles. Improved quality of life was observed with bilateral transplantation, but this outcome depended on external circumstances. Post-transplant complications emphasized the need for rigorous post-transplant care.

Conclusions
Individualized assessments are crucial when choosing between bilateral and single lung transplantation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Despite varying research results, bilateral transplantation generally offers better survival and quality of life. Informed decisions require personalized post-transplant care, standardized reporting, and consistent research methods. Emphasizing donor management, preventing chronic lung allograft dysfunction, and prioritizing patient-centered care is vital. Collaborative efforts and patient-focused strategies are essential for improving long-term outcomes in these patients undergoing lung transplantation.
Epidemiologic factors associated with neonatal bowel perforations in Uganda: experience from a single tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Okello Innocent , Kakembo Nasser , Kisa Phyllis , Nimanya Stella , Stephens Caroline Q. , Yap Ava , Wesonga Anne S. , Naluyimbazi Rovine , Sekabira John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Neonatal bowel perforations pose a significant disease burden for pediatric surgeons around the world. However, very little is known about these perforations in low-income settings. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of neonatal perforations at a tertiary hospital in Uganda.

Results
Twenty neonates with bowel perforation who were admitted to a single national referral hospital from May 2020 to April 2021 were included. Fifty-five percent (n = 11) of the neonates in this cohort were male, and 16 were term with birth weight above 2.5 kg. Thirteen were below 1 week of age and all maternal ages were less than 40 years. Pneumoperitoneum was the most common finding on erect abdominal X-ray and colon was the frequent site of perforation. Forty percent of the babies in this cohort had blood group O+. Fifty-five percent of our patients died before discharge.

Conclusion
Outcomes for neonatal bowel perforations are still dismal. Health workers taking care of neonates should have a high index of suspicion for neonatal gastrointestinal perforations.
The Roles of Protocols and Protocolization in Improving Outcome From Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Chesnut Randall M. , Temkin Nancy , Videtta Walter , Lujan Silvia , Petroni Gustavo , Pridgeon Jim , Dikmen Sureyya , Chaddock Kelley , Hendrix Terence , Barber Jason , Machamer Joan , Guadagnoli Nahuel , Hendrickson Peter , Alanis Victor , La Fuente Gustavo , Lavadenz Arturo , Merida Roberto , Sandi Lora Freddy , Romero Ricardo , Pinillos Oscar , Urbina Zulma , Figueroa Jairo , Ochoa Marcelo , Davila Rafael , Mora Jacobo , Bustamante Luis , Perez Carlos , Leiva Jorge , Carricondo Carlos , Mazzola Ana Maria , Guerra Juan 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Our Phase-I parallel-cohort study suggested that managing severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in the absence of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring using an ad hoc Imaging and Clinical Examination (ICE) treatment protocol was associated with superior outcome vs nonprotocolized management but could not differentiate the influence of protocolization from that of the specific protocol. Phase II investigates whether adopting the Consensus REVised Imaging and Clinical Examination (CREVICE) protocol improved outcome directly or indirectly via protocolization.

METHODS:
We performed a Phase-II sequential parallel-cohort study examining adoption of the CREVICE protocol from no protocol vs a previous protocol in patients with sTBI older than 13 years presenting ≤24 hours after injury. Primary outcome was prespecified 6-month recovery. The study was done mostly at public South American centers managing sTBI without ICP monitoring. Fourteen Phase-I nonprotocol centers and 5 Phase-I protocol centers adopted CREVICE. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equation regression adjusting for demographic imbalances.

RESULTS:
A total of 501 patients (86% male, mean age 35.4 years) enrolled; 81% had 6 months of follow-up. Adopting CREVICE from no protocol was associated with significantly superior results for overall 6-month extended Glasgow Outcome Score (GOSE) (protocol effect = 0.53 [0.11, 0.95], P = .013), mortality (36% vs 21%, HR = 0.59 [0.46, 0.76], P < .001), and orientation (Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test discharge protocol effect = 10.9 [6.0, 15.8], P < .001, 6-month protocol effect = 11.4 [4.1, 18.6], P < .005). Adopting CREVICE from ICE was associated with significant benefits to GOSE (protocol effect = 0.51 [0.04, 0.98], P = .033), 6-month mortality (25% vs 18%, HR = 0.55 [0.39, 0.77], P < .001), and orientation (Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test 6-month protocol effect = 9.2 [3.6, 14.7], P = .004). Comparing both groups using CREVICE, those who had used ICE previously had significantly better GOSE (protocol effect = 1.15 [0.09, 2.20], P = .033).

CONCLUSION:
Centers managing adult sTBI without ICP monitoring should strongly consider protocolization through adopting/adapting the CREVICE protocol. Protocolization is indirectly supported at sTBI centers regardless of resource availability.
Coilin mediates m6A RNA methylation through phosphorylation of METTL3
Authors: McLaurin Douglas M. , Tucker Sara K. , Hebert Michael D. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. An important step in miRNA biogenesis occurs when primary miRNAs are bound and cleaved by the microprocessor to generate precursor miRNAs. Regulation at this step is essential and one such regulator includes m6A RNA methylation, an RNA modification found on primary miRNAs that is installed by METTL3 and bound by hnRNPA2B1. Our lab has recently discovered that the Cajal body marker protein coilin also participates in miRNA biogenesis and hypothesized that coilin may be influencing miRNA biogenesis through m6A RNA methylation. Here we report that coilin suppression reduces m6A on primary Let7a and miR-21. We also found that coilin suppression reduced the protein expression of hnRNPA2B1 and METTL3. We observed an interaction between coilin and ectopically expressed METTL3 and found that coilin suppression reduced the nucleoplasmic portion of METTL3 and blunted ectopic METTL3 phosphorylation. Finally, coilin suppression disrupted the greater METTL3 complex with cofactors METTL14 and WTAP. Collectively, our work has uncovered a role for coilin in mediating m6A RNA methylation and provides an avenue by which coilin participates in miRNA biogenesis.
The rise of the throat distemper
Authors: Hussain Aneela 
Published: December 2023

Diphtheria vaccination in the EPI program has controlled much of the childhood infection. Nevertheless, sporadic adult cases of Diphtheria come up every now and then in Pakistan and other South-Asian countries. This is, most likely, due to the lack of booster dosing of Diphtheria vaccine in adulthood. In an effort to suppress the spread of this infection, adult vaccinations need to be mandated.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.2(ICON).8954
How to cite this: Hussain A. The rise of the throat distemper. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(2):S85-S86. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.2(ICON).8954
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
O imbróglio da periculosidade na manutenção dos manicômios judiciários: as decisões dos desembargadores paranaenses
Authors: Becker Nisiide Ana Carolina , Bagatin Thiago , Boarini Maria Lucia 
Published: December 2023

Objetivamos com esse estudo problematizar o conceito de periculosidade e, mais do que isso, compreender quais variáveis estão sendo utilizadas no judiciário para balizar esse conceito, corroborando para manutenção da internação do sujeito em sofrimento mental. Como metodologia nos valemos da pesquisa documental ao analisarmos 24 acórdãos que tramitaram entre os anos de 2001 e 2017, na segunda instância do Tribunal de Justiça do Paraná, selecionados a partir do descritor “psiquiátrica” e que eram de acesso público. Como resultados, verificamos que existe uma jurisprudência consolidada que referenda o cumprimento de medidas de segurança em manicômios judiciários, a despeito dos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica. Constatamos ainda que a gravidade do delito, a psicopatologia diagnosticada e a ausência de crítica são fatores que contribuem para a manutenção da internação e fundamentando o imbróglio da periculosidade. Somado a isso, identificamos que a falta de suporte familiar e da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial também vêm justificando a manutenção da internação.

Palavras-Chave: manicômio judiciário; periculosidade; justiça; saúde mental.
Einsatz von XR zur Belebung von Leerständen
Authors: Küffmann Karin 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungVirtuelle und Augmented Reality (VR/AR) sind als innovative Technologien vielseitig einsetzbar. Sowohl im Online-, aber auch im stationären Handel sind schon etliche innovative immersive Anwendungen entstanden, die neue kognitive und affektive Interaktions- und Informationsmöglichkeiten bieten. In den Bereichen Kunst, Immobilien, Architektur, Gaming, Fashion, Stadtplanung und -führungen finden sich ebenfalls mehr und mehr AR/VR Anwendungen. In diesem Beitrag wird nach einer Sichtung ausgewählter immersiver Projekte ein Konzept zur Nutzung von AR bzw. VR für Leerstände in einer ehemals attraktiven Einkaufsmeile vorgestellt. Neben gängigen Technologien und der Interoperabilität liegt der Fokus auf Belebung, Interaktion und Vernetzung der bestehenden Akteure eines Stadtteils. Die Leerstände sollen technologisch und thematisch vielseitig möglichst als Mitmachkonzept für viele Beteiligte mit XR belebt werden und so einen Beitrag zur Revitalisierung des Viertels leisten.