bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spray‐painting and chronic airways obstruction
Authors: Glindmeyer Henry W. , Lefante John J. , Rando Roy J. , Freyder Laurie , Hnizdo Eva , Jones Robert N. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to investigate the respiratory response of HDI‐based paint aerosol within the context of the protection afforded by current exposure guidelines.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 240 painters spraying polyurethane enamels was undertaken at four aircraft maintenance plants. Questionnaire and spirometric data were related to gravimetric measures of cumulative total and respirable paint aerosol (TPA and RPA) and estimated isocyanate in total and respirable aerosols (TIA and RIA).ResultsAverage cumulative exposures in mg/m3‐years ± SD were 159.0 ± 115.2 TPA, 19.1 ± 13.8 RPA, 15.8 ± 11.5 TIA, and 1.9 ± 1.4 RIA. After adjusting for smoking and asthma symptoms, higher exposures were associated with statistically significant reduction in expiratory flowrates. Significant smoking‐related reductions were also observed, without exposure interactions.ConclusionsThese results suggest important respiratory effects from exposures to spray paint aerosols at levels generally in compliance with existing standards for otherwise unregulated particulates and for the isocyanate component of the paint. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:104–111, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone‐rod dystrophy
Authors: Walters Brent A. , Raff Michael L. , Hoeve James Ver , Tesser Rachel , Langer Leonard O. , France Thomas D. , Glass Ian A. , Pauli Richard M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of ophthalmologic abnormality and intrinsic skeletal dysplasia is uncommon. We describe eight instances of a unique form of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) associated with cone‐rod dystrophy (although documentation is insufficient to be certain of that diagnosis in some). This is a new, syndromic form of SMD for which there is evidence for autosomal recessive transmission. Recognition of the specific bony features described here should precipitate comprehensive ophthalmologic assessment, since vision impairment becomes significantly disabling with age. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital glaucoma and brain stem atrophy as features of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Authors: Crow Yanick J. , Massey R.F. , Innes J.R. , Pairaudeau P.W. , Rowland Hill C.A. , Woods C.G. , Ali M. , Livingston J.H. , Lebon P. , Nischall K. , McEntagart M. , Hindocha N. , Winter R.M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe report on three children from two families with Aicardi–Goutières syndrome. All three had congenital glaucoma. Additionally, neuroimaging demonstrated significant brain stem atrophy in the affected sib‐pair. These features have not been previously described in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome and expand the phenotypic spectrum. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Idiopathic hyposmia as a preclinical sign of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ponsen Mirthe M. , Stoffers Diederick , Booij Jan , van Eck‐Smit Berthe L. F. , Wolters Erik Ch. , Berendse Henk W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction is an early and common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). In an effort to determine whether otherwise unexplained (idiopathic) olfactory dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of developing PD, we designed a prospective study in a cohort of 361 asymptomatic relatives (parents, siblings, or children) of PD patients. A combination of olfactory detection, identification, and discrimination tasks was used to select groups of hyposmic (n = 40) and normosmic (n = 38) individuals for a 2‐year clinical follow‐up evaluation and sequential single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using [123I]β‐CIT as a dopamine transporter ligand, to assess nigrostriatal dopaminergic function at baseline and 2 years from baseline. A validated questionnaire, sensitive to the presence of parkinsonism, was used in the follow‐up of the remaining 283 relatives. Two years from baseline, 10% of the individuals with idiopathic hyposmia, who also had strongly reduced [123I]β‐CIT binding at baseline, had developed clinical PD as opposed to none of the other relatives in the cohort. In the remaining nonparkinsonian hyposmic relatives, the average rate of decline in dopamine transporter binding was significantly higher than in the normosmic relatives. These results indicate that idiopathic olfactory dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of developing PD of at least 10%. Ann Neurol 2004
Influence of somatosensory input on motor function in patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Floel Agnes , Nagorsen Ulrike , Werhahn Konrad J. , Ravindran Shashi , Birbaumer Niels , Knecht Stefan , Cohen Leonardo G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn healthy volunteers, reduction of somatosensory input from one hand leads to rapid performance improvements in the other hand. Thus, it is possible that reduction of somatosensory input from the healthy hand can influence motor function in the paretic hand of chronic stroke patients with unilateral hand weakness. To test this hypothesis, we had 13 chronic stroke patients perform motor tasks with the paretic hand and arm during cutaneous anesthesia of the healthy hand and healthy foot in separate sessions. Performance of a finger tapping task, but not a wrist flexion task, improved significantly with anesthesia of the hand, but not the foot. This effect progressed with the duration of anesthesia and correlated with baseline motor function. We conclude that cutaneous anesthesia of the healthy hand elicits transient site‐specific improvements in motor performance of the moderately paretic hand in patients with chronic stroke, consistent with interhemispheric competition models of sensorimotor processing. Ann Neurol 2004;56:206–212
An anti‐ganglioside antibody‐secreting hybridoma induces neuropathy in mice
Authors: Sheikh Kazim A. , Zhang Gang , Gong Yanpin , Schnaar Ronald L. , Griffin John W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractImmune responses against gangliosides are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of some variants of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). For example, IgG antibodies against GM1, GD1a, and related gangliosides are frequently present in patients with post‐Campylobacter acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) variant of GBS, and immunization of rabbits with GM1 has produced a model of AMAN. However, the role of anti‐ganglioside antibodies in GBS continues to be debated because of lack of a passive transfer model. We recently have raised several monoclonal IgG anti‐ganglioside antibodies. We passively transfer these antibodies by intraperitoneal hybridoma implantation and by systemic administration of purified anti‐ganglioside antibodies in mice. Approximately half the animals implanted with an intraperitoneal clone of anti‐ganglioside antibody‐secreting hybridoma developed a patchy, predominantly axonal neuropathy affecting a small proportion of nerve fibers. In contrast to hybridoma implantation, passive transfer with systemically administered anti‐ganglioside antibodies did not cause nerve fiber degeneration despite high titre circulating antibodies. Blood–nerve barrier studies indicate that animals implanted with hybridoma had leaky blood–nerve barrier compared to mice that received systemically administered anti‐ganglioside antibodies. Our findings suggest that in addition to circulating antibodies, factors such as antibody accessibility and nerve fiber resistance to antibody‐mediated injury play a role in the development of neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2004;56:228–239
Microstructural white matter changes in carriers of the DYT1 gene mutation
Authors: Carbon Maren , Kingsley Peter B. , Su Sherwin , Smith Gwenn S. , Spetsieris Phoebe , Bressman Susan , Eidelberg David 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the DYT1 genotype is associated with a disorder of anatomical connectivity involving primarily the sensorimotor cortex. We used diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) to assess the microstructure of white matter pathways in mutation carriers and control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of axonal integrity and coherence, was reduced (p < 0.005) in the subgyral white matter of the sensorimotor cortex of DYT1 carriers. Abnormal anatomical connectivity of the supplementary motor area may contribute to the susceptibility of DYT1 carriers to develop clinical manifestations of dystonia. Ann Neurol 2004
The factor V G1691A mutation is a risk for porencephaly: A case–control study
Authors: Debus Otfried M. , Kosch Andrea , Sträter Ronald , Rossi Rainer , Nowak‐Göttl Ulrike 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis study was initiated to investigate prothrombotic risk factors in children with porencephaly. 76 porencephalic and 76 healthy infants were investigated for factor V (FV) G1691A mutation, factor II G20210A variant, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype, lipoprotein (a), protein C, protein S, and antithrombin. Only the FV mutation (p = 0.005) and combinations of two or three different risk factors (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with porencephaly. These data give evidence that the FV G1691A mutation and a combination of prothromboic factors play a major role in the development of childhood porencephaly. Ann Neurol 2004.
Functional significance of S6K overexpression in meningioma progression
Authors: Surace Ezequiel I. , Lusis Eriks , Haipek Carrie A. , Gutmann David H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractOne common genetic change in anaplastic meningiomas is amplification of chromosome 17q23 containing the S6 kinase (S6K) gene. We show, for the first time to our knowledge, increasedS6KmRNA expression in anaplastic meningiomas compared with benign tumors. To evaluateS6Kas a candidate meningioma progression gene, we generated IOMM‐Lee human meningioma cell lines overexpressing S6K. Whereas no effect of S6K overexpression on meningioma cell growth, motility, or adhesion was observed in vitro, S6K overexpression resulted in increased tumor size in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that S6K is functionally important for meningioma progression and may represent a target for future meningioma therapy. Ann Neurol 2004
Polycystins and mechanosensation in renal and nodal cilia
Authors: Nauli Surya M. , Zhou Jing 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe external surfaces of the human body, as well as its internal organs, constantly experience different kinds of mechanical stimulations. For example, tubular epithelial cells of the kidney are continuously exposed to a variety of mechanical forces, such as fluid flow shear stress within the lumen of th nephron. The majority of epithelial cells along the nephron, except intercalated cells, possess a primary cilium, an organelle projecting from the cell's apical surface into the luminal space. Despite its discovery over 100 years ago, the primary cilium's function continued to elude researchers for many decades. However, recent studies indicate that renal cilia have a sensory function. Studies on polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have identified many of the molecular players, which should help solve the mystery of how the renal cilium senses fluid flow. In this review, we will summarize the recent breakthroughs in PKD research and discuss the role(s) of th polycystin signaling complex in mediating mechanosensory function by the primary cilium of renal epithelium as well as of the embryonic node. BioEssays 26:844–856, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE): unraveling the bioinformatics tools
Authors: Tuteja Renu , Tuteja Narendra 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSerial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful technique that can be used for global analysis of gene expression. Its chief advantage over other methods is that it does not require prior knowledge of the genes of interest and provides qualitative and quantitative data of potentially every transcribed sequence in a particular cell or tissue type. This is a technique of expression profiling, which permits simultaneous, comparative and quantitative analysis of gene‐specific, 9‐ to 13‐basepair sequences. These short sequences, called SAGE tags, are linked together for efficient sequencing. The sequencing data are then analyzed to identify each gene expressed in the cell and the levels at which each gene is expressed. The main benefit of SAGE includes the digital output and the identification of novel genes. In this review, we present an outline of the method, various bioinformatics methods for data analysis and general applications of this important technology. BioEssays 26:916–922, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The redox regulation of intermediary metabolism by a superoxide–aconitase rheostat
Authors: Armstrong Jeffrey S. , Whiteman Matthew , Yang Hongyuan , Jones Dean P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this article, we discuss a hypothesis to explain the preferential synthesis of the superoxide sensitive form of aconitase in mitochondria and the phenotype observed in manganese superoxide dismutase mutant mice, which show a gross over accumulation of stored fat in liver. The model proposes that intermediary metabolism is redox regulated by mitochondrial superoxide generated during mitochondrial respiration. This regulates the level of reducing equivalents (NADH) entering the electron transport chain (ETC) through the reversible inactivation of mitochondrial aconitase. This control mechanism has a dual function; firstly, it regulates levels of superoxide generated by the ETC and, secondly, it fine‐tunes metabolism by channeling citrate either for the production of NADH for energy metabolism or diverting it for the synthesis of fats. In this setting, the mitochondrial redox state influences metabolic decisions via a superoxide–aconitase rheostat. BioEssays 26:894–900, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional genomics studied by proteomics
Authors: Honoré Bent , Østergaard Morten , Vorum Henrik 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe human genome contains about 30,000 genes, each creating several transcripts per gene. Transcript structures and expression are studied by high‐throughput transcriptomic techniques using microarrays. Generally, transcripts are not directly operating molecules, but are translated into functional proteins, post‐translationally modified by proteolysis, glycosylation, phosphorylation, etc., sometimes with great functional impact. Proteins need to be analyzed by proteomic techniques, less suited for high‐throughput. Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE), separating thousands of proteins has developed slowly over the past quarter of a century. This technique is now quite reproducible and suitable for differential proteomics, comparing normal and diseased cells/tissues revealing differentially regulated proteins. 2D‐PAGE is combined with protein‐identification methods, currently mass spectrometry (MS), which has been significantly improved over the last decade. Other proteomic techniques studying protein–protein interactions are now either established or still being developed, such as peptide or protein arrays, phage display, and the yeast two‐hybrid system. The strengths and weaknesses of these techniques are discussed. BioEssays 26:901–915, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Opposing FGF and retinoid pathways: a signalling switch that controls differentiation and patterning onset in the extending vertebrate body axis
Authors: del Corral Ruth Diez , Storey Kate G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractConstruction of the trunk/caudal region of the vertebrate embryo involves a set of distinct molecules and processes whose relationships are just coming into focus. In addition to the subdivision of the embryo into head and trunk domains, this “caudalisation” process requires the establishment and maintenance of a stem zone. This sequentially generates caudal tissues over a long period which then undergo differentiation and patterning in the extending body axis. Here we review recent studies that show that changes in the signalling properties of the paraxial mesoderm act as a switch that controls onset of differentiation and pattern in the spinal cord. These findings identify distinct roles for different caudalising factors; in particular, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) inhibits differentiation in the caudal stem zone, while Retinoic acid (RA) provided rostrally by somitic mesoderm is required for neuronal differentiation and establishment of ventral neural pattern. Furthermore, the mutual opposition of FGF and RA pathways controls not only neural differentiation but also mesoderm segmentation and might also underlie the progressive assignment of rostrocaudal identity by regulating Hox gene availability and activation. BioEssays 26:857–869, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ins and outs of lysophosphatidic acid signaling
Authors: Moolenaar Wouter H. , van Meeteren Laurens A. , Giepmans Ben N.G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator with a wide variety of biological actions, particularly as an inducer of cell proliferation, migration and survival. LPA binds to specific G‐protein‐coupled receptors and thereby activates multiple signal transduction pathways, including those initiated by the small GTPases Ras, Rho, and Rac. LPA signaling has been implicated in such diverse processes as wound healing, brain development, vascular remodeling and tumor progression. Knowledge of precisely how and where LPA is produced has long proved elusive. Excitingly, it has recently been discovered that LPA is generated from precursors by ‘autotaxin’, a once enigmatic exo‐phosphodiesterase implicated in tumor cell motility. Exogenous phospholipases D can also produce LPA, which may contribute to their toxicity. Here we review recent progress in our understanding of LPA bioactivity, signaling and synthesis. BioEssays 26:870–881, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coming to our senses
Authors: Treisman Jessica E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSensory organs are specialized to receive different kinds of input from the outside world. However, common features of their development suggest that they could have a shared evolutionary origin. In a recent paper, Niwa et al.1 show that three Drosophila adult sensory organs all rely on the spatial signals Decapentaplegic and Wingless to specify their position, and the temporal signal ecdysone to initiate their development. The proneural gene atonal is an important site for integration of these regulatory inputs. These results suggest the existence of a primitive sensory organ precursor, which would differentiate according to the identity of its segment of origin. The authors argue that the eyeless gene controls eye disc identity, indirectly producing an eye from the sensory organ precursor within this disc. BioEssays 26:825–828, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mouse‐centric comparative transcriptomics of protein coding and non‐coding RNAs
Authors: Suzuki Masanori , Hayashizaki Yoshihide 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe largest transcriptome reported so far comprises 60,770 mouse full‐length cDNA clones, and is an effective reference data set for comparative transcriptomics. The number of mouse cDNAs identified greatly exceeds the number of genes predicted from the sequenced human and mouse genomes. This is largely because of extensive alternative splicing and the presence of many non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are difficult to predict from genomic sequences. Notably, ncRNAs are a major component of the transcriptomes of higher organisms, and many sense–antisense pairs have been identified. The ncRNAs function in a range of regulatory mechanisms for gene expression and other biological processes. They might also have contributed to the increased functional diversification of genomes during evolution. In this review, we discuss aspects of the transcriptome of various organisms in relation to the mouse data, in order to shed light on the regulatory mechanisms and physiological significance of these abundant RNAs. BioEssays 26:833–843, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The PARP superfamily
Authors: Amé Jean‐Christophe , Spenlehauer Catherine , de Murcia Gilbert 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation is an immediate DNA‐damage‐dependent post‐translational modification of histones and other nuclear proteins that contributes to the survival of injured proliferating cells. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases (PARPs) now constitute a large family of 18 proteins, encoded by different genes and displaying a conserved catalytic domain in which PARP‐1 (113 kDa), the founding member, and PARP‐2 (62 kDa) are so far the sole enzymes whose catalytic activity has been shown to be immediately stimulated by DNA strand breaks. A large repertoire of sequences encoding novel PARPs now extends considerably the field of poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation reactions to various aspects of the cell biology including cell proliferation and cell death. Some of these new members interact with each other, share common partners and common subcellular localizations suggesting possible fine tuning in the regulation of this post‐translational modification of proteins. This review summarizes our present knowledge of this emerging superfamily, which might ultimately improve pharmacological strategies to enhance both antitumor efficacy and the treatment of a number of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. A provisional nomenclature is proposed. BioEssays 26:882–893, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Renewed debate over postnatal oogenesis in the mammalian ovary
Authors: Greenfeld Chuck , Flaws Jodi A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe central dogma of female reproductive biology has long held that oogenesis ceases prior to birth in mammals. During the first half of the last century, there was much debate about whether this was the case or whether oogenesis continued in the postnatal ovary. A report in 1951 effectively put an end to this debate and laid the foundation for the dogma. A new paper by Johnson et al. (2004)1 resurrects the debate over whether postnatal oogenesis occurs in the mammalian ovary. If confirmed, this would have tremendous impact on issues related to female fertility and reproductive longevity. BioEssays 26:829–832, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new HPLC method for serum neopterin measurement and relationships with plasma thiols levels in healthy subjects
Authors: Carru Ciriaco , Zinellu Angelo , Sotgia Salvatore , Serra Roberta , Usai Maria Franca , Pintus Gian Franco , Pes Giovanni Mario , Deiana Luca 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNeopterin, a pyrazinopyrimidine compound, serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation, and it can be used as a prognostic predictor for certain types of diseases. We propose a new simple HPLC method to measure serum neopterin with highly sensitive ﬂuorimetric detection. After TCA serum protein precipitation, the supernatant was diluted ﬁve times, injected into a C18 reversed‐phase column and eluted at a ﬂow rate of 1.5 mL/min by an isocratic water–acetonitrile (99:1) mobile phase. The natural ﬂuorescence of the molecule was detected at excitation wavelength 353 nm and emission 438 nm. In these conditions the neopterin retention time was about 4 min. Our proposed method was compared with a validated chromatographic separation, and the obtained data of the serum neopterin from 35 healthy volunteers were analysed by Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman test. Neopterin measurement in healthy subjects was also employed to investigate on its potential relationships with plasma thiols levels. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.