bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information, consent and perceived coercion: patients' perspectives on electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Rose Dana S. , Wykes Til H. , Bindman Jonathan P. , Fleischmann Pete S. 
Published: January 2005

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure that attracts special safeguards under common law for voluntary patients and under both current and proposed mental health legislation, for those receiving compulsory treatment.AimsTo review patients' views on issues of information, consent and perceived coercion.MethodSeventeen papers and reports were identified that dealt with patients' views on information and consent in relation to ECT; 134 ‘testimonies' or first-hand accounts were identified. The papers and reports were subjected to a descriptive systematic review. The testimony data were analysed qualitatively.ResultsApproximately half the patients reported that they had received sufficient information about ECT and side-effects. Approximately a third did not feel they had freely consented to ECTeven when they had signed a consent form. Clinician-led research evaluates these findings to mean that patients trust their doctors, whereas user-led work evaluates similar findings as showing inadequacies in informed consent.ConclusionNeither current nor proposed safeguards for patients are sufficient to ensure informed consent with respect to ECT, at least in England and Wales.
Value of measuring suicidal intent in the assessment of people attending hospital following self-poisoning or self-injury
Authors: Harriss Louise , Hawton Keith , Zahl Daniel 
Published: January 2005

BackgroundSelf-harm is associated with a high risk of suicide. It is unclear whether suicidal intent at the time of self-harm is a risk factor for future suicidal behaviour.AimsTo investigate the relationship between suicidal intent and patient characteristics, repetition of self-harm, and suicide.MethodClinical and demographic data on 4415 patients presenting to hospital following self-harm between 1993 and 2000 were analysed. Suicidal intent was measured using the Beck Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). Follow-up information on repetition of self-harm and suicide was investigated for 2489 patients presenting between 1993 and 1997.ResultsSuicidal intent at the time of self-harm was associated with risk of subsequent suicide, especially within the first year and among female patients. Suicide was more strongly associated with scores on the circumstances section of the SIS than the self-report section. The association between repetition of self-harm and SIS scores was different for male and female patients.ConclusionsThe measurement of suicidal intent in the assessment of self-harm patients is beneficial for the evaluation of future suicide risk. A shortened measuring scale might be useful in clinical practice.
First-contact incidence of schizophrenia in Surinam
Authors: Selten Jean-Paul , Zeyl Caroline , Dwarkasing Rudi , Lumsden Vincent , Kahn Rene S. , van Harten Peter N. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryWe tested the hypothesis that the increased incidence of schizophrenia among Surinamese immigrants to The Netherlands could be explained by a similarly high incidence in Surinam. We conducted a 1-year first-contact incidence study in Surinam and compared the findings with data from a similar study conducted in The Netherlands using the same inclusion criteria and instruments. The risk of developing a schizophrenic disorder was 2.4 times higher (95% CI 1.3–4.2) in Surinamese immigrants than in residents of Surinam. The increased risk is probably due to environmental factors in The Netherlands.
The Camberwell Assessment of Need: comparison of assessments by staff and patients in an inner-city and a semi-rural community area
Authors: Najim Hellme , McCrone Paul 
Published: January 2005

Aims and MethodThe aim of the study was to examine the association between the assessment of need by staff and by severely mentally ill patients using the Camberwell Assessment of Need in a semi-rural setting (Maidstone, n=50) and an inner-city area (Camberwell, n=127). Staff and patients were interviewed separately. We specifically examined differences in the total number of needs between Camberwell and Maidstone, differences in the number of unmet needs and differences in the level of agreement between staff and service users.ResultsPatients in Maidstone had fewer needs than those in Camberwell according to both staff (4.9 v. 5.8) and patients (4.2 v. 6.3), fewer unmet needs rated (staff, 1.1 v. 1.5; patients, 1.0 v. 1.9) and a greater level of concordance between staff and patients.Clinical ImplicationsThe needs of severely mentally ill patients were greater in the inner-city area compared with the semi-rural one. The fact that agreement between staff and service users was less in the inner-city area also suggests that more stable staff–patient relationships existed in the rural area.
Physical health and health risk factors in a population of long-stay psychiatric patients
Authors: Cormac Irene , Ferriter Michael , Benning Ram , Saul Carol 
Published: January 2005

Aims and MethodTo evaluate the physical health and health risk factors in long-stay psychiatric patients in a high secure psychiatric hospital. A cross-sectional survey of consenting patients was undertaken using a semi-structured questionnaire, a brief physical examination and review of patient case notes. A comparison was made with data collected on admission and held on the Special Hospitals' Case Register.ResultsMain findings were: a mean increase in weight since admission, in men of 10.62 kg and in women of 12.74 kg; high rates of smoking, obesity and large waist size; 54% of patients had one or more health problems.Clinical ImplicationsThe study's profile of the physical health of psychiatric in-patients indicates the need for health promotion initiatives in such hospitals and the need for primary care services.
‘Help is at Hand’ on the web – what do our readers think?
Authors: Timms Philip , Hart Deborah , Cohen Alexandra , Briscoe Martin , McClure Mike 
Published: January 2005

Aims and MethodTo describe the development of public education materials provided by the Royal College of Psychiatrists in the ‘Help is at Hand’ series of leaflets, and to assess the acceptability and usefulness of information about mental health on the College website by analysis of the online responses of those accessing this information.ResultsMore than 4000 responses to 14 of the ‘Help is at Hand’ leaflets were analysed. Ratings were generally high, with the exception of the statement ‘This leaflet talks down to me’. Free text responses were generally positive.Clinical ImplicationsThe College website is an accessible source of high-quality mental health information of the sort demanded by both service users and current health policy.
Service innovations: risk assessment in learning disability
Authors: Bhaumik S. , Nadkarni S. S. , Biswas A. B. , Watson J. M. 
Published: January 2005

Aims and MethodThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the care programme approach (CPA) in adults with learning disabilities in a specialist treatment unit by auditing all in-patient records over a 6-month period. A multidisciplinary team set CPA standards. Staff on the unit completed questionnaires about patients, including CPA screening and risk assessment/management, and carers completed questionnaires about their perceptions of risk and information sharing.ResultsOf the 15 patients whose records were reviewed, 13 had CPA screening on admission and 12 on discharge. Before discharge, 9 patients had a CPA planning meeting and only 4 patients had a demonstrable risk management plan. Carers of 9 patients perceived that information was shared.Clinical ImplicationsMajor deficiencies identified in risk assessment and management and in information sharing may potentially jeopardise successful treatment and after-care.
NMR velocimetry of flow in model fixed‐bed reactors of low aspect ratio
Authors: Ren Xiaohong , Stapf Siegfried , Blümich Bernhard 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe velocity distributions of flow of a single fluid phase through packed beds of various geometrical properties were investigated by combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with velocity‐encoding and pulsed‐field‐gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG‐NMR) experiments. The beds were generated from random packings of spherical glass beads and commercial porous catalyst pellets with spherical and cylindrical shape of different sizes dpinside cylindrical tubes of diameter dt. Flow investigations were performed for reduced dimensionless tube diameters dt/dp(aspect ratio) in the range 1.4–32. The influence of pellet ordering effects on the distribution of flow channels is demonstrated using static and velocity encoded spin density images. The velocity distribution averaged over the radial coordinate in the tube follows an oscillatory pattern that largely reflects the ordering of the particles themselves. This is found for spheres and, although less pronounced, for irregularly shaped catalyst particles. In all cases, flow occurs mainly along a few backbone branches, constituting a small fraction of the total cross section of the reactor. With the exception of large aspect ratios, the dominating contribution to flow occurs near the inner tube wall. The evolution of the relative fractions of flowing and stagnant fluid is discussed as a function of encoding time, and time‐dependent dispersion coefficients are obtained for the preasymptotic case. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 392–405, 2005
GJB2 mutations in keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness syndrome including its fatal form
Authors: Janecke Andreas R. , Hennies Hans Christian , Günther Barbara , Gansl Gabriele , Smolle Josef , Messmer Elisabeth M. , Utermann Gerd , Rittinger Olaf 
Published: January 2005

AbstractKeratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness syndrome (KID; MIM 148210) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by vascularizing keratitis, sensorineural hearing loss (HL), and progressive erythrokeratoderma. Clinical variability including a fatal course of KID in the first year of life has been reported. Germline missense mutations in GJB2, encoding connexin‐26, were recently found to cause KID in 14 unrelated juvenile and adult patients. We identified a de novo GJB2 mutation G45E in a patient displaying the fatal form of the disease. No mutations were detected in five other connexin and mitochondrial genes. The G45E mutation was not reported previously in Caucasian patients but was the third most common GJB2 mutation (16% of disease alleles) in Japanese patients with autosomal recessive non‐syndromic HL. This finding suggests different modes of action of the same GJB2 mutation depending on the genetic background. This hypothesis was further substantiated by our observation of a variable clinical course in unrelated KID patients from Austria harboring the common D50N mutation in GJB2. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CHARGE association in Sweden: Malformations and functional deficits
Authors: Strömland Kerstin , Sjögreen Lotta , Johansson Maria , Ekman Joelsson Britt‐Marie , Miller Marilyn , Danielsson Susanna , Billstedt Eva , Gillberg Christopher , Jacobsson Catharina , Norinder Jan Andersson , Granström Gösta 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCHARGE association (CA) consists of a non‐random association of ocular coloboma (C), heart anomaly (H), atresia of choanae (A), retarded growth and/or development (R), genital hypoplasia (G), and ear anomalies and/or hearing impairment (E). A prospective multidisciplinary study of 31 Swedish patients with CA was undertaken in order to describe the associated malformations and functional deficits, find possible etiological factors and identify critical time periods for the maldevelopment. The clinical files were analyzed, the mothers answered a questionnaire on history of prenatal events, and a clinical evaluation of systemic findings, vision, hearing, balance, speech, oral and swallowing function, and neuro‐psychiatric function, especially autism, was performed. The most frequent physical abnormalities affected ears (90%), eyes (90%), brain (61%), heart (52%), retarded growth (48%), genitals (38%), choanae (35%), and facial nerve (32%). Sixty‐one percent of the patients were visually impaired or blind, and 74% had hearing loss or deafness. Problems in balance, speech, and eating were common. Forty percent of the patients had autism/atypical autism, and 82% had developmental delay. Three children were born following assisted fertilization and two mothers had diabetes. The mothers reported infections, bleedings, and drug use during pregnancy. Analysis of possible critical time periods suggested that most malformations were produced early in pregnancy, mainly during post conceptual weeks 4, 5, and 6. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the assessment and management of CA. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calculation of the binding free energy for magnesium–RNA interactions
Authors: Petrov Anton S. , Lamm Gene , Pack George R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe nature of the interaction between nucleic acids and divalent ions in solution is complex. It includes long‐range electrostatic and short‐range nonelectrostatic forces. Water molecules can be in an inner coordination shell that intervenes between the ion and its binding site. This work describes a method for calculating the binding free energy and applies it to a specific Mg–RNA system (Protein Data Bank ID: 1H2R) in the presence of monovalent salt. The approach combines high‐level ab initio theory with Poisson–Boltzmann calculations and provides an accurate description of all terms of the binding free energy for magnesium ions located at the RNA surface (including nonelectrostatic interactions). Some alternative macroscopic approaches are also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2005
Integrating environmental management and supply chain strategies
Authors: Handfield Robert , Sroufe Robert , Walton Steven 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe decisions related to managing the supply chain and supply chain strategy are already considered important in many organizations. As more executives adopt environmental practices, supply chain strategies will only increase in importance. In this paper, we review how companies develop environmental supply chain strategies. Our interviews with companies from The United States, The United Kingdom, Japan and Korea, along with prior research, are used to develop a framework for environmental supply chain strategy decision‐making. We then use this framework to suggest guidelines for how companies might change their current supply chain practices to successfully integrate environmental issues into their supply chain strategy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Principles for sustainability rating of investment funds
Authors: Koellner Thomas , Weber Olaf , Fenchel Marcus , Scholz Roland 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDuring the last decade, the idea of sustainable investments hit the market. Investors both private and institutional started to supplement financial considerations with social and ecological ones. Meanwhile the supply of mutual funds in the ‘green’ investment sector increased enormously. Currently in Europe about 300 mutual funds are available that are managed according to sustainability and social responsibility. Potential investors face the difficulty of keeping track of the various funds and choosing among them based on a reliable comparative assessment. This paper outlines the basic principles and methods on which such a comparative sustainability rating is based. The method was designed to be analogous to rating of the funds financially. The sustainability rating is based on assessment of the research processes in the fund management as well as investigation of the fund portfolio in terms of composition and sustainability performance. It should support investors in their investment choices by offering them a third party view. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Crack face contact, frictional sliding and mesh design flexibility
Authors: Gu Pei , Nordlund Per , Asaro R. J. , Uang C. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPhysical loading sometimes causes crack face contact and frictional sliding. The relative sliding of the face induces modes II and III types of stress intensities at the crack tip region. This paper discusses domain integral method of calculating the J integral when crack face contact and sliding by friction are considered for general cracked geometries. The scheme of including crack face contact and sliding is implemented in a finite element code. Numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy for J integral value in this case. In addition, we present an approach for mesh design flexibility at the crack tip region to suit complicated engineering geometries. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding of olive oil phenolics to food proteins
Authors: Pripp Are Hugo , Vreeker Rob , van Duynhoven John 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the interaction of phenolics extracted from olive oil with different food proteins (sodium caseinate, bovine serum albumin, β‐lactoglobulin and gelatin). Binding parameters are estimated using different experimental techniques: gel filtration, HPLC, isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR diffusion measurements. For comparison, the binding properties of gallic acid and tannic acid are also studied. The affinity of olive oil phenolics for the different food proteins is found to be relatively weak (compared with tannic acid). Binding constants are measured for the different phenolics in the extract: tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol do not (or very weakly) bind to the proteins, whereas other phenolics in the extract had binding constants of the order 102–104 M−1. The binding parameters determined have been discussed in relation to the possible effect of proteins on sensory properties (bitterness) of food emulsions containing olive oil. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Canonical geometrically ruled surfaces
Authors: Fuentes García Luis , Pedreira Manuel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe prove the existence of canonical scrolls; that is, scrolls playing the role of canonical curves. First of all, they provide the geometrical version of Riemann Roch Theorem: any special scroll is the projection of a canonical scroll and they allow to understand the classification of special scrolls in PN. Canonical scrolls correspond to the projective model of canonical geometrically ruled surfaces over a smooth curve. We also prove that the generic canonical scroll is projectively normal except in the hyperelliptic case and for very particular cases in the nonhyperelliptic situation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exact boundary controllability of unsteady flows in a network of open canals
Authors: Li Tatsien 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBy means of the general results on the exact boundary controllability for quasilinear hyperbolic systems, the author establishes the exact boundary controllability of unsteady flows in both a single open canal and a network of open canals with star configuration respectively. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convolution type operators on cones and their finite sections
Authors: Mascarenhas Helena , Silbermann Bernd 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper is concerned with finite sections of convolution type operators defined on cones, whose symbol is the Fourier transform of an integrable function on ℝ2. The algebra of these finite sections satisfies a set of axioms (standard model) that ensures some asymptotic properties like the convergence of the condition numbers, singular values, ε‐pseudospectrum and also gives a relation between the singular values of an approximation sequence and the kernel dimensions of a set of associated operators. This approach furnishes a method to determine whether a Fredholm convolution operator on a cone is invertible. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Irregularities of semilinear hyperbolic equations
Authors: Uchikoshi Keisuke 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe consider local solvability of semilinear hyperbolic Cauchy problems for Gevrey functions. To obtain a general result, we define the notion of irregularities, and we give a criterion for the local solvability. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Finite volume method for simulation of extrusion processes
Authors: Bašić H. , Demirdžić I. , Muzaferija S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the development of a finite volume method for prediction of plastic flow of metals during cold and hot extrusion processes is described. The method solves the equations governing mass, momentum and heat balance in their integral form, using discretization elements of an arbitrary polyhedral shape. Comparisons of the numerical and experimental results show a very good agreement, implying that the proposed numerical method can be used as a useful tool in designing extrusion processes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light‐emitting polymers containing 2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylthiophenyl moiety and different pendent groups
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Hsien , Lin Lieh‐Li , Hong Jin‐Long 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBy appropriate chemical reaction, different substituents can be selectively attached to the four phenyl rings present in 2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylthiophene (TP) to prepare monomers, namely 2,5‐bis(4‐bromophenyl)‐3,4‐diphenylthiophene (BTP), 2,5‐bis(4‐bromophenyl)‐3,4‐bis[4‐(nonan‐1‐one)phenyl] thiophene (BTP‐N2) and 2,5‐bis(4‐bromophenyl)‐3,4‐bis[4‐(2‐heptyl‐4‐phenylquinoline)phenyl]thiophene (BTP‐Qu2). Three light‐emitting polymers, PTP, PTP‐N2 and PTP‐Qu2, with the common TP backbone were prepared by zero‐valent nickel‐catalyzed polymerization of BTP, BTP‐N2 and BTP‐Qu2 monomers, respectively. The substituent on the 3,4‐phenyl rings of the TP framework has a profound effect on the polymer properties. Without any 3,4‐substituent, the rigid PTP polymer has low solubility in organic solvents. With the flexible nonanoyl substituent, the corresponding polymer, PTP‐N2, has improved solubility but low quantum efficiency (ΦF) due to the carbonyl group which enhances intersystem crossing. With both flexible chain and bulky 4‐phenylquinoline (PQ) ring substituents, PTP‐Qu2 has good solubility and an enhanced ΦF since the introduction of both flexible chain and bulky PQ ring substituents prevents close chain packing. All three polymers exhibit similar emission spectra despite the distinct difference in the absorption pattern of PTP‐Qu2 compared with those of PTP and PTP‐N2. In the case of PTP‐Qu2, there is energy transfer from the PQ pendent ring to the TP backbone and results in emission similar to PTP and PTP‐N2. The TP backbone common in all the three polymers is responsible for the emission from the corresponding excited states. The electrochemical properties of PTP‐Qu2 were also investigated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry