bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of twelve-hour preprandial and two-hour postprandial serum bile acids concentrations for diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in dogs
Authors: Center S. A. , ManWarren T. , Slater M. R. , Wilentz E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In samples collected from 170 dogs suspected of having hepatobiliary disease, preprandial serum bile acids (prsba) and postprandial serum bile acids (posba) concentrations were measured, using a spectrophotometric enzymatic method. Dogs were assigned to 8 disease groups and 1 control group on the basis of hepatic histopathologic findings. Pre- and postprandial sba concentrations and results of routine biochemical analyses (including total bilirubin, albumin, and bun concentrations, and serum alkaline phosphatase (alp), alanine transaminase (alt), and aspartate transaminase (ast) activities) were expressed, using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Single tests and combinations of tests in series were evaluated.
For diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease, the specificity of prsba was 100% at values > 20 μmol/L and of posba was 100% at values > 25 μmol/L. Test combinations with the best sensitivity for diagnosing the following diseases were: prsba-posba for cirrhosis, portosystemic vascular anomaly, and glucocorticoid hepatopathy; prsba-posba or prsba-alp for cholestasis; prsba-posba or alt-ast for chronic hepatitis; prsba-alt for hepatic necrosis and passive congestion; and prsba-alp for neoplasia. Test combinations with the overall highest sensitivity and positive predictive value for the fewest number of tests were prsba-posba, and either prsba or posba combined with an enzyme activity (alt, ast, or alp). The overall test efficacy for prsba vs posba was nearly identical: for prsba, it was 82.4%, and for posba, it was 82.3%.
On the basis of the results of this study, prsba > 20 μmol/L or posba > 25 μmol/L (measured by use of an enzymatic procedure) indicates histopathologic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system or portosystemic vascular anastomosis. Seemingly, determination of sba concentrations can be used to indicate the propriety for hepatic biopsy. Pre-and postprandial serum bile acids concentrations should be evaluated in conjunction with routinely used hepatobiliary screening tests for best diagnostic advantage.
Renosplenic entrapment of the large colon in horses: 33 cases (1984-1989)
Authors: Sivula Neal J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Between 1984 and 1989, 33 horses were diagnosed with renosplenic entrapment of the large colon. Duration of colic, signalment, physical findings, and laboratory values were determined, and treatment methods were evaluated. Nonsurgical correction was attempted in 22 of the horses with suspected renosplenic entrapment of the large colon and was successful in 11 cases. Survival and complication rates also were determined. Nonsurgical correction is a viable alternative to immediate surgery for renosplenic entrapment of the large colon, if cases are selected properly.
Antibiotic and sulfonamide residues from Food Safety Inspection Service bob veal calf tissues by region, from October 1987 to September 1988
Authors: Wilson Dennis J. , Franti Charles E. , Norman Ben B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Of 3,095 bob veal carcasses declared positive to the calf antibiotic and sulfonamide test (cast) performed by USDA-FSIS personnel during the fiscal year 1988, 967 were submitted to USDA-FSIS laboratories for intensified antimicrobial evaluation of kidney, liver, and muscle specimens. In the western region, cast-positive specimens were analyzed from certified calves, that is, calves declared free of antimicrobials by their producers. In the midwestern and eastern regions, 20% of the cast-positive carcass submissions were certified and 20% had not been certified. Among the regions, neomycin was the most commonly reported agent from kidney specimens; however, there were some distinct differences among regions (24.6% of the specimens in the Midwest, 37. 4% in the East, and 46.8% in the West). Reports of gentamicin in specimens also were different among regional laboratories (9.0% in the Midwest, 12.1% in the East, 3.1% in the West). Sulfamethazine was less frequently reported by the western laboratory, never exceeding 2% among the 3 tissues tested, whereas the eastern and midwestern laboratories had at least 1 tissue type that was ≥9%. Not all specimens were subjected to sulfonamide evaluation. Regional patterns were noticed for unidentified microbial inhibitors, which were most evident for liver in which 24.6% of the specimens at the western laboratory were classified as having unidentified microbial inhibitors, and only 6.3% of specimens at the eastern laboratory were classified as having unidentified microbial inhibitors.
Mesothelioma in cattle: Eight cases (1970-1988)
Authors: Wolfe Dwight F. , Carson Robert L. , Hudson Robert S. , Boosinger Timothy R. , Mysinger Pat W. , Powe Thomas A. , Claxton Marjorie S. , Angel Kenneth L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Over an 8-year period, 8 beef cattle with mesothelioma were admitted to the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine and the Louisiana State School of Veterinary Medicine. Diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination of affected tissues. Five bulls, 1 steer, and 2 cows were affected. Four of the bulls had scrotal swelling; 2 cows and 1 bull had ventral abdominal swelling. The peritoneal cavity was involved in 5 cases, the pleural cavity was affected in 2 cases, and in 2 cases, disease was apparently confined to the vaginal cavity. Of the 8 cattle, 6 died or were euthanatized; only cattle with tumor apparently confined to the vaginal cavity survived.
Detection of antibiotic and sulfonamide residues in bob veal calf tissues: 967 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Wilson Dennis J. , Norman Ben B. , Franti Charles E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The data on antimicrobials in bob veal calves obtained by USDA-Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) during the fiscal year 1988 were reviewed. Of 3,095 calf antibiotic and sulfonamide test (cast)-positive carcass submissions, 967 were chosen by FSIS for antimicrobial residue analyses. Specimens of muscle, liver, and kidney were obtained at abattoirs as a part of the FSIS program, and the results were reviewed by calf submission. At least 1 tissue from each of 425 submissions contained neomycin. Unidentified microbial inhibitors were found in 291 submissions. Streptomycin was found in 86 carcass submissions, penicillin in 81, sulfamethazine in 73, tetracycline HCl in 59, and gentamicin in 53. Other monitored agents were found in < 50 submissions each. Only 257 submissions included evaluation for sulfonamides, but sulfamethazine was found in 28.4% of them. Chloramphenicol was not detected.
Concentrations of neomycin in kidney specimens ranged from 0.25 to > 100 ppm, and differed among the 3 regional laboratories (West, Midwest, and East). The western region had the greatest proportion of low-concentration specimens, whereas the midwestern laboratory had the largest proportion of specimens with very high concentrations (≥ 100 ppm) of neomycin in kidney tissue.
Data to identify the sources and causes of the residues were not available. However, the western laboratory evaluated cast-positive submissions from calves certified to be antimicrobial-free, whereas the other laboratories evaluated submissions from certified and noncertified calves; therefore, this may partially explain regional patterns for neomycin quantities in kidney specimens.
Neomycin predominated among cast-positive verifications. A high prevalence of unidentified microbial inhibitors suggests further identification may be warranted.
Prognostic value of surgical and postoperative findings in cattle with abomasal volvulus
Authors: Constable Peter D. , St. Jean Guy , Hull Bruce L. , Rings D. Michael , Hoffsis Glen F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A prospective study evaluating the prognostic value of surgical and postoperative findings in 80 cattle with abomasal volvulus was performed. Surgical correction of abomasal volvulus was performed in all animals. After surgery, cattle were categorized into 3 groups: productive (acceptable milk production or appetite, n = 59), salvaged (poor milk production or appetite, n = 10), and nonsurvivors (n = 11). Cattle with omasal-abomasal volvulus had a significantly (P < 0.005) worse prognosis than cattle without omasal involvement. Large abomasal fluid volume, venous thrombosis, and blue or black abomasal color before decompression were all indicative of a poor prognosis. Most cattle had poor or fair appetites the first day after surgery; productive animals had marked improvement in appetite over the next 3 days. All cattle observed to have a good appetite within 3 days after surgery were later determined to be productive animals. The heart rate decreased in all groups after surgery; however, tachycardia (heart rate > 80 beats/ min) was sustained in cattle that were later salvaged for slaughter. Diarrhea was observed after surgery in 54% of cattle. The duration of diarrhea was significantly shorter (P = 0.009) in productive cattle than in salvaged and nonsurviving cattle. The presence or absence of diarrhea was only of predictive value when considered in conjunction with the estimated abomasal fluid volume.
Rectal palpation and transmission of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle
Authors: Hopkins Sharon G. , DiGiacomo Ronald F. , Evermann James F. , Christensen Joseph D. , Deitelhoff Dennis P. , Mickelsen W. Duane 
Published: December 2023

Summary
To determine whether rectal palpation, using common obstetrical sleeves, serves as a mode of transmission of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle, field studies were conducted at 2 dairies. At a commercial dairy, significant difference was not observed in rate of seroconversion in heifers and cows in which the same sleeve or new sleeves were used for palpations. At a university dairy, where cattle were used to teach dairy husbandry and veterinary procedures, significantly (P < 0.02) greater rate of seroconversion was observed in heifers and cows palpated with unwashed common sleeves than that observed in heifers and cows palpated with sleeves washed between use. Although rectal transmission of bovine leukemia virus under field conditions was documented, it was related to frequency of palpation and age of cattle.
Development of a genetically engineered vaccine against feline leukemia virus infection
Authors: Kensil Charlotte R. , Barrett C. , Kushner N. , Beltz G. , Storey J. , Patel U. , Recchia J. , Aubert A. , Marciani D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A genetically engineered subunit vaccine against FeLV infection was developed. The protective immunogen in the vaccine was a purified recombinant protein containing the entire amino acid sequence of FeLV subgroup A gp70 envelope protein. The optimal adjuvant was determined to be a highly purified saponin, QS-21, derived from Quillaja saponaria Molina. A vaccine formulation containing the recombinant protein, QS-21, and aluminum hydroxide was tested in specific-pathogen-free kittens and was shown to induce neutralizing antibodies as well as appreciable antibody responses to native gp70 by enzyme immunoassay and protein (western) immunoblot analysis and of whole virus preparations.
Year two of follow-up evaluation of a randomized, blind field trial of a commercial feline leukemia virus vaccine
Authors: Scarlett Janet M. , Pollock Roy V.H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A blind randomized field trial of a commercial FeLV vaccine was conducted. Cats on study were vaccinated with either a commercial FeLV vaccine or a placebo, then housed with FeLV-positive cats in a ratio of approximately 2 study cats to 1 infected cat (results of the first 12 months of the study have been reported). All surviving placebo-treated and FeLV-vaccinated cats were re-vaccinated 1 year after initial exposure to FeLV-infected cats. Exposure continued for an additional 12 months, and the viremia status of the cats was monitored by immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) and elisa testing at 4-month intervals. During the second year of observation, 1 additional FeLV-vaccinated cat had positive results of 2 consecutive elisa tests, but remained ifa negative. Classifying this cat as persistently viremic reduced the estimate of the preventable fraction, but did not alter the conclusions drawn earlier, viz, that vaccination appreciably reduces the number of cats that become persistently viremic after long-term natural exposure.
Comparative efficacy of three commercial feline leukemia virus vaccines against methylprednisolone acetate-augmented oronasal challenge exposure with virulent virus
Authors: Pedersen Niels C. , Johnson Lorraine 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Three commercial FeLV vaccines, (A, B, and C) were purchased on the open market and administered to 8- to 20-week-old specific-pathogen-free kittens, according to manufacturers' instructions. A similar group of nonvaccinated kittens served as controls. All kittens were challenge-exposed oronasally with virulent FeLV 4 weeks after the final vaccination. Serum samples were monitored for FeLV-p27 antigenemia using an elisa at 1- to 2-week intervals for at least 16 weeks after the last day of challenge exposure. Kittens that were either transiently (1 to 4 weeks) or never viremic during this period were counted as recovered, whereas kittens that became viremic and retained viremia for at least 10 weeks were counted as persistently viremic. The 3 vaccines were found to be 39% (vaccine C), 28% (vaccine B), and 17% (vaccine A) efficacious in preventing persistent viremia in immunized, compared with nonimmunized kittens.
Use of the triiodothyronine suppression test for diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in ill cats that have serum concentration of iodothyronines within normal range
Authors: Refsal Kent R. , Nachreiner Raymond F. , Stein Barbara E. , Currigan Colleen E. , Zendel Andrea N. , Thacker Eileen L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Administration of triiodothyronine (liothyronine, 15 μg, q 8 h, for 6 treatments) caused marked decrease in serum concentration of thyroxine (T4) and estimates of free T4 (fT4) concentration in clinically normal cats. A prospective clinical study was done to evaluate the use of this suppression test for diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in cats with clinical signs suggestive of the disease, but lacking high serum concentration of iodothyronines.
Twenty-three cats were confirmed as hyperthyroid on the basis of histologic changes in the thyroid gland or clinical improvement in response to administration of methimazole. Mean ± sd serum concentration of T4 (34.3 ± 12.7 to 31.3 ± 11.5 nmol/L) and estimate of fT4 concentration (26.6 ± 6.4 to 25.6 ± 6.9 pmol/L) did not change after administration of liothyronine to these cats. Twenty-three cats were classified as nonhyperthyroid by histologic confirmation of other disease, abnormal results of other diagnostic tests that strongly supported primary disease other than hyperthyroidism, or spontaneous remission of weight loss without treatment. Mean ± sd serum concentration of T4 (27.9 ± 10.3 to 11.7 ± 6.4 nmol/L) and estimate of fT4 concentration (21.7 ± 5.4 to 10.4 ± 4.4 pmol/L) decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in response to administration of liothyronine.
Discriminant analysis was used to identify variables from iodothyronine assays (eg, absolute concentration of T4 or absolute estimate of fT4 concentration, or changes of T4 or fT4 concentration) that provided the best diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The endocrine end points that best differentiated hyperthyroid vs nonhyperthyroid cats were the concentration of T4 or estimate of fT4 concentration in serum obtained after liothyronine administration and predictive values ues calculated from postliothyronine serum concentration of T4 or fT4 and percentage decrease of T4 concentration. Difference in diagnostic sensitivity among endocrine end points compared was not apparent. Use of postliothyronine estimate of fT4 concentration alone or as part of a predictive value improved diagnostic specificity for differentiation of hyperthyroid vs non-hyperthyroid cats (P ≤ 0.081).
Results of this study further confirm existence of hyperthyroidism in cats that do not have high serum concentration of iodothyronines. We concluded that the triiodothyronine suppression test is a safe and accurate test for diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in cats with suggestive clinical signs of the disease, but lacking high serum concentration of iodothyronines.
Effects of zinc methionine and zinc oxide on performance, blood characteristics, and antibody titer response to viral vaccination in stressed feeder calves
Authors: Spears J. W. , Harvey R. W. , Brown T. T. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ninety steers with an average weight of 214 kg were purchased at 2 feeder calf sales and transported 70 to 100 km. On arrival at the feedlot, steers were weighed and identified, blood was withdrawn, and the steers were vaccinated against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and parainfluenza3 (pi3), using a modified live vaccine, and randomly assigned to treatment groups. Treatments were: control (no supplemental zinc); zinc methionine; and zinc oxide. The control diet contained 26 mg of zinc/kg diet, and zinc was added in treatments 2 and 3 to provide 25 mg of supplemental zinc/kg diet. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined on serum samples taken on days 0 and 14 as a measure of the immune response to bhv-1 and pi3 vaccination. Weight gains for the 28-day study were similar across treatments. Dry matter intake tended to be higher in steers fed supplemental zinc from either source, because steers fed zinc methionine and zinc oxide consumed 5.2 and 4.4% more feed, respectively, than controls. Antibody titers against bhv-1 tended to be higher in steers supplemented with zinc methionine on day 14. Differences between treatments were not found for pi3 titers. Mortalities did not occur and morbidity rate was low.
Post-milking teat dip use in dairy herds with high or low somatic cell counts
Authors: Erskine R. J. , Eberhart R. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Milk samples for bacteriologic culture were submitted from 71 dairy herds, 24 with low somatic cell count (scc) and 47 with high scc and high prevalence of subclinical mastitis. At the time of sample submission to the Mastitis Diagnostic Laboratory of Pennsylvania State University, information regarding the herd mastitis control practices was collected.
A combined program of post-milking teat dipping (pmtd) and antibiotic treatment of all cows at the start of the nonlactating period was practiced more frequently for herds with low scc, (P < 0.001) than for herds with high scc. Among all herds for which pmtd was practiced, a higher proportion (P < 0.001) of those for which chlorhexidine-based products were used had low scc than high scc. Conversely, a higher proportion of herds for which a dip with an acrylic latex barrier was used had high scc rather than low scc (P = 0.002). For herds with high prevalence of sub- clinical mastitis, and despite a program of pmtd and treatment of all cows at the start of the nonlactating period, a change to a different germicidal teat dip product may be indicated to help reduce prevalence of infection.
Medical and surgical management of small-colon impaction in horses: 28 cases (1984-1989)
Authors: Ruggles Alan J. , Ross Michael W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 28 horses with impaction of the small colon were reviewed; 20 horses were admitted during the winter months. Diagnosis of small-colon impaction was made in 21 horses by rectal examination, and in 7 horses at exploratory celiotomy. Ten horses were treated medically, and 18 were treated surgically. Horses that were treated surgically were more likely to have abdominal distention than were those that responded to medical treatment (P < 0.025). Signs of greater degree of abdominal pain and higher heart rate were seen in horses treated surgically, but these values were not significantly different from values in medically treated horses. Duration of hospitalization was less in horses treated medically (P < 0.025). Long-term survival was higher for horses treated medically (P < 0.025). All horses treated medically and 7 of the horses treated surgically were alive at follow-up evaluation, at least 1 year after discharge. Fever and diarrhea were common complications after surgery. Four horses were fecal culture-positive for Salmonella sp after surgery. Early and aggressive medical management of horses with impaction of the small colon is recommended.
Clinical signs, treatment, and postmortem lesions in dairy goats with enterotoxemia: 13 cases (1979-1982)
Authors: Blackwell Timothy E. , Butler Daniel G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Enterotoxemia attributable to Clostridium perfringens type D in goats is difficult to diagnose because of a lack of specific clinical signs or postmortem lesions, on which to base the diagnosis. This report describes the clinical signs, postmortem lesions, and clinical responses to treatment and vaccination in 4 goat herds, in which a diagnosis of enterotoxemia was confirmed. Four clinical cases had the diagnosis confirmed on the basis of signs of diarrhea or sudden death and the isolation of C perfringens and epsilon toxin from the feces at the time of admission. The 10 necropsy cases were diagnosed on the basis of the isolation of C perfringens (not typed) or epsilon toxin from the intestinal contents of goats that died with clinical signs compatible with enterotoxemia and without lesions associated with a second serious disease. Enterocolitis was the most consistent lesion reported at necropsy in the 10 goats with enterotoxemia. Ovine enterotoxemia vaccines were of limited value in preventing enterotoxemia. These observations imply that naturally induced enterotoxemia in goats involves a different pathophysiologic mechanism than that associated with enterotoxemia in sheep.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1990
Authors: Uhaa Iyorlumun J. , Mandel Eric J. , Whiteway Ruth , Fishbein Daniel B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In 1990, the United States and its territories reported 4,881 cases of rabies in animals to the Centers for Disease Control, a 1.5% increase from 1989. Of these, 553 were domestic animals, 4,327 were wild animals, and one was a human being. Pennsylvania reported the highest number (611) of rabies cases in animals in 1990. For the first time since surveillance of rabies in wild animals was begun in the 1950s, the number of cases of rabies in raccoons exceeded that in skunks. Particularly large increases of cases of rabies in wild and domestic animals were reported in New Jersey (469 cases in 1990 compared with 50 cases in 1989, an increase of 838% from 1989) and New York (242 cases in 1990 compared with 54 cases in 1989, an increase of 348%). The 1,821 cases of rabies in raccoons represented a 17.9% increase over those reported in 1989 and 24.5% over those in 1988. This increase was largely attributable to the larger number of rabid raccoons in New Jersey and New York. Other states that reported an increased number of rabies cases in animals in 1990 included Utah (77.8%), Louisiana (64.7%), North Dakota (60.3%), Arizona (28.6%), Oklahoma (27.5%), Delaware (22.2%), and Maryland (20.6%). Thirty states reported a decrease in the number of cases of rabies in animals.