bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan kenyamanan dan early mobilization pada ibu post SC melalui efflurage back massage
Authors: Widayati Dhina , Hayati Farida , Fajarotin Dwi Rori 
Published: February 2024

Latar belakang: Ibu Post Sectio Cesaria (SC) mempunyai permasalahan nyeri akibat luka post SC yang dapat menggangu kenyamanan dan mobilisasi. Mobilisasi dini pada ibu nifas dapat meningkatkan proses penyembuhan luka. Masase merupakan salah satu upaya menurunkan nyeri sehingga kenyamanan meningkat dan diharapakan dapat mempercepat mobilisasi dini. Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh efflurage back massage terhadap tingkat kenyamanan dan early mobilization pada ibu post sc di Rumah Sakit Amelia Pare Kediri. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimental yang melibatkan 40 responden melalui total sampling. Efflurage back massage sebgaai variabel independen, kenyamanan dan eraly mobilitation sebagai variabel dependen. Data kenyamanan diukur menggunakan kuesioner dan early mobilization dengan lembar observasi. Data dianalisa dengan paired T-Test dengan α 0.05. Hasil: rata – rata early mobilisation kelompok kontrol 6,4 dan peningkatan kenyamanan (mean = 3,85) sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan rata - rata early mobilisation 11,65 dan peningkatan kenyamanan (mean = 5,32). Nilai P = 0,000 (p0,05) menunjukkan effleurage back massage berpengaruh terhadap kenyamanann dan early mobilisation. Simpulan: massage pada punggung klien dapat menstimulasi release hormon endhorphin yang dapat menurunkan nyeri, kenyamanan meningkat dan responden dapat lebih cepat melakukan mobilisasi. Intervensi effleurage back massage dapat digunakan salah satu intervensi untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dan early mobilization yang berguna untuk mempercepat kesembuhan luka.
Enhancing the inhibition of dental erosion and abrasion with quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Jia-Min , Cheng Yi-Ling , Yang Meng-Hui , Su Chen , Yu Hao 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Dental erosion and abrasion pose significant clinical challenges, often leading to exposed dentinal tubules and dentine demineralization. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites (Q@HMSNs) on the prevention of dentine erosion and abrasion.Method: Q@HMSNs were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their biocompatibility. A total of 130 dentine specimens (2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were prepared and randomly distributed into 5 treatment groups (n = 26): DW (deionized water, negative control), NaF (12.3 mg/mL sodium fluoride, positive control), Q (300 μg/mL quercetin), HMSN (5.0 mg/mL HMSNs), and Q@HMSN (5.0 mg/mL Q@HMSNs). All groups were submitted to in vitro erosive (4 cycles/d) and abrasive (2 cycles/d) challenges for 7 days. The specimens in the DW, NaF, and Q groups were immersed in the respective solutions for 2 min, while treatment was performed for 30 s in the HMSN and Q@HMSN groups. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to additional daily erosion/abrasion cycles for another 7 days. The effects of the materials on dentinal tubule occlusion and demineralized organic matrix (DOM) preservation were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The penetration depth of rhodamine B fluorescein into the etched dentine was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The erosive dentine loss (EDL) and release of type I collagen telopeptide (ICTP) were measured. The data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).Results: Q@HMSNs were successfully synthesized and showed minimal toxicity to human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) and gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Q@HMSNs effectively occluded the dentinal tubules, resulting in a thicker DOM in the Q@HMSN group. The CLSM images showed more superficial penetration in the HMSN and Q@HMSN groups than in the quercetin, NaF, and DW groups. The Q@HMSN group exhibited a significantly lower EDL and reduced ICTP levels compared to the other groups (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Q@HMSNs hold promise for inhibiting dentine erosion and abrasion by promoting tubule occlusion and DOM preservation.
Inorganic Fe-O and Fe-S oxidoreductases: paradigms for prebiotic chemistry and the evolution of enzymatic activity in biology
Authors: Huang Xiao-Lan , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Schenk Gerhard , Southam Gordon 
Published: February 2024

Oxidoreductases play crucial roles in electron transfer during biological redox reactions. These reactions are not exclusive to protein-based biocatalysts; nano-size (&lt;100 nm), fine-grained inorganic colloids, such as iron oxides and sulfides, also participate. These nanocolloids exhibit intrinsic redox activity and possess direct electron transfer capacities comparable to their biological counterparts. The unique metal ion architecture of these nanocolloids, including electron configurations, coordination environment, electron conductivity, and the ability to promote spontaneous electron hopping, contributes to their transfer capabilities. Nano-size inorganic colloids are believed to be among the earliest ‘oxidoreductases’ to have ‘evolved’ on early Earth, playing critical roles in biological systems. Representing a distinct type of biocatalysts alongside metalloproteins, these nanoparticles offer an early alternative to protein-based oxidoreductase activity. While the roles of inorganic nano-sized catalysts in current Earth ecosystems are intuitively significant, they remain poorly understood and underestimated. Their contribution to chemical reactions and biogeochemical cycles likely helped shape and maintain the balance of our planet’s ecosystems. However, their potential applications in biomedical, agricultural, and environmental protection sectors have not been fully explored or exploited. This review examines the structure, properties, and mechanisms of such catalysts from a material’s evolutionary standpoint, aiming to raise awareness of their potential to provide innovative solutions to some of Earth’s sustainability challenges.
Relationship between peri-coronary inflammation and coronary vascular function in patients with suspected coronary artery disease
Authors: Chen Mengyu , Liu Bing , Li Xu , Li Dong , Fan Lijuan 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIn this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between the attenuation of peri-coronary adipose tissue (PCAT) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and the assessment of coronary vascular functions using coronary flow reserve (CFR).MethodsWe included 364 patients who underwent 13N-NH3 positron emission tomography/computed tomography and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). We determined the relationship between fat attenuation index (FAI), PCAT volume, and other qualitative CT-derived anatomic parameters with CFR.ResultsWe detected a decrease in CFR (&lt;2.5) in 206 (57%) patients. At the patient level, those with reduced CFR showed a significantly higher prevalence of diffused atherosclerosis (41% vs. 23%; P &lt; 0.001) and higher FAI (−75.5 HU vs. −77.1 HU; P = 0.014). In patients without obstructive CAD, FAI was significantly higher in those with reduced CFR (−75.5 HU vs. −77.7 HU, P = 0.026). On the vessel level, 1,092 vessels were analyzed, and 642 (59%) exhibited reduced CFR. The vessels with reduced CFR presented a significantly higher prevalence of obstructive CAD (37% vs. 26%; P &lt; 0.001), diffused atherosclerosis (22% vs. 11%; P &lt; 0.001), low-attenuation plaque (6% vs. 3%; P = 0.030), and positive remodeling (7% vs. 2%; P = 0.001). FAI was higher in vessels with reduced CFR (−80.8 HU vs. −81.8 HU; P = 0.045) than in normal CFR. In the patient-level analysis, obstructive CAD, diffused atherosclerosis, and FAI were independently linked with CFR. FAI was still associated with global CFR after adjusting for traditional risk factors (age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking). FAI remained independently associated with reduced CFR in patients without obstructive CAD.ConclusionsCoronary perivascular inflammation evaluated by CCTA was independently associated with coronary vascular function. In patients without obstructive CAD, FAI was higher in the presence of reduced CFR. Altogether, FAI can help reveal microcirculatory damage in patients who do not exhibit epicardial artery stenosis.
Separating the effects of life course adiposity on diabetic nephropathy: a comprehensive multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang QingYa , Song YiJue , Wang LiJun , Cai MinChao , Bao JinFang , Yu Qing 
Published: February 2024

AimsPrevious Mendelian randomization (MR) of obesity and diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk used small sample sizes or focused on a single adiposity metric. We explored the independent causal connection between obesity-related factors and DN risk using the most extensive GWAS summary data available, considering the distribution of adiposity across childhood and adulthood.MethodsTo evaluate the overall effect of each obesity-related exposure on DN (Ncase = 3,676, Ncontrol = 283,456), a two-sample univariate MR (UVMR) analysis was performed. The independent causal influence of each obesity-related feature on DN was estimated using multivariable MR (MVMR) when accounting for confounding variables. It was also used to examine the independent effects of adult and pediatric obesity, adjusting for their interrelationships. We used data from genome-wide association studies, including overall general (body mass index, BMI) and abdominal obesity (waist-to-hip ratio with and without adjustment for BMI, i.e., WHR and WHRadjBMI), along with childhood obesity (childhood BMI).ResultsUVMR revealed a significant association between adult BMI (OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.03-1.49, P=2.06×10-2) and pediatric BMI (OR=1.97, 95%CI=1.59-2.45, P=8.55×10-10) with DN risk. At the same time, adult WHR showed a marginally significant increase in DN (OR =1.27, 95%CI = 1.01-1.60, P=3.80×10-2). However, the outcomes were adverse when the influence of BMI was taken out of the WHR (WHRadjBMI). After adjusting for childhood BMI, the causal effects of adult BMI and adult abdominal obesity (WHR) on DN were significantly attenuated and became nonsignificant in MVMR models. In contrast, childhood BMI had a constant and robust independent effect on DN risk(adjusted for adult BMI: IVW, OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.60-2.25, P=2.03×10-13; LASSO, OR=1.91, 95% CI=1.65-2.21, P=3.80×10-18; adjusted for adult WHR: IVW, OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.40-2.31, P=4.20×10-6; LASSO, OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.56-2.32, P=2.76×10-10).InterpretationOur comprehensive analysis illustrated the hazard effect of obesity-related exposures for DN. In addition, we showed that childhood obesity plays a separate function in influencing the risk of DN and that the adverse effects of adult obesity (adult BMI and adult WHR) can be substantially attributed to it. Thus, several obesity-related traits deserve more attention and may become a new target for the prevention and treatment of DN and warrant further clinical investigation, especially in childhood obesity.
Genetic association of lipid-lowering drug target genes with erectile dysfunction and male reproductive health
Authors: Su Quanxin , Wang Rui , Luo Yayin , Tang Qizhen , Wang Kenan 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe effect of hypolipidemic drugs on male erectile function is still controversial. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to explore the potential impact of lipid-lowering drug targets on ED.MethodsWe collected seven genetic variants encoding lipid-lowering drug targets (LDLR, HMGCR, NPC1L1, PCSK9, APOB, APOC3 and LPL) from published genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics, and performed drug target MR analysis. The risk of ED was defined as the primary outcome, sex hormone levels and other diseases as the secondary outcomes. Mediation analyses were performed to explore potential mediating factors.ResultsThe results showed that LDLR, LPL agonists and APOC3 inhibitors were significantly associated with a reduced risk of ED occurrence. APOB inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of ED occurrence. In terms of sex hormone levels, LDLR and LPL agonists were significantly associated with increased TT levels, and HMGCR was associated with decreased TT and BT levels significantly. In terms of male-related disease, MR results showed that LDLR agonists and PCSK9 inhibitors were significantly associated with an elevated risk of PH; HMGCR, NPC1L1 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of PCa; and LDLR agonists were significantly associated with a reduced risk of AS and MI; in addition, HMGCR inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of PCa.ConclusionAfter performing drug-targeted MR analysis, we found that that there was a causal relationship between lipid-lowering drug targets and ED. APOC3, APOB, LDLR and LPL may be new candidate drug targets for the treatment of ED.
Tick bite-induced alpha-gal syndrome and immunologic responses in an alpha-gal deficient murine model
Authors: Sharma Surendra Raj , Choudhary Shailesh K. , Vorobiov Julia , Commins Scott P. , Karim Shahid 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAlpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS) is a delayed allergic reaction due to specific IgE antibodies targeting galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a carbohydrate found in red meat. This condition has gained significant attention globally due to its increasing prevalence, with more than 450,000 cases estimated just in the United States alone. Previous research has established a connection between AGS and tick bites, which sensitize individuals to α-gal antigens and elevate the levels of specific IgE. However, the precise mechanism by which tick bites influence the host’s immune system and contribute to the development of AGS remains poorly understood. This study investigates various factors related to ticks and the host associated with the development of AGS following a tick bite, using mice with a targeted disruption of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGKO) as a model organism.MethodsLone-star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and gulf-coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) nymphs were used to sensitize AGKO mice, followed by pork meat challenge. Tick bite site biopsies from sensitized and non-sensitized mice were subjected to mRNA gene expression analysis to assess the host immune response. Antibody responses in sensitized mice were also determined.ResultsOur results showed a significant increase in the total IgE, IgG1, and α-gal IgG1 antibodies titers in the lone-star tick-sensitized AGKO mice compared to the gulf-coast tick-sensitized mice. Pork challenge in Am. americanum -sensitized mice led to a decline in body temperature after the meat challenge. Gene expression analysis revealed that Am. americanum bites direct mouse immunity toward Th2 and facilitate host sensitization to the α-gal antigen.ConclusionThis study supports the hypothesis that specific tick species may increase the risk of developing α-gal-specific IgE and hypersensitivity reactions or AGS, thereby providing opportunities for future research on the mechanistic role of tick and host-related factors in AGS development.
IL-27 alters inflammatory cytokine expression and limits protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a neonatal BCG vaccination model
Authors: Bradford Shelby D. , Ryan Kenneth J. , Divens Ashley M. , Povroznik Jessica M. , Bonigala Sunilkanth , Robinson Cory M. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundEfforts to control tuberculosis (TB), caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), have been hampered by the immense variability in protection from BCG vaccination. While BCG protects young children from some forms of TB disease, long-term protection against pulmonary disease is more limited, suggesting a poor memory response. New vaccines or vaccination strategies are required to have a realistic chance of eliminating TB disease. In TB endemic areas, routine immunization occurs during the neonatal period and as such, we hypothesized that inadequate protective immunity elicited by BCG vaccination could be the result of the unique early-life immune landscape. Interleukin (IL)-27 is a heterodimeric cytokine with immune suppressive activity that is elevated in the neonatal period.ObjectiveWe investigated the impact of IL-27 on regulation of immune responses during neonatal BCG vaccination and protection against Mtb.MethodsHere, we used a novel model of neonatal vaccination and adult aerosol challenge that models the human timeline of vaccine delivery and disease transmission.ResultsOverall, we observed improved control of Mtb in mice unresponsive to IL-27 (IL-27Rα-/-) that was consistent with altered expression patterns of IFN-γ and IL-17 in the lungs. The balance of these cytokines with TNF-α expression may be key to effective bacterial clearance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the importance of evaluating new vaccines and approaches to combat TB in the neonatal population most likely to receive them as part of global vaccination campaigns. They further indicate that temporal strategies to antagonize IL-27 during early life vaccination may improve protection.
CD34+DNAM-1brightCXCR4+ haemopoietic precursors circulate after chemotherapy, seed lung tissue and generate functional innate-like T cells and NK cells
Authors: Perrone Carola , Bozzano Federica , Dal Bello Maria Giovanna , Del Zotto Genny , Antonini Francesca , Munari Enrico , Maggi Enrico , Moretta Francesca , Farshchi Alireza Hajabbas , Pariscenti Gianluca , Tagliamento Marco , Genova Carlo , Moretta Lorenzo , De Maria Andrea 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThere is little information on the trajectory and developmental fate of Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ progenitors exiting bone marrow during systemic inflammation.ObjectiveTo study Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ cell circulation in cancer patients, to characterize their entry into involved lung tissue and to characterize their progenies.MethodsFlow cytometric analysis of PBMC from 18 patients with lung cancer on samples collected immediately before the first and the second treatment was performed to study Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ precursors. Precursors were purified (&gt;99%) and cultured in vitro from all patients. Paired PBMC and tissue samples from patients undergoing tumor resection were analyzed by flow cytometry to assess tissue entry and compare phenotype and developmental potential of Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ cells in both compartments.ResultsSignificant circulation of Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ precursors was observed 20d after the first treatment. Precursors express CXC3CR1, CXCR3, CXCR1 consistent with travel towards inflamed tissues. Flowcytometric analysis of lung tissue samples showed precursor presence in all patients in tumor and neighboring uninvolved areas. Successful purification and in vitro culture from both blood and lung tissue generates a minor proportion of maturing NK cells (&lt;10%) and a predominant proportion (&gt;85%) of α/β T-progenies with innate-like phenotype expressing NKG2D,NKp30,DNAM-1. Innate-like maturing T-cells in vitro are cytotoxic, can be triggered via NKR/TCR co-stimulation and display broad spectrum Th1,Th2 and Th1/Th17 cytokine production.ConclusionIn advanced stage lung cancer CD34+DNAM-1brightCXCR4+ inflammatory precursors increase upon treatment, enter involved tissues, generate functional progenies and may thus represent an additional player contributing to immune balance in the highly SDF-1/CXCR4-biased pro-metastatic tumor microenvironment.
MSC exosomes attenuate sterile inflammation and necroptosis associated with TAK1-pJNK-NFKB mediated cardiomyopathy in diabetic ApoE KO mice
Authors: Banerjee Abha , Singla Dinender K. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionDiabetes is a debilitating disease that leads to complications like cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiology of diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice with dyslipidemia. We hypothesize diabetes in ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice induces cardiac dysfunction by increasing inflammation and necroptosis.MethodsApoE-/- mice were divided into experimental groups: Control, Streptozotocin (STZ), STZ + MSC-Exo (mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes), and STZ+MEF-Exo (Mouse embryonic fibroblast derived exosomes). At Day 42, we assessed cardiac function, collected blood and heart tissues. Heart tissue samples were analyzed for inflammation, necroptosis, signaling mechanism, hypertrophy and adverse structural remodeling using histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, RT-PCR, cytokine array and TF array. Results and DiscussionSTZ treated ApoE-/- mice developed diabetes, with significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased blood glucose and body weight loss. These mice developed cardiac dysfunction with significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased left ventricular internal diameter end diastole and end systole, and decreased ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. We found significant (p&lt;0.05) increased expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF- a, IL-6, IL-1a, IL-33 and decreased IL-10 expression. Diabetic mice also exhibited significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased necroptosis marker expression and infiltration of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages. MSC-Exos treated mice showed recovery of diabetes associated pathologies with significantly reduced blood glucose, recovered body weight, increased IL-10 secretion and M2 polarized macrophages in the heart. These mice showed reduced TAK1-pJNK-NFKB inflammation associated expression and improved cardiac function with significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis compared to diabetic mice. Treatment with MEF-Exos did not play a significant role in attenuating diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy as these treatment mice presented with cardiac dysfunction and underlying pathologies observed in STZ mice. ConclusionThus, we conclude that cardiac dysfunction develops in diabetic ApoE-/- mice, arising from inflammation, necroptosis, and adverse tissue remodeling, which is ameliorated by MSC-Exos, a potential therapeutic for diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy.
Ophthalmic surgeries on post mortem porcine eyes with picosecond ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Körber Michael , Fellinger Jakob , Fritsche Milan , Giese Andreas , Kostourou Konstantina , Kopf Daniel , Kottcke Manfred , Luciani Francesco , Schmidbauer Josef M. , Wenk Jonathan , Braun Bernd 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis work demonstrates significant advantages in ophthalmic surgeries through the use of picosecond ultrashort laser pulses instead of state-of-the-art nanosecond laser pulses. These ultrashort lasers shall serve as universal tools more effectively combining advantages of high precision, low impact and economic advantages compared to existing instruments.MethodsAs samples, we used post-mortem porcine eyes on which we performed the experiments with both picosecond and nanosecond lasers. Performed surgeries were laser iridotomy, (post-) cataract treatment/capsulotomy and selective laser-trabeculoplasty. Pulse widths were between 12 ps and 220 ns with pulse energies between 30 μJ and 10 mJ at 532 nm and 1,064 nm. Additionally, we investigated accompanying shock waves, cavitation bubbles, and heat effects during the ablation processes.ResultsFor all surgeries, significant differences were observed between picosecond and nanosecond pulses: It was possible to scale the pulse energy down to 10 of microjoules rather than requiring millijoules, and resulting tissue ablations are much more precise, more deterministic and less frayed. The shock wave and cavitation bubble investigation revealed major differences in pressure between picosecond pulses (0.25 MPa, 50 μJ) and nanosecond pulses (37 MPa, 5 mJ). The heat input during ablation could be lowered by two orders of magnitude.ConclusionPicosecond ultrashort laser pulses show substantial benefits for several ophthalmic surgeries, with regard to ablation precision, shock wave generation and heat input. They are better than state-of-the-art ophthalmic nanosecond lasers in all aspects tested.