bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of High Speed 32-bit MAC Unit
Authors: Bharghava ram dinesh K. , Vinoth R. , Kasyap M.V.R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Due to the recent advances in VLSI technology, the need for efficient real time signal processing units have increased. The multiplier-and-accumulator (MAC) unit is the essential element of the digital signal processor. The aim is to design an 32-bit MAC unit that can perform multiplication and accumulation operation. Hence designing an effective MAC unit with reduced latency is necessary for better performance. The proposed MAC unit uses Carry-Select adder and Vedic multiplier which offers better speed (1.746 ns) in comparison with MAC unit designed using Ripple carry adder (1.782 ns). Urdhva tiryaghbyam sutra is the base sutra used in Vedic multiplier. The design was implemented in Verilog HDL using Xilinx Vivado tool and synthesis was done using Cadence Genus tool.
Pencil-drawn graphitic traces on sticky note paper for wearable electronics
Authors: Padmanabha Shreyas , Gopal P Nanda , Waheed Laila A , Ramesh Madhumitha , Pramanick Bidhan , Thakur Goutam , De Shounak 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pencil-on-sticky note paper electrodes (PeoS) is a novel electrode fabrication method, using graphite from a pencil lead as an active material and sticky note paper as the substrate. This technique offers a low-cost and simple alternative for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. In this paper, we aim to investigate the potential of PeoS as an effective electrode material for wearable electronic applications. The SEM images show overlapping graphite flakes, and the resistance of graphitic electrodes is found to be greater for xerox paper than for sticky note paper. An RC circuit based on sticky note paper yields the true nature for the square wave input. A bending test of the pencil-on-sticky note paper circuit shows an almost constant resistance value, showing PeoS has the potential to be used as a cost-effective alternative to traditional electrodes in wearable electronic applications, providing promising results for the future of non-invasive measurements of electrical signals.
Subject Dependent and Subject Independent Analysis for Emotion Recognition Using Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signal
Authors: Dewangan N , Thakur K , Singh B K , Soni A , Mandal S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Brain signals for the human-computer interface is a research interest in recent years. The brain is the most vital part of our body. It handles and manages all types of activities of the body. Brain signals appear when neurons inside the brain send electrical impulses to communicate and elicit electrical potentials. This electrical activity can be measured by Electroencephalogram (EEG) through electrodes. EEG signals can help to recognize human emotions effectively. It is a non-invasive method to collect brain signals. In this paper, we have studied the subject-dependent and subject-independent analysis for four emotions (happy, sad, fear, and neutral) using the SEED-IV dataset of EEG signals for emotion. The raw EEG signals of the SEED-IV dataset have been preprocessed to remove unwanted signals and noise. 32 statistical features have been extracted from the preprocessed EEG signals and used as input for classifiers. Here, we achieved an average of 95.73% accuracy for 15 subjects for subject-dependent analysis for emotional classification using a cubic support vector machine (SVM). Based on cubic SVM and fine Gaussian SVM, we achieved an average classification accuracy of 78.46% and 83.7% for subject-independent analysis.
Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Properties in Gd3+-Eu3+ Ions Pair Doped MYF4 (M = Li, Na, and K)
Authors: Jaiswal S. R. , Bhati U. T. , Nagpure P.A. , Omanwar S. K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
LiYF4, NaYF4, and KYF4 doped with Gd3+-Eu3+ ion pairs synthesised by soft route (wet) chemical technique tracked by Reactive Atmosphere Process (RAP). The phase purity of every synthesized material is verified using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence emission (PL) properties are examined in ultra-violet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) regions. A new type of photon harvesting (cutting) process is studied in the synthesized phosphors. The Quantum Cutting (QC) is observed only in host LiYF4 doped with Gd3+-Eu3+ Phosphor.
Development and Empirical Evaluation of a Biomimetic Autonomous Robotic Arm for Manipulating Objects with Diverse geometries
Authors: Mohanraj A P , Venkatesan S , Veerabarath M P , Yokeshkanna K , Nijanthan V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses the design and development of a biomimetic robotic arm, elaborating on the experiments conducted with the developed arm to handle objects of diverse geometries, as well as evaluating its agility during grasping tasks. When automating fruit harvesting, it is crucial to minimize damage to leaves, as they play an essential role in the photosynthesis process. Thus, a versatile prehensile design is imperative for grasping fruits with various shapes. Existing technologies for harvesting fruit meant for processing are limited to soft, fresh fruit due to the risk of mechanical damage. As an alternative, a robotic system that emulates human fruit picking can improve fruit quality while maintaining efficiency. Consequently, a robotic hand with deformable fingers inspired by the human arm is developed. The robotic system must also be cost-effective. A single-gear motor is utilized to control the arm’s functions and ensure agile responsiveness when grasping objects with different shapes, incorporating a self-adaptive mechanism. During the development process, several grasping tests are conducted to evaluate the arm’s ability to handle basic shape primitives such as spheres and cylinders. The goal is to offer an alternative to manual fruit picking by creating a system capable of identifying, locating, and detaching fruit without causing damage to the fruit or tree. The robot is also equipped with A. In technology such as object detection and manipulation, the model is trained using a convolutional neural network for grasping the objects with appropriate pressures.
Performance evaluation of adjustable stroke piston pump with varying fulcrum position
Authors: Labade Kirankumar , Purohit Pritee 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lubrication of machines is done manually or using automatic systems, the purpose of the automatic lubrication system is to provide specified amount of lubrication at specified lubrication points using a controlled pump system. The proposed work is based on auto control variable displacement pump and referencing to literature survey it is a novel work involves, an innovative kinematic link base stroke changing mechanism. The stoke variation mechanism serves to alter the stroke of the piston pump in controlled manner to control the flow rate of the pump precisely. The design of the linkage for stoke variation has been done. The previous studies deal with the theoretical design and analysis of the components of the variator mechanism. The variator mechanism is used to vary the angle of oscillation of the output and thereby the stroke of the piston of the pumping element. The variator mechanism design includes the design of the worm gear box and its components, variator screw and nut arrangement. Selection of the motor to operate the linkage and the force analysis based on the motor specifications has been carried out. The present work deals the manufacturing and preliminary testing of the device. In that testing was carried out at various input speeds to the pump and the actual discharge from the pump was measured and the volumetric efficiency of the pump at the particular speed and fulcrum position was determined. Results of the two fulcrum positions were compared and evaluated. Further testing will be carried out in the next six months and the optimization of the fulcrum position for desired discharge will be done. The IOT circuit and mechanism will then be configured suitably.
Compressive deformation behavior of closed-cell aluminium syntactic foam
Authors: Thiyagarajan Raja , Sakthivel G , Jegadeeshwaran R , Lakshmipathi J , Senthil Kumar M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present study investigates the compressive deformation behaviour of aluminium matrix syntactic foam. Thecenosphere hollow filler was incorporated into the aluminium matrix to fabricate the syntactic foam using stir casting technique. A compressive test was conducted on the syntactic foam to evaluate their mechanical properties, and the results were compared with the finite element ABAQUS explicit simulation software. The plateau strength and energy absorption capacities of the experimental and numerical results show a deviation of 1.76 and 7.13% respectively. The numerical results are good, in agreement with the obtained experimental results, and beneficial in understanding the compressive behaviour of closed-cell syntactic foam.
Joining of INCONEL-625 by microwave hybrid heating and its performance analysis
Authors: Magdum Bhauso , Gaikwad Vinayak 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Welding is a process in joining of two or more metals which is done by using or without using of filler materials. Domestic microwave ovens have been in use since last century. Now a day’s microwave technology could be employed to process materials. The investigation is carried out to compare the performance of Joint formed by Microwave hybrid heating with respect to tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Radiations emitted from microwave are used to join INCONEL-625 by employing INCONEL-625 powder of grain size 40μm as interface material. Graphite, Silicon carbide (SiC) and Charcoal was used as a susceptor material. And thin graphite sheet is used as separator. Traditional TIG welding machine is used to join INCONEL625 plates with INCONEL-625 wire as filler material. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization joints after welding shows complete melting of INCONEL-625 powder particles and good metallurgical bonding with surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the formation of niobium and chromium carbides and intermetallic phases. Joining of same INCONEL-625 plates by using TIG welding has successfully conducted. The novelty of this study is to develop new material joining approach by microwave heating. The comparative study showed material diffusion in microwave hybrid heating is much greater than that of TIG welding. Weld formed by microwave heating is more effective that of TIG welding.
ParkIT: Smart Parking Application using Deep Learning
Authors: Jaybhaye Sangita , Patil Saraswati , Mhoprekar Swapnil , Modase Tanish , Mudawadkar Gautam , Nagpure Prathmesh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the main implications of population growth and high lifestyle standards, particularly in urban areas, is the increase in city traffic. Trying to find a parking spot during rush hours is time-consuming and causes unnecessary fuel wastage. Uncoordinated searching for parking spaces often results in traffic in such spaces and increased vehicle exhaust volume has a detrimental effect on the environment. Along with that, the same parking charges regardless of the parking time are quite unreasonable. Dynamic parking fees and reservation-based smart parking systems have therefore become essential. The technique presented in the research communicates parking information to a driver in advance, considerably decreasing the time spent in searching parking spaces.
Design and Optimization of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Alternator for Onboard Power Generation in Two-Wheeler Applications
Authors: Jaya Shankar R , Lakshmipathi J , Raghukiran N , Manickavasagam P , Govardhan YS , Sakthivel G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Main motive of this work is to develop an Axial flux Permanent magnet alternator for on board power generation source for an electric bike. An average electric bike having a range of 40KM to 60KM per full charge will take an average of 3 hours to charge. In the present work, an onboard power generator is modeled for an electric bike which has its very own power generation system. An axial flux permanent magnet alternator is coupled to pedal and whenever the pedaling action is performed, the alternator produces power to recharge battery or also run the hub motor of the electric bike depending upon the required output voltage with the help of relay Switch. The mathematical modelling and design of the axial flux permanent magnet alternator is done using Matlab and Solidworks. Axial flux alternators are increasingly being used for large-and small-scale applications because of innovation, new material research, and manufacturing techniques that save time. Depending on the needed output power, the axial flux alternator can be built with or without an iron core and with “n” numbers of stator and rotor. The surface mounted permanent magnet technique and several one side and both side topologies with and without iron cores were designed in this work. Small-scale E-bikes employ the AFPM alternator to generate power onboard. Depending on the application, the power generated may be supplied back to a BLDC motor or used to recharge batteries. The respective results were discussed in this paper.
Vibration based damage detection of steel plate
Authors: Ritzy R , Ziza F , Girija K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is very important to monitor the occurrence of damage of various structures. By early detection of damage and by taking the proper corrective measures the failure of damage could be avoided. When damage occurs in structure it results in change in stiffness properties of the structure which in turn result in change in modal properties like natural frequency, mode shape change, mode shape curvature and strain energy of a structure. These parameters are used as an input to train the artificial neural network(ANN). The efficiency of the ANN to predict the damage at single and multiple damage cases using the change in natural frequency and strain energy was evaluated in this study. The efficiency of individual modes and combination of frequency and strain energy to detect damage is also considered in this study. The modal parameters were obtained by carrying out modal analysis using ANSYS 2021 R1 software and the ANN was developed using MATLAB software. The results indicated that the strain energy accurately predict the damage location and varies linearly with severity of damage. It is better to use combination of frequency and strain energy as indicator to detect damages.
Recent developments in phycosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for biomedicine and environmental applications
Authors: Chaudhary Shrutika , Bharadvaja Navneeta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nanoparticles are becoming integral components in every sector considering their unmatched properties with their counter bulk material. However, in the last couple of decades, several reports suggested metal nanoparticles are toxic to biological systems either directly or indirectly. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possess excellent optical, electrical, food packaging properties, etc. Although, the use of chemically toxic reducing agents for the synthesis of ZnO NPs induces toxicity. Therefore, biogenic synthesis of ZnO NPs has been exploited using different sources such as plant leaves, stems, fungi algae, etc NPs synthesised via these methods are biodegradable, biocompatible, low toxic, and highly effective in different applications. Algae being widely available and easy to harvest becomes a suitable candidate for ZnO NPs synthesis. Algae mediated/phycosynthesis is a technique where algae accumulate zinc oxides and reduce them to zinc ions to form ZnO NPs. The ease of synthesis of ZnO NPs using this method produces NPs in abundant quantity and of variable sizes. Intracellular and extracellular syntheses are two mechanisms of phycosynthesis of ZnO NPs. These ZnO NPs have several beneficial properties like antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, antioxidant, larvicidal, antidiabetic, etc. Additionally, it has low scale-up cost, and low energy input. This article provides detailed information about the routes of phycosynthesis of ZnO NPs using different algal strains, properties, and their potential application in the biomedical field and environmental remediation.
Ratiometric fluorescence detection of the angiotensin-converting enzyme via single-excitation and double-emission biomass-derived carbon quantum dots
Authors: Zhan Zhihua , Mao Huihui , Xue Mingyue , Han Guocheng , Zhou Guohua , Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Efficient and rapid detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is important for preventing hypertension and the discovery of new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI). In this work, a single-excitation and double-emission biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was prepared and applied for ratiometric fluorescence detection of ACE. Fresh banyan leaves were extracted with ethanol and acetone, and the extracted solution was used as the precursor to produce the carbon quantum dots (BL-CQDs) with single-excitation and double-emission properties. The synthesized BL-CQDs is about 1.7 nm, has a graphene-like structure, contains a variety of hydrophilic functional groups on the surface, and has good fluorescence properties. Its fluorescence intensity ratio (I677/I460) is linear with ACE activity in the range of 0.02–0.8 U l−1. The regression equation is △F=2.5371 C

ACE
-0.0311. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ACE activity in pig lung and human serum, and the inhibitory efficiency of the flavonoid extract and captopril tablets on ACE activity was also investigated, which can be applied to the screening of ACEI. The survival rate and fluorescence imaging of Bel-7404 cells under the condition of high concentration BL-CQDs showed BL-CQDs had low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. These results indicate that the BL-CQDs can be used as an excellent fluorescent probe, providing a new method for screening ACE activity and plant-derived ACEI.
Baseline ImPACT Composite Scores in Student-Athletes With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hrabarchuk Eugene I , Hannah Theodore , Kalagara Roshini , Li Adam Y , Schupper Alexander J , McCarthy Lily , Ali Muhammad , Quinones Addison , Gometz Alex , Lovell Mark , Choudhri Tanvir F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Athletes who are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of concussion compared to other athletes. Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is a widely used concussion tool, but it relies on pre-injury baseline testing that can be affected by psychiatric conditions. This research aims to determine if there are differences in pre-injury testing composite scores in student-athletes with ADHD compared to those without ADHD diagnosis.

Methods
We obtained 11,563 pre-season ImPACT assessments of 7,454 student-athletes (ages: 12–22) from 2009 to 2019. After exclusions, there were 6,920 control and 276 ADHD subjects. Multivariable linear regression analyses compared the independent effect of ADHD on the six ImPACT composite score metrics with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons with a = 0.008.

Results
Univariate analyses indicated ADHD is associated with more symptoms as measured by the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) (β = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.47–3.87, p &lt; .0001) and worse Impulse Control scores (β = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.33–1.53, p = .002). In multivariate analysis, this association was the same for symptom score (β = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.22–3.74, p &lt; .0001), but Impulse Control was not significantly different after multiple comparison adjustment (β = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.22–1.15, p = .009).

Conclusions
The ADHD subjects reported worse symptoms at baseline and had worse Impulse Control in univariate analysis, but not multivariate analysis. These results can further guide clinicians in concussion diagnosis and test interpretations for student-athletes with ADHD, considering the symptom burden at baseline.
SoyDNGP: a web-accessible deep learning framework for genomic prediction in soybean breeding
Authors: Gao Pengfei , Zhao Haonan , Luo Zheng , Lin Yifan , Feng Wanjie , Li Yaling , Kong Fanjiang , Li Xia , Fang Chao , Wang Xutong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Soybean is a globally significant crop, playing a vital role in human nutrition and agriculture. Its complex genetic structure and wide trait variation, however, pose challenges for breeders and researchers aiming to optimize its yield and quality. Addressing this biological complexity requires innovative and accurate tools for trait prediction. In response to this challenge, we have developed SoyDNGP, a deep learning-based model that offers significant advancements in the field of soybean trait prediction. Compared to existing methods, such as DeepGS and DNNGP, SoyDNGP boasts a distinct advantage due to its minimal increase in parameter volume and superior predictive accuracy. Through rigorous performance comparison, including prediction accuracy and model complexity, SoyDNGP represents improved performance to its counterparts. Furthermore, it effectively predicted complex traits with remarkable precision, demonstrating robust performance across different sample sizes and trait complexities. We also tested the versatility of SoyDNGP across multiple crop species, including cotton, maize, rice and tomato. Our results showed its consistent and comparable performance, emphasizing SoyDNGP's potential as a versatile tool for genomic prediction across a broad range of crops. To enhance its accessibility to users without extensive programming experience, we designed a user-friendly web server, available at http://xtlab.hzau.edu.cn/SoyDNGP. The server provides two features: 'Trait Lookup', offering users the ability to access pre-existing trait predictions for over 500 soybean accessions, and 'Trait Prediction', allowing for the upload of VCF files for trait estimation. By providing a high-performing, accessible tool for trait prediction, SoyDNGP opens up new possibilities in the quest for optimized soybean breeding.
Tenapanor in Chinese ESRD patients with hyperphosphatemia on haemodialysis: a randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Gan Liangying , Xing Li , Xu Yan , Zhou Linghui , Jiang Hong , Sun Xiuli , Guan Tianjun , Luo Ping , Wang Junxia , Sun Fuyun , Guo Zhiyong , Guo Minghao , Gao Ju , Wei Gang , Zhong Wen , Zhou Yongchun , Zuo Li 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The efficacy and safety of tenapanor has not been confirmed in Chinese end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with hyperphosphatemia on haemodialysis (HD).

Methods
This was a randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial conducted at 26 dialysis facilities in China (https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx; CTR20202588). After a 3-week washout, adults with ESRD on HD with hyperphosphatemia were randomised (1:1) using an interactive web response system to oral tenapanor 30 mg twice a day or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in mean serum phosphorous level from baseline to the endpoint visit (day 29 or last serum phosphorus measurement). Efficacy was analysed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of the study drug.

Results
Between 5 March 2021 and 8 June 2022, 77 patients received tenapanor and 73 received placebo. Tenapanor treatment (n = 75) resulted in a significantly greater least squares (LS) mean reduction in serum phosphate at the endpoint visit versus placebo (n = 72): LS mean difference −1.17 mg/dl (95% CI −1.694 to −0.654, P &lt; .001). More patients receiving tenapanor achieved a serum phosphorous level &lt;5.5 mg/dl at the endpoint visit (44.6% versus 10.1%). The most common treatment-related adverse event was diarrhoea [tenapanor 28.6% (22/77), placebo 2.7% (2/73)], which was mostly mild and led to treatment discontinuation in two patients receiving tenapanor.

Conclusions
Tenapanor significantly reduced the serum phosphorous level versus placebo in Chinese ESRD patients on HD and was generally well tolerated.