bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular changes in the stature and weight of Taiwanese children, 1964–1988
Authors: Huang Yi‐Ching , Malina Robert M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSecular changes in mean statures and body weights of nationally representative samples of school children from Taiwan, republic of china, between 1964 and 1988 are described. The trend is for continuous increase in both measures from 1964 through 1988, and the more recent data suggest that the positive secular trend is continuing more so in males than in females. Estimated ages at peak height velocity (PHV) and peak weight velocity (PWV), based on the Preece–Baines model I applied to the cross‐sectional means, decline linearly in both sexes at about 0.04 yr/yr and 0.05 yr/yr, respectively. Chinese children in Taiwan, Republic of China, are, on average, heavier than Chinese children from the People's Republic of china, but differences in mean statures are negligible. Chinese children in Taiwan mature about 0.5 to 0.7 year earlier (estimated ages at PHV) than those in the People's Republic of China. Estimated rates of secular change in stature tend to be slightly greater in chinese children from the People's Republic of China between the 1950s and 1985 than in Chinese children from Taiwan, Republic of China, between 1964 and 1988. In contrast, estimated rates of secular change in body weight are greater in children from Taiwan than in children from the People's Republic of China. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stature and stature distribution in recent West German and historic samples of Italian and Dutch conscripts
Authors: Hermanussen Michael , Burmeister Jens , Burkhardt Volker 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBased on the standard for the natural distribution of stature obtained from 11,851,168 West German conscripts (born in 1938–1971), stature and stature distribution were investigated in historic samples of Italian (born 1854–1963) and Dutch (drafts of 1863–1970) conscripts. Both stature and stature distribution in the historic Italian and Dutch samples showed a variety of characteristic deviations from the natural stature distribution of the modern populations, which strongly suggest that there are at least two developmental periods that are sensitive to socioeconomic events with regard to final stature. Environmental disasters during pregnancy and the first year of life lead to a ubiquitous reduction of mean stature in the total cohort affected. This is obvious in Italians born in 1945, who are 3.7 mm shorter than those born in 1944, and 7.9 mm shorter than those born in 1946. An even stronger suppression of final stature by more than 12 mm is obvious in Italians born in 1899 and 1900. Stature distribution, however, is influenced by environmental factors during adolescence. Particularly small persons become numerous during periods of war and economic depression. This is evident in the 19th century Dutch and Italian samples, and during the early 1920s. Changes in developmental tempo seem unlikely to cause these effects. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth in stature in early, average, and late maturing children of the Caracas mixed‐longitudinal study
Authors: Lopez‐Blanco Mercedes , Izaguirre‐Espinoza Isbelia , Macias‐Tomei Coromoto , Saab‐Verardy Leonardo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA sample of 113 boys and 101 girls of the Caracas Mixed‐Longitudinal Study was grouped into early, average, and late maturers according to selected cut‐off points of the 10th and 90th centiles for age at peak height velocity (APHV). Individual curves were fitted with the cubic spline function, in which height velocity corresponds to the first derivative. Age at menarche (AM) was estimated by recall in a longitudinal context. Differences between groups were assessed with F and t‐tests. Girls were approximately 2 years earlier than boys in APHV and thus significantly shorter; their estimated PHV was also significantly lower. APHV in boys and girls occurred 0.4–0.6 years earlier than in European children, which is consistent with a faster tempo of growth of Venezuelan youth. The three maturity groups differed significantly in timing, stature, and AM. Early maturers were taller than average maturers, and the latter were taller than late maturers with maximal differences between the extreme groups at ages 13–14 in boys and 11–12 in girls. Early maturers grew at a faster rate than average maturers, and the latter grew at a faster rate than late maturers up to 13 years in boys and 10–11 years in girls. Despite difficulties encountered in the analysis of mixed‐linked longitudinal data, meaningful growth differences were found between maturity groups of urban Venezuelan children. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissociation between skinfold thickness changes and growth of adipose tissue volume in children and youth
Authors: Blade Linda , Ward Richard , Martin Alan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there is a divergence in the relationship between skinfold thickness and an adipose tissue volume (ATV) corresponding to the same segment of the body during growth. Anthropometric data from the cross‐sectional Coquitlam Growth Study (COGRO) were used to estimate the ATV of the arm, calf, thigh, and trunk in 6‐ to 18 years old girls (n = 458) and boys (n = 487). Assuring a cylindrical shape for body segments, ATV was calculated by subtracting an inner cylinder of muscle, bone, and residual from the total cylindrical volume of a given segment. Combined graphical analysis of both skinfold growth and growth of ATV reveals that a decrease in skinfold can occur without a concomitant decrease in its corresponding regional ATV. This happens more dramatically in boys than in girls, and in the limbs than in the trunk. This suggests that exaggerated growth in length and/or muscle girth cause a “spreading” and “thinning” of the adipose tissue layer, which does not necessarily reflect fat loss. The meaning of changes in skinfold thicknesses during growth thus needs evaluation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subsistence patterns and blood pressure variation in two rural Caboclo communities of Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil
Authors: Silva Hilton P. , Crews Douglas E. , Neves Walter A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) increases with age in westernized societies, is higher in men, and is correlated with the body mass index (BMI). Traditional societies present more variable patterns of BP. In 1991, BP and anthropometric data from two “Caboclo” (rural populations of mixed ancestry) groups from Marajó Island, Brazil, were collected: The Paricatuba group, (N = 20;12 women), with a subsistence base of fishing, collection of palm fruits, and traditional gardening; and the Praia Grande group (N = 26; 14 women), where subsistence is based on mechanized agriculture. In Paricatuba, mean BP is 109/74 mmHg in men and 101/70 mmHg in women. There are no significant differences between BP of men and women, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases with age. Both SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are associated with weight, but only DBP is associated with the BMI, while SBP is associated with stature. In Praia Grande, mean BP is 120/76 mmHg in men and 118/70 mmHg in women, with no significant differences between the sexes. In Praia Grande, SBP is higher than in Paricatuba, and both SBP and DBP are associated with age. Compared with urban groups, both Caboclo samples have low BP. Still, differences in BP and body habitus between the two groups support a hypothesis that degree of westernization influences mean levels of BP in rural Amazonian populations. Further, the results also may be interpreted as suggesting that associations of sex, age, and BMI with BP, commonly reported in urban samples, are a byproduct of westernization rather than a result of genetic factors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fourteen year changes in adiposity and blood pressure in American Samoan adults
Authors: Gershater Elize , McGarvey Stephen T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA cohort of 194 American Samoan adults with no history of antihypertensive treatment was seen at two times, 14 years apart, 1976 and 1990. Anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) data in 1976 and 1990, and the chages, were described and correlated within age (<40 and ⩾40 years) and sex groups. These Samoans are characterized by massive adiposity and body mass, as well as high prevalence and incidence of overweight and hypertension. The younger group had a notable mean increase in the body mass index (BMI) and fatness over 14 years, whereas only younger females had BP increases. Among older females there were small negative mean chages, and in older males small positive mean changes in BMI and skinfolds. In both older males and females, systolic BP increased markedly with little mean change in diastolic BP. There was substantial heterogeneity around the mean chages in all sex‐age groups. Adiposity in 1976, assessed by the BMI and skinfolds, was positively related to follow‐up BP in all groups except older males. Chages in adiposity were positively related to chages in BP in all groups. Multiple regression analyses showed that change in BMI and age were positively related to 1990 BP after adjustment for baseline BP. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of physical fitness between Igloolik inuit and Volochanka nGanasan
Authors: Rode Andris , Shephard Roy J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPhysical characteristics, muscle strength, and predicted aerobic power were compared in two circumpolar populations aged 20–49 years at different stages in acculturation to a “modern” sedentary life‐style: the Inuit of Igloolik (110 males, 80 females tested in 1989–90) and the nGanasan of Volochanka (29 males, 25 females tested in 1992–3). Both populations show short stature but normal body mass. Skinfold thicknesses (average of triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) of the male Inuit (mean 10–11 mm, rising with age to 15 mm) are now much greater than in previous surveys, reflecting adoption of a mechanized, sedentary life‐style. Recent estimates from Siberia suggest continuing substantial daily energy expenditures by the men but not the women of this region, and averaged values for the three skinfolds in the nGanasan males (mean 7–8 mm) are still low. In women, both Inuit (mean skinfolds 15 mm, rising to 29 mm with age) and nGanasan (mean 19 mm, rising to 25 mm) are now relatively obese. Compared to the nGanasan, male Inuit have greater handgrip force (probably due to snowmobile operation), but poorer knee extension strength (probably because they now do little walking through snow). In contrast, older nGanasan women have less knee extension strength than the Inuit (probably because the latter still carry babies on their backs). The aerobic power of both Inuit and nGanasan (mean of 48, declining with age to 38–40ml/[kg.min] in males, mean of 38–45 declining with age to 33–37 ml/[kg.min] in females) still corresponds to that of a moderately active urban population. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of drink pattern and solar radiation on thermoregulation and fluid balance during exercise in chronically heat acclimatized children
Authors: Santana José R. Rodríguez , Rivera‐Brown Anita M. , Frontera Walter R. , Rivera Miguel A. , Mayol Pedro M. , Bar‐Or Oded 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to examine the thermoregulatory and body fluid balance responses in chronically heat acclimatized children, i.e., indigenous to a tropical climate, during exercise in four outdoor conditions and the effects of dehydration on their thermoregulatory response. Nine children (age = 13.3 ± 1.9 yr, VO2max = 45.5 ± 9.2 ml · kg−1 · min−1) cycled at 60% VO2max each under four conditions: sun exposure voluntary drinking (SuVD), sun exposure forced drinking (SuFD), shaded voluntary drinking (ShVD), and shaded forced drinking (ShFD). Exercise sessions consisted of four 20‐min exercise bouts alternating with 25‐min rest periods. Globe temperature and the WBGT index were higher during SuVD and SuFD compared to ShVD and ShFD (P < 0.05). The change in rectal temperature, metabolic heat production, and heat storage did not differ among the conditions. Total water intake (% IBW) was higher during SuFD (4.1 ± 0.01) and ShFD (3.7 ± 0.1) compared to SuVD (2.1 ± 0.1) and ShVD (1.0 ± 0.1) and during SuVD compared to ShVD (P < 0.05). Sweating rate (L · hr−1) was higher during SuFD (0.7 ± 0.1) and ShFD (0.6 ± 0.1) compared to SuVD (0.5 ± 0.1) and ShVD (0.4 ± 0.1) (P < 0.05). Total fluid loss did not differ among conditions (SuVD = 1.7 ± 0.4; SuFD = 1.5 ± 0.4; ShVD = 2.1 ± 0.2; ShFD = 1.3 ± 0.3). Results indicate that when exercising in a tropical climate, chronically heat acclimatized children demonstrate mild voluntary dehydration and adequate heat dissipation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study of physiological and anthropometric characteristics of high and low productivity workers in northern West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy Subrata K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLung functiion, selected hematological traits, blood pressures, and anthropometric dimensions were measured on adult Oraon tea garden laborers of both sexes from two tea gardens of Jaipaiguri district, northern West Bengal, India. The laborers were classified into two groups on the basis of work output or productivity, measured in terms of the quantity of green leaves plucked per day. The groups were similar in income, dietary pattern, and self‐reported morbidity. Relationships between the measured variables and productivity were evaluated. The results show several significant relationships, but do not conclusively demonstrate that the independent variables under study have any effects on work output. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age at menarche: Relationships to socioeconomic status, growth rate in stature and weight, and skeletal and sexual maturation
Authors: Onat Teoman , Ertem Bilsel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA sample of 114 girls from low‐middle and highest socioeconomic levels of Istanbul were followed at 6‐month intervals for 7–9 years during adolescence. Results pertaining to age of menarche and its relationship to growth and maturation are presented. No significant difference was found for the occurrence of menarche in relation to season. The age of menarche was 6.6 months earlier in daughters compared to their mothers, but the variation between mothers and daughters was great. In the lower socioeconimic class, age of menarche was significantly later, 12.5 years in the high and 13.4 years in the lower class. Later menarche in the lower class was related to lower rates of growth in stature and weight, and of skeletal and sexual maturation. There was no significant correlation between age at menarche and stature and weight attained at menarche. Those with a faster rate of growth reached menarche early and the height velocity continued to be faster. The median stages of secondary sexual characteristics at menarche were 4 for breast and pubic hair, and 3 for axillary hair. The stage of development at menarche did not differ significantly with age of menarche and social class. Menarche occurred 2.4 years after the appearance of pubic hair, 2.0 years after the appearance of the breast bud, and 1.4 years after the appearance of axillary hair, and the ages at which the secondary sexual characters appeared correlated significantly with the age of menarche. Skeletal age at menarche was 13.0 ± 0.69 years. Age of menarche correlated best with the age at which fusion of the second and first distal phalanges occurred. The percentage of adult height attained at menarche correlated significantly with the age of menarche. Regression equations and standard errors are presented to aid in the prediction of the age at menarche from other variables related to menarche.
Inverted tandem (“mirror”) duplications in human chromosomes: Inv dup 8p, 4q, 22q
Authors: Taylor Kenneth M. , Francke Uta , Brown Michael G. , George Donna L. , Kaufhold Marilyn , Opitz J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have studied 4 patients with inverted tandem duplications of parts of chromosomes, a hitherto rarely identified from of a structural rearrangement involving a single chromosome in man. In Patients 1 and 2, the duplication involved parts of the short arm of chromosome 8 (regions 8p 12→8p23 and 8p21→8p23, respectively). Both patients manifested certain characteristics of the mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome. Elevated levels of glutathione reductase (GSR) in their erythrocytes supported the interpretation of a partial duplication of chromosome 8 and indicated a regional localization for the GSR gene locus. In Patient 3, the distal half of the long arm of chromosome 4 was duplicated (region4q26→4q35). Clinical evidence supported this interpretation, as Patient 3 resembled phenotypically the 13 reported cases with duplication of the distal 4q. The cytogenetic findings in Patient 4 suggested a possibly inverted duplication of 22q. The clinical correlation was less convincing due to the lack of a well‐defined phenotype for trisomy 22.These chromosome aberrations had occurred de novo in all 4 cases. Although they involved different chromosomal regions, they might well have arisen by the same mechanism. Possible modes of origin that are discussed in detail include unequal exchange between homologous chromosomes, between chromatids of 1 chromosome or between strands of 1 DNA duplex.
Familial occurrence of the Wiedemann‐Beckwith syndrome and persistent fontanel
Authors: Sommer Annemarie , Cutler Edward A. , Cohen Benjamin L. , Harper Dwain , Backes Carl , Herrmann J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe a family in which 3 sisters gave birth to 8 infants with the Wiedemann‐ Beckwith syndrome. The clinical manifestations in all the affected individuals included macroglossia, macrosomia and omphalocele, while their mothers all were entirely normal. Pedigree analysis suggests that familial occurrence of the Wiedemann‐Beckwith syndrome may be due to delayed mutation.
Poland syndrome in British Columbia: Incidence and reproductive experience of affected persons
Authors: McGillivray Barbara C. , Lowry R. B. , Herrmann J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPatients with Poland syndrome were ascertained through the British Columbia Health Surveillance Registry, through hospital records, and through practicing plastic and orthopedic surgeons. Of 44 patients who were ascertained, 28 had family histories taken and were examined. Physical findings were: absence of the sternal head of the pectoralis major in all patients, symbrachydactyly in most patients, and infrequent other associations such as imsilateral undescended testis, Möbius syndrome, clubfoot and submucous cleft palate. Family histories were “negative” in all cases. The 8 affected adults had 24 reportedly normal children. Mean paternal age was significantly higher than the paternal age in the population. The incidence was 1 /32,000 livebirths in British Columbia. It was concluded that in the British Columbia population the syndrome is usually a sporadic event.
Hypophosphatemic nonrachitic bone disease: An entity distinct from X‐linked hypophosphatemia in the renal defect, bone involvement, and inheritance
Authors: Scriver Charles R. , MacDonald Wendy , Reade Theresa , Glorieux Francis H. , Nogrady Bernadette , Opitz J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have identified 5 patients with a condition which we call hypophosphatemic bone disease (HBD). The clinical findings, appearing during late infancy include modest shortening of stature, bowing of the lower limbs, and nonrachitic bone changes. The concentrations of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D in serum and the basal excretion of cyclic AMP in urine are all normal. The serum phosphorus level is constantly depressed; inpaired reclamation of phosphate anion by kidneys explains this finding.Net tubular reabsorption of phosphate anion is “normal” at the low endogenous levels of filtered phosphate anion, yet below normal at elevated levels. The phosphaturic response to PTH infusion is abnormal in qualitative aspects. The characteristics of phosphate transport by kidney in HBD differ considerably from those described in X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). The transport defect is not expressed in the (non‐epithelial) membrane of the erythrocyte.Since the severity of bone disease is quite different in HBD and XLH, and yet serum (extracellular) phosphorus concentration is similarly low in both diseases, we propose that some process regulates the distribution of phosphorus between serum and bone, and that this process is affected in different ways in HBD and XLH.In 2 pedigrees HBD is autosomal dominant with variable expression; the mode of inheritance is indeterminate in the other 3 families. The dominantly inherited hypophosphatemia is responsive to 1α OH analogues of vitamin D3.There is presumptive evidence from the pedigree studies, and in the response to vitamin D analogues, that HBD is not a single entity.
Unstable dicentric iso(Yq) chromosome in a pseudohermaphrodite
Authors: Alexander D. S. , Soudek D. , Laraya P. , Francke U. , Opitz J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn infant with ambiguous genitalia, uterus, tubes, and bilaterally undescended testes was found to have an unstable dicentric Yq chromosome, and 45,X/46,X,dic i(Yq)/47,X,i(Yq) i(Yq) mosaicism in lymphocytes and fibroblasts. A few other minor cell lines were found in peripheral blood lymphocytes. These findings indicate a high degree of mitotic instability in the centromere of the dicentric i(Yq) chromosome in this patient.
The frequency and financial burden of genetic disease in a pediatric hospital
Authors: Hall Judith G. , Powers Ellen K. , McLlvaine Robin T. , Ean Virginia H. , Opitz John M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMedical charts from 1973 were reviewed from a general pediatric hospital whose admissions comprise 55% of those in the surrounding metropolitan area. The study population (4,115) was selected by using charts from January, March, May, July, September, and November of that year. The patients were categorized by diagnosis as to I) clearly genetic disorders, II) multifactorial disorders, III) developmental anomalies, IV) familial conditions, or V) nongenetic conditions. Of all admissions, 4.5% had genetic disorders (0.6% chromosomal 1.2% autosomal dominant, 2.2% autosomal recessive, 0.5% X‐linked recessive); 22.1% had multifactorial/polygenic conditions; 13.6% developmental anomalies; 13.2% familial disorders, and 46.6% nongenetic disorders.Patients with clearly genetic disorders (category I) were found to have had an average of 5.3 admissions as compared to 1.6 for patients with nongenetic conditions (category V). Of genetic patients (category I) 12.8% had more than 20 admissions as compared to only 1.2% for all patients studied (categories I–V). The length of hospitalization for genetic patients was 3.4 days as compared to 3.0 for all patients and 2.5 for nongenetic patients. Although the cost per day for genetic patients, exclusive of physicians' fees, was lower than for all patients, the total cost of hospitalization was the same ($450.98 as compared to $446.99 for all patients). Of all patients, 60.2% studied had thirdparty coverage, whereas only 43.8% of genetic patients did. Of all patients, 15.6% paid “out of their pockets” whereas 30.5% of genetic patients did. This study suggests that genetic patients have many more admissions which are slightly more expensive; that they stay longer in hospital; that they travel farther, and that their families end up paying the bill more often. No unusual differences in religion, race, age, or parents' marital status or occupation were found. It was remarkable that only one quarter of patients with genetic illness had received genetic counseling.