bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Louis, or Shared Monologue
Authors: Grieve James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Louis was a boy of five, devoid of language. As a result of the combined efforts of several therapists, he managed to come to language. The most striking thing about this was the way he did it. In general, when a child starts to speak, his first words serve to convey his surprise and his desires and to make known his demands. With Louis, however, things were different. Initially, his language was a single long monologue, saying nothing about his desires but describing whatever he could see in front of him or things and events that this reminded him of. It was as though words could come to him only when he was in the presence of things, as though language could never be anything but a game played in solitude, divorced from exchange and communication. Curiously enough, it was through simulation and narration that he gradually developed the ability to use language to ask something of me.
The Fourth Power
Authors: Hart Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today, even as America asserts itself globally, it lacks a grand strategy to replace “containment of communism.” In this short, sharp book, Gary Hart outlines a new grand strategy, one directing America’s powers to the achievement of its large purposes. Central to this strategy is the power of American ideals, what Hart calls “the fourth power.” Constitutional liberties, representative government, press freedom - these and other democratic principles, attractive to peoples worldwide, constitute a resource that may prove as important to national security and the national interest in this dangerous new century as traditional military, economic and political might. Writes Hart: “The idea that government exists to protect, not oppress, the individual has an enormous power not fully understood by most Americans who take this principle for granted from birth. Far more nations will follow us because of the power of this ideal than the might of all our weapons.” Against those who view America’s noblest values as an inconvenience or even hindrance to the exertion of influence abroad, Hart warns that we ignore principle only at our peril. Such an approach may serve short-term goals, but there are costs; among them is the compromising of a crucial strategic asset, America’s fourth power. Certain objectives require a military response--few serious people would disagree. The question is “whether America’s purposes are best achieved through empire and force or through principle and persuasion.” To suggest the former, Hart argues, is to misread both history and our current revolutionary age, one where terrorism, the internationalization of markets, information technology, eroding nation-state authority and other realities demand not doctrines of superstate unilateralism and preemption but rather appreciation for new collective security structures, international regulatory bodies, even forms of collaborative sovereignty. Applying the best insights of strategy to statecraft, Hart finds fuzziness, overreaching, and “theological” simplicity in America’s current foreign policy. Nor does he believe the war on terror, necessary in the near term, will itself serve to chart America’s larger strategic course. A bracing vision of an America responsive to a full spectrum of global challenges, The Fourth Power calls for a deeper understanding both of the threats we face and the profound strengths at our disposal to fight them.
Covert Imitation:How the Body Schema Acts as a Prediction Device
Authors: Wilson Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The body schema can interact with perception, cognition, and behavior in a variety of ways. In some cases, the body schema is used as a representational device in service of higher cognitive functions. Examples include covert articulation in working memory, mentally counting on one’s fingers to assist with internal calculations, and mentally rotating one’s hand or one’s whole body during a spatial reasoning task. In other cases, the body schema provides a bridge between perception and action, treating perceived objects as things to be manipulated with the body. This has been explored in the literatures on perception-for-action and the “how” system of visual processing. In still other cases, the body schema again interfaces with perception, but does something rather different with the input. Instead of planning interactive or manipulative behaviors, the body schema may encode the stimulus essentially by copying it. This may occur in particular with stimuli that, in some relevant way, match our own bodies. When we see other people sitting, standing, and moving, we are perceiving a stimulus that is isomorphic to the body that we ourselves inhabit and cause to move.
Representing Intentional Relations and Acting Intentionally in Infancy:Current Insights and Open Questions
Authors: Moore Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Humans are natural psychologists par excellence. They interpret the activity of their conspecifics as caused by psychological states-perceptions, beliefs, emotions, intentions, and so on. These psychological categories are used both to explain past action and to predict future action. The idea of “theory of mind,” which took the field of developmental psychology by storm from the mid-1980s to the rnid-1990s has now left few areas of the psychological sciences untouched. A keyword search on theory of mind picks up articles not only in developmental psychology, but also in comparative psychology, adult social psychology, psychopathology, both developmental and adult, and cognitive neuroscience. Two rather broad theoretical approaches to theory of mind dominated thinking through the 1980s and 1990s. One was theory theory (e.g., Gopnik & Wellman, 1992), which essentially said that social understanding was a purely conceptual matter, with concepts of mental states constructed by observation of the behavior of others and the self and by abstracting out the principles governing the contexts and causes of those behaviors. In opposition to theory theory, others (e.g., Goldman, 1992; Harris, 1991) proposed that social understanding proceeds through simulation of others’ psychological states and also one’s own noncurrent psychological states by using the current psychological states of the self as a model and then adjusting various default settings appropriately to model the different circumstances of the other person or the self at another time.
Complexity Theory and Applications
Authors: Suh Nam P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nam P. Suh focussed his axiomatic design theories on methods to understand and deal with complexity. Suh is a well-respected designer and researcher in the fields of manufacturing and composite materials. He is best known for his systems that aim to speed up and simplify the process of design for manufacturing. The ‘axioms’ in axiomatic design refer to a process to help engineers reduce design specifications down to their simplest components, so that the engineers can produce the simplest possible solution to a problem. Complexity, besides being a key area of burgeoning research in disciplines interested in complex systems and chaos theory (like computer science and physics), is a complicating factor in engineering design that many engineers find difficult to overcome. Suh’s multidisciplinary exploration of complex systems is meant to eliminate much of the confusion and allow engineers to accommodate complexity within simple, elegant design solutions.
Fundamentals of Axiomatic Design
Authors: Lee Dai Gil , Suh Nam Pyo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 1, a brief introduction to axiomatic design was given. This chapter presents a more comprehensive description of axiomatic design using many examples. Axiomatic design has been used in designing a variety of different things: machines, software, organizations, systems, materials, manufacturing, complicated large systems and processes, and a variety of mechanical/electrical products. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a broad overview, which should help in understanding the materials presented in chapters 12–15. 11.2 Current State of Design Practice The ‘‘project of the first decade of the 21st century’’ may be the development of the Orbital Space Plane (OSP) of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA). It is currently being designed to transport people and cargo from earth to the International Space Station (ISS) beginning in 2010. The OSP must be safe and robust, and satisfy all the functional requirements (FRs) of the mission. It must be developed in a relatively short period of time at a fraction of the cost that was incurred when NASA developed the Space Shuttle three decades ago. It must be able to perform its missions without extensive maintenance so as to eliminate the need to rebuild the vehicle each time it returns from its mission. (The current Space Shuttle requires 6 months of ‘‘maintenance’’ at a cost of over $350 million after each mission.) It is increasingly becoming apparent to NASA and a major aerospace company that the OSP cannot be designed and developed using the old paradigm. The old paradigm was an experience-based development process with repetitive ‘‘design– build–test’’ cycles repeated until the product no longer breaks down. The old paradigm of product development is not only expensive, but produces products that are unreliable and hard to maintain. An astronautics company is now applying axiomatic design in designing the OSP to reduce the time for development, lower the cost of development, and increase reliability, safety and maintainability, and robustness of the OSP. Axiomatic design is a rational way of developing a complicated system that satisfies FRs and constraints at low cost and on time.
Axiomatic Design of Materials and Materials-Processing Techniques
Authors: Lee Dai Gil , Suh Nam Pyo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1970s, airplane manufacturers were developing composite parts using the autoclave vacuum bag degassing method, which was discussed in chapter 2. However, the empirical approach they used encountered many problems. One of the problems was that sometimes the cured part would have a large void inside the composite structure, because the resin was depleted during the curing process. Resin depletion occurred because the viscosity of the resin initially decreased before the resin in the prepregs began to crosslink. Therefore, when a laminate consisting of prepregs and a honeycomb structure were heated in the autoclave, the resin began to flow out of the composite structure when the gelation of the resin did not occur quickly. Similarly, automotive companies spent many years developing sheet molding compound (SMC) parts that did not require hand-polishing of the surface of the cured parts. They ultimately developed the in-mold coating process that coated the rough surface with a thin layer of resin.
Making a Difference: Behind the Scenes
Authors: Dodson Debra L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the first of three chapters that explore the evidence for and implications of institutional gendering, Debra L. Dodson uses the words of women legislators, lobbyists, and staff members of the U.S. Congress during both Democratic and Republican dominance (the 103rd and 104th Congresses) to show the ways women’s distinctive contributions can be enhanced or diminished. Drawing from the experiences of those on the front lines, Dodson offers five “lessons” to maximize women’s potential to make a difference in public policy. One intriguing lesson is that a strong and vibrant women’s movement can raise the consciousness of both women voters and legislators and can fuel gender gap pressures that reinforce women’s policy priorities.
Creating Active Citizens
Authors: Mettler Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After describing his experiences using the G.I. Bill, John Mink commented, “Those who became the movers and shakers came from backgrounds that had been oppressed before the war. It created a whole new United States. It really changed the dynamics.” Military service itself had broadened the outlook of men of his generation, he reasoned, by taking them out of the “isolated environments” in which they had grown up and “thrusting everyone into situations they would never have experienced before, dealing with people, different people.” Upon his return home, the G.I. Bill’s education and training benefits were “probably one of the greatest advantages I ever experienced, as our whole generation did.” Somehow that sequence of events, Mink reasoned, prepared his generation to become active participants in postwar democracy. What was it about the G.I. Bill that made recipients more likely to participate in the activities of self-governance and community life? We now come to the crux of our investigation, to assess how the education and training benefits—through their actual and perceived effects, which we have observed over the last few chapters—affected veterans’ subsequent participation in public affairs.
The Unfinished Work
Authors: Mettler Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The men who benefited from the G.I. Bill have been, at least until recently, all around us in every walk of life. Legions of famous Americans rank among those who used the education and training provisions after military service in either World War II or the Korean War, including former U.S. presidents George H. W. Bush and Gerald Ford; Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist and Justices John Paul Stevens and Byron R. White; Senators Dale Bumpers, John Glenn, Ernest Hollings, Daniel K. Inouye, Spark Matsunaga, George Mitchell, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Bob Dole, and Alan K. Simpson; numerous U.S. representatives including John Conyers, Ronald Dellums, Bill McCollum, G. V. “Sonny” Montgomery, Charles Rangel, and Gerald Solomon; Virginia governor Douglas Wilder; Secretary of State Warren Christopher; journalists and commentators David Brinkley, Art Buchwald, and John Chancellor; entertainers Harry Belafonte, Johnny Cash, Ossie Davis, Clint Eastwood, Paul Newman, Jonathan Winters, and Walter Matthau; and scholars Clifford Geertz and Howard Zinn, just to name a few. For every one of these high-profile beneficiaries of the G.I. Bill, there are tens of thousands more whose names are unrecognizable to a national audience but who were often well known within their local communities for their active and lifelong participation in civic life. They threw themselves into civic associations, took politics seriously, and treated the right to vote as a hallowed obligation. They cared deeply about the public good and considered participation in American democracy to be both a privilege and a duty.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Worried About Everything
Authors: Foa Edna B , Andrews Linda Wasmer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What do adolescents have to worry about, anyway? They don’t have full-time jobs or mortgages or bills, and they certainly don’t have the responsibility of raising a teenager. Yet it turns out that adolescents, like adults, have plenty of things weighing on their minds—everything from grades and pimples to gangs and drugs to war and terrorism. Indeed, teens today face so many stresses and pressures that a little worrying now and then is perfectly normal and realistic. It’s only when the worry grabs hold of a teen’s mind and won’t let go that there may be a serious problem. The hallmark of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is exaggerated worry and tension that are unfounded or out of proportion to the situation. Teens with GAD always expect the worst. They worry about all kinds of things—schoolwork, appearance, money, friends, health, the future, and their performance in a wide range of situations, to name just a few common concerns. This state of constant, gnawing worry lasts for months or even years. After a while, it can start to take a harsh toll on a teen’s mental and physical health.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Caught in a Mind Trap
Authors: Foa Edna B , Andrews Linda Wasmer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It’s common to hear people refer to themselves as “obsessed” with a hobby or “compulsive” about housecleaning. Everyone understands that it’s just a figure of speech. Sure, you may find yourself preoccupied with the woodworking project in your garage or the unfinished novel on your desk when you should be concentrating on work. Or you may like the shirts in your closet arranged just so or your bed made a particular way. But these thoughts, habits, and quirks aren’t doing you any serious harm, and you can usually set them aside if they get to be too much trouble.
Call to Action: Fighting Stigma, Empowering Your Teen
Authors: Foa Edna B , Andrews Linda Wasmer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in young people. Yet they are still widely misunderstood. Relatives, friends, teachers, and society at large are sometimes quick to condemn and slow to grasp the causes and consequences of intense, persistent anxiety. As one frustrated parent puts it, “They don’t have a lot of empathy for it, because they don’t understand it.” As the parent of a child with an anxiety disorder, you’re on the front line of the battle against stigma. Perhaps the most important thing you can do is to counter misinformation with facts. Most people would never judge someone harshly for having diabetes or arthritis. Yet these same people seem to forget that the brain is part of the body, and like other organs, susceptible to disease and dysfunction. Often, they’re less judgmental about anxiety disorders once they realize that the emotional and behavioral symptoms are related to physiological changes in the brain.
Observing and Studying Tiger Beetles
Authors: Pearson David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In addition to their beautiful colors, intricate designs, and usefulness as surrogates for understanding how to protect habitats, tiger beetles also have become popular because they can be so easily found and observed in the wild. Although often wary and easily flushed by normal movements, they can be approached to within a meter or less by careful movements. This will permit close observation of various behaviors or close-up photography. In the field, adult tiger beetles will become accustomed to you if you remain motionless or make a very slow and smooth approach. They will return to normal behavior within a few minutes after having been disturbed, and then you can watch them at close quarters. However, some species are more difficult to approach because of the thick mud, wet rocks, or other slippery substrate surfaces of their habitats. Close-focusing binoculars (generally less than 6 power) help make possible detailed observation of these more elusive species.
How to Recognize a Tiger Beetle
Authors: Pearson David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tiger beetles form a distinct group of species within the Order Coleoptera, which contains all the beetles. They are included by some authors as a distinct subgroup (subfamily Cicindelinae or Tribe Cicindelini) within the family of ground beetles called Carabidae. Most entomologists, however, consider tiger beetles to form their own family, Cicindelidae, and they share many characters in common with and are most closely related to the predaceous ground beetles (Carabidae), predaceous diving beetles (Dytiscidae), whirligig beetles (Gyrinidae), and crawling water beetles (Haliplidae). These five families and a few others are placed together as a suborder called Adephaga.
Death by Design
Authors: Haney Craig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How can otherwise normal, moral persons - as citizens, voters, and jurors - participate in a process that is designed to take the life of another? In DEATH BY DESIGN, research psychologist Craig Haney argues that capital punishment, and particularly the sequence of events that lead to death sentencing itself, is maintained through a complex and elaborate social psychological system that distance and disengage us from the true nature of the task. Relying heavily on his own research and that of other social scientists, Haney suggests that these social psychological forces enable persons to engage in behavior from which many of them otherwise would refrain. However, by facilitating death sentencing in these ways, this inter-related set of social psychological forces also undermines the reliability and authenticity of the process, and compromises the fairness of its outcomes. Because these social psychological forces are systemic in nature - built into the very system of death sentencing itself - Haney concludes by suggesting a number of inter-locking reforms, derived directly from empirical research on capital punishment, that are needed to increase the fairness and reliability of the process. The historic and ongoing public debate over the death penalty takes place not only in courtrooms, but also in classrooms, offices, and living rooms. This timely book offers stimulating insights into capital punishment for professionals and students working in psychology, law, criminology, sociology, and cultural area studies. As capital punishment receives continued attention in the media, it is also a necessary and provocative guide that empowers all readers to come to their own conclusions about the death penalty.
Nested Designs
Authors: Weiss David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term nesting refers to a hierarchical arrangement among factors. Until now, we have considered only designs in which the factors are connected in the symmetrical relationship called crossing; that is, each level of each factor is paired with each level of every other factor. In a design with nesting, on the other hand, each level of the nested factor is paired with only one level of the superior factor. A superior factor is not in any sense better, of course; it is merely one under which another factor is nested. This terminology is perhaps less confusing than “nestor” and “nestee.” Nesting is used when it does not make experimental sense to cross factors completely.
Confounded Designs
Authors: Weiss David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In our discussion of nested designs, we encountered the concept of a design that was not fully crossed. We saw that because of the lack of crossing, certain interactions could not be estimated. In this chapter, the sacrifice of interactions is extended. Experimental designs that are far from complete factorials are introduced. For example, consider the following trio of treatment combinations: A1B1, A2B1, A2B2. Here we have two factors, each with two levels, yet there are only three combinations rather than the expected four. The effect of factor A can be measured by comparing the responses to the first two combinations, while the effect of factor B can similarly be assessed by comparing the latter pair. Three cells yield 2 treatment df, and so we can ask two separate questions of the data. Normally the treatment combination A1B2 would also be included in a two-factor design, and then the AB interaction would be estimable as well. Without that fourth cell, we cannot estimate the interaction, but our estimates of the main effects are sensible.
Be1innin1 IPT
Authors: Weissman Myrna M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the first few visits your IPT therapist will begin to know you and then will collect information about your symptoms in order to insure that you have a clinical depression. If you have not had a physical examination recently and especially if you are over the age of 40, one may be recommended to rule out any physical explanations for your symptoms.