bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofiltration of waste gases in a reactor with a split‐feed
Authors: Mendoza JA , Veiga MC , Kennes C 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe efficiency of using different feed strategies was evaluated in the case of a gas‐phase biofilter packed with an inert carrier material. During a preliminary control‐period, the biofilter was first fed with a single downflow feed of toluene. Reactor performance and biomass distribution were evaluated. The feed was then split into two flows before entering the reactor. Different feed ratios were tested during a 6‐month period, following the preliminary control stage. Splitting the feed into equal flow rates through the upper and middle part of the biofilter (in a 50 : 50 ratio) improved the performance compared with the single‐feed period. Such a high performance could also be maintained when using a higher flow rate for the upper port than for the middle port, with a feed‐ratio of approximately 70 : 30, when more biomass was formed in the upper half of the filter bed. However, performance decreased when inverting this ratio from 70 : 30 to 30 : 70, ie when the highest flow rate was fed through the middle port of the biofilter. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Feasibility studies onin‐situbiological treatment of drilling muds at an abandoned site in Sicily
Authors: McDonald Jason A , Portier Ralph J 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe ongoing production and bioaccumulation of drilling fluids and muds has resulted in an increased concern for reducing the environmental impact of contaminated sites. The use of bioremediation as a treatment option is an important focus of research. Objectives of this study were: (i) to assess initial toxicity of drilling mud from an agricultural setting in Galliano, Sicily (Italy) and (ii) to develop a low intervention bioremediation approach to ensure that US and international soil/ground water quality standards have been met. Total petroleum hydrocarbon content of the drilling mud was reduced to 617.0 ± 176.0, 446.0 ± 195.0, and 533.0 ± 138.0 mg kg−1, respectively, from 5000.0 ± 530.0 mg kg−1after treatment via conventionalex‐situsoil slurry reactor mixing (84.2–95% reduction). Using anin‐situapproach with bioreactors placed vertically into the zone of contamination, hydrocarbon concentrations went from 217.12 ± 43.38 and 149.68 ± 45.51 mg kg−1to 15.16 ± 3.35 and 34.27 ± 15.86 mg kg−1for control test beds (85.1 ± 11.2% reduction), and from 89.20 ± 67.42, 141.71 ± 64.80, and 197.87 ± 77.38 mg kg−1to 5.24 ± 6.15, 15.02 ± 10.20, and 9.65 ± 9.37 mg kg−1for experimental test beds (92.9 ± 3.0% reduction), respectively. Cadmium (Cd) and Selenium (Se) had exceeded Italian and state soil leachability standards (0.005 mg dm−3Cd) and (0.010, 0.050 mg dm−3Se), at the conclusion of the study.In‐situtreatment of drilling mud provided a framework for monitoring the fate of organic and residual metals toxicity in soils. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrogen production from sucrose using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor process
Authors: Lin Chiu‐Yue , Jo Chia‐Hong 
Published: May 2003

AbstractStudies on hydrogen production in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR) indicated that the anaerobic acidogenic conversion of sucrose could produce hydrogen. The hydrogen production of acclimated sewage sludge depended on hydraulic retention time (HRT) and reaction period/settling period (R/S) ratio. A short equivalent HRT, even up to 4 h, gave good hydrogen productivity and high hydrogen production rate (HPR) values. For each equivalent HRT, R/S ratio control also increased the hydrogen productivity and HPR. Reactor operation at an intimate control of HRT and R/S ratio was preferable for hydrogen production. At HRT 8 h, R/S ratio 5.6 and an organic loading rate of 0.23 mol‐sucrose dm−3 day−1, each mole of sucrose in the mesophilic hydrogenic reactor yielded 2.6 mole of hydrogen; each gram of biomass produced 0.069 mole of hydrogen per day. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Approach to a pulse photoelectrocatalytic process for the degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: He Chun , Xiong Ya , Zha Changhong , Wang Ximei , Zhu Xihai 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAg–TiO2 composite film was supported on indium–tin oxide glass (ITO) by a dip‐coating and subsequent photodeposition procedure. The composite film was employed as the photoanode for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of Acid Orange II. The degradation efficiency for the PEC process on the Ag–TiO2/ITO electrode with a 0.8 V anodic bias is significantly higher than that for a photocatalytic process on Ag–TiO2/ITO film or for a PEC process on a neat TiO2/ITO photoanode. A new PEC technology with a pulse anodic bias was also proposed in order to solve the problem of the loss of deposited Ag from the Ag–TiO2/ITO. It was found that the PEC process with a 4.2 V pulse anodic bias could much more efficiently degrade Acid Orange II than that with a constant anodic bias of 0.8 V or 4.2 V. Moreover, when the duration of the open and close circuit time was identical, the treatment efficiency was observed to be optimal. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery: Color Doppler sonographic and angiographic findings
Authors: Özdemir Hüseyin , Mahmutyazıcıoğlu Kamran , Özkökeli Mehmet , Savranlar Ahmet , Özer Tülay , Demirel Fatma 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery is an uncommon condition that is usually caused by a traumatic injury or an iatrogenic intervention. The patient usually complains of an enlarging painless, pulsatile mass. A tentative diagnosis may be made by palpation of the pulsatile mass and detection of an associated systolic bruit. Color Doppler sonographic and arteriographic examinations can be used to confirm the diagnosis. We report the case of a 17‐year‐old patient with a posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery. Sonographic examinations revealed pulsatile flow into and out of a cystic structure surrounded by a thick hypoechoic wall and a “to‐and‐fro” pattern in the neck of the vascular mass; these findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was treated with ligation of the artery and resection of the pseudoaneurysm. He recovered well after surgery and remained free of symptoms 3 months postoperatively. We believe that color Doppler sonography should be the procedure of choice for use in diagnosing pseudoaneurysms; arteriography can then be used to evaluate the alternative blood supply before surgery is undertaken. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:283–287, 2003
Intraoperative transesophageal sonographic monitoring of tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava during radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tomita Yoshihiko , Kurumada Shigenori , Takahashi Kota , Ohzeki Hajime 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe report the case of a 58‐year‐old woman with renal cell carcinoma in whom real‐time transesophageal sonographic monitoring of the tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava provided dynamic information, allowing us to determine the appropriate operative procedure to use. Observation of the thrombus throughout the operation showed that mobilization of the liver resulted in compression of the inferior vena cava against the spine, increasing the risk of migration of the tumor thrombus and reinforcing the need to maintain adequate positioning of the liver to prevent such compression. The surgery was completed successfully, and the patient's postoperative course was uneventful. We recommend the use of real‐time transesophageal sonographic monitoring of the tumor thrombus during such surgical procedures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:274–277, 2003
Iliotibial band thickness: Sonographic measurements in asymptomatic volunteers
Authors: Goh Lesley‐Ann , Chhem Rethy K. , Wang Shih‐chang , Chee Thomas 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPurpose.The aims of this study were to measure the thickness of the iliotibial band (ITB) in asymptomatic adult volunteers and to determine whether there was any correlation between these measurements and the subjects' age, weight, or height.Methods.Sonography was used to measure the ITB thickness in 31 asymptomatic volunteers (13 men and 18 women) ranging from 25 to 68 years old. Two radiologists obtained the sonographic measurements of each volunteer at the levels of the femoral condyle and the tibial condyle of both knees. Findings of fluid or bursae adjacent to the ITB were recorded.Results.The mean ITB thickness was 1.95 mm ± 0.3 mm (± standard deviation) at the level of the femoral condyle and 3.4 mm ± 0.5 mm at the level of the tibial condyle. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between ITB thickness and subject age. There was no significant correlation between ITB thickness and subject weight or height. Joint fluid was present in the lateral recess of both knees in 29 volunteers (93.5%) and 1 knee joint in 2 volunteers (6.5%). Bursae were present in 3 volunteers (9.7%).Conclusions.The mean sonographic values of normal ITB thickness established using sonography may be helpful in diagnosing ITB pathology. There is no significant correlation between ITB thickness and subject weight or height, but there is a negative correlation between ITB thickness and subject age. Joint fluid in the lateral recess is present in most asymptomatic individuals, but bursae are rare. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:239–244, 2003
Color doppler imaging of orbital vessels: Personal experience and literature review
Authors: Tranquart François , Bergès Olivier , Koskas Patricia , Arsene Sophie , Rossazza Christian , Pisella Pierre‐Jean , Pourcelot Léandre 
Published: May 2003

AbstractMany Doppler imaging studies have been performed in recent years in a large number of ocular disorders because of improvements in the Doppler equipment used for detecting and measuring the low blood‐flow velocities that are a requisite for the quantitative evaluation of blood flow in the orbital vessels. The ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery and vein, posterior ciliary arteries, and the superior ophthalmic vein can be easily identified using color Doppler sonography. The changes in local blood flow in these vessels assessed by spectral analysis pulsed Doppler sonography have been used to characterize and to obtain new insights into different nontumoral vascular disorders including carotid artery stenosis, central retinal vein occlusion, giant cell arteritis, glaucoma, diabetes, fistulas, and tumoral processes of the eye and orbit. Our experience has confirmed the important role of Doppler sonography in the assessment of subclinical changes in the vascular bed, in the understanding of different processes, for following up after specific treatments, and for determining the long‐term prognosis of these various conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:258–273, 2003
Pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery ruptured into the superior mesenteric vein in a patient with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Suzuki Toshio , Ishida Hideaki , Komatsuda Tomoya , Oyaké Jinko , Miyauchi Takaharu , Heianna Joichi , Miyashita Masahiro 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe report the case of a patient with chronic pancreatitis that was complicated by the rare occurrence of a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery that ruptured into the superior mesenteric vein. The patient, a 65‐year‐old alcoholic man, suddenly experienced hematemesis. Gastroesophagoscopy revealed bleeding from esophageal varices; the hemorrhaging was controlled with sclerotherapy. Sonography identified a 2‐cm round anechoic mass at the pancreatic head, and color Doppler imaging revealed turbulent arterial flow within the mass, leading us to the diagnosis of the pseudoaneurysm. CT and angiographic findings generally corresponded with those of sonography and confirmed our diagnosis. The pseudoaneurysm was treated successfully with embolization, and the patient was discharged 10 days after therapy. Follow‐up sonography performed 2 months later confirmed the absence of blood flow within the lesion. Color Doppler sonography was very useful for diagnosing the pseudoaneurysm and planning its treatment, and we recommend its routine use in patients with chronic pancreatitis to avoid delays in diagnosing and treating such vascular complications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:278–282, 2003
Doppler measurement of blood flow velocities in extraocular orbital vessels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Erdem C. Zuhal , Altin Remzi , Erdem L. Oktay , Kargi Sebnem , Kart Levent , Cinar Fikret , Ayoglu Ferruh 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPurpose.We used color Doppler sonography to determine blood flow velocities in the extraocular orbital vessels of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and compared the results with those of healthy control subjects without OSAS.Methods.Patients with OSAS were classified according to the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) as having mild OSAS (AHI < 20) or severe OSAS (AHI ≥ 20). The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index were measured in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), lateral short posterior ciliary artery, and medial short posterior ciliary artery using color Doppler sonography. Only 1 eye was measured in each study participant, and right and left eyes were chosen randomly. The blood flow velocities of patients with OSAS and those of control subjects were compared with the Kruskal‐Wallis test and Wilcoxon's rank‐sum test.Results.The study comprised 30 patients (15 with mild and 15 with severe OSAS) and 20 healthy control subjects. Blood flow velocities were higher in most measured vessels in patients with OSAS than they were in the control subjects. Among patients with mild OSAS, the PSVs and EDVs in the posterior ciliary arteries were statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05), but those in the OA and CRA did not differ significantly between the mild OSAS group and the control group (p > 0.05). However, as the severity of OSAS increased, the PSVs and EDVs of the OA and CRA were also affected (p < 0.05).Conclusions.Color Doppler sonographic measurements of blood flow parameters in the orbital vessels may differ significantly between patients with OSAS and those without the syndrome. Therefore, OSAS should be considered in addition to other conditions when interpreting the results of color Doppler sonography of the extraocular orbital vessels if the clinical history points toward such a diagnosis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 31:250–257, 2003
Value of contrast‐enhanced power Doppler sonography using a microbubble echo‐enhancing agent in evaluation of small breast lesions
Authors: Kook Shin‐Ho , Kwag Hyon‐Joo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPurpose.The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced power Doppler sonography (PDUS) using a microbubble echo‐enhancing agent in differentiating between malignant and benign small breast lesions.Patients and Methods.Between July 1, 2000, and September 30, 2001, we performed gray‐scale sonographic examination of patients in whom diagnostic sonography or screening mammography had revealed solid breast lesions measuring less than 2 cm in the largest dimension. The patients were then examined on PDUS before and after injection of a microbubble contrast agent. The sonographic findings for all 3 techniques, as well as the morphologic features of the Doppler signals for each patient before and after injection of the contrast agent on PDUS, were independently assessed. Each lesion was classified as “benign” or “malignant” on the basis of specific criteria for sonographic interpretation. A hemodynamic study was performed in which time‐transit profiles of the Doppler signals on contrast‐enhanced PDUS were generated using a computer‐assisted program, and the results for each patient were compared with the findings of a histopathologic examination of surgical specimens.Results.Thirty‐six patients (35 women and 1 man) with a mean age of 43.5 years (range, 18–69 years) were evaluated. The tumors ranged from 4 to 19 mm in the largest dimension. Histopathologic examination revealed that 19 tumors were benign and 17 were malignant. For morphologic diagnosis of the malignant lesions, the sensitivity of gray‐scale sonography was 100%, compared with 29% for PDUS without contrast enhancement. The specificity of gray‐scale sonography was 47%, compared with 74% for PDUS without contrast enhancement. Contrast‐enhanced PDUS had a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 58%. The diagnostic accuracy was 72% for gray‐scale sonography, 53% for PDUS without contrast enhancement, and 64% for contrast‐enhanced PDUS. The time‐transit profiles of the hemodynamic study did not reveal a statistically significant difference in the accuracy rates of contrast‐enhanced PDUS between benign and malignant breast lesions.Conclusions.Compared with PDUS without contrast enhancement, contrast‐enhanced PDUS provides better visualization of the morphology of vascular Doppler signals that is characteristic of malignancy and therefore has a higher sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy, albeit a lower specificity. In differentiating between benign and malignant small breast lesions, contrast‐enhanced PDUS can be helpful when used with gray‐scale sonography and PDUS without contrast enhancement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:227–238, 2003
Adrenocortical zonation and ACTH
Authors: Vinson G.P. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe clear morphological distinction between the cells of the different adrenocortical zones has attracted speculation and experiment to interpret their functions and the ways in which they are regulated. Considerable data have been produced in recent years that has benefited a fuller understanding of the processes of steroidogenesis and of cell proliferation at the molecular level. This now enables the reexamination of earlier concepts. It is evident that there is considerable species variation, and this article, dealing mainly with the rat, reaches conclusions that do not necessarily apply to other mammals. In the rat adrenal, however, the evidence suggests that the greatest differences between the functions of the zones are between the glomerulosa and the fasciculata. Here the sometimes all‐or‐nothing demarcation in their complement of components associated with steroidogenesis or with cell proliferation suggests a stark division of labor. In this model the fasciculata is the main engine of steroid hormone output and the glomerulosa is the site of cell proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation. Regulating these functions are angiotensin II and other paracrine components that modulate and maintain the glomerulosa, and ACTH, that maintains the fasciculata, and recruits new fasciculata cells by transformation of proliferating glomerulosa cells. Grafted onto this mostly vegetative function of the glomerulosa is CYP11B2, limited to just a fraction of the outer glomerulosa in rats on a normal laboratory diet and generating aldosterone (and 18‐hydroxycorticosterone) from precursors whose origin is not, from the evidence summarized here, very clear, but may include the fasciculata, directly or indirectly. The biosynthesis of aldosterone in the rat certainly requires reinterpretation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:227–239, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ACTH and adrenocortical gap junctions
Authors: Murray Sandra A. , Davis Kevin , Gay Vernon 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSince the initial identification of gap junctions in the adrenal gland, it has been proposed that a system involving direct cell–cell communication might be involved in adrenal cortical functions. Gap junction channels do, in fact, provide pathways for direct intercellular exchange of small molecules (<1,000 Da), many of which have the potential to influence a wide range of cellular activities. Gap junctions are composed of proteins called connexin which, in the adrenal cortex, have proven to be remarkably consistent in both type and zonal distribution with connexin 43 (Cx43) as the predominant component in mammalian adrenal glands thus far evaluated. Only the inner two zones of the cortex (zonae fasciculata and reticularis) exhibit significant amounts of Cx43 and functional coupling. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) has been shown to increase Cx43 protein in vivo and in vitro, and a strong correlation has been noted between the presence of gap junctions and certain adrenal cortical functions, especially steroidogenic capacity and cell proliferation. This review summarizes evidence of the Cx43 expression in adrenal cortical cells and the likely role of Cx43 in steroidogenesis and cell proliferation. It is concluded that control of gap junction expression in the adrenal gland is hormonally dependent and is functionally linked to adrenal gland zonation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:240–246, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the development and maintenance of the adrenal cortical vasculature
Authors: Thomas Michaël , Keramidas Michelle , Monchaux Emmanuelle , Feige Jean‐Jacques 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe adrenal cortex is a highly vascularized endocrine tissue. A dense network of blood capillaries centripetally irrigates the adrenal gland, allowing every endocrine cell to be in contact with an endothelial cell. The pituitary hormone ACTH controls the coordinated development of the vasculature and the endocrine tissue mass. This suggests that paracrine secretions between steroidogenic adrenocytes and capillary endothelial cells participate in the control of adrenocortical homeostasis. Besides its effect on the vascular tone of arteries, ACTH induces the expression of the angiogenic cytokine VEGF‐A (vascular endothelial growth factor‐A) in primary cultures of adrenocortical cells. This growth factor is a specific mitogen for endothelial cells and is likely to mediate the hormonal control of adrenocortical vascularization through a paracrine mechanism. The newly discovered angiogenic factor EG‐VEGF (endocrine‐gland‐derived vascular endothelial growth factor), the expression of which is restricted to endocrine glands and which is preferentially mitogenic for endocrine tissue‐derived endothelial cells, is another candidate mediator of great potential interest. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:247–251, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.