bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating Harmonious Colors through the Combination of n-Grams and K-means
Authors: Sharma Shreeniwas , Tandukar Jyoti , Bista Rabindra 
Published: December 2023

Among the many approaches to studying color harmony tried so far, a relatively recent method is to leverage a large number of human-created and ranked color palettes, such as those hosted at colourlovers.com. Analysis of these large datasets could provide insights into the nature of color harmony but is usually overwhelming because of the sheer number of slightly differing colors. It is possible to quantize the colors in these color palettes to a manageable set of discrete colors without significantly affecting the harmony perception of the palette. Considering the quantized colors as words and the palettes as sentences, it is possible to form and compute the probabilities of n-Grams in the sentences. In this study, we create bigrams and trigrams from the corpus of highly ranked color palettes and use them to predict new color combinations. Respondents were asked to like or dislike the patterns colored with these color combinations. It was found that the new color combinations thus formed were almost as harmonious and pleasing as the originals.
Neurobiology basis of anxiety in adolescents with lymphoid tumors
Authors: Kuznetsova E. I. 
Published: December 2023

Relevance. Search for electroencephalographic, psychological and neurochemical correlates of anxiety in adolescents with lymphoid tumors (LT).Material and methods. In 23 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years with LT, receiving chemotherapy according to the programs recommended by group BFM (Berlin – Frankfurt – Munster), an electroencephalographic (EEG), biochemical and psychological study of the level of anxiety was performed using the Spielberger method. The control group included healthy adolescents.Results. Electroencephalograms in adolescents with LT differed significantly from those typical for this age group in the norm. During the chemotherapy, EEG variants were found that are not characteristic of healthy peers. A significant increase in the level of situational anxiety was revealed, compared with the control group. The level of both situational and personal anxiety correlated with power values in the beta‑1, -2 band (17–21 Hz) in the frontal areas of the cerebral cortex. Relationships were found between neurochemical indicators of stress (VMA) and neurotoxicity (N-ANA) with an increased content of beta‑1 and beta‑2 activity in the central-parietal regions and a deficit in the activity of the alpha frequency band, according to EEG data, and an increase in the level of anxiety.Conclusions. 1. In adolescents with LT, the tumor process and chemotherapy have a negative impact on the functioning of the central nervous system, which is reflected in the change in the level of ‘anxiety’ and the appearance of pathological forms of activity in the EEG and in the dynamics of neurochemical parameters. 2. An increased level of theta- and beta-activity in the frontotemporal areas of the cerebral cortex in adolescents with LT, which correlates with an increased level of anxiety, may be one of the markers of neurotoxicity.
The prevalence of falsification of biologically active additives popular among athletes: a scoping review
Authors: Miroshnikov А. В. , Rybakova P. D. , Meshtel A. V. 
Published: December 2023

Dietary supplements are widely used by athletes, but many may not be aware of their falsification, especially when you consider that supplements can often be contaminated with prohibited substances.Objective. To analyze and summarize information on the prevalence of falsification of dietary supplements.Methods. To analyze the research, we searched the following scientific electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, MedNar and eLibrary without language restrictions. The review included studies published over the past 25 years.Results. According to the search results, we found 271 studies and a total of 36 studies were included in the review.Conclusions. From 10 to 58% of biologically active additives may be contaminated with prohibited substances. The most common substances in them are anabolic–androgenic steroids and stimulants.
Viruses in chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Brar Tripti , Kita Hirohito , Marks Lisa A. , Miglani Amar , Marino Michael J. , Lal Devyani 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundUnlike acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) which is mostly viral in etiology, the role of viruses in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. Viruses may play a role in initiation, exacerbations or perpetuate chronic inflammatory responses in the sinonasal mucosa. Research needs to characterize whether viruses are part of the normal sinonasal microbiome, colonizers or pathogenic.MethodsSystematic review of the English literature was conducted. Following databases were searched with an initial search conducted in November 2021 and then updated through June 2023: Ovid Medline (1946 to present), Ovid Embase (1988 to present), Scopus (2004 to present) and Web of Science (1975 to present). MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms included: viruses, virus diseases, sinusitis, and rhinovirus. Keywords: virus, viral infection*, sinusitis, rhinovirus, chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS, respiratory virus, respiratory infection*, and exacerbat*. A supplementary search was conducted through September 2023: Ovid Medline (1946 to present), Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process &amp; Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily. Keywords used were: virus, viral infection*, sinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS, respiratory virus, respiratory infection*, and exacerbat*.ResultsThirty studies on viruses in CRS met inclusion criteria for full review. These included 17 studies on prevalence of virus in CRS, 5 examining probable causes of host susceptibility to viral infections in CRS, and 8 studies examining pathological pathways in viral association of CRS. The prevalence of viruses in nasal specimens of CRS subjects was higher as compared to controls in most studies, though a few studies showed otherwise. Rhinovirus was the most common virus detected. Studies showed that viruses may be associated with persistent hyper-responsiveness in the sinonasal mucosa, susceptibility to bacterial infections, upregulation of genes involved in the immune response and airway remodeling as well as CRS exacerbations. Presence of viruses was also associated with worse symptom severity scores in CRS subjects.ConclusionMost data show higher presence of viruses in nasal and serum samples of CRS subjects as compared to controls but their exact role in CRS pathophysiology in unclear. Large studies with longitudinal sampling at all disease phases (i.e., prior to disease initiation, during disease initiation, during disease persistence, and during exacerbations) using standardized sampling techniques are needed to definitively elucidate the role of virus in CRS.
Design of 3D-printed prostheses for reconstruction of periacetabular bone tumors using topology optimization
Authors: Zhu Jiazhuang , Hu Jianping , Zhu Kunpeng , Ma Xiaolong , Wang Yongjie , Xu Enjie , Huang Zhen , Zhu Yurun , Zhang Chunlin 
Published: December 2023

Background: Prostheses for the reconstruction of periacetabular bone tumors are prone to instigate stress shielding. The purpose of this study is to design 3D-printed prostheses with topology optimization (TO) for the reconstruction of periacetabular bone tumors and to add porous structures to reduce stress shielding and facilitate integration between prostheses and host bone.Methods: Utilizing patient CT data, we constructed a finite element analysis (FEA) model. Subsequent phases encompassed carrying out TO on the designated area, utilizing the solid isotropic material penalization model (SIMP), and this optimized removal area was replaced with a porous structure. Further analyses included preoperative FEA simulations to comparatively evaluate parameters, including maximum stress, stress distribution, strain energy density (SED), and the relative micromotion of prostheses before and after TO. Furthermore, FEA based on patients’ postoperative CT data was conducted again to assess the potential risk of stress shielding subsequent to implantation. Ultimately, preliminary follow-up findings from two patients were documented.Results: In both prostheses, the SED before and after TO increased by 143.61% (from 0.10322 to 0.25145 mJ/mm3) and 35.050% (from 0.30964 to 0.41817 mJ/mm3) respectively, showing significant differences (p &lt; 0.001). The peak stress in the Type II prosthesis decreased by 10.494% (from 77.227 to 69.123 MPa), while there was no significant change in peak stress for the Type I prosthesis. There were no significant changes in stress distribution or the proportion of regions with micromotion less than 28 μm before and after TO for either prosthesis. Postoperative FEA verified results showed that the stress in the pelvis and prostheses remained at relatively low levels. The results of follow-up showed that the patients had successful osseointegration and their MSTS scores at the 12th month after surgery were both 100%.Conclusion: These two types of 3D-printed porous prostheses using TO for periacetabular bone tumor reconstruction offer advantages over traditional prostheses by reducing stress shielding and promoting osseointegration, while maintaining the original stiffness of the prosthesis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments show that these prostheses meet the requirements for daily activities of patients. This study provides a valuable reference for the design of future periacetabular bone tumor reconstruction prostheses.
Alcohol induces neural tube defects by reducing retinoic acid signaling and promoting neural plate expansion
Authors: Edri Tamir , Cohen Dor , Shabtai Yehuda , Fainsod Abraham 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most debilitating and common developmental defects in humans. The induction of NTDs has been attributed to abnormal folic acid (vitamin B9) metabolism, Wnt and BMP signaling, excess retinoic acid (RA), dietary components, environmental factors, and many others. In the present study we show that reduced RA signaling, including alcohol exposure, induces NTDs.Methods:Xenopus embryos were exposed to pharmacological RA biosynthesis inhibitors to study the induction of NTDs. Embryos were treated with DEAB, citral, or ethanol, all of which inhibit the biosynthesis of RA, or injected to overexpress Cyp26a1 to reduce RA. NTD induction was studied using neural plate and notochord markers together with morphological analysis. Expression of the neuroectodermal regulatory network and cell proliferation were analyzed to understand the morphological malformations of the neural plate.Results: Reducing RA signaling levels using retinaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors (ethanol, DEAB, and citral) or Cyp26a1-driven degradation efficiently induce NTDs. These NTDs can be rescued by providing precursors of RA. We mapped this RA requirement to early gastrula stages during the induction of neural plate precursors. This reduced RA signaling results in abnormal expression of neural network genes, including the neural plate stem cell maintenance genes, geminin, and foxd4l1.1. This abnormal expression of neural network genes results in increased proliferation of neural precursors giving rise to an expanded neural plate.Conclusion: We show that RA signaling is required for neural tube closure during embryogenesis. RA signaling plays a very early role in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of the neural plate soon after the induction of neural progenitors during gastrulation. RA signaling disruption leads to the induction of NTDs through the mis regulation of the early neuroectodermal network, leading to increased proliferation resulting in the expansion of the neural plate. Ethanol exposure induces NTDs through this mechanism involving reduced RA levels.
Localization in vivo and in vitro confirms EnApiAP2 protein encoded by ENH_00027130 as a nuclear protein in Eimeria necatrix
Authors: Cai Weimin , Feng Qianqian , Wang Liyue , Su Shijie , Hou Zhaofeng , Liu Dandan , Kang Xilong , Xu Jinjun , Pan Zhiming , Tao Jianping 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionApicomplexan AP2 family of proteins (ApiAP2) are transcription factors (TFs) that regulate parasite growth and development, but little is known about the ApiAP2 TFs in Eimeria spp. ENH_00027130 sequence is predicted to encode a Eimeria necatrix ApiAP2 protein (EnApiAP2).MethodsThe cDNAs encoding full-length and truncated EnApiAP2 protein were cloned and sequenced, respectively. Then, the two cDNAs were cloned into the pET28a(+) expression vector and expressed expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The mouse polyclonal antibody (pAb) and monoclonal antibody (mAb) against recombinant EnApiAP2 (rEnApiAP2) and EnApiAP2tr (rEnApiAP2tr) were prepared and used to localize the native EnApiAP2 protein in E. necatrix, respectively. Finally, the recombinant pEGFP-C1-ΔNLS-EnApiAP2s (knockout of a nuclear localization sequence, NLS) and pEGFP-C1-EnApiAP2 plasmid were constructed and transfected into DF-1 cells, respectively, to further observe subcellular localization of EnApiAP2 protein.ResultsThe EnApiAP2 gene had a size of 5019 bp and encoded 1672 amino acids, containing a conserved AP2 domain with a secondary structure consisting of an α-helix and three antiparallel β-strands. The rEnApiAP2 and rEnApiAP2tr were predominantly expressed in the form of inclusion bodies, and could be recognized by the 6×His tag mAb and the serum of convalescent chickens after infection with E. necatrix, respectively. The native EnApiAP2 protein was detected in sporozoites (SZ) and second generation merozoites (MZ-2) extracts, with a size of approximately 210 kDa. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that the transcription level of EnApiAP2 was significantly higher in SZ than in MZ-2, third generation merozoites (MZ-3) and gametocytes (P&lt;0.01). EnApiAP2 protein was localized in the nuclei of SZ, MZ-2 and MZ-3 of E. necatrix. The protein of EnApiAP2 was localized in the nucleus of the DF-1 cells, whereas the ΔNLS-EnApiAP2 was expressed in the cytoplasm, which further confirmed that EnApiAP2 is nucleoprotein.DiscussionEnApiAP2 protein encoded by ENH_00027130 sequence was localized in the nucleus of E. necatrix parasites, and relied on the NLS for migration to DF-1 cell nucleus. The function of EnApiAP2 need further study.
The impacts of tobacco control legislation on public view of e-cigarette usage in Macao—The co-word analysis of Macao daily
Authors: Chan Kin-Sun , Xu Jing , Zhang Rui , Pang Patrick Cheong-Iao , Chen Yu , Zhang Heng , Liu Shiyu , Mao Aimei , Pu Guanwen , Au Johnny Ka fai 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionMacao has been certified as a “Healthy City” by the World Health Organization, and has been adhering to the principle of combining prevention with proper medical care to build its medical system. As tobacco epidemic is a risk factor leading to a series of non-communicable diseases, the Macao SAR Government has continuously improved tobacco control measures.MethodsThe data for this study were derived from a news report on “e-cigarettes” published in Macao Daily. Co-word analysis and thematic analysis were conducted to analyze the development of tobacco control legislation against e-cigarettes. Co-word analysis examined the association and frequency of keywords, while thematic analysis identified prevalent themes within the data.ResultsThe study identified three stages of legislation against e-cigarettes: the pre-implementation stage, the early implementation stage, and the epidemic period. Each stage exhibited distinct characteristics and attention toward specific groups, particularly “teenagers” and “students,” increased significantly. Thematic analysis further highlighted the potential issues of drug use and smuggling associated with e-cigarettes.DiscussionThe findings suggest that the Macao SAR Government should prioritize the development of healthy behaviors among adolescents in the context of e-cigarette control. Additionally, considering regional cooperation to promote the “Healthy Bay Area” could be beneficial. Social media platforms and effective data management should be utilized as tools in these efforts.
Bilingual advantages in foreign language learning: evidence from primary-school pupils with developmental language disorder
Authors: Tribushinina Elena , Mackaaij Megan 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionOne of the bilingual advantages often reported in the literature on typically-developing children involves advantages in foreign language learning at school. However, it is unknown whether similar advantages hold for bilingual pupils with learning disabilities. In this study, we compare the performance of monolingual and bilingual primary-school children with developmental language disorder (DLD) learning English as a school subject in special education schools in the Netherlands.MethodsThe participants were monolingual (N = 49) and bilingual (N = 22) children with DLD attending Grade 4−6 of special education (age 9–12). The bilingual participants spoke a variety of home languages. The English tests included a vocabulary task, a grammar test and a grammaticality judgement task. The Litmus Sentence Repetition Task and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were used as measures of, respectively, grammatical ability and vocabulary size in Dutch (majority/school language). In addition, samples of semi-spontaneous speech were elicited in both English and Dutch using the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives. The narratives were analysed for fluency, grammatical accuracy, lexical diversity, and syntactic complexity. A questionnaire was used to measure amount of exposure to English outside of the classroom.Results and discussionThe results for Dutch revealed no differences between monolinguals and bilinguals on the narrative measures, but monolinguals performed significantly better on both vocabulary and grammar. In contrast, bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on all English measures, except grammatical accuracy of narratives. However, some of the differences became non-significant once we controlled for amount of out-of-school exposure to English. This is the first study to demonstrate that foreign language learning advantages extend to bilingual children with DLD. The results also underline the need to control for differences in out-of-school exposure to English when comparing bilingual and monolingual pupils on foreign language outcomes.
Increase in antibiotic resistance in diabetic foot infections among peruvian patients: a single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Moya-Salazar Jeel , Chamana Jackelina M. , Porras-Rivera Daniela , Goicochea-Palomino Eliane A. , Salazar Carmen R. , Contreras-Pulache Hans 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundDiabetic foot is one of the most significant complications in individuals with diabetes and is closely associated with lower limb amputation. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these bacterial isolates play a critical role in guiding effective treatment strategies We aimed to determine the most common bacterial agents causing diabetic foot infections in a tertiary-care hospital in Peru.MethodsClinical and microbiological data were collected from 181 patients diagnosed with diabetic foot infections and positive microbiological culture results. All the samples were analyzed with the Vitek 2 compact system and the cut-off points were defined with the CLSI M100 guide. The data were segregated based on mono-microbial or poly-microbial cultures, bacterial types, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles.ResultsA total of 32 bacterial species were identified, predominantly Gram-negative (63%). The most frequent bacterial agents isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (19.9%), Escherichia coli (12.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.3%), and Proteus vulgaris (6.6%). These bacteria commonly exhibited resistance to Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and Cefuroxime. E. coli showed the highest antibiotic resistance (19 antibiotics), while Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and Levofloxacin demonstrated the highest sensitivity against the most prevalent bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria also exhibited notable antibiotic-susceptibility to Meropenem, Piperacillin/tazobactam, and Amikacin. Regarding the presence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, 54 isolates tested positive, with 35 (64.8%) and 14 (42.4%) of these being S. aureus and E. coli.ConclusionsBacterial agents causing diabetic foot infections pose a constant concern, particularly due to the increasing antibiotic resistance observed. This difficulty in treating the condition contributes to a higher risk of amputation and mortality. Further research on bacterial susceptibility is necessary to determine appropriate dosages for pharmacological treatment and to prevent the overuse of antibiotics.
Musclin prevents depression-like behavior in male mice by activating urocortin 2 signaling in the hypothalamus
Authors: Ataka Koji , Asakawa Akihiro , Iwai Haruki , Kato Ikuo 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionPhysical activity is recommended as an alternative treatment for depression. Myokines, which are secreted from skeletal muscles during physical activity, play an important role in the skeletal muscle-brain axis. Musclin, a newly discovered myokine, exerts physical endurance, however, the effects of musclin on emotional behaviors, such as depression, have not been evaluated. This study aimed to access the anti-depressive effect of musclin and clarify the connection between depression-like behavior and hypothalamic neuropeptides in mice.MethodsWe measured the immobility time in the forced swim (FS) test, the time spent in open arm in the elevated-plus maze (EPM) test, the mRNA levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides, and enumerated the c-Fos-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in mice with the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of musclin. Next, we evaluated the effects of a selective corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor antagonist, selective CRF type 2 receptor antagonist, melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist, and selective melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonist on changes in behaviors induced by musclin. Finally we evaluated the antidepressant effect of musclin using mice exposed to repeated water immersion (WI) stress.ResultsWe found that the i.p. and i.c.v. administration of musclin decreased the immobility time and relative time in the open arms (open %) in mice and increased urocortin 2 (Ucn 2) levels but decreased proopiomelanocortin levels in the hypothalamus. The numbers of c-Fos-positive cells were increased in the PVN and NTS but decreased in the ARC of mice with i.p. administration of musclin. The c-Fos-positive cells in the PVN were also found to be Ucn 2-positive. The antidepressant and anxiogenic effects of musclin were blocked by central administration of a CRF type 2 receptor antagonist and a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist, respectively. Peripheral administration of musclin also prevented depression-like behavior and the decrease in levels of hypothalamic Ucn 2 induced by repeated WI stress.DiscussionThese data identify the antidepressant effects of musclin through the activation of central Ucn 2 signaling and suggest that musclin and Ucn 2 can be new therapeutic targets and endogenous peptides mediating the muscle−brain axis.