bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of N. gonorrhoea isolates in Ghana
Authors: Musah Haris Sualah , Addy Francis , Dufailu Osman Adamu 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Gonorrhoea is a disease associated with humans and caused by N. gonorrhoea. N. gonorrhoea’s ability to evolve and evade various treatment regimens can lead to untreatable gonorrhoea. In the absence of a viable vaccine, a national database on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and molecular characteristics of N. gonorrhoea, and the reliance on a syndromic management regime, continuous national antimicrobial resistance surveillance and molecular characterisation of N. gonorrhoea remain imperative. Only two gonococcal studies have described its molecular characteristics linked to AMR in Ghana.
Methods: Secondary N. gonorrhoea isolates (n=4) were collected from two metropolises in Ghana: Tamale in the northern sector (n=1) and Accra in the southern sector (n=3). The isolates were confirmed and characterised using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the porB and tbpB genes, and the disk diffusion method was used to evaluate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). N. gonorrhoea Multi-Antigen Sequence Typing (NG-MAST) and porin B (porB) gene sequence analyses were used to reveal molecular epidemiology and evolutionary trajectory, respectively.
Results: All four isolates showed resistance to at least four of the tested antibiotics. One isolate showed resistance to all seven antibiotics, i.e. Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Togamycin and Penicillin. NG-MAST typing revealed isolates S3 (MZ313864) as ST211. The locus of S2 (MZ313863) (transferrin binding protein B; tbpB) was identified as tbpB1844, and its porin, porB locus, as porB6412 with only four closely related variants but with 15 nucleotide differences. However, its sequence type does not exist. The PorB analysis identified isolate S3 (MZ313864) to be found globally, while S2 (MZ313863) is unique to this study.
Discussion: Despite the small number of isolates tested, this study recorded multidrug resistance and previously unknown gonococcal variants. Additionally, the molecular typing schemes revealed a disparity between NG-MAST and NCBI. There is a need for continuous gonococcal AMR and molecular surveillance in Ghana to contribute to the global efforts of describing circulating strains and to support a proper application of the syndromic management regime to gonorrhoea.
Evaporation of bacteria-laden surrogate respiratory fluid droplets: On a hydrophilic substrate versus contact-free environment confers differential bacterial infectivity
Authors: Agharkar Amey Nitin , Hajra Dipasree , Roy Durbar , Jaiswal Vivek , Kabi Prasenjit , Chakravortty Dipshikha , Basu Saptarshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe transmission of viruses/ bacteria cause infection predominantly via aerosols. The transmission mechanism of respiratory diseases is complex, including direct or indirect contact, large droplet, and airborne routes apart from close contact transmission. With this pretext, we have investigated two modes of droplet evaporation to understand its significance in airborne disease transmission; a droplet in a contact-free environment, which evaporates and forms droplet nuclei, and a droplet on a hydrophilic substrate (fomite). The study examines mass transport, the deposition pattern of bacteria in the precipitates, and their survival and virulence. The osmotic pressure increases with the salt concentration, inactivating the bacteria embedded in the precipitates with accelerated evaporation. Further, the bacteria’s degree of survival and enhanced pathogenicity are compared for both evaporation modes. The striking differences in pathogenicity are attributed to the evaporation rate, oxygen availability, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
Low-order planar pressure reconstruction of stalled airfoils using particle image velocimetry data
Authors: Carter D. W. , Ganapathisubramani B. 
Published: January 2024

We present planar time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of flow in the streamwise surface-normal plane of a NACA 0012 airfoil at chord-based Reynolds number Rec=7×104. The angles of attack α=13∘ and 15∘ correspond to transient stall and deep stall flow regimes, respectively. A Poisson solver is utilized to reconstruct the instantaneous planar pressure fields from the PIV with satisfactory comparison in the mean pressure compared with dynamically matched Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. Using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), a systematic reduced-order reconstruction of the velocity fields and subsequent pressure fields is used to quantify the required number of velocity modes to achieve a desired accuracy in the instantaneous pressure. Further, a Galerkin projection of the Poisson equation onto the POD subspace is used as a framework to identify the relative contribution of each velocity mode on the resulting pressure field via quadratic stochastic estimation (QSE). In both cases, the zeroth mode (corresponding to the mean) is of leading-order importance. In addition, a tendency of the zeroth mode to interact with vortex-shedding modes is identified.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Analyzing organic food purchase intentions: eco-literacy and innovation resistance
Authors: Bhutto Muhammad Yaseen , Rūtelionė Aušra 
Published: January 2024

Purpose This research examines consumer reluctance to purchase organic food using the theory of innovation resistance and also extends the theory by investigating the moderating influence of eco-literacy. In addition, the authors used a multigroup analysis to identify differences between consumer segments.Design/methodology/approach Data collection used computer-assisted web interviewing and a prior screening process to confirm engagement. Through stratified quota sampling, 1,000 useable responses were obtained from 2,887 recipients.Findings The findings reveal barriers are significant inhibitors to adopting organic food. Among these barriers, usage, risk tradition and image barriers have a significant adverse influence on purchase intention. In contrast, the value barrier has a nonsignificant influence on the purchase intention of organic food. However, the study found that eco-literacy significantly reduces the negative influence of risk and tradition barriers on consumers' intentions. In addition, a multigroup analysis examines notable differences between consumer groups based on education, age and income.Social implications This research has significant social implications for boosting sustainable consumption in Lithuania. It identifies key barriers to organic food adoption, emphasizing the need for strategic interventions. The study highlights eco-literacy as an essential tool in diminishing resistance to organic food, advocating for targeted educational initiatives. Additionally, it reveals the importance of tailored marketing strategies based on different consumer demographics. Overall, this study provides important insights to promote environmentally conscious consumer behavior and overcome resistance to innovation in the organic food sector.Originality/value This study expressively advances the understanding of intentional behavior by exploring organic food within Lithuania's Baltic economy. It authenticates the innovation resistance theory's applicability to organic food behavior in the region while emphasizing the moderating impact of eco-literacy in the link between barriers and purchase intention concerning organic food. Furthermore, using advanced methods such as partial least squares statistical modeling and multi-group analysis, the research reveals how barriers affect the purchase intention of organic food among different groups of consumers.
Collective shared value creation as emergent strategy for cluster management organizations
Authors: Grimbert Stephanie Francis , Wilson James R. , Amores Bravo Xavier , Pezzi Alberto 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Cluster management organizations (CMOs) have emerged over the past few decades as intermediaries that support the competitiveness of place-based clusters of economic activity. Despite their economic origins, policymakers are now starting to experiment with a broader use for cluster policies that seeks to leverage CMOs to tackle societal challenges in approaches aligned with the concept of creating shared value (CSV). However, there remains a void in conceptual understanding around the specific roles that CMOs might play in overcoming the barriers faced by their members for CSV, which this paper aims to address. Bridging this gap presents an opportunity for cluster practitioners and policymakers in a context in which environmental and social sustainability are at the top of policy agendas.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on analysis of literature around collaborative approaches to CSV for mitigating transaction costs, the authors define the contours of a new conceptual framework for the roles that CMOs can play in fostering collective CSV. The authors illustrate how the different components of the framework are reflected in emerging cluster practice in the context of a new wave of European cluster-based projects tackling CSV elements.

Findings
The resulting framework reconciles the concepts of clusters and CSV by explicitly positioning CMOs as intermediaries for facilitating the CSV strategies of their members. CMOs embrace emergent strategy making that targets (tangible and intangible) collective CSV capabilities and addresses collective CSV challenges. Collective CSV can provide a theoretical anchor guiding future cluster policies to fully leverage the transformative potential of CMOs. This conceptual framework opens a promising empirical research agenda, particularly around evaluating the plurality of impacts of CMOs.

Originality/value
By stressing the social impact of CMOs alongside their well-understood economic impacts, and by enabling a categorization of functions that can support the monitoring of CMO activities toward collective CSV strategies, the framework provides a novel basis for inspiring further empirical research into the evidencing of these roles.
Inward foreign direct investment and domestic entrepreneurship in China: the moderating role of intellectual property infringement hazards
Authors: Liu Na , Bae MoonGyu , Lee Keon Hee 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
The scholarly debate regarding the impact of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on entrepreneurship remains inconclusive. This study aims to tackle this discrepancy by positing that the relationship between inward FDI and entrepreneurship in the host nation is not deterministic but is moderated by intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement hazards. These hazards are postulated to dictate the level of knowledge spillovers from inward FDI, thereby affecting entrepreneurial activities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses panel data regression analysis using data spanning 30 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2018. The Hausman test results rejected the null hypothesis, recommending the use of the fixed-effects estimator over the random-effects one for statistical consistency. Therefore, the fixed-effects estimator is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The study’s analysis reveals that the main effect of inward FDI on entrepreneurship is statistically insignificant. However, once IPR infringement hazards are introduced to the model as a moderator, the main effect turns statistically positive and significant. Notably, the positive main effect diminishes as IPR infringement hazards increase.

Originality/value
Highlighting the role of IPR infringement hazards as a moderator, this research unveils the nuanced relationship between inward FDI and entrepreneurship, thereby addressing the ongoing theoretical debate. This study demonstrates that knowledge spillovers from inward FDI are not automatic but depend on concerns about IPR infringements in the host nation. The resultant spillovers are then translated into entrepreneurial activities.
Exploring the dark side effects of visionary leadership – A dual-path perspective of cognition and affect
Authors: Chen Hao , Song Lynda Jiwen , Wei Wu , Wang Liang 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test the mechanism of visionary leadership on subordinates' work withdrawal behavior through cognitive strain and psychological contract violation, and also to reveal the possible dark side of visionary leadership. The moderation effects of subordinates' facades of conformity and leader behavioral integrity in the cognition–affect dual-path process are also discussed.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a three-wave longitudinal survey. The data were collected from 574 employees and their superiors in several Chinese enterprises. The authors used Mplus 7.4 and adopted a bootstrapping technique in the data analysis.FindingsVisionary leadership has positive effects on cognitive strain and psychological contract violation; cognitive strain and psychological contract violation mediate the relationship between visionary leadership and work withdrawal behavior, respectively. Subordinates' facades of conformity and leader behavioral integrity moderate the positive effects of visionary leadership on cognitive strain and psychological contract violation, as well as the indirect effect of visionary leadership on subordinates' work withdrawal behavior through cognitive strain and psychological contract violation.Originality/valueThis study reveals the underlying mechanism of visionary leadership's negative impact on job outcome through the cognition and affective reaction of subordinates to visionary leadership, and broadens the scope of visionary leadership research. It also provides some practical suggestions on how to transmit the organizational vision effectively and reduce subordinates' work withdrawal behavior.
Mobilization, self-expression or argument? A computational method for identifying language styles in political discussion on Twitter
Authors: Hu Lingshu 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThis study develops a computational method to investigate the predominant language styles in political discussions on Twitter and their connections with users' online characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThis study gathers a large Twitter dataset comprising political discussions across various topics from general users. It utilizes an unsupervised machine learning algorithm with pre-defined language features to detect language styles in political discussions on Twitter. Furthermore, it employs a multinomial model to explore the relationships between language styles and users' online characteristics.FindingsThrough the analysis of over 700,000 political tweets, this study identifies six language styles: mobilizing, self-expressive, argumentative, narrative, analytic and informational. Furthermore, by investigating the covariation between language styles and users' online characteristics, such as social connections, expressive desires and gender, this study reveals a preference for an informational style and an aversion to an argumentative style in political discussions. It also uncovers gender differences in language styles, with women being more likely to belong to the mobilizing group but less likely to belong to the analytic and informational groups.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights into the psychological mechanisms and social statuses of users who adopt particular language styles. It assists political communicators in understanding their audience and tailoring their language to suit specific contexts and communication objectives.Social implicationsThis study reveals gender differences in language styles, suggesting that women may have a heightened desire for social support in political discussions. It highlights that traditional gender disparities in politics might persist in online public spaces.Originality/valueThis study develops a computational methodology by combining cluster analysis with pre-defined linguistic features to categorize language styles. This approach integrates statistical algorithms with communication and linguistic theories, providing researchers with an unsupervised method for analyzing textual data. It focuses on detecting language styles rather than topics or themes in the text, complementing widely used text classification methods such as topic modeling. Additionally, this study explores the associations between language styles and the online characteristics of social media users in a political context.
The role of hired labour on technical efficiency in an expanding dairy sector: The case of Ireland
Authors: Garcia‐Covarrubias Luis , Läpple Doris , Dillon Emma , Thorne Fiona 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe 2015 EU milk quota abolition initiated considerable expansion in the dairy sector. This expansion has increased the demand for additional labour in some EU countries, most significantly in Ireland. This paper explores the role of hired labour on Irish dairy farms' technical efficiency (TE). We use a detailed farm‐level panel data set of a representative sample from 2000 to 2018. To estimate transient, persistent, and overall TE over time, we apply a 4‐component stochastic frontier model. Our findings show significant variation in TE scores over the period. We also control for endogeneity to obtain marginal effects of hired labour on TE. The results reveal that hired labour has a significant yet small, positive effect on farms' TE. Our findings suggest that the effect of hired labour on TE is larger for small and medium‐sized farms. This effect is larger when herd size increases.
Impact of cash transfers on the association between prenatal exposures to high temperatures and low birthweight: Retrospective analysis from the LEAP 1000 study
Authors: LaPointe Sarah , Mendola Pauline , Lin Shao , Tian Lili , Bonell Ana , Adamba Clement , Palermo Tia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the associations between prenatal temperature exposures and low birthweight (LBW) and modification by cash transfer (CT) receipt.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingFive rural districts in Northern Ghana.Population or sampleA total of 3016 infants born to women interviewed as part of the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP 1000) impact evaluation between 2015 and 2017.MethodsBirthweight was collected using household surveys administered to LEAP 1000 eligible women. We used a UNICEF‐developed multiple imputation approach to address missingness of birthweight and applied an empirical heaping correction to the multiply imputed birthweight data. Survey data were linked to the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5‐hourly temperature averaged to weeks for 2011–2017 using community centroids. Using distributed‐lag nonlinear models, we explored the lag‐specific associations between weekly average temperatures greater than 30°C and LBW, and stratified by LEAP 1000 treatment.Main outcome measuresLow birthweight (<2.5 kg).ResultsTwelve percent (n = 365) of infants were LBW; the mean ± SD birthweight was 3.02 ± 0.37 kg. Overall, increasing temperatures were associated with increased odds of LBW, with the greatest odds observed in the 3 weeks before birth (odds ratio 1.005–1.025). These positive associations were even larger among comparison infants and null among treatment infants.ConclusionsOur study found increased odds of LBW with high weekly average temperatures throughout pregnancy and the preconception period and demonstrate mitigated effects by the LEAP 1000 CT program. More evidence on the potential of CTs to serve as adaptation interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries is needed to protect pregnant persons and their infants from the impacts of climate change.
Age‐dependent changes in the brain of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus): A morphometric analysis and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mohamad Amira M. , Hassan Said A. , Moussa Eid Ali , El Mahdy Tarek Omar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current manuscript had been conducted to evaluate the effect of ageing on the brains of albino rats on the macro‐morphometric level and to assess the different parameters of brain and brain structures affected by ageing. Fifty apparently healthy rats of both sexes (27 males and 23 females) were used in the study, in addition to three rats for MRI. The animals were divided into four groups according to their age. Magnetic resonance imaging and cross sections of the brain were performed to document dimensions of various brain structures such as the hippocampus, surface area of lateral ventricle as well as dorsal and piriform cortices. Ageing would result into a negative impact on some brain structures. However, some others had not been affected as much. Furthermore, sex of the animal presented an important role as a variant where male rats of each age group demonstrated different results than their analogous female rats. In addition, MRI examination of the rat brain allowed recognition of the major cerebral structures. Findings of this work might be considered as a trial to provide a proof of changes resulted from normal ageing in both male and female rats and which sex is more affected than the other.
Is tropical pus in the hand special? A retrospective study comparing hand infection cases in Darwin and Adelaide
Authors: Baxter Claire R. , Burnett Nikki , Alatrash Mona , Sires James , van Essen Phillipa , Dean Nicola R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHand infections are a common reason for presenting to hospital and can be associated with significant morbidity and prolonged antibiotic use. Factors recognized to influence patient outcomes include resistant organisms and delayed presentation. Surgeons working around Australia may assume that hand infections and appropriate treatment algorithms will be similar between sites. This is the first study to examine differences between hand infections presenting in Darwin (with its tropical climate) vs. those in a more temperate city (Adelaide).MethodsThis is a two‐site retrospective study, where diagnostic discharge codes were used to identify cases for a 12‐month period and patient age, sex and rurality, duration of hospital stay, microbiology results and subsequent trips to theatre were reviewed.ResultsDespite significant differences in rurality between FMC and RDH patients, there was no significant difference in length of hospital stay, duration of intravenous antibiotics or return trips to theatre across the two sites. RDH reported a 25% rate of MRSA, compared to 18% at FMC, as well as a statistically significant increase in uncommon microbes, with 30% compared to 12% of patients growing microbes that may not be covered by antibiotics routinely administered in metropolitan areas. A limitation of this study was that compliance with antibiotics and hospital stay were not accounted for.ConclusionIt is often our training years that determine our norms of everyday practice, but fewer Australian surgical training posts are located in tropical centres. The results of this study highlight the importance of not assuming that the spectrum of organisms causing hand infections are the same as that in the surgeons' state of origin.