bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Label Use Improves Dietary Quality and Mediates Improved Glycemic Control in Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes: The DIALBEST trial
Authors: SAMUEL GRACE KOLLANNOOR , Shebl Fatma M , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Chhabra Jyoti , Vega‐López Sonia , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCulturally‐ and health literacy‐appropriate education has proven benefits in type 2 diabetes management among Latinos who disproportionately suffer from the disease and related complications. There is limited empirical evidence documenting the effect of diabetes‐specific education on food label (FL) use. Similarly, little is known about the effect of FL use on glycemic control among individuals with T2D.ObjectivesTo determine the impact of a community health worker (CHW)‐led intervention on FL use, and if FL use and diet mediate the intervention's impact on blood glucose control.MethodsLatinos (N=203; intervention=100; control=103) with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in a randomized control trial and assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Intervention included 17 home‐based sessions over a 12‐month period from CHWs in addition to the ‘standard of care’ available to all. Data on FL use, dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index‐2010 assessed from one 24hr recall), covariates, and glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) were collected at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Data were analyzed using mixed effects and multi‐level structural equation modelling.ResultsFL use among the intervention group (vs. control) was significantly higher at 3, 12, and 18m; Overall repeated measures analyses suggests higher odds of FL use among the intervention participants compared to the controls [OR=2.99 (95% CI: 1.69, 5.29)]. FL use and dietary quality mediated improved HbA1c levels [intervention vs. controls: −0.09% (−0.23, −0.02)].ConclusionsCulturally tailored CHWs‐led intervention increased FL use. FL use and better dietary quality mediated the HbA1c intervention effect among Latinos with type 2 diabetes.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the Connecticut NIH Export Center for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos (NIH‐ NCMHD grant # P20MD001765 to Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla).
Menaquinone‐7 Supplementation Improves Lipid Profile in Obese African‐American Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pollock Norman K , Nguyen Joshua , Fain Mary Ellen , Gower Barbara A. , Bassali Reda , Davis Catherine L 
Published: November 2023

The childhood obesity surge has led to a larger population of children with dyslipidemia. Without intervention, dyslipidemia is likely to become atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Menaquinones, also known as vitamin K2, have been recently focused as a pivotal nutrient in improvement in lipid related parameters, possibly via increased carboxylation of matrix Gla‐protein (MGP). Therefore, this study investigated the dose‐response effect of menaquinone‐7 (MK‐7) supplementation on lipid profile and the inactive form of MGP (dephospho‐uncarboxylated MGP, dp‐ucMGP) in obese African‐American (AA) children. Associations between the changes in dp‐ucMGP and the changes in lipid related parameters were also determined. Fifteen obese AA children (mean age, 12.3 ± 2.9 years; mean BMI percentile, 98.8 ± 1.0; 60% female) were randomly allocated to either the control group receiving placebo or the low‐dose (45‐μg/d) or high‐dose group (90‐μg/d) receiving MK‐7 supplementation for 8 weeks. At baseline and posttest, fasting blood samples were collected for assessment of serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, non‐HDL‐cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol, and plasma levels of dp‐ucMGP. After 8 weeks, dp‐ucMGP decreased significantly and dose‐dependently in the 45‐μg and 90‐μg MK‐7 supplementation groups by 8% and 22%, respectively (P=0.02). A dose‐response benefit of MK‐7 supplementation was also observed for triglycerides, total cholesterol, non‐HDL‐cholesterol, and LDL‐cholesterol as indicated by significant downward trends (all P < 0.05). There was no dose‐response effect of MK‐7 on HDL‐cholesterol. Pearson's bivariate analyses revealed that changes in triglycerides (r = 0.69) and non‐HDL cholesterol (r = 0.65) were associated with changes in dp‐ucMGP (both P < 0.04). After 8‐weeks, MK‐7 supplementation demonstrated dose‐response benefits on lipid profile in obese children. Our study provides the rationale that larger intervention trials are needed to determine whether vitamin K2 supplementation slows atherosclerosis development by increasing MGP carboxylation.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by Georgia Regents University's Intramural Grants Program.
Dietary Intake Assessment of Snacking among Children in China and U.S.
Authors: Wang Dantong , Eldridge Alison L 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionSnacking between meals is growing in importance as an eating occasion in children across the world, but there are increasing concerns about the types of foods and their nutritional quality as well as the amount of energy snacking provides. Diet, including snacking, is highly influenced by culture; however few studies have explored snacking habits across cultures.ObjectiveTo compare snacking prevalence, energy contribution and major food sources of energy from snacks between children in China and the U.S. to understand the impact of culture on snacking habits.MethodsData from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2011 and the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–12 were used. The USDA What We Eat in America food grouping system was applied to classify food groups. Snacking was self‐defined by study participants in both countries. All foods and drinks reported as snacks by the participants were aggregated into Morning (0:00–12:00), Afternoon (12:00–18:00) and Evening (18:00–24:00) “snacking periods.” Per capita weighted average (U.S.) and 3‐d average (China) intakes of the amounts of foods and beverages consumed during different snacking periods were calculated. In total, 1326 Chinese and 3647 U.S. children ages 4 to 13 years were included.ResultsAlmost all U.S. children reported snacking (95.7%), much higher than that of Chinese children (69.3%, p<0.05). However among the three snacking periods, the afternoon period was the most commonly reported snacking period in both countries, followed by the evening period. The energy contribution of total snacking was 482 kcal in U.S. children, corresponding to 25% of their daily energy intake. In Chinese children, total snacking provided on average 138 kcal, which was only 10% of their daily energy intake. The top 3 food sources of energy during snacking were Snacks and Sweets, Non‐alcoholic Beverages, and Milk and Dairy in U.S. children, and Snacks and Sweets, Fruits, and Milk and Dairy in Chinese children. However, the most frequently reported snacks were Fruits in China (56.1%), and Snacks and Sweets in U.S. (76.5%).DiscussionSnacking habits are different between children in U.S. and China, both in terms of frequency and specific foods consumed. Snacking plays an important role in nutrient and energy intakes in both Chinese and U.S. children, though energy contribution and nutritional impact from snacks was very different between the countries. Nutrition education and intervention programs on snacking need to be culturally specific.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Has the Sodium Content of US Households’ Packaged Food and Beverage Purchases Improved in the Past 15 Years?
Authors: Poti Jennifer M , Dunford Elizabeth , Popkin Barry M 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDespite recent US initiatives to reduce the sodium content of packaged foods, corresponding changes in the sodium content of households’ food and beverage purchases have not been evaluated.ObjectivesOur objectives were to evaluate 15‐year trends in the amount of sodium (mg/d per person) in US households’ store‐bought consumer packaged goods (CPGs) purchases, top sources of sodium for household purchases, and the sodium content of food purchases.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2000–2013 Homescan panel, a nationwide longitudinal study of US households (n=164,084; 706,970 year‐level observations) that record all CPG foods and beverages purchased from retail food stores throughout the year. Barcodes were linked to corresponding Nutrition Facts Panels for over 1.2 million unique barcoded products, in order to utilize time‐varying brand and product‐specific nutrition information. Multivariable‐adjusted longitudinal linear and logistic random effects models were used to examine sodium trends while controlling for changes in the distribution of sociodemographic factors in the US.ResultsAdjusted mean total sodium in households’ grocery store purchases significantly decreased from 2351 to 1992 mg/d per person between 2000 and 2013 (β = −358 mg/d, 95% CI: −373, −344), with significant declines beginning in 2006. Many of the top sources of sodium in households’ CPG purchases contributed to this decline, notably breads (−63 mg/d), condiments and sauces (−58 mg/d), and salty snacks (−46 mg/d). However, the contribution from other top sources, such as prepared meals/mixed dishes (204 mg/d), processed meat (129 mg/d), and cheese (110 mg/d), increased or experienced little change (<10mg/d). The overall sodium content of packaged food purchases significantly declined from 471 mg/100g in 2000 to 416 mg/100g in 2013 (β = −55 mg/100g, 95% CI: −57, −53). Nonetheless, in all years between 2000–2013, >97% of US households had total food and beverage CPG purchases that exceeded the Dietary Guidelines for Americans upper limit of 2300 mg sodium per 2000 kcal.ConclusionsDespite improvements in the past 15 years, the sodium content of the CPG products that Americans purchase remains high. The majority of US households have CPG food and beverage purchases that do not meet sodium recommendations. Our findings can help identify areas where future reformulations and efforts to shift consumer product selection can have the greatest impact. Ongoing monitoring of household purchases is needed to evaluate sodium reduction initiatives in the US.Support or Funding InformationFunding for this study comes from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Grants 67506, 68793, 70017, 71837), NIH (R01DK098072), and the CPC 5 R24 HD050924.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Dietary Intake and Food Purchasing of Foods and Beverages of Varying Healthfulness in Mexico
Authors: Lopez‐Olmedo Nancy , Taillie Lindsey P Smith , Popkin Barry M 
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to compare the energy intake and purchasing of healthy and less healthy foods and beverages by socioeconomic status in a nationally representative sample of Mexicans. A 24‐hour recall from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2012 is compared with a representative sample of Food Purchasing Database (FPD) from Nielsen Co. Food and beverages categories from both data sets were groups according to Mexico's taxation categories for beverages and foods. Socioeconomic status (SES) indices for each dataset, based primarily on education and household assets, were used and SES was further classified by tertiles. Linear regression models were conducted to predict means with their respective standard errors of energy intake and volume purchased per capita per day for each of the four food groups (less healthy and healthy food and beverages) by SES and adjusting for sociodemographic variables while weighting and using survey commands to adjust for survey design. The per capita energy intake of less healthy food was higher in high versus medium and low SES (703±8.9 kcal/d; 366±4.3 kcal/d; 144±1.7 kcal/d respectively, p<0.01). These results were consistent with per capita volume purchased of less healthy food (35±0.2 g/d; 25±0.2 g/d; 22±0.2 g/d respectively; p<0.01). Likewise, results were consistent between per capita energy intake and per capita volume purchased of healthy foods when calories from tortillas were not considered (Energy intake: high SES=130±1.2 kcal/d; medium SES=77±0.6 kcal/d; low SES=44±0.3 kcal/d, p<0.01; volume purchased: high SES=25±0.1 g/d; medium SES=16±0.1 g/d; low SES=10±0.2 g/d). The results were opposite when the energy intake from tortillas was included in the healthy food group (high SES=253±3.6 kcal/d; medium SES=416±3.6 kcal/d; low SES=694±5.9 kcal/d, p<0.01). Energy intake from less healthy beverages was higher in high and medium versus low SES (234±3.6 kcal/d; 243±3.5 kcal/d; 104 kcal/d respectively; p<0.01), while the per capita volume purchased of less healthy beverages was lower in high versus medium and low SES (196±0.9 mL/d; 244±1 mL/d; 250±1.8 mL/d respectively; p<0.01). Per capita energy intake and volume purchased of healthy beverages was higher in high versus medium and low SES (Energy intake: high SES=237±1.5 kcal/d; medium SES=167±0.8 kcal/d; low SES=136±0.6 kcal/d, p<0.01; volume purchased: high SES=977±9.3 mL/d; medium SES=866±6.5 mL/d; low SES=654±8.1 mL/d). In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between SES and less healthy food and healthier beverage intake and purchases. In contrast, a negative relationship exists for less healthy beverages.Support or Funding InformationFunding for this study comes from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Grant 71698) and Bloomberg Philanthropies(grants to University of North Carolina and Mexican National Institute of Public Health)
Congenic Mice Confirmed QTL Linked to Obesity and Hyperlipidemia on Chromosome 1 in the TALLYHO Mouse
Authors: Parkman Jacaline K , Mao Xia , Dillon Kristy , Kim Jung Han 
Published: November 2023

The TALLYHO (TH) mouse presents a syndrome of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In a genome‐wide scan of a [THxC57BL/6 (B6)]F2 population, we previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to obesity and hyperlipidemia on mouse chromosome (Chr) 1. To confirm the QTL and develop a strategy for positional cloning of the responsible gene(s), we generated a congenic mouse strain that carries the Chr 1 QTL, 128 Mb in size, derived from TH on a B6 background (B6.TH‐Chr1‐128Mb). Using this congenic strain, we generated a second congenic strain carrying only the proximal segment, 92 Mb in size, of the original congenic interval (B6.TH‐Chr1‐92Mb). The purpose of this study was to characterize these congenic mice on chow and high fat diets (HFD) and evaluate gene expression levels of interferon activated gene 202B (Ifi202b) in these mice as a positional candidate gene. B6.TH‐Chr1‐128Mb congenic, B6.TH‐Chr1‐92Mb congenic and B6 mice were weaned onto chow or HFD and maintained. Body composition and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined and indirect calorimetry conducted. The Ifi202b mRNA levels were measured in adipose tissue by qRT‐PCR. On chow, B6.TH‐Chr1‐128Mb congenic mice exhibited significantly larger body fat mass compared with B6.TH‐Chr1‐92Mb congenic and B6 mice. Body fat mass between B6.TH‐Chr1‐92Mb congenic and B6 mice was comparable. Similar trends were exhibited for plasma total cholesterol and true triglyceride levels. These results suggest that the Chr1 QTL candidate region is most likely located within the distal segment of the TH congenic interval where the Ifi202b gene, known to be associated with obesity and extremely down‐regulated in B6 mice due to a microdeletion, maps. All animals gained more body fat when fed HFD than fed chow, but the increase was greater in B6.TH‐Chr1‐128Mb congenic mice than in B6.TH‐Chr1‐92Mb congenic and B6 mice. B6.TH‐Chr1‐128Mb congenic mice showed significantly lower energy expenditure (kcal/kg/hr) than B6.TH‐Chr1‐92Mb congenic and B6 mice on both chow and HFD, without differences in food intake. The Ifi202b mRNA levels were approximately 5‐fold higher in adipose tissue of B6.TH‐Chr1‐128Mb congenic mice than B6 mice on chow, which became even higher on HFD. In summary, TH mice carry QTL conferring obesity and hyperlipidemia on the distal part of Chr 1.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported in part by NIH/NIDDK Grant R01DK077202, American Heart Association Grant 0855300E, and institutional start‐up funding from Marshall University to JHK.
Exacerbation of NAFLD in both HFD‐fed Mice and MCD‐fed Mice by Adenosine 2A Receptor Deficiency
Authors: Cai Yuli , Zheng Juan , Guo Xin , Li Honggui , Pei Ya , Botchlett Rachel , Woo Shih‐Lung , Liu Mengyang , Chen Guang , Huo Yuqing , Wu Chaodong 
Published: November 2023

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an essential component of metabolic syndrome. Much evidence has demonstrated that the incidence of NAFLD is markedly increased in obese populations. In addition, adiposity and inflammation are two factors that critically contribute to the development and progression of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory damage in obesity‐associated NAFLD. While mediating the anti‐inflammatory activity of adenosine, the 2A receptor of adenosine (A2AR) also has a protective role in NAFLD. However, it remains largely unknown about the extent to which A2AR acts through altering adiposity vs. inflammation to protect against NAFLD. In the present study, the effects of A2AR deficiency on aspects of NAFLD were investigated in both obese mice and lean mice upon feeding wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and A2AR‐deficent mice a high‐fat diet (HFD) and/or a methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet (MCD). Compared with low‐fat diet‐fed mice, HFD‐fed WT mice displayed overt hepatic steatosis and inflammation as indicated by increased proinflammatory signaling and cytokine expression. Furthermore, the severity of HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in A2AR‐deficient mice was much greater than that in WT mice, which was accompanied with increased body weight, adiposity, and adipose tissue infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages in HFD‐fed A2AR‐deficient mice. Unlike HFD‐fed mice, all MCD‐fed mice displayed lean phenotype due to a significant decrease in food intake. In the absence of adiposity, A2AR‐deficient mice still displayed a greater increase in the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammation compared with WT mice. In an in vitro system, A2AR‐deficient macrophages showed an increase in proinflammatory responses compared with control cells. In addition, co‐culture of WT primary mouse hepatocytes with A2AR‐deficient macrophages caused significant increases in hepatocyte fat deposition and in hepatocyte proinflammatory responses compared with WT hepatocyte‐macrophage co‐cultures. Taken together, these results suggest that A2AR‐defiency‐associated inflammation is sufficient enough to bring about NAFLD aspects although A2AR deficiency can act through increasing both adiposity and inflammation to exacerbate NAFLD. Therefore, A2AR appears to protect against NAFLD mainly through its anti‐inflammatory activity.Support or Funding InformationThis study was support in part by NIH grants.
Protein and micronutrient intakes are associated with child growth and morbidity from infancy to adulthood in the Philippines
Authors: Bhargava Alok 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundInteractions between nutrition and infections in developing countries are complex and analyses of the inter‐relationships requires data from longitudinal studies spanning several years and a comprehensive framework facilitating the formulation of food and health policies.ObjectiveThe effects of dietary intakes in the Philippines for birth outcomes, heights, weights and morbidity during 2–24 mo, heights and weights during 8–19 y, and completed adult heights were analyzed.MethodsData on over 3000 children from Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey were modeled in four sets of analyses. Cross‐sectional and multilevel models were estimated for length and weight at birth. Dynamic random effects models were estimated for children's heights, weight, and morbidity levels during 2–24 mo. Children's heights and weights during 8–19 y were modeled using random effects models. Children's heights at 22 y were modeled for investigating the effects of nutritional intakes in early years and in adolescence.ResultsMaternal anthropometric indicators and energy intakes and sociodemographic variables were significantly associated with children's length and weight at birth. Dynamic models for children's heights and weights during 2–24 mo showed significant effects of calcium and protein intakes; child morbidity levels were significantly associated with heights and weights. Higher β– carotene intakes were significantly associated with lower morbidity levels. Analyses of data on children during 8–19 y showed significant effects of protein and calcium intakes and of morbidity levels on heights and weights. Models for children's heights at 22 y indicated significant effects of protein and calcium intakes during early years and in adolescence.ConclusionsThe results underscored the need for formulating long‐term food and health policies for the Philippines that enhance children's physical development and ultimately their adult stature that is important for physical work capacity and labor productivity.
Camp NERF: Efficacy of a Theory‐Based Nutrition Education Recreation and Fitness Program Aimed at Preventing Unhealthy Weight Gain in Disadvantaged Children during Summer Months
Authors: Hopkins Laura Christine , Gunther Carolyn 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundData indicate that school‐age children, particularly disadvantaged, experience unhealthy gains in BMI at a rate two to three times as fast during the summer versus academic months. Few efforts have been directed at implementing evidence‐based programming to prevent this negative trend.Study Design and MethodsPilot tested in 2015, Camp NERF 2016 was a citywide scale up of an 8‐week, multi‐component (nutrition, physical activity (PA), and mental health), theory‐based program for disadvantaged school‐age children in grades K‐5coupled with the USDA Summer Food Service Program. Ten eligible elementary school sites were randomized to 1 of 3 programming groups: 1) Active Control (non‐nutrition, PA, or mental health); 2) Standard Care (nutrition and PA); or 3) Enhanced Care (nutrition, PA, and mental health) programming. Program efficacy was determined by assessing mean group change in weight status (zBMI) using hierarchical linear model analyses.ResultsEighty‐seven child‐caregiver dyads consented to the study and 81 completed post‐intervention assessments, resulting in a 93% retention rate. Among child participants, approximately 56.2% (n=49) were female and 89% (n=77) were Black. Mean age and zBMI of participants at baseline were 7.5 years and 0.64, respectively. The overall mean change in zBMI from baseline to post‐intervention was −0.07; however, change in zBMI did not differ statistically between groups.ConclusionsResults from this study indicate that engagement of disadvantaged school‐age children in structured programming over the summer months that offers access to healthy foods and safe play, as well as a child‐appropriate curriculum – of any type (nutrition, PA, mental health, other) – prevents unhealthy weight gain during non‐academic months. To confirm findings from this study, further research which includes a true negative control (i.e., observation of child counterparts who do not participate in summer programming) must be conducted. Results from this research have direct implications for policy reform related to child foods and nutrition.Support or Funding InformationThe Camp NERF research team would like to thank the Aetna Foundation and The Ohio State University Office of Outreach and Engagement for funding this pilot study.