bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Ownership: The Case of E‐Books
Authors: Zhu Xiaohua Awa 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTOwnership of digital information products in the digital age presents an intricate issue. While research has shown that individuals experience a sense of ownership over their digital possessions, the scope of digital ownership rights in comparison to physical entities remains unclear. Amongst various digital products, e‐books stand out due to their ubiquity. This paper presents the results of an empirical research study that used an online survey to examine e‐book consumers' perspectives on digital ownership and digital rights. The study revealed that while most participants value and desire ownership rights, certain conventional ownership rights, such as reselling, gifting, and lending, are deemed less significant and can be relinquished by consumers due to cost‐related factors. Furthermore, contrary to prevailing assumptions, the study found no discernible generational gap concerning people's perceptions of digital ownership rights. These findings hold implications for researchers, policymakers, and public‐interest groups seeking to advocate for the public's digital rights.
Exploring Information Seeking and PIM Practices of Early‐Career Researchers: Insights into Navigating Academic Transitions
Authors: Alon Lilach 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis study represents the initial phase of a broader investigation into the significance of information seeking and personal information management (PIM) practices during life transitions. It focuses on early‐career researchers who experience multiple academic transitions and aims to identify the information practices they use and their role in promoting successful life transitions. To achieve this goal, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were held with 15 early‐career researchers who recently completed their PhDs or graduated. Findings suggest that the participants relied on iterative cycles of various information seeking and validation practices to transition between positions and academic institutions, which improved their knowledge about the transition and reduced uncertainty. Once a network of transition‐related information was established, participants began utilizing PIM practices to organize their information and plan for the transition, thereby enhancing their sense of control over their information and maintaining it over the long term in an unstable environment. The study underscores the importance of information practices during life transitions and recommends interventions such as institutional support and information skills training programs to assist early‐career researchers in challenging transitions. The subsequent study will build upon these findings to further examine the role of information behavior in facilitating life transitions.
“I Am in a Privileged Situation”: Examining the Factors Promoting Inequity in Open Access Publishing
Authors: Ayeni Philips 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTDespite increasing advocacy for open access (OA), the uptake of OA in some disciplines has remained low. Existing studies have linked the low uptake in OA publishing in the humanities and social sciences (HSS) to disciplinary norm, limited funding to pay for article processing charges (APCs), and researchers' preferences. However, there is a growing concern about inequity in OA scholarly communication, as it has remained inaccessible and unaffordable to many researchers. This study therefore investigated inequity in OA publishing in Canada. Using semi‐structured interviews, qualitative data was collected from 20 professors from the HSS disciplines of research‐intensive universities in Canada. Data was analyzed with NVivo software following the reflexive thematic analysis approach. Findings revealed three main causes of inequity in OA publishing among the participants. These are the cost of APCs, unequal privileges, and gender disparities. Hence, there is a need for concerted efforts by funding agencies, stakeholders, higher education institutions, and researchers to promote equity in OA scholarly communication. Some recommendations for improving equity in OA publishing are provided in this paper.
Computational Thematic Analysis of Poetry via Bimodal Large Language Models
Authors: Choi Kahyun 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a multilabel poem topic classification algorithm utilizing large language models and auxiliary data to address the lack of diverse metadata in digital poetry libraries. The study examines the potential of context‐dependent language models, specifically bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), for understanding poetic words and utilizing auxiliary data, such as author's notes, in supplementing poetry text. The experimental results demonstrate that the BERT‐based model outperforms the traditional support vector machine‐based model across all input types and datasets. We also show that incorporating notes as an additional input improves the performance of the poem‐only model. Overall, the study suggests pretrained context‐dependent language models and auxiliary data have potential to enhance the accessibility of various poems within collections. This research can eventually assist in promoting the discovery of underrepresented poems in digital libraries, even if they lack associated metadata, thus enhancing the understanding and appreciation of the literary form.
Studying Lived Experience and Automated Systems: The Case of Universal Credit
Authors: Currie Morgan , Podoletz Lena 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper applies the concept of ‘lived experiences’ to understand people's subjective and everyday encounters with automated systems. We reflect on how qualitative longitudinal research methods are useful for capturing the affective and emotional dimensions of these experiences; these flexible methods also allow for iterative changes that can react to new findings and participant feedback. Using our empirical study on Universal Credit (UC), the UK's largest social security payment, we demonstrate how studying lived experiences via qualitative longitudinal research helps us reflect on both the topic of the research and our position as researchers in relation to study participants. We argue that the lived experience framework is extremely valuable for understanding the consequences of automated decisions for users of these systems and to redress the uneven power dynamics of representing the voices of those sharing these encounters.
Involving Older Users in Design of Patient Accessible Electronic Health Records: Exploring the Potential of Open‐Ended Questions
Authors: Eriksson‐Backa Kristina , Enwald Heidi , Hirvonen Noora , Huvila Isto 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTDespite older adults being one of the most important groups of users of eHealth services, including patient accessible electronic health records, these are claimed to not be designed to suit older users, and to not necessarily fulfill their information needs. User‐centered design methods often utilized when developing eHealth services have also been claimed to not work well for older adults. This paper suggests an alternative way of collecting ideas and feedback on eHealth from older adults, by including open‐ended questions in the data collection of larger studies on eHealth information behavior. When data are collected by methods like focus group interviews and surveys, older adults can be requested to envision an eHealth service that suits their needs. Results from studies in Finland are presented, and show that current eHealth services do not fulfill all information needs of older adults, as answers to the question in both focus group interviews and surveys contain practical suggestions for additional and more comprehensible information, easier ways of searching for needed information, and alternative channels for communication. Open‐ended questions can be a cost‐effective and timesaving way to help in the design and development of patient accessible electronic health records and other types of eHealth services.
DataChat: Prototyping a Conversational Agent for Dataset Search and Visualization
Authors: Fan Lizhou , Lafia Sara , Li Lingyao , Yang Fangyuan , Hemphill Libby 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTData users need relevant context and research expertise to effectively search for and identify relevant datasets. Leading data providers, such as the Inter‐university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), offer standardized metadata and search tools to support data search. Metadata standards emphasize the machine‐readability of data and its documentation. There are opportunities to enhance dataset search by improving users' ability to learn about, and make sense of, information about data. Prior research has shown that context and expertise are two main barriers users face in effectively searching for, evaluating, and deciding whether to reuse data. In this paper, we propose a novel chatbot‐based search system, DataChat, that leverages a graph database and a large language model to provide novel ways for users to interact with and search for research data. DataChat complements data archives' and institutional repositories' ongoing efforts to curate, preserve, and share research data for reuse by making it easier for users to explore and learn about available research data.
An Examination of the Real‐World Appraisal Practices of Archivists
Authors: Faulkner James D. , Kim Jeonghyun 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTArchives serve as repositories for items of enduring value. Archivists use a process called appraisal to evaluate the value of these items. While various theories and methods have been developed to guide the appraisal and many issues have been identified, little is known about how archivists conduct appraisals or what efforts they undertake to mitigate these issues. As such, this exploratory and qualitative study aims to examine the appraisal practices of archivists in university special collections, the role of the collection policy, and how these policies deal with problematic aspects of appraisal. This study found that university special archivists view appraisal as a complex but systematic process and implement the collection policy's principles and methodologies into their appraisal practices. Moreover, this study revealed that archivists try to establish and maintain effective relationships with donors and communities throughout the entire appraisal process.
Information in Crisis Mode? A Conceptual Analysis of the Information Crisis Discourse
Authors: Hicks Alison , Noone Rebecca 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe concept of ‘information crisis’ is playing an increasingly prominent role within information studies literature and practice. Yet, the term is rarely defined and its meaning often remains both inconsistent and ambiguous. This opacity calls for a greater grounding of the term if it is to become a key concept in the field, including how it operates and what it enforces. This short paper draws upon information studies literature to present a conceptual analysis of the concept of ‘information crisis.’ From this analysis, we argue that an ‘information crisis’ framing is typically used to either establish the status quo, through centring challenges to established information ecosystems, or maintain the status quo, by outlining the operations needed to renew or protect these landscapes. These findings illustrate how ‘information crisis’ can obscure the very contexts of inequality and injustice through which crisis operates and delimits the possibility of changing/disrupting the status quo.
Information Barriers Caused by Marginalization and Norms: Experiences of Transgender and Non‐Binary People
Authors: Huttunen Aira 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTMarginalization and stigma can shape the information practices of vulnerable groups. Using examples from previous research, this short paper examines how norms and marginalization can serve as information barriers in societal and medical settings for transgender and non‐binary people. The results indicate the presence of several information barriers that are related to marginalization and gender norms in both social and medical settings. Marginalization can result in covert information seeking, and gender norms can affect embodied information practices, such as information sharing. Medical authorities hold authority that can impose barriers on information sharing and lead to gender norms being adhered to in medical settings. The results highlight various practical implications for information and healthcare providers.
Practices of the “Library as Place” in Norway
Authors: Kawamoto Marika , Koizumi Masanori 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTIn modern society, though public libraries must be equal and neutral “places” to address social problems such as the crisis of democracy and social isolation, it is unclear how the roles and functions of “Library as Place” appear in modern library management policies or practices. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of public library policies in Norway and Oslo and the practices of the Oslo public library from the perspective of the “Library as Place.” Using Kawamoto and Koizumi's (2023) model, a qualitative content analysis and case analysis were conducted of the roles and functions of “Libraries as Place” in Oslo, Norway, identifying the access to materials and information that libraries have traditionally afforded alongside the implementation of distinctive functions such as Cultural activities, Cutting edge, Improving life skills, and Meeting place as concrete practices. These functions contribute to public libraries becoming places in the heart of the community whose services are accessible to all.
Development and Validation of a Data Literacy Assessment Scale
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun , Hong Lingzi , Evans Sarah , Oyler‐Rice Erin , Ali Irhamni 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe recognition of data literacy as an important learning outcome in higher education has led to a call for assessment tools to measure students’ data literacy. Although there has been a growing interest in the conceptualization of data literacy, the literature lacks a measuring instrument to operationalize data literacy. This study developed and validated a three‐factor, 24‐item data literacy assessment tool using a sample of 573 students from four community colleges in the United States. The data literacy scale developed in this study has respectable reliability and construct validity, supported by a concept analysis of data literacy, a comparative analysis of data literacy competency frameworks, an expert panel review, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.
Trend of Collaboration in STEM Education in Informal Learning Institutions Based on IMLS‐funded Projects
Authors: Kim Soo Hyeon , Yoon Ayoung , Seo JooYoung 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThere is limited systematic research on understanding the trends of STEM education in libraries. While reviews of STEM education from various funding agencies exist, these reviews encompass STEM education across formal and informal settings, which may not provide specific implications that center around libraries. This paper examines the trend of collaboration among libraries and other collaborating organizations involved in STEM education funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). Through content analysis and geocode analysis of 128 projects that are funded by IMLS in 2012–2022, this study shows the diverse engagement of different types of informal learning institutions in STEM education over time. Findings also demonstrate that while few informal learning institutions represented the leading and collaborating organizations in IMLS STEM education initially, leading and collaborating organizations diversified with a higher level of collaboration.
Teenagers and Videoconference Fatigue: A Preliminary Analysis from an Affordance‐based Approach
Authors: Lee Chei Sian , Li Benjamin Junting , Wu Qian 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe Covid‐19 pandemic has led to the widespread use of videoconference (VC) technologies, particularly in education and this trend is projected to continue. Prolonged VC usage can lead to “videoconference fatigue” (VCF). While research on factors contributing to VCF has been conducted among university students, there is limited research on younger students (especially teenagers). To fill this gap, this study adopts an affordance‐based approach to identify VC affordances (resources and constraints) contributing to VCF in teenagers. Specifically, the objectives are to examine if (a) VC affordances (visibility, information, and availability), and (b) demographic profiles (age and gender) have effects on VCF among teenagers. A large‐scale survey was conducted and responses from 491 teenagers were analyzed using Hierarchical Regression Analysis. Results indicate that the three identified VC affordances contribute to VCF in teenagers. In addition, teenage girls and older teenagers are more prone to VCF.
Geofence Warrants, Geospatial Innovation, and Implications for Data Privacy
Authors: McGowan Catherine 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTGeospatial technologies collect, analyze, and produce information about earth, humans, and objects through a convergence of geographic information systems, remote sensors, and global positioning systems. A microanalysis of Google's U.S. Patent 9,420,426 Inferring a current location based on a user location history (Duleba et al., 2016) reveals how geospatial innovation employs artificial intelligence (AI) to train computer‐vision models, infer, and impute geospatial data. The technical disclosures in patents offer a view within black‐boxed digital technologies to examine potential privacy implications of datafied citizens in a networked society. In patented geospatial innovation, user agency is subverted through AI and anonymous knowledge production.Presently, the Fourth Amendment does not adequately protect citizens in a networked society. Data privacy legal cases are interpreted through a lens of inescapability (Tokson, 2020), which assumes perpetual agency to consent to sharing data. In short, agency‐centered privacy models are insufficient where AI can anonymously produce knowledge about an individual. Privacy implications are exemplified in geofence warrants—an investigative technique that searches location history to identify suspects in a geofenced region in the absence of evidence. This analysis demonstrates that digital privacy rights must expand to datafication models (Mai, 2016) centered on knowledge production.
When Push Comes To Pull: Place, Mobility, and Information Access for Vehicle Residents
Authors: Montague Kaitlin E. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis high‐exposure study explores the information seeking practices of a specific unstably housed, mobile population. Vehicle residents earn a wage but have chosen to move into their vehicles as a survival strategy during a time when housing expenses account for more than half of lower‐income Americans’ monthly income. Drawing from previous work that highlights the importance of place in information behavior, this study investigates the ways that places influence information seeking for a population whose information environment is ever‐changing. This study is informed by two sets of semi‐structured interviews with seven individuals, including information horizon interviews and guided tours, from November 2020‐June 2021. Key initial findings demonstrate that both place and mobility constrain and facilitate information seeking for participants. Overall, understanding the unique features and needs of this particular group results in a more thorough comprehension of their information seeking practices to better understand information and service provision, information inequality, and inequity.
Anti‐Black Racism, Anti‐Immigrant Sentiment, and Misinformation: A Recipe for Profound Societal Harm
Authors: Ndumu Ana , Orie Chuku Nenna 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTMass media and big data constitute powerful information tools that fuel extremist, populist messaging. Demagogues turn to information tools to convey polarizing views, and governments increasingly rely on data and artificial intelligence to manage immigration. The speakers will describe how three global, deep‐seated, and historic societal ills—anti‐Black racism, anti‐immigrant sentiment, and misinformation—converge to typecast, vilify, and pathologize Black diasporic immigrants. The speakers will also share examples of anti‐Black, anti‐immigrant, and misinformed policymaking, rhetoric, and cultural norms within the United Kingdom and United States. Particular attention is granted to problematic assumptions within large‐scale population datasets that narrate migration tropes.
Tuning Out the Noise: Benchmarking Entity Extraction for Digitized Native American Literature
Authors: Parulian Nikolaus Nova , Dubnicek Ryan , Evans Daniel J. , Hu Yuerong , Layne‐Worthey Glen , Downie J. Stephen , Heaton Raina , Lu Kun , Orr Raymond I. , Magni Isabella , Walsh John A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTNamed Entity Recognition (NER), the automated identification and tagging of entities in text, is a popular natural language processing task, and has the power to transform restricted data into open datasets of entities for further research. This project benchmarks four NER models–Stanford NER, BookNLP, spaCy‐trf and RoBERTa–to identify the most accurate approach and generate an open‐access, gold‐standard dataset of human annotated entities. To meet a real‐world use case, we benchmark these models on a sample dataset of sentences from Native American authored literature, identifying edge cases and areas of improvement for future NER work.
Below the Surface: Analyzing the Level of Detail and Depth of Coverage in Library and Information Science Syllabi Addressing Disability and Accessibility
Authors: Simons Rea N. , Mallary Kevin J. , Nikiema Jackie , Dorman Evan J. , Copeland Clayton A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTWhile accessibility is a core part of diversity, equity, inclusion, accessibility, and social justice (DEIASJ) considerations, disability and accessibility are rarely centered in Library and Information Science (LIS) curricula. The lack of disability and accessibility coverage is problematic since information professionals must have the required knowledge and skills to effectively serve patrons with disabilities. This paper presents preliminary findings from a content analysis of 39 pre‐filtered syllabi examining how disability and accessibility topics are covered in LIS courses. While nearly all of the syllabi analyzed contained a high level of detail, only 13 were ultimately determined to contain a “partial” depth of coverage of disability‐ and accessibility‐related content and two a “detailed” level of coverage. Even fewer syllabi included a conceptualization of disability or accessibility beyond simply including the words alone. The paper offers suggestions for LIS instructors to better address disability and accessibility within their syllabi and course content.
Detection of Musical Borrowing Using Data Science
Authors: Walczak Steven , Moore‐Pizon Thomas E. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTData science may be used to determine similarities between musical scores. Programs are written in C++ to capture note progressions from musical scores and to compare progressions from different songs to identify overlapping areas. These tools enable the study of musical borrowing across musical genres and may assist in copyright violation cases. Results indicate that within the Celtic music genre, borrowing occurs across greater than 10% of the songs.