bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-2 Impact of Vitamins C and E on Sow Mortality and Stillborn Rate
Authors: Knauer Mark 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate late gestation supplementation of vitamins C and E on sow mortality and percentage of stillborn piglets. Sows (n = 466), housed in stalls at a commercial sow farm in eastern North Carolina, were randomly allocated to either receive 35g of a top-dress containing vitamins C and E or no top-dress (Control). The 35g top-dress contained 1.05g of vitamin C (from STAY-C 35), 500 IU of vitamin E (from ROVIMIX E50) and ground corn as a carrier. Vitamins C and E were top-dressed twice per week, from day 87 of gestation until farrowing. At the start of vitamin supplementation, sow body condition was measured using a Knauer sow body condition caliper (Knauer scale: &lt; 12 = “thin”, 12 to 15 = “ideal”, &gt;15 = “fat”). The gestation and lactation diets on the farm were formulated to contain no vitamin C and 66 IU/kg of vitamin E. Sow mortality was evaluated from day 95 of gestation through day 30 post-farrow. Mortality codes recorded by farm technicians included sudden death, lameness, prolapse and farrowing difficulty. Sow mortality traits were analyzed using a Chi-square analysis and percentage of stillborn piglets [stillborns ÷ (number born alive + stillborns)] was analyzed using linear regression. Of the 466 sows, 29 (6.2%) died or were euthanized between day 95 of gestation and 30 days post-farrow. Sows that died had less (P &lt; 0.01) body condition (15.3 vs. 16.4 sow caliper score) and were greater (P &lt; 0.01) parity (2.8 vs. 1.9) than sows that survived. Sows supplemented with vitamins C and E tended (P = 0.11) to die less from sudden death and prolapse when compared with Control sows (6.0 vs. 3.0%). Vitamin C and E supplementation tended (P = 0.08) to reduce the number of sows that died at or before farrowing. There was no difference (P=0.33) in percentage of stillborn piglets between sows supplemented with vitamins C and E when compared with Control sows (6.4 vs. 5.5%, respectively). Yet there was an interaction (P &lt; 0.01) between sow body condition caliper score and vitamin supplementation in relation to percentage of stillborn piglets. Thin and ideal sows supplemented with vitamins C and E, thin and ideal Control sows, fat sows supplemented with vitamins C and E, and fat Control sows had stillborn rates of 8.3, 4.8, 4.4 and 6.1%, respectively. For each additional piglet born, percentage of stillborn piglets increased (P &lt; 0.01) by 0.38%. Results suggest supplementation of vitamins C and E in late gestation may be a strategy to enhance sow livability.
PSI-A-4 The Effects of a Novel Brewer’s Yeast Product on Ruminal Fiber Fermentation in Vitro
Authors: Jensen Vanessa , Linder Haley F , Cecava Michael , McCann Joshua C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate a novel brewer’s yeast product on ruminal fiber fermentation in vitro. The experiment was a completely randomized design and included 4 treatments. Treatments included a negative control (NCON), a commercial brewer’s yeast product (Emprove MX; EMX), and a prototype concentrated brewer’s yeast (T1R8) fed at low and high inclusions (T1R8-L and T1R8-H, respectively). Inclusions for low and high treatments were 0.0008 and 0.0015 g, respectively, to correspond with 7 and 14 g inclusion in a lactating cow diet. Treatments were evaluated in duplicate flasks in 2 replicated runs for a total of four observations per treatment. Flasks contained 2.5 grams dry matter (DM) of substrate to represent a lactating cow diet (30% haylage, 25% corn silage, 20% corn, 15% canola meal, and 10% soybean hulls), and 150mL of rumen fluid mixture (2 McDougall’s buffer:1 rumen fluid ratio). Four F57 sealed Ankom bags were filled with 0.25 grams DM of substrate each to facilitate measuring in vitro DM and neutral detergent fiber disappearance (IVDMD and IVNDFD, respectively). Flasks were incubated at 39°C for 30 hours with sample aliquots collected at hour 0, 8, 16, and 30 to determine pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with IVDMD and IVNDFD considered a main effect of treatment while pH and VFA were analyzed with effects of treatment, time, and their interaction. No differences in IVDMD were observed (P = 0.31) among treatments. Treatment affected (P = 0.01) IVNDFD with EMX (50.6%), T1R8-L (48.6%), and T1R8-H (50.3%) being greater than NCON (45.7%). A treatment by hour interaction (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for total VFA concentration; EMX (71.8 mM), T1R8-L (72.6 mM), and T1R8-H (66.0 mM) were greater than NCON (47.8 mM) at h 8, but all treatments were not different at h 16. A treatment by hour interaction (P &lt; 0.01) was also observed for acetate and propionate; EMX, T1R8-H, and T1R8-L were greater than NCON at h 8, but all treatments were not different at h 16. At h 30, greater propionate was observed for T1R8-H compared with all treatments. No effects of treatment or treatment by hour (P ≥ 0.89) were observed for acetate:propionate ratio. Although a treatment by hour interaction was not observed for pH (P = 0.12), a treatment effect (P = 0.03) indicated T1R8-L was the greatest with EMX being intermediate, and NCON and T1R8-H being the least. Novel brewer’s yeast product T1R8 increased the rate of substrate fermentation in the initial 8 h and increased the extent of fiber degradation after a 30 h in vitro fermentation.
PSI-A-11 The Effect of Soybean Meal and Its Functional Compounds on Growth Performance, Fecal Scores, and Fecal Characteristics of Nursery Pigs
Authors: Self Rachel M , Bowen Brooke M , Miller Kade , Mitchell Ty M , Crome Thomas A , Miller Hannah , Legako Jerrad A , Petry Amy L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High levels of soybean meal (SBM) are deterred in nursery diets due to antinutritional factors and impacts on fecal consistency. However, SBM may improve performance in the presence of inflammatory stressors due to its functional compounds. The experimental objective was to evaluate the non-nutritive value of SBM and its functional compounds on growth performance and fecal characteristics of nursery pigs. A total of 408 newly weaned pigs with an initial BW of 5.43 ±0.77 kg were used for a 35-d study across three replications. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments fed across 3 phases: d 0-7 (phase 1), d 7-21 (phase 2), and d 21-35 (phase 3). Dietary treatments consisted of a high SBM control (SBMC), a control void of SBM (SP), but included soy protein isolate and concentrate to provide amino acids similar to SBM in SBMC; SP formulated to equivalent contribution of isoflavones as SBMC (SP+ISO); SP diet fortified with soybean functional lipids to the level of SBMC (SP+LIP); SP formulated with a similar ratio of insoluble to soluble fiber as SBMC (SP+FIB); or SP diet fortified with lunasin (SP+LUN). There were 9 split-sex pens per treatment (7 or 8 pigs/pen). On d 7, 14, 21, and 35, pigs and feeders were weighed, pen fecal samples were collected, and fecal score was evaluated using a 4-point scale (1 = solid; 4 = liquid). Continuous data were analyzed as a linear mixed model (PROC MIXED) with treatment and period as fixed effects, replicate as a random effect, and initial BW as a covariate where appropriate. Fecal scores were analyzed using a multinomial model in PROC FREQ. Compared with SP, on d 7 and 14 pigs fed SBMC and SP+FIB had reduced fecal dry matter (DM%), but on d 21 and 35, fecal DM% did not differ among treatments (time×treatment P = 0.016). There was a treatment×time interaction for fecal score, whereas on d 7, pigs fed SBMC had increased proportion of semi-liquid feces and on d 14 pigs fed SP+FIB had increased abundance of semi-liquid feces, but fecal score distribution did not differ on d 21 or 35 (time×treatment P = 0.035). Fecal water binding capacity (WBC) did not differ across time (P=0.288) but relative to SP, SBMC had 30% less fecal WBC (P = 0.002). There was a treatment×time interaction for ADG and ADFI. Pigs fed SP+ISO had greater ADG in phase 2, but pigs fed SBMC gained more in phase 3 (time×treatment P = 0.044). Among treatments, ADFI did not differ in phase 1 and 2, but was increased in SBMC in phase 3 (time×treatment; P = 0.037). Pigs fed SBMC tended to have the greatest final BW (P = 0.071). Feeding SBM altered fecal characteristics in the early nursery period, but improved growth performance from d 21-35 post-weaning.
PSI-A-13 Changes in Daily Patterns of Physiological Measures of Heat Stress on Sows in Cool Room and in Heated Room with and without a Cooling Pad
Authors: Baributsa Jemima , Gonzalez Maria , Schinckel Allan P , Stwalley Robert M , Field Tyler C , Neeno Samantha , Paramba Sakkariya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Impacts of heat stress (HS) on lactating sows during the summer causes challenges in production. The study objective evaluated the daily patterns of common HS measures on late lactation sows. Sows in a HS environment, on and off electronic cooling pads (ECP), were compared with sows in a cool room (CR). From a sample of six sows, three sows were assigned to a HS environment, (31°C daytime for 6 h and 26°C nighttime for 5 h) with an ECP (n = 1) or without an ECP (nECP, n = 2). Three sows were placed in a CR (n = 3) with set temperature of 20°C. The ECP automatically flushed 2.0 L of cool water (18 to 19°C) when one of the three temperature sensors reached 26°C. Flushing occurred for 30 s replacing 1.73L of water in the ECP. All sows were in farrowing crates and provided ad libitum access to feed and water. Internal Temperature (TI) was measured in 10-minute intervals using vaginal implants. Skin temperature (TS) was measured hourly, using an infrared gun 10 cm behind the ear. Respiration rate (RR) was observed in 30-minute intervals from 0600 to 2200 h over 2 days. Mixed model periodic regressions were performed in R 4.2.2 using REML lme4, fitted to the RR, TS, and TI data. Significant treatment and treatment by periodic regression variables (P &lt; 0.05) indicated the need for separate equations for each treatment. The final model for TI included the random effect of sow, effect of room, and single, double, and triple sine/cosine phase variables for each room. For TI, there were also significant (P &lt; 0.001) interactions of the single-phase sine/cosine variables with the ECP treatment in the HS environment. The final model for TS included the random effect of sow, ECP treatment, single, double, and triple sine/cosine and their interactions with room, and the interaction of the single phase with ECP treatment in the HS environment. The final model for RR included the effects of room and ECP within the HS environment (P &lt; 0.001), the single-phase sine/cosine variables, and their interactions of ECP within the HS environment and CR. Daily increases in RR and TI were much greater for sows in the HS environment compared with the CR, or the sow on the ECP. The RR for the ECP sow increased from 18 to 24 bpm from 6000 h to mid-afternoon (1500 to 1700 h), versus 65 to 108 bpm for the nECP sows. Overall, the ECP reduced TI on average by 0.39°C with the greatest impact of 0.8 to 0.9°C from 1500 to 1900 h. As in previous experiments, the sow on the ECP had greater relative reductions in RR and smaller differences in TI.
Implementing Nexobrid for Burn Debridement in a Major Italian Burn Center: A Retrospective Review of Patient Outcomes
Authors: Lombardo Giuseppe A G , Ciancio Francesco , Violini Hillary , Sapuppo Claudia , Zagami Santo , Vena Adelina , Giardina Maria , Donia Claudio , Ranno Rosario 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This retrospective study examines the implementation of Nexobrid, an enzymatic debriding agent developed from bromelain, for burn debridement in a major Italian burn center. With previous research showing encouraging results for Nexobrid in terms of reducing the need for surgical intervention and faster eschar removal, the current study aims to add to the growing body of evidence regarding its potential benefits and limitations. The patient database was utilized to identify patients who received Nexobrid treatment between October 2019 and June 2023. A retrospective analysis was conducted to gather demographic information, burn causes, procedural details, and patient outcomes. Of the 30 patients treated with Nexobrid, 10% did not require further surgical intervention, showcasing Nexobrid’s potential to improve patient outcomes. However, over 80% of patients still required additional surgical intervention, demonstrating that Nexobrid’s effectiveness varies across patients and should be considered a tool rather than a definitive solution in burn wound management. A few patients developed complications, and about 10% of patients succumbed to systemic complications. The study results reveal both the potential benefits and limitations of using Nexobrid in burn debridement. While it successfully eliminated the need for further surgical intervention in a small percentage of patients, the majority still required additional surgical procedures. These findings not only highlight Nexobrid’s role as a tool in burn wound management but also point toward the discrepancies with previous studies. The authors suggest future research should include randomized controlled trials, direct comparisons between Nexobrid and traditional debridement methods, and studies incorporating larger and more diverse patient groups.
Garden catalogues as sources for studying the collection and transmission of plants
Authors: Mesquita Sandra , Capelo Jorge , Menezes de Sequeira Miguel , Espírito-Santo Dalila 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper considers the use of plant lists and related documents in addressing questions about the collection and circulation of plants and plant knowledge. The focus is on plants cultivated in Lisbon’s Ajuda botanical garden up to the mid-nineteenth century, and additionally on plants from the island of Madeira. Three plant catalogues, prepared between the early 1770s and mid-1840s, are analysed, together with register books and documents that habitually accompanied plant shipments sent to the garden. The study shows which plants were present in the garden and how the collection evolved, as well as which world regions were represented. In comparing Madeiran plants listed as present in the garden with those documented as being shipped from the island in the late 1790s, the paucity of shared names is striking. On the one hand, this may reflect document loss, while on the other it suggests that Madeiran plants may have been transported from their native range to other European locations by means of complex exchange networks.
Proactive Prevention: Denmark’s Domestic Practices of Human Rights Compliance
Authors: Küçüksu Aysel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fuelled by an ambition to solve the puzzle of the stark contrast between Denmark’s increasingly negative presence in the international press and its leading performance in European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) compliance statistics, this article presents the results of a mixed-method study of the country’s domestic human rights’ protection and implementation practices. The story that emerges is not one of compliance, but of proactive prevention with a tinge of strategic risk-taking and prompt implementation. The majority of the Danish action within the compliance sphere takes place before one can even talk about compliance—domestically before the international spotlight is prompted to shine on Denmark by an adverse judgment against it. The article shows how each branch of power has an idiosyncratic way of working towards the prevention of human rights’ breaches. Yet, domestic prevention and international statistics say little about the quality of implementation and human rights’ protection. The article offers a concrete illustration of the blind spots of compliance data in the absence of qualitative research related to domestic practices and proves that there are lessons to be learned from studying even the most exemplary compliers. This makes the Danish case study an important contribution to the broader literature on the ways in which the ECtHR influences states other than through the implementation of judgments. Importantly, it also shows that while the proactive prevention of adverse ECtHR judgments can mean the same as the proactive prevention of human rights’ breaches, this is not always the case.
The new EC proposal for a regulation on the production and marketing of plant reproductive material: upgrade or regression? An intellectual property perspective
Authors: Vives Vallés Juan Antonio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the proposed EC reform, Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials will include sustainability as a driver, broadening their scope from agricultural varieties to horticultural and fruit ones, and a plethora of derogations to variety registration and seed certification standards will be added or deepened; however, it is unlikely that the EU and Member States’ plant variety protection schemes, farmers, or end consumers will truly benefit from it.
Criminal enforcement of intellectual property rights: an overview and comparative analysis of the Balkans
Authors: Peppo Etlon , Bode Jola 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Criminal enforcement plays an important role to safeguard both the private rights and the public interests against counterfeiting, piracy and other unlawful activities related to the infringement of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Owing to the international obligations outlined in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the TRIPS Agreement), infringement of IPRs has been criminalized by all member states and criminal procedures shall apply accordingly under the conditions determined in their national laws. This article aims to present an overview and comparative analysis of the criminal law protection of IPRs in the Balkans to point out the main difficulties faced by the criminal courts in their practice. In particular, attention focuses on trade mark rights as a case study. The article examines the relevance of criminal law within the context of international obligations and domestic legal frameworks by providing a detailed legal analysis of the corresponding criminal law provisions in the Balkan countries. In this regard, the article identifies the elements required for the investigation and prosecution of such type of offences by evidencing the practical issues and difficulties of law enforcement agencies where they need to prove the intention of deceiving consumers as a necessary element to hold a person criminally responsible. Overall, the article explores the practical significance of criminal law in the enforcement of IPRs as an effective tool in deterring and prosecuting IP crimes, as well as provides some important steps to improve criminal law tools in the Balkans.
Supplemental magnetic resonance imaging plus mammography compared with magnetic resonance imaging or mammography by extent of breast density
Authors: Kerlikowske Karla , Zhu Weiwei , Su Yu-Ru , Sprague Brian L , Stout Natasha K , Onega Tracy , O’Meara Ellen S , Henderson Louise M , Tosteson Anna N A , Wernli Karen , Miglioretti Diana L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Examining screening outcomes by breast density for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without mammography could inform discussions about supplemental MRI in women with dense breasts.

Methods
We evaluated 52 237 women aged 40-79 years who underwent 2611 screening MRIs alone and 6518 supplemental MRI plus mammography pairs propensity score–matched to 65 810 screening mammograms. Rates per 1000 examinations of interval, advanced, and screen-detected early stage invasive cancers and false-positive recall and biopsy recommendation were estimated by breast density (nondense = almost entirely fatty or scattered fibroglandular densities; dense = heterogeneously/extremely dense) adjusting for registry, examination year, age, race and ethnicity, family history of breast cancer, and prior breast biopsy.

Results
Screen-detected early stage cancer rates were statistically higher for MRI plus mammography vs mammography for nondense (9.3 vs 2.9; difference = 6.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5 to 10.3) and dense (7.5 vs 3.5; difference = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.4 to 6.7) breasts and for MRI vs MRI plus mammography for dense breasts (19.2 vs 7.5; difference = 11.7, 95% CI = 4.6 to 18.8). Interval rates were not statistically different for MRI plus mammography vs mammography for nondense (0.8 vs 0.5; difference = 0.4, 95% CI = -0.8 to 1.6) or dense breasts (1.5 vs 1.4; difference = 0.0, 95% CI = -1.2 to 1.3), nor were advanced cancer rates. Interval rates were not statistically different for MRI vs MRI plus mammography for nondense (2.6 vs 0.8; difference = 1.8 (95% CI = -2.0 to 5.5) or dense breasts (0.6 vs 1.5; difference = -0.9, 95% CI = -2.5 to 0.7), nor were advanced cancer rates. False-positive recall and biopsy recommendation rates were statistically higher for MRI groups than mammography alone.

Conclusion
MRI screening with or without mammography increased rates of screen-detected early stage cancer and false-positives for women with dense breasts without a concomitant decrease in advanced or interval cancers.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Positive Childhood Experiences Among United States Military Children
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Andersen Tia S , Smith Hayden P 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Many facets of military life are contributors to child health including frequent mobility, family separation, and increased risk to parental physical and mental health, as well as strong social networks and military support systems; yet, there has not been an examination of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) among military children.

Materials and methods
This study used the 2020–2021 National Survey of Children’s Health, limited to children aged 6 to 17 years of age, to examine the association between a child who has ever had a caregiver on active duty and their exposure to ACEs and PCEs (n = 54,256 children). Bivariate analyses used Pearson’s chi-squared tests and were weighted to be nationally representative. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between military status and selected ACEs.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences in PCEs between military and civilian children. Compared to children with a civilian caregiver, children who had a caregiver who had ever served on active duty had a higher odds of experiencing domestic violence (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 1.61; 95% CI 1.23–2.11), mental health issues or depression in the household (aOR 1.28; 95% CI 1.07–1.52), and substance use (aOR 1.28; 95% CI 1.06–1.55).

Conclusions
This study complements and extends previous research that has taken a deficit approach and focused exclusively on the hardships faced by children in military families. The findings from this study may be instructive for child welfare advocates and policymakers as they intervene in communities with programming that promotes PCEs among children and adolescents.