bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Ciprofloxacin‐Loaded Polymeric Fiber Mats Prepared by Melt Electrospinning
Authors: Obeid Mohammad A. , Akil Lina , Aljabali Alaa A , Khadra Ibrahim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrospun drug‐loaded polymers are used to make formulations that slowly release medication. This study creates ciprofloxacin (Cip)‐loaded fiber mats by melt electrospinning using polycaprolactone (PCL) and PEG4000 for controlled release of Cip. The increase in Cip concentration and PEG4000 percentages increases the mat thickness resulting in uniform morphology. The tensile strength of the PCL mat is significantly improved by adding higher concentrations of Cip while PEG inclusion reduced the tensile strength significantly. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curves of PCL and PEG 4000 either as free components of after melt electrospinning are identical and both components shows a single endothermic peak at 63 and 61 °C respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the chemical stability of the raw materials, while X‐ray diffraction shows the conversion of PEG and Cip from crystalline to amorphous structure following melt electrospinning. Cip is released gradually over 72 h, and the release is increased in the presence of PEG with a maximum Cip release ≈25% after 72 h. The study provides new insights into the development of controlled release fiber mats loaded with antibacterial agents. This can help to develop formulations for wound dressings that improve the clinical outcomes.
Block Copolymers of Polyolefins with Polyacrylates: Analyzing and Improving the Blocking Efficiencies Using MILRad/ATRP Approach
Authors: Kim Khidong , Nguyen Dung , Strong Jacobo , Dadashi‐Silab Sajjad , Sun Mingkang , Dau Huong , Keyes Anthony , Yin Rongguan , Harth Eva , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite their industrial ubiquity, polyolefin‐polyacrylate block copolymers are challenging to synthesize due to the distinct polymerization pathways necessary for respective blocks. This study utilizes MILRad, metal–organic insertion light‐initiated radical polymerization, to synthesize polyolefin‐b‐poly(methyl acrylate) copolymer by combining palladium‐catalyzed insertion–coordination polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Brookhart‐type Pd complexes used for the living polymerization of olefins are homolytically cleaved by blue‐light irradiation, generating polyolefin‐based macroradicals, which are trapped with functional nitroxide derivatives forming ATRP macroinitiators. ATRP in the presence of Cu(0), that is, supplemental activators and reducing agents , is used to polymerize methyl acrylate. An increase in the functionalization efficiency of up to 71% is demonstrated in this study by modifying the light source and optimizing the radical trapping condition. Regardless of the radical trapping efficiency, essentially quantitative chain extension of polyolefin‐Br macroinitiator with acrylates is consistently demonstrated, indicating successful second block formation.
Raine syndrome: Prenatally identified severe craniofacial phenotype with multisuture synostosis and brain abnormalities associated with variants in FAM20C
Authors: Verscaj Courtney P. , Smith Carly , Homeyer Margaret , Matalon Dena R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRaine syndrome (MIM 259775) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, first described by Raine et al. in 1989, with an estimated prevalence of <1/1,000,000. This is due to pathogenic variants in FAM20C characterized by osteosclerosis, typical craniofacial features, and brain calcifications. Here, we report a novel variant in FAM20C, describe a uniquely severe craniofacial and CNS phenotype of Raine syndrome, and correlate it with prenatal findings. Fetal phenotyping was based on ultrasound and MRI. Solo exome sequencing was performed from DNA extracted from postmortem skin biopsy. Targeted parental variant testing was subsequently performed. A homozygous missense variant NM_020223.4 (c.1445 G > A (p.Gly482Glu)) was identified in FAM20C associated with Raine syndrome. The infant had the characteristic dysmorphic features seen in Raine syndrome. He had particularly significant CNS manifestations consisting of multisuture craniosynostosis with protrusion of the brain parenchyma through fontanelles and cranial lacunae. Histological sections of the brain showed marked periventricular gliosis with regions of infarction, hemorrhage, and cavitation with global periventricular leukomalacia. Numerous dystrophic calcifications were diffusely present. Here, we demonstrate the identification of a novel variant in FAM20C in an infant with the characteristic features seen in Raine syndrome. The patient expands the characteristic phenotype of Raine syndrome to include a uniquely severe CNS phenotype, first identified on prenatal imaging.
Photomechaelectric Nanogenerators with Different Photoisomers and Dipole Units for Harvesting UV Light Energy
Authors: Sui Jiefei , Liu Pengpeng , Jia Yifan , Guo Ruiling , Bao Lixia , Zhao Jin , Dong Lulu , Wang Yufei , Lin Weichao , Liu Yijing , Wang Jiliang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo date, transforming environmental energy into electricity through a non‐mechanical way is challenging. Herein, a series of photomechaelectric (PME) polyurethanes containing azobenzene‐based photoisomer units and ionic liquid‐based dipole units are synthesized, and corresponding PME nanogenerators (PME‐NGs) to harvest electricity are fabricated. The dependence of the output performance of PME‐NGs on the structure of the polyurethane is evaluated. The results show that the UV light energy can directly transduce into alternating‐current (AC) electricity by PME‐NGs via a non‐mechanical way. The optimal open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current of PME‐NGs under UV illumination reach 17.4 V and 696 µA, respectively. After rectification, the AC electricity can be further transformed into direct‐current (DC) electricity and stored in a capacitor to serve as a power system to actuate typical microelectronics. The output performance of PME‐NGs is closely related to the hard segment content of the PME polyurethane and the radius of counter anions in the dipole units. Kelvin probe force microscopy is used to confirm the existence of the PME effect and the detailed mechanism about the generation of AC electricity in PME‐NGs is proposed, referring to the back and forth drift of induced electrons on the two electrodes in contact with the PME polyurethanes.
Self‐Assembled and Polymerized Hierarchical Nanostructure Films of Cyanostilbene‐Based Reactive AIEgens for Smart Chemosensors
Authors: Jang Junhwa , Koo Jahyeon , Oh Mintaek , Wi Youngjae , Yu Dongmin , Hyeong Jaeseok , Jang Eunji , Ko Hyeyoon , Rim Minwoo , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor the development of acid‐responsive advanced fluorescent films with a 2D nanostructure, a pyridyl cyanostilbene‐based AIEgen (PCRM) is newly synthesized. The synthesized PCRM exhibits aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and responds reversibly to acid and base stimuli. To fabricate the nanoporous polymer‐stabilized film, PCRM and 4‐(octyloxy)benzoic acid (8OB) are complexed in a 1:1 ratio through hydrogen bonding. The PCRM‐8OB complex with a smectic mesophase is uniaxially oriented at first and photopolymerized with a crosslinker. By subsequently removing 8OB in an alkaline solution, nanopores are generated in the self‐assembled and polymerized hierarchical 2D nanostructure film. The prepared nanoporous fluorescent films exhibit not only the reversible response to acid and base stimuli but also mechanical and chemical robustness. Since the nanoporous fluorescent films have different sensitivities to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) depending on the molecular orientation in the film, advanced acid vapor sensors that can display the risk level according to the concentration of TFA are demonstrated. Reactive AIEgens‐based hierarchical nanostructure films with nanopores fabricated by a subsequent process of self‐assembly, polymerization, and etching can open a new door for the development of advanced chemosensors.
Significantly Enhanced the Energy Density of Dielectric Composites by Sandwich Structure with Highly Insulating Mica Nanosheets
Authors: Ren Yangjun , Liang Xiaozheng , Li Quan , Hu Hailong , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDielectric polymer composites exhibit great application prospects in advanced pulse power systems and electric systems. However, the decline of breakdown strength by loading of single high dielectric constant nanofiller hinders the sustained increase in energy density of the composites. Here, a sandwich‐structured nanocomposite prepared with mica nanosheets as the second filler exhibits decoupled modulation of dielectric constant and breakdown strength. The traditional layered clay mineral mica is exfoliated into nanosheets and filled into polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), which shows a special depolarization effect in the polymer matrix. In Kelvin probe microscopy characterization and thermally stimulated depolarization current indicates that the mica nanosheets provided space charge traps for the polymer matrix and effectively suppressed the carrier motion. A sandwich structure composite material with mica nanosheets as the central layer has achieved a high energy density of 11.48 J cm−3, 2.4 times higher than the pure PVDF film. This is due to the fact that randomly oriented distribution of nanosheets in a polymer matrix provide better current blocking. This work provides an effective method to improve the energy density of dielectric polymer composites by synergistically introducing insulating nanosheets and high dielectric constant nanofillers.
Ionic Liquids Modulating Local Microenvironment of Ni–Fe Binary Single Atom Catalyst for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Sun Jiale , Liu Zhen , Zhou Haihui , Cao Mengxue , Cai Weiming , Xu Chenxi , Xu Junwei , Huang Zhongyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Ni and Fe dual‐atom catalysts still undergo strikingly attenuation under high current density and high overpotential. To ameliorate the issue, the ionic liquids with different cations or anions are used in this work to regulate the micro‐surface of nitrogen‐doped carbon supported Ni and Fe dual‐atom sites catalyst (NiFe‐N‐C) by an impregnation method. The experimental data reveals the dual function of ionic liquids, which enhances CO2 adsorption ability and modulates electronic structure, facilitating CO2 anion radical (CO2•¯) stabilization and decreasing onset potential. The theoretical calculation results prove that the attachment of ionic liquids modulates electronic structure, reduces energy barrier of CO2•¯ formation, and enhances overall ECR performance. Based on these merits, BMImPF6 modified NiFe‐N‐C (NiFe‐N‐C/BMImPF6) achieves the high CO faradaic efficiency of 91.9% with a CO partial current density of −120 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V. When the NiFe‐N‐C/BMImPF6 is assembled as cathode of Zn‐CO2 battery, it delivers the highest power density of 2.61 mW cm−2 at 2.57 mA cm−2 and superior cycling stability. This work will afford a direction to modify the microenvironment of other dual‐atom catalysts for high‐performance CO2 electroreduction.
Nanocomposite Electret Layer Improved Long‐Term Stable Solid–Liquid Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhao Xue Jiao , Wang Hai Lu , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the continuous rise of environmental pollution and energy crisis, the global energy revolution is risen. Development of renewable blue energy based on the emerging promising triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) has become an important direction of future energy development. The solid–liquid contact triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has the advantages of flexible structure, easy manufacture, and long‐term stability, which makes it easier to integrate and achieve large‐scale conversion of wave mechanical energy. However, the electric power output is still not large enough, which limits its practical applications. In this work, a nanocomposite electret layer enhanced solid–liquid contact triboelectric nanogenerator (E‐TENG) is proposed for water wave energy harvesting, which can effectively improve the electric output and achieve real‐time power supply of wireless sensing. Through introducing a nanocomposite electret layer into flexible multilayer solid–liquid contact TENG, higher power output is achieved. The E‐TENG (active size of 50 mm × 49 mm) shows desired output performance, a power density of 521 mW m−2. The generated electric energy can drive wireless temperature sensing by transmitting wireless signals carrying detection information at the period of ˂5.5 min. This research greatly improves the electric output and provides a solid basis for the industrialization of TENG in blue energy.
NiS/NiCo2O4 Cooperative Interfaces Enable Fast Sulfur Redox Kinetics for Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Deng Yirui , Yang Jin‐Lin , Qiu Zixuan , Tang Wenhao , Li Yanan , Wang Qi , Liu Ruiping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered highly promising for the next generation of energy storage technologies. However, the soluble lithium‐polysulfides (LiPSs) notorious for causing the shuttle effect and the sluggish redox kinetics have hindered their practical commercialization. To tackle these challenges, a heterostructural catalyst featuring NiS‐NiCo2O4 interfaces is developed, which serves as an interlayer for LSBs. These interfacial sites leverage the advantages of polar NiCo2O4 and conductive NiS, enabling smooth Li+ diffusion, rapid electron transport, and effective immobilization of LiPSs. This synergistic approach promotes the conversion of sulfur species, resulting in a high discharge capacity of 526 mAh g−1 at 3 C for cells with the NiS‐NiCo2O4 interlayer. Additionally, remarkable cycling stability is achievable with an areal sulfur loading of ≈5.0 mg cm−2. It is believed that this research paves the way for practical applications of LSBs.
Design of Ion Channel Confined Binary Metal Cu‐Fe Selenides for All‐Climate, High‐Capacity Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Dongliang , Ye Zhangran , Jia Peng , Zhao Zhenyun , Lin Jingwen , Wang Xu , Ye Zhizhen , Li Tongtong , Zhang Liqiang , Lu Jianguo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExploring special anode materials with high capacity, stable structure, and extreme temperature feasibility remains a great challenge in secondary sodium based energy systems. Here, a bimetallic Cu‐Fe selenide nanosheet with refined nanostructure providing confined internal ion transport channels are reported, in which the structure improves the pseudocapacitance and reduces the charge transfer resistance for making a significant contribution to accelerating the reaction dynamics. The CuFeSe2 nanosheets have a high initial specific capacity of 480.4 mAh g−1 at 0.25 A g−1, showing impressively excellent rate performance and ultralong cycling life over 1000 cycles with 261.1 mAh g−1 at 2.5 A g−1. Meanwhile, it exhibits a good sodium storage performance at extreme temperatures from −20 °C to 50 °C, supporting at least 500 cycles. Besides, the CuFeSe2||Na3V2(PO4)3/C full cell delivers a high specific capacity of 168.5 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent feasibility for over 600 cycles long cycling. Additionally, the Na+ storage mechanisms are further revealed by ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. A feasible channelized structural design strategy is provided that inspires new instruction into the development of novel materials with high structural stability and low volume expansion rate toward the application of other secondary batteries.
Anomaly detection in IoT environment using machine learning
Authors: Bilakanti Harini , Pasam Sreevani , Palakollu Varshini , Utukuru Sairam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research paper delves into the security concerns within Internet of Things (IoT) networks, emphasizing the need to safeguard the extensive data generated by interconnected physical devices. The presence of anomalies and faults in the sensors and devices deployed within IoT networks can significantly impact the functionality and outcomes of IoT systems. The primary focus of this study is the identification of anomalies in IoT devices arising sensor tampering, with an emphasis on the application of machine learning techniques. While supervised methods like one‐class SVM, Gaussian Naive Bayes, and XG Boost have proven effective in anomaly detection, there has been a noticeable scarcity of research employing unsupervised methods. This scarcity is mainly attributed to the absence of well‐defined ground truths for model training. This research takes an innovative approach by investigating the utility of unsupervised algorithms, including Isolation Forest and Local Outlier Factor, alongside supervised techniques to enhance the precision of anomaly detection.
Implementation to cardiovascular disorders under the action of magnetohydrodynamics in a non‐Newtonian peristaltic blood flow of nanofluid
Authors: Rao Viharika Javalkar Umakant , Khan Umair , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe issue of vascular stenosis has recently received significant innovative interest among researchers. Due to the buildup of adipocytes and other constituents of atherosclerotic, arteries can generate an abnormal condition called arterial stenosis. It optimizes blood circulation to prevent myocardial illness. In light of this, the current scientific report assembled a Casson fluid model to assess the MHD peristaltic transit of blood supply via a mildly stenotic artery when copper nanoparticles are added. A relevant simulation model is often used to outline the issue, acquiring non‐dimensional variables and approximations for the stenosis. Temperature has quantitative approaches, and the result for velocity is derived numerically in MATHEMATICA. The expressions for Nusselt number, wall shear stress, flow resistance distribution and stream function are attained. The under action of copper nanoparticles, the consequences of several new physiological measures on arterial blood circulation properties are visually displayed and explained briefly. A pictorial explanation of the trapping phenomena is also provided. In comparison to arteries devoid of stenosis, arteries with stenosis have a higher temperature distribution throughout the fluid flow and velocity. In addition, high temperature and velocity increase in the middle of the artery and decrease as one gets closer to the arterial wall. Further, the concentration, Grashof number and heat source and sink parameters of the nanoparticles reduce the wall shear stress of the blood in the arteries since the arterial wall contributes heat to the flow zone. The discovery could have medical applications as well as bioinformatics. Furthermore, the current work contributes to the cure of different cardiac illnesses.
Assessment of machine learning methods predicting the axial vibration frequencies of microbars
Authors: Tariq Aiman , Uzun Büşra , Deliktaş Babür , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicrobars are one of the important components of microelectromechanical systems. With the recent increase in their applications, the importance of understanding their mechanical response has become an important topic. In this study, for the first time, the mechanical behavior of microbars based on the strain gradient theory is investigated using a machine learning (ML) approach. Four distinct ML models, namely artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), decision tree regression (DTR), and random forest regression (RFR), are developed for microbars with clamped boundary conditions. The performance of these models is individually assessed using five different metrics: coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE). The best‐performing model is selected based on these comparisons. Additionally, a semi‐analytical approach is employed to determine the natural frequencies of microbars under general elastic boundary conditions using the Fourier sine series and Stokes' transform. While theR2value for all four models indicated a good fit of 0.999, the percentage difference in MAE and RMSE values between the training and testing data for DTR and RFR models was relatively higher as compared to ANN and SVR. The results showed that ANN and SVR models exhibit the best performance in predicting the natural frequencies on both training and testing data across all three metrics. Finally, a study on the free axial vibration frequencies of microbar under various effects was conducted.
Definition of a Set of Indicators for the EV Impact Assessment
Authors: Strelec Martin , Hering Pavel , Janecek Per 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTechnological, market, regulatory and societal drivers in the energy domain have significant impacts on power systems. These impacts are related to individual technical processes (e.g. operation, planning), which may be considered in different time frames. Power system impacts are mostly determined by measurable indicators, which can be defined in various ways. This chapter focuses on the presentation of commonly used measurable indicators for grid impact assessment in the field of EVs integration. Because technical processes may run in different time horizons, suitability of collected measurable indicators to three different time domains (real time, short term operation planning and long term planning) are discussed and assessed.
Copyright Content Moderation in the European Union: State of the Art, Ways Forward and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Quintais João Pedro , Katzenbach Christian , Schwemer Sebastian Felix , Dergacheva Daria , Riis Thomas , Mezei Péter , Harkai István , Magalhães João Carlos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis Opinion describes and summarises the results of the interdisciplinary research carried out by the authors during the course of a three-year project on intermediaries’ practices regarding copyright content moderation. This research includes the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices regarding copyright content moderation, the evaluation and measuring of the impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity, and a set of policy recommendations. Our recommendations touch on the following topics: the definition of “online content-sharing service provider”; the recognition and operationalisation of user rights; the complementary nature of complaint and redress safeguards; the scope of permissible preventive filtering; the clarification of the relationship between Art. 17 of the new Copyright Directive and the Digital Services Act; monetisation and restrictive content moderation actions; recommender systems and copyright content moderation; transparency and data access for researchers; trade secret protection and transparency of content moderation systems; the relationship between the copyright acquis, the Digital Services Act and the upcoming Artificial Intelligence Act; and human competences in copyright content moderation.