bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of CK7 and CK20 immunohistochemistry in the detection of synchronous breast and colon carcinoma in a pleural effusion: A case report and supporting survey of archival material
Authors: Stopyra G.A. , Warhol M.J. , Multhaupt H.A.B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe present a case of synchronous breast and colon carcinoma in a pleural effusion, to our knowledge the first such reported case in the English‐language literature. The patient was a 55‐yr‐old white female with known metastatic breast and colon carcinoma who developed a malignant pleural effusion which demonstrated two strikingly different populations of malignant cells by immunohistochemical study of cell block material. One cell population demonstrated a cytokeratin (CK)7+/CK20−/ER+ phenotype, while the other demonstrated a CK7−/CK20+/ER− phenotype, consistent with breast and colon origin, respectively. An immunohistochemical survey of archival breast and colon primary and metastatic carcinomas confirmed the established CK7+/CK20− phenotype of breast and CK7−/CK20+ phenotype of colon primary carcinomas, and the maintenance of this phenotype in metastases thereof. A survey of benign and malignant mesothelial lesions confirmed the absence of staining for estrogen receptor, but showed 6/10 cases weakly positive for CK20, which has not been described in other published series. This unusual case graphically illustrates the utility of cytokeratin subset immunohistochemistry in effusion cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:54–58, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Six3 promotes the formation of ectopic optic vesicle‐like structures in mouse embryos
Authors: Lagutin Oleg , Zhu Changqi C. , Furuta Yasuhide , Rowitch David H. , McMahon Andrew P. , Oliver Guillermo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA few years ago, three novel murine homeobox genes closely related to the Drosophila sine oculis (so) gene (Six1‐3) were isolated and were all included in the Six/so gene family. Because of its early expression in the developing eye field, Six3 was initially thought to be the functional ortholog of the Drosophila so gene. This hypothesis was further supported by the demonstration that ectopic Six3 expression in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) promotes the formation of ectopic lens and retina tissue. Here, we show that similar to Drosophila, where the eyeless/Pax6 gene regulates the eye‐specific expression of so, Six3 expression in the murine lens placodal ectoderm is also controlled by Pax6. We also show that ectopic Six3 expression promotes the formation of ectopic optic vesicle‐like structures in the hindbrain‐midbrain region of developing mouse embryos. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Good outcome for bulimic patients in long‐term group analysis: a single‐group study
Authors: Valbak Kristian 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study describes a modified long‐term group analysis for bulimic women. In a naturalistic, prospective ‘before‐and‐after’ design the study evaluates the effects of the treatment by ‘effect size’ and clinical significant change. Nine out of ten bulimic patients who completed treatment obtained recovery, not only from bulimic behaviour, but also from several different areas of psychological dysfunctioning. Long‐term psychoanalytic group treatment was found to be a valuable option for treatment of severely bulimic patients. The group concept holds many inherent advantages and can be combined with individual and antidepressant treatment. It is suggested that a wider range of measures is needed to evaluate treatment outcome. The Bulimics Maturation Scale constructed by the author is introduced as an outcome measure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A cross‐cultural study on eating attitudes and behaviours in two Spanish‐speaking countries: Spain and Mexico
Authors: Raich R. M. , Mora M. , Sánchez‐Carracedo D. , Torras J. , Viladrich M. C. , Zapater L. , Mancilla J. M. , Vázquez R. , Álvarez‐Rayón G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCross‐cultural studies can provide important data on the influence of cultural factors in the growth and control of eating disorders and their symptoms. If, moreover, those studies deal with the same language but different contexts, the comparison may be richer and the knowledge derived more significant. The main aim of the present study is to identify the prevalence of eating disorder and body dissatisfaction symptoms, as well as the factors which may influence them, in two samples of first‐year female university students from the UAB (Spain) and the UNAM (Mexico). The results of this study show more eating disorder symptoms and body dissatisfaction in Spain than in Mexico and also that the level of perfectionism is much higher among the Mexican students. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Activation of P2Y receptors stimulates potassium and cation currents in acutely isolated human Müller (glial) cells
Authors: Bringmann Andreas , Pannicke Thomas , Weick Michael , Biedermann Bernd , Uhlmann Susann , Kohen Leon , Wiedemann Peter , Reichenbach Andreas 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe ability of various neurotransmitters/neuroactive substances to induce fast, transient rises of Ca2+‐activated K+ currents (IBK) caused by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores was investigated in Müller glial cells of the human retina. Müller cells were enzymatically isolated from retinas of healthy donors or of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and the transmembrane ionic currents were recorded using the whole‐cell and the cell‐attached patch‐clamp techniques. The results of the screening experiments indicate that human Müller cells express, in addition to GABAA and perhaps glutamatergic and cholinergic receptors, predominantly P2 receptors. ATP and other nucleotides exerted two effects on membrane currents: repetitive transient increases of the IBK amplitude and, in a subpopulation of cells investigated, the appearance of a transient cation conductance at negative potentials. ATP and UTP increased dose‐dependently the IBK amplitude with half‐maximal effects at 0.33 and 0.50 μM, respectively. Since several different P2 receptor agonists increased the IBK, it is assumed that human Müller cells express a mixture of different types of P2Y receptors. In cell‐attached patches, extracellular application of ATP or UTP transiently increased the open probability of single putative BK channels. The increase of IBK and the appearance of the cation conductance in whole‐cell records were abolished when intracellular Ca2+ was buffered by a high‐EGTA pipette solution or when IP3 was included in the pipette solution. The expression of agonist‐evoked transient cation currents was found to be stronger in cells from patients as compared to cells from healthy donors. It is concluded that human Müller glial cells express P2Y receptors that, via IP3 formation, cause intracellular Ca2+ release. The increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration stimulates the activity of BK channels and may induce opening of cation channels. Both the ATP‐induced activity of BK channels and the increased expression of Ca2+‐gated cation channels may be important in respect to proliferative Müller cell gliosis. GLIA 37:139–152, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro evaluation of reactive astrocyte migration, a component of tissue remodeling in glaucomatous optic nerve head
Authors: Tezel Gülgün , Hernandez M. Rosario , Wax Martin B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn order to improve understanding of remodeling events in the glaucomatous optic nerve head, the migration of optic nerve head astrocytes was studied in vitro. Since elevated intraocular pressure is an important stress factor identified in glaucomatous eyes, optic nerve head astrocytes were incubated under physical stress created by elevated hydrostatic pressure. In addition, they were incubated in the presence of a chemical stimulus, lipolysaccharide (LPS). Migration of reactivated astrocytes in the presence of these stressors was examined using chambers in which cell migration through extracellular matrix‐coated pores is only possible following proteolytic digestion of the matrix. We observed that the migratory ability of optic nerve head astrocytes was approximately 4–6 times greater following exposure to elevated hydrostatic pressure or LPS for up to 48 h. Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, protein kinase C, and tyrosine kinase were found to be involved in the signal transduction for activated migration of optic nerve head astrocytes in response to elevated hydrostatic pressure or LPS. In addition, we observed that the stress‐induced migration of optic nerve head astrocytes, which is accompanied by proteolytic degradation, resulted in the formation of culture cavities containing mucopolysaccharides. These in vitro findings provide a clearer understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of characteristic tissue remodeling events that occur, in vivo, in the glaucomatous optic nerve head. GLIA 34:178–189, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The triakontatetraneuropeptide TTN increases [Ca2+]i in rat astrocytes through activation of peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptors
Authors: Gandolfo Pierrick , Louiset Estelle , Patte Christine , Leprince Jérôme , Masmoudi Olfa , Malagon Maria , Gracia‐Navarro Francisco , Vaudry Hubert , Tonon Marie‐Christine 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAstrocytes synthesize a series of regulatory peptides called endozepines, which act as endogenous ligands of benzodiazepine receptors. We have recently shown that one of these endozepines, the triakontatetraneuropeptide TTN, stimulates DNA synthesis in astroglial cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine the mechanism of action of TTN on cultured rat astrocytes. Binding of the peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptor ligand [3H]Ro5‐4864 to intact astrocytes was displaced by TTN, whereas its C‐terminal fragment (TTN[17–34], the octadecaneuropeptide ODN) did not compete for [3H]Ro5‐4864 binding. Microfluorimetric measurement of cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) with the fluorescent probe indo‐1 showed that TTN (10−10 to 10−6 M) provokes a concentration‐dependent increase in [Ca2+]i in cultured astrocytes. Simultaneous administration of TTN (10−8 M) and Ro5‐4864 (10−5 M) induced an increase in [Ca2+]i similar to that obtained with Ro5‐4864 alone. In contrast, the effects of TTN (10−8 M) and ODN (10−8 M) on [Ca2+]i were strictly additive. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ by EGTA (6 mM) or blockage of Ca2+ channels with Ni2+ (2 mM) abrogated the stimulatory effect of TTN. The calcium influx evoked by TTN (10−7 M) or by Ro5‐4864 (10−5 M) was not affected by the N‐ and T‐type calcium channel blockers ω‐conotoxin (10−6 M) and mibefradil (10−6 M), but was significantly reduced by the L‐type calcium channel blocker nifedipine (10−7 M). Patch‐clamp studies showed that, at negative potentials, TTN (10−7 M) induced a sustained depolarization. Reduction of the chloride concentration in the extracellular solution shifted the reversal potential from 0 mV to a positive potential. These data show that TTN, acting through peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptors, provokes chloride efflux, which in turn induces calcium influx via L‐type calcium channels in rat astrocytes. GLIA 35:90–100, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute confusional state in the elderly following hip surgery: incidence, risk factors and complications
Authors: Galanakis Patrizia , Bickel Horst , Gradinger Reiner , Von Gumppenberg Stephan , Förstl Hans 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine incidence and risk factors for the development of postoperative acute confusional state (ACS) in the elderly.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingUniversity hospital.PatientsOne hundred and five consecutive patients without ACS at baseline who underwent hip surgery because of hip fracture or elective hip replacement. All patients were 60 years or older.MeasurementsAll patients underwent preoperative and daily postoperative evaluation by a research psychiatrist. Standardized instruments were used for cognitive screening, baseline assessment of depression, screening for alcohol abuse, comorbidity, and functional status. ACS was diagnosed by using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Additional medical data were taken from patients' charts and anaesthetic records.ResultsPostoperative ACS developed in 23.8% of the study sample, in 40.5% of the hip fracture group and in 14.7% of the hip joint replacement group. The prevalence was highest between postoperative days 2 and 5. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated the following risk factors of ACS: higher age (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.22), prior cognitive impairment as measured by Mini‐Mental State Examination (OR = 1.32 for each point less, 95% CI 1.06–1.64), depression (OR = 3.67, 95% CI 1.12–12.02), low educational level (OR = 3.59, 95% CI 1.14–11.25), and preoperative abnormal sodium (OR = 4.32, 95% CI 1.01–18.38). Other risk factors showing statistically significant differences in the univariate analyses were: living in nursing home, vision or hearing impairment, higher comorbidity, regular use of psychotropic drugs before admission, fracture on admission, preoperative leucocytosis. A considerable proportion of patients with ACS showed self‐destructive behaviour postoperatively, whereas self‐destructive behaviour was not observed among non‐delirious patients.ConclusionsACS is common among elderly hip surgery patients. The occurrence of ACS is influenced by several predisposing and precipitating factors. Further knowledge of these risk factors will contribute to the early identification of high risk patients and to the development of preventive measures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of PTSD/POW history to behavioral disturbances in dementia
Authors: Verma Swapna , Orengo Claudia A. , Maxwell Rebecca , Kunik Mark E. , Molinari Victor A. , Vasterling Jennifer J. , Hale D. Danielle 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAs many World War II and Korean Conflict veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) grow older, increasing numbers will be diagnosed with dementia. We retrospectively analyzed patients with dementia, comparing the behavioral disturbances of those with PTSD to those without PTSD. We hypothesized that due to the additive effect of the neurobiological and behavioral changes associated with PTSD and dementia, the dementia with PTSD group would show more agitation and disinhibition than the dementia without PTSD group. Sixteen patients with diagnoses of dementia and PTSD were matched on age and Mini‐Mental States Examination (MMSE) scores to 16 patients with dementia without PTSD. Demographic characteristics, co‐morbid diagnoses, global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), and paranoid items of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) were assessed. The patients with diagnoses of dementia with PTSD did not differ significantly in their clinical presentation, hospital course, and condition at discharge from patients with dementia without PTSD. Chi‐square analysis showed that significantly more subjects in the PTSD group were prescribed anti‐depressants compared to the non‐PTSD group. Interestingly, within the PTSD group, the subgroup of patients who were former prisoners of war had a significantly higher mean score for paranoia and significantly less verbal agitation. This pilot study reveals that a diagnosis of PTSD alone is not sufficient to influence behavior in veterans with dementia; however, we also present provocative results that patients with more severe trauma (POW) do have changes in their behavior. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delirium in the non‐demented oldest old in the general population: risk factors and prognosis
Authors: Rahkonen Terhi , Eloniemi‐Sulkava Ulla , Halonen Pirjo , Verkkoniemi Auli , Niinistö Leena , Notkola Irma‐Leena , Sulkava Raimo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe oldest old are prone to develop delirium. Studies into risk factors for delirium have been carried out predominantly in younger age groups. The aim of this population‐based follow‐up study was to investigate the risk factors for delirium requiring medical attention and subsequent prognosis in the non‐demented general population aged ≥ 85 years.MethodThe study included the non‐demented subjects in the population‐based Vantaa 85+ study. After the 3‐year observation period, 199 subjects (91% of those surviving) were re‐examined and their medical records were evaluated for episodes of delirium. The subjects were followed up with respect to mortality for another 2 years.ResultsDuring the 3‐year observational period, 20 subjects (10%) had been diagnosed as having had an episode of delirium. A Mini‐Mental State Examination score of < 24 (odds ratio (OR) 3.44, confidence interval (CI = 95%) 1.27–9.32) and high systolic blood pressure (OR 3.08, CI 1.08–8.79) were identified as independent risk factors for delirium. The association between the delirium episode and a new diagnosis of dementia was significant ( p = 0.001). The mortality rate was greater among those subjects who experienced delirium than among subjects without this syndrome ( p = 0.008).ConclusionsMild cognitive impairment and high systolic blood pressure were found to be risk factors for delirium requiring medical attention in the general non‐demented population aged ≥ 85 years. The study also highlights the significant association between delirium and a new dementia diagnosis in this age group. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
F‐18‐fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose positron‐emission tomography scanning in detection of local recurrence after radiotherapy for laryngeal/ pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Terhaard Chris H. , Bongers Vivian , van Rijk Peter P. , Hordijk Gerrit‐Jan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this investigation was to determine whether F18‐fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose (FDG) positron‐emission tomography (PET) could differentiate between local recurrence and late radiation effects after radiotherapy for laryngeal/pharyngeal cancer.MethodsIn a prospective study of 75 patients (67 larynx, eight oro/hypopharynx), 160 laryngoscopies and 109 FDG PET scans were performed on the head and neck region. The mean follow‐up time after the first FDG PET scan was 23 months (minimum 1 year).ResultsLocal recurrence was diagnosed in 37 patients: 19 after the first biopsy and 18 after follow‐up biopsies. For all of the negative initial FDG scans (27), the biopsies that were taken at the same time were negative and no recurrence was seen for at least 1 year. The first FDG scan was a true positive in 34 of 48 patients. In 12 of the 14 patients with false‐positive results, FDG scans were repeated; a decreased FDG uptake was found in 9 of the 12. The sensitivity and specificity of the first scan were respectively 92% and 63%; including subsequent FDG scans, the rates were 97% and 82%, respectively.ConclusionsWhen a local recurrence is suspected after radiotherapy for cancer of the larynx/pharynx, an FDG PET scan should be the first diagnostic step. No biopsy is needed if the scan is negative. If the scan is positive and the biopsy negative, a decreased FDG uptake measured in a follow‐up scan indicates that a local recurrence is unlikely. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 933–941, 2001.
Short‐term and long‐term quality of life after neck dissection
Authors: Shah Samir , Har‐El Gady , Rosenfeld Richard M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIntroductionQuality of life (QOL) is an important outcome measure in cancer therapy. Neck dissection (ND) morbidity has been well studied, but no study has focused on the quality of life after ND specifically.MethodsFifty‐one patients who have undergone ND completed a 6‐item quality‐of‐life survey with a 7‐point frequency and interference response scale. General QOL and comorbidity biases were evaluated with the SF‐12 questionnaire and the Charlson comorbidity index.ResultsThe following symptoms were the most commonly experienced after surgery: neck tightness (71%), numbness or burning of the ear (57%), and shoulder discomfort (53%). However, interference with daily activities was reported by only 37%, 32%, and 33% of patients with these symptoms, respectively. Within 2 years of surgery, interference with daily activities decreased to 17%, 18%, and 12%, respectively. QOL after ND was negatively associated with previous radiation, previous chemotherapy, tumor stage, and more radical neck surgery but was positively associated with time after surgery. Shoulder discomfort and neck tightness had the greatest affect on QOL.ConclusionsOur results suggest that patients should receive preoperative counseling regarding the morbidities from ND and the possible short‐term and long‐term impact on QOL. Further studies evaluating the relationship between primary tumor characteristics and quality of life after ND need to be undertaken. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 954–961, 2001.
Leakage around voice prosthesis in laryngectomees: Treatment with local GM‐CSF
Authors: Margolin Gregory , Masucci Giuseppi , Kuylenstierna Richard , Björck Gunnar , Hertegård Stellan , Karling Jonas 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of treating leakage around voice prosthesis by local injection of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF).Study DesignThree patients with nonhealing leaking tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula, resistant to common treatment, were treated with local GM‐CSF.Material and MethodsFistula size was measured and photo documented before and after treatment.ResultIn all three patients, the fistula shrank, and the leakage ceased. No side effects were observed.ConclusionLocal injection with GM‐CSF seems to be a simple and effective way of decreasing a leaking TE‐fistula in laryngectomized patients. A great advantage was that the procedure could be done with the voice prosthesis in place. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 1006–1010, 2001.
A view model which accounts for the spatial fields of hippocampal primate spatial view cells and rat place cells
Authors: de Araujo I.E.T. , Rolls E.T. , Stringer S.M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHippocampal spatial view cells found in primates respond to a region of visual space being looked at, relatively independently of where the monkey is located. Rat place cells have responses which depend on where the rat is located. We investigate the hypothesis that in both types of animal, hippocampal cells respond to a combination of visual cues in the correct spatial relation to each other. In rats, which have a wide visual field, such a combination might define a place. In primates, including humans, which have a much smaller visual field and a fovea which is directed towards a part of the environment, the same mechanism might lead to spatial view cells. A computational model in which the neurons become organized by learning to respond to a combination of a small number of visual cues spread within an angle of a 30° receptive field resulted in cells with visual properties like those of primate spatial view cells. The same model, but operating with a receptive field of 270°, produced cells with visual properties like those of rat place cells. Thus a common hippocampal mechanism operating with different visual receptive field sizes could account for some of the visual properties of both place cells in rodents and spatial view cells in primates. Hippocampus 2001;11:699–706. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.