bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of maternal hyperemesis gravidarum on early childhood respiratory morbidity
Authors: Hazan Guy , Sheiner Eyal , Golan‐Tripto Inbal , Goldbart Aviv , Sergienko Ruslan , Wainstock Tamar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung maldevelopment due to in‐utero events may potentially cause respiratory morbidity during childhood. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy is critical for lung development. This study is contributing to the understanding of the interplay between maternal nutrition status during pregnancy, fetal lung development and the risk for respiratory diseases in early life.Research QuestionTo investigate the association between maternal hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) during pregnancy and respiratory morbidity in the offspring's early childhood.Study Design and MethodsThis is a retrospective population‐based cohort study that included all singleton term deliveries at Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) between 1991 and 2021. Preterm deliveries (<37 gestational week), perinatal deaths, multiple gestations, and children with congenital malformations or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. The main outcomes measured were offspring's hospitalizations due to pneumonia, acute bronchiolitis, asthma, or wheezing.ResultsOverall 232,476 deliveries were included in the study, of which 3227 women (1.4%) were diagnosed with HG. Offspring in the HG group exhibited significantly higher rates of respiratory morbidity, including asthma (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.22–1.36, p < .001), acute bronchiolitis (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.59, p < .001), and pneumonia (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.12–1.48, p < .001). An inverse correlation between multivariate adjusted‐hazard ratios for asthma and pneumonia with offspring's age was noted.InterpretationThis study provides evidence of a potential association between maternal HG during pregnancy and increased risk of respiratory morbidity in offspring's early childhood. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy plays a crucial role in lung development, affecting respiratory health in childhood.
Lung ultrasound: A potential tool in the diagnosis of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care units
Authors: Uguen Justine , Bouscaren Nicolas , Pastural Gaëlle , Darrieux Etienne , Lopes Anne‐Aurélie , Levy Yael , Peipoch Lise 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeVentilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common healthcare‐associated infection in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), increasing mortality, antibiotics use and duration of ventilation and hospitalization. VAP diagnosis is based on clinical and chest X‐ray (CXR) signs defined by the 2018 Center for Disease Control (gold standard). However, CXR induces repetitive patients' irradiation and technical limitations. This study aimed to investigate if lung ultrasound (LUS) can substitute CXR in the VAP diagnosis.MethodsA monocentric and prospective study was conducted in a French tertiary care hospital. Patients under 18‐year‐old admitted to PICU between November 2018 and July 2020 with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h were included. The studied LUS signs were consolidations, dynamic air bronchogram, subpleural consolidations (SPC), B‐lines, and pleural effusion. The diagnostic values of each sign associated with clinical signs (cCDC) were compared to the gold standard approach. LUS, chest X‐ray, and clinical score were performed daily.ResultsFifty‐seven patients were included. The median age was 8 [3–34] months. Nineteen (33%) children developed a VAP. In patients with VAP, B‐Lines, and consolidations were highly frequent (100 and 68.8%) and, associated with cCDC, were highly sensitive (100 [79–100] % and 88 [62–98] %, respectively) and specific (95.5 [92–98] % and 98 [95–99] %, respectively). Other studied signs, including SPC, showed high specificity (>97%) but low sensibility (<50%).ConclusionLUS seems to be a powerful tool for VAP diagnosis in children with a clinical suspicion, efficiently substituting CXR, and limiting children's exposure to ionizing radiations.
Management of neurological problems in children on home invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Sayar Yavuz , Yıldırım Miraç , Teber Serap 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionHome invasive mechanical ventilation (HIMV) has become a crucial long‐term respiratory support for children with neurological disorders, but requires advanced technological skills and 24‐h care. The increasing global population of children on HIMV is attributed to advancements in intensive care and improved survival rates.MethodThe manuscript will review the most common neurological problems encountered in children on HIMV.ConclusionThe manuscript emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of managing these patients, involving pediatric pulmonologists, pediatric neurologists, pediatric intensivists, nurses, therapists, dietitians, psychologists, and caregivers. The manuscript outlines the challenges posed by neurological disorders, such as spinal muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries, and neurodegenerative disorders, which may result in respiratory muscle weakness and impaired ventilation. The importance of individualized assessments, appropriate ventilator mode and equipment selection, training of caregivers, airway clearance techniques, nutritional support, regular follow‐up visits, psychological and educational support, and addressing specific neurological issues such as involuntary movement disorders, prolonged seizures, sleep disorders, pain, sialorrhea, and immobilization‐related complications are discussed. The treatment options for these specific challenges are outlined. This review highlights the complex nature of managing children with neurological disorders on HIMV and the importance of a collaborative approach among healthcare professionals and caregivers to optimize care and improve the quality of life for these children.
PrLZ regulates EMT and invasion in prostate cancer via the TGF‐β1/p‐smad2/miR‐200 family/ZEB1 axis
Authors: Xie Hongjun , Chen Jiaqi , Ma Zhenkun , Gao Yang , Zeng Jin , Chen Yule , Yang Zhao , Xu Shan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundProstate leucine zipper (PrLZ) is a prostate‐specific protein, and our previous study demonstrated that PrLZ enhances the malignant progression of prostate cancer (Pca). However, the roles of PrLZ in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) remain unknown.MethodsQuantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, and western blotting were used to analyze the expression of protein and genes level in human PCa cell lines. Invasion assay was used to examine the effect of PrLZ, miR‐200a, miR‐200b, miR‐200c, miR‐141, miR‐429, miR‐205, and ZEB1 on PCa cell line invasion in vitro. Prostate cancer metastasis animal model was designed to assess the effect of PrLZ on PCa cell line invasion in vivo.ResultsWe proved that high PrLZ expression initiates EMT, which was shown by the downregulation of E‐cadherin and upregulation of vimentin in PC‐3/PrLZ and ARCaP‐E/PrLZ cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PrLZ regulates EMT by activating TGF‐β1/p‐smad2 signaling and further inhibiting the expression of miR‐200 family members, which negatively regulates ZEB1 expression and causes EMT in Pca. Moreover, using two of orthotopic mouse model and tail vein injection of human prostate cancer cells mouse model, we observed that PC‐3/PrLZ cells led to the development of distant organ metastases in vivo.ConclusionsOur results show the mechanism by which PrLZ regulates EMT and metastasis and suggest that PrLZ may be a potential therapeutic target for Pca metastasis.
Climate change quadruples flood‐causing extreme monsoon rainfall events in Bangladesh and northeast India
Authors: Fahad Abdullah A. , Hasan Mahdi , Sharmili Noshin , Islam Shammunul , Swenson Erik T. , Roxy M. K. 
Published: December 2023

Bangladesh and northeast India are the most densely populated regions in the world where severe floods as a result of extreme rainfall events kill hundreds of people and cause socio‐economic losses regularly. Owing to local high topography, the moisture‐carrying monsoon winds converge near southeast Bangladesh (SEB) and northeast Bangladesh and India (NEBI), which produces significant extreme rainfall events from May to October. Using observed data, we find an increasing trend of 1‐day extreme event (150 mmday) frequency during 1950–2021. The extreme rainfall events quadrupled over western Meghalaya (affecting NEBI) and coastal SEB during this period. Composite analysis indicates that warm Bay of Bengal sea‐surface temperature intensifies the lower tropospheric moisture transport and flux through the low‐level jet (LLJ) to inland, where mountain‐forced moisture converges and precipitates as rainfall during extreme events. To understand the role of climate change, we use high‐resolution downscaled models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). We find that the monsoon extreme event increase is ongoing and the region of quadrupled events further extends over the NEBI and SEB in the future (2050–2079) compared with historical simulations (1950–1979). A quadrupling of the intense daily moisture transport episodes due to increased LLJ instability, a northward shift of LLJ, and increased moisture contribute to the increased future extreme events. This dynamic process causes moisture to be transported to the NEBI from the southern Bay of Bengal, and the local thermodynamic response to climate change contributes to the increased extreme rainfall events. The CMIP6 projection indicates that more devastating flood‐causing extreme rainfall events will become more frequent in the future.
Experiences of robot assisted thrombectomy with 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Cheng Gong , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundNo consensus has been reached on operative procedures since a limited case series of robot‐assisted inferior vena cava thrombectomy (RA‐IVCT) and robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy (RA‐RN) have been described.MethodsThe clinical data of 21 patients who underwent RA‐IVCT and RA‐RN were retrieved from the database. Preoperative preparation was used for assessment of the tumour. Surgical procedures were recorded, and operative skills were summarised.ResultsThe median IVC clamping time was 23 min, and IVC wall invasion was pathologically found in 2 cases. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.4 days and most patients recovered to full ambulation and oral feeding on the fourth day. None of the patients had liver or kidney dysfunction at the last follow‐up (median, 24 months).ConclusionRA‐IVCT presents technical challenges to surgeons. IVC control is an important part of the surgical process and different sides require different techniques.
Environmental effect of Chinese FDI in Africa: Evidence from pooled mean group
Authors: Oladipupo Sodiq Abiodun , Ajide Folorunsho M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe growth of the China‐African economic relationship has received much attention among the scholars. Africa and China have experienced cooperation in the areas of foreign direct investment, cross‐border trade, and foreign aids. While this economic relationship has been viewed to contribute to the development of African nations, some scholars are of the opinion that it is a new practice in imperialism. Surprisingly, none of these scholars has examined the environmental effect of Chinese foreign direct investment (CFDI) in African regions. On this note, this study investigates how Chinese foreign direct investment (CFDI) has altered environmental conditions in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The study uses the pooled mean group panel estimation procedure to control for short‐run heterogeneity and long‐run homogeneity in the absence of cross‐sectional dependence for the period 2003–2020, focusing on 22 countries in the region that have seen a substantial increase in foreign investment from China. CFDI is shown to decrease CO2 emissions in the long term, lending credence to the pollution halo hypothesis. Furthermore, short‐term averages show that CFDI increases CO2 emissions, lending credence to the pollution haven hypothesis. However, the short‐term results showed substantial variation on how CFDI affects CO2 emissions. The research shows that short‐term CFDI is associated with reduction in CO2 emissions in Burundi and Rwanda but increases them in the Congo Republic, Gabon, and South Africa. Some policy suggestions based on the results are offered.
Elastomer Composites with High Damping and Low Thermal Resistance via Hierarchical Interactions and Regulating Filler
Authors: Zeng Xiangliang , Zhou Yu , Xia Xinnian , Fan Jianfeng , Rao Shipeng , Ren Linlin , Shen Xi , Sun Rong , Zeng Xiaoliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractModern microelectronics and emerging technologies such as wearable electronics and soft robotics require elastomers to integrate high damping with low thermal resistance to avoid damage caused by vibrations and heat accumulation. However, the strong coupling between storage modulus and loss factor makes it generally challenging to simultaneously increase both thermal conductance and damping. Here, a strategy of introducing hierarchical interaction and regulating fillers in polybutadiene/spherical aluminum elastomer composites is reported to simultaneously achieve extraordinary damping ability of tan δ > 1.0 and low thermal resistance of 0.15 cm2 K W−1, which surpasses state‐of‐the‐art elastomers and their composites. The enhanced damping is attributed to increased energy dissipation via introducing the hierarchical hydrogen bond interactions in polybutadiene networks and the addition of spherical aluminum, which also functions as a thermally conductive filler to achieve low thermal resistance. As a proof of concept, the polybutadiene/spherical aluminum elastomer composites are used as thermal interface materials, showing effective heat dissipation for electronic devices in vibration scenarios. The combination of outstanding damping performance and extraordinary heat dissipation ability of the elastomer composites may create new opportunities for their applications in electronics.
Interfacial Modulation of Ti3C2Tx MXene by Cellulose Nanofibrils to Construct Hybrid Fibers with High Volumetric Specific Capacitance
Authors: Liang Qidi , Liu Kun , Xu Ting , Wang Yaxuan , Zhang Meng , Zhao Qingshuang , Zhong Weiren , Cai Xu‐Min , Zhao Zujin , Si Chuanling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe intrinsic poor rheological properties of MXene inks result in the MXene nanosheets in dried MXene microfibers prone to self‐stacking, which is not conducive to ion transport and diffusion, thus affecting the electrochemical performance of fiber‐based supercapacitors. Herein, robust cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)/MXene hybrid fibers with high electrical conductivity (916.0 S cm−1) and narrowly distributed mesopores are developed by wet spinning. The interfacial interaction between CNF and MXene can be enhanced by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction due to their rich surface functional groups. The interfacial modulation of MXene by CNF can not only regulate the rheology of MXene spinning dispersion, but also enhance the mechanical strength. Furthermore, the interlayer distance and self‐stacking effect of MXene nanosheets are also regulated. Thus, the ion transport path within the fiber material is optimized and ion transport is accelerated. In H2SO4 electrolyte, a volumetric specific capacitance of up to 1457.0 F cm−3 (1.5 A cm−3) and reversible charge/discharge stability are demonstrated. Intriguingly, the assembled supercapacitors exhibit a high‐volume energy density of 30.1 mWh cm−3 at 40.0 mW cm−3. Moreover, the device shows excellent flexibility and cycling stability, maintaining 83% of its initial capacitance after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles. Practical energy supply applications (Power for LED and electronic watch) can be realized.
SnTe/SnSe Heterojunction Based Ammonia Sensors with Excellent Withstand to Ambient Humidities
Authors: Li Xinlei , Sun Shupeng , Wang Nan , Huang Baoyu , Li Xiaogan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNon‐invasive breath testing has gained increasing importance for early disease screening, spurring research into cheap sensors for detecting trace biomarkers such as ammonia. However, real‐life deployment of ammonia sensors remains hindered by susceptibility to humidity‐induced interference. The SnTe/SnSe heterojunction‐based chemiresistive‐type sensor demonstrates an excellent response/recovery to different concentrations of ammonia from 0.1 to 100 ppm at room temperature. The improved sensing properties of the heterojunctions‐based sensors compared to single‐phased SnTe or SnSe can be attributed to the stronger NH3 adsorptions, more Te vacancies, and hydrophobic surface induced by the formed SnTe/SnSe heterojunctions. The sensing mechanisms are investigated in detail by using in situ techniques such as diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Kelvin probe, and a.c. impedance spectroscopy together with the Density‐Function‐Theory calculations. The formed heterojunctions boost the overall charge transfer efficiency between the ammonia and the sensing materials, thus leading to the desirable sensing features as well, with excellent resistance to ambient humidities.
Pd Clusters Loaded with Multivalent Cu Foam for Superior Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction and Selective N≡N Bond Formation
Authors: Gao Weiqi , Sun Jie , Zhao Guohua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical denitrification of nitrate (NO3−) in actual wastewater to nitrogen (N2) is an effective approach to reversing the current imbalance of the nitrogen cycle and the eutrophication of water. However, electrostatic repulsion between NO3− and the cathode results in the low efficiency of NO3− reduction reaction (NO3RR). Here, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used as a theoretical guide to design a Pd cluster‐loaded multivalent Cu foam (Pd/Cu2O‐CF) electrocatalyst, which achieves a splendid 97.8% NO3− removal rate, 97.9% N2 selectivity, 695.5 mg N g−1Pd h−1 reduction efficiency, and 60.0% Faradaic efficiency at −1.3 V versus SCE. The projected density of states (pDOS) indicates that NO3− and Pd/Cu2O‐CF are bonded via strong complexation between the O 2p (in NO3−) and Cu 3d (in Cu2O) with the input of voltage, which reduces the electrostatic repulsion and enhances the enrichment of NO3− on the cathode. In‐situ characterizations demonstrate that Pd[H] can reduce Cu2O to Cu, and subsequently Cu reduces NO3− to nitrite (NO2−) accompanied by in situ reconfiguration of multivalent Cu foam. NO2− is then transferred to the surface of Pd clusters by the cascade catalysis and accelerates the breaking of N─O bonds to form Pd─N, and eventually achieves the N≡N bond formation.
Physical Pretreatment on Common Bean Starch at Acid Hydrolyzed Nanocrystals Structure and Properties
Authors: Pinto Vania Zanella , Pinto Camila Costa , de Souza Sérgio Michielon , Moomand Khalid , Biduski Bárbara , dos Santos Gustavo Henrique Fidelis , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStarch nanocrystals (SNC) are insoluble platelets with crystalline structures produced by acid hydrolysis. Pretreatments, including heat–moisture treatment (HMT), annealing (ANN), and sonication (SNT) can be used to improve SNC properties. They investigate the impact of these pretreatments on SNC structure and properties, including hydrolysis kinetics and yield, molecular structure, infrared spectroscopy, crystallinity (Xc), and thermal stability. Hydrolysis of native and pretreated starches followed a two‐phase first‐order model with an initial rapid stage and a slower second stage based on the k‐values. SNC yield is improved by at least 180% than previously reported. HMT SNC yield is 42.3% while native SNC is 35.2%. Structural analysis reveals that SNC displayed an A‐type structure with increased Xc. However, prolonged acid hydrolysis (7 days) reduces Xc by breaking long molecular chains into shorter glucose ones, reducing SNC yield. Melting temperatures (Tp) of pretreated SNC increase after 5 days of hydrolysis. Pretreated carioca bean starch shows advantages for SNC production after 5 days of hydrolysis, reaching good yield and Xc. HMT and SNT prove effective in improving hydrolysis yield and thermal stability, while ANN slightly accelerates SNC production. Their findings provide valuable insights into optimizing pretreatments for enhancing SNC properties and expanding their applications.
Genomic‐wide identification and expression analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors in Zanthoxylum armatum reveals the candidate genes for the biosynthesis of terpenoids
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Zhang Weiwei , Tang Ning , Chen Zexiong , Rao Shen , Cheng Hua , Luo Chengrong , Ye Jiabao , Cheng Shuiyuan , Xu Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTerpenoids are the main active components in the Zanthoxylum armatum leaves, which have extensive medicinal value. The Z. armatum leaf is the main by‐product in the Z. armatum industry. However, the transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids are rarely reported. This study was performed to identify and classify the APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (AP2/ERF) gene family of Z. armatum. The chromosome distribution, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis‐acting elements of the promoter of the species were also comprehensively analyzed. A total of 214 ZaAP2/ERFs were identified. From the obtained transcriptome and terpenoid content data, four candidate ZaAP2/ERFs involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids were selected via correlation and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using 13 AP2/ERFs related to the biosynthesis of terpenoids in other plants. ZaERF063 and ZaERF166 showed close evolutionary relationships with the ERFs in other plant species and shared a high AP2‐domain sequence similarity with the two closest AP2/ERF proteins, namelySmERF8 from Salvia miltiorrhiza and AaERF4 from Artemisia annua. Further investigation into the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the content of terpenoids in Z. armatum leaves revealed that MeJA significantly induced the upregulation of ZaERF166 and led to a significant increase in the terpenoids content in Z. armatum leaves, indicating that ZaERF166 might be involved in the accumulation of terpenoids of Z. armatum. Results will be beneficial for the functional characterization of AP2/ERFs in Z. armatum and establishment of the theoretical foundation to increase the production of terpenoids via the manipulation of the regulatory elements and strengthen the development and utilization of Z. armatum leaves.