bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the pectic fraction of bush butter (Dacryodes edulis (G Don) HJ Lam) fruit pulp during ripening
Authors: Ella Missang Crépin , Renard Cathérine M G C , Baron Alain , Drilleau Jean‐François 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCDTA‐soluble polysaccharides were extracted from cell wall material (prepared as alcohol‐insoluble solids) of bush butter fruit endocarp tissue at three stages of ripeness. The amount of soluble pectins remained constant but they underwent a gradual depolymerisation during ripening. The CDTA extracts were fractionated by anion exchange and the subfractions were analysed for their sugar composition and molecular weight distribution. For all degrees of ripeness the extracts were composed of three minor peaks and two major peaks. The minor peaks appeared to be composed of xyloglucan and mannan‐type polymers for the first peak and arabinogalactan‐type polymers for the other two peaks. The two main peaks were retained on the column. The first was exclusively composed of homogalacturonan polymers and the second contained principally highly branched rhamnogalacturonan polymers. During ripening, both homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan populations were modified. Modifications in the rhamnogalacturonan fraction were principally marked by the accumulation of low‐molecular‐weight rhamnoglacturonan polymers in the course of ripening.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Preliminary studies on the influence of boron on the foliar biomass and quality of tobacco leaves subjected to $\hbox{NO}_3^-$ fertilisation
Authors: Ruiz Juan M , Lopez‐Lefebre Luis R , Sanchez Esteban , Rivero Rosa M , Garcia Pablo C , Romero Luis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to determine the influence of different B dosages on foliar biomass and quality in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L var Tennesse 86). Tobacco plants were grown under controlled conditions and submitted to regular fertilisation with macro‐ and micronutrients. The B was applied to the nutrient solution in the form of H3BO3 at 5 µM (B1), 10 µM (B2) and 20 µM (B3). The results indicated that under the experimental conditions of this work the increased application of B favoured the growth and development of the leaves, this leading to improved biomass production in tobacco leaves. The increase in foliar biomass in treatment B3 is due largely to the stimulation of ${\bf NO_3^-}$ assimilation. However, this situation has negative consequences for tobacco quality, given that the B3 treatment augmented the ${\bf NO_3^-}$ concentration as well as the foliar concentration of nicotine, both effects being harmful for human consumption. Finally, a close and directly proportional relationship was found in our experiment between the parameters foliar biomass production, total N concentration, chlorophyll concentration and decline in quality.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of cooking on the location and concentration of oxalate in three cultivars of New Zealand‐grown oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol)
Authors: Albihn Pernilla B E , Savage Geoffrey P 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol) originates from South America but is now also grown commercially in New Zealand. It contains moderate amounts of oxalate, which is only present in its soluble form. The skin of the oca tuber is thought to contain more oxalate than the flesh. In this study the concentration of soluble oxalate was measured in the skin and outer and inner flesh and in the whole tuber of raw, boiled, baked and steamed oca. The analysis was carried out on the traditionally pinkish‐red New Zealand cultivar and on the newly introduced cultivars ‘Mellow Yellow’ and ‘Apricot Delight’. In the raw oca tuber the oxalate concentration in the skin is significantly higher than in the flesh (mean value 7.3 g kg−1 fresh weight (FW) compared to 1.7 and 1.4 g kg−1 FW in the outer and inner flesh respectively). The highest concentration was found in the skin of the pinkish‐red cultivar (10.9 ± 1.0 g kg−1 FW). All cooking methods seemed to cause a migration of oxalate from the skin to the underlying flesh. On a fresh weight basis, baking significantly increased the oxalate concentration in the whole tuber, whereas boiling decreased the concentration and steaming had no significant effect (p < 0.001). Boiling might therefore be a better way of cooking oca than baking when a low intake of oxalate is desired.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of red beet (Beta vulgaris var conditiva) varieties on the basis of their pigment components
Authors: Gasztonyi Magdolna Nagy , Daood Hussein , Hájos Maria Takács , Biacs Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe colour of beetroot is an important quality characteristic. This vegetable has a beneficial health effect against tumour cells, and its mineral content is high. It is also considered as a raw material for natural food colourant production. The aim of this study was to determine the pigment content of five red beet varieties, with special emphasis on the ratios of various pigment components. The red–violet and yellow pigment components of red beet were extracted and measured by HPLC. Four red–violet and two yellow components were separated in all five varieties. Data revealed the highest BC/BX ratio (2.08) in the variety ‘Rubin’, which showed good inner colour in sensory tests. The experiments proved that red beet varieties can be ranged according to their pigment content so that they can be selected for the production of food colourants.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Pragmatism and organizational knowledge management
Authors: Blosch Marcus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn recent years there has been an increasing interest in organizational knowledge and knowledge management. Much of this literature does not define what knowledge is, treating knowledge as merely a collection of facts which may be managed just as any other organizational resource. This paper argues that this approach to knowledge does not provide managers with the basis needed in order to create the knowledge based organization. Building on contemporary pragmatism this paper creates a definition of knowledge which may underpin the organization's approach to knowledge management. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil organic matter decline and compositional change associated with cereal cropping in southern Tanzania
Authors: McDonagh J. F. , Thomsen T. Birch , Magid J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe spatial analogue method and 13C analytical techniques were used to reveal medium‐ to long‐term changes in soil organic matter (SOM) in farmers' fields under maize in southern Tanzania. Aerial photography and detailed farmer interviews were used to relate land‐use history to declines in SOM concentration and changes in composition. The research attempted to measure the rate of SOM decline and the extent to which farmers' residue management practice was allowing cereal residues to contribute to SOM. The combination of research methods employed in this study proved to be highly complementary. Results indicate that native SOM decreased by on average 50 per cent; after 25 years of cultivation. Under current residue management with cereal residues mostly grazed and burnt there is only a relatively modest contribution from cereal residues to SOM. When cereal residues are retained in the field it is likely they will contribute significantly to SOM but they are much less likely to build SOM in the medium to long term. The paper concludes that in many situations it is probably best for farmers to allow the majority of the residues to be eaten by cattle in these systems rather than attempt to build SOM or risk nitrogen immobilization in cropped fields. The greater importance of inputs of high‐quality (e.g. legume) residues for nutrient supply in the short term is highlighted, in contrast to inputs of poor‐quality (e.g. cereal) residues in an attempt to build SOM in the longer term. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using farmers' knowledge for defining criteria for land qualities in biophysical land evaluation
Authors: Messing I. , Fagerström M. H. Hoang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present a way of complementing empirical results with farmers' perceptions in defining limiting biophysical land properties in a land suitability evaluation using the FAO framework methodology. The farmers' perceptions were identified using rapid and participatory rural appraisal (RRA/PRA) tools. The study catchment, having a semiarid continental climate and located on the Loess Plateau in northern China, covered an area of 3.5 km2. Most of the land users were dependent on subsistence agriculture. There were important topographic variations in the catchment and arable cropping on steep slopes brought about degradation of land due to water erosion. The biophysical monitoring, soil survey and RRA/PRA survey, carried out one year prior to the present investigation, supplied the data needed for identification of preliminary limiting land properties and land evaluation units. The land properties that needed further investigation in the present study were slope aspect, soil workability, flooding hazard and farmers' criteria on choice of land‐use type. The farmers were able to give a comprehensive picture of the spatial and temporal variation and the importance for land‐use options of the land properties concerned, and thereby complement the information gained from empirical results (measurements). In order to guarantee good production for dry as well as wet years, both south‐ and north‐facing sites were chosen for most crops, and the slope aspect did not need to be differentiated in the final land suitability evaluation for arable crops. Grassland, however, was considered to be more suitable than woodland on south‐facing sites. Hard soil layers were found to be important, since they affected soil workability and erosion negatively, giving slightly reduced suitability for the land units in which they occurred. Flooding events affecting crops on alluvial soils negatively were considered to occur once every 5 to 10 years, which is considered to be a low rate, so this property was therefore not included in the final suitability evaluation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ground‐level changes after wildfire and ploughing in eucalyptus and pine forests, Portugal: implications for soil microtopographical development and soil longevity
Authors: Shakesby R. A. , Coelho C. O. A. , Ferreira A. J. D. , Walsh R. P. D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSoil level changes over four years at 50 sites in three types of post‐fire eucalyptus and pine forest management practices (natural pine seedling regeneration; eucalyptus regrowth from coppiced stumps; and deep‐(rip‐) ploughed areas planted with eucalyptus seedlings) in the Águeda Basin, Portugal are reported. Average ground lowering at regrowth sites was high during the first year after fire (up to an estimated 18 mm), declining sharply by the third year with vegetation growth and litter cover development. In the first year after rip‐ploughing, there was greater surface lowering (up to 27 mm recorded), with recovery within three–four years. This sharp post‐ploughing reduction in soil loss is attributed to stone lag development through erosion of fines. Soil erosion resulting from a wildfire—rip‐ploughing cycle is estimated to be up to 174 t ha−1, which would lead to ultimate physical degradation for typically thin soils within 50–100 years. Soil surface roughness decreased slightly or remained virtually stable for the moist Águeda Basin stony soil compared with a model of increased roughness for dry Mediterranean stony soils. This difference is attributed to moist conditions encouraging vegetation growth and rapid fermentation of organic matter together with transported sediment infilling surface indentations. The value of a ground‐level change approach, and of the soil erosion bridge in particular, in soil erosion studies is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of laser‐induced thermotherapy (LITT) on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells in rat brain transplantation tumors
Authors: Schulze Paul Christian , Adams Volker , Busert Christoph , Bettag Martin , Kahn Thomas , Schober Ralf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLaser‐induced thermotherapy (LITT) is an approach to the treatment of brain tumors especially in poorly accessible regions. Its clinical applicability with tumor cell destruction has been shown in several studies. However, no data are known about specific effects on tumors cells due to LITT in the time course of the lesion.Study Design/Materials and MethodsLITT was performed in adult Lewis rats with implanted glioma cells in the brain using a standard exposure of 3 W for 30 seconds. Before and following LITT, neoplastic lesions were monitored by MRI. Proliferation of implanted cells and gliosis were assessed by several histological techniques and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.ResultsOur experiments show a destruction of neoplastic cells by LITT but surviving tumor cells at the margin of the lesion. Apoptosis was detected following LITT restricted to residual neoplastic cells. Marginal survival of tumor cells lead to a secondary outgrowth into the necrotic lesion adjacent to sprouting capillaries.ConclusionsLITT is a suitable technique for the treatment of brain neoplasms. However, further investigations are necessary to prevent tumor recurrences after LITT. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:227‐232, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histologic analysis of the effect on dental pulp of a 9.6‐μm CO2 laser*
Authors: Wigdor Harvey A. , Walsh Joseph T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBoth patients and dentists would like a replacement of the dental drill. During the last decade, lasers have been investigated as a possible replacement. For lasers to be accepted, studies must show that their effect on the dental pulpal tissues is equal to or less noxious than those effects caused by the dental handpiece (drill).Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this study, two laser systems were used; the first was a breadboard CO2 laser and the second a prototype clinical CO2 laser system both emitted 60‐μs‐long pulses of 9.6‐μm radiation. On the delivery system of both lasers, a scanner moved the focussed beam in a circular pattern and a water spray system served to cool the ablation site. Both lasers were used to create holes of similar dimensions in canine teeth. The treated teeth were then restored and harvested at either 4 days or 4 weeks. The teeth were decalcified, sectioned, and stained for examination via light microscopy.ResultsThe histologic examination revealed normal pulpal tissues in the canine teeth treated with both CO2 lasers. Some histologic sections showed an increase in the predentin layer, 28 days after laser treatment. While many histologic sections showed normal pulpal architecture following handpiece treatment, some sections showed total disruption of the normal pulpal histology.ConclusionsHistologic evaluation revealed that the lasers produced no noticeable damage to the dental pulpal tissue and appear to be a safe method for removing dental hard tissues. From this study, it appears that 9.6 μm CO2 laser does not cause damage to the dental pulpal tissues in dogs. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:261–266, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimizing free electron laser incisions at 6.45 μm with computer‐assisted surgical techniques and the utilization of a heat‐conducting template††
Authors: Robbins Jason B. , Reinisch Lou , Ellis Darrel L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe sought to optimize laser incisions by evaluating the effects of varying the slit width of a heat‐conducting template and the step size with the Computer‐Assisted Surgical Techniques (CAST) system on free electron laser (FEL) incisions at 6.45 μm.Study Design/Materials and MethodsStainless steel calipers were used as a heat‐conducting template on human skin in vitro. The CAST system made the incisions as a series of spot ablations with set step sizes of 50 μm or 1,250 μm. At each step size, incisions were made with or without the calipers, by using varying slit widths. Histologic specimens were analyzed for lateral thermal damage over the entire depth of the incision and over the superficial 150 μm of dermis.ResultsLateral thermal damage over the superficial 150 μm of dermis was most significantly reduced with the calipers at a slit width approximating the FEL's beam diameter (636 μm  ±  100 μm). Also, incisions made with the larger step size (1,250 μm) had significantly less lateral thermal damage over the entire depth of the incision.ConclusionsThe use of a heat‐conducting template with an aperture approximating the FEL's beam diameter and larger step size improved FEL incisions at 6.45 μm. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:162–167, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do established antecedents of purchase decision‐making power apply to contemporary couples?
Authors: Webster Cynthia , Reiss Michelle C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe research reported here investigated the extent to which hedonic theory explains the nature of the effects of the established antecedents of marital roles (resource theory, sex‐role orientation, least‐interested partner hypothesis, and involvement) on relative influence and strategy usage in purchase decision making for married and nontraditional couples (cohabiting heterosexual, gay, and lesbian couples). The findings reveal that hedonic theory (the effect of partners' [dis]similarity in an antecedent on that antecedent's impact of relational power) explains the majority of cases where the impact of the antecedents on power vary across couple types. In some cases, however, hedonic theory is lacking in its explanatory power, thus indicating that couple types differ other than the extent to which partners are (dis)similar demographically or socioeconomically. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New trends in the application of electron ionization to liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry interfacing
Authors: Cappiello Achille , Famiglini Giorgio , Mangani Filippo , Palma Pierangela 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

I.
Introduction
88

II.
Cap‐EI Interface
90

A.   Interface Performance
92

III.
Direct‐EI Interface
93

A.   Interface Performance
97

IV.
Conclusions
103

Acknowledgments
103

References
103

Two recent approaches for coupling capillary scale liquid chromatography and electron ionization mass spectrometry are reviewed and discussed. The first one, Cap‐EI, is the latest evolution of the micro‐scale particle beam interface, in which the nebulizer has been optimized to overcome the limitations of the former approach, in terms of sensitivity and linearity. It can be easily hosted in pre‐existing instruments without major modifications and can use helium and the less‐expensive nitrogen to generate library‐matchable electron ionization spectra. The second one is a miniaturized interface for nano‐ and micro‐HPLC, in which the interfacing process takes place into a suitably modified ion source. Because the eluate from the column is completely transferred into the ion source for ionization, superior sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility are obtained. No signs of chemical ionization are observed at flow rates up to 1.5 μL/min. These two interfaces demonstrate that electron ionization can be successfully used for the analysis of small—medium molecules of various polarities, and also at the trace level. The possibility to record library‐matchable electron ionization spectra offers the analyst a powerful tool that can be particularly useful in real‐world applications.© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 20: 88–104, 2001
Frequent microsatellite instability in lung cancer from chromate‐exposed workers
Authors: Hirose Toshiyuki , Kondo Kazuya , Takahashi Yuji , Ishikura Hisashi , Fujino Haruhiko , Tsuyuguchi Masaru , Hashimoto Masato , Yokose Tomoyuki , Mukai Kiyoshi , Kodama Tetsurou , Monden Yasumasa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough chromium has been the most extensively investigated metal with respect to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, its genetic effects in humans are only partly understood. Our previous study demonstrated that lung cancer from chromate‐exposed workers infrequently (20%) displayed p53 gene mutations as well as a particular mutation pattern. In the present study, we examined the replication error (RER) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 38 lung cancers from 28 chromate‐exposed workers (chromate lung cancer group) and in 26 lung cancer patients without chromate exposure (non‐chromate lung cancer group), using six microsatellite markers containing CA repeats: D3S647 (3p23), D3S966 (3p21.3), D3S1289 (3p21.1), D5S346 (5q21–q22), D9S161 (9p21), and TP53 (17p13.1). The RER phenotype was defined as the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) at two or more loci. Thirty (78.9%) of 38 tumors in the chromate lung cancer group exhibited RER. In contrast, only four (15.4%) of 26 tumors in the non‐chromate lung cancer group exhibited RER. The frequency of RER in the chromate lung cancer group was significantly higher than that in the non‐chromate lung cancer group (P < 0.0001). By contrast, the frequency of LOH at 3p, 5q, 9p, and 17p loci in tumors with chromate exposure was not significantly different from that in tumors without chromate exposure. In the chromate lung cancer group, the period of chromate exposure in workers with RER (24.5 ± 6.7 yr) was significantly longer than that in workers without RER (17.0 ± 3.5 yr) (P = 0.0046). In addition, a longer period of chromate exposure was associated with a tendency toward a higher frequency of MSI. This finding suggests that MSI may play a role in chromium‐induced carcinogenesis. In addition to our previous study of p53 mutations, the present findings suggest that the carcinogenic mechanism of chromate lung cancer may differ from that of non‐chromate lung cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of proliferation and expression of T1 and cyclin D1 genes by thyroid hormone in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: González‐Sancho José Manuel , Figueroa Angélica , López‐Barahona Mónica , López Eva , Beug Hartmut , Muñoz Alberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relationship between thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) and breast cancer is unclear. We studied the effect of the c‐erbA/TRα proto‐oncogene encoding a functional T3 receptor (TRα1), of its ligand T3, and of its retroviral, mutated counterpart, the v‐erbA oncogene, on the proliferation capacity of nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells (EpH4). We found that EpH4 cells expressing ectopically TR (EpH4 + TRα1) or v‐erbA (EpH4 + v‐erbA) proliferated faster than parental EpH4 cells that contained low levels of endogenous TR. T3 inhibited DNA synthesis and proliferation in EpH4 + TRα1 cells but not EpH4 or EpH4 + v‐erbA cells. The study of cell‐cycle genes showed that T3 decreased cyclin D1 RNA and protein levels in EpH4 + TRα1 cells. In addition, T3 downregulated the expression of T1, a gene that is overexpressed in human breast adenocarcinomas and is induced by mitogens, serum, and several oncogenes and cytokines. Inhibition of the T1 gene by T3 required both de novo mRNA and protein synthesis. Furthermore, T3 abolished the induction of T1 by the tumor promoter 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate and inhibited the activity of an activation protein 1–dependent promoter (‐73‐Col‐CAT) in EpH4 + TRα1 cells, suggesting that interference with activation protein 1 transcription factor plays a part in the inhibition of the T1 gene. Our results showed that T3 reduced the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells and inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 and T1 genes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.