bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vehicle traffic on space use and road crossings of caribou in theArctic
Authors: Severson John P. , Vosburgh Timothy C. , Johnson Heather E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAssessing the effects of industrial development on wildlife is a key objective of managers and conservation practitioners. However, wildlife responses are often only investigated with respect to the footprint of infrastructure, even though human activity can strongly mediate development impacts. In Arctic Alaska, there is substantial interest in expanding energy development, raising concerns about the potential effects on barren‐ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti). While caribou generally avoid industrial infrastructure, little is known about the role of human activity in moderating their responses, and whether managing activity levels could minimize development effects. To address this uncertainty, we examined the influence of traffic volume on caribou summer space use and road crossings in the Central Arctic Herd within the Kuparuk and Milne Point oil fields on the North Slope of Alaska. We first modeled spatiotemporal variation in hourly traffic volumes across the road system from traffic counter data using gradient‐boosted regression trees. We then used generalized additive models to estimate nonlinear step selection functions and road‐crossing probabilities from collared female caribou during the post‐calving and insect harassment seasons, when they primarily interact with roads. Step selection analyses revealed that caribou selected areas further from roads (~1–3 km) during the post‐calving and mosquito seasons and selected areas with lower traffic volumes during all seasons, with selection probabilities peaking when traffic was <5 vehicles/h. Using road‐crossing models, we found that caribou were less likely to cross roads during the insect seasons as traffic increased, but that response dissipated as insect harassment became more severe. Past studies suggested that caribou exhibit behavioral responses when traffic exceeds 15 vehicles/h, but our results demonstrate behavioral responses at much lower traffic levels. Our results illustrate that vehicle activity mediates caribou responses to road infrastructure, information that can be used in future land‐use planning to minimize the behavioral responses of caribou to industrial development in sensitive Arctic landscapes.
Tropical forest mammal occupancy and functional diversity increase with microhabitat surface area
Authors: Gorczynski Daniel , Rovero Francesco , Mtui Arafat , Shinyambala Steven , Martine Joseph , Hsieh Chia , Frishkoff Luke , Beaudrot Lydia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany animal–environment interactions are mediated by the physical forms of the environment, especially in tropical forests, where habitats are structurally complex and highly diverse. Higher structural complexity, measured as habitat surface area, may provide increased resource availability for animals, leading to higher animal diversity. Greater habitat surface area supports increased animal diversity in other systems, such as coral reefs and forest canopies, but it is uncertain how this relationship translates to communities of highly mobile, terrestrial mammal species inhabiting forest floors. We tested the relative importance of forest floor habitat structure, encompassing vegetation and topographic structure, in determining species occupancy and functional diversity of medium to large mammals using data from a tropical forest in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. We related species occupancies and diversity obtained from a multispecies occupancy model with ground‐level habitat structure measurements obtained from a novel head‐mounted active remote sensing device, the Microsoft HoloLens. We found that habitat surface area was a significant predictor of mean species occupancy and had a significant positive relationship with functional dispersion. The positive relationships indicate that surface area of tropical forest floors may play an important role in promoting mammal occupancy and functional diversity at the microhabitat scale. In particular, habitat surface area had higher mean effects on occupancy for carnivorous and social species. These results support a habitat surface area–diversity relationship on tropical forest floors for mammals.
Wood decomposition is increased by insect diversity, selection effects, and interactions between insects and microbes
Authors: Zou Jia‐Yun , Cadotte Marc W. , Bässler Claus , Brandl Roland , Baldrian Petr , Borken Werner , Stengel Elisa , Luo Ya‐Huang , Müller Jörg , Seibold Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiodiversity drives ecosystem processes, but its influence on deadwood decomposition is poorly understood. To test the effects of insect diversity on wood decomposition, we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating the species richness and functional diversity of beetles. We applied a novel approach using computed tomography scanning to quantify decomposition by insects and recorded fungal and bacterial communities. Decomposition rates increased with both species richness and functional diversity of beetles, but the effects of functional diversity were linked to beetle biomass, and to the presence of one large‐bodied species in particular. This suggests that mechanisms behind observed biodiversity effects are the selection effect, which is linked to the occurrence probability of large species, and the complementarity effect, which is driven by functional differentiation among species. Additionally, beetles had significant indirect effects on wood decomposition via bacterial diversity, fungal community composition, and fungal biomass. Our experiment shows that wood decomposition is driven by beetle diversity and its interactions with bacteria and fungi. This highlights that both insect and microbial biodiversity are critical to maintaining ecosystem functioning.
A participatory framework to evaluate coherence between climate change adaptation and sustainable development policies
Authors: Beretić Nađa , Bauer Alissa , Funaro Matteo , Spano Donatella , Marras Serena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdapting to climate change involves taking a series of actions that reduce and/or avoid the effect of climate risks while ultimately increasing development opportunities in affected environments. Therefore, adaptation to climate change must become an integral part of a sustainable development process, in which it maintains the same priority as other development goals and strategies. Aiming to address the conceptual gap in coherent policy research in the fields of climate change and sustainable development, we performed coherence analysis research, categorized the different approaches, and defined methodology. The methodological framework was tested during the Living Lab based on a deliberative participatory process, making it easily applicable to diverse targets and contexts. The methodological framework developed in this study represents an unprecedented experience at the national (Italy) and regional level (Sardinia), projected to address global current/future environmental issues and problems through local knowledge, peculiarities, and resources.
Epidemiology and treatment of heart failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Canadian primary care
Authors: Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Peterson Sandra , Salimian Samaneh , Demers Catherine , Keshavjee Karim , Virani Sean A. , Mancini G.B. John , Wong Sabrina T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are largely managed in primary care, but their intersection in terms of disease burden, healthcare utilization, and treatment is ill‐defined.Methods and resultsWe examined a retrospective cohort including all patients with HF or COPD in the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network from 2010 to 2018. The population size in 2018 with HF, COPD, and HF with COPD was 15 778, 27 927, and 4768 patients, respectively. While disease incidence declined, age–sex‐standardized prevalence per 100 population increased for HF alone from 2.33 to 3.63, COPD alone from 3.44 to 5.96, and COPD with HF from 12.70 to 15.67. Annual visit rates were high and stable around 8 for COPD alone but declined significantly over time for HF alone (9.3–8.1, P = 0.04) or for patients with both conditions (14.3–11.9, P = 0.006). For HF alone, cardiovascular visits were common (29.4%), while respiratory visits were infrequent (3.5%), with the majority of visits being non‐cardiorespiratory. For COPD alone, respiratory and cardiovascular visits were common (16.4% and 11.3%) and the majority were again non‐cardiorespiratory. For concurrent disease, 39.0% of visits were cardiorespiratory. The commonest non‐cardiorespiratory visit reasons were non‐specific symptoms or signs, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and mental health. In patients with HF with and without COPD, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor use was similar, while mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use was marginally higher with concurrent COPD. Beta‐blocker use was initially lower with concurrent COPD compared with HF alone (69.3% vs. 74.0%), but this progressively declined by 2018 (74.5% vs. 73.5%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HF and COPD continues to rise. Although patients with either or both conditions are high utilizers of primary care, the majority of visits relate to non‐cardiorespiratory comorbidities. Medical therapy for HF was similar and the initially lower beta‐blocker utilization disappeared over time.
Effect of feeding astaxanthin with different E/Z‐isomer ratios on astaxanthin accumulation in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Honda Masaki , Kamizono Shohei , Illijas Muhammad Ikbal , Nakamura Tomoharu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAstaxanthin is traditionally utilized in crustacean aquaculture to enhance the characteristic pink‐red color of these species. It has been reported that the bioavailability and body accumulation efficiency of astaxanthin differ based on its E/Z‐isomer species, and these trends vary widely among animal species. This study investigated the influences of feeding astaxanthin having different E/Z‐isomer proportions on astaxanthin accumulation in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Z‐Isomer‐rich astaxanthin was prepared from the synthetic (all‐E)‐astaxanthin standard by thermal treatment, and the prepared all‐E‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin pellets (E‐AST‐P; total Z‐isomer proportion = 4.7%) and Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin pellets (Z‐AST‐P; total Z‐isomer proportion of astaxanthin = 81.8%) were fed to L. vannamei for 8 weeks. The feeding of Z‐AST‐P significantly improved the body astaxanthin concentration compared to those fed the control pellets without adding astaxanthin isomers and E‐AST‐P; the astaxanthin concentrations after the 8‐week treatments of the control pellets, E‐AST‐P, and Z‐AST‐P were 7.3 ± 0.5, 6.2 ± 1.8, and 12.3 ± 1.3 µg g–1, respectively. This result suggested that astaxanthin Z‐isomers have higher bioavailability and/or body accumulation efficiency than (all‐E)‐astaxanthin in L. vannamei.Practical Applications: The bioavailability of astaxanthin is generally very low, which is a critical issue for its use in crustacean aquaculture. In this study, we found that feeding a pellet rich in astaxanthin Z‐isomers showed a greater accumulation efficiency of astaxanthin in the whole body of L. vannamei than that fed a pellet rich in the all‐E‐isomer. Thus, the use of Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin feeds would contribute to improving the quality of crustacean and reducing the feed costs (i.e., reduction of the use amount of astaxanthin).
Influence of Coal Gangue Powder on the Macroscopic Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Zhenli Zhi , Shu Zhile , Wu Qihong , Li Jiaxin , Wu Haikuang , Chen Wenlong , Zeng Xinhang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe construction and coal industries generate substantial industrial waste, including coal gangue and construction and demolition (C&D) waste, leading to environmental pollution and high disposal costs. Integrating recycled aggregates (RAs) and coal gangue powder (CGP) into concrete is an effective approach for waste management. However, CGP can affect the performance of traditional recycled concrete. This study primarily aims to optimize the utilization of RAs and CGP while maintaining concrete performance. They utilized orthogonal experimental designs and microscopic characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Orthogonal experimental analysis indicated that with a water‐cement ratio (WCR) of 0.5 and replacement rates of 10% for CGP and 60% for RA, compressive and splitting tensile strengths reached 73.6% and 77.4% of ordinary C30 concrete, respectively. This mix proportion minimizes strength decline in coal gangue powder‐recycled aggregate concrete (CGP‐RAC) while maximizing recycled material replacement. Microscopic analysis revealed that CGP increased the Ca/Si ratio in cement paste, impeding hydration reactions, resulting in a looser internal structure and reduced concrete strength. These findings are anticipated to provide fresh theoretical insights for solid waste recycling and utilization.
Systematic analysis of nonfatal suicide attempts and further diagnostic of secondary injury in strangulation survivors: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Etgen Thorleif , Stigloher Manuel , Förstl Hans , Zwanzger Peter , Rentrop Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsData on nonfatal suicide attempts in Germany are sparse. The study aimed to analyze data on nonfatal suicide attempts and consecutive diagnostic steps to identify secondary injuries after strangulation.MethodsAll admissions after nonfatal suicide attempt in a large Bavarian psychiatric hospital between 2014 and 2018 were reviewed and the methods were analyzed.ResultsA total of 2125 verified cases out of 2801 registered cases of nonfatal suicide attempts were included in further analysis. The most common methods were intoxication (n = 1101, 51.8%), cutting (n = 461, 21.7%), and strangulation (n = 183, 8.6%). Among survivors of strangulation with external neck compression (n = 99, 54.1%), no diagnostic steps were performed in 36 (36.4%) patients and insufficient imaging in 13 (20.6%) patients. Carotid artery dissection was detected in two (4.0%) of 50 patients with adequate neuroimaging.ConclusionsThis study provides details on nonfatal suicide attempts in Germany. Slightly more than half of the patients with strangulation underwent adequate diagnostic work‐up, with 4.0% being diagnosed with dissection. Further studies with systematic screening for dissection after strangulation in psychiatric hospitals are recommended to reduce possible under‐reporting.
Long‐term prognosis and clinical practice for new‐onset ulcerative colitis in the era of biologics: A Japanese retrospective study
Authors: Moroi Rintaro , Kakuta Yoichi , Obara Taku , Shimoyama Yusuke , Naito Takeo , Shiga Hisashi , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThere is a scarcity of data on long‐term outcomes in patients with new‐onset ulcerative colitis (UC) in the era of biologics. We aimed to clarify the long‐term prognosis of UC and the clinical practice of prescriptions for UC.MethodsWe collected 6689 new‐onset UC cases using a medical claim database provided by DeSC Healthcare, Inc. We investigated the surgery‐free, systemic steroid‐free, and molecular targeting drug‐free rates and compared their differences based on UC‐onset age. We used multivariate analysis to identify clinical factors affecting long‐term prognosis and investigated the transition of prescriptions for UC.ResultsThe surgery‐free, systemic steroid‐free, and molecular targeting drug‐free rates at 5 years post‐UC diagnosis were 98.5%, 61.0%, and 88.7%, respectively. Pediatric patients had higher surgery‐free rates compared with elderly patients and non‐pediatric/non‐elderly patients (P = 0.022), whereas the systemic steroid‐free and molecular targeting drug‐free rates were significantly lower (P< 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). The retention rate of the first molecular targeting drug did not differ between drugs. The prescription rates of systemic steroid, immunomodulator, and molecular targeting drug increased from the second quarter in 2014 to the fourth quarter in 2021 (29.8%–39.1%, 6.8%–17.7%, and 7.6%–16.4%, respectively).ConclusionsWe clarified the long‐term prognosis and clinical practice of new‐onset UC cases. The long‐term outcome after UC onset might improve because of increasing use of new therapeutic agents. Further investigations are warranted.
ラグビー競技での死亡例の経験(Experience of fatal case in rugby competition)
Authors: 靖一 小守林 , 創太郎 大志田 , 慎平 佐藤 , 智彦 眞瀬 , 邦昭 小笠原 
Published: October 2023

要旨16歳の男性がラグビーの練習の補助のために厚さ30cm程度のタックルマットを持ち，チームメイトのタックルを受けていたところ，20回目のタックル後に崩れ落ちるように倒れて地面に横たわり，呼びかけに応じなくなったため当院へ救急搬送された。経緯として，搬送前日の練習中に脳振盪を起こしその後の練習は休んでいたが，当日はチームメイトの熱心な練習に触発され練習の補助を志願したのであった。頭部CTでは正中構造偏位を伴う最大厚が約6mmの右急性硬膜下血腫を認め，迂回槽は消失していた。受傷から約1時間50分後に全身麻酔下に頭蓋内血腫除去術を施行した。血腫を除去後に脳表を観察すると，脳挫傷はなく架橋静脈からの出血も認めなかった。内減圧と硬膜形成を行い，頭蓋内圧センサーを設置し外減圧状態として閉創した。術後頭蓋内圧は15～18mmHgで推移していたが，徐々に増悪し第17病日に死亡した。本例ではスポーツに関連した脳振盪後の事例として報告し考察する。
骨髄異形成症候群の心嚢腔内の急性転化による癌性心タンポナーデの1剖検例(An autopsy case of acute transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome leading to carcinomatous cardiac tamponade)
Authors: 稜 上石 , 淳司 畠山 , 史人 加藤 
Published: October 2023

要旨　今回我々は，急性発症の病歴で骨髄異形成症候群（myelodysplastic syndromes: MDS）の急性転化が心嚢腔内で生じ，心タンポナーデに至った稀な1例を経験したため報告する。症例は80歳の男性。入院7か月前にMDSと診断され，化学療法を施行されていた。受診前日に突然呼吸困難感を自覚し，経過をみていたが改善がなく，受診当日に意識消失し救急要請となった。初療時血圧は保たれているも頻脈性心房細動があり，心臓超音波検査にて心嚢液貯留を認めた。急性大動脈解離を疑い造影CT施行するも解離腔は認めず，血液検査，心電図，心臓超音波検査からは急性心筋梗塞は否定的だった。その後血圧が低下したため，心タンポナーデと判断し心嚢穿刺を実施したところ，800mLの血性心嚢液が引け，血圧が安定化した。集中治療室入室後，末梢血よりも心嚢液で芽球比率が高いことが判明し，心嚢腔内にてMDSが急性転化した可能性が考えられた。骨髄所見では急性転化を疑う所見は認めず，心嚢腔内では染色体異常を伴う細胞を多数認めたことにより心嚢腔内でMDSが急性転化したと診断した。入院中に再度心タンポナーデを発症し，多臓器不全が進行し第15病日に死亡退院となった。剖検では心外膜全周性に骨髄肉腫と考えられる腫瘍性病変が広がっていた。急性発症の病歴で血性心嚢液貯留を認めた場合，MDSの急性転化も念頭に置く必要がある。
Prevalence of dermatological self‐treatment among medical doctors of a Spanish hospital
Authors: Soto‐García Diego , Batalla Ana , Braña‐Valige Sara , Varela‐Fontán Sara , Vilanova‐Trillo Lucía , Couselo‐Rodríguez Carmen , Martínez‐Fernández Sandra , Gutierrez‐Meré Raúl , Flórez Ángeles 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐medication is a fairly common practice among medical doctors. Although frequently seen in clinical practice, there are few published studies that describe the process of self‐treatment in dermatology, being even lower in number those that evaluate this circumstance among health professionals.ObjectivesTo know the prevalence of self‐medication among medical professionals in our centre, to assess the need for preventive and training actions that help to avoid the misuse of dermatological treatments.MethodsDescriptive cross‐sectional study based on the responses of non‐dermatologist medical professionals at the University Hospital of Pontevedra (Spain). Data were collected through a self‐administered, anonymous and voluntary online questionnaire.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 283 physicians (50.63% participation rate, 62.90% females). Up to 77.39% of the physicians carried out self‐treatment for any pathology, and 55.12% for dermatological problems. The mean age of the doctors who practiced self‐treatment was significantly higher. The most used drugs were corticosteroids as topical treatment and antihistamines as systemic therapy. Irritant or allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent pathology considered suitable for self‐medication (18.02%), followed by fungal infections (16.86%). After self‐treatment, the 7.5% needed to be seen by a dermatologist. A large group of 69.23% stated that they would recommend the treatment carried out to someone suffering from a similar process.ConclusionsThe prevalence of self‐treatment for skin diseases among doctors was strikingly high (55.12%). More than two‐thirds of the surveyed physicians would recommend self‐treatment in the dermatology field. As the literature on this topic is yet scarce, further studies are required to corroborate data collected in this study.
Ultra‐High Bandwidth Density and Power Efficiency Chip‐To‐Chip Multimode Transmission through a Rectangular Core Few‐Mode Fiber
Authors: Zhang Ruihuan , Li Xingfeng , He Yu , Chen Gang , Xiong Liangming , Chen Haoshuo , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Zhang Yong , Xie Weiqiang , Su Yikai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptical interconnects have emerged as promising solutions for assisting electrical interconnects in short‐reach scenarios, where high bandwidth density and energy efficiency are of particular importance. Mode‐division multiplexing (MDM), capable of enhancing the bandwidth density and energy efficiency of optical systems, has drawn tremendous interest. However, the chip‐to‐chip MDM optical interconnects are impeded by the multimode chip‐fiber interfaces, where the transverse modes on the MDM chip mismatch with the linear polarization modes in the circular core few‐mode fiber (CCF). Moreover, the high differential group delays (DGDs) of a conventional CCF make the digital signal processing (DSP) computation complex thus consuming high power. To overcome these bottlenecks, a new multimode coupling solution based on a rectangular core few‐mode fiber with ultra‐low DGDs and an integrated multimode coupler is proposed. Based on this coupling scheme, a chip‐to‐chip MDM transmission experiment is performed on the TE00, TM00, TE10, and TM10 modes, and the highest bandwidth density of 19.4 Tb s mm −1 is realized at the chip facet. The DSP power consumption is ≈6% of a conventional CCF‐based system. It is believed that this work will pave the way for ultra‐compact, high density, low cost, and low computation‐complexity optical interconnects, such as data centers, cloud computing, and telecommunications.
Tunable Liquid Lenses: Emerging Technologies and Future Perspectives
Authors: Liu Chao , Zheng Yi , Yuan Rong‐Ying , Jiang Zhao , Xu Jin‐Bo , Zhao You‐Ran , Wang Xin , Li Xiao‐Wei , Xing Yan , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTunable liquid lenses with controllable focal length attract much attention from many researchers due to the unique advantages of strong adjustability, low power consumption, fast response time, and easy integration. In the last two decades, tunable liquid lenses have already been applied in machine vision, code scanner cameras, cellphone cameras, webcams, microscopes, mini projectors, AR/VR displays, 3D displays, and so on. There is no doubt that the tunable liquid lenses play an increasingly more important role in the field of optical technology. In this review, the research background and significance of the tunable liquid lenses are introduced. Tunable liquid lenses are systematically qualified according to the driving mechanism, and their current status and latest progress are presented in detail. The existing problems, directions for future research, and current and potential applications of the tunable liquid lenses are also discussed.