bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Corridors for Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in a part of Eastern Himalayas, India
Authors: Bhattacharya Malyasri , Sarkar Debanjan , Pandey Sneha , Mondal Indranil , Sathyakumar S. , Kumar R. Suresh , Talukdar Gautam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the largest mammals of Sikkim state in India, the Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) are threatened by rapid modification of their once pristine natural habitats. Over the past few decades, Sikkim has suffered extensive loss of forest cover due to rapid urbanization and tourism activities. Consequently, the population of Black bears is constricted to smaller habitat patches fragmented by road networks and urban settlements. Designating corridors is crucial to maintaining gene flow and species range shift under changing environmental conditions. Identifying corridors and areas with high potential of Black bear movement becomes essential. This study identified corridors and pinch points between 8 different Protected areas for Ursus thibetanus using the MaxEnt and Circuitscape modelling approach. We used Black bear presence points (collected through Camera traps and sign surveys) and 24 environmental variables to identify the corridors. We mapped seven corridors and five pinch points essential to maintain black bear connectivity in the Sikkim Himalayas. Our model predicted pinch points near few settlement areas; Mangan, Dikchu, Pangthang, Kabi, Yuksum and Lachen. Notably, these areas also coincides with Black bear conflict zones from Sikkim. The output of this study will improve conservation and management strategies promoting the recovery of isolated habitat patches providing sustainable intervention measures for forest managers.
Consensus, dissensus and synergy between clinicians and specialist foundation models in radiology report generation
Authors: Tanno Ryutaro , Barrett David , Sellergren Andrew , Ghaisas Sumedh , Dathathri Sumanth , See Abigail , Welbl Johannes , Singhal Karan , Azizi Shekoofeh , Tu Tao , Schaekermann Mike , May Rhys , Lee Roy , Man SiWai , Ahmed Zahra , Mahdavi S. Sara , Matias Yossi , Barral Joelle , Eslami Ali , Belgrave Danielle , Natarajan Vivek , Shetty Shravya , Kohli Pushmeet , Huang Po-Sen , Karthikesalingam Alan , Ktena Ira 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Radiology reports are an instrumental part of modern medicine, informing key clinical decisions such as diagnosis and treatment. The worldwide shortage of radiologists, however, restricts access to expert care and imposes heavy workloads, contributing to avoidable errors in report delivery. While recent progress in automated report generation with vision-language models offers clear potential to ameliorate this situation, the path toward real-world adoption has been stymied by the challenge of evaluating the clinical quality of AI-generated reports. In this study, we build a state-of-the-art report generation system for chest radiographs, Flamingo-CXR, by fine-tuning a well-known vision-language foundation model on radiology data. To measure the quality of the AI-generated reports, we perform an expert evaluation, that is largest in scale and diversity to date, by engaging a group of 27 certified radiologists in the United States and India to provide detailed assessment of AI-generated and human written reports from an intensive care setting as well as an inpatient setting. We observe a wide distribution of preferences across the panel, ranging from full consensus to dissensus, across clinical settings and regions, with 55.4% of Flamingo-CXR intensive care reports evaluated to be preferable or equivalent to clinician reports, by half or more of the panel, rising to 77.7% for outpatient x-rays overall and to 94% for the subset of cases with no pertinent abnormal findings. For reports that contain errors we develop an assistive setting, the first demonstration of clinician-AI collaboration for radiology report composition, and we observe a synergistic improvement across all clinical settings. Altogether, these nuanced evaluations reveal disparities between the AI system and radiologists, identify areas for potential clinical utility and pave the way toward a collaborative system that enhances clinical accuracy of radiology reporting.
Increasing risk of dam failures in the United States due to compound risk of rainfall clusters as climate changes
Authors: Hwang Jeongwoo , Lall Upmanu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A changing climate, with intensifying precipitation may contribute to increasing failures of dams by overtopping. We present the first analysis of rainfall sequences and events associated with recent hydrologic failures of 630 dams in the United States. We find that the maximum one-day rainfall associated with failure was often not extreme compared to dam spillway design criteria, even when accounting for rainfall statistics changing with time at each site. However, the combination of the total rainfall 5 to 30 days prior and the maximum one-day rainfall associated with dam failure is rare. Persistent atmospheric circulation patterns that lead to recurrent rainfall events, rather than just more moisture in the atmosphere is a possible reason. The probability of these compound precipitation risks has increased across much of the country. With over 90,000 aging dams still in service, the increasing likelihood of intense rainfall sequences raises concerns about future dam failures.
Prevalence and Factors Influencing Sexual Violence against Women Aged 15-49 in Kenya: Findings from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Ikwara Emmanuel Asher , Humphrey Atwijukiire , Meble Kasande , Hannington Wamani Gamukama 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: Sexual violence, a global concern, disproportionately affects women. In Kenya, over 40% of women experience intimate partner violence, reflecting a pressing need for understanding and addressing this issue. Sub-Saharan Africa faces a 18.7% prevalence with deep-rooted determinants like unequal power relations and cultural practices. Consequences from unwanted pregnancy to trauma hinder development goals. This study focuses on sexual violence among Kenyan women aged 15-49, aiming to inform policies and contribute to a safer, more equitable society.
Methods: This study analyzed 2022 Kenya Demographic Health Survey data. It used a two-stage cluster sampling method, surveyed 32,156 women aged 15-49, examined determinants of sexual violence, and employed statistical analysis to identify significant predictors.
Results: In the 2022 Kenya DHS study involving 32,156 reproductive-age women, 16% reported experiencing sexual violence. Significant factors associated with sexual violence included age, with older women facing a higher risk, urban residence, non-Catholic religion, wealthier households, not desiring children in the next two years, and healthcare decisions made by the husband/partner. In the bivariate analysis of factors associated with sexual violence among Kenyan women aged 15-49, various variables were significantly linked to sexual violence, including the person responsible for healthcare decisions, the respondent's employment status, husband/partner's education level, desire for more children, wealth index, household characteristics, religion, and age groups. Notably, the sex of the household head showed no association with sexual violence. The multivariate analysis confirmed that older age, rural residence, specific religion, lack of desire for children, healthcare decisions involving the husband/partner, household attributes like the presence of a radio, and a higher wealth index were significant predictors of sexual violence.
Conclusions and recommendations
This study examines sexual violence among Kenyan women aged 15-49, highlighting a 16% prevalence. It identifies determinants like age, residence, and religion and offers recommendations emphasizing awareness, education, collaboration, and legal reform to combat this issue effectively.
Impact of Computer Programming on Mathematics Education in K-12: Literature Review and Perspectives
Authors: AMIMOUR Amine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This literature review examines the impact of integrating computer programming into the teaching of mathematics within primary, middle, and secondary (K-12) educational institutions. Analysing 12 selected articles, the study highlights the various aspects of this integration, detailing observed outcomes on the understanding of mathematical concepts, the development of reasoning skills, and learner engagement. The articles also reveal challenges related to teacher training and learners’ perception of this innovative pedagogical approach. Furthermore, this review identifies unexplored research areas and proposes recommendations for future studies, emphasizing avenues for investigating specific mathematical concepts and the use of diverse programming languages.
Uterine carcinosarcomas: a clinicopathological report of 8 cases from a low-income country
Authors: Efared Boubacar , Koura Halidou Hamadou , Bako Aïchatou Balaraba Abani , Boubacar Idrissa , Boureima Habiba Salifou , Mahamadou Garba , Nouhou Hassan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCS) are rare aggressive biphasic tumors classified as a subtype of high grade uterine carcinomas. However, these tumors have particular histopathological features and clinical behavior with worse prognosis than high grade uterine carcinomas. Their incidence is increasing and more studies are required to elucidate their clinical and histopathological characteristics. Herein we report clinicopathological features of 8 cases of UCS in a low-income country.
Cases Presentation:
Patients with UCS represent 11.76% of all uterine malignancies with a mean age of 59.75 years (range of 50–65 years). Abdominal pain and metrorrhagia were the main clinical presentation. The epithelial component of UCS was often a serous carcinoma (62.5%) and patients presented with large tumors (mean size of 8.02 cm, range of 5–17 cm), with advanced FIGO stage (stage IV) in 4/8 patients (50%). Follow-up data were available in 4/8 patients among which only one were alive 25 months after the surgical treatment (overall survival of 25%).
Conclusion
UCS are rare and aggressive uterine tumors with very poor prognosis especially in low-income countries.
Weak Soil Modifications Using Sustainable Recycled Municipal Solid Waste Ash
Authors: Tuleun Lawrence Zahemen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to the ever growing need to incorporate ecofriendly and cost effective materials in construction projects, this research study was carried out with an overall aim of attempting to address the aforementioned need by investigating the possibility of stabilizing clayey lateritic soils using recycled municipal solid waste ash as an innovative material. The laterite specimens were incorporated with the varying ash contents and tested for atterberg limits, compaction and unconfined compressive strength behavior. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) test was conducted to determine the morphology changes in the soil when blended with RMSWA contents at curing ages of 1,7 and 14 days. Based on the results of UCS test, stress - strain behavior, load - deformation relationships curves were also established and analyzed. Results from the atterberg limit test revealed that the plastic index, plastic limit, liquid limit ranged between 1.6-11.9%, 20.6-24.5% and 26.1-35.0%. The maximum dry density of the samples increased with the ash inclusion, with the maximum dry density value of 2020Kg/m3 achieved at 6% ash inclusion, thus making it suitable in laterite stabilization. Base on the investigation, 6%MSWA can potentially be used to improve the engineering properties silty-clayey lateritic soils provided the adequate curing conditions are adhered to.
First report on Brachymeria spp (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) as a Hyperparasitoid of Charops bicolor Szepligeti (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) an larval parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in Maize from Southern Rajasthan India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Babu S Ramesh , Singh Beerendra , K Sruthi K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive pest that poses a significant threat to global food security by causing significant crop loss. There is a need for more environmentally friendly control methods, including biological control of this pest. Charops bicolor is an effective larval parasitoid of many lepidopteran insect pests, including S. frugiperda. Brachymeria spp was found as a parasitoid and hyperparasitoid of many parasitoid species, including C. bicolor.
Results
During the survey and observations recorded under laboratory conditions, it was found that a black-bodied hymenopteran Brachymeria spp was first time reported as a hyperparasitoid of Charops bicolor which was a larval parasitoid of S.frugiperda in maize from Southern Rajasthan, India.
Conclusions
The invasion of FAW in India as well as in Rajasthan has created an opportunity for enhancing biological control of fall armyworm using parasitoids for sustainable production of maize. The hyperparasitism success of Brachymeriaspp can create higher chances of disrupting the parasitism potential of other parasitoid species and allow S. frugiperda to cause more damage.
Robust estimations from distribution structures: I. Mean
Authors: Li Tuobang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As the most fundamental problem in statistics, robust location estimation has many prominent solutions, such as the trimmed mean, Winsorized mean, Hodges–Lehmann estimator, Huber M-estimator, and median of means. Recent studies suggest that their maximum biases concerning the mean can be quite different, but the underlying mechanisms largely remain unclear. This study exploited a semiparametric method to classify distributions by the asymptotic orderliness of quantile combinations with varying breakdown points, showing their interrelations and connections to parametric distributions. Further deductions explain why the Winsorized mean typically has smaller biases compared to the trimmed mean; two sequences of semiparametric robust mean estimators emerge, particularly highlighting the superiority of the median Hodges–Lehmann mean.
Europium Doped FeTiO3 Thin Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Method for Spintronic Applications
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Minhas Awais Shahid , Rehman Malik Saif Ur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pure and doped Titanium dioxide TiO2 thin film with Europium-iron was prepared by sol-gel method and deposited the thin film on a glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. The prepared sample was characterized by XRD, VSM, and dielectric properties for the analysis of structural, magnetic behavior, and chemical bonding, respectively. XRD shows the pure phase of FeTiO3 at 6wt% to 10wt%. An increase in crystallite size is observed with the increase in dopant concentration. Crystallite size varied from 21nm to 26 nm with an increase in the dopant concentration. The dielectric constant and tangent loss showed normal dispersion behavior. VSM showed the Soft Ferromagnetic behavior. The decrease in saturation magnetization is associated with an increase in dislocations in FeTiO3 thin films. This type of material is suitable for Spintronic devices.
On the hydraulic performance of the inclined drops: the effect of downstream macro-roughness elements
Authors: Kalateh Farhoud , Aminvash Ehsan , Daneshfaraz Rasoul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The main goal of the present study is to investigate the effects of macro-roughnesses downstream of the inclined drop through numerical models. Due to the vital importance of geometrical properties of the macro-roughnesses in the hydraulic performance and efficient energy dissipation downstream of inclined drops, two different geometries of macro-roughnesses, i.e., semi-circular and triangular geometries, have been investigated using the Flow-3D model. Numerical simulation showed that with the flow rate increase and relative critical depth, the flow energy consumption has decreased. Also, relative energy dissipation increases with the increase in height and slope angle, so that this amount of increase in energy loss compared to the smooth bed in semi-circular and triangular elements is 86.39 and 76.80%, respectively, in the inclined drop with a height of 15 cm, and 86.99 and 65.78% in the drop with a height of 20 cm. The Froude number downstream on the uneven bed has been dramatically reduced, so this amount of reduction has been approximately 47 and 54% compared to the control condition. The relative depth of the downstream has also increased due to the turbulence of the flow on the uneven bed with the increase in the flow rate.
Removal of pollutants from landfill leachate by adsorption with nano zero-valent iron particles: adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies
Authors: Göçer Serdar , Zaimoğlu Binnaz Zeynep , Cırık Kevser 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is an effective adsorbent for removing various organic and inorganic contaminants. In this study, nZVI particles, synthesized in our previous work, were used for landfill leachate pretreatment. The adsorption performance was tested at various adsorbent concentrations (50–500 mg Fe0/L), pH (3–8), and contact times (15–330 min). Chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) removal efficiency were approximately 75%, 60, 57, and 33%, respectively. The obtained data were fitted well by the Langmuir isotherm and adsorption kinetics of pseudo-second-order equations (R2 &gt; 0.9). The adsorption capacities were found to be 29.62, 21.01, and 3.12 mg/g for DOC, NH4+, and NO3−, respectively, at Fe0 concentration of 50 mg Fe0/L, pH of 8, and contact time of 120 min, which was determined as the effective operational conditions in this work. The obtained removal levels were higher compared to the conventional activated carbon adsorption (72.3%). Results suggest that nZVI has the potential to create effective adsorption relevant to landfill leachate pretreatment, thereby providing more efficient biological treatment by decreasing important pollutants before biological treatment.
Regenerative Medicine and Nanotechnology Approaches against Cardiovascular Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Prospective
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad Waseem , Muzamil Fatima , Sabir Maida , Ashfaq Usman Ali 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Regenerative medicine refers to medical research focusing on repairing, replacing, or
regenerating damaged or diseased tissues or organs. Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is a significant
health issue globally and is the leading cause of death in many countries. According to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one person dies every 34 seconds in the United
States from cardiovascular diseases, and according to a World Health Organization (WHO) report,
cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million
lives each year. Many conventional treatments are available using different drugs for cardiovascular
diseases, but these treatments are inadequate. Stem cells and nanotechnology are promising
research areas for regenerative medicine treating CVDs. Regenerative medicines are a revolutionary
strategy for advancing and successfully treating various diseases, intending to control cardiovascular
disorders. This review is a comprehensive study of different treatment methods for
cardiovascular diseases using different types of biomaterials as regenerative medicines, the importance
of different stem cells in therapeutics, the expanded role of nanotechnology in treatment, the
administration of several types of stem cells, their tracking, imaging, and the final observation of
clinical trials on many different levels as well as it aims to keep readers up to pace on emerging
therapeutic applications of some specific organs and disorders that may improve from regenerative
medicine shortly.
Simultaneous Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Echocardiography for Investigation of Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction in Outpatients: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Gerhardy Benjamin , Sivapathan Shanthosh , Orde Sam , Morgan Lucy 
Published: February 2024

Background
Cardiopulmonary dysfunction is a complex process with a broad range of etiologies. Investigations performed either at rest or those that only assess the function of a single organ (heart or lungs) are often insufficient. A simultaneous cardiopulmonary exercise test with stress echocardiography is a new approach to assessing cardiopulmonary dysfunction as it provides anatomical and functional imaging simultaneously while under increasing stress. To date, the application of cardiopulmonary exercise test-stress echocardiography (CPET-SE) has been broad and without structure, and its effect on patient outcomes is unclear.

Objective
The objective of this scoping review is to explore and analyze the evidence regarding the role of simultaneous CPET-SE in investigating cardiopulmonary dysfunction in outpatients. It will include any published study in which adult (older than or equal to 18 years of age) patients have completed a CPET-SE for the investigation of cardiopulmonary dysfunction.

Methods
This review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework, supported by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. It will use the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. Data sources will include MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane (including reviews, trials, and protocols) electronic databases, with no date range defined. The search will be limited to the English language with no restrictions regarding pathology. Secondary references of the included sources will also be assessed by a hand search for suitability. A 2-person title-abstract screen and data charting process will be used. Independent experts will be used for consultation including an academic librarian and clinicians. The Covidence software will be used for article screening.

Results
This scoping review will provide a unified and detailed description of the applications of CPET-SE in investigating cardiopulmonary dysfunction. This will provide a platform for future research harnessing this investigatory method. The results will be presented in both tabular and graphical formats to ensure clarity. The results of this scoping review will be submitted to a relevant peer-reviewed academic journal for publication.

Conclusions
The CPET-SE is a powerful tool for investigating cardiopulmonary dysfunction but remains in its infancy with a patchwork approach to indications, data reporting, and interpretation. This scoping review will unify the literature and provide a platform for future researchers and the development of a comprehensive application guideline.

Trial Registration
Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/98r3e

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/52076