bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the Indian Ocean and its relation to environmental factors
Authors: CHEN I‐CHING , LEE PEI‐FEN , TZENG WANN‐NIAN 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe distribution pattern of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, in the Indian Ocean was analyzed based on catch data from the Taiwanese tuna longline fishery during the period 1979–85. The Taiwanese tuna fishery began operating in the Indian Ocean in 1967. We used a geographic information system to compile a fishery and environmental database and statistically explored the catch per unit effort (CPUE) distribution of albacore. Our results indicated that immature albacore were mainly distributed in areas south of 30°S although some displayed a north–south seasonal migration. Mature albacore, which were mainly concentrated between 10°S and 25°S, also showed a north–south migration. Within 10°S and 30°S, the separation of mature, spawning, and immature albacore life history stages roughly coincided with the boundaries of the three oceanic current systems in the Indian Ocean. The optimal environmental variables for CPUE prediction by stepwise discriminant analysis differed among life history stages. For immature albacore, the sea surface variables sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll concentration and surface salinity were significant. For mature albacore, SST was significant, while for spawning albacore, the sub‐surface variables temperature at 100 m and oxygen at 200 m were significant. Spawning albacore evidently prefer deep oceanographic conditions. Our results on the oceanographic conditions preferred by different developmental stages of albacore in the Indian Ocean were compatible with previous studies found in the Pacific Ocean.
Use of invertebrate traits for the biomonitoring of European large rivers: the effects of sampling effort on genus richness and functional diversity
Authors: Bady Pierre , Dolédec Sylvain , Fesl Christian , Gayraud Sébastien , Bacchi Michel , Schöll Franz 
Published: December 2004

Summary1. Studies on biodiversity and ecosystem function require considering metrics for accurately describing the functional diversity of communities. The number of taxa (richness) is commonly used to characterise biological diversity. The disadvantage of richness as a measure of biological diversity is that all taxa are taken into account on an equal basis regardless of their abundance, their biological characteristics or their function in the ecosystem.2. To circumvent this problem, we applied a recently described measure of biological diversity that incorporates dissimilarities among taxa. Dissimilarities were defined from biological traits (e.g. life history, morphology, physiology and behaviour) of stream invertebrate taxa and the resulting biological diversity index was considered as a surrogate for functional diversity.3. As sampling effort is known to affect the number of taxa collected within a reach, we investigated how change in functional diversity is affected by sampling effort. We used stream invertebrate community data from three large European rivers to model accumulation curves and to assess the number of samples required to estimate (i.e. closeness to the maximal value) functional diversity and genera richness. We further evaluated the precision of estimates (i.e. similarity of temporal or spatial replicates) of the total functional diversity.4. As expected, richness estimates were strongly dependent on sampling effort, and 10 replicate samples were found to underestimate actual richness. Moreover, richness estimates showed much variation with season and location. In contrast, functional diversity had greater accuracy with less sampling effort and the precision of the estimates was higher than richness both across sampling occasions and sampling reaches. These results are further arguments towards conducting research on the design of a biomonitoring tool based on biological traits.
Does high nitrogen loading prevent clear‐water conditions in shallow lakes at moderately high phosphorus concentrations?
Authors: González Sagrario María A. , Jeppesen Erik , Gomà Joan , Søndergaard Martin , Jensen Jens Peder , Lauridsen Torben , Landkildehus Frank 
Published: December 2004

Summary1. The effect of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) loading on trophic structure and water clarity was studied during summer in 24 field enclosures fixed in, and kept open to, the sediment in a shallow lake. The experiment involved a control treatment and five treatments to which nutrients were added: (i) high phosphorus, (ii) moderate nitrogen, (iii) high nitrogen, (iv) high phosphorus and moderate nitrogen and (v) high phosphorus and high nitrogen. To reduce zooplankton grazers, 1+ fish (Perca fluviatilis L.) were stocked in all enclosures at a density of 3.7 individuals m−2.2. With the addition of phosphorus, chlorophyll a and the total biovolume of phytoplankton rose significantly at moderate and high nitrogen. Cyanobacteria or chlorophytes dominated in all enclosures to which we added phosphorus as well as in the high nitrogen treatment, while cryptophytes dominated in the moderate nitrogen enclosures and the controls.3. At the end of the experiment, the biomass of the submerged macrophytes Elodea canadensis and Potamogeton sp. was significantly lower in the dual treatments (TN, TP) than in single nutrient treatments and controls and the water clarity declined. The shift to a turbid state with low plant coverage occurred at TN >2 mg N L−1 and TP >0.13–0.2 mg P L−1. These results concur with a survey of Danish shallow lakes, showing that high macrophyte coverage occurred only when summer mean TN was below 2 mg N L−1, irrespective of the concentration of TP, which ranged between 0.03 and 1.2 mg P L−1.4. Zooplankton biomass and the zooplankton : phytoplankton biomass ratio, and probably also the grazing pressure on phytoplankton, remained overall low in all treatments, reflecting the high fish abundance chosen for the experiment. We saw no response to nutrition addition in total zooplankton biomass, indicating that the loss of plants and a shift to the turbid state did not result from changes in zooplankton grazing. Shading by phytoplankton and periphyton was probably the key factor.5. Nitrogen may play a far more important role than previously appreciated in the loss of submerged macrophytes at increased nutrient loading and for the delay in the re‐establishment of the nutrient loading reduction. We cannot yet specify, however, a threshold value for N that would cause a shift to a turbid state as it may vary with fish density and climatic conditions. However, the focus should be widened to use control of both N and P in the restoration of eutrophic shallow lakes.
Hatching of cladoceran resting eggs: temperature and photoperiod
Authors: VANDEKERKHOVE JOCHEN , DECLERCK STEVEN , BRENDONCK LUC , CONDE‐PORCUNA JOSÉ MARIA , JEPPESEN ERIK , MEESTER LUC DE 
Published: December 2004

Summary 1. We identified temperature and photoperiod conditions under which the hatching of 45 cladoceran species could be elicited. Identification of appropriate hatching cues is of primary importance for the exploration of the ties between active and diapausing stages.2. Incubation temperature affected the hatching success of resting eggs isolated from Danish, Belgian/Dutch and Spanish sediments. In general, most hatchlings and species were retrieved at 15 °C. Danish and Belgian/Dutch resting eggs hatched more successfully under a long day photoperiod than in continuous illumination.3. Most species could be retrieved after incubation of resting eggs isolated from a limited amount of sediment (0.4 kg) under a single, well chosen combination of temperature and photoperiod. Processing additional sediment samples under seven more incubation regimes only allowed detection of 21% (Spain) to 34% (Denmark) more species.4. The incubation period for resting eggs to hatch was strongly influenced by incubation temperature. Our results show that hatching experiments aimed at assessing cladoceran species richness and conducted at 15 °C should be continued for a period of at least 2 weeks, after which a random subset of hatchlings (e.g. n = 100) can be selected from the total hatchling assemblage.
From Europe to Africa and vice versa: evidence for multiple intercontinental dispersal in ribbed salamanders (GenusPleurodeles)
Authors: Veith Michael , Mayer Christian , Samraoui Boudjema , Barroso David Donaire , Bogaerts Serge 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim The intricate puzzle‐like geography of the western Mediterranean is a product of long‐term tectonic and orogenic events, supplemented by repeated climatic oscillations since the Pliocene. It offers numerous vicariance events that may be invoked to explain speciation in amphibians. We test for plausibility of two mutually exclusive Iberian–African vicariance hypotheses to explain the basal split within newts of the genusPleurodeles: (1) the disconnection of the Betic archc.14 Ma and (2) the end of the Messinian salinity crisis 5.33 Ma.Location Specimens ofP. waltlandP. poiretiwere sampled from 32 populations in Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.Methods Parts of three mitochondrial genes were sequenced (16S rRNA, cytochromeb, ATPase). Based on substitution rate constancy among lineages three different molecular clocks were calibrated to derive competing evolutionary scenarios for lineage evolution withinPleurodeles.Results One scenario was aligned with the dated fossil record and with historical events that are known to have enabled terrestrial faunal exchange between Europe and Africa. InPleurodeles, such faunal exchange is more likely to have happened three times, resulting in the current pattern of species diversity and haplotype distribution: (1) following the disconnection of the Betic region from Iberia and connection of its southernmost part (present‐day Rif Mountains) to Africa,c.14 Ma; (2) closing of the Strait of Gibraltar prior to the Messinian salinity crisis, 5.59–5.33 Ma; (3) passive dispersal in recent times, caused by rafting on vegetation or inadvertent displacement by man. The results show that North AfricanP. poiretipopulations comprise two distinct lineages; despite their geographical proximity, haplotype distribution within both lineages indicates totally different histories (range fragmentation vs. dispersal).Main conclusions Ribbed salamanders mainly evolved through allopatric speciation, driven by vicariance events. However, faunal exchange between Europe and Africa at the western end of the Mediterranean basin was linked to well‐known events of physical contact between both continents. This sheds new light on the potential role of dispersal across marine barriers via rafting or even, presumably inadvertent, anthropogenic displacement for the initiation of speciation in amphibians.
Transcriptional divergence of the duplicated oxidative stress‐responsive genes in the Arabidopsis genome
Authors: Stanley Kim H. , Yu Yan , Snesrud Erik C. , Moy Linda P. , Linford Lara D. , Haas Brian J. , Nierman William C. , Quackenbush John 
Published: December 2004

SummaryPrevious studies have indicated that Arabidopsis thaliana experienced a genome‐wide duplication event shortly before its divergence from Brassica followed by extensive chromosomal rearrangements and deletions. While a large number of the duplicated genes have significantly diverged or lost their sister genes, we found 4222 pairs that are still highly conserved, and as a result had similar functional assignments during the annotation of the genome sequence. Using whole‐genome DNA microarrays, we identified 906 duplicated gene pairs in which at least one member exhibited a significant response to oxidative stress. Among these, only 117 pairs were up‐ or down‐regulated in both pairs and many of these exhibited dissimilar patterns of expression. Examination of the expression patterns of PAL1 and PAL2, ACD1 and ACD2, genes coding for two Hsp20s, various P450s, and electron transfer flavoproteins suggests Arabidopsis evolved a number of distinct oxidative stress response mechanisms using similar gene sets following the duplication of its genome.
An open‐label randomized trial of the safety and efficacy of sirolimus vs. azathioprine in living related renal allograft recipients receiving cyclosporine and prednisone combination
Authors: Machado Paula GP , Felipe Cláudia R , Hanzawa Nilva M , Park Sung I , Garcia Riberto , Alfieri Fernando , Franco Marcelo , Silva Hélio T , Medina‐Pestana José O 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:  Background:  The ability of sirolimus (SRL), in combination with reduced exposure of cyclosporine, was investigated to prevent acute rejection and associated side effects.Methods:  Between June 1999 and February 2000, 70 recipients of primary one‐haplotype living‐related donor renal allografts were randomized to receive SRL (2 mg/d) or azathioprine (AZA) (2 mg/kg/d) combined with cyclosporine and prednisone. The primary end‐point was a composite of first occurrence of biopsy‐confirmed acute rejection, graft loss, or death during the first 3 months after transplantation.Results:  From week 4 to month 12, SRL patients received lower cyclosporine (week 4: 364 mg/d vs. 455 mg/d, p = 0.004; month 12: 195 mg/d vs. 255 mg/d, p = 0.038) doses and showed lower cyclosporine concentrations (week 4: 247 ng/mL vs. 309 ng/mL, p = 0.04; month 12: 143 ng/mL vs. 188 ng/mL, p = 0.045). Compared with AZA, SRL patients showed reduced 3‐month primary end point (0% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.025), and reduced incidence of biopsy‐confirmed acute rejection at 3 months (0% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.01) but not at 12 months (11.4% vs. 14.3%, NS). Mean creatinine at 12 months were not different (1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.6 ± 0.6, p = 0.23). Hyperlipidemia was the only adverse event more frequent among SRL patients (49% vs. 17%, p = 0.01). There were no differences in infections and no malignancies in both groups.Conclusions:  The combination of 2 mg fixed doses of SRL, reduced cyclosporine exposure and prednisone was associated with a low incidence of acute rejection and did not result in significantly impaired graft function compared with patients receiving AZA, standard doses of cyclosporine and prednisone.
Multiple Ornaments in Male Northern Cardinals,Cardinalis cardinalis, as Indicators of Condition
Authors: Jawor Jodie M. , Breitwisch Randall 
Published: December 2004

AbstractInvestigations of male ornaments in the context of sexual selection have tended to focus on single ornaments, although many species of birds possess multiple ornaments. Understanding the evolution of multiple ornaments requires knowledge of correlations among ornaments in the same individual and the extent to which ornament expression reflects individual condition and behavior. Variation in four male ornaments in socially monogamous, biparental northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) was related to body size, indices of condition, level of paternal care, and reproductive success. Redness of breast plumage positively predicted body size and negatively predicted nestling feeding rate. Bill color predicted current body condition, with birds with redder bills in better condition. Birds with smaller black face masks had greater reproductive success. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that different ornaments in male cardinals provide information on different aspects of condition and behavior.
Testing Magnetic Orientation in a Solitary Subterranean Rodent Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Octodontidae)
Authors: Schleich Cristian E. , Antinuchi Carlos D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTo test for the hypothesis that Ctenomys talarum can use the earth's magnetic field for spatial orientation, we carried out field and laboratory experiments to analyse if C. talarum burrows present any geomagnetic orientation in their natural habitat, if C. talarum show any spontaneous directional preference when starting to excavate their burrows and if this subterranean rodent is capable to use the earth's magnetic field to orient towards a goal in a complex maze. No correlation between the burrowing direction and the earth's magnetic field was found. We could not find any evidence for any spontaneous directional preference when starting to excavate the burrows in C. talarum. The change of the horizontal vector of the geomagnetic field did not affect the ability of this rodent to orient towards a goal in an artificial labyrinth. Explanations for these results and other possible mechanisms of orientation that could be used by C. talarum are discussed.
Association of positive serum anti‐p53 antibodies with poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients
Authors: GUMUS EYUP , ERDAMAR SIBEL , DEMIREL GULDEREN , HORASANLI KAYA , KENDIRCI MUAMMER , MIROGLU CENGIZ 
Published: December 2004

Abstract  Aims  To assess the association of serum anti‐p53 antibodies and overexpression of tumor p53 protein with survival and prognostic factors in patients with urinary bladder tumors.Methods  Seventy‐six patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were assessed prospectively (Ta, 18; T1, 30; ≥T2, 28). Serum anti‐p53 antibodies were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor p53 gene overexpression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The mean follow‐up time was 34 months.Results:  Serum anti‐p53 antibodies were positive in 25 patients (33%). Overexpression of tumor p53 protein was positive in 41 patients (54%). There was an association between the presence of serum anti‐p53 antibodies and tumor p53 gene overexpression (P = 0.001). The total survival of the patients with positive serum anti‐p53 antibodies was shorter than the patients with positive tumor p53 gene overexpression (P < 0.001, P = 0.344, respectively). In the multivariate survival analysis, both tumor stage and serum‐p53 antibodies were found to be independent survival predictors (P = 0.004, P = 0.006, respectively).Conclusion  Serum anti‐p53 antibody positive tumors had a worse prognosis than those with negative serum levels, regardless of the p53 status of the tumor.
Reduction of advanced glycation end‐product (AGE) levels in nervous tissue proteins of diabetic Lewis rats following islet transplants is related to different durations of poor metabolic control
Authors: Sensi Maurizio , Morano Susanna , Morelli Stefania , Castaldo Paola , Sagratella Elisabetta , De Rossi Maria Grazia , Andreani Domenico , Caltabiano Vera , Vetri Mario , Purrello Francesco , Di Mario Umberto 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are irreversible compounds which, by abnormally accumulating over proteins as a consequence of diabetic hyperglycaemia, can damage tissues and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. This study was performed to evaluate whether restoration of euglycaemia by islet transplantation modifies AGE accumulation in central and peripheral nervous tissue proteins and, as a comparison, in proteins from a non‐nervous tissue. Two groups of streptozotocin diabetic inbred Lewis rats with 4 (T1) or 8 (T2) months disease duration were grafted into the liver via the portal vein with 1200–1500 islets freshly isolated from normal Lewis rats. Transplanted rats, age‐matched control and diabetic rats studied in parallel, were followed for a further 4‐month period. At study conclusion, glycaemia, glycated haemoglobin and body weight were measured in all animals, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed in transplanted rats. AGE levels in cerebral cortex, spinal cord, sciatic nerve proteins and tail tendon collagen were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transplanted animal OGTTs were within normal limits, as were glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin. Diabetic animal AGEs were significantly higher than those of control animals. Protein AGE values were reduced in many transplanted animals compared to diabetic animals, reaching statistical significance in spinal cord (P < 0.05), sciatic nerve (P < 0.02) and tail tendon collagen (P < 0.05) of T1 animals. Thus, return to euglycaemia following islet transplantation after 4 months of diabetes with poor metabolic control reduces AGE accumulation rate in the protein fractions of the mixed and purely peripheral nervous tissues (spinal cord and sciatic nerve, respectively). However, after a double duration of bad metabolic control, a statistically significant AGE reduction has not been achieved in any of the tissues, suggesting the importance of an early therapeutic intervention to prevent the possibly pathological accumulation of AGEs in nervous and other proteins.
MuSC, a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed in neurons of a subset of cranial sensory ganglia in the mouse embryo
Authors: Sekine‐Aizawa Yoko , Omori Akira , Fujita Shinobu C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn contrast to the spinal sensory ganglia which reiterate a basic organizational and functional unit, each cranial ganglion mediates a distinct sensory modality and exhibits a characteristic pattern of peripheral and central neuronal connectivity. Molecules responsible for establishment and maintenance of the cranial ganglion‐specific networks are not known. Our hamster monoclonal antibody 802C11 strongly stained neurons and their processes of the VIIIth cranial ganglion (hearing and equilibrium), but not of the Vth cranial (somatosensory) or spinal ganglia in the mouse embryo. The cellular staining pattern of positive neurons suggested that the antigen was associated with the cell membrane, and biochemical analyses of the antigen from adult mouse brain showed the antigen to be a glycosylated intrinsic membrane protein of ≈100 kDa. The antigen was purified, and based on the partial amino acid sequences, its entire cDNA was cloned. A bacterially expressed polypeptide encoded by the cDNA was recognized by the antibody. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the antigen belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily with a significant homology (73.5% identity) to chicken SC1 protein. Chicken SC1 has been shown to be a cell–cell adhesion molecule in vitro with a proposed role in neurite extension of spinal motor neurons. These results suggest that our murine SC1‐related protein (MuSC) is involved in the pathfinding and/or fasciculation of specific cranial sensory nerve fibres.