bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the barriers faced by obstetricians and registrars in screening or enquiry of intimate partner violence in pregnancy: A systematic review of the primary evidence
Authors: Lu Corrine , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Baloch Surriya , Walton‐Sonda Dianne , Hegarty Kelsey , Sethna Farah , Brown Nick A.T. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionally affects women compared to men. The impact of IPV is amplified during pregnancy. Screening or enquiry in the antenatal outpatient setting regarding IPV has been fraught with barriers that prevent recognition and the ability to intervene.AimsThe aim of this systematic review was to determine the barriers that face obstetricians/gynaecologists regarding enquiry of IPV in antenatal outpatient settings. The secondary objective was to determine facilitators.MethodsPrimary evidence was searched using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Maternity and Infant Care, PubMed and Proquest from 1993 to May 2023. The included studies comprised empirical studies published in English language targeting a population of doctors providing antenatal outpatient care. The review was PROSPERO‐registered (CRD42020188994). Independent screening and review was performed by two authors. The findings were analysed thematically.ResultsNine studies addressing barriers and two studies addressing facilitators were included: three focus‐group or semi‐structured interviews, six surveys and two randomised controlled trials. Barriers for providers centred at the system level (time, training), provider level (personal beliefs, cultural bias, experience) and provider‐perceived patient level (fear of offending, patient readiness to disclose). Increased experience and the use of validated tools were strong facilitators.ConclusionBarriers to screening reflect multi‐level obstruction to the identification of women exposed to IPV. Although the antenatal outpatient clinic setting addresses a particular population vulnerable to IPV, the barriers for obstetricians are not unique. The use of validated cueing tools provides an evidence‐based method to facilitate enquiry of IPV among antenatal women, assisting in identification by clinicians. Together with education and human resources, such aids build capacity in women and obstetric providers.
Fetal sex and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in gravidae with multiple gestation pregnancies
Authors: Sassin Alexa M. , Sangi‐Haghpeykar Haleh , Aagaard Kjersti M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is an increasing incidence of pregnancies with twin gestations. One outcome more likely to occur with multiple gestations is gestational diabetes mellitus. Studies have suggested that in singleton pregnancies, fetal sex may affect insulin resistance. However, the effects of fetal sex in twins and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus are unknown. We hypothesized that rates of gestational diabetes mellitus and degree of insulin resistance might vary in twin gestations based on the fetal sex pairing: male–male, male–female or female–female. We aimed to employ a large population‐based database to ascertain any correlations between fetal sex and gestational diabetes mellitus in multifetal gestations.Material and methodsA two‐hospital, single academic institution database comprised of over 39 000 participants with pregnancy data from August 2011 to January 2022 was employed. All twin deliveries of live‐born neonates >24 weeks’ gestational age from gravidae without preexisting diabetes or twin–twin transfusion syndrome were included. Entries were then grouped based on the fetal sex of the pairing. The presence or absence of gestational diabetes and type of gestational diabetes – diet‐controlled (gestational diabetes mellitus classification A1) vs medication‐controlled (gestational diabetes mellitus classification A2) – were identified. Statistical analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed method, and a P‐value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsWe identified 1924 twin deliveries that met the inclusion criteria in our database (male–male =652; male–female = 638; female–female = 634). We found no association between fetal sex pairing and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. There was a significant association between the fetal sex pairing and the type of gestational diabetes mellitus developed, with 32.0% of male–male twins, 33.3% of male–female twins and 58.3% of the female–female twin deliveries associated with medication‐controlled gestational diabetes classification A2: male–female vs female–female (P = 0.05) and male–male vs female–female (P = 0.046).ConclusionsWhile gestational diabetes mellitus is of multifactorial origin, we found a significant association between the fetal sex pairing and the treatment needed for gravidae with twins who develop gestational diabetes mellitus. A higher proportion of female–female twins was associated with gestational diabetes classification A2 compared with male–female or male–male deliveries. Further research on the physiology driving this association is warranted.
How can we better evaluate paediatric progression of myopia and associated risk factors? Lessons from the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Lau Jerrald , Koh Wei‐Ling , Ng Janelle Shaina , Lee Daphne , Peh Cherie Hui , Lam Janice , Tan Ker‐Kan , Koh Victor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, home‐based and remote learning—particularly using electronic devices—was rapidly pushed out. Increased near‐work, screen time exposure and lack of outdoor time are risk factors that contribute to childhood myopia, but it is difficult to adopt recommendations from prior publications as a consistent limitation in the literature is the heterogeneity of research methodology. This review seeks to systematically evaluate how observational studies published during the pandemic have quantified and measured risk factors and myopia in school‐going children and adolescents.MethodsThree scientific databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus) were systematically searched from March 2020 to April 2022. Findings from relevant studies were descriptively summarised in relation to the PICOS‐based objective of the review.ResultsThe final sample of 13 studies included research from six countries and comprised 1 411 908 children and adolescents. The majority of studies (N = 10; 76.9%) used spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of −0.5 dioptres or lower as a common definition of myopia. Most studies (77.8%) measuring screen time exposure found it higher during COVID‐19 compared to pre‐COVID, but only one study used objective measurement of screen time. The average critical appraisal score of the sample was only 66.1%, with a considerable number of studies failing to identify and adjust for potential confounders.ConclusionFuture studies should consider emergent objective and validated measures of risk factors, account for potential a priori confounders and covariates and ensure more representativeness in the sociodemographic makeup of their samples.
Effect of sovereign wealth funds in commodity‐exporting economies when commodity prices affect interest spreads
Authors: Kitano Shigeto , Takaku Kenya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe reconsider the role of a sovereign wealth fund in commodity‐exporting economies facing recent volatile fluctuations of commodity prices due to the COVID‐19 shock. We examine the welfare‐improving effect of a sovereign wealth fund from the new perspective of the link between commodity prices and interest rate spreads, which is unique to emerging economies. We show that a sovereign wealth fund becomes more effective in improving welfare for commodity‐exporting economies with a stronger link between their commodity prices and interest rate spreads.
Vegetation patch dynamics in rangelands: How feedbacks between large herbivores, vegetation and soil fauna alter patches over space and through time
Authors: Smit Christian , Buyens Isabelle P. R. , le Roux Peter C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimLarge herbivore grazing is a popular conservation management tool to promote vegetation structural diversity of rangelands. However, vegetation patch dynamics, that is, how patches of grazing‐defended tall vegetation and grazer‐preferred short lawns shift over space and time, is poorly understood. Here, we describe a new conceptual framework for patch dynamics within rangelands, combining theories of classical cyclical succession, self‐organization and multitrophic feedbacks between grazers, vegetation and bioturbating soil fauna.LocationWe use the cattle‐grazed salt marsh of the island Schiermonnikoog, The Netherlands, as a model system. The grazed salt marsh is characterized by distinct tall vegetation patches dominated by the grazing‐defended rush Juncus maritimus and grazing‐intolerant grass Elytrigia atherica, surrounded by a matrix of grazing lawn (dominated by Festuca rubra).The FrameworkBased on previous observational and experimental studies, we propose a cyclical patch dynamic where plant species composition and structure transitions through four phases: patch initiation (a) occurs when the grazing‐defended rush J. maritimus establishes in the grazed lawn. Patch establishment (b) follows when the grazing‐intolerant grass E. atherica establishes in the patch due to associational defence by J. maritimus and produces a large amount of litter that attracts the key bioturbating amphipod Orchestia gammarellus. Patch expansion (c) occurs when O. gammarellus activities improve soil properties of the patch, which favours E. atherica growth, leading to E. atherica competitively displacing J. maritimus in the centre of the patch. Patch degeneration (d) follows when cattle enter the enlarged patch to consume E. atherica in the centre, trample the soil, displace O. gammarellus and decrease vegetation cover, opening space for grazing‐lawn species to invade. The cycle restarts when remnants of the rush J. maritimus in the degenerated patches (or individuals recently established from seed dispersal) initiate new patches in the grazing lawn.SynthesisOur proposed patch‐dynamic model provides a means to describe the mechanisms driving vegetation patch dynamics and serves as a foundation for further experimental and observational exploration, not only for this specific system, but more generally for grazed systems worldwide that show patches of typical grazing‐defended and grazer‐preferred vegetation.
A Day in the Life of Design—at the US Digital Service
Authors: Chisnell Dana 
Published: October 2023

She came in as a design researcher from the private sector. Now she's one of a team helping to bring user‐centered design to government agencies. She sees the USDS as an important place for designers to be, and to make themselves known.Even the daily planning meeting wasn't able to kill the sheer pleasure of seeing design make a difference in the working life of The Business.
Learning from Nature: Design Drives Evolution
Authors: Lam Busayawan , Fininis Nikolaos 
Published: October 2023

Consider: An organization is like a living organism. It grows and evolves and finds ways to adapt to change. It interacts with its environment and sometimes develops symbiotic relationships with other organisms. How can design help organizations evolve from the inside and adapt to changes in what's outside?An organization is much like a living organism; it's an open system that can learn to adapt to changes in its environment. What do Darwin's theory, organizational theory, and design management have to say about organizational survival?
Conserve the open media ecosystem! Legal and ethical considerations when using online repositories for AI training in ecological research
Authors: Lilkendey Julian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEcological researchers who train Artificial Intelligence models using digital media have to be cognizant of legal and ethical implications when sourcing such content from online repositories. The way forward? Complying with Creative Commons licensing requirements, obtaining consent from media creators and adhering to FAIR data principles. Collective action from researchers, repositories, licence providers, and legislators is needed to conserve this complex open media ecosystem. This way, we can continue to develop innovative applications to address pressing ecological issues while maintaining the trust of content creators and respecting the legal and ethical framework of online media use.
Bringing equine adipose tissue into focus
Authors: McCullagh Sophie , Keen John , Dosi Miranda , Morgan Ruth 
Published: October 2023

SummaryAdipose tissue is not only required for energy storage but is an essential endocrine organ with a central role in the pathology of obesity. The understanding of its role, both in human and equine medicine, is continually evolving. With obesity being an ever‐growing problem in equine populations, gaining owner compliance is critical when implementing management plans. The aim of this review is to encourage the inclusion of the concept of adiposity in discussions with horse owners on obesity and metabolic syndrome. In doing this, we hope to improve clients' understanding and, therefore, maximise the impact of diagnostic tests, monitoring tools and management.
Increasing hepatitis B vaccination coverage and decreasing hepatitis B co‐infection prevalence among people with HIV‐1 in Germany, 1996–2019. Results from a cohort study primarily in men who have sex with men
Authors: Krings A. , Schmidt D. , Kollan C. , Meixenberger K. , Bannert N. , Münstermann D. , Tiemann C. , Bremer V. , Gunsenheimer‐Bartmeyer B. ,   the German HIV‐1 Seroconverter Study Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesViral hepatitis co‐infection among people living with HIV is known to accelerate the progression of liver disease and AIDS. An increased prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among people living with HIV demands continuous monitoring to adapt targeted prevention strategies to reach the global goals of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat.MethodsWe determined the prevalence and incidence of HBV for the years 1996–2019 from yearly blood sample testing and questionnaire reports among people living with HIV belonging to a nationwide, multicentre observational, prospective cohort study.ResultsAmong this study population of 3479 participants, the majority (87%) indicated that being men who have sex with men (MSM) was their likely HIV transmission route; 51% were recruited from Berlin. HBV prevalence for acute/chronic and resolved infections decreased from 4.1% and 45% in 1996–1999 to 1.3% and 16% in 2019, respectively. Simultaneously, participants with a serological status indicating HBV vaccination increased from 25% in 1996–1999 to 69% in 2019. Among vaccinated participants with relevant information (n = 1135), 38% received their first HBV vaccination after HIV infection. The HBV incidence rate in 565 eligible participants decreased from 6.9/100 person‐years in 2004–2007 to 0.45/100 person‐years in 2015.ConclusionIncreasing vaccination coverage because of a general HBV vaccination recommendation and catch‐up vaccination efforts among risk groups decreased HBV infection prevalence over time among this study population of people living with HIV, primarily MSM and from Berlin. Despite this success, the prevalence and incidence of HBV remains higher than in the general population in Germany. This emphasizes the need for continued HBV prevention by promoting HBV vaccination and HBV screening at regular intervals based on the individual risk behaviour.
A comparative evaluation of three consecutive artificial intelligence algorithms released by Techcyte for identification of blasts and white blood cells in abnormal peripheral blood films
Authors: Lincz Lisa F. , Makhija Karan , Attalla Khaled , Scorgie Fiona E. , Enjeti Anoop K. , Prasad Ritam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionDigital pathology artificial intelligence (AI) platforms have the capacity to improve over time through “deep machine learning.” We have previously reported on the accuracy of peripheral white blood cell (WBC) differential and blast identification by Techcyte (Techcyte, Inc., Orem, UT, USA), a digital scanner‐agnostic web‐based system for blood film reporting. The aim of the current study was to compare AI protocols released over time to assess improvement in cell identification.MethodsWBC differentials were performed using Techcyte's online AI software on the same 124 digitized abnormal peripheral blood films (including 64 acute and 22 chronic leukaemias) in 2019 (AI1), 2020 (AI2), and 2022 (AI3), with no reassignment by a morphologist at any time point. AI results were correlated to the “gold standard” of manual microscopy, and comparison of Lin's concordance coefficients (LCC) and sensitivity and specificity of blast identification were used to determine the superior AI version.ResultsAI correlations (r) with manual microscopy for individual cell types ranged from 0.50–0.90 (AI1), 0.66–0.86 (AI2) and 0.71–0.91 (AI3). AI3 concordance with manual microscopy was significantly improved compared to AI1 for identification of neutrophils (LCC AI3 = 0.86 vs. AI1 = 0.77, p = 0.03), total granulocytes (LCC AI3 = 0.92 vs. AI1 = 0.82, p = 0.0008), immature granulocytes (LCC AI3 = 0.67 vs. AI1 = 0.38, p = 0.0014), and promyelocytes (LCC AI3 = 0.53 vs. AI1 = 0.16, p = 0.0008). Sensitivity for blast identification (n = 65 slides) improved from 97% (AI1), to 98% (AI2), to 100% (AI3), while blast specificity decreased from 24% (AI1), to 14% (AI2) to 12% (AI3).ConclusionTechcyte AI has shown significant improvement in cell identification over time and maintains high sensitivity for blast identification in malignant films.
Nurses' COVID‐19‐related fear and anxiety and their attitudes to the COVID‐19 vaccine: A descriptive and correlational study
Authors: Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan , Erdal Aysun , Kacar Dilek , Kayan Sultan , Ersoy Tuğçe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused psychological distress such as anxiety and fear among nurses worldwide. Nurses are a creditable source of vaccine‐related information and have a primary role in building confidence regarding vaccines.AimThe present study was designed to investigate the fear and anxiety of nurses regarding novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and their attitudes towards the COVID‐19 vaccine. The predictors of fear, anxiety and attitudes towards the vaccine were also investigated.MethodsA descriptive and correlational design was used. The study was conducted in three public hospitals from different parts of the Turkey, and 405 nurses from the three hospitals were recruited by stratified sampling.ResultsAnxiety and negative attitudes towards the vaccine were positively related to fear of COVID‐19. Age and fear were also positively associated with anxiety related to COVID‐19. Nurses who had received the vaccine and those who were fearful had a positive attitude towards the vaccine.ConclusionPsychosocial support programmes should be implemented to improve psychological resilience and coping strategies in nurses and organized education programmes are needed to increase positive attitudes towards vaccination.
A robotic venous leg ulcer system reveals the benefits of negative pressure wound therapy in effective fluid handling
Authors: Orlov Aleksei , Ciliberti Marino , Somma Rosa , Gefen Amit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe applied a market‐leading, single‐use negative pressure wound therapy device to a robotic venous leg ulcer system and compared its fluid handling performance with that of standard of care, superabsorbent and foam dressings and compression therapy. For each tested product, we determined a metrics of retained, residual, evaporated and (potential) leaked fluid shares, for three exudate flow regimes representing different possible clinically relevant scenarios. The single‐use negative pressure wound therapy system under investigation emerged as the leading treatment option in the aspects of adequate fluid handling and consistent delivery of therapeutic‐level wound‐bed pressures. The superabsorbent dressing performed reasonably in fluid handling (resulting in some pooling but no leakage), however, it quickly caused excessive wound‐bed pressures due to swelling, after less than a day of simulated use. The foam dressing exhibited the poorest fluid handling performance, that is, pooling in the wound‐bed as well as occasional leakage, indicating potential inflammation and peri‐wound skin maceration risks under real‐world clinical use conditions. These laboratory findings highlight the importance of advanced robotic technology as contemporary means to simulate patient and wound behaviours and inform selection of wound care technologies and products, in ways that are impossible to achieve if relying solely on clinical trials and experience.
Understanding the effect of video conferencing learning environments on students' engagement: The role of basic psychological needs
Authors: Shi Yafei , Cheng Qi , Wei Yantao , Tong Mingwen , Yao Huang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundVideo conferencing learning offers a more accessible and flexible learning mode for students who cannot attend face‐to‐face class in person. However, research about the video conferencing learning is still lacked, especially for students' engagement in this setting.ObjectivesThis study adopts the self‐system model of motivational development to uncover effects of the video conferencing learning environment (VCLE) to students' engagement.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety‐eight primary school students involved in the VCLE were surveyed. The partial least square structural equation modelling was employed to explore the link between the VCLE and students' engagement with a mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS).Results and ConclusionsResults showed that the BPNS played a mediating role in the processes from the VCLE to engagement. Both pedagogical and social affordance had a significant effect on the BPNS. However, their influences were different. Specifically, pedagogical affordance yielded a stronger effect on the BPNS for autonomy than social affordance. The predicting power of social affordance on BPNS for relatedness and competence was stronger than pedagogical affordance. Generally, social affordance yielded more contributions to behavioral and emotional engagement than pedagogical affordance. Moreover, BPNS for competence was the only significant mediator between the VCLE and behavioral engagement, and it owned the strongest mediating power on the relationship between the VCLE and emotional engagement, followed by autonomy, and the smallest of relatedness. This study suggests that practitioners and researchers should give more consideration to improve social affordance of the VCLE and to meet students' BPNS especially for competence in order to design and implement an engaged video conferencing course.