bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pits on Jupiter-family Comets and the Age of Cometary Surfaces
Authors: Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurélie , Benseguane Selma , Martinien Laurine , Lasue Jérémie , Besse Sébastien , Grieger Björn , Beth Arnaud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Large and deep depressions, also known as pits, are observed at the surface of all Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) imaged by spacecraft missions. They offer the opportunity to glimpse the subsurface characteristics of comet nuclei and study the complex interplay between surface structures and cometary activity. This work investigates the evolution of pits at the surface of 81P/Wild 2, 9P/Tempel 1, and 103P/Hartley 2, in continuation of the work by Benseguane et al. on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Pits are selected across the surface of each nucleus, and high-resolution shape models are used to compute the energy they receive. A thermal evolution model is applied to constrain how cometary activity sustained under current illumination conditions could modify them. Similar to what was found for 67P, we show that erosion resulting from water-driven activity is primarily controlled by seasonal patterns that are unique to each comet as a consequence of their shape and rotational properties. However, progressive erosion sustained after multiple perihelion passages is not able to carve any of the observed pits. Instead, cometary activity tends to erase sharp morphological features; they become wider and shallower over time. Our results reinforce the evolutionary sequence evidenced from independent measurables to transform “young” cometary surfaces, with sharp surface topography prone to outbursts, into “old” cometary surfaces. Finally, we suggest that the mechanism at the origin of the pits on JFCs should be able to carve these structures in a region of the solar system where water ice does not sublimate; the Centaur phase thus appears critical to understand JFC surface properties.
La recherche technologique, un enjeu pour les biothérapies et leur bioproduction
Authors: Chaton Patrick , Maillere Bernard , Jacq François 
Published: November 2023

Le génie génétique et l’ingénierie moléculaire et cellulaire ont été à l’origine des premiers biomédicaments – médicaments produits par des cellules vivantes, objets considérablement plus complexes que les petites molécules organiques synthétisées par voie chimique – qui viennent compléter utilement l’offre thérapeutique. Les enjeux autour de ces biomédicaments sont nombreux avec des aspects liés à leur sécurité et leur efficacité qui sont évaluées lors des phases cliniques. Mais une autre dimension ne doit pas être négligée, celle de l’apport de la recherche technologique (RT) qui permet de trouver de nouvelles biomolécules et d’accompagner leurs processus de développement et d’industrialisation pour permettre leur accès au plus grand nombre. Les organismes de RT constituent ainsi des acteurs incontournables dans l’écosystème d’innovation sur une problématique porteuse d’enjeux de souveraineté.
Quel rôle pour la recherche et l’innovation académique dans le domaine des biothérapies et de leur bioproduction ? Présentation du Programme et Équipements Prioritaires de Recherche (PEPR). Biothérapies et bioproduction de thérapies innovantes
Authors: Martinat Cécile , Jouvenceau Anne , Junot Christophe 
Published: November 2023

Le Programme et Équipements Prioritaires de Recherche (PEPR) Biothérapies et bioproduction de thérapies innovantes (BBTI) constitue l’une des premières phases de la stratégie nationale autour des biothérapies et de la bioproduction. L’enjeu de ce PEPR est de contribuer à positionner la France en acteur majeur dans ce domaine sur le plan international en facilitant le passage de la recherche académique à l’innovation, puis au prototypage. Piloté par l’INSERM et le CEA pour une durée de 7 ans et doté d’un budget de 80 M€, le PEPR BBTI a pour ambition de fédérer la communauté nationale de recherche publique en liaison étroite avec les acteurs industriels et du monde hospitalier autour de deux axes : (i) les défis technologiques associés à la production et au déploiement des biothérapies actuelles et (ii) préparer les futures biothérapies innovantes en développant leurs modalités de production.
Sanofi relève les défis de la bioproduction
Authors: Volckmann Jacques 
Published: November 2023

Sanofi est le leader français des biomédicaments, tant en termes de capacités de production que de richesse des modalités thérapeutiques commercialisées ou en cours d’étude dans de nombreux domaines : oncologie, immuno-inflammation, neurologie. L’engagement du laboratoire en bioproduction repose sur la longue expertise de son entité « Vaccins », associée à l’accélération de l’acquisition et du développement interne de modalités thérapeutiques originales, pour faire des biologiques un des piliers de croissance du groupe. Cette évolution stratégique, initiée dans les années 2000, a nécessité et nécessite toujours de répondre à de multiples défis scientifiques, technologiques et organisationnels, liés aux spécificités des médicaments issus du vivant. Sanofi a su apporter de premières réponses à ces grands enjeux et continue à investir, innover et diversifier ses approches tout au long de la chaîne de valeur. Référent national, le laboratoire accompagne l’ensemble de la filière vers toujours plus d’excellence et de compétitivité, au bénéfice du système de santé et des patients. Dans ce contexte, renforcer les collaborations entre organismes publics et privés est une des clés qui permettra de dégager les synergies nécessaires à une accélération du déploiement de capacités industrielles dans le domaine des biotechnologies, pour faire de la France le premier acteur européen du secteur à l’horizon 2030.
L’ARN messager de Moderna : une révolution thérapeutique
Authors: Bancel Stéphane 
Published: November 2023

Moderna est un des précurseurs de l’ARNm, une technologie médicale sur laquelle elle travaille depuis plus de 10 ans, avec aujourd’hui 43 programmes de dont 34 sont en phase d’essai clinique. Au cours des cinq prochaines années, Moderna prévoit de lancer jusqu’à 15 nouveaux produits répondant à des besoins médicaux non satisfaits importants. L’ARNm est une technologie thérapeutique qui donne des instructions aux cellules du corps humains, pour que ces dernières fabriquent la protéine qui permettra de lutter contre un pathogène dans le cadre d’un vaccin, avant d’être rapidement éliminé par l’organisme.
Dubaï sur orbite
Authors: Assaf Laure 
Published: November 2023

Inauguré à Dubaï en 2022, le musée du Futur est un musée sans œuvres ni collections. Plongeant le visiteur au sein de scénarios spéculatifs, son objectif affiché est de susciter l’optimisme envers l’avenir. Si les défis exposés sont bien ceux annoncés par les sciences contemporaines – réchauffement climatique, extinction de masse, diminution des ressources – les solutions proposées relèvent toutes de l’innovation technologique, secteur central d’investissement pour le gouvernement émirien. Dans un contexte marqué par la préparation de l’ère post-pétrole, le futur apparaît ainsi comme quelque chose à créer plutôt qu’à prédire, et le musée comme un lieu où s’éprouvent les « visions » des dirigeants.
Futurs alpins
Authors: Nova Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Futurologie distincte de la prospective, le jeu de rôle d’anticipation repose sur deux modalités de suggestion de futurs possibles. Il retient à la fois la logique de présentation de bribes d’altérités comme dans les œuvres de science-fiction, et le fait de les mobiliser dans une performance orale et ludique qui occasionne en général surprises, débordements, et trajectoires imprévues. Cette contribution illustre une telle approche en présentant la conception, les usages et les implications de Chamonix-Sentinelles, un jeu d’aventure qui propose de se projeter dans les futurs modes de vie liés à la crise environnementale actuelle dans la vallée alpine du même nom.
STAT3 Deficiency Alters the Macrophage Activation Pattern and Enhances Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression during Staphylococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Farmand Susan , Sender Vicky , Karlsson Jens , Merkl Padryk , Normark Staffan , Henriques-Normark Birgitta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pulmonary infections. Patients with autosomal-dominant hyper-IgE syndrome due to STAT3 deficiency are particularly susceptible to acquiring staphylococcal pneumonia associated with lung tissue destruction. Because macrophages are involved in both pathogen defense and inflammation, we investigated the impact of murine myeloid STAT3 deficiency on the macrophage phenotype in vitro and on pathogen clearance and inflammation during murine staphylococcal pneumonia. Murine bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM) from STAT3 LysMCre+ knockout or Cre− wild-type littermate controls were challenged with S. aureus, LPS, IL-4, or vehicle control in vitro. Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses as well as polarization and activation markers were analyzed. Mice were infected intratracheally with S. aureus, bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs were harvested, and immunohistofluorescence was performed on lung sections. S. aureus infection of STAT3-deficient BMDM led to an increased proinflammatory cytokine release and to enhanced upregulation of costimulatory MHC class II and CD86. Murine myeloid STAT3 deficiency did not affect pathogen clearance in vitro or in vivo. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 was upregulated in Staphylococcus-treated STAT3-deficient BMDM and in lung tissues of STAT3 knockout mice infected with S. aureus. Moreover, the expression of miR-155 was increased. The enhanced inflammatory responses and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and miR-155 expression in murine STAT3-deficient as compared with wild-type macrophages during S. aureus infections may contribute to tissue damage as observed in STAT3-deficient patients during staphylococcal pneumonia.
Gut flora in multiple sclerosis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wang Ying , Zhu Mingqin , Liu Kangding , Zhang Hong-Liang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Although current first-line therapies can help manage symptoms and slow down disease progression, there is no cure for multiple sclerosis. The gut-brain axis refers to complex communications between the gut flora and the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems, which bridges the functions of the gut and the brain. Disruptions in the gut flora, termed dysbiosis, can lead to systemic inflammation, leaky gut syndrome, and increased susceptibility to infections. The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and gut flora may play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses related to multiple sclerosis. To develop more effective therapies for multiple sclerosis, we should further uncover the disease processes involved in multiple sclerosis and gain a better understanding of the gut-brain axis. This review provides an overview of the role of the gut flora in multiple sclerosis.
Caesalpinia sappan reduces the stemness of breast cancer stem cells involving the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species
Authors: Jenie Riris Istighfari , Amalina Nur Dina , Hermawan Adam , Suzery Meiny , Putra Agung , Meiyanto Edy 
Published: November 2023

Background and purpose:
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) as a kind of tumor cells are able to regenerate themselves, leading to apoptosis resistance and cancer relapse. It was reported that BCSCs contain lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with stemness capability. Caesalpinia sappan has been proposed for its chemopreventive potency against several cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Caesalpinia sappan extract (CSE) on cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, ROS generation, and stemness markers of MDA-MB-231 and its BCSCs.

Experimental approach:

Caesalpinia sappan was extracted under maceration with methanol. Magnetic-activated cell sorting was used to isolate BCSCs based on CD44+ and CD24- cell surface expression. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxic effects of CSE on MDA-MB-231 and BCSCs. Moreover, flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, ROS level, and CD44/CD24 level. Using qRT-PCR, the gene expression of the stemness markers NANOG, SOX-2, OCT-4, and c-MYC was assessed.

Findings/Results:
We found that MDA-MB-231 contains 80% of the BCSCs population, and CSE showed more potent cytotoxicity toward BCSCs than MDA-MB-231. CSE caused apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and BCSCs cells by increasing the level of ROS. Furthermore, CSE significantly reduced the MDA-MB-231 stemness marker CD44+/CD24- and the mRNA levels of pluripotent markers of cells in BCSCs.

Conclusion and implications:
CSE potentially reduces BCSCs stemness, which may be mediated by the elevation of the ROS levels and reduction of the expression levels of stemness transcription.
The legacy of our care
Authors: Tenajas Rebeca , Miraut David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This academic poem is a tribute to the dedication and passion of the medical community. The poem paints a vivid picture of the day-to-day challenges and rewards experienced by healthcare professionals. Through evocative imagery, inspired by Dr. Jaideep C Menon’s work “The Seasons of Change”, it showcases the unwavering commitment of medical practitioners to patient care. It touches on the moments of triumph, the bonds formed, and the responsibilities shouldered by those in the medical field. By highlighting these aspects, the poem aims to offer gratitude to healthcare workers and shed light on the lasting impact they have on their patients’ lives.
Acute nicotine replacement therapy-related toxicity: A fallout of over-the-counter drug availability!
Authors: Khanna Arjun , Dhankar Mondeep , Pahuja Sourabh , Goel Isham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acute nicotine replacement associated toxicity is not reported often. India has a large number of smokers, who try over the counter nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) which is not effective most of the times. This unique case highlights a unique adverse effect of NRT where a young patient presented with symptoms of NRT associated nicotine toxicity.
Comparative analysis of pathological characteristics between endoscopic biopsy and postoperative pathology of early gastric cancer
Authors: Liao Guangjie , Li Lei 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the clinical value of endoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer by comparing the effect of preoperative gastroscopic biopsy with that of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)/surgical resection.

METHODS:
Ninety-two patients with early gastric cancer admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to June 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study objects. All patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent preoperative gastroscopy, pathological biopsy, and pathological examination after ESD/surgery, and the pathological diagnosis results before and after surgery were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS:
There were significant differences in the positive rate of early gastric cancer and the degree of tumor differentiation between preoperative gastroscopic biopsy and ESD/surgical pathologic examination (P < 0.05). Patients with differentiated gastric cancer were significantly more than patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer in gastroscopic biopsy group (P < 0.05). The numbers of papillary adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and other histopathological types between gastroscopic biopsy and postoperative pathology were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
There are some differences between gastroscopic biopsy and postoperative pathological results of early gastric cancer, which indicates that there is still needing improvement in the gastroscopic biopsy. In fact, the pathological results before and after surgery can be jointly judged in clinical practice to avoid misdiagnosis, which can provide effective guidance for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Association of Serum Vitamin D Level with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chowdhury Rubyat Hasan , Nessa Azimun , Mohibullah A. K. M. 
Published: November 2023

Context:
Numerous recent studies have found high rates of cardiovascular diseases among patients with lower levels of Vitamin D. This study seeks the pattern of Vitamin D level in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Aims:
This study aims to assess the association between serum Vitamin D level and Acute MI (AMI).

Subjects and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional analytical study, conducted for 6 months from January to June 2022 in the Department of Cardiology of BIRDEM. Fifty patients with evidence of AMI, both male and female, age ≥18-year, biomarker evidence of myocardial injury (elevated troponin I) enrolled in case group. Fifty attendants of the patients admitted in other specialties of the hospital and having no ischemic heart disease enrolled in the control group.

Statistical Analysis Used:

t test, odd ratio.

Results:
The mean plasma Vitamin D level in case group was 15.62 ± 8.56 and that of control group was 19.50 ± 7.04. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Severely deficient Vitamin D subjects were more likely to develop AMI than subjects who had normal/insufficient Vitamin D level in blood (odds ratio [OR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval for OR 1.03–7.03) (P < 0.05). Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were evident in diabetic patient compared to nondiabetic patient with a significant difference (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
From the study result, it is revealed that subjects with AMI in comparison to the control group had a significantly low Serum 25 (OH) Vitamin D level which may be a risk factor for developing AMI.
Correlation of Hemolysis by Plasma Hemoglobin with Biochemical Markers during Storage of Blood under Standard Conditions in the Blood Bank of a Tertiary Health-care Center
Authors: Gaur Parisha , Bhardwaj Aparna , Raturi Gaurav , Ahmed Saqib , Usmani Rana 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
Stored blood undergoes many metabolic, biochemical, and molecular changes known as storage lesions which are responsible for negative posttransfusion effects in recipients. This study aims to detect serial in vitro qualitative changes that occur during processing and blood storage including changes in plasma hemoglobin (Hb), plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and potassium levels and changes (fall) in pH of packed red blood cell at serial intervals under a standard condition of storage in the blood bank. This is a two year prospective study.

Methods:
Fifty donors were selected and blood units were collected and stored under blood bank conditions. Mean plasma Hb of stored blood was estimated by measuring the transmittance and absorbance of modified azide-methemoglobin and percentage hemolysis was calculated on days 0, 1, 7, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. Similarly, plasma LDH and plasma potassium levels were also assessed during storage.

Results:
It was noted that free Hb level and percentage hemolysis progressively increased with storage along with the level of LDH and potassium. However, the extent of hemolysis did not exceed the permissible limit of up to 42 days of storage.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that quantitative estimation of Hb is superior to the visual method for the determination of hemolysis. Hemolysis can be further reduced by additive solution saline, adenine, glucose, and mannitol and using di-2-ethyl hexyl pHthalate as s plasticizer in blood bags for storage.
Spectrum of Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions from Tertiary Cancer Center Over a 1-year Period
Authors: Fathima Valathuparambil Jalaludheen , Murugesan Mohandoss , Anju Radhakrishna Kurup 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) one of the serious adverse events manifesting within 24 h of blood transfusion. To review the adverse transfusion reactions in our cancer center over a 1-year period, especially HTR and its causation to find the ways of mitigating the same.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of HTR in tertiary care cancer center from South India. Patients who developed HTR in 2022 were included for discussion.

Results:
A total of six HTRs observed in five patients during 1 year. Case 1 was an acute presentation of HTR due to Anti Jka antibody. Case 2 was a nonimmune HTR associated with leukodepleted irradiated packed red blood cells transfusion. Case 3 was an incidental finding of passive hemolysis due to ABO incompatible platelet transfusion in patient clinically manifesting febrile and transfusion-associated dyspnea. Case 4 presented as an HTR with inconclusive evidence suggestive of HTR, with an impression of hemolysis as a part of the underlying disease.

Conclusion:
While the incidence of HTR due to ABO-incompatible transfusion reactions has been minimized, the other potential causes for acute HTR are still a concern. An effective hemovigiliance and strict adherence to standards in blood component practice may help to mitigate any form of transfusion reaction.
Necessity of Implementing Ferritin Testing for Regular Blood Donors – A Cross-sectional Analysis of Serum Ferritin Levels in Individuals Donating Blood at Various Frequencies in a Year at a Regional Blood Transfusion Center
Authors: Hameed Yameena , Shaiji P. S. , Meena D. 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
The virtuous act of blood donations should be encouraged and promoted by all means while safeguarding the well-being of the donor. If regular blood donations lead to iron store depletion in any individual, it may be identified and preventive measures should be taken. The current practice of hemoglobin (Hb) testing alone before donation may not detect the depletion of iron stores. Yet, a policy to introduce tests for iron stores and iron supplementation in regular donors requires extensive research in this area because of the cost and feasibility concerns. The objectives were to study the prevalence of subclinical anemia among voluntary blood donors using serum ferritin levels attending the blood transfusion center and to compare the average Hb and serum ferritin levels of donors across different age groups, gender, and donation frequencies.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done on 300 consecutively enrolled voluntary whole-blood donors (December 2018–November 2019) who fulfilled eligibility criteria. Donors were further divided into four groups, depending on their number of donations. Their samples were tested for Hb and serum ferritin to check for reduced body iron stores. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results:
A total of 300 regular voluntary donors were included in the study. 57.7% of donors were in the age group of 20–29 years, of which 83.33% were males. The total prevalence of subclinical anemia was 16%, in whom 54.2% were males and 45.8% were females. Out of the total female donors in our study (50), 44% suffered from subclinical anemia. Out of the total male donors in the study (250), 10.4% suffered from subclinical anemia. There was a significant association between frequency of donation and subclinical anemia (odds ratio [OR] =6.36, P < 0.001). There was a significant association between subclinical anemia across gender (high for females; OR = 6.76, P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the frequency of donation and serum ferritin (Spearman correlation coefficient: −0.299), but there was no correlation observed between the frequency of donation and Hb levels.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates the depletion of iron store with increasing donation frequency. This calls for continual supervision of body iron stores rather than Hb alone to ensure the continuous supply of healthy blood donors.