bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scoparia dulcis, a traditional antidiabetic plant, protects against streptozotocin induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Latha Muniappan , Pari Leelavinothan , Sitasawad Sandhya , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The experiments were performed on normal and experimental male Wistar rats treated with Scoparia dulcis plant extract (SPEt). The effect of SPEt was tested on streptozotocin (STZ) treated Rat insulinoma cell lines (RINm5F cells) and isolated islets in vitro. Administration of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis by intragastric intubation (po) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the blood glucose and lipid peroxidative marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with significant increase in the activities of plasma insulin, pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in streptozotocin diabetic rats at the end of 15 days treatment. Streptozotocin at a dose of 10 μg/mL evoked 6‐fold stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated islets indicating its insulin secretagogue activity. The extract markedly reduced the STZ‐induced lipidperoxidation in RINm5F cells. Further, SPEt protected STZ‐mediated cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production in RINm5F cells. Treatment of RINm5F cells with 5 mM STZ and 10 μg of SPEt completely abrogated apoptosis induced by STZ, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. Flow cytometric assessment on the level of intracellular peroxides using fluorescent probe 2′7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF‐DA) confirmed that STZ (46%) induced an intracellular oxidative stress in RINm5F cells, which was suppressed by SPEt (21%). In addition, SPEt also reduced (33%) the STZ‐induced apoptosis (72%) in RINm5F cells indicating the mode of protection of SPEt on RIN m5Fcells, islets, and pancreatic β‐cell mass (histopathological observations). Present study thus confirms antihyperglycemic effect of SPEt and also demonstrated the consistently strong antioxidant properties of Scoparia dulcis used in the traditional medicine. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:261–272, 2004 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20035
Possible neuroprotective effects of lecithin and α‐tocopherol alone or in combination against ischemia/reperfusion insult in rat brain
Authors: Aabdallah Dalaal M. , Eid Nihad I. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA close correlation exists between ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced insult and the release of free radicals. Lecithin is a polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine that corresponds to the phosphatidylcholine molecule. Phosphatidylcholines are high‐energy functional and structural elements of all biologic membranes. α‐Tocopherol is the major lipid‐soluble chain‐breaking antioxidant in the body tissues and effectively protects against neuronal damage. Therefore, we studied the effect of lecithin (300 mg/kg, p.o., 14 days) and α‐tocopherol (200 mg/kg, p.o., 14 days), alone or in combination, on the brain redox state during I/R. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to global ischemia by the occlusion of the two carotid arteries 24 h after the last dose of drug administration. Reperfusion was carried out 1 h after induction of ischemia and lasted for another hour. Brain lipid peroxides (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were assessed. The results showed that I/R elevated brain lipid peroxides content which was accompanied by a reduction in both antioxidant enzyme activities, however, brain GSH level remained unaltered. Lecithin, α‐tocopherol and their combination restored MDA content, as well as CAT activity with a slight tendency to normalize SOD activity. We conclude that lecithin has a possible neuroprotective effect partly through its antioxidant action which is comparable to that of α‐tocopherol. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:273–278, 2004 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20037
Safety and efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in patients with active ulcerative colitis: A multicenter study
Authors: Shimoyama Takashi , Sawada Koji , Hiwatashi Nobuo , Sawada Toshio , Matsueda Kei , Munakata Akihiro , Asakura Hitoshi , Tanaka Takao , Kasukawa Reiji , Kimura Ken , Suzuki Yasuo , Nagamachi Yukio , Muto Tetsuichiro , Nagawa Hirokazu , Iizuka Bun‐ei , Baba Shozo , Nasu Masaru , Kataoka Tatsuji , Kashiwagi Nobuhito , Saniabadi Abby R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractActive ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by activation and infiltration of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages into the colonic mucosa. The infiltrated leukocytes can cause mucosal damage by releasing degradative proteases, reactive oxygen derivatives, and proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this trial (conducted in 14 specialist centers) was to assess safety and efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in patients with active UC most of whom were refractory to conventional drug therapy. We used a new adsorptive type extracorporeal column (G‐1 Adacolumn) filled with cellulose acetate beads (carriers) of 2 mm in diameter, which selectively adsorb granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Patients (n = 53) received five apheresis sessions, each of 60 minutes duration, flow rate 30 ml per minute for 5 consecutive weeks in combination with 24.4 ± 3.60 mg prednisolone (mean ± SE per patient per day, baseline dose). During 60 minutes apheresis, 26% of granulocytes, 19.5% of monocytes and 2% of lymphocytes adsorbed to the carriers. At week 7, 58.5% of patients had remission or improved, the dose of prednisolone was reduced to 14.2 ± 2.25 mg (n = 37). The apheresis treatment was fairly safe, only eight non‐severe side effects (in 5 patients) were reported. Based on our results, we believe that in patients with active severe UC, patients who are refractory to conventional drugs, granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis is a useful adjunct to conventional therapy. This procedure should have the potential to allow tapering the dose of corticosteroids, shorten the time to remission and delay relapse. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:1‐9, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cryoprecipitate poor plasma does not improve early response in primary adult thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Authors: Zeigler Z.R. , Shadduck R.K. , Gryn Jeffrey F. , Rintels Peter B. , George James N. , Besa Emmanuel C. , Bodensteiner David , Silver Bernard , Kramer Robert E 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially fatal disease that is treated with plasma exchange and typically with replacement with fresh frozen plasma (FFP). This approach results in an approximate 50% response rate following 1 week of therapy and 80% survival. Cryoprecipitate poor plasma (CPP) is plasma from which the cryoprecipitate fraction is removed. CPP has been reported to be successful as salvage therapy in refractory TTP and has been suggested to be superior to FFP in retrospective studies. The present report compares initial therapy of TTP with exchange using replacement with either FFP or CPP in a multi‐institutional prospective randomized study performed by the North American TTP Group (NATG Group) from 1993 to 1995. Initial therapy also included corticosteroids. Antiplatelet drugs or vinca alkaloids were not employed. A severity score index, response score, and individual clinical parameters (platelet count, LDH × upper limit of normal, hemoglobin level, and creatinine) were compared at their nadir or peak values, baseline, and days +6 and +13 of therapy. Thirteen patients were randomized to FFP exchange and 14 to CPP exchange. Results were equivalent for all parameters. Survival was equal with three deaths in each group. These data indicate that the efficacy of FFP and CPP are the same in the initial treatment of TTP in adults. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:19–22, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD41+ and CD42+ hematopoietic progenitor cells may predict platelet engraftment after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Demirer T. , Ilhan O. , Arat M. , Genç Y. , Özcan M. , Dalva K. , Çelebi H. , Beksaç M. , Akan H. , Gürman G. , Konuk N. , Uysal A. , Arslan Ö. , Koç H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to quantify subpopulations of CD34+ cells such as CD41+ and CD42+ cells that might represent megakaryocyte (MK) precursors in peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections of normal, recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) primed donors and to determine whether there is a statistical association between the dose infused megakaryocytic precursors and the time course of the platelet recovery following an allogeneic PBSC transplantation. Twenty‐six patients with various hematologic malignancies transplanted from their HLA identical siblings between July 1997 and December 1999 were used. All patients except one with severe aplastic anemia who had cyclophosphamide (CY) alone received busulfan‐CY as preparative regimen and cyclosporine‐methotrexate for GVHD prophylaxis. Normal healthy donors were given rhG‐CSF 10 μg/kg/day subcutaneously twice daily and PBSCs were collected on days 5 and 6. The median number of infused CD34+, CD41+ and CD42+ cells were 6.61 × 106/kg (range 1.47–21.41), 54.85 × 104/kg (5.38–204.19), and 49.86 × 104/kg (6.82–430.10), respectively. Median days of ANC 0.5 × 109/L and platelet 20 × 109/L were 11.5 (range 9–15) and 13 (8–33), respectively. In this study, the number of CD41+ and CD42+ cells infused much better correlated than the number of CD34+ cells infused with the time to platelet recovery of 20 × 109/L in 26 patients receiving an allogeneic match sibling PBSC transplantation (r = −0.727 and P < 0.001 for CD41+ cells, r = −0.806 and P < 0.001 for CD42+ cells, r = −0.336 and P > 0.05 for CD34+ cells). There was an inverse correlation between the number of infused CD41+ and CD42+ cells and duration of platelet engraftment. Therefore, as the number of CD41+ and CD42+ cells increased, duration of platelet engraftment (time to reach platelet count of ≥ 20 × 109/L) shortened significantly. Based on this data we may conclude that flow cytometric measurement of CD41+ and CD42+ progenitor cells may provide an accurate indication of platelet reconstitutive capacity of the allogeneic PBSC transplant. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:67–73, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic studies during peripheral blood stem cell collection show CD34+ cell recruitment intra‐apheresis
Authors: Meldgaard Knudsen Lene , Nikolaisen Kirsten , Gaarsdal Eva , Johnsen Hans E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA sufficient number of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood stem cell product is important to achieve a rapid and sustained engraftment. The purpose of the present work was to study CD34+ cell kinetics during leukapheresis. Blood samples before and after leukapheresis were analysed for CD34+ cells in 205 procedures. The number of CD34+ cells after plus the number of CD34+ cells harvested was 1.5‐fold greater than the number available at the beginning of the procedure, indicating recruitment of CD34+ cells during leukapheresis. In a subgroup of 66 procedures, granulocytes and platelets were measured. In contrast to CD34+ cells, these cell fractions were not recruited to the blood stream during leukapheresis. An additional nine patients were studied with serial blood measurements during leukapheresis, showing an initial decline that was followed by an increase in CD34+ cells during leukapheresis. In conclusion, CD34+ cells are recruited to the blood during the leukapheresis procedure in contrast to granulocytes and platelets. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:114–119, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Light emission induced by tunneling electrons from surface nanostructures observed by novel conductive and transparent probes
Authors: Fujita Daisuke , Onishi Keiko , Niori Noriko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe have developed an ultrahigh‐vacuum low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) equipped with a near‐field optical detection system using novel conductive and optically transparent probes. Tunneling‐electron induced photons generated in a nanometer‐scale area just under the STM probe can be collected directly into the core of the optical fiber probe within the optical near‐field region. Firstly, optical fiber probes coated with indium‐tin‐oxide thin film are applied to quantitative analysis of p‐type GaAs(110) surface, where a decrease of light emission in photon mapping clearly extracts the existence of Zn accepter atoms located at the sub‐surface layers. Secondly, in order to enhance the efficiency for inelastic tunneling excitation of a tip‐induced plasmon mode, a STM probe coated with an Ag/ITO dual‐layer film has been developed and applied to an Ag(111) surface, where photon mapping with a step resolution has been achieved by near‐filed detection. Microsc. Res. Tech. 64:403–414, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a near‐field optical probe to locally launch surface plasmon polaritons on plasmonic waveguides: A study by the finite difference time domain method
Authors: Hwang B.S. , Kwon M.H. , Kim Jeongyong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe used the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to study the use of scanning near field optical microscopy (SNOM) to locally excite the nanometric plasmonic waveguides. In our calculation, the light is funneled through a SNOM probe with a sub‐wavelength optical aperture and is irradiated on one end of two types of plasmonic waveguides made of 50 nm Au sphere arrays and Au nanowires. The incident light was well localized at one end of the waveguides and consequently propagated toward the other end, due to the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. We found that the propagation length of the nanosphere array type waveguide varies from 100 to 130 nm depending on the light wavelength, the size of the probe aperture, and the launching heights. Our result shows that reducing the aperture size and using the light of the plasmon resonance wavelength of the nanosphere array could increase the propagation length and, thus, the efficiency of electromagnetic energy transportation through nanosphere arrays. Microsc. Res. Tech. 64:453–458, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the efficiency of microparticulate and monolithic capillary columns
Authors: Eeltink Sebastiaan , Decrop Wim M.C. , Rozing Gerard P. , Schoenmakers Peter J. , Kok Wim Th. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA comparison is made between the efficiency of microparticulate capillary columns and silica and polymer‐based monolithic capillary columns in the pressure‐driven (high‐performance liquid chromatography) and electro‐driven (capillary electrochromatography) modes. With packed capillary columns similar plate heights are possible as with conventional packed columns. However, a large variation is observed in the plate heights for individual columns. This can only be explained by differences in the quality of the packed bed. The minimum plate height obtained with silica monolithic capillary columns in the HPLC mode is approximately 10 μm, which is comparable to that of columns packed with 5‐μm particles. The permeability of wide‐pore silica monoliths was found to be much higher than that of comparable microparticulate columns, which leads to much lower pressure drops for the same eluent at the same linear mobile phase velocity. For polymer‐based monolithic columns (acrylamide, styrene/divinyl benzene, methacrylate, acrylate) high efficiencies have been found in the CEC mode with minimum plate heights between 2 and 10 μm. However, in the HPLC mode minimum plate heights in the range of 10 to 25 μm have been reported.
Prediction of occurrences of diverse chemical classes in the Asteraceae through artiﬁcial neural networks
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo J. P. , Brant Antônio J. C. , Ruﬁno Alessandra R. , Alvarenga Sandra A. V. , Magri Fátima M. M. , Emerenciano Vicente P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe training and the application of a neural network system for the prediction of occurrences of secondary metabolites belonging to diverse chemical classes in the Asteraceae is described. From a database containing about 604 genera and 28,000 occurrences of secondary metabolites in the plant family, information was collected encompassing nine chemical classes and their respective occurrences for training of a multi‐layer net using the back‐propagation algorithm. The net supplied as output the presence or absence of the chemical classes as well as the number of compounds isolated from each taxon. The results provided by the net from the presence or absence of a chemical class showed a 89% hit rate; by excluding triterpenes from the analysis, only 5% of the genera studied exhibited errors greater than 10%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on characterization of nano CaCO3 prepared by the in situ deposition technique and its application in PP‐nano CaCO3 composites
Authors: Mishra S. , Sonawane S. H. , Singh R. P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe elegant approach of in situ deposition technique was used for the synthesis of nano CaCO3. the nanosize of particles was confirmed by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for determination of the enthalpy. The nano CaCO3 polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by taking 2 and 10 wt % of different nanosizes (21–39 nm) of CaCO3. Conversion of the α phase to β was observed in the case of 2 wt % of a 30‐nm sized amount of CaCO3 in a PP composite. The decrement in ΔH and percent crystallinity, as well as the increment in melt temperature were recorded for 6 wt % nano CaCO3 with a decrease in nanosize from 39 to 21 nm. The increment in tensile strength with an increase in the amount of nano CaCO3 was observed, and the lower particle size showed greater improvement. The improvement in thermal and mechanical properties is because of the formation of a greater number of small spherulites uniformly present in the PP matrix. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 107–113, 2004
The description of size effects in films of order–disorder ferroelectrics on the basis of the renormalized free energy
Authors: Eliseev E. A. , Glinchuk M. D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFilms of order–disorder‐type ferroelectrics were considered in the mean‐field approximation of the Ising model taking into account the depolarization field and four‐dipole interactions. It was shown that this system could be described on the basis of the renormalized bulk system free energy with two‐dipole interaction constant dependent on the film thickness, surface and depolarization field characteristics. This led to the size‐driven phase transition between paraelectric and ferroelectric phases with transition temperature dependent on the film thickness. For small values of the four‐dipole interaction constant, the size‐driven crossover from the first‐order phase transition to the second‐order one with film‐thickness change was forecasted. An analytical expression for the tricritical point temperature and thickness was obtained. The increase of the four‐dipole interaction constant led to the first‐order phase‐transition existence independently of the film thickness, with the temperature region of the phases' coexistence widening with thickness decrease. The phase diagram in coordinates temperature–film thickness and the order parameter were calculated with the help of the derived free energy. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The electron‐gas pair density and its geminal representation I. The geminal weight and its singularities
Authors: Ziesche P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIt is shown how the momentum distribution n(k) of the homogeneous electron gas determines its geminal weight μ(k), which appears in the Kimball–Overhauser representation of the pair density g(r) and in the cumulant partitioning of the static structure factor S(q). The singularities of μ(k) at the k‐space origin k = 0 and at the Fermi surface k = 1 originate from the singularities of n(k) at k = 1. They cause the non‐oscillatory and oscillatory long‐range asymptotics of the Fock part in the cumulant partitioning of g(r), respectively, which are also contributed to by the cumulant pair density h(r). (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasi‐localized low‐frequency vibrational modes of disordered solids II. Study by single‐molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Naumov A. V. , Vainer Yu. G. , Bauer M. , Kador L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBy means of single molecule (SM) spectroscopy we investigated elementary matrix excitations in a disordered solid, i.e., quasi‐localized low‐frequency vibrational modes (LFMs). To this end we recorded the spectra of single tetra‐tert‐butylterrylene molecules embedded in an amorphous polyisobutylene matrix in a temperature region, where the LFM contribution to line broadening dominates. The individual param‐ eters of LFMs in a polymer glass can be determined from the temperature‐dependent linewidths of single molecules. The magnitude of the LFM contribution to SM spectra was obtained by the statistical analysis of the distribution of linewidths of SMs. Pronounced distributions of LFM frequencies and SM‐LFM coupling constants were found. This result can be regarded as the first direct experimental proof of the localized nature of LFMs. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phononic crystals
Authors: Page J. H. , Sukhovich Alexey , Yang Suxia , Cowan M. L. , Van Der Biest François , Tourin Arnaud , Fink Mathias , Liu Zhengyou , Chan C. T. , Sheng Ping 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPhononic crystals are periodic composite materials with lattice spacings comparable to the acoustic wavelength. They are of interest not only because of the profound effects of their periodic structure on wave propagation (e.g., the existence of acoustic band gaps), but also because of potential applications (e.g., their possible role in sound filters, transducer design and acoustic mirrors). In this paper, we summarize recent progress using ultrasonic experiments to investigate both two‐ and three‐dimensional phononic crystals. By measuring the ultrasonic wave field transmitted through slab‐shaped samples of different thicknesses, both the dispersion curves and amplitude transmission coefficient can be determined. Because the field is pulsed, the dynamics of the wave fields can also be investigated; this has allowed us to make a systematic study of ultrasonic wave tunneling in phononic crystals. New results on resonant tunneling, focussing and negative refraction phenomena in phononic crystals are also presented. Our data are well explained using Multiple Scattering Theory, giving additional insight into the physical properties and potential applications of these novel materials. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Continuum model for acoustic phonons in nanotubes: phonon bottleneck
Authors: Raichura Amit , Dutta Mitra , Stroscio Michael A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractElastic continuum model is used to model acoustic phonons in single wall nanotubes (SWNTs). Based on elastic continuum theory, acoustic vibrational modes are modeled for both zigzag and armchair nanotubes of finite length using a variational solution of Donnell's equation. The acoustic phonon modes in these calculations are determined for both even and odd modes of the acoustic displacement. The dispersion relations vary with the length of the tube, and the results indicate that phonon bottleneck effects occur in short SWNTs. The displacement field of the nanotube is used to calculate the deformation potential interaction Hamiltonian. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)