bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet quality is associated with adipose tissue and muscle mass: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Authors: Isanejad Masoud , Steffen Lyn M. , Terry James G. , Shikany James M. , Zhou Xia , So‐YunYi  , Jacobs David R. , Carr John Jeffrey , Steffen Brian T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAging is associated with changes in body composition, and preventing loss of muscle mass and accumulation of excess adipose tissue in middle‐aged adults may reduce age‐related conditions at older ages. Dietary intake is one lifestyle factor shown to improve or maintain body composition. However, few studies have examined the Healthy Eating Index2015 (HEI2015), a measure of diet quality, and the association with body composition in adult men and women.MethodsParticipant data (n = 3017) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were used to examine the associations of the HEI2015 with body composition measures at Year 25 (Y25), including (1) 25 year‐change in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference and (2) a computed tomography (CT) scan at Y25 measured muscle mass, muscle quality (better quality = less lipid within the muscle), and adipose tissue depots visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and adipose within skeletal muscle (intermuscular adipose tissue; IMAT). Dietary intake was assessed by a diet history three times over 20 years, at years 0, 7, and 20. HEI2015, averaged over three exams, was created and categorized into quintiles. Multiple regression analysis evaluated the associations of body composition stratified across quintiles of HEI2015 adjusted for demographic characteristics, energy intake, lifestyle factors, and baseline anthropometric measures as appropriate. Race–sex interaction was tested (Pinteraction > 0.30).ResultsOver 25 years of follow‐up, averaged HEI2015 was significantly and inversely associated with weight gain (Quintile 1 (Q1) 37.3 lb vs. 32.9 in Q5; Ptrend = 0.01), change in BMI (Q1 5.8 kg/m2 vs. 5.0 in Q5; Ptrend = 0.005), and change in waist circumference (Q1 17.5 cm vs. 15.2 cm in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001). By Y25, HEI2015 was inversely associated with VAT Q1 136.8 cm3 vs. 116.6 in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001) and IMAT volumes (Q1 9.52 vs. 8.12 cm3 in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001). Although total muscle volume declined (Ptrend = 0.03), lean muscle mass volume was similar across quintiles (Ptrend = 0.55). The IMAT/total muscle mass ratio declined across HEI2015 quintiles (Ptrend < 0.001). Finally, higher HEI2015 was associated with better muscle quality at Y25 (higher value = less lipid within the muscle; Q1 41.1 vs. 42.2 HU in Q5; Ptrend = 0.002). HEI2015 was nonlinearly, but inversely, associated with SAT (nonlinear P = 0.011).ConclusionsImproving diet quality in young to middle‐aged adults is a recommended strategy to promote better measures of body composition. Our study findings suggest that healthier food choices may influence body composition.
Treatment Response Assessment in Multiple Myeloma: Histogram Analysis of Total Tumor Apparent Diffusion Coefficient based on Whole‐body Diffusion‐weighted MR Imaging
Authors: Gao Yuhan , Wang Qin , Zhang Lu , Li Shuo , Liu Dong , Wang Shitian , Zhu Jinxia , Zhang Haibo , Xie Sheng , Xia Shuang , Huang Wenyang , Xue Huadan , Li Jian 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) consensus criteria for response assessment in multiple myeloma (MM) has methodological limitations. Whole‐body diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis may be complementary to response assessment of MM.PurposeTo explore the role of histogram analysis of the ADC based on the total tumor volume (ttADC) in response assessment in patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThirty‐six patients with NDMM.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/single‐shot DWI echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence with an integrated slice‐by‐slice shimming (iShim) technique.AssessmentBaseline (median: 1 day before treatment) and post‐treatment (median: five cycles of therapy) whole‐body DWI were analyzed. A region of interest (ROI) containing lesions on every section of baseline image was drawn to derive the per‐patient total tumor data. Post‐treatment image analysis was based on the same ROI as the corresponding baseline. Histogram metrics were extracted from both ROIs. Patients were categorized into the very good partial response or better (VGPR+) group and the less than VGPR group per the IMWG response criteria for response assessment. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was also calculated.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney test and Fisher's exact or Chi‐squared tests, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and DeLong test, Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. A two‐tailed P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThirty patients were categorized into the VGPR+ group and six into the less than VGPR group. The ttADC histogram changes between post‐treatment and baseline metrics (ΔttADC) revealed significant differences in all percentile values between the VGPR+ and less than VGPR groups. For distinguishing VGPR+, ΔttADC_5th percentile had the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.950, 95% CI 0.821–0.995). Patients with lower ΔttADC_5th percentile values (cutoff point, 188.193) showed significantly longer PFS (HR = 34.911, 95% CI 6.392–190.677).Data ConclusionttADC histogram may facilitate response assessment in patients with NDMM.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 4
Attribution of differences in observed warming among subregions of China and observationally constrained projection
Authors: Dong Yuchen , Jiang Zhihong , Sun Qiaohong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of different external forcings on regional temperature changes in China and constraining future changes is important for formulating targeted climate mitigation policies. We conducted a detection and attribution analysis to examine the effects of different external forcings on the differences in warming across China and seven subregions. This analysis spanned from 1965 to 2014 and used observations as well as data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The signals of anthropogenic (ANT) forcing can be detected and separated from natural (NAT) forcing in all regions, and the effect of greenhouse gases are found to account for a significant portion of the observed warming in these regions. In the Yangtze River Basin, southeast China and southwest China, the observed warming trends are lower than other subregions. This can be attributed to the relatively weak impact of greenhouse gases, resulting in a temperature increase of only 0.51°C in the Yangtze River Basin, which accounts for 48.57% of the observed warming. While both southeast China and southwest China experience a cooling effect of aerosols, leading to temperature decreases of 0.20 and 0.53°C, respectively, even though the signal of aerosol forcing is not detected. In terms of future projection, the use of attribution constraint approach effectively corrects the biases of the CMIP6 model simulation and reduces projection uncertainty in China and most subregions under the new shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5. The Tibetan Plateau has the largest reduction of the uncertainty range among seven subregions, with the decrease of 39.02% under SSP2‐4.5 scenario in the long‐term (2081–2098). In addition, north China and southwest China will experience the highest and lowest warming in the long‐term (2081–2098) after attribution constraints, increasing by 3.41 and 2.14°C, respectively, under SSP2‐4.5 scenario.
Evaluation of Association Between Adenomyosis and Cesarean Scar Defect
Authors: Shakki Katouli Fatemeh , Zebardast Jayran , Tavoli Zahra , Bayani Leila , Azizinik Fahimeh , Moradpour Moein , Mardani Reza , Meimani Najme , Fathi Somayeh 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate and compare quantitative factors of the cesarean scar defect (CSD) in symptomatic patients with and without uterine adenomyosis.MethodThis study was conducted as a case–control study. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: with adenomyosis (case) and without adenomyosis (control). The demographic data, medical history, and sonohysterography findings were extracted from the patient's documents and archived images.ResultDuring 2 years, 310 symptomatic women with a history of previous cesarean section underwent sonohysterography. Among them, 204 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common chief complaints were post‐menstrual bleeding (34.3%) and prolonged bleeding (27%). Cesarean scar depth and width significantly differed between these two groups, and patients with underlying adenomyosis had significantly larger defects (P‐value of .009 and .005, respectively). Mean RMT/AMT ratio was 31.83% in the case group and 42.88% in the control group. In our study, RMT/AMT ratios were significantly lower in the case group (P‐value of .001). In addition, we performed analysis on a subgroup of patients with one prior cesarean section. Similar results were achieved with a lower RMT/AMT ratio in case group (mean of 31.20% in case group and 46.47% in control group; P‐value of .000).ConclusionOur study showed a strong association between the presence of adenomyosis and larger clinically more significant CSDs. To establish a causative relationship, we suggest a prospective cohort study to follow up the patients and compare the evolution of CSD in patients with and without adenomyosis.
Bow and Lean Test for Rare Variants of Vertical Semicircular Canal BPPV
Authors: Martin‐Sanz Eduardo , Chaure‐Cordero Marta , Riestra‐Ayora Juan , González‐Marquez Rocío , Mármol‐Szombathy Irene , Esteban‐Sanchez Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of the Bow and Lean Test (BLT) for the diagnosis of different variants of vertical canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). BLT is commonly used for diagnoses of lateral semicircular canal (LSC) BPPV. However, vertical nystagmus in the BLT may indicate the presence of other variants such as PSC‐BPPV.Methods567 patients with vertical canal BPPV were recruited. Patients with anterior semicircular canal (ASC) or PSC‐BPPV were weekly examined until the negativization of BPPV. Nystagmus characteristics during BLT were analyzed.ResultsOf 567 patients with vertical canal BPPV, 1.4% had ASC‐BPPV. BLT was positive in 155 patients, showing patterns like down‐beating nystagmus in bowing and no nystagmus in leaning (15.52% of patients), and down‐beating in bowing and up‐beating in leaning (6.17%), which was predominantly present in PSC‐canalolithiasis. Statistically significant differences were observed in the direction of nystagmus provoked by BLT in PSC‐BPPV subtypes. No significant differences were found in nystagmus latency or duration during BLT positions. Among BPPV subtypes, there was a significant difference in nystagmus duration and latency, especially between cupulolithiasis and other variants. BLT's sensitivity was 0.93 in bowing and 1 in a leaning position, while specificity was 0.93 and 0.82 respectively.ConclusionBeyond the LSC, the BLT has expanded to other variants. However, study results differ likely due to variations in patient characteristics and test execution. Currently, no specific features for ASC have been found to differentiate it from PSC‐BPPV limiting the test's use for this variant.Level of Evidence3, according to Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine Laryngoscope, 134:2405–2410, 2024
An Intestinal FXR Agonist Mitigates Dysbiosis, Intestinal Tight Junctions, and Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice
Authors: Petito‐da‐Silva Tamiris Ingrid , Villardi Felipe Missiba , Penna‐de‐Carvalho Aline , Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda Carlos Alberto , Souza‐Mello Vanessa , Barbosa‐da‐Silva Sandra 
Published: December 2023

ScopeTo analyze the effects of fexaramine (FEX), as an intestinal FXR agonist, on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and ileum of mice fed a high‐fat (HF) diet.Methods and resultsThree‐month‐old C57Bl/6 male mice are divided into two groups and received a control (C, 10% of energy from lipids) or HF (50% of energy from lipids) diet for 12 weeks. They are subdivided into the C, C + FEX, HF, and HF + FEX groups. FEX is administered (FEX‐5 mg kg−1) via orogastric gavage for three weeks. Body mass (BM), glucose metabolism, qPCR 16S rRNA gene expression, and ileum gene expression, bile acids (BAs), tight junctions (TJs), and incretin are analyzed. FEX reduces BM and glucose intolerance, reduces plasma lipid concentrations and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increases the Lactobacillus sp. and Prevotella sp. abundance, and reduces the Escherichia coli abundance. Consequently, the ileal gene expression of Fxr‐Fgf15, Tgr5‐Glp1, and Cldn‐Ocldn‐Zo1 is increased, and Tlr4‐Il6‐Il1beta is decreased.ConclusionFEX stimulates intestinal FXR and improves dysbiosis, intestinal TJs, and the release of incretins, mitigating glucose intolerance and BM increases induced by an HF diet. However, FEX results in glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and reduces intestinal TJs in a control group, thus demonstrating limitations to this dietary model.
Dynamic evaluation of acute lung injury using hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Haidong , Li Hongchuang , Zhao Xiuchao , Liu Xiaoling , Han Yeqing , Sun Xianping , Ye Chaohui , Zhou Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrognosticating acute lung injury (ALI) is challenging, in part because of a lack of sensitive biomarkers. Hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance (MR) has unique advantages in pulmonary function measurement and can provide promising biomarkers for the assessment of lung injuries. Herein, we employ hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI and generate a number of imaging biomarkers to detect the pulmonary physiological and morphological changes during the progression of ALI in an animal model. We find the measured ratio of 129Xe in red blood cells to interstitial tissue/plasma (RBC/TP) is significantly lower in the ALI group on the second (0.32 ± 0.03, p = 0.004), seventh (0.23 ± 0.03, p < 0.001), and 14th (0.29 ± 0.04, p = 0.001) day after lipopolysaccharide treatment compared with that in the control group (0.41 ± 0.04). In addition, significant differences are also observed for RBC/TP measurements between the second and seventh day (p = 0.001) and between the seventh and 14th day (p = 0.018) in the ALI group after treatment. Besides RBC/TP, significant differences are also observed in the measured exchange time constant (T) on the second (p = 0.038) and seventh day (p = 0.009) and in the measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and alveolar surface‐to‐volume ratio (SVR) on the 14th day (ADC: p = 0.009 and SVR: p = 0.019) after treatment in the ALI group compared with that in the control group. These findings indicate that the parameters measured with 129Xe MR can detect the dynamic changes in pulmonary structure and function in an ALI animal model.
Enhancing cryogenic thermal conductivity of epoxy composites through the incorporation of boron nitride nanosheets/nanodiamond aerogels prepared by directional‐freezing method
Authors: Zhou Zhengrong , Wu Zhixiong , Liu Huiming , Huang Chuanjun , Wang Tao , Zhao Yalin , Miao Zhicong , Xiang Yue , Geng Zhen , He Feng , Xu Dong , Huang Rongjin , Li Laifeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the realm of electronic circuits, materials with high thermal conductivity are sought after as ideal packaging components. It is crucial that such materials not only possess excellent thermal conductivity, but also maintain desirable dielectric properties. To this end, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and BNNS/nanodiamond (ND) aerogels with a three‐dimensional (3D) structure using the ice‐template method were prepared. Subsequently, these aerogels were utilized as a framework to produce 3D‐BNNS/epoxy and 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites via the vacuum‐assisted impregnation method, which exhibit enhanced anisotropic thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity exhibited by the 3D‐BNNS/epoxy composites outperforms those containing randomly distributed BNNS. The experiment also reveals sintering the aerogel at elevated temperatures to remove the PVA can significantly improve the thermal conductivity exhibited by the 3D‐BNNS/epoxy and 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites. Importantly, the 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites illustrate exceptional thermal conductivity values of 1.326 W/(m·K), indicating a remarkable synergistic effect of BNNS and ND in improving thermal conductivity. It is noteworthy to state that the relative thermal conductivity ratio of the 3D‐BNNS/epoxy and 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites to pure epoxy resin was markedly higher at lower temperatures than the values measured at room temperature, signifying their superior heat transfer performance at lower temperatures. In addition, the composites depict excellent dielectric properties and lower coefficients of thermal expansion values. Finally, the 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites also have significantly improved Tg (132.5 and 152.6°C). The high‐performance polymer composites described in this study are envisaged for implementation within the realm of electronic packaging materials.
100 Jahre Prandtlscher Mischungswegansatz
Authors: Foken Thomas , Kottmeier Christoph 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie untere Atmosphäre spielt in der Meteorologie und Klimatologie eine besondere Rolle, ihre Modellierung ist jedoch wegen des hohen Turbulenzanteils bis heute eine Herausforderung. Ein wichtiger erster Schritt war der Mischungswegansatz, den Ludwig Prandtl vor fast 100 Jahren in der Hydrodynamik entwickelte. Vor 90 Jahren skizzierte er dessen Anwendung in der Meteorologie. Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Abriss der Prandtlschen Mischungswegtheorie und älterer Arbeiten zur Konvektion von Henri Claude Bénard und Lord Rayleigh. Dann beschreibt er deren Anwendung in der Meteorologie, speziell bezogen auf die Atmosphärische Grenzschicht. Er geht auf die Maßstabsbezogenheit atmosphärischer Prozesse, zugrundeliegende theoretische Ansätze und messtechnische Lösungen anhand ausgewählter Beispiele ein und schildert die Bedeutung konvektiver Prozesse sowie offene Fragestellungen.
Pain in pediatric oncology—A Swedish nationwide follow‐up study among nurses and physicians
Authors: Kamsvåg T. , Arvidson J. , Ek T. , von Essen L. , Ljungman G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo examine nurses' and physicians' assessments of pain in children with cancer, and to identify the methods in use to diagnose, evaluate, and treat pain. In addition, to examine whether/how the healthcare professionals' assessment and management of pain has changed compared to 1995 and identify the needs for training. The study has a descriptive and comparative design. 363 nurses and physicians working with children with cancer in Sweden were invited to participate in April 2017. Participants answered an updated version of a questionnaire used in 1995 by Ljungman et al. focusing on the healthcare professionals’ experience of pain among their patients, their pain treatment strategies, and need for training. 120 nurses and 65 physicians participated. Fifty percent of nurses and 55% of physicians answered that moderate‐to‐severe pain was experienced often or very often by children with cancer. Methods recommended in international guidelines to diagnose, evaluate, and treat pain were generally followed. Compared with findings from 1995 by Ljungman et al., nurses, and physicians assessed that moderate‐to‐severe pain was seen more often. The greatest need for training was reported for pharmacology, different routes for administration of opioids, treatment with nitrous oxide, and nonpharmacological interventions. Nurses and physicians assessed that moderate‐to‐severe pain is often present in children with cancer. More time to treat pain in the department and training in certain areas seem to be needed to improve pain management.
Functional validation of A2′N mutation of the RDL GABA receptor against fipronil via molecular modeling and genome engineering in drosophila
Authors: Qiao Xiaomu , Zhou Tianhao , Zhang Jing , Zhang Lixin , Lu Yaobin , Huang Jia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect RDL (resistant to dieldrin) receptors are essential pentameric ligand‐gated chloride channels that mediate the neuroinhibitory effect of GABA, the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. These receptors serve as primary targets for various insecticides, including noncompetitive antagonists (NCAs) such as cyclodiene organochlorines and phenylpyrazoles, as well as allosteric modulators like meta‐diamides and isoxazolines. This study focuses on a newly discovered A2′N mutation within the RDL receptors, identified in fipronil‐resistant planthoppers. Despite in vitro electrophysiological studies have proposed its role in conferring target‐site resistance, in vivo genetic functional validation of this mutation remains unexplored.RESULTSOur research employed toxicity bioassays, assessing various Rdl genotypes against a spectrum of insecticides, including fipronil, α‐endosulfan, broflanilide, and isocycloseram. Results revealed distinct resistance profiles for A2′N and A2′S mutants, indicating different binding interactions of RDL receptors with NCAs. Significantly, the A2′N heterozygote showed substantial resistance to fipronil, despite its homozygous lethality. Molecular modeling and docking simulations further supported these findings, highlighting unique binding poses for fipronil and α‐endosulfan.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed that A2′N mutation of the RDL GABA receptor confer high resistance to fipronil in vivo. The observed resistance in A2′N mutants is likely attributable to a steric hindrance mechanism, wherein the introduction of larger side chains hampers fipronil binding, even in a heterozygous state. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nano‐Bricks Assembly Toward 1D Metal Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Zhang Yuhua , Liu Xinyue , Li Zhe , Lyu Shuai , Zhou Yiyue , Long Yuhang , Li Jinlin , Wang Li 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rational design of hybrid nanocrystals structures facilitates electronic and energetic communication between different component, which can optimize their specific performance. In this study, an efficient approach for building intricate ZnO@h‐CoO nanocomposites and their derivatives is presented, based on a lattice‐match/mismatch mechanism. Due to the ultra‐low lattice mismatch between ZnO and hexagonal CoO (as low as 0.18%), the h‐CoO layer enables epitaxial growth on the ZnO templates, and ZnO can also grow epitaxially outside the CoO layer with ease. Similarly, the thickness of the epitaxial layer and the number of alternating layers can be adjusted arbitrarily. In contrast to h‐CoO, the growth of cubic crystalline oxides (such as MnO) on ZnO results in the formation of nanoparticles due to a large mismatch index (following the Volmer–Weber models). Interestingly, when h‐CoO is introduced as a further component into the MnO/ZnO composite, the cubic crystalline particles on the surface of the ZnO do not disturb the epitaxial growth of the h‐CoO, allowing for the formation of nanocomposites with more components. Furthermore, additional units can be added to the nanocomposite further based on the lattice‐match/mismatch mechanism, which is analogous to the building nano‐bricks.