bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WAVELETS AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR DATA ANALYSIS IN A MOCK-UP HIGH-LEVEL WASTE STORAGE EXPERIMENT
Authors: CAÑAMÓN I. , ELORZA F. J. , MANGIN A. , MARTÍN P. L. , RODRÍGUEZ R. 
Published: December 2004

This work analyzes the physical processes occurring in the Mock-up test of the FEBEX I and II projects. FEBEX I and II is an European research project (1996–2004) led by ENRESA, that has financial support from the European Commission. This experiment is based in two large-scale heating tests ("in-situ" test and "Mock-up" test) simulating a radioactive waste repository, and tries to analyze the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes that could eventually happen in this kind of repositories.The main objectives of this study have been the following: to identify the physical processes occurring in the Mock-up experiment and to characterize them quantitatively; to understand the nature and consequences of several incidents happening in the Mock-up during the heating phase; and, finally, to analyze the data reliability of the sensors measurements and to predict possible failures.The analysis techniques used in this work are both statistical (time series correlation and spectral analysis, wavelets analysis, matching pursuit analysis) and non-statistical (spatial distribution analysis of data). These methods aim to establish the existing relationships between several data series registered in the experiment, corresponding to the measured parameters, and to characterize on time and frequency the non-stationary response of the series. A better understanding of the main THM processes affecting the engineered barriers used for the isolation of the radioactive waste is then available with the results obtained from those analyses.
ACCURATE SIGNAL ESTIMATION NEAR DISCONTINUITIES
Authors: DOWNIE T. R. 
Published: December 2004

Wavelet thresholding is an effective method for noise reduction of a wide class of naturally occurring signals. However, bias near to a discontinuity and Gibbs phenomenon are a drawback in wavelet thresholding. The extent to which this is a problem is investigated. The Haar wavelet basis is good at approximating discontinuities, but is bad at approximating other signal artefacts. A method of detecting jumps in a signal is developed that uses non-decimated Haar wavelet coefficients. This is designed to be used in conjunction with most existing thresholding methods.A detailed simulation study is carried out and results show that when discontinuities are present a substantial reduction in bias can be obtained, leading to a corresponding reduction in mean square error.
Identification of Lin–Sca1+kit+CD34+Flt3– short-term hematopoietic stem cells capable of rapidly reconstituting and rescuing myeloablated transplant recipients
Authors: Yang Liping , Bryder David , Adolfsson Jörgen , Nygren Jens , Månsson Robert , Sigvardsson Mikael , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn clinical bone marrow transplantation, the severe cytopenias induced by bone marrow ablation translate into high risks of developing fatal infections and bleedings, until transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have replaced sufficient myeloerythroid offspring. Although adult long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) are absolutely required and at the single-cell level sufficient for sustained reconstitution of all blood cell lineages, they have been suggested to be less efficient at rapidly reconstituting the hematopoietic system and rescuing myeloablated recipients. Such a function has been proposed to rather be mediated by less well-defined short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs). Herein, we demonstrate that Lin–Sca1+kithiCD34+ short-term reconstituting cells contain 2 phenotypically and functionally distinct subpopulations: Lin–Sca1+kithiCD34+flt3– cells fulfilling all criteria of ST-HSCs, capable of rapidly reconstituting myelopoiesis, rescuing myeloablated mice, and generating Lin–Sca1+kithiCD34+flt3+ cells, responsible primarily for rapid lymphoid reconstitution. Representing the first commitment steps from Lin–Sca1+kithi CD34–flt3– LT-HSCs, their identification will greatly facilitate delineation of regulatory pathways controlling HSC fate decisions and identification of human ST-HSCs responsible for rapid reconstitution following HSC transplantations.
Biallelic mutation of SOCS-1 impairs JAK2 degradation and sustains phospho-JAK2 action in the MedB-1 mediastinal lymphoma line
Authors: Melzner Ingo , Bucur Alexandra Juliana , Brüderlein Silke , Dorsch Karola , Hasel Cornelia , Barth Thomas F. E. , Leithäuser Frank , Möller Peter 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a well-defined subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Molecular cytogenetics revealed frequent gains of 9p24. JAK2, mapping in this region, is presently regarded as a candidate oncogene because expression profiling showed high Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) transcript levels and JAK2 was found to be constitutively phosphorylated in mediastinal B-cell lymphomas. We confirm that in the MedB-1 mediastinal B-cell line, harboring a trisomy 9, JAK2 transcription is elevated and the product is highly phosphorylated. However, JAK2 is not overexpressed at the protein level. On top, JAK2 protein turnover is even delayed. This unexpected finding coincides with a biallelic mutation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) gene in this cell, which abrogates SOCS box function of the protein. Ectopic expression of wild-type (wt) SOCS-1 in MedB-1 leads to growth arrest and dramatic reduction of phospho-JAK2 and its downstream partner phospho–signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (phospho-STAT5). Ultimately, the target gene cyclin D1 is repressed in transfectants while RB1, which is silenced in MedB-1, is induced. We conclude that, in MedB-1, action of phospho-JAK2 is sustained due to defective SOCS-1. Hence, SOCS-1 qualifies as a novel tumor suppressor. Of note, SOCS-1 mutations are also present in the parental tumor of MedB-1 and were detected in 9 of 20 PMBLs.
Fabrication and Characteristic Responses of Integrated Microelectrodes in Polymer Channel Chip
Authors: Ueno Kousei , Kitagawa Fumihiko , Kim Haeng-Boo , Tokunaga Tomonobu , Matsuo Shigeki , Misawa Hiroaki , Kitamura Noboru 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A polymer microchannel (width = 100 µm and depth = 20 µm) chip integrated with band Au electrodes (47 × 100 µm) was fabricated on the basis of photolithography/etching and imprinting techniques, and its characteristic electrochemical responses have been demonstrated.
Synthesis of New Vanadyl Complexes of Hydroxyazine-type Heterocycles and Their Insulin-Mimetic Activities
Authors: Katoh Akira , Taguchi Kazutoshi , Okada Hiroko , Harata Manabu , Fujisawa Yae , Takino Toshikazu , Sakurai Hiromu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Four kinds of vanadyl complexes of hydroxyazine-type heterocycles were synthesized. Bis(1,2-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrimidinolato)- and bis(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3,5,6-trimethyl-1-pyrazinolato)oxovanadium(IV) complexes showed higher insulin-mimetic activity than vanadyl sulfate as a positive control.
Formation of Uniform Mesopores in ZSM-5 Zeolite through Treatment in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Ogura Masaru , Shinomiya Shin-ya , Tateno Junko , Nara Yasuto , Kikuchi Eiichi , Matsukata Masahiko 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Treatment of ZSM-5 in alkaline solution dramatically changes morphology of the ZSM-5, leading to the formation of mesopores whose size is almost uniform without destruction of microporous structure.
Chemical Ionization of 1-Olefins (C15–C18) by CH5+, C2H5+, and C3H5+ in an Ion-Trap Type of Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Tanaka Yuki , Arikawa Takeshi , Nishimura Yukio 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Chemical ionization of 1-olefins (1-CxH2x: x = 15–18) by the CH5+, C2H5+, and C3H5+ ions has been studied using an ion-trap type of GC/MS under a reactant-ion-selected mode. In all the reactions, CyH2y+1+ (y = 3−x) alkyl and CyH2y−1+ (y = 3−x) alkenyl ions were observed with maximum intensities at m = 3∼5 for CyH2y+1+ and at y = 7 or 8 for CyH2y−1+.
Syntheses and X-Ray Crystal Structures of Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing Two and Three Phosphorus-Bridged [1]Ferrocenophanes, cis-[PtCl2(fcpp)2] and [PtCl(fcpp)3]BF4
Authors: Mizuta Tsutomu , Yamasaki Tomoaki , Miyoshi Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Platinum complexes having two and three (1,1′-ferrocenediyl)phenylphosphine (fcpp) groups, cis-[PtCl2(fcpp)2] and [PtCl(fcpp)3]BF4, were prepared and their molecular structures were determined by X-ray analysis.
A Convenient Catalytic Method for the Synthesis of Ethers from Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Fujii Yasuyuki , Furugaki Hisakazu , Yano Shinji , Kita Katsumi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Unsymmetrical ethers are obtained in excellent yields by the catalytic etherification of alcohols with ketones or aldehydes in the presence of Pd/C under an atmospheric pressure of hydrogen when water produced by the reaction is continuously removed by bubbling hydrogen through the reaction mixture.
Direct Observation of Perchlorate Incorporation Induced by Redox Reaction of Ferrocene Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayer Studied by in situ FT-Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Nishiyama Katsuhiko , Ueda Akihiro , Tanoue Shotaro , Koga Tessyu , Taniguchi Isao 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The incorporation of ClO4− into 8-ferrocenyloctanethiol (8FT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) induced by the redox reaction at a gold wire electrode was demonstrated using in situ FT Raman spectroelectochemistry. Upon oxidation of the 8FT SAM, a band attributed to ClO4− was clearly observed and the band disappeared in its reduced state. On the other hand, when HNO3 was used as a supporting electrolyte, the band attributed to NO3− was not observed in the oxidized form of 8FT.
Fluoride Ion-Mediated Intramolecular Aldol Cyclization of 7-(t-Butyldimethylsiloxy)-7-octenal
Authors: Hachiya Iwao , Kobayashi Nobutaka , Kijima Hiroyuki , Pudhom Khanitha , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Polyoxy 8-membered ring compound was synthesized in moderate to good yields by intramolecular aldol cyclization of 7-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-7-octenal using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).
Formation of Titania Nanotubes with High Photo-Catalytic Activity
Authors: Adachi Motonari , Murata Yusuke , Harada Makoto , Yoshikawa Susumu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Titania nanotubes with high photo-catalytic activity were synthesized in laurylamine hydrochloride / tetraisopropyl orthotitanate modified with acetylacetone system. Formation of nanotubes was confirmed by transmission electron microscope images. These titania nanotubes had crystal structure of anatase and showed high photo-catalytic activity, i.e., the activity is about three times higher than Degussa-P-25 and higher than ST-01.
Retardation of the Molecular Rotation of p-Nitrophenolate Ion in the Cavity of a Positively Charged Derivative of α-Cyclodextrin by Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Ahmed Jalaluddin , Nagata Takuya , Imaoka Shinji , Matsui Yoshihisa , Yamamoto Tatsuyuki 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
1H NMR signal for the C(5)-H of A, D glucose residues of bis[6A,6D-(1-pyridinio)-6A,6D-deoxy]-α-cyclodextrin shifted downfield, whereas those of B, E and C, F residues shifted upfield, with the addition of p-nitrophenol at pD 11.3. This infers that the molecular rotation of the guest is retarded in the CD cavity.
Effect of Surface Morphology of a Gold Substrate on Photocurrent Efficiency at a Gold Electrode Modified with a Self-Assembled Monolayer of a Porphyrin–Ferrocene–Thiol Linked Molecule
Authors: Kondo Toshihiro , Yanagida Masatoshi , Zhang Xue-Qun , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The effect of the surface roughness on the characteristics of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was quantitatively examined by measuring the photocurrent efficiency at a gold electrode modified with a SAM of a porphyrin–ferrocene–thiol linked molecule as a function of the surface roughness. The photocurrent efficiency was higher for the flatter substrate. This result confirms the importance of the substrate’s surface roughness to achieve the ordered arrangement of the functional moieties of the SAM, i.e., effective control of the electron/energy transfer.
Experimental Estimation of Hydropathy Scales of Apolar Amino Acid Residues by Measuring Langmuir Monolayer Behaviors of Amino Acid Derivative Polymers
Authors: Ide Makoto , Miyashita Tokuji 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
We described here a novel method for experimental estimation of hydropathy scales of amino acid by measuring Langmuir monolayer behaviors of the amino acid derivative polymers. The collapse pressure of the monolayers had a good correlation with the hydropathy scales.
Selective Oxidation of Ethanol and 1-Propanol over V–Mg–O/TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Mongkhonsi Tharathon , Pimanmas Purida , Praserthdam Piyasan 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Ethanol and 1-propanol can be selectively oxidized to ethanal and propanal, respectively, by V–Mg–O catalyst supported on TiO2 (anatase). Aldehyde yields up to 73% and 66% for ethanal and propanal, respectively, were achieved in the temperature range 573–623 K. The catalyst was rather inactive for the further oxidation of aldehyde products to carboxylic acids.
High- versus Low-Dose Oxytocin for Augmentation or Induction of Labor
Authors: Patka John H , Lodolce Amy E , Johnston Angela K 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of high- and low-dose oxytocin for augmentation or induction of labor. DATA SOURCES: Clinical trials were accessed through MEDLINE (1966–November 2003). Published literature relevant to the use of oxytocin for augmentation or induction of labor was evaluated. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles identified from the data sources were evaluated and included if they were clinical trials comparing high- versus low-dose oxytocin for augmentation or induction of labor. DATA SYNTHESIS: Oxytocin is a treatment of choice for augmentation and induction of labor; however, no consensus exists regarding optimal dosing. Relevant studies comparing high-dose (2–6 mU/min) and low-dose (1–2 mU/min) therapy for labor augmentation and induction were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose oxytocin decreases the time from admission to vaginal delivery, but does not appear to decrease the incidence of cesarean sections when compared with low-dose therapy.
Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in Portland Cement Powder: Analysis of ASTM Round Robin Studies
Authors: Ferraris CF , Hackley VA , Avilés AI 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A distribution of particle sizes or particle size distribution (PSD) is a fundamental characteristic of cement powder. Accurate PSDs are required in computational efforts to model the hydration process and it is an important practical issue for the cement industry. Presently, the only available standard method for measuring the PSD of cement, namely ASTM C115, is limited in scope, with a lower size detection limit of 7.5 μm. Since there are no standard procedures that adequately cover the broad particle size range associated with portland cement powder, the implementation of different measurement techniques varies widely within the industry. Two ASTM-sponsored round robin tests were performed to (1) ascertain the techniques and methods currently used in the cement industry and (2) develop and refine a standard method or methods. The results have been incorporated into a best practice method based on the technique of laser diffraction. The aim of the current paper is to summarize the findings based on the data generated during the round robins and to summarize the various approaches available to measure the PSD of cement. A summary of the statistical analysis of the test results is described.
Potential for Restrained Shrinkage Cracking of Concrete and Mortar
Authors: See HT , Attiogbe EK , Miltenberger MA 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Historically, ring tests have been performed to determine the time for concrete or mortar specimens to crack under restrained shrinkage. When the concrete or mortar ring deforms due to shrinkage, the steel ring restrains the material and tensile stresses are induced. Stress development cannot be monitored for test setups in which the degree of restraint is so high that no measurable deformation occurs in the steel as the material shrinks. Such test setups have provided qualitative evaluations and have not enabled a simple procedure to be established to routinely quantify the restrained shrinkage characteristics of the materials. In this study, an instrumented ring setup is used to quantify the restrained shrinkage behavior of concrete and mortar. The setup provides a high degree of restraint while still allowing sufficient strain in the steel as the material shrinks.
It is shown with the ring setup that the cracking potential of concrete or mortar under restrained shrinkage can be classified on the basis of either how long it takes the material to crack or the rate of stress development in the material. The testing and analysis procedure provides a rational basis for assessing the relative performance of concrete or mortar mixtures when subjected to shrinkage under restraint. A simple procedure is also developed for a preliminary assessment of cracking potential using standard values of drying shrinkage and modulus of elasticity obtained at seven days after initiation of drying.
Experimental Bench for Study of Settling-Consolidation Soil Formation
Authors: Alexis A , Le bras G , Thomas P 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A laboratory experimental bench suiting the evolution survey of little concentrated materials in the course of deposition is presented here. The materials concerned can be in formation soils (mud) or any other fine granular materials, however, all characterized by their strong deformability and by their complex behaviour with constant changes from settling to consolidation phases. First, the already available experimental devices are summed up in a state-of-the-art section. The restraints imposed by the material (properties, consistency, quick evolution) have directed the development towards automated settings consisting of a column containing the material studied, a gammadensitometer and a pressure sensor. The device proposed here, the experimental procedures and the result post-processing are described in detail to provide an accurate follow up of the densities and of the interstitial excess pore pressures. The most original feature of the device lies in the possibility to obtain profiles within the first minutes of the evolution. The results, presented here in terms of effective stress and pore pressure, make it possible to delimit the range of validity of the usually adopted constitutive laws better.
Volumetric Shrinkage Strain Measurements in Expansive Soils Using Digital Imaging Technology
Authors: Puppala AJ , Katha B , Hoyos LR 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Expansive soils undergo large volumetric shrinkage strains, which eventually lead to high heave movements upon hydration of these soils. Current test methods to determine shrinkage strain potentials of soils are restricted by several limitations including small specimen sizes, molds with rigid walls that restrain shrinkage strains in lateral directions, and manual measurement errors. In this paper, a novel methodology to conduct volumetric shrinkage strain test on cylindrical soil specimens and a digital imaging technique to analyze and determine volumetric shrinkage strains of the test are described. As part of the evaluations of this methodology, volumetric shrinkage strains of four types of medium to high expansive soils were researched. Shrinkage tests were conducted on all four soils at three different moisture contents. Volumetric shrinkage strains were then measured using both digital and conventional manual approaches. Test results showed that the test and the developed measurement methodology provided repeatable and realistic shrinkage strain measurements. Digital measurements provided more accurate results than manual measurements by accounting for even minor shrinkage cracks in the soils. The significance of the digital measurements in relation to the current shrinkage strain characterizations is discussed. Potential geotechnical application areas where these test results could be used are also described.
Methanol, formaldehyde, and sodium formate exposure in rat and mouse conceptuses: A potential role of the visceral yolk sac in embryotoxicity
Authors: Hansen Jason M. , Contreras Kristi M. , Harris Craig 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethanol (CH3OH) is believed to be teratogenic based on rodent studies. The mouse is more sensitive than the rat, but mechanisms of toxicity and identification of teratogenic metabolites are uncertain.METHODSRat and mouse whole embryo cultures are used to distinguish toxicity of CH3OH and its metabolites, formaldehyde (HCHO) and formate (HCOONa), which are produced following transit through the visceral yolk sac (VYS), via addition to culture medium, or by direct embryonic exposure through microinjection into the amnion.RESULTSEmbryonic viability, increased dysmorphogenesis, and decreased growth parameters were altered in a dose‐dependent fashion for each compound. Mouse embryos were more sensitive than rat, as indicated by significant decreases in viability at comparable, lower concentrations. HCHO produced dysmorphogenesis and caused embryolethality at nearly 1000‐fold lower concentrations (0.004 mg/ml) than seen with either CH3OH or HCOONa. All agents produced incomplete axial rotation and delayed neural tube closure in mice, but only CH3OH elicited similar effects in the rat. Increased growth retardation, blood pooling in the head and VYS, enlarged pericardium, accumulation of necrotic matter in the amnion, and hypoplastic prosencephalon were observed in both species with all compounds. Microinjection of compounds into the amnion produced higher mortality in mouse and rat, compared to equimolar amounts added to the culture medium. CH3OH did not prevent neural tube closure in the rat when microinjected.CONCLUSIONSHCHO is the most embryotoxic CH3OH metabolite and elicits the entire spectrum of lesions produced by CH3OH. The VYS serves a general protective role against toxicity and inherent differences in the embryonic metabolism of CH3OH may determine species sensitivity. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the way to a quality control of the essential oil of fennel by means of Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Strehle M. A. , Rösch P. , Baranska M. , Schulz H. , Popp J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEssential oils are one of the most valuable natural products. The price of special essential oils that can be purchased on the market strongly depends on the quality of the product. The quality, which depends on the quantitative and qualitative variation of different monoterpenes, varies with respect of the origin and the harvesting period. This contribution reports on a Raman spectroscopic study on the essential oil occurring in fennel. Cross‐sections of fennel seed were investigated by use of Raman spectroscopy and Raman mapping to localize the essential oil and to analyze its chemical composition directly in the plant. Furthermore the practicability of a home‐built mobile transportable Raman spectrometer to perform on‐site measurements was successfully tested. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2005