bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERUM PROTEINS IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND MILD PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Minchin Clarke H. G. , Freeman T. , Pryse‐Phillips W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwelve serum proteins were measured by quantitative immuno‐electrophoresis in 40 patients; 20 normal, uncomplicated pregnancies, and 20 corresponding gravidae with evidence of mild pre‐eclampsia. Results from the two groups were compared and each contrasted with a group of 30 normal non‐pregnant women, aged 16–45 years.α1‐lipoprotein, haptoglobin and haemopexin show no significant variation from normal.α1 antitrypsin, α1 easily precipitable glycoprotein, GC globulin and caeruloplasmin are raised significantly above the normal level (P = 0.001) in both normal pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia.Transferrin is also raised significantly in normal pregnancy (P = 0.01) and in pre‐eclampsia (P = 0.001).α2macroglobulin, β1AC (C13) and β‐lipoprotein are significantly raised in pre‐eclampsia only–α2M (P = 0.01); β1AC (P = 0.001) and βLP (P = 0.01).The only protein to show a significant difference between normal pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia is β1AC which is a little higher in pre‐eclamptic toxaemia (P = 0.5). These results are not affected by pairing the groups according to age, parity and weeks of gestation.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN SOME COMMON DAILY ACTIVITIES OF NON‐PREGNANT AND PREGNANT CHINESE, MALAY AND INDIAN WOMEN
Authors: Banerjee B. , Khew K. S. , Saha N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐five pregnant Chinese women (11 during both second and third trimester and 14 in third trimester only) and 17 non‐pregnant Chinese women, 14 third‐trimester pregnant and 10 non‐pregnant Malay women, and 14 third‐trimester pregnant and 10 non‐pregnant Indian women were tested for energy cost during rest and under various common daily activities. It was found that the third trimester pregnant women of all three races expended significantly more energy per minute than the respective control groups during rest and in the majority of common daily activities such as sitting and reading, sitting and writing, ironing and washing small clothes. But it was also observed that the percentage increase of expenditure over resting metabolism in every activity was more in non‐pregnant controls than in pregnant women indicating that the pregnant women performed tasks in a more relaxed and economical way than the non‐pregnant controls. Eleven pregnant Chinese women expended in varying degrees more energy per minute in the third trimester pregnancy than in the second. (The body weights of the present pregnant groups were lower than the European standard.)
A CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FETAL AGE
Authors: Martin R. H. , Higginbottom James 
Published: August 2005

SummaryClinical measurement of the thigh in the newborn child of gestational age 30 to 43 weeks reveals that linear growth occurs at approximately 3 mm. per week. This information was used to measure the length of the femur of the fetus in utero, using standard X‐ray equipment. From this a prediction as to gestational age was made with a range of accuracy, at worst, of just less than two weeks and, at best, within the actual week of gestation.
THE EFFECTS OF PROSTAGLANDINS E2 AND F2α ADMINISTERED BY DIFFERENT ROUTES ON UTERINE ACTIVITY AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN PREGNANT AND NON‐PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Karim S.M.M. , Hillier K. , Trussell R. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α both stimulate the intact non‐pregnant and pregnant human uterus. Doses required to provide long lasting stimulation when given by intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes had no effect on the cardiovascular system. Both the non‐pregnant and the pregnant uterus during early pregnancy showed a similar sensitivity to prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α. The non‐pregnant uterus was not inhibited by prostaglandin E2at any dose level.
THE EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF STEROIDS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Charles David , Pinkus Jack L. , Fanous Raouf , Chattoraj Sati C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe urinary excretion of oestriol, total 17‐oxosteroids, pregnanediol and Pettenkofer chromogens were studied in eight pregnancies before, during and after the administration of dexamethasone. Both the oestriol and 17‐oxosteroid levels declined during the period of drug administration. The change in Pettenkofer chromogens was less consistent but generally paralleled the 17‐oxosteroid values. Pregnanediol excretion greatly increased in three subjects, decreased in one and was relatively unchanged in the other patients. The present studies support the concept that placental pregnenolone is utilized by the fetal tissues for the biosynthesis of oestrogen precursors and by the placenta for progesterone synthesis.
TALC AND CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY AND CERVIX
Authors: Henderson W. J. , Joslin C. A. F. , Griffiths K. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn extraction‐replication technique was used to examine tissue from patients with ovarian and cervical tumours. In both conditions talc particles were found deeply embedded within the tumour tissue. The close association of talc to the asbestos group of minerals is of interest.
PLASMA FACTOR IX LEVELS AND ORAL CONTRACEPTION
Authors: Elder M. G. , Hakim C. A. , Hawkins D. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryGroups of patients were given conventional oestrogen‐progesterone oral contraceptives cyclically, or daily doses of chlormadinone acetate 0.5 mg. or norethisterone 0.35 mg., continuously, for six months. No changes in plasma coagulation factor IX were detected.
MARGINAL CIRCULAR HAEMATOMA DISRUPTING THE CHORIONIC PLATE OF THE PLACENTA
Authors: Howorka Edward , Kapczyński Witold 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn unusual case of a large marginal circular haematoma of the placenta is described. Over a large area the haematoma disrupted the placenta, separating the chorionic plate with its great vessels and the insertion of the umbilical cord from the rest of the placental chorion. It is thought that the haematoma was produced by a prolonged strong contraction of the upper segment in which the major portion of the placenta was sited.
THERAPEUTIC ABORTION AND INDUCTION OF LABOUR BY THE INTRAVAGINAL ADMINISTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDINS E2 AND F2α
Authors: Karim S. M. M. , Sharma S. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 45 women pregnancy was terminated in the first and second trimesters and in 10 labour was induced at term by the intravaginal administration of prosta‐glandins E2 and F2α. With prostglandin E2 the average induction‐abortion interval in 30 women was 12½ hours, and in the 15 women in whom abortion was induced with prostaglandin F2α the average induction‐abortion interval was 14 hours 50 minutes.
MEDICAL INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Lilienthal C. M. , Ward J.P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effectiveness of inducing labour with intravenous oxytocics without surgical rupture of the membranes has been studied in 154 cases.The mean successful induction‐delivery interval was 70 hours, and the mean induction‐delivery interval for all attempted inductions was 186 hours.Most patients had multiple infusions. Only 47 per cent were delivered within 24 hours and 32 per cent were not delivered within 72 hours. Twelve per cent of cases were classified as “failed”.The Caesarean section, premature delivery and perinatal mortality rates were comparable with those for other modes of induction. The postpartum haemorrhage rate of 18.2 per cent was exceedingly high.
A RAPID METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF OESTRIOL IN PREGNANCY PLASMA BY COMPETITIVE PROTEIN BINDING ANALYSIS
Authors: Corker C. S. , Naftolin F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA simple and rapid (4 hour) method for the measurement of oestriol in pregnancy plasma is described. The method utilizes the technique of competitive protein binding analysis and requires 0.2 ml. of plasma or less for each estimation. One technician can process 40 or more specimens in one day. Serial samples can be analyzed as they become available. Information about precision, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity are presented. The method has been used to assay oestriol in amniotic fluid and should be equally applicable to measurements of urinary oestriol excretion.
PLASMA OESTRIOL IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Macourt D. , Corker C.S. , Naftolin F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTotal plasma oestriol in pregnancy was estimated by a competitive protein binding method. The advantages of the measurement of plasma oestriol levels over the 24‐ or 48‐hour urinary oestriol assays are discussed. The pattern of plasma oestriol levels in the third trimester of pregnancy was investigated in over 400 healthy women and in general a uniform increase was found from the 28th week until term. Diurnal variation was found to be present, but this did not preclude the use of the method for assessing the feto‐placental unit. Exercise and meals had a minimal effect on the oestriol levels. Following delivery the level decreased sharply to reach, within four hours, one‐half that found just prior to delivery.
MATERNAL MORTALITY FROM CAESAREAN SECTION IN INFECTED CASES*
Authors: Gogoi M. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe treatment of 158 grossly infected patients in late labour has been reviewed. The morbidity and mortality following Caesarean section in such cases is high compared to vaginal delivery by destructive operation. Vaginal delivery by destructive operation in skilled hands is safer, although cases have to be carefully judged and selected. Caesarean section is not refused if the fetus is alive even in the presence of infection and it is the best method of treatment when the lower segment is on the verge of rupture, even if the fetus is dead.
POSTURE AND APPARENT PLASMA VOLUME IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Chesley LeonC. , Duffus GillianM. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo consecutive measurements were made of the T‐1824 space (apparent plasma volume) in each of 37 women in late pregnancy, one after lying supine for an hour and the other after lying on one side for an hour. Most of the patients were alternated with regard to the initial position. The supine position had three effects. (1) It usually decreased the apparent plasma volume. (2) Mixing of the dye often was not complete within the first ten minutes. (3) After the women turned on to their sides the optical densities of their sera usually increased, sometimes markedly.When the women lay on their sides their apparent plasma volumes usually were greater than while they lay supine and mixing of the dye was complete within ten minutes.The first two effects of the supine position vitiate estimates of the plasma volume during late pregnancy if they are made while the patient is lying on her back and they may explain, in part, the alleged decrease in plasma volume during the last weeks of gestation.
BARORECEPTOR REFLEX FUNCTION IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Seligman S. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn normotensive pregnancy control of the arterial pressure by the baroreceptor reflex is set at a high level of sensitivity.The baroreceptor reflex sensitivity is diminished in chronic hypertension both in the nonpregnant and pregnant.In pre‐eclampsia there is interference with baroreceptor function. This is implicated in the instability of the blood‐pressure in this condition and in the lower degree of fall of blood pressure during sleep. The loss of baroreceptor function is not due to the raised level of the blood pressure.
COAGULATION DEFECT ASSOCIATED WITH PRESUMED AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM IN THE MID‐TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Woodfield D. G. , Galloway R. K. , Smart G. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn unusual case of disseminated intravascular coagulation is reported. It occurred at about the 20th week of pregnancy and was associated with sudden collapse which appeared to be due to amniotic fluid embolism.The resulting coagulation defect was studied from the time of the initial episode over a period of 130 hours. During this time it was possible to avoid blood transfusion and the alterations in coagulation factors and the fibrinolytic system were measured.
LENGTH OF GESTATION IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Price H. V. , Cone BrendaA. , Keogh M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA survey was made of families of children suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The length of gestation for these children was found to be within normal limits. The implications of this are discussed in relation to current theories of the cause of the onset of labour. One case was diagnosed in utero by estimation of steroids in amniotic fluid.
SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC ASSAY OF SERUM CYSTINE AMINOPEPTIDASE IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC PREGNANCY COMPARED WITH TOTAL OESTROGEN EXCRETION
Authors: Chapman L. , Silk E. , Skupny A. , Tooth E. A. , Barnes A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of serum cystine aminopeptidase, an enzyme normally produced in increasing amounts during pregnancy, has been evaluated. The clinical application of this method in normal and diabetic pregnancies has been compared with that of measuring urinary total oestrogens. There is a statistically significant difference in cystine aminopeptidase values in diabetic patients whereas no such difference could be demonstrated when using total oestrogen assay.
THE ESTIMATION OF OESTRIOL IN AMNIOTIC FLUID: A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS
Authors: Klopper A. , Michie Eileen , Aleem Fatma 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAliquots from 30 samples of liquor amnii were analyzed for oestriol in Aberdeen, Belfast and Edinburgh, using the methods evolved in each centre. The results from the three centres were related in the sense that values which were found to be low in one centre were low also in the others, and similarly, high values in one centre were high also in the other two. The correlation between Edinburgh and Belfast was least close and that between Edinburgh and Aberdeen was closest. The mean Edinburgh result was 125 per cent of the Aberdeen value and the mean Belfast result 322 per cent of the Aberdeen value.
LAPAROSCOPIC STERILIZATION AND FOLLOW‐UP HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAM
Authors: Jordan J. A. , Edwards R. Logan , Pearson J. , Maskery P. J. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOver a period of three years 910 patients have been subjected to laparoscopic sterilization of which 443 have had a follow‐up hysterosalpingogram. The results are discussed.Laparoscopic sterilization is safe and efficient.With only 24 to 36 hours in hospital the method is acceptable to women with home responsibilities. Bridge Hospital, County Durham.
GROWTH OF THE FETAL BIPARIETAL DIAMETER DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Campbell Stuart , Newman G. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe fetal biparietal diameter was measured by ultrasound during normal pregnancy. The range of biparietal diameter values for each week of pregnancy from 13 weeks until term (1029 measurements) was determined and longitudinal data (646 measurements) were used to illustrate the variation in growth rate according to fetal maturity, head size and weight.
THE EFFECT OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN ON STEROIDOGENESIS IN THE CORPUS LUTEUM
Authors: Stock R. J. , Josimovich J. B. , Kosor B. , Klopper A. , Wilson G. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHuman chorionic gonadotrophin was given every other day to 8 women during 11 luteal phases and their excretion of oestrone and pregnanediol compared with the excretion of these steroids during an untreated luteal phase. Some of these subjects were also given chorionic somatomammotrophin while being treated with chorionic gonadotrophin. It was found that treatment with chorionic gonadotrophin resulted in an increase of ovarian hormone excretion and that the steroid levels remained elevated while the onset of menstruation was postponed. A decline in steroid excretion and menstruation eventually occurred in spite of continued treatment with chorionic gonadotrophin. There was no evidence that the administration of chorionic somatomammotrophin had any effect on ovarian steroidogenesis.
OUT‐PATIENT MANAGEMENT OF TOXAEMIA
Authors: Mathews D. D. , Patel I. R. , Sengupta S. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring 1969 and 1970 toxaemic patients attending the antenatal clinic at Sheppey General Hospital were admitted only if one or more of the following criteria were satisfied:1. The urine contained albumin on testing with Albustix.2. Urinary oestriol excretion was unsatisfactory.3. The obstetric condition and duration of gestation were such that either labour was to be induced or the baby delivered by elective Caesarean section.No case of eclampsia was seen. A maternal death followed a Caesarean section for accidental haemorrhage. The perinatal death rate in toxaemic patients fell from 4·8 to 3·1 per cent. The hospital bed days utilized by toxaemic patients were reduced by 72 per cent. Tt was concluded that testing of the urine for albumin by the patient herself might replace early admission in the prevention of eclampsia and that neither admission nor placental function testing were necessary for the protection of the baby in non‐albuminuric toxaemia unless there was evidence of impaired fetal growth.
RETICULOCYTE COUNTING AND THE HAEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO INTRAVENOUS IRON INFUSION IN PREGNANCY ANAEMIA
Authors: Chan W. H. , Whitfield C. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTotal dose iron‐dextran infusion is a practical and effective procedure for the treatment of most cases of severe or moderately severe pregnancy anaemia. A post‐infusion reticulocyte count is advocated to forecast the likely haemoglobin response. With this procedure, and provided that further regular haemoglobin estimations are made, it is suggested that routine simultaneous administration of folic acid is not necessary. An unsatisfactory reticulocyte response should draw attention to the likelihood of either urinary tract infection or megaloblastic anaemia. Early recognition of the latter important complication is therefore facilitated by the recommended regime.
CLINICAL AND ENDOCRINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DYSMATURITY AND THE USE OF INTERMITTENT ABDOMINAL DECOMPRESSION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: MacRae D. J. , Mohamedally S. M. , Willmot M. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn dysmaturity there is a high perinatal mortality, which is increased when associated with prematurity or maternal complications of pregnancy. Oestriol monitoring of cases of suspected retardation of fetal growth was found to be a valuable aid in the recognition of fetal jeopardy. A significant rise in oestriol output and an increase in mean pregnanediol excretion occurs with intermittent abdominal decompression. The therapeutic use of abdominal decompression is shown in a series of cases and its effect on the feto‐placental circulation discussed. Because patients who have had dysmature babies have an increased risk of abortion and of recurrence of retardation of fetal growth with complications of pregnancy and labour, obstetric care should be planned from the beginning of pregnancy.
ECLAMPSIA COMPLICATING A SEVEN‐MONTH PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED WITH HYDATIDIFORM CHANGE IN THE PLACENTA
Authors: Chapman Kenneth , Arey David K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of eclampsia complicating a 29‐weeks pregnancy associated with hydatidi‐form change in the placenta is reported and a possible explanation for the occurrence of postpartum eclampsia of late onset is suggested.
AMNIOTIC FLUID TOTAL HYDROXYPROLINE AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH
Authors: Wharton B. A. , Foulds J. W. , Fraser I. D. , Pennock C. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn normal pregnancy amniotic fluid total hydroxyproline concentration rose to a peak around the 28th week, before falling steadily to term while creatinine concentration was at first constant and then rose rapidly to maximum values at term. The total hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio reached a zenith around 17 weeks and then fell rapidly. Total hydroxyproline concentrations tended to be lower in those pregnancies producing small‐for‐dates babies and those at particular risk of intrauterine growth retardation.The total hydroxyproline : creatinine ratio in the first urine passed by babies was a little higher than the amniotic fluid from the pregnancy concerned. After birth the urinary ratio rose rapidly.There is some evidence that changes in amniotic fluid total hydroxyproline and total hydroxyproline : creatinine ratio are related to intrauterine growth. Further information particularly from other animals is required.A determination of amniotic fluid total hydroxyproline may eventually prove to be clinically useful when considering induction of labour for pre‐eclampsia or maternal loss of weight towards term but a more intensive study during this period of pregnancy will be necessary before a firm, clinically useful conclusion can be made.
ASSESSMENT OF GESTATIONAL AGE AND PREDICTION OF DYSMATURITY BY ULTRASONIC FETAL CEPHALOMETRY
Authors: Willocks James , Dunsmore Ian R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUltrasonic measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter, as used in the clinical practice of a maternity hospital, gave 641 measurements taken during 387 single pregnancies. These measurements were correlated with gestational age and birth‐weight. A standard growth curve was derived which can be used in the assessment of maturity. A chart has also been prepared to aid in the prediction of dysmaturity from an initial reading of the biparietal diameter. These diagrams can be used to interpret the significance of measurements but it is emphasized that serial readings give the best basis for decisions in the individual case.
SITE OF ACTION OF CLOMIPHENE AND ITS USE AS A TEST OF PITUITARY FUNCTION
Authors: Newton John , Dixon Peter 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial 24‐hour urine samples have been assayed for total oestrogens, LH and FSH. Thirty‐five clomiphene treatment cycles (dose range 50–200 mg. per day for five days) in oligomenorrhoeic women were monitored. Twenty‐eight patients ovulated and all showed a gonadotrophin increase which preceded any change in oestrogen. Thirty patients with secondary amenorrhoea were given 100 to 200 mg. of clomiphene and in 21 patients there was a rise in gonadotrophins that preceded any change in oestrogen.Seven male patients also showed a significant increase in ICSH after clomiphene. Five patients with hypopituitarism following hypophysectomy for chromophobe adenoma showed no change in oestrogen or LH with clomiphene treatment. One patient with partial hypopituitarism showed an increase in LH which preceded any change in oestrogen.It is concluded that the main action of clomiphene is at the hypothalamic‐pituitary level and accordingly the use of clomiphene as a test of pituitary function for gonadotrophins has been suggested, as its site of action appears to be on the hypothalamic pituitary axis.
THERAPEUTIC ABORTION BY INTRAUTERINE INSTILLATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: Roberts G. , Cassie R. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntrauterine instillation of prostaglandin E2 was used in an attempt to induce abortion in 20 pregnancies of less than 12 weeks gestation. The technique failed altogether in 7 patients, and achieved only incomplete abortion in the remaining 13. Evidence of uterine infection developed in 4 patients. The results obtained have not encouraged the continuing use of the method for terminating early pregnancy in this centre.
THE USE OF QUINACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE FOR THE CONTROL OF MALIGNANT SEROUS EFFUSIONS
Authors: Lee M. , Boyes D. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNine of 16 gynaecological patients with a persistent malignant effusion in whom no further irradiation or chemotherapy appeared possible appeared to have relief of their effusions after intraperitoneal administration of quinacrine hydrochloride (Atabrine).