bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of swelling pressure in paulownia and Norway spruce during moisture absorption
Authors: Al-musawi Hajir , Emsenhuber Gerhard , Ungerer Bernhard , Baumann Georg , Feist Florian , Müller Ulrich 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wood hybrid materials have gained significant attention for advanced technical applications over the past decade. In contrast to other materials, wood’s hygroscopic nature causes swelling and shrinkage, leading to differential expansion in hybrid systems under varying humidity conditions. When wood’s swelling is restrained by surrounding materials, stresses develop within both the wood and its adjacent components. To study this phenomenon, swelling tests were conducted on kiln-dried paulownia (Paulownia elongata) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) in a climate chamber at 20 °C and 98% relative humidity, with expansion restricted in one direction. Moisture absorption initially exhibited a steep, linear increase, levelling off after approximately 2 h. Swelling pressures rose sharply, peaking after 30 h for paulownia and 19 h for spruce, before gradually decreasing due to increased moisture content and relaxation. The measured stresses were lower than the compressive strengths of both wood species at their respective moisture contents. Microscopic examinations showed no cellular damage in paulownia during moisture absorption due to swelling pressure. In contrast, spruce wood displayed cell wall deformations and ray’s kinking in the early wood region of radial samples, as well as cell wall bending in tangential samples. This indicates that maximum stress is determined by the localised failure of the wood’s cellular structure rather than its overall properties. Such local effects were more pronounced in spruce than in paulownia due to their different structure. As a result, paulownia shows excellent potential for use in hybrid structures due to its low swelling and shrinkage properties and uniform structure.
Discrepancies in the number of lines of arrested growth (LAG) in the tissues of the humerus and phalanx of sea turtles
Authors: Sandık Emre , Sönmez Bektaş , Özdilek Şükran Yalçın 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Information on the age of vertebrate species such as sea turtles is crucial for planning management and conservation actions. The age of sea turtles has been estimated by skeletochronological analysis using skeletal growth marks in different bones. This study focused on the consistency of the number of visible lines of arrested growth (LAG) observed from the humerus and phalanx bone used for age estimation in Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta. We collected 67 humeri and phalanges of C. mydas (n = 47) and C. caretta (n = 20) from Samandağ beach, eastern Mediterranean in 2020–2022. LAG in the humerus and phalanx of the same individual were counted by two readers, and their consistency with each other was determined by percent agreement (PA), average percent error (APE), and coefficient of variation (CV). The significance of the difference between them was determined by the McNemar test. The mean number of visible LAG counted from the humerus is greater than the mean number of visible LAG counted from the phalanx, i.e., the humerus contains more growth marks than the phalanx. However, in individuals up to 15 LAG in C. mydas and 10 LAG in C. caretta, the mean number of visible LAG observed in both bone tissues is compatible. This was supported by the differences in the resorption rates calculated in both bones, indicating that the number of LAG lost due to resorption may also differ between these two bone types. It is recommended that the back calculation and/or correction factor applied for the humerus be avoided for the phalanx.
From pink collar to lab coat: cultural persistence and diffusion of socialist gender norms
Authors: Friedman-Sokuler Naomi , Senik Claudia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study vertical transmission and societal diffusion of gender norms using the large immigration wave from the former Soviet Union (FSU) to Israel in the early 1990’s. Tracking the educational choices of an entire cohort, born in 1988–89, we compare gender gaps among immigrants from the FSU versus natives and immigrants from other countries. We find smaller gender gaps among FSU immigrants in both traditionally male-dominated STEM fields and female-dominated pink collar jobs, e.g., education and social work. These patterns are largely driven by the behavior of FSU women and are not explained by early achievement levels or comparative advantage. Leveraging variation in the concentration of FSU immigrants across middle schools, we find that among natives, gender gaps narrow with the exposure to FSU immigrants, reflecting a shift in the choice patterns of native women towards STEM and away from pink collar fields.
Generation of ribosomal protein S1 mutants for improving of expression of difficult to translate mRNAs
Authors: Niemelä Laura R. K. , Pásztor András , Frey Alexander D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metagenomes present a source for novel enzymes, but under 1% of environmental microbes are cultivatable. Because of its useful properties, Escherichia coli has been used as a host organism in functional genomic screens. However, due to differing expression machineries in the expression host compared to the source organism of the DNA sequences, screening outcomes can be biased. Here, we focused on one of the limiting processes—translation initiation. To that end, we created an operon-like screening system in E. coli to select mutants of the ribosomal protein S1 with more relaxed sequence requirements for 5’-untranslated regions of mRNAs. We created two mutation libraries of the ribosomal protein S1, one covering domains 3 and 4 (D3-D4) and the second covering domains 3 to 5 (D3-D5). Most mutants from library D3-D4 proofed to be specific for a particular UTR sequence and improved only expression from a single construct. Only mutant 3 from library D3-D4 led to increased expression of four different reporters improving fluorescence levels by up to 21%. Mutants isolated from D3-D5 library led up to 90% higher expression compared to the control, though the mutants with highest improvements exhibited a specialist phenotype. The most promising mutant, mutant 4, exhibited a generalist phenotype and showed increased expression in all six reporter strains compared to the control. This could indicate the potential for a more promiscuous translation initiation of metagenomic sequences in E. coli although at the price of smaller increases compared to specialist mutants.

Key points

• An operon-like selection system allowed to isolate generalist and specialist S1 mutants.

• S1 mutants improved translation of mRNAs with 5'-UTRs from metagenomic sequences.

• Use of S1 mutants could increase coverage from metagenomic libraries in functional screens.
Integrated patient-to-room and nurse-to-patient assignment in hospital wards
Authors: Brandt Tabea , Klein Tom Lorenz , Reuter-Oppermann Melanie , Schäfer Fabian , Thielen Clemens , de Vrugt Maartje van , Viana Joe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Assigning patients to rooms and nurses to patients are critical tasks within hospitals that directly affect patient and staff satisfaction, quality of care, and hospital efficiency. Both patient-to-room assignments and nurse-to-patient assignments are typically agreed upon at the ward level, and they interact in several ways, such as jointly determining the walking distances nurses cover between different patient rooms. This provides the motivation to consider both problems jointly in an integrated fashion. This paper presents the first optimization models and algorithms for the integrated patient-to-room and nurse-to-patient assignment problem. We provide a mixed integer programming formulation of the integrated problem that considers the typical objectives from the single problems and additional objectives that can only be properly evaluated when integrating both problems. Moreover, motivated by the inherent complexity that results from integrating these two NP-hard and already computationally challenging problems, we devise an efficient heuristic for the integrated patient-to-room and nurse-to-patient assignment problem. We conduct extensive computational experiments on both artificial and real-world instances to evaluate the runtime and quality of the solution obtained with the heuristic. The artificial instances are generated by a parameterized instance generator for the integrated problem that is made freely available.
Precipitation variability in CMIP6 climate models across the North Atlantic–European region and their Links to Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Plavcová Eva , Lhotka Ondřej , Beranová Romana , Dubrovský Martin , Skalák Petr 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Long-term changes in climate variability represent an important aspect of climate change, with various impacts on society and environment. In this study, we analyze outputs from 13 CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs) across the North Atlantic–European domain, focusing on their simulations of precipitation probability and short-term variability in both historical and future climates. Precipitation probability denotes the probability of a wet day (> 1 mm), and precipitation variability reflects the tendency to cluster wet days into sequences. By comparing against the ERA5 reanalysis, we found that the GCMs tend to overestimate precipitation probability across Europe in winter, whereas in summer, they have a tendency to underestimate it around 50°N. Precipitation variability is, on average, underestimated by the GCMs in summer, while overestimated in several regions in winter. Projections for the end of the twenty-first century indicate significant changes in both precipitation probability and variability which are more pronounced under the more pessimistic emission scenario compared to the moderate one. We found that the changes in probability and variability are mutually independent: the former being more latitudinal-dependent while the latter differs between the west and east. After identifying atmospheric circulation conducive and non-conducive to precipitation occurrence, we found that GCMs overestimating the frequency of conducive circulation tend to overestimate precipitation probability, and vice versa. Furthermore, increased precipitation variability is associated with higher circulation variability. Finally, our analysis reveals that projected changes in precipitation probability and variability are often linked to projected changes in atmospheric circulation, especially in winter.
Continuous local infiltration analgesia is equal to femoral and sciatic nerve block for total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Simon Christoph , Schwab Matthias , Ackermann Hanns , Krüerke Lukas , Meininger Dirk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain. Pain control is crucial for rapid mobilisation and reduces side effects as well as the length of hospital stay. In this context, a variety of multimodal pain control regimes show good pain relief, including several nerve blocks, iPACK and local infiltration analgesia (LIA). To compare the analgesic potency of LIA and the combination of continuous femoral nerve block + sciatic single-shot nerve block under general anaesthesia, we conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, non-blinded single-centre study.

Method
139 ASA I-III Patients were enrolled in the study, randomised into two groups. The LIA group received an intra- and periarticular infiltration containing a mix of ropivacaine 0,2%, adrenaline and ketorolac, followed by an infusion of the same mixture for 48 h via an intraarticular catheter. The patients in the FEM group received a combination of continuous femoral nerve block with a catheter using 30 ml prilocaine 1% and ropivacaine 0,2% plus a single-shot sciatic nerve block via an antero-medial approach (landmark-based technique) with 20 ml ropivacaine 0,75%. Postoperative pain scores were analysed during the first two postoperative days, as well as opioid consumption, the degree of knee movement and the occurrence of infections in both groups applying the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, Friedman chi-square test and the Log-rank-test.

Results
No significant difference in pain scores, opioid consumption, time to first rescue analgesia, knee range of motion, age, height, weight and ASA could be detected. No severe side effects, such as secondary bleeding or infections, were reported.

Conclusion
Both techniques are well established, provide equal pain relief for TKA and support early postoperative mobilisation.

Trial Registration
DRKS 00027145 08/12/2021. “retrospectively registered”.
Feasibility and effects of cognitive training on cognition and psychosocial function in Huntington’s disease: a randomised pilot trial
Authors: Huynh Katharine , Jamadar Sharna D. , Lampit Amit , Siddiqui M. Navyaan , Stout Julie C. , Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cognitive, physical, and psychiatric symptoms. Computerised cognitive training (CCT) is a novel intervention that aims to improve and maintain cognitive functions through repeated practice. The effects of CCT have yet to be established in HD. This randomised pilot trial examined the feasibility of a large scale trial to assess efficacy of multidomain CCT in pre-manifest and early-stage HD.

Methods
28 participants were randomised to either at-home CCT (2 × 60 min sessions per week for 12 weeks; n = 13) or lifestyle education through monthly newsletters (n = 15). Participants completed cognitive tasks and questionnaires at baseline and follow up, either in person (n = 18) or via video teleconferencing (n = 10).

Results
All participants were retained at follow up, and adherence to CCT ranged from 96 to 100%, with 11/13 participants completing all sessions. Preliminary analyses showed evidence of a large effect of CCT on task switching and response inhibition, compared to lifestyle education. There was no evidence of specific benefit to other cognitive domains (processing speed, basic and divided attention, working memory), or psychosocial functions (subjective cognition, mood, health-related quality of life).

Discussion
Whilst retention and adherence rates were high, recruitment rates were low, suggesting that a large scale trial may be feasible with some modifications to increase recruitment rates, such as by reducing time burden associated with the study, and using a multi-site trial design. Potential effects on cognitive functioning warrant further investigation.

Clinical trial registration: The trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000908730).
A consistently linearized spectral stochastic finite element formulation for geometric nonlinear composite shells
Authors: Panther Lukas , Wagner Werner , Freitag Steffen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Material and geometrical properties have a major influence on the structural behavior of geometric nonlinear shell structures. Therefore, uncertain structural parameters have to be considered within the context of stochastic structural analysis. The Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is a widely used method for estimating statistical properties of the random structural response. Considering the computation time, however, this technique is challenging for complex finite element (FE) models and requires numerical efficient surrogate modelling approaches. An efficient way to propagate parametric uncertainties through complex models is the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE). Within the spectral stochastic finite element method (SFEM), the PCE is integrated into the FE formulation of structural elements. The application of the SFEM to geometrical nonlinear mechanical structures remains comparatively unexplored. In this paper, we present a geometric nonlinear spectral stochastic shell formulation. We use a layerwise formulation of the linear elastic material law to describe the behavior of composite materials. In order to apply Newton’s method during the nonlinear solution procedure, all equations are consistently linearized to achieve a quadratic convergence in the iteration behavior. Two numerical examples show the applicability and efficiency of the presented spectral stochastic FE formulation. The SFEM results show a very good agreement compared to the results of the MCS. Special focus is set on the polynomial basis, which has a significant influence on the quality of the results, but also on the computational effort. We show, that the SFEM calculation provides a surrogate model, that can be used efficiently for further post-processing computations.
Outcomes after surgical repair of primary parastomal hernia
Authors: Djebbara-Bozo Nulvin , Zinther Nellie B. , Søgaard Anette , Friis-Andersen Hans 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Parastomal hernia is a frequent complication after stoma construction, with increasing incidence over time. Surgical repair is reported with a high recurrence rate and the evidence on the topic is limited. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the incidence of recurrence after parastomal hernia repair and assessed the risk factors and predictors for recurrence at the Regional Hernia Center at Horsens Regional Hospital, Denmark.

Methods
119 patients underwent primary parastomal hernia repair from January 2017 until April 2021. Mean follow-up period was 72 months. Information including demographic data, non-modifiable risk factors and modifiable risk factors were assessed and analyzed using LASSO to select relevant predictors and GLM was employed hereafter.

Results
Multivariate analysis showed that age, diabetes, IBD, constipation, and fecal incontinence were strong pre-operative predictors, with age, IBD, ileostomy, and colorectal cancer also reaching significance in univariate analyses. Post-operatively, EHS classification 1, and Clavien Dindo Grade 3b were identified as strong predictors in univariate analyses.

Conclusion
Recurrence after parastomal hernia repair was 17.64% during a follow-up period of minimum 3.5 years.
Risk factors of posthemorrhagic seizure in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Imsamer Apisut , Sitthinamsuwan Bunpot , Tansirisithikul Chottiwat , Nunta-aree Sarun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Seizure is a relatively common neurological consequence after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). This study aimed to investigate risk factors of early, late, and overall seizures in patients with SICH. Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with SICH who completed two years of follow-up. The variables collected were obtained from demographic, clinical, radiographic and treatment data, in-hospital complications, and follow-up results. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were used to identify risk factors for post-hemorrhagic stroke seizure. Of 400 SICH patients recruited, 30 (7.5%) and 40 (10%) developed early and late seizures during the 2-year follow-up period, respectively. In the final result of the multivariate analysis, factors associated with the occurrence of the early seizure included lobar location of hematoma (p = 0.018), and GCS ≤ 12 on initial clinical presentation (p = 0.007). Factors associated with the occurrence of the late seizure included lobar location of hematoma (p = 0.001), volume of hematoma greater than 10 ml (p = 0.009), and midline shift on initial cranial CT (p = 0.036). Risk factors of the overall seizure after SICH included lobar location of hematoma (p < 0.001), volume of hematoma greater than 10 ml (p < 0.001), and craniotomy with evacuation of hematoma (p = 0.007). Furthermore, seizure was also associated with a poor functional outcome 2 years after the onset of SICH. Several factors associated with the appearance of post-ICH seizures were revealed. In patients with increased risk of post-SICH seizures, appropriate surveillance and management of seizures should be carried out.
Pathophysiology, symptoms, outcomes, and evaluation of hyponatremia: comprehension and best clinical practice
Authors: Sumi Hirofumi , Tominaga Naoto , Fujita Yoshiro , Verbalis Joseph G. ,   and the Electrolyte Winter Seminar, Collaborative Group, Fujimaru Takuya , Hirose Kazuhito , Kawada Kyogo , Monkawa Toshiaki , Nagahama Masahiko , Ogata Masatomo , Ryuge Akihiro , Shibagaki Yugo , Shimizu Hideaki , Terashita Maho , Yazawa Masahiko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This review article series on water and electrolyte disorders is based on the 'Electrolyte Winter Seminar' held annually for young nephrologists in Japan. The seminar includes lively discussions based on cases, which are also partly included in this series as self-assessment questions. The first article in this series focuses on pathophysiology, symptoms, outcomes, and evaluation of hyponatremia, a common water and electrolyte disorder in clinical practice. Diagnosing the root cause(s) of hyponatremia can be challenging due to various etiologies and co-morbidities that affect water and electrolyte homeostasis, which can result in inappropriate management and worse outcomes in acute and chronic hyponatremia. This review provides an overview of pathophysiology, symptoms, outcomes, and evaluation of hyponatremia for better comprehension and improved clinical practice.
Low-impact, near real-time risk assessment for legacy IT infrastructures
Authors: Kail Eszter , Riethné Nagy Annamária , Fleiner Rita , Bánáti Anna , Rigó Ernő 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In an era where cybersecurity threats are evolving at an unprecedented pace, this paper introduces a methodology for near real-time risk assessment of high-profile, high security infrastructures, where data security and operational continuity inherently limits observability. Our approach addresses the challenges of this limited observability and minimized disruption, offering a new perspective on processing and evaluating cybersecurity knowledge. We present an innovative method that leverages attack graphs and attacker behavior analysis to assess risks and vulnerabilities. Our research includes the development of an automated risk assessment mechanism, graphical security modeling, and a Markov chain-based model for attacker behavior. Our methodology utilizes a blend of direct and indirect event sources, incorporating an attacker behavioral model based on a random walk method akin to Google’s PageRank. The proof-of-concept solution calculates potential risk according to the actual threat landscape, providing a more accurate and timely assessment.