bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenium Speciation in Se-enriched Grape as Quantified and Identified by HPLC- ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Zhong Jia , Meng Jinming , Li Huawei , Zhu Shengqi , Wu Na 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Selenium is an important microelement for animals. The main source of selenium for human is plants. Thus, we planted Se-enriched grapes which were sprayed with various concentrations (40, 80, 120, 160, 200 mg/kg) of sodium selenite over a period of four months prior to the fruit-bearing stage and examined Se speciation by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The total content of Se in the grapes was found to increase with increasing concentrations of applied selenium. However, the contents of three selenoamino acids, Se-MeSeCys, Se-Met and Se-Cys2, also increased, but only up to 120 mg/kg applied selenium in the case of Se-MeSeCys, and 160 mg/kg in the cases of Se-Met and Se-Cys2, with further increases in applied selenium resulting in decreased levels of these selenoamino acids. Se-Met was found to present in the highest level, reaching a maximum concentration of 31 g/kg. Overall, the percentage of total Se being converted to the three selenoamino acids was rather low (<2.07%). However, the application of sodium selenium appeared to have no detrimental effect on the grape vines, even at the maximum concentration used. Taken together, the results suggested that exogenously applied Se had some benefits on its conversion to organic form or selenoamino acids.
Multidecadal variability of the ENSO teleconnection to Europe in early-winter and implications for seasonal forecasting
Authors: Fernández-Castillo Pablo , Losada Teresa , Rodríguez-Fonseca Belén , García-Maroto Diego , Mohino Elsa , Durán Luis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the climate of the North Atlantic and Europe (NAE) are season-dependent and, in some cases, neither symmetric nor stationary. Generally, ENSO teleconnections involve different tropospheric mechanisms, depending on the ocean background state. However, the impacts and mechanisms of the ENSO teleconnection to NAE in early-winter (November-December) remain unclear. Here, the teleconnection is analysed for different sea surface temperature background states of the Pacific Ocean. Using gridded reanalysis and observational datasets, the results reveal that the teleconnection is not stationary and has changed with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phase, leading to distinct impacts on the surface climate in Europe. The SEAS5 dynamical seasonal prediction model from ECMWF accurately captures ENSO as a source of early-winter predictability over Europe. Moreover, the model's teleconnection and predictive capability show multi-decadal variability. This implies the emergence of windows of opportunity for seasonal forecasting, where predictability may be higher than initially expected.
Planet formation and long-term stability in a very eccentric stellar binary
Authors: Stegmann Jakob , Grishin Evgeni , Johnston Cole , Eisner Nora , Justham Stephen , de Mink Selma , Perets Hagai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Planets orbiting one of the two stars in a binary are vulnerable to gravitational perturbations from the other star. Particularly, highly eccentric companion stars risk disrupting planetary orbits, such as in the extreme system TOI 4633 where close encounters between the companion and a gas giant planet in the habitable zone make it one of the most fragile systems discovered so far. Here, we report that TOI 4633's planet likely survived these encounters throughout the system's age by orbiting retrograde relative to the binary, stabilised by the Coriolis force. Using direct N-body simulations, we show it otherwise tends to collide with the binary stars or becomes free-floating after getting ejected. A retrograde planetary orbit has profound implications for TOI 4633's formation and evolution, suggesting an extraordinary history where its eccentric companion was likely randomly captured after planet formation in a single-star system. Alternatively, if stars and planet are born in situ from the same gas clump, we show the planet must have formed at sub-snow-line distances, contrary to the conventional core-accretion model. Our study highlights the importance of considering the long-term stability (>Gyr) of planets in eccentric binaries and demonstrates that the mere existence in such dynamically hostile environments places strong constraints on their orbital configuration and formation.
Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Pediatric Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit at a University Teaching Hospital in Southeastern Ethiopia: Insights from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wubishet Mesfin , Gelaye Solomon , Aman Tahir , Shimelis Betre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: Pediatric mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs) are much higher in developing countries compared to high-income nations. Although advancements in pediatric intensive care have improved outcomes worldwide, resource-limited settings still face significant challenges. The high burden of disease and mortality from preventable illnesses further complicate patient outcomes in these under-resourced ICUs. In Ethiopia, there is limited published data on pediatric ICU outcomes and their influencing factors. This study aimed to assess survival status and identify predictors of mortality among pediatric patients admitted to the ICU at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital.
Methods: An Institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted in the ICU, involving 305 pediatric patients admitted between September 2023 and November 2024. We consecutively recruited eligible patients and followed them until they were either censored or died. Kaplan Meier was used to compare patient survival experiences and Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of ICU mortality. The strength of associations was measured using hazard ratios, and statistical significance was determined at a P-value of <0.05.
Results: In this cohort, A total of 129/305 patients died during the follow-up time, yielding an overall mortality of 42.3%. The mortality incidence was 7.1 deaths per 100 person-days of observation (95% CI: 5.86–8.32 deaths per 100 person-days), with a median survival time of 10 days. The independent predictors of ICU mortality include: Lack of health insurance (AHR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.22–3.39; P = .007), Presence of multi-organ dysfunction (AHR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.09–2.73; P = .019), Elevated creatinine levels (AHR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.13–2.93; P = .013), Hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL (AHR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.15–2.60; P = .008), and Higher PIM 2 scores (AHR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.03–2.43; P = .038).
Conclusion: The study found a concerningly high mortality rate among pediatric patients in the ICU. Key predictors of ICU mortality included elevated creatinine levels, higher PIM 2 scores, hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL, lack of health insurance, and the presence of multi-organ dysfunction. These findings underscore the urgent need for early intervention strategies targeting these risk factors, particularly in high-risk patients, to enhance outcomes in pediatric critical care and significantly reduce ICU mortality rates.
Feedback control over plasma drug concentrations achieves rapid and accurate control over solid-tissue drug concentrations
Authors: Emmons Nicole , Duman Zeki , Erdal Murat , Kippin Tod , Hespanha Joao , Plaxco Kevin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors enable the continuous, real-time monitoring of drugs and biomarkers in situ in the blood, brain, and peripheral tissues of live subjects. The real-time concentration information produced by these sensors provides unique opportunities to perform closed-loop, feedback-controlled drug delivery, by which the plasma concentration of a drug can be held constant or made to follow a specific, time-varying profile. Motivated by the observation that the site of action of many drugs is the solid tissues and not the blood, here we experimentally confirm that maintaining constant plasma drug concentrations also produces constant concentrations in the interstitial fluid (ISF). Using an intravenous EAB sensor we performed feedback control over the concentration of doxorubicin, an anthracycline chemotherapeutic, in the plasma of live rats. Using a second sensor placed in the subcutaneous space, we find drug concentrations in the ISF rapidly (30–60 min) match and then accurately (RMS deviation of 8–21%) remain at the feedback-controlled plasma concentration, validating the use of feedback-controlled plasma drug concentrations to control drug concentrations in the solid tissues that are the site of drug action. We expanded to pairs of sensors in the ISF, the outputs of the individual sensors track one another with good precision (R2 = 0.95–0.99), confirming that the performance of in vivo EAB sensors matches that of prior, in vitro validation studies. These observations suggest EAB sensors could prove a powerful new approach to the high-precision personalization of drug dosing.
Profiles and Associated Factors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Chinese rural older adults : A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Wu Qing , Wang Lie , Yuan Yaocheng , Du Bingnan , Wang Xiaoxi , Liu Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
With the development of society, the problem of population aging is becoming increasingly severe. The degree of population aging in rural areas of China is higher than in urban areas, and the gap continues to widen, making the ‘urban-rural inversion’ of aging evident. To actively respond to aging, understanding the current status of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its influencing factors in rural older adults, and taking positive measures to improve the HRQoL of the older adults is particularly important. This study aims to explore the HRQoL profiles and associated factors among rural older adults in China.
Methods
A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to survey 5,435 rural older adults in nine prefectural cities of Guizhou Province, China, between May 2024 and October 2024. The eight dimensions of the SF-12 were used as input variables for latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the profiles of HRQoL. Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to examine the relationship between latent HRQoL’ s profiles and associated factors.
Results
The LPA identified four potential profiles: ‘Low HRQoL (8.8%)’, ‘Moderate HRQoL (61.8%)’, ‘High Vitality-Health, Emotional Challenges (5.8%)’, and ‘High HRQoL (23.6%)’. Using P4 (High HRQoL) as a reference, previous occupation as a farmer and chronic disease were more likely to be in the P1 (Low HRQoL) subgroup; previous occupation as a farmer and primary caregiver as a child were more likely to be in the P2 (Moderate HRQoL) subgroup; primary caregiver as a child and more community recreational activities were more likely to be in the P3 (High Vitality-Health, Emotional Challenges) subgroup; educational attainment, annual economic income, number of children, self-care status, occupation, chronic disease, social recreational activities, perceived social support, general self-efficacy and sleep quality were influential factors in the HRQoL rural older adults.
Conclusion
Using the sub-dimensions of the SF-12, HRQoL characteristics of older adults in rural China can be identified. This study identified four distinct HRQoL profiles among rural older adults in Guizhou Province: the conventional ‘High HRQoL’, ‘Moderate HRQoL’, and ‘Low HRQoL’ subgroups, as well as a unique ‘High Vitality-Health, Emotional Challenges’ subgroup. Factors associated with different HRQoL profiles, compared to the ‘High HRQoL’ group, include education level, occupation, household income, number of children, self-care ability, chronic diseases, primary caregiver, participation in community activities, perceived social support, general self-efficacy and sleep quality. These findings provide a basis for designing targeted interventions to improve HRQoL among older adults with different profiles.
Serum Magnesium is correlated with Muscle Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pei Lili , Yang Qiao , Liu Yuantao , Hu Wenchao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
A higher risk of low muscle mass with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to evaluate the association of serum Mg with low muscle mass in T2DM patients.
Methods
This study included 1074 T2DM patients, the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and serum Mg level were measured, and other clinical data were collected. Logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis were used to determine the associations between Mg and low muscle mass or SMI.
Results
The prevalence of low muscle mass was 20.28% in males and 14.20% in females, respectively. There was a negative correlation between Mg and SMI in females after multiple regression analyses. Compared with patients with Mg in the lowest quarter (Q1), the odds ratio of low muscle mass for those with Mg in the highest quarter (Q4) was 1.935 (p for trend = 0.022) in males. Compared with patients with Mg in Q1, the OR of Q4 was 2.712 (p for trend = 0.015) in females.
Conclusion
Low muscle mass in T2DM patients is associated with serum Mg levels. There was a linear trend and a significant correlation between high Mg and low muscle mass.
Assessment of Toxicity, Health Risks, and Environmental Impact of Trace Metals in River Sediments of the Middle Black Sea Region (Samsun, Turkey): Bioaccumulation Potential in the Freshwater Amphipod Hyallella azteca
Authors: ŞIMŞEK Arife 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The present work studied the sources, concentrations, distributions, and possible ecotoxicological risks of trace metals (TMs) in surface sediments of the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak Rivers, the largest rivers in the Black Sea Region of Türkiye, and the Mert and Engiz Rivers located between these rivers, to evaluate the region’s health risks and pollution status. Average TM concentrations were measured in mg/kg and ordered from smallest to largest as Cd (4.1) < Co (19.9) < Ni (31.6) < Cu (34.9) < Pb (37.8) < Cr (197.6) < Zn (213.9) < Al (24408.8) < Fe (35920). Seasonal changes were observed, especially during the dry season, and Pb, Zn, and Co concentrations were found to increase. Environmental risk assessment indices (EF, CF, Igeo, and PLI) indicated medium and high contamination levels and potential ecological impacts. Likewise, while TRI and ATI among toxicity assessment indices showed medium and high toxic levels, the highest individual growth rate (IGR) results of Hyallella azteca used in bioavailable TM assessment were observed in the control sediment (6.8). However, whereas the survival rate was 100% in the control sediment, it did not fall below 70% at the other sampling points. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) results showed that Cu, Cd, Co, and Ni metals accumulated in H. azteca tissues. Health risk results indicated no health risk for adults while demonstrating a slight health risk for children. Statistical analyses (PCC and PCA) showed the presence of anthropogenic, lithogenic TM sources and slight effects of industrial and agrogenic sources.
Anti-HCV antibodies: A battle for breadth and potency
Authors: Jamali Elham , Quadeer Ahmed Abdul , Tedla Nicodemus , McKay Matthew R. , Lloyd Andrew , Walker Melanie , Bull Rowena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are important for clearance of RNA virus infections. However, NAbs generated in response to RNA viruses exhibit diverse profiles of potency and breadth. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of NAbs targeting HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), SARS-CoV-2, and influenza based on their potency, measured by IC50 values, and breadth, assessed through the genetic diversity of the viruses neutralized by the NAbs. Our results reveal that while anti-HCV NAbs show a high breadth of neutralization, they are less potent and demonstrate inconsistent potency across different virus variants. These findings highlight the challenges in eliciting broad and potent antibody responses, which are essential for the development of effective vaccine strategies against HCV.
An Efficient Smoothing Algorithm for Range External Guidance Data Based on Dynamic Threshold and Adaptive Interpolation
Authors: Zhang Shixue , Cai Huihui , Wang Houfeng , Liu Shuai , He Qiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

To achieve real-time smoothing of external guidance data for photoelectric theodolites and ensure stable image acquisition, this paper proposes a field processing method based on dynamic thresholding and adaptive interpolation. First, to address outliers in the external guidance data, a method for dynamically calculating sample variance using an influence function is introduced. This approach constructs a dynamic discriminant threshold to process outliers in real time. Second, for the interpolation of external guidance data, the coherence of the interpolation calculations is evaluated, and the "stuck" external guidance data is categorized. Different strategies are applied based on the severity of the stuck condition, enabling real-time smooth interpolation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic threshold-based five-point extrapolation outlier elimination method achieves an average outlier detection rate of over 80% with a very low false alarm rate. The interpolation algorithm effectively handles both stuck and non-stuck external guidance data, producing smooth and coherent processing results. The proposed method has been successfully implemented in a naval range measurement platform, meeting the requirements of the trajectory measurement system.
MFTFF : multi-frame 3D object detection with temporal feature fusion
Authors: Meng Xin , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Min , Wang Cui , Lv Jiahang , kim Jonghyuk , Wang Shifeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In autonomous driving, 3D object detection is crucial. LiDAR continuously generate real-time point cloud, which serves as the foundation for 3D object detection. Traditional single-frame 3D detection methods typically rely on point cloud from individual time intervals. However, these methods often fail to fully utilize the temporal information in consecutive point cloud sequences, limiting their detection performance. In this work, the study introduces a novel architecture called the Multi-frame Temporal Feature Fusion Network (MFTFF). MFTFF enhances the features at the current time by effectively integrating the features from the point cloud sequence. The network includes the Multi-frame Feature Conversion and Alignment Module (MFCA). This module aligns different point cloud frames in the time series to a unified perspective. In addition, we introduce an efficient Multi-frame Feature Fusion Module(MFFF). This module performs a coarse-grained fusion through concatenation and a fine-grained fusion by using a temporal attention mechanism. This fusion strategy preserves the essential temporal information and improves the 3D object detection performance effectively. After the fusion, the final features are stored in the memory bank for continuous updates and iterations. This mechanism provides rich feature information for subsequent detection tasks. On the nuScenes dataset, MFTFF achieved 68.6% in NDS and 62.2% in mAP. Compared to the baseline method, MFTFF improved NDS by 1.3% and mAP by 1.9%.
Metaproteomics and metabonomics reveal the metabolic dysfunction of gut microbiota in Tibetan Minipigs in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shen Liye , Wang Jinlong , Pan Yongming , Cai Yueqin , Huang Junjie , Hu Huiying , Chen Minli , Ke Xianfu , Zhou Wenwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is fundamental in the development of cardiovascular disease. The unhealthy dietary habits, high fat and cholesterol intake could change the composition of gut microbes and metabolites which play a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, few studies have systematically investigated the metabolism of gut microbes in atherosclerosis. In this study, we build an atherosclerosis model using the Tibetan minipigs, then we identified metabolites in the feces and serum, and explored the functions of the gut microbiota by metaproteomics. We found that, in the feces, multiple signal pathways showed obvious metabolic dysfunction that could influence the abundance of blood metabolic products. Several metabolites such as 3-dehydro-2-deoxyecdysone from cholesterol metabolism, leukotriene B4 from arachidonic acid metabolism, indole-3-acetate and 3-hydroxyanthranilate from tryptophan metabolism, 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid from linoleic acid metabolism and 13(S)-HPOT from linolenic acid metabolism were significantly increased in the blood. These partially increasing metabolites were associated with inflammation that contributes the development of atherosclerosis. Our finding could provide novel clues for studying on the mechanism of arteriosclerosis.
SWSformer: Sub-Window Shuffle Transformer for Image Restoration
Authors: Shirai Masato , Okitsu Nagayuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Transformers have demonstrated superior performance over conventional methods in various tasks due to their ability to capture long-range dependencies and adaptively generate weights. However, their computational complexity increases quadratically with the number of tokens, limiting their applicability to high-resolution image tasks. Recent image restoration methods mitigate this by adopting mechanisms that sacrifice the ability to fully capture long-range dependencies. In contrast, Shuffle Transformer's window shuffle self-attention (WS-SA) is a mechanism that allows not only suppressing the computational complexity but also not restricting long-range dependency capture. Nevertheless, WS-SA has a problem that it causes a very sparse SA with a small receptive field for high-resolution images. In this work, we propose sub-window shuffle self-attention (SWS-SA), which is a mechanism to expand the receptive field without changing the computational complexity of WS-SA. In SWS-SA, the windows before shuffling are further partitioned into sub-windows, and shuffle is applied to them on a sub-window basis. After that, average pooling per sub-window is applied only to queries. Furthermore, we propose a Sub-Window Shuffle Transformer (SWSformer) that takes SWS-SA as its main mechanism and incorporates effective mechanisms proposed in related works. SWSformer achieves the same or better performance than state-of-the-art methods on denoising and deblurring tasks.