bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical and experimental investigation of the deviation of microparticles inside the microchannel using the vortices caused by the ICEK phenomenon
Authors: Ghadamgahi Seyed Mohammad Ehsan , Shahmardan Mohammad Mohsen , Nazari Mohsen , Mansouri Hamed , Hashemi Nicole N 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOne field of study in microfluidics is the control, trapping, and separation of microparticles suspended in fluid. Some of its applications are related to cell handling, virus detection, and so on. One of the new methods in this field is using ICEK phenomena and dielectrophoresis forces. In the present study, considering the ICEK phenomena, the microparticles inside the fluid are deviated in the desired ratio using a novel ICEK microchip. The deviation is such that after the microparticles reach the floating electrode, they are trapped in the ICEK flow vortex and deviated through a secondary channel that was placed crosswise and noncoplanar above the main channel. For simulation verification, an experimental test is done. The method used for making two noncoplanar channels and separating the particles in the desired ratio with a simple ICEK microchip is an innovation of the present study. Moreover, the adjustment of the percentage of separation of microparticles by adjusting the parameters of the applied voltage and fluid inlet velocity is one of the other innovations of the present experimental study. We observed that for input velocities of 150–1200 µm/s with applied voltages of 10–33 V, 100% of the particles can be directed toward the secondary‐channel.
Dry sliding wear characteristics of Al7075 alloy‐reinforced with SiC and cenosphere particles
Authors: Balaji Y. S. , Keerthiprasad K. S. , Babu E. R. , Om Prakash B. , Anjinappa Chandrashekar , Sharma Prabhakar , Razak Abdul , Wodajo Anteneh Wogasso 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAluminum metal matrix composite (AMMC) is employed in all engineering applications, most notably as a substitute for conventional metals in the fields of defense, automotive, and aerospace. AMMC should have a wide variety of structural, mechanical, thermal, wear, and corrosion qualities that may require mutually exclusive features at an optimal level to achieve this. The current research focuses on the stir casting process for producing SiC and cenosphere reinforced Al7075 alloys. The response surface method's (RSM) face‐centered central composite design (CCD) was used to design the number of experimental trials, and a response surface technique was enforced to forecast the optimum combination of processing variables in the wear process. The SiC reinforcement improved the wear resistance of Al7075‐SiC‐cenosphere composites substantially. Overall, the experiments show that Al7075‐6 wt% SiC‐5 wt% cenosphere has excellent tribological properties. The hybrid Al7075/SiC/Cenosphere composites were shown to be effective, fit, and suitable in the ideal wear process parameters (load of 10 N, sliding distance of 1000 m, and sliding velocity of 1.5 m/s) for lowering wear rate (0.38035 × 10−3 mm3/m) at 6wt% SiC reinforced composite. This suggests that the combination of SiC and cenosphere improves the wear resistance of AMMC.
Innovative energy storage system harnessing gravity and electromagnetic for sustainable power solutions
Authors: El Hammoumi Aboubakr , El Majid Badre , Motahhir Saad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the face of increasing global energy demand and growing dependence on renewable sources, there exists a compelling need for innovative energy storage solutions. Traditional methods, while effective, face limitations in terms of scalability, adaptability, cost, and environmental impact. This urgency is particularly evident in the intermittent nature of renewable sources like solar and wind. To bridge the gap between energy production and demand, there is a compelling call for innovative storage technologies that not only overcome current limitations but also align with the evolving landscape of sustainable energy solutions. This short communication introduces a preliminary design concept for an innovative energy storage system (ESS) designed to store excess electrical energy generated during off‐peak periods, particularly from renewable sources, for subsequent retrieval during peak demand. The proposed storage solution capitalizes on the principles of electromagnetic induction and gravitational potential energy, providing an inventive and sustainable approach to energy storage. The proposed ESS can promise a swift and effective storage solution, particularly for remote, off‐grid areas, boasting high energy autonomy, minimal maintenance requirements, and negligible environmental impact. The preliminary design specifics and distinctive features of the proposed ESS are outlined, along with a discussion on the challenges associated with its development and implementation.
Metastatic small cell bladder cancer treated with sequential systemic therapy including pembrolizumab and amrubicin: A case report
Authors: Mitani Kazutaka , Tsuboi Ichiro , Tanaka Gen , Yosioka Saori , Yokoyama Shuhei , Kobayashi Yusuke , Nakajima Hirochika , Nagami Taichi , Ogawa Kohei , Wada Koichiro 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionSmall cell bladder cancer is a relatively rare tumor, representing <1% of all bladder tumors. Amrubicin monotherapy is used as second‐line treatment for small cell lung cancer in Japan.Case presentationA 79‐year‐old woman presented with gross hematuria and was diagnosed with small cell bladder cancer (T2 or higher). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin resulted in a partial response. Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy was performed, and radical resection was achieved. As we identified metastasis in the pleura 1 year later, we administered carboplatin and etoposide, which resulted in a partial response. Although pembrolizumab was initiated as maintenance therapy, it was not effective. Amrubicin was given as third‐line therapy, and stable disease was achieved without serious adverse effect for 6 months.ConclusionAlthough there is no established treatment for metastatic small cell bladder cancer, the current case report suggests the effectiveness of amrubicin in this setting.
A qualitative study exploring patient experiences and opinions of warfarin patient self‐management in the US healthcare system
Authors: Wilson Aaron S. , Slager Stacey , Jones Aubrey E. , Vazquez Sara R. , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Sylvester Katelyn , Chan Linh , Ragheb Bishoy , Witt Daniel M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite consensus guideline recommendations, the use of warfarin patient self‐management (PSM) in the United States (US) healthcare system remains underutilized.ObjectivesTo gain an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to warfarin PSM in US healthcare systems through qualitative exploration of the opinions of select US patients receiving warfarin therapy.MethodsIndividual patient interviews were conducted at five geographically diverse sites. Grounded theory analysis was performed on interview transcriptions using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) to identify facilitators and barriers to PSM implementation within the US healthcare system.ResultsA total of 40 patients were interviewed. Four major themes emerged from the interviews: (1) “Patients are resourceful problem solvers who know themselves better than clinicians” (CFIR domain “Characteristics of Individuals”); (2) The provider‐patient relationship is key to successful PSM (CFIR domains “Inner Setting” and “Intervention Characteristics”); (3) Patients are willing and interested in trying PSM if not already doing so (CFIR domains “Process,” “Intervention Characteristics,” “Inner Setting, and “Characteristics of Individuals”); and (4) Point‐of‐care international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring is an important PSM facilitator (CFIR “Intervention Characteristics,” “Outer Setting,” “Inner Setting,” and “Process” domains).ConclusionsInterview participants were willing and interested in trying PSM. Core elements of warfarin PSM include timely access to INR results, and a framework to support PSM decision making. Home INR monitoring is likely ideal for facilitating PSM implementation as is maintaining strong provider‐patient relationships where providers, including clinical pharmacists, trust their patients and act as a safety net for PSM decision making.
Adolescents' mental health in the social‐media era: The role of offline and online need‐based experiences
Authors: Van de Casteele Marlies , Flamant Nele , Ponnet Koen , Soenens Bart , Van Hees Valerie , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionDebate about the precise role of social media use (SMU) in the mental health of today's adolescents is still ongoing. The present study adds to the literature by focusing on adolescents' experiences during SMU and in their offline activities through the lens of basic psychological needs, which are central to self‐determination theory.MethodsTo examine the joint and supplementary effects of need‐experiences in the offline and SMU domain (i.e., SMU satisfaction, offline satisfaction, SMU frustration, offline frustration) on several indicators of adolescents' mental health (i.e., vitality, life satisfaction, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression), polynomial regression analyses were used. Three cross‐sectional samples were collected in Belgium, including early to mid‐adolescents during the COVID‐pandemic (Sample 1;N = 447;Mage = 14.26; 54.4% female) as well as postpandemic (Sample 2;N = 179,Mage = 15.25; 54.2% female), and among college students in postpandemic times (Sample 3;N = 4977;Mage = 20.72; 69.1% female).ResultsThe results showed that need‐experiences common to both domains were a robust factor associated with mental health. This finding was obtained across all samples and outcomes, with need satisfaction playing a beneficial and need frustration a harmful role. We further found that offline need‐experiences serve as a more crucial predictor of adolescents' mental health than need experiences on social media.ConclusionsAdolescents' experiences of need satisfaction and need frustration on social media and in offline activities are central to their mental health. However, only relying on SMU as a single source of need satisfaction may not be recommended, given that offline experiences seem to be more decisive.
Four‐dimensional imaging for cryo‐electron microscopy experiments using molecular simulations and manifold learning
Authors: Yoshidome Takashi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElucidating protein conformational changes is essential because conformational changes are closely related to the functions of proteins. Cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) experiment can be used to reconstruct protein conformational changes via a method that involves using the experimental data (two‐dimensional protein images). In this study, a reconstruction method, referred to as the “four‐dimensional imaging,” was proposed. In our four‐dimensional imaging technique, the protein conformational change was obtained using the two‐dimensional protein images (the three‐dimensional electron density maps used in previously proposed techniques were not used). The protein conformation for each two‐dimensional protein image was obtained using our original protocol with molecular dynamics simulations. Using a manifold‐learning technique and two‐dimensional protein images, the protein conformations were arranged according to the conformational change of the protein. By arranging the protein conformations according to the arrangement of the protein images, four‐dimensional imaging is constructed. A simulation for a cryo‐EM experiment demonstrated the validity of our four‐dimensional imaging technique.
The relationship between patterns of negative life experiences and clinical presentation in a psychiatric sample
Authors: Young Choi Ji 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttempts have been made to classify the patterns of polytraumatization using a person‐centered approach. However, most studies have only focused on maltreatment and interpersonal trauma and have been unable to examine various clinical symptoms.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore patterns of negative life experiences, including maltreatment, lifetime trauma, and recent stressful life events, and compare diverse dimensions of the clinical manifestations among the subtypes in a clinical sample.MethodWe investigated childhood maltreatment, lifetime trauma, and recent stressful events using a self‐report method in 1410 psychiatric patients; we classified the patterns of lifelong negative life experiences using latent profile analysis (LPA). We used the rates of psychiatric diagnosis, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R‐K), and the Multiphasic Minnesota Personality Inventory‐2‐Restructured Form to compare various symptom dimensions among the derived subtypes.ResultsLPA indicated a four‐class solution: mild, recent stress, maltreatment, and multiple adversity group. The multiple adversity group experiencing both lifetime trauma and recent stressful life events, in addition to maltreatment, including sexual abuse, had a high rate of severe mental illness and more symptom dimensions of thought and behavior problems. However, the rates of depressive disorders and emotional/internalizing symptoms were not more than those in the other two groups (recent stress and maltreatment groups) experiencing moderate levels of lifetime trauma. There was no significant difference between the recent stress and maltreatment groups for most symptom dimensions.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that distinct symptom profiles may be associated with the pattern of negative experiences, suggesting that negative experiences need multidimensional investigation in clinical settings.
Systematic review of spatial abilities and virtual reality: The role of interaction
Authors: Gittinger Micha , Wiesche David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of spatial abilities for individuals' success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains has been well established. Researchers have also emphasized the need to train engineering students in spatial ability. Although virtual reality (VR) offers prospects for training spatial abilities, research on the design of VR training environments remains incomplete.PurposeThis review aimed to reveal the link between individuals' interactions in a VR environment and their spatial abilities and provide guidance for future research and the design of training settings. We also aimed to support students by aligning their interactions with individuals' spatial abilities or by using interactive VR to foster these abilities to create more equal opportunities in the field of engineering.MethodA systematic review of existing literature was conducted to categorize and discuss recent findings.ResultsThe study found that the reviewed literature (i) mainly considered mental rotation; (ii) showed advantages for high‐spatial‐ability learners and disadvantages for low‐spatial‐ability learners when they use interactive VR; (iii) indicated training possibilities, especially for low‐spatial‐ability learners, when they use interactive VR; and (iv) showed changes in not only interaction but also visualization parameters between experimental and control groups.ConclusionInteractive VR can be used to develop spatial abilities, particularly in low‐ability learners. However, it can also hinder these learners and favor high‐ability learners. Further research focusing on the interactive part of VR and the role of spatial ability is required to support design choices.
Research progress of triazole derivatives in the discovery of agricultural chemicals
Authors: Song Hongyi , Wang Sheng , Cai Qingfeng , Chen Jixiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTriazole groups play an important role in the construction of agricultural bioactive molecules, often acting as linking units to organically graft different pharmacophore groups, so as to obtain efficient and broad‐spectrum pesticide molecules. After decades of development, triazole derivatives have made remarkable achievements in the discovery of pesticides, especially the discovery of fungicides. In addition, highly effective triazole insecticides, herbicides, and anti‐plant virus agents have also been found, and commercial triazole pesticides have occupied a large market share. At present, the study of triazole compounds has become one of the important fields in the development of new pesticides. We systematically reviewed the application of triazole derivatives in the discovery of new pesticides since 2010, summarized the antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, herbicidal, and anti‐plant virus activities of triazole derivatives, and discussed the structure–activity relationship and mechanism of action in order to provide inspiration and ideas for the discovery of new triazole agrochemicals.
Epichordal vertebral column formation in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Takahashi Yu , Wakabayashi Ryota , Kitajima Satoshi , Uchiyama Hideho 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough Xenopus Laevis is the most widely used model amphibian, skeletal development of its vertebral column has not been well illustrated so far. The mode of vertebral column development in anurans has been classified into two modes: perichordal and epichordal. Xenopus vertebral column formation is believed to follow the epichordal mode, but this aspect has been underemphasized, and illustrative examples are currently unavailable to the scientific community. This study documents the entire process of vertebral column formation in X. laevis, from the initial neural arch formation to the completion of metamorphosis. These images reveal that the neural arch arises from the dorsal lamina and lateral pedicle primordia, with no strict adherence to an anteroposterior sequence. Unlike other species, Xenopus centrum primordia exclusively form at the expanded ventral margins of neural arches, rather than from the cartilaginous layer surrounding the notochord. These paired centrum primordia then fuse at the ventral midline, dorsal to the notochord, and subsequently the notochord degenerates. This mode of centrum formation differs from the traditional epichordal mode, indicating that Xenopus might have lost the ability to form a cartilaginous layer around the notochord. Instead, the neural arch's ventral margin appears to have evolved to incorporate centrum precursor cells at its base, thereby forming a centrum‐like structure compensating for the absence of a true centrum. It is widely accepted that postsacral vertebrae lack centra, only possessing neural arches, and eventually fuse with the hypochord to form the urostyle. However, we have shown that the paired ventral ends of the postsacral vertebrae also fuse at the midline to form a centrum‐like structure. This process might extend to the trunk region during centrum formation. In addition to these findings, we offer evolutionary insights into the reasons why Xenopus retains centrum primordia at the base of neural arches.
Azvudine and nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in hospitalized patients with moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19: Emulation of a randomized target trial
Authors: Zhou Yiling , Liu Yi , Jiang Li , Zhang Renqing , Zhang Huohuo , Shi Qingyang , Yang Zhirong , Mao Yi , Liu Sha , Yang Zhibo , Ding Jialin , Zhou Yongzhao , Ren Bi , He Liping , Zhao Xing , Li Weimin , Li Sheyu , Liu Dan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo examine the effectiveness of azvudine and nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in treating hospitalized patients with moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19. We emulated a target trial with a multicenter retrospective cohort of hospitalized adults with moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 without contraindications for azvudine or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir between December 01, 2022 and January 19, 2023 (during the Omicron BA.5.2 variant wave). Exposures included treatment with azvudine or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for 5 days versus no antiviral treatment during hospitalization. Primary composite outcome (all‐cause death and initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation), and their separate events were evaluated. Of the 1154 patients, 27.2% were severe cases. In the intent‐to‐treat analyses, azvudine reduced all‐cause death (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.78), and its composite with invasive mechanical ventilation (HR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24–0.92). Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir reduced invasive mechanical ventilation (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.17–1.05), and its composite with all‐cause death (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.18–0.81). The study did not identify credible subgroup effects. The per–protocol analyses and all sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. Both azvudine and nirmatrelvir–ritonavir improved the prognosis of hospitalized adults with moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19
Meldrum's acid derivates are MepA efflux pump inhibitors: In vitro and in silico essays
Authors: Araújo Isaac Moura , Pereira Raimundo Luiz Silva , de Araújo Ana Carolina Justino , Gonçalves Sheila Alves , Tintino Saulo Relison , Oliveira‐Tintino Cícera Datiane de Morais , de Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar , Salamoni Renata , Begnini Iêda Maria , Rebelo Ricardo Andrade , Silva Luiz Everson da , Gurgel Ana Pavla Almeida Diniz , Coutinho Henrique Douglas M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEfflux pumps are proteins capable of expelling antibiotics from bacterial cells, have emerged as a major mechanism of bacterial resistance. In the ongoing pursuit to overcome and reduce bacterial resistance, novel substances are being explored as potential efflux pump inhibitors. Meldrum's acid, a synthetic molecule widely studied for its role in synthesizing bioactive compounds, holds promise in this regard. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of three derivatives of Meldrum's acid and assess their ability to inhibit efflux mechanisms, employing both in silico and in vitro approaches. The antibacterial activity of the derivatives was assessed using a broth microdilution testing method. Surprisingly, the derivatives did not exhibit direct antibacterial activity on their own. However, they displayed a significant effect in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics, suggesting a potential role in potentiating their effects. Furthermore, fluorescence emission assays using ethidium bromide indicated that the derivatives could potentially block efflux pumps, as they exhibited fluorescence levels comparable to the positive control. To further investigate their inhibitory capacity, molecular docking studies were conducted in silico, revealing binding interactions similar to ciprofloxacin and carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone, known efflux pump inhibitors. These findings highlight the potential of Meldrum's acid derivatives as effective inhibitors of efflux pumps. By targeting these mechanisms, the derivatives offer a promising avenue to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics and combat bacterial resistance. This study underscores the importance of exploring novel strategies in the fight against bacterial resistance and provides valuable insights into the potential of Meldrum's acid derivatives as efflux pump inhibitors. Further research and exploration in this field are warranted to fully exploit their therapeutic potential.