bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetry‐Triggered Tunable Phosphorescence Lifetime of Graphene Quantum Dots in a Solid State
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Chen Liangfeng , Yang Siwei , Wei Genwang , Ren Xue , Xu Anli , Wang Hang , He Peng , Dong Hui , Wang Gang , Ye Caichao , Ding Guqiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudying the phosphorescent mechanisms of carbon nanostructures synthesized by the “bottom‐up” approach is key to understanding the structure modulation and the interfacial properties of carbon nanostructures. In this work, the relationships among symmetry of precursors in the “bottom‐up” synthesis, structures of products, and phosphorescence lifetimes of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are studied. The symmetry matching of precursors in the formation of a D6h graphene‐like framework is considered the key factor in controlling the separability of sp2 domains in GQDs. As the separability of sp2 domains in GQDs increases, the phosphorescence lifetimes (14.8–125.5 ms) of GQDs in the solid state can be tuned. Machine learning is used to define the degree of disorder (S) of the GQD structure, which quantitatively describes the different space groups of precursors. The negative correlation between S and the oscillator strength of GQDs is uncovered. Therefore, S can be recognized as reflective of oscillator strength in the GQD structure. Finally, based on the correlations found between the structures and phosphorescence lifetimes of GQDs, GQDs with an ultralong phosphorescence lifetime (28.5 s) are obtained. Moreover, GQDs with visible phosphorescence emission (435–618 nm) are synthesized.
Guided Organic Crystalline Nanowires by Directional Friction‐Transferred Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene) Nanogrooves and Their Monolithic Phototransistors
Authors: Li Yajun , Zhou Wei , Cai Xuebao , Chen Xiangtao , Liu Hanyu , Huang Pingyang , Wang Xingyu , Xu Jinyou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe monolithic integration of bottom‐up nanowires into devices requires rational growth of aligned nanowires. Of the proposed aligned growth methods, few are sufficiently general to be applicable to diverse materials and substrates. In this work, oriented poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) grooves with nanoscale depth and width are transferred onto different substrates through a simple directional mechanical friction. This friction is achieved in a few seconds by a program‐driven handwriting machine. Various organic molecules (e.g., Alq3, NiPc, CoPc, CuPc, F16CuPc) are therefore assembled into oriented crystalline nanowires on the surface of Si, Si/SiO2, and glass. The self‐alignment of these nanowires enables a scalable device fabrication directly on growth substrates, eliminating structural damage and contamination during post‐growth alignment. For example, using the aligned F16CuPc nanowires on PTFE‐coated Si/SiO2 wafers, back‐gate field‐effect phototransistors are fabricated in a scalable manner by directly depositing an array of micro‐sized electrodes. Statistical results show that these phototransistors operate in n‐type enhancement mode with thresholds of a few volts. In addition, they exhibit fast photoresponse on the order of tens of milliseconds and long‐term stability in the vis–NIR spectrum. The generality of this guided nanowire growth and resulting monolithic devices offer new opportunities for the monolithic integration of nanowire‐based devices.
Tb and Eu in MOF‐76: Elucidating the Mechanisms Responsible for the Divergent Excellent and Poor Photoluminescence Quantum Yields
Authors: Meng Dejing , Zhao Tonghan , Busko Dmitry , Cosgun Ergene Arzu , Richards Bryce S. , Howard Ian A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising hosts for lanthanide ions owing to their ability to sensitize the lanthanides and provide a rigid topology while still permitting interactions with guest species. Among these lanthanide MOFs, MOF‐76 is a noteworthy example composed of 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) and lanthanide ions. In this study, a high photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of 91% for Tb‐based MOF‐76 (Tb‐MOF) is reported, while the efficiency of Eu‐based MOF‐76 (Eu‐MOF) is over five times lower. A potential circumvention of the poor performance of Eu3+ is energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+, but it is found that although energy transfer is efficient the ΦPL of the Eu3+ remains low. The study investigates the cause of the lower quantum yield in Eu‐MOF by ruling out possible factors such as crystal size, guest solvent molecules, and energy transfer from or back to the linker. None of these are significant loss mechanisms, leading to conclude that the MOF‐76 ligand unfortunately leads to fast non‐radiative deactivation of the Eu3+ excited state. The results suggest that MOF‐76 is an excellent host for Tb3+ ions, but exploration is required for MOF linkers to simply access the potentially excellent emission efficiency of Eu3+ ions.
Pressure‐Induced Inversion of Chiroptical Properties in Cholesteric Assembled Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Meng Xiao , Wang Yue , Bukharina Daria , Fei Yunfan , Wang Jingtian , He Yisheng , Miao Qing , Yu Runze , Jin Bowen , Wang Xi , Chen Gang , Li Kuo , Tsukruk Vladimir V. , Wang Kai , Ye Chunhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDynamic manipulation of the chiroptical effect, particularly the inversion of chiral signal, has attracted broad attention, but still remains challenging, Here, stepwise tuning of the helicoidal assembly and chiroptical properties of the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films utilizing high pressure are demonstrated. With in situ monitoring, the changes of Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and evaluating the corresponding applied energy, three distinctive stages of chiroptical properties are clearly identified. In these stages, the photonic bandgap of the CNC film exhibits a fast‐slow–fast alteration over different energy imposed. The three stages are associated sequentially with interlayer space reduction, hydrogen bonding reconfiguration, and covalent bands changing. A switch of chiral signal from left‐ to right‐handedness is observed in the third stage, and the handedness of CD spectra can be recovered upon release, which is barely observed. This unique property is suspected to be the change in CNCs assembly induced by molecular‐level conformational change. This work sheds light on the fundamental understanding of how pressure can trigger the change from molecular‐level to hierarchical assembly and corresponding chiroptical performance, facilitating the design of chiral assembly with pre‐programmed triggering chiroptical properties of bio‐photonic materials.
Recent Advances in Radical Coupling Strategies Enabled by 2‐Azaallyl Anions as Super‐Electron‐Donors
Authors: Zou. Dong , Wang Wei , Ying Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to amine derivatives widely existing in numerous clinical medicines and bioactive compounds, their synthesis has received considerable attention over the past few decades. Traditional methods for the synthesis of amine derivatives largely relied on the reduction of nitroarenes, amides, hydrazines, nitriles, and azides. Recently, the discovery of 2‐azaallyl anions as super‐electron‐donors (SEDs) has opened up new possibilities for the construction of diverse carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds through radical coupling strategies. This breakthrough highlights the potential of generating 2‐azaallyl radicals as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. Then, hydrolysis of the coupling product can easily separate the corresponding amine derivatives. Thus, tremendous attention has been paid to the C−H functionalization of ketimines as an alternative strategy for the synthesis of amine derivatives. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the recent progress in radical coupling strategies enabled by 2‐azaallyl anions as SEDs. Their proposed mechanistic pathways, advantages, and limitations are also discussed in detail. 1. Introduction 2. C−C Bond Formation 2.1. Vinylation of Ketimines 2.2. Arylation of Ketimines 2.3. Alkylation of Ketimines 2.3.1. Methylation of Ketimines 2.3.2. Other Alkylation of Ketimines 3. C−X Bond Formation 3.1. C−P and C−S Bonds Formation 3.2. C−N and C−O Bonds Formation 4. Conclusions
Exchange Bias Modulated by Antiferromagnetic Spin‐Flop Transition in 2D Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Gu Kai , Zhang Xiaoqian , Liu Xiangjie , Guo Xinlei , Wu Zhenqi , Wang Shuo , Song Qinxin , Wang Wei , Wei Lujun , Liu Ping , Ma Jingrui , Xu Yongbing , Niu Wei , Pu Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExchange bias is extensively studied and widely utilized in spintronic devices, such as spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions. 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets, with high‐quality interfaces in heterostructures, provide an excellent platform for investigating the exchange bias effect. To date, intrinsic modulation of exchange bias, for instance, via precise manipulation of the magnetic phases of the antiferromagnetic layer, is yet to be fully reached, owing partly to the large exchange fields of traditional bulk antiferromagnets. Herein, motivated by the low‐field spin‐flop transition of a 2D antiferromagnet, CrPS4, exchange bias is explored by modulating the antiferromagnetic spin‐flop phase transition in all‐vdW magnetic heterostructures. The results demonstrate that undergoing the spin‐flop transition during the field cooling process, the A‐type antiferromagnetic ground state of CrPS4 turns into a canted antiferromagnetic one, therefore, it reduces the interfacial magnetic coupling and suppresses the exchange bias. Via conducting different cooling fields, one can select the exchange bias effect switching among the “ON”, “depressed”, and “OFF” states determined by the spin flop of CrPS4. This work provides an approach to intrinsically modulate the exchange bias in all‐vdW heterostructures and paves new avenues to design and manipulate 2D spintronic devices.
Hybrid Ginseng‐derived Extracellular Vesicles‐Like Particles with Autologous Tumor Cell Membrane for Personalized Vaccination to Inhibit Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis
Authors: Wang Haoran , Mu Jiankang , Chen Yexing , Liu Yali , Li Xianghui , Li Hao , Cao Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPersonalized cancer vaccines based on resected tumors from patients is promising to address tumor heterogeneity to inhibit tumor recurrence or metastasis. However, it remains challenge to elicit immune activation due to the weak immunogenicity of autologous tumor antigens. Here, a hybrid membrane cancer vaccine is successfully constructed by membrane fusion to enhance adaptive immune response and amplify personalized immunotherapy, which formed a codelivery system for autologous tumor antigens and immune adjuvants. Briefly, the functional hybrid vesicles (HM‐NPs) are formed by hybridizing ginseng‐derived extracellular vesicles‐like particles (G‐EVLPs) with the membrane originated from the resected autologous tumors. The introduction of G‐EVLPs can enhance the phagocytosis of autologous tumor antigens by dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitate DCs maturation through TLR4, ultimately activating tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). HM‐NPs can indeed strengthen specific immune responses to suppress tumors recurrence and metastasis including subcutaneous tumors and orthotopic tumors. Furthermore, a long‐term immune protection can be obtained after vaccinating with HM‐NPs, and prolonging the survival of animals. Overall, this personalized hybrid autologous tumor vaccine based on G‐EVLPs provides the possibility of mitigating tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery while maintaining good biocompatibility.
Microporous Sulfur–Carbon Materials with Extended Sodium Storage Window
Authors: Eren Enis Oğuzhan , Esen Cansu , Scoppola Ernesto , Song Zihan , Senokos Evgeny , Zschiesche Hannes , Cruz Daniel , Lauermann Iver , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Kumru Barış , Antonietti Markus , Giusto Paolo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance carbonaceous anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is still a grand quest for a more sustainable future of energy storage. Introducing sulfur within a carbon framework is one of the most promising attempts toward the development of highly efficient anode materials. Herein, a microporous sulfur‐rich carbon anode obtained from a liquid sulfur‐containing oligomer is introduced. The sodium storage mechanism shifts from surface‐controlled to diffusion‐controlled at higher synthesis temperatures. The different storage mechanisms and electrode performances are found to be independent of the bare electrode material's interplanar spacing. Therefore, these differences are attributed to an increased microporosity and a thiophene‐rich chemical environment. The combination of these properties enables extending the plateau region to higher potential and achieving reversible overpotential sodium storage. Moreover, in‐operando small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) reveals reversible electron density variations within the pore structure, in good agreement with the pore‐filling sodium storage mechanism occurring in hard carbons (HCs). Eventually, the depicted framework will enable the design of high‐performance anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries with competitive energy density.
Superflexible and Stretchable Ferroelectric Memory on a Biocompatible Platform
Authors: Chouprik Anastasia , Mikheev Vitalii , Margolin Ilya , Kalika Elizaveta , Spiridonov Maxim , Negrov Dmitrii 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNext‐generation flexible electronics for healthcare applications require biocompatible flexible non‐volatile memory for data storage. Ultra‐thin ferroelectric hafnium oxide films offer great potential for flexible memories due to their potential flexibility and perfect compatibility with modern technologies. This study presents ultra‐flexible and stretchable memory devices based on 10‐nm‐thick Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film fabricated by an innovative technology involving encapsulation of the devices in a biocompatible organic package. They exhibit high memory functionality (remanent polarization of 27 µC cm−2) and withstand extreme mechanical conditions, including folding in half, multiple bending up to 150 000 bending cycles as well as tension with loads up to 1.5 kg. Further, flexible devices are employed as a platform to elucidate the fundamental role of mechanical stress in ferroelectricity of hafnia both experimentally and theoretically. Direct in situ experiment demonstrates that in‐plane tension causes changes in spontaneous polarization, coercive voltage, permittivity, and conductivity. First‐principle calculations explain the role of mechanical stress in ferroelectric and dielectric properties of hafnia. In applications, this work establishes a foundation for the implementation of biocompatible, high‐performance flexible ferroelectric memory, and in the field of ferroelectric materials fundamentals, it provides insight into the critical role of the residual mechanical stress that is inevitably present in thin films.
Negative Correlation Between Thermal and Electrical Conductivity in Epsilon‐Negative Nanocomposites
Authors: Wei Zaixin , Liu Yao , Zhang Yan , Aleksanteri Kallioniemi Leevi , Qi Xiangru , Zhang Zidong , Wang Zhongyang , Gao Weibo , Fan Runhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpsilon‐negative materials (ENMs) hold promise for the advancement of the next generation of electronic devices. Most epsilon‐negative materials strongly correlate with metal properties, which limits their applications in electronic packaging. Instead, achieving a negative permittivity in the insulating state is expected to show the decoupling of electrical and thermal conductivities, and experimental demonstration of this behavior is lacking. In this study, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)@polydopamine (PDA)‐silver/polyimide (PI) nanocomposites are engineered to achieve weakly negative permittivity, which is attributed to the localized plasma oscillations. The PDA layer and nano‐Ag are exploited to confine electrons with MWCNTs for improving energy transport while perturbing directional current, thereby realizing high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity. This work provides insights into the fundamental nature of heat and charge transport in epsilon‐negative systems.
Solar‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Value‐Added Waste Treatment
Authors: Yu Shan , Li Yi , Jiang Anqiang , Chen Yijiang , Duan Yuangang , Ye Jiale , Zhou Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHydrogen is one of the most important energy alternatives to conventional fossil‐based fuel. Solar energy based photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) is a salient approach to produce hydrogen fuel but its efficiency is generally limited by the sluggish and energy‐unfavorable oxidation reaction. Meanwhile, waste treatment has become a worldwide problem and clean treatment is highly demanded to avoid the vast greenhouse emission currently. Inspiringly, PHE can be effectively coupled with the favorable photooxidation of many wastes, which kills two birds with one stone. In this review, the recent progress in PHE coupled with waste treatment is presented, where typical solid, liquid, and gas wastes have been briefly discussed. Focusing on the understanding of complicated reaction mechanism and the revelation of oxidation products, the cutting‐edge techniques for photophysics and surface chemistry characterization have been analyzed, which are imperative to facilitate the following investigation. Finally, the developing trend and existing issues in current research are also discussed in detail so that a holistic blueprint of PHE coupled with waste treatment can be portrayed to accelerate their application in a realistic world.
Topological Heusler Magnets‐Driven High‐Performance Transverse Nernst Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Chen Mengzhao , Wang Jialu , Liu Kai , Fan Wusheng , Sun Yan , Felser Claudia , Zhu Tiejun , Fu Chenguang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTopological magnets (TMs) with the coupled topology of electronic band structures and spin configuration have exhibited exotic transport properties that are overwhelmingly appealing for transverse thermoelectric applications. Despite the continuous discovery of TMs in recent years, the development of Nernst generators has much lagged. Here, high‐performance Nernst generators are developed utilizing polycrystalline topological Heusler bulk magnets. Benefiting from the robustness of topological effect to grain boundary scattering, polycrystalline Co2MnGa is found to exhibit a large Nernst thermopower of ≈6.5 µV K−1 at 300 K, which is comparable to the previously reported record value in its single crystal. The developed Nernst generators thereby exhibit excellent performance with an output voltage of 5.4 mV and power of 14.3 µW, significantly higher than that of Nernst thermopiles assembled using conventional ferromagnets. These results pave the way to advancing TMs with intrinsically large Berry curvature for transverse thermoelectric applications.
Promoting healthy diets through food reformulation: The demand for “better‐for‐you” beverage
Authors: Zhou Pei , Liu Yizao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explores how nutrients, new ingredients, and health claims from product reformulation influence consumer decisions, dietary intake, and population health in the beverage market. We focus on the beverage market in the United States as a case study because of the emerging health demand for “better‐for‐you” beverage options. We formulate a random coefficient discrete choice model to evaluate consumer preference for reformulated products in the nonalcoholic beverages market. We find that new ingredients that provide functionality such as energy ingredients, carbonation, or no artificial flavors have a significant positive impact on consumer choices. Further, the use of health claims can significantly increase consumer demand for beverages. Results from simulations suggest that the use of “no/low sugar,” “no/low sodium,” and “no artificial sweetener” health claims will increase the net sugar and sodium intakes from sugar‐sweetened beverages, leading to an increase in body mass index and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. The nutrient reformulation by cutting sugar and sodium content by 10%, on the other hand, will result in a decrease in sugar and sodium consumption, and further lower the incidence of CHD and stroke. However, the policy aimed at lowering the intake of one single nutrient may have an unintended spillover effect on other nutrient intakes, and policymakers should take a comprehensive approach and consider the broader nutrient impact of any policy aimed at reducing a specific nutrient.
Arabidopsis response to copper is mediated by density and root exudates: Evidence that plant density and toxic soils can shape plant communities
Authors: Dingus Abigail , Roslund Marja I. , Brauner Soren , Sinkkonen Aki , Weidenhamer Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPremisePlants grown at high densities show increased tolerance to heavy metals for reasons that are not clear. A potential explanation is the release of citrate by plant roots, which binds metals and prevents uptake. Thus, pooled exudates at high plant densities might increase tolerance. We tested this exclusion facilitation hypothesis using mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana defective in citrate exudation.MethodsWild type Arabidopsis and two allelic mutants for the Ferric Reductase Defective 3 (FRD3) gene were grown at four densities and watered with copper sulfate at four concentrations. Plants were harvested before bolting and dried. Shoot biomass was measured, and shoot material and soil were digested in nitric acid. Copper contents were determined by atomic absorption.ResultsIn the highest‐copper treatment, density‐dependent reduction in toxicity was observed in the wild type but not in FRD3 mutants. For both mutants, copper concentrations per gram biomass were up to seven times higher than for wild type plants, depending on density and copper treatment. In all genotypes, total copper accumulation was greater at higher plant densities. Plant size variation increased with density and copper treatment because of heterogeneous distribution of copper throughout the soil.ConclusionsThese results support the hypothesis that citrate exudation is responsible for density‐dependent reductions in toxicity of metals. Density‐dependent copper uptake and growth in contaminated soils underscores the importance of density in ecotoxicological testing. In soils with a heterogeneous distribution of contaminants, competition for nontoxic soil regions may drive size hierarchies and determine competitive outcomes.
A case report on deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 with relapse–remission course and analysis of genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Cai Qianyun , Feng Fan , Tian Yanmei , Luo Rong , Mu Dezhi , Yang Fan , Yang Zuozhen , Zhou Zhongjie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic disease caused by biallelic mutations in adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2). The varying phenotypes of the disease often lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. We report an 11‐year‐old boy with DADA2 and provide a preliminary analysis of genotype–phenotype correlation. The age of onset of the disease was 8 years old. The disease successively involved the brainstem, muscles, joints, and cerebrum. After three relapse–remission episodes over 3 years, the patient was finally diagnosed with DADA2 by whole‐exome sequencing. Compound heterozygous variants in the ADA2 gene (NM_001282225.2: c.1072G>A, p.Gly358Arg; c.419dupC, p.Arg141Lysfs*37) were found in the patient. He did not receive anti‐TNF therapy and had no relapse after a 8‐month follow‐up. We identified a novel variant of the ADA2 gene, and the associated disease course may follow a relapse–remission pattern. Homozygous mutations of p.Gly358Arg can cause pure red cell aplasia, whereas compound heterozygous variations may lead to different phenotypes. Variants in the catalytic domain and frameshift mutations may also cause relatively benign phenotypes besides causing hematological disorders. Further studies are needed to clarify the genotypic–phenotypic relationship of this disease.