bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The individual abundance distributions of disc stars across birth radii in GALAH
Authors: Wang Kaile , Carrillo Andreia , Ness Melissa K , Buck Tobias 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Individual abundances in the Milky Way disc record stellar birth properties [e.g. age, birth radius (Rbirth)], and capture the diversity of the star-forming environments over time. Assuming an analytical relationship between ([Fe/H], [α/Fe]), and Rbirth, we examine the distributions of individual abundances [X/Fe] of elements C, O, Mg, Si, Ca (α), Al (odd-z), Mn (iron-peak), Y, and Ba (neutron-capture) for stars in the Milky Way. We want to understand how these elements might differentiate environments across the disc. We assign tracks of Rbirth in the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] plane as informed by expectations from simulations for ∼59 000 GALAH stars in the solar neighborhood (R ∼ 7−9 kpc) which also have inferred ages. Our formalism for Rbirth shows that older stars (∼10 Gyrs) have an Rbirth distribution with smaller mean values (i.e. $\bar{R}_{\mbox{birth}} \sim 5\pm 0.8$ kpc) compared to younger stars (∼6 Gyrs; $\bar{R}_{\mbox{birth}} \sim 10\pm 1.5$ kpc), for a given [Fe/H], consistent with inside–out growth. The α-, odd-z, and iron-peak element abundances decrease as a function of Rbirth, whereas the neutron-capture abundances increase. The Rbirth–[Fe/H] gradient we measure is steeper compared to the present-day gradient (−0.066 dex kpc−1 versus −0.058 dex kpc−1), which we also find true for Rbirth–[X/Fe] gradients. These results (i) showcase the feasibility of relating the birth radius of stars to their element abundances, (ii) demonstrate that the Milky Way abundance gradients across Rbirth have evolved to be shallower over time, and (iii) offer an observational comparison to element abundance distributions in hydrodynamical simulations.
Spectroscopic triples and a chance alignment: a solution for the problem of suspicious mass ratios for SB2s from Wilson method
Authors: Kovalev Mikhail , Chen Xuefei , Han Zhanwen 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We selected three double-lined spectroscopic binary systems which have extreme mass ratios, if measured using the Wilson method. We analysed medium resolution spectroscopic observations and space-based photometry and find that all these systems are not SB2, but rather triple systems and a chance alignment of another star with SB1 that have an unseen component. Therefore, suspicious mass ratios determined by the Wilson method for some double-lined spectroscopic binary systems aren’t correct as these systems are more complex.
A Comparison of Measured Airborne and Self-Reported Secondhand Smoke Exposure in the MADRES Pregnancy Cohort Study
Authors: O’Sharkey Karl , Xu Yan , Cabison Jane , Rosales Marisela , Chavez Thomas , Johnson Mark , Yang Tingyu , Cho Seung-Hyun , Chartier Ryan , Lerner Deborah , Lurvey Nathana , Toledo Corral Claudia M , Cockburn Myles , Franklin Meredith , Farzan Shohreh F , Bastain Theresa M , Breton Carrie V , Habre Rima 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy is linked to adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight and preterm birth. While questionnaires are commonly used to assess SHS exposure, their ability to capture true exposure can vary, making it difficult for researchers to harmonize SHS measures. This study aimed to compare self-reported SHS exposure with measurements of airborne SHS in personal samples of pregnant women.

Methods
SHS was measured on 48-hour integrated personal PM2.5 Teflon filters collected from 204 pregnant women, and self-reported SHS exposure measures were obtained via questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were calculated for airborne SHS measures, and analysis of variance tests assessed group differences in airborne SHS concentrations by self-reported SHS exposure.

Results
Participants were 81% Hispanic, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 28.2 (6.0) years. Geometric mean (SD) personal airborne SHS concentrations were 0.14 (9.41) µg/m3. Participants reporting lower education have significantly higher airborne SHS exposure (p = .015). Mean airborne SHS concentrations were greater in those reporting longer duration with windows open in the home. There was no association between airborne SHS and self-reported SHS exposure; however, asking about the number of smokers nearby in the 48-hour monitoring period was most correlated with measured airborne SHS (Two + smokers: 0.30 µg/m3 vs. One: 0.12 µg/m3 and Zero: 0.15 µg/m3; p = .230).

Conclusions
Self-reported SHS exposure was not associated with measured airborne SHS in personal PM2.5 samples. This suggests exposure misclassification using SHS questionnaires and the need for harmonized and validated questions to characterize this exposure in health studies.

Implications
This study adds to the growing body of evidence that measurement error is a major concern in pregnancy research, particularly in studies that rely on self-report questionnaires to measure SHS exposure. The study introduces an alternative method of SHS exposure assessment using objective optical measurements, which can help improve the accuracy of exposure assessment. The findings emphasize the importance of using harmonized and validated SHS questionnaires in pregnancy health research to avoid biased effect estimates. This study can inform future research, practice, and policy development to reduce SHS exposure and its adverse health effects.
Coinfection With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Scrub Typhus in Korea
Authors: Chatterjee Shilpa , Kim Choon-Me , Kim Dong-Min , Seo Jun-Won , Kim Da Young , Yun Na-Ra , Jung Sook In , Kim Uh Jin , Kim Seong Eun , Kim Hyun ah , Kim Eu Suk , Hur Jian , Kim Young Keun , Jeong Hye Won , Heo Jung Yeon , Jung Dong Sik , Lee Hyungdon , Park Sun Hee , Kwak Yee Gyung , Lee Sujin , Chatterjee Rajendra Prasad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Scrub typhus and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) are the 2 most common tick-borne infectious diseases in Korea. Every year, an increasing number of cases are reported, which is a public health concern. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of SFTS–scrub typhus coinfection in patients with SFTS.

Methods
Clinical samples were collected from 129 patients with SFTS. One-step reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify the SFTS virus (SFTSV), and real-time PCR followed by nested PCR was performed to detect the Orientia tsutsugamushi gene for scrub typhus. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to confirm the evolutionary relationships among different species.

Results
Among 129 SFTS cases, 2 patients with SFTSV were positive for O. tsutsugamushi with a prevalence of coinfection of 1.6% (95% confidence interval, .001–.06). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed these as O. tsutsugamushi strain Boryong.

Conclusions
Our study found that 1.6% of patients were coinfected with SFTS and scrub typhus infection. We believe that this information will add a new dimension to clinical diagnosis, which should be considered for better public health management. Further research is needed to better understand the ecological transmission dynamics and geographical distribution of SFTSV and O. tsutsugamushi in endemic countries.
A survey of mountaineers’ observations of global warming effects in the Hex River mountains, South-Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Heath Gavin Edward Craig 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study explores the changing climate of the Hex River mountains, a prominent mountain range in the south-western Cape in South Africa, over the last 30–50 years (1972–1992–2022). This mountain range is notable for its steep gradients and historical snow cover and related snow sports. The purpose of this study was to garner the observations of a mountain user group in South Africa regarding the impacts of global warming on the mountain range, in particular the high altitude zone between c.1800 and 2249 masl, where snow, of varying texture and hardness, occurs during the winter. The literature that has been published on the mountain range’s climate indicates severe storms, and related danger, during the winter months as well as indications that the climate is changing. It also appears from previous research that geomorphic processes are increasing due to unexpected summer rainstorms, with resulting debris flow and rockfall. Fire frequency and water shortage appear to be increasing in the summer months. The methodology comprised a questionnaire which included a map of the mountain range and information on particular topoclimates. An appeal was sent to members of the mountain user group in the Western Cape; respondents were selected according to their experience of, and frequency of, visits to the mountain range. Those respondents with an education in atmosphere science were emphasized. Accounts of historical subalpine meteorology (including historical storm events) were derived from journals of the mountain user group. Personal photographs were scanned for environmental changes and two were selected to show changes in snow cover. The results indicated that water supply in summer is becoming more marginal. Other results are that there are differences regarding global warming between the windward and leeward sides, and south- and north-facing slopes of the mountain range. In addition, global warming appears to be changing altitudinal zones, especially of the temporary cryosphere that exists during the winter months. Recommendations included amending routes to avoid eroded sections and possible rockfall for people traversing the mountain range.
The transcription factor MYB110 regulates plant height, lodging resistance, and grain yield in rice
Authors: Wang Tingting , Jin Yi , Deng Lixiao , Li Feng , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhu Yuanyuan , Wu Yufeng , Qu Hongye , Zhang Shunan , Liu Ying , Mei Hanwei , Luo Lijun , Yan Ming , Gu Mian , Xu Guohua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The high-yielding Green Revolution varieties of cereal crops are characterized by a semidwarf architecture and lodging resistance. Plant height is tightly regulated by the availability of phosphate (Pi), yet the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here, we report that rice (Oryza sativa) R2R3-type Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor MYB110 is a Pi-dependent negative regulator of plant height. MYB110 is a direct target of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 (OsPHR2) and regulates OsPHR2-mediated inhibition of rice height. Inactivation of MYB110 increased culm diameter and bending resistance, leading to enhanced lodging resistance despite increased plant height. Strikingly, the grain yield of myb110 mutants was elevated under both high- and low-Pi regimes. Two divergent haplotypes based on single nucleotide polymorphisms in the putative promoter of MYB110 corresponded with its transcript levels and plant height in response to Pi availability. Thus, fine-tuning MYB110 expression may be a potent strategy for further increasing the yield of Green Revolution cereal crop varieties.
Small peptide signaling via OsCIF1/2 mediates Casparian strip formation at the root endodermal and nonendodermal cell layers in rice
Authors: Zhang Baolei , Xin Boning , Sun Xiaoqian , Chao Dong , Zheng Huawei , Peng Liyun , Chen Xingxiang , Zhang Lin , Yu Jinyu , Ma Dan , Xia Jixing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Casparian strip (CS) is a ring-like lignin structure deposited between endodermal cells that forms an apoplastic barrier to control the selective uptake of nutrients in vascular plants. However, the molecular mechanism of CS formation in rice (Oryza sativa), which possesses one CS each in the endodermis and exodermis, is relatively unknown. Here, we functionally characterized CS INTEGRITY FACTOR1 (OsCIF1a, OsCIF1b), OsCIF2, and SCHENGEN3 (OsSGN3a, OsSGN3b) in rice. OsCIF1s and OsCIF2 were mainly expressed in the stele, while OsSGN3s localized around the CS at the endodermis. Knockout of all three OsCIFs or both OsSGN3s resulted in a discontinuous CS and a dramatic reduction in compensatory (less localized) lignification and suberization at the endodermis. By contrast, ectopic overexpression of OsCIF1 or OsCIF2 induced CS formation as well as overlignification and oversuberization at single or double cortical cell layers adjacent to the endodermis. Ectopic co-overexpression of OsCIF1 and SHORTROOT1 (OsSHR1) induced the formation of more CS-like structures at multiple cortical cell layers. Transcriptome analysis identified 112 downstream genes modulated by the OsCIF1/2–OsSGN3 signaling pathway, which is involved in CS formation and activation of the compensatory machinery in native endodermis and nonnative endodermis-like cell layers. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of CIF-mediated CS formation at the root endodermal and nonendodermal cell layers.
Hydro-bio-geo-socio-chemical interactions and the sustainability of residential landscapes
Authors: Groffman Peter M , Suchy Amanda K , Locke Dexter H , Johnston Robert J , Newburn David A , Gold Arthur J , Band Lawrence E , Duncan Jonathan , Grove J Morgan , Kao-Kniffin Jenny , Meltzer Hallee , Ndebele Tom , O’Neil-Dunne Jarlath , Polsky Colin , Thompson Grant L , Wang Haoluan , Zawojska Ewa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Residential landscapes are essential to the sustainability of large areas of the United States. However, spatial and temporal variation across multiple domains complicates developing policies to balance these systems’ environmental, economic, and equity dimensions. We conducted multidisciplinary studies in the Baltimore, MD, USA, metropolitan area to identify locations (hotspots) or times (hot moments) with a disproportionate influence on nitrogen export, a widespread environmental concern. Results showed high variation in the inherent vulnerability/sensitivity of individual parcels to cause environmental damage and in the knowledge and practices of individual managers. To the extent that hotspots are the result of management choices by homeowners, there are straightforward approaches to improve outcomes, e.g. fertilizer restrictions and incentives to reduce fertilizer use. If, however, hotspots arise from the configuration and inherent characteristics of parcels and neighborhoods, efforts to improve outcomes may involve more intensive and complex interventions, such as conversion to alternative ecosystem types.
Validity and Responsiveness of the Portable Warrior Test of Tactical Agility After Rehabilitation in Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: McCulloch Karen L , Oh Annabell S , Cecchini Amy S , Zhang Wanqing , Harrison Courtney , Favorov Oleg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Portable Warrior Test of Tactical Agility (POWAR-TOTAL) is a performance-based test designed to assess active-duty service members diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and could potentially inform return to duty decisions. To examine the validity and responsiveness of the POWAR-TOTAL measure, this study collected self-reported and performance measures by active-duty service members before and after an episode of physical therapist care.

Methods
Seventy-four individuals, enrolled in care for mTBI symptoms at 1 of 2 concussion specialty Intrepid Spirit Centers, were examined the week that they initiated physical therapy with the intention to return to active duty. Self-reported measures of concussion symptoms, pain, posttraumatic stress, headache, dizziness, and sleep quality were used, as were concurrent measures of mobility and balance. The POWAR-TOTAL task (motor and cognitive skills in single and dual-task conditions) was administered. Forty-nine active-duty service members returned for posttherapy testing using the same test battery. Effect sizes for change in measures were calculated. Construct validity was assessed by correlating change scores on POWAR with concurrent self-report and mobility measures. Responsiveness was evaluated using an anchor-based approach.

Results
Significant improvements in self-reported and performance-based measures, including POWAR, were observed after therapy with moderate to large effect sizes. Improvement in POWAR performance correlated with improvement in both performance and self-reported measures. After therapy, individuals who registered improvement on the Patient Global Impression of Change scale demonstrated significantly faster POWAR motor performance than those who rated little or no improvement in their condition.

Conclusion
The POWAR-TOTAL captured improvement on a military-specific task after completing physical therapy for mTBI and could serve as an indicator of physical recovery and readiness for return to duty.

Impact
Challenging cognitive and motor measures for service members may aid in the assessment of recovery and the ability to successfully return to duty after concussion as part of a comprehensive examination approach.
The relationship between HLA-B*51 subtypes, clinical manifestations and severity of Behçet’s syndrome: a large Italian cohort study
Authors: Leccese Pietro , Padula Maria Carmela , Santospirito Eustachio Vincenzo , Colucci Rosa , Lascaro Nancy , Padula Angela Anna , D’Angelo Salvatore 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Behçet’s syndrome (BS) is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disorder of unclear aetiology. The predominant BS susceptibility locus was identified within HLA-B*51. HLA-B*51 subtypes were previously studied as disease susceptibility markers. Few data are now available about the relationship between B*51 subtypes and clinical phenotype. The aim of this study was to genotype HLA-B*51 subtypes in a series of Italian BS patients and to test the association with clinical manifestations and disease severity (Krause’s index).

Methods
HLA-B*51 subtype genotyping for 63 alleles (B*51:01–B*51:63) was performed by PCR after DNA extraction from whole blood of BS patients. The correlation of disease clinical manifestations and severity (Krause’s index) with the HLA-B*51 allele and its subtypes was analysed.

Results
We enrolled 241 (140 male and 101 female) BS patients, and HLA-B*51 frequency was 62.7% (151 of 241). One hundred and eight of the HLA-B*51-positive patients carried the B*51:01 subtype (108 of 151, 71.5%), 39 of 151 (25.8%) the B*51:08 subtype, 2 of 151 (1.3%) the B*51:02 subtype, 1 of 151 (0.7%) the B*51:05 subtype, and 1 of 151 (0.7%) the B*51:07 subtype. We found that ocular involvement was statistically associated with HLA-B*51 positivity and with B*51:01 and B*51:08 subtypes (P &lt; 0.05). We also found that disease severity was higher in HLA-B*51-positive patients than in negative patients, but without statistical significance (median Krause’s index 5.1 vs 4.1, P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Here, we confirm a high frequency of the HLA-B*51 allele in our group of BS patients. B*51:01 and B*51:08 were found to be the most common subtypes, and an association of both subtypes with ocular involvement was also underlined.
Experimental and analytical methods for thermal infrared spectroscopy of complex dust coatings in a simulated asteroid environment
Authors: Tinker C R , Glotch T D , Breitenfeld L B , Ryan A , Li L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Airless bodies in the Solar system are commonly dominated by complex regolith mixtures consisting of coarse and fine particulates. These materials often manifest as coatings with the potential to modify or obscure the spectral signatures of underlying substrates. This can make accurate spectral analysis of surface materials challenging, especially for thermal infrared (TIR) techniques of which the spectral properties concurrently depend on grain size and albedo. Further complexity is presented when these coatings occur as discontinuous patterns in which some substrate is exposed and some is masked. Discontinuous patterns are distinguished by scale as having macroscopic or microscopic discontinuity, with the former being patches of homogeneous dust covering portions of the substrate and the latter being randomly distributed individual particles on the substrate. Investigations of asteroid (101955) Bennu’s surface by NASA’s Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer have revealed contradictions between spectral and thermophysical results that are hypothesized to indicate the presence of thin and/or laterally discontinuous dust coatings. To address this, we constructed an environment chamber that enables the controlled deposition of size-regulated dust particles in coatings with varying continuity and thickness. TIR spectra of coated substrates acquired in a simulated asteroid environment are used to investigate the extent to which dust coatings of different thicknesses and arrangements contribute to orbital spectral signatures of airless body surfaces.
Evolution of the STIP literature: discovering the growing role of innovation governance concepts
Authors: Ghazinoory Sepehr , Ranjbar Alireza , Saheb Tahereh Sonia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The evolution of science, technology, and innovation Policy (STIP) studies has been marked by the emergence and decline of various intellectual streams regarding the innovation process and the role of government. These streams are known as STIP generations or paradigms and have undergone changes in perspective on innovation across different historical periods. This article aims to provide a clear understanding of how the themes explored in STIP studies have evolved over different STIP generations. To this end, a dataset of the most cited research documents from 1975 to 2022 was studied using a mix of bibliometric and thematic analyses. The result reveals that the STIP literature has undergone three distinct but interrelated dimensions of evolution: the nature and process of innovation have shifted from a simple linear process to an interactive and complex one; the innovation agenda has expanded to include economic, social, and environmental goals; and perspectives on the governance of innovation have shifted from a centralized mode to a participatory and reflexive one. The conceptual framework developed in this research compares STIP generations in terms of the aforementioned three dimensions and shows that recent intellectual generations have a broader perspective than early generations across all three dimensions.
Diversity and biogeography of scale worms in the subfamily Lepidonotopodinae (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents with descriptions of four new species
Authors: Han Yuru , Zhou Yadong , Chen Chong , Wang Yueyun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lepidonotopodinae is a subfamily of Polynoidae endemic to deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems around the world. Nevertheless, their species composition and phylogeny have only been systematically studied in hydrothermal vents of the Eastern and Western Pacific. Here, we morphologically and genetically examined worms in Lepidonotopodinae from vents across three Indian Ocean ridges, revealing two new Branchinotogluma species (B. jiaolongae sp. nov. and B. kaireiensis sp. nov.) and two new Levensteiniella species (L. pettiboneae sp. nov. and L. longqiensis sp. nov.). Primary morphological characters distinguishing them from other congeners include the number and arrangement of both pharyngeal papillae and ventral papillae. The reconstructed molecular phylogeny of Lepidonotopodinae supports a monophyletic Levensteiniella, with the two new Indian Ocean species recovered as sisters. As revealed in previous studies, a paraphyletic Branchinotogluma was also found, with the three Indian Ocean species separated into distinct clades with sister-relationships to species from the Mid-Atlantic, Alarcon Rise, and Manus Basin, respectively. This indicates three separate historical invasions to Indian Ocean vents. Our findings increase the number of Indian Ocean Lepidonotopodinae worms to seven, now the most diverse annelid group there, and help to elucidate the biodiversity, distribution, and biogeography of this subfamily in the Indian Ocean.