bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Asfotase Alfa on Plasma and Urine Pyrophosphate Levels and Pseudofractures in a Patient With Adult‐Onset Hypophosphatasia
Authors: Hidaka Naoko , Murata Hiroaki , Tachikawa Kanako , Osaki Keiichi , Sekiyama Takashi , Kinoshita Yuka , Kato Hajime , Hoshino Yoshitomo , Kimura Soichiro , Sunouchi Takashi , Watanabe So , Nangaku Masaomi , Makita Noriko , Michigami Toshimi , Ito Nobuaki 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTHypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited disease caused by variants of the ALPL gene encoding tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Adult‐onset HPP (adult HPP), known as a mild form of HPP, develops symptoms involving osteomalacia after the age of 18 years. Asfotase alfa (AA) is a modulated recombinant human alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that has been established as a first‐line therapy for severe forms of HPP, such as perinatal and infantile forms. We described a 64‐year‐old female who presented with pseudofractures in bilateral femur diaphyses and impaired mobility. Low serum ALP activity and a high concentration of urine phosphoethanolamine indicated the diagnosis of HPP, which was confirmed by the identification of a homozygous variant in the ALPL gene (c.319G > A; p.Val107Ile). An in vitro transfection experiment to measure the ALP activity of this novel variant protein was performed, resulting in 40% of the residual enzymatic activity compared with the wild type. AA was initiated to facilitate the union of pseudofracture and to improve mobility. After 6 months, radiographic images revealed the disappearance of fracture lines, and improvement of ambulatory ability was confirmed by the 6‐minute walk test (525 to 606 m). The EQ‐5D‐5L index was also improved (0.757 to 0.895). Within a follow‐up period, the levels of urine pyrophosphate corrected by urine creatinine (uPPi/Cre) declined in parallel with the level of plasma PPi (plasma PPi: 6.34 to 1.04 μM, uPPi/Cre: 226.8 to 75.4 nmol/mg). The beneficial effect of AA on pseudofracture healing in adult HPP was presented, although the application of AA should be restricted to patients exhibiting relatively severe manifestations. In addition, a novel pathogenic variant of the ALPL gene was identified with the supportive result of functional analysis. Furthermore, when monitoring patients with HPP treated with AA, uPPi/Cre might be a convenient substitute for plasma PPi, which requires immediate filtration after blood sampling. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An evaluation of dental continuing professional development programs in the USA and Canada
Authors: Luu Kovie , Da Silva Keith 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThis research explores continuing professional development (CPD) requirements for dental regulatory/licensing authorities located in the USA/Canada and their preferences toward different learning and assessment strategies.MethodsData were first retrieved through an environmental scan of CPD requirements posted on the websites for the 62 regulatory/licensing authorities located in the USA/Canada. Subsequently, an electronic questionnaire was distributed to the appropriate contact at each regulatory authority to capture additional data related to knowledge and preferences.ResultsThe environmental scan revealed that Canadian CPD programs had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) average of required CPD hours (26.67 ± 5.44) when compared to the USA (18.20 ± 4.23). For the survey component, 35 completed responses were received (response rate 56%). A total of 54% of respondents selected from a Likert scale that they “rarely” incorporate formative assessments, and 68% only “sometimes” or “often” incorporate summative assessments into their CPD programs. Additionally, 63% of respondents “never” incorporated predisposing activities, and 57% “never” incorporated reinforcing activities. It was perceived that renewal fees were insufficient to finance ongoing CPD costs (60%) and external industry sponsorships were required to sustain programs (43%). Respondents indicated that there is an insufficient number of evidence‐based courses available in a variety of dental disciplines.ConclusionsFormative and summative assessments and predisposing and reinforcing learning activities were not viewed as essential tools in CPD programs. Costs and human resources could be possible obstacles in incorporating learning activities and assessments. Future studies can build from the initial results of this study to improve the quality of learning in CPD programs.
Synergistic effects of CuO/TiO2‐chitosan‐farnesol nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities on melanoma cells SK‐MEL‐3
Authors: Indumathi Thangavelu , Suriyaprakash Jagadeesh , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Hirad Abdurahman Hajinur , Jaganathan Ravindran , Mathanmohun Maghimaa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe current investigation focuses on synthesizing copper oxide (CuO)‐titanium oxide (TiO2)‐chitosan‐farnesol nanocomposites with potential antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties against Melanoma cells (melanoma cells [SK‐MEL‐3]). The nanocomposites were synthesized using the standard acetic acid method and subsequently characterized using an X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results from the antibacterial tests against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Stapylococcus aureus demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, the antifungal studies using Candida albicans through the agar diffusion method displayed a considerable antifungal effect. For evaluating the anticancer activity, various assays such as MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis were conducted on SK‐MEL‐3 cells. The nanocomposites exhibited the ability to induce ROS generation, decrease MMP levels, and trigger apoptosis in SK‐MEL‐3 cells. Collectively, the findings demonstrated a distinct pattern for the synthesized bimetallic nanocomposites. Furthermore, these nanocomposites also displayed significant (p < 0.05) antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects when tested on the SK‐MEL‐3 cell line.
Creativity and the Cyber Shock: The Ultimate Paradox
Authors: Cropley David , Cropley Arthur 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe “Sputnik Shock” of 1957 led to acceptance of the usefulness of creativity, while the still developing “Cyber Shock” derives from emergence of the apparent production of creativity by CPSs and AI. The ultimate paradox of creativity, which draws on both these shocks, has given rise to the idea of algorithmic creativity. However, the rise of “Society 5.0” means that it is increasingly necessary to understand creativity in terms of disruptive solutions. Although generative AI is a major tool it risks blocking the pathway to disruptive creativity because it produces only incremental novelty based on the already known. What is required is a strong focus on genesis.
Parenteral nutrition‐related complications in older patients with acute intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Kang Garrett , Cheah Mark Chang Chuen , Yen Poh Bee , Tan Lee Boo , Chong Janet Ngian Choo , Cheang Lai Ye , Goh Rachel Jia Ling , Lee Miaw Sim , Tan Travis Kim Chye , Salazar Ennaliza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionReported outcomes for parenteral nutrition (PN)–related complications in older adult patients with acute intestinal failure who are receiving PN in the acute hospital setting are limited. Our study aims to compare PN‐related complications between older and younger adult patients.MethodsA retrospective descriptive study of inpatients who were administered PN from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, was performed. Patients were categorized into older (≥65 years old) and younger (<65 years old) adult groups.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐five patients were included. There were 103 patients in the older adult group (mean age: 73.9 [SD: 6.9] years) and 132 patients in the younger adult group (mean age: 52.4 [SD: 12.5] years). There was a significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score and lower Karnofsky score in the older adult group. The older adult group received significantly lower total energy (20.8 [SD: 7.8] vs 22.8 [SD: 6.3] kcal/kg/day), dextrose (3.1 [SD: 1.4] vs 3.6 [SD: 1.4] g/kg/day), and protein (1.1 [SD: 0.4] vs 1.2 [SD: 0.3] g/kg/day) than the younger group received. The mean length of stay was significantly shorter in the older adult group (35.9 [SD: 21.3] vs 59.8 [SD: 55.3]; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PN‐related complications and clinical outcomes (catheter‐related bloodstream infections, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, fluid overload, or inpatient mortality) between the two groups.ConclusionDespite more comorbidities in the older adult, the usage of PN in older adult patients with acute intestinal failure was associated with neither an increased rate of PN‐related complications nor worse clinical outcomes when compared with that of younger patients.
Dupilumab normalizes correlates of lysosomal function in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bürgler Christina , Dutoit Danielle , Radonjic‐Hoesli Susanne , Thormann Kathrin , Lehmann Mathias , Yousefi Shida , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Simon Dagmar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. Autophagy, which is important for the epidermal differentiation, is impaired in AD. The treatment with dupilumab, an interleukin (IL)‐4/IL‐13 receptor blocker, has been shown to reduce skin inflammation and restore the skin barrier.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effect of dupilumab on the expression of key proteins involved in autophagy and lysosomal degradation.MethodsWe performed immunofluorescence staining and microscopic analyses of skin specimens of AD patients, taken before and under (6–10 weeks) therapy with dupilumab, to investigate the expression of autophagy‐related (ATG) 5 and ATG7 proteins, beclin‐1, microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B), sequestosome‐1 (p62), lysosomal proteases (cathepsins B, D and L), serine protease inhibitors (SERPINB3, SERPINB4) as well as IL‐33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP).ResultsThe expression of LC3B and p62 as well as SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 was highly increased in untreated AD skin compared to non‐lesional skin and normal skin and decreased upon dupilumab therapy. In contrast, the AD‐associated increased expression of both ATG5 and ATG7 further increased under therapy. Before therapy, cathepsin D and L expression levels were significantly lower compared to normal skin, but increased following the initiation of dupilumab therapy. The increased expression of IL‐33 and TSLP in the epidermis of AD patients correlated with that of LC3B and p62.ConclusionsOur study provides further evidence that autophagy is inhibited in lesional AD skin owing to lysosomal dysfunction. Upon dupilumab therapy, a restoration of dysregulated key players of autophagy is observed.
Hypermobility in patients with epidermolysis bullosa—A retrospective observational study from a national referral center
Authors: Bageta Maria L. , Wood Michelle , Lopez Balboa Pablo , Petrof Gabriela , Martinez Anna E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited genodermatosis of variable severity characterised by skin and mucosal fragility commonly associated with altered gait patterns and hypermobility.ObjectivesTo define the altered gait pattern and identify possible causes in patients with EB.MethodsRetrospective review of the EB database to identify children with EB with at least one physiotherapy assessment between 2009 and 2022.ResultsForty‐eight children out of 59 referrals to physiotherapy with an altered gait pattern were identified (81.3%); 23 (48%) had recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB), 17 (36%) EB simplex, five (10%) Junctional EB (JEB) and three (6%) dominant dystrophic EB (DDEB). The patho‐mechanical altered gait patterns were characterised by altered load‐bearing surface in contact with the floor (63%), short shuffling pattern with high cadence and decreased single support (42%) and equinovarus (toe walking) (6%). Hypermobility (as defined by the Beighton score) was present in 67% of patients: 43% in RDEB, 88% in EBS, 100% in JEB and 67% in DDEB.ConclusionsIn this study, we provide the first accurate data for the causes of altered gait patterns in children with EB. Healthcare professionals should be aware of joint hypermobility and its effect on gait in this patient cohort.
Salvianolic acid A improves nerve regeneration and repairs nerve defects in rats with brain injury by downregulating miR‐212‐3p‐mediated SOX7
Authors: Huang Shuai , Wang Hong‐Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study was to probe the protective effects and mechanisms of salvianolic acid A (SAA) on cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI). The middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) was established in rats. Rats' behavior, neurological deficits, brain injury, inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain tissue were evaluated. The inflammatory response and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were detected. SAA‐mediated changes in miR‐212‐3p, SOX7, and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway were determined, and the targeting relationship between miR‐212‐3p and SOX7 was clarified. SAA alleviated the neurological deficits and brain injury of MCAO rats and inhibited the inflammatory response and apoptosis of OGD/R‐conditioned PC‐12 cells. SAA upregulated miR‐212‐3p, Wnt3a, and β‐catenin, whereas inhibited SOX7 levels. Silencing miR‐212‐3p counteracted the protective effect of SAA in the context of CIRI. SOX7 was a target protein of miR‐212‐3p. Silencing SOX7 based on SAA and miR‐212‐3p knockdown suppressed OGD/R‐induced inflammation and apoptosis and increased Wnt3a and β‐catenin levels in PC12 cells. SAA can improve the brain and nervous system injury caused by cerebral ischemia–reperfusion by upregulating miR‐212‐3p, thereby inhibiting SOX7 and activating the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway.
The speed‐in‐action problem for the nonlinear hyperbolic equation with a nonlocal condition
Authors: Guliyev Hamlet , Tagiyev Hikmet , Gasimov Yusif 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the paper the speed‐in‐action problem is investigated for the second‐order nonlinear hyperbolic equation. The main feature of the paper is that for the first time the problem is considered with a nonlocal condition in differ from many works devoted the similar problems. A theorem on the existence of the optimal control is proved. Freshet differentiability of the corresponding functional is shown. The necessary optimality conditions are derived in the form of variational inequalities.
Afterword: Kinship Possibilities in Water Futures
Authors: McCormack Fiona 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis special issue of Oceania interrogates the material and cultural factors underpinning water socio‐economies in Australia; a critical project given the wet and dry crises now unfolding in the Anthropocene. Three themes inform the collection – materialities, imaginaries and temporalities – each of which animates a diverse array of ethnographic inquiry into transformative water futures. The radical potential of kinship is also a cross‐cutting theme, with the articles collectively revealing how kin relatedness works to disrupt the categorical framing of ‘modern water’ as an extractive resource.
Joint spatial–temporal association of response codes (STEARC) effect: Mental timelines embodied interpersonally
Authors: Ren Weicong , Guo Xiujuan , Wang Fusui , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA co‐action task was used to explore the effect of social interactions on temporal judgements, in comparison with an individual‐task condition. In Experiment 1, the co‐actors sat either individually (individual condition) or alongside a partner (joint condition) in front of a monitor and then responded to time‐related words (e.g. yesterday, tomorrow). In Experiment 2, co‐actors sat separately in front of two monitors and categorized the words either individually or jointly. Participants' response times to past‐ and future‐related words in the individual conditions of both experiments had no significant difference. However, in the joint conditions, the responses were faster when the past‐time words were mapped toward the participants on the left than when future‐time words were mapped toward them. Our data support the existence of a specific mapping between past‐time–left space and future‐time–right space. This suggests that the two cooperators probably shared a similar mental timeline.
Development of the Delusional Interpretation Scale and examination of related variables
Authors: Ito Satsuki , Matsumoto Junya , Hashimoto Ryota , Ishimaru Keiichiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimDelusions are a common symptom in schizophrenia. Some scales have been developed to measure delusional tendencies in healthy people, and nonpathological delusional thinking can occur even among these individuals. The existing scales measure the presence and frequency of delusional thoughts, distress levels, and confidence levels. However, these scales are limited because they do not consider the context of the delusions (i.e., where, with whom, and when). In this study, we developed a new scale that presents detailed scenes using illustrations and sentences and measures the tendency toward delusional interpretations.MethodsFactor analysis was conducted to confirm the factor structure of the new scale. To examine the validity of the scale, we analyzed the correlations between delusional tendencies and related variables and verified the consistency between the current scale and previously developed tools.ResultsFactor analysis confirmed that the new scale has a two‐factor structure, including “internal attribution and paranoid tendency” and “external attribution tendency.” The new scale was found to have acceptable reliability and validity. The internal attribution and paranoid tendency factor was negatively correlated with self‐esteem and decentering. Furthermore, the internal attribution and paranoid tendency factor showed a moderate positive correlation with depressive state and anxiety tendency and a very weak positive correlation with experiences of bullying or harassment.ConclusionThe correlations between the new scale and related variables confirmed the construct validity and replicated the results reported in previous studies. This new scale enables the measurement of delusional tendencies in healthy subjects based on the social context.
Coherent subsiding structures in large‐eddy simulations of atmospheric boundary layers
Authors: Brient Florent , Couvreux Fleur , Rio Catherine , Honnert Rachel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCoherent structures are characterized in high‐resolution simulations of three atmospheric boundary layers: dry convection, marine cumulus, and stratocumulus. Based on radioactive‐decaying tracers emitted at different altitudes (surface, top of well‐mixed layer, and cloud top), an object‐oriented methodology allows individual characterization of coherent tridimensional plumes within the flow. Each boundary layer shows updraft structures surrounded by subsiding shells that have similar thermodynamical characteristics. Well‐mixed downdrafts are located relatively close to updrafts and entrain dry, warm air from the free troposphere. While updrafts primarily carry the majority of heat and moisture within well‐mixed layers, accounting for 62‐70% of the total resolved flux, it is noteworthy that well‐mixed downdrafts also contibute a significant portion, ranging from 14% to 35%. Identified in all boundary layers, these subsiding structures are triggered by air mass convergence linked to updrafts' divergence and are thus part of an overturning circulation in well‐mixed layers. Close to the surface, downdrafts' divergence constrain updrafts' locations and thus shape a mesoscale cellular organization with cell sizes scaling with the boundary‐layer height (aspect ratio of around 2). Active cumulus formation does not strongly perturb the spatial organization of the sub‐cloud well‐mixed layer. The stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer also shares similarities with the overturning circulation despite having condensation and cloud‐radiation diabatic effects within the mixed layer. However, the visible mesoscale organization of stratocumulus shows larger cells than the boundary‐layer depth (aspect ratio 10) that suggest deviations from the clear‐sky conceptual view. The boundary‐layer decoupling influences mass fluxes of coherent structures and thus potentially plays a role in shaping the spatial organization. Since well‐mixed downdrafts contribute to a significant part of resolved flux of heat and moisture, our results suggest that downdraft properties in well‐mixed layers should be represented at the subgrid scale in climate models through non‐local mass‐flux parametrizations.
Bioinspired Nanotubes by Soft‐template Electropolymerization from Fully Conjugated Monomers
Authors: Dione Pape Diene , Dramé Abdoulaye , Diouf Alioune , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBioinspired by the strong water‐adhesive forces of gecko foot or rose petals, here, nanotubular structures are prepared by soft‐template electropolymerization. Water is mixed to a solvent of low water‐solubility to form a micellar solution in the presence of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as the electrolyte and surfactant. As the monomer, a benzene is trifunctionalized with various thiophene and carbazole moieties. The monomers are fully conjugated to favor the deposition compared to polymerization, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry experiments. The surface nanostructures (nanotubes, nano‐ribbons, coral‐like structures) are highly dependent on the monomer and the water content but less on the deposition method. The maximum water contact angle is 158.1° accompanied with strong water adhesive force. These surfaces are highly interesting for applications in water‐harvesting systems or in sensing platforms.
Construction of Embedded Sulfur‐Doped g‐C3N4/BiOBr S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Highly Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Compound Rhodamine B
Authors: Lin Sen , Sun Zhangwei , Qiu Xiaoyu , Li Han , Ren Peidong , Xie Haijiao , Guo Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConstructing S‐scheme heterojunction catalysts is a key challenge in visible‐light catalysed degradation of organic pollutants. Most heterojunction materials are reported to face significant obstacles in the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs owing to differences in the material size and energy barriers. In this study, sulfur‐doped g‐C3N4 oxidative‐type semiconductor materials are synthesized and then coupled with BiOBr reductive‐type semiconductor to form S‐g‐C3N4/BiOBr S‐scheme heterojunction. A strong and efficient internal electric field is established between the two materials, facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. Notably, in situ XPS proved that after visible light irradiation, Bi3+ is converted into Bi(3+ɑ)+, and a large number of photogenerated holes are produced on the surface of BiOBr, which oxidized and activated H2O into •OH. •OH cooperated with •O2− and 1O2 to attack Rhodamine B (RhB) molecules to achieve deep oxidation mineralization. The composite material is designed with a LUMO energy level higher than that of RhB, promoting the sensitization of RhB by injecting photogenerated electrons into the heterojunction, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic performance to 22.44 times that of pure g‐C3N4. This study provides a new perspective on the efficient degradation of organic molecules using visible light catalysis.