bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irish farmers’ engagement with dairy calf welfare: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Läpple Doris , Arpinon Thibaut 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dairycalf welfare is receiving increasing public attention. To ensure optimal practices, farmers need to engage and be mindful of unethical behavior. However, avoiding information on animal welfare is common and often driven by willful ignorance. We conduct an exploratory analysis on survey data from 546 Irish dairy farmers. We investigate farmers’ choice to view a picture of transported dairy calves and find that over 20 per cent of farmers prefer to remain in a state of ignorance. Higher self-reported calf mortality and education increase the odds of viewing the picture while being a female decreases them. Farmers’ reasons for avoiding include the lack of new information in the picture, anticipated negative feelings, and biased information expectations. Additional explorations suggest that the farmers’ decision is not a survey artifact, but the results are not robust and further research is needed to confirm. Possible suggestions to improve calf welfare are to foster farmers’ trust, package information as new evidence on best calf-rearing practices, and better understand perceptions of animal welfare.
Comparison of Molecular and Morphological Identification Methods for Anguina Seed Gall Nematodes in Oregon Grasses Grown for Seed
Authors: Rivedal Hannah M. , Temple Todd N. , Starchvick Robert J. , Braithwaite Emily , Lowder Sarah R. , Dorman Seth J. , Núñez Rodríguez Lester A. , Peetz Amy B. , Zasada Inga A. 
Published: February 2024

Oregon's grass seed industry specializes in the production of forage grasses, including annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum) and orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata). These species are hosts of seed gall nematodes (SGNs): Anguina funesta and Anguina sp. SGNs cause yield-limiting seed galls and can also vector toxic Rathayibacter bacteria. Trade partners have strict phytosanitary regulations leading to rejection of seed lots infested with SGNs. Current best practices for SGN detection focus on postharvest seed evaluation. Methods to evaluate fields before harvest could improve risk management decisions. In this study, we evaluated timing, collection, and detection methods to generate new recommendations for SGN detection throughout the growing season. Fields of annual ryegrass (21) and orchardgrass (7) were sampled in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at tillering (March), flowering (May), harvest (July), and germination (November). At each time point, tillers, seed heads, or soil samples were collected. Nematodes were extracted from soil, tiller, and seed head samples using traditional nematology methods. Alternatively, SGN-specific real-time and conventional PCR protocols were evaluated on DNA extracted from tillers or seed heads. Direct enumeration of SGN from tillers with traditional nematology methods resulted in positive detections in 11 to 19% of fields, depending on sample time and year, as opposed to 33 to 44% of fields when using molecular methods. SGNs were detected in 40% of fields using both methods when evaluating seed head samples. This study indicates the utility of incorporating molecular methods for risk evaluations of SGNs and provides recommendations for accurate SGN detection throughout the growing season. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
Changes in Listening Effort Through Pupil Response After Atresioplasty in Children With Congenital Aural Atresia
Authors: Ahn Jungmin , Cho Yang-Sun 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine whether the improvement of hearing by surgical treatment alleviates cognitive demands through pupil response in patients with unilateral congenital aural atresia (CAA).

Design:
A prospective study was performed on patients with unilateral CAA who were scheduled to undergo primary atresioplasty between November 2017 and May 2020. Pure-tone audiometry, auditory digit span test, Korean Speech Perception in Noise test, pupil measurement during speech tests, and questionnaires (Sound-Spatial-Qualities of Hearing Scale; subjective listening effort rating) were performed before and 6 months after surgery.

Results:
Of 30 consecutive patients who initially enrolled, only 18 patients (12 males and 6 females) were included in the analysis. When the improvement of the air-bone gap and interaural difference of air conduction within 30 dB was defined as a successful hearing outcome, successful hearing improvement was achieved in 50% of the 18 patients. In pupil measurement, the success group had a significantly smaller mean pupil dilation response than the nonsuccess group at 0 and −3 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) (all p < 0.01). In addition, significant differences were identified between the two groups for peak dilation and peak latency at all noise levels (all p < 0.01). When analyzing the change in pupil response before and after surgery, the difference in relative mean pupil dilation in the success group was significantly greater than that in the nonsuccess group at −3 dB SNR (p = 0.02). In addition, the success group showed a significantly greater change in peak latency than the nonsuccess group at the −3 dB SNR (p < 0.01). The difference in peak dilation tended to be greater in the success group than in the nonsuccess group, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Patients with unilateral CAA who achieved surgically improved hearing had a smaller pupil dilation response than those who did not. These results suggest that successful hearing outcomes after surgery in patients with unilateral CAA may reduce the cognitive effort required to understand speech under difficult listening conditions.
Osteopontin Promotes Angiogenesis in the Spinal Cord and Exerts a Protective Role Against Motor Function Impairment and Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Weng Yingqi , Lu Feng , Li Ping , Jian Yanping , Xu Jingmei , Zhong Tao , Guo Qulian , Yang Yong 
Published: February 2024

Study Design.
Basic science study using a hemi-section spinal cord injury (SCI) model.

Objective.
We sought to assess the effect of blocking Osteopontin (OPN) up-regulation on motor function recovery and pain behavior after SCI and to further investigate the possible downstream target of OPN in the injured spinal cord.

Summary of Background Data.
OPN is a noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein widely expressed across different tissues. Its expression substantially increases following SCI. A previous study suggested that this protein might contribute to locomotor function recovery after SCI. However, its neuroprotective potential was not fully explored, nor were the underlying mechanisms.

Methods.
We constructed a SCI mouse model and analyzed the expression of OPN at different time points, and the particular cell distribution in the injured spinal cord. Then, we blocked OPN up-regulation with lentivirus delivering siRNA targeting OPN specifically and examined its effect on motor function impairment and neuropathic pain after SCI. The underlying mechanisms were explored in the OPN-knockdown mice model and cultured vascular endothelial cells.

Results.
The proteome study revealed that OPN was the most dramatically increased protein following SCI. OPN in the spinal cord was increased significantly 3 weeks after SCI. Suppressing the OPN up-regulation via siRNA exacerbated motor function impairment and neuropathic pain. Additionally, SCI resulted in an increase in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), AKT phosphorylation, and angiogenesis within the spinal cord, all of which were curbed by OPN reduction. Similarly, OPN knockdown suppressed VEGF expression, AKT phosphorylation, cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in cultured vascular endothelial cells.

Conclusion.
OPN demonstrates a protective influence against motor function impairment and neuropathic pain following SCI. This phenomenon may result from the pro-angiogenetic effect of OPN, possibly due to activation of the VEGF and/or AKT pathways.
Validation of a Novel, Rapid Sepsis Diagnostic for Emergency Department Use
Authors: O’Neal Hollis R. , Sheybani Roya , Janz David R. , Scoggins Robert , Jagneaux Tonya , Walker James E. , Henning Daniel J. , Rosenman Elizabeth , Mahler Simon A. , Regunath Hariharan , Sampson Christopher S. , Files D. Clark , Fremont Richard D. , Noto Michael J. , Schneider Erica E. , Shealey Wesley R. , Berlinger Matthew S. , Carver Thomas C. , Walker Morgan K. , Ledeboer Nathan A. , Shah Ajay M. , Tse Henry T.K. , DiCarlo Dino , Rice Todd W. , Thomas Christopher B. 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the in vitro IntelliSep test, a microfluidic assay that quantifies the state of immune activation by evaluating the biophysical properties of leukocytes, as a rapid diagnostic for sepsis.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Five emergency departments (EDs) in Louisiana, Missouri, North Carolina, and Washington.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients presenting to the ED with signs (two of four Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria, where one must be temperature or WBC count) or suspicion (provider-ordered culture) of infection.

INTERVENTIONS:
All patients underwent testing with the IntelliSep using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-anticoagulated whole blood followed by retrospective adjudication for sepsis by sepsis-3 criteria by a blinded panel of physicians.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 599 patients enrolled, 572 patients were included in the final analysis. The result of the IntelliSep test is reported as the IntelliSep Index (ISI), ranging from 0.1 to 10.0, divided into three interpretation bands for the risk of sepsis: band 1 (low) to band 3 (high). The median turnaround time for ISI results was 7.2 minutes. The ISI resulted band 1 in 252 (44.1%), band 2 in 160 (28.0%), and band 3 in 160 (28.0%). Sepsis occurred in 26.6% (152 of 572 patients). Sepsis prevalence was 11.1% (95% CI, 7.5–15.7%) in band 1, 28.1% (95% CI, 21.3–35.8%) in band 2, and 49.4% (95% CI, 41.4–57.4%) in band 3. The Positive Percent Agreement of band 1 was 81.6% and the Negative Percent Agreement of band 3 was 80.7%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74. Compared with band 1, band 3 correlated with adverse clinical outcomes, including mortality, and resource utilization.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increasing ISI interpretation band is associated with increasing probability of sepsis in patients presenting to the ED with suspected infection.
Determining Accurate Dye Combinations for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Swerdlow Mark , Vangsness Kella L. , Kress Gavin T. , Georgescu Anda , Wong Alex K. , Carré Antoine Lyonel 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Lymphatic dyes are commonly used to map the drainage path from tumor to lymphatics, which are biopsied to determine if spread has occurred. A blue dye in combination with technetium-99 is considered the gold standard for mapping, although many other dyes and dye combinations are used. Not all of these substances have the same detection efficacy.

Methods:
A systematic review of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Medline was performed. The predefined search terms were (indocyanine green OR isosulfan blue OR lymphazurin OR patent blue OR methylene blue OR fluorescein OR technetium-99) AND combination AND dye AND (sentinel lymph node biopsy OR lymphedema OR lymphatics OR lymph OR microsurgery OR cancer OR tumor OR melanoma OR carcinoma OR sarcoma).

Results:
The initial search returned 4267 articles. From these studies, 37 were selected as candidates that met inclusion criteria. After a full-text review, 34 studies were selected for inclusion. Eighty-nine methods of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection were trialed using 22 unique dyes, dye combinations, or other tracers. In total, 12,157 SLNs of 12,801 SLNs were identified. Dye accuracy ranged from 100% to 69.8% detection. Five dye combinations had 100% accuracy. Dye combinations were more accurate than single dyes.

Conclusions:
Combining lymphatic dyes improves SLN detection results. Replacing technetium-99 with ICG may allow for increased access to SLN procedures with comparable results. The ideal SLN tracer is a low-cost molecule with a high affinity for lymphatic vessels due to size and chemical composition, visualization without specialized equipment, and no adverse effects.
A Relative Value Unit–Based Model for Targeted Nipple–Areola Complex Neurotization in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy
Authors: Das Rishub K. , Remy Katya , McCarty Justin C. , Valerio Ian L. , Austen William G. , Carruthers Katherine H. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
For transmasculine individuals, double-incision mastectomy with free nipple grafts is the most common procedure for gender-affirming chest masculinization. However, patients report decreased sensation postoperatively. Direct coaptation of intercostal nerves to the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) is an experimental technique that may preserve postoperative sensation, yet whether reimbursements and billing codes incentivize hospital systems and surgeons to offer this procedure lacks clarity.

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of fiscal year 2023 Medicare physician fee schedule values was performed for neurotization procedures employing Current Procedural Terminology codes specified by prior studies for neurotization of the NAC. Additionally, operative times for gender-affirming mastectomy at a single center were examined to compare efficiency between procedures with and without neurotization included.

Results:
A total of 29 encounters were included in the study, with 11 (37.9%) receiving neurotization. The mean operating time was 100.3 minutes (95% CI, 89.2–111.5) without neurotization and 154.2 minutes (95% CI, 139.9–168.4) with neurotization. In 2023, the average work relative value units (wRVUs) for neurotization procedures was 13.38. Efficiency for gender-affirming mastectomy was 0.23 wRVUs per minute without neurotization and 0.24 wRVUs per minute with neurotization, yielding a difference of 0.01 wRVUs per minute.

Conclusions:
Neurotization of the NAC during double-incision mastectomy with free nipple grafts is an experimental technique that may improve patient sensation after surgery. Current reimbursement policy appropriately values the additional operative time associated with neurotization relative to gender-affirming mastectomy alone.
Rate and Predictors of Satisfaction after Noninvasive Facial Cosmetic Procedures: A National Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alenazi Noura Farhan , AlBattal Nouf Z. , Albalawi Ibrahim Abdullah S. , Saleh Najla Alfateh , Alnaim Muna F. , Mahmoud Asmaa Z. Bin , Vasilescu D.C. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
In response to the growing popularity of noninvasive facial cosmetic procedures, this study assessed the rate and predictors of satisfaction with such procedures in Saudi Arabia, filling a research gap and emphasizing the role of patient satisfaction in optimizing care and understanding the economic implications for healthcare.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2023 using an online self-administered questionnaire distributed across all regions of Saudi Arabia. Eligible participants were Saudi adults aged 18 years and older who had undergone noninvasive facial cosmetic procedures. Patients who underwent surgical/invasive cosmetic procedures, nonfacial interventions, or interventions performed by doctors other than plastic surgeons or dermatologists were excluded.

Results:
Most participants reported satisfaction with their procedures. Significant predictors of satisfaction included sex, income, and residential area. Women, higher-income individuals, and residents of certain areas were more likely to report satisfaction. Participants also expressed a high level of satisfaction with the friendly and polite treatment they received from their doctors but showed dissatisfaction with the difficulty they faced in securing immediate postprocedure appointments.

Conclusions:
This study provides valuable insights into the rate and predictors of satisfaction after noninvasive facial cosmetic procedures in Saudi Arabia. These findings underscore the importance of considering sociodemographic factors in patient satisfaction and suggest areas for improvement in patient care, particularly in facilitating immediate postprocedure appointments. Future research should continue to explore these and other potential predictors to further improve patient outcomes in the field of noninvasive facial cosmetic procedures.
A cross-sectional review of contact allergens in popular self-tanning products
Authors: Newton Jazmin , Ogunremi Oluwafunke , Paulsen Riley T. , Lien Molly , Sievers Meaghan , Greenway Bietz Mandi 
Published: February 2024

Background:
In recent years, self-tanners have become a well-liked alternative to sun tanning and tanning bed usage, as strikingly similar results can be achieved without the harmful side effects of ultraviolet exposure.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to investigate the presence and prevalence of potential allergens in the most popular self-tanning products.

Methods:
Five major retailers in the United States were evaluated, from which 17 different brands and 44 unique self-tanning products were analyzed. The ingredients in each self-tanning product were compared with 80 and 36 notable contact allergens taken from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group and Food and Drug Administration–approved T.R.U.E (Thin-Layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous Patch Test), respectively.

Results:
We found that contact allergens are frequently present in self-tanning products; allergens especially common are propylene glycol, linalool, polysorbate, d-limonene, benzyl alcohol, tocopherol (vitamin E), fragrances, and other scented botanicals. On average, each self-tanner we analyzed contained 11.86 allergens.

Limitations:
The limitation is that commercial names could not be eliminated from the analysis, introducing potential bias.

Conclusion:
While self-tanning products are a safer alternative to tanning bed use or sunbathing, consumers and clinicians alike must be aware that they may cause an allergic reaction of the skin for some users.
Enhancing foot care education and support strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ju Hsiao-Hui , Ottosen Madelene , Alford Jeffery , Jularbal Jed , Johnson Constance 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
People with diabetes are susceptible to serious and disabling foot complications, which increase their morbidity and mortality rates. Examining the perspectives of people with diabetes on their foot care routines could help elucidate their beliefs and offer practical ways to prevent foot problems.

Purpose:
We explored the perspectives of adults with diabetes on their foot care practices to identify and enhance foot care education and support strategies.

Methodology:
Using the Zoom platform, 29 adults with diabetes completed a 3-month telehealth educational program, during which interviews were conducted. This article reports the results of thematic content analysis of the qualitative data. Coded participant statements were organized into categories and reexamined to identify emergent themes.

Results:
Analysis of participants' perceptions revealed four main themes of influences that facilitated and/or hindered their foot care practices. Foot care behaviors were facilitated by patients' personal knowledge of others with diabetes-related foot consequences (theme 1). Foot care practices were hindered by the emotional impact of living with diabetes (theme 2), and the physical, social, and lifestyle limitations associated with foot care (theme 3). Finally, patients noted that interactions with family could be either a facilitator or hindrance to their foot care routines (theme 4).

Conclusions:
These findings highlight multiple patient-centered factors related to personal, physical, psychosocial, and cultural influences that affect foot care behaviors.

Implications:
An understanding of how patients manage diabetes-related foot care can help nurse practitioners enhance foot care education and support strategies in this population.
Ethical considerations and decision making in opioid prescribing for chronic pain: A case study in rheumatology practice
Authors: Carnago Lisa , Knisely Mitchell R. , Malek Janet 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Dilemmas regarding opioid prescribing for chronic pain frequently occur within health care settings. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, as well as the principles of care ethics, can assist in addressing these opioid-related dilemmas. The purpose of this clinical case study is to provide a case study highlighting an opioid prescribing dilemma and then identify opioid-related transition considerations; address ethical questions that nurse practitioners (NPs) may encounter in clinical practice when providing care for individuals living with chronic pain who may need or use a prescribed opioid medication; and draw on the ethical principles and care ethics to provide guidance for NPs who face these challenging issues.
Relation between frailty and adverse outcomes in elderly patients with gastric cancer: a scoping review
Authors: Tan Zheng-Ke-Ke , Tang Wen-Zhen , Jia Kui , Li Dan-Ni , Qiu Li-Yan , Chen Xin , Yang Li 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Playing an exemplary role, frailty have crucial effect on the preoperative evaluation of elderly patients. Previous studies have shown that frailty is associated with complications and mortality in patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, with the development of the concept of “patient-centered”, the range of health-related outcomes is broad. The differences in relation between frailty and various adverse outcomes will be further explored.

Method:
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases were searched for keywords, including frailty (such as frail) and gastric cancer (such as stomach neoplasms or stomach cancer or gastrectomy or gastric surgery). The search period is until August 2023. The included studies were observational or cohort studies with postoperative related adverse outcomes as primary or secondary outcome measures. Valid assessment tools were used. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies was used to assess methodological quality in the included literature.

Result:
15 studies were included, including 4 cross-sectional studies, 8 retrospective cohort studies, and 3 prospective cohort studies. Among them, 6 studies were rated as “Good” and 9 studies were rated as “Fair,” indicating that the quality of the literature was high. Then, 10 frailty assessment tools were summarized and classified into two broad categories in accordance with frailty models. Results of the included studies indicated that frailty in elderly patients with GC was associated with postoperative complications, mortality, hospital days, readmissions, quality of life, nonhome discharge, and admission to the intensive care unit.

Conclusion:
This scoping review concludes that high levels of preoperative frailty increase the risk of adverse outcomes in elderly patients with GC. Frailty will be widely used in the future clinical evaluation of elderly gastric cancer patients, precise risk stratification should be implemented for patients, and frailty management should be implemented well to reduce the occurrence of adverse treatment outcomes.