bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective analysis of circulating endostatin levels in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Feldman Andrew L. , Alexander H. Richard , Yang James C. , Linehan W. Marston , Eyler Robin A. , Miller Marshall S. , Steinberg Seth M. , Libutti Steven K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the current study was to assess circulating levels of endogenous endostatin in patients with renal carinoma and to determine the relationship of these levels to circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prognosis.METHODSThe authors prospectively studied 66 patients (48 male, 18 female; mean age, 50 years) undergoing nephrectomy for renal carcinoma on clinical trials at the National Cancer Institute. Metastases were present in 51 of 66 patients (77%) at the time of nephrectomy. Preoperative and followup serum endostatin and VEGF levels were determined using competitive enzyme immunoassays and compared to a group of 32 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. Associations between circulating endostatin levels and clinicopathologic variables, including survival, were determined.RESULTSPreoperative endostatin levels were higher in renal carcinoma patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.05). There was a weak to moderate correlation between pretreatment serum endostatin levels and serum VEGF levels (r = 0.47; P = 0.001), and levels of both proteins increased significantly following nephrectomy (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively; n = 41). In addition, patients whose endostatin levels increased more than twofold after nephrectomy had significantly poorer prognoses than patients without such an increase (P = 0.018). This association was more pronounced when patients without metastases were excluded (P = 0.0037).CONCLUSIONSCirculating endostatin levels are elevated in patients with renal carcinoma and correlate with circulating VEGF levels. Endostatin levels increase after nephrectomy, and patients with the greatest increases experience shortened survival times. These findings suggest an association between tumor aggressiveness and the production of endogenous endostatin in patients with renal carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:1637–43. Published 2002 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10845
Improved outcomes in patients with osteogenic sarcoma of the head and neck
Authors: Patel Snehal G. , Meyers Paul , Huvos Andrew G. , Wolden Suzanne , Singh Bhuvanesh , Shaha Ashok R. , Boyle Jay O. , Pfister David , Shah Jatin P. , Kraus Dennis H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study reviews the authors' recent institutional experience in the treatment of osteosarcoma of the head and neck (OSHN).METHODSThe clinical records of 44 patients who were treated between 1981 and 1998 for OSHN were reviewed retrospectively. Archived histologic material was reviewed and data were analyzed to identify factors predictive of disease control and survival. Outcomes were compared with a previously reported historic cohort treated at the study institution.RESULTSPatients ranged in age from 6 to 64 years (median, 31 years). The mandible was the primary site in 18 patients (41%), the maxilla in 20 patients (45%), and the skull in 6 patients (14%). Surgery was employed in all 44 patients, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 30 patients (68%), and postoperative radiation therapy was given to 7 patients (16%). The surgical excision margins were positive in 13 patients (30%). High‐grade lesions were reported in 50% patients and low‐grade lesions were noted in 18% of patients (grade was not assessable in 32%). Histologic response was “unfavorable” in 22 of 30 patients (73%) who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 3‐year overall, disease‐specific, and recurrence‐free survival rates were approximately 81%, 81%, and 73%, respectively (median follow‐up of 41 months). Positive surgical margins were found to be the only significant predictor of worse disease‐specific survival. Compared with the historical cohort, the current experience demonstrated an obvious improvement in the 5‐year local control (35% vs. 78%), distant metastases (37% vs. 13%), and overall survival (23% vs. 70%).CONCLUSIONSNegative surgical margins were found to be the only significant predictor of overall and disease‐specific survival. The results of the current study represent a considerable improvement over the authors' previously published experience and compare favorably with the results reported in the literature. Cancer 2002;95:1495–503. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10849
The continuing increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Olson Janet E. , Janney Carol A. , Rao Ravi D. , Cerhan James R. , Kurtin Paul J. , Schiff David , Kaplan Richard S. , O'Neill Brian Patrick 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an extranodal form of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma arising in the craniospinal axis. The incidence of PCNSL appears to be increasing.METHODSPCNSL incidence data from 1973–1997 were obtained from the nine Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries. To limit the influence of the human immunodeficiency virus on incidence rates, data of never–married males and females and persons of unknown marital status were excluded. As a surrogate for new technology, SEER data were reviewed by dates of diagnosis (surrogate for imaging) and compared with glioma incidence (surrogate for stereotactic neurosurgery and improved diagnostic neuropathology). Age‐adjusted incidence rates were estimated and compared for the period prior to computed tomography (CT) (1973–1984) and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) period (1985–1997). The estimated annual percent change was calculated based on linear regression analyses using SEER*STAT.RESULTSThe incidence of PCNSL appears to be increasing in all SEER registries examined. All age groups demonstrated an increase over time. This increase was observed both in the CT era as well as in the MRI era. PCNSL age‐adjusted incidence (0.15 to 0.48, a 3‐fold increase) outpaced that of systemic lymphoma (14.1 to 18.5, a 33% increase) for the same registries over the same time periods. The rate of increase has begun to slow since 1985; the estimated annual percent change for PCNSL was three‐fold higher during the period 1973–1985 compared with 1986–1997.CONCLUSIONThe incidence rate of PCNSL continues to rise. The increase is evident in all age groups and in both genders. Data from the current study suggest that improved diagnostic tools, such as CT or MRI, cannot explain this increase. Cancer 2002;95:1504–10. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10851
Small‐volume image‐guided radiotherapy using hypofractionated, coplanar, and noncoplanar multiple fields for patients with inoperable Stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinomas
Authors: Fukumoto Shin‐ichi , Shirato Hiroki , Shimzu Shinichi , Ogura Shigeaki , Onimaru Rikiya , Kitamura Kei , Yamazaki Koichi , Miyasaka Kazuo , Nishimura Masaharu , Dosaka‐Akita Hirotoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDOccasionally, medically compromised and/or elderly patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) cannot be treated surgically. We investigated small‐volume hypofractionated image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) without the need for breath control in patients with inoperable Stage I NSCLCs.METHODSBetween September 1996 and September 1999, 22 patients with Stage I NSCLCs, including 19 males and 3 females, were treated with IGRT. Among these patients, there were 13 Stage IA and 9 Stage IB tumors. The tumors ranged in size from 14.2 to 58.5 mm, with a median size of 26.7 mm. Of the 22 patients, 19 were unfit for surgical treatment due to poor pulmonary function, complications, and/or advanced age and 3 refused surgery. Computed tomographic scans (CT) of the primary tumor were taken during three respiratory phases and they were analyzed to determine the planning target volume, which included only the primary tumor with allowances for respiratory movement. The radiation doses administered at the edge of the moving tumor during normal breathing were 80% of the prescribed dose, either 48 or 60 Gy given in eight fractions over 2 weeks. Clinical evaluation, chest CT scan, and pulmonary function tests were performed before irradiation and at regular intervals for the post‐IGRT follow‐up. The median follow‐up period was 24 months (range, 2–44 months; mean, 21.8 months) (at least 24 months for survivors).RESULTSOf 17 tumors assessed at the initial follow‐up 2–6 months after treatment (5 complete responses, 11 partial responses, and 1 progressive disease), 16 (94%) were controlled locally. One local recurrence was observed during the follow‐up. The lung carcinoma‐specific survival rate at 1 year was 94% and the 1‐year actuarial recurrence‐free survival rate was 71%. The lung carcinoma‐specific survival rate at 2 years was 73% and the 2‐year actuarial recurrence‐free survival rate was 67%. The treatment was well tolerated and no major side effects were observed. Localized radiation pneumonitis was observed in all patients who were examined by CT scan, but the patients were asymptomatic. Parameters of pulmonary function, including vital capacity, total lung capacity, and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, decreased very little or not at all, indicating that IGRT rarely deteriorated pulmonary functions.CONCLUSIONSSmall‐volume hypofractionated IGRT without breath control is a feasible and beneficial method for the curative treatment of patients with Stage I NSCLCs. It has the potential of a high local tumor control rate and low morbidity. Cancer 2002;95:1546–53. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10853
Trastuzumab‐associated cardiotoxicity
Authors: Keefe Deborah L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTrastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma in women whose tumors overexpress the HER2 protein. Cardiotoxicity has been reported to occur with trastuzumab when administered alone and in combination with antineoplastic agents, particularly anthracyclines. The risk of cardiotoxicity with trastuzumab has been reported to be 4% with monotherapy and 27% when administered in combination with an anthracycline and cyclophosphamide, but to the author's knowledge severe outcomes, such as death or permanent disability, are uncommon. The majority of reported cardiac effects are mild to moderate, nonspecific, and medically manageable. Signs and symptoms are similar to those observed in patients who develop anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy and include tachycardia, palpitations, and exertional dyspnea, which may progress to congestive heart failure. The pathogenesis and histologic changes responsible for trastuzumab‐associated cardiotoxicity currently are under investigation. Unlike anthracycline‐induced toxicity, trastuzumab‐associated toxicity usually responds to standard treatment or the discontinuation of trastuzumab, and there is no evidence that the toxicity is dose related. Current methods for the early detection of cardiotoxicity in trastuzumab‐treated patients are similar to those used in anthracycline‐treated patients. Cardiac function is established at baseline and monitored regularly during treatment by physical examination and measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction. The majority of patients improve with proper treatment, and some are able to continue to receive trastuzumab. Cancer 2002;95:1592–600. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10854
Strategies for improving melanoma education and screening for men age ≥ 50 years
Authors: Geller Alan C. , Sober Arthur J. , Zhang Zi , Brooks Daniel R. , Miller Donald R. , Halpern Allan , Gilchrest Barbara A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, the Institute of Medicine (2000) and the Third United States Preventive Services Task Force (2001) called for studies to help clinicians identify patients, especially elderly patients, who are at high risk for melanoma. In the current study, the authors sought to identify factors associated with a high yield in skin cancer screening and to explore strategies for improving mass screenings for melanoma.METHODSThe authors analyzed the data base of the 242,374 skin cancer screenings conducted on more than 206,000 Americans who attended the American Academy of Dermatology National Skin Cancer Screening Programs during the period 1992–1994.RESULTSNinety‐six percent of 3476 screenees with a presumptive diagnosis of melanoma or possible melanoma were contacted, and follow‐up records were obtained for 73% of screenees. Of these, 363 screenees had histologically proven melanoma. Middle‐aged and older men (age ≥ 50 years) comprised only 25% of screenees but comprised 44% of those with a confirmed diagnosis of melanoma. The overall yield of melanoma (the number of confirmed diagnoses per the number of screenees) was 1.5 per 1000 screenings (363 diagnoses of 242,374 screenees) compared with a yield of 2.6 per 1000 screenings among men age ≥ 50 years. The yield was improved further for men age ≥ 50 years who reported either a changing mole (4.6 per 1000 screenings) or skin types I and II (3.8 per 1000 screenings). The predictive value of a screening diagnosis of melanoma was more than twice as high for men age ≥ 50 years with either a changing mole or skin types I and II compared with all other participants.CONCLUSIONSThe yield of mass screening for melanoma would be improved by outreach to middle‐aged and older men, with particular focus on men with changing moles or with skin types I and II. Primary care physicians should be attuned to the risk factors among all of their patients but should be alerted in particular to the heightened risk of melanoma for men age ≥ 50 years. Formal assessment of the impact of targeted screening on mortality warrants further study. Cancer 2002;95:1554–61. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10855
Apoptosis and apoptosis‐related factors Bcl‐2, Bax, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and NF‐κB in human endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma
Authors: Vaskivuo Tommi E. , Stenbäck Frej , Tapanainen Juha S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDApoptosis controls cell homeostasis in the endometrium during normal menstrual cycles, and morphologic studies have suggested its association with the development of endometrial carcinoma. Apoptosis is regulated by several genes, especially those of the Bcl‐2 gene family, but their significance in endometrial pathologies is not well understood.METHODSTo study the role and regulation of apoptosis in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, human endometrial specimens were analyzed using in situ 3′‐end labeling of apoptotic cells and in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of apoptosis‐related factors.RESULTSApoptosis was scarce in normal proliferating endometrium as well as in simplex, complex, and atypical hyperplasia and was low in Grade I adenocarcinoma. In Grade II adenocarcinoma a significant increase in the rate of apoptosis was observed. Apoptosis decreased in Grade III adenocarcinoma, but it was still higher than in normal or hyperplastic endometrium. Bcl‐2 and Bax were expressed in normal and hyperplastic endometrium, and the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio was lower in endometrial carcinoma. Tumor necrosis factor‐α was expressed in normal endometrium and simplex and complex hyperplasia, but it was down‐regulated in atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. The transcription factor NF‐κB was present in proliferating endometrium and in endometrial hyperplasia, but its expression was lower in carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSIn endometrial proliferation and hyperplasia a low rate of apoptosis is present. In Grade I carcinoma the rate of apoptosis is decreased, but the rate is subsequently increased in advanced carcinoma. The decrease in the rate of apoptosis in Grade III adenocarcinoma may reflect loss of control of cell homeostasis, decreased differentiation, and increased malignancy. Cancer 2002;95:1463–71. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10876
Thin primary cutaneous melanomas
Authors: Schwartz Jennifer L. , Wang Timothy S. , Hamilton Ted A. , Lowe Lori , Sondak Vernon K. , Johnson Timothy M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPublic awareness and education may lead to the detection of thinner melanomas, which may result in a decrease in morbidity and mortality rates. Which detection patterns, lesion, and patient characteristics are associated with early detection?METHODSUsing the University of Michigan prospective melanoma database, the detection patterns, lesion characteristics, and patient characteristics of 1515 consecutive patients with in situ or invasive cutaneous melanomas were reviewed. Tumor thickness (measured in millimeters) was evaluated in relationship to detection patterns (patient, physician, spouse), lesion characteristics (change in color, size, shape/elevation, ulceration, bleeding, tenderness, itching), and patient characteristics (gender, skin type, number of atypical and clinically benign nevi, history of sunburn, personal and family history of melanoma).RESULTSPatient characteristics associated with early detection included female gender, at least one atypical nevus, greater than 20 clinically benign nevi, and/or a personal history of melanoma. Skin types I, II, and III, a history of sunburn, and/or a family history of melanoma were also associated with thinner lesions, but these associations were not statistically significant. Lesion characteristics associated with earlier detection included a change in color, size, shape/elevation, and/or itching. Physician‐detected melanomas were significantly thinner than patient or spouse‐detected lesions.CONCLUSIONSEducational campaigns should include increasing melanoma awareness in males and educating the public on the early signs and symptoms. Education should be directed at both high and low‐risk groups. Physicians should consider performing total skin examinations routinely on patients. Although they detect a relatively small percentage of all melanomas, physicians detect significantly thinner lesions. Cancer 2002;95:1562–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10880
Projections of the basilar pontine nuclei and nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to the cerebellar nuclei of the rat
Authors: Parenti Rosalba , Zappalà Agata , Serapide Maria Francesca , Pantò Maria Rosita , Cicirata Federico 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study showed the precise projection pattern of the basilar pontine nuclei (BPN) and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) to the cerebellar nuclei (CN), as well as the different anatomic features of BPN and NRTP projections. The staining of BPN or NRTP with biotinylated dextran labeled projection fibers to complementary topographic areas in the CN. In fact, BPN principally project to a rostrocaudally oriented column of the nucleus lateralis (NL), which at the midcentral level shifts to the lateroventral part of the nucleus, as well as to the caudolateral part of the nucleus interpositus posterioris. The NRTP projects to a rostrocaudal column of the NL, which at the midcentral level shifts medially, as well as to the nucleus interpositalis and to the caudal part of the nucleus medialis. BPN axons in the CN usually branch into short collaterals of simple morphology that involve small terminal areas, whereas NRTP axons branch into longer collaterals of complex morphology involving terminal areas of different sizes. Each site of injection is at the origin of a set of terminal areas in the CN. The set of projections from different BPN or NRTP areas were partially, but never completely, overlapping. Thus, the set of terminal areas in the CN was specific for each area of both BPN and NRTP. Injection of tetramethyl‐rhodamine‐dextran‐amine into the CN stained cell bodies of BPN and NRTP with different repartition on the two sides. The study showed that CN are innervated by the contralateral BPN and not very much by the ipsilateral BPN, whereas they are innervated by NRTP bilaterally, even if with a contralateral prevalence. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that both BPN and NRTP are concerned in the central program for skilled movements, even if they are probably involved in different functional roles. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:115–127, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular localization of bursicon using antisera against partial peptide sequences of this insect cuticle‐sclerotizing neurohormone
Authors: Honegger Hans‐Willi , Market Daniel , Pierce Larry A. , Dewey Elizabeth M. , Kostron Barbara , Wilson Melanie , Choi Dennis , Klukas Kathleen A. , Mesce Karen A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBursicon is the final neurohormone released at the end of the molting cycle. It triggers the sclerotization (tanning) of the insect cuticle. Until now, its existence has been verified only by bioassays. In an attempt to identify this important neurohormone, bursicon was purified from homogenates of 2,850 nerve cords of the cockroach Periplaneta americana by using high performance liquid chromatography technology and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Bursicon bioactivity was found in four distinct protein spots at approximately 30 kDa between pH 5.3 and 5.9. The protein of one of these spots at pH 5.7 was subsequently microsequenced, and five partial amino acid sequences were retrieved. Evidence is presented that two of these sequences are derived from bursicon. Antibodies raised against the two sequences labeled bursicon‐containing neurons in the central nervous systems of P. americana. One of these antisera labeled bursicon‐containing neurons in the crickets Teleogryllus commodus and Gryllus bimaculatus, and the moth Manduca sexta. A cluster of four bilaterally paired neurons in the brain of Drososphila melanogaster was also labeled. In addition, this antiserum detected three spots corresponding to bursicon in Western blots of two‐dimensional gels. The 12‐amino acid sequence detected by this antiserum, thus, seems to be conserved even among species that are distantly related. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:163–177, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Light and electron microscopic analysis of aquaporin 1‐like‐immunoreactive amacrine cells in the rat retina
Authors: Kim In‐Beom , Lee Eun‐Jin , Oh Su‐Ja , Park Cheol‐Beom , Pow David V. , Chun Myung‐Hoon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAquaporin 1 (AQP1; also known as CHIP, a channel‐forming integral membrane protein of 28 kDa) is the first protein to be shown to function as a water channel and has been recently shown to be present in the rat retina. We previously showed (Kim et al. [1998] Neurosci Lett 244:52–54) that AQP1‐like immunoreactivity is present in a certain population of amacrine cells in the rat retina. This study was conducted to characterize these cells in more detail. With immunocytochemistry using specific antisera against AQP1, whole‐mount preparations and 50‐μm‐thick vibratome sections were examined by light and electron microscopy. These cells were a class of amacrine cells, which had symmetric bistratified dendritic trees ramified in stratum 2 and in the border of strata 3 and 4 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Their dendritic field diameters ranged from 90 to 230 μm. Double labeling with antisera against AQP1 and γ‐aminobutyric acid or glycine demonstrated that these AQP1‐like‐immunoreactive amacrine cells were immunoreactive for glycine. Their most frequent synaptic input was from other amacrine cell processes in both sublaminae a and b of the IPL, followed by a few cone bipolar cells. Their primary targets were other amacrine cells and ganglion cells in both sublaminae a and b of the IPL. In addition, synaptic output onto bipolar cells was rarely observed in sublamina b of the IPL. Thus, the AQP1 antibody labels a class of glycinergic amacrine cells with small to medium‐sized dendritic fields in the rat retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:178–191, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.