bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressed mood and perception of negative partner behavior in couple interactions: A daily diary study
Authors: Luginbuehl Tamara , Schoebi Dominik , Goh Pei Hwa , Miller John V. , Davila Joanne 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite extensive research on depression and couple interactions, little is known about how depressed mood influences couples' experience of everyday life interactions. In this study, data were gathered from 72 different‐gender couples (N = 144 individuals), who reported their feelings, behavior, and perceptions of their partner's behavior several times a day over 14 days. The study revealed that when individuals reported feeling more depressed, they perceived their romantic partner's behavior as more distant and hurtful, and they felt treated worse and more rejected. Moreover, when individuals reported feeling more depressed, their romantic partners perceived them as more distant, and they reported feeling treated worse and more rejected. However, depressed mood did not predict subsequent relationship perceptions in time‐lagged associations, and the directionality from relationship perceptions to depressed mood was inconclusive.
The moderating role of democratic governance in the association between personal values and political ideologies
Authors: Wu Eileen Z. , Molden Daniel C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis analysis examined whether commonly assumed associations between personal values and political attitudes within countries varied worldwide by the level of democratic governance. In less democratic countries, people may have less exposure to or engagement with value expression through political party affiliation and experience less motivation to express values through political attitudes. Therefore, in such countries, the commonly assumed association of personal values typically labeled “conservative” (e.g., tradition) or “liberal” (e.g., universalism) with right‐ or left‐wing political ideologies could be weaker. Furthermore, less democratic governments are more likely to be perceived as a deciding presence in economic outcomes than the people's or the market's will, which could alter the degree to which right‐wing economic attitudes toward free markets and private enterprise are associated with conservative values. Responses to the World Value Survey across 60 countries were largely consistent with these moderation effects when operationalizing democratic governance using both more objective, structural, and subjective, perceptual metrics. In less democratic countries, conservation‐oriented personal values were less positively associated with broad right‐wing political identification and self‐transcendence‐oriented values less positively associated with broad left‐wing political identification. In less democratic countries, conservation‐oriented values were more negatively associated with right‐wing economic attitudes.
Rapid detection of Fusarium fujikuroi in rice seeds and soaking water samples based on recombinase polymerase amplification‐lateral flow dipstick
Authors: Zhang Fuyu , Jin Chenyi , Hu Renze , Li Zhaomeng , Hu Shuodan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Chuanqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBakanae disease is a rice seedborne disease caused by the Fusarium (Gibberella) fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), among which F. fujikuroi is the dominant pathogen. Pathogens usually hide inside or on the surface of seeds, and infection occurs mainly at the germination stage. In this study, a method for the detection of F. fujikuroi in rice seeds and seed soaking water samples was established using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technology with lateral flow device (LFD) chromatography test strips. A pair of specific primers and probes based on the cyp51c gene were screened. RPA‐LFD was used to detect 10 F. fujikuroi strains, and the results showed that all of them tested positive and there was no cross‐reaction with other Fusarium or non‐Fusarium species. The target production of the RPA‐LFD assay was obtained at 35–45°C for 8–14 min, and optimal reaction conditions of amplification at 39°C for 8 min is recommended. The sensitivity test showed that the detection limit of the RPA‐LFD test for F. fujikuroi genomic DNA in rice seeds was 100 fg/μL, and the detection limit for F. fujikuroi spores in submerged water samples was 100 spores/mL. In the assay for field samples, it successfully detected F. fujikuroi carried in the seeds of three out of five rice varieties. In addition, the whole RPA‐LFD assay can specifically detect F. fujikuroi within 30 min. This method is expected to become an early field monitoring tool for rice bakanae disease.
Overexpression of a C3HC4‐type E3‐ubiquitin ligase contributes to salinity tolerance by modulating Na+ homeostasis in rice
Authors: Kim Jong Ho , Lim Sung Don , Jung Ki‐Hong , Jang Cheol Seong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSoil salinity has a negative effect on crop yield. Therefore, plants have evolved many strategies to overcome decreases in yield under saline conditions. Among these, E3‐ubiquitin ligase regulates salt tolerance. We characterized Oryza sativa Really Interesting New Gene (RING) Finger C3HC4‐type E3 ligase (OsRFPHC‐4), which plays a positive role in improving salt tolerance. The expression of OsRFPHC‐4 was downregulated by high NaCl concentrations and induced by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. GFP‐fused OsRFPHC‐4 was localized to the plasma membrane of rice protoplasts. OsRFPHC‐4 encodes a cellular protein with a C3HC4‐RING domain with E3 ligase activity. However, its variant OsRFPHC‐4C161A does not possess this activity. OsRFPHC‐4‐overexpressing plants showed enhanced salt tolerance due to low accumulation of Na+ in both roots and leaves, low Na+ transport in the xylem sap, high accumulation of proline and soluble sugars, high activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, and differential regulation of Na+/K+ transporter expression compared to wild‐type (WT) and osrfphc‐4 plants. In addition, OsRFPHC‐4‐overexpressing plants showed higher ABA sensitivity under exogenous ABA treatment than WT and osrfphc‐4 plants. Overall, these results suggest that OsRFPHC‐4 contributes to the improvement of salt tolerance and Na+/K+ homeostasis via the regulation of changes in Na+/K+ transporters.
The effect of health empowerment on elder abuse in older adults
Authors: Karaman Seda , Özer Zülfünaz , Bahçecioğlu Turan Gülcan , Yilmaz Karabulutlu Elanur 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundUnderstanding elder abuse requires an assessment of variables that may limit older adults' capacities to handle their everyday lives, to live independently, and to defend themselves. This study was conducted to examine the effect of health empowerment on elder abuse in older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional and correlational study was conducted with 250 elderly individuals who applied to the internal medicine clinics of a university hospital in Elazig, eastern Turkey. Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Elders Health Empowerment Scale (EHES) and the Hwalek‐Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H‐S/EAST).ResultsThe average EHES total score of participants was 25.52 ± 6.58. The H‐S/EAST total score was 4.22 ± 3.49. Among subscales, the score of “Characteristics of the elder that make him or her vulnerable to abuse” subscale was 1.04 ± 0.83, the score of ‘Overt violation of personal rights and direct abuse’ subscale was 1.55 ± 1.30, and the score of ‘Characteristics of potentially abusive situations’ subscale was 1.62 ± 1.94. It was determined that the EHES (β = −0.163, P < 0.01) variable had a negative and significant effect on H‐S/EAST. It was found that a one‐unit decrease in the EHES variable increased the level of H‐S/EAST 0.849 times.ConclusionIt was determined that the level of empowerment of the participants was moderate. Elderly individuals were found to have a moderate risk of elder abuse. It was found that the risk of elder abuse decreased as older individuals became stronger.
High school Black girls’ experiences in a STEM after‐school program: A qualitative case study
Authors: Allen Miranda Mullins 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to limited research on Black girls in science education, this study focuses on the forms of capital Black girls cultivated through their participation in a community‐based STEM after‐school program. The study drew from the interviews and a focus group session of 10 Black girls and investigated their formal and informal experiences in science. Using intersectionality and community cultural wealth as theoretical perspectives, findings revealed that multiple forms of capital (aspirational, social, navigational, and familial) were fostered and interconnected throughout the program. The intersections of race and gender were also prominent contributions to the multidimensional, nuanced ways Black girls experience and flourish in STEM education. Implications and recommendations for future research on Black girls in science are discussed.
Weighted distances and distance transforms on the triangular tiling
Authors: Nagy Benedek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDigital geometry is a field in the intersection of discrete mathematics and geometry having various applications including geographical information systems (GIS). In digital spaces, in grids, distances can be defined based on steps in paths in somewhat similarly as in graph theory. However, the grids have more definite structures, thus one may obtain more concrete results, for example, close formulae, than on arbitrary graphs. In this article, the weighted (also called chamfer) distances, and based on them, the distance transform are investigated on the regular triangular grid. Three types of neighborhood relations are used on the grid, and therefore, three weights are used to define a distance function. Natural conditions are used on the weights such as they are positive and a larger step (in the usual and also in the Euclidean sense) cannot have a smaller weight than a smaller one. Some properties of the weighted distances are discussed; for example, they are proven to be metrics. We also give algorithms and formulae that compute the weighted distance of any point pair on a triangular grid. Algorithm for weighted distance transform is provided based on wave‐front propagation. Therefore, these new distance functions are ready for further applications in GIS, in image processing tasks, in computer vision, in graphics, in networking, and also in other applied fields.
The D‐mannose/L‐galactose pathway plays a predominant role in ascorbate biosynthesis in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha but is not regulated by light and oxidative stress
Authors: Ishida Tetsuya , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Maruta Takanori , Ishikawa Takahiro 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYAscorbate plays an indispensable role in plants, functioning as both an antioxidant and a cellular redox buffer. It is widely acknowledged that the ascorbate biosynthesis in the photosynthetic tissues of land plants is governed by light‐mediated regulation of the D‐mannose/L‐galactose (D‐Man/L‐Gal) pathway. At the core of this light‐dependent regulation lies the VTC2 gene, encoding the rate‐limiting enzyme GDP‐L‐Gal phosphorylase. The VTC2 expression is regulated by signals via the photosynthetic electron transport system. In this study, we directed our attention to the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, representing one of the basal land plants, enabling us to conduct an in‐depth analysis of its ascorbate biosynthesis. The M. polymorpha genome harbors a solitary gene for each enzyme involved in the D‐Man/L‐Gal pathway, including VTC2, along with three lactonase orthologs, which may be involved in the alternative ascorbate biosynthesis pathway. Through supplementation experiments with potential precursors, we observed that only L‐Gal exhibited effectiveness in ascorbate biosynthesis. Furthermore, the generation of VTC2‐deficient mutants through genome editing unveiled the inability of thallus regeneration in the absence of L‐Gal supplementation, thereby revealing the importance of the D‐Man/L‐Gal pathway in ascorbate biosynthesis within M. polymorpha. Interestingly, gene expression analyses unveiled a distinct characteristic of M. polymorpha, where none of the genes associated with the D‐Man/L‐Gal pathway, including VTC2, showed upregulation in response to light, unlike other known land plants. This study sheds light on the exceptional nature of M. polymorpha as a land plant that has evolved distinctive mechanisms concerning ascorbate biosynthesis and its regulation.
Probing the in situ volumes of Arabidopsis leaf plastids using three‐dimensional confocal and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Knoblauch Jan , Waadt Rainer , Cousins Asaph B. , Kunz Hans‐Henning 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYLeaf plastids harbor a plethora of biochemical reactions including photosynthesis, one of the most important metabolic pathways on Earth. Scientists are eager to unveil the physiological processes within the organelle but also their interconnection with the rest of the plant cell. An increasingly important feature of this venture is to use experimental data in the design of metabolic models. A remaining obstacle has been the limited in situ volume information of plastids and other cell organelles. To fill this gap for chloroplasts, we established three microscopy protocols delivering in situ volumes based on: (i) chlorophyll fluorescence emerging from the thylakoid membrane, (ii) a CFP marker embedded in the envelope, and (iii) calculations from serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM). The obtained data were corroborated by comparing wild‐type data with two mutant lines affected in the plastid division machinery known to produce small and large mesophyll chloroplasts, respectively. Furthermore, we also determined the volume of the much smaller guard cell plastids. Interestingly, their volume is not governed by the same components of the division machinery which defines mesophyll plastid size. Based on our three approaches, the average volume of a mature Col‐0 wild‐type mesophyll chloroplasts is 93 μm3. Wild‐type guard cell plastids are approximately 18 μm3. Lastly, our comparative analysis shows that the chlorophyll fluorescence analysis can accurately determine chloroplast volumes, providing an important tool to research groups without access to transgenic marker lines expressing genetically encoded fluorescence proteins or costly SBFSEM equipment.
KATP channel activity and slow oscillations in pancreatic beta cells are regulated by mitochondrial ATP production
Authors: Corradi Jeremías , Thompson Benjamin , Fletcher Patrick A. , Bertram Richard , Sherman Arthur S. , Satin Leslie S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPancreatic beta cells secrete insulin in response to plasma glucose. The ATP‐sensitive potassium channel (KATP) links glucose metabolism to islet electrical activity in these cells by responding to increased cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP]. It was recently proposed that pyruvate kinase (PK) in close proximity to beta cell KATP locally produces the ATP that inhibits KATP activity. This proposal was largely based on the observation that applying phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and ADP to the cytoplasmic side of excised inside‐out patches inhibited KATP. To test the relative contributions of local vs. mitochondrial ATP production, we recorded KATP activity using mouse beta cells and INS‐1 832/13 cells. In contrast to prior reports, we could not replicate inhibition of KATP activity by PEP + ADP. However, when the pH of the PEP solutions was not corrected for the addition of PEP, strong channel inhibition was observed as a result of the well‐known action of protons to inhibit KATP. In cell‐attached recordings, perifusing either a PK activator or an inhibitor had little or no effect on KATP channel closure by glucose, further suggesting that PK is not an important regulator of KATP. In contrast, addition of mitochondrial inhibitors robustly increased KATP activity. Finally, by measuring the [ATP]/[ADP] responses to imposed calcium oscillations in mouse beta cells, we found that oxidative phosphorylation could raise [ATP]/[ADP] even when ADP was at its nadir during the burst silent phase, in agreement with our mathematical model. These results indicate that ATP produced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the primary controller of KATP in pancreatic beta cells.
imageKey points
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) plus adenosine diphosphate does not inhibit KATP activity in excised patches. PEP solutions only inhibit KATP activity if the pH is unbalanced.
Modulating pyruvate kinase has minimal effects on KATP activity.
Mitochondrial inhibition, in contrast, robustly potentiates KATP activity in cell‐attached patches.
Although the ADP level falls during the silent phase of calcium oscillations, mitochondria can still produce enough ATP via oxidative phosphorylation to close KATP.
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is therefore the main source of the ATP that inhibits the KATP activity of pancreatic beta cells.
Enhanced motor learning and motor savings after acute intermittent hypoxia are associated with a reduction in metabolic cost
Authors: Bogard Alysha T. , Hemmerle Makenna R. , Smith Andrew C. , Tan Andrew Q. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBreathing mild bouts of low oxygen air (i.e. acute intermittent hypoxia, AIH) has been shown to improve locomotor function in humans after a spinal cord injury. How AIH‐induced gains in motor performance are achieved remains unclear. We examined the hypothesis that AIH augments motor learning and motor retention during a locomotor adaptation task. We further hypothesized that gains in motor learning and retention will be associated with reductions in net metabolic power, consistent with the acquisition of energetically favourable mechanics. Thirty healthy individuals were randomly allocated into either a control group or an AIH group. We utilized a split‐belt treadmill to characterize adaptations to an unexpected belt speed perturbation of equal magnitude during an initial exposure and a second exposure. Adaptation was characterized by changes in spatiotemporal step asymmetry, anterior–posterior force asymmetry, and net metabolic power. While both groups adapted by reducing spatial asymmetry, only the AIH group achieved significant reductions in double support time asymmetry and propulsive force asymmetry during both the initial and the second exposures to the belt speed perturbation. Net metabolic power was also significantly lower in the AIH group, with significant reductions from the initial perturbation exposure to the second. These results provide the first evidence that AIH mediates improvements in both motor learning and retention. Further, our results suggest that reductions in net metabolic power continue to be optimized upon subsequent learning and are driven by more energetically favourable temporal coordination strategies. Our observation that AIH facilitates motor learning and retention can be leveraged to design rehabilitation interventions that promote functional recovery.
imageKey points
Brief exposures to low oxygen air, known as acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), improves locomotor function in humans after a spinal cord injury, but it remains unclear how gains in motor performance are achieved.
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that AIH induces enhancements in motor learning and retention by quantifying changes in interlimb coordination, anterior–posterior force symmetry and metabolic cost during a locomotor adaptation task.
We show the first evidence that AIH improves both motor learning and savings of newly learned temporal interlimb coordination strategies and force asymmetry compared to untreated individuals.
We further demonstrate that AIH elicits greater reductions in metabolic cost during motor learning that continues to be optimized upon subsequent learning.
Our findings suggest that AIH‐induced gains in locomotor performance are facilitated by enhancements in motor learning and retention of more energetically favourable coordination strategies.
Explainability of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melt Pool Classification Using Deep Learning
Authors: Sato Matthew M. , Wong Vivian Wen Hui , Law Kincho H. , Yeung Ho , Witherell Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has shown enormous potential for metal additive manufacturing in recent years. However, the relationship between the LPBF process parameters and part quality is not yet fully understood. Some LPBF machines now use cameras to monitor melt pools during manufacturing. Machine learning techniques have been proposed to analyze the melt pool data and to evaluate the quality of the manufacturing process. However, these machine learning techniques often appear as a black box and the underlying decisions made by the machine learning models are unknown. This paper proposes a neural network to classify the melt pool shapes using melt pool images and process parameters as model inputs. With both process parameters and the melt pool image being included, an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) approach is developed to interpret the neural network and understand the relationships between the melt pool shape and the process parameters. Specifically, layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) is used to reveal the relevance of process parameters in the neural network’s decision-making. Using LRP, relationships between the process parameters and melt pool shapes are revealed without explicit knowledge of the underlying physics. These relationships can potentially be used to adjust the process parameters and improve the quality of LPBF manufactured parts. This paper demonstrates how neural networks and XAI can effectively identify relationships between process parameters and LPBF melt pools.
Dated: Guidelines for Creating Synthetic Datasets for Engineering Design Applications
Authors: Picard Cyril , Schiffmann Jürg , Ahmed Faez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Exploiting the recent advancements in artificial intelligence, showcased by ChatGPT and DALL-E, in real-world applications necessitates vast, domain-specific, and publicly accessible datasets. Unfortunately, the scarcity of such datasets poses a significant challenge for researchers aiming to apply these breakthroughs in engineering design. Synthetic datasets emerge as a viable alternative. However, practitioners are often uncertain about generating high-quality datasets that accurately represent real-world data and are suitable for the intended downstream applications. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by proposing comprehensive guidelines for generating, annotating, and validating synthetic datasets. The trade-offs and methods associated with each of these aspects are elaborated upon. Further, the practical implications of these guidelines are illustrated through the creation of a turbo-compressors dataset. The study underscores the importance of thoughtful sampling methods to ensure the appropriate size, diversity, utility, and realism of a dataset. It also highlights that design diversity does not equate to performance diversity or realism. By employing test sets that represent uniform, real, or task-specific samples, the influence of sample size and sampling strategy is scrutinized. Overall, this paper offers valuable insights for researchers intending to create and publish synthetic datasets for engineering design, thereby paving the way for more effective applications of AI advancements in the field. The code and data for the dataset and methods are made publicly accessible at https://github.com/cyrilpic/radcomp.