bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back to the future
Authors: Barrow John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The simplicity of the phrase ‘the limits of science’ is deceptive. We are familiar with the limitations of scientists; we are familiar with partial theories about how things work; and we are familiar with theories that are simply wrong. In each case, what might at first be casually referred to as a limit of science is really nothing of the sort. Perhaps, after all, there are no true limits to science at all. Perhaps all boundaries are illusory, whether erected by ourselves through our lack of information about the nature of things, or by the choice of an oversimplified (or even an over-complicated) model of reality? This is an issue that must be taken seriously. All our attempts to describe the workings of Nature and to predict or control future events are based upon a scientific method that builds up a ‘model’ of how some aspect of Nature operates. The more observations we make, the more completely and accurately this representation of Nature can be checked and extended. Our models of Nature are invariably mathematical in character. This is not as narrow as it first sounds. Although the outsider sees mathematics as a coldly analytical way of looking at the world, it is something deeper than this: something that is closely linked to other human pictures of the world. At root, mathematics is the name we give to the collection of all possible patterns and interrelationships. Some of those patterns are between shapes, others are in sequences of numbers, while others are more abstract relationships between structures. The essence of mathematics lies in the relationships between quantities and qualities. Thus it is the relationships between numbers, not the numbers themselves, that form the focus of interest for modern mathematicians.
Being human
Authors: Barrow John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Are there limits on our ability to understand the Universe which are imposed by the nature of our minds? This sounds like a serious possibility. Human minds have histories-long and tortuous histories. Like all other human organs they have made their way from the past to the present by an erratic path of trial and error. Small random variations have been sifted by their ability to aid survival and fecundity. All our present abilities are inheritances from the past. If, as we believe, they cannot be pre-programmed for purposes in the far distant future, then they are likely to be far from optimal when used in our future quest to understand the Universe.
Deep limits
Authors: Barrow John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any talk of limits to science will alarm many people and comfort others. There are some who would equate the very idea of limits to scientific knowledge with a violation of our freedom of thought and action. Limits of cost are one thing, but absolute limits are surely something completely different. Show me one of those and I’ll jump over it, tunnel under it, or simply skirt round it. Yet, the more we try to grasp what science is, and how it relates to the activity of human minds, the more we are drawn towards the possibility that limits might be deeply rooted in the nature of things. They might even define the nature of things. Maybe this should not surprise us: science exists only because some things are impossible.
Limits are slippery things. If we were to arrive at a definition of ‘science’ or of ‘knowledge’, then at once we would have circumscribed what we are going to consider as scientifically knowable. We have established a limit. We might worry that this dilemma afflicts any system of rules and regulations that we care to follow. In some sense it does. If you set up a system of rules of reasoning, then you are by definition placing limitations on what you will count as being true. It should come as no surprise that there are limits to what can be deduced or excluded by any system of rules. Keep only rabbits in your garden and you should not be surprised if rabbits, and only rabbits, result.
Impossibility and us
Authors: Barrow John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Godel’s monumental demonstration that systems of mathematics have limits gradually infiltrated the way in which philosophers and scientists viewed the world and our quest to understand it. Superficially, it appears that all human investigations of the Universe must be limited. Science is based on mathematics; mathematics cannot discover all truths; therefore science cannot discover all truths. This was how the argument went. Commentators with some religious apologetic in mind seized upon the limit to the power of human reason that Godel implied. One of Godel’s contemporaries, and a student of Hilbert’s, Hermann Weyl, described Godel’s discovery as exercising a ‘constant drain on the enthusiasm’ with which he pursued his scientific research. He believed that this underlying pessimism, so different from the rallying cry with which Hilbert had issued to mathematicians in 1900, was shared ‘by other mathematicians who are not indifferent to what their scientific endeavours mean in the context of man’s whole caring and knowing, suffering and creative existence in the world’. In more recent times, a frequent writer on theology and science, Stanley Jaki, believes that Godel prevents us from gaining an understanding of the cosmos as a necessary truth,
Impossibility: taking stock
Authors: Barrow John P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that some things may be unachievable or unimaginable tends to produce an explosion of knee-jerk reactions amongst scientific (and not so scientific) commentators. Some see it as an affront to the spirit of human inquiry: raising the white flag to the forces of ignorance. Others fear that talk of the impossible plays into the hands of the anti-scientists, airing doubts that should be left unsaid lest they undermine the public perception of science as a never-ending success story. Finally, there are those who seize upon any talk of impossibility as an endorsement of their scepticism about unbridled technological progress, tramping roughshod over the environment and human dignity: the unstoppable in pursuit of the unsustainable.
Apophaticism, Liturgy, And Theology
Authors: Beeck Frans Jozef van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a profound and perceptive article, later incorporated into a fine little book, Louis Dupre gave us much to think about. He raised an issue that any liturgical theologian must face sooner or later: the correlation of silence and speech in the language of worship, and hence, in the language of theology. He writes: Those who enjoy the closest familiarity with God are most reluctant to be looselipped about him. But sooner or later the question arises: How can we continue to use words at that point? Is silence the end? Is a purely negative theology itself not a “creaturely” approach to God? Should it not, at some point, abandon also its own creaturely reservations and in the absence of words of its own listen to the Word that God himself has spoken? ... should we not say that in God’s silence I hear the Word, in his darkness I see the Light, in his rest I enjoy his active Love? In an article written by such a quintessentially Catholic philosopher of religion as Dupre, this is an unexpected thing to find.
Lex Credendi, Lex Canendi:Noting The Faith Of The Church
Authors: Westerfield Tucker Karen B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Christians have always offered God sung praise and thanksgiving in imitation of the angelic choir (Luke 2:13-14) and of Jesus’ own practice (Mark 14:26; Matt. 26:30 ). New Testament and noncanonical hymns testify to the growing repertoire of Christian song by human composition even in the apostolic period. Though the principal venue for Christian singing initially may have been the communal agape rather than the eucharist or the daily office, by the fourth century the singing of “psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs” (Eph. 5:18-20; Col. 3:16- r 7) had been thoroughly woven into the fabric of liturgy and devotion, both public and private, as a means of “stirring the soul with piety” and “inflaming the affection of divine love.”
Praising God As Interpreter And Critic Of History
Authors: Ritschl Dietrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the years, I have followed, with great sympathy and in basic agreement, Geoffrey Wainwright’s writings on the preeminence of doxology-beginning with his splendid systematic theology, Doxology. On a smaller scale, I have entertained similar thoughts on the distinction between descriptive and ascriptive language, on the lex credendi, lex orandi principle, and on the nature and task of theology from the perspective of worship.
Sacrament, Sign, And Unity:An Australian Reflection
Authors: Young Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This personal reflection is a tribute to Geoffrey Wainwright-scholar, ecumenist, and minister of the Gospel. I write as a long-standing friend and colleague, and also as a representative of the Australian churches, in gratitude for his valued contribution made to us on two occasions: as F. J. Cato Lecturer at the Uniting Church Assembly in 1985, and as visiting professor at the United Faculty of Theology in Melbourne in 1991.
I begin with a reference to our mutual mentor and friend, Raymond George, who preceded us both as a member of the World Methodist/Roman Catholic international dialogue. At one of the dialogue sessions he presented a paper entitled Sign and Sacrament (which, so far as I know, remains unpublished), on which my own thinking about sacrament has depended ever since. I also remember his saying on one occasion that when reflecting on matters profound, “Go back to the beginning, and don’t be afraid of using plain language.” I hope to follow that wise counsel in what follows.
KOl VffiVta, Ot KOUµEVll, And Eucharist In Ecumenical Conversations
Authors: Power David N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the foundation of ecclesial communion, the declaration points to the “real relationships existing within the Godhead, Father, Son and Holy Spirit,” which “are reflected within the ordered life of creation and, still more clearly revealed to the life of faith, in the pattern they establish and make possible for the community life of God’s people” (49). This is not yet a statement that the life of Christians in itself shares in the trinitarian relations, but this possibility is mentioned in the next paragraph, where it is said of John 1:1-13 that it “dares to suggest that the life of the Christian community is a reflection of the life of the Godhead.” Hence the fellowship or communal life that Christians share together has not only its horizontal dimension, but also a vertical dimension: “their sharing in the life of the Father and his Son Jesus Christ” (50). While considerable agreement is established on matters of doctrine, and on the nature of the Church and the components of its worship, this Methodist/Roman Catholic document makes it clear that whatever communion exists, it is not yet the “full communion” toward which Christian Churches are obliged to work together, in the very name of the mission given by God through the Son and the
Contextuality And Catholicity:Taward a Theology of Mediated Otherness
Authors: Clutterbuck Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sunday morning worship in the Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga, a Church in the Methodist tradition, is a complex mixture of local and imported custom and culture. True, there are many features that locate the event firmly in Polynesia. There will be a drum (or empty gas cylinder) struck to call worshipers to church. Most will wear around the waist a ta’ovala, a woven mat, to signal respect. All will remove their footwear before entering. Mats and ta1)a cloth in the sanctuary area are traditional symbols of sacred and protected space. Singing will be enthusiastic and competent, and the sermon will harness traditional Tongan rhetoric; the Tongan language has, perhaps, survived so well through its use in such services. Nevertheless, most elements of the service itself will have originated far away from Polynesia. When the service takes the form of Morning Prayer, congregations of Pacific Islanders find themselves sharing in, and continuing to reshape, a liturgy that transmits a whole strand of Christian tradition. The order of service, printed with the liturgical material at the back of the Tongan Methodist Hymn Book, is a translation into Tongan based on John Wesley’s abridgement of the Book of Com• mon Prayer. Worshipers are thus immediately in relation to a Christian tradition developed in England and to the particular cultural, political, and theological factors that shaped it.
Infallibility And The Question Of Assurance
Authors: Tavard George H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some of the recent bilateral ecumenical dialogues have examined the funda- mental doctrines of the Reformation (often called its “formal and material principles”)-namely, “Scripture alone” and “justification by faith alone.” The conclusion has generally been reached that these are no longer essential points of divergence between Catholics and Protestants. In regard to the differences that have emerged since the Reformation-the Marian dogmas and the definition of papal infallibility-the difficulties, though they are far from removed, have been significantly narrowed. It seems, however, that a doctrine that was shared by a number of the Reformers (though not necessarily the most influential ones) has not been a topic of discussion. This is “the assurance of faith,” which the Council of Trent referred to as “the heretics’ vain trust.”
Christ and culture revisited:niebuhr’s typology in wainwright’s “orthodoxology”
Authors: Cathey Robert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Geoffrey Wainwright uses H. Richard Niebuhr’s influential typology from Christ and Culture in at least two of his works: Doxology and The Study of Spirituality. At the time these works were published in the 1980s, this use probably raised only a few eyebrows among Wainwright’s readers. In 1983, when I first read Doxology and when I was doing some background editorial work for SPCK on The Study of Spirituality, the use seemed to me a creative appropriation of a typology about culture to talk about religion and the religions. At least Wainwright had found one more Reformed theologian he could agree with; as a Presbyterian, I felt I should be thankful for that!
In Doxology, Wainwright makes two uses of the Christ and Culture typology: one to show the varieties of Christianity’s relationships to the world’s religions, and the other to show the relations of Christian liturgy to culture. In the first case, his use of the typology follows Niebuhr so closely that Wainwright may be open to the neo-Anabaptist charge of appropriating a flawed typological approach and a flawed typology.
Die Ewigkeit Des Ewigen Lebens
Authors: Jungel Eberhard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ind em Gott als Yater in besonderer Weise sich selber Herkunft, als Sohn in besonderer Weise sich selber Gegenwart und als Geist in besonderer Weise sich selber Zukunft ist und sich in dieser trinitarischen Unterschiedenheit intensive aufeinander bezieht, ist Ewigkeit die Konzentration von Herkunft, Gegenwart und Zukunft und so simul tota possessio temporumFur dieses Yerstandnis der Ewigkeit als simul tota possessio temporum ist entscheidend, daB die Differenz von Herkunft, Gegenwart und Zukunft nicht verloren geht. Sie ermoglicht allererst das Auseinandertreten der Ewigkeit in das for die Schopfung kennzeichnende N acheinander von Yergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft.
Anglican-Methodist Relations:Signs of Hope
Authors: Tanner Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the failures in Anglican-Methodist relations in the 1970s and early 1980s, the decade since the 1988 Lambeth Conference has seen significant achievements in relations between these two Churches. The work of the first Inter, national Commission published its report, Sharing in the Apostolic Communion, in r 996. Anglicans and Methodists have come closer together in southern Africa as a result of the work of the Church Unity Commission. In the United States, both Churches are involved in the Consultation on Church Union (COCU) and in Scotland they are partners in the Scottish Churches’ Initiative for Church Unity (SCIFU). In England and Ireland there are bilateral conversations, and in Wales both Churches are involved in proposals for the establishment of an ecumenical bishop in Wales. Geoffrey Wainwright has contributed much to the new stage reached in Anglican-Methodist relations and to the promise that lies ahead for the early years of the next millennium. He has done so through his scholarly writings, his contribution as one of the major drafters of Baptism, Eucharist and Min, istry, his membership of the Roman Catholic--Mcthodist dialogue, and, certainly not least of all, his membership in the Anglican-Methodist International Com, mission. This essay is written in recognition of Geoffrey Wainwright’s outstand, ing contribution to ecumenical theology in general, to Anglican-Methodist relations in particular, and in gratitude for our friendship and shared work over many years.
Words, Deeds, and Words about Deeds
Authors: Moline Jon N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I was quietly thinking about this paper one evening, my wife, as she often does, read aloud a sentence from the book she was reading. It was attributed to George Eliot: “Blessed is the man who, having nothing to say, abstains from giving in words evidence of the fact.” Fortunately, she did not know that I was thinking about this paper and did not sense the momentary alarm I felt. The Eliot quotation expresses the writer’s beatitude that each of us naturally fears substantiating. The alarm was only momentary, however, because it quickly occurred to me that in moral philosophy Eliot’s saying is no beatitude. If it is possible to violate it, I hope to do so most egregiously in this paper.
Murder Among Friends
Authors: Belfiore Elizabeth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern scholars have followed Aristotle in noting the importance of philia (kinship or friendship) in Greek tragedy, especially the large number of plots in which kin harm or murder one another. More than half of the thirty-two extant tragedies focus on an act in which harm occurs or is about to occur among philoi who are blood kin. In contrast, Homeric epic tends to avoid the portrayal of harm to kin. It appears, then, that kin killing does not merely occur in what Aristotle calls the "best" Greek tragedies; rather, it is a characteristic of the genre as a whole. In Murder Among Friends, Elizabeth Belfiore supports this thesis with an in-depth examination of the crucial role of philia in Greek tragedy. Drawing on a wealth of evidence, she compares tragedy and epic, discusses the role of philia relationships within Greek literature and society, and analyses in detail the pattern of violation of philia in five plays: Aeschylus' Suppliants, Sophocles' Philoctetes and Ajax, and Euripides' Iphigenia in Tauris and Andromache. Appendixes further document instances of violation of philia in all the extant tragedies as well as in the lost plays of the fifth and fourth centuries BC.
The Discovery of Dynamics
Authors: Barbour Julian B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first in a two volume series discussing the theories of Einstein, Newton and other ideas of late 19th and early 20th century physics as in-depth research and basis for Barbour's theory that time is an illusion. This first volume explains the history and philosophy that led to the development of classical dynamics by Newton, and then places Newtonian dynamics in the perspective of as yet unresolved questions relating to the basic concepts of space, time and motion. Most of the book is concerned with the preparatory work in astronomy and the mathematical study of terrestrial motions that made Newton's work possible, with the final sections analyzing Newton's own discoveries, his synthesis of a viable scheme of dynamics, and his introduction of the concept of universal gravitation.
Identity from Aristotle to Plotinus
Authors: Cary Phillip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aristotle is the first to give a wholly literal answer to the question of how the soul is related to the Forms, without recourse to myth or metaphor. The answer is daring and ingenious, yet breathtakingly simple: the soul is the Forms it knows. To add the appropriate qualifications: Aristotle says the soul in its fully actualized state of intellectual knowledge is identical to whatever intelligible Form it is presently contemplating. For the intellect, the rational part of the human soul, is potentially identical to all Forms and actually identical to any Form that it is actually thinking about.1 This identity theory of intellectual knowledge is adopted centuries later by Plotinus, the founder ofNeoplatonism, as a central element in his own explanation of the nature of intelligibility and the soul’s place in the universe. Thus an Aristotelian theory becomes an integral part of Plotinus’s inward turn, which is the earliest version of the inward turn and the progenitor of Augustine’s.
Problems of Christian Platonism
Authors: Cary Phillip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of inner self emerges in the course of Platonist inquiries into the nature of intelligibility that are complicated by the fact that they take place mostly within the Christian tradition. The complications are particularly intense in Augustine but hardly unique to him, for Augustine wrote at a time when Christianity and Platonism had been interacting for centuries. The Catholic Church of Augustine’s day had already put the results of some of those interactions firmly behind it, such as the Gnostic doctrine of the divinity of the soul. Other forms of Christian Platonism, such as the doctrine that embodiment is due to the Fall of the soul, were not decisively rejected until the middle of Augustine’s lifetime.1 Thus Augustine’s career is shaped not only by the Church’s rejection of some radical interpretations of the Platonic kinship between souls and eternity, but also by the fact that other interpretations were still open possibilities.
Change of Mind
Authors: Cary Phillip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A striking feature of the prehistory of the inward turn, as we have been following it so far in Augustine’s earliest writings, is that there is so little that distinguishes turning to the soul from turning to God. In the mature version of Augustine’s inward turn, there are two distinct movements, first “in” then “up.” In the second movement, the soul looks not at itself but above its mutable self to the immutable Truth. But this second movement is unnecessary if the highest part of the soul is immutable or if the immutable Truth is inseparably present in the soul. Hence at Cassiciacum, as in Plotinus, there is no sharp distinction between the soul turning into itself and the soul looking at God—for that, after all, is where God is. At Cassiciacum wisdom consists in “collecting oneself in oneself,” and directing one’s attention “to oneself and to God,” and one can speak of the wise man being “with himself” and “with God” as if these were equivalent or (more precisely) co-extensive terms-that is, as if whenever the mind is turned to itself it is necessarily turned to God, and vice versa.