bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracking Twitter: Utilizing machine learning and natural language processing tools for identifying coalition and causal narratives
Authors: Pattison Andrew , Cipolli William , Marichal Jose , Cherniakov Christopher 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) has provided policy scholars with a valuable method to gain empirical insight into the power of narratives in the policy process. However, a significant limitation of the NPF has been its ability to deploy this framework on large N datasets due to the labor‐intensive nature of collecting narrative data. In recent years, NPF scholars have turned to computational social science tools to address this challenge. This study builds upon this emerging body of literature and our previous work, which uses sentiment analysis, a natural language processing technique, to evaluate the use of the angel/devil shift across coalitions before and after a major policy change. We examined Tweets that included the terms “fracking” and “New York” before and after the introduction of a moratorium. While sentiment analysis allowed us to gain insight into the narrative structure of the fracking policy discourse space, the labor involved in hand‐coding Twitter users into neutral‐, pro‐, or anti‐fracking groups was onerous. This project aims to supplement our natural language processing method by employing supervised machine learning techniques to increase the universe of respondents. We hand‐coded 500 Twitter users into neutral‐, pro‐, or anti‐fracking groups and trained a much larger dataset using an extreme gradient boost algorithm to classify a broader corpus of Tweets. This enabled us to expand the number of Tweets used in the analyses. We then applied sentiment analysis on this newly classified larger dataset to reveal differences in the pro‐fracking and anti‐fracking advocacy coalitions. By using machine learning to classify pro and con Tweets, we gained the ability to achieve significantly greater insight into how these two subgroups employed different narrative and linguistic devices in their Twitter discussions about fracking.Related ArticlesMerry, Melissa K. 2022. “Trump's Tweets as Policy Narratives: Constructing the Immigration Issue via Social Media.” Politics & Policy 50(4): 752–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12487.Robles, Pedro, and Daniel J. Mallinson. 2023. “Catching Up with AI: Pushing toward a Cohesive Governance Framework.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 355–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12529.Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narratives on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39(3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.x.
Does money bring aspirations? Evidence from China
Authors: Yu Yue , Liu Chengkui , Wang Hao , Lin Xiaodan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on a mathematical model and empirical test, this paper explores the incentive of income for aspirations and its channels, forging links between theory and data. Results present evidence that income significantly inspires one's aspirations, and all conclusions still hold after overcoming the interference of potential endogenous issues. In terms of channels, the “aspirations window” (a set of similar perceivable individuals) and “bandwidth load” (the mental space to think, process problems, and come up with solutions) play the mediating role in the stimulation of money; that is, low incomes will make aspirations window narrower and bandwidth load heavier, which is a momentous force behind one's aspirations failure. This paper also enlightens income distribution and the construction of internal motivation mechanisms.
Research progress on intestinal tissue‐resident memory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Chen Ke , Gu Xin , Yang Shufan , Tao Rui , Fan Menglei , Bao Wenyang , Wang Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells are a recently discovered subpopulation of memory T cells that reside in non‐lymphoid tissues such as the intestine and skin and do not enter the bloodstream. The intestine encounters numerous pathogens daily. Intestinal mucosal immunity requires a balance between immune responses to pathogens and tolerance to food antigens and symbiotic microbiota. Therefore, intestinal TRM cells exhibit unique characteristics. In healthy intestines, TRM cells induce necessary inflammation to strengthen the intestinal barrier and inhibit bacterial translocation. During intestinal infections, TRM cells rapidly eliminate pathogens by proliferating, releasing cytokines, and recruiting other immune cells. Moreover, certain TRM cell subsets may have regulatory functions. The involvement of TRM cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly recognized as a critical factor. In IBD, the number of pro‐inflammatory TRM cells increases, whereas the number of regulatory subgroups decreases. Additionally, the classic markers, CD69 and CD103, are not ideal for intestinal TRM cells. Here, we review the phenotype, development, maintenance, and function of intestinal TRM cells, as well as the latest findings in the context of IBD. Further understanding of the function of intestinal TRM cells and distinguishing their subgroups is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to target these cells.
Role of bacteria and microbial metabolites in immune modulation during early life
Authors: Oldereid Tine Simensen , Jiang Xiaojun , Nordhus Kathrine Sivertsen , Ponzetta Andrea , Bjørnholt Jørgen Vildershøj , Björkström Niklas K. , Melum Espen , Rasmussen Henrik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHost–microbiome interplay from birth is essential for immune imprinting and tuning. Live gut microbes and microbial‐derived metabolites regulate the development and modulation of the immune system, but whether microbial metabolites solely are sufficient to induce immune maturation remains unclear. Sterile faecal filtrates (FFT) were generated from murine gut contents. Newborn germ‐free (GF) mice were treated twice daily with FFT (GF‐FFT) or saline (GF‐NaCl) from post‐natal day 5 until 4 weeks of age. A third group of GF neonates were conventionalized by the transfer of caecal microbiota with live gut microbes. Host immune compartments were comprehensively immunophenotyped and systemically analysed in all available immune‐related organs using flow cytometry. Oral FFT was associated with reduced survival among neonates (n = 7/19; 36.8% mortality), while saline treatment was well tolerated (n = 1/17, 5.9% mortality). Four‐week‐old FFT‐treated pups were comparable in body weight to GF‐NaCl, and the major B‐cell, conventional T‐cell and unconventional T‐cell subsets were unchanged from saline‐treated mice. Live bacteria administered during early life induced clear changes in proportions of B cells, T cells and T‐cell subsets in all mucosal tissues and secondary lymphoid organs compared to GF‐FFT, including restoration of intestinal natural killer T (NKT) cells with characteristics similar to conventional pups. Our findings show that oral administration of a FFT made of microbial metabolites, antigens and bacteriophages alone is insufficient to induce normal immune development elicited by the presence of live bacteria. Reduced survival during neonatal FFT treatment suggests a potential bioactive attribute of sterile faecal filtrates.
Maximum likelihood estimator for skew Brownian motion: The convergence rate
Authors: Lejay Antoine , Mazzonetto Sara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe give a thorough description of the asymptotic property of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the skewness parameter of a Skew Brownian Motion (SBM). Thanks to recent results on the Central Limit Theorem of the rate of convergence of estimators for the SBM, we prove a conjecture left open that the MLE has asymptotically a mixed normal distribution involving the local time with a rate of convergence of order . We also give a series expansion of the MLE and study the asymptotic behavior of the score and its derivatives, as well as their variation with the skewness parameter. In particular, we exhibit a specific behavior when the SBM is actually a Brownian motion, and quantify the explosion of the coefficients of the expansion when the skewness parameter is close to or 1.
Geopolitical risks and financial stress in emerging economies
Authors: NguyenHuu Tam , Örsal Deniz Karaman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigate the impacts of geopolitical risks (GPRs) on financial stress (FS) in major emerging economies from 1985 to 2019. Applying a recently developed panel quantile estimation method, we show that GPRs pose serious risks to the stability of the financial condition in emerging economies. Namely, when FS is already equal to or above average, GPRs intensify this instability to a remarkable degree. Nevertheless, GPRs do not ignite the stress when the financial situation is benign. In emerging economies, foreign exchange markets and, to a lesser extent, the banking industry and the debt market suffer more severe consequences of geopolitical tensions than the stock market. In contrast, advanced economies, represented by the Group of Seven (G7), have witnessed detrimental consequences of GPRs on their stock markets, but negligible effects on other parts of their financial systems.
Clinical presentation and short‐term outcomes of dogs ≥15 kg with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Authors: Spies Kate , Ogden Jessica , Sterman Allyson , Davidson Jackie , Scharf Valery , Reyes Bianca , Luther Jill Kristine , Martin Libby , Kudej Raymond , Stockman Tiffany , Gallaher Hayley Maloof‐Jones , Buote Nicole J. , Smith Meghan , Ciepluch Brittany , Amore Riley , Sherman Alec H. , Wallace Mandy L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe demographics, clinical presentation, shunt anatomy, clinical progression, and complications in large dogs ≥15 kg with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) treated with or without surgery.Study DesignMulticenter retrospective (10 university hospitals, one private referral institution).AnimalsDogs ≥15 kg (n = 63).MethodsMedical records of dogs ≥15 kg diagnosed with EHPSS between January 01, 2005 and December 31, 2020 were reviewed. Dogs had a minimum follow‐up of 90 days. Signalment, clinical signs, diagnostics, shunt anatomy, treatment interventions, and perioperative complications were assessed.ResultsMedian age was 21.9 months (IQR: 9–36.8). The breed most represented was the Golden retriever (17/63 dogs). Portocaval (17/63) and splenocaval (15/63) shunt configurations were most common. Portal vein hypoplasia was noted in 18 imaging reports. Of the surgically treated dogs, 14/45 (35.6%) had short‐term complications, and 3/45 (6.7%) had shunt‐related deaths. Medical management was discontinued in 15/40 and reduced in 9/40 of surviving dogs who had surgical attenuation. All medically managed, nonattenuated dogs (18/18) were maintained on their original shunt‐related medication regimens.ConclusionsClinical presentation of dogs ≥15 kg with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts was similar to the more commonly reported small breed dogs. Surgical management of single EHPSS in large dogs ≥15 kg had similar clinical short‐term outcomes as small breed dogs.Clinical SignificanceClinicians should be aware that large breed dogs with EHPSS share similar characteristics and clinical outcomes to small breed dogs. The significance of the presence of a hypoplastic portal vein warrants further research. Surgical treatment is a viable option for large breed dogs with EHPSS.
Development and characterization of islet‐derived mesenchymal stem cells from clinical grade neonatal porcine cryopreserved islets
Authors: Kikuchi Takeshi , Nishimura Masuhiro , Komori Natsuki , Iizuka Naho , Otoi Takeshige , Matsumoto Shinichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPorcine tissues display a great potential as donor tissues in xenotransplantation, including cell therapy. Cryopreserving clinical grade porcine tissue and using it as a source for establishing therapeutic cells should be advantageous for transportation and scheduled manufacturing of MSCs. Of note, we previously performed encapsulated porcine islet transplantation for the treatment of unstable type 1 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting. It has been reported that co‐transplantation of islets and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhanced efficacy. We assume that co‐transplantation of porcine islets and porcine islet‐derived MSCs could improve the efficacy of clinical islet xenotransplantation.MethodsMSCs were established from fresh and cryopreserved non‐clinical grade neonatal porcine islets and bone marrow (termed non‐clinical grade npISLET‐MSCs and npBM‐MSCs, respectively), as well as from cryopreserved clinical grade neonatal porcine islets (termed clinical grade npISLET‐MSCs). Subsequently, the cell proliferation rate and diameter, surface marker expression, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and colony‐forming efficiency of the MSCs were assessed.ResultsCell proliferation rate and diameter did not differ between clinical grade and non‐clinical grade npISLET‐MSCs. However, non‐clinical grade npBM‐MSCs were significantly shorter and smaller than both npISLET‐MSCs (p < 0.05). MSC markers (CD29, CD44, and CD90) were strongly expressed in clinical grade npISLET‐MSCs and non‐clinical grade npISLET‐MSCs and npBM‐MSCs. The expression of MSC‐negative markers CD31, CD34, and SLA‐DR was low in all MSCs. Clinical grade npISLET‐MSCs derived from adipose and osteoid tissues were positive for Oil Red and alkaline phosphatase staining. The results of colony‐forming assay were not significantly different between clinical grade npISLET‐MSCs and non‐clinical grade npBM‐MSCs.ConclusionThe method described herein was successful in of developing clinical grade npISLET‐MSCs from cryopreserved islets. Cryopreserved clinical grade porcine islets could be an excellent stable source of MSCs for cell therapy.
Experimental Investigation on Microsecond Pulsed Plasma Supported Biogas Combustion
Authors: Ghabi Ahlem , Boushaki Toufik , Bocanegra Pablo Escot , Robert Eric 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper evaluates the effect of a microsecond pulsed plasma (MPP) on the stabilization and emission characteristics of non-premixed biogas/air flames with various CO2 contents. The MPP is generated by a unique DC-pulsed power generator providing high voltage (HV) pulses over a wide range of pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs). The burner configuration is made up of two concentric tubes in which a swirler is placed inside the annular part, ensuring the oxidizer's rotation. The central tube delivers the fuel through an injector placed close to the burner exit. Electrical diagnostics, including voltage, were performed. OH* chemiluminescence measurements were done to describe the structure and stability of the flame. Results showed that plasma generated by microsecond HV pulses can improve flame stability. In this regard, the distribution of key active species in the burner was studied via optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The results revealed that the pulsed plasma generates chemically active species such as excited N2*, CH*, OH* molecules, and H* and O* atoms, thereby improving flame stability. The dependence of the emitted species intensities on plasma parameters was investigated in detail. It is demonstrated that MPP can drastically enhance the dynamic flame stability of swirling non-premixed biogas flames, especially at lean operating conditions. In addition, NOx and CO emissions were studied over a wide range of pulse repetition frequencies. It is seen that the pulsed plasma increases NOx emission slightly and significantly reduces CO concentration in the flue gases.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Superheated Liquid Fuel Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of Lean Premixed Flames
Authors: Izadi Saeed , Zanger Jan , Baggio Martina , Seliger-Ost Hannah , Kutne Peter , Aigner Manfred 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The effect of superheated liquid fuel injection on the performance and emissions of a single nozzle combustor was investigated. Combustion of the lean premixed flames was achieved using a combination of jet and swirl as a stabilization method. In a nonreactive setup, the optimum transition temperature of Jet A-1 fuel from liquid to superheated vaporized state was analyzed. In a subsequent reactive setup, a series of tests were conducted with the liquid fuel at low and elevated temperatures. The experiments were conducted at ambient pressure and various air and fuel preheat temperatures, axial swirlers, thermal powers, adiabatic flame temperatures, and flame tube diameters. Concentrations of nitric oxide (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the flue gas were measured. The operating conditions were systematically selected according to the design of experiments (DOE) method. The results showed that the adiabatic flame temperature caused the most significant change in combustion emissions and the position and shape of the reaction zone, while the superheated fuel injection had only a minor effect because the liquid fuel droplets were largely vaporized before entering the reaction zone through the integration of a swirler and a prefilmer. The use of the axial swirler and prefilmer allowed the combustor to operate in both spray and fully vaporized fuel conditions. As a result, very low emission concentrations of NOx (≈5 ppm) and CO (≈6 ppm) were achieved. The median flame length and height above the burner of the characterized flames showed competitive values of 32 mm and 50 mm, respectively. Lean blowout limits of less than 1500 K were achieved. Two different flame modes were observed during the experiments. By increasing the bulk velocity of the combustor, its hysteresis was resolved, resulting in stable and reliable flames with a wide low-NOx operating range.
Scaling of Lean Aeronautical Gas Turbine Combustors
Authors: Gövert Simon , Gruhlke Pascal , Behrendt Thomas , Janus Bertram 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A numerical procedure is presented for the scaling of lean aeronautical gas turbine combustors to different thrust classes. The procedure considers multiple operating points and aims for a self-similar flow field with respect to a reference configuration. The developed scaling approach relies on an optimization-based workflow which involves automated geometry and numerical grid generation, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations, and postprocessing of the reacting flow field. Kriging is applied as a metamodel to identify new sets of parameters for combustor geometry generation. A generic lean-burn high-pressure aeronautical combustor has been designed to serve as a first verification test case with reactive flow characteristics comparable to real combustion chambers. The burner geometry is parameterized by 23 free parameters which are altered within the scaling process. The definition of a suitable scaling function is essential for the success of the scaling approach. A scaling function based on pressure loss, axial location of heat release, pilot air split, and the temperature profile at the combustor exit is proposed. The developed procedure is tested and applied for the scaling of an internally-staged lean combustor to a lower thrust class considering multiple operating points simultaneously. In total, 65 different combustor variants have been evaluated by the scaling procedure. Simulations were performed for each of these configurations at takeoff, approach, and idle operating conditions. The final combustor configuration, scaled to a lower thrust class, shows good agreement to the reference configuration in terms of the scaling targets and reasonably resembles the emission indices. Integrating the scaling procedure into the design process of future combustion systems could reduce the required design iterations and thereby contribute to significantly reduced development times and costs.
Model Predictive Control Strategies for Turbine Electrified Energy Management
Authors: Hill Elyse D. , Amthor Aria E. , Soloway Donald I. , Simon Donald L. , Connolly Joseph W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The increasing electrification of aircraft propulsion systems is leading to new control architectures being developed to address integration between electric machines (EMs) and gas-based turbine engines. For hybrid-electric propulsion systems, current conceptual architectures often couple electric machines with the shafts of gas turbine engines and introduce energy storage. Leveraging the electrical power system of hybridized engines, turbine electrified energy management (TEEM) is a recent control approach that improves transient operability in an effort to enable more efficient and lighter weight turbomachinery. This study seeks to expand TEEM's application beyond traditional proportional-integral (PI) control by presenting linear model predictive control (MPC) schemes to execute the TEEM concept. Through constraint selection and cost function design, transient operability goals for TEEM are considered with no external logic or saturation. Unique to the designs are the use of a washout filter, which simplifies transient detection and motor activation logic. The proposed architectures are implemented with both centralized MPC (CMPC) and distributed MPC (DMPC) approaches, and comparisons are drawn to a benchmark PI controller simulated on a nonlinear turbofan engine model at one ground condition and one cruise condition. Performance is evaluated using compressor maps, stall margin performance, and two novel metrics: transient stack usage (TSU) and transient excursion integral (TEI). Results reveal that the linear MPC scheme performs comparably to the baseline controller and can be implemented in at least two distinct configurations with potential for further modifications, thus establishing the groundwork for future investigations.
Influence of Variable Swirl on Emissions in a Non-Premixed Fuel-Flexible Burner at Elevated Ambient Conditions
Authors: Pugh Daniel , Bowen Phil , Navaratne Rukshan , Goktepe Burak , Giles Anthony , Valera Medina Agustin , Morris Steven , Vivoli Robin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As alternative fuels are designated for future energy applications, flexible combustor designs require considerable development to ensure stable operation with reduced NOx emissions. A nonpremixed variable swirl burner was used to experimentally appraise changes in NO production pathways, with CH4 NH3 and H2 flames, alongside intermediate fuel blends. Maintaining an equivalent thermal power and flame temperature between fuels, preheated reactants (500 K) were supplied to the burner, with parametric changes made to pressure (1–6 bara) and swirl number (0.8–2.0). NO production was characterized, alongside variations in flame structure and topology, with a correlation demonstrated for exhaust emissions. NO production was shown to be sensitive to combustor pressure, providing an expected increase for CH4 and H2 flames. Emission profiles from both NH3 and H2 flames are shown to be significantly augmented by a change in swirl number. As NH3 fractions were increased in the H2 blend, a decaying trend in NO emissions was observed with an increase in pressure, and as a function of mixture ratio. However, this behavior was markedly augmented by a change in swirl number and suggests that further reductions may be possible at increased pressure. At the low swirl/high pressure condition, the NH3/H2 blend outperformed pure H2, providing lower NO concentrations. Emissions data were normalized using the traditional dry/O2 correction, alongside mass scaled by thermal power, with a comparison provided. The corresponding differences in emission formation pathways were investigated, alongside high-speed OH* chemiluminescence to further elucidate findings.