bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dicer-Like Protein 4 and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 Are Involved in Tomato Torrado Virus Pathogenesis in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Wieczorek Przemysław , Burgyán József , Obrępalska-Stęplowska Aleksandra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) is a type member of the Torradovirus genus in the Secoviridae family known to cause severe necrosis in susceptible tomato varieties. ToTV also infects other Solanaceae plants, including Nicotiana benthamiana, where it induces distinctive disease symptoms: plant growth drop with the emergence of spoon-like malformed systemic leaves. Virus-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is significant among plant defense mechanisms activated upon virus invasion. The PTGS, however, can be counteracted by suppressors of RNA silencing commonly found in viruses, which efficiently disrupt the antiviral defense of their host. Here, we addressed the question of PTGS antiviral activity and its suppression in N. benthamiana during ToTV infection—a phenomenon not described for any representative from the Torradovirus genus so far. First, we showed that neither the Vp26—a necrosis-inducing pathogenicity determinant of ToTV—nor other structural viral proteins limited the locally induced PTGS similar to p19, a well-characterized potent suppressor of RNA silencing of tombusviruses. Moreover, by employing wild-type and transgenic lines of N. benthamiana with suppressed Dicer-like 2 (DCL2), Dicer-like 4 (DCL4), Argonaute 2 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) proteins, we proved their involvement in anti-ToTV defense. Additionally, we identified DCL4 as the major processor of ToTV-derived siRNA. More importantly, our results indicate the essential role of the Suppressor of Gene Silencing 3 (SGS3)/RDR6 pathway in anti-ToTV defense. Finally, we conclude that ToTV might not require a potent RNA silencing suppressor during infection of the model plant N. benthamiana.
Reproductive biology, elemental composition and diel vertical migration of the cosmopolitan warm-temperate pelagic tunicate Soestia zonaria
Authors: Lüskow Florian , Bahl Alexis A , Décima Moira , Steinberg Deborah K , Pakhomov Evgeny A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pelagic tunicates (appendicularians, doliolids, pyrosomes, salps) are cosmopolitan members of open-ocean food webs that serve as a link to the microbial loop and play a disproportional role in vertical carbon flux. Soestia zonaria is an oceanic salp species studied for more than a century, but little information exists on its ecology. Specimens of Soestia collected between 2008 and 2021 during four research expeditions (three to the Chatham Rise, New Zealand, and one to the Northeast Atlantic) using MOCNESS-1 net and large midwater trawl were analyzed for reproductive biology, stoichiometry and vertical distribution. Populations at the Chatham Rise sampled in early winter were more developed than in spring/early summer and dominated by small and medium-sized sexually reproducing blastozooids. Whole Soestia specimens had high organic content (mean ± SD = 32.8 ± 7.5%) and carbon-to-nitrogen values (6.8 ± 0.9) compared with other salp species, indicating a stronger dependency on carbon to meet its nutritional needs. Depth-stratified sampling showed that Soestia is primarily a low-amplitude diel vertical migrator occurring in the top 150 m of the water column, but also found at depths exceeding 500 m. Soestia is primarily an epipelagic salp species adapted to living in warm-temperate nutrient-depleted and more productive ocean regions.
Nutrient availability is the main driver of nanophytoplankton phago-mixotrophy in North American lake surface waters
Authors: Le Noac’h Philippe , Cremella Bruno , Kim Jihyeon , Soria-Píriz Sara , del Giorgio Paul A , Pollard Amina I , Huot Yannick , Beisner Beatrix E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
There has been limited research on the abiotic and biotic factors affecting the prevalence of phago-mixotrophy (prevMixo) among nanophytoplankton across freshwater ecosystems. In recent years, large-scale sampling campaigns like the EPA-National Lakes Assessment and the NSERC LakePulse survey have generated surface water community composition data for hundreds of lakes across North America, covering large environmental gradients. We present results from our analyses of the nanophytoplankton community data from these two surveys, focusing on a taxonomic comparison of the mixoplankton communities across ecoregions and multivariate analyses of the environmental drivers of the prevMixo. We identified potentially phago-mixotrophic taxa in the majority of sites and across all ecozones sampled. Lake trophic state was identified as the main predictor of nanophytoplankton resource-acquisition strategy assemblages, with lower prevalence and diversity of mixoplankton communities in more eutrophic lakes. Lake trophic state also controlled the composition of the mixoplankton community and increased total phosphorus levels were associated with a loss of mixoplankton diversity. This study represents the most comprehensive assessment of the prevMixo in lake nanophytoplankton communities to date spanning hundreds of sites and a dozen ecozones.
Hazlitt, Disinterestedness, and the Liberty of the Press
Authors: Michael Timothy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ranging across Hazlitt’s varied body of work—from his earliest philosophical treatise, An Essay on the Principles of Human Action (1805), to his last major work, The Life of Napoleon (1828–1830)—this essay traces some of the shared premises informing Hazlitt’s allied commitments to a particular epistemic and ethical ideal, disinterestedness, and to the liberty of the press. This essay argues that disinterestedness, as initially formulated in the Essay and then modified in his later work, is the ground of Hazlitt’s commitment to the freedom of speech, and that Hazlitt should be understood as a pivotal figure in the Romantic history of the liberty of the press. Hazlitt’s interest in the issue comes to a head in the controversy surrounding the publication of Southey’s Wat Tyler in 1817, an event which spurred Hazlitt to produce some of his sharpest writing on the subject and to return to and refine his earlier concepts of disinterestedness and the discontinuity of the self. With threats to the freedom of speech, across the political spectrum and around the globe, on the rise, Hazlitt’s work provides a valuable perspective of its importance, and its fragility, for liberal societies.
Knowledge and approach towards Helicobacter pylori diagnosis and management among primary care physicians in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tazinkeng Nkengeh , Monteiro Joao Filipe , Mbianyor Bill-Erich , Nowbuth Avis Anya , Ntonifor Monela , Evenge Claudia , Nkhoma Alick , Moss Steven F , Asombang Akwi W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Low- and middle-income countries have a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI). In Cameroon, the majority of HPIs are diagnosed and treated by primary care physicians (PCPs). We sought to assess the knowledge and practices of PCPs in the diagnosis and management of HPI in Cameroon.

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in four randomly selected regions of Cameroon from November 2021 to June 2022. In each of the selected regions, PCPs were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling and interviewed using a pre-structured questionnaire. Chi-squared, Fisher’s exact and Student's t-tests were performed for descriptive analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between knowledge and practice, with the model adjusted by age of the PCP, geographic region, number of patients and years in practice. Analysis was performed in SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).

Results
A total of 382 PCPs were included in the analysis. The majority (60.0%) were males between the ages of 20–29 y (64.1%). Most PCPs (80.9%) reported that HPI is the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease and 41.8% reported that HPI is the main cause of dyspeptic symptoms. The dominant diagnostic tests used for HPI were serology (52.8%) and stool antigen (30.9%). The most frequently used first-line therapies were amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MNZ) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) concomitant therapy (32.2%), AMX–CLA–PPI triple therapy (18.6%) and AMX–MNZ–PPI triple therapy (13.1%). Half of the practitioners (48.6%) treat HPI empirically, without positive H. pylori testing. About half of the PCPs (48%) do not request laboratory confirmation of H. pylori eradication following treatment.

Conclusions
There is inadequate knowledge and significant differences in the clinical approach towards HPI among PCPs in Cameroon. We recommend more teaching programs and continuous medical education on HPI.
Effect of Moderate and Radical Rules on High-Caste Behavior and Norms in India
Authors: Govindan Pavitra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Development and legal researchers hypothesize that a moderate law may be more effective than a radical one in changing behavior. This study tests this hypothesis in the context of discriminatory sharing norms practiced by high-caste individuals against low-caste individuals in India. The study employs a lab-in-the-field experiment in which it influences (a) high-caste participants’ social norms of sharing money with a low-caste participant and (b) introduces either a “moderate” or a “radical” rule, that is, a rule that is closer or further away from the social norm and requires high-caste participants to share a minimum amount of their money with the low-caste participant. Breaking the rule entails incurring a small fine. This study finds that the effectiveness of the moderate versus radical rule in changing behavior and norms depends on the status quo social norm. This paper provides causal empirical evidence on how social norms influence laws’ effectiveness in inducing behavioral and norm change.
An integrative taxonomic and phylogenetic approach reveals a new genus of Australasian Cycas-pollinating weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae)
Authors: Hsiao Yun , Oberprieler Rolf G 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cycas is the second-largest genus of cycads in Australia and the sole cycad genus in Papua New Guinea. In contrast to the other Australian cycads, which are mainly pollinated by weevils of the Tranes group of Molytinae, the Australian Cycas species are pollinated by tiny weevils belonging to the subfamily Cossoninae but representing an unnamed genus. This study evaluates the taxonomic status of these weevils by combining morphological examination with molecular phylogenetic analyses and species delineation based on mitochondrial DNA. The results reveal that the Cycas-pollinating weevils in Australia comprise only one species, here described as Zimmiodes australis gen. et sp. nov., with another species in Papua New Guinea, described as Zimmiodes papuanus sp. nov. The phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparison reveal that Zimmiodes belongs in the tribe Pentarthrini of Cossoninae and that the related Tychiodes group includes not only Tychiodes Wollaston, Tychiosoma Wollaston and Nanoplaxes Heller but also Tyrpetes Heller and is also assignable to Pentarthrini. The conspecificity of Zimmiodes weevils from all Australian Cycas species sampled suggests the likely taxonomic oversplitting of the Australian Cycas species and thus provides new insights into the taxonomy of the Australian cycads.
A novel fully human anti‐NT‐ANGPTL3 antibody from phage display library exhibits potent ApoB, TG, and LDL‐C lowering activities in hyperlipidemia mice
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Wang Ke , Hu Tuo , Xu Menglong , You Xiangyan , Chen Manman , Tang Xuan , Hu Huajing , Jiang Yiwei , Zhao Wenfeng , Tan Shuhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDyslipidemia is characterized by elevated plasma levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglycerides (TG), and TG‐rich lipoprotein (TGRLs) in circulation, and is closely associated with the incidence and development of cardiovascular disease. Angiopoietin‐like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) deficiency has been identified as a cause of familial combined hypolipidemia in humans, which allows it to be an important therapeutic target for reducing plasma lipids. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a novel fully human antibody F1519‐D95aA against N‐terminal ANGPTL3 (NT‐ANGPTL3), which potently inhibits NT‐ANGPTL3 with a KD as low as 9.21 nM. In hyperlipidemic mice, F1519‐D95aA shows higher apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and TG‐lowering, and similar LDL‐C reducing activity as compared to positive control Evinacumab (56.50% vs 26.01% decrease in serum ApoB levels, 30.84% vs 25.28% decrease in serum TG levels, 23.32% vs 22.52% decrease in serum LDLC levels, relative to vehicle group). Molecular docking and binding energy calculations reveal that the F1519‐D95aA‐ANGPTL3 complex (10 hydrogen bonds, −65.51 kcal/mol) is more stable than the Evinacumab‐ANGPTL3 complex (4 hydrogen bonds, −63.76 kcal/mol). Importantly, F1519‐D95aA binds to ANGPTL3 with different residues in ANGPTL3 from Evinacumab, suggesting that F1519‐D95aA may be useful for the treatment of patients resistant to Evinacumab. In conclusion, F1519‐D95aA is a novel fully human anti‐NT‐ANGPTL3 antibody with potent plasma ApoB, TG, and LDL‐C lowering activities, which can potentially serve as a therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and relevant cardiovascular diseases.
Successful treatment of refractory interstitial lung disease with cyclophosphamide and pirfenidone in a new onset of juvenile SLE: a case report
Authors: Ibrahim Raghad , Khalayli Naram , Ibrahim Rahaf , Fahda Tarek , Salman Bassel , Kudsi Maysoun 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and importance:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic immune disease, presented with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. The occurrence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) as the initial manifestation of SLE is very rare.

Case presentation:
The authors present the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with symptoms of fatigue, fever, oral ulcers, and dry cough with difficulty breathing. On physical examination, the patient had fever and oral ulcers, in addition of acute phase reactant analysis, positive ANA, and double-stranded DNA. Chest computed tomography images showed nonspecific interstitial pneumonia + organizing pneumonia pattern, leading to the diagnosis of onset of SLE with ILD. The patient was treated with steroids and azathioprine for 1 year, and the radiological and immunological resolution was noted. However, the patient continued to cough, have difficulty breathing, and was readmitted to the hospital due to SLE recurrence after 1 year of follow-up. Despite continued corticosteroid therapy and monthly administration of steroids and cyclophosphamide for 6 months, the patient’s respiratory symptoms and chest radiography results did not improve significantly. The patient was then prescribed a daily regimen of cyclophosphamide and pirfenidone, which was found to be effective in reducing the steroid dose and achieving remission after 1 year of follow-up.

Clinical discussion:
Treatment of connective tissue disease-associated ILD is difficult due to a lack of treatment data.

Conclusion:
This case provided evidence of the efficacy of combination therapy of pirfenidone and cyclophosphamide for refractory connective tissue disease-associated ILD in young children.
Screening of diagnostic biomarkers for ferroptosis-related osteoarthritis and construction of a risk-prognosis model
Authors: Yan Yiqun , He Junyan , Cheng Wendan 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent and commonly chronic joint disease that frequently develops among the elderly population. It is not just a single tissue that is affected, but rather a pathology involving the entire joint. Among them, synovitis is a key pathological change in OA. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death that results from the buildup of lipid peroxidation. However, the role and impact of it in OA are yet to be explored.

Objective:
The key to this work is to uncover the mechanisms of ferroptosis-related OA pathogenesis and develop more novel diagnostic biomarkers to facilitate the diagnostic and therapeutic of OA.

Materials and methods:
Download ferroptosis-related genes and OA synovial chip datasets separately from the FerrDB and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Identify ferroptosis differentially expressed genes using R software, obtain the intersection genes through two machine learning algorithms, and obtain diagnostic biomarkers after logistic regression analysis. Verify the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of specific genes for OA through the construction of clinical risk prognostic models using ROC curves and nomogram. Simultaneously, correlations between specific genes and OA immune cell infiltration co-expression were constructed. Finally, verify the differential presentation of specific genes in OA and health control synovium.

Results:
Obtain 38 ferroptosis differentially expressed genes through screening. Based on machine learning algorithms and logistic regression analysis, select AGPS, BRD4, RBMS1, and EGR1 as diagnostic biomarker genes. The diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of the four specific genes for OA has been validated by ROC curves and nomogram of clinical risk prognostic models. The analysis of immune cell infiltration and correlation suggests a close association between specific genes and OA immune cell infiltration. Further revealing the diagnostic value of specific genes for OA by the differential presentation analysis of their differential presentation in synovial tissue from OA and health control.

Conclusion:
This study identified four diagnostic biomarkers for OA that are associated with iron death. The establishment of a risk-prognostic model is conducive to the premature diagnosis of OA, evaluating functional recovery during rehabilitation, and guidance for subsequent treatment.
Granular solids transmit stress as two-phase composites
Authors: Blumenfeld Raphael 
Published: January 2024

A basic problem in the science of realistic granular matter is the plethora of heuristic models of the stress field in the absence of a first-principles theory. Such a theory is formulated here, based on the idea that static granular assemblies can be regarded as two-phase composites. A thought experiment is described, demonstrating that the state of such materials can be varied continuously from marginal stability, via a two-phase granular assembly, then porous structure, and finally be made perfectly elastic. For completeness, I review briefly the condition for marginal stability in infinitely large assemblies. The general solution for the stress equations in d=2 is reviewed in detail and shown to be consistent with the two-phase idea. A method for identifying the phases of finite regions in larger systems is constructed, providing a stability parameter that quantifies the “proximity” to the marginally stable state. The difficulty involved in deriving stress fields in such composites is a unique constraint on the boundary between phases, and, to highlight it, a simple case of a stack of plates of alternating phase is solved explicitly. An effective medium approximation, which satisfies this constraint, is then developed and analyzed in detail. This approach forms a basis for the extension of the stress theory to general granular solids that are not marginally stable or at the yield threshold.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Atmospheric corrosion acceleration effect on commercial aluminum alloys in current-carrying condition
Authors: Gao Yan , Li Qiubo , Wu Wei , Wang Qiwei , Su Yizhe , Zhang Junxi , Lin Deyuan , Xia Xiaojian 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of current-carrying condition on the electrochemical process and atmospheric corrosion behavior of the commercial aluminum alloys.

Design/methodology/approach
Potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed to study the electrochemical process of the aluminum alloys. Salt spray tests and weight loss tests were carried out to study the atmospheric corrosion behavior. The corrosion morphology of the alloys was observed, and the products were analyzed.

Findings
The corrosion process of four aluminum alloys was accelerated in the current-carrying condition. Moreover, the acceleration effect on A2024 and A7075 was much stronger than that on A1050 and A5052. The main factors would be the differences in microstructure and corrosion resistance between these alloys. As the carried current increased, the corrosion rate and corrosion current density of the aluminum alloys gradually increased, with the protection of the corrosion product film decreasing linearly.

Originality/value
This is a recent study on the corrosion behavior of conductors under current-carrying condition, which truly understands the corrosion status of power grid materials. Relevant results provide support for the corrosion protection and safe service of aluminum alloy in power systems.
The moderating role of face on value co-creation behavior and co-creation attitude in online health communities
Authors: Latif Muhammad Salman , Wang Jian-Jun 
Published: January 2024

PurposeGiven the progressive rise of online health communities (OHC) that have predominantly changed health delivery services, healthcare organizations still face tremendous challenges of low patient participation and lack of high-quality contribution to OHC. Prior scholars indicated that inducing patient value co-creation behavior (VCB) is substantially beneficial for the sustainable growth of OHCs. However, what drives patients' behavior to co-create value is still unknown. To fill this important gap, this study used the service-dominant logic of value co-creation theory and face (mianzi in Chinese) literature to discover how patient co-creation attitude (CA) affects patient VCB. Also, this study aimed to explore the joint mechanism of how face gain (FG) and face loss (FL) impact patients' VCB in OHCs.Design/methodology/approachThe survey data of 322 patients actively using OHC in China were analyzed via partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).FindingsThe results revealed that patient CA positively influences VCB, that is participation behavior (PB) and citizenship behavior (CB). Face gain (FG) strengthens the impact of CA and patient PB and CB, whereas face loss (FL) weakens the impact of CA and patient PB and CB. Furthermore, the fsQCA findings signify the robustness of the study model.Originality/valueThis study explores the multifaceted mechanism of patient value co-creation in OHC and discloses the crucial role of face for the first time. Further, the novel findings of this study provide a robust framework for advancing the understanding of important drivers of patient VCBs that significantly helps healthcare service providers and OHC managers to sustain OHCs.