bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread Occurrence and Diverse Origins of Polintoviruses Influence Lineage-specific Genome Dynamics in Stony Corals
Authors: Stephens Danae , Faghihi Zahra , Moniruzzaman Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStony corals (OrderScleractinia) are central to vital marine habitats known as coral reefs. Numerous stressors in the Anthropocene are contributing to the ongoing decline in coral reef health and coverage. While viruses are established modulators of marine microbial dynamics, their interactions within the coral holobiont and impact on coral health and physiology remain unclear. To address this key knowledge gap, we investigated diverse stony coral genomes for ‘endogenous’ viruses. Our study uncovered a remarkable number of integrated viral elements recognized as ‘Polintoviruses’ (ClassPolintoviricetes) in 30Scleractiniagenomes, with several species harboring hundreds to thousands of polintoviruses. We reveal massive paralogous expansion of polintoviruses in stony corals, alongside presence of integrated elements closely related to Polinton-like viruses (PLVs), a group of viruses that exist as free virions. These results suggest multiple integrations of polintoviruses and PLV-relatives, followed by their paralogous expansions shaped stony coral genomes. Gene expression analysis reveals all polintovirus structural and non-structural hallmark genes are expressed, strongly supporting free virion production from polintoviruses. Our results revealing a significant polintovirus diversity across theScleractiniaorder open a new research avenue into their possible roles in disease, genomic plasticity, and environmental adaptation in this key group of organisms.
Radiologist Performance and Reliability of MR Scoring Systems in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease: Retrospective Analysis in a Real-World Clinical Practice
Authors: Abushamma Suha , Balakrishna Ravella , George Alvin , Hickman John , Ludwig Daniel R. , Shetty Anup S. , Zulfiqar Maria , Ganapathy Aravinda , Bishop Grace , Elumalai Anusha , Arora Jyoti , Miller Philip , Deepak Parakkal , Ballard David H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease (CD-PAF) is difficult to treat, and several MR scoring systems have been developed to assess treatment response.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between CD-PAF MR scoring systems and radiologists’ subjective assessment of CD-PAF severity and treatment response on baseline and follow-up pelvic MR.MethodsRetrospective single institution study of consecutive symptomatic patients with CD-PAF patients who underwent pelvic MR before and ≥3 months after initiating biologic therapy during a 10-year period (December 2011 to December 2021). One of four radiologists interpreted baseline and follow-up MRs. Scoring systems included variables in the modified Van Assche index (mVAI), magnetic resonance novel index for fistula imaging in CD (MAGNIFI-CD), and pediatric MR-based perianal Crohn’s disease (PEMPAC) index. For initial and follow-up MR, a 5-point Likert scale assessed severity (1=mild, 3=moderate, 5=marked). On follow-up MR, radiologists evaluated fistula response as 1-improved, 3-stable, or 5-worsened CD-PAF severity. All four study radiologists scored the baseline MR in 20 patients to calculate inter-reader agreement statistics. Interrater reliability was assessed with the Krippendorff α coefficient for categorical variables and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for continuous variables.ResultsThe final cohort included 96 CD-PAF patients (50 men; mean age=33.0 years) with 192 baseline and follow-up MRs. Moderate to substantial agreement was observed among radiologists for MAGNIFI-CD, mVAI, PEMPAC, and Likert scores (ICC: 0.716, 0.756, 0.535, and 0.679 respectively). Individual components of MR scoring systems had Fair to Substantial agreement (Alpha: 0.195 to 0.730). Significant univariate associations were found between MR scoring systems and radiologists’ Likert severity assessments (p<0.001, Pearson correlation coefficients ≥0.820). In patients meeting criteria for change in disease severity (n=17), all scoring systems demonstrated AUC values ≥0.93.ConclusionThe MR scoring systems for CD-PAF (MAGNIFI-CD, mVAI, and PEMPAC) demonstrated strong associations with radiologists’ subjective assessments of severity and treatment response on baseline and follow-up pelvic MR. Inter-reader agreement of these scoring systems outperformed individual MR factors.
Functional coherence of theXistandRSXprotein interactomes: X chromosome inactivation in marsupials
Authors: McIntyre Kim L. , Waters Shafagh A. , Zhong Ling , Hart-Smith Gene , Raftery Mark , Graves Jennifer A. Marshall , Waters Paul D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLong range epigenetic silencing is epitomised by X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in mammals. It is mediated by independently evolved, non-homologous long noncoding RNAs in eutherian and marsupial mammals (XISTandRSX). TheXistinteractome, comprising proteins that mediate the silencing process, is well documented in mouse studies. Here we interrogate proteins that interact withRSXusing chromatin isolation by RNA purification followed by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS) in a marsupial representative,Monodelphisdomestica. We identify 135 proteins that interact withRSX, of which 56 have orthologues in theXistinteractome. Remarkably, nearly 90% of the combinedXistandRSXinteractomes are within the same protein-protein association network. This network clustered into three major groups with distinctive functional enrichments, including RNA splicing and processing, regulation of translation and ribosomal biogenesis, and epigenetic transcriptional silencing. The proteins of theRSXinteractome were enriched for regions of intrinsic disorder in common with theXistinteractome, identifying this as a feature of ribonucleoprotein complexes associated with XCI. We also show that RNAi knockdown of representativeRSXinteractors, HNRNPK and CKAP4, led to reactivation of transcription from the inactive X chromosome, indicating a role for each in marsupial XCI. Thus, despite the absence of linear sequence homology betweenXistandRSX, they exhibit extraordinary functional coherence that indicates potential for post-transcriptional regulation, a feature not previously associated with the molecular machinery of XCI.
The Essential Role of Latrophilin-1 Adhesion GPCR Nanoclusters in Inhibitory Synapses
Authors: Matúš Daniel , Lopez Jaybree M. , Sando Richard C. , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTLatrophilin-1 (Lphn1, a.k.a. CIRL1 and CL1; gene symbolAdgrl1) is an Adhesion GPCR that has been implicated in excitatory synaptic transmission as a candidate receptor for α-latrotoxin. Here we analyzed conditional knockin/knockout mice for Lphn1 that contain an extracellular myc-epitope tag. Surprisingly, we found that Lphn1 is localized in cultured neurons to synaptic nanoclusters that are present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Conditional deletion of Lphn1 in cultured neurons failed to elicit a detectable impairment in excitatory synapses but produced a decrease in inhibitory synapse numbers and synaptic transmission that was most pronounced for synapses close to the neuronal soma. No changes in axonal or dendritic outgrowth or branching were observed. Our data indicate that Lphn1 is among the few postsynaptic adhesion molecules that are present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and that Lphn1 by itself is not essential for excitatory synaptic transmission but contributes to inhibitory synaptic connections.
Diversity and adaptability of RNA viruses in rice planthopper,Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Mao Qian-Zhuo , Ye Zhuang-Xin , Yuan Jing-Na , Ning Chao , Chen Meng-Nan , Qi Yu-Hua , Zhang Yan , Li Ting , He Yu-Juan , Lu Gang , Huang Hai-Jian , Zhang Chuan-Xi , Chen Jian-Ping , Li Jun-Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough a large number of insect-specific viruses (ISVs) have recently been discovered from hematophagous insect, studies on ISV diversity and their association with phytophagous insect hosts were still insufficient. A systematic RNA virome investigation was performed for an important plant virus vector, small brown planthopper (SBPH),Laodelphax striatellus. A total number of 22 RNA viruses (including 17 novel viruses) belonging to various families were successfully identified and characterized. Subsequent analysis indicated that the overall RNA virus transcripts per million (TPM) in SBPH was relatively consistent throughout various different developmental stages of the insects, although the titers of individual viruses differ among different insect tissues, suggesting a delicate balance between ISVs and insect hosts. Moreover, analysis of virus-derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated that siRNA mediated antiviral immune response of SBPH was activated in response to the replication of the discovered RNA viruses. Additionally, evaluation for potential cross-species ability of SBPH-ISVs showed that certain SBPH ISVs could successfully infect and replicate in another two rice planthoppers, the brown planthopper and the white-backed planthopper, through microinjection. In conclusion, the RNA virome and their adaptability in SBPH revealed in this study will contribute to a better understanding of the intimate relationship between ISVs and the host insects.
Semi-synthetic nanobody-ligand conjugates exhibit tunable signaling properties and enhanced transcriptional outputs at neurokinin receptor-1
Authors: Emidio Nayara Braga , Cheloha Ross W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAntibodies have proven highly valuable for therapeutic development; however, they are typically poor candidates for applications that require activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest collection of targets for clinically approved drugs. Nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest antibody fragments retaining full antigen-binding capacity, have emerged as promising tools for pharmacologic applications, including GPCR modulation. Past work has shown that conjugation of Nbs with ligands can provide GPCR agonists that exhibit improved activity and selectivity compared to their parent ligands. The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR targeted for the treatment of pain, is activated by peptide agonists such as Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), which induce signaling through multiple pathways (Gs, Gqand β-arrestin). In this study, we investigated whether conjugating NK1R ligands with Nbs that bind to a separate location on the receptor would provide chimeric compounds with distinctive signaling properties. We employed sortase A-mediated ligation to generate several conjugates consisting of Nbs linked to NK1R ligands. Many of these conjugates exhibited divergent and unexpected signaling properties and transcriptional outputs. For example, some Nb-NKA conjugates showed enhanced receptor binding capacity, high potency partial agonism, prolonged cAMP production, and an increase in transcriptional output associated with Gssignaling; whereas other conjugates were virtually inactive. Nanobody conjugation caused only minor alterations in ligand-induced upstream Gqsignaling with unexpected enhancements in transcriptional (downstream) responses. Our findings underscore the potential of nanobody conjugation for providing compounds with advantageous properties such as biased agonism, prolonged duration of action, and enhanced transcriptional responses. These compounds hold promise not only for facilitating fundamental research on GPCR signal transduction mechanisms but also for the development of more potent and enduring therapeutics.
Female empowerment and masculinity – a cultural trait? Evidence from the CEE countries
Authors: Gaweł Aleksandra , Mroczek-Dąbrowska Katarzyna , Bartosik-Purgat Malgorzata 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
As women’s position in the economy and society is often explained by cultural factors, this study aims to verify whether the observed changes in female empowerment in the region of Central and East European (CEE) countries of the European Union (EU) are associated with masculinity as a cultural trait.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply the k-means clustering method to group CEE countries into clusters with similar levels of female empowerment in two time points – 2013 and 2019. Next, the authors examine the clusters and cross-reference them with the national culture’s masculinity to explore the interrelations between female empowerment and cultural traits in the CEE countries and their development in time.

Findings
The analyses reveal that female empowerment is not uniform or stable across the CEE countries. The masculinity level is not strongly related to women’s position in these countries, and changes in female empowerment are not closely linked to masculinity.

Originality/value
Despite the tumultuous history of women’s empowerment in the CEE countries, the issues related to gender equality and cultural traits pertaining to the region are relatively understudied in the literature. By focusing on the CEE region, the authors fill the gap in examining the independencies between female empowerment and cultural masculinity.
The impact of audit quality and climate change reporting on corporate performance: a review and future research agenda
Authors: Alaamri Yazen , Hussainey Khaled , Nandy Monomita , Lodh Suman 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe paper aims to review prior literature on the impact of audit quality and climate change reporting on corporate performance. It also aims to offer avenues for future research.Design/methodology/approachBased on the systematic literature review, bibliometric investigation and forest plot, the authors systematized the scientific knowledge from 183 papers.FindingsEarlier studies either focused on audit quality and corporate performance or discussed the link between climate change and corporate performance. However, the way that audit quality and climate change can together influence corporate performance is yet to be examined. The authors fill the gap by examining the possible link between audit quality and climate change and establishing the influence of it on corporate performance from the existing literature.Originality/valueBecause of the immense importance of the company's contribution to climate change, the research findings will open up avenues for future research. In addition, findings will be useful for world policymakers in strengthening or modifying existing corporate responsibility policies.
Strengthening ethical guardrails for emerging technology businesses
Authors: Chari Murali 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to make the case that ethical guardrails in emerging technology businesses are inadequate and to develop solutions to strengthen these guardrails.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on literature and first principles reasoning, the paper develops theoretical arguments about the fundamental purpose of ethical guardrails and how they evolve and then uses this along with the characteristics that distinguish emerging technology businesses to identify inadequacies in the ethical guardrails for emerging technology businesses and develop solutions to strengthen the guardrails.

Findings
The paper shows that the ethical guardrails for emerging technology businesses are inadequate and that the reasons for this are systematic. The paper also develops actionable recommendations to strengthen these guardrails.

Originality/value
The paper develops the novel argument that reasons for the inadequate ethical guardrails in emerging technology businesses are systematic and stem from the inadequacy of laws and regulations, inadequacy of boards and the focus of business executives.
The potential of corruption based on Hofstede cultural dimensions and institutional quality: an international evidence
Authors: Putra I Putu Mega Juli Semara , Sihombing Ranto Partomuan 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the risk of corruption in several countries based on the cultural dimensions of Hofstede and institutional quality (IQ).

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from the Corruption Perception Index, Hofstede index and Worldwide Governance Indicators in 92 countries. Structural equation modeling based on partial least squares was used to test the proposed model.

Findings
The findings support the fraud triangle theory, which states that high transparency of individualist cultural attitudes and institutional control mechanisms reduces the opportunities for fraud to occur. From this research, it is also concluded that culture is a factor that tends to be constant and difficult to change.

Research limitations/implications
Research limitations include: First, it is limited to the number of samples, where the number of samples depends on the availability of data. However, only 92 countries intersect and have complete information. Second, this study only uses individualism from the Hofstede cultural dimension to see the risk of corruption.

Practical implications
The result of this study implicates the policymakers in government agencies to increase IQ to reduce the risk of corruption.

Originality/value
This is a preliminary study that discusses national culture (NC) and corruption, as well as the effect of the mediating variable, namely, the IQ. By including IQ, the authors hope that the impact of the effects of NC on corruption risk can be clarified.
Can CSR constrain accruals and real earnings management during the COVID-19 pandemic? An international analysis
Authors: El-Feel Hania Waleed Tawfik , Mohamed Diana Mostafa , Amin Hala Magdy , Hussainey Khaled 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to provide insights into the complicated relationship between earnings management (EM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) during the financial downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
Parametric t-tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum tests accompanied by ordinary least squares regression analysis, augmented with Newey–West procedure approaches, are used for a sample that consists of 1,984 firms from 47 countries for the period of 2014–2020. EM was proxied once with discretionary accruals using the modified Jones model (1995) and once with real earnings management (REM) using the Roychowdhury model (2006). This study uses environmental, social, and governance scores from the Thomson Reuters database as a proxy for CSR.

Findings
The results reveal that firms tend to engage more in EM practices during the pandemic and that more socially responsible firms tend to be honest and transparent during the financial reporting process. Interestingly, it was found that more socially responsible firms engaged less in REM practices during the pandemic.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this research help lenders, investors, policymakers and managers gain a better understanding of EM practices during a negative shock and shed light on the importance of CSR in being ethical.

Originality/value
The findings extend both the literature on the role of CSR in promoting financial reporting quality and the literature on the impact of COVID-19 on accrual and REM practices.
Benchmarking urban competitiveness for economic recovery: an application to Porto and Lisbon
Authors: Sgambati Sabrina , Carvalho Luís 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the competitive potential of different classes of municipalities within larger metropolitan areas, considering three dimensions of place competitiveness, associated to contemporary economic recovery agendas: the “dual transition” (green and digital) and socio-economic resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed methodology is divided in two stages, the first aiming at developing a new Index of Urban Competitiveness, based on three key dimensions of place development, by using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis; the second intends to identify municipalities’ main competitive assets, throughout the examination of the existing links between the overall competitiveness index and intra-metropolitan place conditions in each dimension. This methodology is applied to the metropolitan areas of Porto and Lisbon.

Findings
The analysis shows a weak link between population size and urban competitiveness, suggesting that economic recovery investments primarily targeting larger municipalities will not necessarily lead to greater metropolitan competitive advantages. On the contrary, taking into consideration place-based interventions for different “clubs” of municipalities would more likely contribute to enhance competitive performance and valorise territorial assets. Furthermore, while the relationship between competitiveness and environmental performance appears to be non-linear, digitalization and economic and social resilience prove to be key for urban competitive potential.

Originality/value
By drawing on contemporary notions of urban competitiveness, the work proposes a revised method to evaluate competitiveness, latent qualities and intrinsic features of places, constituting an initial step to conceive suitable metropolitan development and investment strategies for economic recovery.
Paradoxical career strengths and successes of ADHD adults: an evolving narrative
Authors: Crook Tamsin , McDowall Almuth 
Published: October 2023

PurposeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental condition that has frequently been pathologised in career research and broader society to date. The study seeks to reframe such assumptions through a qualitative positive-focused exploration of career stories of ADHD adults, elicited through a strength-focused technique with wide applicability for coaching and other career-based development activities.Design/methodology/approachSituated in a strength-focused coaching psychology paradigm, the authors undertook semi-structured interviews with 17 participants, using an adapted feedforward interview technique (FFI) rooted in positive psychology (PP), to investigate individuals' strengths and successful career experiences.FindingsNarrative thematic analysis of the transcripts identified two core themes: “the paradoxical nature of strengths” and “career success as an evolving narrative”. The participants described how they have achieved career success both “in spite of” and “because of” ADHD. The use of the FFI demonstrated a helpful and easily taught method for eliciting personal narratives of success and strengths, an essential foundation to any coaching process.Originality/valueThis research provides a nuanced overview, and an associated conceptual model, of how adults with ADHD perceive their career-based strengths and experiences of success. Further, the research shows the value of using a positive psychological coaching approach when working with neurominority individuals, using a successful adaptation of the FFI. The authors hope that the documentation of this technique and the resulting insights will offer important guidance for managers as coaches and internal and external career coaches, as well as providing positive and relatable narrative resources for ADHD adults.