bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiviral therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinoma through suppressing hepatitis B virus replication may improve ER stress, mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions and decrease p62 in hybridized mice with single HBV transgene and miR‐122
Authors: Liang Yuh‐Jin , Chiou Yu‐Wei , Chiu Abby Pei‐Ting , Shiao Ming‐Shi , Teng Wei , Lin Chin‐Wei , Cheng Mei‐Ling , Huang Yen‐Hua , Liang Kung‐Hao , Su Chien‐Wei , Lai Chi‐Yu , Chen Chih‐Li , Wu Jaw‐Ching 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) hijacks autophagy for its replication. Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) treatment suppressed HBV replication and reduced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence. However, the use of NUCs in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with normal or minimally elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels is still debated. Animal models are crucial for studying the unanswered issue and evaluating new therapies. MicroRNA‐122 (miR‐122), which regulates fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, is downregulated during hepatitis and HCC progression. The reciprocal inhibition of miR‐122 with HBV highlights its role in HCC development as a tumor suppressor. By crossbreeding HBV‐transgenic mice with miR‐122 knockout mice, we generated a hybrid mouse model with a high incidence of HCC up to 89% and normal ALT levels before HCC. The model exhibited early‐onset hepatic steatosis, progressive liver fibrosis, and impaired late‐phase autophagy. Metabolomics and microarray analysis identified metabolic signatures, including dysregulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation, genomic instability, the Warburg effect, reduced TCA cycle flux, energy deficiency, and impaired free radical scavenging. Antiviral treatment reduced HCC incidence in hybrid mice by approximately 30–35% compared to untreated mice. This effect was linked to the activation of ER stress‐responsive transcription factor ATF4, clearance of autophagosome cargo p62, and suppression of the CHOP‐mediated apoptosis pathway. In summary, this study suggests that despite minimal ALT elevation, HBV replication can lead to liver injury. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced miR‐122 levels, mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions, blocking protective autophagy resulting in p62 accumulation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and HCC. Antiviral may improve the above‐mentioned pathogenesis through HBV suppression.
Tagger effects in aquatic telemetry: Short-term and delayed effects of surgery in Atlantic Salmon smolts
Authors: Heim Kurt C. , Withers Jonah , Castro-Santos Theodore 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
An assumption of biotelemetry is that animal performance is unaffected by the tagging process and tag burden, yet this assumption is often untested or not thoroughly explored. Our objective was to explore how transmitter implantation procedures influenced Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar smolt survival and migratory performance.

Methods
We monitored radio-tagged smolts, first in the hatchery and then in a river with a receiver array. We assessed survival and in-river performance in relation to surgeon, surgery duration, processing order, and fish size.

Result
Mortality was 13.3% during an 8-day hatchery-observation period but was higher for fish that were processed by one of two experienced surgeons (25% vs. 2%). Mortality peaked 3 days postsurgery and was higher for smaller fish and fish that were tagged during morning tagging sessions (versus afternoons). The size effect changed over time, being greatest during the first 2 days postsurgery and continuing thereafter at a diminished level. Fish performance once released into a river also differed between surgeons (migration initiation 66% vs. 82%; to-lake migration success 22% vs. 43%) and, consistent with hatchery observations fish that were tagged in the morning by one surgeon, performed poorly once released.

Conclusion
We highlight the immediate and lingering effects of surgical procedures on smolt survival that, if not accounted for, could bias inferences about the study population. Researchers should anticipate tagger effects during study design to ensure potential tagger effects (i.e., surgeon, order tagged, conditions during tagging) are balanced across study groups of interest. Testing for a fixed tagger effect in analyses may not always be adequate because a tagger effect may covary with processing order and fish size and may change over time.
Bladder outlet obstruction in women: Scope of the problem and differential diagnosis
Authors: Bouchard Béatrice , Campeau Lysanne 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence, formal definition, and diagnostic criteria of bladder outlet obstruction in owmen have not been clearly defined.MethodsThis is a literature review of the definition of BOO in women, its prevalence, as well as its differential diagnosis.ResultsThe main causes of BOO in women are divided into functional and anatomic conditions. Functional etiologies include detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia, dysfunctional voiding, Fowler's syndrome, and primary bladder neck obstruction. Anatomic causes can be further divided into extrinsinc and intrinsic conditions. Intrinsic etiologies include urethral stricture and urethral diverticula, whereas extrinsic causes comprise pelvic organ prolapse, post anti‐incontinence surgery, and Skene's gland cyst or abscess.ConclusionsThere are multiple etiologies to BOO in women, and this condition is most probably underdiagnosed, owing to a lack of consensus for a standard definition.
The effect of lying on memory in daily life: Does motivation matter?
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Zhiwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, there has been renewed interest in the effect of lying on memory. A growing body of studies has documented that lying can impair memories and cause memory disruptions, such as forgetting and false memories, to a greater degree than telling the truth. This study aimed to investigate whether motivation plays a role in the effect of lying on memory. The present study utilized a daily life paradigm and manipulated three conditions: truth telling, internally motivated lying, and externally motivated lying. We asked participants to engage in a shopping task and to tell lies (externally motivated lying group) or to choose between telling the truth (truth‐telling group) and telling lies (internally motivated lying group) in the interview. Forty‐eight hours later, the participants were instructed to truthfully carry out multiple memory assessments. The principal findings of this research are that lying can result in memory impairments, and internally motivated lying can lead to greater impairment in source memory than externally motivated lying. Moreover, no significant differences between the two lying groups were found in the memory tests. The empirical findings of this study provide new insights into the effect of lying on memory.
Moderate similarity leads to empathic concern, but high similarity can also induce personal distress towards others’ pain
Authors: Salles Bruno M. , Fadel João V. , Mograbi Daniel C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmpathic concern and personal distress are common vicarious emotional responses that arise when witnessing someone else's pain. However, the influence of perceived similarity on these responses remains unclear. In this study, we examined how perceived similarity with an injured target impacts vicarious emotional responses. A total of 87 participants watched a video of an athlete in pain preceded by a clip describing the athlete's trajectory, which indicated either high, moderate, or low similarity to the participants. Emotional self‐reports, facial expressions, gaze behavior, and pupil diameter were measured as indicators of the participants' emotional responses. Participants in the moderate‐ and high‐similarity groups exhibited greater empathic concern, as evidenced by their display of more sadness compared with those in the low‐similarity group. Furthermore, those in the moderate‐similarity group exhibited less avoidance by displaying reduced disgust, indicating lower personal distress compared with those in the low‐similarity condition. Nevertheless, the high‐similarity group displayed just as much disgust as the low‐similarity group. These findings suggest that perceived similarity enhances empathic concern to others' suffering, but that high similarity can also lead to personal distress. Future studies on empathy should explore distinct vicarious states using multimodal measurements to further advance our understanding of these processes.
Structural insights into the unique recognition module between α‐synuclein peptide and nanobody
Authors: Islam Zeyaul , Vaikath Nishant N. , Hmila Issam , El‐Agnaf Omar M. A. , Kolatkar Prasanna R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNanobodies are single‐domain fragments of antibodies with comparable specificity and affinity to antibodies. They are emerging as versatile tools in biology due to their relatively small size. Here, we report the crystal structure of a specific nanobody Nbα‐syn01, bound to a 14 amino acid long peptide of α‐synuclein (αSyn), a 140‐residue protein whose aggregation is associated with Parkinson's disease. The complex structure exhibits a unique binding pattern where the αSyn peptide replaces the N‐terminal region of nanobody. Recognition is mediated principally by extended main chain interaction of the αSyn peptide and specificity of the interaction lies in the central 48–52 region of αSyn peptide. Structure‐guided truncation of Nbα‐syn01 shows tighter binding to αSyn peptide and improved inhibition of α‐synuclein aggregation. The structure of the truncated complex was subsequently determined and was indistinguishable to full length complex as the full‐length form had no visible electron density for the N‐terminal end. These findings reveal the molecular basis for a previously unobserved binding mode for nanobody recognition of α‐synuclein, providing an explanation for the enhanced binding, and potential for an alternate framework for structure‐based protein engineering of nanobodies to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
A pooled patient‐reported outcomes analysis of moderately hypofractionated proton beam therapy and photon‐based intensity modulated radiation therapy for low‐ or intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Lukez Alexander , Handorf Elizabeth , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Henderson Randal H. , Stish Bradley J. , Davis Brian J. , Hallman Mark , Horwitz Eric M. , Vapiwala Neha , Wong Jessica Karen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to characterize and compare late patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) after moderately hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and proton beam therapy (PBT) for localized prostate cancer (PC).MethodsThis multi‐institutional analysis included low‐ or intermediate‐risk group PC patients treated with moderately hypofractionated radiation to an intact prostate stratified by treatment modality: IMRT or PBT. The primary outcomes were prospectively collected patient‐reported late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity assessed by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Expanded PC Index Composite (EPIC). Multivariable regression analysis (MVA) controlling for age, race, and risk group tested the effect of time, treatment, and their interaction.Results287 IMRT and 485 PBT patients were included. Intermediate risk group (81.2 vs. 68.2%; p < 0.001) and median age at diagnosis (70 vs. 67 years; p < 0.001) were higher in the IMRT group. On MVA, there was no significant difference between modalities. PBT IPSS did not differ from IMRT IPSS at 12 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; p = 0.08) or 24 months (OR, 0.99; p = 0.94). PBT EPIC overall GI function at 12 months (OR, 3.68; p = 0.085) and 24 months (OR 2.78; p = 0.26) did not differ from IMRT EPIC overall GI function. At 24 months, urinary frequency was no different between PBT and IMRT groups (OR 0.35; p = 0.096).ConclusionsThis multi‐institutional analysis of low‐ or intermediate‐risk PC treated with moderately hypofractionated PBT and IMRT demonstrated low rates of late patient‐reported GI and GU toxicities. After covariate adjustment, late GI and GU PROs were not significantly different between PBT or IMRT cohorts.
Design, synthesis, antifungal activity and molecular docking of novel pyrazole‐4‐carboxamides containing tertiary alcohol and difluoromethyl moiety as potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors
Authors: Su Yanhao , Zhang Tingting , An Xinkun , Ma Haoyun , Wang Mingan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance problems with the long‐term and frequent use of existing fungicides, and the lack of structure diversity of traditional pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, it is highly required to design and develop new fungicides to address the resistance issue.RESULTSDifferent from previous pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors by breaking the norm of difluoromethyl at the C‐3 position of pyrazole and introducing a tertiary alcohol group at the C‐3 position, 27 novel pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and characterized by proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon‐13 (13C) NMR, fluorine‐19 (19F) NMR and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS). The crystal structures of compounds A14 and C5 were analyzed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their in vitro antifungal activities were evaluated against phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora capsica, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris. The results displayed that most of them exhibited significant antifungal activities against S. sclerotiorum at 50 mg/L, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) data of A8 and A14 were 3.96 and 2.52 mg/L, respectively. Their in vivo antifungal activities were evaluated against Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Puccinia sorghi Schw, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, F. graminearum, Erysiphe graminis, Thanatephorus cucumeris, the control efficacies of A6, B3, C3, and C6 against E. graminis reached 100% at a concentration of 400 mg/L. The molecular docking results showed that the binding mode of the target compounds containing tertiary alcohols were similar to that of fluxapyroxad in succinate dehydrogenase. In addition, tertiary alcohols were involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds.CONCLUSIONThe excellent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of novel pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives against succinate dehydrogenase were reported for the first time, and they could be used as the potential lead compounds. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reassessment of performance evaluation of EWMA control chart for exponential process
Authors: Rasheed Zahid , Zhang Hongying , Anwar Syed Masroor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMemory control charts or charts, such as cumulative sums and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), are widely used for tracking minor to moderate changes in process parameters. The literature presented an EWMA chart for monitoring exponential processes, assuming probability limits to determine both in‐ and out‐of‐control average run length (ARL). The use of probability limits for memory charts is an incorrect method. So, we are aiming to correct the EWMA chart by Aslam et al. and the proposed EWMA chart (represented by ) for the exponential process using the run‐length (RL) method based on the simulation method instead of the probability‐based method. The ARL, standard deviation of RL, and median of RL are used to evaluate the proposed chart's performance. For practical consideration of the proposed chart, a real‐world example of a urinary tract infection is also presented.
Sliding mode control for disturbance rejection and estimation under measurement delay with PDE‐backstepping predictor
Authors: Pinto Hardy L. C. P. , Oliveira Tiago Roux , Rodrigues Victor H. P. , Hsu Liu , Krstic Miroslav 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, we address the disturbance rejection problem for linear plants with delayed measured output. The output delay is allowed to be time‐varying and of arbitrary duration. The disturbances that may represent actuator faults are generated by an exogenous dynamic system and can be matched or unmatched. A predictor–based observer is designed via the PDE–backstepping (Partial Differential Equation–backstepping) method so that an estimate of the current state vector, as well as that of unmeasured disturbance, can be obtained. These estimates are used in to regulate the output and reject the disturbance by output feedback sliding mode control. In addition, a solution for finite‐time disturbance rejection (rather than exponential only) is also introduced when the sensor delay is constant. Numerical examples illustrate the performance and robustness of the both proposed predictor‐feedback control systems.
Selective Uptake Into Inflamed Human Intestinal Tissue and Immune Cell Targeting by Wormlike Polymer Micelles
Authors: Gardey Elena , Cseresnyes Zoltan , Sobotta Fabian H. , Eberhardt Juliane , Haziri Drilon , Grunert Philip C. , Kuchenbrod Maren T. , Gruschwitz Franka V. , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schumann Michael , Gaßler Nikolaus , Figge Marc T. , Stallmach Andreas , Brendel Johannes C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a globally prevalent chronic disease with no causal therapeutic options. Targeted drug delivery systems with selectivity for inflamed areas in the gastrointestinal tract promise to reduce severe drug‐related side effects. By creating three distinct nanostructures (vesicles, spherical, and wormlike micelles) from the same amphiphilic block copolymer poly(butyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PBA‐b‐PEO), the effect of nanoparticle shape on human mucosal penetration is systematically identified. An Ussing chamber technique is established to perform the ex vivo experiments on human colonic biopsies, demonstrating that the shape of polymeric nanostructures represents a rarely addressed key to tissue selectivity required for efficient IBD treatment. Wormlike micelles specifically enter inflamed mucosa from patients with IBD, but no significant uptake is observed in healthy tissue. Spheres (≈25 nm) and vesicles (≈120 nm) enter either both normal and inflamed tissue types or do not penetrate any tissue. According to quantitative image analysis, the wormlike nanoparticles localize mainly within immune cells, facilitating specific targeting, which is crucial for further increasing the efficacy of IBD treatment. These findings therefore demonstrate the untapped potential of wormlike nanoparticles not only to selectively target the inflamed human mucosa, but also to target key pro‐inflammatory cells.
Enhancing Cutting Efficiency and Minimizing Forces for Nomex Honeycomb Core Using Grey Relational Analysis and Desirability Function Analysis
Authors: Habib Hassan , Khan Muhammad Salman , Munir Adnan , Zahid Danyal , McDermott Olivia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNomex Honeycomb core is the foundational building block for manufacturing aerospace composite components. Its usage requires machining honeycomb in complex aerodynamic profiles where the quality of the core is governed by accuracy and precision of cut profiles. The assessment of accuracy and precision is directly related to forces induced in the cutting tool and cutting efficiency. These two parameters form the basis of a multi‐objective function that this paper aims to optimize for the milling operation. The parameter of depth of cut considered in this paper has not been analyzed in a multi‐objective optimization study of the Nomex Honeycomb core previously. A Taguchi‐based array of Design of Experiments followed by Analysis of Variance and correlation analysis is utilised. The results indicate that the most significant factor is the feed rate, with a percentage contribution of 72% for the cutting forces and depth of cut, with a percentage contribution of 85% in the case of cutting efficiency. The two parameters are optimized using Desirability Function Analysis and Grey Relational Analysis. The results are validated through experimental runs with an error within 5% of the statistical predictions, with the percentage improvement in cutting forces for optimum runs as compared to the worst experimental run at 47.8%. The percentage improvement in cutting efficiency likewise is 11%.
Display of Polyvalent Hybrid Antibodies on the Cell Surface for Enhanced Cell Recognition
Authors: Wang Xuelin , Wang Yixun , Lee Kyungsene , Davis Brandon , Wen Connie , Jia Bei , Zheng Hong , Dong Cheng , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCell surface engineering with exogeneous receptors holds great promise for various applications. However, current biological methods face problems with safety, antigen escape, and receptor stoichiometry. The purpose of this study is to develop a biochemical method for displaying polyvalent antibodies (PAbs) on the cell surface. The PAbs are synthesized through the self‐assembly of DNA‐Ab conjugates under physiological conditions without the involvement of any factors harsh to cells. The data show that PAb‐functionalized cells can recognize target cells much more effectively than monovalent controls. Moreover, dual Ab incorporation into the same PAb with a defined stoichiometric ratio leads to the formation of a polyvalent hybrid Ab (DPAb). DPAb‐functionalized cells can effectively recognize target cell models with antigen escape, which cannot be achieved by PAbs with one type of Ab. Therefore, this work presents a novel biochemical method for Ab display on the cell surface for enhanced cell recognition.
Pyrogallol promotes growth arrest by activating the p53‐mediated up‐regulation of p21 and p62/SQSTM1‐dependent degradation of β‐catenin in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhou Beixian , Wang Linxin , Ren Zhixian , Liang Yueyun , Yang Sushan , Zhang Yuehan , Che Siyao , Fang Weiyi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPyrogallol (1,2,3‐trihydroxybenzene), a polyphenolic natural compound, has attracted considerable attention with regard to its potential anticancer activity. However, further study is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism related to the antiNSCLC activity of pyrogallol and provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for better clinical utilization of pyrogallol. Our current study aims to investigate the effects and potential underlying mechanisms of pyrogallol on the inhibition of NSCLC growth. Our results showed that pyrogallol treatment induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis in two different NSCLC cell lines. Mechanistically, we found that the induction of cell cycle arrest in NSCLC cells at the G2/M phase by pyrogallol was due to the upregulation of p21 in a p53‐dependent manner. And blockade of p53 and p21 effectively abolished the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Meanwhile, p53 inhibition has been found to abrogate the pyrogallol‐induced apoptosis of the two NSCLC cells. Moreover, we revealed that the inhibitory effects of pyrogallol on β‐catenin signaling resulted from autophagy initiation depending on p53 activation, accompanied by an increase in p62/SQSTM1 expression, thus p62 subsequently interacting with ubiquitinated β‐catenin and facilitating autophagic destruction of β‐catenin. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that pyrogallol exerted growth inhibition on NSCLC with low toxicity through the same molecular mechanism as observed in vitro. Our findings could contribute to the understanding of the mechanism by which pyrogallol negatively regulates NSCLC growth, which could be effective in treating NSCLC.