bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-concept and Narrative Identity in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Cowan Henry R , McAdams Dan P , Ouellet Leah , Jones Courtney M , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Disturbances of the narrative self and personal identity accompany the onset of psychotic disorders in late adolescence and early adulthood (a formative developmental stage for self-concept and personal narratives). However, these issues have primarily been studied retrospectively after illness onset, limiting any inferences about their developmental course.

Study Design
Youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) (n = 49) and matched healthy comparison youth (n = 52) completed a life story interview (including self-defining memory, turning point, life challenge, and psychotic-like experience) and questionnaires assessing self-esteem, self-beliefs, self-concept clarity, and ruminative/reflective self-focus. Trained raters coded interviews for narrative identity themes of emotional tone, agency, temporal coherence, context coherence, self-event connections, and meaning-making (intraclass correlations &gt;0.75). Statistical analyses tested group differences and relationships between self-concept, narrative identity, symptoms, and functioning.

Study Results
CHR participants reported more negative self-esteem and self-beliefs, poorer self-concept clarity, and more ruminative self-focus, all of which related to negative symptoms. CHR participants narrated their life stories with themes of negative emotion and passivity (ie, lack of personal agency), which related to positive and negative symptoms. Reflective self-focus and autobiographical reasoning were unaffected and correlated. Autobiographical reasoning was uniquely associated with preserved role functioning.

Conclusions
This group of youth at CHR exhibited some, but not all, changes to self-concept and narrative identity seen in psychotic disorders. A core theme of negativity, uncertainty, and passivity ran through their semantic and narrative self-representations. Preserved self-reflection and autobiographical reasoning suggest sources of resilience and potential footholds for cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive interventions.
Imputing missing sleep data from wearables with neural networks in real-world settings
Authors: Lee Minki P , Hoang Kien , Park Sungkyu , Song Yun Min , Joo Eun Yeon , Chang Won , Kim Jee Hyun , Kim Jae Kyoung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sleep is a critical component of health and well-being but collecting and analyzing accurate longitudinal sleep data can be challenging, especially outside of laboratory settings. We propose a simple neural network model titled SOMNI (Sleep data restOration using Machine learning and Non-negative matrix factorIzation [NMF]) for imputing missing rest-activity data from actigraphy, which can enable clinicians to better handle missing data and monitor sleep–wake cycles of individuals with highly irregular sleep–wake patterns. The model consists of two hidden layers and uses NMF to capture hidden longitudinal sleep–wake patterns of individuals with disturbed sleep–wake cycles. Based on this, we develop two approaches: the individual approach imputes missing data based on the data from only one participant, while the global approach imputes missing data based on the data across multiple participants. Our models are tested with shift and non-shift workers' data from three independent hospitals. Both approaches can accurately impute missing data up to 24 hours of long dataset (&gt;50 days) even for shift workers with extremely irregular sleep–wake patterns (AUC &gt; 0.86). On the other hand, for short dataset (~15 days), only the global model is accurate (AUC &gt; 0.77). Our approach can be used to help clinicians monitor sleep–wake cycles of patients with sleep disorders outside of laboratory settings without relying on sleep diaries, ultimately improving sleep health outcomes.
How COVID-19 and Racial Justice Protests Influenced Social Workers’ Perceptions of Policy and Political Participation
Authors: Krings Amy , Wathen Maria V , Kilbane Teresa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDrawing on political opportunity theory, this study examined how the political context created by the COVID-19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter protests influenced social workers’ perceptions about social welfare policy and political participation in the summer of 2020. Authors conducted a thematic analysis of the open-ended survey responses of 120 social work practitioners. Regarding perceptions of policy, respondents reported that they experienced new awareness about the breadth and depth of structural racism in the United States; that they held pessimistic views of the government’s ability to mitigate harm associated with the pandemic or racial injustice; and that structural change, including the expansion of the social safety net, was needed. Regarding participation, respondents described how they used new forms of political engagement in part because of social distancing, but even more so because they were motivated by highly visible acts of racial injustice. At the same time, they experienced barriers to participation including a fear that they were not adequately prepared and asked for additional support from social work professional organizations. Respondents believed that more education is needed about racial justice and political action. These findings have important implications for social work education and practice, especially work to promote social justice.
Factors Associated with Interest in Engaging in Psychological Interventions for Pain Management
Authors: Miller-Matero Lisa R. , Yaldo Marissa , Chohan Sikander , Zabel Celeste , Patel Shivali , Chrusciel Timothy , Salas Joanne , Wilson Lauren , Sullivan Mark D. , Ahmedani Brian K. , Lustman Patrick J. , Scherrer Jeffrey F. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Engagement in evidence-based psychological interventions for pain management is low. Identifying characteristics associated with interest in interventions can inform approaches to increase uptake and engagement. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with interest in psychological interventions among persons with non-cancer pain receiving prescription opioids.

Methods:Participants
with non-cancer pain and a new 30-90 day opioid prescription were recruited from two health systems. Participants (N=845) completed measures regarding pain, opioid use, psychiatric symptoms, emotional support, and interest in psychological interventions for pain management.

Results:
There were 245 (29.0%) participants who reported high interest in psychological interventions for pain management. In bivariate analyses, variables associated with interest included younger age, female gender, greater pain severity, greater pain interference, greater number of pain sites, lower emotional support, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (P<0.05). In a multivariate model, greater pain severity (OR=1.17; CI: 1.04-1.32), depression (OR=2.10; CI: 1.39-3.16), PTSD (OR=1.85; CI: 1.19-2.95), and lower emotional support (OR=0.69; CI: 0.5-0.97) remained statistically significant.

Discussion:
The rate of interest in psychological interventions for pain management was low, which may indicate that patients initiating opioid treatment of chronic pain have low interest in psychological interventions. Greater pain severity and psychiatric distress were related to interest, and patients with these characteristics may especially benefit from psychological interventions. Providers may want to refer to psychological interventions prior to or when opioids are initiated. Additional work is needed to determine if this would reduce long-term opioid use.
New strategies for the treatment of breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis
Authors: Chew Sonya M. , Seidman Andrew D. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Leptomeningeal metastasis is a complication of metastatic breast cancer that has a rising incidence likely due to the increased availability of novel systemic therapies, which have improved survival with better extracranial disease control but with limited intracranial efficacy. A poor prognosis of less than 6 months has historically been associated with leptomeningeal metastasis and it is often an exclusion factor for enrollment in clinical trials. There are limited evidence-based data supporting use of therapeutics in leptomeningeal metastasis patients and recommendations are largely derived from retrospective reports and small prospective studies. However, in recent years, there has been a surge in effective modern therapeutics with promising intracranial activity.

Recent findings
The study aims to review the most recent updates in the management of leptomeningeal metastasis in breast cancer. We discuss the effectiveness and limitations of intrathecal administration, predictive biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid, proton radiation therapy and promising new systemic therapies such as antibody drug conjugates.

Summary
Ongoing development of clinical trials that allow inclusion of leptomeningeal metastasis are essential for establishing efficacy potential and discovering new treatment options in this population of great unmet need.
Recent advances in allogeneic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Montoro Juan , Balaguer-Roselló Aitana , Sanz Jaime 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
This review highlights recent advancements in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Recent findings
Important improvements have been observed throughout the allo-HSCT procedure and patient management. Universal donor availability and reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have been achieved with the introduction of posttransplant cyclophosphamide for GVHD prophylaxis. It has contributed, together with advances in conditioning regimens, GVHD treatment and supportive care, to a reduced overall toxicity of the procedure. Relapse is now the most frequent cause of transplant failure. With increased knowledge of the biological characterization of AML, better prediction of transplant risks and more profound and standardized minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring, pharmacological, and immunological strategies to prevent relapse are been developed.

Summary
Allo-HSCT remains the standard of care for high-risk AML. Increased access to transplant, reduced toxicity and relapse are improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize MRD monitoring, refine conditioning regimens, and explore new GVHD management and relapse prevention therapies.
Machine learning applications and challenges in graft-versus-host disease: a scoping review
Authors: Mushtaq Ali Hassan , Shafqat Areez , Salah Haneen T. , Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Muhsen Ibrahim N. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
This review delves into the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), in enhancing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) risk assessment, diagnosis, and personalized treatment.

Recent findings
Recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of ML algorithms over traditional multivariate statistical models in donor selection for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ML has recently enabled dynamic risk assessment by modeling time-series data, an upgrade from the static, “snapshot” assessment of patients that conventional statistical models and older ML algorithms offer. Regarding diagnosis, a deep learning model, a subset of ML, can accurately identify skin segments affected with chronic GVHD with satisfactory results. ML methods such as Q-learning and deep reinforcement learning have been utilized to develop adaptive treatment strategies (ATS) for the personalized prevention and treatment of acute and chronic GVHD.

Summary
To capitalize on these promising advancements, there is a need for large-scale, multicenter collaborations to develop generalizable ML models. Furthermore, addressing pertinent issues such as the implementation of stringent ethical guidelines is crucial before the widespread introduction of AI into GVHD care.
Preclinical glioma models in neuro-oncology: enhancing translational research
Authors: Barachini Serena , Morelli Mariangela , Santonocito Orazio Santo , Mazzanti Chiara Maria 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Gliomas represent approximately 25% of all primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors and 81% of malignant tumors. Unfortunately, standard treatment approaches for most CNS cancers have shown limited improvement in patient survival rates.

Recent findings
The current drug development process has been plagued by high failure rates, leading to a shift towards human disease models in biomedical research. Unfortunately, suitable preclinical models for brain tumors have been lacking, hampering our understanding of tumor initiation processes and the discovery of effective treatments. In this review, we will explore the diverse preclinical models employed in neuro-oncology research and their contributions to translational science.

Summary
By utilizing a combination of these preclinical models and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, researchers can deepen their understanding of glioma brain tumors and develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat these devastating diseases. These models offer promising prospects for personalized and efficacious treatments for these challenging malignancies. Although it is unrealistic to fully replicate the complexity of the human body in vitro, the ultimate goal should be to achieve the closest possible resemblance to the clinical context.
Management of neurofibromatosis type 1 associated tumors of central and peripheral nervous system
Authors: Eoli Marica 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
In recent years emerging evidence suggests that some tumor types, extremely rare in general population and understudied, can be observed in NF1 and neoplasms related with this condition harbor peculiar genetic and epigenetic features. The aim of this review is to summarize recent advances that, delving into the tumor complexity, have identified new diagnostic tools and potential tumor subtype that may have been associated with clinical implications.

Recent findings
The available data confirmed the presence of peculiar molecular signatures in those tumors, different from those observed in sporadic neoplasms and suggest that a specific reference to NF1 associated neoplasms would deserve to be mentioned in tumor WHO classification. Comprehensive multiomic analysis shows that the histologic assessment does not always match the methylation group assignment and facilitates tumor subclassification into categories predictive of clinical behavior. The non-invasive assessment of tumor genetic profiles by the analysis of plasma ctDNA is representative of tumor features, may help differential diagnosis and may identify malignant transformation, sparing the patient from repeated biopsies.

Summary
A better knowledge of NF1 associated tumors at the molecular level may suggest changes in the clinical management of the disease and open new frontiers of personalized treatment.
Neurorehabilitation in brain tumours: evidences and suggestions for spreading of knowledge and research implementation
Authors: Bartolo Michelangelo , Intiso Domenico , Zucchella Chiara 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
The last few decades have seen an increase in life expectancy in brain tumour patients; however, many patients report sensory-motor and cognitive disabilities due to the tumour itself, but also to the effect of anticancer treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy), supportive treatments, as well as individual patient factors. This review outlines the principles on which to base neurorehabilitation treatments, with the aim of stimulating an early rehabilitative management, in order to reduce disability and functional limitation and improve the quality of life of the persons affected by brain tumour.

Recent findings
Although not definitive, evidences suggest that an early neurorehabilitative evaluation, performed with a multidisciplinary approach, may identify the different functional impairments that can affect people with brain tumour. Furthermore, identifying and classifying the person's level of functioning is useful for designing achievable recovery goals, through the implementation of tailored multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. The involvement of different professional figures allows to treat all the components (physical, cognitive, psychological and participation) of the person, and to redesign one's life project, lastly improving the quality of life.

Summary
Overall, the evidences suggest a critical need for the development of this clinical area by spreading the concept of rehabilitation among neuro-oncologists and producing high quality research.
Frequent outbreaks of dengue in Nepal – causes and solutions: a narrative review
Authors: Pokharel Pashupati , Khanal Surakshya , Ghimire Sagun , Pokhrel Kailash M. , Shrestha Abhigan B. 
Published: October 2023

Dengue is a viral illness caused by dengue virus, a flavivirus transmitted by the bite of female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In the year 2022, Nepal witnessed the largest ever dengue outbreak in the country. Dengue cases were reported from all seven provinces, affecting all 77 districts of the country. As of 31st December 2022, altogether 54 784 dengue cases have been identified, with Bagmati province reporting the highest. The country’s capital, Kathmandu, reported the highest burden of dengue cases (26%). The high degree of pre-monsoon rainfall because of climate change and mismanaged waste disposal system were the main cause of the 2022 dengue outbreak in Nepal. Furthermore, unplanned urbanization, Aedes vector expansion, open border policy with India, inefficient dengue surveillance system, and insufficient preventive efforts by the government are the causes of frequent dengue outbreaks. Awareness among the general public regarding vector control measures, improved surveillance of acute febrile illness, utilization of vector risk mapping techniques, and establishment of temperature-based early warning systems are utmost to halt future dengue outbreaks in Nepal.
A pilot study on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Dockery Dominique M. , Nussenzweig Samuel , Harelimana James G. , Ahishakiye Egide , Allu Sai , Licht Aron H. , Cunningham Ryan , Ingabire Emeline , Josiane Izere , Nisingizwe Philemon , Hirwa Christian , Munyesyaka Aimable , Moreira Carla C. , Patterson Robert B. , Martin Kyle D. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The global burden of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is high, but few studies have measured the prevalence of PAD in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this pilot study was to estimate the prevalence of PAD and associated risk factors in a naïve population in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods:
This is a mixed-methods, cross-sectional study conducted at three health centers in Kigali. Patients meeting the criteria were administered an ankle-brachial index (ABI) and a survey. An ABI </=0.9 was the value diagnostic for PAD and >1.3 was used for an inconclusive ABI. A post hoc analysis stratified by HIV status was conducted.

Results:
A total of 861 participants were included with an overall PAD positivity rate of 3.14%, and 166 patients (19.3%) had inconclusive ABIs. Patients with diagnostic ABIs were more likely to be older (63 vs. 56, P=0.009), of lower wealth indexes (P=0.016), and smokers [13 (48.1%) vs. 217 (32.5%), P=0.041]. Patients with inconclusive ABIs were more likely to be male [70 (42%) vs. 140 (21%), P≤0.001], to have chronic kidney disease [4 (2.4%) vs. 2 (0.3%), P=0.016], and to be positive for HIV [44 (27%) vs. 127 (19%), P=0.041]. People with HIV were more likely to be younger (54 vs. 57, P<0.01) and less likely to have other comorbidities such as diabetes [27 (16%) vs. 171 (25%), P<0.01] and hypertension [57 (33%) vs. 307 (45%), P<0.01].

Conclusions:
The prevalence of PAD in our study’s population was 3.14%. This pilot study identified a comorbid burden for HIV and PAD in Rwanda.
Recent Status of Procedures in a Single Nationwide Cosmetic Surgery Group
Authors: Funakoshi Yusuke , Saito Masao , Kawaguchi Ko , Hiramatsu Eri , Yamamoto Nobuo , Hondo Yoshiko , Nakagawa Yumiko , Okumura Koki , Sato Asami , Teranishi Hiroo 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Recently, cosmetic surgery demand has increased due to the spread of promotional social media in Japan. However, understanding the overall landscape remains difficult due to many clinics with varied procedure options. To understand the current trends and status of cosmetic surgery in Japan, we analyzed large-scale data from a group of clinics throughout the country.

Methods:
We analyzed data from 152,457 patients in our database. The periods from September 2018 to August 2021 and September 2021 to February 2023 were defined as the first and second periods, respectively, and the statuses of procedures were compared between the two.

Results:
Eye procedures were the most common (23.6%), followed by face-lifts (19.5%) and dark circles under the eyes (10.4%). Between the first and second periods, the number of procedures in the second period (128,898 cases) was overwhelmingly higher than that in the first period (23,559 cases). Orbital fat removal for dark circles under the eyes significantly increased (OR 2.97, 95%CI 2.78–3.17); procedures in provincial cities significantly increased (Kinki/Chugoku/Shikoku: OR 2.21, 95%CI 2.08–2.36); and procedures for patients with occupations where appearance is considered important, such as nightlife businesses or being a celebrity, decreased (celebrity: OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.38–0.51, nightlife business: OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.53–0.62).

Conclusions:
In Japan, cosmetic surgery has become increasingly common in recent years, and the trend has been changing over time. In the future, it will be important to organize and enhance our large-scale database to disseminate more accurate and useful information.
The Montreal Plastic Surgery Residency Bootcamp: Structure and Utility
Authors: Gervais Valerie , Grabs Detlev , Bougie Emilie , Salib George E. , Bortoluzzi Patricia , Tremblay Dominique M. 
Published: October 2023

Summary:
Transitioning from medical school to surgical residency is a difficult endeavor. To facilitate this period, the University of Montreal’s plastic surgery program developed and implemented an intensive 1-month bootcamp rotation. It is the only one of its kind and length amongst plastic surgery residency programs in North America. It includes didactic teachings in anatomy, cadaveric dissections, and surgical approaches for an array of procedures. Clinical and technical skills are reviewed with senior residents and attending surgeons. Research opportunities and case scenarios are also covered. An anonymous online 30-question survey was sent to all residents who participated in the bootcamp rotation between 2013 and 2020. Questions evaluated residents’ knowledge of anatomy, basic surgical skills, common approaches, flap knowledge, and on-call case management, before and after the bootcamp. Seventeen plastic surgery residents responded to this questionnaire (81%). The majority confirmed that the bootcamp helped them prepare for residency, research, and on-calls, and also helped them expand their knowledge of anatomy and surgical skills. The residents responded positively to the bootcamp’s structure and implementation. This study proposes that surgical programs could benefit from a bootcamp rotation at the beginning of their curriculum. The purpose is to facilitate the transition between medical school and postgraduate training, and to ensure a basic level of competence for all junior residents. Further prospective studies could demonstrate the bootcamp’s impact in board certification rates and acceptance into fellowship training programs.