bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective Action For Local–Level Effort Regulation: An Assessment Of Recent Experiences In Senegalese Small–Scale Fisheries
Authors: Gaspart Frederic , Platteau Jean–Philippe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The success or failure of collective action depends on two sets of factors which we have identified on the basis of our previous research. The first are the characteristics of the people concerned, such as the size of the group they are forming, the extent of their heterogeneity, and the social capital at their disposal, that is, their tradition of cooperation in other areas. Heterogeneity may result from a variety of sources, such as differences in exit opportunities, time horizons, resource use or techniques adopted, and differences in skill levels or capital endowments. The second are the characteristics of the technical, economic, and political environment that affect the enforcement costs of a collective scheme. Technical aspects may refer to the physical attributes of a common-pool resource such as its location, its degree of compactness, and the frequency and predictability of its produce flows; or to the features of the technique used to extract these flows or to build up a public good. Among economic aspects, we note in particular the market conditions for inputs and outputs of the collective activity concerned. Finally, political aspects mainly refer to the role played by state institutions.
Testing for Strong Serial Correlation and Dynamic Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Multiple Regression
Authors: Robinson P M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Most of the many diagnostic tests for serial correlation (SC) and dynamic conditional heteroskedasticity (DCH) of regression disturbances have good asymptotic local power against finite autoregressive (AR) or moving average (MA) alternatives. In testing for SC, statistics typically depend on finitely many, p, least squares (LS) residual sample autocorrelations.
Limit Theorems for Regressions with Unequal and Dependent Errors
Authors: Bicker Friedjielm 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There exist a considerable number of publications dealing with the asymptotic normality of parameter estimates for linear regressions, many of which deal with specific cases, however, or are unnecessarily narrow in the assumptions made. The most general paper among these, and the one closest to the present note, seems to be that of Hannan (1961). In that paper vectorial regression equations are considered while we are predominantly interested in scalar ones.
The Transition of Finance, Postal Savings, and Government Financial Intermediation
Authors: Cargill Thomas F , Yoshino Naoyuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Postal Savings System (PSS) and the Fiscal Investment and Loan Program (FILP) are major components of the Japanese economy measured by their size relative to both the economy and the financial system, and together they support a pervasive system of government financial intermediation. The PSS and the FILP also play an important role in Japanese politics, since they are an integral part of the budgeting process. Although extensively discussed and debated within Japan, the PSS and FILP are not familiar to many outside observers.
Prologue
Authors: Engel William E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The spirit of decline haunting the Renaissance imagination left its mark on dramas, dictionaries, and historical compendia. These various forms of literary expression all shared a common principle of organization. Each was decidedly at odds with oblivion, and drew from reservoirs of the culture’s collective memory—namely from emblems, proverbs, and exempla. These repositories of accrued commonplaces and perennial wisdom were staples of the classical Memory Arts, which enjoyed a revival during the period. This was especially the case with respect to theatre and its metaphors, as expressed through tragedies, phrase-books, and histories.
‘Now as touching my translation’: Linguistic Decorum and Memory’s Domain
Authors: Engel William E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rhyming wordplay of ‘corte/morte’ does not come through in the English, ‘court/death’. In the Italian, however, only one letter keeps the words from becoming the other. Still, the translation makes the sententious meaning clear: in former times the court was called death because the vicious thrived, and it is still fatal for the virtuous. This was certainly the case with the honourable women mentioned in Part I, Antonio’s wife, Bracciano’s Isabella, and Calantha; and it was the case as well for those who were sinned against perhaps more than they sinned, like Tamyra and the Duchess of Malfi.
Introduction: The Economics of Public Spending
Authors: Miles David , Myles Gareth , Preston Ian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The public sector affects the lives of all those who live in developed economies. Public expenditure pays to defend nations against invasion. It finances schools and universities in which people are educated. When people are ill, it provides medical care and financial support. Public expenditure provides pensions for the old and finances the police to protect people from crime. It also provides entertainment and infrastructure. Much of this is taken for granted and commonly passes unremarked.
Government Failure in US Urban Transportation
Authors: Winston Clifford 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Public provision of urban transportation is, in theory, socially desirable. Rail and bus operations exhibit economies of traffic density that could lead to destructive competition in an unregulated market. Highways are traditionally perceived as public goods that require enormous capital and maintenance investments that the private sector is unlikely to finance. Improving the urban mobility of elderly and low-income citizens is an important social goal that should be addressed by government.
Social spending
Authors: Pestieau Pierre 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is a great diversity among welfare states in the EU. As different systems have developed within the national context mostly after 1945, it is difficult to generalize about a ‘European model’ of the welfare state. This diversity—which is at the heart of this book—is reflected in the scale of expenditures for social protection systems, the division of expenditures among programs, the structure and design of benefits, the organization and the sources of financing. This chapter deals with the first two points. We first look at the level and structure of expenditures for the last year for which data is available. Then, we turn to the evolution of social expenditure over time. The financing issue is dealt with in Chapter 4. We discuss the issue of comparison of social expenditures across countries and consider the problem of entitlement that explains why dismantling programs that have lost their relevancy is so difficult.
Health care
Authors: Pestieau Pierre 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dealing with health care is quite different from dealing with unemployment, disability or retirement. Health care is a unique commodity for a number of reasons. First of all, receiving it can be a matter of life or death and is thus subject to less economic rationality than other consumptions: health has no price. Also, health care spending has increased in recent decades more rapidly than most other social spending. Yet, what makes health care so different is undoubtedly the issue of incomplete information that generates moral hazard and adverse selection problems. It is also the paternalistic argument according to which people should be forced to have medical insurance for their own good, even against their own will. These specificities make it difficult to tackle the issue of cost containment and to face the urgent need for reform that most European countries now face. In the following, we first describe the recent evolution of health care spending. We then turn to the issue of cost containment and of reform.
Introduction
Authors: Goodhart Charles , Dai Lu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
‘In order to achieve their objectives in undermining the Hong Kong dollar, speculators have deployed a whole host of improper measures which are clear to all. In order to deter such manipulation, I have exercised my power under the Exchange Fund Ordinance and asked the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) to draw upon the resources of the Exchange Fund to mount appropriate counter activities in the stock and futures markets. . . . Accordingly, the HKMA mounted counter activities earlier today.’
Background
Authors: Goodhart Charles , Dai Lu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During the Asian Financial Crisis, Hong Kong was particular not only because of its firm currency peg, but also because of the way in which the government acted to protect the peg. To some, the August 1998 intervention came as a shock since it was totally unexpected of a government which took pride in its non-interventionist stand. The decision was seen as extremely controversial.
Insolvency of Companies
Authors: Fletcher Ian F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although most of the fundamental principles of international insolvency law were originally conceived in the context of the insolvency of natural persons, it is undoubtedly the case that the area of greatest commercial significance –– both in terms of the monetary amounts involved and in terms of the complex issues encountered –– concerns the insolvency of companies. Historically, corporate entities of various kinds have been endowed with legal personality under municipal law, ranging from ecclesiastical or public bodies to the merchant adventurers of medieval and later times. These forms of corporate status were usually conferred by means of a Royal charter. However it was with the evolution, during the middle part of the nineteenth century, of the statute-based system for the formation of joint stock companies possessing corporate personality with limited liability, that the full possibilities were realized for legal persons, formed under the national law of one country, to become involved in international commercial ventures and legal relationships accompanied, inevitably, by the risk of financial failure. From these elements, the still evolving fabric of international corporate insolvency law has been gradually assembled.
The Ceremonial Animal
Authors: James Wendy , Lambek Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Adapting Wittgenstein’s concept of the human species as ‘a ceremonial animal’, Wendy James writes vividly and readably. Her new overview advocates a clear line of argument: that the concept of social form is a primary key to anthropology and the human sciences as a whole. Weaving memorable ethnographic examples into her text, James brings together carefully selected historical sources as well as references to current ideas in neighbouring disciplines such as archaeology, paleoanthropology, genetics, art and material culture, ethnomusicology, urban and development studies, politics, economics, psychology, and religious studies. She shows the relevance of anthropology to pressing world issues such as migration, humanitarian politics, the new reproductive technologies, and religious fundamentalism. Wendy James’s engaging style will appeal to specialist and non-specialist alike. The Foreword is written by Michael J. Lambek, Professor of Anthropology, University of Toronto.
The Constitutional Foundations of the European Union
Authors: Hartley”“ Trevor C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Most states were not created by law: their origin lies in a conquest or seizure of power. The European Union is different. It, together with its alter egos and earlier incarnations (European Community, EEC, ECSC, etc.), are all creations of the law. They owe their birth and continuing existence to the law: the law came first and the institutions came afterwards.
Introduction
Authors: Fissell Mary E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Women’s bodies are the stuff of history. In early modern England, those bodies gave birth to babies, nursed them, cooked the dinners, milked the cows, and spun the yarn. This book argues that women’s bodies are the stuff of history in a second way. Men’s bodies, after all, plowed the fields, ground grain into flour, and sheared the sheep. But only women’s bodies had the power to make new life. Such power was the source of much speculation. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century people had no sex-education diagrams, no ovulation-predictor test kits, no ultrasound scans.
Venture Capital on the Downside: Preferred Stock and Corporate Control
Authors: Bratton William W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When stock indices drop precipitously, when the start-up companies fizzle out, and when it stops raining money on places like Wall Street and Silicon Valley, attention turns to downside contracting. Law and business lawyers, sitting in the back seat as mere facilitators on the upside, move up to the front and sometimes even take the wheel.
Greenhorns, Yankees, and Cosmopolitans: Venture Capital, IPOs, Foreign Firms, and US Markets
Authors: Rock Edward B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
What is the connection between a venture capital industry, a well-developed stock market, and a nation’s securities regulation and corporate law? Bernie Black and Ron Gilson, in a comparative look at the USA, Germany, and Japan, observe that the USA has both an active venture capital industry and a well-developed stock market, while Germany and Japan have neither.
A ‘New Expression of the Meaning of my Books’
Authors: Andrews Malcolm 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When I first entered on this interpretation of myself (then quite strange in the public ear), I was sustained by the hope that I could drop into some hearts, some new expression of the meaning of my books, that would touch them in a new way. To Robert Lytton, 17 April 1867: Letters XI, 353–4 The trial of ‘Bardell vs Pickwick’ we venture to say was perfectly familiar to the entire audience, and yet it seemed like a new thing as interpreted by its creator.
Attachment and Alteration Of Risk
Authors: Bennett Professor Howard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The doctrine of utmost good faith requires a full and accurate presentation of the risk, the marine adventure, to be insured. A resulting contract of insurance covers that adventure and none other on the agreed terms. Should the insured adventure not ensue, liability on the policy will never attach. Should the insured adventure commence but subsequently be departed from, the insurer’s liability on the policy is automatically prospectively discharged. The all-embracing question traditionally asked was whether the adventure embarked upon or pursued constituted a deviation from that insured.
Subrogation
Authors: Bennett Professor Howard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The occurrence of a casualty may present an assured with more than one avenue of recovery. Apart from a claim under its insurance policy, the assured may also have a right to recover compensation from a third party legally responsible for the casualty or a contractual right to claim an indemnity irrespective of legal responsibility for the casualty. This raises the prospect of double recovery by the assured. A right to compensation or indemnity from a third party is no barrier to an assured recovering against the insurer under the policy. Similarly an assured’s right to recover as against a third party is in no way prejudiced by either a right of indemnity under an insurance policy or actual payment by the insurer. The prospect of double recovery arises also where the assured receives some voluntary benefit that diminishes the insured loss.
Introduction
Authors: Sheringham Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Browsing in the Bibliothèque Georges Perec, a wonderful archive hidden away at the back of the Arsenal library in Paris, I came across an official-looking exhibition catalogue, dating from 1981. Sponsored by a government planning department, the exhibition was called Construire pour habiter (Building for Living), and the brief preface was by Paul Delouvrier, the civil servant commissioned by de Gaulle in 1961 to modernize the Paris area.
The European Union: new threats and the problem of coherence
Authors: Burgess Niall , Spence David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The events of 11 September 2001, and the policy challenges posed by the United States’ reactions to them, had an impact on a European Union (EU) already in the midst of historic change. The successful introduction of the single European currency and the first steps towards a European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) had created new momentum in the monetary and security fields. Today, the admission of 10 new Central European and Med-iterranean members to the EU in the spring of 2004, and two additional members in 2006, are set to bring 100 million new citizens into the Union, creating new borders, new neighbours and new priorities.
A view from the League of Arab States
Authors: Alfarargi Saad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Against the background of the current threats and the ‘security agenda’, the following issues have been defined for reflection in this volume: (a) how can the private sector cooperate with governments in order to arrest the progress of ‘the bad’?; and (b) do governments need to make a greater effort to protect ‘the good’? To address these questions properly it is necessary to pose others.
Water-Related Investment: A European Perspective
Authors: Ziegler Andreas R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After the failure of the WfO Ministerial Conference in Cancun in late 2003, there is a continuous and increasing tendency for (newly) industrialized countries to conclude bilateral free trade agreements. They normally include bilateral concessions and rules on the liberalization of trade in services similar or com parable to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Furthermore, they most often include important chapters on the liberalization and protection of foreign direct investment (FDI). Both areas can have important repercussions on national policies regarding water distribution and supply. This chapter examines the motives and basic structures regarding water-related services of the existing bilateral free trade agreements, taking as examples the agreements of the European Economic Community and its Member States, as well as of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA),1 with numerous States since 1991. The objective is to identify similarities and differences to the current WfO negotiations on the one hand, and to bilateral investment treaties (BITs) on the other hand.
Estimation and Seasonal Adjustment of Population Means Using Data from Repeated Surveys
Authors: Pfeffermann Danny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The problem considered in this article is the following: Suppose that data are available from repeated surveys carried out at regular time intervals on a given population. How can this data be combined to estimate population means and their components like trend levels and seasonal effects? As illustrated in subsequent sections, the answer to this question depends on three major factors: The sampling design and, in particular, whether or not the samples are partially overlapping so that primary and/or ultimate sampling units are retained in the sample over more than one period.
Introduction
Authors: Harvey Andrew C , Proietti Tommaso 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This part of the book considers the issues involved in testing in unobserved components models. The most important, and most interesting, tests are those concerned with whether or not certain variances are zero. In other words is a particular component actually present? The non-stationary nature of many components means that the asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are non- standard. However, it turns out that using the Lagrange multiplier principle to construct tests often leads to statistics that have asymptotic distributions belonging to the class of under of Cramérvon Mises distributions. The same ideas can be used in tests of unit roots, leading to a nice unification of the statistical theory. However, the emphasis here is on tests for the presence of unobserved components. Particular attention is paid to stationarity tests and seasonality tests. There is also some discussion of how structural breaks may be handled and what hypotheses may be tested in multivariate models.
Are Seasonal Patterns Constant Over Time? A Test for Seasonal Stability
Authors: Canova Fabio , Hansen Bruce E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study of seasonal fluctuations has a long history in the analysis of economic time series. Traditionally, seasonal fluctuations have been considered a nuisance that obscures, the more important components of the series (presumably the growth and cyclical components; e.g., see Burns and Mitchell 1946), and seasonal adjustment procedures have been devised and implemented to eliminate seasonality (Shiskin, Young, and Musgrave 1967). This view dominated applied time series econometrics until quite recently. In the past few years a new view- point has emerged. Seasonal fluctuations are not necessarily a nuisance, but they are an integral part of economic data and should not be ignored or obscured in the analysis of economic models. Contributors to this view include Ghysels (1988), Barsky and Miron (1989), Braun and Evans (1990), Chattarjee and Ravikumar (1992), and Hansen and Sargent (1993).
Track One JI and ‘Greening of AAUs‘: How Could It Work?
Authors: Vayrynen Jari , Lecocq Franck 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Articles 6 and 17 of the Kyoto Protocol offer seemingly clear-cut options for countries with economies in transition (EITs). On the one hand, Article 6 Joint Implementation 01) is a project-based mechanism by which Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) are transferred in exchange for emission reductions achieved through a project. On the other, trading under Article 17 offers countries the possibility to sell Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) on the market without any reference to an underlying project or activity, as long as they meet minimal requirements for trading.1
Linking Emissions Trading Schemes: The EU ETS and the ‘Linking Directive
Authors: Lefevere Jurgen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Linking domestic or regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading schemes can provide imponant benefits to participants in such trading schemes. By expanding the market and increasing the availability of reduction opponunities it can increase the cost-effective functioning of the schemes involved and enhance their liquidity. Linking such trading schemes with project-based mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (COM) and Joint Implementation QI) can fun hermore provide an important stimulus to the transfer of clean technology to countries or sectors not covered under a trading scheme. Linking emissions trading schemes can however also provide a threat to the schemes involved.
Catharine Macaulay, Thomas Hollis, and the London Opposition
Authors: Davies Kate 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
You ask me, dear Madam, whether the Genius of Liberty has entirely forsaken our devoted isle. The acts of parliament which have passed this session and to which we have tamely submitted will be a complete answer to that question. But that the Goddess of Liberty has left in the minds of individuals some traces of her former residence will, I hope, appear plainly to you in the conduct of myself .. . 2The movement here from a genius (whose loss is discovered in the behaviour of a corrupt parliament and a supine populace) to a goddess (who still resides in her mind) suggests just how far Catharine Macaulay might have regarded herself as Liberty’s last English representative.