bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rho expression and activation in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Worth Nathalie F. , Campbell Gordon R. , Campbell Julie H. , Rolfe Barbara E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPhenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) involves dramatic changes in expression and organization of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins, but little is known of how this process is regulated. The present study used a cell culture model to investigate the possible involvement of RhoA, a known regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. In rabbit aortic SMC seeded into primary culture at moderate density, Rho activation was high at two functionally distinct time‐points, first as cells modulated to the “synthetic” phenotype, and again upon confluence and return to the “contractile” phenotype. Rho expression increased with time, such that maximal expression occurred upon return to the contractile state. Transient transfection of synthetic state cells with constitutively active RhoA (Val14RhoA) caused a reduction in cell size and reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins to resemble that of the contractile phenotype. Actin and myosin filaments were tightly packed and highly organised while vimentin localised to the perinuclear region; focal adhesions were enlarged and concentrated at the cell periphery. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous Rho by C3 exoenzyme resulted in complete loss of contractile filaments without affecting vimentin distribution; focal adhesions were reduced in size and number. Treatment of synthetic state SMC with known regulators of SMC phenotype, heparin and thrombin, caused a modest increase in Rho activation. Long‐term confluence and serum deprivation induced cells to return to a more contractile phenotype and this was augmented by heparin and thrombin. The results implicate RhoA for a role in regulating SMC phenotype and further show that activation of Rho by heparin and thrombin correlates with the ability of these factors to promote the contractile phenotype. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:189–200, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid detection of phosphotyrosine proteins by flow cytometric analysis in Bcr‐Abl–positive cells
Authors: Desplat Vanessa , Lagarde Valérie , Belloc Francis , Chollet Claudine , Leguay Thibaut , Pasquet Jean‐Max , Praloran Vincent , Mahon François‐Xavier 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundConstitutive tyrosine phosphorylation derived from Bcr‐Abl kinase activity is the major characteristic of Bcr‐Abl positive cells. In this study, we developed a method to detect the phosphotyrosine proteins by flow cytometry and we asked whether phosphorylation was affected by imatinib mesylate treatment.MethodsCells were treated or not with imatinib mesylate, fixed and permeabilized by PFA followed by saponin, then stained with anti‐phosphotyrosine (p‐tyr) monoclonal antibody and analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsOptimal staining parameters were performed with p‐tyr antibody using K562 and LAMA84 lines that displayed high levels of tyrosine phosphorylation as compared to the control line, HL60. Tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by imatinib in a dose‐dependent manner, but not modified by other inhibitors demonstrating that the staining detected is specific to Bcr‐Abl phosphorylation. The staining of imatinib‐resistant cell lines such as the mutated BaF/Bcr‐AblT315I cell line or resistant CML patient cells, showed that hyperphosphorylation was not affected by imatinib treatment. In one CML patient, our technique permitted us to detect a small hyperphosphorylated population resistant to imatinib that appeared hyperphosphorylated and amplified at the time of relapse.ConclusionsWe have developed a flow cytometric technique presenting several advantages such as rapidity and sensitivity, which requires fewer cells than the Western blot. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calibration and validation of confocal spectral imaging systems
Authors: Lerner Jeremy M. , Zucker Robert M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundConfocal spectral imaging (CSI) microscopic systems currently on the market delineate multiple fluorescent proteins, labels, or dyes within biological specimens by performing spectral characterizations. However, some CSI systems have been found to present inconsistent spectral profiles of reference spectra within a particular system and between related and unrelated instruments. This variability confirms that there is a need for a standardized, objective calibration and validation protocol.MethodsOur protocol uses an inexpensive multi‐ion discharge lamp (MIDL) that contains Hg+, Ar+, and inorganic fluorophores that emit distinct, stable, spectral features in place of a sample. We derived reference spectra from the MIDL data to accurately predict the spectral resolution, ratio of wavelength to wavelength, contrast, and aliasing parameters of any CSI system. We were also able to predict and confirm the influence of pinhole diameter on spectral profiles.ResultsUsing this simulation, we determined that there was good agreement between observed and theoretical expectations, thus enabling us to identify malfunctioning subsystems. We examined eight CSI systems and one nonconfocal spectral system, all of which displayed spectral inconsistencies. No instrument met its optimal performance expectations. In two systems, we established the need for factory realignment that had not been otherwise recognized.ConclusionsWe found that using a primary light source that emits an absolute standard “reference spectrum” enabled us to diagnose instrumental errors and measure accuracy and reproducibility under normalized conditions. With this information, a CSI operator can determine whether a CSI system is working optimally and make objective comparisons with the performance of other CSI systems. We determined that, if CSI systems were standardized to produce the same spectral profile of a MIDL lamp, researchers could be confident that the same experimental findings would be obtained on any CSI system. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 related adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma presenting as a parotid mass diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Tong Guo‐Xia , Hernandez Osvaldo , Yee Herman T. , Zheng Shyun‐Hua , Yang Grace C.H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA 48‐yr‐old black woman with a history of blood transfusions for menorrhagia secondary to uterine fibroids but no known Caribbean association presented with a 6‐wk history of a rapidly enlarging right parotid mass. At the time of presentation, she could not close her right eye. An aspiration biopsy showed small, medium, and large lymphoma cells with angulated nuclei, red macronucleoli, and basophilic cytoplasm with fine vacuoles. Flow cytometry indicated a (CD25+/CD7−) T‐cell lineage, suggesting an human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) 1‐related T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based amplification on DNA extracted from fresh tissue with specific oligonucleotide primers for HTLV‐1 DNA sequence. Histology showed interstitial infiltration and destruction of the parotid parenchyma by lymphoma cells without involvement of adjacent lymph nodes. Total body CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were negative for lymphadenopathy but showed liver metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HTLV‐1‐related primary parotid lymphoma as the initial presentation of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:333–337. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Synthesis of facial caricature using eigenspaces
Authors: Xu GuangZhe , Kaneko Masahide , Kurematsu Akira 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA facial caricature expresses features of an individual face compactly and effectively. It is used in newspapers, magazines, home pages, and also used to represent an anthropomorphic agent and so on. This paper presents a method of synthesizing a caricature having higher flexibility in controlling individual shape features of various parts of a face, as well as features of arrangements and inclines of these parts. Firstly, an eigenspace is calculated for contour shape of each facial part such as the eyebrows, eyes, and mouth. In addition, an eigenspace for arrangements of various facial parts is obtained. Next, differences of the shapes and arrangements of the facial parts with the average face are calculated and then the orthogonal expansion to the basis vectors (eigenvectors) is carried out on these differences. Magnifying powers are determined according to the coefficients obtained by the orthogonal expansion and an emphasizing procedure is performed on eigenvectors. The difference between the slope of each facial part of the average face and that of an input face is emphasized using a quadratic function. A final caricature can be obtained by adding the average shape, average arrangement and average slope to these results. The effectiveness of the proposed caricature synthesis method is verified by subjective evaluation tests on synthesized facial caricatures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(2): 65–76, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20088
Improvement of levitation characteristics in a magnetic bearing system using HTSC‐permanent magnet hybrid structure
Authors: Ohashi Shunsuke 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMagnetic bearing using pinning force of a permanent magnet and a high‐temperature superconductor has been developed. Additional permanent magnet is introduced to increase the levitation force of the magnetic bearing. In this hybrid magnetic bearing system, levitation force is mainly given by the repulsive force of the permanent magnets, and stability for the lateral direction is given by pinning force of the superconductor.The experimental device is developed. A ring‐type superconductor and a bulk one are examined. Levitation characteristics of the hybrid magnetic bearing are measured. The bulk superconductor shows better characteristics of both levitation and lateral stability than the ring one. Levitation force of the hybrid system becomes about twice as large as that of the nonhybrid one. Although, the repulsive force of the permanent magnet decreases the lateral stability of the system, its influence becomes small by choosing an adequate position of the permanent magnets and the superconductor. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 71–77, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10350
A vision of an electric power architecture for the next generation
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshihiko , Yanabu Satoru 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSince the present hierarchical power grid structure and AC interface are mature and rigid, a new electric power system architecture is proposed here to save the earth by making use of renewable energy sources. The architecture consists of a new concept and a historical technology, that is, a network of many “electric clusters” with a DC interface. The cluster includes dispersed electric power generators, electric appliances, electric storage, and “electric power routers.” The router is equipment to resourcefully route electrical energy between neighboring clusters and to manage electrical energy in the cluster. The transfers of electrical energy (between clusters and within clusters) and the generation of electricity from renewal energy sources (such as sunlight, wind, tides, and biogas) are intermittent and have very wide dynamic ranges, so that the interface must make use of DC. When we achieve an energy society with this architecture, we will be able to reduce energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and materials use. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 18–25, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20039
PTEN permits acute increases in D3‐phosphoinositide levels following TCR stimulation but inhibits distal signaling events by reducing the basal activity of Akt
Authors: Seminario Maria‐Cristina , Precht Patricia , Bunnell Stephen C. , Warren Sarah E. , Morris Christa M. , Taub Dennis , Wange Ronald L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPhosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) is important in TCR signaling. PI3K generates phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5‐trisphosphate (PI‐3,4,5‐P3), which regulates membrane localization and/or activity of multiple signaling proteins. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) opposes PI3K, reversing this reaction. Maintaining the balance between these two enzymes is important for normal T cell function. Here we use the PTEN‐null Jurkat T cell line to address the role of PTEN in modulating proximal and distal TCR‐signaling events. PTEN expression at levels that restored low basal Akt phosphorylation (an indicator of PI‐3,4,5‐P3 levels), but which were not themselves cytotoxic, had minimal effect on TCR‐stimulated activation of phospholipase Cγ1 and Ca2+ flux, but reduced the duration of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) activation. Distal signaling events, including nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation, CD69 expression and IL‐2 production, were all inhibited by PTEN expression. Notably, PTEN did not block TCR‐stimulated PI‐3,4,5‐P3 accumulation. The effect of PTEN on distal TCR signaling events was strongly correlated with the loss of the constitutive Akt activation and glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3) inhibition that is typical of Jurkat cells, and could be reversed by expression of activated Akt or pharmacologic inhibition of GSK3. These results suggest that PTEN acts in T cells primarily to control basal PI‐3,4,5‐P3 levels, rather than opposing PI3K acutely during TCR stimulation.
A new species of BomareaMirbel, subgenus Wichuraea (M.Roem.) Baker (Alstroemeriaceae)
Authors: Hofreiter A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe subgenus Wichuraea of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) was recently revised by Hofreiter & Tillich (2003). A new species, Bomarea peruviana Hofreiter, sp. nova, was col‐lected by Weigend et al. in Peru in the Departments Ancash and Cajamarca. The new species belongs to the Glaucescens (Northern) group within Wichuraea. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Functional principal component analysis of fMRI data
Authors: Viviani Roberto , Grön Georg , Spitzer Manfred 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe describe a principal component analysis (PCA) method for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data based on functional data analysis, an advanced nonparametric approach. The data delivered by the fMRI scans are viewed as continuous functions of time sampled at the interscan interval and subject to observational noise, and are used accordingly to estimate an image in which smooth functions replace the voxels. The techniques of functional data analysis are used to carry out PCA directly on these functions. We show that functional PCA is more effective than is its ordinary counterpart in recovering the signal of interest, even if limited or no prior knowledge of the form of hemodynamic function or the structure of the experimental design is specified. We discuss the rationale and advantages of the proposed approach relative to other exploratory methods, such as clustering or independent component analysis, as well as the differences from methods based on expanded design matrices. Hum Brain Mapp 24:109–129, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of PRIP‐1, a novel Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding protein, in Ins(1,4,5)P3‐mediated Ca2+ signaling
Authors: Harada Kae , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Oike Masahiro , Matsuda Miho , Kanematsu Takashi , Yagisawa Hitoshi , Nakayama Kei‐ichi I. , Maeda Katsumasa , Erneux Christophe , Hirata Masato 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPRIP‐1 was isolated as a novel inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] binding protein with a domain organization similar to phospholipase C‐δ1 (PLC‐δ1) but lacking the enzymatic activity. Further studies revealed that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of PRIP‐1 is the region responsible for binding Ins(1,4,5)P3. In this study we aimed to clarify the role of PRIP‐1 at the physiological concentration in Ins(1,4,5)P3‐mediated Ca2+ signaling, as we had previously used COS‐1 cells overexpressing PRIP‐1 (Takeuchi et al., 2000, Biochem J 349:357–368). For this purpose we employed PRIP‐1 knock out (PRIP‐1−/−) mice generated previously (Kanematsu et al., 2002, EMBO J 21:1004–1011). The increase in free Ca2+ concentration in response to purinergic receptor stimulation was lower in primary cultured cortical neurons prepared from PRIP‐1−/− mice than in those from wild type mice. The relative amounts of [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 measured in neurons labeled with [3H]inositol was also lower in cells from PRIP‐1−/− mice. In contrast, PLC activities in brain cortex samples from PRIP‐1−/− mice were not different from those in the wild type mice, indicating that the hydrolysis of Ins(1,4,5)P3 is enhanced in cells from PRIP‐1−/− mice. In vitro analyses revealed that type1 inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatase physically interacted with a PH domain of PRIP‐1 (PRIP‐1PH) and its enzyme activity was inhibited by PRIP‐1PH. However, physical interaction with these two proteins did not appear to be the reason for the inhibition of enzyme activity, indicating that binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to the PH domain prevented its hydrolyzation. Together, these results indicate that PRIP‐1 plays an important role in regulating the Ins(1,4,5)P3‐mediated Ca2+ signaling by modulating type1 inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatase activity through binding to Ins(1,4,5)P3. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corticotropin‐releasing hormone induces keratinocyte differentiation in the adult human epidermis
Authors: Zbytek Blazej , Slominski Andrzej T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPreviously we documented that human epidermis exclusively expresses corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRH‐R1). To define the role of CRH in the epidermis, we investigated its effects on differentiation of normal human adult epidermal keratinocytes. Thus, CRH inhibited proliferation in a dose dependent fashion and significantly decreased Ki‐67 antigen expression. This effect was independent of either the presence or the absence of growth factors in the medium. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that CRH inhibited the transition from G0/1 to S phase of the cell cycle, which was accompanied by an increased expression of cdk inhibitor p16 (Ink4a) protein. The antiproliferative effect was attenuated by protein kinase C inhibitor (GF109203X) but not by H89 (protein kinase A inhibitor), PD98059, or SB203580 (MAP kinase inhibitors). The cell cycle withdrawal was associated with the induction of keratinocyte differentiation. Thus, CRH stimulated the expression of cytokeratin 1 and involucrin, and inhibited cytokeratin 14 on both mRNA and protein levels. It also increased cell granularity and cell size. Furthermore, CRH induced signal transduction cascade that included stimulation of inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate, which was time and dose dependent. CRH also increased activator protein‐1 DNA binding activity with JunD identified as the most important element. Thus, activation of CRH‐R1 induces a non‐random and sequential signal transduction cascade governing both keratinocyte differentiation and the inhibition of cell proliferation through G0/1 arrest. We propose that this program, triggered by CRH interaction with CRH‐R1, includes induction of a transduction pathway involving the sequential activation of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, activator protein‐1 (including Jun D), and p16. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for linkage position determination in known feruloylated mono‐ and disaccharides using electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Quéméner Bernard , Ralet Marie‐Christine 
Published: October 2004

AbstractVarious feruloylated arabinose‐ and galactose‐containing mono‐ and disaccharides with known linkage configurations (2‐O‐(trans‐feruloyl)‐L‐arabinopyranose, 5‐O‐(trans‐feruloyl)‐L‐arabinofuranose, O‐[2‐O‐(trans‐feruloyl)‐α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl]‐(1→5)‐L‐arabinofuranose, and O‐[6‐O‐(trans‐feruloyl)‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl]‐(1→4)‐D‐galactopyranose) were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using an ion trap or a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) mass analyzer. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments using the two mass analyzers generated similar tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. However, the ester‐bond cleavage ions were more abundant using the Q‐TOF mass analyzer. Compared with the positive ion mode, the negative ion mode produces simpler and more useful CID product‐ion patterns. For arabinose‐containing feruloylated compounds, results obtained with both analyzers show that it is possible to assign the location of the feruloyl group to the O‐2 or O‐5 of arabinosyl residues. In the characterization of the 2‐O‐feruloyl and 5‐O‐feruloyl linkages, the relative abundance of the cross‐ring fragment ions at m/z 265 (−60 u or −62 u after 18O‐labelling) and at m/z 217 (−108 u or −110 u after 18O‐labelling) play a relevant role. For galactose‐containing feruloylated compounds, losses of 60, 90 and 120 Da observed in MS3 experiment correspond to the production of 0, 2A1, 0, 3A1 and (0, 2A1 − 60 Da) cross‐ring cleavage ions, respectively, fixing the location of feruloyl group at the O‐6 of the galactose residue. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preconditioning enhances the expression of mitochondrial antioxidant thioredoxin‐2 in the forebrain of rats exposed to severe hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Stroev Serguei A. , Gluschenko Tatjana S. , Tjulkova Ekaterina I. , Spyrou Giannis , Rybnikova Elena A. , Samoilov Michail O. , Pelto‐Huikko Markku 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe impact of severe hypoxia and preconditioning on the expression of the mitochondrial antioxidant thioredoxin‐2 (Trx‐2) in rat hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3 fields, and dentate gyrus) and neocortex was studied by immunocytochemistry. The preconditioning consisted of three trials of mild hypobaric hypoxia (360 Torr, 2 hr) spaced at 24 hr. The last trial was followed by severe hypobaric hypoxia (180 Torr, 3 hr) 24 hr later. Both in hippocampus and in neocortex, severe hypobaric hypoxia resulted in enhanced Trx‐2 expression at 3 hr, followed by a slight decline in Trx‐2 levels, which nevertheless remained increased at 24 hr elsewhere except for the CA1 region. The preconditioning considerably augmented severe hypoxia‐induced Trx‐2 immunoreactivity, affecting both the number of immunoreactive cells and the intensity of immunostaining. The findings suggest a role for Trx‐2 in the formation of brain hypoxic/ischemic tolerance accomplished by the preconditioning. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.