bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPLC‐UV/PAD and HPLC‐MSn analyses of leaf and root extracts of Vismia guineensis and isolation and identiﬁcation of two new bianthrones
Authors: Politi M. , Sanogo R. , Ndjoko K. , Guilet D. , Wolfender J.‐L. , Hostettmann K. , Morelli I. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn order to evaluate the possible use of the leaves instead of the roots of Vismia guineensis as a new source for the traditional use of this drug, the chemical composition of both organs were compared by HPLC‐UV/PAD and HPLC‐MS analyses. The leaves are analysed here for the ﬁrst time. The results show the presence of ﬁve major classes of secondary metabolites having speciﬁc chromophores: anthraquinones, vismiones, ﬂavonoids, xanthones and benzophenones. The molecular weights and characteristic fragments, compared with previous EI or HPLC‐MS literature data, allowed the partial identiﬁcation of the major peaks in the chromatograms. Six additional isomeric bianthrones and one anthraquinone were detected in the dichloromethane extract of the roots after long storage in solution; the targeted isolation of the bianthrones was performed and enabled the identiﬁcation of two original C‐geranyl derivatives. The chemical compositions of the extracts demonstrated that only a minority of the constituents is shared by both organs. Thus, in order to establish a deﬁnitive phytoequivalence, additional pharmacological investigations are required. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides with [Rh(BisP*)]+ catalyst: Model DFT study
Authors: Li Ming , Tang Dianyong , Luo Xiaoling , Shen Wei 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe potential energy profile for the [Rh(R,R)‐Et‐BisP*]+‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral enamides, α‐acetamidoacrylonitrile, was studied by the nonlocal density functional method (B3LYP). As illustrated, this hydrogenation is exothermic and goes mainly through association of [Rh(R,R)‐Et‐BisP*]+ with α‐acetamidoacrylonitrile, oxidative addition of hydrogen, migratory insertion of an olefin carbon into a RhH bond, reductive elimination of the CH bond from the alkyl hydride, and dissociation of product–catalyst adducts with regeneration of the catalyst. The turnover‐limiting step for this reaction is the oxidative addition of hydrogen. The main product predicted theoretically is the R‐conformer. Our results are consistent with available empirical data and experiments for rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Experimental study of the effect of turbulence on a section model blade oscillating in stall
Authors: Amandolèse X. , Széchényi E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article highlights part of the recent static and dynamic section model tests performed on a NACA 634_421 aerofoil for Reynolds numbers close to 106 and three flow turbulence levels, 1·1%, 4·5% and 7·5%. These tests were conducted in the 5 m × 3 m S4 wind tunnel at the Institut AéroTechnique, using an experimental rig which forces the section model to oscillate in pitch. An upwind grid was used to generate the higher turbulence intensities characterized by turbulence length scales smaller than the chord of the aerofoil. The aerofoil's static characteristics were measured at angles of attack ranging from 0° to 30°. In the dynamic tests the aerofoil was made to oscillate in pitch around its fore quarter‐chord line at different values of mean angle of attack (below, in and beyond the static stall region), reduced frequency (ranging from 0·0183 to 0·183) and amplitude of motion (from 2° to 8°). For all tests the aerodynamic loads were obtained through unsteady surface pressure measurements. The unsteady lift, pitching moment and pressure distributions are analysed and the effects of both the motion characteristics and the turbulence level of the incident flow are highlighted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postoperative mobilization of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Letterstål Anna , Sandström Veronica , Olofsson Pär , Forsberg Christina 
Published: November 2004

Aim.  This paper reports on a study which aimed to evaluate the effects of structured written preoperative information on patients’ postoperative psychological and physical wellbeing after surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Background.  The possible benefits of current booklets written by professionals on postoperative psychological and physical wellbeing in patients with AAA are unknown. Previous studies have shown that preoperative information has a favourable effect on both mood state and physical mobilization.Method.  Fifty‐two patients admitted for elective repair of AAA were selected consecutively and randomized to receive only verbal (control group), or verbal and written information in booklet form (experimental group). The booklet contained procedural and sensory information about the disease and its treatment. Two questionnaires were used to establish whether the booklet had any effect on perceived health, psychological and physical wellbeing postoperatively.Results.  The two groups were similar regarding their perceived health but differed significantly regarding psychological wellbeing pre‐ and postoperatively. Patients in the experimental group were significantly sadder both pre‐ and postoperatively compared with those in the control group. Both groups were similar in postoperative physical wellbeing.Conclusion.  This group of patients often has asymptomatic disease, with a short interval between diagnosis and major surgery. When patients receive an information booklet during this period, this seems to cause more worries than anticipated. Hence, a more supportive educational programme might benefit this patient group, both pre‐ and postoperatively.
Grounded theory: reflections on the emergence vs. forcing debate
Authors: Boychuk Duchscher Judy E. , Morgan Debra 
Published: November 2004

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to compare Glaser's model of theory generation, where theory rises directly and rigorously out of the data, devoid of interpretivism, to Strauss's conceptually descriptive approach that encourages directive questioning and supports an interpretive stance.Background.  The discovery of grounded theory (GT) was born out of a merger between Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, the proverbial ‘fathers’ of GT. Since the co‐creation of their approach to theory development through research in 1967, these scholars have taken seemingly divergent paths in further developing and evolving the pragmatic use of GT.Discussion.  Numerous researchers have used GT as a general method, applying it to both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. In this paper we discuss the stages and strategies of data sampling, collection, coding and analysing used by both Glaser and Strauss. Constant comparative analysis is identified as the primary strategy in the integrated coding and analysing stages of this theorizing method, regardless of the researcher's philosophical or research orientation. We also discuss initial or open coding, advanced coding, memoing, and theoretical sampling, with particular attention to comparing and contrasting the descriptive terms and application strategies that have been suggested by both Glaser and Strauss.Conclusion.  The reported distinctions in the approach, method, and general intent of GT reflected in this paper are not easy to comprehend. The two methods reflect different basic philosophical paradigms, and therefore represent distinct approaches to GT. Researchers need to be clear about which philosophy and resulting analysis approach they are using, and the effect that approach will have on the research process and outcomes.
In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos within their ovules
Authors: Sauer Michael , Friml Jiří 
Published: November 2004

SummaryEmbryogenesis of flowering plants establishes a basic body plan with apical–basal, radial and bilateral patterns from the single‐celled zygote. Arabidopsis embryogenesis exhibits a nearly invariant cell division pattern and therefore is an ideal system for studies of early plant development. However, plant embryos are difficult to access for experimental manipulation, as they develop deeply inside maternal tissues. Here we present a method for the culture of zygotic Arabidopsis embryos in vitro. The technique omits excision of the embryo by culturing the entire ovule, thus greatly facilitating the time and effort involved. It enables external manipulation of embryo development and culture from the earliest developmental stages up to maturity. Administration of various chemical treatments as well as the use of different molecular markers is demonstrated together with standard techniques for visualizing gene expression and protein localization in in vitro cultivated embryos. The presented set of techniques allows for so far unavailable molecular physiology approaches in the study of early plant development.
Mutation of a UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase alters nematode susceptibility and ethylene responses in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Wubben Martin J.E. , Rodermel Steven R. , Baum Thomas J. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryIn Arabidopsis, mutation of RHD1, a UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase, causes root‐specific phenotypes, including hypersusceptibility to the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, increased root hair elongation, decreased root length, and root epidermal bulging. Previous experiments suggested that increased ethylene sensitivity or production mediated the rhd1‐4 phenotypes. In the present study, double mutant analyses revealed that only rhd1‐4 hypersusceptibility to H. schachtii and increased root hair elongation were dependent upon the ethylene signaling genes EIN2 and EIN3 but not upon ethylene signaling mediated by the auxin efflux carrier EIR1. In contrast, the rhd1‐4 short root and root epidermal bulging phenotypes did not require EIN2, EIN3, or EIR1. A time‐course analysis of RHD1 transcript levels in wild‐type plants treated with the ethylene precursor 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid showed a root‐specific downregulation of RHD1 expression by ethylene. This observation was corroborated by our finding of increased RHD1 transcript levels in roots of the ethylene‐insensitive mutants etr1 and ein2. In addition to ethylene, auxin strongly influences H. schachtii susceptibility and root hair elongation. Therefore, we investigated the sensitivity of rhd1‐4 roots to indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA). Equivalent IAA concentrations caused a greater reduction in rhd1‐4 root elongation compared with wild‐type roots. Finally, H. schachtii parasitism was found to strongly downregulate RHD1 expression in the root 3 days after inoculation. We conclude that RHD1 is a likely target of root‐specific negative regulation by ethylene and that loss of RHD1 function results in a heightened sensitivity of root tissues to both ethylene and auxin.
Le profil des membres et des non membres des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda: le cas du district sanitaire de Kabutare
Authors: Musango Laurent , Dujardin Bruno , Dramaix Michèle , Criel Bart 
Published: November 2004

RésuméLe Rwanda a retenu la mise en place des mutuelles de santé dans ses priorités. Des expériences pilotes ont été lancées dans trois districts du pays. Quatre ans durant (1999–2003), le taux d'adhésion de la population à ces systèmes est resté relativement faible (15,6%). Une étude transversale de 1 042 ménages dans le district sanitaire de Kabutare nous a permis de comparer les caractéristiques socio‐économiques et démographiques, les antécédents médicaux, chirurgicaux et gynéco‐obstétriques des membres et des non membres de la mutuelle développée dans le district. Il ressort de l’étude que les membres et les non membres sont comparables en termes de sexe, ètat civil, statut professionnel et antécédents de maladie. Les ménages de grande taille (>5 personnes) et ceux ayant un revenu relativement plus élevé (>230 $ EU/an) adhèrent plus. Les membres de la mutuelle utilisent plus les services de santé que les non membres, dépensent moins pour leurs soins de santé et se fidélisent à la mutuelle au fil des années. L’étude plaide en faveur de la poursuite de ces systèmes de mutualisation du risque maladie, tout en rèfléchissant à la mise en place de mécanismes qui permettront aux pauvres d'adhérer.
Cultural concepts of tuberculosis and gender among the general population without tuberculosis in rural Maharashtra, India
Authors: Atre Sachin R. , Kudale Abhay M. , Morankar Sudhakar N. , Rangan Sheela G. , Weiss Mitchell G. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryGender‐specific patterns of experience, meaning, and behaviour for tuberculosis (TB) require consideration to guide control programmes. To clarify concepts of gender, culture, and TB in a rural endemic population of Maharashtra, India, this study of 80 men and 80 women employed qualitative and quantitative methods of cultural epidemiology, using a locally adapted semi‐structured Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) interviews are instruments for cultural epidemiological study of the distribution of illness‐related experiences, meanings, and behaviours. This interview queried respondents without active disease about vignettes depicting a man and woman with typical features of TB. Emotional and social symptoms were frequently reported for both vignettes, but more often considered most distressing for the female vignette; specified problems included arranging marriages, social isolation, and inability to care for children and family. Job loss and reduced income were regarded most troubling for the male vignette. Men and women typically identified sexual experience as the cause of TB for opposite‐sex vignettes. With wider access to information about TB, male respondents more frequently recommended allopathic doctors and specialty services. Discussion considers the practical significance of gender‐specific cultural concepts of TB.
Four‐year follow up of patients with untreated abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Aziz Maged , Hill Andrew A , Bourchier Russell 
Published: November 2004

Background:  The data in the literature are still controversial describing the outcome of patients not treated for a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) especially with significant comorbidities. We followed up patients trying to establish their long‐term outcome.Method:  Since 1998, we have prospectively followed all patients referred to our department with AAA. A retrospective analysis was carried out selecting all patients who had an AAA larger than 5 cm, and who declined or were declined for operative repair between February 1998 and November 2001.Results:  One hundred and eleven patients were included in the present study. There were 78 men and 33 women. The mean age was 80 years. At the end of the study, 65 patients (59%) were deceased. Ruptured aneurysm occurred in 27 patients (median time to rupture = 14 months) with one patient surviving an emergency repair. Thirty‐nine patients died from unrelated illnesses. In the 5−5.9 cm AAA group (n = 58), out of 31 deceased patients, five (16%) have died of ruptured AAA. In the 6 cm and larger AAA group (n = 53), out of 34 deceased patients, 21 (62%) have died of ruptured AAA. There was no significant difference in survival between patients with AAA below and above 6 cm in diameter (P = 0.15).Conclusion:  In the presence of significant comorbidities, most patients with AAA less than 6 cm died from unrelated illnesses. In the larger AAA group, the likelihood of death from AAA rupture or unrelated illnesses is almost equal.
Haemorrhagic complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Balachandran Palat , Sikora Sadiq S. , Raghavendra Rao Rachapoodi V. , Kumar Ashok , Saxena Rajan , Kapoor Vinay K. 
Published: November 2004

Background:  Haemorrhagic complication occurs in 5−16% of patients following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We report an analysis of patients with post‐PD bleed, to identify predictors of bleed, predictors of survival following bleed and the management of post‐PD bleed.Methods:  Two hundred and eighteen patients with periampullary cancers underwent PD from 1989 to 2002. Forty‐four (20.2%) patients had a bleeding complication. Of these, 25 patients had an intra‐abdominal (IA) bleed and 21 had gastrointestinal (GI) bleed (two had both IA and GI bleed). Clinical, biochemical and tumour characteristics were analysed to identify factors influencing bleeding complications.Results:  The median time to presentation was 4.5 days (0−21 days). Serum bilirubin (P = 0.000, OR: 1.090) and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) leak (P = 0.009, OR: 3.174) were significant independent factors predicting bleeding complications. Forty‐three per cent of patients each had early bleed (<48 h after PD) or delayed bleed (7 days after PD). Comparison of early and late bleeds showed that IA bleed (P = 0.02) presented as early bleeds. Male sex (P = 0.00) longer duration of jaundice (P = 0.02), PJ leak (P = 0.001), HJ leak (P = 0.001), duct to mucosa type of PJ anastomosis (P = 0.03) and IA abscess (P = 0.00) were associated with a significantly higher incidence of late bleeds. Overall mortality after PD was 9.6% with 34% and 3% in bleeders and non‐bleeders, respectively. Septicaemia (P = 0.01, OR: 5.49), and acute renal failure (P = 0.01) were associated with increased mortality.Conclusions:  Bleeding complications following PD were seen in one‐fifth of patients and were associated with high mortality. Serum bilirubin levels and PJ leak were significant factors associated with bleeding complications. Septicaemia and acute renal failure were significant factors associated with mortality in the bleeders.
Cardiac surgery in octogenarians
Authors: Ishikawa Susumu , Buxton Brian F. , Manson Narelle , Hadj Anthony , Seevanayagam Siven , Raman Jai S. , Rosalion Alexander , Morishita Yasuo 
Published: November 2004

Background:  Early and late results were studied in order to improve the indications for surgery in the elderly.Methods:  Two hundred and thirty‐seven patients aged 80 years or older underwent cardiac surgery between 1987 and 2001. The mean age of patients, which included 148 men and 89 women, was 82 years. Elective operations were performed in 194 patients and urgent or emergency operations in 43. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed in 104 patients, valve surgery in 60, CABG plus valve in 58, and other surgery in 15. Late results were obtained in 91% of patients, and the mean follow‐up period was 54 months.Results:  Operative mortality was 9% in total; 7% in CABG, 5% in valve, 10% in CABG plus valve. Operative mortality was significantly higher in the urgent/emergency group than in the elective group (25% vs 6%). The actuarial survival rate for hospital survivors at 60 months after surgery was 75% and the mean survival period 76 months. There were no significant differences among operations. Preoperatively 81% of the patients had been in New York Heart Association class III or IV, and 88% of survivors were in class I or II in the late period.Conclusions:  Early and late results for elective surgery in octogenarians are satisfactory. However, for urgent or emergent cases, there is a marked increase in morbidity and mortality.
Oestrogen receptors revisited: long‐term follow up of over five thousand breast cancer patients
Authors: Hähnel Roland , Spilsbury Katrina 
Published: November 2004

Background:  The oestrogen receptor status of a breast tumour predicts the response to hormonal treatment and is an important prognostic marker; women with oestrogen receptor positive tumours having a better short‐term survival outcome.Methods:  Kaplan−Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard model were used to estimate the association between oestrogen receptor levels and long‐term breast cancer‐specific survival outcomes in 5735 women diagnosed with breast carcinoma from 1970 to 1997 in Western Australia. Further analysis was performed on a subset of women for whom biochemical and tumour characteristics were also available.Results:  Five‐year breast cancer‐specific survival estimates for women with oestrogen receptor positive tumours was 0.85 (95% CI 0.84−86) compared to 0.72 (95% CI 0.70−74) for women with oestrogen receptor negative tumours. The relative survival advantage of an oestrogen positive tumour over oestrogen negative tumours disappeared by the fourth year (0.8, 95% CI 0.6−1.0). Conditional upon surviving 5 years, long‐term breast cancer‐specific survival was better for women with oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negative tumours compared to other women (log rank test P‐value <0.05).Conclusion:  Despite an earlier survival advantage for women diagnosed with oestrogen receptor positive tumours, after 5 years of survival, women with oestrogen receptor negative and progesterone receptor negative tumours had better long‐term survival outcomes from breast cancer compared to other women.
Efficiency of obliteration procedures in the surgical treatment of hydatid cyst of the liver
Authors: Akgun Yilmaz , Yilmaz Gulsen 
Published: November 2004

Background:  Hydatid cyst of the liver (HCL) is a parasitic infestation caused by several species of Echinococcus and is endemic in many sheep‐raising areas. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the value of clinical, physical and laboratory findings and to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic options in 250 patients with HCL.Methods:  Between January 1980 and December 1989, 148 patients with HCL were treated surgically, and surgical procedures performed were evaluated retrospectively. On the basis of these findings, a prospective study of 102 patients was initiated between January 1990 and December 1999.Results:  External drainage was performed in retrospective and prospective groups, respectively, in 110 and five patients, obliteration procedures in 31 and 82 and resectional procedures in seven and 15. While mean hospitalization time morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates were 16.2 ± 6.9 days, 37.8%, 2.0% and 6.7% in the retrospective group, these rates were decreased to 7.8 ± 3.5 days, 10.7%, 0.9% and 1.9%, respectively, in the prospective group. Overall morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates and median hospitalization time were 49.5%, 2.6%, 9.5% and 18.0 ± 7.4 days in external drainage group, 7.0%, 0% 0.8% and 8.5 ± 4.5 in obliteration procedures and 9.0%, 4.5%, 0% and 7.3 ± 1.9 resectional procedures, respectively.Conclusions:  External drainage should be performed only in infected HCL. Resection procedures are too radical and extensive for benign lesions. Obliteration procedures are simple and safe methods for the treatment of HCL, and they have low morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates.