bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the morphology of retinal vascular cells in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Middel Chiara Simone , Dietrich Nadine , Hammes Hans-Peter , Kroll Jens 
Published: October 2023

Background: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been established in recent years as a model organism to study Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Loss of endothelial cells and pericytes is an early hallmark sign of developing DR in the mammalian retina. However, morphology, numbers, ratios, and distributions of different vascular cells in the retinal compartment in zebrafish have not yet been analyzed and compared with the mammalian retina.Methods: The retinal trypsin digest protocol was established on the zebrafish retina. Cell types were identified using the Tg(nflk:EGFP)-reporter line. Cells were quantified using quantitative morphometry.Results: Vascular cells in the zebrafish retina have distinct morphologies and locations. Nuclei of vascular mural cells appear as long and flat nuclei located near the vessel wall. Round nuclei within the vessel walls can be identified as endothelial cells. The vessel diameter decreases from central to peripheral parts of the retina. Additionally, the numbers of vascular cells decrease from central to peripheral parts of the retina.Discussion: The retinal trypsin digest protocol, which can be applied to the zebrafish retina, provides novel insights into the zebrafish retinal vascular architecture. Quantification of the different cell types shows that, in comparison to the mammalian retina, zebrafish have higher numbers of mural cells and an increased mural cell to endothelial cell ratio. This protocol enables to quantify mural cell and endothelial cell numbers, is easily adaptable to different transgenic and mutant zebrafish lines and will enable investigators to compare novel models on a single cell level.
The TRH test provides valuable information in the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism in patients with known pituitary disease and low T4 levels
Authors: Christensen Sara Ellegaard , Smith Liv Norma , Rosendal Christian Alexander H. , Gulisano Helga Angela , Ettrup Kåre Schmidt , Vestergaard Peter , Nielsen Eigil Husted , Karmisholt Jesper Scott , Dal Jakob 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test in the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism (CH) in patients with pituitary disease.MethodsSystematic evaluation of 359 TRH tests in patients with pituitary disease including measurements of thyroxine (T4), TBG-corrected T4 (T4corr), baseline TSH (TSH0) and relative or absolute TSH increase (TSHfold, TSHabsolute).ResultsPatients diagnosed with CH (n=39) show comparable TSH0 (p-value 0.824) but lower T4corr (p-value &lt;0.001) and lower TSH increase (p-value &lt;0.001) compared to patients without CH. In 54% (42 of 78 cases) of patients with low T4corr, the CH diagnosis was rejected based on a high TSHfold. In these cases, a spontaneous increase and mean normalization in T4corr (from 62 to 73 nmol/L, p-value &lt;0.001) was observed during the follow-up period (7.6 ± 5.0 years). Three of the 42 patients (7%) were started on replacement therapy due to spontaneous deterioration of thyroid function after 2.8 years. Patients diagnosed with CH reported significantly more symptoms of hypothyroidism (p-value 0.005), although, symptoms were reported in most patients with pituitary disease. The TRH test did not provide clinical relevant information in patients with normal T4 or patients awaiting pituitary surgery (78%, 281 of 359). There were only mild and reversible adverse effects related to the TRH test except for possibly one case (0.3%) experiencing a pituitary apoplexy.ConclusionThe TRH test could be reserved to patients with pituitary disease, low T4 levels without convincing signs of CH. Approximately 50% of patients with a slightly decreased T4 were considered to have normal pituitary thyroid function based on the TRH test results.
A phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor reduces lung inflammation and fibrosis in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Kolloli Afsal , Ramasamy Santhamani , Kumar Ranjeet , Nisa Annuurun , Kaplan Gilla , Subbian Selvakumar 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involves pulmonary inflammation that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of lung damage/fibrosis in patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is no efficacious therapy available to alleviate lung fibrosis in COVID-19 cases. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the effect of CC-11050, a small molecule phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in dampening lung inflammation and fibrosis in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsFollowing intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2/WA- 1/2000 strain, hamsters were treated with CC-11050 or placebo by gavage from day-1 until day-16 post-infection (dpi). Animals were monitored for body weight changes, virus titers, histopathology, fibrotic remodeling, cellular composition in the lungs between 2 and 16 dpi.ResultsWe observed significant reduction in lung viral titer with concomitant reduction in inflammation and fibrotic remodeling in CC-11050 treated hamsters compared to untreated animals. The reductions in immunopathologic manifestations were associated with significant downregulation of inflammatory and fibrotic remodeling gene expression, reduced infiltration of activated monocytes, granulocytes, and reticular fibroblasts in CC-11050 treated animals. Cellular studies indicate a link between TNF-α and fibrotic remodeling during CC-11050 therapy.DiscussionThese findings suggest that CC-11050 may be a potential host-directed therapy to dampen inflammation and fibrosis in COVID-19 cases.
Medication only improves limb movements while deep brain stimulation improves eye and limb movements during visually-guided reaching in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Munoz Miranda J. , Arora Rishabh , Rivera Yessenia M. , Drane Quentin H. , Pal Gian D. , Verhagen Metman Leo , Sani Sepehr B. , Rosenow Joshua M. , Goelz Lisa C. , Corcos Daniel M. , David Fabian J. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundAntiparkinson medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS), two common treatments of Parkinson’s disease (PD), effectively improve skeletomotor movements. However, evidence suggests that these treatments may have differential effects on eye and limb movements, although both movement types are controlled through the parallel basal ganglia loops.ObjectiveUsing a task that requires both eye and upper limb movements, we aimed to determine the effects of medication and STN-DBS on eye and upper limb movement performance.MethodsParticipants performed a visually-guided reaching task. We collected eye and upper limb movement data from participants with PD who were tested both OFF and ON medication (n = 34) or both OFF and ON bilateral STN-DBS while OFF medication (n = 11). We also collected data from older adult healthy controls (n = 14).ResultsWe found that medication increased saccade latency, while having no effect on reach reaction time (RT). Medication significantly decreased saccade peak velocity, while increasing reach peak velocity. We also found that bilateral STN-DBS significantly decreased saccade latency while having no effect on reach RT, and increased saccade and reach peak velocity. Finally, we found that there was a positive relationship between saccade latency and reach RT, which was unaffected by either treatment.ConclusionThese findings show that medication worsens saccade performance and benefits reaching performance, while STN-DBS benefits both saccade and reaching performance. We explore what the differential beneficial and detrimental effects on eye and limb movements suggest about the potential physiological changes occurring due to treatment.
Evaluation of sustainable and healthy eating behaviors and adherence to the planetary health diet index in Turkish adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Macit-Çelebi Melahat Sedanur , Bozkurt Osman , Kocaadam-Bozkurt Betul , Köksal Eda 
Published: October 2023

AimThe Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) is a relatively new index, and studies about its relationship with eating behaviors, nutritional status, and obesity in adults are very limited. For this reason, in this study, sustainable healthy eating behaviors of individuals and compliance of their diets with PHDI were evaluated.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,112 adults (70.1% women and 29.9% men with mean age = 28.7 years, SE = 9.47). Study data were obtained with the face-to-face interview method via a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, the Sustainable and Healthy Eating (SHE) Behaviors Scale, and 24-h dietary recall. PHDI was evaluated for adherence to EAT-Lancet Commission recommendations.ResultsThe average PHDI total score was 41.5 points. Higher SHE Behaviors Scale and PHDI scores were observed in participants with a duration of education above 8 years (p &lt; 0.05). Those with lower SHE Behaviors Scale and PHDI scores were more likely to be obese (p &lt; 0.001). The total PHDI score was positively associated with fiber, vitamin E, potassium, and folate, and negatively associated with pyridoxine and calcium (p &lt; 0.05). The total SHE Behaviors Scale score was positively associated with carbohydrates, fiber, and potassium and negatively associated with pyridoxine, calcium, and energy (p &lt; 0.05). A one-unit increase in SHE Behaviors Scale total score resulted in a 5,530 unit (95%CI: 4.652; 6.407) increase in PHDI total score and a one-unit increase in duration of education (years) resulted in a 0.660 unit (95%CI: 0.403; 0.918) increase in PHDI total score. Furthermore, a one-unit increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) resulted in a − 0.218 unit (95%CI: −0.424; −0.013) decrease in PHDI total score.ConclusionThe participants’ PHDI index scores were low; therefore, the adherence to the EAT-Lancet recommendation was low which might be associated with obesity. Clinical studies evaluating the effects of adherence to sustainable diets on adequate and balanced nutrition and health outcomes are recommended.
Hypogravity modeling of upper extremities: an investigation of manual handling in the workplace
Authors: Maillard Tatiana 
Published: October 2023

Experiments on the lower limbs are the only approaches being used to study how hypogravity (HG) (0 &lt; g &lt; 1, e.g., Moon: 1/6 g, Mars: 3/8 g) affects human movement. The goal of this study was to expand this field experimentally by investigating the effect of HG on the upper extremities during one-handed manual handling tasks in a sitting posture: static weight holding with an outstretched arm, and slow repetitive weight lifting and lowering motions. The hypothesis was that while completing static and dynamic tasks with elements of repetition in HG, the upper body’s tilt (angle regarding the vertical axis) would change differently from Earth’s gravity. Specifically, upper arm and spine angles, joint torques, and forces were investigated. Twenty-four healthy participants aged 33.6 ± 8.2 years were involved in the trial. Joint angles were examined using vision-based 3D motion analysis. According to this investigation, there is a correlation between a body tilting backward and a gravity level reduction (p &lt; 0.01). Thus, HG causes postural deviation, and this shows that workplace design must be adapted according to the level of gravity to promote comfortable and balanced body alignment, minimizing stress on muscles and joints. To lower the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), enhance overall performance, and increase job satisfaction, proper support systems and restrictions for sitting positions should be taken into account, concerning different levels of gravity.
Potential efficacy of dopaminergic antidepressants in treatment resistant anergic-anhedonic depression results of the chronic anergic-anhedonic depression open trial – CADOT
Authors: Dormegny-Jeanjean Ludovic Christophe , de Billy Clément , Mainberger Olivier , Weibel Sébastien , Schorr Benoit , Obrecht Alexandre , Landré Lionel , Berna Fabrice , Causin Jean-Baptiste , Blanc Frederic , Danila Vlad , Tomsa Mihaela , Pfleger Geraldine , Meyer Camille , Humbert Ilia , Javelot Hervé , Meyer Guillaume , Bertschy Gilles , Foucher Jack Rene 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionAmong treatment-resistant depression (TRD), we identified anergic-anhedonic clinical presentations (TRAD) as putatively responsive to pro-dopaminergic strategies. Based on the literature, non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and dopamine D2 receptor agonists (D2RAG) were sequentially introduced, frequently under the coverage of a mood stabilizer. This two-step therapeutic strategy will be referred to as the Dopaminergic Antidepressant Therapy Algorithm (DATA). We describe the short and long-term outcomes of TRAD managed according to DATA guidelines.MethodOut of 52 outpatients with TRAD treated with DATA in a single expert center, 48 were included in the analysis [severity – QIDS (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology) = 16 ± 3; episode duration = 4.1 ± 2.7 years; Thase and Rush resistance stage = 2.9 ± 0.6; functioning – GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) = 41 ± 8]. These were followed-up for a median (1st – 3rd quartile) of 4 (1–9) months before being prescribed the first dopaminergic treatment and remitters were followed up 21 (11–33) months after remission.ResultsAt the end of DATA step 1, 25 patients were in remission (QIDS &lt;6; 52% [38–66%]). After DATA step 2, 37 patients were in remission (77% [65–89%]) to whom 5 patients with a QIDS score = 6 could be added (88% [78–97%]). Many of these patients felt subjectively remitted (GAF = 74 ± 10). There was a significant benefit to combining MAOI with D2RAG which was maintained for at least 18 months in 30 patients (79% [62–95%]).ConclusionThese results support TRAD sensitivity to pro-dopaminergic interventions. However, some clinical heterogeneities remain in our sample and suggest some improvement in the description of dopamine-sensitive form(s).
Autism symptoms, functional impairments, and gaze fixation measured using an eye-tracker in 6-year-old children
Authors: Mori Toko , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Harada Taeko , Nakayasu Chikako , Okumura Akemi , Nishimura Tomoko , Katayama Taiichi , Endo Masayuki 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder clinically characterized by abnormalities in eye contact during social exchanges. We aimed to clarify whether the amount of gaze fixation, measured at the age of 6 years using Gazefinder, which is an established eye-tracking device, is associated with ASD symptoms and functioning.MethodsThe current study included 742 participants from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort Study. Autistic symptoms were evaluated according to the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2), and the functioning of the participating children in real life was assessed using the Japanese version of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS-II). The Gazefinder system was used for gaze fixation rates; two areas of interest (eyes and mouth) were defined in a talking movie clip, and eye gaze positions were calculated through corneal reflection techniques.ResultsThe participants had an average age of 6.06 ± 0.14 years (males: 384; 52%). According to ADOS, 617 (83%) children were assessed as having none/mild ASD and 51 (7%) as severe. The average VABS-II scores were approximately 100 (standard deviation = 12). A higher gaze fixation rate on the eyes was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of the child being assigned to the severe ADOS group after controlling for covariates (odds ratio [OR], 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002–0.38). The gaze fixation rate on the mouth was not associated with ASD symptoms. A higher gaze fixation rate on the mouth was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of the child being assigned to the low score group in VABS-II socialization after controlling for covariates (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04–0.85). The gaze fixation rate on the eyes was not associated with functioning.ConclusionWe found that children with low gaze fixation rates on the eyes were likely to have more ASD symptoms, and children with low gaze fixation rates on the mouth were likely to demonstrate poorer functioning in socialization. Hence, preschool children could be independently assessed in the general population for clinically relevant endophenotypes predictive of ASD symptoms and functional impairments.
Effect of Annual Influenza Vaccination on the Risk of Lung Cancer Among Patients With Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Jong Hung-Chang , Zheng Jing-Quan , Zheng Cai-Mei , Lin Cheng-Hsin , Chiu Chun-Chih , Hsu Min-Huei , Fang Yu-Ann , Hao Wen-Rui , Chen Chun-Chao , Yang Tsung Yeh , Lee Kang-Yun , Liu Ju-Chi 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Lung cancer is a main contributor to all newly diagnosed cancers worldwide. The chemoprotective effect of the influenza vaccine among patients with hypertension remains unclear.Methods: A total of 37,022 patients with hypertension were retrospectively enrolled from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. These patients were further divided into a vaccinated group (n = 15,697) and an unvaccinated group (n = 21,325).Results: After adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities, medications, level of urbanization and monthly income, vaccinated patients had a significantly lower risk of lung cancer occurrence than unvaccinated patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–0.67). A potential protective effect was observed for both sexes and in the elderly age group. With a greater total number of vaccinations, a potentially greater protective effect was observed (aHR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.95; aHR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53–0.82; aHR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.19–0.36, after receiving 1, 2–3 and ≥4 vaccinations, respectively).Conclusion: Influenza vaccination was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer among patients with hypertension. The potentially chemoprotective effect appeared to be dose dependent.
Vacinas para Candidíase: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Oliveira Isabella Eduarda de Godoy , Prieto Samara Tostes Peixoto , Almeida Luiza Rocha Lima , Cardoso Maria Luiza Santos , Carneiro Bárbara Souto de Gomes , Do Amaral Victor Machado , Martins Letícia Teixeira , Sampaio Marcella Vilela , Borges Maria Eduarda de Almeida 
Published: October 2023

A candidíase é uma doença micótica que pode se manifestar em três tipos diferentes: mucocutânea, cutânea e sistêmica. Nesse viés, ela é capaz de causar vulvovaginites nas mulheres, cursando com quadro de prurido, hiperemia e ardor, o que traz muito desconforto e portanto, faz-se necessário meios de tratamento eficazes. Dessa forma, do material pesquisado e lido nas bases de dados, foram selecionados 13 artigos, entre os anos de 2001 a 2023, que trouxeram conteúdos pertinentes para o cumprimento dos objetivos, da relevância e da atualidade do presente estudo. Assim, a vacina concentra-se na utilização de proteínas recombinantes expressas na superfície fúngica, tais como CWPs ou proteínas de adesão tipo aglutinação (Als), que são frequentemente visadas pelas respostas de memória adaptativas mais fortes. Estes são Als1 e Als3, esta última induziu uma resposta de anticorpos e uma taxa de sobrevivência mais elevada em comparação com a vacina Als1 e foi mais eficaz do que a Als1 em um modelo murino de candidíase orofaríngea e vaginal. Nesse sentido, é crucial o entendimento sobre a doença e como o agente causador se comporta para o desenvolvimento dos sintomas, estabelecendo um diagnóstico mais coerente e juntamente uma maior efetividade do tratamento com consequente diminuição na incidência da CVVR (candidíase vulvovaginal recorrente ) e uma diminuição nas taxas de resistência aos agentes antifúngicos.
دور الاردن في مؤتمرات القمة العربية
Authors: Al.Sharah Mohammad K. , Barakat Nizam M. 
Published: October 2023

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسه بيان مدى مساهمة الأردن في قرارات مؤتمرات القمة العربية وتأثير هذه القرارات عليه.
المنهجية: لتحقيق اهداف الدراسه استخدم الباحث مجموعه من المناهج التاليه: المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من اجل تشخيص مشكله البحث وعمل تقرير خصائص هذه المؤتمرات وتحليل الانتقادات التي وجهت لها، منهج صنع القرار من خلال متابعة الإشكاليات الخاصة باتخاذ القرارات في المؤتمر، منهج تحليل النظم في دراسة مدخلات البيئة العربية على سبب انعقاد المؤتمرات ومخرجاتها كقرارات وسياسات، وأخيرا المنهج التاريخي لمتابعة تطور مؤتمرات القمة زمانيًا لبيان التطورات التي حدثت على مسيرة القمة وتنامي دور الأردن الفعال للالتزام بمقررات القمة العربية وإجراء المصالحات وحل الخلافات العربية والسعي للاستجابة والتفاعل مع المتغيرات العربية والدولية.
النتائج: في النهايه قدمت الدراسة مجموعة من النتائج المتعلقة بفاعلية مؤتمرات القمة العربية وزيادة أهميتها حيث أبدى الأردن اتجاهاً جلياً نحو الالتزام بحضور مؤتمرات القمة العربية ولعب درواً حاسماً في اتخاذ قراراتها نتيجة الدبلوماسية النشطة للقيادات الأردنية المتعاقبة على الحكم، كما أنه كان دوماً ملتزماً بتنفيذ القرارات الصادرة عن مؤتمرات القمة العربية مغلباَ المصلحة العربية العليا حتى على حساب مصالحه الخاصة في بعض الأحيان.
التوصيات: قدم الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات منها: الاهتمام بانعقاد المؤتمرات بصورة مستمرة وضرورة تغليب المصلحة العامة العربية العليا على حساب المصلحة الخاصة بكل دولة، وأعد ملحق بمؤتمرات القمة في نهاية البحث يبين تسلسل هذه المؤتمرات وسبب انعقادها وأهم القرارات التي اتخذت فيها.
القدرة التنبؤية للاتزان الانفعالي بالإجهاد الذهني لدى طلبة السنة الأولى في الجامعة
Authors: Al-Rawwad Theeb , Al-Adamat Omar , Rbabah Khalid 
Published: October 2023

الأهداف: هدفت الدّراسة الحالية إلى تعرُّف مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي، والإجهاد الذهني، ومعرفة فيما إذا كانت هنالك فروق في مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي وفقًا لمتغيريّ الجنس، والتّخصّص الأكاديميّ والتفاعل بينهما. وكذلك هدفت إلى الكشف عن القدرة التنبؤية للاتزان الانفعالي بالإجهاد الذهني. تكوّنت عيّنة الدّراسة من (336) طالبًا وطالبةً من طلبة السنة الأولى في جامعة الحسين بن طلال، جرى اختيارهم بالطريقة المتيسرة.
المهنجية: استخدمت الدّراسة المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي في البحث؛ إذ استُخدم مقياسين، مقياس للاتزان الانفعالي، ومقياس للإجهاد الذهني.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدّراسة أنّ مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي جاء بمستوى متوسط، وإنّ مستوى الإجهاد الذهني جاء بمستوى متوسط. ووجود فروق دالّة إحصائيًّا في مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي تُعزى لمتغيّر الجنس، ولصالح الذكور، ووجود فروق دالّة إحصائيًّا في مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي تُعزى لمتغيّر التّخصّص الأكاديميّ ولصالح الكليات العلمية. وكذلك أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالّة إحصائيًّا في مستوى التفاعل بين متغيري الجنس والكلية في مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي، وكانت الفروق لصالح الكليات العلمية عند الذكور ولصالح الكليات الإنسانية عند الإناث، وكذلك أظهرت النتائج أن الاتزان الانفعالي قد فسر ما نسبته (%5.2) من الاجهاد الذهني.
الاستنتاجات: بناءً على نتائج الدّراسة، توصي الدّراسة بضرورة تضمين وتوظيف جوانب الاتزان الانفعالي، وطرق تحقيقه في المواد الدّراسية، وتشجيع الأنشطة اللامنهجية المختلفة