bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUMAN FETAL AND MATERNAL PLASMA OESTROGENS AND THE ONSET OF LABOUR
Authors: Patten P. T. , Anderson A. B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLevels of unconjugated oestrone and oestradiol were measured in maternal peripheral and umbilical arterial and venous plasma. The levels before and after the spontaneous onset of labour were compared, samples being obtained either at elective Caesarean section or at normal delivery following labour of spontaneous onset. In the umbilical circulation, the mean concentrations of both oestrone and oestradiol were higher in the vein than in the artery, but the V‐A difference was highly significant only for oestrone (P<0.001). The main positive finding in relation to labour was that in the umbilical vein plasma, the oestrone level was significantly higher (P<0.01) after labour than before its onset, the mean value (±S.E.) in the patients having an elective Caesarean section being 10.9 (±1–4) ng./ml., compared with a level of 17.1 (±1.6) ng./ml. in the group delivering spontaneously. In the maternal peripheral circulation there was no appreciable change in the level of oestrone or oestradiol in relation to labour. It is concluded that the increase in umbilical vein oestrone may depend on a change in the placental metabolism of oestrogens related to labour, and probably reflects more complex endocrine changes concerned in the control of human parturition.
A STUDY OF CERVICAL VIBRATION IN INDUCED LABOUR
Authors: Beard Robert , Boyd Iain , Holt Edmund 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of dilating the cervix by vibration was studied in a group of 50 patients in labour randomly allocated to treatment or control groups. There was no difference in the overall induction to delivery interval. The average rate of cervical dilatation was increased in the patients who had cervical vibration, but not significantly so. In 13 out of 25 patients who had cervical vibration the cervix became sufficiently dilated to make ventouse delivery possible. The procedure was found to be safe and acceptable to patients.
E PROSTAGLANDINS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND LABOUR
Authors: Keirse M. J. N. C. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryConcentrations of prostaglandins e1 and E2 (PGE1 and PGE2) have been measured by gas liquid chromatography with electron‐capture detection, in samples of amniotic fluid from 49 patients with normal pregnancies and one patient with a pregnancy complicated by anencephaly. In 10 of 12 samples taken before the onset of clinical labour, PGE2 levels were below 0.5 ng. per ml. In 37 samples, obtained from patients in labour, PGE2 concentrations varied from 1 .2 to 17.0 ng. per ml. PGE2 concentrations increased significantly (p<0.001) with advancing cervical dilatation. No PGE1 (less than 0.5 ng. per ml.) was found in any sample investigated. Levels of PGE2 in oxytocin‐induced or spontaneous labour were not statistically different. No PGE2 was found in the late first stage labour in one patient, in whom pregnancy was complicated by anencephaly.
THE EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS EPIDURAL BLOCKADE ON PLASMA 11‐HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID CONCENTRATIONS IN LABOUR
Authors: Buchan Peter C. , Milne Melville K. , Browning Margaret C. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe adrenocortical response to labour was assessed by measurement of plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroid concentrations in 20 patients. Labour was induced by artificial rupture of the membranes and intravenous oxytocin. Ten patients received analgesia by intramuscular pethidine and ten by continuous epidural blockade.Epidural blockade prevented the rise in plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroid concentration which occurred during labour in patients given pethidine alone, but did not block the rise with the delivery of the child.The findings illustrate the effectiveness of efficient analgesia in reducing the stress of labour as assessed by plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroid concentrations.
A TRIAL OF CLOTRIMAZOLE AND NYSTATIN IN VAGINAL MONILIASIS
Authors: Higton B. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA trial of clotrimazole and nystatin was made in 50 obstetrical and gynaecological patients with mycological evidence of vaginal moniliasis. Treatment for six days resulted in a higher eradication rate with clotrimazole (96 per cent) than with nystatin (76 per cent) and a comparable decrease in symptoms and signs. Four weeks after the end of treatment the recurrence rates in those patients with negative cultures immediately after therapy were 12.5 per cent with clotrimazole and 26.4 per cent with nystatin. No significant adverse effects were noted in either group of patients.
ENDOMETRIAL SARCOMA CAUSING OBSTRUCTED LABOUR
Authors: Nye E. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA search of the literature has failed to reveal previous reports of obstructed labour due to stromal endometriosis or sarcoma. Such a case is here recorded. A biopsy was taken at Caesarean section and hysterectomy four weeks later confirmed endometrial sarcoma.
INTRAPARTUM DRUGS AND FETAL BLOOD pH and GAS STATUS
Authors: Hounslow Dianne , Wood Carl , Humphrey Michael , Chang Allan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA retrospective study, including a control group, demonstrated that nalorphine may have a detrimental effect on fetal acid‐base and blood gas status. Delivery of the head was slower in patients given analgesic drugs in labour. Pethidine apparently diminished transplacental oxygen transfer, but this effect was not sufficiently severe to influence acid‐base status.
A SERIAL STUDY OF CHANGES OCCURRING IN THE ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Lind T. , Billewicz W. Z. , Brown Gail 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNineteen healthy pregnant women with no family history of diabetes took part in a serial study in which they had a standard 50 g. oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 10, 20, 30 and 38 weeks gestation and again 10 to 12 weeks after delivery. While every test result remained within “normal” limits as defined by any of the standard criteria, subtle and progressive changes in the shape of the glucose response curve were shown to occur throughout pregnancy. These changes in shape were evaluated by means of the H index recently described by Billewicz et al. (1973); in 14 patients the values attained were characteristic of a “suspect” or “abnormal” response in non–pregnant subjects. Nevertheless since all of these women remained clinically normal throughout, and it is unlikely that 14 out of 19 will become diabetic later in life, it seems unreasonable that these changes per se should be regarded as evidence of impending pathology.
HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL) IN SERUM IN COMPLICATED EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Ylikorkala Olavi , Jouppila Pentti 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe clinical value of maternal serum HPL concentrations determined by radio‐immunoassay in complicated early pregnancy was studied between the 6th and 20th weeks of pregnancy. The subjects were 203 normally pregnant women and 188 whose pregnancy was complicated by uterine bleeding. In threatened abortion where the pregnancy continued successfully (102 patients) the HPL level was generally similar to that in normal pregnancy and showed a pattern of increase in serial determinations. In complicated pregnancies with an unsuccessful outcome (blighted ovum 19, incomplete abortion 42, and missed abortion 25) HPL values were low and decreased in serial samples. A single HPL determination seemed to be a sufficiently reliable index of viable pregnancy from the 14th week onwards, but before that serial HPL samples would seem to be needed.
PRIMARY ABDOMINAL (PERITONEAL) PREGNANCY
Authors: Kellett R. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of primary abdominal pregnancy occurring in a 40‐year‐old Jamaican negress is recorded, the patient presenting with lower abdominal pain and eventually succumbing to massive intraperitoneal haemorrhage. Studdiford's criteria for primary abdominal pregnancy are enumerated and assessed. A brief review of the literature with a table of the more popularly quoted cases is presented.
PLACENTA MEMBRANACEA
Authors: Pryse–Davies J. , Dewhurst C. J. , Campbell S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of placenta membranacea is presented in which bleeding between 7 and 20 weeks of gestation was persistent and marked, necessitating blood transfusion to a total of 10 litres. Spontaneous abortion occurred at 20 weeks. Examination of the placenta and membranes showed the presence of a distinct placental disc 2 cm. thick; elsewhere the sac was completely covered by villi 0.2 to 0.3 cm. thick. Comparisons are made with other case reports and the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of this condition is discussed.
TIME—AN IMPORTANT VARIABLE IN NORMAL DELIVERY
Authors: Wood Carl , Hing Ng Keng , Hounslow Dianne , Benning Hella 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA controlled study showed that speeding birth increased umbilical artery and vein blood pH, most probably by reducing fetal asphyxia. The methods used to speed delivery were simple and were readily applied to a predominantly migrant population. The umbilical artery blood p H in the fast group was significantly higher than in six of seven studies in other centres.
URINARY OESTRIOL IN PREGNANCY, DAILY FLUCTUATION, AND CORRELATION WITH FETAL GROWTH
Authors: Bergsjøs Per , Bakke Trygve , Salamonsen Lois A. , Støsa Karl F. , Thorsen Thor 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUrinary oestriol output in 214 series of three consecutive 24‐hour periods during late pregnancy showed large day‐to‐day fluctuations. The clinical correlations have been based on the mean excretion value of each three‐day series. From 30 weeks of pregnancy onwards there was a highly significant difference in the oestriol output between mothers who had normal‐sized babies (birthweight above the 25th percentile) and those who had small‐for‐dates babies (birthweight below the 10th percentile). Serial oestriol determinations also showed that in pregnancies with growth‐retarded fetuses the levels were persistently low, or falling, while in pregnancies with normal‐sized fetuses the levels rose, often sharply. The shape of the curves was more important than the actual values in predicting the outcome with regard to the birthweight of the baby.
AMNIOTIC FLUID PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Bayer Hannes , Bonnar John , Phizackerley P. J. R. , Moore R. A. , Wylie Fiona 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA method is described that gives accurate quantification of the phospholipid fractions in amniotic fluid and requires a sample of only one ml. Phospholipid estimations were made in 86 samples of amniotic fluid from normal and abnormal pregnancies. The percentage of amniotic fluid phospholipids that were alkali‐labile was determined. As thin‐layer chromatography suggested that most of the alkali‐labile phospholipid was lecithin, this percentage was called the “lecithin level”. Prenatal lecithin levels in amniotic fluid were compared with the neonatal condition of the infant. When the amniotic fluid lecithin level exceeded 65 per cent, fetal lung maturity could be anticipated. Amniotic fluid lecithin levels below 60 per cent of the total phospholipid were associated with the development of respiratory distress syndrome and also with anencephaly. In pregnancies complicated by hypertension and fetal growth retardation the amniotic fluid lecithin levels were within the normal range.
ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF FETAL SEX BY CYTOPLASMIC STAINING OF CELLS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID
Authors: Nelson Matilda M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAntenatal prediction of sex using Shorr's cytoplasmic stain was made in 93 samples of amniotic fluid from 71 women. This technique provided correct diagnoses in 97 per cent of samples obtained after 30 weeks of gestation. Before this the method was unreliable. Comparisons are made with the results obtained by methods of nuclear sexing.
BLOOD LEVELS OF D1AZEPAM IN INFANTS OF TWO MOTHERS GIVEN LARGE DOSES OF DIAZEPAM DURING LABOUR
Authors: McCarthy Gillian T. , O'Connell Bridget , Robinson Ann E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo babies are described whose mothers were given large doses of diazepam during labour. One mother had eclampsia, and the other had severe pre‐eclampsia. Both babies were severely asphyxiated at birth, and one showed depressed respirations and reflexes for four days. The blood levels of diazepam in both babies rose for 40 hours after birth and then fell suddenly but remained detectable until the seventh day of life. The metabolism of the drug in the perinatal period is discussed.
THE EFFECT OF THE STATEMENT BY THE COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF DRUGS CONCERNING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES CONTAINING OESTROGENS ON THE CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICES OF WOMEN ATTENDING TWO FAMILY PLANNING CLINICS
Authors: Badaracco Mary , Vessey Martin P. , Wiggins Peter 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFollowing the statement concerning oral contraceptives containing oestrogens by the Committee on Safety of Drugs in December 1969, many women in England and Wales stopped taking oral contraceptives and it seems highly probable that thousands of unintended pregnancies occurred. By contrast, among 1328 women attending family planning clinics at Norwich and High Wycombe, no more than a handful of women discontinued oral contraception, and no accidental pregnancies occurred which could be attributed to the events occurring in December 1969.
SHORT‐TERM HIGH‐DOSE METRONIDAZOLE FOR VAGINAL TRICHOMONIASIS
Authors: Davidson F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and twenty women with trichomoniasis were treated with 4 g. of metronidazole given over a period of two days in dosage of two 400 mg. tablets in the morning and three 400 mg. tablets at night. Thirty‐eight consorts were similarly treated simultaneously. Of 77 patients who fulfilled the criteria for admission to the trial four were not cured but three of them were almost certainly reinfected. Side effects were limited to nausea in nine patients, and vomiting in two others.
CONTINUOUS EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN E2 FOR THERAPEUTIC TERMINATION AND THE EFFECTIVENESS O VARIOUS INFUSION RATES AND DOSAGES
Authors: Midwinter Audrey , Shepherd Angela , Bowen Michael 
Published: August 2005

SummaryContinuous extra‐amniotic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was given to 91 healthy women to terminate pregnancies of from 10–20 weeks gestation. One patient failed to abort. Of 68 patients given doses of 66–5 to 133–5μg. of PGE2 per hour, 61 aborted within 36 hours. Using 46.5μg. of PGE2 per hour the mean induction‐abortion interval was increased and only 13 of 20 patients aborted within 36 hours. Persistent side‐effects limited treatment with doses of 333.5μg. of PGE2 per hour. Less PGE2 was used and there were practical advantages in giving 66.5μg. per hour.
THE LIMITATIONS OF ULTRASONIC FETAL CEPHALOMETRY
Authors: DAVISON J. M. , LIND T. , Farr V. , Whittingham T. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe sources of error inherent in many commonly used measuring instruments are well understood and documented. This is not the case for ultrasound equipment when used to assess the rate of growth of the fetal skull in utero. This paper describes various sources of error which can affect the measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter; it also describes a method by which an operator might assess his own degree of competence. We conclude that these sources of error have been insufficiently appreciated in the past and while it is possible to determine the growth rate of the fetal skull the time interval necessary to measure this with a clinically realistic degree of confidence is not less than three weeks. If ultrasound methods of measurement are to find a place in clinical practice the techniques need to be more stringently appraised.
A STUDY ON THE MONITORING OF GONADOTROPHIN THERAPY BY THE ASSAY OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE
Authors: Shaaban Mamdouh M. , Klopper Arnold 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma oestradiol and plasma progesterone were measured daily during 19 courses of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) given to ten infertile women. The response to HMG was judged by the concentration of plasma oestradiol and an adequate response was taken as an oestradiol level within, or just above, the range of values found in a group of ten normal women during the pre‐ovulatory peak of oestradiol concentration.Ovulation was induced in ten courses and three women became pregnant. On five occasions there were high oestradiol levels but symptoms of overstimulation occurred only once. The height of the pre‐ovulatory oestradiol peak and the hormone levels in the subsequent luteal phase were correlated. Parallel measurements of urinary oestrone excretion showed that the urine values lagged by 24 hours behind the changes in plasma oestradiol. The use of plasma estimations made it possible to administer HCG at an earlier stage thus diminishing the risk of overstimulation.
URINARY EXCRETION OF NON‐CONJUGATED OESTROGENS DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Oakey R. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe daily excretion of non‐conjugated oestrogens was measured by a simple radioimmunoassay in samples collected throughout a single menstrual cycle by each of four women. Excretion of non‐conjugated oestrogens was low (50 to 200 ng./24 hours) during the first seven days of the cycle and increased abruptly to give maximum excretion (200 to 600 ng./24 hours) between days nine and thirteen. More oestrogen was excreted during the luteal phase than in the early follicular phase of the cycle. Measurement of urinary non‐conjugated oestrogen may therefore provide a convenient and reliable means of assessing ovarian function in women receiving gonadotrophin therapy for infertility.
THE INHIBITION OF LACTATION BY CLOMIPHENE
Authors: Zuckerman H. , Carmel S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 177 puerperal women who did not want to breast feed their babies were divided into four groups and treated either by clomiphene in two different dosage schedules or placebo in two different dosage schedules. The drugs were administered in a double‐blind controlled method. The most effective in inhibiting lactation as well as relieving engorgement, tenderness and discomfort of breasts was 100 mg. clomiphene given daily for five days. This regime was successful in 98.2 per cent of patients and there were no side effects.
PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Smith Alan M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree patients with a phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy are reported. In the first patient a favourable result was obtained by Caesarean section and simultaneous removal of the phaeochromocytoma. In the second patient, pregnancy continued after excision of the tumour at 25 weeks, and ended at 37 weeks in the delivery by Caesarean section of a dysmature infant which died after three days. The third patient had an undiagnosed tumour and died during a Caesarean section for relative disproportion. General principles concerning the diagnosis and management of a phaeochromocytoma during pregnancy are discussed.
HAEMATOCERVIX FOLLOWING CONE BIOPSY OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Clark Alexander , McKAY Hart David , McCune Graham , Cordiner James 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaematocervix is an uncommon condition in which the endocervical canal is dilated and filled with blood. A case of haematocervix in a 15‐year‐old girl with vaginal atresia described by Jeffcoate (1967) is the only one reported in the literature in the last ten years. Recently two cases following cone biopsy have been seen in our hospital.
BACTERIURIA IN PREGNANCY
Authors: McFarkinson I. R. , Eykyn S. J. , Gardner N. H. N. , Vanier T. M. , Bennett A. E. , Mayo M. E. , Lloyd‐Davies R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBacteriuria (defined as the presence of organisms on culture in a specimen of urine obtained by suprapubic bladder aspiration) was found in 132 (6.6 per cent) out of 2000 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic. Bacteriuria was more frequent in the lower than the upper social classes, but was not related to the patient's age, parity or ethnic group. In 5 out of 18 patients with bacterial counts of lo4 or less per ml., spontaneous clearance of bacteriuria occurred. Of 186 patients who had further samples of urine examined during pregnancy after having a sterile urine on booking, only one developed a persistent infection de novo. Seventy‐nine of the original 2000 patients were seen in a second pregnancy. Twelve of these patients were infected (and treated) in the first pregnancy and 5 of them had bacteriuria in the second pregnancy; the other 67 patients had sterile urine in the first pregnancy and one of these had bacteriuria in a second pregnancy. Thirty per cent of the patients with bacteriuria had symptoms which were usually associated with urinary infection when they were first seen, but so did 25 per cent of the uninfected control patients. Neither bacteriuria nor recurrence of infection after treatment could be diagnosed by symptoms. Only 34 per cent of patients with symptoms after treatment had recurrent infection, and of those who did have recurrent infection 27 per cent had symptoms.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE LECITHIN‐SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO AND THE “SHAKE TEST” FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SURFACTANT IN AMNIOTIC FLUID
Authors: Wagstaff T. I. , Bromham D. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and ninety samples of amniotic fluid were analyzed for their surfactant content by measuring the lecithin‐sphingomyelin ratio and performing the simple “shake test”. The value of these tests in predicting the respiratory performance of the baby at delivery is discussed and the limitations of the tests is evaluated. It was concluded that the shake test is valuable only as a screening procedure for deter‐mining fetal lung maturity.
CHANGES IN FETAL HEART RATE DURING INTRAUTERINE TRANSFUSION
Authors: Boyd I. E. , Holt E. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe fetal heart rate was continuously recorded during 38 intrauterine fetal transfusions on 18 patients. The normal rise in heart rate in response to needle insertion and blood transfusion was reduced in the fetuses which succumbed, but was not of prognostic value. Varying the rate of infusion did not affect the heart rate or fetal survival.
INDUCTION OF LABOUR WlTH ORAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: Yip S. K. , Ma H. K. , Ng K. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) was administered orally to 57 pregnant women who required induction of labour. Labour was successfully induced in 46 patients (80 per cent). No serious fetal or maternal complications resulted.
LOW DOSES OF SUBCUTANEOUS HEPARIN IN THE PREVENTION OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS AFTER GYNAECOLOGICAL SURGERY
Authors: Ballard R. M. , Bradley‐Watson P. J. , Johnstone F. D. , Kenney A. , McCarthy T. G. , Campbell Stuart , Weston Jeanne 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe prophylactic effect of low doses of subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis after major gynaecological surgery was investigated in a clinical trial involving 110 patients. Evidence of thrombosis was detected by the 1251‐labelled fibrinogen test in 16 out of 55 patients (29 per cent) in the control group, and in 2 out of 55 patients (3.6 per cent) in the heparin‐treated group. Only longevity had a significant association with the development of deep vein thrombosis.
THERAPEUTIC ABORTION EMPLOYING THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN E2 AND AN INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF OXYTOCIN
Authors: Morewood Geoffrey A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTermination of pregnancy was performed in 38 patients, by the extra‐amniotic administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the intravenous administration of oxytocin. All patients aborted within 32 hours with a mean induction‐abortion interval of 13 . 7 hours.
HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY FOLLOWING OVULATION‐INDUCTION THERAPY
Authors: Good W. , Macdonald H. N. , Hancock K. W. , Wood J. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn examination has been made of the changes in the major haematological indices that occurred in five women who became pregnant after ovulation‐induction therapy. It would appear that, given successful ovulation‐induction, the ensuing pregnancy presents an essentially normal haematological picture.