bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid-IR Narrow Bandgap Silver Mercury Telluride Alloy Semiconductor Nanocrystal for Self-powered Mid-IR Photodiode
Authors: Jeong Kwang Seob , Song Haemin , Eom So Young , Kim Gahyeon , Jung Yoon Seo , Choi Dongsun , Kumar Gundam , Lee Jin Hyeok , Kang Hyeong Seok , Ban Jiyeon , Seo Gyeong Won , Hwang Gyu Weon , Hong Sungmin , Bae Sooho , Kim Woong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Infrared colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been of interest due to their low-cost fabrication and facile wavelength tunability for various infrared optoelectronic applications. Recently, the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) quantum dot sensor has been successfully realized by forming a photodiode via a post-chemical treatment method. Controlling the doping density of the quantum dot solid and engineering the device structure require an extremely sophisticated technique, which hinders consistent doping density and restricts further development in understanding the fundamental photophysics and manufacturing process. Here, we report an air-stable and highly reproducible MWIR CQD photodiode by incorporating newly synthesized p-doped Ag-HgTe nanocrystals (NCs). The Ag-HgTe alloy NCs allow clearly defined p-doped QD layers, leading to uniform dopant distribution and the ease of engineering device fabrication. By optimizing the doping density, we achieved a 3 mK noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), the lowest value ever reported, at 78 K with the self-powered MWIR photodiode sensor.
Social Communities are Associated with Changing Individual’s Opinion Towards COVID-19 Vaccine on Japanese Twitter
Authors: Takayasu Misako , WU QIANYUN , Sano Yukie , Takayasu Hideki , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The vaccine topic has been widely discussed on Twitter since the outbreak of COVID-19. However, the dynamics of temporal opinion shifts at the individual level and the possible reasons of shifts have been little studied. In this paper, we explore the possible influence of social interactions (retweet network) on individual opinion shifts related to vaccinations based on large-scale Twitter data in Japanese. We use an opinion score to measure the dynamic changes of individual opinions and apply dynamic community detection to the retweet network to track changes of communities over time. Then, we combine dynamic opinions and evolving communities to identify the interplay between social interaction and opinion shifts. Our findings suggest that the opinion shifts could be largely influenced by the communities that users are affiliated. Specifically, if users are within the anti-vaccine community, they exhibit a significantly higher likelihood of adopting an anti-vaccine stance. Conversely, if users are linked to pro-vaccine, pet-hobby, or news communities, they exhibit a greater probability of transitioning to a pro-vaccine standpoint. By observing the temporal changes of the influence of communities, after the start of vaccination, the anti-vaccine community’s influence appears to persist with slight drop, while the influence of pro-vaccine, news and pet-hobby communities steadily increased. Our results furnish valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals to better leverage social media for vaccine promotion.
Highly efficient and specific regulation of gene expression using enhanced CRISPR-Cas12f system
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Oh Yeounsun , Kim Kee-Pyo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The recently developed CRISPR activator (CRISPRa) system uses a CRISPR-Cas effector-based transcriptional activator to effectively control the expression of target genes without causing DNA damage. However, existing CRISPRa systems based on Cas9/Cas12a necessitate improvement in terms of efficacy and accuracy due to limitations associated with the CRISPR-Cas module itself. To overcome these limitations and effectively and accurately regulate gene expression, we developed an efficient CRISPRa system based on the small CRISPR-Cas effector Candidatus Woesearchaeota Cas12f (CWCas12f). By engineering the CRISPR-Cas module, linking activation domains, and using various combinations of linkers and nuclear localization signal sequences, the optimized eCWCas12f-VPR system enabled effective and target-specific regulation of gene expression compared with that using the existing CRISPRa system. The eCWCas12f-VPR system developed in this study has substantial potential for controlling the transcription of endogenous genes in living organisms and serves as a foundation for future gene therapy and biological research.
Nutritional Composition, Antinutritive Compounds, and Starch Properties of Flour from Cassava Varieties Grown in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Wambua Milcah , Mulwa Richard , Nduko John Masani , Matofari Joseph 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the nutritional composition and properties of cassava flour obtained from ten selected cassava varieties grown in Nakuru County, Kenya. The proximate composition, cyanide and phytate content, mineral composition, and nutritional properties of different types of starch were evaluated. The results revealed significant variations (p < 0.05) in nutritional composition and properties. The moisture content of the cassava flour was low (5%), compared to the recommended level of 14% for microbial stability. The main component of cassava flour was carbohydrates (starch) at 86.44%, with low levels of crude fat (0.57%) and protein (3%). Variety MM96/0072 exhibited the highest carbohydrate content, indicating the highest flour yield. Most cassava varieties had cyanide levels within the recommended range of less than 10 mg/kg, except for KME-1, which exceeded this limit. The cassava flour showed low calcium, iron, and zinc content, with their bioavailability being affected by the high phytate levels. The starch analysis indicated high levels of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) ranging from 36.52–53.01% and low levels of Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS) ranging from 23.22–35.97%. This suggests that cassava flour contributes to moderate insulin response and promotes satiety. Additionally, cassava flour exhibited significant levels of Resistant Starch (RS), ranging from 4.56–7.23%, which supports its beneficial impact on gastrointestinal health. However, the low protein, fat, and mineral content of cassava flour highlight the need for supplementation to enhance its nutritional quality when used in the formulation of food products.
An Improved Transformer-based Model for Detecting Phishing, Spam, and Ham: A Large Language Model Approach
Authors: Jamal Suhaima , Wimmer Hayden , Sarker Iqbal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Phishing and spam detection is a long standing challenge that has been the subject of much academic research. Large Language Models (LLM) have vast potential to transform society and provide new and innovative approaches to solve well-established challenges. Phishing and spam have caused financial hardships and lost time and resources to email users all over the world and frequently serve as an entry point for ransomware threat actors. While detection approaches exist, especially heuristic-based approaches, LLMs offer the potential to venture into a new unexplored area for understanding and solving this challenge. LLMs have rapidly altered the landscape from business, consumers, and throughout academia and demonstrate transformational potential for the potential of society. Based on this, applying these new and innovative approaches to email detection is a rational next step in academic research. In this work, we present IPSDM, an improved phishing spam detection model based on fine-tuning the BERT family of models to specifically detect phishing and spam email. We demonstrate our fine-tuned version, IPSDM, is able to better classify emails in both unbalanced and balanced datasets.
Unraveling the Nature of Sensing in Electrostatic MEMS Gas Sensors
Authors: Shama Yasser , Rahmanian Sasan , Mouharrar Hamza , Abdelrahman Rana , Ahmed Alaaeldin , Abdel-Rahman Eihab 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This paper investigates the fundamental sensing mechanism of electrostatic MEMS gas sensors. It compares among the responsivities of a set of MEMS isopropanol sensors before and after functionalization, and in the presence and absence of electrostatic fields when operated in static and dynamic detection modes. In the static mode, we found that the sensors do not exhibit a measurable change in displacement due to added mass. On the other hand, bare sensors showed a clear change in displacement in response to isopropanol vapor. In the dynamic mode, functionalized sensors showed a measurable frequency shift due to the added mass of isopropanol vapor. In the presence of strong electrostatic fields, the measured frequency shift was found to be threefold larger than that in their absence in response to the same concentration of isopropanol vapor. The enhanced responsivity of dynamic detection allows the sensors to measure the vapor mass captured by the functional material, which is not the case for static detection. The detection of isopropanol by bare sensors in static mode shows that change in the medium permittivity is the primary sensing mechanism. The enhanced responsivity of dynamic mode sensors when operated in strong electrostatic fields shows that their sensing mechanism is a combination of a weaker added mass effect and a stronger permittivity effect. These findings show that electrostatic MEMS gas sensors are independent of the direction of the gravitational field and are, thus, robust to changes in alignment. It is erroneous to refer to them as 'gravimetric' sensors.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes immune evasion in tumors by facilitating the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1
Authors: Yahata Takashi , Ibrahim Abd AZIZ , Fujimura Taku , Uno Tomoko , Terada Tomoya , Hirano Ken-ichi , Hosokawa Hiroyuki , Ohta Akio , Miyata Toshio , Ando Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tumors have been found to correlate with poor clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Here, we demonstrate that via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, PAI-1 induces programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in several types of tumor cells and surrounding cells. Blockade of PAI-1 impeded the induction of PD-L1 in tumor cells, resulting in a significant reduction in immunosuppressive cells at the tumor site and an increase in cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, leading to tumor regression. The anti-tumor effect of a PAI-1 inhibitor was abolished in immunodeficient mice, suggesting that PAI-1 blockade induces tumor regression by stimulating the immune system. Combining a PAI-1 inhibitor with an immune checkpoint inhibitor significantly improved tumor regression. Thus, our study reveals that PAI-1 protects tumors from immune surveillance by increasing PD-L1 expression and suggests that therapeutic PAI-1 blockade may prove valuable in treating malignant tumors.
Survival Trends and Patient Characteristics between 2004 and 2016 for Breast Cancer in Japan Based on the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry
Authors: Iwamoto Takayuki , Kumamaru Hiraku , Niikura Naoki , Sagara Yasuaki , Miyashita Minoru , Konishi Takaaki , Sanuki Naoko , Tanakura Kenta , Nagahashi Masayuki , Hayashi Naoki , Yoshida Masayuki , Watanabe Chie , Kinukawa Naoko , Toi Masakazu , Saji Shigehira 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This is a prognostic report by the Japanese Breast Cancer Society on breast cancer extracted from the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry of Japan. Here, we present a summary of 457,878 breast cancer cases registered between 2004 and 2016. The median follow-up duration was 5.6 years. The median age at the start of treatment was 59 years (5–95%: 38–82 years) and increased from 57 years between 2004 and 2008 to 60 years between 2013 and 2016. The proportion of patients with Stage 0-II disease increased from 74.5–78.3%. The number of cases with estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity increased from 74.8–77.9% and 60.5–68.1%, respectively. Regarding (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy, the taxane or taxane-cyclophosphamide regimen (T/TC) increased by 2.4–8.2%, but the (fluorouracil (F)) anthracycline-C [(F)AC]-T/(F) epirubicin (E)C-T and (F)AC/(F)EC regimens decreased by 18.6–15.2% and 13.5–5.0%, respectively. Regarding (neo-)adjuvant anti-human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2)-targeted therapy, the use of trastuzumab increased from 4.6–10.5%. The rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy increased from 37.1–60.7%, while that of axillary dissection decreased from 54.5–22.6%. Improvements in disease-free and overall survival were observed in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, but there was no apparent trend in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, or triple-negative breast cancers.
Transcriptomic alterations in cortical astrocytes following the development of post-traumatic epilepsy
Authors: Leonard John , Wei Xiaoran , Gudenschwager-Basso Erwin , Li Jiangtao , Harris Elizabeth , Olsen Michelle , Theus Michelle 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) stands as one of the numerous debilitating consequences that follow traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite its impact on many individuals, the current landscape offers only a limited array of reliable treatment options, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and susceptibility factors remains incomplete. Among the potential contributors to epileptogenesis, astrocytes, a type of glial cell, have garnered substantial attention as they are believed to promote hyperexcitability and the development of seizures in the brain following TBI. The current study evaluated the transcriptomic changes in cortical astrocytes derived from animals that developed seizures as a result of severe focal TBI. Using RNAseq and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), we unveil a distinct gene expression profile in astrocytes, including alterations in genes supporting inflammation, early response modifiers, and neuropeptide-amidating enzymes. The findings underscore the complex molecular dynamics in astrocytes during PTE development, offering insights into therapeutic targets and avenues for further exploration.
Illustration of Ranolazine induced Cardioprotection, its possible mechanism of actions &amp; role of adenosine
Authors: Tantray Junaid , Singh Shivam , Sharma Ashish Kumar , Sahu Sanjay Kumar , Singh Ravindra Pal , Sharma Shailesh , Sharma Rajesh Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives: This study was to investigate cardioprotective effects of ranolazine and to explore possible secondary mechanisms beyond the cellular studies have demonstrated inhibition of late sodium channel(INaL) leads to reduction in calcium load during cardiac ischemia.
Methods: An animal model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was established using Langendroff’s technique. 20 minutes ischemia and 40 minutes of reperfusion was given to isolated heart as model of myocardial infarction. There were five groups: Control, Ischemic preconditioning, ranolazine(100µmol/L) treatment in perfusate, ranolazine(100µmol/L)+Theophylline(30µmol/L) and ranolazine(100µmol/L)+ Aminophylline(30µmol/L) in perfusate.
Results: Ranolazine found cardioprotection (Infarct Size: 4.79±0.84 compared to control 62.85±8.60; LDH: 73.67±1.33U/L compared to control 102±0.60U/L; CK-MB: 44.83±1.14U/L compared to control 199.33±2.17U/L)
Ischeamic Preconditioning found cardioprotection (Infarct Size: 9.11±0.85 compared to control 62.85±8.60; LDH: 73.17±1.33U/L compared to control 102±0.60U/L; CK-MB: 46.50±1.89U/L compared to control 199.33±2.17U/L)
Ranolazine+Theophylline (Infarct Size: 21.33±1.22compared to ranolazine 4.79±0.84; LDH: 102.00±6.42U/L compared to ranolazine 73.67±1.33U/L; CK-MB: 110.00±3.20U/L as compared to ranolazine 44.83±1.14U/L)
Ranolazine+Aminophylline (Infarct Size: 23.91±0.89as compared to ranolazine 4.79±0.84; LDH: 110.33±4.41as compared to control 73.67±1.33U/L; CK-MB: 117.00±3.47 U/L as compared to ranolazine 44.83±1.14U/L)
Conclusions: As per confirmation Ranolazine and ischemic preconditioning have brought cardioprotection as reduced Infract Size, LDH & CK-MB. Wereas, treatment of L-NAME & Aminoguanine in both increased infract size, LDH & CK-MB. Hence it is proved that ranolazine involves adenosine as secondary messenger in cardioprotection.
Finite difference analysis of slope anchor frame resting on Vlasov Foundation considering influence of friction resistance and axial loads
Authors: Dai Zi-Hang , Yang Jia-Hao , Tang Xue-Feng , Shi Jin-Hua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the development of anchorage technology, slope anchor frames have become a preferential earth-retaining structure in controlling landslides or reinforcing slopes. However, no accurate and highly efficient design calculation method has been proposed. To date, they are usually simplified as cross-foundation beams resting on flat ground without considering the influence of friction resistance and axial loads induced by the tensile forces of anchor bolts. That will lead to a calculation result significantly deviating from the reality. For that, the paper regarded them as the actual cross beams resting on a slope viewed as the accepted Vlasov Foundation. A new concept, the friction-mobilizing ratio, was presented to establish the flexural differential equation of the beams. The finite difference solution to this problem was then proposed. The friction-mobilizing ratio can also be employed to determine and avoid the upclimbing phenomena of a frame. In the meantime, a highly efficient approach for the load share and adjustment at the intersections of the vertical and horizontal beams was presented. The entire computation process can be implemented by the finite difference program developed using MATLAB. The proposed method was validated through the finite element method but is much more efficient than the latter.
The decipherment of tissue-based proteome signatures revealed predictive biomarkers of diseases for primary Sjogren's syndrome with peripheral neuropathy system
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Jin Ying , Xu Liying , Wang Yang , Zheng Jiaman , Li Wei , Chen Donghua , Jiang Haishan , Zheng Hui , Yuan Chao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
The peripheral neuropathy system in Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS-PNS) is often disregarded as a significant neuropathy, and there is limited research on the underlying pathological mechanisms. This study aimed to explore some possible processes by proteomic analysis.
Methods
Samples of the sural nerve were collected from patients diagnosed with pSS-PNS (n=3) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) (control, n=3). A data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomic analysis was used to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Functional annotation of DEPs and gene modules was performed using Gene Ontology (GO), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The targeted proteins were validated using the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method.
Results
Samples of the sural nerve were collected from pSS-PNS patients (n=3) and CIDP patients (n=3)，and subjected to differential proteomic analysis (DIA). As a result, 187 proteins were found to be significantly regulated between pSS-PNS patients and the control group. 42 of these proteins were selected for quantification through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and five of them (F2, FGG, FN1, INA, FERMT3) displayed consistent expression patterns between DIA and PRM.
Conclusion
F2, FGG, FN1, INA, and FERMT3 exhibited differential expression in the sural nerves of patients with PNS secondary to Sjögren's syndrome (pSS-PNS). These genes have the potential to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for pSS-PNS, and their pathogenesis may be linked to platelet activation.
Machinability investigation of 254 SMO super austenitic stainless steel in end milling under different cutting and lubri-cooling conditions
Authors: Passari Émerson S. , Souza André J. , Aita Carlos A. G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The application of super austenitic stainless steels (SASS) in the petroleum, chemical, and naval industries has gradually increased owing to their intrinsic properties, such as corrosion resistance and durability. Consequently, the low machinability of SASS is due to its high mechanical strength, low thermal conductivity, and high tendency to work hardening. The present work analyzes the influence of different cutting and lubri-cooling conditions on machining forces, tool wear, surface roughness, and chip features produced during end milling of SASS 254 SMO. The results showed that depth of cut was the most influential parameter on static and dynamic machining forces, whereas the effect of cutting speed was low expressive. The nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication provided more stability in force values and lower tool failures on the peripheral cutting edge for the total machined length than in flood condition. In comparison, dry machining resulted in higher tool failure and machining forces. Low roughness values were generated on the sample surface because the end-cutting edge did not exhibit substantial failures. The lubricating effect of NMQL also improves the surface quality of the machined workpiece. On the other hand, dry machining resulted in adhered materials owing to high temperatures in the cutting zone and flood milling in removing material particles from the surface due to work hardening. Furthermore, the generated chips corroborated the analysis of the lubri-cooling effects on the machinability of the material, highlighting the higher temperatures produced during dry cutting owing to changes in the surface color of chips.
Application of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion augmented with lateral vertebral screw for Adjacent Segment Disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhong Yuan , Wang Yujie , Chu Genglei , Chen Zhanhong , Li Renjie , Chentang Yiheng , Li Xuefeng , Liu Yijie , Jiang Weimin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) augmented with lateral vertebral screw fixation as revision surgery in adjacent segmental disease (ASD) treatment compared to transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) reoperation.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the orthopedic department of Dushu Lake Hospital affiliated to Suzhou University from January 2019 to June 2023. Thirty patients with ASD underwent single segmental OLIF augmented with lateral vertebral rod-screw fixation, and another thirty-two individuals had extended TLIF surgery as a revision surgery. All patients’ baseline conditions were evaluated. The duration of the operation, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Radiographic and clinical outcomes were also evaluated by intervetebral disc height (IDH), intervetebral foraminal height (IFH), intervetebral foraminal area (IFA), crosssectional area of the spinal canal (CSA), thickness of ligmentum flavum (TL), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and visual analog scale (VAS).
Results: The duration of operation (63.06 ± 8.02 min vs. 150.30 ± 7.20 min, respectively; P <0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (66.66 ± 13.15 ml vs. 311.10 ± 40.83 ml, respectively; P <0.001) were significantly lower than those in the TLIF group. The hospital stay (6.03 ± 0.61 days vs. 12.91 ± 0.73 days, respectively; P <0.001) was also significantly shorter than that in the TLIF group. Both groups have shown a significant decrease in ODI and VAS scores after the procedure (P <0.001). But the ODI scores (11.93 ± 5.03 vs. 15.44 ± 3.65; P =0.0018) and VAS (back and leg) were lower in the OLIF group at last follow-up. In the OLIF group, all radiographic parameters have improved after the surgery.
Conclusion: OLIF augmented with lateral vertebral rod-screw fixation may have been found to be a safer, faster, and more effective way to treat ASD based on our early clinical and radiographic outcomes of this study.