bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘Swimming Duck’ in Greek and Hittite
Authors: Katz Joshua T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper, a version of which was presented at the 206th Meeting of the American Oriental Society in Philadelphia in March 1996, expands on and revises a passing suggestion in Katz (2001: 210, with n. 16). It is a pleasure to dedicate a small and ‘anatine’ Graeco-Hittite etymology to Anna Morpurgo Davies, whose contributions to Greek and Anatolian linguistics have been astounding. For helpful comments I am grateful to Gillian R. Hart, P. Oktor Skjærø…, Brent Vine, Calvert Watkins, Michael Weiss, and especially H. Craig Melchert; I hereby acknowledge with thanks support from the National Science Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the Institute for Advanced Study.
I nomi delle figure dei miti greci nelle lingue dell’Italia arcaica. The First Traces of Achilles and Hercules in Latin
Authors: Rix Helmut 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
L’influsso greco in Italia centrale non si limitava alla cultura materiale, per quanto importante esso fosse in questo campo; comprendeva bensì anche l’area spirituale. In modo palese ed eminente ciò si verificò nella trasmissione dei miti, che sono un’interpretazione del mondo per mezzo di storie facilmente concepibili e raccontabili. A prescindere da pochi precursori (v. p. 437) miti greci erano presenti presso gli Etruschi, come e› noto, ma anche presso i Latini, a partire dal sesto secolo a.C., tanto in rappresentazioni artistiche o artigianali su vasi, specchi, gemme o pareti, quanto in didascalie aggiunte a queste rappresentazioni, talvolta anche in dediche.
Did Plato Have a Philosophy of Science? A Discussion of Andrew Gregory, Plato’s Philosophy of Science
Authors: Netz Reviel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
0ne is reminded of those clever web-squatters who identify, well in advance, that domain names such as ‘free.com’, ‘money.com’, ‘loveatfirstsight.com’ would be worth registering. But what a surprise to discover such an obvious domain registered so late! Apparently, this is the first book entitled ‘Plato’s Philosophy of Science’ and, besides all other praise deserved by Andrew Gregory, one must congratulate him for filling this important gap. For, of course, the matter is not merely that of title, and is of serious importance. Philosophers commonly make mention of Plato’s Philosophy of Science. This would imply the following assumption: that Plato had a body of doctrine that we can put under the heading ‘Philosophy of Science’. Most philosophers of science who are not specialists in ancient philosophy seem to take this assumption for granted. Here is the first reason why I am grateful for Gregory’s book. University introductions to ‘Western Intellectual History’ etc. make regular stops at this station-Plato’s Philosophy of Science-and now, finally, the students (as well as the instructors) have some guidebook. I wonder what most ancient specialists would think about this assumption that Plato had a philosophy of science. I am genuinely perplexed, thinking about it. Gregory put me into this perplexity: here is the second reason why I am grateful. In this essay I try to sketch my way out of the perplexity.
Platonic Souls as Persons
Authors: Long A A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of psyche is central to Plato’s philosophy. If you doubt that, try to imagine subtracting psyche from his metaphysics, cosmology, epistemology, or ethics. The theory of Forms, the structure of the universe, the conditions of understanding, virtue and happiness—all of these are intimately connected with Plato’s doctrine that rationality and desire for objective goodness are properties of the psyche at its best. In spite of its centrality, Plato’s generic concept of psyche is neither one of the most discussed nor one of the most admired features of his philosophy.1 Two principal reasons, I think, account for this state of affairs.
Reasons
Authors: Broome John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within the philosophy of normativity, the 1970s was the age of the discovery of reasons. Joseph Raz was one of the first explorers. In his Practical Reason and Norms, Raz carefully codified the concept of a reason, and he has been a leader in its development ever since. Since those years of discovery, reasons have come to dominate thinking about normativity. Some authors now believe normativity consists of little else. Raz himself says: The normativity of all that is normative consists in the way it is, or provides, or is otherwise related to reasons. All is reasons.
The Truth 1n Deontology
Authors: Pettit Philip , Smith Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let a deontological constraint be a pattern of action that people ought to adopt, even when doing so will not be for the best; more precisely, even when it will not be for the best in promoting conformity to that very course of action on the part of agents overall, or perhaps on the part of that agent over life as a whole. Deontologists argue that such constraints have a wide-spread and fundamental presence in moral thought. They govern how we should behave across a wide front, whether in our dealings with ourselves, with one another, or with the rest of nature. And the authority they have over us is not derived from the impersonal value of satisfying them, as teleologists or consequentialists would argue; it is in that sense fundamental.
Configurations
Authors: Erteschik-Shir Nomi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapters, we have seen that topic and focus play a central role in all languages, but that these notions can be signaled in a variety of ways. In this chapter, we examine the relationship between word order and topic-focus articulation. First, we examine languages in which the basic word order functions to signal topic and focus and contrast them with languages in which basic word order functions to signal syntactic argument type. We continue to investigate the role of the left periphery of the sentence in determining topic and focus roles (section 2). Fronting to the left periphery can also be altruistic. In such cases the fronted element itself does not play a particular IS role, yet its movement enables another element to take on an IS role it could otherwise not have. Altruistic fronting is examined in section 3. In section 4, we show that word order also marks information structure in cases of scrambling. Scrambling is then compared to Scandinavian object shift (section 5).
Identity, Cause, and Mind
Authors: Shoemaker Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is an expanded edition of Sydney Shoemaker’s seminal collection of his work on interrelated issues in the philosophy of mind and metaphysics. Reproducing all of the original papers, many of which are now regarded as classics, and including four papers published since the first edition appeared in 1984, Identity, Cause, and Mind’s reappearance will be warmly welcomed by philosophers and students alike.
Time without change
Authors: Shoemaker Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a widely held view that the passage of time necessarily involves change in such a way that there cannot be an interval of time in which no changes whatever occur. Aristotle spoke of time as “a kind of affection of motion,” and said that, although time cannot be simply equated with motion or with change, “neither does time exist without change.”1 Hume claimed that ‘“tis impossible to conceive ... a time when there was no succession or change in any real existence.”2 And McTaggart presented as something “universally admitted” the contention that “there could be no time if nothing changed” (from which, he claimed, it follows that everything is always changing, at least in its relational qualities).3
Causality and properties
Authors: Shoemaker Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is events, rather than objects or properties, that are usually taken by philosophers to be the terms of the causal relationship. But an event typically consists of a change in the properties or relationships of one or more objects, the latter being what Jaegwon Kim has called the “constituent objects” of the event.1 And when one event causes another, this will be in part because of the properties possessed by their constituent objects. Suppose, for example, that a man takes a pill and, as a result, breaks out into a rash. Here the cause and effect are, respectively, the taking of the pill and the breaking out into a rash. Why did the first event cause the second? Well, the pill was penicillin, and the man was allergic to penicillin. No doubt one could want to know more - for example, about the biochemistry of allergies in general and this one in particular. But there is a good sense in which what has been said already explains why the one event caused the other. Here the pill and the man are the constituent objects of the cause event, and the man is the constituent object of the effect event.
Identity, properties, and causality
Authors: Shoemaker Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I want to discuss in this essay a view about identity that goes back at least to Hume, namely that identity through time, or at any rate what we count as identity through time, consists at least in part in the holding of causal relations of certain kinds between momentary entities - events, or momentary thing-stages (phases, slices) - existing or occurring at different times. The idea is that what links these entities into the history of a single persisting object, or at least what makes us regard them as belonging to the history of a single object, is their being causally related in certain ways. The causal relation is, of course, not itself held to be the relation of identity.
A Site for Sorites
Authors: Priest Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Sorites is a very hard paradox; I think it is harder than the paradoxes of self-reference. A measure of this is the fact that the paradoxes of selfreference may be solved by abandoning the law of noncontradiction. This has seemed to some a very drastic solution. But even this cannot help solve the Sorites: Sorites arguments lead not just to contradictions that can be isolated, but to wholesale contradiction. Using Sorites arguments one can prove nearly everything.
A Definite No-No
Authors: Sorensen Roy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the summit of Delia Graff’s ‘Infinitely Higher-Order Vagueness’ (Graff 2003), I spied a curiosity nestled in the valley below; I was primed by Professor Graff’s high-altitude discussion of the relationship between definite operators and rules of inference. The puzzle I will discuss below echoes her interests; it raises, in miniature, an issue about the relationship between definiteness and proof. Since those presiding over this conference gave commentators wide latitude in their responses, I will not resist the temptation to lower the level of discussion.
Reference and Paradox
Authors: Simmons Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are only finitely many syllables of English. And so there are only finitely many phrases of English with fewer than nineteen syllables. But there are infinitely many integers, so there are integers not nameable by any phrase of English with fewer than nineteen syllables. And among these integers there is a least, cal1 it k. Then the phrase B denotes the integer k. But the phrase B itself has eighteen syllables. So the number not nameable in fewer than nineteen syllables is denoted by a phrase with eighteen syllables. We have a contradiction, and we are landed in paradox.
Linguistic Categorization
Authors: Taylor John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book provides a readable and clearly articulated introduction to the field of Cognitive Linguistics. It explores the far-reaching implications of Eleanor Rosch’s seminal work on categorization and prototype theory, extending the application of prototype theory from lexical semantics to morphology, syntax, and phonology. The third edition is fully revised and updated to include the considerable developments in Cognitive Linguistics since 1987. It covers recent research on polysemy, meaning relatedness and metaphors, as well as expanding the discussion of syntactic categories and the relevance of computer simulations.
Language and National Identity in Asia
Authors: Simpson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Language and National Identity in Asia is a comprehensive introduction to the role of language in the construction and development of nations and national identities in Asia. Leading scholars from all over the world investigate the role languages have played and now play in the formation of the national and social identity in countries throughout South, East, and Southeast Asia. They consider the relation of the regions' languages to national, ethnic, and cultural identity, and examine the status of and interactions between majority, official, and minority languages. Illustrated with maps and accessibly written this book will interest all those concerned to understand the dynamics of social change in some of the most important countries in the world. It will appeal to all those studying, researching, or teaching issues in Asian society, language, and politics from a comparative perspective.
Bangladesh
Authors: Thompson Hanne-Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The link between language and national identity and the significance of linguistic realities in the emergence of a new state could hardly be more poignant than in the case of Bangladesh, which attained independence in 1971. In asking the question ‘What actually makes us the people we are?’, we naturally think of our beliefs, our languages, and the places we call home, but are all of these of equal significance, and what happens when they are in conflict with one another? The story of Bangladesh is embedded in a network of ever-changing tensions, shifting threads, and an overlap of religious allegiances, geographical and economic factors, and language. The portrayal of how this country fought for the right to stand on its own feet, the emotions of people finally able to reclaim a song or a poem as part of their own heritage, the accounts of short-sightedness, stupidity, and brutal force on the part of governments, and the indomitable spirit of a small country with great people power make for a fascinating and at times troubling example of the human search for identity and belonging. And at the very centre of the struggle for independence and identity in Bangladesh following the partitioning of India has very clearly been language and a determined refusal to accept the imposition of a foreign language as a new symbol of national identity in place of a familiar and well-loved local mother tongue, showing just how critically important language issues can be in the definition of new nation-states.
China
Authors: Chen Ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) currently contains the world’s largest single-country population, with over 1.3 billion Chinese citizens distributed over an area approximately three times the size of western Europe. As a modern nation-state, China is comparatively young, having emerged during a twentieth century filled with tremendous internal turmoil and social change. As a civilization populated and maintained by a single dominant ethnic group sharing a common culture, however, China has a vast history with a writing system dating back at least as far as 1700 bc. This chapter examines issues relating to language and the establishment and support of national identity in modern, post-imperial China, and how language use is presently directed in contemporary China. In doing so, the chapter will make important reference to a distinction between ‘ideological’ versus ‘utilitarian’ views of language in relation to the development of modern nation-states, and to the value of languages as markers of the national, regional, and ethnic identity of their speakers.
Thailand and Laos
Authors: Simpson Andrew , Thammasathien Noi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines language and national identity issues in Thailand and also Laos. These two neighbouring states are grouped together here for the reason that both contain heavily dominant ‘Tai’ populations and have a long history of interaction with each other. The term ‘Tai’ itself refers to a particular group of languages which form a language family distinct from other major language families of east and southeast Asia such as the surrounding Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic and Austronesian groups. Speakers of the Tai group of languages originated in southeast China but migrated far and wide during the seventh to thirteenth centuries, reaching Assam in the west, northern Vietnam in the south, and modern-day Thailand and Laos in the southwest, where the greatest concentration of Tai speakers is still to be found, with 57 million in Thailand (90 per cent of the population), and 4 million in Laos (66 per cent of the population). The term ‘Thai’ (pronounced with an aspiration on the initial consonant which is absent from the pronunciation of ‘Tai’) is normally used to refer just to the inhabitants of Thailand, both as formal citizens of the country and as members of a single ethnic group identified by a largely shared language and culture. It is also frequently used to refer to the standardized variety of speech which has been strongly promoted within Thailand – Standard Thai. The term ‘Lao’ performs a similar function within the People’s Democratic Republic of Laos, being used to refer to citizens of the country and also to the particular sub-variety of Tai language and culture which is found throughout significant parts of the country. As will later be seen, both the terms ‘Thai’ and ‘Lao’ have been of considerable importance in attempts to mould national identities within the two countries.
Vietnam
Authors: Minh-Hăng Lê , O’Harrow Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vietnam is a country which has lived through extended periods of foreign influence and occupation, significant internal conflict and upheaval, and yet emerged from this into the late twentieth century with a distinct and vigorous national identity, and a remarkable sense of independence. At the centre of this identity, forming one of its critical, distinguishing components, is language, a broadly-shared national language (Vietnamese) that is now fully widespread in all domains of formal and informal life. This study of language and national identity in Vietnam is divided into six major sections. Section 19.2 provides basic information on the country of Vietnam and the languages spoken within its borders. Section 19.3 then considers language in Vietnam from an early historical perspective and how the majority ‘Kinh’ ethnic group and the Vietnamese language came into existence and spread throughout the territory of modern-day Vietnam following a long period of Chinese dominance of what eventually became the northern and central parts of the modern country. Section 19.4 subsequently focuses on the important competition which occurred between different written forms of language in Vietnam during the time of French colonial rule, and how the eventual triumph of a form of Romanized vernacular Vietnamese known as quocngu over previous systems based on Chinese characters reflected the development of nationalism in Vietnam and struggles within the country both against the French and older Confucianist traditions and the institutions and elites which maintained these as mechanisms of power. In section 19.5 the chapter turns to consider the energetic development of Vietnamese in post-WWII and independent Vietnam, and its expansion into a language that could be used in all areas of life, while section 19.6 reflects on language policy in Vietnam towards the country’s ethnic minority groups. The chapter is then closed in section 19.7 with a brief overview of the status of Vietnamese and its contribution to national identity in the present day.
New reproductive technologies: Whose human rights?
Authors: Almond Brenda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a new era of reproductive choice opens up, it raises many questions about where this expansion of possibilities may be leading. Some see a need for caution and would prefer to hold back on institutionalizing the untested social experiments made possible by novel progenitive procedures. Others welcome them as offering a new dawn for the family, which, they believe, has not been diminished, but renewed and regenerated in myriad new forms. They welcome the opportunity to create new kinds of family beyond the ‘traditional’ nuclear family — a man and a woman raising their own offspring.
Plato’S Metaphysics of Morals
Authors: Reeve C D C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because craft (τ∊Xvn) constituted the paradigm of knowledge when Plato began to develop his philosophy, he used it-critically as a model. He uncovered epistemological flaws in the crafts and described, in outline at least, a craft-like science that avoided them. This science, which has the Good itself as its un hypothetical because dialectically defensible-first principle, is the superordinate craft that occupies the pinnacle of an allegedly unique craft hierarchy. It is philosophy as Plato conceives of it. Its deep similarities to Aristotle’s science of first principles-metaphysics or primary philosophy-should be evident, though there are, it goes without saying, deep differences as well.
Is There Room for Anaxagoras in an Aristotelian Theory of Mind?
Authors: Lewis Frank A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In De anima 3. 4, Aristotle sets himself the twin tasks of identifying what is distinctive about mind or nous-about ‘the part of the soul with which the soul knows and understands’ (429"10-11, cf. 23)-and of explaining how thinking ever comes about. At the close of the chapter he pursues two connected puzzles that threaten to undermine his work on the second task.
Introduction: Prospects and Problems for Teleosemantics
Authors: Macdonald Graham , Papineau David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The programme that has come to be known as ‘teleosemantics’ aims to offer a naturalistic account of mental representation. That is, it aims to show how the representational powers of mental states fit into the world revealed by the natural sciences. It is distinguished from other naturalistic approaches to mental representation by its reliance on a notion of function that plays a prominent role in biology: thus it explains the truth conditions of belief-like states, say, or the satisfaction conditions of desire-like states, in terms of the biological functions of these states. In the next section we shall give fuller details of the ways in which teleosemanticists have used the notion of function to explain representation. But first it is worth considering exactly how teleosemantics might contribute to the general project of naturalization. The notion of ‘naturalism’ is much contested.