bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of the HeIλ5876 Å line in early type chemically peculiar stars. II
Authors: Catanzaro G. , Leone F. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractTo try to understand the behavior of helium variability in Chemically Peculiar stars, we continued our on‐going observational campaign started by Catanzaro, Leone & Catalano (1999). In this paper we present a new set of time resolved spectroscopic observations of the HeI5876 Å line for a sample of 10 stars in the spectral range B3 ‐ A2 and characterized by different overabundances.This line does not show variability in two stars: HD77350 and HD175156. It shows instead an equivalent width variation in phase with the Hipparcos light curve for two stars: HD79158 and HD196502. Antiphase variations have been found in 4 stars of our sample, namely: HD35502, HD124224, HD129174 and HD142990. Nothing we can say about HD115735 because of the constancy of Hipparcos photometric data, while no phase relation has been observed for HD90044.In the text we discuss the case of HD175156, according to photometric calibration and our spectroscopic observations we rule out the membership of this star to the main sequence chemically peculiar stars.We confirm the results obtained in the previous paper for which phase relations between light, spectral and magnetic variations are not dependent on stellar spectral type or peculiarity subclass.
Calculated atmospheric color refraction and observed stellar positions
Authors: Langhans R. , Malyuto V. , Potthoff H. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAstrometric observations at different zenith distances have been performed in Dresden in an area centered atNGC 6791 where there are some stars with reliable color information (widely dispersed spectral types in the MK systemand color indices BT – VT) as well as with accurate positions from Tycho‐2 catalog. The results are used to estimate how significant improvements in stellar positions may be when accurate corrections for color refraction are taken into account. We have treated two cases for refraction calculations: (1) a photometric case for color indices and (2) a spectral case for spectral types and luminosity classes. To calculate refraction we use Stone's modified computer code (Malyuto & Meinel 2000). To treat the photometric case we have calculated the synthetic color indices for the spectral energy distributions of Sviderskiene (1988). The positional improvements due to including color refraction corrections are significant and slightly larger in the spectral case. An improvement of about 15% is reached at a zenith distance of 65°. Our basic conclusion is that color refraction should be taken into account for obtaining accurate stellar positions from ground based observations at larger zenith distances. Reliable refraction corrections may be calculated from spectral and/or photometric data.
Gravitational singularities via acceleration: The case of the Schwarzschild solution and Bach's gamma metric
Authors: Antoci S. , Liebscher D.‐E. , Mihich L. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe so called gamma metric corresponds to a two‐parameter family of axially symmetric, static solutions of Einstein's equations found by Bach. It contains the Schwarzschild solution for a particular value of one of the parameters, that rules a deviation from spherical symmetry.It is shown that there is invariantly definable singular behaviour beyond the one displayed by the Kretschmann scalar when a unique, hypersurface orthogonal, timelike Killing vector exists. In this case, a particle can be defined to be at rest when its world‐line is a corresponding Killing orbit. The norm of the acceleration on such an orbit proves to be singular not only for metrics that deviate from Schwarzschild's metric, but also on approaching the horizon of Schwarzschild metric itself, in contrast to the discontinuous behaviour of the curvature scalar.
Erratum: XMM‐Newton view of the Hubble Deep Field‐North and Groth‐Westphal Strip regions
Authors: Miyaji T. , Griffiths R.E. , Lumb D. , Sarajedini V. , Siddiqui H. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn the paper, “XMM‐Newton view of the Hubble Deep Field‐North and Groth‐Westphal strip regions” by Miyaji et al. (2003), we found that one of the data points on Fig. 1 was incorrectly plotted. The corrected figure is shown below.
The emergence of green venture capital
Authors: Randjelovic Jelena , O'Rourke Anastasia R. , Orsato Renato J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractInnovative financing mechanisms are needed to facilitate sustainable development. In the past few years, socially responsible investments have emerged as a successful type of financing scheme but many eco‐oriented start‐up companies remain under‐funded. Apparently, environmental innovations have only recently caught the attention of an important financial sector: venture capital (VC). The article describes the emerging phenomenon of environment‐related VC (or green VC) and provides an overview of the current market for this type of investment. The paper delves into this industry, revealing its characteristics, processes and mechanisms. The study also uncovers the main problems faced by eco‐entrepreneurs as well as venture capitalists interested in this type of venture. Finally, it analyses the drivers for green VC and attempts to identify the sources of innovation and the uniqueness of these emerging financial products. Based on the analysis, the paper also derives a definition of green VC. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sustainability labelling schemes: the logic of their claims and their functions for stakeholders
Authors: de Boer Joop 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn this paper the author examines the role of labelling and certification schemes in the pursuit of policies to make production and consumption processes more sustainable. From a logical point of view, labels are conceived as claims put forward by sellers to inform buyers about certain characteristics of their products. In the case of sustainability, labels might identify relevant ‘ideals’ to approach and/or significant ‘ills’ to escape. Toulmin's argumentation theory is used to show how claims can be substantiated and challenged. Based on literature on the behaviour of the main stakeholders, the author discusses what labelling means for producers, consumers, policymakers and other groups in society. In the conclusions, attention is drawn to the way in which societal pressure might interact with market forces to shape the information environment for products and services. As a result, the role of sustainability labels might become more differentiated, varying from direct shopping aids to background quality assurances. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Symbolic politics in environmental regulation: corporate strategic responses
Authors: Matten Dirk 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThough not entirely new in political science in general, the concept of symbolic politics (SP) currently meets a vivid reception in law and economics. Yet little attention has been paid to SP from a business perspective. Elements of SP are found in nearly all fields of environmental legislation, and the paper will focus on those empirical examples that have a particular effect on markets, the competitive situation of businesses and corporate strategies in general. The consequences of SP for companies are analysed from two different perspectives. First, business will be seen as an addressee of SP. Specific corporate consequences and reactions are discussed. Second, corporations can be regarded as users of SP, as they assume increasingly a role as political actors themselves. This results from certain developments in environmental regulation as well as from the fact that globalization increasingly weakens national governments and their political power, while at the same time corporate actors assume more influence and responsibility. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A new politics of engagement: shareholder activism for corporate social responsibility
Authors: O'Rourke Anastasia 
Published: July 2003

AbstractShareholder groups are increasingly going beyond the decision to invest, not to invest, or to divest by proposing and voting on company specific corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues at annual shareholder meetings. This activity is joined by an increasingly sophisticated ‘strategy of engagement’ by both shareholders and companies. In the process, a model of investor capitalism based on ‘responsible ownership’ is being forged that addresses social and environmental issues previously outside the domain of most shareholders. This paper traces a historical perspective on the growth and spread of shareholder activism, describes the key actors currently involved in this activity, illustrates the CSR issues being raised, explains the process of preparing resolutions and entering into dialogue, assesses some of the results gained so far and lays a conceptual foundation to help analyse the effectiveness of shareholder activism and assess the viability of models of ‘shareholder democracy’. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Corporate environmental management and sustainable enterprise: the influence of information processing and decision styles
Authors: Sweet Susanne , Roome Nigel , Sweet Patrick 
Published: July 2003

AbstractResearch suggests that corporate environmental management and sustainability demand that managers can think systemically, integrate different facets of environment and business problems and support choices and collaborative action involving disparate partners. To learn more about how the decision styles of managers influenced managerial outcomes we used a theory and method of assessing decision styles, together with a complex simulation game. Theory characterizes five different decision making styles and addresses how managers deal with complexity when solving problems. It suggests managers with certain styles ‘interact and perform’ in predictable ways under given situations. In our empirical work, we presented a sample of managers with a common situation (a complex simulation game designed around the ‘greening of a specific industry’). We explored how different teams, selected on the basis of their patterns in decision‐making style, ‘performed’ in the simulation. Our results show qualitatively different responses by teams with different patterns of decision‐making style. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
On the path to sustainability: integrating social dimensions into the research and practice of environmental management
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Ruud Audun 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe theme of theTenth International Conference of the Greening of Industry Networkin Göteborg, Sweden, was focused on exploring the social dimensions of sustainability. This focus is timely because extant research and practice in sustainability has emphasized the environmental dimension. The UNWCED definition of sustainable development as ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ is clear about the integration of the economic, ecological and social impacts of development (UNWCED, 1987, p. 43). As underlined by UNWCED, sustainable development refers to the concept of ‘needs’, but limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organizations on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs are also a central concern. Lafferty and Langhelle (1999) suggest that sustainable development must be treated as an ethical code for human survival and progress, and it is on a par with other high‐minded ideas such as democracy, freedom and human rights. The ‘openness of meaning’ of such concepts can never be closed and the fruitfulness of the concept of sustainable development is linked to continued political discourse on the concept's content and future goals and to the continuing debate about the instrumental implications of its normative aspirations (Lafferty and Langhelle, 1999, p. 26). The tenth GIN conference with its explicit focus on the social dimensions of sustainability facilitated the continuation of this discourse.Just as scholars and practitioners concerned with sustainable development have focused mainly on environmental management, those concerned with corporate social responsibility (CSR) have focused on social and ethical issues such as human rights, working conditions and philanthropy. The social principles of justice and inclusiveness embedded in the concept of sustainable development have entered the corporate or research agenda to a very limited extent, even among firms making promising environmental efforts at a global scale (Ruud, 2002a). Promoting sustainable development requires that governments incorporate these principles into designing holistic policies that motivate and enable firms to develop more sustainable strategies (Roome and Cahill, 2001). This was also underlined by the chief executive officer of the Volvo group during the first plenary session of the GIN conference in Gothenburg.We begin by examining to what extent the social aspects of sustainability have been integrated into public policy and government regulations and then into organizational research and practice. We then examine the extent to which the best representative papers in this volume from the tenth GIN conference have been able to achieve the integration of social and environmental dimensions. We conclude with some thoughts on future directions for sustainability research. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Efficacy and toxicity of caspofungin in combination with liposomal amphotericin B as primary or salvage treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Hachem Ray , Lewis Russell E. , Rivero Gustavo A. , Torres Harrys A. , Thornby John , Champlin Richard , Kantarjian Hagop , Bodey Gerald P. , Raad Issam I. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCaspofungin (CAS) as salvage therapy for refractory invasive aspergillosis (IA) had a response rate of 45% among a heterogeneous group of patients. The use of CAS with other agents is appealing given its unique mechanism of action. Therefore, the authors retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of CAS plus liposomal amphotericin B (LipoAMB) in patients with documented (definite or probable) or possible IA.METHODSPatients were evaluable for outcome if they received CAS/LipoAMB for at least 7 days. Patients who received CAS and LipoAMB sequentially were excluded. All patients were evaluable for toxicity. Outcome was assessed weekly and at the end of therapy. Stable disease and progression were considered treatment failures.RESULTSForty‐eight patients with documented (n = 23) or possible (n = 25) IA were identified between March 2001 and December 2001. The majority of the patients (65%) received CAS/LipoAMB as salvage therapy for progressive IA despite 7 or more days of previous LipoAMB monotherapy. The overall response rate was 42%. No significant toxic effects were seen. Factors associated with failure at the end of therapy were documented IA (P = 0.03), significant steroid use before the study (P = 0.02), and duration of combination therapy for less than14 days (P =0.01). The response rate in patients with progressive documented IA was low (18%).CONCLUSIONSThe CAS/LipoAMB combination is a promising preemptive therapy for IA and was generally well tolerated. This combination might have limited benefit as salvage therapy for documented IA. Cancer 2003;98:292–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11479
Comparing the performance of MPICH with Cray's MPI and with SGI's MPI
Authors: Luecke Glenn R. , Kraeva Marina , Ju Lili 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of MPICH with the vendor Message Passing Interface (MPI) on a Cray T3E‐900 and an SGI Origin 3000. Seven basic communication tests which include basic point‐to‐point and collective MPI communication routines were chosen to represent commonly‐used communication patterns. Cray's MPI performed better (and sometimes significantly better) than Mississippi State University's (MSU's) MPICH for small and medium messages. They both performed about the same for large messages, however for three tests MSU's MPICH was about 20% faster than Cray's MPI. SGI's MPI performed and scaled better (and sometimes significantly better) than MPICH for all messages, except for the scatter test where MPICH outperformed SGI's MPI for 1 kbyte messages. The poor scalability of MPICH on the Origin 3000 suggests there may be scalability problems with MPICH. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The LINPACK Benchmark: past, present and future
Authors: Dongarra Jack J. , Luszczek Piotr , Petitet Antoine 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the LINPACK Benchmark and some of its variations commonly used to assess the performance of computer systems. Aside from the LINPACK Benchmark suite, the TOP500 and the HPL codes are presented. The latter is frequently used to obtained results for TOP500 submissions. Information is also given on how to interpret the results of the benchmark and how the results fit into the performance evaluation process. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of the EARTH programming model on SMP clusters: a multi‐threaded language and runtime system
Authors: Tremblay G. , Morrone C. J. , Amaral J. N. , Gao G. R. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the design and implementation of an Efficient Architecture for Running THreads (EARTH) runtime system for a multi‐processor/multi‐node cluster. The (EARTH) model was designed to support the efficient execution of parallel (multi‐threaded) programs with irregular fine‐grain parallelism using off‐the‐shelf computers. Implementing an EARTH runtime system requires an explicitly threaded runtime system. For portability, we built this runtime system on top of Pthreads under Linux and used sockets for inter‐node communication. Moreover, in order to make the best use of the resources available on a cluster of symmetric multi‐processors (SMP), this implementation enables the overlapping of communication and computation.We used Threaded‐C, a language designed to implement the programming model supported by the EARTH architecture. This language allows the expression of various levels of parallelism and provides the primitives needed to manage the required communication and synchronization. The Threaded‐C programming language supports irregular fine‐grain parallelism through a two‐level hierarchy of threads and fibers. It also provides various synchronization and communication constructs that reflect the nature of EARTH's fibers—non‐preemptive execution with data‐driven scheduling—as well as the extensive use of split‐phase transactions on EARTH to execute long‐latency operations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing OODB semantics to support browsing in an OODB vocabulary representation
Authors: Liu Li‐min , Geller James , Perl Yehoshua 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn previous work, we have modeled a vocabulary given as a semantic network by an object‐oriented database (OODB). The OODB schema thus obtained provides a compact abstract view of the vocabulary. This enables the fast traversal of the vocabulary by a user. In the semantic network vocabulary, the IS‐A relationships express the specialization hierarchy. In our OODB modeling of the vocabulary, the SUBCLASS relationship expresses the specialization hierarchy of the classes and supports the inheritance of their properties. A typical IS‐A path in the vocabulary has a corresponding shorter SUBCLASS path in the OODB schema.In this paper we expose several cases where the SUBCLASS hierarchy fails to fully correspond to the IS‐A hierarchy of the vocabulary. In these cases there exist traversal paths in the semantic network for which there are no corresponding traversal paths in the OODB schema. The reason for this failure is the existence of some IS‐A relationships between concepts of two classes, which are not connected by a SUBCLASS relationship. This phenomenon weakens the accuracy of our modeling.To rectify the situation we introduce a new OODB semantic relationship IS‐A$'$ to represent the existence of IS‐A relationships between concepts of a pair of classes which are not connected via a SUBCLASS relationship. The resulting schema contains both SUBCLASS relationships and IS‐A$'$ relationships which completely model the IS‐A hierarchy of the vocabulary. We define a mixed‐class level traversal path to contain either SUBCLASS or IS‐A$'$ relationships. Consequently, each traversal path in the semantic network has a corresponding mixed traversal path in the OODB schema. Hence the introduction of the semantic OODB IS‐A$'$ relationship improves the modeling of semantic network vocabularies by OODBs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ observation experiment for semiconductor solution growth under reduced convection condition – a review
Authors: Inatomi Yuko , Kuribayashi Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2003

AbstractMorphological stability of solid/liquid interface in semiconductor crystal growth from solution has been investigated using a near‐infrared microscopic interferometer under a reduced convection condition by authors and Prof. Benz's group. In the result, step kinetic coefficient of the interface of GaP/GaP(111)B in liquid phase epitaxy growth was obtained and the estimated value of macrostep wavelength agreed well with the measured one.
Non‐stoichiometry related defects at the melt growth of semiconductor compound crystals – a review
Authors: Rudolph P. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAn overview on the defect knowledge in IV‐VI (PbTe), II‐VI (CdTe) and III‐V (GaAs, InP) semiconductor compound crystals in dependence on non‐stoichiometric growth conditions from the melt is given. The treatment starts with the today's informations about the phase relations, i.e. the shape of the existence regions versus stoichiometry. Non‐stoichiometry related melt growth phenomena are specified. After that selected intrinsic point defects and their influence on the impurity incorporation as function of deviation from stoichiometry are discussed. The interaction processes between native point defects and dislocation formation is touched. Finally, the serious mechanisms of precipitation and inclusion incorporation are shown. Possible measures of defect minimization are mentioned.
Review: Nucleation in solutions revisited
Authors: Kashchiev D. , van Rosmalen G. M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractExisting and new results in nucleation in solutions are outlined from a unified point of view. The thermodynamics of the process is considered and expressions are given for the supersaturation, the nucleation work and the size of the nucleus in homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation. It is shown how the nucleation theorem can be used for a model‐independent determination of the nucleus size from experimental data. The mechanism and kinetics of nucleation are also considered and formulae are presented for the supersaturation dependence of the monomer attachment frequency and the stationary rate of homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation. General expressions for the induction time and the critical supersaturation ratio for crystallization are given. An approximate formula is derived for estimating the width of the metastable zone with the help of data for the solubility of the substance crystallized. Existing experimental data are used for verification of the validity of some of the presented theoretical dependences.