bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les obstacles au plein investissement de la paternité tels que représentés par des pères haïtiens
Authors: Gilbert Gabrièle , Gilbert Sophie 
Published: January 2024

Cadre de recherche :La difficulté d’investissement du père envers son enfant, surtout après la séparation d’avec la mère, est un phénomène courant en Haïti. Cette problématique – qui expose les femmes et les enfants à des conséquences négatives – est peu documentée dans les écrits scientifiques.Objectif :L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre la manière dont des pères haïtiens se représentent les entraves possibles au plein investissement de la paternité en Haïti.Méthodologie : Un devis qualitatif de recherche a été employé. À l’aide d’une question d’entame ouverte, la chercheuse a invité les participants à partager leur expérience subjective de la paternité. Une démarche de co-construction de sens a été menée avec les sujets de recherche. Onze pères, vivant en Haïti et n’ayant pas de contacts réguliers avec au moins un de leurs enfants, ont été rencontrés. Nous avons réalisé deux entretiens (chacun d’une heure et demie) avec 10 participants, ce qui porte le nombre total d’entretiens à 21.Résultats : Une analyse thématique a révélé différents obstacles potentiels au plein investissement paternel en Haïti, dont la difficulté pour le père à prendre sa place au sein d’une configuration familiale matrifocale, la répétition d’un modèle paternel défaillant, la tendance à adopter des comportements d’évitement (sous-tendus par des enjeux narcissiques), ainsi que le désinvestissement psychique de la paternité réelle au profit d’une paternité imaginée.Conclusions : Alors que le plein investissement de leur paternité semble être régulièrement repoussé par les pères rencontrés, l’enfant demeure présent à travers leurs pensées. La participation des pères à notre recherche suggère un désir de changement par rapport à la problématique.Contribution : Outre sa contribution aux écrits scientifiques, cette étude offre des pistes de recherche pour l’avenir. Des recommandations concernant l’intervention y sont émises, avec un accent sur la transformation de l’investissement de la paternité en Haïti.
Melibea et le devenir sujet : questionnements et ambigüités autour de la volonté et du consentement dans <i>La Celestina</i<
Authors: Orobitg Christine 
Published: January 2024

Cet article propose une lecture de La Celestina et, plus précisément, du personnage de Melibea à la lumière d'une série de catégories qui nourrissent les systèmes de pensée les plus actuels : la pensée féministe contemporaine, les philosophies contemporaines (en particulier les philosophies du désir), et les débats juridiques parfois très récents autour des questions du discernement et du consentement. Cette appréhension du texte célestinesque à travers ce prisme-là nous conduira à analyser (et à questionner) les catégories d'objet et de sujet, le « devenir sujet », ainsi que les notions de volonté, d'agentivité, de libre arbitre et de consentement. Une telle lecture nous amènera à remettre en cause certaines lectures qui voient dans la pièce de Rojas une œuvre pré-féministe, un hymne à la liberté ou la mise en scène d'une « libération » féminine progressive, dans laquelle Melibea passe de la catégorie d'objet à celle de sujet.
Web search strategies and approaches to studying
Authors: Ford Nigel , Miller David , Moss Nicola 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper reports results from a project, which sought to investigate the relationship between study approaches and Web‐based information seeking. Factor analyses were applied to data from over 500 queries submitting in response to three different search tasks to identify clusters of variables associated with three Web‐based search strategies: Boolean, best‐match, and combined. A consistent pattern emerged across the nine analyses in relation to a number of study approach variables. Boolean searching was consistently associated with a reproductive (as opposed to meaning‐oriented) approach, anxiety (in the form of fear of failure), and high levels of active interest. Best‐match was associated with the converse of all these measures. Combined searching was differentiated from both Boolean and best‐match by being associated with poor time management. There was also some evidence of changes in strategy in relation to task complexity. A model is introduced which seeks to explain these results. This project was exploratory in nature, and the pattern of findings are proposed as prima facie evidence to support the notion that study approaches can influence choice of search strategies. The results are considered essentially as hypotheses for further systematic study, for which suggestions are made.
Searching for images: The analysis of users' queries for image retrieval in American history
Authors: Choi Youngok , Rasmussen Edie M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUsers' queries for visual information in American history were studied to identify the image attributes important for retrieval and the characteristics of users' queries for images. The queries were collected from 38 faculty and graduate students of American history in 1999 in a local setting. Pre‐ and post‐test questionnaires and interview were employed to gather users' requests and search terms. The Library of Congress American Memory photo archive was used to search for images. Thirty‐eight natural language statements, 185 search terms provided by the participants, and 219 descriptors indicated by the participants in relevant retrieved records were analyzed to find the distribution of subject content of users' queries. Over half of the search requests fell into the category “general/nameable needs.” It was also found that most image content was described in terms of kind of person, thing, event, or condition depending on location or time. Title, date, and subject descriptors were mentioned as appropriate representation of image subject content. The result of this study suggests the principle categories of search terms for users in American history, suggesting directions for the development of indexing tools and system design for image retrieval systems.
A method for the comparative analysis of concentration of author productivity, giving consideration to the effect of sample size dependency of statistical measures
Authors: Yoshikane Fuyuki , Kageura Kyo , Tsuji Keita 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this article, we propose a method for the comparative analysis of concentration in author productivity distributions. We define the notion of concentration on the basis of two viewpoints (absolute and relative concentration) and select G (Gini's index) and V (the number of authors) as suitable measures for these two viewpoints. We then discuss the statistical peculiarity of author productivity data (i.e., most of the statistical measures change systematically according to changes in the sample size) and we explain our method using developmental profiles, which takes into account the sample size dependency of statistical measures. Finally, by applying it to actual data, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
Multiperspective digital libraries: The implications of constructionism for the development of digital libraries
Authors: Tuominen Kimmo , Talja Sanna , Savolainen Reijo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe article highlights the importance of conceptual and theoretical work in the design of information retrieval systems. Two epistemological positions leading to different solutions in digital library (DL) design are examined: the information transfer perspective and the social contructionist knowledge production perspective. The first section of the paper explores how the information transfer perspective affects the principles by which documents are organized in DLs. The second section analyzes the basic assumptions of the knowledge production perspective. The third section discusses how social constructionist ideas affect the design principles and information architecture of DLs. The authors suggest that, in the electronic information environment, traditional noun‐based approaches can be replaced by solutions that combine verbs and nouns to visualize the structure of conversations concerning a particular issue or topic. Finally, the potentials and problems of building constructionist digital libraries are discussed.
Atenolol developmental toxicity: Animal‐to‐human comparisons
Authors: Tabacova Sonia , Kimmel Carole A. , Wall Kelly , Hansen Deborah 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAtenolol, 4‐2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐isopropyl‐aminopropoxy) phenylacetamide, is a beta‐adrenoreceptor blocker used for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Beta‐blockers are reported to cause fetal harm (such as decreased birth weight) when administered to a pregnant woman. We evaluate published human and animal evidence of atenolol developmental toxicity and compare the manifestations in humans and in routinely‐used animal models.METHODSThe comparison is based on the following criteria: comparability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics, type of adverse outcome, lowest adverse effect levels, and specificity and selectivity of effect.RESULTSManifestations of atenolol prenatal toxicity (placental changes, intrauterine growth retardation and changes in fetal weight in the absence of structural malformations) are similar in the tested animal species (rats and rabbits) and humans. The human seems to be more sensitive, however, because adverse embryo‐fetal effects are reported at doses much lower than those in the tested species. In humans and rats, adverse embryo‐fetal effects are induced by doses that are not maternally toxic. In the rabbit, however, such effects are seen only at maternally toxic doses, suggesting that in this species, developmental toxicity may be maternally mediated.CONCLUSIONSThe available data suggest animal–human concordance with regard to the nature and manifestations of atenolol prenatal toxicity. The animal models “predicted” developmental toxicity manifests as placental changes, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal weight decrease in the absence of structural malformations. Thus far, this is concordant with the data from humans, in whom intrauterine growth retardation has been observed but not structural abnormalities. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:181–192, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for neural tube defects: Associations between uncoupling protein 2 polymorphisms and spina bifida
Authors: Volcik Kelly A. , Shaw Gary M. , Zhu Huiping , Lammer Edward J. , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolymorphisms in the mitochondrial membrane transporter gene UCP2 are capable of affecting energy metabolism, body weight regulation, and possibly preventing the buildup of reactive oxygen species, all factors that could contribute to neural tube defect risk through maternal obesity and diabetes.METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from newborn screening blood spots obtained from infants with spina bifida and nonmalformed control infants. Genotype frequencies of two genetic variants in the UCP2 gene, an amino acid substitution of valine for alanine at codon 55 in exon 4, and a 45‐base pair insertion/deletion in the 3′ untranslated region of exon 8, were determined by restriction enzyme digestion of PCR amplification products.RESULTSWe found the frequency of the 3′untranslated region deletion homozygous genotype (256/256) as well as the A55V homozygous (Val/Val) genotype to be higher in SB infants than in controls (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–10.4 and OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 0.3–11.1, respectively). Additionally, the frequency of the combined homozygous 256/256,+/+ genotype was higher in cases and resulted in more than a threefold higher spina bifida risk (OR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.0–13.1).CONCLUSIONSThese data are the first to suggest that polymorphisms in the UCP2 gene may be genetic risk factors of spina bifida. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67158–161, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anticonvulsant valproic acid inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells by increasing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Na Lan , Wartenberg Maria , Nau Heinz , Hescheler Jürgen , Sauer Heinrich 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA) exerts teratogenic properties and has been demonstrated to cause neural tube defects and malformations of the heart. The effect of VPA on the differentiation of cardiomyocytes from pluripotent murine embryonic stem cells (ES cells) was investigated.METHODSEmbryoid bodies derived from ES cells were treated with different concentrations of VPA and the differentiation of cardiomyocytes was monitored by immunohistochemical staining for sarcomeric α‐actinin. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the use of the dead cell stain SYTOX green. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the tissue were evaluated by the use of the redox‐sensitive dye dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA).RESULTSVPA retarded the growth of ES cell‐derived embryoid bodies but did not exert cytotoxic effects. The compound dose‐dependently inhibited the development of spontaneously beating clusters of cardiomyocytes within embryoid bodies grown from ES cells and reduced the extension of beating areas of cardiac cells. Furthermore, VPA significantly increased ROS levels, indicating that VPA altered the intracellular redox balance. To investigate whether the inhibition of cardiomyocyte differentiation by VPA was owing to increased ROS overwhelming the intracellular antioxidative defense, the compound was coadministered with the free radical scavenger vitamin E.CONCLUSIONSThis treatment significantly restored cardiomyogenic differentiation, indicating that VPA inhibits cardiomyogenesis of ES cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:174–180, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of heart morphology: Current molecular and cellular perspectives on the coordinated emergence of cardiac form and function
Authors: Linask Kersti K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundDuring early heart development, in addition to cells being induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, pathways are activated that lead to cardiac morphogenesis or the development of form.MethodsOrchestration of organogenesis involves the incremental activation of regulatory pathways that lead to pivotal transition points, such as cardiac compartment delineation and looping. Each embryonic stage sets up the correct patterning of morphoregulatory molecules that will regulate the next process, until an organ is formed from the mesoderm layer after gastrulation. The current review provides an understanding of the morphoregulatory, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix‐mediated, processes that coordinate development of heart form with that of function. The period reviewed encompasses the formation of a definitive cardiac compartment from the lateral plate mesoderm to the time‐point in which the single, beating heart tube loops directionally to the right. Looping results in the correct spatial orientation for subsequent modeling of the four‐chambered heart. Even subtle alterations in looping can form the basis upon which malformations of the inlet or the outlet regions of the heart, or both, are superimposed.ResultsIn the future, DNA microarray data sets may allow modeling the specific sequence of gene regulatory dynamics leading to these transition points to discover the regulatory “modes” that the cells adopt during heart organogenesis. The regulatory genes, however, can only specify the proteins that will be present.ConclusionsTo fully understand the timing and mechanisms underlying heart development, it is necessary to define the sequential synthesis, patterning, and interaction of the proteins, and of still other receptors, which eventually drive cells to organize into functioning organs. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 69:14–24, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive phenotypic analysis of cardiovascular structure and function in fetal mice using ultrasound
Authors: Leatherbury Linda , Yu Qing , Lo Cecilia W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMethodsWe established methods for noninvasive mouse fetal heart imaging using an Acuson/Siemens Sequoia ultrasound scanner equipped with a single‐pulse CHIRP Coded Excitation program, and a high‐frequency linear array transducer. Mouse fetuses spanning gestation day 12.5 to 18.5 (E12.5–E18.5) were studied.ResultsControlled anesthetic and constant body temperature were found to be essential for hemodynamic stability of the mother and fetuses. Fetal heart rates increased from 160 to 220 beats/min as development progressed. These heart rates were lower than those of newborn mice, so that frame rates above 100 Hz adequately resolved structural details in 2D without misregistration. Analysis of 2D images showed a doubling in crown‐to‐rump length (8–19 mm), and rapid growth of the heart from 1 to 3 mm in diameter as fetuses developed from E12.5 to E18.5. A cumulative increase in scanning modalities was achieved with increasing developmental age, with the optimal stage for scanning being E16.5. At E16.5 right and left could be distinguished, and it was possible to obtain diagnostic 2D color flow Doppler in the four‐chamber, apical long axis 3/5‐chamber and short axis views. In addition, M‐mode images of high quality were obtainable from E15.5 to E18.5, whereas spectral Doppler signals could be obtained readily from E12.5 onwards.ConclusionsThese studies show that ultrasound imaging can be used for structural and functional analysis of the developing mammalian heart, even at early stages of development. Such noninvasive cardiovascular ultrasonic evaluation should be ideally suited for high throughput screening of mutagenized mice. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 69:83–91, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early events in valvulogenesis: A signaling perspective
Authors: Barnett Joey V. , Desgrosellier Jay S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe proper formation and function of the vertebrate heart requires a multitude of specific cell and tissue interactions. These interactions drive the early specification and assembly of components of the cardiovascular system that lead to a functioning system before the attainment of the definitive cardiac and vascular structures seen in the adult. Many of these adult structures are hypothesized to require both proper molecular and physical cues to form correctly. Unlike any other organ system in the embryo, the cardiovascular system requires concurrent function and formation for the embryo to survive. An example of this complex interaction between molecular and physical cues is the formation of the valves of the heart. Both molecular cues that regulate cell transformation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition, and physical cues emanating from the beating heart, as well as hemodynamic forces, are required for valvulogenesis. This review will focus on molecules and emerging pathways that guide early events in valvulogenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 69:58–72, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sculpting the cardiac outflow tract
Authors: Rothenberg Florence , Fisher Steven A. , Watanabe Michiko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe cardiac outflow tract is the site of anomalies that affect a substantial proportion of individuals with congenital heart defects. The morphogenesis of this site is complex, and requires coordinated development of many cell types and tissues. It is therefore not surprising that developmental mistakes arise here, and that the steps and mechanisms of morphogenesis are still controversial and poorly understood, despite advances in molecular techniques. Recent findings have provided new insight into mechanisms of outflow tract morphogenesis, including clarification of its origins and the fate of cardiomyocytes, as well as invading cell populations. Application of new and old techniques and a wide range of approaches to tackle the unanswered questions about the outflow tract calls for collaboration among investigators from different disciplines including anatomists, physiologists, and molecular biologists. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 69:38–45, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of the K channels by cytoplasmic domains
Authors: Choe Senyon , Roosild Tarmo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRegulation of intracellular potassium levels is one of the basic functions of all cells, controlling cellular osmolarity and transmitting information. In higher organisms, elaborate control of transmembrane potassium flux has evolved to endow nervous systems with the remarkable ability to transmit electrical signals between cells. Multiple genes, gene splicing, mRNA editing, and selective tetrameric assembly of K channel genes provide the basis for creating distinct electrophysiological properties at varying developmental and cellular stages. This assembly mechanism, primarily governed by the T1 domain, is under the control of intracellular signals. Atomic structures of the isolated T1 domains of Shaker and Shaw subfamilies provided us with valuable structural insights into understanding both channel assembly and functional regulation of the entire channel molecule through conformational changes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 294–299, 2002
Crystallization of membrane proteins from media composed of connected‐bilayer gels
Authors: Rouhani Shahab , Facciotti Marc T. , Woodcock Glenna , Cheung Vincent , Cunningham Christian , Nguyen Doris , Rad Behzad , Lin Chiann‐Tso , Lunde Christopher S. , Glaeser Robert M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe use of hydrated‐lipid gels in which the bilayer is an infinitely periodic (or at least continuous), three‐dimensional structure offers a relatively new approach for the crystallization of membrane proteins. While excellent crystals of the Halobacterial rhodopsins have been obtained with such media, success remains poor in extending their use to other membrane proteins. Experience with crystallization of bacteriorhodopsin has led us to recognize a number of improvements that can be made in the use of such hydrated‐gel media, which may now prove to be of general value for the crystallization of other membrane proteins. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 300–316, 2002
Polar mutations in membrane proteins as a biophysical basis for disease
Authors: Partridge Anthony W. , Therien Alex G. , Deber Charles M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTransmembrane (TM) α‐helices are surrounded by the hydrocarbon chains of the lipid bilayer. The low dielectric constant of this environment makes it extremely unfavorable for a residue with a polar side chain to exist in a non‐H‐bonded state. Therefore, in combination with a wild‐type polar residue partner, a polar TM mutant could generate, in some cases, a non‐native H‐bond that could impair native protein structure/function—and possibly lead to a disease state. We have examined protein mutation databases and have found many examples of TM‐based apolar to polar mutations that are, in fact, a cause of human disease. Here we review the various molecular defects that such mutations can produce, including impeding protein dynamics by side‐chain–side‐chain interhelical H‐bond cross‐links; alteration of helical packing through steric hindrance; and disruption of a protein active site. We further note that the reverse case—membrane‐embedded polar to apolar mutations—can similarly cause human disease, implying that native interhelical H‐bonds can also play pivotal roles in stabilizing native TM domains. As a specific example, we show that the Gly to Arg mutation occurs statistically more frequently in TM domains as compared to its occurrence in soluble domains, suggesting that TM‐based G‐to‐R mutations have a high “phenotypic propensity” for disease. A more complete understanding of how mutations involving polar residues in TM domains of proteins translate into compromised function may aid in the development of novel therapeutics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 350–358, 2002