bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In search of predictors of dropout from inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kahn Caroline , Pike Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate risk factors associated with premature dropout in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodEighty‐one women who received free inpatient treatment for AN on a clinical research unit at a university‐based psychiatric facility participated in this study. Demographic, lifetime, and baseline clinical characteristics as well as self‐report measures of eating disorder symptomatology and associated psychopathology were assessed upon admission.Results:Results indicated that AN subtype and length of illness were modestly predictive of treatment dropout.DiscussionWith the exception of AN subtype and length of illness, successful completion of inpatient treatment may be unrelated to the severity of eating disorder symptomatology and associated psychopathology. Continued empirical research into factors that influence treatment dropout is clearly needed. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 237–244, 2001.
Self‐help versus therapist‐led group cognitive‐behavioral treatment of binge eating disorder at follow‐up
Authors: Peterson Carol B. , Mitchell James E. , Engbloom Sara , Nugent Sean , Mussell Melissa Pederson , Crow Scott J. , Thuras Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the longer‐term outcome of three group cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) delivery models for the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED).MethodFifty‐one participants were assigned to one of three conditions. In the therapist‐led condition (TL; n = 16), a psychologist provided psychoeducational information for the first half hour and led a group discussion for the second half hour of each session. In the partial self‐help condition (PSH; n = 19), participants viewed a 30‐min psychoeducational videotape, followed by a therapist‐led discussion. In the structured self‐help condition (SSH; n = 16), participants watched a psychoeducational videotape and led their own discussion.ResultsReductions in binge eating episodes and associated symptoms were observed for all three treatments at post, 1‐month, 6‐month, and 1‐year follow‐up, with no significant differences among the three conditions.DiscussionThese findings suggest that CBT for BED can be delivered successfully using videotape and a structured self‐help group format and that improvements in binge eating are maintained up to 1 year follow‐up. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 363–374, 2001.
Sustainable development and environmental partnership at the regional scale: the case of Sustainability North West
Authors: Shaw Dave , Kidd Sue 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe 1990s can be characterized by the emergence of at least three trends. First sustainable development has become the mantra that should underpin all decision making. Second the delivery of public goods and services is increasingly based on a partnership between the public, private and voluntary sectors. Third, and perhaps most recently, there has been the re‐emergence of the regional level of governance. Much has been written about the way partnerships are necessary to deliver sustainable development at the local and national levels of government, but there is less known or understood about the intermediate tier of governance. In this paper we wish to explore these general trends before focusing on a regional partnership that has as its core aim the delivery of sustainable development in the North West of England. The region was the first to develop a multi‐sectoral partnership agency promoting sustainable development. Launched in 1996, Sustainability North West is a unique cross‐ and multi‐sectoral regional agency designed to deliver sustainable development. This paper will consider the origins and structure of the organization and its achievements in the first few years of activity, and evaluate its applicability to other regional contexts. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Stigma and multiple social comparisons in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Finlay W. M. L. , Dinos S. , Lyons E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates social comparisons in people with schizophrenia. Stigma theories often suggest that people with stigmatized conditions face a chronic threat to self‐esteem and that they respond to this in a variety of ways, one of which is by using ingroup downward comparisons. We analysed the spontaneous social comparisons used by participants in semi‐structured interviews. A wide range of comparison dimensions, target others, and groupings were used, most of which did not represent a category of people with schizophrenia in more negative terms than those without the illness. Participants presented themselves positively, referring to downward and lateral comparisons more often than upward comparisons. In addition, although downward comparisons did refer to people with schizophrenia, they were more likely to refer to others who did not have schizophrenia, and to dimensions which were not related to mental illness. It is suggested that investigations of the relations between stigma and self need to take account of the multiple identities and dimensions of comparisons available to people for construing themselves and the social context. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of inverse PCR to amplify and sequence breakpoints of HPRT deletion and translocation mutations
Authors: Williams M. , Rainville I.R. , Nicklas J.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeletion and translocation mutations have been shown to play a significant role in the genesis of many cancers. The hprt gene located at Xq26 is a frequently used marker gene in human mutational studies. In an attempt to better understand potential mutational mechanisms involved in deletions and translocations, inverse PCR (IPCR) methods to amplify and sequence the breakpoints of hprt mutants classified as translocations and large deletions were developed. IPCR involves the digestion of DNA with a restriction enzyme, circularization of the fragments produced, and PCR amplification around the circle with primers oriented in a direction opposite to that of conventional PCR. The use of this technique allows amplification into an unknown region, in this case through the hprt breakpoint into the unknown joined sequence. Through the use of this procedure, two translocation, one inversion, and two external deletion hprt breakpoint sequences were isolated and sequenced. The isolated IPCR products range in size from 0.4 to 1.8 kb, and were amplified from circles ranging in size from 0.6 to 7.7 kb. We have shown that inverse PCR is useful to sequence translocation and large deletion mutant breakpoints in the hprt gene. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:22–32, 2002 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human DNA repair genes
Authors: Ronen Amiram , Glickman Barry W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDNA repair systems are essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. Consequently, the disregulation of repair genes can be expected to be associated with significant, detrimental health effects, which can include an increased prevalence of birth defects, an enhancement of cancer risk, and an accelerated rate of aging. Although original insights into DNA repair and the genes responsible were largely derived from studies in bacteria and yeast, well over 125 genes directly involved in DNA repair have now been identified in humans, and their cDNA sequence established. These genes function in a diverse set of pathways that involve the recognition and removal of DNA lesions, tolerance to DNA damage, and protection from errors of incorporation made during DNA replication or DNA repair. Additional genes indirectly affect DNA repair, by regulating the cell cycle, ostensibly to provide an opportunity for repair or to direct the cell to apoptosis. For about 70 of the DNA repair genes listed in Table I, both the genomic DNA sequence and the cDNA sequence and chromosomal location have been elucidated. In 45 cases single‐nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified and, in some cases, genetic variants have been associated with specific disorders. With the accelerating rate of gene discovery, the number of identified DNA repair genes and sequence variants is quickly rising. This report tabulates the current status of what is known about these genes. The report is limited to genes whose function is directly related to DNA repair. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:241–283, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Active multiple tuned mass dampers for structures under the ground acceleration
Authors: Li Chunxiang , Liu Yanxia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractActive multiple tuned mass dampers (AMTMD) consisting of many active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) with a uniform distribution of natural frequencies have been, for the first time, proposed for attenuating undesirable vibrations of a structure under the ground acceleration.The multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in the AMTMD is manufactured by keeping the stiffness and damping constant and varying the mass. The control forces in the AMTMD are generated through keeping the identical displacement and velocity feedback gain and varying the acceleration feedback gain. The structure is represented by its mode‐generalized system in the specific vibration mode being controlled using the mode reduced‐order method. The optimum parameters of the AMTMD are investigated to delineate the influence of the important parameters on the effectiveness and robustness of the AMTMD by conducting a numerical searching technique. The parameters include the frequency spacing, average damping ratio, tuning frequency ratio, total number and normalized acceleration feedback gain coefficient. The criterion, which can be stated as the minimization of the minimum values of the maximum dynamic magnification factors (i.e. Min.Min.Max.DMF), is chosen for the optimum searching. Additionally, for the sake of comparison, the results of the optimum MTMD (the passive counterpart of AMTMD) and ATMD are also taken into account in the present paper. It is demonstrated that the proposed AMTMD can be expected to significantly reduce the oscillations of structures under the ground acceleration. It is also shown that the AMTMD can remarkably improve the performance of the MTMD and has higher effectiveness than ATMD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance‐based seismic engineering: the need for a reliable conceptual comprehensive approach
Authors: Bertero Raul D. , Bertero Vitelmo V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe main objectives of this paper are: (i) to review briefly as to what is understood by performance‐based engineering, performance‐based seismic engineering, and performance‐based seismic design (PBSD); (ii) to discuss the main requirements that a reliable PBSD should satisfy and why some approaches that have been proposed fail in satisfying those requirements; (iii) to focus on what is considered a promising probabilistic PBSD approach; and (iv) to present a conceptual comprehensive numerical procedure for the PBSD of buildings.It is shown that to satisfy the objectives of a reliable PBSD philosophy and procedure it is necessary to start with a multi‐level seismic design criteria, to consider a probabilistic design approach, to consider local structural and non‐structural damage and therefore design spectra for buildings (n degrees of freedom), to take into account the cumulative damage, and to control not only displacements but also ductility (minimum strength) to limit damage. Finally, it is concluded that a transparent and conceptual comprehensive preliminary design approach is necessary. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The body image structured interview: a new method for the exploration of body image in women with eating disorders
Authors: Damani S. , Button E. J. , Reveley C. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExisting measures of body image concern may be helpful for quantifying such concerns, but are arguably of only limited value in exploring how an individual perceives and experiences his or her body. The Body Image Structured Interview (BISI) is designed to provide a structured but individualized approach to exploring the issue of body image and consists of two main parts: a semi‐structured interview focused on issues concerning the ideal woman and her body and a personal construct and repertory grid procedure for exploring body image construction in different areas of the body. In this preliminary exploratory study, we aim to assess the appropriateness and validity of the BISI in a clinical sample of 16 women with eating disorders and explore similarities and differences between them and a comparison group of 11 non‐eating‐disordered women. Results from this preliminary study suggest that the BISI is suitable for use with subjects with eating disorders and may be valuable in highlighting personal issues associated with body image, including those specific to particular body parts. Preliminary results also suggest that whilst both clinical and non‐clinical subjects place a similar emphasis on the importance of slimness and physical appearance, for non‐eating‐disordered young women such construction is less all‐pervasive in how they view themselves. Such findings will need confirmation and elaboration in a larger scale study. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Internalization of Western standards of appearance, body dissatisfaction and dieting in urban educated Ukrainian females
Authors: Bilukha Oleg O. , Utermohlen Virginia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo examine body image, internalization of the ‘thin ideal’, and dieting practices in a female population in Ukraine, a country of the former Soviet Union, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 616 females aged 18–60 years in Lviv, Ukraine. A quarter of underweight (BMI < 20) and three‐fifths of normal‐weight (BMI 20–25) subjects desired a thinner figure; 31 per cent (38 per cent of those aged 25 years and under) reported dieting in the previous 6 months. Internalization of the Western ‘thin ideal’ was correlated with exposure to Western media. Younger women, overweight women, and those who desired a thinner figure as depicted in Western media were at higher risk of dieting. ‘Dieters’ differed from ‘non‐dieters’ mainly with respect to consumption and perceptions of fats and certain starches (white bread, pasta, potatoes). This study provides an insight into predictors of food choice, and has implications for developing nutrition policy in Ukraine, and other neighbouring post‐communist countries. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Cognitive‐behavioural, fluoxetine and combined treatment for bulimia nervosa: short‐ and long‐term results
Authors: Jacobi Corinna , Dahme Bernhard , Dittmann Ralf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examined the short‐ and long‐term effectiveness of cognitive‐behavioural group treatment (CBT), pharmacological treatment with fluoxetine and combined treatment in patients with DSM‐III‐R bulimia nervosa. Fifty‐three patients were randomly assigned to the three conditions. Outcome measures were frequency of bingeing and purging, attitudes toward weight and shape, depression and self‐concept. Patients were followed for 1 year post‐treatment. Thirty‐five patients completed treatment. Drop‐out rates were 42 per cent for CBT, 25 per cent for the fluoxetine and 33 per cent for the combined condition. All treatments led to significant improvements in eating disorder symptoms and in other psychological disturbances between pre‐ and post‐treatment, which could be maintained at 1‐year follow‐up. Abstinence rates for completers were highest for CBT at both post‐treatment and follow‐up. The short‐ and long‐term results of this study do not favour the combined treatment in comparison to CBT alone. Cultural differences in health systems as well as in the acceptance of treatments offered in a treatment trial are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A compact optical system for multi‐determination of biochemical oxygen demand using disposable strips
Authors: Yoshida Nobuyuki , McNiven Scott J. , Yoshida Akira , Morita Takashi , Nakamura Hideaki , Karube Isao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA compact optical device and disposable strips for the simultaneous determination of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of multiple samples have been developed. The compact optical device was constructed using three pairs of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and silicon photodiodes (Si‐PDs), and the disposable strips were fabricated using inexpensive, transparent polycarbonate plates. Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria were immobilizedin a layer at the bottom of each reaction cell on the sensor strip using a photocrosslinkable resin (ENT‐2000). Using the redox electron acceptor 2,6‐dichlorophenolindophenol sodium salt as the chromophore, a linear relationship was observed between the response of the Si‐PDs and the BOD value of Organization of Economic Cooperation synthetic wastewater. Real samples from a wastewater treatment plant and a kitchen in our factory were examined, and good correlations were observed between the BOD values derived using this system and those determined by the conventional BOD5 method. In addition, in spite of the sensor response decreasing to approximately half its initial value after 2 weeks, the correlation coefficients (r2) of calibration curves remained above 0.9 upon storage of the strips in 0.1 M NaCl solution at 4°C for up to 6 weeks. In conclusion, this system is transportable and compact as well as being simple to operate and suitable for rapid, on‐site measurements. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 222–227, 2001
Continuous bioaerosol monitoring using UV excitation fluorescence: Outdoor test results*
Authors: Eversole J. D. , Cary W. K. , Scotto C. S. , Pierson R. , Spence M. , Campillo A. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis report describes procedures and results of recent outdoor tests in evaluating a prototype single particle fluorescence analyzer (SPFA), an instrument that is being developed to simultaneously monitor ambient concentrations of both biological and nonbiological aerosols using optical techniques. Recent modifications to the SPFA are also noted and discussed. During recent outdoor tests, aerosols were generated containing four different types of biological material: ova albumin, MS‐2 phage, Erwinia herbicola vegetative cells and Bacillus subtilis spores. Analysis of the SPFA results indicates that a probability of detection of at least 87% was achieved for target aerosol concentrations as low as a few (1–5) particles/liter. Moreover, comparison with different reference instruments indicate that the SPFA can achieve absolute quantitative detection efficiencies for individual biological aerosols of at least 70% (assuming appropriate alignment and threshold settings are made). During some of the outdoor tests different nonbiological aerosols were also released that generally did not generate any significant fluorescent signals. Although official test scores have not yet been distributed, we provide here the SPFA results for each of the aerosol releases made during the test. Analysis of the relative fluorescent intensities in the visible and UV spectral bands suggests that these data can be used in the future to provide an indication of the type of biological aerosol being released as well. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 205–212, 2001
Analysis of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris L.
Authors: Akrout Ahmed , Chemli Rachid , Chreïf Imed , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of several populations of Artemisia campestris L. (Asteraceae), collected from four areas of south‐eastern of Tunisia (Bengardane, Benikhdache, Jerba and Tataouine), was analysed by GC–MS. Thirteen to fifteen components were identified in each sample, representing more than 95% of the total oil. All samples were dominated by the presence of β‐pinene (24.2–27.9%), p‐cymene (17.4–22.3%) and α‐pinene (4.1–11.0%), representing more than 45% of the total oil. The distribution of other components in the different extracts was qualitatively and quantitatively irregular. The variability of the composition can be attributed to the climatic and geographical conditions among areas. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil composition of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume leaves from Little Andaman, India
Authors: Raina V. K. , Srivastava S. K. , Aggarwal K. K. , Ramesh S. , Kumar Sushil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe leaf oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume grown in Little Andaman was analysed by GC and GC–MS. Forty‐seven constituents, representing 99.96% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents of the oil were eugenol (76.60%), linalool (8.5%) and piperitone (3.31%). The composition of the oil is comparable to cinnamon leaf oil produced in Bangalore and Hyderabad (south India) in terms of eugenol and linalool contents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial activity profiles of the two enantiomers of limonene and carvone isolated from the oils of Mentha spicata and Anethum sowa
Authors: Aggarwal K. K. , Khanuja S. P. S. , Ahmad Ateeque , Santha Kumar T. R. , Gupta Vivek K. , Kumar Sushil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Mentha spicata L. and Anethum sowa Roxb. (Indian dill) were studied. The major chemical constituents of the hydrodistilled essential oils and their major isolates from cultivated M. spicata and A. sowa were identified by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR and GC: (S)‐(−)‐limonene (27.3%) and (S)‐(−)‐carvone (56.6%) (representing 83.9% of the spearmint oil) and (R)‐(+)‐limonene (21.4%), dihydrocarvone (5.0%), (R)‐(+)‐carvone (50.4%) and dillapiole (17.7%) (together 76.9% in Indian dill oil), respectively. In vitro bioactivity evaluation of the isolated oil components revealed that both the optical isomers of carvone were active against a wide spectrum of human pathogenic fungi and bacteria tested. (R)‐(+)‐limonene showed comparable bioactivity profile over the (S)‐(−)‐isomer. The activity of these monoterpene enantiomers was found to be comparable to the bioactivity of the oils in which they occurred. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human gustation and flavour
Authors: Breslin P. A. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTaste is an essential component of flavour. Although taste carries fewer distinctive qualities than odour, it provides an essential base on which aroma builds to generate the widely varying flavour of our foods and beverages. The present review covers a wide range of perceptual/psychophysical topics on taste. The first section reviews the taste research questions of early last century; the second section addresses the psychophysical taste research topics of the last few decades; and in the third section, the question is raised whether the old research topics of 80–100 years ago, which have largely not been answered, are worth reconsidering and pursuing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the essential oil of Lippia graveolens HBK from El Salvador
Authors: Vernin Gaston , Lageot Claude , Gaydou Emile M. , Parkanyi Cyril 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEssential oils from two samples of Lippia graveolens HBK (South American or Mexican oregano, common in El Salvador), were obtained by hydrodistillation and studied by GC and GC–MS. Forty‐five compounds, constituting 92–93% of the oil, were identified. The two major components in both samples were carvacrol (71% and 34.6%, respectively) and thymol (5–7%, respectively). In addition, two unusual isomers, 2‐isopropyl‐4‐methylphenol and 4‐isopropyl‐2‐methylphenol, were found and identified by comparison with mass spectral data and retention indices and tentatively synthesized. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.