bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QTL analysis of Cercospora leaf spot resistance in sugar beet
Authors: Nilsson N.‐O. , Hansen M. , Panagopoulos A. H. , Tuvesson S. , Ehlde M. , Christiansson M. , Rading I. M. , Rissler M. , Kraft T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe inheritance of Cercospora leaf spot resistance in sugar beet was investigated by means of quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of a segregating population of 193 individuals, using 110 AFLP and 35 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Five QTL were found through composite interval mapping on linkage groups 1, 2, 3, and 9, respectively, two of which were linked on linkage group 3. The significance of these QTL was tested by permutation analysis The QTL had mostly additive, but also certain negative dominance effects; all the resistance alleles came from the Cercospora‐resistant parent. Each quantitative trait locus accounted for 7‐18% of the phenotypic variation, leaving 37% of the variation unexplained. The results are discussed in relation to the potential use of marker‐assisted breeding for Cercospora leaf spot resistance in sugar beet.
Gliadins as biochemical markers for Aegilops turcomanica genes in wheat lines
Authors: Vahl U. , Bringezu T. , Muller G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn Aegilops turcomanica‐typical gliadin was discovered in sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) patterns of ethanol‐soluble seed proteins from wheat lines Tr. 476, 482 and 492, which had been derived from a direct cross of Ae. turcomanica and Triticum aestivum and which revealed powdery mildew resistance due to a putative Ae. turcomanica‐introgression. This Ae. turcomanica‐derived gliadin was tested for its suitability as biochemical marker. For this purpose, doubled‐haploid lines were produced via anther culture from crosses of Tr. 482 and Tr. 492 with actual winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Until now, 173 lines with Ae. turcomanica‐gene(s) have been selected from 297 doubled haploid wheat lines.
Breeding strategies for seed protein content and trypsin inhibitors inferred from combining ability and heterosis in test‐crosses of Vicia faba
Authors: Filippetti A. , Azadegan G. H. , Pace C. de 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe relative importance of general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA, respectively), amount and causes of heterosis and inferences for breeding strategies were assessed for trypsin inhibitors activity (TIA) and seed protein content (SPC) in Vicia faba test‐crosses. Four lines with low (‘Bond’) and high (‘H2OS’, ‘98/Tunesien’ and ‘Canner Express’) TIA, and two testers (‘Rowena’ and ‘Felicia’) with low TIA were used to produce test‐crosses. GCA accounted for 89% and 57% of the test‐cross sums of squares for SPC and TIA, respectively; SCA accounted for 48% and 34%, and differences between reciprocals for 6% and 9%. Specific heterosis was large only in low TIA × low TIA test‐crosses and tended towards an increased TIA. Epistatic interaction explained the observed specific heterosis for high TIA. Breeding faba bean hybrids for high SPC and low TIA is not convenient because non‐additive gene actions exert minimal effects on SPC or are in the undesired direction for TIA. Selecting inbred lines which combine low TIA, good SPC and satisfactory grain yield is more promising] Rowena and Rowena × Bond are adequate as base materials.
Influence of HMW and LMW glutenin subunits on gluten strength in hexaploid tritordeum
Authors: Alvarez J. B. , Campos L. A. C. , Martiín A. , Martín L. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn hexaploid tritordeum, the storage proteins of advanced progenies from two crosses between three hexaploid tritordeum lines were analysed. The effects of allelic variation at the Glu‐B1, Glu‐Hch1 and Glu‐A3/Glu‐B3 loci on gluten strength, as measured by the sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation test, were determined using seeds from both crosses. Neither of the two alleles found at the Glu‐B1 locus in the crosses analysed had significant effects on gluten strength, but allelic variation at the Glu‐Hch1 and Glu‐A3/Glu‐B3 loci showed significant differences in effects on gluten strength.
Interspecific hybridization in sexual diploid Allium senescens var. minor× apomictic tetraploid A. nutans and sexual diploid A. senescens var. minor× apomictic hexaploid A. senescens
Authors: Kim B. J. , Kwon Y. C. , Kwack Y. H. , Lim M. S. , Park E. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFourteen interspecific hybrids in sexual diploid Allium senescens var. minor× apomictic tetraploid Allium nutans L. crosses, and eight interspecific hybrids in sexual diploid A. senescens var. minor× apomictic hexaploid A. senescens L. crosses were produced. The number of chromosomes was 2n= 24 in interspecific hybrids of diploid × tetraploid, and 2n= 32 in diploid × hexaploid crosses. Triploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids showed intermediate parental morphological characteristics. Tetraploid interspecific hybrids of A. senescens var. minor×A. senescens crosses formed two groups based on leaf colour and leaf width. Seeds were formed in 11 out of 14 triploid interspecific hybrids under natural conditions. In cytological observations of parthenogenesis, three out of 12 triploid interspecific hybrids and five out of eight interspecific tetraploid hybrids were observed. Parthenogenesis ranged from 26.0% to 86.0% in five tetraploid interspecific hybrids. Non‐parthenogenesis to parthenogenesis segregated in a 3:5 ratio in A. senescens var. minor×A. senescens crosses.
Inheritance of nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency in spring barley at the vegetative growth stages under high and low nutrition
Authors: Górny A. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInheritance of the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiencies (NUE and PUE, respectively) and that of the tolerance (T) to limited NP nutrition was investigated in spring barley crosses at the vegetative growth stages. Plants were grown in sand‐vermiculite cultures under high and low NP nutrition. In a diallel set (Ps and F2s), both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant for the variation in NUE and PUE, while the variation in T was mainly associated with GCA effects. The contribution of nonadditive genes for the utilization efficiencies was found to increase under nutrient shortages. Overdominance of genes was detected. The characters exhibited low heritabilities (0.10‐0.42). Generation means analysis in two cross‐combinations revealed significant effects of epistatic gene interactions. It was assumed that the involvement of both the dominance effects and epistatic interactions would not facilitate selection efforts to improve the characters in spring barley at its vegetative growth. Such selection should be performed among families of later generations. The genotype‐nutrition interactions observed suggest that selection under diverse nutrition rates would be necessary for the more precise evaluation of barley efficiency under less favourable soil fertility.
Barley—Pyrenophora graminea interaction: QTL analysis and gene mapping
Authors: Pecchioni N. , Vale G. , Toubia‐Rahme H. , Faccioli P. , Terzi V. , Delogu G. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Pyrenophora graminea is a seed‐borne pathogen and is the causal agent of the barley leaf stripe disease. Our aim is to study the genetic basis of barley resistance to leaf stripe. A qualitatively acting resistance factor has been identified in the cultivar ‘Vada’ and the partial resistance of the cultivar ‘Proctor’ to a P. graminea isolate has been demonstrated to be dominated by a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), mapped on barley chromosome 1. Map colinearity between the leaf stripe ‘Proctor’ resistance QTLs,‘Vada’ resistance to leaf stripe, and other disease resistance loci have been investigated in this work using molecular markers. Moreover, since inoculation of barley rootlets by the fungus had been shown to induce the accumulation of several PR (pathogen‐related) mRNA families, seven barley PR genes have been mapped as RFLPs, and one assigned to a chromosome arm via ditelosomic analysis to verify possible map associations with resistance QTLs. This work discusses the genetic relationships between the known leaf stripe resistance loci, resistance loci towards other seed‐borne pathogens and defence gene loci.
Relationship between molecular marker heterozygosity and hybrid performance in intra‐ and inter‐subspecific crosses of rice
Authors: Zhao M. F. , Li X. H. , Yang J. B. , Xu C. G. , Hu R. Y. , Liu D. J. , Zhang Q. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between molecular marker diversity and heterosis in both intra‐and inter‐sub‐specific hybrids of rice to evaluate the feasibility of predicting hybrid performance using molecular markers. Eleven elite lines were intermated resulting in a diallel set including 10 indica × indica, 15 japonica × japonica and 30 indica × japonica crosses. The F1 hybrids and parents were evaluated for agronomic performance in a replicated field trial. The parental lines were tested for DNA polymorphisms with 113 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes covering the 12 rice chromosomes. Inter‐subspecific crosses showed better performance and higher heterosis than intrasubspecific hybrids. Correlations of marker heterozygosity with hybrid performance and heterosis differed considerably between the two subspecies; they were higher in crosses within japonica subspecies than within indica subspecies. Very little correlation was detected in intersubspecific crosses. It was concluded that relationships between marker heterozygosity and hybrid performance were complex owing to germplasm diversity and the complexity of the genetic basis of heterosis. The implications of the results in predicting hybrid performance using molecular markers are discussed.
Genetic variation for carotenoid pigment content in the amphiploid Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgidum conv. durum
Authors: Alvarez J. B. , Martín L. M. , Martín A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHexaploid tritordeum, the amphiploid Hordeum chilense x Triticum turgidum conv. durum has a higher grain carotene content than durum wheat. In order to decide strategies for introgressing this character into durum wheat, the effect on the carotene content of tritordeum synthesized with H. chilense and durum wheat differing in carotene content was analysed. Carotene content was evaluated in 35 primary tritordeum lines and their parents, 27 H. chilense accessions and 19 durum wheat cultivars. Some amphiploids have either one barley or wheat parent in common. In general, the influence of H. chilense is more important than that of wheat in the amphiploid carotene content. Nevertheless, the interactions between both parents on the amphiploid carotene content are also important.
Microspore culture of white cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.: Genetic improvement of non‐responsive cultivars and effect of genome doubling agents
Authors: Rudolf K. , Bohanec B. , Hansen M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFor the efficient application of haploid induction procedures in cabbage breeding, a sufficient number of regenerants should be achieved in a broad spectrum of genotypes. However, the majority of genotypes are somewhat recalcitrant. The efficiency of microspore culture was tested by crossing a responsive (28.7 embryos per Petri dish) and a non‐ responsive (0.1 embryo) cabbage cultivar. The embryo yield of one progeny was intermediate (18.9) while two were superior to the best parent cultivar (52.9 and 64.0 embryos). Thus, genes for haploid embryogenesis, present in responsive lines, can be effectively transmitted to responsive × non‐responsive hybrids. Abscisic acid‐induced desiccation of embryos was used for the efficient regeneration of plants. High germination percentages (54.7‐70.6%) followed by normal plantlet development were achieved. Spontaneous genome doubling measured at the plantlet stage differed markedly in untreated genotypes. The percentage of diploids ranged from 21 to 67%. The effects of two antimitotic drugs applied to freshly isolated microspores were determined in two experiments. In the first experiment, trifluralin (0.5 and 1.0 mg:l) had no effect on embryo induction while oryzalin partly (0.125‐0.25mg/l) or completely (0.5.mg/l) inhibited the formation of embryos. In the second experiment, higher concentrations of trifluralin increased the proportion of diploidized plants. Application of anti‐mitotic drugs to microspores did generally not improve the overall production of haploid plants, which was higher in an untreated control.
Genotype‐environment interaction of barley doubled haploids with regard to malting quality
Authors: Kaczmarek Z. , Adamski T. , Surma M. , Jezowski S. , Leśniewska‐Frątczak M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe genotype‐environment (GE) interaction of barley doubled haploid (DH) lines was studied in relation to some malting quality characters. DH lines were obtained, using the bulbosum method, from F1 hybrids between the cultivars ‘Grit’ and ‘Havila’. Thirty DH lines, the parental forms, F2 and F3 hybrids of ‘Grit’×‘Havila’ and the standard cultivar ‘Rudzik’ were studied in a series of field experiments repeated at six environments. Malt protein content, Kolbach index, extract yield and malt fine‐coarse difference were measured. The statistical analysis was performed using the computer program SERGEN. For protein content, it was found that most of the lines studied were stable, i.e. their GE interactions were not significant. Among the malt traits, phenotypic values of Kolbach index and fine‐coarse difference were most dependent on environmental conditions. For Kolbach index, only one line was found to be stable, while for fine‐coarse difference, all lines displayed interaction with the environment.
A polymorphic microsatellite in the 3’end of ‘waxy’ genes of wheat, Triticum aestivum
Authors: Shariflou M. R. , Sharp P. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPotential polymorphism of an (AT)N microsatellite at the 3’end of waxy genes in bread wheat was examined. Primers were designed from a published cDNA sequence of a wheat waxy gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA from 135 mainly Australian cultivars revealed eight alleles on chromosome 7A. This polymorphic microsatellite is a potential codominant marker for the Wx‐A1 locus in breeding programmes. A distinguishable fragment was also amplified from chromosome 7D. This fragment was absent where a plant was null for the waxy gene on chromosome 7D, being a dominant marker for the Wx‐D1 locus. The primers were also useful for amplifying genomic DNA from barley, rye and triticale and can be used to detect potential polymorphism in these species.
Durum wheat × maize crosses for haploid wheat production: Influence of parental genotypes and various experimental factors
Authors: Cherkaoui S. , Lamsaouri O. , Chlyah A. , Chlyah H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo improve haploid plant production in durum wheat, the haplomethod involving intergeneric crossing with maize followed by embryo rescue was used. The influence of parental genotypes and various experimental factors were studied. Ten cultivars of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (female parent) were crossed with eight genotypes of Zea mays. After pollination, plant stems were either maintained in situ or cut near the base and kept in a 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D)‐sucrose solution. Ten to 18 days after pollination, embryos were excised from developed ovaries and cultured on one of MS, MS/2, or B5 media. Haploid embryos and plants were obtained (78 green haploid plants regenerated in 0 year). The wheat genotype was significant for ovary development, embryo and plant formation, whereas the maize genotype was significant only for embryo formation. Detailed results of all crosses showed the best crossing partner for each wheat genotype. Cutting the plant stems after pollination gave better results than maintaining them in situ. The optimal stage for embryo rescue was 14 days and B5 and MS/2 media were more efficient than MS for embryo culture.
Effects of the dominant glandless gene Gl2e on agronomic and fibre characters of Upland cotton
Authors: Yuan Y. L. , Chen Y. H. , Tang C. M. , Jing S. R. , Liu S. L. , Pan J. J. , Kohel R. J. , Zhang T. Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeven pairs of near‐isogenic lines (glandless vs. glanded) and the recurrent parents were used to determine the effects of the dominant glandless gene from ‘Hai 1’(Gossypium barbadense) on agronomic, fibre, and seed characters in Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, backgrounds. The results showed that there were no apparent linkage associations of the glandless gene on most agronomic, fibre and seed characters of Upland cotton, except for seed quality. The glandless line derived from ‘Liaomian 7’had significantly more protein (489.6 g/kg), and that from H237 had significantly more oil (362.4 g/kg) and had the largest oil index (2.70 g) and protein index (3.03 g). The gossypol content of seed in dominant glandless lines in Upland cotton was very low (<0.04 g/kg). Therefore, it is suggested that the glandless gene can play an important role in breeding glandless or low seed‐gossypol Upland cotton cultivars.
Molecular markers linked to the Aegilops variabilis‐derived root‐knot nematode resistance gene Rkn‐mn1 in wheat
Authors: Barloy D. , Lemoine J. , Dredryver F. , Jahier J. , McIntosh R. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Aegilops variabilis no. 1 is the only known source of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi in wheat. Previous studies showed that a dominant gene, Rkn‐mn1, was transferred to a wheat translocation line from the donor Ae. variabilis. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed on the wheat cultivar ‘Lutin’, on Ae. variabilis, on a resistant disomic addition line and on a resistant translocation line. For genetic and molecular studies, 114‐117 BC3F2 plants and F3‐derived families were tested. Five DNA and one isozyme marker were linked to Rkn‐mn1. Three RAPD markers flanking the Rkn‐mn1 locus were mapped at 0 cM (OpY16‐1065), 0.8 cM (OpB12‐1320) and 1.7 cM (OpN20‐1235), respectively. Since the Rkn‐mn1 gene remained effective, its introduction into different wheat cultivars by marker‐assisted selection is suggested.
RFLP analysis allows for the identification of alfalfa ecotypes
Authors: Pupilli F. , Labombarda P. , Scotti C. , Arcioni S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThree seed lots, obtained from different ‘foundation farms’, for each of the alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., ecotypes ‘Vogherese’ and ‘Maremmana’, together with the variety ‘Iside’ as a control, were studied to test the possibility of distinguishing them through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Twenty plants per seed lot were analysed with 25 DNA probes that yielded 155 informative polymorphic fragments. Variance partitioning showed that within‐population variability accounted for nearly 98% of the total variance, while a small but significant contribution to the total variance was due to among‐lot variability.‘Vogherese’ was more homogeneous than ‘Maremmana’, as a consequence of the greater environmental homogeneity of the adaptation area of the former ecotype compared with the latter. Bulk analysis yielded eight variety‐specific bands, 12 bands present in both ecotypes and absent in the variety and one band specific of ‘Maremmana’. Results are discussed in relation to the practical use of molecular markers for alfalfa ecotype identification.
A mutant of Brassica napus with increased palmitic acid content
Authors: Schnurbusch T. , Möllers C. , Becker H. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn induced mutant from European winter oilseed rape with increased palmitic acid content was phenotypically characterized and genetically analysed. The mutant showed a palmitic acid content of 9.2% compared with 4.5% in the parental cultivar. The oleic acid content decreased from 61.6% to 44.2%, whereas the linoleic and linolenic acid contents increased. The mutant plants grew poorly and their seed oil content was only 31.2% compared with 42.8% in the parental cultivar. The inheritance of the mutant was oligogenic and determined by at least four genes. In the F2 generation, palmitic acid content was negatively correlated with oil content. This mutant may be useful to improve understanding of the genetic regulation of storage lipid synthesis, but has no immediate value for oilseed rape improvement.
Marker analysis for quantitative traits in sugar beet
Authors: Weber W. E. , Borchardt D. C. , Koch G 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMany economically important traits are inherited quantitatively and are analysed by breeders in replicated field trials. If dense maps are available, chromosomal regions containing quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be identified and this opens up the possibility of preselecting for quantitative traits in the laboratory. In this study, QTL analysis for yield and yield components in sugar beet is used in two different populations tested in several environments in both populations, QTL were detected for all traits investigated, and their predictive value in breeding schemes was analysed by correlating predicted with observed values. Tolerance to Rhizomania, caused by a gene on chromosome 3, was the main source of genotype‐environment interaction in one population, allowing selection on a QTL basis within macro‐environments with or without Rhizomania infestation, respectively. No clear results were found for the second population tested in environments with and with‐out Cercospora infestation. Consequences for breeding strategies are discussed.
Genetic relationships between South African wheat cultivars as measured by gliadin banding patterns
Authors: Labuschagne M. T. , De Swardt A. M. , Viljoen C. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe use of gliadins in cultivar identification is a well‐known practice that is used in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the gliadin banding patterns of 35 commercial South African wheat cultivars and to use these data to determine genetic relationships between the cultivars using sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The index of genetic similarity was used to calculate pairwise distance matrices, which were converted to a dendogram. Most of the gliadin bands fell within the nomenclature used. Fourteen cultivars had one novel band and six had two novel bands. All the cultivars could be distinguished from one another. Genetic distances between clusters were small. This suggested that there was not enough unique genetic variability to set any cluster apart from the others.
Integration of AFLP markers into an RFLP‐based map of durum wheat
Authors: Lotti C. , Salvi S. , Pasqualone A. , Tuberosa R. , Blanco A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a powerful technique which can readily be applied to a wide range of species for mapping purposes. AFLPs were added to a linkage map of durum wheat constructed using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The mapping population included 65 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the durum wheat cultivar ‘Messapia’ and accession ‘MG4343’ of the wild Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn.). Genomic DNA was digested with MseI (4‐cutter) and Sse83871 (8‐cutter). Using a silver‐staining protocol, 14 primer combinations revealed 421 clearly scorable amplicons including 100 polymorphisms. The presence of nine pairs of bands linked in repulsion phase with each pair generated by one primer combination suggested the presence of codominant alleles; sequence analysis of four band pairs confirmed their codominant nature. The integration of 80 AFLP loci extended the map in several telomeric regions, reduced the size of four large gaps present in the previous map, and eliminated one gap. The new map obtained after the inclusion of the 80 AFLP loci and eight additional RFLP loci spans 2063cM which represent a 52.6% increment compared with the previous map. Compared with the distribution of RFLPs, no significant clustering of AFLP markers was observed.