bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Social Justice–Informed Curriculum for Public Health and Medicine
Authors: Everette Tekisha , Carter Chelsey , Lowery Amelea , Keene Danya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The field of public health does not currently hold one definition of social justice. This chapter offers a definition of social justice in public health that can serve as an anchor for the emerging theories and frameworks around power and privilege. This definition recognizes the many definitions found across the field and models how faculty can orient toward this definition through their curricular design and implementation. The chapter then discusses the application of this definition and its core principles to curriculum and course design, highlighting one case study: a concentration in social justice at the Yale School of Public Health.
Established Adulthood
Authors: Mehta Clare M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book presents the theory of established adulthood, a newly conceptualized period of development roughly spanning the years from 30 to 45. While the later years of this period (40–45) are often combined with midlife, this book highlights the ways in which the ages 30–45 constitute a unique developmental period. The rise of emerging adulthood in developed countries has resulted in the postponement of enduring commitments in work and relationships until the 30s and 40s. Consequently, established adulthood is an important and eventful period of the lifespan during which intense focus and energy is directed toward the formation and maintenance of a long-term committed partnership, progressing in a chosen career, and for those who become parents, raising young children. Because of the convergence of these developmental tasks in the 30s and 40s, established adults may experience heightened stress as they struggle to manage multiple demands in work and relationships. However, for many, this period brings with it a number of rewards including a stronger sense of self and increased social and professional confidence. Chapters in this book cover a wide range of topics including career development, romantic relationships, having (or not having) children, friendships, relationships with parents, and physical health. Each chapter also considers how the career and care crunch, that is negotiating competing work and family responsibilities, influences different domains of development. The book incorporates the lived experiences of established adults, taken from over 400 hours of interview data, bringing the experience of established adulthood to life.
‘You Have Those Adult Responsibilities, but You’re Still Getting Your Feet on the Ground’: Experiences of Being an Established Adult
Authors: Mehta Clare M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents the four main features of established adulthood, proposing that 1) established adulthood is a time when people become adults, 2) established adulthood is a time of stability with some instability, 3) established adulthood is a time of increased responsibility and commitment, and 4) established adulthood is a time of flourishing. Established adulthood is brought to life as established adults describe their experiences of these features in their own lives, demonstrating the complexity and diversity of experience during this period of the lifespan. The chapter concludes by suggesting that there are likely to be many versions of and pathways through established adulthood.
‘My Friends Circle Has Changed with Each Decade’: Friendships in Established Adulthood
Authors: Mehta Clare M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the hierarchy of adult relationships, friendships often come behind partners, parents, and children. This may especially be the case in established adulthood when responsibilities related to work, romantic relationships, and caring for others leave little time for socializing. This chapter examines friendships during established adulthood, describing changes in friendships over time, including changes in conversational topics and activities and changes in the size and quality of friendship networks. The chapter also explores making friendships in established adulthood, describing reductions in opportunities to make friends in adulthood and the importance of intentionality. Barriers and facilitators to making friends, including partners and children, are also considered. Finally, the chapter describes how the career and care crunch impacts the formation and maintenance of friendships in established adulthood and makes suggestions for how policy makers and employers can support friendships during this period of the lifespan.
‘Who Else Has Seen You Through All the Things in Life?’: Relationships with Parents in Established Adulthood
Authors: Mehta Clare M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The parent-child relationship is often one of the most important and longest enduring social ties people have (Fingerman, Huo, & Birditt, 2020). This chapter explores established adults’ relationships with their parents, capturing the complexity of this important and distinctive relationship. The chapter starts by describing the experiences of established adults who have positive relationships with parents, even when they live far apart, and how parents and children provide emotional and instrumental support to one another. The next section explores strained relationships between established adults and their parents and describe how established adults negotiate setting boundaries. The chapter then investigates established adults’ experiences of their parents’ aging and death. Finally, the chapter considers how parents may contribute to and/or alleviate the career and care crunch, either by requiring care for themselves or providing care for grandchildren.
Queering Governance and International Law
Authors: Biddolph Caitlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
What might it mean to read international law as queer, even as it (re)installs exclusionary gendered, sexualized, and racialized configurations of (il)legality? How might queering complicate international law’s exclusionary and subversive discourses of gender, sexuality, and violence? This book engages queer, feminist, and postcolonial approaches to international law and international relations to address these questions and their implications for contemporary practices of international law. Through a case study of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the book traces how discourses of gender, sexuality, and violence constitute international law as a (queer) governance mechanism that is simultaneously violent and contains the seeds of queer potential and justice. It explores how international law is a site and agent of governance that (re)produces civilizational logics and cis-heteronormative discourses of gender, sexuality, and violence. This is evident in an analysis of the ICTY as an example of international law. The book argues that international law violates gendered and racialized populations through the designation of bodies and populations as feminized victims and hyper-heteromasculine, homophobic perpetrators, and that international law functions as the paternal intervener. However, the queer critique developed in this book also recognizes how the violence of international law can be subverted, and how victims, survivors, and oppressed groups might find justice within and beyond international law. By queerly analyzing these legal discourses and logics, this book shows how governance and international law reinforce gendered and racial hierarchies, but that, through and against international law, these hierarchies might be queered and dismantled.
Queer Concepts and Methods
Authors: Biddolph Caitlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 offers the queer conceptual and methodological approaches that anchor the book. It introduces queer poststructural discourse analysis as a novel method for deconstructing discourses of gender, sexuality, and violence in international law. Drawing on feminist, queer, postcolonial, and poststructural epistemologies and methods, the chapter articulates the politics of representation, performativity, and power that animate the organizing logics and discourses of international law as a (queer) governance mechanism. The queer methods advanced in this chapter also emphasize the necessity of reflexivity in research; the inseparability of gender, sexuality, and violence; and the queering of poststructural concepts and tools.
Logics of Governance and International Law at/of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Biddolph Caitlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 traces the logics of governance that constitute the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the case study of international law that is the focus of this book. In particular, the chapter introduces four origin stories that constitute the ICTY and the rationale given for its creation: “Never Again” and war crimes tribunals; detention camps in Bosnia; (non)interventions in the post–Cold War period; and the promise of international law. Each of these origin stories depends on civilizational logics and cis-heteronormative discourses of gender, sexuality, and violence. The chapter also focuses on Balkanism as an example of international law’s civilizational logics. At the ICTY and in broader discourses on the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, Balkanism constructs a “superior” (western) Europe and an “inferior” former Yugoslavia in gendered and gendering, and violent and violating, ways. The chapter provides the foundations for the queer analysis of ICTY texts conducted in the following chapters.
Governing through Adjudication
Authors: Biddolph Caitlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 argues that international law is a violent governance mechanism that reproduces civilizational logics and cis-heteronormative discourses of gender, sexuality, and violence. Through an analysis of selected International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) cases and texts, it identifies three forms of legal violence: victimization, denunciation, and paternalism. All three forms of violence construct people in the former Yugoslavia as feminized victims or hyper-heteromasculine perpetrators and assign international law and legal actors a moral responsibility to intervene in and adjudicate their fates through international criminal justice. In doing so, the chapter reveals how the ICTY—as an example of international law—is a (queer) governance mechanism that is gendering, agential, and violating in its construction of violent and violated bodies as pejoratively queer. By deconstructing these discourses, the chapter suggests that these violent practices can be altered.
Subverting International Law and Violence at/of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Biddolph Caitlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5 traces how international law can be a site and space of subversion and resistance. Continuing the queer analysis of International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) texts from the preceding chapter, this chapter argues that as a (queer) governance mechanism, international law is not only gendered and gendering, constitutive and agential, and violent and violating, but subversive and queer too. The chapter focuses on two examples of subversive bodies and practices: “noisy” survivors and “complex” perpetrators. It argues that these legal subjects both (re)produce and subvert cis-heteronormative discourses of gender, sexuality, and violence in international law, demonstrating the queer logics of law and justice. The chapter suggests that as simultaneously violent and subversive, international law can be both a constraining and empowering mechanism for victims, survivors, and oppressed groups in their quest for justice. Queering governance and international law allows for the recognition of this seemingly contradictory finding.
Distinct patterns of genome size evolution in each bryophyte lineage are not correlated with whole genome duplication
Authors: Patel Nikisha , Budke Jessica M , Bainard Jillian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Genome size varies by orders of magnitude across land plants, and the factors driving evolutionary increases and decreases in genome size vary across lineages. Bryophytes have the smallest genomes relative to other land plants and there is growing evidence for frequent whole genome duplication (WGD) across the lineage. However, the broad patterns of genome size, chromosome number, and WGD have yet to be characterized across bryophytes in a phylogenetic context.

Methods
In the present study, we use a phylogenetic comparative approach and leverage previously published data on genome size, chromosome number, and WGD to reconstruct the evolutionary history of these traits across the three major bryophyte lineages: hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. We infer ancestral haploid chromosome numbers for each lineage and introduce a novel metric for assessing polyploidy using chromosome counts.

Key Results
Each lineage of bryophytes exhibits a distinct pattern of genome size evolution and prevalence of WGD, with mosses having the most dynamic genome sizes and highest propensity for WGD. We found that 21.3% of mosses and 13% of liverworts species have naturally occurring polyploids. In addition, haploid genome size (1C) is most dynamic in the mosses which includes 15 transitions to larger genomes and nine reversals, largely in the orders Dicranales and Hypnales.

Conclusions
There is no correlation between genome size and WGD or genome size and chromosome number, potentially suggesting rapid genome downsizing following WGD. As bryophytes are poikilohydric (desiccation tolerant) plants, having large genomes may be physiologically prohibitive given the cost to growth and metabolism associated with them. These findings emphasize the unique evolution of the bryophytes broadly and of the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses individually, and should therefore serve as impetus for more in-depth experimental studies of genome size evolution and WGD in bryophytes.
Comparative pericarp biomechanics and germination physiology of Raphanus raphanistrum and Raphanus pugioniformis indehicent fruits
Authors: Steinbrecher Tina , Bhattacharya Samik , Binder Jonathan , Kleemeier Katharina , Przesdzink Felix , Groene Franziska , Jacoblinnert Kyra , Mummenhoff Klaus , Leubner-Metzger Gerhard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The biomechanical, morphological and ecophysiological properties of plant seed/fruit structures are adaptations that support survival in unpredictable environments. High phenotypic variability of noxious and invasive weed species such as Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) allow diversification into new environmental niches. Dry indehiscent fruits (thick and lignified pericarp [fruit coat] enclosing seeds) have evolved many times independently. Here, we demonstrate that the hard pericarp of Raphanus species (Brassicaceae) imposes mechanical dormancy by preventing full phase-II water uptake of the enclosed seeds. A multiscale biomechanics and imaging (microscopy, X-ray, finite element stress simulation, puncture force analysis) approach was used to comparatively investigate the indehiscent fruits of R. raphanistrum (global weed), R. pugioniformis (endemic weed) and R. sativus (cultivated radish). This demonstrated that the apparently unilocular fruits of Raphanus species develop from two fused valves, that pericarp rupture to permit germination is confined to the midvalve regions (MVR), and that each MVR contains a predeterimed breaking zone which is biomechanically defined by the internal shape of the seed chambers. Direct biomechanical analysis revealed great variability in within-fruit and between-fruits pericarp resistences. We conclude that variability in pericarp-imposed dormancy provides a bet-hedging strategy to affect soil seed bank persistence and prolong the germinability period.
Probation, Technical Compliance and the ‘Drowning’ of Hope
Authors: Phillips Jake , Ali Adam , Dockley Anita , Lewis Sarah , Stevens Kam , Farrall Stephen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hope and optimism are central to processes of reform. However, in the context of the dramatic restructuring and reorganizations that the probation service in England and Wales has undergone in the past decade, there are questions over the extent to which such hopes are realizable. We seek to explore the concept of hope in transforming individual’s lives away from engagement in crime. Via an analysis of interviews that were co-produced with people with experience of probation and undertaken with practitioners, those who have been supervised, and those on ‘the edge’ of the criminal justice system, we find that peoples’ hopes can be categorized as deep or institutional hopes. We argue that many probationers and staff members’ ‘deep’ hopes were ‘drowned’ by bureaucratic, managerial and risk-focussed cultures. There was evidence that probation staff wanted to instil a sense of hope in those that they supervise but that the current regime does not easily facilitate the creation and fulfilment of such hopes. We conclude by identifying ways in which probation could—given adequate resources and structures—become a more hopeful process for people under supervision.
Is prophylactic lymph node dissection efficacious in salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy?
Authors: Kuriyama Kengo , Okamura Akihiko , Hayami Masaru , Kanamori Jun , Tamura Masahiro , Takahashi Naoki , Terayama Masayoshi , Kanie Yasukazu , Maruyama Suguru , Watanabe Masayuki 
Published: January 2025

Summary

Background
Salvage esophagectomy for esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is a high-risk surgery, and radical lymph node dissection (RLND) can cause severe complications. However, the significance of RLND in salvage surgery remains unclear.

Methods
This study included 55 patients who underwent curative-intent salvage esophagectomy after dCRT for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We evaluated the prognostic impact of lymph node dissection of each station using efficacy indexes (EIs) and compared the outcomes between RLND and limited lymph node dissection (LLND).

Results
Nine (16.4%) patients underwent RLND and 46 (83.6%) underwent LLND. Patients who underwent RLND had greater operative blood loss and a greater number of resected lymph nodes compared to patients who underwent LLND (P = 0.053 and 0.002, respectively). However, the incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different between the groups. The EIs of the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes were zero because no patients with involved nodes at these stations remained alive at 5 years. In contrast, perigastric lymph nodes had relatively high EIs. Overall and cancer-specific survival did not differ significantly between patients who underwent RLND and those who underwent LLND (P = 0.475 and 0.808, respectively).

Conclusions
The EIs of the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes were zero, and RLND did not improve survival. Depending on tumor status, LLND may be sufficient for salvage esophagectomy.
Idiopathic relapsing-remitting steroid-dependent pericarditis with transient constriction: a case report
Authors: Cattaneo Fabio , Pasini Matteo , Pedrazzini Giovanni Battista 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Constrictive pericarditis is an uncommon complication of idiopathic pericarditis long thought to be irreversible, often requiring pericardiectomy to ensure recovery. Recently, transient constriction has been described in the setting of long-standing pericarditis with active inflammation.

Case summary
We report the case of a 16-year-old male with an idiopathic relapsing-remitting pericarditis, refractory to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), who developed constrictive physiology. Despite proper tapering, the patient developed five relapses during steroid treatment, which led to IL-1 receptor antagonist starting. After a long treatment with anakinra, constrictive physiology resolved. Disappointingly, discontinuation of interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) treatment was followed by a relapse of pericarditis, in the absence of signs of constriction.

Discussion
Our case sustains that constrictive physiology may be a transient phenomenon, when the inflammation is still active and fibrotic transition has not been completed. When NSAIDs and steroid prove to be ineffective, IL-1R antagonist may represent a potential treatment for constrictive pericarditis, although there remains little evidence on de-escalation of IL-1R antagonist treatment in pericarditis.
Prevalence and risks of sleep bruxism in children and adolescents presenting for orthodontic treatment
Authors: Koch Ryan , Monegro Alberto , Warunek Stephen , Tanberg William , Al-Jewair Thikriat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study determined the prevalence and risks of definite sleep bruxism (SB) among children and adolescents presenting for orthodontic treatment.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 7–16-year-old subjects pursuing orthodontic treatment for the first time. The presence or absence of SB was determined using an overnight mandibular movement monitoring inertial measurement sensor, worn by each participant for two consecutive nights. Data from the sensor were extrapolated, then processed and analyzed to automatically identify rhythmic masticatory muscle activity for SB assessment. SB risks were evaluated from previously validated questionnaires, clinical examinations, lateral cephalometric radiographs, and digital study models.

Results
A total of 87 subjects with a mean age of 12.82 years ± 2.24 and body mass index of 21.45 ± 5.49 participated in the study. The prevalence of SB was 60.7%. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that SB had statistically significant association with microarousals (events/h) (β=0.31, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.25–0.36, P &lt; .001) and maxillary 6–6 dimension (mm) (β = 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.13, P = .008). A second model excluding microarousals showed that SB had a statistically significant association with sleep efficiency (SE) percentage (β = −0.15, 95% CI −0.28 to −0.01, P = .026) and obstructive respiratory disturbance index (ORDI) (events/h) (β = 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.51, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions and implications
In a growing orthodontic population, definite SB is very common. SB is related to microarousals, maxillary intermolar width, SE percentage, and ORDI.