bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the composition and properties of fly ash emissions from a municipal solid waste power plant
Authors: Ngo Tra Mai , Hoang Van Hung , Van Huu Tap , Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang , Thi Hong Khuat , Lien Nghiem Thi Ha , Trong Nghia Nguyen , Thi Thanh Hang Phan , Toan Vu Duc , Tham Trinh Thi , Hoa Nguyen Thi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study examines the fly ash from Soc Son municipal waste power plant (SMPP) and suggests ways to repurpose it to reduce its environmental impact. Fly ash from the Soc Son waste power plant has a gray color, spherical particles with a 5–103 μm diameter, and a high carbon and heavy metal content. Bermorite crystals can absorb and release heavy metals, making monitoring secondary pollutants during incineration crucial. The EDX analysis of fly ash from the Soc Son waste power plant revealed that it was predominantly contaminated with metal elements, with the highest percentage of calcium. The EDX was able to detect heavy metals in incinerator fly ash. The concentration of Zn in the fly ash exceeded QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT standards, indicating the high amounts of some elements that may be hazardous to the environment and human health. Using the SEM/EDX and XRF, the fly ash from the Soc Son landfill power plant was analyzed and discovered that it exceeds permissible limits for dangerous heavy elements. The most common inorganic elements are Ca, followed by Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ag. Fly ash is classed as hazardous waste due to its high concentration of heavy metals, which results from the combustion of municipal solid waste that has not been separated. Vietnam fights municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash production. Some nations stabilize fly ash to remove harmful components and use it in buildings. Stabilized fly ash makes unfired construction bricks and cement manufacturing components and combining fly ash with inorganic trash protects the environment.
L-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and cognitive decline in Chinese older people
Authors: Meng Qiguo , Liu Mengyi , Zu Cheng , Su Xinyue , Wei Yuanxiu , Gan Xiaoqin , Zhang Yuanyuan , He Panpan , Zhou Chun , Ye Ziliang , Liu Chengzhang , Qin Xianhui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective
The prospective association between dietary zinc (Zn) intake and cognitive decline remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the relationship of dietary Zn intake with the risk of cognitive decline in the Chinese older people, and examine the possible effect modifiers on this association.

Methods
A total of 3,106 older Chinese adults aged 55 years or older from China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary nutrients intake information was collected by combined 24-h dietary recalls with weighing food inventory. The cognitive decline was defined as the 5-year decline rate in global and composite cognitive scores, based on a subset of items from the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status–modified.

Results
The median follow-up duration was 5.9 years. There was an L-shaped association between dietary Zn intake and the 5-year decline rates in global and composite cognitive scores, with an inflection point at 8.8 mg/day of dietary Zn. For the composite cognitive scores, compared with the first quantile (&lt;7.9 mg/day) of dietary Zn intake, quantiles 2–6 (≥7.9 mg/day) had a significantly slower cognitive decline rate (β: −0.24; 95% confidence interval: −0.40 to −0.07). Similar results were found for the global cognitive scores. Moreover, the inverse association between dietary Zn intake and cognitive decline in composite cognitive scores was significantly stronger in those with lower levels of physical activity (P-interactions = 0.041).

Conclusion
Dietary Zn intake was negatively associated with cognitive decline in the older people. Maintaining appropriate dietary Zn levels may prevent cognitive decline.
RDCWorld: performing the Black nerd in new media
Authors: Stephens David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With their fingers on the pulse of popular culture, RDCWorld, a digital content creation group primarily composed of young Black men, enjoys a following largely gained from their anime-inspired videos that unite a community of like-minded Black nerds in the US and speaks to the power digital media has to construct spaces based on identities that have historically been marginalized, within both Black and White-dominated spaces. Using a content analysis of their videos and textual analysis of fan comments and social media engagement, I argue that RDCWorld’s performance as Black nerds subverts traditional notions of identity, play, and space by resisting notions of the stereotypical cool Black aesthetic, integrating transnational media with Blackness to create new modes of self-representation, challenging hegemonic constructions of public play, and by normalizing spaces of free Black expression through their anime and gaming convention, DreamCon.
Severe silent ischaemia detected with an Apple Watch in the home setting: a case report
Authors: Koster Rudolph W , de Winter Robbert J , Verberne Hein J , Spijkerboer Anje M , Chamuleau Steven A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The Apple Watch has the capability to record a lead 1 electrocardiogram (ECG) and can identify and report atrial fibrillation. The use for detecting myocardial ischaemia is not endorsed by Apple but is documented in this case.

Case summary
A 76-year-old man made a lead 1 ECG with his Apple Watch immediately after exercising on a cross trainer. He was fully asymptomatic. The ECG showed an unusual negative T-wave in this lead 1 that deepened in a few minutes and returned to normal after 22 min. He consulted a cardiologist and a standard exercise ECG confirmed the negative T-wave in lead 1 after maximal exercise and in addition showed widespread ST-depression indicating myocardial ischaemia, again without any clinical symptoms. Further studies revealed severe obstructive three-vessel coronary artery disease that was considered not suitable for percutaneous intervention. A coronary artery bypass operation on all involved vessels was performed successfully. Recovery was uneventful and an exercise ECG repeated 11 weeks later was normal.

Discussion
We demonstrated that the lead 1 ECG made with the Apple Watch can reliably record T-wave changes indicating myocardial ischaemia. The use of the Apple Watch to document ischaemic changes should be studied systematically for its potential to identify myocardial ischaemia, mainly triggered by symptoms but maybe for asymptomatic persons as well.
Associations between healthy lifestyle and mortality across different social environments: a study among adults with frailty from the UK Biobank
Authors: Tang Junhan , Ma Yanan , Hoogendijk Emiel O , Chen Jie , Yue Jirong , Wu Chenkai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Among people living with frailty, adherence to a healthy lifestyle may be a low-cost and effective strategy to decrease frailty-induced health risks across different social environments.

Methods
We included 15 594 frail participants at baseline from the UK Biobank study. We used four lifestyle factors to create a composite healthy lifestyle score and 17 social factors to construct a polysocial score. We classified the lifestyle score into two levels (unhealthy and healthy) and the polysocial score into three levels (low, intermediate and high). We used Cox regression to determine the association of each lifestyle factor and lifestyle score with all-cause mortality, respectively. We also examined the associations across polysocial score categories. We evaluated the joint association of the lifestyle score and the categorical polysocial score with all-cause mortality.

Results
During up to 14.41 follow-up years, we documented 3098 all-cause deaths. After multivariable adjustment, we found a significant association between not smoking and adequate physical activity with all-cause mortality across polysocial score categories, respectively. We also found a significant association between a healthy diet and all-cause mortality among frail participants living in an intermediate social environment. A healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk across polysocial score categories, especially among those with a low polysocial score.

Conclusions
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle, particularly not smoking, adequate physical activity and a healthy diet, may provide a feasible solution to decreasing mortality risk among frail adults across different social environments, especially for those in the socially disadvantaged group.
The Mutational Road not Taken: Using Ancestral Sequence Resurrection to Evaluate the Evolution of Plant Enzyme Substrate Preferences
Authors: Catania Emily M , Dubs Nicole M , Soumen Shejal , Barkman Todd J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigated the flowering plant salicylic acid methyl transferase (SAMT) enzyme lineage to understand the evolution of substrate preference change. Previous studies indicated that a single amino acid replacement to the SAMT active site (H150M) was sufficient to change ancestral enzyme substrate preference from benzoic acid to the structurally similar substrate, salicylic acid (SA). Yet, subsequent studies have shown that the H150M function-changing replacement did not likely occur during the historical episode of enzymatic divergence studied. Therefore, we reinvestigated the origin of SA methylation preference here and additionally assessed the extent to which epistasis may act to limit mutational paths. We found that the SAMT lineage of enzymes acquired preference to methylate SA from an ancestor that preferred to methylate benzoic acid as previously reported. In contrast, we found that a different amino acid replacement, Y267Q, was sufficient to change substrate preference with others providing small positive-magnitude epistatic improvements. We show that the kinetic basis for the ancestral enzymatic change in substate preference by Y267Q appears to be due to both a reduced specificity constant, kcat/KM, for benzoic acid and an improvement in KM for SA. Therefore, this lineage of enzymes appears to have had multiple mutational paths available to achieve the same evolutionary divergence. While the reasons remain unclear for why one path was taken, and the other was not, the mutational distance between ancestral and descendant codons may be a factor.
Maternal mitochondrial function affects paternal mitochondrial inheritance in Drosophila
Authors: Cao Jinguo , Luo Yuying , Chen Yonghe , Wu Zhaoqi , Zhang Jiting , Wu Yi , Hu Wen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The maternal inheritance of mitochondria is a widely accepted paradigm, and mechanisms that prevent paternal mitochondria transmission to offspring during spermatogenesis and postfertilization have been described. Although certain species do retain paternal mitochondria, the factors affecting paternal mitochondria inheritance in these cases are unclear. More importantly, the evolutionary benefit of retaining paternal mitochondria and their ultimate fate are unknown. Here we show that transplanted exogenous paternal D. yakuba mitochondria can be transmitted to offspring when maternal mitochondria are dysfunctional in D. melanogaster. Furthermore, we show that the preserved paternal mitochondria are functional, and can be stably inherited, such that the proportion of paternal mitochondria increases gradually in subsequent generations. Our work has important implications that paternal mitochondria inheritance should not be overlooked as a genetic phenomenon in evolution, especially when paternal mitochondria are of significant differences from the maternal mitochondria or the maternal mitochondria are functionally abnormal. Our results improve the understanding of mitochondrial inheritance and provide a new model system for its study.
Crohn’s Disease–Associated Pathogenic Mutation in the Manganese Transporter ZIP8 Shifts the Ileal and Rectal Mucosal Microbiota Implicating Aberrant Bile Acid Metabolism
Authors: Briggs Kristi , Tomar Vartika , Ollberding Nicholas , Haberman Yael , Bourgonje Arno R , Hu Shixian , Chaaban Lara , Sunuwar Laxmi , Weersma Rinse K , Denson Lee A , Melia Joanna M P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
A pathogenic mutation in the manganese transporter ZIP8 (A391T; rs13107325) increases the risk of Crohn’s disease. ZIP8 regulates manganese homeostasis and given the shared need for metals between the host and resident microbes, there has been significant interest in alterations of the microbiome in carriers of ZIP8 A391T. Prior studies have not examined the ileal microbiome despite associations between ileal disease and ZIP8 A391T.

Methods
Here, we used the Pediatric Risk Stratification Study (RISK) cohort to perform a secondary analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing data obtained from ileal and rectal mucosa to study associations between ZIP8 A391T carrier status and microbiota composition.

Results
We found sequence variants mapping to Veillonella were decreased in the ileal mucosa of ZIP8 A391T carriers. Prior human studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of Veillonella to bile acid abundance. We therefore hypothesized that bile acid homeostasis is differentially regulated in carriers of ZIP8 A391T. Using a mouse model of ZIP8 A391T, we demonstrate an increase in total bile acids in the liver and stool and decreased fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) signaling, consistent with our hypothesis. We confirmed dysregulation of FGF19 in the 1000IBD cohort, finding that plasma FGF19 levels are lower in ZIP8 A391T carriers with ileocolonic Crohn’s disease.

Conclusions
In the search for genotype-specific therapeutic paradigms for patients with Crohn’s disease, these data suggest targeting the FGF19 pathway in ZIP8 A391T carriers. Aberrant bile acid metabolism may precede development of Crohn’s disease and prioritize study of the interactions between manganese homeostasis, bile acid metabolism and signaling, and complicated ileal Crohn’s disease.
Co-evolutionary patterns of GVC-trade and knowledge flows in the mining industry: evidence from Latin America
Authors: Fusillo Fabrizio , Nenci Silvia , Pietrobelli Carlo , Quatraro Francesco 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although evolutionary economics has extensively analyzed the evolution of industries in relation to innovation and technology lifecycles, the interplay between industry lifecycles and evolutionary patterns of knowledge networks has not been fully explored yet. This work aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the co-evolutionary patterns of knowledge and trade flows in the mining industry, using social network tools in combination with the Schumpeterian tradition of analysis. The study focuses on three Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, and Peru, where the mining sector plays a significant role in the economy, particularly in the context of energy and digital transitions. Our findings suggest that the innovation network and the global value chain-trade network display divergent co-evolutionary patterns; while the former tends to be stable and concentrated, the latter shows increasing fragmentation and turbulence. The analysis also shows remarkable evolutionary evidence at the country level.
Power in sovereign debt markets: debtors’ coordination for more competitive outcomes
Authors: Guzman Martin , Colodenco Maia , Wiedenbrug Anahí 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Evidence suggests that sovereign debt markets are not featured by perfect competition but power dynamics are a key determinant of market outcomes such as ex-post returns on sovereign bonds. In such environment, coordination within each side of the market matters. With the purpose of influencing the international debt architecture, private creditors have historically been fairly coordinated and their interests more aligned ex-ante. Sovereign debtors, however, have not. The power asymmetry that that entails has equity and efficiency implications, both ex-ante and ex-post. This paper analyzes asymmetries in collective action of each side of the sovereign debt market and the mechanisms through which it affects market outcomes. It also analyses the Cartagena Group’s experience in the 1980s as a prominent historical case of greater borrower coordination and identifies mechanisms through which greater debtor coordination could be fostered.
Climate-driven changes in the timing of spawning and the availability of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) to assessment surveys in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Rogers Lauren A , Monnahan Cole C , Williams Kresimir , Jones Darin T , Dorn Martin W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Climate-driven changes in the timing of spawning or migration can affect the availability of fish to surveys designed to monitor their abundance, complicating efforts to assess stock status and sustainably manage fisheries. From 2017 to 2019, trends in biomass estimates from four surveys used to monitor Gulf of Alaska pollock diverged. These conflicting trends increased uncertainty in the stock assessment and occurred during a time of rapid environmental change. We hypothesized that changes in spawn timing affected availability of pollock to a winter survey that targets pre-spawning aggregations. To test this, we reconstructed relative spawn timing using two independent data sources: spring larval surveys and observations of spawning state in mature female pollock. We found that changes in spawn timing relative to survey timing explained a significant portion of recent and historical discrepancies between survey and model estimates of biomass. We then incorporated measures of spawn timing/survey timing mismatch as catchability covariates in an enhanced state-space stock assessment model. Including spawn timing-based catchability covariates significantly improved the model fit to survey data and provided a mechanistic explanation for recent survey discrepancies.
Making Sense of Psychedelics in the CNS
Authors: Fordyce Blake A , Roth Bryan L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For centuries, ancient lineages have consumed psychedelic compounds from natural sources. In the modern era, scientists have since harnessed the power of computational tools, cellular assays, and behavioral metrics to study how these compounds instigate changes on molecular, cellular, circuit-wide, and system levels. Here, we provide a brief history of psychedelics and their use in science, medicine, and culture. We then outline current techniques for studying psychedelics from a pharmacological perspective. Finally, we address known gaps in the field and potential avenues of further research to broaden our collective understanding of physiological changes induced by psychedelics, the limits of their therapeutic capabilities, and how researchers can improve and inform treatments that are rapidly becoming accessible worldwide.
Shuffle Algebras and Their Integral Forms: Specialization Map Approach in Types B
n and G
2
Authors: Hu Yue , Tsymbaliuk Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We construct a family of PBWD (Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt-Drinfeld) bases for the positive subalgebras of quantum loop algebras of type $B_{n}$ and $G_{2}$, as well as their Lusztig and RTT (for type $B_{n}$ only) integral forms, in the new Drinfeld realization. We also establish a shuffle algebra realization of these ${\mathbb {Q}}(v)$-algebras (proved earlier in [26] by completely different tools) and generalize the latter to the above ${{\mathbb {Z}}}[v,v^{-1}]$-forms. The rational counterparts provide shuffle algebra realizations of positive subalgebras of type $B_{n}$ and $G_{2}$ Yangians and their Drinfeld-Gavarini duals. All of this generalizes the type $A_{n}$ results of [30].
Microorganisms oxidize glucose through distinct pathways in permeable and cohesive sediments
Authors: Hutchinson Tess F , Kessler Adam J , Wong Wei Wen , Hall Puspitaningsih , Leung Pok Man , Jirapanjawat Thanavit , Greening Chris , Glud Ronnie N , Cook Perran L M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In marine sediments, microbial degradation of organic matter under anoxic conditions is generally thought to proceed through fermentation to volatile fatty acids, which are then oxidized to CO2 coupled to the reduction of terminal electron acceptors (e.g. nitrate, iron, manganese, and sulfate). It has been suggested that, in environments with a highly variable oxygen regime, fermentation mediated by facultative anaerobic bacteria (uncoupled to external terminal electron acceptors) becomes the dominant process. Here, we present the first direct evidence for this fermentation using a novel differentially labeled glucose isotopologue assay that distinguishes between CO2 produced from respiration and fermentation. Using this approach, we measured the relative contribution of respiration and fermentation of glucose in a range of permeable (sandy) and cohesive (muddy) sediments, as well as four bacterial isolates. Under anoxia, microbial communities adapted to high-energy sandy or bioturbated sites mediate fermentation via the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, in a manner uncoupled from anaerobic respiration. Prolonged anoxic incubation suggests that this uncoupling lasts up to 160 h. In contrast, microbial communities in anoxic muddy sediments (smaller median grain size) generally completely oxidized 13C glucose to 13CO2, consistent with the classical redox cascade model. We also unexpectedly observed that fermentation occurred under oxic conditions in permeable sediments. These observations were further confirmed using pure cultures of four bacteria isolated from permeable sediments. Our results suggest that microbial communities adapted to variable oxygen regimes metabolize glucose (and likely other organic molecules) through fermentation uncoupled to respiration during transient anoxic conditions.
Search still matters: information retrieval in the era of generative AI
Authors: Hersh William 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Information retrieval (IR, also known as search) systems are ubiquitous in modern times. How does the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI), based on large language models (LLMs), fit into the IR process?

Process
This perspective explores the use of generative AI in the context of the motivations, considerations, and outcomes of the IR process with a focus on the academic use of such systems.

Conclusions
There are many information needs, from simple to complex, that motivate use of IR. Users of such systems, particularly academics, have concerns for authoritativeness, timeliness, and contextualization of search. While LLMs may provide functionality that aids the IR process, the continued need for search systems, and research into their improvement, remains essential.