bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a pour-on formulation of doramectin against lice, mites, and grubs of cattle
Authors: Rooney Kathleen A. , Illyes E. F. , Sunderland S. J. , Sarasola P. , Hendrickx M. O. , Keller D. S. , Meinert T. R. , Logan N. B. , Weatherley A. J. , Conder G. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine effectiveness of a pour-on formulation of doramectin against Damalinia bovis, Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus vituli, Solenopotes capillatus, Chorioptes bovis, Sarcoptes scabiei, Hypoderma bovis, and Hypoderma lineatum.

Animals
Cattle of various ages with naturally acquired or artificial infestations with 1 or more species of lice, mites, or grubs.

Procedure
In 10 louse and 6 mite studies, cattle were treated with doramectin (500 µg/kg, topically) on day 0, and parasite counts were performed approximately weekly from days 0 to 35. In 6 grub studies, cattle expected to harbor Hypoderma spp were treated before emergence of warbles. After warbles began to emerge, they were counted every 2 weeks, and grubs were collected and identified by species.

Results
Burdens of D bovis, H eurysternus, L vituli, and S capillatus on doramectin-treated cattle were 0 by 28 days after treatment. Burdens of C bovis and S scabiei decreased to 0 in naturally infested cattle and approximately 0 in artificially infested cattle by day 14 to 15. In grub studies, 107 of 136 control cattle had warbles, whereas 2 of 136 doramectin-treated cattle had 1 warble each, which represented a cure rate of 98.5%.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
One topical application of doramectin was highly efficacious against common species of lice, mites, and grubs known to affect performance, health, and appearance of cattle. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:402-404)
Results of renal ultrasonography performed before and during administration of saline (0.9% NaCI) solution to induce diuresis in dogs without evidence of renal disease
Authors: Jakovljevic Samuel , Rivers William J. , Chun Ruthanne , King Vickie L. , Han Connie M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effect of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution administered IV to induce diuresis on 15 dimensional variables of the kidneys, size of renal pelvis, and diameter of the cranial part of the ureters.

Animals
25 dogs without evidence of renal disease that were undergoing chemotherapy for various neoplasms.

Procedure
The kidneys, cranial aspect of the ureters, and trigone area of the urinary bladder of each dog were examined ultrasonographically before and during IV administration of saline solution (2.7 to 18.8 ml/kg of body weight/h).

Results
Ultrasonography revealed unilateral and bilateral pyelectasis during diuresis in 16 of 23 (70%) dogs but unilateral pyelectasis in only 1 dog before diuresis. Unilateral pyelectasis during diuresis was observed in 11 of 16 (69%) dogs. Pyelectasis during diuresis was categorized as slight in 15 of 21 (71%) kidneys. Degree of pyelectasis during diuresis was not identical in both kidneys of 13 of 16 (81%) dogs. Diuresis did not induce ureterectasis, and it did not cause changes in 15 dimensional variables of the kidneys.

Conclusions
In nonsedated, nonazotemic dogs, IV administration of saline solution to induce diuresis may cause slight pyelectasis without evidence of ureterectasis.

Clinical Relevance
When dilatation of the cranial part of the ureter is > 2 mm at the same time that ipsilateral pyelectasis is detected during ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract system of a nonsedated, nonazotemic dog receiving IV administration of saline solution to induce diuresis, additional examinations are recommended to determine the possibility of early obstructive nephropathy or pyelonephritis. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:405-409)
Age, geographic, and temporal distribution of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in cow-calf herds
Authors: Atwill Edward R. , Johnson Eileen , Klingborg Donald J. , Veserat Gary M. , Markegard Gary , Jensen Wayne A. , Pratt David W. , Delmas Richard E. , George Holly A. , Forero Larry C. , Philips Ralph L. , Barry Sheila J. , McDougald Neil K. , Gildersleeve Rhonda R. , Frost William E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum from California cow-calf herds with respect to age, geographic region, temporal effects, and association with watery feces.

Animals
Cows and calves from 38 beef cow-calf operations.

Procedure
Fecal specimens were collected and examined for C parvum oocysts, using immunofluorescent microscopy. Associations between age, geographic region, month of collection, watery feces, and likelihood of shedding C parvum were evaluated.

Results
3.9% of cattle were shedding C parvum oocysts. Prevalence of shedding among calves ranged from 0 to 13%, and was 0.6% among cattle ≥ 12 months old. The odds of shedding C parvum among 2-month-old calves were 41 times greater than among cattle > 4 months old. The odds of shedding C parvum among cattle tested in May were 8.7 times greater than among cattle tested during June, July, or August. The odds of infected individuals having watery feces were 3 to 4 times greater than for noninfected individuals, but the etiologic fraction was only 8 to 9%.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Substantial fecal shedding of C parvum by cow-calf herds was limited to calves 1 to 4 months old, with low prevalence detected in older animals. Risk of contamination of watersheds with C parvum was limited to those periods when young calves were in the herd. Although the odds of having watery feces were greater for animals infected with C parvum than for noninfected animals, the low etiologic fraction suggests that most calves with watery feces were not infected with C parvum. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60: 420-425)
Nutrient uptake by viscera drained by the portal vein in neonatal calves during intravenous infusion of glutamine
Authors: Nappert Germain , Zello Gordon A. , Ferguson James , Naylor Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To quantify glutamine use by viscera drained by the portal vein in neonatal calves and to determine whether uptake could be stimulated by long-term IV infusion or long-term use of oral supplements.

Animals
4 healthy neonatal calves.

Procedure
A femoral artery, jugular vein, and the portal vein were surgically cannulated in each calf. Blood flow in the portal vein was measured, using an ultrasonic transit-time flow probe. Calves were given an IV infusion of glutamine on days 6, 8, and 10 after surgery. Before the first infusion, calves were fed a diet of milk only. The diet was supplemented with glutamine for the second and third infusions. Glutamine was administered via the jugular vein during a 5-hour period. Venous and arterial blood samples were collected every hour for 5 hours.

Results
During glutamine infusion, uptake of glutamine by viscera drained by the portal vein increased in association with increased production of ammonia. Glutamine supplementation of the diet did not alter glutamine uptake. Glutamine infusion did not increase viscera uptake of indispensable amino acids. Longterm use of glutamine supplements or infusion of glutamine for periods of more than 1 hour increased glutamine uptake by viscera. Arterial leucine concentration and uptake of leucine by the viscera decreased during glutamine infusion, indicating that leucine became the limiting factor.

Conclusion
Glutamine administration (supplements or infusions) to calves may require that a mixture of amino acids be provided to improve effectiveness.

Clinical Relevance
Glutamine may be beneficial in treatments designed to promote intestinal healing in diarrheic calves. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:446-451)
Disease-specific changes in equine ground reaction force data documented by use of principal component analysis
Authors: Williams G. E. , Silverman B. W. , Wilson A. M. , Goodship A. E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the force plate as a diagnostic aid in equine locomotor abnormalities, particularly for abnormalities such as navicular disease that do not have specific diagnostic criteria.

Animals
17 Thoroughbreds without observable locomotor abnormalities (group A), 6 Thoroughbreds with superficial digital flexor tendon injury (group B), and 8 Thoroughbreds with navicular disease (group C).

Procedure
Using a force plate, ground reaction force patterns were recorded at the trot. Peak limb vertical force and force/time curve parameters were derived from 4 identifiable points at the beginning and end of vertical and craniocaudal horizontal plots. Principal component analysis (PCA) of group-A data was undertaken on beginning and end of stride data, and the first 2 components were represented graphically. The PCA rotation matrices were applied to equivalent data for horses of groups B and C.

Results
Asymmetry of peak vertical force (PVF) could not be differentiated among groups A, B, and C. Values for group-B horses, however, were significantly outside mean group-A values on the PCA plot for beginning of stride phase variables. Group-B data were within the group-A range for end of stride phase variables. Values for group-C horses were significantly outside the group-A range for beginning of stride phase variables and were outside mean group-A values for end of stride phase variables.

Conclusions
PCA of force/time data provides a sensitive method to evaluate the force/time curve associated with 2 specific injury/disease processes.

Clinical Relevance
Horses alter weight-bearing in biomechanically distinct ways, thus creating potential for the force plate to become an important diagnostic and prognostic tool. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:549–555)
Immunohistochemical assay for detecting estrogen receptors in canine mammary tumors
Authors: Graham Joanne C. , O'Keefe Deborah A. , Gelberg Howard B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the estrogen receptor (ER) content of canine mammary gland tumors by use of immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of formalin-fixed sections.

Sample Population
21 mammary gland tumors from 20 adult dogs.

Procedure
ER were detected in formalin-fixed tissues, using an avidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase IHC assay and were quantified on fresh-frozen tumor samples, using a modified dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay.

Results
7 of 21 tumors had visually detectable nuclear ER by use of IHC staining, whereas 8 of 21 tumors were positive for ER by use of the DCC assay. The ER-positive cells in 5 IHC-positive tumors were epithelial cells with histologic criteria of early malignancy. The remaining 2 ER-positive tumors detected by use of IHC had ER-positive mast cells within areas of connective tissue around the tumor.

Conclusions
Immunohistochemistry is an additional method for detection of ER in canine mammary tumors. The major advantage of this type of assay is that it may be performed on formalin-fixed tissues, and individual ER-positive cells may be identified. Discovery of ER-positive mast cells by use of IHC is of concern, particularly if the ER status of a tumor is based on DCC results alone.

Clinical Relevance
Because most canine mammary tumors are fixed in formalin prior to histologic evaluation, an IHC assay that identifies ER-positive cells is desirable. Adjunctive antiestrogen therapy could be administered to dogs with ER-positive tumors. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:627–630)
Comparison of peripheral and core temperatures in anesthetized horses
Authors: Tomasic Michael , Nann Lawrence E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine temporal patterns of rectal, nasal, groin, and skin temperatures measured in adult horses undergoing general anesthesia and to determine accuracy and precision of temperatures at these sites, compared with core temperature.

Animals
5 healthy adult horses.

Procedure
Induction, maintenance of, and recovery from general anesthesia were performed in an air-conditioned surgical suite. Room temperature and relative humidity were approximately 21 C and 40%, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained for 2.5 hours, and body temperatures were measured and recorded every 5 minutes. Mean values were compared by use of ANOVA for repeated measures. Correlation coefficients for linear regressions of site temperature versus core temperature at 30-minute intervals were used to evaluate precision.

Results
Rectal temperature decreased in a linear manner, similar to core temperature. Nasal, groin, and skin temperatures followed a biphasic pattern; they sharply increased initially, peaked, then decreased at a rate similar to that of core temperatures. Rectal temperature always accurately reflected core temperature. Initial significant differences between core temperature and nasal, groin, or skin temperature disappeared as peripheral site temperatures approached peak values. Precision of core temperature estimation was generally poor for rectal, groin, and skin temperatures but was high (r > 0.90) after the first hour of anesthesia.

Conclusion
Anesthesia-induced core heat redistribution develops with minimal effect on core temperature. Rectal temperature can accurately reflect core temperature. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:648–651)
Aerosolized albuterol sulfate used as a bronchodilator in horses with recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Derksen Frederik J. , Olszewski Michal A. , Robinson N. Edward , Berney Cathy , Hakala Joyce E. , Matson Charles J. , Ruth Daniel T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the dose of aerosolized albuterol sulfate required to cause bronchodilation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and duration of this effect.

Animals
19 horses with RAO (10 in experiment 1; 9 in experiment 2).

Procedure
Horses were moved from pasture to stables, and airway obstruction was induced. Pulmonary function was measured in 10 horses before and 5, 10, and 30 minutes after administration of vehicle or 120, 240, 360, or 720 µg of the drug. Nine horses received vehicle or 360 or 720 µg of albuterol, and pulmonary function was measured at baseline and 5 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 hours later. Horses were evaluated for adverse drug effects.

Results
360 µg of albuterol was required to cause significant bronchodilatation; 720 µg did not enhance bronchodilatation or increase duration of action. Depending on which pulmonary function parameter was evaluated, bronchodilatation achieved by use of albuterol lasted between 30 minutes and 1 hour. Because there was a significant vehicle effect, the combined effect of vehicle and drug lasted up to 3 hours. Adverse effects were not observed.

Conclusions
Aerosolized albuterol, 360 or 720 µg, is a safe and effective bronchodilator in horses with RAO. Onset of action is rapid (5 minutes), and effects last from 30 minutes to 3 hours.

Clinical Relevance
Aerosolized albuterol is useful for treatment of bronchospasm in horses with RAO. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:689–693)
Biosafety of Brucella abortus strain RB51 for vaccination of mature bulls and pregnant heifers
Authors: Edmonds Matthew D. , Schurig Gerhardt G. , Samartino Luis E. , Hoyt Phillip G. , Walker Joel V. , Hagius Sue D. , Elzer Philip H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine shedding and colonization profiles in mature sexually intact bulls and pregnant heifers after vaccination with a standard calfhood dose of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51).

Animals
6 sexually mature 3-year-old Jersey bulls and 7 mixed-breed heifers in midgestation.

Procedure
Bulls and pregnant heifers were vaccinated IM with the standard calfhood dose of 3 × 1010 colony-forming units of SRB51. After vaccination, selected body fluids were monitored weekly for vaccine organism shedding. Pathogenesis was monitored in bulls by weekly breeding soundness examination and, in heifers, by delivery status of the calf. Vaccine organism colonization was assessed by obtaining select tissues at necropsy for bacterial culture. Serologic analysis was performed by use of numerous tests, including complement fixation, an SRB51-based ELISA, and immunoblot analysis.

Results
After vaccination, none of the vaccinated bulls or heifers shed SRB51 in their secretions. Results of breeding soundness examination for bulls were normal as was delivery status of the pregnant heifers (6 live births, 1 dystocia). At necropsy, SRB51 was not recovered from any of the selected tissues obtained from bulls, heifers, or calves; however, serologic analysis did detect SRB51-specific antibodies in all cattle.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Vaccination with the standard calfhood dose of SRB51 administered IM was not associated with shedding or colonization in sexually mature bulls or pregnant heifers. Also, under conditions of this study with small numbers of animals, IM vaccination with SRB51 does not appear to cause any reproductive problems when administered to sexually mature cattle. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:722–725)
Persistence of maternal antibodies against Mycoplasma agassizii in desert tortoise hatchlings
Authors: Schumacher Isabella M. , Rostal David C. , Yates Rebecca A. , Brown Daniel R. , Jacobson Elliott R. , Klein Paul A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate Mycoplasma agassizii-specific maternal antibodies in desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) hatchlings.

Sample Population
Plasma from 43 captive-reared desert tortoise hatchlings.

Procedure
ELISA for M agassizii-specific antibodies was performed. Four hatchlings from 4 clutches of 3 M agassizii-seropositive females with chronic upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) were tested on the day of hatching (set 1), and 20 hatchlings from 4 clutches of 4 M agassizii-seropositive females with URTD and 19 hatchlings from 4 M agassizii-seronegative healthy females were tested at 4, 8, 12, and 29 months old (set 2). Immunoblot analysis was performed to determine immunoglobulin classes in yolk and plasma of hatchlings. To determine infection status of hatchlings, yolk, egg shell membranes (set 1), and nasal lavage fluid (sets 1 and 2) were examined for M agassizii by use of polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Yolk and hatchling plasma had significantly lower amounts of specific antibodies than did plasma from adult females. The IgG and IgM antibodies were transferred, but M agassizii-specific antibodies were of the IgG class. Hatchlings were not infected with mycoplasmas. Offspring of sick females had significantly higher specific antibody titers than did offspring of healthy females. Titers were still significantly different in 1-year-old hatchlings.

Conclusions
Desert tortoise females transfer specific IgG and IgM antibodies to their offspring that are still detectable after 1 year.

Clinical Relevance
Infection with M agassizii may be misdiagnosed in hatchlings with persistent maternal antibodies. Passively acquired antibodies may have a role in pathogenesis of mycoplasma-induced respiratory tract disease and other diseases. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:826–831)
Effects of orally administered enteric-coated omeprazole on gastric acid secretion in horses
Authors: Andrews Frank M. , Doherty Thomas J. , Blackford James T. , Nadeau Jenifer A. , Saxton Arnold M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the effects of orally administered omeprazole, as enteric-coated capsules, on baseline and stimulated gastric acid secretion in horses.

Animals
5 healthy 8-year-old mixed-breed horses fitted with gastric cannulas.

Procedure
Enteric-coated granules of omeprazole were mixed with corn syrup and administered orally once daily for 5 consecutive days. On days 1 and 5 beginning 5 hours after omeprazole administration, 4 gastric fluid samples were collected, each for 15 minutes, via the gastric cannula (baseline samples). Pentagastrin was administered IV as a constant infusion for the subsequent 2 hours, and 15-minute gastric fluid samples were again collected (stimulated samples). Fluid volume, acidity (mmol H+/L), and pH and gastric acid production (mmol H+) were determined for all baseline samples and for stimulated samples collected during the second hour of pentagastrin infusion. Control experiments were done in a similar manner after giving corn syrup alone to the same horses.

Results
Compared with values obtained during control experiments, baseline and stimulated gastric fluid acidity and gastric acid production significantly decreased, and the mean pH of gastric fluid samples significantly increased, after horses were given 5 daily doses of omeprazole.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Enteric-coated omeprazole (1.0 mg/kg of body weight; PO) administered once daily for 5 days significantly inhibited unstimulated and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in horses. This commercially available formulation of omeprazole may be efficacious in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers in horses. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:929–931)
Plasma and urine nitric oxide concentrations in horses given a low dose of endotoxin
Authors: Bueno Aloisio C. , Seahorn Thomas L. , Cornick-Seahorn Janyce , Horohov David W. , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To quantify plasma and urine nitric oxide (NO) concentrations before and after low-dose endotoxin infusion in horses.

Animals
11 healthy adult female horses.

Procedure
Eight horses were given endotoxin (35 ng/kg of body weight, IV) over 30 minutes. Three sentinel horses received an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution over the same time. Clinical signs of disease and hemodynamic variables were recorded, and urine and plasma samples were obtained to measure NO concentrations prior to endotoxin infusion (t = 0) and every hour until postinfusion hour (PIH) 6, then every 2 hours until PIH 24. Blood for hematologic and metabolic analyses and for serum cytokine bioassays were collected at 0 hour, every hour until PIH 6, every 2 hours through PIH 12, and finally, every 6 hours until PIH 24.

Results
Differences in plasma NO concentrations across time were not apparent, but urine NO concentrations significantly decreased at 4 and 20 to 24 hours in endotoxin-treated horses. Also in endotoxin-treated horses, alterations in clinical signs of disease, and hemodymanic, metabolic, and hematologic variables were significant and characteristic of endotoxemia. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) concentrations were increased above baseline values from 1 to 8 hours and 1 to 2 hours, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Plasma and urine NO concentrations did not increase in horses after administration of a low dose of endotoxin, despite induction of an inflammatory response, which was confirmed by increased TNF and IL-6 values characteristic alterations in clinical signs of disease, and hematologic, hemodynamic and metabolic variables. (Am J Vet Res 1999:60:969-976)