bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of the Role of Gap Size on Bolt Failure in Clevis and Lug Joints
Authors: Beevers David , Olsen Kirk , Geibel Allen , Krull Matthew , Caretti Isaac , Wienczkowski Olivia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A common standard for conservatively evaluating the required bolt strength in a clevis–lug joint is to assume that the bolt must survive under an interaction equation that combines loading caused by bending, shear, and axial preload–induced stresses. In practice, this leads to unnecessarily large bolts because the true failure mode is typically closer to simple shear with some bending stresses. In this experimental study, a clevis and lug joint with a variable gap between the clevis arms was used to determine the force necessary to break high strength bolts with various gaps between the clevis and the lug, ranging from pure shear (no gap) to a gap 2.8 times the diameter of the bolt. The testing results clearly show that failure occurs at forces that are often significantly higher than would be predicted by classic, closed-form analysis of the combined loading. In particular, the bolt failed at the force predicted by simple double shear failure theory for gap sizes up to half of the bolt diameter, and for larger gaps, the failure force was consistently higher than would be predicted by classic interaction equations. Thus, although assuming failure that is due to combined bending, shear, and axial stresses is safely conservative, the necessary bolt size is actually significantly smaller than this method predicts.
Destruction Mechanism of Filter Cake under Air Pressure during Chamber Opening
Authors: Zhang Sai , Ding Jianwen , Jiao Ning , Liu Jinyu , Sun Shuai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During chamber openings, the filter cake that has formed on the excavation face is thin and cannot be monitored directly, resulting in an unclear understanding of its destruction mechanism. To investigate the destruction mechanism of filter cake under air pressure, a series of air breakthrough tests (ABTs) were conducted in this study, during which the water discharge and pore pressure were monitored. The experimental results indicate that the filter cake undergoes significant compression during ABTs, but it tends to be stabilized after a testing time of 40,000 s. Cracks and pores are observed on the surface when the filter cake is destructed, and the cracks are mainly distributed between 80 and 100 % of the radius. The effective working time (EWT) of Filter Cake B with a compression time beyond 40,000 s is much longer than that of Filter Cake A with a compression time below 40,000 s. Because the EWT of Filter Cake B is much longer than that of Filter Cake A, the slurry composition that promotes the formation of Filter Cake B should be used as much as possible during the slurry shield. Additionally, it is proven that the EWT increases with higher slurry density and filter cake thickness, whereas it decreases with increasing slurry viscosity. The analysis of the filter cake destruction mechanism shows that the compression of filter cake, capillary effect, mechanical effect, and interfacial effect all play important roles in filter cake destruction. Except for the compression of the filter cake that can extend the EWT, the other effects will accelerate the filter cake destruction.
Short and Long-Term Success of a Surgery Residency Prep Course
Authors: Crouch Grace , Winter Kelly , Quinn Karson , Helmer Stephen , McBoyle Marilee 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The aim of our study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term effectiveness a surgery residency prep course has throughout intern year.
Methods. A surgery residency prep course was offered to graduating medical students. An anonymous survey assessing perceived confidence in medical knowledge, clinical skills and surgical skills was given pre-course, post-course and at 6 months into residency. Participants also completed a pre and post course quiz.
Results. Eleven students completed the course and participated in a pre-course survey, 7 completed the post-course survey and 4 completed the 6-month survey. Students felt significantly more confident for intern year following the course compared to before the course (4.0 vs. 2.7, p = 0.018). Students were found to have no significant change in perceived confidence at 6 months compared to post-course results (4.0 vs. 3.9, p = 0.197). Objectively, post course quiz results were significantly improved compared to pre course quiz results (12.9 vs. 10.6, p = 0.004).
Conclusions. This study demonstrates the long-term effects a surgery prep-course may have on residents entering a surgery residency.
La cuestión de la moralidad del ius gentium en Francisco Suárez
Authors: Poncela-González Ángel 
Published: January 2024

El artículo propone una relectura de la doctrina del derecho de gentes -ius gentium-conforme a la interpretación realizada por Suárez en el libro segundo del De Legibus. La proximidad del derecho de gentes con el derecho natural condujo a juristas y teólogos occidentales de diversas épocas a considerar el derecho de gentes como una sección especial dentro del derecho natural e incluso un orden indistinguible de aquél. Reconociendo el “doctor eximio” la dificultad de la determinación del fundamento y del objeto del derecho de gentes debido a su carácter fronterizo, afrontará la empresa de distinguirlo. Para dicha tarea revisó en profundidad las fuentes jurídicas y teológicas comúnmente empleadas por la tradición escolástica detectando en la orientación intelectualista impresa por Tomás de Aquino un reto a superar. El análisis acerca del carácter moral que pueden presentar o no los preceptos del derecho de gentes ofreció al pensador jesuita una oportunidad para alcanzar una definición clara y precisa del propio derecho.
Educación intercultural en Chile
Authors: Pavez Soto Iskra , Ortiz López Juan , Alfaro Contreras Carmen , Colomés Sofía , Villegas Pamela , Grandon Nicolás , Acuña Jeanette , Coloma Camila , Gonzalez Andrea 
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la percepción que tienen las familias migrantes de origen haitiano, cuya lengua materna es el creole, sobre la experiencia de sus hijas e hijos en el taller ‘Palabras de Unión’ donde facilitaron el proceso de inmersión lingüística. Mediante una metodología cualitativa, se realizaron nueve entrevistas semiestructuradas a madres y padres, apoderados de un establecimiento público de enseñanza básica, ubicado en un barrio vulnerable de Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Los resultados reflejan que las familias migrantes valoran el apoyo recibido de parte del taller, especialmente las estrategias utilizadas por el equipo interdisciplinario conformado por profesores, fonoaudiólogos y personal docente. No obstante, se observa una alta demanda de parte de los apoderados por tener más oportunidades de comunicación con la escuela. Se reconoce que las nuevas tecnologías de la información funcionan como un canal accesible que puede facilitar la participación de toda la comunidad escolar.
Carruajes para el Señor Sacramentado: origen, fortuna y diseño del coche del Viático
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez María Angélica 
Published: January 2024

El objeto de esta investigación es la carroza o coche y el examen de su diseño puesto al servicio de la doctrina tridentina para la conducción del Viático a los enfermos. Se resumen las trasformaciones tecnológicas y estéticas que situaron al coche como pri­mer signo de distinción a manera de trono rodante o vitrina móvil en los protocolos de las cortes europeas.
Se revisa la fortuna de algunos destacados autores y tratados exponiendo sus im­portantes aportaciones a la configuración de este vehículo. Se recogen las principales noticias que legitiman al coche como vehículo para llevar al Señor Sacramentado, tra­tando particularmente la dinastía de los Habsburgo en los territorios hispanos.
Finalmente se exploran algunas claves del proceso de diseño como la regulariza­ción, articulación y énfasis en las formas – compartidas con las disciplinas de la arqui­tectura y otras artes – así como el reconocimiento de ciertas fórmulas prestigiadas dentro de los estilos. Se toma como caso de estudio la carroza del Viático de Logroño con el propósito de ahondar en su diseño, ornamentación e iconografía.
Historias que contiene el cuerpo
Authors: Palma-García Diana Marcela 
Published: January 2024

Despojada de toda dignidad viajaste, desde la cuna de la humanidad, en un barco mugriento con olor a muerte. Acompañada de ese olor nauseabundo a enfermedad y desechos humanos de aquellos a los que amaste.
Viajaste durante meses, limitada por cuatro maderos de escasos metro y medio por cincuenta, mientras tu cuerpo magullado y violado temblaba de miedo por la incertidumbre del futuro.
Una pesadilla en vida, a plena luz del día. Viajaste sin saber que serias una de las cuarenta millones de almas a las que la historia olvidaría.
Perception of medical students on the advantages and disadvantages of online assessment compared to traditional method in a tertiary level teaching hospital
Authors: Nancy Anitha , Aravinthan S  , Anton Joe David , Raj Jeneth Berlin 
Published: January 2024

: The use of e-assessment/online tests have increased in higher education over the last two decades. Technology plays a positive role in students learning process and provides an opportunity to give immediate feedback. In India online mode was not used for formative/summative assessment except in fewer renowned institutions. But now it has increased recently because of COVID-19 pandemic.: This study aims to know the perception of I year MBBS students on the advantages and disadvantages of using online assessment in formative and internal assessment when compared to the traditional method.In a private medical college, Cross-sectional survey was done using standard and validated questionnaires with likert scale scoring (1-Strongly disagree, 2- Disagree, 3- Neutral, 4- Agree & 5- Strongly agree) for I year undergraduate medical students.Out of 115 students’ responses, 47.4% (36%-Agree & 11.5%- strongly agree) that online assessment has positive influence on their learning experience but only 39% were comfortable to use online assessment over traditional method and the others remained neutral (32%) and (29%) disagreed to the statement. By having online trial test and trainings 85.1% students agreed to use online assessment but still felt comfortable to use traditional method for assessment.From our study, we found that students did not prefer to switch from traditional to an online method in the form of learning or assessment. But they show their willingness to adapt to a blended assessment method.
Effects of passive smoking on pulmonary functions of individuals in an urban area
Authors: Verma Anita , Gosai Harsida 
Published: January 2024

: Passive smoking is a world health problem and part of the tobacco epidemic which victimizes mostly adolescents. Epidemiological studies have, essentially, addressed the association between passive smoke exposure and respiratory health in adult population, and increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) & lung cancer among adult nonsmokers. Relatively few studies have been reported on lung function in relation to effects of passive smoking among nonsmoking individuals.To investigate the effects of passive smoking on lung functions among individuals in urban region. The present study was composed of smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers (control), aged between 17 and 25 years. Ninety healthy individuals were placed in three different groups on the basis of questionnaire (Group A: active smoker, Group B: passive smoker, Group C: control). Study was done with the help of spirometer (RMS Helios 401).FEFFEV1/FVC% values were significantly decreased in passive smokers as compared to control individuals (P&#60;0.001, P&#60;0.05). The present study suggests a significant reduction of lung functions in individuals exposed to passive smoke.
Correlation between pupillary size and heart rate variability parameters among medical students
Authors: Mohan Arun Kumar , Shivaramaiah Gopi Kumar , Dwivedi Neelam , Siddiqui Ayaz 
Published: January 2024

Autonomic nervous system controls and balances sympathetic and parasympathetic system to maintain homeostasis without conscious control. The sympathetic nervous system controls the dilation of the pupil or mydriasis. HR variation (HRV) analysis is a popular non-invasive tool for assessing functions of autonomic nervous system. Medical students are under constant cognitive load, it is required to follow-up on status on their autonomic control during their education phase. The objective of this study was to observe any correlation between pupillary size and heart rate.Total of 30 students participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements and vitals like pulse, blood pressure was recorded. Pupillary size of the participants was measured using the pupillometer in the illuminated. HRV recording was done by placing electrodes for standard Lead II ECG. HRV reports were generated using Kubios HRV 3.5 software standard version. The pupillary size Right and Left are negatively correlated with the SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50, HF, SDI and SD2. However, LF, LF/HF and SD2/SD1 ratio are positively correlated. These findings support the notion that pupillary size can serve as a non-invasive indicator of autonomic nervous system activity.
Analisis Perkembangan Permukiman Kecamatan Paron Kabupaten Ngawi Tahun 2002-2018
Authors: PRAMESWARI GRIZKA LUTHFIAH 
Published: January 2024

<p><em>This study aims to: (1) Knowing the development of settlements. (2) The pattern of distribution of settlements. (3) Factors influencing the development of settlements in Paron District, Ngawi Regency in 2002-2018.</em></p><em><em> The research was conducted in Paron District, Ngawi Regency. The population of this research is KK.<em>The sample that will be used in this research is cluster sampling based on the number of additional residential lands and the increase in the number of heads of families.</em></em></em><p><em>There are 3 data analysis techniques based on the formulation of the problem, namely: (1) Settlement development using spatial analysis. (2) The pattern of distribution of settlements using the nearest neighbor analysis technique according to Bintarto (1991: 74). (3) Factors influencing the development of settlements from data processing after collecting data through various sources, which will then be classified. According to Yunus (1987: 73) there are nineteen significant reasons for the attractiveness of the population to move. </em></p><p><em> The results of this study: (1) The area of settlements/buildings located in the research area in 2002 was 1,520.1 Ha, in 2010 the area was 1,809.9 Ha, resulting in an increase in the use of residential land as much as 289.8 Ha. In 2010 the settlement area was 1,809.9 Ha, in 2018 the total settlement area was 2,175.36 Ha, the changes that occurred were 365.46 Ha. (2) The pattern of distribution of settlements in Paron District has a result of Ta = 0.00016320772, it is concluded that it is close to a clustered pattern with T = 0-1. (3) The most dominant factor among the 19 things is: getting an inheritance with a voter turnout of 78 respondents or 52%. The second position wants to be independent with 50 respondents or 33%. The third position is close to the workplace with a voter turnout of 20 respondents or 13%.</em><em></em></p>
Kesiapsiagaan Individu-Rumah Tangga dan Kelembagaan Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Longsor Lahan Di Kecamatan Ngargoyoso Kabupaten Karanganyar Tahun 2019
Authors: Muctharom Muchtarom - 
Published: January 2024

<p><em>This study aims (1) to know the level of preparedness of individuals - households in the face of landslides in the District Ngargoyoso Karanganyar and (2) to know the level of preparedness of community institutions in the face of landslides in the Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency.</em></p><em>This researchy resulted the following conclusions. First, the level of individual-household preparedness in Ngargoyoso District is almost ready with 63 points. Ngargoyoso has 1 village with an individual-households preparedness level facing landslides with a very ready category, namely Kemuning with 80 points. Three villages have a level of preparedness with a ready category, namely Girimulyo with 67 points, Ngargoyoso with 71 points, and Segorogunung with 73 points. Two villages have a level of preparedness almost ready, namely Berjo with 60 points and Dukuh with 64 points. Three villages had a low level of preparedness, namely Jatirejo with 50 points, Nglegok with 49 points, and Puntukrejo with 50 points. Second, the level of community institutions preparedness to face landslides in Ngargoyoso District is almost ready with 58 points. Six villages in Ngargoyoso have the level of community institutions preparedness to face landslides in the almost ready category, namely Berjo (63 points), Dukuh (59 points), Girimulyo (64 points), Kemuning (61 points), Ngargoyoso (59 points), Nglegok (60 points); while three other villages in the category of less ready, namely Jatirejo (54 points), Puntukrejo (53 points), and Segorogunung (52 points).</em>
Analisis Persebaran Dan Jangkauan Sekolah Menengah (SMA, MA, SMK) Di Kota Magelang, Jawa Tengah Tahun 2020
Authors: Ristanto Kurniawan Pujo , Rindarjono Gamal , Noviani Rita 
Published: January 2024

<p>Perencanaan fasilitas pendidikan SMA di suatu daerah perlu mempertimbangkan beberapa aspek pola distribusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan geografis dengan aspek spasial. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif dan analisisnya menggunakan analisis tetangga terdekat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran dan jangkauan fasilitas pendidikan SMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran SMA di Kabupaten Magelang Utara mempunyai pola yang seragam, sedangkan sebaran di Magelang Tengah dan Selatan mempunyai pola acak, sedangkan untuk SMA (SMK) mempunyai pola mengelompok di Kabupaten Magelang Utara. dan pola acak untuk Kabupaten Magelang Tengah dan Selatan. Sekolah-sekolah tersebut mempunyai standar jangkauan yang sama, yaitu 3000 m. Seluruh SMA di kabupaten tersebut mampu menjangkau melampaui batas administratif Kota Magelang.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci: SMA, pola distribusi, jangkauan</p>
TVRI Yogyakarta in the era of disruption: Maintaining the existence of cultural wisdom through the broadcast of "Canthing
Authors: Nurrohmah Shinta , Rifa'i Akhmad 
Published: January 2024

The existence of social media, which intensively displays similarities with television shows, has resulted in the decline of the television industry. Thus shifting the tastes of the younger generation by offering modern trends rather than local culture. This also happened on local Republic of Indonesia television, such as TVRI Yogyakarta. This article aims to reveal TVRI Yogyakarta's strategy for maintaining cultural wisdom through the Canthing program amid an era of media disruption. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation related to research. The results of this research show that TVRI Yogyakarta's strategy in maintaining the existence of the Canthing program is through the use of professional human resources, packaging the program with the main content of Javanese culture, methods of approaching and involving the youth community and socializing the program through advertisements on various TVRI Yogyakarta programs. by using social media as a form of divergence, convergence, and cyclone methods. TVRI Yogyakarta tries to provide innovations in the programs presented according to current developments so that they continue to be in demand by the current generation and beyond. This study contributes to the development of theories and concepts of the function of media as a cultural medium, which is also the orientation of Islamic communication. ***Eksisnya media sosial yang gencar menampilkan kemiripan dengan tayangan televisi mengakibatkan menurunnya industri pertelevisian sehingga menggeser selera generasi muda dengan penawaran trend modern daripada budaya lokalnya. Hal tersebut juga terjadi di televisi lokal Republik Indonesia seperti TVRI Yogyakarta. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membongkar bagaimana strategi TVRI Yogyakarta dalam menjaga eksistensi kearifan budaya di tengah era disrupsi media melalui program Canthing. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang terkait dengan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa strategi TVRI Yogyakarta dalam mempertahankan eksistensi program Canthing melalui penggunaan sumber daya manusia yang profesional, pengemasan program dengan mengusung konten utama budaya Jawa, metode pendekatan dengan melibatkan komunitas anak muda, dan sosialisasi program melalui iklan pada berbagai program acara TVRI Yogyakarta dengan pemanfaatan media social sebagai bentuk dari metode divergensi, konvergensi, dan siklon. TVRI Yogyakarta berusaha memberikan inovasi baru terhadap program-program yang disajikan sesuai perkembangan zaman sehingga terus diminati oleh generasi masa kini dan seterusnya. Studi ini berkontribusi bagi pengembangan teori dan konsep fungsi media sebagai sarana kebudayaan, yang juga menjadi orientasi dari komunikasi Islam.
Molecular Characterization, Expression and In Situ Hybridization Analysis
of a Pedal Peptide/Orcokinin-type Neuropeptide in Cuttlefish Sepiella
japonica
Authors: Li Gong , Qiu Jiayin , Cao Huimin , Zheng Libing , Chi Changfeng , Li Shuang , Zhou Xu 
Published: January 2024

Background::
Neuropeptide pedal peptide (PP) and orcokinin (OK), which are structurally
related active peptides, have been widely discovered in invertebrates and constitute the
PP/OK neuropeptide family. They have complex structures and play myriad roles in physiological
processes. To date, there have been no related reports of PP/OK-type neuropeptide in
cephalopods, which possess a highly differentiated multi-lobular brain.

Methods::
Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) was employed to obtain the open reading
frame (ORF) of PP/OK-type neuropeptide in Sepiella japonica (termed as Sj-PP/OK). Various
software were used for sequence analysis. Semi-quantitative PCR was applied to analyze the tissue
distribution profile, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to study spatio-temporal
expression throughout the entire growth and development period, and in situ hybridization (ISH)
was employed to observe the tissue location of Sj-PP/OK.

Results::
in the present study, we identified the ORF of Sj-PP/OK. The putative precursor of Sj-PP/
OK encodes 22 mature peptides, of which only tridecapeptides could undergo post-translationally
amidated at C-terminus. Each of these tridecapeptides possesses the most conserved and frequent
N-terminus Asp-Ser-Ile (DSI). Sequence analysis revealed that Sj-PP/OK shared comparatively
low identity with other invertebrates PP or OK. The tissue distribution profile showed differences
in the expression level of Sj-PP/OK between male and female. qRT-PCR data demonstrated
that Sj-PP/OK was widely distributed in various tissues, with its expression level increasing continuously
in the brain, optic lobe, liver, and nidamental gland throughout the entire growth and development
stages until gonad maturation. ISH detected that Sj-PP/OK positive signals existed in
almost all regions of the optic lobe except the plexiform zone, the outer edge of all functional
lobes in the brain, epithelial cells and the outer membrane layer of the accessory nidamental
gland. These findings suggest that Sj-PP/OK might play a role in the regulation of reproduction,
such as vitellogenin synthesis, restoration, and ova encapsulation.

Conclusion::
The study indicated that Sj-PP/OK may be involved in the neuroendocrine regulation
in cephalopods, providing primary theoretical basis for further studies of its regulation role in reproduction.