bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lobular carcinoma with cytoplasmic granules
Authors: Vdovenko Alexandre , Bass Randall , Tauchi‐Nishi Pamela , Namiki Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on a case of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast with a previously undescribed cytologic feature. Diff‐Quik‐stained cytologic preparations showed uniform single cells with prominent coarse cytoplasmic granules. Ultrastructurally, the granules showed features suggestive of autophagosomes and/or degenerative mitochondria. The cytologic differential diagnosis included granulocytic sarcoma, metastatic melanoma, extramedullary hematopoiesis, large granulocytic leukemia/lymphoma, and mast‐cell tumor. Adjunctive studies were helpful in the diagnosis of carcinoma. Histologic study of the mastectomy specimen showed classic type of invasive lobular carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:253–257, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specialized preparative devices are not needed for liquid‐based, thin‐layer cytology: An alternate manual method using a metastable alcoholic gel
Authors: Maksem John A. , Weidmann James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe blending and use of a metastable alcoholic gel is described. The gel creates durable, uniform suspensions of cells and small aggregates of cells. It allows the random, uniform transfer of virtually any liquid‐fixed cytology specimens to a glass slide without the use of specialized devices, proprietary disposables, or adhesive‐coated glass slides. The method is inexpensive and can be performed in a timely fashion, not impacting laboratory turnaround times or requiring the specimen to be processed by other laboratories. It empowers cytology laboratories of any size or level of complexity to make slides from readily available commercial cytology fixatives. It allows the total contents of liquid‐based cytology specimen vials to be examined, providing a “cytological method” for quality assuring liquid‐based cytology samples. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:262–264, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastatic metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MCB): An uncharacteristic pattern of presentation with clinicopathologic correlation
Authors: Catroppo James F. , Lara Jonathan F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMetaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MCB) is a well recognized but uncommon aberrant manifestation of poorly differentiated invasive carcinoma containing both epithelial (ductal) and mesenchymal elements as well as a transitional form between them. This heterogeneous tumor characteristically contains ductal carcinoma cells mixed with areas of diverse morphologic phenotype displaying spindle, squamous, chondroid, or osseous differentiation. Some studies have suggested that certain types of metaplastic carcinoma have a more favorable prognosis as compared with others. We describe a case involving a 67‐yr‐old woman who presented with metastatic nodules in the lungs and a vague but recent history of breast cancer. The case highlights a subtype of MCB with a predominant spindle cell component metastatic to the lung. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) smears of the nodules revealed a bland, spindle cell, mesenchymal proliferation with minimal evidence of an epithelial component. A second primary was clinically excluded and a request for review of the original slides identified a metaplastic component to the original tumor with a histologic and immunohistochemical profile identical to the metastatic tumor, confirming origin from the breast. Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast commonly bypass axillary lymph nodes and present as distant metastases. FNAB diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is quite difficult at the primary site and poses a formidable diagnostic challenge at a metastatic site, especially when the dominant pattern is not of the usual type. The literature is reviewed, confirming the rarity of such a presentation and the novelty of this case. Confirmation by FNAB is also quite difficult but may become more commonplace as a trend toward minimal intervention continues to gain popularity. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing and reporting metaplastic elements in primary breast tumors, as well as the value of direct morphologic comparison of cytologic material from FNABs with archival histologic material. In such situations, the importance of complete and accurate clinicopathologic information is underscored. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:285–291, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenosine and synaptic plasticity
Authors: de Mendonça Alexandre , Ribeiro Joachim A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdenosine modulates long‐term synaptic plasticity. Application of adenosine A1 receptor agonists attenuates long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Endogenous adenosine exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on LTP, since A1 receptor antagonists consistently facilitate LTP. Adenosine also modulates the reciprocal phenomenon of synaptic plasticity, long‐term depression (LTD), and depotentiation in a way that depends on the specific induction protocol. Application of adenosine A2A receptor agonists can facilitate LTP, but the role of endogenous adenosine mediated through A2A receptors in the modulation of synaptic plasticity is still the subject of controversy. The effects of adenosine on synaptic plasticity mediated through A3 receptors have been described. In accordance with the notion that synaptic plasticity is the basis for learning and memory in different brain areas, adenosine correspondingly modulates behavior in various learning and memory paradigms. The effects of adenosine on synaptic plasticity should be relevant for the enhancement of intellectual performance related to caffeine intake. Adenosinergic compounds might prove helpful in the treatment of memory disorders. Drug Dev. Res. 52:283–290, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine derivatives as adenosine receptor ligands: A starting point for searching A2B adenosine receptor antagonists
Authors: Baraldi Pier Giovanni , Cacciari Barbara , Romagnoli Romeo , Klotz Karl‐Norbert , Spalluto Giampiero , Varani Katia , Gessi Stefania , Merighi Stefania , Borea Pier Andrea 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of novel pyrazolo[4,3‐e]1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine substituted at N8 pyrazole nitrogen and at the 5‐amino group was synthesized and their affinities to all four cloned human adenosine receptor subtypes were evaluated by competition binding assays using [3H]‐DPCPX (A1 and A2B), [3H]‐SCH 58261 (A2A), and [3H]‐MRE3008‐F20 (A3) as radioligands. In particular, the structural requirements necessary for adenosine A2B receptor recognition were investigated. These preliminary results confirm that the free amino group at the 5‐position confers better A2B affinity, while the effect of the chain at nitrogen pyrazole nucleus, the 8‐position, seems to be preferred with respect to the corresponding N7 regioisomers. The introduction of an aminoacyl chain at the 5‐amino group produces better selectivity for A2B receptors vs. A2A, but the compounds still remain more potent for A1 and a significant decrease (about 5‐fold) of affinity at A2B receptors was observed. Surprisingly, with these polar chains a good affinity at human A3 adenosine receptors was also detected. The most interesting compounds in binding studies proved to be potent antagonists (nM range) in functional assays, measuring the inhibition of cAMP production induced by 100 nM NECA. Drug Dev. Res. 53:225–235, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiamnesic effect of the two novel κ‐opioid agonists, VA‐100 and VA‐101, in the mouse passive avoidance test
Authors: Ghelardini Carla , Galeotti Nicoletta , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Cappelli Andrea , Anzini Maurizio , Bartolini Alessandro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of the administration of the two novel κ‐opioid agonists (VA‐100, VA‐101) on memory processes were evaluated with the mouse passive avoidance test. The administration of VA‐100 (50–100 mg kg–1 p.o.) and VA‐101 (100 mg kg–1 p.o.) administered 20 min before the training session prevented nor‐binaltorphimine (4.9 μg per mouse i.c.v.), scopolamine (1.5 mg kg–1 i.p.), mecamylamine (20 mg kg–1 i.p.), diphenhydramine (20 mg kg–1 i.p.), and baclofen (2 mg kg–1 i.p.) amnesia. At the highest effective doses, none of the drugs impaired motor coordination, as revealed by the rota‐rod test, nor modified spontaneous motility and inspection activity, as revealed by the hole board test. The antiamnesic effect induced by VA‐100 and VA‐101 was comparable to that exerted by the κ‐opioid agonist U‐50,488H, as well as that induced by the nootropic drug piracetam and the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine. These results suggest that the activation of κ‐opioid receptors plays an important role in the prevention of memory impairment. On these bases, κ‐opioid receptor agonists could represent a useful symptomatic treatment for cognitive deficits. Drug Dev. Res. 54:12–18, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prophylactic effects of caprine serum factor (CSF‐I) in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Willeford Kenneth O. , Parker Todd A. , Pharr G. Todd , Buddington Karyl 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdministration of caprine serum fraction–immunomodulator (CSF‐I) resulted in an enhanced survival rate in female Swiss Webster mice infected with approximately 5,000 colony‐forming units of Salmonella typhimurium. The prophylactic benefit of CSF‐I resulted in a significant reduction in mortality of treated mice vs. control mice. Dependent upon the inoculum’s titer, 80–90% of the control group was lost due to salmonellosis by 8 days postchallenge. A single 0.1 ml (3 mg) subcutaneous dose of CSF‐I given 1 day before challenge improved the survival by 70–80% and dramatically reduced the presence of S. typhimurium in splenic tissue. No prophylactic benefits were observed if CSF‐I was given 4 days in advance of the pathogenic challenge. The prophylactic benefits of CSF‐I developed in a dose‐dependent manner. CSF‐I enhances the ability of the host to withstand and survive the challenge of an infectious agent. Drug Dev. Res. 54:45–51, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and syntheses of diarylisoxazoles: Novel inhibitors of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) with analgesic‐antiinflammatory activity
Authors: Habeeb Amgad G. , Rao P.N. Praveen , Knaus Edward E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA group of 4,5‐diphenylisoxazoles (11a–p), 3,4‐diphenyl‐5‐trifluoromethylisoxazoles (15, 21), and 4,5‐diphenyl‐3‐methylsulfonamidoisoxazole (23) possessing a variety of substituents (H, F, MeS, MeSO, MeSO2) at the para‐position of one of the phenyl rings were synthesized for evaluation as analgesic, and selective COX‐2 inhibitory antiinflammatory (AI), agents. Although the 4,5‐diphenylisoxazole group of compounds (11a–p) exhibited potent analgesic and AI activities, those compounds evaluated (11a, 11b, 11m) were more selective inhibitors of COX‐1 than COX‐2, with the exception of 4‐(4‐methylsulphonylphenyl)‐5‐phenylisoxazole (11n) that showed a modest COX‐2 selectivity index (SI) of 2.1. In contrast, 3‐(4‐methylsulphonylphenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐5‐trifluoromethylisoxazole (15), which retained good analgesic and AI activities, was a highly potent and selective COX‐2 inhibitor (COX‐1 IC50 > 500 μM; COX‐2 IC50 < 0.001 μM) with a COX‐2 SI of > 500,000, relative to the reference drug celecoxib (COX‐1 IC50 = 22.9 μM; COX‐2 IC50 = 0.0567 μM) with a COX‐2 SI of 404. The 3‐phenyl‐4‐(4‐methylsulphonylphenyl) regioisomer (21) was a less potent inhibitor (COX‐1 IC50 = 252 μM; COX‐2 IC50 = 0.2236 μM) with a COX‐2 SI of 1122, relative to the regioisomer (15). The related compound 4,5‐diphenyl‐3‐methylsulfonamidoisoxazole (23) exhibited similar (to 21) potency and COX‐2 selectivity (COX‐1 IC50 > 200 μM; COX‐2 IC50 = 0.226 μM) with an SI of 752. A molecular modeling (docking) study for the most potent, and selective, COX‐2 inhibitor (15) in the active site of the human COX‐2 enzyme showed the C‐5 CF3 substituent is positioned 3.37 Å from the phenolic OH of Tyr355, and 6.91 Å from the Ser530 OH. The S‐atom of the MeSO2 substituent is positioned deep (7.40 Å from the entrance) inside the COX‐2 secondary pocket (Val523). These studies indicate a C‐5 CF3 (15, 21), or C‐3 NHSO2Me (23), central isoxazole ring substituent is crucial to selective inhibition of COX‐2 for this class of compounds. Drug Dev. Res. 51:273–286, 2000. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human fetal and neonatal movement patterns: Gender differences and fetal‐to‐neonatal continuity
Authors: Almli C. Robert , Ball Robert H. , Wheeler Mark E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLongitudinal quantification of leg movements per minute for human subjects during both fetal and neonatal periods was accomplished from videotapings conducted antenatally (ultrasonography 30, 34, and 37 weeks gestational age) and postnatally (birth and 6 weeks of age). Fetal/neonatal subjects displayed decreasing numbers of leg movements per minute during antenatal development (30 to 37 weeks), followed by increasing numbers of leg movements per minute during postnatal development (birth to 6 weeks of age). Male subjects displayed greater numbers of leg movements per minute than female subjects during both antenatal and postnatal development. Fetal‐to‐neonatal continuity for numbers of leg movements per minute was found for comparisons between fetal (37 weeks gestational age) and neonatal (during sleep states at birth) measures, and females displayed a stronger and different movement continuity pattern than males. These results indicate a differential time course for neurobehavioral development of male and female fetuses/neonates, and the findings have implications for the clinical assessment of fetal neurobehavioral development and well‐being. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 252–273, 2001
Competition and cooperation among huddling infant rats
Authors: Sokoloff Greta , Blumberg Mark S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuddling is expressed by infant rats and continues to be an important behavior throughout adulthood. As a form of behavioral thermoregulation, huddling is thought to play an essential role in compensating for inadequate physiological thermoregulation early in development. Infant rats, however, are capable of heat production shortly after birth using brown adipose tissue (BAT) and exhibit thermogenesis in the huddle, suggesting that huddling does not obviate the need for endothermy during cold exposure. In the present experiment, 4‐pup huddles of infant rats (2‐ or 8‐day‐olds) were exposed to two subthermoneutral temperatures, and BAT thermogenesis was inhibited in 0, 2, or 4 of the rats in each huddle. Inhibition of BAT thermogenesis compromised the pups' ability to maintain huddle temperature, but surprisingly did not result in enhanced huddling at either age. These results suggest that effective huddling during cold exposure requires the thermal resources provided by endothermy. Furthermore, the heat provided by BAT appears to shape behavioral interactions in the huddle during development. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 65–75, 2001
Autoimmune gestational diabetes mellitus: a distinct clinical entity?
Authors: Mauricio Dídac , de Leiva Alberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis review gives an update of the present knowledge on what is defined here as autoimmune gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Autoimmune phenomena associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) can be detected in a subgroup of women with GDM. Islet autoantibodies are present in sera from women with GDM with variable frequency. Distinct phenotypic and genotypic features may be recognised in this subset of women with GDM, which are representative of a distinct clinical entity. Furthermore, these women are at increased risk of developing type 1 DM after pregnancy. However, the eventual progression of the autoimmune destruction of beta‐cells in these subjects may follow different time‐course patterns thus leading to variable forms of presentation of autoimmune DM. As a high‐risk group for type 1 diabetes, women with previous autoimmune GDM may be candidates for potential immune intervention strategies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vestibular dysgenesis in mice lacking Abr and Bcr Cdc42/RacGAPs
Authors: Kaartinen Vesa , Nagy Andre , Gonzalez‐Gomez Ignacio , Groffen John , Heisterkamp Nora 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe inner ear develops from a simple epithelium (otic placode) into the complex structures specialized for balance (vestibule) and sound (cochlea) detection. Abnormal vestibular and cochlear development is associated with many birth defects. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular bases of these conditions. To determine the biological function of two closely related GTPase activating proteins for the Cdc42/Rac GTPases, Abr and Bcr, we generated a mouse strain deficient in both of these proteins. Double null mutant mice exhibit hyperactivity, persistent circling, and are unable to swim. These phenotypes are typically found in mice with vestibular defects. Indeed, adult double null mutants display abnormal dysmorphic structures of both the saccule and utricle. Moreover, a total loss of otoconia can be seen in the utricle, whereas in the saccule, otoconia are either missing or their number is drastically decreased and they are abnormally large. Interestingly, both the cochlea and semicircular canals are normal and the double null mutant mice are not deaf. These data demonstrate that Abr and Bcr play important complementary roles during vestibular morphogenesis and that a function of Cdc42/RacGAPs and, therefore, that of the small Rho‐related GTPases is critically important for balance and motor coordination. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Segment‐specific expression of connexin31 in the embryonic hindbrain is regulated by Krox20
Authors: Jungbluth Stefan , Willecke Klaus , Champagnat Jean 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCommunication and interaction between cells has been shown to be important during the embryonic development of the vertebrate hindbrain, which becomes transiently subdivided into segments called rhombomeres (r). One gene family allowing intercellular communication and possibly being involved in the control of hindbrain development is the connexin family encoding gap junction channels. Here, we have characterized in detail the previously observed (Dahl et al., 1997) expression of one particular connexin gene, connexin31 (Cx31), in the mouse embryonic hindbrain and compared it with that of Cx43 and Cx36. We found transient Cx31 expression from approximately embryonic day (E) E8–E11 in two small lateral/dorsal subgroups of cells in the hindbrain. We could show that these spots of expression corresponded to r3 and r5 and that Cx31 expression in r3 and r5 was controlled by the transcription factor Krox20. In contrast, expression of Cx43 and Cx36 started later (from E9.5 and E10.5, respectively) and was confined to longitudinal stripes of expression. In addition, from E10.5–E11.5, Cx31 was expressed by a column of cells in ventral r4, most likely representing contralateral vestibulo‐acoustic efferent neurons, immediately anterior to a ventral column expressing Cx36 at the same stage. From E11.5 onward, another site of Cx31 expression was detected in the boundary cap cells in the entry/exit points of all mixed sensory/motor and in the entry points of pure sensory nerves. This expression was not present in the boundary cap cells of the exit points of pure motor nerves. So far, our analysis of the hindbrain area of Cx31‐deficient embryos in terms of projections of sensory or motor neurons or in the generation or migration of neurons has not yet revealed any obvious defects. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HOXB4 homeodomain protein is expressed in developing epidermis and skin disorders and modulates keratinocyte proliferation
Authors: Kömüves László G. , Michael Elias , Arbeit Jeffrey M. , Ma Xiao‐Kui , Kwong Angela , Stelnicki Eric , Rozenfeld Sophia , Morimune M. , Yu Qian‐Chun , Largman Corey 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe HOX homeodomain proteins are fundamental regulators of organ and tissue development, where they are thought to function as transcription factors, and HOX gene expression has been associated with numerous types of cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that enforced expression of the HOXB4 protein transforms cultured fibroblasts and leads to a selective expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell pool, suggesting that this protein might play a role in cellular proliferation. In support of this concept, we now show that enforced expression of HOXB4 in human neonatal keratinocytes results in increased cellular proliferation and colony formation as well as decreased expression of the alpha‐2‐integrin and CD44 cell surface adhesion molecules. We previously have reported HOXB4 gene expression in the basal and suprabasal layers of developing human skin and now show extensive HOXB4 mRNA in psoriatic skin and basal cell carcinoma. In fetal human skin HOXB4 protein expression was both nuclear and cytoplasmic within epidermal basal cells and in hair follicle inner and outer root sheath cells, whereas strong nuclear signals were observed in the bulge region. In adult skin, HOXB4 protein expression was both nuclear and cytoplasmic, but was predominantly localized to the intermediate and differentiated cell layers. In contrast to the striking gradient patterns of HOX gene and protein expression previously described in developing spinal cord and limb, HOXB4 protein was uniformly detected in all regions of the fetal and adult skin. Although little HOXB4 signal localized to proliferative cell layers, as marked by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining, in normal adult epidermis, nuclear HOXB4 protein expression substantially overlapped with PCNA‐positive cell in a series of samples of hyperproliferative skin. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclear HOXB4 protein may play a role in the regulation of cellular proliferation/adhesion in developing fetal human epidermis and in hyperproliferation conditions, including cancers, in adult epidermis. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of Calymmin, a novel notochord sheath‐associated extracellular matrix protein in the zebrafish embryo
Authors: Cerdà Joan , Gründ Christine , Franke Werner W. , Brand Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the screening of a zebrafish postsomitogenesis embryo cDNA library, we have identified a cDNA corresponding to a novel type of protein localized to the notochordal sheath‐associated extracellular matrix (ECM) of the embryo. The 4.049‐kb mRNA encodes a predicted polypeptide of 1,207 amino acids (122 kDa, pI 10.50) with a potential signal peptide of 20 amino acids. After the signal peptide, the mature protein consists of 1,187 amino acids (119 kDa, pI 10.46), for which the name “Calymmin” (from Greek χαλνμμα, to envelop, to cover) is proposed. The Calymmin mRNA is highly and transiently expressed by the notochord cells of the embryo from the 10‐ to 12‐somite stage to the pharyngula period (13 and 24 hours postfertilization, respectively), and light and electron microscopical immunolocalization analysis revealed that the protein was specifically localized within a granular and filamentous layer of the ECM compartment surrounding the notochord. In zebrafish no tail mutants (ntltc41), in which the notochord precursor cells are present but fail to differentiate, the Calymmin protein was not detected, confirming the notochord origin of Calymmin. These results indicate that Calymmin is a novel constitutive protein of the ECM compartment associated to the perinotochordal sheath in the zebrafish embryo, which is specifically expressed by the differentiating notochord cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.