bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Performance-Based Resilience Metrics via a Quantitative-Qualitative Combined Approach: Are We Measuring the Same Thing?
Authors: Tang Junqing , Han Song , Wang Jing , He Baojie , Peng Jinhan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince the proposal of the pioneering “resilience triangle” paradigm, various time-series performance-based metrics have been devised for resilience quantification. The numerous choices diversify the toolbox for measuring this compound system concept; however, this multiplicity causes intractable questions for applications, including “Do these metrics measure the same resilience?” and “Which one to pick under what circumstance?” In this study, we attempted to address these two fundamental issues using a comprehensive comparative investigation. Through a quantitative-qualitative combined approach, 12 popular performance-based resilience metrics are compared using empirical data from China’s aviation system under the disturbance of COVID-19. Quantitative results indicate that only 12 of the 66 metric pairs are strongly positively correlated and with no significant differences in quantification outcomes; qualitative results indicate that the majority of the metrics are based on different definition interpretations, basic components, and expression forms, and thus essentially measure different resilience. The advantages and disadvantages of each metric are comparatively discussed, and a “how to choose” guideline for metric users is proposed. This study is an introspective investigation of resilience quantification studies, aiming to offer a new perspective to scrutinize those benchmarking metrics.
From Planning to Execution: Delving into the Crucial Role and Challenges of HEPPUs in Hospital Emergency Management
Authors: Alharazi Ashjan , Al Thobaity Abdulellah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 2018, the Emergency, Disasters and Ambulatory Transportation General Department at the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia established hospital emergency planning and preparation units (HEPPUs) to improve hospitals’ ability to respond to disasters. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the functioning of HEPPUs within hospitals in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Qualitative research methodology and semistructured interviews with emergency managers were employed. Four key themes emerged from the data: establishment and evolution, roles and responsibilities, communication and coordination, and challenges and limitations. The findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, effective communication, and responses to challenges in enhancing healthcare resilience and disaster management. This study contributes insights and offers practical recommendations for improving the preparedness and performance of HEPPUs within Saudi Arabian hospitals.
Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate Releasing Supercritically Foamed Porous Poly-L-Lactide-Co-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold Enhances the Collagen Production of Human Vaginal Stromal Cells: A New Approach for Vaginal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Sartoneva Reetta , Paakinaho Kaarlo , Hannula Markus , Kuismanen Kirsi , Huhtala Heini , Hyttinen Jari , Miettinen Susanna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background:
The reconstructive surgery of vaginal defects is highly demanding and susceptible to complications, especially in larger defects requiring nonvaginal tissue grafts. Thus, tissue engineering-based solutions could provide a potential approach to the reconstruction of vaginal defects.

Methods:
Here, we evaluated a novel porous ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (A2P)-releasing supercritical carbon dioxide foamed poly-L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone (scPLCLA2P) scaffold for vaginal reconstruction with vaginal epithelial (EC) and stromal (SC) cells. The viability, proliferation, and phenotype of ECs and SCs were evaluated in monocultures and in cocultures on d 1, d 7 and d 14. Furthermore, the collagen production of SCs on scPLCLA2P was compared to that on scPLCL without A2P on d 14.

Results:
Both ECs and SCs maintained their viability on the scPLCLA2P scaffold in mono- and coculture conditions, and the cells maintained their typical morphology during the 14-d culture period. Most importantly, the scPLCLA2P scaffolds supported the collagen production of SCs superior to plain scPLCL based on total collagen amount, collagen I and III gene expression results and collagen immunostaining results.

Conclusion:
This is the first study evaluating the effect of A2P on vaginal tissue engineering, and the results are highly encouraging, indicating that scPLCLA2P has potential as a scaffold for vaginal tissue engineering.

Graphical Abstract
GNSS-retrieved precipitable water vapour in the Atlantic coast of France and Spain with GPT3 model
Authors: Perdiguer-Lopez Raquel , Berne Valero José Luis , Garrido-Villen Natalia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWater vapour is a critical atmospheric parameter to understand the Earth's climate system and it is characterized by a complex variability in time and space. GNSS observations have become an important source of information of the water vapour, thanks to its high temporal and spatial resolution. However, the lack of meteorological sites collocated with the GNSS site could hamper water vapour retrieval. The empirical blind models can fill this gap. This study analyses the temporal and spatial distribution of the water vapour using nine GNSS sites located on the Atlantic coast of Spain and France, with the empirical blind model GPT3 as the source of meteorological information. The observations were processed with Bernese 5.2 software on a double difference approach and validated with Zenith Total Delay EUREF REPRO2 values. Consequently, four-years series of water vapour was determined and validated using two matched radiosonde sites. The characterization of the water vapour on the area shows clear seasonal characteristics that the technique captures, using an empirical blind model for the whole process. Maximum values are observed in summer season and minimum in winter. The PWV tends to decrease with increasing latitude in the area of the study. The short-term variations can be reproduced by the high temporal resolution of the GNSS-retrieved water vapour and show a different behaviour over the area, but a similar pattern with a peak in the afternoon and minimum at night was found. Also, less variability is observed in winter season and higher in summertime.
The Nepean Belief Scale (NBS) as a tool to investigate the intensity of beliefs in anorexia nervosa: psychometric properties of the Italian version
Authors: Sciarrillo Arianna , Bevione Francesco , Lepora Marta , Toppino Federica , Lacidogna Maria Carla , Delsedime Nadia , Panero Matteo , Martini Matteo , Abbate Daga Giovanni , Preti Antonio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
People with anorexia nervosa (AN) show a peculiar impairment of insight regarding their condition, often manifesting a denial of extreme emaciation and sometimes hiding or underreporting socially undesirable abnormal eating patterns. Sometimes the intensity of the beliefs held by patients with AN reach a delusional intensity.

Objectives
In this study, the Italian version of the Nepean Belief Scale was applied to a sample of patients diagnosed with AN to investigate the intensity of their beliefs and convictions and its clinical correlates.

Methods
The Nepean Belief Scale (NBS) was translated and adapted to Italian and applied to a sample of patients diagnosed with AN based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5).

Results
The Italian version of the 5-item NBS showed excellent reliability. Convergent validity was proved by negative association with levels of insight measured with the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight in Eating Disorders. Beliefs of delusional intensity were reported by 10% of participants. Those with a greater intensity of beliefs, either overvalued or delusional ideas, were more likely to report poorer general cognitive performances on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. No association was observed between NBS score and age, body mass index, symptoms of eating disorders, body dissatisfaction, or levels of depression. Fear of weight gain and control seeking were the most often reported themes at the NBS.

Conclusions
The Italian version of the NBS is a reasonably reliable, valid, and usable tool for the multidimensional assessment of insight in AN.
Level of evidence Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Reversibly selective encryption for medical images based on coupled chaotic maps and steganography
Authors: Zhang Lina , Song Xianhua , El-Latif Ahmed A. Abd , Zhao Yanfeng , Abd-El-Atty Bassem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe security and confidentiality of medical images are of utmost importance due to frequent issues such as leakage, theft, and tampering during transmission and storage, which seriously impact patient privacy. Traditional encryption techniques applied to entire images have proven to be ineffective in guaranteeing timely encryption and preserving the privacy of organ regions separated from the background. In response, this study proposes a specialized and efficient local image encryption algorithm for the medical field. The proposed encryption algorithm focuses on the regions of interest (ROI) within massive medical images. Initially, the Laplacian of Gaussian operator and the outer boundary tracking algorithm are employed to extract the binary image and achieve ROI edge extraction. Subsequently, the image is divided into ROI and ROB (regions outside ROI). The ROI is transformed into a row vector and rearranged using the Lorenz hyperchaotic system. The rearranged sequence is XOR with the random sequence generated by the Henon chaotic map. Next, the encrypted sequence is arranged according to the location of the ROI region and recombined with the unencrypted ROB to obtain the complete encrypted image. Finally, the least significant bit algorithm controlled by the key is used to embed binary image into the encrypted image to ensure lossless decryption of the medical images. Experimental verification demonstrates that the proposed selective encryption algorithm for massive medical images offers relatively ideal security and higher encryption efficiency. This algorithm addresses the privacy concerns and challenges faced in the medical field and contributes to the secure transmission and storage of massive medical images.
Unsupervised learning of optical flow in a multi-frame dynamic environment using temporal dynamic modeling
Authors: Sun Zitang , Luo Zhengbo , Nishida Shin’ya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor visual estimation of optical flow, which is crucial for various vision analyses, unsupervised learning by view synthesis has emerged as a promising alternative to supervised methods because the ground-truth flow is not readily available in many cases. However, unsupervised learning is likely to be unstable when pixel tracking is lost via occlusion and motion blur, or pixel correspondence is impaired by variations in image content and spatial structure over time. Recognizing that dynamic occlusions and object variations usually exhibit a smooth temporal transition in natural settings, we shifted our focus to model unsupervised learning optical flow from multi-frame sequences of such dynamic scenes. Specifically, we simulated various dynamic scenarios and occlusion phenomena based on Markov property, allowing the model to extract motion laws and thus gain performance in dynamic and occluded areas, which diverges from existing methods without considering temporal dynamics. In addition, we introduced a temporal dynamic model based on a well-designed spatial-temporal dual recurrent block, resulting in a lightweight model structure with fast inference speed. Assuming the temporal smoothness of optical flow, we used the prior motions of adjacent frames to supervise the occluded regions more reliably. Experiments on several optical flow benchmarks demonstrated the effectiveness of our method, as the performance is comparable to several state-of-the-art methods with advantages in memory and computational overhead.
Principles of Photocatalysts and Their Different Applications: A Review
Authors: Hassaan Mohamed A. , El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Elkatory Marwa R. , Ragab Safaa , Niculescu Violeta-Carolina , El Nemr Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman existence and societal growth are both dependent on the availability of clean and fresh water. Photocatalysis is a type of artificial photosynthesis that uses environmentally friendly, long-lasting materials to address energy and environmental issues. There is currently a considerable demand for low-cost, high-performance wastewater treatment equipment. By changing the structure, size, and characteristics of nanomaterials, the use of nanotechnology in the field of water filtration has evolved dramatically. Semiconductor-assisted photocatalysis has recently advanced to become among the most promising techniques in the fields of sustainable energy generation and ecological cleanup. It is environmentally beneficial, cost-effective, and strictly linked to the zero waste discharge principle used in industrial effluent treatment. Owing to the reduction or removal of created unwanted byproducts, the green synthesis of photoactive nanomaterial is more beneficial than chemical synthesis approaches. Furthermore, unlike chemical synthesis methods, the green synthesis method does not require the use of expensive, dangerous, or poisonous ingredients, making it a less costly, easy, and environmental method for photocatalyst synthesis. This work focuses on distinct greener synthesis techniques utilized for the production of new photocatalysts, including metals, metal doped-metal oxides, metal oxides, and plasmonic nanostructures, including the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to the design and selection of an innovative photocatalyst in the context of energy and environmental challenges. A brief overview of the industrial and environmental applications of photocatalysts is also presented. Finally, an overview and recommendations for future research are given to create photocatalytic systems with greatly improved stability and efficiency.
“Here Be Dragons”: Historical and Contemporary Archaeology and Heritage in the Aegean Sea
Authors: Lekakis Stelios 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPostmedieval, modern, and contemporary remains are ubiquitous, yet their study and curatorship are uncommon in the Aegean geographic context. In this article I discuss the materiality of these uncared-for ruins, drawing from rural and urban remains in the Aegean, contrasted with other littoral sites in the Mediterranean. I focus on their social and cultural impact and their role in contemporary communities, along with the state provisions organized to protect and manage them in Greece and Turkey. I propose a present and socially engaged archaeological praxis and emphasize the need for historical/contemporary archaeology to be more politically involved, raising awareness and broadening the representation of marginalized communities.
The development of roadside green swales in the Chinese Sponge City Program: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Lu Lingwen , Chan Faith Ka Shun , Johnson Matthew , Zhu Fangfang , Xu Yaoyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRoadside green swales have emerged as popular stormwater management infrastructure in urban areas, serving to mitigate stormwater pollution and reduce urban surface water discharge. However, there is a limited understanding of the various types, structures, and functions of swales, as well as the potential challenges they may face in the future. In recent years, China has witnessed a surge in the adoption of roadside green swales, especially as part of the prestigious Sponge City Program (SCP). These green swales play a crucial role in controlling stormwater pollution and conserving urban water resources by effectively removing runoff pollutants, including suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus. This review critically examines recent research findings, identifies key knowledge gaps, and presents future recommendations for designing green swales for effective stormwater management, with a particular emphasis on ongoing major Chinese infrastructure projects. Despite the growing global interest in bioswales and their significance in urban development, China’s current classification of such features lacks a clear definition or specific consideration of bioswales. Furthermore, policymakers have often underestimated the adverse environmental effects of road networks, as reflected in existing laws and planning documents. This review argues that the construction and maintenance of roadside green swales should be primarily based on three critical factors: Wellthought- out road planning, suitable construction conditions, and sustainable long-term funding. The integration of quantitative environmental standards into road planning is essential to effectively address the challenge of pollution from rainfall runoff. To combat pollution associated with roads, a comprehensive assessment of potential pollution loadings should be carried out, guiding the appropriate design and construction of green swales, with a particular focus on addressing the phenomenon of first flush. One of the major challenges faced in sustaining funds for ongoing maintenance after swale construction. To address this issue, the implementation of a green finance platform is proposed. Such a platform would help ensure the availability of funds for continuous maintenance, thus maximizing the long-term effectiveness of green swales in stormwater management. Ultimately, the findings of this review aim to assist municipal governments in enhancing and implementing future urban road designs and SCP developments, incorporating effective green swale strategies.
Urban infrastructure design principles for connected and autonomous vehicles: a case study of Oxford, UK
Authors: Liu Huazhen , Yang Miao , Guan ChengHe , Chen Yi Samuel , Keith Michael , You Meizi , Menendez Monica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConnected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are reshaping urban systems, demanding substantial computational support. While existing research emphasizes the significance of establishing physical and virtual infrastructure to facilitate CAV integration, a comprehensive framework for designing CAV-related infrastructure principles remains largely absent. This paper introduces a holistic framework that addresses gaps in current literature by presenting principles for the design of CAV-related infrastructure. We identify diverse urban infrastructure types crucial for CAVs, each characterized by intricate considerations. Deriving from existing literature, we introduce five principles to guide investments in physical infrastructure, complemented by four principles specific to virtual infrastructure. These principles are expected to evolve with CAV development and associated technology advancements. Furthermore, we exemplify the application of these principles through a case study in Oxford, UK. In doing so, we assess urban conditions, identify representative streets, and craft CAV-related urban infrastructure tailored to distinct street characteristics. This framework stands as a valuable reference for cities worldwide as they prepare for the increasing adoption of CAVs.
Sustainable railways for Morocco: a comprehensive energy and environmental assessment
Authors: El Alaoui Hamza , Bazzi Ahmed , El Hafdaoui Hamza , Khallaayoun Ahmed , Lghoul Rachid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive environmental impact assessment of different train types in Morocco, including passenger-only, goods-only, and mixed-use services. Through a comparative evaluation based on climate change, respiratory effects, and acidification/eutrophication, we find that passenger-only trains exhibit the highest environmental impact across all categories due to their high energy consumption and emissions. Conversely, goods-only and mixed-use trains display markedly lower environmental impacts, emphasizing the role of service type and operational efficiency in mitigating environmental harm. Our findings underscore the need for strategic optimization in train services, particularly passenger-only operations, and open the door for comprehensive economic and environmental assessments of alternative train technologies and fuel mixtures in the context of Morocco’s decarbonization plans.
A method for imaging water transport in soil–snow systems with neutron radiography
Authors: Lombardo Michael , Lehmann Peter , Kaestner Anders , Fees Amelie , Van Herwijnen Alec , Schweizer Jürg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Liquid water at the ground–snow interface is thought to play a crucial role in the release of glide-snow avalanches, which can be massive and threaten infrastructure in alpine regions. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the formation of this interfacial water. However, these mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part because suitable measurement techniques are lacking. Here, we demonstrate the use of neutron radiography for imaging water transport in soil–snow systems. Columns of sand, gravel and snow were used to simulate the capillary forces of the soil–vegetation–snow layering found in nature. The columns were connected to a water reservoir to maintain a constant-pressure boundary condition and placed in a climatic chamber within the neutron beam. We show that neutron radiography is capable of measuring changes in the optical density distribution (related to liquid water content) within all three layers of the model system. Results suggest that a porous interface between the sand and snow may induce the formation of a water layer in the basal snowpack. Improved understanding of the water transport in soil–snow systems should lead to better prediction of glide-snow avalanche release and could also benefit other fields such as snow hydrology.