bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Vacancies Driven by Co in the Deeply Charged State Inducing Intragranular Cracking of Ni‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Guo Fuqiren , Chen Yaoqu , Song Yang , Deng Yuting , Hua Weibo , Yang Wen , Chen Ting , Wu Zhenguo , Qiu Lang , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntragranular cracking within the material structure of Ni‐rich (LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐y, x ≥0.9) cathodes greatly threatens cathode integrity and causes capacity degradation, yet its atomic‐scale incubation mechanism is not completely elucidated. Notably, the physicochemical properties of component elements fundamentally determine the material structure of cathodes. Herein, a diffusion‐controlled incubation mechanism of intragranular cracking is unraveled, and an underlying correlation model with Co element is established. Multi‐dimensional analysis reveals that oxygen vacancies appear due to the charge compensation from highly oxidizing Co ions in the deeply charged state, driving the transition metal migration to Li layer and layered to rock‐salt phase transition. The local accumulation of two accompanying tensile strains collaborates to promote the nucleation and growth of intragranular cracks along the fragile rock‐salt phase domain on (003) plane. This study focuses on the potential risks posed by Co to the architectural and thermal stability of Ni‐rich cathodes and is dedicated to the compositional design and performance optimization of Ni‐rich cathodes.
Combined exposure to lead and microplastics increased risk of glucose metabolism in mice via the Nrf2/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhu Mengqiang , Li Peng , Xu Tongfen , Zhang Guoyun , Xu Zhuo , Wang Xiangrong , Zhao Lulu , Yang Haibo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the effects of combined lead (Pb) and two types of microplastic (MP) (polyvinyl chloride [PVC] and polyethylene [PE]) exposure on glucose metabolism and investigate the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in mediating these effects in mice. Adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, Pb (100 mg/L), MPs (containing 10 mg/L PE and PVC), and Pb + MPs, each of which was treated with drinking water. Treatments were conducted for 6 weeks. Co‐exposure to Pb + MPs exhibited increase glycosylated serum protein levels, insulin resistance, and damaged glucose tolerance compared with the control mice. Additionally, treatment with Pb + MPs caused more severe damage to hepatocytes than when exposed to them alone concomitantly, exposed to Pb + MPs exhibited improved the levels of interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and malondialdehyde, but reduced superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase assay in livers. Furthermore, they increase the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) and phosphorylated p‐NF‐κB protein levels but reduced the protein levels of heme oxygenase‐1 and Nrf2, as well as increased Keap1 mRNA and Nrf2 mRNA. Co‐exposure to Pb + MP impacts glucose metabolism via the Nrf2 /NF‐κB pathway.
Experimental Study on Self-Healing of Micro-Cracks in Concrete with Combination of Environmentally Friendly Bacteria
Authors: Anjali R. , Anandha Kumar S. , Gangolu Jaswanth , Abiraami R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicro-cracks in constructions are unavoidable due to freezing, thawing, and shrinkage in concrete, as well as when concrete is exposed to the seafloor, on offshore platforms, or in tunnels and sewage pipes. This exposure also has an impact on the durability and service life of concrete. Standard healing materials are not long-lasting and are difficult to mend fine cracks with. According to new research, bacterial concrete is an effective approach for repairing concrete and boosting its longevity. The problem has been reduced using calcite-producing microorganisms that do not pollute the environment and are sustainable to produce. In the presence of carbonate ions, bacteria release calcium precipitate, a process known as bio-calcification. This study includes four blends as (1) normal concrete, (2) Bacillus cereus with normal concrete, (3) Bacillus subtilis with normal concrete, and (4) combined cereus and subtilis with normal concrete. Blend 4 provided the lowest slump value of 70 mm, the highest splitting tensile strength of 2.83 MPa, and the highest flexural strength of 4.37 MPa. This combination was more sustainable and cost-effective because it used less water and cement. Blend 4’s self-healing ability was remarkable, as the microcracks were cured after 7 days. Similarly, Blend 3 had a higher compressive strength of 33 MPa.
Variance of entropy for testing time-varying regimes with an application to meme stocks
Authors: Shternshis Andrey , Mazzarisi Piero 
Published: January 2024

AbstractShannon entropy is the most common metric for assessing the degree of randomness of time series in many fields, ranging from physics and finance to medicine and biology. Real-world systems are typically non-stationary, leading to entropy values fluctuating over time. This paper proposes a hypothesis testing procedure to test the null hypothesis of constant Shannon entropy in time series data. The alternative hypothesis is a significant variation in entropy between successive periods. To this end, we derive an unbiased sample entropy variance, accurate up to the order $$O(n^{-4})$$

O
(

n

-
4

)

with n the sample size. To characterize the variance of the sample entropy, we first provide explicit formulas for the central moments of both binomial and multinomial distributions describing the distribution of the sample entropy. Second, we identify the optimal rolling window length to estimate time-varying Shannon entropy. We optimize this choice using a novel self-consistent criterion based on counting significant entropy variations over time. We corroborate our findings using the novel methodology to assess time-varying regimes of entropy for stock price dynamics by presenting a comparative analysis between meme and IT stocks in 2020 and 2021. We show that low entropy values correspond to periods when profitable trading strategies can be devised starting from the symbolic dynamics used for entropy computation, namely periods of market inefficiency.
Current Standards, Multidisciplinary Approaches, and Future Directions in the Management of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wheless Margaret , Agarwal Rajiv , Goff Laura , Lockney Natalie , Padmanabhan Chandrasekhar , Heumann Thatcher 
Published: January 2024

Opinion statementBiliary tract cancers are molecularly and anatomically diverse cancers which include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic (perihilar and distal) cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. While recognized as distinct entities, the rarer incidence of these cancers combined with diagnostic challenges in classifying anatomic origin has resulted in clinical trials and guideline recommended strategies being generalized patients with all types of biliary tract cancer. In this review, we delve into the unique aspects, subtype-specific clinical trial outcomes, and multidisciplinary management of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. When resectable, definitive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (sometimes with selective radiation/chemoradiation) is current standard of care. Due to high recurrence rates, there is growing interest in the use of upfront/neoadjuvant therapy to improve surgical outcomes and to downstage patients who may not initially be resectable. Select patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma are being successfully treated with novel approaches such as liver transplant. In the advanced disease setting, combination gemcitabine and cisplatin remains the standard base for systemic therapy and was recently improved upon with the addition of immune checkpoint blockade to the chemotherapy doublet in the recently reported TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 trials. Second-line all-comer treatments for these patients remain limited in both options and efficacy, so clinical trial participation should be strongly considered. With increased use of molecular testing, detection of actionable mutations and opportunities to receive indicated targeted therapies are on the rise and are the most significant driver of improved survival for patients with advanced stage disease. Though these targeted therapies are currently reserved for the second or later line, future trials are looking at moving these to earlier treatment settings and use in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition to cross-disciplinary management with surgical, medical, and radiation oncology, patient-centered care should also include collaboration with advanced endoscopists, palliative care specialists, and nutritionists to improve global patient outcomes.
The relationship between physical activity, self-efficacy and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Yuru , Wang Lijun , Su Guoqiang , Chen Bo , Ruan Zheng , Yang Jinqiu , Shen Qu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the current situation and factors influencing physical activity, self-efficacy, and quality of life in Chinese colorectal cancer survivors. Additionally, this study explored the associations between physical activity, self-efficacy, and quality of life.

Methods
A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 173 colorectal cancer survivors with a mean age of 59 years. Self-reported data on basic demographic characteristics, physical activity, self-efficacy, and quality of life were collected.

Results
Among 173 colorectal cancer survivors, 90 (52.0%) were engaged in manual work. The self-efficacy score was found to be 25.99 ± 7.10, while the global health status score was 54.96 ± 21.56. Global health status was associated with sex, residence, chemoradiotherapy, and monthly income (p < 0.01). The self-efficacy score exhibited a significant positive correlation with quality of life, while demonstrating a negative correlation with symptom scores (p < 0.01). Recreational PA scores were positively associated with global health status (P < 0.05). Self-efficacy, recreational physical activity during winter, and whether the participants underwent chemoradiotherapy explained 29.3% of the variance in quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors.

Conclusions
Colorectal cancer survivors exhibited low levels of physical activity, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Their health is influenced by self-efficacy, recreational physical activity, and chemoradiotherapy. When developing intervention plans for colorectal cancer survivorship, it is crucial to consider survivors' self-efficacy and the type of physical activity in which they engage.
Vitality, viability, long-term clonogenic survival, cytotoxicity, cytostasis and lethality: what do they mean when testing new investigational oncology drugs?
Authors: Forgie Benjamin N. , Prakash Rewati , Goyeneche Alicia A. , Telleria Carlos M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the field of experimental therapeutics for oncology purposes researchers are continuously evaluating the toxicity of novel treatment approaches against cancer cells. Within this topic of research, it is highly critical to define parameters of toxicity that denote when cancer cells are perturbed in their functionality by a new investigational drug. As the goal for these approaches is to achieve cellular demise, then what approaches to use and what do they mean in terms of assessing such cell death is of critical importance. In this comment article we highlight the definition of vitality and differentiate it from viability, and further define clonogenic survival in a chronic fashion. Additionally, we highly recommend the use of the term cytotoxicity as a general descriptor indicating toxicity towards a cell, but within that we encourage to sub-classify it as either cytostasis (i.e., when a treatment does not allow a cell to grow but it does not kill it either), or lethality (when a cell dies in response to the treatment). A more precise use of these terms should help advance the field of experimental therapeutics in oncology towards better defining the mechanisms of action of novel investigational drugs.
Does Childhood Trauma Predict Impulsive Spending in Later Life? An Analysis of the Mediating Roles of Impulsivity and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Richardson Thomas , Egglishaw Annelise , Sood Monica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe sought to investigate whether adverse childhood experiences increase impulsive spending in later life, and whether emotion dysregulation and impulsivity mediate this association. Limited research has examined associations between these factors, and examining the mechanisms involved may inform interventions for impulsive spending. This study used a cross-sectional, correlational design including 189 adult participants who completed an online survey assessing childhood trauma, adverse childhood experiences, impulsive spending, impulsivity, and emotion dysregulation. Greater adverse childhood experiences and childhood trauma were positively correlated with impulsive spending, as well as general impulsivity and emotion dysregulation. Mediation analyses indicated that emotion dysregulation and greater impulsivity accounted for the positive relationship between childhood trauma and impulse spending. Adverse childhood experiences and childhood trauma are associated with increased risk of impulse spending in adulthood via elevated general impulsivity and emotion dysregulation.
Identifying and Extracting Rare Diseases and Their Phenotypes with Large Language Models
Authors: Shyr Cathy , Hu Yan , Bastarache Lisa , Cheng Alex , Hamid Rizwan , Harris Paul , Xu Hua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Phenotyping is critical for informing rare disease diagnosis and treatment, but disease phenotypes are often embedded in unstructured text. While natural language processing (NLP) can automate extraction, a major bottleneck is developing annotated corpora. Recently, prompt learning with large language models (LLMs) has been shown to lead to generalizable results without any (zero-shot) or few annotated samples (few-shot), but none have explored this for rare diseases. Our work is the first to study prompt learning for identifying and extracting rare disease phenotypes in the zero- and few-shot settings.

Methods
We compared the performance of prompt learning with ChatGPT and fine-tuning with BioClinicalBERT. We engineered novel prompts for ChatGPT to identify and extract rare diseases and their phenotypes (e.g., diseases, symptoms, and signs), established a benchmark for evaluating its performance, and conducted an in-depth error analysis.

Results
Overall, fine-tuning BioClinicalBERT resulted in higher performance (F1 of 0.689) than ChatGPT (F1 of 0.472 and 0.610 in the zero- and few-shot settings, respectively). However, ChatGPT achieved higher accuracy for rare diseases and signs in the one-shot setting (F1 of 0.778 and 0.725). Conversational, sentence-based prompts generally achieved higher accuracy than structured lists.

Conclusion
Prompt learning using ChatGPT has the potential to match or outperform fine-tuning BioClinicalBERT at extracting rare diseases and signs with just one annotated sample. Given its accessibility, ChatGPT could be leveraged to extract these entities without relying on a large, annotated corpus. While LLMs can support rare disease phenotyping, researchers should critically evaluate model outputs to ensure phenotyping accuracy.
Planetary Health in der Allgemeinmedizin
Authors: Lenzer Benedikt , Muche-Borowski Cathleen , Bühn Stefanie , Schwienhorst-Stich Eva-Maria 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie so genannten planetaren Krisen Klimawandel, Biodiversitätsverlust und Verschmutzung führen zu schwerwiegenden gesundheitlichen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen, von denen vulnerable Gruppen besonders betroffen sind. Dies hat zur Weiterentwicklung von Public- und Global- zu Planetary Health geführt. Im Fokus stehen die Zusammenhänge zwischen Umwelt, Gesellschaft und der Gesundheit aller Lebewesen. Das breit aufgegriffene Konzept versteht sich transdisziplinär und auch als sozialgesellschaftliche Bewegung. Dieser Artikel zeigt die durch Umweltveränderungen hervorgerufenen Probleme und Handlungsfelder im Gesundheitssystem insbesondere für die Allgemeinmedizin auf und möchte zur Diskussion anregen. Die Integration von Planetary Health wird in der Allgemeinmedizin wichtiger, da hier umweltbedingte Gesundheitsfolgen unmittelbar spürbar sind und gleichzeitig in der Stärkung der Primärversorgung große Chancen für Adaptation und Mitigation liegen. Mehrere Ansätze von Planetary Health und Allgemeinmedizin decken sich in Bezug auf die Anpassung an Umweltfolgen, die Vorbereitung auf weitere Krisen sowie die Stärkung von Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Allerdings entstehen durch die allgemeinmedizinische Versorgung selbst hohe Umweltbelastungen. Eine auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichtete Praxisführung ist deshalb notwendig. Mit der Integration von Planetary Health in Leitlinien könnten zukünftig wichtige Aspekte in den allgemeinmedizinischen Alltag einziehen. Besonderen Stellenwert haben hier die klima- und umweltsensible Gesundheitsberatung und Prävention. Um den notwendigen Wandel in Medizin und Gesellschaft voranzubringen, sind Wissensvermittlung zu Planetary Health sowie weitere gesellschaftlich-politische Impulse aus der Medizin heraus notwendig.
Taxation and policyholder behavior: the case of guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits
Authors: Alonso-García Jennifer , Sherris Michael , Thirurajah Samuel , Ziveyi Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper considers variable annuity (VA) contracts embedded with guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit (GMAB) riders when policyholder’s proceeds are taxed upon early surrender or maturity. These contracts promise the return of the premium paid by the policyholder, or a higher rolled-up value, at the end of the investment period. A partial differential equation valuation framework which exploits the numerical method of lines is used to determine fair fees that render the policyholder and insurer breakeven. Two taxation regimes are considered: one where capital gains are allowed to offset losses and a second where gains do not offset losses. Most insurance providers highlight the tax-deferred features of VA contracts. We show that the regime under which the insured is taxed significantly impacts prices. If losses are allowed to offset gains then this enhances the market, increasing the policyholder’s willingness to participate in the market compared to the case when losses are not allowed to offset gains. With fair fees from the policyholder’s perspective, we show that the net profit is generally positive for insurance companies offering the contract as a naked option without any hedge. We also show how investment policy, as reflected in the Sharpe ratio, impacts and interacts with policyholder persistency.
Nowhere scattered multiplier algebras
Authors: Vilalta Eduard 
Published: January 2024

We study sufficient conditions under which a nowhere scattered

$\mathrm {C}^*$

-algebra

$A$

has a nowhere scattered multiplier algebra

$\mathcal {M}(A)$

, that is, we study when

$\mathcal {M}(A)$

has no nonzero, elementary ideal-quotients. In particular, we prove that a

$\sigma$

-unital

$\mathrm {C}^*$

-algebra

$A$

of

(i)
finite nuclear dimension, or

(ii)
real rank zero, or

(iii)
stable rank one with

$k$

-comparison,

is nowhere scattered if and only if

$\mathcal {M}(A)$

is.
Dispelling the Fantasy of Innocence: Complicity and the Cultivation of Transgression in Settler Colonial Contexts
Authors: Allard-Tremblay Yann 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article critically engages with the Canadian framing of settler colonial/decolonial politics in terms of guilt and innocence. I argue that centring innocence, even as something to be snatched away from settlers, as with the theorization of settler moves to innocence, can corrupt the practice of moral responsibility. Furthermore, I argue that the desire for and expectation of innocence, in the face of structural injustices such as settler colonialism, are illusionary and that complicity is widespread. In contrast, I follow Iris Marion Young's focus on political responsibility, but I argue that public collective actions need not be as centred as she suggests. Given the nature of settler colonialism and of coloniality, I argue for the acknowledgment of the political significance of daily individual acts and for the cultivation of dispositions that disrupt unjust structures, such as a disposition to transgress.
Weight change in people with depression and the risk of dementia: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyewon , Jung Jin Hyung , Han Kyungdo , Jeon Hong Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a risk factor for dementia and weight change can appear as a symptom of depression. However, the association between weight change after the diagnosis of depression and the risk of dementia is poorly established. This study aimed to investigate the association between weight change before and after a diagnosis of depression with the subsequent risk of dementia.MethodsThe National Health Insurance Sharing Service database was used. 1 308 730 patients aged ⩾40 years diagnosed with depression were identified to be eligible. Weight changes after their depression diagnosis were categorized and subsequent incidence of dementia was followed up.ResultsDuring an average follow-up period of 5.2 years (s.d., 2.0 years), 69 373 subjects were newly diagnosed with all-cause dementia (56 351 were Alzheimer's disease and 6877 were vascular dementia). Regarding all outcomes, compared to those with a minimal weight change (−5 to 5%), all groups with weight gain or loss showed increased risks of dementia after adjusting potential risk factors for dementia, in all analysis models with a dose–response relationship, showing a U-shaped association.ConclusionsWeight change as a symptom of depression could be a predictor for the future development of dementia.
‘Exeter Riddle 4’ and Two Other Bell Riddles
Authors: Mogford Neville 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTIn early medieval England, the ringing of bells served a wide range of functions. This article argues that a detailed understanding of bells and their everyday use can help to explain the intricate narratives and elaborate language of three Latin and Old English riddles. The first, the late antique ‘Riddle 80’ by Symphosius, describes a dinner bell and the idle chatter of a drunken party. The second, Tatwine of Canterbury’s ‘Riddle 7’, presents a funeral bell hanging in a tower as a deposed emperor who is hung and beaten. The third, the well-known ‘Exeter Riddle 4’, presents an everyday monastic bell as if it were an obedient monk, and it casts their relationship as interdependent and symbiotic. The bell solution has been heavily disputed. However, when the riddle is read alongside the rich context of monastic culture, and with careful attention to linguistic detail, this solution is confirmed.