bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafine and Microinvasive Temperature Probe for Real‐Time Monitoring Core Body Temperature
Authors: Jia Meng , Wen Jinxiu , Lan Peisheng , Liu Bo , Li Shichang , Zhou Tingliang , Li Zi , Luo Jianyi , Wu Rihui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnesthetics can affect temperature regulation when administered to an anesthetized individual, which can be tracked by measuring the core body temperature. This is useful in assessing the depth and consistency of the anesthesia, as well as its effect on temperature control. In this study, a temperature probe measurement system is created with a remarkable sensitivity of 685.3 Ω °C−1, a high resolution of 0.01 °C, and a fast response rate of 0.16 s °C−1. This ultrafine and biocompatible probe is composed of a single carbon fiber with a diameter of 5.4 µm, encased in a 0.7 mm needle. The system is reliable and provides faster temperature measurements than existing technologies. By inserting the probe beneath the scapula to measure core body temperature in real‐time, a linear correlation can be seen between the duration of anesthesia, the minimum core body temperature, and the respiratory rate when different doses of tribromoethanol anesthetic are administered. This can improve the effectiveness and safety of clinical practice, accelerate the progress and utilization of anesthetic drugs, and give a better comprehension of the physiological mechanisms of anesthesia.
Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Advanced Sn‐ and Zr‐Zeolites Materials
Authors: Liu Xue , Zhu Zhiguo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of isolated Sn (IV) and Zr (IV) ions into silica frameworks is attracting widespread attention, which exhibits remarkable catalytic performance (conversion, selectivity, and stability) in a broad range of reactions, especially in the field of biomass catalytic conversion. As a representative example, the conversion route of carbohydrates into valuable platform and commodity chemicals such as lactic acid and alkyl lactates, has already been established. The zeotype materials also possess water‐tolerant ability and are capable to be served as promising heterogeneous catalysts for aqueous reactions. Therefore, dozens of Sn‐ and Zr‐containing silica materials with various channel systems have been prepared successfully in the past decades, containing 8 membered rings (MR) small pore CHA zeolite, 10‐MR medium pore zeolites (FER, MCM‐56, MEL, MFI, MWW), 12‐MR large pore zeolites (Beta, BEC, FAU, MOR, MSE, MTW), and 14‐MR extra‐large pore UTL zeolite. This review about Sn‐ and Zr‐containing metallosilicate materials focuses on their synthesis strategy, catalytic applications for diverse reactions, and the effect of zeolite characteristics on their catalytic performances.
Unveiling Pseudo‐Inert Basal Plane for Electrocatalysis in 2D Semiconductors: Critical Role of Reversal‐Activation Mechanism
Authors: Zang Yanmei , Wu Qian , Wang Shuhua , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Heine Thomas , Ma Yandong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPartially occupied orbitals play a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of electrocatalyst by facilitating electron acceptance and donation, thus enabling the activation of molecular bonds. According to this principle, the basal plane of most 2D semiconductors is inert for electrocatalysis because of the fully occupied orbitals at the surface. Here, taking monolayer CrX (X = P, As, Sb) and Cr2PY (Y = As, Sb) as examples and through first‐principles calculations, it is revealed that even with fully occupied surface orbitals, the basal planes exhibit remarkable catalytic activity for the nitrogen oxide reduction reaction (NORR). This leads to the concept of the pseudo‐inert electrocatalyst. The underlying physics behind such pseudo‐inert character can be attributed to the reversal‐activation mechanism: contrary to conventional expectations, the adsorbed NO molecule reversely triggers the activity of the inert basal plane first, and then the basal plane activates NO molecules, forming the intriguing “Reversal Activation‐Transfer‐Donation‐Backdonation” process. This study further predicts that such pseudo‐inert character can demonstrate many distinctive properties, for example, it can introduce a novel type of surface catalysis, one that selectively targets radicals possessing an inherent dipole moment such as NO. The explored phenomena and insights greatly enrich the realms of electrocatalysis and 2D materials.
Exploring the utility of bedside tests for predicting cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults
Authors: Carrick Laura , Doleman Brett , Wall Joshua , Gates Amanda , Lund Jon N. , Williams John P. , Phillips Bethan E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) declines with advancing and has also, independent of age, been shown to be predictive of all‐cause mortality, morbidity, and poor clinical outcomes. In relation to the older patient, there is a particular wealth of evidence highlighting the relationship between low CRF and poor surgical outcomes. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is accepted as the gold‐standard measure of CRF. However, this form of assessment has significant personnel and equipment demands and is not feasible for those with certain age‐associated physical limitations, including joint and cardiovascular comorbidities. As such, alternative ways to assess the CRF of older patients are very much needed.MethodsSixty‐four participants (45% female) with a median age of 74 (65–90) years were recruited to this study via community‐based advertisements. All participants completed three tests of physical function: (1) a step‐box test; (2) handgrip strength dynamometry; and (3) a CPET on a cycle ergometer; and also had their muscle architecture (vastus lateralis) assessed by B‐mode ultrasonography to provide measures of muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length. Multivariate linear regression was then used to ascertain bedside predictors of CPET parameters from the alternative measures of physical function and demographic (age, gender, body mass index (BMI)) data.ResultsThere was no significant association between ultrasound‐assessed parameters of muscle architecture and measures of CRF. VO2peak was predicted to some extent from fast step time during the step‐box test, gender, and BMI, leading to a model that achieved an R2 of 0.40 (p < 0.001). Further, in aiming to develop a model with minimal assessment demands (i.e., using handgrip dynamometry rather than the step‐box test), replacing fast step time with non‐dominant HGS led to a model which achieved an R2 of 0.36 (p < 0.001). Non‐dominant handgrip strength combined with the step‐box test parameter of fast step time and BMI delivered the most predictive model for VO2peak with an R2 of 0.45 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings show that simple‐to‐ascertain patient characteristics and bedside assessments of physical function are able to predict CPET‐derived CRF. Combined with gender and BMI, both handgrip strength and fast step time during a step‐box test were predictive for VO2peak. Future work should apply this model to a clinical population to determine its utility in this setting and to explore if simple bedside tests are predictive of important clinical outcomes in older adults (i.e., post‐surgical complications).
Identification of patients at high risk for recurrence in carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: Analysis in 460 patients
Authors: Narita Masato , Hatano Etsuro , Kitamura Koji , Fukumitsu Ken , Kitagawa Hirohisa , Hamaguchi Yuhei , Yazawa Takefumi , Terajima Hiroaki , Kitaguchi Kazuhiko , Hata Toshihiko ,   the Kyoto University Hepato‐Biliary Pancreatic surgery Study Group (KUHBPS)
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimCarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (CAV) shows a favorable prognosis compared to that with the other periampullary tumors, while some cases have a poor prognosis. The aims of the present study are to clarify the clinicopathological factors associated with poor recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients with CAV after curative resection and to validate the usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC).PatientsThe study design is a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Patients with CAV who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 2008 and December 2020 at 26 hospitals were analyzed. The 30 clinicopathological factors were evaluated. A propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare between patients with and without AC.ResultsFinally, 460 patients were analyzed. Median duration of follow‐up was 47.2 months. Twenty‐one prognostic factors associated with poor RFS were identified by univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, aged ≥71, tumor diameter ≥12 mm, pT2 or higher stage (pT≥2), portal vein invasion (PV+), venous invasion(V+), and node positive disease (pN+) were independent prognostic factors for poor RFS. Out of 80 patients who received AC, 63 patients were assigned to analysis for PSM. The results showed no beneficial effect of AC on RFS. The preoperative factors potentially predicting pT≥2, V+, and/or N+ were at least one of following; (1) CA19‐9 > 37 IU/mL, (2) ulcerative or mixed type appearance, (3) except for well‐differentiated tumor, or (4) except for intestinal subtype of histology.ConclusionsAged ≥71, tumor diameter ≥12 mm, pT≥2, PV+, V+, and pN+ were independent prognostic factors for poor RFS in patients with CAV. An additional therapeutic strategy may be desirable in CAV patients at high risk for recurrence.
Toward Bionic Arthroscopy: A Comprehensive Perspective of Continuum Robotics Principles and Prototypes for the Inception of Arthroscopic Surgery Robots
Authors: Huang Hao , Shi Zhenyun , Gao Xiangsheng , Zhou Jian , Yu Tengbo , Liu Chaozong , Liu Ziyu , Zhang Yingze 
Published: December 2023

In this study, an innovative exploration of leveraging bionics and continuum robotics principles to develop a novel solution for arthroscopic surgery is embarked on. Inspired by the flexibility and adaptability of organisms like snakes and octopuses, the continuum robot concept aims to address the inherent challenges in traditional arthroscopy, including lower precision, manual tremors, and long surgeon learning curves. The implementation of these principles in the human body, however, faces significant obstacles, particularly achieving high‐performance motion control amid strong nonlinearity and coupling between modules. This research focuses on intelligent integration and enhanced safety in human‐machine interaction, aiming for improved control precision and flexibility in arthroscopic procedures. A thorough literature review of endoscopic continuum robots is conducted, highlighting current advancements in actuation, structure, sensing, and control technologies. The study concludes with an assessment of these technologies, their limitations, and future potential, in light of the unique demands of arthroscopic continuum robots. This comprehensive review bridges bionics and robotics, presenting the opportunities and challenges in applying continuum robotics to arthroscopic surgery. The goal is to encourage further research in this area, contributing to the development of prototype robots that enhance the precision and safety of arthroscopic surgery.
Inequalities in adiposity trends between 1979 and 1999 in Guatemalan children
Authors: Johnson William , Mansukoski Liina , Galvez‐Sobral J. Andres , Furlán Luis , Bogin Barry 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundGuatemala suffered from civil war and high levels of inequality and childhood stunting in the second half of the 20th century, but little is known about inequalities in secular trends in adiposity.ObjectivesTo investigate differences in childhood body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness trajectories from 1979 to 1999 between three groups of children: High socioeconomic position (SEP) Ladino, Low SEP Ladino, and Low SEP Indigenous Maya.MethodsThe sample comprised 19 346 children aged 7–17 years with 54 638 observations. The outcomes were height, BMI, triceps skinfold thickness (TST), and subscapular skinfold thickness (SST) Z‐scores according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) references. Sex‐specific multilevel models were used to estimate and compare mean trajectories from 1979 to 1999 between the three groups.ResultsMean Z‐scores were always highest for High SEP Ladino children and lowest for Low SEP Maya children. Despite their very short stature, the Low SEP groups had SST trajectories that were above the 50th centile. The BMI trajectories were relatively flat and within one major centile band of the CDC median, with differences between the three groups that were small (0.2–0.3 Z‐scores) and did not attenuate over time. Conversely, the TST Z‐score trajectories demonstrated larger positive secular trends (e.g., from −1.25 in 1979 to −0.06 in 1999 for Low SEP Maya boys), with differences between the three groups that were large (0.5–1.2 Z‐scores) and did attenuate over time (in boys). Secular trends and between‐group difference in the SST Z‐score trajectories were less pronounced, but again we found stronger evidence in boys that the estimated inequalities attenuated over time.ConclusionsSecular trends and inequalities in skinfolds differ from those for BMI in Guatemalan children. Differences between groups in skinfolds attenuated over time, at least in boys, but whether this is good news is questionable given the very short stature yet relatively large subscapular skinfolds of the Low SEP groups.
Tau seeds from Alzheimer's disease brains trigger tau spread in macaques while oligomeric‐Aβ mediates pathology maturation
Authors: Darricau Morgane , Dou Changsong , Kinet Remi , Zhu Tao , Zhou Li , Li Xianglei , Bedel Aurélie , Claverol Stéphane , Tokarski Caroline , Katsinelos Taxiarchis , McEwan William A. , Zhang Ling , Gao Ran , Bourdenx Mathieu , Dehay Benjamin , Qin Chuan , Bezard Erwan , Planche Vincent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe “prion‐like” features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tauopathy and its relationship with amyloid‐β (Aβ) have never been experimentally studied in primates phylogenetically close to humans.METHODSWe injected 17 macaques in the entorhinal cortex with nanograms of seeding‐competent tau aggregates purified from AD brains or control extracts from aged‐matched healthy brains, with or without intracerebroventricular co‐injections of oligomeric‐Aβ.RESULTSPathological tau injection increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p‐tau181 concentration after 18 months. Tau pathology spreads from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal trisynaptic loop and the cingulate cortex, resuming the experimental progression of Braak stage I to IV. Many AD‐related molecular networks were impacted by tau seeds injections regardless of Aβ injections in proteomic analyses. However, we found mature neurofibrillary tangles, increased CSF total‐tau concentration, and pre‐ and postsynaptic degeneration only in Aβ co‐injected macaques.DISCUSSIONOligomeric‐Aβ mediates the maturation of tau pathology and its neuronal toxicity in macaques but not its initial spreading.Highlights
This study supports the “prion‐like” properties of misfolded tau extracted from AD brains.
This study empirically validates the Braak staging in an anthropomorphic brain.
This study highlights the role of oligomeric Aβ in driving the maturation and toxicity of tau pathology.
This work establishes a novel animal model of early sporadic AD that is closer to the human pathology.
Effect of prehospital advanced airway management on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest due to asphyxia: A JAAM‐OHCA registry‐based observational study in Japan
Authors: Bunya Naofumi , Hirofumi Ohnishi , Igarashi Yutaka , Norii Tatsuya , Katayama Yoichi , Kasai Takehiko , Sawamoto Keigo , Narimatsu Eichi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between prehospital advanced airway management (AAM) and neurological outcomes in patients with asphyxia‐related out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine OHCA registry between June 2014 and December 2017. Patients with asphyxia‐related cardiac arrest aged ≥18 years were included. The primary outcome was a 1‐month favorable neurological outcome (cerebral performance category [CPC] 1–2).ResultsOf the 34,754 patients in the 2014–2017 JAAM‐OHCA Registry, 1956 were included in our analysis. Cerebral performance category 1–2 was observed in 31 patients (1.6%), while CPC 3–5 was observed in 1925 patients (98.4%). Although prehospital AAM was associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 0.269; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.114–0.633; p = 0.003) in the univariate analysis, the association was not significant in the multivariate analysis. Compared with the AAM group, the non‐AAM group showed increased rates of cardiac arrest after emergency medical service contact (4.3 vs. 7.2%, p = 0.009) and Glasgow Coma Scale ≥4 at hospital admission (1.9% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.004). Among the 903 patients for whom the time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) could be calculated, the time from witnessed cardiac arrest to ROSC was significantly shorter (median, 8.5 vs. 37.0 min; p < 0.001) for those with favorable neurological outcomes than for those without.ConclusionPrehospital AAM is not associated with improved neurological outcomes among those with asphyxia‐related OHCA. However, the time from cardiac arrest to the first ROSC was significantly shorter among those with favorable outcomes.
Does a Presurgical Antisepsis Protocol Decrease Surgical Site Infections in Young Children?
Authors: Lapp Valerie , Ben Khallouq Bertha , Bentley Dana , Kirkland Allie , Dykstra‐Nykanen Jill , Ayotte Keith 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTNational standards for surgical site infection (SSI) prevention for children remain elusive. Our institution developed a presurgical antisepsis protocol that included the three components of chlorhexidine gluconate bathing wipes, chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse, and povidone‐iodine nasal swab. This retrospective cohort study examined data from electronic health records to compare SSI rates before and after protocol implementation. We included children aged 2 through 11 years undergoing any surgical procedure with the use of an incision in the OR (N = 1,356). We did not find any difference in the occurrence of SSI before and after the protocol was implemented. Logistic regression showed that an infection present at the time of surgery was the only significant predictor of an SSI. The implementation of a presurgical antisepsis protocol was not associated with SSI rate reduction in this pediatric cohort.
Acrylonitrile‐styrene‐acrylate particles with different acrylonitrile contents for improving the toughness of poly(vinyl chloride) resin
Authors: Tang Qianyi , Liu Mengen , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPoly(butyl acrylate) grafted styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer (PBA‐g‐SAN, ASA) with core–shell structures were prepared by emulsion polymerization technology to improve the toughness of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The mechanical properties of the PVC/ASA blends were investigated. The notch impact strength of the PVC/ASA blend could reach 1200 J/m when the 13 phr ASA was added to the PVC. This was several times more than pure PVC resin. Scanning electron microscopy analysis results indicated that the improvement in impact strength of the PVC/ASA blend was attributed to shear yielding induced by ASA particles. Additionally, subtle changes in the ratio of monomers in the shell layer led to significant fluctuations in the mechanical properties of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the intermolecular interaction forces between ASA particles and PVC resins played a key role in improving the toughness of PVC/ASA blend.
Preparation of aminated poly (L‐lactic acid) film coated with multilayers of mussel‐inspired heparin‐like carboxymethylcellulose sodium and chitosan for anticoagulant materials
Authors: Wang Kun , Li Wei , Yu Ying , Li Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, dopamine hydrochloride was grafted onto the sulfated carboxymethylcellulose sodium with different sulfated degree (DA‐g‐SCMCS) as heparin‐like polysaccharides. By studying the preliminary structure and coagulation time of DA‐g‐SCMCS, the DA‐g‐SCMC2 possessing good anticoagulant properties were selected to be assembled layer by layer on the surface of aminated poly (L‐lactic acid) (APLLA) film with chitosan (CS). The characterization properties including morphologies and wettability of DA‐g‐SCMC2/CS multilayers modified APLLA films were studied by scanning electron microscope and water contact angle instrument. Anticoagulation tests revealed that the (DA‐g‐SCMC2/CS)15 multilayers modified APLLA film experienced a decrease of 37.5% and 73.68% in the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen (FBG), respectively. And the platelet adhesion ability was reduced by 92.42% compared with the APLLA film. The degree of platelet activation (PF4 and TAT) and hemolysis rates of modified APLLA films also decreased significantly. Besides, the modified APLLA films promoted the growth of L929 cells and exhibited remarkable anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial abilities. To summarize, the APLLA films modified with heparin‐like multifunctional DA‐g‐SCMC2/CS multilayers exhibit outstanding biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, anti‐inflammatory, and antibacterial characteristics, showcasing their potential as anticoagulation materials.
Flame retardant biogenic building insulation materials from hemp fiber
Authors: Jadhav Porus Sunil , Sarkar Arpita , Zhu Long , Ren Shenqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBiogenic thermal insulation materials are in high demand because of its carbon‐sequestration nature. However, high flammability, moisture condensation, and relatively high thermal conductivity of biogenic material are major concerns for sustainable building applications. In this study, we report the fire‐retardant cellulose xerogel insulation nanocomposites derived from hemp fiber recycling and silica xerogel, in which the boric acid treatment improves its fire retardancy. The as‐prepared materials show a low thermal conductivity of 31.3 mW/m K, high flexural modulus of 665 MPa, hydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 115°, and fire retardancy with 30% weight loss over a period of burning time 10 min. Overall, this work provides an effective method for the synthesis of fire‐retardant biogenic thermal insulation materials and shows a promising way for next‐generation bio‐based insulation materials.
Synthesis and Reactivity of an Aluminium N‐heterocyclic Aminal
Authors: Wilde Taylor , Murphy Fáinché , Smylie Cooper R. T. , Kennedy Alan R. , Weetman Catherine E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTethered N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are an emerging class of ligand, as they feature all the desirable aspects of NHCs (ease of synthesis, high tunabilty) but also enable metal‐ligand cooperativity when combined with Lewis acidic metal centres due to the donor‐acceptor nature of the complexes formed. Herein we report a simple ethoxy‐tethered NHC for the stabilisation of Al(III) hydrides, resulting in the unexpected formation of a bicyclic N‐heterocyclic aminal (1). Compound 1 behaves as a metal hydride, capable of reducing benzophenone and carbodiimide to yield compounds 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, we show that 1 behaves as an efficient catalyst in the dehydrocoupling of amine‐boranes due to the hemi‐labile nature of the supporting ligand.