bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singularly perturbative behaviour of nonlinear advection–diffusion-reaction processes
Authors: Cosgun Tahir , Sari Murat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to use a wavelet technique to generate accurate responses for models characterized by the singularly perturbed generalized Burgers-Huxley equation (SPGBHE) while taking multi-resolution features into account. The SPGBHE’s behaviours have been captured correctly depending on the dominance of advection and diffusion processes. It should be noted that the required response was attained through integration and by marching on time. The wavelet method is seen to be very capable of solving a singularly perturbed nonlinear process without linearization by utilizing multi-resolution features. Haar wavelet method results are compared with corresponding results in the literature and are found in agreement in determining the numerical behaviour of singularly perturbed advection–diffusion processes. The most outstanding aspects of this research are to utilize the multi-resolution properties of wavelets by applying them to a singularly perturbed nonlinear partial differential equation and that no linearization is needed for this purpose.
Modeling and Control of Drinking Water Supply Infrastructures Through Multi-Agent Systems for Sustainability
Authors: Asensi Carlos Calatayud , Martínez José Vicente Berná , Muñoz Lucía Arnau , Pérez Francisco Maciá 
Published: January 2024

Traditionally, drinking water supply infrastructures have been designed to store as much water as possible and to do so during the energy cheap hours. This approach is unsustainable today. The use of digital systems capable of modeling the behavior of infrastructures and the creation of intelligent control systems can help to make drinking water supply systems more efficient and effective, while still meeting minimum service requirements. This work proposes the development of a control system, based on multi-agent systems (MAS), capable of generating an intelligent control over a drinking water infrastructure, based on the use of local interests of the agents and with an emergent behavior coherent with the needs. To validate the proposal, a simulator based on the infrastructures of a medium-sized Spanish city of 5000 inhabitants has been built and the control has been simulated using the MAS. The results show how the system can maintain the objectives set, handling unknown situations, and facilitating the development of future physical systems based on a just-in-time paradigm that guarantees sustainability, as it allows the generation of virtualizations of the infrastructures and their behavior, thus being able to study the best option for an infrastructure to resolve a supply situation.
The Necessity of Machine Learning Theory in Mitigating AI Risk
Authors: Belkin Mikhail 
Published: January 2024

Highlights

SUMMARY

In the last years we have witnessed rapidly accelerating progress in Neural Network-based Artificial Intelligence. Yet our fundamental understanding of these methods has lagged far behind. Never before had a technology been developed so quickly and deployed so widely with so little understanding of its basic principles. In this document we argue that deep learning systems with their human-like complexity cannot be controlled and guided in socially acceptable ways or countered in adversarial situations, without an underlying theory. Theory in this context refers to identifying precise measurable quantities and mathematically describing their patterns, the way it is done in physics and engineering, rather than necessarily proving rigorous theorems.
Given the societal impact of rapidly proliferating AI, developing such a theory and applying its analyses to real systems is a compelling and urgent need.
Comparison of Mothership Versus Drip‐and‐Ship Models for Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion in the London Metropolitan Area
Authors: D'Anna Lucio , Falzon Andrew , Wong Oi Yean , Erla Jonsdottir , Christos Nikola , Spooner Oliver , Banerjee Soma , Zhang Liqun , Simister Rob 
Published: January 2024

Background
To date it is uncertain whether the drip‐and‐ship (DS) model (transport to the nearest primary stroke centers) or the mothership (MS) model (direct transportation to the comprehensive stroke center) is the best prehospital stroke system of care to deliver endovascular thrombectomy in patients with basilar artery occlusion. In the present analysis, we aim to investigate the impact of MS versus DS model in patients with basilar artery occlusion treated with endovascular thrombectomy in the London metropolitan area.

Methods
This is a multicenter observational, investigator‐initiated, retrospective study comparing outcomes (functional independence, defined as modified Rankin scale scores of 0 through 2, the rate of successful reperfusion, and the rate of complications postprocedure) in DS versus MS stroke patients with basilar artery occlusion admitted in 5 thrombectomy capable centers in London (United Kingdom).

Results

Of 113 patients, 38 (33.6%) patients were MS and 75 (66.4%) were DS. Between the 2 groups we did not observe statistically significant differences for most of the clinical characteristics. There was a significant difference regarding the rate of functional independence at 3 months between the MS and DS groups, respectively 47.4% versus 36% (
P
= 0.047). Rates of complications postprocedure and successful recanalization did not differ between the 2 groups. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that MS model was an independent predictor of functional independence at 90 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.17; [95% CI, 1.11–1.26];
P
= 0.003 and independent negative predictor of postoperative complications (OR, 0.39; [95% CI, 0.16–0.98];
P
= 0.045).

Conclusion
Our study showed that MS model was a predictor of functional independence at 3 months and reduced risk of postoperative complications post‐endovascular thrombectomy in patients with basilar artery occlusion in a metropolitan area.
MARVEL: A Randomized Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy: Study Rationale and Design
Authors: Yang Qingwu , Guo Changwei , Yue Chengsong , Yang Jie , Li Linyu , Peng Zhouzhou , Hu Jinrong , Huang Jiandi , Song Jiaxing , Huang Jiacheng , Kong Weilin , Yu Nizhen , Yang Dahong , Liu Xiang , Wang Duolao , Nogueira Raul G. , Li Fengli , Nguyen Thanh N. , Zi Wenjie 
Published: January 2024

Background
Steroids have pleiotropic neuroprotective actions including the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis which may influence the effects of ischemia on neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. The effect of low‐dose methylprednisolone in patients with acute ischemic stroke in the endovascular therapy era remains unknown. This trial investigates the efficacy and safety of low‐dose methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg IV for 3 days) as adjunctive therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular therapy within 24 hours from symptom onset.

Methods
The MARVEL (Methylprednisolone as Adjunctive Therapy for Acute Large Vessel Occlusion: A Randomized Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy) trial is an investigator‐initiated, prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicenter clinical trial. Up to 1672 eligible patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion stroke presenting within 24 hours from symptom onset are planned to be consecutively randomized to receive methylprednisolone or placebo in a 1:1 ratio across 82 stroke centers in China.

Results
The primary outcome is the ordinal shift in the modified Rankin scale score at 90 days. Secondary outcomes include 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin scale score, 0–2). The primary safety end points include mortality rate at 90 days and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 hours of endovascular therapy.

Conclusion
The MARVEL trial will provide evidence of the efficacy and safety of low‐dose methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion stroke undergoing endovascular therapy.
Surgical Exploration and Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Web With Retained Thrombus
Authors: Daza‐Ovalle Juan Felipe , Esenwa Charles , Carnevale Matthew , Hu James , Zampolin Richard L. , Lipsitz Evan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Symptomatic carotid web with retained thrombus represents a potential source of embolic strokes. However, the absence of diagnostic guidelines contributes to heterogeneity in management recommendations.

Methods
We present a patient with a right middle cerebral artery stroke attributable to carotid web with retained thrombus. Confirmation was obtained through surgical exploration, given the inconclusive imaging but strong index of suspicion.

Results
The presence of carotid web with retained thrombus was confirmed through surgical exploration. Cervical endarterectomy was performed and a carotid web with an associated thrombus was successfully resected.

Conclusion
We highlight the importance of having a high index of suspicion and prompt treatment to mitigate the risk of recurrent strokes when suspecting carotid web with retained thrombus.
What are the Changes in 2023 for Access to Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) in France?
Authors: Bartos Blanka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
ATMPs are the most expensive innovative treatments, thus they require special regulation. Past regulatory measures in France, such as limiting the growth of drug expenditures, the creation of a fund to finance pharmaceutical innovation, the use of performance-based contracts and greater emphasis on medico-economic evaluations in pricing have been contributing to having both universal access to innovative therapies and fair remuneration for innovation. The importance of transparency, public participation in healthcare evaluation, and the challenges of setting drug prices based on their value are not negligible either. Although further negotiations are still necessary to ensure equitable access to medicines and control rising healthcare costs, France has made pioneering steps recently which would be worthy to follow for other states. The Social Security Financing Act for 2023 introduces measures to control face prices, offers a new funding model, and encourages manufacturers to submit reimbursement claims for the full scope of marketing authorizations.
In the Book of Philemon: Brimme, a Rhetorical Ancient Formula Toward Contemporary Social Reflexivity
Authors: Melbourne Bertram 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article begins with social reflexivity and an explanation on an ancient formula that I describe as “Brimme,” an acronym for “build rapport, inform the mind, and move emotions.” Afterwards, the article deals with seminal subject matters in the Book of Philemon. Central are the literary and actualized themes toward the practice of healing, restoration, and community.
Muhammad Abdullah, Lahore-Ahmadi Americans and the Black Muslims of America
Authors: Abdat Fathie Bin Ali 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Imam Muhammad Abdullah (1905–1992) has played a pivotal role shaping the Islamic experience in Fiji and America, two vastly different countries that spanned over six decades. Yet even today, his real historic identity is still shrouded in murky obscurity while his legacy lay mired by layers of confusing myths. This makes him at once fascinating and frustrating. Because Abdullah remains a figure of devotion and a contested site of memory across Islamic movements, it heightens the necessity amongst scholars to disentangle the mythical Abdullah from the historical Abdullah. This essay investigates Abdullah and the Lahore-Ahmadi’s complex entanglements with Wallace Muhammad’s black Muslim community. Their paths were curiously erratic and messy; at times intersecting on a personal, co-conspiratorial level in early 1960s Philadelphia and at other periods they chartered their own separate ways in the mid 1960s after the murderous bloodbaths of Nation of Islam’s religious feuds. From 1970, the pair rekindled their collaboration as their respective organizations became symbiotically intertwined with mixed ramifications.
Asherah Revisited as the Deuteronomist’s asherah: Was Asherah a Black Goddess?
Authors: Ahn John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article reviews scholarship on Asherah/asherah in light of Ze’ev Meshel’s discovery, including the long held discourses and thoughts on Kuntillet ‘Ajrud and Kibert el-Kom. Grammar takes precedence. A question that seems to have been left out in the current discourse, was Asherah a black goddess?
Diagnostic Workup and Therapeutic Intervention of Hiatal Hernias Discovered as Incidental Findings on Computed Tomography
Authors: Lou Johanna , Kooragayala Keshav , Williams Jennifer , Kalola Ami , Crudeli Connor , Sandilos Georgianna , Butchy Margaret V. , Shersher David D. , Burg Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2024

Background Computed tomography imaging routinely detects incidental findings; most research focuses on malignant findings. However, benign diseases such as hiatal hernia also require identification and follow-up. Natural language algorithms can help identify these non-malignant findings. Methods Imaging of adult trauma patients from 2010 to 2020 who underwent CT chest/abdomen/pelvis was evaluated using an open-source natural language processor to query for hiatal hernias. Patients who underwent subsequent imaging, endoscopy, fluoroscopy, or operation were retrospectively reviewed. Results 1087(10.6%) of 10 299 patients had incidental hiatal hernias: 812 small (74.7%) and 275 moderate/large (25.3%). 224 (20.7%) had subsequent imaging or endoscopic evaluation. Compared to those with small hernias, patients with moderate/large hernias were older (66.3 ± 19.4 vs 79.6 ± 12.6 years, P < .001) and predominantly female (403[49.6%] vs 199[72.4%], P < .001). Moderate/large hernias were not more likely to grow (small vs moderate/large: 13[7.6%] vs 8[15.1%], P = .102). Patients with moderate/large hernias were more likely to have an intervention or referral (small vs moderate/large: 6[3.5%] vs 7[13.2%], P = .008). No patients underwent elective or emergent hernia repair. Three patients had surgical referral; however, only one was seen by a surgeon. One patient death was associated with a large hiatal hernia. Conclusions We demonstrate a novel utilization of natural language processing to identify patients with incidental hiatal hernia in a large population, and found a 10.6% incidence with only 1.2%. (13/1087) of these receiving a referral for follow-up. While most incidental hiatal hernias are small, moderate/large and symptomatic hernias have high risk of loss-to-follow-up and need referral pipelines to improve patient outcomes.
Flourishing, religion, and burnout among caregivers working in pediatric palliative care
Authors: Oberholzer Annemarie E. , Doolittle Benjamin R. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Providers working with children who are dying are especially prone to burnout. The enhancement of human flourishing in providers may mitigate burnout and improve quality of care. However, the relationship between job satisfaction and human flourishing has not been well studied. This project explores factors that promote human flourishing among caregivers working with children in pediatric palliative care in South Africa. Methods A convenience sample of caregivers working in pediatric palliative care were invited to complete an anonymous, confidential survey . The survey also included open-ended questions to explore opinions and attitudes about job satisfaction, struggles, and coping. Results Twenty-nine people from a variety of occupations and work environments completed the survey. The prevalence of burnout was 3/29 (10%). Life satisfaction (an indicator of flourishing) was associated with private religious activities ( r = .38, P < .05), and carrying religion into all aspects of life ( r = .44, P < .05). Burnout was not associated with life satisfaction, although power was limited. Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions revealed the following themes as factors contributing to satisfaction at work (flourishing): being able to make a difference, finding meaning and purpose, having a relationship with the children and their families, and working within the context of a multi-disciplinary team. A number of challenges to this work were also identified, including lack of resources, problems within the team, and the emotional demands of care. Conclusions Despite job stress and the difficult work of caring for terminally ill children, several factors were associated with flourishing. These findings may help to enhance the flourishing of caregivers in the resource-challenged setting of pediatric palliative care in South Africa.
Acute Sport-Related Concussion Management and Return to Sport Time in High School Athletes
Authors: Bretzin Abigail C. , Zynda Aaron J. , Pollard-McGrandy Alyssa M. , Wiebe Douglas J. , Covassin Tracey 
Published: January 2024

Background: The current evidence for acute management practices of sport-related concussion (SRC) is often limited to in-clinic visits, with limited studies identifying professionals in early SRC care and the association with prolonged recovery outcomes. Purpose: To describe acute SRC management practices (ie, the personnel in the initial evaluations, removal from activity) and test the association with prolonged return to sport (RTS) time. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 17,081 high school SRCs accrued between the 2015-2016 and 2020-2021 academic years. We reported acute management practices and RTS time as frequencies stratified by sex, sport, and event type and compared athletic trainer (AT) access in initial evaluation with chi-square tests ( P < .05). Separate logistic regressions estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for removal from activity and prolonged RTS >21 days by acute management practices. Results: Most SRCs (n = 12,311 [72.1%]) had complete initial evaluation by an AT. Boys had an AT evaluation in 75.5% (n = 2860/3787) of practice-related and 74.8% (n = 5551/7423) of competition-related events. Girls had an AT evaluation in 61.3% (n = 1294/2110) of practice-related and 69.3% (n = 2606/3761) of competition-related events. In sex-comparable sports (n = 6501), there was no difference between boys (n = 1654/2455 [67.4%]) and girls (n = 2779/4046 [68.7%]) having an AT involved in the first evaluation (χ2 = 1.21; P = .27). Notably, 25.3% of girls’ SRCs were evaluated by a coach alone, and we observed differences in personnel in initial evaluations by sport. The odds of immediate removal were higher when an AT made the initial evaluation (OR, 2.8 [95% CI, 2.54-3.08]). The odds of prolonged RTS >21 days was lower for those with an AT in the initial evaluation (OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.65-0.84]) adjusting for significant factors from univariate analyses, boys relative to girls (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76-0.96]), specialty care relative to PCP (OR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.90-2.46]), specialty care relative to urgent or ready care (OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.82-1.22]) concussion history (OR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.22-1.63]), and removal from activity (OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.78-1.05]). Conclusion: This study found variability in personnel involved in initial SRC evaluations, with higher percentages of athletes with SRCs having ATs make the initial evaluation during competitive events. There was no association between sex and AT involvement in comparable sports. There was an association between prolonged RTS and AT involvement, sex, concussion history, and location of follow-up care.
A Survey of State Correctional Health Care Providers on Advance Care Planning: Opportunity for Collaboration With Corrections
Authors: O’Conner-Von Susan , Shlafer Rebecca , Galchutt Paul , Kettering Sara , Bouterse Ali , Freese Rebecca , Berry Patricia 
Published: January 2024

Prison populations are rapidly aging. Persons in prison age quicker and suffer more chronic illness and disability than their nonincarcerated peers, posing challenges to caring for prisoners who are chronically ill and dying. The goal of our study was to describe state prisons’ practices and policies addressing persons in prison with advanced chronic and life limiting illness through a national web-based survey of state-level prison health care professionals. In particular, we focused on advanced care planning, use of health care directives, decision-making about goals of care, including life sustaining treatments, The response rate was 22% for a sample size 152 completed surveys. The average age of respondent was 52 years; majority were female and Caucasian, and had worked in corrections more than 8 years. Nearly half were registered nurses. Most reported their prison did not have a dedicated end-of-life care program and only 11% offered a peer-care program. However, two-thirds indicated their facility provided the opportunity to designate a health care agent with physicians most likely responsible for facilitating completion of a health care directive. It is evident the care of persons aging and dying in prison is complex and requires further investigation addressing staff and prison population education, ethics guidelines for care, compassionate release, and advance care planning. This study suggests that hospice and palliative care professionals could collaborate with corrections professionals and national organizations to provide innovative education and support to enhance the humane care of this vulnerable population.
Lack of Association Between Depression and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Adolescents Presenting for Routine Physical Examinations
Authors: Kumaratne Mohan , Vigneron Franck , Cisneros Jasmine , Rajapakse Vinodh 
Published: January 2024

Background: There are conflicting results in the existing studies regarding the association between depression and subclinical hypothyroidism in adolescents. Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels above the reference range without signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism. Objectives: The focus of this study is to determine whether there is any association between depression and subclinical hypothyroidism, (as defined by the serum TSH levels) in a population of healthy adolescents. Design: Quantitative-based cross-sectional study of a representative subset of the adolescent population. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical hypothyroidism, in adolescents presenting for annual physical examinations during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA, a period deemed high for adolescent depression. All the adolescents were screened for depression by the PHQ-9 screening tool and had their TSH measured. Results: Of the 304 subjects analyzed, 179 (58.88%) were minimally or not depressed according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) screening tool (mean PHQ 1.80 ± 1.49). 70 (23.03%) had mild depression (mean PHQ 6.59 ± 1.46), 50 (16.45%) had moderate depression (mean PHQ 13.70 ± 2.75), and 5 (1.64%) had severe depression (mean PHQ 21.40 ± 1.67). Mean TSH values were 1.93 ± 0.99, 1.77 ± 1.05, 2.10 ± 0.98, and 1.57 ± 0.32 mIU/L, respectively in the four groups. All values were within the recommended range of 0.50 to 4.30 mIU/L, without statistically significant inter-group differences. Conclusion: We conclude that there is no statistically significant association between depression and subclinical hypothyroidism, in a population of adolescents presenting for physical examinations, and if the screening for depression by the PHQ-9 tool indicates depression, a screening TSH test for subclinical hypothyroidism is not justified.