bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Trisomy 21 Phenotype
Authors: Buczyńska Angelika , Sidorkiewicz Iwona , Krętowski Adam Jacek , Zbucka-Krętowska Monika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the deregulated metabolic pathways in the development of trisomy 21 (T21) or Down syndrome. This research has shed light on the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the manifestation of the T21 phenotype. Although in vivo studies have shown promising results in mitigating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, there is currently a lack of introduced antioxidant treatment options targeting cognitive impairments associated with T21. To address this gap, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide an updated overview of the involvement of oxidative stress in T21. The review aimed to summarize the insights into the pathogenesis of the Down syndrome phenotype and present the findings of recent innovative research that focuses on improving cognitive function in T21 through various antioxidant interventions. By examining the existing literature, this research seeks to provide a holistic understanding of the role oxidative stress plays in the development of T21 and to explore novel approaches that target multiple aspects of antioxidant intervention to improve cognitive function in individuals with Down syndrome.
Graphical Abstract
The guides -base systematic review process (Hutton et al. 2015).
A study of progressive hedging for stochastic integer programming
Authors: Christiansen Jeffrey , Dandurand Brian , Eberhard Andrew , Oliveira Fabricio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivated by recent literature demonstrating the surprising effectiveness of the heuristic application of progressive hedging (PH) to stochastic mixed-integer programming (SMIP) problems, we provide theoretical support for the inclusion of integer variables, bridging the gap between theory and practice. We provide greater insight into the following observed phenomena of PH as applied to SMIP where optimal or at least feasible convergence is observed. We provide an analysis of a modified PH algorithm from a different viewpoint, drawing on the interleaving of (split) proximal-point methods (including PH), Gauss–Seidel methods, and the utilisation of variational analysis tools. Through this analysis, we show that under mild conditions, convergence to a feasible solution should be expected. In terms of convergence analysis, we provide two main contributions. First, we contribute insight into the convergence of proximal-point-like methods in the presence of integer variables via the introduction of the notion of persistent local minima. Secondly, we contribute an enhanced Gauss–Seidel convergence analysis that accommodates the variation of the objective function under mild assumptions. We provide a practical implementation of a modified PH and demonstrate its convergent behaviour with computational experiments in line with the provided analysis.
Competence Ratings in Psychotherapy Training – A Complex Matter
Authors: Paunov Tatjana , Weck Florian , Heinze Peter E. , Maaß Ulrike , Kühne Franziska 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The reliable assessment of competence is crucial for promoting the professional development of therapists. However, competence assessments are rarely included in training and research as these procedures are resource-intensive and costly, commonly relying on independent raters with high levels of expertise and extensive training. This study aimed to compare the interrater reliability (IRR) of raters with different levels of expertise. We also examined the impact of different camera perspectives on IRR.

Methods
We examined the IRR of six independent raters based on competence assessments in a standardized setting. Two raters were experienced psychotherapists (experts), and four were psychology students (novices; with/without supervision). All raters evaluated N = 359 videos of students performing role plays with standardized patients who were simulating depressive symptoms and behavior. For each video, the raters independently assessed basic communication skills (Clinical Communication Skills Scale–Short Form; CCSS-S), psychotherapeutic competence (Cognitive Therapy Scale; CTS), empathy (Empathy Scale; ES) and therapeutic alliance (Helping Alliance Questionnaire; HAQ).

Results
IRR varied depending on rater expertise and assessment measures, with the lowest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for empathy (ES; ICCs = 0.39-0.67) and the highest ICCs for psychotherapeutic competence (CTS; ICCs = 0.66-0.78). The concordance between expert raters and supervised novice raters was good (ICCs = 0.71-0.86). The camera perspective did not influence the reliability of the ratings.

Conclusions
With appropriate training and regular supervision, the novices assessed therapeutic behavior in standardized role plays with reliability comparable to that of the experts. Further research is needed regarding the reliable assessment of more complex therapy situations.
Can police camping ticket geographies facilitate homeless outreach? Identifying harms and people in homeless encampments
Authors: Reinhard Daniel , Stafford Mark C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnsheltered persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) encounter many kinds of harm, and it is often unclear what data sources can be leveraged to connect PEH to services. The present study contributes by first examining crime near encampments, and then determining the utility of police tickets to aid outreach to PEH who camp in public spaces. Using Boulder Colorado and Boulder Colorado Police Department data from November 2021 to October 2022, location quotients suggest that crime is approximately three times more concentrated near encampments identified by residents, and seven times more concentrated near encampments identified with police data. Police tickets for outdoor camping were concentrated among a small number of all ticketed persons. People ticketed most camped in the same area multiple times, and had camps established within a small number of geographically proximate locations. Results suggest outreach efforts to specific PEH could be enhanced with police camping ticket geographies, and this supports a coordinated response to homelessness.
Reciprocal Associations Between Science Efficacy, STEM Identity and Scientist Career Interest Among Adolescent Girls within the Context of Informal Science Learning
Authors: Zhao Mengya , Ozturk Emine , Law Fidelia , Joy Angelina , Deutsch Ashley R. , Marlow Christina S. , Mathews Channing J. , McGuire Luke , Hoffman Adam J. , Balkwill Frances , Burns Karen P. , Butler Laurence , Drews Marc , Fields Grace , Smith Hannah , Winterbottom Mark , Mulvey Kelly Lynn , Hartstone-Rose Adam , Rutland Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLimited research has explored the longitudinal pathway to youth career interests via identity and efficacy together. This study examined the longitudinal associations between science efficacy, STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) identity, and scientist career interest among girls who are historically considered as an underrepresented group among scientists. The sample included 308 girls (M age = 15.22, SD age = 1.66; 42.8% White) from six STEM youth programs, each at a different informal science learning site within the U.K. and the U.S. Longitudinal structural equation modelling demonstrated that science efficacy consistently predicted STEM identity and scientist career interest, and similarly, STEM identity consistently predicted science efficacy over a two-year period. Scientist career interest at 12 months predicted science efficacy at 24 months. The coefficients of efficacy predicting STEM identity and scientist career interest were significantly larger compared to STEM identity and scientist career interest in predicting science efficacy from 12 months to 24 months. Further mediation analysis supported a significant pathway from STEM identity at 3 months to scientist career interest at 24 months via 12-month science efficacy. The findings highlight that science efficacy and STEM identity for girls relate to their scientist career interest and these longitudinal associations are reciprocal. This study suggests that science efficacy and STEM identity mutually influence each other, and enhancing science efficacy and STEM identity is key to promoting adolescents’ interest in being a scientist.
Ambitious people are more prone to support resource-intensive aid programs
Authors: Viola Marta , Kruglanski Arie W. , Ellenberg Molly , Pierro Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn line with Significance Quest Theory (SQT, Kruglanski et al., 2022) and Costly Signaling Theory (CST, Zahavi, 1995), the present research aims to investigate the relationship between individual differences in ambition and support for costly (in terms of investment of personal resources) aid programs. Consistent with SQT, which holds that the quest for significance is a universal need that may lead to any type (e.g., violent or prosocial) of extreme behavior in order to satisfy it, we hypothesized that ambitious (vs. less ambitious) people are more motivated to engage in resource-intensive aid programs. In four studies (Total N = 744), both correlational (Studies 1 and 4) and experimental (Studies 2 and 3), we found a significant positive relationship between levels of ambition and support for resource-intensive aid programs; this relationship was mediated by difficulty perceived as important, i.e., the attribution of high value to difficult tasks and goals (Study 4).
Interactions Between Flow Fields Induced by Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Arrays
Authors: Böddecker Alexander , Passmann Maximilian , Wilczek Sebastian , Schücke Lars , Korolov Ihor , Skoda Romuald , Mussenbrock Thomas , Gibson Andrew R. , Awakowicz Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the flow field induced by a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) system, known for its efficient pollution remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We aim to understand the flow dynamics that contribute to the high conversion observed in similar systems using this specific SDBD design. Examining how the surface discharge affects the gas mixing in chemical processes is important for both understanding the fundamentals and for potential industrial applications. Experimental techniques, including schlieren imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV), applied with high temporal resolution, were used to analyse the flow field. Complementary, fluid simulations are employed to investigate the coupling between streamer and gas dynamics. Results show distinct fluid field behaviours for different electrode configurations, which differ in geometric complexity. The fluid field analysis of the most basic electrode design revealed behaviours commonly observed in actuator studies. The simulation results indicate the local information about the electron density as well as different temporal phases of the fluid flow velocity field containing the development of the experimental found vortex structure, its direction and speed of rotation. The electrode design with mostly parallel grid line structures exhibits confined vortices near the surface. In contrast, an electrode design also used in previous studies, is shown to promote strong gas transport through extended vortex structures, enhancing gas mixing and potentially explaining the high conversion observed.
What We Do and Don’t Know About Joint Attention
Authors: Moll Henrike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractJoint attention is an early-emerging and uniquely human capacity that lies at the foundation of many other capacities of humans, such as language and the understanding of other minds. In this article, I summarize what developmentalists and philosophers have come to find out about joint attention, and I end by stating that two problems or questions of joint attention require additional research: 1) the relation between joint attention and the skills for dyadic sharing or affect exchange in young infants, and 2) the evolution of joint attention.
Presence of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in sheep (Ovis aries) in Spain
Authors: Villanueva-Saz Sergio , Lebrero María Eugenia , Solsona Alba , Ramos Juan José , de Arcaute Marta Ruíz , Ruíz Héctor , Pérez María D. , Bello José María , Verde Maite , Ortín Aurora , Marteles Diana , Fernández Antonio , Gómez Alex , Trotta Michele , Lacasta Delia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSandflies are the primary transmission vector for Leishmania spp parasite in endemic regions. The role of other animals, different from the dog, is under discussion in the leishmaniosis endemic countries. A limited number of reports have been published on the possible role of livestock in European countries for Leishmania maintenance and diffusion. The aim of the present study was to perform a serosurvey on sheep in areas of Spain that are endemic for zoonotic leishmaniosis and establish the possible role of sheep regarding Leishmania infantum infection in endemic areas. Three hundred and two serum samples were obtained from sheep and were evaluated for serological survey to detect L. infantum by using the in-house ELISA technique. Twenty-eight out of the 302 samples included in this study, were positive for L. infantum antibodies (9.27%). In the present study, a significant association was found between adult age and seropositivity (p = 0.006) and female gender and seropositivity (p = 0.02). This association has not been previously described in other European studies related to L. infantum infection in sheep. Our study reveals that domestic sheep in a European Mediterranean country are exposed to L. infantum. To our knowledge, this study demonstrates the presence of seropositive sheep in different regions of Spain for the first time. Further epidemiological studies focus on evaluating the rural cycle of this parasite to know if livestock could act as a potential reservoir are needed.
The parabolic algebra revisited
Authors: Kastis Eleftherios , Power Stephen C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe parabolic algebra $${{\cal A}_p}$$

A
p

is the weakly closed operator algebra on $${L^2}(\mathbb{R})$$

L
2

(
ℝ
)
generated by the unitary semigroup of right translations and the unitary semigroup of multiplication by the analytic exponential functions $${e^{i\lambda x}},\lambda\ge 0$$

e

i
λ
x

,
λ
≥
0
. It is reflexive, with an invariant subspace lattice $${\rm{Lat}}{{\cal A}_p}$$
Lat

A
p

which is naturally homeomorphic to the unit disc (Katavolos and Power, 1997). The structure of $${\rm{Lat}}{{\cal A}_p}$$
Lat

A
p

is used to classify strongly irreducible isometric representations of the partial Weyl commutation relations. A formal generalisation of Arveson’s notion of a synthetic commutative subspace lattice is given for general subspace lattices, and it is shown that $${\rm{Lat}}{{\cal A}_p}$$
Lat

A
p

is not synthetic relative to the $${H^\infty}(\mathbb{R})$$

H
∞

(
ℝ
)
subalgebra of $${{\cal A}_p}$$

A
p

. Also, various new operator algebras, derived from isometric representations and from compact perturbations of $${{\cal A}_p}$$

A
p

, are defined and identified.
Experimental evaluation of corrosion inhibitors for completion fluids in the petroleum production systems
Authors: Retnanto Albertus , Yrac Rommel , Shaikh Afsha , Alagha Rand , Alsulaiti Fay , Chagouri Tariq 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCorrosion is the natural and continuous degradation of materials caused by either chemical, mechanical, or electrochemical reactions. Corrosion inhibitors may be added to the completion fluids to address corrosion problems efficiently. It is critical to add corrosion inhibitors in completion fluids, specifically under high-temperature conditions, since the corrosion rate is higher when the temperature is high. This corrosion process limits the life of the drill tools or the oil and gas well and causes formation damage. This research studied corrosion and corrosion inhibition treatments for five completion fluids, namely potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, calcium chloride, and calcium bromide. Phosphate and sulfite-based corrosion inhibitors were individually added to the completion fluids, and their corrosion properties were studied to tackle the corrosion issue. In addition, a mixture of phosphate-based and sulfite-based corrosion inhibitors in completion fluids was studied. Additionally, the experimental results recommend using divalent brines as they were identified as a better medium for lowering corrosion rate and conditions than the monovalent brines. A novel aspect of this study is that the materials leveraged for conducting experiments are also used in actual petroleum production field operations. The experiments demonstrate that the corrosion rate can be efficiently controlled at high temperatures in deeper wells.
The Differential Experience of COVID-19 on Asian American Subgroups: The Los Angeles Pandemic Surveillance Cohort Study
Authors: Lam Chun Nok , Tam Benjamin , Kawaguchi Eric S. , Unger Jennifer B. , Hur Kevin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractData from Asian Americans (AsA) are commonly aggregated in research studies and reporting, obscuring the significant differences across AsA subgroups. We investigated the differential experience of AsA subgroups in COVID-19 testing, vaccination, engagement in risky and protective behaviors and mental health status against this infectious disease. We surveyed a representative sample of the Los Angeles County population (N = 5500) in April 2021 as part of the Los Angeles Pandemic Surveillance Cohort Study and focused on participants who self-identified as AsA (N = 756). There were significant differences across the AsA subgroups, with Koreans, Asian Indians, and Other Asians living in areas with higher COVID-19 mortality rates, and Asian Indians demonstrating the lowest proportion of COVID-19 vaccination. Vietnamese and Koreans had a higher proportion of becoming unemployed during the pandemic. Although the AsA sample on average demonstrated better outcomes than other racial and ethnic groups, the apparent advantages were heterogenous and due to specific subgroups of AsAs rather than AsAs as a whole. The observed differences in COVID-19 measures across AsA subgroups underscore the need to disaggregate AsA data to identify and reduce existing disparities.
Asian Courts in Times of COVID: Virtualization and the New Normal
Authors: Yeo Alvin , Chan Hock Keng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has caused restrictive measures to be established in many sectors including the legal and judicial sector; an example is the use of electronic litigation systems and video-conferencing facilities for trials. With the implementation of changes in the legal and judicial sector to adapt to restrictions arising from the pandemic, there is the question of whether the current rules governing civil-court proceedings are designed to accommodate these changes. This article seeks to explore the measures taken by courts in response to the pandemic with a focus on Asia, notably Singapore. The article will outline the legal basis for the use of live video links for the purpose of witness evidence-taking under Singapore law and the possible implications will be reviewed taking Singapore’s civil proceedings as an example in comparison with other jurisdictions.
The Exclusionary Power of Political Directives
Authors: Yuan Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractI defend the exclusionary power of political directives. The prevailing account, which I call the additive account, holds that a legitimate directive only provides a pro tanto obligation for subjects to comply. I show that it falls into a Goldilocks dilemma, giving either insufficient or excessive weight to these obligations. Pace the additive account, I argue that a legitimate directive not only gives subjects a pro tanto reason to comply but also excludes all the reasons bearing on its justifiability regarding subjects’ actions as required by the directive. Unlike Raz, who grounds the exclusionary power of legitimate directives on authorities’ supposedly superior epistemic competence, I justify it by drawing on Kantian political philosophy, which grants states a unique moral standing to make coercive decisions on behalf of their citizenry as a solution to the problem of unilateralism.
Metformin improves cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia: associated with enhanced functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Shao Tiannan , Huang Jing , Zhao Yuxin , Wang Weiyan , Tian Xiaohan , Hei Gangrui , Kang Dongyu , Gao Yong , Liu Fangkun , Zhao Jingping , Liu Bing , Yuan Ti-Fei , Wu Renrong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, which is aggravated by antipsychotics-induced metabolic disturbance and lacks effective pharmacologic treatments in clinical practice. Our previous study demonstrated the efficiency of metformin in alleviating metabolic disturbance following antipsychotic administration. Here we report that metformin could ameliorate cognitive impairment and improve functional connectivity (FC) in prefrontal regions. This is an open-labeled, evaluator-blinded study. Clinically stable patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to receive antipsychotics plus metformin (N = 48) or antipsychotics alone (N = 24) for 24 weeks. The improvement in cognition was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Its association with metabolic measurements, and voxel-wise whole-brain FC with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) subregions as seeds were evaluated. When compared to the antipsychotics alone group, the addition of metformin resulted in significantly greater improvements in the MCCB composite score, speed of processing, working memory, verbal learning, and visual learning. A significant time × group interaction effect of increased FC between DLPFC and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)/middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and between DLPFC subregions were observed after metformin treatment, which was positively correlated with MCCB cognitive performance. Furthermore, the FC between left DLPFC A9/46d to right ACC/MCC significantly mediated metformin-induced speed of processing improvement; the FC between left A46 to right ACC significantly mediated metformin-induced verbal learning improvement. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that metformin can improve cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients and is partly related to the FC changes in the DLPFC. Trial Registration: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03271866). The full trial protocol is provided in Supplementary Material.