bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
16S rRNA sequencing reveals relationships among enrichment of oral microbiota in the lower respiratory tract and pulmonary nodules malignant progression
Authors: Guo Jing , Han Jierong , Li Fang , Ma Qiong , He Jiawei , You Fengming , Ren Yifeng , Fu Xi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Micro-aspiration of oral microorganisms results in considerable enrichment within the lower respiratory tract (LRT), constituting an early event in lung cancer pathogenesis. To explore the correlation between malignant risk of pulmonary nodules (PNs) and oral commensals enrichment in LRT, oral saliva and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid samples from 22 low-risk PN patients, 17 intermediate-risk PN patients, and 11 high-risk PN patients were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analyses reveal minimal variation in oral microbial diversity and abundance among patients with different risks of PN. In contrast, a significant reduction in the diversity of LRT microbiota is observed in patients at high risk of PN. Based on multigroup comparative analysis of species differences and the linear discriminant analysis effect size method,
Synergistes
and
Tannerella
were identified as the dominant bacterial genera in the oral and LRT of high-risk PN patients, respectively. The study found that the LRT microbiota of PN patients seemed to originate from the oral, and the high enrichment of oral microbiota in the lower respiratory tract was most common in high-risk PN patients. The predominant bacterial genera present in the oral cavity and LRT of patients with PN were identified through abundance variance analysis. Eight key microbial genera were found in both the oral cavity and LRT:
Streptococcus
,
Granulicatella
,
Porphyromonas
,
Bacillus
,
Neisseria
,
Alloprevotella
,
Prevotella
, and
Leptotrichia
. Notably, receiver operating characteristic analysis identified
Streptococcus
,
Granulicatella
, and
Leptotrichia
as reliable biomarkers to differentiate high-risk PN. Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that the accumulation of oral microorganisms in the LRT played an important role in the process of PN cancerization. The co-occurrence network showed that the coexistence of
Veillonella
and
Streptococcus
in the oral and LRT may be involved in the occurrence of PN, while the LRT cluster of
Rothia
occurred in high-risk PN patients. Correlation analysis among species identified microbial communities predominantly composed of
Veillonella
, which may facilitate pulmonary carcinogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
This study is the first to elucidate the composition and interrelationships of oral and lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiota in patients with pulmonary nodule (PN) across varying malignancy risk levels. We conducted an analysis to investigate the correlation between the malignant potential of PNs and the enrichment of oral microbiota within the LRT. Additionally, we explored the feasibility of utilizing oral-lower respiratory commensal microbiota as biomarkers to assess the benign and malignant nature of pulmonary nodules. This study aims to provide evidence supporting early diagnosis and intervention strategies for lung cancer.
Characterization of sulopenem antimicrobial activity using
in vitro
time-kill kinetics, synergy, post-antibiotic effect, and sub-inhibitory MIC effect methods against
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates
Authors: Maher Joshua M. , Huband Michael D. , Lindley Jill M. , Rhomberg Paul R. , Aronin Steven I. , Puttagunta Sailaja , Castanheira Mariana 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Sulopenem is an oral and intravenous penem antibiotic in clinical development for treatment of urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. This study evaluated
in vitro
antimicrobial activity of sulopenem by post-antibiotic effect (PAE), sub-inhibitory minimal inhibitory concentration PAE effect (PAE-SME), checkerboard testing, and time-kill testing. Testing sulopenem at 1×, 5×, or 10× the baseline MIC resulted in a PAE interval of 0.0–0.7 hours. When exposed to 0.5× the sulopenem MIC following 5× MIC, all isolate/agent combinations had PAE-SME values of >4.8 hours. Checkerboard testing revealed no instances of antagonism between sulopenem and comparator agents—indifference was observed in most sulopenem checkerboard combinations. Sulopenem demonstrated bactericidal activity (≥3 log
10
[99.9%] reduction in viable organism counts) in all time-kill assays following 24 hours of incubation at 8× the baseline MIC (6/6), 5/6 displaying this activity within 8 hours. The present antimicrobial parameters seen at concentrations surrounding the MIC support optimization of sulopenem dosing and further development. The oral dosing regimen of sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid 500 mg/500 mg administered every 12 hours was recently evaluated in two phase 3 clinical trials where sulopenem demonstrated efficacy against amoxicillin-clavulanate in uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) and against ciprofloxacin in fluoroquinolone-resistant uUTI.

IMPORTANCE

Sulopenem is an oral and intravenous penem antibiotic in clinical development for treatment of urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. This study evaluated sulopenem via broth microdilution susceptibility testing, PAE, sub-inhibitory MIC PAE effect, checkerboard testing, and time-kill testing. The results of this study—interpreted along with recent pharmacodynamic
in vitro
one-compartment and hollow-fiber infection model work—provide insight into the
in vitro
activity of sulopenem.
Feasibility and usefulness of Gini coefficients of primary care visits as a measure of service inequality: preliminary findings from a cross-sectional study using region-wide electronic medical records in Anhui, China
Authors: Yang Ningjing , Li Guocheng , Xu Jia , Yang Xin , Chai Jing , Cheng Jing , Lu Manman , Liu Rong , Wang Debin , Shen Xingrong 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate inequalities in primary healthcare visits by using the Gini coefficients of primary healthcare visits (GPVs) as derived from large-scale and region-wide electronic records and to explore estimation and utility of GPV.DesignThe study used a cross-sectional study design. It first extracted a random sample of 7.09 million primary care records from 1 October 2019 to 31 December 2021. Then it developed logarithmic models of GPVs using different months of records and performed descriptive and generalised linear mixed-effects regression analyses of the GPVs for all-cause diseases. The study also produced topographic maps of the GPVs for nine selected diseases.SettingAll primary healthcare facilities within the 105 townships or communities randomly selected from Anhui province, China.ParticipantsAll practising doctors working with and all patients presenting to the above sampled facilities during the 27-month study period.ResultsThe overall rate of primary healthcare visits during the 27-month period was estimated at 147.78%, with intra-regional variation coefficients by all-cause and system-specific disease ranging from 49.02% to 68.96%, and women were more likely than men to seek primary healthcare. The observed GPVs for all-cause and system-specific diseases all fitted very well with logarithmic equations and the goodness of fit increased rapidly when the months of EMRs were extended for the first few months, being over 78.92%, 91.17% and 94.78% for the first 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, respectively. These logarithmic models predicted at least high disparity (GPV>0.4) for all the system-specific diseases when the time period reached 6 months to 8 years. The observed GPVs for system-specific diseases, as estimated using the 27-month electronic medical records, ranged from 0.341 for skin-immune disease to 0.514 for cardiovascular disease. While the observed GPVs for all causes witnessed: great inter-region variations, with the highest GPV being 4.38 times the lowest; a general decreasing trend over the 9-quarter period, being reduced by 18.48% on average; and atypical J-shaped trajectories along age groups for both sexes. The multivariate modelling revealed statistically significant associations between the all-cause-GPV and 10 out of 14 commonly available community-level variables studied.ConclusionsGPVs can be accurately estimated using a limited number of months of EMRs and, guided by the relevant framework, analysis of GPVs can unveil useful clues in addressing unequal primary healthcare utilisation.
Length of hospital stay and its factor associated among neonates with perinatal asphyxia in the Northwest Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia 2023: a multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Gedefaw Gezahagn Demsu , Abate Asnake Tadesse , Worku Degalem Tilahun , Ayenew Mulugeta Endalamaw , Daka Dawit Tesfaye 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo determine the length of hospital stay and related factors in newborns with perinatal asphyxia in comprehensive specialised hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.DesignA multicentre institutional-based cross-sectional study.SettingTertiary hospitals in Northwest Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia, from 1 to 30 December 2023.ParticipantsA total of 609 neonates with perinatal asphyxia were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of selected public hospitals in Northwest Amhara from September 2018 to October 2023.Outcome measuresLength of hospital stay and associated factors in newborns with perinatal asphyxia were noted.ResultsA total of 609 newborns with perinatal asphyxia were included in this study. The mean hospital stay for the newborns was 13.9 days (coef=13.9, 95% CI 13.43 to 14.38), with minimum and maximum hospital stays of 4–28 days, respectively. Neonatal sepsis, AKI, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, fetal macrosomia and prolonged labour were significantly associated with a longer hospital stay in neonates with perinatal asphyxia.ConclusionsThe current study indicated that the mean length of hospital stay in newborns with perinatal asphyxia was 13.9 days. Contributing factors to prolonged hospital stays include neonates with neonatal sepsis, prolonged second-stage labour, acute neonatal kidney injury stages 2 and 3 hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and fetal macrosomia. The length of hospital stay for neonates with perinatal asphyxia can be reduced by implementing appropriate standards of care.
Patient-reported symptoms and admission pathways in stroke mimics versus confirmed stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Sørensen Viktor Frederik Idin , Eddelien Heidi Shil , Butt Jawad Haider , Kruuse Christina 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo determine patient-reported symptoms and clinical factors associated with mimics and differences in health-seeking behaviour versus stroke.DesignThis is a post-hoc analysis of a cross-sectional survey of interviews on patient-reported factors in patients admitted with suspected stroke. Patients were categorised as genuine stroke or mimic. The surveys were conducted from February 2018 to January 2019.SettingTwo non-comprehensive stroke centres in Denmark.ParticipantsPatients≥18 years (no upper age limit) admitted with symptoms of stroke to one of the non-comprehensive stroke centres or transferred from a comprehensive- or primary stroke centre were eligible for inclusion. 592 patients were included.Outcome measuresSymptoms or clinical factors associated with stroke mimics. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mimics. Secondarily, the number of strokes versus mimics presenting at a healthcare facility within 3 hours contacted the emergency medical service (EMS) and arrived by ambulance.ResultsOf 592 suspected patients with stroke, 113 (19.1%) were mimics; most frequently peripheral vertigo (24.7%) and migraine (11.5%). Factors associated with a higher likelihood of mimics were female sex (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.79), high Scandinavian Stroke Scale scores (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09, per point increase), and vertigo (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.95). Factors associated with a lower likelihood of mimics were increasing age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98 per year increase), reported limb weakness (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.89) and difficulty steering (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.93).There was no difference between groups in the proportion of patients for whom time from symptom onset to healthcare services contact exceeded 3 hours (52.2% vs 53.7%,p=0.78). Fewer mimics contacted the EMS first, were accepted at a primary stroke centre and arrived by ambulance (p<0.05 for all variables).ConclusionPatient-reported vertigo and migraine are common stroke mimics. Increasing age and unilateral limb symptoms increase the likelihood of a stroke. Although symptoms are similar, prehospital pathways differ between mimics and genuine patients with stroke.
A qualitative study exploring depressed participants’ experiences of receiving Augmented Depression Therapy (ADepT)
Authors: Demetriou Kalliopi , Widnall Emily , Warbrick Laura , Reed Nigel , Marchant Katie , Geschwind Nicole , Watson Rebecca , Magner-Parsons Isabella , Barter Rachel , Wright Kim A , Dunn Barney 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThe current study aimed to explore participants’ views on the acceptability, impact and mechanisms of change of Augmented Depression Therapy (ADepT), a novel wellbeing-focused and recovery-oriented psychological therapy for depression.DesignA semi-structured qualitative interview design was used, with data analysed using the framework approach.Participants20 participants with anhedonic depression who had received up to 20 sessions of ADepT, sampled from a pilot randomised controlled trial of ADepT versus Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).SettingA primary care psychological therapy clinic in Devon, UK, with interviews occurring between May 2018 and February 2020.ResultsParticipants found the wellbeing focus of ADepT acceptable. Helpful aspects of therapy were a positive therapeutic bond, the structure and flow of therapy scaffolding the learning journey, the tools and techniques of therapy helping building wellbeing and booster sessions supporting long-term recovery. Negative aspects for some participants were therapy feeling too intense and triggering feelings of failure. Participants reported significant positive impacts of treatment on wellbeing, functioning and hope. Perceived mechanisms of change were reorienting to the positive, engaging with valued goals, taking a proactive life stance, gaining confidence and motivation for change, breaking down tasks into small steps, cultivating self-care and self-compassion, enhancing help seeking and interpersonal effectiveness, changing the relationship to depression, and rediscovering the self beyond depression.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the wellbeing focus of ADepT is acceptable and leads to positive impacts, supports the logic model underpinning the intervention, and warrants continuation to a definitive trial.Trial registration numberISRCTN85278228.
Forecasting stroke and stroke-driven dementia in a rapidly ageing population: a model-based analysis of alternative projection scenarios for Ireland
Authors: Sexton Eithne , O'Flaherty Martin , Hickey Anne , Williams David J. , Horgan Frances , Macey Chris , Timmons Suzanne , Collins Rónán , Bennett Kathleen E 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveUnderstanding future population needs is key for informing stroke service planning. This study aims to evaluate scenarios for future trends in stroke age-specific incidence and case fatality, and estimate their impact on projected stroke and poststroke dementia prevalence in Ireland.DesignThis is an epidemiological modelling study based on a probabilistic Markov model. We extrapolated trends in age-specific stroke incidence and case fatality from 1990 to 2019 and applied these to 2016 to 2046. We defined trend scenarios based on stability and low and high decline, broadly based on the lower and upper bounds of evidence for trends to date. We also examined nonlinear trends involving decelerating decline over time and varying trends by age.Setting/participantsThe study is conducted on the Irish population aged 40–89 years in the period 2022–2046. We used multiple data sources, including systematic review and observational evidence.InterventionsNot applicable.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe projected the incidence and prevalence of stroke (International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes I60–I61, I63–I64), poststroke dementia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) criteria) and poststroke disability (modified Rankin Scale 3–5).ResultsThe stable scenario indicated a projected 85 834 stroke survivors in 2046 (95% uncertainty interval (UI)=82 366–89 655), an increase of 45.7% from 2022. Assuming a high incidence decline and low case-fatality decline indicated a 5.4% increase in prevalence. Intermediate scenarios based on lower rates of decline, or decline rates slowing over time, implied an increase between 25.8% and 40.3%. Results did not differ substantially when we varied trends by age.In the stable scenario, we projected 16 978 poststroke dementia prevalent cases in 2046 (95% UI 14 958–19 157), an increase of 58.9% from 2022. In the high decline scenario, the increase would be 24.5%, with intermediate scenarios implying an increase between 41.3% and 56.3%.ConclusionsFuture stroke healthcare needs will vary substantially depending on epidemiological trends. There is an urgent need to both invest in prevention strategies and plan for likely increases in future stroke care needs.
Association between parity and gravidity & hypertension and blood pressure: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gulamhusein Nabilah , Pattar Badal S B , Dumanski Sandra M , Harrison Tyrone G , Butalia Sonia , Robert Magali , Schulz Jane A , Ahmed Sofia B 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, and hypertension is one of the most prevalent and modifiable risk factors. Parity and gravidity, independent of pregnancy complications, have each been associated with hypertension, although results are conflicting. Therefore, we propose to estimate the association between parity and gravidity with hypertension and blood pressure in a systematic review of the literature.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be conducted to estimate the association between parity and gravidity and hypertension and blood pressure. Electronic databases (Excerpta Medica Database, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus and Web of Science) will be searched from inception to January 2025. Two investigators will independently screen identified abstracts and select observational cohort studies, case-control studies and randomised controlled trials examining parity or gravidity and hypertension or blood pressure. Extracted data will include study and population characteristics, comorbidities, parity, gravidity, incidence of hypertension and changes in blood pressure, study quality and risk of bias. If there are sufficient data, they will be summarised using random effects meta-analysis to estimate the pooled risk ratio or odds ratio of hypertension. Stratified and subgroup analyses will be used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024560535.
Effect of intermittent urethral catheter clamping combined with active urination training (ICCAUT) strategy on postoperative urinary dysfunction after radical rectal cancer surgery: single-centre randomised controlled trial (ICCAUT -1) study protocol
Authors: He Tingting , Liang Sen , Guan Yunan , Sun Jianan , Hu Haiyan , Wang Quan , Guo Yuchen 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundUrinary catheter placement is routinely performed after proctectomy. However, there is uncertainty regarding the need for bladder training before catheter removal. This trial aims to examine the effect of intermittent catheter clamping combined with active urination training (ICCAUT) on urinary retention and secondary catheterisation after proctectomy.Methods and analysisEligible patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the ICCAUT group or the free-drainage (FD) group. In the ICCAUT group, patients will undergo intermittent clamping of the urinary catheter combined with active urination training before its removal, whereas the patients in the FD group will not receive any specific training. The urinary catheter will be removed on postoperative day 2 in both groups after emptying the bladder. The primary end point is the incidence of urinary dysfunction. Secondary end points include urinary tract infection, time to first urination after catheter removal, catheter-related bladder discomfort syndrome, postoperative morbidity and mortality and urinary function within 30 days.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the First Hospital of Jilin University (24K047-001). Written informed consent will be obtained before performing any study procedures. All primary and secondary outcomes will be reported in peer-reviewed publications and at conference presentations.Trial registration numberThe trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov website,NCT06241703.
Revisiting $$B\rightarrow K^*\pi $$ and $$B\rightarrow K\rho $$ decays using the modified perturbative QCD approach
Authors: Wang Ru-Xuan , Yang Mao-Zhi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We revisit

$$B\rightarrow K^*\pi $$

B
→

K
∗

π

and

$$B\rightarrow K\rho $$

B
→
K
ρ

decay processes using the modified perturbative QCD approach, which is developed based on the perturbative QCD approach with a few improvements. A critical infrared cutoff scale

$$\mu _c$$

μ
c

is introduced to separate hard and soft contributions in the decay process. Hard contributions with scale

$$\mu $$

μ

larger than

$$\mu _c$$

μ
c

are calculated with perturbative QCD, and soft contributions with

$$\mu <\mu _c$$

μ
<

μ
c

are described in terms of soft transition and production form factors. In addition, color-octet contributions are considered phenomenologically. The branching fractions and CP violations of

$$B\rightarrow K^*\pi $$

B
→

K
∗

π

,

$$K\rho $$

K
ρ

decays are calculated. With appropriate parameter inputs, the theoretical results can be in good agreement with experimental data.
Charged spherically symmetric and slowly rotating charged black hole solutions in bumblebee gravity
Authors: Liu Jia-Zhou , Guo Wen-Di , Wei Shao-Wen , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we study the scenario in which the matter field is an electromagnetic field nonminimally coupled to the bumblebee vector field. We present exact charged spherically symmetric black hole solutions and slowly rotating charged solutions in bumblebee gravity with and without a cosmological constant. The static spherically symmetric solutions describe the Reissner–Nordström-like black hole and Reissner–Nordström-(anti) de Sitter-like black hole, while the stationary and axially symmetric solutions describe the Kerr–Newman-like black hole and Kerr–Newman–(anti) de Sitter-like black hole. We utilize the Hamilton–Jacobi formalism to study the shadows of the black holes. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the electric charge and Lorentz-violating parameters on the radius of the shadow reference circle and the distortion parameter. We find that the radius of the reference circle decreases with the Lorentz-violating parameter and the charge parameter, while the distortion parameter increases with the Lorentz-violating parameter and the charge parameter.