bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical closure of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks improves symptoms in patients with superficial siderosis
Authors: El Rahal Amir , Haupt Benedikt , Fung Christian , Cipriani Debora , Häni Levin , Lützen Niklas , Dobrocky Tomas , Piechowiak Eike , Schnell Oliver , Raabe Andreas , Wolf Katharina , Urbach Horst , Kraus Luisa Mona , Volz Florian , Beck Jürgen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeSpinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks may cause a myriad of symptoms, most common being orthostatic headache. In addition, ventral spinal CSF leaks are a possible etiology of superficial siderosis (SS), a rare condition characterized by hemosiderin deposits in the central nervous system (CNS). The classical presentation of SS involves ataxia, bilateral hearing loss, and myelopathy. Unfortunately, treatment options are scarce. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether microsurgical closure of CSF leaks can prevent further clinical deterioration or improve symptoms of SS.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted using data from a prospectively maintained database in two large spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) referral centers in Germany and Switzerland of patients who meet the modified International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria for SIH. Patients with spinal CSF leaks were screened for the presence of idiopathic infratentorial symmetric SS of the CNS.ResultsTwelve patients were included. The median latency between the onset of orthostatic headaches and symptoms attributed to SS was 9.5 years. After surgical closure of the underlying spinal CSF leak, symptoms attributed to SS improved in seven patients and remained stable in three. Patients who presented within 1 year after the onset of SS symptoms improved, but those who presented in 8–12 years did not improve. We could show a significant association between patients with spinal longitudinal extrathecal collections and SS.ConclusionsLong‐standing untreated ventral spinal CSF leaks can lead to SS of the CNS, and microsurgical sealing of spinal CSF leaks might stop progression and improve symptoms in patients with SS in a time‐dependent manner.
Optimal cardiovascular health is associated with slower cognitive decline
Authors: Ferreira Naomi Vidal , Gonçalves Natalia Gomes , Szlejf Claudia , Goulart Alessandra C. , de Souza Santos Itamar , Duncan Bruce B. , Schmidt Maria Inês , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Caramelli Paulo , Feter Natan , Castilhos Raphael Machado , Drager Luciano F. , Lotufo Paulo , Benseñor Isabela , Suemoto Claudia Kimie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLife's Simple 7, a lifestyle and cardiovascular index associated with cognition, has been updated to Life's Essential 8 (LE8) to include sleep. LE8 has been related to cardiovascular outcomes but its association with cognition is unclear.MethodsIn this longitudinal analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil), LE8 score was based on health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep health) as well as health‐related factors (body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure). Cognition was assessed in three waves, 4 years apart, using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease – Word List, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, the Trail‐Making Test B (TMT‐B), and a global composite score. We used linear mixed‐model analysis, inverse probability weighting, and interaction analysis.ResultsAt baseline, the mean age of the study cohort was 51.4 ± 8.9 years, 56% were women, and 53% were White. Higher baseline LE8 scores were associated with slower decline in global cognition (β = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001, 0.002; p < 0.001), memory (β = 0.001, 95% CI 0.000, 0.002; p = 0.013), verbal fluency (β = 0.001, 95% CI 0.000, 0.002; p = 0.003), and TMT‐B (β = 0.004, 95% CI 0.003, 0.005; p < 0.001). This association was mainly driven by LE8 health factors, particularly blood glucose and blood pressure. Age, sex, and race were modifiers of the association between LE8 and global cognitive decline (p < 0.001), suggesting it was more pronounced in older, male, and Black participants.ConclusionsHigher baseline LE8 scores were associated with slower global and domain‐specific cognitive decline during 8 years of follow‐up, mainly due to health factors such as blood glucose and blood pressure. Sociodemographic factors were modifiers of this association.
Reporting the biodiversity impacts of greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Mokany Karel , Giljohann Katherine M. , Ware Chris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are increasing demands for organisations and governments to report their biodiversity impacts, yet there are limited methods to account for the consequences of emitting greenhouse gases on global biodiversity. We use published evidence to derive a conversion factor of approximately 2.3 × 10−7 species expected to be committed to extinction per tCO2e emitted. We demonstrate how this conversion factor can be used to account for emissions‐related biodiversity impacts of organisations and nations.
Comparative efficacy of multiple non‐pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: A network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yin Zihan , Li Yaqin , Bao Qiongnan , Zhang Xinyue , Xia Manze , Zhong Wanqi , Wu Kexin , Yao Jin , Chen Zhenghong , Sun Mingsheng , Zhao Ling , Liang Fanrong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon‐pharmacological interventions can improve the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, the optimal non‐pharmacological treatments remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of multiple non‐pharmacological methods and identify the optimal therapy for BPSD. Potential randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were searched and selected from 15 databases and sources from the inception of the databases until 1 October 2022. Two independent authors implemented study screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. Primary outcome was reduction of Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). The secondary outcome were changes of Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL‐AD), the Abilities of Daily Living scale, and the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Meta‐analyses were performed using STATA v15.0 and ADDIS v1.16.8. The GRADE approaches were utilised to evaluate evidence quality. The present study included 43 RCTs with 4978 participants. The global methodological quality of the RCTs was moderate. Regarding NPI reduction, with moderate‐certainty evidence, exercise plus treatment as usual (TAU) outperformed TAU (mean difference [MD]: −7.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −13.22, −0.76) and ranked as the optimal treatment. For reduction in CSDD, with low‐ to moderate‐certainty evidence, massage plus TAU (MD: −15.26; 95% CI: −20.13, −10.52) and music plus TAU (MD: −2.40; 95% CI: −4.62, −0.12) were associated with greater reduction compared with TAU. For reduction in CMAI, with moderate‐certainty evidence, aromatherapy plus massage (MD: −15.84; 95% CI: −29.76, −2.42) and massage plus music (MD: −13.12; 95% CI: −25.43, −0.76) were significantly more effective than TAU. For improvement in QoL‐AD, with critically low‐ to low‐certainty evidence, there were no statistical differences between any of non‐pharmacological treatments and TAU. Due to the limited number of included studies, network meta‐analysis was not performed for other outcomes. In conclusion, non‐pharmacological treatments are effective for overall symptoms, depression, and agitation. Exercise plus treatment as usual may be an optimal non‐pharmacological intervention for improving the overall BPSD. This may help to guide patients, doctors, and policymakers.
Modifying the clinical reasoning cycle to enhance forensic mental health nursing utility
Authors: Maguire Tessa , Ryan Jo , Levett‐Jones Tracy , Olasoji Michael , Garvey Loretta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractForensic mental health nursing is a specialty area of practice requiring specific knowledge and skills to work collaboratively with consumers. The Clinical Reasoning Cycle has been recognised as a potential framework to support nursing practice; however, it has been identified that adaptations are required to enhance utility in a forensic mental health services. The aim of this study was to explore and finalise a version of the cycle for forensic mental health nursing practice. Focus groups and interviews were used to explore adaptations with staff from a state‐wide forensic service and forensic mental health nursing academics. Data were thematically analysed. Four main themes were interpreted: (1) allegiance to the Nursing Process, (2) moving the cycle from page to practice, (3) working as a team, or not, and (4) implementation will be a marathon and not a sprint. While nursing academics were more in favour of updating the Nursing Process to ensure contemporary practice is captured, staff from the service were supportive of the adapted cycle but emphasised the need to ensure collaboration with the consumer and their supporters. The adapted cycle was seen to articulate the contribution of forensic mental health nursing care, and support for a nursing‐specific cycle was embraced by other disciplines, despite some hesitation from nurses. Prior to implementation there is a need to ensure the merits of the cycle are clearly articulated, along with a range of resources and specific contextual information to ensure the cycle can be successfully applied to enhance nursing practice and consumer care.
Exploring NK‐Cell molecules that impact the immune response and microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shao Peng , Hu Wei‐Wei , Shi Xin‐lian , Shu Ming‐yang , Li Dong‐Ya , Zhou Tingting , Zhao Qi‐Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNK cells play a role in various cancers, but their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still needs to be explored. All public data are obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. All analysis was performed using specific packages in R software. In our study, we quantified the immune microenvironment of HNSCC through multiple algorithms. Next, we identified NK cell‐associated genes by quantifying NK cells, including SSNA1, TRIR, PAXX, DPP7, WDR34, EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1. Then, we explored the single‐cell expression pattern of these genes in the HNSCC microenvironment. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1 were related to the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Following this, we selected EZR for further analysis. Our results showed that the patients with high EZR expression might have a poor prognosis and worse clinical features. Biological enrichment analysis showed that EZR is associated with many oncogenic pathways and a higher tumour stemness index. Meanwhile, we found that EZR can remodel the immune microenvironment of HNSCC. Moreover, we noticed that EZR could affect the immunotherapy and specific drug sensitivity, making it an underlying clinical target. In summary, our results can improve the understanding of NK cell in HNSCC. Meanwhile, we identified EZR as the underlying clinical target of HNSCC.
Exploring the causal relationship between periodontitis and gut microbiome: Unveiling the oral–gut and gut–oral axes through bidirectional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Chen Hang , Peng Limin , Wang Zhenxiang , He Yujuan , Zhang Xiaonan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThis Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the potential bidirectional causal relationship between the gut microbiome (GM) and periodontitis.Materials and MethodsWe used genetic instruments from the genome‐wide association study of European descent for periodontitis from the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium (17,353 cases and 28,210 controls) and the FinnGen consortium (4434 cases and 259,234 controls) to investigate the causal relationship with GM (the MiBioGen consortium, 18,340 samples), and vice versa. Several MR techniques, which include inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode and weighted mode approaches, were employed to investigate the causal relationship between the exposures and the outcomes. Cochran's Q‐test was performed to detect heterogeneity. The MR‐Egger regression intercept and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR‐PRESSO) were conducted to test potential horizontal pleiotropy. Leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses were used to assess the stabilities of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Finally, the IVW results from the two databases were analysed using meta‐analysis.ResultsWe confirmed three potential causal relationships between GM taxa and periodontitis at the genus level. Among them, the genera Alistipes and Holdemanella were genetically associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. In reverse, periodontitis may lead to a decreased abundance of the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG014.ConclusionsThe demonstration of a causal link between GM and periodontitis provides compelling evidence, highlighting the interconnectivity and interdependence of the gut–oral and oral–gut axes.
Nocardiosis and other common diseases of cultured golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) in Taiwan
Authors: Yan Wei‐Xiao , Tseng Yu‐Han , Huang Wen‐Rou , Cheng Li‐Wu , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGolden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is a carnivorous teleost cultured in the Asia‐Pacific region. Fish culture in high densities and numbers results in disease outbreaks, causing huge economic losses. Here, we collected cultured golden pompanos from 2021 to 2022 and identified the pathogens isolated from the diseased fish. Out of a total of 64 clinical cases observed in both sea cages and fish ponds, it was found that Nocardia seriolae was the predominant pathogen (26%), followed by Lactococcus garvieae (13%). Trichodina spp. was the most prevalent parasite in sea cages and earthen ponds (21%), while Neobenedenia spp. was the primary parasitic pathogen (16%) in sea cages. Given these findings, further investigations were conducted, including antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity tests specific to N. seriolae in golden pompanos. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of N. seriolae revealed that all strains were susceptible to doxycycline, oxytetracycline, florfenicol and erythromycin but resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Additionally, a pathogenicity assessment was carried out by administering an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL containing 107 CFU of N. seriolae per fish. The mortality rates observed varied between 40% and 90%, with the P2 strain exhibiting the highest level of virulence, resulting in a cumulative mortality of 90%. Therefore, disease outbreaks in fish can be minimized by developing effective treatments and prevention methods.
Factors associated with disagreement between clinician app‐based ultra‐brief Confusion Assessment Method and reference standard delirium assessments
Authors: Dhliwayo Rejoice , Trivedi Shrunjal , Ngo Long , Fick Donna M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Boltz Marie , Leslie Douglas , Husser Erica , Shrestha Priyanka , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the Ultra‐Brief Confusion Assessment Method (UB‐CAM), designed to help physicians and nurses to recognize delirium, showed high, but imperfect, accuracy compared with Research Reference Standard Delirium Assessments (RRSDAs). The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with disagreement between clinicians' app‐based UB‐CAM assessments and RRSDAs.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a prospective diagnostic test study. The study was conducted at two hospitals and included 527 inpatients (≥70 years old) and 289 clinicians (53 physicians, 236 nurses). Trained research associates performed RRSDAs and determined delirium presence using the CAM. Clinicians administered the UB‐CAM using an iPad app. Disagreement factors considered were clinician, patient, and delirium characteristics. We report odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOne thousand seven hundred and ninety‐five clinician UB‐CAM assessments paired with RRSDAs were administered. The prevalence of delirium was 17%. The rate of disagreement between clinician UB‐CAM assessments and RRSDAs was 12%. Significant factors associated with disagreement between clinician UB‐CAM assessments and RRSDAs (OR [95% CI]) included: presence of dementia (2.7 [1.8–4.1]), patient education high school or less (1.9 [1.3–2.9]), psychomotor retardation (2.5 [1.4–4.2]), and the presence of mild delirium or subsyndromal delirium (5.5 [3.5–8.7]). Significant risk factors for false negatives were patient age less than 80 (2.2 [1.1–4.3]) and mild delirium (3.5 [1.6–7.4]). Significant risk factors for false positives were presence of dementia (4.0 [2.3–7.0]), subsyndromal delirium (5.1 [2.9–9.1]), and patient education high school or less (2.0 [1.2–3.6]). Clinician characteristics were not significantly associated with disagreement.ConclusionsThe strongest factors associated with disagreement between clinician UB‐CAM screens and RRSDAs were the presence of dementia and subsyndromal delirium as risk factors for false positives, and mild delirium and younger age as a risk factor for false negatives. These disagreement factors contrast with previous studies of risk factors for incorrect clinician delirium screening, and better align screening results with patient outcomes.
Older adults' lived experiences of physical rehabilitation for acquired brain injury and their perceptions of well‐being: A qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Lafiatoglou Panagiota , Ellis‐Hill Caroline , Gouva Mary , Ploumis Avraam , Mantzoukas Stefanos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of older adults (65+) living with acquired brain injury regarding their sense of well‐being during physical rehabilitation within the Greek Healthcare System.BackgroundWith the increasing ageing population and the life‐changing effects of acquired brain injury, there is a need to focus on care for older people and their potential to live well. Rehabilitation systems deserve greater attention, especially in improving the well‐being of those who are using them.DesignA qualitative study design with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used.MethodsFourteen older adults living with acquired brain injury and undergoing physical rehabilitation in Greece were purposively sampled. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to collect data and were thematically analysed using van Manen's and Clarke and Braun's methods. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsFour themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Challenges of new life situation, (2) Seeking emotional and practical support through social interaction, (3) Identifying contextual processes of rehabilitation, (4) Realising the new self.ConclusionsThe subjective experiences, intersubjective relations and contextual conditions influence the sense of well‐being among older adults living with acquired brain injury, thus impacting the realisation of their new self. The study makes the notion of well‐being a more tangible concept by relating it to the degree of adaptation to the new situation and the potential for older adults to create a future whilst living with acquired brain injury.Relevance for Clinical PracticeIdentifying the factors that impact older adults' sense of well‐being during rehabilitation can guide healthcare professionals in enhancing the quality of care offered and providing more dignified and humanising care.Patient or Public ContributionOlder adults living with acquired brain injury were involved in the study as participants providing the research data.
Transfusions in autoimmune hemolytic anemias: Frequency and clinical significance of alloimmunization
Authors: Versino Francesco , Revelli Nicoletta , Villa Stefania , Pettine Loredana , Zaninoni Anna , Prati Daniele , Passamonti Francesco , Barcellini Wilma , Fattizzo Bruno 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be associated with transfusion reactions and risk of alloimmunization.ObjectivesTo evaluate the transfusion policy and rate of alloimmunization and its clinical significance in AIHA.MethodsData from 305 AIHA patients followed at a reference hematologic Center in Milan, Italy from 1997 to 2022 were retrospectively/prospectively collected (NCT05931718).ResultsOverall, 33% patients required transfusions with a response rate of 83% and eight transfusion reactions (7%), none hemolytic. Alloantibodies were detected in 19% of patients, being associated with higher transfusion burden (p = 0.01), lower Hb increase post‐transfusion (p = 0.05), and transfusion reactions (p = 0.04). Along decades, the rate of RBC transfusions decreased from 53% to 20% and that of alloimmunization dropped from 30% to 6% likely due to the adoption of prestorage leukoreduction, the use of more restrictive Hb thresholds, and the implementation of molecular typing.ConclusionsSevere symptomatic AIHA may be safely transfused provided appropriate matching of patients and donors.
The emotional labour of judges in jury trials
Authors: BARRY COLETTE , WESTABY CHALEN , COEN MARK , HOWLIN NIAMH 
Published: November 2023

AbstractJudges are required to suppress and manage their own emotions as well as those of other court users and staff in their everyday work. Previous studies have examined the complex emotional labour undertaken by judges, but there is limited research on the emotion management performed by judges in their interactions with jurors. Drawing on a qualitative study of judge–jury relations in criminal trials in Ireland, we illustrate how judges learn and habituate emotional labour practices through informal and indirect processes. Judges described managing their emotions to demonstrate impartiality and objectivity. Their accounts also underline the importance of balancing presentations of neutrality with empathy, as well as being mindful of the potential emotional toll of jury service on jurors.
The AI‐augmented crowd: How human crowdvoters adopt AI (or not)
Authors: Freisinger Elena , Unfried Matthias , Schneider Sabrina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo date, innovation management research on idea evaluation has focused on human experts and crowd evaluators. With recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), idea evaluation and selection processes need to keep up. As a result, the potential role of AI‐enabled systems in idea evaluation has become an important topic in innovation management research and practice. While AI can help overcome human capacity constraints and biases, prior research has identified also aversive behaviors of humans toward AI. However, research has also shown lay people's appreciation of AI. This study focuses on human crowdvoters’ AI adoption behavior. More precisely, we focus on gig workers, who despite often lacking expert knowledge are frequently engaged in crowdvoting. To investigate crowdvoters' AI adoption behavior, we conducted a behavioral experimental study (n = 629) with incentive‐compatible rewards in a human‐AI augmentation scenario. The participants had to predict the success or failure of crowd‐generated ideas. In multiple rounds, participants could opt to delegate their decisions to an AI‐enabled system or to make their own evaluations. Our findings contribute to the innovation management literature on open innovation, more specifically crowdvoting, by observing how human crowdvoters engage with AI. In addition to showing that the lay status of gig workers does not lead to an appreciation of AI, we identify factors that foster AI adoption in this specific innovation context. We hereby find mixed support for influencing factors previously identified in other contexts, including financial incentives, social incentives, and the provision of information about AI‐enabled system's functionality. A second novel contribution of our empirical study is, however, the fading of crowdvoters’ aversive behavior over time.