bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance indicators for optimizing the process of constructing neural models of naval target classification systems
Authors: Пятакович В.А. , Василенко А.М. , Рычкова В.Ф. 
Published: December 2023

Оценка эффективности применения существующих нейросетевых моделей показала их недостаточную адаптацию к особенностям решения задачи классификации морских целей, что обосновывает построение новых специализированных нейромоделей систем классификации. Разнообразие нейросетевых структур приводит к необходимости автоматизации процесса их сравнения и анализа важнейших свойств нейромоделей. Наиболее широко используемыми критериями сравнения нейромоделей являются точность, характеризуемая ошибкой обучения и ошибкой распознавания тестовых данных, время и количество итераций затраченных на процесс обучения, время распознавания тестовых данных, число слоев и нейронов сети. Этот набор показателей отражает лишь небольшую часть свойств нейромоделей, поэтому авторами был предложен комплекс критериев характеризующих сложность структуры и поведения, избыточность памяти, логическую прозрачность и качество аппроксимации нейросетевых моделей.
An assessment of the effectiveness of using existing neural network models showed their insufficient adaptation to the peculiarities of solving the problem of classifying marine targets, which justifies the construction of new specialized neural models of classification systems. The variety of neural network structures leads to the need to automate the process of comparing them and analyzing the most important properties of neural models. The most widely used criteria for comparing neural models are accuracy, characterized by the training error and the test data recognition error, the time and number of iterations spent on the learning process, the test data recognition time, the number of layers and neurons of the network. This set of indicators reflects only a small part of the properties of neural models, so the authors proposed a set of criteria characterizing the complexity of structure and behavior, memory redundancy, logical transparency and quality of approximation of neural network models.
الآثار القانونية لوباء كورونا على الالتزامات التعاقدية
Authors: الجازوي د. سالمة فرج 
Published: December 2023

شمول وباء كورونا العالم بأرجائه كافة، وإلزامه الدول باتخاذ تدابير احترازية لتفادي تفشي العدوى به، قد أثر على جملة من الالتزامات التعاقدية، سواء على الصعيد الوطني أو على المستوى العالمي، حيث تكبد كثير من المتعاقدين خسائر فادحة، وذلك لعدم قدرتهم على الوفاء بالتزاماتهم التعاقدية، مما يتطلب دراسة الآثار القانونية المترتبة على عدم تنفيذ تلك العقود، عبر بيان التكييف القانوني لوباء كورونا وتحديد علاقته بالقوة الملزمة للعقد، والآثار المترتبة على انتشار مثل هذا الوباء على الالتزامات التعاقدية.
ألقى وباء كورونا الذي ضرب العالم بظلاله على الالتزامات التعاقدية، سواء بين الأفراد أو بين الشركات، فالأوبئة الصحية واقعة مادية صرفة، لها آثار سلبية واضحة، يمكن رصد ملامحها على العلاقات القانونية بصفة عامة، والعلاقات التعاقدية على وجه الخصوص، حيث تتصدع هذه العلاقات نتيجة ركود يصيب بعض القطاعات الاستثمارية، مما يجعل من المستحيل تنفيذ بعض الالتزامات أو يؤخّر تنفيذها.
ولا شك أن وباء كورونا قد أثر على المعاملات التجارية والعقود والالتزامات المالية والضريبية، الأمر الذي جعل عددا من المؤسسات والشركات العالمية، خاصة الصينية والأمريكية منها، المتخصصة في مجالات مختلفة، مثل صناعة السيارات والمواد النفطية والغازية، تدفع بوجود حالة القوة القاهرة، من أجل التحلل من التزاماتها التعاقدية تجاه زبائنها، وعدم أداء غرامات التأخير أو التعويض عن التأخير في التنفيذ أو عن استحالته. إذاً نحن أمام وضع صحي عالمي، يثير الكثير من التساؤلات والإشكالات ذات الأبعاد القانونية المهمة، الأمر الذي سيترتب عليه العديد من القضايا والخلافات بالمستقبل.
حصانة رئيس الدولة أمام القضاء الجنائي الأجنبي عقد ارتكاب جرائم دولية
Authors: الجهاني د.عبد الناصر السيد محمد 
Published: December 2023

من المسلم به أن رئيس الدولة يعتلي قمة السلطة في الدولة، في حين لا توجد فيه اتفاقية تولية واحدة تحدد الحصانات التي يتمتع بها رئيس الدولة على غرار اتفاقية فيينا بشأن العلاقات الدبلوماسية السنة الام التي تعدد صراحة الحصانات والامتيازات التي يتمتع بها سفراء ودبلوماسي الأول. على أية حال، من المتعارف عليه في الفقه الدولي والممارسات القضائية أن حصانات رئيس الدولة وامتيازاته يحكمها القانون الدولي العرقي، على سبيل المثال، من القواعد الدولية العربية الراسخة أن رئيس الدولة يتمتع بحصانة مماثلة كالتي يتمتع بها سفراء الدول، ومن ثم فهو يتمتع بحصانة من المحاكمة أمام القضاء الأجنبي عند ارتكاب جرائم جنائية عادية
على الجانب الآخر، هاك قاعدة دولية عرفية قد تبلورت بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية وبالتحديد عقب محاكمات نورمبرج وطوكيو مفادها إمكانية معاقبة مرتكبي الجرائم الدولية أمام محاكم دولية بغض النظر عن منهم الرسمية حتى لو كان مرتكب تلك الجريمة رئيس دولة ماء وقد تم ترسيخ هذه القاعدة عندما تم اللص عليها في المادة 27 من النظام الأساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية
هذا البحث بتناول إشكالية ما إذا كان رئيس الدولة يتمتع بحصانة أمام القضاء الجنائي الوطني الدولة الأجنبية عند ارتكابه جرائم دولية، حيث يرى البعض أن هذه الفرضية تتسم بعدم الوضوح، لاسيما وأن الممارسات الدولية و السوابق القضائية في هذا الجانب لا تتسم بالاستقرار والثبات في ظل عدم وجود قاعدة دولية اتفاقية تنظم هذا الموضوع ، 2
يرى الباحث في هذه المقالة أن رئيس الدولة يجب ألا يتمتع بأية نوع من الحصانة (سواء شخصية أو وظيفية) أمام القضاء الجنائي الأجنبي عد ارتكاب جرائم دولية، وذلك بسبب الطبيعة الأمرة التي تميز التزام الدولة بمنع الجرائم الدولية والمعاقية عليها، وكذلك تأكل القاعدة الدولية العرقية التي تحظر محاكمة رئيس الدولة أمام القضاء الجنائي الأجنبي عن ارتكاب جرائم دولية
Epidemiological and clinical profile of congenital malformations in Benghazi Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Alkarshoufi Yasmeenah S. H. , Greiw Azza E. H. , El Misallati Abd Alsalam 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The objectives were to assess the nature and the frequency of congenital malformations among infants and children who were admitted to Benghazi pediatric hospital and to study the associated maternal and neonatal risk factors.
Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study design was used for this study. It included infants and children aged (0-16 yrs.) who were admitted to Benghazi Children Hospital and who were following the genetic clinic, during the period of March 2016 to March 2017. These cases had dysmorphic features and multiple congenital malformations. A record sheet was used to collect the required data from cases. Results: The total number of patients was 81 children, 51.85% were females, 48.15% were males and infants represented 62%. Cases with a history of consanguineous marriage represented 28.40%. Equal proportions of mothers (1.23%) had a history of diabetes, epilepsy and cardiomyopathy. Nearly a quarter of cases, (24.69%) were low birth weight. Prevalence of congenital malformations (CMs) according to organs were; CVS (50.62%), musculoskeletal (44.44%), eye (24.7%), limb defect (17.3%), GIT (14.8%), ear (14.8%), CNS (11.11%), urogenital (external & internal)(11%), cleft lip & palate (9.9%) and Trisomy 21 syndrome (48.1%). Trisomy 21 syndrome have a high frequency of CHD compared to other syndromes; 67.9% had CHD, P=.01. Most cases (90%) died within the first year of life, p=.002. Twenty-six percent of the studied population died during the study period.
Conclusion: Most children with CMs and chromosomal abnormalities died within the first year of life. There is a limitation of screening tools, which could lead to imprecise genetic counseling. CM is a significant cause of morbidity and admission. The highest prevalence of CMs was CVS. Trisomy 21 syndrome was the most prevalent chromosomal abnormalities; these cases were at more risk to have CHD compared to other syndromes. There is a shortage of medical services, which applied as segmental services.
Refined saddlepoint approximations for the normalizing constant of the complex Bingham quart
Authors: Asaad M Asaad M. 
Published: December 2023

The complex Bingham quartic (CBQ) distribution is defined on the unit complex sphere in and it is relevant for the statistical shape analysis of a -point landmark data in 2D. This extended the Fisher distribution on the unit spherical shape space 2 (1/2). The complex Bingham quartic (CBQ) distribution provides suitable shape parameters to comprise anisotropy. Under high concentrations, it looks like a multivariate Gaussian normal distribution but the main drawback of this planar shape distribution is that its normalizing constant does not have a simple closed explicit form representation. The present paper provides a modified approximation procedure for the indeterminate normalizing constant of the CBQ distribution based on saddlepoint approximations with a change of variable scheme. The modified saddlepoint approximations under a change of variable seem more precise as compared with the saddlepoint approximation without a change of variable approach.
Effect of two luting resin cements on translucency and transparency of ceramic laminate veneer
Authors: Betamar Naeima , Bubteina Najat , Mohamed Rafa , Mohamed Saied 
Published: December 2023

Statement of problem: Different types of resin cements may harmfully affect the translucency and transparency of esthetic restorations particularly for thin ceramic laminate veneers.
Aim: To assess the effect of using two resin cements as luting agent on the transparency and translucency of laminate veneer prepared from IPS Empress ceramic.
Materials and methods: Two dual-cured resin cements systems from different manufacturers were used for this study (MetaCem and Totalcem). Fifteen samples of laminate veneers (LVs) were fabricated from IPS e.Max Empress using a ready-made mould to standardize the form and dimension of prepared samples, then the samples were divided into three groups (n=5). Group (Gp1) was e.Max veneer samples without luting cement (control group), and the other two groups (Gp2 and Gp3) were using two cements (test groups). The resin cement was prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions, and then a layer of luting agent was applied on the fitting surface of the veneer samples and cured by light. The translucency and transparency of all samples were evaluated using a spectrophotometer.
Results: e.Max veneers without luting cement (Gp1) showed slightly higher absolute translucency (76.8 ±3.3) than MetaCem samples (Gp2) (74.9±3.8), while veneers cemented with Totalcem (Gp3) displayed the lowest value (70.8±3.9). Statistically, found no significant difference between e.Max veneer (Gp1) and the two luting cements (Gp2 and Gp3) (P 0.066) in the absolute translucency. However, a significant difference between the tested groups in their relative translucency was detected (P .047). T-test showed no significant differences between the luting cements types (Gp2 and Gp3) in their absolute and relative translucency (P 0.134 and P 0.178 respectively).
Conclusions: The luting cement slightly affect the translucency of the veneer material, however, both cements found to be acceptable and no significant effect on the translucency and transparency of IPS e.Max Empress LVs.
Factors affecting the response of the premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome to the surfactant
Authors: Elsaiti Isaaida , Abdulmalek Lubna 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common problem in premature babies who born before 37 weeks of gestation. It occurs due to the lack of pulmonary surfactant, which is a phospho-lipoprotein produced by alveolar cells at the last stage of lung development. There are many risk factors of RDS among premature neonates including; born before the 28th week of gestation and Low birth weight.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the response of the premature neonates admitted in Benghazi pediatric hospital with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) to the surfactant therapy and factors affecting it. METHODS: The records of all respiratory distress premature neonates who admitted to the hospital during the year 2013, received surfactant (Survanta) 4 ml/kg under a sterile condition through special endotracheal tube and kept on a ventilator either continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or intermittent positive pulmonary ventilation (IPPV)were reviewed.
RESULTS: The total number of cases with RDS and received surfactant therapy were 38 cases. 63% of them were born before 34-week gestational age, 84% of the cases their birth weight were less than 2.0 kg. About 55% of the respiratory distress premature neonates respond to the surfactant therapy and cured. The most significant factors affected their response were gestational age, birth weight, complications during pregnancy and the type of assisted ventilator. CONCLUSION: The response of premature neonates with RDS to the surfactant therapy can be improved by treating the pregnancy complications and using a continuous positive airway pressure ventilator.
Magnetic field curvature and poloidal Calculations using single field MHD plasma in Tokamak systems
Authors: Alhasi Awad 
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the magnetic field curvature and the poloidal , for single fluid magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) plasma expressions are derived. To simplify the approach, we adhere to plasmas, with a circular cross-section. Thus we use the geometry of the torus, where is in the toroidal direction and is in the poloidal direction
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ КАК ПУБЛИЧНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ И МИРОВОЙ НАУКЕ
Authors: Замятин Константин Юрьевич 
Published: December 2023

В силу ряда исторических и структурных причин исследования языковой политики в России до сих пор полностью не выделились из социолингвистики и не стали предметом политической науки, как это изначально произошло при становлении междисциплинарного проекта исследований языковой политики в западной науке. Такое положение в исследованиях проявляется, например, в отсутствии в России соответствующих научных структур. В данной статье я сосредоточусь на анализе проблемы междисциплинарности в теориях языковой политики в мировой и российской науке, чтобы понять характер взаимодействия практики языковой политики и ее исследований в стране. Я утверждаю, что в текущей ситуации именно нерешенность проблемы междисциплинарности предопределяет ограниченность влияния российской прикладной науки на собственно практику языковой политики. Ограниченное влияние науки, в свою очередь, выражается в отсутствии институциализации языковой политики в качестве отдельного направления государственной политики и отдельной отрасли государственного управления. В условиях высокой неопределенности включение подходов публичной политики имеет решающее значение для успеха междисциплинарных исследовательских проектов по изучению языковой политики, поскольку они позволяют учитывать переменные, вытекающие из случайности и непредсказуемости политической жизни.
ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИКИ: СССР, РОССИЯ
Authors: Михальченко Вида Юозовна 
Published: December 2023

В статье анализируются три этапа развития социолингвистики в СССР и позже в России. Автор изучает особенности формирования каждого из трех обозначенных периодов развития науки. Рассматриваются важные изменения, произошедшие в статусе социальной лингвистики за исследуемый период. Исследуются особенности формирования социолингвистики как междисциплинарной науки. В первом этапе (1920–1930) социальная лингвистика зарождалась при решении конкретных практических проблем языкового строительства отдельных языков, например, выбор основы письменности, диалекта при создании письменностей для ранее бесписьменных языков. Анализ второго этапа (1960–1980) посвящен становлению социолингвистики как междисциплинарной лингвистической науки, а также освещению роли всемирно известного ученого профессора Юнуса Дешериевича Дешериева в руководстве научно-организационной деятельностью и в собственно научной работе по социолингвистике в СССР, а позже в России. Автор отмечает, что и в третьем периоде развития отечественной социолингвистики (1990-е – по настоящее время) сохраняются основные идеи Ю.Д. Дешериева и светлая память о нем людей, работавших под руководством большого ученого. Подчеркивается сохраняющаяся актуальность идей Ю.Д. Дешериева для современной социальной лингвистики.
Optimizing the Cleanliness Management of Coastal Lodgings and Homestays
Authors: Zulkifli Andi Ade 
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the optimization of cleaners in providing cleaning services which so far is still based on the experience of managers when cleaning their own houses without being equipped with an understanding of the cleanliness standards of inns and homestays. This is feared to affect guest satisfaction while on Panrang Luhu Beach, so many visitors no longer want to return to the tourist attraction. This study focuses on the hygiene management standards of inns and homestays in the coastal area of Panrang Luhu, Bulukumba Regency and skills in cleaning inns and homestays on the coast of Panrang Luhu, Bulukumba Regency. The author refers to the descriptive research method, which is to provide an accurate picture of a phenomenon by collecting data and analyzing it descriptively, focusing on the hygiene management standards of inns and homestays in the coastal area of Panrang Luhu, Bulukumba Regency and skills in cleaning inns and homestays on the coast of Panrang Luhu, Bulukumba Regency.
Kars’ta Rum Nüfusu (1878-1920)
Authors: KIYANÇ Sinan 
Published: December 2023

Bu araştırmada 1878-1920 yılları arasında Kars’ta Rum nüfusu ele alınmaktadır. Kars’ta ilk Rum yerleşimi 1865 öncesine dayanmasına karşın topluluğun yoğun olarak gelmesi, 1877-1878 Osmanlı Rus Harbi’nde (93 Harbi) kentin Çarlık Rusya işgaline girmesi ile başlamıştır. Çarlık Rusya yaklaşık kırk yıl süren işgal süresince kentten göç ettirdiği Müslümanlar yerine kendine sadık toplulukları yerleştirmiştir. Bu kapsamda Anadolu’dan ve Kafkasya’dan Rumlar kente göç ettirilmiştir. Rumların farklı coğrafyalardan olması aralarında bir ayrımı da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu ayrım topluluk arasında sürekli olarak kendini hissettirmiştir.
Kars’a göç eden Rumların büyük kısmı çiftçi olduğundan köylere yerleştirilmişlerdir. Tarım ve hayvancılıkla uğraşan Rumlar, kendileri ile beraber getirdikleri keçi ırkının farklı topluluklar tarafından da yetiştirilmesini sağlamışlardır. Çiftçiliğin yanı sıra taş ustası olan Rumlar ise kentin imaret faaliyetlerinde çalışmak üzere kent merkezine yerleştirilmiştir. Ortodoks inancının yaygınlaştırılması için desteklenen Rum din adamları ise kent merkezinde olduğu gibi köylerde de etkin bir şekilde faaliyet yürütmüşlerdir. Yoğun olarak köylerde yaşayan Rumlar, kentten ayrılmadan hemen önce yaşanan siyasi gelişmelerde aktif rol oynamışlardır. Balkan Savaşları’na kadar Müslümanlar ile iyi ilişkiler kuran topluluk, onlarla kültürel etkileşim içinde bulunmuştur. Balkan Savaşları’nda Yunanistan için Rus yönetiminin desteğiyle yardım toplamışlardır. Türklerin bu duruma tepki göstermesi o güne kadar büyük oranda iyi şekilde sürdürülen ilişkileri bozmuştur. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın gergin ortamında ilişkiler iyice bozulmuştur. Bolşevik İhtilali sonrasında yaşanan siyasi boşlukta Rumların bir kısmı çete faaliyetleri yürütmüşlerdir. Kentin yeniden Osmanlı Devleti himayesine girmesi ile kentten ayrılan Rumlar, Tiflis ve Batum’a; oradan da bir kısmı Yunanistan’a göç etmiştir.
Araştırmada Rumların, Kars’ın Çarlık Rusya’nın işgal yıllarında en kalabalık topluluklardan birisi olduğu, kente göç etmeleri, sosyoekonomik durumları, siyasal gelişmeler karşısında tavırları, kentte bıraktıkları izler ve kentten ayrılmaları birinci el kaynaklar başta olmak üzere araştırma eserleri çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.
The Effectiveness of a Medical Cocktail Therapy for Nonhealing Refractory Ischemic Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Sureshkumar Pichakacheri , Kumar Sidharth S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Healing of ischemic or neuroischemic foot ulcers is most challenging as conventional therapies often fail to achieve adequate vascularity. Heel ulcers can be very severe and strenuous to treat and can eventually lead to amputation of the limb due to poor vascularity. Optimizing therapies to improve vascularity should, therefore, be a major goal in treating such cases. Here, we report two cases of chronic nonhealing ischemic ulcers of the heel. Patients approached us after conventional medical treatments failed to achieve healing. We treated them with a cocktail (Diabcare protocol) that we formulated using existing medications along with appropriate wound care and antibiotics. Diabcare protocol comprises rosuvastatin, aspirin, rivaroxaban, cilostazol, tadalafil, and zinc sulfate. Serial measurements of ulcers revealed progressive healing and wound contraction. Vascularity improved significantly, and fresh granulation appeared within days to weeks of initiation of therapy. Ulcers healed completely, with spontaneous epithelialization in the first case and after a split skin graft (SSG) in the second case, within a mean period of 3 months.
Advancements in Insulin Delivery Technology: A Journey of Evolution
Authors: Joshi Shashank R. , Kesavadev Jothydev , Saboo Banshi , Parikh Rakesh , Chawla Manoj , Gupta Amit , Bhartia Mithun , Shankar Arun , Basanth Anjana , Krishnan Gopika 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Insulin plays a crucial role in the treatment of individuals with both type 1 diabetes mellitus and the majority of those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, obstacles such as injection-related discomfort and financial limitations can impede the initiation of treatment and adherence to it. To overcome these challenges and improve patient outcomes, advancements in insulin delivery technologies have been made. This review article explores the evolution of insulin delivery devices from syringes to pens, pumps, sensor-augmented pumps (SAPs), and hybrid closed-loop systems. Insulin pens offer improved convenience, accuracy, and patient satisfaction compared to traditional syringes. Insulin pumps deliver continuous basal insulin doses and variable bolus doses, leading to better glycemic control, although they come with technical and cost limitations. SAP therapy combines continuous glucose monitoring with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion resulting in significant benefits in glycemic control. The development of artificial pancreas systems has further automated glycemic control. Moreover, the emergence of open-source automated insulin delivery systems has empowered individuals to build their own closed-loop systems, providing clinical benefits and reducing the burden of self-management.
Genetic Polymorphism of 38 Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeats in Beijing Han Population from China
Authors: Liu Yan , Jiang Chengtao , Zhao Dong , Zhang Jinpei , Wu Libin , Lu Di , Yuan Li 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate 38 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) genetic polymorphisms in Beijing Han and analyze the genetic distance with neighboring or linguistically similar populations.

Materials and Methods:
In the study, we selected 531 unrelated male individuals of Beijing Han, and the results were statistically analyzed by testing with GSTAR™ 41Y reagents.

Results:
The allele peak heights were balanced among the Y loci, the amplified fragment ranged from 100 to 500 bps. A total of 531 haplotypes were detected in 531 samples. Eight null genotypes were observed on locus DYS448. One and three double alleles were observed on single-copy locus DYS576 and DYS19, respectively. DYS385 a/b, DYF387S1 a/b, and DYS527 a/b were more common in double copies, but 3, 13, and 11 triple alleles were detected, respectively. The gene diversity values of Y-STRs except DYS391, DYS438, and DYS645 were >0.5. Twenty-seven Y-STRs of Beijing Han population were selected for genetic distance comparison with 17 populations including Changchun Han, with Rst values ranging from 0.0002 to 0.1703.

Conclusion:
The 38 Y-STRs in this study have strong male lineage identification ability and have great potential for individual identification, kinship identification, Y-STR database construction, and genetic relationship research.