bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Locally Delivered Minocycline Microspheres on Markers of Bone Resorption
Authors: Oringer R.J. , Al‐Shammari K.F. , Aldredge W.A. , Iacono V.J. , Eber R.M. , Wang H.L. , Berwald B. , Nejat R. , Giannobile W.V. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers associated with bone resorption may be useful to determine periodontal disease status and response to therapy. The pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), a bone‐specific degradation product, and interleukin 1‐beta (IL‐1), a potent bone‐resorptive cytokine, have both been associated with periodontal disease activity. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative possessing antimicrobial effects on periodontal pathogens and inhibitory properties on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) associated with tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment in the form of scaling and root planing (SRP) and locally administered minocycline microspheres on the GCF levels of ICTP and IL‐1.Methods: Forty‐eight chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups (SRP plus subgingival application of vehicle control [SRP + V], or SRP plus subgingival application of minocycline microspheres [SRP + M]) and monitored at 8 sites per subject at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months. Four shallow (PD ≤3 mm) and 4 deep (PD ≥5 mm) sites were evaluated for both marker levels and for probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Eight periodontally healthy control subjects with no probing depths >3 mm and no loss of attachment were also monitored at the same time intervals. GCF levels of ICTP and IL‐1 were determined using radioimmunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively.Results: Significant differences (P <0.001) in GCF levels of ICTP and IL‐1 were found between deep and shallow sites at all time points in both treatment groups. In addition, healthy subjects demonstrated significantly reduced levels of both markers compared to both shallow and deep sites in periodontitis patients (P <0.001). Only the SRP + M treated patients exhibited significant reductions (P <0.05) in both ICTP and IL‐1 levels 1 month after treatment. Furthermore, the SRP + M group demonstrated significantly lower IL‐1 levels (P <0.02) at 1 month compared to the SRP + V group.Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that GCF levels of ICTP and IL‐1 correlate with clinical measures of periodontal disease and may aid in assessing disease status and response to periodontal therapy. Furthermore, local administration of minocycline microspheres led to a potent short‐term reduction in GCF IL‐1 levels. Additional studies are needed to address whether repeated administration of scaling and root planing along with minocycline microspheres will achieve long‐term reductions in GCF ICTP and IL‐1 levels. J Periodontol 2002;73:835‐842.
Evaluation of the Titanium Ti‐6Al‐7Nb Alloy With and Without Plasma‐Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating on Growth and Viability of Cultured Osteoblast‐Like Cells
Authors: Lavos‐Valereto Ivone de C. , Deboni Maria Cristina Z. , Azambuja Nilton , Marques Márcia M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Osseointegrated dental implants are currently recognized as a standard treatment method in dentistry. Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are the metals of choice for endosseous parts of currently available dental implants. Ti‐6Al‐4V is the most used Ti alloy, however; an improved version, Ti‐6Al‐7Nb, has been recently developed.Methods: Rat osteoblast‐like cells (osteo‐1 culture) were used to analyze the biocompatibility of Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy with and without hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. The cells were grown on culture Petri dishes on the top of either plain Ti‐6Al‐7Nb or HAcoated Ti‐6Al‐7Nb disks. Osteo‐1 cells grown on plain culture dishes were used as controls. Growth and cell viability curves were obtained by scanning electron microscopy. For the growth and viability curves, 104 cells were seeded on 35 mm dishes. Cells from each group were counted, in triplicate at 3, 7, 11, and 15 days after seeding using the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay.Results: The cells grew as multiple layers on both Ti‐6Al‐7Nb substrates, showing extracellular matrix only when grown on HA‐coated Ti‐6Al‐7Nb disks. The cells grown on HA‐coated Ti‐6Al‐7Nb grew more slowly than the other 2 groups, with significantly smaller cell numbers than control cultures at the end of the experimental time. Additionally, the HA coated Ti‐6Al‐7Nb group presented smaller percentage of cell viability when compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the Ti groups.Conclusions: The presence of HA on the Ti‐6Al‐7Nb surface impaired the cell growth and viability of osteo‐1 cells. However, this coating improved the extracellular matrix formation. Thus, our cell viability and structural studies showed that Ti‐6Al‐7Nb with or without HA coating has relevant physical and biological properties as an implant material. J Periodontol 2002;73:900‐905.
Recurrent Recalcitrant Gingival Hyperplasia and Plasminogen Deficiency: A Case Report
Authors: Suresh Lakshmanan , Aguirre Alfredo , Kumar Vijay , Solomon Lynn W. , Sielski Edward A. , Neiders Mirdza E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recurrent gingival hyperplasia due to plasminogen deficiency is a rare condition due to fibrin deposition in the connective tissue. Only eight cases have previously been reported in the English literature, and all cases were diagnosed before the age of 35 years. This paper presents an older patient with recurrent gingival hyperplasia due to plasminogen deficiency (hypoplasminogenemia).Methods: A 59‐year‐old woman presented with recurrent gingival swelling of 6 years' duration. Multiple biopsies performed at various time periods were histologically reported to be gingival hyperplasia with chronic inflammation. Routine hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and direct immunofluorescence were performed.Results: H & E‐stained sections showed subepithelial, eosinophilic, amorphous, acellular deposits. Direct immunofluorescence showed positive staining for fibrin, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and IgM. Functional plasminogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 assays were done and found to be deficient. A diagnosis of gingival hyperplasia due to plasminogen deficiency (hypoplasminogenemia) was rendered.Conclusions: Recurrent gingival hyperplasia due to plasminogen deficiency (hypoplasminogenemia) is a newly recognized and rare condition. H&E staining, direct immunofluorescence, and assessment of functional plasminogen levels are essential to differentiate this condition from other conditions in which subepithelial, eosinophilic, amorphous materials are deposited. J Periodontol 2003;74:1508‐1513.
Cyclosporin A Induces Proliferation in Human Gingival Fibroblasts via Induction of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1
Authors: Cotrim P. , Martelli‐Junior H. , Graner E. , Sauk J.J. , Coletta R.D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressant that causes significant side effects including gingival overgrowth. The pathogenesis of this condition is not fully understood; however, recent studies show that CsA regulates the transcription of several cytokines including transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1). In this study, we evaluated the effects of CsA and TGF‐β1 on human normal gingival (NG) fibroblast proliferation, and explored a possible autocrine stimulation of TGF‐β1 as a cellular regulator of proliferation induced by CsA in NG fibroblasts.Methods: NG fibroblast cell lines were incubated with increasing concentrations of CsA or TGF‐β1 and the proliferation index determined by automatic cell counting, BrdU incorporation, PCNA expression, and mitotic potential. To determine the effect of TGF‐β1 on the proliferation rate of NG fibroblasts under CsA treatment, NG fibroblast cultures were simultaneously treated with CsA and antisense oligonucleotides against the translation‐start site of the TGF‐β1 mRNA.Results: Treatment of NG fibroblasts with CsA or TGF‐β1 significantly stimulated the cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, neutralization of TGF‐β1 production in CsA‐treated NG fibroblasts inhibited CsA's effect on NG fibroblast proliferation, demonstrating an autocrine stimulatory effect of TGF‐β1 in CsA‐treated NG fibroblast proliferation.Conclusion: The results presented here suggest that CsA stimulatory induction of NG fibroblast proliferation is mediated via TGF‐β1 in an autocrine fashion. J Periodontol 2003;74:1625‐1633.
In Vivo Effectiveness of a Glycerol‐Compounded Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Xenograft in the Rat Calvarium
Authors: Matzenbacher Scott A. , Mailhot Jason M. , McPherson James C. , Cuenin Michael F. , Hokett Steven D. , Sharawy Mohamed , Peacock Mark E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Demineralized freeze‐dried bone (DFDB) is commonly hydrated with sterile water into a paste‐like consistency for improved clinical handling or reconstituted with biodegradable barriers, such as glycerol, to promote handling and wound stability following human periodontal surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effects of glycerol‐compounded human DFDB on bone formation in the rat calvarial critical‐sized defect (CSD) model.Methods: Forty‐eight adult male Harland Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned to one of four treatment groups: glycerol, DFDB, DFDB plus glycerol, or a non‐grafted control, and placed into 8 mm calvarial CSDs. DFDB (particle size 0.106 to 0.5 mm), glycerol, and their combination were from identical sources. Calvaria were harvested at 8 weeks postsurgery and evaluated histomorphometrically.Results: A statistically significant increased percentage of total bone fill was detected in the glycerol plus DFDB group and DFDB group as compared to glycerol group or the control. However, no significant difference was noted between the DFDB plus glycerol group and the DFDB group.Conclusion: The addition of glycerol to DFDB results in comparable osseous regeneration in the rat calvarium defect model versus DFDB alone; however, based upon clinical judgment, handling characteristics of DFDB were greatly improved. J Periodontol 2003;74:1641‐1646.
Attachment of Periodontal Ligament Cells to Chlorhexidine‐Loaded Guided Tissue Regeneration Membranes
Authors: Chen Yen‐Ting , Hung Shan‐Ling , Lin Li‐Wen , Chi Lin‐Yang , Ling Li‐Jane 
Published: February 2005

Background: Early exposure of a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane in the oral cavity results in bacterial contamination, which may lead to failure or incomplete regeneration. Incorporation of antimicrobial agents in GTR membranes may be valuable to control membrane‐associated infection during GTR therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the incorporation of chlorhexidine into various GTR membranes improves the attachment of periodontal ligament cells in the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.Methods: The possible effects of chlorhexidine on the viability of primary human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were determined using 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), which measures cellular metabolic activity. An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane, glycolide fiber membrane, and collagen membrane were loaded with chlorhexidine and characterized. Attachment of PDL cells to the chlorhexidine‐loaded membranes with or without A. actinomycetemcomitans was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.Results: Relative cellular viability of PDL cells was reduced to approximately 50% when 15 µg/ml (0.0015%) of chlorhexidine was used. Chlorhexidine released from the coated GTR membranes inhibited the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans. At the concentration used in this study, chlorhexidine incorporated into the GTR membranes did not interfere with the attachment of PDL cells. The inhibitory effects of A. actinomycetemcomitans on cellular attachment were reduced using chlorhexidine‐loaded membranes, including ePTFE, glycolide fiber, and collagen membranes.Conclusions: These results suggest that incorporation of chlorhexidine into GTR membranes is beneficial in reducing bacterial effects on cellular attachment. The future application of chlorhexidine‐loaded membranes during GTR therapy may be of value. J Periodontol 2003;74:1652‐1659.
Oral Kaposi Sarcoma Associated with Severe Alveolar Bone Loss: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lausten Leonard L. , Ferguson Brett L. , Barker Bruce F. , Cobb Charles M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: In AIDS patients who present with an oral neoplasm, Kaposi sarcoma is the tumor most frequently encountered, comprising 50% to 80% of all tumor occurrences. However, oral Kaposi sarcoma associated with erosion of underlying bone is a relatively rare finding. This report and review of the literature documents a case of AIDS‐related oral Kaposi sarcoma exhibiting severe bilateral erosion of the maxillary alveolar ridges.Methods: An HIV‐seropositive male with extensive maxillary Kaposi sarcoma and associated bilateral alveolar bone erosion presented for dental evaluation subsequent to radiation therapy. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. Medical and dental histories were procured and supplemented with consultations from the patient's primary physician and radiation oncologist. Maxillary edentulation with surgical revision for primary closure was the treatment of choice for management of the dentoalveolar pathology. A maxillary immediate treatment denture was designed to obturate anticipated antral communications with the maxillary sinus.Results: Surgical and prosthetic treatments were completed, but complicated by an oral‐antral perforation that subsequently healed without complication. Soft tissue biopsies obtained during surgery revealed no evidence of residual Kaposi sarcoma.Conclusions: Although AIDS‐related oral Kaposi sarcoma is a relatively common finding, erosion of subjacent alveolar bone is uncommon. Treatment of the tumor with subsequent dental reconstruction can be complicated by the severe lack of bone, surgical perforation of the maxillary sinus, and lack of stable teeth to serve as abutments. Significant advances in understanding the pathogenesis of AIDS‐related Kaposi sarcoma have occurred in the last decade. HHV‐8 and various inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis and are likely to become the primary targets for therapeutic intervention. J Periodontol 2003;74:1668‐1675.
Alveolar Bone Response in an Experimental Model of Renal Failure and Periodontal Disease: A Histomorphometric and Histochemical Study
Authors: Mandalunis Patricia M. , Steimetz Tammy , Castiglione Jorge L. , Ubios Angela M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Chronic destructive periodontal disease is characterized by gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket formation, and bacterial plaque that lead to alveolar bone destruction. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs) are the first line of defense against infection caused by dental plaque bacteria. Renal patients present functional abnormalities of PMN, including impaired chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing of bacteria. In view of the above, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of renal failure on bone damaged by periodontal disease using histomorphometric and histochemical parameters.Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats weighing 250 g were assigned to one of the following four groups: 1) control (no treatment); 2) renal failure (RF); 3) periodontal disease (PD); and 4) renal failure plus periodontal disease (RF+PD). All the animals were sacrificed 31 days after the onset of the experiment. Mesio‐distally oriented sections of the first lower molar were obtained for histomorphometric and histochemical evaluation.Results: Total erosion, active erosion, and total number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts were found to be increased in the RF+PD group compared with the PD group.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate increased bone resorption in animals with untreated renal failure and periodontal disease, and thus indicate that the release of different factors by inflammatory cells is magnified, accelerating the progression of the disease in this animal model. J Periodontol 2003;74:1803‐1807.
Aspartate Aminotransferase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Orthodontic Treatment. A Controlled Short‐Term Longitudinal Study
Authors: Perinetti Giuseppe , Paolantonio Michele , D'Attilio Michele , D'Archivio Domenico , Dolci Marco , Femminella Beatrice , Festa Felice , Spoto Giuseppe 
Published: February 2005

Background: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress involves an acute inflammatory response, with a sequence characterized by periods of activation, resorption, reversal, and formation in both tension and compression sites. This study used a longitudinal design to examine aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in order to assess whether AST in GCF has potential as a possible diagnostic aid to monitor tooth movement and tissue response during orthodontic treatment.Methods: Eighteen patients (mean age, 16.1 years) participated in the study. An upper first molar from each patient undergoing treatment for distal movement served as the test tooth (TT), with its contralateral (CC) and antagonist (AC) first molars used as controls. The CC was included in the orthodontic appliance, but was not subjected to the orthodontic force; the AC was free from any orthodontic appliance. The GCF around the experimental teeth was collected from both mesial and distal tooth sites immediately before appliance activation, 1 hour after, and weekly over the following 4 weeks. Clinical gingival condition was evaluated at baseline and at the end of the experimental period. AST activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 30°C, and the results were expressed as total AST activity (mU/sample).Results: Throughout the experiment, AST levels were significantly elevated in all sites from the TT and CC groups compared to the AC group where, conversely, AST activity remained at the baseline level. However, enzyme levels in the TT group were significantly greater than in the CCs at tension sites on day 14, and in compression sites on days 7 and 14. Moreover, AST activity from the TT group was significantly greater in compression sites than in tension sites on day 7; this was not observed for the CCs.Conclusions: Our results suggest that AST levels in GCF reflect the biological activity which occurs in the periodontium during controlled occlusal trauma and, therefore, should be further evaluated as a diagnostic tool for monitoring correct orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice. J Periodontol 2003;74:145‐152.
Histologic Evaluation of Human Intrabony Defects Following Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy With and Without Application of an Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative
Authors: Sculean Anton , Windisch Péter , Keglevich Tibor , Gera István 
Published: February 2005

Background: Surgical periodontal treatment with enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) has been shown to promote periodontal regeneration. However, it is not known whether nonsurgical periodontal therapy with additional subgingival application of EMD may also enhance periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this study was to clinically and histologically evaluate healing of human intrabony defects following non‐surgical periodontal treatment with and without application of EMD.Methods: Sixteen patients, each of whom displayed one advanced intrabony defect around teeth or roots scheduled for extraction, were included in the study. The defects were treated as follows: 1) scaling and root planing with hand instruments and application of EMD; 2) scaling with an ultrasonic instrument and application of EMD; or 3) scaling with an ultrasonic instrument alone. Healing was uneventful in all cases. Six months after surgery, the teeth or roots were extracted together with some of their surrounding soft and hard tissues and processed for histologic evaluation.Results: Clinical examination revealed a probing depth reduction and a gain of clinical attachment after all 3 treatment modalities. The histological evaluation, however, revealed that healing in all 3 procedures was predominantly characterized by formation of a long junctional epithelium along the instrumented root surface and no predictable regeneration of attachment apparatus.Conclusion: Within its limits, the present study failed to show periodontal regeneration in advanced human intrabony defects following non‐surgical treatment with subgingival application of EMD. J Periodontol 2003;74:153‐160.
Comparison of 2 Commercially Available Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses
Authors: Keijser Jan A.M. , Verkade Herman , Timmerman Mark F. , Van der Weijden Fridus A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: It has been shown that lowering the concentration of chlorhexidine (CHX) in mouthrinses from 0.2% to 0.12% does not adversely affect inhibition of plaque accumulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of plaque growth by 2 commercially available mouthrinses used according to the manufacturers’ instructions, one with a 30‐second and one with a 60‐second rinsing time.Methods: The clinical investigation was a single‐blind, randomized study involving 80 volunteers (40 female, 40 male; mean age 25.7 years). At the start of the trial, all participants received a dental prophylaxis to remove all plaque deposits. Subjects refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene procedures, but rinsed twice a day with the allocated CHX mouthrinse over a period of 72 hours. The chlorhexidine preparations compared were a 0.12% concentration used at a 15 ml dose for a rinsing time of 30 seconds and a 0.2% concentration used at a dose of 10 ml for 60 seconds. After 72 hours, the plaque index (PI) from all volunteers was recorded at 6 sites per tooth. All participants received a questionnaire to evaluate their perception of the mouthrinses.Results: After 72 hours, the 15 ml/30 second/0.12% CHX group had a mean whole mouth PI of 1.65 (SD 0.31) compared with a mean PI of 1.60 (SD 0.40) for the 10 ml/60 second/0.2% CHX group. The difference in plaque scores between the groups was not statistically significant. Results from the questionnaire showed no significant difference between the groups for taste perception, duration of taste, alteration in taste, or perceived plaque reduction; however, the panelists preferred the shorter rinsing time of 30 seconds and, for this parameter, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.048).Conclusions: The results of this short‐term study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between both commercially available CHX mouthrinses with respect to plaque inhibition, although both differed in concentration and rinsing time. The subject preference phase of the study indicated that the shorter rinsing time of 30 seconds was favored. J Periodontol 2003;74:214‐218.