bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation and validation of effective thermal conductivity model of coal‐rock mass with rough capillary pore structure under CT three‐dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Hongbin , Tu Shihao , Liu Xun , Miao Kaijun , Li Wenlong , Tang Long , Ma Jieyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOn the strength of the capillary physical equivalent model and heat transfer law of series‐parallel combined structural unit, the calculation model of effective thermal conductivity of coal‐rock mass is obtained. The model considers the effect of roughness, porosity factor and other factors on effective thermal conductivity. CT digital core technology is applied to reconstruct the 3D model of coal‐rock mass, and one‐way heat transfer numerical simulation is carried out according to the model. It indicates that the internal temperature of coal‐rock mass is non‐uniformly distributed under the influence of pore structure, and the isothermal surface of pore region bulges towards the boundary of heat flux. Comparing the calculated and simulated values under the same conditions, the average error percentage of the theoretical calculation model is 6.95%, and the model has outstanding prediction performance in porous media with medium porosity and regular pore distribution, which provides a reference for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of coal‐rock mass.
Clinical outcomes associated with blenderized tube feedings in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Schultz Erin R. , Kim Yeonsoo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNearly half a million individuals in the United States are dependent on enteral nutrition to meet their nutrition needs. Public interest in blenderized tube feeding (BTF) has increased over the past decade; however, medical professionals indicate a lack of knowledge about these products and their effects. The purpose of this review is to analyze clinical outcomes in adults who use a BTF formula as their primary nutrition source. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL using search terms “adult,” “enteral nutrition,” “tube feeding,” “BTF,” blenderized,” “blended,” “homemade,” and “pureed.” Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in the review. Under close monitoring, BTF does not pose a higher risk for deterioration in anthropometric measurements. Furthermore, BTF use is consistently associated with improvements in diarrhea. As such, clinicians should consider the use of these formulas in the acute care or rehabilitation settings. Additional research is needed in patients with diverse clinical backgrounds in free‐living communities. Larger populations sizes and longer intervention time frames are crucial to providing statistically significant results needed to strengthen the quality of evidence on this topic.
Life‐course adiposity and severe liver disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Wu Zhiyu , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Sun Dianjianyi , Pei Pei , Yang Ling , Millwood Iona Y. , Walters Robin , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Yuan Mingqiang , Schmidt Dan , Barnard Maxim , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Pang Yuanjie ,   The China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThere is little evidence on the genetic associations between life‐course adiposity (including birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI) and severe liver disease (SLD; including cirrhosis and liver cancer). The current study aimed to examine and contrast these associations.MethodsGenetic variants were obtained from genome‐wide association studies. Two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to assess the genetic associations of life‐course adiposity with SLD and liver biomarkers. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for SLD associated with genetic risk scores of life‐course adiposity and adulthood weight change in the China Kadoorie Biobank.ResultsIn observational analyses, genetic predispositions to childhood adiposity and adulthood adiposity were each associated with SLD. There was a U‐shaped association between adulthood weight change and risk of SLD. In meta‐analyses of MR results, genetically predicted 1‐standard deviation increase in birth weight was inversely associated with SLD at a marginal significance (odds ratio: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.65–1.00]), whereas genetically predicted 1‐standard deviation higher childhood BMI and adulthood BMI were positively associated with SLD (odds ratio: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.05–1.55] and 1.79 [95% CI: 1.59–2.01], respectively). The results of liver biomarkers mirrored those of SLD.ConclusionsThe current study provided genetic evidence on the associations between life‐course adiposity and SLD.
Impact of housing temperature on adipose tissue HDAC9 expression and adipogenic differentiation in high fat‐fed mice
Authors: Ahmadieh Samah , Goo Brandee , Zarzour Abdalrahman , Kim David , Shi Hong , Veerapaneni Praneet , Chouhaita Ronnie , Yiew Nicole K. H. , Dominguez Gonzalez Carla , Chakravartty Akash , Pennoyer James , Hassan Nazeera , Benson Tyler W. , Ogbi Mourad , Fulton David J. , Lee Richard , Rice Robert D. , Hilton Lisa R. , Lei Yun , Lu Xin‐Yun , Chen Weiqin , Kim Ha Won , Weintraub Neal L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveImpaired adipogenic differentiation exacerbates metabolic disease in obesity. This study reported that high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice housed at thermoneutrality exhibited impaired adipogenic differentiation, attributed to increased expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9). However, the impact of HFD on adipogenic differentiation is reportedly variable, possibly reflecting divergent environmental conditions such as housing temperature.MethodsC57BL/6J (wild‐type [WT]) mice were housed at either thermoneutral (28–30°C) or ambient (20–22°C) temperature and fed HFD or chow diet (CD) for 12 weeks. For acute exposure experiments, WT or transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) knockout mice housed under thermoneutrality were acutely exposed to ambient temperature for 6 to 24 h.ResultsWT mice fed HFD and housed at thermoneutrality, compared with ambient temperature, gained more weight despite reduced food intake. They likewise exhibited increased inguinal adipose tissue HDAC9 expression and reduced adipogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo compared with CD‐fed mice. Conversely, HFD‐fed mice housed at ambient temperature exhibited minimal change in adipose HDAC9 expression or adipogenic differentiation. Acute exposure of WT mice to ambient temperature reduced adipose HDAC9 expression independent of sympathetic β‐adrenergic signaling via a TRPM8‐dependent mechanism.ConclusionsAdipose HDAC9 expression is temperature sensitive, regulating adipogenic differentiation in HFD‐fed mice housed under thermoneutrality.
Long‐Term Outcomes in Patients With Trisomy 21 and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Shankar Somya , Moroco Annie E. , Elliott Zachary T. , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand the long‐term health implications of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on patients with Trisomy 21 (T21) and the role of sleep surgery as a therapeutic intervention.Study DesignRetrospective large database review.SettingThe prevalence of OSA is as high as 75% in patients with T21. We sought to examine the cardiovascular, neurological, and endocrinological outcomes of patients with T21 10 years after their diagnosis of OSA.MethodsTriNetX, an electronic medical record database, was queried for health outcomes in patients with T21 after diagnosis of OSA. The group was further analyzed to identify those who underwent sleep surgery, including hypoglossal nerve stimulation, palatopharyngoplasty, or adenotonsillectomy.ResultsTen years after diagnosis, patients with OSA and T21 had a significantly higher incidence of death, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer's disease compared to patients with T21 alone. Patients with OSA and T21 who underwent sleep surgery had significantly reduced incidence of adverse health outcomes compared to patients using continuous positive airway pressure.ConclusionOur findings suggest that patients with T21 and OSA are at higher risk of poor health outcomes, which may require closer monitoring for earlier diagnosis and management of comorbid conditions. Sleep surgery is a suitable treatment modality for mitigating the risk of adverse outcomes in this population and should be considered in patients who are eligible surgical candidates.
Modeling the finite viscoelasticity of human brain tissue based on microstructural information
Authors: Reiter Nina , Schäfer Anne‐Mareike , Auer Sophia , Paulsen Friedrich , Budday Silvia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContinuum‐mechanics‐based computational models are a valuable tool to advance our understanding of mechanics‐related physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Current numerical predictions of brain tissue behavior are mainly based on phenomenological material models. Such models rely on parameters that often lack physical interpretation and only provide adequate estimates for brain regions with a similar microstructure as those used for calibration. These issues can be overcome by establishing advanced constitutive models that are microstructurally motivated and account for regional and temporal changes through microstructural parameters. In a previous study, we have proposed a microstructure‐informed finite viscoelastic constitutive model for porcine brain tissue based on experimental insights into the link between macroscopic deformations and cell displacements during compression tests. Here, we test whether the model can be applied to the material response of human brain tissue from different brain regions during compression and tension tests. We calibrate the model using a combination of cyclic loadings in compression and tension as well as stress relaxation experiments in compression. Furthermore, we include cell densities and the percentage area covered by cell nuclei from microstructural analyses of the tested samples into the model. While it was not possible to identify one set of material parameters for all four considered brain regions, we successfully applied the model to tissue from the cerebellar white matter. Our results show that the microstructure‐based time constant that we had determined based on experiments on porcine brain tissue is also valid for human tissue. Furthermore, the microstructure‐informed material model is capable of capturing the pronounced compression‐tension asymmetry of brain tissue.
Compatibility of high strength silica‐modified microcapsules modified with polydopamine in elastomer substrates
Authors: Li Xudong , Wang Junwei , Li Xiaoyun , Li Qifeng , Kang Maoqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrocapsules with polydopamine composite shell layer were successfully synthesized by functionalizing silica‐modified microcapsules containing isophorone diisocyanate. The components and micromorphology of silica‐modified microcapsules at different reaction periods were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy. The structure of different microcapsules was characterized by FTIR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical performances of different microcapsules were analyzed by nanoindentation technique. The compatibility and self‐healing efficiency of different microcapsules with the substrate were also investigated by the tensile tests. The results showed that the density of the silica‐modified microcapsule shell gradually increased and the mechanical performances were enhanced with the silica source. The hardness and elastic modulus of silica‐modified microcapsules in suitable core fraction (76.5 wt%) were 139.9 MPa and 2.2 GPa, which are 2.3 times and 4.8 times higher than those of untreated microcapsules, respectively. The functionalized modified microcapsules had excellent compatibility with the elastomeric substrate (PU‐PPG2000). At the same time, the self‐healing efficiency of the functionalized modified microcapsules in PU‐PPG2000 was 69.8%, which was 48.9% higher than that of the untreated microcapsules prepared under the same conditions. Silicon modification improved the density of microcapsules, enhancing their mechanical strength. At the same time, functionalization modification improved the interfacial bonding strength of microcapsules, further improving the compatibility with the polymer matrix.Highlights
Microcapsules with different silicon sources are characterized.
Microcapsules are functionalized with polydopamine.
Individual microcapsules are tested for mechanical strength by nanoindentation.
The compatibility of the functionalized microcapsules is excellent.
The self‐healing efficiency of modified microcapsules is greater than 70%.
CSM‐Potential2: A comprehensive deep learning platform for the analysis of protein interacting interfaces
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos H. M. , Ascher David B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProteins are molecular machinery that participate in virtually all essential biological functions within the cell, which are tightly related to their 3D structure. The importance of understanding protein structure–function relationship is highlighted by the exponential growth of experimental structures, which has been greatly expanded by recent breakthroughs in protein structure prediction, most notably RosettaFold, and AlphaFold2. These advances have prompted the development of several computational approaches that leverage these data sources to explore potential biological interactions. However, most methods are generally limited to analysis of single types of interactions, such as protein–protein or protein–ligand interactions, and their complexity limits the usability to expert users. Here we report CSM‐Potential2, a deep learning platform for the analysis of binding interfaces on protein structures. In addition to prediction of protein–protein interactions binding sites and classification of biological ligands, our new platform incorporates prediction of interactions with nucleic acids at the residue level and allows for ligand transplantation based on sequence and structure similarity to experimentally determined structures. We anticipate our platform to be a valuable resource that provides easy access to a range of state‐of‐the‐art methods to expert and non‐expert users for the study of biological interactions. Our tool is freely available as an easy‐to‐use web server and API available at https://biosig.lab.uq.edu.au/csm_potential.
Human diet‐derived polyphenolic compounds and hepatic diseases: From therapeutic mechanisms to clinical utilization
Authors: Hu Qichao , Zhang Wenwen , Wei Feng , Huang Meilan , Shu Mengyao , Song Dan , Wen Jianxia , Wang Jundong , Nian Qing , Ma Xiao , Zeng Jinhao , Zhao Yanling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis review focuses on the potential ameliorative effects of polyphenolic compounds derived from human diet on hepatic diseases. It discusses the molecular mechanisms and recent advancements in clinical applications. Edible polyphenols have been found to play a therapeutic role, particularly in liver injury, liver fibrosis, NAFLD/NASH, and HCC. In the regulation of liver injury, polyphenols exhibit anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, primarily targeting the TGF‐β, NF‐κB/TLR4, PI3K/AKT, and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways. In the regulation of liver fibrosis, polyphenolic compounds effectively reverse the fibrotic process by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Furthermore, polyphenolic compounds show efficacy against NAFLD/NASH by inhibiting lipid oxidation and accumulation, mediated through the AMPK, SIRT, and PPARγ pathways. Moreover, several polyphenolic compounds exhibit anti‐HCC activity by suppressing tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. This inhibition primarily involves blocking Akt and Wnt signaling, as well as inhibiting the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, clinical trials and nutritional evidence support the notion that certain polyphenols can improve liver disease and associated metabolic disorders. However, further fundamental research and clinical trials are warranted to validate the efficacy of dietary polyphenols.
Casticin induces apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy while inhibiting stemness involving Akt/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in glioblastoma
Authors: Yang Xun , Liu Zeyuan , Xu Xu , He Meng , Xiong Hongtao , Liu Lijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant glioma. However, the current systemic drugs cannot completely cure GBM. Casticin is a methoxylated flavonol compound isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine Vitex rotundifolia L.f. and exhibits a strong antitumor activity in multiple human malignancies. This study was aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of casticin in GBM. The MTT assay and colony formation was used to evaluate the casticin‐induced cell viability in GBM cells. Apoptosis was assessed by ANNEXIV/PI staining assay. Autophagy was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence assays. GBM stem cell (GSC) was analyzed by tumor‐sphere formation assay and ALDEFLUOR assay. The anti‐GBM effect of casticin was also determined by the U87MG xenograft model. Casticin inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo, as well as significantly induced apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy inhibition augmented casticin‐induced apoptosis. Casticin also reduced the GSC population by suppressing Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. Mechanistically, casticin inhibited Akt/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3 signal pathways. The antitumor effect of casticin in GBM was demonstrated by inducing apoptosis, autophagy, and reducing population of GSCs; thus, it may be a potential GBM therapeutic agent for future clinical usage.
Scale‐dependent impact of Aeolus winds on a global forecast system
Authors: Chou Chih‐Chun , Kushner Paul J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe European Space Agency's Aeolus mission, launched in August 2018, provides the first global horizontal line‐of‐sight wind profile measurements. Previous studies have shown that Aeolus winds in global forecast systems improve the overall forecast skill, especially in the upper tropospheric tropics and in other data‐sparse regions. In this study, we use a series of observing system experiments with the latest version of the reprocessed Aeolus wind product (2B11) to better characterize the locations and drivers of improved skill from Aeolus with Environment and Climate Change Canada's Global Deterministic Prediction System. Observing system experiments that test the impact of Aeolus winds and the impact of all operational wind observations are carried out, covering the period summer 2019 and winter 2019–2020. Assimilation of operational winds improves the tropospheric wind forecast over the Tropics by a reduction of 8% in the forecast error, and adding the Aeolus winds to the assimilations results in an extra 0.7–0.9%. Aeolus wind impacts are improvements are 0.7–0.9% for the Arctic, and 0.4–0.6% over the Northern and Southern Hemisphere extratropics. The scale dependence of these impacts is investigated using spatial spectra (spherical harmonic decomposition). The improvement is quantified using the difference of the 250 hPa kinetic energy forecast error spectra between experiments. The operational winds largely improve the forecast of planetary scale to intermediate scale for spherical wave numbers between 1 and 20 in the short‐range forecasts. The operational wind impact decreases as the forecast lead time increases. On the other hand, the impact of Aeolus is mostly seen in the intermediate to large scale range with a peak around spherical wave number 8. The Aeolus‐related improvement around this wave number increases with forecast lead time. This analysis suggests that Aeolus winds provide estimates of the wind state that are valuable and complementary to that provided from current operational winds.
Gelatin Candies Architected with Active Starch Nanoparticles Containing Phenolic Compounds from Propolis Extract
Authors: Alves Maria Jaízia dos Santos , Chacon Wilson Daniel Caicedo , Rodrigues Monteiro Alcilene , Ayala Valencia Germán 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNew trends in the food industry are focused on the development of fortification foods. Gelatin candies are foods widely consumed by the population and they are selected for incorporation with starch nanoparticles (SNPs) obtained by nanoprecipitation and loaded with phenolic compounds from propolis extract (PE). Water activity and total soluble solids result in stable gelatin candies at room temperature and 30% RH (relative humidity) from the microbiological point of view. According to the results, the addition of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) in gelatin candies does not prove to be a factor that influences texture parameters, especially hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Candies containing SNPs loaded with the phenolic compounds from PE have high total phenolic compounds (324–362 mg of GAE 100 g−1) and antioxidant activity (133–136 µmol TROLOX 100 g−1). The stability of the starch nanoparticles loaded with the phenolic compounds from propolis extract in the gummy candy is confirmed, exhibiting this food product a yellow color, representing a promising application for these natural additives in the food industry. These results indicate that SNPs loaded with the phenolic compounds from PE can be used for gelatin candies fortification aiming to develop functional foods.
Predicting wind farm operations with machine learning and the P2D‐RANS model: A case study for an AWAKEN site
Authors: Moss Coleman , Maulik Romit , Moriarty Patrick , Iungo Giacomo Valerio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe power performance and the wind velocity field of an onshore wind farm are predicted with machine learning models and the pseudo‐2D RANS model, then assessed against SCADA data. The wind farm under investigation is one of the sites involved with the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN). The performed simulations enable predictions of the power capture at the farm and turbine levels while providing insights into the effects on power capture associated with wake interactions that operating upstream turbines induce, as well as the variability caused by atmospheric stability. The machine learning models show improved accuracy compared to the pseudo‐2D RANS model in the predictions of turbine power capture and farm power capture with roughly half the normalized error. The machine learning models also entail lower computational costs upon training. Further, the machine learning models provide predictions of the wind turbulence intensity at the turbine level for different wind and atmospheric conditions with very good accuracy, which is difficult to achieve through RANS modeling. Additionally, farm‐to‐farm interactions are noted, with adverse impacts on power predictions from both models.
Capillary optics for full‐field x‐ray detectors with a magnification factor of 40 and 2.4 μm spatial resolution
Authors: Kranz Jonathan , Liebing Nico , Bjeoumikhov Aniouar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article presents recent investigations of newly developed magnifying capillary optics used for full‐field x‐ray spectroscopy. The new cone‐shaped capillary optics reached spatial resolutions of 2.4 μm and increased the magnification factor to 40. These parameters have been evaluated by a confocal full‐field XRF (CFF‐XRF) and a full‐field XRF (FF‐XRF) setup, depicted in this article.