bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Various Applications of Lipopolysaccharides on Blood Parameters of Pigs
Authors: Müller G. , Steinbach G. , Berndt A. , Köhler H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn five experiments, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) ofEscherichia coliO26:B6 and O111:B4 were applied intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intrabronchially in doses of 5000–15 000 U/kg body mass to a total of 47 weaner pigs and compared with the application of sodium chloride. Different parameters of blood cells were investigated, including cell numbers,in vivointerleukin secretion, radical formation, phagocytosis capacity and IL‐6 as well as TNFαformationex vivo. Non‐specific effects and dependencies on the type of application and LPS dose are discussed.
Pestivirus in Cattle: Experimentally Induced Persistent Infection in Calves
Authors: Stokstad M. , Løken T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTwenty‐two heifers were infected intranasally with non‐cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) between days 74 and 82 of pregnancy. All animals had developed serum antibodies against BVDV 5 weeks later. No clinical effects were seen in the heifers, and they all delivered a live calf. The newborn calves were generally small, appeared unthrifty as typical ‘poor doers’, and some developed secondary infections with diarrhoea and signs of respiratory disease. Eighteen of the 22 calves were born without antibodies against BVDV and were persistently infected (PI) with the virus. One was weak at birth and died the following day. Four calves were born with serum antibodies against BVDV and with no detectable virus. Three of these showed signs and/or pathological changes indicating disease in the central nervous system. Otherwise, there were no obvious clinical differences between these calves and the PI calves, nor were there any apparent significant differences in blood parameters between these groups. In general, the calves showed low γ‐globulin values and thrombocytopaenia, but moderately increased fibrinogen values and relatively normal lymphocyte numbers.
Identification of a Truncated Tn1721‐like Transposon Located on a Small Plasmid of Escherichia coli Isolated from Varanus indicus
Authors: Waturangi D. E. , Schwarz S. , Suwanto A. , Kehrenberg C. , Erdelen W. 
Published: March 2003

Summary The 9.1 kb plasmid pDEWT1 was isolated from an Escherichia coli strain obtained from the faeces of a free‐living lizard (Varanus indicus) in Indonesia. This plasmid mediated tetracycline resistance via a tet gene of hybridization class A. Molecular analysis of a 7755 bp segment of plasmid pDEWT1 including the tetR‐tet(A) region and its flanking areas suggested that pDEWT1 harboured a truncated copy of the tet(A)‐carrying transposon Tn1721 in which the part responsible for chemotaxis and transposition functions was lost. Analysis of the sequences at the integration site revealed the presence of the 5‐bp direct repeat TACTT. The sequences upstream and downstream of the integration site showed striking homology to sequences of a non‐coding region detectable on a small cryptic plasmid from Yersinia enterocolitica.
Changes of virulence factors accompanying the phenomenon of induced fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans
Authors: Fekete‐Forgács K. , Gyüre L. , Lenkey B. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe investigated a fluconazole‐sensitive (MICflu = 5 μg ml−1) clinical isolate and a fluconazole‐resistant (MICflu >80 μg ml−1) laboratory mutant Candida albicans strain developed from the sensitive one. We studied putative virulence factors including germination, adherence ability to either buccal epithelial cells or acrylate surface, the secreted aspartic proteinase, and the extracellular phospholipase activity of the two strains as well as their growth. The fluconazole‐resistant strain proved to be superior to the original strain in all the virulence traits tested. The higher virulence of the fluconazole‐resistant strain was also supported by a mouse model. These results suggest that the development of fluconazole resistance can be accompanied by serious morphological and physiological changes: several putative virulence traits, moreover the in vivo virulence can increase simultaneously.
Primary cutaneous aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Romano Clara , Miracco Clelia 
Published: March 2003

Summary A case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis in a 39‐year‐old woman with apparently normal immune status is reported. The woman had an occasionally suppurating nodular lesion which developed in the site of a trauma on the back of the right wrist. Diagnosis was based on histological and mycological examination. Systemic involvement was not found. Surgical excision led to clinical and mycological recovery, confirmed at follow‐up 18 months later.
Paecilomyces variotii central nervous system infection in a patient with cancer
Authors: Kantarcıoğlu A. S. , Hatemi G. , Yücel A. , De Hoog G. S. , Mandel N. M. 
Published: March 2003

Summary Paecilomyces variotii was isolated from two subsequent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of a cancer patient. Identification was confirmed through β‐tubulin and rDNA ITS sequencing. MICs were determined for seven antifungal agents; the isolate was found to be susceptible to amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITZ), ketaconazole (KTZ) and 5‐fluorocytosine (5FC) but resistant to fluconazole (FLZ) and miconazole (MCZ). Despite antimycotic therapy, the infection proved to be fatal.
Somaclonal variation in cell suspension culture‐derived regenerants of Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats var. motia
Authors: Patnaik J. , Sahoo S. , Debata B. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPlants regenerated from cell suspension cultures of palmarosa grass, Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats, were analysed for somaclonal variation in five clonal generations. A wide range of variation in important quantitative traits, e.g. plant yield, height, tiller number, oil content and qualitative changes in essential oil constituents—geraniol, geranyl acetate, geranyl formate and linalool—were observed among the 120 somaclones screened. Eight somaclones were selected on the basis of high herb and oil yield over the donor line and high geraniol content in the oil. Based on performance in the field trials, three superior lines were selected, and maintained for five clonal generations. The superior lines exhibited a reasonable degree of stability in the traits selected.
Gene‐for‐gene relationship for resistance in wheat to isolates of Karnal bunt, Neovossia indica
Authors: Datta R. , Harjit‐Singh  , Gupta V. S. , Ranjekar P. K. , Dhaliwal H. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractReactions to eight isolates of Karnal bunt, Neovossia indica, collected from seven different locations in northern India were studied on 13 host lines, including cultivars and breeding lines of Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum and Triticosecale in all possible combinations. The incidence of Karnal bunt varied from zero in PBW 34 and PBW 248 with isolates Ni8 and Ni2, respectively, to as high as 66.8% in a highly susceptible cultivar WL 711 with isolate Ni5. The differences in disease incidence among cultivars and isolates were highly significant. All the isolates could be distinguished on the basis of differential reactions on one or more of the host lines. Even the most resistant lines of durum (PDW 215), triticale (TL 1210) and wheat (HD 29) could be distinguished by the differential disease reaction with one or more of the eight isolates. The cultivar‐isolate interaction for disease score was highly significant, indicating the probable existence of a gene‐for‐gene relationship in this host‐pathogen system.
Identification of a novel source of resistance to angular leaf spot disease of common bean within the secondary gene pool
Authors: Busogoro J. P. , Jijakli M. H. , Lepoivre P. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr., the agent of angular leaf spot disease of common bean, is a highly variable pathogen for which resistance gene diversification is required. This study analysed genetic resistance to this disease within genotypes of three Phaseolus species. Twenty‐nine genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus polyanthus were inoculated with 54 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola. The genetic resistance was estimated according to the symptom intensity observed for each plant genotype‐pathogen isolate combination. Globally, genotypes of the common bean secondary gene pool were resistant to a higher number of isolates than common bean varieties. Interactions between plant genotypes and pathogen isolates suggested vertical resistance genes within P. vulgaris, as well as within P. coccineus and P. polyanthus. The ‘NI666’accession (P. coccineus) showed resistance to all the fungal isolates inoculated while the variety ‘Aroana’(P. vulgaris) was susceptible to most of the isolates. Interspecific hybridization between these two genotypes gave F1 hybrid plants which showed resistance to angular leaf spot disease.
Pure line selection for improved yield, oil content and different fatty acid composition of sesame, Sesamum indicum
Authors: Baydar H. , Marquard R. , Turgut I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aims of this study were estimation of the variability of seed yield, oil content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content in single plant progenies and lines derived from Turkish sesame populations, and the improvement of different type lines with regard to high seed yield, high oil content and specific fatty acid composition. Different types of lines were developed—i.e. lines which yielded over 1000 kg seeds/ha from the yield type progenies and lines which yielded over 63% of oil content from oil type progenies—but it was not possible to improve lines where fatty acid composition differed dramatically from that of oleic and linoleic type progenies.
Use of multiparental inbred populations to determine allelic relationships of molecular markers
Authors: Enjalbert J. , Boeuf C. , Belcram H. , Leroy P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe assessment of polymorphism exhibited by molecular markers is an arduous but essential task that facilitates the use of molecular tools by breeders and geneticists. For that purpose, the value of a wheat composite population was assessed for characterizing the diversity of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers developed by INRA‐Génoblé. The polymorphism of 13 genomic probes was measured over a set of 80 inbred lines randomly extracted by single‐seed descent from a composite‐cross of 16 wheat lines. The 13 probéenzyme combinations revealed 27 loci with codominant polymorphism. As many bands were so far unmapped, the segregational analysis of the progenies appeared very suitable for complex patterns, both in determining allelic relationships and in revealing linkage between loci. Allelic diversity, band sizes and chromosomal location assessed from nullisomic‐tetrasomic lines are given for the 27 loci.
Optimal allocation of resources in evaluating current sunflower inbred lines for resistance to Sclerotinia
Authors: Degener J. , Melchinger A. E. , Hahn V. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major limiting factor for sunflower (Helianthus annuus) production. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate a large number of current sunflower lines for their reaction to Sclerotinia, and (2) determine the optimum allocation of resources for their selection. A set of 85 inbred lines was screened under artificial leaf infection in three environments. The test revealed ample variation for all resistance traits in the current germplasm. A line selected from NDBLOS, an oilseed sunflower germplasm poo, and its derivatives were most resistant to Sclerotinia. Lines derived from interspecific crosses with the wild species Helianthus tuberosus and Helianthus argophyllus also showed satisfactory Sclerotinia resistance. The evaluation of five plants per plot in two replications and four environments appears to be a reasonable allocation of resources in order to optimize the selection response.
Genetic variability in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.: Identification and classification of lines with RAPD markers
Authors: Schontz D. , Rether B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe DNA of 37 lines of Setaria italica, representative of Eurasian diversity, were used for the detection of polymorphism using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Four 10‐mer primers, differing from each other by one or two G‐C inversions, were used. Each one gave specific RAPD products. Twenty‐five bands were polymorphic and allowed the identification of 33 different genotypes. A factorial analysis of correspondence was performed on the presenc‐absence data, through which three genetic groups could be identified. These genetic groups were closely related to the geographical origin of the different lines: one central European and two Asiatic groups (the first Asiatic lines originating in latitudes below 35°N and the second comprising the Asiatic lines originating in latitudes above 35° N). The lines originating from western Europe were very variable and were dispersed in the three genetic groups described previously.
Ploidy of broccoli regenerated from microspore culture versus anther culture
Authors: Wang M. , Farnham M. W. , Nannes J. S. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe use of microspore or anther culture to generate doubled‐haploids (DH) is an important adjunct to broccoli breeding) Regenerated populations from broccoli anther culture are usually mixtures of ploidy. However, ploidy composition of populations derived from microspore culture has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to characterize regenerants derived from microspore culture, to evaluate factors influencing these characteristics and to compare results with those from anther culture. Eight populations, four from each culture method, were generated simultaneously using the same four F1hybrids as donor parents. The ploidy level of all regenerants was determined by DNA flow cytometry: the majority of them were diploid. As in anther culture, a mixture of ploidy was observed in all populations derived from microspore culture. Ploidy variation was more frequent among clonal families from anther culture (10%) than microspore culture (5%)‘Everest’ was the most productive donor parent with both methods, while ‘Greenbelt’ and ‘Major’ were least productive in anther and microspore culture, respectively. Genotype specificity for the total number of regenerated plants and ploidy composition occurred in both culture methods.
Inheritance of zeins: The catalogue of zein alleles of three multigenic loci and its potential for maize breeding
Authors: Zayakina G. V. , Sozinov A. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInheritance of zein components in maize has been studied by a highresolution system of acidic continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method revealed extraordinarily high polymorphism of zeins. Previously, three multigenic loci, Zep1, Zep2 and Zep3, encoding most zein polypeptides were identified. Four other loci control the synthesis of some minor components. Single F2 grains from 16 hybrid combinations involving 19 inbred lines were analysed. Correspondingly, 12 and 14 alleles of the Zep1 and the Zep2 loci were identified for 19 inbreds. Six alleles of the Zep3 locus were identified in five crosses. All 32 alleles of three multigenic loci were included in the catalogue of zein alleles. Genetic nomenclature for the alleles designation is proposed. Such nomenclature is in good agreement with ‘a standard for maize genetics nomenclature. The catalogue may serve for practical use and as basis for more detailed genetic studies of zeins. Practical application of the catalogue in maize breeding is discussed.
Prediction of barley progeny performance in the presence of genotype environment interaction
Authors: Schut J. W. , Dourleijn C. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwenty recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of European two‐row spring barley and their parents were tested in six environments in the Netherlands to investigate the prediction of progeny yield level, yield variance, stability level and stability variance, based on parent information. Progeny yield level is positively correlated with midparent value for average yield. Progeny yield variance is more difficult to predict, but there does appear to be a promising negative correlation between progeny yield variance and Habgood's (1977) parental similarity measure. To quantify yield stability, three statistics were calculated: Finlay and Wilkinson's (1963) regression coefficient bi, Shukla's (1972) stability variance σsi2 and Eberhart and Russell's (1966) mean squared deviation di2. The first stability statistic describes a different aspect of the response pattern to change in environment from the last two. Parents with high bi values appear to have a better average yield, i.e. they react more positively to an improvement in the environment than the other genotypes. The average bi value of the progeny is positively correlated with the midparent value, indicating its heritable nature. There are also indications that di2 and σi2 are heritable but their repeatability is poor. Therefore, it is concluded that only prediction of bi is useful in practical plant breeding. There is a positive correlation between progeny yield variance and progeny variance for bi but we conclude that the inaccuracy of the stability variance estimates is too high for good predictors for progeny stability variance to be found.
Genetic effects of the soft starch (h) and background loci on volume of starch granules in five inbreds of maize
Authors: Wilson J. A. , Glover D. V. , Nyquist W. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLarger particle volume is beneficial for many aspects of maize starch processing, and may improve the performance of some starch attributes. This study focused on the soft starch (h) locus to identify its potentially influential role in starch particle volume distribution. The objectives were to study the genetic expression of starch particle volume of the h locus in different genetic backgrounds and the gene action conditioning starch particle volume of other loci in both normal‐starch and h‐starch backgrounds. Forty‐five populations (five intra‐inbred F1s, 10 hybrid F1s 10 F2s, 10 BC1F1s to h/h parent, and 10 BC1 to h:h conversion of normal parent) were planted in 1993 at two locations and in 1995 at one location. Selfed heterozygotes (±/h) in all generations provided intra‐ear comparisons of normal and h starch, and F3 and BC1F2 generations provided inter‐ear comparisons. Significant differences were found between normal and h:h genotypes in all intra‐ear and inter‐ear comparisons. In all cases, general combining ability effects were highly significant, suggesting the presence of additive gene effects. Generation mean analysis of normal and h:h starch materials yielded similar results, indicating the predominance of additive and some dominance effects for other loci on starch particle volume. These results indicate the usefulness of the soft starch gene and additional genetic variation among inbreds in the improvement of starch particle volume for increased starch recovery in wet milling.
Early selection for extreme resistance to potato virus Y and tobacco etch virus in potato using a β‐glucuronidase‐tagged virus
Authors: Hinrichs‐Berger J. , Junghans H. , Buchenauer H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Rysto gene from Solanum stoloniferum introduced into potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum) confers resistance to potato virus A, potato virus V and potato virus Y (PVY). In addition to PVY, tobacco etch virus (TEV) and a TEV construct that encodes β‐glucuronidase (TEV‐GUS) were inoculated to determine the inheritance of resistance to these viruses in progenies obtained from potato cultivars containing the Rysto gene. While cultivars ‘Karlena’ and ‘Delikat’ were susceptible, ‘Bettina’ and clone 927eY were resistant to PVY, TEV and TEV‐GUS, as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, biotest and GUS assay, respectively. The segregation ratios obtained from the progenies of ‘Bettina’×‘Delikat’ and 816eY ×‘Karlena’ indicate that resistances to PVY and TEV are governed by one dominant gene or two genes tightly linked in coupling phase. Evidently, Rysto confers broad spectrum resistance to potyviruses. TEV resistance could be reliably detected 4 days after inoculation with the TEV‐GUS construct by GUS assay. Therefore, the GUS‐tagged TEV construct can be used for early selection for resistances based on the gene Rysto or closely linked genes.
Discriminating durum wheat cultivars using highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat DNA markers
Authors: Dograr N. , Akin‐Yalin S. , Akkaya M. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe winter type durum wheat varieties of Anatolia used in this study were differentiated for the first time by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers or microsatellites. Seven microsatellite markers were used to distinguish four well‐adapted landrace selections, five cultivars and seven recently obtained advancing lines. The loci of seven microsatellites were all homozygous, but the WMS6 locus occurred with two alleles in all the genotypes. The genotypes were all distinguished from each other, with the number of alleles ranging from five to 13. The lowest and highest polymorphism information content (PIC) values were observed to be 0.609 and 0.872, respectively. Three markers alone, WMS6, WMS30 and WMS120, can distinguish all 16 genotypes. UPGMA dendogram, based on a similarity matrix by a simple matching coefficient algorithm, is in accordance with the available pedigree information.
Feasibility of breeding male‐sterile populations for use in developing interpopulation hybrids of pearl millet
Authors: Rai K. N. , Andrews D. J. , Rao A. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInter‐population hybrids of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., have a substantial grain yield advantage over open‐pollinated varieties that makes them an appropriate and economically viable proposition for many African agricultural situations, provided that stable male‐sterile populations can be developed for use as seed parents. The objective of this research was to examine the feasibility of breeding stable male‐sterile populations, using the d2 dwarf version of Nigerian Composite NCD2 and the A4 cytoplasmic‐nuclear male sterility system as a test case. Results showed that two cycles of recurrent selection for sterility maintenance ability led to the development of a fully effective maintainer version of NCD2. There was no significant difference between the original C0 cycle bulk and the C3 cycle bulk (developed from the third and final cycle of recurrent selection) for grain yield and other agronomic traits. The male‐sterile population at the third backcross stage, developed from the maintainer version of NCD2, had as high a level of stable male sterility as the A1 system commercial inbred male‐sterile line 841A1. Thus, it is concluded that with the use of the A4 cytoplasmic male‐sterile system, it would be possible rapidly to develop a maintainer version of any population without detrimental effects on grain yield and agronomic traits. Male sterility of populations developed from these maintainers will be highly stable, paving the way for their effective utilization as seed parents in breeding inter‐population hybrids.