bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular autonomic regulation in sickle cell patients with white matter lesions
Authors: Ferreira De Matos Christophe , Cougoul Pierre , Zaharie Oana Maria , Kermorgant Marc , Pavy‐Le Traon Anne , Gales Celine , Senard Jean‐Michel , Strumia Mathilde , Bonneville Fabrice , Nasr Nathalie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeWhite matter lesions (WMLs) are frequent in sickle cell disease (SCD), with a prevalence described to be as high as 53% by age 30. Cerebrovascular regulation and cardiovascular autonomic regulation, more specifically the sympatho‐vagal balance, can be altered in SCD. In this study the association between WMLs, cerebrovascular regulation and sympatho‐vagal balance was assessed in SCD patients.Methods and resultsSickle cell disease patients with no history of stroke were prospectively evaluated for cerebrovascular reactivity using the breath‐holding test (BHT), the sympatho‐vagal balance (ratio low frequency/high frequency [HF]) using heart rate variability parameters and cerebral autoregulation in the time domain using correlation index Mx, and arterial cerebral compliance based on continuous assessment of cerebral blood flow velocities using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and arterial blood pressure with photo‐plethysmography. WMLs were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging using Fazekas score grading and the presence of lacunes. Forty‐one patients (F/M 25/16) were included. Median age was 37.5 years (19–65). Twenty‐nine (70.7%) patients had SS genotype. Eleven patients had WMLs (26.8%). Patients with WMLs were significantly older (p < 0.001), had a lower HF (p < 0.005) and an impaired cerebral arterial compliance (p < 0.014). The receiver operating curve for the regression model including age and HF showed a higher area under the curve compared to age alone (0.946 vs. 0.876). BHT and Mx did not significantly differ between the two groups.ConclusionsLower parasympathetic activity and impaired cerebral arterial compliance were associated with WMLs in adults with SCD. This could potentially yield to a better understanding of pathophysiological parameters leading to premature cerebrovascular ageing in SCD.
Increased risk of functional neurological disorders following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination
Authors: Pilotto Andrea , Catania Marcello , Mattioli Irene , Zoppi Nicola , Ceccardi Giulia , Rao Renata , Gipponi Stefano , Magoni Mauro , Gamba Massimo , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible correlation between SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines and the onset of neurological syndromes. The aim was to challenge the association between SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations and the onset of acute functional neurological disorders (FNDs) compared to other neurological syndromes in hospitalized patients.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, all adult inpatients consecutively admitted to a tertiary neurological centre were included. The prevalence and characteristics of neurological syndromes were compared between unvaccinated and vaccinated cases stratified according to the onset from vaccination. The study involved 843 subjects, namely 411 unvaccinated (UVC) and 432 vaccinated cases; these groups were comparable for demographics and clinical diagnosis distribution.ResultsCompared to UVC, subjects hospitalized within the first 30 days from vaccine exhibited higher prevalence of FNDs (12.3% vs. 3.6%; odds ratio 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.6–11.1) and headache (10.8% vs. 5%; odds ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 1.9–8.8) but no other neurological syndromes. The FND cases following vaccinations showed similar premorbid conditions and severity but a higher percentage of sensory symptoms and pain compared to UVC FND cases.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is associated with a significant short‐term increased risk of FND and headache requiring hospitalization in an acute neurological setting.
Small but mighty: Peptides regulating abiotic stress responses in plants
Authors: Datta Tapasya , Kumar Ravi S. , Sinha Hiteshwari , Trivedi Prabodh K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThroughout evolution, plants have developed strategies to confront and alleviate the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on their growth and development. The combat strategies involve intricate molecular networks and a spectrum of early and late stress‐responsive pathways. Plant peptides, consisting of fewer than 100 amino acid residues, are at the forefront of these responses, serving as pivotal signalling molecules. These peptides, with roles similar to phytohormones, intricately regulate plant growth, development and facilitate essential cell‐to‐cell communications. Numerous studies underscore the significant role of these small peptides in coordinating diverse signalling events triggered by environmental challenges. Originating from the proteolytic processing of larger protein precursors or directly translated from small open reading frames, including microRNA (miRNA) encoded peptides from primary miRNA, these peptides exert their biological functions through binding with membrane‐embedded receptor‐like kinases. This interaction initiates downstream cellular signalling cascades, often involving major phytohormones or reactive oxygen species‐mediated mechanisms. Despite these advances, the precise modes of action for numerous other small peptides remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we delve into the dynamics of stress physiology, mainly focusing on the roles of major small signalling peptides, shedding light on their significance in the face of changing environmental conditions.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI‐associated metabolites
Authors: Muñoz Hoyos Lina , Anisha Wan Petra , Meng Chen , Kleigrewe Karin , Dawid Corinna , Hückelhoven Ralph , Stam Remco 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlants employ a multilayered immune system to combat pathogens. In one layer, recognition of Pathogen‐ or Microbe‐Associated Molecular Patterns or elicitors, triggers a cascade that leads to defence against the pathogen and Pattern Triggered Immunity. Secondary or specialised metabolites (SMs) are expected to play a role, because they are potentially anti‐fungal compounds. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants inoculated with Alternaria solani s.l. show symptoms of infection after inoculation. Plants inoculated with Alternaria alternata remain symptomless. We hypothesised that pattern‐triggered induction of resistance related metabolites in tomato contributes to the resistance against A. alternata. We compared the metabolomic profile (metabolome) of tomato after treatments with A. alternata, A. solani and the fungal elicitor chitin, and identified SMs involved in early defence of tomato plants. We revealed differential metabolome fingerprints. The composition of A. alternata and chitin induced metabolomes show larger overlap with each other than with the A. solani induced metabolome. We identify 65 metabolites possibly associated with PTI in tomato plants, including NAD and trigonelline. We confirm that trigonelline inhibits fungal growth in vitro at physiological concentrations. Thus, a true pattern‐triggered, chemical defence is mounted against A. alternata, which contains anti‐fungal compounds that could be interesting for crop protection strategies.
ZmC2H2‐149 negatively regulates drought tolerance by repressing ZmHSD1 in maize
Authors: Liu Huafeng , Wu Zhendong , Bao Miaomiao , Gao Fengran , Yang Wenjing , Abou‐Elwafa Salah Fatouh , Liu Zhixue , Ren Zhenzhen , Zhu Yingfang , Ku Lixia , Su Huihui , Chong Leelyn , Chen Yanhui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrought is a major abiotic stress that limits maize production worldwide. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve drought tolerance in crop plants for sustainable agriculture. In this study, we examined the roles of Cys2/His2 zinc‐finger‐proteins (C2H2‐ZFPs) in maize's drought tolerance as C2H2‐ZFPs have been implicated for plant stress tolerance. By subjecting 150 Ac/Ds mutant lines to drought stress, we successfully identified a Ds‐insertion mutant, zmc2h2‐149, which shows increased tolerance to drought stress. Overexpression of ZmC2H2‐149 in maize led to a decrease in both drought tolerance and crop yield. DAP‐Seq, RNA‐Seq, Y1H and LUC assays additionally showed that ZmC2H2‐149 directly suppresses the expression of a positive drought tolerance regulator, ZmHSD1 (hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1). Consistently, the zmhsd1 mutants exhibited decreased drought tolerance and grain yield under water deficit conditions compared to their respective wild‐type plants. Our findings thus demonstrated that ZmC2H2‐149 can regulate ZmHSD1 for drought stress tolerance in maize, offering valuable theoretical and genetic resources for maize breeding programmes that aim for improving drought tolerance.
The degree of hydraulic vulnerability segmentation at the individual level is related to stomata sensitivity in seedlings of three oak species
Authors: Li Yining , Fan Dayong , Huo Chenrui , Wang Jiaxi , Wang Xu , Dong Zexia , Meng Xiaoqian , Li Guolei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is hypothesized that ‘hydraulic vulnerability segmentation’ (the vulnerability of expendable organs is higher compared to the vulnerability of nonexpendable organs) can enhance the drought‐tolerance of trees. However, prediction of positive segmentation (leaf minus branch) did not gain undisputed support in field observations. Further, the main organs of trees (leaf/trunk/root) are vital to test the hypothesis at the individual level. Unfortunately, most verifications of the hypothesis focus on the hydraulic vulnerabilities between leaves and terminal branches of mature trees. In this study, we grew three deciduous oak (Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis and Q. aliena) seedlings (6 months old), and measured the hydraulic vulnerabilities of leaves (by rehydration method), main stems and main roots (by bench dehydration method). The sensitivity of stomata to water potential was obtained by monitoring the stomata conductance response to drought stress. The xylem anatomy of main stem and main root was also measured. It was found that the leaves of all three oak species exhibited greater vulnerability than the main stems and main roots. The leaf‐stem segmentation was more pronounced than the stem‐root one, and the stem‐root in Q. aliena even showed a reversed segmentation. Further, we found that higher stomatal sensitivity was associated with higher P50,leaf (water potential at 50% loss of leaf hydraulic conductivity), and narrower segmentation between leaf and the most embolism‐resistant organ. Collectively, our results support the ‘hydraulic vulnerability segmentation’ hypothesis at the individual level, and highlight the importance of stomatal regulation in hydraulic vulnerability segmentation.
Responding to feedback about implicit bias
Authors: Howell Jennifer L. , Lofaro Nicole , Ratliff Kate A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProviding people with feedback about their intergroup biases is a central part of many diversity training and other bias‐education efforts. Although this practice may increase self‐awareness, people sometimes respond negatively to learning about their own biases. In the present review, we provide a framework for understanding when feedback about intergroup bias should lead to behavior change intentions, and when it can work against that goal. Specifically, we suggest that feedback about performance on measures of bias (e.g., the Implicit Association Test) will cause psychological discomfort to the extent that feedback about intergroup bias is: (1) discrepant from self‐reported attitudes, and (2) more personally or socially unacceptable than self‐reported attitudes. We then suggest two possible routes stemming from that psychological discomfort: If people accept personal responsibility for feedback, they will respond to psychological discomfort with compunction and direct efforts toward behavior and attitude change. By contrast, if people reject personal responsibility for feedback, they will respond defensively, derogating the feedback and trying to prove that the results are inaccurate. We use responses to feedback about implicit bias as a test case to demonstrate our model and discuss the current state of the literature on responding to IAT feedback. We also discuss interventions that can move people from defensiveness to compunction and open our metaphorical “file drawer” to discuss lessons learned.
Conceptualizing psychological well‐being as a dynamic process: Implications for research on mobile health interventions
Authors: Heshmati Saida , Muth Chelsea , Roeser Robert W. , Smyth Joshua , Jamalabadi Hamidreza , Oravecz Zita 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe introduce a theoretical framework for conceptualizing Psychological Well‐Being (PWB) as a process that unfolds over short and longer time‐scales. We argue that this framework can be especially useful for studying the change mechanisms in PWB within the context of mobile Health (mHealth) interventions. Four lines of research are considered within this framework to inform the scientific exploration of PWB in the context of mHealth interventions. First, we explore key dynamic characteristics of change in PWB functioning. Second, we discuss PWB intervention response as a learning process (i.e., meaningful and transformational changes in state), reflected as change in key dynamic characteristics of PWB. Third, we explain mechanisms of change in PWB intervention practices through an underlying process of skill development. Fourth, we discuss intervention response heterogeneity within this framework. The approach we outline is intended to articulate currently unanswered, process‐oriented research questions about PWB interventions, how they work, and a methodological path forward for exploring them.
Analytical Theory of Aeroplanes in Rectilinear Flight and Calculation of the Maximum Cruising Radius
Authors: Rateau A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Theory of Horizontal Rectilinear Flight of Aeroplanes. Description of underlying basic principles, together with their application to the solution of certain important problems.
Characteristic Relations Connecting the Main Factors Governing the Operation of the Propellers. In these the author expresses practically all functions in terms of slip or functions thereof.
Characteristic Functions and Coefficients of an Aeroplane. These are expressed in terms of weight of the aeroplane, incidence and four specific coefficients which have to be determined by measurement and computation.
Minimum Consumption of Fuel and Oil per Kilometer of Flight. The determinations of consumption which are made are dependent on the altitude of flight; tables are given showing the results of computations for what the author calls the “Aeroplane-Type.”
Cruising Radius of Aeroplanes. Formulœ are given for determining the cruising radius and it is shown that with the present state of aeronautical engineering the cruising radius in still air is theoretically limited to 7000 km. (4350 miles) and that even this can be achieved only by flight at elevations ranging from 16,000 to 25,000 ft.
Aluminum Castings
Authors: Jeffries Zay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper the author first gives particulars of the various aluminum alloys used for casting purposes. He then deals with the metallography and physical properties of these alloys, following which are notes on maximum and minimum weights, tolerances on dimensions and machining data. Later sections deal respectively with heat treatment, aging, effect of thickness of section and rate of chill on physical properties of aluminum alloys, fatigue resistance, special places where the use of aluminum castings is indicated by reason of their lightness and ease of machining, and with the selection of alloys for special purposes.
The Dissipation of Heat by Various Surfaces
Authors: Taylor T. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the value of sheet asbestos as a covering for hot-air pipes. The author as a result of many experiments found that tin covered with 0.33-mm. (0.013 in.) sheet asbestos will dissipate about 37 per cent more heat than a bare tin pipe; asbestos-covered tin having a layer of dust, 32 per cent more, and tin with a layer of dust only, 7 per cent more. Calculations based on a series of tests indicate that it would require a covering of about 0.2 in. of sheet asbestos to make the loss from the covered pipe equal to that from the bright uncovered pipe. A thickness of 0.4 in. of asbestos, however, would result in a saving of 25 per cent over that of bare pipe, and about seven layers of 0.013-in. sheet asbestos loosely applied on a bare pipe would effect a saving of about 25 per cent. Application of three layers of air cell 0.25 in. asbestos paper will net a saving of 25 per cent over that of a bare pipe.
The author also presents figures, derived from tests, showing the effect of air velocity upon the dissipation of heat. Curves are given showing the watts dissipated per unit area and air velocity for definite surface temperature excesses of from 10 to 70 deg. The effect of the angle of incidence of the air is also discussed in the light of experimental work and it is shown that the maximum dissipation of heat takes place when air is blown over the object at an angle of from 40 to 45 degrees.
The Separation of Dissolved Gases From Water
Authors: McDermet J. R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper covers the results of a research on the separation of dissolved gases from boiler feedwater, both on a laboratory and a commercial-plant scale. Fundamentally the process consists of the rapid injection of heated water into a region of vacuo, and an explosive boiling of it at the expense of the heat of the liquid available to the vacuum, with a simultaneous recovery of the heat liberated to the vacuum by a heat exchanger or condenser cooled by the incoming water, preliminary to its heating. It is possible to deduce from a résumé of existing knowledge the results to be expected in the elimination of corrosion from boilers and economizers fed with oxygen-free water. Chemical analyses suggest the elimination of carbonates dissolved in water as bicarbonates in excess of their true solubility as carbonates. Test data are submitted to show the economies to be gained from the surface condensation of steam free from non-condensible gases both in increased conductivities and higher vacua.
The First Transcontinental Motor Convoy
Authors: Jackson E. R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Transcontinental Motor Convoy of 81 vehicles and trailers which started from Camp Meigs, Washington, D. C., at 8 a.m., on July 7, 1919, and finished at San Francisco, Cal., on September 6, 1919, was the first attempt to push through a large train of heavily loaded trucks from one end of the country to the other. Back of it were placed the resources of the War Department, and some measure of its success was due to the friendly coöperation of the local bodies of the communities through which the Convoy passed.”
The German Defenses of the Coast of Belgium
Authors: Miller H. W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
On October 15, 1914, the Germans occupied Ostend and all of the Belgian Coast north of that point. During the next few days their offensive gained for them the coast for a distance of about 10 miles farther south, including the city of Nieuport. They were unable to hold all of their gains against the offensives of the Belgians and British during the next few months, and their line was pushed back to a point between Nieuport and Ostend, at Westende, about 8 miles south of Ostend. This line became a part of what has been known familiarly as the Hindenburg Line. This line was heavily fortified by the Germans, and their men were provided with adequate shelters. Four years after the original occupation, almost to a day, the Germans were driven out of Ostend, on October 17, and from Zeebrugge farther north, on the 18th.”
Effect of Load Factor on Steam–Station Costs
Authors: Junkersfeld Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The following paper discusses the factors affecting steam-station costs, particularly the load factor. Financial loss, the author states, will result whenever it becomes necessary to operate a power station at a substantially higher or at a substantially lower annual load factor than that for which the station was properly designed. The load factor should be carefully considered in locating a central station as well as in the selection of equipment. Fuel, usually an item of great expense, is dependent upon the load factor, the efficiency in the use of fuel being greater at the higher load factors. Curves are given to show relative generating costs and boiler rating as affected by load factor, typical week-day load curves and load factors, and the load factor as it occurs from day to day and month to month.
The Interpretation of Boiler-Water Analyses
Authors: McDermet J. R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The importance of taking into consideration the corrosive properties of a boiler feedwater as well as its tendency to form scale is coming to be more and more generally recognized, and the interpretation of the various types of analyses employed for the purpose forms the substance of the present paper.
Feedwater impurities fall into at least one of three groupings: dissolved solids, pollution products, and dissolved gases. The dissolved solids determinable under a technical analysis naturally group themselves into corrosive and scale-forming constituents according as they are or are not highly ionized in aqueous solutions. Pollution products are detected by inferential methods in a partial sanitary analysis, but the effects of various types of pollution other than manufacturing wastes as indicated by the analysis are concretely set forth. Dissolved-gas analyses, meaning in the main dissolved-oxygen analyses, are discussed in relation to the safe operating limits of hot-water feed lines, boilers, and cast-iron and steel-tube economizers.
An appendix translates the facts of the paper into a working plan for use in the chemical laboratory.
Advantages of Large Freight Locomotives, Particularly the 2-10-2 Type
Authors: Stuebing Albert F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper the author points out the more important considerations involved in a study of the economic value of various types of motive power and demonstrates the complexity of the problem. Probably, he holds, no absolutely correct analysis is possible, and surely not practicable. The choice of motive power is of extreme importance because the characteristics of the power affect the earnings more than any other single factor and determine the efficiency of operation usually throughout the life of the engine. For this reason the choice of the locomotive should be made with extreme care. The final decision should be based on a definite knowledge of the economies that can be realized, not on unsupported opinion. Engineering methods are essential in working out the solution, and the study of the problem offers a field for constructive coöperative work by the members of the engineering societies.