bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reform versus Transformation: Reflections on the Legacy of Corbynism’s Economic Programme
Authors: Robertson Mary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the context of divisive disagreements about how the British left should orient itself towards the current Labour Party, this intervention uses the Gorzian category of non-reformist reforms to critically evaluate the 2017–19 policy programme developed by the Corbyn-led Labour Party and draw out the implications for current strategic debates. It argues that the radical core of the Corbynite economic programme lay in its proposals for widening ownership and extending economic democracy, but that there was a tension between commodified and decommodifying visions of these proposals. Exploring the different conceptions of political transformation implicit within each vision, the paper argues that only the latter had the potential to be non-reformist in the Gorzian sense. However, Gorz was concerned not merely with a reform’s content but also with how it was formulated and pursued. The paper ends by arguing that the transformative potential of the economic programme was not reflected in its political strategy and that this has important lessons for strategy today.
International Crimes of Western Colonialism
Authors: Emtseva Julia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Does colonialism still exist in the 21st century? Philippe Sands provides a resounding affirmation to this question in his recent book The Last Colony. Sands expounds upon the circumstances surrounding the Chagos archipelago, the most recently colonized territory by the United Kingdom, which triggers further discussions about the ability of international law to address colonial crimes. Sands’ tale proves that it is possible to challenge colonisers by using the existing tools of international law. Yet, the efficacy of justice efforts remains inadequate for the victims of colonial crimes. In addition to evaluating the critical contributions of The Last Colony, this review essay examines the international crime of forced displacement and how it has been tackled by international courts within other contexts. Drawing on the recent Human Rights Watch report documenting the offences committed by the UK and US authorities against the Chagossians, the essay assesses which elements of the colonial crime of forced evictions attain the gravity threshold for crimes against humanity. And finally, the essay argues for the need for greater awareness and accountability for such crimes and their lasting effects on individuals and societies.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury; a comparison between Iran and Belgium
Authors: Vatandoost Shokoufeh , Baetens Imke , Van Den Meersschaut Joyce , Van Heel Martijn , Van Hove Lisa 
Published: October 2023

Introduction The outbreak of COVID-19 has heightened mental health challenges among adolescents worldwide, while also hindering the development of effective emotion regulation strategies. Nevertheless, there exists a pertinent requirement to further investigate the psychological ramifications of COVID-19 on adolescents, as well as to discern disparities in these impacts across various nations. In order to address this gap in research, this study compares the prevalence of NSSI (characterized by purposefully injuring one's own body tissues without suicidal intention or engaging in behaviors that are not socially approved or sanctioned.), emotion regulation strategies, and psychopathology (internalization and externalization) among Belgian and Iranian adolescents pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Adolescents between the ages of 13-21 from Iran and Belgium participated in a two-wave longitudinal design. In Iran, the sample consisted of 117 adolescents in wave 1 (April 2019) and 142 adolescents in wave 2 (Nov 2020). The Belgian sample consisted of 376 participants in wave 1 and 356 adolescents in wave 2. NSSI was assessed using the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI). Emotion Regulation was examined via the Emotion Regulation Inventory (ERI). The S trengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Youth (SDQ) was used to assess psychological symptoms. Result Across the whole sample, lifetime NSSI prevalence was 35% in the first wave and 43.8% in the second wave. Longitudinal analysis across waves and counties did not show an increase in the prevalence of NSSI but did find that emotion dysregulation and internalizing symptoms are important risk factors for NSSI across countries. Emotional suppression and emotional dysregulation were the most prevalent emotion regulation strategies in Iran, whereas emotional integration was most prevalent in the Belgian sample. Conclusion Our study highlights cultural differences on the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health. But it also indicates the importance of certain universal risk factors, for example, emotional dysregulation. These findings can inform developers to tailor programs for (early) intervention culturally.
The microstructural change of the brain and its clinical severity association in pediatric Tourette syndrome patients
Authors: Hsu Chia-Jui , Wong Lee Chin , Wang Hsin-Pei , Chung Yi-Chun , Kao Te-Wei , Weng Chen-Hsiang , Wu Wen-Chau , Peng Shinn-Forng , Tseng Wen-Yih Isaac , Lee Wang-Tso 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a prevalent pediatric neurological disorder. Most studies point to abnormalities in the cortico-striato-thalamocortical (CSTC) circuits. Neuroimaging studies have shown GTS’s extensive impact on the entire brain. However, due to participant variability and potential drug and comorbidity impact, the results are inconsistent. To mitigate the potential impact of participant heterogeneity, we excluded individuals with comorbidities or those currently undergoing medication treatments. Based on the hypothesis of abnormality within the CSTC circuit, we investigated microstructural changes in white matter using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). This study offers the first examination of microstructural changes in treatment-naïve pediatric patients with pure GTS using diffusion spectrum imaging.

Methods
This single-center prospective study involved 30 patients and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers who underwent sagittal T1-weighted MRI and DSI. We analyzed generalized fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity.

Results
No significant differences were observed in mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity values between the two groups. However, the patient group exhibited significantly higher generalized fractional anisotropy values in the right frontostriatal tract of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the right frontostriatal tract of the precentral gyrus, and bilateral thalamic radiation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Additionally, the generalized fractional anisotropy value of the right frontostriatal tract of the precentral gyrus is inversely correlated with the total tic severity scores at the most severe condition.

Conclusion
Treatment-naïve pediatric GTS patients demonstrated increased connectivity within the CSTC circuit as per diffusion spectrum imaging, indicating possible CSTC circuit dysregulation. This finding could also suggest a compensatory change. It thus underscores the necessity of further investigation into the fundamental pathological changes in GTS. Nevertheless, the observed altered connectivity in GTS patients might serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Evaluating the impacts of the demerit points system on traffic law violations and driver involvement in road accidents in Israel
Authors: Gitelman Victoria , Doveh Etti , Korchatov Anna , Elias Wafa , Hakkert Shalom 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDemerit points systems (DPS) have been used in many countries as a means for improving road safety, by monitoring traffic law violations of drivers and applying corrective measures to repeat offenders, while knowledge on their safety impacts is yet incomplete. This study examined the DPS impacts on committing traffic offenses and accident involvement of drivers, in Israel, based on files of the national Licensing Authority and complementary accident files. Models were developed to evaluate changes in violation and accident rates of drivers, who underwent the DPS corrective measures, in after the treatment related to the before period, and accounting for changes observed in the matched comparison-groups. The findings showed that during the three-year period after the measures' implementation, the decrease in committing violations was of 70%, and simultaneously, there was a decrease in drivers' accident involvement, on average, of 1% in severe accidents and of 11% in total injury accidents. The effects were consistent across various groups of drivers by the corrective measures applied and the type of license. The study results support the continued use of the DPS, to improve drivers' behaviors and road safety. To increase its impacts at the national level, the DPS implementation should be supported by stable police enforcement and publicity efforts.
Development and validation of a screening method for difficult tracheal intubation based on geometric simulation and computer technology
Authors: Yu Yue , Cao Jingjing , Tang Xinyuan , Dong Zhiyuan , Xu Jianling , Wang Bin , Cheng Pingping , Wang Mingfang , Wu Yue , Yao Weidong , Jiang Xiaogan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The anatomical characteristics of difficult airways can be analysed geometrically. This study aims to develop and validate a geometry-assisted difficult airway screening method (GADAS method) for difficult tracheal intubation.

Methods
In the GADAS method, a geometric simulated model was established based on computer graphics. According to the law of deformation of the upper airway on laryngoscopy, the expected visibility of the glottis was calculated to simulate the real visibility on laryngoscopy. Validation of the new method: Approved by the Ethics Committee of Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College. Adult patients who needed tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia for elective surgery were enrolled. The data of patients were input into the computer software to calculate the expected visibility of the glottis. The results of tracheal intubation were recorded by anaesthesiologists. The primary observation outcome was the screening performance of the expected visibility of the glottis for difficult tracheal intubation.

Results
The geometric model and software of the GADAS method were successfully developed and are available for use. We successfully observed 2068 patients, of whom 56 patients had difficult intubation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of low expected glottis visibility for predicting difficult laryngoscopy was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–0.96). The sensitivity and specificity were 89.3% (95% CI: 78.1-96.0%) and 94.3% (95% CI: 93.2%-95.3), respectively.

Conclusions
It is feasible to screen difficult-airway patients by applying computer techniques to simulate geometric changes in the upper airway.
Comparing functional and quality of life outcomes in transcatheter aortic valve implantation and surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Duffy Michael , Lynch Amy , Reddin Catriona , Judge Conor , O’Donnell Martin , Murphy Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
To compare functional and health related quality of life outcomes post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with critical aortic stenosis (AS) across low to high-risk surgical candidates. These patient-centred factors will be compared between both groups in the short to medium term time frames and will aid in shared decision making between patients and healthcare workers.

Materials and methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials which compared TAVI with SAVR and reported on quality of life (QoL) and functional scores.
The scores used were the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), Euroqol-5DL (EQ5DL), the short form-36/12 (SF-36/12) and the NYHA.

Results
We identified eight trials with a total of 8898 participants. Both groups showed improvements from baseline at one month. At one month there was a statistically significant difference in standardised mean difference (SMD) in favour of TAVI for EQ5DL (SMD 0.37, 95% CI 0.26,0.49), KCCQ (SMD 0.53,95% CI 0.48, 0.58), SF physical summary (SMD 0.55, 95% CI 0.31 – 0.78) and SF mental summary (SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.27 – 0.40). At one year there was no statistically significant difference between any of these QoL metrics. For NYHA, no significant difference in odds ratio of class III/IV was observed at one month between TAVI and SAVR (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83, 1.07), however, TAVI was associated with reduced odds ratio of NYHA class I/II at one year (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78, 0.98).

Conclusion
Both groups were associated with improvements in QoL and functional outcomes with TAVI reporting more significant improvements in QoL at one-month post-procedures. No significant improvements between groups were seen at one year. This is the largest meta-analysis comparing post-operative health-related quality of life outcomes post SAVR and TAVI and has major implications in shared decision making for the treatment of aortic stenosis.
A Bayesian network perspective on neonatal pneumonia in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lin Yue , Chen Jia Shen , Zhong Ni , Zhang Ao , Pan Haiyan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To predict the influencing factors of neonatal pneumonia in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus using a Bayesian network model. By examining the intricate network connections between the numerous variables given by Bayesian networks (BN), this study aims to compare the prediction effect of the Bayesian network model and to analyze the influencing factors directly associated to neonatal pneumonia.

Method
Through the structure learning algorithms of BN, Naive Bayesian (NB), Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN), and k-Dependence Bayesian Classifier (KDB), complex networks connecting variables were presented and their predictive abilities were tested. The BN model and three machine learning models computed using the R bnlean package were also compared in the data set.

Results
In constraint-based algorithms, three algorithms had different presentation DAGs. KDB had a better prediction effect than NB and TAN, and it achieved higher AUC compared with TAN. Among three machine learning modes, Support Vector Machine showed a accuracy rate of 91.04% and 67.88% of precision, which was lower than TAN (92.70%; 72.10%).

Conclusion
KDB was applicable, and it can detect the dependencies between variables, identify more potential associations and track changes between variables and outcome.
Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among peoples living with HIV in East Africa, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw , Adela Getachew Asmare , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Zemene Melkamu Aderajaw , Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw , Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Gesese Molalign Melese , Yimer Nega , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, improved access to effective antiretroviral therapy has meant that people living with human immune virus are living longer than before. The burden of non-communicable diseases particularly, hypertension parallels with the increase in age. Although hypertension screening is thought to be an effective indicator of overall health status and paves the way for early interventions in peoples living with human immune virus, the exact prevalence of hypertension in this population remained unknown. We aimed to report the prevalence of hypertension and examine the factors associated with hypertension among people living with human immune virus in East Africa.

Methods
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar databases for studies published until January 1, 2023. The search period was from January 10/2023, to February 10/ 2023. Random-effect models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence of hypertension. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity. The Funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias.

Result
A total of 15 studies with 10,916 individuals were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypertension among people living with human immune virus was19.75% (95% CI, 16.07%-23.42%)),). The prevalence of hypertension was not differed between studies conducted 2014- 2019 and, studies conducted 2020–2022. The prevalence of hypertension was lowest in Ethiopia (16.13%) and highest in Tanzania (26.76%). Alcohol consumption (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 3.39, 95% CI: 2.35–4.43), diabetes (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.89–3.39), longer duration of HIV (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.15–2.3), male sex (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.43–1.8), obesity (AOR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.94–3.84), and older age (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 2.0–2.5), were the factors associated with the presence of hypertension in people living with human immune virus.

Conclusion
Our study shows that one in five peoples living with human immune virus have hypertension causing symptoms and impairment, therefore requiring treatment. Designing effective health screening and hypertension management intervention programs helps to prevent the occurrence of hypertension and promotes peoples’ overall quality of life.
Private school canteens: an analysis of the economic and financial aspects of the traditional and the healthy models
Authors: Vilela Luisa Arantes , de Lima Costa Bruna Vieira , Jardim Mariana Zogbi , Borges Luiza Delazari , do Carmo Ariene Silva , Inácio Monique Louise Cassimiro , Mendes Larissa Loures 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne of the reasons for the more prominent resistance of canteen managers to implementing healthy canteens is based on the belief in the economic infeasibility of these models. The research aimed to verify the economic and financial viability of traditional and healthy models of school canteens in a Brazilian metropolis.MethodsThe case study was carried out with 36 companies in the school canteen sector in a Brazilian metropolis. The classification of items sold in canteens considered the extent and purpose of food processing according to the NOVA Classification. The characterization and definition of traditional canteens and healthy canteens were proposed considering the amount of in natura or minimally processed foods and culinary preparations without the presence of ultra-processed foods; the percentage of ultra-processed foods or processed foods or culinary preparations with the presence of ultra-processed foods; and the existence of prohibited foods. The economic and financial analysis was carried out mainly through the evaluation of profitability. Data were collected through an electronic self-administered questionnaire sent to canteen managers. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare medians and the Chi-Square/Fisher’s Exact Test to compare proportions.ResultsThe study included six companies, responsible for 36 canteen units in private schools, 30 classified in the traditional model (83.3%), and six in the healthy model (16.7%). The median percentage of natural, minimally processed foods and commercialized culinary preparations was higher among the healthy model canteens (87.9% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.001). While the median percentage of ultra-processed, processed, or preparations with the presence of ultra-processed (40.0% vs. 12.1%, p < 0.001) and prohibited foods (10.0% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) sold was higher in the traditional model canteens. The results indicated that the profitability in the healthy canteens was higher (p < 0.001) than in the traditional ones.ConclusionsHealthy school canteens showed better financial and economic results compared to traditional canteens with emphasis on greater profitability and a shorter recovery time of the initial investment.
Research and application of a teaching platform for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia based on virtual reality and haptic feedback technology
Authors: Zheng Ting , Xie Huihong , Gao Fei , Gong Cansheng , Lin Wei , Ye Peng , Liu Yuqing , He Bingwei , Zheng Xiaochun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Intraspinal anesthesia poses significant teaching challenges and inadequate teaching resources, which ultimately limit students’ opportunities for practice. To address this issue, we aimed to develop a virtual platform for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia that merges virtual reality technology with haptic feedback technology, while assessing its educational impact and learning outcomes.

Methods
We utilized MIMICS, 3Ds MAX, and UNITY 3D software to perform 3D reconstruction based on lumbar CT/MRI data from a standard male volunteer. The haptic coefficients were configured on each layer by 20 experienced anesthesiologists in accordance with the Geomagic Touch X force feedback device. A total of 20 anesthesiology interns completed 30 virtual puncture training sessions. Two experienced anesthetists evaluated the efficacy of the platform and the level of mastery achieved using the Global Rating Scale (GRS) and a Checklist score, respectively. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted to gather feedback on the virtual platform.

Results
After the 10th session, the puncture time stabilized at 2.4 min. As the number of sessions increased, the Global Rating Scale (GRS) score stabilized by the 8th session, and the Checklist scores tended to stabilize by the 10th session. Results from questionnaires indicated that over half of the anesthesiology interns (70%) believed that the platform, which exhibited strong repeatability, improved their anatomical recognition and provided a strong sense of breakthrough in identifying the ligamentum flavum. The majority of them (80%) expressed satisfaction with the virtual platform.

Conclusions
The platform effectively facilitated the acquisition of basic and accurate puncture skills on a virtual patient.
Staff resilience and innovation essential to New York City diabetes prevention programs going virtual during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns
Authors: Smith Eleanor J. , Apfelbaum Leora J. , Yeh Ming-Chin , Horlyck-Romanovsky Margrethe F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 lockdowns in March 2020 forced National Diabetes Prevention Programs (DPPs) to pause, cancel or reformulate. This qualitative study sought to (a) document if/how New York City(NYC) DPPs adapted and served participants during lockdowns, and (b) identify successes and challenges to operating programs during the lockdowns and restrictions on social gathering.

Methods
Researchers contacted 47 CDC-registered DPPs in NYC. Eleven DPP directors, lifestyle coaches, and coordinators involved in program implementation completed 1-hour semi-structured virtual interviews and received a $50 gift card. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Grounded Theory (Dedoose, Version 9).

Results
Interviewees represented 7 organization types: public hospitals, weight loss programs, healthcare centers, community-based organizations, health insurance companies, faith-based DPPs, and federally qualified health centers. DPPs served participants in 4 of 5 NYC boroughs. Six organizations provided DPP services during lockdowns by going virtual. Successes and challenges related to staffing, resource allocation, virtual data tracking, and participant engagement. Most programs were successful due to resilient, dedicated, and extraordinarily innovative staff.

Conclusion
The pandemic highlighted opportunities for successful virtual DPPs in urban settings, and the need for more robust funding, staff support, and technical assistance for sustainability and scalability of the DPP.