bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steele‐Richardson‐Olszewski‐Syndrome: Reduction of dopamine D2 receptor binding relates to the severity of midbrain atrophy in vivo: 123IBZM SPECT and MRI study
Authors: Arnold Guy , Tatsch Klaus , Kraft Eduardo , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Schwarz Johannes 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPatients with the clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) show heterogeneous neuropathological findings. In neuropathologically proven cases with numerous neurofibrillary tangles of neuropil threads, the brainstem and striatum are always affected. We compared 123I‐iodobenzamide single photon emission computed tomography (IBZM‐SPECT) for imaging of striatal dopamine D2 receptors in vivo with high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 13 patients with possible or probable PSP. Clinically, all patients exhibited similar signs including supranuclear vertical–down‐gaze palsy, axial rigidity especially involving the neck, bradykinesia, instability of balance with easy falls, and a poor response to dopaminergic drugs.Specific striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in IBZM‐SPECT was reduced in 10 patients but was normal in three patients. Mean midbrain diameter was 23.7 mm. The reduction of IBZM‐binding was statistically significantly correlated to midbrain atrophy (P = 0.010) either in all 13 patients or in those without striatal or white matter lesions (P = 0.015). We suggest that technical investigations, mainly MRI, are able to corroborate the in vivo diagnosis, if PSP is clinically suspected. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Reaction time is not impaired by stimulation of the ventral‐intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim) in patients with tremor
Authors: Flament Didier , Shapiro Mark B. , Pfann Kerstin D. , Moore Charity G. , Penn Richard D. , Corcos Daniel M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied the effect of high‐frequency electrical stimulation of the ventral‐intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim) in four patients implanted with chronic stimulators to determine whether this procedure adversely affects reaction time to a proprioceptive stimulus. Two patients had undergone this surgery for treatment of tremor resulting from Parkinson's disease insufficiently responsive to levodopa therapy and two patients for treatment of essential tremor. Reaction times to auditory, visual, cutaneous, and proprioceptive stimuli were tested in a simple motor task requiring flexion of the elbow joint to a visual target in response to each stimulus. Reaction times were tested postoperatively with and without the stimulator turned on. We found that reaction time for all stimulus modalities was not increased when the stimulator was turned on; in fact, reaction times were, on average, slightly shorter during stimulation, but this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that transmission of somatosensory inputs, necessary for initiating voluntary movement, from the periphery to the cortex is not significantly impaired by stimulation of the ventral‐intermediate nucleus of the thalamus in patients with pathological tremor. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Analysis of circular microstrip antennas on low‐ and high‐relative‐permittivity substrates
Authors: Verma A. K. , Nasimuddin  
Published: October 2002

AbstractA simple and accurate cavity model called the modified Wolff model (MWM) is presented to compute the resonance frequency and input impedance of the circular microstrip antenna on the PTFE, alumina, and GaAs substrates. Results of the MWM show better agreement with the experimental results as compared to results of the commercial software; namely, the standard cavity model adopted in the PCAAD, the multiport cavity model (MCM), and the method‐of‐moments– (MOM) based Ensemble. The MWM works with high accuracy on both the thin and thick substrates and from microwave to millimeter‐wave range. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 75–80, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10377
Neural network with knowledge‐based neurons for the modeling of crossover discontinuities in stripline circuits
Authors: Hong J. S. , Wang B. Z. , Hu B. J. , Liu Y. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel three‐layer neural network with knowledge‐based neurons in hidden layer (NNKBN) has been applied to model the crossover discontinuities in stripline circuits. The NNKBN model is electromagnetically developed with a set of data that are produced by the full‐wave finite‐difference–time‐domain method. Numerical experiments show that the NNKBN model has many advantages over the conventional multilayer perceptron model. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 107–109, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10387
Planar L‐strip fed broadband microstrip antenna
Authors: Mridula S. , Menon Sreedevi K. , Lethakumary B. , Paul Binu , Aanandan C. K. , Mohanan P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA broadband rectangular microstrip antenna utilizing an electromagnetically coupled L‐strip feed is presented. Experimental study shows a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of ≈ 10% and excellent cross‐polarization performance with a radiation coverage almost as same as that of the rectangular microstrip antenna fed by conventional methods. The variation of bandwidth for different feed parameters is also studied. The proposed antenna is suitable for broadband communications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 115–117, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10390
Radiation efficiency and impedance bandwidth of conductor‐backed CPW‐FED slot dipole antenna with two‐layered dielectric substrate
Authors: Jacobs J. P. , Joubert J. , Odendaal J. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRadiation efficiency and impedance bandwidth of optimally matched conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide‐fed slot dipoles on two‐layer substrates are investigated as a function of bottom substrate layer height. It is demonstrated that low radiation efficiency due to parasitic parallel‐plate modes may be notably improved through increased height of the bottom layer at the cost of decreasing bandwidth. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 138–141, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10396
A comparison study of EM and physical equivalent circuit modeling for MIM CMOS capacitors
Authors: Xiong X. Z. , Fusco V. F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this Letter a new physical model for metal–insulator–metal CMOS capacitors is presented. In the model the parameters of the circuit are derived from the physical structural details. Physical behaviors due to metal skin effect and inductance have been considered. The model has been confirmed by 3D EM simulator and design rules proposed. The model presented is scalable with capacitor geometry, allowing designers to predict and optimize quality factor. The approach has been verified for MIM CMOS capacitors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 177–181, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10409
Robust application of the complex images technique to the full‐wave analysis of slot‐like transmission lines
Authors: Bernal Joaquín , Medina Francisco , Boix Rafael R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this Letter, the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) method is used in conjunction with the complex images technique to carry out a full‐wave analysis of a multiconductor coplanar waveguide (CPW) embedded in a layered substrate. Special attention is paid to the correct application of the method so as to maintain high accuracy and stability of the numerical results. It is shown that the procedure only provides a robust and accurate approach when the complex images expansion variable is properly chosen and the singularities of the Green's functions are properly handled. Numerical problems arise in any other case. In particular, it is demonstrated that the two‐level sampling scheme used by some authors is not enough to overcome the numerical problems. However, the two‐level sampling method is shown to be essential to deal with the presence of extremely thin substrate layers such as those found in multichip‐module‐deposition (MCM‐D) technologies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 198–203, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10416
Applications of hybrid discrete Fourier transform moment method to the fast analysis of large rectangular dipole arrays printed on a thin grounded dielectric substrate
Authors: Chou Hsi‐Tseng , Ho Hsien‐Kwei , Civi O. A. , Erturk Vakur B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecently a discrete Fourier transform–method of moments (DFT‐MoM) scheme was developed for fast analysis of electrically large rectangular planar dipole arrays, which has been shown to be very efficient in terms of number reduction of unknown variables and computational complexity. The applications of this DFT‐MoM to treat dipole arrays printed on a grounded dielectric substrate are examined in this Letter. Numerical results are presented to validate its efficiency and accuracy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 203–207, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10417
Wideband finite‐difference–time‐domain beam propagation method
Authors: Lim J. J. , Benson T. M. , Larkins E. C. , Sewell P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA wide‐band finite‐difference–time‐domain beam propagation method (FD TD‐BPM) based on Padé approximants is introduced to improve the bandwidth of the conventional TD‐BPM. Numerical dispersion relations for the TD‐BPM are derived to demonstrate the increase in bandwidth of the wide‐band TD‐BPM. The effects of the spatial and time step sizes on the numerical dispersion are also investigated. It is shown that the wide‐band TD‐BPM is less sensitive to the choice of spatial step size and allows a larger time step size to be used compared to the finite‐difference time‐domain (FD‐TD) method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 243–247, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10428
Multimedia applications using optical FFH‐CDMA communication systems
Authors: Thiruchelvi M. , Meenakshi M. , Geetha G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this Letter multimedia transmission in an optical‐fiber network using a fast frequency hopping–code division multiple access scheme is discussed. The multirate one coincidence variable length frequency hop patterns have been generated and their auto‐ and cross‐correlation properties are studied. A series of multiple Bragg gratings in a single optical fiber has been proposed to implement the encoder and decoder. Bit‐error‐rate analysis assuming Gaussian approximation for the error probability has been carried out. The results of the numerical analysis reveal that this system can support up to 30 simultaneous users with two different data rates (e.g., 500 Mbps and 2 Gbps). It can be concluded from the results that the fast frequency hopping–optical code division multiple access system is capable of supporting multimedia applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 259–263, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10432
A novel algorithm for high sensitivity in measuring surface variation based on volume holography
Authors: Sun Ching‐Cherng , Hsu Chih‐Yuan , Su Wei‐Chia , Ouyang Yuh , Chang Jenq‐Yang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel design for the precise measurement of surface variation based on volume holography is proposed. The volume hologram is a spatial filter, which records the index grating corresponding to the interference fringes by a plane wave and a divergent spherical wave. In the measuring process, a point source attached to a probe is used to read the hologram. A precise measurement can be achieved because the horizontal displacement of the point source is very sensitive to the hologram. This sensitivity is higher than that of a holographic confocal microscopy based on the longitudinal displacement. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 319–321, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10448
Acute arrhythmogenicity of first‐dose chemotherapeutic agents in children
Authors: Massin Martial M. , Dresse Marie‐Françoise , Schmitz Véronique , Hoyoux Claire , Chantraine Jean‐Marie , Lepage Philippe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapeutic agents have been reported to cause severe arrhythmias and sudden death in the first 24 hr after administration. In this prospective study, we determined the magnitude of acute arrhythmogenicity of those agents in children.ProcedureThirty‐three patients with diverse malignancies (leukemia n = 16, Wilms tumor n = 3, brain tumor n = 3, lymphoma n = 3, others n = 8) were studied with Holter monitors 24 hr before, during, and in the first 24 hr following the first‐dose therapy.ResultsTwo patients experienced conduction disturbances (phases of 2nd degree sinuatrial and atrioventricular blocks) during a 4‐hr period corresponding to a 30 mg/m2 daunorubicin infusion. Eight patients experienced supraventricular extrasystoly (SE), ventricular extrasystoly (VE), and/or short salvos of supraventricular (SVT) and/or ventricular tachycardia (VT). Six had leukemia (therapy: daunorubicin + vincristine), one had a lymphoma (therapy: vincristine + cyclophosphamide), and the last one a brain tumor (therapy: carboplatin + procarbazine). Three patients with leukemia had pretreatment arrhythmias (1 VT, 2 SVT). One of them and the five other patients had arrhythmias during and after the first‐dose therapy (2 VE, 2 SVT, 1 SVT + VE, 1 VE + SE + SVT). No patient had life‐threatening arrhythmias and no prognostic value of those disturbances could be demonstrated.ConclusionsConduction disturbances and arrhythmias are common in cancer children at the beginning of the therapy, but no acute or long‐term adverse consequences are related to their appearance. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:93–98. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Normal monocyte‐derived dendritic cell function in patients with langerhans‐cell‐histiocytosis
Authors: Holter Wolfgang , Ressmann Gabriele , Grois Nicole , Lehner Manfred , Parolini Ornella , Gadner Helmut 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a histiocytic disease, characterized by the lesional accumulation of dendritic Langerhans cells together with T cells and eosinophils. The cause of this disease is unknown. Langerhans cells are bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (DCs), which can develop from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as from monocytes.ProcedureTo test whether LCH patients have a general functional defect present in cells of their DC lineage, we generated immature DCs by culturing monocytes from nine patients with single‐ or multisystem LCH with GM‐CSF and IL‐4, and analyzed their phenotype and function before and after an in vitro maturation stimulus. Immature DCs were analyzed for their phenotype and cytokine production, DCs matured in response to TNF‐α plus PGE2 were analyzed for their phenotype, their stimulatory capacity in MLR, cell aggregation, and activation‐induced apoptosis.ResultsIn summary, no difference was found between both immature as well as mature DCs generated from patients and controls regarding the expression of CD1a, CD80, CD86, MHC class I, and MCH class II antigens. Similarly, no difference was found regarding IL‐10, ‐12, and TNF‐α production, as well as regarding cell aggregation and apoptosis in response to external stimuli.ConclusionsThe absence of gross functional abnormalities in DCs generated from monocytes from patients with LCH makes the existence of a severe functional defect affecting all cells of the DC lineage in these patients unlikely. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:181–186. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of a calotropagenin‐derived artifact from Calotropis procera
Authors: Hanna Atef G. , Shalaby Nagwa M. M. , Morsy Nagy A. M. , Simon András , Tóth Gábor , Malik Shahid , Duddeck Helmut 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIsolation of a new artifact (1) from Calotropis procera is reported which, apparently, is formed from the precursor calotropagenin (4) when exposed to methanol during work‐up. In addition, two more known cardenolides (2 and 3) could be identified. The structure of 1 and its full 1H and 13C signal assignment were accomplished by 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurophysiology of Rett syndrome
Authors: Glaze Daniel G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeurophysiological evaluations have been widely applied in the study of Rett syndrome (RS) to provide information concerning the developmental aspects of RS; the character and extent of involvement of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system pathways; and evaluation of the clinical symptomatology of RS. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is invariably abnormal and shows characteristic, though not diagnostic, changes: loss of expected developmental features; the appearance of focal, multifocal, and generalized epileptiform abnormalities; and the occurrence of rhythmic slow (theta) activity primarily in the frontal‐central regions. Epileptic seizures are reported to occur frequently in RS, and partial and generalized seizures may be experienced by RS girls. However, many events presumed to be seizures have no EEG correlate during video‐EEG monitoring, suggesting the possibility of a nonepileptic mechanism. Such monitoring may be necessary to determine appropriate use of antiepileptic drugs. Evoked potentials typically demonstrate intact peripheral auditory and visual pathways and suggest dysfunction of central or “higher” cortical pathways. Somatosensory‐evoked potentials may be characterized by “giant” responses, suggesting cortical hyperexcitability. An increased incidence of long QT intervals during electrocardiographic recordings and diminished heart‐rate variability, suggesting impairment of the autonomic nervous system, are described in RS. With the discovery of the genetic basis of RS, neurophysiological studies will provide parameters for phenotype‐genotype correlations and characterization of animal models. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:66–71. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of the effect of CSF suppression on white matter diffusion anisotropy mapping of healthy human brain
Authors: Papadakis Nikos G. , Martin Kay M. , Mustafa Mohammed H. , Wilkinson Iain D. , Griffiths Paul D. , Huang Chris L.‐H. , Woodruff Peter W.R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHealthy human brain diffusion anisotropy maps derived from standard spin echo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were compared with those using fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) preparation prior to DTI to null the signal from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Consistent comparisons entailed development of DTI postprocessing methods, image masking based on fitting quality, and an objective region‐of‐interest‐based method for assessment of white matter extent. FLAIR DTI achieved an extended delineation of major white‐matter tracts (genu, splenium, and body of the corpus callosum) close to large CSF‐filled spaces (lateral ventricles), but did not affect representation of tracts remote from CSF (internal and external capsules and coronal radiation). This result, which was detectable qualitatively (visual inspection), was verified quantitatively by analyses of the relative anisotropy (RA) distribution over white matter structures for 11 subjects. FLAIR DTI thus suppresses the CSF signal that otherwise masks underlying anisotropic parenchymal tissue through partial volume averaging. Magn Reson Med 48:394–398, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contractile muscle volume and agonist‐antagonist coactivation account for differences in torque between young and older women
Authors: Macaluso Andrea , Nimmo Myra A , Foster John E. , Cockburn Muriel , McMillan Nigel C. , De Vito Giuseppe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt is controversial whether specific tension (the ratio between muscle strength and size) declines with aging. Therefore, contractile muscle volume was estimated separately from the intramuscular noncontractile tissue by magnetic resonance imaging, and maximum isometric torque was measured in the knee extensors and flexors of 10 young (22.8 ± 5.7 years) and 10 older (69.5 ± 2.4 years) healthy active women. Specific tension was lower in the older women both in the extensors (93.1 ± 20.1 kN·m−2 vs. 112.1 ± 12.3 kN·m−2; P < 0.05) and in the flexors (100 ± 31 kN·m−2 vs. 142.7 ± 23.9 kN·m−2; P < 0.01). This was accompanied by an increase in the percentage coactivation of the knee flexors during knee extension. These data suggest that the lower level of muscle torque in the older women can be explained not only by smaller contractile muscle mass but also by increased coactivation of the antagonist muscles during knee extension. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
New evidence for a presynaptic action of prednisolone at neuromuscular junctions
Authors: Dal Belo Cháriston André , Leite Gildo Bernardo , Fontana Marcos Dias , Corrado Alexandre Pinto , Zanandréa Baso Ana Cristina , Moreno Serra Carmen Sílvia , Oliveira Antonio Carlos , Rodrigues‐Simioni Léa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe action of prednisolone at the neuromuscular junction was studied in mouse isolated phrenic nerve–diaphragm and rat external popliteal/sciatic nerve–tibialis anterior muscle preparations. Prednisolone (0.03 mM and 0.3 mM) did not alter the twitch‐tension in phrenic nerve–diaphragm preparations after 120 min, but increased the frequency (170 ± 4%) and amplitude (200 ± 13%) of miniature end‐plate potentials. Quantal content was not influenced by the glucocorticoid treatment. Prednisolone (400 μg/kg) did not change the twitch‐tension in rat external popliteal/sciatic nerve–tibialis anterior muscle preparations. However, this steroid (0.3 mM) prevented the neuromuscular blockade by d‐tubocurarine (1.45 μM) in mouse preparations by 70 ± 10% (P < 0.05). A similar effect (82 ± 6% protection, P < 0.05) occurred in rats treated with prednisolone (400 μg/kg) before d‐tubocurarine (225 μg/kg). In phrenic nerve–diaphragm preparations, prednisolone (0.3 mM) increased (13 ± 4%, p < 0.05) the twitch‐tension in the presence of β‐bungarotoxin (1 μM), and prevented the blockade produced by this toxin (0.15 μM) in its third phase of action. This presynaptic facilitatory effect may contribute to the usefulness of prednisolone in myasthenia gravis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 37‐43, 2002