bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CORRELATION OF GASTRIC INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AMONG FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Abdullah Murdani , Rani A Aziz 
Published: March 2003

Background:It is generally accepted that intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a pre cursor of gastric cancer and is associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. But still little data available about association of IM and Hp in different clinical groups of patients, especially in areas with high Hp prevalence.Aim:to evaluate the IM and itís correlation with Hp infection in consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).Methods:a retrospective review of our endoscopy database and histological data from January 1997 to December 1999 was made. In this period we performed 3083 upper intestinal endoscopy in patients with FD. Endoscopy procedure was done without any specific preparation for Hp evaluation. Biopsy specimen were taken from antrum and corpus and were stained with Giemsa, H&E and Alcian Blue. Histological data was evaluated by pathologist from Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Indonesia according to the Sydney System. IM was evaluated as present or absent. One hundred and fourteen consecutive data were eligible for statistical analysis.Results:Histological data of 114 patients with FD was analyzed. Average age was 45.47 years (SD 14.32), male 62.3 % (71/114), and female 37.7 % (43/114). Forty‐eight (42.11%) patients with FD were Hp positive on histology and were significantly older than Hp negative. (48.74 +12.65/43.25+15.04; p < 0.05). IM was present in 13 ( 11.4%) patients with FD. They were significantly older than the patients without IM (mean age 55.08+11.98/44.23+14.18; p <0.05) Frequency of IM was similar both in Hp positive and Hp negative patients with FD (12.5%/10.6%; p>0.05).Conclusions:IM among patients with FD was 11.4%. IM was significantly more frequent found in older age but our data suggest that IM is not related to Hp status in FD patients.
ORAL THERAPEUTIC IMMUNIZATION WITH EXTRACT OF HELICOBACTER MURIDARUM AND CHOLERA TOXIN SUB UNIT B FOR ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN INFECTED MICE
Authors: Wibawa I D.n , Suata K. , Mulyadi K. , S Suwigyo 
Published: March 2003

Objective Helicobacter muridarum is one of specific spiral bacterial that inhabits stomach and intestine of mice and rats. Microbiologically this pathogen was almost similar with Helicobacter pylori. This research was the first experimental study in oral therapeutic immunization for eradication of Helicobacter pylori on infected mice by using the extract of Helicobacter muridarum with cholera toxin sub unit B.Material & MethodMice were divided into three different group of treatment. The first group consist of 12 mice received therapeutic oral immunization with Helicobacter muridarum bacterial protein and cholera toxin sub unit B (CT+Ag). The second group consist of 12 mice received the same treatment with cholera toxin sub unit B (CT). The third group consist of 5 mice as control without vaccination.ResultOf 12 mice known to have Helicobacter pylori infection and received immunization with 250 μg extract to Helicobacter muridarum in combination with 10 μg cholera toxin sub unit B, the eradication rate on day‐7, 14, and 21post immunization were 2 (16.7%), 3 (25%), and 5 (41.7%) mice, respectively. One week after the third immunization, of 12 mice that received the first treatment (CT+Ag) we found 7 (58.34%) mice were eradicated. From 12 mice vaccinated with cholera toxin sub unit B (CT), at day‐7, 14, and 21 post immunization there were 0 (0%), 1 (8.4%), and 2 (18.19%) mice showed negative faecal culture for Helicobacter pylori. However, in untreated control group all showed positive faecal culture for Helicobacter pylori throughout the experiment. The immune response serologically proved by the increase of IgG anti‐Helicobacter muridarum titre that statistically significant difference among treated group after the second week of the experiment.ConclusionResults of this study suggest that oral therapeutic immunization using extract of Helicobacter muridarum combined with cholera toxin sub unit B eradicated 58.34% mice infected by Helicobacter pylori. The successful of this oral therapeutic immunization showed cross immune reaction between Helicobacter muridarum and Helicobacter pylori.
CHARACTERISTIC OF GASTRIC CANCER IN INDONESIA: THE ROLE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION
Authors: Abdullah Murdani , Rani A Aziz , Daldiyono  
Published: March 2003

BackgroundGastric cancer is the second most common fatal malignancy in the world. In 1996, approximately one million new cases of gastric cancer were found. It is generally agreed that the pathogenesis is multifactorial which may include, dietary factors, environmental factors, bacterial and viral infections.Aimto evaluate the frequent of gastric cancer in Indonesia and itís relating factors.MethodsA sample size of 7902 subjects were determined based on hospital data of dyspeptic patients following gastroduodenoscopy procedure from January 1997 to September 1999. Patients were recruited from 9 endoscopic centers located in 5 cities in Indonesia. Endoscopic biopsy specimens were taken 2 specimens from the antrum (2 cm from pylorus) and 2 specimens from the corpus. Helicobacter pylori infections were determined by serology (ELISA), rapid urea test (CLO test), or histopathology examination using Haematoxyline Eosin and Giemsa staining. The criteria used to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection were a positive result either from one of these tests and/or in combination.ResultsThe frequent of proximal gastric cancer and distal gastric cancer finding were 0.63 % and 0.54 %, consecutively. In the proximal and distal gastric cancer groups the present of Helicobacter pylori were 55.77 % and 85.36 %, consecutively (p>0.05). The finding of gastric cancer among ethnic groups were 0.65 % for Chinese ethnicity and 0.81 % for Non‐Chinese ethnicity, statistically has no significant different (p=0,9514). The distal‐to‐proximal gastric cancer ratio was 0.85. The proximal gastric cancer more frequent to be found in the age group of 41‐60 years old (47.83%), while the distal gastric cancer in the age group of 51‐70 years old (61.54%).ConclusionThe distal‐to‐proximal gastric cancer ratio was 0.85. The present of Helicobacter pylori were lower in proximal gastric cancer rather than distal gastric cancer, but statistically has of no significant.
Hepatitis E: An overview and recent advances in clinical and laboratory research
Authors: Aggarwal Rakesh , Krawczynski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non‐enveloped RNA (7.5 kb) virus that is responsible for large epidemics of acute hepatitis and a proportion of sporadic hepatitis cases in southeast and central Asia, the Middle East, parts of Africa and Mexico. Hepatitis E virus infection spreads by the faecal–oral route (usually through contaminated water) and presents after an incubation period of 8–10 weeks with a clinical illness resembling other forms of acute viral hepatitis. Clinical attack rates are the highest among young adults. Asymptomatic and anicteric infections are known to occur. Chronic HEV infection is not observed. Although the mortality rate is usually low (0.07–0.6%), the illness may be particularly severe among pregnant women, with mortality rates reaching as high as 25%. Recent isolation of a swine virus resembling human HEV has opened the possibility of zoonotic HEV infection. Studies of pathogenetic events in humans and experimental animals reveal that viral excretion begins approximately 1 week prior to the onset of illness and persists for nearly 2 weks; viraemia can be detected during the late phase of the incubation period. Immunoglobulin M antibody to HEV (anti‐HEV) appears early during clinical illness but disappears rapidly over a few months. Immunoglobulin G anti‐HEV appears a few days later and persists for at least a few years. There is no specific treatment available for hepatitis E virus infection. Ensuring a clean drinking water supply remains the best preventive strategy. Recombinant vaccines are being developed that may be particularly useful for travellers to disease‐endemic areas and for pregnant women.
Evaluation of autonomic nervous function in patients with essential hypertension complicated with peptic ulcer
Authors: Yukinaka Michiko , Nomura Masahiro , Saijyo Tetsuya , Nada Tomomi , Miyajima Hitoshi , Kondo Yuki , Saito Ken , Nakaya Yutaka , Ito Susumu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aims
: The relationship between peptic ulcer, autonomic activity and the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in untreated hypertensive patients complicated with peptic ulcer were evaluated.
Methods
: Ten hypertensive patients with peptic ulcer (HT‐PU group), 15 untreated essential hypertensive patients without peptic ulcer (HT group) and 10 normal subjects (N group) were enrolled, and a power spectral analysis was performed in each subject. A biopsy urease test was used to detect infection by H. pylori.
Results
: No significant differences were observed in the values of mean low‐frequency (LF) power between the three groups. However, the mean high‐frequency (HF) power in the HT‐PU group was significantly greater than those of the HT and N groups (P < 0.01). The mean LF/HF ratios in the HT‐PU and HT groups were significantly greater than that of the N group (P < 0.01). With respect to H. pylori infection, no significant differences between the three groups were observed. Sympathetic activity (LF power) was increased in the HT and HT‐PU groups. Furthermore, parasympathetic activity (HF power) was increased in the HT‐PU group.
Conclusions
: These findings suggest the participation of increased parasympathetic activity in peptic ulcer patients. Therefore, it is suggested that new techniques, such as spectral analysis of heart rate variability, as used in this study, will clarify the relationship between peptic ulcer and autonomic nervous function.
Clarithromycin‐resistance and point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Japan
Authors: Umegaki Noriko , Shimoyama Tadashi , Nishiya Daisuke , Suto Toshiyuki , Fukuda Shinsaku , Munakata Akihiro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin is mostly due to the point mutations in the 23S rRNA. In Japan, however, the frequency of these mutations has not been fully investigated. Furthermore, no study has used gastric biopsy specimens to detect these point mutations.
Methods
: The frequency of primary clarithromycin‐resistant H. pylori was examined by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Eighty‐two strains (42 isolated from patients with gastric cancer and 40 isolated from patients with chronic gastritis) were examined. Two biopsy specimens obtained from patients in whom eradication therapy including clarithromycin had failed were also studied.
Results
: Either A2143G or A2144G point mutation was detected in 90% of clarithromycin‐resistant H. pylori strains. Eight out of 82 strains (9.8%) had either A2143G or A2144G point mutation. Only one out of 42 strains in patients with gastric cancer had A2143G mutation, whereas five strains had A2144G and two had A2143G mutations in 40 strains isolated from control subjects. The proportion was significantly lower in patients with early gastric cancer (P < 0.05). This PCR‐RFLP was also applicable for DNA samples extracted from biopsy specimens and infection of clarithromycin‐resistant H. pylori was observed.
Conclusion
: The results suggest that the point mutation in the 23S rRNA gene is commonly seen in clarithromycin‐resistant H. pylori and it contributes to the treatment failure in Japan. The PCR‐RFLP system is a sensitive method by which to diagnose H. pylori infection as well as a simple method for detecting clarithromycin resistance without bacterial culture.
Acute hepatic failure: A Western perspective
Authors: Ostapowicz George , Lee William M 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAcute hepatic failure (AHF) is an uncommon, devastating syndrome, which results in death or the need for liver transplantation in more than 50% of cases. While AHF has numerous causes, most cases are due to viral hepatitis and drug toxicity or idiosyncratic reactions. A significant group with indeterminate causation remains, despite careful investigation. In many of these cases a viral aetiology is suspected, although yet not proven. Major differences exist in the aetiology of AHF between the West and Eastern countries. A wider range of aetiologies exists in the West. Common causes include acetaminophen toxicity and idiosyncratic drug reactions, while viral hepatitis is less frequent. Hepatitis E infection is rarely seen in Western countries in contrast to its high prevalence in the East. The mainstay of AHF management is supportive care in an intensive care unit. Liver transplantation is now the standard of care in many Western liver units for individuals who have a less than 20% probability of survival. Lack of availability of donor livers at short notice remains a significant problem. Methods of liver support used while waiting for a donor liver or for the native liver to regenerate include bioartificial livers, extracorporeal liver‐assist devices, extracorporeal whole organ perfusion (human and transgenic pig) and hepatocyte transplantation. The effectiveness of these methods remains unproven and awaits controlled clinical trials. Both transplantation and liver‐support methods require specialized units and expensive and complicated equipment. Further research is necessary to identify modalities of therapy that would be effective as well as widely accessible.
Perihepatic lymphadenopathy in chronic hepatitis C: A complementary diagnostic element?
Authors: Ierna Dario , D’Amico Rosa Anna , Antoci Salvatore , Campanile Enrico , Neri Sergio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aims
: The authors searched for perihepatic lymph nodes during ultrasonography performed for other symptoms in 1222 Sicilian outpatients in order to assess the incidence and possible significance of the association of perihepatic lymph nodes and chronic hepatitis C.
Method
: One or two lymph nodes were observed in 184/1222 patients, and 142 of these 184 were anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive. Results: Our results confirmed a very high incidence of perihepatic lymphadenopathy during chronic hepatitis. The concomitant presence of HCV virus and perihepatic lymph nodes may confirm the marked lymphotropism of this virus.
Conclusion
: As anti‐HCV positivity is frequent in asymptomatic subjects with normal alanine aminotransferase concentrations, the authors believe that searching for sentinel perihepatic lymph nodes during abdominal ultrasonography could be recommended in routine diagnostic screening for HCV infection. Any perihepatic lymph nodes detected by this method could pinpoint subjects for whom more specific examinations are required, especially in areas where the virus is particularly endemic.
Alcohol consumption induces hepatocyte apoptosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Pianko Stephen , Patella Shane , Sievert William 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Epidemiological studies have established that heavy alcohol consumption in persons with chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis. The cellular mechanisms underlying this process, which appear to occur over decades, are unknown. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis has been observed in association with hepatitis C infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and hepatocyte apoptosis in hepatitis C‐infected patients.
Methods
: Liver tissue from 20 hepatitis C‐infected patients with variable alcohol consumption, and 10 normal control subjects was examined for hepatocyte apoptosis, proliferation and bcl‐2 expression.
Results
: Hepatocyte apoptosis was significantly greater in hepatitis C‐infected patients than in controls. In hepatitis C‐infected patients, significantly more hepatocyte apoptosis was seen in those consuming at least 30 g per day of alcohol compared with those drinking less than 10 g daily. Bcl‐2, an inhibitor of apoptosis, was not detected in liver tissue from patients with the highest ethanol intake and rate of hepatocyte apoptosis. In contrast, patients drinking lesser amounts of ethanol had lower rates of hepatocyte apoptosis and more frequent bcl‐2 expression.
Conclusions
: This study confirms that both hepatitis C infection and ethanol consumption induce hepatocyte apoptosis in humans. Ethanol‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis has previously been shown only in animal models of alcohol‐related liver injury. The precise role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C‐related liver injury remains unclear, but its induction may be related to downregulation of bcl‐2 expression associated with ethanol consumption.
Use of immunomodulatory therapy (other than interferon) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Lau George Kk 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health threat in Asia. In order to design a better therapeutic regimen, the underlyng mechanism of HBV viral persistence must be understood. Immunological studies have found that impaired HBV virus‐specific T cell reactivity is the major cause of chronic infection, whereas strong and multispecific T cell responses to HBV are associated with long‐term control, but not elimination of the virus. Furthermore, in the serological clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation, HBsAg seroconversion is associated with activation of the donor’s hepatitis B core antigen‐specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. This suggests that the donor’s hepatitis B core antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells provide ‘intermolecular T cell help’ for the HBsAg seroconversion. These findings are relevant to the future development of therapeutic vaccines or DNA vaccine as immunotherapy for chronic hepatitis B. Apart from interferon‐α, thymosin α1 (Tα1) has been investigated for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Meta‐analysis of 4 randomized controlled studies investigating the safety and efficacy of Tα1 monotherapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B showed that 6 months treatment with Tα1 (1.6 mg twice weekly) almost doubles the sustained response rate (36%) compared with controls (19%; P = 0.04). However, more specific immunological approaches are being developed; notably, hepatitis B core antigen‐based therapeutic vaccine was found to induce T cell proliferative responses in chronically infected hepatitis B patients to the T helper epitope included in the construct. However, the cytokine profile observed suggested the induction of a T helper 0/T helper 2 CD4+ T cell response rather than T helper 1 response. Thus, its combination with interferon‐γ or interleukin‐12, which might reverse the CD4+ T cell response, should be considered. In the future, it is likely that different types of combination therapy may have to be tailor‐made for chronic HBV infection with different virological and immunological profiles and different degrees of liver damage.
Functional dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection: A recent consensus up to 1999
Authors: Miwa Hiroto , Sato Nobuhiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWith accumulated evidence for a close relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and many gastric disorders, the idea that this infection may invoke dyspeptic symptoms appears realistic. If curative therapy for H. pylori can bring about relief of symptoms in these patients, we would possess a new therapeutic tool for functional dyspepsia. Although there have been many clinical trials on this issue, the benefits of H. pylori treatment have been controversial. However, several large‐scale clinical studies have been very recently published, and suggest a specific direction on this clinical question. From these results, the current consensus is that H. pylori infection does not directly affect symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia. However, most clinical trials have been performed on Western populations, and there are few reports from Asian countries. Our recent study on the Japanese population also supported the consensus, that is, a negative relationship between H. pylori infection and symptoms in functional dyspepsia patients.
Association of human leucocyte‐DR and DQ antigens in coeliac disease: A family study
Authors: Agrawal S , Gupta A , Yachha Sk , Müller‐Myhsok B , Mehrotra P , Agarwal Ss 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aims
: No family studies regarding the association of coeliac disease with the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DQ locus are available. Moreover, no HLA studies have been carried out in coeliac disease patients from India. The aim of this study was to study the HLA class II (DR and DQ) antigens in children with coeliac disease and in their first‐degree relatives.
Methods
: Fifteen children with coeliac disease and their first‐degree relatives (birth parents of all the coeliac disease patients and fifteen siblings) were studied. A group of 123 healthy unrelated and ethnically matched subjects were used as controls. The HLA‐DR and ‐DQ typing was carried out by a complement‐dependent microlymphocytotoxicity assay. The transmission disequilibrium test was used for analysis of results.
Results
: There was no association of coeliac disease with DR phenotypes. Ninety‐three per cent of patients (14/15) carried the DQ2 allele. DQ2 was transmitted in 15 of 19 informative cases (transmission probability of 79%, χ2 6.368 with 1 df, nominal P = 0.012 and P value corrected for multiple test = 0.035). The haplotype relative risk associated with DQ2 was 5.71 (95% confidence interval 1.71–16.28).
Conclusion
: Coeliac disease in Indian children is predominantly associated with HLA‐DQ2.