bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioengineered human bone tissue using autogenous osteoblasts cultured on different biomatrices
Authors: Hofmann A. , Konrad L. , Gotzen L. , Printz H. , Ramaswamy A. , Hofmann C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSurgical treatment of critical‐size posttraumatic bone defects is still a challenging problem, even in modern bone and joint surgery. Progress in cellular and molecular biology during the last decade now permits novel approaches in bone engineering. Recent conceptual and technical advances have enabled the use of mitotically expanded, bone‐derived cells as a therapeutic approach for tissue repair. Using three different tissue carrier systems, we successfully cultivated human osteoblasts in a newly developed perfusion chamber. We studied cell proliferation and the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein‐2A, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor as parameters for osteoblast function and viability. Adherence of highly enriched human osteoblasts had already started after 1 h and resulted in completely overgrown human bone pieces after 10 days. Expression analysis of bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase indicated differentiating osteoblasts, whereas the high mRNA expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin revealed terminally differentiated osteoblasts and the process of mineralization. Additionally, gene expression was significantly higher when demineralized bone was used as biomatrix, compared to autoclaved bone and hydroxyapatite ceramics. We conclude that with our newly developed perfusion culture system, vital autogenous bone implants of clinically applicable size can be generated within 17 days in order to manage critical‐size bone defects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 191–199, 2003
Ocular biocompatibility of a poly(ortho ester) characterized by autocatalyzed degradation
Authors: Einmahl Suzanne , Ponsart Stéphanie , Bejjani Riad A. , D'Hermies François , Savoldelli Michelle , Heller Jorge , Tabatabay Cyrus , Gurny Robert , Behar‐Cohen Francine 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe biocompatibility of autocatalyzed poly(ortho ester) (POE70LA30), a viscous, hydrophobic, bioerodible polymer, was investigated. POE70LA30 was synthesized, sterilized by gamma irradiation, and injected in rabbit eyes at adequate volumes through subconjunctival, intracameral, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal routes. Clinical examinations were performed postoperatively at regular time points for 6 mo, and histopathologic analysis was carried out to confirm tissular biocompatibility. After subconjunctival injection, the polymer was well tolerated and persisted in the subconjunctival space for about 5 weeks. In the case of intracameral injections, polymer biocompatibility was good; the POE70LA30 bubble was still present in the anterior chamber for up to 6 mo after injection. No major histopathologic anomalies were detected, with the exception of a localized Descemet membrane thickening. After intravitreal administration, POE70LA30 biocompatibility was excellent, and no inflammatory reaction could be detected during the observation period. The polymer was degraded in approximately 3 mo. Suprachoroidal injections of POE70LA30 were reproducible and well tolerated. POE70LA30 triggered a slight elevation of the retina and choroid upon clinical observation. The polymer was detectable in the suprachoroidal space for about 6 mo. No inflammatory reaction and no major retinal anomalies could be detected by histology. In conclusion, POE70LA30 appears to be a promising biomaterial for intraocular application, potentially providing sustained drug delivery over an extended period of time, with a good tolerance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 44–53, 2003
Effects of polyglycolic acid on porcine smooth muscle cell growth and differentiation
Authors: Higgins Steven P. , Solan Amy K. , Niklason Laura E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPolyglycolic acid (PGA) is commonly used as a scaffold for tissue engineering. Recent studies utilized PGA as a scaffold for vascular tissue engineering using bovine and porcine smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In engineered vessels, the SMCs displayed high rates of mitosis and dedifferentiation in areas where PGA fragments were present. We hypothesized that PGA breakdown products, sequestered within a SMC vessel at the conclusion of culture, led to increased proliferation and dedifferentiation of vascular SMCs. To test this hypothesis, the current study assessed possible means by which PGA breakdown products could lead to changes in SMC phenotype. SMCs grown in high concentrations of PGA breakdown products showed, by Western blotting, decreased expression of calponin, a marker for SMC differentiation. The same was true for SMCs grown in glycolic acid (GA), which also showed decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for SMC proliferation. In contrast, cells grown in varying amounts of NaCl or HCl showed little change in differentiation. We conclude that, independent of acidity or osmolality, plausible products of PGA degradation appear to induce dedifferentiation of porcine SMCs in vitro. Because of dedifferentiation and decreased mitosis, commercially available PGA may not represent an optimal scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 295–302, 2003
Binding and orientation of fibronectin on polystyrene surfaces using immobilized bacterial adhesin‐related peptides
Authors: Klueh U. , Bryers J. D. , Kreutzer D. L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractFibronectin (FN) is known to bind to bacteria via high affinity receptors on bacterial surfaces known as adhesins. The binding of bacteria to FN is thought to have a key role in foreign device associated infections. For example, previous studies have indicated that Staphylococcus aureus adhesins bind to the 29 kDa NH3 terminus end of FN, and thereby promote bacteria adherence to surfaces. Recently, the peptide sequences within the S. aureus adhesin molecule that are responsible for FN binding have been identified. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that functional FN can be bound and specifically oriented on polystyrene surfaces using bacterial adhesin‐related (BRP‐A) peptide. We further hypothesize that monoclonal antibodies that react with specific epitopes on the FN can be used to quantify both FN binding and orientation on these surfaces. Based on this hypothesis, we initiated a systematic investigation of the binding and orientation of FN on polystyrene surfaces using BRP‐A peptide. To test this hypothesis, the binding and orientation of the FN to immobilized BRP‐A was quantified using 125I‐FN, and monoclonal antibodies. 125I‐FN was used to quantitate FN binding to peptide‐coated polystyrene surfaces. The orientation of bound FN was demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies, which are reactive with the amine (N) or carboxyl (C) termini of the FN. The results of our studies demonstrated that when the BRP‐A peptide was used to bind FN to surfaces that: 1. functional FN was bound to the peptide; 2. anti‐C terminus antibodies bound to the peptide FN; and 3. only limited binding of anti‐N terminus antibodies to peptide‐bound FN occurred. We believe that the data that indicate an enhanced binding of anti‐C antibodies reactive to anti‐N antibodies are a result of the FN binding in an oriented manner with the N termini of FN bound tightly to the BRP‐A on the polystyrene surface. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 36–43, 2003
Engineering porcine arteries: Effects of scaffold modification
Authors: Prabhakar Vikas , Grinstaff Mark W. , Alarcon Javier , Knors Chris , Solan Amy K. , Niklason Laura E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTechniques have been developed to culture bovine or porcine vascular cells on polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds to form engineered vessels. Previously, it was shown that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that were in close proximity to PGA remnants after 8 weeks of culture had lower expression of SMC markers of differentiation and were more mitotic compared with SMCs that were distant from polymer residuals. Modifications of PGA were explored as a means to minimize residual polymer fragments after culture. To hasten degradation, polymer was treated with heat, NaOH, or γ‐irradiation. Differential scanning calorimetry, mass and tensile strength degradation, and inherent viscosity were used to assess polymer characteristics. When polymer was maintained in aqueous conditions, tensile strength of treated PGA degraded to zero within 3 weeks for each treatment. Engineered vessel constructs cultured on NaOH and γ‐treated polymer displayed smooth muscle α‐actin throughout the vessel wall. Scaffold treatment impacted graft morphology, cellular differentiation, and mechanical integrity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 303–311, 2003
Housing satisfaction for persons with psychiatric disabilities
Authors: Tsemberis Sam , Rogers E. Sally , Rodis Eleni , Dushuttle Patricia , Skryha Vicki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractProvision of residential services to people with mental illness has assumed increasing importance since deinstitutionalization and as community‐ based services have increased. This large‐scale multisite study of housing programs specifically for persons with mental illness examines one of the factors that lead to successful residential tenure for persons with serious mental illness. To date, the Lehman Quality of Life Scale has been used primarily to assess satisfaction with housing in studies of residential services. This article reports on a new measure of housing satisfaction. This new 25‐item instrument was developed, field tested in a variety of housing settings across the country, and analyzed for reliability and validity by a group of housing researchers and clinicians. The implications of using this instrument for future evaluation and research on housing for persons with mental illness are examined. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 581–590, 2003.
A case report of a community‐based response to domestic violence in Chile
Authors: Arón Ana María , Lorion Raymond P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe conceptual and programmatic elements of a community‐based approach to the prevention and treatment of victims of domestic violence in Chile are presented. The program reflects the tenets of a psychosocial wellness model focusing on individual and community competencies and resources to solve human problems. The intervention incorporates elements of crisis intervention with strategies to identify and empower natural social support networks. As necessary, victims are referred to specialized physical and mental health services. During its initial stages, the program was provided to physicians and allied medical staff of a local hospital. Participants included nurse‐aides, nurses, doctors, social workers, social work‐aides, and other personnel from medical units providing emergency, pediatric, and obstetric care. Team cohesion was emphasized and information regarding domestic violence, crisis intervention, and referral strategies was provided. During the program's second stage, prevention and education strategies were targeted to community organizations and educational institutions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 561–579, 2003.
Relations among mother and home visitor personality, relationship quality, and amount of time spent in home visits
Authors: Sharp Elizabeth A. , Ispa Jean M. , Thornburg Kathy R. , Lane Valerie 
Published: September 2003

AbstractEvaluations of a variety of home‐based early childhood intervention programs show that home visit rates fall short of the number prescribed. In an attempt to add to knowledge about reasons for this phenomenon, the current study explored associations among mother and home visitor personality, relationship quality, and time spent in home visits. Maternal negative emotionality was positively related to both time spent in home visits and relationship quality. Maternal positive emotionality was inversely related to time spent in home visits. Home visitor negative emotionality was also positively related to mothers' assessments of relationship quality; however, it was inversely related to the amount of time spent in home visits. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 591–606, 2003.
Initial development of a measure of religious coping among Hindus
Authors: Tarakeshwar Nalini , Pargament Kenneth I. , Mahoney Annette 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe developed and validated a measure that would comprehensively capture religious coping strategies used by Hindus in the United States (U.S.). Based on qualitative interviews with Hindus (N = 15) and existing religious coping measures, a Hindu religious coping scale was constructed. After a pilot test of this scale among Hindus in the Midwest (N = 42), a sample of Hindus across the U.S. (N = 164) completed the Hindu religious coping scale along with measures of mental health. Results indicated that religious coping was a salient construct for Hindus and related to better mental health. Empirical data revealed specific forms of religious coping that are characteristic of Hindu theology. Further, results of the factor analyses of the Hindu religious coping scale yielded three factors, “God‐focused” religious coping, “Spirituality‐focused” religious coping, and “Religious guilt, anger, and passivity.” Findings provided support for the reliability and validity of the Hindu religious coping scale. Implications for theory and practice were discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 607–628, 2003.
Mental illness depiction in children's films
Authors: Wahl Otto , Wood Amy , Zaveri Parin , Drapalski Amy , Mann Brittany 
Published: September 2003

AbstractForty‐nine children's (G‐ and PG‐rated) films were viewed and rated with respect to the depiction of mental illnesses. Material about mental illnesses was included in 33 (67%) of these films. Twelve (24%) had one or more characters labeled as having a mental illness; an additional 21 films contained references to mental illnesses. Characters with mental illnesses tended to be male, adult, Caucasian, single or of unknown marital status, and identified by disparaging slang terms rather than formal diagnoses. Of the 12 movies containing characters with mental illnesses, 8 (67%) included depictions where that character was violent. Other characters responded in generally favorable ways to the mentally ill characters: most worked cooperatively with the character and helped and trusted the character. However, nearly two‐thirds also showed fear of the character. Results suggest that mental illness depictions are common in children's films, and that, despite some positive responses from other characters, mentally ill characters tend to be feared and disparaged. Study limitations and possible implications for children's developing understanding of mental illnesses are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 553–560, 2003.
Roles assumed by a community coalition when creating environmental and policy‐level changes
Authors: Snell‐Johns Jessica , Imm Pamela , Wandersman Abraham , Claypoole Jack 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA significant amount of federal, state, and local resources are spent organizing large‐scale community coalitions designed to address the issues of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use in communities. Thus far, results regarding the effectiveness of community coalitions in reducing ATOD rates are mixed. This article discusses the importance of strategies designed to impact environmental‐level changes (e.g., policies, laws), which, in turn, can impact individual use. The development of prevention structures that consistently and continuously promote prevention efforts must be established before significant change in use rates can occur and be sustained. In order to identify the roles assumed by a coalition in order to affect policy‐level changes, this article examines the specific efforts of the Lexington/Richland Drug and Alcohol Abuse Coalition in Columbia, South Carolina. Review of meeting minutes and interviews with staff and coalition members suggest that the coalition assumed three central roles: developer, facilitator, and arbitrator. The coalition's success in influencing community policies and sanctions is attributed to its responsiveness and ability to assume diverse roles, depending on the specific needs of the community. Changes in policies/laws and sanctions are presented as evidence of the coalition's success in impacting and reinforcing community‐wide prevention structures thought to reduce the abuse of alcohol and other drugs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 661–670, 2003.
Measuring behavior change in young children receiving intensive school‐based mental health services
Authors: Hussey David L. , Guo Shenyang 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAn innovative urban school‐based mental health program was developed to treat the subset of elementary school‐referred children who are experiencing severe emotional and behavioral difficulties. The program served a group of 201 students and their families, referred from 15 elementary schools through a large urban school district in Ohio (K through fifth grade). The children in the sample are predominantly African‐American (N = 157, 78.1%), and male (N = 154, 76.6%), with an average age at admission of 9.23 years (SD = 1.75). Parents and teachers provided behavioral rating data using a standardized psychiatric assessment instrument (i.e., the Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders—DSMD). Results showed that at intake 68.7% of children scored above the clinical cutoff score of 60 on the conduct disorder subscale of the DSMD, with more than 40.8% of youth scoring 70 or higher. On the depression subscale 55.7% scored above the cutoff score, with slightly less than a third (30.8%) scoring 70 or higher. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to measure longitudinal behavior change. Children evidenced statistically significant reductions in conduct disordered behavior ( p < .01), attention deficit/hyperactivity ( p < .05), and depressive symptomatology ( p < .01) over the course of approximately 1 year. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 629–639, 2003.
Structured leisure activities in middle childhood: Links to well‐being
Authors: Fletcher Anne C. , Nickerson Pamela , Wright Kristie L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAssociations between children's (N = 147) participation in structured leisure activities and their adjustment were examined. Caregivers provided lists of extracurricular activities (clubs, sports, and church activities) in which children participated. Children and caregivers participated in interviews and completed questionnaires designed to measure children's adjustment in four domains (academic competence, psychosocial development, externalizing behavior, and internalizing behavior). Classroom teachers completed additional measures of children's academic and social competence. Greater participation in club activities was linked with higher academic grades and more positive teacher ratings of academic competence. Greater participation in sports was associated with higher levels of psychosocial maturity and more positive teacher ratings of social competence. There were no associations between involvement in church activities and any indicators of adjustment. Activity involvement was unassociated with externalizing or internalizing behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of both selection into different types of extracurricular activities and the skills emphasized in the pursuit of such activities. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 641–659, 2003.
Ontogenesis of the scapula in marsupial mammals, with special emphasis on perinatal stages of didelphids and remarks on the origin of the therian scapula
Authors: Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R. , Maier Wolfgang 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe development of the scapula was studied in embryonic and postnatal specimens of Monodelphis domestica and perinatal specimens of Philander opossum, Caluromys philander, and Sminthopsis virginiae using histological sections and 3D reconstructions. Additionally, macerated skeletons of postnatal M. domestica were examined. This study focused on the detachment of the scapulocoracoid from the sternum and on the acquisition of a supraspinous fossa, a supraspinatus muscle, and a scapular spine, all these events associated with the origin of the therian shoulder girdle. In none of the specimens is there a continuity of the cartilaginous scapulocoracoid with the sternum, even though the structures are in close proximity, especially in S. virginiae. At birth, the first rib laterally presents a pronounced boss that probably contacts the humerus during certain movements. Only the acromial portion of the scapular spine, which originates from the anterior margin of the scapular blade, is preformed in cartilage. The other portion is formed by appositional bone (“Zuwachsknochen”), which expands from the perichondral ossification of the scapula into an intermuscular aponeurosis between the supra‐ and infraspinous muscles. This intermuscular aponeurosis inserts more or less in the middle of the lateral surface of the developing scapula. Thus, the floor of the supraspinous fossa is present from the beginning of scapular development, simultaneously with the infraspinous fossa. The homology of the therian spine with the anterior border of the sauropsid and monotreme scapula is questioned. We consider the dorsal portion (as opposed to the ventral or acromial portion) of the scapular spine a neomorphic structure of therian mammals. J. Morphol. 258:115–129, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of the posthepatic septum and its influence on visceral topology in the tegu lizard, Tupinambis merianae (Teiidae: Reptilia)
Authors: Klein Wilfried , Abe Augusto S. , Andrade Denis V. , Perry Steven F. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe posthepatic septum (PHS) divides the body cavity of Tupinambis merianae into two parts: the cranial one containing the lungs and liver and the caudal one containing the remaining viscera. The PHS is composed of layers of collagenous fibers and bundles of smooth muscle, neither of which show systematic orientation, as well as isolated blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. Striated muscle of the abdominal wall does not invade the PHS. The contractions of the smooth muscles may stabilize the pleurohepatic cavity under conditions of elevated aerobic needs rather than supporting breathing on a breath‐by‐breath basis. Surgical removal of the PHS changes the anatomical arrangement of the viscera significantly, with stomach and intestine invading the former pleurohepatic cavity and reducing the space for the lungs. Thus, the PHS is essential to maintain the visceral topography in Tupinambis. J. Morphol. 258:151–157, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.