bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten‐Color Immunophenotyping of Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Wood Brent L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMulticolor flow cytometry offers the unique ability to simultaneously assess and correlate multiple cellular properties at the single‐cell level in a timely and efficient manner. Principles necessary for the development and evaluation of 10‐color flow cytometry panels are discussed. The Basic Protocol outlines a simple and efficient method for the labeling of white blood cells with monoclonal antibodies directed against cell surface antigens. Alternate Protocol 1 incorporates the removal of plasma to allow the simultaneous assessment of surface light‐chain expression on B cell populations. Alternate Protocol 2 describes a general method for the simultaneous assessment of surface and cytoplasmic antigens using a combination of fixation followed by membrane permeabilization. The methods were developed in a clinical laboratory setting for the description of normal pathways of hematopoietic maturation and the efficient identification of neoplastic hematopoietic cell populations, but the general principles should also be suitable for other applications.
RNA and DNA Aptamers in Cytomics Analysis
Authors: Ulrich Henning , Martins Antonio Henrique B. , Pesquero João Bosco 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUsing systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), RNA or DNA molecules are selected from a combinatorial oligonucleotide library by their ability to bind their targets, i.e., cell surface antigens, with affinity and specificity similar to that of monoclonal antibodies. The generation of these high‐affinity binders, also denominated aptamers, is carried out in vitro and does not involve animals. Therefore, aptamers can be developed against almost every molecule of biological importance, including toxins and nonimmunogenic targets, against which antibodies cannot be raised. The incorporation of modified pyrimidines resulting in nuclease‐resistant RNA aptamers makes them promising candidates for studying protein interactions in vitro and in vivo. DNA aptamers do not need modifications for most applications. The protocols in this unit can be used for the development of fluorescent‐tagged RNA or DNA aptamers for any cell surface protein in cytomics analysis.
Stem Cell Identification and Sorting Using the Hoechst 33342 Side Population (SP)
Authors: Goodell Margaret A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis unit describes the use of Hoechst 33342 to identify and purify murine hematopoietic stem cells, the so‐called side population. Three properties of the dye contribute to the ability to distinguish stem cells in this way. Hoechst is a DNA‐binding dye. It has at least two binding modes that result in different spectral properties, allowing resolution of multiple populations by viewing fluorescence at two wavelengths simultaneously. The ability to discriminate SP cells is based on the differential efflux of the dye by a multi‐drug‐like transporter. Particular attention is given to the critical aspects of Hoechst concentration, cell concentration, staining time, and staining temperature.
Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (QFISH) of Telomere Lengths in Tissue and Cells
Authors: O'Sullivan Jacintha N. , Finley Jennifer C. , Risques Rosa‐ana , Shen Wen‐Tang , Gollahon Katherine A. , Rabinovitch Peter S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTelomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the end of each chromosome that provide stability and prevent end‐to‐end chromosome fusions. In order to understand mechanisms responsible for telomere shortening, it is necessary to develop methods for accurate telomere length measurement that can be applied to archival and fresh tissue and cells. This unit describes in situ–based quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (QFISH) protocols using a fluorescence‐conjugated telomere probe (peptide nucleic acid, PNA) that stains telomeres proportionally to their length. These protocols can be used on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue, lightly fixed tissue, cells isolated from tissue, cultured cells, and agar‐embedded cells. The basic protocol for QFISH staining is modified to achieve excellent QFISH staining for a variety of cell preparations. Image‐analysis techniques to quantitate average telomere lengths from tissues and isolated stained cells are also described.
Control System Design, Continuous‐Time
Authors: Ogata Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

System Compensation

Root‐Locus Method

Frequency‐Response Method

Root‐Locus Approach to the Design of Control Systems

Frequency‐Response Approach to the Design of Control Systems

Comparison of Lead, Lag, Lag‐Lead Compensation

Multi‐Degrees‐of‐Freedom Control

Concluding Comments
Stability Theory, Asymptotic
Authors: Eren Halit , Lowe Alexander 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Stability Criteria

Bounded‐Input–Bounded‐Output Stability

Asymptotic Stability

Routh–Hurwitz Criterion

Nyquist Criterion

The Root Locus

The Riccati Equation

Lyapunov Stability

Robust Stability

Exponential Stability
Jet Transport Maintenance
Authors: Hessburg Jack , Reuter Richard , Ahl William 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Failure

Failure Management

Air Carrier Maintenance Requirements

Scheduled Maintenance

Unscheduled Maintenance

The Maintenance Environment

Airplane System Design for Maintenance

Airplane Maintenance Design Trends

Maintenance Support

Technical Training for Maintenance

Electronic Performance Support Tools
Radar Remote Sensing of Irregular Stratified Media
Authors: Bahar Ezekiel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areSchelkunoff's Generalized Telegraphists' Equations for Bounded Irregular Waveguides and the Use of Local Mode ExpansionsGeneralized Telegraphists' Equations for Irregular Stratified Media with one or Two Half‐SpacesTransformation of Maxwell's EquationsIterative Solutions to the Generalized Telegraphists' Equations and Their Relationships to the Small Perturbation Solution and the Physical/Geometrical Solutions to Rough Surface ScatteringFull‐Wave Solutions for the Radar Cross Sections for Multiple‐Scale Rough SurfacesFull‐Wave Solutions for Three Media Irregular Stratified StructuresAcknowledgments
Ionosphere Characteristics
Authors: Goodman John M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areGeneral Properties of the IonosphereThe Continuity Equation and Equilibrium ProcessesDescription of the Ionospheric LayersDiurnal Behavior of the Ionospheric LayersLong‐Term Solar‐Activity Dependence of the Ionospheric LayersSporadic EThe High‐Latitude IonosphereIonospheric Response to Solar FlaresThe Ionospheric StormIonospheric Current SystemsIonospheric ModelsIonospheric PredictionsFundamental Science Issues and Challenges in Ionospheric Research
Superconductors: Processing of High‐

T
C

Bulk, Thin Film, and Wires
Authors: Subramanyam Guru , Boolchand Punit 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Properties of High‐Temperature Superconductors

Processing of High‐Temperature Superconductors

Processing of Bulk Superconductors

Characterization of Bulk Superconductors

Processing of Hts Thin Films

Processing of Superconducting Wires and Tapes

Applications of High‐Temperature Superconductors
Superconductors, Cryogenic Stabilization
Authors: Sekulic D. P. , Edeskuty F. J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areExperience from Early Magnet ApplicationsCauses of Instabilities (Disturbances)Methods of StabilizationAdvanced Stability and Thermal Management Problems for SuperconductorsThermophysical and Heat Data on CryogensSafetyAdditional Reading
High‐Energy Physics Particle Detector Magnets
Authors: Green Michael A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areThe Development of Detector SolenoidsThe Defining Parameters for Thin SolenoidsThin Detector Solenoid Design CriteriaMagnet Power Supply and Coil Quench ProtectionDesign Criteria for The Ends of a Detector SolenoidCryogenic Cooling of a Thin Detector Solenoid
Biomedical Telemetry
Authors: Šantić Ante 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areBiotelemetry SystemsModulation ModesPower SourcesBiotelemetry ApplicationsTransmission Links and PropagationEndoradiosondesPassive Implanted Telemetry DevicesActive Implanted Telemetry DevicesTranspondersPackagingWildlife Tracking
CD‐ROMS, DVD‐ROMS, and Computer Systems
Authors: Ranky Paul G. , Ranky Mick F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areHistory of Development: CD‐ROM and DVDCD‐ROM Technology, Medium, and the Storage Density of DataCD‐Recordable (CD‐R)CD‐RW CD‐ErasableCD‐Recordable Versus Mass Replicated (“Silver”) Compact Discs. An Analysis by the National Technology Alliance (USA)Alternative, Internet/Intranet‐Based TechnologiesCD‐ROM/DVD‐ROM ApplicationsWhat is Quicktime VR?Smartdart: A Smart Diagnostic and Repair Tool Implemented In a Voice I/O Controlled, Interactive Multimedia, Mobile‐Wearable Computer‐Based Device for the Automobile (And Other) IndustriesDigital Versatility Disc (DVD‐ROM)CD‐ROM/DVD Drive Manufacturers and Current DrivesCD‐ROM/DVD Software Writers/Vendors and Current CD‐Recording SoftwareAcknowledgments
Fifth Generation Systems
Authors: Yokota Kazumasa 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Preliminary Study for the
FGCS
Project

Overview of R&D Activities and Results of the
FGCS
Project

Overview of the
FGCS
Follow‐On Project

Promoting Organization of the
FGCS
Project

Distribution of R&D Results and International Exchange Activities

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments
Mumps
Authors: Walters Richard F. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

The Evolution of M

Principal Characteristics of M

Review of Basic Language Elements

String Manipulation in M

Manipulation of M Sparse Arrays

Transaction Processing

Interaction with the Underlying Operating System

Error Management

Internationalization

Interfacing M to Other Standards

Example of An Application Written in M

Future Directions of M

Summary
Facsimile Equipment
Authors: Pugh Alan R. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Document Facsimile

Group 3 Facsimile Terminal Operation

Coding Scheme

Scanning Systems

Recording Methods

Group 3 Communication Protocols

Group 3 Error Correction Mode

Basic and Optional Features for Group 3

Group 4 Facsimile Terminals

Basic and Optional Features for Group 4

Group 3 Terminals on the Integrated Services Digital Network (
ISDN
)

Networks

PC Facsimile
Data Communication
Authors: Muhamed Rias 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areGeneral Networking ConceptsSeven‐Layer ArchitecturePhysical Layer—Transmission Media and Data EncodingData Link Layer—Error Detection and RecoveryMedium Access Control Layer—Protocols for Sharing ResourcesNetwork Layer—Routing, Congestion, and Flow ControlData Communication StandardsWireless Data StandardsConclusion
Radar Polarimetry
Authors: Sletten Mark A. , Mc Laughlin David J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article summarizes the fundamentals of radar polarimetry and gives examples of related applications and research. The mathematical foundation is described first. This discussion includes explanations of the various ways in which polarized and partially polarized electromagnetic waves can be described and how formalisms are used to express the polarimetric scattering properties of objects and surfaces. The scattering, Mueller, covariance, and coherency matrices embody these formalisms. Some practical aspects of polarimetric radar design are then discussed, and the article concludes by summarizing applications of polarimetry and areas of active research, including scattering studies, image classification, contrast enhancement, meteorology, and topographic mapping.
Teletext
Authors: Kinghorn John R. , Tarrant David R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areTeletext PrinciplesTeletext SpecificationSignal Degradation and Error ProtectionTeletext Decoders: Functions and InterfacesSubtitles and Closed CaptioningDatabase Navigation and Access Time ImprovementsVCR Programming and Start/Stop ControlTeletext Market DevelopmentOther Teletext StandardsFurther Developments in TeletextConclusion
Packaging Rf Devices and Modules
Authors: Lee Y. C. , Zhang Wenge , Su Bingzhi , Feng Zhiping , Gupta K. C. , Park Chong‐Il 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areRF PackagesPerformance of RF PackagesReliabilityCase StudyCAD Issues for RF PackagingAdvanced Packaging ConceptsSummary
Comparator Circuits
Authors: Rodríguez‐Vázquez Angel , Delgado‐Restituto Manuel , De La Rosa José M. , Domínguez‐Castro Rafael 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Comparator Behavior

One‐Step Voltage Comparators

Offset Cancellation in One‐Step Comparators

Multistep Voltage Comparators

Voltage Comparators with Positive Feedback

Basic Current Comparators

Advanced Current Comparators

Appendix I. Simplified Most Model

Acknowledgment
Harmonic Oscillators, Circuits
Authors: Linares‐Barranco Bernabé , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Ángel 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Ideal Resonator Mathematical Model

Real Resonator Mathematical Model

Amplitude Control by Limitation

Amplitude Control by Automatic Gain Control

Voltage Controlled Harmonic Oscillators

Frequency Control Loop

Further Considerations
Rectifying Circuits
Authors: Narayanan Mysore 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Half‐Wave Rectifier Circuit

Full‐Wave Rectifier Circuit

Full‐Wave Bridge Rectifier Circuit

Voltage Regulation

Ripple

Filters

Ratio of Rectification

Appendix 1. Half‐Wave Rectifier Calculations

Appendix 2: Full‐Wave Rectifier Calculations

Appendix 3. Bridge Rectifier Ripple Calculations

Epilogue
Time‐Domain Network Analysis
Authors: Vlach Jiri 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areBasic Concepts and DefinitionsKirchhoff's LawsNodal and Loop EquationsSolutions of Network EquationsGraphsState VariablesTableauModified Nodal FormulationSimple Integration MethodsAdvanced Integration MethodsLinear NetworksNonlinear NetworksSwitched NetworksPeriodic Steady State
Qualitative Analysis of Dynamic Circuits
Authors: Wu Chai Wah 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article arePassivityStationary or Equilibrium PointsState Equations and Uniqueness and Existence of SolutionsSimple First‐ and Second‐Order Nonlinear Dynamic CircuitsNo Finite Escape‐Time CriteriaEventually Uniformly Boundedness of TrajectoriesStability of Equilibrium PointsLyapunov Functions and Lyapunov's Direct MethodContent, Co‐Content, Energy, and Co‐Energy of Two‐Terminal ElementsUsing Content and Energy to Derive the Qualitative Behavior of Dynamic CircuitsUnique Asymptotic BehaviorQualitative Behavior of Dynamic Circuits Driven by Periodic InputsManley–Rowe EquationsDuality
Circuit Analysis Computing
Authors: Rollins J. Gregory 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Purpose of Simulation

Circuits and Net Lists

Formulation of the Circuit Equations

Modified Nodal Analysis

Active Device Models

Types of Analysis

DC (Steady‐State) Analysis

Example Simulation

AC Analysis

AC Analysis Example

Transient Analysis

Transient Analysis Examples

Convergence Issues

The Jacobian Matrix Structure and Linear Solution

Fast Simulation Methods

Commercially Available Simulators
Conduction and Breakdown in Gases
Authors: Boeck W. , Pfeiffer W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areBasic Structure and Characteristics of GasesIonization, Excitation, and AttachmentDischarge DevelopmentBreakdown CharacteristicsBreakdown in Nonhomogeneous FieldsBreakdown Characteristics for Transient VoltagesFlashover at Insulator SurfacesHigh‐Frequency Breakdown
Machine Insulation
Authors: Stone Gregory C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areTypes of Rotating MachinesStator‐Winding Insulation SystemsRotor‐Winding Insulation SystemsInsulation System RequirementsWinding LifeForm‐Wound Stator WindingsRandom‐Wound Stator WindingsRotor WindingsWinding Testing and Monitoring
Insulation Testing
Authors: Emery F. Tim 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Typical High Voltage Coil Construction

Three Major Methods of Insulating and Processing High Voltage Stator Coils

Production Coil Testing

Power Factor Test

Coil Power Factor Test Procedure

Voltage Withstand Tests

DC Winding Resistance

DC Insulation Resistance

AC Voltage Ground Test

DC Voltage Ground Test

Coil Quality Control Electrical Tests

Power Factor Test

Strand Insulation Breakdown Test

60 Hz Voltage Breakdown of Groundwall Insulation

Voltage Endurance Test
Water Treeing
Authors: Jow Jinder , Eichhorn Robert M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areElectric Degradation and Failure Due to Water TreeingSolutions to Inhibit Water Treeing and Restore its DamageFactors Affecting Water TreeingWater‐Tree TestsField‐Aged Performance—Utility Service RecordsInsulating Materials Used in Underground Power CablesTree MorphologyProposed Theories and Mechanisms of Water TreeingComputer Simulation of Water TreeingConclusionAcknowledgments
Synchronous Motor Drives
Authors: Corzine Keith A. , Sudhoff Scott D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areMachine ModelsPower ConvertersGeneral Control PhilosophySensor RequirementsGeneral Relationships for Analyzing Drive SystemsVoltage‐Source, Inverter‐Fed, Permanent‐Magnetic, Synchronous Machine DrivesCurrent‐Regulated, Inverter‐Fed, Permanent‐Magnet, Synchronous Machine DrivesVoltage‐Source Inverter‐Fed, Synchronous‐Reluctance, Machine DrivesCurrent‐Regulated, Inverter‐Fed, Synchronous‐Reluctance, Machine DrivesSemicontrolled, Inverter‐Fed, Wound‐Rotor, Synchronous Machine Drives
Turbogenerators
Authors: McCown William R. , Prole Aleksandar , Nelson Robert J. , Hurley Joseph D. , Chianese Richard B. , Guttromson Ross 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areFundamentalsExcitation SourceConstruction FeaturesVentilation and Power DensityBasic Mechanical Design ConsiderationsThermal DesignDynamics and VibrationApplicable Standards and Codes—Summary of Basic RequirementsTurbogenerator ApplicationsSiting of Turbogenerators and Transmission InterconnectionsOperation of Turbogenerators
Heterostructure Devices
Authors: Ryzhii Victor 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areHeterostructure Bipolar TransistorsHeterostructure Hot‐Electron TransistorsHeterostructure Field‐Effect TransistorsHeterostructure Lasers and Light‐Emitting DiodesQuantum Well PhotodetectorsOther Heterostructure Devices
Quantum Devices
Authors: Zaslavsky A. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Quantum Mechanical Density of States and Tunneling

Double‐Barrier Resonant Tunneling Structures

Cascaded Double‐Barrier Structures and Superlattices

Resonant Tunneling Nanostructures and Coulomb Blockade

Real‐Space Transfer Structures

Resonant Hot‐Electron and Bipolar Transistors

Quantum Device Oscillators

Quantum Device Memories

Quantum Device Logic

Optical Quantum Devices: Quantum Cascade and Quantum‐Dot Lasers

Future of Quantum Devices
Solar Cells
Authors: Lammasniemi Jouko , Jain Raj K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areSolar RadiationBasic Operation of a Solar CellFundamental Solar Cell ParametersFundamental Solar Cell ParametersLosses and Cell OptimizationSolar Cell Materials and StructuresConcentrator Solar CellsNonsolar Applications for Photovoltaic CellsManufacturing of Solar CellsCharacterization of Solar CellsCurrent Status of Solar Cell Efficiencies
Eddy Currents
Authors: Pratap S. B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionGoverning EquationsSkin EffectProximity EffectMotion‐Related Eddy CurrentsAnisotropic ConductorsDiscussion of Anisotropic ConductivityModel for Resistively Limited Eddy Currents in Anisotropic ConductorsCalculation of the Eddy Current LossesGeneral Model for Eddy Currents in Anisotropic ConductorsUse of Potentials in Calculations of Eddy Currents
Transport in Semiconductors, Dynamics of Carriers in Macroscopic and Mesoscopic Systems
Authors: Khoie R. , Venkat R. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Approximating the Dynamics of Real Electrons in Real Crystals

Time Scales in the Transport of Electrons in Semiconductors

Electronic Band Structure

Effective Mass of Carriers

Phonons and Lattice Dynamics

Scattering Phenomenon and Fermi “Golden Rule”

Scattering Relaxation Times

Scattering Rates from Fermi's Golden Rule

Mobility and Conductivity

Transport in Nano‐Structures
Electrical Trees in Solids
Authors: Dissado L. A. , Mazzanti G. C. , Montanari G. C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article arePhysical DescriptionTree GenerationObservable Features Accompanying Tree FormationDischarges and Tree ShapeDischarge Patterns for DiagnosisTheoretical Models of Tree FormationFuture Developments and Unresolved Questions
Photorefractive Properties of Gallium Arsenide and Superlattices
Authors: Leburton Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article arek·pMethod and Brillouin‐Zone PartitionEffective MassesDielectric‐Constant FormulationComparison with PseudopotentialThe Zero‐Frequency Dielectric Constant: ɛ1(0)Superlattice Electronic StructureInterface‐Connection RulesResults and DiscussionExciton Effects in the Index of Refraction of Quantum Wells and Superlattices
Contracts
Authors: Fogarty Timothy 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Intention: the Key Quixotic Element

Contractual Exchange: Consideration

Other Contractual Requirements

Enforceability: Issues of Form, Evidence, and Procedure

Enforceability and the Reality of Assent

Contract Interpretation

Third Parties

Discharge of Contracts

Contractual Remedies

New Horizons
Outsourcing
Authors: Jin Lei , Depledge Gordon , Tiwana Amrit , Straub Detmar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areOther Outsourcing RolesDefinition of Systems IntegrationWhy Organizations Outsource ITBasic ConsiderationsWhat to OutsourceOutsource SelectionHow Much IT Should CostHow to Measure SuccessMaking the DecisionManaging the Outsourcing Process through RFPSStructuring the RFP ProcessResearch and PlanningManagement Involvement in RFPSCreating the Project Team and Success MetricsDeveloping the RFP PacketSelectionTransitionSystems and Services ContractingStaffing Systems Integration
Project Management
Authors: Keil Mark , Cuellar Michael J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areProjects and Project Management: The ChallengeAlternative Means of Acquiring SoftwareKey Dimensions of Project PerformanceProject Management: A Step‐by‐Step ApproachProject Management ResourcesModels and Standards Relating to Software Project ManagementIdentifying and Managing Software Project RiskManaging the Project Communication Process
Telephone Interference
Authors: Ishizaki Toshio , Sakakura Makoto , Yamada Toru , Ogawa Koichi 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Categories of Interference

Interference Caused by the Nonlinearity of the RF Circuit

Interference Between an Antenna and the RF Component

Interference Between Two Telephones Operating Very Close to Each Other

Antenna Interference as a Result of the Human Body Causing Degradation of Sensitivity

Interference Effects on the Human Body Owing to Absorption of Radiated Power

Summary