bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in mental health service utilisation by children and young people: a population survey using linked electronic health records from Northwest London, UK
Authors: Lazzarino Antonio Ivan , Salkind Jessica Ann , Amati Federica , Robinson Tamsin , Gnani Shamini , Nicholls Dasha , Hargreaves Dougal 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundMental healthcare services for children and young people (CYP) are a very limited resource in the UK. To prevent health inequalities, measures to increase overall capacity must sit alongside measures that ensure utilisation matches need.AimOur aim was to identify subgroups of CYP with unexpectedly low mental health service utilisation, presumably representing unmet need, and to assess whether there is area variation in the socioeconomic gradient of mental healthcare use.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional population survey of CYP (aged 5–24 years) using electronic health records from the Discover Now research platform, covering approximately 95% of the Northwest London resident population of 2.4 million people.ResultsThe total sample comprised 764 327 CYP, of whom 2.1% attended a mental healthcare appointment in 2021 (95% CI 2.1% to 2.2%), our outcome measure. Lower socioeconomic status (our main exposure factor) was related to higher occurrence of mental healthcare appointments (+5% for each quintile increase in deprivation (95% CI 2% to 7%, p<0.001]). However, interaction analyses showed that the boroughs with unexpectedly low utilisation rates were also those not showing a clear trend between socioeconomic conditions and services utilisation (interaction p<0.001), suggesting that in these boroughs the occurrence of mental disorders in disadvantaged people was not captured by our analysis based on service utilisation. In some London boroughs, we found lower-than-expected activity for the most disadvantaged CYP.ConclusionsThe mental healthcare needs of many CYP from socioeconomically deprived areas of Northwest London may be unmet. More information is needed to confirm our results.
Knockout of the inhibitory receptor TIGIT enhances the antitumor response of ex vivo expanded NK cells and prevents fratricide with therapeutic Fc-active TIGIT antibodies
Authors: Hasan Md Faqrul , Campbell Amanda R , Croom-Perez Tayler J , Oyer Jeremiah L , Dieffenthaller Thomas A , Robles-Carrillo Liza D , Cash Catherine A , Eloriaga Jonathan E , Kumar Sanjana , Andersen Brendan W , Naeimi Kararoudi Meisam , Tullius Brian P , Lee Dean A , Copik Alicja J 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundInhibitory receptor T-cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) expressed by Natural Killer (NK) and T cells regulates cancer immunity and has been touted as the next frontier in the development of cancer immunotherapeutics. Although early results of anti-TIGIT and its combinations with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 were highly exciting, results from an interim analysis of phase III trials are disappointing. With mixed results, there is a need to understand the effects of therapeutic anti-TIGIT on the TIGIT+immune cells to support its clinical use. Most of the TIGIT antibodies in development have an Fc-active domain, which binds to Fc receptors on effector cells. In mouse models, Fc-active anti-TIGIT induced superior immunity, while Fc receptor engagement was required for its efficacy. NK-cell depletion compromised the antitumor immunity of anti-TIGIT indicating the essential role of NK cells in the efficacy of anti-TIGIT. Since NK cells express TIGIT and Fc-receptor CD16, Fc-active anti-TIGIT may deplete NK cells via fratricide, which has not been studied.MethodsCRISPR-Cas9-based TIGIT knockout (KO) was performed in expanded NK cells. Phenotypic and transcriptomic properties of TIGIT KO and wild-type (WT) NK cells were compared with flow cytometry, CyTOF, and RNA sequencing. The effect of TIGIT KO on NK-cell cytotoxicity was determined by calcein-AM release and live cell imaging-based cytotoxicity assays. The metabolic properties of TIGIT KO and WT NK cells were compared with a Seahorse analyzer. The effect of the Fc-component of anti-TIGIT on NK-cell fratricide was determined by co-culturing WT and TIGIT KO NK cells with Fc-active and Fc-inactive anti-TIGIT.ResultsTIGIT KO increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells against multiple cancer cell lines including spheroids. TIGIT KO NK cells upregulated mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and had better metabolic fitness with an increased basal glycolytic rate when co-cultured with cancer cells compared with WT NK cells. Importantly, TIGIT KO prevented NK-cell fratricide when combined with Fc-active anti-TIGIT.ConclusionsTIGIT KO in ex vivo expanded NK cells increased their cytotoxicity and metabolic fitness and prevented NK-cell fratricide when combined with Fc-active anti-TIGIT antibodies. These fratricide-resistant TIGIT KO NK cells have therapeutic potential alone or in combination with Fc-active anti-TIGIT antibodies to enhance their efficacy.
Effectiveness of Graphene Nano-Ribbon Tunnel Field Effect Transistor for Bio-Molecular Identification
Authors: Nayana G. H. , Vimala P. 
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the Double gate Graphene Nano-ribbon Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (DG GNR TFET) for bio-sensing applications. The biomolecules are Streptavidin, APTES, Biotin, DNA and protein. Differentiation between biomolecules is possible based on dielectric permittivity and charge concentration. The protein switching ratio ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] is 25.7 times that of Streptavidin and around 300 times that without any biomolecule in the cavity. The maximum current sensitivity among the biomolecules is achieved by protein biomolecule for VGS = 0.7[Formula: see text]V. The sub-threshold swing obtained for a biomolecule in DG GNR TFET is 40 mV/dec compared to that of 80[Formula: see text]mV/dec for an empty cavity. The device characteristics reveal that the drain current is maximum with a biomolecule in a cavity compared to an empty cavity. Results obtained emphasize that double gate Graphene Nano-Ribbon TFET is suitable as a biosensor. The simulations are executed using Silvaco Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD).
On the (total) restrained double Italian domination of central of graphs
Authors: Abdullah Mohannad , Mojdeh Doost Ali 
Published: December 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. A double Italian dominating function (DIDF) of [Formula: see text] is a function [Formula: see text] having the property that for every vertex [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text]. The weight of a DIDF is [Formula: see text]. The double Italian domination number is the minimum weight taken over all DIDFs of [Formula: see text] and denoted by [Formula: see text]. Two domination parameters related to the DIDF are restrained, and total restrained DID function which are studied on some graphs. A central graph [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is obtained by subdividing each edge of [Formula: see text] exactly once and joining all the non-adjacent vertices of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we obtain the exact value for restrained and total restrained of double Italian domination number of central of custom graphs and in addition, we determine the sharp bounds for central of any graph.
Some bounds for the captive domination number of graphs
Authors: Shaveisi Farzad , Moshtagh Hossein 
Published: December 2023

A proper subset [Formula: see text] of vertices in the graph [Formula: see text] is a captive dominating set if it is a total dominating set and each vertex in [Formula: see text] dominates at least one vertex which does not belong to [Formula: see text]; also, the captive domination number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the cardinality of a minimum captive dominating set of [Formula: see text]. In [M. N. Al-Harere, A. A. Omran and A. T. Breesam, Captive domination in graphs, Discrete Math. Algorithms Appl. 12(6) (2020) 2050076], Al-Harere et al., presented some lower and upper bounds for the captive domination number of [Formula: see text], using the number of vertices and edges. Here, we present some upper bounds for [Formula: see text], using independence number and clique number. Also, the captive domination number of split graphs is studied. Among other results, some lower bounds for the captive domination number, in terms of maximum degree and the number of vertices with maximum degree, are presented.
SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models
Authors: Ge Jiake , Zhang Huanchen , Shi Boyu , Luo Yuanhui , Guo Yunda , Chai Yunpeng , Chen Yuxing , Pan Anqun 
Published: December 2023

The growth in data storage capacity and the increasing demands for high performance have created several challenges for concurrent indexing structures. One promising solution is the learned index, which uses a learning-based approach to fit the distribution of stored data and predictively locate target keys, significantly improving lookup performance. Despite their advantages, prevailing learned indexes exhibit constraints and encounter issues of scalability on multi-core data storage.
This paper introduces SALI, the Scalable Adaptive Learned Index framework, which incorporates two strategies aimed at achieving high scalability, improving efficiency, and enhancing the robustness of the learned index. Firstly, a set of node-evolving strategies is defined to enable the learned index to adapt to various workload skews and enhance its concurrency performance in such scenarios. Secondly, a lightweight strategy is proposed to maintain statistical information within the learned index, with the goal of further improving the scalability of the index. Furthermore, to validate their effectiveness, SALI applied the two strategies mentioned above to the learned index structure that utilizes fine-grained write locks, known as LIPP. The experimental results have demonstrated that SALI significantly enhances the insertion throughput with 64 threads by an average of 2.04x compared to the second-best learned index. Furthermore, SALI accomplishes a lookup throughput similar to that of LIPP+.
Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic
Authors: Ding Haoran , Wang Zhaoguo , Yang Yicun , Zhang Dexin , Xu Zhenglin , Chen Haibo , Piskac Ruzica , Li Jinyang 
Published: December 2023

Proving the equivalence between SQL queries is a fundamental problem in database research. Existing solvers model queries using algebraic representations and convert such representations into first-order logic formulas so that query equivalence can be verified by solving a satisfiability problem. The main challenge lies in "unbounded summations", which appear commonly in a query's algebraic representation in order to model common SQL features, such as projection and aggregate functions. Unfortunately, existing solvers handle unbounded summations in an ad-hoc manner based on heuristics or syntax comparison, which severely limits the set of queries that can be supported.
This paper develops a new SQL equivalence prover called SQLSolver, which can handle unbounded summations in a principled way. Our key insight is to use the theory of LIA^*, which extends linear integer arithmetic formulas with unbounded sums and provides algorithms to translate a LIA^* formula to a LIA formula that can be decided using existing SMT solvers. We augment the basic LIA^* theory to handle several complex scenarios (such as nested unbounded summations) that arise from modeling real-world queries. We evaluate SQLSolver with 359 equivalent query pairs derived from the SQL rewrite rules in Calcite and Spark SQL. SQLSolver successfully proves 346 pairs of them, which significantly outperforms existing provers.
Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of Conventional Soxhlet Cymbopogon citratus Leaves Extracts in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Ayembilla Jacob Apibilla , Khalid Abdul Raouf , Abubakari Sharif Buari , Adams Abdul Rashid , Botchway Felix Abekah , Antwi Stephen , Otu Phyllis Naa Yarley , Appiah Michael , Osei-Adjei George , Kottoh Kwame Owen , Ahiabenu-Williams Peace , Quasie Olga 
Published: December 2023

Background. In Ghana, Cymbopogon citratus leaves together with guava, pawpaw, and lime are processed into a decoction to treat fever. To encourage its usage, preclinical validation of the safety profile of the plant is required. The acute and subchronic toxicities of the conventional Soxhlet ethanolic Cymbopogon citratus leaves extract in Sprague–Dawley rats were investigated. Methods. Pulverized Cymbopogon citratus leaves were extracted with 98% ethanol using the conventional Soxhlet extraction (CSE) method and dried. In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to six female Sprague–Dawley rats and 1 ml/100 g body weight normal saline to control (6) once, and signs of toxicity were observed every hour for the first 12 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr through to 14 days. In the subchronic study, the treatment groups were administered 200 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg, respectively, of the CSE C. citratus leaves extract for six weeks. Analyses were conducted on the blood, urine, and serum samples of the rats. Histopathological examination of the liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and lungs was carried out at termination. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine statistically significant differences between the test and control rats at

P

<

0.05

. Results. The results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences (

p

>

0.05

) in the urinalysis and haematological analysis between control and test rats over the treatment period. Similarly, CSE C. citratus leaves extract did not induce any significant biochemical changes in the treatment group; however, there was a weight loss effect on the treated rats. There were no noticeable morphological changes in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of the test rats compared to the control. Conclusion. CSE ethanolic C. citratus leaves extract has a weight loss effect, and long-term administration of the extract may not cause any organ-specific toxicity to the consumers.
Re-“Formate” T-cell Antitumor Responses
Authors: Lin Mei-Chun , Moller Sofie Hedlund , Ho Ping-Chih 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Rowe and colleagues discover that one-carbon (1C) metabolism rewiring occurs upon T-cell activation to support proliferation and cytolytic activity in CD8+ T cells and that supplementation of 1C donor formate rescues the dysfunctional T cells and their responsiveness to anti–PD-1 in selective tumor-infiltrated T-cell subsets. This finding represents an attractive strategy to overcome a metabolic vulnerability in the tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.
See related article by Rowe et al., p. 2566 (8).
Noninvasive and Multicancer Biomarkers: The Promise of LINE-1 Retrotransposons
Authors: Doucet Aurelien J. , Cristofari Gael 
Published: December 2023

Summary:LINE-1 retrotransposons are frequently active in epithelial tumors. In a new study, Taylor, Wu and colleagues now describe that one of the proteins encoded by LINE-1 elements, ORF1p, is detected in the bloodstream of patients with cancer, and can be used as a noninvasive and multicancer biomarker for diagnosis or treatment monitoring.See related article by Taylor, Wu et al., p. 2532 (7).
Cumulative Diastolic Blood Pressure Burden in Normal Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Cho So Mi Jemma , Lee Hokyou , Koyama Satoshi , Zou Roger S. , Schuermans Art , Ganesh Shriienidhie , Hornsby Whitney , Honigberg Michael C. , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
The clinical significance of isolated diastolic hypertension defined by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure (BP) guidelines remains inconsistent. We examined whether long-term diastolic burden predicts the first major adverse cardiovascular event in participants with sustained and untreated normal systolic BP.

METHODS:
The Mass General Brigham Biobank is a New England health care–based cohort recruited between 2010 and 2021. A total of 15 979 participants aged 18 to 64 years and without prior cardiovascular disease, antihypertensives, or high systolic BP were studied. The cumulative diastolic burden was determined as the area under the curve for diastolic BP (DBP) ≥80 mm Hg over 5 years before enrollment. Major adverse cardiovascular event was defined as a composite of first incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, or all-cause death.

RESULTS:

Of the 15 979 participants, mean (SD) age at enrollment was 47.6 (14.3) years, 11 950 (74.8%) were women, and the mean (SD) systolic BP and DBP were 118.0 (12.9) and 72.2 (9.3) mm Hg, respectively. Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 3.5 (1.8–5.4) years, 2467 (15.4%) major adverse cardiovascular events occurred. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, each SD increase in cumulative DBP was independently associated with a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1.06 (1.02–1.10) without effect modification by sex (
P
=0.65), age (
P
=0.46), or race/ethnicity (
P
=0.24). In addition to traditional risk factors, cumulative DBP modestly improved the discrimination C index (95% CI) from 0.74 (0.72–0.75) to 0.75 (0.74–0.76; likelihood ratio test,
P
=0.037).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among individuals with normal systolic BP, cumulative DBP may augment cardiovascular disease risk stratification beyond a single DBP measure and traditional risk factors.
Higher Cumulative Blood Pressure in Midlife Predicts an Increased Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Cheng Yun‐Jiu , Deng Hai , Ling Yun , Lin Wei‐Dong , Liang Zhuomin , Chen Yili , Fang Xian‐Hong , Liao Hong‐Tao , Liu Yang , Wei Hui‐Qiang , Liu Fang‐Zhou , Jiang Jun‐Rong , Wu Shu‐Lin , Xue Yu‐Mei , Wu Zexuan 
Published: December 2023

Background
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is reportedly associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the association between cumulative BP exposure in midlife and incident AF in mid‐to‐late life remains unclear.

Methods and Results
Participants enrolled in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study with 4 consecutive BP measurements and no prevalent AF at baseline were included. Cumulative BP was calculated as the area under the curve from visit 1 to visit 4. Incident AF was identified by study visit ECGs, hospital discharge codes, or death certificates. A total of 9892 participants were included (44.6% men and mean age 62.9±5.7 years at visit 4) with 1550 (15.7%) individuals who developed new‐onset AF during an average follow‐up of 15.4 years. The incidence rates of AF per 1000 person‐years across the 4 quartiles of cumulative systolic BP were 7.9, 9.2, 12.5, and 16.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratios for incident AF among participants in the highest quartile of cumulative systolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure were 1.48 (95% CI, 1.27–1.72), 1.81 (95% CI, 1.53–2.13), and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.05–1.41), respectively, compared with those in the lowest quartile. The addition of cumulative systolic BP or pulse pressure slightly improved the ability to predict new‐onset AF.

Conclusions
Higher exposure to cumulative systolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure was significantly associated with increased risk of incident AF.
Polysemy—Evidence from Linguistics, Behavioral Science, and Contextualized Language Models
Authors: Haber Janosch , Poesio Massimo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolysemy is the type of lexical ambiguity where a word has multiple distinct but related interpretations. In the past decade, it has been the subject of a great many studies across multiple disciplines including linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, and computational linguistics, which have made it increasingly clear that the complexity of polysemy precludes simple, universal answers, especially concerning the representation and processing of polysemous words. But fuelled by the growing availability of large, crowdsourced datasets providing substantial empirical evidence; improved behavioral methodology; and the development of contextualized language models capable of encoding the fine-grained meaning of a word within a given context, the literature on polysemy recently has developed more complex theoretical analyses.In this survey we discuss these recent contributions to the investigation of polysemy against the backdrop of a long legacy of research across multiple decades and disciplines. Our aim is to bring together different perspectives to achieve a more complete picture of the heterogeneity and complexity of the phenomenon of polysemy. Specifically, we highlight evidence supporting a range of hybrid models of the mental processing of polysemes. These hybrid models combine elements from different previous theoretical approaches to explain patterns and idiosyncrasies in the processing of polysemous that the best known models so far have failed to account for. Our literature review finds that (i) traditional analyses of polysemy can be limited in their generalizability by loose definitions and selective materials; (ii) linguistic tests provide useful evidence on individual cases, but fail to capture the full range of factors involved in the processing of polysemous sense extensions; and (iii) recent behavioral (psycho) linguistics studies, large-scale annotation efforts, and investigations leveraging contextualized language models provide accumulating evidence suggesting that polysemous sense similarity covers a wide spectrum between identity of sense and homonymy-like unrelatedness of meaning.We hope that the interdisciplinary account of polysemy provided in this survey inspires further fundamental research on the nature of polysemy and better equips applied research to deal with the complexity surrounding the phenomenon, for example, by enabling the development of benchmarks and testing paradigms for large language models informed by a greater portion of the rich evidence on the phenomenon currently available.
The Legal Case for Children’s Right to Vote in the United States
Authors: Grover Sonja , Wall John , Chen Robin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article argues that US constitutional law supports the right to vote of children regardless of age. First, it places US law in the context of the legal, philosophical, and social scientific discussion of the issue and recent children’s suffrage movements, which suggest that barring the right to vote according to age neglects children’s democratic interests, harms societies, and is discriminatory. Second, it considers the further context of US obligations under international law, especially the udhr, iccpr, and crc, in which children’s voting is arguably implied as a universal, equal, and fundamental human right. Finally, it considers US constitutional law itself and shows why ageless voting is an issue of the fundamental interests of children as a suspect class in need of special protection against voting discrimination.