bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic risk of glaucoma is associated with vascular and retinal nerve fibre wedge defects
Authors: Saks Danit G. , Schulz Angela , Qassim Ayub , Marshall Henry , Hewitt Alex W. , MacGregor Stuart , Craig Jamie E. , Graham Stuart L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the association between localised vascular and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) loss and genetic risk for glaucoma and cardiovascular disease using polygenic risk scores (PRS).Methods858 eyes were included from 455 individuals with suspect and early manifest primary open angle glaucoma. Eyes were characterised as having localised vascular and/or RNFL wedge‐shaped defects by scrutiny of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and OCT images, respectively. Investigations included associations with pre‐established scores for genetic risk of glaucoma and cardiovascular disease in the context of glaucoma risk factors and systemic vascular disease outcomes.ResultsHigher genetic risk for glaucoma was associated with both vascular wedge defects and RNFL defects (p < 0.001 and p = 0.020, respectively). A greater genetic risk of glaucoma was associated with the presence of multiple vascular wedges per eye (p = 0.005). Glaucoma progression based on global RNFL loss was associated with vascular and RNFL wedge defects (p ≤ 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). The glaucoma PRS was significantly associated with vascular, but not RNFL, wedge defects after controlling for disc haemorrhage (p = 0.007 and p = 0.070, respectively). Vascular wedge defects were not related to the cardiovascular PRS.ConclusionIndividuals with a higher genetic risk of glaucoma based on the PRS were more likely to have retinal vascular defects, as well as structural glaucomatous loss, but this did not relate to systemic cardiovascular risk. This possibly implies a local pathophysiology for the vascular defects in some cases, which may have clinical relevance in the early stages of glaucoma and in individuals at high genetic risk.
Refiguring habits of subjectivity, communication, and space in online video calls
Authors: Koh Lucy , Lapworth Andrew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has brought profound change to many areas of our lives, and perhaps most of all in terms of how we communicate. A testament to our vital need for social connection, millions of people have sought to shed the physical constraints of isolation and restricted mobility by using online video calling to reaffirm relations with friends, colleagues and wider communities. Drawing on qualitative in‐depth interviews with users of online video call platforms, this paper explores the social and subjective impacts of video calling, and how they are transforming habitual modes of relating to ourselves and others. The paper argues that grasping the impact of such technological encounters requires new modes of thinking attuned to the less conscious and more material processes though which technologies come to shape how we think and behave. In theorising these unconscious and non‐representational potentials, the paper engages with Félix Ravaisson's innovative theorisation of habit. In contrast to those thinkers who would reduce habit to the unthinking and automatic repetition of the same, we explore how Ravaisson's theorisation of habit offers a dynamic ontology for understanding how bodies change and how change comes to be registered in bodies through encounters with technology. We argue that this conceptualisation of habit opens a powerful way of thinking about how the repeated use of online video calls has become bound with the production of new habits of attention, transforming the embodied ways in which we perceive and relate to our own subjectivities, other people, and the spaces in which we live and work.
Rethinking the definition of ‘less intensive’ for venetoclax‐combining regimens in acute myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Borlenghi E. , Roccaro A. M. , Cattaneo C. 
Published: October 2023

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs), mainly due to pulmonary aspergillosis, are considered a serious complication in acute leukaemia, with an unfavourable impact on patient. In this well‐conducted retrospective study, Reynolds et al. suggest that the use of posaconazole prophylaxis in association with venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy leads to a reduction of IFI incidence. Therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole levels is suggested, even if no correlation with IFI risk has been demonstrated.Commentary on: Reynolds et al. Invasive fungal infection following venetoclax and posaconazole co‐administration. Br J Haematol 2023;203:593‐598.
Vesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System use predicting the outcome of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Necchi Andrea , Basile Giuseppe , Gibb Ewan A. , Raggi Daniele , Calareso Giuseppina , de Padua Tiago Costa , Patanè Damiano , Crupi Emanuele , Mercinelli Chiara , Cigliola Antonio , Tateo Valentina , Giannatempo Patrizia , Moschini Marco , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Messina Antonella , Ross Jeffrey S. , Pavlick Dean , De Cobelli Francesco , Brembilla Giorgio 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive capability of the pre‐ and post‐pembrolizumab Vesical Imaging–Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS) to identify ypT0N0 or ypT≤1N0 response in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) within the PURE‐01 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02736266).Patients and MethodsPatients were staged with bladder multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) before and after treatment (three cycles of pembrolizumab) prior to radical cystectomy (RC). Logistic regression models were used to analyse the pre‐ and post‐ pembrolizumab VI‐RADS against ypT≤1N0 and ypT0N0 response. The VI‐RADS scores were dichotomised between 0 and 3 (0 = no evidence of disease) and 4–5. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) analyses were performed. Comprehensive genomic profiling and transcriptome‐wide expression profiling data were matched with the VI‐RADS scores.ResultsIn total, 110 patients underwent centrally reviewed scans (N = 220 mpMRI), treated between February 2017 and July 2020. Both pre‐ and post‐pembrolizumab VI‐RADS 0–3 scores were the only significant covariates that predicted the ypT≤1N0 endpoint in multivariable analyses, and the strongest effect was seen with post‐pembrolizumab VI‐RADS 0–3 predicting the ypT≤1N0 response (P < 0.001). The area under the curve for this model was 0.90. Post‐pembrolizumab VI‐RADS 0–3 also predicted a longer EFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P = 0.044). The scores of several gene signatures from baseline tumours differed between the pre‐pembrolizumab VI‐RADS 0–3 and 4–5 categories.ConclusionPost‐pembrolizumab VI‐RADS scores are strongly associated with pathological downstaging and survival. VI‐RADS scores were also characterised by distinct biomarker features. These results indicate that the VI‐RADS is emerging as an important tool for designing next‐generation trials for MIBC.
The non‐protesting children in the 2018 Parkland school shooting protests and their freedom not to express views in child participation spaces
Authors: Salva Roberto S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing mixed methods, we looked into USA children's reasons behind their non‐participation in the 2018 Parkland school shooting protests from newsletters of randomly sampled 57 middle (MS) and high schools (HS) across USA. We found five themes of reasons that point to non‐protesting children's concern about protest method and issues. The MS and HS non‐protesters' concerns overlapped and differed. The reasons reveal the protests to pose adherence issues to most CRC articles on and almost all of the basic requirements of child participation. We attribute the adherence issues to problems on assigning duties in non‐adult‐provided child participation spaces like protests. To identify protest as child participation necessitate propping children's freedom of expression as the animating force behind child participation's first key element and children's right to information a prerequisite for both. In this reframing, organizing/leading children become duty‐bearers while adults primarily remain so.
Postoperative decline in renal function after rectal resection and all‐cause mortality: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Borucki Joseph P. , Woods Rebecca , Fielding Alexandra , Webb Lucy‐Ann , Hernon James M. , Lines Simon W. , Stearns Adam T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimFluid loss, dehydration and resultant kidney injury are common when a diverting ileostomy is formed during rectal cancer surgery, the consequences of which are unknown. The aim of this retrospective single‐site cohort study is to evaluate the impact of sustained postoperative renal dysfunction after rectal resection on long‐term renal impairment and survival.MethodAll patients with rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing resection between January 2003 and March 2017 were included, with follow‐up to June 2020. The primary outcome was impact on long‐term mortality attributed to a 25% or greater drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) following rectal resection. Secondary outcomes were the long‐term effect on renal function resulting from the same drop in eGFR and the effect on long‐term mortality and renal function of a 50% drop in eGFR. We also calculated the effect on mortality of a 1% drop in eGFR.ResultsA total of 1159 patients were identified. Postoperative reductions in eGFR of 25% and 50% were associated with long‐term overall mortality with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.84 (1.22–2.77) (p = 0.004) and 2.88 (1.45–5.71) (p = 0.002). The median survival of these groups was 86.0 (64.0–108.0) months and 53.3 (7.8–98.8) months compared with 144.5 (128.1–160.9) months for controls. Long‐term effects on renal function were demonstrated, with those who sustained a >25% drop in renal function having a 38.8% mean decline in eGFR at 10 years compared with 10.2% in controls.ConclusionPersistent postoperative declines in renal function may be linked to long‐term mortality. Further research is needed to assess causal relationships and prevention.
Growth patterns in individuals with CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Wong Kingsley , Davies George , Leonard Helen , Downs Jenny , Junaid Mohammed , Amin Sam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo compare growth in individuals with cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder with population norms and to investigate the effect of gastrostomy on growth.MethodThe longitudinal study included 353 individuals from the International CDKL5 Disorder Database with any anthropometric measurement in baseline and/or follow‐up questionnaires. The British 1990 growth reference was used to determine the age‐ and sex‐standardized z‐score. Repeated cross‐sectional data were fitted using a Gaussian linear regression model with generalized estimating equations.ResultsAll growth parameters were below the general population norm (mean z‐scores: weight −0.97, height −0.65, body mass index [BMI] −0.81, head circumference −2.12). The disparity was particularly pronounced for all anthropometric measurements after 4 years of age except for BMI. Moreover, individuals with gastrostomy placement were shown to have a larger decrease than those without.InterpretationIn addition to weight, height, and BMI, head circumference was also compromised in this disorder. Microcephaly could be considered a helpful diagnostic feature, especially in adults. Any benefit of gastrostomy on weight and BMI was mainly seen in the early years.
Modular training model for education of students in restorative and prosthodontic dentistry
Authors: Höhne Christian , del Hougne Michael , Gärtner Laura , Winter Anna , Schmitter Marc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionAt the moment, no commercial model solution is available for the individualisation of the dentition depending on the clinical case scenario. Furthermore, the realistic training of most restorative and prosthodontic procedures on a single dental study model is not possible. The aim of this study was the creation of a new training model to fill this gap.Materials and MethodsComplete upper and lower jaw models were created based on existing scans and radiological data from a patient. All components for 100 complete models and 1128 teeth for the training were produced with a SLA‐printer. Overall, 94 voluntary students attending the first and second preclinical course in prosthodontics tested the functionality of the model with three different tooth types against a standard dental study model and real teeth. After the training, the model was rated in a questionnaire.ResultsThe production of the models and teeth was feasible. The overall rating of the different teeth was worse for type I (Ø 3.6 ± 1.1), significantly better for type II (Ø 2.5 ± 1.0) and type III (Ø 2.4 ± 1.0) than a standard typodont tooth (Ø 2.7 ± 1.1). The new model was rated significantly better overall (Ø 2.6 ± 1.0) than the standard training model (Ø 3.0 ± 1.1).ConclusionsThe aim of this study was fulfilled. A superior training model was created with equivalent and better tooth types. The new teeth were outstanding in terms of cost‐efficiency, appearance and feeling during preparation.
Short‐term induced hyperinsulinaemia and dexamethasone challenge do not affect circulating total adiponectin concentrations in insulin‐sensitive ponies
Authors: Barnabé Marine A. , Elliott Jonathan , Harris Patricia A. , Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypoadiponectinaemia is a risk factor for endocrinopathic laminitis, but the directionality and nature of its association with insulin dysregulation is unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of short‐term induced hyperinsulinaemia and dexamethasone challenge on circulating [total adiponectin] and whole blood expression of adiponectin (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), insulin, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) receptors in insulin‐sensitive ponies.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsSix never‐laminitic, insulin‐sensitive, native‐breed UK ponies first underwent a dexamethasone challenge (0.08 mg/kg i.v.) with blood samples collected every 15 min over 3 h. After a 14‐day washout period, hyperinsulinaemia was induced for 9 h via a euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC), with blood samples collected every 30 min. Serum [insulin], plasma [total adiponectin], and plasma [IGF‐1] were measured using validated assays and receptor gene expression was assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Finally, whole blood was incubated with 10–1000 ng/mL dexamethasone for 3 h at 37°C to investigate its direct effects on gene expression.ResultsThere were no adverse effects observed during either protocol. Dexamethasone challenge did not alter circulating [insulin] or [total adiponectin] at any time‐point, but significantly upregulated AdipoR1 and IGF‐1R expression at 150 and 180 min. Ex vivo incubation of whole blood with dexamethasone did not alter expression of the genes examined. There was no change in [total adiponectin] or expression of the genes examined associated with EHC‐induced hyperinsulinemia.Main limitationsThis was a small sample size that included only native‐breed ponies; total adiponectin was measured rather than high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin.ConclusionsShort‐term induced hyperinsulinaemia and dexamethasone challenge did not affect circulating [total adiponectin] in insulin‐sensitive ponies. However, dexamethasone administration was associated with upregulation of two receptors linked to adiponectin signalling, suggesting that a physiological response occurred possibly to counteract dexamethasone‐associated changes in tissue insulin sensitivity.
Relationships between total adiponectin concentrations and obesity in native‐breed ponies in England
Authors: Barnabé Marine A. , Elliott Jonathan , Harris Patricia A. , Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEquine metabolic syndrome is a collection of risk factors associated with an increased risk of endocrinopathic laminitis. All affected animals display insulin dysregulation and some may show adiponectin dysregulation and/or excessive adiposity. However, the relationship between obesity and hypoadiponectinaemia in equids remains unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between obesity and circulating plasma total adiponectin (TA) concentrations in native‐breed ponies in England.Study designSecondary data analysis.MethodsData collected for three previous studies were retrospectively analysed and cohorts were pooled where possible (maximum sample size: n = 734 ponies). Correlations between [TA], age, and morphometric measures were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. [TA] was compared between animals of different body condition score (BCS) classification (ideal‐weight, overweight, and obese), breed, and body shape using Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's post hoc tests, and sex using Mann–Whitney U test. The proportions of obese and ideal‐weight ponies with basal hyperinsulinaemia and/or hypoadiponectinaemia were compared using a Chi‐square test of homogeneity and post hoc z‐test. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that may discriminate ponies with hypoadiponectinaemia.Results[TA] was weakly positively correlated with BCS, height, weight, and weight:height ratio (Spearman's ρ = 0.14–0.29, p < 0.05). There were significant differences in [TA] in ponies with different BCS group classification, body shape, and breed. A greater percentage of obese (54.6%) than ideal‐weight ponies (33.1%, p < 0.001) had both normal [TA] and [basal insulin], and a greater percentage of ideal‐weight (38.6%) than obese ponies (16.5%, p < 0.001) showed hypoadiponectinaemia. Weight:height and BCS group were significant variables in a logistic regression of hypoadiponectinaemia but model fit and predictive accuracy were poor.Main limitationsRetrospective study design, only native‐breed ponies included.ConclusionsMorphometric measures such as BCS do not closely reflect [TA]. Circulating [TA] and [basal insulin] should be determined in all animals with predisposing factors, regardless of obesity status.
Outcome and racing performance following standing fracture repair in 245 horses
Authors: Colgate Victoria A. , Robinson Natalie , Barnett Timothy P. , Bathe Andrew P. , Coleridge Matthew O. D. , Smith Lewis C. R. , Payne Richard J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundRepair of sagittal proximal phalanx (P1) and parasagittal metacarpal/metatarsal III (MC/MTIII) fractures has evolved over recent decades from a procedure carried out solely under general anaesthesia, to one commonly performed under standing sedation. To date, standing fracture repair has not been evaluated for large cohorts.ObjectivesTo determine short‐term (survival to discharge) and long‐term (return to racing) outcomes of horses undergoing standing repair of MC/MTIII and P1 fractures, and to compare pre‐surgical and post‐surgical racing performance.Study designSingle‐centre retrospective cohort study.MethodsRetrospective clinical record review of 245 cases undergoing standing repair of MC/MTIII or P1 fractures, 1 January 2007–30 June 2021. Data on signalment, fracture configuration and complications were collected and full race records were retrieved from the Racing Post Database (wwww.racingpost.com). Chi‐squared and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to determine any difference in variables between horses that raced after surgery compared to those that did not. McNemar change and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to compare pre‐ and post‐surgical racing performance, p ≤ 0.05.ResultsNinety‐eight percent [95% confidence interval (CI): 96.2%–99.7%] of horses survived hospital discharge, and 75.1% (95% CI: 68.9%–81.4%) raced after surgery, a median of 241 days later. Horses that raced post‐surgery were significantly less likely to have suffered from complications during hospitalisation than those that did not race again [17.3% (95% CI: 11%–24%) vs. 36.5% (95% CI: 23%–50%), p = 0.005]. Comparing pre‐ and post‐operative racing performance, there was no significant difference in earnings per start [median £628.00, interquartile range (IQR) 115.90–1934.80 vs. £653.20, 51.00–1886.40, p = 0.7] or proportion of horses winning [51% (95% CI: 41%–61%) vs. 54% (95% CI: 44%–64%), p = 0.8] or being placed first–third [77% (95% CI: 68%–85%) vs. 71% (95% CI: 62%–80%, p = 0.5] in at least one race.Main limitationsRetrospective nature of study with reliance on clinical records and public databases, limiting data available for analysis.ConclusionsStanding fracture repair is a viable treatment option for MC/MTIII or P1 fractures that returns horses to the racetrack within an acceptable time frame and is capable of restoring pre‐surgical athletic ability.
Distinctive microfossil supports early Paleoproterozoic rise in complex cellular organisation
Authors: Barlow Erica V. , House Christopher H. , Liu Ming‐Chang , Wetherington Maxwell T. , Van Kranendonk Martin J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe great oxidation event (GOE), ~2.4 billion years ago, caused fundamental changes to the chemistry of Earth's surface environments. However, the effect of these changes on the biosphere is unknown, due to a worldwide lack of well‐preserved fossils from this time. Here, we investigate exceptionally preserved, large spherical aggregate (SA) microfossils permineralised in chert from the c. 2.4 Ga Turee Creek Group in Western Australia. Field and petrographic observations, Raman spectroscopic mapping, and in situ carbon isotopic analyses uncover insights into the morphology, habitat, reproduction and metabolism of this unusual form, whose distinctive, SA morphology has no known counterpart in the fossil record. Comparative analysis with microfossils from before the GOE reveals the large SA microfossils represent a step‐up in cellular organisation. Morphological comparison to extant micro‐organisms indicates the SAs have more in common with coenobial algae than coccoidal bacteria, emphasising the complexity of this microfossil form. The remarkable preservation here provides a unique window into the biosphere, revealing an increase in the complexity of life coinciding with the GOE.
Determinants of UK students' financial anxiety amidst COVID‐19: Financial literacy and attitudes towards debt
Authors: Perry Jessica M. , Ravat Halimah , Bridger Emma K. , Carter Pelham , Aldrovandi Silvio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to the increased financial pressure—exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic—that students in higher education need to endure, considerable attention is being drawn towards the determinants of student financial anxiety. A conflicting picture has been captured about financial literacy, which has been shown to either be associated with better financial well‐being or to be unrelated to financial stress. While discerning between financial knowledge (‘objective’ financial literacy) and perceived ability to manage personal finances (‘subjective’ financial literacy), this study also explores the impact that students' attitudes towards debt may exert on their financial anxiety. In a sample of 174 university students from the UK, we measured students' financial anxiety, objective and subjective financial literacy, attitudes towards debt and perceived impact of COVID‐19 on financial behaviour. Bayesian analyses revealed that only attitudes towards debt and perception of the impact of the pandemic predicted students' financial anxiety. While the evidence in regard to financial literacy was inconclusive, mediation analyses showed that objective financial literacy indirectly impacted financial anxiety by increasing fear of debt. The findings suggest that students' financial anxiety may be reduced by adopting strategies that focus on the subjective perception of debt and of economic circumstances.