bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus 6, 11, and 16 in laryngeal papillomas
Authors: Dickens Paul , Srivastava Gopesh , Loke Shee Loong , Larkin Siepie 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwenty‐seven cases of benign laryngeal papillomas, both single and multiple variants, were analysed for human papilomavirus (HPV) by DNA slot‐blot hybridization chiefly to determine the pattern of infection in Hong Kong Chinese. DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks of formalin‐fixed tissue and probed separately for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18. Sixteen cases (59 per cent) showed the presence of at least one of these four HPV genomes. Thirteen cases (48 per cent) were positive for HPV 11 only. Three other cases (11 per cent) showed triple positivity for HPV 6, 11, and 16. None were positive for HPV 18. The predominance of HPV 11 infection contrasts with other series which have shown either an almost equal distribution of HPV 6 and 11 or a predominance of HPV 6. The finding of HPV 16 in three cases was unexpected. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers complementary to the upstream regulatory region of the HPV 16 viral DNA, the presence of HPV 16 genome was confirmed in all three cases. As the number of HPV 16‐positive cases in this study is small, analysis of more cases using fresh biopsy material and a wider range of HPV type‐specific PCR primers is warranted to determine the relative incidence of HPV subtypes in these benign laryngeal papillomas.
Apoptosis in cultured rat hepatocytes: The effects of tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ
Authors: Shinagawa Tadashi , Yoshioka Kentaro , Kakumu Shinichi , Wakita Takaji , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Itoh Yuji , Takayanagi Masahiro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe investigated the cytotoxic effects of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interferon γ(IFN γ) on rat hepatocytes in culture. Under phase contrast microscopy, we found a small number of dying hepatocytes in control cultures, each having been transformed into a cluster of small spheres. Under transmission electron microscopy, these cells showed the characteristics of apoptosis. TNF α and a combination of TNF α and IFN γ exerted a cytotoxic effect, whereas IFN γ showed no significant cytotoxicity when assessed by neutral red assay and by measuring LDH activity in culture medium. Under phase contrast microscopy, the number of apoptotic cells increased with the addition of either TNF α or IFN γ, and markedly with the addition of both. DNA extracted from apoptotic cells cultured with TNF α and IFN γ was fragmented, and a set of bands of the ‘200 bp ladder’, which is characteristic of the DNA of apoptotic cells, was observed in agarose gel electrophoresis. These findings indicate that cultured hepatocytes die from apoptosis. TNF α killed cultured rat hepatocytes by increasing apoptosis, and this effect was potentiated by the addition of INF γ, which by itself was also weakly cytotoxic.
Cell proliferation
Authors: Hall Peter A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe composition of a series of critical summaries is necessarily idiosyncratic, but in this compliation I have been guided by the recent publication of reviews and monographs on the subject.1–3 consequently, it seems reasonable to focus on more fundamental areas of research which may lie outside the normal reading of most pathologists. Nevertheless, I regard these burgeoning areas as being likely to impinge on our research, if not our practice, in the near future. I will concentrate on four areas that I consider of particular interest. First, regulation of the cell cycle; second, arrest of proliferation; third, programmed cell death; and finally, the generation of novel markets of prolkiferation.
The epidermal growth factor receptor in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lemoine Nicholas R. , Hughes Christine M. , Barton Claire M. , Poulsom Richard , Jeffery Rosemary E. , Klöppel Günter , Hall Peter A. , Gullick William J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands are thought to be important in the control of proliferation of many epithelial systems, including the exocrine pancreas. Abnormalities in expression of two of the known ligands of the EGFR, transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor, occur frequently in ductal adenocarcinoma of the human pancreas. We have examined an archival series of cases of pancreatic pathology for expression of the EGFR using the anti‐EGFR antiserum 12E and found that there is almost ubiquitous overexpression of EGFR in pancreatic cancer and in chronic pancreatitis. Southern blot analysis showed no evidence of amplification or rearrangement of the EGFR gene. We conclude that an autocrine loop involving the EGFR system may be involved in the genesis of both neoplasia and reactive hyperplasia of pancreatic ductal epithelium.
Oestrogen receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in male breast carcinoma
Authors: Fox Stephen B. , Rogers Suzanne , Day Christopher A. , Underwood James C. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMale breast carcinomas are probably hormone‐dependent, but receptor studies are few because this is a relatively rare tumour, We have studied 21 cases of male breast carcinoma immunohistochemically for oestrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression employing the antibodies ER‐ICA and 12E on formalinfixed, paraffin‐embedded material. In our series, 86 per cent of male breast cancers were ER‐positive and 76 per cent were EGFR‐positive. Male breast carcinomas do not exhibit the inverse correlation between ER and EGFR expression that characterizes female breast carcinomas. Owing to the limitations of a small series, we were unable to comment on the relationship between ER and EGFR expression and patient survival. However, the relatively high incidence of ER expression may provide a growth advantage for this tumour in a male environment characterized by low levels of oestrogen. In addition, high EGFR expression may also contribute to a poor prognosis independent of ER status.
Peroxisomal enzymes in normal and tumoral human breast
Authors: Bouhtoury Fatima El , Keller Jean‐Marie , Colin Suzanne , Parache Robert Michel , Dauça Michel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe presence of peroxisomes and their enzymatic content were investigated and compared in healthy and neoplastic human breast epithelial cells using cytochemical studies at the ultrastructural level as well as Western blot and biochemical analyses. Ultrastructural cytochemistry revealed the presence of these organelles in both normal and neoplastic breast tissues. Their mean diameter was 0.27 ± 0.11 μm. No significant difference was noted between numbers of peroxisomes in normal and neoplastic breast epithelia. Catalase, D‐amino acid oxidase, and urate oxidase were found to be expressed in mammary carcinoma and in surrounding non‐malignant tissue when the postnuclear supernatant fractions prepared from homogenates were assessed by Western blot techniques. Their specific activities and that of fatty acyl CoA oxidase as determined spectrophotometrically were found to be diminished in the tumour when compared with the control tissue. On the other hand, no significant difference was found in the specific activity of the L‐a‐hydroxy acid oxidase of normal and neoplastic human breast tissues. Investigations of the relationship between peroxisomal enzymes and tumour grade revealed that catalase, urate oxidase, and fatty acyl CoA oxidase activites in breast neoplastic tissues belonging to grade III were significantly lower than in the adjacent normal tissues.
A study of cell proliferation in formalin‐fixed, wax‐embedded bone marrow trephine biopsies using the monoclonal antibody PC10, reactive with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
Authors: Wilkins B. S. , Harris S. , Waseem N. H. , Lane D. P. , Jones D. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have investigated proliferation in bone marrow trephine biopsies from 32 patients with normal or abnormal haemopoiesis, using the monoclonal antibody PC10, which detects proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), together with immunohistochemical markers of haemopoietic cell lineage.PCNA immunostaining revealed the pattern of proliferation within individual haemopoietic lineages in normal marrow. Two unexpected observations were made: of erythroid cells, only pro‐erythroblasts and occasional early normoblasts reacted, and positivity of megakaryocytes was unrelated to nuclear lobulation or CD61 expression.The pathological cases represented conditions in which haemopoiesis is increased (reactive hyperplasia, chronic granulocytic leukaemia, myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic syndromes, megaloblastic anaemia). Increases in the number, and disturbances of the spatial organization, of PCNA‐expressing cells were present to a variable extent in all cases.Sheets of PCNA‐positive megaloblastoid erythrocytes were frequently found in myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative tissue, associated with marked disturbances in the spatial organization of all haemopoietic lineages. Cases of megaloblastic anaemia due to vitamin B12/folate deficiency also demonstrated greatly increased erythroid PCNA expression, with positivity in some giant metamyelocytes.In addition to reflecting increased proliferation, elevated PCNA expression in some bone marrow pathologies may be due to altered kinetics of the protein induced by disturbances in growth factor production.
Morphometric analysis of nucleolar organizer regions in benign and malignant peritoneal effusions using backscattered electron microscopy
Authors: Lim S. Megan , Duggan Máire A. , Ruff Monica , Rahim Shameem , McGregor S. Elizabeth , Green Francis H. Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNucleolar organizer regions are loops of DNA associated with silver‐stainable proteins (AgNORs). In general, malignant cells have more and larger AgNORs than benign cells. An inconsistent argyrophilic method and difficulties a objectively evaluating AgNORs account for some of the reluctance to utilize AgNOR staining as a diagnostic tool to differentiate benign and malignant lesions. Section from paraffin‐embedded cell blocks of 10 cases of benign and nalignatnt peritoneal effusions were stained with a modified AgNOR method. Backscattered electron imaging in the Scanning electron microscope, together with image analysis, was used to evaluate more objectively a number of AgNOR parameters and to determine which measurement was the most reliable discriminant of the two types of fluids. One hundred nuclei per case were identified and imaged. In contrast to benign nuclei, AgNORs in malignant nuclei were more numerous (P 0.0001). and larger (P0.0001) A cut‐off mean AgNOR area of 1.1 μm2 (P 0.0001) correctly categorized all malignant (1.1 μm2) and benign (>1.1 μm2) cases. This system's objectivity and specificity could be and to enhance the cytological interpretation of effusions, where the separation of reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells is extremely difficult.
αB crystallin expression in nonlenticular tissues and selective presence in ubiquitinated inclusion bodies in human disease
Authors: Lowe J. , McDermott H. , Pike I. , Spendlove I. , Landon M. , Mayer R. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractαB crystallin is a lens protein which has homology with the small heat‐shock proteins and is also expressed in nonenticular tissues. Polyclonal antibodies have been raised to a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 1–10 of αB crystallin. The antiserum detects a 20 kDa polypeptide on nitrocellulose replicas after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate of extracts of heart muscle known to be rich in αB crystallin. Staining of normal human tissues reveals immunoreactivity of lens capsular epithelium, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. renal tubular epithelium, Schwann cells, and glial cells, as has been described by other workers. In addition, positive staining of normal thyroid epithelium, colonic epithelium, and stratified squamous epithelium was seen.Tissues known to contain ubiquitinated inclusion bodies were immunostained with the anti‐αB‐crystallin antiserum. Staining of cortical Lewy bodies, astrocytic Rosenthal fibres, and hepatic Mallory bodies was seen, but only a propertion of inclusions were positive. Neurones containing the ubiquitinated inclusions of Alzheimer's disease were only very rarely stained and the ubiquitinated inclusons of motor neurone disease were not detected by the antiserum. Reactive astrocytes in cerebral tissues were strongly immunostained.The results suggest that αB crystallin is involved in the formation of ubiquitinated inclusion bodies that have issociated intermediate filaments and support previous observations on the localization of a brain‐specific ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase which similarly divides ubiquitinated filamentous inclusions in the central nervous system into two main groups.
Replication of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells induced in vivo by hypercholesterolaemia and materials released from platelet‐rich white thrombus
Authors: Asada Yujiro , Hayashi Tohru , Tanimura Nobuhiko , Kisanuki Atsushi , Sumiyoshi Akinobu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEndothelial cell injury is considered to be the primary event in atherogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypercholesterolamemia, and substances released from platelet‐rich thrombi, individually and together on endothelial cells and the wall of the rabbit in vivo. We divided 24 rabbits into four groups: I was a control group on a normal diet; II was a tubing group on a normal diet, in which polyethylene tubing was inserted into the ascending aorta; III was a group being fed a cholesterol diet; and IV was a combined group being fed a cholesterol diet with polyethylene tubing in the ascending aorta. Segments from the descending thoracic and abdominal aortas which were not injured directly by tubing were examined morphologically and for [3H] thymidine incorporation into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The descending aortas of groups II, III, and IV showed various degrees of endothelial cell damage. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into endothelial cells and aortic wall was increased in groups II, III, and IV (most in group IV) as compared with group I.These data indicate that hypercholesterolaemia and substances released from activated platelets and/or white mural thrombi can cause endothelial damage which may result in endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation. In addition, a combination of these two factors showed an additive effect on the endothelial injury and regeneration in vivo.
Immunohistological detection of human parvovirus B19 in formalinfixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues
Authors: Morey Adrienne L. , O'neill Hugh J. , Coyle Peter V. , Fleming Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman parvovirus B19 is a cause of aplastic crises in patients with haemolytic anaemias, prolonged bone marrow failure in the immunosuppressed, and fetal death secondary to non‐immune hydrops. The immunohistological detection of parvovirus B19 in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues has not previously been reported, and definitive diagnosis of infection in such specimens has relied on the use of specialized DNA hybridization and amplification techniques. A new monoclonal antibody to B19 capsid proteins, R92F6, was found to be capable of labelling infected cells in paraffin‐embedded tissues from all 19 cases of parvovirus‐related fetal hydrops tested, and in bone marrow from a child with congenital immunodeficiency and chronic parvovirus infection. Viral antigen was detected both in cytoplasmic and in nuclear distributions using the alkaline phosphatase anti‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique without preceding proteolytic digestion. The viral epitope recognized appears to be highly conserved, as speicmens were obtained over a 13‐year period from widely spaced locations in the U.K. Antibody R92F6 should facilitate rapid diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection in routinely processed and archival specimens.
Detection of Epstein‐Barr virus in lymphoid tissues of patients with infectious mononucleosis by in situ hybridization
Authors: Prange Eberhard , Trautmann Johann C. , Kreipe Hans , Radzun Heinz J. , Parwaresch Mohammad R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlthough the immunological response during infectious mononucleosis (IMN) has been studied in detail, little is known about the spread of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in lymphoid organs or the topographical distribution of the infected cells. In this study, EBV was detected in 11 lymph nodes, 4 tonsils, and 1 spleen of 16 patients with IMN. The predominant cell type positive for the EBV genome was identified as small lymphocytes localized chiefly within typical T areas, preferentially in perifollicular and interfollicular regions of the lymph node. A few endothelia of epithelioid venules were also found to be positive. Furthermore, a small number of sinus lining cells of lymph nodes exhibited labelling. Altogether, only a small number of cells, not exceeding 1 per cent of all cells, were infected with EBV. Our results show that only a small number of lymphocytes carry the EBV and that besides B lymphocytes, other cell constituents of lymphatic tissues are infected by EBV during IMN.
Oestrogen and progesterone receptor immunocytochemistry in human hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium
Authors: Snijders Marc P. , De Goeij Antony F. , Koudstaal Johan , Thunnissen Erik B. , De Haan Jelte , Bosman Fred T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProliferative disorders of the endometrium may be associated with autocrine and paracrine actions between stromal and epithelial cells. To determine whether the stromal–epithelial relation with respect to oestrogen receptor (OR) and progesterone receptor (PR) is disturbed in (pre)malignant endometrium immunocytochemical OR and PR expression was quantitated by computerized image analysis. This was studied in the stromal and epithelial cells of endometrial specimens diagnosed as hyperplasia (n = 14), atypical hyperplasia (n = 16), and adenocarcinoma (n = 33). Paraffin sections were used for optimal preservation of histomorphology. A progressive loss of OR and PR content occurred with increasing malignant transformation. Stromal cells in atypical hyperplasia (P = 0.0007) and well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma (P = 0.0008) exhibited a relative loss of PR content as compared with epithelial cells (P = 0.036 and P = 0.17, respectively). In atypical hyperplasia, the decrease in stromal PR content was not in parallel with persistent stromal OR immunostaining. Furthermore, stromal PR expression in atypical hyperplasia was significantly (P = 0.004) lower than in the surrounding hyperplasia, whereas the stromal OR staining as well as the epithelial OR and PR staining did not differ significantly. These observations may reflect a disturbance in hormonal interrelationships between endometrial cells in the development of endometrial neoplasia, indicating that stroma may modulate epithelial growth by paracrine mechanisms.
Contact between abluminal microvilli and collagen fibrils in metastatic adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma
Authors: Carstens Per H. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt can be difficult to differentiate between epithelial and mixed type mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. To distinguish between the two, it has recently been suggested that the presence of abluminal microvilli making contact with collagen fibrils through discontinuities in the basal lamina was characteristic of mesothelioma but not of metastatic adenocarcinoma. This study presents three patients out of 39 who had adenocarcinoma metastatic to the pleural and abdominal cavities, in which direct contact was observed between abluminal microvilli and collagen fibrils. All 39 examples of mesothelioma which were also examined demonstrated this feature. This phenomenon should therefore not be used as a discriminator between mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. An additional patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma in an axillary lymph node demonstrates that this phenomenon is not limited to the pleural or abdominal cavities.
Onset and evolution of pulmonary vascular disease in young children: Abnormal postnatal remodelling studied in lung biopsies
Authors: Hall Susan M. , Haworth Sheila G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPulmonary arterial structure was examined in lung biopsies from 26 children with severe pulmonary hypertensive congenital heart disease, aged 2 months–18 years, in whom the mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 55 (range 35–105) mmHg, using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were applied and findings compared with those in age‐matched controls.At 2 months, the smooth muscle cells showed hyperplasia, hypertrophy (mean cell diameter increased, P<0.001), and accelerated differentiation. In all pulmonary hypertensive cases aged less than 6 months, the contractile myofilament concentration was similar to the normal concentration at 6 months. Medial connective tissue was excessive for age. Smooth muscle cells within the intima (intimal proliferation) were first seen at 7 months, lying beneath a new internal elastic lamina. They showed a reduction in myofilament concentration in the more fibrotic lesions.In all cases, endothelial cells were abnormally thick (P<0.001) and elongated. Cytoskeletal remodelling was indicated by an increase in micro‐ and intermediate filament volume density (P<0.05 for both). The severity of endothelial damage was related to vessel size and position in the arterial pathway.These findings indicate that pulmonary vascular disease begins at or soon after birth with abnormal pulmonary vascular remodelling which leads to obliterative pulmonary vascular disease.
1,1‐dichloroethylene‐induced alterations in glutathione and covalent binding in murine lung: Morphological, histochemical, and biochemical studies
Authors: Moussa Madeleine , Forkert Poh‐Gek 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNon‐ciliated Clara cells of the pulmonary bronchiolar epithelium are preferentially damaged by administration of 1,1‐dichloroethylene (1,1‐DCE) to mice. In this study, an in vivo system was utilized to investigate the dose‐dependent effects of 1,1‐DCE (75, 125, 175, and 225 mg/kg) on covalent binding and on reduced glutathione (GSH) in murine lung. Treatment of mice with each dose level of 1,1‐DCE elicited significant decreases in GSH content and resulted in covalent binding of [14C]1,1‐DCE in a dose‐dependent manner. Histochemical staining for GSH in lungs of control mice revealed positive cellular sites in alveolar septa and bronchiolar epithelium, with the highest staining intensities in Clara cells. Staining was reduced after exposure to 75 and 125 mg/kg 1,1‐DCE, and at higher doses it was abolished in alveolar septa and retained in bronchiolar epithelium, albeit at considerably reduced intensities. Heterogeneity with respect to staining intensities was consistently observed in the Clara cell population in both control and 1,1‐DCE‐treated mice. Progressive increases in covalent binding and decreases in GSH content correlated with increasing severities of Clara cell injury. These results show a dose dependence in regard to the magnitudes of [14C]1,1‐DCE binding, the alterations in cellular GSH, and the severities of Clara cell necrosis.