bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrolysis of Np(IV) and Pu(IV) and their complexation by aqueous Si(OH)4
Authors: Yusov A. B. , Fedosseev A. M. , Delegard C. H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe hydrolysis and interaction of Np(IV) and Pu(IV) with orthosilicic acid, Si(OH)4, were studied in 0.1–1.0 M ionic strength aqueous solutions. Spectrophotometry was used to study these reactions at about 10–4M Np(IV) and Pu(IV) concentrations. The first hydrolysis constants,Khydr, agree with the majority of earlier spectrophotometric and potentiometric data. The absorption spectra of NpOH3+and PuOH3+were obtained by spectral deconvolution. Reasons to explain the overestimation ofKhydrobtained by other methods [by extraction of trace amounts of Np(IV) and Pu(IV) and by solubility] are discussed. Formation of the complexes NpOSi(OH)33+and PuOSi(OH)33+is demonstrated in the presence of 0.005–0.016 M Si(OH)4in the p[H+] range 1.0–2.2 and 0.3–1.4, respectively. Measured values of equilibrium constants of the reactionM4++ Si(OH)4↔ MOSi(OH)33++ H+at ionic strengthI=1.0 are lgK1= 0.41±0.02 and 1.04±0.04, respectively, for Np(IV) and Pu(IV). The stability constants of the NpOSi(OH)33+and PuOSi(OH)33+complexes, recalculated to zero ionic strength, are lg β10= 11.2 and 11.8, respectively. The correlation betweenKhydrandK1, as observed for all earlier studied metal ions, also occurs for both Np(IV) and Pu(IV).
Work and Politics: The Division of Labor in Industry and The Politics of Production: Factory Regimes under Capitalism and Socialism
Authors: Lurie Sue Gena 
Published: December 2004

Work and Politics: The Division of Labor in Industry. Charles Sabel. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1982. xiii. 304 pp.The Politics of Production: Factory Regimes under Capitalism and Socialism. Michael Burawoy. Verso Press: London, 1985. 272 pp.
Reconciling Contingencies in Work, Costs of Living, and Community Responsibilities
Authors: Zimmer Richard 
Published: December 2004

Caring and Doing For Others: Social Responsibility in the Domains of Family, Work, and Community. Alice S. Rossi, ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001Nonstandard Work: The Nature and Challenges of Emerging Employment Arrangements. Francoise Carré, Marianne A. Ferber, Lonnie Golden, and Stephen A. Herzenberg, eds. Champaign, II: Industrial Relations Research Association, University of Illinois, 2000.
Perisylvian language networks of the human brain
Authors: Catani Marco , Jones Derek K. , ffytche Dominic H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEarly anatomically based models of language consisted of an arcuate tract connecting Broca's speech and Wernicke's comprehension centers; a lesion of the tract resulted in conduction aphasia. However, the heterogeneous clinical presentations of conduction aphasia suggest a greater complexity of perisylvian anatomical connections than allowed for in the classical anatomical model. This article re‐explores perisylvian language connectivity using in vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging tractography. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data from 11 right‐handed healthy male subjects were averaged, and the arcuate fasciculus of the left hemisphere reconstructed from this data using an interactive dissection technique. Beyond the classical arcuate pathway connecting Broca's and Wernicke's areas directly, we show a previously undescribed, indirect pathway passing through inferior parietal cortex. The indirect pathway runs parallel and lateral to the classical arcuate fasciculus and is composed of an anterior segment connecting Broca's territory with the inferior parietal lobe and a posterior segment connecting the inferior parietal lobe to Wernicke's territory. This model of two parallel pathways helps explain the diverse clinical presentations of conduction aphasia. The anatomical findings are also relevant to the evolution of language, provide a framework for Lichtheim's symptom‐based neurological model of aphasia, and constrain, anatomically, contemporary connectionist accounts of language. Ann Neurol 2005
Design and Synthesis of a Focused Library of Novel Aryl‐ and Heteroaryl‐Ketopiperazides
Authors: Gerlach Matthias , Claus Eckhard , Baasner Silke , Müller Gilbert , Polymeropoulos Emmanuel , Schmidt Peter , Günther Eckhard , Engel Jürgen 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1‐Phenyl‐4‐piperazinyl‐carbonyl‐substituted nitrogen‐containing heterocycles were discovered at Zentaris as a new class of potent, synthetic, small molecule tubulin inhibitors with strong antiproliferative activity. The lead structure of this class, D‐24203, proved to be a potent inhibitor of in vivo tumor growth in different xenograft models including mammary and renal cancers. As part of our efforts in the lead optimization process to expand structural diversity as well as to optimize bioavailability parameters such as solubility and metabolic stability for these compounds, we produced and evaluated a focused library containing 320 compounds. Five new heterocyclic compound classes with comparable activity properties in the cytotoxicity and tubulin polymerization assay could be identi fied. In silico calculated bioavailability parameters for selected library members provides new compound classes with improved solubility properties.Library design, development of adequate solution phase methodology, and synthesis will be presented, as well as results of lead optimization.
Construction and Validation of a Microprocessor Controlled Extracorporal Circuit in Rats for the Optimization of Isolated Limb Perfusion
Authors: Gürtler Ulrich , Fuchs Peter , Stangelmayer Achim , Bernhardt Günther , Buschauer Armin , Spruss Thilo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAlthough a few experimental approaches to isolated limb perfusion (ILP) are described in the literature, none of these animal models mimics the clinical perfusion techniques adequately to improve the technique of ILP on the basis of valid preclinical data. Therefore, we developed an ILP setup in rats allowing online monitoring of essential perfusion parameters such as temperature (in perfusate, various tissues, and rectum), pH (perfusate), perfusion pressure, and O2 concentration (in perfusate, tissue), by a tailor‐made data acquisition system. This setup permits close supervision of vital parameters during ILP. Various interdependencies, concerning the flow rate and the pressure of perfusate as well as tissue oxygenation were registered. For the measurement of pO2 values in the perfusate and in different regions of the perfused hind limb, a novel type of microoptode based on quenching of a fluorescent dye was devised. Stable normothermic (37 °C) perfusion conditions were maintained at a constant perfusion pressure in the range of 40‐60 mm Hg by administration of the spasmo lytic moxaverine (0.5 mg/mL of perfusate as initial dose) at a perfusate flow rate of 0.5 mL/min for 60 min. At the end of an ILP, there were no signs of tissue damage, neither concerning laboratory data (K+, myoglobin, creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase) nor histopathological criteria. The reported ILP model is not only well suited to investigate the effects of hyperthermia but also to assess the efficacy of new antineoplastic approaches, when nude rats, bearing human tumours in the hind limbs, are used.
Paraclinoid and cavernous sinus regions: Measurement of critical structures relevant for surgical procedure
Authors: Collignon Frederic , Link Michael 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDetermination of the safest distance the falciform ligament can be incised from its origin to the orbital apex. Measurement of the distance between the oculomotor foramen and the IV nerve in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Evaluation of the optic strut as an accurate landmark between the intradural (subarachnoid) and extradural segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Ten fixed human cadaver heads were examined for a total of 20 sides. A frontotemporal craniotomy, an orbito‐optic osteotomy, and extradural anterior clinoidectomy were carried out followed by opening the falciform ligament, circumferentially releasing the distal dural ring and dissection of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus under the operating microscope. We measured: 1) the distance between the entry of the III nerve and the point where the IV nerve crosses over it into the cavernous sinus; 2) the distance the falciform ligament can be incised along the optic nerve laterally until the IV nerve is encountered at the orbital apex; 3) the distance between the optic strut and the lateral part of the distal dural ring; and 4) the distance between the optic strut and the ophthalmic artery. All measurements were made in millimeters, using small calipers. The distance between the optic strut and the lateral part of the distal dural ring ranges from 3–7.5 mm (mean = 5.47 mm). In all our specimens, the ophthalmic artery was found distally from the optic strut in the intradural space at a distance ranging from 0.5–7 mm (mean = 3.35 mm). The distance between the entry of the third nerve and the IV nerve into the cavernous sinus ranged from 7–15 mm (mean = 10.9 mm). The distance between the origin of the falciform ligament and the IV nerve at the level of the orbital apex ranged from 9–15 mm (mean = 10.75 mm). The falciform ligament and the optic sheath should not be opened longer than 9 mm along the lateral optic nerve or injury to the IV nerve can occur. Starting at the oculomotor foramen, the opening of the cavernous sinus should be limited to 7 mm to avoid injuring the IV nerve. Finally, the optic strut can be a reliable bony landmark that separates the subarachnoid space and extradural compartments along the anterior and medial ICA. Clin. Anat. 18:3–9, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variations in the anatomy of the auriculotemporal nerve
Authors: Gülekon Nadir , Anil Afitap , Poyraz Aylar , Peker Tuncay , Turgut Hasan Basri , Karaköse Mustafa 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe common representation of the auriculotemporal nerve is either that of a single posterior branch of the mandibular nerve or of two roots that envelope the middle meningeal artery. Our observation in the anatomy of the auriculotemporal nerve on 32 dissections (16 cadaveric heads) of the infratemporal fossa included: one specimen with four roots (3.1%), three specimens with three roots (9.4%), 12 specimens with two roots (37.5%), and 16 specimens with one root (50%). Furthermore, a connecting nerve branch was observed between auriculotemporal and inferior alveolar nerves in four specimens, and in another auriculotemporal nerve case, between the upper and lower roots. In the cadaver of a 70‐year‐old male, a four‐rooted auriculotemporal nerve variation was found. These four branches lay to the posterior, combined at the posterosuperior of the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries and formed a ganglion‐like knot. From this knot, four branches stemmed and ran to the temporomandibular joint, external acoustic meatus, zygoma, and parotid gland. The knot was larger and thicker than expected; thus, it was removed and stained with haematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) and S100 for histological studies. This structure was not a true ganglion but a structure formed by fusion of nerve fibers. Clin. Anat. 18:15–22, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A New Class of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Amphiphilic Gelators
Authors: Mohmeyer Nils , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new powerful class of low‐molecular‐weight amphiphilic compounds has been synthesized and their structure–property relationships with respect to their gelation ability of organic solvents have been investigated. These compounds are able to gel organic solvents over a broad range of polarity. Especially polar solvents such as valeronitrile and γ‐butyrolactone can be gelled even at concentrations far below 1 wt %. It was found that the gelation ability of these asymmetrically substituted p‐phenylendiamines depends on a well‐balanced relation of the terminal head group, the units involved in hydrogen bonding (amide or urea groups), and on the length of the alkyl chain. With this class of new gelators it is possible to tailor thermal and mechanical properties in different organic solvents and open various application possibilities.
The First Metal (Nd3+, Mn2+, and Pb2+) Coordination Compounds of 3,5‐Dinitrotyrosine and their Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Ye Qiong , Li Yong‐Hua , Wu Qian , Song Yu‐Mei , Wang Ju‐Xian , Zhao Hong , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Xue Ziling 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe reactions of 3,5‐dinitrotyrosine (H2DNTY) with Nd(NO3)3⋅6 H2O, Mn(ClO4)2⋅6 H2O, and Pb(OAc)2 afforded three homochiral compounds: discrete [Nd(Hdnty)2(NO3)(H2O)5]⋅3 H2O (1) and two‐ and three‐dimensional coordination polymers, [Mn(Hdnty)2] (2) and [Pb(dnty)(0.5 H2O)] (3), respectively. The Nd atom in 1 displays a tricapped trigonal prism and supramolecular weak interactions, such as π–π stacking and H‐bonds, between amino and nitro groups result in the formation of a three‐dimensional network through these interactions. 2 has a two‐dimensional square‐grid topological net while 3 has the first three‐dimensional homochiral ThSi2 net. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first metal coordination compounds with 3,5‐dinitrotyrosine. Preliminary second harmonic generation (SHG) investigations indicated that 1 and 2 are SHG active with estimated responses 5 and 6 times larger than that of urea, respectively, while 3 is SHG non‐active (obeying the Klainman symmetry requirement). Strong enhancement of their SHG efficiency, compared with H2DNTY, may be due to 1) the addition of a good donor–π–acceptor organic chromophore into the compound resulting in superior qualities of both inorganic and organic materials and 2) the H‐bonds that persist in them. Crystal data: 1: C18H32N7O25Nd, Mr=890.75 g mol−1, monoclinic, P21, a=7.0179(7), b=27.060(3), c=8.3097(8) Å, α=γ=90.00, β=95.646(2)°, V=1570.4(3) Å3, Z=2, ρcalcd=1.884 Mg m−3, R1=0.0489, wR2=0.1223, μ=17.67 mm−1, S=0.811, Flack value=0.003(13); 2: C18H16N6O14Mn, Mr=595.31 g mol−1, orthorhombic, P21212, a=8.4381(14), b=13.639(2), c=19.697(3) Å, α=β=γ=90.00°, V=2266.9(6) Å3, Z=4, ρcalcd=1.744 Mg m−3, R1=0.0866, wR2=0.2030, μ=6.72 mm−1, S=1.095, Flack value=0.02(6); 3: C9H8N3O7.5Pb, Mr=485.37 g mol−1, tetragonal, P41212, a=12.8136(12), b=12.8136(12), c=14.931(2), α=β=γ=90.00°, V=2451.5(5) Å3, Z=8, ρcalcd=1.885 Mg m−3, R1=0.0564, wR2=0.1323, μ=6.942 mm−1, S=0.878, Flack value=0.03(2). For space group P43212: R1=0.0672, wR2=0.1656, S=1.034, Flack value=1.02(3); this suggests the chosen space group P41212 is correct.
Hydroformylation and Isomerization of Allene and Propyne: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Huo Chun‐Fang , Li Yong‐Wang , Beller Matthias , Jiao Haijun 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe [HCo(CO)3]‐catalyzed hydroformylation of allene and propyne has been investigated at the B3LYP level of density functional theory. It is found that hydroformylation of allene favors the linear anti‐Markovnikov product in high regioselectivity both kinetically and thermodynamically. The origin of this regioselectivity comes from the enhanced stability of the η3‐allylic intermediate [(η3‐CH2CHCH2)Co(CO)3]. By contrast, propyne does not show any regioselectivity. The possible interconversion between allene and propyne mediated by [HCo(CO)3] has been explored.
Physician practices of bone density testing and drug prescribing to prevent or treat osteoporosis during androgen deprivation therapy [An erratum to this Article has been published in Cancer 2006;106(11):2530]
Authors: Tanvetyanon Tawee 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a strong risk factor for osteoporosis. The current study identified physician practices in preventing or treating osteoporosis during ADT. The practices of interest are the uses of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, bisphosphonates, calcium or vitamin D supplement, calcitonin, or estrogen.METHODSA retrospective medical record review was conducted. Patients were included if they had received ADT with goserelin injection for ≥ 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of receiving at least one intervention.RESULTSAnalyses included 184 patients. Most were the elderly with multiple risk factors for osteoporosis. Only 8.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6–13.0%) of patients received a DXA scan at least once during the past 3 years. Oral and intravenous bisphosphonates were prescribed in 4.9% (95%CI, 1.8–8.0%) and 0.5% (95%CI, 0–2.0%) of patients, respectively, during the past year. Overall, 14.7% of patients (95%CI, 9.5–20.0%) received at least one intervention. Concurrent risk factors for osteoporosis, including smoking, alcoholism, advanced age, low body mass index, long duration of ADT, multiple comorbidities, history of fractures, and steroid use, were not independent predictors of having received interventions. However, bone metastasis was, with a hazard ratio of 5.6 (95%CI, 1.99–15.6%). Primary care physicians provided the greatest number of interventions and cancer‐related specialists provided the fewest.CONCLUSIONSThe majority of patients with prostate carcinoma undergoing ADT did not receive interventions to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Having other concurrent risk factors for osteoporosis was not predictive of receiving these few interventions. [An erratum to this Article has been published in Cancer 2006;106(11):2530] Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Ethanol stimulates tumor progression and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in chick embryos
Authors: Gu Jian‐Wei , Bailey Amelia Purser , Sartin Amanda , Makey Ian , Brady Ann L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mechanisms by which alcohol consumption causes cancer have not been established due to a lack of experimental studies.METHODSA chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model that bore human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) was used to determine whether the administration of physiologically relevant doses of ethanol could stimulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumors. HT1080 cells were inoculated onto the “upper CAM” on Day 8, saline or ethanol was administrated at a dose of 0.25g/kg per day on the CAM, and the tumors were harvested on Day 17. VEGF mRNA and protein were determined by Northern blot analysis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Intratumoral vascular volume density (IVVD) was determined by point counting on periodic acid–Schiff‐stained sections. Intravasation of HT1080 cells was determined using human‐Alu polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effects of ethanol on VEGF expression and cell proliferation were examined in cultured HT1080 cells.RESULTSEthanol treatment for 9 days caused a 2.2‐fold increase in tumor volume (867 ± 138 mm3 vs. 402 ± 28 mm3), a 2.1‐fold increase in IVVD (0.021 ± 0.004 mm3/mm3 vs. 0.010 mm3/mm3 ± 0.002 mm3/mm3), and a significant increase in VEGF mRNA or protein expression in tumors compared with a group of control embryos (n = 6 embryos; P < 0.01). Ethanol treatment caused an increase > 8‐fold in the intravasated HT1080 cells in the CAM group compared with the control group (n = 6 embryos; P < 0.01). Physiologically relevant levels of ethanol (10 mM and 20 mM) caused a dose‐related increase in VEGF mRNA and protein expression in cultured HT1080 cells. The ethanol–HT1080‐conditioned media increased the proliferation of endothelial cells, but not of HT1080 cells.CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggest that the induction of angiogenesis and VEGF expression by ethanol represents an important mechanism of cancer progression associated with alcoholic beverage consumption. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
EPR Characterisation of CuII Complexes of Poly(propylene imine) Dendromesogens: Using the Orienting Effect of a Magnetic Field
Authors: Domracheva Natalia , Mirea Anisoara , Schwoerer Markus , Torre‐Lorente Laura , Lattermann Günter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLiquid‐crystalline derivatives of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers of the 0th, 1st and 2nd generations, complexed with copper(II) ions, were studied by EPR spectroscopy. The structures of copper(II) complexes with different CuII loadings x per dendrimer ligand L (x=Cu/L) were determined. At the lowest concentration, the CuII ions form monomeric complexes with approximately square‐planar N2O2 coordination of both carbonyl oxygen and amido nitrogen atoms. At higher copper content, two kinds of CuII complex sites with different geometries exist. The orienting effect of a high magnetic field was used to investigate the structure and magnetic properties of the copper(II) complexes. This effect, for the first time in dendrimers, allowed the resolution of five nitrogen super‐hyperfine lines on gz components with the unusual coupling constant of aNz=35.9×10−4 cm−1. The combination of the magnetic parameters and the orienting effect indicates the presence of a monomeric complex with pseudotetrahedral N2O2 coordination of the CuII ion, as well as a “dimer” structure with fivefold coordination, presumably due to an N3O2 environment. Higher copper loadings lead to increased exchange coupling between the complex sites.
What Do a Foam Film and a Real Gas Have In Common?
Authors: Stubenrauch Cosima 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe stability of well‐drained quasistatic foam films (thickness <100 nm) is usually discussed in terms of surface forces, which create an excess pressure normal to the film interfaces, called the disjoining pressureΠ. The disjoining pressure is the sum of repulsive electrostatic (Πelec), attractive van der Waals (ΠvdW), and repulsive steric (Πsr) forces on the assumption that structural forces can be neglected. On the basis of these forces two different types of thin foam films are distinguished, namely common black films (CBF), which are mainly stabilized byΠelec, and Newton black films (NBF), the stability of which is determined byΠsr. With a thin‐film pressure balance (TFPB) the thicknesshof a foam film can be measured as a function of the applied pressure from which the disjoining pressureΠcan be calculated. A thorough analysis of the results published so far reveals that theΠ–hcurves of nonionic surfactants measured at different surfactant concentrations resemblep–Vmisotherms of a real gas measured at different temperatures. On the basis of these observations the van der Waals description of a real gas can be applied to foam films and a phase diagram for a foam film was constructed using the Maxwell construction.
Solid‐State Structure, Quantum Calculations and Spectroscopic Characterization of the Hydrogen‐Bonded Complex [Os(bpy)2(CO)(EtO···H‐DMAP)][PF6]2
Authors: Garino Claudio , Gobetto Roberto , Nervi Carlo , Salassa Luca , Croce Gianluca , Milanesio Marco , Rosenberg Edward , Ross J. B. Alexander 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe new H‐bonded complex [Os(bpy)2(CO)(EtO···H‐DMAP)][PF6]2, where DMAP = 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine and bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, has been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, IR, solution and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The complex shows a strong hydrogen bond between the protonated DMAP moiety and the deprotonated ethanolic group directly bonded to the Os atom. High‐speed (28 KHz) solid‐state1H MAS NMR spectroscopy and quantum‐mechanical calculations were used to assess the location of the hydrogen atom involved in the H‐bond. Both confirmed a proton characteristic of an N−H···O−Y hydrogen bond. A molecular orbital analysis was performed to elucidate the IR CO stretching frequency red shift of the H‐bonded complex with respect to [Os(bpy)2(CO)O(H)Et][OTf]2. Absorption spectra indicate that the H‐bond is present both in water and dichloromethane solutions. However, no direct evidence of the H‐bond interaction in solution is observed from the1H NMR spectrum (CD2Cl2) between 298 and 193 K. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)