bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methadone: applied pharmacology and use as adjunctive treatment in chronic pain
Authors: Brown R , Kraus C , Fleming M , Reddy S 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
This article reviews the unique pharmacological properties of methadone and outlines its appropriate clinical application, with focus upon its use in the treatment of chronic pain. Although methadone is most widely known for its use in the treatment of opioid dependence, methadone also provides effective analgesia. Patients who experience inadequate pain relief or intolerable side effects with other opioids or who suffer from neuropathic pain may benefit from a transition to methadone as their analgesic agent. Adverse effects, particularly respiratory depression and death, make a fundamental knowledge of methadone’s pharmacological properties essential to the provider considering methadone as analgesic therapy for a patient with chronic pain.
THE CARTESIAN PRODUCT PROBLEM AND IMPLEMENTING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ON RECONFIGURABLE MESHES
Authors: BEN-ASHER YOSI 
Published: November 2004

Let A and B be two groups of up to n elements distributed on the first row of an n × n reconfigurable mesh, and CA,B a subset of the cartesian product A × B satisfying some unknown condition C. Only one broadcasting step is needed in order to compute CA,B's elements. However, the problem of moving CA,B's elements to the first row in optimal time (so that they can be further processed) is not trivial. The conditional cartesian product (CCP) problem is to move CA,B's elements to the first row in [Formula: see text] steps. This requires optimizing the cartesian product operation such that CA,B's elements will be optimally scattered in the mesh, so that O(n) elements can be retrieved in a single step as opposed to [Formula: see text] elements needed if the cartesian product is not optimized). We give a deterministic algorithm that for any A, B, C solves this problem in [Formula: see text] steps, and an "adaptive" randomized algorithm whose optimality is verified by experimental results. Note that the CCP is a case where we overcome the inherent limitation of the reconfigurable mesh, namely, the inability to perform fast routing of packets located in a small area. We also present the model of production systems, in which computation is realized by executing cartesian productions of subsets in a common element space. Production systems are useful for database applications, expert systems, and can even be used as a general parallel programming language. Solving the CCP problem allows us to devise an efficient implementation for production systems on the reconfigurable mesh. In this way the reconfigurable mesh is shown to be an attractive architecture for database machines and for parallel programming as well.
MULTIPROCESSOR RUNTIME SUPPORT FOR FINE-GRAINED, IRREGULAR DAGS
Authors: CHONG FREDERIC T. , SHARMA SHAMIK D. , BREWER ERIC A. , SALTZ JOEL 
Published: November 2004

We examine multiprocessor runtime support for fine-grained, irregular directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) such as those that arise from sparse-matrix triangular solves. We conduct our experiments on the CM-5, whose lower latencies and active-message support allow us to achieve unprecedented speedups for a general multiprocessor. Where as previous implementations have maximum speedups of less than 4 on even simple banded matrices, we are able to obtain scalable performance on extremely small and irregular problems. On a matrix with only 5300 rows, we are able to achieve scalable performance with a speedup of 34 for 128 processors, resulting in an absolute performance of over 33 million double-precision floating point operations per second. We achieve these speedups with non-matrix-specific methods which are applicable to any DAG. We compare a range of run-time preprocessed and dynamic approaches on matrices from the Harwell-Boeing benchmark set. Although precomputed data distributions and execution schedules produce the best performance, we find that it is challenging to keep their cost low enough to make them worthwhile on small, fine-grained problems. Additionally, we find that a policy of frequent network polling can reduce communication overhead by a factor of three over the standard CM-5 policies. We present a detailed study of runtime overheads and demonstrate that send and receive processor overhead still dominate these applications on the CM-5. We conclude that these applications would highly benefit from architectural support for low-overhead communication.
GUTZWILLER’S OCTAGON AND THE TRIANGULAR BILLIARD T*(2,3,8) AS MODELS FOR THE QUANTIZATION OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS BY SELBERG’S TRACE FORMULA
Authors: NINNEMANN HOLGER 
Published: November 2004

Two strongly chaotic systems are investigated with respect to quantization rules based on Selberg’s trace formula. One of them results from the action of a particular strictly hyperbolic Fuchsian group on the Poincaré disk, leading to a compact Riemann surface of genus g=2. This Fuchsian group is denoted as Gutzwiller’s group. The other one is a billiard inside a hyperbolic triangle, which is generated by the operation of a reflection group denoted as T*(2,3,8). Since both groups belong to the class of arithmetical groups, their elements can be characterized explicitly as 2×2 matrices containing entries, which are algebraic numbers subject to a particular set of restrictions. In the case of Gutzwiller’s group this property can be used to determine the geodesic length spectrum of the associated dynamical system completely up to some cutoff length. For the triangular billiard T*(2,3,8) the geodesic length spectrum is calculated by building group elements as products of a suitable set of generators and separating a unique representative for each conjugacy class. The presence of reflections in T*(2,3,8) introduces additional classes of group elements besides the hyperbolic ones, which correspond to periodic orbits of the dynamical system. Due to different choices of boundary conditions along the edges of the fundamental domain of T*(2,3,8), several quantum mechanical systems are associated to one classical system. It has been observed, that these quantum mechanical systems can be divided into two classes according to the behavior of their spectral statistics. This peculiarity is examined from the point of view of classical quantities entering quantization rules. It can be traced back to a subtle influence of the boundary conditions, which introduces contributions from non-periodic orbits for one of the two classes.
MULTIPOLE MATRIX ELEMENTS FOR DH-SYSTEMS AND THEIR ASYMPTOTICS
Authors: TARASOV V.F. 
Published: November 2004

A “DH-system” is defined as a multidimensional hydrogen atom (or its one-particle analogue), D≥1. Investigating many Coulomb problems in ℝD it is necessary to know exact analytical expressions of multipole matrix elements <q|rk|q'>D for DH-systems, where q=(N, µ) is a set of parameters, N —"principal” and µ — "orbital” quantum numbers. The paper deals with the new method for the evaluation of similar matrix elements using new properties of Appell’s function F2(x, y) to the vicinity of the singular point (1, 1). Such approach allows: 1) to get exact analytical expressions of these matrix elements (considering the selection rules) by means of Appell’s F2 (or Clausen’s 3F2) functions; 2) to reveal “latent” symmetry of diagonal matrix elements with respect to the point k0=−3/2, the above symmetry is connected with the property of Appell’s function F2 (1,1) mirror-like symmetry; 3) to find (exact) asymptotics of the off-diagonal matrix elements in terms of Horn’s function ψ1 (x, y); 4) to prove that the orthogonality of radial functions fNµ (D, r) over N and μ for DH-systems is connected with the properties of Appell’s F2 function to the vicinity of the singular point (1, 1), it generalizes the known result for 3H-atom by Pasternack and Sternheimer, J. Math. Phys.3, 1280 (1962).
NEW SPARSENESS RESULTS ON GRAPH SPANNERS
Authors: CHANDRA BARUN , DAS GAUTAM , NARASIMHAN GIRI , SOARES JOSE 
Published: November 2004

Let G=(V, E) be an n-vertex connected graph with positive edge weights. A subgraph G′=(V, E′) is a t-spanner of G if for all u, v∈V, the weighted distance between u and v in G′ is at most t times the weighted distance between u and v in G. We consider the problem of constructing sparse spanners. Sparseness of spanners is measured by two criteria, the size, defined as the number of edges in the spanner, and the weight, defined as the sum of the edge weights in the spanner. In this paper, we concentrate on constructing spanners of small weight. For an arbitrary positive edge-weighted graph G, for any t>1, and any ∈>0, we show that a t-spanner of G with weight [Formula: see text] can be constructed in polynomial time. We also show that (log2 n)-spanners of weight O(1) · wt(MST) can be constructed. We then consider spanners for complete graphs induced by a set of points in d-dimensional real normed space. The weight of an edge xy is the norm of the [Formula: see text] vector. We show that for these graphs, t-spanners with total weight O(log n) · wt(MST) can be constructed in polynomial time.
POSTURE AND MOVEMENT IN PREGNANCY
Authors: DIVIETI L. , GALLI M. , SALVI R. 
Published: November 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects caused by increasing weight of maternal abdomen on the vertebral column. We study this argument because women with typical pathologies of vertebral column as scoliosis present, after pregnancy, a worsening of pathology. The progression of scoliosis in pregnant patients presents one of the most debatable and not yet clarified topic for the inherent hazard for mother and fetus in the traditional X-ray examination. For this work, the posture and movement of six pregnant subjects, three females bearing an artificial abdomen and two men too, have been analyzed using a particular equipment (EL.I.TE) that is not dangerous for patients. We analyze also the effects on the abdominal skin (ladders) due to the abdomen extension for fetus development studying a function which gives an approximation of abdominal profile, using a hydrodynamic model, to calculate the volume and the weight of the abdomen in the different pregnancy periods and also to analyze the causes of ladders.
ON A BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR THE PLANE BROADWELL MODEL: EXACT SOLUTIONS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors: BOBYLEV A.V. , GABETTA E. , PARESCHI L. 
Published: November 2004

The initial boundary value problem for the Broadwell model equations in a half infinite channel with an infinitely small hole is considered. It is proved that this boundary value problem has no unique solution for sufficiently large concentration of the gas. There are at least two different solutions, we have constructed them in explicit form. The existence of stationary solutions for the corresponding initial boundary value problem is then numerically investigated. The results indicate a unique asymptotic behavior of the model, very close to one of the two predicted stationary solutions.
STUDY OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR A POLYMERIZATION PROBLEM
Authors: MANNUCCI PAOLA 
Published: November 2004

We analyze a mathematical model for a problem concerning the cementation of an endomedullary infibulum. The cement used is a polymer that solidifies in situ generating heat. We consider a problem in cylindrical symmetry in which the degree of polymerization and the temperature are the unknown functions. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a classical solution global in time.
MULTIPARAMETER QUANTUM FORMS OF THE ENVELOPING ALGEBRA $U_{{\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}_N}$ RELATED TO THE FADDEEV-RESHETIKHIN-TAKHTAJAN U(R) CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: TOWBER JACOB 
Published: November 2004

Two quantum enveloping algebras UR and ÛR are associated in [RTF] to any Yang-Baxter operator R. These are constructed as subalgebras of A(R)* with specific generating sets. Also, [RTF] construct specific relations on the generators for UR, leaving open the question whether these generate all relations on these generators—let us say R is “perfect” when this is the case. Given an [Formula: see text] -tuple [Formula: see text] of nonzero elements qij,r in the groundfield, ([AST], [R], [S]) construct a multiparameter deformation [Formula: see text] of GLN associated with a Yang-Baxter operator [Formula: see text]. The method of ‘braiding maps’, introduced in [LT], is applied, in order to derive a PBW basis and a generators-and-relations presentation for a suitable generalization of [Formula: see text]. These results imply that [Formula: see text] is perfect, for generic [Formula: see text]. The construction [Formula: see text] is in some ways unsatisfactory if r is a root of 1. A construction [Formula: see text] is proposed, which is in some ways better behaved, coincides with [Formula: see text] if r is not a root of 1, and also makes sense over arbitrary commutative rings.
RGS2 is an important target gene of Flt3-ITD mutations in AML and functions in myeloid differentiation and leukemic transformation
Authors: Schwäble Joachim , Choudhary Chunaram , Thiede Christian , Tickenbrock Lara , Sargin Bülent , Steur Claudia , Rehage Maike , Rudat Annika , Brandts Christian , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Serve Hubert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractActivating fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) mutations represent the most common genetic aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Most commonly, they occur as internal tandem duplications in the juxtamembrane domain (Flt3-ITD) that transform myeloid cells in vitro and in vivo and that induce aberrant signaling and biologic functions. We identified RGS2, a regulator of G-protein signaling, as a gene specifically repressed by Flt3-ITD. Here we demonstrate an important role of RGS2 in Flt3-ITD–mediated transformation. RGS2 was repressed after forced expression of activating Flt3 mutations in 2 myeloid cell lines (32Dcl3 and NB4). Furthermore, RGS2 was repressed in Flt3-mutation–positive AML cases in comparison to Flt3-mutation–negative cases, especially in Flt3-ITD–positive cases with a high ITD-to–wild-type (WT) ratio. Coexpression of RGS2 with Flt3-ITD inhibited Flt3-ITD–induced autonomous proliferation and clonal growth of 32D cells. RGS2 also inhibited Flt3-ITD–induced phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase β (Gsk3-β) without influencing signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) activation. In addition, RGS2 reinduced the expression of Flt3-ITD–repressed CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (c/EBPα) and antagonized the Flt3-ITD–induced differentiation block in 32D cells. Expression analyses in myeloid cell lines revealed induction of RGS2 during granulocytic but not during monocytic differentiation. Taken together, RGS2 is a novel mediator of myeloid differentiation, and its repression is an important event in Flt3-ITD–induced transformation.
Molecular transfer of CD40 and OX40 ligands to leukemic human B cells induces expansion of autologous tumor–reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: Biagi Ettore , Dotti Gianpietro , Yvon Eric , Lee Edward , Pule Martin , Vigouroux Stephane , Gottschalk Stephen , Popat Uday , Rousseau Raphael , Brenner Malcolm 
Published: November 2004

AbstractClinical benefits from monoclonal antibody therapy for B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have increased interest in developing additional immunotherapies for the disease. CD40 ligand is an accessory signal for T-cell activation and can overcome T-cell anergy. The OX40-OX40 ligand pathway is involved in the subsequent expansion of memory antigen-specific T cells. We expressed both CD40L and OX40L on B-CLL cells by exploiting the phenomenon of molecular transfer from fibroblasts overexpressing these ligands. We analyzed the effects of the modified B-CLL cells on the number, phenotype, and cytotoxic function of autologous T cells in 7 B-CLL patients. Transfer of CD40L and OX40L was observed in all and was followed by the up-regulation of B7-1 and B7-2. The culture of CD40L/OX40L-expressing B-CLL cells with autologous T cells generated CD4+/CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lines, which secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme-B/perforin in response to autologous, but not to allogeneic, B-CLL cells or to autologous T-cell blasts. CD40L or OX40L alone was insufficient to expand tumor-reactive T cells. The combination of CD40L and OX40L on B-CLL cells may allow the generation of therapeutic immune responses to B-CLL, either by active immunization with modified tumor cells or by adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-reactive autologous T cells.
Balance of proliferation and cell death between thyrocytes and myofibroblasts regulates thyroid fibrosis in granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (G-EAT)
Authors: Chen Kemin , Wei Yongzhong , Sharp Gordon C , Braley-Mullen Helen 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Severe granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (G-EAT), which progresses to fibrosis, is induced in DBA/1 mice by adoptive transfer of mouse thyroglobulin-primed and -activated spleen cells. There is extensive destruction of thyrocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration including T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and myofibroblasts (myofbs). Suppression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and deficiency of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) inhibit fibrosis, and inflammation eventually resolves. Thyrocyte destruction in wild-type (WT) mice was a result of apoptosis, as many deoxynucleotide triphosphate nick-end labeling + apoptotic thyrocytes were present in these thyroids. The balance of apoptosis and proliferation between thyrocytes and myofbs may be important factors determining the outcome of inflammation to fibrosis versus resolution. Apoptosis and proliferation in thyrocytes versus myofbs were evaluated by dual-staining of cell-proliferating marker (Ki-67) or in situ cell death and cytokeratin or α-smooth muscle actin and were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Apoptotic and antiapoptotic molecules in G-EAT thyroids were detected by immunostaining. In WT thyroids, which develop fibrosis, only a few myofbs were apoptotic, and many myofbs were Ki-67+, Fas-associated death domain protein-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-like inhibitory protein (FLIP)+, and Bcl-XL+. In contrast, proliferation was predominant on thyrocytes of IFN-γ−/− mice or anti-TGF-β-treated WT mice. These results indicate that apoptosis of inflammatory cells and regeneration of thyrocytes in IFN-γ−/− mice and anti-TGF-β-treated WT mice may limit development of fibrosis, whereas excessive proliferation of myofbs and loss of thyrocytes in WT mice may contribute to fibrosis.
Acute Renal Failure and Intravenous Immune Globulin: Occurs with Sucrose-Stabilized, but Not with D-Sorbitol–Stabilized, Formulation
Authors: Chapman Scott A , Gilkerson Kristine L , Davin Thomas D , Pritzker Marc R 
Published: November 2004

OBJECTIVE To report 2 cases of acute renal failure (ARF) following administration of sucrose-stabilized intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), one of which did not recur following subsequent doses of d-sorbitol–stabilized formulation, and review the relevant literature. CASE SUMMARIES A 44-year-old white man awaiting heart transplantation developed ARF requiring hemodialysis following administration of sucrose-stabilized IVIG for high alloreactivity to population human leukocyte antigens. Following a return of renal function to baseline, subsequent doses of d-sorbitol–stabilized IVIG were administered without incident. A 90-year-old white man developed ARF after administration of sucrose-stabilized IVIG for monoclonal gammopathy. Renal function returned to baseline, and no subsequent IVIG doses were administered. An objective causality assessment revealed that sucrose-stabilized IVIG was the probable cause of the adverse drug event for both cases. DISCUSSION Several case reports of ARF secondary to IVIG have been published. Recent publications note that sucrose-stabilized IVIG products have a disproportionately high rate of ARF occurrence (∼88%) versus non–sucrose-stabilized formulations. Recent market data for IVIG products indicate that sucrose-stabilized products account for approximately 40% of the total IVIG market. When administered intravenously, sucrose is excreted unchanged in the urine. ARF has been reported in patients receiving large doses of intravenous sucrose. CONCLUSIONS ARF secondary to IVIG may be more likely to occur with sucrose-stabilized formulations. Before prescribing IVIG, clinicians should consider other nephrotoxic medications, preexisting renal function, age, diabetes mellitus, and rate of infusion. In patients at risk, it may be best to avoid sucrose-stabilized formulations.
Role of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Invasive Management of Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Moser Lynette R , Kalus James S 
Published: November 2004

OBJECTIVE To review the available literature addressing the role of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) as an alternative to unfractionated heparin (UFH) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for treatment of non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS). DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search (1966–March 2004) identified pertinent articles using the key words acute coronary syndromes, unstable angina, non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction, low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, dalteparin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and percutaneous coronary intervention. The references of these articles were reviewed for additional pertinent references. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All human trials of LMWH in PCI for treatment of NSTEACS were evaluated. All pertinent studies were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS Administration of LMWH with or without a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor during PCI appears to be similar to UFH in terms of efficacy. LMWH, especially in combination with a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, may increase risk of bleeding compared with UFH. CONCLUSIONS Available clinical trials do not provide definitive evidence to suggest superiority of LMWH over UFH when managing NSTEACS during PCI; however, dosing strategies are available if an LMWH is to be used in this setting. THIS ARTICLE IS APPROVED FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDIT ACPE UNIVERSAL PROGRAM NUMBER: 407-000-04-038-H01
Coupled diffusion and adsorption effects for multiple proteins in agarose gel
Authors: Gutenwik Jan , Nilsson Bernt , Axelsson Anders 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA mathematical model for the hindered diffusion and competitive adsorption of two proteins in an agarose gel has been developed. In a simulation program the model has been used to study the competing and displacement effects on a single bead for lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) bound to the ligand Cibacron Blue in agarose gel. The model takes into account hindered diffusion described by the Renkin model, competitive Langmuir adsorption kinetics, pore size distribution of the gel, and a shrinking effective pore radius attributed to molecule‐to‐ligand binding. The simulation model can easily explain displacement of BSA or lysozyme dependent on the binding capacity, kinetics, and diffusion. The influence of a bimodal pore size distribution is demonstrated. It also provides insight into the phenomenon of static vs. dynamic binding capacity observed in experimental determinations of the isotherm. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 3006–3018, 2004