bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytauxzoonosis in cats: Eight cases (1985–1992)
Authors: Hoover John P. , Walker Dana B. , Hedges Jean D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cytauxzoonosis is a rapidly and highly fatal disease in cats that is caused by the protozoan Cytauxzoon felis, which may be transmitted by Ixodid ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) from parasitemic bobcats (Lynx rufus). During an 8-year period, cytauxzoonosis was diagnosed in 8 cats, 7 cats within 14 months. Risk factors for these cats were warm weather, access to a wooded environment, and exposure to ticks. The most consistent clinical signs were acute lethargy, anorexia, decreased response to external stimuli (depression), icterus, dehydration, and capillary refill time > 2 seconds. Pertinent clinicopathologic findings were normocytic normochromic anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia; high serum concentrations of total bilirubin and glucose, low serum concentrations of albumin and potassium, high serum alanine transaminase activity; and, bilirubinuria. Confirmation of cytauxzoonosis was made by cytologic or histologic identification of the C felis organism. Splenic, lymph node, and bone marrow aspirates can provide an antemortem diagnosis when the number of parasitized erythrocytes is low on blood smears. Supportive treatment of 6 cats was temporarily palliative in some, but all 8 cats either died (3) or were euthanatized (5) when they became moribund. Survival time from observed onset of illness to death was < 5 days. Necropsy of 4 cats revealed predominately pulmonary involvement with venous congestion. Histologic examination revealed venous occlusion by parasitized mononuclear phagocytes in all tissue specimens, but only minimal inflammatory infiltrates.
Detection of a cell line contaminated with hog cholera virus
Authors: Bolin Steven R. , Black John W. , Frey Merwin L. , Katz Jonathan B. , Ridpath Julia F. , Roblin Richard O. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cell lines from the repository of the American Type Culture Collection were examined for possible contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus. During testing, hog cholera virus (HCV) was detected in the IB-RS-2 D10 porcine kidney cell line. This variant of HCV was avirulent for pigs and seldom induced detectable concentrations of antibody against reference viruses (HCV-Ames or bovine viral diarrhea virus-NY1) in serum of inoculated pigs. Additionally, this variant of HCV did not confer protection to pigs against virulent HCV. The contaminated cell line had been distributed to > 20 laboratories in the United States. The cell line was not used in field studies and has been destroyed.
Thymoma in dogs: 23 cases (1980–1991)
Authors: Atwater Stephen W. , Powers Barbara E. , Park Richard D. , Straw Rodney C. , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 23 dogs in which thymoma was diagnosed between Jan 1, 1980 and Dec 31, 1991 were reviewed. All thymomas were located in the cranial mediastinum. Eleven dogs had mega-esophagus, and myasthenia gravis was confirmed in 7 of these 11. One dog developed clinical signs of myasthenia gravis after removal of the thymoma. Concurrent, nonthymic neoplasms were found in 5 dogs, and 2 had hypercalcemia. Three dogs developed third-degree atrioventricular heart block, 1 of which had generalized myositis involving the cardiac muscle.
None of the dogs had evidence of distant metastasis. Histologically, the predominant tumor types were differentiated epithelial type (9/23) and lymphocyte-rich type (6/23). Clear cells (large cells with nonstaining cytoplasm) comprised ≥ 50% of the cell population in tumors from 5 dogs. Mast cells were detected histologically in 85% of the thymomas evaluated. Sixteen dogs were treated, and in 15 of these, surgery was the primary means of treatment. Six of the 9 dogs with megaesophagus that underwent surgery died or were euthanized within 1 week of diagnosis; whereas only 1 of the 4 dogs without megaesophagus that underwent surgery died within 1 week of diagnosis. Two dogs underwent surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy. One dog died of complications associated with chemotherapy. One dog was treated with chemotherapy alone and survived 14 months. Seven dogs did not undergo treatment; 4 of these were euthanatized immediately after the mass was first discovered.
By means of univariate analysis, age (≤ 8 years old vs > 8 years old), megaesophagus (present vs not present), and histologic type were found to be significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with survival time. Only megaesophagus was found to be significantly associated with survival time by multivariate analysis. Dogs with megaesophagus had a Kaplan-Meier median survival time of 4 days. Kaplan-Meier median survival time for dogs without megaesophagus could not be calculated, because most dogs died of causes unrelated to the thymoma and were censored. Kaplan-Meier 1-year survival rate was 83% for dogs without megaesophagus.
Arthroscopic removal of axial osteochondral fragments of the plantar/palmar proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx in horses: 119 cases (1988-1992)
Authors: Fortier Lisa A. , Foerner Joseph J. , Nixon Alan J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records from 119 horses that had undergone arthroscopic surgery for removal of axial osteochondral fragments of the palmar/plantar proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx were reviewed. Standardbred racehorses represented 109 (92%) of those affected. Ninety-three (78%) of the horses were < 3 years old. Gender distribution was consistent with that of the equine hospital population. Fragments most commonly were observed in the hind limbs (155/164; 95%), specifically, on the medial aspect of the left hind limb (72/164; 44%). Bilateral fragmentation occurred in 21 of 119 (18%) horses, and 15 of 119 (13%) horses had fragments in the medial and lateral aspect within the same joint. Fifteen (13%) horses had a concurrent osteochondritis dissecans lesion on the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia, and 30 of 119 (25%) had radiographic signs of osteoarthritis involving the centrodistal (distal intertarsal) and tarsometatarsal articulations.
In 55 of 87 (63%) racehorses and in 100% of the 9 nonracehorses, performance returned to preoperative levels after surgery. Fragment numbers or distribution, concurrent osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia, or tarsal osteoarthritis were not significantly associated with outcome. Abnormal surgical findings, consisting of articular cartilage fibrillation or synovial proliferation, were significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with adverse outcome; these findings were documented in 31% of the 32 horses without successful outcome and in only 2% of the 55 horses with successful outcomes.
Effects of desoxycorticosterone pivalate administration on blood pressure in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism
Authors: Kaplan Andrew J. , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A study was designed to evaluate the effects of desoxycorticosterone pivalate (docp) on blood pressure in 8 dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism, and to attempt to identify other factors that might suggest overdosage of the drug. In 4 dogs, primary hypoadrenocorticism had been diagnosed immediately before entry of the dog into the study, and the dogs had not received any mineralocorticoid supplementation. In the other 4 dogs, primary hypoadrenocorticism had been diagnosed 1 to 6 years previously, and dogs were being treated with docp at the time of entry into the study. In all 8 dogs, docp (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, im) was administered on days 0, 30, 60, and 90 of the study; each dog was examined on days 0, 30, 60, 75, 90, and 105. At the time of each visit, a medical history was obtained, a complete physical examination and serum biochemical analyses were performed, and body weight and blood pressure were measured. Dopplershift ultrasonic sphygmomanometry was used to indirectly record systemic systolic and diastolic pressures. None of the dogs developed hypernatremia or hypokalemia or any clinical signs suggestive of hypoadrenocorticism during the study. However, in 6 dogs (3 that had not been previously treated with mineralocorticoids and 3 that had been), there was a significant increase in body weight over the course of the study. Compared with baseline (day 0) arterial blood pressure, neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure was significantly increased during the study, and all systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were within reference ranges at all evaluation times. Results of this study indicate that docp fails to increase systolic or diastolic arterial blood pressure when administered at the recommended dosage to dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific immune responses in calves after inoculation with commercially available vaccines
Authors: Ellis John A. , Hassard Lori E. , Morley Paul S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A study was designed to determine if inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccines induce the same types of antibody and cellular responses as does a modified-live brsv vaccine. Ninety mixed-breed, 5- to 6-month-old beef calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups with 15 animals/group. Calves in 5 of the groups were inoculated on days 0 and 14 with 1 of 4 inactivated virus vaccines or with a modified-live virus vaccine. The remaining 15 calves were maintained as unvaccinated controls. Immune responses were measured on days 0 and 24, by means of elisa, virus neutralization assay, blocking elisa for the brsv fusion (F) protein, immunoblotting, and lymphocyte blastogenesis assay. All vaccines induced production of antibodies that recognized the F protein; however, the ratio of neutralizing antibody titer to change in brsv-specific IgG antibody concentration (as determined by use of elisa) was lower for calves that received an inactivated virus vaccine than for calves that received the modified-live virus vaccine. All of the vaccines induced lymphocyte proliferative responses to brsv. Results suggest that commercially employed inactivation processes can alter functionally important epitopes on brsv envelope glycoproteins, leading to production of predominantly nonneutralizing antibodies in immunized cattle.
Randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of carprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs
Authors: Vasseur Philip B. , Johnson Ann L. , Budsberg Steve C. , Lincoln James D. , Toombs James P. , Whitehair Jon G. , Lentz Ellen L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Seventy dogs were included in a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial to test the efficacy of carprofen (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) for relief of clinical signs associated with osteoarthritis. Thirty-six dogs received carprofen, and 34 received a placebo. Response of the dogs was evaluated by comparing results of force plate examination and a graded lameness examination performed before and immediately after 2 weeks of treatment, and by obtaining a subjective assessment of the dog's posttreatment condition from owners and participating veterinarians. A physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, and fecal occult blood test were performed before and after treatment to monitor safety. For force plate evaluation, the odds ratio was 3.3, meaning that a dog treated with carprofen was 3.3 times more likely to have a positive response than was a dog treated with the placebo. For evaluation by a veterinarian, the odds ratio was 3.5, and for owner evaluation, the odds ratio was 4.2. Institution where dogs were treated did not have a significant effect on results. A variety of reactions that may have been related to the medication (placebo or carprofen) were recorded; however, none were considered serious. Serum alanine aminotransferase activity was high in 3 dogs (2 that received placebo and 1 that received carprofen) at the conclusion of treatment; none of the 3 dogs were clinically ill. Ten dogs © that received placebo and 5 that received carprofen) had negative pretreatment and positive posttreatment fecal occult blood test results.
Economic comparison of the pyloro-omentopexy vs the roll-and-toggle procedure for treatment of left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cattle
Authors: Bartlett Paul C. , Kopcha Michelle , Coe Paul H. , Ames N. Kent , Ruegg Pamela L. , Erskine Ronald J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Seventy-two lactating dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum were blindly assigned to treatment by use of the roll-and-toggle procedure or right paralumbar fossa pyloro-omentopexy. All cows were from the same large dairy herd, and survival in the herd and daily milk production were measured for 120 days after treatment. The mean cost was $256.50 for roll-and-toggle cases ($50 for the procedure, $95.70 in milk loss and $110.80 in livestock losses). The mean cost was $406.40 for the pyloro-omentopexy cases ($150 for the procedure, $87.80 in milk loss, and $168.60 in livestock losses). A possible interaction with metritis was discovered, in that pyloro-omentopexy cases cost about $100 more than roll-and-toggle cases when metritis was absent (31 cases) or moderate (32 cases), and cost several times more when metritis was severe (9 cases). Results of the study were in agreement with those of other studies that indicated that the closed repositioning and stabilization techniques are generally less expensive and have comparable results with open repositioning and stabilization techniques. Veterinarians may wish to consider use of this nonsurgical technique for the routine correction of left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cattle.
Evaluation of results of preoperative urodynamic measurements in nine dogs with ectopic ureters
Authors: Lane India F. , Lappin Michael R. , Seim Howard B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cystometrographic studies and urethral pressure profiles were performed to objectively assess the functional status of the urinary bladder and urethra in 9 dogs with congenital ectopic ureters. Functional abnormalities of the urinary bladder or urethra were detected in 8 of 9 (89%) dogs. Cystometrographic evidence of reduced bladder capacity was detected in 4 (44%) dogs, and abnormalities in urethral pressure profiles were consistent with urethral incompetence in 6 (67%) dogs. Dogs with urethral pressure profile abnormalities were treated with phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and the urethral pressure profile was reevaluated. Urethral pressure measurements obtained before surgery (3 dogs) and after phenylpropanolamine (6 dogs) were used to predict the likelihood of continence after surgery. Predicted outcomes included continence maintained without medication (3 dogs), continence maintained with phenylpropanolamine (2 dogs), and persistent incontinence despite phenylpropanolamine administration (4 dogs). After surgical repair of ectopic ureters, 2 of 9 (22%) dogs were continent without medication, and 2 (22%) maintained continence with phenylpropanolamine treatment. Various degrees of incontinence persisted in 5 of 9 (56%) dogs, 4 of which had urethral incompetence that had been documented as poorly responsive to phenylpropanolamine administration prior to surgery. Predicted outcomes were consistent with actual outcomes in 8 of 9 (89%) dogs, with predictions of incontinence proving accurate in 4 of 4 (100%) dogs and predictions of continence proving accurate in 4 of 5 (80%) dogs. Urodynamic assessment of dogs with ectopic ureters appears to be valuable for identifying concurrent functional abnormalities of the urinary bladder and urethra and for predicting postoperative outcome.
Results of surgery and doxorubicin chemotherapy in dogs with osteosarcoma
Authors: Berg John , Weinstein M. Joy , Springfield Dempsey S. , Rand William M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirty-five dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were treated with 5 doses of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 of body surface, IV, every 2 weeks). Surgical excision of the primary tumor was performed 13 days after the second (n = 18) or third (n = 17) treatment, and the subsequent doxorubicin treatment was given the day following surgery. Resected tumors were evaluated histologically to determine response to preoperative chemotherapy (ie, percentage of the tumor that was necrotic). Survival data for the 35 dogs were compared with survival data for a historical control group, consisting of 162 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone.
Administration of doxorubicin at 2 week intervals was well tolerated. Three dogs were alive and did not have evidence of disease at the time of reporting. Of the remaining 32 dogs, 3 died or were euthanatized because of cardiomyopathy presumably caused by doxorubicin; 1 died suddenly 116 weeks after initiation of treatment; and the remaining 28 were euthanatized because of problems documented to be related to distant metastases. Thirteen dogs (40.6%) were euthanatized because of pulmonary metastases, 10 dogs (31.3%) were euthanatized because of bone metastases, and 5 dogs (15.6%) were euthanatized because of metastases in other sites. The proportion of dogs euthanatized because of bone metastases was significantly (P < 0.001) higher for the study group than for the control group.
Median survival time for the 35 dogs that received doxorubicin was estimated to be 52.3 weeks, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were estimated to be 50.5 and 9.7%, respectively. Survival time was significantly (P < 0.0001) longer for these dogs than for control dogs. Percentage of the resected primary tumor that was necrotic ranged from 0 to 87% (mean, 24.9%). There was a significant (r = 0.39; P < 0.05) direct correlation between survival time and percentage of the tumor that was necrotic.
Arthroscopic findings in the carpal joints of lame horses without radiographically visible abnormalities: 41 cases (1986-1991)
Authors: Moore Rustin M. , Schneider Robert K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Arthroscopy was performed in 1 carpal joint unilaterally in 27 horses and either in 2 carpal joints unilaterally or 1 carpal joint bilaterally in 7 horses. All horses were lame, but the cause of lameness could not be determined from radiographs. Twenty-seven carpi did not have radiographically visible abnormalities; the remaining 14 had only mild to moderate lucency or sclerosis of the radial facet of the third carpal bone. The primary abnormalities identified during arthroscopy included a crush fracture of the third carpal bone (7 carpi), an incomplete fracture of the third carpal bone in the frontal plane (13 carpi), an incomplete fracture of the third carpal bone in the sagittal plane (1 carpus), a crush fracture of the radial carpal bone (1 carpus), a chip fracture of the intermediate carpal bone (1 carpus), damage to the articular cartilage of the third carpal bone (12 carpi), tearing or fraying of the medial palmar intercarpal ligament (4 carpi), and synovitis (2 carpi).
All of the horses in this study were racehorses (29 Standardbreds and 5 Thoroughbreds), and race records were used to evaluate performance before and after surgery. Twenty-four of 34 horses raced preoperatively, and 25 of 34 raced postoperatively. Twenty-three of the 27 (85%) horses in which a single joint was examined raced postoperatively. Fifteen of these horses had an incomplete or crush fracture of the radial facet of the third carpal bone, and 13 raced postoperatively; 7 horses had full- or partial-thickness damage of cartilage of the third carpal bone, and all 7 raced postoperatively; 2 horses had partial or complete rupture of the medial palmar intercarpal ligament, and both raced postoperatively.
Fifteen horses with either a frontal plane incomplete fracture, crush fracture, or full-thickness damage of cartilage of the third carpal bone in 1 carpus were treated by removing bone and cartilage from the dorsoproximal margin of the third carpal bone; 13 of these horses raced postoperatively. Both horses with incomplete frontal plane fractures of the third carpal bone repaired with screws raced postoperatively.
Only 2 of 6 horses that underwent bilateral carpal arthroscopy raced postoperatively; 1 of these horses had bilateral partial tearing of the medial palmar intercarpal ligament; the other had bilateral frontal plane incomplete fractures of the radial facet of the third carpal bone. The remaining horse, in which both the radiocarpal and middle carpal joints were examined, did not race postoperatively
Our results suggest that horses with lameness, the cause of which has been localized to the carpus, in which radiographs are not diagnostic are likely to have an underlying abnormality that can be effectively diagnosed and treated via arthroscopy. Arthroscopy allows the examiner to thoroughly explore the joint, make an accurate diagnosis, and make the best decision regarding treatment.
Risk factors for fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy calves
Authors: Garber L. P. , Wells S. J. , Hancock D. D. , Doyle M. P. , Tuttle J. , Shere J. A. , Zhao T. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors for fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (
eco) in dairy calves. Three herds previously found to lack calves that shed
eco in their feces were selected for each herd previously found to have calves that shed
eco. Fecal samples from 965 calves on 64 farms were tested for
eco by microbial culture. Sample prevalence of
eco in calves less than 8 weeks old was 1.4% and in calves 8 weeks or older was 4.8%. Calves were 3 times more likely to shed
eco after weaning than before weaning. Shedding of
eco was associated with grouping calves before weaning; feeding whole cottonseed was negatively associated with
eco shedding. The change in results between testing periods illustrated that an individual herd's status cannot be defined by a single testing of a small sample of cattle.
Inability of two topical treatments to influence the course of experimentally induced dermatophytosis in cats
Authors: DeBoer Douglas J. , Moriello Karen A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An experimental model of dermatophytosis was used to compare the efficacy of 2 topical antifungal treatments against Microsporum canis infection in cats. Infection was established in 24 cats by topical application of 105 M canis macroconidia to the skin of the lateral part of the abdomen under an occlusive bandage. Three groups of 6 cats each then were treated twice weekly for 18 weeks with chlorhexidine shampoo and dip, detergent shampoo vehicle only, or glyceryl monolaurate shampoo. Six cats were left untreated as controls.
The experimentally induced infections strongly resembled naturally developing infections of moderate to severe nature. Signs of infection peaked in severity at 5 weeks after inoculation, then gradually resolved over 7 to 16 additional weeks. Dermatophytes were consistently isolated on culture for at least 8 weeks of treatment. Mycologic cure (defined as lack of dermatophyte isolation on 3 successive weekly cultures) was attained in 8 cats at the end of 18 weeks of treatment. Infections appeared to resolve at equivalent rates in all groups of cats, including controls. Consistent or meaningful significant differences in variables such as lesion size, clinical sign score, or total infection score were not found between treated and control groups. Our study revealed that this topical treatment regimen with chlorhexidine or glyceryl monolaurate is ineffective against M canis infection in cats.