bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JOPI: a Java object‐passing interface
Authors: Al‐Jaroodi Jameela , Mohamed Nader , Jiang Hong , Swanson David 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecently there has been an increasing interest in developing parallel programming capabilities in Java to harness the vast resources available in clusters, grids and heterogeneous networked systems. In this paper, we introduce a Java object‐passing interface (JOPI) library. JOPI provides Java programmers with the necessary functionality to write object‐passing parallel programs in distributed heterogeneous systems. JOPI provides a Message Passing Interface (MPI)‐like interface that can be used to exchange objects among processes. In addition to the well‐known benefits of the object‐oriented development model, using objects to exchange information in JOPI is advantageous because it facilitates passing complex structures and enables the programmer to isolate the problem space from the parallelization problem. The run‐time environment for JOPI is portable, efficient and provides the necessary functionality to deploy and execute parallel Java programs. Experiments were conducted on a cluster system and a collection of heterogeneous platforms to measure JOPI's performance and compare it with MPI. The results show good performance gains using JOPI. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton‐Driven Conformational Switch of a Cyclohexyl Skeleton Coupled with NH···O Hydrogen‐Bond Formation
Authors: Onoda Akira , Haruna Hiroshi , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Takahashi Kazuyuki , Kozuki Hidekazu , Okamura Taka‐aki , Ueyama Norikazu 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe report an unprecedented, proton‐drivenring transfor‐mation from a chair to a twist‐boat conformation in the doublyamide‐derived Kemp’s acid compounds r‐1,c‐3,c‐5‐(CH3)3‐3,5‐(Ph2CHNHCO)2C6H6‐1‐COOH (1) and (NMe4){r‐1,c‐3,c‐5‐(CH3)3‐3,5‐(Ph2CHNHCO)2C6H6‐1‐COO–} (2) with a protonated and deprotonated carboxyl group, respectively. Each conformation was determined by X‐ray analyses and 1H NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Catalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Reaction: Novel Protocols for Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Xu Li‐Wen , Xia Chun‐Gu 
Published: February 2005

Abstractβ‐Amino carbonyl functionalities are ubiquitous motifs in natural and nonnatural products such as alkaloids and poly‐ketides. Among the reactions for the synthesis of β‐amino car‐bonyl compounds and β‐substituted β‐amino acids, aza‐Michael reactions using catalytic amounts of chiral Lewisacids might provide the best methods for the generation of optically active β‐amino carbonyl compounds. During the last five years, the asymmetric aza‐Michael reaction has emerged as a very powerful tool for the synthesis of chiral β‐amino carbonyl compounds, as will be discussed in this microreview. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cover Picture: Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Optically Active (1‐Diethoxyphosphoryl)vinyl p‐Tolyl Sulfoxide with Sulfur Ylides: A Rationale for Diastereoselectivity (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 4/2005)
Authors: Midura Wanda H. , Krysiak Jerzy A. , Cypryk Marek , Mikołajczyk Marian , Wieczorek Michał W. , Filipczak Agnieszka D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the preferred steric course of the reaction of sulfur ylides with enantiopure α‐phosphorylvinyl sulfoxides. The background is crystalline sulfur, rich deposits of which are in south‐eastern Poland. Sulfur and its alchemical emblem symbolize the importance of the stereogenic sulfur atom in this asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction. Details are discussed in the article by M. Miko?ajczyk et al. on p. 653 ff.
Soluble branched (1,4)‐β‐D‐glucans from Acetobacter species enhance antitumor activities against MHC class I‐negative and ‐positive malignant melanoma through augmented NK activity and cytotoxic T‐cell response
Authors: Kamiryo Yoriyuki , Yajima Toshiki , Saito Kimika , Nishimura Hitoshi , Fushimi Takashi , Ohshima Yoshifumi , Tsukamoto Yoshinori , Naito Seiji , Yoshikai Yasunobu 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe previously found that an extracellular polysaccharide, AC‐1, produced by Acetobacter polysaccharogenes composed of (1,4)‐β‐D‐glucan with branches of glucosyl residues showed a strong activity to induce production of interleukin (IL)‐12 p40 and tumor necrosis factor‐α by macrophage cell lines in vitro via Toll‐like receptor‐4 signaling. In the present study, we examined the effects of oral administration of AC‐1 on protection against 2 types of murine B16 melanoma lines, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I‐negative B16L and MHC class I gene‐transfected B16Kb cells. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with B16L or B16Kb cells on day 0 and administrated intragastrically with AC‐1 or PBS once every 5 days from 1 day before tumor inoculation. The tumor growth was severely retarded in AC‐1‐treated mice after subcutaneous inoculation with B16L or B16Kb cells. The AC‐1‐treated mice showed augmented natural killer (NK) cell activity against B16L cells, and in vivo depletion of NK cells by antiasialoGM1 antibody (Ab) treatment abrogated the antitumor activity in AC‐1‐treated mice. On the other hand, AC‐1‐treated mice inoculated with B16Kb cells developed a significantly higher level of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte response against B16Kb cells, and in vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells by anti‐CD8 mAb treatment abrogated the antitumor activity. Thus, AC‐1 augmented antitumor activity against different tumors via augmentation of different antitumor mechanisms. These results suggest a possible prophylactic application of AC‐1 for human neoplasms irrespective of expression levels of their MHC class I molecules. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BRAF mutation associated with dysregulation of apoptosis in human colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Ikehara Nobunao , Semba Shuho , Sakashita Masanori , Aoyama Nobuo , Kasuga Masato , Yokozaki Hiroshi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo understand the role of BRAF dysfunction in the carcinogenesis and progression/development of colorectal tumors, the authors investigated genetic alterations in the BRAF gene in human colorectal neoplasms as well as the effects of an RAS inhibitor in BRAF‐mutant cells. Seven colon cancer cell lines and 116 colorectal tumors (34 adenomas and 82 adenocarcinomas) were analyzed. Genetic alterations in the BRAF and K‐ras genes were examined using polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing analyses. The growth‐inhibitory and apoptosis‐inducing effects of the FTI‐277 RAS inhibitor in colon cancer cell lines were analyzed as well. An immunohistochemical study was also performed to investigate the correlations between the clinicopathologic parameters involved in the Ki‐67 labeling index and the number of apoptotic bodies in tumor cells. FTI‐277 did not suppress the proliferation of BRAF‐mutant cells (WiDr and TCO), but remarkably inhibited the growth of K‐ras mutant cells (LoVo). Interestingly, LoVo cells underwent apoptosis by FTI‐277 in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas WiDr cells were resistant to this agent. In tumor samples, BRAF mutations were found in 1 (3.0%) of 33 adenomas and 6 (7.2%) of 83 adenocarcinomas. No tumor exhibited mutations in both the BRAF and K‐ras genes. Neither BRAF nor K‐ras mutations correlated with the Ki‐67 labeling index immunohistochemically. However, the number of apoptotic bodies was significantly decreased in the BRAF‐mutant tumors. Mutation in the BRAF gene may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis by upregulating the antiapoptotic role of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Alcian blue and ruthenium red effects on preservation of outer envelope ultrastructure in methanotrophic bacteria
Authors: Fassel Theresa A. , Schaller Marilyn J. , Remsen Charles C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAlcian blue (AB) and ruthenium red (RR) effects on ultrastructural preservation of the bacterial cell envelope of methanotrophs are compared. A previous successful method with RR that enhanced preservation of outer envelope layers in two representative methanotroph species is applied to other genera and species of methanotropic bacteria. Alcian blue is substituted for RR in this en bloc protocol. The effect of AB on preservation of these layers is assessed at the ultrastructural level and compared to RR for all species examined. Further, comparison with freeze etch and a fixation in the absence of either RR or AB is made. Both RR and AB are found to aid preservation and help visualize additional components of the cell envelope which are lost or minimized in a standard fixation not employing these cationic reagents. For some species, images obtained are similar between RR and AB procedures and agree with images seen by freeze etch. For other species, AB preserves extended filamentous material that is partially condensed even with the use of RR. Thus, use of AB improves the preservation of outer envelope structure in these organisms equally or more effectively than use of RR.
Characterization of Sertoli cell perinuclear filaments
Authors: Suarez‐Quian Carlos A. , Dym Martin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSertoli cell nuclei are characterized by deep invaginations and, in addition, the orientation of the nuclei with respect to the wall of the seminiferous tubules varies during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. These events may be the result of cytoplasmic filaments acting at the level of the nuclear capsule and may represent significant changes in Sertoli cell activity. Thus, a study was performed to characterize the nature of the perinuclear filaments of Sertoli cells in vivo and in vitro.In Sertoli cells in vivo, microtubules and microfilaments were often detected in the perinuclear cytoplasm, and these cytoskeletal components were observed to course either parallel to, or abut at, the nuclear capsule. In Sertoli cells in vitro, the nuclear infoldings are retained and the perinuclear cytoskeleton was shown to contain microtubules, f‐actin, and intermediate filaments. A fixation‐permeabilization protocol employing tannic acid–saponin was used and it significantly enhanced the preservation of cytoskeletal components. The presence of f‐actin was demonstrated by using the S1 fragment of muscle myosin to decorate the microfilaments. Treatment of the cultured cells with either microtubule or f‐actin depolymerizing agents had no effect on nuclear shape. Thus, at present, the function of the prominent perinuclear cytoskeletal components remains unknown.
Preparation of individual electrically and video‐recorded eggs for integrated temporal and electron microscopic analyses
Authors: Longo Frank J. , McCulloh David H. , Ivonnet Pedro I. , Chambers Edward L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA method for correlative studies of early fertilization events that integrates techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video‐imaging, and electron microscopy is described. A key feature of the method is its ability to identify the fertilizing sperm and to record the moment of egg excitation. Since the site of gamete interaction is recognizable throughout all stages of preparation, difficulties associated with locating the site of fertilization and determining specimen orientation for microtomy and electron microscopic examination are eliminated. Virtually all samples yield useful information. An example of interacting gametes fixed 4 sec after initiation of the fertilization potential and serial sectioned is described. The method is applicable to systems other than fertilizing eggs when functional, temporal, and spatial relationships of individual cells need to be correlated with changes in ultrastructure.
Application of ultrahigh vacuum reflection electron microscopy for the study of clean silicon surfaces in sublimation, epitaxy, and phase transitions
Authors: Latyshev A. V. , Krasilnikov A. B. , Aseev A. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe construction and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum reflection electron microscope (UHV REM) on the base of a transmission electron microscope with top entry stage are described. Some results of in situ study of structural transformations on clean silicon surfaces during sublimation, surface phase transitions, and initial stages of epitaxial growth are shown.
Reflection electron microscopy and interferometry of atomic steps on gold and platinum single crystal surfaces
Authors: Banzhof H. , Herrmann K. H. , Lichte H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTwo beam interferences produced using an electrostatic biprism, which is inserted in the position of the selected area diaphragm of a commercial electron microscope, may be used in reflection electron microscopy to determine the phase shifts induced by structures on single crystal surfaces. A description of our interferometrical and holographical experiments on the phase shift at steps on (111)Au and (111)Pt single crystal surfaces is given and a straight forward interpretation of the results in terms of refraction will be discussed. As a particular result phase shifts of π and 0.9π were measured for monatomic steps on (111)gold and (111)platinum surfaces, respectively.
Localization of adenovirus DNA by in situ hybridization electron microscopy
Authors: Jiao Renjie , Yu Wendou , Ding Mingxiao , Zhai Zhonghe 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBiotinylated deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) (Bio‐7‐dATP) and 3H deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) labeled adenovirus DNA were hybridized in situ to thin sections of Lowicryl K4M‐embedded and whole‐mount extracted HeLa cells infected with adenovirus. The biotinylated probe was detected by exposing the extracted cells or sections to antibodies against biotin followed by colloidal gold‐conjugated secondary antibodies and then critical‐point dried while 3H‐dTTP labeled probe by electron microscopic autoradiography. On Lowicryl K4M sections, gold particles and silver grains were mainly restricted in the nucleus. Furthermore, whole‐mount results suggested that replicating adenovirus DNA is localized on the nuclear matrix of its host cell. In this paper, the described non‐radioactive procedures for hybrid detection offered several advantages: (a) rapid signal detection; (ob) superior morphological preservation and spatial resolution; (c) precise localization; and (d) on Lowicryl K4M sections, signal to noise equivalent to radiolabeling.
The ultrstructure of neuronal‐pinealocytic interconnections in the monkey pineal
Authors: Ichimura Takao 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecent ultrastructural studies of neuronal‐pinealocytic interconnections in the monkey pineal are reviewed. The pinealocytes in the adult monkey show almost all of the cytological specializations known in subprimate mammals. Adjacent pinealocytes are functionally coupled through ribbon synapses on cell bodies and gap junctions on cell bodies and cell processes. The pinealocytes receive direct synaptic contacts of nerve fibers with cholinergic terminal morphology. Nerve cells restricted to the central portion of the pineal receive synaptic contacts with more than three different morphologically defined types of nerve terminals. In addition to nerve terminals containing small clear vesicles or vesicles of pleomorphic morphology, a pinealocyte's terminal process containing the synaptic ribbon forms a true synaptic contact on the nerve cell body. The diversity of synapses on these nerve cells strongly suggests multiple origins of these neurons rather than a single peripheral parasympathetic origin. The possible involvement of pineal neurons in an intrinsic circuit that regulates the function of pinealocytes and integrates the neural input from the central as well as the peripheral nervous systems is discussed.
Immunocytochemistry and calcium cytochemistry of the mammalian pineal organ: A comparison with retina and submammalian pineal organs
Authors: Vigh‐Teichmann I. , Vigh B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMorphologically the mammalian pineal organ is a part of the diencephalon. It represents a neural tissue histologically (“pineal nervous tissue”) and is dissimilar to endocrine glands. Submammalian pinealocytes resemble the photoreceptor cells of the retina, and some of their cytologic characteristics are preserved in the mammalian pinealocytes together with compounds demonstrable by cyto‐ and immunocyto‐chemistry and participating in photochemical transduction. In our opinion, the main trend of today's literature on pineal functions—only considering the organ as a common endocrine gland—deviates from this structural and histochemical basis.In mammals, similar to the lower vertebrates, the pinealocytes have a sensory cilium developed to a different extent. The axonic processes of pinealocytes form ribbon‐containing synapses on secondary pineal neurons, and/or neurohormonal terminals on the basal lamina of the surface of the pineal nervous tissue facing the perivascular spaces. Ribbon‐containing axo‐dendritic synapses were found in the rat, cat, guinea pig, ferret, and hedgehog. In the cat, we found GABA‐immunoreactive interneurons, while the secondary nerve cells, whose axons enter the habenular commissure, were GABA‐immunonegative. GABA‐immunogoldylabeled axons run between pinealocytes and form axo‐dendritic synapses on intrapineal neurons.There is a similarity between the light and electron microscopic localization of Ca ions in the mammalian and submammalian pineal organs and retina of various vertebrates. Calcium pyroantimonate deposits—showing the presence of Ca ions—were found in the outer segments of the pineal and retinal photoreceptors of the frog. In the rat and human pineal organ, calcium accumulated on the plasmalemma of pinealocytes and intercellularly among pinealocytes. The formation of pineal concrements in mammals may be connected to the high need for Ca exchange of the pinealocytes for their supposed receptor and effector functions. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological stereology: History, present state, future directions
Authors: Bolender Robert P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe development of a quantitative structural platform for experimental biology—extending across a hierarchy of sizes ranging from molecules to organisms—has been punctuated by a series of major achievements over the last 30 years. Stereology, a form of quantitative morphology, has contributed handsomely to this success. A personal view is presented highlighting key events in the development of biological stereology. We also examine stereology with a view toward future developments in biology and speculate how stereology might contribute to the new biological infrastructure currently being built with computers. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of lens chromatic aberration on electron energy‐loss spectroscopy quantitative measurements
Authors: Yang Ying‐Ying , Egerton Raymond F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn investigation has been made into the effect of chromatic aberrations of a pre‐spectrometer lens system on quantitative elemental analysis by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). In transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diffraction mode, the measured effects are typically 150–330 times larger than if only objectiv‐lens chromatic aberration were important. We discuss several methods of avoiding errors arising from chromatic aberration, including selection of a suitable optical mode (dependent on the desired spatial resolution), adjustment of the TEM imaging system so as to focus the system for a chosen energy loss, and analysis of a large area of a uniform specimen. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the cytoskeleton during early development
Authors: Bement William M. , Ian Gallicano G. , Capco David G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOocytes, eggs, and embryos from a diverse array of species have evolved cytoskeletal specializations which allow them to meet the needs of early embryogenesis. While each species studied possesses one or more specializations which are unique, several cytoskeletal features are widely conserved across different animal phyla. These features include highly‐developed cortical cytoskeletal domains associated with developmental information, microtubule‐mediated pronuclear transport, and rapid intracellular signal‐regulated control of cytoskeletal organization. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The aesthetasc concept: Structural variations of putative olfactory receptor cell complexes in crustacea
Authors: Hallberg Eric , Johansson Kjell U. I. , Elofsson Rolf 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe structure of the aesthetascs has been investigated in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (larvae and juveniles), the opossum shrimp Neomysis integer, the euphausid Meganyctiphanes, and in the water‐fleas Daphnia magna and D. longispina. The aesthetascs, that are thought to represent olfactory receptors, exhibit a considerable structural variation, ranging from the well known aesthetascs of higher crustaceans (lobster, crab, crayfish) to the corresponding sensilla found in the water‐fleas and the males of opossum shrimps. The two following morphological characteristics of the aesthetascs are thought to indicate an olfactory function: the shape of the cuticular hair that is long and essentially hose‐shaped, and the thin, loosely arranged cuticle of at least the outer part of the cuticular hair. The presence of other structural elements such as sensory cells, cilia, and enveloping cells are vital for the olfactory function, but the development is variable, which makes their use in the morphological definition of aesthetascs problematic. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine structure of a developing insect olfactory organ: Morphogenesis of the silkmoth antenna
Authors: Keil Thomas A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe olfactory organ of the silkmoth Antheraea polyhemus is the feathered antenna which carries about 70,000 olfactory sensilla in the male. It develops within 3 weeks from a leaf‐shaped epidermal sac by means of segmental primary and secondary indentations which proceed from the periphery towards the centerline. During the first day post‐apolysis, the antennal epidermis differentiates into segmentally arranged, alternating sensillogenic and non‐sensillogenic regions. Within the first 2 days post‐apolysis, the anlagen of olfactory sensilla arise from electron‐dense mother cells in the sensillogenic epidermis. The axons of the developing sensilla begin to form the primary innervation pattern during the second day. The sensilla develop approximately within the first 10 days to their final shape, while the indentations are completed during the same period of time. The indentations are most probably driven by long basal extensions of epidermal cells, the epidermal feet. Primary indentations follow the course of segmentally arranged tracheal bundles and form the segments of the antenna. The secondary indentations follow the course of the primary segmental nerves which are reconstructed by this process. During the remaining time of development, the cuticle of the antenna and the sensory hairs is secreted by the epidermal and the hair‐forming cells. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.