bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of urine cortisol:creatinine ratio versus adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing for monitoring mitotane treatment of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
Authors: Angles John M. , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Feldman Marsha S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate use of urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio (UC:C) as a means of monitoring response to long-term mitotane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.

Design
Prospective uncontrolled study.

Animals
101 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.

Procedure
Urine samples were obtained from dogs on the morning an ACTH stimulation test was performed, and owners were asked their opinion on the health of their dog to monitor response to mitotane treatment. Urine was assayed for cortisol and creatinine concentrations, and UC:C was calculated. The UC:C was compared with post-ACTH plasma cortisol concentration.

Results
Post-ACTH plasma cortisol concentration was used to categorize each dog's response to mitotane treatment. The UC:C did not correlate satisfactorily with results of ACTH stimulation testing. Twenty-seven of 85 (32%) dogs would have been incorrectly considered as having received appropriate doses using UC:C. In addition, 16 dogs that received overdoses could not be distinguished from 29 dogs that received appropriate doses.

Clinical Implications
UC:C does not provide a consistent, correct assessment of mitotane-induced adrenocortical destruction. The ACTH stimulation test, although more time-consuming and expensive, is recommended for monitoring response to mitotane treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1002–1004)
Evaluation of serum ɣ-glutamyltransferase activity as a predictor of passive transfer status in crias
Authors: Johnston Nancy A. , Parish Steven M. , Tyler Jeff W. , Tillman Cheryl Blake 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the relationship between serum ɣ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and serum IgG concentration in neonatal crias.

Design
Prospective observational study.

Animals
21 llama and 4 alpaca crias from 0 to 5 days old.

Procedure
Serum GGT activity was measured, using a commercially available kit. Serum IgG concentration was determined by use of radial immunodiffusion. With a serum IgG concentration of 1,000 mg/dl (considered adequate passive transfer), specificity and sensitivity of serum GGT activity in the detection of failure of passive transfer were determined. Regression models were developed to determine the relationship between serum GGT activity and serum IgG concentration.

Results
Sensitivity ranged from 0.56 to 0.89, and specificity ranged from 0.88 to 0.31, depending on the value of serum GGT activity chosen as a threshold. Proportion of crias correctly classified ranged from 0.76 to 0.52. Regression models failed to demonstrate a significant relationship between serum GGT activity and serum IgG concentration.

Clinical Implications
Passive transfer status in crias cannot be accurately predicted on the basis of serum GGT activity. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1165–1166)
Measurement of serum total thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations for diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Melián Carlos , Nichols Rhett 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether measurement of baseline serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free T4, and thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) would aid in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs.

Design
Prospective case series.

Animals
54 dogs with hypothyroidism, 54 euthyroid dogs with nonthyroidal disease initially suspected to have hypothyroidism, and 150 clinically normal dogs.

Procedure
In the 54 dogs with hypothyroidism, diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical signs, results of routine laboratory and TSH stimulation tests, exclusion of concurrent nonthyroidal disease, and a good clinical response to treatment with l-thyroxine. Blood samples were collected from all dogs and were tested for thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations. Reference ranges for hormone concentrations were established on the basis of results for the 150 clinically normal dogs.

Results
Of the 54 hypothyroid dogs, 48 (89%) had low total T4 concentrations, 3 had low-normal concentrations, and 3 had high concentrations because of T4 autoantibodies. In contrast, only 10 (18%) euthyroid dogs had low total T4 concentrations. Only 3 of 31 (10%) hypothyroid dogs had low T3 concentrations; 23 had concentrations within the reference range, and 5 had high concentrations because of T3 autoantibodies. Only 3 of 38 euthyroid dogs had low T3 concentrations. Of the hypothyroid dogs, 53 (98%) had low free T4 concentrations and 1 had a low-normal concentration. Only 4 (7%) euthyroid dogs had low free T4 concentrations. Of the hypothyroid dogs, 41 (76%) had high TSH concentrations, and 13 had TSH concentrations within the reference range. Of the euthyroid dogs, only 4 (8%) had high TSH concentrations. Of all single hormone measurements evaluated, measurement of free T4 concentration had the highest sensitivity (0.98), specificity (0.93), and accuracy (0.95) as a test for hypothyroidism; measurement of total T4 concentration had a lower sensitivity (0.89), specificity (0.82), and accuracy (0.85). Compared with measurement of total or free T4 concentration, measurement of TSH concentration had a lower sensitivity (0.76) and accuracy (0.84) but specificity (0.93) equal to that for measurement of free T4 concentration. When T4 (total or free) and TSH concentrations were evaluated together, specificity was higher than when T4 or TSH concentration was evaluated alone. Only 1 euthyroid dog had low T4 (total and free) and high TSH concentrations.

Clinical Implications
Results indicate that measurement of serum free T4 and TSH concentrations is useful for diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs. About a quarter of the dogs with confirmed hypothyroidism, however, will have serum TSH concentrations within reference limits. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1396–1402)
Evaluation of the impact of a natural gas leak from a pipeline on productivity of beef cattle
Authors: Waldner C. L. , Ribble C. S. , Janzen E. D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the association between a leak of sour natural gas (more than 30% hydrogen sulfide) from a pipeline in a river valley and the health of beef cattle in the intensively ranched surrounding area.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Sample Population
13 herds of cattle within 4 km (2.5 miles) of the leak and 10 herds outside the 4-km zone.

Procedure
Distance of herds from the leak site was determined, using geographic information system technology. Information about speed and direction of winds was obtained from a local meteorologic station and an ambient air-quality monitoring trailer. Health and productivity data for surrounding beef herds, as well as exposure information, were collected and analyzed.

Results
An association was not found between total herd calf mortality and herd distance from the leak, wind-aided exposure, location in the river valley, signs of irritation consistent with exposure to the gas, or reports of odors of gas at the time of the leak. Management changes reported in response to the gas leak were identified as risk factors for total herd calf mortality. Other herd-level risk factors associated with increased calf mortality ratio included a median calving date in February and percentage of twin births for a herd.

Clinical Implications
In this example, we did not detect an association between productivity of cattle and exposure to sour natural gas. Several methods can be used for ranking potential exposure after discovery of a leak. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:41–48)
Effect of dietary insoluble fiber on control of glycemia in dogs with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nelson Richard W. , Duesberg Cindy A. , Ford Sara L. , Feldman Edward C. , Davenport Deborah J. , Kiernan Christine , Neal Larry 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a high insolublefiber (HF) diet containing 12% cellulose in dry matter and a low insoluble-fiber (LF) diet on control of glycemia in dogs with naturally acquired insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
DesignProspective randomized crossover controlled trial.
Animals11 dogs with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus.
ProcedureDogs were fed HF and LF diets for 8 months each in 1 of 2 randomly assigned diet sequences. Caloric intake and insulin treatment were adjusted as needed to maintain stable body weight and control of glycemia, respectively. After a 2-month adaptation period, control of glycemia was evaluated every 6 weeks for 6 months. Variables assessed included serum glucose concentration measured during the preprandial state, blood glycosylated hemoglobin concentration, serum glucose concentration measured every 2 hours for 24 hours beginning at the time of the morning insulin injection, 24-hour mean serum glucose concentration, mean serum glucose concentration fluctuation from the 24-hour mean serum glucose concentration, and 24-hour urinary excretion of glucose.
ResultsSignificant differences in mean daily caloric intake, body weight, or daily insulin dosage among dogs fed HF and LF diets were not found. Mean preprandial serum glucose concentration, most postprandial serum glucose concentrations, 24-hour mean serum glucose concentration, and 24-hour urinary excretion of glucose were significantly lower in dogs fed the HF diet, compared with the LF diet.
Clinical ImplicationsResults of this study support feeding of commercially available insoluble fiber diets to dogs with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:380-386)
Prevalence and risk factors for odontoclastic resorptive lesions in cats
Authors: Lund Elizabeth M. , Bohacek Linda K. , Dahlke Julie L. , King Vickie L. , Kramek Betty A. , Logan Ellen I. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine prevalence of, and risk factors for, odontociastic resorptive lesions in cats seen in a private veterinary practice population.

Design
Population-based cross-sectional study.

Animals
145 cats more than 1 year of age that underwent anesthesia for various procedures.
Procedure
Cats were evaluated under anesthesia for odontociastic resorptive lesions. Lesions were graded, using a published classification system. Clients completed a standardized survey on signalment, indoor-outdoor status, medications, diet during the past year, number of daily feedings, treat feeding, source of water, and oral hygiene practices.

Results
48% of cats had resorptive lesions. Lesions were most commonly mandibular, and premolars were more often affected. Compared with cats without oral lesions, cats with oral lesions were more likely to be older, female, taking medications, drinking city (vs well) water, and playing less often with toys. In addition, cats without oral lesions were more likely to have owners who cleaned their teeth daily or twice a week and to be fed diets with higher magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium contents. Frequency of teeth cleaning was inversely related to the development of odontociastic resorptive lesions. Variables significantly associated with oral lesions were age and magnesium content of diet.
Clinical Implications
Older cats should be examined closely for odontociastic resorptive lesions. Clients should be advised on methods and frequency of teeth cleaning in cats to prevent lesions. Dietary nutrients may play a role in the development of odontociastic resorptive lesions in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:392-395)
Possible ventricular late potentials in Doberman Pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy
Authors: Calvert Clay A. , Jacobs Gilbert J. , Kraus Marc 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether ventricular late potentials, detected by means of signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG), were associated with sudden death in Doberman Pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy.

Design
Case series.

Animals
39 Doberman Pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy.

Procedure
Cardiomyopathy was diagnosed by means of serial echocardiography and ambulatory electrocardiography; SAECG was performed 1 or more times for each dog.

Results
12 dogs died suddenly; the other 27 died after developing overt clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Results of SAECG were associated with outcome, and dogs in which ventricular late potentials were detected were more likely to die suddenly. However, 5 dogs for which results of SAECG were normal (n = 2) or equivocal (3) also died suddenly.

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that SAECG may be useful in predicting whether Doberman Pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy, confirmed on the basis of results of echocardiography, are at risk of dying suddenly. However, the possibility of sudden death cannot be ruled out simply because results of SAECG are normal. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:235-239)
Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in dogs with fatal acute pancreatitis: 70 cases (1986-1995)
Authors: Hess Rebecka S. , Saunders H. Mark , Van Winkle Thomas J. , Shofer Frances S. , Washabau Robert J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and coagulation abnormalities in dogs in which acute pancreatitis was fatal.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
70 dogs.

Procedure
History, clinical signs, and physical examination findings at the time of initial evaluation at the veterinary teaching hospital; results of pretreatment laboratory tests, abdominal radiography, and ultrasonography; and histologic abnormalities were obtained from medical records.

Results
Clinical signs included anorexia, vomiting, weakness, diarrhea, polyuria and polydipsia, neurologic abnormalities, melena, weight loss, hematemesis, and passage of frank blood in feces. At the time of initial examination at the veterinary teaching hospital, 68 (97%) dogs were dehydrated, 18 (26%) were icteric, 22 (32%) were febrile, 40 (58%) had signs of abdominal pain, and 30 (43%) were classified as overweight or obese. Most dogs had leukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift, and thrombocytopenia. Various serum biochemical abnormalities were identified, including hypoglycemia, azotemia, hypercalcemia and other electrolyte abnormalities, hypoalbuminemia, high hepatic and pancreatic enzyme activities, hypercholesterolemia, and lipemia. For 17 of 28 (61 %) dogs, results of coagulation function tests were abnormal. Results of abdominal ultrasonography and radiography were consistent with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in 23 of 34 (68%) and 10 of 41 (24%) dogs, respectively. For 2 dogs, results of abdominal ultrasonography were not suggestive of acute pancreatitis, but results of abdominal radiography were.

Clinical Implications
Clinical signs and results of clinicopathologic tests are inconsistent. Abdominal ultrasonography may be valuable in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs suspected to have acute pancreatitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:665-670)
Anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine in cheetahs
Authors: Deem Sharon L. , Ko Jeff C. H. , Citino Scott B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of an intramuscular injection of a tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine combination in cheetahs.

Design—
Prospective study.

Animals—
17 adult captive cheetahs.

Procedure—
The anesthetic combination was administered intramuscularly via a dart. Induction quality, duration of lateral recumbency, duration of recovery, and quality of anesthetic reversal with atipamezole were assessed. Cardiorespiratory variables (arterial blood gas partial pressures, arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, end-tidal CO2, oxygen saturation, and rectal temperature) were measured during anesthesia.

Results—
Sedation and lateral recumbency developed within 1.9 ± 1.0 (mean ± SD) and 4.3 ± 2.0 minutes of drug administration, respectively. Clinically acceptable cardiorespiratory and blood gas values were recorded for at least 87 minutes after drug administration in all but 1 cheetah. Hypoxemia and arrhythmias developed in 1 cheetah breathing room air but resolved after treatment with oxygen. Hypertension developed in all cheetahs. Significant differences in heart and respiratory rates, mean arterial blood pressure, arterial pH, partial pressure of oxygen, and hemoglobin saturation were found between cheetahs that did and did not receive oxygen supplementation. After administration of atipamezole, sternal recumbency and mobility returned within 6.9 ± 5.8 and 47.5 ± 102.2 minutes, respectively. Postreversal sedation, which lasted approximately 4 hours, developed in 4 cheetahs.

Clinical Implications—
Tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine delivered via a dart provided an alternative method for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in cheetahs. Atipamezole at the dose used was effective for reversal of this combination in the initial phase of anesthesia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:213:1022-1026)
Randomized controlled trial of doxorubicin versus dactinomycin in a multiagent protocol for treatment of dogs with malignant lymphoma
Authors: Khanna Chand , Lund Elizabeth M. , Redic Kim A. , Hayden David W. , Bell Ford W. , Goulland Eric L. , Klausner Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To compare efficacy and toxicity of 2 multiagent chemotherapeutic protocols similar in all respects except that 1 incorporated dactinomycin and the other incorporated doxorubicin for treatment of dogs with malignant lymphoma.

Design—
Randomized controlled trial.

Animals—
45 dogs with malignant lymphoma.

Procedure—
Dogs were randomly assigned to a doxorubicin or dactinomycin treatment group. Time to first remission, duration of first remission, survival time, and prevalence of toxicoses, particularly number of episodes of dose-limiting neutropenia and gastrointestinal toxicoses, were compared between groups.

Results—
37 dogs received at least 1 dose of doxorubicin (21 dogs) or dactinomycin (16). Median time to first remission was not significantly different between groups, but median duration of first remission and median survival time were significantly longer for dogs in the doxorubicin treatment group than for dogs in the dactinomycin treatment group. Number of dogs that died, number of episodes of dose-limiting neutropenia, and number of episodes of gastrointestinal toxicoses were not significantly different between groups.

Clinical Implications—
A multiagent chemotherapeutic protocol incorporating doxorubicin was significantly more effective in dogs with malignant lymphoma than a similar protocol incorporating dactinomycin. Despite the lower cost and lack of cardiotoxicity, dactinomycin is not an equivalent substitute for doxorubicin in the initial treatment of dogs with malignant lymphoma. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:213:985-990)
Clotting times and antithrombin III activity in cats with naturally developing diseases: 85 cases (1984-1994)
Authors: Thomas Jennifer S. , Green Robert A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the prevalence of abnormalities of in vitro prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), or antithrombin III (ATIII) activity or all 3 variables in cats; and the association of abnormalities of these variables with naturally developing diseases or disorders.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
85 cats from which blood had been obtained for measurement of a coagulation profile (PT, APTT, and ATIII activity) and concentration of fibrin degradation products.

Procedure
Medical records from the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed to determine clinical diagnosis, results of CBC and coagulation profile, and clinical evidence of abnormal bleeding or thrombotic disease.

Results
38 cats had one or more abnormality in the coagulation profile; most had multiple abnormalities. Twenty of these 38 cats had concurrent thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia was identified in 9 of 47 cats in which results of the coagulation profile were normal. Most cats did not have clinical evidence of a coagulation disorder, and testing had been requested as part of a diagnostic work-up or before surgery. Diseases commonly associated with laboratory evidence of a coagulation disorder, either singly or in combination, included hepatic disease, neoplasia, and systemic infections.

Clinical Implications
On the basis of laboratory evidence, hemostatic disorders develop more commonly in cats than clinical signs would suggest. Coagulation profiles may be warranted in high-risk cats to alert clinicians to potential problems. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1290-1295)
Prevention of the spread of rabies to wildlife by oral vaccination of raccoons in Massachusetts
Authors: Robbins Alison H. , Borden Michael D. , Windmiller Bryan S. , Niezgoda Michael , Marcus Leonard C. , O'Brien Sean M. , Kreindel Silvia M. , McGuill Michael W. , DeMaria Alfred , Rupprecht Charles E. , Rowell Steven 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the use of bait containing rabies vaccine to create a barrier of rabies-vaccinated raccoons in Massachusetts and to determine the effectiveness of various bait distribution strategies in halting the spread of rabies.

Design
Prospective study.

Sample Population
Free-ranging raccoons.

Procedure
Baits were distributed twice yearly in a 207-km2 (80-mi2) area in the vicinity of the Cape Cod Canal. Bait density and distribution strategy varied among 3 treatment areas. Raccoons were caught in live traps after bait distribution and anesthetized; blood samples were obtained to measure serum antibody titers to rabies virus. Vaccination rates were determined by the percentage of captured raccoons with antibody titers to rabies virus ≥ 1:5. In addition, raccoons with clinical signs of illness inside the vaccination zone and adjacent areas were euthanatized and submitted for rabies testing.

Results
The percentage of vaccinated raccoons differed significantly among the following 3 areas with various bait densities: high-density area with uniform bait distribution (103 baits/km2 [267 baits/mi2]) = 37%; low-density area with additional targeted bait distribution (93 baits/km2 [240 baits/mi2]) = 67%; and, high-density area with additional targeted bait distribution (135 baits/km2 [350 baits/mi2]) = 77%. Nineteen animals with rabies (15 raccoons, 3 skunks, 1 cat) were reported in the area just outside of the vaccination zone, but only 1 raccoon with rabies was reported from inside the vaccination zone.

Clinical Implications
In this suburban study area, an approximate vaccination rate of 63% was sufficient to halt the spread of rabies in free-ranging raccoons. Compared with uniform bait distribution, targeting raccoon habitats increased vaccination rates. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1407-1412)