bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating Parametric BRDFs from Natural Language Descriptions
Authors: Memery Sean , Cedron Osmar , Subr Kartic 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArtistic authoring of 3D environments is a laborious enterprise that also requires skilled content creators. There have been impressive improvements in using machine learning to address different aspects of generating 3D content, such as generating meshes, arranging geometry, synthesizing textures, etc. In this paper we develop a model to generate Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs) from descriptive textual prompts. BRDFs are four dimensional probability distributions that characterize the interaction of light with surface materials. They are either represented parametrically, or by tabulating the probability density associated with every pair of incident and outgoing angles. The former lends itself to artistic editing while the latter is used when measuring the appearance of real materials. Numerous works have focused on hypothesizing BRDF models from images of materials. We learn a mapping from textual descriptions of materials to parametric BRDFs. Our model is first trained using a semi‐supervised approach before being tuned via an unsupervised scheme. Although our model is general, in this paper we specifically generate parameters for MDL materials, conditioned on natural language descriptions, within NVIDIA's Omniverse platform. This enables use cases such as real‐time text prompts to change materials of objects in 3D environments such as “dull plastic” or “shiny iron”. Since the output of our model is a parametric BRDF, rather than an image of the material, it may be used to render materials using any shape under arbitrarily specified viewing and lighting conditions.
A random walk for agricultural total factor productivity
Authors: Vercammen James 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGrowth in agricultural total factor productivity (TFP), which explains most of the long‐term growth in U.S. agricultural output, may be slowing. The Economic Research Service (ERS) of the USDA is confident that current levels of below‐average growth will eventually regain the long‐term trend line. Others disagree, arguing instead that due to declining public expenditures on agricultural research, TFP growth experienced a downward and seemingly permanent structural shift about 30 years ago. In this paper, I argue that neither perspective is accurate since agricultural TFP is best modeled as a random walk with drift and thus not governed by a deterministic trend line. When I use a first difference model to accommodate the unit root, I do not find a structural break in the rate of drift. However, I acknowledge that this finding may not be general because I show that my test for a structural break has low power. To add theoretical relevance, I develop a simple model of stochastic innovation and farm technology adoption, and then use simulation results from my model to explain why a random walk for agricultural TFP is a theoretically sound proposition.
Dopaminergic versus anticholinergic treatment effects on physiologic complexity of hand tremor in Parkinson's disease: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Cui Yusha , Su Dongning , Zhang Junjiao , Lam Joyce S. T. , Cao Shuangshuang , Yang Yaqin , Piao Yingshan , Wang Zhan , Zhou Junhong , Pan Hua , Feng Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsParkinsonian tremor (PT) is regulated by numerous neurophysiological components across multiple temporospatial scales. The dynamics of tremor fluctuation are thus highly complex. This study aimed to explore the effects of different medications on tremor complexity, and how the underlying factors contribute to such tremor complexity.MethodsIn this study, 66 participants received a 2‐mg dose of benzhexol or a pre‐determined dose of levodopa at two study visits in a randomized order. Before and after taking the medications, tremor fluctuation was recorded using surface electromyography electrodes and accelerometers in resting, posture, and weighting conditions with and without a concurrent cognitive task. Tremor complexity was quantified using multiscale entropy.ResultsTremor complexity in resting (p = 0.002) and postural condition (p < 0.0001) was lower when participants were performing a cognitive task compared to a task‐free condition. After taking levodopa and benzhexol, participants had increased (p = 0.02–0.03) and decreased (p = 0.03) tremor complexity compared to pre‐medication state, respectively. Tremor complexity and its changes as induced by medications were significantly correlated with clinical ratings and their changes (β = −0.23 to −0.39; p = 0.002–0.04), respectively.ConclusionTremor complexity may be a promising marker to capture the pathophysiology underlying the development of PT, aiding the characterization of the effects medications have on PT regulation.
Cisplatin‐induced oxPAPC release enhances MDSCs infiltration into LL2 tumour tissues through MCP‐1/CCL2 and LTB4/LTB4R pathways
Authors: Nie Ji , Ai Jiayuan , Hong Weiqi , Bai Ziyi , Wang Binhan , Yang Jingyun , Zhang Ziqi , Mo Fei , Yang Jing , Sun Qiu , Wei Xiawei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer‐related death, however, resistance to chemotherapy drugs remains a huge barrier to effective treatment. The elevated recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumour after chemotherapy has been linked to resistance of chemotherapy drugs. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism remains unclear. oxPAPC is a bioactive principal component of minimally modified low‐density lipoproteins and regulates inflammatory response. In this work, we found that cisplatin, oxaliplatin and ADM all increased oxPAPC release in tumour. Treating macrophages with oxPAPC in vitro stimulated the secretion of MCP‐1 and LTB4, which strongly induced monocytes and neutrophils chemotaxis, respectively. Injection of oxPAPC in vivo significantly upregulated the percentage of MDSCs in tumour microenvironment (TME) of wild‐type LL2 tumour‐bearing mice, but not CCL2−/− mice and LTB4R−/− mice. Critically, oxPAPC acted as a pro‐tumor factor in LL2 tumour model. Indeed, cisplatin increased oxPAPC level in tumour tissues of WT mice, CCL2−/− and LTB4R−/− mice, but caused increased infiltration of Ly6Chigh monocytes and neutrophils only in WT LL2‐bearing mice. Collectively, our work demonstrates cisplatin treatment induces an overproduction of oxPAPC and thus recruits MDSCs infiltration to promote the tumour growth through the MCP‐1/CCL2 and LTB4/LTB4R pathways, which may restrict the effect of multiple chemotherapy. This provides evidence for a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of lung cancer by targeting oxPAPC.
Novel grid‐based population estimates correlate with actual population sizes of the marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia), while transect and larvae counts are less reliable
Authors: Norman Hannah , Säwenfalk Demieka Seabrook , Kindvall Oskar , Franzén Markus , Askling John , Johansson Victor 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Established butterfly survey methods that are useful for monitoring species that are widely distributed and numerous may be less accurate for more rare species. We therefore need new monitoring approaches.
We describe a plot‐based survey method, where butterflies or larvae nests are counted within 1‐ha grid cells. The aim was to compare this grid method with more traditional transect counts and evaluate both methods in relation to high‐quality capture–mark–release (CMR) population estimates (reflecting the ‘true’ population). We do this using data from a large population of the marsh fritillary butterfly in Sweden. Moreover, we followed the overall population trend from 2017 to 2021 for both adult butterflies and larvae.
Results showed a higher detection probability using the grid method compared with transect counts, which for adult butterflies seem to be explained by time effort. Moreover, grid surveys of adult butterflies showed a clear significant relationship with the estimated ‘true’ population size from CMR, while transect counts did not. For larvae, both methods showed significant relationships with the estimated adult population size, but the grid method found 5.7 times more larvae. The overall population fluctuated significantly across years. In years with low densities, the transect method largely failed to detect the species.
The grid method seems more reliable for detecting the marsh fritillary and for estimating its population size, and thus, tracking the population trend. We propose this novel method to be integrated into surveys and monitoring of biodiversity, especially when focusing on rare habitat specialists that are normally underrepresented in monitoring based on volunteer counts.
Diagnosis and surgical reduction of atlanto‐axial luxation in a 10‐year‐old Irish Draught horse
Authors: Rutigliano Linda , Anderson Jonathan , Loomes Kate , Tyner Gemma , Dixon Jonathon 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThis case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of noncongenital atlanto‐axial luxation in a 10‐year‐old Irish Draught mare. The mare initially presented to our referral hospital for dullness and colic signs. After resolution of the colic signs, the horse displayed increasing levels of dullness. Physical examination revealed that the horse could not flex and extend its neck freely to reach food from the ground. Radiographic and standing computed tomographic investigations revealed atlanto‐axial luxation that was subsequently successfully reduced using a surgical approach under general anaesthesia. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case report describing the successful surgical treatment of presumed traumatic atlanto‐axial luxation in an adult horse.
Troubling organizational violence with Judith Butler: Surviving whistleblower reprisals
Authors: Kenny Kate , Fanchini Mahaut 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow do workers who encounter violence by deviating from organizational norms make sense of their experiences? Our article engages with Judith Butler's work on vulnerability and troubling to address this. Inspired by these concepts while analyzing empirical data gathered from whistleblowers in financial services, we propose a framing termed “aggression‐troubling”. Aggression‐troubling encompasses an awareness of: the vulnerability and relationality attending scenes of organizational violence; how imposing ideals of what is “normal” come into play as part of that violence; and how these structures might be destabilized and disrupted—or troubled. Our second contribution is analytic: we find that the singular and immediate presence of the individual other‐in‐relation—the “you” responsible for exerting violence—is a critical part of how people make sense of the scene of violence. We adopt a methodological approach focused on how individuals’ retrospective accounts of experiences of violence, and we analyze cases of whistleblowing in financial services to develop our arguments. Aggression‐troubling by no means downplays the injury and pain that normative organizational violence can cause, nor does it suggest that power relations can easily be overturned. This framing does however offer a deeper exploration of experiences of normative violence. It provides insights into how it can be survived and potentially overcome, with contributions for research and practice.
DNA methylation alterations of ADCY5, MICAL2, and PLEKHG2 during the developmental stage of cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Makiuchi Satomi , Tian Ying , Fujimoto Mao , Kuramoto Junko , Tsuda Noboru , Ojima Hidenori , Gotoh Masahiro , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Yoshida Teruhiko , Kanai Yae , Arai Eri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to clarify the significance of DNA methylation alterations of cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).MethodsUsing the Infinium assay, we performed genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis of 250 liver tissue samples, including noncancerous liver tissue (U‐N) and corresponding cancerous tissue (U‐T) from patients with cryptogenic HCC without a history of excessive alcohol use and hepatitis virus infection, and whose U‐N samples showed no remarkable histological features (no microscopic evidence of simple steatosis, any form of hepatitis including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or liver cirrhosis).ResultsWe identified 3272 probes that showed significant differences of DNA methylation levels between U‐N and normal liver tissue samples from patients without HCC, indicating that a distinct DNA methylation profile had already been established at the precancerous U‐N stage. U‐Ns have a DNA methylation profile differing from that of noncancerous liver tissue of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis‐related, viral hepatitis‐related, and alcoholic liver disease‐related HCCs. Such DNA methylation alterations in U‐Ns were inherited by U‐Ts. The U‐Ns showed DNA methylation alteration of ADCY5, resulting in alteration of its mRNA expression, whereas noncancerous liver tissue of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis‐, viral hepatitis‐, or alcoholic liver disease‐related HCCs did not. DNA methylation levels of MICAL2 and PLEKHG2 in U‐Ts were correlated with larger tumor diameter and portal vein involvement, respectively.ConclusionsU‐N‐specific DNA hypermethylation of ADCY5 may have significance, even from the precancerous stage in liver showing no remarkable histological features. DNA hypomethylation of MICAL2 and PLEKHG2 may determine the clinicopathological features of cryptogenic HCC.
Interaction between levels of text representation and working memory during L2 reading comprehension: What about it?
Authors: Molokopeeva Tatiana , Simard Daphnée 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe relationship between L2 reading comprehension and working memory has been studied for years, and previous studies highlight the existence of a correlation between the two. However, to our knowledge, no previous study used Kintsch's Multilevel Comprehension Model to operationalize reading comprehension in the investigation of its relationship with working memory. More specifically, according to Kintsch's model, comprehension consists of three text representation levels—the surface level (the literal wording of the text), the textbase (which includes inferences made by the reader), and the situation model (the integration of explicit and implicit text information with readers’ background knowledge). Therefore, the study reported in this paper examined the contribution of working memory, the short‐term retention of information and its manipulation, to different text representation levels during L2 reading comprehension. To do so, fifty‐five (N = 55) adult L2 learners of French completed L2 reading comprehension task tapping into three levels of text representation and a numerical complex working memory task. The results showed, on the one hand, a significant contribution of working memory to L2 reading comprehension and, on the other hand, that this relationship was specifically observed with the situation model.
The longitudinal association between neighbourhood quality and cardiovascular risk factors among youth receiving obesity treatment
Authors: Neshteruk Cody D. , Chandrashekaran Shivani , Armstrong Sarah C. , Skinner Asheley C. , Delarosa Jesse , D'Agostino Emily M. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundNeighbourhood factors are associated with cardiovascular health in adults, but these relationships are under‐explored in youth.ObjectivesTo characterize the associations between neighbourhood factors and child and adolescent health among youth with obesity.MethodsData were drawn from patient health records at a pediatric weight management clinic (n = 2838) and the Child Opportunity Index (COI). Exposures were area‐level neighbourhood factors (commute duration, walkability, greenspace and industrial pollutants). Outcomes included BMI relative to the 95th percentile (BMIp95) and blood pressure (continuous variables). Longitudinal models examined associations between COI indicators and outcomes.ResultsShorter commute duration (β = −4.31, 95% CI: −5.92, −2.71) and greater walkability (β = −4.40, 95% CI: −5.98, −2.82) were negatively associated with BMIp95. Increased greenspace availability was positively associated with BMIp95 (β = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.19, 3.67). None of the COI indicators were associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the full sample. Analyses stratified by sex and race/ethnicity showed similar patterns for BMIp95. For commute duration, there was a negative association with blood pressure for female, non‐Hispanic White and other race/ethnicity youth.ConclusionsNeighbourhood factors should be considered as contextual factors when treating youth with obesity. Additional research is needed to understand the relationship between neighbourhood factors and cardiovascular outcomes.
Targeting ferroptosis in gastric cancer: Strategies and opportunities
Authors: Le Jiahan , Pan Guangzhao , Zhang Che , Chen Yitao , Tiwari Amit K. , Qin Jiang‐Jiang 
Published: October 2023

SummaryFerroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death morphologically, genetically, and biochemically distinct from other cell death pathways and characterized by the accumulation of iron‐dependent lipid peroxides and oxidative damage. It is now understood that ferroptosis plays an essential role in various biological processes, especially in the metabolism of iron, lipids, and amino acids. Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide with low early diagnosis rates and high metastasis rates, accounting for its relatively poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy is commonly used to treat GC, drug resistance often leads to poor therapeutic outcomes. In the last several years, extensive research on ferroptosis has highlighted its significant potential in GC therapy, providing a promising strategy to address drug resistance associated with standard cancer therapies. In this review, we offer an extensive summary of the key regulatory factors related to the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis. Various inducers and inhibitors specifically targeting ferroptosis are uncovered. Additionally, we explore the prospective applications and outcomes of these agents in the field of GC therapy, emphasizing their capacity to improve the outcomes of this patient population.
Dy/Sr‐codoped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 multifunctional transparent‐ferroelectric ceramics with adjustable white‐light emission
Authors: Huang Haoqing , Zhang Shuo , Yu Fangyuan , Lin Jinfeng , Wu Xiao , Zhao Chunlin , Gao Min , Lin Tengfei , Jin Yanqiao , Lin Cong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTraditional solid‐state luminescent materials (e.g., phosphors and microcrystalline glasses) have attracted extensive attention due to their high energy efficiency and long lifespan. However, their application scope is limited by complex compositions and manufacturing processes, as well as single‐function. In this study, solid‐state reaction was utilized to prepare transparent‐ferroelectric (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) ceramics by simply codoping with Dy3+ and Sr2+, providing possibilities for large‐scale production. Ceramics exhibit high optical transmittance, high‐quality white‐light emission and relaxor ferroelectric feature. Under irradiation of UV light, photochromic behavior occurring in the ceramics, resulting in modulating the optical performances, especially quality of emitted white light. Multifunctionality can expand latent applications of KNN‐based ceramics from white light‐emitting diodes to modulated optoelectronic devices.
Oridonin attenuates atherosclerosis by inhibiting foam macrophage formation and inflammation through FABP4/PPARγ signalling
Authors: Zhang Ming , Hou Lianjie , Tang Wanying , Lei Weixing , Lin Huiling , Wang Yu , Long Haijiao , Lin Shuyun , Chen Zhi , Wang Guangliang , Zhao Guojun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBoth lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in lesion macrophages fuel the progression of atherosclerosis, leading to high mortality of cardiovascular disease. A therapeutic strategy concurrently targeting these two risk factors is promising, but still scarce. Oridonin, the bioactive medicinal compound, is known to protect against inflammatory response and lipid dysfunction. However, its effect on atherosclerosis and the underlying molecular mechanism remain elusive. Here, we showed that oridonin attenuated atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ApoE knockout mice. Meanwhile, we confirmed the protective effect of oridonin on the oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐induced foam macrophage formation, resulting from increased cholesterol efflux, as well as reduced inflammatory response. Mechanistically, the network pharmacology prediction and further experiments revealed that oridonin dramatically facilitated the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), thereby regulating liver X receptor‐alpha (LXRα)‐induced ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression and nuclear factor NF‐kappa‐B (NF‐κB) translocation. Antagonist of PPARγ reversed the cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory response mediated by oridonin. Besides, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) was altered responding to lipid modulation effect of oridonin. Overexpression of FABP4 inhibited PPARγ activation and blunted the benefit effect of oridonin on foam macrophages. Taken together, oridonin might have potential to protect against atherosclerosis by modulating the formation and inflammatory response in foam macrophages through FABP4/PPARγ signalling.
Changes in the burden of medications that may impair driving among older adults before and after a motor vehicle crash
Authors: Riester Melissa R. , D'Amico Adam M. , Khan Marzan A. , Joyce Nina R. , Pfeiffer Melissa R. , Margolis Seth A. , Ott Brian R. , Curry Allison E. , Bayer Thomas A. , Zullo Andrew R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedications are one of the most easily modifiable risk factors for motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) among older adults, yet limited information exists on how the use of potentially driver‐impairing (PDI) medications changes following an MVC. Therefore, we examined the number and types of PDI medication classes dispensed before and after an MVC.MethodsThis observational study included Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged ≥67 years who were involved in a police‐reported MVC in New Jersey as a driver between 2008 and 2017. Analyses were conducted at the “person‐crash” level because participants could be involved in more than one MVC. We examined the use of 36 PDI medication classes in the 120 days before and 120 days after MVC. We described the number and prevalence of PDI medication classes in the pre‐MVC and post‐MVC periods as well as the most common PDI medication classes started and stopped following the MVC.ResultsAmong 124,954 person‐crashes, the mean (SD) age was 76.0 (6.5) years, 51.3% were female, and 83.9% were non‐Hispanic White. The median (Q1, Q3) number of PDI medication classes was 2 (1, 4) in both the pre‐MVC and post‐MVC periods. Overall, 20.3% had a net increase, 15.9% had a net decrease, and 63.8% had no net change in the number of PDI medication classes after MVC. Opioids, antihistamines, and thiazide diuretics were the top PDI medication classes stopped following MVC, at incidences of 6.2%, 2.1%, and 1.7%, respectively. The top medication classes started were opioids (8.3%), skeletal muscle relaxants (2.2%), and benzodiazepines (2.1%).ConclusionsA majority of crash‐involved older adults were exposed to multiple PDI medications before and after MVC. A greater proportion of person‐crashes were associated with an increased rather than decreased number of PDI medications. The reasons why clinicians refrain from stopping PDI medications following an MVC remain to be elucidated.