bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the role of a specialist tracheostomy service. From critical care to outreach and beyond
Authors: Norwood M G A , Spiers P , Bailiss J , Sayers R D 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
The impact that a new specialist tracheostomy service, designed specifically for the care of patients with tracheostomies, was assessed in terms of type of tracheostomy tube used, time to first tube change, time to decannulation, and incidence of tracheostomy related complications in a teaching hospital with no on-site ear, nose, and throat facility. A total of 170 patients were studied. After service implementation, fewer patients (17.6%, n = 21) were discharged from the intensive treatment unit to the wards with tracheostomy tubes compared with the first group (39%, n = 20) (p = 0.006), and the number of tracheostomy related complications on the wards were significantly reduced (p = 0.031).
A case of two adverse reactions
Authors: Smith L-A , Harkness M 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Low molecular weight heparins are now widely prescribed in the treatment of thromboembolic disease and acute coronary syndromes. Anaphylaxis is a recognised but rare potentially life threatening side effect of heparin.
Common clinical features of anaphylaxis are cardiovascular collapse, bronchospasm, cutaneous symptoms, angioedema, generalised oedema, or gastrointestinal symptoms. It is extremely rare, however, for patients to experience such dramatic and potentially life threatening consequences as seen in the case reported here. It has been shown that patients may be tolerant of certain low molecular weight heparins but sensitive to others.
Adrenaline is regarded as the most important drug for any severe anaphylactic reaction. Administration by the intramuscular route produces significantly higher peak plasma concentrations compared with subcutaneous injection, which is clearly beneficial in the critically compromised patient. Current UK Resuscitation Council guidelines support the use of 0.5 ml of 1:1000 adrenaline to be administered intramuscularly.
Life threatening hyperphosphataemia after administration of sodium phosphate in preparation for colonoscopy
Authors: Azzam I , Kovalev Y , Storch S , Elias N 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
An elderly woman developed severe hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, and cardiac arrest after oral administration of sodium phosphate in preparation for colonoscopy. This is an unusual complication and is attributed to decreased phosphate excretion by the kidneys. At increased risk are patients with impaired renal function, age more than 65 years, and presenting with intestinal obstruction or decreased intestinal motility, increased intestinal permeability, liver cirrhosis, or congestive heart failure. Though there are no accepted guidelines for anticipation and prevention of this adverse effect, it may be desirable to check serum phosphate concentrations before choosing the method for colonic preparation and before giving the second oral dose of sodium phosphate in patients at risk. Hyperphosphataemia should be suspected if a patient develops hypotension or neuromuscular irritability after administration of sodium phosphate. Haemodialysis for direct removal of phosphate and intravenous calcium for treatment of symptomatic hypocalcaemia may be life saving.
Patient and disease profile of emergency medical readmissions to an Irish teaching hospital
Authors: Moloney E D , Bennett K , Silke B 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Objective: To determine whether there was a relationship between coded diseases at the time of hospital discharge, a pattern of ordering investigations, and hospital readmission in a major teaching hospital.
Design: Systematic review of data relating to emergency medical patients admitted to St James’ Hospital Dublin between 1 January and 31 December 2002.
Data sources and methods: Data on discharges from hospital recorded in the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) system. The value of HIPE data in describing the relationship between the pattern of resource utilisation, diagnostic related groups, and hospital readmission has not previously been examined.
Results: Of 5038 episodes recorded among 4050 patients admitted, the number of readmissions was up to 15. Age and male gender were factors associated with readmission, and readmitted patients remained in hospital for longer. No particular test request predicted readmission, but computed tomography of the brain was associated with a reduced readmission rate. Discharge diagnostic related group coding at first discharge predicted readmission—codes related to heart failure, respiratory system, alcohol, malignancy, and anaemia.
Conclusions: It was found that clinical coding using the HIPE database strongly predicted hospital readmission. It may be argued that early hospital readmission reflects unsatisfactory patient care, alternatively that many readmissions are not preventable, representing either new events in elderly patients with chronic illnesses and frequent co-morbidity or related to social factors. The utility of specific interventions, in patients at high risk for hospital readmission, could be explored.
History of medical screening: from concepts to action
Authors: Morabia A , Zhang F F 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
The objective of medical screening is to identify disease in its preclinical, and therefore hopefully still curable, phase. This may have been an old quest in medicine but it became historically possible when at least four conditions were met: the availability of simple, valid and acceptable forms of tests, the discovery of effective treatments, the establishment of a theory of screening, and the wide access to health care. Five selected examples that illustrate the history of medical screening are reviewed: screening for psychiatric disorders in the United States army as it is one of the oldest screening programmes; screening for syphilis as it used one of the earliest screening tests; screening for diabetes as one of the first modern forms of mass screening; screening for cervical cancer using the Pap test as one of the greatest successes of screening; and screening for breast cancer by mammography as this offers a good opportunity to discuss the development of modern evaluation of screening programmes. The evaluation of the impact of screening on human health slowly progressed, from obvious changes in the vital statistics such as the decline in incidence of syphilis, to less obvious changes such as the decline in mortality of cancer of the uterus, to finally more subtle changes, such as the impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality. Methods of evaluation had therefore to adapt, evolving from simple surveys to case-control studies and randomised trials. The history of screening is short, but very rich and mostly still to be written.
RIBBON-MOVES OF 2-LINKS PRESERVE THE μ-INVARIANT OF 2-LINKS
Authors: OGASA EIJI 
Published: August 2004

We introduce ribbon-moves of 2-links, which are operations to make 2-links into new 2-links by local operations. Let L1 and L2 be 2-links. Then the following hold. (1) If L1 is ribbon-move equivalent to L2, then we have [Formula: see text] where μ( ) is the μ invariant of 2-links which is defined naturally by using the μ invariant of spin closed 3-manifolds. (2) Suppose that L1 is ribbon-move equivalent to L2. Let Wi be arbitrary Seifert hypersurfaces for Li. Then the torsion part of H1(W1)⊕H1(W2) is isomorphic to G⊕G for a finite abelian group G. (3) Not all 2-knots are ribbon-move equivalent to the trivial 2-knot. (4) The converse of (1) is not true. (5) The converse of (2) is not true. Let L=(L1,L) be a sublink of homology boundary link. Then we have: (i) L is ribbon-move equivalent to a boundary link. (ii) μ(L)=μ(L1)+μ(L2).
Evaluation of Recombinant and Native Timothy Pollen (rPhl p 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12 and nPhl p 4)- Specific IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Subcutaneous Immunotherapy with Timothy Pollen Extract in Allergic Patients
Authors: Rossi R.E. , Monasterolo G. 
Published: August 2004

<i>Background:</i> Allergen immunotherapy is a widely accepted treatment for IgE-mediated allergies. The evaluation of immunotherapy-induced IgG4 antibodies based on allergen extract is questionable because the amount of allergen-extract-specific IgG4 to individual disease-eliciting allergens cannot be determined using crude allergen extracts. In this study, we examined the specific IgE and IgG4 serum binding profiles to individual <i>Phleum pratense </i>allergens in grass-pollen-sensitive patients who had received grass-pollen-specific immunotherapy (SIT). <i>Methods:</i> The study included 33 patients from North-West Italy. All suffered from seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma. A modified ‘cluster’ regimen of injections of a standardized aluminium-adsorbed <i>P.</i><i>pratense</i> extract, with once-weekly visits and 10 injections for 5 weeks followed by 3 weeks of maintenance injections was instituted. Patients’ sera were analyzed for specific IgE and IgG4 reactivity to individual <i>P. pratense </i>allergens (recombinant Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, Phl p 6, Phl p 7, Phl p 11, Phl p12 and native Phl p 4) and natural <i>P. pratense</i> extract using the Pharmacia CAP system. <i>Results:</i> IgE reactivities to new allergen components were not detected by CAP in treated patients after 15 weeks and a cumulative dose of approximately 65 µg of the major allergen Phl p 5. Patients lacking specific IgE reactivity towards individual allergens at the start of SIT did not produce significant levels of specific serum IgG4 to serum IgE-negative allergens. On the other hand, an increase in specific IgG4 only to allergens to which patients were previously sensitized was observed. Significant increases in specific IgG4 levels to rPhl p 1 (p < 0.05), 2 (p < (0.01), 5 (p < 0.0001), 6 (p < 0.0001), 7 (p < 0.05), 11 (p < 0.05) and nPhl p 4 (p < 0.01) were observed after <i>P. pratense</i> extract immunotherapy. No significant rPhl p 12-specific IgG4 antibody increase was documented after treatment. <i>Conclusion:</i> These findings suggest that Phl p 12 was underrepresented in the extract used, as indicated by the low specific IgG4 response induced by this grass-pollen-specific vaccine. Thus, the simple detection of specific serum IgG4 antibodies a few weeks after the start of SIT could represent a valuable tool to estimate the presence of relevant allergens in a given immunotherapeutic allergen extract.
Ko Hung's Discourse of Hsien-Immortality: A Taoist Configuration of an Alternate Ideal Self-Identity
Authors: Lai Chi-Tim 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis study seeks to investigate the ideological base underlying Ko Hung's new Taoist discourse of Hsien-immortality in early Six Dynasties China. Our analysis will show the symbolic and discursive complex of Ko Hung's Hsien-immortality, his self-understanding, and his reappropriation of the ancient Chinese religious tradition of physical immortality, in particular in relation to his own emerging historical consciousness. In so doing, it can serve as one of the keys to the understanding of an early Taoist master's religious discourse of Hsien-immortality which functions as an organizing principle that orders the way he experiences the social and cultural world, as an ideological resolution for his feelings of incongruence between outer reality and inner world, and, finally, as a soteriological vision of an alternate ideal self-identity in contrast to the Han idealized Confucian sage. The construction of Taoist discourse of Hsien-identity, instanced in Ko Hung's Pao-p'u tzu nei-p'ien, should, therefore, not be seen as something abstract and arbitrary without the roots in socio-cultural reality, but a new formation and shape for the Six Dynasties literati of an alternate idealized self-identity.
Close Harmonies: The Science of Religion in Dutch Duplex Ordo Theology, 1860-1960
Authors: Platvoet Jan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this article, the history of the Science of Religion in the Netherlands in the period 1860 to 1960 is surveyed at the time when it was an integral part of Dutch liberal academic theology as pursued in the faculties of theology at the universities of Leiden, Groningen, Utrecht and Amsterdam. In 1876, these faculties were given a special statute, the so-called Duplex Ordo, in a law that separated the ‘confessional’ theological disciplines from the ‘scientific’ ones. It also introduced the new disciplines of the Science of Religion and the Philosophy of Religion into these reconstituted faculties. I discuss Tiele's plan to make the Science of Religion their central discipline, and why it was ultimately given only a marginal place in them. My main concern, however, is to outline the theology which inspired the Science of Religion of Tiele, Chantepie, Van der Leeuw and Bleeker and to demonstrate its ‘close harmony’ with the liberal theology prevailing in these Duplex Ordo faculties, as also in at least some of the modalities of the Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk whose ministers were trained, again by law, in these faculties. It was that close harmony which allowed Van der Leeuw to disregard the Duplex Ordo and to establish a full harmony between the Science of Religion and confessional theology. I also discuss dissonant voices, Kraemer's especially, calling for the abrogation of the Duplex Ordo and the integration of the Science of Religion into a militantly confessional theology.
How Do You Say “God” in Dakota?
Authors: Siems Monica 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis essay explores some of the interpretive problems posed by the missionary work of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions among Minnesota's Dakota Indians in the mid-nineteenth century. Since “success” in conversion has often been defined largely in terms of Native American assimilation to white American societal norms, I argue that the Dakotas' acceptance of a Christianity that was preached to them in their own language poses a problem for understanding what “conversion” meant in this case. The difficulty of knowing what Christianity meant to the Dakotas, a difficulty I see as rooted in the problems attendant upon translation, can be illustrated by showing how distorted some of the missionaries' translations of Dakota religious ideas into English were. Their translation errors took two forms: the postulation of a similarity in reference between Dakota and English terms where it did not exist (as with the English words “god” and “spirit” and what the missionaries identified as their Dakota counterparts), or, conversely, the heightening of differences between Dakota and Protestant Christian religiosity (an effect achieved by associating Dakota terms with English pejoratives). I argue that what unites these two differing types of distortive translations is the missionaries' failure to understand the conceptual universe, or “deep structure”, underlying the Dakota language. And since they failed to perceive the holistic character of this conceptual system, the missionaries may have concluded that they had effected conversions among the Dakotas when they had only scratched the surface of Dakota religiosity.
Job: another new thesis
Authors: Caesar Lael 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn 1996, Andrew E. Steinmann proposed that integrity and faith, not theodicy and suffering, were the heart of the book of Job ("The Structure & Message of the Book of Job", VT 46, pp. 85-100). I do not dismiss the element of theodicy, but view the issue of integrity as critical to appreciating the book's split level setting (heaven and earth), its dual focus (divine and human), and its prose-poetry, frame-and-center, integration. Exchanges between Job and "friends" connect to the book's prologue as the human contribution to discussion of its earliest stated theme, human integrity. The epilogue's divine verdict (xlii 7, 8) brings closure upon this question which opens the book and provokes its drama. This essay focuses on the book's juxtaposition of Job and Eliphaz as illustrative of contrasting postures with regard to human integrity, a subject too long overshadowed, in Job scholarship, by questions on theodicy and suffering.
The comparative optative: a Homeric reminiscence in the Greek Pentateuch?
Authors: Evans Trevor 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe potential optative subordinated in a clause of comparison is extremely rare in extra-Biblical Greek, though found already in Homeric Epic. In the Septuagint it is relatively frequent. There are nine examples in the third century B.C. Greek Pentateuch and a further nine in later books. It will inevitably be suspected that some sort of Hebraistic influence on these translation Greek documents prompts the usage. Yet analysis of the comparative optative's relationship to text components in the underlying Hebrew reveals no specific motivation from that quarter. We are dealing with an independent Greek phenomenon. The argument of this paper, based on consideration of a large sample of Ancient Greek, is that Homeric reminiscence, far fetched as it must seem prima facie, offers the likeliest explanation of the Pentateuchal usage.
Were the Ephraimites to Blame?
Authors: Gosling  
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe article is concerned with a textual and historical examination of Ps. lxxviii 9. It begins by considering the history of exegesis of this Psalm, after which it considers in depth the only attested textual variant to the reading of the verb n⋅q, namely, nq⋅. Having concluded the investigation of the textual variant, the work then carries on to consider the reliability and integrity of the Hebrew text. It achieves this objective by a consideration of 11QPsd, which is followed by a consideration of the Septuagint's text. Next in turn for an evaluation of its contribution is the text of the Targum, which is considered at length. Since Rashi often bases his exegesis on the Targum it has been thought best to consider his exegesis of this difficult verse. The final part of the article is concerned with the cumulative assessment of all the pieces of textual evidence thus considered.
The stories of the family troubles of Judah and David: a study of their literary links
Authors: Ho Craig 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis article adds some newly discovered literary links between Gen. xxxviii and the Succession Narrative (SN) to those already observed by scholars in the past thirty or so years. Gen. xxxviii is found to be dependent on and owes to the SN most of its literary components like names, plot, theme, motifs and special locutions. The literary conclusion arrived, contrary to the widely accepted traditio-historical view, is that Gen. xxxviii has no oral tradition stage before being written down. Further analysis of the story does not confirm its belonging to the J source but re-affirms its genealogical concern. The article concludes with a conjectured raison d'être for Gen. xxxviii, namely to provide a "narrative evidence" for David's genealogical link to Judah, i.e. to prove David's Jewishness. It is further conjectured that Gen. xxxviii was probably written about the time of the emergence of the book of Ruth, which shows similar concern.
The case of the blasphemer revisited (Lev. xxiv 10-23)
Authors: Hutton Rodney 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe case of the "blasphemer" in Lev. xxiv 10-23 is complicated by the ambiguity of the offense. The expressions "blaspheme the name" (nāqab 'et-haššēm) and "curse" (qillēl) have been translated in a wide variety of ways. The arguments are reviewed and the proposal made that the offense was that the offender used the divine name in an illegitimate manner with the result that the name was degraded and dishonored.
CLEVER-1 mediates lymphocyte transmigration through vascular and lymphatic endothelium
Authors: Salmi Marko , Koskinen Kaisa , Henttinen Tiina , Elima Kati , Jalkanen Sirpa 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCommon lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (CLEVER-1; also known as stabilin-1 or FEEL-1) is a large multifunctional glycoprotein implicated in scavenging, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion. Here we studied the function of human CLEVER-1 in leukocyte trafficking. Lymphatic vessels expressed CLEVER-1 constitutively in skin in vivo, whereas on vascular endothelium it appeared only upon inflammation. On isolated vascular endothelial cells, CLEVER-1 supported rolling and transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under physiologically relevant laminar shear stress. Intriguingly, CLEVER-1 also mediated transmigration of leukocytes through cultured lymphatic endothelium under static conditions. Thus, synthesis of CLEVER-1 is differentially regulated on the 2 anatomically distinct vascular beds, and CLEVER-1 mediates the transmigration step of the leukocyte traffic in both of them. Notably, CLEVER-1 is the first adhesion molecule shown to be involved in the PBMC transmigration through the lymphatic arm of the immune system. (Blood. 2004;104:3849-3857)
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas lack the expression of T-cell receptor molecules or molecules of proximal T-cell receptor signaling
Authors: Bonzheim Irina , Geissinger Eva , Roth Sabine , Zettl Andreas , Marx Alexander , Rosenwald Andreas , Müller-Hermelink Hans Konrad , Rüdiger Thomas 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) designates a heterogeneous group of CD30+ (systemic or primary cutaneous) peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). A subgroup of systemic ALCL is transformed by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). We compared 24 ALK+, 15 ALK- systemic, and 7 cutaneous ALCLs with 29 nonanaplastic PTCLs in terms of T-cell receptor (TCR) rearrangements, expression of TCRs and TCR-associated molecules (CD3, ZAP-70 [zeta-associated protein 70]). Despite their frequent clonal rearrangement for TCRβ, only 2 (4%) of 47 ALCLs expressed TCRβ protein, whereas TCRs were detected on 27 of 29 nonanaplastic PTCLs. Moreover, both TCRβ+ ALCLs lacked CD3 and ZAP-70 (ie, molecules indispensable for the transduction of cognate TCR signals). Defective expression of TCRs is a common characteristic of all types of ALCL, which may contribute to the dysregulation of intracellular signaling pathways controlling T-cell activation and survival. This molecular hallmark of ALCL is analogous to defective immunoglobulin expression distinguishing Hodgkin lymphoma from other B-cell lymphomas. (Blood. 2004; 104:3358-3360)