bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital detector PET/CT increases Centiloid measures of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: A head-to-head comparison of cameras
Authors: Gillman Ashley , Bourgeat Pierrick , Cox Timothy , Villemagne Victor L , Fripp Jurgen , Huang Kun , Williams Rob , Shishegar Rosita , O’Keefe Graeme , Li Shenpeng , Krishnadas Natasha , Feizpour Azadeh , Bozinovski Svetlana , Rowe Christopher C , Doré Vincent 
Published: January 2025

Background The introduction of therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease has led to increased interest in precisely quantifying amyloid-β (Aβ) burden for diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and further clinical research. Recent positron emission tomography (PET) hardware innovations including digital detectors have led to superior resolution and sensitivity, improving quantitative accuracy. However, the effect of PET scanner on Centiloid remains relatively unexplored and is assumed to be minimized by harmonizing PET resolutions. Objective To quantify the differences in Centiloid between scanners in a paired cohort. Methods 36 participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle study (AIBL) cohort were scanned within a year on two scanners. Each participant underwent 18F-NAV4694 imaging on two of the three scanners investigated, the Siemens Vision, the Siemens mCT and the Philips Gemini. We compared Aβ Centiloid quantification between scanners and assessed the effectiveness of post-reconstruction PET resolution harmonization. We further compared the scanner differences in target sub-regions and with different reference regions to assess spatial variability. Results Centiloid from the Vision camera was found to be significantly higher compared to the Gemini and mCT; the difference was greater at high-Centiloid levels. Post-reconstruction resolution harmonization only accounted for and corrected ∼20% of the Centiloid (CL) difference between scanners. We further demonstrated that residual differences have effects that vary spatially between different subregions of the Centiloid mask. Conclusions We have demonstrated that the type of PET scanner that a participant is scanned on affects Centiloid quantification, even when scanner resolution is harmonized. We conclude by highlighting the need for further investigation into harmonization techniques that consider scanner differences.
A multi-country cohort database study to assess pregnancy and infant outcomes after potential maternal or paternal exposure to cladribine tablets in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: the CLEAR study methods and status update
Authors: Hellwig Kerstin , Magyari Melinda , MacDonald Thomas M. , Cesta Carolyn E. , Wergeland Stig , Leinonen Maarit K. , Ornoy Asher , Vukusic Sandra , Lauer Alexandra , Zhou Xiaolei , Kawai Alison , Weinrib Rachel , Arana Alejandro , Boumenna Tahani 
Published: January 2025

Background: Cladribine tablets are contraindicated during pregnancy; therefore, safety data on pregnancies exposed to this treatment are limited. CLEAR collects and describes pregnancy outcomes in this understudied population. Objectives: To describe the main features of the CLEAR study design, including the data sources and the methodological approach, and provide a status update. Design: CLEAR is a non-interventional, multi-database, comparative cohort study. Four cohorts are included: pregnancies of women with multiple sclerosis (MS) exposed to cladribine tablets (maternal cohort exposed); pregnancies of women with MS unexposed to any disease-modifying therapy (DMT; maternal cohort unexposed); pregnancies fathered by men with MS exposed to cladribine tablets; and pregnancies fathered by men with MS unexposed to any DMT. Methods: A staggered methodological approach, using data from Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Scotland, and Sweden, will be applied to analyze the occurrence of major congenital anomalies (primary outcome) and selected pregnancy outcomes. The first interim analysis (performed using German pregnancy cohorts) was conducted when ⩾75 pregnant women (including 25 women from the maternal cohort exposed) were cumulatively reached across all participating countries. The end of the study period will be established once pregnancy counts reach 149 in the maternal cohort exposed and 298 in the maternal cohort unexposed in all countries combined, or 5 years after pregnancy counts are first assessed (whichever occurs first). Results: As of January 2024, data on pregnancies of women exposed to cladribine tablets ( n = 28–36 (numbers are approximate due to masking of some counts)), and pregnancies of women unexposed to cladribine tablets ( n = 2834) were available from Denmark, Finland, Germany, Scotland, and Sweden. Conclusion: The CLEAR study, using a staggered methodological approach, aims to provide further insight into the safety outcome data for cladribine tablets in pregnant women, as a regulatory commitment with the European Medicines Agency. Trial registration: EU PAS Register number, EUPAS25027.
Continuous, subcutaneous apomorphine infusion for Parkinson disease motor fluctuations: Results from the phase 3, long-term, open-label United States InfusON study
Authors: Isaacson Stuart H , Espay Alberto J , Pahwa Rajesh , Agarwal Pinky , Shill Holly A , Hui Jennifer , Dashtipour Khashayar , Lew Mark , Qin Peibing , Formella Andrea E , Ceresoli-Borroni Gianpiera , LeWitt Peter A ,   on behalf of the InfusON Study Group
Published: January 2025

Background Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) has been used globally since the 1980s for Parkinson disease (PD) motor fluctuations but has not been available in the United States (US). Objective Evaluate CSAI for motor fluctuations in the US setting. Methods This open-label study (NCT02339064) enrolled patients with PD experiencing ≥3 hours (h) daily OFF time despite optimized levodopa and current/prior use of at least one other adjunctive therapy. CSAI was initiated with a 1–2 mg bolus followed by 1 mg/h infusion titrated to optimal efficacy and tolerability. Following titration, patients entered a 52-week maintenance period. Results Of 99 patients treated, 85 completed the titration period, 69 completed maintenance week 12 and 48 completed maintenance week 52. Common treatment-related adverse events included infusion site nodules and erythema, dyskinesia, nausea, and somnolence, each of which occurred more frequently during the titration period. Reduction in OFF time began at CSAI initiation and reached a mean of 3.0 ± 3.18 h/day by maintenance week 12 (primary efficacy endpoint), with a corresponding increase in Good ON time of 3.1 ± 3.35 h/day. By maintenance week 12, 68% of patients rated themselves as much or very much improved, 62% had at least a 2-h reduction in daily OFF time, and mean concomitant oral levodopa and levodopa equivalent doses (excluding CSAI) had been reduced by 198 mg/day and 283 mg/day, respectively. Improvements were maintained through week 52. Conclusions This study supports the clinical utility of CSAI to reduce OFF time and increase Good ON time in patients with motor fluctuations inadequately controlled with oral therapy.
Accumulation, extraction, purification, and antioxidants characteristics of proanthocyanidins from Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis)
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Yushi , Li Zongshuo , Li Weidong 
Published: January 2025

Background Cerasus humilis is rich in proanthocyanidins (PAs), which confer antioxidant activity. However, little is known about PAs in C. humilis fruits. Objective This study aimed to analyze the accumulation characteristics, extraction, purification, and antioxidant activities of C. humilis PAs. Methods The total proanthocyanidins content (TPAC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) of fruits of three C. humilis varieties (Jing-Ou 1, Jing-Ou 2, and Nong-Da 4) were determined. PA extraction was optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. The purification process of macroporous resin method was optimized and the purified PAs of C. humilis fruit was further refined by gelatin precipitation methods. The antioxidant capacity of C. humilis PAs before and after purification was by 2,2-biphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay in vitro. Results TPAC and TAOC showed a positive correlation and decreased in all three varieties as fruits ripened . After ripening, Jing-Ou 2 had the highest PAs content. The optimal solvent extraction method yielded a TPAC of 883.0 mg/100 g FW. The purity of PAs reached 47.52% using the macroporous resin method and 98.14% using gelatin precipitation. IC50 values of the purified PAs were comparable to those of vitamin C at the same mass concentration. Conclusions In this study, C. humilis PAs were systematically investigated for the first time. Not only its dynamic changes during fruit development were analyzed, but also the extraction and purification methods were optimized. Meanwhile, its antioxidant activity was verified, which provided a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of C. humilis PAs as antioxidants in functional foods and pharmaceutical formulations and sheds light on the health benefits of the species.
Systematic Review: Effectiveness of Carbon Dioxide Lasers for Treatment of Adult Laryngeal Hemangioma
Authors: Do Kenny , Kawana Eric , Shah Suparna , Salinas Jonathan , Bigcas Jo-Lawrence 
Published: January 2025

Importance Adult laryngeal hemangiomas are rare and may cause symptoms such as dysphonia, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers offer an alternative approach to managing this rare condition. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CO2 lasers in treating adult hemangioma and to identify potential side effects associated with this treatment modality. Design/Methods The study utilizes the PRISMA model to systematically collect articles available in the current literature. The numbers obtained from each academic manuscript were then used to calculate the effectiveness of CO2 laser therapy in patients with laryngeal hemangiomas. Articles from 1949 to 2023 were gathered using the PRISMA systematic review method. Setting Not applicable Participants Adult patients with laryngeal hemangioma who were treated with CO2 lasers. Intervention or Exposures Surgical management with CO2 lasers. Main Outcome Measures Number of patients with at least a 50% reduction in laryngeal hemangioma size. Results Two case reports, 4 case series, and 2 observational studies were included in this systematic review. For the case reports and series, only 1 out of the 19 patients experienced recurrence following CO2 laser treatment. However, some studies did not have adequate follow-up time. In the 2 observational studies, efficacy rates of 100% and 90.9% were reported by the authors respectively. Conclusion and Relevance Adult laryngeal hemangioma can be safely and successfully treated with CO2 laser microsurgery in well-selected cases. More studies, as well as longer patient follow-ups, are needed to truly assess the efficacy of CO2 laser in treating laryngeal hemangioma. This method provides a minimally invasive technique for adult patients with this rare disease.
Investigating “Xinshuixiao” Serum's Impact on dDAVP-Induced AQP2 Expression and Mechanisms in IMCD3 Cells
Authors: Wei Qian , Li Yang , Wang Yanxin , Luan Cheng , Zhang TianYang 
Published: January 2025

Objective To investigate the impact of “Xinshuixiao” drug-containing serum on dDAVP-induced AQP2 expression in IMCD3 cells and to preliminarily explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods Rats were orally administered with “Xinshuixiao granules” containing medicinal compounds. The CCK-8 assay was employed to determine the appropriate drug serum concentration and its effect on IMCD3 cell viability. Additionally, we assessed the influence of “Xinshuixiao” drug-containing serum on IMCD3 cell activity following dDAVP intervention. Cells were divided into blank, model, low, medium, and high-dose “Xinshuixiao” drug serum groups, as well as a Tolvaptan group. After 24 h of drug treatment, ELISA was used to measure the levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and protein kinase A (PKA) in the cell supernatant. Western blotting was employed to evaluate AQP2 protein expression, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to assess AQP2 mRNA expression levels. Results In comparison to the blank group, the model group exhibited elevated expression of AVP, cAMP, PKA ( P<0.05), as well as increased AQP2 mRNA and protein expression ( P<0.05). When compared to the model group, all treatment groups displayed varying degrees of reductions in AVP, cAMP, and PKA expression ( P<0.05), along with decreased AQP2 mRNA and protein expression, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion “Xinshuixiao” drug-containing serum exerts an inhibitory effect on the overexpression of AQP2 induced by dDAVP in IMCD3 cells, which may be associated with its suppression of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
Single-Stage Midline Unifocalization Is Associated With Excellent Outcomes in Infants of All Ages
Authors: Martin Elisabeth , Ma Michael , Zhang Yulin , Asija Ritu , Shek Jennifer , Ramamoorthy Chandra , Hanley Frank L. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: January 2025

Objective Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries are a complex congenital heart defect. For years, our program has recommended early single-stage midline unifocalization at three to six months of age. However, many patients are referred beyond six months. Thus, we sought to evaluate surgical outcomes according to age at repair. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent unifocalization from age 3 to 12 months. These patients had not undergone prior surgery at our institution or elsewhere and were also not protocoled into early surgery. Patients were divided in the following groups: 3.0 to 4.9 (n = 61), 5.0 to 5.9 (n = 56), 6.0 to 7.9 (n = 56), and 8.0 to 11.9 (n = 47) months. Competing risk regression analyses were performed. Results We included 220 patients from 2001 to 2020. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different among the four groups. Overall, single-stage complete repair with bilateral unifocalization, ventricular septal defect closure, atrial septal defect closure, and right ventricular–pulmonary artery (PA) conduit placement was achieved at the index operation in 174 (79%) patients and did not differ across age groups. Early mortality was 4% (n = 9). At one year, 91% (200/220) of the entire cohort was fully septated. Comparing with group 1, group 4 was significantly less likely to undergo any PA reinterventions [hazard ratio (HR) 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.92, P = .028] or surgical PA reinterventions [HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.95, P = .044] following complete repair. Conclusions Given the excellent outcomes across all ages, surgical timing for single-stage unifocalization should be dictated by clinical and anatomic details, with potential advantage in select clinically appropriate older infants who appear to be at a lower probability of PA reinterventions following full septation.
Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) As a Preoperative Screening Tool in Predicting Clinical Outcomes of Postoperative Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Kaur Satbir , Pandya Himani , Bhatt Gargee , Prajapati Deepal , Patel Dhruvini , Sirandas Aparna , Pujara Jigisha 
Published: January 2025

Objective The authors sought to evaluate the role of nutritional indices such as Onodera's prognostic nutrition index (PNI), World Health Organization (WHO)-based anthropometric measurements such as weight for age (w/a), height for age, weight for height, and perioperative serum albumin levels in the determination of postoperative clinical outcomes in pediatric patients who undergo surgery for congenital cardiac defects and surgical complexity (risk-adjusted congenital heart surgery score) and its correlation with postoperative course. Material and Methods In this prospective observational study, 108 post-pediatric cardiac surgery patients under the age of 18 months were enrolled between January 2023 and August 2023. Through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis we have found the cutoff value for PNI is ≤66.5 and >66.5. The above mentioned parameters were analyzed for postoperative clinical outcomes such as length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Results Significant negative correlation was found between length of ICU stay and hospital stay with lower PNI ( P = .019 and <.001, respectively.). Analysis of low versus high PNI groups was suggestive of a remarkable increase in mechanical ventilation time ( P = .03), length of ICU stay (0.01), and hospital stay ( P ≤ .001) in the low PNI group. Lower WHO-based w/a Z score was found to be significantly associated with low PNI (<66.5), after adjusting for preoperative albumin, postoperative albumin drop, and C-reactive protein (odds ratio = 1.411 per unit 0.28 increment in W/azs, P = .004). Conclusion Preoperative Onoderas PNI is an effective and efficient tool for predicting postoperative clinical morbidity in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart surgery.
Impact of Financial Market uncertainty and Financial Crises on Dynamic Stock—Foreign Exchange Market Correlations: A New Perspective
Authors: Irani Farid , Al.Al. Hadood Abobaker , Gökmenoğlu Korhan K. , Athari Seyed Alireza 
Published: January 2025

This study explores how uncertainties in domestic financial markets, including stocks, bonds, and exchange rates, as well as global crises like the subprime mortgage and European sovereign debt crises, affect the dynamic correlation between the Australian stock market index (ASX 300) and foreign exchange rates. Using quantile regression estimation and analyzing high-frequency data from 1999 to 2021, we uncover distinct relationships influenced by currency-specific uncertainties. Our findings reveal that Australian stock market concerns impact co-movements with financial instruments, showing different effects on the correlations with the Euro, British Pound, US Dollar, Japanese Yen, and Chinese Yuan. Surprisingly, uncertainties in the Australian bond market have a negative impact on co-movement with the Euro and British Pound but a positive impact with the US Dollar, Japanese Yen, and Chinese Yuan. Additionally, we observe that volatility in the Australian currency’s exchange rate with various currencies positively influences dynamic co-movements. However, the strength of this connection varies based on the volatility of the Australian dollar against the Japanese Yen. Global financial crises, especially the subprime mortgage crisis, significantly impact dynamic co-movements, supporting both Flow and Stock-oriented theories. In summary, our research sheds light on the diverse impacts of domestic financial market uncertainties on co-movement, providing valuable insights for portfolio managers and foreign investors aiming to understand the intricate relationship between the Australian stock market and exchange rates. JEL Classification: C32, F31, G01, G15
Influence of Preoperative Depression on Cervical Spine Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Javeed Saad , Yakdan Salim , Benedict Braeden , Saleem Samia , Kaleem Muhammad , Zhang Justin K. , Frumkin Madelyn R. , Hardi Angela , Neuman Brian , Kelly Michael P. , Goodin Burel R. , Rodebaugh Thomas L. , Ray Wilson Z. , Greenberg Jacob K. 
Published: January 2025

Study Design Systematic review and Meta-analysis. Objectives To quantify the association of preoperative depression on patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) after cervical spine surgery. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov until September 14, 2023. Studies including adults undergoing cervical spine surgery and comparing PROMs between depressed and non-depressed patients were included. The primary outcome was the postoperative change in disability, pain, and physical function. Secondary outcomes included absolute disease severity before and after surgery. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis. Results After screening 3813 articles, 20 studies were included, encompassing 3964 patients (mean age 57, 51% males) with median follow-up duration of 12 months. There was significant heterogeneity in estimates of the primary outcome ( I 2 = 81%). While patients with depression had a greater magnitude of improvement compared with patients without depression, it was not statistically significant (SMD = 0.04, [95% CI: −0.07, 0.16], I 2 = 80%; P = 0.48). However, patients with depression exhibited worse absolute disease severity preoperatively (SMD = −0.31, [-0.44, −0.19], I 2 = 84%; P < 0.001) and postoperatively (SMD = −0.31, [−0.48, −0.15], I 2 = 89%; P < 0.002). Sensitivity analyses with meta-regression found that older age, sex (male-to-female ratio), percentage of comorbidities, study quality, follow-up duration, number of adjusted factors in the analysis, and surgical approach were significant sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions Patients with depression experienced similar improvements in disability, pain, and physical function after cervical surgery compared to patients without depression. However, patients with depression exhibited worse disease severity before and after surgery.
Are Randomized Trials Better? Comparison of Baseline Covariate Balance of a Propensity Score-Balanced Lumbar Spine IDE Trial and Comparable RCTs
Authors: Maislin Greg , Keenan Brendan T , Alamin Todd F. , Fielding Louis C , Scherman Ashley , Hachadoorian Robert , Pierre Clifford , Sasso Rick C , Lavelle William F , Chapman Jens 
Published: January 2025

Study Design Prospective Observational Propensity Score. Objectives Randomization may lead to bias when the treatment is unblinded and there is a strong patient preference for treatment arms (such as in spinal device trials). This report describes the rationale and methods utilized to develop a propensity score (PS) model for an investigational device exemption (IDE) trial (NCT03115983) to evaluate decompression and stabilization with an investigational dynamic sagittal tether (DST) vs decompression and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) for patients with symptomatic grade I lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. Methods Twenty-five baseline covariates were selected for their expected relationship to patient outcomes or enrollment bias. Subclassification by PS quintiles was used to design a sample of investigational DST patients and TLIF controls with excellent covariate balance in which to estimate causal treatment effects. Additionally, balance in PS covariates was compared to available matching covariates from seven randomized spine IDE trials. Results The PS subclassification design resulted in excellent balance across baseline covariates, as evidenced by small standardized mean differences and no significant between group differences after accounting for the PS design (all P ≥ 0.768). Differences in SMDs among covariates of randomized spine IDE trials were not significant ( P = 0.396). Conclusion The PS subclassification design achieved excellent covariate balance between DST investigational and TLIF control participants. This PS designed sample shows covariate balance similar to that observed in published studies in which patients were randomized to investigational or control arms. Clinical trial registered with https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03115983).