bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulations and Diffusivity Coefficients of the 2D Depth‐Averaged Advection‐Diffusion Models: A Literature Review
Authors: Mignot Emmanuel , Riviere Nicolas , Dewals Benjamin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article reviews the mathematical formulations of the depth‐integrated advection‐diffusion equation used so far for modeling scalar transport and mixing in shallow environmental flows. It also summarizes the main approaches developed to evaluate the diffusivity tensor in such models. Remarkably, seven different formulations were found for the depth‐averaged advection‐diffusion equation, and eight distinct approaches have been used for determining the coefficients of the diffusivity tensor. Besides, only a minority of the reviewed studies report calibration of the diffusivity tensor against experimental or field observations. The fragmentation of existing methodologies exhibits a lack of scientific consensus. Promising approaches are highlighted and possible paths for improving the calibration, validation and transferability of the diffusivity coefficients are outlined.
A chip-scale second-harmonic source via self-injection-locked all-optical poling
Authors: Clementi Marco , Nitiss Edgars , Liu Junqiu , Durán-Valdeiglesias Elena , Belahsene Sofiane , Debrégeas Hélène , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Brès Camille-Sophie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSecond-harmonic generation allows for coherently bridging distant regions of the optical spectrum, with applications ranging from laser technology to self-referencing of frequency combs. However, accessing the nonlinear response of a medium typically requires high-power bulk sources, specific nonlinear crystals, and complex optical setups, hindering the path toward large-scale integration. Here we address all of these issues by engineering a chip-scale second-harmonic (SH) source based on the frequency doubling of a semiconductor laser self-injection-locked to a silicon nitride microresonator. The injection-locking mechanism, combined with a high-Q microresonator, results in an ultra-narrow intrinsic linewidth at the fundamental harmonic frequency as small as 41 Hz. Owing to the extreme resonant field enhancement, quasi-phase-matched second-order nonlinearity is photoinduced through the coherent photogalvanic effect and the high coherence is mapped on the generated SH field. We show how such optical poling technique can be engineered to provide efficient SH generation across the whole C and L telecom bands, in a reconfigurable fashion, overcoming the need for poling electrodes. Our device operates with milliwatt-level pumping and outputs SH power exceeding 2 mW, for an efficiency as high as 280%/W under electrical driving. Our findings suggest that standalone, highly-coherent, and efficient SH sources can be integrated in current silicon nitride photonics, unlocking the potential of χ(2) processes in the next generation of integrated photonic devices.
Sperm chromatin accessibility’s involvement in the intergenerational effects of stress hormone receptor activation
Authors: Fischer Vincent , Kretschmer Miriam , Germain Pierre-Luc , Kaur Jasmine , Mompart-Barrenechea Sergio , Pelczar Pawel , Schürmann David , Schär Primo , Gapp Katharina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDexamethasone is a stress hormone receptor agonist used widely in clinics. We and others previously showed that paternal administration of dexamethasone in mice affects the phenotype of their offspring. The substrate of intergenerational transmission of environmentally induced effects often involves changes in sperm RNA, yet other epigenetic modifications in the germline can be affected and are also plausible candidates. First, we tested the involvement of altered sperm RNAs in the transmission of dexamethasone induced phenotypes across generations. We did this by injecting sperm RNA into naïve fertilized oocytes, before performing metabolic and behavioral phenotyping of the offspring. We observed phenotypic changes in discordance with those found in offspring generated by in vitro fertilization using sperm from dexamethasone exposed males. Second, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on chromatin accessibility using ATAC sequencing and found significant changes at specific genomic features and gene regulatory loci. Employing q-RT-PCR, we show altered expression of a gene in the tissue of offspring affected by accessibility changes in sperm. Third, we establish a correlation between specific DNA modifications and stress hormone receptor activity as a likely contributing factor influencing sperm accessibility. Finally, we independently investigated this dependency by genetically reducing thymine-DNA glycosylase levels and observing concomitant changes at the level of chromatin accessibility and stress hormone receptor activity.
Real world data on outcomes of anti-CD38 antibody treated, including triple class refractory, patients with multiple myeloma: a multi-institutional report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) Database
Authors: Visram A. , De La Torre A. , White D. , Su J. , Masih-Khan E. , Chu M. , Jimenez-Zepeda V. , McCurdy A. , LeBlanc R. , Song K. , Mian H. , Louzada M. , Sebag M. , Bergstrom D. , Stakiw J. , Reiman A. , Kotb R. , Aslam M. , Venner C. , Kaedbey R. , Gul E. , Reece D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the availability of novel agents. This multi-center retrospective cohort study used the Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database to describe real-world outcomes of patients withanti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) refractory MM subsequently treated with standard of care (SoC) regimens. Patients with triple class refractory (TCR) disease (refractory to a proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug, and anti-CD38 mAb) were examined as a distinct cohort. Overall, 663 patients had disease progression on anti-CD38 mAb therapy, 466 received further treatment (346 with SoC regimens were included, 120 with investigational agents on clinical trial and were excluded). The median age at initiation of subsequent SoC therapy of 67.9 (range 39.6–89.6) years with a median of 3 prior lines (range 1–9). The median PFS and OS from the start of subsequent therapy was 4.6 (95% CI 4.1–5.6) months and 13.3 (95% CI 10.6–16.6) months, respectively. The median PFS and OS of patients with TCR disease (n = 199) was 4.4 (95% CI 3.6–5.3) months and 10.5 (95% CI 8.5–13.8) months. Our results reinforce that real-world patients with relapsed MM, particularly those with TCR disease, have dismal outcomes. There remains an urgent unmet need for the development of and access to effective therapeutics for these patients.
Local production of reactive oxygen species drives vincristine-induced axon degeneration
Authors: Gomez-Deza Jorge , Slavutsky Anastasia L. , Nebiyou Matthew , Le Pichon Claire E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNeurological side effects arising from chemotherapy, such as severe pain and cognitive impairment, are a major concern for cancer patients. These major side effects can lead to reduction or termination of chemotherapy medication in patients, negatively impacting their prognoses. With cancer survival rates improving dramatically, addressing side effects of cancer treatment has become pressing. Here, we use iPSC-derived human neurons to investigate the molecular mechanisms that lead to neurotoxicity induced by vincristine, a common chemotherapeutic used to treat solid tumors. Our results uncover a novel mechanism by which vincristine causes a local increase in mitochondrial proteins that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the axon. Vincristine triggers a cascade of axon pathology, causing mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to elevated axonal ROS levels and SARM1-dependent axon degeneration. Importantly, we show that the neurotoxic effect of increased axonal ROS can be mitigated by the small molecule mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) and antioxidants glutathione and mitoquinone, identifying a novel therapeutic avenue to treat the neurological effects of chemotherapy.
Human frataxin, the Friedreich ataxia deficient protein, interacts with mitochondrial respiratory chain
Authors: Doni Davide , Cavion Federica , Bortolus Marco , Baschiera Elisa , Muccioli Silvia , Tombesi Giulia , d’Ettorre Federica , Ottaviani Daniele , Marchesan Elena , Leanza Luigi , Greggio Elisa , Ziviani Elena , Russo Antonella , Bellin Milena , Sartori Geppo , Carbonera Donatella , Salviati Leonardo , Costantini Paola 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded GAA repeat in the first intron of the FXN gene, leading to transcriptional silencing and reduced expression of frataxin. Frataxin participates in the mitochondrial assembly of FeS clusters, redox cofactors of the respiratory complexes I, II and III. To date it is still unclear how frataxin deficiency culminates in the decrease of bioenergetics efficiency in FRDA patients’ cells. We previously demonstrated that in healthy cells frataxin is closely attached to the mitochondrial cristae, which contain both the FeS cluster assembly machinery and the respiratory chain complexes, whereas in FRDA patients’ cells with impaired respiration the residual frataxin is largely displaced in the matrix. To gain novel insights into the function of frataxin in the mitochondrial pathophysiology, and in the upstream metabolic defects leading to FRDA disease onset and progression, here we explored the potential interaction of frataxin with the FeS cluster-containing respiratory complexes I, II and III. Using healthy cells and different FRDA cellular models we found that frataxin interacts with these three respiratory complexes. Furthermore, by EPR spectroscopy, we observed that in mitochondria from FRDA patients’ cells the decreased level of frataxin specifically affects the FeS cluster content of complex I. Remarkably, we also found that the frataxin-like protein Nqo15 from T. thermophilus complex I ameliorates the mitochondrial respiratory phenotype when expressed in FRDA patient’s cells. Our data point to a structural and functional interaction of frataxin with complex I and open a perspective to explore therapeutic rationales for FRDA targeted to this respiratory complex.
YY1 modulates the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through KIF3B-mediated Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Chunyan , Li Zhe , Zhao Chuanxi , Yin Xiaoyang , Feng Lei , Wang Zhongtang , Liu Chengxin , Li Baosheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy is an important strategy in the comprehensive treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, effectiveness of radiotherapy is still restricted by radioresistance. Herein, we aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying ESCC radioresistance, for which we looked into the potential role of YY1. YY1 was upregulated in radioresistant tissues and correlated with poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. YY1 depletion enhanced the radiosensitivity of ESCC in vitro and in vivo. Multi-group sequencing showed that downregulation of YY1 inhibited the transcriptional activity of Kinesin Family Member 3B (KIF3B), which further activated the Hippo signaling pathway by interacting with Integrin-beta1 (ITGB1). Once the Hippo pathway was activated, its main effector, Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), was phosphorylated in the cytoplasm and its expression reduced in the nucleus, thus enhancing the radiosensitivity by regulating its targeted genes. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying ESCC radioresistance and highlights the potential role of YY1 as a therapeutic target for ESCC.
Heat shock protein HSPA13 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by stabilizing TANK
Authors: Cen Xuesong , Lu Yuyan , Lu Jing , Luo Changhong , Zhan Ping , Cheng Yizhe , Yang Fan , Xie Chengrong , Yin Zhenyu , Wang Fuqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHSPA13, an important member of the heat shock protein family, plays an essential role in the oncogenesis of many organs, but the mechanism and function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. In the present study, we found that HSPA13 was highly expressed in HCC and predicted poor clinical prognosis. Upregulation of HSPA13 was significantly associated with vascular invasion in HCC patients. Functionally, knockdown experiments demonstrated that HSPA13 promoted HCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistic investigation showed that HSPA13 could interact with TANK to inhibit its ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, the expression of HSPA13 and TANK were positively correlated in HCC tissues. To conclude, the present study uncovers the oncogenic function of HSPA13 in the progression of HCC by regulating the stability of TANK. These findings suggest that HSPA13 and TANK may serve as promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Light-enhanced osmotic energy generation with an aramid nanofiber membrane
Authors: Chen Cheng , Lin Yunxiao , Lei Weiwei , Yang Guoliang , Liu Yuchen , Xu Mao , Li Xinhao , Liu Dan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOsmotic energy generation with reverse electrodialysis through membranes provides a worldwide free energy resource. Photo-driven proton transport in photosynthesis supplies basal energy for plants and living organisms on the planet. Here, we utilized aramid nanofiber (ANF) semiconductor-based membranes to enable light-driven proton transport for osmotic energy generation. Under unilateral illumination, the light-driven proton transport system converted light energy into electrical energy and showed wavelength- and intensity-dependent transmembrane potentials and currents. Interestingly, the synergistic effects of simultaneous illumination and pressure provided a five-fold increase in the voltage and a three-fold increase in the current relative to pressure alone. Density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the ANF and photoinduced electrons enabled proton transport during illumination and generated a transmembrane potential and current. The light-driven proton transport system supports the development of devices with flexible and stable ANF membranes.
Plasmonic metasurfaces of cellulose nanocrystal matrices with quadrants of aligned gold nanorods for photothermal anti-icing
Authors: Pyeon Jeongsu , Park Soon Mo , Kim Juri , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Yoon Yong-Jin , Yoon Dong Ki , Kim Hyoungsoo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are intriguing as a matrix for plasmonic metasurfaces made of gold nanorods (GNRs) because of their distinctive properties, including renewability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and low cost. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to precisely regulate the positioning and orientation of CNCs on the substrate in a consistent pattern. In this study, CNCs and GNRs, which exhibit tunable optical and anti-icing capabilities, are employed to manufacture a uniform plasmonic metasurface using a drop-casting technique. Two physical phenomena—(i) spontaneous and rapid self-dewetting and (ii) evaporation-induced self-assembly—are used to accomplish this. Additionally, we improve the CNC-GNR ink composition and determine the crucial coating parameters necessary to balance the two physical mechanisms in order to produce thin films without coffee rings. The final homogeneous CNC-GNR film has consistent annular ring patterns with plasmonic quadrant hues that are properly aligned, which enhances plasmonic photothermal effects. The CNC-GNR multi-array platform offers above-zero temperatures on a substrate that is subcooled below the freezing point. The current study presents a physicochemical approach for functional nanomaterial-based CNC control.
A naturally occurring polyacetylene isolated from carrots promotes health and delays signatures of aging
Authors: Thomas Carolin , Erni Reto , Wu Jia Yee , Fischer Fabian , Lamers Greta , Grigolon Giovanna , Mitchell Sarah J. , Zarse Kim , Carreira Erick M. , Ristow Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo ameliorate or even prevent signatures of aging in ultimately humans, we here report the identification of a previously undescribed polyacetylene contained in the root of carrots (Daucus carota), hereafter named isofalcarintriol, which we reveal as potent promoter of longevity in the nematode C. elegans. We assign the absolute configuration of the compound as (3 S,8 R,9 R,E)-heptadeca-10-en-4,6-diyne-3,8,9-triol, and develop a modular asymmetric synthesis route for all E-isofalcarintriol stereoisomers. At the molecular level, isofalcarintriol affects cellular respiration in mammalian cells, C. elegans, and mice, and interacts with the α-subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Phenotypically, this also results in decreased mammalian cancer cell growth, as well as improved motility and stress resistance in C. elegans, paralleled by reduced protein accumulation in nematodal models of neurodegeneration. In addition, isofalcarintriol supplementation to both wild-type C57BL/6NRj mice on high-fat diet, and aged mice on chow diet results in improved glucose metabolism, increased exercise endurance, and attenuated parameters of frailty at an advanced age. Given these diverse effects on health parameters in both nematodes and mice, isofalcarintriol might become a promising mitohormesis-inducing compound to delay, ameliorate, or prevent aging-associated diseases in humans.
Characterization of nucleolar SUMO isopeptidases unveils a general p53-independent checkpoint of impaired ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Dönig Judith , Mende Hannah , Davila Gallesio Jimena , Wagner Kristina , Hotz Paul , Schunck Kathrin , Piller Tanja , Hölper Soraya , Uhan Sara , Kaulich Manuel , Wirth Matthias , Keller Ulrich , Tascher Georg , Bohnsack Katherine E. , Müller Stefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRibosome biogenesis is a multi-step process, in which a network of trans-acting factors ensures the coordinated assembly of pre-ribosomal particles in order to generate functional ribosomes. Ribosome biogenesis is tightly coordinated with cell proliferation and its perturbation activates a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint. How p53-independent signalling networks connect impaired ribosome biogenesis to the cell-cycle machinery has remained largely enigmatic. We demonstrate that inactivation of the nucleolar SUMO isopeptidases SENP3 and SENP5 disturbs distinct steps of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunit assembly pathways, thereby triggering the canonical p53-dependent impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint. However, inactivation of SENP3 or SENP5 also induces a p53-independent checkpoint that converges on the specific downregulation of the key cell-cycle regulator CDK6. We further reveal that impaired ribosome biogenesis generally triggers the downregulation of CDK6, independent of the cellular p53 status. Altogether, these data define the role of SUMO signalling in ribosome biogenesis and unveil a p53-independent checkpoint of impaired ribosome biogenesis.
A highly proton conductive perfluorinated covalent triazine framework via low-temperature synthesis
Authors: Guan Lijiang , Guo Zhaoqi , Zhou Qi , Zhang Jin , Cheng Cheng , Wang Shengyao , Zhu Xiang , Dai Sheng , Jin Shangbin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProton-conducting materials are essential to the emerging hydrogen economy. Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are promising proton-conducting materials at high temperatures but need more effective sites to strengthen interaction for proton carriers. However, their construction and design in a concise condition are still challenges. Herein, we show a low temperature approach to synthesize CTFs via a direct cyclotrimerization of aromatic aldehyde using ammonium iodide as facile nitrogen source. Among the CTFs, the perfluorinated CTF (CTF-TF) was successfully synthesized with much lower temperature ( ≤ 160 °C) and open-air atmosphere. Due to the additional hydrogen-bonding interaction between fluorine atoms and proton carriers (H3PO4), the CTF-TF achieves a proton conductivity of 1.82 × 10−1 S cm−1 at 150 °C after H3PO4 loading. Moreover, the CTF-TF can be readily integrated into mixed matrix membranes, displaying high proton conduction abilities and good mechanical strength. This work provides an alternative strategy for rational design of proton conducting media.
A class of secreted mammalian peptides with potential to expand cell-cell communication
Authors: Wiggenhorn Amanda L. , Abuzaid Hind Z. , Coassolo Laetitia , Li Veronica L. , Tanzo Julia T. , Wei Wei , Lyu Xuchao , Svensson Katrin J. , Long Jonathan Z. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeptide hormones and neuropeptides are signaling molecules that control diverse aspects of mammalian homeostasis and physiology. Here we provide evidence for the endogenous presence of a sequence diverse class of blood-borne peptides that we call “capped peptides.” Capped peptides are fragments of secreted proteins and defined by the presence of two post-translational modifications – N-terminal pyroglutamylation and C-terminal amidation – which function as chemical “caps” of the intervening sequence. Capped peptides share many regulatory characteristics in common with that of other signaling peptides, including dynamic physiologic regulation. One capped peptide, CAP-TAC1, is a tachykinin neuropeptide-like molecule and a nanomolar agonist of mammalian tachykinin receptors. A second capped peptide, CAP-GDF15, is a 12-mer peptide cleaved from the prepropeptide region of full-length GDF15 that, like the canonical GDF15 hormone, also reduces food intake and body weight. Capped peptides are a potentially large class of signaling molecules with potential to broadly regulate cell-cell communication in mammalian physiology.
Norepinephrine regulates calcium signals and fate of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Fiore Frederic , Alhalaseh Khaleel , Dereddi Ram R. , Bodaleo Torres Felipe , Çoban Ilknur , Harb Ali , Agarwal Amit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) generate oligodendrocytes, contributing to myelination and myelin repair. OPCs contact axons and respond to neuronal activity, but how the information relayed by the neuronal activity translates into OPC Ca2+ signals, which in turn influence their fate, remains unknown. We generated transgenic mice for concomitant monitoring of OPCs Ca2+ signals and cell fate using 2-photon microscopy in the somatosensory cortex of awake-behaving mice. Ca2+ signals in OPCs mainly occur within processes and confine to Ca2+ microdomains. A subpopulation of OPCs enhances Ca2+ transients while mice engaged in exploratory locomotion. We found that OPCs responsive to locomotion preferentially differentiate into oligodendrocytes, and locomotion-non-responsive OPCs divide. Norepinephrine mediates locomotion-evoked Ca2+ increases in OPCs by activating α1 adrenergic receptors, and chemogenetic activation of OPCs or noradrenergic neurons promotes OPC differentiation. Hence, we uncovered that for fate decisions OPCs integrate Ca2+ signals, and norepinephrine is a potent regulator of OPC fate.