bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcome and associated factors among adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in selected health centers in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Authors: Zerihun Mehiret , Mekonnen Hussen , Gebretensaye Tigistu Gebreyohannis 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
The success rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries is different than expected despite effective treatment. We evaluated treatment outcomes and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patient records of adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between January 1st, 2017, and December 31st, 2019 were reviewed. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 24-computer software was used for analysis. Participants’ characteristics were descriptively described, and Bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine independent variables related to clinical outcomes. The significance level was determined at p-value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence level.

Results
Six hundred thirty-six patient records with a mean age of 37.49± 2.99 were reviewed. The overall treatment success rate was 84.9%. Absence of comorbid illness [AOR = 0.444; 95% CI:0.219–0.900], non-smoking [AOR = 0.35; 95% CI:0.194–0.645], and being HIV negative [AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.106–0.460] were associated with successful treatment outcomes, whereas, not having treatment supporter [AOR = 15.68; 95% CI: 8.11–30.33] was associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome.

Conclusions
Treatment success in this study was below the average target set by WHO. HIV positivity, co-morbidities, and smoking increased risk of treatment failure. Patient education about cessation may improve treatment success.
Physical and psychological recovery after vaginal childbirth with and without epidural analgesia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Maeda Ayumi , Suzuki Rimu , Maurer Rie , Kurokawa Sumie , Kaneko Miki , Sato Rie , Nakajima Hiromi , Ogura Kyoko , Yamanaka Michiko , Uchida Tokujiro , Nagasaka Yasuko 
Published: October 2023

Background
Enhanced recovery is the gold standard in modern perioperative management, including that for cesarean deliveries. However, qualitative and quantitative data on the physical and psychological recovery of women after vaginal childbirth are limited. Whether neuraxial labor analgesia influences postpartum recovery is unknown.

Methods
Primiparous women anticipating a vaginal childbirth between January 2020 and May 2021 were enrolled. Women with major comorbidities or postpartum complications and those who underwent a cesarean delivery were excluded. Daily step count was measured using a wrist-worn activity tracker (FitbitTM Inspire HR) for 120 hours after vaginal childbirth. Subjective fatigue levels and health-related quality of life were assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L), respectively, at the 3rd trimester antenatal visit, on postpartum day 1 and 3, and at the one-month postpartum visit. Rest and dynamic pain scores and the location of pain were documented by participants during postpartum hospitalization.

Results
Among 300 women who were enrolled antenatally, 95 and 116 had a vaginal delivery without (NCB group) and with (EPL group) epidural analgesia, respectively. The median number of steps per 24 hours increased daily in both groups, and no significant difference was detected between the groups. Postpartum pain was mild overall, with median rest and dynamic pain scores being less than 4 and similar between the groups. MFI and EQ-5D-5L scores were the worst on postpartum day 1 in both groups and gradually improved to antepartum level by the one-month postpartum visit. Higher MFI score on postpartum day 1, but not the use of epidural analgesia, was associated with lower odds of achieving adequate postpartum ambulation (defined as >3500 steps between 48 and 72 hours postpartum).

Conclusion
The use of epidural analgesia was not associated with worse recovery outcomes during postpartum hospitalization.

Trial registration
UMIN-CTR, #UMIN000039343, registered on January 31, 2020.
Determinants of primary healthcare providers’ readiness for integration of ART services at departmental levels: A case study of Lira City and District, Uganda
Authors: Ikwara Emmanuel Asher , Nakero Lakeri , Anyolitho Maxson Kenneth , Isabirye Rogers , Namutebi Syliviah , Mwesiga Godfrey , Puleh Sean Steven 
Published: October 2023

Background
Decreasing or flattening funding for vertical HIV services means that new and innovative ways of providing care are necessary. This study aimed to assess the determinants of readiness for integration of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) services at the departmental level among primary health care providers (PHCP) at selected health facilities in Lira District.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey employing mixed methods approaches was conducted between January and February 2022 among 340 primary healthcare practitioners (PHCP) at selected health facilities in Lira district. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Stata version 15. and presented as proportions, means, percentages, frequencies, and odds ratios. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of the factors with readiness for ART integration at a 95% level of significance. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.

Results
The majority 75.2% (95% CI; 0.703–0.795) of the respondents reported being ready for the integration of ART services. PHCPs who were aware of the integration of services and those who had worked in the same facility for at least 6 years had higher odds of readiness for integration of ART, compared with their counterparts [aOR = 7.36; 95% CI = 3.857–14.028, p-value <0.001] for knowledge and duration at the current facility [aOR = 2.92; 95% CI = 1.293–6.599, p-value < 0.05] respectively. From the qualitative data, the dominant view was that integration is a good thing that should be implemented immediately. However, several challenges were noted, key among which include limited staffing and drug supplies at the facilities, coupled with limited space.

Conclusions
The study reveals a high level of readiness for the integration of ART services at departmental levels among Primary Healthcare Providers. Notably, PHCPs knowledgeable about integration and those who spent at least six years at the current health facility of work, were strong determinants for the integration of ART services in resource limited settings. In light of these findings, we recommend that policymakers prioritize the implementation of training programs aimed at upskilling healthcare workers. Furthermore, we advocate that a cluster randomized controlled trial be conducted, to evaluate the long-term effects of this integration on overall health outcomes.
Lactulose vs Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Preparation: A Single-Center, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Study Based on BMI
Authors: Wenqi Sun , Bei Zhao , Yunrong Wang , Xinrong Wu , Yifan Li , Weiwei Wang , Muhan Ni , Peng Yan , Xiaotan Dou , Wen Li , Hua Yang , Lei Wang , Min Chen 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Colonoscopy is currently considered as one of the principal techniques to diagnose the colorectal diseases. Admittedly, qualified bowel preparation before colonoscopy is a premise for high-quality examination. Lower quality bowel preparation might seriously impede visualization of the intestinal mucosa, resulting in missed and misdiagnosed intestinal lesions. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the appropriate oral laxative based on the guarantee of safety and efficacy.

METHODS:
This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to compare lactulose oral solution and polyethylene glycol (PEG) electrolyte powder for bowel preparation using the following indicators: Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, Bowel Bubble Score, detection rate of adenoma and lesion, patients' satisfaction, and adverse effects. Our study investigated the suitability of 2 bowel preparation reagents for patients with different body mass indices mainly based on body mass index (BMI).

RESULTS:
In the lactulose group, there was a significant improvement in the quality of bowel preparation compared with those in the PEG group (P < 0.05), especially in people with normal BMI and higher BMI. Compared with the PEG group, individuals in the lactulose group had a significantly higher adenoma detection rate (50% vs 33.5%, P < 0.05) and taste scores (8.82 vs 6.69, P < 0.05), as well as significantly fewer adverse reactions (6.5% vs 32.5%, P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
Lactulose oral solution is superior to PEG in bowel preparation quality and taste, especially in normal BMI and higher BMI groups. It can be used clinically as a potential and promising bowel preparation agent in the future. Clinical Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100054318.
KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN DELIK KESUSILAAN DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Pratama Dida Agustia , Soponyono Eko , Sularto R. B. 
Published: October 2023

Indonesia sebagai negara yang merdeka dan berdaulat harus mempunyai KUHP sendiri, guna menanggulangi kejahatan yang kian hari terus meningkat dan juga untuk disesuaikannya dengan filosofi dan kultur masyarakat Indonesia. Pembaharuan hukum pidana sebagai suatu upaya untuk melakukan reorientasi dan reformasi hukum pidana yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai sentral sosio politik, sosio filosofi dan sosio kultural masyarakat Indonesia yang melandasi kebijakan soosial, kebijakan kriminal dan kebijakan penegakan hukum Indonesia. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai kebijakan hukum pidana mengenai delik kesusilaan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif , namun juga digunakan pendekatan yuridis historis untuk melihat penerapan hukum yang sudah dilakukan terdahulu agar berkaitan dengan adanya proses pembaharuan hukum pidana. Penelitian ini juga membandingkan antara Konsep KUHP yang mengatur delik kesusilaan dengan KUHP Malaysia dan KUHP Singapura. Hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa delik kesusilaan yang diatur dalam Konsep KUHP masih terdapat sebagian dari ketentuan perbuatan terhadap delik kesusilaan yang masih dirumuskan dengan perluasan, penambahan dan penyempurnaan. Disamping itu dalam KUHP delik kesusilaan masih dikatagorikan kedalam bentuk kejahatan dan pelanggaran sedangkan Konsep menggunakan istilah tindak pidana kesusilaan. Sedangkan dalam perbandingan negara lain, pada dasarnya Konsep KUHP Indonesia maupun dengan KUHP Malaysia dan Singapura kesemuaanya mengatur tentang tindak pidana kesusilaan hanya jenis tindak pidana dan sanksinya saja yang berbeda.
Environmental Deterioration and Environmental Education: The Challenge of Climate Change
Authors: Ikporukpo Chris O. 
Published: October 2023

The challenge of anthropogenic climate change has attracted considerable attention, particularly from the United Nations. The United Nations has through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Conference of the Parties devised several strategies to address Climate Change. Environmental Education and the associated Education for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Education, have been promoted as strategies. The conceptualisation and employment of these ideals, whose emergence and significance are closely related to the concern for environmental deterioration, have been of considerable interest. Be that as it may, there are several obstacles in the effective employment of Environmental Education/Climate Change Education in addressing the climate crisis. These include the perspectives promoted by climate change sceptics and deniers, the reluctance/refusal of the Global North to accept responsibility for climate action based on a reparation principle, the insistence of the Global South on climate justice, and unorganised climate action laggards or inactive individuals and groups. Aggressive and effective Climate Change Education is necessary in order to achieve the UN’s objectives of 1.5 degrees centigrade and the Net-Zero objectives.
Preferred language and diagnostic errors in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Lowe Jeremiah T. , Leonard Jan , Dominguez Fidelity , Widmer Kaitlin , Deakyne Davies Sara J. , Wiersma Alexandria J. , Mendenhall Marcela , Grubenhoff Joseph A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the relationship between language and diagnostic errors (DxE) in the pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods
Electronic trigger identified ED encounters resulting in unplanned hospital admission that occurred within 10 days of an index visit from January 2018 through February 2022. Manual screening of each triggered encounter identified cases where the index visit diagnosis and hospitalization discharge diagnosis differed, and these were screened in for review using the Revised Safer Dx instrument to determine if a diagnostic error (DxE) occurred. Non-English primary language (NEPL) and English-proficient (EP) groups were established based on caregiver language. The primary outcome was the proportion of DxE each group. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of DxE.

Results
Electronic trigger identified 3,551 patients, of which 806 (22.7 %) screened in for Safer Dx review. 172 (21.3 %) experienced DxE. The proportion of DxE was similar between EP and NEPL groups (21.5 vs. 21.7 %; p=0.97). Age≥12 years and fewer prior admissions in the preceding 6 months predicted higher odds of DxE. NEPL did not predict higher odds of DxE.

Conclusions
NEPL was not associated with increased odds DxE resulting in unplanned admission.
The Commencement of Prescription (and what the Consumer’s Awareness of the Unfairness is) within the Unfair Contract Terms Directive
Authors: Ruiz Arranz Antonio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Directive 93/13/ECC does not regulate prescription periods. However, some parameters can be drawn from the effectiveness principle that national legislation must consider in order to comply with Directive 93/13. This paper argues that the commencement of prescription for restitutionary claims following the unfairness of a term within the Directive 93/13 is determined with a reasonable discoverability criterion concerning the unfairness of the term. A consumer is able to discover the unfairness from the moment when a litigation context concerning the term in question arises. The commencement of prescription cannot be postponed until a court of last resort has decided over the issue on the unfairness.182
EU Contract Case Law, April–June 2023
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio , de Almeida Lucila Gabriel , Winter Arthur 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of April 2023 and the end of June 2023. Out of a total of 155 judgments decided in this period, 55 had a contract law dimension.
Postoperative intussusception: a rare but critical complication in adult patients with Crohn’s disease – case report and literature review
Authors: Eschlböck Sophie M. , Weixler Benjamin , Weidinger Carl , Pozios Ioannis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Postoperative entero-enteric intussusception is a rare complication in adult patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). The knowledge of this distinct complication and its timely diagnosis and therapy are of utmost importance to prevent fatal intestinal necrosis. There is no consensus about the optimal management of postoperative entero–enteric intussusception, although surgical exploration is widely advised.

Case presentation
In this report we describe an unusual case of postoperative jejuno–jejunal intussusception following small bowel resection in a patient with stricturing CD. Furthermore, this report offers an overview of the available literature and summarizes the best approach and management strategies for adult intussusception associated with CD.

Conclusions
Delay in diagnosis and therapy can lead to life-threatening complications. Early diagnosis and emergent surgical treatment prevent intestinal necrosis and reduce the risk of short bowel syndrome.
Growth hormone use in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Crisci Melissa , Vellanki Srisindu , Baldassano Robert N. , Chen Yong , Liu Yu-Lun , Stein Ronen , Hatch-Stein Jacquelyn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Impaired linear growth is a known complication of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the use of growth hormone (GH) in this population is not well-described. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether growth hormone use in pediatric IBD leads to improved height outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of patients with IBD aged 0–21 years followed at a single center between 2018 and 2021 treated with at least 1 year of GH. Records collected included demographics, IBD phenotype, IBD disease activity scores, medications, weight z-score, height z-score, bone age, and details of GH therapy including testing for GH deficiency. The primary outcome measure was change in height z-score after 1 year of GH treatment.

Results
Forty-six patients were identified and 18 were excluded. Of the 28 patients included (7 female; 25.0 %), 26 (92.9 %) had a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) and 2 (7.1 %) had ulcerative colitis (UC). The mean (SD) age at GH initiation was 9.6 (3.4) years. Among all participants, there was a significant mean difference in height z-score from baseline to 1 year on therapy (−2.25 vs. −1.50, respectively; difference, 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.56 to 0.94; p<0.001). Among the 19 subjects that completed GH therapy there was a significant mean difference between baseline and final height z-scores (−2.41 vs. −0.77, respectively; difference, 1.64; 95 % CI, 1.30 to 1.98; p<0.001).

Conclusions
GH use was associated with improved height outcomes. The pediatric IBD patients in this cohort had significant improvements in height z-scores both after one year on therapy and at completion of GH therapy.
Effects of land use and slope position on selected soil physicochemical properties in Tekorsh Sub-Watershed, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Bayle Dilnesa , Feyissa Samuel , Tamiru Solomon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the Tekorsh Sub-Watershed, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia, researchers investigated the impact of land use patterns and slope position on selected soil physico-chemical parameters. The study area was arbitrarily divided into three slope positions (higher, middle, and lower), two land uses types (grazing and cultivated land), and two soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) with three replications, based on the in situ field survey. For laboratory analysis, a total of 36 composite samples were obtained. Sand, clay, and silt fraction were highly significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the interaction effect of the three factors. Clay and clay loam were the textural classes of the soil in the study area. The interaction effects of the three factors were highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) affected bulk density (D
b), total porosity (TP), organic carbon (OC), available phosphorus (AP), exchangeable (Mg2+, Ca2+, and acidity), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn). The soils were medium to high (1.22–1.44 g/cm3) in D
b, very high (45.66–63.13%) in TP, medium to high (15.72–19.56% v/v) in available water holding capacity, low to medium (1.37–2.91%) in OC, very low (1.65–7.68 mg/kg) in AP, high (4.62–5.36 cmol(+)/kg) in exchangeable Mg2+, very high in CEC (43.60–51.06 cmol(+)/kg), Fe (25.20–52.91 mg/kg), Mn (37.29–105.55 mg/kg), Cu (4.04–7.87 kg/kg), and Zn (0.83 2.53 kg/kg). In general, it was discovered that the majority of the assessed soil properties were better in grazing land than in soils utilized for cultivated land uses, and that the lower slope position was preferable to the upper and middle ones.
From Legal Protection towards Animal Rights: Between Moral and Legal Consciousness. Evolution of Approach on the Example of Administrative Case Law
Authors: Kalisz Anna , Pawlicka Dorota 
Published: October 2023

This article undertakes to analyse the possibility and necessity of empowering animals, as ‘non-personal’ subjects of law, with subjectivity in Polish Law, and to indicate the relevant case-law of the courts (inter alia, administrative courts) in this regard. This article was prepared as part of the framework of the National Science Centre funded research project No. 2017/27/L/HS5/03245 Constitutional Consciousness as a Remedy for the Crisis of Discourse and Democracy Deficit in the European Union (No. DEC-2017/27/L/HS5/03245).
PERSONAL FACTORS OF STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION IN CONDITIONS OF USING DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: SALYUK M. , DRUK M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Objective. This research was conducted to to theoretically analyse and empirically investigate the personal factors of students' academic procrastination in the context of distance learning technologies.
Methods. The subjects were 63 students from different faculties and educational institutions, aged from 17 to 45, who are using distance learning technologies. Among them 55 females and 7 males. Data were gathered through C. Lay's General Procrastination Scale (adapted by T. Yu. Yudyeyeva), «The reasons for the personal tendency to delay tasks» (M. S. Dvornyk), «Scale of Academic Motivation» (T. O. Hordyeyeva, O. A. Sychov, Ye. M. Osin), 5PFQ (adapted by A. B. Khromov), J. Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (adapted by A. Syrtsova), Self-Change Potential questionnaire (V. R. Manukyan, I. R. Murtazina, N. V. Hrishyna) and were analyzed by the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Mann–Whitney U test and k-means cluster analysis.
Results. The results showed that there was a meaningful and negative relation between academic procrastination and «conscientiousness», future orientation, belief in possibility of self-change as a factor of self-change potential. Besides, a meaningful and positive relation was observed between academic procrastination and «neuroticism», negative past orientation, extrinsic motivation.
Conclusion. The results of the research can be recommended for application in the practical work of psychologists, in psychology of personality, creative psychology, psychology of health and social psychology. It also can be useful in the practice of correction and counseling psychology.
The results of the study can be used to develop programs of reducing and prevention of students' academic procrastination in the context of distance learning technologies.