bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measured pulmonary oxygen consumption: difference between systemic oxygen uptake measured by the reverse Fick method and indirect calorimetry in cardiac surgery
Authors: Peyton P. J. , Robinson G. J. B. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryMeasurement of oxygen uptake by indirect calorimetry was compared with the reverse Fick method in a series of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Oxygen uptake measurements for indirect calorimetry were made using a calibrated measurement system utilizing the Haldane transformation in a simple semiclosed breathing system based upon a modified Bain circuit. Pulmonary blood flow for the reverse Fick method was measured using bolus thermodilution. The results were (mean [standard deviation]): indirect calorimetry 167[26] ml.min−1, and reverse Fick 148[27] ml.min−1. Indirect calorimetry overestimated the reverse Fick value by 11.3% (p < 0.001). These results are consistent with the findings of previous studies in similar patient groups and are explained by lung tissue oxygen consumption.
Comparison of fibreoptic‐guided orotracheal intubation through classic and single‐use laryngeal mask airways*
Authors: Danha R. F. , Thompson J. L. , Popat M. T. , Pandit J. J. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryWe compared times to intubate the trachea orally and success rates using two fibreoptically assisted techniques in 42 healthy patients with normal airways using (a) a 6.0‐mm nasal RAE tracheal tube passed through a classic laryngeal mask airway (CLMA group) or (b) a 6.0‐mm nasal RAE tracheal tube passed through a new disposable Portex Soft Seal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA group). The mean (SD) total intubation times were 82 (14) and 80 (17) s, respectively (p = 0.55). The success rates for intubation at the first attempt were similar (17/21 in the CLMA vs. 16/21 in the PLMA group; p = 0.50). We conclude that there is no clinically significant difference between the times to intubate the trachea or success rates using these two devices, but there may be other more subtle measures which might influence the choice of device in clinical practice. Finally, in the course of this study we developed a grading scale to describe the laryngeal views obtained when using a fibrescope passed through supraglottic airway devices.
Failed tracheal intubation in obstetrics: no more frequent but still managed badly
Authors: Rahman K. , Jenkins J. G. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryIn the South‐West Thames region of the United Kingdom, during a 5‐year period from 1999 to 2003, there were 20 failed tracheal intubations occurring in 4768 obstetric general anaesthetics (incidence 1 : 238). In half of the 16 cases for which the patient's notes could be examined there was a failure to follow an accepted protocol for failed tracheal intubation.
A programme for reducing smoking in pre‐operative surgical patients: randomised controlled trial*
Authors: Wolfenden L. , Wiggers J. , Knight J. , Campbell E. , Rissel C. , Kerridge R. , Spigelman A. D. , Moore K. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryWe assessed the efficacy of a comprehensive programme for stopping smoking in 210 smokers scheduled for surgery, before admission and 3 months after attending a pre‐operative clinic. Participants were randomly allocated to receive an intervention incorporating nicotine replacement therapy for patients smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day (‘dependent smokers’), or to a control group to receive usual care. Dependent smokers allocated to the intervention group were more likely to report abstinence before surgery than those allocated to receive usual‐care (63 (73%) vs. 29 (56%), respectively; OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.0–4.8)), and 3 months after attendance (16 (18%) vs. 3 (5%), respectively; OR = 3.9 (95% CI 1.0–21.7).
Olopatadine hydrochloride suppresses the rebound phenomenon after discontinuation of treatment with a topical steroid in mice with chronic contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Tamura T. , Matsubara M. , Hasegawa K. , Ohmori K. , Karasawa A. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground
Olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine; Allelock®) is one of the second‐generation antihistamines that are treated for allergic disorders such as rhinitis, urticaria and eczema dermatitis. Olopatadine has recently been shown to have inhibitory effects on the chronic contact hypersensitivity induced by repeated application of oxazolone in mice. Although topical steroids have widely been prescribed for atopic dermatitis, a relapse often occurs within several days after discontinuation of their prolonged use.Objectives
We investigated the possible efficacy of olopatadine against the relapse after discontinuation of prolonged use of topical prednisolone in the Balb/c mice with oxazolone‐induced chronic contact hypersensitivity.Methods
Mice with the chronic contact hypersensitivity induced by repeated application of oxazolone were treated with olopatadine as a sequential therapeutic agent. The effects of olopatadine were quantified by measurements of ear‐swelling, and levels of cytokines and histamine in the lesioned ear.Results
Topical prednisolone (0.05 mg/ear/day) significantly inhibited the increases in ear swelling and production of IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐18, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and histamine. However, after discontinuation of the treatment with topical prednisolone, the inflammation relapsed and the IL‐4 level exceeded the control one. The sequential treatment with olopatadine (10 mg/kg/day) after discontinuation of the treatment with topical prednisolone alone, or topical prednisolone with olopatadine, significantly inhibited the increases in ear swelling and levels of IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐18, GM‐CSF, nerve growth factor and histamine.Conclusions
These results indicate that olopatadine is an antihistamine agent having inhibitory activities against the rebound phenomenon following the discontinuation of topical steroid therapy. Olopatadine is thus expected to be a sequential therapeutic agent after discontinuation of the chronic treatment with a topical steroid.
Talon cusp in a primary lateral incisor from a medieval child
Authors: MAYS S. 
Published: January 2005

Summary.This paper describes talon cusp in an ancient skeleton and is a rare report of its occurrence in a primary lateral incisor. As well as talon cusp, the affected incisor also shows abnormal widening, probably representing a double tooth. There is also a supernumerary permanent incisor. The report shows that talon cusp existed in British populations more than 600 years before the first written description. A brief review of the literature on the occurrence of talon cusp in the primary dentition is presented.
Teaching oral hygiene to children with autism
Authors: PILEBRO C. , BÄCKMAN B. 
Published: January 2005

Summary.Background.  The need for improved oral hygiene routines in individuals with disabilities has been documented in many reports. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether visual pedagogy is a suitable way to teach children with autism how to brush their teeth.Methods.  The investigation took the form of a prospective study including clinical examinations and structured interviews. Based on visual pedagogy, a series of pictures were produced that showed a structured method and technique of tooth brushing. The pictures were placed in the bathroom or wherever tooth brushing was performed. Fourteen children with autism aged between 5 and 13 years (mean age = 9·3 years), and their parents participated.Results.  Before the study, all parents found it difficult/very difficult to maintain good oral hygiene in their child. All children had visible plaque on their maxillary incisors and canines. After 12 months, the amount of visible plaque was reduced. After 18 months, most parents found maintaining good oral hygiene easier than before the study. All but one child/parent adopted the programme.Conclusions.  Visual pedagogy is a useful tool in helping people with autism to improve their oral hygiene.
Clinical performance of a non‐rinse conditioning sealant in three paediatric dental practices: a retrospective study
Authors: RAM D. , MAMBER E. , FUKS A. B. 
Published: January 2005

Summary.The present clinical retrospective study describes the retention rates of a compomer sealant (Dyract Seal, Dentsply‐De Trey, Germany) with non‐rinse conditioning (NRC) placed in three paediatric dentistry practices. Three hundred and seventeen sealants were applied in 220 primary and 97 permanent molars of 176 children aged 2·5–13 years. The tooth surface was freshened with a #1/2 round bur mounted on a slow speed engine, and isolated with cotton rolls. Application of the NRC and Dyract Seal followed the manufacturer's instructions. Sealant retention was classified as A (fully retained), B (partially lost) or C (completely missing). From a total of 220 sealants placed in primary molars, 38 were in the mouth between 12 and 18 months, 29 functioned between 19 and 24 months and 46 were followed up between 25 and 36 months. One hundred and thirteen (51%) were fully retained (A), 73 (33%) scored B (27 for 12–18 months; 20 for 19–24 months, 26 for 25–36 months) and 34 (16%) were lost and scored C (12 for 12–18 months; 12 for 19–24 months; 10 for 25–36 months). From a total of 97 sealed permanent molars, 45 (46%) were fully retained (score A). Of these, 25 were followed up for 12–18 months, 10 for 19–24 months and 10 for 25–36 months. Thirty‐eight sealed permanent molars (19%) scored B [17 for 12–18 months, 10 for 19–24 months and seven for 25–36 months and 14 (15%) were completely lost (score C: 6 for 12–18 months, seven for 19–24 months and two for 25–36 months)]. Dyract Seal has a lower retention rate than conventional sealants. It may be appropriate for sealing primary molars of very young children for a limited period of time and for permanent molars of children with pronounced gag reflex, where rinsing can become a problem and lead to disruptive behaviour.
Randomized, controlled trial comparing the retention of a flowable restorative system with a conventional resin sealant: one‐year follow up
Authors: CORONA S. A. M. , BORSATTO M. C. , GARCIA L. , RAMOS R. P. , PALMA‐DIBB R. G. 
Published: January 2005

Summary.This clinical trial evaluated the retention rate of a flowable restorative system (Bond 1 + Flow‐It!) used as a pit‐and‐fissure sealant compared with a conventional filled resin sealant (Fluroshield) over a 1‐year period.Method.  Using a half‐mouth design, 160 sealants (80 in primary and 80 in permanent teeth) were placed on sound first/second primary molars and first permanent molars of 40 children aged between 4 and 7 years. For both primary and permanent dentitions, half the teeth (n = 40) were sealed with Fluroshield and half (n = 40) with Bond 1 + Flow‐It!. Teeth were evaluated at baseline, 6‐ and 12‐month intervals.Results.  For both materials, there was no total loss of sealants placed on either the primary or permanent molars over 1 year. From Fluroshield sealants placed on primary teeth, 33 were completely intact after 6 months and 31 after 1 year. From those placed on permanent molars, no loss of material was observed after 6 months, while partial loss was noticed on 5% of teeth at 1‐year recall. For Flow‐It! resin applied on primary molars, partial loss of material was observed in only 1 sealant after 6 months and in 2 sealants after 1 year. On permanent teeth, 100% retention rate was observed over a 1‐year follow up. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0·01) between the sealing materials on primary but not permanent teeth, and, overall, Flow‐It! sealants presented a higher retention rate at both 6‐month and 1‐year evaluations. Significant differences (P < 0·01) between baseline and the other evaluation periods were also observed.Conclusion.  It may be concluded that the flowable restorative system yielded optimal retention on both primary and permanent molars. Its retention rate was significantly higher than that of the conventional pit‐and‐fissure sealant on primary teeth.
Relationship between oral parafunctional/nutritive sucking habits and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in primary dentition
Authors: CASTELO P. M. , GAVIÃO M. B. D. , PEREIRA L. J. , BONJARDIM L. R. 
Published: January 2005

Summary.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritive and parafunctional habits and the presence of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) in children with primary dentition.Methods.  Ninety nine children, aged 3–5 years, were examined to check for the presence or absence of signs and symptoms of TMD (headache, preauricular pain, earache, masticatory muscle tenderness, deviation on opening, occlusal interference and asymmetric movement of the mandible), oral parafunctions (bruxism, nail biting, finger/thumb sucking, speech alteration, mouth breathing, pacifier and atypical swallowing) and nutritive habits (breast‐ or bottle‐feeding) through interview and clinical examination. The results were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and Fisher's exact test.Results.  The results showed that only atypical swallowing was positively related to TMD (P < 0·0001); other oral parafunctional and nutritive habits were not related to TMD.Conclusions.  It was concluded that parafunctional habits, with the exception of atypical swallowing, and feeding methods were not determinants for the presence of signs and/or symptoms of TMD in the sample of children included in the study.
The potential role of plant oxygen and sulphide dynamics in die‐off events of the tropical seagrass, Thalassia testudinum
Authors: BORUM J. , PEDERSEN O. , GREVE T. M. , FRANKOVICH T. A. , ZIEMAN J. C. , FOURQUREAN J. W. , MADDEN C. J. 
Published: January 2005

Summary

Oxygen and sulphide dynamics were examined, using microelectrode techniques, in meristems and rhizomes of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum at three different sites in Florida Bay, and in the laboratory, to evaluate the potential role of internal oxygen variability and sulphide invasion in episodes of sudden die‐off. The sites differed with respect to shoot density and sediment composition, with an active die‐off occurring at only one of the sites.
Meristematic oxygen content followed similar diel patterns at all sites with high oxygen content during the day and hyposaturation relative to the water column during the night. Minimum meristematic oxygen content was recorded around sunrise and varied among sites, with values close to zero at the die‐off site.
Gaseous sulphide was detected within the sediment at all sites but at different concentrations among sites and within the die‐off site. Spontaneous invasion of sulphide into Thalassia rhizomes was recorded at low internal oxygen partial pressure during darkness at the die‐off site.
A laboratory experiment showed that the internal oxygen dynamics depended on light availability, and hence plant photosynthesis, and on the oxygen content of the water column controlling passive oxygen diffusion from water column to leaves and below‐ground tissues in the dark.
Sulphide invasion only occurred at low internal oxygen content, and the rate of invasion was highly dependent on the oxygen supply to roots and rhizomes. Sulphide was slowly depleted from the tissues when high oxygen partial pressures were re‐established through leaf photosynthesis. Coexistence of sulphide and oxygen in the tissues and the slow rate of sulphide depletion suggest that sulphide reoxidation is not biologically mediated within the tissues of Thalassia.
Our results support the hypothesis that internal oxygen stress, caused by low water column oxygen content or poor plant performance governed by other environmental factors, allows invasion of sulphide and that the internal plant oxygen and sulphide dynamics potentially are key factors in the episodes of sudden die‐off in beds of Thalassia testudinum. Root anoxia followed by sulphide invasion may be a more general mechanism determining the growth and survival of other rooted plants in sulphate‐rich aquatic environments.
Slow plants in a fast forest: local dispersal as a predictor of species frequencies in a dynamic landscape
Authors: MATLACK GLENN R. 
Published: January 2005

Summary

Regional distributions of plants could be determined by local dispersal processes or by extreme long‐range dispersal. The importance of dispersal scale was examined by comparing regional frequencies of 36 forest herbs with predicted frequencies generated by a dynamic landscape model that only allowed local dispersal. The model was parameterized to land use turnover in south‐eastern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware, USA, for the period of 300 years since initial forest clearance.
The model successfully predicted the frequencies of fleshy fruited and ant‐dispersed forest herbs in the modern landscape, but failed to predict frequencies of adhesive species or of all species considered together. No attempt was made to predict the frequency of wind‐dispersed species, which were infrequent in these forests.
Frequencies of species in the modern landscape appeared to be controlled by the time available for spread after emerging from a period of low habitat frequency in the 19th century.
Species dispersed by ingestion of fruits were more abundant than predicted, probably due to gap‐crossing by animal dispersal vectors. Ingested species appear to have spread at a rate only achievable by modelled species in an artificially long time frame.
The predictive power of a model based on local dispersal implies that extreme long‐range dispersal is rare on the time‐scale of human land use and does not significantly influence regional distributions.
Predicted frequencies were ≤ 20% for all species, consistent with an observed decline in forest species diversity. Herb species impoverishment can be interpreted as a distinct vegetational condition created by 18th‐century forest clearance, which will probably be detectable for at least another century.
Seed dispersal ability appears to be critical to the regional survival of forest herb species. At the spatial and temporal scales of human land use, slow‐migrating species, and those unable to cross gaps, may be in danger of regional extinction.
Development and psychometric properties of the Individualized Care Scale
Authors: Suhonen Riitta , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Välimäki Maritta 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  In this study we describe the development of the Individualized Care Scale (ICS) and evaluate its validity, psychometric properties and feasibility. The ICS was designed to measure patients’ views on how individuality is supported through specific nursing interventions (ICA) and how they perceive individuality in their own care (ICB) during hospitalization.Method  Three different data sets were collected among patients being discharged from hospital (n1 = 203, n2 = 279, n3 = 454). This bipartite 38‐item ICS promises to be a brief, timely, easy to administer and useful self‐completion measure for evaluating clinical nursing practice from the patient's point of view.Results  The findings supported the internal consistency reliability of the ICS (alpha 0.94 for ICA and ICB 0.93) and the three subscales (alphas 0.85–0.90). Item analysis supported the item construction of each scale. Content validity was furthered by a critical literature review and four expert analyses. Principal component analysis (Promax with Kaiser normalization) among earlier factor analyses supported construct validity by generating a three‐factor solution which accounted for 65% of the variance in the ICA and 61% in the ICB. Pearson's correlation coefficients were at least 0.88 between the subscales and the total domain ICA or ICB.Conclusions  The ICS has demonstrated promise as a tool for measuring patients’ evaluations of their hospital experience and individuality in care.
Evaluation of a service development to increase detection of urinary tract infections in children
Authors: Cunningham Anne Marie , Edwards Adrian , Jones Kate Verrier , Bourdeaux Kate , Willock Jane , Barnes Rosemary 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  It is suspected that childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) remains under‐diagnosed in primary care, and is consequently the cause of subsequent morbidity from renal scarring, hypertension and eventual renal failure. Practice‐based education and service developments were undertaken to try to improve the detection of childhood UTI.Methods  A controlled before‐and‐after intervention study was conducted. The educational and service developments promoted awareness of and greater testing for UTI among children less than two years of age presenting with febrile illness or other potentially relevant symptoms or signs. Appropriate diagnostic equipment was provided.Results and conclusions  More urine samples were sent by the intervention practices but without a concomitant increase in detection of UTIs. This may indicate that current practice is approaching near maximal detection of UTI in young children.
Neoparamoeba branchiphila n. sp., and related species of the genus Neoparamoeba Page, 1987: morphological and molecular characterization of selected strains
Authors: Dyková I , Nowak B F , Crosbie P B B , Fiala I , Pecková H , Adams M B , Macháčková B , Dvořáková H 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA total of 18 Neoparamoeba strains were characterized both morphologically and using the SSU rRNA gene sequences as molecular markers. Nine were isolated from gills of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., six from sediments sampled in areas of sea‐cage farms and three from net material of sea‐cages. The newly obtained sequences extended substantially the dataset of Neoparamoeba strains available for phylogenetic analyses, which were used to infer taxonomic relatedness among 32 strains morphologically assigned to this genus. In addition to the N. pemaquidensis and N. aestuarina clades, phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished a third clade with sequences from six strains. Members of this clade are characterized as representatives of a new species, N. branchiphila n. sp. The diagnostic primers for the identification of this species are introduced.
Food provision and the meal situation in elderly care – outcomes in different social contexts
Authors: Sydner Y. M. , Fjellström C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground  Nutritional problems concerning older people in care can be affected both by their illness and by the standard procedures surrounding food provision, for example rigid routines of food supply and ritualized mealtime situations.Method  The aim was to study how organizational structure and staff members’ routines and actions influence activities related to food and meals in different caring context in Sweden. The qualitative methodology chosen for this study was participant observation.Result  Care recipients were given different opportunities concerning what, how, when and with whom to eat, depending on where their meals were served. In restaurants, older people could choose from several foods and they could also choose the time of and company for the meal. At care units with ‘part‐of‐day’ care or ‘around‐the‐clock’ care, food choices, time and company were limited, especially at the units with ‘around‐the‐clock’ care, where the most ailing older people lived.Conclusions  Food provision and the mealtime situation for the elderly are shaped by the individual's living arrangements, and the social organization surrounding it, not determined by the individual's needs and wishes, including social and cultural meanings of food and meals, which could, thereby, affect nutritional intake.