bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pearson‐type goodness‐of‐fit test for stationary and time‐continuous Markov regression models
Authors: Aguirre‐Hernández R. , Farewell V. T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMarkov regression models describe the way in which a categorical response variable changes over time for subjects with different explanatory variables. Frequently it is difficult to measure the response variable on equally spaced discrete time intervals. Here we propose a Pearson‐type goodness‐of‐fit test for stationary Markov regression models fitted to panel data. A parametric bootstrap algorithm is used to study the distribution of the test statistic. The proposed technique is applied to examine the fit of a Markov regression model used to identify markers for disease progression in psoriatic arthritis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender and stress: is gender role stress? A re‐examination of the relationship between feminine gender role stress and eating disorders
Authors: Bekker Marrie H. J. , Boselie Kirsten A. H. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present study was, first, aimed at examining the relationship between eating disorders, feminine gender role stress and other types of stress. In addition, we investigated whether eating disordered women compared to non‐clinical controls use depressogenic coping more often. We hypothesized that women with eating disorders would, compared to controls, suffer from more stress, irrespective of the type of stress, and that they would use depressogenic coping more frequently. Participants were 36 women suffering from eating disorders (mean age 25.8 years) and 53 controls (mean age 21.2 years). Questionnaires were administered reflecting the presence (or absence) of anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa, feminine gender role stress, perceived life stress, and coping styles. Compared with controls, eating disordered women reported higher levels of feminine gender role stress, but also higher levels of masculine gender role stress as well as recently experienced stress. Stress in general rather than femininity‐related stress exclusively was related to eating disorders. In addition, women suffering from eating disorders used emotional coping more often than the control group. We tend to conclude that not their relatively high stress levels are constitutive for eating disorders, but rather a specific way of coping with negative emotions, emotion‐focused coping by means of emotional eating. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lessons learned becoming a framework developer
Authors: Carey James , Carlson Brent 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWhen we began developing frameworks we were naive about what was involved in developing a framework versus other software. We had experience in object‐oriented development, but even that did not prepare us for some of what we learned as we developed frameworks. This paper captures some of the lessons that we learned as we became framework developers. If you have already developed frameworks these will validate what you have already learned, but for someone just starting out these are the areas where we believe you will be surprised. For example, are you ready to become comfortable exposing your work completely, since almost everything might be part of the framework product? Are you ready to become more disciplined so you can manage and deliver all these pieces? Other lessons will validate and enhance what you learned developing object‐oriented software; for example, the value of patterns, especially to define customization points. All are part of the biggest lesson of all, that as a framework developer you are no longer independently developing an application for an end‐user, instead you are on the many diverse customer teams using the framework—helping them deliver their applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenotypic, ethologically based resolution of spontaneous and D2‐like vs D1‐like agonist‐induced behavioural topography in mice with congenic D3 dopamine receptor “knockout”
Authors: McNamara Fergal N. , Clifford Jeremiah J. , Tighe Orna , Kinsella Anthony , Drago John , Fuchs Sara , Croke David T. , Waddington John L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUncertainty as to the functional role of the D3 dopamine receptor, due primarily to a paucity of selective agonists or antagonists, is being addressed in mice with targeted gene deletion (“knockout”) thereof. This study describes, for the first time, the phenotype of congenic D3‐null mice. Initially, 129/Sv × C57BL/6 D3‐null mice were backcrossed 14 times onto C57BL/6; they were then assessed using an ethologically based approach which resolves all topographies of behaviour within the mouse repertoire. The ethogram of D3‐null mice, on comparison with wildtypes, was characterised by no alteration in any topography of behaviour over an initial period of exploration; subsequent assessment over several hours revealed only increased rearing among females due to delayed habituation. Low doses of the selective D2‐like agonist RU 24213 (0.016–0.25 mg/kg) inhibited topographies of exploratory behaviour; this effect was diminished in D3‐null mice only when investigated following prolonged habituation, and then only for certain topographies of behaviour, primarily sniffing and rearing. High doses of RU 24213 (0.1–12.5 mg/kg) induced stereotyped sniffing and “ponderous” locomotion, while the selective D1‐like agonist SK&F 83959 (0.016–2.0 mg/kg) promoted characteristic grooming syntax; these effects did not differ materially between the genotypes. When examined topographically on an essentially congenic C57BL/6 background (<0.005% 129/Sv), the resultant phenotype indicated essential conservation of the mouse ethogram, high‐dose D2‐like stimulatory effects, and D1‐like stimulatory effects in the absence of D3 receptors. A role for D3 receptors in inhibitory processes appeared topographically circumscribed and only when baseline levels of behaviour were low. Synapse 46:19–31, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incision of AP sites in lung cancer patients: a pilot study
Authors: Rossi Ottavio , Filiberti Rosangela , Neri Monica , Biggi Stefano , Satragno Livia , Puntoni Riccardo , Frosina Guido 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDNA base excision repair (BER) removes frequent DNA lesions of either endogenous or exogenous origin. Some indications point to BER defects in lung cancer patients. We have investigated the ability of ten lung cancer patients to repair natural AP sites, the most frequent genetic lesion, using an in vitro assay in which peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) extracts incise randomly depurinated plasmid DNA. The median value of repair activity in patients was lower than that of matched controls but the difference did not reach significance. Unlike other BER enzymatic steps, marked defects in incision of AP sites may not be associated with lung carcinogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of chromosome damage in patients with breast cancer treated by two antineoplastic treatments
Authors: Silva L.M. , Takahashi C.S. , Carrara H.H.A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were determined in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures from women with breast cancer treated by chemotherapy (CT) with FEC (5‐fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide) or CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil) cocktail in six CT cycles. The number of patients in each CT cycle were from 1 to 3 for SCE and 2 to 5 for CA. Samples were collected before and 48 h after CT. Although the size of the sample was limited and interindividual variability was wide, it appears that a 21‐day interval between CT sessions is sufficient for cell recovery. This fact was demonstrated by the reduction in CA and SCE frequencies between cycles in parallel with the unchanged mitotic index and proliferative index values. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of methionine on selenium embryotoxicity in cultured rat embryos
Authors: Usami Makoto , Tabata Hirobumi , Ohno Yasuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEffects of methionine, an essential amino acid, on the embryotoxicity of selenium (Se) were examined using the rat embryo culture. Rat embryos at day 9.5 of gestation were cultured for 48 h in the presence of sodium selenite at 10 and 20 μM or sodium selenate at 30 and 100 μM with or without the addition of 1 mM DL‐methionine. Selenite at 20 μM or selenate at 100 μM alone increased the incidence of embryonic malformation and inhibited the embryonic growth. The addition of methionine increased the incidence of embryonic malformation at 10 μM of selenite but decreased the incidence of embryonic malformation at 100 μM of selenate. On the other hand, the addition of methionine partially restored the inhibited embryonic growth at 20 μM of selenite or at 100 μM of selenate. It was considered from these results that the methionine availability in the embryonic environment and the oxidation state of Se are critical in Se embryotoxicity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Use of Hydrophilic Groups in Aqueous Organic Reactions
Authors: Itami Kenichiro , Yoshida Jun‐Ichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe representative examples of beneficial effects of hydrophilic groups in aqueous organic reactions are described, including the Diels–Alder reactions, hetero Diels–Alder reactions, Claisen rearrangement, radical reactions, and transition metal–catalyzed reactions. Although the low solubility of organic molecules in water has been a bane in aqueous organic reactions, the incorporation of hydrophilic groups into the substrate structure can overcome the solubility problem and at the same time enhance the hydrophobic effect. In some cases, interesting micellar effects are observed because of the amphiphilic natures of such molecules. The emerging concept of “removable hydrophilic group,” in which the solubility problems have been alleviated, yet the initial product can still be transformed into a variety of products with the removal of the hydrophilic groups, is also described. © 2002 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 2: 213–224, 2002: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10021
Acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of pesticide Diazinon in red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Mossambicus albina)
Authors: Palacio Jaime A. , Henao Beatriz , Vélez Jorge H. , González Jairo , Parra Carlos M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractYoung red tilapias were exposed for 96 h to each one of 6 concentrations of the pesticide Diazinon in order to determine the pesticide's acute toxicity level. After the ascertaining the lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 h, a level 10 times lower was selected for the bioaccumulation study of the pesticide in male and female specimens exposed for 9 days. The elimination process was carried out for 10 days beginning right after the conclusion of the accumulation process. Analytical procedures were developed and used for the studies of acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of Diazinon in red tilapia. A lethal concentration [LC50 (96 h)] of 3.85 mg/L was found, and steady‐state accumulation, at a concentration of 28.45 mg/kg, was reached at 7.72 days. In the elimination process a concentration of 0.29 mg/kg was found in tilapia tissue by the sixth day after the fish were moved to clean water, and it continued to decrease quickly toward nondetectable levels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 334–340, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10063
L1–L3 Coster–Kronig and Li (i = 1,2,3) sub‐shell fluorescence yields for Th and U
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Puri Sanjiv , Mehta D. , Garg M. L. , Singh Nirmal 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe L1–L3 Coster–Kronig yield, f13, for Th and U was determined using measured intensities of the Lα x‐rays emitted following selective ionization of the L3 sub‐shell by Mo K x‐rays (B < Einc. < B) and of those emitted following ionization of the Li (i = 1,2,3) sub‐shells by the 59.54 keV γ‐rays (B < Einc. < BK), where B is the K shell/Li sub‐shell ionization threshold of the target element. The measurements were performed using an energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence set up involving an Si(Li) detector and photon sources consisting of an 241Am radioactive annular source used in (i) the direct excitation mode and (ii) the secondary excitation mode together with the Mo secondary exciter. In addition, the Li (i = 1,2,3) sub‐shell fluorescence yields (ωi) for Th and U were deduced using our earlier measured x‐ray fluorescence cross‐sections at incident photon energies in the range 17–60 keV and the theoretical photoionization cross‐sections. The measured f13 and ωi yields were compared with the available semi‐empirical values and the theoretical values based on relativistic Hartree–Dirac–Slater (RDHS) calculations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The SCR1 gene from Schwanniomyces occidentalis encodes a highly hydrophobic polypeptide, which confers ribosomal resistance to cycloheximide
Authors: Hoenicka Janet , Fernández Lobato María , Marín Dolores , Jiménez Antonio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the SCR1 gene from Schwanniomyces occidentalis is known to induce ribosomal resistance to cycloheximide (cyh). A 2.8 kb DNA fragment encoding this gene was sequenced. Its EMBL Accession No. is AJ419770. It disclosed a putative tRNAAsn (GUU) sequence located downstream of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1641 nucleotides. This ORF was shown to correspond to SCR1. It would encode a highly hydrophobic polypeptide (SCR1) with 12 transmembrane domains. SCR1 is highly similar to a variety of yeast proteins of the multidrug‐resistance (MDR) family. However, SCR1 only conferred resistance to cyh but not to benomyl or methotrexate. The cyh‐resistance phenotype induced by SCR1 was confirmed in several S. cerevisiae strains that expressed this gene to reside at the ribosomal level. In contrast, a β‐galacosidase‐tagged SCR1 was found to be integrated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is proposed that the ribosomes of yeast cells expressing SCR1 undergo a conformational change during their interaction with the ER, which lowers their affinity for cyh‐binding. If so, these findings would disclose a novel ribosomal resistance mechanism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Staurosporine‐induced morphological changes in the rat osteoblasts.
Authors: Yang Rong‐Sen , Lu Kuo‐Shyan , Fu Wen‐Mei , Liu Tang‐Kue , Lin‐Shiau Shoei‐Yn 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTreatment of cultured rat osteoblasts with staurosporine caused a rapid outgrowth of long slender cellular processes and the formation of stellate cells. The number of stellate cells increased with higher concentrations of and longer incubation with staurosporine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the smooth surface of control polygonal cells became ruffled with many long slender cellular processes, thus increasing the cell surface area. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the stellate cells showed a rich accumulation of large lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Some lipid droplets had coalesced under the cytoplasmic membrane. We suggest that staurosporine has an effect on the differentiation of cultured rat osteoblasts.
Subcellular localization and antiviral activity of carminic acid/poly r(A‐U) combinations
Authors: Krabill Keith , Jamison James M. , Gilloteaux Jacques , Summers Jack L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCarminic acid (CAR) enhances the antiviral activity of poly r(A‐U) twelve‐fold without increasing interferon induction, inactivating the vesicular stomatitis virus or inducing host cell cytotoxicity. Phase contrast photomicrographs of human foreskin fibroblasts (HSF) incubated with CAR alone, poly r(A‐U) alone or with a CAR/poly r(A‐U) combination illustrate that the CAR/poly r(A‐U) combinations display altered subcellular distribution with the CAR being localized in the nucleoli and chromatin. Phase contrast and fluorescence photomicrographs of adriamycin (ADR)‐treated and ADR/poly r(A‐U)‐treated HSF cells corroborate these findings. These results suggest that modulation of one or more nucleolar processes may be responsible for the enhanced antiviral activity.
Comparative expression of endogenous retrotransposons in adult mouse mammary gland during normal development and differentiation
Authors: Asch Harold L. , Vinci Robert Z. , Chang Jae Y. , Natoli Farah , Stoler Daniel L. , Anderson Garth R. , Asch Bonnie B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAmplified expression of the endogenous retrotransposons, intracisternal A particles (IAPs) and murine leukemia virus‐related elements (MLVEs), along with decreased expression of VL30 elements frequently occurs during mouse mammary tumorigenesis. We have now analyzed the expression of these retroelements during the normal developmental and differentiation cycle of the mammary gland as found in virgin, pregnant, lactating, and post‐lactation adult female BALB/c mice. Retrotransposon expression was either unchanged or decreased during the progressive stages of the cycle compared to virgin tissue. Likewise, growth of mammary epithelial cells in primary culture had little or no effect on expression of IAPs, MLVEs and VL30 sequences. Thus, the dramatic changes involving these retrotransposons in many mouse mammary tumors appear unrelated to any normal state.
The type III‐9 repeat of human fibronectin is encoded by a single exon which is not alternatively spliced.
Authors: Gardella Rita , Barlati Sergio , Ferraboli Sergio , Colombi Marina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractType III homologies of human fibronectin are generally encoded by two exons, with the exception of the ED‐A and ED‐B repeats which are encoded by a single exon undergoing alternative splicing. We report that also the type III‐9 homology is encoded by a single exon. Further more, RT‐PCR analysis, performed on mRNA purified from fetal and adult tissues and from normal and tumor‐derived cell types, showed that the III‐9 region is not undergoing alternative splicing in all samples tested.
Expression of the 30 kD cysteine endoprotease B in germinating barley seeds
Authors: Marttila Salla , Porali Ilkka , Ho T.‐H. David , Mikkonen Anita 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe expression of a 30 kD cysteine endoprotease (EP‐B) was studied by in situ hybridization and immunomicroscopy to clarify its role in germinating barley grains. At the beginning of germination, EP‐B mRNA was expressed in the scutellar epithelium and aleurone cells next to the embryo. Later, mRNA levels were highest in the aleurone layer proceeding to the distal end of the grain. During the first day of germination, EP‐B protein was strongly localized to the germ aleurone and scutellar epithelium from where the secretion into the starchy endosperm began. Secretion was also observed to proceed along the aleurone layer to the distal end. These results show that EP‐B is differentially localized during germination, and both scutellum and aleurone layer are able to synthesize and secrete EP‐B protein.
Surface labelling of plant protoplasts with fluorochromes for discrimination of heterokaryons by microscopy and flow cytometry
Authors: van Kesteren W. J. P. , Tempelaar M. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSurface labelling of plant protoplasts was tested for use in mass fusion systems and heterokaryon detection. Parameters have been established for biotinylation and subsequent incubation with avidin‐coupled fluorochromes. The procedure is rapid (less than 3 hours) and does not affect viability. Fusion responses were the same as with unlabelled protoplasts. From a range of fluorochromes tested, fluorescein and phycoerythrin proved best suited for detection experiments with protoplasts of both suspension and leaf origin. With this standard combination of labels, as applied in experiments with animal cells, heterokaryons from fused plant protoplasts could clearly be discriminated from other protoplasts by means of fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry with a single combination of filters and wavelengths.
The survival of cytochalasin‐induced polykaryons following exposure to cytotoxic agents.
Authors: Court J. B. , Burn C. , Louis D. S. , Moore J. L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUsing CHO‐K1, HeLa S3 and two Walker lines (WR and WS) differentially sensitive to cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin), the survival after exposure to cisplatin, mitomycin C, vinblastine, vincristine or cytosine arabinoside has been determined either of clonogens or of cells rendered polyploid by post‐exposure incubation in the presence of cytochalasin B (CB). It is suggested that the inhibition of cytokinesis by CB permits an assessment to be made of the fraction of damage whose expression is cell division‐related, possibly including that resulting from a loss or malsegregation of genetic material. It was found that the response of polykaryons in comparison to clonogens was both agent‐ and cell line‐dependent. After cisplatin exposure, polykaryon survival (defined as the ability to accumulate at least 16C DNA) declined exponentially with dose and was qualitatively, and to some extent quantitatively, similar to that observed previously after irradiation. In HeLa S3, giant cells induced by 10‐20Gy irradiation in the absence of CB exhibited a radiation dose‐dependent reduction in the relative frequency of highly polyploid cells which was similar to that observed in CB‐induced polykaryons.
The increase in cytosolic levels of protein kinase C precedes the growth factor requirements during the transition stem cells to differentiated progeny in the MCF‐7 breast tumor cells.
Authors: Gomez Maria L. , Resnicoff Mariana , Medrano Estela E. , Tellez‐Inon Maria T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe expression of regulatory genes within the context of a differentiation program can have profound long‐term consequences in tissues with permanent renewing populations. The breast tumor cell line MCF‐7 retains in culture some of the characteristics of a unidirectional differentiation pathway. We show that the cytosolic activity of the regulatory enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) precedes and continues the sequence of maturation in pre‐differentiated subpopulations derived from a stem cell fraction. However, the activity declines in the most differentiated, post‐mitotic fraction. These results indicate that PKC may be considered among the regulatory genes in MCF‐7 cells that specify maturation of the stem cell progeny.
The effect of spermine on the disaccharidase activities in suckling rats of different age.
Authors: Shimizu Kazuo , Mushiake Sotaro , Yoshimura Norikazu , Harada Tokuzo , Okada Shintaro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe influence of the age of the rat on the maturation of disaccharidase activities induced by spermine was studied. Three‐day‐ and 9‐day‐old rats were used in the experiment. Spermine was administered orally or directly into the stomach using thin tubing daily for 3 days, and disaccharidase activities in the jejunum were measured. While spermine caused maturation of not only lactase activity but also maltase and sucrase activities in 9‐day‐old rats, it only caused maturation of lactase activity in 3‐day‐old rats. Histological studies showed no significant changes in the jejunum of 3‐day‐old rats treated with spermine.
The influence of maternal nicotine exposure on neonatal lung metabolism. Protective effect of ascorbic acid.
Authors: Maritz G. S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to establish whether ascorbic acid supplementation (1 mg/kg/body mass/day) during pregnancy and lactation will prevent the effect of maternal nicotine exposure (1 mg/kg body weight/day) on neonatal lung carbohydrate, DNA and protein metabolism. The data show that the adult lung ascorbic acid content was reduced by 76% after exposure to nicotine. In contrast, maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation has no effect on neonatal lung ascorbic acid content. However, ascorbic acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation prevented the adverse effects of maternal nicotine exposure on neonatal lung carbohydrate, DNA and protein metabolism.