bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and CRP levels, US Adults, 2007–2010
Authors: Nielsen Samara Joy Joy , Trak‐Fellermeier Maria Angélica , Joshipura Kaumudi 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Committee highlight dietary fiber as one of the four nutrients that Americans under‐consumed. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000 on dietary fiber demonstrated a strong inverse relation between the level of dietary fiber intake and C‐reactive protein, but did not analyze specific sources nor the strength of the effect according to the dietary fiber source.ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and dietary fiber sources in the US adult population (≥ 20 years of age).DesignIn the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross‐sectional nationally representative sample of the US population, two 24 hour dietary recalls were collected from 9,720 adults 20 years and older. Of those that had both 24 hour recalls, 9,284 adults had CRP data. We categorized CRP into 3 levels, < 0.10 mg/dL, 0.10 mg/dL≤CRP< 0.30 mg/dL, ≥ 0.30 mg/dL. The relationship between CRP levels and total fiber intake as well as the sources of dietary fiber including whole grain intake and fruit and vegetable intake were examined by using multinomial logistic models adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI and smoking.ResultsAdults with lowest quartile of dietary fiber intake compared to the highest quartile were 50% more likely to have higher CRP levels (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.68). Similarly, the lowest quartile of whole grain intake compared to the highest quartile was 40% more likely to have higher CRP levels (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.65). In addition, the lowest quartile of fiber rich fruit and vegetable intake compared to the highest quartile was 50% more likely to have higher CRP levels (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.79).ConclusionsWe found an inverse relationship between CRP levels and dietary fiber consumption. High whole grain, and high fruit and vegetable intake were associated with low C‐reactive protein levels, a marker of systemic inflammation.
Monetary Diet Cost is Positively Associated with Diet Quality: Analysis of School‐Aged Children in South China
Authors: Zhang Jieyi , Xue Hongmei , Li Danting , Yin Jun , Chen Yuanyuan , Cheng Guo 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe association of diet quality with diet cost has been investigated in many developed countries. However, pertinent studies remain scarce in China. As food prices and dietary habits vary with different countries, we aimed to examine the relation of diet quality to monetary diet cost among Chinese Children.MethodsData on 1,605 Chinese Children (48.4% girls) aged 7–15 years were analyzed. Dietary data from 3‐d 24h dietary recalls were used to calculate the published Chinese Children Dietary Index (CCDI), which developed based on Chinese Dietary Intake recommendations. CCDI incorporated 16 components (11 foods/food groups, 3 nutrients and 2 health‐promoting behaviors), with a higher score indicating a better diet quality. Monetary costs of diet were calculated by multiplying the average amount of consumed food (g/day) by price of each food and summing the products. The average annual price of each food item was obtained from the government website, supermarkets and farmers' markets, or fast food chains. All food prices, adjusted for preparation and waste using China Food Composition database, were expressed in RMB (¥) per 100g edible portion. As the monetary cost of diet was observed strongly associated with energy intake (r=0.69), monetary diet cost per 1,000 kcal of energy intake per day was calculated. Multivariate linear generalized regression models were used to explore the relevance of diet quality to monetary diet cost.ResultsSubjects spent more money per 1,000 kcal had a higher diet quality indicated by higher CCDI score after adjustment for age, gender, family location, parental educational level, family income level and interaction of age and CCDI score (¥12.35 per 1,000 kcal for the highest‐CCDI‐score quintile vs ¥11.16 per 1,000 kcal for the lowest‐CCDI‐score quintile, p=0.0006). With the improvement of 1 point in CCDI score, the monetary diet costs increased ¥0.14 per 1,000 kcal.ConclusionDiet quality is positively associated with energy‐adjusted diet cost among Chinese school‐aged Children, warranting that the public policy for healthful food promotion should totally take economic issues into account.Support or Funding InformationAll phases of this study were supported by research grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81472976)
Dyslipidemia among School‐age Children and Adolescents in Southern Provinces of China
Authors: Shi Jiachen , Liu Liping , Li Hong , Du Shufa 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundMany studies have reported dyslipidemia among adults, while few studies explored dyslipidemia among school‐age children.MethodsWe drew fasting blood samples from 1,834 children and adolescents (1,030 boys and 804 girls) aged 6 to 15 years old in southern provinces of China and measured lipid profiles with Hitachi 7600 biochemistry auto‐analyzer.ResultsThe results showed that total cholesterol (TC) was 3.60±0.59 mmol/L (means ± standard deviation, SD); triglyceride (TG) 0.90±0.43 mmol/L; high density lipoprotein (HDL) 1.51±0.36 mmol/L; and low density lipoprotein (LDL) 1.92±0.57 mmol/L. The serum concentrations of TC, TG, HDL, and LDL were higher among girls than boys, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence of elevated TC, TG and LDL were 2.8%, 8.5%, and 4.5% among those school‐age children, respectively. On average, 10.9% of boys and 11.1% of girls had dyslipidemia.ConclusionDyslipidemia should not be overlooked among school‐age children and adolescents in China.Support or Funding InformationThis study is supported by the Beijing CDC.
The Impact of Gestational Endocrine Disorders of Breast Milk Fat Characteristics and Infant Growth
Authors: Ellsworth Lindsay , Harman Emma , Anderson Clare , Craig Annmarie , John Elizabeth , Yeh Joanna , Gregg Brigid 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundMaternal endocrine disorders are increasingly prevalent co‐morbidities during pregnancy with the potential to impact maternal health, fetal development, newborn health and long‐term childhood outcomes. Limited data exists on changes in breast milk composition associated with maternal metabolic disease in pregnancy. Based on existing data from animal models, we hypothesize that maternal alterations in insulin signaling leads to changes in milk fat content and fatty acid profile with an increased ratio of omega‐6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduced monounsaturated fatty acid content.ObjectiveOur study objective is to determine if maternal metabolic disease leads to changes in milk composition that then impacts infant growth trajectory.MethodsWe are in the enrollment phase of a large prospective cohort study of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison to healthy mothers. This study has been approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board. We will perform metabolomic analysis on human milk to evaluate fatty acid content through mass spectrometry. We will evaluate mammary epithelial cells for protein and mRNA levels of lipogenic enzymes to correlate to milk fat composition. We will determine if maternal factors including metabolic disease diagnosis, body mass index, and glycemic control influence milk composition. We will then correlate infant growth trajectory with milk fat alterations.ResultsWe have enrolled 29 mother‐baby pairs including 16 healthy, 6 obese, 5 PCOS, and 2 GDM mothers. Mothers had a mean maternal age of 30 years old, mean gestation age of 40 weeks, and 31% delivered by C‐section. In our existing cohort, growth from birth to 2 months does not reveal a significant difference in weight or length however there is an indication that infant head circumference may differ by maternal metabolic disease category by 2‐way ANOVA testing. Breast milk composition analysis is currently underway.ConclusionsAdditional recruitment is ongoing with the goal of expansion of the diabetes mellitus cohorts in order to evaluate for significant differences in breast milk fat composition and infant growth trajectory in the setting of maternal metabolic disease.Support or Funding InformationPercy J. Murphy, M.D. and Mary C. Murphy, R.N. Endowed Children's Research Fund
Concentration of ghrelin and leptin in human serum and human milk in exclusively breastfeeding nursing mothers. Preliminary data
Authors: Vasquez‐Garibay Edgar M , Larrosa‐Haro Alfredo , García‐Arellano Samuel , Guzmán‐Mercado Elizabeth , Muñoz‐Esparza Nelly , Muñoz‐Valle Francisco , Romero‐Velarde Enrique 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionLeptin and ghrelin are two key hormones in the regulation of hunger and appetite that are present in human milk and an association between serum and human milk has been demonstrated between these two hormones with anthropometric indicators and body composition in three‐ and six‐month‐old infants. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to show the relationship and difference between serum and human milk concentration of ghrelin and leptin in nursing mothers who exclusively breastfeed (EBF) to four‐month‐old infants.MethodsSerum and human milk concentrations of ghrelin (n = 11) and leptin (n = 16) were determined in nursing mothers of EBF four‐month‐old infants attended at the Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara. Fasting blood samples were obtained in Vacutainer® tubes with anticoagulant EDTA treated with protease inhibitors aprotinin and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor. Human milk was collected from fasting nursing mothers before and after breastfed their infants. ELISA methods were used to determine the levels of leptin and ghrelin in the serum and milk samples. (Leptin Ultrasensitive, ALPCO® USA and Human Ghrelin Total, EMD Millipore, Billerica, USA, respectively). The comparison and the relationship between serum and human milk concentration of the hormonal biomarkers were performed by Mann‐Whitney U tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The protocol was approved by the Research and Bioethics Committee of the New Civil Hospital of Guadalajara.ResultsSerum levels of ghrelin (501 pg/mL) were significantly greater than in human milk (138 pg/mL) and serum levels of leptin (9.8 ng/mL) were also greater than in human milk (0.4 ng/mL), p<0.001. The concentration of ghrelin and leptin in foremilk and hind milk showed no significant differences. There was a high correlation between leptin concentration in serum and human milk (r=0.881, p<0001).ConclusionsConcentrations of these appetite regulating hormones in the mother's serum were greater than in their own milk. The high correlation between serum and milk leptin concentration in nursing mothers of EBF infants suggests that the variation in leptin concentration in human milk is probably explained by the serum concentration of maternal leptin.Support or Funding InformationProject supported by the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (234158)
Maternal Body Mass Index and Presence of Appetite Regulating Hormones and Other Factors in Human Breast Milk
Authors: Clark William Andrew , Kwon Megan Ripperger , Cress Eileen M. , Hamdy Ronald C. , Cobarrubias Heidi , Luttrell Sarah , Stone William L. , Brannon Marianne , Peterson Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2023

Exposure to over nutrition in critical development periods (neonatal nutrition) may increase the risk of obesity or developing metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Human breast milk (~ 125 ml, BRM), between 2 and 14 weeks of lactation, was collected from 45 Caucasian women (24 normal weight (NW, BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) and 21 overweight/obese (OW, BMI >25.0 kg/m2)). A 10 ml aliquot was frozen (−80°C) for analysis of appetite regulating hormones and other factors and the remaining volume was freeze dried and subjected to proximate analysis. Participants also completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to estimate fruit, vegetable, and fat intake. Insulin (182.3 vs 537.1 pg/ml, p=0.0001), leptin (186.8 vs 911.3 pg/ml, p=0.0001) were lower, and alpha‐tocopherol (7.39 vs 5.03 uM/ml, p=0.009) higher in NW vs OW BRM. When the data set was reconfigured to compare BRM from lactating women with pre‐gravid BMI ≤ 24 (n=19) or ≥30 (n=15), insulin (200.6 vs 534.8 pg/ml, p=0.003) and leptin (200.3 vs 1,030.9 pg/ml, p=0.0001) were lower and adiponectin (12,349.8 vs 8,696.8 pg/ml, p=0.052) and alpha‐tocopherol (7.72 vs 4.48 uM/ml, p=0.001) were higher for normal weight versus obese women. No statistical difference was observed for levels of ghrelin, IL‐6, TNF‐α or γ –or Δ‐tocopherol in the BRM for the two groups of women. Analysis of Fruit and Vegetable FFQ revealed no significant differences in fruit and vegetable servings/day or intake of vitamin C, magnesium, potassium and dietary fiber. No significant differences were noted between NW and OW groups for total dietary fat (%), intake of fat (g), or intake of saturated fat, unsaturated fat, or total cholesterol. Pre‐gravid BMI (22.0 vs 33.7, p=0.0001), BMI at age 18 (20.4 vs 27.8, p=0.0001), and highest BMI (23.4 vs 35.6, p=0.0001), all self‐reported, are shown for the NW and OW groups. Macronutrient composition of freeze‐dried BRM were similar for total calories (5,600 vs 5,588 cal/g DM, p=0.935), protein (9.3 vs 8.2 % DM, p=0.171, fat (43.8 vs 44.4 %, p=.687) and inorganic content (1.39 vs 1.54 % DM, p=0.434) for NW and OW groups. Gas chromatography (GC) of fatty acid methyl esters, generated from freeze dried BRM, demonstrated NW BRM contained higher levels of n‐3 fatty acids, MUFA, and less palmitic acid. The increased palmitic acid level seen in OW BRM may support increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Understanding the nutrient, hormone, adipokine, and inflammatory compound composition of BRM from women of differing BMI's may help to optimize neonate nutrition.Support or Funding InformationSupported by ETSU Honor's College Student‐Faculty Collaborative Research Grant and a Small Research Development Committee Grant from ETSU's Office of Sponsored Programs and Research. Appreciation to Medela Inc. Breastfeeding USA, McHenry, IL for supplying a breast pump for research participants.
Indoxyl Sulfate Involves Abnormality of Iron Metabolism Through Hepcidin Regulation
Authors: Hamano Hirofumi , Ikeda Yasumasa , Watanabe Hiroaki , Horinouchi Yuya , Izawa‐Ishizawa Yuki , Ishizawa Keisuke , Tsuchiya Koichiro , Tamaki Toshiaki 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundHepcidin, a secreted hormone derived from hepatocytes, a key regulator of iron metabolism, is shown to be elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to the dysregulation of iron metabolism in CKD. Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, is accumulated during the progression of CKD, and it exacerbates CKD through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the role of IS on iron metabolism has remained unclear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of IS on iron metabolism.MethodsIn in vitro, HepG2 cells were used to examine IS effect on hepcidin. In in vivo, we analyzed hepcidin, iron transporters, and tissue iron content by using a mice model of CKD. In addition, we investigated whether CKD‐induced iron dysmetabolism was ameliorated by AST‐120, uremic toxin adsorbent.ResultsIS stimulation augmented hepcidin expression in a dose‐dependent manner in HepG2 cells. IS‐mediated hepcidin upregulation was inhibited by silencing of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a receptor of IS. IS also augmented oxidative stress and hepcidin upregulation with IS was suppressed by an anti‐oxidant agent. CKD mice with increased IS accumulation showed the elevation of hepatic hepcidin expression and blood hepcidin concentration compared with control mice. In CKD mice, ferroportin expression was changed in duodenum and spleen, and splenic iron content was increased. These changes were ameliorated by AST‐120 treatment.ConclusionOur study suggested that IS participates in the dysregulation of iron metabolism through hepcidin regulation. Removal of IS from plasma might be a therapeutic strategy for abnormality of iron metabolism in CKD.
Treatment with the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator IW‐1973 Reduces N‐terminal Pro B‐type Natriuretic Peptide and Improves Heart Function in Rat Models of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Shea Courtney , Liu Guang , Sarno Renee , Lonie Elisabeth , Zimmer Dan , Currie Mark , Masferrer Jaime 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIntracellular cGMP levels are reduced in many cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, due to high levels of reactive oxygen species, which inactivate NO, the endogenous ligand of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). sGC “stimulators” bind sGC receptors and synergize with NO to increase cGMP production. IW‐1973 is a novel sGC stimulator in clinical development that has been previously shown to lower mean arterial pressure and heart hypertrophy in Dahl Salt‐Sensitive (Dss) rats.HypothesisWe assessed the hypothesis that sGC stimulator IW‐1973 would preserve cardiac function in 2 rat models of heart failure: Dss (HFpEF) and post MI (HFrEF).MethodsIn male Dss rats, heart failure was induced by high salt diet (8%); IW‐1973 (10 mg/kg/day in chow; n=8) was added after 2 weeks, for 5 more weeks. In a post MI model, heart failure was induced by surgical ligation of the left coronary artery of male Sprague Dawley rats (n=10), IW‐1973 (10 mg/kg/day in chow) was administered for 8 weeks. In both models, echocardiography was conducted at the end of the experiment; at necropsy, plasma, serum, urine and tissues samples were collected. All comparisons are vs untreated controls (n=9 and 11).ResultsIn Dss, IW‐1973‐treated rats had lower heart/body mass ratio (3.8±0.1 vs 4.6±0.1 g/kg, p<0.05), liver/body mass (43.2±1.1 vs 49.2±1.8 g/kg, p<0.05) and albumin creatinine ratio (1.2±0.1 vs 2.4±0.3 g/g creat/kg, p<0.05) vs controls. By echocardiography IW‐1973‐treated rats had higher ejection fraction vs controls (85±2 vs 70±3%, p<0.05). In post MI, IW‐1973‐treated rats had lower left ventricular end systolic area vs controls (32±2 vs 39±2 mm2, p< 0.05). In Dss and post MI, IW‐1973‐treated rats had lower levels of N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) vs controls (271±13 vs 585±98, p<0.05, 274±28 vs 581±81, pg/ml p<0.05, respectively.)ConclusionsIW‐1973 preserved heart function in rat models of HFpEF and HFrEF, including reducing levels of the clinically relevant heart failure biomarker, NT‐proBNP.
Essential role for interleukin‐12 in microvascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Radwan Eman , Mali Vishal , Haddox Samuel , Trebak Mohamed , Souad Belmadani , Matrougui Khalid 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIt is well established that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with microvascular dysfunction. However, the in vivo role of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) in microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is an important question that remains unanswered.Methods and ResultsIn the present study, we utilized C57/Bl6, db−/db−, IL‐12−/−, db−/db−IL‐12−/−, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress CHOP−/−, and db−/db−CHOP−/− mice. We measured IL‐12 plasma level using kit assay and determined the microvascular function. We found an increase in IL‐12 plasma level in db−/db− compared to C57/Bl6 indicating the potential injurant effect of IL‐12 in T2D. Microvascular endothelial‐dependent relaxation was impaired in db−/db− compared to C57/Bl6, IL‐12−/−, and ER stress CHOP−/− mice. Interestingly, endothelial‐dependent relaxation was improved in db−/db−IL‐12−/− and db−/db−CHOP−/− mice.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that the disruption of IL‐12 rescued the microvascular endothelial function through ER stress CHOP‐dependent mechanism.
Interaction of obesity and Nrf2 deficiency accelerates cerebromicrovascular aging and impairs neurovascular coupling responses
Authors: Valcarcel‐Ares Marta Noa , Tarantini Stefano , Hertelendy Peter , Tucsek Zsuzsanna , Gautam Tripti , Kiss Tamas , De Cabo Rafael , Farkas Eszter , Kinter Micheal , Sonntag William E. , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan 
Published: November 2023

Moment‐to‐moment adjustment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) via neurovascular coupling has a critical role in maintenance of healthy cognitive function. Previous studies demonstrate that obesity promotes cognitive impairment due to, at least in part, its deleterious effects on neurovascular coupling. Importantly, the effects of obesity are exacerbated in aging, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. There is increasing evidence that Nrf2/ARE signaling plays a critical role in vascular resilience to obesity and the metabolic syndrome and that aging is associated with progressive Nrf2 dysfunction, promoting microvascular oxidative stress. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that Nrf2 deficiency contributes to neurovascular uncoupling and exacerbate cerebromicrovascular dysfunction induced by obesity. To test this hypothesis Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− mice were fed a standard diet or an adipogenic high fat diet (HFD) and cortical neurovascular coupling responses were assessed. In control mice feeding HFD for 6 months significantly increased vascular oxidative stress and decreased endothelium‐mediated CBF responses (laser Doppler flowmetry) in the somatosensory cortex evoked by contralateral whisker stimulation. Nrf2 deficiency significantly exacerbated HFD‐induced neurovascular uncoupling, mimicking the aging phenotype. Together, these results provide additional evidence that intact Nrf2 signaling importantly contributes to cerebromicrovascular health, preserving neurovascular coupling mechanisms. Further studies are needed to elucidate the endothelial and astrocytic mechanisms impacted by Nrf2 deficiency and HFD‐induced obesity, determining the potential roles of oxidative stress and chronic low‐grade neuroinflammation.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by grants from the American Heart Association, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and the National Institute on Aging