bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the binge eating scale, questionnaire for eating and weight patterns‐revised, and eating disorder examination questionnaire with instructions with the eating disorder examination in the assessment of binge eating disorder and its symptoms
Authors: Celio Angela A. , Wilfley Denise E. , Crow Scott J. , Mitchell James , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe current study assesses concordance between self‐administered measures and a diagnostic standard for assessment of binge frequency and diagnosis of binge eating disorder (BED) in a sample of binge eaters.MethodThe Questionnaire for Eating and Weight Patterns‐Revised (QEWP‐R), Binge Eating Scale (BES), two items from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire with Instructions (EDE‐Q‐I), and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) were administered. Participants were 157 adults volunteering for a clinical study, of whom 129 (79%) were diagnosed with BED using the EDE as the diagnostic standard.ResultsIn the identification of BED, the QEWP‐R yielded a sensitivity value of .74 and a specificity value of .35. The BES yielded a sensitivity value of .85 and a specificity value of .20. Frequency of binge eating days and episodes on the EDE‐Q‐I correlated highly with the EDE (.65 and .48, respectively; p < .001).DiscussionThe accuracy of diagnosis and symptomatology among self‐administered questionnaires is variable. The BES and the QEWP‐R performed satisfactorily as initial screens for the diagnosis of BED, but were less accurate in identifying non‐BED individuals and the frequency of binge eating. The EDE‐Q‐I most accurately assessed the frequency of binge eating. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 434–444, 2004.
Cathodic Adsorptive Voltammetry of the Gallium‐Alizarin Red S Complex at a Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Li Yi‐Heng , Zhao Qiao‐Ling , Huang Mei‐hua 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe adsorptive voltammetric behavior of the gallium‐alizarin red S (ARS) complex in NH4OAc‐HCl buffer at a carbon paste electrode(CPE) was investigated. The results showed that the complex can be adsorbed on the surface of the CPE, yielding one reduction peak at −0.52 V(vs. SCE), corresponding to the irreversible reduction of the ligand, ARS, bonded in the complex. The optimal experimental conditions include the use of 0.10 mol L−1 ammonium acetate buffer(pH 4.5), 1.0×10−5 mol L−1 ARS, an accumulation potential of −0.05 V, an accumulation time of 180 s ,a rest time of 10 s, a scan rate of 200 mV s−1and a second‐order derivative linear scan mode. The peak current is proportional to the concentration of gallium(III) over the range 0.02–6.0 μg L−1, with the detection limit of 0.01 μg L−1 for an accumulation time of 180 s. The method was applied to the determination of gallium in food samples with satisfactory results.
Use of an Electronic Tongue Based on All‐Solid‐State Potentiometric Sensors for the Quantitation of Alkaline Ions
Authors: Gallardo J. , Alegret S. , Munoz R. , Leija L. , Hernandez P. Ro. , del Valle M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAn array of eight nonspecific potentiometric sensors was used in combination with multivariate calibration for the simultaneous determination of NH$\rm{ {_{4}^{+}}}$, K+and Na+ions. The sensors were of the all‐solid‐state type and employed a PVC polymer membrane. Signals were processed by using a multilayer artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN configuration used was optimized by using 8 neurons in the input layer, 5 in the hidden layer and 3 in the output layer. Use of the Bayesian Regularization algorithm allowed a quick building of an accurate model, as confirmed by random multi‐starting of network weights. The system was used to analyze synthetic and river water, waste water and fertilizer samples. Correct results were obtained for the three ions in synthetic and real water samples; in fertilizers, ammonium ion can be determined, while sodium and potassium show biased results.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Rutin
Authors: Ghica Mariana‐Emilia , Brett Ana Maria Oliveira 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAn electrochemical investigation of rutin oxidation on a glassy carbon electrode was carried out using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and square‐wave voltammetry over a wide pH interval. The electrochemical oxidation is a complex process, which proceeds in a cascade mechanism, related with the 4‐hydroxyl groups of the rutin molecule. The catechol 3′,4′‐dihydroxyl group is the first to be oxidized by a two‐electron – two‐proton reversible oxidation reaction, followed by an irreversible oxidation reaction due to the 5,7‐dihydroxyl group. Both mechanisms are pH dependent. An adsorption process is also observed and the oxidation products block the electrode surface.
Determination of Phenolic Acids and Flavones in Lonicera japonica Thumb. by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Peng Youyuan , Liu Fanghua , Ye Jiannong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE‐ED) was employed to analyze active ingredients of Lonicera japonica Thumb., an important crude herb frequently used in Chinese medicines. Hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, luteolin and caffeic acid are the major important active ingredients. Operating in a wall‐jet configuration, a 300 μm diameter carbon‐disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits a good response at +0.90 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode) for four analytes. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes were baseline separated within 20 min in a 50 mmol L−1 borax buffer (pH 8.7). Notably, excellent linearity was obtained over two orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg L−1 for all the analytes. This method was successfully used in the analysis of Lonicera japonica Thumb. with relative simple extraction procedures, and the assay results were satisfactory.
Study on Electrocatalytic Oxidation of L‐Cysteine at Glassy Carbon Electrode by (FcM)TMA and Its Electrochemical Kinetics
Authors: Gao Zuo‐Ning , Yao Hui‐Qin , Liu Wan‐Yi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe electrocatalytic oxidation of L‐cysteine by (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium at a glassy carbon electrode in 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution has been studied. The rate constant for the catalytic reaction was evaluated as (4.28±0.05)×103 M−1 s−1 by chronoamperometry. Experimental conditions, which maximize the current efficiency of the electrocatalytic oxidation, such as pH value and the concentration of the catalyst, were also investigated. The experimental results of electrocatalytic kinetics of L‐cysteine oxidation on GCE in the presence of (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium obviously support the reaction mechanism proposed and the rate determining step assumed in scheme described in this work.
Carbon Nanotubes Based Nanoelectrode Arrays: Fabrication, Evaluation, and Application in Voltammetric Analysis
Authors: Tu Yi , Lin Yuehe , Yantasee Wassana , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFabrication, electrochemical characterization, and applications of low‐site density carbon nanotubes based nanoelectrode arrays (CNTs‐NEAs) are reported in this work. Spin‐coating of an epoxy resin provides a new way to create the electrode passivation layer effectively reducing electrode capacitance and current leakage. Cyclic voltammetry showed the sigmoidal shape curves with low capacitive current and scan‐rate‐independent limiting current. Square‐wave voltammetry showed well‐defined peak shapes in voltammograms of K3Fe(CN)6 and 4‐acetamidophenol (acetaminophen) and the peak currents to be proportioned to their concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for voltammetric analysis of the CNTs‐NEAs. The CNTs‐NEAs were also used successfully for voltammetric detection of trace concentrations of lead(II) at ppb level at first‐time. The CNTs‐NEAs provide an excellent platform for ultra sensitive electrochemical sensors for chemical and biological sensing.
Effect of oxidation pretreatment by hydrogen peroxide on iron removal from wastewater of a sulfuric acid iron‐pickling process
Authors: Vlyssides A. , Moutsatsou A. , Mai S. , Barampouti E.M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a new method for the treatment of wastewater from a sulfuric acid iron‐pickling process is described. A two‐stage treatment process that includes a hydrogen peroxide oxidation first step based on Fenton reactions, and a lime precipitation second step, was compared with the one‐stage conventional treatment process that includes only lime precipitation. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the beneficial effect of oxidation as a pretreatment method because the conventional treatment method cannot meet the Greek Emission Limit Values for effluent disposal to surface waters at any pH, whereas the proposed method can. Complete removal of iron (<1 mg/L) and sulfates (<500 mg/L) can be achieved. In contrast, at the same pH using the conventional method, the concentrations of iron and sulfates in the effluent are greater than 500 and 2500 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, COD and BOD are reduced by the proposed process (>90%) as a result of oxidation. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2004
Pilot‐scale biofiltration of waste gases containing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, cresols, and other volatile organic compounds
Authors: Wieczorek Andrzej 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLong‐term tests were performed on a waste gas biofiltration pilot plant to determine its efficiency in eliminating organic contaminants. Gases from a varnishing process containing over 50 compounds, mostly aliphatic (C5–C8) and aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, C3‐benzenes), and phenols were treated. The composition of the feed stream varied to some extent with time. The inlet concentration of a single compound was not usually higher than 100 mg/m3. The temperature of the gases at the biofiltration installation inlet did not exceed 45° C, and the gas superficial flow rates did not exceed 0.022 m/s. The biofiltration efficiency varied from 50 to 100%, depending on the flow rate. A reduction of up to 30% was observed in the concentration of some organic compounds in the humidifier that preceded the biofilter. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2004
Characterizing multiple independent behavioral correlates of cell firing in freely moving animals
Authors: Burgess Neil , Cacucci Francesca , Lever Colin , O'Keefe John 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe heterogeneous sampling of behavioral states by freely moving animals hinders our ability to relate neuronal firing rates to behavioral variables by introducing dependencies between them. We specifically consider the animal's location and orientation, although our analyses may generalize to other behavioral variables, such as speed of movement. A maximum‐likelihood approach is presented for producing estimates of the separate histograms relating firing rate to multiple independent causes. Examples show that the method can be used to avoid the artifactual behavioral correlates of place and head direction‐cell firing produced by standard analyses; to characterize the independent influences of both location and orientation in a third cell type (Cacucci et al., 2004); and to demonstrate the location‐independence of the directional firing of head‐direction cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) neurotoxicity: enhancement by protein‐deﬁcient diet
Authors: Levine Seymour , Saltzman Arthur 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLarge doses of pyridoxine cause injury to the primary sensory neurons in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia of animals and patients subjected to megavitamin therapy. The increased hazard to subjects with reduced renal excretory function has been explored previously. In the present work, the neurotoxicity of pyridoxine for rats was found to be increased by dietary protein deﬁciency. A mere 3 or 7 days of pretreatment with either of two protein‐deﬁcient diets were sufﬁcient to accelerate and intensify the clinical neurological signs and histological lesions from pyridoxine injections. These results are caused, at least in part, by loss of body weight, decreased protein binding in serum and decreased consumption of water and decreased volume of urine, which reduce the urinary losses of the toxicant. The vitamers related to pyridoxine (pyridoxal, pyridoxamine) and the coenzyme (pyridoxal 5‐phosphate) did not cause clinical signs or lesions similar to those produced by pyridoxine even when injected in maximum tolerated doses. Neither a protein‐deﬁcient diet nor bilateral nephrectomy changed the results with the vitamers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Components of diesel exhaust particles differentially affect lung expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 related to bacterial endotoxin
Authors: Inoue Ken‐ichiro , Takano Hirohisa , Yanagisawa Rie , Ichinose Takamichi , Sadakane Kaori , Yoshino Shin , Yamaki Kouya , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe have reported previously that components of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) differently affect acute lung injury related to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. This study examined the effects of components of DEP on the lung expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1 and ‐2 in the presence or absence of LPS. ICR mice were divided into six experimental groups that received vehicle, LPS (2.5 mg kg−1), organic chemicals in DEP (DEP‐OC) extracted with dicloromethane (4 mg kg−1), residual carbonaceous nuclei after the extraction (washed DEP: 4 mg kg−1), DEP‐OC (4 mg kg−1) + LPS (2.5 mg kg−1) or washed DEP (4 mg kg−1) + LPS (2.5 mg kg−1) intratracheally. The expression of mRNA for both COXs in the lung was evaluated 4 h after the intratracheal administration. The magnitude of COX‐1 mRNA expression was not altered in each group. The LPS treatment enhanced the COX‐2 gene expression compared with vehicle treatment. Washed DEP combined with LPS further increased its expression compared with LPS alone. In contrast, combined treatment of DEP‐OC with LPS decreased COX‐2 gene expression compared with LPS alone. These results suggest that the residual carbonaceous nuclei of DEP predominantly enhance lung expression of COX‐2 rather than the extracted organic chemicals from DEP in the presence of LPS, which is concomitant with the magnitude of acute lung injury in our previous study. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative sensitivity of Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis as test species for the FETAX model
Authors: Fort Douglas J. , Rogers Robert L. , Thomas John H. , Buzzard Brody O. , Noll Andra M. , Spaulding Clinton D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe use of Xenopus tropicalis as an alternative test species for the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay — Xenopus (FETAX) model was evaluated. Five test substances with varying developmental toxicity potential were evaluated using the traditional FETAX (X. laevis) and a modiﬁed assay to accommodate the use of X. tropicalis. Two separate deﬁnitive concentration–response tests were performed with ethanol, semicarbazide, copper, 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) and atrazine. In order to evaluate the impact of culture temperature on species sensitivity, tests with X. tropicalis were performed concurrently at 27 °C (optimum temperature) and 23 °C (traditional FETAX temperature). Tests with X. laevis were performed only at 23 °C (optimal for X. laevis). Regardless of culture temperature, tests with X. laevis and X. tropicalis indicated that each of the compounds possessed teratogenic potential: semicarbazide>6‐AN>atrazine≈copper>ethanol. Results from these studies indicated that these two species responded similarly to the test compounds. Xenopus tropicalis was somewhat less sensitive to 6‐AN, semicarbizide and atrazine when tested at 27 °C than at 23 °C. Ethanol, copper and atrazine were reasonably equipotent in X. tropicalis and X. laevis in terms of teratogenic response (ec50 for malformation), whereas 6‐AN and semicarbizide were less potent in X. tropicalis than in X. laevis. No substantial differences (order of magnitude) in potency were observed between X. laevis and X. tropicalis with any of the test materials evaluated. Malformation syndromes induced in both species were similar in X. tropicalis and X. laevis. These results suggested that X. tropicalis could be used effectively as a test organism for the FETAX model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microscale multilayer cocultures for biomimetic blood vessels
Authors: Tan Wei , Desai Tejal A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLiving tissues have complex and well‐organized microstructures. Although microtechnology has been used to create in vivo‐like cell microstructures in vitro, most available microscale systems are two‐dimensional, and few three‐dimensional (3D) systems have been explored. This article demonstrates a 3D hierarchical biomimetic multilayer microsystem created by a generally applicable technique. The technique employs layer‐by‐layer microfluidics to build layers of cells and biopolymers in microchannels, allowing controlled patterning of cells and their microenvironments in the x, y, and z‐dimension. As a prototype, a multilayer system was created using three vascular cell types within heterogeneous types of biopolymers to mimic the structure and composition of a blood vessel wall. The effects of matrix composition and multilayer configurations on 3D cell–cell interactions and cell biology were revealed. Cell migration in the z‐dimension, matrix remodeling, intercellular adhesion molecule expression and actin organization were examined under different 3D coculture conditions. A more biomimetic coculture was found to reproduce a more stable structure and in vivo‐like function. This approach provides a method to fabricate microscale hierarchical “neotissues” with 3D configurations of matrix materials and multiple cell types, and an in vitro cell coculture model to understand 3D processes of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 146–160, 2005
A new vision for the field: Introduction to the second special issue on the unified theory
Authors: Henriques Gregg R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis is the second of two issues of the Journal of Clinical Psychology focused on the validity and usefulness of a new theoretical vision for the field (Henriques, 2003). The first two contributions from Rand and Ilardi and Geary both enrich the argument that psychology needs to be effectively connected with biology and physics and that the unified theory (via Behavioral Investment Theory) is highly successful in this way. The authors of the subsequent three articles—Shaffer, Quackenbush, and Shealy—show that the Tree of Knowledge System (through the Justification Hypothesis) is deeply commensurate with the dominant paradigms in the social sciences. Thus, the group of authors of these five articles demonstrates the viability of the unified theory both from bottom‐up and top‐down viewpoints. In the sixth article, the author addresses some important problems that potentially arise with the development of a clearly defined discipline. In the concluding article I address the concerns about the proposal raised by the contributors to the two special issues and articulate how the unified theory lays the foundation for the development of a useful mass movement in psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The motivation to control and the origin of mind: Exploring the life–mind joint point in the Tree of Knowledge System
Authors: Geary David C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe evolved function of brain, cognitive, affective, conscious‐psychological, and behavioral systems is to enable animals to attempt to gain control of the social (e.g., mates), biological (e.g., prey), and physical (e.g., nesting spots) resources that have tended to covary with survival and reproductive outcomes during the species' evolutionary history. These resources generate information patterns that range from invariant to variant. Invariant information is consistent across generations and within lifetimes (e.g., the prototypical shape of a human face) and is associated with modular brain and cognitive systems that coalesce around the domains of folk psychology, folk biology, and folk physics. The processing of information in these domains is implicit and results in automatic bottom‐up behavioral responses. Variant information varies across generations and within lifetimes (e.g., as in social dynamics) and is associated with plastic brain and cognitive systems and explicit, consciously driven top‐down behavioral responses. The fundamentals of this motivation‐to‐control model are outlined and links are made to Henriques' (2004) Tree of Knowledge System and Behavioral Investment Theory. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
T2‐weighted spine imaging with a fast three‐point dixon technique: Comparison with chemical shift selective fat suppression
Authors: Ma Jingfei , Singh Sanjay K. , Kumar Ashok J. , Leeds Norman E. , Zhan Jiping 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeTo develop a phased‐array coil‐compatible, fast three‐point Dixon (TPD) technique, and compare its performance in T2‐weighted spine imaging with that of the standard chemical shift selective (CHESS) fat suppression technique.Materials and MethodsWe acquired T2‐weighted spine images of 27 patients using essentially identical scanning parameters with the fast TPD technique and standard fast spin echo (FSE) with CHESS fat suppression. A phased‐array coil‐compatible image reconstruction algorithm was developed to generate separate water and fat images from the data acquired with the fast TPD technique. Three neuroradiologists independently scored the images from the two different techniques for uniformity of fat suppression and lesion conspicuity using a four‐point system (1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = best).ResultsThe reviewers' mean scores were 3.2 and 2.1 for the uniformity of fat suppression, and 3.0 and 2.0 for the lesion conspicuity for the fast TPD and the CHESS fat suppression techniques, respectively. The fast TPD technique was statistically superior to the CHESS technique at P < 0.0005.ConclusionThe fast TPD technique provides superior fat suppression and lesion conspicuity, and potentially can be used as an alternative to T2‐weighted imaging of the spine. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:1025–1029. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.