bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of sepsis and reactive oxygen species on skeletal muscle interstitial oxygen pressure during contractions
Authors: Hitosugi Naoki , Hotta Kazuki , Taketa Yoshikazu , Takamizawa Ren , Fujii Yutaka , Ikegami Ryo , Tamiya Hajime , Inoue Tatsuro , Tsubaki Atsuhiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to examine the effect of sepsis on the dynamics of skeletal muscle partial oxygen pressure during muscle contractions as well as the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (ascorbic acid, Asc).MethodsTwenty‐seven male Sprague–Dawley rats (2–3 months old) were randomly assigned to three groups; sham, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or CLP plus ascorbic acid treatment group (CLP + Asc). Electrical stimuli‐induced muscle contractions and partial oxygen pressure measurements were performed at 3 h after CLP. The interstitial oxygen pressure (PO2is) in the spinotrapezius muscle was measured by the phosphorescence quenching method.ResultsThe PO2is at rest was not different between the three groups. The PO2is decreased from rest to contraction in all groups. Compared to the sham, the time to decrease PO2is was significantly faster in CLP but not in CLP + Asc (p < .05). Compared to the sham, the PO2is during muscle contractions was significantly lower in both CLP and CLP + Asc (p < .05, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest that CLP‐induced sepsis accelerated the decay of PO2is at the onset of muscle contractions and maintained a low level of PO2is during muscle contractions.
Validity and internal consistency of four scales in patients with TMD: PHQ8, GAD7, PHQ15 and JFLS20
Authors: Taimeh Dina , Riordain Richeal Ni , Fedele Stefano , Leeson Rachel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to explore the structural validity and internal consistency reliability of General Anxiety Disorder‐7, Patient Health Questionnaire‐8, 15 and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐20 in patients with chronic pain of temporomandibular disorders.Materials and MethodsValidity and reliability were assessed in 129 patients diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Structural validity was explored using factor analysis, and internal consistency by calculating Cronbach α.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis revealed a suitable 2‐factor model for Patient Health Questionnaire‐8, with Cronbach α of 0.89, and 0.86. One and 2‐factor models were suitable for General Anxiety Disorder‐7, with overall Cronbach α of 0.93 for the 1‐factor model, and 0.91 and 0.84 for both factors in a 2‐factor model. A 4‐factor solution was appropriate for Patient Health Questionnaire‐15, with Cronbach α of 0.72, 0.57, 0.71 and 0.73 for each factor separately. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to explore the factor structure of Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 20, and a 3‐factor solution was appropriate.ConclusionsThis study provides positive evidence of structural validity and internal consistency of these questionnaires in patients with pain of temporomandibular disorders. However, additional testing is required to explore further psychometric properties.
Targeting BRD4 attenuates the stemness and aggressiveness of ameloblastoma
Authors: Xie Jiaxiang , Zhang Jingqi , Xiong Gan , Ouyang Shengqi , Yun Bokai , Xu Xiuyun , Wang Wenjin , Zhang Ming , Xie Nan , Chen Demeng , Wang Cheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBRD4, belonging to the bromodomain extra‐terminal (BET) protein family, plays a unique role in tumor progression. However, the potential impact of BRD4 in ameloblastoma (AM) remains largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to assess the expression and functional role of BRD4 in AM.MethodsThe expression level of BRD4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenic abilities of AM cells were assessed by a series of assays. To explore the molecular expression profile of BRD4‐depleted AM cells, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on AM expression matrices obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The therapeutic efficacy of BET‐inhibitors (BETi) was assessed with AM patient‐derived organoids.ResultsUpregulation of BRD4 was observed in conventional AMs, recurrent AMs, and ameloblastic carcinomas. Depletion of BRD4 inhibited proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis in AM. Administration of BETi attenuated the aggressiveness of AM and the growth of AM patient‐derived organoids. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that BRD4 may promote AM progression by regulating the Wnt pathway and stemness‐associated pathways.ConclusionBRD4 increases the aggressiveness and promotes the recurrence of ameloblastoma by regulating the Wnt pathway and stemness‐associated pathways. These findings highlight BRD4 as a promising therapeutic target in AM management.
Significant Enhancement of Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer by Misaligned Bilayer Heterostructure of Graphene-Covered Gratings
Authors: Cui Gui-Cheng , Zhou Cheng-Long , Zhang Yong , Yi Hong-Liang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The near-field radiative heat transfer of heterostructure consisting of SiC gratings and graphene is investigated in this work. The rigorous coupled-wave analysis is employed to calculate the spectral heat flux. Nevertheless, monolayer heterostructure and nonmisaligned bilayer heterostructure consistently suffer from a lack of spectral heat flux. In this work, we investigate the prominent effect of misaligned bilayer heterostructure in enhancing near-field radiative heat transfer by plotting energy transmission coefficients and electromagnetic fields. The results show that when the misalignment reaches half a period, the bilayer heterostructure exhibits optimal performance with a total heat flux of 3.5 × 104 W/m2. Besides the well-known coupled surface phonon polaritons supported by SiC gratings, the surface plasmon polaritons supported by graphene dominate the enhancement of heat flux from 0.01 × 1014 rad/s to 1.5 × 1014 rad/s. Due to the spatial misalignment of the upper and lower gratings, the lower layer graphene surface plasmon polaritons are intensified, compensating for the lack of spectral heat flux. Meanwhile, the graphene surface plasmon polaritons and SiC surface phonon polaritons can be hybridized to form surface plasmon-phonon polaritons. In addition, the dynamic modulation of near-field radiative heat transfer in the misalignment state is achieved by manipulating the Fermi level of graphene. We finally show that the superiority of misaligned heterostructure is robust with respect to the frequency shift in the phonon band, providing an effective way to improve the near-field radiative heat transfer in different configuration.
Numerical Investigations on Enhancement of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on a Mixed Wettability Surface Employing Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Das Sonali Priyadarshini , Bhattacharya Anandaroop 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a systematic numerical study of pool boiling heat transfer on a mixed wettability heated surface is done using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with a multiple relaxation time (MRT)-based collision operator. The effect of the design parameters, viz, size of the hydrophobic patch (D), spacing between hydrophobic patches (L), number of hydrophobic patches (N), and uneven-sized patches, on pool boiling was studied and results are explained through detailed analysis of bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence, and departure from the heated surface. The results show that mixed wettability surfaces with strategically sized and positioned hydrophobic patches on a hydrophilic surface can result in high heat flux for pool boiling across the entire range of surface superheat or Jacob number (Ja) by combining the advantages of hydrophobic surface in nucleate boiling and hydrophilic surface in transition and film boiling. Further, the mixed wettability surface can delay the onset of film boiling compared to a pure or superhydrophilic surface thereby resulting in higher critical heat flux (CHF). A hydrophobic to total surface area ratio of 30–40% was found to be optimal for all ranges of surface superheat or Jacob number (Ja), which agrees well with the experimental result of 38.46% reported by Motezakker et al. (2019, “Optimum Ratio of Hydrophobic to Hydrophilic Areas of Biphilic Surfaces in Thermal Fluid Systems Involving Boiling,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 135, pp. 164–174).
Explicit and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Novel Polo Helmet Design: A Parametric Study
Authors: Al-Rawi Mohammad , Zheng Li , Best Russ 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Polo is a popular sport in New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, and many other countries. Polo is a vigorous sport involving players and horses moving at speed and can result in head injuries caused by falls. Helmets play a vital role in the safety and protection of Polo players. This study investigates different hemispheric bumper shapes of the helmet to improve the impact resistance performance using finite element analysis (FEA) and explicit dynamics analysis (EDA). The aerodynamic performance of the proposed helmet is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to account for drag impact on the Polo player's speed. These are investigated for impact resistance and the drag coefficient under different speeds. The EDA results show that the new proposed bumper will absorb the impact and reduce the energy transferred to the inside foam at a relative impact speed of 6.2 m/s, as recommended by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), with a maximum total deformation of 4.42 mm compared to 4.19 mm and 3.85 mm for impact speeds of 5.9 m/s by the European standard PAS015:2011 helmets for equestrian use and 5.42 m/s BS EN 1078 helmets for bicyclists' use, respectively. Additionally, under speeds ranging from 15 km/h to 65 km/h, the new helmet demonstrated a drag coefficient of 0.454, similar to that of the national team helmet, at 0.423.
Linear Quadratic Optimal Robust Multivariable Proportional-Integral Control Design for a Boiler-Turbine Unit
Authors: Gopmandal Falguni , Ghosh Arun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Boiler-turbine unit is a highly nonlinear, coupled, and ill-conditioned system. Moreover, the presence of physical constraints, such as actuator magnitude and rate limits, makes the system difficult to control. This paper employs a fixed multivariable proportional-integral (PI) controller of the I–P structure for robust linear quadratic (LQ) compensation of a nonlinear boiler-turbine benchmark. In order to ensure that a single PI controller works for the whole operating region of this nonlinear system, the linearized model of the system is represented as a norm-bounded, time-varying uncertain system. The ranges of the uncertain parameters of this linearized model are determined from different operating points of the nonlinear system. To design the PI controller for the uncertain system, first, it is transformed into a state feedback design for an augmented uncertain system and then the state feedback gains satisfying some LQ performance limit are computed by solving a linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem. As the uncertainty in the feedforward matrix of the linearized model cannot be considered in the above design process, an LMI-based method is developed to check if the designed PI controller performance in H∞ sense is close to the one if the neglected uncertainty is included. The performance of the controller is tested on the nonlinear boiler-turbine unit under several operating conditions and physical constraints. Comparisons are also made with some existing PI controllers, to show the superiority of the proposed robust PI controller.
Maximum Likelihood Identification of Backflow Vortex Instability in Rocket Engine Inducers
Authors: Guidolotti Stefano , d'Agostino Luca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bayesian estimation is applied to the analysis of backflow vortex instabilities in typical three- and four-bladed liquid propellant rocket engine inducers. The flow in the impeller eye is modeled as a set of equally intense and evenly spaced 2D axial vortices, located at the same radial distance from the axis and rotating at a fraction of the impeller speed. The circle theorem is used to predict the flow pressure in terms of the vortex number, intensity, rotational speed, and radial position. The theoretical spectra so obtained are frequency broadened to mimic the dispersion of the experimental results and parametrically fitted to the measured data by maximum likelihood estimation with equal and independent Gaussian errors. The method is applied to three inducers, tested in water at room temperature and different operating conditions. It successfully characterizes backflow instabilities using the signals of a single pressure transducer flush-mounted in the impeller eye, effectively bypassing the aliasing limitations and the data acquisition/reduction complexities of traditional multiple-sensor cross-correlation methods. The identification returns the estimates of the model parameters and their standard deviations, providing the information necessary for assessing the accuracy and statistical significance of the results. The flowrate is found to be the major factor affecting the backflow vortex instability, which, on the other hand, is rather insensitive to the occurrence of cavitation. The results are consistent with the data reported in the literature, as well as with those generated by the auxiliary models specifically developed for initializing the maximum likelihood searches and supporting the identification procedure.
A Note on Performance Assessment of Signal Energy–Based Acoustic Source Localization in a Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Plate
Authors: Alnuaimi Hamad , Amjad Umar , Sen Novonil , Kundu Tribikram 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The effectiveness of the signal energy–based acoustic source localization approach in practical applications has yet to be established. This is addressed herein by conducting an experimental study on a 500 mm × 500 mm carbon fiber–reinforced polymer plate and generating artificial acoustic events in the plate. Upon acquiring the propagating wave signals at several well-scattered sensors, the signal energy–based approach is applied, and the accuracy of the source localization results is noted. Seven experiments are performed with varying source locations, sensor-plate bonding, and excitation types. This approach has performed well for five experiments with source localization errors below 15 mm. The remaining two experiments where the acoustic sources are relatively close to the plate edges compared to the other experiments have, however, produced large localization errors, indicating a scope of improvement in the approach to encompass all situations.
Nonlinear Vibration-Based Quantitative Evaluation of Fatigue Cracks
Authors: Xu Wei , Lu Qitian , Cao Maosen , Ostachowicz Wiesław 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fatigue cracks can cause nonlinearities in the vibration responses of cracked structural components. Nevertheless, it is difficult to extract crack-induced weak dynamic nonlinearities, leading to a noticeable barrier to evaluating the severities of the fatigue cracks. To overcome this barrier, this study proposes a nonlinear vibration-based approach for quantitatively evaluating fatigue cracks. The singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is utilized to process structural vibration responses, by which crack-induced dynamic nonlinearities are extracted and embodied in the status features (SFs). In the status space, the dispersed distributions of the SF clusters can visually characterize different crack statuses. In addition, the 3D probability density functions of the SFs are formed, based on which a status probability index is established to quantify the relative probabilities of different known crack statuses. Hereby, the fatigue cracks can be quantitatively evaluated in a probabilistic manner. The approach is experimentally validated on a steel cantilever beam with a fatigue crack. The beam is excited by an electromagnetic shaker, steady-state velocity responses of which are acquired from its free end through noncontact measurement using a Doppler laser vibrometer. The open extents of the fatigue crack are controlled by the excitation amplitudes. The results prove that the approach can visually characterize the crack statuses corresponding to different open extents and quantify their relative probabilities.
A Data-Driven Method for Average Grain Size Assessment using Ultrasonic Guided Wave
Authors: Gao Chenjun , Sun Peipei , Peipei Xuefei , He Jingjing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The grain size of polycrystalline metals has been one of the important material property parameters of interest in aerospace and industrial fields. As a nondestructive, convenient, and low-cost approach, the nondestructive evaluation technique based on ultrasonic guided waves has the potential to replace traditional destructive methods such as optical metallography for rapid assessment of grain size. Currently, several studies have demonstrated that multiple features of ultrasonic bulk waves can be used for the quantitative assessment of material microstructure parameters. However, bulk wave methods have limitations in the face of structures with large sizes commonly found in engineering practice. Despite the excellent properties of guided waves for rapid scanning of large areas, there is still a lack of discussion on the use of guided waves for grain size assessment. This paper proposes a data-driven model for guided-wave grain size assessment. The amplitude attenuation, coda wave energy attenuation, and cross-correlation decay are used as three grain-size sensitive characteristic features to construct a linear response surface model. The developed model is validated by a series of GH742 alloy specimens with different average grain sizes.
Learning Tensor Representations to Improve Quality of Wavefield Data
Authors: Tetali Harsha Vardhan , Harley Joel B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent advancements in physics-informed machine learning have contributed to solving partial differential equations through means of a neural network. Following this, several physics-informed neural network works have followed to solve inverse problems arising in structural health monitoring. Other works involving physics-informed neural networks solve the wave equation with partial data and modeling wavefield data generator for efficient sound data generation. While a lot of work has been done to show that partial differential equations can be solved and identified using a neural network, little work has been done the same with more basic machine learning (ML) models. The advantage with basic ML models is that the parameters learned in a simpler model are both more interpretable and extensible. For applications such as ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation, this interpretability is essential for trustworthiness of the methods and characterization of the material system under test. In this work, we show an interpretable, physics-informed representation learning framework that can analyze data across multiple dimensions (e.g., two dimensions of space and one dimension of time). The algorithm comes with convergence guarantees. In addition, our algorithm provides interpretability of the learned model as the parameters correspond to the individual solutions extracted from data. We demonstrate how this algorithm functions with wavefield videos.
Damage Localization in Plates Using Energy of Acoustic Emission through Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Ojha Shivam , Shelke Amit , Tiwari Shashi Bhushan , Santhosh B , Thomas Shaji , Habib Anowarul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The modern infrastructures are well equipped with piezoelectric sensors primarily installed for data collection indirectly helps in condition monitoring of the structure. The acoustic source localization (ASL) is one of the domains in which the source of the acoustic emission is identified using guided ultrasonic wave propagation. This paper presents a novel approach for damage localization in the anisotropic plates utilizing the energy of the acoustic response received by sensors. The acoustic signal is filtered and segmented simultaneously through empirical mode decomposition (EMD). For each receiving sensor, the acoustic signal is segmented into at least three intrinsic mode functions (IMF), and the energy of each IMFs is calculated. The nonlinear and complex relation between IMFs energy and the coordinates of impact location is modeled using Gaussian process regression (GPR). For each of the coordinates, there is a separate trained GPR function that relates it to IMFs resulting in two GPR models working in parallel to predict the impact location through the energy response of the signal. The proposed approach is trained as well as validated through the experiment conducted on a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite panel instrumented with a sparse array of piezoelectric sensors. The results unveil the performance of the proposed framework that adequately identifies the location of the impact.
Measurement of Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Plates using Low-Cost Equipment
Authors: Loveday Philip , Fromme Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Guided wave ultrasound can be used to efficiently inspect and monitor large, thin-walled structures where the boundaries of the structure guide the propagation of wave energy, such as pipes and plates. In these structures the guided wave propagation can be used to inspect a large volume of the structure from a limited number of sensor locations, making permanently installed monitoring systems for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) possible. Guided wave ultrasound, however, is complicated due to the presence of multiple modes of propagation and dispersion, causing the signals to become distorted as they propagate. This complexity makes both analytical analysis and experimental measurements essential for performing research in this area.
Specialized laboratory equipment such as non-contact laser vibrometers, power amplifiers, or high specification oscilloscopes can be very expensive and unaffordable. This contribution presents a preliminary investigation on what can be achieved experimentally using low-cost (USD 1000) equipment, suitable for research and teaching in circumstances with limited budgets. Using the example of low frequency guided wave propagation (A0 mode) in an isotropic plate, the influence of different measurement configurations on the accuracy of phase velocity quantification was investigated. Results from two different experimental setups employing high or low-cost equipment and different settings were evaluated and quantified. Accuracy of sensor movement and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were found to have a significant influence on measurement repeatability and methods to reduce these effects were applied.