bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between histopathological features of chemotherapy treated retinoblastoma and P‐glycoprotein expression
Authors: Souza Filho João P , Martins Maria C , Caissie Amanda L , Torres Virginia LL , Fernandes Luiza HCF , Erwenne Clelia M , Burnier Miguel N 
Published: June 2005

Abstract Background: P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) has been identifiedas a possible mediator of chemoresistance in retinoblastoma. Theaim of this study was to determine the expression of P‐gp in retinoblastomatreated with chemotherapy prior to enucleation. Methods: Seventeen enucleated specimens of retinoblastomafrom 16 patients were studied. Nine had been treated with chemotherapyalone, and eight had been treated with chemotherapy and other formsof local treatment. Tumour differentiation as well as choroidaland optic nerve invasion were assessed. P‐gp immunohistochemicalstaining was performed and evaluated as negative, low or high. Results: Histopathological assessment of thecases showed that 14 of 17 eyes (82.3%) had viable retinoblastomacells. Nine retinoblastomas were considered regressed with a well‐differentiatedcomponent, five regressed retinoblastomas had viable cells withpoor differentiation and three retinoblastomas had regressed leavingno viable cells. Sixteen of 17 retinoblastomas were P‐gp positive.In the one case with optic nerve invasion and the three cases with massivechoroidal invasion, P‐gp expression was found in invading retinoblastomacells. Conclusion: Almost all retinoblastomas expressedP‐gp. High levels of P‐gp expression might play a role in chemotherapyresistance of retinoblastoma or, conversely, chemotherapymight induce P‐gp expression. These results might have an impacton management of bilateral retinoblastoma.
Agreement between stereoscopic photographs, clinical assessment, Heidelberg retina tomograph and digital stereoscopic optic disc camera in estimating verticalcup:disc ratio
Authors: Jayasundera Thiran , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V , Donaldson Mark , Gamble Greg 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground:  The purpose of the present study was to determine the agreement between stereo photography, Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT), digital stereoscopic optic disc camera (DISCAM) and ophthalmoscopy in estimating the vertical cup : disc ratio (VCDR).Methods:  One hundred and ninety‐nine eyes of 100 subjects from glaucoma clinics were examined by a single glaucoma specialist and the VCDR on ophthalmoscopy was recorded. All eyes were classified as definite glaucoma, glaucoma suspect or no glaucoma based on the entire clinical assessment. Two glaucoma specialists viewed stereo photographs of the eyes separately and independently. A trained technician acquired HRT and DISCAM images. The agreement of VCDR among the four modalities was assessed by the method described by Bland and Altman.Results:  Of the 199 eyes, 28.1% were classified as definite glaucoma, 36.2% as glaucoma suspect and 35.7% as no glaucoma. The 2 SD for the agreement between the two glaucoma specialists using stereo photographs was 0.18 VCDR. The 2 SD for the agreement between stereo photographs and HRT, DISCAM and ophthalmoscopy were 0.31, 0.31 and 0.28, respectively. The 2 SD for ophthalmoscopy and HRT was 0.32, for ophthalmoscopy and DISCAM it was 0.32, and for HRT and DISCAM it was 0.22. When the eyes were divided into tertiles according disc size and VCDR, the 2 SD was higher for smaller optic discs (<1.5 mm vertical height) and smaller optic cups (VCDR <0.4).Conclusions:  There was good agreement between VCDR values estimated independently using stereo photographs by the two clinicians. However, when the different modalities were compared using Bland and Altman analysis, all showed poor agreement with a large 2 SD. The agreement was worse for small discs and smaller cups. The VCDR values obtained by the different methods were found not to be interchangeable in a clinic setting.
Ocular association of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the global perspective
Authors: Ng Weng T , Versace Patrick 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOcular involvement is a common complication of HIV infection. Since the late 1990s, widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has altered the spectrum, and reduced the incidence of ocular involvement in developed countries. The incidence of the most common ocular opportunistic infection, cytomegalovirus retinitis, has decreased tremendously. However, immune recovery uveitis secondary to HAART has emerged as a frequent visually threatening condition. Early diagnosis and treatment with periocular steroids is helpful in minimizing visual loss. Clinicians should also be aware that certain antimicrobial agents used to treat opportunistic infections in HIV‐positive patients are associated with potentially serious ocular side effects. In developing countries, where most of the world's 40 million HIV‐positive patients live, the spectrum and incidence of ocular involvement differ from those in developed countries. The lack of HAART availability is among the many causes of these differences, which may include nutritional factors, basic medical care availability and the levels of exposure to different infectious agents. These factors add to the already challenging task of treating ocular complications and preventing blindness in HIV‐positive patients in developing countries.
Postural stability in primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Shabana Noor , Cornilleau‐Pérès Valérie , Droulez Jacques , Goh James CH , Lee Grace SM , Chew Paul TK 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground:  This study evaluated the visual contribution to postural steadiness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), in correlation with the mean deviation (MD) measured through conventional perimetry, and with the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score, which quantifies the extent of losses in the visual field.Methods:  In 35 POAG patients and 21 age‐matched normal subjects, the sway of the centre of pressure of the feet, on a firm or foam support, was recorded. The subjects stood on a force‐plate with eyes closed, or with one or two eyes open.Results:  For all subjects, the sway velocity was lower with vision than without vision, indicating the existence of a visual contribution to posture at all stages of glaucoma. This contribution was significantly lower for POAG patients than for normals in monocular and binocular vision, and decreased with the MD, or as the AGIS score increased. Among the maximum, minimum and average values of the two monocular MD, the MD of the worse eye presented the most significant negative correlation with the visual contribution to posture. The somatosensory contribution to postural steadiness was larger in POAG patients, as compared to normals, in monocular or binocular vision.Conclusion:  Primary open angle glaucoma induces a deficit in the visual contribution to postural steadiness, which should be taken into account for the prevention of falls.
Professor Peter Choyce: an early pioneer of intraocular lenses and corneal/refractive surgery
Authors: Pandey Suresh K , Apple David J 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProfessor Peter Choyce, FRCS, DOMS, MS, was one of the pioneers of intraocular lens implant surgery. He developed an interest in artificial lens implantation following cataract surgery, a procedure that was widely criticized by the ophthalmic establishment in the UK, Europe, North America and other countries. Owing to the opposition to the intraocular lenses, Peter Choyce together with Sir Harold Ridley cofounded the International Intraocular Implant Club in 1966, which was responsible for the gradual acceptance of artificial lens implantation. Peter Choyce developed several models of intraocular lens, but did not patent the majority of them. The Choyce Mark IX, manufactured by Rayner Intraocular Lenses, became the first US Food and Drug Administration‐approved intraocular lens in 1981. A review of Peter Choyce's record confirms a significant number of original innovations in the field of anterior segment surgery, including many procedures taken for granted today, but not associated with his name. These include early work on both kerato‐ and intraocular lens‐refractive procedures, keratoprosthesis, pioneering paediatric implant procedures and others. Unfortunately his tenacious adherence to anterior chamber lens technology, while in general clinically sound, caused many to question his influence and hence he remained poorly understood even until after his death. He passed away on 8 August 2001 after a long fight with colon cancer. In this article, we provide evidence and elaborate Peter Choyce's accomplishments, which places him as one of the most innovative ophthalmologist in his surgical field in the twentieth century.
The Association Between Obesity and the Frailty Syndrome in Older Women: The Women's Health and Aging Studies
Authors: Blaum Caroline S. , Xue Qian Li , Michelon Elisabete , Semba Richard D. , Fried Linda P. 
Published: June 2005

Objectives: To determine whether obesity is associated with the frailty phenotype and, if so, whether comorbid conditions or inflammatory markers explain this association.Design: Cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from the Women's Health and Aging Studies I (1992) and II (1994), complementary population‐based studies.Setting: Twelve contiguous ZIP code areas in Baltimore, Maryland.Participants: Five hundred ninety‐nine community‐dwelling women aged 70 to 79 with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 18.5 kg/m2.Measurements: The dependent variables were the frailty syndrome, including prefrailty, defined as presence of one or two of five frailty indicators (weakness, slowness, weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion), and frailty, defined as three or more indicators. Independent variables included BMI, categorized using World Health Organization criteria as normal (18.5 to <25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to <30 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2); chronic diseases; C‐reactive protein; and serum carotenoids.Results: Being overweight was significantly associated with prefrailty, and obesity was associated with prefrailty and frailty. In all frail women, regardless of BMI group, a similar pattern of three defining frailty indicators was found: slowness, weakness, and low activity (with the addition of weight loss in the normal weight group.) In multinomial regression models, obesity was significantly associated with prefrailty (odds ratio (OR)=2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.29–3.84) and frailty (OR=3.52, 95% CI=1.34–9.13), even when controlling for covariates.Conclusion: Obesity is associated with the frailty syndrome in older women in cross‐sectional data. This association remains significant even when multiple conditions associated with frailty are considered. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Claims Data Studies of Sedative‐Hypnotics and Hip Fractures in Older People: Exploring Residual Confounding Using Survey Information
Authors: Schneeweiss Sebastian , Wang Philip S. 
Published: June 2005

Objectives: To identify the magnitude of confounding bias caused by factors not measured in claims data studies of sedative‐hypnotic use and fractures.Design: Cross‐sectional survey data.Setting: Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS).Participants: Eight thousand seven hundred eighty‐five survey participants aged 65 and older.Measurements: To determine the association between sedative‐hypnotic use and potential confounding factors, five factors not measured in Medicare claims data but measured in the MCBS were assessed: body‐mass index, smoking, activity of daily living (ADL) score, cognitive impairment, and Rosow‐Breslau physical impairment scale. The association between benzodiazepine or zolpidem use and these five factors was estimated. Combined with literature estimates of the associations between confounders and fractures, it was possible to compute the extent of residual confounding bias caused by a failure to adjust for them.Results: Comparing zolpidem users with nonusers, there was considerable overestimation of an association with hip fractures if ADL scores (21.5% bias) or Rosow‐Breslau impairment scales (10.6%) were unobserved in claims data. All five unmeasured confounders together resulted in net confounding of 9.8% (range 0–39%). Comparing benzodiazepine users with nonusers, effect estimates were moderately biased (6.1%). After correction for this bias, the association observed in claims data (relative risk (RR)=1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.14–1.66) was comparable with that found in a recent study using clinical data (RR=1.20, 95% CI=0.72–2.00). In contrast to the clinical study, the claims data study achieved formal statistical significance because of its much larger size (288 vs 1,222 hip fractures).Conclusion: Claims data studies tend to overestimate the relationship between benzodiazepine use and hip fractures. After correcting for such bias, a statistically significant association persists. Concluding that there is no relationship at all based on small clinical studies that did not reach statistical significance may be misleading.
Cognitive Ability and Physical Performance in Middle‐Aged African Americans
Authors: Malmstrom Theodore K. , Wolinsky Fredric D. , Andresen Elena M. , Philip Miller J. , Miller Douglas K. 
Published: June 2005

Objectives: To investigate the association between cognitive ability and physical performance in a population‐based sample of middle‐aged African Americans.Design: Cross‐sectional study, 2000/2001.Setting: St. Louis, Missouri.Participants: Nine hundred ninety‐eight African Americans born between 1936 and 1950.Measurements: Cognitive function was measured using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Animal Naming Test of verbal fluency. Physical performance was measured using eight tests: chair stand, semitandem stand, tandem stand eyes open, tandem stand eyes closed, one‐leg stand, usual gait speed, grip strength, and peak expiratory flow.Results: There was a statistically significant and monotonic (progressively worsening) trend of the eight physical performance measures across cognitive tertiles in all eight MMSE analyses and five of eight Animal Naming analyses, controlling for age, sex, education, geographic area, depressive symptoms, and comorbid conditions.Conclusion: The association between physical performance and cognitive function appears robust. The results extend previous reports for adults aged 65 and older to a measure of verbal fluency and to a population‐based sample of African Americans aged 49 to 65. Further research is needed to disentangle the temporal sequence and identify potential interventions to prevent declines in function.
In vitro evaluation of prestorage pooled leukoreduced whole blood–derived platelets stored for up to 7 days
Authors: Heddle N.M. , Barty R.L. , Sigouin C.S. , Boye D.M. , Nelson E.J. , Blajchman M.A. , Kelton J.G. 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: Advantages to storing whole blood–derived platelets (PLTs) as a pool for 7 days would include operational efficiencies and facilitation of bacterial testing and pathogen inactivation. The in vitro quality of pre‐storage pooled PLTs stored for up to 7 days was assessed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Leukoreduced PLTs were pooled before storage (5 units/pool) and stored for either 5 or 7 days. Samples were collected at the time of pooling and either on Day 5 (n = 16‐29) or on Day 7 (n = 4‐30) and tested for biochemical and activation markers and morphology and/or shape change. Control PLTs were stored individually for 5 or 7 days and then tested as indicated above.RESULTS: The mean PLT counts (×109/L) were similar: control PLTs, 1344 (464 SD); and prestorage pooled PLTs, 1327 (220 SD; p = 0.93). On Day 5, the pH value was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.0001) for the prestorage pooled PLTs. Lactate and partial pressure of O2 (pO2) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.003). On Day 7 of storage, significant differences were noted with pH, pCO2, and hypotonic shock all being lower with the prestorage pooled product, whereas pO2, lactate, and morphology scores were higher (p values all < 0.03). Although significant differences were found, the magnitude of the difference would not be expected to impact on transfusion outcomes.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that prestorage pooled PLTs can be stored for up to 7 days; however, studies are needed to ensure that the clinical benefit of PLTs stored as a pool is not inferior to those stored individually.
Intraoperative blood loss during living donor liver transplantation: an analysis of 635 recipients at a single center
Authors: Yuasa Takeshi , Niwa Norimi , Kimura Shinya , Tsuji Hiroaki , Yurugi Kimiko , Egawa Hiroto , Tanaka Koichi , Asano Hiroaki , Maekawa Taira 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: Living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been an important option in the treatment of patients with end‐stage liver disease. Massive intraoperative blood loss can occur during LDLT, necessitating blood transfusion. The purpose of this study was to present blood loss data from the recipients of LDLT, to assess the effect of massive intraoperative blood loss on prognosis, and to assess the reliability of preoperative information in predicting intraoperative blood transfusion requirements in LDLT.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 635 patients who underwent LDLTs between January 1995 and March 2002 at a university hospital were retro‐ spectively investigated. The volume of blood loss, prognosis, and preoperative variables were analyzed statistically.RESULTS: Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 5.15 to 1980 mL per kg (mean, 136 mL/kg). Massive blood loss negatively affected survival not only immediately after operation (high blood loss [HBL]:low blood loss [LBL] ratio, 85.5%:93.9% at 1 month) but also over the long term (HBL:LBL, 61.4%:76.8% at 5 years). Preoperative risk factors for massive blood loss were determined to be recipient age (<1 years), weight (<10 kg), C‐reactive protein (>2 mg/dL), hematocrit (<30%), total bilirubin (>20.0 mg/dL), direct bilirubin (>16.0 mg/dL), and blood urea nitrogen levels (>30.0 mg/dL).CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors associated with massive intraoperative blood loss during LDLT were identified. This is the first analysis of blood loss during LDLT at a single center. Massive blood loss is a predictor of poor prognosis in LDLT patients.
Red blood cell depletion with a semiautomated system or hydroxyethyl starch sedimentation for routine cord blood banking: a comparative study
Authors: Solves Pilar , Mirabet Vicente , Planelles Dolores , Blasco Ignacio , Perales Alfredo , Carbonell‐Uberos Francisco , Soler M. Angeles , Roig Roberto 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: The major problem with long‐term cord blood (CB) banking is the required storage space. In this sense, many studies have been performed to establish techniques for volume reduction of CB units.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared two different methods for CB volume reduction in both development and routine phases: hydroxyethyl starch (HES) sedimentation and top‐and‐bottom fractionation with the Optipress II (Baxter Healthcare). Monitoring the total nucleated cell (TNC) count, lymphocytes, CD34+ cells, and colony‐forming unit (CFU) content in both preprocess and postprocess CB units assessed the volume reduction process.RESULTS: The CB units processed in both groups had comparable volume and cells counts before and after volume reduction, except for number of red blood cells (RBCs), which was significantly greater for the Optipress II group. Recoveries of CD34+ and RBC depletion were significantly better for the HES group. For routine processing, TNC and lymphocyte recoveries were significantly better for CB units processed by the Optipress II system. There was, however, significantly less depletion of RBCs for this group. The time required for CB processing with the Optipress II was significantly shorter than the time needed for volume reduction by addition of HES (25 ± 5 min vs. 55 ± 10 min).CONCLUSION: The volume reduction method with the Optipress II is a closed time‐saving system that allows good cell recoveries. In contrast, the main advantage of the HES method is the higher RBC depletion that influences CFU content. Reducing RBC content must be the object of further improvements for volume reduction using the Optipress II method.
HLA‐DRB1 alleles and Jka immunization
Authors: Reviron Denis , Dettori Isabelle , Ferrera Virginie , Legrand Dominique , Touinssi Mhammed , Mercier Pierre , De Micco Philippe , Chiaroni Jacques 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: In transfusion medicine, anti‐Jka has been implicated in hemolytic transfusion reactions. Development of anti‐Jka after transfusion does not always occur after Jk(a–) patients receive at least 1 unit of Jk(a+) blood unit. This study was designed to identify HLA‐DRB1 alleles associated with predisposition to Jka immunization after blood transfusion or pregnancy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe nonradioactive hybridization/sequence‐specific primers was performed in 20 Jka‐immunized patients and 200 controls from the same southern European population.RESULTS: Genotyping showed that HLA‐DRB1*01 was significantly more frequent in Jka‐immunized patients than controls: 55 percent versus 17 percent (odds ratio [OR], 5.9; confidence interval [CI], 2.3‐15.5; corrected p value < 0.05). Because HLA‐DRB1*0101, DRB1*0102, and DRB1*1001 share a common sequence in their B1 chain, that is, F in 13, R in 71, and A in 74, HLA genetic predisposition was analyzed by comparing patients and controls with respect to the distribution of F13/R71/A74‐positive and ‐negative alleles. Results demonstrated greater positivity of the F13/R71/A74 sequence (DRB1*0101, *0102, or *1001) in patients than in controls: 65 percent versus 19.5 percent (OR, 7.7; CI, 2.9‐20.5; p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: In conclusion, HLA‐DRB1*0101, DRB1*0102, and DRB1*1001, which share a common DRB1 sequence, appeared to be overrepresented in Jka‐immunized patients.
Why don’t young people volunteer to give blood? An investigation of the correlates of donation intentions among young nondonors
Authors: Lemmens K.P.H. , Abraham C. , Hoekstra T. , Ruiter R.A.C. , De Kort W.L.A.M. , Brug J. , Schaalma H.P. 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND: In the past decade, the number of blood donors has steadily declined in the Netherlands, and young adults are underrepresented among registered donors. An understanding of the correlates of donation intentions among nondonors could facilitate targeting psychological prerequisites of donation decisions in recruitment campaigns.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS. A cross‐sectional study with self‐administered questionnaires based on an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; a social cognition model to study the determinants of volitional behavior) was conducted to assess potential cognitive determinants of willingness to donate blood in a student sample. A response rate of 50.5 percent yielded a sample of 311.RESULTS: Just over 7 percent of participants were registered blood donors but most (61.7%) had never seriously considered becoming donors. Self‐efficacy (confidence in performing the behavior), attitude (the overall evaluation of the behavior), and personal moral norm (the perceived personal responsibility to perform the behavior) regarding blood donation were the most important correlates of the intention to become a blood donor. In total, 43 percent of the variance in the intentions toward blood donation could be explained by a TPB‐based model.CONCLUSION: Among students, determinants of the intention to become a blood donor include self‐efficacy, attitude, personal moral norm regarding blood donation, and subjective norm (perceived social support). Future research could establish whether campaigns targeting these psychological prerequisites would be more effective than current strategies.