bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns in the Sequential Treatment of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Starting a Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug: 10‐Year Experience From a US‐Based Registry
Authors: Matsson Anton , Solomon Daniel H. , Crabtree Margaux M. , Harrison Ryan W. , Litman Heather J. , Johansson Fredrik D. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveDeveloping and evaluating new treatment guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on observational data requires a quantitative understanding of patterns in current treatment practice with biologic and targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs).MethodsWe used data from the CorEvitas RA registry to study patients starting their first b/tsDMARD therapy, defined as the first line of therapy, between 2012 and the end of 2021. We identified treatment patterns as unique sequences of therapy changes following and including the first‐line therapy. Therapy cycling was defined as switching back to a treatment from a previously used therapeutic class.ResultsA total of 6015 b/tsDMARD‐naïve patients (77% female) were included in the analysis. Their median age was 58 years, and their median disease duration was 3 years. In 2012–2014, 80% of the patients started a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) as their first b/tsDMARD. However, the use of TNFi decreased in favor of Janus kinase inhibitors since 2015. Although the number of treatment patterns was large, therapy cycling was relatively common. For example, 601 patterns were observed among 1133 patients who changed therapy at least four times, of whom 85.3% experienced therapy cycling. Furthermore, the duration of each of the first three lines of therapy decreased over the past decade. For example, the median duration of the first‐line therapy was 153 days in 2018–2021 compared to 208 days in 2015–2017 (P < 0.001).ConclusionFirst‐line therapy was almost always TNFi, but diversity in treatment choice was high after that. This practice variation allows for proposing and evaluating new guidelines for sequential treatment of RA. It also presents statistical challenges to compare patients with different treatment sequences.
Realizing Remarkable Improvement of Electrical Performance in N‐Type BiSbSe3 via In Situ Compositing
Authors: Wang Sining , Zhang Linlin , Hong Tao , Su Lizhong , Wen Yi , Qin Bingchao , Xiao Yu , Wang Yuping , Shi Haonan , Zheng Junqing , Qiu Yuting , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiSbSe3 is a Te‐free thermoelectric material with intrinsically low thermal conductivity. Its thermoelectric performance is limited by poor electrical conductivity. To optimize electrical conductivity, Bi2SbSe3 with high carrier concentration and mobility is introduced to BiSbSe3 matrix through in situ reaction and conventional mechanical mixing. In both methods, carrier concentrations are improved by carrier injection and redistribution. Carrier mobility is manipulated based on microstructure. In the conventional method, isolated flake‐shaped Bi2SbSe3 grains with weak‐bonding phase boundaries restrict carrier mobility. For the in situ method, irregular Bi2SbSe3 connects into conductive networks inducing a percolation effect, and in situ formed small‐angle phase boundaries barely impede carriers. Thus, the carrier mobilities of in situ composites are significantly improved and higher than that of conventional composites. Simultaneously optimized carrier concentration and mobility remarkably enhance electrical conductivity over the whole working temperature. Maximum electrical conductivity of 378 S cm−1 is achieved in BiSbSe3‐38 vol% Bi2SbSe3 in situ composites at 300 K, obtaining more than 300% improvement compared with 124 S cm−1 in BiSbSe3 matrix. Lattice thermal conductivity is reduced at a low compositing fraction. Ultimately, a record‐breaking average ZT of 0.65 (300–750 K) is attained in BiSbSe3‐13 vol% Bi2SbSe3 in situ composite. The in situ compositing method in this work effectively optimizes electrical performance, anticipated to be applied in other thermoelectric materials.
Vibrational Coupling to Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum under Tailored Coupling Conditions
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Devi Hemam Rachna , Iwanaga Masanobu , Nagao Tadaaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotonic resonance modes can be spectrally coupled to the vibrational modes of molecules in the mid‐infrared regime through interactions between localized electric fields and nearby molecules. According to recent studies, radiative loss engineering of coupled systems is a promising approach for tailoring coupling conditions and enhancing the molecular signals. However, this strategy has only been realized using the localized surface plasmon resonances of metal nanostructures, which suffer from increased ohmic loss in the mid‐infrared region and face serious limitations in achieving high quality (Q) factors. In this study, silicon‐based metasurfaces formed on silicon‐on‐insulator wafers are adopted to achieve high Q factors and tune the coupling conditions between the quasi‐bound states in the continuum (qBICs) and molecular vibrations. The coupling between the resonance mode and polymethyl methacrylate molecules is tailored from weak to strong coupling regimes by simply changing the structural asymmetry parameter and utilizing the intrinsically high Q factors of the qBIC modes. In addition, the optimal asymmetry parameter that maximizes the enhanced molecular signal is identified, opening a route toward realizing highly sensitive surface‐enhanced infrared spectroscopy using complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible all‐dielectric materials.
Guidelines for Designing Water‐Stable Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskites with Broad Emission
Authors: Chen Congcong , Zhang Luming , Ji Xiaoqing , Zhang Xuanyu , Gong Yaping , Chen Rui , Mao Lingling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHybrid lead halide perovskites have generated increasing attention for their high performance in optoelectronic applications. One main drawback of these materials is the sensitivity to moisture, which contributes heavily to the ultimate decomposition. Here, this study takes advantage of the reported representative white‐light emitting lead bromide perovskite and three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite as the subject of water‐stability study. It is reported here that other than observed phase transformation in one case, the majority of these perovskites break down in water rapidly, precipitating out as an inorganic salt compound Pb3Br6[H2O]·H2O. As these materials are studied in detail, it is discovered that better coverage of the hydrophobic organic cation enhances the water stability. Taking this idea further, it is demonstrated here that five new one‐dimensional (1D) lead bromide compounds have superior water stability, where the longest stability when completely immersed in water is more than one year and counting. This work provides a new mechanism regarding the degradation process when encountering moisture and general guidelines to increase the water stability for the lead bromide hybrids.
Direct Synthesis of Metal–Organic Framework Sols: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Xie Hongshen , Yuan Hongye , Xu Liujie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe intrinsic lack of processability in the conventional nano/microcrystalline powder form of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) greatly limits their application in various fields. Synthesis of MOFs with certain flowability make them promising for multitudinous applications. The direct synthesis strategy represents one of the simplest and efficient method for synthesizing solution processable MOF sols/suspensions, compared with other approaches, for instance, the post‐synthesis surface modification, the direct dispersion of MOFs in hindered ionic liquids, as well as the calcination method toward a few MOFs with melting behavior. This article reviews the recent direct synthesis strategies of solution processable MOF sols and their typical applications in different fields. The direct synthesis strategies of MOF sols can be classified into two categories: particle size reduction strategy, and selective coordination strategy. The synthesis mechanism of different strategies and the factors affecting the formation of sols are summarized. The application of solution processable MOF sols in different fields are introduced, showing great application potentials. Furthermore, the challenges faced by the direct synthesis of MOF sols and the main methods to deal with the challenges are emphasized, and the future development trend is prospected.
Asymmetric Nanoporous Alumina Membranes for Nanofluidic Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Huijie , Wang Jin , Li Lulu , Sun Hanjun , Wang Chen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe potential of harnessing osmotic energy from the interaction between seawater and river water has been recognized as a promising, eco‐friendly, renewable, and sustainable source of power. The reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology has gained significant interest for its ability to generate electricity by combining concentrated and diluted streams with different levels of salinity. Nanofluidic membranes with tailored ion transport dynamics enable efficient harvesting of renewable osmotic energy. In this regard, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes with abundant nanochannels provide a cost‐effective nanofluidic platform to obtain structures with a high density of ordered pores. AAO can be utilized in constructing asymmetric composite membranes with enhanced ion flux and selectivity to improve output power generation. In this review, we first present the fundamental structure and properties of AAO, followed by summarizing the fabrication techniques for asymmetric membranes using AAO and other nanostructured materials. Subsequently, we discuss the materials employed in constructing asymmetric structures incorporating AAO while emphasizing how material selection and design can resist and promote efficient energy conversion. Finally, we provide an outlook on future applications and address the challenges that need to be overcome for successful osmotic energy conversion.
Deep generative models for vehicle speed trajectories
Authors: Behnia Farnaz , Karbowski Dominik , Sokolov Vadim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGenerating realistic vehicle speed trajectories is a crucial component in evaluating vehicle fuel economy and in predictive control of self‐driving cars. Traditional generative models rely on Markov chain methods and can produce accurate synthetic trajectories but are subject to the curse of dimensionality. They do not allow to include conditional input variables into the generation process. In this paper, we show how extensions to deep generative models allow accurate and scalable generation. Proposed architectures involve recurrent and feed‐forward layers and are trained using adversarial techniques. Our models are shown to perform well on generating vehicle trajectories using a model trained on GPS data from Chicago metropolitan area.
As a matter of fat: Emerging roles of lipid‐sensitive E3 ubiquitin ligases
Authors: Gawden‐Bone Christian M. , Lehner Paul J. , Volkmar Norbert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe dynamic structure and composition of lipid membranes need to be tightly regulated to control the vast array of cellular processes from cell and organelle morphology to protein‐protein interactions and signal transduction pathways. To maintain membrane integrity, sense‐and‐response systems monitor and adjust membrane lipid composition to the ever‐changing cellular environment, but only a relatively small number of control systems have been described. Here, we explore the emerging role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system in monitoring and maintaining membrane lipid composition. We focus on the ER‐resident RNF145 E3 ubiquitin ligase, its role in regulating adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2), its lipid hydrolase substrate, and the broader implications for understanding the homeostatic processes that fine‐tune cellular membrane composition.
What is unique about sustainable business models for the base of the pyramid?
Authors: Méndez‐León Eduardo , Díaz‐Pichardo René , Reyes‐Carrillo Tatiana , del Rosario Reyes‐Santiago María 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch on sustainable business models (SBMs) has been hindered by the use of traditional business model (BM) components indiscriminately applied to explain sustainable value (SV). Moreover, little has been done to reveal key components in BMs aiming to address the needs of the poor; that is, that part of the population referred to as the base of the pyramid (BoP). Following a case study methodology, we observe that conventional components are insufficient to clearly explain SV in SBMs for the BoP. The main contribution of this research is that it discloses that in SBMs for the BoP, activities (grouped into elements and components) are distinctively amalgamated to produce SV. This arrangement might be unique to SBMs for the BoP, and here we opt to present it in the form of a framework that articulates both a priori and emergent components and elements. In this framework, value adoption and value transmission are integrated as new components for analyzing this type of BM.
Intravascular lithotripsy compared to rotational atherectomy for the treatment of calcified distal left main coronary artery disease: A single center experience
Authors: Sandesara Pratik B. , Elhage Hassan Malika , Shekiladze Nikoloz , Turk Ahmad Al , Montrivade Sakolwat , Gold Daniel , Kindya Bryan , Rinfret Stephane , Nicholson William J. , Jaber Wissam A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and efficacy of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for the treatment of calcified distal left main (LM) disease remains unclear, especially compared to rotational atherectomy (RA).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the baseline clinical, angiographic, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) characteristics and procedural outcomes of 107 patients who underwent distal LM percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with IVL (with or without adjunct atherectomy) versus RA alone for plaque modification before stenting at a single center between 2020 and 2022.ResultsA total of 50 patients underwent calcium modification with IVL with or without adjunct atherectomy and 57 with RA only. The mean age was 73 years and with a high prevalence of diabetes (58.9%), chronic kidney disease (42.1%), prior revascularization (coronary artery bypass graft surgery [36.4%] or prior PCI [32.7%]). Acute coronary syndrome was the primary indication for PCI in over 50% of the patients in both groups. Medina 1‐1‐1 LM bifurcation disease was identified in 64% and 60% of the IVL and RA groups (p = 0.64) respectively. Final minimum stent area in distal LM (>8.2 mm2), ostial LAD (>6.3 mm2) and ostial LCX (>5.0 mm2) were achieved in 96%, 85% and 89% of cases treated with IVL respectively and 93%, 93% and 100% of cases treated with RA respectively (LM p = 1.00; LAD p = 0.62; LCX; p = 1.00 for difference between the two groups). Procedural success (technical success without in‐hospital major adverse events) was achieved in 98% of the IVL group and 86% of the RA‐only group (p = 0.04). There were eight procedural complications (flow‐limiting dissection, perforation, or slow/no‐reflow) in the RA group compared to four in the IVL group (NS), and one patient in the RA required salvaged mechanical support compared to none in the IVL group.ConclusionPlaque modification with coronary IVL appears to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of severely calcified distal LM lesions compared to RA only. Larger randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Fe‐Zeolite as on‐Site Regenerable Adsorber for Chlorohydrocarbons in Groundwater – from Laboratory to Pilot Test
Authors: Georgi Anett , Köhler Robert , Woszidlo Silke , Mackenzie Katrin , Schierz Ariette , Schlosser Alina , Stanger Hans-Jürgen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study describes the design and upscaling of an on‐site regenerable adsorbent fixed bed of Fe‐loaded MFI zeolite for removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) from contaminated groundwater from laboratory studies to pilot scale. The zeolite has an excellent adsorption performance for the hydrophilic CHCs and can be regenerated on‐site by flushing with H2O2 to degrade adsorbed contaminants by a catalytic Fenton‐like reaction. In the pilot test, the Fe‐zeolite (30 kg) maintained its performance over treatment of 1470 m3 of groundwater in 12 adsorption/regeneration cycles.
State‐level working memory and dysregulated eating in children and adolescents: An exploratory ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Goldstein Stephanie P. , Schmiedek Florian , Stalvey Erin , Irizarry Bailey , Thomas J. Graham 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with loss of control (LOC) eating and overweight/obesity have relative deficiencies in trait‐level working memory (WM), which may limit adaptive responding to intra‐ and extra‐personal cues related to eating. Understanding of how WM performance relates to eating behavior in real‐time is currently limited.MethodsWe studied 32 youth (ages 10–17 years) with LOC eating and overweight/obesity (LOC‐OW; n = 9), overweight/obesity only (OW; n = 16), and non‐overweight status (NW; n = 7). Youth completed spatial and numerical WM tasks requiring varying degrees of cognitive effort and reported on their eating behavior daily for 14 days via smartphone‐based ecological momentary assessment. Linear mixed effects models estimated group‐level differences in WM performance, as well as associations between contemporaneously completed measures of WM and dysregulated eating.ResultsLOC‐OW were less accurate on numerical WM tasks compared to OW and NW (ps < .01); groups did not differ on spatial task accuracy (p = .41). Adjusting for between‐subject effects (reflecting differences between individuals in their mean WM performance and its association with eating behavior), within‐subject effects (reflecting variations in moment‐to‐moment associations) revealed that more accurate responding on the less demanding numerical WM task, compared to one's own average, was associated with greater overeating severity across the full sample (p = .013). There were no associations between WM performance and LOC eating severity (ps > .05).ConclusionsYouth with LOC eating and overweight/obesity demonstrated difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life, replicating prior laboratory‐based research. Overeating may be related to improved WM, regardless of LOC status, but temporality and causality should be further explored.Public significance statementOur findings suggest that youth with loss of control eating and overweight/obesity may experience difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life relative to their peers with overweight/obesity and normal‐weight status, which may contribute to the maintenance of dysregulated eating and/or elevated body weight. However, it is unclear whether these individual differences are related to eating behavior on a moment‐to‐moment basis.
A techno‐economic assessment and optimization of Dumat Al‐Jandal wind farm in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Marouani Haykel , Fouad Yasser , Mrad Hatem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne major criterion in the selection of wind farm location is the cost of energy (COE). COE is the cost of producing 1 kWh electric energy on an annual basis. Mathematical model of COE includes site‐specific constants (such as reference height, mean wind speed, shape factors, wind shear coefficient, average temperature, and turbine altitude) and wind turbine parameters (such as maximum power coefficient, total loss of energy, cut‐in/cut‐off wind speed, rated wind speed, rated power, and the fix charge rate). In this work, we evaluate the COE of an onshore wind farm located at Dumat Al‐Jandal (Saudi Arabia) according to the hub height and rotor size. The 99 Vestas turbines can be mounted at a hub height ranging from 105 to 166 m with available rotor diameters of 105, 112, 117, 126, 136, 150, 155, or 163 m. Particle swarm optimization with a normal distribution is used to optimize the COE. Results show that COE is varying around the average value of $0.029335/kWh by ±$0.00021/kWh. The minimum COE was achieved with a rotor diameter of 150 m at hub height of 105 m. COE increases with the increase of hub height. At 105 m‐hub height, COE is almost the same, with a variation of 0.03% (It ranges between $0.029125/kWh and $0.029133/kWh). COE is more sensitive to rotor size than hub height. This investigation revealed that the COE estimation is in a range of 39%–48% greater than that announced COE by the developing project consortium.
Downregulation of fibromodulin attenuates inflammatory signaling and atrial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats with atrial fibrillation via inhibiting TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Liang Yuming , Zhou Yun , Wang Jialin , He Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial fibrosis is an important factor in the induction and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Fibromodulin (FMOD) promotes fibrotic gene expression. However, its specific role in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)‐AF remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed FMOD mRNA and protein expression in rat atrial tissues using RT‐qPCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Histopathological examination of atrial tissues was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and Picrosirius red staining. The levels of inflammatory and fibrosis‐related proteins were measured using Western blot analysis.ResultsFMOD relative mRNA and protein expression levels were notably upregulated in atrial tissues of both AF groups (normal‐AF and SHR‐AF groups) than that in atrial tissues of the no‐AF group (normal and SHR group). This effect was particularly pronounced in the SHR‐AF group. Pathological changes revealed that the extracellular matrix, collagen, collagen fibers, and left atrial diameter were notably increased in the atrial tissues from the SHR‐AF group compared to those in the atrial tissues from the SHR group, whereas the left ventricular fractional shortening and left ventricular ejection fraction were notably lower. Expression of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, TGF‐β1, collagen I, and collagen II mRNA were clearly higher in atrial tissues from the SHR‐AF group than in those from the SHR group. Protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, Cleavage‐Caspase‐1, Cleavage‐IL‐1β, TGF‐β1, p‐Smad2, collagen I, and collagen II were clearly higher in atrial tissues from the SHR‐AF group than in those from the SHR group. FMOD knockdown inhibited atrial fibrosis, collagen accumulation, and the TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3 signaling pathway.ConclusionDownregulation of FMOD attenuated inflammatory signaling and atrial fibrosis in SHR‐AF by inhibiting the TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Therefore, FMOD may be a promising therapeutic target in AF.