bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reality of Being an Older Adult and Getting Health Care
Authors: Satin David G , Burack Jeanette , Coté Janet , McGuire Kay , Prince Joanne , Summers Renée , Taylor Albert , Yacker Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Renée summers: Shall we introduce ourselves? I’m Renée Summers. I’ve been told I should give my age: I’m 71. I’m married. My husband’s still alive. He still works parttime. I work part-time as a counselor in the Pension Assistance Project at University of Massachusetts in Boston 2 days a week. And I was recently the editor of a newsletter from the alumni association.
Albert Taylor: I’m Al Taylor. I’m 77 years old. I’m retired and I love it. I’m a widower. My wife passed away in 2001 after a long bout with Alzheimer’s. And I got involved with the University of Massachusetts in their educational programs and also a few doors opened up for me with the legislature, and now I am a Public Policy intern for the Legislative Caucus on Older Citizens Concerns. It’s created a tremendous interest in me. Essentially, I feel great about my life right now. When my wife passed away I felt I had no obligations to anybody anymore except to myself, so I have to keep my mind active.
Health Law for Older Adults
Authors: Bruce Ellen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Developing an interdisciplinary approach to the care of older adults’ health may require interaction with attorneys, either as consultants to the team or, in some cases, as part of the team. Lawyers will be particularly helpful when a patient is suffering from diminished capacity and therefore possibly in need of a conservator or guardian and when avenues of treatment seem to be blocked by legal considerations. These considerations may be speci0c to the patient, such as denial of health-care coverage for a speci0c procedure, or broader, such as whether a clinic is licensed to provide a particular type of care.
The law, as it is found in statutes, regulations, and case decisions, has a signi0cant impact on the practice of medicine and the care of all patients, including older adults. A lawyer’s job is to interpret the law as it applies to a situation and to advise the client on the range of appropriate actions within the con0nes of the law. Therefore, when working with a lawyer or (heaven forbid) a group of lawyers, it is useful to understand the legal framework within which the lawyer is considering different options and the perspective from which the lawyer is proceeding.
Knowing the Individual Disciplines and Introduction to Team Development, Function, and Maintenance
Authors: Kirwin Jennifer L , Fung Teresa T , Bocage Myrna D , Lowenstein Nancy A , Neary Susan , Safran-Norton Clare E , Satin David G , Stahlheber Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As described elsewhere in this text, care of the geriatric patient usually involves more than one, and often many, health-care providers and other professional consultants. Geriatrics practices in both ambulatory and inpatient settings have adopted a team approach to patient care. The interdisciplinary team model has been recommended by professional and accrediting bodies alike as the preferred setting for provision of this care. Chapters 1 and 12 of this text de0ne and explore the differences between unidisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary teams in depth. In short, the interdisciplinary team differs from the multiand unidisciplinary team in two key ways: Members have overlapping and Lexible roles, rather than performing only the established tasks of their discipline, and they learn and work together often on similar problems, rather than only on problems within their own “turf.”
An Interdisciplinary Case Conference
Authors: Satin David G , Bard Terry R , Bhalotra Sarita , Bocage Myrna D , Branch Laurence G , Bruce Ellen A , Capitman John A , Fung Teresa T , Kirwin Jennifer L , Lowenstein Nancy A , Ranald Ralph , Safran-Norton Clare E , Sciegaj Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ralph Ranald/Law: I’m a lawyer in New York City and I’ve been a fellow at Harvard for 5 years. I’m interested in elder law and have been teaching at Fordham University Law School in New York, and also teach at the City University of New York, where I do elder law and some humanities. That’s my source of interest in humanistic medicine, something quite different.
Myrna D. Bocage/Social Work: I’m Myrna Bocage. I’m a social worker, and my interest is in health care, older adults, and policy issues. I’m going to represent the social work perspective and also the interdisciplinary perspective.
Mark Sciegaj/Management: I’m Mark Sciegaj, and I have a focus on social policy and long-term care. Tonight I will represent issues related to elder autonomy and touch upon health-care management and political science.
Melancholia in the Writing of a Sixteenth-Century Spanish Nun
Authors: Radden Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the time of Hippocratic writers, melancholia has fascinated its observers. From Greek doctors and philosophers through to Robert Burton in the seventeenth century, there has been a remarkably consistent focus on the humoral imbalances thought to underlie these conditions and on the subjective moods of apprehension and generalized dejection, long characterized as “fear and sadness without cause,” through which they are identified. This set of ideas—found in the writings of Galen, the Greco-Arabic doctors such as Avicenna and Rhazes, and Renaissance thinkers such as Ficino, followed by Weyer and Paracelsus in the early modern era—is well known. Less well known are the unsystematic discussions of melancholy and melancholia by the Spanish abbess Teresa de Alhumada (1515–82), later Saint Teresa of Avila, who noted the apparently widespread melancholia that she encountered in the cloistered world of the nunnery.
Overview of opioid-related terminology
Authors: Jackson Kenneth C , Smith Howard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
7
Allodynia: Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain (Mersky and Bogduk, 1994). Hyperalgesia: The perception of a painful sensation of abnormal severity, representing an exaggerated response, following a noxious stimulus. Pain: Defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage (Mersky, 1994). The following three definitions are consensus definitions recognized by the American Academy of Pain Medicine, the American Pain Society, and the American Society of Addiction Medicine.
Opioid pharmacology
Authors: Davis Mellar P , Smith Howard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Opioids have a long, rich history in the management of pain and have emerged 19 as the major drug class for the treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain. Opioids have a unique pharmacology. Their oral bioavailability is variable, depending upon the type of opioid. They are metabolized by type I cytochromes and type II conjugase enzymes (Inturrisi, 2002). Half-life varies significantly from one agent to another. Opioids can be divided into those with good and those with poor oral bioavailability. Opioids with poor oral bioavailability have high first-pass clearance through the liver rather than poor diffusion through the gastrointestinal mucosa (Shand et al., 1975; Bullingham et al., 1984; Chauvin et al., 1986; Callaghan et al., 1993; O’ Brien et al., 1996; Tegeder et al., 1999).
Optimizing pharmacologic outcomes: Drug selection
Authors: Smith Howard S , Jackson Kenneth C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A frail older patient with cognitive difficulties—as well as coordination, balance, and gait problems—who lives with his severely mentally retarded son in a rural setting without any capable caregivers presents multiple challenging issues for his physician when it comes to selecting an optimal opioid analgesic regimen. Clearly, any medication (e.g., antidepressant, antiepileptic drug) that possesses central nervous system (CNS)–depressant characteristics or alters the sensorium may not be ideal for this patient.
Optimizing pharmacologic outcomes: Route selection
Authors: Smith Howard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For chronic therapy, the oral route of opioid delivery is usually attempted first, and the transdermal route for fentanyl is a widely accepted alternative (Donner et al., 1996; Ahmedzai and Brooks, 1997). The availability of controlled-release oral formulations allows convenient dosing, either once or twice daily. Some patients require doses three times per day to optimize therapy, but this, too, is usually accommodated well. The transdermal route offers a 48- to 72-hour dosing interval and is very useful for patients who are unable to swallow or absorb an orally administered opioid, as well as for those who perceive nonoral administration as a convenience. It allows a trial of fentanyl during opioid rotation and appears to improve adherence to therapy in some cases. The observation that transdermal fentanyl produces less constipation than oral morphine (Ahmedzai and Brooks, 1997; Staats et al., 2004a; Allan et al., 2005) suggests that the presence of severe constipation may be a trigger to consider an opioid switch from morphine to fentanyl.
Special populations: Geriatric
Authors: McCleane Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the year 2000 there were more than 400 million people aged 65 or over in the world; this number is expected to increase to 1.5 billion by the year 2050. This represents a fourfold increase, compared to a 50% increase in the world population as a whole. Of these people, around 25% will be above age 80 (Lunenfeld, 2002). It is currently accepted that the incidence of acute pain is broadly similar throughout all age groups, while pain of a more chronic nature increases in incidence up to the seventh decade (Corran et al., 1997; Helme and Gibson, 2001). This, along with the increased incidence of malignancy with advancing age, increases the likelihood that these elderly patients may require pain relief and that, in many instances, consideration may need to be given to the use of opioids. The issue, therefore, is whether we can prescribe opioid analgesics to the elderly patient in the same fashion as we would utilize this class of drug in patients of less advanced years, or whether special considerations exist.
Special populations: Palliative care
Authors: Nabati Lida , Abrahm Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dame Cicely Saunders, who founded the modern hospice movement in the 1960s, coined the term “total pain,” which embodies the notion that pain endured by those facing a life-limiting illness is multifaceted and can include psychological, physical, spiritual, and social elements (Saunders, 1981). From this concept, a new subspecialty—palliative medicine—emerged. In 2006, the American Board of Medical Specialties recognized hospice care and palliative medicine as medical subspecialties.
Patients with a history of substance abuse
Authors: Kirsh Kenneth L , Passik Steven D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
155 Addiction and drug abuse are common in the U.S. population: some 6% to 12% have abused illicit drugs, 15% have abused alcohol, 25% are addicted to nicotine, and 33% have sampled illicit drugs at least once (Colliver and Kopstein, 1991; Groerer and Brodsky, 1992). Given that substance abuse of one form or another is a risk for some chronic pain patients, it is inevitable that these problems will be seen in a sizable, often labor-intensive subset of patients with chronic pain. There is no reason to think that abuse rates would be any lower among these patients than in the general population.
Resources
Authors: Smith Howard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beth Israel Medical Center Department of Pain Medicine & Palliative Care http://www.stoppain.org University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center Pain and Policy Studies Group http://www.medsch.wisc.edu/painpolicy National Initiative on Pain Control http://www.painedu.org National Pain Education Council http://www.npecweb.org American Pain Society (APS) http://www.ampainsoc.org American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM) http://www.painmed.org International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) http://www.iasp-pain.org
Estrus
Authors: Thornhill Randy , Gangestad Steven W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One dictionary de0nition of estrus is “the periodic state of sexual excitement in the female of most mammals, excluding humans, that immediately precedes ovulation and during which the female is most receptive to mating” (American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language). In mammalian reproductive biology, the estrous cycle is equivalent to the ovarian cycle. The estrous phase refers to the phase of high fertility and ovulation in the cycle. Estrus is typically synonymous with estrous phase. Many biologists do not refer to reproductive cycles of female nonhuman Old World primates as estrous cycles. Rather, cycles in these primates are often referred to as menstrual cycles, in reference to the blood Kow that occurs at approximately 30-day intervals. As we emphasize later, however, the mid-cycle phase occurring within females of these primates appears to share homologies with the estrous phase of other mamma- lian species (e.g., Dixson, 1998; Nelson, 1995). Other scholars reserve the term men- strual cycle to refer to the ovarian cycles of human females exclusively, which reflects the widespread assumption—one that, we argue in chapter 9, is clearly wrong— that, of all mammalian species, humans alone lack estrus. (This view is expressed in the dictionary de0nition we quoted above.) Behavioral estrus is typically de0ned as a restricted period of proceptivity and receptivity characterized by mammalian females’ behavioral readiness to mate, in addition to attractiveness to males, usually, though not invariably, coinciding with relatively high probability of conception (e.g., Beach, 1976; Nelson, 1995; Symons, 1979). A synonym for behavioral estrus is heat (Nelson, 2000).
Defining Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Weber Wendell W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an address on “Medicine from The Chemical Standpoint” before the British Medical Association in 1914, Archibald Garrod spoke of the difficulty in covering the foundations and recent progress in the field of medicine that should treat the subject in any of its wider aspects. About a third of his presentation dealt with drugs as toxic substances, foreign to the organism, and that enzymes were agents of detoxication of these substances. He cautioned that drugs often produced the effect aimed at, along with side effects that could not be fully estimated, and stressed the importance of pharmacology in teaching how drugs act, the nature of their active principles and their limitations, and how they might be best employed. In this way, he believed that “blunderbuss prescription would be replaced by single drugs of known efficiency,” and that “the discoveries of empirical therapeutics would be placed on a scientific footing.”
Mechanisms and End-Products of the Atmospheric Oxidation of Alkanes
Authors: Calvert Jack G , Derwent Richard G , Orlando John J , Tyndall Geoffrey S , Wallington Timothy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous two chapters, the kinetics of the reactions of the alkanes with the major atmospheric oxidants [OH, Cl, NO3, O(3P), and O3] have been discussed. These initiation reactions are followed by a series of rapid reactions involving the alkylperoxy (RO2) and alkoxy (RO) radicals, which lead, on a time-scale of minutes, to the first-generation end-products of the oxidation process. The chemistry of these radical species, and the end-products that result, are the topics of this chapter.
Management of common conditions
Authors: Mauskop Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The patient interview is an art that is easy to master, if only one gives the patient a chance to speak. The interview not only is diagnostic, but it can also be therapeutic. Use open-ended questions, such as, “Tell me about your headaches,” “Tell me in your own words how headaches affect your life,” or “What else can you tell me about your headaches?” After presenting the patient with a list of therapeutic options described here, always ask, “What do you think about these options? Do you have any questions about them? And which ones do you want to pursue?” Establishing the correct diagnosis is not a one-time event but rather an ongoing process. Not having a biological marker or a test for primary headaches and relying on the clinical picture for diagnosis require constant vigilance and reappraisal, particularly when headaches change in character or worsen in severity or frequency. A migraine sufferer may develop other conditions, such as hypothyroidism, brain tumor, cervicogenic headaches, or magnesium deficiency, which in the beginning may only worsen the typical migraines without any additional signs and symptoms. Typical migraine, tension, or cluster headaches have been reported to occur with the majority of intracranial pathologies, such as vascular abnormalities, tumors, and infections.
Typical cases
Authors: Mauskop Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abigail was a 32-year-old woman who had suffered from severe headaches for the past 15 years. Her headaches were unilateral, severe in intensity, and pulsatile, with photophobia and phonophobia but no nausea, and they were made worse by light physical activity. They occurred two or three times a month, and each attack lasted 3 days. Typical triggers were work-related stress, weather, and menstrual cycle. She had tried sumatriptan (Imitrex), 100 mg, eletriptan (Relpax) 40 mg, and zolmitriptan (Zomig) 5 mg, with no relief. Review of organ systems revealed anxiety, insomnia, some depression, coldness of extremities, and premenstrual syndrome. She did not use tobacco and did not consume alcohol or caffeine. She was single and worked full-time. Her mother suffered from migraine headaches.
Berlin, 1855–1864 II: Marriage to Cosima
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During his first turbulent years in Berlin, Bülow’s private life had under- gone a profound change. In July 1855, barely four months after Franziska von Bülow had joined him in the Prussian capital, the household was transformed by the arrival of Liszt’s two daughters, Blandine and Cosima, who took up residence there as well. Blandine was nineteen years old and Cosima was two years her junior. They were alive with energy and hu- mour, and they filled the apartments on Wilhelmstrasse with their laugh- ter. The active minds and boisterous behaviour of these two young women posed a constant threat to the strict domestic routine which Franziska liked to impose on her son. Bülow was entranced by both girls, and referred to them affectionately as ‘the Erlking’s daughters’. At Liszt’s request he gave them piano lessons, and was particularly impressed with Cosima’s ac- complished playing; she already performed the standard sonatas of Bee- thoven and a variety of compositions by Chopin with confidence.
Bülow in Florence
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bülow’s first sight of Florence left him spellbound. He likened the old city to an incomparable dream of wonder. The houses, the streets, the churches, and the art galleries entranced him. And he rhapsodized about the weather—the warmth, the cloudless skies, the heavenly air. Italy, in a memorable phrase, he called a land above all enchantments. He was now dead to his homeland, he declared. Henceforth, he told his mother, he would live as a foreigner.
The First Tour of America, 1875–1876
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before setting out on his long odyssey, Bülow drew up a will. He knew that he would be in North America for at least nine months, and he wanted to set his affairs in order before he left. His recent stroke in England had shaken him deeply, reminding him of his mortality. Most of his capital he had already transferred to Leipzig and deposited in the Frege bank under the care of his cousin Professor Woldemar Frege. The will itself was drafted in Munich during the summer of 1875 by Bülow’s attorney, Dr. Jakob Gotthelf, and the disposition of his worldly goods gave Bülow some trouble. In a lengthy letter to Cosimahe outlined the main con- tents of the document, of which no original copy seems to have survived.
The Meiningen Years, 1880–1885 I: The Meiningen Miracle
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nowhere had the turbulent events leading up to Bülow’s dramatic resig- nation from Hanover been more closely watched than at the tiny ducal court of Saxe-Meiningen. As comedy turned into calamity, the reigning duke, Georg II, saw a golden opportunity to attract Bülow to his domain. He had, in fact, long wanted to place the mercurial conductor in charge of the Meiningen Court Orchestra. Georg now acted with extraordinary despatch, as a glance at the dates will show. Bülow abdicated his duties at Hanover on October 25. Within ten days the duke’s formal offer had reached him, and he had bound himself to Meiningen. It was an inspired decision on both sides.
Bülow the Pedagogue The Frankfurt Masterclasses, 1884–1887
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For four summers, from 1884 through 1887, Bülow gave masterclasses at the Raff Conservatory in Frankfurt-am-Main, in aid of the Raff Memorial Foundation. Because these classes flowed directly out of his Meiningen years, this is the proper place to consider them, together with their in- fluence on the history of piano pedagogy. The fact that Bülow was will- ing to sacrifice so much of his time to an activity that he held in near contempt, and which he had once described as ‘slavery of the most an- nihilating kind’, speaks volumes about the high regard in which he held Raff himself. But in order to understand why Bülow became attached to Frankfurt at all, we have to go back a few years.
A New Home in Hamburg, 1886
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After his farewell concert with the Meiningen Orchestra, on January 29, 1885, Bülow began to search for a new home. It requires no more than a moment’s reflection to understand how impossible it would have been for him to remain in the small town and rub shoulders on a daily basis with his successor, Fritz Steinbach. For Bülow it was a pressing matter to find a fresh base from which to project himself, first and foremost, as a concert pianist.
The history of lupus
Authors: Wallace Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lupus (meaning “wolf” in Latin) was a Roman family name, and there was a St. Lupus who lived in central France in about AD 600.How this name became connected with a disease is not known. Nevertheless, anecdotal case reports of what was probably the medical condition now called lupus appeared sporadically in writings from the 10th century on. Forms of cutaneous tuberculosis were also termed lupus in the early 1800s, and to this day lupus vulgaris represents that condition. Several dermatologic treatises in the 1830s and 1840s, particularly those by Pierre de Cazenave, provided illustrations and case presentations of what was certainly what is now known as lupus (Fig. 1.1).Moritz Kaposi (for whom Kaposi’s sarcoma is named) first used the description “discoid” to describe cutaneous lupus in the 1860s.