bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in oral microflora following 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride‐containing mouth spray intervention in adult volunteers after professional oral care: Randomized clinical study
Authors: Fujimoto Ai , Fujii Kana , Suido Hirohisa , Fukuike Hisae , Miyake Naoko , Suzuki Hidenori , Eguchi Toru , Tobata Haruko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the changes in bacterial flora composition and total bacterial count in the saliva and tongue coating, along with the change in the tongue coating index (TCI) following an intervention with 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouth spray after professional oral care.Materials and MethodsFifty‐two adult volunteers aged 30–60 years were equally divided into CPC spray (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups. All subjects underwent scaling and polishing. The CPC spray group was administered four puffs of CPC spray to the tongue dorsum four times a day for 3 weeks. The control group performed only routine daily oral care (brushing) and did not use any other spray. Bacteriological evaluation of saliva and tongue coating was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The tongue coating was evaluated to calculate the TCI. A per‐protocol analysis was conducted for 44 subjects (CPC spray group, n = 23; control group, n = 21).ResultsAt 1 and 3 weeks after CPC spray use, the flora of the saliva and tongue coating changed; the genus Haemophilus was dominant in the CPC spray group, whereas the genus Saccharibacteria was dominant in the control group. The sampling time differed among individual participants, which may have affected the bacterial counts. There was no significant intragroup change in TCI in either group.ConclusionsCPC spray affected the bacterial flora in the saliva and tongue coating, particularly with respect to an increase in the abundance of Haemophilus. However, CPC spray did not change the TCI. These results suggest that it may be optimal to combine CPC spray with a physical cleaning method such as using a tongue brush or scraper. Clinical Trial Registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network UMIN000041140.
Teachers' interpretation of curriculum as a window into ‘curriculum potential’
Authors: Ross Emily 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBen‐Peretz's (1975) concept of intended curriculum describes a version of curriculum that ‘official’ curriculum developers create to provide a detailed guide to what teachers are required to teach in schools. While some curricula are intended to guide learning, others give a more definitive regulation of what must be taught. Either way, they are a product of curriculum developers writing government policy that defines what is considered essential for students to know. The teacher then undertakes the technical task of interpreting these policy texts to discern how they will introduce the content to their students. Once the teacher receives the curriculum text, they begin a translation process. While the curriculum developer has a vision of how teachers will interpret the curriculum, the teacher's translation of the curriculum text is filtered through the teachers' understanding of the subject matter. This notion of ‘curriculum potential’ represents the culmination of the teacher's subject matter knowledge acquired throughout their education and career which serves as the reference point for curriculum interpretation. This article describes the process of curriculum interpretation used by primary teachers during the implementation of Australian curriculum reform. The study examined the interpretation process from the intended curriculum to the planned curriculum to the enacted curriculum used by the teachers and the influences impacting upon these processes. The analysis of the teachers' interpretations was demonstrated through a process for curriculum mapping developed for this study. This work will present the teachers' pathways to curriculum enactment as a hermeneutic interpretation of curriculum, revealing the teachers' curriculum potential. While frequently descriptions of curriculum potential focuss on subject matter knowledge, analysis of primary teacher curriculum interpretation necessitates a broader definition. The paper concludes that the primary teachers' interpretation process is drawn from a wider curriculum potential that intersects their knowledge of subject matter and knowledge of their students.
The quest for wellness: How to optimise self‐care strategies for diabetic foot management?
Authors: Pouwer Frans , Perrin Byron , Lavender Andy , Najafi Bijan , Ismail Khalida , Vileikyte Loretta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is common and highly recurrent, negatively impacting the individuals' quality of life. The 2023 guidelines of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot emphasise that adherence to foot self‐care recommendations is one of the most important factors in DFU prevention. These guidelines also briefly mention that depression and other psychosocial problems can hamper treatment and ulcer healing. Moreover, a new clinical question was added on psychological interventions for ulcer prevention, although the evidence regarding the role of psychological and social factors is still limited. To help the field progress, this narrative overview discusses how a stronger focus on psychological factors by both researchers and clinicians could improve the care for people at high DFU risk. The review starts with a testimony of a person living with DFU, explaining that for him, the absence of shared decision‐making has been a key barrier to successful foot self‐care implementation. Intervention studies that address patient‐reported barriers are still scarce, and are therefore urgently needed. Furthermore, the key elements of psychological interventions found to be successful in managing diabetes are yet to be implemented in DFU risk management. Importantly, research evidence indicates that commonly advocated foot self‐care recommendations may be insufficient in preventing DFU recurrence, whereas digital technology appears to effectively reduce recurrent DFU. More research is therefore needed to identify determinants of patient acceptance of digital technology.
What is environmental DNA?
Authors: Power Haylea , Takahashi Miwa , Jarman Simon , Berry Oliver 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDNA collected from the environment (eDNA) can provide valuable understanding of ecological patterns and processes. eDNA is highly physically heterogeneous, but this has not been well‐characterized, so most eDNA sampling strategies do not target any particular physical fraction. Consequently, we have limited evidence to understand and interpret the physical behavior of eDNA, to improve the efficiency of sampling, nor to target components of the eDNA spectrum for taxonomic and molecular attributes. We perform the first detailed characterization of the components of a marine eDNA sample using serial filtering from an 80 to <0.22 μm particle size gradient, a tree of life metabarcoding approach using taxon‐specific and universal assays, coupled with scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent confocal microscopy. We confirm that eDNA is manifest in a broad spectrum of physical states, ranging from extracellular DNA fragments to whole cells, tissue fragments, and whole organisms. The largest of these fractions of eDNA were embedded in microbial biofilms, rather than particulate. We show that the choice of filter size and types can target components of this spectrum, can affect the detectable species richness, and notably, also enrich samples for specific taxonomic groups. Our results imply that there is considerable scope to improve the efficiency of eDNA collection from aquatic environments, and its informativeness.
Measuring magnetic force field distributions in microfluidic devices: Experimental and numerical approaches
Authors: Strayer Jacob , Choe Hyeon , Wu Xian , Weigand Mitchell , Gómez‐Pastora Jenifer , Zborowski Maciej , Chalmers Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrecisely and accurately determining the magnetic force and its spatial distribution in microfluidic devices is challenging. Typically, magnetic microfluidic devices are designed in a way to both maximize the force within the separation region and to minimize the necessity for knowing such details—such as designing magnetic geometries that create regions of nearly constant magnetic force or that dictate the behavior of the magnetic force to be highly predictable in a specified region. In this work, we present a method to determine the spatial distribution of the magnetic force field in a magnetic microfluidic device by particle tracking magnetophoresis. Polystyrene microparticles were suspended in a paramagnetic fluid, gadolinium, and this suspension was exposed to various magnetic field geometries. Polystyrene particle motion was tracked using a microscope and images processed using Fiji (ImageJ). From a sample with a large spatial distribution of particle tracks, the magnetic force field distribution was calculated. The force field distribution was fitted to nonlinear spatial distribution models. These experimental models are compared to and supported by 3D simulations of the magnetic force field in COMSOL.
Role of the glymphatic system and perivascular spaces as a potential biomarker for post‐stroke epilepsy
Authors: Hlauschek Gernot , Nicolo John‐Paul , Sinclair Benjamin , Law Meng , Yasuda Clarissa L. , Cendes Fernando , Lossius Morten Ingvar , Kwan Patrick , Vivash Lucy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStroke is one of the most common causes of acquired epilepsy, which can also result in disability and increased mortality rates particularly in elderly patients. No preventive treatment for post‐stroke epilepsy is currently available. Development of such treatments has been greatly limited by the lack of biomarkers to reliably identify high‐risk patients. The glymphatic system, including perivascular spaces (PVS), is the brain's waste clearance system, and enlargement or asymmetry of PVS (ePVS) is hypothesized to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of several neurological conditions. In this article, we discuss potential mechanisms for the role of perivascular spaces in the development of post‐stroke epilepsy. Using advanced MR‐imaging techniques, it has been shown that there is asymmetry and impairment of glymphatic function in the setting of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, studies have described a dysfunction of PVS in patients with different focal and generalized epilepsy syndromes. It is thought that inflammatory processes involving PVS and the blood–brain barrier, impairment of waste clearance, and sustained hypertension affecting the glymphatic system during a seizure may play a crucial role in epileptogenesis post‐stroke. We hypothesize that impairment of the glymphatic system and asymmetry and dynamics of ePVS in the course of a stroke contribute to the development of PSE. Automated ePVS detection in stroke patients might thus assist in the identification of high‐risk patients for post‐stroke epilepsy trials.Plain Language SummaryStroke often leads to epilepsy and is one of the main causes of epilepsy in elderly patients, with no preventative treatment available. The brain’s waste removal system, called the glymphatic system which consists of perivascular spaces, may be involved. Enlargement or asymmetry of perivascular spaces could play a role in this and can be visualised with advanced brain imaging after a stroke. Detecting enlarged perivascular spaces in stroke patients could help identify those at risk for post‐stroke epilepsy.
Experimental investigation and modeling of boundary influences on in‐plane seismic performance of partition walls
Authors: Huang Jiantao , Kurata Masahiro , Shen Shao‐Dong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe in‐plane seismic performance of cold‐formed steel‐framed gypsum partition walls (hereinafter referred to as partition walls) varies with boundaries provided by surrounding members, causing differences in repair time. The studies that explicitly consider the influence of boundary members are limited and remain at the preliminary stage of qualitative analysis. Most existing numerical models used for partition walls also lack the simulation of boundaries. Our study focuses on the influence of vertical boundaries on the seismic performance of partition walls. The damage locations of partition walls with different vertical boundaries were recorded during quasi‐static tests, and the repair time was evaluated. Data collected by potentiometers and an image‐based displacement measurement system quantifies the influence of boundaries on the rigid body motion and deformation in a mechanism. A numerical model incorporating boundaries based on the damage and mechanism was proposed and validated to predict the repair time. The presented results provide a potential solution for improved detailing with consideration on repair.
Convenient determination of serum HER‐2 status in breast cancer patients using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Li Lintao , Li Junjie , Wang Xianliang , Lu Shun , Ji Juan , Yin Gang , Luo Huaichao , ting Wang , Xin Zhang , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGiven the significant therapeutic efficacy of anti‐HER‐2 treatment, the HER‐2 status is a crucial piece of information that must be obtained in breast cancer patients. Currently, as per guidelines, HER‐2 status is typically acquired from breast tissue of patients. However, there is growing interest in obtaining HER‐2 status from serum and other samples due to the convenience and potential for dynamic monitoring. In this study, we have developed a serum Raman spectroscopy technique that allows for the rapid acquisition of HER‐2 status in a convenient manner. The established HER‐2 negative and positive classification model achieved an area under the curve of 0.8334. To further validate the reliability of our method, we replicated the process using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The results demonstrate that serum Raman spectroscopy, coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms, is an effective technical approach for obtaining HER‐2 status.
The effects of low‐level laser therapy on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in HEK293/ACE2 cells
Authors: Mngwengwe Luleka , Lugongolo Masixole Yvonne , Ombinda‐Lemboumba Saturnin , Ismail Yaseera , Mthunzi‐Kufa Patience 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is a threat to public health due to its ability to undergo crucial mutations, increasing its infectivity and decreasing the vaccine's effectiveness. There is a need to find and introduce alternative and effective methods of controlling SARS‐CoV‐2. LLLT treats diseases by exposing cells or tissues to low levels of red and near‐infrared light. The study aims to investigate for the first time the impact of LLLT on SARS‐CoV‐2 infected HEK293/ACE2 cells and compare them to uninfected ones. Cells were irradiated at 640 nm, at different fluences. Subsequently, the effects of laser irradiation on the virus and cells were assessed using biological assays. Irradiated uninfected cells showed no changes in cell viability and cytotoxicity, while there were changes in irradiated infected cells. Furthermore, uninfected irradiated cells showed no luciferase activity while laser irradiation reduced luciferase activity in infected cells. Under SEM, there was a clear difference between the infected and uninfected cells.
The importance of preoperative T3 stage substaging by 3D endorectal ultrasonography for the prognosis of middle and low rectal cancer
Authors: Liu Qizhi , Zang Yunhua , Zhou Dehua , Chen Zhuo , Xin Cheng , Zang Wei , Tu Xiaohuang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to validate the role of 3D‐endorectal ultrasonography in prognosis and recurrence for patients with T3‐stage rectal cancer by evaluating the preoperative extramural depth of tumor invasion.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the medical records of rectal cancer patients who were admitted to Changhai Hospital's Colorectal Surgery Division. The sample group was categorized into three subgroups (T3a, T3b, and T3c) based on the extent of tumor progression (<5 mm, 5–10 mm, and >10 mm) to assess the endorectal ultrasonography diagnostic performance. The 5‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival were assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and a log rank test. Cox regression analysis verified the tumor invasion depth's significance as a prognostic predictor, and it was also utilized to evaluate other independent risk variables for recurrence after surgery.ResultsThe study included 72 individuals with low and middle rectal cancer from January 2014 to November 2019. Twenty‐two individuals had stage T3a, 22 had stage T3b, and 28 had stage T3c based on preoperative endorectal ultrasonography. Endorectal ultrasonography had 88.0%, 86.8%, and 76.2% overall accuracy for stratifying subgroups, respectively. According to the Kaplan‐Meier curve, 5‐year OS was 100%, 83.5%, and 92.9% for T3a, T3b, and T3c (p = 0.172), and 5‐year disease‐free survival was 100%, 80.8%, and 72.9% for T3a, T3b, and T3c, respectively (p = 0.014). A distinct risk factor for 5‐year disease‐free survival was the degree of tumor infiltration (p = 0.039).ConclusionPreoperative T3 stage subdivision allows for categorization of prognosis and survival. Endorectal ultrasonography reports should make explicit declarations of T3a, T3b, and T3c scales.
Novel molecular insights into pyroptosis in triple‐negative breast cancer prognosis and immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Bin , Luo Junjie , Yang Yifei , Zhen Ke , Shen Binjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) often have a poor prognostic outcome. Current treatment strategies cannot benefit all TNBC patients. Previous findings suggested pyroptosis as a novel target for suppressing cancer development, although the relationship between TNBC and pyroptosis‐related genes (PRGs) was still unclear.MethodsGene expression data and clinical follow‐up of TNBC patients were collected from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). PRGs were screened using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (i.e. LASSO) technique were applied to construct a pyroptosis‐related prognostic risk score (PPRS) model, which was further combined with the clinicopathological characteristics of TNBC patients to develop a survival decision tree and a nomogram. The model was used to calculate the PPRS, and then the overall survival, immune infiltration, immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity of TNBC patients were analyzed based on the PPRS.ResultsThe PPRS model was closely related to clinicopathological features and can independently and accurately predict the prognosis of TNBC. According to normalized PPRS, patients in different cohorts were divided into two groups. Compared with the high‐PPRS group, the low‐PPRS group had significantly higher ESTIMATE (i.e. Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignantTumours using Expression data) score, immune score and stromal score, and it also had overexpressed immune checkpoints and significantly reduced Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score, as well as higher sensitivity to paclitaxel, veliparib, olaparib and talazoparib. A decision tree and nomogram based on PPRS and clinical characteristics can improve the prognosis stratification and survival prediction for TNBC patients.ConclusionsA PPRS model was developed to predict TNBC patients' immune characteristics and response to immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as their survival outcomes.
Bio‐functional and prebiotics properties of products based on whole grain sorghum fermented with lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Garzón Antonela G , Veras Flávio Fonseca , Brandelli Adriano , Drago Silvina R 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDProducts fermented with lactic acid bacteria based on whole grain flours of red or white sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) added with malted sorghum flour, or with skim milk (SM) were developed. Composition, protein amino acid profile, total acidity, pH, prebiotic potential, and bio‐functional properties after simulation of gastrointestinal digestion were evaluated.RESULTSIn all cases, a pH of 4.5 was obtained in approximately 4.5 h. The products added with SM presented higher acidity. Products made only with sorghum presented higher total dietary fiber, but lower protein content than products with added SM, the last ones having higher lysine content. All products exhibited prebiotic potential, white sorghum being a better ingredient to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria. The addition of malted sorghum or SM significantly increased the bio‐functional properties of the products: the sorghum fermented products added with SM presented the highest antioxidant (ABTS•+ inhibition, 4.7 ± 0.2 mM Trolox), antihypertensive (Angiotensin converting enzyme‐I inhibition, 57.3 ± 0.5%) and antidiabetogenic (dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV inhibition, 31.3 ± 2.1%) activities, while the products added with malted sorghum presented the highest antioxidant (reducing power, 1.6 ± 0.1 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/mL) and antidiabetogenic (α‐amylase inhibition, 38.1 ± 0.9%) activities.CONCLUSIONThe fermented whole grain sorghum‐based products could be commercially exploited by the food industry to expand the offer of the three high‐growth markets: gluten‐free products, plant‐based products (products without SM), and functional foods. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Incidence and prevalence of myasthenia gravis in the United States: A claims‐based analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Ema , Umeh Emeka , Aishwarya  , Navaratnarajah Nizanth , Cole Alexander , Moy Kristin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare neuromuscular disorder with geographically variable prevalence and incidence rates. A global trend of increasing prevalence of MG has been observed in the last few decades, and this study aimed to assess the current prevalence and incidence rates of MG in the United States.MethodsData were extracted from the Clarivate Real‐World Data Repository (2016–2021), a US claims and electronic health records database. The prevalence and incidence of MG were calculated for the year 2021 for males and females who were <2, 2–5, 6–11, 12–17, 18–49, 50–64, and ≥65 years of age, using population estimates from the US Census.ResultsThe diagnosed prevalence and incidence of MG in the United States in 2021 were calculated to be 37.0 per 100,000 persons and 3.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. While the incidence and prevalence of MG increased with age in both men and women, higher prevalence and incidence of MG were observed in younger women (<50 years) compared with men of matching age, and in older men (≥65 years) compared with women of the same age group.DiscussionThe updated prevalence and incidence of MG in the United States in 2021 are higher than previous reports from the 1980s and early 2000s, following a global trend of increased prevalence and incidence for this disorder in the last few decades.