bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-consistent Analysis for Optimization of AlGaAs/GaAs Based Heterostructure
Authors: Paramasivam Pattunnarajam , Gowthaman Naveenbalaji , Srivastava Viranjay M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe heterostructures are suitable for developing high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, a significant interest in the design and analysis of compound semiconductor Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) heterostructures has been realized. These structures are fabricated with alternating layers of GaAs (a direct bandgap material) and AlGaAs (an indirect bandgap material) and have been used to design a range of high-performance devices, including lasers, solar cells, and field-effect transistors. A 30 nm AlGaAs consisting of a middle layer between two GaAs layers with a GaAs substrate has been reported. This work has been carried out at 300 K utilizing a quantum transport and self-consistent method for the proposed AlGaAs/GaAs one-dimensional heterostructure with a gate length of 2 nm and a voltage varying from 0 to 0.1 V. The measured values of doping density (nd) and electron density (ne) of AlGaAs/GaAs one-dimensional heterostructure are 8.96 × 1011 cm−3 and 2 × 1026 cm−3, respectively. The system response to geometric changes in several parameters has been realized. Hence, confined restricted states were computed using wave functions and energies. The GaAs layer on top of quantum well heterostructure interfaces has been used to modulate the wave functions (eigenstates) resulting in pseudo-one dimensional or small-dimension eigenstates. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of 1D AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure through benchmarking with several homo-structures (various thicknesses) has been performed.
Utilization of wheat 55K SNP array for QTL mapping of plant height and flag leaf in a RIL population
Authors: Cheng Bin , Gao Xu , Luo Yonglu , Ding Yanqing , Chen Tianqing , Cao Ning , Xu Jianxia , Xin Zhihai , Zhang Liyi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant height (PH) and flag leaf (FL) are two crucial agronomic traits for crop yield. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from ‘Mian 96-5’ (M96-5) and ‘Guixie 3’ (GX3) was investigated in five environments to study PH and FL characteristics in Chinese southwest wheat. Eight QTLs related to PH were detected on five chromosomes 1D (1), 2D (1), 4B (2), 4D (2), and 5A (2). Of these, Qph.gaas.2D explained phenotypic variance (PVE) of 22.40%, Qph.gaas.4B.1 (PVE = 21.92%), Qph.gaas.4D.1 (PVE = 12.29%), and Qph.gaas.4D.2 (PVE = 13.69%), which were consistent with known Rht8, Rht-B1, and Rht-D1 loci, respectively. The other four QTLs about PH, namely Qph.gaas.1D (212.50–258.36 Mb), Qph.gaas.4B.2 (643.50–646.67 Mb), Qph.gaas.5A.1 (515.06–523.07 Mb), and Qph.gaas.5A.2 (523.07–528.26 Mb), were novel QTLs for reduced wheat PH. Five, four, and five QTLs were related to length, width, and area of flag leaf. Among them, a major QTL (Qfll.gaas.2D, 15.79 ~ 37.04 Mb) was detected on chromosome 2D, where six candidate genes related to the photo-respiration stage of photosynthesis were found. Two important regions on chromosome 4B (25.83 ~ 29.20 Mb and 32.96 ~ 35.63 Mb) were related to the length, width and area of flag leaf at multi-environments, and including genes related to programmed cell death and metabolic regulation of gibberellin in the wheat grain-filling stages. These QTLs would be useful in further studies for decreasing plant height, providing theoretical support for the improvement of wheat plant type and boosting grain yield through pyramiding breeding.
Delivering Digital Health Solutions that Patients Need: A Call to Action
Authors: Popa Veronica , Geissler Jan , Vermeulen Rebecca , Priest Elizabeth , Capperella Katherine , Susuzlu Gözde , Terry Sharon F. , Brooke Nicholas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDigital health solutions have the potential to complement traditional healthcare approaches and deliver improved health outcomes, but there are system-wide challenges that need to be addressed. These include fragmentation of the digital health landscape, regulatory processes that lack the agility to accommodate the fast pace of digital health advances, and inadequate transparency around data sharing and data governance. All of these challenges have led to mistrust, limited understanding and sharing of best practices, a lack of digital education and awareness, and insufficient patient and public engagement and involvement. In this paper, we argue that for digital health solutions to fulfil their potential, there needs to be a significant increase in early, meaningful, and sustained engagement with the people they intend to benefit. The uptake as well as the impact of digital solutions created in partnership with patients for patients are greater and more relevant to the communities they address.
Development of micronutrient dense composite flour for routine enrichment of complementary foods for children 6–24 months old in Acholi sub-region of Uganda
Authors: Ugada Aliet Mmbone , Okidi Lawrence , Ongeng Duncan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The use of local foods has been widely recognized as a sustainable strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies among resource-constrained households in rural areas in developing countries. Acholi sub-region of Uganda has recently recorded a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies due to inadequate iron, zinc, and calcium contents in complementary foods. Thus the sub-region was used as a case study to examine the potential of amaranth grain-silverfish-iron rich beans micronutrient dense composite flour in improving nutritional quality of complementary foods.

Design
Microsoft Excel was used to derive ingredient combinations based on the micronutrient requirements. Laboratory analyses were used to determine (1) nutritional quality; (2) functional properties and; (3) storage stability of the micronutrient-dense composite flour. Data was analysed using a one-sample t-test and analysis of variance by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.

Results
The micronutrient-dense composite flour contained 19 mg/100 g, 13 mg/100 g, and 354 mg/100 g of iron, zinc, and calcium, respectively. The cost (0.037–0.058 USD) of the micronutrient-dense composite flour required to meet the RDA for iron and zinc among children 6–24 months old was found lower than the cost (4.81 USD) of a sachet of standard micronutrient powder equivalent to RDA. The product exhibited low bulk density (0.68 g/l), high water solubility index (25.56–29.16%), and short reconstitution time (40.00–45.00 s), and remained safe during the entire 70 days of storage. Theoretically, daily enrichment of complementary foods for children 6–11 and 12–24 months old with 58 and 37 g of the composite, respectively would contribute 100% of the recommended dietary allowance for iron and zinc and 50% for calcium.

Conclusion
The developed micronutrient-dense composite flour has the potential to improve the micronutrient quality of complementary foods. A concerted effort is required to promote its use as a strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies among children 6–24 months in resource-constrained settings.
Influence of reasoned organic and inorganic fertilization on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) growth, productivity, and profitability on degraded sandy soil in South Togo
Authors: Egnime Kola Kodjovi , Outéndé Toundou , Atalaèsso Bokobana , Koffi Tozo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReasoned fertilization practices promote fertilizers formula adjusted to the crop’s needs and increase production and income. In this study, two agronomic tests were carried out on two sites named Tabligbo (site 1) and Djikame (site 2) on degraded sandy loam soils situated in the south of Togo using inorganic and organic fertilizer quantities obtained from reasoned fertilization. An indigenous variety of Abelmoschus esculentus was used and five treatments were applied: T2: mineral fertilizer (667 kg/ha), T3: waste compost (6126 kg/ha at Tabligbo and 7260 kg/ha at Dzikame), T4: mineral (333.50 kg/ha) + compost fertilizers (3063 kg/ha for site 1 and 3630 kg/ha for site 2), control (T0) and smallholder farmers’ old fertilization practices (T1). At Tabligbo, treatments T2 and T4 stimulated quick growth (74,5 ± 03.50 cm) and the highest number of fruit was obtained on T4 treatment (102 ± 09). At Djikame, treatments T2 and T3 presented the highest growth (65.82 ± 2.51 cm) and the T4 treatment gave the best number of fruits (72 ± 4.00). Economic Efficiency and Cost-Value Ratio were high on the T4 formula on Tabligbo soil (53.48% and 1.85). At Djikame, treatment T2 presents the highest value of economic parameters (24.52% and 01.35). Among treatments tested, T4 (compost + mineral fertilizer) is the effective treatment on Tabligbo sandy loam soil for okra production while the T2 (mineral fertilizer) option is the best for okra production on site 2 due to the low content in nitrogen increasing C/N ratio. The effective fertilizer formulas discovered in this study will be shared with farmers in the study areas in order to improve market garden crop production in South Togo.
The role of near-terminus conditions in the ice-flow speed of Upernavik Isstrøm in northwest Greenland
Authors: Voss Kelsey M. , Alley Karen E. , Lilien David A. , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUpernavik Isstrøm, the largest contributor to sea-level rise in northwest Greenland, has experienced complex and contrasting ice-flow-speed changes across its five outlets over the last two decades. In this study, we present a detailed remote-sensing analysis of the ice dynamics at Upernavik's outlets from 2000 to 2021 to evaluate the details of these changes. Previous research suggested that the presence or absence of floating ice tongues strongly influences Upernavik's ice dynamics. We use several lines of evidence to document the presence of floating ice tongues, and find that, while several outlets experienced ice-tongue formation and/or loss during the study period, these changes do not explain observed fluctuations in ice-flow velocity. Further exploration of ice-dynamic forcings using a flowline model suggests that changes in basal slipperiness near the terminus have a strong impact on upstream ice dynamics and can explain the velocity variations. Our results suggest that speed fluctuations at Upernavik's outlets may be seasonally and interannually controlled by bed conditions near the terminus, and highlight the need for further research on the influence of basal conditions on complex tidewater glacier dynamics.
Implementation of a diagnostic stewardship intervention to improve blood-culture utilization in 2 surgical ICUs: Time for a blood-culture change
Authors: Seidelman Jessica L. , Moehring Rebekah , Gettler Erin , Krishnan Jay , McGugan Lynn , Jordan Rachel , Murphy Margaret , Pena Heather , Polage Christopher R. , Alame Diana , Lewis Sarah , Smith Becky , Anderson Deverick , Mehdiratta Nitin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjective:We compared the number of blood-culture events before and after the introduction of a blood-culture algorithm and provider feedback. Secondary objectives were the comparison of blood-culture positivity and negative safety signals before and after the intervention.Design:Prospective cohort design.Setting:Two surgical intensive care units (ICUs): general and trauma surgery and cardiothoracic surgeryPatients:Patients aged ≥18 years and admitted to the ICU at the time of the blood-culture event.Methods:We used an interrupted time series to compare rates of blood-culture events (ie, blood-culture events per 1,000 patient days) before and after the algorithm implementation with weekly provider feedback.Results:The blood-culture event rate decreased from 100 to 55 blood-culture events per 1,000 patient days in the general surgery and trauma ICU (72% reduction; incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–0.46; P < .01) and from 102 to 77 blood-culture events per 1,000 patient days in the cardiothoracic surgery ICU (55% reduction; IRR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39–0.52; P < .01). We did not observe any differences in average monthly antibiotic days of therapy, mortality, or readmissions between the pre- and postintervention periods.Conclusions:We implemented a blood-culture algorithm with data feedback in 2 surgical ICUs, and we observed significant decreases in the rates of blood-culture events without an increase in negative safety signals, including ICU length of stay, mortality, antibiotic use, or readmissions.
Oscillatory response of Larsen C Ice Shelf flow to the calving of iceberg A-68
Authors: Deakin Katherine A. , Christie Frazer D. W. , Boxall Karla , Willis Ian C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The collapse of several ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula since the late 20th century has resulted in the upstream acceleration of multiple formerly buttressed outlet glaciers, raising questions about the stability of Antarctica's remaining ice shelves and the effects their demise may have upon inland ice. Here, we use high temporal resolution Sentinel-1A/B synthetic aperture radar-derived observations to assess the velocity response of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS) to the calving of colossal iceberg A-68 in 2017. We find marked oscillations in ice-shelf flow across LCIS in the months following A-68's calving, beginning with a near-ice-shelf-wide slowdown of 11.3 m yr−1 on average. While falling close to the limits of detectability, these ice-flow variations appear to have been presaged by similar oscillations in the years prior to A-68's breakaway, associated primarily with major rifting events, together reflecting potentially hitherto unobserved ice-shelf mechanical processes with important implications for ice-shelf weakening. Such ice-flow oscillations were, however, short-lived, with more recent observations suggesting a deceleration below longer-term rates of ice flow. Collectively, our observations reveal complex spatial-temporal patterns of ice-flow variability at LCIS. Similarly abrupt fluctuations may have important implications for the stability of other ice shelves, necessitating the continued, close observation of Antarctica's coastline in the future.
Astronomical Alignments from Structures Surrounding Giant Animal Effigy Mounds at El Paraiso, Peru
Authors: Ojeda Bernardino , Ocas Quispe Andrés , Benfer Robert A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe previously reported astronomical alignments with the principal temple of the archaeological site of El Paraiso in coastal Peru. Here we describe a new investigation of nine small platform mounds associated with the two giant animal effigy mounds at the site. A total station map of the site permits possible astronomical alignments to be measured directly from the AutoCAD map by Pixelstick or AutoCAD. We corrected alignments for obliquity and for the apparent curvature of the sun and moon over the crest of nearby ridges. Azimuths for astronomical events were obtained from Starry Night Pro Plus 6.4.3. We found that 13 of 14 alignments were within 1° of the predicted astronomical values (and all 14 were within 1.5°). To account for these findings and those of the giant animal platform effigy mounds at the site, we propose a cosmology in the Late Preceramic period of solar and lunar alignments and the linkage of supernatural animals to dark cloud constellations. The building of these mounds was directed by astronomer priests. A shared belief in a cosmology that included a punishing force may have eased transactions by engendering trust among individuals living across river valleys and at different altitudes.
Cuba’s Monetary Reform and Triple-Digit Inflation
Authors: Vidal Pavel , Luis Luis R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiverse elements have driven inflation in the Cuban economy in the early 2020s, but the big-bang devaluation of the peso in 2021—the key measure that unlocks monetary reform—stands out as the main determinant. Analysis indicates that the inflation rate ranged between 174% and 700%, well above the government’s 2021 consumer price index estimate (77%) and closer to the deflator of household consumption derived from the national income accounts (442%). Even with this larger inflation, there is room for a real depreciation of the peso in the short term. The relative rise of tradable goods prices and incomplete pass-through from the exchange rate to inflation create new incentives and enhance financial transparency in the short term. However, the absence of sufficient structural reforms, the complex macroeconomic scenario, and the persistence of high fiscal deficit, inflation, and devaluation of the peso in the informal market after 2021 put most of the potential benefits of the monetary reform at risk. Monetary instability is a deep, continuing problem.
The connective -theory of the Eilenberg–MacLane space
Authors: Davis Donald M. , Wilson W. Stephen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe compute
$ku^*\left(K\!\left({\mathbb{Z}}_p,2\right)\right)$
and
$ku_*\left(K\!\left({\mathbb{Z}}_p,2\right)\right)$
, the connective
$KU$
-cohomology and connective
$KU$
-homology groups of the mod-
$p$
Eilenberg–MacLane space
$K\!\left({\mathbb{Z}}_p,2\right)$
, using the Adams spectral sequence. We obtain a striking interaction between
$h_0$
-extensions and exotic extensions. The mod-
$p$
connective
$KU$
-cohomology groups, computed elsewhere, are needed in order to establish higher differentials and exotic extensions in the integral groups.
‘THE TRANSIENT FOREIGNER’: RESTRICTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP ACQUISITION IN CHILE AND COLOMBIA FOR THOSE SAID TO BE ‘PASSING THROUGH’
Authors: Ramaciotti Juan Pablo , Shaw Jo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article explores the constitutional regulation of birthright ius soli citizenship in two Latin American countries which restrict access to citizenship for the children of foreigners deemed to be passing through the countries. Access to citizenship is a significant marker of membership, setting the boundaries of inclusion and exclusion within and across States. Choosing the cases of Chile and Colombia, this article uses historical, institutional and comparative analysis in order to excavate the evolving conceptions of citizenship in those two countries, with particular reference to the concepts of the ‘transient foreigner’ and of ‘domicile’. The case studies provide an excellent laboratory within which to examine the evolution of constitutional ideas of citizenship and ‘the people’. In Colombia, the outcome of the investigation shows that there is unlikely to be significant long-term change in the citizenship regime towards a more generalised acceptance of unconditional ius soli, notwithstanding the substantial shorter-term measures taken to accommodate the children of undocumented migrants from Venezuela and to respond to international pressure. In Chile, combined with other ongoing constitutional work in the citizenship space as part of a wider reform process, there may be a slow journey towards a different constitutional future for so-called ‘transient foreigners’ and others excluded within the State, but this is currently stalled. Chile has, however, introduced legislation cementing a more limited concept of ‘transient foreigner’, linking this work on citizenship to the wider domain of migration governance.
Comparative evaluation of A1A2 and A2A2 cow milk-containing diets on biochemical and histological parameters of Wistar rats
Authors: Semwal Ravindra , Kumar Ankit , Semwal Ruchi Badoni , Chauhan Ashutosh , Joshi Sunil Kumar , Upadhyaya Kumud , Shodhi Monika , Semwal Deepak Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis Research Communication aims to compare the effect of A1A2 and A2A2 cow milk diets on the biochemical and histological parameters of rats. The rats were divided into four groups and fed with a normal diet, A2 milk powder, A1A2 or A2A2 cow milk diets for 90 d. Blood glucose, kidney function, liver function and lipid profile were examined during the experimental period. The study showed an increase in the body weight of the A1A2 group whereas a slight decrease in the A2A2 group, and blood glucose levels increased from d 0 to day 90 in all experimental groups. However, none of these changes were found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant changes were recorded in other parameters (serum glutamic pyruvic transferase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase for liver function, bilirubin direct, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and uric acid). The histology of the liver, kidney and pancreas also showed no changes in all groups. Overall, this study revealed no significant difference in the nutritional values of A1A2 and A2A2 milk types and hence equally beneficial for health. Although the present study showed no significant difference in the effect of both milk types in 90 d, further studies might be conducted to evaluate their longer term effects.
Exploring the potential of informal music learning in a perceived age of pedagogical traditionalism for student teachers in primary music education
Authors: Mariguddi Anna , Shirley Ian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research explored the impact of informal learning (IL) in primary music initial teacher training. A small group of undergraduate student teachers had an opportunity to learn about and facilitate an IL approach. Data were collected from interviews, participant reflective logs and researcher reflections. The findings show that perceived benefits included freedom for serendipity, pupil autonomy and aural learning; perceived tensions included student teacher anxiety and a lack of teacher control. The researchers propose two aspects for consideration: first, that language associated with IL has social meaning that must be updated; second, that while direct instruction remains at the heart of primary teacher education, IL can continue to be justified despite the current emphasis on direct explicit teaching.
Recent advances in the use of bacterial probiotics in animal production
Authors: Evangelista Alberto Gonçalves , Corrêa Jessica Audrey Feijó , Pinto Anne Caroline Marques Schoch , Gonçalves Francieli Dalvana Ribeiro , Luciano Fernando Bittencourt 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Animal husbandry is increasingly under pressure to meet world food demand. Thus, strategies are sought to ensure this productivity increment. The objective of this review was to gather advances in the use of bacterial probiotics in animal production. Lactobacilli correspond to the most used bacterial group, with several beneficial effects already reported and described, as well as the Enterococcus and Pediococcus genera – being the latter expressively used in aquaculture. Research on the Bifidobacterium genus is mostly focused on human health, which demonstrates great effects on blood biochemical parameters. Such results sustain the possibility of expanding its use in veterinary medicine. Other groups commonly assessed for human medicine but with prospective expansion to animal health are the genera Leuconostoc and Streptococcus, which have been demonstrating interesting effects on the prevention of viral diseases, and in dentistry, respectively. Although bacteria from the genera Bacillus and Lactococcus also have great potential for use in animal production, a complete characterization of the candidate strain must be previously made, due to the existence of pathogenic and/or spoilage variants. It is noteworthy that a growing number of studies have investigated the genus Propionibacterium, but still in very early stages. However, the hitherto excellent results endorse its application. In this way, in addition to the fact that bacterial probiotics represent a promising approach to promote productivity increase in animal production, the application of other strains than the traditionally employed genera may allow the exploitation of novel mechanisms and enlighten unexplored possibilities.