bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of uterine and spiral artery blood flow in women with unexplained and tubal infertility
Authors: Isaksson R. , Tiitinen A. , Reinikainen L. M. , Cacciatore B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the possible difference in uterine and spiral artery impedance to blood flow among women with unexplained and tubal infertility during spontaneous and gonadotropin‐stimulated cycles.MethodsWe prospectively compared uterine and spiral artery pulsatility index and peak systolic velocity in a longitudinal study in women with either unexplained infertility (n = 20) or tubal infertility (n = 18). Measurements of uterine and spiral artery impedance were taken on days 11–12, 16–17 and 21–23 of the spontaneous cycle and on days 1, 5 and 10 during gonadotropin stimulation. In addition, measurements were taken on the days of oocyte pick‐up and embryo transfer.ResultsA clinical pregnancy was achieved in 8/20 (40%) women with unexplained and 6/18 (33.3%) women with tubal infertility with in‐vitro fertilization treatment. There were no differences in the uterine artery pulsatility index or peak systolic velocity during the spontaneous or the in‐vitro fertilization cycle between the two groups. The impedance to blood flow in the uterine or spiral artery did not differ between women conceiving with in‐vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer and those who did not. However, the spiral artery pulsatility index on the 5th day of gonadotropin stimulation was significantly lower among women with unexplained infertility (0.96 ± 0.25) compared to women with tubal infertility (1.24 ± 0.30; P < 0.05), but on the other days of gonadotropin stimulation the spiral artery pulsatility index and peak systolic velocity were similar.ConclusionsImpaired uterine or spiral artery blood flow is not an important factor in unexplained infertility. Copyright © 2003 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical length at 11–14 weeks' and 22–24 weeks' gestation evaluated by transvaginal sonography, and gestational age at delivery
Authors: Carvalho M. H. B. , Bittar R. E. , Brizot M. L. , Maganha P. P. S. , Borges Da Fonseca E. S. V. , Zugaib M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare cervical length measurements obtained at 11 to 14 weeks and 22 to 24 weeks of gestation in an unselected group of pregnant women and to correlate the measurements with time of delivery.MethodsThis was a prospective study involving 529 pregnant women attending for routine antenatal care who underwent transvaginal scans at 11–14 weeks and 22–24 weeks for evaluation of cervical length. The mean cervical length was calculated at both stages of gestation and lengths were compared between groups which delivered at term or prematurely, this being defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation.ResultsThe mean cervical lengths at 11–14 and 22–24 weeks were, respectively, 42.4 mm and 38.6 mm. Cervical length at 11–14 weeks was not significantly different between the groups which delivered at term (42.7 mm) and preterm (40.6 mm). However, at the 22–24‐week evaluation, cervical length was significantly shorter in the group which had a preterm delivery than in that which had a term delivery (26.7 mm and 39.3 mm, respectively; P = 0.0001). In the group of women with a previous history of one or more preterm deliveries, there was a greater shortening in cervical length from the first to the second evaluation than there was in the group of women with no previous history of preterm delivery. This shortening was also more pronounced in the group which delivered prematurely (from 40.6 mm to 26.7 mm) than in that which delivered at term (from 42.7 mm to 39.3 mm).ConclusionThere is a spontaneous shortening in the pregnant cervix from the first to the second trimester of pregnancy. The shortening is more rapid in pregnant women who deliver prematurely and who have a history of previous preterm delivery. Copyright © 2003 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nasal bone length throughout gestation: normal ranges based on 3537 fetal ultrasound measurements
Authors: Sonek J. D. , Mckenna D. , Webb D. , Croom C. , Nicolaides K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo establish normal ranges for nasal bone length measurements throughout gestation and to compare measurements in two subsets of patients of different race (African‐American vs. Caucasian) to determine whether a different normal range should be used in these populations.MethodNormal nasal bone length reference ranges were generated using prenatal measurements by a standardized technique in 3537 fetuses.ResultsThe nasal bone lengths were found to correlate positively with advancing gestation (R2 = 0.77, second‐order polynomial). No statistical difference was found between African‐American and Caucasian subjects.ConclusionThese reference ranges may prove to be useful in prenatal screening and diagnosis of syndromes known to be associated with nasal hypoplasia. Different normal ranges for African‐American and Caucasian women are not required. Copyright © 2003 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four ARF GAPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have both overlapping and distinct functions
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Jiang , Bowzard J. Bradford , Anido Aimee , Kahn Richard A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrevious studies in yeast have revealed the presence of four proteins with a conserved, cysteine‐rich, ARF GAP domain that share the ability to suppress the conditional growth defect of the arf1‐3 mutant. Three of these proteins have been shown previously to be ADP‐ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase‐activating proteins (GAPs). We now demonstrate that the fourth also exhibits in vitro ARF GAP activity and correlates the suppressor and ARF GAP activities for all four. Because the four ARF GAP proteins are quite diverse outside the ARF GAP domain, a genetic analysis was undertaken to define the level of functional cross‐talk between them. A large number of synthetic defects were observed that point to a high degree of functional overlap among the four ARF GAPs. However, several differences were also noted in the ability of each gene to suppress the synthetic defects of others and in the impact of single or combined deletions on assays of membrane traffic. We interpret these results as supportive evidence for roles of ARF GAPs in a number of distinct, essential cellular processes that include cell growth, protein secretion, endocytosis and cell cycling. The description of the specificities of the ARF GAPs for the different responses is viewed as a necessary first step in dissecting biologically relevant pathways through a functionally overlapping family of signalling proteins. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic AMP mediates the cell cycle dynamics of energy metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Müller Dirk , Exler Simone , Aguilera‐Vázquez Luciano , Guerrero‐Martín Ester , Reuss Matthias 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have investigated the role of 3′,5′‐cyclic‐adenosine‐monophosphate (cAMP) in mediating the coupling between energy metabolism and cell cycle progression in both synchronous cultures and oscillating continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For the first time, a peak in intracellular cAMP was shown to precede the observed breakdown of trehalose and glycogen during cell cycle‐related oscillations. Measurements in synchronous cultures demonstrated that this peak can be associated with the cell cycle dynamics of cAMP under conditions of glucose‐limited growth, which was found to differ significantly from that observed in synchronous glucose‐repressed cultures. Our results support the notion that cAMP plays a major role in mediating the integration of energy metabolism and cell cycle progression, both in the single cell and during cell cycle‐related oscillations in continuous culture, respectively. Evidence is presented that the dynamic behaviour of intracellular cAMP during the cell cycle is modulated depending on nutrient supply. The implications of these findings regarding the role of cAMP in regulating cell cycle progression and energy metabolism are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topochemically Controlled Redox Reactions in the System In/Sn/Cl
Authors: Beck Horst P. , Becker Daniel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe difference in reactivity of the two modifications of InCl in solid state reactions with SnCl2 is discussed. It is explained on the basis of semi‐empirical and ab initio calculations giving the density of states diagrams of InCl and the energies of possible disproportionation reactions. Their general features are discussed on the basis of a simple bonding picture for open‐packed structures involving inert pair elements. A detailed analysis of the DOS distribution allows to pinpoint the observed redox instability to a specific structural feature of α‐InCl.
Pressure‐induced Changes of the Crystal Structure of Eu4P3
Authors: Cardoso‐Gil R. , Niewa R. , Schmidt M. , Armbrüster M. , Hanfland M. , Klementiev K. , Schwarz Ulrich 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPressure‐induced structural changes and electronic properties of rhombohedral Eu4P3 were characterised by means of X‐ray powder diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at the Eu LIII threshold. The measurements at low pressures indicate oxidation states of the europium atoms which are compatible with a composition Eu32+Eu3+P3. At a pressure of 8(1) GPa, Eu4P3 undergoes a structural phase transition. The cubic high pressure modification with (anti‐)Th3P4 type crystal structure is also identified as a compound with a non‐integer average oxidation state of the europium atoms.
Structure and Bonding of the Hexameric Platinum(II) Dichloride, Pt6Cl12 (β‐PtCl2)
Authors: von Schnering Hans Georg , Chang Jen‐Hui , Peters Karl , Peters Eva‐Maria , Wagner Frank R. , Grin Yuri , Thiele Gerhard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe crystal structure of Pt6Cl12 (β‐PtCl2) was redetermined ($R \bar 3 m$ ah = 13.126Å, ch = 8.666Å, Z = 3; arh = 8.110Å, α = 108.04°; 367 hkl, R = 0.032). As has been shown earlier, the structure is in principle a hierarchical variant of the cubic structure type of tungsten (bcc), which atoms are replaced by the hexameric Pt6Cl12 molecules. Due to the 60° rotation of the cuboctahedral clusters about one of the trigonal axes, the symmetry is reduced from $Im \bar 3 m$ to $R \bar 3 m$ ($I \bar 3 m$). The molecule Pt6Cl12 shows the (trigonally elongated) structure of the classic M6X12 cluster compounds with (distorted) square‐planar PtCl4 fragments, however without metal‐metal bonds. The Pt atoms are shifted outside the Cl12 cuboctahedron by Δ = +0.046Å ($\bar {\rm d}$(Pt—Cl) = 2.315Å; $\bar {\rm d}$(Pt—Pt) = 3.339Å). The scalar relativistic DFT calculations results in the full $m \bar 3 m$ symmetry for the optimized structure of the isolated molecule with d(Pt—Cl) = 2.381Å, d(Pt—Pt) = 3.468Å and Δ = +0.072Å. The electron distribution of the Pt‐Pt antibonding HOMO exhibits an outwards‐directed asymmetry perpendicular to the PtCl4 fragments, that plays the decisive role for the cluster packing in the crystal. A comparative study of the Electron Localization Function with the hypothetical trans‐(Nb2Zr4)Cl12 molecule shows the distinct differences between Pt6Cl12 and clusters with metal‐metal bonding. Due to the characteristic electronic structure, the crystal structure of Pt6Cl12 in space group $R \bar 3 m$ is an optimal one, which results from comparison with rhombohedral Zr6I12 and a cubic bcc arrangement.
Von kleinen Bausteinen zu neuen Poly‐alkoxo‐oxometallat‐Derivaten: Synthese und Strukturaufklärung von K4[VIV12O12(OCH3)16(C4O4)6], Cs10[VIV24O24(OCH3)32(C4O4)12][VIV8O8(OCH3)16(C2O4)] und M2[VIV8O8(OCH3)16(VIVOF4)] (M = [N(nBu)4] bzw. [NEt4])
Authors: Spandl Johann , Brüdgam Irene , Hartl Hans 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDurch Umsetzung von ortho‐Vanadinsäuremethylester [VO(OMe)3] mit Quadratsäure und Kalium‐ bzw. Caesiumhydroxid konnten unter Solvothermalbedingungen die Verbindungen K4[VIV12O12(OCH3)16(C4O4)6] (2) und Cs10[VIV24O24(OCH3)32(C4O4)12][VIV8O8(OCH3)16(C2O4)] (3) synthetisiert werden. Mit Tetra‐n‐butyl‐ bzw. Tetra‐n‐ethylammoniumfluorid erhält man [N(nBu)4]2[VIV8O8(OCH3)16(VIVOF4)] (4) und [N(Et)4]2[VIV8O8(OCH3)16(VIVOF4)] (5). In den Verbindungen 2 und 3 sind an den Ecken eines Tetraeders bzw. Würfels sitzende {(VO)3(OMe)4}‐Gruppen entlang der Tetraeder‐ bzw. Würfelkanten über sechs bzw. zwölf Quadratatogruppen miteinander verknüpft. Die achtkernigen Anionen in den Verbindungen 3, 4 und 5 kann man sich aus oligomeren, kettenförmigen Fragmenten des Vanadinsäuremethylesters, die sich um die Anionen C2O42— oder VOF4— zum Ring schliessen, aufgebaut denken.Kristalldaten: 2, tetragonal, P43, a = 18, 166(3)Å, c = 29, 165(7)Å, V = 9625(3)Å3, Z = 4, dc = 1, 469 gcm—3; 3, orthorhombisch, Pbca, a = 29, 493(5)Å, b = 25, 564(4)Å, c = 31, 076Å, V = 23430(6)Å3, Z = 4, dc = 1, 892 gcm—3; 4, monoklin, P21/n, a = 9, 528(1)Å, b = 23, 021(2)Å, c = 19, 303(2)Å, β = 92, 570(2)°, V = 4229, 8(5)Å3, Z = 2, dc = 1, 391 gcm—3; 5, monoklin, P21/n, a = 16, 451(2)Å, b = 8, 806(1)Å, c = 23, 812(1)Å, β = 102, 423(2)°, V = 3368, 7(6)Å3, Z = 2, dc = 1, 534 gcm—3.
Toward Trash That Thinks: Product Tags for Environmental Management
Authors: Saar Steven , Thomas Valerie 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn this article, we explore several options for linking information technology to materials and products through the use of bar codes and radio‐frequency identification (RFID) tags, and the implications for product life‐cycle management. We also describe tests with existing and modified tags, both on and inside products, as would be needed for environmental management applications.Bar codes are cheap and have an existing infrastructure; RFID tags are more expensive and less widespread, but they can be read without a line of sight between the tag and the reader. Bar codes and RFID tags carrying basic product information could link to different databases for a range of applications. Product tags could increase recycling efficiency by automating the sorting of recyclables or by linking to product dismantling instructions during the recycling process. Product tags could provide incentives for good waste management, through Universal Product Code (UPC) bar‐code recycling coupons or through RFID tag automatic recycling credits for curbside collection programs. Measures to encourage the development of these types of applications include moves toward competitive, market‐based waste management systems, the encouragement of experimental systems, and coordination between manufacturers and waste management industries.
2-Methoxyestradiol alters cell motility, migration, and adhesion
Authors: Sattler Martin , Quinnan Laura R. , Pride Yuri B. , Gramlich Jessica L. , Chu Stephanie C. , Even Gaelle C. , Kraeft Stine-Katherin , Chen Lan Bo , Salgia Ravi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of 2-methoxyestradiol, 2ME2, an endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), on cell growth and cytoskeletal functions in a BCR-ABL—transformed cell line model was investigated. We determined the interaction of 2ME2 with STI571 (Gleevec, imatinib mesylate) in STI571 drug-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. In cells expressing BCR-ABL, STI571 cooperated with 2ME2 in reducing cell growth, and STI571-resistant cells were sensitive to 2ME2 treatment. 2ME2 also inhibited growth of several cancer cell lines by a mechanism independent of BCR-ABL. BCR-ABL transformation leads to altered motility, increased adhesion, and spontaneous migration in different in vitro model systems. 2ME2 was found to specifically inhibit the spontaneous motility of BCRABL—transformed Ba/F3 cells and to change the morphology and volume of treated cells. Cells attached to fibronectin-coated surfaces showed a reduced number of filipodia and lamellipodia. In addition, 2ME2 significantly reduced BCRABL—mediated adhesion to fibronectin. The spontaneous migration of BCR-ABL—transformed cells through a transwell membrane also was found to be significantly decreased by 2ME2. Cytoskeletal changes were accompanied by alteration of tubulin formation, distinct from paclitaxel treatment. These results demonstrate that 2ME2 treatment of transformed cells strongly reduces cytoskeletal functions and may also be useful for the treatment of cancers with high metastatic potential. Combination of 2ME2 with other anticancer drugs may be beneficial to treatment of drug-resistant cancers. (Blood. 2003;102:289-296)
Relative movements between Kinemax Plus tibial inserts and the tibial base-plates
Authors: Ash H E , Scholes S C , Parkin R , Unsworth A 
Published: March 2003

Tests were performed on six large Kinemax Plus knee bearings (snap-fit design) to evaluate the amount of movement between 10- and 15-mm-thick tibial inserts and the tibial base plates. The knee bearings were tested up to 1 × 106 cycles on the Durham six-station knee wear simulator which subjected the bearings to similar motion and loading profiles that would be experienced by the natural knee during walking. Although passive internal/external (I/E) rotation was allowed, no active I/E rotation was applied. The movement of the tibial inserts was measured with dial gauges (accuracy ±0.01 mm) before and after the bearings were tested on the simulator, when unloaded, and throughout the tests while the bearings were being dynamically loaded in the simulator. Movement occurred between the tibial insert and the tibial base plate after initial assembly due to the snap-fit mechanism used to locate the tibial insert within the tibial base plate. However this decreased appreciably when the bearings were loaded in the simulator. The amount of movement did not change with time when the bearings were continuously loaded in the simulator. However, after each test the amount of movement of the tibial inserts, when unloaded, was only 65 per cent (anterior-posterior) and 46 per cent (medial-lateral) of the values before the test. This was thought to be due to creep of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) inserts. The movement between the tibial insert and tibial base plate in situ is likely to be much less than that observed by a surgeon at the time of assembly due to loading of the knee bearing in the body. However, the amount of movement when the tibial inserts are loaded may still be great enough to produce a second interface where wear of the tibial insert may take place.
Clinical Breast and Pelvic Examination Requirements for Hormonal Contraception
Authors: Stewart Felicia H. , Harper Cynthia C. , Ellertson Charlotte E. , Grimes David A. , Sawaya George F. , Trussell James 
Published: March 2003

Clinical breast and pelvic examinations are commonly accepted practices prior to provision of hormonal contraception. Such examinations, however, may reduce access to highly effective contraceptive methods, and may therefore increase women's overall health risks. These unnecessary requirements also involve ethical considerations and unwittingly reinforce the widely held but incorrect perception that hormonal contraceptive methods are dangerous.This article reviews and summarizes the relevant medical literature and policy statements from major organizations active in the field of contraception. Consensus developed during the last decade supports a change in practice: hormonal contraception can safely be provided based on careful review of medical history and blood pressure measurement. For most women, no further evaluation is necessary. Pelvic and breast examinations and screening for cervical neoplasia and sexually transmitted infection, while important in their own right, do not provide information necessary for identifying women who should avoid hormonal contraceptives or who need further evaluation before making a decision about their use.
BCG Vaccination and Risk of Atopy
Authors: rause Tyra G. , Hviid Anders , Koch Anders , Friborg Jeppe , Hjuler Thomas , Wohlfahrt Jan , Olsen Ove Rosing , Kristensen Bjarne , Melbye Mads 
Published: March 2003

ContextIt has been suggested that BCG vaccination may protect against development of allergic diseases, particularly when given just after birth. BCG vaccination was given routinely to all infants in Greenland until 1990, when it was withdrawn from the vaccination program. Whether this resulted in an increased prevalence of atopy in children born after the stop of BCG vaccination is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether BCG vaccination and age at BCG vaccination are associated with development of atopy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study among schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 years in 4 towns on the northwest coast of Greenland. Participants had a blood sample drawn and information on BCG vaccination was obtained during 2 periods, November 1998 and November 2001. A total of 1686 children (79% of available children) participated, 1575 of whom had complete information on vaccination status. Atopy was defined as a positive test result in an assay that tests for IgE specific against the most common inhalant allergens in serum.Main Outcome MeasuresOdds ratio (OR) of atopy in BCG-vaccinated compared with unvaccinated children and OR according to age at vaccination.ResultsThe risk of atopy was the same in BCG-vaccinated compared with unvaccinated children after adjustment for confounders (OR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.48). The risk of atopy in BCG-vaccinated children was not associated with age at vaccination (P = .17).ConclusionsBCG vaccination administered to infants is not associated with reduced risk of development of atopy.
Fatal Bacillus cereus sepsis following resolving neutropenic enterocolitis during the treatment of acute leukemia
Authors: Ginsburg Amy S. , Salazar Lupe G. , True Lawrence D. , Disis Mary L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBacillus cereus is increasingly being acknowledged as a serious bacterial pathogen in immunosuppressed hosts. We report a case of fatal B. cereus sepsis in a patient with newly diagnosed acute leukemia following resolving neutropenic enterocolitis. Gastrointestinal complaints are common during induction chemotherapy, yet some antimicrobial coverage suitable for generalized neutropenia is not optimal for the eradication of B. cereus. This case demonstrates that, in the neutropenic patient with gastrointestinal complaints or in the setting of resolving neutropenic enterocolitis, it is important to anticipate possible B. cereus infection and sepsis. Am. J. Hematol. 72:204–208, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in sensitivity to calcium and enzymatic hydrolysis of membranes from sickle cell disease and trait erythrocytes
Authors: Judd Allan M. , Best Katrina B. , Christensen Kathrine , Rodgers George M. , Bell John D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNormally, human erythrocytes display several responses to elevated intracellular calcium levels. These include a shape transition from discocyte to spherocyte, shedding of microvesicles into the extracellular fluid, and enhanced susceptibility to the hydrolytic action of secretory phospholipase A2. These responses to elevated intracellular calcium were all blunted in erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S. The reduction of both the shape transition and the shedding of microvesicles were greater than the impairment of phospholipase susceptibility, and both correlated strongly with the intracellular content of hemoglobin S. In contrast to the response to elevated intracellular calcium, erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S displayed a 2.5‐fold increase in basal susceptibility to phospholipase A2 compared to control erythrocytes in the absence of ionophore. The effect was more prominent among samples from patients heterozygous for hemoglobin S than in samples from homozygous individuals. These results reveal additional abnormalities in the membranes of sickle cell erythrocytes beyond those described previously and demonstrate that red blood cells from both heterozygous and homozygous are affected. Furthermore, they suggest a possible means by which sickle cell disease and trait patients may display enhanced vulnerability to inflammatory stimuli. Am. J. Hematol. 72:162–169, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.