bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotypic Antibody Response to Plaque Anaerobes in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Plombas Marc , Gobert Bernard , De March Anne Kennel , Sarda Marie N. Kolopp , Sixou Michel , Béné Marie C. , Miller Neal , Faure Gilbert C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: It has been suggested that locally produced immunoglobulin (Ig)A could be more protective than IgG and that there could be a relationship between crevicular fluid‐specific IgA levels and the onset of periodontal disease. This study was designed to investigate this hypothesis regarding specific immune responses towards 4 plaque anaerobes in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva from patients with periodontopathies and controls.Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and whole saliva were collected from 35 adults with periodontitis and 24 periodontally healthy adults (controls). Antigens were extracted from Actinomyces actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum and used to set up specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests to assess IgA and IgG levels to these microorganisms in the fluids collected.Results: The crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients contained significantly higher levels of IgG to the 4 microorganisms tested than that of controls (P <10–6 for all comparisons). IgA levels to the 4 bacteria were statistically significantly much higher in control crevicular fluid (P <10–7 for all comparisons). Controls also had statistically significantly higher levels of specific salivary IgA than patients (P <0.02 for all comparisons).Conclusions: These data support the potentially protective role of specific IgA directed to oral microorganisms involved in the onset and development of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2002;73:1507‐1511.
Alveolar Bone Upper Growth in Furcation Area Using Combined Orthodontic‐Regenerative Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Ogihara Shigeki , Marks Manuel H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This case report demonstrates orthodontic and regenerative combined therapy in a 49‐year‐old male whose right maxillary premolar furcation had a bony defect with poor biologic width resulting from extensive subgingival caries. In these advanced interdisciplinary cases, crown lengthening with periodontal surgery alone does not solve the complex clinical problems. We believe that a combined orthodontic and periodontal regenerative combination therapy offers the best option for achieving a predictable outcome.Methods: First, regenerative therapy by open debridement with a bioabsorbable synthetic bone graft, bioabsorbable membrane, and minocycline root conditioning was carried out. Eight weeks after initial surgery, orthodontic extrusion was initiated.Results: Radiographs and reentry documentation suggest that the furcation defect associated with poor biologic width was successfully treated.Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that orthodontic‐regenerative combined therapy can resolve complex clinical problems and enhance predictability. J Periodontol 2002;73:1522‐1527.
Smoking and Complications of Endosseous Dental Implants
Authors: Schwartz‐Arad Devorah , Samet Naama , Samet Nachum , Mamlider Avi 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of the complications and survival rate related to dental implants among smokers and non‐smokers, and to evaluate the influence of smoking by analyzing data of 959 implants placed in 261 patients during the years 1995 to 1998.Methods: Patients were divided into 3 groups: non‐smokers, mild smokers (up to 10 cigarettes per day) and heavy smokers (more than 10 cigarettes per day); smokers were divided into 2 subgroups according to duration of smoking (less or more than 10 years). Complications included minor (spontaneous implant exposure), major (spontaneous implant exposure requiring surgical intervention), and implant failure. The influence of smoking was analyzed for the type of implant cover screw and immediate versus late implantation.Results: The overall failure rate was 2% for non‐smokers and 4% for all smokers. Minor and major complications were found in higher percentages (46%) in the smoking groups than in the non‐smoking group (31%). A significantly higher incidence of complications was found among smokers who received dental implants with high cover screws (63%) compared to those who received dental implants with flat cover screws (27%).Conclusions: This study establishes a relationship between implant complications and smoking, implant type (external or internal hex), and time of implantation as significant factors. A higher incidence of complications was found in the smoking group, especially in implants that had a high cover screw. Most complications will not lead to failures. Immediate implants failed less frequently than non‐immediate implants. Limiting or reducing smoking habits will decrease complications of endosseous dental implants. J Periodontol 2002;73:153‐157.
Combined Periodontal Regenerative Technique in Human Intrabony Defects by Collagen Membranes and Anorganic Bovine Bone. A Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Paolantonio Michele 
Published: February 2005

Background: Combined periodontal regenerative technique (CPRT) is a surgical procedure that combines the use of barrier membranes with a filling material in the treatment of periodontal defects. The effectiveness of CPRT has been evaluated in many studies in comparison to GTR with membranes alone, but conflicting results have been obtained by different clinicians, particularly in the treatment of intrabony defects. The aim of the present study was to compare CPRT to GTR with collagen membranes in the treatment of human intrabony defects characterized by a relevant 1‐wall component.Methods: Thirty‐four (34) healthy, non‐smoking patients affected by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis participated in this study. Each patient had good oral hygiene and at least 1 radiographically detectable intrabony defect ≥4 mm, with a 1‐wall component of at least 50% of the defect, involving 2 tooth surfaces or more with a probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm. Seventeen (17) subjects were randomly assigned to the test group and underwent CPRT by anorganic bovine bone and a collagen membrane, and 17 randomly assigned to the control group who received GTR with a collagen membrane alone. Pre‐ and post‐therapy clinical parameters (probing depth [PD]; clinical attachment level [CAL]; gingival recession [GR]) and intrasurgical parameters (depth of intraosseous component [IOC]; level of the alveolar crest [ACL]) were compared between test and control groups 1 year after treatment. Vertical bone gain (VBG) from the base of the defect to the cemento‐enamel junction was also evaluated in both groups.Results: At the 1‐year examination, clinical and intrasurgical parameters showed statistically significant changes within each experimental group from baseline. A statistically greater CAL gain was reported in the test group (P <0.05), whereas the control group exhibited more GR and alveolar crest resorption at a statistically signifi‐cant level (P <0.01). VBG was significantly greater (P <0.01) at test sites (5.23 ± 1.30 mm) compared to controls (3.82 ± 1.28 mm).Conclusions: The results suggest that the use of CPRT may be preferred when bioabsorbable membranes are used to treat intrabony defects characterized by unfavorable architecture. J Periodontol 2002;73:158‐166.
The Effects of Periodontal Therapy on Intracrevicular Prostaglandin E2 Concentrations and Clinical Parameters in Pregnancy
Authors: Yalcin Funda , Basegmez Cansu , Isik Gulden , Berber Lacin , Eskinazi Esti , Soydinc Mahtaban , Issever Halim , Onan Utku 
Published: February 2005

Background: The increase in circulating levels of progesterone during pregnancy stimulates production of prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin E2, possibly resulting in pregnancy gingivitis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of prostaglandin E2 concentrations on gingival tissues in pregnancy and to assess its relationship to clinical parameters.Methods: This study evaluates the effects of periodontal treatment on clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and gingival crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 levels of 22 pregnant women in their first, second, and third trimesters. Initial periodontal therapy consisting of scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene instruction was performed at the beginning of the first trimester and repeated each trimester. Prostaglandin E2 concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid were determined using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit. The statistical tests used were paired sample test and correlation analysis.Results: The results of the study show that periodontal therapy has resulted in an improvement in clinical parameters (P <0.05). There is also a statistically significant decrease in levels of prostaglandin E2 at the second and third trimesters following periodontal therapy (P <0.001). The correlation between prostaglandin E2 concentrations and clinical parameters is found to be non‐significant (P >0.05).Conclusions: Our data indicate that levels of prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid may be used as a marker of gingival inflammation in order to determine the effects of periodontal therapy in pregnancy. Periodontal therapy that is performed throughout the entire pregnancy period may help prevent the threat of pregnancy gingivitis. J Periodontol 2002;73:173‐177.
Dentin Morphology and Permeability After Brushing With Different Toothpastes in the Presence and Absence of Smear Layer
Authors: Prati Carlo , Venturi Lucia , Valdré Giovanni , Mongiorgi Romano 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology and permeability of dentin after brushing with different toothpastes in the presence and absence of smear layers.Methods: Dentin discs were prepared from extracted third molars. Dentin permeability was measured using a hydraulic pressure apparatus working at 70 cm H2O pressure. Dentin was treated with 0.5 M EDTA for 5 minutes and washed to remove a smear layer and to establish the maximum permeability of each dentin disc, which was expressed as 100%. A new smear layer was then created on the upper surface using a #400 carbide paper under water for 30 seconds. Dentin permeability of the smear layer‐covered dentin was measured and expressed as a percentage of the maximum permeability of that specimen, permitting each specimen to serve as its own control. Each sample was then brushed by a mechanical device under water for 3 minutes with constant pressure of 250 g using a medium toothbrush and permeability remeasured. Finally, 1 of 5 different toothpastes was applied on the dentin and brushed for 3 minutes. In another group, the same procedures were performed with the exception of the smear layer production, so it was possible to calculate changes in the permeability of dentin with open tubules following brushing. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of dentin was obtained before and after treatments with brushing and toothpastes.Results: Dentin permeability was reduced by brushing procedures when the smear layer was absent, but it was increased when the smear layer was present. Toothpaste application reduced dentin permeability when no smear layer was present on the top of the surface, but modified and increased permeability of samples with smear layers. SEM observations demonstrated the presence of dentifrice particles on dentin surfaces and inside dentinal tubules, and this may be responsible for the observed reductions in permeability. Smear plugs produced during dentin brushing were not removed by the dentifrices.Conclusions: Dentin permeability and morphology are significantly affected by toothbrushing and by the type of dentifrice used. The presence of smear plugs in the dentin may decrease severity. J Periodontol 2002;73:183‐190.
Influence of Nicotine Administration on Different Implant Surfaces: A Histometric Study in Rabbits
Authors: Stefani Cristine M. , Filho Getúlio R. Nogueira , Sallum Enilson A. , De Toledo Sérgio , Sallum Antonio W. , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study investigated the influence of implant surface on osseointegration around titanium implants inserted in the tibiae of rabbits administered with nicotine.Methods: Thirty‐two (32) New Zealand rabbits were included in the study. After anesthesia, the tibia surface was exposed and 2 screw‐shaped commercially available pure titanium implants 7.0 mm in length and 3.75 mm in diameter were placed bilaterally. A total of 128 implants were inserted: 64 blasted with Al2O3 particles (Group 1) and 64 with a machined surface finish (Group 2). The animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment subgroups, and daily subcutaneous injections of nicotine were administered: A) saline solution; B) 0.37 mg/kg; C) 0.57 mg/kg; and D) 0.93 mg/kg. In order to label regenerated bone, a 2% calcein green solution was administered by intramuscular injection at 0, 7, and 15 days after implant insertion. After 42 days, the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified sections were prepared. The degree of bone contact with the implant surface, the bone area, and the intensity of bone labeling were measured into the limits of the implant threads.Results: Statistical analysis (2‐way ANOVA) revealed no significant difference regarding the effect of nicotine on bone healing around the implants (P >0.05). However, a significant influence of the implant surface on the degree of bone‐to‐implant contact was detected in groups C (30.13 ± 4.97 and 37.85 ± 8.85, for machined and Al2O3‐blasted surfaces, respectively) and D (27.79 ± 3.93 and 33.13 ± 8.87, for machined and Al2O3‐blasted surfaces, respectively) (P< 0.05).Conclusions: Although nicotine administration may not statistically influence bone healing around titanium implants, implant surface design may enhance osseointegration after nicotine administration. J Periodontol 2002;73:206‐212.
Evaluation of Frozen Subepithelial Connective Tissue Grafts to Increase the Zone of Attached Gingiva. Report of 5 Cases
Authors: Soileau Kristi M. , Aydin Betul Gofteci , Davenport William D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: In the past decade, gingival tissue has been regenerated using subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SECT). This report presents the use of frozen subepithelial connective tissue (FSECT) for increasing the zone of attached keratinized gingiva (KG).Methods: Five cases, 4 females and 1 male, aged 55 to 73 years, presented with inadequate attached KG. The SECT grafts were harvested from the palatal flap during conventional flap surgery. All grafts were frozen immediately. Five weeks to 10 months later, the grafts were placed in areas in which patients had inadequate KG.Results: In all cases, healing was uneventful. All cases were followed up 3 months to 1.5 years. An increase of 1 to 3 mm of KG was achieved.Conclusions: These cases show that the FSECT graft is useful in treating mucogingival problems. Further randomized controlled trials over long periods of time are necessary to establish whether this procedure offers long‐term benefits to patients. J Periodontol 2002;73:220‐230.
A Critical Assessment of Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) Genotyping When Used in a Genetic Susceptibility Test for Severe Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Greenstein Gary , Hart Thomas C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This review addresses the ability of commercially available genetic susceptibility test to determine the risk of developing severe chronic periodontitis. The test is used to detect the simultaneous occurrence of allele 2 at the IL‐1A +4845 and IL‐1B +3954 loci. If both of these polymorphisms are present, patients are referred to as being genotype‐positive and considered predisposed to becoming afflicted with severe chronic periodontitis. A basic premise of this test is the assumption that individuals who are genotype‐positive produce increased amounts of IL‐ β in response to microbial lipopolysaccharides, which allegedly predisposes them to an exaggerated inflammatory response and an increased incidence of chronic periodontitis.Methods: Controlled clinical trials were selected that evaluated the ability of the genetic test to predict which patients were susceptible to bleeding upon probing, periodontitis, peri‐implantitis, and tooth loss.Results: Comparison of results from test (genotypepositive) and control groups (genotype‐negative) revealed that there is ambiguity with regard to predicting which patients will manifest elevated subgingival levels of IL‐ β. Similarly, it is questionable if the test is able to forecast which individuals will demonstrate an increased occurrence of bleeding upon probing, diminished clinical attachment, decreased osseous support, or loss of teeth.Conclusions: There are many unanswered questions concerning the utility of detecting allele 2 at the IL‐1A +4845 and IL‐1B +3954 loci to foretell which patients will develop severe chronic periodontitis. Therefore, clinicians must cautiously interpret results obtained with the commercially available genetic susceptibility test before they alter maintenance schedules or treatment regimens of symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. J Periodontol 2002;73:231‐247.
Periodontopathic Bacteria in Young Healthy Subjects of Different Ethnic Backgrounds in Los Angeles
Authors: Sirinian Garo , Shimizu Tota , Sugar Catherine , Slots J⊘rgen , Chen Casey 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study determined risk indicators for oral colonization by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola in 150 children and adolescents, 4 to 16 years of age, living in Los Angeles, California.Methods: Fifty Caucasians, 50 Hispanics, and 50 Asian‐Americans completed a questionnaire on demographic characteristics. 16S rRNAbased polymerase chain reaction identification was employed to determine the presence of test bacteria in unstimulated saliva. Step‐wise logistic regression analysis identified explanatory variables (risk indicators) accounting for the salivary presence of periodontopathic bacteria.Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred in 15%, P. gingivalis in 15%, B. forsythus in 14%, and T. denticola in 18% of all subjects. Two or more pathogens were detected in 20% of Hispanic subjects and in 12% of Asian‐American subjects but not in any Caucasians (P = 0.0005, chi square test). However, no stable multivariate model including ethnicity was found for multiple pathogens. Risk for harboring any pathogens increased with the length of time lapse from last dental visit (odds ratio [OR], 4.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83 to 12.21), and decreased with higher education level of the mother (OR, 0.258; 95% CI, 0.052 to 0.875). Risk for harboring 2 or more periodontal pathogens decreased with the years the parents had resided in the United States (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.901 to 0.992). Risk for harboring A. actinomycetemcomitans decreased as the number of years the parents had resided in the United States increased (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.95), and decreased with higher income level of the father (OR, 0.201; 95% CI, 0.038 to 0.948). Girls were at higher risk for harboring P. gingivalis (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.02 to 7.03), but at lower risk for carrying T. denticola (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.98).Conclusions: This study showed that salivary occurrence of periodontopathic bacteria in young individuals was related to the length of time the parents had lived in the United States, education level of the mother, length of time since last dental visit, and gender, but apparently not to ethnicity per se. J Periodontol 2002;73:283‐288.
Tongue Piercing: Impact of Time and Barbell Stem Length on Lingual Gingival Recession and Tooth Chipping
Authors: Campbell Allison , Moore Alisa , Williams Elly , Stephens Joni , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The increasing popularity of tongue piercing has prompted several case reports documenting oral complications of this practice. However, there are no studies assessing potentially significant parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of time (years of wear) and tongue barbell size (stem length) on gingival recession and tooth chipping.Methods: Fifty‐two adults (mean age 22) with tongue piercings were examined for gingival recession on the lingual aspect of the 12 anterior teeth and for tooth chipping anywhere in the mouth. Subjects were grouped according to years of wear (0 to 2, 2 to 4, and 4+ years) and barbell stem length (long ≥1.59 cm, or short <1.59 cm). Data analysis was based on binomial test and non‐parametric tests.Results: No subject with a tongue piercing <2 years (group 0‐2) exhibited lingual recession or tooth chipping. Lingual recession was found on mandibular central incisors in 50% of subjects wearing long barbells for 2 or more years. Tooth chipping was found on molars and premolars in 47% of subjects with a tongue piercing for 4+ years.Conclusions: Tongue piercing is associated with lingual recession of mandibular anterior teeth and chipping of posterior teeth. Long‐term use of a tongue barbell increases the prevalence of these complications. Barbell stem length appears to differentially affect prevalence of recession and chipping. Since the overwhelming majority of subjects with tongue piercings are young adults, cessation efforts are needed to target this population. J Periodontol 2002;73:289‐297.
Subgingival Microbiota of Brazilian Subjects With Untreated Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Colombo Ana Paula V. , Teles Ricardo P. , Torres Maria Cynésia , Souto Renata , Rosalém Wilson , Mendes Maria Cláudia S. , Uzeda Milton 
Published: February 2005

Background: Different periodontopathogenic microbiota have been associated with periodontal diseases in several populations. The present investigation determined the subgingival microbiota of untreated chronic periodontitis Brazilians using the checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization technique.Methods: Twenty‐five periodontitis patients (mean age, 41 ± 2; mean probing depth [PD], 3.3 ± 0.2; mean attachment level [AL], 3.6 ± 0.2) with no history of previous periodontal therapy and a control group of 14 healthy subjects (mean age, 34 ± 0.6; mean PD, 1.8 ± 0.2; mean AL, 1.7 ± 0.1) were selected. Measurements of PD, AL, bleeding on probing, plaque accumulation, and suppuration were recorded at 6 sites/tooth. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 4 sites in each tooth/subject in both groups. The presence and levels of 41 subgingival species were determined in 4,032 plaque samples using whole genomic DNA probes and the checkerboard method.Results: Periodontal pathogens, as well as some unusual species (E. faecalis, E. coli and Bartonella sp.), were detected significantly more often and/or in higher levels in the periodontitis group (P <0.05). Most species were more frequently detected in interproximal sites. B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, E. nodatum, and F. nucleatum ss vincentii showed a significant positive correlation with mean PD and AL (P <0.05).Conclusions: The subgingival microbiota of Brazilians with untreated chronic periodontitis were complex, including high proportions of periodontopathogens commonly found in other populations, as well as some unusual species. J Periodontol 2002;73:360‐369.