bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algal cover as a driver of diversity in communities associated with mussel assemblages across eastern Pacific ecoregions
Authors: Wilbur Lynn , Küpper Frithjof C. , Louca Vasilis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch on intertidal mussel assemblages and associated communities has revealed that complexity and structure are influenced by environmental heterogeneity and local‐scale factors affecting recruitment. Research in situ in eastern and western Pacific intertidal ecosystems has suggested drivers of species diversity and community structure encompassing large geographic scales, however, there are major gaps in geographic coverage. Our aim is to fill some of these gaps by analyzing macrofaunal functional group diversity and effects of environmental factors on intertidal mussel communities from three distinct marine ecoregions in the southern and northern hemispheres. We identified the effects of algal cover and environmental heterogeneity on species richness and evenness, and we modeled factors effecting mussel layer complexity from assemblages in three marine ecoregions. We analyzed macrofaunal species diversity within one of the austral ecoregions based on the width of the coastal shelf. Species richness was highest in samples from the northern hemisphere while evenness was highest in samples from the southern hemisphere. Similarity in functional group structure for all communities sampled was ≤55% (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity) and ≤35% (Chao–Jaccard dissimilarity). Wave exposure had a significant effect on shell length and complexity of mussel matrices on rocky bench platforms. The presence of algal cover had a strong effect on species richness in mussel matrices regardless of complexity, while algal canopies had no effect on species evenness. Overall, this study provides significant new insight on the community complexity of mussel beds in parts of the world which have been poorly studied in this regard.
The first U–Pb age for shocked zircon from the Mien impact structure, Sweden, and implications for metamictization‐induced zircon texture formed during impact events
Authors: Herrmann Maria , Kenny Gavin G. , Martell Josefin , Whitehouse Martin J. , Alwmark Carl 
Published: December 2023

AbstractShocked zircon from impactites from the Mien impact structure, Sweden, has been investigated with the aim to date the impact event and correlate the degree of U–Pb age resetting with shock‐related microtextures. In situ U–Pb spot isotope analyses of granular and microporous–granular zircon grains from the impact melt rocks give an age of 120.0 ± 1.0 Ma. This essentially confirms the previous best estimate age of 122.4 ± 2.3 Ma, while also increasing precision on the Mien impact age. U–Pb isotope mapping shows that radiation damage likely explains the similar U–Pb age reset associated with different shock‐related microtextures. Microporous and some of the granular and microporous–granular domains yield higher U concentrations along with younger 238U/206Pb dates. Lower U contents with older 238U/206Pb dates are predominately observed in pristine domains. Due to the U‐decay, the zircon lattice is damaged, a process through which Pb can be lost. This would result in younger 238U/206Pb dates, as observed for the high U domains. As the zircon crystal lattices were locally weakened, metamictization possibly facilitated the development of microporous and granular textures during the impact event. Analyses of unshocked Mien zircon confirm that radiation damage already existed before impact. Lead loss from granular domains occurred through recrystallization and from microporous domains through Pb leaching by hydrothermal fluids. In addition, our study demonstrates the utility of combined U–Pb isotope mapping and spot analysis in unraveling the link between U–Pb resetting and shock‐related microtextures, the formation of which was in this case likely promoted by pre‐existing radiation damage.
PDCD4 and MIR‐21 are promising biomarkers in the follow‐up of OED in liquid biopsies
Authors: Arslan Bozdag Leyla , Açik Leyla , Ersoy H. Erhan , Bayir Ömer , Korkmaz M. Hakan , Mollaoglu Nur , Gultekin S. Elif 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research aims to examine the impact of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and microRNA‐208a (miR‐208a) transcripts, and protein levels on oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) development in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsThe research investigation involved the collection of saliva, blood, and tissue samples from a total of 20 patients diagnosed with OSCC, 15 patients diagnosed with OED, and 15 healthy individuals. PDCD4, miR‐21, and miR‐208a expression was performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). PDCD4 protein levels were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in both saliva and blood samples. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Spearmen rank test were utilised.ResultsPDCD4 expression levels were considerably lower in patients with OSCC and OED (p < 0.05) in three biological samples. In contrast, miR‐21 expression was higher in OED and OSCC patients. Patients with low PDCD4 mRNA levels and strong miR‐21 expression had a significant connection (p < 0.05) with tumor size and depth.ConclusionsExamining PDCD4 and miR‐21 transcript levels may help detect the transition from OED to OSCC. This work suggests that PDCD4 and miR‐21 expression levels in liquid biopsies may be biomarkers for OED monitoring in the future.
Sleep bruxism and sleep respiratory disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Orradre‐Burusco Idoya , Fonseca Julio , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan , Serra‐Negra Júnia M. , Eguia Asier , Torre Aintzane , Anitua Eduardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveSleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive rhythmic and nonrhythmic activity. It can be a comorbid condition for other disorders, such as sleep breathing disorders (SBD). However, a clear causal link between these factors is yet to be established. Moreover, this relationship is even more unknown in children. Thus, this systematic review aimed to determine the relationship between SB and SBD in children and teenagers and consolidate the current knowledge about the possible association between both phenomena at the pediatric age.Materials and MethodsAdvanced searches were performed in five electronic databases with the last search updated on February 1, 2023. The methodological quality of the selected studies was analyzed using the quality assessment tool for experimental bruxism studies.ResultsTwenty‐nine of 6378 articles were selected for detailed analyses. Most articles found a comorbid relationship between SB and SBD, though no study analyzed a temporary relationship. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta‐analysis could not be performed.ConclusionDespite the limitations of this systematic review, it can be concluded that there is an association between SB and SBD in children. However, the level of evidence is low.
Effects of Cervical Paravertebral Extensors in Patients with Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Grouped According to mK‐Line
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Lin , Cao Jian , Mou Jian‐Hui , Sun Dong , Yan Dong , Liu Peng 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to quantify the morphology, composition, and asymmetry of the paravertebral extensor muscles (PSEMs) in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) who had different modified K‐line (mK‐line) and the minimum interval between the mK‐line and OPLL (INTmin) values and to investigate the relationship between PSEMs and symptoms and outcomes following laminoplasty. These original findings elucidated that the atrophy of PSEMs could predict decompression outcomes and provided a theoretical basis for paraspinal muscle rehabilitation.MethodsA total of 94 consecutive patients who underwent laminoplasty for OPLL between January 2020 and January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The relative cross‐sectional areas (rCSA), functional cross‐sectional areas (rFCSA), and FCSA/CSA ratio of the multifidus (MF), semispinalis cervicalis (SSCe), semispinalis capitis (SSCa), and splenius capitis (SpCa) were measured at the C3–C7 segments on cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study compared the differences between the mK‐line (+) group and the mK‐line (−) group, as well as between the INTmin <4 mm group and the INTmin ≥4 mm group, using the independent t‐test or Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables and the χ2‐test for categorical variables. The correlations between the PSEMs and symptoms were analyzed using either the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient.ResultsThe relative total CSA (rTCSA) of the PSEMs, especially the MF, was significantly smaller in the mK‐line (−) group. However, the FCSA/CSA of the right deep extensor muscle (DEM) was larger. The asymmetry of the MF TFCSA/TCSA showed a significant difference between the mK‐line groups. In the INTmin <4 mm group, the PSEMs rCSA and rFCSA were significantly smaller, while the bilateral MF TFCSA/TCSA and right SSCe TFCSA/TCSA were larger. The asymmetry of the superficial extensor muscle rCSA was significantly lower in the group with INTmin <4 mm. The postoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (mJOA) and mJOA recovery rate were positively correlated with the INTmin and DEM rCSA and negatively correlated with the asymmetry of MF FCSA/CSA.ConclusionsIn patients with mK‐line (−) or INTmin <4 mm, the PSEMs were smaller, and the DEM atrophy and composition changes were predominant. The MF asymmetry was higher in patients with mK‐lines (−), whereas the SEM atrophy and asymmetry were more prevalent in patients with INTmin <4 mm. The DEM was related to the preoperative and postoperative mJOA scores. DEM‐preserving surgery or DEM‐specific rehabilitation exercises can improve the recovery of patients with OPLL during the perioperative period. In addition, attention should be paid to the evaluation of the SEM, especially the SpCa at the C3 and C5 levels.
TaTHI2 interacts with Ca2+‐dependent protein kinase TaCPK5 to suppress virus infection by regulating ROS accumulation
Authors: Yang Jin , Chen Lu , Zhang Juan , Liu Peng , Chen Ming , Chen Zhihui , Zhong Kaili , Liu Jiaqian , Chen Jianping , Yang Jian 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThiamine (vitamin B1) biosynthesis involves key enzymes known as thiazole moieties (THI1/THI2), which have been shown to participate in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, the role of THI1/THI2 in plant immunity remains unclear. In this study, we cloned TaTHI2 from wheat and investigated its function in Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection. Overexpression of TaTHI2 (TaTHI2‐OE) inhibited CWMV infection, while TaTHI2 silencing enhanced viral infection in wheat. Interestingly, the membrane‐localized TaTHI2 protein was increased during CWMV infection. TaTHI2 also interacted with the Ca2+‐dependent protein kinase 5 (TaCPK5), which is localized in the plasma membrane, and promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by repressing TaCPK5‐mediated activity of the catalase protein TaCAT1. CWMV CP disrupted the interaction between TaTHI2 and TaCAT1, reducing ROS accumulation and facilitating viral infection. Additionally, transgenic plants overexpressing TaTHI2 showed increased seed number per ear and 1000‐kernel weight compared to control plants. Our findings reveal a novel function of TaTHI2 in plant immunity and suggest its potential as a valuable gene for balancing disease resistance and wheat yield. Furthermore, the disruption of the TaTHI2‐mediated plant immune pathway by CWMV CP provides further evidence for the evolutionary arms race between plants and viruses.
The effect of intercropping leguminous green manure on theanine accumulation in the tea plant: A metagenomic analysis
Authors: Duan Yu , Wang Ting , Zhang Peixi , Zhao Xinjie , Jiang Jie , Ma Yuanchun , Zhu Xujun , Fang Wanping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntercropping is a widely recognised technique that contributes to agricultural sustainability. While intercropping leguminous green manure offers advantages for soil health and tea plants growth, the impact on the accumulation of theanine and soil nitrogen cycle are largely unknown. The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively. Additionally, intercropping significantly increased soil amino acidnitrogen content, enhanced extracellular enzyme activities, particularly β‐glucosidase and N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase, as well as soil multifunctionality. Metagenomics analysis revealed that intercropping positively influenced the relative abundances of several potentially beneficial microorganisms, including Burkholderia, Mycolicibacterium and Paraburkholderia. Intercropping resulted in lower expression levels of nitrification genes, reducing soil mineral nitrogen loss and N2O emissions. The expression of nrfA/H significantly increased in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation. Structural equation model analysis demonstrated that the accumulation of theanine in tea leaves was directly influenced by the number of intercropping leguminous green manure species, soil ammonium nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen. In summary, the intercropping strategy, particularly intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation, could be a novel way for theanine accumulation.
Differential response of phenylpropanoid pathway as linked to hormonal change in two Brassica napus cultivars contrasting drought tolerance
Authors: Lee Bok‐Rye , Park Sang‐Hyun , Muchlas Muchamad , La Van Hien , Al Mamun Md , Bae Dong‐Won , Kim Tae‐Hwan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a significant agro‐economic crop with a wide range of uses. Drought is the most frequent unfavourable environmental stressor restraining its growth and development worldwide. This study was conducted to characterize the drought‐responsive phenylpropanoid pathway and its link to hormonal changes in two cultivars, drought‐resistant “Saturnin” and drought‐susceptible “Mosa.” Drought susceptibility in cv. Mosa was confirmed by its lower water use efficiency and higher lipid peroxidation levels with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In cv. Saturnin, higher salicylic acid (SA) levels and expression of dehydration‐responsive element binding 2 (DREB2) and non‐expressor of pathogenesis‐related gene 1 (NPR1) led to an upregulation of production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1) and phenylpropanoid pathway‐related gene (CHS, F5H and COMT1) expression, increasing hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoid compound concentrations. However, in cv. Mosa, higher increases in the activity of lignifying enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, coniferyl alcohol peroxidase, syringaldazine peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase) and expression of the lignin synthesis‐related gene cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CAD2) were found along with greater increases in abscisic acid (ABA) levels and upregulation of ABA‐responsive element binding 2 (AREB2) and basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor MYC2. These results indicate that drought‐induced SA‐mediated activation of the hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoid pathways contributes to drought resistance, whereas ABA‐mediated lignification contributes to drought susceptibility.
Joint associations of sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive impairment among rural elderly over 65 years old: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Chenchen , Qi Shengxiang , Qin Zhenzhen , Xu Hao , Hong Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the long preclinical phase of dementia, accelerated cognitive impairment is regarded as a cardinal marker. Thus, the identification of risk factors for cognitive impairment is of great significance for dementia prevention. This study aims to examine the joint associations of sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive impairment among rural elderly over 65 years old, and provide suggestions for improving the cognitive function in rural elderly over 65 years old.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in rural Nanjing by recruiting 1147 individuals aged above 65 years. Cognitive function was assessed using the brief community screening instrument for dementia. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models, and a significant difference was set at P < 0.05.ResultsCompared with participants with proper sleep duration and sufficient physical activity, participants with short sleep duration and insufficient physical activity (odds ratio (OR): 1.820; 95% CI: 1.265 ~ 2.618), long sleep duration and sufficient physical activity (OR: 2.428; 95% CI: 1.137 ~ 5.183) showed an increased likelihood of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsInappropriate sleep duration combined with insufficient physical activity was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of cognitive impairment in rural elderly over 65 years old.
Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin
Authors: Morote Lucía , Rubio‐Moraga Ángela , López Jiménez Alberto José , Aragonés Verónica , Diretto Gianfranco , Demurtas Olivia Costantina , Frusciante Sarah , Ahrazem Oussama , Daròs José‐Antonio , Gómez‐Gómez Lourdes 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYCrocins are glucosylated apocarotenoids present in flowers and fruits of a few plant species, including saffron, gardenia, and Buddleja. The biosynthesis of crocins in these plants has been unraveled, and the enzymes engineered for the production of crocins in heterologous systems. Mullein (Verbascum sp.) has been identified as a new source of crocins and picrocrocin. In this work, we have identified eight enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids in two Verbascum species, V. giganteum and V. sinuatum. Four of them were homologous to the previously identified BdCCD4.1 and BdCCD4.3 from Buddleja, involved in the biosynthesis of crocins. These enzymes were analyzed for apocarotenogenic activity in bacteria and Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a virus‐driven system. Metabolic analyses of bacterial extracts and N. benthamiana leaves showed the efficient activity of these enzymes to produce crocins using β‐carotene and zeaxanthin as substrates. Accumulations of 0.17% of crocins in N. benthamiana dry leaves were reached in only 2 weeks using a recombinant virus expressing VgCCD4.1, similar to the amounts previously produced using the canonical saffron CsCCD2L. The identification of these enzymes, which display a particularly broad substrate spectrum, opens new avenues for apocarotenoid biotechnological production.
Central-Station Heating in Detroit
Authors: Walker J. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses the general problem of the utilization of the heat ordinarily discharged to the condensing water in a central electric generating station. The impossibility of its complete utilization for the purpose of heating buildings and the difficulties in the way of even its partial utilization are pointed out, with particular reference to conditions existing in Detroit.
The development of the central heating system of The Detroit Edison Company is traced, showing how the use of exhaust steam for heating was abandoned in favor of live steam. The reasons why it is more commercially expedient under the existing local conditions to supply live steam to the heating system and to generate all electric current in the condensing stations are also fully brought out.
The latter part of the paper describes some interesting features of the central heating system in Detroit, such as the boiler plants, distributing system, underground pipe and tunnel construction, consumers’ installations and meters. Special mention is also made of distribution losses, condensation return lines, and the method of transmitting steam through feeders at high velocities and with large pressure drops.
The paper concludes with a discussion of the advantages of central heating service and of the obstacles to its wider use and points out the possibility of operating individual plants in combination with the central plant.
Crude-Oil Motors vs. Steam Engines in Marine Practice
Authors: Morton J. W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the various factors to be considered in choosing the form of motive power for war vessels and cargo ships; also a presentation of the advantages and disadvantages as compared to steam engines of high- and low-powered oil motors of both the constant-pressure and constant-volume type. The relative values of four-stroke cycle, two-stroke cycle, double-acting, and horizontal, oil motors are also compared and some details of their construction such as lubrication systems, piston cooling and scavenging pumps are analyzed.
Air Fans for Driving Electric Generators on Airplanes
Authors: Gray G. Francis , Reed John W. , Elderkin P. N. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper the authors briefly describe the method employed by the Radio Development Section of the War Department in testing air fans used for driving the electric generators usually installed on airplanes for radio communication. They also discuss at some length the various types of air fans and present numerous photographs and curves clearly illustrating the construction of the fans and their operating characteristics.
The difficulty of the problem lay in designing a fan which would turn at constant speed in the air streams of widely varying speed set up by the airplane in flight. The various types of fans tested were: Fixed-blade fans of special blade shape; fixed-blade fans with wind brakes centrifugally regulated; fixed-blade fans using a friction clutch or a friction brake centrifugally regulated, and pivoted-blade fans in which the pitch is centrifugally regulated.
A Perfected High-Pressure Rotary Compressor
Authors: Lord Chester B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Of the three types of rotary compressors, namely, the centrifugal blower, the gear-type and the eccentric rotor with telescopic blade, the last is the least efficient. Particulars are given by the author, however, of a new and improved construction of this type in which leakage, friction and packing troubles have been eliminated to such an extent that a volumetric efficiency of 92 per cent at seven compressions (100 lb. per sq. in.) is said to be commercially obtainable. It is also stated that this compressor will, without adjustment or alteration, handle gas or air, or a liquid, or a gas and a liquid at the same time, and that it is possible to obtain a pressure of 500 lb. in a single-stage machine and 1000 lb. in three stages with the three units on the same shaft.
The uses of the rotary compressor are enumerated in the paper and its special advantages are set forth, these being (1) small weight per unit of capacity, (2) small amount of floor space required, (3) small initial cost of installation, (4) employment of direct drive, (5) small amount of headroom required, (6) simplification of construction and small amount of adjustment or repair, and (7) auto-lubrication.
Wage Payment
Authors: De Leeuw A. L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper calls attention to the fact that the main terms in controversies between capital and labor are ill defined or not defined at all. The fact is emphasized that there is at present no equitable way of determining wages, and, as a result, that there is no possibility of collective bargaining. Wages at the present time are paid for time given, whereas they should be paid for work produced.
Employers alone cannot correct this condition, but employers and organized labor together, assisted by qualified engineers, might go far in correcting this unsatisfactory condition of wage payment.