bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling human affective postures: an information theoretic characterization of posture features
Authors: De Silva P. Ravindra , Bianchi‐Berthouze Nadia 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOne of the challenging issues in affective computing is to give a machine the ability to recognize the mood of a person. Efforts in that direction have mainly focused on facial and oral cues. Gestures have been recently considered as well, but with less success. Our aim is to fill this gap by identifying and measuring the saliency of posture features that play a role in affective expression. As a case study, we collected affective gestures from human subjects using a motion capture system. We first described these gestures with spatial features, as suggested in studies on dance. Through standard statistical techniques, we verified that there was a statistically significant correlation between the emotion intended by the acting subjects, and the emotion perceived by the observers. We used Discriminant Analysis to build affective posture predictive models and to measure the saliency of the proposed set of posture features in discriminating between 4 basic emotional states: angry, fear, happy, and sad. An information theoretic characterization of the models shows that the set of features discriminates well between emotions, and also that the models built over‐perform the human observers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A measure for mesh compression of time‐variant geometry
Authors: Mathur Prasun , Upadhyay Chhavi , Chaudhuri Parag , Kalra Prem 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a novel measure for compression of time‐variant geometry. Compression of time‐variant geometry has become increasingly relevant as transmission of high quality geometry streams is severely limited by network bandwidth. Some work has been done on such compression schemes, but none of them give a measure for prioritizing the loss of information from the geometry stream while doing a lossy compression. In this paper we introduce a cost function which assigns a cost to the removal of particular geometric primitives during compression, based upon their importance in preserving the complete animation. We demonstrate that the use of this measure visibly enhances the performance of existing compression schemes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expressive audio‐visual speech
Authors: Bevacqua Elisabetta , Pelachaud Catherine 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe aim at the realization of an Embodied Conversational Agent able to interact naturally and emotionally with user. In particular, the agent should behave expressively. Specifying for a given emotion, its corresponding facial expression will not produce the sensation of expressivity. To do so, one needs to specify parameters such as intensity, tension, movement property. Moreover, emotion affects also lip shapes during speech. Simply adding the facial expression of emotion to the lip shape does not produce lip readable movement. In this paper we present a model based on real data from a speaker on which was applied passive markers. The real data covers natural speech as well as emotional speech. We present an algorithm that determines the appropriate viseme and applies coarticulation and correlation rules to consider the vocalic and the consonantal contexts as well as muscular phenomena such as lip compression and lip stretching. Expressive qualifiers are then used to modulate the expressivity of lip movement. Our model of lip movement is applied on a 3D facial model compliant with MPEG‐4 standard. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of image size in the recognition of conversational facial expressions
Authors: Cunningham Douglas W. , Nusseck Manfred , Wallraven Christian , Bülthoff Heinrich H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFacial expressions can be used to direct the flow of a conversation as well as to improve the clarity of communication. The critical physical differences between expressions can, however, be small and subtle. Clear presentation of facial expressions in applied settings, then, would seem to require a large conversational agent. Given that visual displays are generally limited in size, the usage of a large conversational agent would reduce the amount of space available for the display of other information. Here, we examine the role of image size in the recognition of facial expressions. The results show that conversational facial expressions can be easily recognized at surprisingly small image sizes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An artificial life environment for autonomous virtual agents with multi‐sensorial and multi‐perceptive features
Authors: Conde Toni , Thalmann Daniel 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOur approach is based on the multi‐sensory integration of the standard theory of neuroscience, where signals of a single object coming from distinct sensory systems are combined. The acquisition steps of signals, filtering, selection and simplification intervening before proprioception, active and predictive perception are integrated into virtual sensors and a virtual environment. We will focus on two aspects: 1) the assignment problem: determining which sensory stimuli belong to the same virtual object and (2) the sensory recoding problem: recoding signals in a common format before combining them. We have developed three novel methodologies to map the information coming from the virtual sensors of vision, audition and touch as well as that of the virtual environment in the form of a ‘cognitive map’. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral programming of autonomous characters based on probabilistic automata and personality
Authors: Chittaro Luca , Serra Milena 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a system for realistic behavioral programming of virtual characters, based on personality and probabilistic automata. We describe personality by using the Five‐Factor Model and achieve autonomy through a goal‐oriented approach. Each character perceives the surrounding world, decides how to behave and acts on the environment according to its personality and to its goals. The chief idea explored by the proposed approach is that personality has a probabilistic influence on behavior selection instead of a deterministic one. Different behavior sequences available to achieve a goal are modeled using probabilistic automata and making probability dependent on character personality. This leads to non‐repetitive behaviors, whose evolution is not foreseeable. The paper first motivates the approach in the context of cybertherapy. Then, it summarizes related work and illustrates in detail the proposed approach. Finally, it presents obtained results and discusses the main limitations of the implemented system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Affection for cohabitant toy dolls
Authors: Matsumoto Naoko , Tokosumi Akifumi , Hirai Yoko 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn an unprecedented phenomenon characterizing a new kind of relationship between humans and artifacts, a craze within middle‐aged people for a toy doll is analyzed. In this paper, we deal with a talking toy doll. Specifically, 51 fan letters and 271 web site postings spontaneously sent to the toy company are analyzed in terms of their communicative functions and affective‐cognitive contents. The results indicate that (a) the doll is simultaneously seen as both an artifact and a cohabitant (b) the doll owners attribute positive feelings in terms of both mental and physical states to the doll, (c) the doll owners believe that the utterances of the doll facilitate interaction with family members and with friends, and that (d) affections are evoked through owner actions toward the artifact. Based on these results, we propose a cognitive model of cognitive activity with artifacts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward anthropometrics simulation of face rejuvenation and skin cosmetic
Authors: Bastanfard A. , Bastanfard O. , Takahashi H. , Nakajima M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFacial rejuvenation is the process of reversing the aging effects on the human face digitally. This paper generalizes a new approach for facial rejuvenation in adults image. Applications of facial rejuvenation are widespread. They include face recognition, education, entertainment, telecommunications, Psychology, criminal objects, Cosmetic arts and it can be used as an aid for medical cosmetics surgery and the reconstruction of the face. This paper proposes a novel facial rejuvenation modeling algorithm with two techniques. These techniques discuss the facial deformation based on the face anthropometrics theory and remove wrinkles based on what we called wrinkles inpainting. For example if we have been given a few different faces, we need to be able to compare the difference between the facial characteristics of the youth and the aged, then from there onwards, define a set of outlines which are going to be the basis of the simulation of Face Rejuvenation. The first is the geometric deformation details like skin texture, which differs between the aged and the youth. The second is anthropometrics data change. It was developed in the face anthropometrics measurement theory. Then together with warping technique we map the characteristics to any other particular persons' face in order to generate more expressive and convincing facial rejuvenation. The original contribution and advantage of this paper are that, the proposed methods are simple to implement, reliable, in which they required only one source image without needing to collect a lot of images and their computation are fast for interactive environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual investigation of pulmonary airways in volumetric computed tomography
Authors: Perchet Diane , Fetita Catalin I. , Vial Laurence , Prêteux Françoise , Caillibotte George , Sbiêrlea‐Apiou Gabriela , Thiriet Marc 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of non‐invasive investigation and functional assessment of pulmonary airways reconstructed from multi detector computed tomography clinical acquisitions. Such an analysis combines accurate 3D meshing of the inner bronchial wall surface and navigation and interactivity tools based on a robust central axis representation. A reliable endoluminal investigation of airways via virtual bronchoscopy is possible regardless of their anatomical/pathological specificity (small caliber bronchi, severe stenoses, …). Computational fluid dynamics simulations on real airway geometries allow to assess functional modifications induced by physiopathological changes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motion capture and visualization of the hip joint with dynamic MRI and optical systems
Authors: Yahia‐Cherif Lydia , Gilles Benjamin , Molet Tom , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a methodology for motion tracking and visualization of the hip joint by combining MR images and optical motion capture systems. MRI is typically used to capture the subject's anatomy while optical systems are used to capture and analyse the relative movement between adjacent bones of the joint. Reflective markers are attached to the subject's skin and their trajectories are tracked and processed. However, the skin surface deforms while in motion due to muscle contraction leading to significant errors in the estimation of trajectories. In order to reduce these errors, we use MR images to capture both the anatomy and the trajectories of the bone. Prior to the scanning, we attach skin markers to the subject in order to analyse the markers displacements relative to the bone. We reconstruct the anatomical models of the subject and we compute the markers trajectories from the images. Using these calculated trajectories, we select the best markers configuration based on the criteria of markers displacements. The optimized configuration is used for recording external movements with the optical motion capture system. The resulting animation is mapped onto the virtual body of the subject including internal bones and the joint motion is visualized. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video metamorphosis using dense flow fields
Authors: Yu Yizhou , Wu Qing 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWhen we perform video metamorphosis, it would be desirable to make smooth morphing transitions simultaneously along with the original motion in the image sequences. In this paper, we present a novel semi‐automatic video morphing technique that exhibits this behavior. Our technique effectively exploits temporal coherence and automatic image matching. One‐to‐one dense mappings between pairs of corresponding frames are obtained by applying a compositing procedure and a hierarchical image matching technique. These dense mappings can be initialized with sparse frame‐to‐frame feature correspondences obtained semi‐automatically by integrating a friendly user interface with a robust feature tracking algorithm. Experimental results show that our approach to video metamorphosis can produce superior results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated markerless extraction of walking people using deformable contour models
Authors: Wagg David K. , Nixon Mark S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe develop a new automated markerless motion capture system for the analysis of walking people. We employ global evidence gathering techniques guided by biomechanical analysis to robustly extract articulated motion. This forms a basis for new deformable contour models, using local image cues to capture shape and motion at a more detailed level. We extend the greedy snake formulation to include temporal constraints and occlusion modelling, increasing the capability of this technique when dealing with cluttered and self‐occluding extraction targets.This approach is evaluated on a large database of indoor and outdoor video data, demonstrating fast and autonomous motion capture for walking people. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human motion reconstruction from monocular images using genetic algorithms
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Li Ling 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper proposed an optimization approach for human motion recovery from the un‐calibrated monocular images containing unlimited human movements. A 3D skeleton human model based on anatomy knowledge is employed with encoded biomechanical constraints for the joints. Energy Function is defined to represent the deviations between projection features and extracted image features. Reconstruction procedure is developed to adjust joints and segments of the human body into their proper positions. Genetic Algorithms are adopted to find the optimal solution effectively in the high dimensional parameter space by simultaneously considering all the parameters of the human model. The experimental results are analysed by Deviation Penalty. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A moving planar mirror based approach for cultural reconstruction
Authors: Jang Kyung Ho , Lee Dong Hoon , Jung Soon Ki 
Published: June 2004

AbstractModelling from images is a cost‐effective means of obtaining virtual cultural heritage models. These models can be effectively constructed from classical Structure from Motion algorithm. However, it's too difficult to reconstruct whole scenes using SFM method since general oriental historic sites contain a very complex shapes and brilliant colours. To overcome this difficulty, the current paper proposes a new reconstruction method based on a moving planar mirror. We devise the mirror posture instead of scene itself as a cue for reconstructing the geometry. That implies that the geometric cues are inserted into the scene by compulsion. With this method, we can obtain the geometrical details regardless of the scene complexity. For this purpose, we first capture image sequences through the moving mirror containing the interested scene, and then calibrate the camera through the mirror's posture. Since the calibration results are still inaccurate due to the detection error, the camera pose is revised using frame‐correspondence of the corner points that are easily obtained using the initial camera posture. Finally, 3D information is computed from a set of calibrated image sequences. We validate our approach with a set of experiments on some cultural heritage objects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The virtual interaction panel: an easy control tool in augmented reality systems
Authors: Yuan M. L. , Ong S. K. , Nee Andrew Y. C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and develop an easy control tool called Virtual Interaction Panel (VirIP) for Augmented Reality (AR) systems, which can be used to control AR systems. This tool is composed of two parts: the design of the VirIPs and the tracking of an interaction pen using a Restricted Coulomb Energy (RCE) neural network. The VirIP is composed of some virtual buttons, which have meaningful information that can be activated by an interaction pen during the augmentation process. The interaction pen is a general pen‐like object with a certain color distribution. It is tracked using a RCE network in real‐time and used to trigger the VirIPs for AR systems. In our system, only one camera is used for capturing the real world. Therefore, 2D information is used to trigger the virtual buttons to control the AR systems. The proposed method is real‐time because the RCE‐based image segmentation for a small region is fast. It can be used to control AR systems quite easily without any annoying sensors attached to entangling cables. This proposed method has good potential in many AR applications in manufacturing, such as assembly without the need for object recognition, collaborative product design, system control, etc. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A viscous paint model for interactive applications
Authors: Baxter William , Liu Yuanxin , Lin Ming C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a viscous paint model for use in an interactive painting system based on the well‐known Stokes' equations for viscous flow. Our method is, to our knowledge, the first unconditionally stable numerical method that treats viscous fluid with a free surface boundary. We have also developed a real‐time implementation of the Kubelka‐Munk reflectance model for pigment mixing, compositing and rendering entirely on graphics hardware, using programmable fragment shading capabilities. We have integrated our paint model with a prototype painting system, which demonstrates the model's effectiveness in rendering viscous paint and capturing a thick,impasto‐like style of painting. Several users have tested our prototype system and were able to start creating original art work in an intuitive manner not possible with the existing techniques in commercial systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphing based on strain field interpolation
Authors: Yan Han‐Bing , Hu Shi‐Min , Martin Ralph 
Published: June 2004

AbstractStrain fields provide a method of deformation measurement based on physics. Using these as a tool, we can analyze deformation of objects in a measurable way. We have developed a new morphing technique based on strain field interpolation. Shape shaking and squeezing, which often happen when using linear interpolation for morphing, do not arise in our approach. We have also developed a new method to create isomorphic meshes from corresponding objects in two images. Meshes generated by this method have much fewer triangles than other methods, which greatly decreases calculation loads in the morphing process. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape and texture preserved non‐photorealistic rendering
Authors: Wang Haitao , Zhang Jian J. , Li Stan Z. , Wang Yangsheng 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTwo approaches, image‐space and object‐space, exist for non‐photorealistic rendering (NPR). The object‐space approach has an advantage that it is able to access the 3D shape information of the scene with a 3D model. In this paper, we present a non‐stroke based image‐space technique that has the strength similar to that of the object‐space approach, but without involving explicit 3D models. The basic idea is to factorise the Lambertian model to obtain the shape and texture information implicitly contained in the image. We also develop a specific anisotropic low‐pass image filter, which can smooth an image without blurring important features. With the developed techniques, we present two NPR styles, the sketching style and the painting style. Although our work does not aim to mimic any specific existing art form, the sketching style can generate effects similar to those of the pen‐and‐ink and the painting style is able to produce the colour permeating effects of watercolour. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining light animation with obscurances for glossy environments
Authors: Méndez‐Feliu Àlex , Sbert Mateu 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObscurances is a powerful technique that approximates indirect global illumination in a much faster way than classic methods as radiosity or path tracing. In this method, the local environment of a point or a patch is sampled to estimate the amount of occlusion that surrounds it. Fine effects as color reflection can be added and visually pleasant rendering of corners and soft shadows are easily computed. Combined with ray tracing techniques, non‐diffuse and specular effects can be added to the surfaces, obtaining thus beautiful and realistic rendered images. Since direct and indirect illumination are decoupled, obscurances are very useful to render animation frames for moving light sources, as they have to be computed only for the first frame and then reused. Ambient light intensity can also be decoupled from obscurances and estimated for every frame, resulting in beautiful color‐changing effects. Light animation help in light design and to convey shape and features of the objects in the scene. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral 2,2′‐Binaphthyldiimine—Nickel(II) Complexes as Lewis Acid Catalysts for Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Suga Hiroyuki , Kakehi Akikazu , Mitsuda Masashi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of a New Chiral Nonracemic C2‐Symmetric 2,2′‐Bipyridyl Ligand and Its Application in Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclopropanation Reactions.
Authors: Lyle Michael P. A. , Wilson Peter D. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of anti‐1,3‐Mercapto Alcohols from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones via Tandem Michael Addition—MPV Reduction.
Authors: Ozeki Minoru , Nishide Kiyoharu , Teraoka Fumiteru , Node Manabu 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclopenta[b]thiophene‐alkyloxazolines: New Nitrogen—Sulfur Hybrid Ligands and Their Use in Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Bonini Bianca‐Flavia , Giordano Laurent , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Comes‐Franchini Mauro , Bernardi Luca , Capito Elena , Ricci Alfredo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
How Does Lipase Flexibility Affect Its Enantioselectivity in Organic Solvents? A Possible Role of CH×××π Association in Stabilization of Enzyme—Substrate Complex.
Authors: Watanabe Keiichi , Uno Tetsuya , Koshiba Takashi , Okamoto Takashi , Ebara Yasuhito , Ueji Shin‐ichi 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative [3 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition Reaction: Catalytic Formation of Bicyclic Cyclohexenones from Trienes and Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Lee Sang Ick , Park Ji Hoon , Chung Young Keun , Lee Sueg‐Geun 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Acid‐Catalyzed Condensation of Ninhydrin with Enols and Aromatic Compounds and Microwave Enhanced Condensation of Ninhydrin with Hydroxy Aromatic Systems in Solid State.
Authors: Kundu Sandip Kumar , Patra Amarendra , Pramanik Animesh 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.