bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
40 years of research into children’s irony
comprehension
Authors: Fuchs Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Children’s ability to understand irony is believed to be
acquired late compared to other pragmatic skills. To explore this assertion,
this article presents a review of four decades of research, to determine the age
at which children actually do become capable of understanding ironic utterances,
and what the crucial influencing factors are. As this systematic examination of
the state of research shows, children do indeed seem to gain an understanding of
irony later than other forms of non-literal language. In seeking an explanation
for this finding, this article discusses the methodological orientation of
previous research. It might be that the predominant use of offline methods,
especially metalinguistic judgment tasks, paints a somewhat distorted picture of
children’s irony comprehension. The article therefore argues for the use of
eye-tracking, and a re-examination of the thesis of late acquisition of irony
comprehension in children in the near future.
Monolingual and bilingual children’s performance learning words from ostensive teaching
Authors: Lorge Isabelle , Katsos Napoleon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Children who grow up exposed to more than one language face a range of challenges and developmental environments which differ from those of monolinguals. Recently, studies have suggested that this may lead to differences in the development of pragmatic skills and sensitivity to socio-pragmatic cues. We investigate whether bilingually exposed children are able to make further use of these cues in an ostensive teaching setting for word learning in a sample of 110 children aged 4 to 6 years old and find evidence that bilingual children do perform significantly better in ostensive teaching settings when asked to use pragmatic cues to derive the meaning of a novel word. We discuss implications for theories of pragmatics and bilingual development.
Zero-sum or Win-win Game?
Authors: Cai Dongman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Metaphors can express ideological and evaluative positions. However, comparative studies on the framing implications of sports/game metaphors in Western and Chinese contexts remain underexplored. This study examines how journalists in China, the UK, and the US use sports/game metaphors to frame trade disputes in comparable English-language economic news based on a context-sensitive and hierarchical analytical framework. Results reveal the prevalence of sports/game metaphors in both Chinese and Western texts. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the UK and US texts exhibit socio-cultural preferences for associating specific
sports/game
scenarios that are salient in Western cultures, e.g., rugby, with trade disputes, and favor a competition narrative. However, the Chinese texts favor a coopetition narrative, suggesting both competition and win-win cooperation. This study adds new insights into cultural variations in the use and framing implications of sports/game metaphors in Western and Chinese economic discourse to express ideological standpoints towards similar economic issues.
The Chinese Oliver Twist
Authors: Liang Lisi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article sheds light upon subtitling as the audiovisual translation (AVT) mode applied to three subtitled
versions of Oliver Twist. The comparison takes place within the subtitling context of two officially sanctioned
versions (i.e., the musical and the film) and the non-professional and transcreated versions released on social media platforms.
Research has been carried out within audiovisual translation studies with the scope of verifying issues relating to the
translation of characters’ names (appellation), religious terminology, and songs, which are subject to changes and innovative
transformations when transcreated. There is an increasingly high demand for viewer-generated participation in the translation of
audiovisual productions as opposed to traditional passive viewing experiences (Di Giovanni and
Gambier 2018, vii–viii). The significant rise of user-oriented modes of translation released on popular video-sharing
platforms has not been systematically researched. Attention is primarily paid to the Chinese subtitles produced for Oliver
Twist’s most recent film adaption directed by Polanski (2005). These
subtitles reinterpret and redirect the product’s cultural and temporal specificities and complexities to reinforce Chinese
cultural heritage (Liang 2020, 26). A particular role is played by transcreation in
subtitling as a translation method that is able to embrace the richness of Oliver Twist in its various adapted
forms: theatre, cinema, and social media platforms. Drawing upon the concept of abusive subtitling coined by Abé Mark Nornes (1999), the paper investigates the definition of transcreation within subtitling
procedures and scrutinises technological advances and multimodal creativity within the context of Oliver Twist.
In this sense, transcreation as a fan-driven practice in subtitling has the scope of giving visibility to artistic works in a more
creative way, as well as of presenting them tinted with individualised characteristics which cater to the various demands for a
variety of audiences.
Authorial (audio) description
Authors: Rizzo Alessandra , Spinzi Cinzia Giacinta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The unprecedented growth of audiovisual translation practices in the creative industries has boosted the role of
creativity which has taken centre stage and become the emblem of global cultural policies. The study addresses the role of
creativity in the digital space of Netflix as a means of cross-cultural mediation and communication, and as a multidimensional
tool in audio description (AD), in order to provide the end-users (the blind and visually impaired audiences) of digital audiovisual
products with participatory and engaging forms of access to the audiovisual ‘planet’. The aim is to investigate whether and how
creativity is used to transmit culture-specific references (CSRs) from a translation perspective within a highly discussed TV
series streamed on Netflix. To do so, the rendering of the most significant CSRs in the Korean Netflix series Squid
Game (SG) as transferred into the English and Italian ADs will be examined.
111 A Suspended Molasses Block Improves Post-Mixing Welfare of Gestating Sows
Authors: Marchant Jeremy N , Rikard-Bell Charles , Jongman Ellen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most swine production systems in the US do not include access to environmental enrichment: an improvement in the biological functioning of captive animals resulting from modifications to their environment. Optimal enrichments such as straw, hay and silage are not acceptable due to manure system and biosecurity concerns. There remains a need to develop enrichment for pigs that is biologically relevant, safe for existing systems, biosecure, sustainable and cost effective. The aim of this study was to compare the behavior and welfare of sows over 2 weeks post-mixing when given access to a suspended molasses block (B - Barastoc Swine Block) or a metal chain (C). Three replicates of 36 LW × Yorkshire sows, balanced by parity, were mixed at d 42 post service in groups of 4, 6 or 8, with one of each group size per treatment. Groups were formed with equal numbers of sows from 2 large group pens, i.e., a group of 4 was formed using 2 sows from one pen, mixed with 2 sows from a second pen, and so on. Sow behavior and animal-based welfare measures were recorded 3 days before mixing, and d 1, 6 and 13 post-mixing. Welfare measures included tear stains, lesion scores, bursitis, shoulder sores, respiratory and cleanliness scores. Behavior included passive and active human-approach tests, where the human stood for 3 min against one wall of the pen to allow sows to approach, noting number to approach and touch the human and the latency to touch. Then at the end of the test, the human actively approached each sow in turn and touched the head of the sow, noting the response of the sow on a numerical scale. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA with treatment and group size as factors. There were no treatment differences in bursitis, shoulder sores and respiratory scores, and no differences in time to approach and touch the human. However, B sows had smaller tear stains (d 6 and d 13, P &lt; 0.001), decreased body lesion scores (d 1 and d 6, P &lt; 0.05), and better body cleanliness scores (d 1, P &lt; 0.05). Human approach test measures showed habituation over time, but B sows responded less to a human approaching and touching their head than C sows (d 6, P &lt; 0.05). Groups of 6 had lowest tear stain scores (d 1, d 6 and d 13, P &lt; 0.05) and were cleanest (d 13, P &lt; 0.05). There was also a Group size*treatment interaction with groups of 6 having the lowest lesion scores in the C treatment, but the highest in the B treatment (d 1, d 6, and d 13, P &lt; 0.05). The skin lesions scores indicate that aggression was lower in the pens with the blocks. Overall, the blocks improved sow welfare over the immediate 2-week post-mixing period, though group size may impact this.
114 Effect of Timing of Dam Gestational Stress on Immune and Stress Responsiveness of the Progeny
Authors: Reddout Cassidy C , Salak-Johnson Janeen L , Hernandez Lily P , Main Alexis R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gestational stress may alter both the intrauterine environment and factors of passive immunity, which may affect the development of the immune system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of the progeny. Therefore, the objective was to determine if gestational stress and the stage of gestation at which stress occurred (mid vs. late) differentially affected the immune and stress variables of the offspring. First, parity gilts received either hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) or a placebo for 21 days at mid (d 51 to 72) or late (d 81 to 102) gestation to create a chronic psychological stress model. After farrowing, four piglets were tagged from each mid (M-HCA; n = 12), late (L-HCA; n = 12), and control (CON; n = 12) dam and followed through a 21-day lactation and 28-day nursery phase. Samples were obtained at birth, 7-, 14- and 21-days post birth (PB), and 24 hours, 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-days post-weaning (PW). A subset of piglets, balanced for dam treatment, body weight, and sex, were subjected to an ACTH challenge on day 21 PW consisting of an injection of ACTH (n = 12) or saline (n = 12). Data were analyzed utilizing the MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measures. A treatment*day effect occurred for neutrophil (P &lt; 0.0001) and lymphocyte (P &lt; 0.0001) percentages and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N:L; P &lt; 0.0001). At birth, M-HCA piglets exhibited significantly less neutrophil and greater lymphocyte percentages than L-HCA or CON piglets. By day 14 PB, L-HCA piglets exhibited decreased neutrophil percentages. They tended to have greater lymphocyte percentages than M-HCA or CON piglets. On day 14PB, L-HCA piglets had the greatest N:L. Other immune measures like IgG and IgA plasma concentrations were also affected (P &lt; 0.0001 for both; treatment*day); M-HCA piglets had less IgG on 7 PB than their counterparts and tended to have decreased IgA concentrations at birth and 21 PB in than CON piglets. Stress responsiveness of the progeny may have been affected by dam stress during gestation. For example, when challenged with ACTH, a significant treatment*injection*time effect was found (P = 0.0004). The ACTH-injected M-HCA piglets exhibited significantly greater plasma cortisol 1-h post-injection than ACTH-injected L-HCA or CON piglets and saline-injected M-HCA piglets. Notably, L-HCA was the only group not found to have a significant difference between ACTH and saline cortisol at 1 h. At 4-h post-injection, ACTH M-HCA piglets exhibited significantly less cortisol concentrations than their saline counterparts, while ACTH L-HCA piglets were still significantly greater at 24-h post-injection than their saline counterparts. Overall, these data suggest that stress during mid-gestation may have more of an effect on immune measures. In contrast, stress during late gestation may cause a diminished or delayed stress response in the progeny. Research is ongoing to characterize these immune and stress phenotypes further.
123 Benchmarking of Artificial Neural Network Models for Genomic Prediction of Quantitative Traits in Pigs
Authors: Wang Junjian , Maltecca Christian , Tiezzi Francesco , Huang Yijian , Jiang Jicai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Artificial neural networks (ANN) are a type of machine learning model that has been applied to various genomic problems, with the ability to learn non-linear relationships and model high-dimensional data. ANNs also have the potential in genomic prediction by capturing the intricate relationship between genetic variants and phenotypes. However, there is currently a limited effort to investigate the performance and feasibility of ANNs for pig genomic predictions. In this study, we evaluated the predictive performance of TensorFlow’s ANN models with one-layer, two-layer, and three-layer structures (with zero, one, and two hidden layers, respectively), in comparison with five linear methods, including GBLUP, LDAK, BayesR, SLEMM and scikit-learn’s ridge regression using data of six quantitative traits including off-test body weight (WT), off-test back fat thickness (BF), off-test loin muscle depth (MS), number of piglets born alive (NBA), number of piglets born dead (NBD), and number of piglets weaned (NW). Furthermore, we assessed the computational efficiency of ANNs on both CPU and GPU. The benchmarking was based on cross-validations of 26,190 genotyped pigs. We employed hyperband tuning to optimize the hyper-parameters and select the best model among one-layer, two-layer, and three-layer structures. Results showed that the one-layer structure, which is equivalent to ridge regression, yielded the best performance comparable to that of GBLUP. Using the optimal hyper-parameters for two-layer and three-layer structures, ANNs underperformed GBLUP in terms of accuracy. Of the five linear methods, BayesR and SLEMM performed similarly and the best, followed by LDAK, scikit-learn’s ridge regression, and GBLUP. Moreover, SLEMM was the fastest, which completed training with 21k individuals and 30k SNPs in 2.6 minutes. Compared with CPUs, GPUs exhibited a comparable computational speed for one-layer ANN but offered significant gains in computational efficiency for multi-layer ANNs. Based on our analysis of optimal hyper-parameters for two-layer ANN with BF, we found that using a GPU can lead to a five-fold increase in processing speed compared with using a conventional CPU, but it is still slower than GBLUP. In addition, hyper-parameter tuning (particularly for L2 regularization and the number of dense units in hidden layers) is critical for improving the genomic prediction accuracy in pigs. In conclusion, we found ANN with up to three layers could not improve genomic predictions compared with routine linear methods for pig quantitative traits.
130 Genetic Analysis of Count-Based Horn Fly Abundance Phenotypes in Beef Cattle
Authors: Warner Amanda M , Hinkle Nancy , Heins Bradley , Pringle Dean , Aggrey Samuel E , Rekaya Romdhane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Horn flies are a major irritant to livestock. In cattle, horn flies can cause increased heart and respiratory rates, decreased feed efficiency, decreased weaning weights, and reduced milk production, resulting in substantial economic losses. In the United States, horn flies are estimated to cause more than $1 billion in economic losses on pastured cattle, annually. Reliance on management and insecticides has proven inadequate. Additionally, intensive use of insecticides has led to increased resistance in horn fly populations. Thus, there is an increasing need for a long-term solution to the horn fly problem in cattle. Assessing horn fly abundance related phenotypes under commercial conditions is costly and logistically complex. Consequently, the genetic basis of these traits remains largely unknown due to the lack of sufficient phenotypic data. Although several studies reported clear differences in fly abundance within and across breeds, only a few heritability estimates are available based on small-scale studies. This study was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2022 (two data collections per year) on two University of Georgia associated farms, Northwest Georgia Research and Education center and Eatonton Beef Research Unit. A total of 1,047 cows and heifers were assessed by trained evaluators and several digital images were taken for each animal. Each animal was scored at least twice with some cows scored both years for a total of 4 times during the study period. During each scoring period, the best image for each animal was used to assess fly abundance using direct and sampling-based counting approaches. After edits, the data consisted of 2,197 records collected on 936 cows and heifers. The pedigree consisted of 1,226 animals. A mixed linear model that included year, farm-pen, month, and age (in years) as fixed effects and the random additive and permanent effects was used to jointly analyze three fly abundance related phenotypes. Estimates of heritability of horn fly abundance was between 0.15 and 0.21 for subjective and image-based phenotypes. Genetic correlation was high (0.83) between the image-based phenotypes and moderate between the image-based phenotypes and the subjective assessment (0.61 to 0.65). Repeatability ranged between 0.28 and 0.35 across the three traits. The lower heritability for the subjective assessment points towards added variability due to variation between evaluators. Although the results of this study support the potential to improve horn fly resistance using genetic tools, alternative phenotypes to assess fly abundance are needed. Non-count-based phenotypes could provide an attractive alternative for selecting against horn fly abundance.
131 How Horn Flies Could Be Affecting Your Beef herd's Reproductive Success
Authors: Warner Amanda M , Hinkle Nancy , Heins Bradley , Pringle Dean , Aggrey Samuel E , Rekaya Romdhane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Horn flies (HF) are one of the most prevalent external parasites on pastured cattle in North America, although they can be found worldwide. HF cause animals severe stress leading to increased cardiac and respiratory rates, and decreased feed efficiency, average daily gain, and milk production. All these detrimental effects caused by HF contribute to over $1 dollars in economic loss in the United States, annually. Current methods of reducing fly numbers, including manure management, feed additives, and insecticides, are being utilized with varying degrees of success. However, these methods require extensive management, are temporary, and are costly to producers. While several studies have investigated the effects of horn flies on growth and milk production traits, there have been very few studies on their potential impacts on reproduction in beef cattle. Insemination and calving data collected on cows and yearling heifers at Northwest Georgia Research and Education Center between 2015 to 2022 was used to determine the effect of HF abundance on fertility. Each animal was exposed to two insemination events. Artificial Insemination (AI) was used except for cows that did not get pregnant from the first AI which were placed on pasture with a proven bull for natural service. The outcomes (success/failure) of each insemination event and calving were recorded. Still births where the dam carried the calf to term, but the calf passed during parturition were recorded as successes. As part of a research project, no fly control methods were carried out on the farms during 2019 and 2022. During these years, images of each animal were taken twice between May and August. The best image of each animal was used to estimate HF count. Animals were placed in three abundance classes (Low: 0-150, Med: 151-400, High: 401+) to analyze the effects of fly abundance on reproduction. For the remaining years (2015-2018, 2020-2021) animals received fly control and were not assessed for fly abundance. As shown Table 1, conception rates of each breeding attempt and calving rates were lower in both years where no horn fly control was used (2019 and 2022) compared with the remaining years where fly control was utilized. The decrease in conception rates when no fly control was used suggests a detrimental effect of HF on reproductive success. Additionally, for the animals measured in 2022, the average fly count for the dams who did not calf successfully was 357 which is significantly higher than the average count for the dams who did successfully calf (290). This suggests that animals with greater fly loads are less likely to carry to term. These adverse effects on reproductive health could be mitigated by genetically selecting for animals that can tolerate a greater fly load.
127 Genetic Correlations Between Systolic and Diastolic Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Beef Cattle
Authors: Baty Sydney K , Mark Enns R , Holt Timothy N , Speidel Scott E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a historical issue in high elevation beef production and is increasingly occurring in moderate elevation beef finishing systems (i.e., feedlots). Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) is the mean pressure (mmHg) measure in the pulmonary artery and is an indicator of pulmonary hypertension. To measure PAP, a certified veterinarian threads a catheter through the jugular vein to the heart and into the pulmonary artery. A total of 3 measures are recorded, including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP), and diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure. Systolic pressure is the pressure in the pulmonary artery during the contraction of the heart, whereas diastolic pressure is the pressure in the pulmonary artery during relaxation of the heart. For cattle living in high elevations, the Beef Improvement Federation Guidelines outline the risk of an individual by accounting for the elevation of the test and range of elevations at which that animal is expected to survive based on mPAP. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic correlations between systolic and diastolic PAP. The data consisted of 1,352 animals with a mPAP, sPAP, and dPAP measured from 2011 to 2015. The systolic pulmonary arterial pressure has a mean of 65.4 ± 15.95 mmHg. The diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure has a mean of 18.2 ± 11.22 mmHg. Data were analyzed using a multiple trait, mixed effect animal model using the statistical software package ASReml 3.0. Fixed effects in the model included sex, birth year, wean date, and yearling date. Individual animal was included as the random effect. The respective heritabilities from the model were mPAP at 0.13 ± 0.05, sPAP at 0.9 ± 0.05 and dPAP at 0.09 ± 0.05. The phenotypic correlation between systolic and diastolic PAP was 0.18 ± 0.03, and the genetic correlation was 0.46 ± 0.32. The phenotypic correlation between sPAP and mPAP was 0.49 ± 0.02, and the genetic correlation was 0.69 ± 0.21. The phenotypic correlation between dPAP and mPAP was 0.83 ± 0.01, and the genetic correlation was 0.93 ± 0.07. Previous research with sPAP and dPAP has been conducted in humans, investigating methods to predict the likelihood of a person of developing pulmonary hypertension. These results provide a foundation to focus on how sPAP and dPAP impact the mPAP and current selection tools for a PAP measure and if the additional information could be useful for selection.