bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual capital efficiency, institutional ownership and cash holdings: a cross-country study
Authors: Dalwai Tamanna , Mohammadi Syeeda Shafiya , Satrovic Elma 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the roles of intellectual capital efficiency and institutional ownership on cash holdings and their speed of adjustment.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 432 firm-year observations of tourism-listed companies, three measures of cash holdings are used as dependent variables and intellectual capital efficiency and institutional ownership as independent variables. The financial data is collected from the S&P Capital IQ database for the period 2015–2020. Two system-generalized methods of moment estimation are used for the robustness checks of the results.

Findings
The study provides evidence that an increase in intellectual capital efficiency in tourism firms results in lower cash holdings. The research findings also report that characteristics such as firm size, age and market-to-book value ratio are associated with cash holdings. Furthermore, institutional ownership in these firms did not affect the cash holdings. The results also confirm the existence of a target cash holding level to which the tourism firms attempt to converge. These results are robust to the alternative proxy of cash holding and endogeneity tests.

Research limitations/implications
The study uses intellectual capital efficiency measured by the model proposed by Pulic. Alternative measures of intellectual capital can be included in future studies. Future research can also investigate the impact on cash holdings before and during the pandemic for tourism companies. The study is limited to the impact of institutional ownership; thus, research can be extended to consider other types of ownership.

Practical implications
The findings of this study indicate that tourism companies should take into account the impact of intellectual capital efficiency on their cash holding decisions. The industry uses a specific financial management strategy in light of better efficiency and possibly values the opportunity cost of holding more cash. Additionally, regulators should re-examine the role of institutional ownership in tourism firms, as it was found to have no impact on cash holdings. The regulators may need to consider other factors, such as firm size and age, when developing policies and regulations to ensure that tourism firms have adequate cash holdings.

Originality/value
This study adds to the body of knowledge on the factors that influence cash management and ideal cash levels for the tourism industry. The examination of the effect of intellectual capital on cash holdings is a novel contribution, filling a gap in the existing literature. The findings on the speed of adjustment towards optimal cash holdings also provide support for the trade-off theory.
A simplified three-diode model for photovoltaic module: cell modeling and performance analysis
Authors: Saripalli Bhanu Prakash , Singh Gagan , Singh Sonika 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Estimation of solar cell parameters, mathematical modeling and the actual performance analysis of photovoltaic (PV) cells at various ecological conditions are very important in the design and analysis of maximum power point trackers and power converters. This study aims to propose the analysis and modeling of a simplified three-diode model based on the manufacturer’s performance data.

Design/methodology/approach
A novel technique is presented to evaluate the PV cell constraints and simplify the existing equation using analytical and iterative methods. To examine the current equation, this study focuses on three crucial operational points: open circuit, short circuit and maximum operating points. The number of parameters needed to estimate these built-in models is decreased from nine to five by an effective iteration method, considerably reducing computational requirements.

Findings
The proposed model, in contrast to the previous complex nine-parameter three-diode model, simplifies the modeling and analysis process by requiring only five parameters. To ensure the reliability and accuracy of this proposed model, its results were carefully compared with datasheet values under standard test conditions (STC). This model was implemented using MATLAB/Simulink and validated using a polycrystalline solar cell under STC conditions.

Originality/value
The proposed three-diode model clearly outperforms the earlier existing two-diode model in terms of accuracy and performance, especially in lower irradiance settings, according to the results and comparison analysis.
Excitation of the abdominal ganglion affects the electrophysiological activity of indirect flight muscles of the honeybee Apis mellifera
Authors: Ding Haojia , Yan Shaoze 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOur understanding of the nervous tissues that affect the wing flapping of insects mainly focuses on the brain, but wing flapping is a rhythmic movement related to the central pattern generator in the ventral nerve cord. To verify whether the neural activity of the abdominal ganglion of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) affects the flapping‐wing flight, we profiled the response characteristics of indirect flight muscles to abdominal ganglion excitation. Strikingly, a change in the neural activity of ganglion 3 or ganglion 4 has a stronger effect on the electrophysiological activity of indirect flight muscles than that of ganglion 5. The electrophysiological activity of vertical indirect flight muscles is affected more by the change in neural activity of the abdominal ganglion than that of lateral indirect flight muscles. Moreover, the change in neural activity of the abdominal ganglion mainly causes the change in the muscular activity of indirect wing muscles, but the activity patterns change relatively little and there is little change in the complicated details. This work improves our understanding of the neuroregulatory mechanisms associated with the flapping‐wing flight of honeybees.
Advancing governance indicator systems: Lessons learned from the 2022 symposium
Authors: Anheier Helmut K. , List Regina A. , Knudsen Edward L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) is a new and innovative entry into the crowded domain of quantitative governance research. In its effort to contribute to the field, the BGI builds off of and acts in dialogue with several other governance indicator projects from across the globe. As part of a collaborative outlook, the BGI convened the first of three symposia at the UCLA Luskin School in October 2022, titled ‘Advancing Governance Indicator Systems: The 2022 Conference’. The event invited representatives from other indicator projects to share their thoughts on the BGI, present their own projects and discuss avenues for further research and development of ‘planetary’ indicators. This article discusses the highlights and key contributions from the conference.
The head circumference to chest circumference ratio provided an easy way to detect foetal growth restriction in term infants
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Murano Yayoi , Ashikawa Suga , Yoneoka Daisuke , Shoji Hiromichi , Nakazawa Tomoyuki , Sakamaki Ken , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThe head circumference to chest circumference (HC/CC) ratio has been used to identify low birth weight infants in developed countries. This study was conducted to examine whether the ratio could distinguish asymmetrical foetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted with 1955 infants (50.5% male) born at term between 2016 and 2020 at Tokyo Metropolitan Toshima Hospital, Japan.ResultsWe found that 120 (6.1%) had FGR. Their mean birth weight was 3052.1 ± 367.3 g, and their mean gestational age was 39.1 ± 1.1 weeks. Logistic regression analysis showed that the association between the HC/CC ratio and FGR had a regression coefficient of −20.6 (p < 0.000). The linear regression analysis showed that the association between the HC/CC ratio and the birth weight z‐score had a regression coefficient of −8.59 (p < 0.000). The coefficient of correlation was −0.33 (p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting FGR showed that the area under the curve was 0.75 and the cut‐off value was 0.93, with sensitivity of 75.8% and specificity of 60.8%.ConclusionOur study established the associations between HC/CC ratio and FGR and birth weight z‐scores and confirmed that the ratio provided an easy way to detect FGR in term‐born infants.
Zinc penetration through the skin barrier in atopic dermatitis and rosacea using reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Ahn Hye‐Jin , Shin Min Kyung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent eczematous disorder with a complex pathophysiology caused by skin barrier abnormalities. Rosacea is a common chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory disorder that results in diminished skin barrier function. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non‐invasive method for visualizing the dynamic status of epidermal and upper dermal structures. In this study, we compared skin barrier permeability among normal, AD and rosacea groups. To assess skin barrier permeability, zinc was applied to lesional skin and the RCM reflectance intensity of zinc penetration was measured. Reflectance confocal microscopy revealed that the intensity in patients with rosacea and AD was higher than that in the normal group at depths of 8–24 μm in both the face and forearm, which were considered as the stratum corneum (SC) and tight junction (TJ) level (p < 0.0001). When comparing AD and rosacea, the intensity of rosacea was higher than that of AD at a depth of 8 μm in the face (p < 0.0001). The intensity of AD was higher than that of rosacea at a depth of 24 μm (p = 0.009). This suggests that skin barrier permeability is increased in the upper epidermis of patients with AD and rosacea. On the face, patients with rosacea had more SC weakness than did those with AD, whereas patients with AD had more TJ weakness than those with rosacea.
Nature‐based solutions are critical for putting Brazil on track towards net‐zero emissions by 2050
Authors: Soterroni Aline C. , Império Mariana , Scarabello Marluce C. , Seddon Nathalie , Obersteiner Michael , Rochedo Pedro R. R. , Schaeffer Roberto , Andrade Pedro R. , Ramos Fernando M. , Azevedo Tasso R. , Ometto Jean P. H. B. , Havlík Petr , Alencar Ane A. C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost of the world's nations (around 130) have committed to reaching net‐zero carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, yet robust policies rarely underpin these ambitions. To investigate whether existing and expected national policies will allow Brazil to meet its net‐zero GHG emissions pledge by 2050, we applied a detailed regional integrated assessment modelling approach. This included quantifying the role of nature‐based solutions, such as the protection and restoration of ecosystems, and engineered solutions, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Our results highlight ecosystem protection as the most critical cost‐effective climate mitigation measure for Brazil, whereas relying heavily on costly and not‐mature‐yet engineered solutions will jeopardise Brazil's chances of achieving its net‐zero pledge by mid‐century. We show that the full implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (FC), a key policy for emission reduction in Brazil, would be enough for the country to achieve its short‐term climate targets up to 2030. However, it would reduce the gap to net‐zero GHG emissions by 38% by 2050. The FC, combined with zero legal deforestation and additional large‐scale ecosystem restoration, would reduce this gap by 62% by mid‐century, keeping Brazil on a clear path towards net‐zero GHG emissions by around 2040. While some level of deployment of negative emissions technologies will be needed for Brazil to achieve and sustain its net‐zero pledge, we show that the more mitigation measures from the land‐use sector, the less costly engineered solutions from the energy sector will be required. Our analysis underlines the urgent need for Brazil to go beyond existing policies to help fight climate emergency, to align its short‐ and long‐term climate targets, and to build climate resilience while curbing biodiversity loss.
Anthropogenic disturbance exacerbates resilience loss in the Amazon rainforests
Authors: Wang Huan , Ciais Philippe , Sitch Stephen , Green Julia K. , Tao Shengli , Fu Zheng , Albergel Clément , Bastos Ana , Wang Mengjia , Fawcett Dominic , Frappart Frédéric , Li Xiaojun , Liu Xiangzhuo , Li Shuangcheng , Wigneron Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUncovering the mechanisms that lead to Amazon forest resilience variations is crucial to predict the impact of future climatic and anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we apply a previously used empirical resilience metrics, lag‐1 month temporal autocorrelation (TAC), to vegetation optical depth data in C‐band (a good proxy of the whole canopy water content) in order to explore how forest resilience variations are impacted by human disturbances and environmental drivers in the Brazilian Amazon. We found that human disturbances significantly increase the risk of critical transitions, and that the median TAC value is ~2.4 times higher in human‐disturbed forests than that in intact forests, suggesting a much lower resilience in disturbed forests. Additionally, human‐disturbed forests are less resilient to land surface heat stress and atmospheric water stress than intact forests. Among human‐disturbed forests, forests with a more closed and thicker canopy structure, which is linked to a higher forest cover and a lower disturbance fraction, are comparably more resilient. These results further emphasize the urgent need to limit deforestation and degradation through policy intervention to maintain the resilience of the Amazon rainforests.
Optimizing delirium care in the era of Age‐Friendly Health System
Authors: Kwak Min Ji , Inouye Sharon K. , Fick Donna M. , Bonner Alice , Fulmer Terry , Carter Emily , Tabbush Victor , Maya Kerri , Reed Nicholas , Waszynski Christine , Oh Esther S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDelirium is a significant geriatric condition associated with adverse clinical and economic outcomes. The cause of delirium is usually multifactorial, and person‐centered multicomponent approaches for proper delirium management are required. In 2017, the John A. Hartford Foundation and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) launched a national initiative, Age‐Friendly Health System (AFHS), promoting the use of a framework called 4Ms (what matters, medication, mentation, and mobility). The 4Ms framework's primary goal is to provide comprehensive and practical person‐centered care for older adults and it aligns with the core concepts of optimal delirium management. In this special article, we demonstrate how a traditional delirium prevention and management model can be assessed from the perspective of AFHS. An example is the crosswalk with the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) Core Interventions and the 4MS, which demonstrates alignment in delirium management. We also introduce useful tools to create an AFHS environment in delirium management. Although much has been written about delirium management, there is a need to identify the critical steps in advancing the overall delirium care in the context of the AFHS. In this article, we suggest future directions, including the need for more prospective and comprehensive research to assess the impact of AFHS on delirium care, the need for more innovative and sustainable education platforms, fundamental changes in the healthcare payment system for proper adoption of AFHS in any healthcare setting, and application of AFHS in the community for continuity of care for older adults with delirium.
Food Compass Score predicts incident cardiovascular disease: The ATTICA cohort study (2002–2022)
Authors: Damigou Evangelia , Detopoulou Paraskevi , Antonopoulou Smaragdi , Chrysohoou Christina , Barkas Fotios , Vlachopoulou Elpiniki , Vafia Christina , Tsioufis Costas , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Sfikakis Petros P. , Pitsavos Christos , Panagiotakos Demosthenes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Food Compass Score (FCS) is a novel nutrient profiling system, which evaluates food and diet quality. The present study aimed to prospectively assess the relationship of FCS with short‐term (10 years) and long‐term (20 years) cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and to explore whether this relationship is modified by long‐term adherence to a Mediterranean type diet (MTD).MethodsVolunteers of the ATTICA cohort study, with complete data for the calculation of FCS and incident CVD were included (n = 759). Development of CVD was determined at 10 and 20 years after baseline. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. The FCS was calculated for each participant based on the published algorithm. Long‐term adherence to a MTD was evaluated through MedDietScore.ResultsFCS was inversely associated with CVD incidence (hazard ratio [HR] for 20‐year follow‐up = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95–0.99; HR for 10‐year follow‐up = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96–1.01) in the total sample, as well as in those with a high baseline adherence to a MTD (HR for 20‐year follow‐up = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99; HR for 10‐year follow‐up = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95–1.02). FCS was also inversely associated with CVD risk in those who went away from the MTD (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99).ConclusionsFCS, a novel tool for assessing overall diet quality, was also found to be useful in identifying potential CVD candidates in a long‐term period, even in populations with good background dietary habits, such as those following a MTD.
The effect of contact/collision sport participation without concussion on neurometabolites: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies
Authors: Delang Nathan , Irwin Christopher , Peek Aimie L. , McGregor Iain S. , Desbrow Ben , McCartney Danielle 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to systematically review prior research investigating the effects of contact/collision sport participation on neurometabolite levels in the absence of concussion. Four online databases were searched to identify studies that measured neurometabolite levels in contact/collision sport athletes (without concussion) using proton (1H) or phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). All study designs were acceptable for inclusion. Meta‐analytic procedures were used to quantify the effect of contact/collision sport participation on neurometabolite levels and explore the impact of specific moderating factors (where sufficient data were available). Narrative synthesis was used to describe outcomes that could not be meta‐analysed. Nine observational studies involving 300 contact/collision sport athletes were identified. Six studies (providing 112 effect estimates) employed longitudinal (cohort) designs and three (that could not be meta‐analysed) employed case–control designs. N‐acetylaspartate (NAA; g = −0.331, p = 0.013) and total creatine (tCr; creatine + phosphocreatine; g = −0.524, p = 0.029), but not glutamate–glutamine (Glx), myo‐inositol (mI) or total choline (tCho; choline‐containing compounds; p's > 0.05), decreased between the pre‐season and mid−/post‐season period. Several moderators were statistically significant, including: sex (Glx: 6 female/23 male, g = −0.549, p = 0.013), sport played (Glx: 22 American football/4 association football [soccer], g = 0.724, p = 0.031), brain region (mI: 2 corpus callosum/9 motor cortex, g = −0.804, p = 0.015), and the MRS quantification approach (mI: 18 absolute/3 tCr‐referenced, g = 0.619, p = 0.003; and tCho: 18 absolute/3 tCr‐referenced, g = 0.554, p = 0.005). In case–control studies, contact/collision sport athletes had higher levels of mI, but not NAA or tCr compared to non‐contact sport athletes and non‐athlete controls. Overall, this review suggests that contact/collision sport participation has the potential to alter neurometabolites measured via 1H MRS in the absence of concussion. However, further research employing more rigorous and consistent methodologies (e.g. interventional studies with consistent 1H MRS pulse sequences and quantifications) is required to confirm and better understand the clinical relevance of observed effects.
Clinical and instrumental features in 82 patients with insufficient sleep syndrome
Authors: De Pieri Marco , Bueltemann Linda , Tedone Francesco , Riccardi Silvia , Castelnovo Anna , Miano Silvia , Manconi Mauro 
Published: November 2023

SummaryInsufficient sleep syndrome possibly represents the worldwide leading cause of daytime sleepiness, but remains poorly recognised and studied. The aim of this case series is to comprehensively describe a cohort of patients with insufficient sleep syndrome. Eighty‐two patients were studied concerning demographic and socio‐economic features, medical, psychiatric and sleep comorbidities, substance use, sleep symptoms, actigraphy, video‐polysomnography, multiple sleep latency tests and treatment. The typical patient with insufficient sleep syndrome is a middle‐aged adult (with no difference of gender), employed, who has a family, often carrying psychiatric and neurological comorbidities, in particular headache, anxiety and depression. Other sleep disorders, especially mild sleep apnea and bruxism, were common as well. Actigraphy was a valuable tool in the characterisation of insufficient sleep syndrome, showing a sleep restriction during weekdays, associated with a recovery rebound of night sleep during weekends and a high amount of daytime sleep. An over‐ or underestimation of sleeping was common, concerning both the duration of night sleep and daytime napping. The average daily sleep considering both daytime and night‐time, weekdays and weekends corresponds to the recommended minimal normal duration, meaning that the burden of insufficient sleep syndrome could mainly depend on sleep fragmentation and low quality. Sleep efficiency was elevated both in actigraphy and video‐polysomnography. Multiple sleep latency tests evidenced a tendency toward sleep‐onset rapid eye movement periods. Our study offers a comprehensive characterisation of patients with insufficient sleep syndrome, and clarifies their sleeping pattern, opening avenues for management and treatment of the disorder. Current options seem not adapted, and in our opinion a cognitive‐behavioural psychotherapy protocol should be developed.
Telosma mosaic virus: An emerging plant RNA virus causing production loss in passion fruit across Asia
Authors: Zhang Chaoyue , Jiang Junmei , Chen Songshu , Wang Fen , Xie Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTelosma mosaic virus (TeMV) is a highly infectious and rapidly spreading virus that infects a variety of natural hosts, with passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) being its primary host across parts of Asia. Symptoms of TeMV, which seriously threatens passion fruit production worldwide, include mosaic, deformities and lignification of fruit. We present here a review of the current state of knowledge of TeMV, including its structural characteristics, natural and experimental host range, symptoms and detection, and provide insights into control strategies. The mode of transmission of TeMV remains unclear, but it can be mechanically transmitted through grafting, cuttings and other artificial asexual propagation techniques, which unfortunately constitute the primary means of propagation in the passion fruit industry. Moreover, increasing detection rates of TeMV indicate that this virus probably causes more serious losses to the passion fruit industry than previously reported. No systematic control strategy for TeMV infection currently exists, and no TeMV‐resistant passion fruit varieties are currently available. As a speedy, short‐term solution for dealing with TeMV infection in the absence of a long‐term solution, we propose rapid plant propagation through virus‐free plant tissue culture techniques that can generate a substantial number of virus‐free passion fruit seedlings.