bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and timing of complication presentation following primary hypospadias repair in adolescents
Authors: Ye Zi‐Han , Wang Chong , Zhang Zhi‐Cheng , Chen Hong‐Song , Wang Xiao , Liu Xing , Wei Guang‐Hui 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the risk factors for postoperative complications in adolescents who undergo primary hypospadias repair and determine the time required for complication detection.MethodsOur study included patients classified as Tanner stages three to five who underwent primary hypospadias repairs at our hospital from January 2015 to August 2022. The patients' baseline information, clinical characteristics, postoperative complications, and time to complication detection were collected. Cox regression analysis, ROC curves, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used.ResultsThe study comprised 143 patients, with a median age of 12.58 years. Postoperative complications were experienced by 66 patients. The length of the urethral defect was identified as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. The ROC curve analysis identified 3 cm as the optimal cutoff value for the length of the urethral defect. The median time to complication detection was 30.5 days (IQR 23 to 209.25). 89.4% of the complications were identified within the first year. Patients with a urethral defect of <3 cm experienced a significantly longer time for the detection of urethral fistula compared to those with a urethral defect of ≥3 cm (p = 0.047).ConclusionsOur data indicate that adolescents with a urethral defect ≥3 cm have a higher risk of postoperative complications. Although most complications were identified within the first year, conducting long‐term follow‐ups for adolescents is recommended to identify potential subsequent complications that may arise from persistent urethral alterations.
Strategic subdelegation
Authors: Feinstein Brian D. , Nou Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAppointed leaders of administrative agencies routinely record subdelegations of governmental authority to civil servants. That appointees willingly cede authority in this way presents a puzzle, at least at first glance: Why do these appointees assign their power to civil servants insulated by merit protection laws, that is, to employees over whom they have limited control? This article develops and tests a theory to explain this behavior. Using original data on appointee‐to‐civil servant delegations and a measure of the ideological distance between these two groups of actors, we show that appointees are more willing to vest power in civil servants when the two groups are more closely aligned. They are particularly likely to do so in the last months of a presidential administration, prior to a transition to a new set of appointees from a different party. Essentially, appointees strategically devolve authority to ideologically similar civil servants to entrench their views in the face of oppositional future presidential administrations. Further, judicial doctrine and interest‐group politics can make existing subdelegations difficult to reverse. This stickiness adds to the strategic value of subdelegations as a means of projecting preferences into future administrations. These findings raise important implications for administrative law and governance. One conventional wisdom on intra‐agency dynamics considers appointees and civil servants as rivals. Relatedly, studies of personnel practices focus on strategies to empower appointees and sideline civil servants. This article, by contrast, shows how appointees and civil servants can act as strategic partners under certain conditions. At a time when leading political figures propose fundamental changes to the civil service, our findings call for a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics between political appointees and civil servants.
Incorporating co‐design principles and social media strategies to enhance cross‐sectional online survey participation: The Birth Experience Study
Authors: Keedle Hazel , Dahlen Hannah G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo use co‐design principles to design a nationwide maternity experiences survey and to distribute the survey through social media.DesignA co‐designed, cross sectional, and national online survey.MethodsUsing co‐design principles from study design and throughout the research process a cross‐sectional, online, national survey of Australian women's experiences of maternity care was designed. Four validated survey instruments were included in the survey design.ResultsAn extensive social media strategy was utilized, which included paid advertising, resulting in 8804 surveys for analysis and 54,896 comments responding to open text questions.DiscussionThe inclusion of co‐design principles contributed to a well‐designed survey and consumer involvement in distribution and support of the online survey. The social media distribution strategy contributed to high participation rates with overall low marketing costs.Clinical RelevanceMaternity services should be designed to provide woman‐centered, individualized care. This survey was co‐designed with maternity users and maternity organizations to explore women's recent experiences of maternity care in Australia. The outcomes of this study will highlight the factors that contribute to positive and negative experiences in maternity services.Patient or Public ContributionAs a co‐designed study, there was consumer engagement from the design of the study, throughout the research process.
High incidence of immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases in sepsis survivors: A nationwide exposed‐nonexposed epidemiological study
Authors: Mageau Arthur , Helary Aloïs , Ruckly Stephane , Strukov Andrey , Papo Thomas , Timsit Jean‐François , Sacre Karim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveSepsis is characterized by an excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine dysregulation is pivotal to the pathophysiology of immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We aimed to analyze the incidence of IMIDs in patients who survived sepsis.MethodsWe performed a matched‐cohort study using the National Medico‐Administrative Hospital database in order to analyze the association between sepsis and incident IMIDs in 2020 in France. Sepsis was defined by the combination of at least one infection diagnosis code and one organ failure code. Patients with a first sepsis diagnosed in 2020 were randomly matched with patients admitted during the same period for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with an exact matching procedure using age, gender, and comorbidities as matching variables. The main outcome was an IMID diagnosis in a 9‐month follow‐up period starting the first day of hospitalization for sepsis or AMI.ResultsIn France, the incidence rate of IMIDs after a sepsis in 2020—analyzed in 62,257 patients—was of 7956 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7392–8520) per 100,000 patient‐years. As compared to the AMI population, we observed an increased risk for IMIDs of 2.80 (hazard ratio [HR]; 95% CI [2.22–3.54]) starting from day 16 after admission in the sepsis population. The risk of IMIDs onset in sepsis survivors depended on the type of IMIDs and was higher for immune thrombocytopenia (5.51 [1.97–15.4]), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (HR 4.83 [1.45–16.1]), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (4.66 [2.05–10.6]). Association between sepsis and IMIDs onset appeared well balanced across pathogen categories.ConclusionOur study shows a high incidence of IMIDs among sepsis survivors.
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a higher risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy and poorer survival
Authors: Gairing Simon Johannes , Mangini Chiara , Zarantonello Lisa , Gioia Stefania , Nielsen Elise Jonasson , Danneberg Sven , Lok Anna S. , Sultanik Philippe , Galle Peter Robert , Labenz Joachim , Thabut Dominique , Marquardt Jens Uwe , Bloom Patricia P. , Lauridsen Mette Munk , Montagnese Sara , Nardelli Silvia , Labenz Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a frequent complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Its impact on predicting the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and survival has not been studied in large multicenter studies.MethodsData from patients recruited at eight centers across Europe and the United States were analyzed. MHE was detected using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES). A subset was also tested with the simplified animal naming test (S‐ANT1). Patients were followed for OHE development and death/liver transplantation (LTx).ResultsA total of 1462 patients with a median model of end‐stage liver disease of 11 were included (Child‐Pugh (CP) stages: A 47%/B 41%/C 12%). Median follow‐up time was 19 months, during which 336 (23%) patients developed an OHE episode and 464 (32%) reached the composite end point of death/LTx (369 deaths, 95 LTx). In multivariable analyses, MHE (defined by PHES) was associated with the development of OHE (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.74, p < 0.001) and poorer LTx‐free survival (hazard ratio 1.53, p < 0.001) in the total cohort as well as in the subgroup of patients without a history of OHE. In subgroup analyses, MHE (defined by PHES) was associated with OHE development in patients with CP B, whereas there was no association in patients with CP A or C. In the subgroup of patients with available S‐ANT1, MHE (defined by S‐ANT1) was independently associated with OHE development. Combined testing (PHES+S‐ANT1) was superior to single testing for predicting OHE and poorer LTx‐free survival.ConclusionsThis large multicenter study demonstrates that screening for MHE is a useful tool for predicting OHE and poorer survival.
Gephyrocapsa huxleyi (Emiliania huxleyi) as a model system for coccolithophore biology
Authors: Wheeler Glen L. , Sturm Daniela , Langer Gerald 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCoccolithophores are the most abundant calcifying organisms in modern oceans and are important primary producers in many marine ecosystems. Their ability to generate a cellular covering of calcium carbonate plates (coccoliths) plays a major role in marine biogeochemistry and the global carbon cycle. Coccolithophores also play an important role in sulfur cycling through the production of the climate‐active gas dimethyl sulfide. The primary model organism for coccolithophore research is Emiliania huxleyi, now named Gephyrocapsa huxleyi. G. huxleyi has a cosmopolitan distribution, occupying coastal and oceanic environments across the globe, and is the most abundant coccolithophore in modern oceans. Research in G. huxleyi has identified many aspects of coccolithophore biology, from cell biology to ecological interactions. In this perspective, we summarize the key advances made using G. huxleyi and examine the emerging tools for research in this model organism. We discuss the key steps that need to be taken by the research community to advance G. huxleyi as a model organism and the suitability of other species as models for specific aspects of coccolithophore biology.
Invasive fungal infection incidence and risk factors in patients receiving ibrutinib in real‐life settings: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Allouchery Marion , Brunet Kévin , Tomowiak Cécile , Singier Allison , Pambrun Elodie , Pariente Antoine , Bezin Julien , Pérault‐Pochat Marie‐Christine , Salvo Francesco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundData on the risk of invasive fungal infections (IFI) with ibrutinib treatment are scarce.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine IFI incidence and risk factors in ibrutinib‐treated patients in real‐life settings.MethodsWe constituted a cohort of ibrutinib incident users in the French National Healthcare Database. All patients ≥18 years with a first dispensing of ibrutinib between 21 November 2014 and 31 December 2019 were included. Patients were followed from the cohort entry date until IFI, ibrutinib discontinuation, death, or 31 December 2020, whichever came first. The cumulative incidence function method was used to estimate the probability of IFI accounting for competing risk of death. A multivariate cause‐specific Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess independent IFI risk factors.ResultsAmong 6937 ibrutinib‐treated patients, 1‐year IFI cumulative incidence was 1.3%, with invasive aspergillosis being the most frequent. Allogenic or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (hazard ratio [HR] 3.59, 95% confidence interval [1.74; 7.41]), previous anticancer treatment (HR 2.12, CI 95% [1.34; 3.35]) and chronic respiratory disease (HR 1.66, [1.03; 2.67]) were associated with higher risk of IFI. Besides neutropenia and corticosteroids, use of anti‐CD20 agents was significantly more frequent in patients having experienced IFI (HR 3.68, [1.82; 7.45]).ConclusionsIn addition to patients with ASCT history, severe neutropenia or treated with corticosteroids, our findings support active surveillance of IFIs in those with chronic respiratory disease, previously treated, or treated with anti‐CD20 agents in combination with ibrutinib. Further studies are needed to optimise IFI prophylaxis in these patient subgroups.
The social life of digital methods in psychology: Situating digital methods in the new data politics
Authors: Yen Jeffery 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper I present some preliminary analyses of what is at stake in the growing use of digital methods in psychology. Their exponential rise in the discipline has scientific consequences, because such methods embody unarticulated assumptions that derive from their cultural, technical, or commercial origins. Such methods also rearticulate researcher‐participant relations in new ways, and reframe what it means to take part in psychological research. Additionally, strong calls for psychologists to exploit the potentials of Big Data to analyze and influence human action in real time signal the growing entanglement of psychology, computer science, and the accumulative tactics of the digital economy. As part of a larger project to trace the social life of digital methods in psychology, my aim here is to link disparate literature in psychology, science and technology studies, and critical data studies, to situate such methods in the broader context of technologically afforded shifts in modes of economic and knowledge production. I argue that digital methods are in urgent need of analysis, not only in terms of the interpretive frames, modes of participation, and courses of action they afford, but as research media that circulate in a larger digital and political economic ecosystem, and with associations that span multiple sociotechnical assemblages.
Infectious complications among CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy recipients: A single‐center experience
Authors: Walker Bryan , Zimmer Andrea J. , Stohs Erica J. , Lunning Matthew , Lyden Elizabeth , Abbas Anum 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has emerged as an effective treatment in those with refractory or relapsed lymphoma. CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy can cause direct and indirect toxic adverse effects and increased risk for infection. Infectious complications and optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis strategies are an ongoing area of investigation.MethodsA single‐center retrospective cohort study was conducted to review recipients of CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy between April 2018 and December 2020. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were extracted from the electronic health records.ResultsInfectious complications were identified in 18/50 (36%) recipients with 31 episodes of infection. The median time to infection was 225 days (range 0–614). Bacterial infections were most common with bloodstream infection followed by sinusitis and skin and soft tissue infection. Eight viral infections were identified, most being respiratory viral illnesses. Two fungal infections were identified: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and disseminated fusariosis. Seventeen infections (54.8%) were classified as severe: leading to death, requiring hospitalization, need for empiric intravenous antibiotics, or significant alteration in hospital course. No characteristics were found to be statistically significant risks for infection, although a trend toward significance was seen in prior autologous stem cell transplant recipients (p = .12) and those with recurrent neutropenia (p = .14). Three patients (6%) died from infection.ConclusionInfections were common after CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy and occurred beyond the first year. Further multicenter studies are needed to define infectious risks and optimize antimicrobial prophylaxis recommendations in recipients of CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy.
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Kuwait household water demand in 2050: Spatial microsimulation and impact appraisal
Authors: Alazmi Hamad J. , Mitchell Gordon , Trigg Mark A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHousehold water demand has increased dramatically in Kuwait over the last few decades, due to rapid population growth and changing lifestyles. Avoiding a water deficit through a supply‐side approach has been the default strategy in Kuwait, yet this approach is unsustainable, associated with declining groundwater levels, and reliance on desalination that results in major carbon emission and environmental impact and that takes a large and growing share of oil revenues. In this study, we forecast household water demand in Kuwait to 2050 under a Business‐As‐Usual (BAU) scenario and evaluate the economic and environmental impacts. A spatial microsimulation, constrained by the national population projection of the Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research (KISR), was developed to overcome data limitations in forecasting household demand. Results show a 45% increase in water demand by 2050, to 664.1 million cubic metres (MCM), relative to the 2019 base year. Annual production costs increase from 1.39 billion USD in 2019 to 1.99 billion USD by 2050, whilst carbon emissions increase from 10.85 to 15.54 million tonnes/year. These results should alert policymakers to the potential impacts of the growing water demand and provide further support for water conservation action to reduce demand.
A Parametrically Excited Mode-Localized Acceleration Threshold Sensor Using Supercritical Hopf Bifurcation
Authors: Tang Yinghai , Zhao Jian , Kacem Najib , Dong Zeyuan , Zheng Xianze 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A parametrically excited mode-localized acceleration threshold sensor was designed by using the Supercritical Hopf (SCH) bifurcation with high robustness to the fluctuation of driving voltage and damping while maintaining high sensitivity. The multi-physical dynamic model is established considering both the mechanical and electrical nonlinearities. At the SCH bifurcation point, small acceleration will change the topological structure from SCH bifurcation to Saddle-Node (SN) bifurcation, and the corresponding sensitivity (amplitude ratio) can reach 10000%/g in a dynamic range of ±0.001g. Additionally, the transmission process of the amplitude ratio is similar to the Sign function, which can be used as a threshold switch.
A Task-Decomposed AI-Aided Approach for Generative Conceptual Design
Authors: Wang Boheng , Zuo Haoyu , Cai Zebin , Yin Yuan , Childs Peter , Sun Lingyun , Chen Liuqing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Generative algorithm-based conceptual design has been innovatively applied as an emerging digital design paradigm for early-stage design ideation. With powerful large language models (LLMs), designers can enter an initial prompt as a design requirement to generate using machine reasoning capability descriptive natural language content. The machine-generated output can be used as stimuli to inspire designers during design ideation. However, the lack of transparency and insufficient controllability of LLMs can limit their effectiveness when assisting humans on a generative conceptual design task. This generation process lacks theoretical guidance and a comprehensive understanding of design requirements, which may potentially lead to generated concepts that are mismatched or lack creativity. Inspired by the Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) model, this paper proposes a task-decomposed AI-aided approach for generative conceptual design. We decompose a conceptual design task into three sub-tasks including functional reasoning, behavioral reasoning, and structural reasoning. Prompt templates and specification signifiers are specified for different steps to guide the LLMs to generate reasonable results, controllably. The output of each step becomes the input of the next, aiding in aggregating gains per step and embedding the selection preferences of human designers at each stage. A conceptual design experiment is conducted, and the results show that the conceptual design ideation with our method are more reasonable and creative in comparison to a baseline.
Bow Snap-Through Necessary Condition in Electrostatically Actuated Initially Curved and Latched Micro-Beams
Authors: Medina Lior 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A curved bistable micro-beam, subjected to electrostatic loading from an electrode facing its concave side, may produce a snap-through response with almost half the voltage when compared to actuation emanating from an electrode facing the convex side of the beam. Such actuation has been dubbed “bow actuation” due to the similarity of preloading an arrow onto a bow, and the resulting shift in equilibrium. Under a certain elevation-to-thickness ratio, a bistable beam will also become latchable, possessing a zero point load (i.e., latching point), which allows the beam to maintain itself in its second stable state under zero load/voltage. In the current work, a necessary condition is found, describing the geometry and initial conditions required for static bow snap-through response. The condition allows one to design and produce a bow snap-through that will enable the beam to converge to its latching point, thus promoting efficient non-volatile, and low-power consumption bistable-based devices. The condition is found using an undamped dynamic single degree-of-freedom (DOF) reduced-order (RO) model, attained via Galerkin’s decomposition. Subsequent numerical calculations, conducted in the presence of ambient damping, show that the condition is necessary to attain bow snap-through, while also disclosing the behaviour of the model.