bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Round-up of non-traditional EU trade mark decisions 2023
Authors: Humphreys Gordon , Malovic Nedim , Martin Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In 2023, a total of 148 586 trade marks were registered by the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO). Only 443 of these were ‘non-traditional trade marks’, by this inter alia meaning sounds, colours, patterns, shapes and holograms. Data suggest that the present trend towards obtaining EU trade mark (EUTM) registration for non-traditional trade marks remains low, with merely 0.29 per cent of all applications received by the EUIPO in 2023 concerning such signs. The limited number of cases decided during this period relates to the distinctiveness of such trade marks. This article provides an analysis of six decisions of the General Court and the EUIPO Boards of Appeal, within the field of non-traditional EUTM’s issued in the course of 2023.
The text and data mining opt-out in Article 4(3) CDSMD: Adequate veto right for rightholders or a suffocating blanket for European artificial intelligence innovations?
Authors: Ziaja Gina Maria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
By introducing Article 4 in Directive 2019/790 (CDSMD), the European Union legislator intended to both encourage innovation and to provide more legal certainty for text and data mining (TDM) activities. That said, it appears that this provision does not strike a fair balance between the interests of rightholders and Artificial Intelligence (AI) developers. This article argues that Article 4(3) CDSMD does not necessarily strengthen the rightholders’ position whilst potentially hindering the advancement of AI developments in the European Union. It is unclear how the reservation of rights shall be realized in practice. By imposing transparency obligations on AI system providers, the upcoming Artificial Intelligence Act may however allow rightholders to make more effective use of the opt-out mechanism.
Species richness in Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): species delimitation and expanded geographic sampling reveal high Neotropical diversity
Authors: Carrión Bonilla Carlos Alberto , Ron Santiago , Cook Joseph A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With up to 137 species worldwide, Myotis,— a genus of small, insectivorous bats are an example for understanding biogeographic and evolutionary processes such as intercontinental colonization, diversification, speciation, and convergent adaptive evolution. Species limits and associated distributions, however, remain poorly delineated across significant portions of this diverse group and encompassing a vast geographic range. Here, we explore how diversity is partitioned across this radiation with a focus on Neotropical species of Myotis, using a barcoding approach (706 bp of the mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome-b) that includes 544 individual sequences (116 newly generated sequences and 428 sequences from GenBank, including outgroups). Single-locus molecular barcoding is useful for identifying cryptic diversity and establishing hypotheses that can guide investigations of species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships, an especially important initial step in assessing poorly characterized, diverse clades. The global phylogeny produced from these data is consistent with the hypothesized monophyly of the New World clade and places the evolutionary relationships of Neotropical species of Myotis within the context of the Palearctic and Nearctic clades. We then explore species boundaries for 25 of the 36 nominal species of Neotropical Myotis, using 3 alternative species delimitation approaches (1 distance-based ABGD [Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery]; and 2 coalescent-based mPTP [multi-rate Poisson Tree Processes], GMYC [Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent] model). The mPTP (n = 29 species) and ABGD (n = 26) approaches inferred different numbers of species than that recognized by current Neotropical Myotis taxonomy, whereas GMYC (n = 25) inferred the same number of species. In addition to the original 36 Neotropical nominal species currently recognized, we suggest that taxonomic revisions are needed to assess whether M. oxyotus gardneri and M. nigricans osculatii should be elevated to the species level and whether M. dinellii is distinct from M. levis. With the 7 potentially cryptic species identified herein that require further study, the number of Neotropical Myotis may approach 45 species. Taken together, our results suggest that rather than a classic example of a temperate radiation, there may be more species of Myotis in the Neotropics than Nearctic, Afrotropic, Indomalayan, and Oceanian Realms, with only the Palearctic region showing higher species richness.
Association of differential censoring with survival and suboptimal control arms among oncology clinical trials
Authors: Hsu Eric J , Lin Timothy A , Dabush Dor R , McCaw Zachary , Koong Alex , Lin Christine , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Patel Roshal , Kouzy Ramez , El Alam Molly B , Noticewala Sonal , Yang Yumeng , Sherry Alexander D , Fuller Clifton D , Thomas Charles R , Tang Chad , Msaouel Pavlos , Das Prajnan , Huang Bo , Tian Lu , Sun Ryan , Lee J Jack , Meirson Tomer , Ludmir Ethan B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Differential censoring, which refers to censoring imbalance between treatment arms, may bias the interpretation of survival outcomes in clinical trials. In 146 phase III oncology trials with statistically significant time-to-event surrogate primary endpoints, we evaluated the association between differential censoring in the surrogate primary endpoints, control arm adequacy, and the subsequent statistical significance of overall survival results. Twenty-four (16%) trials exhibited differential censoring that favored the control arm, whereas 15 (10%) exhibited differential censoring that favored the experimental arm. Positive overall survival was more common in control arm differential censoring trials (63%) than in trials without differential censoring (37%) or with experimental arm differential censoring (47%; odds ratio = 2.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.10 to 7.20; P = .04). Control arm differential censoring trials more frequently used suboptimal control arms at 46% compared with 20% without differential censoring and 13% with experimental arm differential censoring (odds ratio = 3.60, 95% confidence interval = 1.29 to 10.0; P = .007). The presence of control arm differential censoring in trials with surrogate primary endpoints, especially in those with overall survival conversion, may indicate an inadequate control arm and should be examined and explained.
Catastrophic health expenditures, insurance churn, and non-employment among women with breast cancer
Authors: Berlin Nicholas L , Albright Benjamin B , Moss Haley A , Offodile Anaeze C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer treatment and survivorship entails a complex and expensive continuum of subspecialty care. Our objectives were to assess catastrophic health expenditures, insurance churn, and non-employment among women younger than 65 years who reported a diagnosis of breast cancer. We also evaluated changes in these outcomes related to implementation of the Affordable Care Act.

Methods
The data source for this study was the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2005-2019), which is a national annual cross-sectional survey of families, providers, and insurers in the United States. To assess the impact of breast cancer, comparisons were made with a matched cohort of women without cancer. We estimated predicted marginal probabilities to quantify the effects of covariates in models for catastrophic health expenditures, insurance churn, and non-employment.

Results
We identified 1490 respondents younger than 65 years who received care related to breast cancer during the study period, representing a weight-adjusted annual mean of 1 062 129 patients. Approximately 31.8% of women with breast cancer reported health expenditures in excess of 10% of their annual income. In models, the proportion of women with breast cancer who experienced catastrophic health expenditures and non-employment was inversely related to increasing income. During Affordable Care Act implementation, mean number of months of uninsurance decreased and expenditures increased among breast cancer patients.

Conclusions
Our study underscores the impact of breast cancer on financial security and opportunities for patients and their families. A multilevel understanding of these issues is needed to design effective and equitable strategies to improve quality of life and survivorship.
Human-in-the-Loop: The Future of Machine Learning in Automated Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kalinin Sergei V , Liu Yongtao , Biswas Arpan , Duscher Gerd , Pratiush Utkarsh , Roccapriore Kevin , Ziatdinov Maxim , Vasudevan Rama 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) methods are progressively gaining acceptance in the electron microscopy community for de-noising, semantic segmentation, and dimensionality reduction of data post-acquisition. The introduction of the application programming interfaces (APIs) by major instrument manufacturers now allows the deployment of ML workflows in microscopes, not only for data analytics but also for real-time decision-making and feedback for microscope operation. However, the number of use cases for real-time ML remains remarkably small. Here, we discuss some considerations in designing ML-based active experiments and pose that the likely strategy for the next several years will be human-in-the-loop automated experiments (hAE). In this paradigm, the ML learning agent directly controls beam position and image and spectroscopy acquisition functions, and a human operator monitors experiment progression in real and feature space of the system and tunes the policies of the ML agent to steer the experiment toward specific objectives.
Easy Access to Super-Resolution Applications with DeepSIM
Authors: Brighi Carlo , Clario Luca , Romanzi Sara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy is becoming more and more relevant and widespread for solving complex biological questions. However, many super-resolution techniques require high-level expertise and specific sample preparation protocols limiting the kind of fluorophore that can be used and consequently the applications. CrestOptics DeepSIM supports researchers deploying standard sample preparation protocols used for confocal microscopy while offering staggering resolution, the possibility of doing live cell imaging, and the ability to image deep into tissues. DeepSIM also allows staining with commonly used fluorescent markers, making it compatible with a large variety of samples and applications.
A radio flare associated with the nuclear transient eRASSt J234403−352640: an outflow launched by a potential tidal disruption event
Authors: Goodwin A J , Anderson G E , Miller-Jones J C A , Malyali A , Grotova I , Homan D , Kawka A , Krumpe M , Liu Z , Rau A 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We present an extensive radio monitoring campaign of the nuclear transient eRASSt J234402.9−352640 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, one of the most X-ray luminous TDE candidates discovered by the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey. The observations reveal a radio flare lasting &gt;1000 d, coincident with the X-ray, UV, optical, and infrared flare of this transient event. Through modelling of the 10 epochs of radio spectral observations obtained, we find that the radio emission is well-described by an expanding synchrotron emitting region, consisting of a single ejection of material launched coincident with the optical flare. We conclude that the radio flare properties of eRASSt J234402.9−352640 are consistent with the population of radio-emitting outflows launched by non-relativistic tidal disruption events, and that the flare is likely due to an outflow launched by a tidal disruption event (but could also be a due to a new AGN accretion event) in a previously turned-off AGN.
Global epidemiology of kidney cancer
Authors: Cirillo Luigi , Innocenti Samantha , Becherucci Francesca 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Kidney cancer (KC) is a disease with a rising worldwide incidence estimated at 400 000 new cases annually, and a worldwide mortality rate approaching 175 000 deaths per year. Current projections suggest incidence continuing to increase over the next decade, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this significant global health trend. Despite the overall increases in incidence and mortality, striking social disparities are evident. Low- and middle-income countries bear a disproportionate burden of the disease, with higher mortality rates and later-stage diagnoses, underscoring the critical role of socioeconomic factors in disease prevalence and outcomes. The major risk factors for KC, including smoking, obesity, hypertension and occupational exposure to harmful substances, must be taken into account. Importantly, these risk factors also often contribute to kidney injury, a condition that the review identifies as a significant, yet under-recognized, precursor to KC. Finally, the indispensable role of nephrologists is underscored in managing this complex disease landscape. Nephrologists are at the forefront of detecting and managing kidney injuries, and their role in mitigating the risk of KC is becoming increasingly apparent. Through this comprehensive analysis, we aim to facilitate a more nuanced understanding of KC's epidemiology and determinants providing valuable insights for researchers, clinicians and policymakers alike.
An umbrella review and meta-analysis of meta-analyses of the impact of Ramadan fasting on the metabolic syndrome components
Authors: Jahrami Haitham , Ammar Achraf , Glenn Jordan M , Saif Zahra , Chtourou Hamdi , Trabelsi Khaled 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
Ramadan is a holy month of fasting, spiritual reflection, and worship for Muslims worldwide. However, the Ramadan fast – which involves abstaining from all food and drink, sunrise to sunset for 29 days–30 days annually – may also influence physical health outcomes, especially relating to the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Objective
The literature from the top of the pyramid of evidence was gathered and synthesized for this comprehensive umbrella review and meta-analysis of meta-analyses in order to provide an overall conclusion on the impact of Ramadan fasting with regard to metabolic syndrome components.

Data Extraction
Eleven systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included in the current umbrella review. Nine components, including waist circumference, body weight), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), and fasting blood plasma glucose were analyzed.

Data Analysis
The random-effects meta-analysis results revealed standard mean differences as follows: waist circumference –0.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] –0.33 to –0.27), body weight –0.34 (95% CI –0.39 to –0.29), high-density lipoprotein 0.20 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.30), low-density lipoprotein –0.10 (95% CI –0.13 to –0.07), total cholesterol –0.15 (95% CI –0.21 to –0.09), triglycerides –0.16 (95% CI –0.24 to –0.08), systolic blood pressure –0.20 (95% CI –0.23 to –0.17), diastolic blood pressure –0.20 (95% CI –0.22 to –0.18), fasting blood plasma glucose –0.10 (95% CI –0.12 to –0.08).

Conclusion
Ramadan fasting appears to benefit body weight, lipid profile, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels. Therefore, engaging in fasting during Ramadan may contribute to weight reduction, decreased cardiovascular disease risk, improved blood pressure, and enhanced glycemic control. Nevertheless, the methodological quality of the included reviews ranged from low to critically low, necessitating cautious interpretation of conclusions drawn from these data.

Systematic Review Registration
Open Science Framework Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/9WVJZ.
Coalition for Health and Gender Equity (CHANGE)—a protocol for a global cross-sectional survey of health and gender equity in rheumatology
Authors: Khursheed Tayyeba , Ovseiko Pavel , Dyball Sarah , Nakashima Ran , Gonzalez Ana Maria Arredondo , Babini Alejandra , Kalla Asgar Ali , Hill Catherine , Danda Debashish , Dey Dzifa , Traboco Lisa , Nikiphorou Elena , Harifi Ghita , Badshah Humeira , Hmamouchi Ihsane , Marie Von Feldt Joan , Farani Júlia Boechat , Andreoli Laura , Guimarães Mariana Peixoto , Toro Gutiérrez Carlos Enrique , Sieiro Santos Cristiana , Duftner Christina , Alpizar Rodriguez Deshire , Ziadé Nelly , Palominos Penélope Esther , Haq Syed Atiqul , Bautista-Molano Wilson , Tanaka Yoshiya , Gossec Laure , Agarwal Vikas , Wright Grace C , Coates Laura , Gupta Latika ,   the CHANGE Study Group, So Ho , Colunga-Pedraza Iris J , Chen Yi-Ming , Salim Babur , Vaidya Binit , Arredondo Gonzalez Ana Maria , Victoria Sadovici , Wang Qian , Akawatcharangura Phonpen , Siripaitoon Boonjing , Doskaliuk Bohdana , Sazliyana Shaharir Syahrul , Juge Pierre-Antoine , Klitz Uta , Mucke Johanna , Ravindran Vinod , Panagiotopoulos Alexandros , Colic Jelena , Bilgin Emre , Parodis Ioannis , de Hooge Manouk , Tα´lli Sandra , Magro Rosalie , Dourado Eduardo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The primary aim of the CHANGE survey is to determine the current state of gender equity within rheumatology, and secondarily, to review the physician perspective on bullying, harassment and equipoise of opportunities within rheumatology.

Methods
The CHANGE e-survey is a cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire adapted from EULAR’s gender equity in academic rheumatology task force. The survey was launched in January 2023; it is available in six languages and distributed widely via rheumatology organizations and social media. Eligible participants include rheumatologist physicians and rheumatology health-care professionals. Survey responses will undergo descriptive analysis and inter-group comparison aiming to explore gender-based discrimination using logistic regression, with subgroup analyses for country/continent variations.

Conclusion
This e-survey represents a comprehensive global initiative led by an international consortium, aimed at exploring and investigating the gender-related disparities and obstacles encountered by rheumatologists and rheumatology health-care professionals across diverse communities and health-care environments. By pursuing this initiative, we aim to take the broader rheumatology community a step closer to understanding the underlying origins of inequities and their determinants. Such insights are pivotal in identifying viable interventions and strategies to foster gender equity within the field. Ultimately, our collective objective is to ensure equitable access to opportunities for every individual, irrespective of gender, thereby promoting inclusivity and fairness across the entire spectrum of professional practice and career development.
The one-year infection risk among patients diagnosed with giant cell arteritis: use of antibiotics and hospitalisations
Authors: Therkildsen Philip , de Thurah Annette , Nielsen Berit Dalsgaard , Faurschou Mikkel , Baslund Bo , Hansen Ib Tønder , Nørgaard Mette , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) primarily have their infections managed by primary care providers and hospitalisation is rarely necessary. Existing studies in GCA focus on infection-related hospitalisations only, whereas the use of antibiotic prescriptions is largely unknown. This study aims to examine the one-year overall infection risk among patients with GCA.

Methods
This nationwide observational cohort study included patients aged ≥50 years with a first-time GCA diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry (1996–2022). Patients with GCA were matched 1:10 by sex and date of birth with general population individuals and followed from date of diagnosis. Overall infections were defined as redeemed antibiotic prescriptions or infection-related hospitalisations. Utilising a pseudo-observation approach, we assessed 1-year cumulative incidence proportions (CIP), risk differences (RD) and relative risks (RR) of infections.

Results
The study included 17 773 incident patients with GCA and 177 730 reference individuals. Patients with GCA had a 1-year CIP of 52.4% (95% CI: 51.7–53.2) for overall infections and 17.6% (95% CI: 17.1–18.2) for infection-related hospitalisations. Compared with the reference cohort, patients with GCA had a RR of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.38–1.42) for overall infections and 2.71 (95% CI: 2.61–2.82) for infection-related hospitalisations. Additionally, higher cumulative glucocorticoid doses, advanced age (≥70 years) and higher comorbidity were associated with an increased risk of infections among patients with GCA.

Conclusions
The use of antibiotic prescriptions and infection-related hospitalisations in the first year after a GCA diagnosis is high compared with the background population. The cumulative glucocorticoid dose is associated with the infection risk.
Combined effects of neuroticism and negative emotional context on spontaneous EEG dynamics
Authors: Deodato Michele , Seeber Martin , Mammeri Kevin , Michel Christoph M , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Neuroticism is a personality trait with great clinical relevance, defined as a tendency to experience negative affect, sustained self-generated negative thoughts and impaired emotion regulation. Here, we investigated spontaneous brain dynamics in the aftermath of negative emotional events and their links with neuroticism in order to shed light on the prolonged activity of large-scale brain networks associated with the control of affect. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 36 participants who were asked to rest after watching neutral or fearful video clips. Four topographic maps (i.e. microstates classes A, B, C and D) explained the majority of the variance in spontaneous EEG. Participants showed greater presence of microstate D and lesser presence of microstate C following exposure to fearful stimuli, pointing to changes in attention- and introspection-related networks previously associated with these microstates. These emotional effects were more pronounced for participants with low neuroticism. Moreover, neuroticism scores were positively correlated with microstate C and negatively correlated with microstate D, regardless of previous emotional stimulation. Our results reveal distinctive effects of emotional context on resting-state EEG, consistent with a prolonged impact of negative affect on the brain, and suggest a possible link with neuroticism.