bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governing nursing conduct: the rise of evidence‐based practice
Authors: Winch Sarah , Creedy Debra , Chaboyer And Wendy 
Published: March 2003

Governing nursing conduct: the rise of evidence‐based practice Drawing on the Foucauldian concept of ‘governmentality’ to analyse the evidence‐based movement in nursing, we argue that it is possible to identify the governance of nursing practice and hence nurses across two distinct axes; that of the political (governance through political and economic means) and the personal (governance of the self through the cultivation of the practices required by nurses to put evidence into practice). The evaluation of nursing work through evidence‐based reviews provides detailed information that may enable governments to target and instruct nurses regarding their work in the interest of preserving the health of the population as a whole. Political governance of the nursing population becomes possible through centralised discursive mechanisms, such as evidence‐based reviews that present nursing practice as an intelligible field whose elements are connected in a more or less systematic manner. The identity of the evidence‐based nurse requires the modern nurse to develop new skills and attitudes. Evidence‐based nursing is an emerging technology of government that judges nursing research and knowledge and has the capacity to direct nursing practice at both the political and personal level.
Capgras syndrome: Analysis of nine cases
Authors: Huang Tiao‐Lai , Liu Chia‐Yih , Yang Yong‐Yi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThree hundred and sixty‐four patients, 158 males and 206 females, were admitted to an acute psychiatric ward between November 1994 and October 1995, and only 9 patients (2 males and 7 females) fulfilled the clinical criteria for Capgras syndrome. The crude prevalence of Capgras syndrome in the acute psychiatric ward was 2.5% (1.3% for men and 3.4% for women), which is not uncommon. Medical records and laboratory examinations, including brain images and electroencephalographic examinations (EEG), were reviewed in the nine patients with Capgras syndrome. Four cases were proven to have apparently abnormal anatomical lesions on EEG, brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or single photon emission computed tomography (99mTc–HMPAO) examinations and five cases were associated with major physical illness. These findings support that organic factors could be important in the pathogenesis of Capgras syndrome.
Patient satisfaction with polypharmacy reduction in chronic epileptics
Authors: Matsuura Masato 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of polypharmacy reduction on patient satisfaction and subjective seizure severity were assessed prospectively in adult out‐patients with chronic epilepsy using Japanese versions of the Side effects and Life Satisfaction (SEALS) and the Seizure Severity Questionnaires (SSQ). Antiepileptic drugs (AED) were withdrawn using a 1‐year reduction schedule. The SSQ score was not aggravated and total SEALS score improved significantly. Moreover, temper subscore was also improved in the sedative AED reduction group. Similar to previous studies from the physician’s viewpoint, the present study confirms that from the perspective of the patient, polypharmacy reduction, especially withdrawal of sedative AED, has a favorable effect on patient satisfaction.
Effects of physiological cardiac pacing on sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with chronic bradydysrhythmias
Authors: Kato Isao , Shiomi Toshiaki , Sasanabe Ryujiro , Hasegawa Rika , Otake Kazuo , Banno Katsuhisa , Yamakawa Hiroki , Mizutani Noboru , Kobayashi Tadashi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn six patients with chronic bradydysrhythmias, polysomnographies were performed before cardiac pacemaker implantation and over the week following implantation. A patient with third‐degree atrioventricular block (AVB) and two patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND) were associated with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). Their cardiac pacemaker therapies, with the increase in the average heart rate, led to a reduction of apnea–hypopnea index and/or an improvement of Cheyne‐Stokes breathing. It seems that chronic bradydysrhythmia is one of the causative factors leading to SDB.
Relationships between seizure duration and seizure threshold and stimulus dosage at electroconvulsive therapy: Implications for electroconvulsive therapy practice
Authors: CHUNG KA‐FAI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecent studies cast doubt on the usefulness of seizure duration as an index for stimulus dosage adjustment at electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). A retrospective analysis on the relationships between seizure duration and seizure threshold and stimulus dosage was performed for 54 patients who received a standardized ECT dose titration and treatment protocol. Subjects receiving stimulus dosage at seizure threshold had a highly variable motor seizure duration, ranging from 15 to 89 s, and 7.4% of subjects had seizures longer than 60 s. Regression analysis showed that initial seizure threshold and height were independent predictors of motor seizure duration during dose titration and accounted for 34% of its variance. Stimulus dosage was increased by 40–67% between the first and second ECT session; however, 60% of subjects had no lengthening of seizures and motor seizure duration was significantly shorter at the second treatment (mean ± SD: 35.7 ± 12.3 vs 31.0 ± 10.6 s; paired t = 2.9, d.f. = 34, P = 0.006). At the first and second ECT treatment, motor seizure duration was significantly related to stimulus dosage (r = –0.45 and r = –0.41, respectively). Given the negative correlation between seizure duration and stimulus intensity, a policy that recommends an increase of stimulus dosage and its reduction for patients with short and long seizures, respectively, does not necessarily result in ‘optimal’ seizure duration. A better dosing policy that places less emphasis on seizure duration is proposed.
Mature teratoma of the uterine corpus with thyroid differentiation
Authors: Cappello Francesco , Barbato Francesco , Tomasino Rosa Maria 
Published: March 2003

A case of a clinically silent mature teratoma of the uterine corpus is reported. A 55‐year‐old woman presented with multiple uterine leiomyomas. The discovery was incidental, because the patient was asymptomatic. Macroscopically, a colloid–hemorrhagic‐looking nodule was present. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies showed that this tumor was a small thyroid mass.Key words: , ,
Detection of microcystins from cyanobacterial water blooms in Thailand fresh water
Authors: Mahakhant Aparat , Sano Tomoharu , Ratanachot Pannarat , Tong‐a‐ram Taksawan , Srivastava Vishal C. , Watanabe Makoto M. , Kaya Kunimitsu 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYMicrocystin content and composition in water blooms collected from two reservoirs and a pond in Thailand were investigated. The dominant species in the water blooms were Microcystis aeruginosa Pleurocapsalean filamentous cyanobacterium. The water blooms contained 0.7–0.8 mg microcystin/g dried sample. This is the first identification of microcystin from Pleurocapsalean filamentous cyanobacterium. The major microcystins in the water blooms were microcystin ‐RR, ‐LR and their (Z) forms as geometrical isomers. Microcystin ‐YR, ‐LA, ‐ThtyrR and ‐AR were also detected as minor variants. A novel variant, L‐2‐amino‐N‐butyric acid‐containing microcystin (microcystin ‐lBu), was identified from water blooms in a pond in Bangkok.
Microcystin production of Microcystis viridis (cyanobacteria) under different culture conditions
Authors: Song Lirong , Sano Tomoharu , Li Renhui , Watanabe Makoto M. , Liu Yongding , Kaya Kunimitsu 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYToxic cyanobacterium Microcystis viridis was isolated from the eutrophic Dianchi Lake of south‐western China. Three microcystins were detected from this strain by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Among them, [Dha7] microcystin‐RR is the major component and represents about 70–80% of the total toxins of this strain. We examined its microcystin production pattern in relation to culture conditions such as light intensity, nutrition, temperature, pH and growth phase. Of all the factors examined, light intensity and pH influenced the toxin production much more than other factors. At 25°C, a high production of [Dha7] microcystin‐RR was obtained at light intensity 15 μE s‐1 m2, and both low and high pH (pH 7.0 and pH 9.2) enhanced the yield of microcystin‐RR. No strong relationships were found between total toxin and temperature ranging from 15°C. The highest production of total toxins was measured in the mid‐exponential growth phase and lowest production towards the declining growth phase. Remarkable changes in toxin production and morphology emerged coincidentally following the transfer of nitrogen‐deficient cells into fresh MA medium during the time course. These findings may shed light on the correlation between toxin production and morphogenesis of this strain.
Variations in the toxicity of Microcystis species to Moina macrocopa
Authors: Yasuno Masayuki , Sugaya Yoshio , Kaya Kunimitsu , Watanabe Makoto M. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe toxins of 23 strains of Microcystis spp. were analyzed and the toxicity of these strains to Moina macrocopa was tested. There were great variations among strains in the amounts of microcystins. Most strains contained toxins and only five out of 23 strains contained no toxins. However, eight strains did not kill any M. macrocopa individuals over 7 days. Conversely, strains containing a large amount of microcystin exhibited very strong toxicity against M. macrocopa, killing 50% after 6 h of exposure. However, the microcystins themselves do not seem to be a major lethal factor against cladocerans. Some strains were not lethal to M. macrocopa, although they contained a quite high concentration of microcystins suggesting the presence of a co‐agent acting together with microcystin. Non‐toxic strains of Microcystis showed variations in their effects on M. macrocopa growth. Microcystis elabens, which does not contain microcystins, was slightly toxic to M. macrocopa. Moina macrocopa starved to death when offered Microcystis holsatica, suggesting that the cla‐doceran might avoid this blue‐green alga.
Chaetoceros phuketensissp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae): a new species from the Andaman Sea
Authors: Rines J. E. B. , Boonruang P. , Theriot E. C. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYOver 400 species of Chaetoceros Ehrenberg have been described since the genus was created in 1844, making this one of the most species‐rich genera of marine planktonic diatoms. Although Chaetoceros is cosmopolitan in distribution, the temperate north Atlantic taxa are best known. Examination of material from tropical seas suggests that there are numerous Chaetoceros endemic to these biogeographic regions, which await formal description. Chaetoceros phuketen‐sis sp. nov. is described from the Andaman Sea, in the tropical Indian Ocean. It possesses several unusual morphological characteristics not found in temperate taxa, including multiple central processes on terminal valves, vermiform chloroplasts and large size. It is most similar to Chaetoceros buceros Karsten and Chaetoceros bermejensis Hernàndez‐Becerril, which also inhabit tropical seas. These taxa are not easily accommodated in the traditional classification scheme, which was based on turn‐of‐the‐century knowledge of north Atlantic taxa. Approaches for classifying these unusual species include modifications of the extant scheme and creation of a new scheme based on phylogenetic principles.
Evidence for neutrophil activation in occupational asthma
Authors: Jung Ki‐Suck , Park Hae‐Sim 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to evaluate the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of occupational asthma (OA), 15 toluene diisocyanate (TDI)‐asthma and six grain dust‐asthma patients were recruited. Controls were the same number of subjects showing negative bronchoprovocation test (BPT) and six house dust mite‐sensitive asthma. Bronchoscopic biopsy specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies to mast cell (AA1), eosinophil (EG2), pan T cell (CD3) and neutrophil (NE). Serum neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) was measured before and 10–420 min after BPT. Sputum interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also measured. There was a significant increase of NE+ cells as well as AA1+ and EG2+ cells in grain dust‐ and TDI‐asthma compared with house dust‐sensitive asthma (P < 0.05). Neutrophil+ cells and AA1+ cells showed a significant correlation in TDI‐asthma (r = 0.73, P = 0.02). Serum NCA was significantly increased at 10 min after BPT and decreased at 60 min in subjects with TDI‐asthma. In grain dust‐asthma, serum NCA increased at 30 min and decreased at 240 min after BPT (P < 0.05). Sputum IL‐8 and MPO were significantly increased after BPT in both TDI‐ and grain dust‐asthma (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that neutrophils in the lungs might contribute to bronchoconstriction induced by either TDI or grain dust. The possible involvement of IL‐8 in activation of neutrophils was also suggested.
Suppressive effect of saprogrelate hydrochloride on Raynaud’s phenomenon and respiratory failure in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kato Shiro , Kishiro Izumi , Ohnuma Noboru , Takasaki Keiji , Okamoto Shingo , Nakamoto Takaaki , Kaneko Noboru , Kumamoto Hidero 
Published: March 2003

Objective:In seven patients with systemic sclerosis (SS), we evaluated the clinical effectiveness of oral administration of saprogrelate hydrochloride (SH: 300 mg/day) for 2 months on Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) and respiratory failure estimated by Hugh‐Jones classification.Methodology:We evaluated laboratory data (arterial blood gas (pH, PaO2 and PaCO2), pulmonary function tests (%VC, FEV1/FVC and %DLco), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), white blood cell count, C‐reactive protein and the plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), β‐thrombogloblin (β‐TG), platelet factor 4 (PF4) and thrombomodulin (TM)) before and after SH administration.Results:The frequency and duration of RP, as well as the coldness, numbness and pain of RP were significantly decreased after SH administration (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). Respiratory failure estimated by Hugh‐Jones classification was also significantly decreased after SH administration (P < 0.05), and the %DLco was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The mPAP decreased significantly after SH administration (P < 0.05). Plasma FPA, β‐TG and PF4 significantly decreased after administration (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).Conclusions:SH therapy could prevent RP and respiratory failure in patients with SS.
Adenovirus vector‐mediated transfer of 9 kDa granulysin induces DNA fragmentation in HuD antigen‐expressing small cell lung cancer murine model cells
Authors: SEKIYA MITSUAKI , OHWADA AKIHIKO , KATAE MASAHARU , DAMBARA TAKASHI , NAGAOKA ISAO , FUKUCHI YOSHINOSUKE 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Granulysin is a tumoricidal molecule secreted by cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, that induces apoptotic cell death in tumour cells. It has been demonstrated that small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines are susceptible to NK cells and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells, and HuD antigen is assumed to be a target molecule on SCLC cells for host cellular immunity.Methodology: In order to understand the mechanism of sensitivity of SCLC to cellular immunity, we evaluated granulysin‐induced apoptosis using mouse adenocarcinoma Colon 26 (Colon 26/HuD) cells transfected with the 9 kDa active form of granulysin using an adenovirus vector as a murine model of SCLC cells.Results: Adenovirus vector‐mediated transfer of 9 kDa granulysin increased DNA fragmentation
in Colon 26/HuD cells 2.5‐fold and suppressed Colon 26/HuD proliferation by 21%
on day 3 (P < 0.05 for each value) compared with the control adenovirus vector transfer. In contrast, adenovirus vector‐mediated transfer of 9 kDa granulysin did not increase DNA fragmentation nor suppress the proliferation of Colon 26 parent cells.Conclusions: The sensitivity of HuD‐expressing tumour cells to granulysin is likely to partially explain the susceptibility of SCLC to cell‐mediated immunity.
Increased circulating levels of soluble Fas ligand are correlated with disease activity in patients with fibrosing lung diseases
Authors: KUWANO KAZUYOSHI , MAEYAMA TAKASHIGE , INOSHIMA ICHIRO , NINOMIYA KIYOSHI , HAGIMOTO NAOKI , YOSHIMI MICHIHIRO , FUJITA MASAKI , NAKAMURA NORIO , SHIRAKAWA KAMON , HARA NOBUYUKI 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The Fas–Fas ligand (FasL) pathway is one of the important apoptosis‐signalling molecule systems. We previously determined that this pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosing lung diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical significance of the levels of soluble forms of Fas (sFas) and FasL (sFasL) in serum from patients with fibrosing lung diseases.Methodology: We measured sFas, sFasL, KL‐6 (a measure of alveolar type II cell damage), surfactant protein D (SP‐D), and surfactant protein A (SP‐A) levels in serum from 35 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 17 patients with interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular diseases (CVD‐IP), and 13 normal healthy controls using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).Results: The serum levels of sFasL were significantly increased in patients with active IPF and CVD‐IP, compared with those with inactive disease and controls. There was no significant difference in sFasL levels between patients with inactive disease and controls. Serum sFasL levels were significantly correlated with lactate dehydrogenase and KL‐6 levels in IPF. The decrease in sFasL levels following corticosteroid therapy was not correlated with the clinical course of IPF. There was no significant difference in serum sFas levels between IPF or CVD‐IP patients and controls.Conclusions: Although further studies need to be performed on a large number of patients with histologically proven IPF or CVD‐IP, it would seem that serum sFasL levels may reflect the activity of IPF and CVD‐IP.
Are you busy for the next 5 years? Recruitment in the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS)
Authors: MIHRSHAHI SEEMA , VUKASIN NICOLA , FORBES SAMANTHA , WAINWRIGHT CRAIG , KRAUSE WILLIAM , AMPON ROSARIO , MELLIS CRAIG , MARKS GUY , PEAT JENNIFER 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The process of recruitment into randomized controlled trials is not often reported. In the present paper, the methods used for recruitment into the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study are reported and the reasons why eligible subjects chose not to participate or withdrew from the trial are examined.Methodology: Recruitment was conducted at the antenatal clinics of six hospitals in Sydney (NSW, Australia). Pregnant women with a family history of asthma who consented to participate were randomized into one of four groups and were asked to follow a set of interventions. The study will continue until the infants are 5 years old.Results: Of 7171 women screened, 2095 (29.2%) were eligible, of whom only 616 (29.4% of eligible women) were recruited. The main reasons for not taking part in the study were a lack of interest, ineligibility (on further questioning), inability to be contacted and ‘too busy’. During the first 21/2 years of the trial, 10% of participants withdrew. The most common reasons for withdrawal from the study were loss of contact, family moving interstate or overseas and medical reasons. In families that withdrew from the trial or who were eligible but did not participate, the parents were significantly younger, mothers were less educated and fathers were less likely to be in full‐time employment.Conclusions: By collecting demographic data on people who withdrew from the study and chose not to participate, we gained a better understanding of why our recruitment rate was low. The preferential recruitment of some sectors of the community has important implications for the ways in which future studies will be planned.
Respiratory morbidity and lung function in two Aboriginal communities in Western Australia
Authors: VERHEIJDEN Marieke W. , TON Anja , JAMES Alan L. , WOOD Marianne , MUSK A. William 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To examine differences in the rates of respiratory symptoms, asthma and levels of lung function in two remote Aboriginal communities.Methodology: Respiratory symptoms, smoking history, skin prick test responses to common allergens, serum IgE, lung function, airway responsiveness to methacholine and white blood cell counts were compared in two Aboriginal communities, one from the central desert (n = 84) and another from the tropical north (n = 209) of Western Australia.Results: Compared with the tropical community, chest tightness and dyspnoea were more frequent and forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity were lower in the desert community, despite similar levels of wheeze, doctor‐diagnosed asthma and skin prick test responses and lower levels of airway responsiveness and smoking. The total white cell and neutrophil counts were greater in the desert community. Serum IgE was very high and similar in both communities.Conclusions: Our findings show a low prevalence of asthma in children, a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms and low levels of lung function in remote Aboriginal communities. The greater prevalence of respiratory morbidity in the desert community was not explained by diagnosed asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness or cigarette smoking. The role of infection requires further investigation. The results suggest that the lower lung function observed in Aboriginal communities (compared with non‐Aboriginal communities) results at least partly from environmental factors.
Molecular phylogeny and floral fragrances of male euglossine bee‐pollinated orchids: A study of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Williams Norris H. , Whitten W. Mark 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA molecular phylogeny was estimated for 23 species of the genus Stanhopea and its sister taxon the monotypic Embreea (Orchidaceae) using the internally transcribed spacer regions‐1 and ‐2 (ITS). We compared the molecular phylogeny with data on floral fragrances and pollination biology. In a few instances, the fragrance data reflected the molecular phylogeny of some of the species groups, but for the most part, fragrance data were homoplasious and not reliable indicators of phylogeny as determined from the independently derived molecular data set.