bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thematic analysis of code of ethics disclosures in SEC 8‐K Item 5.05
Authors: Cullinan Charles P. , Holowczak Richard , Louton David , Saraoglu Hakan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Securities and Exchange Commission requires the disclosure of changes to or waivers of corporate codes of ethics. Because the nature of amendments or waivers can vary, we expect the text of Item 5.05 to include different topics within different filings. We examine the population of these disclosures in Item 5.05 8‐K filings from 2004 to 2020. While previous studies utilized small samples (fewer than 50 observations) to examine limited aspects of these filings, we use the population of these filings from 2004 to 2020 (2121 8‐K filings) to elucidate the nature and details of the disclosures. We assess whether Latent Dirichlet Allocation—a computational linguistics technique—can help discern the underlying topics represented in filings. While the Securities and Exchange Commission identifies two topics—amendments and waivers—the Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis reveals four topics (three related to amendments): (1) code updates and clarifications; (2) combining codes of conduct for all officers and employees, or splitting codes to include a code directly applicable to senior financial officers; (3) codes of ethics waivers; and (4) substantive code changes. The overall trend is for fewer 8‐Ks to be filed in recent years, with updates and clarifications becoming the predominant filing type. Our results further indicate that Item 5.05s related to updates and clarifications, and those related to combined or split codes, use fewer words and are more easily readable than those disclosing waivers or material code changes. Although we find no significant price reaction to Item 5.05 8‐K filings, we find significant trading volume and volatility reactions, suggesting that these disclosures could give rise to differences in opinion among investors, which is consistent with the US Senate's assertion that these disclosures are of interest to investors.
Accuracy of implant placement via dynamic navigation and autonomous robotic computer‐assisted implant surgery methods: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Sihui , Cai Qin , Chen Weiyi , Lin Yuxuan , Gao Yan , Wu Dong , Chen Jiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveOptimal implant planning and placement allows the prosthesis to be well designed to achieve a satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcome. We aimed to compare deviations between implant planning and placement with the assistance of dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery (d‐CAIS) or autonomous robotic computer‐assisted implant surgery (r‐CAIS) methods in a clinical setting.MethodsThe retrospective analysis of medical records between 2021 July and 2022 December was conducted to compare the implantation accuracy of the d‐CAIS and r‐CAIS system in partially edentulous patients through cone‐beam computed tomography. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check the data distribution. Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test was used as appropriate, with a defined significant difference (p < .05).ResultsSeventy‐seven patients were analysed (124 implants), with 38 patients (62 implants) in the d‐CAIS group and 39 patients (62 implants) in the r‐CAIS group. The differences between d‐CAIS and r‐CAIS were 4.09 ± 1.79° versus 1.37 ± 0.92° (p < .001) in angular deviation; 1.25 ± 0.54 versus 0.68 ± 0.36 mm (p < .001) in coronal global deviation; 1.39 ± 0.52 versus 0.69 ± 0.36 mm (p < .001) in apical global deviation; the results of the PROMs showed no statistical difference between the two groups.Conclusionsr‐CAIS allows more accurate implant placement than the d‐CAIS technology. And both groups achieved overall satisfactory outcomes via VAS (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300072004).
A comparison of accuracy among different approaches of static‐guided implant placement in patients treated with mandibular reconstruction: A retrospective study
Authors: Kang Yi‐Fan , Ge Yan‐Jun , Ding Meng‐Kun , Liu‐Fu Jian‐Feng , Cai Zhi‐Gang , Shan Xiao‐Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the differences in the accuracy of immediate intraoral, immediate extraoral, and delayed dental implant placement with surgical guides (static computer‐aided implant surgery) in patients treated with mandibular reconstruction.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. The patients were divided into three groups: immediate intraoral placement (IIO), immediate extraoral placement (IEO), and delayed placement (DEL). Four variables were used to compare the planned and actual implant positions: angular deviation, three‐dimensional (3D) deviation at the entry point of the implant, 3D deviation at the apical point of the implant, and depth deviation.ResultsThe angular deviation was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .05) groups. The 3D deviation at the entry point was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .01) groups. The 3D deviation at the apical point was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .01) and DEL (p < .01) groups. The depth deviation was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .05) groups. There was no statistical difference between the IEO and DEL group in angular and 3D deviation.ConclusionWith surgical guides, among the different approaches for implant placement, delayed implant placement remains the most accurate approach for patients treated with mandibular reconstruction.
Correlation between intraosseous thermal change and drilling impulse data during osteotomy within autonomous dental implant robotic system: An in vitro study
Authors: Zhao Ruifeng , Xie Rui , Ren Nan , Li Zhiwen , Zhang Shengrui , Liu Yuchen , Dong Yu , Yin An‐An , Zhao Yimin , Bai Shizhu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims at examining the correlation of intraosseous temperature change with drilling impulse data during osteotomy and establishing real‐time temperature prediction models.Materials and MethodsA combination of in vitro bovine rib model and Autonomous Dental Implant Robotic System (ADIR) was set up, in which intraosseous temperature and drilling impulse data were measured using an infrared camera and a six‐axis force/torque sensor respectively. A total of 800 drills with different parameters (e.g., drill diameter, drill wear, drilling speed, and thickness of cortical bone) were experimented, along with an independent test set of 200 drills. Pearson correlation analysis was done for linear relationship. Four machining learning (ML) algorithms (e.g., support vector regression [SVR], ridge regression [RR], extreme gradient boosting [XGboost], and artificial neural network [ANN]) were run for building prediction models.ResultsBy incorporating different parameters, it was found that lower drilling speed, smaller drill diameter, more severe wear, and thicker cortical bone were associated with higher intraosseous temperature changes and longer time exposure and were accompanied with alterations in drilling impulse data. Pearson correlation analysis further identified highly linear correlation between drilling impulse data and thermal changes. Finally, four ML prediction models were established, among which XGboost model showed the best performance with the minimum error measurements in test set.ConclusionThe proof‐of‐concept study highlighted close correlation of drilling impulse data with intraosseous temperature change during osteotomy. The ML prediction models may inspire future improvement on prevention of thermal bone injury and intelligent design of robot‐assisted implant surgery.
The Financialization of Coffee, Cocoa and Cotton Value Chains: The Role of Physical Actors
Authors: Tröster Bernhard , Gunter Ulrich 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe prices of cash crops impact the livelihoods of millions of households in developing countries. While the influence of speculators on global commodity prices determined through derivatives exchanges is extensively discussed, the contribution of hedgers to short‐term changes in futures prices has largely been disregarded in the financialization of commodities discourse over the past two decades. This results in a failure to account for the interconnected activities of increasingly consolidated lead firms within physical global value chains (GVCs) and derivatives markets. This article examines the pricing and hedging strategies of lead firms in the coffee, cocoa and cotton GVCs in relation to their activities on commodity derivatives markets. Based on Open Interest data as an indicator of derivatives markets activity, a measure of buying and selling pressure by trader categories is applied in a Generalized ARCH (GARCH) model. The findings of this article show that hedgers’ activities allow speculators to drive global benchmark prices so that they can benefit through combinations of financial hedging and physical trading strategies. As these practices of lead firms contribute to the transmission of futures prices along GVCs, smallholders and other actors in cash crops in producer countries are exposed to heightened price changes.
Memory, Identity and Deindustrialization: Reflections from Bygone Mill‐scapes of Bangalore, India
Authors: Neethi P. , Rao Deeksha 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThis study takes a closer look at the deindustrialization of the South Indian city of Bangalore with respect to its former cotton mill sector, nearly two decades after the closure of the first three composite cotton mills in the city. The study views deindustrialization from sectoral, city‐ and community‐centric perspectives. As well as identifying Bangalore as a significant site within the ‘bygone mills’ discourse in India, the article contributes to the less‐researched theme of deindustrialization in the global South. It provides a detailed look into the city's mill‐scapes, from their rise in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to their demise in the early 21st century, through a mix of archival evidence, spatial analysis and an interrogation of the collective memory of millworkers and their families.
Exemplars Embodied: Can Acting Form Moral Character?
Authors: Phelps Ann , Brown Dylan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTheatre practitioners use empathy formation techniques within their acting methodology to develop particular characters for the stage. Here, Ann Phelps and Dylan Brown argue that, when Constantin Stanislavski's seminal dramatic method is placed in conversation with exemplarist moral theory, acting can become a tool for moral formation. To illustrate this claim, they describe their work with the Program for Leadership and Character at Wake Forest University, where a neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics framework is embodied and expanded using this dramatic method. By using acting exercises to help students rehearse how their moral exemplars would respond to situations, Phelps and Brown challenge students to embody their exemplars instead of merely engaging with them as a passive intellectual exercise. Moral educators can achieve their pedagogical aim by expanding Stanislavski's dramatic “super‐objective” to encompass a “moral meta‐objective.” This neo‐Aristotelian modification to Stanislavski's method might extend beyond the stage in ways that facilitate the embodiment of morally exemplary behavior, even after the curtain falls.
Azacitidine–venetoclax versus azacitidine salvage treatment for primary induction failure or first relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Petit C. , Saillard C. , Mohty B. , Hicheri Y. , Villetard F. , Maisano V. , Charbonnier A. , Rey J. , D‘Incan E. , Rouzaud C. , Gelsi‐Boyer V. , Murati A. , Lhoumeau A. C. , Ittel A. , Mozziconacci M. J. , Alary A. S. , Hospital M.‐A. , Vey N. , Garciaz S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of venetoclax‐azacitidine (VEN–AZA) with AZA in the real‐life for patients with first relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (R/R AML).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed R/R AML patients treated with VEN–AZA at the Institut Paoli Calmettes between September 2020 and February 2022. We compared them to a historical cohort of patients treated with AZA between 2010 and 2021.ResultsThirty‐five patients treated with VEN–AZA were compared with 140 patients treated with AZA. There were more favourable cytogenetics (25.7% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.01) and less FLT3‐ITD mutated AML (8.8% vs. 25.5%; p = .049) in the VEN–AZA group. The overall 30‐day mortality rate was 7.4% and the overall 90‐day mortality was 20%, with no difference between the groups. The complete remission rate was 48.6% in the VEN–AZA group versus 15% (p < .0001). The composite complete response rate was 65.7% in the VEN–AZA group versus 23.6% (p < .0001). OS was 12.8 months in the VEN–AZA group versus 7.3 months (p = 0.059). Patients with primary refractory AML, poor‐risk cytogenetics, prior hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT) and FLT3‐ITD mutated AML had lower response and survival rates.ConclusionVEN–AZA was associated with a better response rate and a longer survival than AZA monotherapy in AML patients who relapsed after or were refractory to intensive chemotherapy.
A case study evaluating the effect of clustering, publication bias, and heterogeneity on the meta‐analysis estimates in implant dentistry
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano , Atieh Momen A. , Tsagris Michail , Seehra Jadbinder , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMeta‐analyses may provide imprecise estimates when important meta‐analysis parameters are not considered during the synthesis. The aim of this case study was to highlight the influence of meta‐analysis parameters that can affect reported estimates using as an example pre‐existing meta‐analyses on the association between implant survival and sinus membrane perforation. PubMed was searched on 7 July 2021 for meta‐analyses comparing implant failure in perforated and non‐perforated sinus membranes. Primary studies identified in these meta‐analyses were combined in a new random‐effects model with odds ratios (ORs), confidence intervals (CIs), and prediction intervals reported. Using this new meta‐analysis, further meta‐analyses were then undertaken considering the clinical, methodological, and statistical heterogeneity of the primary studies, publication bias, and clustering effects. The meta‐analyses with the greatest number and more homogeneous studies provided lower odds of implant failure in non‐perforated sites (OR 0.49, 95 % CI = [0.26, 0.92]). However, when considering heterogeneity, publication bias, and clustering (number of implants), the confidence in these results was reduced. Interpretation of estimates reported in systematic reviews can vary depending on the assumptions made in the meta‐analysis. Users of these analyses need to carefully consider the impact of heterogeneity, publication bias, and clustering, which can affect the size, direction, and interpretation of the reported estimates.
Visually or auditorily induced seizures involve the activation of nonhippocampal brain areas and hippocampal removal does not alleviate seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bello Stephen Temitayo , Xu Shenghui , Li Xiao , Ren Junming , Jendrichovsky Peter , Jiang Feixu , Xiao Zhoujian , Wan Xiaoxiao , Chen Xi , He Jufang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies have attributed epileptic activities in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to the hippocampus; however, the participation of nonhippocampal neuronal networks in the development of TLE is often neglected. Here, we sought to understand how these nonhippocampal networks are involved in the pathology that is associated with TLE disease.MethodsA kainic acid (KA) model of temporal lobe epilepsy was induced by injecting KA into dorsal hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice. Network activation after spontaneous seizure was assessed using c‐Fos expression. Protocols to induce seizure using visual or auditory stimulation were developed, and seizure onset zone (SOZ) and frequency of epileptic spikes were evaluated using electrophysiology. The hippocampus was removed to assess seizure recurrence in the absence of hippocampus.ResultsOur results showed that cortical and hippocampal epileptic networks are activated during spontaneous seizures. Perturbation of these networks using visual or auditory stimulation readily precipitates seizures in TLE mice; the frequency of the light‐induced or noise‐induced seizures depends on the induction modality adopted during the induction period. Localization of SOZ revealed the existence of cortical and hippocampal SOZ in light‐induced and noise‐induced seizures, and the development of local and remote epileptic spikes in TLE occurs during the early stage of the disease. Importantly, we further discovered that removal of the hippocampi does not stop seizure activities in TLE mice, revealing that seizures in TLE mice can occur independent of the hippocampus.SignificanceThis study has shown that the network pathology that evolves in TLE is not localized to the hippocampus; rather, remote brain areas are also recruited. The occurrence of light‐induced or noise‐induced seizures and epileptic discharges in epileptic mice is a consequence of the activation of nonhippocampal brain areas. This work therefore demonstrates the fundamental role of nonhippocampal epileptic networks in generating epileptic activities with or without the hippocampus in TLE disease.
Temporal relationship between levetiracetam nonadherence and breakthrough seizures in a preclinical model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Guignet Michelle , Vuong Jonathan , Martinez Alejandra , Ballapapinan Ticha , White H. Steve 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivePoor medication adherence remains a concern for individuals managing their epilepsy with antiseizure medicines (ASMs); however, ethical concerns around withholding medication make it impossible to study the causal relationship between missed doses and seizures in patients. Previous preclinical studies from our group suggest that mechanistically distinct ASMs have varying degrees of forgiveness when a dose is missed. However, with only a few ASMs studied in the context of nonadherence, we sought to expand on previous work to understand the relationship between levetiracetam (LEV) nonadherence and breakthrough seizures.MethodsChronic oral dosing was initiated in rats with established epilepsy via our automated medication‐in‐food delivery system coupled to 24/7 video‐electroencephalographic recording. Baseline seizure burden was established for 4 weeks before enrolling subjects into a 4‐week treatment period with LEV in a 100% fully adherent (75 mg/kg four times daily) or 50% variably adherent paradigm. The temporal relationship between missed doses and breakthrough seizures was correlated with LEV plasma and brain concentrations in separate cohorts of animals.ResultsFull adherence to LEV significantly improved seizure control by 50% in half of the animals. Poor adherence worsened seizure frequency by 85%, with most rats having more severe seizures that formed in clusters following missed doses. LEV concentrations remained below therapeutic levels (<10 μg/mL) in nonadherent animals, with brain and plasma levels directly correlating with the degree of adherence in a 24‐h period. Missed doses of LEV immediately increased the risk of breakthrough seizures; however, this risk was significantly reduced with improved adherence in a 24‐h period.SignificanceThese findings enhance our understanding of ASM nonadherence in preclinical models, highlighting that the timing of missed doses and their impact on seizures may vary between different ASMs. Notably, LEV demonstrates a robust pharmacokinetic reliance on missed doses leading to breakthrough seizures.
Macroecological constraints on species' ‘movement profiles’: Body mass does not explain it all
Authors: Straus Samantha , Forbes Coreen , Little Chelsea J. , Germain Rachel M. , Main Danielle A. , O'Connor Mary I. , Thompson Patrick L. , Ford Adam T. , Gravel Dominique , Guzman Laura Melissa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimAnimals couple habitats by three types of movement: dispersal, migration, and foraging, which dynamically link populations, communities, and ecosystems. Across these types, movement distances tend to correlate with each other, potentially reflecting allometric scaling with body mass, but ecological and evolutionary species' traits may constrain movement distances and weaken these correlations. Here, we investigate multivariate “movement profiles” to better understand patterns in movement across movement types, with the aim of improving predictions in ecology from populations to ecosystems.LocationGlobal.Time period1945–2019.Major taxa studiedVertebrates.MethodsWe synthesized distances of all three movement types (dispersal, migration, and foraging) across 300+ vertebrate species and investigated how the relationships between movement types and body mass were modified by evolutionary history and trophic guild.ResultsWe found that the strength of relationships between movement types and body mass varied among taxa and trophic guilds, for example, strongly positive for mammals but weak for birds, or positive across trophic guilds for foraging and dispersal but not migration. Notably, movement profiles interacted with the effects of shared evolutionary history and trophic guild to diminish covariance between movement types.Main conclusionsOverall, we find that movement types with distinct ecological consequences (foraging, migration) are often correlated, although some species seem able to overcome biomechanical, evolutionary, and metabolic constraints by reducing correlations among movement types. This integrative assessment of movement can improve ecological prediction by allowing estimation of unobserved movement distances for parameterization of models based on estimation of other movement types.
Partitioning of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Weathered Light Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquid
Authors: Fang Yida , Fiorenza Stephanie , Schaefer Charles , Molloy Kevin , Gurr Chris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and weathered petroleum hydrocarbons can be co‐contaminants at sites where aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF) was used to extinguish high‐temperature petroleum fires. Here, we report on the partitioning of six PFAS between water and a weathered diesel and gasoline range hydrocarbon light non‐aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) collected from the subsurface of a decommissioned refinery. Results showed that both the structural features of PFAS and the characteristics of LNAPL exhibited significant impacts on the magnitude of PFAS partitioned to the LNAPL. The LNAPL–water partition coefficients (Kl) of PFOA and PFOS to the weathered LNAPL measured in this work were nearly or more than 10 times greater than Kl values calculated by others for partitioning to single‐component, unweathered NAPLs, indicating that laboratory studies evaluating LNAPL–water partitioning studies using single component NAPLs can largely underestimate the Kl expected to be encountered at contaminated AFFF sites. Interactions with LNAPL can be important controllers of PFAS fate and transport, and the Kl values estimated in this work suggest that LNAPL could be a significant transport sink for PFAS in the field. Results from this work suggest that PFAS partitioning to weathered LNAPL is an important process to be considered when designing remedial strategies, particularly those incorporating monitored natural attenuation or natural source zone depletion.