bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case–control study to evaluate hematological indices in blood of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in Ibb City, Yemen
Authors: Abbas Abdul Baset , Hazeb Alia , Al-Badani Rawan , Al-Thmary Boshra , Mokaram Rasha , Al-Najjar Somayah , Mothna Shifa , Kssiam Aziza , Esmail Abeer , Al-Rashidi Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, metabolic illness characterized by an elevation of blood sugar levels. Patients with diabetes show changes in hematological indices. The study aimed to determine hematological indices, ESR, CRP, blood pressure (BP), and weight and their relationship with a fasting blood sugar (FBS) level and different variables in diabetic mellitus patients (DM) compared with healthy control (HC). A total of 202 participants (102 DM group and 100 HC group) were selected randomly. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from different places and investigated in Zain Medical Laboratories in Ibb City, Yemen (September 2022 to May 2023). GraphPad Prim was used to analyze the results. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean and standard deviation of age, weight, gender, residence, marital status, education levels, economic status, regular exercise, following a strict diet, and family history of diabetes revealed significant differences between DM and HC groups (P < 0.0001, P = 0001, P = 0.0027, P = 0.0002, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0002, P = 0.0011, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). FBS results, systolic and diastolic BP, MCV, WBCs, monocytes, eosinophils, and platelets displayed significant differences between both groups (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0404, P = 0.0191, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0253, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.0229, respectively). ESR exhibited statistical significance (P < 0.0001), while CRP displayed no significance. A Pearson's correlation showed that weight, Hb, RBCs, PCV, and WBCs were statistically negatively correlated with FBS whereas other hematological indices showed no correlation with FBS. In conclusion, DM patients had relatively higher levels of MCV, WBCs, eosinophils, platelets and ESR than the control group.
The leakage effect may undermine the circular economy efforts
Authors: Safarzynska Karolina , Di Domenico Lorenzo , Raberto Marco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the impact of the circular economy on global resource extraction. To this end, we make an input–output analysis dynamic by combining it with an agent-based model of the capital sector. This approach allows us to study the evolution of the circular economy due to the endogenous decisions of firms on whether to invest in the capital expansion of primary or secondary sectors. Previous studies have examined the macroeconomic effects of the circular economy using scenarios that exogenously impose higher recycling rates, improved resource efficiency, or lowered demand on the economy. Such studies typically assume static consumer budgets, no price adjustments, capital investments in recycling infrastructure, or technological innovation. We relax these assumptions in a novel agent-based input–output model (ABM-IO). We show that the circular economy can significantly reduce the extraction of iron, aluminum, and nonferrous metals if implemented globally. However, the leakage effect may also cause some metal-intensive industries to relocate outside the EU, offsetting the circular economy efforts. The risk of the leakage effect is especially high for copper.
Impact of changes in physical activity and incident fracture after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Cheon Dae young , Han Kyung-Do , Lee Jeen Hwa , Yu Kyung-Ho , Choi Bo Young , Lee Minwoo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStroke survivors are at an increased risk of falls and fractures. Physical activity is inversely associated with the fracture risk in the general population. However, the association between incident fracture risk and changes in habitual physical activity before and after an index stroke remains unclear. This study attempted to explore the association between incident fracture risk and changes in physical activity after stroke. Using the claims database of the National Health Insurance Program in Korea, participants with their first ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2016 were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into four groups according to changes in physical activity habits evaluated using two consecutive self-reported questionnaires before and after stroke, if available: persistent non-exercisers, exercise dropouts, new exercisers, and persistent exercisers. The primary outcome was a composite of vertebral, hip, and other fractures. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and provided adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each outcome. Among 202,234 participants included from 1,005,879 datasets, 16,621 (8.22%) experienced any type of fracture as the primary outcome. After multivariable adjustment, exercise dropouts (n = 37,106), new exercisers (n = 36,821), and persistent exercisers (n = 74,647) had a significantly reduced risk of any type of fracture (aHR 0.932, 95% CI 0.893–0.973; aHR 0.938, 95% CI 0.900–0.978; aHR 0.815, 95% CI 0.780–0.852, respectively) compared to the persistent non-exercisers (n = 53,660). Furthermore, regardless of pre-stroke exercise status, those who exercised ≥ 1000 metabolic equivalents of tasks post-stroke had a significantly reduced risk of fractures. Initiating or continuing moderate-to-vigorous regular physical activity after acute ischemic stroke was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident fractures, including hip, vertebral, and other types.
Climate responses in China to domestic and foreign aerosol changes due to clean air actions during 2013–2019
Authors: Gao Jiyuan , Yang Yang , Wang Hailong , Wang Pinya , Li Baojie , Li Jiandong , Wei Jiangfeng , Gao Meng , Liao Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, to improve air quality, significant efforts have been made to reduce regional aerosols including China, Europe and North America, which have potential impacts on climate. In this study, fast and slow climate responses in China to changes in domestic and foreign anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and precursors from 2013 to 2019 are investigated using the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). Aerosol emissions changes, especially reductions in China, North America and Europe, during 2013–2019 resulted in surface air temperature increases across the Northern Hemisphere. Global aerosol changes induce a regional warming of 0.2 °C in China, equally contributed by domestic and foreign emissions changes. China’s domestic emission reductions lead to a regional average temperature rise of 0.1°C, primarily driven by rapid atmospheric adjustments over eastern China. Foreign aerosol changes, particularly reductions in North America and Europe, also contributed to a 0.1°C warming in China through slow oceanic processes. This warming in China induced by foreign aerosol changes is due to a teleconnection between the aerosol-induced anomalous regional warming in Eastern U.S.-North Atlantic Ocean-Europe and the downstream East Asian climate through anomalous wave trains propagation. The comparable influence of domestic and foreign aerosol changes on climate in China underscores the importance of international collaboration in climate mitigation endeavors.
Physiological ER stress caused by amylase production induces regulated Ire1-dependent mRNA decay in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Tanaka Mizuki , Zhang Silai , Sato Shun , Yokota Jun-ichi , Sugiyama Yuko , Kawarasaki Yasuaki , Yamagata Youhei , Gomi Katsuya , Shintani Takahiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRegulated Ire1-dependent decay (RIDD) is a feedback mechanism in which the endoribonuclease Ire1 cleaves endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized mRNAs encoding secretory and membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells under ER stress. RIDD is artificially induced by chemicals that generate ER stress; however, its importance under physiological conditions remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of RIDD in filamentous fungus using Aspergillus oryzae as a model, which secretes copious amounts of amylases. α-Amylase mRNA was rapidly degraded by IreA, an Ire1 ortholog, depending on its ER-associated translation when mycelia were treated with dithiothreitol, an ER-stress inducer. The mRNA encoding maltose permease MalP, a prerequisite for the induction of amylolytic genes, was also identified as an RIDD target. Importantly, RIDD of malP mRNA is triggered by inducing amylase production without any artificial ER stress inducer. Our data provide the evidence that RIDD occurs in eukaryotic microorganisms under physiological ER stress.
Modular, automated synthesis of spirocyclic tetrahydronaphthyridines from primary alkylamines
Authors: Cao Qiao , Tibbetts Joshua D. , Wrigley Gail L. , Smalley Adam P. , Cresswell Alexander J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpirocyclic tetrahydronaphthyridines (THNs) are valuable scaffolds for drug discovery campaigns, but access to this 3D chemical space is hampered by a lack of modular and scalable synthetic methods. We hereby report an automated, continuous flow synthesis of α-alkylated and spirocyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridines (“1,8-THNs”), in addition to their regioisomeric 1,6-THN analogues, from abundant primary amine feedstocks. An annulative disconnection approach based on photoredox-catalysed hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) of halogenated vinylpyridines is sequenced in combination with intramolecular SNAr N-arylation. To access the remaining 1,7- and 1,5-THN isomers, a photoredox-catalysed HAA step is telescoped with a palladium-catalysed C–N bond formation. Altogether, this provides a highly modular access to four isomeric THN cores from a common set of unprotected primary amine starting materials, using the same bond disconnections. The simplifying power of the methodology is illustrated by a concise synthesis of the spirocyclic THN core of Pfizer’s MC4R antagonist PF-07258669.
United States amphibian imports pose a disease risk to salamanders despite Lacey Act regulations
Authors: Connelly Patrick J. , Ross Noam , Stringham Oliver C. , Eskew Evan A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBatrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), one of two fungal pathogens that cause the deadly amphibian disease chytridiomycosis, is a major impending threat to salamander biodiversity in North America, where it is not yet known to occur. In the United States, a 2016 wildlife trade policy restricted trade in 20 salamander genera in attempts to prevent Bsal introduction. However, little comprehensive data is available to evaluate the impact of this policy action. Here we collate a dataset of United States amphibian imports from 1999 to 2021 using Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) data and show that reported legal trade in the targeted taxa was effectively reduced by the ban. Unfortunately, amphibian trade into the United States continues to risk Bsal introduction given that other species and genera now known to carry Bsal are still traded in large quantities (millions of live individuals annually). Additional policy responses focused on Bsal carrier taxa, especially frogs in the genus Rana, could help mitigate the impact of Bsal on North American salamanders.
Food
Authors: Coultate Tom 
Published: October 2023

Since 1984 this book, now in its 7th edition and thoroughly updated, has introduced the crucial interface between our diet and the essentially chemical nature of what we eat and drink. The contributions of the various classes of natural food components, as well as additives and contaminants, to the nutritional value of foods are considered. These include the nutrients required in large amounts like carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals and water as well as the less bulky nutrients such as vitamins, flavours, colours and preservatives. Undesirable food components, including allergens, pesticide residues and toxins are also dealt with. Not just the nature of food components are described, but also how they behave in storage, processing and cooking and accompanying changes in a food’s nutritional value.
The book features a ‘Special Topics’ section at the end of each chapter for specialist readers and advanced students, comprehensive listings of up-to-date review articles and recommended books for further reading, an exhaustive index and the structural formulae of over 500 food components. Frequent reference is also made to wider food and health issues, e.g. lactose intolerance, polyunsaturated fatty acids, wheat and gluten evolution, salt and hypertension, flavonoids in tea and fruit, and the increasing replacement of artificial with natural food colours.
Food: The Chemistry of its Components will be of particular interest to students and teachers of food science, nutrition and applied chemistry in universities, colleges and schools. Its accessible style ensures that it will be invaluable to anyone with an interest in food issues.
Extracts from reviews of previous editions:
“A superb book to have by your side when you read your daily newspaper.” New Scientist.
“… filled me with delight, curiosity and wonder. All the chemistry is very clear and I thoroughly recommend it.” The Chemical Educator.
“This is a lively and thorough treatment of the subject. I can recommend it to anyone interested in food, as an excellent reference or just to pick up and browse.” School Science Review.
“Especially noteworthy are the author’s simple observations on foods that are familiar to us all …” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Safety.
The Effect of Noise on Initiation and Maintenance of Clear Speech and Associated Mental Demand
Authors: Ishikawa Keiko , Li Hannah , Coster Elisabeth 
Published: October 2023

Background/Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to explore (a) the influence of different types of background noise and their informational content on the ability of speakers to initiate and maintain clear speech (CS), a widely utilized technique for enhancing speech intelligibility, and (b) the impact of background noise and CS usage on speakers' mental demand.

Method:
Five adult females were asked to read sentences using both habitual and CS under four distinct noise conditions: quiet, multitalker (MT) noise, reversed multitalker (RevMT) noise, and speech-shaped (SS) noise. Following this, speakers rated their perceived level of mental demand for each speaking condition using the modified NASA Task Load Index scale. A two-part listening experiment with 48 listeners was conducted to evaluate the speakers' effectiveness in initiating and maintaining CS.

Results:
Speakers initiated CS more successfully in noise than in quiet, with better performance observed in the presence of RevMT noise as compared to SS noise. Regarding the maintenance of CS, none of the speakers were successful in a quiet environment. Furthermore, the ability to maintain CS was most adversely affected in MT noise, followed by RevMT noise and SS noise.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that the effect of background noise on speech production is complex and multifaceted. The noise type affected speakers' ability to initiate and maintain CS as well as the mental demand associated with the speech task. The results underscore the importance of considering the characteristics of background noise and cognitive aspects of speech production when training and evaluating speakers' performance.
Composite reliability assessment of systems with grid‐edge renewable resources via quasi‐sequential Monte Carlo and cross‐entropy techniques
Authors: Manso Bruno A. S. , Leite da Silva Armando M. , Milhorance André , Assis Fernando A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe still growing share of intermittent renewable sources in the electric energy matrix is a factor that greatly increases the complexity of modelling electrical power systems. Although its exploitation is conditioned to the geographic location where the natural resource emerges itself, when this location coincides with the grid‐edge of the system, close to the consumer, the composite reliability assessment is exposed to the combination of two problems: (i) representation of the intermittent energy availability of generators; and (ii) failure event rarity. To address the first problem, a fast Monte Carlo tool capable of representing chronological aspects can be used. For the second problem, an efficient variance reduction technique that adapts well to the composite problem of generation and transmission must be established. Therefore, a quasi‐sequential Monte Carlo simulation tool aided by importance sampling via the cross‐entropy method is proposed as an efficient and robust procedure for evaluating the composite reliability of systems with renewable participation at grid‐edge. The method is evaluated through a modified version of the IEEE Reliability Test System ‐ 1996, which presents renewable generation in consumer load buses and rarity in the composite failure.
Wie wird die Schuleingangsuntersuchung in Deutschland gestaltet? Eine
bundesweite Befragung der Gesundheitsämter.
Authors: Baumgarten Melanie , Küster Tess , Rademacher Jeanne , Preuschhof Claudia 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Studie verfolgt das Ziel, einen Überblick
über Inhalte, Ablauf und Diagnostika der Schuleingangsuntersuchung (SEU)
in Deutschland zu geben. Im Fokus standen die allgemeine Umsetzung der SEU und
die verwendeten Entwicklungsscreenings in den einzelnen Ländern
Deutschlands.
Methodik An einer Online-Befragung in Gesundheitsämtern haben
insgesamt 183 Mitarbeiter*innen aus 15 unterschiedlichen Ländern
teilgenommen.
Ergebnisse Es zeigt sich ein sehr heterogenes Bild bezüglich der
SEU, wobei die Angaben sowohl zwischen als auch innerhalb der meisten
Länder variieren. Betrachtet man dennoch die am häufigsten
genannten Antwortoptionen der Befragten, wird die SEU mehrheitlich von den
Ärzt*innen des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes
durchgeführt, nimmt pro Kind 46 bis 60 Minuten Zeit in Anspruch, wird
innerhalb einer Untersuchung (einstufig) und bis maximal 12 Monate vor der
Einschulung durchgeführt. Inhaltlich stehen die körperliche und
kognitive Entwicklung der Kinder im Fokus. Die meisten Mitarbeiter*innen
der Gesundheitsämter berichten, dass ihnen zur Durchführung der
SEU konkrete Vorgaben vom Land vorliegen. Als Entwicklungsscreening wird das
Sozialpädiatrische Screening für Schuleingangsuntersuchungen
(SOPESS) am häufigsten eingesetzt. Darüber hinaus wird
berichtet, dass die Screenings mehrheitlich zwischen 16 und 30 Minuten dauern
sowie vollständig und in derselben Reihenfolge durchgeführt
werden. In rund 50–60% der Fälle wurde angenommen, dass
bei den eingesetzten Screenings die wissenschaftlichen Gütekriterien
gegeben sind.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende Untersuchung bietet die
Möglichkeit, die verschiedenen Vorgehensweisen bei der Umsetzung der SEU
zu vergleichen und Weiterentwicklungen anzuregen.
Impfstoffmanagement in der ambulanten Versorgung: ein systematischer
Review internationaler Empfehlungen und Implikationen für das deutsche
Gesundheitswesen.
Authors: Knepper Laura , Stieber Christiane , Weltermann Birgitta 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Unterbrechungen der Impfstoffkühlkette mit
Temperaturen außerhalb des Zielbereichs von+2°C
bis+8°C können die Wirksamkeit von Impfstoffen
verringern und die Immunantwort beeinträchtigen. Die Einhaltung von
Standards zum Impfstoffmanagement ist daher essentiell, doch sind für
Deutschland bisher keine Leitlinien dazu formuliert. Dieser Review vergleicht
die Qualität und die Inhalte internationaler Leitlinien und Empfehlungen
zum Impfstoffmanagement mit Hilfe des AGREE II Instruments (Appraisal of
Guidelines for Research and Evaluation). Aus den Ergebnissen werden Empfehlungen
für das Impfstoffmanagement in der ambulanten Versorgung in Deutschland
abgeleitet.
Methodik Ausgehend von einer systematischen Recherche wurden
internationale Leitlinien und Empfehlungen zum Impfstoffmanagement durch drei
Reviewer anhand der AGREE II-Domänen bewertet. Die Domänen
waren: Geltungsbereich und Zweck, Beteiligung von Interessengruppen, Genauigkeit
der Leitlinienentwicklung, Klarheit der Gestaltung, Anwendbarkeit und
Redaktionelle Unabhängigkeit. Die inhaltlichen Empfehlungen der
Leitlinien wurden nach den fünf Kernthemen Kühlkette,
Ausrüstung, Personal und Personalqualifikation, Lagerung und Monitoring
analysiert. Das Studiendesign wurde in PROSPERO (CRD42021270524)
registriert.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden neun Leitlinien und Empfehlungen bewertet. Die
Gesamtpunktzahl der einzelnen Publikationen variierte zwischen 17% und
89% der maximal möglichen Punktzahl. Alle Leitlinien enthielten
Empfehlungen zu den fünf Kernthemen, unterschieden sich jedoch in der
Detailtiefe. Die wichtigsten Empfehlungen lauteten: a) durchgehende
Kühlkette erforderlich; b)≥2 geschulte Verantwortliche pro
Einrichtung; c) Lagerung in der Originalverpackung; d) geeigneter
Kühlschrank, vorzugsweise Spezialkühlschrank, mit
Min-Max-Thermometer oder Datenlogger; e) routinemäßiges
Monitoring des Impfkühlschranks mit täglicher
Temperaturaufzeichnung. Ein öffentliches Überwachungssystem wird
in einigen Leitlinien empfohlen.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere systematische Übersichtsarbeit
identifizierte Schlüsselinformationen für die Lagerung und das
Management von Impfstoffen, um die zukünftige Entwicklung deutscher
Empfehlungen zur Impfstofflagerung anzuregen und zu unterstützen.
“Having impact, making a difference” –
Ansätze zur Steigerung der Attraktivität des ÖGD als
zukünftiger Arbeitgeber. Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen aus zwei
bundesweiten Onlinebefragungen
Authors: Arnold Laura , Kellermann Lisa , Hommes Franziska , Jung Laura , Gepp Sophie , Fischer Florian , Szagun Bertram , Starke Dagmar , Stratil Jan M. 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungUm Ansätze zu identifizieren, wie der ÖGD zu einem attraktiveren
Arbeitgeber werden kann, wurde im Rahmen des ÖGD-Studisurveys das
Interesse von Studierenden in Deutschland an einer Tätigkeit im
ÖGD erstmals empirisch exploriert. Unmittelbar vor und während
der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden zwei Onlinebefragungen unter Studierenden
ÖGD-relevanter Studienfächer durchgeführt. Beide
Befragungen enthielten Fragen zur Wahrnehmung des ÖGD, zum Wissen
über den ÖGD sowie zu Ansätzen, um die
Attraktivität des ÖGD zu steigern. Alle Analysen erfolgten
stratifiziert nach Studienfächern. Medizinstudierende wiesen ein
geringeres Interesse an einer Tätigkeit im ÖGD auf als Public
Health-Studierende und Studierende weiterer ÖGD-relevanter
Fachrichtungen. Unabhängig vom Studienfach war das Wissen über
den ÖGD gering. Ungeachtet der Wahrnehmung positiver Aspekte, wurden
häufig negative Aspekte struktureller Art wahrgenommen – dies
v. a. auch von Studierenden mit Interesse am ÖGD. Um gut
qualifizierte Personen für den ÖGD zu gewinnen und langfristig
zu halten, gilt es, die positiven Aspekte zu betonen und formulierte Kritik
ernst zu nehmen. Hierfür ergeben sich drei Ansätze: (1)
Strategien zur langfristigen Personalgewinnung sollten kompetenzorientiert
ausgerichtet werden und auf Personen mit ÖGD-Interesse fokussieren. (2)
Zur Sicherstellung erforderlicher Kompetenzen sollte der ÖGD in allen
relevanten Studienfächern verankert und bestehende Aus- und
Weiterbildungsstrukturen sollten erweitert werden. (3) Um die
Arbeitgeberattraktivität des ÖGD nachhaltig zu stärken,
muss die Verwaltungsmodernisierung vorangebracht und das Aufgabenspektrum
entsprechend des Leitbildes weiterentwickelt werden.