bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric intestinal metaplasia type III cases are classified as low‐grade dysplasia on the basis of morphometry
Authors: Tosi Piero , Filipe M. Isabel , Luzi Pietro , Miracco Clelia , Santopietro Rosa , Lio Roberto , Sporza Vincenzo , Barbini Paolo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to try to place gastric intestinal metaplasia, type III (type III IM) in the stepwise chain of events from atrophic gastritis to cancer. A number of dysplastic, periulcer regenerative, and type III IM lesions were qualitatively diagnosed (and graded) blindly and independently by several pathologists. These lesions were further analysed by means of quantitative parameters, with the aim of differentiating dysplastic from regenerative changes. Inconsistencies between the qualitative and quantitative classification (about 7 per cent of cases) were eliminated and homogeneous groups (low‐grade dysplasia, high‐grade dysplasia, regenerative changes) were obtained. These cases were taken as the gold standard against which type III IM was compared. The results indicate that the great majority (91·4 per cent) of cases of type III IM fulfil the nuclear and architectural criteria for low‐grade dysplasia.
Growth factors: Regulation of normal and neoplastic growth
Authors: Pusztai L. , Lewis C. E. , Lorenzen J. , McGee J. O'D 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of current trends in growth factor research. The first part of the review considers the current classification of growth factors and their receptors. A model of cell proliferation regulation by growth factors is then presented. The final section reviews the latest concepts of the involvement of growth factors in the development of neoplasia.
Proliferation and differentiation of tumour cells from B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue in vitro
Authors: Hussell Tracy , Isaacson Peter G. , Spencer Jo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeveral characteristics of lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT type) suggest that they are antigen‐dependent and that their growth parodies a normal immune response. We have previously shown that three cases of low‐grade B‐cell MALT‐type lymphoma recognize autoantigens. In this study, we investigated the response of three low‐grade and one high‐grade case of MALT‐type lymphoma to anti‐idiotypic antibody as a model of antigen binding either alone or as a co‐stimulus with B‐cell mitogens. We also studied the response of tumour cells to interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), which induces differentiation to immunoglobulin‐producing cells in many systems. Of the four cases studied, one low‐grade case showed markedly enhanced proliferation in response to anti‐idiotype alone. This could not be increased by the addition of mitogens. In the remaining two low‐grade cases, mitogen responsiveness was observed which was affected by anti‐idiotype either by an enhancement or by a reduction in the proliferative response. The high‐grade case failed to respond to the stimuli studied. No response to IL‐6 was observed. This study supports the suggestion that antigen may affect the pathogenesis of low‐grade tumours of MALT type.
Bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human fetal and infant lung
Authors: Gould Stephen J. , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) has been defined as the organized lymphoid tissue of the lung. Although well described in a variety of animal species, documentation of its presence and development in human lung is limited. Because the tissue to volume ratio in adult lungs is so low, a systematic search for BALT would involve so many sections as to be impractical. In this study, therefore, we have studied post‐mortem specimens of fetal (n=102) and infant (n=17) lungs, which have a much higher tissue to volume ratio. Fetal death was due to various causes but all but two infants died from sudden infant death syndrome. In the fetal lungs, the presence of BALT was almost invariably associated with chorioamnionitis or intrauterine pneumonia, being present in 24 of 51 of these cases (47 per cent). The earliest ill‐defined lymphoid aggregate was seen at 16 weeks' gestation, while lymphoepithelium, a hallmark of mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue, could be identified at 20 weeks. In 51 fetuses without infection, BALT was found in only five cases (10 per cent). BALT was identified in 13/17 (77 per cent) of infant lungs and well‐developed lymphoepithelium was evident in four cases. This study shows that BALT may be present in the human fetal and infant lung, but that its appearance is probably dependent on antigenic stimulation.
Integrin expression in normal, hyperplastic, dysplastic, and malignant oral epithelium
Authors: Jones Judith , Sugiyama Masaru , Watt Fiona M. , Speight Paul M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have examined the distribution of a range of integrin subunits in normal and lesional oral mucosa. The α2, α3, α6, β1β, and β4 subunits were highly expressed in normal epithelium, and there was weaker, more variable expression of α5 and αv. Expression of all subunits was highest in the basal layer of normal epithelium, but extensive staining above the basal layer was also observed, particularly in the floor of the mouth and the lateral margin of the tongue. In dysplastic lesions and hyperplastic epithelium adjacent to ulcers, suprabasal staining was even more pronounced. Staining patterns in squamous cell carcinomas showed considerable variation, both within and between individual tumours: in some areas there was staining reminiscent of normal epithelium, but uniform staining throughout tumour islands, and patchy and variable cytoplasmic and pericellular staining were also seen. Thirteen out of 17 carcinomas showed some loss of integrin expression: six out of ten moderately well differentiated tumours and all the poorly differentiated tumours. Focal loss of a6 and β4 was most commonly observed, but loss of α2 and β3 also occurred. Since integrins regulate not only keratinocyte adhesion, but also the initiation of terminal differentiation, the changes in integrin expression that we have observed may have significance for the behaviour of individual tumours.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma: A study of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) counts and their relation to prognosis
Authors: Fonseca Isabel , Soares Jorge 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe studied the AgNOR counts in 30 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma from salivary glands (n = 18) and non‐salivary sites (n=12) in an attempt to correlate them with the evolution of the disease. AgNOR counts per nucleus varied between 1·96 and 6·12 (mean value 4·2 ± 0·99) as compared with 1·21 ± 1·4 in normal salivary tissue. There was no significant difference between cases that had an unfavourable clinical outcome (recurrence, metastases, and/or died of the disease) and cases without disease complications (4·31 vs. 4·03 AgNORs per nucleus). No difference was found between tumours located at salivary and non‐salivary sites or between major and minor salivary glands. AgNOR counts also did not correlate with the grade of differentiation of the neoplasms. In adenoid cystic carcinoma, AgNOR counts do not seem to be a prognostic indicator, in contrast to the usefulness of this method in other tumour types.
Differentiation‐associated changes in mucin glycoprotein antigenicity in mucosa adjacent to rare gastrointestinal tract tumours of non‐mucosal origin
Authors: Pilbrow Simon J. , Hertzog Paul J. , Linnane Anthony W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have investigated changes in mucin antigenicity and morphology in the perineoplastic mucosa adjacent to rare, predominantly non‐mucosal gastrointestinal (GI) tumours. Twenty‐nine tumours of small and large intestine, including primary mesenchymal and ectodermal tumours, were examined immunohistochemically using 11 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against SIMA and LIMA (small and large intestinal mucin antigens). Non‐epithelial GI tumours were essentially non‐reactive, while adjacent mucosa showed altered mucin expression and morphology, in particular, features of transitional mucosa (TM). Combinations of different SIMA epitopes were detected adjacent to all colorectal tumours, and, similarly, LIMA epitopes adjacent to small intestinal tumours. Specific patterns adjacent to certain tumours may reflect influences of factors produced by individual tumours on mucin composition. Altered antigenicity and morphology in TM thus appear to be reactive changes in response to a wide range of GI tumours, presumably as a consequence of factors secreted by the tumour and/or a host response to the tumour.
Early increase precedes a depletion of VIP and PGP‐9.5 in the skin of insulin‐dependent diabetics—correlation between quantitative immunohistochemistry and clinical assessment of peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Properzi Giuliana , Villa Sandro Franca , Poccia Gianfranco , Aloisi Paolo , Gu Xu‐Hong , Terenghi Giorgio , Polak Julia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy affects both sensory and autonomic peripheral nerve fibres. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is present in autonomic fibres which modulate sweat secretion, while calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is localized to cutaneous sensory fibres. In this study, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to assess changes of VIP and CGRP, and of the pan‐neuronal marker protein gene‐product (PGP)‐9.5, in skin biopsies of 18 patients affected by type 1 diabetes (age range 18–46 years) and from seven aged‐matched controls. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (n=6), with diabetes for 6 months to 3 years; group 2 (n=5), with the disease for 5–10 years; and group 3 (n=7), with diabetes for more than 10 years. VIP immunoreactivity (IR) and PGP‐9.5‐IR were significantly reduced around sweat glands (P <0.005) in groups 2 and 3. Epidermal CGRP‐IR and PGP‐9.5‐IR were significantly reduced in group 3 (P <0.05). Twenty‐eight per cent (5/18) of all patients showed high VIP‐IR around sweat glands (>95 per cent confidence limits of controls) and all of these patients had diabetes for less than 3 years. Conversely, 55 per cent (10/18) of patients had low VIP‐IR (<5 per cent confidence limit of controls). The latter, compared with the former, showed a significantly longer duration of diabetes (Fisher exact test P=0·002), presence of clinical autonomic neuropathy (Fisher exact test P=0.04), and a reduced sural nerve conduction velocity (Fisher exact test P=0.04). These results suggest that quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of peptide‐containing cutaneous nerves allows an objective evaluation of nerve fibre alterations at early stages of diabetes than is currently possible with neurophysiological functional tests.
Detection of monoclonality in low‐grade B‐cell lymphomas using the polymerase chain reaction is dependent on primer selection and lymphoma type
Authors: Diss Tim C. , Peng Huaizheng , Wotherspoon Andrew C. , Isaacson Peter G. , Pan Langxing 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDetection of B‐cell monoclonality using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) promises the quick and cost‐effective separation of monoclonal from polyclonal B‐cell disease. However, the efficiency of the method has yet to be fully assessed, particularly with regard to disease type and selection of PCR primers.We have evaluated two approaches based on amplification of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene using frame work 2 (Fr2) and framework 3 (Fr3) region primers. Frozen tissue samples from 94 cases of low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma were investigated, all of which had previously been shown to be monoclonal by Southern blot analysis. Using a Fr2 primer, we were able to show monoclonality in 85 per cent of cases; with Fr3, 80 per cent of cases; and using both techniques in separate reactions, 90 per cent of cases.Thus, a significant false‐negative rate exists with either primer which can be reduced by using both. We also found a difference in the efficiency of detection in different types of lymphoma; only 87 percent of mucosa‐associated lymphomas and centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas were shown to be monoclonal, whereas all of the other lymphoma types tested were positive using one or both methods.We conclude that PCR detection of B‐cell monoclonality allows rapid analysis of tissue samples, including paraffin‐processed material. False‐negative results which occur in some types of lymphoma can be reduced by the use of two or more primer combinations.
Gene rearrangement of bcl‐1 and bcl‐2 is confined to distinct subgroups of high‐grade malignant B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Ott M. Michaela , Dahlheimer Kathrin , Müller‐Hermelink Hans K. , Feller Alfred C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe occurrence of bcl‐1 and bcl‐2 gene rearrangements was investigated in 37 cases of high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas. Bcl‐2 rearrangement was detectable only in single cases of primary centroblastic lymphoma with a follicular growth pattern, whereas secondary centroblastic lymphomas evolving from a centroblastic–centrocytic lymphoma were positive in up to 60 per cent of the cases analysed. Bcl‐1 rearrangement was found only in one case of immunoblastic B‐cell lymphoma with a history of a pre‐existing lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma. It is concluded that there may be a subgroup of centroblastic lymphomas with a biology similar to that of centroblastic–centrocytic lymphomas. The detection of bcl‐1 rearrangement in high‐grade lymphomas may indicate a secondary high‐grade lymphoma.
Establishment and characterization of a new human clear‐cell sarcoma cell‐line, HS‐MM
Authors: Sonobe Hiroshi , Furihata Mutsuo , Iwata Jun , Ohtsuki Yuji , Mizobuchi Hiroo , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Kumano Osamu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have established and morphologically characterized a new human clear‐cell sarcoma cell‐line, HS‐MM, from the pleural effusion of a 39‐year‐old man with pulmonary metastasis derived from the primary popliteal tumour. The HS‐MM cells were round or spindle‐shaped, with round nuclei containing extremely prominent nucleoli. Light microscopically, the heterotransplanted nude mouse tumours showed essentially the same features as those of the original sarcoma, revealing an alveolar pattern of tumour cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. Both in vitro and in vivo, the cells reacted with anti‐S‐100 protein and melanoma‐specific HMB 45 antibodies by immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained round euchromatin‐rich nuclei with large nuclcoli revealing conspicuous nucleolonema, and a large amount of glycogen and a few lysosomal dense bodies, but no premelanosomes in their cytoplasm. The HS‐MM cell line was thus fully proven to exhibit the unique characteristics of a clear cell sarcoma both in vitro and in vivo, being also compatible with an amelanotic melanoma. This cell line will therefore be extremely useful for clinicopathological and histogenetic studies on clear cell sarcomas.
Expression of the pro‐opiomelanocortin gene in lung neuroendocrine tumours: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies
Authors: Black M. , Carey F. A. , Farquharson M. A. , Murray G. D. , McNicol A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumours of the lung may be associated with the ectopic adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) syndrome and may synthesize and secrete ACTH‐related peptides in the absence of the syndrome. However, immunocytochemical analysis may not confirm these biochemical findings, particularly in small cell carcinoma, which is poorly granulated. To investigate further the morphological evidence for expression of the pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in neuroendocrine lung tumours, we have examined a series of 46 small cell carcinomas and 13 carcinoid tumours of the lung by in situ hybridization for POMC mRNA using a digoxigenin‐labelled oligoprobe. We have compared the findings with the immunocytochemical detection of ACTH and β‐endorphin. In situ hybridization was positive in 15 of 46 small cell carcinomas (33 per cent) and in 8 of 13 carcinoid tumours (62 per cent). Immunocytochemical staining was positive in only one carcinoid tumour. These in situ hybridization studies have corroborated biochemical data indicating POMC gene expression in a high proportion of lung neuroendocrine tumours. This suggests that the low levels of expression detected by immunocytochemistry may be due to low levels of hormone storage. Multivariate analysis showed a weak negative association between POMC expression and survival in small cell carcinomas, although this did not reach statistical significance.
Demonstration of pro‐opiomelanocortin mRNA in pituitary adenomas and para‐adenomatous gland in cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome
Authors: Fehn Marita , Farquharson Maura A. , Sautner Doris , Saeger Wolfgang , Lüdecke Dieter K. , McNicol Anne M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA was demonstrated in pituitary adenomas from 16 patients with Cushing's disease and 10 with Nelson's syndrome. The intensity of signal was significantly greater in Nelson's syndrome than in Cushing's disease and there was a trend towards a greater proportion of positive cells. This probably reflects inhibition of POMC gene expression by the high circulating levels of cortisol in Cushing's disease. In the para‐adenomatous gland, the intensity of signal was variable in cells showing Crooke's hyaline change, ranging from negative to strongly positive, in keeping with the functional heterogeneity of corticotrophs. In one case, junctional corticotrophs were present and these were more intensely stained than anterior lobe corticotrophs in the same gland. This supports the concept that these cells are subject to different regulatory influences from corticotrophs in the anterior lobe. Whether this is related to differences in embryological origins or to local factors is at present unclear.
Manganese superoxide dismutase content and localization in human thyroid tumours
Authors: Nishida Shozo , Akai Fumiharu , Iwasaki Hiromitsu , Hosokawa Kouichi , Kusunoki Takashi , Suzuki Keiichiro , Taniguchl Naoyuki , Hashimoto Shigeo , Tamura Takanori T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractManganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) content and its immunohistochemical localization in human thyroid tumours and some other thyroid diseases were examined and compared with adjacent normal thyroid tissue. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used in this study for the measurement of Mn‐SOD. The content of Mn‐SOD tended to increase in diffuse hyperplasia, adenomatous goitre, and foliicular adenoma. In papillary carcinoma, it was significantly higher than in adjacent normal thyroid tissue. Foliicular carcinoma also revealed a markedly high Mn‐SOD conient. In the immunohistochemicai study, adjaceni normal thyroid tissue showed granular positive staining of Mn‐SOD in the cytoplasm. An increase of Mn‐SOD was observed in the papillary proliferative lesion of diffuse hyperplasia and in the follicles adjacent to lymphoid tissue in chronic thyroiditis with hypothyroidism. Strong positive staining of Mn‐SOD was observed in papillary and foliicular carcinomas, whereas in anaplastic carcinoma staining was markedly less intense. These results indicate that the Mn‐SOD content varies according to the degree of differentiation of thyroid carcinomas.
Expression of large intestinal mucin antigen (LIMA) epitopes in the normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Pilbrow Simon J. , Hertzog Paul J. , Pingzower Gideon D. , Linnane Anthony W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study has identified the expression in normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal (GI) tract of epitopes on the colonic mucin LIMA (large intestinal mucin antigen), which are unique markers of normal colonic differentiation. Six anti‐LIMA monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (22D4, 9B5, 2C3, 23B2, 46A2, and 10B3) were studied immunohistochemically in normal GI tract, colorectal adenomas, and colorectal and gastric cancers. All MAbs showed specificities consistent with distinct epitopes, five of which were neuraminidase‐resistant and four periodate‐sensitive. Each reacted with mucin in 60–100 per cent normal colons—MAbs 10B3 an 23B2 also with small intestinal mucin—but none with gastric mucin. Five MAbs showed crypt and regional gradients in normal colon. MAbs, 22D4, 9B5, and 2C3 showing a hierarchy of reactivities in the crypt. Individual adenomas showed decreasing goblet cell (GC) LIMA expression with increasing size. However, 30 per cent of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients had generalized background losses of 9B5 and 2C3 GC reactivity, retaining 22D4, whilst 44 per cent of non‐FAP patients lost 22D4 GC reactivity, regaining 9B5 and 2C3—evidence for polymorphism of mucin expression. All colorectal cancers expressed LIMA epitopes (frequently weaker than normal), and three MAbs (22D4, 9B5, and 2C3) showed deeper than normal staining in adjacent crypts. Eighty‐five per cent of gastric cancers also expressed LIMA epitopes.
Expression of the nuclear membrane protein statin in cycling cells
Authors: Ansari Bijan , Dover Robin , Gillmore Caroline P. , Hall Peter A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStatin is a 57 kD protein previously reported to be expressed by cells in G0. We have studied the detailed distribution of statin immunoreactivity in normal human and rat tissues, and correlated this with investigation of in vitro model systems. By laser confocal microscopy, statin immunoreactivity is localized to the nuclear membrane. In contrast to previous reports, using in vitro model systems we found that statin was also expressed by replicating cells as judged by both co‐localization with [3H]thymidine‐labelled and Ki67‐labelled cells. Furthermore, in a nude mouse xenograft model the number of statin‐labelled cells exceeded the number of quiescent cells as assessed by both fraction of labelled mitosis methods and labelling with [3H]thymidine and Ki67. We conclude that although there is an association between expression of the 57 kD nuclear membrane protein statin and growth arrest, this is not absolute and it is expressed in a sub‐population of cycling cells. The properties of statin closely resemble those of nuclear lamins, members of the intermediate filament family.
p53 Immunoreactivity in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the uterine cervix
Authors: Bosari Silvano , Roncalli Massimo , Viale Giuseppe , Bossi Paola , Coggi Guido 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunoreactivity for the tumour suppressor gene product p53 is commonly found in many different human malignancies and few premalignant lesions. Data on cervical neoplasms, however, are still lacking. We retrospectively investigated p53 immunoreactivity in 92 lesions of the uterine cervix, including 44 cases of chronic cervicitis, 29 squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), and 19 invasive carcinomas. p53 immunoreactivity confined to the basal cell layer, was detected in 74 per cent of cases showing chronic cervicitis and in all cases with low‐grade SILs. Conversely, suprabasal and/or diffuse p53 immunoreactivity was exclusively demonstrated in 25 per cent of high‐grade SILs and in 74 per cent of invasive carcinomas. The results of this investigation document a high prevalence of p53‐immunoreactive malignant tumours of the uterine cervix. In high‐grade SILs, p53‐immunoreactive cells paralleled the height of involvement by dysplastic changes within the squamous epithelium. A prolonged half‐life of the protein is the most likely explanation for the occurrence of p53 immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. The unexpected finding of p53‐immunoreactive cells in inflammatory lesions, though possibly related to an increased proliferation rate of the basal cell compartment, requires further study and underlines the need for a careful approach to p53 immunocytochemistry.