bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevention of plaque re‐growth by toothpastes and solutions containing block copolymers with and without polypeptide
Authors: Claydon N. C. , Addy M. , Newcombe R. , Moran J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground/Aims: Chemicals which have a direct effect at inhibiting or reducing bacterial adherence to tooth surfaces may subsequently inhibit plaque growth and reduce gingival inflammation. This study investigated whether two anti‐adherent systems could inhibit plaque re‐growth in the mouth when rinsed as a solution or as a toothpaste slurry.Methods: A total of 21 subjects took part in a partially blind, seven cell cross‐over study which compared the effects on plaque re‐growth of a binary system containing block copolymers, a ternary system containing block copolymers and polypeptide, both used as toothpaste slurry rinses, their corresponding solution rinses, a conventional fluoride toothpaste rinse, a positive control chlorhexidine rinse and a negative water control. Following a dental prophylaxis subjects then rinsed with 10 ml of one of the test products for 1 min. twice a day over a 4‐day period. Throughout each trial period the subjects were not permitted to use any other forms of oral hygiene. On the fifth day (96 h), the volunteers returned to the clinic, and plaque was assessed by (1) plaque index and (2) plaque area following disclosing with a food dye. The test phase of the trial was repeated for each agent and was followed by a 10‐day “washout” period.Results: Essentially neither of the anti‐adherent systems inhibited plaque re‐growth, whether administered in a toothpaste slurry or solution compared with the controls. If anything, neither of the test pastes were as effective as the marketed commercial paste (p<0.001). As expected plaque recorded following use of the chlorhexidine rinse was significantly less than that seen with any of the other rinses (p<0.001).Conclusions: Using this 4‐day plaque re‐growth model, the findings of this study failed to show any benefit in using the anti‐adherent systems, either in a rinse or toothpaste, with the aim of inhibiting or reducing plaque formation.
Effect of periodic preventive care on the progression of periodontal disease in young adults with Down's syndrome
Authors: Yoshihara Toshihiro , Morinushi Takanobu , Kinjyo Sachiko , Yamasaki Youichi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: To examine the effect of periodic preventive care on the progression of periodontal disease in 24 young adults with Down's syndrome (DS) (mean age±SD: 20.8±5.6 years)Material and Methods: Subjects were divided into two groups: 13 subjects who had frequently visited our clinic (mean interval between visits: 3.7±1.3 months; managed group) and 11 subjects who had not visited our clinic for more than 1 year (mean duration of no visits: 27.5±10.1 months; interrupted group). The progression of periodontal disease in the subjects was evaluated clinically, microbiologically and roentgenologically.Results: Clinical parameters (probing depth, frequency of the presence of a pathological periodontal pocket, alveolar bone loss, frequency of the incidence of pathological bone loss, and modified total PMA (M‐PMA)) and benzoyl‐dl‐arginine‐naphthylamide (BANA) scores in the interrupted group were significantly higher than those in the managed group. Subject age showed significant positive correlations with probing depth and alveolar bone loss. BANA scores showed significant positive correlations with probing depth, alveolar bone loss and M‐PMA in the interrupted group.Conclusions: The results suggest that periodic preventive care is effective for suppressing the progression of periodontal disease in young adults with DS.
Fibrin clot adhesion to dentin conditioned with protein constructs: an in vitro proof‐of‐principle study
Authors: Baker David L. , Stanley Pavlow Sarah A. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: Periodontal regeneration is contingent on the adsorption, uninterrupted adhesion, and maturation of a fibrin clot to a periodontally compromised root surface. Clot adhesion appears vitally dependent on the formation of a resilient union between the clot and the root surface. Root surface demineralization will remove a root surface smear layer exposing dentin tubules and collagen matrix for enhanced clot adhesion. Recently, protein constructs have been introduced to condition the root during periodontal surgery. The effect of such root conditioning on clot adhesion has not been clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate clot adhesion to protein conditioned dentin surfaces.Methods: Human dentin blocks (4 × 6 × 1 mm) were exposed to a saturated citric acid solution (CA) or a commercial ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) preparation using standardized protocols. Some dentin blocks were additionally conditioned with proteins, either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or an enamel matrix protein preparation (EMP). Fresh human whole blood was applied to the blocks. The blood was allowed to clot for 20 min. in a humidified chamber. The dentin blocks were rinsed 3 × 5 min. in phosphate‐buffered saline under standardized conditions to test clot adhesion. They were then processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two masked examiners independently evaluated the SEM images.Results: CA removed the dentin smear layer, exposing dentin tubules and collagen. EDTA appeared less efficacious leaving smear layer residues. The BSA or EMP application resulted in a surface morphology similar to that of a smear layer. Fibrin clot adhesion was best supported by the CA‐treated dentin surface. Forces produced by the rinse protocol partially removed the fibrin clot from EDTA‐treated surfaces. BSA‐ or EMP‐treated surfaces poorly retained the fibrin clot.Conclusions: CA surface demineralization removes a dentin surface smear layer to promote adhesion of a fibrin clot. The EDTA gel appears less effective. Further conditioning of the dentin surface with protein constructs produces a surface morphology similar to that of the smear layer with poor fibrin clot retention.
Approximal plaque and gingival sulcus bleeding in routine dental care patients: relations to life stress, somatization and depression
Authors: Klages Ulrich , Weber Andreas Gordon , Wehrbein Heinrich 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: Previous research on relations between life stress and periodontal conditions was often based on indicators of periodontal destruction history and stimulus‐specific measures of life stress. The present study was undertaken to compare patients showing different degrees of gingival sulcus bleeding with patients without signs of bleeding, using an instrument measuring cognitive impacts of events and assessing reported symptoms of depression and somatization. Additionally the patient groups were compared with regard to dental status and dental visiting behaviour. Analog comparisons were conducted in patients with different degrees of approximal plaque.Materials and Methods: 140 routine dental care patients attending a private dental practice were examined. Measurement devices were the sulcus bleeding index (SBI), the approximal plaque index (API), the Dental Avoidance Scale, the Life Experience Survey (LES), the Impact of Event Scale with the subtests cognitive intrusion and cognitive avoidance, and the SCL‐90‐R subscales somatization and depression.Results: Patients with high API scores differed from their zero‐score counterparts in dental avoidance and time since last visit only. By contrast, subjects scoring high in the SBI not only had more missing teeth and reported more dental avoidance than their zero‐score counterparts but also had elevated scores in intrusive and avoidant thoughts related to a stressful event as well as in symptoms of somatization and depression. No difference was found for the measure of stimulus specific recent life events (LES).Conclusions: The results suggest that cognitive preoccupation with adverse events and the presence of somatization and depression symptoms might play a role in gingival inflammation.
The effect of a dexibuprofen mouth rinse on experimental gingivitis in humans
Authors: Rosin M. , Kähler S. T. , Hessler M. , Schwahn Ch. , Kuhr A. , Kocher T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: The pharmacodynamic properties of ibuprofen are related nearly exclusively to the S(+)enantiomer (dexibuprofen). This study investigated the effect of a 1.5% dexibuprofen mouth rinse in an experimentally induced gingivitis.Materials and Methods: The trial was a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, two‐period and two‐sequence parallel group cross‐over study in 24 healthy volunteers aged 21–30 years (16 males, eight females). Customized guards were worn during tooth brushing to prevent any plaque removal from the experimental area (first and second pre‐molars and molars in one upper quadrant). After 22 days of plaque accumulation, the mouth rinses (1.5% dexibuprofen and placebo) were administered under supervision three times daily (rinsing for 1 min. with 15 ml) for 8 days. The wash‐out time between the two study periods was 14 days. Parameters evaluated at days 0, 7, 14, 22, and 30 were the Löe & Silness gingival index (GI) and the Quigley & Hein plaque index (QHI). Data were tested for treatment, period, and carry‐over effects (parametric cross‐over analysis).Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.240) in GI between placebo and dexibuprofen. However, the decrease in QHI was significantly greater (p=0.019) with dexibuprofen as compared with the placebo.Conclusion: In the present study, a 1.5% dexibuprofen mouth rinse had no effect on gingivitis whereas an anti‐plaque effect was demonstrated.
Relationship between maternal periodontal disease and low‐birth‐weight pre‐term infants
Authors: Moreu Gerardo , Téllez Luís , González‐Jaranay Maximino 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of periodontal status on low‐birth‐weight pre‐term delivery.Material and Methods: Ninety‐six pregnant women were examined in their first, second and third trimester to record plaque scores, clinically assessed gingival inflammation and probing depth (mean depth and percentage of sites with depth of >3 mm). Binary logistic regression analyses were performed using SUDAAN 7.5 program. The type 1 (α) error established at 0.05 and an (α) error of 0.05–0.1 were considered nearly significant.Results: The 96 women delivered 89 newborns: 16 were pre‐term and seven of these were of low birth weight. There were seven miscarriages, all in the second trimester. No statistically significant association was found between gestational age and periodontal parameters. No significant relationship was found between low‐weight delivery and plaque index measurements, although the association with gingival index was close to significant. A relationship was observed between low‐weight birth and probing depth measurements, especially the percentage of sites of >3 mm depth, which was statistically significant (p=0.0038) even when gestational age was controlled for.Conclusions: According to these results, periodontal disease is a significant risk factor for low birth weight but not for pre‐term delivery.
Gingival tissue proteoglycan and chondroitin‐4‐sulphate levels in cyclosporin A‐induced gingival overgrowth and the effects of initial periodontal treatment
Authors: Vardar Saynur , Baylas Haluk , Zihnioğlu Figen , Buduneli Nurcan , Emingil Gülnur , Atilla Gül 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplant patients to prevent graft rejection. CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth is one of the side effects of this drug and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The present study was planned to comparatively analyse total proteoglycan (PG) and chondroitin‐4‐sulphate (C4S) levels in CsA‐induced overgrown gingival tissue samples obtained before and after initial periodontal treatment and to compare these findings with the situation in healthy gingiva.Material and Methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained from nine patients with CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth before and 4 weeks after initial periodontal treatment including oral hygiene instruction and scaling and also from 10 healthy control subjects. Total PG and C4S levels were determined by biochemical techniques. PG levels were analysed using modified Bitter and Muir method. C4S assay was carried out using chondroitin sulphate lyase AC and chondroitin‐6 sulphate sulphohydrolase enzymes. The results were tested statistically using non‐parametric tests.Results: All clinical measurements in the CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth group demonstrated significant reductions 4 weeks after initial periodontal treatment (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the levels of baseline total PG in CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth and healthy control groups (p>0.05). The gingival tissue levels of PG in CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth group decreased significantly 4 weeks after treatment (p=0.043). Gingival tissue C4S levels in the overgrowth group were significantly higher than the healthy control group at baseline (p=0.000). C4S levels of the overgrowth group were significantly reduced after treatment (p=0.033), but these levels were still significantly higher than the healthy control group (p=0.000).Conclusion: The observed prominent increase in gingival tissue C4S levels may be interpreted as a sign of an increase in C4S synthesis in CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth. Furthermore, remission of clinical inflammation by means of initial periodontal treatment had a positive effect on tissue levels of these extracellular matrix molecules.
Proportional distribution of the red complex and its individual pathogens after sample storage using the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization technique
Authors: Katsoulis Joannis , Lang Niklaus P. , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Information on the impact of sample storage prior to analysis by DNA methods is limited.Aims: To investigate the effect of microbial sample storage on bacterial detection and proportional distribution of the red complex and its individual pathogens.Material and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were analysed by (1) immediate processing, (2) after storage at +4°C for 6 weeks, (3) after storage at −20°C for 6 months or (4) after storage at −20°C for 12 months using the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.Results: Proportional distribution of the red complex did not differ between the first three protocols. However, the total bacterial DNA for pathogens studied decreased significantly in protocols 3 and 4. Relative amounts of Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola remained stable in the second protocols and changed in an unpredictable way if stored for 6 or 12 months.Conclusions: Results from samples stored for maximum 6 months at −20°C with high proportional amounts of the red complex and T. denticola may be used as an indicator of persistence. All bacterial samples for DNA extraction should be processed following a standardized storage protocol (i.e. samples stored at +4°C for maximum 6 weeks) in order to get comparable qualitative and quantitative results for total DNA, bacterial complexes and individual pathogens. Most representative results are yielded if processing and hybridization could be performed immediately after sampling.
Periodontal healing in one‐wall intra‐bony defects in dogs following implantation of autogenous bone or a coral‐derived biomaterial
Authors: Kim Chang‐Sung , Choi Seong‐Ho , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Chai Jung‐Kiu , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Kim Chong‐Kwan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim: Autogenous bone grafts and bone biomaterials are being used as part of protocols aiming at reconstruction of periodontal defects. There is a limited biologic information on the effect of such materials on periodontal healing, in particular aberrant healing events that may prevent their general use. The objective of this study was, using histological techniques, to evaluate periodontal healing with focus on root resorption and ankylosis following implantation of autogenous bone and a coral‐derived biomaterial into intra‐bony defects in dogs.Methods: One‐wall intra‐bony periodontal defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the mesial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in either right or left jaw quadrants in four Beagle dogs. Each animal received particulated autogenous bone and the resorbable calcium carbonate biomaterial into discrete one‐wall intra‐bony defects. The mucoperiosteal flaps were positioned and sutured to their pre‐surgery position. The animals were euthanized 8 weeks post‐surgery when block sections of the defect sites were collected and prepared for qualitative histological analysis.Results: There were no significant differences in periodontal healing between sites receiving autograft bone and the coral‐derived biomaterial. A well‐organized periodontal ligament bridging new bone and cementum regeneration was observed extending coronal to a notch prepared to delineate the apical extent of the defect. Osteoid and bone with enclosed osteocytes were formed onto the surface of both autograft and coral particles. Although small resorption pits were evident in most teeth, importantly none of the biomaterials provoked marked root resorption. Ankylosis was not observed.Conclusion: Particulated autogenous bone and the coral‐derived biomaterial may be implanted into periodontal defects without significant healing aberrations such as root resorption and ankylosis. The histopathological evaluation suggests that the autogenous bone graft has a limited osteogenic potential as demonstrated in this study model.
Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the Nd:Yap laser for the initial treatment of adult periodontitis
Authors: Ambrosini Pascal , Miller Neal , Briançon Serge , Gallina Sébastien , Penaud Jacques 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Enhancement of the results obtained by scaling and planing is most often sought by using antimicrobial therapies. Laser beams have been shown to be bactericidal and could possibly target pathogens more effectively and with fewer compliance problems than antiseptic solutions.Methods: Thirty subjects 20–60 years old presenting periodontal pockets at least 5 mm deep in each quadrant received initial periodontal treatment. The study had a split‐mouth design. The control side (SRP) only received scaling and planing, and the test side (SRP+laser) was treated by both SRP and Nd:Yap (yttrium aluminum perovskite doped with neodym) laser. Clinical conditions were evaluated at day 0 and day 90 using the plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Microbial sampling was also performed on days 0 and 90, and the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola was analysed by polymerase chain reaction in a commercial laboratory. Post‐operative pain or discomfort was measured by the patient using a linear visual scale. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to compare bacterial presence.Results: There was no statistically significant difference concerning clinical data between test and control groups at baseline. Both treatments enhanced the clinical situation compared to baseline; however, results were not significantly different between the two groups. T. forsythensis was the organism most numerous in both groups. Though initial treatment diminished the numbers of all the pathogens it did not do so statistically significantly. Differences between test and control groups were very small and bore no significance. Evaluation of the post‐operative pain did not reveal any differences between the groups.Conclusions: Scaling and root planing was effective in reducing levels of plaque, inflammation, and bleeding upon probing. No additional advantage was achieved by using the Nd:Yap laser.
Melanoma cell lines are susceptible to histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA provoked cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Peltonen Karita , Kiviharju Taija M. , Järvinen Päivi M. , Ra Runar , Laiho Marikki 
Published: May 2005

SummaryMelanoma is the most aggressive of skin cancers because of its high resistance to currently available therapy. Although melanoma cells often retain wild‐type p53 tumour suppressor protein and express it at high levels, the p53 mediated apoptosis pathway is suppressed. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a promising group of compounds inducing differentiation, growth arrest and apoptosis in tumour cells in preclinical studies. We have studied the cellular effects of trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor, in a panel of melanoma cell lines and its mechanism of action in relation to p53. TSA stabilized wild‐type p53, but p53 protein accumulation was overridden by simultaneous downregulation of p53 mRNA leading to a decrease in p53 protein. While growth arrest was induced in all cell lines studied and apoptosis in most (6/7), these cellular effects were independent of the p53 status of the cells. Inhibiting p53 function by a dominant negative p53 (p53175His) confirmed that the HDAC inhibitor induced apoptosis was independent of wild‐type p53, even though TSA slightly activated p53 in a reporter assay. The results indicate that while the action of TSA is independent of p53, the activation of the apoptosis pathway by the HDAC inhibitors may provide therapeutic approaches for melanoma treatment.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors and malignant melanoma
Authors: Boyle Glen M. , Martyn Adam C. , Parsons Peter G. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe search for antimelanoma agents acting by terminal differentiation via the pigmentation pathway has so far been unsuccessful, in part because of tumor heterogeneity and loss of function of pigmentation genes. Some differentiation agents, however, have emerged as inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC), with consequences for chromosome remodeling, cell cycle arrest and selective toxicity in cultured melanoma cells compared with normal melanocytes. Few effects have been found on pigmentation, except paradoxically the down‐regulation of TRP‐1. Of the many genes regulated by HDAC inhibitors, induction of p21WAF1/Cip1 is the most consistent finding and is associated with G1 or G2 phase blocks. Some melanoma cell lines appear to lack an HDAC inhibitor‐specific G2 checkpoint and viability is thus compromised by dividing with inappropriately‐modified chromatin. Most cultured melanoma cells undergo apoptosis following treatment with HDAC inhibitors, via a mitochondrial and caspase‐dependent pathway. However, the molecular mechanism may vary with cell line and HDAC inhibitor class. Tumor selectivity cannot yet be attributed to specific types or levels of HDACs, nor has the possibility of acetylation of non‐histone targets been excluded. Elucidation of these complexities may be rewarding, in terms of directing the multiple consequences of inhibiting histone deacetylation towards overcoming the therapeutic problems of melanoma heterogeneity and emergence of resistance. Success in the clinic may require combination with agents that synergize with the cell cycle blocking and pro‐apoptotic action of HDAC inhibitors.