bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
War-related psychological stressors and risk of psychological disorders in Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War
Authors: Ikin Jillian F. , Sim Malcolm R. , Creamer Mark C. , Forbes Andrew B. , McKenzie Dean P. , Kelsall Helen L. , Glass Deborah C. , McFarlane Alexander C. , Abramson Michael J. , Ittak Peter , Dwyer Terry , Blizzard Leigh , Delaney Kerry R. , Horsley Keith W. A. , Harrex Warren K. , Schwarz Harry 
Published: July 2004

BackgroundQuestions remain about the long-term health impacts of the 1991 Gulf War on its veterans.AimsTo measure psychological disorders in Australian Gulf War veterans and a military comparison group and to explore any association with exposure to Gulf War-related psychological stressors.MethodPrevalences of DSM–IV psychological disorders were measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Gulf War-related psychological stressors were measured using a service experience questionnaire.ResultsA total of 31% of male Gulf War veterans and 21% of the comparison group met criteria for a DSM–IVdisorder first present in the post-Gulf War period. The veterans were at greater risk of developing post-Gulf War anxiety disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder, affective disorders and substance use disorders. The prevalence of such disorders remained elevated a decade after deployment. The findings can be explained partly as a ‘war-deployment effect‘. There was a strong dose–response relationship between psychological disorders and number of reported Gulf War-related psychological stressors.ConclusionsService in the 1991 Gulf War is associated with increased risk of psychological disorders and these are related to stressful experiences.
Behavioural interventions in the rehabilitation of acute v. chronic non-organic (conversion/factitious) motor disorders
Authors: Shapiro Allan P. , Teasell Robert W. 
Published: July 2004

BackgroundRepeated case series have documented the effectiveness of multidisciplinary in-patient behavioural treatment for conversion disorders. However, in the absence of controlled research, treatment success could be attributed to providing patients with a face-saving opportunity to get better.AimsThe present study contrasts two behavioural treatments to elucidate the factors underlying successful in-patient rehabilitation of this population.MethodThirty-nine patients underwent a standard behavioural programme. Using a crossover design, patients who did not improve underwent a strategic-behavioural treatment in which they and their families were told that full recovery constituted proof of an organic aetiology whereas failure to recover was definitive proof of a psychiatric aetiology.ResultsChart review indicated that the standard behavioural treatment was effective for 8/9 ‘acute’ patients but only for 1/28 ‘chronic’ patients. Of the 21 patients with chronic motor disorder who then under went the strategic-behavioural intervention, 13 were symptom-free at discharge.ConclusionsThe strategic intervention was superior to standard behavioural treatment for patients with chronic motor disorder. Treatment components previously deemed critical for the effectiveness of behavioural treatment may be unnecessary.
Systematic assessments of need and care planning in severe mental illness
Authors: Marshall M. , Lockwood A. , Green G. , Zajac-Roles G. , Roberts C. , Harrison G. 
Published: July 2004

BackgroundSurveys have shown high levels of unmet need in representative samples of people with severe mental illness. Introducing standardised needs assessment into the care planning process might reduce these needs and improve outcome.AimsTo determine whether feedback from a standardised assessment of need enhances the effectiveness of care planning and whether exposing care coordinators to feedback on some patients improves their care of other patients.MethodA single-blind, cluster-randomised trial involving a within-cluster individually randomised arm: patients' needs were evaluated using the Cardinal Needs Schedule and the findings were fed back to their care coordinators under the care programme approach. Atotal of 304 patients were recruited from 72 care coordinators and 242 patients (79.6%) were reassessed at 12 months.ResultsThe only significant effect of the intervention was on patient satisfaction. Patients cluster-randomised to receive feedback were more satisfied than controls, but patients individually randomised to receive feedback were not.ConclusionsStandardised needs assessment did not substantially enhance care planning in this trial. However, giving care coordinators some experience of feedback from a standardised assessment of need could improve satisfaction.
Social cognition and face processing in schizophrenia
Authors: Hall Jeremy , Harris Jonathan M. , Sprengelmeyer Reiner , Sprengelmeyer Anke , Young Andrew W. , Santos Isabel M. , Johnstone Eve C. , Lawrie Stephen M. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryStudies of face processing have begun to elucidate the brain regions involved in social cognition, which include frontal and temporal regions known to be reduced in volume in schizophrenia. In this case-control study participants with schizophrenia (n=20) showed marked deficits in their ability to interpret social cues from faces, and those experiencing positive symptoms were impaired in recognising even basic facial emotions.
Impact of stressful life events, familial loading and their interaction on the onset of mood disorders
Authors: Hillegers Manon H. J. , Burger Hubert , Wals Marjolein , Reichart Catrien G. , Verhulst Frank C. , Nolen Willem A. , Ormel Johan 
Published: July 2004

BackgroundStressful life events are established as risk factors for the onset of mood disorders, but few studies have investigated their impact on the development of mood disorders in adolescents.AimsTo study the effect of life events on the development of mood disorders in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, with respect to the possibility of a decay effect and modification by familial loading.MethodIn a high-risk cohort of 140 Dutch adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, we assessed life events, current and past DSM–IV diagnoses and familial loading. To explore their interaction and impact on mood disorder onset, we constructed four different models and used a multivariate survival analysis with time-dependent covariates.ResultsThe relationship between life events and mood disorder was described optimally with a model in which the effects of life events gradually decayed by 25% per year. The effect of life event load was not significantly stronger in the case of high familial loading.ConclusionsIndependent of familial loading, life events increase the liability to mood disorders in children of patients with bipolar disorder but the effects slowly diminish with time.
Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Cisplatin Chemoradiotherapy for Organ Preservation and Cure in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Psyrri A. , Kwong M. , DiStasio S. , Lekakis L. , Kassar M. , Sasaki C. , Wilson L.D. , Haffty B.G. , Son Y.H. , Ross D.A. , Weinberger P.M. , Chung G.G. , Zelterman D. , Burtness B.A. , Cooper D.L. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose The poor functional outcome in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with surgery and radiation has led to alternative approaches to advanced disease. We conducted a phase II study of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy for organ preservation in patients with advanced resectable and unresectable (nasopharyngeal) tumors. Patients and Methods Forty-two patients with stage III to IV resectable HNSCC and nasopharyngeal tumors received induction chemotherapy with two courses of cisplatin (20 mg/m2/d continuous infusion [CI]), fluorouracil (800 mg/m2/d CI), and leucovorin (500 mg/m2/d CI; PFL) for 4 days followed by concurrent therapy with cisplatin (100 mg/m2/d on days 1 and 22) and approximately 70 Gy of external-beam radiotherapy. Results Response to induction chemotherapy included partial response rate of 52% and complete response rate of 24%. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicity was neutropenia (59%). After cisplatin chemoradiotherapy the complete response rate was 67%. Toxicities of cisplatin chemoradiotherapy consisted of grade 3 or 4 mucositis (79%) and neutropenia (51%). At a median follow-up of 71.5 months, 43% of the patients are still alive and disease-free. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 60%, and the 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 67% and 52%, respectively. Three patients died of second primaries. Late complications of treatment included xerostomia and hoarseness. One patient had persistent dysphagia and required laser epiglotectomy 108 months after treatment. Conclusion Induction chemotherapy with PFL followed by concurrent cisplatin chemoradiotherapy is well tolerated and results in a good likelihood of organ preservation and excellent PFS and OS.
Review of Determinants of Patients’ Preferences for Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer
Authors: Jansen Sylvia J.T. , Otten Wilma , Stiggelbout Anne M. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose Many studies have determined cancer patients’ preferences for adjuvant therapy, for example, by asking patients the extent of benefit they would need in order to accept the therapy. However, little is known about the determinants that influence these preferences. Our research goal was to explore which determinants underlie patients’ preferences by means of a literature review. Methods PubMed searches were conducted to identify studies in which cancer patients’ preferences for adjuvant therapy had been elicited by means of a treatment preference instrument. Twenty-three papers were evaluated with regard to reported relationships between preferences and potential determinants. A total of 40 determinants were recorded and classified into one of seven categories: (1) treatment-related determinants, (2) sociodemographic characteristics and current quality of life, (3) clinical characteristics, (4) measurement instrument-related determinants, (5) time-related determinants, (6) cognitive/affective determinants, and (7) specialist-related determinants. Results The benefit and toxicity of treatment, experience of the treatment, and having dependents (eg, children) living at home were important determinants of patients’ preferences. Furthermore, qualitative data suggested that cognitive/affective and specialist-related determinants might have a large impact on patients’ treatment preferences. Conclusion Our results show that patients’ preferences cannot fully be explained on the basis of treatment-related determinants and patient and clinical characteristics. More research is needed in the area of cognitive/affective and specialist-related determinants because of the lack of quantitative results. Furthermore, we recommend carrying out larger studies in which the (internal) relationships between determinants and preferences are assessed in the context of a cognitive cost-benefit model.
Preliminary Results From a Phase II Trial of Conformal Radiation Therapy and Evaluation of Radiation-Related CNS Effects for Pediatric Patients With Localized Ependymoma
Authors: Merchant Thomas E. , Mulhern Raymond K. , Krasin Matthew J. , Kun Larry E. , Williams Tani , Li Chenghong , Xiong Xiaoping , Khan Raja B. , Lustig Robert H. , Boop Frederick A. , Sanford Robert A. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose We conducted a phase II trial of conformal radiation therapy (CRT) for localized childhood ependymoma to determine whether the irradiated volume could be reduced to decrease CNS-related side effects without diminishing the rate of disease control. Patients and Methods Between July 1997 and January 2003, 88 pediatric patients (median age, 2.85 ± 4.5 years) received CRT in which doses (59.4 Gy to 73 patients or 54.0 Gy after gross-total resection to 15 patients younger than 18 months) were administered to the gross tumor volume and a margin of 10 mm. Patients were categorized according to extent of resection (underwent gross total resection, n = 74; near-total resection, n = 6; subtotal resection, n = 8), prior chemotherapy (n = 16), tumor grade (anaplastic, n = 35), and tumor location (infratentorial, n = 68). An age-appropriate neurocognitive battery was administered before and serially after CRT. Results The median length of follow-up was 38.2 months (± 16.4 months); the 3-year progression-free survival estimate was 74.7% ± 5.7%. Local failure occurred in eight patients, distant failure in eight patients, and both in four patients. The cumulative incidence of local failure as a component of failure at 3 years was 14.8% ± 4.0%. Mean scores on all neurocognitive outcomes were stable and within normal limits, with more than half the cohort tested at or beyond 24 months. Conclusion Limited-volume irradiation achieves high rates of disease control in pediatric patients with ependymoma and results in stable neurocognitive outcomes.
Expression and the Biological Activities of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein Related Protein 1 in Rat Uterus during the Periimplantation Period
Authors: Tamura Kazuhiro , Hara Takahiko , Kutsukake Masahiko , Iwatsuki Ken , Yanagida Mayuko , Yoshie Mikihiro , Kogo Hiroshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
IGF binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) is highly expressed in the rat uterus around the time of implantation. In the present study, we determined the periimplantation localization of IGFBP-rP1 mRNA and assessed the effects of recombinant IGFBP-rP1 on the proliferative and prostacyclin (PGI2)-producing abilities of cultured endometrial cells early in pregnancy. IGFBP-rP1 mRNA was detected at high levels in endometrial stromal cells close to the smooth muscle of interimplantation sites around the time of implantation but absent from decidual zones surrounding the embryo. Differential uterine IGFBP-rP1 expression was also recognized in the delayed implanting pregnant model, but the level of mRNA decreased as decidual tissues formed in the decidualization model. Recombinant IGFBP-rP1 inhibited the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells in vitro and arrested them in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, IGFBP-rP1 significantly stimulated PGI2 synthesis and cyclooxygenase II mRNA expression in myometrial cells, both of which are essential molecules for successful implantation. These data suggest that IGFBP-rP1 is an implantation-associated protein and that it modulates the proliferation of rat uterine cells and their production of PGI2 during the periimplantation period.
Influence of Diabetes on the Exacerbation of an Inflammatory Response in Cardiovascular Tissue
Authors: Lu Huafei , Raptis Markos , Black Elena , Stan Maria , Amar Salomon , Graves Dana T. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Coronary artery disease results from an inflammatory process in blood vessels of afflicted individuals. This process is accelerated with diabetes for reasons that are largely unknown. Recent evidence indicates that infection at sites remote from the heart leads to bacteremia and endotoxemia, thereby stimulating systemic inflammation, which represents an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. We examined the inflammatory response of the heart/aorta of diabetic db/db mice that develop type II diabetes. Subcutaneous inoculation of lipopolysaccharide was used to mimic a local infection. This stimulated an up-regulation of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines via an endotoxemia that was significantly more rapid and more pronounced in the diabetic compared with normal mice. The 13- to 30-fold induction of key proinflammatory molecules in the heart/aorta of diabetic mice even exceeded that at the site of inoculation. Given that infection, bacteremia, and endotoxemia are relatively frequent events in humans, these results identify a putative mechanism for increased cardiovascular heart disease in diabetes.
Cooperative Activation of Lipolysis by Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C Pathways in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Fricke Katrin , Heitland Aleksandra , Maronde Erik 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn the present study, we investigate the coherence of signaling pathways leading to lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We observe two linear signaling pathways: one well known, acting via cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) activation, and a second one induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment involving protein kinase C (PKC) and MAPK. We demonstrate that both the PKA regulatory subunits RIα and RIIβ are expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and are responsible for the lipolytic effect mediated via the cAMP/PKA pathway. Inhibition of the PKA pathway by the selective PKA inhibitor Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS does not impair lipolysis induced by PKC activation, and neither PD98059 nor U0126, as known MAPK kinase inhibitors, changes the level of glycerol release caused by PKA activation, indicating no cross-talk between these two pathways when only one is activated. However, when both are activated, they act synergistically on glycerol release. Additional experiments focusing on this synergy show no involvement of MAPK phosphorylation and cAMP formation. Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase is similar upon stimulation of either pathway, but we demonstrate a difference in the ability of both PKA and the PKC pathway activation to phosphorylate perilipin, which in turn may be an explanation for the different maximal lipolytic effect of both pathways.
Preparation of Gold Nanoparticle–DNA Conjugates
Authors: Taton T. Andrew 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis unit describes the preparation of conjugates between nanometer‐scale gold particles and synthetic oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotide‐functionalized gold nanoparticles are finding increased use in both the construction of complex, tailored nanostructures and the optimization of DNA sequence analysis. The protocols in this unit outline the synthesis, purification, and characterization of nanoparticle‐DNA conjugates for applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology. Separate procedures are presented for nanoparticles functionalized with just one or a few oligonucleotide strands and for nanoparticles functionalized with a dense layer of oligonucleotide strands. The different physical and chemical properties of these two types of conjugates are discussed, as are their stability and utility in different environments.
Vibration control ability of multilayered composite material made of epoxy beam and polyurethane copolymer with shape memory effect
Authors: Heung Yang Jae , Chul Chun Byoung , Chung Yong‐Chan , Whan Cho Jae , Gyoo Cho Bong 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSandwich‐type layered composite material was prepared with epoxy beam and polyurethane copolymer that was synthesized from 4,4‐methylene bis (phenylisocyanate), poly(tetramethyleneglycol), and 1,4‐butanediol as a chain extender. As for the polyurethane, shape recovery was improved with higher content of hard segment, and the highest damping effect as judged by tan δ was observed at 30–35% hard segment. The composite material had better impact strength and higher tan δ than epoxy beam alone, but the superiority became less as more hard segment was incorporated. The interfacial binding force between polyurethane and the epoxy beam also decreased in proportion to the hard segment content. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 302–307, 2004
A mucoadhesive polymer prepared by template polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) for mucosal drug delivery
Authors: Oh Jung‐Min , Cho Chong‐Su , Choi Hoo‐Kyun 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe interpolymer complexes composed of PVA and PAA were prepared by template polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of PVA with different molecular weights and degrees of saponification. The carbonyl absorption band of the PAA in the PAA/PVA interpolymer complexes was shifted to a lower wavenumber due to H‐bonding between the carboxyl group of PAA and the hydroxyl group of PVA. The swelling ratio and the degree of dissolution of the PVA/PAA interpolymer complexes were dependent on the pH of the medium, the molecular weight, and the degree of saponification of the PVA. The release rate of a model drug, lidocaine, from the complexes decreased with increasing degree of saponification of the PVA due to the lower swelling degree of the complex. The adhesive force of the PVA/PAA interpolymer complexes with a plastic plate (poly propylene) was stronger than that of the commercial Carbopol 971P. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 327–331, 2004
Effects of systematic peripheral group deuteration on the low‐frequency resonance Raman spectra of myoglobin derivatives
Authors: Mak Piotr J. , Podstawka Edyta , Kincaid James R. , Proniewicz Leonard M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractResonance Raman spectra are reported for a series of systematically deuterated analogues of myoglobin in its deoxy state as well as for its CO and O2 adducts. Specifically, the myoglobin samples studied are those that have been reconstituted with deuterated protoheme analogues. These include the methine deuterated, protoheme‐d4; analogue bearing C2H3 groups at the 1, 3, 5, and 8 positions, protoheme‐d12; the species bearing C2H3 groups at the 1 and 3 positions only, 1,3‐protoheme‐d6; and the species bearing C2H3 groups at the 5 and 8 positions only, 5,8‐protoheme‐d6. While the results are generally consistent with previously reported data for synthetic metalloporphyrin models and previous studies of labeled heme proteins, the high‐quality low‐frequency RR data reported here reveal several important aspects of these low‐frequency modes. Of special interest is the fact that, using the two d6‐protoheme analogues, it is shown that certain modes are apparently localized on particular pyrrole rings, while others are localized on different rings; i.e., several of these low‐frequency modes are localized on one side of the heme. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Hippocampus 5‐HT1A‐receptors attenuate cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion and the increase in hippocampal but not nucleus accumbens 5‐HT
Authors: Müller Christian P. , Thönnessen Heike , Barros Marilia , Tomaz Carlos , Carey Robert J. , Huston Joseph P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCocaine induces an increase in hippocampal and nucleus accumbens (Nac) serotonin (5‐HT) concentration parallel to locomotor activation. Both effects can be modulated by systemic 5‐HT1A‐receptor agonism/antagonism. Given the contribution of the hippocampus to spontaneous behavioral activity, these observations suggest a role for hippocampal 5‐HT as well in the modulation of cocaine effects on behavior. To determine the role of hippocampal 5‐HT1A‐receptors in cocaine effects on behavior and hippocampal 5‐HT release, we used in vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats. The 5‐HT1A‐receptor agonist, 8‐OH‐DPAT (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM), was applied locally into the hippocampus by reversed dialysis followed by a cocaine (10 mg/kg) or saline i.p. injection. The hippocampal 5‐HT1A‐receptor activation attenuated cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion and rearing behavior dose‐dependently. Parallel to that, the cocaine‐induced 5‐HT increase was attenuated dose‐dependently in the hippocampus but was left unaffected in the Nac. The intra‐hippocampal application of 8‐OH‐DPAT affected neither behavioral activity nor 5‐HT concentration in the hippocampus and in the Nac. In accord with these findings, hippocampal 5‐HT1A‐receptors may not be directly involved in the regulation of spontaneous behavior or basal 5‐HT concentration in the hippocampus and Nac. However, the results indicate an inhibitory role of hippocampal 5‐HT1A‐receptors in cocaine‐induced hyperactivity and in the 5‐HT increase evoked by cocaine in the hippocampus but not in the Nac. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.