bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogenous electrophysiological features in early stage of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis neuropathy
Authors: Tozza Stefano , Palumbo Giovanni , Severi Daniele , Iovino Aniello , Spina Emanuele , Aruta Francesco , Cassano Emanuele , Iodice Rosa , Dubbioso Raffaele , Ruggiero Lucia , Nolano Maria , Santoro Lucio , Manganelli Fiore 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (ATTRv, v for variant) is a progressive disease caused by mutations in the TTR gene, leading to sensory-motor, axonal and length-dependent neuropathy. However, some patients may show variable electrophysiological pattern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrophysiological features of TTR amyloid neuropathy at the time of the first nerve conduction study (NCS) to assess whether there were distinguishing features useful for early diagnosis.

Methods
We retrospectively revised the first electrophysiological findings of ATTRv patients, and we categorized the neuropathy based on nerve conduction slowing, type of involved fibres and distribution pattern of PNS involvement. Cluster analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence of neuropathy features between the early and late stage of disease, based on disease duration and disability burden assessed by NIS.

Results
We recruited 33 patients (27 males) with mean age 63.9 ± 10.8 years, mean disease duration 2.8 ± 2.4 years and mean NIS 47.6 ± 41.8. Overall, the frequency analysis showed that the most common features of ATTRv neuropathy included the categories of axonal, sensory-motor and neuronopathic-like pattern. This electrophysiological pattern of PNS involvement was constant in patients in late stage of disease, whereas ATTRv patients in early stage of disease displayed variable electrophysiological pattern of PNS involvement.

Discussion
Our findings demonstrated that ATTRv neuropathy may present at first NCS in a variable way, and it changes over the course of disease. Such heterogeneity makes the suspicion of ATTRv even more challenging at the time of first electrophysiological examination.
DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversification and taxonomic discordance among bats and birds within Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mulvaney Jake , Moir Monika , Cherry Michael I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCryptic species present a challenge for conservation, as species diversity may remain undetected. In zoological research, DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) has become a useful heuristic tool for aiding species resolution and informing species discovery. Despite concerted efforts to genetically barcode bats and birds, comprehensive assessments have yet to be undertaken across the Afrotropics. We retrieved available DNA barcodes of native breeding Afrotropical bat and bird species. Using Bayesian phylogenetic modelling, we assessed DNA barcode performance at species identification, and sought to detect notable intraspecific clade partitioning hinting at cryptic speciation. Available DNA barcodes represent only 42.3% and 23.6% of the relevant bat and bird species diversity, respectively, with only 18.7% of bat species and 7.2% of bird species having geographically spread records. DNA barcodes afforded greater taxonomic resolution of Afrotropical bird species than of bats (96.8% vs. 84.0%), with bats having a higher proportion of species non-monophyly (25.5% vs. 4.8%). Well-supported (≥ 95% posterior probability) clade partitioning was inferable from twenty-one bat species and fifteen bird species, and a further single under-sampled bat species and fifteen such bird species showed deep (> 2.0%) intraspecific divergences. These phylogenetic signatures allude to cryptic speciation within these volant taxa, and serve to prompt more comprehensive assessments of Afrotropical fauna. These findings also indirectly affirm the importance of paleoclimatic refugia to endemic vertebrate diversity. The current taxonomic status of birds is better supported by this molecular evidence than that of bats.
Attitudes towards students with disabilities achieving their educational and work-related goals: a factorial survey experiment among higher education institution employees in Norway
Authors: Goodall Gemma , Mjøen Odd Morten , Witsø Aud Elisabeth , Horghagen Sissel , Hardonk Stefan , Kvam Lisbeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the widespread promotion of inclusive environments within higher education, social barriers and a lack of understanding among university staff continue to hinder students with disabilities in their goals of graduating and finding employment. Using ableism as a theoretical framework, this study aimed to explore attitudes among higher education institution employees towards students with disabilities and their feasibility in different types of education and employment positions. “Employees” in this study included teaching staff, student support, and administration. We conducted a factorial survey experiment in which respondents were invited to evaluate vignettes describing fictional students with and without disabilities. Other factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, and motivation were also included in the vignettes. A total of 2157 higher education employees across Norway participated in the survey and answered four questions regarding the likelihood of the student described in the vignette graduating, finding employment, and being suitable for relevant work tasks. Additionally, respondents were asked to rate how likely it was that they could make arrangements for the student during their studies. Results from multilevel regression analyses suggest that higher education employees are generally positive towards making arrangements for students with disabilities. However, despite this, students with disabilities were considered less likely to graduate, find employment, and less suitable in performing relevant work tasks in comparison to students without disabilities. We argue that ableist expectations continue to dominate perceptions of students within academia, and until ableism is addressed at an institutional level, higher education will remain far from inclusive.
Effects of the invasive fish Poecilia reticulata on the behavioral response of Daphnia pulex to the exotic submerged macrophyte Egeria densa
Authors: Portilla Karen , Velarde Elizabeth , Oña Tania , Decaestecker Ellen , Teixeira de Mello Franco , Muylaert Koenraad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe high-elevation plateaus of the inter-Andean valleys are home to shallow lakes that have become eutrophic. These lakes share similarities with shallow lakes in temperate and subtropical areas. Because native species diversity is low, invasive species dominate the fish and macrophytes communities. The study aimed to investigate the behavioral response of the local Daphnia pulex from the Andean shallow Lake Yahuarcocha to the exotic submerged macrophyte Egeria densa and the exotic fish Poecilia reticulata. Laboratory habitat choice experiments revealed that D. pulex from Lake Yahuarcocha strongly avoid E. densa, irrespective of the presence of the fish P. reticulata or chemical cues indicating fish predation on D. pulex. This observation could be explained by the fact that P. reticulata displayed a strong attraction to E. densa during the daytime, probably to avoid bird predation. D. pulex from the nearby Lake San Pablo where P. reticulata is absent but where the fish community is dominated by Oncorhynchus mykiss displayed the same avoidance behavior to submerged macrophytes as D. pulex from Lake Yahuarcocha. These results indicate that macrophytes in these high-elevation shallow lakes may not facilitate top-down control of phytoplankton, since plants do not offer refuge to D. pulex from fish predation.
Subject(s) matter: a grounded theory of technology teachers’ conceptions of the purpose of teaching technology
Authors: Doyle Andrew , Seery Niall , Gumaelius Lena , Canty Donal , Hartell Eva 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTechnology education internationally has for some time struggled to achieve continuity between what is depicted in policy and curricular documents and the reality of day-to-day practices. With its focus often articulated through the nature of activity students are to engage with, technology teachers are recognised as having significant autonomy in the design and implementation of their practices. From this, it is important to understand teachers’ beliefs about technology education, as their conceptions of the subject will inform practice. As such, this study sought to investigate teachers’ conceptions of the purpose of teaching technology through reflection on their enacted practices. A constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed for the design of the study and analysis of data. According to our analysis, despite similarities between the nature of student activity that teachers designed and implemented, teachers represented the purpose of the subject in different ways. Three different conceptions of the purpose of teaching technology were identified; obtaining knowledge and skills for application, ability to act in a technological way, and ability to think in a technological way. Central to the three conceptions were contentions in the representations of what constituted subject matter knowledge in the subject, and the role that different application cases played in teaching technology. Without consideration and explicit articulation of the purposes for teaching technology, this lack of clarity and differences in rationale for teaching technology are likely to continue.
Artificial intelligence and its clinical application in Anesthesiology: a systematic review
Authors: Lopes Sara , Rocha Gonçalo , Guimarães-Pereira Luís 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is quickly expanding. Despite the amount of evidence and promising results, a thorough overview of the current state of AI in clinical practice of anesthesiology is needed. Therefore, our study aims to systematically review the application of AI in this context.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched Medline and Web of Science for articles published up to November 2022 using terms related with AI and clinical practice of anesthesiology. Articles that involved animals, editorials, reviews and sample size lower than 10 patients were excluded. Characteristics and accuracy measures from each study were extracted.

Results
A total of 46 articles were included in this review. We have grouped them into 4 categories with regard to their clinical applicability: (1) Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring; (2) Image-guided techniques related to Anesthesia; (3) Prediction of events/risks related to Anesthesia; (4) Drug administration control. Each group was analyzed, and the main findings were summarized. Across all fields, the majority of AI methods tested showed superior performance results compared to traditional methods.

Conclusion
AI systems are being integrated into anesthesiology clinical practice, enhancing medical professionals’ skills of decision-making, diagnostic accuracy, and therapeutic response.
Exploring Work Absences and Return to Work During Social Transition and Following Gender-Affirming Care, a Mixed-Methods Approach: ‘Bridging Support Actors Through Literacy’
Authors: Van de Cauter Joy , Van de Velde Dominique , Motmans Joz , Clays Els , Braeckman Lutgart 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Research on return to work (RTW) following transition-related gender-affirming care (GAC) is lacking. We aim to study the RTW outcomes and experiences of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people during social and medical transition to understand their needs better and provide tailored support.

Methods
In this convergent mixed-methods study, the questionnaires of 125 employed TGD people, who took steps in transition (social and GAC), were analyzed for personal- and work characteristics, medical work absences, RTW, support at work, and health literacy. In-depth interviews were held with twenty TGD people to explore perceived facilitators and barriers to RTW.

Results
One hundred and nine participants reported an average of 38 sick days after GAC. The majority (90.2%) resumed their job at the same employer. Although TGD workers felt supported, their health literacy (55.1%) was lower compared to the general population. The qualitative data analysis revealed four major themes: (1) the need and access to information; (2) having multidisciplinary TGD allies; (3) the influence of the occupational position; (4) the precarious balance between work, life, and GAC. Especially participants with a low health literacy level experienced RTW barriers by struggling: (1) to find and/or apply information; (2) to navigate (occupational) health and insurance services.

Conclusion
Our research has shown that RTW for TGD individuals is a multifaceted process, affected by personal factors, work-related elements, and the characteristics of the healthcare and social insurance system.
Enhancing support for TGD people at work and their RTW requires a high need for centralized information and promoting health literacy while engaging relevant stakeholders, such as prevention services and employers.
Natural nodulation and nitrogen fixation of Acacia Auriculiformis grown in technosol eco-engineered from Fe ore tailings
Authors: Li Zhen , Wu Songlin , Liu Yunjia , You Fang , Hall Merinda , Huang Longbin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aims
Nitrogen deficiency in eco-engineered technosol from iron (Fe) ore tailings limits the productivity of colonising soil microbes and pioneer plants, which are critical to further development of the technosol. Symbiotic biological N2 fixation may be a strategy to supply N in the moderately alkaline early technosols since native legumes such as Acacia auriculiformis are tolerant of saline and alkaline soil conditions as those in the technosol. It is hypothesized that tolerant native legume A. auriculiformis could form functional nodules to fix N2 when grown in early eco-engineered technosols.

Methods
A. auriculiformis growth and root nodulation in the early tailing technosols were investigated using a glasshouse experiment, and plant N2 fixation was evaluated using the 15 N natural abundance isotope method. Key factors influencing root nodulation and N2 fixation have also been evaluated, including water supply and phosphorous nutrition.

Results
The results indicated that A. auriculiformis grew well in the tailing technosols and naturally formed nodules with rhizobia. The nodules were functional in N2 fixation, leading to improved plant N nutrition. The nodulation and N2 fixation were severely limited by water deficiency stress. Improved phosphorous supply favoured nodulation and N2 fixation by A. auriculiformis plants under water deficiency stress.

Conclusions
These findings suggested that A. auriculiformis could grow in early tailings technosols and fixed N2, and proper water and phosphorous fertilizer management could improve Acacia plant’s performance and N2 fixation functions. It is possible to introduce tolerant native legumes such as A. auriculiformis to improve N supply in the early technosols.
Why cronies don’t cry? IMF programs, Chinese lending, and leader survival
Authors: Kern Andreas , Reinsberg Bernhard , Shea Patrick E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany countries in the Global South have increased their exposure to Chinese debt in recent years. With the COVID-19 pandemic and the US interest rate hike, many countries have struggled to meet their debt repayment obligations. As a result, they have turned to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for emergency assistance. We argue that the involvement of the Fund wipes out much of the political benefits of China loans for executive leaders of borrowing countries. IMF conditionality requires countries to increase fiscal transparency, which threatens the viability of kickback schemes and increases the likelihood that corrupt leaders will be called out on their misdealing. As a result, we expect corrupt leaders with China debt to leave office earlier when they try to address debt defaults with IMF loans than when they avoid them. Using survival analysis on a dataset of 115 developing countries between 2000 to 2015, we find that leaders indebted to China that go under an IMF program leave office earlier compared to when they do not go under an IMF program. In line with our argument, this effect is strongest in more corrupt regimes. Our argument and analysis contribute to understanding international finance’s political economy, specifically how mixing creditors can be politically risky for leaders.
“I don’t Remember that”: Negotiating Memories and Epistemic Claims in Swedish High-Stake Police Interviews
Authors: Nyroos Lina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper employs Conversation Analysis to investigate a specific interactional environment in Swedish police interviews (PIs): sequences where the interviewee asserts an inability to recollect specific events, and the police subsequently challenge this assertion. The police interview serves as a crucial setting for reconstructing past events and identifying the distribution of knowledge among participants. While previous research has delved into the cognitive mechanisms underlying memory retrieval in PIs, there exists a scarcity of empirical investigation of how memories and their associated knowledge are interactionally managed within this high-stakes activity. Prior Conversation Analytic studies exploring how epistemic dimensions shape social interaction form the theoretical basis for the current study, including research indicating how ‘forgetfulness’ can be strategically employed as an interactional resource. Only a few studies have targeted recorded high-stakes interviews in Swedish, and the lack of such is problematic since international research have highlighted the influence of cultural and social factors on conditions and outcomes. Data used for this study comprises anonymized audio recordings (N = 51) from a preliminary murder investigation, making a valuable contribution to the understanding of interactional practices in Swedish police interviews. Results indicate a discrepancy in orientation between the police and the interviewee. The former treats the memories as accessible knowables possible to retrieve, in contrast to the latter, who uses the police’s challenge as a vehicle for contesting the ‘impossible action of remembering.’
Subtracting Reasons in Normative Domains
Authors: Faroldi Federico L. G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPractical reasons can be aggregated to decide what one ought to do. This paper explores an operation that undoes aggregation: subtraction. I consider several distinctions concerning subtraction: subtracting content and subtracting strength; and subtracting one reason from one other reason or from a set of reasons. I put forward a precise understanding of subtracting the content of one reason from another, based on an operation of difference on a state-like, structured notion of content. Finally, I apply my approach to subtracting reasons to normative domains, and in particular to belief revision and norm change.
Bilingual Legal Resources for Arabic: State of Affairs and Future Perspectives
Authors: Halimi Sonia A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe context-based use of terminology and phraseology is one of the essential building blocks of legal translation. The contextual nature of both components has implications when it comes to designing resources that are adapted to the needs of translators. For Arabic legal translation, there are a multitude of different print and online resources available, however, they do not integrate the context-related parameter for term choice acceptability. In this article, we will describe the main features of certain bilingual legal dictionaries with the English-Arabic and French-Arabic language pairs. We will then make a descriptive assessment of the tools available online, highlighting their limitations. Taking into consideration all the contextual parameters involved in making a translation choice, we will put forward the value of developing bilingual ontologies with Arabic. With the rapid expansion of information technologies, a move towards formalizing legal knowledge will help fill existing gaps in the representation of Arabic legal content and the retrieval of information, providing legal translators with a tool that provides specific details that will enable translators to make informed and relevant decisions, in addition to opening new research perspectives for Arabic legal translation.
Counter-Denunciations: How Suspects Blame Victims in Police Interviews for Low-Level Crimes
Authors: Ferraz de Almeida Fabio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article explores the ways in which suspects attempt to make putative victims/complainants at least partially responsible for the incidents for which they are investigated, transforming themselves into the victim and the other into the perpetrator. Drawing upon conversation analysis, I examine audio-recorded police interviews for low-level crimes in England and in which suspects have constructed what I refer as counter-denunciations. I argue that suspects accomplish these counter-denunciations through discursive practices that involve, for example (a) contrasting the complainant’s actions with their own innocent conduct; (b) historicizing the event being investigated; and (c) discrediting the complainant’s character—stigmatizing. These practices have in common the suspects’ reliance on the relational and contextual character of the categories ‘offender’ and ‘victim’.
Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit as Bildungsroman
Authors: Saeverot Herner 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article argues that Hegel’s book The Phenomenology of Spirit can be read as a Bildungsroman or a theory of reception. Hegel (as he appears in this book) sets forth to educate his readers to a historical understanding. This is the article’s main argument which will be split up in three parts. First, it seems that Hegel tries to lead the uneducated reader to his own ideal philosophy. If so, the reception will be merely technical, i.e., the book has only one answer and the reader has to submit to Hegel to get him right. The article argues against such a reading. Secondly, it seems more likely that Hegel invites his readers to take an active part in the interpretation of the book. To substantiate this claim, the article argues that the hitherto unknown phenomenon in the book “touches” and challenges the reader, who must “touch” back and accept the challenge in order to grasp the phenomenon. This reception involves the experience of “touch” (not physical) and is therefore haptic. Thirdly, and in extension of the haptic reception, the article argues that there is a reception as recollection, meaning that Hegel invites the reader to reflect upon the recollected experiences or “the gallery of images” that Hegel has archived in his book. In doing so, the reader will see the gallery of images with new eyes—which ultimately is a process of Bildung as the reader gains self-awareness and knowledge through Hegel’s images.