bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy multicriterion decision making in irrigation planning
Authors: Raju K. Srinivasa , Kumar D. Nagesh 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMulticriterion decision making (MCDM) has emerged as an effective methodology due to its ability to combine quantitative and qualitative criteria for selection of the best alternative. Concurrently, fuzzy logic is gaining importance due to its flexibility in handling imprecise subjective data. In the present study two fuzzy logic‐based MCDM methods, namely similarity analysis (SA) and decision analysis (DA), are adopted and developed as a FUzzy Decision System (FUDS) and applied to a case study of the Sri Ram Sagar Project (SRSP), Andhra Pradesh, India, for selecting the best‐performing irrigation subsystem. It is found that both SA and DA suggested the same irrigation subsystem as the best. It is concluded that application of fuzzy logic methodology for real‐world decision‐making problems is found to be effective. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of methods for determining infiltration parameters from irrigation advance data
Authors: Khatri K. L. , Smith R. J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractKnowledge of soil infiltration parameters is of the utmost importance for optimum performance and management of surface irrigation. The advance of the surface flow across a field varies according to the infiltration rate, ultimately determining the soil moisture uniformity and water application efficiency. Calculation of the infiltration parameters from irrigation advance data is now the preferred method. If the process is to be included in a real‐time control system it must be done accurately, reliably and rapidly, without user intervention, and with a minimum of field data.With this purpose in mind, six infiltration methods were selected for evaluation: the two‐point method, the computer model INFILT, the method of Upadhyaya and Raghuwanshi, the Valiantaz one‐point method, the Shepard one‐point method and a simple linear infiltration function.Field experimental data from 10 furrow irrigation trials were used to evaluate the methods, these data covering a range of soil types and furrow characteristics. The data sets were analyzed to determine infiltration parameters to evaluate the ability of the selected methods for prediction of advance and cumulative infiltration.The results showed INFILT to be the most accurate and reliable method, performing consistently well for all of the data sets. Generally the two‐point and linear estimation methods also performed well, although the two‐point method is handicapped by its requirement for prior knowledge of the steady or final infiltration rate fo. None of the methods proved entirely suitable for use in a real‐time control system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of simulated annealing (SA) techniques for optimal water distribution in irrigation canals
Authors: Monem Mohammad Javad , Namdarian Reza 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOne of the contributing factors to the poor performance of irrigation systems is improper water distribution. Traditionally, in irrigation canals water distribution schedules are determined based on descriptive methods. Application of optimization methods could improve performance of water delivery. In a case study, a single‐objective zero–one programming method was used to develop an optimal water delivery schedule. Considering several objectives of irrigation systems and the difficulties of zero–one programming, a multi‐objective simulated annealing optimization technique is utilized. Based on water requirements at delivery points, the developed model determines time and rate of water delivery. The canal capacity and operational stages are minimized and water requirements are satisfied as closely as possible. In order to test the applicability of the proposed model, the model is applied on the Feng‐Jia‐Shan Canal in China and compared with the results of Wang. The results show that the multi‐objective optimization approach resulted in lower operational stages, while the canal capacity is reduced to the same level as Wang's study. The model is applied on the AMX canal of the Varamin irrigation network in Tehran, Iran. The model benefits from the advantages of SA techniques and could take into account several objectives and avoid the difficulties of zero–one programming. This model could be used as an efficient tool for planning water delivery schedules in irrigation canals. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sorption and solubility testing of orthodontic bonding cements in different solutions
Authors: Toledano Manuel , Osorio Raquel , Osorio Estrella , Aguilera Fátima S. , Romeo Alejandro , de la Higuera Blanca , García‐Godoy Franklin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo evaluate and compare the solubility and sorption of orthodontic bonding cements after immersion in different solutions, five different cements were used: a fluoride‐containing resin composite, a light‐cured glass ionomer cement, a light‐cured resin composite, a paste–paste chemically cured resin composite, and a liquid–paste chemically cured resin composite. Five different solutions were employed: distilled water, artificial saliva, an alcohol‐free mouthrinse solution (Orthokin), a 5% alcohol mouthrinse solution (Perioaid), and a 75% ethanol/water solution. Five disc specimens (15 mm × 0.85 mm) were used for each experimental condition. Materials were handled following manufacturers' instructions and were ground wet with silicon carbide paper. Solubility and sorption of the materials were calculated by means of weighing the samples before and after immersion and desiccation. Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls test (p < 0.05). The light‐cured glass ionomer cement showed the lowest solubility and the highest sorption values. When using alcohol‐containing solutions as storage media, solubility of the paste–paste chemically cured resin composite increased, and sorption values for the tested chemically cured resin composites were also increased. The use of alcohol‐free mouthrinses does not affect sorption and solubility of orthodontic cements. The chemically cured (paste–paste) composite resin cement, requiring a mixing procedure, was the most affected by immersion in alcohol‐containing solutions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Curing effectiveness of a light emitting diode on dentin bonding agents
Authors: Kim Sun‐Young , Lee In‐Bog , Cho Byeong‐Hoon , Son Ho‐Hyun , Um Chung‐Moon 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that dentin bonding agents (DBAs) cured with a light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit (LCU) would not show a statistically significant different dentin shear bond strength (DSBS) relative to a halogen LCU, when the LED and halogen LCUs had a supposedly similar irradiance. Five commercial DBAs were tested: ScotchBond Multipurpose, Single Bond, One Step, Clearfil SE Bond, and Adper Prompt. The LCUs used in this study were a VIP (Bisco) for the halogen light and an Elipar FreeLight (3M ESPE) for the LED. First, the emission spectrum and spectral irradiance of both LCUs were investigated. Next, the DSBS of the DBAs cured with each LCU was measured. Two‐way analysis of variance was used to analyze whether there were differences in DSBS resulting from the type of LCU and DBA used. The halogen LCU showed a higher total irradiance value relative to the LED LCU, but the difference of spectral irradiance was reduced in the efficient wavelength ranges for camphoroquinone activation. Although the DBAs cured with both types of LCUs showed similar DSBS values, Clearfil SE Bond showed the highest DSBS value when cured with a halogen light. Therefore, the null hypothesis of this study was rejected, indicating that the curing effectiveness of the LED LCU on some DBAs can be lower than that of a halogen LCU in terms of bond strength. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
The Personality Assessment Inventory with chronic pain patients: Psychometric properties and clinical utility
Authors: Karlin Bradley E. , Creech Suzannah K. , Grimes Jeffrey S. , Clark Timothy S. , Meagher Mary W. , Morey Leslie C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe present study examined the clinical utility and psychometric properties of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) within a large sample of chronic pain patients. Alpha coefficients and mean interitem correlations generally conformed with recommended psychometric standards and were similar to those reported for the test standardization samples. Factor analyses supported the consistency of the underlying factor structure of the PAI with chronic pain patients. The factor related to acting‐out behavior did not contain the substance abuse component found in previous investigations. The findings demonstrate the complexity and heterogeneity of chronic pain cases and support the usefulness of the PAI in detecting broad and specific psychological and personality constructs within the population of chronic pain patients. Finally, the study provides normative data that will inform clinical interpretation and decision making in chronic pain cases. Overall, the results support the applicability of the PAI for assessment and treatment planning with chronic pain patients. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 61: 1571–1585, 2005.
Edge‐disjoint Hamiltonian cycles in hypertournaments
Authors: Petrovic Vojislav , Thomassen Carsten 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe introduce a method for reducing k‐tournament problems, for k ≥ 3, to ordinary tournaments, that is, 2‐tournaments. It is applied to show that a k‐tournament on n ≥ k + 1 + 24d vertices (when k ≥ 4) or on n ≥ 30d + 2 vertices (when k = 3) has d edge‐disjoint Hamiltonian cycles if and only if it is d‐edge‐connected. Ironically, this is proved by ordinary tournament arguments although it only holds for k ≥ 3. We also characterizatize the pancyclic k‐tournaments, a problem posed by Gutin and Yeo.(Our characterization is slightly incomplete in that we prove it only for n large compared to k.). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Decompositions of a complete multidigraph into nonhamiltonian paths
Authors: Meszka Mariusz , Skupień Zdzisław 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor n ≥ 3, the complete n‐vertex multidigraph with any fixed multiplicity of edges is proved to be decomposable into nonhamiltonian (directed) paths of arbitrarily prescribed lengths (≤ n − 2) provided that the lengths sum up to the size of the multidigraph. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Spanning subgraphs of graphs partitioned into two isomorphic pieces
Authors: Bonato Anthony 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA graph has the neighbor‐closed‐co‐neighbor, or ncc property, if for each of its vertices x, the subgraph induced by the neighbor set of x is isomorphic to the subgraph induced by the closed non‐neighbor set of x. As proved by Bonato and Nowakowski [5], graphs with the ncc property are characterized by the existence of perfect matchings satisfying certain local conditions. In the present article, we investigate the spanning subgraphs of ncc graphs, which we name sub‐ncc. Several equivalent characterizations of finite sub‐ncc graphs are given, along with a polynomial time algorithm for their recognition. The infinite sub‐ncc graphs are characterized, and we demonstrate the existence of a countable universal sub‐ncc graph satisfying a strong symmetry condition called pseudo‐homogeneity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Gallbladder contraction, gastric emptying and antral motility: Single visit assessment of upper GI function in untreated celiac disease using echo‐planar MRI
Authors: Marciani Luca , Coleman Nicholas S. , Dunlop Simon P. , Singh Gulzar , Marsden Charles A. , Holmes Geoffrey K. , Spiller Robin C. , Gowland Penny A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo assess gallbladder contraction, gastric emptying, and antral motility in untreated celiac patients and healthy controls using a single MRI examination.Materials and MethodsGallbladder emptying, gastric emptying, and antral motility were measured in 15 celiac patients and 15 age/sex‐matched healthy controls following a 323‐kcal test meal using EPI techniques. Postprandial dyspepsia scores were recorded on a questionnaire.ResultsFasting gallbladder volume (P = 0.01) and the volume of bile ejected postprandially (P = 0.014) were increased in celiacs. Gastric emptying tended to be slower in celiacs (P = 0.142). Three celiac patients with severe postprandial dyspepsia and total villous atrophy had pathologically delayed gastric emptying and increased fasting gallbladder volume. Antral contractions were absent in five out of 14 patients (36%) five minutes after the meal, but in none of 10 volunteers in whom the antrum could be visualized (P = 0.128).ConclusionThis study shows that using MRI, multiple parameters related to upper gastrointestinal function in celiac disease can be measured in a single noninvasive study, whereas previously three separate visits would have been required. Celiacs have increased fasting gallbladder volumes and tend to have slower gastric emptying. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI findings of renal lymphangiectasia
Authors: Kocaoglu Murat , Bulakbasi Nail , Ilica Turan , Somuncu Ibrahim 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe present the case of a 20‐year‐old male with renal lymphangiectasia who presented with hypertension and hematuria. We discuss the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium‐enhanced MR urography in confirming the diagnosis, extensions of this rare benign entity, and associated conditions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface Structures in Thin Polymer Layers Caused by Coupling of Diffusion‐Controlled Marangoni Instability and Local Horizontal Temperature Gradient
Authors: Weh Lothar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Surface tension‐driven Marangoni convection causes the formation of regular surface structures in drying polymer layers. The shape of the surface structures formed during solvent evaporation depends on layer and interfacial dynamic parameters as well as external factors. The influence of a horizontal radial temperature gradient produced by a point heat source below the polymer layer on the diffusion‐controlled Marangoni instability has been studied. In the region of the lateral temperature gradient, radial surface flow coupled with the interfacial instability leads to stripe, ladder, chevron and/or labyrinthine surface structures.Stepped ladder structures in a poly(vinyl butyral) layer produced by interfacial instability and heating with an ultrasonic sonotrode below the layer substrate.magnified imageStepped ladder structures in a poly(vinyl butyral) layer produced by interfacial instability and heating with an ultrasonic sonotrode below the layer substrate.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane/Silica Hybrid Coatings
Authors: Chen Yongchun , Zhou Shuxue , Yang Haihua , Wu Limin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Polyurethane/silica hybrid coatings were prepared via in situ (IS) or blending (BL) method using different acidic silica sols. The effects of preparation methods, silica types, and content on the structure and mechanical properties of the hybrid coatings were investigated. It was found that there existed two types of silica phases in the hybrid coatings: silica‐rich agglomerate and primary silica‐rich phase, whose size and compactness depended upon the silica types and the preparation methods. Introducing silica could result in obvious changes in surface free energy, atomic composition, and mechanical properties of the hybrid coatings.Typical SEM image of the fractured surface of hybrids obtained by the in situ method.magnified imageTypical SEM image of the fractured surface of hybrids obtained by the in situ method.
Oxypropylation of Lignins and Preparation of Rigid Polyurethane Foams from the Ensuing Polyols
Authors: Nadji Hamid , Bruzzèse Cécile , Belgacem Mohamed Naceur , Benaboura Ahmed , Gandini Alessandro 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Different lignins were converted into polyols by a chain extension reaction with propylene oxide (PO). Thus, soda lignin from Alfa (Stipa tenacissima) (SL), organosolv lignin from hardwoods (OL), kraft lignin (KL) from softwood and oxidized organosolv lignin (OOL) were oxypropylated in a batch reactor at 180 °C in the presence of KOH as catalyst. The ensuing polyols were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, which showed that they had incorporated poly(propylene oxide) grafts into their structure. Their viscosity varied from 5 mPa · s to infinity, depending on the Lignin/PO ratio and their hydroxy index was in the range of 100–200, which made them suitable for rigid polyurethane foam (RPU) formulations. The RPUs thus obtained had a Tg of ca. 60 °C and a thermal conductivity of ≈20 mW/m · K before ageing and ≈25 mW/m · K after accelerated ageing for 10 d at 70 °C. The analyses of the gases inside the cells showed that these were mostly closed, since the partial pressure did not decrease significantly with ageing.Photograph of polyurethane foam made from OLOP.magnified imagePhotograph of polyurethane foam made from OLOP.
Waste and Virgin LDPE/PET Blends Compatibilized with an Ethylene‐Butyl Acrylate‐Glycidyl Methacrylate (EBAGMA) Terpolymer, 1
Authors: Kaci Mustapha , Benhamida Aida , Cimmino Sossio , Silvestre Clara , Carfagna Cosimo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: This work is aimed at studying the morphology and the mechanical properties of blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (10, 20, and 30 wt.‐% of PET), obtained as both virgin polymers and urban plastic waste, and the effect of a terpolymer of ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate (EBAGMA) as a compatibilizer. LDPE and PET are blended in a single screw extruder twice; the first extrusion to homogenize the two components, and the second to improve the compatibilization degree when the EBAGMA terpolymer is applied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the fractured surface of both the virgin polymer and the waste binary blends is characterized by a gross phase segregation morphology that leads to the formation of large PET aggregates (10–50 µm). Furthermore, a sharp decrease in the elongation at break and impact strength is observed, which denotes the brittleness of the binary blends. The addition of the EBAGMA terpolymer to the binary LDPE/PET blends reduces the size of the PET inclusions to 1–5 µm with a finer dispersion, as a result of an improvement of the interfacial adhesion strength between LDPE and PET. Consequently, increases of the tensile properties and impact strength are observed.SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of a waste 70/30 LDPE/PET blend (R30) and of its blend with 15 pph of EBAGMA (R30C). Magnification × 1 000.magnified imageSEM micrographs of the fracture surface of a waste 70/30 LDPE/PET blend (R30) and of its blend with 15 pph of EBAGMA (R30C). Magnification × 1 000.
Concentric coil arrays for parallel MRI
Authors: Ohliger Michael A. , Greenman Robert L. , Giaquinto Randy , McKenzie Charles A. , Wiggins Graham , Sodickson Daniel K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new type of coil array is proposed that consists of concentrically placed coil elements, each of which is characterized by symmetrically arranged lobes that have alternating current directions. Symmetries in the coil elements' conductor paths allow for the minimization of mutual inductance and noise correlations. In addition, the concentric arrangement of the coil elements provides spatial encoding capabilities in multiple directions, which is valuable when arrays are used with parallel MRI. Simulations are presented that describe the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) properties of individual concentric array elements, and a four‐element prototype concentric array is constructed. This prototype array is compared experimentally with three alternative four‐element array designs. The overall SNR of the concentric array is comparable to the SNR of the competing arrays. Reconstruction of twofold undersampled data using the concentric array yields an average g‐factor of less than 1.3 in all directions parallel to the plane of the array. There is some degradation in performance when threefold undersampled data are reconstructed, but the array still shows substantial directional invariance compared to alternative designs. Both fully‐sampled and undersampled cardiac images acquired using the concentric array are shown. These results suggest that concentric structures can be useful tools for designing specialized coil arrays for parallel MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion measurements using single shot 3D GRASE at 3 T
Authors: Fernández‐Seara María A. , Wang Ze , Wang Jiongjiong , Rao Heng‐Yi , Guenther Matthias , Feinberg David A. , Detre John A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSingle shot 3D GRASE is less sensitive to field inhomogeneity and susceptibility effects than gradient echo based fast imaging sequences while preserving the acquisition speed. In this study, a continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) pulse was added prior to the single shot 3D GRASE readout and quantitative perfusion measurements were carried out at 3 T, at rest and during functional activation. The sequence performance was evaluated by comparison with a CASL sequence with EPI readout. It is shown that perfusion measurements using CASL GRASE can be performed safely on humans at 3 T without exceeding the current RF power deposition limits. The maps of resting cerebral blood flow generated from the GRASE images are comparable to those obtained with the 2D EPI readout, albeit with better coverage in the orbitofrontal cortex. The sequence proved effective for functional imaging, yielding time series of images with improved temporal SNR with respect to EPI and group activation maps with increased significance levels. The method was further improved using parallel imaging techniques to provide increased spatial resolution and better separation of the gray–white matter cerebral blood flow maps. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EPR spectrometer for clinical applications
Authors: Salikhov I. , Walczak T. , Lesniewski P. , Khan N. , Iwasaki A. , Comi R. , Buckey J. , Swartz H. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article describes an EPR spectrometer specifically designed and constructed for EPR spectroscopy in humans. The spectrometer is based on a permanent magnet, suitable for measurements at 1200 MHz. The magnet has a full 50 cm gap between the poles, which facilitates accurate and comfortable placement of the subject for the EPR measurement at any location on the human body. The bridge includes features to facilitate clinical operations, including an indicator for phasing of the reference arm and a 2 level RF amplifier. Resonators with holders for each type and site of measurement have been developed that comfortably position the resonator and the patient and prevent artifacts due to motion. The initial applications for which the spectrometer has been designed are for oximetry using loops on the surface, oximetry using implanted resonators for measuring deep sites, and measurements in the teeth for determination of exposures to clinically significant doses of ionizing radiation. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.