bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of common carp fisheries using spawning potential ratio in the southeast of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Larijani Mohammad , Kordjazi Ziya , Patimar Rahman , Bandani Gholamali , Ansari Zeinab , Jafarian Hojjat 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpawning potential ratio (SPR) is an important index used by fisheries biologists and managers to determine how a fishery should be harvested to prevent recruitment overfishing. In the southeastern Caspian Sea, Iran, 3430 common carp Cyprinus carpio were caught by beach seine in 2‐week intervals of two fishing seasons in 2019 and 2020. Fork length (FL) was measured to the nearest 1 cm. The age and maturity stage of 434 specimens, including 236 females and 198 males, were estimated by scale and gonad microscopic examinations. Estimated L∞ was 71.9 and K (growth constant) was 0.09. Instantaneous total mortality (Z) was 1.08, natural mortality (M) was 0.18, and fishing mortality (F) was 0.9. Estimated SPR at current fishing mortality (0.18) was lower than the reference point (0.4). Our findings indicated that fishing mortality should be reduced to F = 0.38 for C. carpio to meet the SPR reference point of 0.4. Further, higher minimum length limits should be set to reduce fishing mortality, and catch quotas for fishing cooperative corporations should be considered to meet the 40% SPR threshold.
Temporal changes in the individual size distribution modulate the long‐term trends of biomass and energy use of North American breeding bird communities
Authors: Diaz Renata M. , Ernest S. K. Morgan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe frequency of different body sizes in an ecological community (the individual size distribution, or ISD) is a key link between the number of individual organisms present in a community and community function—total biomass or total energy use. If the ISD changes over time, the dynamics of community function may become decoupled from trends in abundance. Understanding how, and how often, the ISD modulates the relationship between abundance, biomass and energy use is of critical importance to understand biodiversity trends in the Anthropocene. Here, we conduct the first macroecological‐scale analysis of this type for avian communities.LocationNorth America, north of Mexico.Time Period1989–2018.Major Taxa StudiedBreeding birds.MethodsWe used species' traits to generate annual ISDs for bird communities in the North American Breeding Bird Survey. We compared the long‐term trends in total biomass and energy use to the trends generated from a null model of an unchanging ISD.ResultsTrends in biomass have been evenly split between increases and decreases, but the trends predicted by the null model were dominated by decreases. A substantial number of communities have undergone a shift in the ISD favouring larger bodied species, resulting in a less negative trend in biomass than would be expected had the ISD remained static. Trends in energy use more closely paralleled the null model.Main ConclusionsTaking changes in the ISD into account qualitatively changes the continental‐scale picture of how biomass and energy use have changed over the past 30 years. For North American breeding birds, shifts in species composition favouring larger bodied species may have partially offset declines in standing biomass driven by losses of individuals over the past 30 years.
Thigh muscle thickness on ultrasonography for diagnosing sarcopenia: The Kyoto‐Kameoka study
Authors: Yoshida Tsukasa , Watanabe Yuya , Yokoyama Keiichi , Kimura Misaka , Yamada Yosuke 
Published: October 2023

AimThe Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus reported that evidence for the diagnosis of sarcopenia based on ultrasonography findings is lacking. The revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus stated that ultrasonography is reliable and valid for assessing muscle size in older adults. The present study aimed to determine the predictive accuracy of ultrasonography for sarcopenia in older adults in Japan.MethodsA total of 1229 participants aged 65–91 years were included in this cross‐sectional study. The thickness of the anterior compartment of the right thigh was assessed using B‐mode ultrasonography. The measurement position was at the midpoint of the thigh. In addition, the grip strength, gait speed, Five‐Time Sit‐to‐Stand Test, Short Physical Performance Battery score and skeletal muscle mass index were evaluated. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 algorithm. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (95% confidence intervals) and cutoff values for the thigh muscle thickness in sarcopenia were 0.901 (0.856–0.946) and 4.0 cm in men, respectively, and 0.923 (0.851–0.995) and 3.1 cm in women, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each subdomain of sarcopenia, such as grip strength and gait speed, ranged from 0.618 to 0.872.ConclusionsIn the present study, the suggested cutoff mid‐thigh muscle thicknesses on ultrasonography for predicting sarcopenia were 4.0 cm in men and 3.1 cm in women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 156–161.
Comprehensive characterisation of tilapia fish gelatine under varied extraction conditions for the advancement of hard capsule production
Authors: Fazial Farah Faiqah , Ahmad Azfaralariff , Hani Norziah Mohd 
Published: October 2023

SummaryHard capsules are a frequently used oral medication delivery form. This study aims to evaluate the potential of tilapia fish gelatine as a suitable material for hard capsules, by analysing various gelatine properties under different extraction temperatures (50, 60, 70, and 80 °C) and extraction periods (6 and 12 h). The results showed a range of values for the gelatine yield (22–33% (w/w)), gel strength (141–360 g), molecular weight distribution (140–300 kDa), and amino acid composition (185–220/1000 residues). FG70‐12 (296) and FG60‐6 (266) were found to have gel strength between 200 and 300 g thus suitable to be used as hard capsule material. Interestingly, the strongest gelatine having 360 g gel strength obtained from FG50‐6 (fish gelatine extracted at 50 °C for 6 h) became the essential ingredient for preparing hard capsules because two times dipping was enough to obtain the standard weight and thickness. A slight loss of moisture was identified during drying and rapid dissolution (4–8 min) detected from fish gelatine capsule at pH 6.8 or below. Therefore, hard capsules for pharmaceutical applications could be developed from fish gelatine as an alternative gelatine with similar properties as commercial hard capsules and satisfying the pharmacopoeia standard.
Insights into the molecular basis and mechanism of heme‐triggered TLR4 signalling: The role of heme‐binding motifs in TLR4 and MD2
Authors: Hopp Marie‐T. , Holze Janine , Lauber Felicitas , Holtkamp Laura , Rathod Dhruv C. , Miteva Maria A. , Prestes Elisa B. , Geyer Matthias , Manoury Bénédicte , Merle Nicolas S. , Roumenina Lubka T. , Bozza Marcelo T. , Weindl Günther , Imhof Diana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHaemolytic disorders, such as sickle cell disease, are accompanied by the release of high amounts of labile heme into the intravascular compartment resulting in the induction of proinflammatory and prothrombotic complications in affected patients. In addition to the relevance of heme‐regulated proteins from the complement and blood coagulation systems, activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway by heme was ascribed a crucial role in the progression of these pathological processes. Heme binding to the TLR4‐MD2 complex has been proposed recently, however, essential mechanistic information of the processes at the molecular level, such as heme‐binding kinetics, the heme‐binding capacity and the respective heme‐binding sites (HBMs) is still missing. We report the interaction of TLR4, MD2 and the TLR4‐MD2 complex with heme and the consequences thereof by employing biochemical, spectroscopic, bioinformatic and physiologically relevant approaches. Heme binding occurs transiently through interaction with up to four HBMs in TLR4, two HBMs in MD2 and at least four HBMs in their complex. Functional studies highlight that mutations of individual HBMs in TLR4 preserve full receptor activation by heme, suggesting that heme interacts with TLR4 through different binding sites independently of MD2. Furthermore, we confirm and extend the major role of TLR4 for heme‐mediated cytokine responses in human immune cells.
Rare disaster, economic growth, and disaster risk management with preferences for liquidity
Authors: Lu Ting , Luo Pengfei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of preferences for liquidity on the relationship between disasters and growth along with disaster risk management. It further demonstrates that preferences for liquidity lead to less consumption. Moreover, from preferences for liquidity perspective, our model can potentially reconcile the conflicting predictions on the interaction between disasters and growth in the empirical findings. Finally, we find that preferences for liquidity cause policymakers to become more incentivized in mitigating disaster risk and lead them overestimate the welfare benefit of policy instruments.
RETRACTED: Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery nursing on the incidence of surgical site wound infection in older adults with hip fractures: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Xuanjiao , Li Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis meta‐analysis evaluated the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) nursing on the incidence surgical site wound infection in older adults with hip fractures. The PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP databases were searched from inception up to March 2023 for articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of ERAS nursing on surgical site wound infection in older adults with hip fractures. Patients in the experimental group received ERAS nursing, and patients in the control group received conventional postoperative nursing. Two researchers independently completed literature screening and data extraction. The included articles were evaluated according to Cochrane quality assessment standards and the meta‐analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software to calculate the effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twelve RCTs were included with 1117 patients, including 559 in the experimental group and 558 in the control group. In older adults with hip fractures, ERAS nursing reduced the risk of surgical site wound infection (odds ratio [OR]: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11–0.58, p = 0.001) and postoperative complications (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.14–0.33, p < 0.001), and reduced the length of hospital stay (mean difference: −4.04 days, 95% CI: −4.33 to −3.76 days, p < 0.001). In older adults with hip fractures, ERAS nursing reduces the incidence of surgical site infection and complications and shortens the length of hospital stay.
Clinical evaluation of intralesional umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, conditioned medium and triamcinolone acetonide injection for keloid treatment: A pilot study
Authors: Harsono Anastasia Dessy , Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Prasetyono Theddeus Octavianus Hari , Prasetyo Marcel , Werdhani Retno Asti , Jusman Sri Widia A. , Siregar Nuryati Chairani , Soedjana Hardisiswo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTopical keloid therapy is performed with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) intralesional injection. However, the recurrence rate is high with various side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have high proliferative abilities and reduce the activity and proliferation of fibroblast cells in keloids. To overcome the costs and limitations, conditioned medium (CM) is used. This study aims to evaluate feasibility of intralesional injection of umbilical cord MSC (UC‐MSC) and conditioned medium (UC‐CM) compared to TA for keloid therapy. Twenty‐four patients with keloids who met the inclusion criteria were included, randomized into three treatment groups and then got assessed for the sociodemographic data, keloid volume, histopathology (type 1:3 collagen ratio), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) levels and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) score during visits. Largest volume regression occurred in the UC‐MSC group, followed by UC‐CM and then the TA group (UC‐MSC: 45.32% ± 2.61%; UC‐CM: 43.61% ± 3.67%; TA: 28.34% ± 3.81%; p = 0.003). Similar pattern was also observed in increase in IL‐10 levels, the decrease in POSAS scores and the reduction of type 1:3 collagen ratio. Hence, UC‐MSC and UC‐CM are promisingly more effective than TA for keloid therapy, showcasing their superiority in reducing keloid volume, symptoms and type 1:3 collagen ratio, as well as increasing the levels of IL‐10.
Immunohistochemical Study of Cellular Events in Lesional Skin during Common Virus Infections
Authors: Tsukahara Tetsuya , Horiuchi Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDetermination was made of epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) distribution and infiltrating cellular events in lesional skin during varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, and the results were compared with those for herpes simplex (HS), measles, and rubella by immunohistochemical staining with cell surface markers. CD1 a positive epidermal LCs increased in number, particularly in measles and rubella. The number of LCs was within the normal range or slightly increased in the epidermis of VZV infection. In herpes zoster (HZ) and varicella, HLA‐DR positive epidermal cells were present in the basal part of the epidermis. In measles, HLA‐DR positive cells aggregated in papular lesions. In measles and rubella, the number of HLA‐DQ positive epidermal cells appeared to increase. In HS cases, CD11b (OKM1) positivity of the upper epidermal keratinocytes was quite pronounced, but not in the basal layer. CD8 positive suppressor/cytotoxic cells extensively infiltrated the dermis of HZ and varicella. Dermal infiltrates were identified as CD8 positive cell dominant in measles, HZ, and varicella. These results provide a partial explanation as to why cellular events in skin lesions act immunosuppressively.
Detection of Antibodies to Human Melanoma Cells in Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata by Western Blot Analysis
Authors: Hann Seung‐Kyung , Koo Sang‐Wahn , Kim Jung‐Bin , Park Yoon‐Kee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAntibody reactivity to human melanoma cells (SK‐Mel‐23) was investigated in 48 patients with vitiligo, 14 with alopecia areata (AA), and 35 normal control individuals by Western blot analysis. Antibodies to SK‐Mel‐23 were found in 44 (92%) of the patients with vitiligo, in 7 (50%) of the patients with AA, and in 14 (40%) of the normal control individuals. Significant differences between patients with vitiligo and normal controls were found in the incidence and distribution of antibodies, but no significant differences were found between patients with AA and normal controls. The antibodies were predominantly directed to one or more antigens of approximately 110 KD, 103 KD, 88 KD, 70 KD, 56 KD, 46 DK, or 41 KD. The most common responses were to 110 KD, 88KD, and 70 KD antigens. These antibodies were present in 60%, 60%, and 73% of the patients with vitiligo; 7%, 14% and 35% of the patients with AA; and 11%, 11% and 40% of normal control individuals, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the incidence of antibodies to pigment cells between segmental and non‐segmental vitiligo. These findings suggest that autoreactivity to pigment cells occurs mostly in patients with vitiligo and might be a secondary immune reaction to destroyed pigment cells.
Combining conventional technique with fluoroscopy integration module in accessory pathway ablation
Authors: Ozcan Emin Evren , Turan Oğuzhan Ekrem , Yilancioğlu Reşit Yiğit , Inevi Umut , Akdemir Barış 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionAccessory pathway (AP) ablation is a straightforward approach with high success rates, but the fluoroscopy time (FT) is significantly longer in conventional technique. Electroanatomical mapping systems (EMS), reduce the FT, but anatomical and activation mapping may prolong the procedure time (PT). The fluoroscopy integration module (FIM) uses prerecorded fluoroscopy images and allows ablation similar to conventional technique without creating an anatomical map. In this study, we investigated the effects of combining the FIM with traditional technique on PT, success, and radiation exposure.MethodsA total of 131 patients who had undergone AP ablation were included in our study. In 37 patients, right and left anterior oblique (RAO‐LAO) images were acquired after catheter placement and integrated with the FIM. The ablation procedure was then similar to the conventional technique, but without the use of fluoroscopy. For the purpose of acceleration, anatomical and activation maps have not been created. Contact‐force catheters were not used. 94 patients underwent conventional ablation using fluoroscopy only.ResultsFIM into AP ablation procedures led to a significant reduction in radiation exposure, lowering FT from 7.4 to 2.8 min (p < .001) and dose‐area product from 12.47 to 5.8 μGym² (p < .001). While the FIM group experienced a reasonable longer PT (69 vs. 50 min p < .001). FIM reduces FT regardless of operator experience and location of APsConclusionCombining FIM integration with conventional AP ablation offers reduced radiation exposure without compromising success rates and complication.
Assessing the evolutionary lability of insulin signalling in the regulation of nutritional plasticity across traits and species of horned dung beetles
Authors: Rohner Patrick T. , Casasa Sofia , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nutrition-dependent growth of sexual traits is a major contributor to phenotypic diversity, and a large body of research documents insulin signalling as a major regulator of nutritional plasticity. However, findings across studies raise the possibility that the role of individual components within the insulin signalling pathway diverges in function among traits and taxa. Here, we use RNAi-mediated transcript depletion in the gazelle dung beetle to investigate the functions of forkhead box O (Foxo) and two paralogs of the insulin receptor (InR1 and InR2) in shaping nutritional plasticity in polyphenic male head horns, exaggerated fore legs, and weakly nutrition-responsive genitalia. Our functional genetic manipulations led to three main findings: FoxoRNAi reduced the length of exaggerated head horns in large males, while neither InR1 nor InR2 knock-downs resulted in measurable horn phenotypes. These results are similar to those documented previously for another dung beetle (Onthophagus taurus), but in stark contrast to findings in rhinoceros beetles. Secondly, knockdown of Foxo, InR1, and InR2 led to an increase in the intercept or slope of the scaling relationship of genitalia size. These findings are in contrast even to results documented previously for O. taurus. Lastly, while FoxoRNAi reduces male forelegs in D. gazella and O. taurus, the effects of InR1 and InR2 knockdowns diverged across dung beetle species. Our results add to the growing body of literature indicating that despite insulin signalling's conserved role as a regulator of nutritional plasticity, the functions of its components may diversify among traits and species, potentially fuelling the evolution of scaling relationships.
Population prevalence of dual sensory loss in community‐dwelling US adults 71 years and older: Evidence from the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Garcia Morales Emmanuel E. , Reed Nicholas S. , Zhou Yunshu , Assi Sahar , Varadaraj Varshini , Lin Frank R. , Ehrlich Joshua R. , Deal Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundExisting estimates for the prevalence of dual sensory loss (vision and hearing) among older adults are either based on self‐reported measures or aggregated for older age groups. Current and detailed estimates based on objective measures are needed for public health, clinical, and policy decision‐making.MethodsWe estimated the prevalence of dual sensory loss (DSL) using National Health Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Round 11 data (2021). We restricted to community‐dwelling adults aged ≥71 years with complete sensory testing data (N = 2579). Hearing loss was defined by a 4‐frequency (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) pure tone average for the better‐hearing ear (>25 decibel hearing level). Vision loss was defined by the presence of distance, near (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution >0.30), or contrast sensitivity loss (log contrast sensitivity <1.55). Participants were categorized into three groups: no sensory loss, single sensory loss (vision or hearing loss), and DSL (hearing and vision). Sensory loss prevalence was estimated by age group and sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsIn weighted analyses, among older Medicare beneficiaries (53% female, 7% Black, 6% Hispanic), 28% had no sensory loss and 22% had DSL. Prevalence of DSL increased with age. Most adults aged ≥90 years experienced DSL (59%), as opposed to single (39%) or no sensory loss (2%). DSL prevalence was greater among older adults with low education attainment (34%) and household income (43%). A higher proportion of older adults with a college education (17%), or from wealthier households (16%), had no sensory loss.ConclusionsOne in 5 community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥71 years have DSL, increasing to 3 in 5 for those aged ≥90 years. Prevalence is higher among older adults with low education attainment and from low‐income households, characteristics associated with low treatment. Policies increasing access and affordability of vision and hearing care could benefit millions of older Americans experiencing sensory loss.
Twisted orientation of the muscle bundles in the levator ani functional parts in women: Implications for pelvic floor support mechanism
Authors: Muro Satoru , Moue Shoko , Akita Keiichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive investigation of the anatomical features of the levator ani muscle. The levator ani is a critical component of the pelvic floor; however, its intricate anatomy and functionality are poorly understood. Understanding the precise anatomy of the levator ani is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of pelvic floor disorders. Previous studies have been limited by the lack of comprehensive three‐dimensional analyses; to overcome this limitation, we analysed the levator ani muscle using a novel 3D digitised muscle‐mapping approach based on layer‐by‐layer dissection. From this examination, we determined that the levator ani consists of overlapping muscle bundles with varying orientations, particularly in the anteroinferior portion. Our findings revealed distinct muscle bundles directly attached to the rectum (LA‐re) and twisted muscle slings surrounding the anterior (LA‐a) and posterior (LA‐p) aspects of the rectum, which are considered functional parts of the levator ani. These results suggest that these specific muscle bundles of the levator ani are primarily responsible for functional performance. The levator ani plays a crucial role in rectal elevation, lifting the centre of the perineum and narrowing the levator hiatus. The comprehensive anatomical information provided by our study will enhance diagnosis accuracy and facilitate the development of targeted treatment strategies for pelvic floor disorders in clinical practice.