bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of a Photonic Orbital Gauge Field
Authors: Chang Yi‐Jun , Sheng Chong , Yang Ying‐Yue , Lu Yong‐Heng , Wang Yao , Wang Hui‐Ming , Gao Mingyuan , Wu Shi‐Bao , Liu Hui , Zhu Shining , Jin Xian‐Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGauge field is widely studied in natural and artificial materials. With an effective magnetic field for uncharged particles, many intriguing phenomena are observed in several systems like photonic Floquet topological insulator. However, previous researches about the gauge field mostly focus on limited dimensions such as the Dirac spinor in graphene materials. Here, an orbital gauge field based on photonic triangular lattices is first proposed and experimentally observed. Disclination defects with Frank angle Ω created on such lattices breaks the original lattice symmetry and generates purely geometric gauge field operating on orbital basis functions. Interestingly, it is found that bound states near zero energy with the orbital angular momentum (OAM) l = 2 are intensively confined at the disclination as gradually expanding Ω. Moreover, the introduction of a vector potential field breaks the time‐reversal symmetry of the orbital gauge field, experimentally manifested by the chiral transmission of light on helical waveguides. The orbital gauge field further suggests fantastic applications of manipulating the vortex light in photonic integrated devices.
Spontaneous Modulation Doping in Semi‐Crystalline Conjugated Polymers Leads to High Conductivity at Low Doping Concentration
Authors: Dash Aditya , Guchait Shubhradip , Scheunemann Dorothea , Vijayakumar Vishnu , Leclerc Nicolas , Brinkmann Martin , Kemerink Martijn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe possibility to control the charge carrier density through doping is one of the defining properties of semiconductors. For organic semiconductors, the doping process is known to come with several problems associated with the dopant compromising the charge carrier mobility by deteriorating the host morphology and/or introducing Coulomb traps. While for inorganic semiconductors these factors can be mitigated through (top‐down) modulation doping, this concept has not been employed in organics. Here, this work shows that properly chosen host/dopant combinations can give rise to spontaneous, bottom‐up modulation doping, in which the dopants preferentially sit in an amorphous phase, while the actual charge transport occurs predominantly in a crystalline phase with an unaltered microstructure, spatially separating dopants and mobile charges. Combining experiments and numerical simulations, this work shows that this leads to exceptionally high conductivities at relatively low dopant concentrations.
Achieving Functional Meta‐Devices by Generalized Meta‐Atom Model for Metasurfaces and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Jian , Ding Wei , Shi Yuan‐Cheng , Yao Zhen‐Xu , Wu Rui‐Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBuilt by machine‐learning, the surrogate model of metasurfaces reduces the need for a huge number of simulations in the design process, enhancing the efficiency and performance of the designed meta‐devices. However, the surrogate model of metasurfaces is often constructed‐based on specific physical perspectives or experiences, which limits its versatility. In this study, a generalized surrogate meta‐atom model for metasurfaces is introduced. This model can simulate arbitrary meta‐atoms and their corresponding electromagnetic responses at any polarization within the full space of pixelated unit cells. Utilizing a genetic algorithm, the model is employed to design various types of meta‐devices, automatically generating configurations of meta‐atoms with optimal performance for specific application scenarios. Three typical meta‐devices, including the reflective linear‐circular polarization converter, the metasurface‐based absorber, and the asymmetrical transmission meta‐slab, are designed and validated through full‐wave simulations and/or experiments. This work presents an efficient and flexible approach to model arbitrary metasurfaces, opening new possibilities for metasurface design and applications.
Cellulose Nanocrystals are a Renewable and Biocompatible Nanocarrier of Agrochemicals Directly to Plant Cells
Authors: Vinzant Kari , Clouse Delaney E. , Amit Sadat Kamal , Ivanov Ilia N. , Davis Virginia A. , Khodakovskaya Mariya V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMore sustainable agricultural practices are critical to meeting humanity's food needs while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Engineered nanomaterials used as nanocarriers promise to reduce the volume of agrochemicals required for crop production but concerns about nanocontamination of agricultural products necessitate the discovery of naturally occurring alternatives. Here, plant‐derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a “green” alternative to man‐made nanomaterials for the economical delivery of agrochemicals to plants are suggested. Using confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled CNC, it is demonstrated that CNC can successfully penetrate the plant cell wall and enter cells without causing any negative effects on the overall plant phenotype, genome, and metabolome. The efficiency of CNC to deliver chemicals is demonstrated through in vitro tests involving CNC covalently conjugated with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D). Plant cell culture experiments confirmed that CNC can be used as a 2,4‐D nanocarrier and reduces the volume of plant growth regulators needed to cultivate plant cells. This work creates a new platform for cyclical agricultural practices where CNC extracted from agricultural waste can be used for the direct delivery of agrochemicals to crops, thereby reducing the environmental burden created by both agricultural waste and excess herbicides.
Accelerating Diabetic Wound Healing by Modulating the Inflammatory Environment Using Quercetin–Rosemary Oil Lipid Nanoemulsions with Artificial Intelligence‐Based Wound Closure Analysis
Authors: Ali Mohammad Sadik , Pebam Monika , Buddhiraju Hima Sree , Dey Sreenath , Bantal Veeresh , Ganapathy Nagarajan , Madhavan Divyadarshini , Rengan Aravind Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiabetic wounds are a significant complication of diabetes that is characterized by delayed wound healing and a high risk of amputation. The overexpression of pro‐inflammatory macrophages (M1) and matrix metallo protease‐9 (MMP‐9) plays a crucial role in the extended inflammatory phase, which is characteristic of these wounds. This study develops multifunctional lipid nanoemulsions known as Quercetin and Rosemary Oil Lipid Nanoemulsions (Q‐RLNEs) that can effectively convert M1 to M2 macrophages, inhibit MMP‐9 and prevent microbial infections, thereby expediting the healing of diabetic wounds. Q‐RLNEs exhibit excellent biocompatibility, cellular uptake, ROS scavenging, macrophage polarization, MMP‐9 inhibition, and potent antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. In vivo experiments further reveal Q‐RLNE's ability to accelerate complete wound healing in diabetic‐induced rats by reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and facilitating proper collagen deposition and dermal projection regeneration. This study introduces the application of the Segment Anything Model (SAM). SAM combines attention‐fusion and hybrid fusion strategies for accurate segmentation, enabling comprehensive analysis of wound attributes over time and guiding treatment decisions. The SAM analysis results also align with Q‐RLNE in vitro and in vivo. The findings of this study suggest that Q‐RLNE is a promising new therapeutic agent for accelerating diabetic wound healing.
Acidic Osteoid Templates the Plywood Structure of Bone Tissue
Authors: Robin Marc , Djediat Chakib , Bardouil Arnaud , Baccile Niki , Chareyron Camille , Zizak Ivo , Fratzl Peter , Selmane Mohamed , Haye Bernard , Genois Isabelle , Krafft Jean‐Marc , Costentin Guylène , Azaïs Thierry , Artzner Franck , Giraud‐Guille Marie‐Madeleine , Zaslansky Paul , Nassif Nadine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBone is created by osteoblasts that secrete osteoid after which an ordered texture emerges, followed by mineralization. Plywood geometries are a hallmark of many trabecular and cortical bones, yet the origin of this texturing in vivo has never been shown. Nevertheless, extensive in vitro work revealed how plywood textures of fibrils can emerge from acidic molecular cholesteric collagen mesophases. This study demonstrates in sheep, which is the preferred model for skeletal orthopaedic research, that the deeper non‐fibrillar osteoid is organized in a liquid‐crystal cholesteric geometry. This basophilic domain, rich in acidic glycosaminoglycans, exhibits low pH which presumably fosters mesoscale collagen molecule ordering in vivo. The results suggest that the collagen fibril motif of twisted plywood matures slowly through self‐assembly thermodynamically driven processes as proposed by the Bouligand theory of biological analogues of liquid crystals. Understanding the steps of collagen patterning in osteoid‐maturation processes may shed new light on bone pathologies that emerge from collagen physico‐chemical maturation imbalances.
Transformation of Black Phosphorus through Lattice Reconstruction for NIR‐II‐Responsive Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Lie , Jiang Mingyang , Chu Chenchen , Luo Tingting , Hui Yun , Zhou Wenhua , Geng Shengyong , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe photothermal performance of black phosphorus (BP) in the near infrared (NIR)‐II bio‐window (1000–1500 nm) is low, which limits its biomedical applications. Herein, ultrasmall nickel phosphide quantum dots (Ni2P QDs) are synthesized with BP quantum dots (BPQDs) as the template by topochemical transformation. The size of Ni2P QDs is ≈3.5 nm, similar to that of BPQDs, whereas the absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency of Ni2P QDs at 1064 nm (43.5%) are significantly improved compared with those of BPQDs. To facilitate in vivo applications, an Ni2P QDs‐based liposomal nano‐platform (Ni2P‐DOX@Lipo‐cRGD) is designed by incorporation of Ni2P QDs and doxorubicin (DOX) into liposomal bilayers and the interior, respectively. The encapsulated DOX is responsively released from liposomes upon 1064‐nm laser irradiation owing to the photothermal effect of Ni2P QDs, and the drug release rate and amount are controlled by the light intensity and exposure time. In vivo, experiments show that Ni2P‐DOX@Lipo‐cRGD has excellent tumor target capability and biocompatibility, as well as complete tumor ablation through the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. The work provides a new paradigm for the NIR‐II transformation of nano‐materials and may shed light on the construction of multifunctional nano‐platforms for cancer treatment.
Estimating the impact of cover crop adoption on ambient nitrogen concentration in the upper Mississippi River drainage
Authors: Hsieh Hsin‐Chieh , Gramig Benjamin M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe examine cover crop (CC) adoption to determine how this soil health practice has influenced agricultural non‐point source pollution. We use remotely sensed data on practice adoption, and control for hydrological flow direction, weather, and land use to estimate the ex post impact of CC on total Nitrogen concentrations in surface water while controlling for pollutant spillovers from upstream. At the mean treatment level in the study area (3.2%), a 1% increase in CC adoption results in a 0.06 mg/L (2%) reduction in concentration in the study area. Results provide novel estimates based on observed data that can be compared to biophysical simulations of CC effectiveness.
Association of impaired cognitive function with balance confidence, static balance, dynamic balance, functional mobility, and risk of falls in older adults with depression
Authors: Khan Zainab , Saif Ashi , Chaudhry Neera , Parveen Adila 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesIncreased depression severity has been linked to cognitive impairment (CI). Importantly, CI is a known risk factor for impaired balance and falls. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between CI and neuromuscular functions and secondarily it aims to find out if CI is a potential predictor for neuromuscular functions deficits in depressed elderly.MethodsEighty‐four depressed elderly participated in the study. Assessment for CI symptoms were done using Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) in subjects having confirmed depression. Neuromuscular functions such as balance confidence, static and dynamic balance, functional mobility, and fall risk were subjectively assessed using Activities‐specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, and Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), respectively.ResultsPearson's analysis revealed that there was moderate positive linear‐correlation between MMSE and BBS (R = 0.382,p = <0.001) and between MMSE and ABC (R = 0.229,p = 0.036*). Further, regression analysis (R2) revealed that MMSE significantly predicted the neuromuscular functions using BBS [F(1, 82) = 14.013,p < 0.001, with anR2of 0.146] and ABC [F(1, 82) = 4.545,p= 0.036*, with anR2of 0.053].ConclusionResults of this study points to an impaired CI as a possible factor in development of neuromuscular function impairment in depressed elderly.
Investigating the linkages between food insecurity, psychological distress, and poor sleep outcomes among U.S. college students
Authors: Kopels Miriam C. , Shattuck Eric C. , Rocha Jennifer , Roulette Casey J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveResearch overwhelmingly demonstrates that sleep is key to human health and wellbeing. Several factors likely contribute to sleep quality, including factors, such as food security and low income. In addition, exposure to structural inequalities early in life likely have downstream effects upon multiple dimensions of health. The objective of this study is to fill gaps in literature by specifically examining the associations between childhood food insecurity, current food insecurity, psychological distress, and sleep among college students.MethodsQR codes were randomly distributed to students, linking them to an online quantitative survey. The survey measured sociodemographic variables, food security (current and childhood), diet, mental distress, and sleep quality. A total of n = 134 completed the entire survey. Data were analyzed using binary and multiple linear regressions, as well as cross‐tabulations.ResultsThe findings revealed that psychological distress was the primary factor influencing sleep health (𝛽 = 1.51, p < .01). Students reporting higher childhood food insecurity were more likely to experience extreme psychological distress (OR = 4.61), food insecurity in college (OR = 8.41), and lack of stable housing (OR = 5.86).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that potential linkages exist between childhood food insecurity, poor sleep, and greater psychological distress. While acknowledging the contribution of other factors, the study highlights the importance of addressing food insecurity in relation to sleep health, considering the significant impact of sleep to overall health and wellbeing.
Response to Comment on “On the Evolution Equations of Nonlinearly Permissible, Coherent Hole Structures Propagating Persistently in Collisionless Plasmas” [Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 2023, 2300102]
Authors: Schamel Hans , Chakrabarti Nikhil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOur critical analysis of Hutchinson's work, expressed in our recent article in the Annalen der Physik, which goes beyond mutual misunderstandings and misrepresentations, is also maintained in light of his Comment. The main reason for the limited yield in structural description is the author's adherence to the BGK method and the associated lack of a nonlinear dispersion relation (NDR). Even with an additional asymptotic constraint, as a supposed replacement for the NDR, the author's theory remains inferior to the pseudo‐potential method.
A Systematic Investigation of Proteoforms with N‐Terminal Glycine and Their Dynamics Reveals Its Impacts on Protein Stability
Authors: Xu Senhan , Xu Xing , Wang Zeyu , Wu Ronghu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe N‐termini of proteins can regulate their degradation, and the same protein with different N‐termini may have distinct dynamics. Recently, it was found that N‐terminal glycine can serve as a degron recognized by two E3 ligases, but N‐terminal glycine was also reported to stabilize proteins. Here we developed a chemoenzymatic method for selective enrichment of proteoforms with N‐terminal glycine and integrated dual protease cleavage to further improve the enrichment specificity. Over 2000 unique peptides with protein N‐terminal glycine were analyzed from >1000 proteins, and most of them are previously unknown, indicating the effectiveness of the current method to capture low‐abundance proteoforms with N‐terminal glycine. The degradation rates of proteoforms with N‐terminal glycine were quantified along with those of proteins from the whole proteome. Bioinformatic analyses reveal that proteoforms with N‐terminal glycine with the fastest and slowest degradation rates have different functions and localizations. Membrane proteins with N‐terminal glycine and proteins with N‐terminal glycine from the N‐terminal methionine excision degrade more rapidly. Furthermore, the secondary structures, adjacent amino acid residues, and protease specificities for N‐terminal glycine are also vital for protein degradation. The results advance our understanding of the effects of N‐terminal glycine on protein properties and functions.
Binary Atomic Sites Enable a Confined Bidirectional Tandem Electrocatalytic Sulfur Conversion for Low‐Temperature All‐Solid‐State Na−S Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wang Mingli , Zhang Hong , Huang Xianglong , Shen Boyuan , Song Bin , Fu Lin , Lu Ke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe broader implementation of current all‐solid‐state Na−S batteries is still plagued by high operation temperature and inefficient sulfur utilization. And the uncontrollable sulfur speciation pathway along with the sluggish polysulfide redox kinetics further compromise the theoretical potentials of Na−S chemistry. Herein, we report a confined bidirectional tandem electrocatalysis effect to tune polysulfide electrochemistry in a novel low‐temperature (80 °C) all‐solid‐state Na−S battery that utilizes Na3Zr2Si2PO12 ceramic membrane as a platform. The bifunctional hollow sulfur matrix consisting binary atomically dispersed MnN4 and CoN4 hotspots was fabricated using a sacrificial template process. Upon discharge, CoN4 sites activate sulfur species and catalyze long‐chain to short‐chain polysulfides reduction, while MnN4 centers substantially accelerate the low‐kinetic Na2S4 to Na2S directly conversion, manipulating the uniform deposition of electroactive Na2S and avoiding the formation of irreversible products (e.g., Na2S2). The intrinsic synergy of two catalytic centers benefits the Na2S decomposition and minimizes its activation barrier during battery recharging and then efficiently mitigate the cathodic passivation. As a result, the stable cycling of all‐solid‐state Na−S cell delivers an attractive reversible capacity of 1060 mAh g−1 with a high CE of 98.5 % and a high energy of 1008 Wh kgcathode−1, comparable to the liquid electrolyte cells.
Das Diterpenoide Substratanalogon 19‐nor‐GGPP deckt ausgeprägte Methylgruppeneffekte bei Diterpencyclisierungen auf
Authors: Taizoumbe Kizerbo A. , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDas Substratanalogon 19‐nor‐Geranylgeranyldiphosphat (19‐nor‐GGPP) wurde synthetisiert und mit 20 Diterpensynthasen inkubiert, was in allen Fällen zur Bildung von Diterpenoiden führte. Aus diesen Enzymreaktionen wurden insgesamt 23 verschiedene Verbindungen isoliert und strukturell charakterisiert, wenn möglich einschließlich der experimentellen Bestimmung absoluter Konfigurationen durch einen stereoselektiven Deuterierungsansatz. In mehreren Fällen führte die fehlende 19‐Me‐Gruppe im Substratanalogon zur Eröffnung völlig neuer Reaktionswege hin zu Verbindungen mit neuartigen Gerüsten. DFT‐Rechnungen wurden angewendet, um ein tieferes Verständnis dieser beobachteten Methylgruppeneffekte bei der Diterpenbiosynthese zu gewinnen.
Revealing the Dominance of the Dissolution‐Deposition Mechanism in Aqueous Zn−MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Li Yadong , Li Yuhao , Liu Qingshan , Liu Yongshuai , Wang Tiansheng , Cui Mingjin , Ding Yu , Li Hongsen , Yu Guihua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractZn−MnO2 batteries have attracted extensive attention for grid‐scale energy storage applications, however, the energy storage chemistry of MnO2 in mild acidic aqueous electrolytes remains elusive and controversial. Using α‐MnO2 as a case study, we developed a methodology by coupling conventional coin batteries with customized beaker batteries to pinpoint the operating mechanism of Zn−MnO2 batteries. This approach visually simulates the operating state of batteries in different scenarios and allows for a comprehensive study of the operating mechanism of aqueous Zn−MnO2 batteries under mild acidic conditions. It is validated that the electrochemical performance can be modulated by controlling the addition of Mn2+ to the electrolyte. The method is utilized to systematically eliminate the possibility of Zn2+ and/or H+ intercalation/de‐intercalation reactions, thereby confirming the dominance of the MnO2/Mn2+ dissolution‐deposition mechanism. By combining a series of phase and spectroscopic characterizations, the compositional, morphological and structural evolution of electrodes and electrolytes during battery cycling is probed, elucidating the intrinsic battery chemistry of MnO2 in mild acid electrolytes. Such a methodology developed can be extended to other energy storage systems, providing a universal approach to accurately identify the reaction mechanism of aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries as well.
Thermal stability and degradation mechanism of C60 fullerene‐based polymers
Authors: Lisa Gabriela , Cleminte Cerasela‐Ionela , Michinobu Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the thermal stability and degradation mechanisms of C60 fullerene‐based polymers, obtained by click polymerization between dialkyne‐substituted C60 derivative monomers and 1,3,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)benzene‐based diazide comonomers, were evaluated. The activation energy of the fullerene polymer C60P2 with an ethylene spacer, determined under peak degradation rate conditions, was lower than that of the counter polymer C60P1 with a methylene spacer, suggesting lower thermal stability of C60P2. The combined technique of thermogravimetric analysis—mass spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the thermal decomposition onset of the analyzed samples is accompanied by CC cleavage of the dodecyloxyside chain groups, followed by the decomposition of the 1,2,3‐triazole, dicarboxylate and benzoate moieties. It was found that no thermal decomposition of the fullerene carbon cage occurs up to 670°C. Molecular modeling with Hyperchem software version 7.5 confirmed that C60P1 is more thermally stable than C60P2.