bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-task interaction learning for accurate segmentation and classification of breast tumors in ultrasound images
Authors: Zheng Shenhai , Li Jianfei , Qiao Lihong , Gao Xi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective. In breast diagnostic imaging, the morphological variability of breast tumors and the inherent ambiguity of ultrasound images pose significant challenges. Moreover, multi-task computer-aided diagnosis systems in breast imaging may overlook inherent relationships between pixel-wise segmentation and categorical classification tasks. &#xD;Approach. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning network with deep inter-task interactions that exploits the inherently relations between two tasks. First, we fuse self-task attention and cross-task attention mechanisms to explore the two types of interaction information, location and semantic, between tasks. In addition, a feature aggregation block is developed based on the channel attention mechanism, which reduces the semantic differences between the decoder and the encoder. To exploit inter-task further, our network uses an circle training strategy to refine heterogeneous feature with the help of segmentation maps obtained from previous training. &#xD;Main results. The experimental results show that our method achieved excellent performance on the BUSI and BUS-B datasets, with DSCs of 81.95% and 86.41% for segmentation tasks, and F1 scores of 82.13% and 69.01% for classification tasks, respectively. &#xD;Significance. The proposed multi-task interaction learning not only enhances the performance of all tasks related to breast tumor segmentation and classification but also promotes research in multi-task learning, providing further insights for clinical applications.}
Proton minibeam (pMBRT) radiation therapy: experimental validation of Monte Carlo dose calculation in the RayStation TPS
Authors: Lin Yuting , Traneus Erik , Wang Aoxiang , Li Wangyao , Gao Hao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background. Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a spatially fractionated radiation therapy modality that uses a multi-slit collimator (MSC) to create submillimeter slit openings for spatial dose modulation. The pMBRT dose profile is characterized by highly heterogeneous dose in the plane perpendicular to the beam and rapidly changing depth dose profiles. Dose measurements are typically benchmarked against in-house Monte Carlo (MC) simulation tools. For preclinical and clinical translation, a treatment planning system (TPS) capable of accurately predicting pMBRT doses in tissue and accessible on a commercial platform is essential. This study focuses on the beam modeling and verification of pMBRT using the RayStation TPS, a critical step in advancing its clinical implementation. Methods. The pMBRT system was implemented in RayStation for the IBA Proteus®ONE single-room compact proton machine. The RayStation pMBRT model is an extension of the clinical beam model, allowing pMBRT dose calculations through the MSC using the existing clinical beam model. Adjustable MSC parameters include air gap, slit thickness, slit pitch, number of slits, slits direction and slit thickness. The pMBRT TPS was validated experimentally against measurements using six different collimators with various slit widths (0.4–1.4 mm) and center-to-center slit distances (2.8–4.0 mm). Each collimator comprised five non-divergent slits. Validation involved MatriXX measurements for average dose, Gafchromic film placed at varying depths to measure lateral dose profiles, and film placed along the beam axis to measure depth-dose curves in solid water phantoms. A single 150 MeV energy layer with a 0.5 cm spot spacing was used to create a uniform radiation map across the MSC field. Results. The comparison of average depth dose measurements with RayStation MC calculations showed a gamma passing rate better than 95% using 3 mm/3% criteria, except for the 0.4 mm slit width. After adjusting the slit width by 40–60 μm to account for machining uncertainties, the gamma passing rate exceeded 95% under the same criteria. For the peaks and valleys of the percentage depth doses, agreement between RayStation and film measurements was above 90% using 2 mm/5% criteria, except in the high linear energy transfer region. Lateral profile comparisons at depths of 2, 6, and 10 cm demonstrated over 90% agreement for all curves using 0.2 mm/5% criteria. Conclusions. The pMBRT beam model for the Proteus®ONE-based system has been successfully implemented in RayStation TPS, with its initial accuracy validated experimentally. Further measurements, including additional energies and Spread Out Bragg Peaks, are required to complete the clinical commissioning process.
First 2D electron density measurements using multi-delay coherence imaging spectroscopy in the MAST-U Super-X divertor
Authors: Lonigro N , Doyle R S , Allcock J S , Lipschultz B , Verhaegh K , Bowman C , Brida D , Harrison J , Myatra O , Silburn S , Theiler C , Wijkamp T A ,   MAST-U Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
2D profiles of electron density and neutral temperature are inferred from multi-delay coherence imaging spectroscopy data of divertor plasmas using a non-linear inversion technique. The inference is based on imaging the spectral line-broadening of Balmer lines and can differentiate between the Doppler and Stark broadening components by measuring the fringe contrast at multiple interferometric delays simultaneously. The model has been applied to images generated from simulated density profiles to evaluate its performance. Typical mean absolute errors of 30% are achieved, which are consistent with Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation accounting for noise, uncertainties in the calibrations, and in the model inputs. The analysis has been tested on experimental data from the MAST-U Super-X divertor, where it infers typical electron densities of 2–3 1019 m−3 and neutral temperatures of 0–2 eV during beam-heated L-mode discharges. The results are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the other available diagnostics.
Sub-1 V/cm E-FISH-based picosecond electric field measurements in atmospheric pressure air
Authors: LaCombe Grayson , Wang Jianan , Frederickson Kraig , Simeni Simeni Marien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We report on the development of a highly sensitive electric field induced second harmonic generation diagnostic setup capable of measuring electric field strengths as low as 1

V

cm

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1

at the picosecond time scale under atmospheric pressure conditions. This unprecedented sensitivity is achieved through passive homodyne detection, which utilizes stray signals generated by an optical component in the beam path. Our detection limit of 0.3–0.5

V

cm

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1

represents an improvement of over 2–3 orders of magnitude compared to previous reports (100–1000

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cm

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1

) in the literature. Additionally, we demonstrate sensitivity to the polarity of the electric field. Experimental results are corroborated by simulations of the 400 ps time-resolved homodyne process, offering deeper insights into the enhanced detection capabilities and the system’s ability to resolve the field sign.
Piezoelectric energy harvesting: a review of energy sources, structures, and working mechanisms in high-frequency excitations and operations
Authors: Xiao Yu , Han Qinkai , Wu Nan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The advancement of information and energy technologies has spurred an increased demand for low-power and compact electronic devices with across various fields. Developing energy harvesting technologies to capture ambient and sustainable energy offers a promising solution to complement or replace conventional batteries. The piezoelectric technique provides a solution for energy harvesting from different energy sources, and high-frequency operation in piezoelectric energy harvesting offers several advantages. These include increased power output, as more charge is generated per unit of time, which increases the current. Additionally, better alignment with the natural resonance of piezoelectric elements enhances energy conversion efficiency. Considering the growing interest in efficient energy harvesting, a review of recent advancements in piezoelectric energy harvesting under high-frequency excitations and operations is presented in this paper. A brief introduction to the operating modes of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is first introduced to provide a general understanding of energy conversion from the piezoelectric effect. PEHs under high-frequency operations from different energy sources are then reviewed and classified into three categories: wind, vehicle and train, and water flow. Next, novel ideas and structures to facilitate high-frequency operations for PEHs are summarized and discussed in detail. Subsequently, the working mechanisms for PEHs under high-frequency operations are described in detail and classified into three groups: high-speed rotation, frequency up-conversion, and friction-induced vibration mechanisms. Finally, applying advanced piezoelectric materials in novel structures and fostering application-oriented prototype testing are identified as trends for future development.
Development of a rotary piezoelectric platform with smooth displacement output based on tripod cooperation force adjustment mechanism
Authors: Deng Jie , Liu Yuxin , Lu Fei , Wang Weiyi , Liu Yingxiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inertial piezoelectric platforms have gained widespread attention for their high resolution, fast response, simple exciting scheme and structure. However, current inertial piezoelectric platforms face challenges in achieving smooth displacement output due to the inherent backward motion. To address this issue, a tripod cooperation force adjustment mechanism is proposed and a rotary piezoelectric platform is developed to achieve smooth output. The piezoelectric platform adopts three patch-type piezoelectric units to adjust the driving force in the operating cycle. The direction of the resultant force remains unchanged in the slip motion period as two units still move forward when one unit moves back, and the rollback displacement can be avoided. The structure of the rotary piezoelectric platform is designed by the assistance of theoretical and simulation analyses. A prototype is fabricated and its experiments are performed. Smooth displacement output is achieved based on the proposed tripod cooperation force adjustment mechanism, which could significantly suppress the backward displacement compared with the traditional force adjustment mechanism.
Novel nanosensors represented by CdS/ZnS quantum dots doped with manganese (II) Ions for detection of vancomycin
Authors: Shilova S V , Sagdeev D O , Mirgaleev G M , Romanova K A , Galyametdinov Yu G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper demonstrates potential for analytical nanosensoring offered by core–shell CdS/ZnS and CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) doped with manganese (II) ions for rapid detection of a glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin (VNC) in aqueous media by luminescence quenching. ‘core–shell’ quantum dots were synthesized by colloidal method and hydrophilized by mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). To reveal the mechanism for luminescence quenching of these nanosensors, we studied spectral characteristics of QDs and VNC and revealed a complex influence of VNC on the luminescence quenching of CdS/ZnS and Cd0.9Mn0.1S/ZnS nanoparticles. We performed quantum chemical calculations of the equilibrium geometry and IR spectra of the VNC-MPA system and the bond energies in the CdS/ZnS–MPA–VNC system. The luminescence quenching of CdS/ZnS QDs by vancomycin was shown to linearly depend on its concentration in the 35–690 μM range with the determination coefficient R2 = 0.988. The luminescence quenching of Cd0.9Mn0.1S/ZnS QDs was linearly sensitive to vancomycin in the narrower concentration range of 0–207 μM with the determination coefficient R2 = 0.999. The detection thresholds of vancomycin were found to be 56.2 μM and 1.9 μM by CdS/ZnS QDs and CdS/ZnS QDs doped with Mn (II) ions, respectively.
A multilayer snowflake resonator metamaterial for low-frequency broadband sound absorption
Authors: Liang Xiao , Shi Liang , Zhang Zhi , Tang Zhongyuan , Ye Yu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Low-frequency broadband sound-absorbing structures with smaller thicknesses are the focus of research in noise control. Based on the principle of Helmholtz resonant cavity and the internal spacer chamber division structure, a multilayer snowflake resonator metamaterial (MLSRCM) is proposed. The MLSRCM model is investigated using theoretical and simulation methods, and it is concluded that the MLSRCM has excellent sound absorption performance in the frequency range of 450–950 Hz with a thickness of only 28 mm. This mainly originated from the parallel connection of multi-units as well as the application of the weak resonance effect of coherent coupling and the full utilization of space. The broadband sound absorption mechanism in MLSRCM is theoretically investigated by analyzing the complex frequency plane. Subsequently, the sound absorption mechanism of the structure is further analyzed in terms of sound velocity and power dissipation density. The results show that the MLSRCM has excellent low-frequency broadband acoustic absorption performance, which provides a reference for the design of new acoustic-absorbing metamaterials with small thicknesses.
Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency based on vanadium dioxide microstructures
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Dong-Qin , Jin Zhong-Wei , Fang Bin , Pan Gui-Ming , Hong Zhi , Shu Fang-Zhou 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based on metasurfaces has made significant advancements in the past decade. The ability to actively tune EIT is desirable for practical applications, and this has been accomplished by integrating metallic structures with tunable materials. Here, we propose a dynamically tunable EIT using a metasurface composed of vanadium dioxide (VO2) microstructures without additional metallic structures. A single cut wire and a pair of U-Shape split ring microstructures are combined to design the unit cell of the VO2 metasurface, which functions as bright and dark modes, respectively. The destructive interference between these two modes causes an EIT-like resonance at the terahertz band for VO2 in its metallic phase. However, when VO2 transitions into its insulating phase, the EIT resonance gradually vanishes. Theoretical analyses based on the electric field distribution and coupled harmonic oscillator model indicate that the tunable EIT is due to changes in the attenuation rate of two modes. Furthermore, the phase transition of VO2 can generate tunable group delays. The active EIT utilizing VO2 microstructures could be applied in terahertz modulators and tunable slow light devices.
Medical image segmentation with hybrid neural networks
Authors: Li Chuangwei , Li Ling-Fang , Wang Xiaojun , Luo Ming-Xing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent advancements in CNN and Transformer-based models have significantly advanced medical image segmentation. CNN-based models are less effective at capturing global contexts than Transformer-based models and Transformers have structural disadvantages that limit their ability to capture detailed spatial information. In this paper, we introduce an Dual-Encoder Fusion Model that incorporates a novel Correlation Fusion Module (CFM) for medical image segmentation tasks. This model leverages the strengths of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for local context modeling and Transformers for comprehending long-range dependencies in pixel interactions. Experimental results demonstrate a substantial improvement over existing models on the Synapse dataset, achieving enhancements of 2.28% and 3.47% on the dice metric for Aorta and Pancreas organs respectively. Additionally, our model attains the highest mean HD95 score of 9.05 on the Synapse dataset while utilizing fewer parameters. When evaluated on the MSD datasets, our model outperforms a fine-tuned nnUNet in three out of five tumor detection tasks and maintains competitive performance in three out of four organ boundary delineation tasks. Notably, on the MSD-Lung dataset, our model surpasses a fine-tuned nnUNet on the dice metric by 6.4%. These results underscore the effectiveness of the CFM module within the dual-encoder architecture.
Exploring soliton and soliton-type solutions to the modified Camassa-Holm and Schrödinger-Hirota equations: an analytical approach
Authors: Aziz Md Abdul , Iqbal Md Ashik , Akbar M Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the solitary wave solutions of two nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs): the modified Camassa-Holm (MCH) equation and the Schrödinger-Hirota (SH) equation. Both are widely used, especially in fluid dynamics, nonlinear optics, and quantum mechanics. We analytically extract solitary wave solutions to the considered equations by applying the

G
′

/

G
′

+
G
+
A

-expansion method which enhances the understanding of wave dynamics in various fields of mathematical physics and engineering. The graphical representations of the obtained results of these two equations for certain values are shown in 3D, 2D, contour, and density plot diagrams, all of which are of the soliton types with one compacton, one anti-flat kink-shaped, one anti-bell-shaped, and one parabolic-shaped soliton. Moreover, we analyze the role of non-algebraic functions, specifically exponential and trigonometric functions, in characterizing the intricate waveforms and their stability properties. We systematically explore the applicability of the chosen expansion method, demonstrating its effectiveness in generating explicit solutions and examining the conditions under which these solitary wave phenomena arise. The novel findings contribute new analytical insights into these classical equations and pave the way for future research into the complex behaviors exhibited by nonlinear wave interactions.
A wide band circularly polarized antenna using meta surface for Wi-Fi applications
Authors: B Swapna Kumari , Sunder M Shyam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A circularly polarized, single-feed, low-profile patch antenna with enhanced gain and bandwidth for WI –FI applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna has a slot-loaded square patch (SLSP) is placed between reactive impedance structure (RIS)-based metasurface (MS) and the ground plane. A 6 × 6 circular RIS metasurface is used to improve the gain, impedance and axial ratio bandwidth. The antenna prototype’s overall dimensions are 60 mm × 60 mm × 3.6 mm.The measured impedance bandwidth (IBW) of the proposed antenna is 26% (4.98GHz–6.48 GHz) which covers the 5 GHz (5.150–5.850 GHz) and 6 GHz (5.950–7.125 GHz) frequency bands of wireless spectrum. The antenna exhibits right hand circular polarization with maximum measured gain of 6.5 dBic and the 3-dB ARBW is 5.23% (5.47GHz–5.77 GHz).
Investigating the kinetic effects on current gradient-driven instabilities of electron current layers via particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Mishra Sushmita , Gaur Gurudatt , Patel Bhavesh G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electron current layers, which form in various natural and laboratory plasmas, are susceptible to multiple instabilities, with tearing being a prominent instability driven by current gradients. Tearing is considered a potential mechanism for magnetic reconnection in collisionless regimes, where electron inertia acts as a non-ideal factor that causes magnetic field lines to break and reconnect. In contrast, another mode, known as the surface-preserving mode, also driven by current gradients, maintains the magnetic field topology. In this study, we investigate the kinetic effects on these modes in the presence of finite electron temperatures using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Our findings reveal that temperature significantly stabilizes the tearing mode, particularly at higher temperatures, due to an increased electron Larmor radius and the associated magnetic field diffusion. We also examine the interplay between the guide field and temperature. Additionally, we observe that growth rates for the surface-preserving mode, in contrast to the tearing mode, increase with temperature, likely due to enhanced electron flow velocities. Furthermore, we identify cases with mixed modes, where both tearing and surface-preserving modes coexist, exhibiting asymmetric structures characteristic of asymmetric magnetic reconnection. Finally, we outline potential future research directions that build upon our findings.
Improving lithium-ion battery state of health estimation with an integrated convolutional neural network, gated recurrent unit, and squeeze-and-excitation model
Authors: Chen Xueyang , Chen Mengyang , Fang Weiwei , Ye Jilei , Liu Lili , Wu Yuping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Estimating the State of Health (SOH) of lithium batteries is vital for the safe management of new energy systems. This study leverages voltage, current, and temperature data from the NASA battery dataset to extract health features. The relationship between these features and battery capacity is evaluated using mutual information analysis. An integrated Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) model (CNN-GRU-SE) for estimating battery SOH is proposed. The CNN module identifies local features from the input data, the SE module emphasizes key features, and the GRU module captures temporal dependencies, effectively tracking the battery’s health trend over time. The estimation results indicate that the CNN-GRU-SE model reduces the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by approximately 3% to 10% compared to the CNN, GRU, and CNN-GRU models. These results confirm the superior estimation capability of the integrated CNN-GRU-SE model. Furthermore, the study underscores the effective integration of the strengths of CNN, SE modules, and GRU, demonstrating its potential application in battery health management.
Measuring line-of-sight distances to haloes with astrometric lensing B-mode
Authors: Inoue Kaiki Taro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Relative astrometric shifts between multiply lensed images provide a valuable tool to investigate haloes in the intergalactic space. In strong lens systems in which a single lens plays the primary role in producing multiple images, the gravitational force exerted by line-of-sight (LOS) haloes can slightly change the relative positions of multiply lensed images produced by the dominant lens. In such cases, a LOS halo positioned sufficiently far from the dominant lens along the LOS can create a pattern in the scaled deflection angle that corresponds to the B-mode (magnetic or divergence-free mode). By measuring both the B-mode and E-mode (electric or rotation-free mode), we can determine the LOS distance ratios, as well as the `bare' convergence and shear perturbations in the absence of the dominant lens. However, scale variations in the distance ratio lead to mass-sheet transformations in the background lens plane, introducing some uncertainty in the distance ratio estimation. This uncertainty can be significantly reduced by measuring the time delays between the lensed images. Additionally, if we obtain the redshift values of both the dominant and perturbing haloes, along with the time delays between the multiply lensed images that are affected by the haloes, the B-mode can break the degeneracy related to mass-sheet transformations in both the foreground and background lens planes. Therefore, measuring the astrometric lensing B-mode has the potential to substantially decrease the uncertainty in determining the Hubble constant.