bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychimmunological Aspects and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: El-Mrasey Ibrahim Mohamed , Shamaa Gamal Taha , Issa Mai Abd EL-Raouf , Hussein Mohamed Zakaria , Selim Ahmed Fawzy 
Published: October 2023

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder and may coexist with psychiatric disorders. We aimed to establish new directions for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in IBS patients by assessment of the quality of life (QOL) and the immunological role in IBS.
Methods: This study was carried out on 80 subjects aged from 18 to 65 years old, both sexes, assigned into two groups: group I included 60 patients were diagnosed with IBS according to ROM-IV diagnostic criteria and were further divided according to age into two groups, first group is (18-40) years and second group is (41-65) years. Group II: Included 20 subjects as a healthy Control group.
Results: The younger age group of patients with IBS have a significantly better overall QOL and its domains than the older age group. Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression scores were significantly higher in female patients and older age groups. Patients with psychiatric comorbidity had a lower QOL and its domains than patients without psychiatric comorbidity with a significant difference between both groups. There was a significant difference in serum Interlukin-6 between patients with IBS and healthy control group. Also in serum Interlukin-6 patients with IBS comorbid psychiatric disorders and patients without psychiatric comorbidity with.
Conclusions: Psychiatric symptoms are presented earlier in Egyptian IBS. A higher percentage of psychiatric disorders are presented with severe forms of IBS affecting the prognosis of IBS and subsequently the QOL and health costs.
An Empirical Study on Factors Influencing on Dividend Payout in India with Respect to NIFTY 50 Companies
Authors: Nikhil Pavuloor , Marisetty Nagendra 
Published: October 2023

This article examined the factors influencing the dividend payout of Non financing and non-banking companies listed in NIFTY 50 India. Generating profit is one of the key characteristics of the successful firms. So, when these profits are attained firms distribute profits with their shareholders (investor’s) in the form of dividends. So here we are going to see the various factors which are influencing the dividend payout in India’s NIFTY Fifty. This study covers for the tenure of 5 financial years (2018 - 2023). Various theoretical models have been developed by academicians and researchers to empirical examine the impact of factors on dividend payout ratios of different companies, and it is also suggested that managers should use these models while making decision for dividend payments, Grullon et al. (2002).
So, in this paper we are going to find the various factors influencing the dividend payout, and we are also going to draw the conclusion by using Descriptive Statistics, Correlation, Simple Regression and Panel Data Analysis. Companies with higher ROE tend to exhibit higher dividend payout ratios, underscoring the role of profitability as a strong driver of dividend distribution policies. Conversely, the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DE Ratio) consistently demonstrates a negative relationship with DP Ratio, implying that companies with higher debt levels relative to equity tend to have lower dividend payout ratios. This emphasizes the impact of financial leverage on dividend decisions, as firms with substantial debt obligations prioritize debt servicing over dividend payments.
O Compliance como Fator Decisivo de Controle das Empresas do Setor Bancário para a Adaptação à Lei Geral da Proteção de Dados
Authors: Cordenonzi Mauricio , Pôrto Júnior Francisco Gilson Rebouças 
Published: October 2023

A Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados trouxe extensas e significativas mudanças aos atores responsáveis pela coleta e tratamento de dados pessoais, entre elas, as Instituições Financeiras. Nesse contexto, o setor de compliance foi profundamente afetado pela novel legislação, na medida e que precisou, em um curto espaço de tempo, adaptar-se aos inúmeros comandos da norma. Este artigo discorre sobre um estudo de caso, realizado no Banco da Amazônia, com o propósito de, sob a análise do conjunto de normativas, propor um novo modelo de compliance, ou seu aperfeiçoamento, para adaptação à Lei Geral da Proteção de Dados (LGPD). A pesquisa delineada também se apoiou nos procedimentos de revisão bibliográfica e documental, utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa para análise dos dados baseada na observação para compreensão do fenômeno de interesse. Como solução, propôs-se, para o aperfeiçoamento do atual modelo de compliance, a criação de uma nova Coordenação, para controle e gerenciamento de processos internos e externos, unicamente ligados ao tratamento de dados pessoais, a fim de otimizar tramitação e fluxo dos procedimentos, e mitigar, tanto quanto possível, os danos/multas decorrentes da norma.
Multigenetic Pharmacogenomics–Guided Treatment vs Treatment As Usual Among Hospitalized Men With Schizophrenia
Authors: Kang Zhewei , Qin Ying , Sun Yutao , Lu Zhe , Sun Yaoyao , Chen Huan , Feng Xiaoyang , Zhang Yuyanan , Guo Hua , Yan Hao , Yue Weihua 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceLimited evidence supports multigenetic pharmacogenomics–guided treatment (MPGT) in schizophrenia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of MPGT in schizophrenia in a randomized clinical trial (RCT).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis RCT was conducted from March 2020 to March 2022. Male Chinese Han inpatients aged 18 to 60 years diagnosed with schizophrenia with a Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) score of 60 or more from 2 selected study hospitals were included. Patients and raters were masked to MPGT or treatment as usual (TAU) randomization.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either MPGT or TAU for 12 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary efficacy outcome was the percentage change in PANSS total scores (range, 30 to 210) from baseline to week 6 analyzed by a modified intention-to-treat mixed model for repeated measures. The secondary outcome included response and symptomatic remission rates.ResultsA total of 210 participants (mean [SD] age, 29.2 [8.8] years) were enrolled and analyzed, with 113 assigned to MPGT and 97 to TAU. Compared with those randomized to TAU, participants randomized to MPGT demonstrated a significantly higher percentage change in PANSS score (74.2% vs 64.9%; adjusted mean difference, 9.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 4.4-14.1 percentage points; P &amp;lt; .001) and a higher response rate (93 of 113 [82.3%] vs 63 of 97 [64.9%]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.28-4.80; P = .01) at the end of week 6.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this RCT of MPGT, MPGT was more effective than TAU in treating patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that multigenetic pharmacogenomic testing could serve as an effective tool to guide the treatment of schizophrenia.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000029671
Monotreatment With Conventional Antirheumatic Drugs or Glucocorticoids in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Guski Louise S. , Jürgens Gesche , Pedder Hugo , Levinsen Niels K. G. , Andersen Stig E. , Welton Nicky J. , Graudal Niels 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThis is the first network meta-analysis to assess outcomes associated with multiple conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid.ObjectiveTo analyze clinical outcomes after treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Data SourcesWith no time restraint, English language articles were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists of relevant meta-analyses until September 15, 2022.Study SelectionFour reviewers in pairs of 2 independently included controlled studies randomizing patients with rheumatoid arthritis to mono–conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticoid, placebo, or nonactive treatment that recorded at least 1 outcome of tender joint count, swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level. Of 1098 assessed articles, 130 articles (132 interventions) were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline, and data quality was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool RoB 2. Data were extracted by a single author and checked independently by 2 authors. Data were analyzed using a random effect model, and data analysis was conducted from June 2021 to February 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA protocol with hypothesis and study plan was registered before data recording. The most complete of recorded outcomes (tender joint count) was used as primary outcome, with imputations based on other outcomes to obtain a full analysis of all studies. Absolute change adjusted for baseline disease activity was assessed.ResultsA total of 29 interventions in 275 treatment groups among 132 randomized clinical trials (mean [range], 71.0% [27.0% to 100%] females in studies; mean [range] of ages in studies, 53 [36 to 70] years) were identified, which included 13 260 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean (range) duration of RA was 79 (2 to 243) months, and the mean (range) disease activity score was 6.3 (4.0 to 8.8). Compared with placebo, oral methotrexate was associated with a reduced tender joint count by 5.18 joints (95% credible interval [CrI], 4.07 to 6.28 joints). Compared with methotrexate, glucocorticoid (−2.54 joints; 95% CrI, −5.16 to 0.08 joints) and remaining drugs except cyclophosphamide (6.08 joints; 95% CrI, 0.44 to 11.66 joints) were associated with similar or lower tender joint counts.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study’s results support the present role of methotrexate as the primary reference conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.
Patterns in Physician Burnout in a Stable-Linked Cohort
Authors: Ortega Marcus V. , Hidrue Michael K. , Lehrhoff Sara R. , Ellis Dan B. , Sisodia Rachel C. , Curry William T. , del Carmen Marcela G. , Wasfy Jason H. 
Published: October 2023

ImportancePhysician burnout is widely reported to be an increasing problem in the US. Although prior analyses suggest physician burnout is rising nationally, these analyses have substantial limitations, including different physicians joining and leaving clinical practice.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of burnout among physicians in a large multispecialty group over a 5-year period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study was conducted in 2017, 2019, and 2021 and involved physician faculty members of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization. Participants represented different clinical specialties and a full range of career stages. The online survey instrument had 4 domains: physician career and compensation satisfaction, physician well-being, administrative workload on physicians, and leadership and diversity.ExposureTime.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPhysician burnout, which was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. A binary burnout measure was used, which defined burnout as a high score in 2 of the 3 burnout subscales: Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Reduced Personal Efficacy.ResultsA total of 1373 physicians (72.9% of the original 2017 cohort) participated in all 3 surveys. The cohort included 690 (50.3%) male, 921 (67.1%) White, and 1189 (86.6%) non-Hispanic individuals. The response rates were 93.0% in 2017, 93.0% in 2019, and 92.0% in 2021. Concerning years of experience, the cohort was relatively well distributed, with the highest number and proportion of physicians (478 [34.8%]) reporting between 11 and 20 years of experience. Within this group, burnout declined from 44.4% (610 physicians) in 2017 to 41.9% (575) in 2019 (P = .18) before increasing to 50.4% (692) in 2021 (P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings of this survey study suggest that the physician burnout rate in the US is increasing. This pattern represents a potential threat to the ability of the US health care system to care for patients and needs urgent solutions.
The contributions of flower strips to wild bee conservation in agricultural landscapes can be predicted using pollinator habitat suitability models
Authors: Sydenham Markus A. K. , Venter Zander S. , Eldegard Katrine , Torvanger Marianne S. , Nowell Megan S. , Hansen Silke , Øverland John Ingar , Dupont Yoko L. , Rasmussen Claus , Skrindo Astrid B. , Rusch Graciela M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Sowing flower strips along field edges is a widely adopted method for conserving pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes. To maximize the effect of flower strips given limited resources, we need spatially explicit tools that can prioritize their placement, and for identifying plant species to include in seed mixtures.

We sampled bees and plant species as well as their interactions in a semi‐controlled field experiment with roadside/field edge pairs with/without a sown flower strip at 31 sites in Norway and used a regional spatial model of solitary bee species richness to test if the effect of flower strips on bee species richness was predictable from the modelled solitary bee species richness.

We found that sites with flower strips were more bee species rich compared to sites without flower strips and that this effect was greatest in areas that the regional solitary bee species richness model had identified to be particularly important for bees. Spatial models revealed that even within small landscapes there were pronounced differences between field edges in the predicted effect of sowing flower strips.

Of the plant species that attracted the most bee species, the majority mainly attracted bumblebees and only few species also attracted solitary bees. Considering both the taxonomic diversity of bees and the species richness of bees attracted by plants we suggest that seed mixes containing Hieracium spp. such as Hieracium umbellatum, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum spp., Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus, Stellaria graminea and Achillea millefolium would provide resources for diverse bee communities in our region.

Spatial prediction models of bee diversity can be used to identify locations where flower strips are likely to have the largest effect and can thereby provide managers with an important tool for prioritizing how funding for agri‐environmental schemes such as flower strips should be allocated. Such flower strips should contain plant species that are attractive to both solitary and bumblebees, and do not need to be particularly plant species rich as long as the selected plants complement each other.
Implementation of the validation testing in MPPG 5.a “Commissioning and QA of treatment planning dose calculations–megavoltage photon and electron beams”
Authors: Jacqmin Dustin J. , Bredfeldt Jeremy S. , Frigo Sean P. , Smilowitz Jennifer B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe AAPM Medical Physics Practice Guideline (MPPG) 5.a provides concise guidance on the commissioning and QA of beam modeling and dose calculation in radiotherapy treatment planning systems. This work discusses the implementation of the validation testing recommended in MPPG 5.a at two institutions. The two institutions worked collaboratively to create a common set of treatment fields and analysis tools to deliver and analyze the validation tests. This included the development of a novel, open‐source software tool to compare scanning water tank measurements to 3D DICOM‐RT Dose distributions. Dose calculation algorithms in both Pinnacle and Eclipse were tested with MPPG 5.a to validate the modeling of Varian TrueBeam linear accelerators. The validation process resulted in more than 200 water tank scans and more than 50 point measurements per institution, each of which was compared to a dose calculation from the institution's treatment planning system (TPS). Overall, the validation testing recommended in MPPG 5.a took approximately 79 person‐hours for a machine with four photon and five electron energies for a single TPS. Of the 79 person‐hours, 26 person‐hours required time on the machine, and the remainder involved preparation and analysis. The basic photon, electron, and heterogeneity correction tests were evaluated with the tolerances in MPPG 5.a, and the tolerances were met for all tests. The MPPG 5.a evaluation criteria were used to assess the small field and IMRT/VMAT validation tests. Both institutions found the use of MPPG 5.a to be a valuable resource during the commissioning process. The validation testing in MPPG 5.a showed the strengths and limitations of the TPS models. In addition, the data collected during the validation testing is useful for routine QA of the TPS, validation of software upgrades, and commissioning of new algorithms.
Reproducibility of patient setup in the seated treatment position: A novel treatment chair design
Authors: McCarroll Rachel E. , Beadle Beth M. , Fullen Danna , Balter Peter A. , Followill David S. , Stingo Francesco C. , Yang Jinzhong , Court Laurence E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy in a seated position may be indicated for patients who are unable to lie on the treatment couch for the duration of treatment, in scenarios where a seated treatment position provides superior anatomical positioning and dose distributions, or for a low‐cost system designed using a fixed treatment beam and rotating seated patient. In this study, we report a novel treatment chair that was constructed to allow for three‐dimensional imaging and treatment delivery while ensuring robust immobilization, providing reproducibility equivalent to that in the traditional supine position. Five patients undergoing radiation treatment for head‐and‐neck cancers were enrolled and were setup in the chair, with immobilization devices created, and then imaged with orthogonal X‐rays in a scenario that mimicked radiation treatments (without treatment delivery). Six subregions of the acquired images were rigidly registered to evaluate intra‐ and interfraction displacement and chair construction. Displacements under conditions of simulated image guidance were acquired by first registering one subregion; the residual displacement of other subregions was then measured. Additionally, we administered a patient questionnaire to gain patient feedback and assess comparison to the supine position. Average inter‐ and intrafraction displacements of all subregions in the seated position were less than 2 and 3 mm, respectively. When image guidance was simulated, L‐R and A‐P interfraction displacements were reduced by an average of 1 mm, providing setup of comparable quality to supine setups. The enrolled patients, who had no indication for a seated treatment position, reported no preference in the seated or the supine position. The novel chair design provides acceptable inter‐ and intrafraction displacement, with reproducibility equivalent to that reported for patients in the supine position. Patient feedback will be incorporated in the refinement of the chair, facilitating treatment of head‐and‐neck cancer in patients who are unable to lie for the duration of treatment or for use in an economical fixed‐beam setup.
Improved prostate delineation in prostate HDR brachytherapy with TRUS‐CT deformable registration technology: A pilot study with MRI validation
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Rossi Peter J. , Jani Ashesh B. , Mao Hui , Zhou Zhengyang , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccurate prostate delineation is essential to ensure proper target coverage and normal‐tissue sparing in prostate HDR brachytherapy. We have developed a prostate HDR brachytherapy technology that integrates intraoperative TRUS‐based prostate contour into HDR treatment planning through TRUS‐CT deformable registration (TCDR) to improve prostate contour accuracy. In a perspective study of 16 patients, we investigated the clinical feasibility as well as the performance of this TCDR‐based HDR approach. We compared the performance of the TCDR‐based approach with the conventional CT‐based HDR in terms of prostate contour accuracy using MRI as the gold standard. For all patients, the average Dice prostate volume overlap was 91.1 ± 2.3% between the TCDR‐based and the MRI‐defined prostate volumes. In a subset of eight patients, inter and intro‐observer reliability study was conducted among three experienced physicians (two radiation oncologists and one radiologist) for the TCDR‐based HDR approach. Overall, a 10 to 40% improvement in prostate volume accuracy can be achieved with the TCDR‐based approach as compared with the conventional CT‐based prostate volumes. The TCDR‐based prostate volumes match closely to the MRI‐defined prostate volumes for all 3 observers (mean volume difference: 0.5 ± 7.2%, 1.8 ± 7.2%, and 3.5 ± 5.1%); while CT‐based contours overestimated prostate volumes by 10.9 ± 28.7%, 13.7 ± 20.1%, and 44.7 ± 32.1%. This study has shown that the TCDR‐based HDR brachytherapy is clinically feasible and can significantly improve prostate contour accuracy over the conventional CT‐based prostate contour. We also demonstrated the reliability of the TCDR‐based prostate delineation. This TCDR‐based HDR approach has the potential to enable accurate dose planning and delivery, and potentially enhance prostate HDR treatment outcome.
Central Core Substitutions and Film‐Formation Process Optimization Enable Approaching 19% Efficiency All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Dingding , Zhang Hao , Tian Chenyang , Zhang Jianqi , Zhu Lingyun , Wei Zhixiang , Lu Kun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMolecular interactions and film‐formation processes greatly impact the blend film morphology and device performances of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Molecular structure, such as the central cores of polymer acceptors, would significantly influence this process. Herein, the central core substitutions of polymer acceptors are adjusted and three quinoxaline (Qx)‐fused‐core‐based materials, PQx1, PQx2, and PQx3 are synthesized. The molecular aggregation ability and intermolecular interaction are systematically regulated, which subsequently influence the film‐formation process and determine the resulting blend film morphology. As a result, PQx3, with favorable aggregation ability and moderate interaction with polymer donor PM6, achieves efficient all‐PSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.60%, which could be further improved to 18.06% after carefully optimizing device annealing and interface layer. This impressive PCE is one of the highest values for binary all‐PSCs based on the classical polymer donor PM6. PYF‐T‐o is also involved in promoting light utilization, and the resulting ternary device shows an impressive PCE of 18.82%. In addition, PM6:PQx3‐based devices exhibit high film‐thickness tolerance, superior stability, and considerable potential for large‐scale devices (16.23% in 1 cm2 device). These results highlight the importance of structure optimization of polymer acceptors and film‐formation process control for obtaining efficient and stable all‐PSCs.
KI‐Facilitated Trifunctionalization of Maleimides in Water: Access to Disulfonylated Diazosuccinimide Derivatives and their Synthetic Applications
Authors: Ruan Hong‐Li , Zhang Wen , Rao Xiao‐Han , Zhu Zhi‐Jia , Zhao Sheng‐Yin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA trifunctionalization cascade reaction of substituted maleimides was developed to generate a series of disulfonylated diazosuccinimides in satisfactory yields by employing readily available sulfonyl hydrazides as both diazo source and sulfonylation reagent. The notable features of this developed method include avoiding the use of transition metal catalysts, environmentally benign H2O as the solvent, mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and the late‐stage modification of drugs. The derivatization reactions were effectively applied to synthesize aminosulfonylation‐substituted maleimides. The involved radical pathway was also demonstrated by mechanistic studies.