bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of soil CO2 emissions and water‐carbon use efficiency of winter wheat to different straw returning methods and irrigation scenarios
Authors: Liu Fuying , Gao Mingliang , Zhang Haoze , Yuan Huabin , Zong Rui , Liu Zhendong , Wei Shiyu , Li Quanqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe shortage of water resources and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions from soil seriously restrict the sustainable development of agriculture. Under the premise of ensuring a stable yield of winter wheat through a reasonable irrigation scenario, identifying a suitable straw returning method will have a positive effect on agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction in North China Plain.RESULTSStraw burying (SR) and straw mulching (SM) were adopted based on traditional tillage under in the winter wheat growing season of 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Three irrigation scenarios were used for each straw returning method: no irrigation (I0), irrigation 60 mm at jointing stage (I1), and irrigation of 60 mm each at the jointing and heading stages (I2). Soil moisture, soil respiration rate, cumulative soil CO2 emissions, yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and soil CO2 emission efficiency (CEE) were mainly studied. The results showed that, compared to SM, SR improved the utilization of soil water and enhanced soil carbon sequestration. SR reduced soil respiration rate and cumulative soil CO2 emissions in two winter wheat growing seasons, and increased yield by increasing spike numbers. In addition, with an increase in the amount of irrigation, soil CO2 emissions and yield increased. Under SR‐I1 treatment, WUE and CEE were the highest. SR‐I1 increases crop yields at the same time as reducing soil CO2 emissions.CONCLUSIONThe combination of SR and irrigation 60 mm at jointing stage is a suitable straw returning irrigation scenario, which can improve water use and reduce soil CO2 emission in NCP. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of dietary N‐carbamylglutamate supplementation on the modulation of microbiota and Th17/Treg balance‐related immune signaling after lipopolysaccharide challenge
Authors: Liu Guangmang , Zhang Ting , Liu Xinlian , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Chen Xiaoling , Zhang Ruinan , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of N‐carbamylglutamate (NCG) on piglets' growth performance and immune response, and to unravel the mechanisms of such effects. In a 2 × 2 factorial design including diet (with or without NCG) and immunological challenge (saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), 24 piglets were randomly distributed into four groups. After being fed a basic diet or a NCG‐supplemented diet for 21 days, piglets were administered LPS or saline intraperitoneally.ResultsThe results showed that NCG increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio of piglets, and alleviated the adverse effects of LPS stimulation on intestinal morphology. At the phylum level, NCG reversed the increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and the reduction in that of Actinomycete caused by LPS stimulation. At the genus level, NCG increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Blautia, norank_Butyricicoccaceae, Subdoligranulum, and Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, and LPS decreased the abundance of Escherichia‐Shigella and Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group. The short‐chain fatty acid content was increased by NCG, but LPS reduced its content. N‐Carbamylglutamate also inhibited significantly the LPS‐induced increase in the relative expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, related orphan receptor (RAR) c, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the decrease in the relative expression of STAT5, forkhead box P3, IL‐10 and transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA. A significant correlation was found between intestinal microbiota and inflammatory cytokines and short‐chain fatty acids.ConclusionN‐Carbamylglutamate can improve piglets' growth performance. It can also attenuate LPS‐induced intestinal inflammation by modulating microbiota and Th17/Treg balance‐related immune signaling pathways. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multi‐objective optimization and its application in materials science
Authors: Shi Bofeng , Lookman Turab , Xue Dezhen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOptimizing more than one property is inevitable in designing new materials; however, some properties are usually improved at the expense of others. Multi‐objective optimization methods in engineering and computer science have proven to be an effective means to optimize several different properties simultaneously. Here, we reviewed these approaches including scalarization, evolutionary algorithms, and especially Bayesian optimization. Their promising applications to a number of materials problems are also discussed in the paper.
A systematic review of social rank perception and contribution to eating disorder psychopathology in individuals with eating disorders
Authors: Calissano Chiara , Thompson Alistair , Treasure Janet , Cardi Valentina , Ward Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSocial rank theory states that achieving enhanced social rank is an essential biosocial goal for human beings, with individuals considering themselves to be high or low social rank on the basis of how they perceive that others view them. High social rank is associated with assertiveness, competence, and talent, whereas low social rank is associated with feelings of defeat and inferiority and submissive behavior. This theory has been applied to understand the etiology and psychopathology of eating disorders (EDs). The objective of this narrative systematic review was to summarize existing literature exploring perceptions of social rank and related constructs (e.g., submissiveness and inferiority) in EDs, to shed light on how individuals with EDs perceive their social rank, and to examine the relationship between perceived social rank and ED psychopathology. A systematic search of cross‐sectional or longitudinal studies involving a clinical sample of individuals with EDs and using a validated measure of social rank or a related construct was conducted for studies published up to September 12, 2023 (PROSPERO, CRD42021227028). Five databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed) were systematically searched. Altogether, 1106 studies were included in the title and abstract screening. Seventeen studies (13 cross‐sectional, 3 prospective cohort studies, and 1 ecological momentary assessment study) were included in the analysis and data extraction. The methodological quality of the studies was rated as generally good. There was evidence that individuals with EDs perceive their social rank as lower compared with healthy controls (N = 5 studies) and present features indicative of perceptions of low social rank (N = 9 studies). The perception of being of low social rank was significantly associated with more severe ED psychopathology (N = 10 studies). The findings of the review are discussed alongside limitations, implications for treatment models, and directions for future research.
The molecular mechanism of naringin improving endometrial receptivity of OHSS rats
Authors: Yuan Lan , Li Yulin , Li Xueping , Mao Zhu , Liu Yi , Feng Chengzhi , Jiang Rongxing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractControlling ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment is necessary to increase the implantation success rate. This study aimed to explore the effect of naringin on the endometrial receptivity of OHSS rats. Female rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Blank, model, low‐dose naringin (100 mg/kg/day), medium‐dose naringin (200 mg/kg/day), high‐dose naringin (400 mg/kg/day), and positive (0.18 mg/kg/day estradiol valerate) groups. Except for the blank group, rats established the OHSS model on Day 7, and their treatments were from Day 0 to 14, separately. Hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to detect the naringin effects on the endometrial receptivity of the OHSS model. Next, circRNAs transcriptome analysis was performed to screen circRNAs. Western blot analysis and real‐time quantitative PCR were used to verify it. Our study showed that naringin treatments increased embryo number, endometrial thickness, pinopodes number, and Ki67 expression in the OHSS rats. Moreover, the result of circRNAs transcriptome sequencing showed that naringin significantly inhibited the rnocirc_008140 expression in the OHSS rats and significantly inhibited the changes of 28 gene ontology terms and three Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways which were induced by OHSS. Abcc4 and Rps6ka5 genes were the enriched genes of those pathways. Finally, 24 miRNA target genes of rnocirc_008140 were predicted. Our study showed that naringin significantly improved the endometrial receptivity of OHSS rats to increase the embryo implantation success by reducing rnocirc_008140‐adsorbed miRNAs to regulate Abcc4 and Rps6ka5 expression.
Diffusional kurtosis time dependence and the water exchange rate for the multi‐compartment Kärger model
Authors: Jensen Jens H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate an analytic formula giving the time dependence of the diffusional kurtosis for the Kärger model (KM) with an arbitrary number of exchanging compartments and its application in estimating the mean KM water exchange rate.Theory and MethodsThe general formula for the kurtosis is derived from a power series solution for the multi‐compartment KM. A lower bound on the exchange rate is established from the observation that the kurtosis is always a logarithmically convex function of time. Both the kurtosis time dependence and the lower bound are illustrated with numerical calculations. The lower bound is also applied to previously published data for the time dependence of the kurtosis in both brain and tumors.ResultsThe kurtosis for the multi‐compartment KM is given by a sum in which each term is associated with an eigenvector of the exchange rate matrix. The lower bound is determined from the most negative value for the logarithmic derivative of the kurtosis with respect to time. In the cerebral cortex, the lower bound is found to vary from 15 to 76 s−1, depending on the experimental details, while for the tumors considered, it varies from 2 to 4 s−1.ConclusionThe time dependence of the kurtosis for the multi‐compartment KM has a simple analytic solution that allows a lower bound for the mean KM water exchange rate to be determined directly from experiment. This may be useful in tissues with complex microstructure that is difficult to model explicitly.
Recent advances in porous nanomaterials‐based drug delivery systems for osteoarthritis
Authors: Çitoğlu Senem , Duran Hatice 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease that develops over time, characterized mainly by inflammatory joints, cartilage deterioration, and ultimately loss of normal joint function. Some of the limitations that restrict the effectiveness of current OA treatment procedures include minimal penetration of medications into cartilage and lack of vascularity, leading to insufficient bioavailability and systemic toxicity. To increase the effectiveness of treatment, it is necessary to create novel non‐invasive OA treatment techniques. Porous nanomaterials (PNMs) show great promise as sustained drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their functionality, variable porosity, and high loading capacity. In addition, they can provide targeted drug delivery, facilitate controlled release of drugs, and prolong drug circulation and retention time while reducing adverse reactions and improving drug solubility. First, the current treatment methods and challenges are summarized. Subsequently, recent advances in DDSs for OA treatment based on PNMs with various pore sizes and structures are presented. Lastly, the parameters that affect the performance of DDSs are discussed by giving some suggestions for their design. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights into PNM‐based DDS design and to inspire readers to adopt the smart design of intra‐articular DDSs in the future.
Peristalsis prevents ureteral dilation
Authors: Kalayeh Kourosh , Fowlkes J. Brian , Xie Haotian , Schultz William W. , Sack Bryan S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe etiology of ureteral dilation in primary nonrefluxing, nonobstructing megaureters is still not well understood. Impaired ureteral peristalsis has been theorized as one of the contributing factors. However, ureteral peristalsis and its “normal” function is not well defined. In this study, using mathematical modeling techniques, we aim to better understand how ureteral peristalsis works. This is the first model to consider clinically observed, back‐and‐forth, cyclic wall longitudinal motion during peristalsis. We hypothesize that dysfunctional ureteral peristalsis, caused by insufficient peristaltic amplitudes (e.g., circular muscle dysfunction) and/or lack of ureteral wall longitudinal motion (e.g., longitudinal muscle dysfunction), promotes peristaltic reflux (i.e., retrograde flow of urine during an episode of peristalsis) and may result in urinary stasis, urine accumulation, and consequent dilation.MethodsBased on lubrication theory in fluid mechanics, we developed a two‐dimensional (planar) model of ureteral peristalsis. In doing so, we treated ureteral peristalsis as an infinite train of sinusoidal waves. We then analyzed antegrade and retrograde flows in the ureter under different bladder–kidney differential pressure and peristalsis conditions.ResultsThere is a minimum peristaltic amplitude required to prevent peristaltic reflux. Ureteral wall longitudinal motion decreases this minimum required amplitude, increasing the nonrefluxing range of peristaltic amplitudes. As an example, for a normal bladder–kidney differential pressure of 5 cmH2O, ureteral wall longitudinal motion increases nonrefluxing range of peristaltic amplitude by 65%. Additionally, ureteral wall longitudinal motion decreases refluxing volumetric flow rates. For a similar normal bladder pressure example of 5 cmH2O, refluxing volumetric flow rate decreases by a factor of 18. Finally, elevated bladder pressure, not only increases the required peristaltic amplitude for reflux prevention but it increases maximum refluxing volumetric flow rates. For the case without wall longitudinal motion, as bladder–kidney differential pressure increases from 5 to 40 cmH2O, minimum required peristaltic amplitude to prevent reflux increases by 40% while the maximum refluxing volumetric flow rate increases by approximately 100%.ConclusionThe results presented in this study show how abnormal ureteral peristalsis, caused by the absence of wall longitudinal motion and/or lack of sufficient peristaltic amplitudes, facilitates peristaltic reflux and retrograde flow. We theorize that this retrograde flow can lead to urinary stasis and urine accumulation in the ureters, resulting in ureteral dilation seen on imaging studies and elevated infection risk. Our results also show how chronically elevated bladder pressures are more susceptible to such refluxing conditions that could lead to ureteral dilation.
Prognostic impact of pre‐referral tumor resection in unilateral Wilms tumor: A single‐institute experience from a lower middle‐income country
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saghir , Maaz Ata Ur Rehman , Qazi Abid Quddus , Aslam Sophia , Riaz Shazia , Malik Ayesha Saeed , Shaheen Najma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the prognostic impact of pre‐referral surgical resection of Wilms tumor (WT) performed at non‐oncology centers, and to strategize an improved care plan for this very curable pediatric tumor.MethodsIn this study conducted in a large pediatric cancer center in Pakistan, we retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records (EMR) of 149 patients with unilateral WT from September 2008 to August 2017. Based on treatment approach, patients were categorized into two groups: (i) pre‐referral tumor resection (PTR: n = 75), and (ii) post‐neoadjuvant chemo nephrectomy (PCN: n = 74).ResultsThe proportion of metastatic disease in PTR and PCN groups was 33.3% and 35.1%, respectively. In the PTR subset, median time to admission after PTR was 5 weeks (mean 11, SEM 2.8, range: 2–202) weeks, with 53.3% (n = 40) presenting more than 4 weeks after PTR. Twenty patients had no cross‐sectional imaging prior to PTR and underwent surgery after abdominal ultrasound only. On baseline imaging at our center, 58.7% (n = 44) of the PTR group had radiologically evaluable disease (four metastases only, 19 local residual tumor only, 21 both localized tumor and visible metastases). Disease staging was uncertain in 23 patients because of no or inadequate histology specimens and/or lymph node sampling in patients with no evaluable disease. Statistically significant differences were recorded for the two subsets regarding tumor volume, extent and nodularity, renal vein and renal sinus involvement, lymph node status, tumor rupture and histopathologic features, and tumor stage, with a 10‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for PCN and PTR of 74.3% and 50.7%, respectively (p < .001). In the PTR group, EFS for those presenting within 4 weeks and later was 91.4% versus 15.0%, respectively (p < .0001).ConclusionSuboptimal pre‐referral surgical intervention results in poor survival outcomes in unilateral WT. Our findings highlight the need for a comprehensive action plan for educating healthcare professionals engaged in WT diagnosis and referral process. PCN in a multidisciplinary team approach can reduce surgical morbidity and seems to be a better strategy to improve the survival rates in low‐resource settings.
High filler content acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene composites containing tungsten and bismuth oxides for effective lead‐free x‐ray radiation shielding
Authors: Olivieri Federico , Avolio Roberto , Gentile Gennaro , Mazzone Annamaria , Rizzi Rosanna , Nacucchi Michele , Castaldo Rachele , Errico Maria Emanuela , Giannini Cinzia , Ambrosio Luigi , Lavorgna Marino 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) based composites with a high content of tungsten and bismuth oxide were developed using an innovative process to obtain lead‐free x‐ray shielding materials. ABS was chosen for its good mechanical properties and its widespread availability as a recycled material. The composites underwent flexural tests, Shore D hardness tests, thermogravimetric and morphological analysis, and their x‐ray attenuation properties were determined through numerical simulations and experimental measurements. Despite their high filler content (up to 75 wt%), the composites showed good filler dispersion within the polymeric matrix and maintained their mechanical properties. Across the investigated energy range (50–150 kV), the lead equivalence for x‐ray shielding was achieved with composite plates containing 75 wt% of tungsten and bismuth oxide, at thickness values corresponding to a weight increase of only 29% and 36%, respectively, in comparison to lead. These findings pave the way for a new generation of lead‐free x‐ray shielding materials. Moreover, their mechanical properties, including flexibility for potential application in wearable personal protective equipment, can be tailored by adjusting the filler content.Highlights
High filler content lead‐free ABS composites with WO3 and Bi2O3 were developed.
They show good polymer/filler interfacial adhesion and flexural properties.
Numerical simulations of their x‐ray shielding properties were performed.
Experimental tests with polychromatic sources confirmed good x‐ray attenuation.
Results pave the way for the development of new lead‐free x‐ray shielding systems.
Performance and durability of electrically conductive tape for shingled Si heterojunction technology cells
Authors: Hacke Peter , Miller David C. , Pierpont Daniel , Wu Tianyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrically conductive tape (ECT) was characterized and used to assemble shingled cell strings at low temperature to achieve high reliability Pb‐ and Ag‐free interconnections. The volume resistivity for two considered ECTs are 0.13 ± 0.06 mΩ·cm and 0.47 ± 0.20 mΩ·cm and specific contact resistances, 6.85± 2.00 mΩ·cm2 and 6.30 ± 0.37 mΩ·cm2 using the emerging IEC 62788‐8‐1 Technical Specification for assessment of electrically conductive adhesives (ECA). Durability and performance of the technology in glass–glass mini modules were evaluated with temperature cycling, damp heat testing, and combined‐accelerated stress testing (CAST). Through temperature cycling (−40°C to 85°C) applying five times the mini module short‐circuit current in forward bias and in the multi climate CAST protocol, there was negligible degradation of fill factor after replacing connectors at the modules' cable leads; however, CAST resulted in short circuit current loss attributed to degradation in light collection by the cells, not the ECT. The IEC 61215‐2 85°C, 85% relative humidity damp heat testing showed susceptibility of the HJT cells to effects of humidity in the electroluminescence intensity around the module perimeter that degraded power performance by 4% (relative). Contrasting the IEC 61215‐2 qualification testing‐based damp heat testing with CAST, factors such as the optical stress of CAST may precipitate the degradation of the modules whereas the humidity levels and duration of IEC 61215‐2 damp heat testing may lead to excessive levels of humidity diffused into the modules, potentially resulting in degradation that is unrepresentative of the field.
Harmful communication behaviors in cancer care: A systematic review of patients and family caregivers perspectives
Authors: Westendorp Janine , Geerse Olaf P. , van der Lee Marije L. , Schoones Jan W. , van Vliet Milon H. M. , Wit Tamara , Evers Andrea W. M. , van Vliet Liesbeth M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveIssues regarding clinician communication remain an important source of complaints within healthcare. This systematic review aims to determine cancer patients' and their family caregivers' views on which clinicians' communication behaviors can harm (i.e. eliciting negative feelings/consequences for patients/family caregivers).MethodsWe searched for all types of peer‐reviewed studies that determined adult (≥18 years) cancer patients' and/or family caregivers' perspectives on which clinicians' communication behaviors can harm in several databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Emcare, PsycINFO and Academic Search Premier), supplemented by expert‐consultation. Studies were screened using the Artificial intelligence screening tool of ASReview and data was analyzed using Thematic Analysis. To assess the quality of the studies the Qualsyst critical appraisal tool was used.ResultsA total of 47 studies were included. Four main themes of harmful communication behaviors were identified: (1) Lack of tailored information provision (e.g. giving too little or too much/specific information) (2) Lack of tailored decision making (ranging from; patient exclusion, to the patients' responsibility, and/or haste) (3) Lack of feeling seen and heard (seen as a disease, not as a human being; not listened to concerns and emotions) (4) Lack of feeling held and remembered (forgotten agreements; lack of care continuity).ConclusionsOur results reveal an overview of patients' and family caregivers' perspectives on which clinicians' communication behaviors can harm. Harm could be prevented when information and decision involvement are tailored and patients' and family caregivers' needs to feelseen, heard, heldandrememberedare met.