bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Oxazolidinones by Palladium‐ catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of β‐Aminoalcohols and 2‐Aminophenol under Mild Conditions
Authors: Fu‐Wei Li , Xin‐Gao Peng , Chun‐Gu Xia , Bin Hu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOxidative carbonylation of β‐aminoalcohols and 2‐aminophenol in Pd(OAc)2/I2 catalytic system to produce the corresponding 2‐oxazolidinones was conducted with high yields and selectivities in short reaction time. Mild reaction conditions, high catalytic turnover frequency value, improved yields and selectivities are the remarkable features exhibited by this process.
Non‐isothermal Kinetics of the First‐stage Decomposition Reaction of the Complex of Terbium p‐Methylbenzoate with 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Jian‐Jun Zhang , Rui‐Fen Wang , Hong‐Mei Liu , Ji‐Biao Li , Ning Ren , Zhi‐Hua Gao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe thermal behavior of Tb2 (p‐MBA)6(phen)2 (p‐MBA=p‐methylbenzoate; phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) in a static air atmosphere was investigated by TG‐DTG, SEM and IR techniques. The thermal decomposition of the Tb2(p‐MBA)6(phen)2 occurred in three consecutive stages at TP of 354, 457 and 595 °C. By Malek method, RO (n<1) was defined as kinetic model for the first‐step thermal decomposition. The activation energy (E) of this step is 170.21 kJ·mol‐1, the enthalpy of activation (ΔH≠) 164.98 kJ·mol‐1, the Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG≠) 145.04 kJ·mol‐1, the entropy of activation (ΔS≠) 31.77 J·mol‐1·K‐1, and the pre‐exponential factor (A) 1015.21 s‐1.
Clinical and genetic findings in an Ashkenazi Jewish population with colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Zauber N. Peter , Sabbath‐Solitare Marlene , Marotta Stephen , Zauber Ann G. , Foulkes William , Chan May , Turner Faye , Bishop D. Timothy 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors evaluated the frequency of the carrier status of three ancestral colorectal neoplasm‐associated mutations (APC:I1307K, BLMAsh, and MSH2*1906G>C) found in the Jewish population among a case series with documented colorectal neoplasms. They further compared family and personal histories plus environmental exposures of the carriers and noncarriers of the I1307K mutation and examined clinical differences with regard to the colorectal neoplasms and the specific molecular genetic changes in these lesions.METHODSAnalyses were performed on tissue from stored paraffin‐embedded blocks for the three germline mutations plus the KRAS mutation and APC loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and APC gene sequencing.RESULTSFifty‐four of the 429 individuals (12.6%) were found to carry the APC:I1307K mutation, whereas 4 (0.9%) were found to be heterozygous for the BLMAsh mutation and 3 (0.7%) were carriers of the MSH21906G>C* mutation. Carriers of the I1307K mutation did not appear to differ from noncarriers with regard to the number of neoplasms, patient age at detection, or tumor location within the colon. There was no significant difference noted between I1307K carriers and noncarriers with regard to the percentage of patients with first‐degree relatives with colorectal carcinoma. A significant risk for APC LOH was found in lesions from carriers who smoked cigarettes compared with nonsmokers. The I1307K mutation was found to be clearly associated with a somatic additional adenine insertion in the region of codons 1306–1309, but other mutations in the region of codons 1277–1348 were found to be no more prevalent in carriers than in noncarriers.CONCLUSIONSIn Jewish individuals previously diagnosed with a colorectal neoplasm, MSH2*1906G>C is uncommon but has been associated with carcinoma occurring at a young age. The BLMAsh mutation is uncommon and appears to be of little effect. The I1307K mutation is common among Jews who have had colorectal neoplasms, but overall it was found to have little effect clinically in the current study group. There may be a gene–environment interaction between the I1307K mutation and cigarette use. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Mediation windfalls: Value beyond settlement? The perspectives of Georgia magistrate court judges
Authors: Barton Ansley B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study of magistrate judges investigates the perception that if mediation reaches impasse, parties who are not represented by counsel go into court less afraid, better able to articulate their case, more cognizant of their own and the other side's positions, and with an enhanced appreciation for the perspective of the other party because of the mediation experience.
Family mediation: The development of the regulatory framework in the United Kingdom
Authors: Roberts Marian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFamily mediation practice in the United Kingdom has been self‐regulated voluntarily from its early beginnings but more recently subject to government regulation with the advent of public funding for family mediation. The article traces the development of this regulatory framework, exploring some of the central tensions that have shaped the emergence of family mediation as a distinct and autonomous professional intervention.
Theory of Laser Induced Fusion in Compound Boron‐Hydrogen Microdroplets
Authors: Krainov V. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe yield of alpha‐particles in nuclear fusion reaction between 11B nuclei and protons in solid microdroplets induced by linearly polarized picosecond laser pulses with high laser contrast is derived analytically. The vacuum (Brunel) heating is the main mechanism for electron heating in overdense plasma. Induced inverse bremsstrahlung can be neglected in the electron heating. Nuclei acquire their kinetic energy due to ambipolar diffusion together with heated electrons at the plasma hydrodynamic expansion with the speed of the ionic sound. The yield of alpha‐particles per one microdroplet of 1¹m size is » 103 for Nd:glass laser with the peak laser intensity of 2 ¢ 1018 W/cm2 and the pulse duration of 1:5 ps. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport Processes in Dusty Plasma Fluid
Authors: Fortov V. E. , Vaulina O. S. , Petrov O. F. , Chernyshev A. V. , Antipov S. N. , Gavrikov A. V. , Shakhova I. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper results are presented from the experimental studies of the dynamics of dust grains in the plasmas of an rf capacitive discharge and a dc glow discharge. The pair correlation function, temperature, and diffusion coefficient of dust grains are measured in a wide range of the dusty plasma parameters. Experimental observations of vortices in dc‐glow discharges and results of the experimental studies of the laminar dusty plasma flow are presented. Results are given of experimental investigation of three‐particle correlation for liquid plasma‐dust structures. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic Compression of Rare Gases and Deuterium at High Pressures
Authors: Nellis W. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLiquid He, Ar, Kr, Xe, and D2 are excellent electrical insulators near ambient pressure. However, at extreme conditions these initially transparent and insulating liquids become electrically conductive fluids with opacity to thermal radiation. Vladimir Fortov has made extensive measurements of equations of state, electrical conductivities, and optical opacities of these fluids at extreme conditions. Experimental results for these fluids at high dynamic pressures will be reviewed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermodynamics of Hydrogen and Hydrogen‐Helium Plasmas: Path Integral Monte Carlo Calculations and Chemical Picture
Authors: Filinov V. S. , Levashov P. R. , Bonitz M. , Fortov V. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper we study thermodynamic properties of hydrogen and hydrogen‐helium mixtures with the help of the direct path integral Monte Carlo simulations. The results are compared with available theoretical and experimental methods based, in particular, on chemical picture. We investigate the effects of temperature ionization in low‐density hydrogen plasma. We also present a number of calculated isotherms for hydrogenhelium mixture with the mass concentration of heliumY= 0.234 in the range from 104K to 2 · 105K. In the density region where a sharp conductivity rise have been observed experimentally the simulations give indications for one or two plasma phase transitions, in accordance with earlier theoretical predictions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A developmental comparison of trace and delay eyeblink conditioning in rats using matching interstimulus intervals
Authors: Claflin Dragana Ivkovich , Garrett Teresa , Buffington Michelle L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of conditioning paradigm and interstimulus interval (ISI) were evaluated in this study of the development of associative learning in rats. The acquisition of classical eyeblink conditioning (EBC) was examined in two paradigms (trace vs. delay), with three different ISIs (short, medium, or long) at two ages (postnatal Days 21–23 or 29–31). These data provide the first parametric analysis of ISI in developing animals trained with trace EBC procedures. Further, by comparing trace and delay EBC, it was determined that when ISI is held constant, acquisition is similar for both conditioning paradigms regardless of developmental age. This suggests a similar ontogeny of associative processes for delay and trace EBC that relies on common neural substrates. However, conditioned response timing (onset and peak latencies) was affected by age and paradigm, suggesting that different neural mechanisms may play a role in timing delay versus trace conditioned responses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47: 77–88, 2005.
What impairs subitizing in cerebral palsied children?
Authors: Arp Sandrine , Fagard Jacqueline 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the factors responsible for the low subitizing limit of cerebral palsied (CP) children. For this purpose, 44 CPs were tested on two tasks involving the rapid recognition of dot configurations. The answer was either a number (subitizing task) or the name of a pattern (pattern recognition task). The CPs were compared to controls of the same age. All children were evaluated for visual and visuospatial short‐term memory. The results showed that CPs with a low subitizing limit did not do better with a canonical arrangement than the random one, were impaired to the same extent on the pattern recognition task as on the subitizing task, and had a short visuospatial short‐term memory span. These results suggest that the low subitizing limit of CPs stems from a (non‐number‐dependent) lesser capacity to perceive a dot configuration as a gestalt. A low subitizing limit was almost always associated with a right‐hemisphere lesion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47: 89–102, 2005.
Effects of priming duration on retention over the first 1½ years of life
Authors: Hsu Vivian C. , Rovee‐Collier Carolyn , Hill Debra L. , Grodkiewicz Jill , Joh Amy S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExposing individuals to an isolated component (a prime) of a prior event alleviates its forgetting. Two experiments with 120 human infants between 3 and 18 months of age determined the minimum duration of a prime that can reactivate a forgotten memory and how long the reactivated memory persists. Infants learned an operant task, forgot it, were exposed to the prime, and later were tested for renewed retention. In Experiment 1, the minimum duration of an effective prime decreased logarithmically with age, but was always longer than the duration of a mere glance. In Experiment 2, the reactivated memory was forgotten twice as fast after a minimum‐duration prime as after a full‐length one, irrespective of priming delay and infant age. These data reveal that the minimum effective prime duration psychophysically equates the accessibility of forgotten memories. We conclude that priming is perceptually based with effects that are organized on a ratio (log) scale. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47: 43–54, 2005.
Orbital Splitting and Pairing Energy in Open‐Shell Organometallics: A Study of Two Families of 16‐Electron Complexes [Cp2M] (M = Cr, Mo, W) and [CpM(PH3)] (M = Co, Rh, Ir)
Authors: Poli Rinaldo , Cacelli Ivo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe singlet–triplet gap for two families of 16‐electron organometallic complexes has been examined in detail by DFT calculations at the B3LYP level with polarized basis sets on both metal and ligands. For the first family, the group 6 metallocenes (Cp2M with Cp = η5‐C5H5 and M = Cr, Mo, W), the singlet–triplet gap (ES – ET) is always positive and decreases continuously on going from Cr to Mo to W. For the family of group 9 CpM(PH3), on the other hand, there is a decrease on going from Co to Rh, followed by a slight increase on going further to Ir. These trends have been analyzed in qualitative monoelectronic terms as a function of the competition between the pairing energy and the orbital gap. While the pairing energy decreases as expected in the order 3d >> 4d > 5d, the orbital gap varies in a different way for the two families and, though quantitatively less important, is responsible for the different trends. It is argued that changes in orbital gap are system‐dependent for open‐shell organometallic systems, thus it is not possible to establish a universal trend of singlet–triplet gaps for a homologous series of complexes with a group of transition metals. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Influence of Tertiary Phosphanes on the Coordination Configurations and Electrochemical Properties of Iron Hydrogenase Model Complexes: Crystal Structures of [(μ‐S2C3H6)Fe2(CO)6–nLn] (L = PMe2Ph, n = 1, 2; PPh3, P(OEt)3, n = 1)
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Mei , He Chengjiang , Li Guanghua , Liu Xiaoyang , Chen Changneng , Åkermark Björn , Sun Licheng 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of mono‐ and disubstituted diiron complexes [(μ‐pdt)Fe2(CO)5L] [pdt = 1,3‐propanedithiolato; L = PMe3 (2), PMe2Ph (3PPh3 (4), P(OEt)3 (5)] and [(μ‐pdt)Fe2(CO)4L2] [L = PMe2Ph (6), PPh3 (7), P(OEt)3 (8)] were prepared as Fe‐only hydrogenase‐active‐site models by controllable CO displacement of [(μ‐pdt)Fe2(CO)6] by tertiary phosphanes. The coordination configurations of 3–6 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Disubstituted diiron complex 6 features an apical/apical coordination mode, instead of the typical transoid basal/basal configuration. The electrochemistry of 2–6 and 8 was studied by cyclic voltammetry to evaluate the effects of different tertiary phosphane ligands on the redox properties of the iron atoms of model complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Exploring the Reactivity towards Acidic Protic Ligands of the Di‐μ‐hydroxo Complex [NBu4]2[Pd2{C4(COOMe)4}2(μ‐OH)2]: A Convenient Precursor in the Preparation of New Palladacyclopentadiene Complexes
Authors: Sánchez Gregorio , Vives Jorge , López Gregorio , Serrano José Luis , García Luis , Pérez José 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe dinuclear hydroxo complex [NBu4]2[Pd2{C4(COOMe)4}2(μ‐OH)2] (I) reacts in a 1:2 molar ratio with a wide variety of protic electrophiles H(L) bearing different sets of donor atoms (L = OO, NS or ON) to give the mononuclear anionic palladium(II) derivatives with the general formula [Pd{C4(COOMe)4}(L)]– [OO = salycilaldehydate (sal) (1), acetohydroxamate (ahx) (2) and benzohydroxamate (bhx) (3); NS = 2‐pyridinthiolate (spy) (4), 2‐pyrimidinthiolate (spym) (5), 3‐methyl‐2‐imidazolin‐thiolate (meimt) (6) and 2‐aminothiophenolate (2‐atp) (7); ON = N‐phenylsalycilaldiminate (N‐phsal) (8), N‐p‐chlorophenylsalycilaldiminate (N‐clsal) (9), N‐p‐tolylsalycilaldiminate (N‐tolsal) (10), 2‐aminophenolate (2‐atp) (11), 2‐pyrrole‐carboxaldeydate (2‐pcal) (12), 8‐hydroxiquinolinate (oxin) (13), picolinate (2‐pic) (14)]. Structural characterisation by X‐ray diffraction of complexes 5, 8 and 13 confirmed the proposed formula. Dinuclear complexes [NBu4]2 [Pd{C4(COOMe)4}(μ‐az)]2 (az = pyrazolate (pz) (15), triazolate (tz) (16) and 3,5‐dimethylpyrazolate (3,5‐Me2pz) (17) were obtained when treating I with azoles in the same molar ratio, and also treating the hydroxo complex with chloranilic acid (chl) (18) and squarate (sq) (19) in 1:1 proportion to yield compounds [NBu4]2[Pd{C4(COOMe)4}2{(μ‐O–O)}] with the ligands acting as bis‐bidentate ones. A related process takes place when (I) reacts with ammonium O,O'‐dialkyldithiophosphates in acetone under mild conditions and complexes [NBu4][Pd{C4(COOMe)4}{S(S)P(OR)2}] (R = Me (20), Et (21), iPr (22)) are obtained. Deprotonation of secondary amines Et2NH, Pr2NH, piperidine or morpholine by (I) in the presence of carbon disulfide leads to the corresponding dithiocarbamate complexes [Pd{C4(COOMe)4}(S2CNR2)] 23–26. (I) also promotes the nucleophilic addition of water to pyridine‐2‐carbonitrile and a mononuclear complex 27 containing the pyridine‐2‐carboxamidate ligand is formed. Its structure has been determined by a single‐crystal diffraction study. The new complexes were fully characterised by analytical and spectroscopic techniques (FAB‐MS, IR; 1H, 13C and 31P‐NMR). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
μ‐η1:η1‐N,N'‐Imidazolidine‐Bridged Dicopper(II/III) Complexes of a New Dinucleating μ‐Bis(tetradentate) Schiff Base Ligand: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, 1H NMR Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Coupling
Authors: Bera Manindranath , Wong Wing Tak , Aromí Guillem , Ray Debashis 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe copper coordination chemistry of a new imidazolidine‐based doubly bridging μ‐bis(tetradentate) ligand, H3mhbai is studied. A new family of pentacoordinate dinuclear complexes of formula [CuII2(‐mhbai)(‐X)]·2 H2O (1–4) [X = OAc, NO3, Cl, S2COMe], where H3mhbai stands for 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐methyl‐3‐aza‐but‐3‐enyl]‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐imidazolidine, were synthesized from the ligand, H3mhbai in air. The complex 1 was structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The μ‐η1:η1‐N,N'‐imidazolidine bridging mode between two copper(II) ions has been identified in this complex along with a nonhelical binding mode of the μ‐bis(tetradentate) ligand. Variable temperature (2–300 K) magnetic susceptibility data of 1 show the presence of a weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the two triply bridged magnetically isolated copper(II) (S = 1/2) ions. The χmT values start to drop at temperature below 50 K, to reach a value of 0.55 cm3 K mol–1 at 2 K for a coupling constant value of J = –2.2 cm–1. The 1H NMR spectrum of the weakly coupled complex 1 shows a total of seventeen hyperfine shifted peaks, as expected from the idealized Cs symmetry of the compound, spread over a very large window of chemical shift, spanning about 130 ppm. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Amphiphile Structures in the Solid State: Complex Cations with Lipophilic Substituents
Authors: Harrowfield Jack M. , Koutsantonis George A. , Nealon Gareth L. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStructural characterisation of hexamine cage complexes, two containing diamagnetic CoIII and one containing paramagnetic CuII, to which both rather short (C4) and relatively long (C13) alkyl substituents have been attached, shows that while the longer “tail” introduces an anticipated bilayer form to the crystalline solid, even the shorter tail can be associated with a form of aggregation of lipophilic entities in the crystal. The short tail at least may also be involved in interactions with anions of a complex type. As surfactants, functionalised cage complexes contain a head group, which is a multi‐site hydrogen‐bonding entity, and which can thus provide a mechanism for further aggregation concomitant with that of any apolar functionality. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Nonanuclear NiII Cluster with a 1,2,4‐Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine Derivative
Authors: Salameh Sawsan , Abul‐Haj Mohammad , Quirós Miguel , Salas Juan M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article describes the nickel cluster compound [Ni9L8(OH)6(NH3)4(H2O)8](NO3)4·8H2O, where L represents the anionic form of the ligand 7,8‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐one. The structure of the cation of this compound is rather complicated, involving nine metal atoms, eight bridging organic ligands, bridging hydroxyl groups, and terminal ammonia and water molecules. The central nickel atom lies on a crystallographic inversion centre, while the other eight define two disorted “cubane‐like” [Ni4(OH)3]5+ subclusters. Each subcluster is linked to the central atom by three triple bridging organic ligands. Additional L ligands bridge two external metal atoms in each subcluster. The variation with temperature of the magnetic susceptibility of the compound indicates the presence of both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions; the latter is predominant. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of a New Type of Glycosidic Linkage: Acetal‐Linked Disaccharides and Trisaccharides of Acyclic and Cyclic Sugars
Authors: Madhusudan Soni Kamlesh , Misra Anup Kumar 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNew types of di‐ and trisaccharides related to a unique trisaccharide present in the cell walls of Proteus have been synthesized by coupling of acyclic sugar dithioacetals and di‐ and monohydroxy cyclic sugars. In this class of compounds an acyclic sugar is linked to a cyclic sugar through an acetal linkage. The formation of these acetal‐linked pseudodi‐ and‐trisaccharides has been achieved by a generalized reaction procedure mediated by 1,3‐dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin under mild, metal‐free and neutral conditions. Sixteen protected and twelve deprotected di‐ and trisaccharides related to the trisaccharide found in the Proteus cell wall have been synthesized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Sugar Allyltin Compounds: Preparation and Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jarosz Sławomir , Gaweł Anna 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGeneral methodology for the preparation of allyltin derivatives is reported, with special attention paid to sugar allyltins. Typical procedures affording such organometallics involve the conversion of partially protected hexoses or pentoses (Sug–CH2OH) into homologated allylic alcohols (Sug–CH=CH–CH2OH), which are further transformed into the primary or secondary sugar allyltin derivatives of the general formula Sug–CH=CH–CH2SnR3, (E)/(Z) ratio ≈ 5:1, or Sug–CH*(SnR3)–CH=CH2 (single isomer with the (S)‐configuration at the newly created chiral center*). Controlled Lewis acid‐induced fragmentation of these hexose‐derived organometallics provides highly oxygenated dienoaldehydes with the (E) geometry across the internal double bond: CH2=CH–CH=CH–[CH(OR)]3–CHO. The (Z)‐dienoaldehydes are also available by thermal fragmentation of the secondary sugar allyltins. Both these synthons ((E) and (Z)) can be further converted into highly functionalized derivatives of bicyclo[4.3.0]nonene and bicyclo[4.4.0]decene. Stereochemical aspects of reactions between sugar allyltins and sugar aldehydes (in the presence of Lewis acids or under high pressure) are also discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Biphenyls and Terphenyls by the Traceless Multifunctional Cleavage of Polymer‐Bound Arenesulfonates
Authors: Cho Chul‐Hee , Park Heon , Park Min‐Ah , Ryoo Tae‐Yong , Lee Yoon‐Sik , Park Kwangyong 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNickel‐catalyzed reactions between polymer‐bound arenesulfonates and aryl Grignard reagents produce unfunctionalized biphenyls and terphenyls in good yields through reductive cleavage/cross‐coupling of the C–S bond. This novel traceless multifunctional cleavage strategy appears to be a powerful tool for the preparation of large oligophenyl libraries, because it allows the introduction of diversity concomitantly with the release of the target compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)