bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces in a young woman with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Corless John A. , Delaney John C. , Page Richard D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn eighteen year‐old woman with anorexia nervosa was admitted to hospital with acute dyspnea. There was no history of trauma to the chest and the patient denied any vomiting.MethodA chest radiograph was taken which showed bilateral pneumothoraces with complete collapse of both lungs.ResultsFollowing insertion of bilateral chest drains the patient made a complete recovery, later having bilateral pleurectomies performed to prevent recurrence.DiscussionWe discuss the evidence suggesting that the state of malnutrition that results from anorexia nervosa may in fact predispose patients to the development of pneumothoraces. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 110–112, 2001.
Fuzzy clustering based on cooccurrence matrix and its application to data retrieval
Authors: Inoue Kohei , Urahama Kiichi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA fuzzy clustering method is proposed to cluster objects and classes based on the cooccurrence matrix that represents the cooccurrence relationship of the objects and the classes. It is a type of method known as a graph spectral method that reduces the problem to an eigenvalue problem and successively extracts the clusters. A method based on the similarity matrix is applied to the cooccurrence matrix and is extended to hierarchical fuzzy clustering. This method obtains the cluster information of the class simultaneously with object clustering. As an application example of this clustering method, we present data retrieval by key words. Since clustering extracts the overall data structure to some degree, the retrieval is robust in noisy data similar to Latent Semantic Indexing. Fuzzy clustering performs object‐level retrieval because the detailed information lost in hard clustering is preserved. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(8): 10–19, 2001
Ferroelectric SBT capacitor for 1‐V operation
Authors: Okuwada Kumi , Saito Mami 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFor realization of low‐voltage operation of ferroelectric nonvolatile memory, it is essential to fabricate thinner SBT film with high breakdown voltage. Repetition process for the sol‐gel derived SBT film was modified to obtain thinner film with flat surface and high density. The breakdown voltage increased above 1 MV/cm. Good ferroelectric properties were obtained even in 1000‐Å‐thick film and the switching charge saturated at 1.0 V without asymmetry in the polarization. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(8): 49–54, 2001
Measurement of phase noise in high‐precision oscillator using PLL‐type frequency multiplier
Authors: Sakuta Yukinori , Mino Hideki , Sekine Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMeasurement of phase noise using PLL is known as a highly precise method. But the method cannot be applied when the stability of the test oscillator is higher than that of the reference frequency.We propose a new measurement method based on the following idea: (1) make the signals which magnify phase noise in the test oscillator have higher stability by using a PLL, (2) include them in the VCXO's output and measure it.In this paper, we have clarified conditions to allow measurement over a wide frequency range and compare measured values with calculated values on phase noise of crystal oscillator. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(8): 64–70, 2001
Decentralized exciter stabilizing control for multimachine power systems
Authors: Niioka Satoru , Yokoyama Ryuichi , Fujita Goro , Shirai Goro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a systematic approach to design controllers based on H‐infinity theory for a multimachine power system is presented. Generally, a centralized control scheme is difficult for a large‐scale interconnected power system because of the necessity of obtaining information on the whole system, computation times, and so on. In order to handle these problems, two decentralized control schemes are proposed. One is based on the decomposition of information. The feedback gains for the whole system are obtained, and after decomposing the gains into subblocks for each area, the diagonal block is used to design the controller for each generator. The other is based on area decompositions. The procedure is carried out by decomposing the original system into blocks for each area and the local feedback gain is obtained by using information for each decomposed system. Furthermore, to improve the robustness of the system, an effective weighting matrix design, which involves the allocation of eigenvalues, is also proposed. Several simulation tests show the effectiveness of the proposed methods. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(1): 35–43, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1144
Proposal of a cannibalism bug‐based search strategy using genetic algorithms (C‐BUGS) and its application to multiobjective optimization problems
Authors: Yasuda Keiichiro , Yamazaki Osamu , Watanabe Takao 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFor decision support under a multiobjective environment, it is effective to offer a Pareto optimal solution set with uniform distribution to the decision‐maker. In this paper, a new optimization method for obtaining a Pareto optimal solution set with such uniform distribution is proposed. In order to overcome the difficulty of realizing this goal, the concept of cannibalism is introduced in BUGS (a bug‐based search strategy using genetic algorithms). Introducing the concept of cannibalism achieves the uniform distribution of Pareto optimal solutions. A numerical experiment using typical continuous and discrete multiobjective optimization problems clarifies the usefulness of the proposed method. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(1): 51–64, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1146
‘The less I trust, the less I contribute (or not)?’ The effects of trust, accountability and self‐monitoring in social dilemmas
Authors: De Cremer David , Snyder Mark , Dewitte Siegfried 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe present research examined the influence of trust, accountability, and self‐monitoring on individual decision makers' willingness to contribute in a give‐some game and in an experimental public goods dilemma. Previous research has shown that trust and contributions are positively related such that high trusters generally contribute more than low trusters. The present research questions the pervasiveness of this relation by arguing that low trusters may increase their contributions to the same level as those of high trusters, but only under circumstances where their decisions are highly identifiable to their interaction partner(s). Both studies showed that strong perceptions of trust, high accountability and high self‐monitoring influenced contributions positively. In line with predictions, individuals low in trust contributed up to the same level as high trusters when accountability was high rather than low. Moreover, this interaction between trust and accountability was only found among those classified as high self‐monitors. Our results suggest that the well‐known positive relation between trust and contributions may take a different form when situational cues and individual predispositions are taken into account. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mode‐acceleration approach to seismic response of multiply‐supported secondary systems
Authors: Chandra Rao V. Surya , Chaudhuri Samit Ray , Gupta Vinay K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA mode‐acceleration approach has been proposed for estimating the seismic response of a linear, classically‐damped, multiply‐supported secondary system within the framework of a power spectral density function (PSDF)‐based stochastic approach, while the primary system is linear and classically‐damped. Response transfer functions have been formulated in terms of chosen numbers of fixed‐base modes of the primary and secondary systems. The proposed approach does not involve the determination of combined system properties, and is applicable to the secondary systems with high mass ratios also. Through a few example primary–secondary systems and an example band‐limited white noise excitation, it has been shown that this approach leads to reasonably accurate results when only a few primary and secondary modes are to be considered. The proposed formulation has been used to obtain input data for a decoupled response spectrum analysis of secondary systems. This data accurately accounts for the effects of interaction between the primary and secondary systems. It is shown to lead to substantial reductions in the errors associated with the envelope spectrum method in the case of moderately heavy to heavy secondary systems and when the spatial coupling does not play a major role. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of semi‐active tuned mass dampers to base‐excited systems
Authors: Setareh Mehdi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA continuously variable semi‐active damper is used in a tuned mass damper (TMD) to reduce the level of vibration of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system subjected to harmonic base excitations. The ground hook dampers as have been used in the auto‐industry are being studied here. Using these dampers a new class of tuned mass dampers, named as ground hook tuned mass dampers (GHTMD) is being introduced. In order to generalize the design properties of the GHTMDs, they are defined in terms of non‐dimensional parameters. The optimum design parameters of GHTMDs for lightly damped systems are obtained based on the minimization of the steady‐state displacement response of the main mass. These parameters are computed for different mass ratios and main system damping ratios. Frequency responses of the resulting systems are compared to that of equivalent TMDs using passive dampers. In addition, other characteristics of this system as compared to the passive TMDs are discussed. A design guide to obtain the optimum parameters of GHTMD using the developed diagrams in this paper based on non‐dimensional values is presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compliance with a self‐care manual in guided self‐change for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Thiels Cornelia , Schmidt Ulrike , Troop Nicholas , Treasure Janet , Garthe Rolf 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of compliance and its predictors on outcome.Method62 patients with DSM‐III‐R bulimia nervosa (BN) were randomly assigned to a self‐care manual plus eight fortnightly sessions of guided self‐change or 16 sessions of weekly cognitive behavioural therapy.ResultsAt the end of treatment, the group of high compliers had not achieved higher abstinence rates than low compliers regarding BN symptoms. At follow‐up on average 43 weeks (SD 26) after the end of therapy, those who had completed more exercises were more likely than low compliers to be abstinent from bingeing and vomiting. Those with a high frequency of vomiting at the beginning of therapy were less likely to use the manual while those with a longer duration of illness and higher levels of restraint were more likely to use the manual.DiscussionExercises seem to be particularly important. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A new instrument measuring disturbed eating patterns in community populations: development and initial validation of a five‐item scale (EDS‐5)
Authors: Rosenvinge Jan H. , Perry Judith A. , Bjørgum Lars , Bergersen Trine D. , Silvera David H. , Holte Arne 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper reports on the development and validation of a brief scale, the Eating Disturbance Scale (EDS‐5), as a screening instrument for problematic eating disorders in normal populations. A nationwide sample of 6313 subjects completed 22 questions about eating patterns. Using principal component analysis, these questions were cut down to five items, forming a scale. From another epidemiological study (N = 835), 51 female subjects responded to these five questions in addition to a clinical interview. The scale yielded a Cronbach alpha of 0.83 and 0.86, respectively, Also, a sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 and 0.88 was found with respect to DSM‐IV eating disorders. The concurrent and construct validity show significant correlations with Eating Disorder Inventory subscales measuring disturbed eating (M = 0.55, range 0.44–0.73), and even higher correlations with similar factors from the self‐report version of the Eating Disorder Examination (M = 0.73, range 0.60–0.89). The results suggest that the EDS‐5 is sensitive to disordered eating patterns and that this instrument appears promising for screening purposes in community samples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Experimental frost weathering of sandstone by various combinations of salts
Authors: Williams R. B. G. , Robinson D. A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWeathering experiments are reported combining frost and a range of salts that occur naturally on rock faces in western and central Europe. Potassium and ammonium alums enhanced frost weathering quite considerably, both singly and in combination, though they were less potent than halite, the destructiveness of which, at sub‐zero temperatures, was again confirmed. By contrast, alunogen and gypsum had little or no effect on rates of frost weathering either singly or in combination. Combining halite and gypsum produced breakdown that was intermediate between that of the two salts individually, as did the combination of gypsum and potassium alum. Breakdown in solutions of ammonium alum and gypsum, and in a combination of potassium and ammonium alum with gypsum, caused greater breakdown over 25 cycles of freeze–thaw than was recorded with the salts singly. The results extend the range of salts known to enhance frost weathering, and show that it is difficult to predict the aggressiveness of combinations of salts by experimenting with each salt separately. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pore properties as indicators of breakdown mechanisms in experimentally weathered limestones
Authors: Nicholson Dawn T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe results are reported of four experimental weathering tests – freeze – thaw, wetting and drying, slake durability and salt weathering – on five different types of limestone. Effective porosity, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate changes in pore properties, while weight loss and fracture density were used to assess deterioration severity. A primary aim was to observe modifications in porosity due to weathering and to draw inferences about the internal rock deterioration mechanisms taking place.It is concluded that the five limestones not only show a wide range of resistance to weathering in general but considerable difference in resistance to particular weathering processes. Consequently, when assessing durability it is essential to consider rock properties in the context of the weathering process to which the rock is subject. The type of deterioration indicator used is also important in interpretation of durability.A variety of pore modification mechanisms operate, including changes in pore connectivity, pore infilling, and the introduction of additional void space. There are indications that changes to the internal pore structure of rocks due to weathering may be a precursor to more substantial macrodeterioration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field testing of Glew and Ford's model of solution flute evolution
Authors: Mottershead Derek , Lucas Gerald 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBased on a laboratory simulation, Glew and Ford (Earth Surface Processes, 1980, vol. 5, pp. 25–36) put forward a model of solution flute formation which embraces both morphological evolution and time to formation. The occurrence of dated fluted surfaces in the field presents opportunities to test this model. The morphological development of flutes is consistent with the experimental observations in that width stabilizes early whereas depth continues to increase. The time to formation of flutes is confirmed as limestone (103 years)>gypsum (102 years)>salt (101 years), and is consistent with the solubility of the main rock‐forming minerals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of experimental quartz microdebitage from rock engravings
Authors: Dragovich Deirdre , Susino George J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMany Aboriginal rock engravings in Australia have been pecked or abraded into sandstone outcrops. The engraving process produces some fine (<1 mm diameter) sediment or microdebitage which is derived both from the outcrop surface and the stone ‘pecking’ tool. Quartz grains constitute a relatively durable component of microdebitage. Comparisons were made between quartz grains derived from experimental microdebitage and those occurring naturally in sediments in the arid Broken Hill area, Australia, and in coastal dunes and weathered building stone in Sydney (warm temperate climate).Visual assessment of the roundness of quartz grains was made from scanning electron micrographs. Experimental microdebitage was angular in shape, contrasting with the subrounded grains in the original sandstone, in the nearby soil, and in coastal dunes near Sydney. Quartz grains from sandstone in a Sydney building weathered in the city environment into angular to very angular grains. Surface features usually associated with mechanically crushed grains and microdebitage were recognized in experimental microdebitage but not in quartz grains derived from other sources. If quartz microdebitage could be identified in natural sediments and dated using single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence, information would be gained about periods of engraving activity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gypsum formation in non‐calcareous building sandstone: a case study of Scrabo sandstone
Authors: McKinley J. M. , Curran J. M. , Turkington A. V. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper addresses one central issue of building stone research: an origin for calcium in gypsum formation in non‐calcareous sandstones. A comparative study of Scrabo sandstone from outcrops and a 120‐year‐old building in central Belfast shows how weathering has significantly altered the mineralogy. Preliminary results suggest that the occurrence of gypsum throughout the stone blocks is related to chemical reactions between a pore‐filling mineral constituent, actinolite (Ca Mg amphibole), and sulphur oxides from urban pollution. These findings advocate an internal source of calcium for gypsum formation, and provide new evidence to explain the enhanced decay displayed in some Scrabo sandstone. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature of calcareous deposits along pan margins in eastern central Namibia
Authors: Mees Florias 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn a region along the western margin of the Kalahari in eastern Namibia and western Botswana, many pan basins have mainly calcareous deposits along part of their margins. These are typically lined by low vertical scarps. In Namibia, these pans are mainly located in dry river beds. The petrographical study of these deposits demonstrates that they consist of lacustrine sediments that have to a varying extent been affected by early‐diagenetic processes and by the formation of late‐diagenetic features.The original composition of the deposits ranges from highly calcareous sediments, typically with ostracod, diatom and charophyte remains, to entirely non‐calcareous diatomites. The deposits generally show an upward increase in total carbonate content, which is mainly a synsedimentary feature. The early‐diagenetic processes that affected the deposits include the formation of orthic siliceous nodules. At a later stage, secondary calcite enrichment occurred, leaving only the silica‐impregnated sections unaffected. This enrichment partly accounts for the upward increase in total carbonate content in some profiles and often resulted in the development of a highly calcareous surface horizon. Sepiolite and amorphous silica that are part of the groundmass of the deposits may also partly have formed at this stage. Late‐diagenetic features include various forms of secondary calcite and silica.This study of pan basins in eastern central Namibia indicates that a lacustrine rather than purely pedogenic origin should also be considered for calcareous deposits that commonly occur along pan margins in other parts of southern Africa. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A short synthesis of the monoterpenes (−)‐6α‐hydroxy‐ carvotanacetone and (−)‐6β‐hydroxycarvotanacetone from (R)‐(−)‐carvone
Authors: dos Santos R. B. , Zanotto P. R. , Brocksom T. J. , Brocksom U. 
Published: September 2002

Abstract6‐Hydroxycarvotanacetone[2‐methyl‐5‐(1‐methylethyl)‐6‐hydroxycyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one] has been isolated in small amounts from the essential oil of Laggera alata (D. Don) Sch. Bip. ex Oliv., although its absolute stereostructure has not yet been unequivocally established. A short synthesis of two diastereomers of 6‐hydroxycarvotanacetone from (R)‐(−)‐carvone via regioselective epoxidation of its dienylsilyl ether is described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil composition of genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii from India
Authors: Raina V. K. , Lal R. K. , Tripathi Savita , Khan M. , Syamasundar K. V. , Srivastava S. K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn Erratum for this article has been published in Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17(5) 2002, 404.
The essential oil composition of four genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii leaves cultivated at the CIMAP Research Farm, Lucknow, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The oil from the stock of the northern Indian plains, Lucknow, showed β‐pinene (70.0%), β‐caryophyllene (6.5%) and α‐pinene (5.4%) as the major constituents, while the oil from the stock of the lower Himalayan range, Pant Nagar, showed α‐pinene (65.7%), β‐pinene (13.4%) and β‐phellandrene (7.4%) as the major constituents. In contrast to the above, the oil from the stock of southern India, Kozhikode, showed β‐caryophyllene (53.9%), aromadendrene (10.7%) and α‐selinene (6.3%) as the major constituents. On the other hand, the oil from the stock of eastern India, Bhubaneshwar, showed β‐phellandrene (30.2%), β‐caryophyllene (24.2%), α‐pinene (15.0%), (E)‐β‐ocimene (5.0%) and aromadendrene (4.5%) as the major constituents. The GC–MS analysis of the stock oil samples from the northern Indian plains, lower Himalayan range, southern and eastern India resulted in the identification of 65, 56, 57 and 66, constituents, representing 99.2%, 98.8%, 87.4% and 98.2% of the oils, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salt effect on the quality and recovery of essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt)
Authors: Naqvi A. A. , Mandal S. , Chattopadhyay A. , Prasad A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFour different salts, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate, were used as additives in the distillation of Java citronella to monitor the effect of salts on the quality and recovery of oil. Only calcium chloride was found to enhance the oil yield and the citronellal content with significant reduction in elemol content of the essential oil. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile constituents of Hymenocrater incanus Bunge, an Iranian endemic species
Authors: Mirza M. , Ahmadi L. , Tayebi M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Hymenocrater incanus Bunge growing in Iran, isolated by hydrodistillation, was analysed by GC–MS. The oil was found to contain 35 components. The oil was rich in β‐caryophyllene (17.6%) and 1,8‐cineole (16.9%). The other major constituents were α‐pinene (9.2%), β‐pinene (7%), trans‐β‐ocimene (5.4%), germacrene‐D (4.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.9%). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.