bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PI‐3‐kinase/NF‐κB mediated response of Jurkat T leukemic cells to two different chemotherapeutic drugs, etoposide and TRAIL
Authors: Sabatini N. , Di Pietro R. , Rapino M. , Sancilio S. , Comani S. , Cataldi A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractJurkat T leukemic cells respond to Etoposide, antineoplastic agent which targets the DNA unwinding enzyme, Topoisomerase II, and TNF‐Related‐Apoptosis‐Inducing‐Ligand (TRAIL), 34 kDa transmembrane protein, which displays minimal or no toxicity on normal cells and tissues, not only disclosing the occurrence of apoptosis but also a kind of resistance. A similar rate of viability upon the exposure to these two drugs up to 24 h has been evidenced, followed by the occurrence of a rescue process against TRAIL, not performed against Etoposide, along with an higher number of dead cells upon Etoposide exposure, in comparison with TRAIL treatment. These preliminary results let us to speculate on the possible involvement of PI‐3‐kinase in TRAIL resistance disclosed by surviving cells (20%), may be phosphorylating Akt‐1 and, in parallel, IκB α on both serine and tyrosine residues. On the other hand, in Etoposide Jurkat exposed cells Ser 32‐36 phosphorylation of IκB α is not sufficient to overbalance the apoptotic fate of the cells, since Bax increase, IAP decrease, and caspase‐3 activation determine the persistence of the apoptotic state along with the occurrence of cell death by necrosis. Thus, the existence of a balance between apoptotic and rescue response in 20% of cells surviving to TRAIL suggests the possibility of pushing it in favor of cell death in order to improve the yield of pharmacological strategies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: A new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors
Authors: Kalejta Robert F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe DNA tumor virus oncogenes (adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen, and papillomavirus E7) have been instrumental in illuminating the molecules and mechanisms of cell cycle progression and carcinogenesis. However, since these multifunctional proteins target so many important cellular regulators, it is sometimes difficult to establish the functional importance of any individual interaction. Perhaps a herpesvirus protein, newly defined as a cell cycle regulator, can help address these issues. Like the DNA tumor virus proteins, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pp71 protein contains a retinoblastoma protein (Rb) binding motif (LxCxD), and stimulates DNA synthesis in quiescent cells. Unlike E1A, T antigen, and E7, pp71 expression does not induce apoptosis, nor does it cooperate to transform primary cells. Determining how pp71 induces cell cycle progression without invoking apoptosis or leading to cellular transformation may help in defining the signals that ultimately lead to these processes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Binding of MCF‐7 cell mitochondrial proteins and recombinant human estrogen receptors α and β to human mitochondrial dna estrogen response elements
Authors: Chen Jin Q. , Eshete Matthewos , Alworth William L. , Yager James D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractOur previous studies have shown that 17β estradiol (E2) enhances the transcript levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐encoded genes and mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) activity via estrogen receptors (ER). Others have reported the presence of putative estrogen responsive elements (ERE) in human mtDNA (mtEREs) and detection of ERs in mitochondria of rat uterine and ovary cells. Recently, we demonstrated the E2‐enhanced mitochondrial localization of ERα and ERβ, and E2‐induced mtDNA transcript levels in MCF‐7 cells. In this study, we applied electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine if mitochondrial extracts, recombinant human ERα (rhERα), and rhERβ interact with mtEREs. Using EMSAs, we observed that ER‐containing mitochondrial extracts bound to mtEREs and the binding was enhanced by E2, whereas the binding of mitochondrial proteins from ERβ‐deficient cells was almost undetectable. Both rhERα and rhERβ bound to the mtEREs and their binding was altered by their respective antibodies. However, the ERα antibodies did not alter the binding of MCF‐7 cell mitochondrial extracts to mtEREs whereas the binding MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell mitochondrial extracts to mtEREs was reduced by ERβ antibody. These results suggest that the mtERE‐bound mitochondrial protein is ERβ. Using SPR, we observed the binding of both ERs to mtEREs and that the binding was increased by E2. These results indicate that the mitochondrial ERs can interact with mtEREs and suggest that they may be directly involved in E2 induction of mtDNA transcription. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of cell signalling cascades by steroid hormones
Authors: Cheskis Boris J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSteroid hormones control a wide variety of cellular functions important for cell homeostasis, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Evidence collected in the last few years indicates that this regulation is mediated by a complex interface of direct control of gene expression (so‐called “transcriptional” action, driven by receptors that are localized in cell nucleus) and by regulation of cell signaling/phosphorylation cascades (“extranuclear” action, mediated by receptors that are localized in close proximity to cellular membrane). Regulation of gene expression takes place via ligand‐dependent receptor binding to target gene promoters as part of the preinitiation complex, which leads to chromatin remodeling and ultimately regulates the rate of gene expression. Steroid‐mediated regulation of cell signaling does not depend on gene transcription or protein biosynthesis. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully understood. This review will focus on recent developments related to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the extranuclear action of steroid hormones. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dexamethasone inhibits insulin‐induced chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells by preventing PI3K‐Akt signaling and DNA binding of Runx2
Authors: Fujita Takashi , Fukuyama Ryo , Enomoto Hirayuki , Komori Toshihisa 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGlucocorticoids play important roles in cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of application of dexamethasone (DEX) at the early stage of chondrogenesis using the prechondrogenic cell line, ATDC5, which differentiates into chondrocytes in the presence of insulin. When ATDC5 cells were cultured in the presence of DEX and insulin, DEX inhibited insulin‐induced cellular condensation and subsequent cartilaginous nodule formation, and reduced proteoglycan synthesis and type II collagen expression dose‐dependently. Pretreatment with 10−8 M DEX for 1 day inhibited insulin‐induced Akt phosphorylation, but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation, in ATDC5 cells. Treatment of ATDC5 cells with insulin for more than 2 days upregulated the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) subunit proteins, p85 and p110, and Akt, whereas the upregulation was inhibited in the presence of 10−8 M DEX. In electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs), treatment with 10−8 M DEX inhibited DNA binding of Runx2 during culture of ATDC5 cells with insulin. Reporter assays using osteocalcin promoter showed that DEX inhibited Runx2‐dependent transcription dose‐dependently. Adenoviral introduction of dominant‐negative (dn)‐Akt or dn‐Runx2 into ATDC5 cells inhibited cellular condensation and reduced proteoglycan synthesis upon incubation with insulin, whereas adenoviral introduction of Akt or Runx2 prevented the inhibition of chondrogenesis by DEX. These findings indicate that DEX inhibits chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells at the early stage by downregulating Akt phosphorylation as well as the protein levels of PI3K subunits and Akt, thereby suppressing PI3K‐Akt signaling, and by inhibiting DNA binding of Runx2 and Runx2‐dependent transcription. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms regulating the origins of the vertebrate vascular system
Authors: Saha Margaret S. , Cox Elizabeth A. , Sipe Conor W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn order to sustain growth, differentiation, and organogenesis, vertebrate embryos must form a functional vascular system early in embryonic development. Intrinsic interest in this process as well as the promise of potential clinical applications has led to significant progress in understanding the mechanisms governing the formation of the vascular system, however the earliest stages of vascular development—the emergence of committed endothelial precursors from the mesoderm—remain unclear. A review of the current literature reveals an unexpected diversity and heterogeneity with respect to where vascular endothelial cells originate in the embryo, when they become committed and the mechanisms governing how endothelial cells acquire their identity. Spatially, a widespread region of the early mesoderm possesses the ability to give rise to vascular endothelial cells; temporally the process is not limited to a small window during embryogenesis, but rather, may continue throughout the lifespan of the organism. On the molecular level, recent findings point to several determinative pathways that regulate, modulate, and extend the scope of the Flk1/VEGF signaling system. An expanding array of novel gene products implicated in endothelial cell type determination appear to act synergistically, with different combinations of factors leading to diverse cellular responses, varying patterns of differentiation, and considerable heterogeneity of endothelial cell types during embryogenesis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From the horse's mouth: A case for Combined‐Integrated doctoral training in professional psychology
Authors: Crowley Susan L. , Peterson Gary 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAlthough new to many members of the psychological community, the notion of a “combined” model of training has been in existence for nearly 30 years (Beutler & Fisher, 1994). The present article is intended to outline the benefits and advantages of the Combined‐Integrated (C‐I) model. Following a brief discussion of the terms “combined” and “integrated,” the advantages of C‐I training are discussed across five key themes: (a) the high overlap across traditional practice area training, (b) the advantages of the breadth of training offered, (c) the advantages of C‐I training for the professional of psychology, (d) the pragmatic advantages of C‐I training to faculty and students, and (e) the benefits of C‐I training for salient constituency groups. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
A theoretical model for biosorption of cadmium, zinc and copper by aerobic granules based on initial conditions
Authors: Liu Yu , Xu Hui , Yang Shu‐Fang , Tay Joo‐Hwa 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBatch tests have been most commonly employed to investigate the biosorption isotherms of heavy metals. There is evidence showing that the biosorption isotherm is influenced by initial metal and biosorbent concentrations, namely Co and Xo. However, a quantitative description of the effect of initial conditions on biosorption isotherms still remained elusive. According to the thermodynamics of the biosorption process, an initial condition‐dependent isotherm equation for biosorption of heavy metals was derived and verified by experimental data. This model demonstrated that the biosorption isotherms of heavy metals by aerobic granules were a function of the Co/Xo ratio. The biosorption constant involved in the proposed model had a clearly defined physical meaning; this constant was found to be equal to the inverse of the thermodynamic equilibrium constant of the biosorption process. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Control and legacy as functions of perceived criticality in major incidents
Authors: Crego Jonathan , Alison Laurence 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper outlines a model that captures the experiences of 28 Senior Officers who have managed some of the most significant police incidents in the UK in the past 5 years. The process for capturing the model rests on ‘pragmatic psychology’ (Fishman, 1999; Alison, West & Goodwill, 2003), a paradigm that recognizes practitioners' experiences as a central component of research and policy development. We utilized a set of connected electronic notebooks to enable each critical incident manager to log their experiences and views of the case that they managed. As each individual logs this information, it is simultaneously distributed to all participants. Thus, information is rapidly shared, stimulating further thought and discussion. Following the initial knowledge‐sharing phase, participants reorder the material into themed categories that can then be scored against specific criteria (in this case ‘impact’ and ‘ease’). This session revealed that senior officers consider a combination of two co‐occurring issues as most significant in defining the ‘criticality’ of the incident: (i) how direct an impact the facet has on the enquiry at hand; and (ii) whether that issue will influence how the service will be judged (by the community, the victims and the media). These issues were perceived as the most complex and difficult to deal with. We argue that this perception is a joint function of perceived lack of control alongside the belief that judgment and blame regarding the incident will ultimately reside with them as managers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Features and investigative implications of muti murder in South Africa
Authors: Labuschagne Gérard 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDrawing upon anthropological, legal and forensic publications, an interview with a South African Zulu traditional healer and direct information gained during homicide investigations, the nature of Muti murder is discussed. Muti murder is defined as a murder in which body parts are removed from a live victim for the sole purpose of using the victim's body parts medicinally. These body parts are then often mixed with other ingredients or used alone to make a medicine called muti. Muti is a Zulu (umuthi) word meaning medicine. The victim usually dies as a result of blood loss from the wounds. While muti murders have occurred throughout history in South African culture, little is known about them and little research exists on the phenomenon. The term muti murder has been used interchangeably with the term ritual or sacrificial murder, often adding to confusion in terminology and definitions regarding these types of cases. This paper provides an overview of muti murder, explains the context in which these types of murder occur, defines the offenders and victims involved, and provides guidelines for investigating these types of murders. Two cases where muti murder was suspected are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palestinian suicide bombers
Authors: Soibelman Mali 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe factors underlying the development of Palestinian suicide bombers are explored through a review of published studies and drawing on interviews with five bombers caught before they detonated the bombs they were carrying. The concomitants of becoming a suicide bomber are explored through political, social and psychological processes, including religious and ideological belief systems and personal characteristics. It is argued that there is no single cause or explanation for taking on this role, but that it comes out of a mixture of circumstances, which varies from individual to individual. The current review challenges the common assumption that all suicide bombers are teenage religious fanatics and shows that less extreme personality characteristics can lead to a person deciding to kill him/herself for a cause, given other circumstances. The implications of these findings as well as the weaknesses in the current study are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suicide without explicit precursors: a state of secret despair?
Authors: Canter David , Giles Susan , Nicol Catherine 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAlthough it is usually assumed that all those who commit suicide give some prior indication of their intention to take their own life, there is growing evidence that a small but significant proportion of suicides occur without any clear, explicit indicators. It is proposed that these suicides share similar pathways to other suicides but that the despair involved is not expressed so clearly, often being kept secret. In order to identify such suicides and potential suicides it is helpful to have an indicator of the dominant sub‐sets of constituents that are precursors to suicide. A 14‐item Suicide Precursors Scale (SPS) was therefore developed. This was applied to 128 cases of suicide that occurred between January 1997 and December 2000 in Stockport (South Manchester, UK). A very high alpha coefficient of 0.98 supported the reliability and homogeneity of the SPS. A Multi‐Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis of the SPS revealed three prototypical sub‐sets of expressions of suicidal actions—illness, life circumstances, and depressive history. These are offered as coherent themes in the life of potential suicides, which may be of assistance both in determining whether an equivocal death is suicide or not, and in alerting caring agencies to the potential for suicide even when the despair is kept secret. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actin‐binding proteins in a postsynaptic preparation: Lasp‐1 is a component of central nervous system synapses and dendritic spines
Authors: Phillips Greg R. , Anderson Tonya R. , Florens Laurence , Gudas Christopher , Magda Gabriela , Yates John R. , Colman David R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCNS synapses are complex sites of cell–cell communication. Identification and characterization of the protein components of synapses will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of neurotransmission and plasticity. We applied multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) to purified, guanidine‐solubilized postsynaptic fractions to identify novel synaptically localized molecules. We identified several actin‐associated proteins known to regulate actin polymerization and control cell motility in nonneural cells that have not previously been associated with CNS synaptic function. One of these is lasp‐1, an actin‐associated LIM and SH3 domain‐containing protein. We show that lasp‐1 is strongly expressed by CNS neurons and is concentrated at synaptic sites. Overall, the preponderance of actin‐associated proteins in postsynaptic density fractions, and specifically those involved in actin reorganization, suggests that there are many modes by which the state of synaptic F‐actin polymerization and, hence, synaptic physiology are affected. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fate of transient catecholaminergic cell types revealed by site‐specific recombination in transgenic mice
Authors: Matsushita Natsuki , Kobayashi Kenta , Miyazaki Jun‐ichi , Kobayashi Kazuto 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCatecholamine‐producing cell types are generated from specified neuronal lineages during vertebrate development. The catecholaminergic phenotype is also expressed transiently in some cell types in non‐catecholaminergic tissues, including the sensory ganglia, enteric ganglia, and ventral portions of the neural tube during embryonic development. The fate of the transient catecholaminergic cell types at later developmental stages, however, has not been elucidated. We developed a Cre‐loxP‐mediated recombination system under the control of the dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH) promoter, which drives gene expression in typical noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups as well as in transient catecholaminergic cell types. Expression of Cre recombinase in transgenic mice resulted in an efficient recombination in noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups at the adult stage. The recombination was also induced in the cranial nerve/spinal cord motor neurons and sensory/enteric ganglion neurons. Analysis of recombination patterns in transgenic mouse embryos showed the occurrence of recombination during prenatal development in both cell types exhibiting the typical and transient catecholaminergic phenotypes. Because the DBH gene promoter is expressed transiently in the ventral neural tube and sensory ganglion during embryonic development, our results provide evidence that the cell types showing a transient catecholaminergic phenotype in these tissues are destined to become mature motor neurons or sensory ganglion neurons during subsequent differentiation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotensin receptor‐3/sortilin mediates neurotensin‐induced cytokine/chemokine expression in a murine microglial cell line
Authors: Dicou Eleni , Vincent Jean‐Pierre , Mazella Jean 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe show that the type I neurotensin receptor‐3 (also called sortilin) is the only known neurotensin receptor expressed in a murine microglial cell line and that its activation leads to phosphorylation of both extracellular signaling‐regulated (Erk1/2) and Akt kinases. Using semiquantitative reverse‐transcriptase (RT) PCR, we demonstrate that neurotensin induces gene expression of several cytokines/chemokines including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1, interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. This induction is dependent on both phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinases pathways. We observe that the effect of neurotensin on cytokine/chemokine expression is inhibited by the neurotensin receptor‐3 propeptide, a selective ligand of this receptor. These results demonstrate that the neurotensin receptor‐3 is functional in microglial cells where it mediates the induction of chemokines/cytokines expression by neurotensin. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Einfluss von Temperatur und Vorverformung auf das plastische Werkstoffverhalten von modernen Karosseriestählen
Authors: Bleck W. , Frehn A. , Ohlert J. , Sonne H.‐M. , Steinbeck G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIm einem gemeinsam von der Automobil‐ und Stahlindustrie durchgeführten Projekt wurde das plastische Werkstoffverhalten von 20 Stählen für Feinblech beschrieben. Im Einzelnen wurden Fließkurven im quasistatischen Zugversuch bei den Temperaturen ‐40 °C, 23 °C und 100 °C sowohl im Anlieferungszustand als auch in verschiedenen Vorverformungs‐ und Wärmebehandlungszuständen ermittelt. Des Weiteren führten Versuche im Rahmen der technologischen Blechprüfung zu Grenzformänderungsschaubildern sowie zu Tiefzieh‐Arbeitsbereichen und Grenzziehverhältnissen. Die Ergebnisse der Zugversuche offenbarten signifikante Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Stahlgruppen hinsichtlich ihres Verfestigungsverhaltens, das durch Verfestigungskurven und abgeleitete Kennwerte wie dem Streckgrenzenverhältnis Rp0,2/Rm oder dem ΘIV‐Wert beschrieben werden kann sowie deren Temperaturabhängigkeit. Das Projekt hat gezeigt, dass es innerhalb dieser definierten Stahlgruppen mit ähnlichem Verfestigungsverhalten grundsätzlich möglich erscheint, nur für wenige ausgewählte Zustände Fließkurven aufzunehmen und die Fließkurven von Stählen abweichender Festigkeit vorherzusagen. Dies ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die kostengünstige Bereitstellung von Eingabegrößen für eine numerische Werkstoff‐ und Bauteilmodellierung.