bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The olfactory working memory capacity paradigm: A more sensitive and robust method of assessing cognitive function in male 5XFAD mice
Authors: Jiang Li‐Xin , Huang Geng‐Di , Wang Hua‐Li , Zhang Chen , Yu Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe olfactory working memory capacity (OWMC) paradigm is able to detect cognitive deficits in 5XFAD mice (an animal model of Alzheimer's disease [TG]) as early as 3 months of age, while other behavioral paradigms detect cognitive deficits only at 4–5 months of age. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate that the OWMC paradigm is more sensitive and consistent in the early detection of declines in cognitive function than other commonly used behavioral paradigms. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), subiculum (SUB), and amygdala (AMY) of 5XFAD mice were harvested and subjected to immunostaining to detect the expression of β‐amyloid (Aβ). Additionally, we compared the performance of 3‐month‐old male 5XFAD mice on common behavioral paradigms for assessing cognitive function (i.e., the open field [OF] test, novel object recognition [NOR] test, novel object location [NOL] test, Y‐maze, and Morris water maze [MWM]) with that on the OWMC task. In the testing phase of the OWMC task, we varied the delay periods to evaluate the working memory capacity (WMC) of wild‐type (WT) mice. Significant amyloid plaque deposition was observed in the PFC, RSC, SUB, and AMY of 3‐month‐old male 5XFAD mice. However, aside from the OWMC task, the other behavioral tests failed to detect cognitive deficits in 5XFAD mice. Additionally, to demonstrate the efficacy of the OWMC task in assessing WMC, we varied the retention delay periods; we found that the WMC of WT mice decreased with longer delay periods. The OWMC task is a sensitive and robust behavioral assay for detecting changes in cognitive function.
The impact of correction methods on rare‐event meta‐analysis
Authors: Zabriskie Brinley N. , Cole Nolan , Baldauf Jacob , Decker Craig 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMeta‐analyses have become the gold standard for synthesizing evidence from multiple clinical trials, and they are especially useful when outcomes are rare or adverse since individual trials often lack sufficient power to detect a treatment effect. However, when zero events are observed in one or both treatment arms in a trial, commonly used meta‐analysis methods can perform poorly. Continuity corrections (CCs), and numerical adjustments to the data to make computations feasible, have been proposed to ameliorate this issue. While the impact of various CCs on meta‐analyses with rare events has been explored, how this impact varies based on the choice of pooling method and heterogeneity variance estimator is not widely understood. We compare several correction methods via a simulation study with a variety of commonly used meta‐analysis methods. We consider how these method combinations impact important meta‐analysis results, such as the estimated overall treatment effect, 95% confidence interval coverage, and Type I error rate. We also provide a website application of these results to aid researchers in selecting meta‐analysis methods for rare‐event data sets. Overall, no one‐method combination can be consistently recommended, but some general trends are evident. For example, when there is no heterogeneity variance, we find that all pooling methods can perform well when paired with a specific correction method. Additionally, removing studies with zero events can work very well when there is no heterogeneity variance, while excluding single‐zero studies results in poorer method performance when there is non‐negligible heterogeneity variance and is not recommended.
Melatonin increased antioxidant capacity to ameliorate growth retardation and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in diquat‐challenged piglets
Authors: Zha Andong , Yan Jiameng , Li Junyao , Wang Jing , Qi Ming , Liao Peng , Chun Guo , Yin Yulong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiquat is a common environmental pollutant, which can cause oxidative stress in humans and animals. Diquat exposure causes growth retardation and intestinal damage. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effects of melatonin on diquat‐challenged piglets.RESULTSDietary supplementation with 2 mg kg−1 melatonin significantly increased the average daily gain and feed conversion rate in piglets. Melatonin increased antioxidant capacity, and improved intestinal epithelial barrier function of duodenum and jejunum in piglets. Moreover, melatonin was found to regulated the expression of immune and antioxidant‐related genes. Melatonin also alleviated diquat‐induced growth retardation and anorexia in diquat‐challenged piglets. It also increased antioxidant capacity, and ameliorated diquat‐induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury. Melatonin also regulated the expression of MnSOD and immuner‐elated genes in intestinal.CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation with 2 mg kg−1 melatonin increased antioxidant capacity to ameliorate diquat‐induced oxidative stress, alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier injury, and increase growth performance in weaned piglets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of cutting parameters on pitting corrosion resistance of S32760 duplex stainless steel
Authors: Yang Lin , Gong Fukang , Zhang Xiangyuan , Xia Jianqiu , Liu Xingyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo improve the performance in service of S32760 duplex stainless steel (DSS) in the marine environment, the influence of cutting parameters of S32760 DSS on the pitting corrosion resistance of the workpiece is studied. Cutting experiments are performed on S32760 DSS by varying the cutting parameters to investigate their effects on the surface morphology. The electrochemical experiments are conducted on the workpiece immersed in the 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution to investigate how the cutting parameters affect the pitting corrosion resistance of S32760 DSS. The results indicate that the pitting corrosion resistance is influenced by the cutting speed and feed rate, which in turn affects the surface roughness. The cutting depth does not have a significant impact on the surface roughness but significantly affects the pitting resistance. The recommended cutting parameters are as follows: feed rate of 0.1 mm/r, cutting speed of 130 m/min, and cutting depth of 0.4 mm.
The risk of miscarriage after COVID‐19 vaccination before and during pregnancy
Authors: de Feijter Maud , van Gelder Marleen M. H. J. , Vissers Lieke C. M. , Kant Agnes C. , Woestenberg Petra J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposePregnant women are at higher risk of severe illness and adverse pregnancy outcomes due to a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which can be prevented by vaccination. Observational studies are needed to ascertain the safety of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy. We aimed to determine whether COVID‐19 vaccination before and during pregnancy is associated with the risk of miscarriage.MethodsIn this cohort study, we included 4640 pregnant women (mean age: 32.8 ± 3.7 years) from the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register between February 2021 and August 2022. Information on COVID‐19 vaccinations, miscarriage, and confounders was self‐reported, using web‐based questionnaires. The hazard ratio (HR) of miscarriage (in gestational weeks 6–20) after a COVID‐19 vaccination, was estimated using the survival analyses. A COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy (≥1 COVID‐19 vaccination between week 2 and 20 of pregnancy) was included as a time‐dependent exposure and vaccination prior to pregnancy was included as a binary exposure.ResultsA total of 3202 pregnant women (69%) received ≥1 COVID‐19 vaccine in gestational week 2–20. We observed no association of vaccination during pregnancy with the risk of miscarriage (adjusted HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.93–1.74). Vaccination prior to pregnancy, however, was associated with a decreased risk of miscarriage (adjusted HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48–0.99).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of miscarriage in gestational weeks 6–20. This study adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the safety of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy.
Well‐defined difunctional POSS macromers and related organic–inorganic polymers: Precision synthesis, structure and properties
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Huaming , Zheng Sixun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are a class of well‐defined organic–inorganic stereo molecules comprising inorganic SiOSi cores and peripheral organic moieties. Since they were first reported in 1946 by Scott et al., there have been a great number of investigations on the use of POSS macromers as the building blocks to access the organic–inorganic composites with polymers. In most of cases, monofunctional POSS macromers are employed and the linear hybrid polymers are obtained. Under this circumstance, POSS cages act as the side or end groups whereas the main chains of the polymers remain unchanged. Occasionally, octafunctional POSS macromers are involved, resulting in the generation of crosslinked (or network‐like) hybrids. Recently, well‐defined difunctional POSS macromers have increasingly provoked a considerable attention of investigators. From the synthetic methodology of POSS macromers to the approaches to introduce them into polymers, difunctional POSS macromers have the features quite different from mono‐ (or octa‐) functional POSS. More importantly, the related organic–inorganic hybrids possess the different morphologies and properties. In the past years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of literatures on the studies on well‐defined difunctional POSS and the related organic–inorganic hybrids. Nonetheless, the related review is lacking. In this contribution, we would summarize the recent progress in this regard, from the synthesis of POSS macromers, the approaches of introducing the POSS macromers into polymers to the correlation of morphologies with properties of the organic–inorganic hybrids. In addition, perspectives and challenges for the further advancement are envisaged and discussed.
Soy protein isolate/MXene decorated acidified carbon paper interlayer for long‐cycling Li–S batteries
Authors: Chen Siying , Chen Dongdong , Yang Zhuohong , Liu Ju , Lin Jiamian , Xie Zhuang , Yang Yu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe terrible shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is a major obstacle for commercializing lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries as high‐performance energy storage systems. In this study, a carbon‐based interlayer with effective suppression capability on the shuttle effect is developed by simply coating a well‐dispersed mixture of soybean protein isolate/MXene onto the acidified carbon paper (ACP). The resultant composite interlayer (SM@ACP) is able to synergistically diminish the shuttle effect through chemical adsorption and physical blocking. Meanwhile, this interlayer displays excellent conductivity and facilitates the diffusion of Li ions due to the composite coating to promote both electron/ion conduction as well as the porous structure of ACP. Benefiting from the unique properties of the composite interlayer, the as‐assembled Li–S batteries with SM@ACP interlayers show a great improvement in the cycling stability and rate performance, delivering a very low‐capacity decay rate of 0.071% per cycle at 0.5 C even after 800 cycles. This work provides a feasible route to realize rational design and commercial mass production of desirable interlayers for promoting the commercialization of Li–S batteries.
Exploring the effect of region on diversity and composition of weed seedbanks in herbicide‐resistant crop systems in the United States
Authors: Ren Zhe , Gibson David J. , Gage Karla L. , Matthews Joseph L. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Jordan David L. , Shaw David R. , Weller Stephen C. , Wilson Robert G. , Young Bryan G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoil seedbanks have been recognized as one of the crucial components of agricultural ecosystems. However, studies on the shift in structure and biodiversity of soil seedbanks in herbicide‐resistant crop systems are limited, and a functional trait perspective of the soil seedbank is often overlooked.RESULTSA 6 years experiment was conducted to investigate the roles of region, crop system, and weed management strategy on species richness, functional trait diversity, and composition of the weed seedbank. Species richness was different across the interaction of region and crop system, while functional trait diversity only showed difference across regions. Species and functional trait compositions were affected by the interaction of region and crop system. Specifically, the compositional difference among crop systems was mainly determined by the significant heterogeneity of group dispersion.CONCLUSIONGrowers and practitioners should consider weed functional traits in developing lasting agricultural management strategies. Long‐term weed research should draw attention to the impact of transgenic crop systems and specific management tactics on weed dispersal, functional composition, and resistance evolution of weed species in such agroecosystems. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Determining precipitable water vapour from upper‐air temperature, pressure and geopotential height
Authors: Ferreira António P. , Gimeno Luis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRadiosonde measurements of relative humidity (RH) are the main source of uncertainty in precipitable water vapour (PWV) calculation from pressure, temperature, and RH/dewpoint (PTU) data. This paper presents a formula expressing PWV in terms of pressure and temperature as functions of geopotential height (GPH), thereby allowing the PWV to be determined: (1) without any moisture‐related calculations other than those involved in measuring GPH (in radiosondes with a pressor sensor) or pressure (otherwise); (2) without relying on humidity measurements by using Global Positioning System (GPS)‐based GPH according to the gravity field, provided that pressure is directly measured. The numerical instability associated with random data errors or deviations from hydrostatic equilibrium makes the second approach unfeasible on short time scales, revealing discrepancies between the PTU‐ and GPS‐based GPHs; however, the estimation of long‐term average PWV above a location is not hindered. The estimation of PWV without humidity data was tested using high‐resolution data from 62 upper‐air stations operated by the NOAA National Weather Service. The seasonal mean {DJF, MAM, JJA, SON} PWV from the surface to 300 hPa calculated from PT and GPS data over the period 2016–2018, after rejecting individual estimates inconsistent with the 0%–100% RH range, showed a mean bias error of {−0.1, +0.1, −1.4, −0.9} kg·m−2 relative to the PTU‐based values across the stations, and a RMSE ranging from 2.4 (DJF) to 3.2 (JJA) kg·m−2. By restricting the analysis to observations with above‐average matching between the PTU‐ and GPS‐based GPH, the bias magnitude and RMSE reduced respectively to less than 0.5 and 1 kg·m−2 in all seasons. The results indicate that evaluating the long‐term agreement between the two PWV calculation methods at different sites could be useful in detecting systematic observation errors in GPS radiosonde systems using a pressure sensor.
Exploring the potential of fluoro‐flavonoid derivatives as anti‐lung cancer agents: DFT, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics techniques
Authors: Esha Nusrat Jahan Ikbal , Quayum Syeda Tasnim , Saif Minhaz Zabin , Almatarneh Mansour H. , Rahman Shofiur , Alodhayb Abdullah , Poirier Raymond A. , Uddin Kabir M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present investigation utilized in silico methodologies to explore the diverse pharmacological activities, toxicity profiles, and chemical reactivity of a series of fluoro‐flavonoid compounds (1–14), which are secondary metabolites of plants known for their broad range of biological effects. A comprehensive strategy is utilized, incorporating methods such as prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) prediction, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) assessments, and density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations using three basis sets: 6‐31G(d,p), 6‐311G(d,p), and 6‐311++G(d,p). Furthermore, the study employed molecular docking technique to identify target proteins, including HER2 (7JXH), EGFR (4UV7), FPPS (1YQ7), HPGDS (1V40), DCK (1P60), and KEAP1 on Nrf2 (1X2J), for the investigated compounds, with cianidanol and genistein serving as reference drugs for the docking process. The investigated fluoro‐flavonoid compounds exhibited significantly greater binding affinities (ranging from −8.3 to −10.6 kcal mol−1) toward HER2, HPGDS, and KEAP1 compared to the reference drugs, cianidanol and genistein, which displayed binding affinities ranging from −8.4 to −9.4 kcal mol−1. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the stability of the protein‐ligand interaction, using the root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD), root‐mean‐square fluctuation (RMSF), Radius of gyration (Rg) parameters and principle component analysis (PCA). Among the tested fluoro‐flavonoid analogs, analog 11 showed a RMSD value of .15 nm with the HER2 protein target, indicating a stable interaction. Based on in silico results, it appears that the fluoro‐flavonoid compound 11 has the potential to serve as a targeted anti‐lung cancer drug. However, additional in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
On‐line chloride removal from ion chromatography for trace‐level analyses of phosphite and other anions by coupled ion chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Baidya Abu S. , Stüeken Eva E. 
Published: November 2023

RationaleIon chromatography (IC) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is an ideal tool for measuring low concentrations of anionic species such as phosphite; however, the high concentration of chloride and other anions in natural solutions may negatively impact chromatographic separation and data quality.MethodWe developed an on‐line mechanism of removing chloride from a sample within an ion chromatograph, using an additional valve and a separation column that transfers chloride to waste while phosphite and most other anions are retained. We installed this system in a coupled IC/ICPMS system (ICS6000 and Element 2 in medium‐resolution mode) and determined linearity and detection limits. In addition, we measured phosphorus species by NMR for comparison as an alternative method for phosphite determination.ResultsChloride was fully removed from the samples while phosphite was retained and could be analysed by IC/ICPMS. Concentrations could be measured down to 0.003 μmol/L and possibly less with good linearity over the explored range (up to 1.615 μmol/L; r2 = 0.999). In contrast, the detection limit by NMR was 6.46 μmol/L.ConclusionsThe on‐line removal mechanism works well for simplifying sample matrices. It removes the need for costly pre‐analytical sample treatment with OnGuard columns. We confirm that IC/ICPMS is the most powerful technique for quantifying phosphite in natural solutions. The new chloride‐removal method may also be applicable to analyses of other anions.
Iodine‐Promoted Synthesis of Cyanamides in Aqueous Media and Their Synthetic Application
Authors: Kumar Venkata Hema , Janardan Sannapaneni , Tamminana Ramana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe have established an effective one‐pot construction of arylcyanmides and o‐halo arylcyanamides under metal‐free conditions with water at room temperature. Here we have used molecular iodine as a desulfurizing agent. During our standardization study, we could find the desired product in good yields using surfactant (1 % TPGS‐750‐M) and additive (NaOH). Library of aryl isothiocyanates readily converted into their respective desired products 2 a–j in 90–97 % yields. Similarly, o‐halo arylisothiocyanates carried out the reaction to give their respective halo cyanamides in good yields. Further, tetrazole compounds have also been constructed from cyanamides through click‐reaction under moderate reaction conditions.
Mechanistic Evaluation of Benzoin Catalysis Enabled by Triazolium Salt Application in the Preparation of Benzil and Heterocycles
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Manikandan Chitrarasu , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Dandela Rambabu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA library of functionalized pyrrolidine‐based triazolium salts containing a BF4 counterions have been prepared from readily accessible 2‐pyrolidinone via one‐pot reaction protocol. By separating imine‐ether intermediates, a detailed mechanistic pathway has been investigated. Studied mechanistic investigation improved the synthetic process, resulting in higher yields for pyrrolidine‐based triazolium NHC structures and the large‐scale synthesis of chiral NHCs pre‐catalyst with free OH‐group. The presence of a hydroxyl functional group on the NHCs has the potential for further functionalization and for non‐covalent control over catalytic reactions in which the NHCs can serve as organocatalysts or donor ligands for organometallic catalysis. This benzoin catalytic system was investigated by testing different solvents and aldehydes, NHC‐catalysts loading and time variation effects to prepare a broad range of functionalized benzoin compounds with high yields. The highly reactive pyrrolidine‐based triazolium salts (TACF5) showed significant potential application of organocatalysts in benzoin condensation‐oxidation. EDG and EWG substituted α‐hydroxy ketone derivatives were directly converted to corresponding benzil scaffolds from an aldehyde through one‐pot reaction condition with MnO2 acting as an oxidating reagent in open‐air atmosphere. Selective heterocycles, quinoxaline, imidazole and pyrazine precursor were achieved from simple benzil under green conditions.
Deflecting Dendrites by Introducing Compressive Stress in Li7La3Zr2O12 Using Ion Implantation
Authors: Flatscher Florian , Todt Juraj , Burghammer Manfred , Søreide Hanne‐Sofie , Porz Lukas , Li Yanjun , Wenner Sigurd , Bobal Viktor , Ganschow Steffen , Sartory Bernhard , Brunner Roland , Hatzoglou Constantinos , Keckes Jozef , Rettenwander Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLithium dendrites belong to the key challenges of solid‐state battery research. They are unavoidable due to the imperfect nature of surfaces containing defects of a critical size that can be filled by lithium until fracturing the solid electrolyte. The penetration of Li metal occurs along the propagating crack until a short circuit takes place. It is hypothesized that ion implantation can be used to introduce stress states into Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 which enables an effective deflection and arrest of dendrites. The compositional and microstructural changes associated with the implantation of Ag‐ions are studied via atom probe tomography, electron microscopy, and nano X‐ray diffraction indicating that Ag‐ions can be implanted up to 1 µm deep and amorphization takes place down to 650–700 nm, in good agreement with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Based on diffraction results pronounced stress states up to −700 MPa are generated in the near‐surface region. Such a stress zone and the associated microstructural alterations exhibit the ability to not only deflect mechanically introduced cracks but also dendrites, as demonstrated by nano‐indentation and galvanostatic cycling experiments with subsequent electron microscopy observations. These results demonstrate ion implantation as a viable technique to design “dendrite‐free” solid‐state electrolytes for high‐power and energy‐dense solid‐state batteries.