bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of surgical intervention over conservative management in intertrochanteric fractures among nonagenarians and centenarians: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Guo Junfei , Xu Xin , Geng Qian , Wang Tao , Xu Ke , He Jinwen , Long Yubin , Zhang Qi , Jing Wensen , Li Zheng , Pan Ying , Xu Peng , Hou Zhiyong 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Optimal treatment strategy for nonagenarians and centenarians with hip fractures (NCHF) remained unknown. We aimed to compare the outcomes of surgical and conservative management in NCHF.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted based on CPMHF database with NCHF patients hospitalized during 2014–2020. Comorbidities were evaluated by mECM score and restricted cubic spline was utilized to visually assess the dose-effect relationship between the mECM and outcomes. Propensity score matching was performed to balance baseline characteristics between non-surgical and surgical groups. Multivariate logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard analysis, and survival analysis were employed for unfavorable outcomes (UFO) evaluation. Competing risk of death were analyzed based on Fine and Gray’s hazard model and then constructed nomogram models for predicting survival rates. Subgroup analyses were used to determine potential population heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were performed to test robustness of the results.

Results:
We found increasing trends for UFO with the increase in the mECM score, and that high mECM score (HMS, ≥3) was independently associated with a 2.42-fold (95%CI, 2.07-3.54; P=0.024) increased risk of UFO, which remained significant after considering the competing role of death and were more pronounced in non-surgical treatment, women, no insurance, and patients with spouse (all P for interaction<0.05). Surgical intervention was identified to be significant protective factors for UFO (RR, 0.59; 95%CI, 0.46-0.75; P<0.001) and severe complications (RR, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.41-0.96; P=0.033) after PSM, as well as survival (HR, 0.40, 95%CI, 0.28-0.58; P<0.001), which remained significant after considering the competing role of death and in all sensitivity analyses and were more pronounced in HMS participants (P for interaction=0.006). Subgroup analyses revealed surgical patients with HMS had a significantly higher UFO rate (excluding death, P<0.001) while non-surgical patients with HMS had higher mortality rate as compared to the others (P=0.005).

Conclusion:
Surgical treatment for NCHF yields better outcomes compared to conservative treatment.
Novel 3D morphological characteristics for congenital biliary dilatation diagnosis: A case-control study
Authors: Dou Jiaqi , Jiang Nan , Zeng Jianping , Wang Siyuan , Tian Song , Shan Siqiao , Li Yuze , Xu Ziming , Lin Xiaoqi , Jin Shuo , Dong Jiahong , Chen Huijun 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) necessitates the timely removal of dilated bile ducts. Accurate differentiation between CBD and secondary biliary dilatation (SBD) is crucial for treatment decisions, and identification of CBD with intrahepatic involvement is vital for surgical planning and supportive care. This study aimed to develop quantitative models based on bile duct morphology to distinguish CBD from SBD and further identify CBD with intrahepatic involvement.

Materials and Methods:
The retrospective study included 131 CBD and 209 SBD patients between December 2014 and December 2021 for model development, internal validation and testing. A separate cohort of 15 CBD and 34 SBD patients between January 2022 and December 2022 was recruited for temporally-independent validation. Quantitative shape-based (Shape) and diameter-based (Diam) morphological characteristics of bile ducts were extracted to build a CBD diagnosis model to distinguish CBD from SBD and an intrahepatic involvement identification model to classify CBD with/without intrahepatic involvement. The diagnostic performance of the models was compared with that of experienced hepatobiliary surgeons.

Results:
The CBD diagnosis model using clinical, Shape, and Diam characteristics showed good performance with an AUROC of 0.942 [95% CI: 0.890-0.994], AUPRC of 0.917 [0.855-0.979], accuracy of 0.891, sensitivity of 0.950 and F1-score of 0.864. The model outperformed two experienced surgeons in accuracy, sensitivity, and F1-score. The intrahepatic involvement identification model using clinical, Shape, and Diam characteristics yielded outstanding performance with an AUROC of 0.944 [0.879-1.000], AUPRC of 0.982 [0.947-1.000], accuracy of 0.932, sensitivity of 0.971 and F1-score of 0.957. The models demonstrated generalizable performance on the temporally-independent validation cohort.

Conclusions:
This study developed two robust quantitative models for distinguishing CBD from SBD and identifying CBD with intrahepatic involvement, respectively, based on morphological characteristics of the bile ducts, showing great potential in risk stratification and surgical planning of CBD.
Prone Split-Leg vs Galdakao-Modified Supine Valdivia Position During Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery: A Noninferiority Design Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sugino Teruaki , Hamamoto Shuzo , Taguchi Kazumi , Inoue Takaaki , Okada Shinsuke , Yanase Takahiro , Sue Yasuhito , Kawase Kengo , Unno Rei , Ando Ryosuke , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) combines percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy. This procedure has become common with the development of the prone split-leg (PRO) and Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia (GMSV) positions. In this study, we evaluated the surgical outcomes of these positions during ECIRS.

Materials and Methods:
A noninferior randomized controlled trial was performed in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. The eligibility criteria were age 20 to 80 years and presence of > 15-mm renal and/or ureteral stones. They were assigned to the PRO or GMSV groups and underwent ECIRS in the PRO or GMSV position, respectively. The primary outcome was stone-free rate (SFR) 3 months after surgery. The secondary outcomes were surgical outcomes—surgery time, percutaneous access time, and complication rate. A noninferiority margin of 30% was used.

Results:
Eighty-six patients (46 in the PRO group and 43 in the GMSV group) were analyzed. The SFR was 91.3% and 90.7% in the PRO and GMSV groups, respectively. No between-group differences were observed regarding the overall complication rates. Percutaneous access time was longer in the PRO group than in the GMSV group for upper calyx punctures, whereas surgery and percutaneous access times were shorter in the PRO group for those with a middle calyx puncture.

Conclusions:
Surgical position did not affect the success rates. There was no difference in complications between the groups, except for perinephric hematoma formation.
Sonographic Findings of Abdominal Wall Endometriosis in Persistent Abdominal Wall Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Machač Stanislav , Hanušová Šárka , Hroncová Michaela , Drahonovský Jan 
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Background:
Endometriosis is considered a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of debilitating pain, most often in the pelvic area. In rare cases, endometriosis can develop through iatrogenic implantation of endometrial cells/fragments into a scar area during the cesarean delivery.

Case Description:
A case of a 32-year-old female patient who underwent physical therapy for abdominal muscle pain with occasional irradiation of pain to the sacral region is presented. The pain developed soon after a cesarean delivery, which was performed 3 years ago.

Outcomes:
Palpation performed at the initial examination and after removal of the lesions showed a significant reduction in tone at the site of the lesions and a reduction in palpation pain. The objective primary tools and specific outcome measures used in this case were musculoskeletal sonography and a patient questionnaire (36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]). Abdominal wall lesions were found to be 34 × 13 × 40 mm and 30 × 15 × 22 mm in size and were surgically removed by a specialized surgeon with histological confirmation of endometriosis. The SF-36 scores considerably improved in all domains following removal of the lesions compared with the condition at the initial examination.

Discussion:
The presented case is an example of the musculoskeletal sonography evaluation following palpation of the abdominal wall in women after a cesarean delivery. The described sonographic examination performed by a physical therapist can be part of a comprehensive assessment of scar healing, diastasis, and the ability to activate the abdominal muscles during postpartum rehabilitation.

Informed Consent:
The patient signed informed consent, in which she agreed to the anonymous publication of her case.
A supplemental video abstract available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vd87WB8ZQd0&t=16s
Celebrating Magnet® Nursing Excellence—Meet the Recipients of the 2023 National Magnet Nurse of the Year® Awards and ANCC Magnet Prize®
Authors: Curto Christine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This month's Magnet® Perspectives column spotlights the recipients of the 2023 American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Magnet Program® National Magnet Nurse of the Year® (MNOY) awards and the ANCC Magnet Prize®, sponsored by Press Ganey, recognized during the colocated ANCC National Magnet Conference® and the ANCC Pathway to Excellence Conference® in Chicago, Illinois, October 12 to 14, 2023. The MNOY awards recognize 5 clinical nurses in Magnet designated organizations who demonstrate outstanding contributions in innovation, consultation, leadership, and professional risk taking. The ANCC Magnet Prize, sponsored by Press Ganey, recognizes a Magnet organization whose nursing team spearheaded exemplary achievements including initiative(s) in healthcare delivery and research leading to innovations in patient care services. Press Ganey sponsors the Magnet Prize by providing a $125 000 purse to further develop and advance its innovative program/project.
Neurological Diagnosis
Authors: Finelli Pasquale F. 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Artificial intelligence has recently become available for widespread use in medicine, including the interpretation of digitized information, big data for tracking disease trends and patterns, and clinical diagnosis. Comparative studies and expert opinion support the validity of imaging and data analysis, yet similar validation is lacking in clinical diagnosis. Artificial intelligence programs are here compared with a diagnostic generator program in clinical neurology.

Methods:
Using 4 nonrandomly selected case records from New England Journal of Medicine clinicopathologic conferences from 2017 to 2022, 2 artificial intelligence programs (ChatGPT-4 and GLASS AI) were compared with a neurological diagnostic generator program (NeurologicDx.com) for diagnostic capability and accuracy and source authentication.

Results:
Compared with NeurologicDx.com, the 2 AI programs showed results varying with order of key term entry and with repeat querying. The diagnostic generator yielded more differential diagnostic entities, with correct diagnoses in 4 of 4 test cases versus 0 of 4 for ChatGPT-4 and 1 of 4 for GLASS AI, respectively, and with authentication of diagnostic entities compared with the AI programs.

Conclusions:
The diagnostic generator NeurologicDx yielded a more robust and reproducible differential diagnostic list with higher diagnostic accuracy and associated authentication compared with artificial intelligence programs.
Extracranial Meningioma-Pelvic Bone on FDG PET/CT: A Rare of the Rarest Site
Authors: Jain Tarun Kumar , Bohra Mansha , Punia Anushree , Vijay Maneesh Kumar , Malhotra Hemant 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Meningiomas are benign extra-axial tumors of the central nervous system. Extracranial meningiomas are extremely rare (2%) and can develop as a direct extension from a primary intracranial meningioma or as a true primary extracranial meningioma originating from ectopic arachnoid cells. We report an extremely unusual case of a 61-year-old woman who was diagnosed with pelvic meningioma with the help of PET/CT and PET/CT-guided biopsy. The clinicopathological features of the patient and immunoprofile of the tumor are presented.
Do Children With Osteosarcoma Benefit From Pulmonary Metastasectomy?
Authors: Boam Tristan , Rogoyski Bethan G. , Jawaid Wajid , Losty Paul D. 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To critically examine the evidence-base for survival benefit of pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for osteosarcoma (OS) in the pediatric population.

Background:
PM for OS is recommended as the standard of care in both pediatric and adult treatment protocols. Recent results from the “Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer” trial demonstrate no survival benefit from PM in colorectal cancer in adults.

Methods:
A systematic review was undertaken according to “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis” guidelines. Medline, Embase, and 2 clinical trial registers were searched for all studies detailing pediatric patients with OS (<18 years) undergoing PM with a comparison cohort group that did not receive PM.

Results:
Eleven studies met inclusion criteria dating from 1984 to 2017. All studies were retrospective and none directly compared PM versus no PM in pediatric patients as its main objective(s). Three-year survival rates ranged from 0% to 54% for PM and 0% to 16% for no PM. No patients receiving PM were usually those with unresectable disease and/or considered to have a poor prognosis. All studies were at high risk of bias and there was marked heterogeneity in the patient selection.

Conclusions:
There is a weak evidence base (level IV) for a survival benefit of PM for OS in pediatric patients likely due to selection bias of “favorable cases.” The included studies many of which detailed outdated treatment protocols were not designed in their reporting to specifically address the questions directly. A randomized controlled trial—while ethically challenging in a pediatric population—incorporating modern OS chemotherapy protocols is needed to crucially address any “survival benefit.”
Technical Aspects of Eliciting Trigeminocervical and Trigeminospinal Reflexes in Humans: A Scoping Review
Authors: Melo Denise Lima Medeiros de , Comerlato Enio Alberto , Pinheiro Denise Spinola , Manzano Gilberto Mastrocola 
Published: February 2024

Summary:
This scoping review aims to summarize the technical strategies for obtaining trigeminocervical reflex (TCR) and trigeminospinal reflex (TSR) responses. Studies published on TCR or TSR elicitation in humans through electrical stimulation of trigeminal nerve branches were eligible for this scoping review. The data of interest included stimulation parameters, site of stimulation, recording parameters, and the feasibility of TCR and TSR elicitation, in healthy participants. Short-latency TCR responses were regularly obtained in both anterior and posterior neck muscles after electrical stimulation of the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves under voluntary muscle activation. However, without voluntary muscle activation, we found evidence of elicitation of short-latency TCR components only in the posterior neck muscles after supraorbital or infraorbital nerve stimulation. Long-latency TCR responses were regularly obtained in the anterior and posterior neck muscles in studies that evaluated this technique, regardless of the trigeminal branch stimulation or muscle activation status. Short-latency TSR components were not obtained in the included studies, whereas long-latency TSR responses were regularly recorded in proximal upper limb muscles. This scoping review revealed key heterogeneity in the techniques used for TCR and TSR elicitation. By summarizing all the methodological procedures used for TCR and TSR elicitation, this scoping review can guide researchers in defining optimized technical approaches for different research and clinical scenarios.
Real-Time Seizure Detection Using Behind-the-Ear Wearable System
Authors: Lehnen Jamie , Venkatesh Pooja , Yao Zhuoran , Aziz Abdul , Nguyen Phuc V.P. , Harvey Jay , Alick-Lindstrom Sasha , Doyle Alex , Podkorytova Irina , Perven Ghazala , Hays Ryan , Zepeda Rodrigo , Das Rohit R. , Ding Kan 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
This study examines the usability and comfort of a behind-the-ear seizure detection device called brain seizure detection (BrainSD) that captures ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) data using four scalp electrodes.

Methods:
This is a feasibility study. Thirty-two patients admitted to a level 4 Epilepsy Monitoring Unit were enrolled. The subjects wore BrainSD and the standard 21-channel video-EEG simultaneously. Epileptologists analyzed the EEG signals collected by BrainSD and validated it using video-EEG data to confirm its accuracy. A poststudy survey was completed by each participant to evaluate the comfort and usability of the device. In addition, a focus group of UT Southwestern epileptologists was held to discuss the features they would like to see in a home EEG-based seizure detection device such as BrainSD.

Results:
In total, BrainSD captured 11 of the 14 seizures that occurred while the device was being worn. All 11 seizures captured on BrainSD had focal onset, with three becoming bilateral tonic-clonic and one seizure being of subclinical status. The device was worn for an average of 41 hours. The poststudy survey showed that most users found the device comfortable, easy-to-use, and stated they would be interested in using BrainSD. Epileptologists in the focus group expressed a similar interest in BrainSD.

Conclusions:
Brain seizure detection is able to detect EEG signals using four behind-the-ear electrodes. Its comfort, ease-of-use, and ability to detect numerous types of seizures make BrainSD an acceptable at-home EEG detection device from both the patient and provider perspective.
A genome-wide arrayed CRISPR screen identifies PLSCR1 as an intrinsic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 entry that recent virus variants have evolved to resist
Authors: Le Pen Jérémie , Paniccia Gabrielle , Kinast Volker , Moncada-Velez Marcela , Ashbrook Alison W. , Bauer Michael , Hoffmann H.-Heinrich , Pinharanda Ana , Ricardo-Lax Inna , Stenzel Ansgar F. , Rosado-Olivieri Edwin A. , Dinnon Kenneth H. , Doyle William C. , Freije Catherine A. , Hong Seon-Hui , Lee Danyel , Lewy Tyler , Luna Joseph M. , Peace Avery , Schmidt Carltin , Schneider William M. , Winkler Roni , Yip Elaine Z. , Larson Chloe , McGinn Timothy , Menezes Miriam-Rose , Ramos-Espiritu Lavoisier , Banerjee Priyam , Poirier John T. , Sànchez-Rivera Francisco J. , Cobat Aurélie , Zhang Qian , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Carroll Thomas S. , Glickman J. Fraser , Michailidis Eleftherios , Razooky Brandon , MacDonald Margaret R. , Rice Charles M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in the regulation and evolution of host-virus interactions. Here, we conducted a genome-wide arrayed CRISPR knockout screen in the presence and absence of IFN to identify human genes that influence SARS-CoV-2 infection. We then performed an integrated analysis of genes interacting with SARS-CoV-2, drawing from a selection of 67 large-scale studies, including our own. We identified 28 genes of high relevance in both human genetic studies of COVID-19 patients and functional genetic screens in cell culture, with many related to the IFN pathway. Among these was the IFN-stimulated genePLSCR1. PLSCR1 did not require IFN induction to restrict SARS-CoV-2 and did not contribute to IFN signaling. Instead, PLSCR1 specifically restricted spike-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry. The PLSCR1-mediated restriction was alleviated by TMPRSS2 over-expression, suggesting that PLSCR1 primarily restricts the endocytic entry route. In addition, recent SARS-CoV-2 variants have adapted to circumvent the PLSCR1 barrier via currently undetermined mechanisms. Finally, we investigate the functional effects of PLSCR1 variants present in humans and discuss an association between PLSCR1 and severe COVID-19 reported recently.
tRNA hypomodification facilitates 5-fluorocytosine resistance via cross-pathway control system activation inAspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Bruch Alexander , Lazarova Valentina , Berg Maximilian , Krüger Thomas , Schäuble Sascha , Kelani Abdulrahman A. , Mertens Birte , Lehenberger Pamela , Kniemeyer Olaf , Kaiser Stefanie , Panagiotou Gianni , Gsaller Fabio , Blango Matthew G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing antifungal drug resistance is a major concern associated with human fungal pathogens likeAspergillus fumigatus. Genetic mutation and epimutation mechanisms clearly drive resistance, yet the epitranscriptome remains relatively untested. Here, deletion of theA. fumigatustRNA-modifying isopentenyl transferase ortholog, Mod5, led to altered stress response and unexpected resistance against the antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). After confirming the canonical isopentenylation activity of Mod5 by LC-MS/MS and Nano-tRNAseq, we performed simultaneous profiling of transcriptomes and proteomes to reveal a comparable overall response to 5-FC stress; however, a premature activation of cross-pathway control (CPC) genes in the knockout was further increased after antifungal treatment. We identified several orthologues of theA. nidulansMajor Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporternmeAas specific CPC-client genes inA. fumigatus. Overexpression of Mod5-target tRNATyrGΨAin the Δmod5strain rescued select phenotypes but failed to reverse 5-FC resistance, whereas deletion ofnmeAlargely, but incompletely, reverted the resistance phenotype, implying additional relevant exporters. In conclusion, 5-FC resistance in the absence of Mod5 and i6A likely originates from multifaceted transcriptional and translational changes that skew the fungus towards premature CPC-dependent activation of antifungal toxic-intermediate exporternmeA, offering a potential mechanism reliant on RNA modification to facilitate transient antifungal resistance.
Rydberg-atom-based single-photon detection for haloscope axion searches
Authors: Graham Eleanor , Ghosh Sumita , Zhu Yuqi , Bai Xiran , Cahn Sidney B. , Durcan Elsa , Jewell Michael J. , Speller Danielle H. , Zacarias Sabrina M. , Zhou Laura T. , Maruyama Reina H. 
Published: February 2024

We propose a Rydberg-atom-based single-photon detector for signal readout in dark matter haloscope experiments between 40  μeV and 200  μeV (10 GHz and 50 GHz). At these frequencies, standard haloscope readout using linear amplifiers is limited by quantum measurement noise, which can be avoided by using a single-photon detector. Our single-photon detection scheme can offer scan rate enhancements up to a factor of 104 over traditional linear amplifier readout, and is compatible with many different haloscope cavities. We identify multiple haloscope designs that could use our Rydberg-atom-based single-photon detector to search for QCD axions with masses above 40  μeV (10 GHz), currently a minimally explored parameter space.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024