bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of GFAP gene mutation in hereditary adult‐onset Alexander's disease
Authors: Namekawa Michito , Takiyama Yoshihisa , Aoki Yoko , Takayashiki Norio , Sakoe Kumi , Shimazaki Haruo , Taguchi Tomohiro , Tanaka Yasufumi , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Saito Ken , Matsubara Yoichi , Nakano Imaharu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAlexander's disease, a leukodystrophy characterized by Rosenthal fibers (RFs) in the brain, is categorized into three subtypes: infantile, juvenile, and adult. Although most are sporadic, occasional familial Alexander's disease cases have been reported for each subtype. Hereditary adult‐onset Alexander's disease shows progressive spastic paresis, bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy, palatal myoclonus symptomatologically, and prominent atrophy of the medulla oblongata and upper spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging. Recent identification of GFAP gene mutations in the sporadic infantile‐ and juvenile‐onset Alexander's disease prompted us to examine the GFAP gene in two Japanese hereditary adult‐onset Alexander's disease brothers with autopsy in one case. Both had spastic paresis without palatal myoclonus, and magnetic resonance imaging showed marked atrophy of the medulla oblongata and cervicothoracic cord. The autopsy showed severely involved shrunken pyramids, but scarce Rosenthal fibers (RFs). Moderate numbers of Rosenthal fibers (RFs) were observed in the stratum subcallosum and hippocampal fimbria. In both cases, we found a novel missense mutation of a G‐to‐T transition at nucleotide 841 in the GFAP gene that results in the substitution of arginine for leucine at amino acid residue 276 (R276L). This is the first report of identification of the causative mutation of the GFAP gene for neuropathologically proven hereditary adult‐onset Alexander's disease, suggesting a common molecular mechanism underlies the three Alexander's disease subtypes.
Focal laminar cortical MR signal abnormalities after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Dreier Jens P. , Sakowitz Oliver W. , Harder Anja , Zimmer Claus , Dirnagl Ulrich , Valdueza José M. , Unterberg Andreas W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn the autopsy studies of patients with delayed ischemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage, a predominance of cortical lesions has been observed. Similar to the autopsy descriptions in the literature, we present magnetic resonance images visualizing focal laminar cortical lesions around a fissure or sulcus in two patients, who initially did not undergo surgery, with delayed ischemic neurological deficits. This magnetic resonance imaging pattern may provide a clue to the diagnosis if the patient does not present to the emergency room with the acute hemorrhage but with delayed ischemic neurological deficits.
Electrorheological effects of polyaniline‐type electrorheological fluids
Authors: Zhang Liucheng , Su Kai , Li Xiucuo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThree kinds of particles—polyaniline (PANI), poly(o‐toludine) (POT), and brominated polyaniline (Br‐PANI)—were synthesized. With chlorinated paraffin as a disperse oil, their electrorheological (ER) effects were determined so that the influence of the phenyl substitute group on the ER effects could be considered. POT exhibited the strongest ER effect, whereas the Br‐PANI ER effect was relatively poor. With the concept of polarization, this phenomenon was interpreted. The influence of the antidoping condition on the ER effects was also examined. An optimal antidoping condition was found for each kind of particle. Composite PANI/polyacrylamide (PAAm) and PANI/lithium polyacrylate (PAA‐Li) particles were further prepared by emulsion polymerization. The testing results showed that the composite particles with certain amounts of PAAm or PAA‐Li exhibited good ER effects. The dielectric and conductive behaviors were also determined so that the results could be explained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 733–740, 2003
Studies on morphology and mechanical properties of PP/HIPS blends from postconsumer plastic waste
Authors: Santana Ruth M. Campomanes , Manrich Sati 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the compatibilizing effect of the triblock copolymer poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐b‐styrene) (SEBS) on the morphology and mechanical properties of virgin and recycled polypropylene/high‐impact polystyrene (PP/HIPS) blends. The components of the blend were obtained from municipal plastics waste (MPW), with the PP obtained from blue mineral water bottles, symbolized as PPb, and the HIPS from disposable cups. These materials were preground, washed only with water, dried with hot air, and ground again (PPb) or agglutinated (HIPS). Blends of PPb and HIPS in three weight ratios (6:1, 6:2, and 6:3) were prepared, and three concentrations of SEBS (5.0, 6.0, and 6.7% w/w) were used for investigations of its compatibilizing effect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that SEBS reduced the diameter of HIPS dispersed particles that were globular and fibril shaped, along with improving the adhesion between the dispersed phase and the matrix. On the other hand, SEBS interactions with PPb and HIPS influenced the mechanical properties of the compatibilized PPb/HIPS/SEBS blends. The optimal concentration of SEBS was 5 wt % for application to composite films with similar characteristics to synthetic paper. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 747–751, 2003
Dielectric behavior of PVDF/POMA blends that have a low doped POMA content
Authors: Gregorio Rinaldo , Malmonge Luiz Francisco , Ferreira Guilherme Fontes Leal , Dos Santos Wilson Nunes , Mattoso Luiz Henrique Capparelli 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) components of the complex permittivity of blends of PVDF [poly(vinylidene fluoride)] with POMA [poly(o‐methoxyaniline)] doped with toluenosulfonic acid (TSA) containing 1, 2.5, and 5 wt % POMA–TSA were determined in the frequency interval between 102 and 3 × 106 Hz and in the temperature range from −120 up to 120°C. It was observed that the values of ε′ and ε″ had a greater increase with the POMA–TSA content and with a temperature in the region of frequencies below 10 kHz. This effect decreased with frequency and it was attributed to interfacial polarization. This polarization was caused by the blend heterogeneity, formed by conductive POMA–TSA agglomerates dispersed in an insulating matrix of PVDF. The equation of Maxwell–Garnett, modified by Cohen, was used to evaluate the permittivity and conductivity behavior of POMA–TSA in the blends. A strong decrease was observed in POMA–TSA conductivity in the blend, which was bigger the lower the POMA–TSA content in the blend. This decrease could have been caused either by the POMA dedoping during the blend preparation process or by its dispersion into the insulating matrix. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 752–758, 2003
Visualization of surface and subsurface morphology: The effect of processing on a rubber‐modified thermoplastic
Authors: Edwards S. A. , Roy Choudhury N. , Provatas M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn typical injection‐molding processes, variation in the quality of the surface finish is often encountered. To understand the mechanism of common surface defect formation, we investigated the effect of processing parameters on the morphological features of a commercially supplied polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate rubber‐modified thermoplastic blend. A compositional analysis of the material was performed with thermogravimetric analysis. Acid and alkaline etching, in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy, was used to characterize the effect of various injection times, packing pressures, and material temperatures on the morphology of processed parts. Chemical etching revealed that the injection molding had a large influence on the morphology of the thermoplastic, particularly on the surface, where preferential phase segregation produced a highly oriented polycarbonate skin layer. The degree of molecular orientation on the surfaces of molded parts had a significant effect on the efficiency of both the acid‐ and alkaline‐etching techniques. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 774–786, 2003
Ionic elastomers based on carboxylated nitrile rubber and calcium oxide
Authors: Ibarra L. , Alzorriz M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe properties of carboxylated nitrile rubber crosslinked through ionic crosslinks with calcium oxide (CaO) have been studied at two reaction temperatures (100 and 150°C). These properties increase with the CaO content to reach an optimum level, after which they tend to drop again as the level of CaO increases further. The changes in the properties are directly proportional to the amount of carboxylate formed. At any CaO content, a rise in the temperature and the corresponding reduction in the reaction time have a favorable effect on the properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 805–813, 2003
Modeling the oxidative degradation of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene
Authors: Medhekar Vinay , Thompson Robert W. , Wang Aiguo , McGimpsey W. Grant 
Published: December 2002

AbstractUnderstanding the sequence of reactions that occur in ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) following 60Co γ irradiation has been the focus of numerous experimental studies. In the study reported here, we have incorporated recent experimental findings into a mathematical model for UHMWPE oxidation. Simulation results for shelf aging and accelerated aging are presented. It is shown that very reasonable simulations of shelf‐aging and accelerated‐aging data can be obtained. It is also shown that simulations of shelf aging in reduced oxygen environments predict that the subsurface peaks of ketones will be shifted to the exterior surface. In vivo aging can be simulated if we assume that the oxygen level in the synovial fluid is about one‐eighth that of atmospheric levels. Some reduced irradiation doses are predicted to significantly reduce the ketone formation for shelf‐aging periods of up to 10 years. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 814–826, 2003
Employment of persons with disabilities in information technology jobs: literature review for “IT works”
Authors: Schartz Kevin , Schartz Helen A. , Blanck Peter 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis article reviews relevant literature as to the labor pool of qualified individuals with disabilities and employment in information technology (IT) sector jobs. First, the article reviews the empirical literature on barriers to employment in IT for persons with disabilities. The examination then is extended to studies of barriers to employment for individuals with disabilities in other employment sectors. Findings illustrate the limited experiences that IT and non‐IT companies have in employing and accommodating employees with disabilities. Implications are discussed for enhancing the employment of qualified workers with disabilities in IT through research, education, training, and mentoring programs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applicability of the ADA to “Ticket to Work” employment networks
Authors: Blanck Peter , Clay Lisa , Schmeling James , Morris Michael , Ritchie Heather 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis article examines the applicability of the antidiscrimination provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 to The Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act (TWWIIA) passed in 1999. Among other policy changes, under the Ticket to Work program, eligible recipients of disability insurance (SSDI) and supplemental income (SSI) receive a voucher or “ticket” to obtain services from qualified employment networks (ENs). ENs provide employment services and supports to designated beneficiaries and must meet certain qualification requirements. The ADA is applicable to ENs in several ways: primarily, in the EN's responsibility to provide appropriate access and services to program participants. This article discusses application of the ADA to the Ticket Program as ENs begin to serve program beneficiaries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Violence against women: is psychology part of the problem or the solution? A content analysis of psychological research from 1990 through 1999
Authors: Salazar Laura F. , Cook Sarah L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPrevious critiques of traditional psychology portrayed a discipline that examines social problems from an exceptionalistic perspective and decontextualizes the subjects of its inquiries. We analysed 10 years of psychological research on domestic violence, sexual assault, and sexual harassment to determine whether this criticism applied to violence against women research. Specifically, we examined the purpose, level of analysis, sample, and context of 1396 PsychLit abstracts. We found that almost half reported an examination of causal factors. Only one quarter reported intervention studies. Most studies focused at the individual level of analysis and few included contextual factors. Investigators explored questions about domestic violence most frequently among samples of victims and perpetrators drawn from clinical settings. Sexual assault and sexual harassment researchers depended on victims and perpetrators to a lesser extent, but tended to rely upon convenience samples from college settings. Representative community samples were used in only 9% of studies. These findings support the view that psychological research on violence against women suffers from a heavy emphasis on exceptionalism at the expense of a universalistic perspective, the latter of which we contend is critical to advancing the field and reducing a major threat to women's health and wellbeing. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xath5 regulates neurogenesis in the Xenopus olfactory placode
Authors: Burns Carole J. , Vetter Monica L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractHelix‐loop‐helix (HLH) genes function as important regulators of neurogenesis in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The olfactory system is an ideal tissue in which to study the role of these genes in regulating the acquisition of neuronal cell fate, particularly that of the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN). Here we describe the expression of several basic HLH (bHLH) and repeat HLH (rHLH) factors during olfactory placode development in Xenopus laevis. Our work reveals that a combination of both bHLH and rHLH genes are sequentially expressed within the nascent olfactory placode during normal development. Moreover, overexpression of the bHLH factor, Xenopus atonal homologue 5 (Xath5), promotes olfactory neural fate independent of cellular proliferation within a restricted domain at the anterior of the embryo. Collectively, our data argue that HLH genes are expressed in a cascade during olfactory placode development and that the activity of an atonal homologue, Xath5, can promote ORN fate but only in the appropriate developmental context. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Brachyury during development of the dendrobatid frog Colostethus machalilla
Authors: Benítez María‐Soledad , Del Pino Eugenia M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe expression of Brachyury (Bra) during development of Colostethus machalilla was analyzed with a polyclonal antibody. The observed molecular mass of Bra was of 48 kDa, as in Xenopus laevis. During cleavage, low levels of Bra were expressed. In contrast, in the blastula Bra became up‐regulated, and Bra protein was present in a wide ring of surface cells. The surface expression of Bra disappeared in the gastrula, and a new ring of Bra‐positive nuclei was detected in deep cells around the closing blastopore. The C. machalilla external and internal rings of Bra‐positive nuclei apparently mark the prospective mesoderm in the blastula and gastrula, respectively. The two Bra expression rings were dissociated in time in the fairly slow developing embryos of this frog. Brachyury expression in the notochord became visible only after the blastopore closed, in contrast with X. laevis. In addition, Bra expression in the notochord indicated that dorsal convergence and extension occurred after blastopore closure. The C. machalilla Bra‐positive notochord was originally exposed on the gastrocoel roof, in agreement with a superficial component of the prospective mesoderm. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of microglia: A neuroinflammatory role for CAP37
Authors: Pereira H. Anne , Ruan Xin , Kumar Padmasini 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that inflammation and immune function in the central nervous system (CNS) may play a considerable role in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that microglia, the CNS equivalent of peripheral blood monocytes, may be instrumental in causing neurotoxicity. However, the mediator(s) that activates microglia to produce toxic substances that orchestrate cell death has yet to be elucidated. We have identified a novel inflammatory molecule, cationic antimicrobial protein of molecular weight 37 kDa (CAP37), to the brains of patients dying from Alzheimer's disease. CAP37 is known to be a potent activator and regulator of monocyte function in the systemic circulation. We hypothesize that CAP37, a mediator previously shown to recruit and activate monocytes in the systemic circulation, may also play a role in CNS inflammation by modulating microglial function. Here we demonstrate that CAP37 is a chemoattractant for microglia and that CAP37‐treated microglia express class II major histocompatibility antigens and produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We conclude that CAP37 has the ability to activate microglial cells and suggest that it has the potential to serve as a neuroinflammatory molecule. GLIA 41:64–72, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of enteric glial cells in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Cabarrocas Julie , Savidge Tor C. , Liblau Roland S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEnteric glial cells (EGCs) represent an extensive but relatively poorly described cell population within the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating data suggest that EGCs represent the morphological and functional equivalent of CNS astrocytes within the enteric nervous system (ENS). The EGC network has trophic and protective functions toward enteric neurons and is fully implicated in the integration and the modulation of neuronal activities. Moreover, EGCs seem to be active elements of the ENS during intestinal inflammatory and immune responses, sharing with astrocytes the ability to act as antigen‐presenting cells and interacting with the mucosal immune system via the expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors. Transgenic mouse systems have demonstrated that specific ablation of EGC by chemical ablation or autoimmune T‐cell targeting induces an intestinal pathology that shows similarities to the early intestinal immunopathology of Crohn's disease. EGCs may also share with astrocytes the ability to regulate tissue integrity, thereby postulating that similar interactions to those observed for the blood‐brain barrier may also be partly responsible for regulating mucosal and vascular permeability in the gastrointestinal tract. Disruption of the EGC network in Crohn's disease patients may represent one possible cause for the enhanced mucosal permeability state and vascular dysfunction that are thought to favor mucosal inflammation. GLIA 41:81–93, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of a β1 integrin signaling complex in Schwann cells is independent of rho
Authors: Taylor Anna R. , Geden Sandra E. , Fernandez‐Valle Cristina 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSchwann cell adhesion to basal lamina is essential for peripheral nerve development. β1 integrin receptors for extracellular matrix cooperate with other receptors to transmit signals that coordinate cell cycle progression and initiation of differentiation, including myelin‐specific gene expression. In Schwann cell/sensory neuron cocultures, β1 integrins complex with focal adhesion kinase (FAK), fyn kinase, paxillin, and schwannomin in response to basal lamina adhesion. To study the assembly of this signaling complex in Schwann cells (SCs), we induced β1 integrin clustering on suspended cells using an immobilized antibody and recovered a complex containing β1 integrin, FAK, paxillin, and schwannomin. In adherent subconfluent cells, the proteins colocalized to filopodia, ruffling membranes and focal contacts. We assessed the role of rhoGTPase in the process of integrin complex assembly by introducing C3 transferase (C3T), a rho inhibitor, into the cells. Although C3T caused dose‐dependent morphological abnormalities, FAK, paxillin, and schwannomin were able to coimmunoprecipitate with β1 integrin. Additionally, colocalization of FAK, paxillin, and schwannomin with β1 integrin in filopodia and small focal contacts remained unchanged. We conclude that SCs do not require active rho to recruit signaling and structural proteins to β1 integrins clustered at the plasma membrane. Rho is required to establish large focal adhesions and to spread and stabilize plasma membrane extensions. GLIA 41:94–104, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexistence of serotonin 3 (5‐HT3) and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in interneurons of hippocampus and dentate gyrus
Authors: Morales Marisela , Bäckman Cristina 
Published: December 2002

AbstractUsing in situ hybridization histochemistry, a high degree of coexpression of the functional 5‐HT3A subunit of the 5‐HT3 receptor and the central CB1 cannabinoid receptor was detected in all subfields of the hippocampus and subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). Semiquantitative analysis demonstrated that, depending on the hippocampal layer, 72–88% of CB1‐expressing interneurons coexpress the 5‐HT3A subunit. Within the DG, 5‐HT3A/CB1 double‐labeled neurons were confined to the subgranular layer, where close to 80% of all CB1‐expressing basket neurons were found to contain 5‐HT3A subunit transcripts. These results provide the first evidence indicating that the only ion channel receptor for serotonin and central CB1 cannabinoid receptor coexist in neurons containing the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). These findings suggest possible interactions between the cannabinoid and serotonergic systems at the level of GABA neurotransmission. However, activation of 5‐HT3‐ or CB1‐receptors are likely to have opposing regulatory effects on GABA neurotransmission, as 5‐HT3 receptor activation by serotonin results in the release of GABA, while CB1 activation by cannabinoids results in inhibition of GABA release. Hippocampus 2002;12:756–764. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.