bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increases in tumor necrosis factor‐α following transient global cerebral ischemia do not contribute to neuron death in mouse hippocampus
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Saito Kuniaki , Hara Akira , Zhu Yuyan , Sudo Kaori , Niwa Masayuki , Fujii Hidehiko , Wada Hisayasu , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Mori Hideki , Seishima Mitsuru 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe actions of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) produced by resident brain cells and bone marrow‐derived cells in brain following a transient global ischemia were evaluated. In wild‐type mice (C57Bl/6J) following 20 min ischemia with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo), TNF‐α mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus were significantly increased at 3 h and 36 h and exhibited a biphasic expression pattern. There were no hippocampal TNF‐α mRNA expression levels at early time points in either wild‐type mice bone marrow transplanted (BMT)‐chimeric‐TNF‐α gene‐deficient (T/W) or TNF‐α gene‐deficient mice BMT‐TNF‐α gene‐deficient mice (T/T), although TNF‐α mRNA levels were detectable in T/W BMT mice at 36 h. Histopathological findings showed no intergroup differences between wild‐type and TNF‐α gene‐deficient mice at 4 and 7 days after transient ischemia. In addition, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) was activated within 12 h after global cerebral ischemia, but electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed no intergroup differences between wild type and TNF‐α gene‐deficient mice. In summary, early hippocampal TNF‐α mRNA expression may not be related to bone marrow‐derived cells, and secondary TNF‐α expression as early as 36 h after ischemia probably resulted mainly from endogenous brain cells and possibly a few bone marrow‐derived cells. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of the TNF‐α contribution to the physiologic changes of hippocampus after transient global ischemia, these results indicate that TNF‐α does not influence the morphological changes of the hippocampal neurons under our study condition.
Chloramphenicol decreases brain glucose utilization and modifies the sleep–wake cycle architecture in rats
Authors: Moulin‐Sallanon Marcelle , Millet Philippe , Rousset Colette , Zimmer Luc , Debilly Gabriel , Petit Jean‐Marie , Cespuglio Raymond , Magistretti Pierre , Ibáñez Vicente 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe studied the effects of chloramphenicol on brain glucose utilization and sleep–wake cycles in rat. After slightly anaesthetized animals were injected with [18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose, we acquired time–concentration curves from three radiosensitive β microprobes inserted into the right and left frontal cortices and the cerebellum, and applied a three‐compartment model to calculate the cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. The sleep–wake cycle architecture was analysed in anaesthetic‐free rats by recording electroencephalographic and electromyographic signals. Although chloramphenicol is a well‐established inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, no compensatory increase in glucose utilization was detected in frontal cortex. Instead, chloramphenicol induced a significant 23% decrease in the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose. Such a metabolic response indicates a potential mismatch between energy supply and neuronal activity induced by chloramphenicol administration. Regarding sleep–wake states, chloramphenicol treatment was followed by a 64% increase in waking, a 20% decrease in slow‐wave sleep, and a marked 59% loss in paradoxical sleep. Spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram indicates that chloramphenicol induces long‐lasting modifications of delta‐band power during slow‐wave sleep.
ST‐segment deviations during pacing‐induced increased heart rate in patients without coronary artery disease
Authors: Häggmark Sören , Haney Michael F. , Jensen Steen M. , Johansson Göran , Näslund Ulf 
Published: June 2005

SummaryIntroduction:  In order to interpret ST‐segment changes as an indicator of ischemia in patients with higher heart rates (HRs), the relation between ST‐segment levels and HR needs to be well defined in subjects without coronary artery disease.Methods:  Eighteen patients with normal ECGs in the catheterization laboratory, after radiofrequency ablation of AV nodal re‐entry tachycardia or an accessory pathway were included. Computerized online vectorcardiography (VCG) was performed during step‐wise atrial pacing‐induced increases in HR up to 150 beats min−1 (bpm). The ST‐vector magnitude (ST‐VM) and the relative ST change vector magnitude (STC‐VM) were analysed at the J point, J + 20 and J + 60 ms.Results:  There was no divergence in the course of ST‐VM or STC‐VM based on J point + 0, 20, or 60 ms during increasing HR. The STC‐VM mean values increased progressively during increases in HR above 100 bpm, with an average increase in STC‐VM of 15–20 μV per 10 bpm increases in HR. The ST‐VM response during HR increases showed a heterogeneous and unpredictable pattern.Conclusion:  The STC‐VM increases linearly with rising HRs above 100 bpm. The STC‐VM can exceed widely recognized ischemic thresholds during higher HRs in the absence of ischemia. The choice of J point time to ST‐VM measurements as tested here is not important for the STC‐VM relation to HR at these HR levels. Further clinical testing is needed to improve the diagnostic specificity of STC‐VM measurements during increased HRs.
Challenge‐induced plasma exudation and mucinous secretion in human airways
Authors: Greiff Lennart , Andersson Morgan , Coman William B. , Lindberg Henrik , Marko‐Varga Gyorgy , Wallwork Ben , Persson Carl G. A. 
Published: June 2005

SummarySecretion of mucins and exudation of plasma are distinct processes of importance to innate immunity and inflammatory disease. Yet, little is known about their relation in human airways. The objective of the present study was to use the human nasal airway to determine mucinous secretion and plasma exudation in response to common challenge agents and mediators. Ten healthy volunteers were subjected to nasal challenge‐lavage procedures. Thus, the nasal mucosa was exposed to increasing doses of histamine (40 and 400 μg ml−1), methacholine (12·5 and 25 mg) and capsaicin (30 and 300 ng ml−1). Fucose was selected as a global marker of mucinous secretion and α2‐macroglobulin as an index of exudation of bulk plasma. All challenge agents increased the mucosal output of fucose to about the same level (P<0·01–0·05). Once significant secretion had been induced the subsequently increased dose of the challenge agent, in the case of histamine and methacholine, failed to further increase the response. Only histamine increased the mucosal output of α2‐macroglobulin (P<0·01). We conclude that prompt but potentially rapidly depleted mucinous secretion is common to different kinds of airway challenges, whereas inflammatory histamine‐type mediators are required to produce plasma exudation. Along with the acknowledged secretion of mucins, a practically non‐depletable, pluripotent mucosal output of plasma emerges as an important component of the innate immunity of human airways.
Quantitative polar representation of left ventricular myocardial perfusion, function and viability using SPECT and cardiac magnetic resonance: initial results
Authors: Cain Peter A. , Ugander Martin , Palmer John , Carlsson Marcus , Heiberg Einar , Arheden Håkan 
Published: June 2005

SummaryBackground:  The clinical management of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) often involves a complex assessment of the extent and severity of changes in left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion, function and viability. We aimed to explore the feasibility of integrative quantitative representation of LV perfusion, function and viability in adjacent polar plots. In order to assess the clinical usefulness of the quantitative methods, we also explored the relationship and determined the agreement between visual scoring and quantitative measurement of regional perfusion and function.Methods:  Ten patients with CAD underwent rest and stress 99mTc‐tetrofosmin single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Software was developed in‐house for generating polar plots from semi‐automatic quantification of rest and stress perfusion from SPECT, function from cine CMR and viability from delayed contrast enhancement (DE) CMR. The agreement between visual assessment and quantification of both perfusion and function was tested by Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W).Results:  Polar plots were created using quantitative data from the semi‐automatic analysis of perfusion, function and viability. Kendall's W for agreement between quantitative measurement and visual scoring was 1·0 (P<0·001) for perfusion and 0·85 (P<0·001) for function.Conclusions:  Side‐by‐side quantitative polar representation of LV perfusion, function and viability is feasible and may aid in the complex assessment of these parameters. The agreement between quantitative measurement and visual scoring was very good for both perfusion and function.
Flunarizine and Propranolol in the Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Ludin Hans‐Peter 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe clinical efficacy of flunarizine and of propranolol for the prevention of migraine attacks was assessed in a multicenter double‐blind study lasting four months which was preceded by a single‐blind placebo period of one month. For both drugs, more than haft of the patients judged the effect to be good or very good. When considering the patients' daily logs, both drugs produced a significant reduction of the number of attacks. Propranolol furthermore significantly reduced the severity of attacks and the number of analgesics used during the attacks. In both groups no severe side effects were observed.
Headaches in Hospitalized Cocaine Users
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Choy‐Kwong Maria , Solomon Seymour 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe reviewed the medical records of 283 cocaine users consecutively admitted to a municipal hospital and identified 37 patients (13.1%) complaining of headaches. These patients were divided into three groups. Three patients had migraine‐like headaches and transient hemiparesis associated with cocaine use. Five patients had headaches associated with cocaine withdrawal. In 29 patients headaches were not clearly associated with cocaine. Twenty‐two of the 29 had chronic daily headaches; nine of these patients were depressed. Three had focal brain lesions with chronic daily headache or acute onset global headache. The four remaining patients had other headaches. Based on these findings, we conclude that: (1) Headache is a common complaint in hospitalized cocaine users; (2) Cocaine may occasionally trigger a syndrome which resembles hemiplegic migraine. The potential mechanisms of this syndrome will be discussed; (3) Hospitalized cocaine users who present with headaches most frequently have depression with suicidal ideation, often associated with cocaine withdrawal; and (4) Structural brain disease in these patients may result from a variety of causes.
Facial Pain, Headache, and Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation
Authors: Schellhas Kurt P. , Wilkes Clyde H. , Camak Baker C. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe studied one hundred patients with suspected temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthropathy in whom 64 also complained of headache and/or facial pain, using high field surface coil magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and found that headache and facial pain are commonly observed in association with inflammatory arthropathy of the TMJ. Each patient complained of pain and/or tenderness localized to the immediate vicinity of at least one TMJ. Pathologic joint effusion was demonstrated by MR in 88 of the painful joints studied. Significant meniscus displacement, with or without meniscus deformity and alteration of intrinsic signal intensity was present in 94 of the 100 painful joints examined. Ascial inflammation and atrophy of the ipsilateral muscles of mastication were observed occasionally with painful joints. There were no mechanical TMJ symptoms, such as joint clicking, crepitus or locking in 14 internally deranged and painful joints, 12 of which exhibited joint effusion and local inflammation. At least 80 patients described occlusal changes within 12 months of imaging. 28 of the pathologic joints in the series underwent subsequent meniscectomy, including routine histologic evaluation of surgical material. We conclude that internal derangement and inflammation of the TMJ should be considered in atients with unexplained headache and/or facial pain, even if mechanical TMJ symptoms are absent.
Long‐latency Auditory Event Related Potentials in Migraine
Authors: Drake Miles E. , Pakalnis Ann , Padamadan Hosi 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe pathophysiology of migraine and its associated perceptual symptoms remains controversial. We recorded long‐latency auditory event related potentials (AEPs) in 30 unmedicated patients with common migraine, and compared them to 20 controls. 1,000 and 3,000 Hz tones were presented in an 80:20 ratio at 75 dB SL. 200 responses were recorded and replicated from Cz‐A1 +A2, with filter band‐pass of I ‐ 100 Hz, analysis time of 1,000 ms., and interstimulus interval of 1.1 second.N100, P200, and N200 ERP components did not differ in latency or amplitude between migraine patients and controls. P300 was longer in latency among those with common migraine, and P300 amplitude was significantly reduced (P>0.05). These findings suggest that migraine may have a central mechanism, and that migraineurs may have a difference in task involvement or perception which may influence their clinical course and response to therapy.
Platelet Activation and Analysis of Organelles in Migraineurs
Authors: Riddle J.M. , D'Andrea G. , Welch K.M.A. , Joseph R. , McEIroy H.H. , Grunfeld S. , Christopherson T.G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe used transmission electron microscopy to investigate selected aspects of the platelet response (surface activation as well as aggregation) and quantify cytoplasmic organelles within the cytoplasm of platelets obtained from both healthy control women and women diagnosed as having either common or classic migraine. Comparisons between controls and migraineurs showed no differences for: (1) the number of circulating platelets, (2) degree of surface activation, (3) amount of aggregate formation or (4) percent of hyperactive platelet populations. In contrast, platelets of migraine sufferers uniformly containeda significantly greater number of dense bodies compared to control platelets. Although we did not find functional abnormalities for the platelets obtained from migraineurs, we did demonstrate that they were altered structurally.
Non‐Invasive Treatment of Vascular and Muscle Contraction Headache: A Comparative Longitudinal Clinical Study
Authors: Reich Barry A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the long‐term course of non‐invasively treated chronic headache. A total of 1015 adult patients with primary diagnosis of vascular/ migraine or muscle contraction headache participated in the study investigating symptom frequency and severity over a 36 month period after receiving treatment. Treatment consisted of either: relaxation training (stepwise relaxation/hypnosis/ autogenic training/cognitive behavior therapy); biofeedback (thermal/photoplethysmograph/EMG); micro‐electrical therapy (TENS/Neurotransmitter Modulation) or multimodal treatment (combination of any of the above two treatments). Seven hundred and ninety‐three patients returned sufficient data to be included in the analysis. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups and received either short term intervention (15 or less treatments) or long term intervention (greater than 15 treatments). Results indicate that all treatment conditions significantly reduced frequency and intensity of cephalalgia. Repeated measure analysis of variance indicated that grouping variables of Biofeedback treatment, symptoms being evidenced less than 2 years and receiving over 15 treatment sessions best predicted successful intervention.
Basophil Histamine Release and Leukotriene (LTB4 ‐ LTC4) Production in Cluster Headache
Authors: Martelletti P. , Adriani E. , Bonini S. , Celestino D. , Lenti L. , Armaleo C. , Di Pastena A. , Misasi R. , Giacovazzo M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHistamine release and leukotrienes (LTB4 and LTC4) production from circulating basophils have been studied in 13 patients with episodic cluster headache (CH) during the remission phase of symptoms, and in 9 normal subjects. Cell suspensions of basophils were stimulated with scalar dilutions of anti‐lgE, f‐met‐peptide and Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Histamine was measured by an automated fluorimetric method; LTB4 and LTC4 with RIA in individual cases, and with Reverse‐Phase HPLC in the two pools obtained from the supernatants of CH patients and controls. Mean values of histamine release in patients with CH were significantly lower when compared to those obtained in control subjects after stimulation with anti IgE at the three dilutions used. LTC4 mean levels measured in CH patients were significantly lower than those of supernatants from controls after stimulation with 0.05 /ml of A23187. A reduction of LTC4 and LTB4 levels in CH patients was also observed in R‐P HPLC, which showed different elution patterns in the two groups. The histamine release in individual cases was related to leukotriene production: LTC 4 levels were significantly (p<.05) higher in “high histamine releasers” than in “low histamine releasers”. Our results indicate that CH patients have complex abnormalities of histamine release and of leukotriene production during the painless phase of the disease.
Migraine‐Like Visual Phenomena Associated With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Newman Daniel Seth , Levine Steven R. , Curtis Valerie L. , Welch K.M.A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwo adults presented with new‐onset migrainous‐type visual disturbances and had angiographically demonstrated filling defects near the torcular Herophili. Neither patient had a visual field deficit nor cerebral computed tomography evidence of an occipital infarction. The association of migraine‐like visual phenomena with cerebral venous thrombosis may provide insight into the pathogenesis of migraine.
Aspartame as a Dietary Trigger of Headache
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Newman Lawrence C. , Cohen Joel S. , Solomon Seymour 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMany dietary factors have been implicated as possible precipitants of headache. There have been recent differences of opinion with regard to the effect of the artificial sweetener aspartame as a precipitant of headache. To assess the importance of aspartame as a dietary factor in headache, 190 consecutive patients of the Montefiore Medical Center Headache Unit were questioned about the effect of alcohol, carbohydrates and aspartame in triggering their headaches. Of the 171 patients who fully completed the survey, 49.7 percent reported alcohol as a precipitating factor, compared to 8.2 percent reporting aspartame and 2.3 percent reporting carbohydrates.Patients with migraine were significantly more likely to report alcohol as a triggering factor and also reported aspartame as a precipitant three times more often than those having other types of headache. The conflicting results of two recent placebo‐control studies of aspartame and headache are discussed.We conclude that aspartame may be an important dietary trigger of headache in some people.
EMG Cranial Muscle Levels in Headache Sufferers Before and During Headache
Authors: Pritchard D. W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIt has long been assumed that the origin of pain in 'muscle‐contraction headache' lies in the peri‐cranial muscles, especially in the frontales. Pain, it is assumed, is experienced when the muscles are in spasm. It is further assumed that learned reductions in muscle tone between headache episodes will reduce the probability of future pain episodes.In this experiment, details are given of EMG measures made on the frontal, occipital, and neck muscles of separate groups of migraine and tension headache subjects. The measures were made before the onset of head pain and later when the same subjects reported pain. As part of the experiment, subjects were exposed to an experimental stressor during the pain‐free period, and these results were compared with those of a group of non‐headache subjects. Results showed that the headache groups did not differ on any of the pre‐headache measures. Neck muscle levels varied markedly when compared with control subjects who had comparatively low levels reactive to an experimental stressor. When the data taken during the headache phase were analysed according to diagnosis, the occipital muscle output was found to be significantly lower in the migraine group and higher in the tension group.
Pupillary Adrenergic Sensitivity and Idiopathic Headache in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Battistella P. A. , Ruffilli R. , Zacchello F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISElectronic pupillometry before and after phenylephrine eye drops was performed in 83 headache patients divided into two groups: Group A included 59 pediatric patients aged 5 to 16 years suffering from tension headache (TH=8), common migraine(CM=33) and classic migraine (CLM=18); Group B comprised 24 adult patients aged 28 to 49 years suffering from CM. Comparisons were made with a group of healthy volunteer controls, 12 children and 15 adults, not suffering from headache.In Group A, only the CLM patients had significant mydriasis after phenylephrine; pupillary responses in the TH and CM cases did not differ significantly from the healthy controls, although there was an evident tendency for increased response in the CM by comparison with the TH cases. On the other hand, in Group B (adult CM) there was a significant pupillary hyper‐responsiveness to adrenergic receptor stimulation, higher than in the same clinical condition in the pediatric group.In pre‐pharmacological testing conditions, a significantly higher percentage of anisocoria (p<0.05) and a significant reduction in mean pupil size (p<0.01) were only evident in adult migraineurs as compared with controls.These findings suggest that a subtle chronic sympathetic deficiency affecting the iris neuromuscular junction in some clinical forms of primary headache may be detected by pupil‐Iometry at an early age.Moreover, apart from a temporal factor responsible for a progressive sympathetic imbalance during development, there may be a more evident neural transmission disorder in migraine forms as opposed to tension forms.
Two Studies of the Potential Mechanisms of Action in the Thermal Biofeedback Treatment of Vascular Headache
Authors: Morrill Belinda , Blanchard Edward B. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSixty vascular headache sufferers who underwent a standard protocol treatment of progressive relaxation and thermal biofeedback with autogenic training were studied for changes in hand temperature (the targeted response) and heart rate (a non‐targeted response) to determine how such physiological change relates to reduction in headache activity. Overall, regardless of degree of improvement, subjects showed a significant, positive change over time in their ability to increase hand temperature. It was also found that inability to handwarm at session one of thermal biofeedback training was predictive of treatment success, as was the ability to achieve a fingertip temperature of at least 96.0°F at any point in thermal biofeedback training. In addition, it was found that migraine headache sufferers who were treatment successes had significantly lowered their heart rates from pre‐ to post‐treatment assessment.