bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How turbulence sets boundaries for tokamak operation
Authors: Manz Peter , Eich Thomas , Grover Ondrej 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Various boundaries, such as the transition to high confinement, density limits, and power exhaust requirements, impose limits on the safe and efficient operation of a tokamak. Turbulent transport at the separatrix plays a decisive role in these limitations. To consider the boundaries from a holistic perspective, all operation limits have to be derived using the same turbulence model. This results in an operation phase space in relation to the separatrix electron density and temperature. Here, we discuss the underlying physics, the historical development, and future improvements of this operational space.
Integrating the Patient Perspective into Healthcare and Real-World Evidence: The Multi-site, Cross-Disease, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Project in the Medical Informatics Initiative (PCOR-MII)
Authors: Rogge A. A. , Mukowski-Kickhöfel R. , Boeker M. , Budde K. , Debertshäuser T. , Dugas M. , Erim Y. , Friederich H.-C. , Ganslandt T. , Giel K. , Henningsen P. , Herrmann T. , Heuschmann P. U. , Junne F. , Kohlbacher O. , Kribben A. , Löwe B. , Marschollek M. , Nensa F. , Oeltze-Jafra S. , Pape L. , Pryss R. , Schiffer M. , Schmidt-Ott K. , Storck M. , Suwelack B. , Thun S. , Ückert F. , Varghese J. , Zeier M. , Zipfel S. , de Zwaan M. , Rose M. , Prasser F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research within the Medical Informatics Initiative (PCOR-MII) project, focusing on the integration of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into a large-scale national data sharing infrastructure, established in Germany by the Medical Informatics Initiative (MII). PCOR-MII aims to systematically address the interests of various stakeholders in patient-reported health data and three dimensions of clinical utility: (1) prediction, (2) monitoring, and (3) outcome assessment. The project builds upon harmonized technical, data, and compliance environments established at the participating institutions as part of the MII to deploy and roll out software solutions for capturing PROs and making them accessible within local electronic health record (EHR) systems. To overcome interoperability challenges, PCOR-MII is developing a construct-oriented PROM module for the Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)–based German National Core Dataset. The project applies its approach to three patient populations with distinct characteristics: anorexia nervosa targeting risk prediction (dimension 1), kidney transplantation prioritizing health status and adherence monitoring (dimension 2), and persistent somatic symptoms primarily aimed at assessing and understanding outcomes (dimension 3). With their emphasis on different aspects of PROs, those application areas can serve as blueprints for a broader roll-out. PCOR-MII represents a structured and comprehensive effort to incorporate PROs into a national data infrastructure, promising more precise diagnostics, improved treatment decisions, and the generation of new biomedical insights. We believe that our structured approach may serve as a guiding framework for others aiming to implement PROs in diverse healthcare settings.
Fast Simulation of the Zero Degree Calorimeter Responses with Generative Neural Networks
Authors: Wojnar Maksymilian , Majerz Emilia , Dzwinel Witold 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Applying machine learning methods to high-energy physics simulations has recently emerged as a rapidly developing area. A prominent example is the Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) simulation in the ALICE experiment at CERN, where substituting the traditional computationally extensive Monte Carlo methods with generative models radically reduces computation time. Although numerous studies have addressed the fast ZDC simulation, there remains significant potential for innovations. Recent developments in generative neural networks have enabled the creation of models capable of producing high-quality samples indistinguishable from real data. In this paper, we apply the latest advances to the simulation of the ZDC neutron detector and achieve a significant improvement in the Wasserstein metric compared to existing methods with a low generation time of 5 ms per sample. Our focus is on exploring novel architectures and state-of-the-art generative frameworks. We compare their performance against established methods, demonstrating competitive outcomes in speed and efficiency. The source code and hyperparameters of the models can be found at https://github.com/m-wojnar/zdc.
Fundamental graphs for the maximum multiplicity of an eigenvalue among Hermitian matrices with a given graph
Authors: Johnson Charles R. , Leal-Duarte António , Saiago Carlos M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our purpose is to identify the graphs that are “fundamental” for the maximum multiplicity problem for Hermitian matrices with a given undirected simple graph. Like paths for trees, these are the special graphs to which the maximum multiplicity problem may be reduced. These are the graphs for which maximum multiplicity implies that all vertices are downers. Examples include cycles and complete graphs, and several more are identified, using the theory developed herein. All the unicyclic graphs that are fundamental, are explicitly identified. We also list those graphs with two edges added to a tree, and their maximum multiplicities, which we have found so far to be fundamental. A formula for maximum multiplicity is given based on fundamental graphs.
Keep using “democracy” in political theory
Authors: Pinder Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper is a contribution to a symposium on Herman Cappelen’s 2023 book The Concept of Democracy: An Essay on Conceptual Amelioration and Abandonment. In that book, Cappelen develops a theory of abandonment—a theory of why and how to completely stop using particular linguistic expressions—and then uses that theory to argue for the general abandonment of the words “democracy” and “democratic”. In this paper, I critically discuss Cappelen’s arguments for the abandonment of “democracy” and “democratic” in political theory specifically.
Multiple Loss of Heterozygosity in a Case of Rare Ovarian Mixed Germ Cell Tumor - Case Report and Overview of Literature
Authors: Hutník Juraj , Priščáková Petra , Repiská Vanda , Korbeľ Miroslav , Danihel Ľudovít , Šufliarsky Jozef , Kubičková Michaela , Gergely Lajos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs) are characterized by pluripotency and exhibit diverse embryonic and extraembryonic structures. Approximately 10% of malignant GCTs are mixed germ cell tumors. The precise histogenic origins of GCTs remain elusive, mostly because of their rare occurrence. The aim of this study is to determine the histogenic origin of an extremely rare mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary consisting of embryonal carcinoma and non-gestational choriocarcinoma components using short tandem repeats genotyping by the quantitative-fluorescence PCR and capillary electrophoresis. The comparison of short tandem repeat profiles between the patient's blood DNA and microdissected tumor revealed a consistent loss of heterozygosity at multiple short tandem repeat loci, indicating a clonal origin for both embryonal carcinoma and non-gestational choriocarcinoma components suggesting a potential origin in abnormal meiotic processes. The presence of loss of heterozygosity in the vast majority of examined loci suggests an origin from aberrant meiosis, possibly due to errors in meiosis I or meiosis II. Due to the rarity of mixed germ cell tumors, it is difficult to assess the clinical significance of this exact histogenic origin. Further studies and meta-analyses of a larger cohort are next essential step to explore the clinical significance of GCT histogenic origins. This article aims to improve the understanding of the GCT etiology.
Thrust variations in small rotors due to corner and vertex effects on the ground side
Authors: Otsuka H. , Akaba S. , Hara T. , Nagai H. , Tokutake H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thrust changes near walls and the ground plane are influenced by the rotor’s position in indoor flight environments. This study evaluates variations in rotor thrust near a corner, which includes one wall and the ground plane, as well as a vertex, which involves two walls and the ground plane; these phenomena are referred to as the corner and vertex effects, respectively. Additionally, the rotor wake in the vertex effect was visualised using the laser sheet method, and wake velocity was measured with a hot-wire probe. The thrust change in the corner effect on the ground side was minimal, primarily depending on the ground effect. In the vertex effect, thrust decreased to 93% of the thrust outside the vertex effect when the rotor height above ground was 2.5 times the rotor radius, and the rotor was distanced from the two walls by 1.5 times the rotor radius. Flow visualisation and hot-wire velocimetry results suggest that the thrust decrease was caused by the flow recirculation structure between the fountain flow developed along the vertical corner and rotor inflow. The thrust decreases under conditions where the circulation structure appears, and fountain flow velocity accelerates the recirculation. These findings aid in planning the flight path of small multirotors in indoor flight conditions by providing guidance on distances that do not alter rotor thrust near corners and vertices.
Visual Propaganda and Biafran National Identity: Artists Constructing a Nation During Wartime
Authors: Wolff Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe secessionist state of Biafra enacted a propaganda campaign that simultaneously built support for its war of independence (the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970) and fostered nationalism. Integral to this effort, although understudied, were the currency, stamps, posters, and cartoons artists produced while working for the government. Putting these materials in dialogue with print and radio propaganda, and the Ahiara Declaration (the culminating treatise of Biafran nationalism), this article demonstrates how visual propaganda actualized a nation, constructed national identity, positioned Biafra as a foil to an irredeemable Nigeria, and defined a citizenry. Through the materials they created, artists shaped Biafra’s national consciousness.
MORE ON YET ANOTHER IDEAL VERSION OF THE BOUNDING NUMBER
Authors: KWELA ADAM 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This is a continuation of the paper [J. Symb. Log. 87 (2022), 1065–1092]. For an ideal

$\mathcal {I}$

on

$\omega $

we denote

$\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}=\{f\in \omega ^{\omega }: f^{-1}[\{n\}]\in \mathcal {I} \text { for every } n\in \omega \}$

and write

$f\leq _{\mathcal {I}} g$

if

$\{n\in \omega :f(n)>g(n)\}\in \mathcal {I}$

, where

$f,g\in \omega ^{\omega }$

.
We study the cardinal numbers

$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}))$

describing the smallest sizes of subsets of

$\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}$

that are unbounded from below with respect to

$\leq _{\mathcal {I}}$

.
In particular, we examine the relationships of

$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}))$

with the dominating number

$\mathfrak {d}$

. We show that, consistently,

$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}))>\mathfrak {d}$

for some ideal

$\mathcal {I}$

, however

$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}))\leq \mathfrak {d}$

for all analytic ideals

$\mathcal {I}$

. Moreover, we give example of a Borel ideal with

$\mathfrak {b}(\geq _{\mathcal {I}}\cap (\mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}} \times \mathcal {D}_{\mathcal {I}}))=\operatorname {\mathrm {add}}(\mathcal {M})$

.
Adaptive particle refinement for compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Nealon Rebecca , Price Daniel J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce adaptive particle refinement for compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). SPH calculations have the natural advantage that resolution follows mass, but this is not always optimal. Our implementation allows the user to specify local regions of the simulation that can be more highly resolved. We test our implementation on practical applications including a circumbinary disc, a planet embedded in a disc, and a flyby. By comparing with equivalent globally high-resolution calculations, we show that our method is accurate and fast, with errors in the mass accreted onto sinks of less than 9% and speed ups of 1.07–6.62

$\times$

for the examples shown. Our method is adaptable and easily extendable, for example, with multiple refinement regions or derefinement.
Temporal dynamics hidden within species baselines – multifaceted decline of a lichen bioindicator (Bryoria fuscescens)
Authors: Ellis Christopher J. , Tomlinson Sam , Carnell Edward J. , Coppins Brian J. , Sutton Mark A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRapid advances in species distribution modelling have been facilitated by open availability of ‘big data’ and powerful statistical methods. A key consideration remains the time window over which field recorded occurrence data are sampled to develop a baseline species distribution. Too narrow, and distributions are incomplete and affected by sampling bias, too broad and distributions may fail to meet an assumption of equilibrium, having been affected by dynamic change across a range of different predictors. Lichens are a case in point; being diverse, functionally important and the subject of bioclimatic modelling for conservation assessment, they are nevertheless a specialist taxonomic group that is comparatively less well recorded compared to birds, mammals or vascular plants, for example. In this study, we examined the distribution of the ‘hair-lichen’ Bryoria fuscescens, based on UK record data. We partitioned records into sub-decadal periods (1970s, 1990s, 2010s), and accounting for recording effort, we compared these distributions to three predictors: an historical reconstruction of two different pollutants (sulphur dioxide and nitrogen deposition), and the climate (minimum mean temperature). We asked whether the strength of evidence for the effect of environmental predictors on Bryoria fuscescens distribution varied among the different decades, while also considering a potential for lag-effects. We show that a Bryoria fuscescens distribution that appears static, is dynamic when referenced against patterns of field recording effort. Climate was consistently important in explaining Bryoria fuscescens distribution, which was also affected by the changing pattern of pollution over time. This included a lag-effect of peak sulphur dioxide in the 1970s, and accrued effects of nitrogen deposition that strengthen over time. Overall, we conclude that Bryoria fuscescens has undergone a long-term decline in extent over the last six decades, caused by complex multivariate effects of air pollution, probably combined with climate warming. The ability to resolve these trends for assessment against future conservation targets depends critically on maintaining field identification skills and a sufficiently robust recording effort.
Helminth parasites of Galápagos mammals: a new cestode of the genus Raillietina from the endemic rice rat Nesoryzomys swarthi and a summary of parasites from both endemic and invasive rodents
Authors: Gardner Scott L. , Chesley Emma K. , Friedle Michael C. , Dursahinhan Altangerel T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this first report of endoparasites from endemic land-mammals of the Galápagos Islands, we describe a new species of cestode of the genus Raillietina (Cyclophyllidea: Davaineidae) from a species of Nesoryzomys and summarize the extent of helminth parasitism in both oryzomyine endemics and introduced species of Rattus. Up to the current time, no helminth parasites have been reported from rodents of the Galápagos, and little work has yet been done describing and synthesizing Galápagos parasite diversity. In historical times, several species of autochthonous rodents have occupied the islands including: Nesoryzomys narboroughi Heller 1904, N. fernandinae Hutterer and Hirsch 1979, N. swarthi Orr, 1938, and Aegialomys galapagoensis (Waterhouse, 1839). Colonization of the islands by humans brought 3 known species of synanthropic rodents: Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, and Mus musculus which are suspected to have caused the extinction of at least 3 other oryzomyines in historical times.
Declarative and automatized phonological vocabulary knowledge in L2 listening proficiency: A training study
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Uchihara Takumi , Takizawa Kotaro , Suzukida Yui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBy adopting a pre- and post-test design, the current study longitudinally examined the complex relationship between two different dimensions of phonological vocabulary knowledge (declarative vs. automatized) and their ultimate impacts on global L2 listening proficiency among 133 Japanese EFL students. The declarative group focused solely on what target words sound like and mean via meaning recognition tasks. The automatization group worked not only on such form-meaning mappings but also on prompt access to the target words in a semantically, collocationally, and grammatically appropriate manner via lexicosemantic judgment tasks. Compared to the declarative group, the automatization group showed relatively robust learning in both declarative and automatized dimensions of target words. Although neither training approach showed clear superiority, the results suggest that relative gains in automatized, rather than declarative, dimensions are associated with enhanced L2 listening proficiency. The distinction between declarative and automatized dimensions of phonological vocabulary knowledge, along with the absence of a direct link between training type and improved listening proficiency, offers valuable insights for future extension studies.
Intergenerational and intragenerational cooperation
Authors: Heath Joseph 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper is a contribution to a symposium on Michael Otsuka’s book, How to Pool Risk Across Generations. Following Otsuka, one may distinguish three distinct systems of cooperation within a standard pension arrangement: the retirement system, the longevity risk pool and the investment risk pool. It is important to observe, however, that only the retirement system constitutes a genuine system of intergenerational cooperation, the other two are essentially intragenerational, in that they pool risks among members of a cohort. Otsuka is faulted for being occasionally less than clear on these distinctions.
Experience of home monitoring of children with complex CHD during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learnt
Authors: Gillender Jonathan , McCullough Julie E.M. , Browne Rosie , Sinclair Marlene , McCrossan Brian , Casey Frank 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjective:The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique challenges to global healthcare. Face-to-face outpatient care was dramatically reduced. This study implemented a remote consultation service via a mobile app (Pexip) to monitor patients with major CHD.Design:Study design was quasi-experimental and prospective.Setting:Remote consultations were carried out at a tertiary paediatric cardiology centre in Northern Ireland.Patients:Children with major CHD aged 0–16years in Northern Ireland.Intervention:The intervention was a Pexip-enabled remote consultation.Outcome measures:Primary outcome measures included the number of attendances to hospital both initiated and avoided via remote consultation. Remote consultations were conducted by doctor and/or cardiac specialist nurse or by specialist nurse alone (52% vs. 48%).Results:In the study, 32 patients enrolled; three were non-responders and a further two excluded. There were 201 remote consultations delivered (mean = 7.4). There were 12 admissions to hospital resulting from the remote consultation; the commonest indication was abnormal oxygen saturations (42%). There were 38 hospital attendances avoided, predominantly related to infant feeding and medication advice (both 42%).Conclusions:A significant number of unnecessary hospital attendances were avoided (n = 38). Remote consultation technology proved a user-friendly and valuable adjunct to the provision of ongoing specialist patient care in challenging circumstances. There was a reduction in parental anxiety, and both parents and clinicians found this initiative beneficial to patient care. There was prompt identification of unwell children on remote consultations.
Covered stent repair of a veno-venous cavopulmonary window: a case report
Authors: Zhu Ye , Galindo Alvaro , Restrepo Humberto , Rothman Abraham 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA 69-year-old man had an abnormal intracardiac course of a pacemaker lead. CT angiography demonstrated a window between the right upper pulmonary vein and the superior caval vein. The window was treated with covered stents in the superior caval vein, which was complicated by a chronic pericardial effusion that was treated with a pericardial window 6 months later.
Enhancing paediatric and congenital cardiology e-learning postgraduate education: insights from the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology directed webinar series
Authors: Piccinelli Enrico , Heying Ruth , Albert-Brotons Dimpna C. , Bosschers Linda , Milanesi Ornella , Voges Inga , Sendzikaite Skaiste , Pitkänen-Argillander Olli , Michel-Behnke Ina , McMahon Colin J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjective:A series of webinars covering widespread knowledge on paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery topics was initiated by Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, serving towards preparation for the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology certification in paediatric and congenital cardiology. This study investigated the impact of webinars as educational tools for junior paediatric cardiologists in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.Materials and methods:A cross-sectional survey design study using an online survey as a tool for the assessment of trainees. An open and closed-ended SurveyMonkey questionnaire was used to document the learners’ opinions on webinars. Results were reported using descriptive statistical analyses.Results:Twenty-seven Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology junior members participated in the online survey from twelve different countries. Most of the participants were trainees in paediatric cardiology (56%), and the remainder were junior consultants in paediatric cardiology. Approximately 70% found no difficulties in participating in the webinars. The webinars were appreciated by participants, who found the webinars interactive and highly educational with contents highly applicable to everyday clinical practice. Significant heterogeneity emerged in training programmes across Europe and worldwide in terms of programme duration, number of fellows, teaching approach, and assessments. Training opportunities such as courses, grants, and more webinars were suggested as tools to support continuous learning by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology.Conclusion:The Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology webinar series has confirmed the crucial role of online-based learning resources in the new generation of junior paediatric cardiologists. Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology webinars and the examination in paediatric cardiology may help standardise training across Europe, promoting the highest standards in patient care.