bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of Asian Americans
Authors: Lee Jonathan H. X. 
Published: October 2023

A comprehensive, compelling, and clearly written title that provides a rich examination of the history of Asians in the United States, covering well-established Asian American groups as well as emerging ones such as the Burmese, Bhutanese, and Tibetan American communities.
History of Asian Americans: Exploring Diverse Roots supplies a concise, easy-to-use, yet comprehensive resource on Asian American history. Chronologically organized, it starts with Chinese immigration to the United States and concludes with coverage of the most recent Asian migrant populations, describing Asian American lives and experiences and documenting them as an essential part of the continuously evolving American experience and mosaic.
The book discusses domestic as well as international influencing factors in Asian American history, thereby providing information within a transnational framework. An ideal resource for high school and undergraduate level students as well as general readers interested in learning about the history of Asian Americans, the chapters employ critical racialization and ethnic studies discourses that put Asian and Asian Americans subjects in an insightful comparative perspective. The book also specifically addresses the important roles played by Asian American women across history.
Infertility Treatments
Authors: Arenofsky Janice 
Published: October 2023

Infertility affects about five million individuals of childbearing age in the United States, yet infertility is a subject about which many people are reluctant to talk. This book discusses extensively many options available to individuals struggling with infertility.
Infertility can result from a number of causes and affects men and women in equal numbers. Difficulty conceiving can take a heavy toll on couples both physically and psychologically and can lead to depression and marital discord. There are, however, many options available to those struggling with infertility for having a child. These include innovative medical procedures and powerful drugs as well as a variety of alternative treatment approaches, surrogacy, and adoption.
A part of Greenwood’s Health and Medical Issues Today series, this book provides an overview of these options and examines the many health, financial, and ethical decisions of each that must be considered when choosing one. Part I explores what causes infertility and the history and evolution of its treatment and then examines the options available today, detailing how they work, their success rates, and their risks. Additionally, it addresses controversial topics such as the legislation of assisted reproductive technologies and the regulation of fertility clinics. Part II delves into the many scientific, economic, and ethical debates that surround infertility treatment, presenting a clear and objective analysis of the issues. Part III provides a variety of useful supplementary materials, including case studies, a timeline of critical events, a glossary, and a directory of resources.
Pain Management
Authors: Goldstein Myrna Chandler , Goldstein Mark A. 
Published: October 2023

This accessibly written book examines the most commonly used substances and techniques for managing pain, exploring why they work (or don't), their risks and benefits, and key research findings regarding their use.
No one is a stranger to pain. From sudden injuries to post-operative discomfort to nagging aches and stiffness, pain is an unwelcome but familiar part of life. There are numerous methods for managing pain, but it can be difficult to know which is the best fit and to separate truth from hype.
Pain Management: Fact versus Fiction examines 30 well-known options for combating pain, whether acute or chronic. Utilizing a standardized structure, each entry discusses a particular substance or technique's origins and underlying principles, how and in what context it's used, and its advantages and disadvantages. Summaries of key research studies are included to help readers better determine which treatments may be a good choice for them. Introductory materials give readers a foundational understanding of what pain is, how it's categorized and measured, and the impact it can have on individualS’ physical and psychological well-being. A Further Reading section at the end of each entry points readers toward additional resources to expand and deepen their knowledge.
Effect of Dexamethasone on Post-Operative Delirium in adults following General Anaesthesia
Authors: Qureshi Kazi Iftikhar , Aftab Ali , Ghauri Muhammad Asim , Yawar Reema , Saifee Hatim , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the effect of Dexamethasone on post-operative delirium in adults following general anaesthesia among patients operated at Pakistan Navy Hospital Shifa.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine Departments, Pakistan Navy Hospital Shifa, Karachi Pakistan, from Oct 2019 to Jan 2021.
Methodology: Patients operated in the main operation theatre of our hospital during the study period without any complication fulfilling the exclusion/inclusion criteria, were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups, with Group-A receiving 4mg Dexamethasone and other routine pre-anaesthetic medications. In contrast, Group-B just received the routine pre-anaesthetic medications but no Dexamethasone. An independent assessor assessed post-operative delirium using the Confusion assessment method (CAM).
Results: A total of 250 patients were included in the study, which met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the study participants was 34.419±4.329 years. 27(10.8%) patients showed post-operative delirium, while 223(89.2%) did not show postoperative delirium on the Confusion assessment method. The chi-square test revealed that none of the factors studied, including the administration of pre-operative Dexamethasone, had any statistically significant relationship with the presence or absence of delirium among the target population (p-value >0.05).
Conclusion: Delirium was a fairly common finding in adult patients 24 hours after routine surgical procedures. None of the factors studied, including Dexamethasone, was related to the presence or absence of delirium in our study.
17p Deletion in Patients with De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia and their Clinico-Haematologic Features
Authors: Jalil Saniya , Robert Helen Mary , Malik Hamid Saeed , Abbasi Asad Mehmood , Fatima Sarah , Niaz Hina 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of 17p deletion in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and their clinical-hematologic features using fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place & Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2018 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: All diagnosed cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia of all ages and genders were included. Interphase FISH testing was performed using blood or bone marrow specimens using 10μL of the Meta systems XL p53 probe, and a total of 500 nuclei per assay were analyzed using a fluorescent microscope. Del 17p positivity and negativity were noted. Clinico-haematologic features of the patients with and without del 17p were also noted.
Results: In our targeted population of 84 patients, there were 25(29.8%) females and 59(70.2%) males. The mean age of presentation was 36.3±1.6 years. The mean total leucocyte count(TLC)was 31.2±4.2×109/L, and the mean platelet count was 69.3±4.5×109/L. Del 17p was detected in a total of 8(9.5%) patients. The median age of patients with del 17p at diagnosis was 33 years, the mean TLC was 12.32±10.36x109/L, and the mean platelet count was 80±26.73*109/L. Prominent clinical features among patients with del 17p included fever and pallor.
Conclusion: Our study suggests a relatively low frequency of del 17p in AML (9.5%), which is consistent with international data.
Impact of Gluten on Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Uruj Sana , Ali Muhammad Zafar , Sarwar Natasha , Hussain Amina , Waseem Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To assess the impact of a gluten-free diet on the quality of life of patients managed for irritable bowel syndrome at a tertiary care hospital
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jul 2020 to May 2021.
Methodology: Two hundred patients with irritable bowel syndrome and diagnosed on the basis of Rome-IV criteria were included in this study. They were divided into two groups via a lottery method. Group-1 received treatment as usual, depending upon the type of irritable bowel syndrome. Group-2 received treatment as usual and a gluten-free diet. Quality of life was assessed after one month using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief scale.
Results: Out of 200 patients with irritable bowel syndrome included in the study, 93(46.5%) were male, while 107(53.5%) were female. 125(62.5%) had good quality of life after one month of treatment, while 75(37.5%) had lesser quality of life. Statistical analysis revealed that irritable use of a gluten-free diet had a statistically significant relationship (p-value<0.001) with good quality of life after one month of treatment in study participants.
Conclusion: After one month of treatment, good quality of life was found in many patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The use of a gluten-free diet in addition to treatment, as usual, was associated with good quality of life than routine treatment in these patients.
Efficacy of Glargine Insulin Compared with Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes not Controlled with Oral Hypoglycemics: A Cohort Study
Authors: Bilal Ebtihal , Burney Shamaila , Sajid Muhammad Usman , Shaukat Nabila , Farooq Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Glargine Insulin with Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) Insulin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes with oral hypoglycemic.
Study Design: Prospective cohort study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Jul 2021.
Methodology: All patients aged 30-70 years of either gender, presented with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus on oral hypoglycemic for ≥1 year were enrolled. Patients were divided into Insulin Glargine and injection NPH subcutaneously by lottery method. In both groups, patients were compared for a reduction in HbA1c level after three months of treatment with Insulin. The efficacy was achieved after three months based on a>1% HbA1c level reduction compared to baseline HbA1c.
Results: The efficacy of Glargine Insulin was found to be significantly higher, 66(66%), as compared to NPH Insulin, 43(43%) (p-value = 0.002). After adjusting for all other covariates, the efficacy of Glargine Insulin was 3.81 times higher as compared to NPH Insulin (aOR 3.81, 95% CI 1.93-7052). Furthermore, efficacy was 6.95 times higher in patients with ≤25 kg/m2 BMI (aOR 6.95, 95% CI 3.16-15.30), 2.52 times higher in patients with ≤16 years of type 2 diabetes (aOR 2.52, 95% CI 1.30-4.87), 2.77 times higher in patients living in urban areas (aOR 2.77, 95% CI 1.43-5.36).
Conclusion: The efficacy of Glargine Insulin was found to be considerably higher than NPH Insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled with oral hypoglycemia.Keywords: Efficacy, Glargine insulin, NPH insulin, Type 2 diabetes.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia with Intra-Articular Steroid Injection versus Manipulation under Anesthesia in Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder in terms of Functional Outcome
Authors: Munshi Naseem , Khalid Muhammad , Aziz Sobia , Abid Khadijah 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the outcome between manipulation under anaesthesia with intra-articular steroid injection in patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis.
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study
Place and Duration of Study: Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Sep 2019 to Feb 2020.
Methodology: A total of 70 patients diagnosed with primary ACS were distributed into two groups, i.e., Group-M (35 in manipulation under anaesthesia only) and Group-MI (35 in manipulation under anaesthesia with an intra-articular steroid injection). All patients were assessed for shoulder pain and disability index along with the pain severity on the visual analogue scale at each subsequent visit on the first week, 1st, third and sixth months after the intervention.
Results: The results indicated a significant time effect (p=0.001) in both groups. The mean shoulder pain, disability index and pain on the visual analogue scale were lesser in the MI-Group than in the M-Group. Further, we found a statistically significant difference in mean shoulder pain (p=0.001) and disability index (p=0.016) between groups at six months.
Conclusion: In the initial post-procedure period and over six months of follow-up, MI showed improved outcomes than M. These patients require additional counselling and motivation for long-term physical therapy programs even after intervention for optimal results.Keywords: Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, Intra-articular steroid injection, Manipulation under anaesthesia
Comparison of Survival Analysis of COVID-19 Patients with Known Diabetes
Authors: Bashir Saira , Malik Sarwar , Khan Gohar , Ul Islam Fasih 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the survival rate of COVID-19 patients with diabetes versus without diabetes COVID-19 patients.
Study Design: Comparative, prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: The patients were selected from the special ward established for COVID-19 patients came in Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Dec 2020 to May 2021.
Methodology: 50 without diabetes (control) and 50 with diabetes (study) confirm cases of COVID-19 patients, who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the study through consecutive sampling. Independent sample t test, chi square test and Kaplan-Meire survival analysis was used to compile the results.
Results: Out of 100 majority 75 patients were male. The average age of the patients was 52.08±14.85 years. Both the groups were equal with respect of gender with p-value >0.05. The average age of the patient was significantly higher in study group with p-value <0.001. Overall percentage of patients of oxygen dependency, mechanical ventilation required, and use of Angiotension receptor inhibitor were higher in study group as compared to the control group patients with p-value <0.001. The survival rate was lower in study group as compared to the control group but the difference was not significant with pvalue >0.05.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 patients with diabetes, need extra care and attention before and after infection in the current COVID-19 pandemic. They are at higher risk and with respect of prolong hospital stay due to severe attack of COVID-19 and also higher risk of mortality too.
Efficacy and Toxicity of Hypofractionated Palliative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer Patients with Skin Invasion
Authors: Maqsood Talha , Zeb Adnan , Alvi Zeeshan Ahmed , Hussain Sameed , Wajid Muhammad Imran , Riaz Omer 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of palliative radiotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer patients with skin invasion.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Radiotherapy Department Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Jan 2019 to Jun 2020.
Methodology: Patients who received palliative radiotherapy for the breast cancer and received radiation of 24 Gray in 3 fractions to the breast/ chest wall were included. Radiation toxicity was assessed using RTOG criteria as the primary outcome of the study. Radiotherapy efficacy in controlling bleeding/discharge and improving pain and odour scores were the secondary outcomes.
Results: Twelve (80%) patients reported improvement in pain, 13/18(72.2) patients reported improvement in bleeding and 24/25 (96%) patients a decrease in pain level (p-value < 0.001). 11/25(44%) developed Grade-2 skin toxicity, and 8/25 (32%) developed Grade-3 skin toxicity. No patient experienced Grade-4 skin toxicity.
Conclusion: Our study has shown that hypofractionated radiotherapy is effective and safe for palliation of patients with locally advanced breast cancer and skin invasion.
Surgical Excision: An Effective Modality for Intradermal Melanocytic Nevus
Authors: Tahir Moizza , Ahmed Najia , Javaid Sidiqua , Malik Sadia , Rahman Atiya , Iqbal Shahid 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of fusiform surgical excision of intradermal melanocytic nevus and to document the aesthetic outcome of post-excisional surgical scar.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujranwala Pakistan, from Apr to Oct 2021.
Methodology: Patients with intradermal melanocytic nevus were enrolled after informed consent. Close-up photographs of the nevus and the site post-excision were taken. Local anaesthesia was injected with 2% Lignocaine with Adrenaline under aseptic measures. An elliptical incision with scalpel blade-15 was made around the nevus. The length of the incision was almost three times its width. Nevus and the involved tissue were removed to its full depth. A visual analogue scale was used to assess the scar cosmesis.
Results: A total of 37 intradermal melanocytic nevi, were included in the study. The size of the intradermal melanocytic nevus ranged from 0.5-2cm with a duration of 3-10 years. The mean visual analogue scar scale on day 5 of surgical excision was 7.23±1.423, and on day seven was 5.37±0.575. Surgical sutures were removed on day 5 in 13(35.1%) cases and day-7 in 24(64.9%) cases.
Conclusion: Surgical excision is an effective treatment modality for intradermal melanocytic nevus.
Bone Mineral Density in Symptomatic Patients with Comparison to Asymptomatic Patients
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad , Zaheer Sidra 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate bone mineral density in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Department, Pakistan Naval Ship, Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Aug 2017 to Aug 2019.
Methodology: The symptomatic individuals included in this study were those referred by a treating physician with complaints related to the skeletal system, such as bone pain. Asymptomatic individuals that were included were volunteers who had no symptoms related to bones. These individuals were evaluated by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
Results: Five hundred twenty-nine individuals were included. Our study showed that the percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 39.61% and 37% in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, respectively. These observations show that asymptomatic patients also suffer from osteopenia and osteoporosis. The percentage of asymptomatic patients suffering from osteopenia and osteoporosis was 2.0% and 35%, respectively.
Conclusion: The frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis is increasing in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in Pakistan. An alarming fact is that most of these positive asymptomatic patients are below 50 years.
Urdu Translation and Cross-Cultural Validation of Mood Disorder Questionnaire on Patient Engaging in Self-Harm
Authors: Yaqoob Naila , Ahsan Sadaf 
Published: October 2023

Objective: to translate Mood Disorder Questionnaire and examine cross-cultural validation and estimate the reliability of the Urdu translated scale.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Foundation University, Rawalpindi , from Jun to Sep 2020.
Methodology: Forty patients with self-harm, aged 18 to 35 years, were recruited from different Mental Health Departments of Rawalpindi, Multan and Jhelum hospitals. The study was conducted in two phases. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire was translated into Urdu using Brislin 1970 guidelines in Phase-I. In Phase-II, cross-language validation was conducted through test-retest Cronbach alpha reliability estimation and item-total correlations.
Results: Current research revealed that the Urdu-Group had higher correlation coefficients (α=0.80) than English-EnglishGroup (α=0.78) with acceptable Cronbach alpha reliabilities ranging between -1 to +1. Moreover, a significant positive item correlation (p<0.01) was found with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire composite score.
Conclusion: Current research findings established that the Urdu-translated version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire was reliable and valid in Pakistani culture.
The Pattern of COVID-19-related Pneumonitis on High-Resolution Computed Tomography Chest in Post-Vaccination Patients
Authors: Ullah Hidayat , Saleem Humaira , Mahmood Rashid , Afzal Tayyaba , Saleem Rabia , Mahmood Asad 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To find the changing radiological pattern of COVID-19 on HRCT chest in vaccinated patients.
Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Sialkot Pakistan, from Jan to Feb 2022.
Methodology: All patients referred for High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest were included. All participants underwent HRCT chest after recording the demographic data. Computed tomography (CT) images were reviewed by an experienced radiologist for pulmonary involvement and determining the computed tomography severity score, which ranged from 0-40 points.
Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 35.8±13.2 years. The number of partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated patients, and those with booster doses were 10(11.1%), 62(68.9%) and 18(20%), respectively. Patients with normal or non-specific findings on HRCT were 74(82.2%), and those with findings suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonitis were 16 (17.8%). The mean CT severity score among positive cases was 4.69±8.01, while the most frequent pulmonary finding was ground glass opacities found in 11(68.8%) cases.
Conclusion: Vaccination reduces the frequency and severity of pulmonary involvement in cases with breakthrough COVID-19 though the presentation of the disease and pattern of the pulmonary involvement does not show much change.
Comparison between Polypropylene Suture and Skin Staples for Securing Mesh in Lichtenstein Inguinal Hernioplasty
Authors: Bukhari Usman Shah , Ali Aamir , Ilyas Sohail , Pervaiz Hafiz Khalid , Shahid Farooq , Durrani Kamran 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare Polypropylene suture versus skin Staples for securing the mesh in patients undergoing Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty in terms of operative time, post-operative wound infections and pain.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Surgical Department, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Dec 2018 to Jun 2020.
Methodology: A total of 220 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia were included in the study and divided into two equal groups of 110 patients each and were assigned either to the Polypropylene-Group or the Staples-Group. All the patients underwent Lichtenstein hernioplasty on the elective operation list. Both groups were compared regarding operative time, post-operative pain and wound infections.
Results: The mean operative time was 58.8±3.31 minutes in the Polypropylene-Group vs. 49.87±2.67 minutes in the StaplesGroup. The mean post-operative pain score was 2.73±2.07 in the Polypropylene-Group and 1.95±2.18 in the Staples-Group. Wound infection was observed in 26 patients (23.64%) of the Polypropylene-Group vs. eight patients (7.27%) of the StaplesGroup, respectively, (p<0.001).
Conclusion: In patients undergoing Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty, skin staples are better than Polypropylene sutures for securing mesh. Staple application is a swift and painless procedure with lesser post-operative pain and less frequency of wound infections.