bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in lectin binding patterns in the developing pulmonary vasculature of the pig lung
Authors: Mills Adrian N. , Haworth Sheila G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLectin binding patterns to the developing pulmonary vasculature were studied in 10 Large White pigs aged 1 min to 1 week and in three adult animals. Paraffin‐embedded tissue sections were exposed to eight lectin peroxidase conjugates: Dolichos biflorus, Triticum vulgaris, Concanavalin A, Ricinus communis type 2, Arachis hypogaea, Ricinus communis type 1, Tetragonolobus purpureas and Ulex europeus. Lectin binding patterns to the pulmonary arterial and venous endothelium, to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and to the arterial connective tissue were age‐related. Changes occurred during the first week of life and between 1 week and adult life. Neither the endothelial binding patterns in the adult nor the SMC patterns in the immature and adult lung conformed to known morphological differences between the different segments of the arterial and venous pathways. Heterogeneity for endothelial binding was seen in the immature lung. These studies indicate biochemical differences in surface structure between the endothelium, SMCs and connective tissue of the immature and mature lung. Ultrastructural localization of the lectins in the vasculature of the developing animal lung ought to help interpret similar data obtained on the vessels of the immature human pulmonary hypertensive lung using lectins which show similar binding patterns in both species.
Variation in the argyrophil cell population of the rectum in ulcerative colitis and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gledhill Ann , Enticott Michael E. , Howe Stephen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLongstanding ulcerative colitis predisposes to carcinoma of the colon. Argyrophil cell hyperplasia has been observed in association with dysplasia and neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. As the argyrophil cell population includes those cells producing enteroglucagon, a hormone thought to stimulate mucosal proliferation, this study was designed to determine whether there was any consistent variation in the argyrophil cell population in longstanding ulcerative colitis. Argyrophil cells were demonstrated by the Grimelius method of silver impregnation in sections of non‐tumour bearing mucosa from the rectosigmoid colon of normal bowel, ulcerative colitics with and without tumour, and mucosa adjacent to, and distant from, carcinoma arising in otherwise normal bowel. Cell numbers were expressed as ratios of argyrophil cells per crypt, per mm of epithelium, and per mm of underlying muscularis mucosae. There was marked individual variation within all groups in all parameters. Between groups, the only significant difference was an increase in argyrophil cells per crypt in ulcerative colitis. The significance of this finding is discussed.
An experimental study into the cause of acute haemorrhagic gastritis in cirrhosis
Authors: Shibayama Yuro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo clarify the role of endotoxaemia and congestion of the stomach in the development of acute haemorrhagic gastritis in cirrhotic patients and to investigate the mechanisms of gastric mucosal haemorrhage, the present study was undertaken using rats. Congestion of the stomach was produced by the ligation of gastric veins. Congestion of the stomach or endotoxaemia could not produce gastric mucosal haemorrhage by itself. However, petechial haemorrhage was induced when endotoxin was given to the rats with congestion of the stomach, and the gastric mucosal haemorrhage was largely prevented by administration of gabexate mesilate, an anti‐kallikrein drug. Administration of bromelain, which releases prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen, instead of endotoxin, also induced gastric mucosal haemorrhage. These findings suggest that the cause of acute haemorrhagic gastritis may be the coexistence of endotoxaemia and congestion of the stomach due to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The mechanisms of the haemorrhage may be as follows: Endotoxin‐induced bradykinin acts on the dilated capillaries and small veins in the mucosa and markedly increases their permeability.
Desmin‐containing stellate cells in rat liver; distribution in normal animals and response to experimental acute liver injury
Authors: Burt Alastair D. , Robertson James L. , Heir Jane , Macsween Roderick N. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing immunhistochemical methods, we have confirmed that the perisinusoidal cells in rat liver express the intermediate filament protein, desmin, and we have used this marker for identification of the cells on light microscopy. The study has been extended to quantify the response of perisinusoidal cells to acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. A significant increase in desmin‐positive cells was observed in areas of necrosis as early as 48 h following the administration of a single bolus of carbon tetrachloride. This reached a peak at 72 h, with a five‐fold increase in desmin‐positive cells in areas of necrosis. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that perisinusoidal cells are involved in the response to acute liver injury. Anti‐desmin antibodies are of potential value in further characterizing the functional role of perisinusoidal cells in normal and diseased liver.
DNA flow cytometry of human breast carcinomas and its relationship to transferrin and epidermal growth factor receptors
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. , Camplejohn Richard S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of transferrin and epidermal growth factor receptors in breast carcinomas, as detected by immunohistochemistry, has been compared with DNA ploidy and S‐phase content of the same tumours as determined by DNA flow cytometry of fixed, paraffin embedded tissue, and with tumour differentiation. Good correlations have been found between DNA ploidy, S‐phase content and differentiation. The expression of transferrin receptor appears to relate to DNA ploidy, but only to a limited extent to S‐phase content, indicating that in breast carcinomas immunoreactive transferrin receptor may not be directly related to proliferation. The presence of epidermal growth factor receptor shows a close correlation with high S‐phase content, but only a lesser association with DNA ploidy, and no correlation with tumour differentiation. DNA flow cytometry provides a more reliable method of assessing the relationship of such growth factor receptors in breast carcinomas to cell proliferation, than that obtained from more subjective tumour grading criteria.
Characterization of two cell lines, derived from two malignant fibrous histiocytomas
Authors: Roholl P. J. M. , Kleyne J. , Van Blokland M. , Spies P. L. , Rutgers D. H. , Albus‐Lutter Ch. E. , Van Unnik J. A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have investigated the phenotype and ultrastructure of tumour cells from two cell lines each derived from a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) as a means of studying the histogenesis of this group of tumours. The first MFH (MFH‐I) was of the pleomorphic subtype, with a predominantly histiocytic appearance, the second was of the pleomorphic subtype associated with myxoid and storiform areas (MFH‐II). In vitro tumour cells from both neoplasms showed aberrant growth properties. Xenografts in nude mice from both neoplasms showed a similar histology to that of the original tumour. Both tumours showed hyaluronidase sensitive alcian blue staining. Phenotypic studies of the two cell lines and of the tumour tissues demonstrated that the cells differed in the presence of collagen types I and III. They did not show evidence of histiocytic, endothelial, leiomyoblastic, rhabdomyoblastic, lipoblastic of schwannian origin. Ultrastructurally, the two cell lines were found to be different. In vitro and in xenografts the cell type of MFH‐I resembled a primitive mesenchymal cell. Whereas that of MFH‐II resembled a fibroblast‐like cell. We concluded that the group of MFH is heterogeneous and is probably derived from more than one progenitor cell.
Lectin histochemistry of galactose and N‐acetyl‐galactosamine glycoconjugates in normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer and the relationship with ABO and secretor status
Authors: Macartney J. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histochemical binding of four lectin‐peroxidase conjugates to normal human gastric mucosa and gastric carcinoma is described. The lectins were peanut agglutinin (PNA) which is specific for galactose residues and soy bean agglutinin (SBA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) which are specific for N‐acetylgalactosamine. Binding of PNA to surface mucous cells or normal gastric mucosa occurred in non‐secretors but not secretors and was independent of ABO blood group at all sites. PNA binding was unrelated to the immunohistochemical demonstration of Thomsen‐Friedenreich (T) antigen. DBA and HPA bound selectively to surface mucous cells in normal gastric mucosa from group A secretors but binding at other sites was independent of ABO status. SBA binding showed no relationship with blood group or secretor status. In gastric cancers the major finding was the occurrence of extensive masking of lectin binding sites by sialic acid which was not seen in normal mucosa. Sialic acid masking was most marked with PNA and least marked with DBA. There was no correlation between lectin binding patterns and the stage or differentiation of tumours. Results are consistent with in vitro studies demonstrating increased sialation of membrane glycoproteins following malignant transformation. Difficulties in interpreting the histochemical demonstration of lectin binding in terms of specific glycoconjugates are discussed.
A study of intermediate lobe differentiation in the human pituitary gland
Authors: McNicol Anne M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe immunohistochemical demonstration of neurofilament (NF) polypeptide was used to identify nerves in a series of 17 pituitary adenomas. NF‐positive fibres were present in two out of five corticotroph adenomas sited deep in the anterior lobe, in one out of five sited in the intermediate zone and in two out of seven non‐corticotroph adenomas. Such nerve fibres were often seen in relation to blood vessels. The distribution of α‐MSH immunoreactive cells was examined in 25 normal pituitaries and in 23 cases of Cushing's disease. Such cells were scattered throughout the normal gland and there was no increase in numbers in pregnancy. α‐MSH was demonstrated in 18 corticotroph adenomas in Cushing's disease. There was no correlation with the site of the tumour or the presence of nerve fibres. α‐MSH cells were distributed normally in the para‐adenomatous gland. Crooke's hyaline change and α‐MSH coexisted in some corticotrophs. These findings support the concept that ‘intermediate lobe’ function, as found in animals, has no discrete anatomical location in man.
The Kupffer cell in experimental extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat—a light microscopy, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy study
Authors: Collier D. St. John , Pain James A. , Wight Derek G. D. , Lovat Penny , Bailey Michael E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractKupffer cell phagocytic function is reduced in the prescence of obstructive jaundice. To investigate possible mechanisms we report a study of the rat liver in extrahepatic cholestasis, using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, Immunohistochemistry was performed with monoclonal antibodies specific for rat Kupffer cells ED 1, ED 2 and ED 3 and monoclonal antibodies directed against class II antigens of the rat major histocompatability complex Ox 3 and Ox 6. Extrahepatic cholestasis was produced by bile duct ligation. In bile duct ligated animals light microscopy showed proliferation of bile ductules and an increase in sinusoidal cells. Immunohistochemistry with ED 1, ED 2 and ED 3 demonstrated a marked increase in the number of positive cells, but few of these cells were positive with Ox 3 and Ox 6, whereas the proliferating bile ductules were strongly positive. Electron microscopy revealed two homogenous granular substances within the sinusoidal lumen and loss of the space of Disse. Despite a reduction in Kupffer cell phagocytic function in obstructive jaundice there is an increase in Kupffer cells, but these cells appear to be in an inactivated state as few express class II antigens on their surface. Furthermore the granular substance within the space of Disse may interfere with function.
Haematogenous metastastic patterns in colonic carcinoma: An analysis of 1541 necropsies
Authors: Weiss L. , Grundmann E. , Torhorst J. , Hartveit F. , Moberg I. , Eder M. , Fenoglio‐Preiser C. M. , Napier J. , Horne C. H. W. , Lopez M. J. , Shaw‐Dunn R. I. , Sugar J. , Davies J. D. , Day D. W. , Harlos J. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe sequence of events in haematogenous metastasis from colonic carcinoma was analysed, using 1541 necropsy reports from 16 centres. The findings are consistent with the cascade hypothesis that metastases develop in discrete steps, first in the liver, next in the lungs and finally, in other sites. Deviations of necropsy findings from the cascade model are largely explained on the basis of false negative reports. In only 216 of 1194 cases was there suggestive evidence that metastatic patterns (excluding lymph nodes) were causally related to lymphatic or non‐haematogenous pathways.The incidence of metastatic involvement in ‘other’ (quaternary) sites correlated with target organ blood‐flow (ml min‐) per g, only when bone marrow and thyroid were excluded. In the thyroid the incidence was lower than expected on the basis of blood flow per g tissue; this may indicate that the thyroid is an unfavourable site for metastatic growth of colonic carcinoma. In the bone marrow it is higher; the latter may be due to delivery of cancer cells via both arterial blood and the vertebral venous plexus. Recognition of this pattern of metastases in the bone marrow could be important with respect of diagnosis and therapy, in patients with colonic carcinoma.
T‐zone lymphoma with predominance of ‘plasmacytoid T‐cells’ associated with myelomonocytic leukaemia—a distinct clinicopathological entity
Authors: Beiske Klaus , Langholm Ruth , Godal Tore , Marton Per F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper we present a further case of a new clinicopathological entity combining a rare type of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with a myelomonocytic leukaemia. The characteristic feature of the lymphoma is massive infiltration of the T‐zones of lymph nodes by plasmacytoid cells originally described by Lennert1 in non‐specific lymphadenitis. Two lymphoma cases of this type have recently been published, by Müller‐Hermelink et al.2 who named the cells ‘plasmacytoid T‐cells’ (PTC), and by Prasthofer et al.3 These three cases have similar clinical and pathological features and appear to form a distinct clinicopathological entity. In contrast to the two previously published cases the present lymphoma also contained irregular lymphoid cells accompanying the PTC in the lymph node lesion and focally infiltrating the bone marrow. An accumulation of polytypic IgG positive plasma cells was observed in the remaining lymph node follicles. Immunohistological analysis with a range of monoclonal antibodies showed the PTC of our case to be CD5(T1) +, CD4(T4) +, CD3(T3)‐, CD8(T8)−, CD2(T11)−, and CD25(TAC)−, but HLA‐DR + and transferrin receptor positive. The nature of this peculiar lymphoid lesion and its relationship to myelomonocytic leukaemia are discussed.
The pathogenesis and biochemistry of amyloidosis
Authors: Cohen Alan S. , Connors Lawreen Heller 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe transformation of serum proteins into Congo red‐sensitive fibrillar material is requisite for the onset and progression of amyloid disease. All the mechanisms which lead to the disease itself have not been elucidated, but our knowledge has increased significantly. It is apparent that in all types of amyloid fibrils, three common features are displayed by the major protein constituents. These are that the fibril protein has (1) a serum precursor, (2) a high degree of anti‐parallel beta‐sheet conformation and (3) a distinctive ultrastructure on electron microscopy. In the AL and AA forms of amyloidosis, the putative precursors appear to undergo limited degradation to form the protein component of amyloid fibrils. It has been suggested that there may be certain primary structural characteristics inherent in precursor molecules which make them amyloidogenic, thus predisposing them to amyloid fibril formation.33 This would include certain subtypes of immunoglobulin light chains, possibly kappa I and lambda VI, in the AL type of amyloidosis and one of the polymorphic SAA species, SAA2, which has been identified as the predominating isotype found in AA amyloid fibrils.32,33,110 In AH amyloidosis, the mechanism of amyloid fibril formation appears to be simply a concentration phenomenon where elevated concentrations of B2‐M are not handled normally and amyloid deposition is the result. Amyloidogenesis in the hereditary form of systemic amyloidosis may involve other factors in addition to the presence of a variant precursor prealbumin as indicated by the delayed onset of the disease. It is evident that the elucidation of the mechanism(s) which governs the onset and progression of the amyloidoses will allow future regulation and treatment of these all too often complex disorders.
Elastosis in breast carcinoma: I. Immunohistochemical characterization of elastic fibres
Authors: Mera S. L. , Davies J. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractElastosis associated with invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas of the breast was examined by tinctorial and immunohistochemical staining methods, enzyme digestion, and electron microscopy. The elastotic material exhibited the tinctorial staining properties of elastic fibres, and the ultrastructural appearances were those of elastic fibres although there was a higher proportion of microfibrils than in normal mature elastic fibres. The elastosis was immunostained by antisera to human fetal elastin, lysozyme and amyloid P component, as in other sites where elastic fibres are found. These findings indicate that immunohistochemically intact elastic fibres are present in the elastosis of breast cancer. They also demonstrate that lysozyme and amyloid P component are co‐distributed with elastic fibres in elastosis of breast carcinoma, as distinct components with different susceptibilities to enzyme digestion. The cellular origin of elastosis in breast carcinoma remains uncertain.
Nucleolar organizer regions in lymphomas
Authors: Crocker J. , Nar Paramjit 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a silver staining technique, nucleolar organizer region‐associated proteins (Ag‐NORs) have been studied in paraffin sections of 90 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, five palatine tonsils and five ‘reactive’ lymph nodes. The method was readily applicable to these preparations and the Ag‐NORs were enumerated with ease. A significant difference was found between the numbers of Ag‐NORs in the nuclei of low‐grade lymphomas (from a mean of 1 to 1·5 per nucleus) and those of high‐grade lymphomas (a mean of 4·4 to 6·8 per nucleus). The Ag‐NOR regions were often observed in nuclei in areas where nucleoli themselves were not visible. It is suggested that this method, previously largely the province of the cytogeneticist, should find widespread applications in the field of tumour histopathology.
Effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on renal morphology in experimental diabetes. I. Blood glucose levels, body size, kidney weight and glomerulo‐tubular morphometry
Authors: Mayhew Terry M. , Sharma Ashutosh K. , McCallum Kenneth N. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObservations have been made over a period of 16 weeks on three groups of rats: controls, untreated streptozotocin‐diabetics and diabetics treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Good control of circadian and diurnal blood glucose levels was achieved in the insulin‐treated diabetics.Body weights and tibial lengths were reduced in untreated diabetics and improved, but not normalized, by insulin therapy. Kidney weights were similar in all groups.Glomerular size and number, tubule volume, glomerular basement membrane volume and surface area were essentially the same in all groups. However, the untreated diabetics possessed tubules of larger diameter and shorter length than those in controls. Both variables were preserved at normal values by insulin infusion therapy.These results illustrate the value of early blood glucose control for preventing at least some of the structural alterations associated with experimental diabetic nephropathy.
Effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on renal morphology in experimental diabetes. II. Glomerular basement membrane thickness
Authors: Mayhew Terry M. , Sharma Ashutosh K. , McCallum Kenneth N. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStereological studies were performed on renal glomeruli from control rats, untreated streptozotocin‐diabetic rats and diabetics treated by subcutaneous infusion of insulin for 16 weeks. Estimates of glomerular basement membrane thickness were obtained by dividing membrane volume by membrane surface area. In addition, arithmetic and harmonic mean thicknesses were calculated from orthogonal intercept lengths, and used to provide information on the variability of basement membrane thickness.In untreated diabetics, both arithmetic and harmonic mean thicknesses were significantly greater than values found in control animals. The thickening of the basement membrane appeared to be generalized rather than markedly focal. All thickness variables were normalized by insulin infusion therapy.These findings underline the importance of good glycaemic control and early intervention in experimental diabetes and one of its main complications.
Role of macrophages in mesothelial healing
Authors: Fotev Z. , Whitaker D. , Papadimitriou J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe role of macrophages in rat mesothelial healing was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. In animals whose circulating monocytes were severely depressed, the healing rate was retarded; however, this effect was partly reversed by the introduction of macrophages into the injured site, suggesting that macrophages are of fundamental importance in the healing of mesothelial wounds. Furthermore, it was found that wound exudates stimulated DNA synthesis in normal quiescent mesothelial cells and the component principally responsible for this activity was the macrophage. Cultured macrophage‐conditioned media also induced an increase in mesothelial replication. Moreover, the mitogenic activity present in both wound exudates and macrophage‐conditioned media was increased by dialysis and diminished by heating at 80°C for 1 h. The putative mesothelial mitogenic factor in the supernatant of wound exudates and macrophage cell cultures has a molecular size greater than 7000 dalton and is stable after mild heating (60°C, 1 h). It is postulated that exudate macrophages secrete mitogenic factor(s) which stimulate mesothelial proliferation, and initiate healing.