bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENOCIDE AND ETHNIC CLEANSING OR ABOUT DISPOSITION RELATION BETWEEN ONE INTERNATIONAL-CRIMINAL ACT AND ONE SOCIOLOGICAL-POLITICAL SCIENCE CONCEPT
Authors: V. Šuvaković Uroš , M. Rakić Branko 
Published: February 2024

Genocide is the most severe criminal act in the international law that is determined by the Genocide Convention; there is no criminal act that is legally codified as ethnic cleansing, but it is a media and sociological-political science concept that, starting from the ‘80s of the 20th century, collectively implicate large number of individually codified crimes that are determined in the international criminal legislation as crimes against humanity and war crimes. According to Lemkin, the concept of genocide is significantly wider even in regard to the concept of ethnic cleansing, since it implicates a wide scale of measures committed against a national minority, with intent to destroy it, considering not only biological and physical destruction, but including them also. In any case, there must be a dolus specialis, which according to Lemkin consists of destroying one national group in various aspects of its identity, while according to the Genocide Convention it consists exclusively of physical and biological extermination of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group.
Ethnic cleansing, as comprehended in sociological-political science interpretations, primarily denotes forced actions with the aim of creating ethnical monolithic territories. The actions are not directed to physical and biological extermination of an “undesirable ethnic group” in a territory, but as forced actions are directed to the leaving of the territory and may implicate also war crimes and crimes against humanity, but cannot be reduced only to them. In that sense, dolus specialis would be creation of an ethnically homogenous territory and this would make a difference from the genocide if this concept were legally codified. Besides, ethnic cleansing must be connected with the concept of ethnic group.
NOTARY FORM CONTRACTS WHICH WILL HAVE EFFECT WITHIN THE INHERITANCE LAW
Authors: Martinović Ivana 
Published: February 2024

By introducing the Notary Law in the legal framework of Montenegro, the notary form has been imposed as a mandatory condition for contract validity which will have inheritance effect (Contract for passing and distribution of the property amongst spouse and lineal descendants, Contract for life-long maintenance). All above comes from the fact that these specific contracts create complex relations and their conclusion can have tremendous consequences for contractual parties. The goal was to provide a high degree of legal protection for the parties in the national legislation.
Subject of this work was regulation of contracts arising from inheritance law, participation of Notary in creating such regulations and regulation of Montenegrin legislator.
Montenegrin legislator regulated these issues within the Law of Obligation and Law on Notaries in a way that some provisions which address the same issue regarding the notary form are different. All of this is unacceptable, having in mind the legal and political goal of the notary form as a mandatory condition for the validity of the contract and also renouncement of the consensually principle. More precisely, Montenegrin legislator made more complex the already specific contracts which have effect within the inheritance law.
Knowledge, Awareness And Practice Of Digital Orthodontics Among Orthodontists And Orthodontic Residents – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: K Ashwanthi , B Prabhavathy , S Reshma , A Jyosthna 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a revolution in the use of technology across all fields, including medicine and dentistry. Significant technological advancements are being made in the field of orthodontics, which have enhanced patient and practitioner experience overall. This study aimed to assess knowledge, awareness, and practice of digital orthodontics among orthodontists and orthodontic residents through a questionnaire.
Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data using 20 questionnaires (pretested and prevalidated) by the experts. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic information (5 questions) and a section asking about knowledge (9 questions), awareness (5 questions), and practice (6 questions) about digital orthodontics. The Final sample size was 360. Following content validation, the completed questionnaire was forwarded over social media platforms to the Orthodontic Study Group and distributed to orthodontists and orthodontic residents, and responses were collected. The data was assembled, organized, and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS, IBM version 20.0. A chi-square test was performed for the quantitative variables.
Results: The findings showed that most participants were aware about digital orthodontics, and they also showed a promising trend towards incorporating digital orthodontics into routine clinical practice. A statistically significant difference was present regarding the knowledge about digital orthodontics between males and females (p value=0.024).
Conclusion: Orthodontic Residents and orthodontists demonstrated a positive attitude, acceptable knowledge, a good outlook and little experience with digital orthodontics.
influence of the library and the school literacy movement on students' learning interest in the Gangsa primary school
Authors: Sopianda  , Riady Yasir 
Published: February 2024

Background: The library is a supporting tool in increasing students' interest in learning.
Purpose: This study describes the influence of the library and the implementation of the school literacy movement at SDN Gangsa on students' interest in learning, which consists of habituation, development and learning and the obstacles at Gangsa State Elementary School.
Design and methods: The research method applied in this research is a quantitative research method. The research was carried out by observing data on the number of library visitors at the school.
Results: The research results show that the implementation of the school literacy movement has been running. However, there are still obstacles to its implementation, such as problems with the time for implementing literacy activities, lack of reading collections, lack of teacher commitment in carrying out habitual reading activities in the library and the classroom, and changes in policy from the school principal. The importance of literacy habits for students. The presence of a library and literacy movement at Gangsa State Elementary School greatly influences students' interest in learning. This can be seen from the increasing interest of students in visiting the library to read. Data on library visitors after the literacy movement was implemented at the Gangsa State Elementary School, increased by 60% from before the literacy movement was implemented at the school, and it is hoped that the presence of the library and the literacy movement implemented can increase students' interest in learning on an ongoing basis.
Apontamentos sobre o conceito de essência humana em Marxismo e Antropologia, de György Márkus
Authors: Pinheiro Filipe Leite 
Published: February 2024

Primeiro livro de György Márkus (1934-2016) voltado ao público internacional, Marxismo e Antropologia: o conceito de ‘essência humana’ na filosofia de Marx é uma referência incontornável no debate marxista sobre o tema. Neste artigo situo o texto de Márkus na produção da Escola de Budapeste, grupo de intelectuais organizados em torno de György Lukács ao longo dos anos 1960, exploro a sua relação com a reflexão do Lukács maduro, e a partir de elementos mobilizados desta reflexão apresento uma reapreciação crítica de Marxismo e Antropologia. Como principais conclusões, destaco o conceito de substância móvel subjacente à caracterização de essência humana presente em ambos os autores, além do fato da extrapolação das tendências de desenvolvimento do ser social tipificadas por Lukács apontarem para a caracterização do ser humano como ser natural, social, consciente e tendencialmente universal proposta por Márkus. Assim espero contribuir para avançar em uma compreensão adequada da relação entre a obra de Márkus e a Escola de Budapeste e mapear os ecos da influência de seu mentor Lukács.
Exploring The Implications And Opportunities Of The Transformation Of University Modalities With The Incorporation Of Chatgpt In Higher Education
Authors: Torres Arnaldo Yana , Huanca Milthon Quispe , Apaza Fritz Willy Mamani , Apaza Jackeline Flores 
Published: February 2024

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variables ChatGPT, University Modalities and Higher Education. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the year 2023, achieving the identification of 71 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures, categorizing the information by Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors on the proposed topic is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, the United States with 13 publications were the countries with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions in that nation. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material related to the study of ChatGPT, University Modalities and Higher Education was Social Sciences with 53 publications, which were presented through theories associated with the area of Computer Science, and the most used Publication Type during the period indicated above were Journal Articles with 73% of the total scientific production.
Kekosongan Hukum Terhadap Sosialisasi Pemilihan Legislatif Dan Pemilihan Presiden Yang Berkedok Kampanye
Authors: S Laurensius Arliman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Indonesia has undergone various stages in the development of its democracy, one of which is the General Election. The phenomenon that has emerged today is the lack of clarity in the law regarding the socialization of legislative and presidential elections, which is sometimes disguised as campaign activities. The existing legal vacuum results in a lack of supervision over this kind of outreach, which can affect the integrity of elections and make it difficult for the public to differentiate between outreach and campaign activities. This research uses normative legal research methods, which explore and analyze applicable legal norms, including the Election Law and related regulations, as well as examining related cases that have been held previously. The research results show that the KPU plays a role in regulating and supervising the implementation of elections, including supervising campaign and outreach activities that have the potential to damage the rules. Bawaslu, as an independent monitoring institution, has an important role in monitoring violations during the election process, including in terms of socialization disguised as a campaign. The results of the second research, in order to strengthen democracy and election integrity, joint efforts by the KPU and Bawaslu to supervise socialization are essential to maintain a legitimate and fair election process. Regional governments, as implementers of elections at the local level, must also play a role in supervising socialization in their areas. Installing an APK under the guise of APS is a violation of Regional Regulations so that the regional institution executing it is the Civil Service Police Unit, where controlling socialization props that are considered illegal or violating can be carried out according to the authority of the institution concerned referring to the Regional Regulation. With this joint effort, we can minimize the potential for legal vacuum and promote an election process that is transparent, fair, and in accordance with democratic principles.
La propuesta catalana para gravar las emisiones del transporte marítimo: ¿una nueva oleada de impuestos propios?
Authors: Salassa Boix Rodolfo 
Published: February 2024

Maritime transport is essential for the economy, transporting people and goods in a massive and efficient way, but it is also a growing and varied source of pollution. Considering that nowadays taxes on shipping emissions are very unusual at international, State, and regional level, but that at the same time there is a growing international concern about this pollutant source, our purpose is to analyze the feasibility of the Catalan initiative that proposes to implement a tax on port emissions from large ships. The paper concludes that, although it is true that the Catalan tax proposal present some negative points, we can say that it constitutes an important step for the development of environmental taxation in the protection of health and biodiversity and that it will surely serve as a model for other Autonomous Communities.
El transporte marítimo es esencial para la economía, transportando personas y bienes de una manera masiva y eficiente, pero también constituye una creciente y variada fuente de polución. Considerando que hoy en día son prácticamente inexistentes los tributos sobre las emisiones provenientes de los barcos, tanto a nivel internacional, estatal y autonómico, pero que al mismo tiempo se aprecia una creciente preocupación internacional por esta fuente contaminante, nuestro objetivo es analizar la viabilidad de la iniciativa catalana que propone implementar un impuesto propio a las emisiones portuarias de los grandes barcos. El trabajo concluye afirmando que, si bien es cierto que la propuesta impositiva catalana presenta algunos puntos negativos, podemos decir que constituye un paso importante para el desarrollo de la fiscalidad ambiental en la protección de la salud y la biodiversidad y que seguramente servirá de modelo para otras Comunidades Autónomas.
Strategi Pengelolaan Perpustakaan Daerah Provinsi Bali dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca Masyarakat
Authors: Ni Luh Putu Noviartini  , Ni Putu Anik Prabawati  , I Ketut Winaya  
Published: February 2024

This research aims to understand library management strategies in boosting community reading interest. The problem analysis employs indicators from the Strategic management theory by Wheelen and Hunger (2012). The research method used is qualitative descriptive. Informants are selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, subsequently analyzed using SWOT analysis techniques. The research findings indicate that the management of the Regional Library of Bali Province has implemented strategies to enhance community reading interest by utilizing existing resources, such as collaborating with literacy communities, implementing various service, especially mobile library service and providing bot online and offline services. It is expected that these efforts will continue to increase visitor numbers, especially the community’s reading interest.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan strategi perpustakaan dalam meningkatkan minat baca masyarakat. Pengkajian masalah menggunakan indikator teori Manajemen Strategi dari Wheelen dan Hunger (2012). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Informan ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive dan snowball sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui hasil wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan Perpustakaan Daerah Provinsi Bali telah melakukan strategi dalam meningkatkan minat baca masyarakat dengan menggunakan sumber daya yang ada seperti kerjasama dengan komunitas literasi, menerapkan berbagai layanan terutama layanan perpustakaan keliling serta menyediakan pelayanan online dan offline, diharapkan dapat terus meningkatkan tingkat pengunjung khususnya tingkat minat baca masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Manajemen Strategi, Pengelolaan Perpustakaan, Minat Baca Masyarakat.
Problematika Teodise Allah serta Implikasinya Terhadap PAK
Authors: Saedo Marbun ; Daniel  
Published: February 2024

Pertanyaan abadi yang masih relevan untuk masa kini adalah jika Allah itu ada, mengapa masih ada kejahatan dan penderitaan? Mengapa Ia tidak melindungi umat-Nya dari kejahatan dan penderitaan. Hal ini berdampak pada keraguan akan eksistensi Allah atau setidaknya keraguan akan keadilan Allah. Dimana letak keadilan Allah apabila orang-orang yang beriman kepada-Nya tetap saja merasakan kejahatan manusia atau penderitaan di dunia ini? Suatu paham untuk membela keadilan Allah disebut teodise. Pemahaman tentang teodise mendorong kita untuk kritis melihat eksistensi, kedaulatan, otoritas, kehadiran Allah meskipun dalam penderitaan dan situasi kejahatan. Ia bukanlah pencipta kejahatan. Namun Ia pun berdaulat penuh untuk memerangi kejahatan serta meniadakan penderitaan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjawab isu-isu tentang keadilan Allah dalam kaitannya dengan eksistensi kejahatan dan penderitaan di tengah dunia masa kini. Melalui studi literatur/kepustakaan, penulis menelusuri teodise Allah yang kemudian dihubungkan dengan pendidikan agama Kristen. Pendidikan Agama Kristen harus mengajarkan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan paham teodise antara lain: Tuhan itu Mahabaik, Mahatahu, Mahabenar dan Ia tidak menghendaki kejahatan di dunia. Namun, dosa telah merusak manusia dan dalam kedaulatan-Nya,[1] Tuhan mengijinkan dosa yang berimbas pada kejahatan dengan maksud dan tujuan ilahi yang tak dapat dipahami dengan keterbatasan manusia; Mengenai penderitaan, kita harus tetap menaruh kepercayaan kepada Tuhan sekalipun dalam penderitaan; Keadilan Allah bersifat mutlak dalam diri Allah. Manusia tidak bisa menilai keadilan Allah dengan standar manusia karena jika demikian, keadilan Allah hanya sebatas ruang pemahaman manusia dan yang terakhir adalah Allah bukanlah pembuat kejahatan.
KAJIAN FILSAFAT PARADIGMA KUHN DALAM KURIKULUM INDONESIA
Authors: Frima Asda Eka 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pergantian kurikulum Indonesia dipandang dari ilmu filsafat. Tujuan penulis ingin mendeskripsikan kurikulum Indonesia melalui pandangan Ilmu filsafat yang dianut oleh Thomas Kuhn. Analisa ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pergantian kurikulum di Indonesia melalui pandangan paradigma Kuhn. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kepustakaan (Library research). Hasil yang dapat disimpulkan adalah, pendidikan Indonesia selama ini secara tidak sadar mengarah pada paradigma Falsifikasi Karl Poper dalam menerapkan kurikulum, sehingga akan lebih baik menerapkan teori filsafat Paradigm yang dikemukakan oleh Kuhn. Penerapan paradigma Kuhn dapat dilakukan dengan pelatihan Sumber Daya Manusia pada tahap revolusinya. Hasil dari paradigm akan menciptakan masyarakat yang berpandangan bahwa pendidikan sudah menjadi sebuah kebudayaan Indonesia dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, bukan lagi berpandangan pendidikan itu mahal dan juga bukan sekedar perbaikan kehidupan dibidang ekonomi.
Relação entre a sustentabilidade empresarial e a remuneração de diretores em companhias listadas na B3
Authors: Veras Deysy Rayany Martins da Silva , Do Nascimento Ítalo Carlos Soares , De Melo Geison Calyo Varela , Moreira Caritsa Scartaty 
Published: February 2024

Respaldado pela Teoria dos Stakeholders, o presente estudo investiga a relação entre a sustentabilidade empresarial e a remuneração de diretores em companhias abertas listadas na Bolsa de Valores Brasileira. De natureza quantitativa, a pesquisa utilizou-se da estatística descritiva, teste de médias e regressão logística. A proxy da sustentabilidade empresarial é mensurada a partir da participação em índices ou rankings de sustentabilidade. Como métrica da remuneração dos diretores, utilizou-se a remuneração total dos executivos. O teste de diferenças entre médias revelou que há diferenças significativas entre as empresas sustentáveis e as não sustentáveis no que tange à variável remuneração executiva, o que foi ratificado mediante aplicação da regressão logística. Destaque-se que a remuneração executiva e o tamanho são as variáveis com mais probabilidade de exercer essa correlação. Destarte, pela ótica da Teoria dos Stakeholders, esta pesquisa, especialmente para o caso das empresas brasileiras, sinaliza que as empresas sustentáveis tendem a apresentar maior remuneração aos seus diretores, buscando o alinhamento de interesses e contribuindo para o bem-estar de todos os envolvidos com a firma.
"TEACHERS AND CLASSES" WITH NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Gislén Lars , Peterson Carsten , Söderberg Bo 
Published: November 2004

A convenient mapping and an efficient algorithm for solving scheduling problems within the neural network paradigm is presented. It is based on a reduced encoding scheme and a mean field annealing prescription which was recently successfully applied to TSP. Most scheduling problems are characterized by a set of hard and soft constraints. The prime target of this work is the hard constraints. In this domain the algorithm persistently finds legal solutions for quite difficult problems. We also make some exploratory investigations by adding soft constraints with very encouraging results. Our numerical studies cover problem sizes up to O(105) degrees of freedom with no parameter tuning. We stress the importance of adding self-coupling terms to the energy functions which are redundant from the encoding point of view but beneficial when it comes to ignoring local minima and to stabilizing the good solutions in the annealing process.
STRING FIELD THEORY
Authors: KAKU MICHIO 
Published: November 2004

String theory has emerged as the leading candidate for a unified field theory of all known forces. However, it is impossible to trust the various phenomenological predictions of superstring theory based on classical solutions alone. It appears that the crucial problem of the theory, breaking ten dimensional space-time down to four dimensions, must be solved nonperturbatively before we can extract reliable predictions. String field theory may be the only formalism in which we can resolve this decisive question. Only a rigorous calculation of the true vacuum of the theory will determine which of the many classical solutions the theory actually predicts. In this review article, we summarize the rapid progress in constructing string field theory actions, such as the development of the covariant BRST theory. We also present the newer geometric formulation of string field theory, from which the BRST theory and the older light cone theory can be derived from first principles. This geometric formulation allows us to derive the complete field theory of strings from two geometric principles, in the same way that general relativity and Yang-Mills theory can be derived from two principles based on global and local symmetry. The geometric formalism therefore reduces string field theory to a problem of finding an invariant under a new local gauge group we call the universal string group (USG). Thus, string field theory is the gauge theory of the universal string group in much the same way that Yang-Mills theory is the gauge theory of SU (N). Thus, the geometric formulation places superstring theory on the same rigorous group theoretical level as general relativity and gauge theory.