bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust changes in global subtropical circulation under greenhouse warming
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Huang Ping , Wang Lin , Hu Kaiming , Huang Gang , Hu Peng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe lower tropospheric subtropical circulation (SC) is characterized by monsoons and subtropical highs, playing an important role in global teleconnections and climate variability. The SC changes in a warmer climate are influenced by complex and region-specific mechanisms, resulting in uneven projections worldwide. Here, we present a method to quantify the overall intensity change in global SC, revealing a robust weakening across CMIP6 models. The weakening is primarily caused by global-mean surface warming, and partly counteracted by the direct CO2 effect. The direct CO2 effect is apparent in the transient response but is eventually dominated by the surface warming effect in a slow response. The distinct response timescales to global-mean warming and direct CO2 radiative forcing can well explain the time-varying SC changes in other CO2 emission scenarios. The declined SC implies a contracted monsoon range and drying at its boundary with arid regions under CO2-induced global warming.
Ultrafast entropy production in pump-probe experiments
Authors: Caprini Lorenzo , Löwen Hartmut , Geilhufe R. Matthias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ultrafast control of materials has opened the possibility to investigate non-equilibrium states of matter with striking properties, such as transient superconductivity and ferroelectricity, ultrafast magnetization and demagnetization, as well as Floquet engineering. The characterization of the ultrafast thermodynamic properties within the material is key for their control and design. Here, we develop the ultrafast stochastic thermodynamics for laser-excited phonons. We calculate the entropy production and heat absorbed from experimental data for single phonon modes of driven materials from time-resolved X-ray scattering experiments where the crystal is excited by a laser pulse. The spectral entropy production is calculated for SrTiO3 and KTaO3 for different temperatures and reveals a striking relation with the power spectrum of the displacement-displacement correlation function by inducing a broad peak beside the eigenmode-resonance.
The psychological, computational, and neural foundations of indebtedness
Authors: Gao Xiaoxue , Jolly Eshin , Yu Hongbo , Liu Huiying , Zhou Xiaolin , Chang Luke J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReceiving a favor from another person may induce a negative feeling of indebtedness for the beneficiary. In this study, we explore these hidden costs by developing and validating a conceptual model of indebtedness across three studies that combine a large-scale online questionnaire, an interpersonal game, computational modeling, and neuroimaging. Our model captures how individuals perceive the altruistic and strategic intentions of the benefactor. These inferences produce distinct feelings of guilt and obligation that together comprise indebtedness and motivate reciprocity. Perceived altruistic intentions convey care and communal concern and are associated with activity in insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while inferred strategic intentions convey expectations of future reciprocity and are associated with activation in temporal parietal junction and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. We further develop a neural utility model of indebtedness using multivariate patterns of brain activity that captures the tradeoff between these feelings and reliably predicts reciprocity behavior.
Serglycin secreted by late-stage nucleus pulposus cells is a biomarker of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Chen Fan , Lei Linchuan , Chen Shunlun , Zhao Zhuoyang , Huang Yuming , Jiang Guowei , Guo Xingyu , Li Zemin , Zheng Zhaomin , Wang Jianru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is a natural process during aging and a leading cause of lower back pain. Here, we generate a comprehensive atlas of nucleus pulposus cells using single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human nucleus pulposus tissues (three males and four females, age 41.14 ± 18.01 years). We identify fibrotic late-stage nucleus pulposus cells characterized by upregulation of serglycin expression which facilitate the local inflammatory response by promoting the infiltration of inflammatory cytokines and macrophages. Finally, we discover that daphnetin, a potential serglycin ligand, substantially mitigates the local inflammatory response by downregulating serglycin expression in an in vivo mouse model, thus alleviating intervertebral disc degeneration. Taken together, we identify late-stage nucleus pulposus cells and confirm the potential mechanism by which serglycin regulates intervertebral disc degeneration. Our findings indicate that serglycin is a latent biomarker of intervertebral disc degeneration and may contribute to development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Aspergillus fumigatus mitogen-activated protein kinase MpkA is involved in gliotoxin production and self-protection
Authors: Alves de Castro Patrícia , Figueiredo Pinzan Camila , dos Reis Thaila Fernanda , Valero Clara , Van Rhijn Norman , Menegatti Carla , de Freitas Migliorini Ivan Lucas , Bromley Michael , Fleming Alastair B. , Traynor Aimee M. , Sarikaya-Bayram Özlem , Bayram Özgür , Malavazi Iran , Ebel Frank , Barbosa Júlio César Jerônimo , Fill Taícia , Pupo Monica Tallarico , Goldman Gustavo H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic fungus that can cause a variety of human diseases known as aspergillosis. Mycotoxin gliotoxin (GT) production is important for its virulence and must be tightly regulated to avoid excess production and toxicity to the fungus. GT self-protection by GliT oxidoreductase and GtmA methyltransferase activities is related to the subcellular localization of these enzymes and how GT can be sequestered from the cytoplasm to avoid increased cell damage. Here, we show that GliT:GFP and GtmA:GFP are localized in the cytoplasm and in vacuoles during GT production. The Mitogen-Activated Protein kinase MpkA is essential for GT production and self-protection, interacts physically with GliT and GtmA and it is necessary for their regulation and subsequent presence in the vacuoles. The sensor histidine kinase SlnASln1 is important for modulation of MpkA phosphorylation. Our work emphasizes the importance of MpkA and compartmentalization of cellular events for GT production and self-defense.
Mcam inhibits macrophage-mediated development of mammary gland through non-canonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Yang Xing , Xu Haibo , Yang Xu , Wang Hui , Zou Li , Yang Qin , Qi Xiaopeng , Li Li , Duan Hongxia , Yan Xiyun , Fu Nai Yang , Tan Jing , Hou Zongliu , Jiao Baowei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile canonical Wnt signaling is well recognized for its crucial regulatory functions in cell fate decisions, the role of non-canonical Wnt signaling in adult stem cells remains elusive and contradictory. Here, we identified Mcam, a potential member of the non-canonical Wnt signaling, as an important negative regulator of mammary gland epithelial cells (MECs) by genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (GeCKO) library screening. Loss of Mcam increases the clonogenicity and regenerative capacity of MECs, and promotes the proliferation, differentiation, and ductal morphogenesis of mammary epithelial in knockout mice. Mechanically, Mcam knockout recruits and polarizes macrophages through the Il4-Stat6 axis, thereby promoting secretion of the non-canonical Wnt ligand Wnt5a and its binding to the non-canonical Wnt signaling receptor Ryk to induce the above phenotypes. These findings reveal Mcam roles in mammary gland development by orchestrating communications between MECs and macrophages via a Wnt5a/Ryk axis, providing evidences for non-canonical Wnt signaling in mammary development.
Organohydrogel-based transparent terahertz absorber via ionic conduction loss
Authors: Xie Wenke , Tang Qian , Xie Jinlong , Fei Yang , Wan Hujie , Zhao Tao , Ding Tianpeng , Xiao Xu , Wen Qiye 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe fast-growing terahertz technologies require high-performance terahertz absorber for suppressing electromagnetic interference. Since the dissipation mechanism in terahertz band usually focuses on electronic conduction loss, almost all terahertz absorbers are constructed with electronically conducting materials being opaque, which limits their applications in scenarios requiring high visible transmittance. Here, we demonstrate a transparent terahertz absorber based on permittivity-gradient elastomer-encapsulated-organohydrogel. Our organohydrogel-based terahertz absorber exhibits a high absorbing property (average reflection loss of 49.03 dB) in 0.5–4.5 THz band with a thin thickness of 700 μm and a high average visible transmittance of 85.51%. The terahertz absorbing mechanism mainly derives from the ionic conduction loss of the polar liquid in organohydrogel. Besides, the hydrophobic and adhesive elastomer coating endows this terahertz absorber high absorbing stability and interfacial adhesivity. This work paves a viable way to designing transparent terahertz absorbers.
Increase in antioxidant capacity associated with the successful subclone of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11-KL64
Authors: Wang Ruobing , Zhang Anru , Sun Shijun , Yin Guankun , Wu Xingyu , Ding Qi , Wang Qi , Chen Fengning , Wang Shuyi , van Dorp Lucy , Zhang Yawei , Jin Longyang , Wang Xiaojuan , Balloux Francois , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe acquisition of exogenous mobile genetic material imposes an adaptive burden on bacteria, whereas the adaptational evolution of virulence plasmids upon entry into carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and its impact remains unclear. To better understand the virulence in CRKP, we characterize virulence plasmids utilizing a large genomic data containing 1219 K. pneumoniae from our long-term surveillance and publicly accessible databases. Phylogenetic evaluation unveils associations between distinct virulence plasmids and serotypes. The sub-lineage ST11-KL64 CRKP acquires a pK2044-like virulence plasmid from ST23-KL1 hypervirulent K. pneumoniae, with a 2698 bp region deletion in all ST11-KL64. The deletion is observed to regulate methionine metabolism, enhance antioxidant capacity, and further improve survival of hypervirulent CRKP in macrophages. The pK2044-like virulence plasmid discards certain sequences to enhance survival of ST11-KL64, thereby conferring an evolutionary advantage. This work contributes to multifaceted understanding of virulence and provides insight into potential causes behind low fitness costs observed in bacteria.
The antibiotic resistance reservoir of the lung microbiome expands with age in a population of critically ill patients
Authors: Chu Victoria T. , Tsitsiklis Alexandra , Mick Eran , Ambroggio Lilliam , Kalantar Katrina L. , Glascock Abigail , Osborne Christina M. , Wagner Brandie D. , Matthay Michael A. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Calfee Carolyn S. , Mourani Peter M. , Langelier Charles R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistant lower respiratory tract infections are an increasing public health threat and an important cause of global mortality. The lung microbiome can influence susceptibility of respiratory tract infections and represents an important reservoir for exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes. Studies of the gut microbiome have found an association between age and increasing antimicrobial resistance gene burden, however, corollary studies in the lung microbiome remain absent. We performed an observational study of children and adults with acute respiratory failure admitted to the intensive care unit. From tracheal aspirate RNA sequencing data, we evaluated age-related differences in detectable antimicrobial resistance gene expression in the lung microbiome. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, we find that detection of antimicrobial resistance gene expression was significantly higher in adults compared with children after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. This association remained significant after additionally adjusting for lung bacterial microbiome characteristics, and when modeling age as a continuous variable. The proportion of adults expressing beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and tetracycline antimicrobial resistance genes was higher compared to children. Together, these findings shape our understanding of the lung resistome in critically ill patients across the lifespan, which may have implications for clinical management and global public health.
Cultured meat with enriched organoleptic properties by regulating cell differentiation
Authors: Lee Milae , Park Sohyeon , Choi Bumgyu , Choi Woojin , Lee Hyun , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Seung Tae , Yoo Ki Hyun , Han Dongoh , Bang Geul , Hwang Heeyoun , Koh Won-Gun , Lee Sangmin , Hong Jinkee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch on cultured meat has primarily focused on the mass proliferation or differentiation of muscle cells; thus, the food characteristics of cultured meat remain relatively underexplored. As the quality of meat is determined by its organoleptic properties, cultured meat with similar sensory characteristics to animal-derived meat is highly desirable. In this study, we control the organoleptic and nutritional properties of cultured meat by tailoring the 2D differentiation of primary bovine myoblasts and primary bovine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on gelatin/alginate scaffolds with varying stiffness. We assess the effect of muscle and adipose differentiation quality on the sensory properties of cultured meat. Thereafter, we fabricate cultured meat with similar sensory profiles to that of conventional beef by assembling the muscle and adipose constructs composed of highly differentiated cells. We introduce a strategy to produce cultured meat with enriched food characteristics by regulating cell differentiation with scaffold engineering.
Multi-omic and functional analysis for classification and treatment of sarcomas with FUS-TFCP2 or EWSR1-TFCP2 fusions
Authors: Schöpf Julia , Uhrig Sebastian , Heilig Christoph E. , Lee Kwang-Seok , Walther Tatjana , Carazzato Alexander , Dobberkau Anna Maria , Weichenhan Dieter , Plass Christoph , Hartmann Mark , Diwan Gaurav D. , Carrero Zunamys I. , Ball Claudia R. , Hohl Tobias , Kindler Thomas , Rudolph-Hähnel Patricia , Helm Dominic , Schneider Martin , Nilsson Anna , Øra Ingrid , Imle Roland , Banito Ana , Russell Robert B. , Jones Barbara C. , Lipka Daniel B. , Glimm Hanno , Hübschmann Daniel , Hartmann Wolfgang , Fröhling Stefan , Scholl Claudia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLinking clinical multi-omics with mechanistic studies may improve the understanding of rare cancers. We leverage two precision oncology programs to investigate rhabdomyosarcoma with FUS/EWSR1-TFCP2 fusions, an orphan malignancy without effective therapies. All tumors exhibit outlier ALK expression, partly accompanied by intragenic deletions and aberrant splicing resulting in ALK variants that are oncogenic and sensitive to ALK inhibitors. Additionally, recurrent CKDN2A/MTAP co-deletions provide a rationale for PRMT5-targeted therapies. Functional studies show that FUS-TFCP2 blocks myogenic differentiation, induces transcription of ALK and truncated TERT, and inhibits DNA repair. Unlike other fusion-driven sarcomas, TFCP2-rearranged tumors exhibit genomic instability and signs of defective homologous recombination. DNA methylation profiling demonstrates a close relationship with undifferentiated sarcomas. In two patients, sarcoma was preceded by benign lesions carrying FUS-TFCP2, indicating stepwise sarcomagenesis. This study illustrates the potential of linking precision oncology with preclinical research to gain insight into the classification, pathogenesis, and therapeutic vulnerabilities of rare cancers.
Gut microbiota facilitate chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Zhu Lei , Jian Xingxing , Zhou Bingjing , Liu Runqiu , Muñoz Melba , Sun Wan , Xie Lu , Chen Xiang , Peng Cong , Maurer Marcus , Li Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) comes with gut dysbiosis, but its relevance remains elusive. Here we use metagenomics sequencing and short-chain fatty acids metabolomics and assess the effects of human CSU fecal microbial transplantation, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Roseburia hominis, and metabolites in vivo. CSU gut microbiota displays low diversity and short-chain fatty acids production, but high gut Klebsiella pneumoniae levels, negatively correlates with blood short-chain fatty acids levels and links to high disease activity. Blood lipopolysaccharide levels are elevated, link to rapid disease relapse, and high gut levels of conditional pathogenic bacteria. CSU microbiome transfer and Klebsiella pneumoniae transplantation facilitate IgE-mediated mast cell(MC)-driven skin inflammatory responses and increase intestinal permeability and blood lipopolysaccharide accumulation in recipient mice. Transplantation of Roseburia hominis and caproate administration protect recipient mice from MC-driven skin inflammation. Here, we show gut microbiome alterations, in CSU, may reduce short-chain fatty acids and increase lipopolysaccharide levels, respectively, and facilitate MC-driven skin inflammation.
Colloidal pathways of amorphous calcium carbonate formation lead to distinct water environments and conductivity
Authors: Gindele Maxim B. , Vinod-Kumar Sanjay , Rochau Johannes , Boemke Daniel , Groß Eduard , Redrouthu Venkata SubbaRao , Gebauer Denis , Mathies Guinevere 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCaCO3 is the most abundant biomineral and a major constituent of incrustations arising from water hardness. Polycarboxylates play key roles in controlling mineralization. Herein, we present an analytical and spectroscopic study of polycarboxylate-stabilized amorphous CaCO3 (ACC) and its formation via a dense liquid precursor phase (DLP). Polycarboxylates facilitate pronounced, kinetic bicarbonate entrapment in the DLP. Since bicarbonate is destabilized in the solid state, DLP dehydration towards solid ACC necessitates the formation of locally calcium deficient sites, thereby inhibiting nucleation. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of poly-aspartate-stabilized ACC reveals the presence of two distinct environments. The first contains immobile calcium and carbonate ions and structural water molecules, undergoing restricted, anisotropic motion. In the second environment, water molecules undergo slow, but isotropic motion. Indeed, conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) reveals that ACC conducts electrical current, strongly suggesting that the mobile environment pervades the bulk of ACC, with dissolved hydroxide ions constituting the charge carriers. We propose that the distinct environments arise from colloidally stabilized interfaces of DLP nanodroplets, consistent with the pre-nucleation cluster (PNC) pathway.
p53 suppresses MHC class II presentation by intestinal epithelium to protect against radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome
Authors: Wang Jianming , Chang Chun-Yuan , Yang Xue , Zhou Fan , Liu Juan , Bargonetti Jill , Zhang Lanjing , Xie Ping , Feng Zhaohui , Hu Wenwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRadiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome is a major complication and limiting factor for radiotherapy. Tumor suppressor p53 has a protective role in radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that regulating the IL12-p40/MHC class II signaling pathway is a critical mechanism by which p53 protects against radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. p53 inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL12-p40, which in turn suppresses the expression of MHC class II on intestinal epithelial cells to suppress T cell activation and inflammation post-irradiation that causes intestinal stem cell damage. Anti-IL12-p40 neutralizing antibody inhibits inflammation and rescues the defects in intestinal epithelial regeneration post-irradiation in p53-deficient mice and prolongs mouse survival. These results uncover that the IL12-p40/MHC class II signaling mediates the essential role of p53 in ensuring intestinal stem cell function and proper immune reaction in response to radiation to protect mucosal epithelium, and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy to protect against radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome.
Mammalian cell growth characterisation by a non-invasive plate reader assay
Authors: Grob Alice , Enrico Bena Chiara , Di Blasi Roberto , Pessina Daniele , Sood Matthew , Yunyue Zhou , Bosia Carla , Isalan Mark , Ceroni Francesca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAutomated and non-invasive mammalian cell analysis is currently lagging behind due to a lack of methods suitable for a variety of cell lines and applications. Here, we report the development of a high throughput non-invasive method for tracking mammalian cell growth and performance based on plate reader measurements. We show the method to be suitable for both suspension and adhesion cell lines, and we demonstrate it can be adopted when cells are grown under different environmental conditions. We establish that the method is suitable to inform on effective drug treatments to be used depending on the cell line considered, and that it can support characterisation of engineered mammalian cells over time. This work provides the scientific community with an innovative approach to mammalian cell screening, also contributing to the current efforts towards high throughput and automated mammalian cell engineering.
Leucine aminopeptidase1 controls egg deposition and hatchability in male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Sun Xiaomei , Wang Xueli , Shi Kai , Lyu Xiangyang , Sun Jian , Raikhel Alexander S. , Zou Zhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAedes aegypti are vectors for several arboviruses infecting hundreds of millions of people annually. Controlling mosquito populations by regulating their reproduction is a potential strategy to minimize viral transmission in the absence of effective antiviral therapies or vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that leucine aminopeptidase1 (LAP1), detected by a SWATH-MS-based proteomic screen of female spermathecae, is a crucial determinant in mosquito population expansion. Mitochondrial defects and aberrant autophagy of sperm in LAP1 mutant males (LAP1−/−), prepared using CRISPR/Cas9 system, result in a reduction of reproduction in wild-type females that mated with them. The fitness of LAP1−/− males is strong enough to efficiently transmit genetic changes to mosquito populations through a low number of hatchable offspring. Thus, LAP1−/− males represent an opportunity to suppress mosquito populations and further studies should be undertaken to characterize LAP1’s suitability for gene drive usage.