bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the Hunt94 color appearance model under different light sources at low photopic to low mesopic light levels
Authors: Deng Lei , Chen Linsheng , Rea Mark S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractColor appearance models allow for the quantification of color appearance under a variety of viewing conditions. Such models may ultimately provide a measure for accurate assessments of the color‐rendering properties of light sources. This article evaluates the Hunt94 color appearance model using a new set of color‐naming and magnitude‐rating data. At one photopic level (10 cd/m2), the evaluations showed that for a xenon lamp and an enhanced metal halide lamp that have chromaticities and spectra close to an equal energy spectrum, the Hunt94 model provided good predictions of the primary and secondary color names and hue magnitudes for a wide range of color chips under the two illuminants. However, for other light sources the Hunt94 model predictions deviated considerably from the evaluations. Three modifications were applied to the Hunt94 color appearance model to predict color‐naming and magnitude‐rating data better for all light sources. The modified Hunt94 model gave good predictions (correlation coefficients r ∼ 0.95) of the secondary hue magnitude of the color chips used in the experiment at photopic light levels (10 cd/m2 and 1 cd/m2 background luminances) under “white” light sources. However, the modified model was still unable to predict color appearances at low mesopic light levels (0.1 cd/m2 and 0.01 cd/m2). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 107–117, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20088
Location of Munsell colors in the RAL Design System
Authors: Öztürk Leyla Dokuzer 
Published: January 2005

AbstractColor order systems are used in various areas concerned with color such as education, color design, and industry. Their nomenclature provides a reliable tool for specification and communication of color appearance. Two of the most widely used color order systems are the Munsell Color System and the RAL Design System. When using both color systems, it would be useful to convert the nomenclature from one to the other. The goal of this study is to define solely the location of Munsell colors in the RAL Design System and to obtain helpful data in case of use both color systems. In accordance with this purpose, the RAL equivalents of certain Munsell colors are determined and the possibility of naming RAL colors by unambiguous adjectives is researched. This study is limited with the definition of RAL equivalents of certain Munsell colors, but it is obvious that it can be expanded easily by including RAL equivalents of a large number of Munsell color and vice versa. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 130–134, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20091
Formulation of interior design color palette based on the regression analysis of digital color samples
Authors: Lee H. S. , Chang S. J. , Kim E. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVarious color models have been developed to represent color as a synthetic construct of its component attributes. The CMYK color model is based on a mathematical framework efficient for digitally planning and processing the colors for a domain‐specific application such as interior design. The CMYK color model correlated with the Munsell system would also increase usability and effectiveness. In this research, we suggest a computationally assisted systematic method to formulate a color palette useful for interior design. A continuous process of sampling, statistical analysis, and computational manipulations has been performed to derive a desirable color palette. First, color samples have been extracted from the representative interior design cases of residential buildings, offices, and commercial spaces. Second, the interrelationships among C, M, Y, and K values in all samples have been statistically analyzed followed by calculating the number of elements in the numerically categorized sets for C, M, or K value. New CMYK combinations were generated by using selected sets of C, M, or K value showing relatively dominant presence in the original samples. Then, the statistically extracted correlation function was used to propose a complete list of CMYK color combinations for interior design. The resulting CMYK combinations were then converted into the values represented in the Munsell color system. We envision that the proposed approach can increase both applicability and efficiency of the resulting color palette by considering both intuitive and mathematical color models with the support of a computational data processing technique. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 135–145, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20092
Color variability of wine in a glass and general comments on contrast effects
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWhen red wines are tilted in a glass wine sampler and observed in strong light against a neutral background, the thinner parts appear a shorter wavelength red than the thicker ones. It is discussed whether these hue‐shifts, associated with thickness changes, are attributable to simultaneous contrast effects (Bezold–Brucke and Abney effects) or can be detected by conventional instrumental color measurement by spectroradiometer or spectrophotometer (assuming Bouguer's law). The reported hue‐shifts at different thicknesses appear to be attributable to both physical‐chemical changes and contrast effects. This discussion is in three parts: (1) Color variability of wine in a glass and general comments on contrast effects by Ralph W. Pridmore, (2) Color coordinates of wine samples with different thicknesses by Rafael Huertas, Manuel Melgosa, and Angel I. Negueruela, and (3) Final Comment by Ralph W. Pridmore. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 146–152, 2005
TGF‐β1‐enhanced TCP‐coated sensate scaffolds can detect bone bonding
Authors: Szivek J.A. , Margolis D.S. , Garrison B.K. , Nelson E. , Vaidyanathan R.K. , DeYoung D.W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPorous polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) scaffold systems were tested as orthopedic implants to determine whether these scaffolds could be used to detect strain transfer following bone growth into the scaffold. Three types of scaffold systems were tested: porous PBT scaffolds, porous PBT scaffolds with a thin β‐tricalcium phosphate coating (LC‐PBT), and porous PBT scaffolds with the TCP coating vacuum packed into the scaffold pores (VI‐PBT). In addition, the effect of applying TGF‐β1 to scaffolds as an enhancement was examined. The scaffolds were placed onto the femora of rats and leftin vivofor 4 months. The amount of bone ingrowth and the strain transfer through various scaffolds was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy, histology, histomorphometry, and cantilever bend testing. The VI‐PBT scaffold showed the highest and most consistent degree of mechanical interaction between bone and scaffold, providing strain transfers of 68.5% (±20.6) and 79.2% (±8.7) of control scaffolds in tension and compression, respectively. The strain transfer through the VI‐PBT scaffold decreased to 29.1% (±24.3) and 30.4% (±25.8) in tension and compression when used with TGF‐β1. TGF‐β1 enhancement increased the strain transfer through LC‐PBT scaffolds in compression from 9.4% (±8.7) to 49.7% (±31.0). The significant changes in mechanical strain transfer through LC‐PBT and VI‐PBT scaffolds correlated with changes in bone ingrowth fraction, which was increased by 39.6% in LC‐PBT scaffolds and was decreased 21.3% in VI‐PBT scaffolds after TGF‐β1 enhancement. Overall, the results indicate that strain transfer through TCP‐coated PBT scaffolds correlate with bone ingrowth after implantation, making these instrumented scaffolds useful for monitoring bone growth by monitoring strain transfer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 73B: 43–53, 2005
Recent developments in thermal analysis of polymers: Calorimetry in the limit of slow and fast heating rates
Authors: Cebe Peggy 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis review focuses on new insights into the crystal melting transition and the amorphous glass transition of polymers that have been gained through recent advances in thermoanalytical methods. The specific heat capacity can now be studied under two extreme limits, that is, under quasi‐isothermal conditions (limit of zero heating rate) and, at the other end of the scale, under rapid heating conditions (heating rates on the order of thousands of degrees per second), made possible through nanocalorimetry. The reversible melting, and multiple reversible melting, of semicrystalline polymers is explored using quasi‐isothermal temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, TMDSC. The excess reversing heat capacity, above the baseline, measured under nearly isothermal conditions is attributed to locally reversible surface melting and crystallization processes that do not require molecular nucleation. Observations of double reversible melting endotherms in isotactic polystyrene suggest existence of two distinct populations of crystals, each showing locally reversible surface melting. The second subject of the review, nanocalorimetry, is utilized to study samples of small mass under conditions of very fast heating and cooling. The glass transition properties of thin amorphous polymer films are observed under adiabatic conditions. The glass transition temperature appears to be independent of film thickness, and is observed even in ultra‐thin films. Recrystallization and reorganization during rapid heating are studied by nanocalorimetry of semicrystalline polymers. The uppermost endotherm seen under normal DSC scanning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is caused by reorganization, and vanishes under the rapid heating conditions (3000K/s) provided by nanocalorimetry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 629–636, 2005
Grouping for behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia: clinical and biological aspects. Consensus paper of the European Alzheimer disease consortium
Authors: Robert Philippe H. , Verhey Frans R.J. , Byrne E. Jane , Hurt Catherine , De Deyn Peter Paul , Nobili Flavio , Riello Roberta , Rodriguez Guido , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Tsolaki Magda , Kyriazopoulou Nora , Bullock Roger , Burns Alistair , Vellas Bruno 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), constitute a major clinical component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is a growing interest in BPSD as they are responsible for a large share of the suffering of patients and caregivers, and they strongly determine the patient’s lifestyle and management. Better detection and understanding of these symptoms is essential to provide appropriate management. This article is a consensus produced by the behavioral group of the European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium (EADC). The aim of this article is to present clinical description and biological correlates of the major behavioral and psychological symptomatology in AD. BPSD is not a unitary concept. Instead, it should be divided into several symptoms or more likely: groups of symptoms, each possibly reflecting a different prevalence, course over time, biological correlate and psychosocial determinants. There is some clinical evidence for clusters within groups of BPSD. Biological studies indicate that patients with AD and BPSD are associated with variations in the pathological features (atrophy, brain perfusion/metabolism, histopathology) when compared to people with AD without BPSD. An individually tailored approach taking all these aspects into account is warranted as it may offer more, and better, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment opportunities.
Prevalence and impact of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression in primary care in Belgium and Luxemburg: the GADIS study
Authors: Ansseau Marc , Fischler Benjamin , Dierick Michel , Mignon Annick , Leyman Sophie 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPurposeGADIS aims at determining the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression (MD) in primary care and their impact on the patient’s functioning in Belgium and Luxemburg.MethodsA large scale screening program was conducted at the consultation of general practitioners to detect patients with GAD and MD according to DSM-IV criteria. We collected additional data regarding the use of hypnotic, tranquilizer, antidepressant and analgesic medications. Impact on the patient was assessed with the Sheehan disability scale.ResultsThree hundred GP’s in Belgium and Luxemburg were asked to screen 50 consecutive patients. Of the 13,677 analyzed patients, 8.3% were diagnosed to have GAD and 6.3% MD. Comorbidity was observed in 4.2% of patients. The prevalence was much higher in the French-speaking part of Belgium. GAD and MD were associated with impairment in social, familial and professional functioning. Only a minority of patients with GAD and/or MD was treated with an antidepressant and almost half of subjects with GAD and/or MD were treated with a tranquilizer.ConclusionsPrevalence rates of GAD and MD in primary care in Belgium are comparable to other countries. GAD and MD are disabling conditions. Antidepressants are still used only in a minority of subjects with GAD and/or MD in primary care in Belgium and Luxemburg. The prevalence of GAD and MD appears to be much higher in French-speaking parts of Belgium.
Assessing alexithymia in French-speaking samples: psychometric properties of the Observer Alexithymia Scale-French translation
Authors: Berthoz Sylvie , Haviland Mark G. , Riggs Matt L. , Perdereau Fabienne , Bungener Catherine 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the present study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Observer Alexithymia Scale-French translation (OAS-F), a 33-item, observer-rated alexithymia measure. The scale, accessible to lay and professional raters, taps everyday expressions of alexithymia. French university students (N = 159) were asked to rate a person they knew well or ask an acquaintance to rate them. Those being rated (N = 159) were parents, siblings, children, and friends. OAS-F total and subscale scores were comparable to those in the English normative samples. Moreover, OAS scores were reliable, and the scale’s five-factor structure (distant, uninsightful, somatizing, humorless, and rigid) was confirmed. Importantly, too, OAS total scores correlated 0.31 with (self-report) 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) scores. The OAS-F appears to be a psychometrically sound observer-rated alexithymia measure.
Re‐laparotomy after Cesarean section
Authors: Seffah J.D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to find out the indications for management and the outcomes of reopening the abdomen during the puerperium after Cesarean section.Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective descriptive survey at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana.ResultsThere were 6120 Cesarean sections (17%) out of a total of 36,010 deliveries. Re‐laparotomy was done in 44 patients (0.7%) of the Cesarean sections. The indications were: hemorrhage from uterine atony, hemorrhage from placental bed after operation for placenta previa, uterine sepsis with hemorrhage, hemorrhage after Cesarean section, myomectomy and hemorrhage from anterior abdominal wound dehiscence. The main surgeries performed were: hysterectomy, ligation of ascending branches of uterine arteries, ligation of hypogastric arteries, debridement and re‐suturing of the uterine incision and secondary suturing of anterior abdominal wall. There were 6 near missed fatalities. There were 4 mortalities caused by excessive hemorrhage and severe sepsis.ConclusionThe case fatality rate for re‐laparotomy after Cesarean section is high (9%). Near missed‐fatalities are common. To reduce the unfavorable outcomes, instituting more intensive education on the use of the partograph should prevent prolonged labor. Centers carrying out Cesarean section should have efficient blood transfusion service in place.
DictyMOLD-a Dictyostelium discoideum genome browser database
Authors: Felder Marius , Szafranski Karol , Lehmann Rüdiger , Eichinger Ludwig , Noegel Angelika A. , Platzer Matthias , Glöckner Gernot 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Summary: With the Dictyostelium Genome Project nearing completion, we initiated the construction of a data repository for all Dictyostelium discoideum genomic data. Up to now this database, called DictyMOLD (Dicty Map Of Linked Data), incorporates the recently completed D.discoideum chromosomes 1 and 2 sequences together with related annotations. To visualise maps, sequences and annotations and to provide access for the scientific community a perl-based browser was developed.
Availability: The DictyMOLD database is freely accessible via http://genome.imb-jena.de/dictyostelium/
Contact: gernot@imb-jena.de
A Mitochondrial Mutator System in Maize
Authors: Kuzmin Evgeny V. , Duvick Donald N. , Newton Kathleen J. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The P2 line of maize (Zea mays) is characterized by mitochondrial genome destabilization, initiated by recessive nuclear mutations. These alleles alter copy number control of mitochondrial subgenomes and disrupt normal transfer of mitochondrial genomic components to progeny, resulting in differences in mitochondrial DNA profiles among sibling plants and between parents and progeny. The mitochondrial DNA changes are often associated with variably defective phenotypes, reflecting depletion of essential mitochondrial genes. The P2 nuclear genotype can be considered a natural mutagenesis system for maize mitochondria. It dramatically accelerates mitochondrial genomic divergence by increasing low copy-number subgenomes, by rapidly amplifying aberrant recombination products, and by causing the random loss of normal components of the mitochondrial genomes.
A Proposed Mechanism for the Inhibitory Effects of Oxidative Stress on Rubisco Assembly and Its Subunit Expression
Authors: Cohen Idan , Knopf Joel A. , Irihimovitch Vered , Shapira Michal 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a light-induced oxidative stress shifts the glutathione pool toward its oxidized form, resulting in a translational arrest of the large subunit (LSU) of Rubisco. We show here that the translational arrest of LSU is tightly coordinated with cessation of Rubisco assembly, and both processes take place after a threshold level of reactive oxygen species is reached. As a result, the small subunit is also eliminated by rapid degradation. We previously showed that the amino terminus of the LSU could bind RNA in a sequence-independent manner, as it shares a structural similarity with the RNA recognition motif. This domain becomes exposed only under oxidizing conditions, thus restricting the RNA-binding activity. Here we show that in vitro, thiol groups of both subunits become oxidized in the presence of oxidized glutathione. The structural changes are mediated by oxidized glutathione, whereas only very high concentrations of H2O2 confer similar results in vitro. Changes in the redox state of the LSU thiol groups are also observed in vivo, in response to a physiological light shock caused by transfer of cells from low light to high light. We propose that during a photooxidative stress, oxidation of thiol groups occurs already in nascent LSU chains, perhaps hindering their association with chaperones. As a result, their RNA recognition motif domain becomes exposed and will bind any RNA in its vicinity, including its own transcript. Due to this binding the ribosome stalls, preventing the assembly of additional ribosomes on the transcript. Polysome analysis using Suc gradients indeed shows that the rbcL RNA is associated with the polysomal fraction at all times but shifts toward fractions that contain smaller polysomes and monosomes during oxidative stress. Thus, translational arrest of the LSU most likely occurs at a postinitiation stage.
Lymphocyte telomere dynamics and telomerase activity in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of drugs and smoking
Authors: Getliffe K. M. , Al Dulaimi D. , Martin‐Ruiz C. , Holder R. L. , Von Zglinicki T. , Morris A. , Nwokolo C. U. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : The chromosome instability observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes in ulcerative colitis could be a biomarker of cancer susceptibility.Aim : To determine whether accelerated telomere shortening could explain chromosome instability and assess the effect of drugs and smoking on telomere dynamics in these cells.Methods : Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and non‐inflammatory bowel disease control patients. Telomere lengths were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. After activation and cell separation, telomerase activity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger ribonucleic acid were measured by telomerase repeat amplification protocol enzyme‐linked immunosorbent serological assay and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.Results : Age‐related telomere loss in peripheral blood lymphocytes was similar in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and control patients. Telomerase activity decreased with age in all groups and correlated positively with telomere length (r = 0.489, P =0.006). Among Crohn's disease patients, azathioprine was associated with decreased telomerase activity (0.66 vs. 1.54, P = 0.026, P < 0.05) and smoking was associated with decreased human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression (10.5 vs. 33.3, P =0.036, P < 0.05).Conclusions : Telomere shortening is not accelerated and therefore cannot be the cause of the chromosome instability observed in ulcerative colitis peripheral blood lymphocytes. Azathioprine and cigarette smoking modify telomerase expression in these cells.
Functional symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease and their potential influence in misclassification of clinical status
Authors: Barratt H. S. , Kalantzis C. , Polymeros D. , Forbes A. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : Functional symptoms occur in inflammatory bowel disease probably more than in the general population. Existing disease indices rely heavily on symptoms that may be organic or functional. This may explain inconsistencies between recent therapeutic trials in inflammatory bowel disease. Clinically, misinterpretation can lead to over‐treatment of functional symptoms with potent agents, and to under‐treatment of inflammatory bowel disease when inflammatory features are more subtle.Aim : To assess functional symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease and to devise simple means of their evaluation.Methods : Patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome completed questionnaires, generating inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome indices. Data from outliers selected as exemplars were employed to create a new index.Results : One hundred and ninety patients completed questionnaires. Overall, Crohn's and irritable bowel syndrome patients had similar functional features. The new scoring system was based on the eight apparently discriminant symptoms. Prospective evaluation in a separate cohort of 180 inflammatory bowel disease patients yielded scores that are independent of established indices, inflammatory markers and psychometric scores.Conclusions : Patients with Crohn's report comparable rates of apparently functional symptoms to those with irritable bowel syndrome. A new score has been developed to help in their identification. This has the potential to guide therapeutic decisions and optimize future trial recruitment.