bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Density and Insertion Torque as Predictors of Anterior Cruciateligament Graft Fixation Strength
Authors: Järvinen Teppo L. N. , Nurmi Janne T. , Sievänen Harri 
Published: July 2004

Background Bone mineral density and interference screw insertion torque are thought to be useful predictors of anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation strength. Hypothesis Bone mineral density and insertion torque are reliable predictors of anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation strength. Study Design Randomized experimental study. Methods The volumetric bone mineral density, maximum insertion torque, and initial fixation strength (determined both as cyclic-loading-induced displacement and yield load) were recorded on 21 pairs of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. To assess the accuracy of bone mineral density and insertion torque in predicting the fixation strength, half of the specimens were first used to determine the regression equations between the variables, and then the data from the remaining specimens were used to validate the prediction equations. Results Despite the relatively high group correlations, the ability of bone mineral density and insertion torque to predict the strength of graft fixation was poor. Errors ranging from –150% to 92%, –22% to 50%, –56% to 121%, and –23% to 50% were observed when bone mineral density and insertion torque were used to predict individual cyclic-loading-induced displacement and yield load, respectively. Conclusions Neither bone mineral density nor insertion torque provides a sufficiently accurate prediction of the fixation strength of an individual soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft. Clinical Relevance Bone mineral density and insertion torque cannot be used to estimate the strength of interference screw fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
The Effect of a Proprioceptive Balance Board Training Program for the Prevention of Ankle Sprains
Authors: Verhagen Evert , van der Beek Allard , Twisk Jos , Bouter Lex , Bahr Roald , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: July 2004

Background Ankle sprains are the most common injuries in a variety of sports. Hypothesis A proprioceptive balance board program is effective for prevention of ankle sprains in volleyball players. Study Design Prospective controlled study. Methods There were 116 male and female volleyball teams followed prospectively during the 2001-2002 season. Teams were randomized by 4 geographical regions to an intervention group (66 teams, 641 players) and control group (50 teams, 486 players). Intervention teams followed a prescribed balance board training program; control teams followed their normal training routine. The coaches recorded exposure on a weekly basis for each player. Injuries were registered by the players within 1 week after onset. Results Significantly fewer ankle sprains in the intervention group were found compared to the control group (risk difference = 0.4/1000 playing hours; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.7). A significant reduction in ankle sprain risk was found only for players with a history of ankle sprains. The incidence of overuse knee injuries for players with history of knee injury was increased in the intervention group. History of knee injury may be a contraindication for proprioceptive balance board training. Conclusions Use of proprioceptive balance board program is effective for prevention of ankle sprain recurrences.
A Prospective Video-Based Analysis of Injury Situations in Elite Male Football
Authors: Arnason Arni , Tenga Albin , Engebretsen Lars , Bahr Roald 
Published: July 2004

Background The mechanisms for football injuries are largely unknown. Aim To describe the characteristics of injury situations in elite male football using a video-based method called football incident analysis. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods During the 1999 season, videotapes from 52 matches in the Icelandic elite football league were reviewed. Incidents (N = 95) were recorded when the match was interrupted by the referee because of a suspected injury. Team physical therapists recorded injuries prospectively (N = 28 time-loss injuries). Results Duels caused 84 of the incidents, mostly tackling duels (n = 54). The exposed player's attention appeared to be focused away from the opponent in 93% of the cases. The 3 main mechanisms observed were (1) breakdown attacks, tackling from the side or the front, attention focused on the ball (24%); (2) defensive tackling duels, attention focused on the ball or low ball control (20%); and (3) heading duels, attention focused on the ball in the air (13%). Conclusion Most incidents and injuries occurred during breakdown attacks and when a player was involved in tackling duels. Player attention appeared to be focused mainly on the ball, not on the opponent challenging him to gain ball possession.
Interspecies Variation in the Fibroblast Distribution of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Murray Martha Meaney , Weiler Andreas , Spindler Kurt P. 
Published: July 2004

Background The future of the treatment of a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament is likely to involve cell-based therapies. These therapies are intrinsically dependent on the cellular distributions in the ligament. Thus, when selecting an animal model for testing of these new treatment methods, it is important to select a model that has similar cellular distributions to that of the normal human anterior cruciate ligament. Hypothesis There are interspecies differences in the histology of the anterior cruciate ligament. Study Design A descriptive histological study comparing the cell and vessel distribution of normal human anterior cruciate ligaments with that of 3 animal models and anterior cruciate ligaments from osteoarthritic human knees. Methods The histology of each of the anterior cruciate ligament sources was quantified in terms of cell number density, expression of α-smooth muscle actin, blood vessel density, and cell nuclear morphology using standardized histomorphometric techniques. Results The normal human anterior cruciate ligament was similar to the canine anterior cruciate ligament and the anterior cruciate ligament from patients with osteoarthritis with respect to cell density, blood vessel density, and cell nuclear shape. The normal anterior cruciate ligament had significantly fewer vessels than the bovine anterior cruciate ligament and rounder cells than the bovine and ovine anterior cruciate ligaments. Conclusions There is significant interspecies variation in the histology of the anterior cruciate ligament, with the canine anterior cruciate ligament most similar to the human anterior cruciate ligament. Clinical Relevance This finding may have an effect on the accuracy of testing of new, cell-based treatments for the ruptured anterior cruciate ligament, such as guided tissue regeneration.
Follow-Up of Osteochondral Plug Transfers in a Goat Model
Authors: Lane John G. , Massie Jennifer B. , Ball Scott T. , Amiel Michael E. , Chen Albert C. , Bae Won C. , Sah Robert L. , Amiel David 
Published: July 2004

Background Osteochondral transfer procedures are increasingly used to resurface full-thickness articular cartilage defects. There has not been long-term assessment/description of autogenous donor and recipient sites. Hypothesis The healing process occurs at the donor/host cartilage and bone interfaces. Study Design Histologic, biochemical, and biomechanical changes were assessed 6 months after an osteochondral transfer in a goat model. Methods Eight adult goats were studied. In the 6 osteochondral transfer goats, 2 autogenous plugs were transferred from the femoral trochlea to defects in the weightbearing portion of the medial femoral condyle. The goats were allowed free range for 6 months. Randomly assigned plugs were assessed. Results Knees of the sacrificed animals had preservation of the joint space with mild chondromalacic changes in both transfer and contralateral control groups. Histologically, no evidence of cartilage (host/donor) healing was seen. Subchondral bone of the plug was contiguous with the surrounding recipient bone. Cellular viability in the autogenous osteochondral plug was seen, and 35SO4 uptake of the articular cartilage was not statistically different from the contralateral control condyle. The indentation stiffness of the transfer plug (mosaicplasty) and the contralateral donor site were similar—much stiffer than normal cartilage including surrounding condylar cartilage. Large structural stiffness of transferred cores and donor sites appeared to be related to their thinner cartilage layer. Conclusions At 6-month follow-up, a cleft between host and transferred articular regions remained, with no integration between the two. Clinical Relevance Autogenous transplantation of osteochondral plugs is possible with integration of subchondral bone and preservation of chondral viability.
Adult Burkitt leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Blum Kristie A. , Lozanski Gerard , Byrd John C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe World Health Organization Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms identifies Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia as a highly aggressive mature B-cell neoplasm consisting of endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated variants. These subtypes share many morphologic and immunophenotypic features, but differences exist in their clinical and geographic presentations. All of these subtypes possess chromosomal rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene, the genetic hallmark of Burkitt lymphoma that contributes to lymphomagenesis through alterations in cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, cellular adhesion, and metabolism. Brief-duration, high-intensity chemotherapy regimens containing aggressive central nervous system prophylaxis have had remarkable success in the treatment of this disease, with complete remission rates of 75% to 90% and overall survivals reaching 50% to 70% in adults. Although Burkitt lymphoma cells are extremely chemosensitive, biologically targeted therapies should be developed because current treatment options are suboptimal for patients with poor prognostic features or in the setting of relapsed disease.
Conserved CTL epitopes on the adenovirus hexon protein expand subgroup cross-reactive and subgroup-specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Leen Ann M. , Sili Uluhan , Vanin Elio F. , Jewell Alan M. , Xie Weidong , Vignali Dario , Piedra Pedro A. , Brenner Malcolm K. , Rooney Cliona M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAdenoviruses often cause lethal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Adoptive transfer of immune T cells offers a therapeutic option, but this strategy has been hindered by the paucity of information on molecular targets of cellular immunity and by the immunologic heterogeneity of the 51 human adenoviruses, which are grouped from A to F on the basis of genome size, composition, homology, and organization. Clonal analysis of the adenovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses of seropositive individuals identified 5 novel CD8+ T-cell epitopes, all located in conserved regions of the capsid protein hexon. Reactive T cells were cross-reactive between 2 to 4 groups, while no T cells specific for a single subgroup were detected. Thus, by exploiting these peptide targets, it is possible to prepare a T-cell population capable of reacting with most adenoviruses that cause disease in immunocompromised patients.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) activation of endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinases: role of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Deem Tracy L. , Cook-Mills Joan M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLymphocytes bound at endothelial cell junctions extravasate within minutes. Lymphocyte-endothelial cell binding is mediated by receptors such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). VCAM-1 activates endothelial cell nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in minutes, and this activity is required for VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration. In this report, we examined mechanisms for activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration. Lymphocyte binding to VCAM-1 rapidly activated endothelial cell-associated MMPs. Furthermore, inhibition of MMPs on the endothelial cells but not on the lymphocytes blocked VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration across endothelial cells. The activation of endothelial cell MMPs required VCAM-1–stimulated endothelial cell NADPH oxidase activity as determined by scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by pharmacologic or antisense inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Exogenous addition of 1 μM H2O2, the level of H2O2 generated by VCAM-1–stimulated endothelial cells, rapidly activated endothelial cell-associated MMPs. In contrast, activation of lymphocyte-associated MMPs was delayed by hours after binding to VCAM-1, and this activation was blocked by inhibition of endothelial cell ROS generation. There was also a delay in H2O2-induced decrease in lymphocyte-associated tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), resulting in an increase in MMP/TIMP ratio. In summary, this is the first report of a mechanism for ROS function in VCAM-1 activation of endothelial cell MMPs during VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration.
Differences in the chromatin structure and cis-element organization of the human and mouse GATA1 loci: implications for cis-element identification
Authors: Valverde-Garduno Veronica , Guyot Boris , Anguita Eduardo , Hamlett Isla , Porcher Catherine , Vyas Paresh 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCis-element identification is a prerequisite to understand transcriptional regulation of gene loci. From analysis of a limited number of conserved gene loci, sequence comparison has proved a robust and efficient way to locate cis-elements. Human and mouse GATA1 genes encode a critical hematopoietic transcription factor conserved in expression and function. Proper control of GATA1 transcription is critical in regulating myeloid lineage specification and maturation. Here, we compared sequence and systematically mapped position of DNase I hypersensitive sites, acetylation status of histone H3/H4, and in vivo binding of transcription factors over approximately 120 kilobases flanking the human GATA1 gene and the corresponding region in mice. Despite lying in approximately 10 megabase (Mb) conserved syntenic segment, the chromatin structures of the 2 homologous loci are strikingly different. The 2 previously unidentified hematopoietic cis-elements, one in each species, are not conserved in position and sequence and have enhancer activity in erythroid cells. In vivo, they both bind the transcription factors GATA1, SCL, LMO2, and Ldb1. More broadly, there are both species- and regulatory element–specific patterns of transcription factor binding. These findings suggest that some cis-elements regulating human and mouse GATA1 genes differ. More generally, mouse human sequence comparison may fail to identify all cis-elements.
Reduced pigmentation (rp), a mouse model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, encodes a novel component of the BLOC-1 complex
Authors: Gwynn Babette , Martina Jose A. , Bonifacino Juan S. , Sviderskaya Elena V. , Lamoreux M. Lynn , Bennett Dorothy C. , Moriyama Kengo , Huizing Marjan , Helip-Wooley Amanda , Gahl William A. , Webb Lisa S. , Lambert Amy J. , Peters Luanne L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a disorder of organelle biogenesis, affects lysosomes, melanosomes, and platelet dense bodies. Seven genes cause HPS in humans (HPS1-HPS7) and at least 15 nonallelic mutations cause HPS in mice. Where their function is known, the HPS proteins participate in protein trafficking and vesicle docking/fusion events during organelle biogenesis. HPS-associated genes participate in at least 4 distinct protein complexes: the adaptor complex AP-3; biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1), consisting of 4 HPS proteins (pallidin, muted, cappuccino, HPS7/sandy); BLOC-2, consisting of HPS6/ruby-eye, HPS5/ruby-eye-2, and HPS3/cocoa; and BLOC-3, consisting of HPS1/pale ear and HPS4/light ear. Here, we report the cloning of the mouse HPS mutation reduced pigmentation (rp). We show that the wild-type rp gene encodes a novel, widely expressed 195-amino acid protein that shares 87% amino acid identity with its human orthologue and localizes to punctate cytoplasmic structures. Further, we show that phosphorylated RP is part of the BLOC-1 complex. In mutant rp/rp mice, a premature stop codon truncates the protein after 79 amino acids. Defects in all the 5 known components of BLOC-1, including RP, cause severe HPS in mice, suggesting that the subunits are nonredundant and that BLOC-1 plays a key role in organelle biogenesis.
Evaluation of σ-Donating Ability of a 9-Phosphatriptycene and Its Application to Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Agou Tomohiro , Kobayashi Junji , Kawashima Takayuki 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The low σ-donating ability of 9-phosphatriptycene 1 was revealed by cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculations. The tungsten complex of 1 was synthesized and the IR and NMR spectroscopic data of the complex also suggested the low σ-donating ability of 1. 1 was shown to be effective as a ligand in the palladium-catalyzed reactions, the Stille coupling and the Heck reaction.
A Novel Synthesis of syn and anti β-Hydroxy Dithioacetals, Masked Cross-Aldols between Aldehydes
Authors: Saitoh Terunobu , Jimbo Naohisa , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Ketene dithioacetals readily reacted with aldehydes in the presence of a Lewis acid such as BF3·OEt2 or TMSOTf to generate the cationic adducts, which in turn reacted with NaAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2, leading to the corresponding β-hydroxy dithioacetals, masked cross-aldols between aldehydes. Each diastereomer was selectively obtained by choosing the appropriate Lewis acid and substituents on the sulfur atoms of the ketene dithioacetals.
Regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Oximes Using BTBAD under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Murugan R , Reddy B S R 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Bis-tetrabutylammonium dichromate (BTBAD) has been found to be an efficient and new reagent for the conversion of oximes to the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The reaction was performed under microwave irradiation and gave excellent yields. It also facilitates the de-protection of acetals and ketals.
Performance Enhancement by Blending an Electron Acceptor in TiO2/polyphenylenevinylene/Au Solid-state Solar Cells
Authors: Takahashi Kohshin , Seto Kaname , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Nakamura Jun-ichi , Yokoe Chiho , Murata Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
When an electron acceptor, [2-[2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile (DCM) was blended into poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylenehexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) in a TiO2/MEH-PPV/Au sandwich-type solar cell, the cell performance was remarkably enhanced, resulting in 0.47% of energy conversion yield under the irradiation of AM 1.5–100 mW/cm2.
Growth Hormone Use in Children with Idiopathic Short Stature
Authors: Weise Karen L , Nahata Milap C 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVE: To review the indication, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse effects of recombinant human growth hormone in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966–December 2003) was performed using the key words human growth hormone, somatropin, Humatrope, normal children, somatrem, and idiopathic short stature. Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committee Meeting minutes were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: The data presented in this review were obtained from published literature, abstracts presented at scientific meetings, and information on file with the manufacturer. Additional articles from these sources were also identified. Current issues of pediatric and endocrinology journals were reviewed for the most recent articles. Articles only addressing the use of growth hormone in normal, healthy children were used. DATA SYNTHESIS: Somatropin is indicated for use in children with ISS. Studies have shown modest benefit to final height achieved and, at the doses used for ISS, there have been no adverse effects associated with somatropin. Many questions still exist, however, concerning the most appropriate age to initiate treatment and duration of treatment. There are also many ethical concerns surrounding patient selection criteria and potential for increased off-label use. CONCLUSIONS: Growth hormone has been found to have modest efficacy in improving final height in children with ISS. The specific patient population likely to achieve maximal benefit, optimal dosage regimens, and the long-term adverse effects of extended duration of therapy are unknown.
Second-Generation Thiazolidinediones and Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Marcy Todd R , Britton Mark L , Blevins Steve M 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of hepatotoxicity probably caused by pioglitazone, summarize case reports of hepatotoxicity induced by rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, and make recommendations regarding routine liver enzyme measurement in patients taking these agents. CASE SUMMARY: A 39-year-old black woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and congestive heart failure presented to a pharmacist-staffed diabetes comanagement service. She reported fatigue, dark brown urine, nausea, itching, and loss of appetite. Pioglitazone was promptly discontinued because her symptoms were consistent with those of hepatic dysfunction and pioglitazone was identified as a potential cause. The patient was referred to her physician. Liver enzyme levels were checked 13 days after initial presentation and found to be abnormal: alanine aminotransferase 490 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 360 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 851 U/L, total bilirubin 3.1 mg/dL, direct bilirubin 2.0 mg/dL, and indirect bilirubin 1.1 mg/dL. Within 21/2 months of discontinuing pioglitazone, the patient's symptoms resolved and liver enzyme levels returned to normal. DISCUSSION: Troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD), was removed from the market because of hepatotoxicity. Reported cases involving the newer TZDs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, have been few in number and less severe in consequence. Six cases of rosiglitazone-induced hepatotoxicity and 5 of pioglitazone-induced hepatotoxicity have been reported. Most patients improved symptomatically 2–4 weeks following discontinuation of the offending TZD, with normalization of liver enzyme levels in 2 weeks to 6 months following TZD discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: Although the timeline and extent of liver enzyme elevation in this case are unclear, the Naranjo probability scale suggests that a causal relationship between pioglitazone and liver disease is probable. Patients with previous TZD-induced hepatotoxicity should not be rechallenged. Cases of hepatotoxicity with second generation TZDs, although clearly linked, have been few in number and less severe in consequence when compared to troglitazone. We agree with current package labeling that requires baseline and then periodic measurement of liver enzymes in patients taking pioglitazone or rosiglitazone.