bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learners’ mathematical identities: exploring relationships between high school learners and significant others
Authors: Gweshe Lovejoy Comfort , Brodie Karin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany researchers have tried to understand why some learners engage in and others disengage from mathematics by exploring learners’ mathematical identities. Significant others (i.e., teachers, peers and family members) offer learners’ different opportunities for mathematical identity support, but no study has explored their collective role in supporting or constraining learners’ identities. In this paper, we explore how relationships between high school learners and different groups of significant others shaped learners’ narrated mathematical identities. Fifty Grade 10 learners responded to a mathematical identity questionnaire. After analysing the results of the questionnaire, six learners were purposively selected for a semi-structured interview, and the interview data were analysed thematically. Identities are described as robust-leaning, mixed or fragile-leaning, depending on learners’ narrated confidence, persistence, beliefs and sense of belonging to or exclusion from mathematics communities. Relationships with teachers, peers and family members are described as robust-enhancing or fragile-enhancing, depending on the kind of identity encouraged by the relationships. The findings show that many learners narrated fragile-leaning identities, and all the learners showed some robustness and fragility in their identities. The more groups of significant others a learner developed robust-enhancing relationships with, the more likely the learner narrated a robust-leaning identity. We argue that understanding learners’ identities requires understanding their relationships with the three different groups of significant others as a collective.
Factors affecting the fatigue strength of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts
Authors: Johnsen Anders Rygg , Petersen Jan Erik , Pedersen Mikkel Melters , Yıldırım Halid Can 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdditively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts may show better mechanical properties than those of cast and wrought materials. However there are significant uncertainties on the fatigue properties. In this study, a detailed analysis of Ti-6Al-4V parts was reviewed. A correlation on fatigue properties was observed based on microstructure, surface and internal quality. This relation was formulated in a developed model called MIS (Microstructure, Internal, Surface) that describes the domain of the AM part failing based on surface and internal quality. To assess the fatigue strength, correction factors are determined for two SN-curves within the limits provided.
For human-like models, train on human-like tasks
Authors: Hermann Katherine , Nayebi Aran , van Steenkiste Sjoerd , Jones Matt 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bowers et al. express skepticism about deep neural networks (DNNs) as models of human vision due to DNNs' failures to account for results from psychological research. We argue that to fairly assess DNNs, we must first train them on more human-like tasks which we hypothesize will induce more human-like behaviors and representations.
There is a fundamental, unbridgeable gap between DNNs and the visual cortex
Authors: Gur Moshe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Deep neural networks (DNNs) are not just inadequate models of the visual system but are so different in their structure and functionality that they are not even on the same playing field. DNN units have almost nothing in common with neurons, and, unlike visual neurons, they are often fully connected. At best, DNNs can label inputs, while our object perception is both holistic and detail preserving. A feat that no computational system can achieve.
Neural networks, AI, and the goals of modeling
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have found many useful applications in recent years. Of particular interest have been those instances where their successes imitate human cognition and many consider artificial intelligences to offer a lens for understanding human intelligence. Here, we criticize the underlying conflation between the predictive and explanatory power of DNNs by examining the goals of modeling.
Present‐Day Regional Antarctic Sea Ice Response to Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Ward Jamie L. , Payne Ashley E. , Pettersen C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBoth atmospheric warming and poleward moisture transport increase the likelihood of sea ice surface melt. In the Southern Hemisphere, short‐lived extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are responsible for a bulk of total heat and moisture transport toward high latitudes. Although these storms form ubiquitously in the midlatitudes, moisture availability and temperature characteristics vary by source region. In this study, we assess atmospheric, oceanic, and sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies associated with austral winter ETCs over different Antarctic regions using ERA5 reanalysis data. Between 1990 and 2019, we find a total of 514 ETCs, with greater storm frequency in the eastern hemisphere groups. Compared to the climatology, sea ice melts (grows) behind the warm (cold) front of each system and is negatively correlated with atmospheric poleward moisture transport, temperature, meridional winds, and sea surface temperature for all ETCs. We find that Bellingshausen storms move moisture and warm air furthest poleward over their lifespan. However, East Weddell and East Antarctic ETCs are responsible for greater absolute poleward moisture transport than Bellingshausen and Ross systems. More intense ETCs correspond to greater SIC through Day 1, suggesting that SIC impacts ETC strength, regardless of ETC region. From cyclogenesis to cyclolysis, sea ice extent declines underneath composite ETCs, trends are generally not significant. Overall, while sea ice response produced by ETC‐induced atmospheric and oceanic changes varies regionally, the long‐term impacts of ETCs on regional sea ice are negligible over the study period.
Disentangling sensory precision and prior expectation of change in autism during tactile discrimination
Authors: Sapey-Triomphe Laurie-Anne , Sanchez Gaëtan , Hénaff Marie-Anne , Sonié Sandrine , Schmitz Christina , Mattout Jérémie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPredictive coding theories suggest that core symptoms in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may stem from atypical mechanisms of perceptual inference (i.e., inferring the hidden causes of sensations). Specifically, there would be an imbalance in the precision or weight ascribed to sensory inputs relative to prior expectations. Using three tactile behavioral tasks and computational modeling, we specifically targeted the implicit dynamics of sensory adaptation and perceptual learning in ASD. Participants were neurotypical and autistic adults without intellectual disability. In Experiment I, tactile detection thresholds and adaptation effects were measured to assess sensory precision. Experiments II and III relied on two-alternative forced choice tasks designed to elicit a time-order effect, where prior knowledge biases perceptual decisions. Our results suggest a subtler explanation than a simple imbalance in the prior/sensory weights, having to do with the dynamic nature of perception, that is the adjustment of precision weights to context. Compared to neurotypicals, autistic adults showed no difference in average performance and sensory sensitivity. Both groups managed to implicitly learn and adjust a prior that biased their perception. However, depending on the context, autistic participants showed no, normal or slower adaptation, a phenomenon that computational modeling of trial-to-trial responses helped us to associate with a higher expectation for sameness in ASD, and to dissociate from another observed robust difference in terms of response bias. These results point to atypical perceptual learning rather than altered perceptual inference per se, calling for further empirical and computational studies to refine the current predictive coding theories of ASD.
Pre-hospital symptoms associated with acute bacterial meningitis differs between children and adults
Authors: Hovmand Nichlas , Christensen Helle Collatz , Lundbo Lene Fogt , Kronborg Gitte , Darsø Perle , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj Fasmer , Benfield Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCommunity acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) is a medical emergency requiring timely appropriate action. More knowledge about pre-hospital symptoms is needed. Retrospective observational study of pre-hospital management in patients with CABM between 2016 and 2021 admitted to a hospital in the Capital Region of Denmark. Reported symptoms were extracted from archived audio files of the initial phone call to emergency medical service. The majority of the 209 patients (82%) were adults. The most common symptoms were altered mental state (58%) and fever (57%), while neck stiffness was less common (9%). Children more often presented with fever, fatigue, rashes, and neck stiffness, while adults more often presented with altered mental state, and leg pain. Most patients (85%) reported at least 1 of the 3 symptoms in the classical triad of meningitis, while 3% reported all 3. Children more often presented at least 2 of 3 symptoms in the triad. One child (3%) and 7 adults (4%) received antibiotics pre-admission. Patients with CABM reported a variety of symptoms that differed significantly in children and adults. The classic triad was rare. Very few patients received antibiotics pre-admission. We suggest that questioning relevant symptoms should be done in febrile or mentally altered patients.
Synthesis, characterization, and application of novel aryldiazenyl disperse dyes on polyester fabrics
Authors: Omar Alaa Z. , Khamis Asmaa M. , Hamed Ezzat A. , El-Sadany Samir K. , Rehim Elsayed M. Abdel , Elba Mohamed E. , Mohamed Mohamed G. , El-Atawy Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAzo dyes are widely used for dyeing polyester fabrics but require optimization of properties like color strength and fastness. Fourteen novel disperse azo dyes were synthesized from 2,3-naphthalenediol and aniline derivatives to examine their potential for polyester dyeing. The dyes were prepared via diazotization and coupling reactions and characterized using FT-IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, several techniques were employed to study the azo-hydrazone tautomerism, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and computational methods. DFT computations revealed hydrazone tautomers were more stable than azo tautomers. The prepared azo dyes were applied on polyester fabrics at 2% depth using a high temperature pressure technique in water utilizing DYEWELL-002 as a dispersing agent. The color shading of dyed polyester samples ranged from peach amber to apple of my eye, depending on the coupler moieties. The fastness properties, assessed using a grey scale of dyed polyester fabrics, indicated very good to excellent grades for most dyes. Additionally, measurements of color strength (K/S), dye exhaustion (%E), as well as colorimetric colors CILAB of dyed polyester fabrics values, were measured and discussed in terms of the effect of substituents. The findings provide new insights into structure-performance relationships to design optimized disperse dyes for polyester coloration. Overall, the synthesized aryldiazenyl dyes are promising candidates for dyeing polyester fabrics across a spectrum of shades with good fastness properties.
Semisynthesis of 5-O-ester derivatives of renieramycin T and their cytotoxicity against non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Buaban Koonchira , Innets Bhurichaya , Petsri Korrakod , Sinsook Suwimon , Chanvorachote Pithi , Chansriniyom Chaisak , Suwanborirux Khanit , Yokoya Masashi , Saito Naoki , Chamni Supakarn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe semisynthesis of 5-O-ester derivatives of renieramycin T was accomplished through the photoredox reaction of renieramycin M (1), a bistetrahydroisoquinolinequinone alkaloid isolated from the Thai blue sponge Xestospongia sp. This process led to the conversion of compound 1 to renieramycin T (2), which was subsequently subjected to Steglich esterification with appropriate acylating agents containing linear alkyl, N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-amino, and heterocyclic aromatic substituent. Notably, the one-pot transformation, combining the photoredox reaction and esterification led to the formation of 7-O-ester derivatives of renieramycin S due to hydrolysis. Subsequently, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the 17 semisynthesized derivatives against human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in parallel with normal cell lines was evaluated. Among the tested compounds, 5-O-(3-propanoyl) ester of renieramycin T (3b) exhibited potent cytotoxic activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values at 33.44 and 33.88 nM against H292 and H460 cell lines, respectively. These values were within the same range as compound 1 (IC50 = 34.43 and 35.63 nM) and displayed twofold higher cytotoxicity compared to compound 2 (IC50 = 72.85 and 83.95 nM). The steric characteristics and aromatic orientation of the 5-O-ester substituents played significant roles in their cytotoxicity. Notably, derivative 3b induced apoptosis with minimal necrosis, in contrast to the parental compound 1. Hence, the relationship between the structure and cytotoxicity of renieramycin–ecteinascidin hybrid alkaloids was investigated. This study emphasizes the potential of the series of 5-O-ester derivatives of renieramycin T as promising leads for the further development of potential anti-NSCLC agents.
Increased drought and extreme events over continental United States under high emissions scenario
Authors: Gautam Sagar , Mishra Umakant , Scown Corinne D. , Ghimire Rajan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe frequency, severity, and extent of climate extremes in future will have an impact on human well-being, ecosystems, and the effectiveness of emissions mitigation and carbon sequestration strategies. The specific objectives of this study were to downscale climate data for US weather stations and analyze future trends in meteorological drought and temperature extremes over continental United States (CONUS). We used data from 4161 weather stations across the CONUS to downscale future precipitation projections from three Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Six (CMIP6), specifically for the high emission scenario SSP5 8.5. Comparing historic observations with climate model projections revealed a significant bias in total annual precipitation days and total precipitation amounts. The average number of annual precipitation days across CONUS was projected to be 205 ± 26, 184 ± 33, and 181 ± 25 days in the BCC, CanESM, and UKESM models, respectively, compared to 91 ± 24 days in the observed data. Analyzing the duration of drought periods in different ecoregions of CONUS showed an increase in the number of drought months in the future (2023–2052) compared to the historical period (1989–2018). The analysis of precipitation and temperature changes in various ecoregions of CONUS revealed an increased frequency of droughts in the future, along with longer durations of warm spells. Eastern temperate forests and the Great Plains, which encompass the majority of CONUS agricultural lands, are projected to experience higher drought counts in the future. Drought projections show an increasing trend in future drought occurrences due to rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. Our high-resolution climate projections can inform policy makers about the hotspots and their anticipated future trajectories.
Gene association analysis of an osteopontin polymorphism and ketosis resistance in dairy cattle
Authors: Bauer Edyta A. , Kułaj Dominika , Sawicki Sebastian , Pokorska Joanna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the c.495C > T polymorphism within exon 1 of the osteopontin gene (OPN), and to analyze its association with susceptibility to ketosis in Polish Holstein–Friesian (HF) cows. The study utilized blood samples from 977 HF cows, for the determination of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and for DNA isolation. The c.495C > T polymorphism of the bovine osteopontin gene was determined by PCR–RFLP. The CT genotype (0.50) was deemed the most common, while TT (0.08) was the rarest genotype. Cows with ketosis most often had the CC genotype, while cows with the TT genotype had the lowest incidence of ketosis. To confirm the relationship between the genotype and ketosis in cows, a weight of evidence (WoE) was generated. A very strong effect of the TT genotype on resistance to ketosis was demonstrated. The distribution of the ROC curve shows that the probability of resistance to ketosis is > 75% if cows have the TT genotype of the OPN gene (cutoff value is 0.758). Results suggest that TT genotype at the c.495C > T locus of the OPN gene might be effective way to detect the cows with risk of ketosis.
Prevalence and associated factors of moderate to severe erectile dysfunction among adult men in Malaysia
Authors: Rezali Muhammad Solihin , Mohamad Anuar Mohamad Fuad , Abd Razak Mohamad Aznuddin , Chong Zhuo Lin , Shaharudin Azli Baharudin , Kassim Mohd Shaiful Azlan , Mohamed Daud Mohamed Ashraf , Ismail Shaiful Bahari , Said Zakiah Mohd 
Published: December 2023

AbstractErectile dysfunction (ED) is a pervasive problem among men, often shrouded in silence and stigma. This manuscript analysed the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 data to identify the prevalence of moderate to severe ED among men aged 18 and above in Malaysia and describe its associated factors. Self-administered questionnaire on ED utilised a locally validated International Index of Erectile Function. Variables on sociodemographics, risky lifestyles and comorbidities were obtained via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The prevalence was determined using complex sampling analysis, and logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors of ED. A sample of 2403 men aged ≥ 18 participated, with a moderate to severe ED prevalence was 31.6% (95% CI 28.8, 34.6). The mean (± SD) of the total score of IIEF-5 for overall respondents was 18.16 (± 4.13). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between moderate to severe ED among men aged 60 years and above, single or divorcee, men without formal, primary, and secondary education, non-government employees, unemployed, and retiree, as well as physically inactive men. Focused public health interventions are necessary to improve education in sexual health, increase health promotion programs, and promote healthy ageing across the population.
Modelling the longitudinal measurement of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatient follow-up in the northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Yoseph , Geremew Habtamu , Gashu Chalachew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a condition which can be prevented and treated and is characterized by difficulty of breathing that is not entirely curable. The overall objective of this study was to model the variation of longitudinal measurement over time for outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases at the University of Gondar referral hospital. From February 1, 2019, to February 1, 2022, a retrospective study of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was conducted in a hospital. The data was extracted from all patients' data records from the patient’s chart. The information includes the fundamental demographic and clinical details of each outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mixed linear model were used to investigate the determinant factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. From a total of 266 outpatients, Averages of the ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were 0.65, with a standard deviation of 0.043. Comorbidities (average = 2.18, 95% CI 0.43:3.9, P = 0.0133), HIV(average = 4.83, 95% CI 1.94:7.72, P = 0.0012), education (average = 2.98; 95% CI 0.75:4.8, P = 0.008), and weight (average = 0.178, 95% CI 0.045:0.311, P = 0.009) are risk factors for change in forced vital capacity. This study clearly shows that there is a high COPD prevalence in Ethiopia. The risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are the smoking status, comorbidities, HIV, education status of the patient, weight, and time of the visit.
Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and traceability analysis of organic matter in Shahe Reservoir (Beijing, China)
Authors: Wen Sun , Yang Zhang , Biao Peng , Jing Wang , Liu Dian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractShahe Reservoir is a key node in the upstream of the North Canal, and the water quality has gradually improved after the implementation of low water operation in 2018. The organic matter(OM) in the sediment decreased from 16.66 to 14.22%.In this study, the FI index and parallel factor method were used to investigate the traceability of OM and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Shahe Reservoir before and during low water level operation(LWLO), and the results showed that the terrestrial source fraction of OM in sediments was mainly related to organic-rich terrestrial plant residues carried by tributaries and overflows/outfalls during the rainy season, and the FI index indicated that the organic matter (OM) in the Shahe Reservoir before and during LWLO in each DOM in the area is derived from authigenic sources of autotrophic microorganisms, algae, etc. The parallel factor method shows that more than most of the pollutants in the DOM are input from endogenous sources and a small proportion of pollutants are input from exogenous sources. Nutrients in both sediment and interstitial water increased during the LWLO, with TN and TP levels increasing by 262.38 and 204.45 mg·kg−1 in sediment, NH4+–N, PO43−−P, TN and TP in interstitial water increasing by 0.98, 1.36, 2.07 and 4.33 mg·L−1, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that OM was significantly correlated with nutrients: OM and TN (p < 0.01) and OM and TP (p < 0.05) in the pre-LWLO; OM and TN and TP (p < 0.01) in the LWLO.The results suggested that organic matter pollution control should be mainly carried out from the perspective of endogenous input, focusing on controlling the release of nutrients in sediments.
Attachment discs of the diving bell spider Argyroneta aquatica
Authors: Schaber Clemens F. , Grawe Ingo , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo adhere their silk threads for the construction of webs and to fix the dragline, spiders produce attachment discs of piriform silk. Uniquely, the aquatic spider Argyroneta aquatica spends its entire life cycle underwater. Therefore, it has to glue its attachment discs to substrates underwater. Here we show that Argyroneta aquatica applies its thread anchors within an air layer around the spinnerets maintained by superhydrophobic setae. During spinning, symmetric movements of the spinnerets ensure retaining air in the contact area. The flat structure of the attachment discs is thought to facilitate fast curing of the piriform adhesive cement and improves the resistance against drag forces. Pull-off tests on draglines connected with attachment discs on different hydrophilic substrates point to dragline rupture as the failure mode. The Young´s modulus of the dragline (8.3 GPa) is within the range as in terrestrial spiders. The shown structural and behavioral adaptations can be the model for new artificial underwater gluing devices.