bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lepirudin in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation
Authors: Dager William E , Gosselin Robert C , Yoshikawa Richard , Owings John T 
Published: March 2004

OBJECTIVE To report a case of intermediate-probability suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) treated with lepirudin in a patient requiring continuous extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO). CASE SUMMARY A 17-year-old girl was admitted with multiple traumatic injuries including severe bilateral pulmonary contusions. Within 48 hours, she developed progressive pulmonary failure despite mechanical ventilation, and was placed on ECMO. Anticoagulation of the ECMO circuit was facilitated by unfractionated heparin (UFH). The platelet count of 116 × 103/mm3 after initiation of ECMO gradually decreased over 5 days to 44 × 103/mm3. On ECMO day 5, a highly positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIT antibodies was reported, and the UFH infusion was discontinued. Lepirudin was immediately started with a bolus of 0.1 mg/kg, followed by an infusion of 0.12 mg/kg/h, with a target activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ratio approximately 2 times control. The ECMO circuit was maintained without any unexpected bleeding complications or thrombosis for 6 additional days until the patient died secondary to pulmonary failure after ECMO was removed. DISCUSSION Use of ECMO typically requires continuous infusion of UFH to keep the circuit from clotting. In patients with HIT, alternative anticoagulation using a direct thrombin inhibitor may be warranted. Lepirudin was effectively used to maintain the circuit despite continued presence of heparin molecules impregnated into the ECMO circuit tubing. The aPTT was successfully used to monitor and adjust the lepirudin infusion. CONCLUSIONS In patients requiring ECMO in the presence of HIT, anticoagulation of the ECMO circuit may be accomplished using a continuous infusion of a direct thrombin inhibitor such as lepirudin.
Terbutaline for Chronotropic Support in Heart Transplantation
Authors: Coons James C , Shullo Michael , Schonder Kristine , Kormos Robert 
Published: March 2004

OBJECTIVE To report the use of oral terbutaline for chronotropic support in a patient who had undergone heart transplantation. CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old white man received a heart transplant secondary to ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. His clinical course was uncomplicated until postoperative day 10, when he became hemodynamically compromised despite inotropic therapy (BP 88/53 mm Hg, mean HR 80 beats/min) secondary to stage IIIa rejection. Although a continuous intravenous infusion of dobutamine was maintained, therapy with oral terbutaline 2.5 mg every 6 hours was initiated. Because the patient remained bradycardic on postoperative day 11 (HR 64 beats/min; mean 75), terbutaline was titrated to a dosage of 5 mg every 8 hours. Subsequently, an improvement in the hemodynamic profile (BP 140/78 mm Hg, mean HR 91 beats/min) was noted. Treatment with terbutaline was continued for 13 days and was well tolerated. DISCUSSION As of February 11, 2004, this is the first case, to our knowledge, to describe the use of oral terbutaline therapy for chronotropic support in the setting of acute rejection after heart transplantation. Terbutaline is a β2-adrenergic agonist that may mediate its effects via direct β2-receptor stimulation, baroreceptor-mediated increases in sympathetic tone, or via presynaptic β2-stimulation. Although isoproterenol has been the mainstay of therapy for chronotropic support in this setting, its availability has been an issue in recent years. Terbutaline, therefore, may represent a useful alternative for chronotropic support in the setting of heart transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Terbutaline therapy did not appear to be associated with any significant adverse effects and warrants further application and study in this setting.
Pharmaceutical Care for HIV Patients on Directly Observed Therapy
Authors: Foisy Michelle M , Akai Peter S 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND Inner-city patients infected with HIV can be a challenging group to treat. Homelessness, mental illness, substance abuse, and hepatitis C infection may serve as barriers to effective treatment. A multidisciplinary team including the pharmacist can impact upon the delivery of care to the inner-city HIV patient population. OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation and provision of pharmaceutical care to inner-city patients taking directly observed therapy (DOT), as well as drug-related problems (DRPs) and their respective outcomes. METHODS Pharmaceutical care, including the prospective identification and management of DRPs, was provided by a clinical pharmacist. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were followed over a 14-month period. Overall, 149 DRPs were identified and >95% were resolved. Those included (1) adverse effects (n = 56; gastrointestinal, central nervous system effects, allergies, laboratory abnormalities), (2) drug interactions (n = 32), (3) drugs indicated for comorbidities (n = 24; safety in pregnancy, tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis, oral candidiasis, herpes zoster, nutritional supplements), (4) adherence issues (n = 20; altering timing of medication, changing formulation, decreasing pill burden), (5) drugs no longer indicated (n = 10; opportunistic infection prophylaxis, treatment of primary infection), and (6) dosage adjustment (n = 7) for weight and renal insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS In the provision of pharmaceutical care to HIV-infected patients on DOT, an HIV pharmacist significantly contributed to antiretroviral selection, monitoring of drug therapy, and managing DRPs. An HIV pharmacist can assist in promoting patient adherence and improved outcomes in this setting.
Nitazoxanide Treatment for Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis in Children
Authors: Bailey Jason M , Erramouspe John 
Published: March 2004

OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, drug interactions, dosing recommendations, and clinical efficacy of nitazoxanide, a new antiprotozoal/anthelmintic/antibacterial agent. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search (1966-February 2004) of both human and animal research data published in the English language was conducted. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All primary and review articles pertaining to the MEDLINE search were reviewed for inclusion. Emphasis was placed on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. DATA SYNTHESIS Nitazoxanide is approved for the treatment of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis (first drug approved for the latter indication) in immune-competent children <12 years of age. Most studies in immune-competent patients have reported clinical and parasitologic response rates close to 80% and 70%, respectively, for both indications. Response rates have been lower in immune-compromised patients. CONCLUSIONS Nitazoxanide should be available for patients unable to tolerate or adhere to first-line therapy employed for these intestinal protozoa. THIS ARTICLE IS APPROVED FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDIT ACPE UNIVERSAL PROGRAM NUMBER: 407-000-04-014-H01
Telling a story or telling it straight: the effects of entertaining versus accurate retellings on memory
Authors: Dudukovic Nicole M. , Marsh Elizabeth J. , Tversky Barbara 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPeople retell events for different reasons. Sometimes they try to be accurate, other times entertaining. What characterizes retellings from different perspectives? How does retelling perspective affect later recall of events? In the current research, participants retold a story either three times or not at all. By instruction, retellings were either entertaining or accurate. Compared to accurate retellings, entertaining retellings contained more affect, but fewer sensory references. On a subsequent memory test, participants who retold with an accuracy goal recalled the greatest number of story events, and their recall protocols were the most accurate and detailed, and least exaggerated. However, recognition memory did not differ across groups, suggesting that differences in retrieval structures (necessary for recall but not recognition) were key to understanding later differences in memory. Compared to telling it straight, the creative process of telling a story leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in later recall. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of anxious mood induction on suggestibility to misleading post‐event information
Authors: Ridley Anne M. , Clifford Brian R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractLittle research has been carried out into the effects of anxious mood at the time of either the encoding of misleading post‐event information or the time of its possible retrieval, on subsequent suggestibility. Participants comprised 160 first‐year undergraduates. Using a standard suggestibility paradigm, half of all participants were exposed to misleading information while half were non‐misinformed controls. In addition there were four state anxiety conditions, dependent on the timing of the anxious mood induction: at the time of encoding misleading information; at retrieval only; at both encoding and retrieval; or at neither encoding nor retrieval (controls). Results showed memory accuracy for non‐suggestible items was unaffected by the anxious mood induction. With respect to suggestibility, there was a strong effect of misleading information. In addition, within the misinformed group, all three groups who experienced the anxious mood induction were significantly less suggestible than controls. These findings are discussed both in terms of theories of anxiety and cognition and the applied implications for the increasing use by the police of video‐recorded witness interviews. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive robust force control for vehicle active suspensions
Authors: Chantranuwathana Supavut , Peng Huei 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the modular adaptive robust control (MARC) technique is applied to design the force loop controller of an electro‐hydraulic active suspension system. A key advantage of this modular design approach lies in the fact that the adaptation algorithm can be designed for explicit estimation convergence. The effect of parameter adaptation on force tracking performance can be compensated and thus it is possible to guaranteed certain control performance. Experimental results from a quarter‐car active suspension test rig show that when realistic external disturbances and measurement noises exist, the modular design achieves a better estimate than the non‐modular ARC design. The improved estimation was found to result in control signals with slightly lower magnitude while maintaining similar tracking performance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aftertreatment control and adaptation for automotive lean burn engines with HEGO sensors
Authors: Sun Jing , Kim Yong Wha , Wang Leyi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractControl of aftertreatment systems for lean burn technology engines represents a big challenge, due to the lack of on‐board emission measurements and the sensitivity of the hardware components to ageing and sulphur poisoning. In this paper, we consider the control and adaptation of aftertreatment systems involving lean NOx trap (LNT). A phenomenological LNT model is presented to facilitate the model‐based control and adaptation. A control strategy based on the LNT model and HEGO (heated exhaust gas oxygen) sensor feedback is discussed. A linear parametric model, which is derived by exploiting the physical properties of the LNT is used for adaptation of trap capacity and feedgas NOx emission models. The conditions under which parameter convergence will be achieved are derived for the proposed adaptive scheme. Simulation results for different scenarios are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of control and adaptation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Closed‐loop combustion control of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine dynamics
Authors: Bengtsson J. , Strandh P. , Johansson R. , Tunestål P. , Johansson B. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractHomogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a hybrid of the spark ignition and compression ignition engine concepts. As in a spark ignition engine, a homogeneous fuel–air mixture is created in the inlet system. During the compression stroke the temperature of the mixture increases and reaches the point of auto ignition, just as in a compression ignition engine (or diesel). One challenge with HCCI engines is the need for good timing control of the combustion. Auto ignition of a homogeneous mixture is very sensitive to operating condition. Even small variations of the load can change the timing from too early to too late combustion. Thus a fast combustion timing control is necessary since it sets the performance limitation of the load control. As measurement for combustion timing feedback, the crank angle of 50% burnt has been used. This paper performs a comparative study of different cylinder‐pressure based methods for estimating the crank angle of 50% burnt, CA50. The estimates are compared in terms of accuracy, robustness and feasibility for cycle‐to‐cycle real‐time control. Dynamic models of CA50 are estimated using system identification as a means to find models relevant to engine control. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced misfire detection using adaptive signal processing
Authors: Naik Sanjeev 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of internal combustion engine misfire detection. Specific attention is paid to misfire detection using crankshaft speed measurements. After an initial analysis of the problem, the applicability of advanced signal processing methods to its solution is discussed. We demonstrate how adaptive filtering techniques can lead to improved misfire detection accuracy. This can lead to reduced mis‐detection as well as false alarm rates. The general concept of estimating and removing periodic, time‐varying components may also be applied to other automotive problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing single and serial homicide offenses
Authors: Kraemer Gretchen W. , Lord Wayne D. , Heilbrun Kirk 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSerial homicide has attracted much attention, but little empirical scientific investigation. This exploratory study reports demographic information on a large sample of serial homicide offenders (157 offenders, 608 victims), and compares a subsample of serial homicide offenses with a control group of single homicide offenses. Results show that serial homicide offenders target more women than men, and kill more strangers than family or friends. Single homicide offenders kill men and women in equal frequency, but kill family and friends more often than strangers. Serial homicide offenders kill for apparent sexual motivation more often than for any other reason, while single homicide offenders kill most often out of anger. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of isosorbide dinitrate on methemoglobin reductase enzyme activity and antioxidant states
Authors: İnal Mi̇ne Erden , Egüz Ayşe Meral 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIsosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) has been used in the treatment of ischaemic cardiovascular diseases for many years. ISDN is the most popular nitric oxide donor and causes methemoglobinemia as an important side‐effect. The purpose of this study was to examine antioxidant states and methemoglobin reductase activity after giving ISDN and ISDN plus vitamin E. Rats were divided into three groups according to the treatment: control group, ISDN group and ISDN plus vit. E group. We measured reduced glutathione in blood (GSH), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and NADH‐dependent methemoglobin reductase activities. In the ISDN group, plasma MDA levels were significantly high compared to the control and ISDN+vit. E groups (p < 0.001). In the ISDN and ISDN+vit. E groups, blood GSH levels were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Changes of SOD and GPx activities were not significant. In the ISDN and ISDN+vit. E groups the erythrocyte catalase and NADH‐dependent methemoglobin reductase activities were significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). We conclude that oxidant drugs such as ISDN need to be carefully used because of lipid peroxidation and methemoglobinemia. These findings support the notion that vitamine E protects tissues against oxidative stress. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Nature of the Plateau in Two‐Step Dinuclear Spin‐Crossover Complexes
Authors: Ksenofontov Vadim , Gaspar Ana B. , Niel Virginie , Reiman Sergey , Real José A. , Gütlich Philipp 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA remarkable feature of the spin‐crossover process in several dinuclear iron(II) compounds is a plateau in the two‐step transition curve. Up to now, it has not been possible to analyse the spin state of dinuclear pairs that constitute such a plateau, due to the relative high temperatures at which the transition takes place in complexes investigated so far. We solved this problem by experimentally studying a novel dinuclear spin‐crossover compound [{Fe(phdia)(NCS)2}2(phdia)] (phdia: 4,7‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐diamine). We report here on the synthesis and characterisation of this system, which exhibits a two‐step spin transition at Tc1=108 K and Tc2=80 K, displaying 2 K and 7 K wide thermal hysteresis loops in the upper and the lower steps, respectively. A plateau of approximately 20 K width centred at about 90 K, which corresponds to the 50 % of the spin conversion, separates the two transitions. The composition of the plateau was identified in metastable state after quenching to 4.2 K by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy in an external magnetic field. Such experiments revealed that the plateau consists mainly of [HS–LS] pairs (HS=high spin, LS=low spin) and confirmed the hypothesis that the spin conversion in dinuclear entities proceeds through [LS–LS]↔[HS–LS]↔[HS–HS] pairs. The results are discussed in terms of a thermodynamic model based on the regular solution theory adapted for dinuclear spin‐crossover compounds.
AlIII Ion Complexes of Saccharic Acid and Mucic Acid: A Solution and Solid‐State Study
Authors: Lakatos Andrea , Bertani Roberta , Kiss Tamas , Venzo Alfonso , Casarin Maurizio , Benetollo Franco , Ganis Paolo , Favretto Donata 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe AlIII‐binding abilities of two aldaric acids, D‐saccharic acid and mucic acid (the neutral form is denoted as H2L), were studied in solution by means of pH potentiometric, 1H and 13C NMR, and ESI‐MS techniques. The most probable conformations and isomeric binding modes of the complexes formed in solution were determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A solid D‐saccharic acid complex K2[{Al(LH−2)(H2O)}2]⋅H2O was isolated and crystallographically characterised. The two alcoholic hydroxy groups α to the terminal COO− groups were found to take part in the coordination, but in different ways. One of them coordinates in a bridging mode. Detailed ESI‐MS and NMR studies proved that the complex retains its structure in solution. However, depending on the ligand and the pH, such complexes may exist in two isomeric forms. DFT calculations on the ion [{Al(LH−2)(H2O)}2]2− revealed that several orbitals participate in stabilizing the dimeric arrangement.
Chiroptical Analysis of Marine Sponge Alkaloids Sharing the Pyrrolopyrazinone Core
Authors: Jacquot Delphine E. N. , Mayer Peter , Lindel Thomas 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA systematic experimental study has been conducted on the chiroptical properties of bi‐ and tricyclic pyrrolopyrazinones, which occur as the core in a variety of marine pyrrole–imidazole alkaloids, such as the immunosuppressive palau'amine. On the basis of the chiral‐pool synthesis of conformationally fixed dipyrrolopyrazinones, it was possible to predict the CD spectrum of (−)‐dibromophakellin above 240 nm. 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol was identified as a superior solvent for this analysis. Positive Cotton effects at 250 nm can be used to determine the helicity of dibrominated pyrrolopyrazinones, while the intensity of the Cotton effect at 285 nm is governed by the relative stereochemistry. The influence of bromination of the pyrrole ring also becomes predictable. One of the tricycles can be considered as “conformationally frozen longamide A”. Our study also gives the first comparative Röntgen analyses of diastereomeric Mosher esters of N,O‐hemiacetals, with the results underlining the fact that caution is advised in the application of the advanced Mosher method.
Metal Ion Complexation: A Route to 2 D Templates?
Authors: De Feyter Steven , Abdel‐Mottaleb Mohamed M. S. , Schuurmans Norbert , Verkuijl Bas J. V. , van Esch Jan H. , Feringa Ben L. , De Schryver Frans C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe two‐dimensional ordering of a number of 2,2′‐bipyridine derivatives at the liquid/solid interface has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. By appropriate functionalization of the bipyridine units, their intermolecular distance can be tuned, which has proved to be crucial for complexation with metal ions. The in situ addition of metal salts (Pd2+, Cu2+), leading to the formation of metal‐bipyridine complexes, has a dramatic influence on the two‐dimensional ordering of the molecules and suggests that these complexes could be used as templates.
Elevated‐Temperature Metathesis Syntheses of Structurally Novel Alkali‐Metal Tetrakis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylpyrazolato)lanthanoidate(III) Complexes: Toluene‐Coordinated Discrete Bimetallic Complexes and Supramolecular Chains
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Delbridge Ewan E. , Evans David J. , Harika Rita , Junk Peter C. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSodium and potassium tetrakis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylpyrazolato)lanthanoidate(III) complexes [M{Ln(tBu2pz)4}] have been prepared by reaction of anhydrous lanthanoid trihalides with alkali metal 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylpyrazolates at 200–300 °C, and a 1,2,4,5‐tetramethylbenzene flux for M=K. On extraction with toluene (or occasionally directly from the reaction tube) the following complexes were isolated: [Na(PhMe){Ln(tBu2pz)4}] (1 Ln; 1 Ln=1 Tb, 1 Ho, 1 Er, 1 Yb), [K(PhMe){Ln(tBu2pz)4}]⋅2 PhMe (2 Ln; 2 Ln=2 La, 2 Sm, 2 Tb, 2 Ho, 2 Yb, 2 Lu), [Na{Ln(tBu2pz)4}]n (3 Ln; 3 Ln=3 La, 3 Tb, 3 Ho, 3 Er, 3 Yb), [K{Ln(tBu2pz)4}]n (4 Ln; 4 Ln=4 La, 4 Nd, 4 Sm, 4 Tb, 4 Ho, 4 Er, 4 Yb, 4 Lu), with the last two classes generally being obtained by loss of toluene from 1 Ln or 2 Ln, and [Na(tBu2pzH){Ln(tBu2pz)4}]⋅PhMe (5 Ln; 5 Ln=5 Nd, 5 Er, 5 Yb). Extraction with 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) after isolation of 2 Ho yielded [K(dme){Ho(tBu2pz)4}] (6 Ho). X‐ray crystal structures of 1 Ln (=1 Tb, 1 Ho; P21/c), 2 Ln (=2 La, 2 Sm, 2 Tb, 2 Yb, 2 Lu; Pnma), 3,4 Ln (=3 La, 3 Er, 4 Sm; P21/m), and 5 Ln (=5 Nd, 5 Er, and 5 Yb; P$\bar 1$) show each group to be isomorphous regardless of the size of the Ln3+ ion. All complexes contain eight‐coordinate {Ln(η2‐tBu2pz)4} units. These are further linked to the alkali metal by bridging through two (1,2,5 Ln) or three (3,4 Ln) tBu2pz groups which show striking coordination versatility. Sodium is coordinated by an η4‐PhMe, a μ‐η2:η2‐tBu2pz, and a μ‐η4(Na):η2(Ln)‐tBu2pz ligand in 1 Ln, and by one η1‐tBu2pzH and two μ‐η3(Na):η2(Ln) ligands in 5 Ln. By contrast, potassium has one η6‐PhMe and two μ‐η5(K):η2(Ln) ligands in 2 Ln. Classes 3,4 Ln form polymeric chains with the alkali metal bonded by two μ‐η3(NNC‐M):η2(Ln)‐tBu2pz ligands within [MLn(tBu2pz)4] units which are joined together by η1(C)‐tBu2pz‐Na, K linkages.