bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractal Spatial Distributions of Initial Shear Stress and Frictional Properties on Faults and Their Impact on Dynamic Earthquake Rupture
Authors: Venegas-Aravena Patricio , Crempien Jorge G. F. , Archuleta Ralph J. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate the influence of the heterogeneous slip-weakening distance (DC) in dynamic rupture simulations, in which DC is proportional to the fault irregularities. Specifically, we compare a heterogeneous fractal DC distribution to a uniform DC over the entire fault when the initial shear stress is also heterogeneous. We find that even small changes in the average value of DC (&lt;1 mm) can lead to significant differences in the rupture evolution; that is, the average DC and the way DC is distributed determines if the rupture is a runaway, self-arrested, or nonpropagating. We find that the self-arrested ruptures differ from runaway ruptures in the amount of area characterized by large slips (asperities). Self-arrested ruptures match the Somerville et al. (1999) asperity criteria in which ∼25% of ruptured area radiate ∼45% of the total seismic moment. This criterion is not satisfied for runaway ruptures. For runaway ruptures, ∼50% of the ruptured area radiates about 70% of the seismic moment, indicating that the ruptured area is not linearly proportional to the seismic moment. Self-arrested ruptures are characterized by dynamic shear stress drops (SDs) in the range ∼2.9–5.5 MPa, whereas for runaway ruptures the dynamic SDs increase to values between ∼12 and 20 MPa. Self-arrested ruptures generated by fractal distributed DC resemble the rupture properties of observed earthquakes. In addition, results show that the conditions for self-arrested ruptures are connected to the decrease of residual energy at rupture boundaries.
Fines Migration Associated with Rock Dry-Out During CO2 Injection
Authors: Nguyen C. , Loi G. , Zulkifli N. N. , Mahamad Amir M. I. , Abdul Manap A. A. , Mohd Shafian S. R. , Badalyan A. , Bedrikovetsky P. , Zeinijahromi A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the key risks for a Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) project is injectivity decline. Evaporation of the connate brine in near-wellbore region during Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection may result in migration of clay particles leading to decline rock permeability and consequent loss of well injectivity. This paper presents results of three coreflooding experiments aiming investigation of the effect of rock dry-out during CO2 injection. Three sandstone core plugs with various permeabilities have been used. Pressure drops across the cores, brine saturation and produced clay fines concentration versus Pore Volume Injected (PVI) have been measured. The results show that higher core permeability is associated with a shorter core drying process. Core drying time has a magnitude of 105 PVI. A fast detachment of clay particles has been observed during brine displacement by gaseous CO2 which is explained by dominant detaching capillary force. Further brine evaporation yields additional particle detachment due to disappearance of brine pendular rings holding clay particles on the rock surface. A 1.6 to 4.75-fold of gas permeability reduction has been observed during evaporation of connate brine. Damaged permeability for gas can be explained by both salt precipitation and clay fines migration, while damaged permeability for brine is due to clay fines migration and consequent pore blockage.
The Road for Successful Assessment of Completion Placement in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Ghanmi Ahmed , Bawazir Mustafa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Meeting today's energy demand is challenging and requires the application of innovative technologies. Technologies that extend the life of the horizontal wells can help meet the challenge. For maximum well performance, it is imperative to have uniform production and delayed gas/water breakthrough, which can be achieved by installing a downhole inflow control device (ICD). Considering all possible complexities, the ICD will balance the flow profile across all the compartments to optimize the productivity. Production evaluation after running the ICDs includes integrated horizontal production logging tool (HPLT) acquisition to understand and analyze the downhole flow profile. The challenges in maintaining oil production without the use of ICDs are illustrated in Well-X.
Five field examples were studied to assess the role of ICDs in various challenges faced in horizontal wells. In the first ICD example, Well-A, an integrated characterization was accomplished using resistivity images together with the production logging assessment for water control practices. Well-B showed a placement of a horizontal well close to the oil-water contact (OWC). As challenging as it maybe, the ICD completion segmentation was implemented to furtherly produce the oil over years. Well-C was equipped with an ICD to control downhole water production. The production logging methodology facilitated in assembling the inflow profiles and guided in sealing off the water producing ICDs using casing expandable patches. In Well-D, the production log (PL) assisted to evaluate unstable well's performance after the sidetrack. HPLT acquisition suggested that the end-of-completion valve was leaking since high water production was detected from below the bottommost ICD. A water shut-off (WSO) job was planned by setting a mechanical plug and pumping cement through it. In the last example, Well-E, based on the recent HPLT multiphase flow profile, ICD shifting will be conducted to reduce the water cut and increase oil production.
The study of these challenging examples of horizontal wells completed with an ICD system provides value in several ways. The evaluation of the examples can guide the future action plan based on the interpreted data and results. The evaluated examples contribute to our understanding of the reasons for underperformance of existing wells, help in deciding upon workover plans, and provide information for designing an optimum completion strategy for future wells.
Modelling Approach to Predict and Mitigate Formation Damage Due to Halite Deposition During CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Ogundipe Oluwatosin Matthew , Mackay Eric James , Vasquez Oscar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Evaporation of formation brine into the injected CO2-rich stream during permanent CO2 storage in hypersaline aquifers creates the risk of formation damage due to the deposition of halite arising from the "salting out" effect. Such deposition may block pores, negatively impacting porosity, permeability and injectivity, and put the entire project at risk. This paper demonstrates the impact of salt precipitation on formation damage and proposes remediation by using a low-salinity slug ahead of CO2 injection.
Calculations were performed using a reactive transport simulator to account for brine evaporation, halite precipitation, capillary pressure re-imbibition and gravity segregation. This entails including H2O as a component in the Peng Robinson equation of state in two-phase flow simulation, accounting for CO2 solubility in brine using Henry's Law, and modelling of aqueous components such as sodium and chloride and the resulting mineral reaction when the brine becomes supersaturated with respect to halite. 1D and 2D radial models with fine space discretization near-well and large outer blocks were used to achieve good resolution and pressure control, respectively.
These calculations identify that a simple piston-like displacement of formation water away from the well during constant rate CO2 injection, and subsequent evaporation of the "irreducible" water saturation, will not lead to significant formation damage. Indeed, the resulting increase in saturation of the CO2-rich phase leads to an increase in CO2 mobility. However, and very importantly, a combination of gravitational and capillary effects can lead to the replenishment of formation brine in the near well zones experiencing evaporation, leading to a continuous and ongoing process of salt deposition, which over time may build up to levels that can damage injectivity in sections of the well. In the 1D model, it was observed that due to capillary pressure re-imbibition, well injectivity index was reduced by about 85%, and porosity loss was 62%. The 2D model showed similar behaviour but with stronger localised effects of complete blockage in the lower half of the well. A 3,500m3 low salinity preflush slug (0.1Molar brine) was injected to displace formation brine away from the well. The impact was that the formation damage was significantly reduced and well injectivity maintained at almost original.
Modelling the impact of halite-induced formation damage will be useful as a pre-assessment tool to decide the feasibility of CO2 storage. It will provide a platform whereby remediation strategies such as low salinity brine flushes can be used to mitigate the effect of salt clogging and effectively maintain well injectivity. The knowledge gained will be necessary to optimize the size of the preflush to ensure an appropriate volume is injected, avoiding excessive cost.
Completion and Stimulation Design Evolution in Tight Chalk Formations in Offshore Norway
Authors: Nozaki M. , Zwarich N. R. , Prosvirnov M. , Ruysschaert R. , Habib M. A. , Johnson L. A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Lower completion and acid stimulation design for low permeability chalk formations in a series of North Sea Fields were modified from historical/legacy approaches, to improve well performance for both production and injection purposes. The modifications include 1) a stimulation change from high-rate matrix acidizing to acid fracturing, and 2) optimization of ball-activated sliding sleeve design. The improvement in well performance was validated with actual productivity comparison to offset wells. Further improvements are being developed for future extended reach wells.
A ball-activated sliding sleeve completion was chosen for the new, improved, horizontal well completion. Sleeve spacing, the number of sleeves and port sizes were subsequently optimized over the targeted stimulated lateral length by pipe flow modeling and by limited-entry design methods. Optimization of acid fracturing designs was achieved after incorporating critical findings from various laboratory tests that include rotating disk tests, acid-etched fracture conductivity tests, and gel shear history simulator tests. The new acid fracturing treatment designs were generated with the help of numerical simulation that were continuously fine-tuned based on new observations made during treatments and rigorous analysis of bottomhole injection pressures during the treatment.
As a result of the lower completion design optimization process, different size nozzles were introduced into the sliding sleeves to treat up to 5 sleeves per stimulation stage with effective fluid diversion. This allowed 1) using available pumping weather windows effectively in the offshore environment, 2) reducing or eliminating time-consuming wireline perforation runs, 3) limiting the acid exposure to mitigate ball/seat zonal isolation events (i.e., dissolvable balls are not compatible with acid). The new and improved acid fracturing design enabled a reduction of the number of gel/acid cycles from 5 to 3 which reduced stimulation cost without losing stimulation effectiveness. The new design also resulted in productivity enhancements depending on the well location within the structure. The largest performance improvement was observed on wells that were placed further down-flank where reservoir rock is stronger and permeabilities are lower. These wells require more intensive acid fracturing treatment to generate economical and sustainable production rates. Finally, these wells also tend to require less restimulation frequency with time.
This type of analysis work has not been presented previously and it optimizes lower completion for acid fracturing stimulation on a well-by-well basis. Further improvement is expected as stimulation designs and completion technology continue to evolve.
Challenging Error Correction in Recognised Byzantine Greek
Authors: Pavlopoulos John , Kougia Vasiliki , Platanou Paraskevi , Shabalin Stepan , Liagkou Konstantina , Papadatos Emmanouil , Essler Holger , Camps Jean-Baptiste , Fischer Franz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Automatic correction of errors in Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) output poses persistent challenges yet to be fully resolved. In this study, we introduce a shared task aimed at addressing this challenge, which attracted 271 submissions, yielding only a handful of successful approaches. This paper presents the datasets, the most effective methods, and an experimental analysis in error-correcting HTRed manuscripts and papyri in Byzantine Greek, the language that followed Classical and preceded Modern Greek. By using recognised and transcribed data from seven centuries, the two best-performing methods are compared, one based on a neural encoder-decoder architecture and the other based on linguistic knowledge. We show that the recognition error rate can be reduced by both, up to 2.5 points at the level of characters and up to 15 at the level of words, while also elucidating their respective strengths and weaknesses.
HMGA1 orchestrates chromatin compartmentalization and sequesters genes into 3D networks coordinating senescence heterogeneity
Authors: Narita Masashi , Olan Ioana , Ando-Kuri Masami , Parry Aled , Handa Tetsuya , Schoenfelder Stefan , Fraser Peter , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Kimura Hiroshi , Narita Masako 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1), an abundant non-histone chromatin protein, has been implicated in embryonic development1, cancer2, and cellular senescence3, but its specific role remains elusive. Here, we combine functional genomics approaches with graph theory to investigate how HMGA1 genomic deposition controls high-order chromatin networks in an oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) model. While the direct role of HMGA1 in gene activation has been described previously, we find little evidence to support this. Instead, we show that the heterogeneous linear distribution of HMGA1 drives a unique 3D chromatin organization. HMGA1-dense loci form highly interactive networks, similar to, but independent of constitutive heterochromatic loci. This is coupled with the exclusion of HMGA1-poor chromatin regions, leading to coordinated gene regulation by repositioning genes. In the absence of HMGA1, the whole process is largely reversed, but many new regulatory interactions also emerge, amplifying the inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype4 (SASP). Such HMGA1-mediated fine-tuning of gene expression contributes to the heterogeneous nature of senescence at the single-cell level. A similar ‘buffer’ effect of HMGA1 on inflammatory signalling is also detected in lung cancer cells. Our study reveals a fundamental HMGA1-mediated mechanism of modulating chromatin compartmentalization and gene regulation in senescence and beyond.
ANFIS and metaheuristic optimization for green supply chain with inspection and rework
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Jain Madhu , Sharma Dinesh K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The focus of present article is to investigate a supply chain inventory model along with inspection and stock dependent demand with use of green technology to reduce carbon emissions. Products that are decaying, or those that change over time, have a high sensitivity to the environment in terms of temperature, carbon emission, humidity, waste disposal, etc. This study develops a profit maximization model in the presence of deterioration, preservation, imperfect production, inspection error, rework, stock and price-dependent demand. The three carbon emission strategies are proposed to reduce the expenses in different carbon emissions scenarios. The suggested approach may be used to determine the optimal production period, preservation investment, and level of green investment. The solution of the non-linear constraint optimization is provided by using a penalty method in metaheuristic approaches. In order to conduct a sensitivity analysis for the essential model parameters, a numerical example is presented. The soft computing results produced by DE and PSO are compared with the results obtained by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique.
Robustly learning the Hamiltonian dynamics of a superconducting quantum processor
Authors: Eisert Jens , Hangleiter Dominik , Roth Ingo , Fuksa Jonas , Roushan Pedram 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The required precision to perform quantum simulations beyond the capabilities of classical computers imposes major experimental and theoretical challenges. The key to solving these issues are highly precise ways of characterizing analog quantum simulators. Here, we robustly estimate the free Hamiltonian parameters of bosonic excitations in a superconducting-qubit analog quantum simulator from measured time-series of single-mode canonical coordinates. We achieve the required levels of precision in estimating the Hamiltonian parameters by maximally exploiting the model structure, making it robust against noise and state-preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors. Importantly, we are also able to obtain tomographic information about those SPAM errors from the same data, crucial for the experimental applicability of Hamiltonian learning in dynamical quantum-quench experiments. Our learning algorithm is highly scalable both in terms of the required amounts of data and post-processing. To achieve this, we develop a new super-resolution technique coined tensorESPRIT for frequency extraction from matrix time-series. The algorithm then combines tensorESPRIT with constrained manifold optimization for the eigenspace reconstruction with pre- and post-processing stages. For up to 14 coupled superconducting qubits on two Sycamore processors, we identify the Hamiltonian parameters---verifying the implementation on one of them up to sub-MHz precision---and construct a spatial implementation error map for a grid of 27 qubits. Our results constitute a fully characterized, highly accurate implementation of an analog dynamical quantum simulation and introduce a diagnostic toolkit for understanding, calibrating, and improving analog quantum processors.
A proof of concept phase II study with the PDE-4 inhibitor roflumilast in patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ROMEMA): study protocol of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, between-subjects trial
Authors: Possemis Nina , Verhey Frans , Prickaerts Jos , Blokland Arjan , Ramakers Inez 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
• Background
Research into the neurobiological underpinnings of learning and memory has demonstrated the cognitive-enhancing effects associated with diverse classes of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. Specific PDE inhibitors have been identified to improve neuronal communication through selective inhibition of PDE activity. Roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing episodic memory in healthy adults and elderly participants with pronounced memory impairment, indicative of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). In alignment with these findings, the present protocol aims to provide a proof of concept phase II of the potential of roflumilast to aid patients diagnosed with (a)MCI or mild Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) dementia.
• Methods
The study will be conducted according to a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled, between-subjects design. Participants with (a)MCI and mild AD dementia will be recruited through the Memory Clinic at the Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+) in Maastricht, the Netherlands, alongside outreach through regional hospitals, and social media. The study will have three arms: placebo, 50 µg roflumilast, and 100 µg roflumilast, with a treatment duration of 24 weeks. The primary outcome measure will focus on the assessment of episodic memory, as evaluated through participants’ performance on the 15-word Verbal Learning Task (VLT). Our secondary objectives are multifaceted, including an exploration of various cognitive domains. In addition, insights into the well-being and daily functioning of participants will be investigated through interviews with both the participants and their (informal) caregivers, we are interested in the well-being and daily functioning of the participants.
• Discussion
The outcomes of the present study aim to elucidate the significance of the PDE4 inhibition mechanism as a prospective therapeutic target for enhancing cognitive function in individuals with (a)MCI and mild AD dementia. Identifying positive effects within these patient cohorts could extend the relevance of this treatment to encompass a broader spectrum of neurological disorders.
Trial registration:
The Medical Ethics Committee of MUMC + granted ethics approval for the 4th version of the protocol on September 10th, 2020. The trial was registered at the European Drug Regulatory Affairs Clinical Trials (EudraCT) registered on the 19th of December 2019 (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2019-004959-36/NL) and Clinicaltrial.gov (NCT04658654, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04658654?intr=roflumilast&cond=mci&rank=1) on the 8th of December 2020. The Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO) granted approval on the 30th of September 2020.
Epidural injection of hydromorphone for postoperative pain after episiotomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lu Yixing , Liu Siyan , Jing Shunzhong , Peng Wei , Lin Yunan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Perineal incision resulting in post-partum pain and impact on puerperal life was the focus of our study. We recruited postpartum mothers who had undergone vaginal delivery to receive labor analgesia and episiotomy with an epidural injection of 0.5 mg hydromorphone to assess the therapeutic effects of postpartum analgesia. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: the control group (Group NS) received an epidural injection of an equal amount of saline, while the study group (Group HY) received an epidural injection of 0.5 mg hydromorphone. We collected relevant data from electronic medical records to compare the differences between the two groups. The intervention group demonstrated lower pain scores at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Additionally, a higher number of patients in the control group required pain medication (7 (15.9%) compared to 1 (2.3%); P = 0.028). The study group experienced higher rates of vomiting (P = 0.002) and itching (P < 0.001). However, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of urinary retention, dyskinesia, respiratory depression, dizziness, or neonatal feeding. The epidural injection of 0.5 mg hydromorphone proved to be effective in alleviating pain caused by maternal episiotomy and did not negatively affect neonatal feeding. Clinical trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/usercenter.aspx identifier: ChiCTR2200064687. Subject terms: Labor analgesia, Episiotomy, Hydromorphone, Neonatal feeding