bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjustments for non‐telephone bias in random‐digit‐dialling surveys
Authors: Frankel Martin R. , Srinath K.P. , Hoaglin David C. , Battaglia Michael P. , Smith Philip J. , Wright Robert A. , Khare Meena 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTelephone surveys are widely used in the U.S.A. for the study of health‐related topics. They are subject to ‘coverage bias’ because they cannot sample households that do not have telephones. Although only around 5 per cent of households do not have a telephone, rates of telephone coverage show substantial variation by geography, demographic factors and socio‐economic factors. In particular, lack of telephone service is more common among households that contain ethnic and racial minorities or that have lower socio‐economic status with fewer opportunities for access to medical care and poorer health outcomes. Thus, failure to adequately account for households without telephones in health surveys may yield estimates of health outcomes that are misleading, particularly in states with at least moderate telephone non‐coverage. The dynamic nature of the population of households without telephones offers a way of accounting for such households in telephone surveys. At any given time the population of telephone households includes households that have had a break or interruption in telephone service. Empirical results strongly suggest that these households are very similar to households that have never had telephone service. Thus, sampled households that report having had an interruption in telephone service may be used also to represent the portion of the population that has never had telephone service. This strategy can lead to a reduction in non‐coverage bias in random‐digit‐dialling surveys. This paper presents two methods of adjusting for non‐coverage of non‐telephone households. The effectiveness of these methods is examined using data from the National Health Interview Survey. The interruption‐in‐telephone‐service methods reduce non‐coverage bias and can also result in a lower mean squared error. The application of the interruption‐in‐telephone‐service methods to the National Immunization Survey is also discussed. This survey produces estimates for the 50 states and 28 urban areas. The interruption‐in‐telephone‐service estimates tend be slightly lower than estimates resulting from poststratification and from another non‐coverage adjustment method. The results suggest that the reduction in bias is greatest for variables that are highly correlated with the presence or absence of telephone service. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Document supply: the evolving needs of the library
Authors: Watts Louise 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTThere are two seemingly contrary trends at work. On the one hand, pressure on library budgets has resulted in cancellations of serials and an increased use of interlibrary loan and document delivery to supplement journal subscriptions. This trend is reinforced by the increasingly sophisticated search and discovery tools available to the individual researcher, linking not only to the journal but actually to the individual article. On the other hand, consortial purchasing and the advent of the ‘big deal’ look likely to reduce demand for individual article supply through document delivery and interlibrary loan. In the light of these drivers for change, this article examines the evolving document supply needs of libraries, and outlines some of the new services developed to address these needs.
An international peer‐review system for a Chinese scientific journal
Authors: Yuehong (Helen) Zhang , Yachun Yuan , Yufei Jiang 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTThe characteristics and requirements of a world‐class journal were considered in establishing a rigid peer‐review system for scientific papers submitted for publication in the English‐language Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE [JZU(S)] from 2002 onward. Four hundred and thirty‐five contributions were received between January and December 2002, and these were sent for pre‐publication review to appropriate leading scientists in the USA, the UK, Ireland, France, Canada, Australia, Austria, Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Finland, Poland, Portugal, Italy, Israel, Spain, Greece, Belgium, Sweden, Switzerland, Japan, Singapore, Slovakia, India, Greece, the Czech Republic, Mexico, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Our experience showed that such an international peer‐review system plays an important part in ensuring the high quality of a journal's contents and in helping it achieve an international reputation.
Phoenix rising: new models for the research monograph?
Authors: Steele Colin 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTThere is significant evidence that traditional university presses are continuing to face financial crises. Outlets for research monographs are drying up, print runs are being reduced and monograph costs are increasing. The combination of the digital networked environment and openarchive initiatives may, however, provide the opportunity, through institutional repositories, to rethink the role and nature of the distribution of research monographs in a university setting. The adoption of new models, untrammelled by the structures of the past, while still retaining editorial and refereeing standards, could revolutionize the access and distribution patterns of research knowledge within university frameworks. Ultimate success will depend, however, on programmes of scholarly advocacy in scholarly communication with the academic author as both creator and as consumer.
Content management for journal publishers
Authors: Upshall Michael 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTDespite the dot‐com downturn, content management software continues to grow in popularity. What began as a niche product for publishers, or as a means of managing large websites, has become touted as a universal panacea for every kind of organization that creates, holds or disseminates content – and since a website is a form of publication, this means pretty much any organization. How relevant is content management to journal publishers? With over 150 competing content management products available in the UK, content and document management systems are not difficult to find (although perhaps difficult to choose). But do they meet a need? Do they provide a clear return on investment? Or are they simply the latest in a long line of management and business fads, the next big thing? To answer these questions, the author created a questionnaire for journal publishers, and then carried out follow‐up interviews with key people in the relevant organization. His aim was to discover if content management software was felt relevant to journal publishers, and exactly what their interest was.
Voluntary deposit of electronic publications: a learning experience
Authors: Powell David J. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTDuring the second half of 2002, Electronic Publishing Services (EPS) carried out a study on the likely cost impact of extending legal deposit to non‐print publications. This article is not a summary of the report, which is publicly accessible on the Web, but focuses on a number of interesting phenomena and issues that EPS encountered in the course of the study. Statistics collected confirm the rise of email for serials and the demise of CD‐ROM, yet original material in e‐book format remains scarce. The voluntary deposit scheme for non‐print publications in the UK has been a successful experiment, though not necessarily exactly as originally planned. New legislation may be enacted in 2003.
Big Deal — good deal? Or is there a better deal?
Authors: Friend Frederick J. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTThe purchase ‘en bloc’ by library consortia of all journals published by one publisher – the so‐called ‘Big Deal’ – is bad for small publishers and for large libraries even if – in the short term – good for large publishers and for small libraries. The publishing and library communities need to find alternative purchasing models that provide better deals for those disadvantaged by the prevalence of the ‘Big Deal’ while retaining the benefit of scale in negotiation and supply.
Adhesive Surface Proteins ofErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaeBind to Polystyrene, Fibronectin, and Type I and IV Collagens
Authors: Shimoji Yoshihiro , Ogawa Yohsuke , Osaki Makoto , Kabeya Hidenori , Maruyama Soichi , Mikami Takeshi , Sekizaki Tsutomu 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaeis a gram-positive bacterium that causes erysipelas in animals and erysipeloid in humans. We found two adhesive surface proteins ofE. rhusiopathiaeand determined the nucleotide sequences of the genes, which were colocalized and designatedrspAandrspB. The two genes were present in all of the serovars ofE. rhusiopathiaestrains examined. The deduced RspA and RspB proteins contain the C-terminal anchoring motif, LPXTG, which is preceded by repeats of consensus amino acid sequences. The consensus sequences are composed of 78 to 92 amino acids and repeat 16 and 3 times in RspA and RspB, respectively. Adhesive surface proteins of other gram-positive bacteria, includingListeria monocytogenesadhesin-like protein,Streptococcus pyogenesprotein F2 and F2-like protein,Streptococcus dysgalactiaeFnBB, andStaphylococcus aureusCna, share the same consensus repeats. Furthermore, the N-terminal regions of RspA and RspB showed characteristics of the collagen-binding domain that was described for Cna. RspA and RspB were expressed inEscherichia colias histidine-tagged fusion proteins and purified. The recombinant proteins showed a high degree of capacity to bind to polystyrene and inhibited the binding ofE. rhusiopathiaeonto the abiotic surface in a dose dependent manner. In a solid-phase binding assay, both of the recombinant proteins bound to fibronectin, type I and IV collagens, indicating broad spectrum of their binding ability. It was suggested that both RspA and RspB were exposed on the cell surface ofE. rhusiopathiae, as were the bacterial cells agglutinated by the anti-RspA immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-RspB IgG. RspA and RspB were present both in surface-antigen extracts and the culture supernatants ofE. rhusiopathiaeFujisawa-SmR (serovar 1a) and SE-9 (serovar 2). The recombinant RspA, but not RspB, elicited protection in mice against experimental challenge. These results suggest that RspA and RspB participate in initiation of biofilm formation through their binding abilities to abiotic and biotic surfaces.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium and Obligate Chemolithoautotroph
Nitrosomonas europaea
Authors: Chain Patrick , Lamerdin Jane , Larimer Frank , Regala Warren , Lao Victoria , Land Miriam , Hauser Loren , Hooper Alan , Klotz Martin , Norton Jeanette , Sayavedra-Soto Luis , Arciero Dave , Hommes Norman , Whittaker Mark , Arp Daniel 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Nitrosomonas europaea
(ATCC 19718) is a gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph that can derive all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite.
Nitrosomonas europaea
participates in the biogeochemical N cycle in the process of nitrification. Its genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 2,812,094 bp. The GC skew analysis indicates that the genome is divided into two unequal replichores. Genes are distributed evenly around the genome, with ∼47% transcribed from one strand and ∼53% transcribed from the complementary strand. A total of 2,460 protein-encoding genes emerged from the modeling effort, averaging 1,011 bp in length, with intergenic regions averaging 117 bp. Genes necessary for the catabolism of ammonia, energy and reductant generation, biosynthesis, and CO
2
and NH
3
assimilation were identified. In contrast, genes for catabolism of organic compounds are limited. Genes encoding transporters for inorganic ions were plentiful, whereas genes encoding transporters for organic molecules were scant. Complex repetitive elements constitute ca. 5% of the genome. Among these are 85 predicted insertion sequence elements in eight different families. The strategy of
N. europaea
to accumulate Fe from the environment involves several classes of Fe receptors with more than 20 genes devoted to these receptors. However, genes for the synthesis of only one siderophore, citrate, were identified in the genome. This genome has provided new insights into the growth and metabolism of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
Escherichia coli phnN
, Encoding Ribose 1,5-Bisphosphokinase Activity (Phosphoribosyl Diphosphate Forming): Dual Role in Phosphonate Degradation and NAD Biosynthesis Pathways
Authors: Hove-Jensen Bjarne , Rosenkrantz Tina J. , Haldimann Andreas , Wanner Barry L. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

An enzymatic pathway for synthesis of 5-phospho-
d
-ribosyl α-1-diphosphate (PRPP) without the participation of PRPP synthase was analyzed in
Escherichia coli
. This pathway was revealed by selection for suppression of the NAD requirement of strains with a deletion of the
prs
gene, the gene encoding PRPP synthase (B. Hove-Jensen, J. Bacteriol. 178:714-722, 1996). The new pathway requires three enzymes: phosphopentomutase, ribose 1-phosphokinase, and ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase. The latter activity is encoded by
phnN
; the product of this gene is required for phosphonate degradation, but its enzymatic activity has not been determined previously. The reaction sequence is ribose 5-phosphate → ribose 1-phosphate → ribose 1,5-bisphosphate → PRPP. Alternatively, the synthesis of ribose 1-phosphate in the first step, catalyzed by phosphopentomutase, can proceed via phosphorolysis of a nucleoside, as follows: guanosine + P
i
→ guanine + ribose 1-phosphate. The ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of ribose 1,5-bisphosphate is a novel reaction and represents the first assignment of a specific chemical reaction to a polypeptide required for cleavage of a carbon-phosphorus (C—P) bond by a C-P lyase. The
phnN
gene was manipulated in vitro to encode a variant of ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase with a tail consisting of six histidine residues at the carboxy-terminal end. PhnN was purified almost to homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme accepted ATP but not GTP as a phosphoryl donor, and it used ribose 1,5-bisphosphate but not ribose, ribose 1-phosphate, or ribose 5-phosphate as a phosphoryl acceptor. The identity of the reaction product as PRPP was confirmed by coupling the ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase activity to the activity of xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase in the presence of xanthine, which resulted in the formation of 5′-XMP, and by cochromatography of the reaction product with authentic PRPP.
Glucose-Related Dissociation between
icaADBC
Transcription and Biofilm Expression by
Staphylococcus epidermidis
: Evidence for an Additional Factor Required for Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Synthesis
Authors: Dobinsky Sabine , Kiel Kathrin , Rohde Holger , Bartscht Katrin , Knobloch Johannes K.-M. , Horstkotte Matthias A. , Mack Dietrich 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Biofilm formation in
Staphylococcus epidermidis
depends, in the majority of the strains, on the activity of the
icaADBC
locus. The expression of the operon that encodes the synthetic enzymes of the intercellular polysaccharide adhesin (PIA) depends on a variety of exogenic environmental conditions and is, at least in part, regulated by the alternative sigma factor σ
B
. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of the
ica
operon and the respective phenotypes expressed under growth conditions differing in the content of glucose in the growth medium. In the presence of glucose,
S. epidermidis
exhibited a PIA- and biofilm-positive phenotype whereas
ica
transcription was down-regulated in the postexponential and stationary phases of growth. Surprisingly, maximum transcription of
ica
was detectable in the stationary phase of growth in the absence of glucose despite the expression of a PIA- and biofilm-negative phenotype. In vitro enzymatic assays and phenotypic characterization showed that the abundant amount of
ica
mRNA was functionally active because induction of stationary-phase cells with glucose led to immediate PIA synthesis. Induction of biofilm formation could be completely inhibited by chloramphenicol, which, given at a later stage of biofilm accumulation, also inhibited further development of preformed biofilm, indicating that continuous translation of an additional,
icaADBC
-independent factor is required for the expression of a biofilm-positive phenotype.
The
fdxA
Ferredoxin Gene Can Down-Regulate
frxA
Nitroreductase Gene Expression and Is Essential in Many Strains of
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Jeong Jin-Yong , Dailidiene Daiva , Hoffman Paul S. , Berg Douglas E. 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACT

Very few examples of metabolic regulation are known in the gastric pathogen
Helicobacter pylori
. An unanticipated case was suggested, however, upon finding two types of metronidazole (Mtz)-susceptible strains: type I, in which
frxA
(which encodes a nitroreductase that contributes to Mtz susceptibility) is quiescent, and type II, in which
frxA
is well expressed. Here we report that inactivation of the
fdxA
ferredoxin gene (
hp277
) in type I strains resulted in high-level
frxA
expression (in effect, making them type II). However,
fdxA
null derivatives were obtained from only 6 of 32 type I strains tested that were readily transformed with an
frxA
::
aphA
marker. This suggested that
fdxA
is often essential. This essentiality was overcome in 4 of 20 strains by inactivating
frxA
, which suggested both that
frxA
overexpression is potentially deleterious and also that
fdxA
has additional, often vital roles. With type II strains, in contrast,
fdxA
null derivatives were obtained in 20 of 23 cases tested. Thus,
fdxA
is dispensable in most strains that normally exhibit (and tolerate) strong
frxA
expression. We propose that restraint of
frxA
expression helps maintain balanced metabolic networks in most type I strains, that other homeostatic mechanisms predominate in type II strains, and that these complex results constitute a phenotypic manifestation of
H. pylori
's great genetic diversity.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Their Antagonists, and the Skeleton
Authors: Canalis Ernesto , Economides Aris N. , Gazzerro Elisabetta 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSkeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward cells of the osteoblastic lineage and also enhance the differentiated function of the osteoblast. However, the activity of BMPs needs to be tempered by intracellular and extracellular antagonists. BMPs bind to specific receptors and signal by phosphorylating the cytoplasmic proteins mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) 1 and 5, which form heterodimers with Smad 4, and after nuclear translocation regulate transcription. BMP antagonists can be categorized as pseudoreceptors that compete with signaling receptors, inhibitory Smads that block signaling, intracellular binding proteins that bind Smad 1 and 5, and factors that induce ubiquitination and proteolysis of signaling Smads. In addition, a large number of extracellular proteins that bind BMPs and prevent their binding to signaling receptors have emerged. They are the components of the Spemann organizer, noggin, chordin, and follistatin, members of the Dan/Cerberus family, and twisted gastrulation. The antagonists tend to be specific for BMPs and are regulated by BMPs, indicating the existence and need of local feedback mechanisms to temper BMP cellular activities.
Successful treatment of a patient with hairy cell leukemia and pentostatin‐induced autoimmune thrombocytopenia with rituximab
Authors: Hensel Manfred , Ho Anthony D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe treatment of choice for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) are the purine analogs pentostatin and cladribine. They induced complete remissions in up to 85% of patients. Purine analogs are known to induce autoimmune phenomena, but there are no reports of autoimmune thrombocytopenia after treatment with pentostatin. This case report describes the very rare association of pentostatin‐treated hairy cell leukemia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Encouraged by first reports of promising activity of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in patients with autoimmune disorders, we decided to treat our patient with rituximab in the conventional dose of 375 mg/m2 i.v. weekly for 4 cycles. One week after the first administration, the peripheral blood count has recovered with a normal platelet count. 22 weeks after completion of therapy, the patient is still in complete hematologic remission without further medication. In conclusion, rituximab seems to be a new, promising drug in the treatment of refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia even in patients with underlying lymphoproliferative disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 73:37–40, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alleviation of systemic manifestations of multicentric Castleman's disease by thalidomide
Authors: Lee Fa‐Chyi , Merchant Shakil H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMulticentric Castleman's disease (MCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. Although HHV‐8 (human herpesvirus type 8) has been suggested as a possible etiologic agent in a subpopulation of cases, appropriate treatment of the HHV‐8 infection has not produced regression of the disease. Additionally, other treatment modalities, including steroids and various regimens of chemotherapy, do not consistently provide good control of the disease. Clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are primarily mediated by cytokines, especially interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). We report a case of multicentric Castleman's disease that responded dramatically to single agent thalidomide. A powerful cytokine disruptor, thalidomide may have good therapeutic efficacy in treating MCD and related cytokine‐mediated disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 73:48–53, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenia: Evidence for redistribution of platelet antibodies into the circulation after immunoadsorption treatment
Authors: Leitner G.C. , Stiegler G. , Horvath M. , Hoecker P. , Sagaster P. , Panzer S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPlatelet antibodies are detectable in only about 50% of patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP). We determined platelet antibodies against GPIa/IIa, GPIb/IX, GPIIb/IIIa, and GPV and reticulated platelets in three female patients with AITP, before and after immunoadsorption treatment. None of the three patients' sera contained platelet antibodies prior to treatment. Thereafter, anti‐GPIIb/IIIa, anti‐GPIb/IX (n = 3), and anti‐GPV (n = 1) were detectable in the patients' sera. These antibody specificities were also found in the eluates from the immunoadsorption columns. Only one patient had elevated levels of reticulated platelets. Immunoadsorption treatment did not induce a sustained increase of platelet counts in any patient. Immunoadsorption treatment in AITP can induce redistribution of antibodies into the circulation. Am. J. Hematol. 73:44–47, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.