bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional analyses of judgments about traffic noise
Authors: Cermak Gregory W. , Cornillon Peter C. 
Published: October 2005

In a laboratory experiment, human subjects were presented pairs of recorded 1-min traffic sounds. Subjects chose whichever sound of each pair they thought they would rather be exposed to on a regular basis; they also judged the relative dissimilarity of the sounds in each pair. The data were analyzed using multidimensional scaling techniques. The choice data showed that relative aversiveness of the sounds was related mainly to their subjective intensity. The dissimilarity data showed that subjects distinguished sounds on the basis of both subjective intensity and information, independent of intensity, about the source of the sounds. The single physical noise measure most highly correlated with the subjective intensity attribute from both sets of psychological data was Leq, the energy-equivalent sound level. Several new measures of the shape of the average power spectrum, and of the time-dependent variability in dBA levels, failed to add appreciably to the predictive power of Leq alone.
Subject Classification: [43]65.75, [43]65.50; [43]50.70, [43]50.50.
Information extraction from contralateral cues in the detection of signals of uncertain frequency
Authors: Gilliom J. D. , Mills W. M. 
Published: October 2005

Observers performed a monaural, yes–no detection task under conditions of signal frequency uncertainty. This frequency uncertainty could be reduced by use of a contralateral cue. The major cue types were a single-tone cue with the same frequency as the potential detection tone and a three-frequency cue with the potential signal frequency as the intermediate component. Performance obtained with a single-tone cue rivaled levels obtained when signal frequency was fixed over a block of trials. Performance with a three- frequency cue, requiring extraction of relevant frequency information, produced performance levels only slightly lower than the single-tone cue condition. Two major conclusions were drawn from the data: (1) The observer, utilizing the single-tone cue, can nearly eliminate the detrimental effects of signal frequency uncertainty. (2) The ’’hearing out’’ process used to extract relevant frequency information from the three-frequency cue is nearly complete. The relatively strong support for Ohm’s law obtained from this study may be due, in part, to the level of the auditory system tapped by the present task.
Subject Classification: [43]65.50, [43]65.75, [43]65.54.
Response of cochlear-nucleus neurons to synthetic speech
Authors: Moore Thomas J. , Jr. John L. Cashin 
Published: October 2005

Synthetic speech sounds were used as input signals to the guinea pig’s auditory nervous system. Single-unit responses to these signals were recorded from the cochlear nucleus. The results indicate that considerable information concerning acoustic cues of these signals is encoded within the neural responses.Information concerning formant frequency values, formant transitions within the signals, and rate of impulse excitation is present within the firing patterns of individual neurons.
Subject Classification: [43]65.48; [43]70.30, [43]65.59, [43]65.42.
Maximum directivity factor of nth-order transducers
Authors: Gerzon Michael A. 
Published: October 2005

It is proved using general group-theoretic and Hilbert-space methods that the maximum directivity factor obtainable from an nth-order directional acoustic transducer is (n+1)2, that this most directional transducer is axially symmetric, and that its polar response to sounds arriving from an angle ϑ off axis is proportional to
𝒥n/k=0 (2k+1) Pk(cosϑ).
Subject Classification: [43]85.40, [43]85.62.
Propagation of a spherical wave near a plane boundary with a complex impedance
Authors: Donato R. J. 
Published: October 2005

An analysis, using complex angles of incidence as the variable in a steepest descents integration, is made of the propagation of sound from a point source over a locally reacting complex impedance boundary. The integration process contains more terms than are normally used in the analysis, and the solution is valid over a large range of horizontal distances. Conditions for the existence of surface waves are discussed in some detail. A comparison is made of measured and calculated values of pressure on the boundary.
Subject Classification: [43]28.40; [43]20.15, [43]20.30.
Propagation of a coherent acoustic wave through a turbulent shear flow
Authors: Ho Chih-ming , Kovasznay Leslie S. G. 
Published: October 2005

A collimated ’’monochromatic’’ acoustic wave (sinusoidal wave of 3–90 kHz) was directed across a two-dimensional turbulent jet perpendicular to its plane of symmetry. Extensive study of the statistical properties both of the turbulent medium and of the received signal (random amplitude and phase modulation) offers physical insight into the general phenomenon of a periodic wave (pressure) scattered by random inhomogeneities (solenoidal velocity field).
Subject Classification: [43]28.60.
Vibrational and rotational relaxation in mixtures of water vapor and oxygen
Authors: Bass H. E. , Keeton Roy G. , Williams David 
Published: October 2005

Experimental measurements of sound absorption in air, measurements of ultrasonic absorption in H2O/O2 mixtures at 500 °K reported here, and experimental measurements in mixtures of H2O with other impurities have been analyzed to determine the energy transfer rates in mixtures of O2 and H2O as a function of temperature. A set of energy transfer rate coefficients was found that give results consistent with all the experimental data examined and with vibrational energy transfer theory. The rotational relaxation time for H2O/O2 mixtures was determined from the 500 °K ultrasonic measurements.
Subject Classification: [43]35.20, [43]35.35.
Brillouin scattering and attenuation of hypersonic waves in molten NaNO3
Authors: Knape H. E. Gunilla 
Published: October 2005

Brillouin spectra of molten NaNO3 have been investigated at two different scattering angles, 40° and 140°, in a temperature interval ranging from 310° to 450 °C. The measured frequency shifts and linewidths of the Brillouin components were used to determine the hypersonic velocity and attenuation of thermal waves in the frequency range 3.4–10.2 GHz. The determination of the Brillouin linewidths has been performed using a convolution technique, necessary when narrow linewidths are to be determined. The hypersonic velocity measurements show no appreciable dispersion compared either to ultrasonic data or to each other. In the line broadening measurements, however, the attenuation shows some dispersion especially at the higher frequencies, thus indicating that the measurements are performed at frequencies just below a relaxation frequency. A calculation of this frequency using a theory with a single relaxation time confirms this assumption.
Subject Classification: [43]35.24; [43]35.30
SBC quarter plane subjected to a transient P wave and its diffraction at grazing incidence
Authors: Ziv M. 
Published: October 2005

The paper deals with diffraction of a transient elastic P wave, generated by stress boundary conditions (SBC), as it impinges on a stress-free surface at grazing incidence. The relevant boundary-value problem concerns an impulsive load applied uniformly to the cylindrical surface of an infinite cavity drilled into a half-space. The process thus consists of a quarter plane deformed by a P wave, its diffraction, and reflections from the boundaries. In an earlier work the author gave a general analytical–numerical method for transient multidimensional boundary-value problems and its employment to the present problem. Here, the resultant wavefronts and the response of the quarter plane are described and interpreted.
Subject Classification: [43]20.15, [43]20.30.
Measurement of the combination tones f2−f1 and 2f1−f2
Authors: Zurek Patrick M. , Leshowitz Barry H. 
Published: October 2005

A three-alternative forced-choice technique was employed to estimate the phase and amplitude of the combination tone f2−f1 and 2f1−f2. The measurement procedure is based on a simple vector description of combination tone interactions. The task of the observer was to discriminate a change in intensity of the combination tone produced by a change of either the phase or amplitude of the cancellation tone. Measurements of f2−f1 essentially constitute a replication of previously reported data obtained with adjustment techniques. Considerable difficulty was encountered, however, in the measurement of the phase and amplitude of the cubic difference tone. Masking of additional low-frequency combination tones with low-pass noise did not eliminate the problem. It is concluded that phase induced changes in the envelope of the acoustic waveform as well as the magntiudes of higher-order combination tones contribute to a monaural phase effect and hamper the forced-choice measurement of 2f1−f2.
Subject Classification: [43]65.56, [43]65.54, [43]65.60, [43]65.50.
Lateralization of repeated filtered transients
Authors: Yost William A. 
Published: October 2005

The lateralization of a high-pass and a low-pass 40 dB SL, 0.1-msec transient was measured as a function of the number of repetitions of the transient and the repetition rate. A high-pass transient presented once required 100 μsec more interaural time for lateralization than did a low-pass transient presented once. Twelve repetitions of the high-pass transient yielded the same lateralization performance as that obtained with a low-pass transient. Repetition rate did not affect the lateralization of the high- or low-pass transients, and number of repetitions did not affect the lateralization of the low-pass transients. These results were compared with results obtained with gated sinusoids presented with and without rise–decay times.
Subject Classification: [43]65.62, [43]65.75, [43]65.58.
Input acoustic-impedance measurement of the subglottal system
Authors: Ishizaka K. , Matsudaira M. , Kaneko T. 
Published: October 2005

The input acoustic impedance looking into the trachea was measured on several laryngectomized subjects. The results show remarkable inconsistency with van den Berg’s data. The subglottal resonances are found at approximately 640, 1400, and 2100 Hz. The acoustic input impedance at the first peak ranges between 25 and 50 cgs acoustic ohms. The results are analyzed by means of a digital simulation based on anatomical studies, and the tract wall impedance necessary to produce the measured subglottal impedance is calculated.
Subject Classification: [43]70.20, [43]70.40, [43]35.20.
What information enables a listener to map a talker’s vowel space?
Authors: Verbrugge× Robert R. , Strange Winifred , Shankweiler Donald P. , Edman Thomas R. 
Published: October 2005

Prior experience with a talker’s speech contributes little to success in vowel identification. Adult listeners averaged only 12.9% errors on 15 vowels in /h–d/ syllables spoken in mixed order by 30 talkers (men, women, and children), and 17.0% errors on 9 vowels spoken in /p–p/ syllables by 15 talkers. When the /p–p/ test series was spoken by single talkers, errors decreased by less than half to 9.5%. Experience with known subsets of a talker’s vowels did not significantly reduce errors on subsequent test tokens: following the point vowels (/i/, /a/, /u/), errors averaged 12.2% on vowels in /h–d/ context and 15.2% in /p–p/ context; following three central vowels (/I/, /a/, /Λ/), errors averaged 14.9% in /p−p/ context. Precursors mainly influenced listeners’ response biases, rather than facilitating true improvements in vowel identifiability. These results did not support the hypothesis that point vowels provide listeners with unique information for normalizing a talker’s ’’vowel space.’’ Errors on vowels in rapid, destressed /p–p/ syllables (excised from sentence context) averaged 23.8%. Errors jumped to 28.6% when point-vowel precursors were introduced, while presentation of syllables in the original sentences reduced errors to 17.3%. Sentence context aids vowel identification by allowing adjustment primarily to a talker’s tempo, rather than to the talker’s vocal tract.
Subject Classification: [43]70.30, [43]70.40, [43]70.70.
The photophone—physical design
Authors: Kleinman D. A. , Nelson D. F. 
Published: October 2005

The physical design of the response-equalizing components of the acoustic transformer-coupled photophone is presented. Two possible equalizers for the absorption cell—a gas column and a loaded diaphragm— are discussed; one equalizer for the earpiece, consisting of a diaphragm and screen, is also discussed. The optimization, equalization, and physical realization of a direct-coupled photophone (one not containing an exponentially tapered tube acting as an acoustic transformer) is also presented. It is found that its response is poorer than the transformer-coupled photophone by 25 dB.
Subject Classification: [43]85.86, [43]85.40, [43]85.60.
Photophone performance
Authors: Nelson D. F. , Wecht K. W. , Kleinman D. A. 
Published: October 2005

A photophone consisting of a light guiding fiber, an absorption cell containing charred cotton suspended in air, an exponentially tapered tube, and a standard earpiece volume has been made and tested. The pressure in the earpiece versus the frequency in the 300–3300-Hz telephone band for a given optical power input agrees well with the theory of the preceding paper. We conclude that the charred cotton suspended in air can be treated simply as light-absorbing air. Measurements were also made on a photophone which included an air column equalizer to resonate with the absorption cell in order to flatten the frequency response. The high-frequency (1500–3300 Hz) response was enhanced as expected thought not quite as much as predicted.
Subject Classification: [43]85.76, [43]85.40, [43]85.60.
Numerical solution of acoustic scattering problems at intermediate frequencies
Authors: Uncles R. J. 
Published: October 2005

Integral equation methods of solving acoustic scattering problems at high frequencies require excessive computer storage and computer time to achieve solutions of adequate accuracy. In problems concerned with high-frequency scattering from simple surface shapes these difficulties result from the complexity of the scattered field on the scattering surface. A ’’structure reduction’’ approach is proposed which attempts to reduce these difficulties, and, as an example, the method is applied to plane-wave scattering from a rigid sphere at a nondimensional frequency of 10.
Subject Classification: [43]20.30, [43]20.15.
Gain of a linear array for spatially dependent signal coherence
Authors: Green Michael C. 
Published: October 2005

The coherent or conventional gain of a linear array in an uncorrelated noise field is presented for various models of signal coherence decay with increasing sensor separation. For the case of linear decay, the coherent array gain is shown to approach a maximum of DL/s as the array length increases; where DL, the linear decay length, is defined as the vanishing point of the signal coherence and s is the adjacent sensor separation having some minimum value commensurate with the assumption of uncorrelated noise. For exponential decay of signal coherence a good approximation to the maximum coherent array gain is shown to be 2 DE/s for DE 〉〉s, where DE is the exponential decay length. However, for both linear and exponential decay it is shown that additional gain is achievable beyond the coherent gain limit using incoherent processing. Also a closed form expression is derived for the coherent gain of an array for Gaussian phase fluctuations which are correlated in a linear fashion.
Subject Classification: [43]60.20, [43]60.30.
Forward and backward masking in the presence of a continuous noise floor
Authors: Penner M. J. , Pavel Michael 
Published: October 2005

Temporal masking of clicks by gated noise was investigated in forward and backward masking paradigms. In addition to the gated maskers, a continuous noise floor was present in some conditions. For three levels of continuous noise and for a condition in which there was no continuous noise, the threshold of the click was determined as a function of the temporal separation ΔT between the click and the noise (1?ΔT?100 msec). These data provide a new demonstration that the temporal masking effect due to the forward masker outlasts the temporal masking effect due to the backward masker.
Subject Classification: [43]65.58; [43]50.70.
Individual differences in pure-tone localization
Authors: Russell Graeme 
Published: October 2005

The range of abilities of 85 subjects in localizing a 1-kHz pure tone in the horizontal plane is examined. Findings show that there is considerable variability in performance (?=47%, s=13), and that one subject performed at a markedly superior level (85% correct) to other subjects. It is suggested that the duplicity theory of pure-tone localization is inadequate to explain this superior performance, and other possible explanations are discussed.
Subject Classification: [43]65.62.
Temporary threshold shift and cochlear nerve fibers
Authors: Johnstone J. R. 
Published: October 2005

The increased threshold of hearing following stimulation by a loud pure tone is greatest for test tones about half an octave above the frequency of the fatiguing tone. This effect may be related to the fact that many auditory neurones fire fastest for a stimulating tone which is rather lower in frequency than their characteristic frequency.
Subject Classification: [43]65.35, [43]65.64, [43]65.40.
Theoretical similarities of Rayleigh and Lamb modes of vibration
Authors: Pitts Leslie E. , Plona Thomas J. , Mayer Walter G. 
Published: October 2005

Poles of the infinite plane-wave reflection coefficient are used to show a correspondence between Rayleigh and Lamb modes of vibration. It is demonstrated that a Rayleigh vibrational mode is a special type of Lamb mode of vibration. Further, it is shown that it should be expected that one vibrational mode for a thick plate should be similar to the theoretically predicted vibrational mode of an infinite half space, a Rayleigh mode. Thus, it is consistent to use a thick plate as an approximation to an infinite half space and expect results predicted by Rayleigh-wave analysis.
Subject Classification: [43]35.54; [43]40.24.
Discrimination and labeling of noise–buzz sequences with varying noise-lead times: An example of categorical perception
Authors: Miller James D. , Wier Craig C. , Pastore Richard E. , Kelly William J. , Dooling Robert J. 
Published: October 2005

The onset of a noise [0.9–2.1 kHz, 55 dB SPL (A weighted)] preceded that of a buzz [100 Hz, 0.5–3.0 kHz, 70 db SPL (A weighted), 500 msec] by −10 to +80 msec and both terminated simultaneously. Eight adults discriminated among noise-lead times in an oddity task. In separate sessions, they labeled singly presented stimuli with either of the two responses: ’’no noise’’ or ’’noise.’’ The results are highly similar to those reported for the categorical perception of synthetic plosive consonants differing in voice-onset time. On the average, discrimination was best across a noise-lead-time boundary of about 16 msec, where labeling also shifted abruptly. These results and those of categorical perception, generally, are interpreted in terms of Weber’s law as applied to a single component within a stimulus complex. It is concluded that categorical perception of sounds is not unique to speech and suggested that it may be a general property of sensory behavior.
Subject Classification: [43]65.75; [43]70.30.
Inter- and intraspeaker variability in fundamental voice frequency
Authors: Atkinson James E. 
Published: October 2005

A measure was obtained of the amounts of variability in fundamental voice frequency F0 in simple sentences produced by several adult male speakers. A comparison was made of intra- and interspeaker variability, and a detailed analysis was performed to determine the nature of this variability. Great variability was found between speakers, but more important was the finding that the intraspeaker variability was essentially as great as the interspeaker. This indicates that even for a single speaker’s utterances, considerable ’’noise’’ is present which can obscure the prosodic ’’signals.’’ The F0 variability involves seemingly random interleavings that affect the relative F0 values within an utterance, as well as, simple shifts in average F0 that affect the absolute F0 of the contour as a whole.
Subject Classification: [43]70.40, [43]70.70.
Identification of dichotic fusions
Authors: Repp Bruno H. 
Published: October 2005

Seven synthetic syllables from a ’’place continuum’’ (/bae/–/dae/–gae/) were presented in all dichotic combinations for identification. These syllables fused completely, so that dichotic pairs were perceived as single stimuli. The response pattern could not easily be explained by an ’’auditory averaging’’ hypothesis. Rather, stimuli that were good instances of a category seemed to ’’dominate’’ stimuli that were closer to a category boundary. To account for this finding, a three-stage pattern recognition (’’prototype’’) model is proposed, according to which the information from the two ears is linearly combined after ’’multicategorical’’ processing, which follows auditory processing and precedes the final phonetic decision. Electronically mixed stimuli led to a response pattern that was similar to that for dichotic syllables (apart from some systematic deviations ascribed to peripheral masking), so that the same processes of central interaction seem to be involved. Average dichotic right-ear advantages of small magnitude were obtained for the dichotic fusions. They could not be reliably discriminated from binaural stimuli, and selective attention to one ear had little effect. With respect to the measurement of dichotic ear asymmetries, dichotic fusions offer certain methodological advantages over other dichotic stimuli. The problem of determining the ’’true’’ ear advantage is discussed.
Subject Classification: [43]70.30; [43]65.75.
Input impedance curves for the brass instruments
Authors: Backus John 
Published: October 2005

Apparatus previously described [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 1266–1279 (1974)] to obtain input impedance curves for the woodwind instruments has been applied to the brass instruments. These curves show, for example, the importance of the bell and the mouthpiece in putting the resonance frequencies in their musically necessary places. The mouthpiece also has the important effect of increasing the input impedance presented to the player. The trumpet has input impedances at the various resonance frequencies ranging up to 1000 cgs acoustic ohms; trombones and French horns have about one-third as much. Trumpet mutes were investigated and found to behave as bandpass or high-pass filters which change the instrument’s radiated tone quality. The long-argued question about hand-stopping of horns was investigated; it was concluded that the effect of hand stopping is to lower the frequencies of all the modes.
Subject Classification: [43]75.40.
Analysis of diffraction in acoustic nonlinear parametric convolvers
Authors: White James M. 
Published: October 2005

Acoustic parametric convolvers operate by spatially integrating a term produced by the nonlinear interaction of two propagating strain waves. The integrand will have an additional spatially dependent weighting factor and inaccuracies in the convolution output will result if the product term is not uniformly produced and summed. Under appropriate assumptions, the expansion of the acoustic field into an angular spectrum of plane waves is used to show that no erroneous weighting is introduced by diffraction, although diffraction does contribute a uniform loss to the convolver output. Under additional assumptions, the diffraction loss for the convolved output is shown to equal that which occurs in transmitting from one transducer to the other.
Subject Classification: [43]25.30, [43]25.35; [43]35.54; [43]60.30.