bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affect and Sexual Behavior in Adolescents: A Review of the Literature and Comparison of Momentary Sampling With Diary and Retrospective Self-Report Methods of Measurement
Authors: Shrier Lydia A. , Shih Mei-Chiung , Beardslee William R. 
Published: May 2005

Objective. Assessment of mental health is important in understanding sexual risk behavior in adolescents, yet few studies have examined how affect is directly related to sexual behavior. Momentary sampling (MS) methods permit real-time assessment of affect in relation to specific events and embed the collected data in the context of the respondent's moment-to-moment life. The objectives of this study were to review the literature on affect and sexual behavior and to compare the feasibility and acceptability of MS with diaries and retrospective self-report as a means of collecting temporally relevant data on affect and sexual behavior in adolescents.
Methods. Sexually active, nondepressed adolescent outpatients who were aged 15 to 18 years were randomly assigned to a schedule of the 3 methods of data collection for 2 weeks each. All participants completed a retrospective self-report by interview at the end of each 2-week period. In the diary arm, participants completed twice-daily paper-and-pencil diary cards, which were returned by mail. In the MS arm, participants used 2-way pagers to respond to several random pages per day. Primary outcomes included rates of completion (diaries vs MS reports) and the participants' tolerance of and preferences for the methods. A secondary outcome was the agreement in means for positive and negative affect and in report of days on which substance use and sexual activity occurred. Associations of affect with contextual factors and with sexual activity were also explored in the MS arm.
Results. Ten youths completed 30 of 30 retrospective self-reports (100%, 3 per participant, by design), 254 of 280 diaries (91%; mean: 25.4 per participant), and 442 of 600 MS reports (74%; mean: 44.2 per participant). Most participants preferred the MS method to the diaries or retrospective self-report. Affect scores and reports of sexual activity and substance use were correlated among the methods. Measured with MS, affect was found to differ by location, companionship, and thoughts when paged; notably, positive affect was highest when participants reported thoughts about sex. There was no difference in affect before versus after coitus.
Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that MS in adolescents is feasible and preferred and provides contextual, temporally relevant, event-level data on affect and sexual activity that are not readily measured with traditional methods. Future research using MS methods will be important in increasing our understanding of the link between affect and sexual behavior and inform the development of improved risk reduction interventions for adolescents.
Comparison of Parent and Child Reports of Emotional Trauma Symptoms in Pediatric Outpatient Settings
Authors: Shemesh Eyal , Newcorn Jeffrey H. , Rockmore Lori , Shneider Benjamin L. , Emre Sukru , Gelb Bruce D. , Rapaport Robert , Noone Sally A. , Annunziato Rachel , Schmeidler James , Yehuda Rachel 
Published: May 2005

Objective. Exposure to emotionally traumatic events is common among children who are treated in pediatric medical care settings, and it is important to recognize the emotional reactions that children might develop as a response to the trauma. Practitioners sometimes rely on parental reports of the child's emotional reactions, but these reports may be biased by the parent's own posttraumatic symptoms. Understanding the differences between parent and child reports of the child's emotional symptoms is essential to guide proper diagnosis and care. This study evaluated discrepancies in parental versus child reports of the child's emotional trauma symptoms in pediatric medical care settings.Methods. We enrolled children and adolescents (age: 8–19) who had not previously received a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder and were treated in pediatric specialty care clinics at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. We used the UCLA posttraumatic stress reaction index, child, adolescent, and parent versions, to evaluate child and parent reports of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the child. The Impact of Event Scale was used to evaluate the parents' own posttraumatic symptoms. We conducted a “best estimate” psychiatric diagnostic procedure to determine whether the child met diagnostic criteria for PTSD and evaluated the association between the diagnostic status (as determined by the “best estimate” procedure) and the results of the questionnaires.Results. A total of 115 patients and parents consented to the study, and 76 completed the evaluation. Sixty-four percent of the parents identified the child's traumatic experience as their own most traumatic experience, too. The child's self-report of PTSD symptoms was significantly correlated with the diagnosis of PTSD in the child. In contrast, parents' reports of their child's PTSD symptoms were not significantly associated with the child's diagnosis. Parents' own posttraumatic symptoms were associated with parental reports of the child's overall PTSD symptoms (correlation coefficient: 0.283).Conclusions. When a child is emotionally traumatized, the parent's own posttraumatic stress may influence his or her report and interpretation of the child's symptoms. Clinicians who evaluate children and adolescents for PTSD in medical care settings should directly seek the child's report and should not rely exclusively on parental reports. Parental reports of a child's PTSD symptoms can offer insights into the parent's own level of posttraumatic stress.
Early-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease in the Era of Maternal Screening
Authors: Puopolo Karen M. , Madoff Lawrence C. , Eichenwald Eric C. 
Published: May 2005

Background. With the widespread implementation of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), the rate of early-onset neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) has decreased dramatically, especially in term infants. However, cases of GBS disease continue to occur despite IAP and incur significant morbidity and mortality. Inaccurate screening results, improper implementation of IAP, or antibiotic failure all may contribute to persistent disease.
Objective. To determine if clinical, procedural, or microbiologic factors influenced persistent early-onset GBS disease (EOGBS) cases in a single large maternity service after the institution of a screening-based protocol for IAP.
Methods. Retrospective review of all cases of culture-proven EOGBS at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) from 1997 to 2003. Serotyping and surface protein analyses were performed on available disease isolates.
Results. A total of 67260 infants were live-born during this period. Twenty-five cases of EOGBS (0.37 of 1000 live births) were identified. The overall incidence of EOGBS progressively decreased with different approaches to IAP. Of the 25 cases identified after institution of a screening-based protocol, 17 (68%) occurred in term infants (1 death), and 8 (32%) occurred in preterm infants (3 deaths). Among the mothers of term infants, 14 of 17 (82%) had been screened GBS negative; 1 was GBS unknown. More than half of the mothers of term infants who had screened GBS negative (8 of 14) had intrapartum risk factors for neonatal infection but did not receive antibiotics before delivery. Ten of the 17 term infants were evaluated for infection because of clinical signs of illness, and the remainder were evaluated because of intrapartum sepsis risk factors. Of the mothers of preterm infants, by the time of delivery 3 of 8 had been documented as GBS positive, 2 of 8 had been documented GBS negative, and 3 of 8 remained unknown. Only 1 of 25 women received adequate IAP, but the isolate was resistant to the administered antibiotic (clindamycin). Antibiotic resistance was not a factor in any other case, and no dominant serovariant was identified among tested isolates. Procedural errors (lack of recognition of documented GBS colonization or failure to evaluate infants at risk for sepsis) were identified in 4 cases.
Conclusions. The majority of the remaining cases of EOGBS occurred in infants whose mothers screened negative for GBS colonization. Even in the setting of a maternal GBS-screening program, efforts to evaluate and treat infants with intrapartum clinical risk factors for early-onset sepsis remain important. Until effective vaccines against GBS are available for clinical use, development and implementation of rapid and sensitive techniques for screening for GBS status and antibiotic susceptibility at presentation may help prevent additional cases of invasive GBS disease.
Cost-Effectiveness of Conjugate Meningococcal Vaccination Strategies in the United States
Authors: Shepard Colin W. , Ortega-Sanchez Ismael R. , Scott R. Douglas , Rosenstein Nancy E. ,   and the ABCs Team
Published: May 2005

Context. The US Food and Drug Administration approved a meningococcal conjugate A/C/Y/W-135 vaccine (MCV-4) for use in persons aged 11 to 55 years in January, 2005; licensure for use in younger age groups is expected in 2 to 4 years.Objective. To evaluate and compare the projected health and economic impact of MCV-4 vaccination of US adolescents, toddlers, and infants.Design. Cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective based on data from Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) and other published and unpublished sources. Sensitivity analyses in which key input measures were varied over plausible ranges were performed.Setting and Patients. A hypothetical 2003 US population cohort of children 11 years of age and a 2003 US birth cohort.Interventions. Hypothetical routine vaccination of adolescents (1 dose at 11 years of age), toddlers (1 dose at 1 year of age), and infants (3 doses at 2, 4, and 6 months of age). Each vaccination scenario was compared with a “no-vaccination” scenario.Main Outcome Measures. Meningococcal cases and deaths prevented, cost per case prevented, cost per life-year saved, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved.Results. Routine MCV-4 vaccination of US adolescents (11 years of age) would prevent 270 meningococcal cases and 36 deaths in the vaccinated cohort over 22 years, a decrease of 46% in the expected burden of disease. Before program costs are counted, adolescent vaccination would reduce direct disease costs by $18 million and decrease productivity losses by $50 million. At a cost per vaccination (average public-private price per dose plus administration fees) of $82.50, adolescent vaccination would cost society $633000 per meningococcal case prevented and $121000 per life-year saved. Key variables influencing results were disease incidence, case-fatality ratio, and cost per vaccination. The cost-effectiveness of toddler vaccination is essentially equivalent to adolescent vaccination, whereas infant vaccination would be much less cost-effective.Conclusions. Routine MCV-4 vaccination of US children would reduce the burden of disease in vaccinated cohorts but at a relatively high net societal cost. The projected cost-effectiveness of adolescent vaccination approaches that of recently adopted childhood vaccines under conditions of above-average meningococcal disease incidence or at a lower cost per vaccination.
AgAID Institute—AI for agricultural labor and decision support
Authors: Fern Alan , Burnett Margaret , Davidson Joseph , Doppa Janardhan Rao , Pesantez‐Cabrera Paola , Kalyanaraman Ananth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe AgAID Institute is a National AI Research Institute focused on developing AI solutions for specialty crop agriculture. Specialty crops include a variety of fruits and vegetables, nut trees, grapes, berries, and different types of horticultural crops. In the United States, the specialty crop industry accounts for a multibillion dollar industry with over 300 crops grown just along the U.S. west coast. Specialty crop agriculture presents several unique challenges: they are labor‐intensive, are easily impacted by weather extremities, and are grown mostly on irrigated lands and hence are dependent on water. The AgAID Institute aims to develop AI solutions to address these challenges, particularly in the face of workforce shortages, water scarcity, and extreme weather events. Addressing this host of challenges requires advancing foundational AI research, including spatio‐temporal system modeling, robot sensing and control, multiscale site‐specific decision support, and designing effective human–AI workflows. This article provides examples of current AgAID efforts and points to open directions to be explored.
An event‐triggered method to distributed filtering for nonlinear multi‐rate systems with random transmission delays
Authors: Li Zehao , Hu Jun , Chen Cai , Yu Hui , Yi Xiaojian 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn this article, an event‐triggered recursive filtering problem is studied for a class of nonlinear multi‐rate systems (MRSs) with random transmission delays (RTDs). The RTDs are described by utilizing random variables with a known probability distribution and the Kronecker function. To facilitate further study, the MRS is converted into a single‐rate one by adopting an iteration equation approach. To address the challenge of filter design caused by different measurement sampling periods, a modified prediction method of measurements is given. Moreover, an event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is introduced to regulate the innovation transmission frequency. The objective of the addressed filtering problem is to design a recursive distributed filtering method for MRSs subject to ETM and RTDs, where a minimum upper bound on the filter error covariance is obtained. Moreover, the filter gain matrix is formulated by resorting to the solutions to matrix difference equations. Besides, the boundedness in the mean‐square sense of the filtering error is analyzed and a sufficient condition is provided. Finally, simulations with comparison experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly proposed theoretical results.
Facile Preparation of TICT@MOF Solids with Unprecedented PL Quantum Yields
Authors: Laha Paltan , Chandra Falguni , Alneyadi Shaikha , Saleh Na'il 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLuminescent solids exhibit unique optical and electronic properties, and it is important to develop a simple experimental procedure to reduce the mass of weakly emissive hybrid inorganic–organic solids. The instant mixing of (1‐cyano‐2‐[α‐terthiophen‐2‐yl]‐vinyl)carboxylic acid (3TCC) and a metal–organic framework (MOF‐177; ZnO4(BTB)2; BTB = 1,3,5‐benzenetribenzoate) in an organic solvent, followed by evaporation of the solvent, produces solids with distinct photoluminescence (PL) properties, turning over the PL quantum yields (PLQY) of the generated 3TCC@MOF‐177 solids by 2‐ to 40‐fold compared to the 3TCC solution is demonstrated. The new solids are characterized by various methods and optical measurements. Contrarily to the trend in the photophysical results of 3TCC solutions, the anisotropic rotational times of 3TCC@MOF‐177 solids inversely correlate with the corresponding PLQY values depending on the protic solvent used in the initial preparation step in the following order: methanol>ethanol>butanol. This behavior is attributed to the complexation of 3TCC dye with metal clusters within the pores of MOF‐177 and hydrogen bonding of the CN group in the dye with the OH group in the linkers. These factors interplay with the kinetics of dye twisting. These observations reflect the potential of new solid luminescent architectures with remarkable PLQY that can be easily manufactured.
Remote 1,4‐Carbon‐to‐Carbon Boryl Migration: From a Mechanistic Challenge to a Valuable Synthetic Application of Bicycles
Authors: Dominguez‐Molano Paula , Solé‐Daura Albert , Carbó Jorge J. , Fernández Elena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present paper reports a remote carbon‐to‐carbon boryl migration via an intramolecular 1,4‐B/Cu shift, which establishes an in situ stereospecific electrophilic trap on the alkene moiety. The synthetic application is developed to prepare functionalized cyclopentenes by means of a palladium‐catalyzed regioselective intramolecular coupling that completes a strategic cyclopropanation and generates valuable structural bicyclic systems. The mechanism is characterized by DFT (density functional theory) calculations which showed that the 1,4‐migration proceeds through an intramolecular, nucleophilic attack of the copper‐alkyl moiety on the boron atom bonded to the C(sp2), leading to a 5‐membered boracycle structure. The computation of the 1,3‐ and 1,4‐B/Cu shifts is also compared as is the impact of the endo‐ or exocyclic alkene on the reaction kinetics.
One‐pot, Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Calix[5]‐ and Calix[6]furan: Derivatization for Polyketone‐ and Isopyrazole‐based Macrocycles with Conformational Analysis
Authors: Yoneda Tomoki , Sano Taichi , Pati Narendra Nath , Ide Yuki , Inokuma Yasuhide 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA gram‐scale synthesis of calix[5]‐ and calix[6]furan was achieved by a one‐pot condensation of furan and acetone followed by stepwise separation of calix[n]furans (n=4–6) using size‐selective precipitation procedures. Calix[n]furans were converted to cyclic polyketones and then to ethylene‐bridged cyclic isopyrazoles. The conformational analysis of the cyclic furan, polyketone, and isopyrazole macrocycles was performed based on their single crystal structures, providing important structural insights for intermolecular interactions. The scalable synthetic procedures for larger calix[n]furans and their derivatives would contribute to further coordination and host‐guest chemistry using their cavities.
Tracing synaptic loss in Alzheimer's brain with SV2A PET‐tracer UCB‐J
Authors: Kumar Amit , Scarpa Miriam , Nordberg Agneta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSynaptic loss is an early prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The recently developed novel synaptic vesicle 2A protein (SV2A) PET‐tracer UCB‐J has shown great promise in tracking synaptic loss in AD. However, there have been discrepancies between the findings and a lack of mechanistic insight.METHODSHere we report the first extensive pre‐clinical validation studies for UCB‐J in control (CN; n = 11) and AD (n = 11) brains using a multidimensional approach of post‐mortem brain imaging techniques, radioligand binding, and biochemical studies.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONWe demonstrate that UCB‐J could target SV2A protein with high specificity and depict synaptic loss at synaptosome levels in AD brain regions compared to CNs. UCB‐J showed highest synaptic loss in AD hippocampus followed in descending order by frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, and cerebellum. 3H‐UCB‐J large brain‐section autoradiography and cellular/subcellular fractions binding studies indicated potential off‐target interaction with phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) species in AD brains, which could have subsequent clinical implications for imaging studies.Highlights
Synaptic positron emission tomography (PET)–tracer UCB‐J could target synaptic vesicle 2A protein (SV2A) with high specificity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control brains.
Synaptic PET‐tracer UCB‐J could depict synaptic loss at synaptosome levels in AD brain regions compared to control.
Potential off‐target interaction of UCB‐J with phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) species at cellular/subcellular levels could have subsequent clinical implications for imaging studies, warranting further investigations.
White and Gray Matter Changes are Associated With Neurocognitive Decline in HIV Infection
Authors: Chien Alice , Wu Tianxia , Lau Chuen‐Yen , Pandya Darshan , Wiebold Amanda , Agan Brian , Snow Joseph , Smith Bryan , Nath Avindra , Nair Govind ,   for the NIH‐DOD NeuroHIV Consortium
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between neurocognitive deficits and structural changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging in people living with HIV (PLWH) with good virological control on combination antiretroviral therapy, compared with socioeconomically matched control participants recruited from the same communities.MethodsBrain magnetic resonance imaging scans, and clinical and neuropsychological data were obtained from virologically controlled PLWH (viral load of <50 c/mL and at least 1 year of combination antiretroviral therapy) and socioeconomically matched control participants. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out on 3 T scanner with 8‐channel head coils and segmented using Classification using Derivative‐based Features. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the association between brain volume and various clinical and neuropsychiatric parameters adjusting for age, race, and sex. To evaluate longitudinal changes in brain volumes, a random coefficient model was used to evaluate the changes over time (age) adjusting for sex and race.ResultsThe cross‐sectional study included 164 PLWH and 51 controls, and the longitudinal study included 68 PLWH and 20 controls with 2 or more visits (mean 2.2 years, range 0.8–5.1 years). Gray matter (GM) atrophy rate was significantly higher in PLWH compared with control participants, and importantly, the GM and global atrophy was associated with the various neuropsychological domain scores. Higher volume of white matter hyperintensities were associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, and decreased executive functioning and memory domain scores in PLWH.InterpretationThese findings suggest ongoing neurological damage even in virologically controlled participants, with significant implications for clinical management of PLWH. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:941–950
Unveiling pH‐Dependent Adsorption Strength of *CO2− Intermediate over High‐Density Sn Single Atom Catalyst for Acidic CO2‐to‐HCOOH Electroreduction
Authors: Sun Bin , Li Zaiqi , Xiao Difei , Liu Hongli , Song Kepeng , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Wang Peng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Thomas Arne , Cheng Hefeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe acidic electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for direct formic acid (HCOOH) production holds promise in meeting the carbon‐neutral target, yet its performance is hindered by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Understanding the adsorption strength of the key intermediates in acidic electrolyte is indispensable to favor CO2RR over HER. In this work, high‐density Sn single atom catalysts (SACs) were prepared and used as catalyst, to reveal the pH‐dependent adsorption strength and coverage of *CO2− intermediatethat enables enhanced acidic CO2RR towards direct HCOOH production. At pH=3, Sn SACs could deliver a high Faradaic efficiency (90.8 %) of HCOOH formation and a corresponding partial current density up to −178.5 mA cm−2. The detailed in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopic studies reveal that a favorable alkaline microenvironment for CO2RR to HCOOH is formed near the surface of Sn SACs, even in the acidic electrolyte. More importantly, the pH‐dependent adsorption strength of *CO2− intermediate is unravelled over the Sn SACs, which in turn affects the competition between HER and CO2RR in acidic electrolyte.