bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lightweight Framework For Chromatin Loop Detection at the Single‐Cell Level
Authors: Wang Fuzhou , Alinejad‐Rokny Hamid , Lin Jiecong , Gao Tingxiao , Chen Xingjian , Zheng Zetian , Meng Lingkuan , Li Xiangtao , Wong Ka‐Chun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSingle‐cell Hi‐C (scHi‐C) has made it possible to analyze chromatin organization at the single‐cell level. However, scHi‐C experiments generate inherently sparse data, which poses a challenge for loop calling methods. The existing approach performs significance tests across the imputed dense contact maps, leading to substantial computational overhead and loss of information at the single‐cell level. To overcome this limitation, a lightweight framework called scGSLoop is proposed, which sets a new paradigm for scHi‐C loop calling by adapting the training and inferencing strategies of graph‐based deep learning to leverage the sequence features and 1D positional information of genomic loci. With this framework, sparsity is no longer a challenge, but rather an advantage that the model leverages to achieve unprecedented computational efficiency. Compared to existing methods, scGSLoop makes more accurate predictions and is able to identify more loops that have the potential to play regulatory roles in genome functioning. Moreover, scGSLoop preserves single‐cell information by identifying a distinct group of loops for each individual cell, which not only enables an understanding of the variability of chromatin looping states between cells, but also allows scGSLoop to be extended for the investigation of multi‐connected hubs and their underlying mechanisms.
FBXO7 Confers Mesenchymal Properties and Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma by Controlling Rbfox2‐Mediated Alternative Splicing
Authors: Li Shangbiao , Chen Yanwen , Xie Yuxin , Zhan Hongchao , Zeng Yu , Zeng Kunlin , Wang Li , Zhan Ziling , Li Cuiying , Zhao Liqian , Chen Xiaoxia , Tan Yujing , Wang Zhongyong , Bu Junguo , Song Ye , Deng Fan , Zhou Aidong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMesenchymal glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to radio‐and chemotherapy and correlates with worse survival outcomes in GBM patients; however, the underlying mechanism determining the mesenchymal phenotype remains largely unclear. Herein, it is revealed that FBXO7, a substrate‐recognition component of the SCF complex implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, confers mesenchymal properties and chemoresistance in GBM by controlling Rbfox2‐mediated alternative splicing. Specifically, FBXO7 ubiquitinates Rbfox2 Lys249 through K63‐linked ubiquitin chains upon arginine dimethylation at Arg341 and Arg441 by PRMT5, leading to Rbfox2 stabilization. FBXO7 controls Rbfox2‐mediated splicing of mesenchymal genes, including FoxM1, Mta1, and Postn. FBXO7‐induced exon Va inclusion of FoxM1 promotes FoxM1 phosphorylation by MEK1 and nuclear translocation, thereby upregulates CD44, CD9, and ID1 levels, resulting in GBM stem cell self‐renewal and mesenchymal transformation. Moreover, FBXO7 is stabilized by temozolomide, and FBXO7 depletion sensitizes tumor xenografts in mice to chemotherapy. The findings demonstrate that the FBXO7‐Rbfox2 axis‐mediated splicing contributes to mesenchymal transformation and tumorigenesis, and targeting FBXO7 represents a potential strategy for GBM treatment.
Mild‐Photothermal Effect Induced High Efficiency Ferroptosis‐Boosted‐Cuproptosis Based on Cu2O@Mn3Cu3O8 Nanozyme
Authors: Chen Wei , Xie Wenyu , Gao Zhimin , Lin Chen , Tan Meiling , Zhang Yaru , Hou Zhiyao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA core‐shell‐structured Cu2O@Mn3Cu3O8 (CMCO) nanozyme is constructed to serve as a tumor microenvironment (TME)‐activated copper ionophore to achieve safe and efficient cuproptosis. The Mn3Cu3O8 shell not only prevents exposure of normal tissues to the Cu2O core to reduce systemic toxicity but also exhibits enhanced enzyme‐mimicking activity owing to the better band continuity near the Fermi surface. The glutathione oxidase (GSHOx)‐like activity of CMCO depletes glutathione (GSH), which diminishes the ability to chelate Cu ions, thereby exerting Cu toxicity and inducing cuproptosis in cancer cells. The catalase (CAT)‐like activity catalyzes the overexpressed H2O2 in the TME, thereby generating O2 in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to enhance cuproptosis. More importantly, the Fenton‐like reaction based on the release of Mn ions and the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 induced by the elimination of GSH results in ferroptosis, accompanied by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species that can cleave stress‐induced heat shock proteins to compromise their protective capacity of cancer cells and further sensitize cuproptosis. CMCO nanozymes are partially sulfurized by hydrogen sulfide in the colorectal TME, exhibiting excellent photothermal properties and enzyme‐mimicking activity. The mild photothermal effect enhances the enzyme‐mimicking activity of the CMCO nanozymes, thus inducing high‐efficiency ferroptosis‐boosted‐cuproptosis.
Macrophage‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles‐Coated Palladium Nanoformulations Modulate Inflammatory and Immune Homeostasis for Targeting Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Cheng Jiahui , Zhang Yiming , Ma Liang , Du Wenxian , Zhang Qiang , Gao Rifeng , Zhao Xinxin , Chen Yujie , Jiang Lixian , Li Xiaoyang , Li Bo , Zhou Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease mainly involving the colon and rectum, which features recurrent mucosal inflammation. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a trigger for pathological changes such as cell apoptosis and disordered immune microenvironments, which are crucial for the progression of UC and can be a promising therapeutic target. Nowadays, the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for UC is still in its infancy. Thus, developing effective therapies based on ROS scavenging and elucidating their molecular pathways are urgently needed. Herein, a biomimetic nanoformulation (Pd@M) with cubic palladium (Pd) as the core and macrophage‐derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) as the shell is synthesized for the treatment of UC. These Pd@M nanoformulations exhibit multienzyme‐like activities for effective ROS scavenging, excellent targeting ability as well as good biocompatibility. It is verified that Pd@M can regulate the polarization state of macrophages by inhibiting glycolysis, and decrease neutrophil infiltration and recruitment. In this way, the colonic inflammatory and immune microenvironment is remodeled, and apoptosis is prevented, ultimately improving colonic mucosal barrier function and alleviating colitis in the mouse model. This finding provides a promising alternative option for the treatment of UC patients.
Operando Spatial Pressure Mapping Analysis for Prototype Lithium Metal Pouch Cells Under Practical Conditions
Authors: Park Kyobin , Lee Myungjae , Song Jongchan , Ha A. Reum , Ha Seongmin , Jo Seunghyeon , Song Juyeop , Choi Seung Hyun , Kim Wonkeun , Ryu Kyunghan , Nam Jaewook , Lee Kyu Tae 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMonitoring and diagnosing the battery status in real‐time are of utmost importance for clarifying failure mechanism, improving battery performance, and ensuring safety, particularly under fast charging conditions. Recently, advanced operando techniques have been developed to observe changes in the microstructures of lithium deposits using laboratory‐scale cell designs, focusing on understanding the nature of Li metal electrodes. However, the macroscopic spatial inhomogeneity of lithium electroplating/stripping in the prototype pressurized pouch cells has not been measured in real‐time under practical conditions. Herein, a new noninvasive operando technique, spatial pressure mapping analysis, is introduced to macroscopically and quantitatively measure spatial pressure changes in a pressurized pouch cell during cycling. Moreover, dynamic spatial changes in the macroscopic morphology of the lithium metal electrode are theoretically visualized by combining operando pressure mapping data with mechanical analyses of cell components. Additionally, under fast charging conditions, the direct correlation between abrupt capacity fading and sudden increases in spatial pressure distribution inhomogeneity is demonstrated through comparative analysis of pouch cells under various external pressures, electrolyte species, and electrolyte weight to cell capacity (e/c) ratios. This operando technique provides insights for assessing the current battery status and understanding the complex origin of cell degradation behavior in pressurized pouch cells.
Direction‐Dependent Lateral Domain Walls in Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide and their Gradient Energy Coefficients: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Paul Tanmoy Kumar , Saha Atanu Kumar , Gupta Sumeet Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo understand and harness the physical mechanisms of ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO)‐based devices, there is a need for clear understanding of domain interactions, their dynamics, negative capacitance effects, and other multidomain characteristics. These crucial attributes depend on the coupling between neighboring domains quantified by the gradient energy coefficient (g). Furthermore, HZO has unique orientation‐dependent lateral multidomain configurations. To develop an in‐depth understanding of multidomain effects, there is a need for a thorough analysis of g. In this work, the energetics of multidomain configurations and domain growth mechanism corresponding to lateral domain walls (DWs) of HZO are analyzed and gradient energy coefficients are quantified using first‐principles density functional theory calculations. These results indicate that one lateral direction exhibits the following characteristics: i) DW is ultra‐sharp and domain growth occurs unit‐cell‐by‐unit‐cell, ii) the value of g is negative and in the order of 10−12 V m3 C−1, and iii) g reduces (increases) with compressive (tensile) strain. In contrast, in the other lateral direction, the following attributes are observed: i) DW is gradual and domain growth occurs in quanta of half‐unit‐cell, ii) g is positive and in the order of 10−10 V m3 C−1, and iii) g increases (reduces) with compressive (tensile) strain.
Sensitive Detection of a Gaseous Analyte with Low‐Power Metal–Organic Framework Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Transistors
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Dehm Simone , Wieland Laura , Chandresh Abhinav , Heinke Lars , Flavel Benjamin S. , Krupke Ralph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA highly sensitive and low‐power sensing platform for detecting ethanol molecules by interfacing high‐purity, large‐diameter semiconducting carbon nanotube transistors with a metal–organic framework layer is presented. The new devices outperform similar graphene‐based metal–organic framework devices by several orders of magnitude in terms of sensitivity and power consumption, and can detect extremely low ethanol concentrations down to sub‐ppb levels while consuming only picowatts of power. The exceptional sensor performance results from the nanotube transistor's high on/off ratio and its sensitivity to charges, allowing for ultra‐low power consumption. The platform can also compensate for shifts in threshold voltage induced by ambient conditions, making it suitable for use in humid air. This novel concept of MOF/CNTFETs could be customized for detecting various gaseous analytes, leading to a range of ultra‐sensitive and ultra‐low power sensors.
In Situ Observation of Room‐Temperature Magnesium Metal Deposition on a NASICON/IL Hybrid Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Wei Zhixuan , Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Helmbrecht Katharina , Sann Joachim , Yusim Yuriy , Kieser Joy A. , Glaser Clarissa , Rohnke Marcus , Groß Axel , Janek Jürgen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSecondary batteries using multivalent cations as ionic charge carriers have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the high theoretical energy density provided by multi‐electron redox reactions. However, the high charge density of these cations inevitably leads to sluggish kinetics of ion migration at room temperature, which poses a challenge for the development of solid‐state batteries using multivalent ions. Here, a magnesium ion conducting hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) is prepared, consisting of a new NASICON‐structured material, Mg0.5Sn2(PO4)3, and a small amount of magnesium ionic liquid. The HSE shows superior room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 1.11 × 10−4 S cm−1 and an activation energy of 0.36 eV. Due to the good compatibility of the HSE with the magnesium metal anode, symmetric MgǀHSEǀMg cells show stable magnesium plating and stripping behavior at room temperature. Using in situ electrochemical scanning electron microscopy measurements, the room temperature growth‐induced fracture of the HSE is observed, giving unequivocal evidence for magnesium deposition. These results may serve as a starting point for understanding the magnesium deposition mechanism on solid electrolytes in solid‐state batteries.
Narrative change for health equity in grassroots community organizing: A study of initiatives in Michigan and Ohio
Authors: Haapanen Krista A. , Christens Brian D. , Speer Paul W. , Freeman Hannah E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo achieve health equity, there is a need to act on the social determinants of health. This reality is now understood more widely, and in greater detail, than ever. Amid this movement toward health equity, there has been a natural gravitation to community organizing, which has long worked to produce more equitable systems and policies. Community organizing builds power through cycles of listening, participatory research, collective action, and reflection. One manifestation of this power is that organizing initiatives can often influence which issues are up for public debate, and the terms of those debates. This dimension of community power is often described by practitioners as narrative change work, and involves intervening on, complicating, and resisting dominant societal narratives that hinder action on the systems that perpetuate inequity. This article reports results from a study of organizing initiatives in Detroit, MI and Cincinnati, OH which both engaged in intentional narrative change work around health and health equity. We analyzed data from interviews with 35 key leaders across both cities. Results describe the organizational processes and activities taking place in both sites, with an emphasis on one issue in each city: educational equity in Cincinnati and water equity in Detroit. We then use coded interview data to examine how narrative change work took place in organizing around these issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic, a challenging time for organizing initiatives. Results provide insights into adaptations taking place in community organizing during this time, as well as various approaches to narrative change work as part of holistic efforts to build and exercise community power to alter social determinants of health.
Substantial incidence of bladder dysfunction in patients with VACTERL association: Implications for surveillance
Authors: Gomes Adriana , Zapata Laura Forero , Galarreta Carolina I. , Henderson Riley , Hoyt Erin , Swee Steven , Bird Lynne M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVACTERL association is defined as the nonrandom co‐occurrence of a minimum of three of the following six key components: Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiac malformations, Tracheo‐Esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities. Patients presenting with two components may also belong in the same spectrum. Additional components have been associated with VACTERL defects, including single umbilical artery, tethered spinal cord (TSC), and genital malformations. We observed a significant proportion of patients with bladder dysfunction (often called neurogenic bladder in the medical record) when reviewing a cohort of patients with VACTERL defects at our clinical center. Our finding calls attention to bladder dysfunction as an additional VACTERL phenotypic component. The prevalence of bladder dysfunction is greatest in those with genital anomalies, anorectal malformations, sacral dysplasia, renal anomalies, and TSC. We propose that patients with two or more VACTERL malformations be monitored for symptoms of bladder dysfunction if one or more of the identified risk factors are present until the achievement of urinary continence.
Progress, implications, and challenges in using humanized immune system mice in CAR‐T therapy—Application evaluation and improvement
Authors: Yue Hanwei , Bai Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, humanized immune system (HIS) mice have been gradually used as models for preclinical research in pharmacotherapies and cell therapies with major breakthroughs in tumor and other fields, better mimicking the human immune system and the tumor immune microenvironment, compared to traditional immunodeficient mice. To better promote the application of HIS mice in preclinical research, we selectively summarize the current prevalent and breakthrough research and evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) ‐T cells in various antiviral and antitumor treatments. By exploring its application in preclinical research, we find that it can better reflect the actual clinical patient condition, with the advantages of providing high‐efficiency detection indicators, even for progressive research and development. We believe that it has better clinical patient simulation and promotion for the updated design of CAR‐T cell therapy than directly transplanted immunodeficient mice. The characteristics of the main models are proposed to improve the use defects of the existing models by reducing the limitation of antihost reaction, combining multiple models, and unifying sources and organoid substitution. Strategy study of relapse and toxicity after CAR‐T treatment also provides more possibilities for application and development.
Generic Axion Maxwell Equations: Path Integral Approach
Authors: Sokolov Anton V. , Ringwald Andreas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe low energy interactions between axions and electromagnetic fields that arise in models with heavy dyons charged under a spontaneously broken global axial U(1) symmetry are derived using the path integral approach. Hence, generic axion‐Maxwell equations relevant for experimental searches are obtained. It is found that the structure of the axion Maxwell equations can be significantly different compared to what is normally assumed in the literature, as the derived equations feature new axion‐dependent terms including CP‐violating ones. The new terms can reconcile the Peccei–Quinn solution to the strong CP problem with astrophysical axion hints, as well as give unique signatures in light‐shining‐through‐wall and haloscope experiments. Moreover, via the latter signatures, these experiments can indirectly probe the existence of heavy dyons.
Optimized Crystal Framework by Asymmetric Core Isomerization in Selenium‐Substituted Acceptor for Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Can , An Qiaoshi , Jiang Mengyun , Ma Xiaoming , Mahmood Asif , Zhang Heng , Zhao Xin , Zhi Hong‐Fu , Jee Min Hun , Woo Han Young , Liao Xilin , Deng Dan , Wei Zhixiang , Wang Jin‐Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBoth the regional isomerization and selenium‐substitution of the small molecular acceptors (SMAs) play significant roles in developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), while their synergistic effects remain elusive. Herein, we developed three isomeric SMAs (S‐CSeF, A‐ISeF, and A‐OSeF) via subtly manipulating the mono‐selenium substituted position (central, inner, or outer) and type of heteroaromatic ring on the central core by synergistic strategies for efficient OSCs, respectively. Crystallography of asymmetric A‐OSeF presents a closer intermolecular π–π stacking and more ordered 3‐dimensional network packing and efficient charge‐hopping pathways. With the successive out‐shift of the mono‐selenium substituted position, the neat films give a slightly wider band gap and gradually higher crystallinity and electron mobility. The PM1 : A‐OSeF afford favourable fibrous phase separation morphology with more ordered molecular packing and efficient charge transportation compared to the other two counterparts. Consequently, the A‐OSeF‐based devices achieve a champion efficiency of 18.5 %, which represents the record value for the reported selenium‐containing SMAs in binary OSCs. Our developed precise molecular engineering of the position and type of selenium‐based heteroaromatic ring of SMAs provides a promising synergistic approach to optimizing crystal stacking and boosting top‐ranked selenium‐containing SMAs‐based OSCs.
Preparation of Bi2O3@PCPA‐KH590/chloroprene composites with good mechanical properties under high‐filling
Authors: Zeng Jun , Li YingJun , Lu YingChun , Li YunPeng , Liu HuiPing , Wu CongXiu , Chen MengXi , OuYang Wei , Zhang YiPeng , Zhou YuanLin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs a “green” radiation protection material with the potential to replace lead oxide, bismuth oxide has more research applications in the field of γ protection. However, due to their different surface properties, there are compatibility and interaction problems between metal oxides and rubber. To enhance the performance of bismuth oxide in neoprene, Bi2O3@PCPA‐KH590 was prepared by coating bismuth oxide with polyphenol/polyamine and grafting KH590 on the surface of bismuth oxide. This allows for creating more active sites with the help of polyphenol/polyamine, enabling KH590 to be grafted onto bismuth oxide particles. The S functional group on the silane coupling agent is then cross‐linked with the rubber substrate, enhancing the dispersibility of the bismuth oxide powder. This improvement not only improves the dispersibility of the bismuth oxide powder but also enhances the mechanical properties of the rubber composite material. Compared with pure CR, the mechanical properties of 60 wt% filler‐modified powder composites can still be maintained at a high level, with the tensile strength reaching 12.83 Mpa. In sum, the proposed method appears feasible for preparing highly filled radiation protection rubber‐based materials.
A Framework for Benchmarking Emerging FSCV Neurochemical Sensors
Authors: Jamalzadeh Moeid , Cuniberto Edoardo , Shahrjerdi Davood 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in combination with carbon fiber (CF) sensors has been a longstanding tool for studying neurochemical signaling in the brain. However, further progress toward brain mapping requires improvements in sensitivity, chemical selectivity, and channel count. Addressing these critical needs has been an impetus behind the search for alternative carbon materials that could outperform CF. Given the significant research activities, an objective assessment of key sensor performance metrics is crucial for guiding the material discovery. Here, a framework for assessing the sensitivity and selectivity performance of FSCV sensors is put forth and visualizing the comparison in the form of a performance plot. An example of this analysis by using nanographitic carbon as a model material is provided. It is hoped that the proposed framework can help accelerate the research progress by providing an improved guideline for evaluating emerging FSCV sensors.