bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated plasma and bile levels of corisin, a microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptide, in patients with severe acute cholangitis
Authors: Nishiwaki Ryo , Imoto Ichiro , Oka Satoko , Yasuma Taro , Fujimoto Hajime , D’Alessandro-Gabazza Corina N. , Toda Masaaki , Kobayashi Tetsu , Osamu Hataji , Fujibe Kodai , Nishikawa Kenichiro , Hamaguchi Tetsuya , Sugimasa Natsuko , Noji Midori , Ito Yoshiyuki , Takeuchi Kenji , Cann Isaac , Inoue Yasuhiro , Kato Toshio , Gabazza Esteban C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute cholangitis is a severe, life-threatening infection of the biliary system that requires early diagnosis and treatment. The Tokyo Guidelines recommend a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings for diagnosis and severity assessment, but there are still challenges in identifying severe cases that need immediate intervention. The microbiota and its derived products have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute cholangitis. Corisin is a microbiome-derived peptide that induces cell apoptosis, acute tissue injury, and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of plasma and bile corisin as a biomarker of acute cholangitis.

Methods
Forty patients with acute cholangitis associated with choledocholithiasis or malignant disease were enrolled. Nine patients without acute cholangitis were used as controls. Corisin was measured by enzyme immunoassays in plasma and bile samples. Patients were classified into severe and non-severe groups. The associations of plasma and bile corisin with the clinical grade of acute cholangitis and other parameters were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.

Results
Plasma and bile corisin levels were significantly higher in patients with acute cholangitis than in controls. Patients with severe acute cholangitis had significantly higher plasma and bile corisin levels than those with non-severe form of the disease. Bile corisin level was significantly correlated with markers of inflammation, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and renal function. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association of bile corisin but a weak association of plasma corisin with the clinical grade of acute cholangitis. In contrast, multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between plasma corisin level and the disease clinical grade. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed low sensitivity but high specificity for plasma and bile corisin to detect the severity of acute cholangitis. The plasma and bile corisin sensitivity was increased when serum C-reactive protein level was included in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Conclusions
Overall, these findings suggest that plasma and bile corisin levels may be useful biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring acute cholangitis and that corisin may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease by modulating inflammatory, coagulation and renal pathways.
Analytical study of an 1899 Peruvian dinero: unveiling the mystery of a coin that wasn’t officially minted
Authors: Ortega-San-Martín Luis , Bravo-Hualpa Fabiola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present paper presents the analytical study of an unusual Peruvian 1899 dinero coin whose authenticity has been questioned since the 1970’s. This coin, which is present in some numismatic collections although there is no record of having been minted officially, has been characterized using non-destructive techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results are consistent with a cast counterfeit coin made at the turn of the 19th and 20th using a copper base alloy that was silver-platted to pass unnoticed among the public. The alloy used, generally known as german silver, was common for counterfeits in North America and Europe in that period. The historical reasons for the appearance of this unexpected coin in Peru during a time of economic difficulties, where the public experienced a shortage of small-change coins, are briefly outlined.
The use of class imbalanced learning methods on ULSAM data to predict the case–control status in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Öztornaci R. Onur , Syed Hamzah , Morris Andrew P. , Taşdelen Bahar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) methods for uncovering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide association study (GWAS) data that can be used to predict disease outcomes are becoming increasingly used in genetic research. Two issues with the use of ML models are finding the correct method for dealing with imbalanced data and data training. This article compares three ML models to identify SNPs that predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) status using the Support vector machine SMOTE (SVM SMOTE), The Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach (ADASYN), Random under sampling (RUS) on GWAS data from elderly male participants (165 cases and 951 controls) from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM). It was also applied to SNPs selected by the SMOTE, SVM SMOTE, ADASYN, and RUS clumping method. The analysis was performed using three different ML models: (i) support vector machine (SVM), (ii) multilayer perceptron (MLP) and (iii) random forests (RF). The accuracy of the case–control classification was compared between these three methods. The best classification algorithm was a combination of MLP and SMOTE (97% accuracy). Both RF and SVM achieved good accuracy results of over 90%. Overall, methods used against unbalanced data, all three ML algorithms were found to improve prediction accuracy.
The region of large site amplification in Northern Hokkaido, Japan, extends to the eastern Soya Region
Authors: Nozu Atsushi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the document titled “predominant period of long-period ground motions and the natural period of deep subsoil” by the Central Disaster Management Council, the west part of Northern Hokkaido facing the Sea of Japan is categorized as a region, where long-period (> 6 s) ground motions are predominant. In contrast, the document categorizes the east part of Northern Hokkaido as a region where short-period (< 1 s) ground motions are predominant. The J-SHIS velocity structure model also implies that a deep sedimentary basin is located in the west part of Northern Hokkaido, but not in the east part. However, the result of a past generalized inversion analysis was inconsistent with these general understanding and suggested that the region of large site amplification in the low-frequency range in Northern Hokkaido extends to the eastern Soya Region. It was preferable to check this result with an independent dataset. Therefore, in this study, the records of the May 24, 2013, MW8.3, Sea of Okhotsk earthquake were used to investigate the distributions of site amplification factors in Northern Hokkaido. Because this is a distant earthquake and the epicentral distance was greater than 1300 km even at the closest station in Hokkaido, it was assumed that the difference of ground motions at different stations represents the difference of the site effects. The Fourier spectra for the S wave part of this earthquake at K-NET and KiK-net stations clearly indicated that the region of large site amplification in the low-frequency range in Northern Hokkaido does extend to the eastern Soya Region. It is desirable in a future study to reveal the cause of the discrepancy between this amplification pattern and the existing velocity structure models.
Graphical Abstract
The quizzical failure of a nudge on academic integrity education: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Allard Aurélien , Armond Anna Catharina Vieira , Goddiksen Mads Paludan , Johansen Mikkel Willum , Loor Hillar , Schöpfer Céline , Varga Orsolya , Clavien Christine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies on academic integrity reveal high rates of plagiarism and cheating among students. We have developed an online teaching tool,Integrity Games(https://integgame.eu/), that uses serious games to teach academic integrity. In this paper, we test the impact of a soft intervention – a short quiz – that was added to theIntegrity Gameswebsite to increase users’ interest in learning about integrity. Based on general principles of behavioral science, our quiz highlighted the intricacy of integrity issues, generated social comparisons, and produced personalized advice. We expected that these interventions would create a need for knowledge and encourage participants to spend more time on the website.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial involvingN = 405 students from Switzerland and France, half of the users had to take a short quiz before playing the serious games, while the other half could directly play the games. We measured how much time they spent playing the games, and, in a post-experimental survey, we measured their desire to learn about integrity issues and their understanding of integrity issues.ResultsContrary to our expectations, the quiz had a negative impact on time spent playing the serious games. Moreover, the quiz did not increase participants' desire to learn about integrity issues or their overall understanding of the topic.ConclusionsOur quiz did not have any measurable impact on curiosity or understanding of integrity issues, and may have had a negative impact on time spent on theIntegrity gameswebsite. Our results highlight the difficulty of implementing behavioral insights in a real-world setting.Trial registrationThe study was preregistered athttps://osf.io/73xty.
Clinico-laboratory outcomes of plasma transfusion in the Egyptian’s pediatric intensive care units—a prospective observational study
Authors: Megied Mohamed Abdallah Abd El , Mohamed Laila Hussein , Meligy Basant Salah Saad , Eissawy Yasmin Mohamed Ramadan , Ahmed Hanaa Elsayed Mohammed , Younis Ola Soliman Emam Soliman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the paucity of data supporting their indications, plasma transfusions (PT) are regularly administered for critically ill patients (CIP) in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). The aim of this study was to identify the actual indications for PT in the Egyptian’s PICUs and determine to what extent it affects the clinic-laboratory outcomes for CIP.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months on 180 CIP in PICUs of Cairo University Hospital who received plasma for at least one time during their length of stay (LOS). Full history, examination, and investigations were obtained from the medical records.

Results
Plasma was transfused in 64.4% of the studied population to support moderate and severe critical illness identified by multiple organ dysfunction score (MODS). Meanwhile, subjective-based physician conceptions accounted for 12.8% of all indications for plasma transfusion. PT in CIP was associated with a significant reduction in platelet count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio with p-value < 0.001, while there was a significant increase in hemoglobin level with p-value < 0.001. A statistically positive correlation exists between the time interval between admission and 1st PT and LOS with a p-value < 0.001 being shorter with earlier transfusion. Of the 180 patients enrolled in this study, seventy patients (38.9%) died, while 110 patients (61.1%) survived. A statistically significant increase in mechanical ventilation (MV) (p = 0.004), total number of PT (p < 0.001), and MODS score (p < 0.001) were recorded in dead CIP compared with survivors.

Conclusion
Moderate and severe critical illness identified by MODS was the most frequent cause for PT in the Egyptian’s PICUs. Early, precise, and objectively based PT has a strong role in improving the outcomes in CIP.
Two-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of non-cardiac fetal congenital anomalies in high risk pregnancies: a comparative study
Authors: Ibrahim Nada Ayman Soliman , Elshorbagy Kholoud Hamdy , Darweish Abdelmonem Nooman , Khadrah Rania Sobhy Abou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The high incidence of non-cardiac congenital anomalies in high-risk pregnancies is a major worldwide health problem. Congenital deformities represent 20–25% of perinatal deaths. The best non-invasive screening method for diagnosing congenital abnormalities is ultrasound. Four-dimensional ultrasound added additional diagnostic value to two-dimensional ultrasound in evaluating fetal prenatal conditions. Our study's goal was to compare the roles of two-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of non-cardiac fetal congenital anomalies in high-risk pregnancies.

Results
Out of the 100 pregnant women who underwent examinations, all had high-risk pregnancies and were expected to give birth to babies with deformities, a total of 25 cases (or 25%) of fetal abnormalities were found. The two-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis's accuracy sensitivity, and specificity were 84%, 76%, and 86.67%, respectively, while they were 87%, 80%, and 89.33%, respectively, for four-dimensional ultrasound. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional ultrasound were significantly higher (94%, 88%, and 96%, respectively) than those of two-dimensional ultrasound or four-dimensional ultrasound alone. This study also analyzed the risk factors leading to fetal malformations. The results showed that consanguinity, increased maternal age, past history or family history of congenital anomalies, history of medication during pregnancy, and maternal diabetes were major risk factors statistically significant for congenital anomalies.

Conclusion
The diagnosis rate of fetal abnormalities can be significantly increased by combining two-dimensional ultrasound with four-dimensional ultrasound. Avoiding risk factors that raise the likelihood of fetal abnormalities should take priority for pregnant women with high risk factors. To lower the incidence of fetal abnormalities, prenatal screening and diagnosis should be standardized.
Inflammatory Tongue Conditions and Risk of Oral Tongue Cancer Among the US Elderly Individuals
Authors: Tota Joseph E. , Engels Eric A. , Lingen Mark W. , Agrawal Nishant , Kerr Alexander R. , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Cheung Li C. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Abnet Christian C. , Chaturvedi Anil K. 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE The incidence of oral tongue cancers has increased since the 1980s among US men and women for unknown reasons. We investigated associations of inflammatory tongue conditions with risk of cancers of the oral tongue, other oral cavity, and oropharynx among the US elderly individuals (age 65 years or older). METHODS We conducted a case-control study (2,534 oral tongue cancers, 6,832 other oral cavity cancers, 9,373 oropharyngeal cancers, and 200,000 controls) within the SEER-Medicare data set (1992-2013). Medicare records were used to identify patients with clinically diagnosed inflammatory tongue conditions (glossitis, benign migratory glossitis, median rhomboid glossitis, atrophic glossitis, glossodynia, other specified conditions [eg, atrophy and hypertrophy], and other unspecified conditions) and oral precancer (leukoplakia/erythroplakia). Only conditions preceding cancer/control selection by >12 months were included. RESULTS The prevalence of inflammatory tongue conditions was significantly higher in patients with tongue cancer than controls (6.0% v 0.6%; odds ratios [ORs], adjusted for age, sex, race, Medicare utilization, and precancer, 5.8 [95% CI, 4.7 to 7.2]). This overall association primarily arose from glossitis, 5.6 (95% CI, 4.4 to 7.2); other specified conditions, 9.1 (95% CI, 5.5 to 15.2); and other unspecified conditions, 13.7 (95% CI, 8.0 to 23.7). These associations remained strongly elevated >5 years preceding tongue cancer (arguing against reverse causation), for conditions diagnosed by a specialist (arguing against misclassification), and among patients who received an oral biopsy (arguing against missed cancer). During 2013, an estimated 1 in 11 patients with oral tongue cancer had a preceding diagnosis of inflammatory tongue conditions. Associations of inflammatory tongue conditions were relatively weak for other oral cavity cancers (ORs, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.3]) and oropharyngeal cancer (OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6]) and were observed only closest to cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION Inflammatory tongue conditions were associated with strongly increased risks of oral tongue cancers and preceded cancer diagnosis by several years, underscoring the need for increased clinical surveillance among patients with such apparently benign diagnoses.
Association Between Copayment Assistance, Insurance Type, Prior Authorization, and Time to Receipt of Oral Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Lichtenstein Morgan R.L. , Beauchemin Melissa P. , Raghunathan Rohit , Lee Shing , Doshi Sahil D. , Law Cynthia , Accordino Melissa K. , Elkin Elena B. , Wright Jason D. , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE Oral anticancer drugs (OACDs) have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade. OACD prescriptions require coordination between payers and providers, which can delay drug receipt. We examined the association between insurance type, pursuit of copayment assistance, pursuit of prior authorization (PA), and time to receipt (TTR) for new OACD prescriptions. METHODS We prospectively collected data on new OACD prescriptions for adult oncology patients from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, including demographic and clinical characteristics, insurance type, and pursuit of PA and copayment assistance. TTR was defined as the number of days from prescription to OACD receipt. We summarized TTR using cumulative incidence and compared TTR by insurance type, pursuit of copayment assistance, and PA activity using the log-rank test. RESULTS Our cohort of 1,024 patients was 53% male, and 40% were younger than 65. Twenty-six percent had commercial insurance only, 16% had Medicaid only, and 59% had Medicare with or without additional insurance. Eighty-six percent of prescriptions were successfully received. Across all prescriptions, 69% involved PA activity, and 21% involved the copayment assistance process. In unadjusted analyses, prescriptions involving the copayment assistance process had longer TTR compared with those not involving assistance (log-rank P value = .005) and OACDs covered by Medicare/commercial insurance had a longer TTR compared with Medicaid (log-rank P value = .006). The PA process was not associated with TTR (log-rank P value = .124). CONCLUSION The process for obtaining OACDs is complex. The copayment assistance process and Medicare/commercial insurance are associated with delayed TTR. New policies are needed to reduce time to OACD receipt.
Variance properties of the microwave absorption spectrum of an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Chelly R. A. , Chang T. , Holzman I. , Cohen T. , Kantorovitsch J. , Stern M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work presents an original method based on the variance properties of the microwave absorption spectrum of an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. The spectrum is measured optically. A compact and simple device is designed to optimize the photon collection. We conduct a quantitative comparison of the ensemble's optical signal in both the visible and near infrared range. Using the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio achieved through the device geometry we perform real-time DC magnetometry at moderate light and microwave powers. Under these conditions, the amplitude of a DC magnetic field can be extracted from the variance of the microwave absorption spectrum in a fast and reproducible manner, without the burden of complex fitting techniques.
Regulation of the apico-basolateral trafficking polarity of the homologous copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B
Authors: Ruturaj  , Mishra Monalisa , Saha Soumyendu , Maji Saptarshi , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique , Schreiner Ryan , Gupta Arnab 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The homologous P-type copper-ATPases (Cu-ATPases) ATP7A and ATP7B are the key regulators of copper homeostasis in mammalian cells. In polarized epithelia, upon copper treatment, ATP7A and ATP7B traffic from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to basolateral and apical membranes, respectively. We characterized the sorting pathways of Cu-ATPases between TGN and the plasma membrane and identified the machinery involved. ATP7A and ATP7B reside on distinct domains of TGN in limiting copper conditions, and in high copper, ATP7A traffics to basolateral membrane, whereas ATP7B traverses common recycling, apical sorting and apical recycling endosomes en route to apical membrane. Mass spectrometry identified regulatory partners of ATP7A and ATP7B that include the adaptor protein-1 complex. Upon knocking out pan-AP-1, sorting of both Cu-ATPases is disrupted. ATP7A loses its trafficking polarity and localizes on both apical and basolateral surfaces in high copper. By contrast, ATP7B loses TGN retention but retained its trafficking polarity to the apical domain, which became copper independent. Using isoform-specific knockouts, we found that the AP-1A complex provides directionality and TGN retention for both Cu-ATPases, whereas the AP-1B complex governs copper-independent trafficking of ATP7B solely. Trafficking phenotypes of Wilson disease-causing ATP7B mutants that disrupts putative ATP7B–AP1 interaction further substantiates the role of AP-1 in apical sorting of ATP7B.
Passive electroreception in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): implication for micro- and large-scale orientation
Authors: Hüttner Tim , von Fersen Lorenzo , Miersch Lars , Dehnhardt Guido 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTFor the two dolphin species Sotalia guianensis (Guiana dolphin) and Tursiops truncatus (bottlenose dolphin), previous research has shown that the vibrissal crypts located on the rostrum represent highly innervated, ampullary electroreceptors and that both species are correspondingly sensitive to weak electric fields. In the present study, for a comparative assessment of the sensitivity of the bottlenose dolphin's electroreceptive system, we determined detection thresholds for DC and AC electric fields with two bottlenose dolphins. In a psychophysical experiment, the animals were trained to respond to electric field stimuli using the go/no-go paradigm. We show that the two bottlenose dolphins are able to detect DC electric fields as low as 2.4 and 5.5 µV cm−1, respectively, a detection threshold in the same order of magnitude as those in the platypus and the Guiana dolphin. Detection thresholds for AC fields (1, 5 and 25 Hz) were generally higher than those for DC fields, and the sensitivity for AC fields decreased with increasing frequency. Although the electroreceptive sensitivity of dolphins is lower than that of elasmobranchs, it is suggested that it allows for both micro- and macro-scale orientation. In dolphins pursuing benthic foraging strategies, electroreception may facilitate short-range prey detection and target-oriented snapping of their prey. Furthermore, the ability to detect weak electric fields may enable dolphins to perceive the Earth's magnetic field through induction-based magnetoreception, thus allowing large-scale orientation.