bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting poor outcomes following intravenous rt-PA in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Fengjiao , Zhao Dan , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2025

Background
Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within 4.5 h of symptom onset is a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, certain patients continue to develop unfavorable outcomes despite timely rt-PA therapy. Identifying those at high risk is essential for developing individualized care plans and establishing appropriate follow-up.

Methods
This retrospective study included AIS patients treated with intravenous rt-PA at 0.9 mg/kg at our center. Outcomes at three months were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patients with mRS scores ≤2 were considered to have favorable outcomes, and those with scores >2 were considered to have poor outcomes. Univariable analysis and stepwise logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of poor prognosis, and a nomogram was subsequently developed. The model’s discriminative power was assessed with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC), and its calibration was examined using calibration plots. Decision curves and clinical impact curves were applied to determine clinical utility.

Results
Among 392 enrolled patients, 77 had poor outcomes three months after rt-PA therapy. Fibrinogen (Fg), baseline NIHSS, and a history of hypertension emerged as independent predictors of poor prognosis. The nomogram achieved an AUC of 0.948 (95% CI [0.910–0.985]), with sensitivity of 0.900 and specificity of 0.916 in the training dataset, and an AUC of 0.959 (95% CI [0.907–1.000]), with sensitivity of 0.943 and specificity of 0.947 in the validation dataset. Calibration plots demonstrated close agreement between predicted and observed probabilities, and decision curves indicated a wide range of net benefit threshold probabilities.

Conclusions
This nomogram, incorporating baseline NIHSS, Fg, and a history of hypertension, accurately predicts poor three-month outcomes in AIS patients treated with intravenous rt-PA. Its ease of use may facilitate early risk stratification and assist clinicians in formulating more targeted management strategies and follow-up protocols for patients likely to experience unfavorable outcomes.
Association of Chinese visceral adiposity index with asymptomatic hyperuricemia incidence in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Qing , Liu Tian , Jia Changxin , Wang Ping , Wang Yangang , He Qing 
Published: February 2025

Background
Previous research has shown a correlation between high visceral fat levels and hyperuricemia incidence. The Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) assessed visceral fat status in the Chinese population. Our study investigates the correlation between CVAI and asymptomatic hyperuricemia in type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed 1,588 hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients to investigate the association between CVAI and hyperuricemia. CVAI was included in the logistic regression analysis as both a continuous and categorical variable, and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the dose-response relationship. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to investigate potential interactions among variables. The predictive capability of CVAI was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve based on the basic model.

Results
The CVAI quartile group analysis revealed a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia with increasing CVAI levels. CVAI is significantly associated with hyperuricemia, as identified through multifactorial logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for all covariates, the odds ratios for CVAI in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were significantly higher than in the lowest quartile, with values of 2.688 (95% CI [1.301–5.554], p = 0.008), 2.752 (95% CI [1.320–5.739], p = 0.007), and 4.990 (95% CI [2.392–10.409], p < 0.001), respectively. No significant interactions were observed in the subgroup analysis. Incorporating CVAI into the basic model increased the ROC curve’s area under the curve to 0.714.

Conclusion
This study found a positive correlation between CVAI and hyperuricemia incidence in type 2 diabetes patients. Consequently, CVAI may reliably indicate hyperuricemia in this patient population.
Assessment of In vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Advantages, and Limitations
Authors: Peiris DSHS , Fernando DTK , Senadeera SPNN , Ranaweera CB 
Published: February 2025

Aims: Inflammation is a vital biological response that plays an important role during tissue repair and defense against infections. A range of transcription factors (including NF-KB and AP-1), enzymes (Cycooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediates this process. The dysregulation of inflammation can lead to chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. Corticosteroids and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used as anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite their effectiveness, the prolonged use of these drugs comes with various side effects. Therefore, there is a growing demand for safer but effective anti-inflammatory drugs. Plants and plant-based products have a rich history for their medicinal properties. Hence, medicinal plants can be a strong alternative for developing new anti-inflammatory drugs.
Materials and Methods: In vitro assays are frequently utilized for the initial screening of natural products for their pharmacological properties as they are cost-effective, direct, and time-efficient. Protein denaturation inhibition assays, membrane stabilization assays, enzyme inhibition (COX/LOX), and nitric oxide assays are commonly used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of drugs.
Conclusion: This review explores frequently utilized In vitro assays to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, outlining their principles, methodologies, advantages, and limitations. It aims to help researchers choose appropriate techniques for drug discovery and the development of anti-inflammatory medications. However, the inability of In vitro models to fully replicate the complexity of living organism responses remains a significant limitation.
Enhanced Ionic Diffusion via Refined Pillared 1D Channels for Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhang Yanan , Chen Zhuo , Chen Rui , Shan Chi , Zhang Xingxing , Wang Shun , Zhang Zengqi , Zhang Sheng , Zhou Wei , Huang Wenhuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs), the tunability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) pore structures in electrolytes enhances sodium ion transport and anion selectivity. However, the underlying mechanism of these pore structures, especially on ion transport and anion filtration, Dremains unclear. Herein, two zinc‐based azole hybrid frameworks (AHF) featuring pillared 1D channels are synthesized. The refined MOF‐based electrolyte, BPDC@PH, exhibits an ionic mobility number of 0.87 and an ionic conductivity of 7.74 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 35 °C, with cycling stability exceeding 1000 hours at 1.0 mA cm−2, which is comparable to existing MOF‐based electrolytes. Density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the enlarged AHF‐BPDC channels enhance Na+ diffusion and TFSI− adsorption, with a diffusion coefficient of 5.733 × 10−10 m2 s−1Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) conforms efficient NaTFSI transport and rapid NaF deposition, ensuring 1000‐cycle stability and over 99% efficiency. The refined MOFs with pillared 1D channels present a promising strategy for developing advanced ssGPEs for highly efficient SMBs.
Recyclable Low Dielectric Polymers with High Thermal Conductivity for Copper‐Clad Laminated Film for High‐Frequency Applications
Authors: Ko Hyeyoon , Wi Youngjae , Koo Jahyeon , Rim Minwoo , Hyeong Jaeseok , Yoo Myong Jae , Jeong Yongchae , Chaudhary Girdhari , Kang Dong‐Gue , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the rapid increase in demand for next‐generation communication, the development of advanced dielectric materials has become imperative. To enhance the performance and reliability of miniaturized electronic devices, dielectric materials must exhibit high thermal conductivity (λ) while simultaneously fulfilling crucial criteria such as low dielectric permittivity (Dk) and dielectric loss (Df). The synthesis of novel low dielectric polymers (LDPs) is newly reported by integrating fused aromatic mesogens and siloxane functions with silane linkers. Fused aromatic mesogenic building blocks undergo crosslinking via hydrosilylation with octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS). The resulting LDPs exhibit excellent low dielectric properties (Dk of 1.79 and a Df of 0.004) along with a high λ (0.89 W m−1 K−1). The cold crystallization of LDPs governs their molecular packing structure, which controls electron alignment and phonon transfer. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between molecular packing structure and thermal properties of LDPs allows for precise tuning of signal transmission and heat conduction in dielectric polymers. Furthermore, the reprocessable and recyclable nature of LDPs highlights their potential as highly effective and environmentally sustainable materials for advanced dielectric applications.
Homogenized Wide Bandgap Perovskites for Photostable and Efficient Four‐Terminal All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Lijuan , Sun Jiahui , Wang Jinpei , Duan Meiru , Li Tai , Hu Zhelu , Zhang Hui , Chen Yonghua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWide bandgap perovskite solar cells (WBG PSCs) have attracted widespread attention owing to their potential application in tandem solar cells. However, the mixed halide WBG perovskites suffer from serious phase segregation issues, which severely restrict the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the resulted device. Herein, an effective bottom‐up strategy has been developed to stabilize WBG perovskites by incorporating propylammonium chloride (PACl) at the buried interface. The PACl can interact with PbI2 to form a thin layer of low dimensional perovskites at the perovskite/SnO2 interface, which enables the formation of an energetic cascade structure to accelerate electron extraction. Moreover, the as generated low dimensional perovskites can seed perovskite growth with homogenized halide distribution and released lattice strain. Owing to the uniformed crystallization, suppressed defect states, and accelerated charge transport, the light induced phase segregation within the WBG perovskite is largely suppressed. As a result, a champion efficiency of ≈20% is obtained in a WBG PSC, and over 90% of the initial efficiency is maintained after 2000 h storage. By combining with a narrow bandgap PSC, a four‐terminal all perovskite tandem solar cell is ultimately constructed with a promising efficiency up to 27.2%.
On‐Demand Silk Protein‐Based Spray for Acute Burn Wound Management
Authors: Wang Yushu , Nuutila Kristo , Carlsson Anders H , Christy Sean , Larson David , Li Xinxin , Chen Ying , Hasturk Onur , Li Chunmei , Chan Rodney K. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is a critical unmet need to improve the treatment of battlefield burns. Rapid and efficient wound protection and closure are essential to prevent infections, reduce pain, and minimize scarring. This study introduces a portable, field‐applicable spray system designed to instantly apply a protective hydrogel coating with therapeutic agents to wounds of varying sizes and shapes for emergency treatments. By mimicking natural silk‐spinning processes, the current spray‐on hydrogel coating is optimized to create a self‐standing, spider‐web‐like interwoven structure that supports tissue adhesion, cell viability, and vascular regeneration. In vivo testing in a porcine burn model demonstrates that these silk‐based spray‐on coatings, especially when combined with antibiotics, significantly accelerated healing in deep partial‐thickness burns compared to standard treatments. This spray system supports rapid and effective performance for emergency medical use, offering an advancement in functional biomaterials.
A Multi‐Input Molecular Classifier Based on Digital DNA Strand Displacement for Disease Diagnostics
Authors: Zhang Linghao , Yang Huixiao , Yan Yumin , Zhao Hongyang , Han Da , Su Xin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDNA‐based molecular computing systems for biomarkers have emerged as powerful tools for intelligent diagnostics. However, with the variety of feature biomarkers expanding, current molecular computing systems suffer from the use of a large number of oligonucleotides and limited encoding capability. Here, the study develops an alternative molecular computing approach termed Digital DNA Strand Displacement (DDSD) which recognizes targets and operates target valence through DNA polymerase‐based extension and strand release. DDSD significantly reduced the number of used oligonucleotide species, provided robust molecular classifiers. In clinical blood samples, a 96% accuracy rate is achieved with a DDSD‐based binary classifier for distinguishing bacterial and viral infections, a 100% accuracy rate is achieved with a multiclass classifier for identifying pathogen types, surpassing existing classifier systems. Moreover, DDSD can be readily expanded. Cascade DDSD is developed, enabling simultaneous computing of up to 14 valence states with a maximum valence of 25. Multiway junction DDSD is implemented to achieve high‐valence computing by compact DNA nanostructures rather than split DNA computing units, reducing the potential leakage. The implementation of DDSD enhances the capability of valence‐based intelligent molecular diagnostics and multiplexed biomarker detection.
Embedding Carbon Nanotubes in Artificial Cells Enhances Probe Transfer
Authors: Wu Junwen , Zeng Xuemin , Wang Lina , Zhang Jinghui , Cui Shuhua , Ma Zixiao , Pan Ruirong , Liu Chang , Kong Dezhao , Song Juan , Liu Lei , Feng Chunying , Shen Wei , Suo Xiaocen , Lin Zixia , Lee Hian Kee , Tang Sheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMonitoring intracellular biomarkers is crucial for clinical disease diagnosis. However, the majority of signaling molecules face difficulties in slow transference across the cell membrane to reach intracellular detection sites, limiting their application in clinical settings. This study proposes an artificial cell‐based signal probe transfer‐enhanced sensing strategy to effectively detect microRNAs (miRNAs) by embedding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in artificial cell membranes. The liposome‐based artificial cell is constructed to protect the signal probes such as nucleic acids, metal ions, and fluorescent dyes. CNTs are embedded in artificial cell membranes and employed as artificial channels to enhance intercellular signal probe transduction and mass transfer. Through CNTs‐mediate cell‐cell signal probe transmission, the probes pass through the liposome membrane interface and fuse into target cells, selectively hybridizing with the intracellular target miRNAs, triggering a sensing process and resulting in enhanced fluorescence signal. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to prove the enhancement of CNTs‐mediated cell‐cell fusion. This strategy demonstrates excellent analytical performance by quantitatively detecting let‐7a miRNA and visualizing it in living colon cancer cells. These findings hold great significance in promoting and accelerating cell‐cell signal probe transmission and enabling effective sensing of intracellular biomarkers for diagnostic purposes.
Intensification of Alkaline Electrolyzer with Improved Two‑Phase Flow
Authors: Egert Franz , Ullmer Dirk , Marx Sven , Taghizadeh Ehsan , Morawietz Tobias , Gerle Martina , Le Thi Anh , Campo Schneider Lucia Paula , Biswas Indro Shubir , Wirz Richard E. , Spieth Philipp , Marquard‐Möllenstedt Tonja , Brinner Andreas , Faccio Ricardo , Fernández‐Werner Luciana , Esteves Martín , Razmjooei Fatemeh , Ansar Syed Asif 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGreen hydrogen produced through water electrolysis offers a promising pathway to global decarbonization. Among various electrolyzers, alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is the most established and commercially mature. To reduce the cost of hydrogen production from AWE, it is crucial to increase operational current density while maintaining or lowering voltage to increase hydrogen yield and reduce energy consumption. Such efforts are focused on reducing the ohmic resistance at high current densities through the implementation of alkaline membranes. However, this work underlines that the ohmic resistance at high current densities is also influenced by the losses associated with the evolution of bubbles at the electrode surface and two‐phase mass transfer. This is shown by investigating the impact of tortuosity and bubble point of porous electrodes on AWE performance. Low‐tortuosity porous nickel electrodes are fabricated and analyzed for their ability to reduce capillary pressure and bubble point, resulting in lower energy losses and improved efficiency. The cell reaches an industrially appealing relevant current density of 2 A cm−2 at ≈2 V. Besides test in single cells, the advantageous effect of these low tortuosity porous nickel electrodes are also validated in a kW‐class AWE stack, confirming their effectiveness in enhancing overall system performance.
Private Capital Investments in Agrifood‐Tech Startups in South America, 2007–2022
Authors: Vergara Juan Manuel , Barrett Christopher B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper documents rapid growth in private investment in agrifood‐tech startups in South America. Over the 15 year period 2007–22, nearly US$10 billion flowed into 547 startups via more than 1100 business deals. The real annualized growth rate of 52% in such investment has gone largely unnoticed. The South American agrifood‐tech ecosystem is heavily concentrated in Brazil and Argentina, which together account for 75% of the population of startups. Likewise, the ten largest deals over this period account for 48 percent of all investments; the median investment in South American agrifood tech is modest, roughly US$100,000. Pre‐farm gate technologies captured over 42% of the deal flow but only 15% of the total capital invested. By contrast, investments at the consumer‐facing end of the agrifood value chain, into on‐demand delivery startups, represent 51% of all investments in the region but only 8% of the deal flow. Just 46% of firms raised two or more funding rounds over the 15‐year period. Multivariate regression models show that country‐year‐level macroeconomic, financial and agricultural indicators fail to explain much variation in private capital investments in South American agrifood tech. Drawing on key informant interviews, we identify some of the main barriers to and accelerators of adoption and uptake at scale of agrifood technologies in South America.
Electrified distillation with flash vapor circulation and thermal storage for dynamic electricity markets
Authors: Qi Meng , Zhang Xiaodong , Wong David Shan‐Hill , Shu Chi‐Min , Cui Chengtian , Kiss Anton A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDistillation is widely used for separating liquid mixtures, but its high heating demand poses challenges for achieving net‐zero emissions. This study presents an innovative approach to electrifying distillation for load adaptability and flexible operation, aligning with dynamic electricity markets driven by renewables. The approach integrates flash vapor circulation and thermal storage into the distillation to optimize power usage and capitalizes on economic opportunities from load‐flexible operation in response to fluctuating electricity pricing. A methanol/water distillation case study, using two typical electricity pricing scenarios, demonstrates that the proposed approach is more economically efficient than mechanical vapor recompression distillation, especially in lowering operational costs when the latter operates under fixed electricity pricing. However, compressor capital costs significantly impact overall costs, with sensitivity analysis examining different cost models. This approach can be applied to general distillation, allowing integration with the power sector and demand response programs, while enhancing flexibility, decarbonization, and efficiency.
Neuroimaging Predictors of Cognitive Resilience against Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
Authors: Williams McKenna E. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Bell Tyler R. , Lin Shu‐Ju , Glatt Stephen J. , Kremen William S. , Elman Jeremy A. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveSome individuals demonstrate greater cognitive resilience—the ability to maintain cognitive performance despite adverse brain‐related changes—through as yet unknown mechanisms. We examined whether cortical thickness in several brain regions confers resilience against cognitive decline in amyloid‐positive adults by moderating the effects of thinner cortex in Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related brain regions and of higher levels of tau.MethodsAmyloid‐positive participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with relevant imaging data were included (n = 160, observations = 473). Risk factors included an AD brain signature and cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau. Cognitive measures were episodic memory and executive function composites. Mixed effects models tested whether region‐specific cortical thickness moderated relationships between markers of AD risk and memory or executive function.ResultsCross‐sectionally, thicker cortex in 8 regions minimized the negative impact of thinner cortex/smaller volume in AD signature regions on executive function. Longitudinally, higher baseline thickness in a composite of these 8 regions predicted less memory decline (p = 0.007) and weakened negative effects of phosphorylated tau on memory decline (p = 0.014), independent of baseline cognition and risk markers.InterpretationWe identified 8 cortical regions that appear to confer cognitive resilience cross‐sectionally and longitudinally in the face of established indicators of AD pathology. Brain regions fostering executive function may enable compensation in later memory performance and confer cognitive resilience against effects of phosphorylated tau and AD‐related cortical changes. These “resilience” regions suggest the value of focusing on brain regions beyond only those determined to be AD‐related and may partially explain variability in AD‐related cognitive trajectories. ANN NEUROL 2025