bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method for short leaky‐wave antennas to suppress the reflected wave
Authors: Wang Chien‐Jen , Guan Hua‐Lin , Jou Christina F. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA method to suppress the back lobe of a short leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) by using an aperture‐fed patch antenna on the backside is demonstrated in this paper. The aperture‐fed patch antenna is connected to the open end of the LWA. This design offers another radiation path of the reflected wave and creates another radiation pattern on the back plane of the substrate. Experimental results show that the suppression of the reflected wave can be 10 dB at 10.0 GHz with an LWA length of 6 cm (2 wavelengths). Compared to the conventional design, this novel structure can radiate as efficiently as LWA at a length of 4 wavelengths. The two radiation patterns on different planes have great potential in many applications and can provide more flexibility to traditional designs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 129–131, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10696
Low‐profile broadband printed quadrifilar helical antenna for broadcasting satellite application
Authors: Chen Yen‐Yu , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a low‐profile broadband design of a printed quadrifilar helical antenna for the application as a broadcasting satellite receiving antenna in the frequency range of about 2.3 to 2.7 GHz. The antenna comprises four parallel printed strips excited in phase quadrature and rolled into a helical shape on a foam cylinder of diameter 22 mm and height 27.2 mm. The antenna shows broadband circular polarization (CP) operation with a 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth of about 670 MHz or 27.9% centered at about 2.4 GHz. Good antenna gain is also obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 134–136, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10698
Analysis of conformal antennas on a complex platform
Authors: Liu Jian , Jin Jian‐Ming 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA numerical technique is presented for characterizing the radiation patterns and mutual coupling of conformal antennas mounted on a complex platform. This technique uses the higher‐order finite element method (FEM) to model the antennas and the platform and employs the boundary integral equation to terminate the FEM computational domain. The resulting numerical system is solved using a novel preconditioner in conjunction with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm for the fast evaluation of boundary integrals. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 139–142, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10700
Integrated broadband power amplifier/low‐noise amplifier switch for time division diplexer
Authors: Lee Tze Kiu , Chan Wing Shing , Siu Yun Ming 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWhen the transmit BJT power amplifier is connected to the receive BJT low‐noise amplifier, a switch can be realized. Since the frequency‐dependant quarter‐wavelength transmission line normally used in low‐cost PIN diode switches has been eliminated, the bandwidth is increased. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 145–147, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10702
SOME QUALITATIVE DYNAMICS OF NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-BERNAL ANÍBAL 
Published: December 2002

In this paper we survey some recent results on the behavior of solutions of parabolic equations subjected to nonlinear boundary conditions. The results range from local existence and regularity of solutions, to global existence, dissipativeness and existence of attractors, and to blow-up in finite time. Some applications are given to some singular perturbation problems and to pattern formation from boundary flux.
EXACT FORMULA FOR THE MEAN LENGTH OF A RANDOM WALK ON THE SIERPINSKI TOWER
Authors: KOZAK JOHN J. , BALAKRISHNAN V. 
Published: December 2002

We consider an unbiased random walk on a finite, nth generation Sierpinski gasket (or "tower") in d = 3 Euclidean dimensions, in the presence of a trap at one vertex. The mean walk length (or mean number of time steps to absorption) is given by the exact formula [Formula: see text] The generalization of this formula to the case of a tower embedded in an arbitrary number d of Euclidean dimensions is also found, and is given by [Formula: see text] This also establishes the leading large-n behavior [Formula: see text] that may be expected on general grounds, where Nn is the number of sites on the nth generation tower and [Formula: see text] is the spectral dimension of the fractal.
Measurement of strain‐dependent toxicity in the indene bioconversion using multiparameter flow cytometry
Authors: Amanullah A. , Hewitt C. J. , Nienow A. W. , Lee C. , Chartrain M. , Buckland B. C. , Drew S. W. , Woodley J. M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe bionconversion of indene to cis‐(1S,2R)‐indandiol, a potential key intermediate in the synthesis of Merck's HIV protease inhibitor, CRIXIVAN™, can be achieved using Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli strains. This study reports on the application of multiparameter flow cytometry for the measurement of cytoplasmic membrane integrity and membrane depolarization as indicators of toxic effects of the substrate, product, and by‐products using each of these strains. Measurements of oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and optical density (OD) as indicators of metabolic activity and biomass growth, respectively, were also made. Measurements of the cytoplasmic membrane potential, cell viability, and respiratory activity provided a sensitive set of parameters to assess toxicity in the indene bioconversion and provided the basis for process improvements and strain selection. The toxic concentrations of the substrate, product, and by‐products for each strain have been determined. The results show that it is possible to accumulate cis‐(1S,2R)‐indandiol and cis‐1‐amino‐2‐indanol up to 20 g/L without significant negative effects on cell physiology using any of the strains tested. The Gram‐negative P. putida (421‐5 and GM 730) and E. coli strains were more resistant to indene and the isolated chemicals of the biotransformation than the Gram‐positive Rhodoccoccus I24 strain, possibly due to the presence of the outer membrane and efflux pump mechanisms. P. putida GM 730 and the E. coli TDO 123 strains responded similarly to toxic effects, and the E. coli TDO 123 strain was more resistant than the P. putida 421‐5 strain. In addition to the recommendations for strain selection, the identified targets for bioprocess improvement include a combination of genetic as well as process engineering approaches. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 405–420, 2003.
Determination of in vivo oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide evolution rates from off‐gas measurements under highly dynamic conditions
Authors: Wu L. , Lange H. C. , van Gulik W. M. , Heijnen J. J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn vivo kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are studied, in a time window of 150 s, by analyzing the response of O2 and CO2 in the fermentor off‐gas after perturbation of chemostat cultures by metabolite pulses. Here, a new mathematical method is presented for the estimation of the in vivo oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) directly from the off‐gas data in such perturbation experiments. The mathematical construction allows effective elimination of delay and distortion in the off‐gas measurement signal under highly dynamic conditions. A black box model for the fermentor off‐gas system is first obtained by system identification, followed by the construction of an optimal linear filter, based on the identified off‐gas model. The method is applied to glucose and ethanol pulses performed on chemostat cultures of S. cerevisiae. The estimated OUR is shown to be consistent with the independent dissolved oxygen measurement. The estimated in vivo OUR and CER provide valuable insights into the complex dynamic behavior of yeast and are essential for the establishment and validation of in vivo kinetic models of primary metabolism. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 448–458, 2003.
Geminivirus vectors for high‐level expression of foreign proteins in plant cells
Authors: Mor Tsafrir S. , Moon Yong‐Sun , Palmer Kenneth E. , Mason Hugh S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) is a monopartite geminivirus that can infect dicotyledonous plants. We have developed a high‐level expression system that utilizes elements of the replication machinery of this single‐stranded DNA virus. The replication initiator protein (Rep) mediates release and replication of a replicon from a DNA construct (“LSL vector”) that contains an expression cassette for a gene of interest flanked by cis‐acting elements of the virus. We used tobacco NT1 cells and biolistic delivery of plasmid DNA for evaluation of replication and expression of reporter genes contained within an LSL vector. By codelivery of a GUS reporter‐LSL vector and a Rep‐supplying vector, we obtained up to 40‐fold increase in expression levels compared to delivery of the reporter‐LSL vectors alone. High‐copy replication of the LSL vector was correlated with enhanced expression of GUS. Rep expression using a whole BeYDV clone, a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter driving either genomic rep or an intron‐deleted rep gene, or 35S‐rep contained in the LSL vector all achieved efficient replication and enhancement of GUS expression. We anticipate that this system can be adapted for use in transgenic plants or plant cell cultures with appropriately regulated expression of Rep, with the potential to greatly increase yield of recombinant proteins. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 430–437, 2003.
Bioimmobilization of keratinase using Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli systems
Authors: Wang Jeng‐Jie , Swaisgood Harold E. , Shih Jason C. H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractImmobilized keratinase can improve stability while retaining its proteolytic and keratinolytic properties. Conventional purification followed by chemical immobilization is a laborious and costly process. A new genetic construct was developed to produce the keratinase–streptavidin fusion protein. Consequently, the purification and immobilization of the fusion protein onto a biotinylated matrix can be accomplished in a single step. The method was tested in both the Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli systems. In B. subtilis, the fusion protein was produced extracellularly and readily immobilized from the medium. In E. coli, the fusion protein was produced intracellularly in inclusion bodies; additional separation and renaturation processes were required prior to immobilization from the cell extract. The overall efficiencies were approximately the same, 24–28%, using both systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 421–429, 2003.
Transfection of NS0 myeloma fusion partner cells with HSP70 gene results in higher hybridoma yield by improving cellular resistance to apoptosis
Authors: Lasunskaia Elena B. , Fridlianskaia Irina I. , Darieva Zoulfia A. , Da Silva Mariele S.R. , Kanashiro Milton M. , Margulis Boris A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMouse myeloma NS0 cells widely used in hybridoma technology lack the expression of a major stress protein Hsp70 which is the principal component of the basic cellular defense mechanism. These cells rapidly undergo apoptosis at the late‐stationary phase of batch culture following nutrient exhaustion. Since Hsp70 was recently demonstrated to protect cells against numerous apoptotic stimuli, the aim of the present study was to examine the protective potential of the protein expression in engineered myeloma NS0 cells and in resulting hybridomas. Myeloma cells were transfected with the hsp70 gene under beta‐actin gene promoter. To imitate harmful conditions that hybridoma or myeloma cells often experience when cultivated in large scale for an antibody production, NS0wt and NS0hsp70 cell cultures were maintained without changing the medium for a few days, and the expression of apoptotic markers has been studied. It was found that long‐term cultivation induced apoptosis in original cells manifested by typical nuclei fragmentation, DNA ladders and activation of caspase‐3. In contrast, in transfected cells under the same conditions the outcome of apoptosis was postponed for 24 hours. Most relevant was that the fusion of transfected myeloma cells with immune splenocytes resulted in twofold hybridomas output compared with wild‐type fusion partner. Almost half of the hybridomas continued to be hsp70‐positive and maintained higher robustness in culture. The level of monoclonal antibodies production by hybridoma cells obtained with the use of NS0wt and NS0hsp70 was similar, however, the secreted product was better preserved in culture supernatants of Hsp70‐positive cells. It is concluded that transfection of mouse myeloma cells with the hsp70 gene can be a novel means to increase hybridoma yield and reduce the sensitivity of myeloma and hybridoma cells to culture conditions insults accompanying monoclonal antibody production. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 496–504, 2003.
Adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone compared with single‐agent L‐phenylalanine mustard for patients with operable breast carcinoma and positive axillary lymph nodes
Authors: Rivkin Saul E. , Green Stephanie J. , Lew Danika , Costanzi John J. , Athens John W. , Osborne C. Kent , Vaughn Clarence B. , Martino Silvana 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdjuvant combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil plus vincristine and prednisone (CMFVP) was compared with single‐agent L‐phenylalanine mustard (L‐PAM) for the treatment of patients with axillary lymph node positive primary breast carcinoma over 20‐years of follow‐up.METHODSFour hundred forty‐one women with axillary lymph node positive breast carcinoma were randomized to receive either combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (60 mg/m2orally every day for 1 year), fluorouracil (300 mg/m2intravenously [IV] weekly for 1 year), methotrexate (15 mg/m2IV weekly for 1 year), vincristine (0.625 mg/m2IV for 10 weeks), prednisone (30 mg/m2orally on Days 1–14, 20 mg/m2on Days 15–28, and 10 mg/m2on Days 29–42), or single‐agent chemotherapy with L‐PAM (5 mg/m2orally every day for 5 days every 6 weeks for 2 years) after undergoing surgery. Patients were stratified according to menopausal status and number of positive lymph nodes (1–3 positive lymph nodes or > 3 positive lymph nodes). Seventy‐seven patients were ineligible.RESULTSThe maximum follow‐up is 24 years, with a median follow‐up of 21.5 years. Disease free survival and overall survival were superior with CMFVP (two‐sided log‐rank test;P= 0.0008 andP= 0.007, respectively). For all patients, the estimated 20‐year survival rate of patients who received CMFVP was 40% compared with 27% for patients who received L‐PAM. There was a substantial survival benefit for CMFVP compared with L‐PAM in the subsets of premenopausal patients and patients with four or more positive lymph nodes. The estimated 20‐year survival rate for premenopausal women who received CMFVP was 49% compared with 33% for premenopausal women who received L‐PAM. Among women with ≥ 4 positive lymph nodes, the estimated survival rate for patients who received CMFVP was 31% compared with 15% for patients who received L‐PAM. Both regimens were tolerated well. Toxicity was more severe and frequent among patients who received CMFVP.CONCLUSIONSThe authors conclude that, after 20 years of follow‐up, adjuvant chemotherapy with CMFVP remains superior to L‐PAM for the treatment of patients with lymph node positive breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:21–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10982
Phase I trial of weekly docetaxel and gemcitabine in patients with refractory malignancies
Authors: Mekhail Tarek , Hutson Thomas E. , Elson Paul , Budd G. Thomas , Srkalovic Gordon , Olencki Thomas , Peereboom David , Pelley Robert , Bukowski Ronald M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDA Phase I study using weekly docetaxel and gemcitabine was conducted to investigate toxicity; to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of each agent; and, in a preliminary fashion, to determine the antitumor activity of the combination.METHODSDocetaxel and gemcitabine were administered intravenously on Days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. The dose levels of docetaxel and gemcitabine were as follows: Level I, docetaxel 20 mg/m2and gemcitabine 400 mg/m2; Level II, docetaxel 30 mg/m2and gemcitabine 400 mg/m2; Level III, docetaxel 30 mg/m2and gemcitabine 600 mg/m2; Level IV, docetaxel 36 mg/m2and gemcitabine 600 mg/m2; and Level V, docetaxel 36 mg/m2and gemcitabine 800 mg/m2.RESULTSThirty‐three eligible patients were entered. The diagnoses were as follows: Eleven patients had nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, 3 patients had carcinoma of the bladder, 3 patients had renal carcinoma, 2 patients had adrenal carcinoma, 5 patients had unknown primary tumors, and 9 patients had miscellaneous malignancies. Fifty‐nine percent of patients had received prior chemotherapy. The median age was 62 years (range, 27–77 years), and the median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1 (range, 0–1). Five patients were treated at Dose Levels I and II, 6 patients were treated at Dose Levels III and V, and 11 patients were treated at Dose Level IV. Grade 3–4 toxicities during Cycle I included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, and diarrhea. Dose‐limiting toxicity, consisting of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, occurred in three of six patients at Dose Level V. The combination of docetaxel 36 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 600 mg/m2 (Dose Level IV) was determined as the MTD and was the recommended Phase II dose. Two patients had a partial response: one patient with bladder carcinoma (Dose Level II) and one patient with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (Dose Level III).CONCLUSIONSOverall, weekly docetaxel and gemcitabine were well tolerated. Further studies using this combination are planned, including a Phase II trial in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:170–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10991
Phase II study of cladribine and cyclophosphamide in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prolymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Montillo Marco , Tedeschi Alessandra , O'Brien Susan , Raimondo Francesco Di , Lerner Susan , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Morra Enrica , Keating Michael J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne of the mechanisms of action of cladribine is the inhibition of DNA repair of damage caused by radiation, alkylating agents, or other drugs. To determine its antitumor activity in combination with cyclophosphamide, we initiated a Phase II trial of the two agents in patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL).METHODSTwenty‐nine patients with refractory or recurrent CLL or PLL received cladribine 4 mg/m2/day and cyclophosphamide 350 mg/m2/day (both administered intravenously) for 3 days every 4 weeks.RESULTSEleven patients (38%), nine with CLL and two with PLL, had a response. The median duration of response was 12 months. Severe extrahematologic toxicity (National Cancer Institute Grade 3–4) occurred in two patients, consisting of skin rash in one patient and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the other. The most common form of hematologic toxicity was severe neutropenia, which developed after 25% of the 84 courses was administered. Severe thrombocytopenia and anemia developed after 12% and 7% of the courses, respectively, and five episodes of anemia were immunomediated. In addition, three major infections resulted in the death of one patient.CONCLUSIONSAlthough inferior to the combination fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide, this regimen showed interesting activity in patients with advanced CLL or PLL. Myelosuppression was the major dose‐limiting toxic effect. Cancer 2003;97:114–20. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11000
Treatment of large cell lymphoma in elderly patients with a mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and prednisone regimen
Authors: Rigacci Luigi , Carpaneto Andrea , Alterini Renato , Carrai Valentina , Bernardi Franco , Bellesi Giampiero , Longo Giovanni , Bosi Alberto , Rossi Ferrini Pierluigi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) require intensive and extensive therapy, which seems impracticable in elderly patients due to hematologic and extrahematologic toxicity. Consequent dose reduction and therapy attenuation can reduce treatment‐related toxicity but also decreases therapeutic efficacy. Thus, age represents a fundamental prognostic factor that has a profound influence on both therapeutic decisions and patient outcome.METHODSBetween January, 1990 and June, 1997, 145 patients age > 64 years (median age, 72.3 years) with a diagnosis of aggressive NHL were treated on a chemotherapy regimen that consisted of mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and prednisone.RESULTSNinety‐one patients (63%) achieved complete remission, and 48 patients (33%) achieved partial remission, for an overall response rate of 96%. Six patients (4%) were resistant to therapy. The overall survival rate, with a median follow‐up of 66 months, was 44%, and the failure free survival rate was 42%. The disease free survival rate was 63.5%, with a median follow‐up of 60 months. Multivariate survival analysis showed that the achievement of complete remission was the single most important prognostic factor, which was associated significantly with longer survival (P < 0.0001). Toxicity was moderate, with 5 deaths (3%) due to complications related to therapy.CONCLUSIONSThe current results confirm that a protocol devised specifically for elderly patients may reduce toxicity and allow longer overall survival in this particular subset of patients. Cancer 2003;97:97–104. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11032