bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Object Detection Algorithms for Sonar Images based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhu Hanhao , Song Weihua , Wang Jiahui , Chai Zhigang , Hong Shaohua 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Deep learning object detection algorithm is widely used in the field of
image classification and has become an indispensable part. With the improvement of image classification accuracy, sonar image target detection algorithm based on deep learning has gradually
become the focus of more and more people's research.

Objective:
This article aims to provide a summary and analysis of deep learning-based sonar image object detection algorithms, with the hope of offering insights for future research in the field
of sonar target detection technology.

Method:
This paper systematically summarizes sonar image target detection algorithms based on
deep learning. According to the method principle, the existing deep learning target detection algorithms are divided into four categories: target detection algorithm based on candidate region,
deep target detection method based on regression, Anchor Free deep learning target detection algorithm, and search-based target detection and recognition algorithm. Then, the performance of
algorithms based on COCO data sets is compared, and the standard sonar data sets and formats
are introduced.

Results:
The sonar image object detection algorithm based on deep learning has made significant
progress. The combination of deep learning and object detection methods has been applied to sonar images, resulting in the emergence of excellent performing algorithms. However, most algorithms are still in the developmental stage and face challenges in practical applications. Subsequently, several invention patents have been developed based on the aforementioned algorithms,
including a feature extraction method for side-scan sonar images based on fully convolutional
neural networks, an underwater sonar image target detection method based on improved
YOLOv3-tiny, and more.

Conclusion:
Sonar image object detection technology based on deep learning has a wide range of
application needs but also faces many difficulties and challenges, we still need to continue to
learn and explore in future research, and we believe that we can make greater breakthroughs in
the future.
Microwave-Assisted Solid Phase Synthesis of Different Peptide Bonds:
Recent Advancements
Authors: Mukhia Munna , Pradhan Kiran , Biswas Kinkar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Peptides are important as drugs and biologically active molecules. The synthesis of pep-tides has gathered considerable attention in recent years due to their various attractive properties. Conventional peptide synthesis is tedious and requires hazardous reagents and solvents. Micro-wave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis has several advantages compared with conventional batch synthesis. Herein, we have discussed various microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide bond synthesis methods developed over the last five years. Peptides are categorized into four groups - small, medium, large, and cyclic based on their length and structural characteristics to make it easier to understand. This review article also discusses the scope and limitations of microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Effectiveness of a Game-Based Mobile App for Educating Intensive Critical Care Specialist Nurses in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Pipeline Preflushing: Quasi-Experimental Trial
Authors: Wang Zihan , Gu Ruting , Wang Jingyuan , Gai Yubiao , Lin Hui , Zhang Yan , Li Qianqian , Sun Tong , Wei Lili 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
In the context of training specialist nurses and nursing education, a game-based mobile app was used as a simulation to teach intensive critical care specialist nurses the knowledge and skills of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) pipeline preflushing.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a game-based mobile app on improving ECMO pipeline preflushing skills in intensive critical care specialist nurses.

Methods
A total of 86 intensive critical care specialist nurses who were learning ECMO for the first time were included in this study. The nurses were divided into 2 groups: a control group (n=43) and an experimental group (n=43). Participants in the experimental group used a game-based mobile app for simulation exercises; the control group received no additional intervention. All participants took a theoretical test and a skill operation test at the beginning of the study and 1 week later. The differences in scores between the 2 groups were compared, and the learning curve of the experimental group was observed.

Results
The final theoretical test scores (88.44 and 85.02) and skill operation test scores (89.42 and 86.33) of the experimental group and control group, respectively, were significantly higher than those of the initial tests (theoretical test scores: 75.88 and 74.42; skill operation test scores: 75.44 and 75.93; all P<.001). The scores of the final theoretical test (88.44) and the final skill operation test (89.42) in the experimental group were higher than the scores of the control group (85.02; P<.001 and 86.33; P<.001, respectively). Learning curve analysis showed that the experimental group needed an average of 17 operations to master the skill.

Conclusions
This study suggests that a game-based mobile app may be more effective for intensive critical care specialist nurses in ECMO pipeline preflushing education than traditional Chinese lecture-practice education.
Views on the Functionality and Use of the PeerConnect App Among Public Safety Personnel: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Foley Gillian , Ricciardelli Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Background
Research supports that public safety personnel (PSP) are regularly exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events and occupational stress, which can compromise their well-being. To help address PSP well-being and mental health, peer support is increasingly being adopted (and developed) in PSP organizations. Peer support apps have been developed to connect the peer and peer supporter anonymously and confidentially, but little is known about their effectiveness, utility, and uptake.

Objective
We designed this study to evaluate the functionality and use of the PeerConnect app, which is a vehicle for receiving and administering peer support. The app connects peers but also provides information (eg, mental health screening tools, newsfeed) to users; thus, we wanted to understand why PSP adopted or did not adopt the app and the app’s perceived utility. Our intention was to determine if the app served the purpose of connectivity for PSP organizations implementing peer support.

Methods
A sample of PSP (N=23) participated in an interview about why they used or did not use the app. We first surveyed participants across PSP organizations in Ontario, Canada, and at the end of the survey invited participants to participate in a follow-up interview. Of the 23 PSP interviewed, 16 were PeerConnect users and 7 were nonusers. After transcribing all audio recordings of the interviews, we used an emergent theme approach to analyze themes within and across responses.

Results
PSP largely viewed PeerConnect positively, with the Connect feature being most popular (this feature facilitated peer support), followed by the Newsfeed and Resources. App users appreciated the convenience of the app and felt the app helped reduce the stigma around peer support use and pressure on peer supporters while raising awareness of wellness. PSP who did not use the app attributed their nonuse to disinterest or uncertainty about the need for a peer support app and the web-based nature of the app. To increase app adoption, participants recommended increased communication and promotion of the app by the services and continued efforts to combat mental health stigma.

Conclusions
We provide contextual information about a peer support app’s functionality and use. Our findings demonstrate that PSP are open to the use of mental health and peer support apps, but more education is required to reduce mental health stigma. Future research should continue to evaluate peer support apps for PSP to inform their design and ensure they are fulfilling their purpose.
Patient Acceptability of Symptom Screening and Patient Education Using a Chatbot for Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases: Survey Study
Authors: Tan Tze Chin , Roslan Nur Emillia Binte , Li James Weiquan , Zou Xinying , Chen Xiangmei ,   Ratnasari, Santosa Anindita 
Published: November 2023

Background
Chatbots have the potential to enhance health care interaction, satisfaction, and service delivery. However, data regarding their acceptance across diverse patient populations are limited. In-depth studies on the reception of chatbots by patients with chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases are lacking, although such studies are vital for facilitating the effective integration of chatbots in rheumatology care.

Objective
We aim to assess patient perceptions and acceptance of a chatbot designed for autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs).

Methods
We administered a comprehensive survey in an outpatient setting at a top-tier rheumatology referral center. The target cohort included patients who interacted with a chatbot explicitly tailored to facilitate diagnosis and obtain information on AIIRDs. Following the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) framework, the survey was designed to gauge the effectiveness, user acceptability, and implementation of the chatbot.

Results
Between June and October 2022, we received survey responses from 200 patients, with an equal number of 100 initial consultations and 100 follow-up (FU) visits. The mean scores on a 5-point acceptability scale ranged from 4.01 (SD 0.63) to 4.41 (SD 0.54), indicating consistently high ratings across the different aspects of chatbot performance. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that having a FU visit was significantly associated with a greater willingness to reuse the chatbot for symptom determination (P=.01). Further, patients’ comfort with chatbot diagnosis increased significantly after meeting physicians (P<.001). We observed no significant differences in chatbot acceptance according to sex, education level, or diagnosis category.

Conclusions
This study underscores that chatbots tailored to AIIRDs have a favorable reception. The inclination of FU patients to engage with the chatbot signifies the possible influence of past clinical encounters and physician affirmation on its use. Although further exploration is required to refine their integration, the prevalent positive perceptions suggest that chatbots have the potential to strengthen the bridge between patients and health care providers, thus enhancing the delivery of rheumatology care to various cohorts.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF DENGAN SOFTWARE CONSTRUCT 3 PADA MATA PELAJARAN PRAKTIKUM MYOB ACCOUNTING
Authors: Puspita Wike Sandra , Listiadi Agung 
Published: November 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi mempermudah dalam menghasilkan media pembelajaran interaktif yang praktis, menarik dan lebih bervariatif, terlebih untuk membantu pembelajaran yang bersifat praktikum dan prosedural. Untuk itu pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan media pembelajaran interaktif dengan software Construct 3 pada mata pelajaran praktikum MYOB accounting. Tujuan lain untuk menganalisis kelayakan dan respon peserta didik terhadap hasil media yang dikembangkan. Penelitian Research and Development (R&D) ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation, dengan hasil luaran media berformat APK yang dapat diinstal pada smartphone android. Hasil penelitian merujuk pada pengembangan media dinyatakan sangat layak dengan presentase uji materi oleh Guru SMK Negeri 1 Kemlagi dan Dosen Pendidikan Akuntansi Universitas Negeri Surabaya sejumlah 93,75%, sedangkan untuk uji media oleh Dosen Teknologi Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Surabaya sebesar 95%. Adapun respon peserta didik kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Kemlagi terhadap media yang dikembangkan mendapat rata-rata 93,87% dengan kriteria sangat baik untuk digunakan pada mata pelajaran praktikum MYOB accounting.
In vitro propagation of Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl., an endangered medicinal orchid
Authors: Ren Yan , Gao Jin-Rong , Cai Shou-Meng , Yan Hong-Mei , Huang Heng-Yu 
Published: November 2023

In vitro regeneration was studied to protect the rare Chinese medicinal orchid Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. The mixtures of protocorm and seeding and the stem tip were used as explants. The results revealed that the best essential medium for L. nervosa growth was 1/3 MS medium with 25 g · L–1 sucrose, 50 g · L–1 banana puree, 40 g · L–1 mashed potato, and 1.0 g · L–1 AC (MS1); MS1 medium with 0.5 mg · L–1 BA, 0.05 mg · L–1 2,4-D, and 1.5 mg · L–1 NAA was optimal for proliferation. When stem tips were cultured in a proliferation medium, four types of proliferation occurred: basal stem cluster bud (occurring at the basal node), tiller bud (occurring at the root), protocorm-like body (occurring at the plant’s base incision), and high-position bud (occurring on plant stem nodes other than the basal nodes). Four methods produced 10.12 proliferation coefficients. In the MS1 medium with 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA, the plantlets rooted 100%, and the rooted plantlets survived 100% after domestication and transplantation.
Attack with Empty Goal (7 vs 6) in Team Handball - Analysis of Men’s EHF Euro 2022
Authors: Sousa Duarte , Cardoso Américo , Noite João , Rodrigues Ana , Lopes Helder , Fernando Catarina , Prudente João 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Team handball is constantly evolving. Since the beginning of the century some changes has been introduced but no rule has been as controversial and not consensual as the one introduced in 2016 that allows the change of a goalkeeper for a field player (Empty goal) allowing teams to play 7 vs. 6 (Prudente et al., 2022). With this study we intend to analyze and characterize the attack with empty goal (7 vs. 6) of the 12 best ranked teams in Men’s EHF Euro 2022. Observational Methodology was used and it was built, validated by experts and subsequently used a mixed ad hoc instrument combining a 12 criteria field format with 77 category category system to observe and register data. Data were gathered from 28 matches involving teams classified in the first twelve places in the 2022 Men’s EHF Euro 2022. These were recorded from TV broadcasts, and the total number of offensive sequences carried out in an organized attack game method 7 vs. 6 with empty goal (n = 121) was analyzed. For data analysis, prospective and retrospective sequential analysis and the technique of polar coordinates was used. The main results show a stronger association between: a) No Goal by Technical Fault and succeeded direct goal attempt; b) Direct Goal Attempt and Goal. Results also show that best ranked teams used less 7 vs. 6 attack system. According to the main results, teams that used 7 vs. 6 and lost the ball by technical fault had a stronger association with a direct goal attempt by the opponent team. That is positively associated with goal. This leads to a practical recommendation that teams that want to use 7 vs. 6 should practice this special option in order to achieve more efficiency, reducing the number of technical faults and consequently the opponents goal to goal attempts.
Pre-Incubation of Probiotics Before Intake: A Reasonable Recommendation?
Authors: Bernatek Małgorzata , Piątek Jacek , Wojtyła-Blicharska Katarzyna , Sommermeyer Henning 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Protecting the bacteria contained in probiotics against the effects of low pH is one of the key issues for the development and production of such products. In earlier research we demonstrated that the inactivation of bacteria in probiotics by low pH can be prevented by an effective enteric coating formulation of the product.

Objective
The present study aimed to evaluate whether the producer’s recommended pre-incubation step for its probiotic product A prior to intake is having an effect on the survival rate of the product’s bacteria in low pH solutions.

Method
For the investigated product A (and an enteric coated reference product B) amounts of colony forming units (CFU) before and after pre-incubations for 0, 1 and 30 min followed by exposure to 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37°C for 90 min were determined. The loss of living bacteria was calculated using the CFU1/CFU0-ratio, with CFU1 and CFU0 being the amount of CFU at the end and at the beginning of the experiment, respectively.

Results
The exposure of the product A to a low pH (1.2) resulted in a strong reduction of the amount of CFU (about -99.9%). Pre-incubation of product A neither for one nor for 30 min had a significant effect on the strong loss of viability of the probiotic bacteria contained in product A when compared to the loss without the pre-incubation process. In contrast, exposing the enteric coated product B to low pH resulted only in a minor loss (about -7%) of living bacteria.

Conclusions
The pre-incubation before intake recommended by the producer of product A is not having a significant influence on a major reduction of CFU caused by the exposure to low pH. However, the observed considerable loss of CFU in a solution that mimics the condition in the human stomach triggers doubts about product A. We strongly suggest basing probiotic product related statements on scientific data.
Improved Surface Temperature Identification Method for Remote Observations of Sample Return Capsules
Authors: Birch Byrenn , Buttsworth David , Zander Fabian 
Published: November 2023

A new method for the identification of the peak temperature of the heat shield based on remote spectral irradiance measurements is proposed and tested through the analysis of results from the Hayabusa sample return capsule. To identify the peak temperature of the heat shield, a parameterized empirical model for the surface temperature distribution on the geometry is developed, and it is then used to simulate spectra for optimized fitting with a measured spectral radiance. This new peak temperature identification method is shown to be insensitive to the wavelengths resolved, the view of the geometry, and measurement noise. The peak temperature of the Hayabusa capsule geometry at the representative condition considered (3330 K) was resolved to within 20 K for the three instruments investigated, while the effective temperature varied by around 600 K depending on which instrument was used. The error in the peak temperature model is also shown to be an order of magnitude less sensitive to measurement noise than the effective temperature approach. The new peak temperature method facilitates the direct comparison of results from instruments with different bandwidths and/or different view angles of the capsule, which was previously not possible.
The Holy See and its role in the international system A study in the soft power of the religious actor in international relations
Authors: Salum Assistant Prof Dr saad 
Published: November 2023

The study analyzes the role of the Holy See in the international system, by analyzing the soft power of the religious actor in international relations, and the unconventional nature of the diplomacy of the Holy See based on the intertwining of the religious and the political.
The study reviews the most prominent examples of the role of the Holy See in international crises, since the adoption of the policy of external openness to all world powers after the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), and the attempt to reduce historical differences with some countries such as China and the Soviet Union, and move away from Western and American preferences with regard to Russia, and the use of the Holy See’s privileged position in the United Nations to influence a wide range of global issues, His mediation of conflict between a variety of nations reveals impressive possibilities for the use of faith-based diplomacy.
Intellectualibus propositionibus to Gulin and Erdogan toward the Religion and state
Authors: Alwan Assistant lecturer Muntaha Hassaan 
Published: November 2023

The Islamic experience in Turkey has re-emerged strongly after declining for several decades due to exclusionary secularism. This experience blended Islam and modernity, and it was able to achieve successes at all levels, but it quickly split in 2016 after an alliance through which it was able to reach power.
Due to the importance of this experience, this research seeks to present the intellectual proposals of Fethullah Gulen and Recep Tayyip Erdogan because of their resonance and impact on Turkish reality. These proposals were not deeply different because they both focused on the necessity of reforming the individual and the state, and each of them had a different point of view. They also both criticized the strict secularism that the Kemalists believed in as a philosophy for religion and the state. These philosophical proposals did not contribute to the events of the dispute, but rather other controversial issues emerged that contributed to the escalation of the dispute between them.
US Withdrawal from JCPOA and the Turmoil in Iran’s Economy
Authors: USTIASHVILI Samin 
Published: November 2023

Many individuals and companies make their economic decisions based on political developments. This article examines an important political event,namely the withdrawal of the United States from JCPOA and its impact on the Iranian capital market. With the withdrawal of the United States fromthe JCPOA and the United States’ threats to resume sanctions, Iran’s economy had experienced turmoil and drastic changes, which clearly saw in thedays before and after the resumption of sanctions in Iran’s financial markets. In this study, we intend to examine the changes resulted from the USwithdrawal from JCPOA, its impact on Iran’s oil-dependent economy, financial markets, analyze the spread, and severity of turbulence in the Iranianeconomy, especially the Iranian financial markets using multivariate GARCH methods. In this regard, the multivariate GARCH model (DCC) andanalysis of variance are used to investigate these events’ effect on the Tehran Stock Exchange index.
Keywords: ARCH, Economic Dependence, Economic Sanctions, Intensity of Turbulence in Iran’s Economy, Linear combinations of univariateGARCH models, Multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity, Nonlinear combinations of univariate GARCH models, USWithdrawal from JCPOA, Multivariate GARCH