bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivation of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp in chicken manure to increase biomass and lipids as an introduction to biodiesel production
Authors: Ayuzar Eva , Mahdaliana Mahdaliana , Khaidir Khaidir , Fitria Ade , Erlangga Erlangga 
Published: October 2023

Microalgae is one of the natural resources that has the potential to make biodiesel because it contains a fairly high amount of oil. The content of fat (lipid) and fatty acid (fatty acid) in microalgae is a source of energy and is used as raw material for biodiesel. In lipids there are elements of saturated fatty acids that play a role in the process of making biodiesel. The addition of growth nutrients into microalgae culture media is considered the most influential aspect on the quantity of biomass produced by microalgae cultivation. This study aims to determine the effect of chicken manure on the growth rate of Nannochloropsis sp. and to get the best treatment the lipid content of Nannochloropsis sp. of dry weight. The method used in this study was to use a non-factorial Complete RandomIzed Design (RAL) with 3 repeat treatments. The treatments in this study were A: 0 mg/L, B: 250 mg/L, C: 300 mg/L, D: 350 mgL. The results showed that the effect of giving chicken manure with different doses had a very real effect on the density of Nannochloropsis sp, and population peaks. Treatment B with a dose of 250 mg/L of showed the best results with an average density value of 4713 x 104 cells/ml and a population peak of 9415 x 104 cells/ml and the highest lipid levels found in treatment B, which is 12.73. Water quality during the study was conditioned standard. Temperature 26 - 27 oC, pH 7.1 - 7.7, DO 5.2 - 6.3 and salinity 31 - 34 ppt. Based on the results of the study found that lipid results are high, so it is possible to try biodiesel testing.Keywords: Biodesel; Biomass; Lipid; Microalgae; Nannochloropsis sp
Variation of nitrate concentration and light level on growth rate of diatom Chaetoceros muelleri
Authors: Rahayu Siti Mira , Damar Ario , Krisanti Majariana 
Published: October 2023

Microalgae are cultured as natural feed for the cultivation of mollusks, crustaceans (early larval stages), and zooplankton. Diatoms are phytoplankton groups commonly used as feed, one of which is Chaetoceros muelleri. This study aims to identify the optimal nitrate concentrations and light level (irradiance) for the growth rate of C. muelleri. Culture was placed in nitrate 1,330; 5,305; and 27,030 mg/L (N1, N2, N3, respectively); and light 50, 100, and 150 µmol/m2/s, with three replications for each treatment. The response variable observed was the growth rate of C. muelleri and nitrate uptake. Each nitrate treatment resulted in a significant difference in the growth rate of C. muelleri (LSD, p < 0.01). The N3 treatment produced the highest growth rate (average 0,188-0,193 cells/day), while N1 produced the lowest specific growth rate (average 0,149-0,157 /day). In light treatment, a significant difference was only seen in the light levelof 150 µmol/m2/s (LSD, p < 0.05) which produced the highest growth rate (average 0.157-0.193 cells/day), especially in the nitrate N1 and N2. Meanwhile based on the significance test, the interaction between nitrate and light treatment was not significant.Keywords: Chaetoceros muelleri; Growth rate; Irradiance; Nitrate
Comparison of the reproductive performance of Simbal and Bali cattle in East Lombok Regency
Authors: Ashari Mohammad , Wirapribadi Lalu , Suhardiani Rr. Agustien , Poerwoto Happy , Andriani Rina , Hidjaz Tahyah 
Published: October 2023

The study was conducted in a cattle breeding area between Bali and Simbal cattle in East Lombok Regency with the aim of determining the comparison of reproductive performance levels of Simbal and Bali cattle in smallholder breeding businesses. The variables observed included: an estrus postpartum, first artificial insemination after giving birth, service period, opening days open, and services per conception. Determination of the location was carried out by purposive sampling based on the population of cattle that are cared for. A sampling of cattle was done randomly with as many as 60 heads (30 heads of Bali cattle and 30 Simbal cattle). To determine the difference in reproductive efficiency between Bali and Simbal cattle, data analysis was carried out using a t-test. The results showed that the reproductive efficiency as measured by postpartum estrus, days open, service per conception, and calving interval was higher (P<0.05) in Simbal compared to Bali cattle, with an average value respectively 38.13 Â± 5.4 days, 96.83 Â± 8.15 days, 1.58 Â± 0.58 times, and 323 Â± 05 days for Bali cattle, while for Simbal the results were 83.34 Â± 20.54 days, 163.04 Â±16,34 days 2.50 Â± 0.8 times, and 508 Â± 43 days. Bali cows are very effective at producing calves every year, so their performance is more efficient than Simbal which has 185 days longer calving interval.
Keywords: Bali Cattle, Simbal Cattle, Reproductive Efficiency.
Productivity and Feed of Laying Hens by Efficient Use of Concentrates
Authors: Purnamasari Dwi Kusuma , Syamsuhaidi Syamsuhaidi , Sumiati Sumiati , Alfian Gempa Maulana Aji 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to obtain the right and efficient concentrate formula to produce maximum productivity of laying hens. The research method was action research at the location of layer farms by comparing the feed formula applied by farmers with the feed formula prepared as needed. The study used 21-week-old laying hens of the Lohman Brown breed with a total of 75 layers. The experimental design used was a one-way Randomized Complete Block Design with three different types of feed formulations, namely P1 (33.3% maize + 16.7% rice bran + 50% layer concentrate), P2 (36% maize + 26% rice bran + 38 % layer concentrate) and P3 (42% maize + 24.5% rice bran + 33.5% layer concentrate). The parameters observed were feed consumption, egg production per day, egg weight, FCR, and feed cost. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that by reducing the concentrate level in the feed by 16% from what is usually applied by farmers, egg production, egg weight, and FCR were not significantly different (p>0.05), but the feed costs incurred were lower ranging from Rp. 68.02-84.12 per head per day. The conclusion of this study is that by optimizing the use of concentrates and feed prepared according to needs results in the same productivity but more efficient than the breeder's feed formula.
Keywords: Feed Consumption, Egg Production, Egg Weight, FCR, Feed Cost.
The Effect of Egg Yolk Level in Skim Milk Diluent to The Motility and Fertility of Pelung Rooster Spermatozoa
Authors: Lestari Sri , Saleh Dadang Mulyadi , Mugiyono Sigit 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the addition of egg yolk level in skim milk diluent on the motility and fertility of Pelung rooster spermatozoa. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments. The treatments were P0: (skim milk + 0 % egg yolk)., P1: ( skim milk + 5% egg yolk)., P2 : ( skim milk + 10% egg yolk)., P3 : ( skim milk + 15% egg yolk). Analysis of variance results showed that the addition of egg yolk in skim milk had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the motility of Pelung rooster spermatozoa. The percentage of motility produced by P0, P1, P2, and P3 treatments is above 70% so it is still suitable for IB. The best treatment was P3 (skim milk + 15% egg yolk) on the motility of spermatozoa forming linear lines with the equation y = 0.61x + 76.74 and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.70. While Analysis of variance results showed that the level of egg yolk in skim milk diluent had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the spermatozoa fertility forming a quadratic line with the equation y=0.35x2 -0.64x + 6.10 and the coefficient of determination (R2=0.62). Fertility will be better without adding egg yolk. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the addition of egg yolk level in skim milk diluent increases the motility, but not the fertility of Pelung rooster spermatozoa.
Keywords: Pelung Rooster, Skim Milk, Egg Yolk, Motility, Fertility
Factors That Influence Consumer Satisfaction in Shopping Tourism at the Jakarta Traditional Clothing Market
Authors: Oktavia Reno Catelya Dira , Gantina Devita , Aditya Michael Khrisna , Pramudito Pramudito , Nasution Deivy Zulyanti 
Published: October 2023

The research aims to determine the influence of product quality, price, product variety, and online sales on consumer satisfaction on shopping trips at the Jakarta Traditional Clothing Market. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with multiple regression analysis methods. There are three research locations: Tanah Abang Market, Majestic Market, and Cipulir Market. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires with a Likert scale of 1 to 5; the sampling technique was purposive sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 150 people. Partial research results show that product quality, price, product variety, and online sales significantly affect consumer satisfaction. Good product quality can increase consumer satisfaction through appropriate design, materials, durability, and appearance, creating trust. Price plays a vital role in consumer satisfaction. Many consumers with a limited budget tend to feel satisfied with affordable prices because they get good value to influence the perception of product value. Product variety increases consumer satisfaction by providing more choices according to preferences and meeting various consumer style preferences. Online sales significantly impact consumer satisfaction, providing ease of shopping remotely, access to a wide selection of products, price comparisons, and easily customizable searches.
Keywords: Product Quality, Price, Product Variety, Online Sales, Consumer Satisfaction
Male Entitlement Bagian Stereotipe Gender (Analisis Semiotika)
Authors: Zahra Nabila Afanin  
Published: October 2023

Gender stereotypes give men a higher position over women. This encourages the behavior of men to feel they have more rights than women and even women, resulting in the discourse of male entitlement. This study aims to analyze the discourse of male entitlement being part of gender stereotypes in one of Gita Savitri Devi's YouTube content. The research method used in this study is Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis in the form of denotations, connotations, and myths in analyzing signs and symbols with a qualitative approach. The results of this study found that male entitlement is part of gender stereotypes. The labeling concept of gender stereotypes results in men having a sense of more rights than women and even women. Men are encouraged to show their strength and power to prove and maintain their position as dominant and superior figures. By finding the main concept of male entitlement in the content, it can be drawn that the discourse of male entitlement is part of gender stereotypes constructed by a patriarchal society. Gender stereotypes create disparities between men and women. This often results in excessive and arbitrary behavior by men against women and even acts of violence.
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Exploring Local Political Opportunity Structures: Protest and Social Control in Russia’s Provinces
Authors: Evans Allison D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Why does the scale and intensity of protest vary so widely across Russian cities? This article answers this question by disaggregating political opportunity structures to consider the interaction between formal and informal political factors through a paired comparison of two similar Russian cities during the turbulent 1990s. Drawing on archival documents, interviews, and an analysis of local media, I argue that the observed variation depends on elite strategies for social control and local governmental institutions. Specifically, when a city’s institutions and political elite strategy match, either with undemocratic institutions and a closed political elite strategy, or with democratic institutions and an open political elite strategy, protests are likely to be small and insignificant. In contrast, when the institutional architecture and political elite strategies mismatch, protests are more likely to be large and intense because there is an opening for protest, but not institutionalized paths for participation.
Why U.S. – Russia Relations Failed: An Analysis of Competing National Security Narratives
Authors: Sokolshchik Lev , Sokolshchik Yulia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The following article addresses the question of why, despite a handful of certain overlapping interests, the U.S and Russia ultimately failed to reach a compromise during their negotiations at the start of the Ukrainian crisis. We aim to reveal the effects of competing national security narratives from both the United States and Russia, and its role in the deterioration of these relations. Though the current crisis in U.S. – Russia relations has been sometime in the making, it became particularly evident in the context of Russia’s “special military operation” in Ukraine. Based on paradigmatic narrative interpretations, a qualitative text analysis, and a comparative analysis, we examine the two main aspects of the counties’ competing narratives: “national security storytelling” and state “threat perception”. We argue that due to their antagonistic identities, competing worldviews, and equally posing threat perceptions, these narratives have damaged the possibility to overcome contradictions between the United States and Russia. In the long term, these competing narratives may create the preconditions for a systemic confrontation between the countries in world politics.
Concorde's Tyres
Authors: Rollason Will 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article explores the Concorde crash of 25 July 2000, seeking to show how law and regulation do crucial ontological work in the maintenance of commercial flight, and likely other aspects of modern techno-social arrangements. I argue that law and regulation cannot be seen as an exteriority, constraining and shaping the production of technology, but should be viewed as a component in the production of a physico-legal reality that a machine embodies. The Concorde disaster, by this logic, happened when that reality proved to be inadequate. It sparked a physical redesign of the aircraft, but also an intertwined effort to repair it normatively. Commercial flight is thus a total phenomenon comprising physical and social laws. This, I suggest, is the ontological significance of law and regulation in the production and maintenance of airliners.
The expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 by immunohistochemistry in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Hussein Areej A. , Ibrahim Basim M. , Kashman Basim M. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Human colorectal carcinogenesis is a complex, multistep and multigenetic process. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 are key enzyme in degradation of extracellular material, are over expressed in several epithelia like colorectal adenocarcinoma.Objectives: This study was designed to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 in patients with colorectal carcinoma and their correlation with age, gender, tumor grade and presence or absence of muscle invasion.Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2 and COX-2 was determined in 40 tissue samples from colorectal patients, from teaching laboratories in Baghdad medical city. In addition twelve apparently normal colorectal autopsies were used as a control group.Results: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was detected in 30 of 40 colorectal cancer cases (75%) while cyclooxygenase-2 was detected in 31 0f 40 colorectal cancer cases (77.5%). All normal colorectal specimens showed negative results. The incidence of both of them was higher for grade II than those in earlier grade.Conclusion: Cancer cells to have a more aggressive behavior may show an up regulation of tumor cell derived matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2.
Disain & Simulasi Rangkaian Pentriger SCR Untuk Penyearah Terkendali Setengah Gelombang Tiga Fasa
Authors: Effendi  , Agil Haikal M. 
Published: October 2023

One of the sub-subjects that studied in the power electronics course is the AC to DC converter in the form of a three-phase half-wave controlled rectifier where the output voltage can be controlled by adjusting the SCR gate trigger delay angle, in this research the author design and simulates an SCR triggering circuit for three-phase half-wave controlled rectifier where the components that used among others a three-phase step down transformer where the output functions as a reference signal to determine the starting point (30o) and end point (150o) of the triggering delay angle, also used as a power source for the system, the Op-Amp functions as a comparator for a three-phase rectifier (Vd) with a DC voltage (Vreference), it also functions to compare a triangle wave with a DC voltage to control the delay angle or trigger angle (α) of the SCR. The trigger pulses that given to the SCR1, SCR2, and SCR3 are carried out simultaneously in the same time by using one pulse, the average output voltage resulting from the SCR trigger circuit design in this research is relatively the same as the value obtained using mathematically calculations where the load used in form of resistive
PROTOTYPE TELEDISPLAY BERBASIS SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS) SINGKAT BERCATUDAYA LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA
Authors: Sudradjat Iwa , Nixon Benny , Supriyanto Toto 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to apply the Short Message Service (SMS) technology and solar power for a teledisplay. This system is useful to display some of the information specified in those places as appropriate wirelessly. Teledisplay is capable of displaying information on a Light Emmisi Diode (LED) matrix display with a length of information that can be displayed as 8 characters. Methods of delivery of information using SMS-Global System Mobile (GSM) with supplied by solar power. In this way the system can be placed anywhere because it does not depend on resources Statics Electrical.
The device comes with adjustment system which allows you to adjust the intensity of the light intensity generated by the LED display will be adjusted so that the flame with environmental light conditions. The system is controlled by the two processors, the first processor set acceptance of information sent from the mobile phone and displays the information to display. The second processor is used to control the intensity level of Solar Cell and display.
System built capable of displaying information transmitted via GSM cell phone with the power supply is obtained from a 30 watt solar cell and battery with a capacity of 45 ampere hours. Such systems are able to operate for three days while the weather was overcast.

Keywords: Prototype, Teledisplay, Short Message Service (SMS), Solar cell.

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan teknologi SMS dan listrik tenaga surya untuk sebuah teledisplay. Sistem ini berguna untuk menampilkan beberapa informasi ditempat-tempat tertentu sesuai keperluannya secara nirkabel. Teledisplay yang dimaksud berkemampuan menampilkan informasi pada display LED matrik dengan panjang informasi yang dapat ditampilkan sebanyak 8 karakter.
Metode penyampaian informasinya menggunakan sistem SMS-GSM dan kebutuhan dayanya dicatu dengan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya. Dengan cara seperti ini sistem dapat ditempatkan dimana saja karena tidak tergantung dengan jarak atau sumber daya PLN. Perangkat ini dilengkapi dengan sistem penyesuai intensitas yang berguna untuk mengatur intensitas cahaya yang dibangkitkan oleh LED sehingga nyala display akan disesuaikan dengan kondisi cahaya lingkungannya. Sistem ini diatur oleh dua prosesor. Prosesor pertama mengatur penerimaan informasi yang dikirim dari handphone dan menampilkan informasi tersebut ke display. Prosesor kedua digunakan untuk mengontrol PLTS dan tingkat intensitas display.
Sistem yang dibangun mampu menampilkan informasi yang dikirimkan melalui HP-GSM dengan catu daya diperoleh dari solar cell sebesar 30 watt dan baterai berkapasitas 45 amper jam. Sistem seperti ini mampu beroperasi selama 3 hari walaupun cuaca mendung.

Kata Kunci: Prototype, Teledisplay, Short Message Service (SMS), Solar cell.
PEMODELAN PENYEMPITAN CELAH PITA ENERGI SEBAGAI FUNGSI KONSENTRASI DOPING PADA HBT SIGE
Authors: Julian Engelin Shintadewi 
Published: October 2023

Smaller bandgap material in the base of SiGe HBT is obtained by using high doping concentration and Germanium addition into the base of silicon bipolar transistor. In this work, a simple natural logarithm model bandgap narrowing due heavy doping in the base of SiGe HBT is proposed. The model is developed using least square method for the data collected by Hueting. This simple formulation is very useful to derive an analytical model of SiGe HBT. To test the validity of our model, we compare our model with other models used by Hueting and Sze as well as experimental data that have already been published. The result shows that our model of bandgap narrowing is in good agreement with the experimental data.

Keywords: Modeling, bandgap energy, doping concentration, HBT SiGe.

ABSTRAK
Basis HBT SiGe dibuat dari campuran bahan Silikon dan Germanium yang mempunyai celah pita energi lebih sempit dari celah pita energi bahan Silikon. Penyempitan celah pita energi ini selain terjadi karena penambahan bahan Germanium, juga terjadi karena penggunaan konsentrasi doping yang tinggi pada basis. Pada makalah ini dibahas pengembangan model penyempitan celah pita energi yang disebabkan oleh konsentrasi doping pada basis HBT SiGe dengan menggunakan metode kuadrat terkecil. Model dibuat dalam bentuk logaritma natural sederhana sehingga memudahkan dalam perhitungan kinerja HBT SiGe yang berbentuk pangkat eksponensial penyempitan celah pita energi. Model yang dibuat dibandingkan dengan model-model lain yang digunakan oleh Hueting dan Sze. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa model penyempitan bandgap yang dibuat dapat merepresentasikan data eksperimen lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model lainnya.

Kata kunci: Pemodelan, Celah Pita Energi, Konsentrasi Doping, HBT SiGe