bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Aggregate Output in Pakistan: Robust Evidence from the RALS Cointegration Test
Authors: Khalid Waqar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Pakistan’s energy consumption has significantly increased over the past three decades due to industrialization, population growth, and development activities. Pakistan has initiated short-term energy-oriented plans by establishing thermal power projects to meet the growing energy demands. However, these projects are more costly in terms of financial outlays and environmental harms than hydropower projects. Consequently, Pakistan is vulnerable to global oil price fluctuations and environmental damage. To address this dilemma, this empirical research examines the impact of non-energy factors (labour and capital) and energy-specific factors (renewable and non-renewable) on Pakistan’s aggregate output by considering annual data from 1980 to 2021. The analysis employs the newly established Residual Augmented Least Square (RALS) cointegration test and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology to estimate the long-term cointegrating connection among the variables. The empirical findings demonstrate that non-energy and energy-specific factors positively and significantly impact Pakistan’s long-term aggregate output, except for petroleum consumption (insignificant). The study suggests a diversified energy-supply mix explicitly characterized by hydroelectricity, non-hydroelectric renewables (mainly solar and wind), and natural gas. Furthermore, the study suggests encouraging private sector participation in renewable energy initiatives and implementing effective carbon tax policies to mitigate CO2emissions and improve economic growth.
The predictive value of plasma sodium and other laboratory parameters in determining complicating appendicitis in children
Authors: Zvizdic Zlatan , Jonuzi Asmir , Glamoclija Una , Vranic Semir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Finding a reliable preoperative predictor of complicated acute appendicitis (AA) has been a challenging diagnostic problem. The present study aimed to identify potential factors that may predict complicated AA in the pediatric emergency department (ED) based on routine, widely available laboratory tests on admission to the ED, including plasma sodium concentration.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data of pediatric patients with AA who underwent emergency surgery at our department between January 2020 and December 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: histopathologically proven complicated (n = 80), and non-complicated AA (n = 155).
Results
Complicated AA was associated with reduced plasma sodium and chloride concentrations (p < 0.001, both), decreased values of lymphocytes (p = 0.002), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001), elevated values of white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils (p = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). In binomial logistic regression, increased CRP, WBC, and decreased sodium levels were predictors of complicated AA. The area under the ROC curve was 0.825 (95% CI 0.764, 0.886).
Conclusion
We identified mild hyponatremia and elevated CRP and WBC values as potential markers for distinguishing complicated from uncomplicated pediatric AA with implications for treatment approach, either surgical in complicated or conservative in uncomplicated disease.
Metabolic modelling of microalgae for wastewater treatment
Authors: Pessi B. Assis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Wastewater treatment using microalgae presents a promising approach for sustainable and efficient removal of pollutants. However, the complexity of metabolic networks involved in microalgae metabolism poses challenges for computational analysis. This chapter explores network reduction methods, specifically focusing on the application of the DRUM (dynamic reduction of unbalanced metabolism) framework, to streamline the modelling of microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems. This chapter describes the general core metabolism of microalgae, reviews methods of metabolic network reduction, and ends it with the application of a case study. The DRUM framework divides the complete metabolic network into subnetworks where the quasi-steady-state assumption (QSSA) holds, reducing the number of state variables and simplifying the kinetic modelling. By calculating the elementary flux modes (EFMs) for each subnetwork, macroscopic reactions are derived, representing the collective behaviour of internal reactions within the subnetworks. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the DRUM framework, a case study based on Chlorella sp. microalgae is presented. The study focuses on treating volatile fatty acid waste, a common byproduct of dark fermentation. The reduced metabolic model, obtained using the DRUM framework, accurately captures the dynamics of microalgae growth and medium concentration. This chapter underscores the significance of network reduction methods in optimizing microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems. These reduction methods pave the way for further advancements in the development and optimization of microalgae-based wastewater treatment technologies.
Production of biopolymers from microalgae and cyanobacteria
Authors: Sakarika M. , Sventzouri E. , Pispas K. , Ali S. S. , Kornaros M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Over the past few decades, plastic-derived pollution has been recognized as a major environmental issue because the use of conventional plastics results in vast amounts of waste as well as in fossil-fuel depletion. Biodegradable and biobased polymers are a promising alternative to conventional plastics. In this context, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bioplastics with similar mechanical and thermal properties to petroleum-based plastics which can be used in a wide range of applications. Several studies have reported the accumulation of PHAs in the biomass of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Under optimal conditions for PHA accumulation, that is, nutrient limitation, and optimal light intensity, PHA content can significantly increase, achieving 85% of dry biomass weight. Downstream recovery of PHAs is also a critical step that affects the properties and the yield of PHAs. Bioplastic production from microalgae and cyanobacteria on a commercial scale is still limited due to its high cost, with the cultivation medium accounting for up to 50% of the total production cost. The use of wastewater as a growth medium can improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of PHA production from microalgae and cyanobacteria and contribute to a more circular economy.
Current Insight into Novel Delivery Approaches of Resveratrol for Improving
Therapeutic Efficacy and Bioavailability with its Clinical Updates
Authors: Harwansh Ranjit K. , Yadav Paras , Deshmukh Rohitas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin, and belongs to the stilbene family. RSV has several
therapeutic activities such as cardioprotective, anticancer, and antioxidant. Apart from its therapeutic benefits,
its pharmacological uses are limited due to low solubility, poor bioavailability, and short biological halflife.
A researcher continuously focuses on overcoming the limitations of RSV through nanotechnology platforms
to get the optimum health benefits. In this context, nanocarriers are pioneering to overcome these drawbacks.
Nanocarriers possess high drug loading capacity, thermal stability, low production cost, longer shelflife,
etc. Fortunately, scientists were proficient in delivering resveratrol-based nanocarriers in the present scenario.
Nanocarriers can deliver drugs to the target sites without compromising the bioavailability. Thus, this review
highlights how the latest nanocarrier systems overcome the shortcomings of RSV, which will be good
for improving therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability. Moreover, recent updates on resveratrol-based novel
formulations and their clinical trials have been addressed to manage several health-related problems.
Modulation of Caco-2 Colon Cancer Cell Viability and CYP2W1 Gene Expression by
Hesperidin-treated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) Cell-free Supernatants
Authors: Akkulak Merve , Evin Emre , Durukan Ozlem , Celebioglu Hasan Ufuk , Adali Orhan 
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective:
Ensuring colon homeostasis is of significant influence on colon cancer
and delicate balance is maintained by a healthy human gut microbiota. Probiotics can modulate the diversity of
the gut microbiome and prevent colon cancer. Metabolites/byproducts generated by microbial metabolism significantly
impact the healthy colonic environment. Hesperidin is a polyphenolic plant compound well known for its
anticancer properties. However, low bioavailability of hesperidin after digestion impedes its effectiveness.
CYP2W1 is a newly discovered oncofetal gene with an unknown function. CYP2W1 gene expression peaks
during embryonic development and is suddenly silenced immediately after birth. Only in the case of some types
of cancer, particularly colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas, this gene is reactivated and its expression is
correlated with the severity of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hesperidin-treated Lacticaseibacillus
rhamnosus GG (LGG) cell-free supernatants on CaCo2 colon cancer cell viability and CYP2W1
gene expression.

Methods:
Alamar Blue cell viability assay was used to investigate the cytotoxic effect of cell-free supernatant of
LGG grown in the presence of hesperidin on CaCo2 cells. To observe the effect of cell-free supernatants of LGG
on the expression of CYP2W1 gene, qRT-PCR was performed.

Results:
Five times diluted hesperidin treated cell-free supernatant (CFS) concentration considerably reduced
CaCo2 colon cancer cell viability. Furthermore, CYP2W1 gene expression was similarly reduced following CFS
treatments and nearly silenced under probiotic bacteria CFS treatment.

Conclusion:
The CYP2W1 gene expression was strongly reduced by cell-free supernatants derived from LGG
culture, with or without hesperidin. This suggests that the suppression may be due to bacterial byproducts rather
than hesperidin. Therefore, the CYP2W1 gene in the case of deregulation of these metabolites may cause
CYP2W1-related colon cancer cell proliferation.
Modeling and Analysis of Cancer Electrothermic Therapy Technique based on a Digital Arm
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Man , Kuang Jiangming , Qin Yuping , Zhang Shuang 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) is a diffuse growth hemangioma located
in the striated muscle, which is often overlooked due to its rarity.

Objective:
This patent pertains to the integration of electroacupuncture with electrothermotherapy.
By introducing electrical signals into the electroacupuncture system, electromagnetic heat is produced.
This heat leads to the electrolysis and thermal destruction of tumor cells, enabling targeted
and precise cancer treatment. Furthermore, the patent offers a theoretical foundation for exploring
the distribution of electrical signals and the associated heat in arm muscles, ensuring accurate
treatment.

Material and Method:
To enable subsequent experimental validation, this patent integrates human
anatomy and histological structure theory. The arm's geometric structure was derived from
segmentation, reconstruction, and substantiation based on a digital human image dataset. Using
the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 software, a semi-detailed finite element model was developed for
the numerical simulation of electrothermotherapy. Within a time domain setting, a carrier signal
of 1 MHz and 22 V was introduced to assess the distribution of electrical signals and the associated
heat in the arm muscle.

Results:
Electrical signals, electromagnetic heat, and tissue necrosis primarily concentrate in a
spherical region within 10 mm of the exposed electroacupuncture tip, with the maximum coupling
temperature reaching 250 °C at the tip. Time domain analysis revealed that the coupling temperature
can rise within 1 min, sufficiently to cause complete tissue damage, with the tissue necrosis
ratio reaching 100% in the same timeframe. While the coupling temperature continues to rise over
time, the increment is modest. After 5 min, there is negligible temperature change, and once the
tissue necrosis ratio reaches 100%, it remains consistent.

Conclusion:
In the precision tumor treatment system utilizing electrothermotherapy, factors, such
as the magnitude of the injected electrical signal, placement of the electroacupuncture tip, and
treatment duration play a crucial role in the treatment's accuracy. This model delves into the
treatment of intramuscular hemangiomas using electroacupuncture electrothermotherapy from two
perspectives: spatial and temporal domains. It provides a theoretical foundation for precise electrothermotherapy
in cancer treatment.
Preparation, Characterization, and Release Profile Study of Vincristine
Sulfate-loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles
Authors: Fawaz Walaa , Hasian Jameela , Alghoraibi Ibrahim 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Vincristine sulfate is commonly used to treat different types of cancers. However,
its effectiveness is hindered by undesirable side effects, which significantly limit its applications
in medicine.

Objective:
This study aims to prepare vincristine nanoparticles, in order to develop a promising approach
for cancer therapy.

Methods:
Vincristine nanoparticles were prepared by utilizing polycaprolactone as a carrier through
the double emulsion method. The morphological characteristics and particle size of the vincristine nanoparticles
were examined. The surface charge and average dynamic size, encapsulation efficiency in
addition to release profile study were also evaluated.

Results:
Dynamic Light Scattering confirmed the small size of nanoparticles (~200 nm). SEM showed
spherical-shaped nanoparticles with smooth surfaces, and the polydispersity index values of the prepared
nanoparticles were below 0.5 in all preparations. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles was
found to be negative, which can be attributed to the presence of carboxylic groups in the PCL polymer,
The encapsulation efficiency of Vincristine-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) varied from 36% to 57% for all
the prepared NPs with varying amounts of PCL. The release profile demonstrated a prolonged release
of Vincristine from the nanoparticles compared to the Vincristine solution.

Conclusion:
The double emulsion solvent evaporation method was used successfully to prepare vincristine-
loaded PCL nanoparticles, which suggests that nanoscale carriers hold promise as effective
vehicles for delivering chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer.
Infusion of Magnetic Nanocatalyst to Microwave Propped Synthesis of
Bioactive Azaheterocycles
Authors: Hadole Pranali , Shingda Sampat , Mondal Aniruddha , Lal Kundan , Chaudhary Ratiram G. , Mondal Sudip 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Microwave-assisted synthesis is a powerful tool in organic chemistry, providing a rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles. The application of micro-waves significantly reduces reaction times and increases percentage yields with high purity of the final product. To make the synthetic protocol greener, the application of the magnetic nanocata-lyst is a rapidly growing area of interest nowadays. Magnetic nanocatalyst, with its unique fea-tures like magnetic separable facile recovery from the reaction media heterogeneously, makes the overall synthetic strategy cleaner, faster, and cost-effective. Aiming this, in the present review, we will focus on the infusion of Magnetic nanocatalyst to microwave-assisted synthesis of vari-ous classes of azaheterocyclic compounds, including pyridines, pyrimidines, quinolines, and ben-zimidazoles. The synthetic methodologies involved in the preparation of these heterocycles are highlighted, along with their biological activities. Furthermore, in this review, the most recent and advanced strategies to incorporate nanocatalysts in the microwave-assisted synthesis of nat-ural products containing azaheterocyclic moieties in drug discovery programs are elucidated in detail, along with the incoming future scope and challenges.
Medical Students’ Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Perceived Barriers Towards Medical Research: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mosa Ahmed A. , Mahmood Ali Jotiar , Farooq Kani F. , Haji Jodi R. , Jacksi Dana , Mohamed-Saqid Daliya K. , Mnasakan Talar R. 
Published: December 2023

Background. Medical research and innovation are essential for the growth of medical education and healthcare system. Medical students should be taught in a research-informed environment, which allows them to make better clinical decisions and enhances their scientific output.
Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medical students’ knowledge, attitude, practice, and perceived barriers towards undergraduate medical research in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.
Methods. This cross-sectional study, which was carried out between October 2022 and April 2023, included medical students from seven medical colleges in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The survey comprised 19 questions, categorized into five sections, and delivered to students using the Google form platform.
Results. A total of 363 medical students from seven medical colleges in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq were enrolled in this study. The sex ratio was about equal. The mean age was 20.6 (± 1.7 SD) years. Study participants demonstrated a low level of knowledge of research fundamentals, with an average correct response rate of 37.7%, as only 8.8% of participants answered all questions correctly. Three-fifths (61.5%) of participants believed research should be integrated into the curriculum, while about one-third (27%) of our study participants viewed research as an additional burden. Nearly one-third (34%) of students had participated in a research project before.
Conclusions. In our study, we found that students in clinical stages aged 21 or older and those with prior research experience showed significantly higher knowledge levels. Research participation was associated with a more favorable attitude. The vast majority of our students expressed a keen interest in participating in research projects. Students identified lack of time and deficient research skills as the most prominent barriers hindering their active participation in research.
Pengaruh Pemberian Konsentrasi Cuka Kayu dan Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza Arbuskula terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai Edamame (Glycine max L.Merrill).
Authors: Rohanis Yuliyati  , Ida Bagus Komang Mahardika  , Anak Agung Sagung Putri Risa Andriani  
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian konsentrasi cuka kayu dan pupuk hayati mikoriza arbuskula terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai Edamame (Glycine max L. Merrill.). Serta untuk mengetahui interaksi pemberian kombinasi dari cuka kayu dan pupuk hayati mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai Edamame (Glycine max L. Merrill.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas pertanian Universitas Warmadewa Jalan Terompong No.24, Sumerta Kelod Kecamatan Denpasar Timur, Kota Denpasar pada bulan Mei sampai bulan Agustus 2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor yang disusun secara faktorial. Faktor pertama pemberian cuka kayu (C) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu C0 = Kontrol (konsentrasi cuka kayu 0 % ), C1 = konsentrasi cuka kayu 2 % , C2 = konsentrasi cuka kayu 4 %, C3 = konsentrasi cuka kayu 6 % Sedangkan faktor kedua menggunakan pupuk hayati Mikoriza (M) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan yaitu M0 = Kontrol ( 0 g.polybag-1 ), M1 = 5 g.tanaman-1, M2 = 10 g.tanaman-1, M3 = 15 g.tanaman-1, M4 = 20 g.tanaman-1 diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperlukan 60 polybag. Hasil analisis statistic menunjukan bahwa perlakuan dosis pupuk hayati mikoriza berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap jumlah bunga per tanaman tertinggi didapat pada perlakuan M3 (15 g.tanaman-1) yaitu 46,25 kuntum meningkat sebesar 21,08% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pupuk mikoriza M0 (0 g.tanaman-1) yaitu 36,50 kuntum. Jumlah polong per tanaman tertinggi didapat pada perlakuan M3 (15 g.tanaman-1) yaitu 43,25 buah meningkat sebesar 21,39% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pupuk mikoriza M0 (0 g.tanaman-1) yaitu 34,00 buah.

Kata kunci : kedelai edamame, pupuk hayati mikoriza arbuskula, cuka kayu
KEGIATAN PEREMPUAN BALI DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) UNDA KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Pidada Ida Bagus Astika , Mileh I Nengah , Sukiani Ni Ketut 
Published: December 2023

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) UNDA terletak di Kabupaten Klungkung Provinsi Bali. DAS Unda letaknya 1 Km di sebelah timur dari Kota Amlapura dan 40 Km dari Kota Denpasar. Masyarakat setempat menyebut DAS Unda dengan nama Yeh Unda atau Tukad Unda. DAS Unda memiliki kedalaman 80 cm-1 meter, lebar 77 meter, ketinggian 75 meter dengan panjang sungai 24.400 meter, debit air berkisar 5.422-7.390 liter/detik. Sungai ini hampir tidak pernah kering karena bersumber tujuh buah sungai seperti: (1) Sungai Barak, (2) Sungai Bajing, (3) Sungai Mangening, (4) Sungai Krekuk, (5) Sungai Telagawaja, (6) Sungai Sah, dan (7) Sungai Masin. Batas hulu (DAS) Unda adalah Sungai Telagawaja dan batas hilir berakhir di Banjar Karangdadi dan Banjar Pesurungan, Desa Kusamba, Kecamatan Dawan, langsung bermuara ke laut yakni ke Selat Badung. Sebelum meletusnya Gunung Agung tanggal 18 Februari 1963 kegiatan perempuan Bali di DAS Unda adalah bidang pertanian. Namun setelah Gunung Agung Meletus, kegiatan perempuan Bali berubah ke galian c, membuka warung, berternak, berjualan sajen, bunga, dupa, korek api untuk keperluan upacara agama, menanam pisang, pepaya, dan nangka. Kegiatan rutin yang masih bertahan di DAS Unda sampai saat ini seperti: mandi, mencuci, dan kegiatan agama. Ini menandakan banyak kesempatan kepada perempuan Bali untuk melakukan berbagai macam kegiatan usaha di sungai ini.
Kata kunci: DAS Unda; kegiatan; perempuan Bali
The Effect of Chicken Manure and Triple Super Phospat Fertilizer on The Growth of Purple Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata) on Andisol
Authors: I Wayan Drana Nugraha  , Made Suarta  , I Gusti Made Arjana  
Published: December 2023

Cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea) belong to the Brassicaceae family, is a vegetable that is widely cultivated by farmers in rural Indonesia. In an effort to increase the productivity of purple cabbage it is necessary to carry out soil management. Andisol is one type of soil that is relatively fertile but has a high level of P absorption so it is necessary to add Chicken Manure and TSP Fertilizer. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of treatment and response from the combination of treatment on the application of chicken manure and TSP fertilizer on the growth and production of purple cabbage plants. The research design used was a group randomized design (RAK) with 2 factors arranged factorially. The first factor is chicken manure fertilizer which consists of 3 levels, namely: K1 = chicken manure fertilizer 10 tons / ha (50 grams / polybag), K2 = chicken manure fertilizer 20 tons / ha ( 100 grams / polybag) and, K3 = chicken manure fertilizer 30 tons / ha ( 150 grams / polybag). The second factor of TSP fertilizer consists of 3 levels, namely: T1 = TSP 200 kg / ha ( 1 gram / polybag), T2 = TSP 300 kg / ha ( 1.5 grams / polybag) and, T3 = TSP 400 kg / ha ( 2 grams / polybag). Treatment of Chicken Manure (K), TSP fertilizer, and Interaction (KxT) had no real effect (P ≥0.05) on the variables of maximum plant height, maxmium leaf count, root length, flower crop diameter and wet weight of crop per plant.