bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial and Autophagic Dysregulation Are Modifiable in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Mikhail Andrew I. , Ng Sean Y. , Xhuti Donald , Lesinski Magda A. , Chhor Jennifer , Deguise Marc‐Olivier , De Repentigny Yves , Nederveen Joshua P. , Kothary Rashmi , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Ljubicic Vladimir 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a health‐ and life‐limiting neuromuscular disorder. Although varying degrees of mitochondrial abnormalities have been documented in SMA skeletal muscle, the influence of disease progression on pathways that govern organelle turnover and dynamics are poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate skeletal muscle mitochondria during SMA disease progression and determine the effects of therapeutic modalities on organelle biology.MethodsSmn2B/+ and Smn2B/− severe SMA‐like mice were used to investigate mitochondrial turnover and dynamics signalling. Muscles were analysed at postnatal day 9 (P9), P13 or P21 to address pre‐symptomatic, early symptomatic and late symptomatic periods of the disorder. Additionally, we utilized an acute dose of exercise and urolithin A (UA) to stimulate organelle remodelling in skeletal muscle of SMA mice in vivo and in SMA patient‐derived myotubes in vitro, respectively.ResultsSmn2B/+ and Smn2B/− mice demonstrated similar levels of muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) proteins throughout disease progression. In contrast, at P21 the mRNA levels of upstream factors important for the transcription of mitochondrial genes encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, including nuclear respiratory factor 2, sirtuin 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A and tumour protein 53, were upregulated (+31%–195%, p < 0.05) in Smn2B/− mice relative to Smn2B/+. Early and late symptomatic skeletal muscle from SMA‐like mice showed greater autophagosome formation as denoted by more phosphorylated autophagy related 16‐like 1 (p‐ATG16L1Ser278) puncta (+60%–80%, p < 0.05), along with a build‐up of molecules indicative of damaged mitochondria such as BCL2 interacting protein 3, Parkin and PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (+100%–195%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a fragmented mitochondrial phenotype at P21 that was concomitant with abnormal splicing of Optic atrophy 1 transcripts (−53%, p < 0.05). A single dose of exercise augmented the expression of citrate synthase (+43%, p < 0.05) and corrected the over‐assembly of autophagosomes (−64%, p < 0.05). In patient muscle cells, UA treatment stimulated autophagic flux, increased the expression of OxPhos proteins (+15%–47%, p < 0.05) and improved maximal oxygen consumption (+84%, p < 0.05).ConclusionsAbnormal skeletal muscle mitochondrial turnover and dynamics are associated with disease progression in Smn2B/− mice despite compensatory elevations in upstream factors important for organelle synthesis and recycling. Exercise and UA enhance mitochondrial health in skeletal muscle, which indicates that lifestyle‐based and pharmacological interventions may be effective countermeasures targeting the organelle for therapeutic remodelling in SMA.
Banana peel fermentation broth as a viable alternative carbon source for biological sulfate reduction in acid mine drainage
Authors: Gao Yu , Li Jiaxing , Li Qintong , Sun Rui , Hua Wenxin , Wang Chengze , Xue Jianliang , Chen Ping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcid mine drainage (AMD) is a major environmental threat in mining areas due to its strong acidity, high concentrations of sulfate, and heavy metals. Utilizing sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) to reduce SO42− and remove heavy metals is a promising and economical AMD treatment. However, AMD lacks sufficient electron donors for sulfate reduction. Banana peel fermentation broth, containing various small‐molecule organic acids, is an effective alternative carbon source for SRB, promoting the use of agricultural waste in environmental remediation. This study aims to investigate the impact of adding banana peel fermentation broth to the bioreactor on pollutant removal performance and analyze its effect on the microbial community structure.RESULTSThe bioreactor utilising banana peel fermentation broth as an electron donor, demonstrated the effective removal of various pollutants, including sulfate (55.7%), Cu2+ (90.74%), Mn2+ (70.77%), Fe2+ (81.28%) and Cd2+ (100.00%), with an average reduction of 74.20% in chemical oxygen demand (COD). Sulfate reduction resulted in an increase in pH from 5.5 to 7.9. Microbial community structure analysis revealed that the primary genera involved in sulfate reduction were Desulfurispora and Desulfovibrio, while Delftia contributes to the immobilization of heavy metals. Additionally, the key genera responsible for fermentation to produce small molecule acids were Leptolinea and Sedimentibacter. In symbiosis with SRB, they play a crucial role in the removal efficiency of metals and sulfate.CONCLUSIONThe overall sulfate and heavy metals removal efficiency was found to be satisfactory after 30 days of continuous reactor operation. There was a notable increase in microbial abundance and community diversity within the reactor. Therefore, banana peel fermentation broth is a promising alternative organic carbon source in acid mine drainage(AMD) treatment. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Stoichiometric constraints for detection of EV‐borne biomarkers in blood
Authors: Zarovni Nataša , Mladenović Danilo , Brambilla Dario , Panico Federica , Chiari Marcella 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStochiometric issues, encompassing both the quantity and heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tumour or other tissues in blood, pose important challenges across various stages of biomarker discovery and detection, affecting the integrity of data, introducing losses and artifacts during blood processing, EV purification and analysis. These challenges shape the diagnostic utility of EVs especially within the framework of established and emerging methodologies. By addressing these challenges, we aim to delineate crucial parameters and requirements for tumour‐specific EV detection, or more precisely, for tumour identification via EV based assays. Our endeavour involves a comprehensive examination of the layers that mask or confound the traceability of EV markers such as nucleic acids and proteins, and focus on ‘low prevalence—low concentration’ scenario. Finally, we evaluate the advantages versus limitations of single‐particle analysers over more conventional bulk assays, suggesting that the combined use of both to capture and interpret the EV signals, in particular the EV surface displayed proteins, may ultimately provide quantitative information on their absolute abundance and distribution.
Directed Graphs Without Rainbow Triangles
Authors: Babiński Sebastian , Grzesik Andrzej , Prorok Magdalena 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOne of the most fundamental results in graph theory is Mantel's theorem which determines the maximum number of edges in a triangle‐free graph of order . Recently, a colorful variant of this problem has been solved. In this variant we consider graphs on a common vertex set, think of each graph as edges in a distinct color, and want to determine the smallest number of edges in each color which guarantees the existence of a rainbow triangle. Here, we solve the analogous problem for directed graphs without rainbow triangles, either directed or transitive, for any number of colors. The constructions and proofs essentially differ for and and the type of the forbidden triangle. Additionally, we also solve the analogous problem in the setting of oriented graphs.
Polynomial Characterizations of Distance‐Biregular Graphs
Authors: Lato Sabrina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFiol, Garriga, and Yebra introduced the notion of pseudo‐distance‐regular vertices, which they used to come up with a new characterization of distance‐regular graphs. Building on that work, Fiol and Garriga developed the spectral excess theorem for distance‐regular graphs. We extend both these characterizations to distance‐biregular graphs and show how these characterizations can be used to study bipartite graphs with distance‐regular halved graphs and graphs with the spectrum of a distance‐biregular graph.
Induction of the Inflammasome by the SARS‐CoV‐2 Accessory Protein ORF9b, Abrogated by Small‐Molecule ORF9b Homodimerization Inhibitors
Authors: Zodda Erika , Pons Mònica , DeMoya‐Valenzuela Natàlia , Calvo‐González Cristina , Benítez‐Rodríguez Cristina , López‐Ayllón Blanca D. , Hibot Achraf , Zuin Alice , Crosas Bernat , Cascante Marta , Montoya María , Pujol María D. , Rubio‐Martínez Jaime , Thomson Timothy M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTViral accessory proteins play critical roles in viral escape from host innate immune responses and in viral inflammatory pathogenesis. Here we show that the SARS‐CoV‐2 accessory protein, ORF9b, but not other SARS‐CoV‐2 accessory proteins (ORF3a, ORF3b, ORF6, ORF7, ORF8, ORF9c, and ORF10), strongly activates inflammasome‐dependent caspase‐1 in A549 lung carcinoma cells and THP‐1 monocyte‐macrophage cells. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP additively enhanced the activation of caspase‐1 by ORF9b, suggesting that ORF9b and LPS follow parallel pathways in the activation of the inflammasome and caspase‐1. Following rational in silico approaches, we have designed small molecules capable of inhibiting the homodimerization of ORF9b, which experimentally inhibited ORF9b‐ORF9b homotypic interactions, caused mitochondrial eviction of ORF9b, inhibited ORF9b‐induced activation of caspase‐1 in A549 and THP‐1 cells, cytokine release in THP‐1 cells, and restored type I interferon (IFN‐I) signaling suppressed by ORF9b in both cell models. These small molecules are first‐in‐class compounds targeting a viral accessory protein critical for viral‐induced exacerbated inflammation and escape from innate immune responses, with the potential of mitigating the severe immunopathogenic damage induced by highly pathogenic coronaviruses and restoring antiviral innate immune responses curtailed by viral infection.
Compound Climate Extremes Under the Future Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study of Chattogram City, Bangladesh
Authors: Pervin Lia , Khan Md. Sabbir Mostafa , Islam Md. Saiful , Jahan Nasreen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWaterlogging during the monsoon and water shortness during the pre‐monsoon are increasingly affecting the socio‐economic condition of Chattogram City. It is suspected that, climate change will lead frequent occurrence of compound climate extremes in future, which may result in greater destructions compared to those caused by individual extremes alone. Hence, it is of particular interest to predict the future climate more precisely. In this study our effort was to improve the understanding the effects of climate change on future compound climate extremes, the trends, variabilities and seasonal patterns. Here, we have evaluated CMIP5 and CMIP6 models from the high resolution bias corrected CORDEX data, and the best performing data sets (CanESM2, CSIRO and GFDL) were selected for the future climate change analysis. Using both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for 2021–2060, and 2061–2099 period, significant upward trends were projected for the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. However, rainfall pattern showed more complex criteria for the future. The current study revealed that the warm and cold spell, as well as the wet and dry spell characteristics will be altered in the future. The joint analysis of future temperature and rainfall anomalies using copulas revealed two folds effects of climate change on the local hydrology. Projected decrease of rainfall while increase of temperature during the pre‐monsoon season will potentially cause water scarcity. On the other hand, increase of extreme rainfall during the monsoon will complicate the waterlogging problems in Chattogram region. In this study, we have identified the time and the extent of combined temperature and rainfall anomalies, that can amplify the adverse impact on the hydro‐climatology of Chattogram City. The insights gained from this study are crucial for effectively addressing and managing the complex future hydroclimatic challenges in this region.
Efficient and Symmetric Temperature Control in Capillary Electrophoresis I: Tying Cooling Capillaries Around Analytical Capillaries
Authors: Kist Tarso B. Ledur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe heat generated by the Joule effect during capillary electrophoresis (CE) runs creates radial temperature gradients in the separation medium. These temperature gradients cause zone dispersion in addition to molecular diffusion. This severely limits the field strengths that can be applied during the runs, especially when solutions with high ionic conductivity are used. This greatly increases run times, especially when high separation efficiencies are sought. In this work, the author proposes tying cooling capillaries (fused silica microtubes) along the external surface of the analytical capillary, allowing the circulation of coolants to efficiently and symmetrically control temperature in CE. The author deduced, step‐by‐step, the three master equations that serve as guidelines to produce a good match and tightly secure cooling capillaries along the outer surface of analytical capillaries. Additionally, an automated capillary tying machine was developed and demonstrated. Sets were produced with: four, five, and six cooling capillaries tied around one analytical capillary. The outer diameters of the capillaries used (one analytical and cooling) and the values of the remaining voids left between the first and last cooling capillary are in good agreement with the predictions of the three master equations deduced in this work. To the author's knowledge, this is the first time that cooling capillaries were tied around analytical capillaries to produce an efficient and symmetric cooling system for CE and toroidal capillary electrophoresis.
Dual‐Template Imprinted Polyaniline Designed by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Gorlo V. D. , Pidenko P. S. , Burmistrova N. A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this work, we investigated the possibility of using response surface methodology to optimize the conditions for the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polyaniline specific to quercetin and horseradish peroxidase simultaneously. The work also discusses the role of horseradish peroxidase during aniline polymerization. As far as we know, a methodology for the synthesis of dual‐template imprinted polyaniline selective to low and high molecular weight compounds simultaneously has not been described previously. The imprinted polyaniline layer was obtained on the surface of a microtitration plate, and response surface methodology was used to predict the optimal synthesis conditions to achieve the highest possible selectivity of polyaniline to quercetin (imprinting factor 2.4). We used the predicted optimal conditions to produce a polyaniline‐modified microtitration plate and successfully used it for solid‐phase extraction of quercetin and horseradish peroxidase with high selectivity (imprinting factors 2.3 and 24.6, respectively) in model solutions. Sorption capacity was 0.7 and 1.2 mg g−1 for quercetin and horseradish peroxidase, respectively. As we can see, the results of response surface methodology prediction were in good agreement with the experimental values of the quercetin imprinting factor.
Inferring microalgae density and net ecosystem production on soft sediments using infrared imaging
Authors: Ives Anthony R. , Adler Emily L. , Book K. Riley , Botsch Jamieson C. , Einarsson Árni , Hart Ian S. , Ives Colin H. , Jin Ian , McCormick Amanda R. , Phillips Joseph S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMeasuring microalgae density in soft‐sediment benthos has challenges for even the most sophisticated methods. If the goal is to assess the photosynthetic potential of epipelon, then microalgae should be sampled only at the surface of the benthos to the depth of light penetration. Furthermore, microalgae density may show spatial and temporal variability that can only be captured by using many point samples and nondestructive sampling. Here, we use simple near‐infrared (NIR) imagery to assess surface density of microalgae in soft underwater sediments and to infer their photosynthetic capacity. In lab studies, NIR imagery gives estimates of epipelon density that are strongly correlated with standard chlorophyll a (Chl a) assays using pigment extraction and fluorometry (  = 0.70), but NIR imagery is better able to separate experimental treatments. In analyses of sediment samples from a lake, NIR imagery gives estimates of epipelon Chl a density that are strongly correlated to net ecosystem production (NEP). Near‐infrared imagery also gives a fine‐grained assessment of the spatial distribution of epipelon that helps to explain the relationship between epipelon density and NEP. Finally, images from an underwater NIR camera over the course of a wind disturbance event give estimates of the relative density of microalgae that is buried and is likely to be, at least temporarily, photosynthetically inactive. These results show that NIR imagery provides an easy and nondestructive method for sampling surface densities of microalgae which is particularly suitable for remote field locations and for educational settings in which students can generate results with cheap and robust equipment.
Convolution Type Operators With Potential: Essential and Infinite Discrete Spectrum
Authors: Borisov Denis , Piatnitski Andrey , Zhizhina Elena 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe goal of this note is to study the spectrum of a self‐adjoint convolution operator in with an integrable kernel that is perturbed by an essentially bounded real‐valued potential tending to zero at infinity. We show that the essential spectrum of such operator is the union of the spectrum of the convolution operator and of the essential range of the potential. Then we provide several sufficient conditions for the existence of a countable sequence of discrete eigenvalues. For operators having nonconnected essential spectrum, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of discrete eigenvalues in the corresponding gaps of the essential spectrum.
Can Baseline Urodynamic Findings Predict the Outcomes and Complications of Intravesical Injections of Onabotulinum Toxin A for Overactive Bladder?
Authors: Aleksejeva Kristina , Scrimgeour Gemma , Axell Richard , Yasmin Habiba , Pakzad Mahreen , Ockrim Jeremy , Greenwell Tamsin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionIntravesical Onabotulinum Toxin A (Botox A) injections are an established minimally invasive therapy option for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in adults. We have assessed whether baseline urodynamic findings can predict self‐reported patient outcomes and posttreatment voiding difficulties.MethodsWe have conducted a retrospective review of 407 patients (median age 61 years, range 22–94 years, 286 women) who have received intravesical Botox A injections for refractory non‐neurogenic OAB symptoms between 2006 and 2018. Patient outcomes were assessed using the 5‐point PGI‐I scale and incidence of posttreatment voiding difficulties was noted. Results were correlated with the baseline urodynamic findings.ResultsGood response to Botox A injections was defined as PGI‐I scores of 1 and 2, and was seen in 272 patients overall (67%). Women were significantly more likely to have successful outcomes comparing to men (p = 0.034) and the voiding detrusor contraction duration (DCD) was a further classifier for treatment success. Acute posttreatment voiding difficulties requiring catheterization were observed in 96 patients (24%) and were significantly more likely in those with good response.ConclusionSuccessful outcomes (based on the self‐reported PGI‐I score) were more likely in women and correlated positively with the increased duration of voiding detrusor contraction, but no other urodynamic parameters. The risk of developing de novo need to catheterize correlated with patient reported benefit, but not with any baseline urodynamic findings. We did not find pre‐existing bladder outflow obstruction, concurrent stress urinary incontinence or complex previous surgical history to adversely affect treatment success.
How Does Government Spending Efficiency Affect Human Development in Africa?
Authors: Akinyele Olawale Daniel , Adegboye Abiodun Adewale , Dada James Temitope 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe performance of any government is evaluated by how well its citizens are doing and how the government makes use of resources available to guarantee that they are sufficient to ensure fundamental capabilities. Meanwhile, achieving a given human development that guarantees a meaningful living is a challenge of time and a threat to most countries, mainly African countries. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between government spending efficiency and African human development. The analysis relies on Keynesianism postulations and adopts second‐generation estimation techniques. Results show that higher efficient government spending increases human development. Furthermore, disaggregating the sample into resource‐rich and non–resource‐rich African countries reveals that the abundance of natural resources has not been managed well enough to improve human development in Africa. The explanation of endowed resources in Africa can be described as the resource curse hypothesis, which affects human development. More specifically, rationalising government resources without jeopardising spending quality is a better enabler for human development in Africa. The study concluded that government spending efficiency spurred human development in Africa.
The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Mother–Baby Links: A Data Resource Profile
Authors: Coton Sonia , Welburn Stephen , Williams Rachael , Campbell Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeMaternal exposures before, during and after pregnancy can affect the infant. It is therefore important that researchers study mothers and their children.The CPRD GOLD Mother–Baby Link (MBL) algorithm was applied to the CPRD Aurum database, to extend the useful tool. Here, we present the algorithm and data resource profiles of the CPRD MBLs.MethodsRecords of female patients registered with a CPRD practice between the 1st January 1987 and the 1st June 2023 were searched for evidence of delivery. Infants born and registered between 1st January 1987 and 1st June 2023 were matched to mothers on practice and household indicators. The resulting MBLs were characterised.ResultsThe CPRD MBL algorithm was applied to the CPRD databases resulting in nearly four‐million mother–baby pairs: 2.4‐million in CPRD Aurum. Mothers in the CPRD GOLD and CPRD Aurum MBL's were similar in terms of age; mean age 29.6 years (SD = 5.7) vs. 30.2 years (SD = 5.7), and length of GP registration; mean = 14.4 years (SD = 10.9) vs. mean = 13.7 (SD = 10.9). The median number of matches was slightly higher in the CPRD GOLD MBL; 2 (IQR = 1, 2) vs. 1 (IQR = 1, 2). The number of matches in both databases peaked in 2008–2011, followed by a steady decline to 2023.ConclusionThe CPRD MBL's offer a valuable tool for researchers to study the mother–infant relationship. Extending the CPRD MBL algorithm to CPRD Aurum has increased the capacity for researchers to investigate rarer exposures and outcomes.