bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Pleural’ and pulmonary carcinosarcomas
Authors: Mayall Frederick G. , Gibbs Allen R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histological distinction between carcinosarcoma and mesothelioma has received little attention. The object of this study was to describe the histology and immunohistochemistry of two carcinosarcomas presenting as pleural tumours. These were compared with 12 carcinosarcomas from sites within the lung, and with the established features of mesothelioma. Histologically and immunohistochemically, these ‘pleural’ carcinosarcomas are similar to conventional pulmonary carcinosarcomas but accurate recognition is hindered by their gross appearance and biphasic histology which closely mimic mesothelioma. They may exhibit features such as neutral mucin, expression of carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous differentiation, and neuroendocrine differentiation which, when present, are evidence against mesothelioma. These tumours are rare and have passed unnoticed until now.
Flow cytometry of oesophageal mucosal biopsies; epidermal growth factor receptor, and CD15
Authors: Hopwood D. , Jankowski J. , Milne G. , Wormsley K. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFlow cytometry may be used to examine the properties of single or isolated cells. We have shown that it is possible to disaggregate and label oesophageal epithelial cells for two surface markers, CD15 and epidermal growth factor receptor. We have previously demonstrated these markers, in oesophageal squamous cells using immunoperoxidase techniques. These labelled disaggregated cells could then be measured by flow cytometry.
Collagen composition and ultrastructure of the so‐called amianthoid fibres in palisaded myofibroblastoma. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Skélové A. , Michal M. , Chlumské A. , Leivo I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA very prominent feature of the recently described intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma is the occurrence of stellate crystalline extracellular deposits known as ‘amianthoid fibres’, and thought to represent abnormally thick collagen fibrils. We showed at the ultrastructural level that these deposits are composed of fibrils with the periodicity and width typical of normal native collagen. Using antibodies directed against various extracellular components, we have determined that these structures contain type I and III collagens Our results indicate that the crystalloid deposits in intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma called ‘amianthoid fibres’ do not contain giant collagen fibrils widely regarded as characteristic of the morphological concept ‘amianthoid’ in other locations.
Induction of emphysema and bronchial mucus cell hyperplasia by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide in the hamster
Authors: Stolk Jan , Rudolphus Arjan , Davies Philip , Osinga Don , Dijkman Joop H. , Agarwal Lilly , Keenan Kevin P. , Fletcher Dan , Kramps Johannes A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether lipopolysaccharide‐induced elastase release from recruited neutrophils in the hamster lung would induce emphysema, measured by mean linear intercept (Lm) and bronchial mucus cell hyperplasia (BMCH), scored in tissue sections stained with periodic acid‐Schiff. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was instilled transorally twice a week for up to 5 weeks in hamsters. At 4 weeks after seven LPS instillations, Lm amounted to 87.6 ± 1.2μm, while it was 68.3 ± 1.5 μm after seven saline instillations (P < 0.01). At 6 months after the sixth LPS instillation, the Lm of these lungs was 83.3 ± 1.6 μm, indicating irreversible tissue destruction. LPS‐treated hamsters showed marked to severe BMCH, which was most evident in large intrapulmonary airways. Instillations of highly selective inhibitor of hamster PMN elastase resulted in 50 per cent inhibition of LPS‐induced emphysema. The development of BMCH was inhibited by approximately 35 per cent by this agent.To study the response in time of cellular infiltration after a single LPS instillation, the lungs of groups of four hamsters were lavaged at different time points. PMN recruitment showed peak values at 4 and 48 h after LPS instillation and returned to baseline values at 96 h. Simultaneous intratracheal instillation of LPS and anti‐TNFα antiserum resulted in a considerable reduction of neutrophil influx into bronchoalveolar spaces in the first 6 h after instillation.
Alteration of stromal protein and integrin expression in breast—a marker of premalignant change?
Authors: Jones J. Louise , Critchley D. R. , Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInteractions between epithelia and the extracellular matrix are important in the medulation of cellular growth, differentiation, and motility. To investigate the possible roles of these interactions in the neoplastic process, this study examines the expression of the integrin subunits α2, α6, β1, and β4 and the stromal protein tenascin in 53 breast carcinomas, non‐involved breast tissue from 21 of these cases, and 32 normal/benign cases. Frozen tissue and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique were used throughout. Linear staining in relation to the basement membrane was seen for all integrins in the normal/benign cases. The carcinomas showed complete loss of reactivity in 65 per cent of cases for α2, 80 per cent for α6 and β4, and 90 per cent for β1. Those showing reactivity displayed a diffuse cytoplasmic type of staining. The non‐involved breast tissue showed linear basement membrane type staining with α2 and βl, but for α6 and β4 66 per cent of cases displayed reactivity identical to that of the corresponding tumour. For tenascin, band‐like staining around ducts was seen in normal/benign cases, with a diffuse coarse reactivity in all carcinomas. Most non‐involved cases stained as for normal breast. The altered α6β4 integrin staining in non‐involved tissue in cancerous breast may be an early event in the neoplastic process, and as such, may be of use as a marker of pre‐malignant change.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Schmid Christine , Sweeney Edel , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious studies of the proliferating cell fraction in Hodgkin's disease (HD) have been directed towards the classical Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells (HRS) to the exclusion of the background population and have not included cases of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (NLPHD). Using an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), we have determined the growth fraction of HRS cells and L&H cells in paraffin sections of 15 cases of classical HD [12 nodular sclerosis (NS), 3 mixed cellularity (MC)] and eight cases of NLPHD. By double staining with anti‐PCNA and antibodies to B cells (CD20) and T cells (CD45RO), we also determined the growth fraction and immunophenotype of the background population in each case. In classical HD, 50·4 per cent of HRS cells were PCNA‐positive and judged to be proliferating, which is comparable to previous studies, while in NLPHD 76·9 per cent of L&H cells were PCNA‐positive. In both classical HD and NLPHD, the majority of PCNA‐positive cells in the background were T cells, which showed a growth fraction of 57·8 and 68·5 per cent, respectively; in comparison, only 4 per cent of B cells were PCNA‐positive in each type of HD. L&H cells are widely accepted to be B cells and there is growing evidence that HRS cells are also B cell‐derived. Our results underline a relationship between classical HD and NLPHD and suggest that the characteristic histological features of both diseases may be caused by the production and release of cytokines from altered B cells.
Mitotic indices, anti‐PCNA immunostaining, and AgNORs in thick cutaneous melanomas displaying paradoxical behaviour
Authors: Evans A. T. , Blessing K. , Orrell J. M. , Grant A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThose melanomas which fail to behave as expected from their Breslow thickness provide interesting material for study. In an attempt to explain differences in behaviour, we have evaluated three distinct proliferative markers in 23 thick melanomas which failed to metastasize and in 20 well‐matched control tumours with documented metastasis. The test group demonstrated significantly greater numbers of mitoses when expressed as an index (mitoses per 1000 cells), whilst no difference was found when the results were expressed in terms of mitoses per unit area. Tumours showing epidermal ulceration possessed higher mitotic indices than those of non‐ulcerated lesions. High fractions of PCNA immunolabelling combined with low mitotic indices were observed frequently in the non‐metastasizing group. This result and its possible relation to survival advantage are discussed in detail. Both AgNOR numbers and patterns failed to act as prognostic variables—indeed, AgNORs failed to correiate with the other proliferative indices, suggesting that their value as a marker of tumour growth is severely limited.
Retinoblastoma and p53 gene expression related to relapse and survival in human breast cancer: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Sawan Ali , Randall Barbara , Angus Brian , Wright Chris , Henry James A. , Ostrowski Julian , Hennessy Colm , Lennard T. W. J. , Corbett Ian , Horne C. H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInactivation of tumour suppressor genes may be an important aetiological factor in many human cancers including breast. In a study of 197 breast cancer patients, tumour tissue was snap‐frozen at the time of surgery and immunohistochemical labelling for p53 protein and retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product carried out using an indirect immunohistochemical technique. Tumours were scored by two independent observers for the intensity of nuclear staining for each antibody. Expression of p53 protein showed a significant association with a shorter time to relapse (P = 0·03) and death (P = 0·02) (log rank test). p53 expression did not correlate with nodal status but showed a significant association with high tumour grade (P = 0·001). Rb gene expression showed no relationship to relapse or survival but loss of expression showed a significant correlation with positive lymph node status. The manner by which these proteins might act to determine tumour behaviour remains to be established.
p53 Immunohistochemistry in malignant fibrous histiocytomas and other mesenchymal tumours
Authors: Soini Ylermi , Vähäkangas Kirsi , Nuorva Kyösti , Kamel Dia , Lane David P. , Pääkkö Paavo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study we analysed by immunohistochemistry the expression of p53 protein in 14 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs), 22 other types of sarcoma (eight leiomyosarcomas, four rhabdomyosarcomas, four liposarcomas, two fibrosarcomas, two chondrosarcomas, one malignant schwannoma, and one dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans), and 25 non‐malignant mesenchymal lesions (eight dermatofibromas, four cases of nodular fasciitis, three leiomyomas, three fibromatoses, two epithelioid leiomyomas, two neurofibromas, one schwannoma, one myositis ossificans, and one giant cell tumour of tendon sheath). Four MFHs and nine other types of sarcoma (four leiomyosarcomas, two chondrosarcomas, one liposarcoma, one fibrosarcoma, and one dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans) showed nuclear positivity for p53. Of the benign soft tissue lesions, p53 positivity was observed in two fibromatoses, one nodular fasciitis, and one dermatofibroma. The number of p53‐positive cells in these benign lesions was considerably smaller than that in most of the p53‐positive sarcomas.The p53 positivity in MFHs and other types of sarcoma indicates that p53 gene alterations may play a part in the neoplastic transformation of these tumours. The occurrence of p53 positivity in benign mesenchymal lesions suggests that sometimes p53 protein may accumulate in cells without an associated malignancy. Because of this, p53 immunoreactivity cannot, by itself, be used as a criterion of malignancy According to our results, p53 positivity in over 1 per cent of tumour cells in mesenchymal lesions favours malignancy.
Inhibin (10.7kD prostatic peptide) in normal, hyperplastic, and malignant human endometria: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Teni Tanuja R. , Sampat Mrudula B. , Sheth Nandini A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of inhibin, a 10.7 kD follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH)‐suppressing prostatic peptide of 94 amino acids, was investigated in normal human endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma, employing the avidin‐biotin immunoperoxidase technique. The antiserum used was raised in rabbits against prostatic inhibin isolated from human seminal plasma. The study included 15 well differentiated, 32 moderately differentiated, and 21 poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas; 26 simple, five complex, and two complex atypical endometrial hyperplasias; and, for comparison, 25 normal proliferative and 30 normal secretory endometria. In malignant and hyperplastic endometrial tissues, inhibin was localized in the epithelial cytoplasm of endometrial glands while the stroma showed weak reactivity. On the other hand, inhibin was undetectable in the early proliferative phase, but was present on the luminal border of the glandular epithelium in the mid‐ and late proliferative phases. Secretory endometrium displayed strong inhibin reactivity in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelium and in the stroma. The increased inhibin reactivity in secretory endometrium as compared with the proliferative phase is indicative of a functional role for inhibin in the uterus. In addition, its localization in proliferative, hyperplastic, and malignant endometria suggests a possible regulatory role for inhibin in endometrial proliferation and growth.
Diagnostic usefulness of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV monoclonal antibody in paraffin‐embedded thyroid follicular tumours
Authors: Kotani T. , Asada Y. , Aratake Y. , Umeki K. , Yamamoto I. , Tokudome R. , Hirai K. , Kuma K. , Konoe K. , Araki Y. , Ohtaki S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies to dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DAP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) were raised and selectively applied to paraffin‐embedded sections of thyroid carcinoma. Five monoclonal antibodies were found to stain paraffin sections of thyroid carcinomas. Using one of these antibodies (44‐4), we studied retrospectively aberrant expression of DAP IV in thyroid carcinoma to determine whether immunohistochemical staining with DAP IV antibody is useful in pathological diagnosis.In almost all cases of thyroid follicular and papillary carcinoma, tumour cells were positive (99.0 per cent) with DAP IV, whereas the cases of follicular adenoma showed a low incidence (27.1 per cent) of positive staining. Follicular adenoma with incomplete capsular invasion had a higher positive incidence (50 per cent) than follicular adenoma without incomplete capsular invasion (9.6 per cent).In positive staining cases previously diagnosed as benign tumours, 11 benign cases reacting positively with DAP IV were rediagnosed as carcinoma after re‐examinatioan of more thyroid paraffin block sections or serial sections.These findings suggest that DAP IV monoclonal antibody is very useful in distinguishing thyroid follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma.
In situ Hybridization demonstrates the stability of mRNA in post‐mortem rat tissues
Authors: Walker E. , McNicol A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn situ hybridization was used to detect messenger RNA (mRNA) in a variety of rat tissues which were fixed in formalin either immediately after death or after a 24 h period of storage at 5°C. A synthetic polydeoxythymidine [poly d(T)] oligonucleotide probe was used to demonstrate poiyadenylated [poly (A)] mRNA in the small intestine, pancreas, liver, cerebellum, and pituitary. Of these tissues, only the liver showed a small reproducible reduction in hybridization signal following delayed fixation. Synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to albumin and pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNAs were hybridized to liver and pituitary, respectively. There was no significant reduction in hybridization signal in post‐mortem tissues. The results suggest that some mRNAs may be remarkably stable under certain postmortem conditions and this should encourage the wider application of in situ hybridization techniques to post‐mortem material.
Differential expression of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase ii in benign and malignant breast tissue
Authors: Sharp Matthew G. F. , Adams Susan M. , Walker Rosemary A. , Brammar William J. , Varley Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractComparative analysis of expression levels of genes in benign and malignant tumours of the breast has been performed. Differential screening of cDNA libraries identified four genes of the mitochondrial genome as being expressed at different levels in the two tissues compared, but further investigations showed that only the gene encoding subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (COII) is expressed at significantly higher levels in carcinomas compared with fibroadenomas. The mitochondrial genes encoding subunits 2 and 4 of NADH dehydrogenase, and subunit 6 of F0F1 ATPase, were not found to be differentially expressed in carcinomas and fibroadenomas. All four genes were expressed in the epithelium of human breast carcinomas, as shown by in situ hybridization. The expression level of the COII gene is also correlated with carcinoma grade. No gross alterations to the mitochondrial DNA from these tumours could be detected. The possible implications of these results on the behavioural differences between fibroadenomas and carcinomas are discussed.
Immunoreactivity to ubiquitin—protein conjugates is present early in the disease process in the brains of scrapie‐infected mice
Authors: Lowe James , Fergusson Jill , Kenward Nigel , Laszlo Lajos , Landon Michael , Farquhar Christine , Brown John , Hope James , Mayer R. John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBrains from mice infected with either the 87V or the ME7 strains of mouse‐passaged sheep scrapie were taken at stages during the disease process and immunostained to show the localization of ubiquitin‐protein conjugates. In both models, conjugates were seen as fine, dot‐like structures; as coarser, granular lesions within or adjacent to neurones; and in areas surrounding plaques. The dot‐like structures were visible at 28 days post‐ME7 infection and at 55 days in 87V‐infected mice. In both models, the extent of immunoreactive changes increased as the disease progressed and terminal infection was as described earlier by us (Lowe et al., J. Pathot 1990; 162: 61–66). The patterns of development of these features were distinctive in two ways: progression from region to region was observable and the density of the pathological lesions grew exponentially as the clinical symptoms appeared. The earliest pathological dot‐like structures corresponded temporally with the earliest detection of PrPsc by Western blotting, and immunogold electron microscopic investigation of the dot‐like lesions indicated that they were the multi‐vesicular, lysosome‐related, dense bodies that we have described previously in terminal disease (Laszlo et al., J Pathol 1992; 166: 333–341).Until now, ubiquitin–protein conjugates were seen mainly in inclusion bodies associated with the terminal stages of a range of human degenerative diseases. This study establishes that ubiquitin–protein conjugates accumulate in lysosome‐related bodies very early and appear to be intimately related to the pathological processes in the animal disorders that we have studied.
KiSl—A novel monoclonal antibody which recognizes proliferating cells: Evaluation of its relationship to prognosis in mammary carcinoma
Authors: Sampson Steven A. , Kreipe Hans , Gillett Cheryl E. , Smith Paul , Chaudary Murid A. , Khan Ashraf , Wicks Kimberly , Parwaresch R. , Barnes Diana M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunohistochemical staining with a novel monoclonal antibody, KiSl, which recognizes a cell cycle‐associated antigen, was investigated in 142 cases of stage I and II invasive breast carcinoma. KiS 1 staining indices were compared with disease‐free interval, overall survival, and post‐relapse survival. Using a semi‐quantitative method of assessment, we found that tumours with a high level of staining (34/142,24 per cent) had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a low level of staining (108/142, 76 per cent). Significant correlations were found between KiS1 staining and disease‐free interval (P<0·001), overall survival (P<0·001), and post‐relapse survival (P=0·008). A more time‐consuming, quantitative method of assessment gave similar results. Cox multivariate analysis showed these results to be independent of nodal status, histological type, and grade of tumour (P=0·01). We conclude that KiS1 is a valuable new antibody which affords useful prognostic information in breast carcinoma. As it can be used in formalin‐fixed, paraffinembedded material, it may be of particular use in the study of small lesions such as those identified in the Breast Cancer Screening Programme.
Isologous monoclonal antibodies can induce anti‐GBM glomerulonephritis in rats
Authors: Sado Yoshikazu , Kagawa Megumi , Rauf Syarifuddin , Naito Ichiro , Moritoh Chiharu , Okigaki Tohru 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInjection of isologous monoclonal antibodies (SR2, SR3) caused anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibody‐induced glomerulonephritis (anti‐GBM nephritis) in WKY/NCrj rats. The antibodies were obtained from hybridoma cells derived from fusion of the spleen of a nephritic WKY/NCrj ral injected with rat solubilized renal basement membranes with adjuvant, and mouse SP2 myeloma cells. They belonged to the rat IgG2a subclass and bound to rat kidney in a linear pattern along the glomerular and tubular basement membranes. Histological changes in glomeruli were detected at day 1 after the injection; proteinuria with haematuria appeared on day 2; and proteinuria became severe and reached a plateau by day 5. These results demonstrate that anti‐GBM nephritis can even be induced by an isologous monoclonal antibody and that the rat IgG2a subclass is at least nephritogenic. The experimental model of anti‐GBM nephritis with isologous monoclonal antibodies makes it possible and easier to analyse further the mechanism of anti‐GBM nephritis.
Distribution and localization of Epstein–Barr virus subtypes A and B in AIDS‐related lymphomas and lymphatic tissue of HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Borisch B. , Finke J. , Hennig I. , Delacréataz F. , Schneider J. , Heitz Ph. U. , Laissue J. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTissue samples of 421 HIV‐positive patients have been studied for the presence and distribution of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) subtypes A and B. This was done by PCR, EBER in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical detection of EBV latent membrane protein (LMP) in AIDS‐associated malignant lymphomas (16 cases) and lymphatic organs of patients without lymphoma (5 cases). Eleven cases were considered to be EBV‐positive, with type A in four, and type B virus in four other cases. In patients with malignant lymphoma, EBV was localized in tumour tissue exclusively. One patient without lymphoma presented with multiple EBV genome type B‐positive cells in all the lymphoid tissue samples examined. In HIV‐positive patients, both subtypes of EBV, A and B, may play a role in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative lesions.
Aberrant expression of the tumour suppressor gene p53 is very frequent in Wilms' tumours
Authors: Lemoine Nicholas R. , Hughes Christine M. , Cowell John K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of 34 Wilms' tumours have been analysed for abnormal expression of the tumour suppressor gene p53 using frozen section immunohistochemistry. All tumours showed immunoreactivity with at least one of the specific antibodies used (monoclonal antibody PAb240, polyclonal antibodies CM 1 and JG8). Abnormalities of p53 expression are very frequent in this type of childhood tumour.