bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and radiographic performance of delayed‐immediate single‐tooth implant placement associated with peri‐implant bone defects. A 2‐year prospective, controlled, randomized follow‐up report
Authors: Schropp Lars , Kostopoulos Lambros , Wenzel Ann , Isidor Flemming 
Published: April 2005

Abstract:Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the delayed‐immediate (Im) and the delayed (De) protocols for placement of single‐tooth implants.Material and methods: After allocation to the Im and De groups by random, 46 patients were treated with a single‐tooth implant with acid etched surfaces (Osseotite®) in the anterior or pre‐molar region of the maxilla or the mandible on average 10 days (Im) or 3 months (De) following tooth extraction, respectively. Forty‐one patients attended a follow‐up visit 2 years after implant placement corresponding to 1½ years of loading of the implant restorations. Peri‐implant and prosthetic parameters were evaluated clinically and marginal bone levels measured on radiographs.Results: Three implants were lost, all before mounting of the crown. None of the implant restorations had failed after 1½ years of function. Probing pocket depths were reduced by up to 1.4 mm on average from the time of loading to the 2‐year follow‐up and at that time, no significant difference between the Im and De groups was found (4.2 versus 4.1 mm). A statistically significant radiographic marginal bone loss had occurred in the Im group (mean=0.8 mm) as well as in the De group (mean=0.7 mm) in the follow‐up period. However, a mean marginal bone level of approx. 1.5 mm in both groups measured from the implant–abutment junction was found to be acceptable. It was demonstrated that probing pocket depths and marginal bone levels after 1½ years of loading of the implant‐retained crowns were not influenced by the presence of peri‐implant bone defects immediately after implant placement. Furthermore, no severe prosthodontic complications, such as screw loosening or porcelain fractures, arose in this study material.Conclusion: High success rates of single‐tooth implants after 1½ years of function were achieved using the delayed‐immediate and delayed implant placement techniques.
Coronally positioned flap procedures with or without a biodegradable membrane in the treatment of human gingival recession. A 6‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Leknes Knut N. , Amarante Evandro S. , Price Daniel E. , Bøe Olav E. , Skavland Ragnfrid J. , Lie Tryggve 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground: Short‐term data have indicated that treatment of gingival recession type defects by coronally positioned flap procedures with or without biodegradable membranes may result in similar treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to compare 12‐month and 6‐year follow‐up results for these two treatment approaches.Methods: Twenty patients with buccal bilateral Miller Class I or Class II gingival recession defects in cuspids or bicuspids were treated randomly by coronally positioned flap alone (20 sites) or in combination with a biodegradable membrane (20 sites). Clinical measurements at baseline, 6, 12 months and 6 years included apical extent of gingival recession, width of the defect at the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ), width of keratinized tissue, as well as attachment level and probing depth. Eleven patients were available for the 6‐year evaluation.Results: At 12 months (20 sites), both treatments resulted in significant gain of root coverage (p<0.001), stable probing depth, and increased attachment level (p<0.001). The 6‐year evaluation (11 sites) showed a significant gain of root coverage for the non‐membrane group only (p<0.05). No significant between‐group differences were detected for any other treatment variable regardless of smoking status (p>0.05). Compared with baseline, the 6‐year results showed that seven membrane sites gained root coverage, three were unchanged and one lost root coverage. For the 11 non‐membrane sites, eight gained root coverage, and three were unchanged. The five membrane and the 10 non‐membrane sites exhibiting complete root coverage at 6 months were reduced to two and one, respectively, at the 6‐year evaluation.Conclusions: The coronally positioned flap procedure offers a simple and reliable treatment alternative as a root coverage procedure in Class I and Class II recession type defects. Placement of a biodegradable membrane underneath the flap does not seem to improve neither the short‐ nor the long‐term results. Long‐term outcome stability seems to be critically dependent on a continuous follow‐up program with re‐instruction in non‐traumatic brushing habits.
COMPARISON OF DISCRIMINATION ABILITY BETWEEN A PANEL OF BLIND ASSESSORS AND A PANEL OF SIGHTED ASSESSORS
Authors: MUCCI ANDREA , GARITTA LORENA , HOUGH GUILLERMO , SAMPAYO SOLEDAD 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to compare a panel of blind assessors with one of sighted assessors in the discrimination of food products. Each panel had 20 screened and trained assessors. Five commercial food products were used: crackers, liver paste, powdered orange juice mix, Reggiano cheese and yogurt. Slight flavor and/or texture modifications were introduced for adequate discrimination difficulty. Each pair of products was tested by both panels using the triangle test and a scaled difference from control test. Numbers of correct answers for the triangle test were similar for both panels. There were minor differences between the panels in the difference from control test, due to the sighted panel having more training in the use of the scale. Overall the panels of trained blind and sighted assessors were equivalent in their performance.
AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO MINIMIZE DRIFTING AND MONITOR THE PERFORMANCE OF A SENSORY PANEL DURING LONG‐TERM PROJECTS – A CASE STUDY FROM A PROJECT ON HERRING QUALITY
Authors: NIELSEN DURITA , HYLDIG GRETHE , SØRENSEN RIE 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTA quick and easy way to monitor the performance of individual sensory assessors during long‐term fishery projects was presented. By serving the same product as a reference before each session, assessors could easily recapitulate the descriptors and recalibrate their evaluations to the same scale. No drifting was found during an evaluation period of 19 months, and this was a result of the continuous use of the reference. Serving the reference as an unknown sample made it possible to monitor the performance of the panel. Multivariate data analytical techniques allowed for quick calculations, and results were easily interpreted with the visual layout. Assessors differing from the rest of the panel could be quickly identified as well as the descriptors involved in the deviations. Three assessors were found to use different parts of the scale than the main panel, and one assessor evaluated one descriptor differently than the average panel. After correction for level effect, no difference existed between assessors.
THE CONSUMER SENSORY PERCEPTION OF PASSION‐FRUIT JUICE USING FREE‐CHOICE PROFILING
Authors: DELIZA ROSIRES , MacFIE HAL , HEDDERLEY DUNCAN 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT Free‐choice profiling (FCP) was carried out in order to investigate how naive consumers (who had never tried the product before) described and perceived passion‐fruit juice. This method allows participants to use their own attributes to describe and quantify food products and beverages. The study used four different samples of passion‐fruit juice, analyzed by 10 consumers in three replicates. The data were analyzed by using generalized Procrustes analysis. The first and second dimension accounted for 78.7% of the variance. The product consensus configuration revealed that assessors were able to reproduce samples’ description, and also to differentiate samples. Free‐choice profiling is a useful method for describing consumer perception of passion‐fruit juice.
RECOGNIZING MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS IN VALUE BASED MANAGEMENT
Authors: Oxelheim Lars , Wihlborg Clas 
Published: April 2005

Value Based Management (VBM) has become a common tool for evaluating corporate strategies and projects from the perspective of shareholder value maximization, and can be an important input for corporate compensation systems. But traditional VBM frameworks make no systematic effort to distinguish between changes in performance attributable to macroeconomic fluctuations beyond management's control and changes in performance that reflect the intrinsic competitive position of the firm.The authors have developed an approach for “filtering out” the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on cash flows for purposes of performance evaluation. Such fluctuations are captured by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, and aggregate price levels (both domestically and abroad) that are significantly correlated with a particular company's cash flows. The authors also provide a method for distinguishing between expected and unanticipated cash flow effects of macro events and recommend insulating managers' performance only from the changes they cannot anticipate and manage. In applying the framework to Electrolux, a Swedish multinational, the authors show that unanticipated changes in the krona/pound exchange rate and various interest rates contribute significantly to the variability of the firm's cash flows; and with the help of the sensitivity coefficients used to measure such exposures, they calculate measures of “intrinsic” cash flow that are purged of such macro effects.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Inhibits DNA Damage-Triggered Apoptosis by a Nef-Independent Mechanism
Authors: Schindler Michael , Münch Jan , Kirchhoff Frank 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

It is controversial whether the accessory human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein inhibits or enhances apoptosis. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of Nef on programmed cell death with vectors or proviral HIV-1 constructs coexpressing Nef and green fluorescent protein from single bicistronic RNAs. This approach allows us to readily identify transfected or infected cells and to correlate cell death directly with Nef expression levels. We demonstrate that Nef does not significantly affect apoptosis in transfected or HIV-1-infected Jurkat T cells or primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unexpectedly, however, both
nef
+
and
nef
-defective HIV-1 infection blocked apoptosis in cells treated with UV light or etoposide but not cell death induced by CD95 antibody, TRAIL, Ly294002, or serum starvation. Our results show that HIV-1 infection inhibits DNA damage-induced but not death receptor-dependent cell death by a Nef-independent mechanism.
Modulation of the Cell Growth Regulator mTOR by Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded LMP2A
Authors: Moody Cary A. , Scott Rona S. , Amirghahari Nazanin , Nathan Cherie-Ann , Young Lawrence S. , Dawson Chris W. , Sixbey John W. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT
Control of translation initiation is one means by which cells regulate growth and proliferation, with components of the protein-synthesizing machinery having oncogenic potential. Expression of latency protein LMP2A by the human tumor virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt located upstream of an essential mediator of growth signals, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). We show that mTOR is activated by expression of LMP2A in carcinoma cells, leading to wortmannin- and rapamycin-sensitive inhibition of the negative regulator of translation, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and increased c-Myc protein translation. Intervention by this DNA tumor virus in cellular translational controls is likely to be an integral component of EBV tumorigenesis.
The Transcriptional Transactivation Function of HBx Protein Is Important for Its Augmentation Role in Hepatitis B Virus Replication
Authors: Tang Hong , Delgermaa Luvsanjav , Huang Feijun , Oishi Naoki , Liu Li , He Fang , Zhao Liansan , Murakami Seishi 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT
The role and functional domain of hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) in regulating HBV transcription and replication were investigated with a transient transfection system in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 using wild-type or HBx-minus HBV genome constructs and a series of deletion or mutation HBx expression plasmids. We show here that HBx has augmentation effects on HBV transcription and replication as a HBV mutant genome with defective X gene led to decreased levels of 3.5-kb HBV RNA and HBV replication intermediates and that these decreases can be restored by either transient ectopic expression of HBx or a stable HBx expression cell line. The C-terminal two-thirds (amino acids [aa] 51 to 154), which contain the transactivation domain, is required for this function of HBx; the N-terminal one-third (aa 1 to 50) is not required. Using the alanine scanning mutagenesis strategy, we demonstrated that the regions between aa 52 to 65 and 88 to 154 are important for the augmentation function of HBx in HBV replication. By the luciferase reporter gene analysis, we found that the transactivation and coactivation activities of HBx coincide well with its augmentation function in HBV transcription and replication. These results suggest that HBx has an important role in stimulating HBV transcription and replication and that the transcriptional transactivation function of HBx may be critical for its augmentation effect on HBV replication.
SUMOMO: A PROTEIN SURFACE MOTIF MINING MODULE
Authors: SHRESTHA NRIPENDRA L. , KAWAGUCHI YOUHEI , OHKAWA TAKENAO 
Published: April 2005

Protein surface motifs, which can be defined as commonly appearing patterns of shape and physical properties in protein molecular surfaces, can be considered "possible active sites". We have developed a system for mining surface motifs: SUMOMO which consists of two phases: surface motif extraction and surface motif filtering. In the extraction phase, a given set of protein molecular surface data is divided into small surfaces called unit surfaces. After extracting several common unit surfaces as candidate motifs, they are repetitively merged into surface motifs. However, a large amount of surface motifs is extracted in this phase, making it difficult to distinguish whether the extracted motifs are significant to be considered active sites. Since active sites from proteins with a particular function have similar shape and physical properties, proteins can be classified based on similarity among local surfaces. Thus, in the filtering phase, local surfaces extracted from proteins of the same group are considered significant motifs, and the rest are filtered out. The proposed method was applied to discover surface motifs from 15 proteins belonging to four function groups. Motifs corresponding to all 4 known functional sites were recognised.
Streptococcus sanguis-induced platelet activation involves two waves of tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by FcγRIIA and αIIbβ3
Authors: Pampolina Caroline , McNicol Archibald 
Published: April 2005

SummaryThe low-affinity IgG receptor, FcγRIIA, has been implicated in Streptococcus sanguis-induced platelet aggregation. Therefore, it is likely that signal transduction is at least partly mediated by FcγRIIA activation and a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. In this study the signal transduction mechanisms associated with platelet activation in response to the oral bacterium, S. sanguis were characterised. In the presence of IgG, S. sanguis strain 2017–78 caused the tyrosine phosphorylation of FcγRIIA 30s following stimulation, which led to the phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, and PLCγ2. These early events were dependent on Src family kinases but independent of either TxA2 or the engagement of the αIIbβ3 integrin. During the lag phase prior to platelet aggregation, FcγRIIA, Syk, LAT, and PLCγ2 were each dephosphorylated, but were re-phosphorylated as aggregation occurred. Platelet stimulation by 2017–78 also induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of PECAM-1, an ITIM-containing receptor that recruits protein tyrosine phosphatases. PECAM-1 co-precipitated with the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in the lag phase. SHP-1 was also maximally tyrosine phosphorylated during this phase, suggesting a possible role for SHP-1 in the observed dephosphorylation events. As aggregation occurred, SHP-1 was dephosphorylated, while FcγRIIA, Syk, LAT, and PLCγ2 were rephosphorylated in an RGDS-sensitive, and therefore αIIbβ3-dependent, manner. Additionally, TxA2 release, 5-hydro-xytryptamine secretion and phosphatidic acid formation were all blocked by RGDS. Aspirin also abolished these events, but only partially inhibited αIIbβ3-mediated re-phosphorylation. Therefore, S.sanguis-bound IgG cross links FcγRIIA and initiates a signaling pathway that is down-regulated by PECAM-1-bound SHP-1. Subsequent engagement of αIIbβ3 leads to SHP-1 dephosphorylation permiting a second wave of signaling leading to TxA2 release and consequent platelet aggregation.
Epidermal growth factor modulates prostate cancer cell invasiveness regulating urokinase-type plasminogen activator activity
Authors: Angelucci Adriano , Gravina Giovanni , Biordi Leda , Millimaggi Danilo , Muzi Paola , Vicentini Carlo , Bologna Mauro , Festuccia Claudio 
Published: April 2005

SummaryUrokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) are ubiquitous receptors involved in the control of a variety of cellular processes frequently found altered in cancer cells. The EGFR has been recently described to play a transduction role of uPAR stimuli, mediating uPA-induced proliferation in highly malignant cells that overexpress uPAR. We compared the uPA production, the presence of uPAR, AR, EGFR and Her2 with the chemotaxis and the Matrigel invasion in ten human PCa cell lines and observed that: (1) the levels of Her2, but not of EGFR, as well as the uPA secretion, cell motility and Matrigel invasion were statistically higher in AR negative than in AR positive PCa cells; (2) the uPA secretion and uPAR expression were positively related to Matri-gel invasion; (3) the EGF was able to stimulate chemotaxis and Matrigel invasion in a dose-dependent manner; (4) the EGF-induced cell migration was statistically higher in AR negative than in AR positive cells with a similar increase with respect to basal value (about 2.6 fold); (5) the Matrigel invasion was statistically higher in AR negative than in AR positive PCa cells also if the increment of Matrigel invasion after EGF treatment was statis-
tically higher in AR positive respect to AR negative cells; (6) the EGF induced uPA secretion and its membrane uptake through the increment of uPAR; and (7) these effects were blocked by EGFR/Her2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors with IC50 lower than those needed to inhibit cell proliferation and required PI3K/Akt,
MAPK and PI-PLC activities as verified by inhibition experiments. These enzymatic activities were regulated in different manners in PTEN positive and negative cells. In fact, the inhibition of PI3K blocked the EGF-induced invasiveness in PTEN positive cells but not in PTEN negative cells, in which PI3K activity was not influenced by EGFR/Her2 activation, whereas the inhibition of MAPK was able to block the invasive phenomena in both cell types. Taken together, our data suggest that the blockade of EGFR could attenuate the invasive potential of PCa cells. In addition, considering that the EGFR expression is related to higher Gleason grade of PCa and that EGFR levels are increased after anti androgenic therapy, this therapeutic approach could slow down the metastasis formation which represents the most dramatic event of PCa progression.
Effect of oral contraceptives on the anticoagulant activity of protein S in plasma
Authors: Koenen Rory , Thomassen Christella , Tans Guido , Rosing Jan , Hackeng Tilman 
Published: April 2005

SummaryWe determined anticoagulant parameters that depend on protein S function in plasma, i.e.the APC-independent anticoagulant activity of protein S (expressed as pSR) and APC resistance determined with thrombin generation-based tests (expressed as APCsr) as well as plasma levels of total and free protein S and prothrombin in men, women not using oral contraceptives (OC), and in women using second or third generation OC. Thrombin generation in the APC resistance assays was initiated either with factor Xa (Xa-APCsr) or tissue factor (TF-APCsr). The APC-independent anticoagulant activity of protein S was highest in men (pSR=1.69) and gradually decreased from women not using OC (pSR=1.49) via women using second generation (pSR=1.35) to women using third generation OC (pSR=1.27). The pSR correlated inversely with nAPCsr determined with the tissue factor-based APC resistance test (TF-APCsr) but not with nAPCsr determined with the factor Xa-based assay (Xa-APCsr). Multiple linear regression analysis in which sex, OC use, and protein S and prothrombin levels were included as independent variables and the pSR, TF-APCsr or Xa-APCsr as dependent variables indicated that plasma protein S levels poorly predict the pSR and the TF-APCsr, but are the main determinant of the Xa-APCsr. This indicates that OC use alters the expression of protein S activity. This phenomenon can be caused by differences in modulation of the activity of protein S by other plasma proteins that change during OC use or by OC-induced changes in the protein S molecule that impair its anticoagulant activity. Functional impairment of protein S as a result of hormonal influence may, at least in part, contribute to the thrombotic risk of OC users.
Hydration Status in College Football Players during Consecutive Days of Twice-a-Day Preseason Practices
Authors: Godek Sandra Fowkes , Godek Joseph J. , Bartolozzi Arthur R. 
Published: April 2005

Background Football players lose 3.5 to 5 kg of body weight during preseason practices because of heavy sweating. This fluid may be difficult to replace when practices occur 2 times per day on consecutive days. Hypothesis Football players are hypohydrated during twice-a-day preseason training in a hot, humid environment. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study Methods In 10 college football players, body weight was measured, and blood and urine samples were obtained before and after practices on days 2 through 8 of preseason training. Baseline samples were obtained when subjects were euhydrated. Blood samples were used to calculate plasma volume changes. Urine samples were analyzed for specific gravity, sodium, and potassium. Sweat rate was calculated. Core temperature was monitored during half- and full-padded practices. Results Mean wet bulb temperatures were 23.3°C during morning practices and 23.7°C during afternoon practices. Plasma volume was below baseline on day 2 and expanded by day 6. Urine specific gravity was higher than baseline for 12 of 20 measurements over the 8 days. It was 1.0175 ± 0.006 at baseline but subsequently ranged from 1.0214 ± 0.007 to 1.0321 ± 0.004. Mean daily urine sodium dropped from baseline to day 2 (194 ± 43 vs 43 ± 38 mmol × L-1), remaining lower on days 3, 4, and 6 (40 ± 39, 39 ± 39, and 68 ± 40 mmol × L-1, respectively). Urine potassium was lower on days 6 and 8 compared with baseline and day 3. Body weight was below baseline before and after both daily practices. Core temperature was higher in full pads; sweat rate and body weight loss were not different between half and full pads. Conclusion Body weight, plasma volume, urine specific gravity, and urine sodium indicate that football players become dehydrated by day 2 of preseason training. Urine sodium increased to near baseline by day 8; urine specific gravity was elevated. Clinical Relevance Football players struggle to maintain euhydration during preseason twice-a-day sessions.