bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Specific Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis Involving 3 916 276 Individuals
Authors: Rocha Thaís , Melson Eka , Zamora Javier , Fernandez-Felix Borja Manuel , Arlt Wiebke , Thangaratinam Shakila 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context
There is limited knowledge about the disparities between the sexes in obesity prevalence and associated cardiovascular complications in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objective
We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess sex-specific disparities in the prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in LMICs, the burden in women, and variations by region, country's income status, setting, and time.

Methods
We searched major databases from inception to March 2023. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, assessed their quality, and extracted data. We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models to obtain pooled estimates of odds ratios and 95% CI for the association between sex and obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, and multilevel random-effects logistic regression models to estimate the prevalence of relevant outcomes (PROSPERO CRD42019132609).

Results
We included 345 studies (3 916 276 individuals). The odds of obesity were 2.72-fold higher in women than men (OR 2.72; 95% CI, 2.54-2.91). The sex-specific disparities varied by region, with the greatest disparities in Sub-Saharan Africa (OR 3.91; 95% CI, 3.49-4.39). Among women in LMICs, 23% (95% CI, 21%-25%) had obesity, 27% (95% CI, 24%-29%) had hypertension, and 7% (95% CI, 6%-9%) had type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in women varied by region, country's income, and setting, with the highest prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa, upper-middle-income countries and urban settings. The odds of hypertension (OR 2.41; 95% CI, 1.89-3.08) and type 2 diabetes (OR 2.65; 95% CI, 1.76-3.98) were doubled in women with vs without obesity.

Conclusion
There is an urgent need for a women-centred and region-stratified approach to tackle obesity awareness, treatment, and prevention in women in LMICs.
High Frequency of Recessive WFS1 Mutations Among Indian Children With Islet Antibody-negative Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Menon Jayakrishnan C , Singh Pratibha , Archana Archana , Singh Preeti , Mittal Medha , Kanga Uma , Mandal Kausik , Seth Anju , Bhatia Vijayalakshmi , Dabadghao Preeti , Sudhanshu Siddhnath , Garg Atul , Vishwakarma Ruchira , Sarangi Aditya Narayan , Verma Shivendra , Singh Surya Kumar , Bhatia Eesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
While the frequency of islet antibody-negative (idiopathic) type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is reported to be increased in Indian children, its aetiology has not been studied. We investigated the role of monogenic diabetes in the causation of islet antibody-negative T1DM.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study of 169 Indian children (age 1-18 years) with recent-onset T1DM. All were tested for antibodies against GAD65, islet antigen-2, and zinc transporter 8 using validated ELISA. Thirty-four islet antibody-negative children underwent targeted next-generation sequencing for 31 genes implicated in monogenic diabetes using the Illumina platform. All mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Results
Thirty-five (21%) children were negative for all islet antibodies. Twelve patients (7% of entire cohort, 34% of patients with islet antibody-negative T1DM) were detected to have pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. The most frequently affected locus was WFS1, with 9 patients (5% of entire cohort, 26% of islet antibody-negative). These included 7 children with homozygous and 1 patient each with a compound heterozygous and heterozygous mutation. Children with Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS) presented with severe insulin-requiring diabetes (including 3 patients with ketoacidosis), but other syndromic manifestations were not detected. In 3 patients, heterozygous mutations in HNF4A, ABCC8, and PTF1A loci were detected.

Conclusion
Nearly one-quarter of Indian children with islet antibody-negative T1DM had recessive mutations in the WFS1 gene. These patients did not exhibit other features of WS at the time of diagnosis. Testing for monogenic diabetes, especially WS, should be considered in Indian children with antibody-negative T1DM.
Temporal Trends in Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study
Authors: Davis Wendy A , Hamilton Emma , Davis Timothy M E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context
Macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes have improved over recent decades. There are scant equivalent distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) data.

Objective
This work aimed to characterize temporal changes in DSPN prevalence and incidence rates (IRs) in community-based Australians.

Methods
An observational study was conducted among an urban population. Participants included individuals with type 2 diabetes from the Fremantle Diabetes Study phases I (FDS1; n = 1296 recruited 1993-1996) and II (FDS2; n = 1509 recruited 2008-2011). Main outcome measures included Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) clinical grading.

Results
DSPN prevalence by 8-point MNSI was 30.8% (FDS1) and 58.9% (FDS2; P &lt; .001), and by 6-point (excluding foot appearance) and 2-point (biothesiometry alone) MNSI was 37.5% and 35.7% (P = .336), and 33.8% and 38.7% (P = .011), respectively. Given between-phase changes in appearance assessment, 8-point MNSI data were not analyzed further. In multivariable analysis, FDS2 vs FDS1 participation was associated with 6-point (odds ratio (95% CI) 0.68 (0.56-0.83); P &lt; .001) but not 2-point (0.90 (0.74-1.11); P = .326) MNSI DSPN prevalence. Four-year DSPN IRs (95% CI) for 6-point MNSI were 13.6 (12.0-15.4) and 17.6 (15.9-19.4)/100 person-years in FDS1 and FDS2, respectively (IR ratio [IRR] 1.31 [1.12-1.55]; P &lt; .001), and for 2-point MNSI were 13.9 (12.3-15.8) and 7.4 (16.3-8.6/100 person-years; IRR 0.53 [0.43-0.64]; P &lt; .001). FDS2 vs FDS1 independently predicted incident DSPN for 6-point (hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.25 [1.06-1.48]; P = .009) and 2-point (0.42 [0.33-0.55]; P &lt; .001) MNSI.

Conclusion
DSPN prevalence was lower or equivalent in FDS2 vs FDS1, and its incidence was greater or lower, in multivariable models depending on the MNSI features used.
Dorsal raphe stimulation relays a reward signal to the ventral tegmental area via GluN2C NMDA receptors
Authors: Hernandez Giovanni , Kouwenhoven Willemieke M. , Poirier Emmanuelle , Lebied Karim , Lévesque Daniel , Rompré Pierre-Paul 
Published: November 2023

Background
Glutamate relays a reward signal from the dorsal raphe (DR) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, the role of the different subtypes of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is complex and not clearly understood. Therefore, we measured NMDA receptors subunits expression in limbic brain areas. In addition, we studied the effects of VTA down-regulation of GluN2C NMDA receptor on the reward signal that arises from DR electrical stimulation.

Methods
Using qPCR, we identified the relative composition of the different Grin2a-d subunits of the NMDA receptors in several brain areas. Then, we used fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to evaluate the colocalization of Grin2c and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in VTA neurons. To assess the role of GluN2C in brain stimulation reward, we downregulated this receptor using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in rats self-stimulating for electrical pulses delivered to the DR. To delineate further the specific role of GluN2C in relaying the reward signal, we pharmacologically altered the function of VTA NMDA receptors by bilaterally microinjecting the NMDA receptor antagonist PPPA.

Results
We identified GluN2C as the most abundant subunit of the NMDA receptor expressed in the VTA. FISH revealed that about 50% of TH-positive neurons colocalize with Grin2c transcript. siRNA manipulation produced a selective down-regulation of the GluN2C protein subunit and a significant reduction in brain stimulation reward. Interestingly, PPPA enhanced brain stimulation reward, but only in rats that received the nonactive RNA sequence.

Conclusion
The present results suggest that VTA glutamate neurotransmission relays a reward signal initiated by DR stimulation by acting on GluN2C NMDA receptors.
Preparation and performance of silicone-modified 3D printing photosensitive materials
Authors: Chen Jin , Zheng Lu , Zhou Wenwen , Liu Min , Gao Yuyu , Xie Jiaqiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Herein, the performance of silicone-modified 3D printing photosensitive resin was examined. Bisphenol-A epoxy acrylate (EA) was used as the substrate and isophorone diisocyanate, hydroxy-silicone oil, and hydroxyethyl acrylate were used as the raw materials. A silicone intermediate was synthesized to modify the substrate to prepare the 3D printing photosensitive material. The as-synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The tensile fracture morphology was also analyzed. The effects of the addition of silicone intermediates on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and shrinkage of the prepared 3D printing photosensitive resins were investigated. The results showed that an organosilicone group was successfully introduced into the side chain of EA. When the ratio of n(silicone):n(EA) is 0.3:1, the material has a high impact strength of 19.4 kJ·m−2, which is 32.8% higher than that of the pure resin; in addition, the elongation at break is 8.65% (compared to 6.56% of the pure resin). The maximum thermal weight loss temperature is 430.33°C, which is 6°C higher than that of the pure resin.
Trade Boomers: Evidence from the Commodities-for-Manufactures Boom in Brazil
Authors: Karim Ridwan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
China’s growing prominence as a trade superpower has placed competitive pressure on manufacturing industries in Brazil, while simultaneously bolstering demand for its commodities. I investigate the effects of this so-called manufactures-for-commodities boom on Brazilian birth outcomes from 2000 to 2010. Exploiting exogenous variation in patterns of trade growth with China across different regions within Brazil, I find that both import and export growth led to higher birth weights for babies, and lower infant mortality rates. I also find that negative import shocks reduced fertility rates across all age groups for women, suggesting that selectivity in births induced by negative income shocks, combined with concentration of household resources on the children that are born led to better infant health outcomes. Additional evidence is consistent with income effects playing a role in explaining the results, while ruling out better provision of healthcare and changes to household composition as mechanisms. I also explore changes in trade-induced pollution levels and social assistance programs as a potential mechanism. The findings indicate that increased import and export growth can improve infant health, highlighting another potential benefit from trade liberalization.
Traumatic Stress-Induced Increases in Anxiety-like Behavior and Alcohol Self-Administration Are Mediated by Central Amygdala CRF1 Neurons That Project to the Lateral Hypothalamus
Authors: Weera Marcus M. , Webster Daniel A. , Shackett Rosetta S. , Benvenuti Federica , Middleton Jason W. , Gilpin Nicholas W. 
Published: November 2023

Avoidance stress coping, defined as persistent internal and/or external avoidance of stress-related stimuli, is a key feature of anxiety- and stress-related disorders, and contributes to increases in alcohol misuse after stress exposure. Previous work using a rat model of predator odor stress avoidance identified corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling via CRF Type 1 receptors (CRF1) in the CeA, as well as CeA projections to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) as key mediators of conditioned avoidance of stress-paired contexts and/or increased alcohol drinking after stress. Here, we report that CRF1-expressing CeA cells that project to the LH are preferentially activated in male and female rats that show persistent avoidance of predator odor stress-paired contexts (termed Avoider rats), and that chemogenetic inhibition of these cells rescues stress-induced increases in anxiety-like behavior and alcohol self-administration in male and female Avoider rats. Using slice electrophysiology, we found that prior predator odor stress exposure blunts inhibitory synaptic transmission and increases synaptic drive in CRF1 CeA-LH cells. In addition, we found that CRF bath application reduces synaptic drive in CRF1 CeA-LH cells in Non-Avoiders only. Collectively, these data show that CRF1 CeA-LH cells contribute to stress-induced increases in anxiety-like behavior and alcohol self-administration in male and female Avoider rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStress may lead to a variety of behavioral and physiological negative consequences, and better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to negative stress effects may lead to improved prevention and treatment strategies. This study, performed in laboratory rats, shows that animals that exhibit avoidance stress coping go on to develop heightened anxiety-like behavior and alcohol self-administration, and that these behaviors can be rescued by inhibiting the activity of a specific population of neurons in the central amygdala. This study also describes stress-induced physiological changes in these neurons that may contribute to their role in promoting increased anxiety and alcohol self-administration.
Зміни в дитячій смертності в українському повітовому місті впродовж 1807–1910 рр. (за матеріалами метричного обліку населення міста Ромни Полтавської губернії)
Authors: Подгорна Анастасія 
Published: November 2023

У статті розглянуто, як змінилася дитяча смертність упродовж XIX ст. у повітовому місті на прикладі населення міста Ромни. Основним джерелом даних для аналізу є метричні книги роменської Вознесенської церкви. Для дослідження виокремлено два періоди — 20 років на початку століття (1807–1826) та 17 наприкінці XIX — на початку XX ст. (1891–1910, за винятком не згаданих у джерелі 1893–1894 і 1899 рр.). Проаналізовано основні складники демографічної поведінки населення: народжуваність, смертність і природний приріст. Обчислено параметри смертності немовлят і значення коефіцієнта вірогідності доживання до п’ятирічного віку. Вивчено особливості структури смертності дітей на фоні показників, притаманних населенню усіх вікових груп. Докладніше розглянуто структуру смертності дітей в однорічних вікових групах. Отримані дані дають змогу висловити припущення про зміни у причинах смерті дітей, що відбулися упродовж 100 років, а також зміни сезонних коливань дитячої смертності. Зроблено висновки, що, незважаючи на поступ медицини, упродовж XIX ст. дитяча смертність залишалася дуже високою. Утім, ми бачимо істотні зміни в контексті смертності дітей віком від кількох років, що майже удвічі збільшило вірогідність доживання до 5 років. Це, своєю чергою, означає, що найбільш істотні зміни тривалості життя, смертності тощо, у той час були повʼязані з боротьбою з дитячими епідемічними хворобами (насамперед віспою).
Pediatric Hospitalists’ Performance of Recommended Minor Procedures: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Kuchipudi Yamini S. , Rule Amy , Caldwell Alicia , Fenchel Matthew , Bosse Dianna , Schuler Christine L. , Jones Yemisi O. ,   Minor Procedures in Pediatric Hospital Medicine Study Group
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Performance of minor procedures is highly variable among pediatric hospitalists. Our objective was to describe procedural frequency and measure self-assessed competence in recommended minor procedures among practicing hospitalists.

METHODS
An electronic survey was administered across 20 US institutions. An individual survey assessed training, frequency, independence, and success in performing 11 minor procedures. The site survey described practice settings at participating study sites. The primary outcome was respondents’ self-assessed competence (SAC), derived by averaging self-assessed independence and success scores (each on a 5-point Likert scale) across all 11 minor procedures. Associations between predictor variables and SAC were determined through analysis of variance for categorical variables and fitted regression models for continuous variables.

RESULTS
Of the 360 survey respondents, the majority were female (70%), not fellowship trained (78%), and had 10 years or fewer experience as a hospitalist (72%). Lumbar puncture and bag mask ventilation were most frequently performed. Greater procedural frequency and time since graduation from training were associated with higher SAC scores among respondents. Practice characteristics, including comanagement of patients and reserved time for practicing procedures, were associated with higher SAC scores. The presence of a simulation center and fellowship program was not associated with higher SAC scores.

CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric hospitalists that performed procedures more frequently had higher self-assessed procedural competence. Tailored opportunities with increased hands-on experience in performing minor procedures may be important to develop and maintain procedural skills.
Механізми мережевого управління в діяльності органів публічної влади: сутність понять
Authors: Васюк Наталія , Гаєвська Лариса 
Published: November 2023

Мета статті полягає у визначенні понятійно-термінологічного апарату дослідження механізмів мережевого управління в діяльності органів публічної влади.
Актуальність дослідження. Хоч рівень довіри громадян до діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування щороку зростає і становить 59%, однак існує недовіра до органів державної влади – чиновникам (64%), політичним партіям (63%), судам (59%), Верховній Раді України (51%). Стверджується, що нині, в умовах введення воєнного стану в Україні та системної кризи, в діяльності органів публічної влади актуальності набувають питання ефективної комунікації з громадськістю, а також формування та реалізації механізмів мережевого управління.
Результати. Нормативно-правове забезпечення функціонування інституту взаємодії органів публічної влади з громадськістю перебуває у стані постійних трансформаційних змін відповідно до вимог сьогодення. У зв’язку з цим визначено основні нормативно-правові акти, які опосередковано врегульовують питання мережевого управління в діяльності органів публічної влади. Доведено, що потребують уточнення сутність окремих понять і термінів щодо впровадження механізмів мережевого управління в діяльність органів публічної влади. На сьогодні мережеве суспільство розглядається науковцями як процеси формування та реалізації механізмів мережевого управління в діяльності органів публічної влади з метою покращення взаємодії з громадськістю.
Висновки. Уточнено понятійно-термінологічний апарат дослідження механізмів мережевого управління в діяльності органів публічної влади. Поняття «механізм мережевого управління» визначено як комплексний механізм, який об’єднує правове, адміністративне, організаційне, кадрове, фінансове та технічне забезпечення діяльності органів публічної влади щодо мережевої взаємодії з громадянами. При цьому термін «мережева взаємодія в діяльності органів публічної влади» означає таку організаційно-правову форму адміністративно-управлінської діяльності при якій розширюється мобільна взаємодія органів публічної влади з громадськістю, а також підвищується ефективність контролю за прийняттям і реалізацією управлінських рішень. Стверджується, що є необхідність у створенні горизонтальної інфраструктури мережевого управління, зокрема, серед іншого, експертно-консультативно-дорадчих груп при органах публічної влади.
Infancias y psicoanálisis en el Uruguay de 1955 a 1984
Authors: Fernández Caraballo Ana María 
Published: November 2023

Este artículo se propone dar cuenta de las ideas sobre infancia vinculadas al psicoanálisis, más específicamente al psicoanálisis con niños/as, de 1955 a 1984. Se procura desentrañar qué concepciones sobre niño/a e infancia se desprenden del psicoanálisis leído, interpretado y conceptualizado en el Uruguay. Se trata de un estudio de corte histórico-discursivo o una historicidad (Foucault, 1969) que permite analizar documentos (artículos, historiales y relatos clínicos) provenientes de las teorías y prácticas psicoanalíticas. En especial, interesa visualizar rasgos (Ginzburg, 1994) y singularidades uruguayas sobre dichas ideas, sus teorizaciones y sus prácticas subyacentes. Las fechas estudiadas, que abarcan de 1955 a 1984, cubren períodos relacionados con la consolidación de instituciones psicoanalíitcas “oficiales” (tales como la APU, AUDEPP, Escuela Freudiana de Psicoanálisis y la ELP), la entrada del psicoanálisis en la Universidad, y el período correspondiente con la Dictadura cívio-militar, exclusión y formación de grupos de estudio “no oficiales”. En términos generales, desde la década de los años sesenta, se observa, claramente, cómo el psicoanálisis con niños/as, adolescentes y familia, incluye una variedad de propuestas teóricas y prácticas que se conservan hasta el presente, conviven y, en algunas ocasiones, se utilizan en una mezcla de teorías sin discusión epistemológica, así como, en otras, se discuten y rivalizan teorías y prácticas.
The employability strengths American Millennials contribute to the health administration workforce: A workplace readiness study at two California public universities
Authors: Augustin Frankline , Narad Richard , Brendan Moran Brendan Moran , Bahr Kaitlin 
Published: November 2023

This qualitative study examined employability, also referred to as workplace readiness strengths in this article, for American Millennial health administration baccalaureates. The primary researcher used data collected from focus groups and interviews conducted at two certified Association of University Programs in Health Administration (AUPHA) programs in California, USA. Participants (n = 71) belonged to one of 4 distinct groups: (a) health administration faculty, (b) internship preceptors, (c) alumni, and (d) undergraduate students (interns) enrolled in their internship program. Thematic content analysis was used to evaluate the collected qualitative data, after which descriptive statistics was applied to calculate the frequencies of emergent themes. The National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) Career Readiness Competencies, an employer and university validated list of Career Readiness Competencies for a Career-Ready Workforce, was used as a comparative framework for the workplace readiness strengths provided in the qualitative data. Six strength-based themes emerged, two of which comparatively aligned with two of the NACE Career Readiness Competencies. However, respondents indicated that the rest of the NACE Career Competencies were not overtly expressed by Millennials as workplace strengths and should be embedded into the health administration curriculum. This invaluable information can be used to update the AUPHA health administration curriculum and help their undergraduate students increase their employability index scores.