bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative exergy and energy analysis of DI‐CI engine fueled with higher blend of Azadirachta indica biofuel with n‐butanol and NiO as fuel additives
Authors: Srinidhi Campli , Channapattana Shylesha V. , Aithal Kiran , Sarnobath Sandeep , Patil Namdev A. , Patel Sanjaykumar , Karle Anuja , Mohammed Ansam Adil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlternate fuels are in high demand for current engines and such fuels are studied both property‐wise and tested as fuel in the current engines. In current work, diesel engines are studied for higher blend Neem (Azadirachta indica) biodiesel (NB) as fuel, and fuel additives such as n‐butanol and NiO nano additives are chosen. Experimentation was performed on the experimental stationary engine which is coupled to eddy current dynamometer for four test fuels under varying fuel injection timings. Four test fuels were chosen for experimental studies which are Diesel 90% (vol %) + n‐butanol (10%), pure Neem biodiesel, NB 90% (vol %) + n‐butanol (10%), and Neem Biodiesel 90% + 25 ppm of nickel oxide dissolved in solvent. The synthesis of nickel oxide nano additives was done using a homogenous grinding method and XRD, FESEM, and EDS characterization signifies the presence of NiO. The Neem biodiesel was derived from base catalytic process and was studied using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy apparatus for its chemical composition. The experimentation results which were focused were on the energy, exergy derived, and expenditure at varying fuel injection timings. The exergy and energy usage were almost similar in nature and entropy produced during the chemical‐to‐mechanical energy transfer reduced with the advancement in fuel injection timing to 27° bTDC for Diesel 90% + Bt.10%, NB90 + Bt.10% and NB100 + 25 ppm of NiO by 2.2%, 2.9%, and 4.6% respectively. Also, the exergy destruction retarded when with advancement in fuel inlet timing to 27° bTDC by 2.1%, 3%, 6.2%, and 6.8% for the same fuels, respectively.
Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae), new to the Italian alien woody Flora and second record for continental Europe
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Nicolella Gianluca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA woody alien species, Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae), is found in Rome (central Italy) along banks of river Tevere. The discovery represents the first record for Italy and the second one for the continental Europe. Description, distribution in Italy, phenology, and original photographs are provided. Moreover, the name Juglans illinoinensis (basionym of C. illinoinensis) is lectotypified on a Wangenheim's illustration (Table XVIII, Figure XXXXIII).
Development and adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire for adolescents
Authors: McCullen Jennifer R. , Mirabile Scott P. , Wuertz Shelby M. , Scott Brandon G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe ability to effectively regulate one's emotions is important for adolescent mental health. However, extant assessments of how adolescents regulate their emotions can be expanded upon in several ways, including incorporating more strategies (e.g., cultural and spiritual) and positive emotions, and being informed by adolescents and expert consultation during the development process. Thus, our study aimed to improve the construct validity of an emotion regulation measure by adapting and refining the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) into an adolescent self‐report.MethodsWe recruited 24 13–17‐year‐olds (12 males; 11 females; 1 gender fluid) via social media advertisement in the United States in 2020. We used an iterative qualitative approach in which we combined expert consultation, cognitive interviewing with adolescents, and top‐down and bottom‐up coding to review and provide feedback on the ERSQ.ResultsFindings of thematic analysis showed that a need for clarity in wording and inclusion of strategy examples across all sections of the ERSQ was needed. Adolescents also identified the need to replace the Silly/Excited section with a more age‐appropriate positive emotion section.ConclusionFindings indicate cognitive interviewing can be successfully completed in a virtual format when necessary, youth utilize a wider range of strategies to maintain or upregulate positive emotions than what is represented in current measures, and use of qualitative methods may have reduced construct underrepresentation and construct‐irrelevant variance in the adapted ERSQ.
Small molecule activation by sila/germa boryne species
Authors: Karnamkkott Harsha S. , Das Sujit , Mondal Totan , Mondal Kartik Chandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe inability of p‐block elements to participate in π‐backbonding restricts them from activating small molecules like CO, H2, and so forth. However, the development of the main group metallomimetics became a new pathway, where the main‐group elements like boron can bind and activate small molecules like CO and H2. The concept of the frustrated Lewis pair, Boron–Boron multiple bonds, and borylene are previously illustrated. Some of these reported classes of boron species can mimic the jobs of the metal complexes. Hence, we have theoretically studied the binding of CO/N2 molecules at B‐center of elusive species like sila/germa boryne stabilized by donor base ligands (cAAC)BE(Me)(L), where E  Si, L  cAACMe, NHCMe, PMe3, E  Ge, L  cAACMe and (NHCMe)BE(Me)(cAACMe)). The substitutional analogues of (cAACR)BSiR1(cAAC) and E  P, L  cAACMe) have been studied by density functional theory (DFT), natural bond orbital, QTAIM calculations and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (NOCV) analyses. The computed bond dissociation energy and inner stability analyses by the EDA‐NOCV method showed that the CO molecule can bind at the B‐center of the above‐mentioned species due to stronger σ‐donor ability while binding of N2 has been theoretically predicted to be weak. The energy barrier for the CO binding is estimated to be 13–14 kcal/mol by transition state calculation. The change of partial triple bond character to single bond nature of the BSi bond and the bending of CBSi bond angle of sila‐boryne species are the reason for the activation energy. Our study reveals the ability of such species to bind and activate the CO molecule to mimic the transition metal‐containing complexes. We have additionally shown that binding of Fe(CO)4 and Ni(CO)3 is feasible at Si‐center after binding of CO at the B‐center.
Geographic and temporal trends in aetiology, incidence and mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma in European Union 15+ countries
Authors: Hanbury Georgina , Jani Chinmay , Abdallah Nour , Punjwani Shoheera , Al Omari Omar , Singh Harpreet , Jani Ruchi , Shalhoub Joseph , Salciccioli Justin D. , Marshall Dominic C. , Pinato David J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. This study considers the geographical trends in incidence and mortality from HCC.MethodsData were obtained for each EU15+ country from the Global Burden of Disease Study database. Age‐standardised incidence rates (ASIRs), mortality rates (ASMRs) and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted for each year from 1990 to 2019. Data were subdivided into males and females. Mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) were calculated. All Indices were reported per 100 000 population, and trends were described using Joinpoint regression.ResultsASIRs increased in 17/19 countries in females and 18/19 countries in males between 1990 and 2019. ASMRs increased in all countries except Italy (for both sexes) and Sweden (for females). MIR decreased in all countries except Denmark in males (+8.0) and females (+1.2). Ireland saw the greatest decline in MIR among females (−15.0%) and the United Kingdom for males (−16.4%). DALYs increased in all countries except Italy for males and females and Sweden for females.ConclusionsThe incidence of and mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma are increasing in the majority of EU15+ countries. The rise in mortality and fall in MIR may suggest that outcomes from HCC are improving, despite an increased disease burden.
Amelioration of Amyloid‐β Induced Alzheimer's Disease by Bacopa monnieri through Modulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and GSK‐3β/Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling
Authors: Sushma  , Sahu Manas Ranjan , Murugan Natarajan Arul , Mondal Amal Chandra 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia, affecting a large number of populations. Despite being under scrutiny for decades, an effective therapeutic option is still not available.Methods and resultsThis study explores the therapeutic role of a nootropic herb Bacopa monnieri (BM) in AD‐like pathological conditions produced by injecting preformed amyloid‐β42 (Aβ42) fibril bilaterally into hippocampus of Wistar rats, and ethanolic extract of BM is orally administered for 4 weeks. Assessment of behavioral changes reveals that BM treatment ameliorates Aβ42‐induced cognitive impairment and compromised explorative behavior. Supplementation of BM also reduces oxidative stress biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines, and cholinesterase activity in the AD rats. Additionally, BM treatment restores Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax)/ B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) imbalance, increases neurotrophic factors expression, and prevents neurodegeneration validated by quantifying Nissl‐positive hippocampal neurons. Interestingly, BM administration eliminates amyloid plaques in the hippocampal region and normalizes the Aβ42‐induced increase in phospho‐tau and total tau expression. Mechanistic investigations reveal that BM interacts with glycogen synthase kinase (GSK‐3β) and restores Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.ConclusionBM has been used in diet as a nootropic herb for several centuries. This study highlights the anti‐Alzheimer activity of BM from the behavioral to the molecular level by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction, and GSK‐3β mediates the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
Sulforaphane and Sulforaphane‐Nitrile Metabolism in Humans Following Broccoli Sprout Consumption: Inter‐individual Variation, Association with Gut Microbiome Composition, and Differential Bioactivity
Authors: Bouranis John A. , Beaver Laura M. , Wong Carmen P. , Choi Jaewoo , Hamer Sean , Davis Ed W. , Brown Kevin S. , Jiang Duo , Sharpton Thomas J. , Stevens Jan F. , Ho Emily 
Published: December 2023

ScopeThe glucosinolate glucoraphanin from broccoli is converted to sulforaphane (SFN) or sulforaphane‐nitrile (SFN‐NIT) by plant enzymes or the gut microbiome. Human feeding studies typically observe high inter‐individual variation in absorption and excretion of SFN, however, the source of this variation is not fully known. To address this, a human feeding trial to comprehensively evaluate inter‐individual variation in the absorption and excretion of all known SFN metabolites in urine, plasma, and stool, and tested the hypothesis that gut microbiome composition influences inter‐individual variation in total SFN excretion has been conducted.Methods and ResultsParticipants (n = 55) consumed a single serving of broccoli or alfalfa sprouts and plasma, stool, and total urine are collected over 72 h for quantification of SFN metabolites and gut microbiome profiling using 16S gene sequencing. SFN‐NIT excretion is markedly slower than SFN excretion (72 h vs 24 h). Members of genus Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Ruminococcus torques are positively associated with SFN metabolite excretion while members of genus Alistipes and Blautia has a negative association.ConclusionThis is the first report of SFN‐NIT metabolite levels in human plasma, urine, and stool following consumption of broccoli sprouts. The results help explain factors driving inter‐individual variation in SFN metabolism and are relevant for precision nutrition.
Effectively improve the mechanical properties of carbon fabric/epoxy composites by oxidized carbon nitride
Authors: Zhu Song‐Qing , Lu Jing‐Jing , Fan Meng‐Xuan , Chernysh Yelizaveta , Pan Ya‐Jie , Dang Rui‐Qiong , Guan Ji‐Peng , Yu Li‐Chao , Lin Ben‐Cai , Shen Xiao‐Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, carbon nitride (C3N4) powder was oxidized by the Hummers oxidation method, and oxidized carbon nitride (O‐C3N4) was obtained. Epoxy (EP) was modified with O‐C3N4, and then carbon fiber fabric/epoxy (CF/EP) composites were prepared by hand‐pasting molding. The O‐C3N4 greatly improves the wettability of EP resin, enhances the interface properties of CF/EP composites, and makes the composites have better mechanical properties. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) is increased from 51.75 to 59.68 MPa, the tensile strength is increased from 564.54 to 635.39 MPa, the bending strength is increased from 809.64 to 938.81 MPa, and the impact strength is increased from 73.48 to 84.84 kJ/m2. Meanwhile, the dynamic mechanical properties of composites are also significantly improved. The energy storage modulus is increased from 14.9 to 21.4 GPa, with an increase of 43.6%.Highlights
Developing carbon fiber composites is conducive to industrial applications.
O‐C3N4 effectively improves the mechanical properties of the composite.
O‐C3N4 has the advantages of simple synthesis, low costs, and light color.
O‐C3N4 is rich in oxygen‐containing functional groups.
Assessing the benefits and risks of amantadine for irritability and aggression after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hammond Flora M. , Zafonte Ross D. , Sherer Mark , Bell Kathleen R. , Bogner Jennifer , Malec James F. , Tang Qing , Jang Jeong Hoon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the benefits versus harms of amantadine in the treatment of irritability and aggression following traumatic brain injury.MethodsSecondary outcome data from a randomized controlled multisite trial of amantadine 100 mg twice daily were used to calculate number‐needed‐to‐treat (NNT). Given prior findings of positive clinician‐perceived effects and low incidence of adverse events, we hypothesized low number‐needed‐to‐treat for benefit (NNTB; high benefit) and high number‐needed‐to‐treat for harm (NNTH; low risk) based on the clinician ratings, supporting the use of amantadine in clinical practice. Specifically, NNTB values were calculated using number of individuals with improvement on the Clinician Global Impressions–Global Improvement scale (GI). NNTH values were computed using number of individuals with worsening on the GI and experiencing serious and any adverse events.ResultsBased on clinician ratings, on average for every six patients treated with amantadine rather than placebo, one extra patient would be expected to improve (NNTB = 6.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [3.3–76.8]). More participants in the placebo group worsened than in the amantadine group, but the result was not statistically significant (NNTH = −92.4; 95% CI: [NNTB −32.9 to infinity to NNTH −19.2]). The amantadine and placebo groups did not differ on the numbers of adverse events experienced during the trial.ConclusionClinician ratings suggest modest benefit of amantadine 100 mg twice daily with low risk to appropriately selected patients with adequate renal clearance. Thus, amantadine should be considered a treatment option for the experienced brain injury clinician. These data may support treatment decisions when a pharmaceutical agent is being considered to control irritability/aggression.
Molecular mechanisms of chaperone‐directed protein folding: Insights from atomistic simulations
Authors: Castelli Matteo , Magni Andrea , Bonollo Giorgio , Pavoni Silvia , Frigerio Francesco , Oliveira A. Sofia F. , Cinquini Fabrizio , Serapian Stefano A. , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMolecular chaperones, a family of proteins of which Hsp90 and Hsp70 are integral members, form an essential machinery to maintain healthy proteomes by controlling the folding and activation of a plethora of substrate client proteins. This is achieved through cycles in which Hsp90 and Hsp70, regulated by task‐specific co‐chaperones, process ATP and become part of a complex network that undergoes extensive compositional and conformational variations. Despite impressive advances in structural knowledge, the mechanisms that regulate the dynamics of functional assemblies, their response to nucleotides, and their relevance for client remodeling are still elusive. Here, we focus on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR):Hsp90:Hsp70:co‐chaperone Hop client‐loading and the GR:Hsp90:co‐chaperone p23 client‐maturation complexes, key assemblies in the folding cycle of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a client strictly dependent upon Hsp90/Hsp70 for activity. Using a combination of molecular dynamics simulation approaches, we unveil with unprecedented detail the mechanisms that underpin function in these chaperone machineries. Specifically, we dissect the processes by which the nucleotide‐encoded message is relayed to the client and how the distinct partners of the assemblies cooperate to (pre)organize partially folded GR during Loading and Maturation. We show how different ligand states determine distinct dynamic profiles for the functional interfaces defining the interactions in the complexes and modulate their overall flexibility to facilitate progress along the chaperone cycle. Finally, we also show that the GR regions engaged by the chaperone machinery display peculiar energetic signatures in the folded state, which enhance the probability of partial unfolding fluctuations. From these results, we propose a model where a dynamic cross‐talk emerges between the chaperone dynamics states and remodeling of client‐interacting regions. This factor, coupled to the highly dynamic nature of the assemblies and the conformational heterogeneity of their interactions, provides the basis for regulating the functions of distinct assemblies during the chaperoning cycle.
A CloudSat–CALIPSO view of cloud and precipitation in the occluded quadrants of extratropical cyclones
Authors: Naud Catherine M. , Ghosh Poushali , Martin Jonathan E. , Elsaesser Gregory S. , Posselt Derek J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing 10 years of satellite‐borne radar and lidar observations coupled with a novel method for automated occlusion identification, composite transects of cloud and precipitation across occluded thermal ridges of extratropical cyclones are, for the first time, constructed. These composites confirm that occluded sectors are characterized by the most extensive cloud cover and heaviest precipitation in any of the frontal regions of the cyclone. Hydrometeor frequency in occluded sectors is sensitive to the cyclone's ascent strength but not to the mean precipitable water in the cyclone's environment. This result is in contrast to the strong relationships between hydrometeor frequency and both precipitable water and ascent strength as previously reported in warm frontal regions. In both hemispheres, cloud and precipitation increase with the maximum value of the equivalent potential temperature at 700 hPa within the occluded thermal ridge, until a threshold is reached. For very large values of maximum equivalent potential temperature, hydrometeors become less frequent while precipitation rates increase. It is suggested that this conjunction is a by‐product of an increase in the frequency of convection in those instances. While in the Northern Hemisphere occluded sectors exhibit deeper and wider cloud structures than their Southern Hemisphere counterparts, their hydrometeor occurrence frequencies are less. The differences in maximum equivalent potential temperature of the thermal ridges in both hemispheres does not appear to explain the more frequent hydrometeors in the Southern Hemisphere. These relationships offer new perspectives on the interplay between cloud processes and cyclone evolution, as well as new observational constraints for process evaluation of Earth system models.
Non‐Viral RNA Delivery During Pregnancy: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Chaudhary Namit , Newby Alexandra N. , Whitehead Kathryn A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring pregnancy, the risk of maternal and fetal adversities increases due to physiological changes, genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and infections. Unfortunately, treatment options are severely limited because many essential interventions are unsafe, inaccessible, or lacking in sufficient scientific data to support their use. One potential solution to this challenge may lie in emerging RNA therapeutics for gene therapy, protein replacement, maternal vaccination, fetal gene editing, and other prenatal treatment applications. In this review, the current landscape of RNA platforms and non‐viral RNA delivery technologies that are under active development for administration during pregnancy is explored. Advancements of pregnancy‐specific RNA drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2, Zika, influenza, preeclampsia, and for in‐utero gene editing are discussed. Finally, this study highlights bottlenecks that are impeding translation efforts of RNA therapies, including the lack of accurate cell‐based and animal models of human pregnancy and concerns related to toxicity and immunogenicity during pregnancy. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate the rapid development of this new class of pregnancy‐safe drugs.
Oxygen Vacancies on NH4V4O10 Accelerate Ion and Charge Transfer in Aqueous Zinc–Ion Batteries
Authors: Peng Yuqi , Mo Li'e , Wei Tingting , Wang Yifan , Zhang Xianxi , Li Zhaoqian , Huang Yang , Yang Guang , Hu Linhua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVanadium‐based compounds are identified as promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries due to their high specific capacity. However, the low intrinsic conductivity and sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics seriously impede their further practical application. Here, oxygen vacancies on NH4V4O10 is reported as a high‐performing cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries via a facile hydrothermal strategy. The introduction of oxygen vacancy accelerates the ion and charge transfer kinetics, reduces the diffusion barrier of zinc ions, and establishes a stable crystal structure during zinc ion (de‐intercalation). As a result, the oxygen vacancy enriched NH4V4O10 exhibits a high specific capacity of ≈499 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, an excellent rate capability of 296 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1 and the specific capacity cycling stability with 95.1% retention at 5 A g−1 for 4000 cycles, superior to the NVO sample (186.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1, 66% capacity retention).
Reduction‐Induced Uptake of Cs+ in Metal–Organic Frameworks Loaded with Polyoxometalates
Authors: Nagasaka Cocoro A. , Ogiwara Naoki , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Uchida Sayaka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMaterials for Cs+ adsorption continue to be important for the treatment of various solutions. Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) with large specific surface areas promise adsorption properties for various gases, vapors, and ions. However, the utilization of MOFs for alkali ion capture, specifically, Cs+ capture is still in its infancy. Herein, MOFs are hybridized with polyoxometalates (POMs) to study the effect of i) MOF type, ii) POM type, and iii) POM loading amounts on Cs+ capture. In particular, the composite of ZIF‐8 and [α‐PMo12O40]3− (PMo12/ZIF‐8) adsorbed Cs+ ions effectively when compared to pristine ZIF‐8. In addition, the reduction of Mo within the POM from MoVI to MoV by ascorbic acid during the Cs+ uptake process doubled the Cs+ uptake capacity of PMo12/ZIF‐8. This observation can be attributed to the increased overall negative charge of the POM facilitating Cs+ uptake to compensate for the charge imbalance. Hybridization with other MOFs (MIL‐101 and UiO‐66) largely suppresses the Cs+ uptake, highlighting the importance of hydrophobicity in Cs+ capture. Furthermore, PMo12/ZIF‐8 led to an outstanding Cs+ uptake (291.5 mg g−1) with high selectivity (79.6%) from quinary mixtures of alkali metal cations even among other representative porous materials (Prussian blue and zeolites).