bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why develop twice? Integration of continuum mechanical material models in Peridynamics
Authors: Willberg Christian , Hesse Jan‐Timo , Pernatii Anna , Gabbert Ulrich 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo harvest the full potential of the peridynamic approach, the state‐of‐the‐art material models should be usable without redeveloping or reimplementing them from classical continuum mechanics theory. User materials (UMAT) in finite element codes allow the researchers or engineers to apply their own material routines. Simple interfaces are specified to allow the utilization of material behaviors in software. In order to use these already existing and often validated models with Peridynamics, a UMAT interface is presented. It allows the simplified use of already existing material routines in the peridynamic framework Peridigm. The interface is based on the finite element (FE) software Abaqus UMAT definition and allows the integration of Fortran routines directly into Peridigm. In addition, the same material model implementations are applicable in finite element applications as well as peridynamic simulations. In the presentation, the interface is presented and various material models are utilized and compared between Peridynamics and FE methods. The effect of the horizon and nonlocal boundaries are analyzed and discussed.
Local treatment in initially unresected non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft‐tissue sarcomas of children and adolescents: A retrospective single‐center experience
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Vennarini Sabina , Fiore Marco , Bergamaschi Luca , Chiaravalli Stefano , Morosi Carlo , Colombo Chiara , Pecori Emilia , Puma Nadia , Luksch Roberto , Terenziani Monica , Spreafico Filippo , Meazza Cristina , Podda Marta , Biassoni Veronica , Schiavello Elisabetta , Massimino Maura , Casanova Michela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft‐tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) are a heterogeneous group of aggressive tumors. Patients with locally advanced/initially unresected disease represent a subset of patients with unsatisfactory outcome: limited data are available on the best treatment approach, in particular regarding local therapy.MethodsThis retrospective analysis concerned 71 patients < 21 years old with nonmetastatic, initially unresected adult‐type NRSTS, treated at a referral center for pediatric sarcomas from 1990 to 2021. Patients were treated using a multimodal approach, based on the protocols adopted at the time of their diagnosis.ResultsThe series included a selected group of patients with unfavorable clinical characteristics, i.e., most cases had high‐grade and large tumors, arising from axial sites in 61% of cases. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 58 (82%) had delayed surgery (R0 in 45 cases), and 50 (70%) had radiotherapy. Partial response to chemotherapy was observed in 46% of cases. With a median follow‐up of 152 months (range, 18–233), 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 39.9% and 56.5%, respectively. Survival was significantly better for patients who responded to chemotherapy, and those who had a delayed R0 resection. Local relapse at 5 years was 7.7% for patients who did not undergo delayed surgery.ConclusionsOur series underscores the unsatisfactory outcome of initially unresected NRSTS patients. Improving the outcome of this patient category requires therapeutic strategies able to combine novel effective systemic therapies with a better‐defined local treatment approach to offer patients the best chances to have R0 surgery.
The societal roles and responsibilities of plant scientists in the context of genome‐edited crops
Authors: So Aisha M. , Habets Michelle G. J. L. , Testerink Christa , Macnaghten Phil 
Published: January 2024

Societal Impact StatementThe societal debate on the use of genome‐edited crops has been polarised from the start. While policymakers struggle to democratically resolve this dilemma, plant scientists have been criticised for taking up advocative roles and thereby risking further polarisation. This study demonstrates how plant scientists themselves perceive their roles and responsibilities. Indeed, those scientists active in the debate were found to fulfil advocative roles, and there seems to be an underlying, persistent—and very traditional—view on roles and responsibilities of scientists within the community. Critical reflection on this view is required for better democratic dialogue and decision‐making. More interdisciplinary interaction could facilitate this reflection.Summary

In this paper, we examine how plant scientists from Wageningen University and Research (WUR) demarcate their roles and responsibilities in relation to the societal impact of their research, in response to calls for public legitimacy of their research, and within the societal debate on the governance of genome‐edited crops (GE crops) in Europe.
We analysed 16 semi‐structured interviews, 5‐day journals, and (social) media contributions of plant scientists at WUR.
Our study demonstrates that the perceived roles and responsibilities of the interviewees were aligned with the ideal of the scientist as value‐free, as separate from society, and as producing knowledge that leads to unproblematic societal benefits through industry. When confronted with the polarised debate on the governance of genome editing (GE) technology, the reflexivity that our respondents had demonstrated in general, tended to be dispersed. Respondents rarely considered the GE crop debate, or their own position, to be value‐based. Those respondents active in the debate were found to fulfil advocative roles, and they struggled to recognise the validity of viewpoints other than their own.
We hypothesise that this decreased reflexive capacity is a product of the long‐term polarisation of the GM/GE debate, mediated by both their conceptual alignment with the linear model of innovation and their limited interactions outside of their field. In order to better align the perspectives of social and natural scientists on the topic of science‐responsibility, and to constructively contribute to the debate on GE crops, we argue for more interaction between the these two communities.
Study on the mechanism of the diversion of flow and sediment in the complex Estuarine River network
Authors: Dong Haoyan , He Zixiao , Jia Liangwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe anomalous variation in the diversion of flow and sediment at the major bifurcation nodes of the Pearl River network in recent years has been generally recognised and accepted, yet the underlying mechanisms have not been revealed. In this study, a large‐scale two‐dimensional flow‐sediment numerical model of the Pearl River estuary was constructed using the TELEMAC‐MASCARET modelling system. Additionally, synchronous field surveys from the dry season of 2016 and wet season of 2017 were used to validate the model. The complex branches system of the Pearl River network was generalised. The theoretical models for calculating the water diversion ratio (WDR) of complex estuarine river networks were proposed. The WDR at each river network node is related to Manning's roughness coefficient, the average cross‐sectional water depth, the water surface slope, the length of the branches and the average cross‐sectional area from the river network nodes to the main estuary outlets. Specifically, the average cross‐sectional water depth is the main driver of the formation of the WDRs at the nodes in the Pearl River network. The sediment SDRs at the primary and secondary lateral branching nodes are significantly higher than the WDRs in the dry season, which explains the uneven distribution of flow and sediment. Sediment mining and reclamation are the main factors that have affected the variation in flow and SDRs in the Pearl River network over recent decades.
Valorization of Lignocellulosic Molecules through Homogeneous Ru‐Catalyzed C−C and C−N Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Fiorito Daniele , Ferraccioli Raffaella 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA sustainable upgrading of renewable bulk materials, obtained by decomposition of biomass lignocellulose, could facilitate their use in the industrial production of chemicals. Homogeneous ruthenium catalysis plays a fundamental role in this area. The review deals with the upgradation of lignocellulosic molecules through the formation of new C−C and C−N bonds. Selected examples of catalytic bond forming reactions reported until mid of 2023, include: (a) dehydrogenative based couplings of alcohols, (b) reductive amination of carbonyl compounds, (c) direct C−H functionalization of (hetero)aromatic compounds. These approaches fulfill the requirements of sustainability: application occurs without any previous substrate activation, thus reducing the production of waste. New chemicals containing the intrinsic molecular structure of lignocellulose substrates, showed a broad range of applications: green fuels, hydrogen carriers, monomers of polymers, intermediates of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The results discussed in the review could inspire the reader to improve the valorization process, in terms of bio‐substrate scope as well as product complexity, through more strategic applications of the catalytic methods.
Proposing a Selective Electrochemical Sensor for Pb2+ Prepared from Fish‐Waste‐Derived Hydroxyapatite/Gelatin nanocomposite
Authors: Ghaneh Mohammad Ali , Hashemi Majid , Hashemnia Sedigheh , Solati Zahra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLead is one of the toxic heavy metals in the environment and its concentration in oceans, seas, lakes and rivers should be controlled. Both hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and gelatin were extracted from the bone wastes of Talang queenfish and were used for preparation of a hydroxyapatite‐gelatin nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was used as a modifier in fabrication of a carbon paste electrode (CPE) for determination of Pb2+ concentration. The behavior of the prepared electrode was studied with respect of changes in the amount of modifier and pH of the solution. The best response was obtained with 5 % wt of composite in CPE and at pH 5. The prepared electrode showed a linear response in the concentration range of 2–290 μM of Pb2+ with a good detection limit and acceptable stability, reproducibility and selectivity. The modified electrode showed an excellent selectivity towards Pb2+ in the presence of other metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Mg2+. The electrode can also be used for simultaneous determination of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ without considerable interference with each other or Pb2+ ions. This electrode is convenient for determination of Pb2+ in real water samples without using a pre‐concentration step.
Adhesive Nanoparticle‐in‐Microgel System with ROS Scavenging Capability and Hemostatic Activity for Postoperative Adhesion Prevention
Authors: Chen Jianmei , An Xueying , Xu Li , Gao Ya , Zhou Mengqin , Liu Zongguang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPostoperative adhesion is a noteworthy clinical complication in abdominal surgery due to the existing physical barriers are unsatisfactory and inefficient in preventing its occurrence. In this work, an elaborate nanoparticle‐in‐microgel system (nMGel) is presented for postoperative adhesion prevention. nMGel is facilely formed by crosslinking manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles‐loaded gelatin microspheres with polydopamine using a modified emulsification‐chemical crosslinking method, generating a nano‐micron spherical hydrogel. After drying, powdery nMGel with sprayability can perfectly cover irregular wounds and maintains robust tissue adhesiveness even in a wet environment. Additionally, nMGel possesses prominent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, which protects cell viability and preserves cell biological functions in an oxidative microenvironment. Furthermore, nMGel displays superior hemostatic property as demonstrated in mouse tail amputation models and liver trauma models. Importantly, nMGel can be conveniently administrated in a mouse cecal defect model to prevent adhesion between the injured cecum and the peritoneum by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis. Thus, the bioactive nMGel offers a practical and efficient approach for ameliorating postsurgical adhesion.
Boron Nitride Nanosheets Induce Lipid Accumulation and Autophagy in Human Alveolar Lung Epithelial Cells Cultivated at Air‐Liquid Interface
Authors: Gupta Govind , Wang Ziting , Kissling Vera M. , Gogos Alexander , Wick Peter , Buerki‐Thurnherr Tina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is an emerging 2D material attracting significant attention due to its superior electrical, chemical, and therapeutic properties. However, inhalation toxicity mechanisms of hBN in human lung cells are poorly understood. Here, cellular interaction and effects of hBN nanosheets is investigated in alveolar epithelial cells cultured on porous inserts and exposed under air−liquid interface conditions for 24 h. hBN is taken up by the cells as determined in a label‐free manner via RAMAN‐confocal microscopy, ICP‐MS, TEM, and SEM‐EDX. No significant (p > 0.05) effects are observed on cell membrane integrity (LDH release), epithelial barrier integrity (TEER), interleukin‐8 cytokine production or reactive oxygen production at tested dose ranges (1, 5, and 10 µg cm−2). However, it is observed that an enhanced accumulation of lipid granules in cells indicating the effect of hBN on lipid metabolism. In addition, it is observed that a significant (p < 0.05) and dose‐dependent (5 and 10 µg cm−2) induction of autophagy in cells after exposure to hBN, potentially associated with the downstream processing and breakdown of excess lipid granules to maintain lipid homeostasis. Indeed, lysosomal co‐localization of lipid granules supporting this argument is observed. Overall, the results suggest that the continuous presence of excess intracellular lipids may provoke adverse outcomes in the lungs.
High‐Performance Flexible Broadband Photoelectrochemical Photodetector Based on Molybdenum Telluride
Authors: Xu Xiang , Wang Ying , Ji Yeqin , Chen Zhijian , Lu Chunhui , Xu Xinlong , Hua Dengxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlexible broadband photodetectors are desired but challenging to be fabricated for next‐generation wearable intelligent optoelectronic devices. Considering the narrow bandgap and strong light absorption, molybdenum telluride (MoTe2) based photoelectrochemical photodetectors are successfully assembled by liquid phase exfoliation accompanied with the electrophoretic deposited method. This MoTe2‐based photodetector shows a broadband detection in ultraviolet–near‐infrared band, long‐term stability within 18000 s, and fast response in millisecond‐level (response time≈19 ms, recovery time≈26 ms). More importantly, even though the MoTe2 photodetector is bent and twisted at a high degree for several hundred times, it still shows excellent flexibility with stable on‐off switching characteristics. Additionally, this photodetector displays a good response for rotation angles in the range from 0° to 360°, and the extracted Iph maintain almost the same value approximately 0.97 µA cm−2, suggesting an omnidirectional detection capability. This work demonstrates the proposed flexible photoanode shows a great potential in future broadband omnidirectional detection systems.
pH‐Dependent Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Mesophase and Ionization Behavior of Phytantriol‐Based Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Haitao , Dyett Brendan , Kirby Nigel , Cai Xudong , Mohamad Mohamad El , Bozinovski Steven , Drummond Calum J. , Zhai Jiali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembled lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), serving as essential nanocarriers in recent COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines, provide a stable and versatile platform for delivering a wide range of biological materials. Notably, LNPs with unique inverse mesostructures, such as cubosomes and hexosomes, are recognized as fusogenic nanocarriers in the drug delivery field. This study delves into the physicochemical properties, including size, lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophase, and apparent pKa of LNPs with various lipid components, consisting of two ionizable lipids (ALC‐0315 and SM‐102) used in commercial COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines and a well‐known inverse mesophase structure‐forming helper lipid, phytantriol (PT). Two partial mesophase diagrams are generated for both ALC‐0315/PT LNPs and SM‐102/PT LNPs as a function of two factors, ionizable lipid ratio (α, 0–100 mol%) and pH condition (pH 3–11). Furthermore, the impact of different LNP stabilizers (Pluronic F127, Pluronic F108, and Tween 80) on their pH‐dependent phase behavior is evaluated. The findings offer insights into the self‐assembled mesostructure and ionization state of the studied LNPs with potentially enhanced endosomal escape ability. This research is relevant to developing innovative next‐generation LNP systems for delivering various therapeutics.
3D Printable Active Hydrogels with Supramolecular Additive‐Driven Adaptiveness
Authors: Li Xiao , Guan Zhecun , Zhao Jiayu , Bae Jinhye 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSmart hydrogels are a promising candidate for the development of next‐generation soft materials due to their stimuli‐responsiveness, deformability, and biocompatibility. However, it remains challenging to enable hydrogels to actively adapt to various environmental conditions like living organisms. In this work, supramolecular additives are introduced to the hydrogel matrix to confer environmental adaptiveness. Specifically, their microstructures, swelling behaviors, mechanical properties, and transparency can adapt to external environmental conditions. Moreover, the presence of hydrogen bonding provides the hydrogel with applicable rheological properties for 3D extrusion printing, thus allowing for the facile preparation of thickness‐dependent camouflage and multistimuli responsive complex. The environmentally adaptive hydrogel developed in this study offers new approaches for manipulating supramolecular interactions and broadens the capability of smart hydrogels in information security and multifunctional integrated actuation.
Are sonographers the future ‘gold standard’ in the diagnosis of endometriosis?
Authors: Deslandes Alison , Panuccio Catrina , Avery Jodie , Condous George , Leonardi Mathew , Knox Steven , Chen Hsaing‐Ting , Hull Mary Louise 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiagnosis of endometriosis has traditionally relied on laparoscopic surgery, which was considered the ‘gold standard’ diagnostic tool. This is not ideal as surgery carries risk, is expensive, is difficult to access, and disrupts patients work or education due to the recovery time needed. As such, imaging has been investigated as a potential method for non‐invasive diagnosis, with transvaginal ultrasound showing high diagnostic accuracy for ovarian endometriomas and deep endometriosis. The advances in imaging capability led to recent international guidelines suggesting laparoscopy is no longer the ‘gold‐standard’ for diagnosis and encouraging clinicians to utilise medical imaging as part of their diagnostic work‐up for endometriosis. Imaging is emerging as not only a tool for planning endometriosis surgery but increasingly as the first approach for initial diagnosis. Given that transvaginal ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for assessment of gynaecological conditions, it is inevitable that sonographers will have a significant future role in endometriosis diagnosis. This moves away from endometriosis diagnosis being the exclusive realm of laparoscopic surgeons and increasingly involves medical imaging specialists. This review article will describe the origins of endometriosis ultrasound and the current capabilities of transvaginal ultrasound in this field. The expectations of sonographers in this evolving space will be explored, as well as recent novel research findings to gain insight into what the future of endometriosis diagnosis with ultrasound may look like.
Heavy metal concentration in agricultural soil near industrial clusters around Raipur city: A geochemical appraisal
Authors: Baruah Manash Protim , Singha Kiranjit , Jha Priyanka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA detailed assessment of heavy metal concentration has been done through a regional geochemical survey near an industrial area in the outskirts of Raipur City. The multi‐metal analysis was carried out through detailed sampling of stream sediments and slope wash samples. All heavy metals like Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Arsenic (As) are found to present at higher concentrations than their permissible limits. The maximum concentration of heavy metals in descending order of occurrences for Cr, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, and As were 213, 68, 55, 54, 45, and 35, ppm, respectively. The weathering of the carbonate rocks present in the area is found to be the source of a few metals like Ni, Cr, and Cu. Other metals like Co, Pb, and As are observed at higher concentrations near the industrial areas in the northwestern part. The chemical effluents released from the steel industries are believed to be the prime source of these metals, which also confirmed through field validation. This study emphasizes the significance of the geochemical database generated by National Geochemical Mapping (NGCM) for social and environmental goals.
Per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances removal in multi‐barrier advanced water purification system for indirect potable reuse
Authors: Li Lin , Haak Laura , Guarin Tatiana C. , Teel Lydia , Sundaram Vijay , Pagilla Krishna R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study evaluated the removal efficacy of per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) across various advanced water treatment (AWT) processes in a field‐scale AWT train using secondary effluent samples from a full‐scale water reclamation facility (WRF). Samples collected from April to October 2020 revealed PFCAs as the dominant PFAS compounds in the WRF secondary effluent, with PFPeA having the highest average concentration and PFSAs in notably lower amounts. Temporal fluctuations in total PFAS concentrations peaked in September 2020, which may reflect the seasonality in PFAS discharges related to applications like AFFFs and pesticides. In assessing AWT processes, coagulation‐flocculation‐clarification‐filtration system showed no notable PFAS reduction, while ozonation resulted in elevated PFBS and PFBA concentrations. Biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration effectively removed long‐chain PFAS like PFOS and PFHxS but saw increased concentrations of short‐chain PFAS post‐treatment. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration was the most effective treatment, reducing all PFSAs below the detection limits and significantly decreasing most PFCAs, though short‐chain PFCAs persisted. UV treatment did not remove short‐chain PFCAs such as PFBA, PFPeA, and PFHxA. The findings highlight the efficacy of AWT processes like GAC in PFAS reduction for potable reuse, but also underscore the challenge presented by short‐chain PFAS, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment strategies.Practitioner Points
Secondary effluents showed higher concentrations of PFCAs compared to PFSAs.
Advanced water treatment effectively removes long‐chain PFAS but not short‐chain.
Ozonation may contribute to formation of short‐chain PFAS.
BAC is less effective on short‐chain PFAS, requiring further GAC treatment.
Preparation of Copper‐containing Nanocomposites by Thermolysis of Copper (II) Complex and Their Use as Anti‐friction and Anti‐wear Additives to Lubricant Oils
Authors: Drogan Ekaterina G. , Tautieva Marina A. , Burlakova Victoria E. , Popov Leonid D. , Estrin Igor A. , Uflyand Igor E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA simple and accessible method has been developed for the preparation of copper‐containing nanocomposites by thermolysis of a copper(II) complex with a Schiff base based on 3‐formyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin and octadecylamine at 500 °C. The resulting nanoparticles with a particle size of up to 85 nm were used as additives to lubricants. It has been established that copper oxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.5 % and 1 % increase the anti‐wear and anti‐friction properties of the lubricant.