bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
McArdle's disease and gout
Authors: Puig Juan G. , de Miguel Eugenio , Mateos Felícitas A. , Miranda Ma Eugenia , Romera Nuria M. , Espinosa Ana , Gijón Juan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report the first case of McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency) and tophaceous gout. To examine the contribution of adenine nucleotide degradation to the disturbance of uric acid metabolism, we labeled the adenine nucleotide pool with [8‐14C]adenine, and measured plasma and urine purines following vigorous exercise tests. Plasma and urinary hypoxanthine and xanthine concentrations and the specific radioactivity of urinary purines increased markedly, but plasma urate levels and uric acid excretion were not substantially modified. We suggest that, in this patient, the association of McArcle's disease with gout is coincidental. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of reduced joint mobility and training on Na, K‐ATPase and Ca‐ATPase in skeletal muscle
Authors: Leivseth Gunnar , Clausen Torben , Everts Marie E. , Bjordal Erling 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn guinea pigs, the ankle joint was partly immobilized in a position reducing dorsiflection to 105° (as compared to the normal value of 30°). When compared with the contralateral unrestrained leg, this led to a significant atrophy and a decrease in contractile force (−23%) of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscle reaching minimum (−19% and −23%) after 3 weeks, but no evidence of degenerative changes. Total contents of Ca and Ca‐ATPase were increased by 27% and 22%, respectively. After 4 to 5 weeks of reduced mobility, the concentration of [3H]ouabain binding sites in gastrocnemius muscle returned to control level. The lowest concentration of [3H]ouabain binding sites reached during reduced mobility was 258 ± 13 pmol/g wet wt., and the maximum value attained following 3 weeks of reduced mobility and 3 weeks of training by running was 498 ± 25 pmol/g wet wt., i.e, 93% higher. In soleus, training produced an increase of 25%. Clinically, it is important to realize that movable braces cannot prevent the development of muscular atrophy. The observed spontaneous recovery of the Na, K‐pump concentration may partly explain why patients using movable casts show a better capacity for physical performance than those treated with complete immobilization. In conclusion, the total concentration of Na, K‐pumps in guinea pig skeletal muscle undergoes downregulation and upregulation as a function of contractile activity as well as muscle length under conditions mimicking the constraints on mobility frequently used in the clinical treatment of lesions. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dextrans as markers for endocytosis in innervated and denervated skeletal muscle
Authors: Elmquist Stefan , Libelius Rolf , Lawoko Grace , Tågerud Sven 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFluorescence‐labeled dextrans were evaluated as markers for endocytosis in skeletal muscle. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled dextrans (average molecular weight 3900 to 71200) showed a higher uptake in denervated than in innervated muscle both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro uptake of FITC‐dextran (35.600) increased linearly with time at 37°C, and was almost completely inhibited by low temperature (4°C). The uptake was not a pure bulk uptake, because a saturable component was evident from the concentration dependence and from competition experiments with unlabeled dextran. The uptake of FITC‐labeled or rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC)‐labeled dextrans in denervated muscle occurred mainly in small segments of the fibers centered around the denervated endplate region. However, not all denervated fibers showed such segments. Periodic acid Schiff's base staining for carbohydrates stained dextrans in denervated muscle fibers. Some staining, probably of lysosomes, was also observed in denervated muscle not exposed to dextran. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vasculitic neuropathy in a patient with cryoglobulinemia and anti‐MAG IGM monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Thomas Florian P. , Lovelace Robert E. , Ding Xin‐Sheng , Sadiq Saud A. , Petty George W. , Sherman William H. , Latov Norman , Hays Arthur P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA patient with sensorimotor mononeuritis multiplex had a type II cryoglobulin with an IgM kappa M‐protein that appeared to contain monoclonal anti‐MAG antibodies of the same isotype. A sural nerve biopsy demonstrated necrotizing arteritis and features of both axonal degeneration and demyelination. IgM kappa and C3 deposits were present on the myelin sheath of some residual nerve fibers. The findings suggest that the anti‐MAG antibodies contributed to the myelin damage, while cryoprecipitates may have caused the vasculitis and axonal degeneration. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The relative diagnostic sensitivity of different F‐wave parameters in various polyneuropathies
Authors: Fraser Jeffrey L. , Olney Richard K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe studied F‐wave minimum latency, persistence, and chronodispersion in the median and ulnar nerves of 70 controls and 75 patients with various polyneuropathies. Prolonged minimum latency was the most frequent F‐wave abnormality in all groups of patients with polyneuropathy. The finding of decreased persistence or absence of F‐responses was comparable in sensitivity to prolonged minimum latency in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), whereas chronodispersion had a comparable sensitivity only in CIDP. Decreased persistence of obtained F‐responses, and the absence of F‐responses in nerves with low compound muscle action potential amplitudes, were nonspecific findings. F‐wave studies often provide useful additional information in the evaluation of patients suspected of having a polyneuropathy. In patients with axonal polyneuropathies, we found that F‐wave studies are significantly more sensitive than standard motor conduction studies in identifying physiological abnormalities of motor axons. Furthermore, in a patient with an acquired polyneuropathy, the finding of markedly prolonged minimum latency, or the absence of F‐responses in nerves with normal CMAP amplitude, is highly specific for the presence of demyelination. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide, chromogranin a, and synaptic vesicle markers in rat motor endplates, studied using immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning
Authors: Li Jia‐Yi , Dahlström Annica B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe presence of calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and chromogranin A was investigated in the developing rat (E18–adult) motor system, using immunofluorescene and confocal laser scanning, and compared with synaptic vesicle markers, synaptophysin and synapsin I. In lumbar motor perikarya CGRP‐Ll and Chr A‐Ll were present in high intensities in E18 and P1 perikarya in the anterior horn. With increasing age immunoreactivity decreased. Chr A‐Ll was sparse in the adult. In peroneal endplates, p38‐Ll and SYN l‐Ll were present in all stages, including E18. Peptide‐Ll was very weak or absent in early stages (E18 and P1), but abundant in P8 and P18, especially CGRP‐LI, and decreased again in P32 and adult animals. These observations indicate that the peptides have precise functions during certain developmental stages, possibly related to synapse maturation, receptor concentration, and reduction of supernumerary endplates. Both peptides are rapidly transported anterogradely in adult motor axons, and may serve physiological functions also in the adult. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Short segment incremental studies in the evaluation of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Campbell William W. , Pridgeon Rhonda M. , Sahni K. Singh 
Published: January 2005

AbstractConventional electrodiagnosis may localize an ulnar neuropathy to the general region of the elbow. Separating retroepicondylar compression from compression by the humeroulnar aponeurotic arcade from compression by the deep flexorpronator aponeurosis is more difficult. In 35 patients, we compared localization by conventional inching (stimulating stepwise around the elbow searching for focal conduction block or differential slowing) to localization by a more quantitative short segment incremental stimulation (SSIS) technique assessing latency change over consecutive 1 cm segments. Results of percutaneous studies were compared with findings of intraoperative electroneurography. We conclude that SSIS identifies compression levels more accurately than standard inching, and that SSIS and intraoperative electroneurography correlate highly, but not perfectly. Studies confined to a search for conduction block or differential slowing are limited by the low incidence of conduction block in chronic compression neuropathies. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mild ischemia causes severe pathological changes in experimental diabetic nerve
Authors: Nukada Hitoshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNerve ischemia is considered one of etiological factors in the development of structural changes in peripheral nerves associated with diabetes mellitus. To assess the effect of mild ischemia on diabetic nerve, a subthreshold dose of polystyrene microspheres was indected intraarterially to occlude microvessels of the sciatic nerve and its branches in 20‐week streptozotccin‐induced diabetic and control rats. Diabetic sciatic and tibial nerves showed severe pathological change of myelinated fibers, whereas nondiabetic nerves were normal or had minor structural abnormalities. Morphometrical evaluation confirmed a greater frequency of abnormal myelinated fibers in diabetic nerves especially in central fascicular regions. The result indicate that diabetic nerve has an increased morphological susceptibility to nerve ischemia. Endoneurial hypoxia, which may result from hemorheological and vascular abnormalities, is likely to cause a lowered threshold to ischemic tolerance in diabetic nerve. This increased vulnerability to ischemia may render diabetic nerve unduly susceptible to hyperglycemia‐induced systemic tissue abnormalities. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neuromuscular responses of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rice Charles L. , Vollmer Timothy L. , Bigland‐Ritchie Brenda 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMuscle weakness, studied in 4 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), was compared with values from normal subjects. Twitch occlusion showed that normal subjects could activate their muscles maximally, but patients rarely achieved >60% activation. In both groups, motoneuron firing rates increased linearly with force. Consistent with the reduced level of activation, MCV firing rates in MS muscles rarely exceeded 17 Hz (compared with ∼24 Hz for normals). However, for right and left muscles of one patient, mean maximum firing rates were 14.2 ± 2 Hz and 8.0 ± 2 Hz, but her muscles could be activated to levels >92% and 60%, respectively. This patient's ability to achieve higher than expected forces at low firing rates was probably due to her slow muscle contractile speeds, especially ½‐relaxation time (75 to 115 ms, cf. ∼60 ms for normals), and high twitch/tetanus ratio (0.4, cf. 0.2). © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
F waves and motor unit size
Authors: Dengler Reinhard , Kossev Andon , Wohlfahrt Kai , Schubert Margot , Elek Josef , Wolf Werner 
Published: January 2005

AbstractM responses and twitch contractions were evoked in single motor units (MUs) of the first dorsal interosseus muscle by intramuscular microstimulation of motor axons. Two‐hundred nine MUs were studied in 21 subjects. Thirty‐five MUs (17%) showed F waves in addition to M responses. Twitch force was used to provide an indirect measure of MU size; additionally, twitch contraction time was measured. There was no select group of MUs generating F waves with regard to the above contraction parameters. However, four of five MUs with very high twitch forces, above 70 mN, generated F waves. We conclude that MUs of all sizes produce F waves with similar probability. Only few MUs with very strong twitch forces, i.e., very large MUs, may be more subject to F‐wave production and may be involved in the generation of the so‐called repeater F waves. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The pterygoid reflex in man and its clinical application
Authors: Hopf H. C. , Ellrich J. , Hundemer H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA technique for eliciting and recording the stretch reflex (R) of the medial pterygoid muscle (Pter) is described. The latency was 6.9 ± 0.43 ms in 23 healthy volunteers (mean age 23.7 years) showing a side‐to‐side difference of 0.29 ± 0.21 ms. The PterR latencies were little shorter and side‐to‐side difference little greater than of the masseter reflex. Observations in 5 selected patients with small brainstem lesions suggest that the neurons of the PterR afferents form a cluster within the caudal portion of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. Testing the masseter and pterygoid reflexes provides a more precise localization of small ponto‐mesencephalic lesions. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lambert–Eaton syndrome: Antigen–antibody interaction and calcium current inhibition in chromaffin cells
Authors: Viglione Michael P. , Creutz Carl E. , Kim Yong I. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPlasma and IgG obtained from 10 Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LES) patients (5 with carcinoma, 5 without associated cancer), 6 healthy subjects, and 1 patient with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) were examined in their ability to recognize chromaffin cell antigens on Western blots. The pattern of antigen recognition was compared with the magnitude of inhibition of voltage‐dependent calcium and sodium currents recorded with the patch‐clamp technique from chromaffin cells. Eight of the 11 patients with LES and/or SCLC recognized plasma membrane proteins and 9 of the patients' IgG interacted with cytoplasmic antigens with no apparent pattern of antigen recognition between patients. Also, there was no obvious band pattern distinguishing patients with LES from those with LES and concurrent SCLC. Eighty percent of the LES patients' antibodies were capable of reducing the calcium current (ICa) in chromaffin cells. One of the novel findings of this study is that 30% of the patients had produced antibodies which were able to inhibit both calcium and sodium currents (INa). The heterogeneous response of the IgG on the Western blots does not appear to correlate with the efficacy of reducing the inward currents. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gangliosides attenuate vincristine neurotoxicity on dorsal root ganglion cells
Authors: Houi Kouji , Mochio Soichiro , Kobayashi Takaaki 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe investigated the effects of bovine brain gangliosides on the neurotoxicity of vincristine in dissociated cultures of dorsal root ganglion cells from 10‐day chick embryos. The effects of the drugs were quantified as the numbers of neurite‐bearing cells or total neurite length in individual neurite‐bearing cells. The administration of vincristine (1 to 1000 pg/mL) inhibited neurite outgrowth from the cells, whereas gangliosides (10 to 1000 m̈g/mL) protected them against this inhibition in a concentration‐dependent manner. Electron microscopy revealed vincristine‐induced fragmentation and longitudinal disorientation of microtubules in neurites and showed the protection by gangliosides against such damaging effects. Our results show that exogenous administration of gangliosides attenuates the neurotoxicity of vincristine in vitro. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Needle electromyography of the diaphragm: A new technique
Authors: Saadeh Peter B. , Crisafulli Christine Fitzpatrick , Sosner Julian , Wolf Edna 
Published: January 2005

AbstractElectrodiagnostic evaluation of diaphragmatic function has consisted of phrenic nerve stimulation and surface or esophageal recordings of the electrical activity of the diaphragm. Needle electromyography of the diaphragm has rarely been reported because of the perceived danger of this procedure. We describe a new technique for needle electromyography of the diaphragm. Am EMG electrode is placed in the costal insertion of the diaphragm under the 8th, 9th, or 10th rib cartilage, distant from the major vessels, pleura, lungs, and abdominal viscera. Diaphragmatic denervation was found in 42 of 81 patients using this method. There were no complications related to the procedure. Needle electromyography of the diaphragm provides important information in the diagnosis and management of respiratory dysfunction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Peripheral nerve lesions in HTLV‐I associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP)
Authors: Bhigjee Ahmed I. , Bill Pierre L. A. , Wiley Clayton A. , Windsor Isobel M. , Matthias Denise A. , Amenomori Tatsuhiko , Wachsman William , Moorhouse David 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPeripheral nerve dysfunction (PND) was found in as many as 43% of our patients with human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I)–associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). To evaluate the PND further we biopsied the sural nerve in 6 patients. The histological features were varying degrees of demyelination, remyelination, axonal atrophy and degeneration, and perineurial fibrosis. “Globule” or “sausage” formation was prominent in two of the specimens. Inflammatory infiltrates were absent. No deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA, or complement were detected in the biopsies. No viral antigen or proviral DNA was detected. It is proposed that the PND and the histological findings noted are part of HTLV‐I–associated disease and not an unrelated disorder. The pathogenesis of the PND remains unclear. There was no evidence of direct viral infection. The histological findings could represent primary changes induced by viral‐triggered release of soluble factors, such as cytokines or secondary changes to more proximal disease, e.g., root involvement. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Distinguishing unloading. Versus reloading‐induced changes in rat soleus muscle
Authors: Krippendorf Beth B. , Riley Danny A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPreviously, solei from rats orbited 12.5 days aboard Cosmos 1887 biosatellite were biopsied 48–56 hours postflight. These atrophic muscles showed severe pathology. Designing a ground‐based model of that space flight, we tested the hypothesis that 48 hours of postflight muscle reloading induced pathological changes. Rats were subjected to 12.5 days of hindlimb suspension unloading and biopsied immediately after suspension or after returning to normal weightbearing 12, 24, or 48 hours. Soleus morphological changes were quantitated on histochemically and immunohistochemically stained cross‐sections. Solei from 0‐hour reloaded rats showed significantly decreased wet weights, diminished myofiber cross‐sectional area, angular myofibers, myofiberil disruption, and more myofibers expressing fast myosin. Compared with suspension alone (0‐hour reloading), reloading 12–48 hours induced slightly increased soleus wet weights, myofiber swelling, significant interstital tissue edema, macrophage activation, and monocyte infiltration. These results suggest the degree and type of muscle degenerative changes observed postflight depend on the duration of gravity readaptation before biopsy and not solely on exposure to microgravity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sixteenth annual AAEM Edward H. Lambert lecture. Electrodiagnostic aspects of diabetic neuropathies: Entrapments
Authors: Johnson Ernest W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA MEDLINE review suggested a lack of recent studies about the entrapments seen with underlying diabetic neuropathy. Suggested protocols for research in diabetic peripheral neuropathy have not included the concepts of entrapments as an early — indeed, first manifestation of the neuropathy. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a frequent accompaniment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Assessment of the degree of entrapment superimposed on the generalized peripheral neuropathy can be clarified by analysis of the CMAP and the SNAP — particularly with respect to duration of the negative spike of the action potential. Also, analysis of the action potentials elicited by stimulation of the ulnar and radial nerves and their comparison with the median nerve is often helpful. Finally careful inspection of the actions potential when stimulating proximal and distal to the entrapment will establish the degree of nerve compromise relative to the underlying diabetic neuropathy.
Involvement of peripheral sensory fibers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Electro‐physiological study of 64 cases
Authors: Mondelli Mauro , Rossi Alessandro , Passero Stefano , Guazzi Gian Carlo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report electrophysiological findings of conduction along peripheral sensory fibers in 64 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Distribution of the values of action potential amplitudes and conduction velocities of peripheral afferent fibers were significantly lower than in normal age‐matched controls. Sensory action potential amplitudes (SAPas) were more affected than sensory conduction velocities (SCVs). When single patients were considered, SAPas were slightly but significantly reduced in 22% of the cases (median nerve 17%, ulnar nerve 11%, and sural nerve 22%). A parallel decrease in SCVs and MCVs in 14 patients in whom the study was repeated over a period of time was also found. All these electrophysiological findings are due to progressive neuronopathy of peripheral sensory fibers. A pathogenetic mechanism is proposed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sustained focal effects of low‐dose intramuscular succinylcholine
Authors: Walker Francis O. , Scott Gregory E. , Butterworth John 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe studied low‐dose intramuscular succinylcholine in 9 subjects as part as an ongoing investigation of its potential to predict responses to botulinum toxin. We measured compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) from the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscles in each foot before and after intramuscular injections of 2.5 mg of succinylcholine into the EDB. Succinylcholine reduced mean CMAP amplitudes to 42% of baseline; the maximal reduction occurred at 19 ± 6 (mean standard deviation) minutes. Recovery to 73% of the baseline CMAP amplitude (approximately 50% recovery from block) occurred at 105 ± 49 minutes after injection. Repetitive (train‐of‐four) stimulation at 2 Hz produced mild CMAP decrements (5–25%), but only during the recovery phase. Varying the succinylcholine concentrations (10, 20, or 50 mg/mL) while holding the total drug dose constant did not change the rate of onset or the extent of block. No systemic complications occurred. We conclude that: (1) 2.5 mg intramuscular succinylcholine can safely induce selective muscle weakness with a time course that differs from intravenously administered succinylcholine; and (2) further clinical studies comparing intramuscular succinylcholine and botulinum toxin are warranted. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.