bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ENTEROVIRUSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS, 2003-2022
Authors: Paklonskaya N.V. , Amvrosieva T.V. , Bogush Z.F. , Shilova Yu.A. , Koltunova Yu.B. , Dashkevich A.M. , Zapolskaya V.V. , Kishkurno E.P. 
Published: December 2023

Enteroviruses (EV) are widespread viral agents that regularly cause epidemic outbreaks of diseases that are characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. The aim of this work was to study the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of non-poliomyelitis EVs that circulated from 2003 to 2022 in our country during epidemic upsurges and decreases of enteroviral morbidity. It was established that during this period there was a circulation of 44 different types of EVs belonging to the species Enterovirus B (97.8%), Enterovirus A (1.88%), Enterovirus C (0.9%), Enterovirus D (0.4 %). Among Enterovirus B viruses, Coxsackievirus B5, ECHO 30, and ECHO11 prevailed. During the years of epidemic rises of morbidity, the ECHO 30, ECHO 9 and ECHO 11 viruses were significantly more often identified (p< 0.001), while in the years of decreases Coxsackievirus B1, B2, B3 and B4 were detected more often (p< 0.001). ECHO 6 and Coxsackievirus B5 viruses were registered both during periods of epidemic ups and downs and were characterized by the maximum intratype genetic diversity, significantly greater than ECHO30, ECHO6 and ECHO 11 (p< 0.05). During the observation period, 9 genetic variants of ECHO 30, 6 – of ECHO 9, 3 – of ECHO 11, 6 – of ECHO 6 and 13 – of Coxsackievirus B5 were identified. An analysis of the genetic diversity of ECHO 30, 9, 11, 6, Coxsackie B5 viruses showed that the upsurges of enteroviral morbidity was accompanied by the maximum number of detected genetic variants and some of them were new to the country's population.
The data obtained indicate the multifactorial nature of the formation of the epidemic process and a significant contribution to its formation of the genetic diversity of pathogens.
Modeling and Parameter Identification of Spark Plug Deposit Formation Mechanism for Different Fuel/Lubricant Combination
Authors: Kushwaha Garima , Saraswati Samir , Paul Bireswar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The identification of model parameters is complex and requires many approximations and laboratory investigations. Here, a novel approach to identifying these parameters is proposed, which uses experimental data, and a parameter estimation method to minimize a cost function made up of errors between the predicted and experimental deposit thickness. Parameters are determined for various ethanol–gasoline mixtures and lubricants. Simultaneously, the thermal and electrical properties of deposits are studied, and this information, coupled with the identified parameters, is utilized to infer potential deposit formation sources, mechanisms, and other elements that will influence the characteristics of the spark plug. It is found that the deposit formation model along with the identified parameters has the potential to reliably estimate the deposit growth with time as good correlations have been observed between measured and predicted spark plug deposit mass for all fuels and lubricants. The thermal and electrical conductivity of the spark plug deposit increases with a high ethanol fraction and high viscous oil, which results in increased chances of side sparking.
Factors That Influence Meeting the Recommended Weekly Physical Activity Target Among Older People With Physical Multimorbidity: Evidence From 6 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Smith Lee , Yon Dong Keon , Butler Laurie , Kostev Karel , Brayne Carol , Barnett Yvonne , Underwood Benjamin R. , Shin Jae Il , Rahmati Masoud , Neufeld Sharon A.S. , Ragnhildstveit Anya , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: December 2023

Background: There is a scarcity of studies on the association between physical multimorbidity and lower levels of physical activity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries, while the potential mediating variables in this association are largely unknown. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health were analyzed. Data on 11 chronic physical conditions were collected. Scoring <150 minutes of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity per week was considered low physical activity. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analysis were done to assess associations and quality of life measures which might influence these associations. Results: Data on 14,585 people aged ≥65 years were analyzed (mean [SD] age 72.6 (11.5) y, maximum age 114 y; 55.0% women). After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with no chronic conditions, ≥3 conditions were associated with a significant 1.59 to 2.42 times higher odds for low physical activity. Finally, mobility mediated the largest proportion of the association between ≥3 chronic physical conditions and low physical activity (mediated percentage 50.7%), followed by activities of daily living disability (30.7%), cognition (24.0%), affect (23.6%), and pain/discomfort (22.0%). Conclusions: Physical multimorbidity was associated with higher odds for low physical activity among older adults residing in low- and middle-income countries. Mobility, disability, cognition, affect, and pain/discomfort explained the largest proportion of this association. Given the universal benefits of regular and sustained participation in physical activity, it would be prudent to implement interventions among older people with physical multimorbidity to increase levels of physical activity. Future studies should assess the impact of addressing the identified potential mediators among people with multimorbidity on physical activity levels.
A Bourdieusian Approach to Pain Management and Health in Professional Cricket
Authors: Read Daniel , Thomas Ivan , Smith Aaron C.T. , Skinner James 
Published: December 2023

Painkiller (mis)use in sport presents a range of potential health risks to athletes (e.g., injury exacerbation). There is a lack of qualitative data examining the sociological genesis of variations in attitudes toward painkiller use. Focusing on the concept of physical capital, this article explores how attitudes toward painkiller use among professional cricket players in England are socialized by their workplace. Attitudes toward painkiller (mis)use stem from field-level structures that foster employment vulnerability, ensuring physical capital is precarious and legitimating painkiller (mis)use as a method of protecting economic opportunities with the added benefit of accruing symbolic capital by demonstrating toughness. Based on the findings, this article advocates for a sociologically informed harm-reduction approach to pain management in elite sport.
5-Alkyloxymethyl Derivatives of 2ʹ-Deoxyuridine Bearing 2,4-Dinitrophenyl and Dansyl Groups: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Makarov D. A. , Oskolsky I. A. , Jasko M. V. , Solyev P. N. , Vasilyeva B. F. , Demiankova M. V. , Efremenkova O. V. , Kochetkov S. N. , Alexandrova L. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Condensation of 3ʹ,5ʹ-di-O-acetyl-5-bromomethyl-2ʹ-deoxyuridine with 6-trifluoroacetylaminohexan1-ol yielded 5-(6-trifluoroacetylaminohexyl-1-oxymethyl)-3ʹ,5ʹ-di- O-acetyl-2ʹ-deoxyuridine. Its deblocking with an aqueous alcoholic solution of ammonia gave 5-(6-aminohexyl-1-oxymethyl)-2ʹ-deoxyuridine, and condensation with triazole and 2-chlorophenyl phosphorodichloridate followed by treatment with an aqueous solution of ammonia led to the formation of 5-(6-aminohexyl-1-oxymethyl)-2ʹ-deoxycytidine. The interaction of the obtained compounds with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene or N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of N-2,4-dinitrophenylaminohexanoic acid or 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl glycine was used to synthesize DNP- and DNS-derivatives of 2ʹ-deoxyuridine as well as 5-(6-DNP-aminohexanoylaminohexyl-1-oxymethyl)-2ʹ-deoxycytidine. DNP derivatives of 2ʹ-deoxyuridine were shown to inhibit the growth of Micrococcus luteus.
Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Identification and Management of Frailty: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Karunananthan Sathya , Rahgozar Arya , Hakimjavadi Ramtin , Yan Hui , Dalsania Kunal A , Bergman Howard , Ghose Bishwajit , LaPlante Jim , McCutcheon Tess , McIsaac Daniel I , Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi Samira , Sourial Nadia , Thandi Manpreet , Wong Sabrina T , Liddy Clare 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionRapid population ageing and associated health issues such as frailty are a growing public health concern. While early identification and management of frailty may limit adverse health outcomes, the complex presentations of frailty pose challenges for clinicians. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential solution to support the early identification and management of frailty. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of current evidence regarding the development and use of AI technologies including machine learning and deep learning for the identification and management of frailty, this protocol outlines a scoping review aiming to identify and present available information in this area. Specifically, this protocol describes a review that will focus on the clinical tools and frameworks used to assess frailty, the outcomes that have been evaluated and the involvement of knowledge users in the development, implementation and evaluation of AI methods and tools for frailty care in clinical settings.Methods and analysisThis scoping review protocol details a systematic search of eight major academic databases, including Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Ageline, Web of Science, Scopus and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore using the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley and enhanced by Levacet aland the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search strategy has been designed in consultation with a librarian. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by full texts, for eligibility and then chart the data using a piloted data charting form. Results will be collated and presented through a narrative summary, tables and figures.Ethics and disseminationSince this study is based on publicly available information, ethics approval is not required. Findings will be communicated with healthcare providers, caregivers, patients and research and health programme funders through peer-reviewed publications, presentations and an infographic.Registration detailsOSF Registries (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/T54G8).
Diabetes distress as mediators of loneliness and health promotion behaviour: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Feiyang , Deng Lu , Guo Chunbo , Long Keyu , Xie Linlin , Yang Tingting , Lv Qian 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore whether diabetes distress mediated the relationship between loneliness and health promotion in older adults with diabetes.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals in Changsha, Hunan Province, China.ParticipantsThe sample included 140 patients with diabetes (65 years and older, mean age 72.6 years, SD=4.6).MethodsWe employed path models to analyse data on diabetes distress, loneliness and health promotion behaviours. We collected diabetes distress, loneliness and health promotion behaviour with self-reported questionnaires including the Diabetes Distress Scale, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale and the Elderly Health Promotion Scale from January 2022 to October 2022. Mediation analysis was performed by SPSS V.26.0’s PROCESS macro.ResultThe findings of this study indicated diabetes distress acted as a mediator between loneliness and health promotion behaviour. According to bootstrapping results, the total effect of loneliness on health promotion behaviour was significantly negative (β=−0.312, p=0.006). Loneliness significantly and negatively correlated with diabetes distress (β=−0.043, p<0.001), while diabetes distress significantly and negatively correlated with health promotion behaviours (β=−2.724, p=0.008). Both the indirect effect and the direct effect of loneliness on health promotion behaviour were significant.ConclusionOur study illustrated that loneliness was negatively associated with health promotion behaviours, and diabetes distress acted as a mediator in this relationship. It is suggested that healthcare providers should prioritise the identification and management of diabetes distress in older patients with diabetes who experience loneliness to improve health promotion behaviours and optimise disease management outcomes.
South Asian individuals’ experiences on the NHS low-calorie diet programme: a qualitative study in community settings in England
Authors: Dhir Pooja , Maynard Maria , Drew Kevin J , Homer Catherine Verity , Bakhai Chirag , Ells Louisa Jane 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundExisting literature examines barriers to the provision of ethnically diverse dietary advice, however, is not specific to total diet replacement (TDR). There is a lack of literature from the UK, limiting the potential applicability of existing findings and themes to the UK context. This study addresses this gap in research by interviewing participants of South Asian ethnicity who have undertaken the National Health Service (NHS) low-calorie diet programme (LCD) for people with type 2 diabetes living with overweight or obesity. This study explores factors that may affect the uptake and acceptability of its TDR, food reintroduction and weight maintenance stages. This aims to provide rich data that can inform effective tailoring of future programmes with South Asian participants.ObjectiveTo explore the perspectives of individuals of South Asian ethnicity on an NHS programme using TDR approaches for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignQualitative study.SettingIndividuals in the community undertaking the NHS LCD programme.ParticipantsTwelve one-to-one interviews were conducted with individuals from a South Asian ethnicity participating in the NHS LCD.Main outcome measuresQualitative semistructured interviews conducted through different stages of the programme. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcripts.ResultsKey themes highlighted positive and negative experiences of the programme: (1) more work is needed in the programme for person centeredness; (2) it is not the same taste; (3) needing motivation to make changes and feel better; (4) a mixed relationship with the coach; (5) social experiences; (6) culture-related experiences.ConclusionThis study provides important experience-based evidence of the need for culturally tailored T2D programmes. Action to address these findings and improve the tailoring of the NHS LCD may improve experience, retention and outcomes on the programme for people of South Asian ethnicity and thereby reduce inequalities.
Automated audit of hospital oxygen use devised during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: O'Driscoll Ronan , Bakerly Nawar Diar 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe British Thoracic Society (BTS) has organised intermittent audits of hospital oxygen use in UK hospitals since 2008. Manual audits are time-consuming and subject to human errors. Oxygen prescribing and bedside observations including National Early Warning Scores (NEWS2 scores) are undertaken within an integrated electronic medical record (EMR) at this hospital.MethodsThe hospital’s Business Information team were commissioned in late 2019 to devise a bespoke automated audit of oxygen prescribing and use. A summary report displays the oxygen saturation alongside the oxygen prescription status of every patient in the hospital except for critical care units which do not use NEWS2. The display has a ‘traffic-light’ colour scheme (green within target range, amber or red if below range or if above range on supplemental oxygen), with a graph showing oxygen use and saturation levels for patients with each prescribed target range. Clinicians can access raw data including oxygen saturation, oxygen device and flow rate for each individual patient.ResultsOver 51 audits involving 34 352 sets of observations, an average of 6.0% involved use of oxygen and 88.6% of these had a valid oxygen prescription. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020, the monthly percentage of observations involving oxygen use increased to a peak of 10.4% followed by a rise to 10.6% during the second wave and 7.4% during the third (Omicron) wave. Oxygen use returned to baseline after each wave.ConclusionsIn hospitals with integrated EMRs, it is possible to automate all fundamental aspects of the BTS oxygen audits and to monitor oxygen use at individual patient level and a hospital-wide level. This could be particularly valuable during major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This methodology could be extended to other clinical audits where the audit questions relate to routinely collected EMR data.
Role of palliative care intervention in patients with vulvar cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Allende Silvia Rosa , Salcedo-Hernandez Rosa , Dominguez Ocadio Georgina , Peña-Nieves Adriana , Isla-Ortiz David , Verástegui Emma L , Cabrera-Galeana Paula 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the experience of a Mexican cancer centre in vulvar cancer and the opportunity to incorporate palliative care (PC) during treatment.Patients and methodsA retrospective study of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of women with vulvar cancer referred to the PC service (PCS) between 2010 and 2021 is reported. Frequencies were estimated, as well as medians and IQRs, accordingly. Referral time and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results125 women with vulvar cancer were seen between 2010 and 2021, but only 42% were seen at PCS, mostly polysymptomatic, after several visits to the emergency room. 89% of the patients seen at PCS died at home.ConclusionsVulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer, while squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent type. At the time of referral, almost half of the patients had severe pain, bleeding, malodor, infection and urinary incontinence. Most of these patients lived in poverty, were poorly educated and had multiple surgeries. PC may play an important role in the care of patients with advanced vulvar cancer, relieving the physical and psychological symptoms, avoiding unnecessary hospitalisation and favouring death at home without pain and other symptoms.
PI3KCIIα-Dependent Autophagy Program Protects From Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Response to Low Shear Stress in Mice
Authors: Nasr Mouin , Fay Alexis , Lupieri Adrien , Malet Nicole , Darmon Anne , Zahreddine Rana , Swiader Audrey , Wahart Amandine , Viaud Julien , Nègre-Salvayre Anne , Hirsch Emilio , Monteyne Daniel , Perez-Morgà David , Dupont Nicolas , Codogno Patrice , Ramel Damien , Morel Etienne , Laffargue Muriel , Gayral Stephanie 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
The ability to respond to mechanical forces is a basic requirement for maintaining endothelial cell (ECs) homeostasis, which is continuously subjected to low shear stress (LSS) and high shear stress (HSS). In arteries, LSS and HSS have a differential impact on EC autophagy processes. However, it is still unclear whether LSS and HSS differently tune unique autophagic machinery or trigger specific autophagic responses in ECs.

METHODS:

Using fluid flow system to generate forces on EC and multiscale imaging analyses on ApoE
−/−
mice whole arteries, we studied the cellular and molecular mechanism involved in autophagic response to LSS or HSS on the endothelium.

RESULTS:

We found that LSS and HSS trigger autophagy activation by mobilizing specific autophagic signaling modules. Indeed, LSS-induced autophagy in endothelium was independent of the class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) VPS34 (vacuolar sorting protein 34) but controlled by the α isoform of class II PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase class II α [PI3KCIIα]). Accordingly, reduced PI3KCIIα expression in ApoE
−/−
mice (ApoE
−/−
PI3KCIIα
+/−
) led to EC dysfunctions associated with increased plaque deposition in the LSS regions. Mechanistically, we revealed that PI3KCIIα inhibits mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) activation and that rapamycin treatment in ApoE
−/−
PI3KCIIα
+/−
mice specifically rescue autophagy in arterial LSS regions. Finally, we demonstrated that absence of PI3KCIIα led to decreased endothelial primary cilium biogenesis in response to LSS and that ablation of primary cilium mimics PI3KCIIα-decreased expression in EC dysfunction, suggesting that this organelle could be the mechanosensor linking PI3KCIIα and EC homeostasis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data reveal that mechanical forces variability within the arterial system determines EC autophagic response and supports a central role of PI3KCIIα/mTORC1 axis to prevent EC dysfunction in LSS regions.
Comprehensive Integration of Multiple Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data Sets Defines Distinct Cell Populations and Their Phenotypic Changes in Murine Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sharma Disha , Worssam Matthew D. , Pedroza Albert J. , Dalal Alex R. , Alemany Haizea , Kim Hyun-Jung , Kundu Ramendra , Fischbein Michael P. , Cheng Paul , Wirka Robert , Quertermous Thomas 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
The application of single-cell transcriptomic (single-cell RNA sequencing) analysis to the study of atherosclerosis has provided unique insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms that mediate disease risk and pathophysiology. However, nonstandardized methodologies and relatively high costs associated with the technique have limited the size and replication of existing data sets and created disparate or contradictory findings that have fostered misunderstanding and controversy.

METHODS:
To address these uncertainties, we have performed a conservative integration of multiple published single-cell RNA sequencing data sets into a single meta-analysis, performed extended analysis of native resident vascular cells, and used in situ hybridization to map the disease anatomic location of the identified cluster cells. To investigate the transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells to macrophage phenotype, we have developed a classifying algorithm based on the quantification of reporter transgene expression.

RESULTS:
The reporter gene expression tool indicates that within the experimental limits of the examined studies, transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cell to the macrophage lineage is extremely rare. Validated transition smooth muscle cell phenotypes were defined by clustering, and the location of these cells was mapped to lesion anatomy with in situ hybridization. We have also characterized 5 endothelial cell phenotypes and linked these cellular species to different vascular structures and functions. Finally, we have identified a transcriptomically unique cellular phenotype that constitutes the aortic valve.

CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, these analyses resolve a number of outstanding issues related to differing results reported with vascular disease single-cell RNA sequencing studies, and significantly extend our understanding of the role of resident vascular cells in anatomy and disease.