bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA interference‐based exogenous double‐stranded RNAs confer resistance to Rhizoctonia solaniAG‐3 on Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Wang Yan , Guo Yi , Guo Shiping , Qi Lin , Li Bin , Jiang Lianqiang , Xu Chuantao , An Mengnan , Wu Yuanhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRhizoctonia solani Kühn is a pathogenic fungus causing tobacco target spot disease, and leads to great losses worldwide. At present, resistant varieties and effective control strategy on tobacco target spot disease are very limited. Host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) as well as the exogenous dsRNA can be used to suppress disease progression, and reveal the function of crucial genes involved in the growth and pathogenesis of the fungus.RESULTSThe silencing of endoPGs or RPMK1 in host plants by TRV‐based HIGS resulted in a significant reduction in disease development in Nicotiana benthamiana. In vitro analysis validated that red fluorescence signals were consistently observed in the hyphae treated with Cy3‐fluorescein‐labeled dsRNA at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h postinoculation (hpi). Additionally, application of dsRNA‐endoPGs, dsRNA‐RPMK1 and dsRNA‐PGMK (fusion of partial endoPGs and RPMK1 sequences) effectively inhibited the hyphal growth of R. solani YC‐9 in vitro and suppressed disease progression in the leaves, and quantitative real‐time PCR confirmed that the application of dsRNAs significantly reduced the expression levels of endoPGs and RPMK1.CONCLUSIONThese results provide theoretical basis and new direction for RNAi approaches on the prevention and control of disease caused by R. solani. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Structural insight into subunit F of respiratory chain complex I from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae inhibition by parthenolide
Authors: Li Lei , Zhou Qian , Li Linwei , Ran Tingting , Wang Weiwu , Liu Chenyang , Chen Jin , Sun Tiemin , Chen Yu , Feng Xu , Zhang Feng , Xu Shu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious diseases of rice, and there is a lack of bactericides for controlling this disease. We previously found parthenolide (PTL) is a potential lead for developing bactericides against Xoo, and subunit F of respiratory chain complex I (NuoF) is an important target protein of PTL. However, the binding modes of PTL with NuoF need further elucidation.RESULTSIn this study, we obtained the crystal structure of Xoo NuoEF (complex of subunit E and F of respiratory chain complex I) with a resolution of 2.36 Å, which is the first report on the protein structure of NuoEF in plant‐pathogenic bacteria. The possible binding sites of PTL with NuoF (Cys105 and Cys187) were predicted with molecular docking and mutated into alanine using a base mismatch method. The mutated proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified with affinity chromatography. The binding abilities of PTL with mutated proteins were investigated via pull‐down assay and BIAcore analysis, which revealed that double mutation of Cys105 and Cys187 in NuoF severely affected the binding ability of PTL with NuoF. In addition, the binding modes were further simulated with combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations, and the results indicated that PTL may have a stronger binding with Cys105 than Cys187.CONCLUSIONNuoEF protein structure of Xoo was resolved, and Cys105 and Cys187 in NuoF are important binding sites of PTL. This study further clarified the action mechanism of PTL against Xoo, and will promote the innovation of bactericides targeting Xoo complex I. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Parental education and neighbourhood‐effect heterogeneity in educational attainments of native and minority youth in Belgian metropolitan cities
Authors: Imeraj Lena , de Valk Helga A. G. , Gadeyne Sylvie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch has made significant contributions to our understanding of ethnic disparities in educational attainment, revealing amongst others the importance of parental and residential characteristics. Mixed empirical results, however, challenge the interpretation of why some ethnic groups face more difficulties in educational success than others, upholding contextual effects as a contested and inconclusive topic. This case study scrutinises the contextual underpinnings of ethnic diversity in the educational attainment of adolescents from various ethnic populations in Belgium's largest cities. Using full population individual‐level longitudinal census data (1991–2001), stratified multilevel ordinal models focus on the heterogeneous role of household characteristics – parental education and household composition – and neighbourhood characteristics – ethnic density, coethnic representation and deprivation – in young native and ethnic minority populations. While this Belgian case study shows that parental education and residential environment contribute to educational outcomes of all young adults in similar ways, it also points at two ethnic‐specific dynamics. First, contextual socioeconomic advantages are accumulated to a greater extent among native adolescents. Second, coethnic residential concentration shows a positive association with educational attainment for native and European‐origin children only. This paper reveals how the spatial separation of ethnic communities fosters differential opportunities for educational success, in particular for the most segregated population groups. If we want to better understand the complexities of native‐origin and minority youth embarking on differential educational trajectories, our study echoes the need for considering various sociospatial contexts in which people of different ethnic communities interact.
Mitochondrial‐targeted curcumin inhibits T‐cell activation via Nrf2 and inhibits graft‐versus‐host‐disease in a mouse model
Authors: Patwardhan Raghavendra S. , Gohil Dievya , Singh Babita , Kumar Binita K. , Purohit Vaitashi , Thoh Maikho , Checker Rahul , Gardi Nilesh , Gota Vikram , Kutala Vijay Kumar , Patwardhan Sejal , Sharma Deepak , Sandur Santosh K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnti‐inflammatory and immune suppressive agents are required to moderate hyper‐activation of lymphocytes under disease conditions or organ transplantation. However, selective disruption of mitochondrial redox has not been evaluated as a therapeutic strategy for suppression of T‐cell‐mediated pathologies. Using mitochondrial targeted curcumin (MitoC), we studied the effect of mitochondrial redox modulation on T‐cell responses by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptomics, and proteomics, and the role of Nrf2 was studied using Nrf2−/− mice. MitoC decreased mitochondrial TrxR activity, enhanced mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production, depleted mitochondrial glutathione, and suppressed activation‐induced increase in mitochondrial biomass. This led to suppression of T‐cell responses and metabolic reprogramming towards Treg differentiation. MitoC induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of Nrf2, leading to upregulation of Nrf2‐dependent genes and proteins. MitoC‐mediated changes in mitochondrial redox and modulation of T‐cell responses are abolished in Nrf2−/− mice. Restoration of mitochondrial thiols abrogated inhibition of T‐cell responses. MitoC suppressed alloantigen‐induced lymphoblast formation, inflammatory cytokines, morbidity, and mortality in acute graft‐versus‐host disease mice. Disruption of mitochondrial thiols but not mROS increase inculcates an Nrf2‐dependent immune‐suppressive disposition in T cells for the propitious treatment of graft‐versus‐host disease.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Triazole‐N‐acetamide Thiazole Derivatives for Selective Detection of Cymoxanil in Complex Samples
Authors: Ali Imdad , Khan Sarzamin , Ali Shah Zafar , Ahmed Farid , Shah Ismail , Hameed Abdul , Ullah Riaz , Raza Shah Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCymoxanil (CYM) is one of the most important fungicides for various vegetables and fruits. However, its routine detection is still expensive due to high‐cost equipment. In this context, the silver nanoparticle‐based colorimetric probe was synthesized using triazole‐N‐acetamide thiazole (TAT) derivative as a stabilizer. The triazole‐N‐ acetamide thiazole (TAT) derivative functionalized silver nanoparticles (TAT‐AgNPs) were used as a probe for selective, efficient, rapid and quantitative determination of CYM in tap and river water. The characterization of TAT‐AgNPs was accomplished through UV‐visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Zetasizer analysis. Highly sensitive surface plasmonic resonance band at 400 nm indicated complete reduction of Ag+ by using 1 : 15 (v/v) (TAT: AgNO3). The limit of detection (LOD), which corresponds to signal‐to‐noise ratio 3, is 0.013 μmol L−1, showed a linear response as a function of CYM concentration from 1 to 100 μM. Furthermore, the probe shows good selectivity when exposed to a series of interfering pesticides. TAT‐AgNPs were also spiked with blood plasma and the effects of relevant interfering studies were evaluated. The nanosensor detects the CYM tap water and river water samples. It confirmed that nanosensor can detect CYM in biological and environmental samples.
Construction of Hierarchical Films via Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Exfoliated Unilamellar Zeolite Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Sakai Nobuyuki , Ebina Yasuo , Kikuchi Takayuki , Grzybek Justyna , Roth Wieslaw J. , Gil Barbara , Ma Renzhi , Sasaki Takayoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractZeolites have been widely applied as versatile catalysts, sorbents, and ion exchangers with unique porous structures showing molecular sieving capability. In these years, it is reported that some layered zeolites can be delaminated into molecularly thin 2‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets characterized by inherent porous structures and highly exposed active sites. In the present study, two types of zeolite nanosheets with distinct porous structures with MWW topology (denoted mww) and ferrierite‐related structure (denoted bifer) are deposited on a substrate through the solution process via electrostatic self‐assembly. Alternate deposition of zeolite nanosheets with polycation under optimized conditions allows the layer‐by‐layer growth of their multilayer films with a stacking distance of 2–3 nm. Furthermore, various hierarchical structures defined at the unit‐cell dimensions can be constructed simply by conducting the deposition of mww and bifer nanosheets in a designed sequence. Adsorption of a dye, Rhodamine B, in these films, is examined to show that adsorption is dependent on constituent zeolite nanosheets and their assembled nanostructures. This work has provided fundamental advancements in the fabrication of artificial zeolite‐related hierarchical structures, which may be extended to other zeolite nanosheets, broadening their functionalities, applications, and benefits.
Advanced Polymers in Cathodes and Electrolytes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Song Zihui , Jiang Wanyuan , Li Borui , Qu Yunpeng , Mao Runyue , Jian Xigao , Hu Fangyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, which store energy through reversible redox reactions with multiple electron transfers, are seen as one of the promising energy storage systems of the future due to their outstanding advantages. However, the shuttle effect, volume expansion, low conductivity of sulfur cathodes, and uncontrollable dendrite phenomenon of the lithium anodes have hindered the further application of Li–S batteries. In order to solve the problems and clarify the electrochemical reaction mechanism, various types of materials, such as metal compounds and carbon materials, are used in Li–S batteries. Polymers, as a class of inexpensive, lightweight, and electrochemically stable materials, enable the construction of low‐cost, high‐specific capacity Li–S batteries. Moreover, polymers can be multifunctionalized by obtaining rich structures through molecular design, allowing them to be applied not only in cathodes, but also in binders and solid‐state electrolytes to optimize electrochemical performance from multiple perspectives. The most widely used areas related to polymer applications in Li–S batteries, including cathodes and electrolytes, are selected for a comprehensive overview, and the relevant mechanisms of polymer action in different components are discussed. Finally, the prospects for the practical application of polymers in Li–S batteries are presented in terms of advanced characterization and mechanistic analysis.
Engineering Assembly of Plasmonic Virus‐Like Gold SERS Nanoprobe Guided by Intelligent Dual‐Machine Nanodevice for High‐Performance Analysis of Tetracycline
Authors: Xu Xinlin , Li Tiantian , Liu Yue , Zhou Luxiao , Li Yingying , Luo Yu , Xu Yang , Zhao Lin , Song Weiling , Jiang Degang , He Peng , Zhou Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate detection of trace tetracyclines (TCs) in complex matrices is of great significance for food and environmental safety monitoring. However, traditional recognition and amplification tools exhibit poor specificity and sensitivity. Herein, a novel dual‐machine linkage nanodevice (DMLD) is proposed for the first time to achieve high‐performance analysis of TC, with a padlock aptamer component as the initiation command center, nucleic acid‐encoded multispike virus‐like Au nanoparticles (nMVANs) as the signal indicator, and cascade walkers circuit as the processor. The existence of spike vertices and interspike nanogaps in MVANs enables intense electromagnetic near‐field focusing, allowing distinct surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity. Moreover, through the sequential activation between multistage walker catalytic circuits, the DLMD system converts the limited TC recognition into massive engineering assemblies of SERS probes guided by DNA amplicons, resulting in synergistic enhancement of bulk plasmonic hotspot entities. The continuously guaranteed target recognition and progressively promoted signal enhancement ensure highly specific amplification analysis of TC, with a detection limit as low as 7.94 × 10−16 g mL−1. Furthermore, the reliable recoveries in real samples confirm the practicability of the proposed sensing platform, highlighting the enormous potential of intelligent nanomachines for analyzing the trace hazards in the environment and food.
Bifunctional Amorphous Transition‐Metal Phospho‐Boride Electrocatalysts for Selective Alkaline Seawater Splitting at a Current Density of 2A cm−2
Authors: Silviya R. , Bhide Aniruddha , Gupta Suraj , Bhabal Rinkoo , Mali Kishan H. , Bhagat Brajesh Rajesh , Spreitzer Matjaž , Dashora Alpa , Patel Nainesh , Fernandes Rohan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogen production by direct seawater electrolysis is an alternative technology to conventional freshwater electrolysis, mainly owing to the vast abundance of seawater reserves on earth. However, the lack of robust, active, and selective electrocatalysts that can withstand the harsh and corrosive saline conditions of seawater greatly hinders its industrial viability. Herein, a series of amorphous transition‐metal phospho‐borides, namely Co‐P‐B, Ni‐P‐B, and Fe‐P‐B are prepared by simple chemical reduction method and screened for overall alkaline seawater electrolysis. Co‐P‐B is found to be the best of the lot, requiring low overpotentials of ≈270 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), ≈410 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and an overall voltage of 2.50 V to reach a current density of 2 A cm−2 in highly alkaline natural seawater. Furthermore, the optimized electrocatalyst shows formidable stability after 10,000 cycles and 30 h of chronoamperometric measurements in alkaline natural seawater without any chlorine evolution, even at higher current densities. A detailed understanding of not only HER and OER but also chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) on the Co‐P‐B surface is obtained by computational analysis, which also sheds light on the selectivity and stability of the catalyst at high current densities.
English learners? Emergent bilinguals? Multilingual learners?: Goals, contexts, and consequences in labeling students
Authors: Kanno Yasuko , Rios‐Aguilar Cecilia , Bunch George C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this essay, the authors explore the dilemmas facing researchers, educators, and policymakers in how to refer to multilingual students who are deemed in need of language support in school. There is a growing concern with the label English learner, the term currently used in U.S. federal legislation, as focusing exclusively on students' English language acquisition and ignoring their multilingual resources. Alternative terms such as emergent bilingual and multilingual learner that underscore students' multilingual assets have become widespread alternatives. The authors argue that the critiques of the term English learner must be taken seriously. They also argue that, given that being classified as English learners in schools has material consequences for students' academic and occupational trajectories, this label cannot simply be wished away. In fact, debating over labels alone carries the danger of mislocating the primary site of struggle for equity and justice in the labels themselves, rather than in the systems that position and frame linguistically minoritized students in a deficit light in the first place. As researchers who have worked with this population for years, the authors, too, are grappling with how to refer to them. Each of them shares the dilemmas they have encountered, and they conclude by offering a multidimensional tool that might assist scholars, educators, and policymakers in reflecting on what is gained and lost by using different terms.
Stabilization in extensible thermoelastic Timoshenko microbeam based on modified couple stress theory
Authors: Aouadi Moncef , Passarella Francesca , Tibullo Vincenzo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article we derive the equations that constitute the nonlinear model of extensible thermoelastic Timoshenko microbeam. The constructed mathematical model is based on the modified couple stress theory which implies prediction of size dependent effects in microbeam resonators, by applying the Hamilton principle to full von Kármán equations. This takes account of the effects of extensibility where the dissipations are entirely contributed by temperature. Based on semigroups theory, we establish existence and uniqueness of weak and strong solutions to the derived problem. By an approach based on the Gearhart‐Herbst‐Prüss‐Huang theorem, we prove that the associated linear semigroup (without extensibility) is not analytic in general. In the absence of additional mechanical dissipations, the system is often not highly stable. Then by adding a damping frictional function to the first equation of the derived model and using the multiplier method, we show that the solutions decay exponentially under a condition on the physical coefficients.
Vectorial analogues of Cauchy’s surface area formula
Authors: Hug Daniel , Schneider Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCauchy’s surface area formula says that for a convex body K in n-dimensional Euclidean space, the mean value of the $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-dimensional volumes of the orthogonal projections of K to hyperplanes is a constant multiple of the surface area of K. We prove an analogous formula, with the volumes of the projections replaced by their moment vectors. This requires to introduce a new vector-valued valuation on convex bodies.
Ground States for Infrared Renormalized Translation-Invariant Non-Relativistic QED
Authors: Hasler David , Siebert Oliver 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe consider a translation-invariant Pauli–Fierz model describing a non-relativistic charged quantum mechanical particle interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field. The charged particle may be spinless or have spin one half. We decompose the Hamiltonian with respect to the total momentum into a direct integral of so-called fiber Hamiltonians. We perform an infrared renormalization, in the sense of norm resolvent convergence, for each fiber Hamiltonian, which has the physical interpretation of removing an infinite photon cloud. We show that the renormalized fiber Hamiltonians have a ground state for almost all values for the total momentum with modulus less than one.
The miniSLR: a low-budget, high-performance satellite laser ranging ground station
Authors: Hampf Daniel , Niebler Felicitas , Meyer Tristan , Riede Wolfgang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSatellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is an established technique providing very accurate position measurements of satellites in Earth orbit. However, despite decades of development, it remains a complex and expensive technology, which impedes its further growth to new applications and users. The miniSLR implements a complete SLR system within a small, transportable enclosure. Through this design, costs of ownership can be reduced significantly, and the process of establishing a new SLR site is greatly simplified. A number of novel technical solutions have been implemented to achieve a good laser ranging performance despite the small size and simplified design. Data from the initial six months of test operation have been used to generate a first estimation of the system performance. The data include measurements to many of the important SLR satellites, such as Lageos, Etalon and most of the geodetic and Earth observation missions in LEO. It is shown that the miniSLR achieves sub-centimetre accuracy, comparable with conventional SLR systems. The miniSLR is an engineering station in the International Laser Ranging Service and supplies data to the community. Continuous efforts are undertaken to further improve the system operation and stability.
L-DOPA and oxytocin influence the neural correlates of performance monitoring for self and others
Authors: Jansen Myrthe , Overgaauw Sandy , de Bruijn Ellen R. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rationale
The ability to monitor the consequences of our actions for others is imperative for flexible and adaptive behavior, and allows us to act in a (pro)social manner. Yet, little is known about the neurochemical mechanisms underlying alterations in (pro)social performance monitoring.

Objective
The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to improve our understanding of the role of dopamine and oxytocin and their potential overlap in the neural mechanisms underlying performance monitoring for own versus others’ outcomes.

Method
Using a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design, 30 healthy male volunteers were administered oxytocin (24 international units), the dopamine precursor L-DOPA (100 mg + 25 mg carbidopa), or placebo in three sessions. Participants performed a computerized cannon shooting game in two recipient conditions where mistakes resulted in negative monetary consequences for (1) oneself or (2) an anonymous other participant.

Results
Results indicated reduced error-correct differentiation in the ventral striatum after L-DOPA compared to placebo, independent of recipient. Hence, pharmacological manipulation of dopamine via L-DOPA modulated performance-monitoring activity in a brain region associated with reward prediction and processing in a domain-general manner. In contrast, oxytocin modulated the BOLD response in a recipient-specific manner, such that it specifically enhanced activity for errors that affected the other in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), a region previously implicated in the processing of social rewards and prediction errors. Behaviorally, we also found reduced target sizes—indicative of better performance—after oxytocin, regardless of recipient. Moreover, after oxytocin lower target sizes specifically predicted higher pgACC activity when performing for others.

Conclusions
These different behavioral and neural patterns after oxytocin compared to L-DOPA administration highlight a divergent role of each neurochemical in modulating the neural mechanisms underlying social performance monitoring.