bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misplacement of pacemaker leads: How to avoid and how to approach?
Authors: Erdem Almina , Torun Akin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe use of cardiac implantable electronic devices has increased in recent years due to factors such as a growing population, increased life expectancy, and improved access to healthcare services. In parallel with this trend, complications related to pacemakers have also increased. One of the most important and preventable complications among these is lead misplacement. Misplacement of a permanent pacemaker lead in the LV can lead to a variety of complications, including damage to the heart muscle, arrhythmias, blood clotes and cerebrovascular events. It is recommended to use the fluoroscopic 40° LAO view during implantation. That view clearly defines the interatrial and interventricular septum. Right bundle branch block pattern on ECG is an important clue to suspected misplaced lead. In addition to the postero‐anterior (PA) projection of x‐ray, the latero‐lateral (LL) projection provides a clearer view of lead malposition. In the LL view, the tip of an incorrectly positioned LV lead is characteristically directed toward the spine. If diagnosed soon after implantation, percutaneous lead extraction can reduce the risk of future thromboembolic events without the need for lifelong anticoagulation. It should be noted that in cases with a lead in the LV for a long time, lead removal is not the primary recommendation. Patient‐based approach should be fundamental.
Donor call simulation: A novel medical education tool to evaluate trainees’ clinical decision‐making in transplant infectious disease
Authors: Sigler Rachel , Wooten Darcy , Kumar Rebecca N. , Hand Jonathan , Marschalk Nicholas , Go Roderick , Prakash Katya , Stohs Erica , Schaenman Joanna , Law Nancy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating organ suitability for transplantation based on infection risk is a core competency in transplant infectious disease (TID). It is unclear if trainees have opportunities to practice during training. We created a simulation curriculum to develop and evaluate this skill among infectious disease (ID) trainees.MethodsWe created six simulation questions about organ suitability for transplant based on infection risk. During trainees’ TID rotations, faculty texted or paged the simulation cases posing as the transplant coordinator. Trainees had 15 min to ask questions before deciding the suitability of the organ and explained their clinical reasoning in a survey. Trainees completed a post‐simulation survey to evaluate its effectiveness.ResultsID trainees, including residents and fellows on rotation, from seven centers participated. Eighty‐seven percent (13/15) of trainees felt the simulation was effective in teaching them this concept, and 80% (12/15) felt prepared for clinical practice. The proportion of correct responses was generally high among the six different cases (43%–100%); correct responses increased for some cases in the post‐activity survey. Of the 100 clinical reasoning decisions made during the activity, 19% were discordant, where the trainee correctly identified suitable organs for incorrect reasons.ConclusionOur simulation was effective in teaching when to accept or reject an organ for transplant and was a valuable educational tool. By evaluating clinical reasoning for decisions our simulation provides educators with nuanced insight and allows for targeted coaching. This study demonstrates a critical need for further educational tools in TID.
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Ajustando as Lentes para Abusos de Posição Dominante Relacionados a Dados
Authors: Zingales Nicolo 
Published: November 2023

Apesar da proliferação de debates sobre o papel dos dados na concorrência e, particularmente, seu impacto no poder de mercado, as empresas ainda carecem de uma estrutura orientadora para determinar quando o uso de um conjunto específico de dados pode dar origem a um abuso de posição dominante. Este artigo dá alguns passos para a definição desse quadro, utilizando como estudo de caso duas investigações abertas pela autoridade de concorrência brasileira relativas a fintech. Mostra que as autoridades de concorrência enfrentam dificuldades em analisar casos usando as lentes dos testes jurídicos tradicionais, e propõe conceitos e métodos alternativos que podem servir de inspiração para futuras avaliações de abusos relacionados a dados.
Le Trasformazioni Del Lavoro E La Tendenza Espansiva Delle Tutele Nel Diritto Del Lavoro Italiano
Authors: Nuzzo Valeria 
Published: November 2023

l’A. parte dalle trasformazioni del lavoro, in particolare quelle determinate dall’uso di sistemi di I.A., che hanno determinato una “spazzamento” del diritto del lavoro e una riduzione dei confini della sua materia, per sottolineare come il legislatore italiano abbia reagito ad esse, recuperando (ed anzi ampliando) il campo di applicazione delle garanzie lavoristiche, oggi esteso a tutte quelle prestazioni prevalentemente personali funzionalmente inserite in una organizzazione altrui per il perseguimento del fine economico dell’imprenditore.

PAROLE CHIAVE: Subordinazione; Tutele del lavoro; Lavoro etero-organizzato; Riders.
Acordos De Distribuição Exclusiva No Contexto Da Economia Digital
Authors: Padilla Jorge , Sarmento Bernardo , Vasconcelos Helder 
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo investiga os efeitos concorrenciais dos acordos de distribuição exclusiva no contexto da economia digital. Ao analisar as principais conclusões da literatura económica existente sobre o tema, bem como a jurisprudência relevante na União Europeia, concluímos que, embora este tipo de contratos possa conduzir ao encerramento do mercado, aumentando as barreiras à entrada e/ou contribuindo para aumentar os custos dos rivais, a exclusividade pode também criar importantes possibilidades de concorrência, o que complica a aplicação da política de concorrência. Em primeiro lugar, a concorrência pela exclusividade deve ser entendida um meio primordial de diferenciação entre as plataformas digitais, uma vez que leva as plataformas a competir entre si para criar uma oferta diferenciada, reforçando assim (em vez de reduzir) a concorrência inter-marcas e os esforços de inovação. Em segundo lugar, num cenário de ausência de contratos de exclusividade, os investimentos das plataformas estão potencialmente sujeitos efeito carona (free-riding effect) por parte de plataformas rivais não comprometidas com a realização de investimentos, o que implica que os acordos de negociação exclusiva podem servir objetivos de eficiência, protegendo os investimentos específicos do titular do direito exclusivo contra o comportamento oportunista dos concorrentes. Por conseguinte, a única forma sensata de abordar a avaliação concorrencial da adoção de contratos de exclusividade em mercados digitais é uma abordagem baseada numa análise caso a caso, concentrada em procurar o equilíbrio regulatório adequado entre a garantia de uma concorrência saudável, por um lado, e a proteção dos interesses dos consumidores, por outro, num ambiente cada vez mais digitalizado e dinâmico em que a inovação e a capacidade de diferenciar as ofertas desempenham um papel fundamental. O artigo também apresenta uma aplicação ao mercado brasileiro de entrega de comida online.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mercados e plataformas digitais; Cláusulas de exclusividade; Condutas unilaterais de caráter potencialmente exclusionário.
Para Além do Horizontal e do Vertical
Authors: Oliveira Fernandes Victor 
Published: November 2023

O artigo analisa quatro novas teorias de dano concorrencial relacionadas a fusões de empresas de tecnologia discutidas recentemente em decisões do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), quais sejam: (i) concentração de dados, (ii) degradação do acesso a dados; (iii) obtenção de informações concorrencialmente sensíveis de rivais e (iv) enclausuramento de ecossistemas digitais. Argumenta-se que, apesar de tangenciarem preocupações tradicionais com fusões verticais e conglomeradas, essas teorias podem ganhar autonomia conceitual. O CADE tem adaptado parcialmente suas metodologias para avaliar estratégias de fechamento de acesso por grandes plataformas digitais. À medida que fusões nesse setor se tornem mais comuns, espera-se um refinamento contínuo do arcabouço analítico antitruste para o controle de estruturas.

Palavras-chave: antitruste; fusões; economia digital; plataformas; teorias do dano
Open-Loop Control Co-Design of Semisubmersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Using Linear Parameter-Varying Models
Authors: Sundarrajan Athul K. , Hoon Lee Yong , Allison James T. , Zalkind Daniel S. , Herber Daniel R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses a framework to design elements of the plant and control systems for floating offshore wind turbines in an integrated manner using linear parameter-varying models. Multiple linearized models derived from aero-elastic simulation software in different operating regions characterized by the incoming wind speed are combined to construct an approximate low-fidelity model of the system. The combined model is then used to generate open-loop, optimal control trajectories as part of a nested control co-design strategy that explores the system’s power production and stability using the platform pitch tilt as a proxy in the context of crucial plant and control design decisions. The radial distance between the central and outer columns and the diameter of the outer columns of the semisubmersible platform are the plant design variables. The platform stability and power production are studied for different plant design decisions. The effect of plant decisions on subsequent power production and stability response of the floating wind turbine is quantified in terms of the levelized cost of energy. The results show that the inner-loop constraints and the plant design decisions affect the turbine’s power and, subsequently, the cost of the system.
MicroRNA-146b protects kidney injury during urinary tract infections by modulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Wang Changying , Cheng Hongyan , Yan Fenglian , Zhang Hui , Zhang Junfeng , Li Chunxia , Zhao Mingsheng , Shi Dongmei , Xiong Huabao 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC) can lead to severe kidney injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological process of kidney injury are still incompletely understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that microRNA-146b (miR-146b) deficiency aggravates kidney injury during UTIs caused by UPEC. In a mouse kidney infection model utilizing urosepsis isolate CFT073, we found that miR-146b expression significantly increased in the early stages of UPEC infection. Also, miR-146b-deficient mice displayed exacerbated inflammation in the kidney injury with severe M1 macrophage infiltration. Additionally, the results showed that miR-146b targeted interferon regulatory factor 5-regulated M1 macrophage polarization during UTIs. The results suggested that miR-146b contributed significantly to the control of kidney damage during UTIs, highlighting that miR-146b might be used as a novel therapeutic target for treating kidney injury during UTIs.

IMPORTANCE

Kidney injury during acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC) is an important public health problem. However, how kidney injury develops during UPEC infection is still unclear. Although antibiotic therapy is currently an effective treatment for UTI, it cannot avoid kidney injury. MicroRNAs have gained extensive attention as essential molecules capable of regulating the autoimmune response. Among these, microRNA-146b (miR-146b) is involved in regulating inflammatory responses. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-146b played an essential role in the development of kidney injury during UTIs caused by UPEC. The results showed that miR-146b may suppress M1 macrophage polarization and alleviate acute kidney injury. Furthermore, the miR-146b activator, agomir, in order to upregulate miR-146b, was effective in treating kidney damage by inhibiting the activation of M1 macrophages. In conclusion, our findings elucidated the mechanisms by which miR-146b alleviated kidney injury induced by UTIs, shed new light on the relationship between microRNA and bacterial infection, and provided a novel therapeutic target for treating this common bacterial infection.
Mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow raise infectivity of
Plasmodium falciparum
gametocytes
Authors: Suresh Ragavan Varadharajan , Deng Bingbing , Gebremicale Yonas , Roche Kyle , Miura Kazutoyo , Long Carole 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium falciparum
is a parasite that causes the deadly human disease, malaria, and exhibits a complex life cycle in human and mosquito hosts. In the sexual stages of the parasite, gametocytes mature in the human body and propagate malaria when they are picked up by mosquitoes to infect new hosts. Previous research has shown that gametocytes home to the bone marrow of the host, where they complete their maturation and alter the behavior of resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we investigated the alternate side of this host-pathogen interaction, whether MSCs could alter the behavior of gametocytes. Gametocytes were co-cultured with MSCs until maturity and subsequently fed to mosquitoes to measure the oocysts produced. Here, we report, for the first time, that MSCs co-culture significantly elevated oocyst numbers in the infected mosquito compared to conventional culture medium. This enhancement appeared to be most effective during the early stages of gametocyte development and was not replicated by other cell types. MSC co-culture also increased the infectivity of field isolated
P. falciparum
parasites. This effect was partially mediated by soluble factor(s) as conditioned medium harvested from MSCs could also partially raise infectivity of gametocytes to nearly half compared to MSC co-culture. Together, this study reveals novel host-pathogen interactions, where the human MSCs are elevating the infectivity of malaria gametocytes.

IMPORTANCE

While prior research has established that
Plasmodium
gametocytes sequester in the bone marrow and can influence resident stem cells, the question of why they would choose this compartment and these cells remained a mystery. This study, for the first time, shows that being in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alters the biology of the
P. falciparum
parasite and makes it more infectious to mosquitoes, hinting at novel mechanisms in its life cycle. This method also facilitates mosquito infections with field isolated parasites, affording research teams new infection models with parasites, which are challenging to infect into mosquitos using conventional culture methods. Finally, our findings that MSC-conditioned medium can also raise infectivity open avenues of investigation into mechanisms involved but can also serve as a practical tool for researchers hoping to increase oocyst yields.
An unexpected, pH-sensitive step of the enterovirus D68 lifecycle
Authors: Aponte-Diaz David , Vogt Matthew R. , Cameron Craig E. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) contributes significantly to pathogen-induced respiratory illnesses and severe neurological disorders like acute flaccid myelitis. We lack EV-D68 preventive measures, and knowledge of its molecular and cellular biology is incomplete. Multiple studies have highlighted the role of membrane compartments and autophagy during picornavirus multiplication. Galitska et al. found that EV-D68 also exploits cellular autophagic compartments and relies on autophagic machinery as pro-viral factors (G. Galitska, A. Jassey, M. A. Wagner, N. Pollack, et al., mBio e02141-23, 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02141-23
). Surprisingly, failure of the autophagic compartment to acidify early during EV-D68 infection causes a delay in RNA synthesis that has not been reported for other enteroviruses. This delay appears to reflect the inability of viral proteins 2B and 3A to engage membranes stably, leading to their degradation in the cytoplasm. Observations like this underscore the importance of studying individual members of the virus genus. It will be interesting to understand how this phenomenon connects to EV-D68 pathogenesis, if at all.
Mechanosensation induces persistent bacterial growth during bacteriophage predation
Authors: Mason Guy , Footer Matthew J. , Rojas Enrique R. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Although the relationship between bacteria and lytic bacteriophage is fundamentally antagonistic, these microbes not only coexist but thrive side by side in myriad ecological environments. The mechanisms by which coexistence is achieved, however, are not fully understood. By examining
Escherichia coli
and bacteriophage T7 population dynamics at the single-cell and single-virion level using a novel microfluidics assay, we observed bacteria growing “persistently” when perfused with high-titer bacteriophage. Bacteriophage persistence occurred at a frequency five orders of magnitude higher than is expected from the natural selection of bacteriophage-resistant mutants. Rather, the frequency of persistence was correlated with the degree to which the bacteria were mechanically compressed by the microfluidic perfusion chamber. Using a combination of mutagenesis and fluorescent imaging techniques, we discovered that compression induces persistence by activating the Rcs phosphorelay pathway, which results in the synthesis of extracellular capsule that sterically blocks bacteriophage adsorption. Other forms of mechanical perturbation also promoted Rcs activity and persistence. These findings have important implications for our understanding of microbial ecology in many important environments, including the gut and the soil, where bacteria grow in confinement.

IMPORTANCE

Bacteria and bacteriophage form one of the most important predator-prey relationships on earth, yet how the long-term stability of this ecological interaction is achieved is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that
Escherichia coli
can rapidly grow during bacteriophage predation if they are doing so in spatially confined environments. This discovery revises our understanding of bacteria-bacteriophage population dynamics in many real-world environments where bacteria grow in confinement, such as the gut and the soil. Additionally, this result has clear implications for the potential of bacteriophage therapy and the role of mechanosensation during bacterial pathogenesis.
Transcriptome data sets of free-living diplomonads,
Trepomonas
sp. and
Hexamita
sp.
Authors: Kume Keitaro , Gen Tsubasa , Abe Kazutaka , Komatsuzaki Hiroshi , Yazaki Euki , Tanifuji Goro , Kamikawa Ryoma , Inagaki Yuji , Hashimoto Tetsuo 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Most species belonging to the diplomonad genera,
Trepomonas
and
Hexamita
, are considered to have secondarily adapted to free-living lifestyles from the parasitic ancestor. Here, we report the annotated transcriptome data of
Trepomonas
sp. NIES-1444 and
Hexamita
sp. NIES-1440, the analysis of which will provide insights into the lifestyle transitions.
Complete genome sequencing and annotation of
Rhodomicrobium vannielii
strain DSM166 suggest affiliation to
Rhodomicrobium lacus
Authors: Müller Frank D. , Schüler Dirk , Weig Alfons 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Rhodomicrobium vannielii
is a multicellular and differentiating member of the order Hyphomicrobiales in the class Alphaproteobacteria. Here, we report the complete genome of strain DSM166 obtained by PacBio SMRT sequencing. The results suggest that this strain is closely related to
Rhodomicrobium lacus
.
Research priorities for the primordial prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease by modifying the social determinants of health
Authors: Baker Michael G , Masterson Mary Y , Shung-King Maylene , Beaton Andrea , Bowen Asha C , Bansal Geetha P , Carapetis Jonathan R 
Published: November 2023

The social determinants of health (SDH), such as access to income, education, housing and healthcare, strongly shape the occurrence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) at the household, community and national levels. The SDH are systemic factors that privilege some more than others and result in poverty and inequitable access to resources to support health and well-being. Primordial prevention is the modification of SDH to improve health and reduce the risk of disease acquisition and the subsequent progression to RHD. Modifying these determinants using primordial prevention strategies can reduce the risk of exposure to Group A Streptococcus, a causative agent of throat and skin infections, thereby lowering the risk of initiating ARF and its subsequent progression to RHD.This report summarises the findings of the Primordial Prevention Working Group-SDH, which was convened in November 2021 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to assess how SDH influence the risk of developing RHD. Working group members identified a series of knowledge gaps and proposed research priorities, while recognising that community engagement and partnerships with those with lived experience will be integral to the success of these activities. Specifically, members emphasised the need for: (1) global analysis of disease incidence, prevalence and SDH characteristics concurrently to inform policy and interventions, (2) global assessment of legacy primordial prevention programmes to help inform the co-design of interventions alongside affected communities, (3) research to develop, implement and evaluate scalable primordial prevention interventions in diverse settings and (4) research to improve access to and equity of services across the RHD continuum. Addressing SDH, through the implementation of primordial prevention strategies, could have broader implications, not only improving RHD-related health outcomes but also impacting other neglected diseases in low-resource settings.
Association between social isolation and loneliness with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional internet survey
Authors: Ukai Tomohiko , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesWe examined the association between social isolation and loneliness, increasingly recognised but neglected social determinants of health, with being unvaccinated against COVID-19.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA representative cohort of 22 756 individuals (aged 15–81 years) from the general Japanese population who responded to both the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey 2021 and Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey 2022.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe calculated the ORs of remaining unvaccinated against COVID-19 in 2022, attributable to social isolation as assessed by the Lubben Social Network Scale, or loneliness as evaluated by the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale version 3. Reasons for abstaining from vaccination were solicited from the unvaccinated respondents. A multivariable logistic regression model was conducted with adjustments for demographic variables. Propensity score-matched comparisons were conducted as part of the sensitivity analysis.ResultsIndividuals with social isolation were more likely to be unvaccinated (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.60), while individuals with loneliness were not (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.05). Socially isolated individuals were significantly less likely to receive information from people who had been vaccinated (11% vs 15%) and less likely not to trust the vaccine approval process (19% vs 27%) compared with those who were not socially isolated.ConclusionsDespite not harbouring negative perceptions of the vaccine, socially isolated individuals exhibited lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination. Socially isolated individuals are important targets to reach to increase the number of vaccinated individuals.