bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel type II classical cadherin: Rat cadherin19 is expressed in the cranial ganglia and Schwann cell precursors during development
Authors: Takahashi Masanori , Osumi Noriko 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTo identify a novel type II classical cadherin, we searched the genome database and found rat cadherin19 (cad19) with high similarity to human cadherin19. We also found nucleotide sequences corresponding to rat cad19 in mouse and chicken genomes. In situ hybridization of rat cad19 revealed that rat cad19 mRNA was initially expressed in cephalic neural crest cells, and then in the cranial ganglia, migrating trunk neural crest cells, the nascent dorsal root ganglia, and the sympathetic ganglia. Expression of cad19 overlapped with that of neural crest markers, including Sox10 and AP‐2, but cad19 expression was confined to subpopulations of the neural crest‐derived cells, those typically observed in the satellite glia at the periphery of the ganglia and Schwann cell precursors along the peripheral nerves. cad19 mRNA was not detected in cells expressing Phox2b, an epibranchial placode‐derived neurons, nor in those expressing neuronal markers such as Hu protein. These observations suggest that cad19 is expressed in neural crest‐derived, non‐neuronal cells. Although the expression of cad19 mRNA persisted in Schwann cell precursors at E14.5, it was no longer detected in maturing Schwann cells at later stages. These results suggest that cad19 is an evolutionarily conserved cadherin and may be involved in the early development of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 232:200–208, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular invasion of the chicken corneal stroma during development: Regulation by multiple matrix metalloproteases and the lens
Authors: Fitch John M. , Kidder J. Michael , Linsenmayer Thomas F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAvian corneal development requires cellular invasion into the acellular matrix of the primary stroma. Previous results show that this invasion is preceded by the removal of the fibril‐associated type IX collagen, which possibly stabilizes matrices through interfibrillar cross‐bridges secured by covalent crosslinks. In the present study, we provide evidence for the expression of three matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in early corneas, two of which act cooperatively to selectively remove type IX collagen in situ. In organ cultures, MMP inhibitors (either TIMP‐2 or a synthetic inhibitor) resulted in arrested development, in which collagen IX persisted, and the stroma remained compact and acellular. We also show that blocking covalent crosslinking of collagen allows for cellular invasion to occur, even when the removal of type IX collagen is prevented. Thus, one factor regulating corneal invasion is the physical structure of the matrix, which can be modified by either selective proteolysis or reducing interfibrillar cross‐bridges. We also detected another level of regulation of cellular invasion involving inhibition by the underlying lens. This block, which seems to influence invasive behavior independently of matrix modification, is a transient event that is released in ovo just before invasion proceeds. Developmental Dynamics 232:106–118, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aerogel and Xerogel Catalysts Based on θ‐Alumina Doped with Silicon for High Temperature Reactions
Authors: Popa Aurelien Florin , Courthéoux Laurence , Gautron Eric , Rossignol Sylvie , Kappenstein Charles 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNumerous materials (supports and catalysts) based on alumina have been prepared using the sol‐gel process and carbon dioxide supercritical drying. In this work two types of solids, i.e. xerogels and aerogels, were systematically compared and a way of introducing platinum metal with a content of 5% percent by weight was examined. The structural data, the surface area, Pt dispersion and catalytic activity for the decomposition of the propellant were measured for the various samples. The (Al2O3)0.88(SiO2)0.12 samples prepared show very interesting porosity values, especially for the aerogel. For this reason, they were chosen as supports for the synthesis of 5 wt% platinum on alumina catalysts. The results presented in this work allowed us to obtain an overall view of the influence of the preparation mode on the properties of platinum on alumina supported catalysts. The dispersion of the metal phase is directly dependent on the specific surface of the support. A significant value for the surface area implies a large amount of centers for interaction with the metal precursor and, consequently, the appearance of more centres of simultaneous germination. Although aerogels obtained by carbon dioxide supercritical drying always show superior properties compared with xerogels, for catalytic decompositions the xerogels still remain superior. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A cladistic analysis of the Iranian species of the genus Veronica (Scrophulariaceae) with emphasis on the patterns of homoplasy
Authors: Saeidi‐Mehrvarz Shahryar , Zarre Shahin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA cladistic analysis of the genus Veronica was performed using 36 morphological characters. 29 species including three outgroups from related genera and 26 species as representatives of natural groups within Veronica distributed mainly in Iran were selected for the analysis. For determination of character polarity the taxa Digitalis nervosa, Wulfenia amherstiana and Veronicastrum virginicum are used as outgroups. Based on the cladistic analysis the patterns of homoplasy are discussed for all applied characters. The analysis shows that most of the morphological characters exhibit high level of homoplasy and are not enough reliable for subgeneric classification in Veronica. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Leaf fungi of two wild plants in Assiut, Egypt
Authors: Hemida S. K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLeaves of two wild species of the flora of Egypt:Calotropis procera(Ait.) Ait.,Asclepiadaceae andChrozophora plicata(Vahl) A.Juss. exSpreng., Euphorbiaceae have been studied morphologically and mycologically, in addtion to air borne fungi. Fifty five species and two varieties belonging to 26 genera of phyllosphere and phylloplane fungi were isolated from both plant species on glucose‐ and cellulose‐agar media. Mycological analysis was done monthly over six months (July to December, 2003).Alternariaalternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavusandA. nigerwere the basic fungal species found on leaf surfaces. Phylloplane ofC. plicatacaught specificallyChaetomiumglobosum, C. spirale, Cochliobolus lunatus, Drechslera halodes, Fusarium incarnatum,F. oxysporum, Memnoniella echinataandPapulaspora sepedonioides.The total counts of phyllosphere fungi ofC. plicatawere nearly twice as much as those ofC. proceraregardless medium's type.Forty species and one variety belonging to 22 genera of air borne fungi were recovered all over the experimental period (six months).Alternaria, Aspergillus,CladosporiumandPenicilliumwere the most frequently isolated species. The presented results revealed that, leaf shape and density (hair density and type) may be the most important factors of the biodiversity of the fungal species on the studied taxa. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular and functional comparison of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the novel vitamin D receptor ligand, lithocholic acid, in activating transcription of cytochrome P450 3A4
Authors: Jurutka Peter W. , Thompson Paul D. , Whitfield G. Kerr , Eichhorst Kristina R. , Hall Neal , Dominguez Carlos Encinas , Hsieh Jui‐Cheng , Haussler Carol A. , Haussler Mark R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds to and mediates the effects of the 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) hormone to alter gene transcription. A newly recognized VDR ligand is the carcinogenic bile acid, lithocholic acid (LCA). We demonstrate that, in HT‐29 colon cancer cells, both LCA and 1,25(OH)2D3 induce expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), an enzyme involved in cellular detoxification. We also show that LCA‐VDR stimulates transcription of gene reporter constructs containing DR3 and ER6 vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) from the human CYP3A4 gene. Utilizing gel mobility shift, pulldown, and mammalian two‐hybrid assays, we observe that: (i) 1,25(OH)2D3 enhances retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimerization with VDR more effectively than LCA, (ii) the 1,25(OH)2D3‐liganded VDR‐RXR heterodimer recruits full‐length SRC‐1 coactivator, whereas this interaction is minimal with LCA unless LXXLL‐containing fragments of SRC‐1 are employed, and (iii) both 1,25(OH)2D3 and LCA enhance the binding of VDR to DRIP205/mediator, but unlike 1,25(OH)2D3‐VDR, LCA‐VDR does not interact detectably with NCoA‐62 or TRIP1/SUG1, suggesting a different pattern of LCA‐VDR comodulator association. Finally, residues in the human VDR (hVDR) ligand binding domain (LBD) were altered to create mutants unresponsive to 1,25(OH)2D3‐ and/or LCA‐stimulated transactivation, identifying S237 and S225/S278 as critical for 1,25(OH)2D3 and LCA action, respectively. Therefore, these two VDR ligands contact distinct residues in the binding pocket, perhaps generating unique receptor conformations that determine the degree of RXR and comodulator binding. We propose that VDR is a bifunctional regulator, with the 1,25(OH)2D3‐liganded conformation facilitating high affinity endocrine actions, and the LCA‐liganded configuration mediating local, lower affinity cellular detoxification by upregulation of CYP3A4 in the colon. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 917–943, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced‐size polarized basis sets for calculations of molecular electric properties. II. Simulation of the Raman spectra
Authors: Oakes Roma E. , Bell Steven E. J. , Benkova Zuzana , Sadlej Andrzej J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe accuracies of the calculated vibrational frequencies and Raman intensities given by two new, highly compact Pol‐type basis sets, Z2PolX and Z3PolX, have been determined and compared to the 6‐31G(d), PolX, and aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis sets. Calculation of accurate Raman intensities has previously required large basis sets, but the ZmPolX basis sets are smaller even than PolX, which are the most compact basis sets able to calculate accurate Raman intensities. For the largest compound studied, C5H10O2, Z3PolX required more than an order of magnitude less CPU time than PolX, which has been shown to be 10 times faster than aug‐cc‐pVTZ. Two sets of test molecules were studied: one was a series of small molecules for which experimental values for absolute Raman activities were available; the second was a series of medium‐sized molecules (mainly common organic solvents) where only relative Raman band intensities were available. The accuracies of the Raman intensities given by both of the ZmPolX basis sets were good compared to those of the PolX and aug‐cc‐pVTZ sets, and much better than the 6‐31G(d) values. The errors in even unscaled frequency values <2000 cm−1 were also acceptable and were slightly lower for Z3PolX than Z2PolX (30 cm−1 vs. 48 cm−1). The combination of good intensity and frequency data meant that for the medium‐sized organic molecules there was a close correspondence between the simulated Raman spectra and experimental data, and that the observed bands could easily be assigned on the basis of these calculations. Achieving this level of accuracy in the simulations at modest computational cost should now allow computational methods to be combined with experimental Raman studies much more widely than is currently the case. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 154–159, 2005
Removal of Pb(II) from solution using cellulose‐containing materials
Authors: Shukla SR , Pai Roshan S 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe potential of cheap cellulose‐containing natural materials such as coir, jute, sawdust and groundnut shells for removal for Pb(II) from aqueous solution of lead nitrate was assessed before and after modifying them with a monochlorotriazine type of dye. The materials showed enhanced adsorption capacity of Pb(II) due to the specific dye loading. This was attributed to chelation and an ion exchange mechanism. The maximum cation uptake values obtained were 0.127, 0.087, 0.090, and 0.106 mmol g−1 for coir, sawdust, jute and groundnut shell in their dyed forms, respectively. The kinetics of both undyed and dyed coir was analysed and the second order rate equation was observed to provide the best correlation of the experimental data. Adsorption isotherm models were developed. The best fit was obtained in the Langmuir model. When subjected to repeated adsorption–desorption cycles, with an intermediate step of mild sodium hydroxide treatment, both dyed and undyed coir retained its adsorptive capacity even after five cycles of reuse. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined radiation therapy and dendritic cell vaccine for treating solid tumors with liver micro‐metastasis
Authors: Chen Zhuang , Xia Dajing , Bi Xuguang , Saxena Anurag , Sidhu Narinder , El‐Gayed Ali , Xiang Jim 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackgroundTumor metastasis and relapse are major obstacles in combating human malignant diseases. Neither radiotherapy alone nor injection of dendritic cells (DCs) can successfully overcome this problem. Radiation induces tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis, resulting in the release of tumor antigen and danger signals, which are favorable for DC capturing antigens and maturation. Hence, the strategy of combined irradiation and DC vaccine may be a novel approach for treating human malignancies and early metastasis.MethodsTo develop an effective combined therapeutic approach, we established a novel concomitant local tumor and liver metastases model through subcutaneous (s.c.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection. We selected the optimal time for DC injection after irradiation and investigated the antitumor effect of combining irradiation with DC intratumoral injection and the related mechanism.ResultsCombined treatment with radiotherapy and DC vaccine could induce a potent antitumor immune response, resulting in a significant decrease in the rate of local tumor relapse and the numbers of liver metastases. The related mechanisms for this strong antitumor immunity of this combined therapy might be associated with the production of apoptotic and necrotic tumor antigens and heat shock proteins after irradiation, phagocytosis, migration and maturation of DCs, and induction of more efficient tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity through a cross‐presentation pathway.ConclusionsCo‐administration of local irradiation and intratumoral DC injection may be a promising strategy for treating radiosensitive tumors and eliminating metastasis in the clinic. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of indigoid dyes in natural organic pigments used in historical art objects by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Puchalska Maria , Połeć‐Pawlak Kasia , Zadrożna Irmina , Hryszko Helena , Jarosz Maciej 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPigments are among the most important components of historical paintings and textiles and their nature provides the unique character of color. They can be divided into two main groups: inorganic and organic, extracted from plants or animals. Their identification is a necessary stage in the conservation of art objects. Reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and UV/visible spectrophotometric methods were elaborated for the identification of indigoid (indigo, indirubin, isoindigo, isoindirubin) color components of natural dyestuffs and their natural or synthetic precursors (indican, isatin, indoxyl, 2‐indolinone). ES‐MS offers detection limits in the range 0.03–5.00 µg ml−1 for the color compounds examined. The method developed made it possible to identify indigo and its isomers in genuine Indian indigo, indigo from woad and Tyrian Purple. It was applied to the identification of natural dyes on fiber from a 19th century Japanese tapestry, ‘Cranes in the landscape’. A procedure based on freezing and grinding of a sample before the extraction of dyes from the textile was developed. The components of the extract obtained were identified after acidic hydrolysis as indigotin and methylene blue. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation studies on the antibiotic avilamycin A using ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Eichhorn Peter , Pérez Sandra , Bechtholt Andreas , Aga Diana S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA comprehensive study on the fragmentation pattern of the antimicrobial growth promoter avilamycin A was conducted in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Performing multiple‐stage experiments on the deprotonated molecule (m/z 1401) and its principal product ions showed that a sequential shortening of the oligosaccharide backbone took place, which can be attributed to the localization of the negative charge in the terminal dichloroisoeverninic acid. Under (+)‐ESI conditions, avilamycin A readily formed an intense sodium‐cationized molecule, [M + Na]+ (m/z 1425). Structural elucidation of the second‐, third‐ and fourth‐generation fragment ions revealed that all of the structures shared a common molecular portion comprising a central monosaccharide. This observation allowed us to assign confidently the complexation site of the alkali metal cation. In addition to the monosodiated molecule, the full‐scan mass spectral acquisition also yielded a less abundant disodiated molecule, [M − H + 2Na]+ (m/z 1447). Multiple‐stage experiments on this ion indicated that the second sodium ion compensates for the negative charge located at either of two positions within the molecule. While deprotonation of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the dichloroisoeverninic acid moiety was suggested to be driven by charge stabilization in the aromatic ring (in analogy with the deprotonated molecule in the (−)‐ESI mode), the deprotonation at an α‐carbon of an ester side‐chain substituent in the oligosaccharide part was believed to provide a stable chelation‐like coordination site for the cation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Movement disorder emergencies
Authors: Kipps Christopher M. , Fung Victor S.C. , Grattan‐Smith Padraic , de Moore Gregory M. , Morris John G.L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMovement disorders may present acutely, and failure to recognize and exclude important differential diagnoses can result in significant morbidity or mortality. Unfortunately, much of the literature pertaining to this topic is scattered and not easily accessible. This review aims to address this deficit. Movement disorder emergencies are discussed according to their most likely mode of presentation. Diagnostic considerations and early management principles are reviewed, along with appropriate pathophysiology where relevant. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Novel parkin mutations detected in patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bertoli‐Avella Aida M. , Giroud‐Benitez José L. , Akyol Ali , Barbosa Egberto , Schaap Onno , van der Linde Herma C. , Martignoni Emilia , Lopiano Leonardo , Lamberti Paolo , Fincati Emiliana , Antonini Angelo , Stocchi Fabrizio , Montagna Pasquale , Squitieri Ferdinando , Marini Paolo , Abbruzzese Giovanni , Fabbrini Giovanni , Marconi Roberto , Dalla Libera Alessio , Trianni Giorgio , Guidi Marco , De Gaetano Antonio , Boff Maegawa Gustavo , De Leo Antonino , Gallai Virgilio , de Rosa Giulia , Vanacore Nicola , Meco Giuseppe , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Oostra Ben A. , Heutink Peter , Bonifati Vincenzo ,   The Italian Parkinson Genetics Network, MD
Published: December 2004

AbstractA multiethnic series of patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOP) was studied to assess the frequency and nature of parkin/PARK2 gene mutations and to investigate phenotype–genotype relationships. Forty‐six EOP probands with an onset age of <45 years, and 14 affected relatives were ascertained from Italy, Brazil, Cuba, and Turkey. The genetic screening included direct sequencing and exon dosage using a new, cost‐effective, real‐time polymerase chain reaction method. Mutations were found in 33% of the indexes overall, and in 53% of those with family history compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Fifteen parkin alterations (10 exon deletions and five point mutations) were identified, including four novel mutations: Arg402Cys, Cys418Arg, IVS11‐3C>G, and exon 8‐9‐10 deletion. Homozygous mutations, two heterozygous mutations, and a single heterozygous mutation were found in 8, 6, and 1 patient, respectively. Heterozygous exon deletions represented 28% of the mutant alleles. The patients with parkin mutations showed significantly earlier onset, longer disease duration, more frequently symmetric onset, and slower disease progression than the patients without mutations, in agreement with previous studies. This study confirms the frequent involvement of parkin and the importance of genetic testing in the diagnostic work‐up of EOP. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Viscous compressible barotropic symmetric flows with free boundary under general mass force Part I: Uniform‐in‐time bounds and stabilization
Authors: Ducomet Bernard , Zlotnik Alexander 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe consider symmetric flows of a viscous compressible barotropic fluid with a free boundary, under a general mass force depending both on the Eulerian and Lagrangian co‐ordinates, with arbitrarily large initial data. For a general non‐monotone state function p, we prove uniform‐in‐time energy bound and the uniform bounds for the density ρ, together with the stabilization as t → ∞ of the kinetic and potential energies. We also obtain H1‐stabilization of the velocity v to zero provided that the second viscosity is zero. For either increasing or non‐decreasing p, we study the Lλ‐stabilization of ρ and the stabilization of the free boundary together with the corresponding ω‐limit set in the general case of non‐unique stationary solution possibly with zones of vacuum. In the case of increasing p and stationary densities ρS separated from zero, we establish the uniform‐in‐time H1‐bounds and the uniform stabilization for ρ and v. All these results are stated and mainly proved in the Eulerian co‐ordinates. They are supplemented with the corresponding stabilization results in the Lagrangian co‐ordinates in the case of ρS separated from zero. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.