bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual-color live imaging unveils stepwise organization of multiple basal body arrays by cytoskeletons
Authors: Shiratsuchi Gen , Konishi Satoshi , Yano Tomoki , Yanagihashi Yuichi , Nakayama Shogo , Katsuno Tatsuya , Kashihara Hiroka , Tanaka Hiroo , Tsukita Kazuto , Suzuki Koya , Herawati Elisa , Watanabe Hitomi , Hirai Toyohiro , Yagi Takeshi , Kondoh Gen , Gotoh Shimpei , Tamura Atsushi , Tsukita Sachiko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor mucociliary clearance of pathogens, tracheal multiciliated epithelial cells (MCCs) organize coordinated beating of cilia, which originate from basal bodies (BBs) with basal feet (BFs) on one side. To clarify the self-organizing mechanism of coordinated intracellular BB-arrays composed of a well-ordered BB-alignment and unidirectional BB-orientation, determined by the direction of BB to BF, we generated double transgenic mice with GFP-centrin2-labeled BBs and mRuby3-Cep128-labeled BFs for long-term, high-resolution, dual-color live-cell imaging in primary-cultured tracheal MCCs. At early timepoints of MCC differentiation, BB-orientation and BB-local alignment antecedently coordinated in an apical microtubule-dependent manner. Later during MCC differentiation, fluctuations in BB-orientation were restricted, and locally aligned BB-arrays were further coordinated to align across the entire cell (BB-global alignment), mainly in an apical intermediate-sized filament-lattice-dependent manner. Thus, the high coordination of the BB-array was established for efficient mucociliary clearance as the primary defense against pathogen infection, identifying apical cytoskeletons as potential therapeutic targets.
Rechargeable Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Ma Jianmin , Lu Zhouguang , Ren Yurong 
Published: February 2024

Rechargeable batteries are one of the crucial ways we are going to solve the sustainable energy crisis. Lithium-ion batteries have been commercialised and are heavily relied upon, however, the scarcity of lithium resources increases the production cost and hinders further application. Additionally, the toxic and flammable electrolyte brings many potential safety hazards including environmental pollution. Looking for low-cost, safe, and environmentally friendly alternatives to LIBs has become a valuable research direction.
The modification of batteries is focused on the anode, the cathode and electrolyte. Globally, researchers have moved onto new rechargeable batteries based on multivalent metal ions which have been extensively studied, including K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+. However, the electrolyte is a very important component of a battery as its physical and chemical properties directly affect the electrochemical performance and energy storage mechanism.
Finding and selecting an appropriate electrolyte system is a crucial factor that must be taken into account to make these post-lithium-ion batteries commercially viable. Until now, it has been challenging to develop a suitable electrolyte with a wide electrochemical stability window and stable anode interface.
This book covers all the major ion-battery groups and their electrolytes, examining their performance and suitability in different solvents; aqueous, non-aqueous, solid gel and polymer.
It is suitable for all levels of students and researchers who want to understand the fundamentals and future challenges of developing electrolytes.
High-resolution imaging of 3D stray-field components with a Fe3O4 nanoparticle sensor
Authors: Qi Yan , Kan Yihong , Li Zhenghua 
Published: February 2024

An approach to image 3D stray-field components by using a Fe3O4 nanoparticle sensor is provided. This technique offers a way to observe the out-of-plane and in-plane stray-field components, and paves a way for the development of spintronic devices.
Predicting Dysphonia by Measuring Surface Electromyographic Activity of the Supralaryngeal Muscles
Authors: Wang Feifan , Yiu Edwin M.-L. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
This study set out to investigate whether individuals with dysphonia, as determined by either self-assessment or clinician-based auditory-perceptual judgment, exhibited differences in perilaryngeal muscle activities using surface electromyography (sEMG) during various phonatory tasks. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of sEMG in identifying dysphonic cases.

Method:

A total of 77 adults (44 women, 33 men,
M
age
= 30.4 years) participated in this study, with dysphonic cases identified separately using either a 10-item Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10) or clinician-based auditory-perceptual voice quality (APVQ) evaluation. sEMG activities were measured from the areas of suprahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles during prolonged vowel /i/ phonations at different pitch and loudness levels. Normalized root-mean-square value against the maximal voluntary contraction (RMS %MVC) of the sEMG signals was obtained for each phonation and compared between subject groups and across phonatory tasks. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine how the sEMG measures could predict the VHI-10–based or APVQ-based dysphonic cases.

Results:

Participants who scored above the criteria on either the VHI-10 (
n
= 29) or APVQ judgment (
n
= 17) exhibited significantly higher RMS %MVC in the right suprahyoid muscles compared to the corresponding control groups. Although the RMS %MVC value from the right suprahyoid muscles alone was not a significant predictor of self-evaluated dysphonic cases, a combination of the RMS %MVC values from both the right and left suprahyoid muscles significantly predicted APVQ-based dysphonic cases with a 69.66% fair level.

Conclusions:
This study found that individuals with dysphonia, as determined by either self-assessment or APVQ judgment, displayed more imbalanced suprahyoid muscle activities in voice production compared to nondysphonic groups. The combination of the sEMG measures from both left and right suprahyoid muscles showed potential as a predictor of dysphonia with a fair level of confidence.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25112804
Star formation in outer rings of S0 galaxies
Authors: Tsvetkov N. , Moiseev A. , Sil’chenko O. , Katkov I. , Oparin D. , Uklein R. , Smirnova A. 
Published: February 2024

Aims. Though S0 galaxies are usually thought to be “red and dead”, they often present weak star formation organized in ring structures in their outer disks. We try to clarify the nature of this phenomenon and its difference from star formation in spiral galaxies. The nearby luminous S0 galaxy NGC 1211 is studied here.
Methods. By applying Fabry-Perot scanning interferometry at the Russian 6m telescope, we measured the gas rotation in the outer ring of the galaxy. We studied the pattern and properties of the brightest star formation regions with the tunable filter Mapper of Narrow Galaxy Lines (MaNGaL) at the 2.5 m telescope of the Caucasian Mountain Observatory of the SAI MSU.
Results. The gas excitation is strongly inhomogeneous along the ring: in the eastern part, HII-type excitation dominates, while the western part of the ring is partly excited by shocks, as revealed by the emission-line diagnostic diagram. The gas metallicity of the emission clumps in the outer ring also has a broad distribution. The star formation rate is currently falling and is in general too weak for the galaxy gas content. We conclude that the gas in the ring has been accreted recently, about 300 Myr ago, probably from an inclined direction, and that the accretion event has provoked a brief, ineffective starburst.
Workplace sustainability or financial resilience? Composite-financial resilience index
Authors: Daadmehr Elham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the variety of corporate risks in turmoil markets and the consequent financial distress especially in COVID-19 time, this paper investigates corporate resilience and compares different types of resilience that can be potential sources of heterogeneity in firms’ implied rate of return. Specifically, the novelty is not only to quantify firms’ financial resilience but also to compare it with workplace resilience which matters more in the COVID-19 era. The study prepares several pieces of evidence of the necessity and insufficiency of these two main types of resilience by comparing earnings expectations and implied discount rates of high- and low-resilience firms. Particularly, results present evidence of the possible amplification of workplace resilience by the financial status of firms in the COVID-19 era. The paper proposes a novel composite-financial resilience index as a potential measure for disaster risk that significantly and persistently reveals low-resilience characteristics of firms and resilience-heterogeneity in implied discount rates.
Rearranging equations to develop physics reasoning
Authors: Kapodistrias Anastasios , Airey John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Researchers generally agree that physics experts use mathematics in a way that blends mathematical knowledge with physics intuition. However, the use of mathematics in physics education has traditionally tended to focus more on the computational aspect (manipulating mathematical operations to get numerical solutions) to the detriment of building conceptual understanding and physics intuition. Several solutions to this problem have been suggested; some authors have suggested building conceptual understanding before mathematics is introduced, while others have argued for the inseparability of the two, claiming instead that mathematics and conceptual physics need to be taught simultaneously. Although there is a body of work looking into how students employ mathematical reasoning when working with equations, the specifics of how physics experts use mathematics blended with physics intuition remain relatively underexplored. In this paper, we describe some components of this blending, by analyzing how physicists perform the rearrangement of a specific equation in cosmology. Our data consist of five consecutive forms of rearrangement of the equation, as observed in three separate higher education cosmology courses. This rearrangement was analyzed from a conceptual reasoning perspective using Sherin’s framework of symbolic forms. Our analysis clearly demonstrates how the number of potential symbolic forms associated with each subsequent rearrangement of the equation decreases as we move from line to line. Drawing on this result, we suggest an underlying mechanism for how physicists reason with equations. This mechanism seems to consist of three components: narrowing down meaning potential, moving aspects between the background and the foreground and purposefully transforming the equation according to the discipline’s questions of interest. In the discussion section we highlight the potential that our work has for generalizability and how being aware of the components of this underlying mechanism can potentially affect physics teachers’ practice when using mathematics in the physics classroom.
Experimenting with light at the 6th European Physics Olympiad
Authors: Stergar Jošt , Čopar Simon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A good experimental task for a high school physics competition requires an interesting and relatable topic, careful testing, and meeting constraints of time, budget, and curriculum. This article presents the experimental task from the European Physics Olympiad in the year 2022. The students explored the properties of light sources, such as their colour temperature, angular light distribution, efficacy, and heating. The task was stated without explicit instructions, inviting the students to devise their own approach to measurement and data processing. The original task was designed for a level slightly above the European high-school curriculum, so parts of it can be directly used as a lab exercise at a university level or simplified and given more specific instructions for inclusion in high school level education.
Blade emitters for atmospheric ionic thrusters
Authors: Belan M , Baldo J , Kahol O , Montenero D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the field of atmospheric ionic thrusters, the objective of this work is to evaluate the possibility of an alternative ionic emitter to the traditional thin wire emitter, in order to overcome the technical issues of the EHD technology related to the fragility of the wires and to make it more suitable to applications outside the laboratory. For the presented experiments, emitters in the form of metallic blades have been produced. These were tested while varying the geometric parameters of both the emitters themselves and of the thruster configuration. Through this measurement campaign, the electrical characteristics, as well as the feasibility and the performances of the new proposed solutions have been evaluated and compared with wire emitters. Results indicate that the blade emitters can work as alternative emitters, however the performance of the present prototypes does not reach that of wire emitters and therefore further research is needed in order to make them a valid alternative.
Entropy driven incommensurate structures in the frustrated kagome staircase Co3V2O8
Authors: S Helton Joel , Rogado Nyrissa , J Cava Robert , W Lynn Jeffrey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Co3V2O8 features spin-3/2 moments arrayed on a kagome staircase lattice. A spin density wave with a continuously evolving propagation vector of

k
⃗

=
(
0
,
δ
,
0
)

, showing both incommensurate states and multiple commensurate lock-ins, is observed at temperatures above the ferromagnetic ground state. Previous work has suggested that this changing propagation vector could be driven by changes in exchange interactions due to Co atom displacements. We present a straightforward model showing that a Hamiltonian with competing (but temperature independent) interactions can semi-quantitatively reproduce this behavior using a mean field approximation. The simulated spin density wave magnetic structures feature buckled kagome planes that are either ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically ordered. Propagation vectors that differ from

δ
=
1

/

2

will have multiple different ways of arranging these ferromagnetic layers that have very similar energies. This classical stacking entropy appears to be crucial in stabilizing the temperature-dependent propagation vector.
Advancements in multiferroic, dielectric, and impedance properties of copper–yttrium co-doped cobalt ferrite for hydroelectric cell applications
Authors: Jain Prachi , Shankar S , Thakur O P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper explores yttrium and copper co-doped cobalt ferrite [Co1−x
Cu
x
Fe1.85Y0.15O4] synthesized via the sol–gel auto-combustion route (0.0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.08). Investigating the impact of co-dopants on CoFe2O4, the study reveals altered cation distribution affecting the structure, multiferroic, and electrical properties. X-ray diffraction studies show nanocrystalline co-doped cobalt ferrites with lattice expansion and smaller grains due to Cu–Y co-doping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms inverse spinel family classification with tetrahedral lattice shrinkage. Field emission scanning electron microscopy indicates a grain size of approximately 0.12 μm. Ferroelectric analysis reveals a peak saturation polarization of 23.42 μC cm−2 for 8% copper doping, attributed to increased Fe3+ ions at tetrahedral sites. Saturation magnetization peaks at 54.4706 emu g−1 for 2% Cu2+ ion substitution [Co0.98Cu0.02Fe1.85Y0.15O4] and decreases to 37.09 emu g−1 for 4% Cu substitution due to irregular iron atom distribution at tetrahedral sites. Dielectric studies uncover Maxwell–Wagner polarization and high resistance in grain and grain boundaries using impedance spectroscopy. Fabricated hydroelectric cells exhibit improved ionic diffusion, suggesting their use in potential hydroelectric cell applications.
Band gap characteristics of new composite multiple locally resonant phononic crystal metamaterial
Authors: Xiao Peng , Miao Linchang , Zheng Haizhong , Lei Lijian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Locally resonant phononic crystal (LRPC) exhibit elastic wave band gap characteristics within a specific low-frequency range, but their band gap width is relatively narrow, which has certain limitations in practical engineering applications. In order to open a lower frequency band gap and broaden the band gap range, this paper proposes a new composite multiple locally resonant phononic crystal (CMLRPC). Firstly, the band structure of the CMLRPC is calculated by using the finite element method, and then the formation mechanism of the band gap of the CMLRPC is studied by analyzing its vibration mode, and the band gap width is expanded by adjusting the size of the single primitive cell in the supercell model of the CMLRPC. Secondly, an equivalent mass-spring system model for CMLRPC is established to calculate the starting frequency and cut-off frequency of the band gap, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the finite element calculation. Finally, the frequency response function of the CMLRPC is calculated and its attenuation characteristics are analyzed. Within the band gap frequency range, the attenuation values of the CMLRPC are mostly above 20 dB, indicating a good attenuation effect. Compared with traditional LRPC, this new CMLRPC opens multiple band gaps in the frequency range of 200 Hz, with a wider band gap width and better attenuation effect. In addition, considering both the contact between single primitive cell and the adjustment of their spacing in the supercell model of the CMLRPC, lower and wider band gap can be obtained. The research results of this paper provide a new design idea and method for obtaining low-frequency band gap in LRPC, and can provide reference for the design of vibration reduction and isolation structures in the field of low-frequency vibration control.
Improve exploration in deep reinforcement learning for UAV path planning using state and action entropy
Authors: Lv Hui , Chen Yadong , Li Shibo , Zhu Baolong , Li Min 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite being a widely adopted development framework for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), deep reinforcement learning is often considered sample inefficient. Particularly, UAV struggles to fully explore the state and action space in environments with sparse rewards. While some exploration algorithms have been proposed to overcome the challenge of sparse rewards, they are not specifically tailored for UAV platform. Consequently, applying those algorithms to UAV path planning may lead to problems such as unstable training processes and neglect of action space comprehension, possibly causing negative impacts on the path planning results. To address the problem of sparse rewards in UAV path planning, we propose an information-theoretic exploration algorithm, Entropy Explorer (EE), specifically for UAV platform. The proposed EE generates intrinsic rewards based on state entropy and action entropy to compensate for the scarcity of extrinsic rewards. To further improve sampling efficiency, a framework integrating EE and Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithms is proposed. Finally, the TD3-EE algorithm is tested in AirSim and compared against benchmarking algorithms. The simulation outcomes manifest that TD3-EE effectively stimulates the UAV to comprehensively explore both state and action spaces, thereby attaining superior performance compared to the benchmark algorithms in the realm of path planning.
Air conditioning compressor crankshaft roundness measurement based on a laser profiler
Authors: Liang Jie , Sun Zhenwei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Crankshafts are key components of air conditioning compressors. The good roundness of a crankshaft has positive effects on the operating stability, service life, working efficiency, and noise radiation of the compressor. This study proposes a line point cloud data merging method for measuring crankshaft roundness using a laser profiler. First, a crankshaft roundness measurement system for air conditioning compressors is developed, and a high-accuracy 2D laser displacement sensor is employed to collect the line point cloud data. Second, the steps of the merging method are divided into two parts: (1) the radial merging to eliminate the effects of eccentricity; (2) the circumferential merging to remove overlapping data points of two adjacent profiles. Then, a pin gauge is used to select the point cloud region of the profile line for data merging. Experimental results show that the measurement repeatability of the proposed system can be controlled at the micrometer level. Besides, the roundness measured from the merged data is very close to the roundness measuring instrument measurements, which verifies the accuracy of the measurement system and the validity of the line point data merging algorithm.
Real-time hollow defect detection in tiles using on-device tiny machine learning
Authors: Lin Tzu-Hsuan , Chang Chien-Ta , Zhuang Ting-Han , Putranto Alan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the challenge of subsurface defect detection in floor tiles for quality control in residential construction. To overcome the limitations of traditional inspection methods and the complexities associated with existing artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches, we have developed the AI diagnostic Stick (AID-Stick), a novel tool designed to advance the field of tile defect detection. This innovative tool integrates an embedded machine-learning framework, leveraging convolutional neural networks and tiny machine learning techniques. The AID-Stick utilizes spectrogram, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient, and Mel filterbank energy for real-time, on-microcontroller unit diagnostics of auditory signals from tile tapping tests. Our methodology effectively utilizes these acoustic features in distinguishing between intact and subsurface hollow defective tiles. The study’s findings, revealing a notable validation accuracy of 97% and a real-world accuracy of 81.25%, showcase a promising improvement over traditional methods. The AID-Stick’s practicality, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendly design make it potentially beneficial for small-to-medium enterprises and economically constrained markets. Furthermore, this research opens avenues for future enhancements in embedded AI systems, with potential applications extending beyond the construction industry to other domains requiring non-destructive testing. This work not only contributes to the field of industrial quality control but also to the development of intelligent diagnostic tools, paving the way for future innovations in automated inspection technologies.
A framework for improving UAV decision of autonomous navigation from training to application migration under perceptual uncertainty
Authors: Sheng Yuanyuan , Liu Huanyu , Li Junbao , Han Qi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) autonomous navigation based on reinforcement learning usually requires training agents in simulation scenarios and then transferring the trained agents to application scenarios. However, due to serious distribution mismatch between the idealized simulation scenario and the application environment and the inevitable uncertainty perception problem of airborne sensors in complex scenarios, the navigation performance of UAV under migration applications is not ideal. This work fully analyzes the factors that affect UAV navigation performance, including algorithm performance, training strategy, and state awareness. Based on the analysis results, this article proposes a framework to improve the autonomous navigation performance of UAVs in the migration process from training to application, which consists of three parts: ‘scenario-perception-algorithm’. In addition, this paper proposes improvement strategies for each part from the perspectives of spatial features, temporal features, and perceptual denoising. We combine the proposed framework with navigation algorithms to improve the navigation decision-making performance of UAVs in migration applications under uncertainty perception. Many simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and its robustness to uncertainty perception.