bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Device malfunctions with use of EUS–guided fine-needle biopsy devices: Analysis of the MAUDE database
Authors: Singh Achintya D. , Madhu Deepak , Pathiyil Mythili Menon , Ramai Daryl , Mohan Babu P. , Shah Bhavesh , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The safety of endoscopic ultrasound–guided tissue acquisition through fine-needle biopsy devices is well-established in clinical trials. The real-world experience of using these devices is not known. The authors analyzed the postmarketing surveillance data from the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database to answer this question.

Methods
The Food and Drug Administration MAUDE database from January 2012 to June 2022 was accessed to evaluate for device malfunctions and patient-related adverse consequences of these malfunctions.

Results
There were 344 device-related issues. Most issues were due to detachment or breakage of the device (n = 185 [53.7%]). Seventy-six of the breakages (40.8%) occurred during the procedure, whereas 89 cases (47.8%) occurred while removing the needle from the endoscope. The most common site of tissue biopsy at the time of needle breakage was the pancreas (44 [23.8%]).
The common patient-related adverse events were retained foreign body (n = 50 [14.5%]) followed by bleeding (16, 4.6%). Six patients (3.4%) required a second intervention for removal of the retained foreign bodies including surgery in 2 cases. The device breakage damaged the endoscope in 3 cases (1.7%), and there was 1 case of needlestick injury to the nurse.

Conclusion
The fine-needle biopsy devices can be associated with needle breakage and bending; these adverse events were not previously reported. Needle breakages can result in a retained foreign body that may require additional procedures including surgery. These real-world findings from the MAUDE database may inform clinical decisions and help improve clinical outcomes.
Mishaps with EUS–guided lumen-apposing metal stents in therapeutic pancreatic EUS: management and prevention
Authors: Braden Barbara , Hocke Michael , Selvaraj Emmanuel , Kaushal Kanav , Möller Kathleen , Ignee Andrè , Vanella Giuseppe , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Teoh Anthony , Larghi Alberto , Rimbas Mihai , Hollerbach Stefan , Napoleon Bertrand , Dong Yi , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
EUS–guided interventions have become widely accepted therapeutic management options for drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections. Apart from endosonographic skills, EUS interventions require knowledge of the endoscopic stenting techniques and familiarity with the available stents and deployment systems. Although generally safe and effective, technical failure of correct stent positioning or serious adverse events can occur, even in experts' hands.
In this article, we address common and rare adverse events in transmural EUS-guided stenting, ways to prevent them, and management options when they occur. Knowing the risks of what can go wrong combined with clinical expertise, high levels of technical skills, and adequate training allows for the safe performance of EUS-guided drainage procedures. Discussing the procedural risks and their likelihood with the patient is a fundamental part of the consenting process.
Triage method for endometrial biopsy in postmenopausal women: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shen Yufei , Li Lucia , Wang Hailong , Hu Yi , Deng Xi , Lian Xiaoling , Tan Yanlin , Liang Liling , Zhang Yu , Yang Wenqing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To identify the optimal triage procedure for endometrial biopsies in postmenopausal women.

Methods
The clinical information of 470 postmenopausal women with endometrial biopsy results and postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) and/or transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) abnormalities were collected at the gynecology departments of four general hospitals from March 2021 to March 2022. In the validation cohort, 112 women with TVU abnormalities who underwent endometrial biopsy at Xiangya hospital between May 2022 and May 2023 were enrolled. The endpoint was the final diagnosis based on hysteroscopy reports and biopsy pathology results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were compared among the three triage methods. A nomogram prediction model was developed and validated.

Results
Referring women with TVU abnormalities for endometrial biopsy identified 100% malignant/premalignant lesions despite low specificity (19.7%). Among women with measurable endometrial thickness (ET), we suggest that the ET cutoff value for biopsy referral should be ≥4 mm. The PMB (odds ratio [OR], 3.241; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.073-9.789), diabetes (OR, 10.915; 95% CI, 3.389-35.156), and endometrial thickness (OR, 1.277; 95% CI, 1.156-1.409) were independent predictive factors for endometrial (pre)malignancy. A nomogram prediction model was constructed (area under curve [AUC] = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.715 to 0.889). The ideal cutoff point was 22.5, with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 15.7%. The external validation achieved an AUC of 0.798 (95% CI, 0.685-0.911).

Conclusions
It was possible to refer all postmenopausal women with TVU abnormity (ET ≥ 4 mm or other abnormal findings) for endometrial biopsy. Among women with TVU abnormalities, a nomogram was constructed, and a score greater than 22.5 suggested the need for referral for endometrial biopsy, while a score less than 22.5 suggested that regular follow-up was required, further improving the triage procedure.
Discontinuation of hormone therapy and bone mineral density: does physical activity modify that relationship?
Authors: Sheedy Alyssa N. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Hovey Kathleen M. , LaMonte Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Hormone therapy can positively impact bone mineral density after menopause. We explored bone mineral density change in postmenopausal women who discontinued hormone therapy after the Women's Health Initiative landmark 2002 trial results were published. We secondarily explored whether usual physical activity modified the results.

Methods
Postmenopausal women participating in the Buffalo OsteoPerio study with information on hip bone density, hormone therapy use, and self-reported physical activity at two time points (1997-2001; 2002-2007) were included (N = 961). Hormone therapy included three groups according to use at baseline and year 5 (non/non; current/non; current/current).

Results
At baseline (mean age, 65.9 years; SD, 6.7 years), 480 women were not using hormone therapy, while 481 were current users. Between the baseline and 5-year visits, 336 women using hormone therapy discontinued. Baseline total hip bone density was highest in current users. After 5 years, those who continued hormone therapy exhibited no bone loss; those who discontinued exhibited the greatest loss at the total hip of −0.021 gm/cm2. Women who never used hormone therapy exhibited some loss of −0.012 gm/cm2. Usual physical activity did not appreciably impact change in bone density in any group.

Conclusions
This prospective observational study explored the 5-year change in bone mineral density among older postmenopausal women after the landmark 2002 hormone therapy trial findings were released. We found bone density decreased in never-users and in women who discontinued use. Bone density was maintained in current users. Although usual physical activity did not mitigate bone loss, targeted physical activity regimens should be investigated.
Prevalence and Economic Burden of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy in the Medicare Population in the United States
Authors: Singh Rohan Bir , Parmar Uday Pratap Singh , Kahale Francesca , Jeng Bennie H. , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and economic burden of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in patients older than 65 years in the United States.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of the Medicare data reported to the Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System including patients diagnosed with FECD between 2014 and 2019 was performed. The crude prevalence rate of FECD was assessed and extrapolated to estimate the total case burden in the United States. The prevalence data were further compared between men and women and different racial groups. In addition, the economic burden was computed using inflation-adjusted direct costs of treatment to patients.

Results:
The Medicare database included 25,432,700 patients older than 65 years. The national prevalence of FECD in this population cohort was calculated to be 1.12% in 2019. In 2019, FECD case burden in Medicare patients older than 65 years was 284,846 and total estimated FECD case count in the country in this age group was 591,226. FECD prevalence was significantly higher in women as compared to men during the 6-year period evaluated in this study. The intergroup comparison revealed that FECD prevalence in the White population was significantly higher than all other racial groups (P < 0.0001). The total inflation-adjusted economic burden of FECD in the United States in 2019 was USD 291.648 million and has increased from USD 243.998 million over the 6-year study period.

Conclusions:
The estimated prevalence of FECD in the individuals older than 65 years is 1.12% in the United States. FECD prevalence is significantly higher in women and White population compared with other ethnicities.
Platelet lifespan and mechanisms for clearance
Authors: An Olga , Deppermann Carsten 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Activated or aged platelets are removed from circulation under (patho)physiologic conditions, the exact mechanism of platelet clearance under such conditions remains unclear and are currently being investigated. This review focuses on recent findings and controversies regarding platelet clearance and the disruption of platelet life cycle.

Recent findings
The platelet life span is determined by glycosylation of platelet surface receptors with sialic acid. Recently, it was shown that platelet activation and granule release leads to desialylation of glycans and accelerated clearance of platelets under pathological conditions. This phenomenon was demonstrated to be a main reason for thrombocytopenia being a complication in several infections and immune disorders.

Summary
Although we have recently gained some insight into how aged platelets are cleared from circulation, we are still not seeing the full picture. Further investigations of the platelet clearance pathways under pathophysiologic conditions are needed as well as studies to unravel the connection between platelet clearance and platelet production.
Benefits of a Dual-Task Training on Motor and Cognitive Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Scarmagnan Gabriella Simões , Lino Tayla Borges , Pimentel Daniel Espindola , Silva Ana Victoria Borges , da Silva Ramos Isabelly Martina , Christofoletti Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to verify the effects of a 3-mo dual-task training on motor and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults.

Design
In this prospective, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, a total of 40 participants were allocated to either the experimental or the control (no-exercise) group. The intervention program consisted of a combination of motor and cognitive exercises conducted twice a week on nonconsecutive days. The main outcome measures were postural stability, mobility, fear of falling, and cognitive functions. Multiple analyses of variance were used to assess the impact of the dual-task training. Effect sizes (η2p) were reported. Significance was set at 5%.

Results
Compared with the control group, participants who underwent the dual-task training showed positive outcomes in terms of postural stability (η2p = 0.298, P = 0.020), mobility (η2p = 0.285, P = 0.003), and cognitive functions (η2p = 0.536, P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the fear of falling (P = 0.566).

Conclusions
Three-month dual-task training was beneficial for postural control, mobility, and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults. Based on the present findings, healthcare professionals should consider incorporating dual-task training into clinical practice.
Wild emmer contribution in wheat domestication and adaptation to new environments
Authors: Iob Alice , Botigué Laura 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWheat is a staple crop, and its production is heavily threatened by climate change and soil erosion. Breeding programmes commonly rely on the wild progenitor, wild emmer wheat,Triticum turgidumsubsp.dicoccoides, to find markers associated with traits conferring higher resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, albeit how its genetic diversity contributed into domestication and adaptation to agricultural systems has never been studied. We explore the population structure and the influence of wild emmer populations from both the Northern and Southern Levant during the domestication process. Additionally, we examine their potential contribution to facilitating the adaptation and dispersal of domestic landraces to new environments. We quantify the genomic proportion of wild Southern Levant ancestry in two different domestic germplasms, including landraces from Europe, Africa and Asia. We obtain direct evidence that as much as 26% of the genome has Southern Levant ancestry in the population from Europe, and up to 40% in the population from Africa and Asia. We also estimate the time since admixture of the two wild populations to produce the domestic forms, obtaining two dates, one matching the domestication in Southwest Asia (ca 9500 BP) and the other matching the dispersal towards Africa (ca 6500 BP). We also inquire about the possible adaptive role of wild emmer from the Southern Levant into domestication and dispersal and find an overrepresentation of genes associated with resistance to biotic stress and drought. Overall, our work provides more information on the origins of domestic wheat and highlights the potential of modern domestic landraces of emmer wheat in the study of the genetic basis of resilience. Modeling wheat genome evolution under different demographic scenarios is needed to confirm the observed signals of positive selection and facilitate the use of emmer landraces in future wheat breeding programmes.
Biophysical modeling of frontocentral ERP generation links circuit-level mechanisms of action-stopping to a behavioral race model
Authors: Diesburg Darcy A. , Wessel Jan R. , Jones Stephanie R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman frontocentral event-related potentials (FC-ERPs) are ubiquitous neural correlates of cognition and control, but their generating multiscale mechanisms remain mostly unknown. We used the Human Neocortical Neurosolver(HNN)’s biophysical model of a canonical neocortical circuit under exogenous thalamic and cortical drive to simulate the cell and circuit mechanisms underpinning the P2, N2, and P3 features of the FC-ERP observed after Stop-Signals in the Stop-Signal task (SST). We demonstrate that a sequence of simulated external thalamocortical and cortico-cortical drives can produce the FC-ERP, similar to what has been shown for primary sensory cortices. We used this model of the FC-ERP to examine likely circuit-mechanisms underlying FC-ERP features that distinguish between successful and failed action-stopping. We also tested their adherence to the predictions of the horse-race model of the SST, with specific hypotheses motivated by theoretical links between the P3 and Stop process. These simulations revealed that a difference in P3 onset between successful and failed Stops is most likely due to a later arrival of thalamocortical drive in failed Stops, rather than, for example, a difference in effective strength of the input. In contrast, the same model predicted that early thalamocortical drives underpinning the P2 and N2 differed in both strength and timing across stopping accuracy conditions. Overall, this model generates novel testable predictions of the thalamocortical dynamics underlying FC-ERP generation during action-stopping. Moreover, it provides a detailed cellular and circuit-level interpretation that supports links between these macroscale signatures and predictions of the behavioral race model.Significance statementThe frontocentral event-related potential (FC-ERP) is an easily-measurable neural correlate of cognition and control. However, the cortical dynamics that produce this signature in humans are complex, limiting the ability of researchers to make predictions about its underlying mechanisms. In this study, we used the biophysical model included in the open-source Human Neocortical Neurosolver software to simulate and evaluate the likely cellular and circuit mechanisms that underlie the FC-ERP in the Stop-Signal task. We modeled mechanisms of the FC-ERP during successful and unsuccessful stopping, generating testable predictions regarding Stop-associated computations in human frontal cortex. Moreover, the resulting model parameters provide a starting point for simulating mechanisms of the FC-ERP and other frontal scalp EEG signatures in other task conditions and contexts.
Menstrual cycle changes increased following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: Social media validation and self-controlled case series analysis
Authors: Shetty Aishwarya N , Kattan Gonzalo Sepulveda , Javed Muhammad , Pearce Christopher , Clothier Hazel J , Buttery Jim P 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate if there was an increase in menstrual abnormality related presentation post COVID-19 vaccination.DesignBERTopic machine learning, with a guided topic modelling option was used to analyse mentions of menstrual change in relation to COVID-19 vaccination on the social media platform Reddit. Self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis using general practice data collected via the POpulation Level Analysis and Reporting (POLAR) tool with permission from Primary Health Networks (PHNs) as the de-identified dataset owners in Victoria and New South Wales.SettingGlobally for social media analysis. Victoria and New South Wales (NSW), Australia for POLARParticipantsFor social media analysis, people who made a Reddit post about menstrual concerns post COVID-19 vaccine. For the SCCS analysis, people who presented to a POLAR GP registered practice with a new menstrual abnormality diagnosis.ExposuresCOVID-19 vaccination with adenovirus vector [AstraZeneca’s Vaxzervria® ChadOx1-S], mRNA [Pfizer-BioNTech’s Comirnaty® BNT162b2 and Moderna’s Spikevax®] or protein-subunit [Novavax’s Nuvaxovid®]).Outcomes and MeasuresScraped social media posts were pre-processed, analysed for positive, negative, and neutral sentiments and topic modelled. Menstrual abnormality presentations of interest were isolated from the general practice dataset aggregated by POLAR, by searching for relevant SNOMED CT codes. Similarly, relative incidence (RI) was calculated for all COVID-19 vaccine types.ResultsSocial media analysis saw peaks in menstrual change posts on Reddit since the global COVID-19 vaccine rollout. The SCCS analysis demonstrates an increase in general practice presentations of menstrual abnormality diagnosis following mRNA vaccines (RI= 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.22,P<0.001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study demonstrates an increase in menstrual abnormality presentations following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Our findings validate the concerns raised on social media so people who are vaccinated or are considering future vaccines feel heard, supported, and validated. Our analysis highlights the importance of using large real-world datasets to gather reliable evidence for public health decision making.Summary boxSection 1: What is already known on this topic?Surveys and spontaneous surveillance systems suggested and association of menstrual cycle changes with COVID-19 vaccination.Heavy menstrual bleeding was added to the product information for mRNA vaccines in the European UnionSection 2: What this study adds?Our study is the first to prove an increase in menstrual abnormality related presentations post mRNA COVID-19 vaccines using routinely collected general practice data.Our findings validate the concerns raised by people who menstruate and help them with their future decision to vaccinate.
Reproductive traits of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) during the early stages of invasion in the Lower Tagus River
Authors: Gkenas Christos , Ribeiro Diogo , Gago João , Dias Diogo , Verma Chandani R. , Kumkar Pradeep , Ribeiro Filipe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems face severe challenges from biological invasions, leading to biodiversity loss, disruption of ecosystem services, and economic impacts. Human-mediated activities, such as aquarium trade and sport angling, contribute to species introductions, with potential negative consequences for native ecosystems. The European catfish (Silurus glanis) is one of the world’s largest freshwater fish and has been intentionally introduced into diverse regions, impacting native ecosystems. However, limited research exists on its reproductive traits outside its native range. This study addresses this gap by examining the reproductive characteristics of non-native European catfish populations in the Lower Tagus River in Portugal, focusing on size at maturity, spawning period, and fecundity. The observed balanced sex ratio aligns with studies of native populations. Variations in size at first maturity (TL50) among populations highlight the influence of habitat conditions, temperature, food availability, growth rate, and geographical location on this trait. The extended spawning season (March to June) in the Tagus River is consistent with native populations, but variations may occur based on environmental conditions and water temperature. Absolute fecundity ranged from 8,961 to 335,500 oocytes, showing positive relationships with body size and emphasizing the reproductive potential of European catfish in Portugal. Egg size variations, along with asynchronous egg development, contribute to the species’ reproductive strategy, favoring its invasive success. Management efforts should include monitoring, regulations on introductions, removal programs, and public awareness to mitigate their impact. Future research should focus on understanding how non-native European catfish populations adapt in various regions and continue to impact ecosystems.
Sleep consolidation potentiates skill maintenance
Authors: Solano Agustin , Lerner Gonzalo , Griffa Guillermina , Deleglise Alvaro , Caffaro Pedro , Riquelme Luis , Perez-Chada Daniel , Della-Maggiore Valeria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContrary to its well-established role in declarative learning the impact of sleep on motor memory consolidation remains a subject of debate. Motor learning involves skill acquisition and skill maintenance, two critical aspects in achieving movement precision. Current literature suggests that whereas motor skill acquisition benefits from sleep, consolidation of skill maintenance depends solely on the passage of time. This has led to the proposal that skill maintenance may be an exception to other types of memories. Here, we address this ongoing controversy in humans through three comprehensive experiments. We found that when training occurs throughout the day consolidation of skill maintenance proceeds independently of sleep. However, when it takes place closely before bedtime so that sleep aligns with the memory stabilization window, a 30% memory enhancement emerges along with a distinct modulation of neural markers of sleep consolidation. Our findings reconcile seemingly conflicting perspectives on the active role of sleep in procedural motor learning, and offer the potential to accelerate motor recovery in rehabilitation programs through the synchronization of training sessions with sleep.