bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraneural lipoma of the median nerve: a case report
Authors: Zyluk Andrzej 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIntraneural lipomas and lipofibromas (also called lipofibromatous hamartomas) are
rare, benign tumours occurring in peripheral nerves in the forearm and wrist. They
usually present as asymptomatic masses, but if they are large enough, they may cause
symptoms of compression neuropathy. Intraneural lipomas and lipofibromas differ with
regard to anatomy and clinical behaviour: the former tumour has a well-defined
capsule and most commonly occurs within the median nerve in the forearm and wrist.
It is diagnosed in the fourth and fifth decades of life and seen more frequently in
women. The latter (lipofibroma) has no capsule, is infiltrative in nature, is
composed of fatty and fibrous tissue and also most commonly seen in the median
nerve. It occurs in a younger age group with no sexual predominance. Due to these
differences, these lesions are managed differently 1
2.
Impfquoten der Pneumokokken-Impfung bei Personen mit impfrelevanten Grunderkrankungen und Personen ab 60 Jahren – Eine Analyse von Sekundärdaten der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV)
Authors: Mihm Sarah , Schelling Jörg , Wölle Regine , Suck Andreas , Häckl Dennis , Weinke Thomas , Böllinger Timo 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) empfiehlt neben einer Standardimpfung für Personen ab 60 Jahren auch eine Indikationsimpfung gegen Pneumokokken, u.a. für Personen mit einer chronischen impfrelevanten Grunderkrankung – unabhängig vom Alter. In Deutschland werden durch das Robert-Koch Institut (RKI) regelmäßig Impfquoten für diese Gruppen publiziert, jedoch nicht nach zugrunde liegender Krankheit stratifiziert. Die Studie untersucht daher den Impfschutz von Personen mit chronischen Grundkrankheiten stratifiziert nach Krankheitsgruppen und -entitäten, die Rate von Wiederholungsimpfungen in dieser Population sowie die Impfquoten bei Personen ab 60 Jahren.
Methoden Der deskriptiven retrospektiven Kohortenstudie über den Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2019 liegt eine hinsichtlich Alter und Geschlecht für die deutsche Bevölkerung repräsentative Stichprobe des Instituts für angewandte Gesundheitsforschung (InGef) von etwa 4 Mio. GKV-Versicherten ab 16 Jahren zugrunde.
Ergebnisse Hochgerechnet auf die GKV-Grundgesamtheit betrug die Pneumokokken-Impfquote bei Personen ab 60 Jahren insgesamt 45,9% (von n= InGef-Standard-Impfkohorte: 1 009 763). Von allen Patienten mit chronischen Grunderkrankungen ab 16 Jahren besaßen nur 17,1% einen Impfschutz (von n= InGef-Indikationsimpfkohorte: 1 379 680). Stratifiziert nach Krankheitsentitäten wiesen Versicherte mit einem zugrunde liegenden Lungenemphysem mit 39,0% die höchste Impfquote auf (von n= 28 121). Von den Versicherten, die eine indizierte Erstimpfung erhalten haben, ließen sich nach 6 Jahren nur 23,9% erneut impfen (von n= InGef-Wiederholungsimpfkohorte: 12 328). Über alle Impfkohorten hinweg nahmen die Impfquoten mit zunehmendem Alter zu.
Diskussion Die Empfehlungen der STIKO zur Pneumokokken-Impfung bei Risikopatienten werden in Deutschland nicht in ausreichendem Maße umgesetzt. Obwohl die STIKO eine ausdrückliche Empfehlung bereits für Patienten mit 60 Jahren ausspricht, wies die Altersgruppe der 60- bis 64- Jährigen eine auffällig niedrige Impfquote auf (13,0% von n = 268 862). Darüber hinaus erhielt nicht einmal jede 5. Person ab 16 Jahren mit einer chronischen Grunderkrankung die empfohlene Indikationsimpfung. Um potenziellen Erkrankungen angemessen vorzubeugen, sollten höhere Impfraten angestrebt werden. Dies könnte vermutlich erzielt werden durch ein stringenteres Impfmanagement, geeignete Softwarelösungen mit Impferinnerung, monetäre Anreize für das Erreichen höherer Impfquoten sowie die Dokumentation des Impfstatus im Rahmen von Disease-Management-Programmen.
Knowledge and sources of information on COVID-19 among children in Ghana
Authors: Kyei-Gyamfi Sylvester , Kyei-Gyamfi Zita 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe few works on COVID-19 in Ghana have a strong emphasis on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adults regarding the disease. As a supplement to the inadequate knowledge, this study examined children’s knowledge and sources of information regarding COVID-19. It was a cross-sectional study that employed mixed research methods for data collection and analysis. The study utilized remote research methods, including a web survey and phone interviews, for data collection from a sample of 385 children in two COVID-19 hotspot cities, Accra and Tema, in Ghana. The results show that almost all children sampled were aware of COVID-19. The qualitative aspects, however, reveal that some children do not have accurate knowledge about the causes and prevention of the virus and disease. This is evident from some children’s claims that bacteria, mosquitoes, and insect bites are the causes of the transmission of the virus and disease. The study reveals the internet, social media, and television are the most common methods for children to learn about COVID-19. The findings also show differences in the information sources across the major subgroups of sex, age, and educational attainment. The study further concludes that precautions should be taken by parents and carers regarding information consumed by children on social media. Hence, there is a need for the government and its partners to increase educational drives aimed at strengthening children’s knowledge about the transmission and prevention of the virus in educational institutions and in settings where children and young people are the dominant groups.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The unified theory of acceptance and use of DingTalk for educational purposes in China: an extended structural equation model
Authors: Hou Yukun , Yu Zhonggen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With educational technology growing by leaps and bounds, synchronous online learning platforms have become a prevalent practice worldwide. Although numerous studies unraveled the behavioral intention of educational technologies with statistical methodology, there is a paucity of that of DingTalk, one of China’s most popular online platforms for synchronous learning. This study aimed to extend the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by incorporating new constructs and examining the factors that affect users’ behavioral intention and use behavior of DingTalk. The study collected 856 valid responses from China, which were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Amos 24.0. The findings indicated that (1) effort expectancy (EE), performance expectancy (PE), facilitating conditions (FC), self-efficacy (SE), and received feedback (RF) could significantly impact users’ attitudes toward behavior (ATB); (2) social influence (SI), FC, RF, and ATB could be significant predictors of user behavioral intention (BI); (3) FC, RF, and BI were found to have a significant effect on use behavior (UB); (4) the extended UTAUT model could explain 60.9% of the variance of users’ behavioral intention of DingTalk in China; (5) the study identified ATB and BI as joint mediators between certain variables in the model. The study presented a robust theoretical underpinning to explain the acceptance and use of educational technologies in China and provided insights into the future enhancement of E-learning platforms.
Influence of cracks on nonlinear motion of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Liao-Liao , Huang Yi 
Published: October 2023

The magnetic levitation system of a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC) has nonlinear vibration under external excitation, in which the HTSC is subjected to a sizable electromagnetic force. The high-temperature superconducting block is a brittle material, which will crack when subject to heavy pressure. Microfracture of superconductors is inevitable, especially in superconducting magnetic levitation systems. Our paper studies the fracture behavior of a YBaCuO superconducting magnetic levitation system under a large electromagnetic force based on nonlinear bifurcated motions. The E − J constitutive model and the current vector T method are applied to obtain the electromagnetic force of the bulk superconductor during vibration. We analyze the effects of five lengths of the central crack on vibration displacements, the electric field distribution, and the electromagnetic force of superconductors. Without damages, the system does not have apparent bifurcation motion. For the inner cracks, the system has obvious bifurcation motions. The results show that the cracks have a meaningful influence on the nonlinear vibration of the superconducting magnetic levitation system. The displacement of the suspended permanent magnet in bifurcation motion increases with the increase in the crack length, and the collision occurs when the crack length reaches 15 mm.
Synergistic mitigation of nickel toxicity in pepper (Capsicum annuum) by nitric oxide and thiourea via regulation of nitrogen metabolism and subcellular nickel distribution
Authors: Uğurlar Ferhat , Kaya Cengiz 
Published: October 2023

Nickel (Ni) contamination hinders plant growth and yield. Nitric oxide (NO) and thiourea (Thi) aid plant recovery from heavy metal damage, but their combined effects on pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant tolerance to Ni stress need more study. Sodium nitroprusside (0.1 mM, SNP) and 400 mg L−1 Thi, alone and combined, were studied for their impact on pepper growth under Ni toxicity. Ni stress reduces chlorophyll, PSII efficiency and leaf water and sugar content. However, SNP and Thi alleviate these effects by increasing leaf water, proline and sugar content. It also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase. Nickel stress lowered nitrogen assimilation enzymes (nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase) and protein content, but increased nitrate, ammonium and amino acid content. SNP and Thi enhanced nitrogen assimilation, increased protein content and improved pepper plant growth and physiological functions during Ni stress. The combined treatment reduced Ni accumulation, increased Ni in leaf cell walls and potentially in root vacuoles, and decreased Ni concentration in cell organelles. It effectively mitigated Ni toxicity to vital organelles, surpassing the effects of SNP or Thi use alone. This study provides valuable insights for addressing heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and offers potential strategies for sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices.
“Britain was already cherry-picking from the European tree without bothering to water the soil or tend to its
branches”
Authors: Milizia Denise 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Starting from the ambivalent discursive constructions of belongings and attachments, this paper is a description
of the uneasy and uncomfortable relation between the UK and the ‘continent’. It discusses the historical British insular attitude
looking at the metaphorical language used around Brexit, with a special emphasis on the metaphor “have one’s cake and eat it”,
referring to the “cherry-picking” attitude that the British government wishes to have, retaining EU membership benefits without
its obligations. Boris Johnson admitted that his policy on cake was “pro having it and pro eating it”, expressing an argument
that, on withdrawing from the European Union, Britain would still retain many of the benefits that it had enjoyed as a member,
since Britain was already “cherry-picking from the European tree without bothering to water the soil or tend to its branches”.
Pb10−x
Cu
x
(PO4)6O: a Mott or charge transfer insulator in need of further doping for (super)conductivity
Authors: Si Liang , Wallerberger Markus , Smolyanyuk Andriy , di Cataldo Simone , Tomczak Jan M , Held Karsten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We briefly review the status quo of research on the putative superconductor Pb9Cu(PO4)6O also known as LK-99. Further, we provide ab initio derived tight-binding parameters for a two- and five-band model, and solve these in dynamical-mean-field theory. The interaction-to-bandwidth ratio makes LK-99 a Mott or charge transfer insulator. Electron or hole doping (which is different from substituting Pb by Cu and thus differs from LK-99) is required to make it metallic and potentially superconducting.
Research on the mechanism of electromagnetic ultrasonic energy transfer based on dynamic multi-magnetic vector coupling
Authors: Zhang Jia , Xing Yan-hao , Pang Hai-bo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The traditional electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) in steel plate inspection has a problem of suboptimal energy transfer efficiency due to fixed static sensitivity. The dynamic sensitivity detection method with multi-magnetic vector coupling is proposed based on the principle of mutual conversion of electromagnetic fields inside and outside the workpiece. The conversion relationship of multi-magnetic vector coupling was analyzed, and then a mathematical model of rotational wave displacement between wave displacement and magnetic parameters was established. This approach theoretically guides the modeling, simulation, and design optimization of high energy conversion efficiency EMATs. The experiment shows that under the action of rotating magnetic field, different rotating directions and deflection angles have varied detection effects. The optimal energy transfer efficiency of the transducer under the dynamic multi-magnetic vector coupling mechanism is effectively improved compared with the static traditional form. The optimal signal amplitude of the dynamic sensitivity detection method is 3.73 times that of traditional detection signals. The electromagnetic ultrasonic dynamic multi-magnetic vector coupling detection method explores new ideas for the mechanism analysis from static to dynamic and guarantees high sensitivity detection and evaluation of steel plates.
Laser absorption tomography based on unstructured meshing
Authors: Liu Hecong , Peng Fan , Sanders Scott T , Cai Weiwei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Laser absorption tomography is an imaging technique used to monitor gas flow and combustion processes. The measurement plane is typically discretized using square pixels in which the flow field is assumed to be uniform. This approach can introduce large discretization errors compared to a finite element mesh with linear interpolation, especially when the domain has an irregular and non-rectangular boundary. In this work, we assess the influence of triangular mesh and quadrilateral mesh schemes on reconstruction accuracy. Our theoretical analysis and numerical studies demonstrate that linear interpolation yields superior performance compared to the conventional uniform-pixel method, and the error can be reduced from 0.250 to 0.097 and 0.160 to 0.105 for triangular and quadrilateral meshes, respectively. Non-body-fitted mesh can increase error by 70

%

–99

%

. The experiment also proves the superiority of body-fitted meshes with linear interpolation. Moreover, triangular mesh exhibits better noise immunity than quadrilateral mesh. The reconstruction quality appears to be insensitive to the mesh quality for the quadrilateral mesh.
LF-YOLOv4: a lightweight detection model for enhancing the fusion of image features of surface defects in lithium batteries
Authors: Chen Xiaoxin , Jiang Zhansi , Cheng Hao , Zheng Hongxin , Du Yixian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In response to the low accuracy of traditional methods for detecting surface defects in lithium batteries, as well as the problems of large model size and high computational complexity in current detection models, this article proposes a new lightweight LF-YOLOv4 model that enhances image feature fusion. Firstly, replace the CSPDarknet53 backbone network in YOLOv4 with a lightweight MobileNetv2 network, thereby greatly reducing the computational parameters of the network while ensuring the ability to extract features. Secondly, in order to further reduce the number of model parameters and computational complexity, and minimize potential accuracy loss as much as possible, an improved depthwise separable convolution (DSC-SE-HsId) in this article was studied, which replaced some ordinary convolutions in the Neck and Head networks. Finally, in order to compensate for the partial accuracy loss caused by lightweight operations, and also to fuse feature maps of different scales to obtain more complete feature information, a new lightweight adaptive spatial feature fusion module (LSE-ASFF) in this article was studied and embedded behind the existing path aggregation network (PANet). In order to verify the performance and widespread applicability of the improved model, we conducted tests using the self-built lithium battery surface defect dataset, and the steel surface defect dataset provided by Northeastern University. Moreover, in order to prevent the network training from over fitting due to too few defect samples in the self-built dataset, we also used image enhancement to expand the dataset. And the experiment results show that the improved model proposed in this article achieves the highest TOPSIS score in both experimental datasets. Among them, compared with YOLOv4 on the self-built dataset, our improved model not only increases mAP50 by 2.97%, reaching 97.83%, but also has model parameters of only 18.16% of the original model, floating point of operations of only 13.87% of the original model, model size of only 21.02% of the original model, and model training time shortened by 30.67% compared to the original model. At last, the effectiveness and superiority of the improved model in this article are demonstrated through example analysis and comparison.
High-precision voltammetry method for measuring the permeability of permalloy at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field
Authors: Lu Yan , Hong Zhihui , Qiu Shengjie , Zhang Lu , Sun Jinji 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The permeability of permalloy at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field is a crucial and fundamental parameter for analyzing the low frequency shielding factor of magnetically shielded rooms. However, due to limitations in the accuracy of the existing magnetic flux signal measuring system, the permeability at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field is challenging to precisely determine. Therefore, a high-precision voltammetry method for measuring the permeability of permalloy at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field is proposed in this paper. First, the theory of the voltammetry method and the required level of induced voltage accuracy are derived and thoroughly analyzed. Then, the voltage acquisition module with ultra-low noise is designed by using four parallel instrumentation amplifiers, and the magnitude of the noise is quantified by establishing the noise analysis model for the voltage acquisition module. Finally, the system for measuring the permeability at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field is set up, and its feasibility is verified by comparing the measurement results of permeability at 10 Hz with the commercial soft magnetic instrument. The results show that the system is capable of measuring the permeability of permalloy at 0.01 Hz to 1 Hz, with repeatability error of less than 3%. The method can also be applied to measure the permeability of other soft magnetic materials.
On the potential of physics-informed neural networks to solve inverse problems in tokamaks
Authors: Rossi Riccardo , Gelfusa Michela , Murari Andrea ,   on behalf of JET contributors
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion holds great promise as a source of clean and sustainable energy for the future. However, achieving net energy from fusion reactors requires a more profound understanding of the underlying physics and the development of efficient control strategies. Plasma diagnostics are vital to these efforts, but accessing local information often involves solving very ill-posed inverse problems. Regrettably, many of the current approaches for solving these problems rely on simplifying assumptions, sometimes inaccurate or not completely verified, with consequent imprecise outcomes. In order to overcome these challenges, the present study suggests employing physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to tackle inverse problems in tokamaks. PINNs represent a type of neural network that is versatile and can offer several benefits over traditional methods, such as their capability of handling incomplete physics equations, of coping with noisy data, and of operating mesh-independently. In this work, PINNs are applied to three typical inverse problems in tokamak physics: equilibrium reconstruction, interferometer inversion, and bolometer tomography. The reconstructions are compared with measurements from other diagnostics and correlated phenomena, and the results clearly show that PINNs can be easily applied to these types of problems, delivering accurate results. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of PINNs as a powerful tool for integrated data analysis. Overall, this study demonstrates the great potential of PINNs for solving inverse problems in magnetic confinement thermonuclear fusion and highlights the benefits of using advanced machine learning techniques for the interpretation of various plasma diagnostics.
Erosion estimates for the divertor and main wall components from STEP
Authors: Kirschner A. , Henderson S.S. , Brezinsek S. , Romazanov J. , Kovari M. , Baumann C. , Linsmeier Ch. , Flynn E. , Hess J. , Osawa R.T. , Newton S.L. , Moulton D. ,   the STEP Team
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The tungsten erosion within Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) assuming tungsten main wall and tungsten divertor has been estimated with ERO at the inner and outer divertor, at the inner and outer midplane and at the outboard baffle entrance. Plasma parameters are based on SOLPS simulations applying argon puffing for edge cooling. The plasma parameter range covers peak electron temperatures T
e between 3 and 25 eV in the divertor. At the inner midplane T
e ∼ 13 eV, at the outer midplane ∼7 eV and at the outboard baffle entrance between 1 eV and 4 eV. The modelled peak gross erosion is highest in the divertor with up to 1E19 W m−2 s−1 within the inner and 7E19 W m−2 s−1 in the outer one for the plasma parameter range studied. At the main wall the gross erosion is about 2E18 W m−2 s−1 at the inner midplane and 1.3E17 W m−2 s−1 at the outer one. However, tungsten deposition within the divertor is much larger with amounts between 88% and 98% and only between 10% and 60% at the midplane. At all locations studied, tungsten erosion due to deuterium ions is negligibly small compared to the erosion by argon ions. Erosion due to deuterium atoms has been studied for the outer midplane and is there at least four times smaller than the erosion due to argon ions. The simulations have been performed considering singly ionised Ar. However, according to the SOLPS runs the mean charge of Ar impinging the surfaces is about two at the locations of largest erosion, which leads to an increase of the gross erosion by a factor between 1.5 and 5 with the largest increase occurring at the outer divertor target.