bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication toxicity among patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ward Michael M. , Kuzis Susana 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the role of medication toxicity in the discontinuation of antirheumatic treatment among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to compare the toxicity of different medications.MethodsIn a prospective longitudinal study of 241 patients with AS, we examined the duration of treatment and discontinuations due to side effects of new courses of sulfasalazine, methotrexate, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac, piroxicam, nabumetone, and celecoxib.ResultsOf the 241 patients, 167 reported having a new treatment course of either sulfasalazine (n = 49), methotrexate (n = 19), ibuprofen (n = 105), naproxen (n = 57), indomethacin (n = 50), diclofenac (n = 38), piroxicam (n = 34), nabumetone (n = 27), or celecoxib (n = 25), for a total of 404 new treatment courses. Side effects were reported in 6.7% (ibuprofen) to 47.3% (methotrexate) of the courses. Between 2% (ibuprofen) and 23.5% (piroxicam) of courses were discontinued due to toxicity. For each medication, the duration of treatment was most often limited by factors other than toxicity. The time to drug discontinuation for any reason and the time to discontinuation due to toxicity did not differ between sulfasalazine and methotrexate. The time to drug discontinuation for any reason did not differ among nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but discontinuations due to toxicity occurred earlier with piroxicam than with other NSAIDs.ConclusionAlthough medication toxicity is common among patients with AS, it is an uncommon cause of discontinuation of antirheumatic treatment.
Effects of video information on preoperative anxiety level and tolerability of joint lavage in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ayral Xavier , Gicquere Claudine , Duhalde Annie , Boucheny Denis , Dougados Maxime 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of video information on preoperative anxiety of patients scheduled to undergo joint lavage for knee osteoarthritis, and tolerability of the lavage.MethodsA video film on joint lavage (duration 4 minutes, 20 seconds) was made by medical communication professionals, based on recommendations of the medical and paramedical staff of the Institute of Rheumatology. Patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis and scheduled for lavage were assigned, using a preestablished list of randomization, to either the video group or the no‐video group. In the operating room, preoperative anxiety level was measured on a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS), and tolerability was assessed using a 4‐grade scale.ResultsOne hundred twelve patients (56 patients in each group) were included and completed the trial. Preoperative anxiety was lower by half for patients who had viewed the video (VAS 13 ± 20 versus 26 ± 27; P = 0.0056). Tolerability of knee lavage was also significantly better in the video group (very tolerable 91% versus 48%; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThis prospective, controlled, randomized study confirms the usefulness of video information prior to an invasive rheumatology procedure.
A comparison of foreign authorship distribution in JASIST and the Journal of Documentation
Authors: He Shaoyi , Spink Amanda 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article reports findings from a study of the geographic distribution of foreign authors in the Journal of American Society for Information Science & Technology (JASIST) and Journal of Documentation (JDoc). Bibliographic data about foreign authors and their geographic locations from a 50‐year publication period (1950–1999) are analyzed per 5‐year period for both JASIST and JDoc. The distribution of foreign authors by geographic locations was analyzed for the overall trends in JASIST and JDoc. UK and Canadian authors are the most frequent foreign authors in JASIST. Authors from the United States and Canada are the most frequent foreign authors in JDoc. The top 10 geographic locations with highest number of foreign authors and the top 10 most productive foreign authors were also identified and compared for their characteristics and trends.
Pharmacoepidemiologic detection of calcium channel blocker‐induced change on digoxin clearance using multiple trough screen analysis
Authors: Suematsu Fumihiro , Yukawa Eiji , Yukawa Miho , Minemoto Masao , Ohdo Shigehiro , Higuchi Shun , Goto Yoshinobu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNonlinear mixed effects modeling was used to estimate the effects of digoxin–calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine) in 336 serum levels gathered from 172 patients (104 male and 68 female) receiving oral digoxin as hospital in‐patients. The final model describing digoxin clearance (CL) was CL (l/day)=(87.9+2.71Ccr)0.872CCB0.880CHF0.937SPI0.854DFAC, where Ccr is the estimated creatinine clearance (ml/min); CCB=1 for concomitant administration of calcium channel blockers and CCB=zero otherwise; CHF=1 for the patients with congestive heart failure and CHF=zero otherwise; SPI=1 for concomitant administration of spironolactone and SPI=zero otherwise; DFAC=1 for administration of a half‐tablet of digoxin and DFAC=zero otherwise. Concomitant administration of calcium channel blockers resulted in a 13% decrease in digoxin relative clearance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ELF magnetic fields increase amino acid uptake into Vicia faba L. Roots and Alter Ion movement across the plasma membrane
Authors: Stange B.C. , Rowland R.E. , Rapley B.I. , Podd J.V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVicia faba seedlings, subjected to a 10 µT 50 Hz square wave magnetic field for 40 min together with a radioactive pulse, showed a marked increase in amino acid uptake into intact roots. A more modest increase was observed with a 100 µT 50 Hz square wave. An increase in media conductivity at low field intensities from 10 µT 50 Hz square wave, 100 µT 50 Hz sine wave, and 100 µT 60 Hz square wave fields, indicated an alteration in the movement of ions across the plasma membrane, most likely due to an increase in net outflow of ions from the root cells. Similarly, marked elevation in media pH, indicating increased alkalinity, was observed at 10 and 100µT for both square and sine waves at both 50 and 60 Hz. Our data would indicate that low magnetic field intensities of 10 and 100 µT at 50 or 60 Hz can alter membrane transport processes in root tips. Bioelectromagnetics 23:347–354, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catabolic enzyme levels in bacteria grown on binary and ternary substrate mixtures in continuous culture
Authors: Rudolph John M. , Grady C. P. Leslie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBacteria grow on multicomponent substrates in most natural and engineered environments. To advance our ability to model bacterial growth on such substrates, axenic cultures were grown in chemostats at a low specific growth rate and a constant total energy flux on binary and ternary substrate mixtures and were assayed for key catabolic enzymes for each substrate. The substrates were benzoate, salicylate, and glucose, and the enzymes were catechol 1,2‐dioxygenase, gentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase, and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively. The binary mixtures were salicylate with benzoate and salicylate with glucose. Measurements were also made of oxygen uptake rate by whole cells in response to each substrate. The effects of the substrate mixture on the oxygen uptake rate paralleled the effects on the measured enzymes. Catechol 1,2‐dioxygenase exhibited a threshold response before synthesis occurred. Below the threshold flux of benzoate through the chemostat, either basal enzyme levels or nonspecific enzymes kept reactor concentrations too low for enzyme synthesis. Above the threshold, enzyme levels were linearly related to the fraction of the total energy flux through the chemostat due to benzoate. Gentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase exhibited a linear response to the salicylate flux when mixed with benzoate, but a threshold response when mixed with glucose. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased in direct proportion to the glucose flux through the chemostat over the entire range studied. The results from two ternary mixtures were consistent with those from the binary mixtures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 188–199, 2002.
Conversion and toxicity characteristics of formaldehyde in acetoclastic methanogenic sludge
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gil G. , Kleerebezem R. , Lettinga G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn unadapted mixed methanogenic sludge transformed formaldehyde into methanol and formate. The methanol to formate ratio obtained was 1:1. Formaldehyde conversion proceeded without any lag phase, suggesting the constitutive character of the formaldehyde conversion enzymes involved. Because the rate of formaldehyde conversion declined at increased formaldehyde additions, we hypothesized that some enzymes and/or cofactors might become denatured as a result of the excess of formaldehyde. Furthermore, formaldehyde was found to be toxic to acetoclastic methanogenesis in a dual character. Formaldehyde toxicity was partly reversible because once the formaldehyde concentration was extremely low or virtually removed from the system, the methane production rate was partially recovered. Because the degree of this recovery was not complete, we conclude that formaldehyde toxicity was partly irreversible as well. The irreversible toxicity likely can be attributed to biomass formaldehyde‐related decay. Independent of the mode of formaldehyde addition (i.e., slug or continuous), the irreversible toxicity was dependent on the total amount of formaldehyde added to the system. This finding suggests that to treat formaldehyde‐containing waste streams, a balance between formaldehyde‐related decay and biomass growth should be attained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 314–322, 2002.
Enhancement of a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor system by modification of the microbial catalyst: Demonstration of concept
Authors: Vrionis H. A. , Kropinski A. M. , Daugulis A. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractApplication of two‐phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPB) to the degradation of phenol and xenobiotics has been limited by the fact that many organic compounds that would otherwise be desirable delivery solvents can be utilized by the microorganisms employed. The ability to metabolize the solvent itself could interfere with xenobiotic degradation, limiting remediation efficiency, and hence represents a microbial characteristic incompatible with process goals. To avoid the issue of bioavailability, previous TPPB applications have relied on complex and often expensive delivery solvents or suboptimal catalyst–solvent pairings. In an effort to enhance TPPB activity and applicability, a genetically engineered derivative of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 11172 mutated in its ability to utilize medium‐chain‐length alcohols was generated (AVP2) and applied as the catalyst within a TPPB system with decanol as the delivery solvent. Kinetic analysis verified that the genetic alteration had not negatively affected phenol degradation. The volumetric productivity of AVP2 (0.48 g/L h−1) was equivalent to that seen for wild‐type ATCC 11172 (0.51 g/L h−1), but a comparison of initial cell concentrations and yields revealed an improved phenol‐degrading efficiency for the mutant under process conditions. Yield coefficients, cell dry weight, and viable count determinations all confirmed the stability of the modified phenotype. This work illustrates the possibilities for TPPB process enhancement through a careful combination of genetic modification and solvent selection. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 587–594, 2002.
Metabolic behavior of immobilized Candida guilliermondii cells during batch xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse acid hydrolyzate
Authors: Carvalho Walter , Silva Silvio S. , Converti Attilio , Vitolo Michele 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCandida guilliermondii cells, immobilized in Ca‐alginate beads, were used for batch xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzate. Maximum xylitol concentration (20.6 g/L), volumetric productivity (0.43 g/L · h), and yield (0.47 g/g) obtained after 48 h of fermentation were higher than similar immobilized‐cell systems but lower than free‐cell cultivation systems. Substrates, products, and biomass concentrations were used in material balances to study the ways in which the different carbon sources were utilized by the yeast cells under microaerobic conditions. The fraction of xylose consumed to produce xylitol reached a maximum value (0.70) after glucose and oxygen depletion while alternative metabolic routes were favored by sub‐optimal conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 165–169, 2002.
Mathematical analysis of solid–liquid mass transfer in a batch reactor for the enzymatic transformation of testosterone to 4AD
Authors: Patel Shwetal , Mehra Anurag 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA previous mathematical analysis of mass transfer in a two‐phase (solid–liquid) batch reactor for enzymatic transformation of testosterone to 4AD (Pereira et al., 1987) is extended to incorporate the effect of convective mixing. The results of the analysis showed that for a given enzyme loading, the mass transfer resistance in the solid (a function of the bead size) and the intensity of convective mixing (as embodied in the mass transfer coefficient) are two parameters that can be varied such that the overall mass transfer rate from the solid to the liquid phase ensures optimal reactor performance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 647–652, 2002.
Screening for peptide affinity ligands on CIM monoliths
Authors: Pflegerl K. , Podgornik A. , Berger E. , Jungbauer A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractScreening of peptide ligands for affinity chromatography usually involves incubation with the target protein in a batch system. In an additional step, peptides with fast binding kinetics have to be selected in respect to satisfactory performance under flow conditions on a support ensuring optimal three‐dimensional presentation of the peptide. We have developed a rapid screening system based on peptide synthesis and screening on CIM® disks. The disk size was minimized to fit into microplates usually applied for solid‐phase extraction. In combination with a vacuum manifold, semi‐automated peptide synthesis and screening for binding to a target protein under simulated chromatography conditions are possible. Various analytical methods can be applied for parallel and automated determination of the quantity, integrity, or activity of the target protein in the flow through or bound to the affinity support. This system also allows parallel screening for suitable chromatographic conditions like running buffer, washing, and elution conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 733–740, 2002.
Hydrolysis of wheat starch and its effect on the Falling Number procedure: Mathematical model
Authors: Chang Shih‐Ying , Delwiche Stephen R. , Wang Nam Sun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA population balance model was developed for wheat starch hydrolysis to simulate the performance parameters of a viscosity‐based device, known as the Falling Number instrument. The instrument is widely used as an indirect means to gauge the level of preharvest sprout activity in cereal grains such as wheat and barley. The model consists of three competing kinetics: starch gelatinization, enzymatic hydrolysis, and enzyme thermal deactivation. Using established principles of starch rheology and fluid mechanics, the model simulates the velocity profiles of the falling stirrer, starch gel viscosity, and the Falling Number readings at various levels of α‐amylase. Model predictions for the velocity of the stirrer at any time during the downward fall, as well as the prediction of the total time needed for the fall, defined as the Falling Number, were in fair agreement with experimental measurements. There was better agreement between the modeled viscosity and the final viscosity of the starch gel as measured by a precision rheometer than there was with the measured Falling Number. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 768–775, 2002
Engineering of coordinated up‐ and down‐regulation of two glycosyltransferases of the O‐glycosylation pathway in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
Authors: Prati Elisabetta G. P. , Matasci Mattia , Suter Tobias B. , Dinter Andre , Sburlati Adriana R. , Bailey James E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProduction of O‐linked oligosaccharides that interact with selectins to mediate cell–cell adhesion occurs in one segment of a branched glycan biosynthesis network. Prior efforts to direct the branched pathway towards selectin‐binding oligosaccharides by amplifying enzymes in this branch of the network have had limited success, suggesting that metabolic engineering to simultaneously inhibit the competing pathway may also be required.We report here the partial cloning of the CMP‐sialic, acid:Galβ1,3GalNAcα2,3‐sialyltransferase (ST3Gal I) gene from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and the simultaneous inhibition of expression of CHO cell ST3Gal I gene and overexpression of the human UDP‐GlcNAc:Galβ1,3GalNAc‐R β1,6‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) gene. A tetracycline‐regulated system adjoined to tricistronic expression technology allowed “one‐step” transient manipulation of multiple enzyme activities in the O‐glycosylation pathway of a previously established CHO cell line already engineered to express α1,3‐fucosyltransferase VI (α1,3‐Fuc‐TVI). Tetracycline‐regulated co‐expression of a ST3Gal I fragment, cloned in the antisense orientation, and of C2GnT cDNA resulted in inhibition of the ST3Gal I enzymatic activity and increase in C2GnT activity which varied depending on the extent of tetracycline reduction in the cell culture medium. This simultaneous regulated inhibition and activation of the two key enzyme activities in the O‐glycosylation pathway of mammalian cells is an important addition to the metabolic engineering field. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 580–585, 2002.
Anatomical variations of the sural nerve
Authors: Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk , Chomsung Ranida 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn anatomical study of the formation of the sural nerve (SN) was carried out on 76 Thai cadavers. The results revealed that 67.1% of the SNs were formed by the union of the medial sural cutaneous nerve (MSCN) and the lateral sural cutaneous nerve (LSCN); the MSCN and LSCN are branches of the tibial and the common fibular (peroneal) nerves, respectively. The site of union was variable: 5.9% in the popliteal fossa, 1.9% in the middle third of the leg, 66.7% in the lower third of the leg, and 25.5% at or just below the ankle. One SN (0.7%) was formed by the union of the MSCN and a different branch of the common fibular nerve, running parallel and medial to but not connecting with the LSCN, which joined the MSCN in the lower third of the leg. The remaining 32.2% of the SNs were a direct continuation of the MSCN. The SNs ranged from 6–30 cm (mean = 14.41 cm) in length with a range in diameter of 3.5–3.8 mm (mean = 3.61 mm), and were easily located 1–1.5 cm posterior to the posterior border of the lateral malleolus. The LSCNs were 15–32 cm long (mean = 22.48 cm) with a diameter between 2.7–3.4 mm (mean = 3.22 mm); the MSCNs were 17–31 cm long (mean = 20.42 cm) with a diameter between 2.3–2.5 mm (mean = 2.41 mm). Clinically, the SN is widely used for both diagnostic (biopsy and nerve conduction velocity studies) and therapeutic purposes (nerve grafting) and the LSCN is used for a sensate free flap; thus, a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the SN and its contributing nerves are important in carrying out these and other procedures. Clin. Anat. 15:263–266, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virtual reality simulations in Web‐based science education
Authors: Shin Young‐Suk 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article presents the educational possibilities of Web‐based science education using a desktop virtual reality (VR) system. A Web site devoted to science education for middle school students has been designed and developed in the areas of earth sciences: meteorology, geophysics, geology, oceanography, and astronomy. Learners can establish by themselves the pace of their lessons using learning contents considered learner level and they can experiment in real time with the concepts they have learned, interacting with VR environments that we provide. A VR simulation program developed has been evaluated with a questionnaire from learners after learning freely on the Web. This study shows that Web‐based science education using VR can be effectively used as a virtual class. When we consider the rapid development of VR technology and lowering of cost, the study can construct more immersive environments for the education in the near future. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 10: 18–25, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10014
Impact of various intravascular ultrasound criteria for stent optimization on the six‐month angiographic restenosis
Authors: Hong Myeong‐Ki , Lee Cheol Whan , Kim June‐Hong , Kim Young‐Hak , Song Jong‐Min , Kang Duk‐Hyun , Song Jae‐Kwan , Kim Jae‐Joong , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of different intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) criteria on 6‐month angiographic restenosis in 511 patients with 560 lesions. Seven IVUS criteria were evaluated in this study; stent area at lesion segment 1) ≥ 100% of distal reference lumen area, 2) ≥ 90% of distal reference lumen area, 3) ≥ 80% of average reference lumen area, 4) ≥ 90% of average reference lumen area, 5) ≥ 55% of average reference vessel area, 6) ≥ 7 mm2, and 7) ≥ 9 mm2. Using the relative measurement (criteria 1–5), the angiographic restenosis rate was not statistically different. However, absolute measurement of stent area ≥ 7 or 9 mm2 (criteria 6 and 7) were associated with significantly lower restenosis rate (14.8% vs. 30.9%, P = 0.001, and 13.5% vs. 24.6%, P = 0.006, respectively). In conclusions, using the relative measurement of IVUS criteria, the occurrence of angiographic restenosis might not be predicted. The absolute measurement of IVUS stent area was the predictor of angiographic restenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:178–183. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meeting Review: 2002 O'Reilly Bioinformatics Technology Conference
Authors: Counsell Damian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAt the end of January I travelled to the States to speak at and attend
the first O'Reilly Bioinformatics Technology Conference .
It was a large, well‐organized and diverse meeting with an interesting history.
Although the meeting was not a typical academic conference, its style will,
I am sure, become more typical of meetings in both biological and computational
sciences.Speakers at the event included prominent bioinformatics researchers such
as Ewan Birney, Terry Gaasterland and Lincoln Stein; authors and leaders in
the open source programming community like Damian Conway and Nat Torkington;
and representatives from several publishing companies including the Nature
Publishing Group, Current Science Group and the President of O'Reilly
himself, Tim O'Reilly. There were presentations, tutorials, debates,
quizzes and even a ‘jam session’ for musical bioinformaticists.
Copyright ©2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.