bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet Concentrates: Effects of Calcium and Thrombin on Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Growth Factor Release
Authors: Lacoste Eric , Martineau Isabelle , Gagnon Guy 
Published: February 2005

Background: Clinical evidence suggests that platelet concentrate (PC) could have beneficial therapeutic effects on hard and soft tissue healing, due to the contents of growth factors (GFs) stored in the platelets. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the concentrations of platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) released from PCs and whole blood (WB), before and after the addition of various concentrations of calcium and thrombin, and 2) to assess the physiological importance of the released GFs on angiogenesis.Methods: WB and PCs were harvested and prepared from three healthy volunteers. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay tests, specific for PDGF‐BB, TGF‐β1, VEGF, and bFGF, were performed on WB and PC supernatants, collected before and 30 minutes after the addition of various concentrations of calcium and thrombin. The supernatants were also added to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures in order to measure their effects on endothelial cell proliferation.Results: Growth factor concentrations detected in PC supernatants were significantly greater (280% to 800% increase) than concentrations present in WB supernatants. Calcium and thrombin induced immediate GF release from PCs in a dose‐dependent fashion. Furthermore, PC supernatants led to greater HUVEC proliferation rates than WB supernatants. However, there was no correlation between the concentrations of specific GFs and HUVEC proliferation rates.Conclusion: These results suggest that PCs could stimulate blood vessel formation. They also reinforce the relevance for using PCs in regenerative therapies. J Periodontol 2003;74:1498‐1507.
Granulocytic Sarcoma of Gingiva: An Unusual Case with Aleukemic Presentation
Authors: Antmen B. , Haytac M.C. , Sasmaz I. , Dogan M.C. , Ergin M. , Tanyeli A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an uncommon extramedullary tumor composed of dense aggregates of immature myeloid precursor cells, which is usually associated with acute or chronic myeloid leukemia. The tumor may also be a predecessor to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It may be found in any location throughout the body; however, intraoral occurrence is extremely rare. This report describes a case of gingival granulocytic sarcoma that developed prior to AML in a 12‐year‐old female.Methods and Results: The patient, who had a 3‐month history of gingival enlargement, was diagnosed as having granulocytic sarcoma based on clinical, radiological, and histological findings. Although the tumor regressed significantly after two induction chemotherapy courses, the patient subsequently died due to pneumococcal sepsis and pleurisy.Conclusion: This case report affirms the importance of granulocytic sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of gingival enlargements, since the tumor may occur before bone marrow involvement by leukemic cells. J Periodontol 2003;74:1514‐1519.
Performance of Double Acid‐Etched Surface External Hex Titanium Implants in Relation to One‐ and Two‐Stage Surgical Procedures
Authors: Ibañez Juan C. , Tahhan Marcelo J. , Zamar Juan A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The use of external hex titanium implants is widely accepted; however, in the past few years, they have been placed by using not only the traditional two‐stage surgical protocol, but also the one‐stage surgical protocol. The aim of the present study was to compare the success rates that can be obtained from two‐stage surgeries (conventional protocol) and one‐stage surgeries when double acid‐etched surface external hex titanium implants are used.Methods: A total of 654 double acid‐etched surface external hex titanium implants were studied in 195 patients (109 females and 86 males) aged 18 to 79 (mean 49.20). These patients were followed‐up both clinically and radiographically for 3 years. Among these implants, 338 were inserted by means of two‐stage surgery and 316 were placed following the one‐stage surgery protocol.Results: The success rate of the whole sample of double acid‐etched surface implants was 99.23%. The results showed a 99.05% success rate for one‐stage surgeries and 99.40% rate for two‐stage surgeries. Only three of the implants inserted by performing one‐stage surgery and two of the implants placed using two‐stage surgery failed before they were loaded. No implants were lost after the loading was completed. The bone level at 12 months was 0.58 mm for one‐stage‐placed implants and 0.54 mm for two‐stage‐placed implants. At 24 months the bone level was 0.77 mm and 0.68, respectively, and at 36 months 0.89 and 0.83.Conclusion: The similar and high success rates obtained in one‐ and two‐stage surgeries using double acid‐etched surface external hex titanium implants demonstrate that it is possible to choose the most convenient surgical procedure for each particular case without increasing the risk of failure. J Periodontol 2003;74:1575‐1581.
Clinical Responses to Mechanical Periodontal Treatment in Chinese Chronic Periodontitis Patients with and without Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Tong Kenny S.K. , Zee Kwan‐Yat , Lee Dae‐Hyun , Corbet Esmonde F. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare 12‐month clinical responses to mechanical periodontal treatment in Chinese chronic periodontitis patients at sites with and without Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans at baseline, and to investigate the ability of mechanical periodontal treatment to eliminate A. actinomycetemcomitans.Methods: Nineteen patients and a total of 76 selected sites with a mean probing depth (PD) of ≥7 mm were studied. Whole mouth presence or absence of supragingival plaque (Pl%), bleeding on probing (BOP%), probing depth (PD), and probing attachment level (PAL) were recorded at six sites per tooth at baseline and after 3, 9, and 12 months. Baseline subgingival plaque samples were taken from the deepest PD site in each quadrant using sterile paper points and were cultured on TSBV plates for 5 days in a 5% CO2‐air incubator. All sites received mechanical periodontal treatment, which included oral hygiene instructions and supragingival and subgingival instrumentation with or without surgical access, with maintenance care being provided once every 3 months thereafter.Results: At baseline, A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated in 13 of the 19 subjects (68%) and in 29 out of the 76 sampled sites (38%). At the end of 12 months, in three of the initially A. actinomycetemcomitanspositive subjects, A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the sampled sites, while one subject, in whom A. actinomycetemcomitans was not initially found at the sampled sites was A. actinomycetemcomitans‐positive at 12 months. Multi‐level variance component models showed there was no statistically significant difference in all clinical parameters between A. actinomycetemcomitans‐positive and ‐negative subjects (P >0.05). In the sampled sites of the initially A. actinomycetemcomitans‐positive subjects, the mean PD was reduced from 7.6 ± 1.6 mm to 3.2 ± 1.8 mm, the mean PAL gain was 1.4 ± 2.0 mm, and the mean recession was 3.0 ± 2.3 mm. The corresponding figures in the sampled sites of the initially A. actinomycetemcomitans‐negative subjects were 7.5 ± 1.6 mm to 2.7 ± 1.0 mm, 2.3 ± 2.6 mm and 2.4 ± 2.2 mm for mean PD changes, PAL gain, and mean recession, respectively.Conclusions: Favorable clinical responses to mechanical periodontal therapy may occur in Chinese chronic periodontitis patients at sites infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. The mere detection of subgignival A. actinomycetemcomitans does not necessarily imply poorer treatment outcomes in the control of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2003;74:1582‐1588.
In Vivo Sensitivity of Human Root Dentin to Air Blast and Scratching
Authors: Camps Jean , Pashley David 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study evaluated the prevalence of radicular sensitivity to scratching as well as the effects of a common oxalate desensitizing agent on sensitivity to air blast and scratching.Methods: Eighty‐seven patients self‐reporting dentin hypersensitivity, with at least two hypersensitive teeth, were included. Prior to any treatment, their sensitivity to air blast was recorded and rated as absent or present, and the force necessary to trigger pain when scratching was measured with a scratchometer in cN. For each patient one sensitive tooth was treated with an oxalate desensitizing agent and the other one with a placebo solution. The same measurements were carried out after treatment.Results: Following treatment with a placebo solution, 70% of the teeth remained sensitive to air blast while only 38% of the desensitizing agent‐treated teeth remained sensitive to air blast (P <0.01). The mean force required to elicit pain prior to any treatment was 44 ±17 cN. This force statistically increased significantly after application of the placebo (53 ±17 cN) (P <0.05). After using the desensitizing agent, the force was even higher (95 ±24 cN) (P <0.01). Only 8% of the teeth treated with the desensitizing agent did not respond to treatment compared to 37% of the teeth treated with the placebo solution.Conclusions: The placebo solution had a significant effect on sensitivity to air blast and to scratching (P <0.05). The oxalate desensitizing agent was more effective than the placebo solution at decreasing the sensitivity both to air blast and to scratching (P <0.01). The sensitivity to air blast seems to be overestimated because, after using the desensitizing agent, 38% of the teeth remained sensitive to air blast but only 8% remained sensitive to scratching. Pulpal inflammation may be involved in those teeth that did not respond to treatment. J Periodontol 2003;74:1589‐1594.
Factors Associated with Periodontal Diseases in a Dental Teaching Clinic Population in Northern Jordan
Authors: Khader Yousef S. , Rice Janet C. , Lefante John J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: A cross‐sectional study of 603 subjects between 15 and 65 years of age (270 males and 333 females) from a dental teaching center serving a local population in northern Jordan was performed to identify the factors associated with probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and number of missing teeth (MT).Methods: All patients were interviewed orally and examined, using a structured questionnaire, by a single examiner. For each patient, the oral hygiene of six selected teeth and periodontal status of all teeth, excluding third molars, were assessed using plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, GR, and MT. Whole‐mouth averages of PD, CAL, and GR were calculated and used as the outcome variables.Results: Increased age, plaque index, having diabetes, and smoking more than 15 pack‐years were significantly associated with increased PD, CAL, and GR. Brushing was significantly associated with decreased PD and MT, while brushing more than once per day was associated with increased GR. Use of dental floss and having hypertension were significantly associated with increased CAL and GR. Having peptic ulcers and having allergies were significantly associated with increased CAL only.Conclusions: The findings suggest that increased age, high plaque index, having diabetes, and smoking more than 15 packyears are risk indicators of periodontal diseases as assessed by PD, CAL, and GR. Longitudinal, intervention, and etiology‐focused studies will establish whether these indicators are true risk factors. J Periodontol 2003;74:1610‐1617.
Effects of Chlorhexidine, Minocycline, and Metronidazole on Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain 381 in Biofilms
Authors: Noiri Yuichiro , Okami Yumiko , Narimatsu Masahiro , Takahashi Yusuke , Kawahara Takashi , Ebisu Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2005

Background:Porphyromonas gingivalis is found in subgingival biofilm and is associated with periodontal disease. Bacteria in biofilms are able to resist higher antimicrobial concentrations than in suspension. Little is known about the susceptibility of P. gingivalis in biofilms to antimicrobial agents. The effects of chlorhexidine gluconate, minocycline hydrochloride, and metronidazole on P. gingivalis biofilms were examined in vitro.Methods:P. gingivalis strain 381 biofilms were prepared on 32 hydroxyapatite disks. At 0, 24, 72, and 144 hours after perfusion of the three antimicrobial agents, two disks from each device were used to assess the antimicrobial effects by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence, and for morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Close relationships were found between the results of the ATP analyses and the SEM observations in all groups examined. A significant decrease (P <0.001) in ATP content was found between the chlorhexidine‐treated and control groups. The extracellular matrix structure and P. gingivalis cells were altered in the presence of chlorhexidine. Minocycline hydrochloride also caused decrease (P <0.05) in the ATP content and morphological change on P. gingivalis biofilms. Metronidazole showed no significant efficacy against P. gingivalis biofilms.Conclusion: Chlorhexidine gluconate was effective at reducing the viability of P. gingivalis 381 cells in biofilms, while minocycline hydrochloride and metronidazole exhibited weaker effects. J Periodontol 2003;74:1647‐1651.
Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide, Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α, and Interleukin‐1β on calprotectin release in human monocytes
Authors: Suryono  , Kido Jun‐ichi , Hayashi Noriko , Kataoka Masatoshi , Nagata Toshihiko 
Published: February 2005

Background: Calprotection is a major cytosolic protein of monocytes, granulocytes, and epithelial cells. It is known that calprotectin is released in inflammatory tissues and detected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontitis patients at high levels. The origin of calprotectin in GCF and its regulation in periodontal disease are unknown. In this study, we investigated the distribution of calprotectin in gingiva tissues with inflammation and the induction of calprotectin release from human monocytes by lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P‐LPS), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), or interleukin ‐1β(IL‐1β)Methods: Gingival tissues were obtained from a healthy donor and a periodontitis patient and calprotectin in gingival tissues was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and cultured with P‐LPS, TNF‐α for 30 minutes to 4 hours. The content of calprotectin in the cell and medium fractions was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)Results: Calprotectin was markedly detected at the epithelial and adjacent connective tissue with many inflammatory cells in the gingival tissue from the periodontitis patient. P‐LPS increased calprotectin release from monocytes to the maximum level after 30 minutes of treatment and its level was elevated to about 2‐ to 3‐fold of the control level in a dose‐dependent manner (1 to 1,000 ng/ml). When the effect of TNF‐α and IL‐Iβ on calprotectin release was investigated, calprotectin release significantly increased to about 2.2‐ and 1.5‐fold that of the control level, respectively.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that calprotectin release from monocytes is induced by P‐LPS, TNF‐α, and IL‐lβ, which in turn, cause and aggravate periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2003;74:1719‐1724.
Enamel Matrix Protines Bovine Porous Bone Mineral in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: Comparative Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Zucchelli G. , Amore C. , Montebugnoli L. , De Sanctis M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Various clinical studies have demonstrated that applying commercially available enamel matrix proteins (EMP) on the instrumented root surface during access flap surgery promotes clinically significant gains of clinical attachment and bone in intrabony defects. The aim of the present controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the adjunctive effect of filling the intrabony lesion with bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) to a simplified papilla preservation (SPP) flap and EMP surgical procedure.Methods: Sixty deep interproximal intrabony lesions in 60‐patients with chronic periodontitis were treated‐with the SPP flap and EMP. In the 30 test defects, the intrabony component was filled with BPBM particles previously reconstituted with the EMP gel. A stringent infection control program was adopted for 1 year. The clinical and radiographical reevaluation was made 1 year after surgery.Results: Both techniques resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements between baseline and 1 year, in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing depth (PD) reduction, and radiographic bone fill; however, the BPBM test treatment showed statistically significantly greater CAL (5.8 ± 1.1 versus 4.9 ± 1.0) and radiographic bone (DEPTH) level gains (5.3 ± 1.1 versus 4.3 ± 1.5), and less increase in gingival recession (0.4 ± 0.6 versus 0.9 ± 0.5) than the control surgical procedure.Conclusion: The present study data supported the hypothesis that the adjunctive use of BPBM in grafting intrabony defects has the ability to improve clinical and radiographical outcomes achievable with EMP alone. J Periodontal 2003;74:1725‐1735.
Reproducibility of Probing Depth Measurements Using a Constant‐Force Electronic Probe: Analysis of Inter‐ and Intraexaminer Variability
Authors: Araujo Marcelo W.B. , Benedek Kathleen M. , Benedek Janice R. , Grossi Sara G. , Dorn Joan , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Genco Robert J. , Trevisan Maurizio 
Published: February 2005

Background: Probing depth (PD) is a commonly used method to determine periodontal disease severity in both treating and evaluating disease progression. Agreement among examiners collecting data in scientific investigations is necessary to establish reliable criteria for determining levels of periodontal attachment loss. The objective of our study was to evaluate inter‐ and intraexaminer variability of PD measurements among study examiners using a constant force periodontal probe, and to compare the variability of tooth‐mean and quadrant‐mean.Methods: Three examiners, who had been previously trained and calibrated, performed measurements on 20 volunteers. Intraand interexaminer variability of sites was determined by means of standard error of measurement (SE). Data analysis included determination of error for both quadrant mean and tooth mean.Results: PD measurements for the quadrant‐mean were used to calculate the intraexaminer variability, resulting in a mean (SD) value for an SE of 0.40 mm (± 0.02). Interexaminer variability for quadrant mean was 0.16 mm (± 0.02). For tooth‐mean SE, the intraexaminer variability values were equal to 0.38 mm (± 0.07), and interexaminer variability equal to 0.24 mm (± 0.05).Conclusions: All three examiners participating in our study were able to obtain reliable measurements for PD, using the constant force electronic probe. Reproducibility did not vary appreciably when using the whole quadrant mean compared to the tooth mean. These trained examiners were able to provide reproducible measures under 0.5 mm. J Periodontol 2003;74:1736‐1740.
Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteoglycans in Human Cyclosporin‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Gnoatto Nelson , Lotufo Roberto F.M. , Toffoletto Odaly , Marquezini Mônica V. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival overgrowth is one of the side effects associated with the systemic use of cyclosporin A (CsA). In vitro studies on the extracellular matrix of gingival tissues have demonstrated an altered composition, particularly an accumulation of proteoglycans and collagen. We investigated the gene expression of extracellular matrix proteoglycans in CsA‐induced gingival tissue alterations.Methods: mRNA expression of the proteoglycans perlecan, decorin, biglycan, and versican was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in gingival samples obtained from 12 individuals, six with CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth (CsA group) and six with a normal gingiva (control group). The RT‐PCR products were subjected to 1% agarose gel electrophoresis containing ethidium bromide and analyzed qualitatively and semiquantitatively by densitometry. Density values were normalized by determining the expression of the housekeeping gene ß‐actin in the same sample. Groups were compared by the Student's t test.Results: Perlecan expression showed a marked increase (54%) in the CsA group compared to the control group (P <0.01), while no significant differences were observed for the other proteoglycans.Conclusion: CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth seems to be associated with increased expression of perlecan, a typical basement membrane proteoglycan, but not decorin, biglycan, or versican. J Periodontol 2003;74:1747‐1753.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitors Decrease Interleukin‐1β–Stimulated Prostaglandin E2 and IL‐6 Production by Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Tipton David A. , Flynn Jon C. , Stein Sidney H. , Dabbous Mustafa Kh. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Previous work showed that normal and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) gingival fibroblasts produce the boneresorbing cytokine IL‐6. PGE2 is important in regulating IL‐6 production. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs inhibit PG synthesis via COX‐1 and/or COX‐2 isoenzymes and may inhibit periodontal destruction. COX‐2 is induced after cellular activation (i.e., by inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β). Little is known about IL‐1β‐stimulated AgP fibroblast IL‐6 and PGE2 production and their regulation by COX inhibitors. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of COX‐2 inhibitors on amounts of PGE2 and IL‐6 made by IL‐1β‐stimulated gingival fibroblasts.Methods: Gingival fibroblasts (2.5 × 104) from healthy or severe periodontitis patients were cultured in serum‐free medium, with or without IL‐1β (10–11M) for 24 hours, with or without the COX‐1/2 inhibitor indomethacin or the selective COX‐2 inhibitors NS‐398, celecoxib, or rofecoxib. PGE2 and IL‐6 in culture supernatants were determined by specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)s.Results: All of the COX inhibitors caused dose‐dependent decreases in IL‐1β‐stimulated PGE2, to a maximum of >90% in all cell lines (P ≤0.0001). The selective COX‐2 inhibitors, but not indomethacin, caused partial (generally up to approximately 60%), dose‐dependent decreases in IL‐1β‐stimulated IL‐6 in all cell lines (P ≤0.003). When exogenous PGE2 was added concurrently with COX‐2 inhibitors before addition of IL‐1β, IL‐6 production returned to levels at or approaching that produced by cells exposed only to IL‐1β (P ≤0.04).Conclusion: The results suggest that COX‐2 inhibition may be useful in helping to control fibroblast production of IL‐6 in patients with severe periodontitis. J Periodontol 2003;74:1754‐1763.