bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reputation Management Capabilities as Decision Rules*
Authors: Heugens Pursey P. M. A. R. , Van Riel Cees B. M. , Van Den Bosch Frans A. J. 
Published: November 2004

abstract We draw on a detailed grounded theory study of the reactions of Dutch food firms to the recent introduction of genetically modified foods to inductively identify the capabilities that firms develop in response to reputational threats. Central to the view on capabilities we propose are the decision rules organizations use to link individual actions to organizational outcomes. Four reputation management capabilities were identified, which were aimed at, respectively: (1) engaging in a cooperative dialogue with relevant stakeholders; (2) presenting the organizational point of view favourably in the eyes of external beholders; (3) avoiding organizational ‘ownership’ of critical reputational threats; and (4) communicating meaningfully with affected parties, even under conditions of high adversity and time‐pressure.
Survival and Failure of Small Businesses Arising Through Government Privatization: Insights from Two New Zealand Firms*
Authors: Mouly V. Suchitra , Sankaran Jayaram K. 
Published: November 2004

abstract Redundancies of personnel arising from the corporatization and even subsequent privatization/closure of several federal departments have contributed to the number of small businesses in New Zealand, a phenomenon that will likely be mirrored at least partially as other nations progressively liberalize their economies. Small businesses with such origins would appear to be especially prone to failure in a progressively liberalized trading environment; their precursors in the parent government departments or agencies would have been cocooned from immediate market conditions through budgetary allocations and a lack of competition. However, the scholarly literature on the behaviour of such small businesses is scant. Accordingly, we report the findings from a comparative investigation of two businesses that arose in the wake of the failure/closure of a corporatized federal service agency in New Zealand; one of the two businesses was much more successful than the other. Our major finding is that a small firm with such origins is likely to survive to the extent it avoids becoming complacent and being ‘stuck in the mud’ of the legacy of the failed federal parent. A predictor of such ability is the timing of small business formation: a small business that is formed by members who depart from the dying federal parent organization when the latter's closure is apparent, is more likely to survive than a business whose formation is precipitated by the demise of the federal parent and whose members remain in the parent organization until its formal closure.
Hepatic iron loading in patients with compound heterozygous HFE mutations
Authors: Lim Ee Mun , Rossi Enrico , De Boer W. Bastiaan , Reed William D. , Jeffrey Gary P. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract: Aim: To assess the severity of hepatic iron loading in patients with a compound heterozygous C282Y/H63D HFE genotype.Methods: A total of 246 patients were referred to the Hepatology Clinic at a tertiary hospital for HFE genotyping and further assessment of elevated serum transferrin saturation and/or ferritin results, either with or without abnormal liver function tests. Subjects of the study were 19 patients compound heterozygous for HFE who had liver biopsy, quantitative liver iron estimation and liver histopathology.Results: Mild iron overload [hepatic iron concentration between 30 and 100 μmol/g dry weight], was present in 16/19 compound heterozygous patients, three patients had values within the reference range. As well as the compound heterozygous HFE genotype, 18/19 patients were found to have had at least one additional risk factor for developing either iron loading or liver disease.Conclusion: Compound heterozygous patients show no more than mild liver iron loading. The decision whether or not to recommend liver biopsy in C282Y/H63D patients with abnormal serum iron indices and/or liver function tests should be based on the need to evaluate liver damage rather than solely to assess liver iron loading.
Clinical significance of elevated alanine aminotransferase in blood donors: a follow‐up study
Authors: Torezan‐Filho Mario Antonio , Alves Venancio Avancini Ferreira , Neto César Almeida , Fernandes Helena Sabino , Strauss Edna 
Published: November 2004

Abstract: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in blood donors can be related to many variables such as viral hepatitis, overweight and ethanol consumption.Background/Aims: This study aims to define factors associated with ALT elevation in candidates for blood donation, to evaluate ALT levels during follow‐up, and to establish a histological diagnosis of hepatic disease.Methods: Alcoholism, obesity, drug‐induced liver disease, diabetes, hemochromatosis and α 1‐anti‐trypsin deficiency were investigated in 119 subjects (113 males, six females, aged 33.4±8.4 years) who were hepatitis B surface antigen/anti‐hepatitis C virus negative and had been rejected as blood donors as a result of elevated ALT (>1.5 times the upper normal limit (UNL) in two determinations). During follow‐up, ALT was determined every 8 weeks and liver biopsy recommended in cases with persistently elevated ALT levels.Results: Obesity (30.2%) and alcoholism (28.6%) were most frequently associated with ALT elevation and in 9.2% of cases no association was found. ALT levels decreased significantly, regardless of the associated factor. Liver histology in 40 patients showed steatosis (35%), steatohepatitis (30%), non‐specific reactive hepatitis (12.5% of cases), normal liver (15% of cases) and alcoholic cirrhosis, hemochromatosis and non‐specific portal fibrosis in three cases.Conclusion: ALT levels usually dropped during follow‐up and although severe hepatic lesions can be found in asymptomatic blood donors, mild hepatic damage is the rule.
REMARKS ON REALIZING CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM W3 SYMMETRY
Authors: MOHAMMEDI NOUREDDINE 
Published: November 2004

The relation between Jordan algebras and the nonlinear W3 algebra is explored quantum mechanically. Realization of classical W3 symmetry assumes the existence of some constant coefficients dijk (i,j,k = 1, … D) obeying some algebraic constraints. Recent works produced solutions to these constraints and established a link with Jordan algebras for the four special dimensions D = 5, 8, 14 and 26. In the present work we consider a general free field realization of quantum W3 and show that this relation with Jordan algebras breaks down at least for D = 5 and 8. We also present some general solutions to the dijk constraints for D = 2 and D = 3 cases. The D = 2 solution is then used in the free field construction and Fateev and Zamolodchikov's realization is obtained as a special case of this solution.
INFLATION IN KALUZA-KLEIN COSMOLOGY I: TRANSFORMATION TO FOURTH-ORDER GRAVITY
Authors: SCHMIDT HANS-JÜRGEN 
Published: November 2004

The higher-dimensional Einstein vacuum equation with Λ-term is shown to be conformally equivalent to the four-dimensional field equation of scale-invariant fourth-order gravity. This holds for a general warped product between space-time and internal space of arbitrary dimension m which turns out to be an Einstein space. (The limit m → ∞ makes sense!) Thus, the results concerning the attractor property of the power-law inflationary solution derived for fourth-order gravity hold for the Kaluza-Klein model, too.
STM OBSERVATION OF GRATING SURFACES
Authors: OSHIO TAKANORI , SAKAI YOSHIYUKI , EHARA SHAW , TAKASHIMA KŌSHI 
Published: November 2004

Three dimensional topographic images of optical grating surfaces have been obtained by the use of an STM. The STM can measure the grating surfaces in detail in air without touching the surfaces. The shape of an STM image is deformed from that of the real surface in some respects due to the finite radius of curvature, R, of the pointed probe tip. Reference figures, each of which shows the resultant STM shape of the image corresponding to a real surface having a certain set of values of blaze angle, θ, and apex angle, ϕ, have been prepared. With the aid of these figures, we could estimate, conversely, values of θ and ϕ, in addition to R of the tip used, from the STM image obtained. The possible ambiguities in the estimation were also discussed. Thus, θ and ϕ values of gratings with line densities of 1,200 ~ 18,000 line/mm have been measured with errors of less than 10%. This conducting method with the use of an STM and reference figures may be very effective in the inspection of surfaces fabricated by submicron machining in general.
A TOOL THAT SUPPORTS CONSTRUCTING CHINESE EXPERT SYSTEMS
Authors: FU LI-MIN 
Published: November 2004

This paper describes EJAUNDICE, which is designed to be a general-purpose expert system building tool. Considerations behind a number of design decisions for purposes of generality are examined. EJAUNDICE provides several control schemes, including biphasical control with goal-directed reasoning, data-driven processing, and control blocks, and integrates rule-based, frame-based, and logic-based reasoning paradigms in its framework. The issues of knowledge representation and input/output in developing a Chinese expert system are also investigated.
REJECTION OF SEISMIC FALSE TRIGGERS BY STATISTICAL SIGNAL SEGMENTATION
Authors: GRAZIANO F. , LENZI G. , SALVANESCHI P. 
Published: November 2004

Microseismic networks, equipped with digital recorders triggered by STA/LTA threshold, may be affected by a high number of false triggers. These cause wastage of computing resources (cpu time and mass storage) and is unacceptable in managing data from many networks. The aim of this study is to test the capability to reject false triggers by statistical segmentation (as proposed by Chen). The sample set includes 580 readable microquakes and 2,310 other signals including spurious noises and unreadable quakes. Signals are partitioned into fixed length sections. For every couple of contiguous sections the waveform statistical difference is measured by computing the entropy distance. The features vector characterizing a signal is composed of: the maximum value of entropy distance, the occurrence time of this maximum value and the AR(3) coefficients of the section beginning at the occurrence time. Several classification methods have been used: the best results come from the Fisher classifier applied to the features vectors with dimensionality reduced by the Foley-Sammon transform.
AM/AG MODEL: A HIERARCHICAL SOCIAL SYSTEM METAPHOR FOR DISTRIBUTED PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: SHIN D.G. , LEONE J. 
Published: November 2004

This work explores a distributed problem solving (DPS) approach, namely the AM/AG (Amplification/Aggregation) model. The AM/AG model is a hierarchic social system metaphor for DPS based on Mintzberg’s model of organizations. At the core of the model are information flow mechanisms, namely, amplification and aggregation. Amplification is a process of decomposing a given task, called an agenda, into a set of subtasks with magnified degree of specificity and distributing them to multiple processing units downward in the hierarchy. Aggregation is a process of combining the results reported from multiple processing units into a unified view, called a resolution, and promoting the conclusion upward in the hierarchy. Amplification is discussed in detail. A set of generative rules is introduced. Each rule specifies a set of actions for transforming an input agenda into other forms with higher specificity. The proposed model can be used to account for the memory recall process which makes associations between vast amounts of related concepts, sorts out the combined results, and promotes the most plausible ones. An example of memory recall is used to illustrate the model.
A FRAMEWORK FOR DYNAMIC SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES MANAGEMENT
Authors: HOWARD RANDY , KERSCHBERG LARRY 
Published: November 2004

The use of Web services as a means of dynamically discovering, negotiating, composing, executing and managing services to materialize enterprise-scale workflow is an active research topic. Existing approaches involve many disparate concepts, frameworks and technologies. What is needed is a comprehensive and overarching framework that handles the processing and workflow requirements of Virtual Organizations, maps them to a collection of service-oriented tasks, dynamically configures these tasks from available services, and manages the choreography and execution of these services. The goal is to add semantics to Web services to endow them with capabilities needed for their successful deployment in enterprise-scale systems for Virtual Organizations. This paper introduces such a framework, the Knowledge-based Dynamic Semantic Web Services (KDSWS) Framework that addresses in an integrated end-to-end manner, the life-cycle of activities involved in preparing, publishing, requesting, discovering, selecting, configuring, deploying, and delivering Semantic Web Services. In particular, the following issues are addressed with an emphasis on adaptability to rapidly changing environments and standards: (1) semantic specification of both service's and requestor's capabilities, constraints and preferences including quality of service, trust, and security; (2) transaction control and workflow management; and (3) resource management, interoperation and evolution of the Virtual Organization.
The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics by Tony Bennett/Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums
Authors: Bright Brenda 
Published: November 2004

The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics. Tony Bennett. New York: Routledge, 1995. + 278 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $19.95 (paper).Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. Carol Duncan. New York: Routledge, 1995. + 178 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.
Different measures of risk perceptions yield different patterns of interaction for combinations of hazards: smoking, family history and cardiac events
Authors: French David P. , Marteau Theresa M. , Sutton Stephen , Kinmonth Louise 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSome combinations of hazards yield disease rates greater than would be expected from the risk attributable to each hazard in isolation. However, perceptions are often more consistent with the combined risk being seen as less than the sum of the individual factors, raising concerns over the validity of some measures of risk perception. Here, 249 adults estimated the risk of cardiac events for four hypothetical men, described as having high or low levels of smoking and family history of heart disease. Three distinct measures were used. A 9‐point scale produced a strong sub‐additive interaction, a 101‐point scale produced a weaker sub‐additive interaction, and an unbounded scale produced no interaction. In this study, as in all previous research, scales with relatively few points (here a 9‐point scale) yield sub‐additive interactions. Given the consistency of results yielded by such scales, irrespective of context, it is concluded that these scales are not valid for perceptions of multiple risk factors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction: TGF‐β1 and donor dendritic cells are common key components in donor‐specific blood transfusion and anti‐class II heart graft enhancement, whereas tolerance induction also required inflammatory cytokines down‐regulation (Vol. 31(10) 2001, pp 3111–3120)
Authors: Gagne Katia , Brouard Sophie , Guillet Marina , Cuturi Maria‐Cristina , Soulillou Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this article, the name of Jean‐Paul Soulillou was unfortunately published incorrectly: the correct spelling is as given here.
Electroosmotic guiding of sample flows in a laminar flow chamber
Authors: Besselink Geert A. J. , Vulto Paul , Lammertink Rob G. H. , Schlautmann Stefan , van den Berg Albert , Olthuis Wouter , Engbers Gerard H. M. , Schasfoort Richard B. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe so‐called address‐flow principle is described: a valveless, electroosmotically driven technology used for controlling the stream profile in a laminar flow chamber. The method is explained, and a theoretical description and experimental verification are presented. Adjustment of the flow of two electroosmotically controlled guiding streams, running parallel to a central sample stream, can be used for positioning the sample stream in the dimension perpendicular to the flow direction. The results presented show that address‐flow microfluidics allow easy and accurate control of sample stream position and width. The electroosmotic flow (EOF)‐controlled guiding of microfluidic flows described in this paper, is a new unit operation that might aid in separation and collection in microfluidic devices. One possible application of address‐flow microfluidics is guiding of capillary electrophoresis‐separated components over a multisensor array, in order to perform affinity assays.
Performance of electrokinetic supercharging for high‐sensitivity detection of DNA fragments in chip gel electrophoresis
Authors: Xu Zhongqi , Nishine Tsutomu , Arai Akihiro , Hirokawa Takeshi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractChip gel electrophoresis was explored for high‐sensitivity detection of DNA by combining electrokinetic injection with transient isotachophoresis preconcentration (here named electrokinetic supercharging (EKS)). Low concentrations (0.2 mg/L) of DNA sample could be detected without fluorescence labeling using a conventional UV detector (at 260 nm). On a single‐channel microchip, identification of PCR product was performed by exploiting both external and internal calibration methods. The deviation between the two calibration methods was about 3.6%, and the identified DNA fragment size matched with the predicted size of the template DNA. On the cross microchip the EKS preconcentration has also been achieved when changing the injection reservoir differing from the one used previously. The procedure was computer‐simulated and the influence of the voltage applied to two‐side reservoirs on sample preconcentration and dilution was also discussed.
Separation of proteins by zone electrophoresis on‐line coupled with isotachophoresis on a column‐coupling chip with conductivity detection
Authors: Ölvecká Eva , Kaniansky Dušan , Pollák Branislav , Stanislawski Bernd 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis feasibility study deals with the separations of proteins by an on‐line combination of zone electrophoresis (ZE) with isotachophoresis (ITP) on a poly(methylmethacrylate) column‐coupling (CC) chip with integrated conductivity detection. ITP and ZE provided specific analytical functions while performing the cationic mode of the separation. ITP served, mainly, for concentrations of proteins and its concentrating power was beneficial in reaching a low dispersion transfer (injection) of the proteinous constituents, loaded on the CC chip in a 960 nL volume, into the ZE separation stage. This was complemented by an electrophoretically driven removal of the sample constituents migrating in front of the focused proteins from the separation system before the ZE separation. On the other hand, ZE served as a final separation (destacking) method and it was used under the separating conditions providing the resolutions and sensitive conductivity detections of the test proteins. In this way, ITP and ZE cooperatively contributed to low‐ or sub‐μg/mL concentration detectabilities of proteins and their quantitations at 1–5 μg/mL concentrations. However, a full benefit in concentration detectabilities of proteins, expected from the use of the ITP–ZE combination, was not reached in this work. Small adsorption losses of proteins and detection disturbances in the ZE stage of separation, very likely due to trace constituents concentrated by ITP, appear to set limits in the detection of proteins in our experiments. The ITP–ZE separations were carried out in a hydrodynamically closed separation compartment of the chip with suppressed hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flows of the electrolyte solutions. Such transport conditions, minimizing fluctuations of the migration velocities of the separated constituents, undoubtedly contributed to highly reproducible migrations of the separated proteins (fluctuations of the migration time of a particular protein were typically 0.5% RSD in repeated ITP–ZE runs).
Electrokinetic pumping and detection of low‐volume flows in nanochannels
Authors: Mela Petra , Tas Niels R. , Berenschot Erwin J. W. , van Nieuwkasteele Jan , van den Berg Albert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractElectrokinetic pumping of low‐volume rates was performed on‐chip in channels of small cross sectional area and height in the sub‐μm range. The flow was detected with the current monitoring technique by monitoring the change in resistance of the fluid in the channel upon the electroosmosis‐driven displacement of an electrolyte solution by a second electrolyte solution. Flow rates in the order of 0.1 pL/s were successfully generated and detected. The channels were fabricated with the sacrificial layer technology.
Unsteady transport phenomena in free‐flow electrophoresis – prerequisite of ultrafast sample cleaning in microfluidic devices
Authors: Klepárník Karel , Otevřel Marek 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe evolution partial differential equations describing the transport processes induced by hydrodynamic flow in free‐flow electrophoresis (FFE) are solved by the generalized dispersion theory. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that the central injection of solutes into a relatively fast hydrodynamic flow enables to transport them to the channel outlet well before they are spread through the width of the channel and their migration is negatively affected by a contact with walls. In this case, the axial zone spreading decreases by increasing the linear velocity of hydrodynamic flow. The resulting dependencies of convective and dispersion coefficients on the velocity of flow and parameters of the separation channel show the optimum separation conditions with respect to resolution and analysis time. Due to the unsteady character of transport processes, effective FFE separations can potentially be performed in a microfluidic device in seconds. This is a reasonable time to separate low‐molecular mass impurities in the electric field. Thus, a fast and efficient sample cleaning before subsequent analysis by electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) or another separation method can be performed.
Semiquantitative determination of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice by reverse‐ transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis – laser induced fluorescence using microchip technology
Authors: Funes‐Huacca Maribel , Correia de Almeida Regitano Luciana , Mueller Odilo , Carrilho Emanuel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe semiquantitative detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrrestris in orange juice by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with a linear dynamic range of 2×105– 2 colony forming units (CFU)/mL in terms of cell count is described. Separation, detection, and quantification of the RT‐PCR products were accomplished using the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer in conjunction with the DNA 1000 LabChip kit. After 0 and 12 h of enrichment, it was possible to generate a linear standard curve between the amount of cells and amplicon concentration of RT‐PCR and PCR products. Using this method, cell diminution was verified in samples of orange juice treated with a natural inhibitor (Sapindus saponaria), determining the persistence of viable cells. Semiquantitative RT‐PCR using the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer is a potentially useful approach for rapid in vitro determination of A. acidoterrestris and monitoring of inhibitor susceptibility for the orange juice‐producing industry.