bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronotrophic effects of skeletal muscle fractions on neurite development
Authors: Hsu L. , Natyzak D. , Trupin G. L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSoluble fractions of chick embryonic skeletal muscle stimulated radial outgrowth of long neurites from peripheral ganglia. Dorsal root ganglia were more responsive to the growth stimulus of muscle fractions than sympathetic ganglia. Muscle fractions from chicks immobilized with d‐tubocurarine chloride (dtc) were significantly more effective in stimulating growth than normal muscle fractions. Neuritic outgrowth stimulated by muscle fractions was not blocked by antisera to the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) indicating that these neuronotrophic effects were not due to NGF.
The motor end‐plate fine structure and ultrastructural localization of acetylcholine receptors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Tsujihata Mitsuhiro , Hazama Ryuji , Yoshimura Toshiro , Satoh Akira , Mori Masataka , Nagataki Shigenobu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe motor end‐plate fine structure and distribution of junctional acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were studied. Morphometric analysis was carried out in 74 end‐plates (92 innervated and 47 denuded postsynaptic regions) from 10 patients with ALS. AChR was studied by means of peroxidaselabeled α‐bungarotoxin binding in 45 end‐plates (86 innervated and 36 denuded postsynaptic regions) from 6 patients with ALS. The postsynaptic regions were denuded of their nerve terminals in 33.8% (9.8% in controls). However, the postsynaptic folds in denuded regions were fairly well preserved, as were junctional AChRs. No highly simplified postsynaptic regions were observed. These results suggest that reinnervation of the skeletal muscle by nerve sprouting in ALS may occur in the previously denuded postsynaptic regions and the preserved postsynaptic regions including AChRs, the basement membrane, and Schwann cells may play an important role in this process.
Acute vs. chronic compressive neuropathy
Authors: Miller Robert G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractStudies of the management of acute and chronic compressive peripheral neuropathies have not kept pace with advances in our understanding of the pathophsiology of these disorders. In this review, the pathophysiological differences between acute and chronic compressive neuropathy are reviewed from experimental models as well as from clinical examples in humans. It is concluded that surgical intervention is unlikely to alter significantly the course of recovery in acute compressive neuropathies. Similarly, in chronic compressive neuropathies without progressive weakness, conservative treatment is indicated because of the high incidence of spontaneous improvement. However, in patients with progressive weakness, especially in conjunction with electrophysiological evidence of partial denervation or conduction block (but not simply slowing of nerve conduction), surgical treatment is recommended.
Unclassified familial myopathy resembling steinert disease, without myotonia
Authors: Telerman‐Toppet Nicole , Khoubesserian Patrick , Bacq Michèle , Durdu Jacques , Lambelin Dominique , Lousberg Geneviève , Coërs Christian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA familial myopathy with predominantly proximal muscle atrophy is described. Although several clinical features such as sternomastoid and brachioradialis muscle involvement suggested Steinert disease, myotonia was not demonstrated by clinical examination or EMG. Histological data were consistent with myotonic dystrophy.
Endoneurial ATPase activity in tangier disease and other peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Sutherland Wayne H. F. , Pollock Martin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEndoneurial sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+‐ATPase) and Mg2+‐ATPase activities were determined in routine sural nerve biopsies from patients being evaluated for peripheral neuropathy. A significant reduction of endoneurial Na+, K+‐ATPase and Mg2+‐ATPase activities was shown in six sural nerve biopsies from patients with Tangier disease complicated by mononeuopathy multiplex or progressive axonal neuropathy. Peripheral nerve ATPase activities did not correlate with myelinated or unmyelinated nerve fiber densities in these biopsies. Other peripheral neuronal disorders with reduced endoneurial Na+, K+‐ATPase and Mg2+‐ATPase activities included severe vasculitic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, tomaculous neuropathy, and motoneuron disease. Such reduced levels of ATPase activity in peripheral nerve may relate to altered endoneurial lipid metabolism and impaired axoplasmic flow.
Membrane currents in human intercostal muscle at varied extracellular potassium
Authors: Kwiecinski Hubert , Lehmann‐Horn Frank , Rüdel Reinhardt 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHyperpolarizing and depolarizing square steps were imposed on the membrane potential of excised human intercostal muscle fibers by means of a 3‐microelectrode voltage clamp. The steady‐state amplitudes of the membrane currents inducing such steps were investigated as a function of the membrane potential, while the muscle was bathed in solutions varying in potassium content (Ke = 1, 3.5, 7, 20, and 60 mM). At all potassium concentrations, the membrane acted as a rectifier, both in the inward‐ and outward‐going directions. Inward currents were much reduced when Ke was lowered from 3.5 to 1 mM, and were increased when Ke was raised beyond 3.5 mM. The delayed outward current was reduced when Ke was increased from 3.5 mM to 7 mM and higher potassium concentration. The results were qualitatively similar to those reported for rat skeletal muscle.
Distal muscular dystrophy with autosomal recessive inheritance
Authors: Scoppetta Ciriaco , Vaccario Maria Luigia , Casali Carlo , di Trapani Girolamo , Mennuni Gioacchino 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTwo sisters presented with distal weakness and their muscle biopsy was dystrophic. This distal muscular dystrophy has an autosomal recessive inheritance and its features are somewhat different from the more common autosomal dominant distal muscular dystrophy and include: (a) onset in early adult life: (b) involvement of distal leg muscles and especially peroneal muscles; (c) marked early elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK); (d) brief duration, small amplitude motor units and fibrillation on electromyography; and (e) histologic features of a dystrophic myopathy.
A comparative study on glucagon effect between mcardle disease and tarui disease
Authors: Mineo Ikuo , Kono Norio , Shimizu Takao , Sumi Seiichi , Nonaka Kyohei , Tarui Seiichiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPretreatment with glucagon relieved patients with McArdle disease from muscular symptoms during exercise and enhanced exercise performance, though it did not produce any improvement in patients with Tarui disease. The difference in glucagon effect between the two diseases was clearly demonstrated in the bicycle ergometer exercise tests. In addition, the semi‐ischemic forearm exercise tests performed after glucagon injection showed that increased lactate production was significantly incluced by exercise in McArdle disease, but it was not the case in Tarui disease. In McArdle disese, the augmentation in exercise‐induced lactate production was also observed after administration of glucose, or glucose plus insulin, but it was neither observed after administration of insulin alone nor after arginine or epinephrine administration. These findings suggest that the beneficial effect of glucagon in McArdle disease is due to the enhanced utilization of circulating glucose through the muscular glycolytic pathway realized in the coexistence of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.
New techniques for studying human muscle function, metabolism, and fatigue
Authors: Edwards Richard H. T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo analyze human muscle function, metabolism, and fatigue in both health and disease a variety of techniques may be employed. The most fundamental approach is the measurement of force, which may be generated by either voluntary or electrically stimulated contractions. More detailed information concerning the mechanisms of both weakness and fatigue can be obtained when the electromyogram is recorded simultaneously with force. The needle biopsy technique is recommended for the histological and histochemical examination of skeletal muscle. It has the advantage of being rapid and repeatable and has proved suitable for both diagnostic and follow‐up purposes. Recently developed techniques allow the study of mitochondrial function and protein synthesis. Topical nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a new and exciting technique for the nonivasive study of muscle metabolism. The opportunities offered by this technique are largely complementary to others available and unlikely to replace them as diagnostic and monitoring tools.
Altered rat skeletal muscle carnitine with age and after denervation
Authors: Czyzewski Krzysztof , Stern Lawrence Z. , Sadeh Menachem , Bahl Joseph J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe investigated the effect of denervation on the concentration of total, free, and acyl carnitine in the soleus (S), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and anterior tibial (AT) muscles of the rat. Soon after denervation there was a marked decrease in total carnitine in all three muscles. Acyl carnitine levels decreased concomitantly with changes in total carnitine. In control but not in denervated muscle, the carnitine concentration was age‐dependent during the period of rapid growth of the animals. The highest carnitine concentration was observed at 14 weeks of age. The results of this study suggest that normal innervation significantly influences carnitine‐mediated lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle.
Changes in intramuscular collagen and fibronectin in denervation atrophy
Authors: Salonen Vesa , Lehto Matti , Kalimo Hannu , Penttinen Risto , Aro Hannu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe distribution of collagen types I, III, and V and fibronectin was investigated by means of immunofluorescent techniques in denervated and normal rat skeletal muscle. During a period of 28 days, a distinct atrophy developed in the denervated gastrocnemius muscle and was accompanied by an increase in types I and III collagen in the endomysium and perimysium. The amount of type V collagen showed little change, whereas fibronectin increase closely parallelled types I and III collagen. The results indicate that denervation atrophy in muscles is accompanied by striking fibrotic changes due to mesenchymal types I and III collagen.
Peripheral neuropathies associated with monoclonal proteins: A clinical review
Authors: Kelly John J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOver the last decade, the increasing use of serum and urine protein electrophoretic screening of patients with idiopathic peripheral neuropathy has led to greater recognition of peripheral neuropathy syndromes that are associated with monoclonal proteins and plasma cell dycrasias. After careful evaluation, most of these patients have benign monoclonal gammopathy, followed in frequency by primary systemic amyloidosis and osteosclerotic myeloma, with occasional cases associated with osteolytic multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, gamma heavy chain disease, and other rare disorders. Several of these syndromes have distinctive presentations and are recognizable clinically, whereas others (especially multiple myeloma neuropathy) are diverse clinically and are not clearly distinguishable from other chronic neuropathies. The discovery of lgM‐kappa monoclonal proteins directed at myelin antigens in some patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy and the delineation of the syndrome of neuropathy and multiorgan involvement in osteosclerotic myeloma are important developments which may shed light on the mechanism of the remote effects of malignancies on the nervous system.
Experimental acute alcoholic myopathy—a histochemical study
Authors: Haller Ronald G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe histochemical features of muscle injury and repair were examined in an experimental form of acute alcoholic myopathy in the rat. Typical features of rhabclomyolysis were found, which were indicated by scattered muscle fiber necrosis followed by sequential phases of fiber degeneration, phagocytosis, and regeneration. Nests of small, regenerated, or split fibers remained 2 months after the episode of acute myopathy. Vulnerability of type 1 fibers to alcohol‐induced muscle injury was evident by selective involvement of muscles with type 1 fiber predominance and by the fact that regenerating fibers were virtually exclusively type 1. The histologic features of myopathy in this model closely parallel those in human acute alcoholic myopathy.
Assessing sensory involvement in lower limb nerve lesions using somatosensory evoked potential techniques
Authors: Synek Vladimir M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSomatosensory evoked potential (SEP) investigations in 18 patients with lower limb lesions are summarized. Seven patients had problems involving the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, four the femoral nerve, and seven the sciatic nerve. All lesions were unilateral. SEP techniques were accurate in meralgia paresthetica, and all five patients with demonstrable SEP abnormalities were successfully treated surgically. Delayed recovery of sensory function was shown in two patients with femoral nerve lesions and two patients with sciatic nerve lesions. In patients with sensory symptoms, only an SEP abnormality confined to the nerve distribution provides evidence of a lesion in the sensory pathways and helps to exclude psychologic causes. In a case of peripheral nerve Schwannoma, the presence of a small delay in a case of peripheral SEP supported the preoperative assessment that the tumor was not intrinsic in nature, and this was confirmed at surgery and on subsequent full recovery. The SEP technique allows quantitative assessment of sensory nerve conduction through the peripheral neuron and centripetal pathways.
Sequential electrodiagnostic abnormalities in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Albers James W. , Donofrio Peter D. , McGonagle Timothy K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe reviewed 180 electroneuromyographic (EMG) studies from patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. EMG criteria suggestive of demyelination were met during the first 5 weeks in 87% of patients; an additional 10% had indeterminate electrodiagnostic evaluations, and 3% demonstrated axonal degeneration only. Motor nerve conduction abnormalities initially predominated, with the nadir of abnormality occurring at week 3. Sensory nerve conduction abnormalities peaked during week 4 and were atypical for polyneuropathy, with 52% of patients having normal sural but abnormal median sensory studies, perhaps reflecting distal nerve involvement. Delayed sensory abnormalities may reflect, in part, secondary involvement related to increased intraneural edema accentuated by compression at sites of anatomic vulnerability. Fibrillation potentials and increased polyphasia appeared between weeks 2 and 5 in proximal and distal muscles simultaneously, which is consistent with either random axonal degeneration at any point along the axon or distal involvement. Resolution of conduction abnormalities began between weeks 6 and 10, with increased mean motor‐evoked amplitude best reflecting functional clinical recovery.
Electrophysiologic study in benign human botulism type B
Authors: Martínez A. Cruz , Anciones B. , Ferrer M. T. , Tejedor E. Díez , Conde M. C. Pérez , Bescansa E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractConventional electromyography (EMG) and single fiber EMG (SFEMG) were performed in a 64‐year‐old diabetic woman with mild type B botulism. The main clinical signs were autonomic dysfunction and cranial nerves paresis. Conventional EMG was normal, except for small changes that were consistent with mild mixed peripheral neuropathy in the lower limbs and were related to diabetes. Repetitive stimulation and results of single stimulus before and after full effort were normal. SFEMG showed increased jitter and impulse blocking in clinically normal muscles. The jitter was frequency dependent and improved at a higher innervation rate. Impulse blocking in potentials with only slightly increased jitter was found. The follow‐up showed improvement of the jitter in agreement with clinical recovery. Jitter abnormalities were recorded after 16 weeks, when clinical signs of botulism had been reversed to normal. Motor unit fiber density increased progressively, and on examination at 8 weeks, some potentials showed very high jitter values. Both findings might suggest new endplate formation, perhaps due to ultraterminal sprouting development.
Effects of long‐term physical training and detraining on enzyme histochemical and functional skeletal muscle characteristics in man
Authors: Larsson Lars , Ansved Tor 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe adaptability of human skeletal muscle to increased (training) and decreased (detraining) usage was studied in 11 athletes over a 42‐month‐long observation period. Biopsies were taken from the deltoid and the quadriceps muscle, together with measurements of maximum torque output during voluntary knee extensions at high relative to slow speeds of movement. A 16% and 14% decrease in the proportion of type I fibers was seen in the proximal arm and leg muscles, respectively, in the detraining subjects. This conformed with the changes in muscle function. On the other hand, in the training subjects, who increased their activity level through systematic daily physical training over an almost 4‐year‐long period, there were no significant changes seen in fiber type proportions of either arm or leg muscles. This was presumably due to the smaller net change in physical activity level caused by training as compared to detraining in the subjects of this study. Thus, the results show that fiber type proportions in intact human skeletal muscle are not exclusively determined by heredity, but may also be influenced by environmental factors, such as physical activity level.
Effect of denervation on glucose uptake in rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles
Authors: Shoji Shin'ichi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFrom 1 to 14 days after denervation, glucose uptake in the fast extensor digitorum longus and slow soleus muscles in rats was investigated and compared with that of the corresponding intact contralateral muscles. Denervation‐induced atrophy in soleus was greater than that in extensor digitorum longus muscle. Glucose uptake in extensor digitorum longus muscle increased significantly, but that in soleus decreased significantly.
Caveolae preservation in the characterization of human neuromuscular disease
Authors: Lee Robert Edward , Poulos Ann C. , Mayer Richard F. , Rash John E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have examined freeze‐fracture replicas and conventional thinsection images of rat myofibers prepared by perfusion and by conventional immersion fixation protocols, and myofibers of normal and dystrophic human myofibers prepared by similar immersion fixation methods. In both rat and human myofibers, the size and distribution of caveolae was found to differ substantially according to (1) the method of glutaraldehyde exposure, (2) the depth of the myofiber from the surface exposed to the fixative, and (3) if surgically bisected, the distance from the cut end of the myofiber. Conventional immersion fixation resulted in unavoidable but predictable alterations in sarcolemmal caveolae. These reproducible artifacts of fixation technique substantially complicate the use of caveolae as reliable markers for the characterization of human neuromuscular disease.
Sural nerve biopsy studies in leigh's subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy
Authors: Goebel Hans H. , Bardosi Attila , Friede Reinhard L. , Kohlschütter Alfried , Albani Michael , Siemes Hartmut 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy marked by reduced nerve conduction velocities was found in four unrelated children, betwen the ages of 15 months and 9 years, whose autopsies revealed Leigh's subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. Sural nerve biopsies disclosed primary demyelination and remyelination, as well as loss of myelinated and unmyelinated axons. The use of morphometric and electron microscopic studies shows that these techniques may reveal peripheral neuropathy in Leigh's disease more often than light microscopic methods alone.
Automatic analysis of the electromyographic interference pattern. Part I: Development of quantitative features
Authors: Nandedkar Sanjeev D. , Sanders Donald B. , Stålberg Erik V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed three new features of the electromyographic interference pattern (IP), based on the turns and amplitude of the signal, to quantitate some of the features of the IP that are usually assessed subjectively by an electromyographer. The activity measures the fullness of the IP. The upper centile amplitude (UCA) defines the upper limit of the maximum peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) contained in the IP. The number of small segments (NSS) measures the complexity of the IP, which is a reflection of the polyphasicity of the component MUAPs. The activity and the logarithm of the UCA correlate strongly with the force of muscle contraction at which the IP is measured. The NSS initially increases with the force of contraction and becomes relatively constant at higher force levels. The normal values of these features and the interpretation of their relationships are described in companion papers.
Distribution of capillaries in normal and diseased human skeletal muscle
Authors: Carry Michael R. , Ringel Steven P. , Starcevich Jill M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe distribution of capillaries was studied in muscle biopsies in a large number of normal subjects and in patients with disuse atrophy, inflammatory myopathies, and other chronic myopathic and neurogenic disorders. The cryostat retrieval technique was used, along with capillary and muscle fiber morphometry, to quantitate capillary distribution around specific fiber types. In all diseased and normal muscle, the number of capillaries per fiber (C/F) and the number of capillaries surrounding a fiber (CAF) increased with fiber diameter. More capillaries typically surrounded type 1 than type 2 fibers within a given group. When all inflammatory myopathy patients (polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and polymyositis plus second connective tissue disease) were compared with normal adults, their muscle biopsies had fewer capillaries per fiber over the same diameter range. The numerous variables influencing capillary number in normal and diseased muscle are discussed.