bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Effect of Korean Traditional Lotus Liquor (Yunyupju)
Authors: Lee Hyo Ku , Choi Yang Mun , Noh Dong Ouk , Suh Hyung Joo 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThis study presented the antioxidant activities of the Korean traditional lotus liquor (Yunyupju) made from lotus blossom and leaves. The antioxidant activities are dose‐dependent and reached a plateau (about 80% inhibition) when the concentration of lotus liquor exceeded 25 μg in a modified linoleic acid peroxidation induced by haemoglobin. The concentrations to attain one absorbance unit at 700 nm were 23.6 ± 1.2 μg for Butylated hydroxytolene (BHT), and 45.7 ± 5.4 μg for lotus liquor. The scavenging activities of DPPH exerted by lotus liquor as well as α‐tocopherol were tested. Linear response curves were also obtained and the IC50 were estimated as 5.6 μg for α‐tocopherol, 17.9 μg for lotus liquor. The maximum scavenging activity on hydroxyl radicals (40%) could be achieved when lotus liquor was more than 500 μg. Lotus liquor also has a potent superoxide radical scavenging activity, with value of 0.93 unit mg−1 as superoxide dismutase equivalents. The IC50 was estimated as 1.07 ± 0.04 mg for lotus liquor. The high performance liquid chromatography analysis of polyphenols was successfully achieved as these compounds appeared at 16.30 (catechin), 21.87 (rutin), 25.88 (unidentified peak), 31.51 (quercitrin), 35.19 (myricetin), and 36.72 (quercetin) min after injection of the sample, respectively.
Activities of antioxidant enzymes in rats fed with hot‐smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Ünlüsayın Mustafa , Kaleli Süleyman , Bilgin Şengül , İzci Levent , Günlü Ali 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe activities of antioxidant enzymes in rats fed with hot‐smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated. Four diets containing fresh and hot‐smoked rainbow trout flesh and vitamin were prepared and commercial pellet food purchased. Four groups of rats were fed with the diets for 28 days. Body weight was checked weekly. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found in weight between groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) values of group B and group D were found to be significantly increased (P < 0.05). Differences in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) values were not significant (P > 0.05) between groups. The difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) values was found to be significant (P < 0.05). The hot smoked process led to significant changes as decreased in the antioxidant enzymes activities. Our results indicate that determination of MDA, GPX, GR, SOD and CAT parameters in blood may help to point out cancer risk in humans.
Textural modification of soya bean/corn extrudates as affected by moisture content, screw speed and soya bean concentration
Authors: Li Si‐quan , Zhang Howard Q. , Tony Jin Z. , Hsieh Fu‐hung 
Published: July 2005

SummaryA Clextral BP‐10 (type BC45) co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder was used for texture modification of extrudates. Dry materials were mixed in a mixer for 15 min at low speed before extrusion. Moisture content 21–23% and addition of soya bean flour (0–40%) showed significant influences on the texture of the extrudates. Addition of soya bean flour in the range from 0 to 40% increased the diametrical expansion ratio (P < 0.01), decreased the hardness (P < 0.01) and modifies specific volume and chewing behaviours of the extrudates. Increasing moisture content in the range from 21 to 23%, however, significantly decreased specific volume (P < 0.01), and increases hardness (P < 0.01) of the extrudates. The hardness and crispness of the extrudates at fracturability of 110 g were graded higher than 6.0 by 30 and 27 of 34 consumer panelists, respectively. Consumer purchase intent showed the highest score of 5.5 in a 9‐point hedonic scale when sample fracturability was at 110 g.
An apparatus for on‐line measuring electric field intensity during microwave heating: a theoretical consideration
Authors: Fu Yi‐Chung , Yang Binghuei B. , Chen Chung‐Jen , Sheen Shiow‐Shuh 
Published: July 2005

SummaryA simple minimally perturbing method and an apparatus for on‐line measuring the electric field (E‐field) intensity at a particular small region, or a localized point in an electromagnetic field is described. The theoretical considerations and methodology for on‐line measuring electric field intensity are presented. They are based on measurement of the differential heating of the temperature rise using a fiberoptic temperature sensor at which a selected droplet of dielectric medium is dissipated in an electromagnetic field. The performance of the apparatus was examined and verified from power dissipation calculations of the water load. There was good agreement between the experimental and predicted value of average water temperature based on electric field on‐line measurement.
Isolation and identification of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius by 16S rDNA from mango juice and concentrate
Authors: Gouws Pieter A. , Gie Lindy , Pretorius Ashley , Dhansay Nadeem 
Published: July 2005

SummaryIn this study we investigate the spoilage of ultra high temperature UHT mango juice as well as a carbonated fruit juice blend to identify organisms contributing to the spoilage. The mango concentrate, the final product, as well as the other ingredients used during manufacturing, were tested for the presence of Alicyclobacillus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analyses. Microbiological examination of the mango pureé and spoiled fruit juices, using YSG agar [yeast extract 2 g, glucose 1 g, soluble starch 2 g, pH 3.7 (adjust with 2N H2SO4), H2O 1000 mL, bacto agar 15 g] incubated at 55 °C, detected sporeforming, acid dependent and thermotolerant bacteria. The hyper variable region of the 16S rDNA was amplified. The nucleotide sequence of the PCR fragments was determined using the ABI Prism 310 automated DNA sequencer and the collected sequencing data were analysed and compared with the non‐redundant database using NCBI‐BLAST. Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA gene sequences analyses. The results indicated that the mango purèe, as well as the final product of mango juice and the fruit juice blend, were positive for Alicyclobacillus. The preventative measures of low pH, pasteurization of mango juice and the subsequent use of aseptic packaging were not regarded as sufficient to prevent the outgrowth of Alicyclobacillus spoilage organisms.
Reactions with phenolic substances can induce changes in some physico‐chemical properties and activities of bromelain – the consequences for supplementary food products
Authors: Rohn Sascha , Rawel Harshadrai M. , Röber Miriam , Kroll Jürgen 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBromelain was allowed to react with phenolic compounds. The activity and selected physico‐chemical properties of the resulting derivatives were characterized. In vitro experiments showed that the proteolytic activity of bromelain was inhibited. Bromelain also serves as a food protein, because food stuffs based on pineapple contain relatively high concentrations of bromelain. In vitro digestion of bromelain derivatives with the main proteolytic enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract was also adversely affected. A covalent attachment of the phenolic compounds was identified at the tryptophan, free amino (lysines and N‐terminal) and thiol groups of bromelain. A decrease in solubility of the derivatives was observed. The isoelectric point was shifted to lower pH values and high molecular weight fractions were identified. All effects observed depended on the reactivity of the phenolic substances. Two supplementary food products containing both bromelain and quercetin were also tested in terms of their proteolytic activity and digestibility.
Kanamycin reveals the role played by glutamate receptors in shaping plant resource allocation
Authors: Dubos Christian , Willment Janet , Huggins David , Grant Guy H. , Campbell Malcolm M. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryIonotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) play important roles in neurotransmission in animals. There is growing evidence that iGluRs also play important roles in plants. Using a chemical genetics approach, which combined a pH‐homeostasis mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (de‐etiolated3), several different iGluR agonists, molecular modelling, and reporter gene expression in transgenic plants, we provide evidence that iGluR agonism can induce dramatic changes in plant development and metabolism. Systematic hypothesis testing revealed a signalling circuit that integrates amino acid and sugar signals to affect elongation growth and the deposition of carbon into starch and lignins. The data show that aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as kanamycin, and polyamines impinge upon this circuit. These findings provide a mechanism for the conversion of amino acid and sugar signals into an appropriate response at the gene expression level, and underline the similarities in iGluR agonism between animals and plants.
The Arabidopsis ROCK‐N‐ROLLERS gene encodes a homolog of the yeast ATP‐dependent DNA helicase MER3 and is required for normal meiotic crossover formation
Authors: Chen Changbin , Zhang Wei , Timofejeva Ljudmilla , Gerardin Ylaine , Ma Hong 
Published: July 2005

SummaryRecent studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have unveiled that meiotic recombination crossovers are formed by two genetically distinct pathways: a major interference‐sensitive pathway and a minor interference‐insensitive pathway. Several proteins, including the MSH4/MSH5 heterodimer and the MER3 DNA helicase, are indispensable for the interference‐sensitive pathway. MSH4 homologs have been identified in mice and Arabidopsis and shown to be required for normal levels of crossovers, suggesting that the function of MSH4 may be conserved among major eukaryotic kingdoms. However, it is not known whether an MER3‐like function is also required for meiosis in animals and plants. We have identified an Arabidopsis gene that encodes a putative MER3 homolog and is preferentially expressed in meiocytes. T‐DNA insertional mutants of this gene exhibit defects in fertility and meiosis. Detailed cytological studies indicate that the mutants are defective in homolog synapsis and crossover formation, resulting in a reduction of bivalents and in the formation of univalents at late prophase I. We have named this gene ROCK‐N‐ROLLERS (RCK) to reflect the mutant phenotype of chromosomes undergoing the meiotic ‘dance’ either in pairs or individually. Our results demonstrate that an MER3‐like function is required for meiotic crossover in plants and provide further support for the idea that Arabidopsis, like the budding yeast, possesses both interference‐sensitive and insensitive pathways for crossover formation.
Overexpression of ADC2 in Arabidopsis induces dwarfism and late‐flowering through GA deficiency
Authors: Alcázar Rubén , García‐Martínez José L. , Cuevas Juan C. , Tiburcio Antonio F. , Altabella Teresa 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe have obtained Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing ADC2, one of the two genes encoding arginine decarboxylase (ADC) in Arabidopsis. These plants contained very high levels of putrescine (Put) but no changes were observed in spermidine and spermine contents. The results obtained from quantification of free and conjugated polyamines suggest that conjugation may be a limiting step for control of Put homeostasis within a non‐toxic range for plant survival. Transgenic plants with increased levels of ADC2 transcript and elevated Put content showed dwarfism and late‐flowering, and the phenotype was rescued by gibberellin A3 (GA3) application. The contents of bioactive GA4 and GA1, and of GA9 (a precursor of GA4), as well as the levels of AtGA20ox1, AtGA3ox1 and AtGA3ox3 transcripts (quantified by real‐time PCR) were lower in the ADC2 overexpressor plants than in the wild type. No change in the expression of genes encoding earlier enzymes in the GA biosynthesis pathway was detected by microarray analysis. These results suggest that Put accumulation affects GA metabolism through the repression of biosynthetic steps catalyzed by GA 20‐oxidase and GA 3‐oxidase.
Direct genotyping of the poplar leaf rust fungus, Melampsora medusae f. sp. deltoidae, using codominant PCR‐SSCP markers
Authors: Bourassa M. , Bernier L. , Hamelin R. C. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryTwo anonymous DNA markers that are revealed by single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis were developed for detection of polymorphisms in Melampsora medusae f. sp. deltoidae (Mmd). Mono‐uredinial isolates of Mmd were first obtained, DNA was extracted from urediniospores and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) products of eight mono‐uredinial isolates were separated on a SSCP gel to identify differences among them. Bands representing putative polymorphic loci among the eight isolates tested were excised from the SSCP gel and re‐amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then cloned and sequenced. A primer pair was designed to amplify a DNA fragment of a size suitable for SSCP analysis (<600 bp) for two out of three DNA fragments sequenced. Each set of primers amplified a PCR product for all eight isolates that were initially used to generate them and the resulting PCR products were analysed by SSCP. Polymorphisms among isolates were identified for both putative loci. The two primer pairs amplified a PCR product of the expected size on an additional 32 mono‐uredinial isolates of Mmd tested. From the overall 40 mono‐uredinial isolates tested, 5 and 11 alleles were detected, and 12 and 34 isolates showed to be heterozygous, as indicated by the presence of more than two bands on the SSCP gel, at loci A and B, respectively. The primer pairs were tested for specificity against 106 fungal isolates belonging to various taxa, including other rusts, and against DNA extracted from greenhouse‐grown healthy poplar leaves. DNA amplification products of the expected size were obtained only when Mmd DNA was present. Optimization of PCR conditions with these two primer pairs allowed genotyping directly from single uredinia extracted from infected leaves, thus alleviating the need to culture the fungus to characterize individuals, hence making it possible to process large numbers of samples for population studies.
The effect of nitrogen fertilization on fungistatic phenolic compounds in roots of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: Tomova L. , Braun S. , Flückiger W. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe effect of nitrogen fertilization on fungistatic phenolic compounds in fine roots of beech and Norway spruce growing in afforestation plots was analysed. The plots were situated at two sites in Switzerland on acidic soil with low base saturation. For 9 years, the trees have been treated with dry ammonium nitrate to give 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 kg N ha−1 year−1, respectively. The phenolic compounds responded differently to fertilization. Fine roots of beech showed a significant decrease of (−)‐epicatechin and piceatannol with increasing nitrogen fertilization. The concentration of protocatechuic acid was increased with fertilization. Roots of fertilized Norway spruce showed significantly decreased concentrations of 4‐hydroxyacetophenone and piceatannol. The mycelial growth of three isolates each of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. and Cylindrocarpon destructans was tested on agar media containing various phenolic compounds in concentrations found in fine roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). All three H. annosum isolates were inhibited by p‐coumaric acid and (−)‐epicatechin. Two isolates were inhibited by another four phenolic compounds (p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, 4‐hydroxyacetophenone, piceatannol and protocatechuic acid), one by (+)‐catechin. Two of three C. destructans isolates were inhibited by all phenolic compounds except for (+)‐catechin which affected only one isolate, one isolate did not respond at all.
Longitudinal findings of acute macular neuroretinopathy with multifocal electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Chan Wai‐Man , Liu David TL , Tong Jian‐Ping , Law Ricky WK , Lam Dennis SC 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA 34‐year‐old woman, with preceding flu‐like febrile illness, developed acute macular neuroretinopathy in her left eye with typical reddish brown macular lesions and a dense paracentral scotoma. Her condition was evaluated with multifocal electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography in her acute and recovery phases. The findings assist ophthalmologists striving for better understanding and diagnosis of acute macular neuroretinopathy.
Transscleral diode laser therapy for cyclodialysis cleft induced hypotony
Authors: Amini Heydar , Razeghinejad Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn order to evaluate the efficacy of transscleral diode laser therapy for treatment of cyclodialysis cleft associated with ocular hypotony, transscleral diode laser therapy was used in two patients with cyclodialysis cleft. It was applied over the cleft area in two rows of 14 applications in a post‐traumatic patient and of 8 applications in a post‐trabeculectomy patient at a power setting of 2500 mW and duration of 2000 msec. The clefts were closed with restoration of normal intraocular pressure and recovery of visual function in both patients. Transscleral diode laser therapy seems to be a safe, simple and non‐invasive method for closure of the cyclodialysis clefts, especially in patients inappropriate for argon laser photocoagulation and those with opaque cornea.
Clinical presentation of retinoblastoma in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Badhu Badri , Sah Shatrughan P , Thakur Sanjay KD , Dulal Sunu , Kumar Sandeep , Sood Archana , Das Hrishikesh , Sah Rabindra P 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackground:  The purpose of the present study was to determine modes of presentation of retinoblastoma and the association between proptosis with orbital extension and histopathologically detectable optic nerve infiltration by the tumour.Methods:  Clinical records and histopathological reports of patients with retinoblastoma were studied retrospectively. The work was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal during the period from September 1995 to August 2002.Results:  A total of 43 patients with retinoblastoma were studied. Among them unilateral involvement was found in 39 patients (90.70%) and bilateral involvement in four patients (9.30%). The mean age of presentation was 3.04 ± 1.80 years (95% confidence interval = 2.49–3.59). The commonest mode of presentation was proptosis with orbital extension in 19 eyes (40.42%) followed by leucokoria in 14 eyes (29.78%). Histopathological reports of 42 eyes (one patient died shortly after admission and did not have an autopsy) confirmed the diagnosis of retinoblastoma and revealed that the optic nerve cut section had been infiltrated in 18, of which 16 had the clinical finding of proptosis with orbital extension. This was statistically significant (relative risk = 21.33, P < 0.001).Conclusion:  The commonest mode of presentation of retinoblastoma in Nepal is proptosis. Presence of proptosis with orbital extension is associated with optic nerve cut end infiltration by the tumour. The diagnosis or presentation of retinoblastoma in Nepal is delayed and there is tremendous scope for improvement in its management.
Tractional retinal detachment in Usher syndrome type II
Authors: Rani Alka , Pal Nikhil , Azad Raj Vardhan , Sharma Yog Raj , Chandra Parijat , Vikram Singh Deependra 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRetinal detachment is a rare complication in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. A case is reported of tractional retinal detachment in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural hearing loss, which was diagnosed as Usher syndrome type II. Because of the poor visual prognosis, the patient refused surgery in that eye. Tractional retinal detachment should be added to the differential diagnoses of visual loss in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
Epiretinal membrane surgery with or without internal limiting membrane peeling
Authors: Kwok Alvin KH , Lai Timothy YY , Yuen Kenneth SC 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackground:  The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the visual outcome and recurrence rate of epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation following vitreoretinal surgery with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel.Methods:  The medical records of 42 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for macular ERM by a single surgeon were reviewed. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and ERM removal with a subset undergoing ILM peel. Recurrence of macular ERM within 18 months and the final visual outcome after surgery were compared between patients with and without ILM removal.Results:  Twenty‐five patients (59.5%) underwent ERM surgery with ILM peeling and 17 patients (40.5%) underwent ERM surgery without ILM peeling. The mean preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.77 and 0.96 for the ILM peeling and non‐ILM peeling groups, respectively. Visual acuity improved significantly in both the ILM and non‐ILM peeling groups after ERM surgery (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Eighteen months after surgery, 3/17 eyes without ILM peeling (17.6%) developed recurrent macular ERM, compared with none of the 25 eyes with ILM peeling (log–rank test, P = 0.030).Conclusions:  Internal limiting membrane removal during macular ERM surgery may minimize the recurrence of ERM, without adverse visual outcome. Further controlled prospective studies are needed to determine the role of ILM peeling in ERM surgery.
Visual outcomes following vitrectomy and peeling of epiretinal membrane
Authors: Wong James G , Sachdev Nitin , Beaumont Paul E , Chang Andrew A 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackground:  Visual outcomes of patients following vitrectomy and peeling of visually significant epiretinal membranes were assessed to determine the influence of specific perioperative factors and surgical complications on final visual acuity and functional vision.Methods:  In an unmatched, consecutive surgical series, vitrectomy and membrane peeling were performed on 125 eyes of 123 patients with visually significant macular epiretinal membranes. Patients were followed for 6–36 months. Visual outcome measures included postoperative logMAR visual acuity, change in visual acuity and functional vision tasks evaluated by questionnaire. Perioperative factors including duration of symptoms, preoperative visual acuity, aetiology, membrane type and leakage on fundal fluorescein angiogram were correlated with final visual outcomes.Results:  Visual acuity improved by a mean of 0.31 Â± 0.21 units (three lines of vision). In 104 cases (83%), visual acuity improved in patients by two lines or more, with 20 cases (16%) having unchanged acuity and one case (1%) having worse acuity. Ninety‐three per cent of interviewed cases reported improvement in functional vision, especially reduction of distortion. Cataract was observed in 52 cases (52% of phakic eyes) postoperatively compared with 19 cases (19%) preoperatively. Postoperative visual acuity correlated with preoperative visual acuity. Patients with worse preoperative vision recorded greater visual improvement following surgery. No other perioperative factors were found to have a prognostic value in this study.Conclusion:  Epiretinal membrane peeling improves vision in the majority of patients with significant symptoms, even if preoperative visual acuity is not substantially reduced. Surgery improves functional vision including metamorphopsia not measurable by visual acuity, and thus assessment of functional vision should be included in surgical case planning.