bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in subgingival microbial profiles in adult periodontitis subjects receiving either systemically‐administered amoxicillin or metronidazole
Authors: Feres M. , Haffajee A. D. , Allard K. , Som S. , Socransky S. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The current investigation evaluated changes in levels and proportions of 40 bacterial species in subgingival plaque samples during, immediately after and up to 1 year after metronidazole or amoxicillin therapy combined with SRP.Method: After baseline clinical and microbiological monitoring, 17 adult periodontitis subjects received full mouth SRP and 14 days systemic administration of either metronidazole (250 mg, TID, n=8) or amoxicillin (500 mg, TID, n=9). Clinical measurements including % of sites with plaque, gingival redness, bleeding on probing and suppuration, pocket depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) were made at baseline, 90, 180 and 360 days. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial surface of all teeth in each subject at baseline, 90, 180 and 360 days and from 2 randomly selected posterior teeth at 3, 7, and 14 days during and after antibiotic administration. Counts of 40 subgingival species were determined using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Significance of differences over time was determined using the Quade test and between groups using ANCOVA.Results: Mean PD was reduced from 3.22±0.12 at baseline to 2.81±0.16 (p<0.01) at 360 days and from 3.38±0.23 mm to 2.80±0.14 mm (p<0.01) in the amoxicillin and metronidazole treated subjects respectively. Corresponding values for mean AL were 3.21±0.30 to 2.76±0.32 (p<0.05) and 3.23±0.28 mm to 2.94±0.23 mm (p<0.01). Levels and proportions of Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola were markedly reduced during antibiotic administration and were lower than baseline levels at 360 days. Counts (×105, ±SEM) of B. forsythus fell from baseline levels of 0.66±0.16 to 0.04±0.02, 0.13±0.04, 0.10±0.03 and 0.42±0.19 in the amoxicillin group at 14, 90, 180 and 360 days respectively (p<0.001). Corresponding values for metronidazole treated subjects were: 1.69±0.28 to 0.02±0.01, 0.20±0.08, 0.22±0.06 and 0.22±0.08 (p<0.001). Counts of Campylobacter species, Eubacterium nodatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies, F. periodonticum and Prevotella nigrescens were also detected at lower mean levels during and immediately after therapy, but gradually increased after withdrawal of the antibiotics. Members of the genera Actinomyces, Streptococcus and Capnocytophaga were minimally affected by metronidazole. However, amoxicillin decreased the counts and proportions of Actinomyces species during and after therapy.Conclusions: The data suggest that metronidazole and amoxicillin are useful in rapidly lowering counts of putative periodontal pathogens, but must be accompanied by other procedures to bring about periodontal stability.
Human histology of new attachment after root coverage using subepithelial connective tissue graft
Authors: Goldstein M. , Boyan B. D. , Cochran D. L. , Schwartz Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAbstractBackground, aims: Connective tissue grafts are used successfully in periodontal therapy for root coverage. However, reports on the histologic interface between the root surface and the grafted tissue have been few in number. This report describes a case study in which a subepithelial connective tissue graft was placed in a 27‐year‐old female on the maxillary left side.Methods: The graft (15 mm long, 10 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick) included palatal periosteum and was placed with the periosteal side facing the exposed bone and root surfaces.Results: 15 weeks after grafting, the teeth presented with residual recessions of 1 mm, and buccal probing depths were approximately 1 mm. 14 months post‐surgery, the 1st maxillary premolars on both sides were extracted for orthodontic therapy. Clinical parameters at the graft site remained as at 15 weeks. Histologic analysis of tooth #24 showed that the sulcular epithelium was keratinized; epithelium lining the dentin exhibited rete ridges projecting into the gingival connective tissue; and junctional epithelium extended over new cementum. New connective tissue attachment was also observed, including periodontal ligament.Conclusion: Biological width was comparable pre‐ and post‐surgery, indicating a real gain in attachment of 3.9 mm.
Computer‐based intraoral image analysis of the clinical plaque removing capacity of 3 manual toothbrushes
Authors: Staudt Christine B. , Kinzel Sonja , Haßfeld Stefan , Stein Wolfram , Staehle Hans Jörg , Dörfer Christof E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: (I) Introducing an intraoral camera system with a special positioner to allow computer‐based analysis of reproducible images on lingual tooth surfaces and (II) comparing plaque removal by three manual toothbrushes with different brushhead designs (convex, multilevel and flat trimmed) on lingual mandibular tooth surfaces.Method: In a clinical single‐blind, crossover, 24‐h plaque‐regrowth study on 25 subjects, a computer‐based index (PPI) was used to evaluate pre‐ and postbrushing plaque on lingual surfaces of mandibular premolars and molars. Subjects brushed their teeth under standardized conditions at three visits, each time with a different, randomly assigned toothbrush.Results: The intraoral camera system allowed a reproducible and relatively convenient access to the lingual surfaces of the mandibular teeth and provided an increase in objectivity. Overall, each brush achieved statistically significant plaque removal, however, none reached clinical relevance. The multilevel brush was superior at specific sites, but failed to show statistically significant superiority in terms of overall plaque reduction. Without regard of the toothbrush used, the right handed subjects were less efficient in removing plaque from the right side compared to the left.Conclusions: The method is able to detect even small differences in plaque reduction. None of the different brushhead designs was able to compensate an insufficient brushing techniques.
Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline as an adjunct to scaling and root planing: post‐treatment effects
Authors: Caton J. G. , Ciancio S. G. , Blieden T. M. , Bradshaw M. , Crout R. J. , Hefti A. F. , Massaro J. M. , Polson A. M. , Thomas J. , Walker C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/objective: Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD 20 mg bid) plus scaling and root planing (SRP) significantly improved clinical attachment level (CAL) and reduced probing depth (PD) compared with placebo plus SRP in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study of patients with adult periodontitis (AP). In a study conducted as a follow‐up, the post‐treatment effects of SDD were assessed in patients who completed the SRP study.Methods: The SRP study was a 9‐month, active‐treatment study and the follow‐up was a 3‐month, no‐treatment study. In the SRP study, tooth sites in qualifying quadrants were scaled and root planed and patients were randomized to receive twice daily SDD 20 mg or placebo. In the follow‐up, patients received no study drug; investigators and patients remained blinded to the previous treatment group assignments. Efficacy measures included the change in CAL and PD from baseline values determined at the start of the SRP study in tooth sites stratified by baseline PD (i.e., 0–3 mm, 4–6 mm, ≥7 mm). Safety was evaluated using adverse event data and the results of clinical laboratory tests, oral pathology examinations, and microbiological assessments.Results: Within each disease stratum, the incremental improvements in PD and CAL demonstrated in the SDD group over 9 months of active treatment were maintained through 3 additional months of no treatment. Treatment cessation did not result in an accelerated regression of periodontal health. No differences in the incidence of adverse events (including those related to infection) or laboratory or microbiological parameters were noted between the SDD group and the placebo group.Conclusions: The administration of SDD 20 mg bid for a period of up to 9 months is not associated with rebound effects or delayed or negative after‐effects for a 3‐month period after cessation of therapy.
Non‐surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive topical doxycycline: a double‐blind randomized controlled multicenter study
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Kim Ti‐Sun , Bürklin Thomas , Schacher Beate , Renggli Heinz H. , Schaecken Matthijs T. , Holle Rolf , Kübler Alexander , Ratka‐Krüger Petra 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: Evaluation of the clinical effect of topical application of doxycycline adjunctive to non‐surgical periodontal therapy.Methods: A total of 111 patients suffering from untreated or recurrent moderate to severe periodontitis at 3 different centers (Heidelberg, Frankfurt, Nijmegen) were treated in this double‐blind split‐mouth study. In each patient, 3 different treatment modalities were assigned randomly to 3 test teeth: scaling and root planing alone (SRP), SRP with subgingival vehicle control (VEH), and SRP with subgingival application of a newly developed biodegradable 15% doxycycline gel (DOXI). At baseline, clinical parameters were measured at all single rooted teeth using a reference splint: PlI, PPD, relative attachment level (RAL‐V), GI. 3 strata were generated according to baseline PPD: (i) 5–6 mm, (ii) 7–8 mm, (iii) 9 mm. Not more than 50% active smokers were allowed to each stratum. 3 and 6 months after therapy re‐examination was performed by examiners blinded to baseline data and test sites. The statistical comparison of RAL‐V gain and PPD reduction between the treatments was based on a repeated measures ANOVA with correction according to Huynh & Feldt. The comparison of SRP versus DOXI was considered as the main study question.Results: 110 patients finished the 3 months and 108 the 6 months examination. The study did not show adverse effects of VEH or DOXI except for one singular inflammation that occurred 2 months after application of the doxycycline gel. DOXI provided statistically significantly more favorable PPD reduction (SRP: −2.4±1.4 mm, VEH: −2.7±1.6 mm, DOXI: −3.1±1.2 mm; SRP versus DOXI p=0.0001, VEH versus DOXI p=0.0066) and RAL‐V gain (SRP: 1.6±1.9 mm, VEH: 1.6±2.2 mm, DOXI: 2.0±1.7 mm; SRP versus DOXI p=0.027, VEH versus DOXI p=0.038) than SRP and VEH after 6 months.Conclusions: Adjunctive topical subgingival application of a biodegradable 15% doxycycline gel was safe and provided more favorable RAL‐V gain and PPD reduction than SRP alone and VEH. Thus, by use of topical doxycycline the threshold for surgical periodontal therapy might be moved toward deeper pockets.
Enamel matrix proteins in the regenerative therapy of deep intrabony defects
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Lang Niklaus P. , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Suvan Jean E. , Adriaens Patrick , Dubravec Dominik , Fonzar Alberto , Fourmousis Ioannis , Mayfield Lisa , Rossi Roberto , Silvestri Maurizio , Tiedemann Christine , Topoll Heinz , Vangsted Tine , Wallkamm Beat 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: This prospective multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of papilla preservation flap surgery with or without the application of enamel matrix proteins (EMD).Material and methods: 172 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis were recruited in 12 centers in 7 countries. All patients had at least one intrabony defect of 3mm. Heavy smokers (20 cigarettes/day) were excluded. The surgical procedures included access for root instrumentation using either the simplified or the modified papilla preservation flap in order to obtain optimal tissue adaptation and primary closure. After debridement, roots were conditioned for 2 min with a gel containing 24% EDTA. EMD was applied in the test subjects, and omitted in the controls. Postsurgically, a strict plaque control protocol was followed. At baseline and 1 year following the interventions, clinical attachment levels (CAL), pocket probing depths (PPD), recession (REC), full‐mouth plaque scores and full‐mouth bleeding scores were assessed. A total of 166 patients were available for the 1‐year follow‐up.Results: At baseline, 86 test and 86 control patients presented with similar subject and defect characteristics. On average, the test defects gained 3.1±1.5 mm of CAL, while the control defects yielded a significantly lower CAL gain of 2.5±1.5 mm. Pocket reduction was also significantly higher in the test group (3.9±1.7 mm) when compared to the controls (3.3±1.7 mm). A multivariate analysis indicated that the treatment, the clinical centers, cigarette smoking, baseline PPD, and defect corticalisation significantly influenced CAL gains. A frequency distribution analysis of the studied outcomes indicated that EMD increased the predictability of clinically significant results (CAL gains 4 mm) and decreased the probability of obtaining negligible or no gains in CAL (CAL gains <2 mm).Conclusions: The results of this trial indicated that regenerative periodontal surgery with EMD offers an additional benefit in terms of CAL gains, PPD reductions and predictability of outcomes with respect to papilla preservation flaps alone.
The effect of a fibrin glue on the integration of Bio‐Oss® with bone tissue
Authors: Carmagnola Daniela , Berglundh Tord , Lindhe Jan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Bio‐Oss® is a deproteinized bovine mineral used in bone augmentation procedures. The particles are often mixed with a protein product (Tisseel®) to form a mouldable graft material.Aim: The aim of the present experiment was to study the healing of self‐contained bone defects after the placement of Bio‐Oss® particles alone or mixed with Tisseel® in cylindrical defects in the edentulous mandibular ridge of dogs.Material and methods: In 4 labrador dogs, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th mandibular premolars were extracted bilaterally. 3 months later, 3 cylindrical bone defects, 4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in depth, were produced in the right side of the mandible. Following a crestal incision, full thickness flaps were raised and the bone defects were prepared with a trephine drill. The defects were filled with Bio‐Oss® (Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhuser, Switzerland) particles alone or mixed with Tisseel® (Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria), or left “untreated”. A collagen membrane (Bio‐Gide®, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhuser, Switzerland) was placed to cover all defects and the flaps were sutured. 2 months later, the defect preparation and grafting procedures were repeated in the left side of the mandible. After another month, the animals were sacrificed and biopsies obtained from the defect sites.Results: Bio‐Oss®‐treated defects revealed a higher percentage of contact between graft particles and bone tissue than defects treated with Bio‐Oss®+ Tisseel® (15% and 30% at 1 and 3 months versus 0.4% and 8%, respectively). Further, the volume of connective tissue in the Bio‐Oss® treated defects decreased from the 1 to the 3 month interval (from 44% to 30%). This soft tissue was replaced with newly formed bone. In the Bio‐Oss®+ Tisseel® treated defects, however, the proportion of connective tissue remained unchanged between 1 and 3 months.Conclusion: The adjunct of Tisseel® may jeopardize the integration of Bio‐Oss® particles with bone tissue.
Assessment of periodontal conditions and systemic disease in older subjects
Authors: Persson R. E. , Hollender L. G. , Powell V. L. , MacEntee M. , Wyatt C. C L. , Kiyak H. A. , Persson G. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Panoramic radiographs (PMX)s may provide information about systemic health conditions.Aims: i) To study clinical periodontal conditions and collect self‐reported health status in a cohort of 1084 older subjects; ii) to study signs of alveolar bone loss and carotid calcification from panoramic radiographs obtained from these subjects; and iii) to study associations between study parameters.Material and methods: PMXs from 1064 adults aged 60–75 (mean age 67.6, SD ± 4.7) were studied. Signs of alveolar bone loss, vertical defects, and molar furcation radiolucencies defined periodontal status. Medical health histories were obtained via self‐reports. Signs of carotid calcification were identified from panoramic radiographs.Results: The PMX allowed assessment of 53% of the films (Seattle 64.5% and Vancouver 48.4%). A self‐reported history of a stroke was reported by 8.1% of men in Seattle and 2.9% of men in Vancouver (P < 0.01). Heart attacks were reported by 12% of men in Seattle and 7.2% in Vancouver (N.S.). PMX evidence of periodontitis was found in 48.5% of the subjects, with carotid calcification in 18.6%. The intraclass correlation score for PMX findings of carotid calcification and stroke was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.10–0.35, P < 0.001). The odds ratio for PMX carotid calcification and periodontitis was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3–3.2, P < 0.001), and for PMX carotid calcification and stroke 4.2 (95% CI: 1.9–9.1, P < 0.001). The associations disappeared when smoking was accounted for. A history of a heart attack was associated with stroke, gender, age, and PMX scores of alveolar bone loss. Conclusions: PMXs may provide valuable information about both oral conditions and signs of carotid calcification, data that are consistent with self‐reported health conditions. Alveolar bone loss as assessed from PMXs is associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Cost‐effectiveness of screening for the possible development of cancer in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Van Der Meij E. H. , Bezemer P. D. , Van Der Waal I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIntroduction: Several authors have expressed the view that patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) are at increased risk of developing oral cancer. Since OLP cannot be effectively treated, regular screening for the possible development of oral cancer might be considered.Objectives: (i) To calculate costs and effectiveness of screening for oral cancer in OLP patients with a decision model; (ii) to compare the cost‐effectiveness of different screening scenarios; and (iii) to perform a sensitivity analysis of several variables used in this model.Methods: Costs and effectiveness of a population of 100 000 OLP patients, being either screened or not screened for oral cancer, were calculated for the period of 1 year. Health gain was expressed as quality adjusted live years (QALY's) and equivalent lives saved (ELS). Cost‐effectiveness was expressed as extra costs (costs of screening minus costs of no screening) per ELS. Then, the outcome was compared with the cost‐effectiveness of a different screening scenario. Finally, the effect of varying the variables: (i) costs of cancer treatment; (ii) annual malignant transformation rate (MTR); (iii) sensitivity and specificity of an oral examination; and (iv) proportion of cancers found in stage I on extra costs per ELS were assessed in a sensitivity analysis.Results: The health gain from screening was 592 QALY's or the equivalent of 23.68 lives saved, costing $1 265 229, meaning that one ELS costed $53 430. Increase of cancer‐treatment costs will significantly decrease the costs per ELS. When the MTR is lower than 0.4% per year, extra costs per ELS will increase exponentially. The effect of sensitivity and specificity of an oral examination in detecting oral cancer on cost‐effectiveness seems to be substantial. When the proportion of cancers found in stage I can be increased from 40% (without screening) up to at least 60% after screening, extra costs per ELS will decrease exponentially.Conclusions: Screening for oral cancer in OLP patients, based on the presently used model, seems attractive. However, varying the several variables in the decision model has a significant impact on the final costs and effectiveness. Only, when additional information about these variables will become available, a more precise and realistic calculation can be performed.
In vitro characteristics of neonatal hemangioma endothelial cells: similarities and differences between normal neonatal and fetal endothelial cells
Authors: Dosanjh Amarjit , Chang James , Bresnick Stephen , Zhou Lisa , Reinisch John , Longaker Michael , Karasek Marvin 
Published: March 2003

Background: Increased angiogenesis and eventual involution are major characteristics of neonatal hemangiomas. The mechanism to explain this transition is not completely understood.Methods: To determine the nature of these changes, endothelial cells were isolated from eight hemangiomas and the growth characteristics and morphology of these cells were compared to cells isolated from normal fetal and neonatal skin. Three cells lines were further characterized by analyzing protein expression with immunhistochemistry and FACS analysis.Results: Hemangioma endothelial cells converted to a spindle‐shaped morphology similar to that of fetal endothelial cells whereas neonatal endothelial cells maintained their characteristic epithelioid morphology. While neonatal, hemangioma and fetal endothelial cells continued to express platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1) and von Willebrand factor (vWf), hemangioma and fetal cells expressed both proteins at a lower level and in a distribution distinct from normal neonatal endothelial cells. Neonatal endothelial cells continued to express epithelial specific Type IV collagen, while hemangioma and fetal endothelial cells produced interstitial Type I collagen.Conclusions: Both cell morphology and protein expression of neonatal hemangioma endothelial cells were more characteristic of embryonic microvascular endothelial cells than that of postembryonic cells demonstrating a similarity in these two cell types and suggesting a dysfunction in the normal growth and maturation of endothelial cells in this tumor.
Sea‐urchin granuloma: histologic profile. A pathologic study of 50 biopsies
Authors: De la Torre Carlos , Toribio Jaime 
Published: March 2003

Background: Sea‐urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin lesion caused by injury with sea‐urchin spines. Frequently these lesions occur on the hands and develop several months after the initial injury. Classified as an allergic foreign‐body reaction, their most common histological pattern resembles sarcoid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the light microscopic features of biopsies from lesions clinically diagnosed of sea‐urchin granolomas.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 50 biopsy specimens corresponding to 35 patients with sea‐urchin granulomas. These lesions were caused by injuries with the spines of the sea‐urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Data were collected between 1990 and 1999 from patients in the seashore of Galicia (NW Atlantic coast, Spain).Results: The cohort consisted of 35 patients (31 males, 4 females), with a median age of 35 years (range 14–60 years). The median duration of the disease was 7.5 months (range 2–60 months). We identified different histopathologic patterns. A granulomatous reaction was observed in 39 biopsies (78%). In 70% corresponding to 35 biopsies this granulomatous reaction was predominant. Foreign‐body, sarcoidal, tuberculoid, necrobiotic and suppurative granulomas were identified. The remaining 15 biopsies (30%) showed a predominant inflammatory reaction with features of non‐specific chronic inflammation or suppurative dermatitis. A panel of histopathologic features, including epidermal and dermal changes were evaluated. Presence of focal necrosis and microabscesses were common findings. In 50% of our specimens we found umbilication and/or perforation. Additional features included the presence of inclusion epidermoid cysts in four cases and squamous syringometaplasia in one case.Conclusions: Our observations suggest that sea‐urchin granuloma span a wide morphologic spectrum. A granulomatous inflammatory reaction was predominant, with the foreign body and sarcoidal types the most frequent patterns. Other histopathologic patterns with non granulomatous inflammation can be noted. Some features, such as the frequency of perforation and the presence of necrobiotic granulomas have not previously been recognized in the literature.