bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Specific Synthetic Osteochondral Resurfacing of an Extensive Shoulder OCD Lesion in a Dog
Authors: Sutalo Sanja , Kühn Michael , Böttcher Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe template-guided implantation and clinical outcome of a patient-specific resurfacing implant for an extensive humeral head osteochondritis in a client-owned dog. An 8-month-old intact female Irish Wolfhound, weighing 45 kg, exhibiting lameness in the right thoracic limb, and diagnosed with an extensive caudocentral humeral head osteochondritis. Based on computed tomography data, an anatomically contoured patient-specific implant (Ø 25 mm) was created. The implant consisted of a trabecular titanium base and a polycarbonate urethane bearing cup. For intraoperative guidance, a surgical drill guide, models of the affected humeral head, and trial implants were 3D printed. The implantation procedure was performed using the modified Cheli approach. Orthopaedic and radiographic follow-up examinations were conducted at 6 weeks and 10 months postoperatively. The examination revealed stable implant position, and some mild residual lameness at 6 weeks. Furthermore, the mild osteophytosis, initially evident on the day of surgery, showed a progression during each subsequent follow-up. Complications were not observed at any time point. At 10 months, the dog was free of lameness and exhibited no functional impairment, even after strenuous exercise. This level of activity remained unchanged up to the latest follow-up at 18 months, as confirmed during a telephonic interview. The utilization of a patient-specific resurfacing implant using a guided approach was technically feasible and resulted in excellent short- to mid-term clinical outcome in this case of extensive caudocentral humeral head osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesion. However, it is crucial to note that the potential influence of the implant on osteoarthritis progression requires further investigation.
Fetal Metabolic Alkalosis Resulting from Maternal Vomiting
Authors: Curtin William M. , O'Brien Emily A. , Mauro Rachel M. , Lucarelli-Baldwin Elizabeth A. , Ural Serdar H. , DeAngelis Christina T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe describe a pregnant patient with severe compulsive water ingestion and vomiting that lead to metabolic alkalosis and preterm delivery. A 21-year-old patient was hospitalized multiple times throughout pregnancy for symptoms initially thought to be related to hyperemesis gravidarum. Overtime, it became apparent that the patient induced vomiting by rapidly drinking large volumes of water. At 32 weeks' gestation, rapid ingestion of water caused 3 days of vomiting with findings of hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, and compensatory respiratory acidosis. Fetal monitoring showed minimal variability and recurrent decelerations; subsequent biophysical profile score of 2/10 prompted urgent cesarean section. A male newborn was delivered and cord blood gases reflected neonatal metabolic alkalosis and electrolyte imbalances identical to those of the mother. Compensatory hypoventilation in both mother and fetus were treated with assisted ventilation. With saline administration and repletion of electrolytes, metabolic alkalosis resolved for both patients within days.Metabolic alkalosis was transplacentally acquired by the fetus. This case demonstrates the development of metabolic alkalosis in a pregnant woman caused by vomiting severe enough to prompt preterm delivery for nonreassuring fetal status. It also demonstrates fetal dependence on both placenta and mother to maintain physiologic acid–base and electrolyte balance.
Unusual Metastatic Sites of Testis and Rectum in Prostate Cancer Detected by 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Imaging at Initial Staging
Authors: Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImaging plays a pivotal role in defining the extent of disease and deciding therapeutic strategies in recently diagnosed high-risk prostate cancer. Standard-of-care conventional imaging may often miss rare metastatic disease sites. We herein present a unique case of prostate cancer where 68Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) detected two unusual metastatic sites (testis and rectum) in a single patient at initial staging, resulting in an accurate determination of the extent of disease, more tailored multimodal treatment planning, and exploration of the theragnostic potential.
Effects of Tourist Numbers on the Welfare of Wildlife Interaction Animals: The Case of Lion Cub Petting
Authors: Wilson Ann 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis case study explains how human interaction frequency can impact the behaviour of interaction animals. It will explain how key behaviours can be identified and used to establish if the interaction animal is coping with the situation it is in. The reader will then be guided on how to support their interaction animal’s behavioural needs and an African lion (Panthera leo) cub interaction case study will be used as the example.Information© The Author 2024
Inverse problem in the conditioning of Markov processes on trajectory observables: what canonical conditionings can connect two given Markov generators?
Authors: Monthus Cécile 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the field of large deviations for stochastic dynamics, the canonical conditioning of a given Markov process with respect to a given time-local trajectory observable over a large time-window has attracted a lot of interest recently. In the present paper, we analyze the following inverse problem: when two Markov generators are given, is it possible to connect them via some canonical conditioning and to construct the corresponding time-local trajectory observable? We focus on continuous-time Markov processes and obtain the following necessary and sufficient conditions: (i) for continuous-time Markov jump processes, the two generators should involve the same possible elementary jumps in configuration space, i.e. only the values of the corresponding rates can differ; (ii) for diffusion processes, the two Fokker–Planck generators should involve the same diffusion coefficients, i.e. only the two forces can differ. In both settings, we then construct explicitly the various time-local trajectory observables that can be used to connect the two given generators via canonical conditioning. This general framework is illustrated with various applications involving a single particle or many-body spin models. In particular, we describe several examples to show how non-equilibrium Markov processes with non-vanishing steady currents can be interpreted as the canonical conditionings of detailed-balance processes with respect to explicit time-local trajectory observables.
Materials Behaviour Analysis of 3D Printed Brass-PLA Filament
Authors: Rajan Dinesh , Samykano M. , Suraparaju S. K. , Moorthy K. , Kadirgama K. , Ramasamy D. , Pandey A. K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The current study aims to bridge a crucial gap in existing research, potentially paving the way for a groundbreaking transformation in the development and application of PLA/Brass composites within diverse industries such as aerospace, automotive, consumer goods, and medical devices. The primary objective of this research is to assess the mechanical properties of a composite material made up of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Brass, produced using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology. Brass, renowned for its exceptional mechanical properties, has been integrated into PLA to form this composite material. The study employs various analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), to scrutinize the chemical and physical characteristics of the PLA/Brass composite. This research revolves around exploring the impact of different printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of the printed specimens. The investigation delves into aspects such as tensile strength, compression resistance, bending properties, and impact resistance. To achieve this, test specimens with varying compositions have been produced using a Raise3D N2 Plus FDM 3D printer, with careful manipulation of printing parameters such as layer height and printing speed. The compositional variations range from 15% wt. to 80% wt., with layer height values spanning 0.25 mm, 0.30 mm, and 0.35 mm, and printing speeds ranging from 20 mm/s to 40 mm/s. The outcomes of this research have revealed the distinct influences of specific printing parameters on various mechanical properties. For example, in the context of tensile testing, it was observed that the combination of a layer height of 0.25 mm and a printing speed of 30 mm/s resulted in the highest elastic modulus. Similarly, the study provides crucial insights into optimizing PLA/Brass composite material properties through controlled additive manufacturing parameters, catering to diverse application requirements. Key findings include an elastic modulus of 0.870 GPa, ultimate tensile strength of 17.53 MPa, yield strength (0.2% offset) of 15.47 MPa, bending strength of 42.25 MPa, bending modulus of 3.679 GPa, compression strength of 33.46 MPa, compression modulus of 5.748 GPa, and energy absorption of 0.246 J. This study advances our knowledge of PLA/brass composite while also providing a chance to create innovative materials.
Evaluation on the impact behavior of stir-casted Aluminum composites reinforced with SiC and Gr for lightweight applications
Authors: Alam Mohammad Azad , Ya H.H , Gerewal Lovejeet , Azeem Mohammad , Masood Faisal , Yusuf Mohammad , Ahmad Tauseef , Khan Muhammad Rehan , Shozib Imtiaz Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Increasing demands for lightweight materials in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing, have led to a growing interest in the development of advanced materials with enhanced mechanical properties. One promising avenue for achieving lightweight and high-performance materials is the fabrication of aluminum-based composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite (Gr) particles through stir casting. The current study examines the impact strength behavior of composites reinforced with AA6063 cast materials that contain different amounts of micron sized SiC particles and 5 weight percent graphite. By using liquid metallurgy, hybrid composites of AA6063, SiC, and Gr were created. The numerous created samples underwent the customary Charpy impact testing, and the impact strength was assessed. By reinforcing SiC and graphite to the aluminum matrix, a substantial increase in impact strength was observed. For the three test samples, the average impact strength of pure aluminum was found to be 7 Joule. Average Impact strength for aluminum with 10% silicon carbide was found to be 8 Joule, which is 14.28% greater than for pure aluminum. The average Impact strength for the composite of aluminum with 20% silicon carbide was 10 Joule, which represents a 42.85% increase in strength over pure aluminum.
Effect of Laser Parameters on Colour Marking of Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Syakila A R , Jamaludin M N , Quazi M M , Aiman M H , Arslan A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Colour laser marking is a contemporary method for adding colours onto metal surfaces, suitable for creating logos, barcodes, metal crafts, and jewelry. This study focused on colour laser marking on the biomedical alloy Ti6Al4V (TC4), examining how different colours manifest on its surface. Power settings ranged from 9 W to 18 W, while frequencies spanned 500 kHz to 2000 kHz. The research investigated how altering laser frequency and defocus distance influenced colour variation. Surface features were assessed using 3D optical microscopy, revealing texture and roughness traits. Results illustrated a spectrum of colours, shifting from the alloy’s original silver hue to shades like blue, gold, orange, shiny silver, violet, and several greys. Each colour displayed distinct surface texture and roughness parameters. The highest mean roughness of 2.504 μm occurred with grey, while silver had the lowest at 0.504 μm. Nevertheless, trends differed when measuring parameters like maximum peak-to-valley height and valley depth, emphasizing surface topography’s role in colour effects. This research advances the understanding of colour laser marking’s intricacies on TC4 alloy, providing insights into optimizing laser settings for specific colour outcomes and underlining the nuanced relationship between colour, texture, and surface characteristics.
Archimedes Screw Pump Efficiency Based on Three Design Parameters using Computational Fluid Dynamics Software – Ansys CFX
Authors: Chan W. L. , Jamaludin U. K. , Azahari N. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Utilization of Archimedes screw pumps as water lifting pumps has become widespread in past decade due to frequent occurrences of floods in Malaysia. The problem of insufficient drainage in various urban areas exacerbates the impact of heavy rainfall, prompting efforts to mitigate this issue with minimal maintenance cost and low impact to the environment. Thus, this study is aiming to study the design parameters of screw pump to obtain the optimal efficiency of the Archimedes screw pump specifically for flood mitigation in Malaysia. The main design parameters affecting pump’s efficiency are rotor profile, pitch length, length of the pump, rotational speed, inclination angle, and material selection. However, only three design parameters were considered in the study, that are the angle of inclination, the number of blades, and the angular velocity of the rotating pump. These three design parameters are selected as many previous findings focusing on varying angle of inclination with number of blades with constant rotational speed. Thus, this study will find the highest efficiency when these three design parameters are integrated with variation of rotational speeds at 25, 30 and 40 RPM. Basically, screw pump is designed using SOLIDWORKS and simulations with specific boundary conditions are conducted using the ANSYS-CFX software, which utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. These boundary conditions are based on previous study by Rosly et al in 2016. The inlet flow rate of 0.002 m3/s and diameter of the screw pump are constant while the other three main parameters are varying within the acceptable ranges which are reported from prior studies. The outcomes found that the highest torque is generated by a single rotating blade at 5.65 Nm which rotates at 30 RPM at 30° angle of inclination. Meanwhile, the highest efficiency of 24.04% is obtained with a single rotating blade at 40 RPM with 20° angle of inclination. Based on the findings, it is concluded that these three main design parameters of screw pump may not be sufficient to obtain the optimal efficiency for the specific boundary conditions used in the simulation study. Thus, several combinations of design parameters should be considered in the future to increase the screw pump’s efficiency.
Fatigue Analysis of a Cracked Shaft: a Finite Element Modeling Approach
Authors: Thinesshwaran G. , Husnain M.M.N. , Akramin M.R.M , Shaari M.S. , Takahashi Akiyuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Shafts are typically used in sophisticated mechanisms and machinery which highly depend on shafts for rotatory motion which could lead to the failure. In today’s contemporary, damages caused by cracking on mechanical components and structures have increased, causing crack and structural failure. The failure could be examined by the calculation of stress intensity factor (SIF). Once the shaft reaches the critical SIF (SIFIC), the flaw is initiated and has a potential to propagate upon loading. Typically, the flaw would spread in many patterns and tenders to the formation and initiation of different types of cracks. Thus, the objective of this research work is to analyse fatigue cracked shafts. Prediction of crack growth via SIF calculation. SIF is usually adapted to predict the stress intensity near the crack tip where crack propagation occurs. Thus, SIF is used to study and analyse the cracked surface in relation to crack initiation and propagation. The SIF is calculated through finite element method (FEM) since the FEM is capable simulating complex geometry. The SIF is calculated based on the deformation in FEM calculation. The results show the predicted crack propagation and SIF calculation. It is crucial to study the resistance of cracked shafts towards cyclic loading for maintenance preceding and retirement of the structure.
X-ray computed tomography of the periodically moving object
Authors: Vavřík D. , Fíla T. , Koudelka P. , Kytýř D. , Macháček M. , Rada V. , Žemlička J. , Zlámal P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
X-ray computed tomography is a standard method of non-destructive testing of a wide range
of static objects. In recent years, time-dependent tomography has been on the rise, for which it
is necessary to acquire a series of tomographic data covering the event of interest. For slower
processes, conventional laboratory X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners can be used, while when
events are faster, a very intense X-ray source is usually required. For high resolution
requirements, the need for an intense X-ray source leads to the use of a synchrotron. An exception
is tomographic tracking of periodic events. As will be shown, for these, a good quality
reconstruction can be achieved even in the case of a relatively low-intensity X-ray source. To
avoid blurring of the individual X-ray images by the motion of the object, the exposure time must
be reasonably short. At motion rates of units of Hz, this time cannot be longer than tens of ms,
this requirement naturally leads to low data statistics. Sufficient statistics is achieved by
integrating images taken at an identical position of the moving object. A key requirement of such
an approach is the precise synchronization of all active components of the system. The imaging
detector must be capable of taking images on demand by hardware triggering with the capability of
adequately short exposures. The ability of the CT system to investigate periodically moving
objects will be demonstrated on the object oscillating harmonically at 3.81 Hz.
Tangentially viewing phase contrast imaging for turbulence measurements
in toroidal fusion devices
Authors: Coda S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Phase contrast imaging (PCI) is an established and powerful technique
for measuring density fluctuations in plasmas and has been successfully
applied to several fusion devices. Rooted in a concept first developed for
microscopy, PCI belongs to the category of internal-reference interferometers
and has been shown to possess superior qualities among such techniques,
particularly in terms of spatial linearity. In essence, it produces a true image
of fluctuations in the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the
probing laser beam, provided their characteristic spatial scale is smaller than
the beam width. The measurement in itself is line-integrated and thus not
spatially resolved longitudinally to the beam. However, the properties of the
turbulence itself can be exploited to achieve longitudinal resolution,
particularly when the beam propagates nearly tangentially to the magnetic field.
This assertion has been recently rigorously tested through numerical
modeling, which has revealed significant additional complexity while confirming
the general principle. Tangential PCI has been employed extensively in the TCV
tokamak and has resulted in a rich body of work on broadband microturbulence in
the ion-temperature-gradient/trapped-electron-mode
range and on geodesic acoustic modes. A similar diagnostic
arrangement is also at an advanced planning stage for the new superconducting
tokamak JT-60SA.
Association between maternal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors and the risk of congenital heart diseases in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pan Kai , Xu Jie , Wang Chengxing , Mao Zhen , Xu Yuzhu , Zhang Haoke , Yu Jie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of congenital malformation and the leading cause of death in newborns. Some observational studies have investigated the relationship between exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) and CHD in pregnant women. However, the findings of epidemiological studies in different countries and regions remain controversial and exhibit significant variations. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between exposure to EEDs and CHD in pregnant women, hoping to provide some insights into related research in different regions and further demonstrate the relationship between the two. Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched, and 17 studies with 1373 117 participants were selected, including 3 on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5 on pesticides/insecticides, 4 on phthalates, 4 on alkylphenolic compounds, and 7 on heavy metals. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to determine the publication bias of the studies, and the I
2 statistics to evaluate the statistical heterogeneity among the studies. The adjusted estimates were pooled using the random-effects and fixed-effects models to explore the association between EEDs and CHD and its subtypes. Maternal exposure to PAHs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–1.53)] (e.g. PAHs and tetralogy of Fallot, septal defects, and conotruncal defects)], pesticides/insecticides (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.20–1.46), alkylphenolic compounds (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14–1.86), and heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead) (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.53–2.86) during pregnancy was positively associated with CHD in offspring. This study found that exposure to EEDs in pregnant women was positively associated with CHD in offspring. These findings are of great significance for researchers to further study the relationship between the two.
Transfer doping of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) using Cs
Authors: Göhler Fabian , Schädlich Philip , Rösch Niels , Zeißig Mike , Seyller Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Control of the charge carrier concentration is essential for applications of graphene. Here, we demonstrate the doping of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) via charge transfer from an adsorbed layer of Cs atoms with sub-monolayer coverage. The electronic structure of the graphene is analyzed using x-ray and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. In H-intercalated, quasi-freestanding monolayer graphene (QFMLG), the Dirac point can be tuned continuously from p-type to strong n-type doping. For strong n-type doping, analysis of the core level binding energies implies a deviation from a rigid band shift. This might be explained by an increased screening of the atomic core potential due to the higher number of charge carriers per C atom in the graphene layer. Furthermore, charge transfer into the SiC substrate leads to a change in band bending at the SiC/QFMLG interface, which saturates into a flat band scenario at higher Cs coverage. An analysis of the Fermi surfaces suggests an increasing electron-phonon-coupling in strongly doped QFMLG. In monolayer graphene (MLG), which is intrinsically n-type doped due to the presence of the buffer layer at the SiC interface, n-type doping can be enhanced by Cs evaporation in a similar fashion. In contrast to QFMLG, core level spectra and Dirac cone position in MLG apparently show a rigid band shift even for very high doping, emphasizing the importance of the substrate.