bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clonidine as an adjunct to opioids in palliative care
Authors: Amna Sarwat , Øhlenschlæger Thomas , Sædder Eva Aggerholm , Sigaard Jarl Voss , Bergmann Troels Korshøj 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClonidine is an α‐adrenoceptor agonist acting on receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues, leading to a reduction in sympathetic outflow and release of certain neurotransmitters. Clonidine has multiple uses across various medical conditions. One of its uses is as adjuvant to anaesthetic and analgesic agents specially opioids, mostly administered through intravenous and epidural routes. The opioids, effective in cancer pain management, are associated with various side effects such as sedation, pruritus, constipation, nausea, respiratory depression, tolerance and dependence. Combination of clonidine with opioids seems to help to achieve better pain management and less need of opioids. Use of clonidine in palliative care has been less common, but it is gradually gaining recognition for its potential benefits in managing symptoms like cancer pain and agitation. This combination approach has been explored in palliative care settings, including cancer pain and agitation, where patients experience complex and refractory symptoms. It seems to be well tolerated and gives better symptom relief. The available literature on clonidine's use in cancer pain and agitation management, especially in subcutaneous form, is limited and outdated. Therefore, the optimal dosing, safety profile and overall effectiveness of subcutaneous clonidine requires further exploration through prospective research studies.
Patient survey on cancer genomic medicine in Japan under the national health insurance system
Authors: Kage Hidenori , Akiyama Nana , Chang Hyangri , Shinozaki‐Ushiku Aya , Ka Mirei , Kawata Junichi , Muto Manabu , Okuma Yusuke , Okita Natsuko , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Kikuchi Junko , Shirota Hidekazu , Hayashi Hideyuki , Kokuryo Toshio , Yachida Shinichi , Hirasawa Akira , Kubo Makoto , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Tanabe Masahiko , Ushiku Tetsuo , Muto Kaori , Seto Yasuyuki , Oda Katsutoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn Japan, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) tests have been reimbursed under the national health care system for solid cancer patients who have finished standard treatment. More than 50,000 patients have taken the test since June 2019. We performed a nation‐wide questionnaire survey between March 2021 and July 2022. Questionnaires were sent to 80 designated Cancer Genomic Medicine Hospitals. Of the 933 responses received, 370 (39.7%) were web based and 563 (60.3%) were paper based. Most patients (784, 84%) first learned about CGP tests from healthcare professionals, and 775 (83.1%) gave informed consent to their treating physician. At the time of informed consent, they were most worried about test results not leading to novel treatment (536, 57.4%). On a scale of 0–10, 702 respondents (75.2%) felt that the explanations of the test result were easy to understand (7 or higher). Ninety‐one patients (9.8%) started their recommended treatment. Many patients could not receive recommended treatment because no approved drugs or clinical trials were available (102/177, 57.6%). Ninety‐eight patients (10.5%) did not wish their findings to be disclosed. Overall satisfaction with the CGP test process was high, with 602 respondents (64.5%) giving a score of 7–10. The major reason for choosing 0–6 was that the CGP test result did not lead to new treatment (217/277, 78.3%). In conclusion, satisfaction with the CGP test process was high. Patients and family members need better access to information. More patients need to be treated with genomically matched therapy.
Pyramidalis muscle formation during human embryonic and early fetal periods
Authors: Iwasa Yui , Kanahashi Toru , Imai Hirohiko , Otani Hiroki , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe pyramidalis muscle (PM) is a paired small triangular muscle of the anterior abdominal wall; however, its physiological significance is unclear. Recent studies have failed to detect this muscle during embryonic period. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the time when PM is emerging and reveal its features using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Fourteen embryos between Carnegie stage (CS)18 and CS23 and 59 fetuses (crown‐rump length: 39.5–185.0 mm) were selected for this study. The PM was first detected in one of the three samples at CS20. It was detected in five of the seven samples (71.4%) between CS21 and CS23. Forty‐eight samples (81.4%) at early fetal period had PMs on both the right and left sides, and 3 (5.1%) had it only on the right side. Eight samples (13.6%) had no PMs. No side‐differences or sexual dimorphisms were detected. The PM length was larger than the width in most samples, although the length/width ratio varied among the samples. The PM/rectus abdominis muscle length and PM/umbilicus‐pubic symphysis length ratios were almost constant, irrespective of the crown‐rump length. The PM was located ventrally inferior to the rectus abdominis and closer to the medial muscle groups of the lower limb than the rectus abdominis. The present study demonstrated that PM formation occurred in the late embryonic period, and that the frequency, side differences, sex dimorphism, and spatial position of the PM in the early fetal period were similar to those in adults.
The role of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists for weight control in individuals with acquired hypothalamic obesity—A systematic review
Authors: Ng Victoria Wen Wei , Gerard Gheslynn , Koh Jonathan Jin Kai , Loke Kah Yin , Lee Yung Seng , Ng Nicholas Beng Hui 
Published: January 2024

SummaryHypothalamic obesity does not respond well to conventional interventions for obesity. GLP‐1 receptor agonists have mechanisms independent of the hypothalamus which may be potentially beneficial for managing hypothalamic obesity. This systematic review summarizes the efficacy and safety of GLP‐1 receptor agonists use in hypothalamic obesity. A PRISMA‐compliant systematic review was performed. Data was extracted from included studies and analysed based on change in weight, body mass index, glycaemic control, satiety, and safety profile with GLP‐1 receptor agonist use. Ten studies comprising 5 case reports, 4 case series and 1 randomized‐controlled trial included 54 patients (24 males, 30 females) with mean age of 25.2 (range 13–71) years with hypothalamic obesity who had received GLP‐1 receptor agonists (exenatide = 48, liraglutide = 5 and dulaglutide = 1) over a mean duration of treatment of 12 (range 3–51) months. Mean weight reduction of 7.4 (SD 7.92) kg was observed in patients in whom weight was reported, with 85.7% of patients experiencing weight loss. All patients on liraglutide had weight reduction post‐therapy. The sole trial had reported a non‐significant reduction in BMI post‐exenatide. Glycaemic control had either improved/maintained in all patients in whom this was measured. The main side effects of GLP‐1 receptor agonist in individuals with hypothalamic obesity were nausea and vomiting; there were no major safety concerns. Based on limited published experience, GLP‐1RA may be effective and safe for weight control in hypothalamic obesity, with the added benefit of improved glycaemic control in those with concurrent diabetes mellitus.
From ejection fraction, to myocardial strain, and myocardial work in echocardiography: Clinical impact and controversies
Authors: Dell'Angela Luca , Nicolosi Gian Luigi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnhancing an echocardiographic tool, aimed to detect even subtle left ventricular (LV) systolic function abnormalities, capable of obtaining both early diagnosis and risk prediction of heart disease, represents an ambitious, attractive, and arduous purpose in the modern era of cardiovascular imaging. Ideally, that tool should be simple, reliable, and reproducible, in order to be concretely applied in routine clinical practice. Importantly, that technique should be physiologically plausible and useful both at the population‐level, as well as in the individual subject. For a long time, LV ejection fraction (EF) has been considered the first‐line parameter for assessing LV global systolic function, strictly related to the prognosis, at least in some settings. However, LV EF limitations are well‐known, even though frequently overemphasized, including its load‐dependency. Therefore, myocardial strain techniques have been proposed, deemed able to disclose even subtle early LV function anomalies. Nevertheless, many disadvantages of myocardial strain have been reported as well. More recently, myocardial work (MW) analysis has been introduced as a new echocardiographic tool for the evaluation of LV global systolic function, attempting to overcome EF and strain disadvantages. However, MW has shown many limits as well. Notwithstanding, LV EF still remains a landmark functional classification marker for heart failure and cardiac oncology, allowing reliable fast reassessment of LV function changes during patient management, in order to guide treatment in individual cases as well. Notably, global longitudinal strain and MW parameters seem to show better meaningful results at the population‐level, but controversial clinical impact, major limitations, wide cut‐offs spread and overlap, when the single value needs to be applied to the single case. Taking into account the recent literature‐based evidence, the scope of the present narrative critical review is trying to delineate the different types of information given by the described LV global systolic function parameters, both at the population‐level and in the individual case, in order to trace a comparative analysis of advantages and limitations in clinical practice.
Observing an expert's action swapped with an observer's face increases corticospinal excitability during combined action observation and motor imagery
Authors: Watanabe Hironori , Washino Sohei , Ogoh Shigehiko , Miyamoto Naokazu , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Kato Hirokazu , Yoshitake Yasuhide 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine whether observing an expert's action swapped with an observer's face increases corticospinal excitability during combined action observation and motor imagery (AOMI). Twelve young males performed motor imagery of motor tasks with different difficulties while observing the actions of an expert performer and an expert performer with a swapped face. Motor tasks included bilateral wrist dorsiflexion (EASY) and unilateral two‐ball rotating motions (DIFF). During the AOMI of EASY and DIFF, single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered to the left primary motor cortex, and motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) were obtained from the extensor carpi ulnaris and first dorsal interosseous muscles of the right upper limb, respectively. Visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed the subjective similarity of the expert performer with the swapped face in the EASY and DIFF to the participants themselves. The MEP amplitude in DIFF was larger in the observation of the expert performer with the swapped face than that of the expert performer (P = 0.012); however, the corresponding difference was not observed in EASY (P = 1.000). The relative change in the MEP amplitude from observing the action of the expert performer to that of the expert performer with the swapped face was positively correlated with VAS only in DIFF (r = 0.644, P = 0.024). These results indicate that observing the action of an expert performer with the observer's face enhances corticospinal excitability during AOMI, depending on the task difficulty and subjective similarity between the expert performer being observed and the observer.
Corporate social responsibility and investor relationship management
Authors: Jiao Jie , Wang Yanyang , Yan An 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFollowing the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, utilities firms increase their commitments to corporate social responsibility (CSR), emphasizing on addressing environmental concerns over non‐environmental ones. The intensified focus on CSR is especially significant in utilities firms with substantial institutional ownerships. Concurrent to the increase in CSR, utilities firms also exhibit a decline in advertising expenditures, a trend more pronounced in firms facing more financial constraints. Our findings suggest that utilities firms substitute CSR for advertising following the Fukushima accident. This shift appears driven by investors’ heightened focus on environmental issues in the aftermath of the accident.
Machine learning models in predicting failure ofHelicobacter pyloritreatment: A two country validation study
Authors: Jiang Fang , Lui Thomas K. L. , Ju Chengsheng , Guo Chuan‐Guo , Cheung Ka Shing , Lau Wallis C. Y. , Leung Wai K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe success rate of clarithromycin‐containingHelicobacter pyloritreatment had declined globally. This study aims to explore the role of different machine learning algorithms in predicting failure ofH. pyloritreatment.Materials and MethodsWe included 84,609 adult patients who had received the first course of clarithromycin‐containing triple therapy forH. pyloriin Hong Kong from 2003 to 2013 as training set. Results were validated in patients who had received similar triple therapy with 27,736 Hong Kong patients between 2014 and 2017 (internal cohort); and 18,050 UK patients between 2012 and 2017 (external cohort). The performance of 11 available machine learning algorithms were used to predict the failure of triple therapy. The performance was determined by the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe treatment failure rates in the training, internal and external validation cohort was 5.9%, 9.5%, and 6.1%, respectively. In the internal validation set, Extra‐Tree (ET) Classifier had the best AUC (0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.88), sensitivity (79.6%; 95% CI, 79.0–80.2) and specificity (79.4%; 95% CI, 79.0–79.8). In the external validation set, ET Classifier also had the best AUC (0.85; 95% CI, 0.85–0.86), sensitivity (80.1%; 95% CI, 79.5–80.9), and specificity (80.2%; 95% CI, 78.8–81.3). Top features of importance used by ET Classifier in predicting treatment failure included time interval between antibiotic use and triple therapy (48.8%), age (29.1%) and triple therapy regime (6.28%).ConclusionsMachine learning algorithm, based on simple baseline clinical parameters, could help to identify patients at high risk of failure from clarithromycin‐containing triple therapy forH. pylori.
Deficient mismatch repair screening of advanced adenomas in the population screening program for colorectal cancer is not effective
Authors: Vink‐Börger Elisa , Dabir Parag D , Krekels Joyce , van Kouwen Mariëtte C A , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J L , van der Post Rachel S , Nagtegaal Iris D 
Published: January 2024

AimCurrently, screening of colorectal cancers (CRC) by assessing mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability (MSI) is used to identify Lynch syndrome (LS) patients. Advanced adenomas are considered immediate precursor lesions of CRC. In this study we investigate the relevance of screening of advanced adenomas for LS in population screening.Methods and resultsAdvanced adenomas (n = 1572) were selected from the Dutch colorectal cancer population screening programme, based on one or more of the criteria: tubulovillous (n = 848, 54%) or villous adenoma (n = 118, 7.5%), diameter ≥ 1 cm (n = 1286, 82%) and/or high‐grade dysplasia (n = 176, 11%). In 86 cases (5%), all three criteria were fulfilled at the same time. MMR–IHC and/or MSI analyses were performed on all cases. Only five advanced adenomas (0.3%) showed dMMR and MSI, including two cases with hypermethylation. In at least two patients a germline event was suspected based on allelic frequencies. No pathogenic explanation was found in the last case.ConclusionTimely testing of precursor lesions would be preferable to detect new LS patients before CRC development. However, standard assessment of dMMR of advanced adenomas from the population screening is not effective.
Hidradenitis suppurativa in children and young adults: a retrospective cross‐sectional observational study in the United Kingdom
Authors: McGrath Conn , Steyn Mia , Rashidghamat Ellie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in children and young adults (CYA) (<18 years) is uncommon. No previous observational studies have been carried out in a UK CYA HS population.MethodsThis study was based on retrospective case note reviews of CYA HS patients attending tertiary‐level care in the CYA HS service in a UK hospital. Patients <18 years old with a known diagnosis of HS were screened for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were those with less than one follow‐up appointment.ResultsTwenty‐eight CYA HS patients were identified, with an M:F ratio of 1:8.3. Mean BMI was 25.2 (SD: 7.6). 17 (61%) of cases had a relevant family history. Long‐term antibiotic monotherapy was the most common treatment initiated. Lymecycline was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic, accounting for 23 (56%) of the 41 courses prescribed. Additional treatments initiated included dual therapy with rifampicin and clindamycin, isotretinoin, and adalimumab, which were more commonly prescribed in patients with Hurley Stage II or III.ConclusionsThis group had a female predominance with an apparent strong genetic predisposition which is seen in other HS CYA cross‐sectional research. Treatment was varied in this cohort, however long courses of antibiotics, including combined therapy with rifampicin and clindamycin, were the mainstay of treatment, similar to management in the adult population. This study therefore adds to the limited information on the demographics and management of the HS CYA population.
Recycling of wheat gluten wastewater: separation, characterisation, and solution rheology of arabinoxylans
Authors: Geng Mengyuan , Li Jiale , Luo Denglin , Li Xingguo , Zhang Yunhui , Lan Honglin , Huang Jihong , Bai Zhouya , Han Sihai 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA significant volume of gluten production wastewater, containing arabinoxylan, is generated during wheat processing, presenting an underutilised resource. In this study, water‐extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) was obtained from this wastewater through water extraction and alcohol precipitation, followed by purification, and its chemical and rheological properties were subsequently investigated. The analysis revealed a mean molecular weight of 4.57 × 104 Da for WEAX, with arabinose (38.08%) and xylose (43.77%) as the predominant monosaccharides. Notably, the sample exhibited characteristic structural properties of arabinoxylan, as confirmed by FT‐IR spectra. Scanning electron microscopy further revealed a heterogeneous solid morphology, comprising filamentous flake and spherical structures. Moreover, WEAX demonstrated favourable thermal stability and revealed shear‐thinning behaviour, as well as weak gelation, as evidenced by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheological analysis. This study not only presents a novel approach for the resource treatment of wheat gluten production wastewater but also contributes new insights into the characterisation of arabinoxylan.
Associations of anxiety and fatigue with hazardous occupational conditions of Korean nurses in early pregnancy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hee , Kim Oksoo , Cho Mijung , Jeong Hyunseon , Dan Hyunju 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo identify occupational conditions associated with anxiety and fatigue among Korean nurses in early pregnancy.BackgroundPregnant nurses, like non‐pregnant hospital nurses, are exposed to dangerous and stressful work environments, which can affect fatigue and anxiety.Design and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 1490 nurses who participated in the early pregnancy module in the Korea Nurses' Health Study between 2014 and 2020. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were employed to identify the factors associated with anxiety and fatigue among nurses in early pregnancy.ResultsOne‐fifth of participants were working night shifts, and more than two‐thirds were working overtime. When using antineoplastic drugs and disinfectants, the rate of use of protective equipment varied depending on the size of the hospital. Working overtime and lifting heavy objects were associated with increased anxiety and fatigue among nurses.ConclusionOvertime work was associated with both anxiety and fatigue among pregnant nurses. Pregnant hospital nurses were exposed to both night shift and overtime work. Therefore, hospital managers should improve hazardous working environments to protect the health of nurses in early pregnancy and their fetuses.
Bridging the gap between work‐ and nonwork‐related knowledge contributions on enterprise social media: The role of the employee–employer relationship
Authors: Boukef Nabila , Charki Mohamed Hédi , Cheikh‐Ammar Mustapha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKnowledge is an invaluable resource and a key to organisational success. To leverage this resource adequately, organisations must encourage their employees to share what they know with their peers. Enterprise social media (ESM) has emerged as an ideal venue for achieving this goal, and numerous studies have examined the drivers of work‐related knowledge contributions on these platforms. The present study contributes to this body of research by examining a prevalent yet underexplored form of knowledge sharing that often occurs on ESM: nonwork‐related knowledge contributions. We argue that contrary to a commonly held belief, this presumably hedonic employee behaviour can benefit organisations through its spillover effect on the work domain. In other words, we argue that nonwork‐related knowledge contributions on ESM can foster work‐related ones. Building on social exchange theory and on the associative–propositional evaluation model in social psychology, we also show that the employee–employer (EE) relationship—conceptualised in terms of perceived organisational support and perceived employee psychological safety—moderates the relationship between the two forms of knowledge contributions. The analysis of field data collected from 269 employees of a French e‐commerce company confirmed that nonwork‐related knowledge contributions are positively associated with work‐related ones and that this positive association is moderated by the EE relationship. We discuss the theoretical contributions of our results and explain key managerial implications for organisations hoping to reap the benefits of ESM in a sustainable way.