bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘It's kind of like weaning. I had to wean myself off of wine’: Navigating no‐ and low‐alcohol drinks as potential harm reduction tools and relapse triggers by women in recovery in the UK
Authors: Davey Claire 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionConcerns have been raised that consumption of no‐ and low‐alcohol drinks by those who are in recovery could lead to a relapse to past drinking behaviours. However, little is known regarding how individuals use these products to substitute alcohol and support their sobriety.MethodsThis article draws on an ethnographic study of women's experiences of recovery within online sobriety communities in which semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 25 UK‐based women. The dataset was analysed and coded from a pragmatist feminist standpoint using a grounded theoretical approach to specifically address the research question: ‘How do women in recovery navigate the protective and risk factors associated with no‐ and low‐alcohol drinks through practices of consumption?’ResultsWomen in recovery navigate no‐ and low‐alcohol drinks as potential harm‐reduction tools and relapse triggers by engaging in nuanced practices of substitution. Contrasting examples include direct substitution and temporary avoidance in early recovery.Discussion and ConclusionsSubstitution practices are informed by the temporality of participants' recovery journeys, the social situation, and the products. Participants selectively replicate and resist their former drinking practices to balance their perceived harm‐reduction benefits and relapse triggers of no‐ and low‐alcohol drinks. Important considerations are raised for those in recovery who may want to use no‐ and low‐alcohol drinks as a harm reduction tool, and for recovery modalities that promote them. It concludes with calls for more clarity regarding the definition and labelling of no‐ and low‐alcohol drinks, and for a greater understanding of their use across different recovery cultures.
Exploring the relationship between digital competence proficiency and student learning performance
Authors: Chaw Lee Yen , Tang Chun Meng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increased use of digital technology in higher education requires university students to be digitally proficient. The main objective of this study is to examine the extent to which university students' proficiency in various digital competences could be helpful towards their learning performance. This study adopted DigComp 2.2 to design a data collection instrument for an online questionnaire survey and conducted data analysis on the valid 314 responses using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM). The findings indicate that, with the exception of safety, the digital competence areas of information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, and problem solving were significant to student learning performance. The findings also revealed that students' current semester had no significant moderating effect on the relationships between their proficiency in digital competence areas and learning performance, with the exception of a relationship between information and data literacy and learning performance, as well as a relationship between problem solving and learning performance, between respondents in semesters 3 and 4, and between respondents in semesters 5 and 6, respectively. The findings contribute to a better understanding of DigComp 2.2's applicability in higher education and can be used by educational institutions and educators to design learning activities and formative assessments that can help students improve their digital competence proficiency.
Ontological insecurity of inattentiveness: Conceptualizing how risk management practices impact on patient recovery when admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital
Authors: Deering Kris , Wagstaff Chris , Williams Jo , Bermingham Ivor , Pawson Chris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRisk management which assesses and mitigates risks such as suicide and violence is under scrutiny, particularly within psychiatric inpatient settings. Restrictive practices, which result from risk assessment, such as observations, physical restraint and ward seclusion can impact negatively on patient recovery, hindering abilities to develop a meaningful life that emphasizes purpose, hope and autonomy, despite experiencing mental distress. Yet, less is known about the impact from the patient's perspective when first admitted to hospital, a period which among other reasons may come with increasing risk management practices owing to the clinical uncertainties about patient risks. In this grounded theory study, we explore the impact on recovery, interviewing 15 adult participants with patient experiences of being in an acute hospital. The main theme of the study, termed a core category with a grounded theory, was identified as “ontological insecurity of inattentiveness”. This highlighted a staff inattentiveness with involving patients with risk management and explaining the purposes of the practice, which raised insecurities about what was happening to the patients when admitted to hospital. Four subcategories support the core category; discounting the patients' experiences to gain a meaningful grasp of risk management, ambiguity about risk management rules, particularly the reasons around their use, forebodingness to the hospital environment and, management from afar, with patients feeling scrutinized from observations without a voice to offer different views. It is hoped these findings will add to the field of patient involvement in psychiatric inpatient settings, proposing attempts to raise understanding and inclusivity of risk management, starting when first admitted to hospital.
Seasonal Land‐Cover Regions of the United States
Authors: Loveland Thomas R. , Merchant James W. , Brown Jesslyn F. , Ohlen Donald O. , Reed Bradley C. , Olson Paul , Hutchinson John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal‐change investigations have been hindered by deficiencies in the availability and quality of land‐cover data. The U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln have collaborated on the development of a new approach to land‐cover characterization that attempts to address requirements of the global‐change research community and others interested in regional patterns of land cover. An experimental 1 ‐kilometer‐resolution database of land‐cover characteristics for the coterminous U.S. has been prepared to test and evaluate the approach. Using multidate Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data complemented by elevation, climate, ecoregions, and other digital spatial datasets, the authors define 152, seasonal land‐cover regions. The regionalization is based on a taxonomy of areas with respect to data on land cover, seasonality or phenology, and relative levels of primary production. The resulting database consists of descriptions of the vegetation, land cover, and seasonal, spectral, and site characteristics for each region. These data are used in the construction of an illustrative 1:7,500,000‐scaIe map of the seasonal land‐cover regions as well as of smaller‐scale maps portraying general land cover and seasonality. The seasonal land‐cover characteristics database can also be tailored to provide a broad range of other landscape parameters useful in national and global‐scale environmental modeling and assessment.
Size effects in 3D‐printed polymer‐derived, zirconium diboride‐reinforced ceramic composites
Authors: Kemp James William , Reed Jesse Lynn , Compton Brett Gibson 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPreceramic polymers are of interest for use in many manufacturing techniques such as injection molding, ceramic fiber infiltration, and additive manufacturing. However, off‐gassing of low molecular weight oligomers occurs when these polymers cure, potentially leading to porosity in the cured part. To study how porosity and strength are affected by the size of the printed part, and the presence of a high surface area nano‐scale filler, polycarbosilane (PCS) microrods of varying diameter were fabricated via direct ink writing (DIW), an additive manufacturing technique, with two ink formulations containing either zirconium diboride (ZrB2) alone, or ZrB2 and fumed alumina (FA). Sets of microrods were printed in a range of sizes by using print nozzles of 450, 634, 979, 1 346, or 1 702 μm in diameter, which were thermally cured, pyrolyzed to form ceramic composite microrods, and tested in 3‐pt flexure. Porosity increased with increasing diameter, while failure strength decreased. For a given nozzle size, the microrods containing FA displayed lower porosity and higher strength (up to ∼500 MPa) compared to the microrods containing only ZrB2. Weibull strength analysis was performed on each group of microrods and shows that the addition of FA increased Weibull modulus from 4.63 ± 1.56 to 9.35 ± 0.601. In conjunction with optical microscopy, this analysis indicates two distinct flaw populations in the printed materials, porosity which arises during the curing step and cracking which arises during pyrolysis of the larger specimens.
Early life jumping traits: Are they good proxies for success in show jumping competitions in Belgian warmblood horses?
Authors: Chapard Léa , Meyermans Roel , Gorssen Wim , Hooyberghs Katrijn , Meurrens Inge , De Smet Stefaan , Buys Nadine , Janssens Steven 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe main goal of the Belgian Warmblood horse studbook (BWP) is to breed successful competition horses, with emphasis on show jumping. However, competition results are only available later in life and competition traits are lowly heritable. Hence, the use of phenotypes that record performance‐related traits at an early life stage could help increase genetic progress. In this study, we evaluated the potential of eleven linear scored early life jumping traits assessed during jumping in freedom (2–5 years old) or under the saddle (4–6 years old) as proxies for later success in show jumping competitions. To this end, we estimated their heritabilities and genetic correlations with the competition trait, adjusted fence height, by using 2170 free jumping records, 1588 jumping under saddle records, 674,527 show jumping competition records and almost 81,000 informative horses in the pedigree. As participation of young horses in these contests is on a voluntary basis, a pre‐selection most probably exists. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the association between participation to young horse contests and participation to show jumping competitions later on (called here start status phenotype). We also estimated heritabilities for “start status in free jumping contest”, “start status in jumping under saddle contest” and “start status in free jumping or jumping under saddle contest” by fitting threshold models. Furthermore, we calculated genetic correlations between these traits and adjusted fence height and calculated the correlations between EBVs for start status in young horse contests and EBVs for success in competitions. Estimated heritabilities of early life jumping traits ranged between 0.05 and 0.30. Their genetic correlations with adjusted fence height were moderate to high (rg = 0.37–0.63). Relatively more horses that participated in young horse contests competed later on compared to horses that did not participate in young horse contests (p‐value < 0.001). They were also significantly more successful in show jumping competitions. Furthermore, start status in young horse contests was moderately heritable in BWP horses (h2 = 0.56–0.65) and moderately to highly correlated with later success in competitions (rg = 0.30–0.77). Hence, we showed that ELJ traits are good proxies for later success in competitions and that a pre‐selection of horses occurs in young horse contests. It is suggested to stimulate participation to young horse contests to achieve a more representative sample of the population. Early life jumping traits can therefore optimize the genetic progress for show jumping performance.
A machine learning tool for the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection from hemogram parameters
Authors: Gómez‐Rojas S. , Segura G. Pérez , Ollé J. , Carreño Gómez‐Tarragona G. , Medina J. González , Aguado J. M. , Guerrero E. Vera , Santaella M. Poza , Martínez‐López J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMonocytes and neutrophils play key roles in the cytokine storm triggered by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which changes their conformation and function. These changes are detectable at the cellular and molecular level and may be different to what is observed in other respiratory infections. Here, we applied machine learning (ML) to develop and validate an algorithm to diagnose COVID‐19 using blood parameters. In this retrospective single‐center study, 49 hemogram parameters from 12,321 patients with clinical suspicion of COVID‐19 and tested by RT‐PCR (4239 positive and 8082 negative) were analysed. The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation sets. Blood cell parameters and patient age were used to construct the predictive model with the support vector machine (SVM) tool. The model constructed from the training set (5936 patients) achieved an accuracy for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of 0.952 (95% CI: 0.875–0.892). Test sensitivity and specificity was 0.868 and 0.899, respectively, with a positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of 0.896 and 0.872, respectively (prevalence 0.50). The validation set model (4964 patients) achieved an accuracy of 0.894 (95% CI: 0.883–0.903). Test sensitivity and specificity was 0.8922 and 0.8951, respectively, with a positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of 0.817 and 0.94, respectively (prevalence 0.34). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.952 for the algorithm performance. This algorithm may allow to rule out COVID‐19 diagnosis with 94% of probability. This represents a great advance for early diagnostic orientation and guiding clinical decisions.
Altered reverse impression method involving extraoral digitalization of a verification jig for the fabrication of implant‐supported prosthesis by using a complete‐digital workflow
Authors: Rosmaninho Alberto , Vedovato Eurípedes , Kois John C. , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe reverse impression method involves the extraoral digitalization of the interim implant‐supported prostheses and intraoral digitalization of antagonist arch and maxillomandibular relationship. This technique allows the fabrication of implant‐supported prostheses by using a complete‐digital workflow. The scan analogs make the reverse impression method feasible. However, this method may not be recommended if the interim polymethyl methacrylate prosthesis does not have passive fit. The present manuscript describes an altered reverse impression technique that involves the extraoral digitalization of a conventional verification jig, which has attached scan analogs. With this technique modification, the implant positions captured using the verification jig are used to obtain the virtual definitive implant cast and fabricate the definitive implant‐supported prosthesis.
The role of Aeromonas genotyping in virulence for Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Aboyadak Ibrahim Mohamed , Soliman Magdy Khalil , Nageeb Hadeer Mohamed , Ali Nadia Gabr 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAeromonas septicemia still represents a serious challenge facing the global aquaculture sector. In the present study, Aeromonas caviae and A. veronii were isolated from four diseased European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) farms experiencing a high mortality rate. Diseased fish showed haemorrhages on the external body surface with exophthalmia, cataracts, scale desquamation, skin ulcers and fin erosions. The most common post‐mortem findings were congested internal organs, particularly the liver and posterior kidney. Twenty‐eight A. Veronii and 11 A. caviae isolates were identified biochemically by the Vitek 2 system and then confirmed by PCR and phylogenetic analysis. Hemolysin (hlyA) and aerolysin (aer) were the most abundant virulence genes in the recovered isolates, followed by cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) and heat‐stable enterotoxin (ast). A. caviae was more virulent than A. veronii for D. labrax fingerlings as LD50 ranging between (>1 × 108–6.2 × 107) for A. veronii and (2.9 × 107–8.3 × 107) for A. caviae. The sensitivity test indicated the effectiveness of norfloxacin, doxycycline and oxytetracycline against the tested isolates. Serum cortisol significantly increased in the infected groups, while catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities significantly decreased at 2 days post‐infection (DPI) and then increased at 6 DPI. The presence of virulence genes was associated with bacterial pathogenicity expressed in fish mortality rate. Virulence genes also drastically affect cortisol levels more than catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels.
Role of Bacillus cereus biofilm formation behavior in virulence and pathogenic characteristics
Authors: Park Eun‐Ji , Hussain Mohammad Shakhawat , Elahi Fazle , Hossain Arzina , Oh Deog Hwan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the potential link between Bacillus cereus biofilm formation, virulence, and pathogenicity. The biofilm formation abilities of nine B. cereus strains isolated from food and two reference strains (ATCC 10876 and ATCC 25621) were measured using a crystal violet assay. Among the tested strains, three strains (GIHE 617‐5, GIHE 86‐09, and GIHE 728‐17) and both reference strains were capable of biofilm formation. A positive correlation was obtained for higher cell surface hydrophobicity and increased biofilm formation. In contrast, HPLC analysis for elevated autoinducer‐2 (Al‐2) production revealed a negative impact on biofilm formation. PCR data indicated that all tested strains were capable of producing common B. cereus enterotoxins, including Hbl—A, C, and D, CytK, Nhe—B and C, EntFM, and BceT, but were negative for production of the emetic toxin cereulide and the pore‐forming toxin Hly II. Meanwhile, RT‐PCR data revealed a close correlation between high biofilm formation and the upregulation of several tested virulence genes for selected strains. However, elevated upregulation of virulence genes was not consistent in all of the higher biofilm‐forming strains. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed higher virulence characteristics compared to those of low biofilm‐forming strains.
Macronutrient content of pasteurised donor human milk: Variability between batches from single‐donor pools at an Australian milk bank
Authors: Walter Leonie , Clifford Vanessa , Sulfaro Christine , Brown Richard , Ribeiro Daniel , Welvaert Marijke , Shuttleworth Glen , Klein Laura D 
Published: October 2023

AimThis study aimed to characterise the between‐batch variability of pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM) produced from single‐donor pools at Australian Red Cross Lifeblood's milk bank and identify key donor characteristics that predict macronutrient content.MethodsMacronutrient content from 200 batches of PDHM was measured using a mid‐infrared human milk analyser (Miris, Uppsala, Sweden). Linear mixed models were used to study the impact of stage of lactation and gestational age on macronutrient content. Coefficients of determination (R2) were calculated to estimate the impact of the individual donor on overall variability.ResultsMacronutrient content of PDHM varied considerably, with between‐batch variations of 2.8 and 6.4‐fold for protein and fat content, respectively. Mean crude protein content was 1.16 g/100 mL, ranging from 0.7 to 1.96 g/100 mL. Mean fat content was 3.85 g/100 mL, ranging from 1.46 to 9.39 g/100 mL. Stage of lactation was identified as a predictor for protein content and gestational age at birth for fat content. Individual donor effect explained 55 and 35% of the variance for fat and protein content, respectively.ConclusionsThis study highlights the variation in macronutrient content in PDHM at an Australian milk bank. Variability could be reduced through the implementation of targeted multiple‐donor pooling using the key donor characteristics identified in this study along with the measurement of macronutrient content of individual donors at the time of first donation. However, the clinical benefit of a reduction in between‐batch variation, achieved through multiple‐donor pooling, would need to be assessed to justify additional efforts associated with PDHM processing changes.
Utility of vertebral left atrial size and vertebral heart size to aid detection of congestive heart failure in dogs with respiratory signs
Authors: Ross Evan S. , Visser Lance C. , Sbardellati Nicholas , Potter Brianna M. , Ohlendorf Alex , Scansen Brian A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating cardiogenic vs noncardiogenic causes of respiratory signs can be challenging when echocardiography is unavailable. Radiographic vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) and vertebral heart size (VHS) have been shown to predict echocardiographic left heart size, with VLAS specifically estimating left atrial size.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCompare the diagnostic accuracy of VLAS and VHS to predict left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs presenting with respiratory signs.AnimalsOne‐hundred fourteen dogs with respiratory signs and radiographic pulmonary abnormalities.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study. Dogs had to have an echocardiogram and thoracic radiographs obtained within 24 hours. Diagnosis of CHF was confirmed based on the presence of respiratory signs, cardiac disease, LA enlargement, and cardiogenic pulmonary edema.ResultsFifty‐seven dogs had CHF and 57 did not have CHF. Compared to VHS (area under the curve [AUC] 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77‐0.91), VLAS was a significantly (P = .03) more accurate predictor of CHF (AUC, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85‐0.96). Optimal cutoff for VLAS was >2.3 vertebrae (sensitivity, 93.0%; specificity, 82.5%). Murmur grade (P = .02) and VLAS (P < .0001) were independently associated with CHF and VHS was not. Increased VHS (54%) was significantly (P = .01) more common than increased VLAS (24%) in dogs without CHF. Results were similar in a subsample of older and smaller dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWhen echocardiography is unavailable, VLAS and murmur grade have clinically utility to aid in differentiating cardiogenic from noncardiogenic respiratory signs. These findings might be especially useful to help rule out CHF in dogs with increased VHS that present with respiratory signs.