bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ToxIN homolog from Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis impairs bacteriophage infection
Authors: McFarlane John A , Hansen Eleanore G , Ortega Estephany C , Iskender Irem , Noireaux Vincent , Bowden Steven D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
To determine if the bacteriophage abortive infection system ToxIN is present in foodborne Salmonella and if it protects against infection by bacteriophages specific to enteric bacteria.

Methods and results
A set of foodborne Salmonella enteritidis isolates from a 2010 eggshell outbreak was identified via BLASTN (basic local alignment search tool nucleotide) queries as harboring a close homolog of ToxIN, carried on a plasmid with putative mobilization proteins. This homolog was cloned into a plasmid vector and transformed into the laboratory strain Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and tested against a set of Salmonella-specific phages (FelixO1, S16, Sp6, LPST153, and P22 HT105/1 int-201). ToxIN reduced infection by FelixO1, S16, and LPST153 by ∼1–4 log PFU ml−1 while reducing the plaque size of Sp6. When present in LT2 and Escherichia coli MG1655, ToxIN conferred cross-genus protection against phage isolates, which infect both bacteria. Finally, the putative ToxIN plasmid was found in whole-genome sequence contigs of several Salmonella serovars, pathogenic E. coli, and other pathogenic enterobacteria.

Conclusions
Salmonella and E. coli can resist infection by several phages via ToxIN under laboratory conditions; ToxIN is present in foodborne pathogens including Salmonella and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli.
Successful application of anthranilic diamides in preventing small hive beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) infestation in honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies
Authors: Hackmeyer Ethan J , Washburn Tyler J , Delaplane Keith S , Bartlett Lewis J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The nest-scavenging beetle Aethina tumida remains a persistent problem for beekeepers in parts of the Southeast United States, where warm wet soils allow beetle populations to grow rapidly and overwhelm colonies, especially during the summer dearth. Furthermore, small hive beetle infestation prevents beekeepers from easily provisioning colonies with additional pollen or protein feed (patties), preventing holistic management of honey bee health via improved nutrition, and reducing the economic potential of package and nucleus colony rearing in the Southeast. Here, we demonstrate using both in vitro laboratory trials and a small in vivo field trial that the differential specificity of anthranilic diamide insecticides (specifically, chlorantraniliprole) between bees and beetles allows for the control and prevention of small hive beetle infestation in honey bee colonies even when feeding with large patties. Honey bees show orders of magnitude higher tolerance to chlorantraniliprole compared to small hive beetles, opening new avenues for improving bee health including during spring splits and throughout the summer.
No evidence to support the use of glycerol–oxalic acid mixtures delivered via paper towel for controlling Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) mites in the Southeast United States
Authors: Bartlett Lewis J , Baker Christian , Bruckner Selina , Delaplane Keith S , Hackmeyer Ethan J , Phankaew Chama , Williams Geoffrey R , Berry Jennifer A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A significant amount of researcher and practitioner effort has focused on developing new chemical controls for the parasitic Varroa destructor mite in beekeeping. One outcome of that has been the development and testing of “glycerol–oxalic acid” mixtures to place in colonies for extended periods of time, an off-label use of the otherwise legal miticide oxalic acid. The majority of circulated work on this approach was led by practitioners and published in nonacademic journals, highlighting a lack of effective partnership between practitioners and scientists and a possible failure of the extension mandate in beekeeping in the United States. Here, we summarize the practitioner-led studies we could locate and partner with a commercial beekeeper in the Southeast of the United States to test the “shop towel–oxalic acid–glycerol” delivery system developed by those practitioners. Our study, using 129 commercial colonies between honey flows in 2017 split into 4 treatment groups, showed no effectiveness in reducing Varroa parasitism in colonies exposed to oxalic acid–glycerol shop towels. We highlight the discrepancy between our results and those circulated by practitioners, at least for the Southeast, and the failure of extension to support practitioners engaged in research.
Commercial probiotic formulas Bactocell and Levucell promote spring brood production in Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies
Authors: Bleau N , Derome N , Giovenazzo P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Honey bees are essential pollinators for several economically important crops. In temperate countries, honey bee colonies face multiple threats during the overwintering period, such as food availability, diseases, and confinement. Beekeepers commonly use chemicals to improve colony health during winter, but these products can have a negative impact on bee health and pathogens can develop resistance to them. Thus, there is a need for further development of alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of one endogenic bacterium (Bombella apis) and 2 commercial probiotic formulas (Bactocell and Levucell) on colony survival, spring development, and Vairimorpha (formerly Nosema) spp. spore count. Probiotic treatments were given in 1: 1 sugar syrup in October 2017 and April 2018, once a week for 2 wk. One experimental group was given Fumagilin-B, the only product approved in Canada to prevent nosemosis, once in October. The administration of 2 commercial probiotics, Bactocell (Pediococcus acidilactici) and Levucell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii), led to a significant increase in the number of sealed brood cells in spring. None of the probiotic treatments impacted the honey bee gut load of Vairimorpha spp. spores. The results suggest that beneficial microorganisms can improve spring development and performance of honey bee colonies.
On the epistemic urgency of decolonizing the school curriculum: a reflection
Authors: Akbar Azaan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In recent years there have been increasing calls to ‘decolonize’ the curriculum across different levels of education. This has been met with significant opposition at both the school and university levels. For many, there is a lack of clarity concerning why students, particularly in school, should study a decolonized curriculum. I reflect on the notion of an ‘epistemic urgency’ to decolonize the secondary school curriculum in England, and I focus particularly on History and Religious Education (RE) as examples. Using theories of epistemic injustice, and my own experiences in teaching, I build the case for this ‘urgency’ from two arguments: one from justice and one from purpose. On justice, I argue that current curricula create negative epistemic consequences that we might consider to be unjust. On purpose, I argue that some curricula also fail to meet the purposes that they are intended to meet, thereby creating further negative epistemic consequences. On both arguments, I hope to show that the negative epistemic consequences create an ‘urgency’ to decolonize curricula, which I hope encourages educators in England and beyond to begin considering whether decolonizing their curricula will lead to better outcomes for their learners.
Comparison of kits for SARS-CoV-2 extraction in liquid and passive samples
Authors: Lau Melody , King Brendon J , Keegan Alexandra , Drigo Barbara , Donner Erica , Monis Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Effective extraction and detection of viral nucleic acids from sewage are fundamental components of a successful SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance programme. As there is no standard method employed in sewage surveillance, understanding the performance of different extraction kits in the recovery of SARS-CoV-2 and the impact that PCR inhibitors have on quantification is essential to minimize data discrepancies caused by sample extraction. Three commercial nucleic acid extraction kits: the RNeasy PowerSoil Total RNA Kit (PS), the RNeasy PowerMicrobiome Kit (PMB), and the MagMAX™ Microbiome Ultra Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit (MM), with minor modifications, were evaluated. Their efficacy in recovering viral ribonucleic acid and removal of PCR inhibitors was assessed using two South Australian wastewater matrices—one from a major metropolitan site and one from a regional centre. Both had SARS-CoV-2 present due to active COVID-19 cases in these communities. Overall, the MM kit had a higher recovery of SARS-CoV-2 from the samples tested, followed by PMB and PS. The PMB kit performance was strongly influenced by the sample matrix when compared to the MM kit. It is recommended to assess the performance of extraction kits using different local wastewater matrices to ensure the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results to avoid false reporting.
Takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Templin-Ghadri Jelena , Würdinger Michael , Bauersachs Johann , Templin Christian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute, transient left ventricular dysfunction with distinct wall motion abnormalities that extend beyond the territory of a single coronary artery. Four different types of TTS are known: apical, basal, mid-ventricular, and focal. TTS was first described by Sato and colleagues in Japan in 1990, with an increasing incidence over the last years. It predominantly affects postmenopausal women. Predisposing diseases and physical or emotional triggers are frequent. The pathophysiology is not yet completely understood; however, elevated catecholamine levels seem to be central. Its clinical presentation is comparable to that of an acute coronary syndrome, and the basis of its diagnosis is exclusion of epicardial coronary lesions as the culprit for the wall motion abnormalities. Therapeutic management of TTS is still challenging, and evidence-based treatment is entirely lacking. TTS is not a benign disease and outcome is comparable to that of acute myocardial infarction.
Cardiac catheterization, invasive imaging, and haemodynamics
Authors: Hamm Christian W , Assmus Birgit , Mitrovic Veselin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Heart failure results in abnormal loading conditions in the heart and lungs. These altered haemodynamics induce functional and structural changes in the cardiopulmonary system. Heart catheterization plays a major role in diagnosis and treatment of heart failure, for example, in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction or pulmonary hypertension. Whereas in-depth haemodynamic evaluation using a right heart catheter is used to establish the correct diagnosis and monitor treatment responses, left heart catheterization and coronary and structural interventions provide direct treatment approaches. Invasive haemodynamic evaluation is indicated when clinical assessment and imaging do not sufficiently explain the aetiology of heart failure. Standardized data acquisition and good procedural technique are key to achieving high diagnostic quality. Equally essential is a thorough understanding of haemodynamics for correct interpretation of pressure curves. Physicians must be adequately trained in obtaining high-quality haemodynamic measurements in order to provide an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment recommendations for the best possible patient care.
Angiotensin receptor blockers in heart failure
Authors: Piña Ileana L , Abdelhamid Magdy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Excess activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to the pathophysiology of heart failure. Activation of the RAS results in increased production of angiotensin I (AI), which is converted to angiotensin II (AII) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). AII is a potent vasoconstrictor and also stimulates aldosterone secretion, which increases sodium and water retention. AII and aldosterone are also implicated in other potentially deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, including endothelial damage, sympathetic activation, collagen formation, and decreased nitric oxide production. RAS blockade with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is achieved by inhibiting the binding of AII to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, which is believed to mediate the harmful cardiovascular effects of AII. The European Society of Cardiology Guidelines recommend an ARB to reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death in symptomatic patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who are unable to tolerate an ACE inhibitor. An ARB may also be considered for patients with mid-range ejection fraction to reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization and death.
Angiotensin II receptor–neprilysin inhibitor
Authors: Seferović Petar M , Senni Michele , Polovina Marija , Coats Andrew JS 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sacubitril/valsartan is the first-in-class angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) that combines the effects of potentiating the activity of the natriuretic peptide (NP) system with counteracting the increased activity of angiotensin II, via inhibition of the neutral endopeptidase neprilysin, combined with blockade of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. In the PARADIGM-HF trial that recruited ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), sacubitril/valsartan was associated with a 20% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality or heart failure (HF) hospitalization, compared to enalapril. In the PIONEER-HF trial of hospitalized patients with acute HFrEF, sacubitril/valsartan was superior, compared to enalapril, in reducing NP levels and in attenuating the risk of cardiovascular mortality, rehospitalization, and HF progression. Although it was no more effective than valsartan in improving outcomes in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (≥45%) in the PARAGON-HF trial, there may be a benefit in individuals with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and in women with HF across a wider range of LVEF. This chapter summarizes the development and pharmacodynamics, and reviews the evidence supporting the contemporary role, of sacubitril/valsartan in the management of HF.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Authors: Pitt Bertram , Ferreira João Pedro , Zannad Faiez 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hypertension, post-myocardial infarction, and heart failure are the cardiovascular clinical syndromes where mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have shown a beneficial effect. Most guidelines, while recommending MRAs, do not make a clear recommendation as to which MRAs should be used, how doses should be titrated, or what monitoring is indicated. This chapter provides an appraisal of the different types of MRA drugs and their pharmacological differences with respect to their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, monitoring, adverse effects, and drug interactions.
Implantable cardioverter–defibrillators
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Linde Cecilia , Dickstein Kenneth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICD) are used in secondary prevention to reduce mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and a history of sustained ventricular arrhythmias causing haemodynamic instability. Several randomized controlled trials have also shown that ICD implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) reduces the risk of all-cause death in patients with HFrEF, regardless of the heart failure aetiology. However, the more recent DANISH trial reported neutral results on mortality, thus questioning the efficacy of ICDs in patients with non-ischaemic HFrEF. Additionally, the risk of SCD has been reduced by contemporary HFrEF pharmacological treatments and cardiac resynchronization therapy over the last 20 years. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that parameters other than ejection fraction, for example, quantification of myocardial fibrosis and scar size, might better assess for a higher risk of SCD, and therefore might improve patient selection for ICD implantation in primary prevention. Recent data have proposed subcutaneous ICD implantation as a valid replacement for transvenous use in selected patients who require an ICD for primary prevention of SCD. Future research might foster optimization of ICD use by providing clearer guidance on patient risk stratification, and therefore assist physicians in selecting patients eligible for an ICD and the type of device.
Heart failure in systemic immune-mediated diseases
Authors: Luca Giacomo De , Moroni Luca , Tomelleri Alessandro , Marcolongo Renzo , Dagna Lorenzo , Caforio Alida LP , Matucci-Cerinic Marco 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Patients with systemic rheumatic diseases presented an increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications. These include vascular damage with accelerated atherosclerosis, myocardial and pericardial involvement, valvular abnormalities, arrhythmias, and heart failure (HF). The high risk of cardiovascular pathology is primarily due to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. The prevalence of HF is high since it represents the final result of various pathogenic mechanisms, mainly related to a chronic proinflammatory state. Increased concentration of inflammatory cytokines, indeed, correlates with the NYHA class in HF patients, acts as a direct cardiodepressant factor in patients with sepsis, and is directly involved in myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Different disease-specific pathogenic events may also have an impact on the occurrence of HF. Here we summarize the prevalence, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, and management of HF in the most common systemic rheumatic diseases, including: rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritis, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitides.
Disc settling and dynamical heating: histories of Milky Way-mass stellar discs across cosmic time in the FIRE simulations
Authors: McCluskey Fiona , Wetzel Andrew , Loebman Sarah R , Moreno Jorge , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the kinematics of stars both at their formation and today within 14 Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies from the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations. We quantify the relative importance of cosmological disc settling and post-formation dynamical heating. We identify three eras: a Pre-Disc Era (typically ≳ 8 Gyr ago), when stars formed on dispersion-dominated orbits; an Early-Disc Era (≈8–4 Gyr ago), when stars started to form on rotation-dominated orbits but with high velocity dispersion, σform; and a Late-Disc Era (≲ 4 Gyr ago), when stars formed with low σform. σform increased with time during the Pre-Disc Era, peaking ≈8 Gyr ago, then decreased throughout the Early-Disc Era as the disc settled and remained low throughout the Late-Disc Era. By contrast, the dispersion measured today, σnow, increases monotonically with age because of stronger post-formation heating for Pre-Disc stars. Importantly, most of σnow was in place at formation, not added post-formation, for stars younger than ≈10 Gyr. We compare the evolution of the three velocity components: at all times, σR, form &gt; σϕ, form &gt; σZ, form. Post-formation heating primarily increased σR at ages ≲ 4 Gyr but acted nearly isotropically for older stars. The kinematics of young stars in FIRE-2 broadly agree with the range observed across the MW, M31, M33, and PHANGS-MUSE galaxies. The lookback time that the disc began to settle correlates with its dynamical state today: earlier-settling galaxies currently form colder discs. Including stellar cosmic-ray feedback does not significantly change disc rotational support at fixed stellar mass.
FLASH: Faint Lenses from Associated Selection with Herschel
Authors: Bakx Tom J L C , Gray Bethany S , González-Nuevo Joaquin , Bonavera Laura , Amvrosiadis Aristeidis , Eales Stephen , Hagimoto Masato , Serjeant Stephen 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the ALMA Band 7 observations of 86 Herschel sources that likely contain gravitationally lensed galaxies. These sources are selected with relatively faint 500 μm flux densities between 15 and 85 mJy in an effort to characterize the effect of lensing across the entire million-source Herschel catalogue. These lensed candidates were identified by their close proximity to bright galaxies in the near-infrared VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy survey. Our high-resolution observations (0.15 arcsec) confirm 47 per cent of the initial candidates as gravitational lenses, while lensing cannot be excluded across the remaining sample. We find average lensing masses (log M/M⊙ = 12.9 ± 0.5) in line with previous experiments, although direct observations might struggle to identify the most massive foreground lenses across the remaining 53 per cent of the sample, particularly for lenses with larger Einstein radii. Our observations confirm previous indications that more lenses exist at low flux densities than expected from strong galaxy–galaxy lensing models alone, where the excess is likely due to additional contributions of cluster lenses and weak lensing. If we apply our method across the total 660 square degree H-ATLAS field, it would allow us to robustly identify 3000 gravitational lenses across the 660 square degree Herschel ATLAS fields.
Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics on a moving mesh II: Hall effect
Authors: Zier Oliver , Mayer Alexander C , Springel Volker 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we extend the non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) solver in the moving-mesh code arepo to include the Hall effect. The core of our algorithm is based on an estimation of the magnetic field gradients by a least-squares reconstruction on the unstructured mesh, which we also used in the companion paper for Ohmic and ambipolar diffusion. In an extensive study of simulations of a magnetic shock, we show that without additional magnetic diffusion our algorithm for the Hall effect becomes unstable at high resolution. We can however stabilize it by artificially increasing the Ohmic resistivity, ηOR, so that it satisfies the condition ηOR ≥ ηH/5, where ηH is the Hall diffusion coefficient. Adopting this solution, we find second-order convergence for the C-shock and are also able to accurately reproduce the dispersion relation of the whistler waves. As a first application of the new scheme, we simulate the collapse of a magnetized cloud with constant Hall parameter ηH and show that, depending on the sign of ηH, the magnetic braking can either be weakened or strengthened by the Hall effect. The quasi-Lagrangian nature of the moving-mesh method used here automatically increases the resolution in the forming core, making it well suited for more realistic studies with non-constant magnetic diffusivities in the future.