bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on vehicle detection based on improved YOLOX_S
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Han Wenyu , Xu Hao , Gong Kesong , Zeng Qingliang , Zhao Xieguang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAiming at the problem of easy misdetection and omission of small targets of long-distance vehicles in detecting vehicles in traffic scenes, an improved YOLOX_S detection model is proposed. Firstly, the redundant part of the original YOLOX_S network structure is clipped using the model compression strategy, which improves the model inference speed while maintaining the detection accuracy; secondly, the Resunit_CA structure is constructed by incorporating the coordinate attention module in the residual structure, which reduces the loss of feature information and improves the attention to the small target features; thirdly, in order to obtain richer small target features, the PAFPN structure tail to add an adaptive feature fusion module, which improves the model detection accuracy; finally, the loss function is optimized in the decoupled head structure, and the Focal Loss loss function is used to alleviate the problem of uneven distribution of positive and negative samples. The experimental results show that compared with the original YOLOX_S model, the improved model proposed in this paper achieves an average detection accuracy of 77.19% on this experimental dataset. However, the detection speed decreases to 29.73 fps, which is still a large room for improvement in detection in real-time. According to the visualization experimental results, it can be seen that the improved model effectively alleviates the problems of small-target missed detection and multi-target occlusion.
C3-epi-25(OH)D3 percentage, not level, may be a potential biomarker to reflect its pathological increase in multiple diseases: a cross-sectional case–control study
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Tang Jie , Hu Dong , Jiang Wenqiang , Feng Jiafu , Yang Yuwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNational surveys in developed countries have examined the presence of C3-epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [C3-epi-25(OH)D3]. However, controversy remains regarding its association with disease occurrence due to its high correlation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]. This study aims to investigate whether %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 can serve as an indicator for this relationship with various diseases. A total of 3086 healthy participants and 4120 patients were included in this study. We investigated the association between C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels with gender, age, and season; compared the performance of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 across different disease conditions; and explored the correlation between %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and various diseases. Results indicated that C3-epi-25(OH)D3 varied significantly by gender, age, and season (z/χ2 = 3.765, 10.163, and 150.975, all P < 0.01), while only season for %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 (χ2 = 233.098, P < 0.001). In contrast to the significant decrease in C3-epi-25(OH)D3, %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 showed a significant increase in 8 out of 11 disease categories (z = 3.464 ~ 11.543, all Padj < 0.05). Similar opposite changes were also observed in most of the investigated 32 specific diseases. Moreover, an elevation in %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 was found to be significantly associated with 29 specific diseases both in univariate analysis (OR = 1.16 ~ 2.10, all P < 0.05) and after adjusting for gender, age, and season (OR = 1.15 ~ 1.50, all P < 0.05). However, after further adjustment for 25(OH)D3 levels, the association remained significant only for 15 specific diseases (OR = 1.11 ~ 1.50, all P < 0.05). Seasonal stratification analysis further supports the consistent association of %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 with disease across all or nearly all four seasons. In conclusion, %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 may better reflect the production of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 in disease conditions, thereby offering a more applicable approach to investigate its association with diseases. However, the interpretation of this relationship may be confounded by 25(OH)D3 as a potential covariate.
Large-size gold–aluminum alloy cluster Al12Au60 stabilized by an encapsulating B12 icosahedron: a first-principles study
Authors: Guo Jing-Jing , Liu Peng-Bo , Chen Yi-Sha , Zhao Hui-Yan , Wang Jing , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The investigation of novel clusters incorporating gold (Au) has attracted increasing attention due to their intriguing architecture and feasibility of experimental synthesis. In this study, a large-size gold–aluminum alloy cluster with icosahedral B12 as its core, specifically a B12@Al12Au60 cluster, is proposed and demonstrated to have remarkable stability as ascertained through first-principles calculations. The core–shell assembly, B12@Al12Au60, exhibiting I symmetry, is characterized by the incorporation of an icosahedral B12 motif within the outer shell of the Al12Au60 framework. By thorough analysis encompassing vibrational frequency and molecular dynamics simulations, the structural stability of the core–shell B12@Al12Au60 is investigated. The electronic characteristics are probed through adaptive natural density partitioning analysis, revealing the presence of 66 multi-center two-electron σ bonds distributed across the entirety of the core–shell configuration. Furthermore, scrutiny of distinct dimeric configurations composed of core–shell B12@Al12Au60 underscores their relative autonomy and potential prospects for applications within cluster-assembled materials.
Research on the tension of steel cord conveyor belts based on transverse vibration modelling
Authors: Sun Xiaoxia , Xiao Hui , Meng Wenjun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The accurate non-contact tension measurement of steel cord conveyor belt, an important load bearing medium, is critical for long distance belt conveyors. It is necessary to establish the relationship between the conveyor belt transverse vibration and the tension, in order to analyse the conveyor belt tension changes through indirect measurement of transverse vibration. The paper analyses the existing models of transverse vibration in conveyor belts, and finds that these models can hardly directly and accurately calculate the tension of the conveyor belt. Therefore, modifications are needed. Firstly, the paper establishes a dynamic model of the belt conveyor and conducts simulation analysis using RecurDyn software. This allows the authors to obtain the belt tension and transverse vibration displacement of the conveyor belt. Fast Fourier transform is employed to determine the vibration frequency, which is used to evaluate the vibration characteristics of conveyor belts under different operating conditions. Then, the paper conducts simulation analysis on the frequency and tension of the belt conveyor with different idler spacing, and performs nonlinear least squares calculation in MATLAB software to modify the coefficients of the transverse vibration model. This process involves nonlinear fitting, resulting in an improved transverse vibration model. Finally, the modified transverse vibration model is compared with the original model. The modified transverse vibration model can more accurately calculate the tension of the conveyor belt based on its vibration frequency. The validity of the modified model is verified by different types of conveyor belts.
Exploring the properties of the
VB−
defect in hBN: optical spin polarization, Rabi oscillations, and coherent nuclei modulation
Authors: Murzakhanov Fadis F , Sadovnikova Margarita A , Gracheva Irina N , Mamin Georgy V , Baibekov Eduard I , Mokhov Evgeniy N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Optically active point defects in semiconductors have received great attention in the field of solid-state quantum technologies. Hexagonal boron nitride, with an ultra-wide band gap

E
g

= 6 eV, containing a negatively charged boron vacancy (

V
B
−

) with unique spin, optical, and coherent properties presents a new two-dimensional platform for the implementation of quantum technologies. This work establishes the value of

V
B
−

spin polarization under optical pumping with λ
ext = 532 nm laser using high-frequency (ν
mw = 94 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In optimal conditions polarization was found to be P ≈ 38.4%. Our study reveals that Rabi oscillations induced on polarized spin states persist for up to 30–40 μs, which is nearly two orders of magnitude longer than what was previously reported. Analysis of the coherent electron–nuclear interaction through the observed electron spin echo envelope modulation made it possible to detect signals from remote nitrogen and boron nuclei, and to establish a corresponding quadrupole coupling constant C

q
= 180 kHz related to nuclear quadrupole moment of 14N. These results have fundamental importance for understanding the spin properties of boron vacancy.
High-directivity far-field radiation of quantum dot-based single-photon emitter coupled to polymeric circular waveguide resonant grating
Authors: Ngo Gia Long , Le Xuan Phuc , Pham Quang Truong , Hermier Jean-Pierre , Lai Ngoc Diep 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Solid-state single-photon emitters (SPEs) commonly encounter the limitation of quasi-omnidirectional radiation patterns, which poses challenges in utilizing their emission with conventional optical instruments. In this study, we demonstrate the tailoring of the far-field radiation patterns of SPEs based on colloidal quantum dots (QDs), both theoretically and experimentally, by employing a polymer-based dielectric antenna. We introduce a simple and cost-effective technique, namely low one-photon absorption direct laser writing, to achieve precise coupling of a QD into an all-polymer circular waveguide resonance grating. By optimizing the geometry parameters of the structure using 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations, resonance at the emission wavelength of QDs is achieved in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, resulting in photon streams with remarkably high directivity on both sides of the grating. Theoretical calculations predict beam divergence values below 2°, while experimental measurements using back focal plane imaging yield divergence angles of approximately 8°. Our study contributes to the evaluation of concentric circular grating structures employing low refractive index polymer materials, thereby expanding the possibilities for their application.
Tunable strong magnon-magnon coupling in two-dimensional array of diamond shaped ferromagnetic nanodots
Authors: Majumder Sudip , Choudhury Samiran , Barman Saswati , Otani Yoshichika , Barman Anjan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hybrid magnonics involving coupling between magnons and different quantum particles have been extensively studied during past few years for varied interests including quantum electrodynamics. In such systems, magnons in magnetic materials with high spin density are utilized where the ‘coupling strength’ is collectively enhanced by the square root of the number of spins to overcome the weaker coupling between individual spins and the microwave field. However, achievement of strong magnon-magnon coupling in a confined nanomagnets would be essential for on-chip integration of such hybrid systems. Here, through intensive study of interaction between different magnon modes in a Ni80Fe20 (Py) nanodot array, we demonstrate that the intermodal coupling can approach the strong coupling regime with coupling strength up to 0.82 GHz and cooperativity of 2.51. Micromagnetic Simulations reveal that anticrossing occurs due to change in exchange configuration (symmetry breaking). The coupling strength could be continuously tuned by varying the bias field (H
ext) strength and orientation (ϕ), opening routes for external control over hybrid magnonic systems. These findings could greatly enrich the rapidly evolving field of quantum magnonics.
Volumetric thermo-convective and stratified prandtl fluid magnetized flow over an extended convectively inclined surface with chemically reactive species
Authors: Bilal S , Asadullah  , Pan Kejia , Ramzan Muhammad , Saleel C Ahamed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Substantive applications of stratified flows have been observed in various industrial operating systems. Stratified flows driven by gravity differences possess pervasive significance in the performance of nuclear reactors along with the management of safety problems due to pressurized thermal shock and induced water condensation. In addition, thermos-gravitational stratified regimes also play an exclusive role in multiphase processes in diversified engineering disciplines. Therefore, this artifact investigates the thermal and solutally stratified Prandtl fluid flow over an inclined extendable surface with magnetic field aspects. Convective boundary constraints are prescribed at the surface of the sheet and chemical reaction of first-order is also accounted. Firstly, problem formulation is conceded in the form of PDEs which are later transformed into ODEs by employing a similar set of variables. Then these ODEs are solved by employing the shooting method in collaboration with the Runge–Kutta scheme. A comparison of results in a restrictive sense with outcomes attained from an analytical approach to analyze the robustness and accuracy of currently employed schemes is also executed. The results expressing the behavior of the involved parameters on flow distributions are revealed in graphical and tabular formats. It is revealed that the heat and mass flux coefficients increase by up to 41% and 22%, respectively, in the presence of stratification in comparison to the situation when it is absent. The velocity of the fluid is accelerated by uplifting the angle of inclination and buoyancy ratio parameters. By increasing the magnitude of the model flow parameters, the fluid velocity increased. The Prandtl number tends to reduce the temperature and elevate the heat-flux coefficient. The velocity distribution showed a positive trend with the change in the angle of inclination.
Numerical study of a new time-fractional Mpox model using Caputo fractional derivatives
Authors: Venkatesh A , Manivel M , Baranidharan B , Shyamsunder  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study examines the new time-fractional model for Mpox, utilizing Caputo fractional derivatives, specifically focusing on pregnant individuals. The fractional variational iteration method (FVIM) is used to compute a numerical solution for this model. The results of the convergence investigation indicate that the solution obtained exhibits positivity and possesses a well-defined limit. The study yielded significant insights into the intricate dynamics of Mpox viral transmission in pregnant women, affirming the dependability and strength of the Caputo fractional variational approach in forecasting the progression of the illness. The novelty lies in demonstrating how fractional derivatives can capture memory effects in the spread of disease; it provides a more enhanced understanding of the dynamics. Moreover, the suggested model incorporates the notion of optimal control inside different mathematical systems, such as the Fornberg-Whitham equation and the Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation. The convergence of the model described in this study offers empirical support that validates the dependability and suitability of the proposed methodology.
Thermal and power performance optimization of cost-effective solar cells using eco-friendly perovskite materials
Authors: Chaudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Verma Sudhanshu , Chauhan R K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel solar cell is proposed that utilizes a Sn-based perovskite (CH3NH3SnI3) absorber layer and a graphene oxide (GO) hole transport layer. The proposed device demonstrates exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE), fill factor (FF), temperature stability, and environmental sustainability, all while maintaining low cost. Through simulations and analysis using 1D SCAPS, it is shown that the proposed perovskite solar cell (PSC) achieves a PCE of 22.24% and an FF of 83% at 45 °C, with a quantum efficiency exceeding 85% in the visible spectrum. Furthermore, the proposed PSC maintains its performance at high temperatures ranging from 85 °C to 95 °C, in the wake of incorporation of GO and mesoporous carbon. The optimized value of the proposed PSC is then simulated with the inclusion of the microstructural properties in COMSOL Multiphysics and 20.92% PCE is observed. By avoiding toxic Pb-based materials and incorporating Sn-based materials as well as low-cost and scalable elements such as ZnO, GO, and mesoporous carbon, the proposed device minimizes its environmental impact and processing cost. Overall, this proposed PSC shows great promise as a viable option for large-scale solar energy applications.
Propagation of electromagnetic pulses with nonzero area in dissipative media
Authors: Bogatskaya A V , Volkova E A , Popov A M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The propagation of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses with a nonzero electric area in dielectric and conducting media is studied in the frame of a unidirectional propagation model. General solutions for the electric pulse area are obtained for different types of media with a linear response to the external field. It is shown that the evolution of the electric area of the pulse is dramatically different for conducting and non-conducting media. In the case of dielectrics, where the current induced by an external field arises from the polarization of bound electrons, the electric pulse area is an invariant of pulse propagation in spite of the dissipation process. For media with free charge carriers (plasma or semiconductors), the electric pulse area decreases with time due to Joule heating of the media by the static component of the field.
‘Bingo’—a large language model- and graph neural network-based workflow for the prediction of essential genes from protein data
Authors: Ma Jiani , Song Jiangning , Young Neil D , Chang Bill C H , Korhonen Pasi K , Campos Tulio L , Liu Hui , Gasser Robin B 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe identification and characterization of essential genes are central to our understanding of the core biological functions in eukaryotic organisms, and has important implications for the treatment of diseases caused by, for example, cancers and pathogens. Given the major constraints in testing the functions of genes of many organisms in the laboratory, due to the absence of in vitro cultures and/or gene perturbation assays for most metazoan species, there has been a need to develop in silico tools for the accurate prediction or inference of essential genes to underpin systems biological investigations. Major advances in machine learning approaches provide unprecedented opportunities to overcome these limitations and accelerate the discovery of essential genes on a genome-wide scale. Here, we developed and evaluated a large language model- and graph neural network (LLM–GNN)-based approach, called ‘Bingo’, to predict essential protein-coding genes in the metazoan model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster as well as in Mus musculus and Homo sapiens (a HepG2 cell line) by integrating LLM and GNNs with adversarial training. Bingo predicts essential genes under two ‘zero-shot’ scenarios with transfer learning, showing promise to compensate for a lack of high-quality genomic and proteomic data for non-model organisms. In addition, the attention mechanisms and GNNExplainer were employed to manifest the functional sites and structural domain with most contribution to essentiality. In conclusion, Bingo provides the prospect of being able to accurately infer the essential genes of little- or under-studied organisms of interest, and provides a biological explanation for gene essentiality.
Interest Rate Pass-Through in Euro Area Mortgage Markets: The Long Shadow of the Great Financial Crisis
Authors: Egan Paul , McQuinn Kieran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The tightening of monetary policy in response to the recently observed surge in inflation has focussed attention on the potential impact of changes in policy rates on European mortgage holders. Central to this question is the pass-through of policy rates to the mortgage rate charged in residential markets across the Euro Area as housing costs have contributed significantly to recent inflationary pressures. In particular, how much and how quickly does the change in the Euro Area policy rate pass-through to the mortgage rate in a particular member country’s market? The effectiveness of the monetary policy transmission mechanism has been impaired in a number of ways by the continuing effects of the great financial crisis (GFC). In this article, we seek to examine the manner in which the pass-through relationship between Euro Area policy rates and representative mortgage market rates has been impacted by financial sector considerations such as the degree of concentration in the sector, banks’ holdings of impaired loans, and the overall level of financial stress in the economy. Overall, our empirical findings indicate the level of financial stress experienced during the GFC has had a major impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission in the Euro area. This article suggests that the GFC still has implications for the efficacy of current monetary policy in the Euro Area through several different but related channels. (JEL codes: E52, F45, and G21)
Inhibition of a novel Dickkopf-1-LDL receptor–related proteins 5 and 6 axis prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice
Authors: Ma En , Wo Da , Chen Jinxiao , Yan Hongwei , Zhou Xiaohui , He Jia , Wu Celiang , Wang Qing , Zuo Changjing , Li Xiao , Li Li , Meng Qingshu , Zheng Liang , Peng Luying , Chen Lidian , Peng Jun , Ren Dan-ni , Zhu Weidong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Anti-hypertensive agents are one of the most frequently used drugs worldwide. However, no blood pressure–lowering strategy is superior to placebo with respect to survival in diabetic hypertensive patients. Previous findings show that Wnt co-receptors LDL receptor–related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) can directly bind to several G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). Because angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is the most important GPCR in regulating hypertension, this study examines the possible mechanistic association between LRP5/6 and their binding protein Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and activation of the AT1R and further hypothesizes that the LRP5/6-GPCR interaction may affect hypertension and potentiate cardiac impairment in the setting of diabetes.

Methods
The roles of serum DKK1 and DKK1-LRP5/6 signalling in diabetic injuries were investigated in human and diabetic mice.

Results
Blood pressure up-regulation positively correlated with serum DKK1 elevations in humans. Notably, LRP5/6 physically and functionally interacted with AT1R. The loss of membrane LRP5/6 caused by injection of a recombinant DKK1 protein or conditional LRP5/6 deletions resulted in AT1R activation and hypertension, as well as β-arrestin1 activation and cardiac impairment, possibly because of multiple GPCR alterations. Importantly, unlike commonly used anti-hypertensive agents, administration of the anti-DKK1 neutralizing antibody effectively prevented diabetic cardiac impairment in mice.

Conclusions
These findings establish a novel DKK1-LRP5/6-GPCR pathway in inducing diabetic injuries and may resolve the long-standing conundrum as to why elevated blood DKK1 has deleterious effects. Thus, monitoring and therapeutic elimination of blood DKK1 may be a promising strategy to attenuate diabetic injuries.