bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective chart review of metabolic screening of patients receiving clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications
Authors: Sanjeevi Sujatha , Zubir Muadz Mohd , Bennett Rose , Cevikel Piril , Nor Natasya , Cocoman Angela 
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims Individuals treated with antipsychotic medications are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome, negatively impacting the quality of life among patients with severe mental illness. The aim of this study was to examine metabolic screening data and determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among those who were prescribed clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Methods This retrospective chart review looked at 307 patient records who were prescribed clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics as part of a service improvement initiative. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 60.2% and 49.5% for those on clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics respectively, with no significant difference between groups (χ2 (1, n=198)=2.295, P=0.130). Screening rates were significantly higher for patients receiving clozapine (42.5–96.2%) vs those receiving long-acting injectable antipsychotics (20.5–55.7%). There were significant differences between screening rates and clinical sites; the clozapine clinic had the highest completed screening rate (90.7%). Conclusions Screening of metabolic syndrome is insufficient among patients prescribed long-acting injectable compared to clozapine despite similarly high prevalence. Having a robust screening practice promotes early intervention to prevent metabolic syndrome, reduces the risk of developing comorbid health conditions and premature death, and improves the physical health of patients treated with antipsychotic medications. This study also recommends that service development efforts should target these screening deficiencies to improve the quality of life of patients with severe mental illness.
Use of cognitive aids in paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Chung SunHee , Walker-Stevenson Grace , Eriksson Carl , Hansen Matt , Meckler Garth D , Guise Jeanne-Marie 
Published: February 2024

Background: Paediatric cardiac arrest resuscitation is a high-stakes, rare event that can cause high stress levels in emergency medical services (EMS) practitioners. The demands of this work could raise cognitive load on practitioners, which may contribute to adverse safety events. Methods: An EMS agency survey was developed as part of a larger study into organisation-level factors that affect paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care. Questions focused on the types and numbers of cognitive aids, and whether a paediatric emergency care coordinator (PECC) was present. The number and frequency of these aids were analysed, and statistical significance assessed. The number and type of aids were stratified according to the presence of a PECC and paediatric call volumes. Results: The number of available resources ranged from 0 to 4, with a mean of 2.6 and a median of 3; the average number used was 2.0. These figures are higher than for adults. The most commonly available resources were local protocols, followed by local medication/equipment guides and Broselow tape. The least commonly available were paediatric advanced life support cards. No significant differences were found between the number of resources and the presence of a PECC or call volume. Conclusion: There is wide variability of resources to support EMS providers in the resuscitation of infants and children in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Biological parameters and spawning potential ratio of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in Kranji fishing port, Lamongan District, Indonesia
Authors: HARLYAN LEDHYANE IKA , RAHMAN MUHAMMAD ARIF , RIHMI MIHROBI KHALWATU , ABDILLAH SYA’DIYA FAHMA ARMI 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Harlyan LI, Rahman MA, Rihmi MK, Abdillah SFA. 2023. Biological parameters and spawning potential ratio of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in Kranji fishing port, Lamongan District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6527-6535. Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol), one of the small-pelagic tropical fisheries in the Fisheries Management Area (FMA-712), is important in supporting global food security. Therefore, to ensure its sustainability, this fishery is applying for fishery certification to be an ecolabel fishery by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). However, limited information about Longtail Tuna's biological parameters and stock status in this management area will lead to failure in certification completion. This study aims to provide biological parameters and stock status of Longtail Tuna landed in the Kranji fishing port, Lamongan, Indonesia. Length, weight, and gonad weight of female Longtail Tuna individuals which landed in the Kranji fishing port were conducted from January to April 2023. Several analyses were carried out to figure out the biological parameters of Longtail Tuna, such as length-weight relationship, length at first maturity ( ) and length at first capture ( ) estimation. Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) analysis was conducted to estimate fish exploitation. Results showed that the Longtail Tuna landing in the Kranji fishing port exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern with the length-weight relationship model W = 0.0433 FL2.7608. A comparison between (43.9+0.11cm) and (43.6+0.04cm) indicated that most female Longtail Tuna landed in the Kranji fishing port are mature (60% of the total samples). The LB-SPR analysis showed moderate exploitation status (SPR = 34%). Fishing activities are still manageable in this situation by focusing on stock sustainability. An overlapping fishing ground occurs in the Kranji water, showing the domination of two species landed in the Kranji fishing port, Longtail Tuna and Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis). Therefore, Longtail Tuna fishery management might also consider fishery management of Eastern Little Tuna or other species with overlapped habitats.
Wood decomposers on six community timber species in two different locations
Authors: NURHADI MARLINA WIDYA , ARINANA ARINANA , RAHMAWATI ANINDYA INTAN , HERLIYANA ELIS NINA , ANDIKA RIKI , HIMMI SETIAWAN KHOIRUL 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Nurhadi MW, Arinana A, Rahmawati AI, Herliyana EN, Andika R, Himmi SK. 2023. Wood decomposers on six community timber species in two different locations. Biodiversitas 24: 6629-6640. Wood has a close relationship with termites and fungi as decomposers. Decomposers are important as dead organic matter is broken down into elements and returned to the soil. This study aims to analyze the amount of wood attacked by termites and fungi on six types of community timber during six months of testing at two different locations, analyze the degree of damage, and identify the species of termites and fungi that attack them. The research was conducted in two locations: the Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry and Environment of IPB and a residential area in Bogor Asri, Cibinong Sub-district, Bogor District. The wood tested were Acacia mangium, Falcataria moluccana, Anthocephalus cadamba, Maesopsis eminii, Pinus merkusii, and Hevea brasiliensis. Tests were conducted based on ASTM D 1758-06. Infested wood increased with the time tested, and infestation was higher in the arboretum (75%) than in the residential area (39.4%). The highest level of wood damage in the arboretum was Hevea brasiliensis (35.4 g); in residential, it was Pinus merkusii (18.9 g). The subterranean termite types found during the six months of testing are Macrotermes sp., Microtermes sp., Schedorhinotermes sp., and Odontotermes sp. The weathering fungi types found during the six months of testing were Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Trichoderma sp., Gliocladium sp., Mycelia sterilia, and red fungus. Soil type, moisture, and ambient temperature also strongly favored the development of decomposer life found in the two research sites.
Effect of a high-calorie diet on pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio through fat accumulation in rat lung tissue
Authors: Lestari Indah Puji , Chozin Iin Noor , Sartono Teguh Rahayu , Sasiarini Laksmi , Yudhanto Hendy Setyo 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND A high-calorie diet increases the risk of obesity. Accumulation of fat causes inflammation, as seen by the increased ratio of pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophages in a high-calorie diet. The pro-inflammatory shift in macrophage polarization may result in hypoxia, fibrosis, emphysema, and asthma. This study aimed to determine the effect of a high-calorie diet on pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio through fat accumulation.
METHODS This experimental study used in vivo test in 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10–12 weeks. The rats were divided into high-calorie and normal diet groups for 16 weeks. Obesity in rats was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of >0.68 g/cm2. Examination of lung fat accumulation was done through oil red O staining, while pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio was tested through CD11c and CD206 expressions by immunohistochemical method.
RESULTS The high-calorie diet group had higher BMI (0.72 [0.02] versus 0.62 [0.03]; p<0.001), lung fat accumulation (32.73 [10.55] versus 0.37 [0.38]; p<0.001), and pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio (0.83 [0.02] versus 0.24 [0.006]; p<0.001). The higher the fat accumulation, the higher the pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio (r = 0.933; p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS The ratio of pro- to anti-inflammatory was higher in the high-calorie diet group, indicating polarization of macrophages toward pro-inflammatory macrophages.
Investigation of graphene-supported submillimeter adjustable metamaterial absorbers
Authors: Jiang Shizeng , Cao Duo , Liu Shilin , Cheng Yan , Li Jiaxin , Lianhao He , Lin Fantting , Liu Feng , He Xiaoyong 
Published: February 2024

Based on a graphene ribbon resonator, the tunable resonant properties of metamaterials (MMs) have been symmetrically investigated in the submillimeter region, including the effect of the graphene Fermi levels, rotation angles, incident angles, and polarization angles. The results manifest that the proposed graphene ribbon MMs indicate a high Q-factor of more than 20. The Fermi level significantly affects the resonant curves; obvious resonant peaks can be observed if the Fermi level is larger than 0.20 eV, and the resonant strength increases with the Fermi level. For instance, for single graphene ribbons, the absorption modulation depth (MD) is about 22.60% on the condition that the Fermi level changes in the range of 0.1–1.0 eV, and the absorption amplitude MD reaches about 93.85% if the rotation angles of the graphene ribbon degree change in the range of 0–90 deg. Additionally, by using triple graphene ribbons with different lengths, multiple resonant peaks (0.22 THz, 0.345 THz, and 0.46 THz) can be achieved simultaneously. Apart from the good tunable properties, the amplitude MD is about 76.6% (82.18%) if the incident (polarization) angle of the THz wave changes in the range of 0–90 deg. These results can help us better understand the tunable mechanisms of graphene metamaterials and design high performances devices such as light absorbers, detectors, and sensors.
Noncritical birefringence phase-matched second harmonic generation in a lithium-niobate-on-insulator micro-waveguide for green light emission
Authors: Ding Tingting , Tang Yongzhi , Li Hao , Liu Shijie , Zhang Jing , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: February 2024

Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) holds great potential for frequency conversion, where a variety of high-performance nonlinear devices based on different structures has been demonstrated. Here, we report on second harmonic generation (SHG) in MgO-doped LNOI ridge micro-waveguides for efficient green light emission, via an exact type-I noncritical birefringence phase matching (BPM). The LNOI micro-waveguide has a cross section of ∼3×4 μm2, featuring low coupling loss with lens fiber. The normalized conversion efficiency from a continuous-wave (cw) pump to its second harmonic is measured to be 37%/Wcm2 in a single-pass configuration. The device shows both relatively high efficiency and a void of periodic poling, offering a potential solution for efficient and scalable green light sources and frequency converters.
Trained recurrent neural networks develop phase-locked limit cycles in a working memory task
Authors: Pals Matthijs , Macke Jakob H. , Barak Omri 
Published: February 2024

Neural oscillations are ubiquitously observed in many brain areas. One proposed functional role of these oscillations is that they serve as an internal clock, or ‘frame of reference’. Information can be encoded by the timing of neural activity relative to the phase of such oscillations. In line with this hypothesis, there have been multiple empirical observations of such phase codes in the brain. Here we ask: What kind of neural dynamics support phase coding of information with neural oscillations? We tackled this question by analyzing recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that were trained on a working memory task. The networks were given access to an external reference oscillation and tasked to produce an oscillation, such that the phase difference between the reference and output oscillation maintains the identity of transient stimuli. We found that networks converged to stable oscillatory dynamics. Reverse engineering these networks revealed that each phase-coded memory corresponds to a separate limit cycle attractor. We characterized how the stability of the attractor dynamics depends on both reference oscillation amplitude and frequency, properties that can be experimentally observed. To understand the connectivity structures that underlie these dynamics, we showed that trained networks can be described as two phase-coupled oscillators. Using this insight, we condensed our trained networks to a reduced model consisting of two functional modules: One that generates an oscillation and one that implements a coupling function between the internal oscillation and external reference.
In summary, by reverse engineering the dynamics and connectivity of trained RNNs, we propose a mechanism by which neural networks can harness reference oscillations for working memory. Specifically, we propose that a phase-coding network generates autonomous oscillations which it couples to an external reference oscillation in a multi-stable fashion.
Clinical value of the fibrosis-4 index in predicting mortality in patients with right ventricular pacing
Authors: Inoue Naoya , Morikawa Shuji , Ogane Takashi , Hiramatsu Takehiro , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: February 2024

Background
The fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index has attracted attention as a predictive factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with heart disease. However, its clinical value in patients with implanted pacemakers remains unclear.

Methods
This study included patients who underwent pacemaker implantation. The FIB-4 index was calculated based on blood tests performed during the procedure. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included cardiovascular death, non-cardiovascular death, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke). The FIB-4 index was stratified into tertiles. Between-group comparisons were performed using log-rank tests and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards. The predictive accuracy and cut-off value of the FIB-4 index were calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve for all-cause mortality. Finally, based on the calculated cut-off values, the patients were divided into two groups for outcome validation and subgroup analysis.

Results
This study included 201 participants, of whom 38 experienced death during the observation period (median: 1097 days). All-cause mortality, non-cardiovascular death, and MACE differed significantly between groups stratified by the FIB-4 index tertiles (log-rank test: P<0.001, P<0.001, and P = 0.045, respectively). Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, the unadjusted hazard ratio was 4.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05–11.0, P<0.001) for Tertile 3 compared to Tertile 1. After adjustment for confounding factors, including sex, the presence or absence of left bundle branch block at baseline, QRS duration during pacing, and pacing rate at the last check, the hazard ratio was 4.79 (95% CI: 2.04–11.2, P<0.001). The cut-off value of the FIB-4 index was 3.75 (area under the curve: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.62–0.82).

Conclusions
In patients with pacemakers, the FIB-4 index may be a predictor of early all-cause mortality, with a cut-off value of 3.75.
Obstetric fistula repair failure and its associated factors among women who underwent repair in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hareru Habtamu Endashaw , Ashuro Zemachu , Debela Berhanu Gidisa , Abebe Mesfin 
Published: February 2024

Background
Obstetric fistula repair failure can result in increased depression, social isolation, financial burden for the woman, and fistula care programs. However, there is limited, comprehensive evidence on obstetric fistula repair failure in Sub-Saharan African countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of obstetric fistula repair failure and associated factors among women who underwent surgical repair in Sub-Saharan African countries.

Methods
To identify potential articles, a systematic search was done utilizing online databases (PubMed, Hinari, and Google Scholar). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA) guideline was used to report the review’s findings. I2 test statistics were employed to examine study heterogeneity. A random-effects model was used to assess the pooled prevalence of obstetric fistula repair failure, and the association was determined using the log odds ratio. Publication bias was investigated using the funnel plot and Egger’s statistical test at the 5% level of significance. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were done to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. The data were analyzed using STATA version 17 statistical software.

Results
A total of 24 articles with 9866 study participants from 13 Sub-Saharan African countries were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of obstetric fistula repair failure in sub-Saharan Africa was 24.92% [95% CI: 20.34–29.50%]. The sub-group analysis by country revealed that the highest prevalence was in Angola (58%, 95% CI: 53.20–62.80%) and the lowest in Rwanda (13.9, 95% CI: 9.79–18.01%). Total urethral damage [OR  =  3.50, 95% CI: 2.09, 4.91], large fistula [OR = 3.09, 95% CI: (2.00, 4.10)], duration of labor [OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.76], and previous fistula repair [OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.94, 3.45] were factors associated with obstetric fistula repair failure.

Conclusion
Women who received surgical treatment for obstetric fistulas in Sub-Saharan African countries experienced more repair failures than the WHO standards. Obstetric fistula repair failure was affected by urethral damage, fistula size, duration of labor, types of fistula, and history of previous repairs. Therefore, we suggest policy measures specific to each country to provide special attention to the prevention of all risk factors, including poor nutrition, multiparty, obstructed labor, and maternal age, which can result in conditions like large fistulas, urethral damage, and repeat repair, in order to reduce obstetric fistula repair failure.
Social care planning and provision for people with young onset dementia and their families: Protocol for the DYNAMIC study
Authors: Quinn Catherine , Young Helen , Gridley Kate , Stamou Vasileios , Mason Clare , Oyebode Jan 
Published: February 2024

Background
Social care is vital to quality of life for people with young onset dementia and their families. Yet care is hugely variable, frequently lacking and poorly coordinated. We aim to establish current practice in English social care for people with young onset dementia and co-produce evidence-based recommendations and resources for improvement.

Methods and analysis
In Work-Package 1, we will gather qualitative data from 25 people with young onset dementia and/or main supporters residing in England. We will ask them about their experiences of social care (broadly defined, including independent and voluntary sector provision) and suggestions for improvement. In Work-Package 2, we will conduct a short on-line survey with a wide range of staff with a role in adult social care in England. We will find out about current awareness, knowledge and practice and suggestions for improvements. Quantitative and qualitative analysis will provide a picture of current practice. In Work-Package 3, we will use convergence analysis to synthesise the findings from Work-Packages 1 and 2 and present the findings to a stakeholder workshop, to identify feasible priorities for improvement. We will establish what is already known about good practice relating to these key priorities using a scoping review and interviews with professionals. This knowledge will then feed into the co-production of resources and recommendations with key stakeholders to improve social care for people with young onset dementia and their families.

Discussion
This study seeks to address a gap in our understanding of social care provision for people with young onset dementia and develop recommendations and practical resources for improvements. The findings will help people with young onset dementia and supporters to receive higher quality social care.

Trial registration
Study registration number: ISRCTN10653250.
An examination of the association between infant non-nutritive suck and developmental outcomes at 12 months
Authors: Martens Alaina , Phillips Hannah , Hines Morgan , Zimmerman Emily 
Published: February 2024

Objective
To determine the association between infant non-nutritive suck (NNS) dynamics at 3 months and developmental outcomes at 12 months of age in full-term infants. We hypothesized that infants with more mature NNS at 3 months, as evidence by shorter burst duration, fewer cycles per burst, cycles per minute, higher amplitude, and more bursts, would have higher (better) scores on the developmental outcomes at 12 months.

Methods
This was a prospective study that utilized objective and self-report measures. A five-minute NNS sample was collected from 67 infants (54% male) at 3 months of age (average age 2.99 (0.27) months). At 12 months (average age 11.91 (0.26) months), the Development Profile-3 was administered through caregiver interview.

Results
Infant NNS burst duration, cycles per burst, and cycles per minute were significantly negatively associated with the Development Profile-3 cognitive domain and general scores at 12 months. This is consistent with our hypothesis that infants who have more efficient NNS (fewer bursts and cycles) at 3 months would have higher (better) scores on the Development Profile-3 at 12 months.

Conclusions
Findings from this work complement emerging research linking infant NNS with subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes. This is the first time that these associations have been examined using a quantitative and physiologic-based measure of NNS. These results seem to indicate that specific NNS metrics, which demonstrate maturation of this complex skill, may be useful predictors of neurodevelopment later in life.