bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a two pile frame for a horizontal force
Authors: Markov Iliyan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The article analyzes a pile frame composed of two bored piles with a diameter of 40 cm. The frame is subjected to a horizontal force. Calculations in three different method are conducted – subgrade reaction approach, 2D plaxis and 3D plaxis, after which a comparison was made between the results of the individual methods. The aim is to see under what conditions a subgrade reaction method is suitable for use without moving away from sure side. Results were also obtained for the distribution of the value of the spring constant by depth, as well as values for the ratio between the resistance of the second and first pile. A proposal has been made for obtaining a p-curve that can be applied to any of the linear approximation methods.
Application of artificial intelligence in road network inventory and network-wide road safety assessment
Authors: Katsarov I , Penkov S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research paper examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in road network inventory and network-wide road safety assessment. An overview of current research related to this field is presented and various aspects of the use of AI in road infrastructure and safety assessment are analysed. In today’s world, where the road network continues to develop and grow, the use of AI can offer significant advantages in the inventory and assessment of road infrastructure and safety. AI can be used to process large volumes of data collected from various sources such as geographic data, photos, documentation and more. One of the main aspects that the article looks at is the use of AI to automatically process data and create a digital inventory of the road network. AI systems can analyse geographic data and photos to identify and classify roads, road signs, markings, and other elements of road infrastructure. This can facilitate engineers and competent authorities in the process of road inventory and maintenance. Another important aspect discussed in the paper is the use of AI for the general assessment of road safety. AI models can analyse road infrastructure inventory data, as well as traffic data, crashes, and other factors, to provide a comprehensive assessment of road network safety. This allows the competent authorities to identify vulnerable places, carry out preventive measures and plan appropriate interventions aimed at improving road safety. In conclusion, the paper highlights the possibilities and advantages of using artificial intelligence in road network inventory and network-wide road safety assessment. Such an approach can contribute to more efficient management of road infrastructure and improvement of road safety.
3D Printed customized diabetic foot insoles with architecture designed lattice structures – a case study
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Sarangi Saroj Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study proposes a 3D printed, custom insole using an architectural lattice structure infill targeting diabetic patients at risk of foot ulcers. An analysis of five lattice configurations: Fluorite, Kelvin, Octet, Isotruss unit cells, and Truncated Octahedron was conducted to identify the most effective insole infill for plantar pressure and weight redistribution. The Kelvin lattice demonstrated minimal stiffness, suggesting its superiority in balancing plantar pressure and weight. Such lattice-structured insoles offer enhanced foot support and cushioning, crucial for ulcer-prone individuals. This research innovatively employs architectural lattice structures in designing insoles for diabetic patients, offering an insightful comparison of lattice designs for optimized foot care.
Modeling organic negative-transconductance transistors for circuit simulation
Authors: Joshi Saurabh Suredra , Yoo Hocheon , Kim Chang-Hyun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Organic negative-transconductance (NTC) transistors are emerging as a new versatile element of flexible and printed electronics. However, there is no standard model of these transistors available in circuit simulators. This paper introduces the first current–voltage model for organic NTC transistors. The model reflects unique structural features of a state-of-the-art NTC transistor platform, incorporating a p-type, an n-type, and a back-conduction channel into a single heterojunction architecture. The details of modeling approach and development are systematically illustrated. Then, the model is firmly validated by experimental data from a high-performance device. Finally, controllability over the abruptness of inter-regime transitions is emphasized as a key advantage of the model for the accuracy of fitting results. This compact, closed-form, and analytical model covering all regimes of operation bridges the gap between device- and circuit-level perspective of organic NTC transistors, promoting their integration into practical electronics technologies.
Comment on ‘From counterportation to local wormholes’
Authors: Dressel Justin , Reznik Gregory , Vaidman Lev 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hatim Salih discovered a method for transferring a quantum state with no particles present in the transmission channel, which he named counterportation. Recently (Salih 2023 Quantum Sci. Technol.
8 025016), he presented a feasible procedure for its implementation. The modification of the protocol by Aharonov and Vaidman, adopted by Salih, justifies the claim that no photons were present in the transmission channel during counterportation. We argue, however, that there is an error in this paper. The analysis of a simplified protocol, which questions the validity of the two-state vector formalism description of the photon presence in the communication channel, is incorrect.
Nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining of difficult-to-cut materials and components in aerospace community: a comparative analysis
Authors: Zhao Guolong , Zhao Biao , Ding Wenfeng , Xin Lianjia , Nian Zhiwen , Peng Jianhao , He Ning , Xu Jiuhua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aerospace community widely uses difficult-to-cut materials, such as titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, metal/ceramic/polymer matrix composites, hard and brittle materials, and geometrically complex components, such as thin-walled structures, microchannels, and complex surfaces. Mechanical machining is the main material removal process for the vast majority of aerospace components. However, many problems exist, including severe and rapid tool wear, low machining efficiency, and poor surface integrity. Nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining is a hybrid process that uses nontraditional energies (vibration, laser, electricity, etc) to improve the machinability of local materials and decrease the burden of mechanical machining. This provides a feasible and promising method to improve the material removal rate and surface quality, reduce process forces, and prolong tool life. However, systematic reviews of this technology are lacking with respect to the current research status and development direction. This paper reviews the recent progress in the nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining of difficult-to-cut materials and components in the aerospace community. In addition, this paper focuses on the processing principles, material responses under nontraditional energy, resultant forces and temperatures, material removal mechanisms, and applications of these processes, including vibration-, laser-, electric-, magnetic-, chemical-, advanced coolant-, and hybrid nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining. Finally, a comprehensive summary of the principles, advantages, and limitations of each hybrid process is provided, and future perspectives on forward design, device development, and sustainability of nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining processes are discussed.
The Abolition of the Right to Trial by Jury in Civil Cases in England
Authors: Bullock Charles S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Prior to 1854, jury trial was the exclusive mode of resolving cases involving disputed facts at common law. By 1935, the civil jury trial had been virtually eliminated in all but a few obscure types of tort action. This article consists of a detailed examination, based primarily on legislative sources and contemporary legal periodicals, of how the right to trial by jury in civil cases was abolished. The first concrete step towards jury abolition occurred in 1854, when litigants in high court cases were empowered to waive their right to jury trial in favour of trial by judge alone. Thereafter, a series of legislative acts and judicial rules incrementally transferred the power to choose the mode of trial in particular types of cases from litigants to trial judges, who routinely chose trial by judge alone.
Model-based evaluation of spatiotemporal data reduction methods with unknown ground truth through optimal visualization and interpretability metrics
Authors: Atitey Komlan , Motsinger-Reif Alison A , Anchang Benedict 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Optimizing and benchmarking data reduction methods for dynamic or spatial visualization and interpretation (DSVI) face challenges due to many factors, including data complexity, lack of ground truth, time-dependent metrics, dimensionality bias and different visual mappings of the same data. Current studies often focus on independent static visualization or interpretability metrics that require ground truth. To overcome this limitation, we propose the MIBCOVIS framework, a comprehensive and interpretable benchmarking and computational approach. MIBCOVIS enhances the visualization and interpretability of high-dimensional data without relying on ground truth by integrating five robust metrics, including a novel time-ordered Markov-based structural metric, into a semi-supervised hierarchical Bayesian model. The framework assesses method accuracy and considers interaction effects among metric features. We apply MIBCOVIS using linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods to evaluate optimal DSVI for four distinct dynamic and spatial biological processes captured by three single-cell data modalities: CyTOF, scRNA-seq and CODEX. These data vary in complexity based on feature dimensionality, unknown cell types and dynamic or spatial differences. Unlike traditional single-summary score approaches, MIBCOVIS compares accuracy distributions across methods. Our findings underscore the joint evaluation of visualization and interpretability, rather than relying on separate metrics. We reveal that prioritizing average performance can obscure method feature performance. Additionally, we explore the impact of data complexity on visualization and interpretability. Specifically, we provide optimal parameters and features and recommend methods, like the optimized variational contractive autoencoder, for targeted DSVI for various data complexities. MIBCOVIS shows promise for evaluating dynamic single-cell atlases and spatiotemporal data reduction models.
Cofea: correlation-based feature selection for single-cell chromatin accessibility data
Authors: Li Keyi , Chen Xiaoyang , Song Shuang , Hou Lin , Chen Shengquan , Jiang Rui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scCAS) technologies have enabled characterizing the epigenomic heterogeneity of individual cells. However, the identification of features of scCAS data that are relevant to underlying biological processes remains a significant gap. Here, we introduce a novel method Cofea, to fill this gap. Through comprehensive experiments on 5 simulated and 54 real datasets, Cofea demonstrates its superiority in capturing cellular heterogeneity and facilitating downstream analysis. Applying this method to identification of cell type-specific peaks and candidate enhancers, as well as pathway enrichment analysis and partitioned heritability analysis, we illustrate the potential of Cofea to uncover functional biological process.
The panzootic potential of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mabry Makenzie E , Fanelli Angela , Mavian Carla , Lorusso Alessio , Manes Costanza , Soltis Pamela S , Capua Ilaria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Each year, SARS-CoV-2 is infecting an increasingly unprecedented number of species. In the present article, we combine mammalian phylogeny with the genetic characteristics of isolates found in mammals to elaborate on the host-range potential of SARS-CoV-2. Infections in nonhuman mammals mirror those of contemporary viral strains circulating in humans, although, in certain species, extensive viral circulation has led to unique genetic signatures. As in other recent studies, we found that the conservation of the ACE2 receptor cannot be considered the sole major determinant of susceptibility. However, we are able to identify major clades and families as candidates for increased surveillance. On the basis of our findings, we argue that the use of the term panzootic could be a more appropriate term than pandemic to describe the ongoing scenario. This term better captures the magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 host range and would hopefully inspire inclusive policy actions, including systematic screenings, that could better support the management of this worldwide event.
The clinical differentiation of blood culture-positive and -negative sepsis in burn patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoon Jaechul , Kym Dohern , Hur Jun , Park Jongsoo , Kim Myongjin , Cho Yong Suk , Chun Wook , Yoon Dogeon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s response to infection leads to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. Negative cultures can make it difficult for clinicians to make a diagnosis and may raise questions about the validity of the definition of sepsis. In addition, the clinical distinctions between burn patients with blood culture-positive and -negative sepsis are also poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the clinical differences between blood culture-positive and -negative sepsis in burn patients in order to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology and epidemiology of sepsis in this population.

Methods
This study had a retrospective design, and the participants were adults aged ≥18 years. Patients diagnosed with sepsis were divided into two groups based on their blood culture results within 1 week of sepsis diagnosis.

Results
We enrolled 1643 patients admitted to our institution’s burn intensive care unit between January 2010 and December 2021. pH, platelet count, bicarbonate and haematocrit were significant in both the positive and negative groups. However, lymphocyte, red cell distribution width and blood urea nitrogen were significant only in the positive group, whereas lactate dehydrogenase was significant only in the negative group. Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia are common gram-negative bacterial species, and Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are common gram-positive bacterial species seen in burn patients with positive blood cultures. Carbapenem resistance was found to be associated with an unfavourable prognosis in gram-negative bacteria, with the exception of P. aeruginosa.

Conclusions
pH, platelet count, bicarbonate and haematocrit were routine biomarkers that demonstrated statistical significance in both groups. Lactate dehydrogenase was significant in the blood-negative group, while red cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen and lymphocyte count were significant in the positive group. Furthermore, the most common causes of sepsis are gram-negative bacteria, including A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Additionally, resistance to carbapenems is associated with unfavourable outcomes.
Clinical Trial Design in Ulcerative Colitis: Interpreting Evolving Endpoints Based on Post Hoc Analyses of the Vedolizumab Phase 3 Trials GEMINI 1 and VISIBLE 1
Authors: Sandborn William J , Sands Bruce E , Uddin Sharif , Qasim Khan Rana M , Sagar Mukherjee Richa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The 12-point total Mayo score including a Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) of disease activity has been used to assess outcomes in clinical trials for ulcerative colitis (UC). In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued guidance advising the removal of the PGA in future trials. We examined how endpoints in UC trials have evolved and conducted a post hoc analysis of the GEMINI 1 and VISIBLE 1 trials to understand how the use of a 9-point modified Mayo score, excluding PGA, compares with the total Mayo score.

Methods
Endpoint definitions of clinical remission in phase 3 trials were extracted from published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov. The difference (%Δ) between the proportions of patients in GEMINI 1 and VISIBLE 1 achieving clinical remission with vedolizumab versus placebo at week 52 was measured according to 4 endpoint definitions.

Results
Trials completed up to the end of 2019 used the total Mayo score to assess clinical remission. Most trials that were completed or estimated to be completed by June 2020 or later used modified Mayo scores. Post hoc analysis revealed decreasing endpoint stringency was associated with increasing %Δ values. The modified Mayo score definition most like the definition recommended by the FDA produced %Δ values like those reported using the total Mayo score in GEMINI 1 and VISIBLE 1.

Conclusions
Endpoint definitions for UC clinical trials have evolved following FDA guidance. The efficacy of vedolizumab, measured using modified Mayo scoring, was comparable to values reported using the total Mayo score.
Prolonged adrenal insufficiency following discontinuation of osilodrostat treatment for intense hypercortisolism
Authors: Ferriere Amandine , Salenave Sylvie , Puerto Marie , Young Jacques , Tabarin Antoine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The cases of 3 patients with Cushing's disease who developed long-term adrenal insufficiency after discontinuation of prolonged osilodrostat therapy were recently described for the first time. We report 2 additional cases of persistent prolonged adrenal insufficiency after discontinuation of osilodrostat treatment for intense hypercortisolism due to Cushing's disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome. In addition, we show for that adrenal insufficiency in these patients was associated with low/normal 11-deoxycortisol concentrations despite high plasma ACTH concentrations. These results suggest that CYP11B1 is not the only target of osilodrostat and that, in vivo, osilodrostat has other prolonged and strong inhibitory effect on adrenal steroidogenesis upstream of CYP11B1. Knowledge of this remnant effect is important for the care of patients with Cushing's syndrome treated with osilodrostat. Further studies are needed to clarify the frequency and the mechanisms of this remnant effect.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa reveals major inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements and substantial expansion of the copine gene family
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Qing , Chen Min , Chen Yang , Wang Chunde , Chen Nansheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa (class Bivalvia, order Adapedonta, family Hiatellidae, genus Panopea) is the largest known burrowing bivalve with considerable commercial value. Pacific geoduck and other geoduck clams play important roles in maintaining ecosystem health for their filter feeding habit and coupling pelagic and benthic processes. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of P. generosa to characterize its phylogeny and molecular mechanisms of its life strategies. The assembled P. generosa genome consists of 19 chromosomes with a size of 1.47 Gb, a contig N50 length of 1.6 Mb, and a scaffold N50 length of 73.8 Mb. The BUSCO test of the genome assembly showed 93.0% completeness. Constructed chromosome synteny revealed many occurrences of inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements between P. generosa and Sinonovacula constricta. Of the 35,034 predicted protein-coding genes, 30,700 (87.6%) could be functionally annotated in public databases, indicating the high quality of genome annotation. Comparison of gene copy numbers of gene families among P. generosa and 11 selected species identified 507 rapidly expanded P. generosa gene families that are functionally enriched in immune and gonad development and may be involved in its complex survival strategies. In particular, genes carrying the copine domains underwent additional duplications in P. generosa, which might be important for neuronal development and immune response. The availability of a fully annotated chromosome-level genome provides a valuable dataset for genetic breeding of P. generosa.
The effect of heterogeneous contact impedances on complex resistivity measurements
Authors: Zimmermann E , Huisman J A 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARY
Spectral induced polarization (SIP) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) are advanced approaches for structural characterisation of soils and rocks based on measurements of the frequency-dependent complex electrical resistivity. Accurate SIP and EIT measurements require the reduction of electrode effects, which have often been attributed to the polarization of metal electrodes in the current pathway. In this study, we demonstrate an alternative electrode effect that influences the accuracy of complex impedance measurements. This alternative electrode effect is caused by a heterogeneous distribution of the contact impedance, which can occur due to ageing or corrosion of the electrode. First, theoretical considerations are given to explain how this electrode effect influences the accuracy of complex impedance measurements. Next, we demonstrate using SIP and EIT measurements that this alternative mechanism better explains the observed electrode effects than previous explanations based only on the presence of metal. The SIP measurements were made on a water-filled container with a metal sphere between two non-polarizing electrodes, which showed that the mere presence of metal in the current pathway only leads to small electrode effects that are typically well below 1 mrad even for small electrode spacings. When the same metal sphere was used as a potential electrode, the observed electrode effect was about 2.5 times larger and varied with rotation. These changes can be explained by a heterogeneous contact impedance resulting in a varying electrode voltage. The EIT measurements were performed with a cylindrical sample holder filled with water. They are used to illustrate how the presented theoretical considerations can be used to investigate the magnitude of the electrode effects for different electrode configurations. We conclude that electrode effects are important to consider for laboratory SIP and EIT measurements and field measurement with closely spaced electrodes.