bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of distillery effluents on plant and soil enzymatic activities and groundnut quality
Authors: Singh Amar B. , Biswas Ashis K. , Ramana Sivakoti 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA field experiment was conducted during the rainy season 2000 to examine the effect of distillery effluents, i.e., biomethanated spent wash (BSW), raw spent wash (RSW), and lagoon sludge (LS) versus recommended NPK+FYM (farmyard manure) on nutritional quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and enzyme activities of plant and soil. The distillery effluents did not affect the oil content (%), crude and true protein contents (%) in groundnut but increased the seed yield and the contents of methionine by 44 % (1.15 g (16 g N)–1 vs. 0.80 g (16 g N)–1 in control) and of cysteine by 24 % (1.36 g (16 g N)–1 vs. 1.10 g (16 g N)–1 in control). BSW produced the highest seed yield (619 kg ha–1) followed by RSW (557 kg ha–1) and LS (472 kg ha–1). LS recorded the highest total chlorophyll content (2.94 mg (g FW)–1) in groundnut leaves. Application of BSW and RSW significantly increased the activity of plant peroxidase whereas the plant polyphenol oxidase was higher in BSW only. The application of distillery effluents did not affect the nitrate reductase activity but BSW significantly increased the nitrate content in the rhizosphere soil. The three effluents significantly increased the dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity more than recommended NPK+FYM.
Geo‐Pedogenese mariner Rohmarschen Spiekeroogs
Authors: Giani Luise , Ahrens Vera , Duntze Oliver , Irmer Sven Kruse 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWährend für niedersächsische Rohmarschen im allgemeinen erhebliche Kalkvorräte charakteristisch sind, wurden auf Spiekeroog kalkfreie initiale Marschen gefunden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es deshalb, die Marschböden Spiekeroogs vergleichend zu denen des Festlandes zu untersuchen und die Ursache des Fehlens von Carbonat zu klären, die im Zusammenspiel von Schwefel‐Dynamik und Sedimentationsverhalten vermutet wurde. Die Rohmarschen Spiekeroogs sind bezüglich ihres Bewuchses, vieler physikalischer Parameter und vor allem chemischer Eigenschaften (z. B. pH, Corg, Salinität, Feo, d, aK, KAK) vergleichbar mit denen der niedersächsischen Festlandsküste. Im Unterschied erstrecken sich die Rohmarschprofile Spiekeroogs über die gering mächtigen Marschensedimente und den darunter liegenden Sand, sind schluffreicher und tonärmer sowie carbonatärmer (0, 3 – 34, 5 g kg–1). Eine Kartierung wies kalkfreie Flächen aus. Die vergleichsweise moderate Schwefel‐Dynamik ist durch eine zeitlich und räumlich stabile SO4‐S‐Fraktion, im Mittel von 0, 3 – 0, 6 mg g–1 gekennzeichnet. Mit 1, 5 – 2, 9 mg g–1 ist auch die HNO3‐HCl‐S‐Fraktion eher stabil, während vor allem die HCl‐S‐Fraktion, bei großen Unterschieden zwischen den Standorten, in Korrelation mit sich ändernden Redoxpotenzialen einer zeitlichen Variabilität (monatlich HCl‐S‐Abnahmen bzw. Anstiege ∅︁ 0, 2 mg g–1) unterlag. Die vertikale Cs‐137‐Verteilung zeigte Peaks in 3 – 4 und 7 – 8 cm Bodentiefe und damit eine eher geringe Sedimentationsrate von 0, 2 – 0, 5 cm a–1. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass die Schwefel‐Dynamik über längere Zeiträume zu erheblichen Kalkverlusten führt, die aufgrund der relativ geringen Sedimentationsrate und damit geringen Neuanlieferung von Carbonaten nicht ausgeglichen wird, so dass die Rohmarschen Spiekeroogs entkalkt in die terrestrische Bodenentwicklungsphase übergehen werden. Neben dem rezent üblichen Weg der Pedogenese der Kleimarschen über Roh‐ und Kalkmarschen gibt es den von Rohmarschen direkt zu Kleimarschen, der auch z. T. für heute alte Kleimarschen (Brackmarschen) Niedersachsens für möglich gehalten wird.
Loupes‐only microsurgery
Authors: Pieptu Dragos , Luchian Stefan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractStandard magnification in microsurgery is accomplished with the operating microscope. Loupes are perceived by the microsurgical community as technically less safe. However, after several years of microscope‐only microsurgery, most of our microvascular procedures are performed under loupes 3.5–4×. Considering our results using loupes‐only microsurgery, which are comparable with those obtained when using the microscope, we suggest that loupe‐aided microsurgery might represent a natural progression for the experienced microsurgeon. Microsurgical skills and experience outweigh the importance of the magnification factor. While the microscope is mandatory for replantations distal to the palmary arch, microneurosurgery, and supramicrosurgery, loupes should be used in so‐called “macro‐microsurgery.” One may include in this category replantations down to the palmar arch and free flaps with vessels more than 1.5 mm, such as the latissimus, serratus, (para)scapular, fibula, radial forearm, rectus abdominis, dorsalis pedis, omentum, and jejunum. Before starting loupes‐only microsurgery, intensive training under the microscope is crucial. Less magnification does not mean less quality. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:181–188 2003
Vascular access in chronic dialysis: A plastic surgeon's approach
Authors: Pieptu Dragos , Luchian Stefan , Hriscu Mihaela , Mititiuc Irina , Florea Manuela , Romete Simona , Popa Maria , Ungureanu Angela , Chirita Loredana 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThirty‐five years after Brescia et al. (N Engl J Med 275:1089–1092, 1966) realized the first peripheral autogenous arteriovenous fistula, the “Achilles' heel” of chronic dialysis is still the absence of a good‐quality permanent vascular access. The number of patients depending on hemodialysis is increasing. Until 10 years ago, in Romania, there was a need to treat isolated critical cases. Nowadays, every dialysis center needs algorithms for a standardized approach, adaptable for each case. We reviewed 171 consecutive arteriovenous fistulas (132 patients) performed in adults in identical standard conditions: use of an inflatable tourniquet during the vascular dissection, microsurgical techniques, and use of only autogenous tissues. We analyzed our results, the technical difficulties encountered, and their management in long‐term follow‐up. The aim of this study was to set up the basic principles of our algorithms. Our approach, based on our education as plastic surgeons involved in hand surgery and microsurgery, might present the advantage of sparing renal patients vascular capital. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:226–232 2003
Synthesis and anti‐HIV activity of sulfated astragalus polysaccharide
Authors: Liu Guo‐Guang , Borjihan Gereltu , Baigude Huricha , Nakashima Hedeki , Uryu Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSulfated astragalus polysaccharide (sulfated astragalan, SA) was prepared by chemical modification of astragalus polysaccharide abstracted from an astragalus menbranceus used as a Mongolia herbal medicine. Anti‐HIV activity of SA was assayed in vitro and the results indicated that the SA showing high anti‐HIV activity and lower cytotoxity. Sulfation of astragalan was carried out by using sulfur trioxide‐pyridine complex in a mixture of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to give sulfated astragalan with degree of substitution (DS) of 1.14–1.20 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1.27–1.46 × 104. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and thermal degradation kinetics of cellulose esters
Authors: Sairam M. , Sreedhar B. , Mohan Rao D. V. , Palaniappan S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPolymers that are biodegradable currently achieve high interest in material science since they offer reductions of landfill space during waste management as well as new end‐user benefits in various fields of applications. In this work, cellulose esters such as cellulose benzoate, cellulose succinate and cellulose cinnamate were prepared using dimethylaminopyridine along with dimethylaminopyridine‐p‐toluene sulfonic acid catalyst. Films of cellulose esters were cast from solution. Cellulose esters were characterized by spectral methods such as infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal method such as thermogravimetric analysis. Various methods of kinetic analysis were compared in the case of thermal degradation of the cellulose and cellulose esters. Copyright­© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclo‐depolymerization of poly(propylene terephthalate): some ring‐opening polymerizations of the cyclic oligomers produced
Authors: Kamau Stephen D. , Hodge Philip , Helliwell Madeleine 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe report the cyclo‐depolymerization of poly(propylene terephthalate) to give a mixture of cyclic oligomers in 94% yield, the characterization of the mixture by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography. The major cyclic oligomer in the mixture was shown to be the cyclic dimer. It was isolated and its X‐ray crystal structure determined. Some entropically‐driven ring‐opening polymerizations of the cyclic oligomers were carried out. So too were some copolymerizations using mixtures of the cyclic oligomers and those derived similarly from poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate). 13C‐NMR spectroscopic analysis showed that the copolymers were random. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing the fiberization and mechanical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 66 in situ composites
Authors: Huang Wen‐Yi , Shen Jing‐Wei , Chen Xiao‐Mei , Chen Hong‐Yan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn situ composites based on immiscible polypropylene (PP)–polyamide 66 (PA66) melt blends were prepared through extrusion, drawing, quenching and then injection molding. The results show that both draw ratio (λ) and compatibilizer content (Cg) have significant influences on the PA66 fiberization and mechanical properties of the composites. PA66 fiberization in the PP matrix is realized during the melt drawing through a die. The increase in λ is favorable for fiberization of the dispersed phase, which leads to a large increment of impact strength (ak) and some improvement of the tensile strength (σt) of the composites. Nevertheless, the elevated Cg is unfavorable for fiberization, which results in the reduction of ak whereas σt is enhanced, apparently due to the improvement of interfacial adhesion. The coalescence effect of PA66 droplets during drawing plays a key role in fiberization. The σt and ak of the composites are primarily dictated by the interfacial structure and fiber morphology, respectively, which determine the variation rules of these properties with λ or Cg. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of pH sensitivity of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) hydrogel
Authors: Zhou Xianju , Weng Lihui , Chen Qiang , Zhang Jianming , Shen Deyan , Li Zhuchuan , Shao Manjun , Xu Jian 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIt was found that the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) hydrogel decreases with increase in pH. The UCST of samples equilibrated in a buffer at pH 2.5 was 33.7 °C, whereas it shifted to below 0 °C when swollen in buffers above pH 10. FT‐IR showed that COOH group of acrylic acid ionized gradually in alkaline media. The morphology change of the hydrogel swollen in different buffers was studied by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). ESEM images showed that the pore size of the sample increased with increase in pH, and in strongly basic media the three‐dimensional network was replaced by a ‘sausage‐like’ or ‘desert‐like’ structure. A study of the pH‐dependent release of cefazolin sodium was also carried out. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of segment length on some properties of thermoplastic poly(ester–siloxane)s
Authors: Antic Vesna V , Govedarica Milutin N , Djonlagic Jasna 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA series of novel thermoplastic elastomers, based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as the soft segment and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) as the hard segment, were synthesized by catalyzed two‐step, melt transesterification reactions of dimethyl terephthalate and methyl esters of carboxypropyl‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (M̄n = 550–2170 g mol−1) with 1,4‐butanediol. The lengths of both the hard and soft segments were varied while the weight ratio of the hard to soft segments in the reaction mixture was maintained constant (57/43). The molecular structure, composition and molecular weights of the poly(ester–siloxane)s were examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The effectiveness of the incorporation of the methyl‐ester‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)s into the copolymer chains was verified by chloroform extraction. The effect of the segment length on the transition temperatures (Tm and Tg) and the thermal and thermo‐oxidative degradation stability, as well as the degree of crystallinity and hardness properties of the synthesized TPESs, were studied. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Miscibility windows in ternary polymer blends of a polyester, polymethacrylate and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)
Authors: Su Chean‐Cheng , Lin Jiann‐Horng , Woo EM 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMiscibility, phase diagrams and morphology of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) ternary blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The miscibility window of PCL/PBzMA/SAN ternary blends is influenced by the acrylonitrile (AN) content in the SAN copolymers. At ambient temperature, the ternary polymer blend is completely miscible within a closed‐loop miscibility window. DSC showed only one glass transition temperature (Tg) for PCL/PBzMA/SAN‐17 and PCL/PBzMA/SAN‐25 ternary blends; furthermore, OM and SEM results showed that PCL/PBzMA/SAN‐17 and PCL/PBzMA/SAN‐25 were homogeneous for any composition of the ternary phase diagram. Hence, it demonstrated that miscibility exists for PCL/PBzMA/SAN‐17 and PCL/PBzMA/SAN‐25 ternary blends, but that the ternary system becomes phase‐separated outside these AN contents. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analysis of a lymphoma‐derived cell line (DG75) following treatment with a demethylating drug: Modification of membrane‐associated proteins
Authors: Poirier Florence , Joubert‐Caron Raymonde , Labas Valérie , Caron Michel 
Published: June 2003

Abstract5’‐azacytidine (AZC) is a potent DNA demethylating agent used clinically for treatment of patients with malignant hemopathies. We have previously shown that AZC induces a halt in cell growth and a decrease of cell activity, without affecting cell viability. We have also shown using proteomics, that 35 polypeptides were differentially expressed in a cytoplasmic fraction. The aim of this study was to provide a more complete picture of modifications in AZC‐treated cells using cell membrane preparations. Therefore the protein pattern changes following AZC treatment of the cell line DG75 were studied on a detergent‐solubilized fraction obtained from these membranes. Results showed that 49 proteins were differentially expressed in the membrane fraction. Seven polypeptides were down‐regulated, while 42 were up‐regulated. The identity of most of these differentially expressed proteins was determined by mass spectrometry (liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry or matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight), and the identified proteins were grouped based on cellular function and participation in biochemical and signaling pathways.
Human bronchoalveolar lavage: Biofluid analysis with special emphasis on sample preparation
Authors: Plymoth Amelie , Löfdahl Claes‐Göran , Ekberg‐Jansson Ann , Dahlbäck Magnus , Lindberg Henrik , Fehniger Thomas E. , Marko‐Varga György 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRespiratory diseases are an important health problem throughout the world. Whether caused by industrial pollutants, infections, smoking, cancer or metabolic diseases, damage to the lungs and airways often lead to morbidity or death. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by fiber‐optic bronchoscopy is a biofluid mirroring the expression of normally secreted pulmonary proteins and the products of activated cells and destructive processes. The characterization of the proteome within this compartment provides an opportunity to establish temporal and prognostic indicators of airway disease. The objective of this study was to develop methods of analysis of BAL samples, which achieved the highest level of annotation of the expression map of this proteome. We have optimized the process of sample preparation after investigating a variety of techniques including dialysis, ultramembrane filtration, precipitation and gel filtration. We have further studied methods to remove albumin from BAL in order to unmask proteins hidden on two‐dimensional gels. In a pilot application of the method, BAL protein profiles obtained from healthy nonsmokers and smokers at risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed distinct differences.
Optimizing protein solubility for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of human myocardium
Authors: Stanley Brian A. , Neverova Irina , Brown Heather A. , Van Eyk Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn order to maximize the myocardial proteome observed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE), the effect of (1) either an ionic or different zwitterionic detergents during tissue homogenization and (2) altering the “standard” detergent for isoelectric focusing (3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]‐1‐propane sulfonate (CHAPS)) to either the zwitterionic detergent amidosulfobetaine‐14 (ASB‐14) or N‐decyl‐N‐N’‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propane sulfonate (SB3‐10) was investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was shown to be a superior detergent for extraction of proteins during homogenization of cardiac tissue compared to the detergents ASB‐14, SB3‐10 or CHAPS. Additionally, both ASB‐14 and SB3‐10 exhibited better extraction than CHAPS for distinct regions of two‐dimensional gels. In most cases, the best combination of homogenization and focusing conditions did not involve the use of the same detergent. Specifically, it was found that the ability to mix homogenization and focusing conditions can allow one to obtain an optimum balance between the resolution and number of protein spots obtained in 2‐DE analysis of cardiac tissue. An excellent initial combination of buffers to utilize for the general examination of cardiac proteins was determined to be initial homogenization in a buffer containing ASB‐14 followed by focusing in a buffer containing CHAPS.
Observation of multiple isoforms and specific proteolysis patterns of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the context of cell cycle compartments and sample preparations
Authors: Naryzhny Stanislav N. , Lee Hoyun 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential component for eukaryotic chromosomal DNA replication and repair. PCNA forms a homotrimer ring, which may function as a DNA sliding clamp for DNA polymerases and, possibly, a docking station for other replication‐ and repair‐related proteins. Several reports have suggested the existence of different PCNA isoforms. Here we confirm, using high resolution two‐dimensional electrophoresis with narrow pH ranges, the existence of three PCNA isoforms in both Chinese hamster and human breast cancer cells. Among the three isoforms, M or main form is the dominant one throughout the cell cycle while the relative amounts of the minor components A (acidic) and B (basic) forms appear to vary during the cell cycle. We also observed that a specific pattern of PCNA proteolysis occurred during isoelectric focusing in spite of high urea (8 M) and detergent (2% 3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]‐1‐propane sulfonate), which was largely inhibited by the proteosome inhibitor MG132 or boiling. Interestingly, the proteolysis pattern was mainly observed with samples isolated from cells in S and G2 phases. A similar but much lower level of PCNA proteolysis also occurred in vivo within the nuclei of the cells in S phase. Taken together, our data are consistent with the idea that the existence of the different isoforms and specific proteolysis of PCNA are relevant to its functions in vivo.
Proteome analysis of Escherichia coli W3110 expressing an heterologous sigma factor
Authors: Baglioni Paola , Bini Luca , Liberatori Sabrina , Pallini Vitaliano , Marri Laura 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe recombinant plasmid pASK18 carries a Streptomyces DNA fragment which includes an open reading frame, designated psfS (putative sigma factor, Streptomyces), as its putative product showed a high degree of similarity with RNA polymerase sigma factors. Previous results showed that PsfS causes transcription initiation within the bgl operon promoter‐silencer region in Escherichia coli K12. In this study a proteomic approach has been applied in order to perform a comparative analysis of E. coli K12 W3110 wild‐type, W3110 (pASK18) and a W3110 Bgl+ spontaneous mutant. Either by qualitative or quantitative analysis, no significant difference was observed between the proteomes of W3110 and its Bgl+ derivative, while W3110 (pASK18) showed an altered profile by both analyses. Fourteen out of the 37 protein spots showing a different expression level in E. coli W3110 harboring pASK18 were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among the proteins identified, thiol peroxidase (Tpx) was the only one up‐regulated. The possible involvement of bgl and tpx in the survival of the pathogen E. coli during infection is discussed.
Prediction of solvent effect on the reaction rate and endo/exo selectivity of a Diels–Alder reaction using molecular surface electrostatic potential
Authors: Gholami M. R. , Talebi B. A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMolecular surface electrostatic potential was used to predict the solvent effect on the reaction rate, endo/exo selectivity and diastereomeric excess of a Diels–Alder reaction. It is shown that these quantities can be expressed in terms of molecular surface electrostatic potentials of solvents which are obtained computationally by the HF/6–31++G* procedure. Regression analyses and an experimental database are used to obtain analytical representation of rate constant, endo/exo selectivity and diastereomeric excess. The models obtained show that the hydrogen bond donor ability of solvents on the above mentioned properties is substantial, whereas solvophobicity only affects the reaction rate and endo/exo selectivity of the reaction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation, tautomerism and electroreduction of xanthene and sulfonephthalein dyes inN,N‐dimethylformamide and other solvents
Authors: Mchedlov‐Petrossyan Nikolay O. , Kukhtik Valentina I. , Bezugliy Vasiliy D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractProtolytic equilibria in DMF of 10 dyes, fluorescein and its halogen derivatives, rhodamine B andN,N‐diethylrhodol, and of four sulfonephthaleins were studied by visible spectroscopy. The ratios of the stepwise dissociation constants of the substances in DMF, and the changes of these constants on transferring from water to DMF and other solvents, were explained taking into account the nature of functional groups and of the state of tautomeric equilibria. From the correlations between the Gibbs energies of tautomerization of the neutral species (quinonoid ⇌ colorless lactone) and the normalized Reichardt's parameter,$E_{\rm T}^{\rm N}$, the ‘limiting’ values of tautomerization constants of fluorescein and eosin at$E_{\rm T}^{\rm N} \rightarrow 0$(non‐polar aprotic media) were evaluated. The conversion of the neutral form of sulfonephthaleins into colorless sultones in DMF is demonstrated. The peculiarities of the reduction of the substances on a dropping mercury electrode in non‐aqueous media were revealed, namely the differentiating action of DMF in the first and second stages of electroreduction of the R2−anions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.