bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is day hospital treatment for anorexia nervosa really like? A reflexive thematic analysis of feedback from young people
Authors: Gledhill Lucinda J. , MacInnes Danielle , Chan Sze Chi , Drewery Charlotte , Watson Charlotte , Baudinet Julian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
A significant proportion of young people do not respond to the NICE recommended treatment for anorexia nervosa: Family Therapy. Whilst historically these young people would be admitted to inpatient services, which are associated with greater treatment cost, greater risk of relapse, and worse outcome, more recently evidence is building for the effectiveness of day programmes. One day programme that has been found to be effective is the Intensive Treatment Programme (ITP) of the Maudsley Centre for Child & Adolescent Eating Disorders in London, UK. However, to-date no studies have investigated how young people experience such a day programme.

Method
Anonymous feedback was completed via online survey by 51 young people over a 5-year period (2018–2023) on discharge from ITP.

Results
Four main themes were identified: (1) Support—young people expressed the importance of boundaries but also of feeling validated, and encouraged; (2) Uniqueness: an experience like no other—ITP was described as different to any other treatment received before (both outpatient and inpatient); (3) Relationships – young people valued connecting with others in a similar situation and reflected that relationships at home changed throughout treatment; (4) Self-development – learning skills, developing independence, and exploring an identity outside of the eating disorder was valued.

Conclusions
It is hoped that the reflections from these young people can help to inform clinicians working in DPs and those hoping to set up novel DPs about key aspects of treatment.
Establishing the original order of the poems in Harward’s Almanac using paleography, codicology, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and statistical analysis
Authors: Biolcati Veronica , Woolley James , Lévêque Élodie , Rossi Andrea , Hoffmann Anna Grace , Visentin Andrea , Macháin Pádraig Ó , Iacopino Daniela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work presents the results of a transdisciplinary analysis performed on Harward’s Almanac (Dublin, 1666), an extremely rare volume currently housed in the National Library of Ireland. The uniqueness and historical value of the Almanac is related to the presence of nineteen handwritten poems, entered by an anonymous scribe. These record textually important English clandestine satire circulating anonymously in Dublin in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Following a comprehensive historical assessment, it appeared evident that the current order of leaves was incorrect. To reconstruct the correct order of the leaves, and hence the likely sequence in which the manuscript poems were inscribed, this study employed a codicological/paleographic analysis complemented by analytical (X-ray fluorescence, XRF) and statistical (Self Organizing Map, SOM) investigation. Specifically, point XRF analysis was carried out for each handwritten page of the Almanac, allowing identification of ink elemental compositions (iron-based ink) and successfully supporting the validity of historical hypotheses on the poems’ order of inscription. The statistical organization of XRF data by SOMs allowed easy bi-dimensional visualization of the data set (54 points) and identification of ink similarities, once more validating the historical assessment.
Pressure-support compared with pressure-controlled ventilation mitigates lung and brain injury in experimental acute ischemic stroke in rats
Authors: da Silva Adriana L. , Bessa Camila M. , Rocha Nazareth N. , Carvalho Eduardo B. , Magalhaes Raquel F. , Capelozzi Vera L. , Robba Chiara , Pelosi Paolo , Samary Cynthia S. , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Silva Pedro L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate the pulmonary and cerebral effects of low-tidal volume ventilation in pressure-support (PSV) and pressure-controlled (PCV) modes at two PEEP levels in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods
In this randomized experimental study, AIS was induced by thermocoagulation in 30 healthy male Wistar rats. After 24 h, AIS animals were randomly assigned to PSV or PCV with VT = 6 mL/kg and PEEP = 2 cmH2O (PSV-PEEP2 and PCV-PEEP2) or PEEP = 5 cmH2O (PSV-PEEP5 and PCV-PEEP5) for 2 h. Lung mechanics, arterial blood gases, and echocardiography were evaluated before and after the experiment. Lungs and brain tissue were removed for histologic and molecular biology analysis. The primary endpoint was diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) score; secondary endpoints included brain histology and brain and lung molecular biology markers.

Results
In lungs, DAD was lower with PSV-PEEP5 than PCV-PEEP5 (p < 0.001); interleukin (IL)-1β was lower with PSV-PEEP2 than PCV-PEEP2 (p = 0.016) and PSV-PEEP5 than PCV-PEEP5 (p = 0.046); zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was lower in PCV-PEEP5 than PCV-PEEP2 (p = 0.042). In brain, necrosis, hemorrhage, neuropil edema, and CD45 + microglia were lower in PSV than PCV animals at PEEP = 2 cmH2O (p = 0.036, p = 0.025, p = 0.018, p = 0.011, respectively) and PEEP = 5 cmH2O (p = 0.003, p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.003, respectively); IL-1β was lower while ZO-1 was higher in PSV-PEEP2 than PCV-PEEP2 (p = 0.009, p = 0.007, respectively), suggesting blood–brain barrier integrity. Claudin-5 was higher in PSV-PEEP2 than PSV-PEEP5 (p = 0.036).

Conclusion
In experimental AIS, PSV compared with PCV reduced lung and brain injury. Lung ZO-1 reduced in PCV with PEEP = 2 versus PEEP = 5 cmH2O, while brain claudin-5 increased in PSV with PEEP = 2 versus PEEP = 5 cmH2O.
A systematic review of peer support interventions for student mental health and well-being in higher education
Authors: Pointon-Haas Julia , Waqar Luqmaan , Upsher Rebecca , Foster Juliet , Byrom Nicola , Oates Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Background
Higher education institutions (HEIs) are seeking effective ways to address the rising demand for student mental health services. Peer support is widely considered a viable option to increase service capacity; however, there are no agreed definitions of peer support, making it difficult to establish its impact on student mental health and well-being.

Aims
This systematic review aims to better understand and evaluate peer support in HEIs.

Method
Five databases, OpenGrey and Grey Matters were searched in May 2021. Included studies were quantitative, longitudinal (with and without a control) or cross-sectional with a control. The vote-counting method was used for synthesis. The risk of bias was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool.

Results
Three types of peer support were represented in 28 papers: peer-led support groups, peer mentoring and peer learning. Peer learning and peer mentoring had more positive, significant results reported for the outcomes of anxiety and stress. Peer-led support groups were the only type targeting students with mental health difficulties.

Conclusions
The heterogeneity of measures and outcomes prevents firm conclusions on the effectiveness of peer support for mental health and well-being. Most studies were rated ‘poor’ or ‘fair’ in their risk of bias. There is not a solid evidence base for the effectiveness of peer support. Nonetheless, HEIs can use the terminology developed in this review for shared discussions that guide more robust research and evaluation of peer support as an intervention.
Repeated boat noise exposure damages inner ear sensory hair cells and decreases hearing sensitivity in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus)
Authors: Badlowski Gina A. , Boyle Kelly S. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Anthropogenic noise is becoming a major underwater pollutant because of rapidly increasing boat traffic worldwide. But its impact on aquatic organisms remains largely unknown. Previous studies have focused mainly on high-frequency and impulsive noises (i.e. sonar); however, boat noise is more pervasive, continuous, and its highest intensity and component frequencies overlap the auditory bandwidth of most fishes. We assessed the impacts of boat noise on saccular sensory hair cell density and hearing thresholds of a soniferous species, Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). In two laboratory experiments, individuals were subjected to simulated boat noise: a single 15-min exposure and 3 days of intermittent noise (simulating passing vessels). Immediately after both experiments, fish were either (1) tested for hearing sensitivity with auditory evoked potential (AEP) tests or (2) euthanized for fluorescent phalloidin and TUNEL labeling for hair cell density counts. Relative to controls, no differences were observed in auditory thresholds nor hair cell density between individuals subjected to a single 15-min noise exposure. However, fish from the 3-day experiment showed decreased sensory hair cell density, increased apoptotic cells, and higher hearing thresholds than control fish at 300, 800 and 1000 Hz. Our results demonstrate that impacts from boat noise depend upon the duration and frequency of exposure. For a species reliant on vocalization for communication, these impacts may hinder spawning success, increase predation risks and significantly alter the ecosystem.
Comprehensive analysis of sodium polystyrene sulfonate-induced colitis: A systematic review
Authors: Aver Gabriel Peixoto , Ribeiro Guilherme Ferreira , Ballotin Vinícius Remus , Santos Francisco Souza dos , Bigarella Lucas Goldmann , Riva Floriano , Brambilla Eduardo , Soldera Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is commonly prescribed for the management of hyperkalemia, a critical electrolyte imbalance contributing to over 800000 annual visits to emergency departments.
AIM
To conduct a systematic review of documented cases of SPS-induced colitis and assess its associated prognosis.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA-P guidelines, our study employed Medical Subject Headings and Health Sciences Descriptors, skillfully combined using Boolean operators, to conduct comprehensive searches across various electronic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), BIREME (Biblioteca Regional de Medicina), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Embase, and Opengray.eu. Language criteria were confined to English, Spanish, and Portuguese, with no limitations on the publication date. Additionally, we manually scrutinized the reference lists of retrieved studies. To present our findings, we utilized simple descriptive analysis.
RESULTS
Our search strategy yielded a total of 442 references. After rigorous evaluation, we included 51 references, encompassing 59 documented cases of colitis. Predominant clinical presentations included abdominal pain, observed in 35 (60.3%) cases, and bloating, reported in 18 (31%) cases. The most frequently affected sites of inflammation were the cecum, rectum, and small intestine, accounting for 31%, 25.8%, and 22.4% of cases, respectively. Colonoscopy findings were described in 28 (48.2%) cases, and 29 (50%) of patients required surgical intervention. Among the subset of patients for whom outcome data was available, 39 (67.2%) experienced favorable outcomes, while 12 (20.6%) unfortunately succumbed to the condition. The mean time required for resolution was 36.7 d, with a range spanning from 1 to 120 d.
CONCLUSION
SPS demonstrates the capacity to effectively lower serum potassium levels within 24 h. However, this benefit is not without the risk of bowel injury. Our study highlights the absence of high-quality data pertaining to the incidence of adverse events associated with SPS usage, making it challenging to determine whether the potential risks outweigh the benefits. However, a significant mortality rate related to SPS-induced colitis was noted. Future investigations should prioritize randomized controlled trials with a sufficiently large patient cohort to ascertain the true utility and safety profile of this medication.
Inflation in Cuba: An Analysis from the Perspective of the Main Nominal Anchors of Monetary Policy
Authors: Acosta Sergio Truebas 
Published: December 2023

The lack of direct and indirect instruments and the features of the Cuban monetary and financial environment have implicated the need to base the monetary policy on the use of nominal anchors for price stabilization. This article has the objective of analyzing the relevance of the official exchange rate, the money supply, and the regulated prices as nominal anchors since the economic system reformation of the early 1990s.
With this objective in mind, the analysis provided by the article is divided into two sections. In the first, the use of the main nominal anchors in the macroeconomic stabilization carried out in the period 1990–2010 is evaluated. In the second, the factors that explain the loss of the main nominal anchors in the period 2011–2022 are examined.
Coherent x-ray magnetic imaging with 5  nm resolution
Authors: Battistelli Riccardo , Metternich Daniel , Schneider Michael , Kern Lisa-Marie , Litzius Kai , Fuchs Josefin , Klose Christopher , Gerlinger Kathinka , Bagschik Kai , Günther Christian M. , Engel Dieter , Ropers Claus , Eisebitt Stefan , Pfau Bastian , Büttner Felix , Zayko Sergey 
Published: December 2023

Soft x-ray microscopy plays an important role in modern spintronics. However, the achievable resolution of most x-ray magnetic imaging experiments limits access to fundamental and technologically relevant length scales in the sub-10 nm regime. Here, we demonstrate x-ray magnetic microscopy with 5 nm resolution by combining holography-assisted coherent diffractive imaging with heterodyne amplification of the weak magnetic signal. The gain in resolution and contrast makes magnetic pinning sites visible and allows to measure the local width of domain walls. The ability to detect and map such properties with photons opens new horizons for element-specific, time-resolved, and operando research on magnetic materials and beyond.
Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention and a health self-management programme on psychological well-being in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: Secondary analyses from the SCD-Well randomised clinical trial
Authors: Schlosser Marco , Demnitz-King Harriet , Barnhofer Thorsten , Collette Fabienne , Gonneaud Julie , Chételat Gaël , Jessen Frank , Kliegel Matthias , Klimecki Olga M. , Lutz Antoine , Marchant Natalie L. ,   on behalf of the Medit-Ageing Research Group
Published: December 2023

Objectives
Older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) recruited from memory clinics have an increased risk of developing dementia and regularly experience reduced psychological well-being related to memory concerns and fear of dementia. Research on improving well-being in SCD is limited and lacks non-pharmacological approaches. We investigated whether mindfulness-based and health education interventions can enhance well-being in SCD.

Methods
The SCD-Well trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03005652) randomised 147 older adults with SCD to an 8-week caring mindfulness-based approach for seniors (CMBAS) or an active comparator (health self-management programme [HSMP]). Well-being was assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month post-randomisation using the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), the World Health Organisation’s Quality of Life (QoL) Assessment psychological subscale, and composites capturing meditation-based well-being dimensions of awareness, connection, and insight. Mixed effects models were used to assess between- and within-group differences in change.

Results
CMBAS was superior to HSMP on changes in connection at post-intervention. Within both groups, PWBS total scores, psychological QoL, and composite scores did not increase. Exploratory analyses indicated increases in PWBS autonomy at post-intervention in both groups.

Conclusion
Two non-pharmacological interventions were associated with only limited effects on psychological well-being in SCD. Longer intervention studies with waitlist/retest control groups are needed to assess if our findings reflect intervention brevity and/or minimal base rate changes in well-being.
Severe Covid-19 in pregnant and postpartum women admitted to an intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Melo Mendes Isabel Cristina , Martins de Oliveira Ana Luiza , Martins Pinheiro Trindade Priscila , Mendes da Silva Wallace , Pontes Frankel Patricia , Carvalho Mocarzel Carolina , de Alencar Rosa Marta , Santos Nascimento Ana Paula , de Melo Rodrigues Glaucia , Pimentel Clarisse , de Moraes Perlingeiro Raissa , Gonçalves Lisbôa Pereira Alessandra , Caminha Escosteguy Claudia , Mello Galliez Rafael 
Published: December 2023

Background
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with worse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aims to describe the characteristics of pregnant and postpartum women with severe Covid-19 admitted to ICU.

Methods and findings
It’s a retrospective cohort study evaluating pregnant and postpartum women referenced to a specialized ICU between May 2020 and June 2022. Covid-19 was confirmed with RT-PCR or rapid antigen test on a nasopharyngeal swab. Variables were described by median and IQR when numerical, and by frequency and percentage when categorical. OR with 95% CI were calculated for the evaluation of factors related to death. P-values were calculated using Pearson’s ꭓ2-test, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Kruskall-Wallis test, and statistical significance was established as < 0·05. Missing data were excluded. All statistical analysis were performed using R software version 4.2.2. Of the 101 admissions, 85 (84·2%) were of pregnant women. Obesity (23·0%) and systemic arterial hypertension (13·0%) were the most prevalent medical conditions. Sixty-six (65·3%) were admitted using some type of oxygen support. Forty-seven (46·5%) evolved to mechanical ventilation. There were 61 events considered obstetric complications, with 8 stillbirths/fetal losses. The overall lethality was 15·8%. Pregnancy interruption, need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, level of oxygen support at admission, prone maneuver, hemodialysis, and healthcare-related infections were factors associated with death. Evaluating the WHO 7-category ordinary scale, there was a trend of increase in the risk of death with higher punctuation, with a statistically significant difference of women with 5 (OR = 7·27; 95% IC = 1·17–194; p = 0·031) or 6 points (OR = 12·0; 95% IC = 1·15–391; p = 0·038) when compared to the ones with 3 points, i.e., of women admitted with a high-flow non-rebreathing mask or invasive mechanical ventilation, compared with the ones admitted at room air, respectively. The main limitations of this study are the relatively small number of participants, and the use of data derived of medical records—which are susceptible to misclassification and variable amounts of missing data.

Conclusions
Pregnant and postpartum women with severe Covid-19 have high lethality and a high incidence of clinical and obstetric complications. These findings support that this population should be prioritized in public health strategies that address Covid-19.
Acceptability of a community-embedded intervention for improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health in south-east Nigeria: A qualitative study
Authors: Eze Irene Ifeyinwa , Okeke Chinyere , Ekwueme Chinazom , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Adolescents have limited access to quality sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services that are key to healthy sexual lives in many low and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. Hence, context-specific interventions are required to increase adolescents’ access to and utilisation of SRH. This paper provides new knowledge on the acceptability of a community-embedded intervention to improve access to SRH information and services for adolescents in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria.

Methods
A community-embedded intervention was implemented for six months in selected communities. Thereafter the intervention was assessed for its acceptability using a total of 30 in-depth interviews and 18 focus group discussions conducted with policymakers, health service providers, school teachers, community gatekeepers, parents and adolescents who were purposively selected as relevant stakeholders on adolescent SRH. The interview transcripts were coded in NVivo 12 using a coding framework structured according to four key constructs of the theoretical framework for acceptability (TFA): affective attitude, intervention coherence, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy. The outputs of the coded transcripts were analysed, and the emergent themes from each of the four constructs of the TFA were identified.

Results
The intervention was acceptable to the stakeholders, from the findings of its positive effects, appropriateness, and positive impact on sexual behaviour. Policymakers were happy to be included in collaborating with multiple stakeholders to co-create multi-faceted interventions relevant to their work (positive affective attitude). The stakeholders understood how the interventions work and perceived them as appropriate at individual and community levels, with adequate and non-complex tools adaptable to different levels of stakeholders (intervention coherence). The intervention promoted mutualistic relations across stakeholders and sectors, including creating multiple platforms to reach the target audience, positive change in sexual behaviour, and cross-learning among policymakers, community gatekeepers, service providers, and adolescents (intervention effectiveness), which empowered them to have the confidence to provide and access SRH information and services (self-efficacy).

Conclusions
Community-embedded interventions were acceptable as strong mechanisms for improving adolescents’ access to SRH in the communities. Policymakers should promote the community-embedded strategy for holistic health promotion of adolescents.