bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc Indium Sulfide‐Based Photocatalysts for Selective Organic Transformations
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Rui , Ye Hanlin , Liang Yujun , Han Chuang , Sun Yujie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning field of semiconductor‐mediated organic conversion is of paramount significance, with zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4) emerging as a standout candidate owing to its benign nature, optimal bandgap, extensive light absorption spectrum, remarkable physicochemical properties, and straightforward synthesis. This review examines the latest breakthroughs and the trajectory of ZnIn2S4‐based photocatalysts in the realm of selective organic transformation. We start with a distinct overview of the intrinsic physical attributes of ZnIn2S4 and the underlying mechanisms driving its efficacy in photocatalytic organic transformations. Subsequently, the preparation methods of ZnIn2S4 are summarized. The main focus is the state‐of‐the‐art photocatalytic application of various ZnIn2S4‐based photocatalysts, such as redox reactions, the construction of C−C, C−S and S−S bonds, and the cleavage of C−O, C−C, and C=C bonds. In the conclusion part, we provide our perspectives on the prospective advancements and the remaining challenges that lie ahead in the optimization of ZnIn2S4‐based photocatalysts, with the ultimate goal of enhancing their efficacy for a diverse array of photosynthetic applications. It is anticipated to inspire the strategic engineering of ZnIn2S4 and other semiconductor‐based photocatalysts for various artificial photosynthesis reactions.
Enhancing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Sputtered Ni, NiO, and NiNiO Thin Films by Incorporating Fe
Authors: Heath Megan Muriel , Potgieter Marcelle , Seland Frode , Sunde Svein , Kriek Roelof Jacobus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effect of Fe‐containing alkaline electrolyte, on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of Ni electrocatalysts, has long been of interest as Fe increases the OER activity of Ni electrocatalysts. However, controversy exists as to whether it is surface or bulk Fe that is responsible for the increased activity. In this study, magnetron sputtering was employed to sputter Ni, NiO and NiNiO thin film electrocatalysts to study the effect that different concentrations of Fe in the electrolyte have on their OER activities. It was found that increasing concentrations of Fe increasingly enhanced the OER activity of these thin film electrocatalysts until the electrolyte was saturated with Fe. The lowest overpotential achieved is 279 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) for NiNiO cycled in KOH containing 1 mM Fe, with all three thin film electrocatalysts exhibiting overpotentials within the same range after 30 voltammetry cycles in 0.9 ppm Fe and 1 mM Fe. All Tafel slopes are between 36 and 45 mV dec−1 indicating similar kinetics for the samples cycled in different Fe concentrations. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that Fe is found in the top layers of the electrocatalysts after cycling.
Naphthalimide‐based Functional Glycopolymeric Nanoparticles as Fluorescent Probes for Selective Imaging of Tumor Cells
Authors: Li Yi , Cai Zhi , Gu Jieyu , Chen Jinghua , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA series of functional glycopolymer nanoparticles with 1,8‐naphthalimide motif was designed, synthesized and applied for tumor cell imaging. With the pH‐sensitive and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect of the 1,8‐naphthalimide fluorescent probe, the presence of glucose‐based glycopolymers enhanced its water‐solubility and biocompatibility. Owing to the dual tumor‐targeting effects of the dense glucose part and the boronic ester modification, the obtained glycopolymers showed high affinity to tumor cells, with a much faster staining rate than normal cells, indicating a great potential for diagnosis and treatments of cancers.
Advancement in chiral heterocycles for the antidiabetic activity
Authors: Gupta Tinku , Rani Dimpy , Nainwal Lalit Mohan , Badhwar Reena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor the synthesis and development of pharmaceuticals, chirality is an important structural component. Chiral heterocyclic compounds have annoyed the interest of synthetic chemists who are working to create useful and efficient techniques for these molecules. As indicated by the expanding number of chiral drugs created in the last two decades, the link between chirality and pharmacological activity has become more important in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries. Approximately 65% of currently used drugs are chiral, and many of them are promoted as racemates in many circumstances. There are a growing number of new chiral heterocyclic compounds with important biological properties and intriguing uses in medical chemistry and drug discovery. In this study, we review current breakthroughs in chiral heterocycles and their different physiological activities that have been published in the last year (from 2010 to early 2023). This study focuses on the current trends in the use of chiral heterocycles in drug design and the creation of several powerful and competent candidates for diabetic illnesses.
Effect of chirality in the supramolecular polymerization of N‐annulated perylenediimides: Cancelling pathway complexity
Authors: Greciano Elisa E. , Schwalb Alfonso J. , Sánchez Luis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of two chiral NPBIs, (S)‐1 and (R)‐1, is reported and their self‐assembling features investigated. The reported NPBIs form chiral supramolecular polymers with a rich dichroic pattern by the π‐stacking of the aromatic backbones and the formation of an array of H‐bonds between the amide functional groups. Furthermore, the peripheral 3,4,5‐trialkoxy benzamide groups can form seven‐membered pseudocycles by the intramolecular H‐bonding interaction between the NH of the peripheral amides and one of the carbonyls of the imide units thus yielding a kinetically controlled self‐assembly process. Unlike achiral NPBI 1, that has been reported to form up to four supramolecular polymorphs, the reported chiral NPBIs form only a J‐type aggregated species. The results presented herein reveal how subtle changes exert an enormous influence on the supramolecular polymerization outcome.
Formation of N‐doped Graphene and Carbon Nanoparticles Integrated Composite for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yu Ya , Hu Hao , Gan Zheng‐Tao , Mi Jian‐Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractN‐doped carbon‐based materials have been regarded as promising alternatives to Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the four‐electron (4e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is an important electrochemical reaction for the polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Here, we report a N‐doped graphene and N‐doped carbon nanoparticles integrated composite electrocatalyst by a multi‐step acid etching plus annealing method. Despite the low N‐doping level, the material exhibits efficient 4e− ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.932 V, a half‐wave potential of 0.814 V, and a limiting current density of 5.3 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH solution. We demonstrate that the promoted 4e− ORR activity is attributed to the special 2D–0D integrated structure for exposing massive active sites, the favorable porous structure facilitating the H2O transfer dynamics, and the high content of oxygen‐containing C−O−C species and the increased intrinsic carbon defects for additional active sites. A “decomposition and recrystallization” mechanism is proposed for the formation of N‐doped graphene.
Exploring color concepts in physics education: Addressing common preconceptions among teachers‐in‐training
Authors: Martínez‐Borreguero Guadalupe , Naranjo‐Correa Francisco L. , Nuñez Milagros Mateos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the field of physics education, the identification of students' preconceptions—especially regarding light and color—has been pivotal, as these foundational ideas often persist through higher education. Within teacher education, this is particularly crucial, as these early conceptions can deeply influence how future educators understand and teach these concepts, highlighting the need for an approach that weaves these initial understandings into a coherent scientific framework. Instructing students on color concepts reveals that many grapple with the fundamental optical principles. These initial understandings are integral to designing educational sequences that facilitate conceptual evolution, allowing for a deeper grasp of scientific ideas. This study aimed to examine and interpret the initial conceptions that aspiring primary and secondary educators hold about color and its optical fundamentals, while also developing and applying virtual teaching resources to promote a conceptual change about these foundational concepts. A quasi‐experimental approach was employed, comprising control and experimental groups, and utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods for a comprehensive analysis. Engaging 409 trainee teachers through non‐probabilistic sampling, the study stratified participants by degree program. These groupings facilitated a comparative evaluation of the pedagogical efficacy of the educational resources developed. The study utilized an online assessment comprising single‐answer multiple‐choice questions, grounded in prior research, which was psychometrically validated. Educational tools were then developed and implemented to foster a deeper understanding of color concepts among prospective teachers. Results analysis highlighted the existence of preconceptions about color among participants from diverse educational backgrounds. The interventions employed were effective in catalyzing a shift in conceptual understanding and in elevating the knowledge levels of the trainee teachers.
Perfectionism in patients with eating disorders: The role of metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking
Authors: Palmieri Sara , Sassaroli Sandra , Ruggiero Giovanni Maria , Caselli Gabriele , Nocita Rosaria , Nikčević Ana , Spada Marcantonio M. , Mansueto Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionUsing the Self‐Regulatory Executive Function model as a basis, this study explored whether, in patients with eating disorders (EDs), metacognitions and repetitive negative thinking are associated with higher levels of perfectionisms.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐three outpatients with EDs were recruited. Perfectionism, metacognitive beliefs, worry, rumination, anger rumination, affective and eating symptoms were assessed. Correlation and hierarchal regression analyses were run.ResultsHigher endorsement of positive beliefs about worry was associated with higher levels of ‘personal standards perfectionism’. Higher endorsement of positive beliefs about worry, need to control thoughts, worry and rumination was associated with higher levels of ‘concern over mistakes perfectionism’.ConclusionsAmong patients with EDs, perfectionism appears to be associated with the endorsement of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, worry and rumination. Dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking could be suitable therapeutic targets to reduce the levels of perfectionism among patients with EDs.
Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)
Authors: Niskanen Jukka , Mahlberg Riitta , van Strien Nicolaas , Rautiainen Sari , Kivilahti Essi , Koivuranta Kari , Anghelescu‐Hakala Adina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrange peel and sugar beet pulp contain large quantities of pectin, which can be turned via galactaric acid into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its esters. In this work, we show the polymerisation of these FDCA esters into high‐molecular‐weight, 70–100 kg/mol, poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate) (PEF). PEF is an emerging bio‐based alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), widely used in for example packaging applications. Closing the loop, we also demonstrated and confirmed that PEF can be hydrolysed by enzymes, which are known to hydrolyse PET, back into FDCA for convenient recycling and recovery of monomers.
Relationships of crystallinity and reaction rates for enzymatic degradation of poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET
Authors: Schubert Sune W. , Thomsen Thore B. , Clausen Kristine S. , Malmendal Anders , Hunt Cameron J. , Borch Kim , Jensen Kenneth , Brask Jesper , Meyer Anne S. , Westh Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiocatalytic degradation of plastic waste is anticipated to play an important role in future recycling systems. However, enzymatic degradation of crystalline poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) remains consistently poor. Herein, we employed functional assays to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of this limitation. This included utilizing complementary activity assays to monitor the degradation of PET disks with varying crystallinity (XC), as well as determining enzymatic kinetic parameters for soluble PET fragments. The results indicate that an efficient PET‐hydrolase, LCCICCG, operates through an endolytic mode of action, and that its activity is limited by conformational constraints in the PET polymer. Such constraints become more pronounced at high XC values, and this limits the density of productive sites on the PET surface. Endolytic chain‐scissions are the dominant reaction type in the initial stage, and this means that little or no soluble organic product are released. However, endolytic cuts gradually and locally promote chain mobility and hence the density of attack sites on the surface. This leads to an upward concave progress curve; a behavior sometimes termed lag‐phase kinetics.
Quality not quantity: Deficient juvenile play experiences lead to altered medial prefrontal cortex neurons and sociocognitive skill deficits
Authors: Ham Jackson R. , Szabo Madeline , Annor‐Bediako Jessica , Stark Rachel A. , Iwaniuk Andrew N. , Pellis Sergio M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReduced play experience over the juvenile period leads to adults with impoverished social skills and to anatomical and physiological aberrations of the neurons found in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Even rearing rats from high‐playing strains with low‐playing strains show these developmental consequences. In the present study, we evaluated whether low‐playing rats benefit from being reared with higher playing peers. To test this, we reared male Fischer 344 rats (F344), typically thought to be a low‐playing strain, with a Long–Evans (LE) peer, a relatively high‐playing strain. As juveniles, F344 rats reared with LE rats experienced less play and lower quality play compared to those reared with another F344. As adults, the F344 rats reared with LE partners exhibited poorer social skills and the pyramidal neurons of their mPFC had larger dendritic arbors than F344 rats reared with same‐strain peers. These findings show that being reared with a more playful partner does not improve developmental outcomes of F344 rats, rather the discordance in the play styles of F344 and LE rats leads to poorer outcomes.
Chemical Strategies for the Cleavage of the C(sp3)−F Bonds in Perfluoroalkyl Groups
Authors: Doi Ryohei , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been recognized as environmental pollutants. Hence, their efficient and mild destruction is a significant research interest. While many research articles and review papers have reported the cleavage of the C(sp2)−F bonds, single C(sp3)−F bond, and CF3 groups in PFAS, in this study, limited and emerging examples of a longer perfluoroalkyl group containing at least one repeating unit of 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethylene was focused. In this Concept, we summarized recent progress on the chemical defluorination of PFAS via the cleavage of unactivated C(sp3)−F bonds in longer perfluoroalkyl groups under mild conditions (~150 °C). In addition to classical reductive defluorination, strategies featuring Lewis acid activation and the transient generation of an unsaturated bond were described.
Low‐voltage ride‐through control strategy for flywheel energy storage system
Authors: Zheng Xuechen , Wu Zhenkui , Song Gengling , Zhang Jihong , Yang Peihong , Zhang Zilei , Lu Xingsheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to its high energy storage density, high instantaneous power, quick charging and discharging speeds, and high energy conversion efficiency, flywheel energy storage technology has emerged as a new player in the field of novel energy storage. With the wide application of flywheel energy storage system (FESS) in power systems, especially under changing grid conditions, the low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) problem has become an important challenge limiting their performance. In this paper, we propose a machine‐grid side coordinated control strategy based on model predictive current control (MPCC) for the insufficient LVRT capability of traditional FESS during grid faults. Excellent dynamic properties are demonstrated by the technique, which allows the grid‐side converter output current to swiftly follow the reference current instruction. The FESS's LVRT capability is increased when the grid‐side converter uses the MPCC current inner loop rather than the proportional–integral current inner loop during grid voltage dips. This greatly increases the reactive power response speed and efficiently supports the quick recovery of grid voltage. According to simulation verification carried out by Matlab/Simulink, the suggested control approach can assure the long‐term dependable operation of the FESS during voltage dips. This study can also be used as a reference for improving the FESS's LVRT capabilities in the future.
A review of the technologies, challenges and policies implications of electric vehicles and their future development in India
Authors: Mittal Gaurav , Garg Ayush , Pareek Kapil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransportation systems worldwide heavily depend on fossil fuels, contributing to environmental issues, global emissions, and rising temperatures. Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a sustainable alternative to reduce carbon emissions. Countries, including the United States, China, Norway, and Germany, incentivize EV adoption to mitigate environmental and economic concerns. However, challenges such as limited range, extended charging times, infrastructure gaps, and higher upfront costs hinder widespread adoption. This study assesses EVs' technological advancements and reliability while analyzing India's incentives to promote their rapid adoption. A comparative analysis of India's EV policies with other nations has been presented, along with policy recommendations.
Combine to compete: Improving fiscal forecast accuracy over time
Authors: Carabotta Laura , Claeys Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBudget forecasts have become increasingly important as a tool of fiscal management to influence expectations of bond markets and the public at large. Difficulties in projecting macroeconomic variables in volatile economic times—together with political bias—thwart the accuracy of budget forecasts. Pooling information from many different forecasters can still lead to substantial gains in predictive accuracy when taking into account time variation. We combine the forecasts of both private and public agencies for Italy over the period 1993–2022, and test absolute and relative forecasting performance over time. Although forecast combinations do not necessarily result in less biased or more efficient forecasts, tracking better performing forecasters and combining their budget predictions produces significantly better predictions.
Analysis of intestinal flora in elderly Uygur patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Shan Zimei , Cheng Na , Zhu Jia , Chen Fei , Ji Jiani , Meilibana  
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to analyze the structural characteristics of the intestinal flora of elderly Uygur patients with sarcopenia, thereby providing new ideas for clinical treatment.MethodsFirstly, fecal samples were collected from 40 elderly Uygur patients with sarcopenia (Sarcopenia group) and 40 healthy people (Control group). Next, significant differences in the intestinal flora between the two groups were analyzed based on 16S rDNA high‐throughput sequencing. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to estimate the magnitude of the effect of each component (species) abundance on the differential effect. Additionally, an analysis was also performed on the relationship between the intestinal flora and the cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with sarcopenia.ResultsThe results of β diversity showed that there were differences in the structure of the intestinal flora between the two groups. Besides, the phylum level of intestinal flora between the two groups was not significantly different. However, the difference was significant in the intestinal flora at the order, family, and genus levels between the two groups. Among them, Lachnoclostridium, Photobacterium, Anaerobic Bacillus, Hydrogenophilus, and Eubacterium were enriched in the Sarcopenia group; Prevotella 9, Firmicutes FCS020 group, Streptobacillus, Aggregatibacter, Corynebacterium, Clostridium Difficile, and Haloanaerobium were enriched in the Control group. The LEfSe outcomes further showed that Lachnoclostridium was highly enriched in the Sarcopenia group; Prevotella 9 and Firmicutes FCS020 group were significantly enriched in the Control group. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Lachnoclostridium and Streptobacillus were significantly different in patients with high and low IL‐6 levels.ConclusionIn conclusion, Lachnoclostridium is significantly enriched in the intestines of elderly Uygur patients with sarcopenia; the increase in Lachnoclostridium abundance and the decrease in Streptobacillus abundance are associated with high levels of IL‐6. Therefore, abnormal intestinal flora is related to inflammatory reflexes in patients with sarcopenia.
Reliability of the sonographic evaluation for cervical length and elastography with pelvic parameters in term pregnancy by experienced operators with varying levels of experience
Authors: Sawaddisan Rapphon , Khwankaew Noppasin , Pruksanusak Ninlapa , Suntharasaj Thitima , Suwanrath Chikasaem , Pranpanus Savitree , Petpichetchian Chusana , Suksai Manaphat , Chainarong Natthicha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability of sonographic measurements of six cervical and pelvic parameters by three sonographers with varying levels of experience.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in pregnant women with a gestational age of ≥39 weeks. Each pregnant woman was examined by two sonographers with different levels of experience. Six parameters were measured: cervical length (CL), cervical strain elastography (extrinsic type), posterior cervical angle (PCA), fetal head‐to‐perineum distance (FHPD), fetal head‐to‐pubic symphysis distance (FHSD), and angle of progression (AOP). Intra‐ and interobserver reliabilities were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient with a 95% confidence interval. Pearson pairwise correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between the parameter values.ResultsIn all, 66 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. We found excellent intraobserver reliability for measurements of CL, PCA, FHPD, FHSD, and AOP and good‐to‐excellent intraobserver reliability for cervical strain values in the cross‐sectional view of the endocervix in the internal os area and cross‐sectional view of the entire cervix in the internal os area. Interobserver reliability was excellent for all pelvic parameters, except for the FHPD. Strain values were moderate to excellent in the area of the internal os. A significant negative correlation between CL and strain values at the internal os was observed.ConclusionsPelvic parameters, except for FHPD, have excellent intra‐ and interobserver reliabilities. The high reproducibility of CL and cervical strain elastography at the internal os level, with a negative correlation between these two parameters, may play an important role in predicting successful induction of labor.