bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and Information Services at Lied Library
Authors: Nozero Victoria , Finley Priscilla 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis paper summarizes the changes in the organization and services of the Research and Information Department since moving into Lied Library.Design/methodology/approachIncludes a description of reorganization and strategic planning efforts of the department, along with possible future direction for the evolution of services, space utilization and staffing.FindingsThe reality of living in the new facility, Lied Library, proved to require changes not envisioned during the planning phase. Lied Library is not a static environment. Allocation of space and the way services are provided to customers continue to evolve.Originality/valueThis paper will be helpful to others planning a new academic library, and highlights the need for ongoing planning and evaluation of services after the building project is completed. It also describes successful and less successful strategic planning efforts for an academic reference department.
Branch libraries and technology: impact of a new main library
Authors: Brown Jeanne M. , Fabbi Jennifer L. , Taranto Cheryl 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo explore the interactions between branch libraries and a new main library, in the area of technology equipment and services.Design/methodology/approachFollowing an introduction which highlights the major elements in place at UNLV Libraries for networking and equipment, each branch situation is described and evaluated.FindingsThe advantages of UNLV Libraries' philosophical approach to consistent patron access at all points of service are found to be substantial, and include regular equipment and software upgrades, as well as systems expertise. The major disadvantage proves to be flexibility in approaching patron needs.Practical implicationsProvides a philosophical basis and concrete examples of branch efforts to provide adequate technology and services to their patrons.Originality/valueUseful to branch librarians making a case for enhanced resources, or discussing possible configurations of responsibility regarding technology equipment and services.
Local online information systems in Jordanian university libraries
Authors: Razeq Mustafa Younis Abdul 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe study is concerned with gathering factual data on the use of local online information systems, automation, online connections, online public access catalogs (OPACs), CD‐ROM‐based systems in 19 Jordanian university libraries.Design/methodology/approachInformation was sought through a written questionnaire; personal interviews; literature review, and field visits. The implementation of local online information systems; OPACs, CD‐ROM databases, online searching, networks/databases subscribed to, methods of online services to users, problems and solutions are investigated.FindingsOf the 18 (94.7 percent) libraries responded, half (50 percent) are using MINISIS or CDS/ISIS, one‐third (33.3 percent) is using either M2L, or ORACLE based systems, and 3 (16.7 percent) are using locally designed packages. Technical processing, information retrieval, circulation, reference services, and serial control are the prime systems functions. All respondents are linked to the internet. A total of 15 (83.3 percent) respondents have developed collections of databases on CD‐ROMs; 11 (73.3 percent) use single‐ access, and four (26.7 percent) use multi‐user systems.Practical implicationsOnline services are provided mostly by traditional means. Lack of skilled staff, shortages of fund, and insufficient hardware are prime obstacles hindering systems optimal utilization. Outdated databases, cost, and users incompetence are problems limiting the optimal use of online systems. Developing intranet, funding, trained manpower, training courses to users, sharing subscription expenses in electronic full‐text database, and promote cooperation to exchange OPACs records through the internet, are suggested solutions to overcome these problems.Originality/valueAcademic libraries in Jordan are changing emphasis from ownership of information sources in printed forms, to the access to online databases or local area networks systems based on CD‐ROMs, to linkage with the internet as a prime gateway to information sources.
Elicitation of Ethylene by Verticillium albo‐atrum Phytotoxins in Potato
Authors: Mansoori B. , Smith C. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPetioles from a susceptible cultivar (Désirèe) of Solanum tuberosum treated with a low‐molecular mass toxin, separated from culture fluid of Verticillium albo‐atrum, produced greater quantities of ethylene than did petioles of a tolerant cultivar (Home Guard). Pretreatment of leaflets from cv. Désirèe with silver thiosulphite, which inhibits perception of ethylene, prevented the chlorosis and necrosis normally associated with exposure to the toxin. Similarly, application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) an inhibitor of aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, to petioles of cv. Désirèe reduced toxin‐induced ethylene synthesis and symptom development. The data indicate that, in part, Verticillium‐toxin acts through induction of ethylene biosynthesis in the host tissues, and different responses of susceptible and tolerant potato cultivars to V. albo‐atrum are the result of differential production of ethylene.
Corneal vascularization in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and three‐dimensional reconstruction of vessels
Authors: Harper Jennifer Y. , Samuelson Don A. , Reep Roger L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe cornea of the Florida manatee is unique and unusual in its anatomy in that blood vessels have been found throughout. In all other animal species, this is considered a pathological condition impeding vision, and is usually caused by injury or trauma. The purpose of this study was to more clearly describe corneal vascularization by examining the architecture through three‐dimensional reconstruction in order to find possible patterns in size, distribution, and location of blood vessels relative to gender, age, location, and season. Twenty‐six eyes from 22 individuals were prepared for histologic examination and subsequent three‐dimensional reconstruction. Every specimen examined had blood vessels in the cornea, comprising an average of 0.3% of total surface density (volume) of the cornea. No differences were found between individuals based on gender, age, and season. Environmental influences were not a significant factor either, which was not originally anticipated. The presence of vessels at the level of the anterior epithelium was surprising and it appeared that the vascularization was directed more anteriorly than was originally thought. The presence of blood vessels in a prenatal eye was also found. In all the eyes examined, no signs of injury or trauma could be observed. The presence of blood vessels appears to minimally impair vision based on their low density, size, and location. The association of vessels with the anterior epithelium and development of vessels within the fetus point to an evolutionary adaptation possibly due to the manatee's unique ability to move between water bodies.
Ahmed valve implantation to control intractable glaucoma after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a dog
Authors: García‐Sánchez Gustavo Adolfo , Whitley R. David , Brooks Dennis E. , Trigo Francisco , Piñón Aytzeé 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old spayed female Miniature Poodle presented with bilateral senile cataracts. Treatment was cataract removal by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Five hours after surgery the operated right eye was partially closed and painful. The right pupil was fully dilated, there was generalized corneal edema, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was increased. After 12 h of medication IOP was controlled. Ten weeks after surgery the owners reported cloudiness of right eye, and the dog was again evaluated. The IOP was again increased and an Ahmed valve was implanted. This case describes describe the progression of this case and benefits of controlling postcataract surgery glaucoma by the implantation of an Ahmed valve.
An Identification Method With Direct Acquisition of Reduced Order Model From a Steplike Response
Authors: Kosaka Manabu , Uda Hiroshi , Shibata Hiroshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a deterministic off-line identification method performed by using input and output data with a constant steady-state output response. The method can directly acquire any order of reduced model without knowing the real order of a plant, in such a way that the intermediate parameters are uniquely determined so as to be orthogonal with respect to 0-N-tuple integral values of output error and irrelevant to the unmodeled dynamics. From the intermediate parameters, the co-efficients of a rational transfer function are calculated. In consequence, the method can be executed for any linear single-input single-output plant without knowing or estimating its order at the beginning. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by numerical simulations and also by applying it to a two-mass system.
Insertional Polymorphisms of Endogenous Feline Leukemia Viruses
Authors: Roca Alfred L. , Nash William G. , Menninger Joan C. , Murphy William J. , O'Brien Stephen J. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTThe number, chromosomal distribution, and insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses (enFeLVs) were determined in four domestic cats (Burmese, Egyptian Mau, Persian, and nonbreed) using fluorescent in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. Twenty-nine distinct enFeLV loci were detected across 12 of the 18 autosomes. Each cat carried enFeLV at only 9 to 16 of the loci, and many loci were heterozygous for presence of the provirus. Thus, an average of 19 autosomal copies of enFeLV were present per cat diploid genome. Only five of the autosomal enFeLV sites were present in all four cats, and at only one autosomal locus, B4q15, was enFeLV present in both homologues of all four cats. A single enFeLV occurred in the X chromosome of the Burmese cat, while three to five enFeLV proviruses occurred in each Y chromosome. The X chromosome and nine autosomal enFeLV loci were telomeric, suggesting that ectopic recombination between nonhomologous subtelomeres may contribute to enFeLV distribution. Since endogenous FeLVs may affect the infectiousness or pathogenicity of exogenous FeLVs, genomic variation in enFeLVs represents a candidate for genetic influences on FeLV leukemogenesis in cats.
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E1
∧
E4-Induced G
2
Arrest Is Associated with Cytoplasmic Retention of Active Cdk1/Cyclin B1 Complexes
Authors: Davy Clare E. , Jackson Deborah J. , Raj Kenneth , Peh Woei Ling , Southern Shirley A. , Das Papia , Sorathia Rina , Laskey Peter , Middleton Kate , Nakahara Tomomi , Wang Qian , Masterson Phillip J. , Lambert Paul F. , Cuthill Scott , Millar Jonathan B. A. , Doorbar John 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) can cause cervical cancer. Expression of the viral E1
∧
E4 protein is lost during malignant progression, but in premalignant lesions, E1
∧
E4 is abundant in cells supporting viral DNA amplification. Expression of 16E1
∧
E4 in cell culture causes G
2
cell cycle arrest. Here we show that unlike many other G
2
arrest mechanisms, 16E1
∧
E4 does not inhibit the kinase activity of the Cdk1/cyclin B1 complex. Instead, 16E1
∧
E4 uses a novel mechanism in which it sequesters Cdk1/cyclin B1 onto the cytokeratin network. This prevents the accumulation of active Cdk1/cyclin B1 complexes in the nucleus and hence prevents mitosis. A mutant 16E1
∧
E4 (T22A, T23A) which does not bind cyclin B1 or alter its intracellular location fails to induce G
2
arrest. The significance of these results is highlighted by the observation that in lesions induced by HPV16, there is evidence for Cdk1/cyclin B1 activity on the keratins of 16E1
∧
E4-expressing cells. We hypothesize that E1
∧
E4-induced G
2
arrest may play a role in creating an environment optimal for viral DNA replication and that loss of E1
∧
E4 expression may contribute to malignant progression.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Responses in Adult Ugandans: Patterns of Cross-Clade Recognition
Authors: Barugahare Banson , Baker Chris , K'Aluoch Okumu , Donovan Richard , Elrefaei Mohamed , Eggena Mark , Jones Norman , Mutalya Steven , Kityo Cissy , Mugyenyi Peter , Cao Huyen 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or AIDS is currently the leading cause of death in Uganda, with at least three HIV clades (subtypes) accounting for most new infections. Whether an effective vaccine formulated on viruses from a single clade will be able to protect against infection from other local clades remains unresolved. We examined the T-cell immune responses from a cohort of HIV-seropositive individuals in Uganda with predominantly clade A and D infections. Surprisingly, we observed similar frequencies of cross-clade T-cell responses to the
gag
,
env
, and
nef
regions. Our data suggest that the level of viral sequence variability between distinct HIV strains does not predict the degree of cross-clade responses. High sequence homologies were also observed between consensus peptides and sequences from viral isolates, supporting the use of consensus amino acid sequences to identify immunogenic regions in studies of large populations.
Mechanisms of Nonrandom Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Double Infection: Preference in Virus Entry Is Important but Is Not the Sole Factor
Authors: Chen Jianbo , Dang Que , Unutmaz Derya , Pathak Vinay K. , Maldarelli Frank , Powell Douglas , Hu Wei-Shau 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

We previously demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is nonrandom and that double infection occurs more frequently than predicted from random events. To probe the possible mechanisms for nonrandom infection, we examined the role of HIV-1 entry pathways by using viruses pseudotyped with either CCR5-tropic HIV-1 Env or vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV G). These two proteins use different receptors and entry pathways. We found that regardless of the protein used, double infection occurred more frequently than random events, indicating nonrandom HIV-1 infection in both entry pathways. However, the frequency of double infection differed significantly, depending on the envelope protein. In primary CD4
+
T cells, double infection occurred most frequently when both viruses had CCR5-tropic HIV-1 Env and least frequently when the two viruses had different envelopes. These results indicated that the preference in virus entry was a significant but not the only factor contributing to nonrandom double infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the CD4 expression level in primary T cells affects their susceptibility to CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection but not VSV G-pseudotyped HIV-1 infection. We have also examined infection with two viruses pseudotyped with CCR5- or CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 Env and have found that double infection occurred more frequently than random events. These results indicate that coreceptor usage is not a barrier to recombination between the two virus populations. In our previous study, we also demonstrated nonrandom double infection via dendritic cell (DC)-mediated HIV-1 transmission. To test our hypothesis that multiple HIV-1 virions are transmitted during DC-T-cell contact, we used two populations of DCs, each capturing one vector virus, and added both DC populations to T cells. We observed a decreased frequency of double infection compared with experiments in which DCs captured both viruses simultaneously. Therefore, these results support our hypothesis that multiple virions are transmitted from DCs to T cells during cell-mediated HIV-1 transmission.
Nā⋅iruddīn al-Albānī on Muslim's Sahīh: A Critical Study of His Method
Authors: Amin Kamaruddin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNā⋅iruddīn al-Albānī (d. 1999) was a Muslim autodidact who devoted most of his life to the close study of prophetic hadīths. al-Albānī classified as weak hundreds of hadīths considered authentic by most Muslim scholars, including some hadīth s found in the Sahīh of Muslim. In this essay, I explain al-Albānī's method of determining that a hadīth is either authentic or spurious; d iscuss the implications of his method when applied to other hadīths; and examine the hadīths declared weak by al-Albānī from the perspective of both the traditional hadīth sciences and non-Muslim methods of dating a hadīth. Based on an analysis of 360 hadīths found in the canonical collections that were transmitted by Abū al-Zubayr from Jābir, I argue that Muslim did not regard the transmission terminology u sed by the Successors as a decisive criterion for determining whether or not a transmitter is reliable. This argument calls into question al-Albānī's method, for he used terminology as the decisive criterion for assessing the validity of transmissions. Our reexamination of one hadīth declared weak by al-Albānī, called here the Abū al-Zubayr hadīth , leads us to question the historicity of at least 125 of his hadīths in M uslim's Sahīh.
Additive Effects of the PPARγ, APOE, and FABP-2 Genes in Increasing Daylong Triglycerides of Normolipidemic Women to Concentrations Comparable to Those in Men
Authors: Ribalta Josep , Halkes Constantijn JM , Salazar Juliana , Masana Lluís , Cabezas Manuel Castro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground: Fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations vary considerably among individuals. TG metabolism is more efficient in women than in men, which may partly explain why females are protected against atherosclerosis. Our aim was to identify gender-specific genetic influences on fasting and postprandial TG concentrations under typical living conditions in healthy, lean, normolipidemic women.Methods: We studied 40 women and 48 men. Diurnal capillary TG profiles were calculated as the integrated area under the capillary TG curve averaged over 3 days. Genotypes of the FABP-2, HL, LPL, APOE, and PPARγ genes and the APOC-III, APOC-III/A-IV intergenic region were determined.Results: Three genes (FABP-2, APOE, and PPARγ) had a significant additive effect only in women. Mean TG concentrations were fourfold higher in women carriers of the PPARγ wild-type allele (P = 0.044), threefold higher in carriers of the rare FABP-2 allele (P = 0.006), and fivefold higher in carriers of the E2 allele of the APOE gene (P = 0.037) than in noncarriers. None of these effects was observed in men. The presence of two or more of these adverse alleles increased TG concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Women carriers of three adverse alleles had postprandial TG values comparable to those for men.Conclusions: An adverse combination of common alleles of the FABP-2, APOE, and PPARγ genes in women increases their TG concentrations to values comparable to those seen in men. Although this influence is not appreciable when studying fasting plasma TGs, it becomes apparent with use of a more sensitive index such as measurements made throughout the day.
Future expectations of Brasilian street youth
Authors: Raffaelli Marcela , Koller Silvia H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFuture expectations of youth surviving on the streets of Porto Alegre, Brasil, were examined. The sample consisted of 35 boys and 34 girls aged 10–18 (M age 14.4) who participated in a sentence completion task and semi‐structured interviews. Responses to two incomplete sentences regarding the future revealed a mismatch between hoped‐for and expected events. When completing the sentence, “In the future, I hope…” the majority of youth gave optimistic (but generally non‐specific) responses. In contrast, the sentence “For me, the future…” elicited more pessimistic responses. Few gender or age‐related differences emerged. Findings are discussed in light of prior research with general populations of adolescents as well as studies of street youth. Taken as a whole, results suggest that life on the street shapes and constrains how youth see their futures. Implications of the findings for policy makers and practitioners are addressed.
Women's Missionary Societies
Authors: Kent Eliza F. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter examines the extent to which evangelical Christianity empowered women missionaries and enabled them to challenge the patriarchal norms of missionary culture in India. It analyzes the conditions in the United States and Britain that gave rise to the women’s missionary project, and the theological dispositions shared by male and female missionaries of the time. It then compares the styles of two women missionaries who were motivated by two varieties of Protestant Christianity: Amy Carmichael, the Keswick missionary initially attached to the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society in Tirunelveli; and Eva Swift, a missionary sent by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to the American Madurai Mission.
Motherhood and the Home: Indian Christian Domesticity
Authors: Kent Eliza F. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter argues that Protestant Christian women in the West were intrigued by the purdah system in India, partly because it resonated with patterns of gender segregation with which they were familiar. The aspects of the gender ideology embodied in purdah that were retained in the new hybrid discourse of femininity resulting from the interaction between Protestant missionaries and representatives of elite Indian culture are examined. This is followed by an analysis of the history of the zenana missions, tracking the changes in the strategies for the reform of Indian women and their relationship to the Indian home as the focus of missions shifted from elite to low-caste women.
Civilization and Sexuality: Indian Christian Marriage
Authors: Kent Eliza F. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter examines representations of conjugality produced in three different textual genres: the administrative records of the Madras Presidency; the literature produced by educated, urban, high-caste Indian Christians; and the tracts of the first independent Christian church in south India. Marriage was an outward sign of the quality of the inner transformations of Indian Christians, with different groups adopting different forms of marriage. While the elite Satthianadhans embraced a form of marriage modeled after Western forms, the founder of the Hindu Christian Church Rev. Arumai Nayakam Sattampillai advocated a martial form of marriage drawn from conservative elements of Indian tradition.
Convictions of the Soul
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis book examines the Central American solidarity movement based on the cultural-agency approach. It also explores the challenges of organizing at the transnational level. People of faith were at the center of this movement, determined to change President Reagan’s foreign policy towards Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala. To achieve this goal, some petitioned Congress to stop aid to those responsible for human rights violations in the region. Many attended protests, marches and commemorative vigils.
Rituals and Emotional Rejuvenation
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe Central American solidarity movement began to subside in the late 1980s as the countries in the region signed peace accords and military regimes lost power. However, there often remains a group of activists who continue to organize. Their biggest challenge is sustaining commitment to a movement that has lost momentum, with the prevailing view that protest is no longer necessary or effective. In the early 1990s, Father Roy Bourgeois successfully launched a campaign that kept solidarity activism alive.