bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological response in Icelandic horses after an 8-week interval training programme with increasing intensity
Authors: Berg L.C. , Godborg J.R.T. , Cook C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Training programmes are used routinely to improve fitness and thus prevent sport related injuries in horses. Little is known about the effect of training programmes in Icelandic horses. In this study, response to training was evaluated using standardised exercise tests (SET) before and after an 8-week interval training programme with increasing intensity. 22 Icelandic horses were included of which 14 horses completed all parts of the study. SETs were performed ridden on the same oval track and included four steps in different gaits and speeds including two steps in tölt. For SET2 a third step in tölt was added at the end. Heart rate (HR) and speed (v) were measured continuously during both SETs, and V140 and V180 were calculated for tölt. Blood lactate concentration was measured after step four in both SETs. Horses were divided into two fitness groups (‘low’ and ‘high’) based on blood lactate concentrations in SET1. The ‘low’ group had blood lactate concentrations >4 mmol/l. V140 (speed at HR140) and V180 were equal between groups in SET1. Interval programmes were adjusted to each fitness group to avoid injury to less fit horses. After 8 weeks of training, blood lactate concentration decreased significantly for the ‘low’ group (), and there was no longer a difference between groups. Between SET1 and SET2, V180 increased significantly for the ‘high’ group (). In conclusion, the interval training programme resulted in a decrease in blood lactate concentration in the ‘low’ group and an increase in V180 in the ‘high’ group suggesting an improved fitness level and cardiovascular capacity.
Translingualism and Histories of Violence in Francophone Algerian Writing
Authors: Hiddleston Jane 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article explores the complexity of translingualism in francophone Algerian writing and offers a close reading of Assia Djebar’s Vaste est la prison (1995) to demonstrate the variegated ways in which characters experience the interaction between languages in Algerian history. Drawing on thinkers such as Stefan Helgesson and Christina Kullberg, the article conceptualises ‘translingualism’ not so much as a sign of linguistic mastery, as has been the case in some earlier studies, but as a series of ‘events’ in which encounters between languages either blur or foreground boundaries in various ways at moments in texts where the history of Western imperialism and postcolonialism also play a role. This notion of events informs a reading of francophone Algerian writing, and in particular of Djebar, attentive to the subtle mingling and friction between languages as individuals use them in multiple and changing ways.
The Circumglobal Transport of Massive African Dust and Its Impacts on the Regional Circulation in Remote Atmosphere
Authors: Bi Hongru , Chen Siyu , Zhang Daizhou , Wang Yong , Kang Litai , Alam Khan , Tang Mingjin , Chen Yu , Zhang Yue , Wang Danfeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric dust from North Africa, the largest and most persistently active dust source over the world, spreads widely in the Northern Hemisphere and plays essential roles in the Earth environment evolution. During 7–24 June 2020, an extremely strong dust event occurred with its westward spreading modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its eastward spreading regulated by European blocking, ultimately resulting in the circumglobal transport of African dust. The Mediterranean low pressure linked to the European blocking dipole was the key to facilitating the eastward transport of dust. This record-breaking African dust episode caused a notable diurnal precipitation decrease of 0.98 mm day−1 over northeastern India and a decrease of 1.55 mm day−1 over central North America, which was ascribed to the effect of dust-induced radiative heating on large-scale circulation. It triggered a Rossby wave train and caused anomalous high pressure over northeastern India, which weakened the India summer monsoon and consequently inhibited the occurrence of precipitation. Dust-induced radiative heating also supported the stability in the anomalous warm high over North America, further repressing import of moisture from Atlantic. Ambient moisture and atmospheric instability also presented consistent variation over North America and India characterized as strengthen descending motion and sharply reduced moist convection. This study reports, for the first time, the strong modulation of regional circulation by circumglobally transported African dust, especially in Asia and North America. The new aspects on the unexpected consequences on moisture convection indicate broader roles that the dust may play in the global climate change.
Thermal and Mechanical Effects of the Southeast Asian Low-Latitude Highlands on the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Yang Yu , Wen Dayong , Gui Shu , Yang Ruowen , Cao Jie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The thermal and mechanical effects of the regional orography have long been recognized as the two most important factors driving the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands (SEALLH) are a warmer and wetter highland region adjacent to the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the importance of the individual contributions of the thermal and mechanical effects of the SEALLH to the EASM is still unclear. Results of numerical experiments show that the thermal effect of the SEALLH contribute to the precipitation and upper-tropospheric circulation of the EASM by roughly the same magnitude as the mechanical effect of the SEALLH, when its original height is reduced by 50%. The thermal effect of the SEALLH influences the EASM by exciting an East Asia–Pacific-like teleconnection, whereas the mechanical effect of the SEALLH impacts the EASM by exciting an equivalent barotropic Bay of Bengal–East Asia–Pacific-like teleconnection. This study could provide a new perspective for a better understanding of the EASM.

Significance Statement
Recent studies have shown that the mountains adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau have significant effects on the Asian summer monsoon, although these mountains are much lower in elevation and smaller in extent than the Tibetan Plateau. The Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands (SEALLH), located on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, influence the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) via both thermal and mechanical effects. However, the individual thermal and mechanical contributions to the EASM have not yet been clarified. Numerical experiments designed specifically for the SEALLH, which is warmer and wetter than the Tibetan Plateau, show that the thermal effect of the SEALLH on precipitation and the upper-tropospheric circulation over the EASM region is roughly equivalent to the mechanical effect of the SEALLH when its original height was reduced by 50%, but via different physical processes. The thermal effect of the SEALLH induces southerly wind anomalies between the SEALLH and the western North Pacific, influencing the EASM by exciting an East Asia–Pacific-like wave train. The mechanical effect of the SEALLH influences the EASM by exciting an equivalent barotropic Bay of Bengal–East Asia–Pacific-like wave train.
Jumpiness in Ensemble Forecasts of Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Tracks
Authors: Richardson David S. , Cloke Hannah L. , Methven John A. , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We investigate the run-to-run consistency (jumpiness) of ensemble forecasts of tropical cyclone tracks from three global centers: ECMWF, the Met Office, and NCEP. We use a divergence function to quantify the change in cross-track position between consecutive ensemble forecasts initialized at 12-h intervals. Results for the 2019–21 North Atlantic hurricane season show that the jumpiness varied substantially between cases and centers, with no common cause across the different ensemble systems. Recent upgrades to the Met Office and NCEP ensembles reduced their overall jumpiness to match that of the ECMWF ensemble. The average divergence over the set of cases provides an objective measure of the expected change in cross-track position from one forecast to the next. For example, a user should expect on average that the ensemble mean position will change by around 80–90 km in the cross-track direction between a forecast for 120 h ahead and the updated forecast made 12 h later for the same valid time. This quantitative information can support users’ decision-making, for example, in deciding whether to act now or wait for the next forecast. We did not find any link between jumpiness and skill, indicating that users should not rely on the consistency between successive forecasts as a measure of confidence. Instead, we suggest that users should use ensemble spread and probabilistic information to assess forecast uncertainty, and consider multimodel combinations to reduce the effects of jumpiness.

Significance Statement
Forecasting the tracks of tropical cyclones is essential to mitigate their impacts on society. Numerical weather prediction models provide valuable guidance, but occasionally there is a large jump in the predicted track from one run to the next. This jumpiness complicates the creation and communication of consistent forecast advisories and early warnings. In this work we aim to better understand forecast jumpiness and we provide practical information to forecasters to help them better use the model guidance. We show that the jumpiest cases are different for different modeling centers, that recent model upgrades have reduced forecast jumpiness, and that there is not a strong link between jumpiness and forecast skill.
Hope and illness expectations: A cross-sectional study in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Loučka Martin , Althouse Andrew D , Arnold Robert M , Smith Thomas J , Smith Kenneth J , White Douglas B , Rosenzweig Margaret Q , Schenker Yael 
Published: December 2023

Background: The fear of taking away hope hinders clinicians’ willingness to share serious news with patients with advanced disease. Unrealistic illness expectations, on the other hand, can complicate decision making and end-of-life care outcomes. Exploration of the association between hope and illness expectations can support clinicians in better communication with their patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore whether realistic illness expectations are associated with reduced hope in people with advanced cancer. Design: This is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a primary palliative care cluster-randomized trial CONNECT (data collected from July 2016 to October 2020). Hope was measured by Herth Hope Index. Illness expectations were measured by assessing patients’ understanding of their treatment goals, life expectancy, and terminal illness acknowledgement. Multivariable regression was performed, adjusting for demographical and clinical confounders. Setting/participants: Adult patients with advanced solid cancers recruited across 17 oncology clinics. Results: Data from 672 patients were included in the study, with mean age of 69.3 years (±10.2), 53.6% were female. Proportion of patients indicating realistic expectations varied based on which question was asked from 10% to 46%. Median level of hope was 39 (IQR = 36–43). Multivariate non-inferiority regression did not find any significant differences in hope between patients with more and less realistic illness expectations. Conclusions: Our results suggest that hope can be sustained while holding both realistic and unrealistic illness expectations. Communication about serious news should focus on clarifying the expectations as well as supporting people’s hopes.
Healthy siblings’ perspectives about paediatric palliative care: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Rajendran Priyadharshni , Jarasiunaite-Fedosejeva Gabija , İsbir Gözde Gökçe , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: December 2023

Background: Siblings of children requiring palliative care are often forgotten and overlooked, as the focus tends to be on the ill child and their parents. Limited knowledge of non-bereaved siblings’ perspectives makes it challenging to provide appropriate support for them. A review of existing literature is thus needed to better understand the experiences of these siblings and to identify research gaps that may require further examination. Aim: To consolidate the available qualitative evidence on the perspectives of non-bereaved healthy siblings regarding paediatric palliative care. Design: A qualitative systematic review using a meta-synthesis approach was conducted. Data sources: Six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) were searched from each database’s inception date until October 2022. The search included qualitative and mixed-method studies that reported the perceptions and associations of siblings of patients receiving paediatric palliative care. Data were synthesised using thematic analysis. Results: Eleven studies were included. The overarching theme of the review would be ‘A walking shadow: Living in the darkness shaped by the dying sibling’, and three key themes and nine subthemes were identified from the included articles: (1) Changing family dynamics; (2) Impact on school and socialisation and (3) Psychological impact and coping. Conclusion: Siblings demonstrated negative psychological impacts and were affected by changing family structure and relationships. However, socialisation with society, and varied coping skills such as cognitive coping and using distraction techniques, were significant for siblings to go through this journey and even led to some positive outcomes for them.
Relationship of Decisional Conflict About Driving Habits Between Older Adult Drivers and Their Family Members and Close Friends
Authors: Fowler Nicole R. , Johnson Rachel L. , Peterson Ryan , Schroeder Matthew W. , Omeragic Faris , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Han S. Duke , Hill Linda , Betz Marian E. 
Published: December 2023

This study examines the relationship of decisional conflict about driving habits between older adult drivers (≥70 years old) and their family members and close friends. This secondary analysis utilizes data originating from a multi-site randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of a driving decision aid (DDA) intervention. Decisional conflict about stopping or changing driving habits for drivers was measured with the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). Dyadic associations between drivers’ and study partners’ (SPs’) DCS scores were analyzed using an actor-partner interdependence model. Among 228 driver-SP dyads, Dyadic DCS was correlated at baseline ( r = .18, p < .01), and pre-intervention DCS was associated with post-intervention DCS ( p < .001 for SPs [β = .73] and drivers [β = .73]). Drivers’ baseline DCS and SPs’ post-intervention DCS were slighly correlated (β = .10; p = .036). Higher decisional conflict about driving among older drivers is frequently shared by their SPs. Shared decisional conflict may persist beyond intervening to support decision-making about driving cessation.
Synthesis of polymethyl methacrylate/depolymerized polyethylene terephthalate blend reinforced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles for dental fillings applications
Authors: Jawad Doaa S , Nassir Nassier A , Alzuhairi Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to use recycled waste materials to modify the performance of composites used as dental fillings. For this purpose, depolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (DPET) polymers were prepared by recycling waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using the glycolysis process. DPET was then blended with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) at different weight percentages. Polymer blends were subjected to mechanical, physical, and biological tests. It is evident that PMMA blended with a 5 wt% of DPET exhibits the highest compressive strength which is approximately two times that obtained from neat PMMA, highlighting the suitability of these resins to replace amalgam and to be considered for dental restorations. It was also found that the water absorption of the blends investigated is relatively stable at 5 wt% DPET. The SEM images showed no distinguishable phases, highlighting the high compatibility between DPET and PMMA. The biological tests, including in vitro cytotoxicity, showed that the cell viability mean values of PMMA containing 5 wt% DPET is higher than that of control group. Interestingly, in dental practice, the reliable in vitro cytotoxic approach is considered as an important aid in clinical procedures in the use of dental filling systems. The microbiology study has shown that the inhibition zones against Streptococcus mutans of PMMA: 5 wt% DPET is higher than the control group. According to the obtained results, the blend of PMMA: 5 wt% DPET was selected as an optimum blend, which was then reinforced with various weight percentages of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2). The composites were then tested under compression, microhardness, and impact tests. The results demonstrated the significant impact of TiO2 on enhancing the properties of the composites investigated. This can provide a new protocol for synthesizing nanocomposite materials for dentistry.
FDI and Growth: A Re-look at Evidence on Developing Economies
Authors: Majumder Trina , Roy Saikat Sinha 
Published: December 2023

Using cross-country data, this article investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth in developing economies during globalisation. The study adopts an approach different from existing studies by categorising countries from Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean based on FDI growth and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth relationship in the two phases: 1991–2004 and 2005–2019. In a sample of 29 countries, the least-squares dummy variable (LSDV) estimation shows a significant negative relationship between FDI and per capita GDP controlling for both country-specific and time-specific effects and various other factors including gross domestic capital formation, inflation, physical infrastructure, human capital, trade openness, financial development and governance. This study confirms the positive impact of FDI in the earlier phase, while a significant negative impact in the later phase. The observed negative relationship holds for sub-sets of the sample countries for the entire period. These results are despite the importance of human capital, infrastructure, financial development, trade openness and governance along with FDI. These developing countries thus need to formulate complementary domestic economic policies, including institutional changes, which complement foreign direct investment in promoting per capita growth. JEL: F21, F43, O11, C23
Bone-Anchored Maxillary Protraction for Adolescents with Cleft Palate and Class III Malocclusion: A Case Series
Authors: Chin Madeline G. , Gishen Kriya E. , Bedar Meiwand , Huang Kelly X. , LaGuardia Jonnby S. , Moghadam Shahrzad , Lee Justine C. , Panchura Juliana , Wilson Libby F. 
Published: December 2023

To describe the long-term treatment course of bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) and evaluate orthognathic surgical indications after BAMP Retrospective case series Craniofacial/Cleft Palate Program at the Orthopaedic Institute for Children in Los Angeles, CA Twelve male patients with cleft palate (CP), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), or bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and Class III malocclusion treated with BAMP (mean age: 11.4 ± 2.6 years) were included. BAMP treatment was performed by placement of bone-anchored maxillary and mandibular plates connected with intraoral Class III dental elastics or maxillary plates connected to a facemask. We retrospectively assessed BAMP treatment variables, including age at surgery, revision surgeries, and treatment duration. The primary goal was correction to class I occlusion. Twelve patients underwent BAMP treatment for an average of 4.4 ± 2.4 years. Two patients were corrected to class I occlusion at the time of this report. Le Fort I advancement was no longer required in two patients (16.7%), it was required for nine patients (75.0%) and was completed for one patient following BAMP treatment (8.3%). This preliminary report demonstrated that BAMP treatment may be associated with a minimal reduction in the requirement for Le Fort I advancement at skeletal maturity. Future studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm this association.
Gait pattern in patients treated with a total hip arthroplasty due to an acute displaced cervical neck fracture: a randomised comparison between 29 cases with a cemented femoral stem and 16 cases with an uncemented femoral stem
Authors: Zügner Roland , Tranberg Roy , Sharegi Bita , Kärrholm Johan 
Published: December 2023

Background: The choice between cemented or uncemented stem fixation in the treatment of a femoral neck fracture may influence patient rehabilitation and the resulting gait pattern, due to potential differences in implant positioning and fixation. We used gait analysis to study temporal gait parameters, hip kinematics and kinetics in patients who, 2 years previously, had been randomised to treatment with a cemented or uncemented stem and due to an acute femoral neck fracture. Methods: 45 Patients implanted with a cemented Lubinus SP II ( n = 29) and an uncemented ( n = 16) Corail stem were studied. Gait analysis was performed using a 16-camera motion capture system and force plates. 28 subjects served as controls. Temporal gait parameters, hip kinematics and kinetics were analysed. The patients had no or minimum pain (median Harris pain score 44, range 40–44) and the majority had no limp (median Harris limp score 11, range 5–11). Results: Temporospatial gait parameters and abduction-adduction motions and moments did not differ between patients with cemented or uncemented stems ( p  > 0.05). Patients with cemented stems did, however, show more hip flexion and less extension during walking than those with an uncemented stem ( p < 0.05). Moreover, the flexion-extension range was less in the cemented group ( p < 0.04). Compared with controls, the hip fracture patients walked more slowly, with a shorter stride length and a longer stance phase. Conclusions: Increased hip flexion and reduced extension in patients using the Lubinus SP II cemented stem could be an effect of its anteverted neck, but this question requires further study. Despite acute treatment with THA, hip fracture patients demonstrated a change in gait pattern compared with controls 2 years after the operation. This suggests that these changes are caused by the presence of an implant, or the soft-tissue trauma partly caused by the surgery than by any degenerative disease present in patients undergoing elective surgery. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04791605