bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation of White Matter Hyperintensities to implicit learning in healthy older adults
Authors: Aizenstein H. J. , Nebes R. D. , Meltzer C. C. , Fukui M. B. , Williams R. L. , Saxton J. , Houck P. R. , Carter C. S. , Reynolds C. F. , DeKosky S. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether MRI evidence of cerebrovascular disease in the form of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) was associated with decreased implicit sequence learning performance in a high‐functioning group of normal elderly volunteers.MethodOne hundred and eight community‐dwelling elderly individuals received an MRI and performed an implicit sequence learning task, the serial reaction time (SRT) task.ResultsHyperintensities present in the white matter were associated with a decreased learning effect. This association was found with both deep white matter and periventricular changes. Other factors affecting SRT performance (i.e., baseline reaction time and switch‐cost) were not significantly related to the presence of WMH.ConclusionsThe results indicate that in addition to previously identified generalized cognitive deficits, WMH are also associated with a specific decrease in the implicit learning of sequences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for making group inferences from functional MRI data using independent component analysis
Authors: Calhoun V.D. , Adali T. , Pearlson G.D. , Pekar J.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) is a promising analysis method that is being increasingly applied to fMRI data. A principal advantage of this approach is its applicability to cognitive paradigms for which detailed models of brain activity are not available. Independent component analysis has been successfully utilized to analyze single‐subject fMRI data sets, and an extension of this work would be to provide for group inferences. However, unlike univariate methods (e.g., regression analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics), ICA does not naturally generalize to a method suitable for drawing inferences about groups of subjects. We introduce a novel approach for drawing group inferences using ICA of fMRI data, and present its application to a simple visual paradigm that alternately stimulates the left or right visual field. Our group ICA analysis revealed task‐related components in left and right visual cortex, a transiently task‐related component in bilateral occipital/parietal cortex, and a non‐task‐related component in bilateral visual association cortex. We address issues involved in the use of ICA as an fMRI analysis method such as: (1) How many components should be calculated? (2) How are these components to be combined across subjects? (3) How should the final results be thresholded and/or presented? We show that the methodology we present provides answers to these questions and lay out a process for making group inferences from fMRI data using independent component analysis. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:140–151, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of n‐(thio)phosphoryl‐n′‐2‐benzoxazolyl semicarbazides
Authors: Chen Wen‐Bin , Jin Gui‐Yu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe prepared the benzoxazole derivatives bearing the (thio) phosphoryl moiety by addition reactions of 2‐hydrazionbenzoxazole with isothiocyanato (thio) phosphates and characterized their structures by elementary analysis and 1H NMR and IR spectral data. From the results of biological activity screening, we found that these compounds possess some herbicidal, and plant growth regulator activities, and especially good fungicidal activity against Puccinia recondita. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:151–155, 2001
Synthesis and bioactivity of novel triazolo [1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives[3]
Authors: Yang Guangfu , Xu Li , Lu Aihong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an attempt to discover novel compounds with high herbicidal activity and low toxicity, a series of novel 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives, α‐(5,7‐dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐2‐thio)acetamides 3 and α‐(5,7‐dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐2‐sul‐fonyl)acetamides 4, have been designed and synthesized by a three‐step synthetic route. The structures of all compounds prepared were confirmed by elemental analyses and by 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. The results of preliminary bioassay indicate that the title compounds possess good herbicidal activity against rape (Brassica campestris L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloca crusgalli L.) © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:491–496, 2001
Representing uncertainty: the role of cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves
Authors: Fenwick Elisabeth , Claxton Karl , Sculpher Mark 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDecision‐making in health care is inevitably undertaken in a context of uncertainty concerning the effectiveness and costs of health care interventions and programmes. One method that has been suggested to represent this uncertainty is the cost‐effectiveness acceptability curve. This technique, which directly addresses the decision‐making problem, has advantages over confidence interval estimation for incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios. However, despite these advantages, cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves have yet to be widely adopted within the field of economic evaluation of health care technologies. In this paper we consider the relationship between cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves and decision‐making in health care, suggest the introduction of a new concept more relevant to decision‐making, that of the cost‐effectiveness frontier, and clarify the use of these techniques when considering decisions involving multiple interventions. We hope that as a result we can encourage the greater use of these techniques. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there a kink in consumers' threshold value for cost‐effectiveness in health care?
Authors: O'Brien Bernie J. , Gertsen Kirsten , Willan Andrew R. , Faulkner A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground: A reproducible observation is that consumers' willingness‐to‐accept (WTA) monetary compensation to forgo a program is greater than their stated willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for the same benefit. Several explanations exist, including the psychological principle that the utility of losses weighs heavier than gains. We sought to quantify the WTP–WTA disparity from published literature and explore implications for cost‐effectiveness analysis accept–reject thresholds in the south‐west quadrant of the cost‐effectiveness plane (less effect, less cost).Methods: We reviewed published studies (health and non‐health) to estimate the ratio of WTA to WTP for the same program benefit for each study and to determine if WTA is consistently greater than WTP in the literature.Results: WTA/WTP ratios were greater than unity for every study we reviewed. The ratios ranged from 3.2 to 89.4 for environmental studies (n=7), 1.9 to 6.4 for health care studies (n=2), 1.1 to 3.6 for safety studies (n=4) and 1.3 to 2.6 for experimental studies (n=7).Conclusions: Given that WTA is greater than WTP based on individual preferences, should not societal preferences used to determine cost‐effectiveness thresholds reflect this disparity? Current convention in cost‐effectiveness analysis is that any given accept–rejection criterion (e.g. $50 k/QALY gained) is symmetric – a straight line through the origin of the cost‐effectiveness plane. The WTA–WTP evidence suggests a downward ‘kink’ through the origin for the south‐west quadrant, such that the ‘selling price’ of a QALY is greater than the ‘buying price’. The possibility of ‘kinky cost‐effectiveness’ decision rules and the size of the kink merits further exploration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrepancies in frozen section mucosal margin tissue in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cooley Michele L. , Hoffman Henry T. , Robinson Robert A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck surgeons commonly request frozen sections. Practice patterns vary from laboratory to laboratory on how the tissue is used in performing the frozen section. Some pathologists wish to see all the material submitted by consuming it completely during frozen section, whereas others reserve some for permanent section. We wished to determine whether knowledge of margin status was initially inaccurate because of reserving tissue for permanent section.MethodsSixty‐five laryngectomies (total and partial) with margin assessment enhanced by frozen section evaluation were studied. Forty‐five laryngectomy specimens, generating 249 frozen sections in which a permanent section was prepared from tissue remaining from frozen section examination, were studied.ResultsFive of the 249 frozen sections contained a discrepancy between the frozen section and permanent section because of insufficient leveling of the frozen section block. These five discrepancies were called negative on frozen section, but permanent section revealed dysplasia (two cases of mild dysplasia, one case with moderate dysplasia, and one case with severe dysplasia) or carcinoma in situ (one case). Twenty laryngectomies in which the frozen section tissue was consumed at the time of frozen section generated 103 frozen sections. In eight of the frozen sections involving six cases, the diagnostic tissue was not present on one or two of the frozen section levels examined.ConclusionsWe conclude that in examining margins for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma the frozen section tissue should be completely sampled by examining several levels at the time of frozen section. This requires consuming or exhausting the frozen section tissue rather than reserving any remaining frozen tissue for a paraffin‐embedded permanent section. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 262–267, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10024
Pain as sign of recurrent disease in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Smit Miriam , Balm Alfonsus J. M. , Hilgers Frans J. M. , Tan I. Bing 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe role of pain in head and neck cancer is seldom addressed. This retrospective study examined in a group of 190 curatively treated patients to what extent pain complaints should be considered to be the first sign of recurrent disease.MethodsThe research population exists of 95 patients with a recurrent head and neck carcinoma and control group matched for age, gender, primary tumor, and duration of follow‐up.ResultsOf the patients with proven recurrent disease, 70% reported pain complaints as the first symptom. In 35% of these cases, the complaints concerned referred pain, whereas in 65% localized pain complaints in the head and neck were registered. The median interval between reporting localized pain complaints and histologic confirmation of recurrence was 4 months. In the case of referred pain, this delay was 2.5 months. No statistically significant correlation between pain complaints and site of recurrence could be demonstrated. Only 2% of the control group reported pain complaints.ConclusionsThis study confirms that each pain complaint after intentional curative treatment should be regarded as a warning sign. Recurrence of disease without preceding pain complaints (30%) emphasizes the importance of a thorough follow‐up. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 372–375, 2001.
A case of primitive floor of the mouth paraganglioma in a child: An embryological theory unifying viscerocranium appended paragangliomas
Authors: Charrier Jean‐Baptiste , Bertolus Chloé , Buisson Thierry , Couly Gérard , Bennaceur Sélim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundParagangliomas are unusual tumors in the head and neck originating from the paraganglia or glomus cells of neural crest origin.MethodsWe describe the first case of a primitive paraganglioma of the floor of the mouth presenting in childhood.ResultsComplete surgical removal was performed after embolization of the left lingual artery. There was no evidence of either persistent or recurrent disease 5 years after surgery. The embryologic and anatomic origins of head and neck paragangliomas are reviewed.ConclusionsAn embryologic theory based on the common neural crest origin and migration pathways of both autonomic viscerocranium appended ganglias and paragangliomas is proposed that unifies the topographically heterogeneous group of viscerocranium‐appended paragangliomas. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 510–513, 2001.
Radioimmunotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Initial experience
Authors: Colnot David R. , Quak Jasper J. , Roos Jan C. , de Bree Remco , Wilhelm Abraham J. , Snow Gordon B. , van Dongen Guus A. M. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundDespite improvements in locoregional treatment of stages III/IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), local and distant failure rates remain high. An effective adjuvant therapy is required for these patients. Among novel approaches is radioimmunotherapy, in which monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are used for selective delivery of radiation to tumor cells.MethodsThe suitability of 186Re‐labeled chimeric MAb U36 (186Re‐cMAb U36) for radioimmunotherapy was evaluated in a phase I study, with radiation dose escalating steps of 11, 27, and 41 mCi/m2. Tumor targeting was monitored with a gamma camera, and the maximum tolerated dose was established in 13 patients with recurrent or metastatic disease.ResultsAdministrations were well tolerated, and excellent targeting of tumor lesions was seen. Myelotoxicity was the only toxicity observed, resulting in dose‐limiting toxicity in two patients treated with 41 mCi/m2. The MTD was established at 27 mCi/m2. A marked reduction in tumor size was observed in two patients, another showed stable disease for 6 months.ConclusionsRadioimmunotherapy with 186Re‐cMAb U36 seems to be well tolerated, with bone marrow being the dose‐limiting organ. The observation of antitumor effects is encouraging for further development of radioimmunotherapy for HNSCC. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 559–565, 2001.
The developmental work
Authors: Hvid Helge , Møller Niels 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the 1990s, the concept of Developmental Work (DW) has shifted the focus of Danish labor market attention from wages and working time toward work and production. For employees, DW promises a range of possibilities both for improving the working environment and for their involvement in strategic decisions, as well as aspects associated with the social responsibility of the firm. For firms, DW promises increased competitiveness and improved products. In this article we present the concept of DW as one that encourages the development of flexible production and furthers democracy at work. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The action plan against repetitive work— An industrial relation strategy for improving the working environment
Authors: Hasle Peter , Møller Niels 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Danish Action Plan against Repetitive Work is presented and discussed as a possible new strategy for regulating repetitive work as well as other complicated working environment problems. The article is based on an empirical evaluation of the Action Plan. The assessment of the Action Plan indicates that a measurable reduction of repetitive work has been achieved, while recognizing that new management strategies focusing on human resource development have also played an important role. These results are used to suggest that—under certain conditions—a combination of state regulation and industrial relation agreements can be used to regulate other working environment problems. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Developmental expression of potassium‐channel subunit Kv3.2 within subpopulations of mouse hippocampal inhibitory interneurons
Authors: Tansey Emily Phillips , Chow Alan , Rudy Bernardo , McBain Chris J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe developmental expression of the voltage‐gated potassium channel subunit, Kv3.2, and its localization within specific mouse hippocampal inhibitory interneuron populations were determined using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques. Using immunoblotting techniques, the Kv3.2 protein was weakly detected at postnatal age day 7 (P7), and full expression was attained at P21 in tissue extracts from homogenized hippocampal preparations. A similar developmental profile was observed using immunohistochemical techniques in hippocampal tissue sections. Kv3.2 protein expression was clustered on the somata and proximal dendrites of presumed inhibitory interneurons. Using double immunofluorescence, Kv3.2 subunit expression was detected on subpopulations of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. Kv3.2 was detected in ∼100% of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons, 86% of interneurons expressing nitric oxide synthase, and ∼50% of somatostatin‐immunoreactive cells. Kv3.2 expression was absent from both calbindin‐ and calretinin‐containing interneurons. Using immunoprecipitation, we further demonstrate that Kv3.2 and its related subunit Kv3.1b are coexpressed within the same protein complexes in the hippocampus. These data demonstrate that potassium channel subunit Kv3.2 expression is developmentally regulated in a specific set of interneurons. The vast majority of these interneuron subpopulations possess a “fast‐spiking” phenotype, consistent with a role for currents through Kv3.2 containing channels in determining action potential kinetics in these cells. Hippocampus 2002;12:137–148. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative sparing of item recognition memory in a patient with adult‐onset damage limited to the hippocampus
Authors: Mayes A.R. , Holdstock J.S. , Isaac C.L. , Hunkin N.M. , Roberts N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is disagreement about whether selective hippocampal lesions in humans cause clear item recognition as well as recall deficits. Whereas Reed and Squire (Behav Neurosci 1997;111:667–775) found that patients with adult‐onset relatively selective hippocampal lesions showed clear item recognition deficits, Vargha‐Khadem et al. (Science 1997;277:376–380, Soc Neurosci Abstr 1998;24:1523) found that 3 patients who suffered selective hippocampal damage in early childhood showed clear recall deficits, but had relatively normal item recognition. Manns and Squire (Hippocampus 1999;9:495–499) argued, however, that item recognition may have been spared in these patients because the early onset of their pathology allowed compensatory mechanisms to develop. Therefore, to determine whether early lesion onset is critical for the relative sparing of item recognition and to determine whether its occurrence is influenced by task factors, we extensively examined item recognition in patient Y.R., who has pathology of adult‐onset restricted to the hippocampus. Like the developmental cases, she showed clear free recall deficits on 34 tests, but her item recognition on 43 tests was relatively spared, and markedly less disrupted than her recall. Her item recognition performance relative to that of her controls was not significantly influenced by whether tests tapped visual or verbal materials, had a yes/no or forced‐choice format, contained few or many items, had one or several foils per target item, used short or very long delays, or were difficult or easy for normal subjects. Interestingly, YR's bilateral hippocampal destruction was greater than at least 2 of the 3 patients of Manns and Squire (Hippocampus 1999;9:495–499). The possible reasons why item recognition differs across patients with relatively selective hippocampal damage of adult‐onset and how the reasons that are truly critical can be best identified are discussed. Hippocampus 2002;12:325–340. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The equity impacts of community financing activities in three African countries
Authors: Gilson Lucy , Kalyalya Denny , Kuchler Felix , Lake Sally , Oranga Hezron , Ouendo Marius 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the Bamako Initiative from its very beginning was caught up in wider debates about the potential equity impact of any form of user financing, to date there has been little empirical investigation of this impact. This three‐country study, undertaken in Benin, Kenya and Zambia in 1994/95, was initiated to add to the body of relevant evidence. It sought to understand not only what had been the equity impacts of community financing activities in these countries but also how they had been brought about. As a result, it investigated equity primarily through consideration of the design of these financing activities and through the perceptions of different actors, within a limited number of purposively selected geographical areas in each country, about their strengths and weaknesses. Additional data on utilization were either collected during the course of the study (Kenya) or drawn from other available studies (Benin and Zambia). Key issues considered in the studies' assessment of equity were the extent to which both relative and absolute affordability gains were achieved, as well as as an influence over both the distributional and procedural justice of the financing activities, the pattern of decision‐making. Across countries there was evidence of relative affordability gains in Benin and Kenya, but Kenyan gains were not sustained over time and no such gains were identified in Zambia. In addition, no country had given attention either to the issue of absolute affordability, through the implementation of effective exemption mechanisms to protect the poorest from the burden of payment, or to the establishment of community decision‐making bodies that effectively represented the interests of all groups including the poorest. Overall, therefore, although the Benin Bamako Initiative programme might be judged as successful in terms of what appear to be its own equity objectives, the other two countries' schemes had clear equity problems even in these terms. The experience across countries also highlights the unresolved question of whether equity is concerned with the greatest good for the greatest number or with promoting the interests of the most disadvantaged. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing Individual Performance in Work Groups
Authors: Liden Robert C. , Wayne Sandy J. , Kraimer Maria L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis research was driven by the question, “In empowered work groups, who should be responsible for determining disciplinary actions in response to group member poor performance: the formal manager, a single group member, or the group as a whole?” Results in a study of 231 group members representing 41 groups from four diverse organizations showed that the severity of disciplinary actions made by formal managers is equivalent to actions taken by groups through consensus decision‐making. Selecting one member of the group, however, to handle a poorly performing member resulted in relatively lenient disciplinary actions. Consistent with this finding, the attitude survey results revealed that individual group members are reluctant to assume responsibility for disciplining a poorly performing group member. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.