bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paranasal sinus tumors: Peter maccallum cancer institute experience
Authors: Porceddu Sandro , Martin Jarad , Shanker Gowrie , Weih LeAnn , Russell Christine , Rischin Danny , Corry June , Peters Lester 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the local control, pattern of recurrence, overall survival, and prognostic factors of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) and nasal cavity (NC) presenting to our center for curative treatment over a 10‐year period.Methods.Between 1991 and 2000, 60 patients with SCC (n= 32), adenocarcinoma (n= 25), and undifferentiated carcinoma (n= 3) of the PNS or NC were identified. Forty patients received surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, four surgery alone; 11, radiotherapy alone; three radical radiotherapy after surgical recurrence; one, chemoradiotherapy and surgery; and one, induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy.Results.Forty‐seven patients (78%) were seen with T3–4 disease; however, most (92%) were node negative on initial assessment. The predominant failure pattern was local disease persistence or recurrence. The estimated 2‐ and 5‐year local control rates were 63% and 49%, respectively. Orbital and neural invasion significantly affected local control. The estimated 2‐ and 5 year overall survival rates were 57% and 40%, respectively.Conclusions.Local failure remains the dominant cause for poor outcome in this group of patients. Because of the proximity of critical normal structures, the ability to perform adequate surgery and to deliver effective radiotherapy is limited in many cases. The use of postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy warrants further investigation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck26:322–330, 2004.
Use of single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to identify a novel region of loss on chromosome 6q in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity
Authors: Tong Betty C. , Dhir Karan , Ha Patrick K. , Westra William H. , Alter Blanche P. , Sidransky David , Koch Wayne M. , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground.A subset of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), often of young age yet lacking a history of carcinogen exposure, has been identified, with no clear etiology for tumor development.Methods.To identify somatic genetic alterations unique to this patient population, we performed a high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, quantitative PCR of the E6 and E7 regions of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, sequencing of the IVSF‐4+ locus of the FANC‐C gene, and microsatellite analysis for 18 nonsmoking patients, age 23 to 57 years (median age, 39 years). We compared these results with oral SCC from 17 patients 47 to 81 (median, 64) years of age with significant tobacco exposure (>40 pack‐years) to identify unique genetic alterations for each group.Results.SNP analysis demonstrated variable rates of allelic imbalance (AI) and no significant difference in terms of AI patterns between the two groups. However, we found an elevated rate of AI in chromosomal arms 6q (47% [17 of 36]) by performing microsatellite analysis of both groups. Only one tumor demonstrated the presence of HPV 16, and none of the tumors demonstrated mutations in the IVSF‐4+ region of FANC‐C.Conclusions.Despite variable marker density, SNP array analysis is an emerging technique for genome‐wide assessment and is a useful tool for discovery of novel sites of allelic loss in oral SCC, including a novel region of allelic loss on chromosome 6q. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 345–352, 2004
Human resource management problems over the life cycle of small to medium‐sized firms
Authors: Rutherford Matthew W. , Buller Paul F. , McMullen Patrick R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis study uses a sample of 2,903 small to medium‐sized firms to examine the manner in which HR problems
vary over the organizational life cycle. We found that a four‐stage model was appropriate. Interestingly,
firm age did not emerge as a significant indicator of stage—the firms' HR problems varied across stages
defined by growth. Training problems were highest in high‐growth firms and lowest in low‐growth
firms; compensation problems were highest in moderate‐growth firms and lowest in high‐growth
firms; and recruiting problems were highest in no‐growth firms and lowest in low‐growth firms.
© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The adoption of high‐involvement practices and processes in emergent and developing firms: A descriptive and prescriptive approach
Authors: Ciavarella Mark A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractOne of the most pressing challenges entrepreneurs face is how to do more with less. More often than not, the
solution lies in the human resource component of the venture. As such, it is important that entrepreneurs
understand how practices and processes designed to tap the knowledge, skills, and abilities of their employees can
lead to greater productivity and performance. This article develops prescriptive arguments to implicate that
adoption of involvement practices and processes by entrepreneurs early in the organization's life may extend
desired stages such as growth, or may delay or negate unwanted stages such as maturity and decline.
© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strategic human capital management in SMEs: An empirical study of entrepreneurial performance
Authors: Hayton James C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractHow can human resource management (HRM) practices promote entrepreneurial performance in small and
medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs)? This article discusses the association between human
capital management (HCM) and other contemporary HRM practices and the ability of SMEs to be
entrepreneurial. In a study of 99 SMEs, HRM practices that promote employee discretionary behavior, knowledge
sharing, and organizational learning are found to be positively associated with entrepreneurial performance.
Two contingencies are also identified for this relationship. First, the use of strategic HCM practices enhances
the observed positive association. Second, these relationships are strongest for SMEs operating in
high‐technology industries. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary carotenoids and risk of colon cancer: Case‐control study
Authors: Nkondjock André , Ghadirian Parviz 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSome epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of fruits and vegetables with a high carotenoid content may protect against colon cancer (CC). The evidence, however, is not completely consistent. Given the inconsistencies in findings in previous studies and continued interest in identifying modifiable risk factors for CC, a case‐control study of French‐Canadian in Montreal, Canada, was undertaken to examine the possible association between dietary carotenoids and CC risk and to investigate whether this association varies in relation to lifestyle factors such as smoking or diet, and particularly the high consumption of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). A total of 402 colorectal cases (200 males and 202 females) and 688 population‐based controls matched for age, gender and place of residence were interviewed. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire that collected information on over 200 food items and recipes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in unconditional logistic regression models. After adjustment for important variables such as total energy intake, no association was found between dietary intake of carotenoids and CC risk. For women with high intakes of LCPUFA, an inverse association was found between lutein + zeaxanthin and CC risk. ORs were 0.41; 95%CI (0.19–0.91), p=0.03 for eicosapentaenoic acid, and OR=0.36, 95%CI (0.19–0.78), p=0.01 for docosahexaenoic acid, when the upper quartiles of intake were compared to the lower. Among never‐smokers, a significantly reduced risk of CC was associated with intake of β‐carotene [OR=0.44, 95%CI (0.21–0.92) and p=0.02], whereas an inverse association was found between lycopene intake and CC risk [OR=0.63, 95%CI (0.40–0.98) and p=0.05] among smokers. The results of our study suggest that a diet rich in both lutein + zeaxanthin and LCPUFAs may help prevent CC in French‐Canadian females. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of puupehenone and related compounds as inhibitors of angiogenesis
Authors: Castro M. Estrella , González‐Iriarte Mauricio , Barrero Alejandro F. , Salvador‐Tormo Nélida , Muñoz‐Chápuli Ramón , Medina Miguel Ángel , Quesada Ana R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPuupehenone, a sesquiterpene produced by certain sponges, was selected in the course of a blind screening for new potential inhibitors of angiogenesis. In our study, we compare the potential anti‐angiogenic activities of puupehenone and another 11 related compounds that were either natural products from marine origin or their synthetic derivatives. The effects of these compounds were determined with cell growth and differentiation assays on bovine aorta endothelial cells. Our results show that these compounds are weak inhibitors to cell growth and are not selective for endothelial cells. However, contrary to cell growth, the differentiation of endothelial cells into tubular structures was completely inhibited by 7 of these compounds at concentrations equal or lower than 3 μM. Three of these compounds, isozonarol, 8‐epipuupehedione and 8 epi‐9,11‐dihydropuupehedione, completely inhibited the in vivo angiogenesis in the CAM assay at doses equal or lower than 30 nmol/egg. Further characterisation showed that these 3 terpenes also inhibited endothelial cell production of urokinase and invasion. One compound (8‐epipuupehedione) inhibited endothelial cell migration in a dose‐dependent manner. The anti‐angiogenic properties of the selected compounds, the simplicity of their structures and the feasibility of their synthesis make them attractive drugs for further evaluation in the treatment of angiogenesis‐related pathologies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of reproductive factors and lactation on breast carcinoma in situ risk
Authors: Meeske Kathleen , Press Michael , Patel Alpa , Bernstein Leslie 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIncidence rates for breast carcinoma in situ (CIS) have increased markedly over the past 20 years. Breast CIS, detected primarily on mammography, now represents 30–45% of all screened detected breast cancers. We conducted a large population‐based case‐control study to evaluate the impact of reproductive factors and lactation on breast CIS risk. Case subjects were newly diagnosed with breast CIS at ages 35–64 years between March 1, 1995 and May 31, 1998 (n = 567), resided in Los Angeles County and were born in the United States. Control subjects (n = 614), identified through random digit dialing, fulfilled the same eligibility criteria and were required to have had at least one screening mammogram in the 2‐year period before their interview. Women with a positive family history of breast cancer had a 2‐fold increase in breast CIS risk. Parous women were at reduced risk relative to nulligravid women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46–1.00). Among nulliparous women, pregnancy was unrelated to breast CIS risk. Among parous women, risk declined with each additional term pregnancy (p‐trend = 0.003). No associations were found with age at first term pregnancy, induced abortion or miscarriage. Long duration of breast‐feeding (≥24 months) was associated with increased risk (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.11–3.60). The observed effects of family history and pregnancy on breast CIS risk are consistent with those observed for invasive breast cancer. The results for breast‐feeding are contrary to what has been observed in studies of invasive breast cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
POBASCAM, a population‐based randomized controlled trial for implementation of high‐risk HPV testing in cervical screening: Design, methods and baseline data of 44,102 women
Authors: Bulkmans Nicole W.J. , Rozendaal Lawrence , Snijders Peter J.F. , Voorhorst Feja J. , Boeke A. Joan P. , Zandwijken Gladys R.J. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Verheijen René H.M. , v Groningen Krijn , Boon Mathilde E. , Keuning Hans J.F. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , van den Brule Adriaan J.C. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCytological cervical screening is rather inefficient because of relatively high proportions of false negative and false positive smears. To evaluate the efficiency of high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing, by GP5+/6+ PCR‐enzyme immunoassay (EIA), in conjunction with cytology (Intervention Group) to that of the classical cytology (Control Group), we initiated the Population Based Screening Study Amsterdam (POBASCAM). POBASCAM is a population‐based randomized controlled trial for implementation of hrHPV testing in cervical screening. The outcome measure is the proportion of histologically confirmed ≥CIN3 lesions in each study arm up to and including the next screening round after 5 years. We present the design, methods and baseline data of POBASCAM. When, in the next 5 years, the follow‐up will be completed, the data obtained will be used in model studies, including a cost‐effectiveness study, to advise the Dutch Ministry of Public Health in deciding whether cervical screening should be based on combined hrHPV and cytology testing instead of cytology alone. Between January 1999 and September 2002, 44,102 women (mean age = 42.8 years; range = 29–61) that participated in the regular Dutch screening program were included in our study. In the Intervention Group the distribution of cytology and hrHPV by cytology class was as follows: normal cytology 96.6% (3.6% hrHPV positive); borderline and mild dyskaryosis (BMD) 2.5% (34.6% hrHPV positive); and moderate dyskaryosis or worse (>BMD) 0.8% (88.3% hrHPV positive), i.e., 0.4% moderate dyskaryosis (82.9% hrHPV positive), 0.3% severe dyskaryosis (92.5% hrHPV positive), 0.1% carcinoma in situ (95.2% hrHPV positive), <0.1% suspected for invasive cancer (hrHPV positive 100.0%). In the Control Group 96.5% of the women had normal cytology, 2.4% BMD and 0.8% >BMD, i.e., 0.4% moderate dyskaryosis, 0.3% severe dyskaryosis, 0.1% carcinoma in situ, <0.1% suspected for invasive cancer. The presence of hrHPV was age‐dependent, decreasing from 12.0% at 29–33 years to 2.4% at 59–61 years. Among women with a positive hrHPV test, the prevalence of BMD was age‐dependent ranging from 20.2% at 29–33 years to 7.8% at 54–58 years. In contrast, the risk of >BMD of 13.7% among women with a positive hrHPV test was not age‐dependent. Our study indicates that large‐scale hrHPV testing by GP5+/6+ PCR‐EIA in the setting of population‐based cervical screening is practically feasible, is accepted by both participating women and general practitioners and yields highly reproducible results. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for urokinase‐plasminogen activator receptor have anti‐invasive and anti‐proliferative effects in vitro and inhibit spontaneous metastases of human melanoma in mice
Authors: D'Alessio Silvia , Margheri Francesca , Pucci Marco , Del Rosso Angela , Monia Brett P. , Bologna Mauro , Leonetti Carlo , Scarsella Marco , Zupi Gabriella , Fibbi Gabriella , Del Rosso Mario 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe have targeted the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) with phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (aODN) in vitro to evaluate the anti‐invasive and anti‐proliferative effects of uPAR down‐regulation, as well as in vivo to evaluate anti‐tumor and anti‐metastatic activity. aODN‐dependent uPAR downregulation in vitro was induced in cells of human melanoma, mammary carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and SV‐40‐transformed embryonic lung fibroblasts. uPAR was determined by an antibody‐based assay and by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell invasion was evaluated by Matrigel invasion assay and cell proliferation by direct cell counting. aODN reduced uPAR, invasion and proliferation in all the treated cell lines. Following aODN treatment, human melanoma cells exhibited a strong decrease of uPAR‐dependent ERK1/2 activation and were used in vivo to control metastasis in CD‐1 male nude (nu/nu) mice by uPAR aODN injection. 60 mice were injected in the hind leg muscles with a suspension of 106 melanoma cells. After 4 days, when a tumor mass of about 350 mg was evident in all the mice injected, 20 mice were treated i.v. with aODN and 20 with dODN at 0.5 mg/day for 5 consecutive days. Twenty control mice were not treated. A second and third cycle of treatment was administered at 2‐day intervals. Treatment with aODN resulted into a 78% reduction of lung metastases and 45% reduction of the primary tumor mass with no loss of body weight. Our results suggest to evaluate the utility of uPAR aODN in controlling the metastatic spreading of human melanoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interferon resistance promotes oncolysis by influenza virus NS1‐deletion mutants
Authors: Muster Thomas , Rajtarova Julia , Sachet Monika , Unger Hermann , Fleischhacker Reinhard , Romirer Ingrid , Grassauer Andreas , Url Angelika , García‐Sastre Adolfo , Wolff Klaus , Pehamberger Hubert , Bergmann Michael 
Published: March 2004

AbstractNS1 protein of influenza virus is a virulence factor that counteracts Type I interferon (IFN)‐mediated antiviral response by the host. A recombinant influenza A virus that lacks the NS1 protein only replicates efficiently in systems that contain defective IFN pathways. We demonstrate that the conditional replication properties of NS1‐modified influenza A virus mutants can be exploited for the virus‐mediated oncolysis of IFN‐resistant tumor cells. IFN resistance in analyzed tumor cell lines correlated with a reduced expression of STAT1. Addition of exogenous IFNα or supernatant of virus‐infected endothelial cells inhibited viral oncolysis in IFN‐sensitive but not in IFN‐resistant cell lines. The oncolytic potential of NS1‐modified influenza A virus mutants could be exploited in vivo in a SCID mouse model of a subcutaneously‐implanted human IFN‐resistant melanoma. The data indicate that IFN‐resistant tumors are a suitable target for oncolysis induced by NS1‐modified influenza virus mutants. STAT1 might serve as a marker to identify these IFN‐resistant tumors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neovascular targeting chemotherapy: Encapsulation of paclitaxel in cationic liposomes impairs functional tumor microvasculature
Authors: Strieth Sebastian , Eichhorn Martin E. , Sauer Birgitta , Schulze Brita , Teifel Michael , Michaelis Uwe , Dellian Marc 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCationic liposomes have been shown to be internalized selectively by angiogenic tumor endothelial cells after intravenous injection. Therefore, encapsulation of cytotoxic substances in cationic liposomes is a new approach to target tumor vasculature. It was the aim of our study to quantify the effects of paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic liposomes (MBT‐0206) on tumor microvasculature and growth in vivo. Experiments were performed in the dorsal skinfold chamber preparation of Syrian Golden hamsters bearing syngeneic A‐Mel‐3 melanomas. Tumors were treated with intravenous infusion of MBT‐0206 (20 mM) resulting in an effective paclitaxel dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Control animals received conventional paclitaxel in Cremophor EL (Taxol®; 5 mg/kg b.w.), unloaded cationic liposomes (20 mM) or the solvent 5% glucose, respectively. Using intravital microscopy, tumor growth and effects on intratumoral microvasculature were analyzed. Tumor growth was significantly retarded after treatment with MBT‐0206 compared to the treatment with paclitaxel. Analysis of intratumoral microcirculation revealed a reduced functional vessel density in tumors after application of liposomal paclitaxel. At the end of the observation time, vessel diameters were significantly smaller in animals treated with paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic liposomes while red blood cell velocity was less affected. This resulted in a significantly reduced blood flow in vessel segments and a reduced microcirculatory perfusion index in these animals. Histochemical TUNEL stain was vessel‐associated after treatment with liposomal paclitaxel in contrast to few apoptotic tumor cells in the control groups. Our data demonstrate that encapsulation of paclitaxel in cationic liposomes significantly increased the antitumoral efficacy of the drug. Remarkable microcirculatory changes indicate that encapsulation of paclitaxel in cationic liposomes resulted in a mechanistic switch from tumor cell toxicity to an antivascular therapy. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
B7‐2 expression above a threshold elicits anti‐tumor immunity as effective as interleukin‐12 and prolongs survival in murine B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Pizzoferrato Eva 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe costimulatory molecule, B7‐2, is expressed by various lymphomas, but this level of expression is not sufficient to generate effective anti‐tumor immunity in vivo. To determine whether up‐regulated expression of the costimulatory molecule, B7‐2, leads to more effective anti‐tumor immunity in vivo, the A20 murine model of B‐cell lymphoma was used. A20 tumor cells express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II molecules and moderate constitutive levels of B7‐2. While B7‐1 and B7‐2 have been introduced into tumor cells lacking these molecules, studies have not been conducted to determine whether tumors that constitutively express B7‐1 or B7‐2 can be made more immunogenic by increasing the expression of these molecules. In this report, A20/B7‐2 transfectants expressing greater levels of B7‐2 were rejected in syngeneic mice, and systemic immunity against the A20 parental cells was generated. Treatment with the A20/B7‐2 variant cells significantly improved the survival of tumor‐bearing mice. Coinjection with IL‐12 secreting variants did not further augment the anti‐tumor immunity observed for B7‐2 therapy alone. Both CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells mediated the anti‐tumor immune response observed in A20/B7‐2 immunized mice. In mice that developed tumors after immunization with the A20/B7‐2 variant cells, resected tumor cells were shown to express lower levels of B7‐2 than the transfected variants. These results suggest that the level of costimulation is important for the generation of anti‐tumor immunity and for host survival. In addition, tumors appear to be able to evade the immune response by downregulating the expression of B7‐2 below a threshold level. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olf/EBF proteins are expressed in neuroblastoma cells: Potential regulators of the Chromogranin A and SCG10 promoters
Authors: Persson Paula , Manetopoulos Christina , Lagergren Anna , Nygren Jens , Gisler Ramiro , Axelson Håkan , Sigvardsson Mikael 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe childhood malignancy neuroblastoma is derived from developmentally arrested sympathetic nervous system precursor cells. To obtain further insight into the molecular processes involved in the formation of these tumors, we decided to investigate the functional role of Olf/EBF (O/E) transcription factors in human neuroblastoma cells. We here report that O/E‐1 and O/E‐2 are expressed at variable levels in neuroblastoma cell lines and that O/E proteins could be identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. To identify potential neuronal target genes for O/E proteins in neuroblastoma cells we investigated the ability of a set of neuronal promoters to interact with O/E‐1 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. This analysis suggested that the Chromogranin A (CgA) and SCG10 promoters both contained binding sites for O/E‐1. O/E‐1 was able to activate the CgA promoter in vivo and mutation of the O/E‐1 binding site in the CgA promoter reduced the functional activity of the element to about 60% of the wild‐type in neuroblastoma cells, supporting the idea that O/E proteins may be involved in the control of the CgA promoter. Furthermore, overexpression of O/E‐1 in hippocampal progenitor cells led to neurite outgrowth, indicative of a role for O/E proteins in neuronal differentiation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.