bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Functional Load of Mandibular Implant Overdentures: A Surgical and Prosthodontic Rationale of 2 Implant Modalities
Authors: Lozada Jaime L. , Al-Ardah Aladdin J. , Rungcharassaeng Kitichai , Kan Joseph Y. K. , Kleinman Alejandro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractClassic guidelines in osseointegration for root-form dental implants include a long healing period, during which functional load should be avoided. However, the long healing period might impose an intolerable situation on some patients, especially in the completely edentulous situation. Subperiosteal dental implant guidelines demonstrate that the implant upon insertion can be put into immediate function and be restored with the final prosthesis soon after surgery. Studies on immediately functional loaded implant-supported prostheses in patients who are completely edentulous have been reported, exhibiting high success rates comparable with conventionally loaded implants. This article describes the surgical and prosthodontic procedure for the immediately functional loaded mandibular implant overdentures in 2 different dental implant modalities, as well as its clinical rationale.
A Newly Designed Template Device for Use With the Insertion of Immediately Loaded Implants
Authors: Pontual Marco A. B. , Freire JoséN. O. , Souza Dircilene C. , Ferreira Cimara F. , Bianchini Marco A. , Magini Ricardo S. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
This article describes a newly designed surgical template that was used to facilitate dental implant placement. The implants were planned to function by loading them immediately. A case report describing the device and the benefits of its use for a patient with an edentulous mandible is presented. Four implants were placed in the anterior region of the mandible to support an immediately fixed prosthesis. Clinical and radiographic analyses were conducted postoperatively to evaluate bone loss and peri-implant soft-tissue healing. The salutary results demonstrated the positive value of this therapeutic approach and presented the advantages of shorter treatment times, fewer patient visits, lower costs, and elimination of secondary surgical procedures.
Mechanism of palladium‐catalyzed reactions: role of chloride ions
Authors: Jutand Anny 
Published: October 2004

AbstractChloride ions play a very important role in palladium‐catalyzed reactions. This review illustrates how chloride ions modify: (i) the kinetics of the oxidative addition of aryl triflates, vinyl triflates, allylic acetates to palladium(0) complexes; (ii) the structure of the aryl‐, vinyl‐ or allyl‐palladium(II) complexes, generated in the oxidative addition, by formation of neutral aryl‐, vinyl‐ or η1‐allyl‐palladium(II) chloride complexes respectively, instead of cationic aryl‐, vinyl‐ or (η3‐allyl)palladium(II) complexes; (iii) the mechanism of the second step of the catalytic cycle of the Stille reactions of aryl or vinyl triflates by formation of neutral aryl‐ or vinyl‐ chloride complexes able to react with the nucleophile; and (iv) the mechanism of the second step of the catalytic cycle of the Tsuji–Trost reactions, i.e. the nucleophilic attack on allyl‐palladium(II) complexes (neutral η1‐allyl‐PdCl versus cationic (η3‐allyl)palladium(II) complexes). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple and practical protocol for the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of boronic acids with methyl iodide
Authors: Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA combination of palladium acetate and tri‐1‐naphthylphosphine was found to be a highly efficient catalyst system for the cross‐coupling of arylboronic acids with methyl iodide at room temperature. The new process allows for a convenient introduction of methyl groups into various functionalized arenes under mild conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental toxicity evaluation of sodium thioglycolate administered topically to Sprague–Dawley (CD) rats and New Zealand white rabbits
Authors: Tyl R.W. , Price C.J. , Marr M.C. , Myers C.B. , van Birgelen A.P.J.M. , Jahnke G.D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sodium thioglycolate, which has widespread occupational and consumer exposure to women from cosmetics and hair‐care products, was evaluated for developmental toxicity by topical exposure during the embryonic and fetal periods of pregnancyMETHODS: Timed‐mated Sprague–Dawley rats (25/group) and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (24/group) were exposed to sodium thioglycolate in vehicle (95% ethanol:distilled water, 1:1) by unoccluded topical application on gestational days (GD) 6–19 (rats) or 6–29 (rabbits) for 6 hr/day, at 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight/day (rats) and 0, 10, 15, 25, or 65 mg/kg/day (rabbits). At termination (GD 20 rats; GD 30 rabbits), fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations and variations.RESULTS: In rats, maternal topical exposure to sodium thioglycolate, at 200 mg/kg/day (the highest dose tested) on GD 6–19, resulted in maternal toxicity, including reduced body weights and weight gain, increased relative water consumption and one death. Treatment‐related increases in feed consumption and changes at the application site occurred at all doses, in the absence of increased body weights or body weight change. Fetal body weights/litter were decreased at 200 mg/kg/day, with no other embryo/fetal toxicity and no treatment‐related teratogenicity in any group. In rabbits, maternal topical exposure to sodium thioglycolate on GD 6–29 resulted in maternal dose‐related toxicity at the dosing site in all groups; no maternal systemic toxicity, embryo/fetal toxicity, or treatment‐related teratogenicity were observed in any group.CONCLUSIONS: A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was not identified for maternal toxicity in either species with the dosages tested. The developmental toxicity NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/day (rats) and ≥65 mg/kg/day (rabbits; the highest dose tested). The clinical relevance of theses study results is uncertain because no data were available for levels, frequency, or duration of exposures in female workers or end users. Birth Defects Research Part B 68:144–161, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical study of perforator arteries in the distally based radial forearm fasciosubcutaneous flap
Authors: Tiengo Cesare , Macchi Veronica , Porzionato Andrea , Bassetto Francesco , Mazzoleni Franco , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe investigated the anatomical vascular basis of the forearm fasciosubcutaneous flap (FSC‐F), fed by the distal perforator arteries of the fascia. This type of flap was proposed, in hand reconstructive surgery, to avoid the disadvantages caused by axial‐pattern reverse radial forearm fasciocutaneous flap, based on ligation and rotation of the radial artery (RA). In eight fresh cadaveric forearms, the RA was injected slowly with acrylic resin and the superficial flexor compartment was dissected. Then the FSC‐F was raised from the lateral margins of the sample to the median RA axis, and the collaterals of the RA (number, interval of origin, and caliber) were evaluated. The fascial branches of RA (mean number ± SD: 20 ± 3) originated mainly from the radial and ulnar sides of the RA. In the distal forearm the vessels were more numerous (mean value = 11.3 vs. 8.9; Student's t‐test, P < 0.05) but smaller in diameter (mean value = 0.45 mm vs. 0.63 mm; Student's t‐test, P < 0.05). The perforator arteries forked in a T‐shape following the main axis of the forearm and anastomosed in the fascial plane, forming longitudinal fan‐shaped arterial chains giving rise to the vascular epifascial network. Histological (hematoxylin‐eosin, azan‐Mallory, Weigert) and immunohistochemical (anti‐von Willebrand factor) study of the FSC‐F at different levels of sampling was also carried out. The epifascial branches of distal sections were smaller in diameter (78.3 ± 35.5 μm) than those of intermediate (105.7 ± 28.7 μm; Newman‐Keuls test, P < 0.01) and proximal (116.8 ± 31.2 μm; Newman‐Keuls test, P < 0.001) sections. Our findings indicate that the perforator arteries and epifascial branches are smaller in the distal forearm, so that during surgical dissection, the safety distance from the radial styloid should take into account that also in the presence of a sufficient number of vessels in the distal forearm their caliber could be inadequate to the hemodynamic request of the flap. Thus, rather than on a theoretic distance from the radial styloid, the length of the flap should be based on an accurate evaluation of the individual vascularization of the forearm case by case. Clin. Anat. 17:636–642, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle to the brachial fascia associated with high division of brachial artery
Authors: Ray Bappaditya , Rai Anju Lata , Roy T.S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAnatomical variations of the coracobrachialis muscle (CBM) are common. We detected an abnormal form of the CBM of the left arm during human cadaver dissection. The CBM originated from the tip of the coracoid process of the scapula and divided into muscular and musculo‐aponeurotic bellies. The muscular belly inserted into the middle of the anteromedial surface of the humerus, which is the normal anatomic insertion point of the CBM. The musculo‐aponeurotic belly inserted into the medial intermuscular septum as well as the brachial fascia, creating a tunnel for the passage of the brachial artery. Inside the tunnel, the brachial artery bifurcated into the radial and ulnar arteries. No abnormality of the CBM, the brachial artery, or the median nerve was detected in the contralateral arm. The phylogenic, ontogenic, functional, and clinical importance of this variant muscle is described. Knowledge of such variations is of considerable importance during invasive and non‐invasive investigative procedures or orthopedic, reconstructive, or surgical procedures. Clin. Anat. 17:672–676, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploratory Studies to Investigate a Linked Prebiotic Origin of RNA and Coded Peptides. 2nd Communication
Authors: Smith James M. , Borsenberger Vinciane , Raftery Jim , Sutherland John D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe potentially prebiotic synthesis of ribo‐nucleotides by stepwise pyrimidine nucleobase assembly on arabinose‐3‐phosphate derivatives has been demonstrated in previous work [1]. Consideration of the provenance of pentose phosphates, by aldolisation or sugar phosphorylation, suggested that 2‐phosphate derivatives might be generated more easily than 3‐phosphate derivatives. In the 2‐phosphate series, nucleobase‐assembly chemistry to give ribo‐nucleotides/nucleic acid can be envisaged from xylo‐configured starting materials. In this paper, the derivation of xylose‐2‐phosphate derivatives by aldol chemistry and attempts to demonstrate subsequent pyrimidine nucleobase assembly are reported.
Adamantylsulfanyl‐ and N‐Adamantylcarboxamido‐Derivatives of Heterocycles and Phenoles: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Production‐Enhancing Properties, and Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Maurin Jan Krzysztof , Lasek Witold , Górska Agata , Świtaj Tomasz , Jakubowska Anna Beata , Kazimierczuk Zygmunt 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of several adamantylthio heterocycles and S‐adamantylated thiocresols is reported. The attack of the adamantyl cation formed from 1‐adamantan‐1‐ol in refluxing trifluoroacetic acid provides the corresponding adamantylsulfanyl compounds. The use of the adamantyl cation in the Ritter reaction gave the number of N‐adamantylcarboxamide derivatives of heterocyclic and phenolic compounds. Adamantylsulfanyl heterocycles, contrary to N‐adamantylcarboxamido compounds, enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in genetically modified murine melanoma cells transduced with the gene for human TNF‐α. The highest activity, comparable to that of the most‐active previously described for 6‐methyl‐2‐[(adamantyl)amino]pyridine, showed 2‐thioadamantyl derivatives of pyridine and 6‐methylpyridine. The crystal structures of carboxamido and sulfanyl analogues of 2‐(1‐adamantylamino)pyridine have been studied, and consecutive quantum‐chemical calculations have been performed. The low TNF‐α production stimulatory activity of N‐adamantylcarboxamido‐pyridine compared to the sulfanyl and amino analogues is postulated to be linked to the conformational rigidity of the former one enhanced by the formation of the intramolecular H‐bond. The comparison of the activity of 2‐(1‐adamantylsulfanyl)‐6‐methylpyridine and (1‐adamantylsulfanyl)‐2‐methylbenzene proved the importance of the ring N‐atom, whereas the differences in activity between bromo and methyl analogues pointed at electronic rather than steric influence of ortho‐substituents on the biological activity.
Synthesis of (2′S)‐ and (2′R)‐2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐[(2‐methoxyethoxy)amino] Pyrimidine Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides
Authors: Zatsepin Timofei S. , Ivanova Yulia M. , Oretskaya Tatiana S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSyntheses of specified 2′‐modified nucleosides were achieved: a) via oximation of the 5′,3′‐blocked 2′‐oxocytidine, followed by reduction, or b) by intramolecular nucleophilic addition of 3′‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)carbamate to the 2′‐position with opening of O2,2′‐anhydrouridine. For the first time, 3′‐phosphoroamidites of these 2′‐modified nucleosides were successfully incorporated into oligonucleotides by solid‐phase synthesis. Incorporation of 2′‐modified nucleotides into oligodeoxyribonucleotides had a negative effect on the duplex Tm values with the DNA or RNA complements. Nevertheless, modified nucleotides have shown good target recognition; the (S)‐isomer binds preferably to RNA and the (R)‐isomer to DNA. Both modified nucleosides significantly increased nuclease resistance of the oligodeoxyribonucleotides.
Understanding Sterol–Membrane Interactions Part I: Hartree–Fock versus DFT Calculations of 13C and 1H NMR Isotropic Chemical Shifts of Sterols in Solution and Analysis of Hydrogen‐Bonding Effects
Authors: Jolibois Franck , Soubias Olivier , Réat Valérie , Milon Alain 
Published: October 2004

Abstract1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts are exquisitely sensitive probes of the local environment of the corresponding nuclei. Ultimately, direct determination of the chemical shifts of sterols in their membrane environment has the potential to reveal their molecular interactions and dynamics, in particular concerning the hydrogen‐bonding partners of their OH groups. However, this strategy requires an accurate and efficient means to quantify the influence of the various interactions on chemical shielding. Herein the validity of Hartree–Fock and DFT calculations of the 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts of cholesterol and ergosterol are compared with one another and with experimental chemical shifts measured in solution at 500 MHz. A computational strategy (definition of basis set, simpler molecular models for the sterols themselves and their molecular complexes) is proposed and compared with experimental data in solution. It is shown in particular that the effects of hydrogen bonding with various functional groups (water as a hydrogen‐bond donor and acceptor, acetone) on NMR chemical shifts in CDCl3 solution can be accurately reproduced with this computational approach.
Infrared Spectra of Hydrogen‐Bonded Ionic Crystals: Ab initio Study of Mg(OH)2 and β‐Be(OH)2.
Authors: Ugliengo Piero , Pascale Fabien , Merawa Mohammadou , Labeguerie Pierre , Tosoni Sergio , Dovesi Roberto 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nd2(SeO3)2 (SeO4)×2H2O — A Mixed‐Valence Compound Containing Selenium in the Oxidation States +IV and +VI.
Authors: Berdonosov P. S. , Schmidt P. , Dityat'yev O. A. , Dolgikh V. A. , Lightfoot P. , Ruck M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
How Stable Are Inorganic Fullerene‐Like Particles? Thermal Analysis (STA) of Inorganic Fullerene‐Like NbS2, MoS2, and WS2 in Oxidizing and Inert Atmospheres in Comparison with the Bulk Material.
Authors: Schuffenhauer Christoph , Wildermuth Gerhard , Felsche Juergen , Tenne Reshef 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of Silyldihalomethyllithiums with Nitriles: Formation of α‐Keto Acylsilanes via Azirines and 1,3‐Rearrangement of Silyl Group from C to N.
Authors: Yagi Kazunari , Tsuritani Takayuki , Takami Kazuaki , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transformation of 3‐Benzyl But‐1‐ynyl Ethers into 1,3‐Dienes and Benzaldehyde via Transfer Hydrogen.
Authors: Yeh Kuo‐Liang , Liu Bo , Lai Yen‐Ting , Li Chia‐Wen , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
InCl3‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ring‐Opening Reactions of Epoxides to β‐Hydroxy Ethers.
Authors: Kim Byeong Hyo , Piao Fengyu , Lee Eun Joo , Kim Ji Sook , Jun Young Moo , Lee Byung Min 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optimization of the Synthesis of Guanidines from Amines via Nitroguanidines Using 3,5‐Dimethyl‐N‐nitro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carboxamidine.
Authors: Castillo‐Melendez Joel A. , Golding Bernard T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reductive Dimerization of Dithianylium Salts and Fluorodesulfuration: A New Synthetic Approach to Tetrafluoroethylene Substructures.
Authors: Kirsch Peer , Lenges Marc , Ruhl Andreas , Sevenard Dmitri V. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cationic Planar Chiral Palladium P,S Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts in the Enantioselective Ring Opening of Oxa‐ and Azabicyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Cabrera Silvia , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Three‐Component One‐Pot Synthesis of Structurally Constrained Tetrahydrofurans that Are t‐RNA Synthetase Inhibitor Analogues.
Authors: Lu Chong‐Dao , Chen Zhi‐Yong , Liu Hui , Hu Wen‐Hao , Mi Ai‐Qiao , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of Methyl 1‐(2‐Bromoisobutyryl)cyclopentanecarboxylate and 3‐(1‐Bromocyclopentyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxopropionate with Zinc and Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Kirillov N. F. , Shchepin V. V. , Vakhrin M. I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Biologically Active N‐[Coumarin‐6‐yl] ‐3‐methyl‐5‐(hydroxy/methyl/4‐hydroxy‐8‐methylcoumarin‐3‐yl)pyrazoles and [2.3.1]‐Bicyclo‐N‐[coumarin‐6‐yl]‐1,2‐diazepines.
Authors: Choudhari B. P. , Mulwad V. V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on the Trypanocidal Activity of Semi‐Synthetic Pyran[b‐4,3]naphtho[1,2‐d]imidazoles from β‐Lapachone.
Authors: De Moura Kelly C. G. , Salomao Kelly , Menna‐Barreto Rubem F. S. , Emery Flavio S. , Pinto Maria do Carmo F. R. , Pinto Antonio V. , de Castro Solange L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐5,7‐dihydro‐pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐6‐carboxamidine, an Annulated Nicotinoid.
Authors: Cho Kwang‐Nym , Park Su‐Jin , Lee Kee‐In 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sodium Dithionite Initiated Addition of 1‐Bromo‐1‐chloro‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane to β‐Pinene. Synthesis of CF3‐Substituted Terpenoids.
Authors: Dmowski Wojciech , Ignatowska Jolanta , Piasecka‐Maciejewska Krystyna 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Nucleophilic Substitution of α‐Bromo Amides via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Preparation of Dipeptide Analogues.
Authors: Nam Jiyoun , Chang Ji‐yeon , Shin Eun‐kyoung , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Yangmee , Jang Soonmin , Park Yong Sun 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Synthesis of Disaccharides Containing the 2‐Amino‐2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl Unit and L‐Glycero‐D‐manno‐ and 7‐Deoxy‐L‐glycero‐D‐galacto‐heptopyranoses.
Authors: Martin Patrick , Lequart Vincent , Cecchelli Romeo , Boullanger Paul , Lafont Dominique , Banoub Joseph 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unexpected Formation of the Arcyriacyanin System by Condensation of a 3‐Bromo‐4‐(indol‐3‐yl)maleimide with (2‐Nitrophenyl)acetates.
Authors: Mayer Guido , Hinze Claudia , Polborn Kurt , Steglich Wolfgang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of New Pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolin‐3‐ones and Their Ribonucleoside Derivatives.
Authors: de Oliveira Mara R. P. , Alves Thatyana R. , Pinto Angelo C. , Pereira Helena de S. , Leao‐Ferreira Luiz R. , Moussatche Nissin , Frugulhetti Izabel Christina de P. P. , Ferreira Vitor F. , de Souza Maria Cecilia B. V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antioxidative Phenylethanoid and Phenolic Glycosides from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora.
Authors: Wang Hao , Sun Yang , Ye Wen‐Cai , Xiong Fei , Wu Jia‐Jun , Yang Chun‐Hua , Zhao Shou‐Xun 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pre‐procedural expression of Mac‐1 and LFA‐1 on leukocytes for prediction of late restenosis and their possible correlation with advanced coronary artery disease
Authors: Rahimi Kazem , Maerz Holger K. , Zotz Rainer J. , Tárnok Attila 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe activation status of the inflammatory system has been suggested to play an important role in predicting restenosis. Activation of leukocyte adhesion molecules occur after coronary intervention and the level of activation correlates to restenosis. However, little is known about the specific role of adhesion molecules before intervention. The purpose of this study concerned the search for differences in the expression level of selected adhesion molecules to identify suitable tools for the pre‐procedural identification of restenosis patients prior to angioplasty.MethodsBlood samples of 31 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography were obtained just before intervention. Seven healthy volunteers were also enrolled. Surface expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules Mac‐1 (CD11b/CD18), LFA‐1 (CD11a/CD18), L‐Selectin (CD62L), ICAM‐1 (CD54), and MHC‐II (HLA‐DR) were assessed by flow cytometry. Patients with a successful angioplasty received a follow‐up angiography after six months.ResultsAccording to the clinical and angiographic data, patients were divided into four groups: control (N = 14), no restenosis (N = 11), restenosis (N = 4), and advanced coronary artery disease (CAD, N = 9). The restenosis group and the advanced CAD group showed higher expression of Mac‐1 and LFA‐1 on monocytes and neutrophils compared to the other groups. Using the pre‐procedural expression levels, patients with restenosis could be predicted by discriminant analysis with CD11a, CD11b, and CD18 (average recognition index = 95.5%).ConclusionsThe data of this pilot study indicate that pre‐procedural activation status of CD11a and CD11b may play a role in the subsequent development of restenosis. Moreover, CD11a, CD11b, and CD18 may be helpful as indicators for the progression of CAD. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 53B:63–69, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.