bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial transcriptomics and neurofilament light chain reveal changes in lesion patterns in murine autoimmune neuroinflammation
Authors: Brummer Tobias , Schillner Miriam , Steffen Falk , Kneilmann Flores , Wasser Beatrice , Uphaus Timo , Zipp Frauke , Bittner Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
Ongoing neuroaxonal damage is a major contributor to disease progression and long-term disability in multiple sclerosis. However, spatio-temporal distribution and pathophysiological mechanisms of neuroaxonal damage during acute relapses and later chronic disease stages remain poorly understood.

Methods
Here, we applied immunohistochemistry, single-molecule array, spatial transcriptomics, and microglia/axon co-cultures to gain insight into spatio-temporal neuroaxonal damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Results
Association of spinal cord white matter lesions and blood-based neurofilament light (sNfL) levels revealed a distinct, stage-dependent anatomical pattern of neuroaxonal damage: in chronic EAE, sNfL levels were predominately associated with anterolateral lumbar lesions, whereas in early EAE sNfL showed no correlation with lesions in any anatomical location. Furthermore, neuroaxonal damage in late EAE was largely confined to white matter lesions but showed a widespread distribution in early EAE. Following this pattern of neuroaxonal damage, spatial transcriptomics revealed a widespread cyto- and chemokine response at early disease stages, whereas late EAE was characterized by a prominent glial cell accumulation in white matter lesions. These findings were corroborated by immunohistochemistry and microglia/axon co-cultures, which further revealed a strong association between CNS myeloid cell activation and neuroaxonal damage both in vivo and in vitro.

Interpretation
Our findings indicate that CNS myeloid cells may play a crucial role in driving neuroaxonal damage in EAE. Moreover, neuroaxonal damage can progress in a stage-dependent centripetal manner, transitioning from normal-appearing white matter to focal white matter lesions. These insights may contribute to a better understanding of neurodegeneration and elevated sNfL levels observed in multiple sclerosis patients at different disease stages.

Graphical Abstract
‘Functional hyperthermia’: a historical overview
Authors: Ginier-Gillet Mathieu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe management of low-grade fever in adults has not been codified. This gap is related not only to the numerous possible aetiologies but also to the difficulty of escaping the monocausal model of diseases. This article explores the complex issue of positive signs in ‘psychogenic fever’ through Reimann’s 1930s series. The discussion emphasises Canguilhem’s positions regarding vital signs and proposes (1) a semantic clarification of ‘habitual hyperthermia’ and (2) an amendment of the Belgian diagnostic criteria based on the concept of functional disorder. This paper also suggests following Peirce’s pragmatism in the face of an uncommon clinical picture.
Critical Illness Weakness, Polyneuropathy and Myopathy: Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes
Authors: Latronico Nicola , Rasulo Frank A. , Eikermann Matthias , Piva Simone 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe weakness associated with critical illness (CIW) is common. This narrative review summarizes the latest scientific insights and proposes a guide for clinicians to optimize the diagnosis and management of the CIW during the various stages of the disease from the ICU to the community stage.

Main body
CIW arises as diffuse, symmetrical weakness after ICU admission, which is an important differentiating factor from other diseases causing non-symmetrical muscle weakness or paralysis. In patients with adequate cognitive function, CIW can be easily diagnosed at the bedside using manual muscle testing, which should be routinely conducted until ICU discharge. In patients with delirium or coma or those with prolonged, severe weakness, specific neurophysiological investigations and, in selected cases, muscle biopsy are recommended. With these exams, CIW can be differentiated into critical illness polyneuropathy or myopathy, which often coexist. On the general ward, CIW is seen in patients with prolonged previous ICU treatment, or in those developing a new sepsis. Respiratory muscle weakness can cause neuromuscular respiratory failure, which needs prompt recognition and rapid treatment to avoid life-threatening situations. Active rehabilitation should be reassessed and tailored to the new patient’s condition to reduce the risk of disease progression. CIW is associated with long-term physical, cognitive and mental impairments, which emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary model of care. Follow-up clinics for patients surviving critical illness may serve this purpose by providing direct clinical support to patients, managing referrals to other specialists and general practitioners, and serving as a platform for research to describe the natural history of post-intensive care syndrome and to identify new therapeutic interventions. This surveillance should include an assessment of the activities of daily living, mood, and functional mobility. Finally, nutritional status should be longitudinally assessed in all ICU survivors and incorporated into a patient-centered nutritional approach guided by a dietician.

Conclusions
Early ICU mobilization combined with the best evidence-based ICU practices can effectively reduce short-term weakness. Multi-professional collaborations are needed to guarantee a multi-dimensional evaluation and unitary community care programs for survivors of critical illnesses.
Married women’s decision-making autonomy on modern contraceptive use and its associated factors in high fertile sub-Saharan Africa countries: a multi-level analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Belachew Ayele Biresaw , Bayafers Mulatu Wubu , Negash Wubshet Debebe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor better maternal and child health, women’s independence on reproductive health issues is crucial; however, couples are restricted from discussing openly with their partner. Regarding this, information about women’s decision-making autonomy is low in the world, including Sub-Saharan Africa; therefore, this study was aimed to assess married women’s decision-making autonomy on modern contraceptive utilization in high fertility SSA countries.MethodsData for this study was obtained from the most recent (2010–2018) Demographic and Health Surveys. A total of weighted sample of 14,575 married reproductive age women was included. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the significant associated factors of decision-making autonomy on modern contraceptive utilization. Finally, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to declare as statistical significance.ResultsOverall prevalence of married women decision-making autonomy on modern contraceptive utilization in the high fertile SSA countries is 25.28% (95% CI:18.32%, 32.24%). The factors significantly associated with the decision-making autonomy on modern contraceptive utilization were women’s age 25–34 years (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.84–1.93) and 35–49 years (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.82–1.92), had media exposure (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.00- 1.28), Number of alive children, 1–2 (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.38–4.01), 3–4 (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.74–5.10),$$\ge$$≥5 (AOR = 2. 82, 95% CI = 1.63–4.86), educational status; primary education (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.77–2.83), Secondary and higher (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.78–2.89), Community media exposure (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.38–2.34), Community level poverty, (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.09–1.86) and resides in rural (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.64–0.71).ConclusionWomen’s decision-making autonomy on modern contraception utilization in this study was low. Therefore, the government should promote women’s autonomy on contraceptive use as an essential component of SRH rights through mass media, with particular attention for, women living in the poorest communities, and those residing in rural settings of the country. Moreover, health professionals should counsel the women about the benefits of using modern contraceptive to help them managing their number of children.
How are people with obesity managed in primary care? – results of a qualitative, exploratory study in Germany 2022
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Counselling and management of overweight and obesity are tasks for which general practitioners possess favourable qualifications. Based on a long-term doctor-patient relationship, GPs have various options for actions to deal with overweight problems. To date, however, there is only little evidence on the experiences which people with obesity have made with the primary physician model and the care needs and wishes they actually address to their GPs. This study investigated what experiences people with obesity have had with GP care and what care needs and wishes they communicated to their GPs. The results will be used to derive starting points for optimising the primary healthcare setting.

Methods
A total of 32 individuals affected by obesity were recruited over 24 online health forums. With them, we conducted qualitative interviews in the time between April and October 2022.

Results
The respondents considered the primary care physician to be the central contact person when they sought advice and support with weight problems. The advice of the GP was associated with an increased willingness to deal with reducing one’s own weight. Despite this positive perception, widespread drawbacks existed from the perspective of the respondents: (1) incidental or late discovery of obesity, (2) absence of continuous weight counselling, (3) no agreement on specific weight reduction goals, (4) no referrals to help and support services, (5) insensitive discussion. Only some of the respondents who have recently been able to reduce their weight sustainably attributed their success primarily to the support they received from their GP.

Conclusion
GPs should be encouraged to address obesity consistently and promptly. In addition, concrete recommendations and realistic goals for weight loss should be formulated. Continuous and motivating discussions are crucial in this regard. A focus on nutrition and exercise counselling in the GP’s office should also be encouraged. GPs should be strengthened in their role as mediators by integrating their patients into a network of further assistance as needed. The development of care structures for obesity management should be promoted.
“…Because we do so together”: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Assistant Teacher’s Work Environment, Conditions, and Teamwork Experiences
Authors: Schlieber Marisa , Adejumo Tobi , Knight Jenna , Valencia Lopez Enrique , Pufall Jones Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuality improvement strategies largely focus on lead teachers’ qualifications with little regard to their work environment, while also overlooking a significant segment of the workforce—assistant teachers. Early educators work in teams, and assistant teachers play an important role planning, implementing, and supporting classroom activities. Using an explanatory mixed-methods design, the present United States based study examines assistant teachers’ (N = 436) assessments of their work environment, with a focus on teamwork. Findings reveal how features of the work environment are related to assistant teachers’ assessments of teamwork. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed to address the work environment factors that support the ability of assistant teachers to collaborate and meaningfully contribute to the functioning and quality of children’s learning environment.
The frequency of various spinal cord tumors (SCTs) in surgically treated patients at Shiraz Shahid Chamran Hospital from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Iravanpour Farideh , Farrokhi Majid Reza , Mousavi Seyed Reza , Soltani Ahmad , Hosseini Mahshid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aim
The incidence of spinal cord tumors (SCTs) in a population considering sex, age, histopathology, and emplacement position of tumors is different between various regions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of various SCTs in surgically treated patients in a reference spinal surgery center in Shiraz, Iran.

Method
Documented information related to 109 SCT patients surgically treated was collected from the archive of Shahid Chamran Hospital (the reference center of spinal cord surgery in the south of Iran) in Shiraz from 2012 to 2022. This information includes demographics, medical history, histology, and position of SCTs within the spinal cord.

Result
The population of patients included 65 men and 44 women, with a mean age of 44.7 years old. Most patients (26 cases) were in the age group of 50–59 years. Neurological function in most patients (51 cases) was equivalent to level D of the ASIA impairment scale (AIS), and the most common complaints of patients (83 cases) were related to pain. Finally, anatomic and histologic evaluations indicated that intradural and schwannoma tumors were the most common types of tumors, with 64 and 25 cases, respectively.

Conclusions
In the present study, most of the findings are consistent with the previous reports. Schwannoma and ependymoma tumors were the most common types of SCTs and the most common types of intramedullary tumors, respectively. The sixth decade of life was the most common age of incidence. Neurological function in most patients with SCT was equivalent to levels of D and E of AIS. However, regarding the factor of gender, our results are similar to those of the Asian population. More comprehensive studies in the future likely reveal the probable role of environmental, genetic, and hormonal factors in the etiology of SCTs.
Optimization of metal dopant effect on ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced visible LED photocatalytic degradation of citalopram: comparative study and application to pharmaceutical cleaning validation
Authors: Nazim Veronia S. , El-Sayed Ghada M. , Amer Sawsan M. , Nadim Ahmed H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetal doping is an effective method to tune the optical and chemical properties of nanoparticles. Herein, a comparative study was conducted to assess the effect of metal dopant (Mg, Cu and Sn) on ZnO nanoparticles for visible LED photocatalysis. The photocatalysts were synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method. Doped ZnO nanoparticles were employed for photodegradation of citalopram; a commonly used antidepressant drug. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. A decrease in band gap energy was obtained for Mg (3.21 eV), Cu (3.15 eV) and Sn (3.05 eV) compared to undoped ZnO (3.34 eV). Results showed that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles towards citalopram degradation under visible light was enhanced by doping with Sn which showed superior photocatalytic performance compared to Cu. Whereas, Mg doped ZnO demonstrated the lowest photocatalytic activity. Full factorial design (24) was conducted to investigate the effect of dopant, pH, catalyst loading and initial citalopram concentration on the efficiency of the treatment process. The interaction between the metal dopant and pH had significant impact on photodegradation efficiency. At optimum conditions, 80% degradation of 25 µg mL−1 citalopram was obtained in 2 h using commercially available LED light using 0.5 mg mL−1 Sn doped ZnO. Kinetics of citalopram degradation was also investigated and was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The optimized photocatalytic protocol was successfully applied for treatment of water samples obtained from production lines during the cleaning validation cycles of citalopram. Sn and Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles had great sustainability for wastewater treatment as it kept its catalytic behavior up to three cycles without significant decrease in photocatalytic activity. The integration of such an approach into the currently employed cleaning validation protocols would offer an economical advantage for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
Graphical Abstract
Stability analysis of reference station and compensation for monitoring stations in GNSS landslide monitoring
Authors: Wang Duo , Huang Guanwen , Du Yuan , Zhang Qin , Bai Zhengwei , Tian Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning method of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used for landslide monitoring. The stability of its reference station is crucial to obtain accurate and reliable monitoring results. Unstable reference stations due to the geological environment and human activities are difficult to detect and in practical applications often ignored. As a result, it affects the positioning solutions and subsequently the interpretation and detection of landslide motions, which must be addressed in GNSS landslide monitoring. To solve this problem, we propose using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique to analyze the stability of the reference station by verifying its position. The deformations of the monitoring stations are then compensated. First, the reference station coordinates are obtained by the PPP technique and tectonic motion is considered in data processing. The change or breakout of the reference station position is then determined using a cumulative sum control chart method. Finally, each monitoring station’s displacements are compensated according to the displacements of the reference station. According to the results of the Tengqing landslide experiment, the PPP technique can be used in GNSS landslide monitoring to analyze the stability of reference stations. With PPP, millimeter-level accuracy for the coordinates of reference stations is achieved. Compared to the traditional deformation series, the compensated displacement series more reliably reflects the landslide motions. This study will increase the reliability of monitoring results and contribute to implementing GNSS in monitoring landslides.
Cannabis use and psychosis among patients hospitalized in psychiatric wards in Lebanon: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Ghanimé Pia Maria , Bazzi Zeinab , Kazan Joseph , Bou Saba Ghassan , El Hayek Samer , Saad Halim , Talih Farid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Trends in cannabis use suggest a global increase in the past decade. Current evidence associates cannabis use with an increased risk of psychosis. This association has prompted a growing research interest in the association between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders, especially psychotic disorders. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the effect of cannabis on psychosis and its clinical progression.

Results
We conducted a retrospective chart review of cannabis use in patients hospitalized for a psychosis episode over five years at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC). Cannabis users were more likely to be young single males using other substances compared to non-cannabis users. Frequent cannabis use was associated with a higher likelihood of paranoia and legal problems. Other psychotic symptoms did not significantly differ between frequent cannabis users and non-users. The length of hospital stay and the duration of the psychotic episode did not significantly differ between cannabis users and non-users. Family stressors and family history of a psychotic disorder were associated with a higher likelihood of personal history of violence.

Conclusions
This study is the first in Lebanon to reproduce findings supporting the association between cannabis and psychosis previously highlighted in other populations. Further prospective research is needed to better understand the effect of cannabis use on psychosis and to accordingly revise policies on cannabis legalization to reduce the global burden of psychotic disorders.
The synergy between AI and radiologist in advancing digital mammography: comparative study between stand-alone radiologist and concurrent use of artificial intelligence in BIRADS 4 and 5 female patients
Authors: Badawy Eman , Shalaby Fatma S. , Saif-El-nasr Safaa Ibrahim , Elyamany Aya Magdy , Hegazy Rania Mohamed Abbas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent significant advancements in speed and machine learning have profoundly changed artificial intelligence (AI). In order to evaluate the value of AI in the detection and diagnosis of BIRADS 4 and 5 breast lesions visible on digital mammography pictures, we compared it to a radiologist. The gold standard was tissue core biopsy and pathology. A total of 130 individuals with 134 BIRADS 4 or 5 mammography lesions were included in the study, and all relevant digital mammography pictures were exported to an AI software system.

Objectives
The goal of this investigation was to determine how well artificial intelligence performs in digital mammography when compared to a radiologist in identifying and diagnosing BIRADS 4 and 5 breast lesions.

Methods
A total of 134 BIRADS 4 and 5 breast lesions in 130 female patients were discovered using digital mammography on both the craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique planes. All mammograms were transferred to an AI software system for analysis, and the results were compared in accordance with the histopathological results, which served as standard of reference in all lesions.

Results
Artificial intelligence was found to be more accurate (90.30%) than radiologist (82.84%) and shows higher positive predictive value (94.5%) than radiologist (82.8%) regarding suspecting malignancy in digital mammography with BIRADS 4 and 5 lesions, while the radiologist achieved higher sensitivity (100%) than AI (93.7%) in detecting malignancy in BIRADS 4 and 5 lesions.

Conclusions
Radiologist was found to be more sensitive than AI in detecting malignancy in BIRADS 4 and 5 lesions but AI had a higher positive predictive value. However, specificity as well as negative predictive value could not be assessed for the radiologist, hence could not be compared with AI values because the inclusion criteria of the study did not include BIRADS 1, 2 and 3 so benign-looking lesions by digital mammography were not involved to measure specificity and negative predictive values. All in all, based on the available data, AI was found to be more accurate than radiologist regarding suspecting malignancy in digital mammography. AI can run hand in hand with human experience to give best health-care service in screening and/or diagnosing patients with breast cancer.