bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Vanishing Author
Authors: Tasić Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We will embark on a longer excursion now. I would like to consider a different way of understanding the formalist position, and thus try to connect it with some apparently unrelated and extreme branches of continental thought. In particular, I would like to look into the possibility that Hilbert’s “formalist” approach, filtered and transformed through the work of the French philosopher of science Jean Cavaillès, may have carried over an important impulse to continental philosophy. This alternative pathway to the postmodern turnabout will eventually lead us to the early work of the French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault.
Literary Antecedents Of American Silent Film
Authors: Cohen Paula Marantz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At One Point in Mary Pickford’s 1917 film, The Little American, Mary’s character, a young American woman who has recently arrived in France to visit a relative, finds herself caught in the throes of World War I and faced with a band of vicious “Huns” who have broken into the chateau where she is staying. Her eyes wide with fright, her hands plucking nervously at the lace of her collar, Little Mary reaches into the front of her dress and pulls out a ragged square of cloth-a tiny American flag-that she waves in front of the enemy. It is the kind of small but noble gesture common in American silent films that makes even the most jaded spectator gulp with emotion. In this case, the little flag does not stop the marauders; they proceed to rape the servants and pillage the chateau. But Mary’s symbolic gesture is a powerful statement of affiliation and character. It makes clear that she will find a way to defeat the enemy-that no risk is too great. Soon, she is communicating with the French army through a hidden wireless; escaping from a firing squad; and converting her lover, an officer in the German army, to the cause of freedom and justice. She does all this through pluck and resourcefulness, her fragility belying a steely determination and courage.
Animals and Theme in Ceremony
Authors: Beidler Peter G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To understand the nature of Tayo’s development it is necessary that we recognize Silko’s representation of the white man’s attitude toward animal life. As ranchers, for example, white men raise stupid Herefords that are ill­ adapted to desert terrain and available food supplies, then fence and corral them so that they cannot run free. The white ranchers do not know, as Tayo’s uncle Josiah does, that “cattle are like any living thing. If you separate them from the land for too long, keep them in barns and corrals, they lose something” (p. 74). The white ranchers’ initial response to the hardier and more adaptable Mexican cattle is to make sport of destroying them: “They rode massive powerful roping horses that were capable of jerking down a steer running full speed, knocking the animal unconscious and frequently injuring or killing it” (p. 212).
Blue Medicine
Authors: Lincoln Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Pueblo medicine leads Tayo to a more arcane healer, Old Betonie, the contemporary Navajo/Mexican breed. Betonie also is known by hazel eyes, and he lives above the Gallup dump in an ancient hogan dug halfway (again, fusional) into the foothill. Betonie collects times and places, calendars and phone books, from his travels among Indians all over America: “all the names in them. Keeping track of things” (C 121). “All these things have stories alive in them,” Betonie claims. Tayo recognizes calendar pictures from 1939 and 1940, predating his war sickness.
What Should Constitutions Say? Secession and Beyond
Authors: Sunstein Cass R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far I have been dealing with the problems that call for a democratic constitution, with methods for achieving constitutional agreements, and with sources of constitutional principles. I have said very little about the substance of a democratic constitution—about what, specifically, belongs in a founding document. What rights should a constitution protect? How should we go about answering that question? In this chapter I attempt to make some progress on that issue, mostly by discussing a problem that seems exotic but that contains a number of general lessons: the status of the right to secede. The old Soviet constitution created a right to secede. The United States Constitution does not. Although some secessionists in the American South, invoking state sovereignty, claimed to find an implicit right to secede in the founding document, it was more common to invoke an extratextual “right to secede” said to be enshrined in the Declaration of Independence. In any case, no serious scholar or politician now argues that a right to secede exists under United States constitutional law.
Democracy and Rights: The Nondelegation Canons
Authors: Sunstein Cass R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The United States Constitution, like many others, seems to contain an interesting doctrine specifically designed to ensure democratic self-government. Article 1, section 1, of the Constitution vests “legislative power” in a “Congress of the United States” and not in anyone else. According to “the nondelegation doctrine,” the national legislature is not permitted to give, or to delegate, its lawmaking powers to any other institution. One of the most important questions in contemporary constitutional law is whether, and in what sense, the nondelegation doctrine still lives.
Social and Economic Rights? Lessons from South Africa
Authors: Sunstein Cass R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have argued that the anticaste principle captures an important part of a democratic constitution’s commitment to equality; but I have also said that the principle does not exhaust the meaning of equality as a constitutional ideal. Should a democratic constitution also try to ensure that people will not live in desperate conditions? Should it create rights against starvation or homelessness? The answers to these questions point toward what might well be the most striking difference between constitutional rights in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and constitutional rights in the current period. Before the twentieth century, democratic constitutions made no mention of rights to food, shelter, and health care. In more recent times, rights of this kind are usually protected in the most explicit terms. A remarkable feature of international opinion—indeed a near consensus—is that socioeconomic rights deserve constitutional protection. The principal exception to the consensus is the United States, where most people think that such rights do not belong in a constitution.
Review of von Neumann 1931: The formalist’s way of founding mathematics (1932g)
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The introductory note to Gödel 1932g, as well as to related items, can be found on page 196, immediately preceding 1931a.]The formalist’s goal in providing a foundation for mathematics is, as the author explains, to vindicate classical mathematics while taking into account the doubts raised about it by the intuitionists. In criticizing transfinite (existential) modes of inference-of which a very instructive example is given-the formalist thus concurs with the intuitionist. Yet he directs his attention to the fact that these modes of inference attain a thoroughly finitary meaning if they are viewed, not as methods of contentual thinking, but as a procedure for deriving formulas according to certain conventions, since the formulas and the operations carried out with them do, after all, have a finitary character. In describing the procedures of classical mathematics, formalism in large part adopts the work of the logicist school. However, since formalism regards these procedures not as contentually evident methods of proof but merely as a “formula game”, it faces the problem of demonstrating the utility of this “game” for science. This is supposed to be done by our showing that every numerical formula verifiable (calculable) in finitely many steps that can be derived according to the rules of the game by which classical mathematics is played must turn out to be correct when actually calculated. The applicability of classical mathematics to shortening the computation of arithmetical expressions would thereby be demonstrated, and it is in just this sense that classical mathematics is applied to experience. The proof of the fact described above amounts to the proof of consistency, which therefore is the central problem. It must, of course, be carried out by means of contentually unobjectionable (that is, intuitionistic) methods. The basic features of the method employed for consistency proofs are described, and in conclusion it is pointed out that up to now consistency proofs have been successfully carried out only for certain restricted subsystems of classical mathematics.
Review of Klein 1932 : On a decomposition theorem in the theory of abstract connectives (1932j)
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In connection with an earlier work (1931), the author defines “lattice”
to mean a domain of individuals in which two commutative and associative operations.
Introductory note to 1932k, 1934e and 1936b
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Church had some quite novel ideas for “a system of mathematical logic free of some of the complications entailed by Bertrand Russell’s theory of types, and [which] would at the same time avoid the well known paradoxes ... by weakening the classical principle of reductio ad absurdum.” To this end he described a formal system in 1992. Finding that he had not succeeded there in avoiding a modified form of the Russell paradox, he made some changes in 1933.
the algebra of logic with special reference to Whitehead and Russell’s Principia mathematica (1932m)
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two new axiom systems for the calculus of classes (propositional calculus) are specified. The first employs addition (a+ b) and complementation (a’) as primitive notions, and, in addition to the commutativity and associativity of+, requires only the following two axioms:
Introductory note to 1933
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William Tuthill Parry presented a deviant propositional calculus of the sort now called relevance logic, in which a conditional formula failed to be valid if its consequent contained a new letter. Gödel’s remarks are here reported. In the discussion someone (evidently Hahn) wondered how many truth values are needed in modeling Heyting’s intuitionistic propositional calculus. Gödel answered the question a few months after the colloquium and thus before this publication of it; see Gödel 1992.
Über Unabhangigkeitsbeweise im Aussagenkalkiil (1999a)
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Laf3t sich jeder Unabhiin.gigkeitsbeweis innerhalb des Aussagenkalkiils mit Hilfe von endlichen Modellen (Matrizen1) fiihren? Diese von Hahn aufgeworfene Frage ist zu verneinen. Z. B. ist die Aussage p :::&gt; ∼∼p von folgenden drei Axiomen:
On independence proofs in the propositional calculus (1933a)
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can every independence proof for a formula of the propositional calculus be carried out by means of finite models (matrices1 )? This question, raised by Hahn, is to be answered in the negative. For example, the proposition p :::) ∼∼p is independent of the following three axioms:
Review of Kalmar 1933: On the satisfiability of those first-order expressions that in normal form contain two adjacent universal quantifiers (1933l)
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work presents a solution of the decision problem for the case cited in the title, one that does not differ essentially from that sketched by the reviewer in his 1992a. By a procedure given by W. Ackermann in his 1928a, page 647, for the case of one universal quantifier, the problem is first reduced to the corresponding one for expressions of the form.
Review of Hahn 1932: Real functions (1933m)
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The same author’s Theorie der reellen Funktionen [1921], long out of print, appears here in a revised version that is completely new, with respect to both content and form of presentation. The chapters of the present first volume (the theory of set functions being reserved for a second volume) contain a far more detailed treatment than those in the earlier book, in accordance with the new results obtained in the interim, and a new chapter on analytic sets has been added. The proofs are given with a rigor and attention to detail that probably have hardly an equal in the textbooks of mathematics and are not far removed from complete “formalization” (in the sense of, say, Principia mathematica). At the same time, the number of explicitly formulated theorems is so large that the proof of each one of them can be kept comparatively brief by appeal to the theorems preceding it. (Proofs only rarely exceed half a page and are usually substantially shorter.) A further characteristic feature of the book is the principle, followed throughout, of making do with the fewest assumptions and therefore also of formulating everything as abstractly as possible.
Introductory note to 1936
Authors: Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A technical overview of all three papers, as well as a detailed discussion of the role the Menger colloquium played in the development of economic theory, is given in Weintraub 1989, pages 5- 12. Briefly, Weintraub notes that Gustav Cassel, following Walras, had formulated non-linear systems of equations in which demand quantities of goods were expressed as functions of their prices. Schlesinger had then inverted this relationship, formulating a system of equations in which demand prices were expressed as functions of the quantities of goods produced. Wald, in turn, investigated conditions under which Schlesinger’s equations would have unique solutions. In this context, Gödel’s remark may be viewed not as chiding Wald for having neglected the role of income, but as suggesting a generalization of Wald’s investigations to systems in which factor prices were included. Weintraub, however, quoting Lionel McKenzie, notes (footnote 11, pages 10-11) that, although Walras’ original equations had included factor prices as arguments, there is, contrary to Gödel’s suggestions, no obvious way to formulate a meaningful system of inverse equations involving factor prices if there is more than one consumer.
A remark about the relationship between relativity theory and idealistic philosophy (1949a)
Authors: Gudel Kurt , Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most interesting aspects of relativity theory for the philosophical-minded consists in the fact that it gave new and surprising in sights into the nature of time, of that mysterious and seemingly self contradictory being which, on the other hand, seems to form the basis of the world’s and our own existence. The very starting point of special relativity theory consists in the discovery of a new and very astonishing property of time, namely the relativity of simultaneity, which to a large extent implies that of succession. The assertion that the events A and B are simultaneous (and, for a large class of pairs of events, also the assertion that A happened before B) loses its objective meaning, in so far as another observer, with the same claim to correctness, can assert that A and B are not simultaneous (or that B happened before A).
Time
Authors: Lindow John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Religions of the world experience and encode time in various ways: as a linear progression, as a never-ending set of cycles, as a process of degeneration, and so forth. We are most used to a linear system, since it characterizes our Judeo-Christian tradition, which sees a clear progression from the creation of the world through a long present leading to a last time, a day of judgment, an end of history.
The Hidden History of The Tibetan Book of the Dead
Authors: Cuevas Bryan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1927, Oxford University Press published the first western-language translation of a collection of Tibetan funerary texts (the Great Liberation upon Hearing in the Bardo) under the title The Tibetan Book of the Dead. Since that time, the work has established a powerful hold on the western popular imagination, and is now considered a classic of spiritual literature. Over the years, The Tibetan Book of the Dead has inspired numerous commentaries, an illustrated edition, a play, a video series, and even an opera. Translators, scholars, and popular devotees of the book have claimed to explain its esoteric ideas and reveal its hidden meaning. Few, however, have uttered a word about its history. Bryan J. Cuevas seeks to fill this gap in our knowledge by offering the first comprehensive historical study of the Great Liberation upon Hearing in the Bardo, and by grounding it firmly in the context of Tibetan history and culture. He begins by discussing the many ways the texts have been understood (and misunderstood) by westerners, beginning with its first editor, the Oxford-educated anthropologist Walter Y. Evans-Wentz, and continuing through the present day. The remarkable fame of the book in the west, Cuevas argues, is strikingly disproportionate to how the original Tibetan texts were perceived in their own country. Cuevas tells the story of how The Tibetan Book of the Dead was compiled in Tibet, of the lives of those who preserved and transmitted it, and explores the history of the rituals through which the life of the dead is imagined in Tibetan society. This book provides not only a fascinating look at a popular and enduring spiritual work, but also a much-needed corrective to the proliferation of ahistorical scholarship surrounding The Tibetan Book of the Dead.
The Knights of the Cape
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the afternoon of June 5, 1541, 12 Spaniards, all of whom had been rewarded by the king for their exploits during the conquest of Peru, were gathered together at the home of Pedro de San Millan. The house that sheltered them consisted of a parlor and five other rooms, leaving a large plot of ground on which to build. Six leather armchairs, an oak bench, and a grimy table flush against the wall were the only furniture in the parlor. Hence the house, like the attire of those who lived there, revealed from a mile away one of those sorts of poverty that rubs elbows with beggary. And this was in fact the case.
The Magistrate’s Ears
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The imperial town of Potosi was, in the middle of the sixteenth century, the place to which fortune hunters chose to flock. This explains why, five years after the discovery of its rich mines, the town’s population numbered over 25,000 souls. “A mining town,” the proverb goes, “is a lustful, lawless town.” And never was a proverb more apt than in the case of Potosi during the first two centuries of the conquest.
Friar Martin’s Mice
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With this couplet there ends an account of virtues and miracles that circulated as a broadsheet in Lima around the year 1840, on the occasion of the celebration, in our capital of religion and culture, of solemn ceremonies honoring the beatification of Friar Martin de Porres. This holy man was born in Lima on December 9, 1579, the natural son of the Spaniard don Juan de Porres, a knight of the Order of Alcantara, and a slave woman from Panama. While Martincito was still a youngster, his father took him to Guayaquil, where he learned to read and write in a school whose schoolmaster made liberal use of the rod. Two or three years later his father returned with him to Lima and set him to learning the useful occupation of barber and bloodletter, in the shop of a barber on the callede Malambo.
Between Garibaldi ... and Me
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Around the year 1865 I was the guest in Le Havre of Luis Cisneros, who held the post of consul of Peru there. Almost every Sunday we had a visitor, an old man 70 years old, who had lunch with us and entertained us with his talk of America and the war of Independence. His name was Monsieur Fysquet, and he had a modest post in Le Havre, I don’t remember whether it was as a security guard or in the harbor master’s office.