bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous activism debut in Brazil: the case of Rumo
Authors: Beal Partyka Raul , Gama Marina , Lana Jeferson , Marcon Rosilene 
Published: October 2023

Learning outcomes
By the end of the case study discussion, it is expected that students will have learned to assess what makes it likely that firms will respond to episodes of stakeholder activism; establish the interplay between nonmarket strategies and corporate governance mechanisms in assessing shareholder activism; explain about the board of directors as a corporate governance mechanism; evaluate the threats of nonmarket dimensions as a strategic response from the board; and understand the impact and increasing power of shareholders over board decisions.

Case overview/synopsis
In April 2019, to pressure Rumo S.A. regarding the duplication of the Itirapina–Cubatão railroad, indigenous peoples from 12 São Paulo villages bought six Rumo shares, which were quoted on Tuesday, April 23, 2019, at around BRL17 each. Duplication of the railroad started in 2011 and affected the lives of the Indians. The company promised to implement more than 100 improvements to the villages, but as of 2019, half of the improvements were at a standstill. After buying enough shares to entitle them to participate in the annual general meeting (AGM) of shareholders, the Indians went to Rumo’s AGM to voice their concerns and show how the villages had been affected. It was the audit committee that needed to discuss and solve the case of the indigenous peoples. What steps would Rumo take next? What was the best thing to do with regard to the claims of the Indians? This case shows the start of corporate activism in Brazil. This case reports the dilemma that Rumo faced with the indigenous activism at the beginning of 2019 because of the expansion of their railroad network across indigenous lands.

Complexity academic level
This case is suited for a class in which the students are exposed to a corporate governance framework and internal and external governance mechanisms. The case can be applied at the graduate and executive levels in relevant courses such as corporate governance, corporate responsibility, strategic management, and the stock market.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Managers' emotion-regulation capabilities and family firm innovativeness: a dynamic managerial capability view
Authors: Gerulaitiene Neringa , Pundziene Asta , Kabasinskas Audrius 
Published: October 2023

PurposeWhile previous studies have proved the significance of family firm innovativeness (FFI), the question of how the emotion-regulation capabilities of family business managers affect FFI still remains open. This paper aims to examine the impact of the emotion-regulation capabilities of family business managers on FFI moderated by the family involvement in business management.Design/methodology/approachThe present study is based on a quantitative research design. Data were collected with the help of a telephone survey. Overall, 192 family firms were surveyed, and the results were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe findings indicate that managers' emotion-regulation capabilities (independent variable) positively impact FFI (dependent variable). The research results also indicate that having more family members involved in the business (moderating variable) can lead to better innovation outcomes, assuming these family managers have sufficient emotion-regulating capabilities.Research limitations/implicationsThe research context could be broadened by differentiating between the industries in which family firms operate. This could aid a better understanding of the challenges, opportunities and market trends in different sectors. Future research might also include more diverse countries with deep family business traditions, strengthening the robustness of the findings across more varied contexts.Originality/valueUsing a multi-level perspective, this study contributes to the dynamic managerial capabilities and family business literature by showing that, in an environment where familial relationships can affect working relationships, the ability of managers to control their emotions and others' emotions can be a critical managerial resource that impacts FFI.
The over‐citation ofDaubertin forensic anthropology
Authors: Lesciotto Kate M. , Christensen Angi M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 1993 US Supreme Court decisionDaubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. presented new guidance for the judicial assessment of expert witness evidence and testimony in the determination of admissibility. Despite the rarity of admissibility challenges to forensic anthropology evidence,Daubertis frequently cited in published forensic anthropology research. This study undertook a qualitative thematic analysis of forensic anthropology articles published in theJournal of Forensic Sciencesto assess why authors continue to citeDaubertand express concerns over potential exclusion. The results show a significant increase in the number of articles that cite legal admissibility standards over time (p < 0.001). Authors frequently cite these standards to contextualize their results within theDaubertframework or to justify the need for their research. Notably, many articles presentDaubertas a constraining force, misinterpreting the guidelines as rigid criteria or that they require methods to be strictly quantitative. However,Daubertwas intended to be a flexible tool for judges—not a standard or instruction for scientists. While it was reasonable to reflect on the scientific rigor of methods in the wake of theDaubertdecision, a new perspective is warranted in which forensic anthropologists shift their focus from trying to “satisfy” admissibility guidelines to adopting quality assurance measures that minimize error and ensure confidence in analytical results, and developing and using methods that are grounded in good science—which is important regardless of whether or not the results are ever the subject of a trial.
Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol on road traffic accidents in Scotland after 20 months: An interrupted time series study
Authors: Manca Francesco , Parab Rakshita , Mackay Daniel , Fitzgerald Niamh , Lewsey Jim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsOn 1 May 2018, Scotland implemented Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) of £0.50 per unit of alcohol with the aim to lower alcohol consumption and related harms, and reduce health inequalities. We measured the impact of MUP on the most likely categories of road traffic accidents (RTAs) to be affected by drink‐driving episodes (fatal and nighttime) up to 20 months after the policy implementation. Further, we checked whether any association varied by level of socio‐economic deprivation.MethodsAn interrupted time series design was used to evaluate the impact of MUP on fatal and nighttime RTAs in Scotland and any effect modification across socio‐economic deprivation groups. RTAs in England and Wales (E&W) were used as a comparator. Covariates representing severe weather events, bank holidays, seasonal and underlying trends were adjusted for.ResultsIn Scotland, MUP implementation was associated with 40.5% (95% confidence interval: 15.5%, 65.4%) and 11.4% (−1.1%, 24.0%) increases in fatal and nighttime RTAs, respectively. There was no evidence of differential impacts of MUP by level of socio‐economic deprivation. While we found a substantial increase in fatal RTAs associated with MUP, null effects observed in nighttime RTAs and high uncertainty in sensitivity analyses suggest caution be applied before attributing causation to this association.ConclusionThere is no evidence of an association between the introduction of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland and a reduction in fatal and nighttime road traffic accidents, these being outcome measure categories that are proxies of outcomes that directly relate alcohol consumption to road traffic accidents.
Effect of Aurora kinase B on polyploidy and decidualization in mouse uterus
Authors: Wang Peng‐Chao , Yang Zhen‐Shan , Gu Xiao‐Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch question:Decidualization is critical to the establishment of mouse normal pregnancy. The fibroblast‐like stromal cells in the process form polyploid multinucleated cells. Aurora kinase B (Aurora B) has previously been shown to regulate polyploidy in various cells. However, whether Aurora B regulates the formation of decidual cell polyploidization and its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.Design:Establish decidualization model of mouse primary endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Construct pseudopregnancy mouse models and delayed‐activation mouse models. Detect Aurora B and polyploidization related genes in mouse uteri treated by Aurora B specific inhibitor Barasertib and CPT.Results:In this study, we found that Aurora B was strongly expressed in endometrial stromal cells after implantation. Additionally, Aurora B was remarkably up regulated in the stromal cells of oil‐induced deciduomoa and in vitro decidualization. As an Aurora B specific inhibitor, Barasertib significantly inhibits the mRNA expression of Prl8a2, a marker of mouse decidualization. Furthermore, the protein levels of p‐Plk1, Survivin and p‐Cdk1 were inhibited by Barasertib. CPT‐induced DNA damage suppressed Aurkb (encodes Aurora B) expression, thus resulting in polyploidization.Conclusion:Our data shows that Aurora B is expressed in decidual stromal cells of implantation sites and plays a key role for mouse decidualization. The protein of Plk1, Survivn, and Cdk1 may participate in formation of decidual cell polyploidization during mouse decidualization.
An automated protocol for assessing career rurality outcomes of Australian health professionals using retrospective data
Authors: Cortie Colin H. , Garne David , Parker‐Newlyn Lyndal , Ivers Rowena G. , Mullan Judy , Mansfield Kylie J. , Bonney Andrew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionAddressing the imbalance of the health workforce between metropolitan and rural areas requires a clear understanding of trends in choices of work location of health care staff.ObjectiveHere, we provide an automated and highly reproducible protocol to examine the location of health care workers over multiple years using medical graduates as a case study.DesignData linkage cohort study. The study cohort examined was University of Wollongong Medical graduates from 2010 to 2021 who were registered to practice in Australia. The main outcome measure was graduate location of practice in Modified Monash regsions MM1 or MM2–7 across multiple postgraduate years. This protocol used R Markdown.FindingsAn automated and reproducible protocol was used to analyse choices of work location for the University of Wollongong's medical graduates. Over 90% of graduates were registered with AHPRA. Around 25%–30% of graduates were found to work in MM2–7 regions across their careers, exceeding the national average.DiscussionThe protocol presented allows for a fast and reproducible analysis of work location by region for health care workers. This will allow comparisons of outcomes between universities or health professions.
Performance of a new implant system and drilling protocol—A minipig intraoral dental implant model study
Authors: Musskopf Marta Liliana , Finger Stadler Amanda , Fiorini Tiago , Ramos Umberto Demoner , de Sousa Rabelo Mariana , de Castro Pinto Rodrigo Nahas , Susin Cristiano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimA new implant system encompassing implants with a tri‐oval cross‐sectional design and a simplified site preparation protocol at low speed and no irrigation has been developed. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the new implant system using the minipig intraoral dental implant model.MethodsEight Yucatan minipigs were included. Twelve weeks after extractions, four implants per animal were randomly placed and allowed to heal transmucosal for 13 weeks: two Ø3.5 × 10 mm implants with a back‐tapered collar and circular cross‐section (control) and two Ø3.5 × 11 mm implants with tri‐oval collar and cross‐section (test). MicroCT and histological analysis was performed.ResultsThirty‐two implants were placed; one implant for the control group was lost. Histologically, BIC was higher in the test compared with the control group (74.1% vs. 60.9%, p < .001). At the platform level, inflammation was statistically significantly higher albeit mild in the test compared with the control group. No other significant differences were observed between groups. MicroCT analysis showed that bone‐to‐implant‐contact (BIC) and trabecular thickness were statistically significantly higher for the test than the control group. Test group had significantly higher first BIC distance than controls on lingual sites.ConclusionsThe present study results support the safety and efficacy of the new dental implant system and simplified site preparation protocol; human studies should be carried out to confirm these findings.
Sismondi's principles of liberty and economic progress
Authors: Arthmar Rogério 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Swiss‐born liberal thinker Jean‐Charles‐Léonard Simonde de Sismondi (1773–1842) rejected metaphysical systems of thought in favour of historical and social analysis. However, in his mature writings, he offered an organising, although a never explicit, set of principles guiding his political and economic disquisitions. I identify Sismondi's essential principles of social study, namely, the effect of political organisation on the character of the people, the need for a ‘national reason’, along with the weight of tradition over individual representation. Subordinate principles of liberty are examined, such as respect for minorities, freedom of public debate, and engagement in local affairs. I argue that, when the political idea of a slowly matured national reason guiding the constitutional progress of liberty is applied to a rapidly changing economic domain, tension is created within Sismondi's understanding of social sciences.
Antiepileptic treatment with levetiracetam during the first trimester and pregnancy outcome: An observational study
Authors: Hoeltzenbein Maria , Bartz Insa , Fietz Anne‐Katrin , Lohse Lukas , Onken Marlies , Dathe Katarina , Schaefer Christof 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveLevetiracetam is increasingly used in pregnant women with epilepsy. Although teratogenic effects have not been observed so far, data on the risks of spontaneous abortion and major birth defects are still limited, especially for the frequently used dual therapy of levetiracetam and lamotrigine. Our primary aim was to analyze rates of major birth defects and spontaneous abortion after maternal levetiracetam treatment.MethodsThis was a cohort study based on pregnancies recorded by the Embryotox Center from 2000 to 2017. Outcomes of prospectively ascertained pregnancies with first trimester levetiracetam monotherapy (n = 221) were compared to pregnancies with lamotrigine monotherapy for epilepsy (n = 469). In addition, all pregnancies with levetiracetam (n = 364) exposure during the first trimester were analyzed in comparison to a nonexposed cohort (n = 729). Pregnancies with the most frequently used combination therapy comprising levetiracetam and lamotrigine (n = 80) were evaluated separately.ResultsThere was no significantly increased risk of major birth defects or of spontaneous abortions after first trimester exposure to levetiracetam. Birth weight of male neonates was significantly lower after levetiracetam monotherapy compared to lamotrigine monotherapy. Dual therapy with levetiracetam and lamotrigine resulted in a significantly increased risk of spontaneous abortion (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43–6.33) and a nonsignificant effect estimate for major birth defects (7.7%, n = 5/65, adjusted odds ratio = 1.47, 95% CI = .48–4.47) compared to a nonexposed cohort.SignificanceOur study confirms the use of levetiracetam as a suitable antiepileptic drug in pregnancy. The lower birth weight of male neonates after maternal levetiracetam monotherapy and the unexpectedly high risk of spontaneous abortion and birth defects after dual therapy with levetiracetam and lamotrigine require further investigation.
Dynamics of cutaneous atmospheric oxygen uptake in response to mechanical stretch revealed by optical fiber microsensor
Authors: Shan Shengzhou , He Jiahao , Sun Qin , Zhu Kan , Li Yuanyuan , Reid Brian , Li Qingfeng , Zhao Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSkin expands and regenerates in response to mechanical stretch. This important homeostasis process is critical for skin biology and can be exploited to generate extra skin for reconstructive surgery. Atmospheric oxygen uptake is important in skin homeostasis. However, whether and how cutaneous atmospheric oxygen uptake changes during mechanical stretch remains unclear, and relevant research tools to quantify oxygen flux are limited. Herein, we used the scanning micro‐optrode technique (SMOT), a non‐invasive self‐referencing optical fiber microsensor, to achieve real‐time measurement of cutaneous oxygen uptake from the atmosphere. An in vivo mechanical stretch‐induced skin expansion model was established, and an in vitro Flexcell Tension system was used to stretch epidermal cells. We found that oxygen influx of skin increased dramatically after stretching for 1 to 3 days and decreased to the non‐stretched level after 7 days. The enhanced oxygen influx of stretched skin was associated with increased epidermal basal cell proliferation and impaired epidermal barrier. In conclusion, mechanical stretch increases cutaneous oxygen uptake with spatial‐temporal characteristics, correlating with cell proliferation and barrier changes, suggesting a fundamental mechanistic role of oxygen uptake in the skin in response to mechanical stretch. Optical fiber microsensor‐based oxygen uptake detection provides a non‐invasive approach to understand skin homeostasis.
The Future Fate of Suicide Attempters
Authors: Retterstöl Nils 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTA review is made of studies of suicide attempters in which there was a personal follow‐up examination. Two studies by the author are presented: suicide attempters admitted to a psychiatric clinic and suicide attempters admitted to a traditional psychiatric hospital. The committed suicide rate among the hospital cases was three to six times higher than in the clinic cases (6.8 percent versus 1.4 to 2.8 percent). In the hospital material, 28 percent of the subjects had repeated the attempt without lethal outcome compared to 14 percent of the clinic cases. A correlation with the higher incidence of psychosis in the mental hospital cases is suggested.
Brusatol enhances MEF2A expression to inhibit RCC progression through the Wnt signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhou Yu , Bao Hui , Liu Bo , Wang Min , Wang Lei , Pan Tiejun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most aggressive subtype of kidney tumour with a poor prognosis and an increasing incidence rate worldwide. Brusatol, an essential active ingredient derived from Brucea javanica, exhibits potent antitumour properties. Our study aims to explore a novel treatment strategy for RCC patients. We predicted 37 molecular targets of brusatol based on the structure of brusatol, and MEF2A (Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A) was selected as our object through bioinformatic analyses. We employed various experimental techniques, including RT‐PCR, western blot, CCK8, colony formation, immunofluorescence, wound healing, flow cytometry, Transwell assays and xenograft mouse models, to investigate the impact of MEF2A on RCC. MEF2A expression was found to be reduced in patients with RCC, indicating a close correlation with MEF2A deubiquitylation. Additionally, the protective effects of brusatol on MEF2A were observed. The overexpression of MEF2A inhibits RCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In xenograft mice, MEF2A overexpression in RCC cells led to reduced tumour size compared to the control group. The underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of RCC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the modulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Altogether, we found that MEF2A overexpression inhibits RCC progression by Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, providing novel insight into diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for RCC patients.
Drug survival of biologic therapies for palmoplantar pustulosis: A nationwide study
Authors: Bertelsen T. , Egeberg A. , Skov L. , Rasmussen M. , Bryld L. , Funding A. , Ajgeiy K. , Thein D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiological therapies have established efficacy in psoriasis vulgaris. However, palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) has proven difficult to treat, and data on drug survival in these patients remain scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate drug survival of biological treatments in a nationwide cohort of patients with PPP.MethodsWe included all patients treated for PPP with a biologic from a prospective Danish nationwide registry between 2007 and 2019. Descriptive statistics were reported. Drug survival was calculated for all patients and specified for the most frequently used biologics. Drug survival was reported as median time to discontinuation. Kaplan–Meier plots were used to visualize drug survival. Trajectories of Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores were plotted by interpolating between the different visits with a dermatologist for each treatment course.ResultsWe identified 85 individual patients who received biological therapy for PPP across 194 treatment courses during follow‐up. Of the included treatment courses, 151 (77.8%) were discontinued. The most frequent cause of discontinuation was ineffective response to treatment (54.3%), while 18.5% of courses were discontinued due to adverse events. The median drug survival across all therapies for PPP was 9.3 (Inter quartile range (IQR), 3.9–25.6) months. Ustekinumab demonstrated the longest median time to discontinuation of 14.6 (IQR, 9.1–51.8) months. The proportion of bio‐naive patients in treatment at 12 months were according to drug 47.9% for adalimumab, 64.3% for ustekinumab and 40.0% for secukinumab. For bio‐experienced, it was 58.2% adalimumab, 54.5% for ustekinumab and 51.4% for secukinumab.ConclusionsThe treatment of PPP poses significant challenges, with limited drug survival observed across all therapies regardless of prior experience with biologics. Ustekinumab demonstrated the longest median drug survival. Notably, patients discontinuing therapy due to inefficacy exhibited higher DLQI scores, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment selection and timely consideration of therapy changes when inefficacy is established.