bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning and expression of a ferritin subunit forGalleria mellonella
Authors: Kim Beom Su , Yun Chi Young , Yeo Sung Moon , Lee Hye Jeong , Kim Hak R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFerritin was purified from iron‐fedGalleria mellonellahemolymph by ultra centrifugation and FPLC (Superose 6). SDS‐PAGE revealed three bands of 26, 30, and 32 kDa. The ferritin 26 kDa subunit cDNA was obtained from RT‐PCR using primer designed from N‐terminal sequence analysis. 5′‐RACE was used to obtain the complete protein coding sequence. The sequence encodes a 211 amino acid polypeptide including a 20 amino acid leader peptide. An IRE (iron‐responsive element) sequence with a predicted stem‐loop structure was present in the 5′‐UTR of ferritin mRNA. Sequence alignment has a sequence identity withCalpodes ethlius(S)(74%),Drosophila melanogaster(50%), andAedes aegypti(39%). Northern blot analysis indicated that there were 1.5‐ and 1.75‐fold increases in the expression of ferritin mRNA after iron‐fed fat body and midgut, respectively. Also, we confirmed that the ferritin mRNA is not expressed in adult ovary and testis. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 47:8–17, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The hydroid Hydractinia: a versatile, informative cnidarian representative
Authors: Frank Uri , Leitz Thomas , Müller Werner A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Cnidaria represent the most ancient eumetazoan phylum. Members of this group possess typical animal cells and tissues such as sensory cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and epithelia. Due to their unique phylogenetic position, cnidarians have traditionally been used as a reference group in various comparative studies. We propose the colonial marine hydroid, Hydractinia, as a convenient, versatile platform for basic and applied research in developmental biology, reproduction, immunology, environmental studies and more. In addition to being a typical cnidarian representative, Hydractinia offers many practical and theoretical advantages: studies that are feasible in Hydra like regeneration, pattern regulation, and cell renewal from stem cells, can be supplemented by genetic analyses and classical embryology in Hydractinia. Metamorphosis of the planula larva of Hydractinia can be used as a model for cell activation and communication and the presence of a genetically controlled allorecognition system makes it a suitable model for comparative immunology. Most importantly, Hydractinia may be manipulated at most aspects of its (short) life cycle. It has already been the subject of many studies in various disciplines, some of which are discussed in this essay. BioEssays 23:963–971, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of the geometry of microfabricated flow reactors on chemiluminescent detection of epinephrine with lucigenin
Authors: Kamidate Tamio , Kaide Tomoyuki , Tani Hirofumi , Makino Eiji , Shibata Takayuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree types of flow reactors with different lengths (12–126 mm) and widths (0.4–2.0 mm) of channel were made on the silicon chip by microfabrication techniques for the chemiluminescent (CL) detection of epinephrine (EP) with lucigenin (Luc). The volume of each CL reactor was about 10 µL. A solution containing EP and Luc and a solution containing NaOH and periodate were injected successively into each inlet of the CL reactor in the range 20–100 µL/min with a pressure‐driven flow system. The intensity of light emission was dependent on the geometry of the flow reactors. These results could be explained in terms of the differences in the diffusion length of the reactants in the flow reactors. The maximum light emission were linearly correlated, with the concentrations of EP over the range from the detection limit of 5.0 × 10−8 mol/L up to 5.0 × 10−6 mol/L on the use of the CL reactor with the most promising geometry. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive characterization of human stratum corneum of undiseased skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis as studied by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Vollmann Anke , Wartewig Siegfried , Marsch Wolfgang C. , Neubert Reinhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEtiopathogenetic regulatory disorders of epidermal metabolism and the subsequent changes in the molecular pattern of the stratum corneum play an important role in the clinical differentiation of particular dermatoses (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis). In this study we present in vitro Fourier transform Raman spectra of the stratum corneum from healthy skin, as well as from clinically undiseased skin of the right heel of atopic and psoriatic volunteers. Differences in the averaged spectra were detected, particularly in the spectral ranges of 1112–1142 (lipid band), 1185–1220, and 1394–1429 cm−1. By using the first derivative of the averaged spectra and/or a statistical evaluation of the spectroscopic data it was possible to distinguish the skin types examined. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 141–146, 2001
Resonance Raman spectroscopic studies in copper reconstituted and hybrid hemoglobins: Probe into subunit heterogeneity
Authors: Swarnalatha V. , Balakrishnan G. , Manoharan P. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCopper reconstituted hemoglobin (CuHb), copper containing T‐state hybrid hemoglobins like α2(Ni)β2(Cu), and α2(Cu)β2(Ni), and intermediate R‐state hybrids like α2(CO‐Fe)β2(Cu) and α2(Cu)β2(Fe‐CO) are studied using resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy at two different excitation wavelengths. The high frequency RR region in CuHb indicates the presence of both 4‐ and 5‐coordinate forms of Cu(II). In hybrid Hbs, the presence of two distinct metal ion environments within one particular subunit is evident. This is also consistent with previous findings using EPR spectroscopy and sulfydryl reactivity studies on these hybrid Hbs. The low frequency RR region on these copper derivatives of HbA further suggests the existence of two different heme moieties within the subunit. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 156–166, 2002
Mapping nucleotide binding site of calcium ATPase with IR spectroscopy: Effects of ATP γ‐phosphate binding
Authors: Liu Man , Barth Andreas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe changes in the IR spectra of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase upon nucleotide binding are recorded in H2O at 1°C in different buffers [imidazole, methylimidazole, 3‐(N‐morpholino)propanesulfonic acid, and phosphate] at different pH values (pH 6.5–7.8). The difference spectra of nucleotide binding are sensitive to the composition of the solvent. With methylimidazole at pH 7.5 providing the largest binding‐induced signals, the effects of γ‐phosphate binding are investigated using ATP, ADP, and β,γ‐iminoadenosine 5′‐triphosphate. The γ‐phosphate contributes ∼20% to the conformational change seen by IR spectroscopy and affects the β‐sheet structures. The IR experiments also reveal the known affinity difference between ADP and ATP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 267–270, 2002
Structural features of model glycopeptides in solution and in membrane phase: A spectroscopic and molecular mechanics investigation
Authors: Stella L. , Venanzi M. , Carafa M. , Maccaroni E. , Straccamore M. E. , Zanotti G. , Palleschi A. , Pispisa B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractModel glycopeptides of the general formula Boc–Ala–Thr(G–D)–A1–A2–Leu–Leu–Lys(N)–Ala–OMe, where D = dansyl (dimethyl aminonaphthalenesulphonyl), G = glucosyl and N = naphthyl, while A1–A2 = Ala–Leu or Aib–Aib, and denoted as D–G–Ala–N and D–G–Aib–N, respectively, were used to investigate glycoprotein–membrane interactions. They carry two fluorophores (D and N), covalently linked to the glucose ring and the lysine side chain, respectively, while the threonine side chain is O‐glycosylated. CD spectra in different solvent media suggest that both glycopeptides attain an ordered structure, possibly a helix‐like conformation. By combining FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) experiments with molecular mechanics data, the most probable structures of both glycopeptides were built up, starting from both a right‐handed (rh) α‐ and 310‐helix. They were found to populate an α‐helical conformation, a result further confirmed by the very good agreement between theoretical and experimental quenching efficiency only observed when the backbone chain was in α‐helix. The association of D–G–Ala–N with model membranes (liposomes) was studied by CD, fluorescence decay, fluorescence anisotropy, and collisional quenching experiments. The binding does not alter the structural features of the peptide because the CD spectral patterns are unaffected by the association. The peptide orientation inside the phospholipidic bilayer is guided by the polar glucose molecule lying in the water phase. The insertion of the hydrophobic backbone chain into the membrane, seeing the probes only partially accessible from the external solution, is characterized by a significant degree of heterogeneity, an increase in vesicles size, and a relevant stabilizing effect on the membrane itself against rupture by methanol. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 64: 44–56, 2002
Decolorization of reactive dyes by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor in sequencing batch reactors
Authors: Borchert Maren , Libra Judy A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe white rot fungus Trametes versicolor was shown to be capable of decolorizing three reactive dyes in a sequencing batch process, using glucose as the carbon and energy source over an extended period without supplementation of new mycelium. Decolorization activity was related to the expression of extracellular peroxidases and could be continuously reactivated by sheering the suspended pellets. Pure culture experiments were carried out simultaneously in agitated Erlenmeyer flasks and in completely stirred tank reactors with two azo dyes, C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Reactive Red 198 as well as the anthraquinone dye C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (Brilliant Blue R). Results show high and stable degrees of decolorization of 91%–99% in both systems, which could be repeated without decrease in activity over time. Under nonsterile conditions only five cycles of decolorization could be achieved. An increasing bacterial population suppressed fungal growth and the formation of peroxidases. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 313–321, 2001.
Scaleable downstream recovery of nematodes used as biopesticides
Authors: Wilson J.A. , Pearce J.D. , Shamlou P. Ayazi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study assesses the suitability of sieving as a scaleable technique for the separation of adult nematodes from infective juveniles, the latter is an effective bioinsecticide whereas the former is waste material resulting from the fermentation process. Batch and semibatch experiments using conventional flow‐assisted wet sieving and a novel cross‐flow sieving technique were used to study the separation of juveniles from adult nematodes. The experiments were carried out using small‐scale devices and the data were analyzed in terms of the screen effectiveness factor. The results were used to identify the sieve size and operating conditions for optimum juvenile recovery. It was found that, for a given species of nematode, optimum recovery was achieved when sieving was carried out in the cross‐flow mode, the maximum recovery being a function of the size of the screen. Industrial‐scale self‐cleaning equipment capable of large‐scale continuous screening was used to confirm the capacity of the small‐scale operation for scale‐up. Experimental results with this unit showed that in continuous operation sieving time is an additional parameter that influences separation performance. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 733–740, 2001.
Stabilization of α‐chymotrypsin by ionic liquids in transesterification reactions
Authors: Lozano Pedro , de Diego Teresa , Guegan Jean‐Paul , Vaultier Michel , Iborra José L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFive different ionic liquids, based on dialkylimidazolium and quaternary ammonium cations associated with perfluorinated and bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl amide anions, were used as reaction media to synthesize N‐acetyl‐L‐tyrosine propyl ester by transesterification with α‐chymotrypsin at 2% (v/v) water content at 50°C. The synthetic activity was reduced by the increase in alkyl chains length of cations and by increases in anion size, which was related to the decrease in polarity. Incubation of the enzyme (with and without substrate) in ionic liquids exhibited first‐order deactivation kinetics at 50°C, allowing determination of deactivation rate constants and half‐life times (1–3 h). Ionic liquids showed a clear relative stabilization effect on the enzyme, which was improved by increased chain length of the alkyl substituents on the imidazolium ring cations and the anion size. This effect was 10‐times enhanced by the presence of substrate. For example, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate increased the α‐chymotrypsin half‐life by 200 times in the presence of substrate with respect to the 1‐propanol medium. These results show that ionic liquids are excellent enzyme‐stabilizing agents and reaction media for clean biocatalysis in non‐conventional conditions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 563–569, 2001.
A morphologically structured model for penicillin production
Authors: Birol Gülnur , Ündey Cenk , Parulekar Satish J. , Çınar Ali 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA morphologically structured model is proposed to describe penicillin production in fed‐batch cultivations. The model accounts for the effects of dissolved oxygen on cell growth and penicillin production and variations in volume fractions of abiotic and biotic phases due to biomass formation. Penicillin production is considered to occur in the subapical hyphal cell compartment and to be affected by availability of glucose and oxygen. As it stands, the model provides a wide range of applicability in terms of operating conditions. The model has been tested for various conditions and has given satisfactory results. A series of glucose feeding profiles have been considered to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed model. It is concluded that the model may be valuable for the interpretation of experimental data collected specifically for metabolic flux analysis during fed‐batch cultivation because the elements of measured specific production rates are determined from measurements of the concentrations of the components and their mass balances. The proposed model may be further used for developing control strategies and model order reduction algorithms. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 538–552, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10115
Continuous pH monitoring in a perfused bioreactor system using an optical pH sensor
Authors: Jeevarajan Antony S. , Vani Sundeep , Taylor Thomas D. , Anderson Melody M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMonitoring and regulating the pH of the solution in a bioprocess is one of the key steps in the success of bioreactor operation. An in‐line optical pH sensor, based on the optical absorption properties of phenol red present in the medium, was developed and tested in this work for use in NASA space bioreactors based on a rotating wall‐perfused vessel system supporting a baby hamster kidney (BHK‐21) cell culture. The sensor was tested over three 30‐day and one 124‐day cell runs. The pH sensor initially was calibrated and then used during the entire cell culture interval. The pH reported by the sensor was compared to that measured by a fiber optically coupled Shimadzu spectrophotometer and a blood gas analyzer. The maximum standard error of prediction for all the four cell runs for development pH sensor against BGA was ±0.06 pH unit and for the fiber optically coupled Shimadzu spectrophotometer against the blood gas analyzer was ±0.05 pH unit. The pH sensor system performed well without need of recalibration for 124 days. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 467–472, 2002.
How psychiatrists and judges assess the dangerousness of persons with mental illness: an ‘expertise bias’
Authors: Poletiek Fenna H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen assessing dangerousness of mentally ill persons with the objective of making a decision on civil commitment, medical and legal experts use information typically belonging to their professional frame of reference. This is investigated in two studies of the commitment decision. It is hypothesized that an ‘expertise bias’ may explain differences between the medical and the legal expert indefiningthe dangerousness concept (study 1), and in assessing theseriousnessof the danger (study 2). Judges define dangerousness more often as harming others, whereas psychiatrists more often include harm to self in the definition. In assessing the seriousness of the danger, experts tend to be more tolerant with regard to false negatives, as the type of behavior is more familiar to them. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What do we really know about witness preparation?
Authors: Boccaccini Marcus T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWitnesses often meet with an attorney or witness preparation specialist before trial to review, discuss, and sometimes modify the substance and delivery of their anticipated testimony. This process is commonly referred to as witness preparation. During witness preparation, witnesses are taught to use effective testimony delivery skills (e.g., verbal and nonverbal communication skills) so that they will be perceived as being credible and persuasive in the courtroom. Although social scientists know much about communication skills, credibility, and persuasion, few published studies have attempted to determine whether or not these factors can be modified through witness preparation training. The present article reviews the psychological literature pertaining to witness preparation and makes recommendations for needed witness preparation research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equality in hiring permanent resident foreign nationals in the United States: when loyalty is the question, but not the issue
Authors: Wiersma Uco Jay 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPermanent resident foreign nationals, who have been legally admitted to the United States, have the right to work. However, when deciding the constitutionality of a state statute that requires citizenship for a public domain job, the rights of permanent residents to seek gainful employment are balanced against the rights of state governments to ensure that important sovereign functions are entrusted only to their citizens. Several important Supreme Court decisions have been 5/4 split decisions because of this tension and dissenting judges have countered that the majority rulings were based on presumptions, and not facts, that citizens are more loyal than permanent residents. The judges have also disagreed about the level, within a civil service hierarchy, below which a citizenship requirement is unconstitutional. This article reviews United States court decisions for relevant issues and solutions, and shows how empirical studies in the area of human resource management can help resolve the issues that have caused the dissent. The analysis will be useful to legal and human resource professionals in the U.S. and other countries affected by surging global migration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomical evidence for the absence of a morphologically distinct cranial root of the accessory nerve in man
Authors: Lachman Nirusha , Acland Robert D. , Rosse Cornelius 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe accessory nerve is conventionally described as having a cranial and spinal root. According to standard descriptions the cranial root (or part) is formed by rootlets that emerge from the medulla between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. These rootlets are considered to join the spinal root, travel with it briefly, then separate within the jugular foramen to become part of the vagus nerve. In 15 fresh specimens we exposed the posterior cranial fossa with a coronal cut through the foramen magnum and explored the course of each posterior medullary rootlet (PMR) arising from within the retro‐olivary groove. We chose the caudal end of the olive as the landmark for the caudal end of the medulla. In all specimens every PMR that did not contribute to the glossopharyngeal nerve joined the vagus nerve at the jugular foramen. The distance between the caudal limit of the olive and the origin of the most caudal PMR that contributed to the vagus nerve ranged from 1–21 mm (mean = 8.8 mm). All rootlets that joined the accessory nerve arose caudal to the olive. The distance from the caudal limit of the olive and the most rostral accessory rootlet ranged from 1–15 mm (mean = 5.4 mm). We were unable to demonstrate any connection between the accessory and vagus nerves within the jugular foramen. Our findings indicate that the accessory nerve has no cranial root; it consists only of the structure hitherto referred to as its spinal root. Clin. Anat. 15:4–10, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemopreventive efficacy of selenium against N‐nitrosodiethylamine‐induced hepatoma in albino rats
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu C. , Prince Vijeya Singh J. , Selvendiran K. , Sakthisekaran D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic effect of sodium selenite on tricarboxylic acid cycle key enzymes was investigated against hepatoma induced by environmental carcinogen N‐nitrosodiethylamine. Decreased activities of TCA cycle key enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α‐KGDH) in hepatoma and surrounding tissues of hepatoma‐bearing rats were observed. Upon selenium supplementation the above biochemical changes were reverted in a dose‐ and duration‐dependent manner. This study further confirms the chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic effect of sodium selenite which is found to be more effective in the initiation phase of carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual Enrollment for Underrepresented Student Populations
Authors: Hugo Esther B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe dual enrollment program at Santa Monica College facilitates the school‐to‐college transition and improves access to college for diverse populations. Traditionally underrepresented students, whose college options have suffered in light of a hostile political climate evidenced by the Hopwood decision, Proposition 209, and Proposition 187, may gain access to college curricula and develop a positive academic self‐image based on successful participation in a dual enrollment program.
Stenting for coronary artery spasm
Authors: Khatri Shailesh , Webb John G. , Carere Ronald G. , Dodek Arthur 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe evaluated coronary stenting in nine patients with clinically severe, angiographically documented spasm refractory to aggressive pharmacologic management. No patient subsequently developed unstable ischemia requiring hospitalization as a consequence of recurrent spasm within the stent. Mechanisms of therapeutic failure included both peristent spasm and spasm in a different artery in one patient. Restenosis occurred in three patients who subsequently underwent repeat revascularization. In the rare, carefully selected patient, stents may represent an adjunct in the management of focal coronary artery spasm, although currently medical therapy remains the standard initial approach. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:16–20. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.