bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Review of The State and Dominant Groups in the Economy: The Approach of Institutional Political Eceonomy by Anna Ząbkowicz
Authors: Pietrzak Michał , Chlebicka Aleksandra 
Published: January 2024

Book review of The State and Dominant Groups in the Economy: The Approach of Institutional Political Eceonomy [published in Polish as Państwo wobec grup dominujących w gospodarce – perspektywa instytucjonalnej ekonomii politycznej] by Anna Ząbkowicz. By combining the achievements of political economics and institutional economics, Anna Ząbkowicz proposed the term ‘institutional political economics’ in the title. The book reflects on the state–economy relation, including the perspective synthetically combining these two approaches. Ząbkowicz aimed to study the dominant entities in the economy, and the state’s role in relation to them. Ząbkowicz claimed that the entities have enough power to impose their agenda on their environment, more often including the state. The state is subject to pressure from various interest groups, including big business, by building key institutions for the functioning of the economy and implementing public policies. In consequence, the modern economy results largely from a game between the state and said groups. In the perspective adopted by Ząbkowicz, what matters is the relationship between power and dependence, and the institutionalisation of the economic and political process. This approach differs significantly from the neoclassical mainstream in economics, making the reviewed book a very interesting read. The review will comprise two parts. The first one will discuss Ząbkowicz’s main ideas. The second one will evaluate the monograph by listing its merits and polemicizing with some of its theses.
THEMATIC RELATIONS: A STUDY ON CONCEPTUAL COMPOSITION IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
Authors: Peres Mayda Rangel Gomes , Soto Marije 
Published: January 2024

This study explores the processing of noun-prep-noun combinations in prepositional phrases in Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on the syntactic-semantic relationship marked by prepositions, implies the semantic sense in which the noun is being modified. We chose to contrast particularly two types of thematic relationships like 'made of' and 'made for’, categorized as: material and function (e.g. ‘toalha de crochê’, crocheted cloth vs. agulha de crochê, crochet needle). To do so, we conducted two psycholinguistic experiments: Experiment 1 consisted of a self-paced reading/picture matching task to investigate the impact of semantic relationship on processing time; and Experiment 2 employed a cloze task (e.g. ‘toalha de ______’) and Likert scale likelihood judgments to norm the stimuli and assess cognitive preferences for the types of relation explored (i.e., material or function). Our results revealed slower reading times for the function type relation, suggesting a higher processing demand, possibly due to covert semantic computations required for this relation. Cloze completions and likelihood ratings also indicated a cognitive preference for this type of relationship. We attribute these observed patterns to the robust syntactic-semantic relationship inherent to functional type relations, coupled with a broader range of potential response options. In contrast, material type relations demonstrated a higher level of convergence among participants for cloze responses, likely due to more restricted response options and, consequently, increased probability. Future EEG studies are proposed to identify specific moments in the cognitive processing of the constituents of these structures and assess possible anticipatory effects of prepositional phrase modifiers. These discoveries make a meaningful contribution to the broader literature on language processing, aligning with analogous patterns observed in different languages with a cognitive distinction between thematic relations and feature-based (i.e., telic and constitutive relations), such as in Wisniewsky & Love, 1998; Estes et al., 2003, 2011; Pustejovsky et al., 2016; Flick et al., 2021.
DEPENDENCE OF THE BENDING RADII OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES LINEAR PART ON THE STRENGTH GROUP OF PIPE STEEL
Authors: Usmanov R. R. , Chuchkalov M. V. , Yarovoy A. V. , Islamov I. M. , Askarov G. R. , Askarov R. M. , Kitaev S. V. 
Published: January 2024

The reliability of operation of the linear part of the main gas pipelines is ensured by compliance with the design, and therefore regulatory requirements for the stress-strain state.
In relation to the bending radii of the linear part of the main gas pipelines measured by means of in-line technical diagnostics, Standard technical specification for carrying out in-line diagnostics at the facilities of the linear part of the Gazprom gas pipelines with a distribution according to the degree of danger, categories: «A», «B» and «C» has been developed. Its fundamental difference from the Standart SP 86, with a limit on bending radii of 1000D or more, it is allowed to operate main gas pipelines with bending radii of 500D, category «C» (until the results of the next in-line diagnostics), and is not extremely unacceptable, category «A» 250D or less. However, it extends it to all pipe steels.
Earlier studies have proved that in areas with bending radii less than 1000D, the longitudinal stresses are close in magnitude to the bending ones, which allows, according to the magnitude of the radii measured by in-line diagnostics, to evaluate the longitudinal stresses.
Using the examples of main gas pipelines, the analysis of gas transport modes was carried out, which means that the average monthly gas pressure is relatively stable, and temperature stresses vary in both directions, with maximum bursts up to +15 °C.
It is proposed, methodically, to evaluate longitudinal stresses in areas with bending radii less than 1000D, to use the formula of bending stresses Standart SP36 a, as short-term loads, to take into account stresses from temperature drop casts.
In accordance with the proposed methodology, it is confirmed that the bending radius 500D provides in-line diagnostics of main gas pipelines in accordance with the criteria Standart SP36 for K60 and K52 pipe steels, and the bending radius 250D for K60 pipe steel. With regard to K52 pipe steel, it is recommended to clarify r = 333D (304 MPa), instead of r = 250D (412 MPa).
Local Government-Led Climate Governance and Social Inclusion: The Case Study of J County in China
Authors: Yan Chunhua , Luo Yajuan 
Published: January 2024

Social inclusion in climate governance is related to social justice and inclusive climate justice explicitly aims to open up climate policy and politics to a broader range of actors and voices, especially those most exposed to climate‐related injustice. This article employs qualitative research methods to comprehensively examine the issue of social inclusion in the context of local government‐led climate governance in J County, Zhejiang province, China. The study finds that the climate governance in J County demonstrates a certain degree of social inclusion in terms of participation by local farmers and benefit distribution. However, this social inclusion has a hidden fragility: It is limited and unstable. The limited social inclusion is manifested in the fact that, throughout the entire process, bamboo farmers were unable to participate due to their lack of a comprehensive understanding of the climate governance action plan, and the distribution of climate governance benefits is characterised by a lack of transparency in the design process and uncertainty regarding potential benefits. The unstable social inclusion is manifested in the great differences in the environmental governance actions of J County in different periods, especially regarding public participation and benefit distribution. Fundamentally, this is mainly due to the significant influence of China’s unique top‐down performance evaluation system on local government‐led climate governance actions in J County. Social inclusion in local government‐led environmental governance may again be marginalised if the top‐down performance evaluation indicators faced by local governments change in the future.
THE ROLE OF SEPTOCOLUMELLAR SUTURE IN TIP PLASTY IN PRIMARY OPEN RHINOPLASTY
Authors: Abdulkareem Hiwa 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundProper nasal tip control is a difficult step in rhinoplasty, and maintaining a proper nasal tip projection and rotation is mandatory in rhinoplasty, septocolumellar suture is a single maneuver that is useful for getting a stable nasal tip with the desired projection and rotation.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of septocolumellar suture on the degree of nasal tip projection and rotation by comparing the pre and postoperative results.
Patient and MethodsA prospective, descriptive study was conducted in the period from Jan 2019 –to Dec 2019 on 50 patients with ages ranging (18- 44), underwent primary open rhinoplasty in (ENT, Head and Neck Surgery Sulaimani Teaching Center) and (Zhyan Private Hospital), follow up was done three and six months postoperatively, the nasal tip projection and rotation were assessed, and were compared with the preoperative data and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 22.
ResultsAmong included patients, all underwent an open rhinoplasty with septocolumellar suture, 72 % of them are female and 28% of them are male, with the age range of (18-44), the Goode’s ratio increased to 52% and decreased in 48%, and The nasolabial angle increased from 89.33 to 98.94, so the nasal tip rotation increased.
ConclusionsThe septocolumellar suture technique is a useful manoeuvre to decrease and increase the nasal tip projection to a limited range and increase nasal tip rotation, so it is a useful way to achieve these two changes with a single manoeuvre.
EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE NECK POSITION ON DOSIMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE OESOPHAGUS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING SUPRACLAVICULAR IRRADIATION
Authors: Amin Soma , Faraj Kharman 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundA limited number of publications examine approaches to decreasing esophageal dose and acute esophagitis during breast cancer radiotherapy (RT).
ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the effect of the two different neck positions when the neck turned to the contralateral side or straight on dosimetric parameters such as mean dose (Dmean) maximum dose (Dmax), and volume of esophagus receiving doses (Vx), in breast patients (BC) who require supraclavicular irradiation.
Materials and MethodsOf all patients undergoing chest wall and supraclavicular regional node irradiation with a dose of 40Gy in 15 fractions, 25 patients were simulated with their necks straight (NS) group, whereas 25 patients with tilted neck position (NT) group. Dmean, Dmax, V5, V10, V15, and V20 were calculated and converted to EQD2 (Equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions).
ResultsDmean, V5, V10, V15, and V20 were significantly lower in (straight neck position) SN group patients when compared to the (tilted neck position) TN group (P values <0.05). Dmax was slightly higher in the SN group than the NT group (p= 0.083). When the laterality of breast cancer was evaluated in the two groups, all dosimetric parameters (Dmax, Dmean, V5, V10, V15, and V20 ) were higher in left-sided breast cancer as compared in right-sided breast cancer for SN and NT groups (P values <0.05).
ConclusionWe found that the positioning of a straight neck resulted in considerable oesophagal sparing. Therefore, esophagitis may be reduced, which substantially impacts the quality of life of BC survivors.
THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PREVALENCE OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INFERIOR ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Abdullah Hadi , Fatah Hussain , Omar Kamaran 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundRight ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is associated with acute inferior STEMI in 30 to 50 % of cases and poor outcome of RVMI is usually related to profound hemodynamic and electrical complications, which occur in approximately 50 % of cases . In contrast, RVMI associated with anterior wall myocardial infarction in less than 10% of cases and isolated RV infarction is rare. It is the posterior RV wall that is most frequently involved in RV infarction and nearly always in association with left ventricular posterior and posteroseptal infarction .So right precordial leads (V4R & V5R) are recommended in patients with acute inferior STEMI, especially in the presence of hypotension and bradycardia.
ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of right ventricular infarction (RVI) in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (AIMI) within 24 hours of starting manifestations of infarction who got suitable precordial ECG and to detect associated risk factors that increase the risk of RVI in the setting of inferior MI in Sulaimani city/Kurdistan region/Iraq.
MethodsOne hundred patients with acute Inferior STEMI were included in the study. A simplified cardiovascular questionnaire was used, and a detailed physical examination and a standard 12-lead ECG, RPLs, and cardiac enzyme assay were carried out.
ResultsRight Ventricular Infarction RVI was present in 39% of cases with acute inferior STEMI. The age group 50-59 years was most commonly affected (57.9%). Females more commonly have RVI than males. There was no significant difference between patients with RVI and non-RVI regarding residence and occupation. Both hypertension HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the most dominant chronic diseases (55 % and 45 %, respectively).
ConclusionRight ventricular infarction was found in 39% of patients with acute inferior STEMI. Right precordial leads (V4R & V5R) are recommended in patients with acute inferior STEMI, especially in the presence of hypotension and bradycardia.
THREE Y-V FLAP FOR RELEASING OF FIRST WEB SPACE CONTRACTURE OF THE HAND
Authors: Ahmed Kosar , Abdulkarim Dana 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundFirst web space contracture could be caused by burns, infection, trauma, paralytic, arthritis, congenital abnormality, and abnormal immobilization that led to functional limitation of the surgical procedure, including three Y-V flaps.
ObjectivesTo review the outcome of patients with a contracture of the first web space that released contracture using 3 Y-V flaps and evaluate the opening degree of the first web space angle.
Patients and MethodsTwenty-eight patients with post-burn contracture of the first web space at Sulaimani Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital were included from April 2019 to April 2022. The patients were treated using the 3 Y-V plasty technique, and pre-/post-operative angles were measured with a goniometer.
ResultsThe mean age of the studied patients was 36.9±9.0. The angle was improved with a preoperative mean value of 39.26 to 58.75 after the operation. Among four recurrent contracture cases, three were due to electrical burns, while another was caused by flap necrosis. Small pieces of skin graft were not the cause of recurrence in this study.
ConclusionThree Y-V plasty is a successful surgical intervention in reconstructing the first web space contracture. However, we suggest excluding patients who cannot use their hands in their daily activities, especially when the contracture is due to electrical burn and associated with nerve injury/muscle contracture; correcting these problems before releasing the contracture is better.
PREVALENCE OF CAESAREAN SECTION NICHE IN WOMEN WITH PREVIOUS CAESAREAN SECTION AND ITS EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Authors: Rahim Gona 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe Cesarean Section (CS) rate has been increasing in recent practice worldwide as well as in Iraq, and there are many gynecological and obstetric problems related to CS also increasing in parallel to CS, some of them may be related to cesarean scar niche (CSN). There has yet to be a consensus about the gold standard method for diagnosing CSN, its prevalence, and the symptoms it causes.
ObjectiveThis study aims to fi nd the prevalence of CSN in women with previous CS and how common gynaecological symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding, are among women who have had cesarean section niches compared to women with no CSN.
Patients and MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted in private clinics of gynaecology and ultrasonography in Sulaymaniyah/Kurdistan/Iraq from December 2020 to May 2023. It involved 259 women with a history of previous Cesarean section for whom transvaginal ultrasound was done to fi nd the presence or absence of CSN. Accordingly, they divided into two groups: the first with CSN and the second with no CSN. Both groups followed prospectively for several parameters: postmenstrual spotting, intermenstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and subfertility—the chi-square test used for statistical analysis of the variables.
ResultsThis study was carried out on 259 women with a history of one or more CS. Diagnosis of CSN done by 2D TVU: 44% of them had CSN, and 66% had no CSN; the prevalence of CSN was higher in women with repeated CS (P˂0.001). Not all scar niches had symptoms but were frequently symptomatic; in this group, 50.9% were symptomatic, while in those with no CSN, 26.2% were symptomatic (P˂0.001). Postmenstrual spotting and dysmenorrhea were the most predominant symptoms, which were statistically significant compared to the group of no niche (P P˂0.001). At the same time, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and subfertility were not significantly increased. In the group of CSN, 44.73% had large, and 55.26% had small niches. Postmenstrual spotting and dysmenorrhea symptoms were more prevalent in women with large CSN than in small CSN (P˂0.001).
ConclusionThe prevalence of cesarean scar niche was 44% in women with previous CS, which can cause postmenstrual spotting and dysmenorrhea. More studies need to be addressed regarding intermenstrual bleeding, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and subfertility. Therefore, the practice of cesarean section on request is not recommended.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BLOOD PRESSURE LEVEL AMONG VISITORS OF SHAR TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SULAYMANIYAH CITY
Authors: Gharib Kalthum , Karim Sanaa , Majeed Maysam , Ali Lanya , Ahmad Sazyar , Omer Shokhan 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundObesity and Hypertension are major public health problems of global significance. The Framingham Study, a population-based study initiated in the United States, demonstrated that men and women had increased blood pressure with increased overweight.
ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure level in Sulaimani city.
Patients and MethodsThis is a descriptive-analytic quantitative study conducted in Sulaimani city for those who visited Shar Hospital from December 2021 to March 2022. Three hundred people were recruited (150 cases, 150 control). The sociodemographic characteristics and information regarding (the BP) and (BMI) of each person were collected. The data was collected by using a predesigned questionnaire by direct interview.
ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 50.2±18.3 years. (53.7%) were female (46.3%) were male. Most of them were married (85.7%), illiterate (30%), Occupation as a housewife (41%), and urban residents (77.7%). Sixteen. Seven percent had HTN for 1-5 years (50.3%) and had a family history of HTN, most of them from their mother (16%), non-diabetic (72.7%), non-smoker (73%), and non-alcoholic (96.7).
ConclusionsAccording to the result of the study, there was a significant relationship between BP (systolic and diastolic) and BMI.
Enhancing Motor Function in Chronic Diabetes: A Novel Approach with Conventional Exercises and a Diabetic Mat Intervention
Authors: Suraj B Kanase Et al. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The metabolic condition diabetes mellitus (DM) causes high blood glucose levels and chronic consequences such diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes neuropathy, which affects over half of diabetics, causes sensory and motor impairment and lowers quality of life. Traditional workouts have been used to treat these issues, but there is growing interest in new approaches such diabetic exercise mats. The study compares such a mat to standard activities for treating sensory and motor impairment in chronic diabetics.
Objectives: This study will compare diabetic exercise mat activities to traditional exercises for sensory and motor impairment in chronic diabetics. Designing the diabetic exercise mat, assessing the effects of conventional exercises on sensory dysfunction, and testing the mat's effects on motor dysfunction in this population are the goals.
Conclusion:After a thorough statistical analysis, presentation, and interpretation of the study's data, both traditional and mat-based exercises improved Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and Quantitative Sensory Testing. This study strongly suggests that exercises on the specifically designed mat are more effective than those on a standard mat. Therefore, the alternative theory is supported.
Comparing the Efficacy of Exercise Interventions and Conventional Therapies in Enhancing Functional Mobility for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Sandeep Shinde Et al. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Chronic autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis affects well-being and requires careful management. Flexible approaches are needed due to the disease's systemic and age-specific impacts. Exercise is encouraged by the limits of medicinal therapy. Social restrictions may promote inactivity, especially for RA patients, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional settings have downsides, but home training may help. This study fills gaps on home-based exercise's effect on RA pain and mobility. Home-based chronic illness management and patient-centered treatment are emphasised in shifting healthcare dynamics. The study may improve rheumatoid arthritis treatment and teach doctors how to adapt.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects 0.5% to 1.5% of the world's population and damages synovial joints. Joint destruction and systemic repercussions characterise this chronic inflammatory disease, which mostly affects women aged 30–55. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed RA management, leading to home-based activity programmes for patient safety and long-term health. RA management, COVID-19 difficulties, and flexible, patient-centered therapy are examined in this study.
Result: Systemic RA shortens life, damages joints, disables, and reduces quality of life. The global prevalence of RA is 0.5%–1.5%. RA patients struggle with COVID-19 control strategies that emphasise social distance and home activities. These programmes are useful for lowering socioeconomic restrictions. The study compares home exercise to standard therapy for RA patients' functional mobility. Six weeks of home-based or traditional exercises were given to 30 adults aged 30-60. Statistics showed significant improvements in both groups, notably household activities. This study proposes incorporating home exercise into professional practises for RA patients to improve pain management and quality of life, especially globally.
Conclusion: This study shows that RA patients need home-based fitness routines. Due to RA's chronic and systemic impact on joint health and the COVID-19 pandemic, home-based exercises are an effective treatment. In a six-week study of 30 30-60-year-olds, home-based and conventional treatments improved functional mobility and pain management. The home-based exercise group did well, confirming its efficacy. The study advises adding home-based exercise regimens to RA care to empower individuals to improve their quality of life and control health concerns