bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full Haplotype-Mismatched Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Phase II Study in Patients With Acute Leukemia at High Risk of Relapse
Authors: Aversa Franco , Terenzi Adelmo , Tabilio Antonio , Falzetti Franca , Carotti Alessandra , Ballanti Stelvio , Felicini Rita , Falcinelli Flavio , Velardi Andrea , Ruggeri Loredana , Aloisi Teresa , Saab Jean Pierre , Santucci Antonella , Perruccio Katia , Martelli Maria Paola , Mecucci Cristina , Reisner Yair , Martelli Massimo F. 
Published: March 2005

Purpose Establishment of hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC) transplantation from mismatched relatives is feasible for patients with acute leukemia. As our original method of graft processing was unsuitable for large-scale clinical studies, we use automated devices for CD34+ cell purification. Patients and Methods Sixty-seven patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 19 complete remission [CR] 1, 14 CR 2, nine CR > 2, 25 in relapse) and 37 with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL; 14 CR 1, eight CR 2, two CR > 2, 13 in relapse) were conditioned with total-body irradiation, thiotepa, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. Peripheral-blood progenitor cells were mobilized with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and depleted of T-cells using CD34+ cell immunoselection. No post-transplantation graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis was administered. Results Primary engraftment was achieved in 94 of 101 assessable patients. Six of the seven patients who rejected the primary graft, engrafted after a second transplantation. Overall, 100 of 101 patients engrafted. Acute GvHD developed in eight of 100 patients, and chronic GvHD, in five of 70 assessable patients. Thirty-eight patients died of nonleukemic causes. Relapse occurred in nine of 66 patients receiving transplantation in remission and in 17 of 38 receiving transplantation in relapse. Median follow-up of the 40 patients who survived event-free was 22 months (range, 1 to 65 months). Event-free survival (± standard deviation) rate was 48% ± 8% and 46% ± 10%, respectively, for the 42 AML and 24 ALL patients receiving transplantation in remission. Conclusion Our transplantation procedure provides reliable, reproducible CD34+ cell purification, high engraftment rates, and prevention of GvHD. The mismatched-related transplant emerges as a viable, alternative source of stem cells for acute leukemia patients without matched donors and/or those who urgently need transplantation.
Mechanisms underlying phonotactic steering in the cricketGryllus bimaculatusrevealed with a fast trackball system
Authors: Hedwig B. , Poulet J. F. A. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARYPhonotactic steering behaviour of the cricket G. bimaculatus was analysed with a new highly sensitive trackball system providing a spatial and temporal resolution of 127 μm and 0.3 ms, respectively. Orientation to artificial calling songs started at 45 dB SPL, it increased up to 75 dB SPL and then saturated. When exposed to two identical patterns of different intensity, crickets significantly steered towards the louder sound pattern,whenever the intensity difference was greater than 1 dB. Bilateral latency differences in sound presentation did not always cause clear orientation towards the leading side. The overall walking direction depended on the number of sound pulses perceived from the left or right side with the animals turning towards the side providing the larger number of pulses. The recordings demonstrated rapid changes in walking direction performed even during a chirp. These rapid steering responses occurred with a latency of 55–60 ms, well before the central nervous system had time to evaluate the temporal structure of a whole chirp. When every other sound pulse was presented from opposite directions, the crickets followed the temporal pattern of sound presentation and rapidly steered towards the left and right side. Steering towards individual sound pulses does not agree with the proposal that crickets analyse the quality of sound patterns and then steer towards the better pattern. Rather, these experiments suggest that fast steering to single sound pulses determines the lateral deviation of the animals and that complex auditory orientation emerges from this simple mechanism of auditory steering.
Human hopping on very soft elastic surfaces: implications for muscle pre-stretch and elastic energy storage in locomotion
Authors: Moritz Chet T. , Farley Claire T. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARY
During hopping in place and running, humans maintain similar center of mass dynamics by precisely adjusting leg mechanics to compensate for moderate changes in surface stiffness. We investigated the limits of this precise control by asking humans to hop in place on extremely soft elastic surfaces. We found that hoppers drastically altered leg mechanics and maintained similar center of mass dynamics despite a sevenfold change in surface stiffness(11–81 kN m-1). On the stiffest surfaces, the legs compressed in early stance and then extended in late stance in the pattern that is typical for normal bouncing gaits. On the softest surfaces, however, subjects reversed this pattern so that the legs extended up to 8 cm in early stance and then compressed by a similar distance in late stance. Consequently, the center of mass moved downward during stance by 5–7 cm less than the surface compressed and by a similar distance as on the stiffest surfaces. This unique leg action probably reduced extensor muscle pre-stretch because the joints first extended and then flexed during stance. This interpretation is supported by the observation that hoppers increased muscle activation by 50% on the softest surface despite similar joint moments and mechanical leg work as on the stiffest surface. Thus, the extreme adjustment to leg mechanics for very soft surfaces helps maintain normal center of mass dynamics but requires high muscle activation levels due to the loss of the normal extensor muscle stretch–shorten cycle.
Aging affects the retinoic acid and the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Feart C , Pallet V , Boucheron C , Higueret D , Alfos S , Letenneur L , Dartigues J F , Higueret P 
Published: March 2005

Background: Inadequate retinoid status has often been described as occurring with aging. Moreover, subclinical hypothyroid status has also been evoked in the elderly. Several studies performed in animals have described the crucial incidence of age-related hypo-functioning of retinoid and thyroid signalling pathways, particularly in the brain.Objective: The aim of the present study was to clarify whether aging modifies retinoid and thyroid signalling in humans.Methods: Using real-time RT-PCR the relative amount of mRNA of the retinoid (RARα, RARγ and RXRα) and thyroid (TRα and TRβ) nuclear receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of young (24–57 years old,n= 22) compared with elderly (69–90 years old,n= 24) healthy subjects was quantitated. Classical plasma parameters used to characterize the retinoid and thyroid status – retinol (ROH), retinol-binding protein (RBP), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and transthyretin (TTR) – were also assessed.Results: RARγ expression was significantly decreased in elderly versus young subjects while no modification of the retinoid-related plasma parameters ROH and RBP were emphasized by aging. Concerning thyroid criteria, the elderly exhibited an increase in TSH concentration (+39%) without significant modifications of FT3 and FT4, which indicated an age-related sub-clinical hypothyroidism. Concurrently, the amount of TR mRNA (α as well as β subtypes) was significantly decreased in the elderly.Conclusion: These data constitute the first evidence of an age-related hypo-activation of the retinoid and thyroid nuclear pathways in PBMC. Further study of the possible association between the expression of the retinoid and thyroid nuclear receptors and age-related cognitive alterations in humans would be interesting.
Distinction in gene expression profiles demonstrated in parathyroid adenomas by high-density oligoarray technology
Authors: Forsberg Lars , Björck Erik , Hashemi Jamileh , Zedenius Jan , Höög Anders , Farnebo Lars-Ove , Reimers Mark , Larsson Catharina 
Published: March 2005

Objectives: Somatic deletion of chromosome 11q13 is the most frequent genetic aberration in parathyroid adenoma. To gain further insight into the genetic etiology of parathyroid tumor development, we examined a comprehensive gene expression profile of parathyroid adenomas and normal parathyroid tissues. The results were then evaluated with respect to differences between adenomas and normal parathyroid tissue, and to the presence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosomal region 11q13.
Design and methods: Sporadic parathyroid adenomas and normal parathyroids were hybridized against HG-U95Av2 oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix) containing a total of 12 625 probe sets. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was performed in a larger series of parathyroid adenomas, in order to con-firm the microarray results.
Results: Cyclin D1 and c-Jun showed increased expression in adenomas vs normal parathyroids by microarray analysis and QRT-PCR, suggesting an oncogenic role of these genes in parathyroid tumor development. At unsupervised hierarchical clustering, the adenomas fell into two groups: Group I adenomas were characterized by 11q13 LOH, while Group II adenomas lacked this abnormality. In addition, a t-test analysis identified largely non-overlapping genes with differential expression in the tumors subgroups; e.g. in Group I tumors the putative oncogene ENC 1 was found highly over-expressed vs Group II adenomas.
Conclusions: The microarray analyses revealed partly distinctive and partly common expression profiles in parathyroid adenomas with and without 11q13 LOH. In addition, approximately half of the under-expressed genes were mapped to chromosome 11, in agreement with a dose effect following loss of this chromosome.
Multiscale Modeling of Deformation in Polycrystalline Thin Metal Films on Substrates
Authors: Hartmaier A. , Buehler M. J. , Gao H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe time‐dependent irreversible deformation of a thin metal film constrained by a substrate is investigated by a mesoscopic discrete dislocation simulation scheme incorporating information from atomistic studies of dislocation nucleation mechanisms. The simulations take into account dislocation climb along the grain boundaries in the film as well as dislocation glide along slip planes inclined and parallel to the film/substrate interface. The calculated flow stress and other features are compared with relevant experimental observations. The work is focused on deformation of a polycrystalline film without a cap layer, for which diffusive processes play an important role. The dislocation‐based simulations reveal information on the prevailing deformation mechanisms under different conditions and for different film thicknesses. Despite of the limitations of the two‐dimensional dislocation model, the simulations exhibit a film thickness dependent transition between creep dominated and dislocation glide dominated deformation, which is in good agreement with experimental observations.
Reaction of phenyltrifluorosilane with 8‐hydroxy‐ or 8‐mercapto‐quinoline and their derivatives as a route to new heterocyclic compounds of pentacoordinate silicon
Authors: Voronkov Mikhail G. , Trofimova Olga M. , Chernov Nikolai F. , Albanov Aleksandr I. , Chipanina Nina N. , Grebneva Ekaterina A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe protodesilylation of phenyltrifluorosilane with 8‐hydroxy‐ and 8‐mercapto‐quinoline NC9H6YH (Y: O, 1a; S, 1b) affords the novel intramolecular pentacoordinate silanes (N $\longrightarrow$ Si) 8‐(trifluorosiloxy)‐ and (N $\longrightarrow$ Si) 8‐(trifluorosilylthio)‐quinoline respectively. The (N $\longrightarrow$ Si) 8‐(Phenyldifluorosiloxy)‐ and (N $\longrightarrow$ Si) 8‐(phenyldifluorosilylthio)‐quinolines prepared by the transsilylation reaction of trimethylsilyl derivatives of heterocycles 1a and 1b by phenyltrifluorosilane possess a similar pentacoordinate structure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First example of ‘palladium‐nanoparticle’‐catalyzed selective alcoholysis of polyhydrosiloxane: a new approach to macromolecular grafting
Authors: Chauhan Bhanu P. S. , Rathore Jitendra S. , Glloxhani Naim 
Published: March 2005

Abstract‘Palladium‐polysiloxane’ nanocomposites were synthesized as stable and isolable powder by reduction of Pd(OAc)2 with polymethylhydrosiloxane, which functions as a reducing agent and as a capping agent for the generation and stabilization of ‘palladium’‐nanoclusters. Redispersion of ‘palladium‐polysiloxane’ nanocomposite in common organic solvents, in the presence of polymethylhydrosiloxane, yielded catalytically active polysiloxane‐wrapped soluble ‘palladium’‐nanoclusters. Polysiloxane‐encapsulated ‘palladium’‐nanoclusters were used as recyclable catalyst for macromolecular grafting via alcoholysis of polyhydrosiloxane. Selective alcoholysis of polyhydrosiloxane took place in fair to excellent yields under moderate reaction conditions with a variety of alcohols (primary, secondary, tertiary/sterically bulky and functional alcohols). ‘In situ’ electron microscopy studies of the reaction mixtures in conjunction with controlled poisoning experiments revealed catalytic participation of ‘palladium’‐nanoclusters during substitution reactions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and applications of polysiloxane networks with immobilized pyrogallol ligands
Authors: Saadeh Salman M. , El‐Ashgar Nizam M. , El‐Nahhal Issa M. , Chehimi Mohamed M. , Maquet Jocelyne , Babonneau Florence 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA porous, solid insoluble polysiloxane‐immobilized ligand system bearing pyrogallol active sites of the general formula P(CH2)3NH(CH2)3OC6H3(OH)2 (where P represents [SiO]n siloxane network) has been prepared by the reaction of 3‐aminopropylpolysiloxane with 1,3‐dibromopropane followed by the reaction with pyrogallol. 13C CP‐MAS NMR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the pyrogallol is chemically bonded to the siloxane backbone. Thermal analysis showed that the ligand system is stable under nitrogen at relatively high temperature. The polysiloxane–pyrogallol ligand system exhibits high potential for the uptake of the metal ions (Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+). Complexation of the pyrogallol ligand system for the metal ions at the optimum conditions was found to be in the order Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐temperature preparation of crystalline barium sulfide
Authors: Tang Yongjun , Dunphy Darren R. , Kemp Richard A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBarium sulfide (BaS) is a compound with many uses, both commercially and in the scientific research world. Normally, BaS is prepared from the high‐temperature reduction of barite (BaSO4) with carbon, a process that eliminates CO2 as a by‐product. Temperatures during the reduction step can be as high as 1200 °C. We now demonstrate that barium disilylamides can be used as precursors to the formation of crystalline BaS in their reactions with hydrogen sulfide gas. As a major advantage, the temperature of BaS production can be lowered to 25–200 °C. The by‐products formed during the reaction are ammonium sulfides, resulting from the acid–base reaction of the liberated amines with excess H2S. Fortunately, these salts decompose thermally in vacuum under mild conditions. As determined by X‐ray powder diffraction, the BaS formed in this reaction is crystalline, in the face‐centered cubic space group Fm3m. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biorational insecticides: Mechanism and cross‐resistance
Authors: Ishaaya Isaac , Kontsedalov Svetlana , Horowitz A. Rami 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPotency and cross‐resistance of various biorational insecticides, exemplified by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, have been studied. Bemisia tabaci were exposed to the juvenile hormone mimic pyriproxyfen for the past 12 years resulting in an over 2,000‐fold resistance, but there was no appreciable cross‐resistance with the benzoylphenyl urea novaluron. Similarly, no cross‐resistance was found between pyriproxyfen and the two neonicotinoids, acetamiprid and imidacloprid. On the other hand, a slight cross‐resistance of 5–13‐fold was observed with another neonicotinoid thiamethoxam. Among the neonicotinoids, a resistant strain of B. tabaci to thiamethoxam (˜100‐fold) showed no appreciable cross‐resistance to either acetamiprid or imidacloprid, while another strain 500‐fold resistant to thiamethoxam resulted in a mild of 4–6‐fold resistance to acetamiprid and imidacloprid. In other assays, B. tabaci strain resistant to thiamethoxam (˜100‐fold) had no cross‐resistance to pyriproxyfen. Our findings indicate that no appreciable cross‐resistance was observed between the benzoylphenyl urea novaluron, the juvenile hormone mimic pyriproxyfen, and the neonicotinoids acetamiprid and imidacloprid. Hence, these compounds could be used as components in insecticide resistance management programs. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 58:192–199, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost utility in the United States of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone for the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Hornberger John C. , Best Jennie H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDFindings from the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Adultes LNH 98‐5 study showed that rituximab added to combined cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) prolonged progression‐free survival and overall survival in adults age ≥ 60 years with diffuse large B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL). The current study was conducted to investigate the incremental cost utility of the addition of rituximab to CHOP (R‐CHOP) compared with CHOP alone.METHODSClinical prognosis of the time to disease progression and death was estimated using published evidence from the LNH 98‐5 study (n = 399 patients) that was linked mathematically to published long‐term outcome data on patients with DLBCL. Drug‐acquisition costs were based on published data from formulary pricing sources, and the costs of cancer surveillance and end‐of‐life care were based on published literature sources. The authors assessed cost utility as the difference in costs between R‐CHOP and CHOP divided by the increase in expected overall survival adjusted for quality of life.RESULTSOver 5 years, it was projected that R‐CHOP would prolong overall survival by 1.04 years. The mean cumulative cost of CHOP was $3358, and the mean cost of R‐CHOP was $17,225, resulting in a cumulative net increase of $13,867. The posttreatment cancer surveillance cost for CHOP was $3950, compared with $5202 for R‐CHOP. It was estimated that R‐CHOP would have a cost‐utility ratio of $19,297 per year of life gained compared with CHOP when adjusted for quality of life. R‐CHOP remained cost effective over wide ranges of variables in sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSIONSCompared with CHOP alone, it was predicted that R‐CHOP would be cost effective in elderly patients with DLBCL. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Relative contributions of desolvation, inter‐ and intramolecular interactions to binding affinity in protein kinase systems
Authors: Sims Peter A. , Wong Chung F. , Vuga Danka , McCammon J. Andrew , Sefton Bartholomew M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn several previous studies, we performed sensitivity analysis to gauge the relative importance of different atomic partial charges in determining protein–ligand binding. In this work, we gain further insights by decomposing these results into three contributions: desolvation, intramolecular interactions, and intermolecular interactions, again based on a Poisson continuum electrostatics model. Three protein kinase–inhibitor systems have been analyzed: CDK2–deschloroflavopiridol, PKA–PKI, and LCK–PP2. Although our results point out the importance of specific intermolecular interactions to the binding affinity, they also reveal the remarkable contributions from the solvent‐mediated intramolecular interactions in some cases. Thus, it is necessary to look beyond analyzing protein–ligand interactions to understand protein–ligand recognition or to gain insights into designing ligands and proteins. In analyzing the contributions of the three components to the overall binding free energy, the PKA–PKI system with a much larger ligand was found to behave differently from the other two systems with smaller ligands. In the former case, the intermolecular interactions are very favorable, and together with the favorable solvent‐mediated intramolecular interactions, they overcome the large desolvation penalties to give a favorable electrostatics contribution to the overall binding affinity. On the other hand, the other two systems with smaller ligands only present modest intermolecular interactions and they are not or are only barely sufficient to overcome the desolvation penalty even with the aid of the favorable intramolecular contributions. As a result, the binding affinity of these two systems do not or only barely benefit from electrostatics contributions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 668–681, 2005
The use of absorption enhancers to enhance the dispersibility of spray‐dried powders for pulmonary gene therapy
Authors: Li H.‐Y. , Seville P. C. , Williamson I. J. , Birchall J. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary gene therapy requires aerosolisation of the gene vectors to the target region of the lower respiratory tract. Pulmonary absorption enhancers have been shown to improve the penetration of pharmaceutically active ingredients in the airway. In this study, we investigate whether certain absorption enhancers may also enhance the aerosolisation properties of spray‐dried powders containing non‐viral gene vectors.MethodsSpray‐drying was used to prepare potentially respirable trehalose‐based dry powders containing lipid‐polycation‐pDNA (LPD) vectors and absorption enhancers. Powder morphology and particle size were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction, respectively, with gel electrophoresis used to assess the structural integrity of the pDNA. The biological functionality of the powders was quantified using in vitro cell (A549) transfection. Aerosolisation from a Spinhaler® dry powder inhaler into a multistage liquid impinger (MSLI) was used to assess the in vitro dispersibility and deposition of the powders.ResultsSpray‐dried powder containing dimethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (DMC) demonstrated substantially altered particle morphology and an optimal particle size distribution for pulmonary delivery. The inclusion of DMC did not adversely affect the structural integrity of the LPD complex and the powder displayed significantly greater transfection efficiency as compared to unmodified powder. All absorption enhancers proffered enhanced powder deposition characteristics, with the DMC‐modified powder facilitating high deposition in the lower stages of the MSLI.ConclusionsIncorporation of absorption enhancers into non‐viral gene therapy formulations prior to spray‐drying can significantly enhance the aerosolisation properties of the resultant powder and increase biological functionality at the site of deposition in an in vitro model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.