bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment–vegetation interactions determine the fate of fluvial sediment in the upper reaches of a large estuary
Authors: Palinkas Cindy M. , Gurbisz Cassie , Bolton Miles C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFeedbacks between sediment and plants in the submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) beds of the Susquehanna Flats help modulate sediment delivery into the upper Chesapeake Bay from its major tributary (Susquehanna River). Recent modeling work has shown that SAV can steer the river plume, directly controlling sediment transport and fate. However, transport mechanisms likely differ between flood and non‐flood conditions and depend on event timing. An opportunity to evaluate these insights in the field occurred with several flood events in summer 2018. Sediment and biomass samples were collected after the flood in the large, continuous main SAV bed of the Flats and in smaller patches to the west of the main bed to evaluate the effect of SAV bed size (width). Sediment characteristics (grain size, organic content) and deposition rates were compared to previous observations during non‐flood conditions in the main bed in 2014–2015 and in the smaller patches in 2019. Overall, sediment deposition rates could be predicted by an empirical model including sediment load, vegetation biomass, and SAV bed width, reflecting the role of vegetation in steering the Susquehanna River plume and modulating sediment input to the upper Chesapeake Bay. Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of sedimentation is essential for realistic estimates of sediment and nutrient (especially nitrogen and carbon) storage in freshwater SAV systems, which have not received as much attention as their saltwater counterparts.
Deliquescence‐induced release of ethyl formate and chlorine dioxide from their precursors‐loaded sachets for in‐package fumigation of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura)
Authors: Zaitoon Amr , Jabeen Ayesha , Singh Singam Suranjoy , Scott‐Dupree Cynthia , Lim Loong‐Tak 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe toxicity and environmental concerns of methyl bromide (MB) have been a significant impetus for research into environmentally benign fumigant alternatives. Ethyl formate (EF) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) are FDA‐approved agents with potential as alternatives to MB. However, both are chemically unstable and pose considerable end‐use challenges. In this study, we developed moisture‐activated sachets for EF and ClO2 to facilitate their end‐use deployment for in‐package fumigation. The sachets were loaded with EF or ClO2 metastable precursors, citric acid (CA), and a deliquescent salt carrier (e.g., CaCl2 or NaCl). When placed in an elevated relative humidity environment, these combinations activate the release of EF or ClO2 gases, separately. The deliquescence lowering phenomenon and its effect on fumigants release rate were investigated when mixing CA with CaCl2 or NaCl. The mutual deliquescence relative humidity for CA–CaCl2 and CA–NaCl mixtures were 40% and 63%, respectively. CaCl2 enhanced the release rate of fumigants from their sachets, whereas NaCl resulted in a slower release rate. EF and ClO2 sachets were evaluated for fumigation of different life stages of spotted wing drosophila (SWD). Complete control of SWD adults was achieved after exposure to 10.1 mg·h/L EF, while eggs, larval, and pupal stages were more tolerant toward EF vapour and required 110.2 mg·h/L EF to achieve control. ClO2 at low concentrations was more effective than EF against all SWD life stages, excluding pupae. Complete mortality was achieved after fumigating SWD adults, eggs, and larvae with 0.73, 2.39, and 1.21 mg·h/L ClO2, respectively. These results indicated that both EF and ClO2 sachets could be employed safely for EF and ClO2 in‐packaging fumigation to control produce pests.
A content analysis of qualitative research on college student food insecurity in the United States
Authors: Williams Brittany M. , Thompson David J. , Ardoin Sonja , Brooks Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing a content analysis methodology, we examined 15 peer‐reviewed articles published between 2009 and 2019 that used qualitative and mixed methods approaches to explore how college and university students experience food insecurity. Concerningly, there was limited variety in the methods employed across these articles and more discussion of methodology was needed. Despite this, our analysis of student statements in these articles yielded three common themes: (1) co‐occurring basic needs; (2) academic, physical, psychological, and social effects of food insecurity; and (3) institutional satisfaction and/or critique. We include implications for research and practice.Context and implicationsRationale for the studyFew qualitative studies centre students' food insecurity experiences in the United States. We examined available research to unearth commonalities across student narratives while connecting food insecurity to broader social class inequality in higher education.Why the new findings matterOur findings underscore the urgent need for additional qualitative food insecurity scholarship that foregrounds student voices. Future researchers examining food insecurity should consider: (a) the nuances of on‐campus food insecurity, (b) the impact of food insecurity on student success, and (c) the linkages between food insecurity and social class in higher education.Implications for policy makersCampus leaders and policy makers can help address campus food insecurity by building holistic wraparound systems to support the multi‐faceted needs of students facing food insecurity. To do this, policy makers and leaders must begin to understand food insecurity as more than a statistic and acknowledge the human experiences of those it affects.
Event‐triggered bipartite consensus for multiagent systems with general linear dynamics: An integral‐type event‐triggered control
Authors: Chung Nhan‐Phu , Trinh Thanh‐Son , Choi Woocheol 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe fill a gap in the proofs in the previous works (Wu X, Mu, X. Int J. Robust Nonlin Control. 2020;30:3753Ű3772; Zhang Z, Lunze J, Wang L. Int J Control. 2020;93:1005‐1014; Zhang Z, Wang L. J Robust Nonlin Control. 2018;28:4175Ű4187; Dai, M‐Z, Zhang C, Leung H, Dong P, Li B. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern: Syst. doi:10.1109/TSMC.2021.3119670) for the consensus using the integral‐based event‐triggered controls. More precisely, it was inferred for a Lyapunov function that is uniformly bounded by showing that is uniformly bounded for . However, this argument may fail without further information while the boundedness of is crucially used for applying Barbalat's lemma. The consequence of Barbalat's lemma is that which corresponds to the desired consensus result. To overcome this gap, Ma and Zhao (Inform Sci. 2018;457‐458:208‐221) put an extra condition about the boundedness of measurement error functions inside the proposed integral‐based event‐triggering protocol. In this article, we propose a new integral‐based event‐triggering protocol for bipartite consensus problems of the multi‐agent systems whose dynamics are described by general linear systems without adding the uniform boundedness of measurement error functions as (Ma Y, Zhao J. Inform Sci. 2018;457‐458:208‐221) did. Via our new integral‐based integral control strategy, we prove that the system achieves the bipartite consensus in asymptotic regime, and provide a complete solution of the freeness of both chattering and genuinely Zeno behaviors. Numerical results are provided supporting the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Alone as effective as together: AMF and Trichoderma inoculation boost maize performance but differentially shape soil and rhizosphere microbiota
Authors: Fernandez‐Gnecco Gabriela , Gégu Louis , Covacevich Fernanda , Consolo Veronica F. , Bouffaud Marie‐Lara , Buscot François , Smalla Kornelia , Babin Doreen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionInoculation of plants with beneficial microorganisms may improve plant performance yet suffers from efficacy variability. A solution might be the combined application of different inoculants as consortium. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of single or combined inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum, strain TGFG411, and a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth, and native microbial communities (here bacteria/archaea, fungi and AMF) in root‐associated soil (RAS) and rhizosphere (RH), that is, soil loosely or tightly attached to the roots, respectively.Materials and MethodsA greenhouse experiment was carried out with non‐sterile agricultural soil and the model crop maize, which was single inoculated with either TGFG411 or AMF or received a combined inoculation of TGFG411 + AMF. Control plants received only water. Seven weeks after the second AMF inoculation, the plant growth promotion capacity of the inoculants was measured based on shoot and root parameters. Furthermore, RAS and RH microbiota (fungi including AMF, bacteria and archaea) were assessed via a combination of different cultivation‐dependent, microscopic and DNA‐based methods.ResultsAfter 7 weeks of maize growth, both single and combined inoculation of AMF and TGFG411 enhanced shoot dry weight and led to a significant reduction in root biomass. The TGFG411 strain successfully established in the soil. However, no definite evidence for the establishment of the inoculated AMF was found. Single or combined inoculation of TGFG411 and AMF modified the composition of total bacterial in the RH, whereas modulated total fungal communities in the RAS.ConclusionThe combined inoculation did not result in a significant improvement of plant performance compared with single inoculation likely due to optimal nutrient supply. However, samples receiving the combined inoculation exhibited a distinct modulation of the native RAS/RH microbiota, which may influence the inoculant efficacy under less favourable conditions.
Element Diffusion Induced Carrier Transport Enhancement in High‐Performance CZTSSe Self‐Powered Photodetector
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Xu Bin , Ma Hai , Qi Ruijuan , Bai Wei , Yue Fangyu , Yang Pingxiong , Chen Ye , Chu Junhao , Sun Lin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) has attracted great interest in thin‐film solar cells due to its excellent photoelectric performance in past decades, and recently is gradually expanding to the field of photodetectors. Here, the CZTSSe self‐powered photodetector is prepared by using traditional photovoltaic device structure. Under zero bias, it exhibits the excellent performance with a maximum responsivity of 0.77 A W−1, a high detectivity of 8.78 × 1012 Jones, and a wide linear dynamic range of 103 dB. Very fast response speed with the rise/decay times of 0.576/1.792 µs, and ultra‐high switching ratio of 3.54 × 105 are obtained. Comprehensive electrical and microstructure characterizations confirm that element diffusion among ITO, CdS, and CZTSSe layers not only optimizes band alignment of CdS/CZTSSe, but also suppresses the formation of interface defects. Such a suppression of interface defects and spike‐like band alignment significantly inhibit carrier nonradiative recombination at interface and promote carrier transport capability. The low trap density in CZTSSe and low back contact barrier of CZTSSe/Mo could be responsible for the very fast response time of photodetector. This work definitely provides guidance for designing a high performance self‐powered photodetector with high photoresponse, high switching ratio, fast response speed, and broad linear dynamic range.
Natural Underwater Bioadhesive Offering Cohesion Modulation via Hydrogen Bond Disruptor: A Highly Injectable and in Vivo Stable Remedy for Gastric Ulcer Resolution
Authors: Wang Hao , Ke Xiang , Tang Shuxian , Ren Kai , Chen Qi , Li Chichi , Ran Wenbin , Ding Chunmei , Yang Jiaojiao , Luo Jun , Li Jianshu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInjectable bioadhesives are attractive for managing gastric ulcers through minimally invasive procedures. However, the formidable challenge is to develop bioadhesives that exhibit high injectability, rapidly adhere to lesion tissues with fast gelation, provide reliable protection in the harsh gastric environment, and simultaneously ensure stringent standards of biocompatibility. Here, a natural bioadhesive with tunable cohesion is developed based on the facile and controllable gelation between silk fibroin and tannic acid. By incorporating a hydrogen bond disruptor (urea or guanidine hydrochloride), the inherent network within the bioadhesive is disturbed, inducing a transition to a fluidic state for smooth injection (injection force <5 N). Upon injection, the fluidic bioadhesive thoroughly wets tissues, while the rapid diffusion of the disruptor triggers instantaneous in situ gelation. This orchestrated process fosters the formed bioadhesive with durable wet tissue affinity and mechanical properties that harmonize with gastric tissues, thereby bestowing long‐lasting protection for ulcer healing, as evidenced through in vitro and in vivo verification. Moreover, it can be conveniently stored (≥3 m) postdehydration. This work presents a promising strategy for designing highly injectable bioadhesives utilizing natural feedstocks, avoiding any safety risks associated with synthetic materials or nonphysiological gelation conditions, and offering the potential for minimally invasive application.
Rod‐Shaped Liquid Plasticine as Cuttable Minireactor for Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Liu Heng , Peng Chenxi , Guo Shuaichen , Liu Xiaowang , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising non‐invasive approach for cancer treatment. Enhancing its efficacy and understanding its absorption‐induced attenuation are significant while the solutions are limited, particularly for the latter. In this study, a rod‐shaped liquid plasticine (LP), comprised of a tumor cell solution encased by a nanoparticle monolayer, is used to serve as a powerful minireactor for addressing these issues. The channel structure, openness, and cuttability of the LP reactor are exploited for providing benefits to PDT. The resulting PDT efficacy is several times higher than those from droplet reactors with common spherical shapes. The attenuation law, which is fundamental in PDT yet poorly understood due to the lack of experimental approaches, is preliminarily uncovered here from the perspective of in vitro experiments by using the LP's cuttability, affording quantitative understanding on this difficult subject. These findings provide insights into the widely‐concerned topics in PDT, and highlight the great potential of an LP reactor in offering innovation power for the biochemical and biomedical arenas.
Tertiary Creep
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the tertiary stage, the creep rate is continously increasing eventually leading to rupture. Many mechanisms can contribute to the increasing creep rate such as particle coarsening, substructure coarsening, cavitation, changes in the dislocation density and necking. A large number of empirical models exist for the description of tertiary creep and the development of creep damage not least in the context of continuum damage mechanics (CDM). However, there are also basic models. An equation is presented that can describe the whole creep strain versus time curve. Only parameters that are already defined for secondary creep are needed. During the tertiary stage the true applied stress increases rapidly and faster than the counteracting dislocation strength, which is one main reason for the increase in the creep rate during the tertiary stage. Cavitation is of importance, but the cavitation is often local and therefore gives a modest contribution to the creep rate. According Hart’s criterion, necking starts right at the beginning of the tertiary stage. But the necking is not fully developed until close to rupture. This is demonstrated both by uniaxial and multiaxial models and it is also consistent with available experimental data.
Precipitation Hardening
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractModels for precipitation hardening (PH) at room temperature have been available for a long time. In spite of the importance of PH, it took a long time to establish models for elevated temperatures. In fact, empirically the room temperature models have also been used at higher temperatures. This gives the wrong temperature dependence and overestimates PH. It was for a long time thought that it was an energy barrier for climb across particles that was the controlling mechanism, but it was gradually appearing that this effect was so small that it could be neglected. Instead it is time it takes for dislocations to climb across particles that is the critical factor. Small particles are readily passed and do not contribute to the strengthening. Particles larger than a critical size have to be passed by the Orowan mechanism, because there is not time enough for dislocations to climb across these particles. This mechanism was finally verified for Cu–Co alloys.
Emerging jet probes of strongly interacting dark sectors
Authors: Carrasco Juliana , Zurita Jose 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A strongly interacting dark sector can give rise to a class of signatures dubbed dark showers, where in analogy to the strong sector in the Standard Model, the dark sector undergoes its own showering and hadronization, before decaying into Standard Model final states. When the typical decay lengths of the dark sector mesons are larger than a few centimeters (and no larger than a few meters) they give rise to the striking signature of emerging jets, characterized by a large multiplicity of displaced vertices.In this article we consider the general reinterpretation of the CMS search for emerging jets plus prompt jets into arbitrary new physics scenarios giving rise to emerging jets. More concretely, we consider the cases where the SM Higgs mediates between the dark sector and the SM, for several benchmark decay scenarios. Our procedure is validated employing the same model than the CMS emerging jet search. We find that emerging jets can be the leading probe in regions of parameter space, in particular when considering the so-called gluon portal and dark photon portal decay benchmarks. With the current 16.1 fb−1 of luminosity this search can exclude down to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(20)% exotic branching ratio of the SM Higgs, but a naive extrapolation to the 139 fb−1 luminosity employed in the current model-independent, indirect bound of 16 % would probe exotic branching ratios into dark quarks down to below 10 %. Further extrapolating these results to the HL-LHC, we find that one can pin down exotic branching ratio values of 1%, which is below the HL-LHC expectations of 2.5–4 %. We make our recasting code publicly available, as part of the LLP Recasting Repository.
Kombination klein- und großskaliger physikalischer Modellierung zur Optimierung der Spüleffizienz von Laufkraftwerken
Authors: Gold Thomas , Reiterer Kevin , Hauer Christoph , Habersack Helmut , Sindelar Christine 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Skalierung physikalischer Modelle ist häufig bedingt durch räumliche, hydraulische und wirtschaftliche Beschränkungen. Freispiegel-Modelle nach Froude-Ähnlichkeit führen zu Reynolds-Zahlen im Modell, die von der Natur abweichen. Die Skalierung von Sedimenten stößt auf Grenzen, da bei großen Maßstäben eine Verkleinerung des Korns zu unterschiedlichen physikalischen Eigenschaften und somit zu Verfälschungen der Ergebnisse führen kann. Die Universität für Bodenkultur Wien verfügt über das neue BOKU-Wasserbaulabor, ideal für Großversuche bis Maßstab 1:1. Trotz Vorteilen maßstabsgetreuer Versuche behalten skalierte Modelle ihre Bedeutung, vorausgesetzt ihre Limitierungen werden berücksichtigt. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Vorzüge von Klein- und Großmaßstabsmodellierung zu zeigen und den Einsatz laser-optischer Strömungsmesstechnik anhand konkreter Versuche zu betrachten. Die Arbeit fokussiert sich auf Geschiebetransport in Fließgewässern im Kontext von Laufwasserkraftwerken. Methodisch wurden klein- (1:20) und großskalige (1:1) Modelle verwendet. Der Einfluss der Wehrsegmentstellung auf die Spüleffizienz wurde in einem 1:20-Modell analysiert. Die Wehrsegmentposition beeinflusste die Spüleffizienz deutlich. Der 1:1-Versuch konnte kleinere Korngrößen mitmodellieren, welche im skalierten Modell nicht mehr abgebildet werden können, um Aussagen zum Geschiebetransport bei Mittelwasserabflüssen treffen zu können. Für die freien Abflussverhältnisse im 1:1-Maßstab konnte ein ähnlicher Zusammenhang zwischen Sedimenttransport und Geschwindigkeitsprofil wie im skalierten Modell festgestellt werden. Diese Studie zeigt die Sinnhaftigkeit der Kombination von klein- und großskaligen Modellversuchen.
A neural network to identify requests, decisions, and arguments in court rulings on custody
Authors: Muñoz-Soro José Félix , del Hoyo Alonso Rafael , Montañes Rosa , Lacueva Francisco 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCourt rulings are among the most important documents in all legal systems. This article describes a study in which natural language processing is used for the automatic characterization of Spanish judgments that deal with the physical custody (joint or individual) of minors. The model was trained to identify a set of elements: the type of custody requested by the plaintiff, the type of custody decided on by the court, and eight of the most commonly used arguments in this type of judgment. Two jurists independently annotated more than 3000 judgments, which were used to train a model based on transformers. The main difficulties encountered in this task were the complexity of the judicial language and the need to work with appellate court rulings that have a more complicated structure than decisions at first instance. For the complete court rulings, the F1 score of the inter-annotator agreement ranged from 0.60 to 0.86 and the Kappa index from 0.33 to 0.73. The F1 score of the agreement between the model and the annotators ranged from 0.66 to 0.93 and the Kappa index from 0.57 to 0.80. These results in which the model performance exceeds even the inter-annotator agreement show the high ability of transformers to identify abstract entities in legal texts.
Redemption Through Play? Exploring the Ethics of Workplace Gamification
Authors: Butler Nick , Spoelstra Sverre 
Published: January 2024

AbstractToday, it is becoming increasingly common for companies to harness the spirit of play in order to increase worker engagement and improve organizational performance. This paper examines the ethics of play in a business context, focusing specifically on the phenomenon of workplace gamification. While critics highlight ethical problems with gamification, they also advocate for more positive, transformative, and life-affirming modes of organizational play. Gamification is ethical, on this view, when it allows users to reach a state of authentic happiness or eudaimonia. The underlying assumption, here, is that the ‘magic circle’ of play—a sphere that exists entirely for its own sake—should be protected in order to secure meaningfulness at work. However, we argue that this faith in play is misguided because play, even at its most autotelic, is ethically ambivalent; it does not lead inexorably to virtuous work environments, but may in fact have an undesirable impact on those who are playing. Our study thus contributes to research on the ‘dark side’ of organizational play, a strand of scholarship that questions the idea that play always points toward the good life.