bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australian senior‐secondary teachers’ perceptions of leadership and policy for differentiated instruction
Authors: Porta Tom , Todd Nicole , Gaunt Lorraine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDifferentiated instruction (DI) is an educational praxis that is built on the premise that all students can be engaged in learning and achieve positive academic outcomes. Previous research in secondary schools has shown promise in the success of DI practices and outlines the importance of sustained professional development (PD) for teachers. There is, however, little research on DI within senior‐secondary classrooms in the Australian context. This research is part of a larger study which recruited 12 participants from three schools across two states in Australia, and aimed to investigate teachers’ perceptions of school leadership and support in implementing DI in their classrooms as well as awareness of relevant policies. Findings indicated that when teachers were aware of policies involving DI, they tended to describe policies relating to special education. This suggests that DI is viewed by these teachers as an approach for students with additional needs rather than seen as a whole class philosophy. Similarly, the results indicated that when teachers said that leadership supported them in using DI, this support was commonly reported as isolated professional development in supporting students with additional needs. Discrepancies around awareness of DI policies were also found between teachers at the same school, with those in leadership roles indicating that requirements to utilise DI were embedded in their general teaching and learning policy. Implications for future practice and policy are discussed.
Factors influencing receipt and time to treatment of immunotherapy relative to chemotherapy in stage III and stage IV melanoma
Authors: Dhaliwal Gurman S. , Shahin Ahmad B. , Lim Elisabeth S. , Mi Lanyu , Mangold Aaron R. , Swanson David L. , Costello Collin M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapies have changed the landscape of late‐stage melanoma; however, data evaluating timely access to immunotherapy are lacking.MethodsA retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Cancer Database was conducted. Stage III and IV melanoma cases diagnosed between 2011 and 2018 that received systemic treatment with either immunotherapy or chemotherapy were included. Chemotherapy included BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate factors associated with the likelihood of receiving immunotherapy as primary systemic treatment relative to chemotherapy; additionally, Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to incorporate time from diagnosis to primary systemic therapy into the analysis.ResultsThe study population was comprised of 14,446 cases. The cohort included 12,053 (83.4%) immunotherapy and 2393 (16.6%) chemotherapy cases. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with immunotherapy receipt included population density, circle distance, year of diagnosis, Breslow thickness, and cancer stage. Immunotherapy timing was evaluated using multivariable Cox regression analysis. Minorities were less likely to receive timely immunotherapy than non‐Hispanic Whites (HR 0.83, CI 0.74–0.93, p = 0.001). Patients at circle distances of 10–49 miles (HR 0.94, CI 0.89–0.99, p = 0.02) and ≥50 miles (HR 0.83, CI 0.77–0.90, p < 0.001) were less likely to receive timely immunotherapy.ConclusionPatients traveling ≥10 miles and minorities have a decreased likelihood of receiving timely immunotherapy administration for primary systemic treatment. Future research is needed to identify what barriers and approaches can be leveraged to address these inequities.
Uncovering potential diagnostic and pathophysiological roles of α‐synuclein and DJ‐1 in melanoma
Authors: Quesnel Agathe , Martin Leya Danielle , Tarzi Chaimaa , Lenis Vasileios P. , Coles Nathan , Islam Meez , Angione Claudio , Outeiro Tiago F. , Khundakar Ahmad A. , Filippou Panagiota S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma, the most lethal skin cancer type, occurs more frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD), and PD is more frequent in melanoma patients, suggesting disease mechanisms overlap. α‐synuclein, a protein that accumulates in PD brain, and the oncogene DJ‐1, which is associated with PD autosomal recessive forms, are both elevated in melanoma cells. Whether this indicates melanoma progression or constitutes a protective response remains unclear. We hereby investigated the molecular mechanisms through which α‐synuclein and DJ‐1 interact, suggesting novel biomarkers and targets in melanoma.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) expression profiles derived from UCSC Xena were used to obtain α‐synuclein and DJ‐1 expression and correlated with survival in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Immunohistochemistry determined the expression in metastatic melanoma lymph nodes. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and molecular docking assessed protein binding and affinity with chemotherapeutic drugs. Further validation was performed using in vitro cellular models and ELISA immunoassays.Resultsα‐synuclein and DJ‐1 were upregulated in primary and metastatic SKCM. Aggregated α‐synuclein was selectively detected in metastatic melanoma lymph nodes. α‐synuclein overexpression in SK‐MEL‐28 cells induced the expression of DJ‐1, supporting PPI and a positive correlation in melanoma patients. Molecular docking revealed a stable protein complex, with differential binding to chemotherapy drugs such as temozolomide, dacarbazine, and doxorubicin. Parallel reduction of both proteins in temozolomide‐treated SK‐MEL‐28 spheroids suggests drug binding may affect protein interaction and/or stability.Conclusionα‐synuclein, together with DJ‐1, may play a role in melanoma progression and chemosensitivity, constituting novel targets for therapeutic intervention, and possible biomarkers for melanoma.
A Novel Ultrafiltrate Extract of Propolis Exerts Anti‐inflammatory Activity through Metabolic Rewiring
Authors: Wu Yong‐Lin , Zhu An‐Qi , Zhou Xiao‐Ting , Zhang Ke‐Wei , Yuan Xu‐Jiang , Yuan Min , He Jian , Pineda Miguel A. , Li Kun‐Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThousands of years ago, humans started to use propolis because of its medicinal properties, and modern science has successfully identified several bioactive molecules within this resinous bee product. However, a natural propolis extract which has been removed the adhesive glue and preserved propolis bioactive compounds is urgently needed to maximise the therapeutic opportunities. In this study, a novel ultrafiltrate fraction from Brazilian green propolis, termed P30K, was demonstrated with anti‐inflammatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo. Total flavonoids and total phenolic acids content in P30K were 244.6 mg/g and 275.8 mg/g respectively, while the IC50 value of inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) was 8.30 μg/mL. The anti‐inflammatory activity of P30K was furtherly corroborated in experimental models of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced acute liver and lung injury. Mechanistically, integrated GC−MS and LC−MS based serum metabolomics analysis revealed that P30K modulated citrate cycle (TCA), pyruvate, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathways to inhibit secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Results of network pharmacology and molecular docking suggested that P30K targeted catechol‐O‐methyltransferases (COMT), 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD11B1), and monoamine oxidases (MAOA and MAOB) to promote cellular metabolomic rewiring. Collectively, our work reveals P30K as an efficient therapeutic agent against inflammatory conditions and its efficacy is related to metabolic rewiring.
Core‐shell Co3O4@CoO Nanoparticles for Enhanced OER Activity
Authors: Saddeler Sascha , Hagemann Ulrich , Bendt Georg , Schulz Stephan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCore‐shell Co3O4@CoO nanoparticles were prepared by calcination of rock‐salt CoO and fully characterized by PXRD, TEM and XPS measurements. XPS studies showed that the Co(III) cation concentration steadily increased and the OER activity of the resulting core‐shell Co3O4@CoO nanoparticles decreased with increasing calcination time, which was attributed to the increasing presence of catalytically inactive Co(III) cations. The decrease in OER activity was also observed for untreated CoO nanoparticles (1) after chronopotentiometric (CP) treatment at 10 mA cm−2 for 18 h. The IR and EEL spectra of the resulting nanoparticles are comparable to those of a fully oxidized Co3O4 sample (1–300), that was prepared by calcining of the CoO sample (1) for 1 h at 300 °C.
The Effect of Slicer Infill Pattern on the Electrochemical Performance of Additively Manufactured Electrodes
Authors: Bernalte Elena , Crapnell Robert D. , Messai Ouissal M. A. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work we report the dramatic effects that changing the infill pattern has on the electrochemical performance of an additively manufactured electrode made from commercial filament. Electrodes were produced using six different slicing patterns and imaged to confirm how the infill pattern altered the working electrode surface. These electrodes were then electrochemically characterised against the near‐ideal outer sphere redox probe [Ru(NH3)6]3+, the common inner sphere probe [Fe(CN)6]3−, and then used for the electroanalytical determination of acetaminophen. It was found that changing the infill pattern had a dramatic effect on the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. Over the course of the manuscript, it can be seen that Aligned Rectilinear and Rectilinear infill patterns perform consistently well and offer good reproducibility. On the other hand, Concentric infill pattern had noticeably poor inter‐electrode reproducibility and the Hilbert Curve infill was one of the worst performing electrodes in many categories. For future work in this field, we recommend the infill pattern is always reported within the experimental section to allow other researchers to repeat work properly. Additionally, when optimising an electroanalytical sensing platform, we encourage researchers to optimise the infill pattern as it has direct influence on the analytical parameters.
A revision of the multiple‐path particle dosimetry model focusing on tobacco product aerosol dynamics
Authors: Mori Akina , Ito Shigeaki , Sekine Takashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo assess the health impact of inhaled aerosols, it is necessary to understand aerosol dynamics and the associated dosimetry in the human respiratory tract. Although several studies have measured or simulated the dosimetry of aerosol constituents, the respiratory tract focus areas have been limited. In particular, the aerosols generated from tobacco products are complex composites and simulating their dynamics in the respiratory tract is challenging. To assess the dosimetry of the aerosol constituents of tobacco products, we developed a revised version of the Multiple‐Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model, which employs (1) new geometry based on CT‐scanned human respiratory tract data, (2) convective mixing in the oral cavity and deep lung, and (3) constituent partitioning between the tissue and air, and clearance. The sensitivity analysis was conducted using aerosols composed of four major constituents of electronic cigarette (EC) aerosols to investigate the parameters that have a significant impact on the results. In addition, the revised model was run with 4 and 10 constituents in ECs and conventional cigarettes (CCs), respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the new modeling and the physicochemical properties of constituents had a considerable impact on the simulated aerosol concentration and dosimetry. The simulations could be carried out within 3 min even when 10 constituents of CC aerosols were analyzed simultaneously. The revised model based on MPPD is an efficient and easy‐to‐use tool for understanding the aerosol dynamics of CC and EC constituents and their effect on the human body.
A pneumatic reconfigurable socket for transtibial amputees
Authors: Mollaee Saeed , Fuentes‐Aguilar Rita Q. , Huegel Joel C. , Budgett David M. , Taberner Andrew J. , Nielsen Poul M. F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany transtibial amputees rate the fit between their residual limb and prosthetic socket as the most critical factor in satisfaction with using their prosthesis. This study aims to address the issue of prosthetic socket fit by reconfiguring the socket shape at the interface of the residual limb and socket. The proposed reconfigurable socket shifts pressure from sensitive areas and compensates for residual limb volume fluctuations, the most important factors in determining a good socket fit. Computed tomography scan images are employed to create the phantom limb of an amputee and to manufacture the reconfigurable socket. The performance of the reconfigurable socket was evaluated both experimentally and numerically using finite element modelling. The study showed that the reconfigurable socket can reduce interface pressure at targeted areas by up to 61%.
Efficient Nitrogen Reduction on Weyl Antiferromagnet Mn3Sn
Authors: Chen Xi , Lin Zheng‐Zhe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTopological semimetals have gradually emerged as excellent catalysts owing to their robust surface states. Recently, Mn3X (X=Sn, Ge, and Ir), which exhibits noncollinear antiferromagnetic phases at room temperature, has been found to possess energy bands that are characteristic of Weyl semimetals. In this study, we demonstrate that the perfect Mn3Sn (001) surface is favorable for N2 reduction with a low onset potential. According to a theoretical criterion, the catalytic performance of the (001) surface of Mn3Sn is higher than that of the (001) surfaces of the homologues Cr3Sn and Mo3Sn. The construction and catalytic performance of other types of Mn3Sn surfaces are also investigated. Our findings highlight the feasibility of applying topological Weyl semimetals as electrocatalysts for N2 reduction.
Predictive direct power control with phase‐locked loop technique of three‐level neutral point clamped inverter based shunt active power filter for power quality improvement
Authors: Debdouche Naamane , Benbouhenni Habib , Deffaf Brahim , Anwar Guessabi , Zarour Laid 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIn this study, an improved anti‐windup proportional‐integral predictive direct power control strategy with a phase‐locked loop (PLL) is proposed and applied to a three‐level shunt active power filter (SAPF) neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter using space vector modulation (SVM) technique. The SAPF has to ensure sinusoidal waveforms and unity power factor in the grid side, by eliminating harmonic currents and compensating reactive power of the nonlinear loads. Active and reactive powers as well as the DC bus voltage controls are performed using anti‐windup proportional and integral actions with a predictive algorithm, without a need for an exhaustive mathematical model. The control law is modulated using the SVM technique allowing fixed switching frequency and low power ripples. The performances of the suggested control have been verified through an electronic STM32F407 card under diverse and severe conditions. The obtained results confirmed the expected objectives in terms of current and voltage quality, robustness, and dynamic response.
Offshore high‐grade limemud resources of west coast of India: Economic potential and industrial applications
Authors: Adukadukkam Anil Kumar , Pillai Rachna , Puthiyathara Kanakamma Mamatha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLimestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement, paint, steel, ceramic, glass, chemical, pharmaceutical, paper, and fertilizer industries. In India, only 8% of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve category, of which 97% is of cement grade. Thus, India depends on imports to bridge the demand‐supply gap of steel, blast furnace, and chemical‐grade limestone. Efforts of Geological Survey of India (GSI) to locate alternate sources for limestone led to the discovery of enormous quantities of carbonate minerals called limemud from the continental shelf margin of the west coast of India. GSI carried out systematic studies to explore the nature of the disposition, quality, quantity, and suitability of the offshore limemud for various industrial applications. A preliminary estimate of resources using high‐resolution subbottom profiling and sediment core sample studies established the occurrence of more than 172 billion tonnes of high‐grade (The content of CaCO3 is greater than 80 wt%) limemud in 0.4–28.0 m thick stratified sediment layers spread over an area of 18 000 km2. Chemical, physical, mineralogical, beneficiation, and agglomeration studies found the offshore limemud as a potential replacement for limestone in the cement, filler, blast furnace, steel melting shop, lime production, paint, and Grade‐I steel industries. An assessment of mining and transportation costs indicates that the offshore limemud (USD 5–6/ton) is more cost‐effective than that imported from other countries (USD16‐18/ton). With several advantageous factors like low impurity, mode of occurrence in overburden‐free stratified form, fine‐grained slurry nature, and shallow water depth, sustainable mining of offshore limemud could be a future reality with controllable technological, economic, and environmental challenges.
Ecologically informed priors improve Bayesian model estimates of species richness and occupancy for undetected species
Authors: Beasley Emily M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDetection error can bias observations of ecological processes, especially when some species are never detected during sampling. In many communities, the probable identity of these missing species is known from previous research and natural history collections, but this information is rarely incorporated into subsequent models. Here, I present prior aggregation as a method for including information from external sources in Bayesian hierarchical detection models. Prior aggregation combines information from multiple prior distributions, in this case, an ecologically informative, species‐level prior, and an uninformative community‐level prior. This approach incorporates external information into the model without sacrificing the advantages of modeling species in the context of the community. Using simulated data supplied to a multispecies occupancy model, I demonstrated that prior aggregation improves estimates of (1) metacommunity richness and (2) environmental covariates were associated with species‐specific occupancy probabilities. When applied to a dataset of small mammals in Vermont, prior aggregation allowed the model to estimate occupancy correlates of the Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, a species observed at several sites in the region but never captured. Prior aggregation can be used to improve the analysis of several important metrics in population and community ecology, including abundance, survivorship, and diversity.
yEvo: A modular eukaryotic genetics and evolution research experience for high school students
Authors: Taylor M. Bryce , Warwick Alexa R. , Skophammer Ryan , Boyer Josephine M. , Geck Renee C. , Gunkelman Kristin , Walson Margaux , Rowley Paul A. , Dunham Maitreya J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe resources for carrying out and analyzing microbial evolution experiments have become more accessible, making it possible to expand these studies beyond the research laboratory and into the classroom. We developed five connected, standards‐aligned yeast evolution laboratory modules, called “yEvo,” for high school students. The modules enable students to take agency in answering open‐ended research questions. In Module 1, students evolve baker's yeast to tolerate an antifungal drug, and in subsequent modules, investigate how evolved yeasts adapted to this stressful condition at both the phenotype and genotype levels. We used pre‐ and post‐surveys from 72 students at two different schools and post‐interviews with students and teachers to assess our program goals and guide module improvement over 3 years. We measured changes in student conceptions, confidence in scientific practices, and interest in STEM careers. Students who participated in yEvo showed improvements in understanding of activity‐specific concepts and reported increased confidence in designing a valid biology experiment. Student experimental data replicated literature findings and has led to new insights into antifungal resistance. The modules and provided materials, alongside “proof of concept” evaluation metrics, will serve as a model for other university researchers and K − 16 classrooms interested in engaging in open‐ended research questions using yeast as a model system.
Behavioral interactions are modulated by facilitation along a heterotrophic succession
Authors: Naves‐Alegre Lara , Sebastián‐González Esther , Sánchez‐Zapata José Antonio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCompetition and facilitation drive ecological succession but are often hard to quantify. In this sense, behavioral data may be a key tool to analyze interaction networks, providing insights into temporal trends in facilitation and competition processes within animal heterotrophic succession. Here, we perform the first in‐depth analysis of the factors driving temporal dynamics of carcass consumption by analyzing behavioral patterns (i.e., interactions) and community dynamics metrics (i.e., species richness, abundance, turnover, and diversity) in a Neotropical scavenger guild. For this purpose, we monitored goat carcasses using automatic cameras. From 573 reviewed videos, we registered 1784 intraspecific and 624 interspecific interactions, using intraspecific and interspecific aggressions (n = 2048) as a behavioral proxy of competition intensity. Our results show that resource availability shapes behavioral interactions between vultures, with a specific effect of the different species on behavioral and competition dynamics, showing the existence of a hierarchy between species. Furthermore, behavioral processes linked to carcass opening tended to be facilitative, related to moments of higher tolerance (i.e., lower aggressiveness), thus reducing competition intensity and also affecting community structure and dynamics. This novel framework demonstrates complex ephemeral successional processes characterized by a fluctuation in facilitation and competition intensity during the consumption of an unpredictable resource linked to key ecosystem processes.
C‐Centered radical intermediates for C(sp3)‐H bonds functionalization: An emerging approach towards alkyl thiocyanates
Authors: Buttard Floris , Vigier Jordan , Lebel Hélène , Besset Tatiana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic thiocyanates are an important class of compounds because they are present in several bioactive molecules and can be used as key synthetic intermediates to access biorelevant sulfur‐containing scaffolds. Although the chemistry of organothiocyanates has been studied for decades, a recent resurgence of interest in the field has led to major advances in the synthesis of new molecules bearing a thiocyanate moiety. An emerging and powerful strategy consists in the selective functionalization of C(sp3)‐H bonds through the formation of a key C‐centered radical intermediate. This review highlights the recent work that has been reported to access novel alkylthiocyanate scaffolds through this promising approach.