bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effects of route of administration of cloprostenol on synchronization of estrus in diestrous dairy cattle
Authors: Stevens R. D. , Seguin B. E. , Momont H. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cloprostenol was administered
iv or
im to diestrous dairy cows to study luteolysis and synchrony of estrus and ovulation. In Study J, 28 Holstein cows were assigned to receive injections of cloprostenol,
iv or
im, on day 8 or 10 of the estrous cycle. Differences in cloprostenol-induced luteolysis or Interval to estrus, were not detected. Ultrasonography revealed that 2 cows treated
iv on day 8, 1 cow treated
im on day 8, and 2 cows treated
iv on day 10 did not ovulate despite evidence of an apparently normal estrus. In Study 2, 20 Holstein cows were assigned to receive cloprostenol injections,
iv or
im, on day 10 of the estrous cycle, interval to estrus was not affected by route of administration. Analysis of these data indicated that cloprostenol given
iv did not alter luteolysis or improve synchrony of estrus and ovulation when compared with cloprostenol given
im.
Canine gastric dilatation/volvulus syndrome in a veterinary critical care unit: 295 cases (1986–1992)
Authors: Brockman Daniel J. , Washabau Robert J. , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Two hundred ninety-five case records were included in an analysis of dogs treated by a standardized protocol for gastric dilatation/volvulus syndrome between 1986 and 1992. A breed predisposition was demonstrated for Great Danes, German Shepherd Dogs, large mixed-breed dogs, and Standard Poodles. One hundred and ninety-three dogs had gastric dilatation and volvulus (gdv) confirmed at surgery, 66 had simple gastric dilatation (gd), and 36 others had gastric dilatation but volvulus could not be proved or disproved (gd ± v). Among dogs with gdv, the fatality rate was 15% (29/193). Twenty-six (13.5%) dogs with gdv underwent partial gastrectomy, and 8 (31%) died or were subsequently euthanatized. In comparing the group of dogs with gdv that survived to those that died, there were no statistical differences in the age of dog, time between onset of clinical signs and admission, time from admission to surgery, or duration of anesthesia. Cardiac arrhythmias were detected in 40% (78/193) of the dogs with gdv. There also was no statistical correlation between development of a cardiac arrhythmia and outcome in dogs with gdv. The causes of death in dogs with gdv were multiple and varied; presumed gastric necrosis was a common reason for intraoperative euthanasia (11 dogs). Among dogs with gd or gd ± v, the fatality rate was 0.9% (1/102).
Evaluation of dogs with digit masses: 117 cases (1981–1991)
Authors: Marino Dominic J. , Matthiesen David T. , Stefanacci Joseph D. , Moroff Scott D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 117 dogs with digit masses were reviewed. Of 124 digit masses, 76 (61%) were malignant neoplasms, 25 (20%) were benign neoplasms, and 23 (19%) were pyogranulomatous inflammation. Of 29 digits with radiographic evidence of bone lysis, 24 (83%) were affected by malignant masses, whereas only 5 of 29 (17%) digits with radiographic evidence of bone lysis were affected by benign or pyogranulomatous masses. Only 1 of 19 (5%) dogs with melanoma had radiographic evidence of lysis, but 20 of 25 (80%) dogs with squamous cell carcinoma had radiographic evidence of bone lysis. Thoracic radiographs of 95 dogs were available. Six of 19 (32%) dogs with melanoma had radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis, whereas 3 of 24 (13%) dogs with squamous cell carcinoma had radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Twenty-nine digit neoplasms were squamous cell carcinoma, and 19 of 29 (66%) arose from the subungual epithelium. Of 19 dogs with squamous cell carcinoma originating from the subungual epithelium, 18 (95%) survived for at least 1 year, whereas only 6 of 10 (60%) dogs with squamous cell carcinoma originating in other parts of the digit survived for at least 1 year. Furthermore, of 19 dogs with squamous cell carcinoma originating from the subungual epithelium, 14 (74%) survived at least 2 years, whereas only 4 of 9 (44%) dogs with squamous cell carcinoma originating in other parts of the digit survived for 2 years. Dogs with melanoma of the digits had a median survival time of 12 months, with 10 of 24 (42%) alive at 1 year and 3 of 23 (13%) alive at 2 years. Dogs with mast cell tumor of the digits had a median survival time of 20 months, with 7 of 8 (88%) dogs alive at 1 year and 4 of 8 (50%) alive at 2 years.
Analysis of the results of the study reported here indicated that the prevalence of neoplasms in dogs with digit masses was high. Malignant neoplasms were more prevalent than benign neoplasms, with the most commonly identified types being squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Radiographic evidence of bone lysis was seen in dogs with all types of masses but was more commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma than with melanoma. Dogs with melanoma of the digit had a higher prevalence of pulmonary metastasis and a poorer prognosis than dogs with squamous cell carcinoma.
Genetic test for pyruvate kinase deficiency of Basenjis
Authors: Whitney Katharine Μ. , Lothrop Clinton D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Pyruvate kinase (pk) deficiency is an autosomal, recessive, inherited disease of Basenjis that causes chronic, regenerative, hemolytic anemia. Diagnostic methods currently used to identify carrier animals rely on measurement of erythrocyte pk activity and frequently give equivocal results. A genetic test incorporating polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic dna and restriction fragment length polymorphism has been developed to determine the pk genotype of Basenjis. To determine whether results of this genetic test compared with results of standard tests for pk deficiency, erythrocyte pk activity, hematocrit, and reticulocyte counts were determined in, and the genetic test was performed on, 24 dogs. The genetic test accurately identified the 11 dogs whose pk genotype was known prior to this study, and results were consistent with results of measuring erythrocyte pk activity in the remaining 13 dogs. The genetic test may be of value in determining pk genotype of Basenjis.
Histologie appearance of axial osteochondral fragments from the proximoplantar/proximopalmar aspect of the proximal phalanx in horses
Authors: Nixon Alan J. , Pool Roy R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Osteochondral fragments from the axial proximoplantar/proximopalmar region of the proximal phalanx were removed from 38 joints in 30 horses. Ninety-three percent of the horses were Standardbreds, and 28 of the 30 had a low-grade lameness. All but 1 of the horses had hind limb involvement.
A total of 43 fragments were removed. Most (71%) of the fragments involved the medial aspect of the joint and had to be dissected from a covering of synovial tissue. Histologically, the circumference of most fragments consisted of a transition zone at the attachment of the joint capsule, a region of nonarticular, non-weight-bearing cartilage, a region where organized, dense connective tissue, presumably remnants of the short sesamoidean ligament were attached, and a region consisting of irregular truncated bony surfaces covered by mature fibrous tissue, which appeared to be the result of healing of a chronic fracture. There were several areas of degenerate hyaline cartilage, but no areas of normal hyaline cartilage or areas containing retained cartilage cores or other evidence of delayed endochondral ossification. Immunohistochemical staining of 4 segments from 1 horse revealed sensory substance P immunoreactive nerves in the fibrous tissue surrounding the bony fragments and within the central cancellous spaces. The histologic appearance suggests that these osteochondral fragments may be a result of fracture, rather than a manifestation of osteochondrosis.
Intraocular silicone prosthesis implantation in eyes of dogs and a cat with intraocular neoplasia: nine cases (1983-1994)
Authors: McLaughlin Susan A. , Ramsey David T. , Lindley Denise M. , Gilger Brian C. , Gerding Paul A. , Whitley R. David 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the outcome of implantation of an intraocular silicone prosthesis (
isp) in the eyes of dogs and cats with intraocular neoplasia.

Design—
Retrospective case series.

Animals—
Eight dogs and 1 cat with histologically confirmed intraocular neoplasia.

Procedure—
Signalment, clinical signs before and after surgery, results of microscopic examination of eviscerated intraocular tissues, follow-up information, and necropsy findings, if available, were recorded for each animal.

Results—
Five dogs and 1 cat had primary intraocular neoplasms. Two of the dogs developed regrowth of the neoplasm around the
isp 6 to 24 months after implantation, and the eyes were enucleated. The cat developed signs compatible with systemic metastasis 4 years after surgery and was euthanatized. Three dogs had multicentric or metastatic neoplasia involving the eye. Two of these dogs were euthanatized because of their systemic disease 1.5 to 7 months after
isp implantation. The third dog is alive without evidence of regrowth 3 years after surgery.

Clinical Implications—
Intraocular neoplasia is not an absolute contraindication to
isp implantation
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1994
Authors: Krebs John W. , Strine Tara W. , Smith Jean S. , Rupprecht Charles E. , Childs James E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In 1994, 48 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 8,224 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 6 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nearly 93% (7,632 cases) were wild animals, whereas 7% (592 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases decreased 13.4% from that of 1993 (9,498 cases), with most of the decline resulting from 19.2% fewer cases of rabies in raccoons. Two previously described epizootics of rabies involving the raccoon variant of the rabies virus have converged in North Carolina, and the resulting region is now continuous from Alabama and Florida in the South to Maine in the North. Epizootics of rabies in foxes in west central Texas and in dogs and coyotes in southern Texas continue to expand, with this state reporting 144 rabid foxes, 53 rabid dogs, and 77 of the 85 cases in coyotes during 1994. Maine and New Hampshire reported cases of rabies in foxes (6 and 9, respectively) for the first time in 10 years. Nationally, reported cases of rabies in dogs (153) increased by 17.7%, whereas cases in cattle (111) and cats (267) decreased by 14.6 and 8.3%, respectively. Cats continued to be the domestic animal most frequently reported rabid. Twenty-eight states and the District of Columbia reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1994, compared with 22 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 1993. Hawaii and Nebraska were the only states that did not report cases of rabies in 1994.
Evaluation of five common induction protocols by comparison of hemodynamic responses to surgical manipulation in halothane-anesthetized horses
Authors: Wagner Ann E. , Dunlop Colin I. , Wertz Etta M. , Chapman Philip L. 
Published: December 2023

Design—
To determine whether hemodynamic responses of halothane-anesthetized horses undergoing surgical procedures depended on anesthetic induction protocols used, and to determine whether hemodynamic responses to surgical manipulation could be detected.

Design—
Prospective experimental study without controls.

Animals—
36 clinically normal horses.

Procedure—
Horses were allotted to 5 groups according to anesthetic induction protocol: acepromazine/guaifene-sin/thiamylal, acepromazine/guaifenesin/ketamine, xyla-zine/guaifenesin/thiamylal, xylazine/guaifenesin/ketamine, and xylazine/diazepam/ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane. Hemodynamic measurements and blood gas values were obtained prior to the start of surgery, during surgery, and after surgery.

Results—
Few differences in hemodynamic measurements existed between horses in which anesthesia was induced by 5 anesthetic induction protocols, whether prior to the start of surgery or for pooled values for all 3 measurement periods. Hemodynamic responses to surgical manipulation were marked and included increased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, and decreased cardiac index and oxygen delivery.

Clinical Implications—
Choice of anesthetic induction protocol has little impact on hemodynamic function during surgery in halothane-anesthetized horses. Surgical stimulation may increase blood pressure, but does not improve cardiac index or oxygen delivery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:252-257)
Evaluation of cortical bone damage and axial holding power of nonthreaded and enhanced threaded pins placed with and without drilling of a pilot hole in femurs from canine cadavers
Authors: Anderson Mark A. , Mann F. A. , Kinden Darryl A. , Wagner-Mann Colette C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the in vitro axial extraction forces necessary to remove pins and to evaluate mechanical trauma resulting from pin insertion, using various types of pins and insertion techniques.

Design
Prospective, controlled study.

Subjects
Femurs of cadavers of dogs.

Procedure
Pins were inserted as follows: 1 non-threaded pin without drilling of a pilot hole, 1 enhanced threaded pin with drilling of a pilot hole, and 1 enhanced threaded pin without drilling of a pilot hole. After pin insertion, mechanical damage and proper pin insertion was determined by means of radiography. Axial extraction forces were determined for all pins, using a universal testing machine. Mechanical damage was evaluated in 12 additional femurs. After pin insertion, all pins were removed from the bone by use of a low-speed power drill. Samples were sectioned, processed, and evaluated by use of dissecting and scanning electron microscopy.

Results
Using radiography, a significant difference was detected in the number of periosteal trans-cortex fractures between the enhanced threaded and non-threaded pins. Axial extraction force was not significantly different between the enhanced threaded pins, regardless of insertion technique; however, the axial extraction force was significantly greater for enhanced threaded pins, compared with that for nonthreaded pins. Microfractures only were detected on the periosteum of the trans-cortex of enhanced threaded pins by use of scanning electron microscopy.

Clinical Implications
We cannot recommend a particular insertion technique to decrease mechanical trauma to the bone and to increase axial extraction force needed for removal of enhanced threaded pins from the femur of dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:883–887)
Factors affecting treatment decisions and satisfaction of owners of cats with cancer
Authors: Slater Margaret R. , Barton Claudia L. , Rogers Kenita S. , Peterson Janet L. , Harris Cheryl K. , Wallace Kathleen 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cancer in cats is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Euthanasia or an active intervention such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery are treatment choices for the owner at diagnosis of the cat's disease. In this study, 2 interviews with cat owners, one soon after diagnosis of cancer in the cat and one 6 months later, were used to identify owner characteristics associated with a decision of euthanasia or intervention, to identify factors associated with an owner's satisfaction with euthanasia or intervention, and to evaluate inappropriate expectations of the owners who selected an intervention. The study included 89 owners from 3 referral hospitals. In logistic regression analysis, significant factors were not found that affected the owner's decision to euthanatize the cat versus intervene. Satisfaction with the decision to euthanatize the cat was associated with the ability of the cat to groom itself, eat, and play at the first interview. Among owners who selected an intervention, 4 combinations of factors were associated with being satisfied. The first combination was clinic of origin (CLIN), having a live cat at the 6-month follow-up interview (LIVE), and understanding the number of return visits required for the intervention. The second was CLIN, LIVE, and type and frequency of adverse effects from the intervention at the 6-month interview. The third was CLIN, LIVE, and feeling guilty at the 6-month interview. The fourth was CLIN, LIVE, and whether the cat had a good or excellent quality of life at the first interview. Thirty percent (21/69) of the owners tended to overestimate their cats’ life expectancy. Owners also felt they had reasonably accurate estimations of adverse effects of treatment and number of return visits, but underestimated the costs required for an intervention.
For owners who elect an intervention, a reminder from the veterinarian that emotional upheavals may develop even after the decision has been made is important. To provide optimal patient care and client education, veterinarians must find a middle ground between being knowledgeable, practical, and informed, and being compassionate and approachable.
Evaluation of vaccination of horses as a strategy to control equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
Authors: Atwill Edward R. , Mohammed Hussni O. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether preferentially vaccinated horses were at risk for exposure to Ehrlichia risticii, whether horses with equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME) were likely to have been nonvaccinated, and whether clinical severity and financial costs associated with care and treatment of EME were less for vaccinated horses with EME than for nonvaccinated horses with EME.

Design
Cross-sectional and case-control studies.

Procedure
Information on usage of E risticii bacterins to control EME was collected for 2,587 horses located on 511 farms throughout New York. Each horse was tested for serum antibodies directed against E risticii. Data on efficacy of vaccination to reduce the prevalence and clinical severity of EME and monetary losses associated with EME were collected from 68 horses with EME and 132 clinically normal horses.

Results
A correlation was not detected between the county seropositive proportion and the proportion of horses vaccinated against EME. Among horses diagnosed for EME, median date of diagnosis was not delayed for vaccinated horses, compared with that for nonvaccinated horses. Mean cost per case was not significantly different for nonvaccinated horses, compared with that for vaccinated horses ($1,082 and $1,001, respectively). Vaccination was not associated with a reduction in prevalence or in severity of EME-related clinical signs.

Clinical Implications
Administering killed E risticii bacterin once a year to control EME in New York appears to have limited success. Among horses in which EME was diagnosed, severity of illness and financial costs attributable to EME were indistinguishable for vaccinated and nonvaccinated horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208: 1285–1289)
Use of composite milk samples for diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cattle
Authors: Lam T. J. G. M. , van Wuijckhuise L. A. , Franken P. , Morselt M. L. , Hartman E. G. , Schukken Y. H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To measure relative sensitivity and relative specificity for use of composite milk samples, compared with that of individual gland milk samples, for diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis.

Animals
505 cows suspected of having subclinical mastitis. Of these cows, 172 were considered infected with Sta aureus, based on the results from individual gland samples.

Procedure
Composite and individual gland milk samples were collected from cows suspected of having subclinical mastitis, and results of bacteriologic culturing of samples from the same cow were compared. Results were interpreted at the cow level. Relative sensitivity and relative specificity for composite samples were computed from 2 × 2 tables, using results from individual gland samples as references.

Results
Relative sensitivity for use of composite milk samples in diagnosing Sta aureus mastitis was 0.63. The relative specificity was 0.98. Factors influencing the relative sensitivity for composite samples were the number of infected glands per cow, the amount of Sta aureus shedding from infected glands, and the proportion of the composite milk obtained from each gland.

Clinical Implications
Collecting composite instead of individual gland milk samples increases the number of false-negative results in diagnosing Sta aureus mastitis. By collecting consecutive samples from the same cow or by increasing the inoculum volume at culturing, this problem can be diminished. (J Am Med Assoc 1996; 208:1705-1708)
Multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs: 30 cases (1981-1993)
Authors: Boothe Harry W. , Howe Lisa M. , Edwards John F. , Slater Margaret R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe the long-term outcome in dogs with naturally developing multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSS).

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
30 dogs with multiple PSS.

Procedure
Medical records of dogs with multiple PSS were reviewed. Follow-up data were obtained by 1 or more of the following methods: recheck at the veterinary teaching hospital (n = 6) or telephone contact with the referring veterinarian (n = 18) or owner (n = 10). The χ2 or Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to determine the association of clinical factors with long-term outcome. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method.

Results
Median age at diagnosis was 1 year. Findings on exploratory surgery in 25 dogs included ascites; numerous tortuous vessels connecting the portal vein with systemic veins; a small, misshapen liver; and an enlarged portal vein. The most common lesions on histologic evaluation of hepatic tissue specimens were hepatocellular atrophy, portal vascular duplication, cirrhosis, inflammation, and bile duct proliferation. Twelve dogs were treated surgically with vena caval banding, whereas 13 dogs were treated conservatively with dietary restriction of protein and administration of antibiotics, diuretics, and other drugs. Long-term survival and quality of life were similar in dogs from both treatment groups. Median follow-up interval in dogs that survived hospitalization was 24 months (range, 1 to 54 months).

Clinical Implications
On the basis of these findings, vena caval banding in dogs with multiple PSS is not superior to medical and nutritional treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1849-1854)
Prediction of calf mortality by use of tests for passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin
Authors: Rea Douglas E. , Tyler Jeff W. , Hancock Dale D. , Besser Thomas E. , Wilson Leilani , Krytenberg Denise S. , Sanders Sean G. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To examine the ability of several commonly used tests for evaluation of passive transfer of immunoglobulin to predict mortality in dairy replacement heifers.

Design
Prospective observational study.

Animals
246 dairy replacement heifers between 1 and 8 days of age.

Procedure
Using serum samples obtained from each calf, total serum protein concentration and results of zinc sulfate turbidity, sodium sulfite turbidity, radial immunodiffusion, and glutaraldehyde coagulation were determined. Calves were monitored for 100 days, and relative risks for death were calculated. Logistic regression models predicting death also were developed.

Results
None of the logistic regression models detected a significant association between test results and mortality. The greatest relative risks of mortality were observed in calves with serum protein concentrations < 4.5 g/dl, serum IgG, concentrations < 500 mg/dl, and sodium sulfite test scores < 1+.

Clinical Implications
Calves with lower passive transfer values had increased risk of death; however, failure of passive transfer is not an infallible predictor of mortality. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:2047-2049)