bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vinylic Deprotonation in the Coordination Sphere of Platinum(II): Regioselective Formation of Alkenyl Complexes
Authors: Lorusso Giuseppe , Boccaletti Giovanni , Masi Nicola G. Di , Fanizzi Francesco P. , Maresca Luciana , Natile Giovanni 
Published: December 2004

AbstractReaction of [PtCl(η2‐CH2=CHAr)(tmeda)](ClO4) (1) [Ar = C6H5 (1a), 4‐CH3OC6H4 (1b), 3‐NO2C6H4 (1c); tmeda = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine) with triethylamine, or even with inorganic carbonate, leads to the abstraction of a vinylic proton and formation of the (alkenyl)platinum species [PtCl{(E)‐CH=CHAr}(tmeda)] (2) in high yield. The initially formed (E) isomer, in solution of chlorinated solvents, partly isomerizes into the (Z) form [equilibrium ratio (E)/(Z) ≈︁ 4:1]; the isomerization reaction is rather slow and is catalyzed by visible light. The nature of the phenyl substituent (electron donor OMe or electron‐withdrawing NO2 group) does not appear to affect the rate of deprotonation. The nature and stereochemistry of the formed (alkenyl)platinum species has been elucidated through 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
(AgI)2Te6 and (AgI)2Se6: New Composite Materials with Cyclic Te6 and Se6 Molecules Stabilized in the “Solid Solvent” AgI
Authors: Deiseroth Hans‐J. , Wagener Michael , Neumann Elmar 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe new deeply colored solids (AgI)2Te6 and (AgI)2Se6 are obtained under hydrothermal conditions in hydroiodic acid. They contain molecules of cyclic hexatellurium and hexaselenium (Te6, Se6, respectively, both chair conformations) stabilized in a matrix of AgI. Whereas Se6 molecules are well known as isolated species in rhombohedral selenium, Te6 molecules are not known to exist in any modification of that element. They can be stabilized only in an appropriate “solid solvent” like AgI. To date, the new compound (AgI)2Te6 is the second example only of a composite material containing cyclic Te6 molecules [the first example is Re6Te10Cl6(Te6)]. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Spin Glass Behaviour in a 1D Mixed Molybdenum‐Vanadium Heteropolyoxometalate‐Bridged Coordination Polymer
Authors: Liu Cai‐Ming , Luo Jian‐Lin , Zhang De‐Qing , Wang Nan‐Lin , Chen Zhao‐Jia , Zhu Dao‐Ben 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA 1D trimetallic coordination polymer containing mixed molybdenum‐vanadium heteropolyoxometalate bridges, {[Ni(phen)2(H2O)]2[Ni(phen)2][VIV8MoVI6MoV2O40(PO4)]}{[Ni(phen)2(H2O)]2[VIV8MoVI6MoV2O40(PO4)2]}·5H2O·2EtOH (1) (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, EtOH = ethanol), has been synthesised hydrothermally. An X‐ray crystallographic study revealed that 1 is composed of 1D zigzag chains of {[Ni(phen)2(H2O)]2[Ni(phen)2][VIV8MoVI6MoV2O40(PO4)]}nn+ cations, {[Ni(phen)2(H2O)]2 [VIV8MoVI6MoV2O40(PO4)2]}− anions and solvent molecules. Both the cation and the anion in 1 are mixed molybdenum‐vanadium heteropolyoxometalates with covalently linked nickel complex fragments. Magnetic investigations of 1 indicate spin glass behaviour and several magnetic transitions occur at low temperatures (below 20 K). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Homoleptic Tellurium Cyanides Te(CN)x: Crystal Structure of Te(CN)2
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Gálvez‐Ruiz Juan Carlos , Nöth Heinrich , Schwab Ingo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe labile tellurium cyanide species Te(CN)2 and Te(CN)4 have been prepared by treatment of tellurium(IV) tetrahalides with cyanide. Both are thermosensitive solids and, in addition, the tetracyanide was found to be pyrophoric. The crystal structure of Te(CN)2 has been determined. The structures of Te(CN)2, Te(CN)4, and Te(CN)6 have been calculated at various levels of theory. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Mouse in red: Red fluorescent protein expression in mouse ES cells, embryos, and adult animals
Authors: Vintersten Kristina , Monetti Claudio , Gertsenstein Marina , Zhang Puzheng , Laszlo Lajos , Biechele Steffen , Nagy Andras 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSpectral variants of green fluorescent protein are widely used in live samples for a broad range of applications: from visualization of protein interactions, through following gene expression, to marking particular cells in complex tissues. Higher wavelength emissions (such as red) are preferred due to the lower background‐autofluorescence in tissues (Miyawaka et al., Nat Cell Biol Suppl S1–7, 2003). Until now, however, red fluorescent proteins (RFP) have displayed toxicity in murine embryos, which has hampered its application in this model. Here we report strong expression of a recently developed RFP variant, DsRed.T3, in mouse ES cells, embryos, and adult mice. Our results show that the red fluorescent wavelength has a superior tissue penetrance compared with spectral variants of lower wavelength. Furthermore, we have generated an ES cell line and a corresponding transgenic mouse line in which red fluorescence is activated upon Cre excision. Finally, we introduced cell type‐specifically expressed Cre transgenes into this Cre recombinase reporter cell line, and by using the tetraploid embryo complementation assay, we could directly verify the Cre recombinase specificity on ES cell‐derived embryos/animals. genesis 40:241–246, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of independent component analysis with mixture density model to localize brain alpha activity in fMRI and EEG
Authors: Jeong Jeong‐Won , Kim Tae‐Seong , Kim Sung‐Heon , Singh Manbir 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) is an approach to solve the blind source separation problem. In the original and extended versions of ICA, nonlinearity functions are fixed to have specific density forms such as super‐Gaussian or sub‐Gaussian, thereby limiting their performance when sources with different classes of densities are mixed in multichannel data. In this article, we have incorporated a mixture density model such that no assumption about source density would be required. We show that this leads to better source separation due to increased flexibility in handling source‐ densities with flexible parametric nonlinearity. The algorithm was validated through simulation studies and its performance was compared to other versions of ICA. The modified mixture density ICA was then applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) data to localize independent sources of alpha activity in the human brain. A good spatial correlation was found in the spatial distribution of alpha sources derived independently from fMRI and EEG, suggesting that spontaneous alpha rhythm can be imaged by fMRI using ICA without concurrent acquisition of EEG. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 170–180, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20021
Capillary ion chromatography
Authors: Kuban Petr , Dasgupta Purnendu K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis review summarizes progress in capillary ion chromatography. Theoretical aspects and practical limitations of packed and open tubular capillary columns are considered. Applications of packed and open tubular capillary IC are described. Emerging technologies such chip‐scale IC and the use of monolithic columns are discussed.
E‐learning: a service offering
Authors: Moisio Anu , Smeds Riitta 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn Finland, both public and private organizations are actively applying information and communication technology (ICT) in adult education. Providing ICT‐supported education, e‐learning, requires focus on the virtual setting, but also on physical and human factors. Studying the e‐learning phenomenon from a service perspective gives new insights into how to provide better learner satisfaction.The article presents a qualitative two‐case study. The cases come from Finnish organizations: one case from a polytechnic and one case from a large company. The choice of cases gives an excellent opportunity to compare practices between public and private sector. The cases have been studied using participative case simulation, an action research method. This method enables gathering of rich data, since all key players from the real‐life case gather together to share knowledge on a case that was realized in the near past. The researchers get to know how the case was executed in its reality, and not an ideal version about how it should have been realized.After analyzing these cases from a service process point of view, a framework of e‐learning as service provisioning is presented in this article. This framework emphasizes the fact that e‐learning is a mixture of physical and virtual servicing. The most important service element is the interaction between the learner and the tutor. The technology has not removed the importance of the human face; the role of a tutor is reshaping itself. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of Deinococcus radiodurans recovering from γ‐irradiation
Authors: Zhang Chunchao , Wei Jianfeng , Zheng Zhiguo , Ying Nanjiao , Sheng Duohong , Hua Yuejin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn order to reveal the mechanisms of the extreme radioresistance and DNA repair in Deinococcus radiodurans, we examined proteome changes in a wild‐type strain following γ‐irradiation using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Silver‐staining. The expression levels of 26 protein spots showed significant changes under radiation stress. Of these spots, 21 were identified with peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry after tryptic in‐gel digestion. These proteins exhibited various cellular functions, including (i) translation; (ii) transcription; (iii) signal transduction; (iv) post‐translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones; (v) carbohydrate transport and metabolism; (vi) energy production and conversion; (vii) nucleotide transport and metabolism; (viii) inorganic ion transport and metabolism; (ix) DNA replication, recombination and repair; and (x) yet unknown. Most of the proteins have not previously been reported to be relevant to radioresistance.
Novel isoforms of Pru av 1 with diverging immunoglobulin E binding properties identified by a synergistic combination of molecular biology and proteomics
Authors: Reuter Andreas , Fortunato Donatella , Perono Garoffo Lorenza , Napolitano Lorenzo , Scheurer Stephan , Giuffrida Maria G. , Vieths Stefan , Conti Amedeo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBirch pollen‐related food allergies are mainly associated to Bet v 1. Little is known about isoforms of Bet v 1 homologous in fruit of the Rosaceae family. We attempted to identify novel isoforms of Pru av 1, the major cherry allergen, at the cDNA and the protein level by a combination of molecular biology and proteomic tools. A cDNA library was screened with patients immunoglobulin E (IgE) and a specific hybridization probe. Edman sequencing, mass spectrometry (MS), and MS/MS were performed after detecting Pru av 1 on 2‐D maps by immunoblotting using patients IgE and a monoclonal antibody. Partial amino acid sequences were completed with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy. The IgE‐binding properties of the Pru av 1 spots were analyzed by 2‐D blot inhibition. cDNA library analysis revealed a novel Pru av 1 isoform. MS and N‐terminal sequencing confirmed the cDNA sequences at the protein level. A series of spots were confirmed as the already known Pru av 1. One spot, exclusively detected with patients sera, was identified as the novel isoform. A partial amino acid sequence detected with MS/MS was completed by PCR‐cloning. The 2‐D blot inhibition revealed epitope differences between the novel isoform and the previously published Pru av 1. Our data demonstrate that a synergistic combination of molecular biology and proteomics represents a powerful tool for reliable and comprehensive identification of allergen isoforms and variants. The newly identified isoform showed diverging IgE‐binding properties and may be relevant for the diagnosis or therapy of cherry allergy.
A review of electron–phonon coupling seen in the high‐Tc superconductors by angle‐resolved photoemission studies (ARPES)
Authors: Cuk T. , Lu D. H. , Zhou X. J. , Shen Z.‐X. , Devereaux T. P. , Nagaosa N. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe review recent experimental results and phenomenological models of the electron–phonon interaction in high‐Tc superconductors as seen by angle‐resolved photoemission (ARPES). We focus on the relatively higher doped systems for which the data is reminiscent of a single phonon process and highlight evidence for the relevance of several specific phonon modes to these materials. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Starch Properties of New Sweet Potato Lines Having Low Pasting Temperature
Authors: Katayama Kenji , Tamiya Seiji , Ishiguro Koji 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSome new sweet potato lines were developed from progenies of a new cultivar, Quick Sweet, having a low pasting temperature. Starch granules from these lines demonstrated an abnormal morphology characterized by cracking into fragments. Starch and amylose contents were different among these lines. Pasting temperatures of these lines determined by the Rapid Visco Analyser were 53.8 to 66.6°C, i.e. 10 to 20°C lower than that of the control. Peak viscosities of some lines were similar to that of the control. Starch retrogradation, evaluated by percentage of leaked water and hardness of starch gels after cold storage, revealed that the control starch retrograded during storage for two to six weeks, but the starches of some lines retrograded much more slowly than the control starch and exhibited excellent cold storage stability. The pasting temperature had significant positive correlations with the percentage of leaked water and the hardness. These results indicate that Quick Sweet is a useful breeding material for improving pasting and retrogradation properties in sweet potato starch.
Selected Physicochemical Properties of Starch Isolated from Fermented Sorghum Flour
Authors: Elkhalifa Abd Elmoneim O. , Schiffler Burkhard , Bernhardt Rita 
Published: December 2004

AbstractStarch was isolated from fermented sorghum flour (24 h natural lactic acid fermentation), and water retention, starch solubility, clarity of starch pastes and freeze‐thaw stability were measured. In comparison with starch isolated from unfermented sorghum flour, fermentation increased the solubility of the starch and decreased the water retention, but it had no effect on the freeze‐thaw stability of the starch. There was no substantial difference in the starch paste clarity between the two samples. Storage of starch pastes at lower temperature (4°C) resulted in a very low clarity of starch.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Oguni Hirokazu 
Published: December 2004

Summary:  Purpose: The correct diagnosis of epilepsy leads to an appropriate treatment. Methods: The first step is to distinguish epileptic seizures from nonepileptic attacks, and to make a precise seizure diagnosis and classification. The next step is to identify the etiology or basic disorders underlying the epilepsy by physical and neurologic examinations, laboratory tests, including EEGs and neuroradiologic examinations. Although the EEG is the most important laboratory examination for the diagnosis of epilepsy, limitations of EEG interpretations must be recognized. Results: A syndromic classification of the patients, to determine whether they fit known syndromes, should be attempted. If patients do not match a described syndrome, a neurobiologic approach, utilizing genetic, neurophysiological, and neuropharmacologic knowledge, alternatively provides useful information to understand the neurobiologic background of epilepsy. Conclusions: Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages for diagnosing and treating epilepsy. Both approaches can be used interchangeably with patients with seizure disorders, depending upon their condition. The epilepsy diagnosis, etiology, and seizure‐type diagnosis should be reevaluated when seizure control is insufficient with first‐ and second‐line antiepileptic drugs.
Defining eradication units to control invasive pests
Authors: ROBERTSON BRUCE C. , GEMMELL NEIL J. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryPest eradication is an important facet of conservation and ecological restoration and has been applied successfully to invasive rat species on offshore and oceanic islands. Successful eradication requires the definition of a target population that is of manageable size, with low recolonization risk. We applied a molecular genetic approach to the identification of populations suitable for eradication (eradication units) to provide a new tool to assist the management of brown ratsRattus norvegicuson South Georgia (Southern Ocean).A single eradication attempt on South Georgia (4000 km2) would be an order of magnitude larger than any previously successful rat eradication programme (110 km2). However, rats are demarcated into glacially isolated populations, which could allow sequential eradication. We examined genetic variation at 18 nuclear microsatellite loci to identify gene flow between two glacially isolated rat populations. One population, Greene Peninsula (30 km2), was earmarked for an eradication trial.Genetic diversity in 40 rats sampled from each population showed a pronounced level of genetic population differentiation, allowing individuals to be assigned to the correct population of origin.Our study suggests limited or negligible gene flow between the populations and that glaciers, permanent ice and icy waters restrict rat dispersal on South Georgia. Such barriers define eradication units that, with due care, could be eradicated with low risk of recolonization, hence facilitating the removal of brown rats from South Georgia.Synthesis and applications. We propose that the molecular definition of eradication units is a valuable approach to management as it (i) provides a temporal perspective to gene flow, which is important if dispersal events are rare; (ii) allows an eradication failure (i.e. surviving individuals) to be distinguished from a recolonization event, opening the way for adaptive management in the face of failure; and (iii) can aid the management of pest species in habitat continua by resolving meta‐population dynamics, so guiding pest eradication/control strategies. This study further illustrates the developing array of applied ecological issues in which molecular techniques can help guide management.
POOR NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND INFLAMMATION: Metabolic Acidosis and Malnutrition‐Inflammation Complex Syndrome in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Mehrotra Rajnish , Fouque Denis , Kopple Joel D. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTMetabolic acidosis, a common condition in patients with renal failure, may be linked to protein‐energy malnutrition (PEM) and inflammation, together also known as malnutrition‐inflammation complex syndrome (MICS). Methods of serum bicarbonate measurement may misrepresent the true bicarbonate level, since the total serum carbon dioxide measurement usually overestimates the serum bicarbonate concentration. Moreover, the air transportation of blood samples to distant laboratories may lead to erroneous readings. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), a significant number of endocrine, musculoskeletal, and metabolic abnormalities are believed to result from acidemia. Metabolic acidosis may be related to PEM and MICS due to an increased protein catabolism, decreased protein synthesis, endocrine abnormalities including insulin resistance, decreased serum leptin level, and inflammation among individuals with renal failure. Evidence suggests that the catabolic effects of metabolic acidosis may result from an increased activity of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent ubiquitin‐proteasome and branched‐chain keto acid dehydrogenase. In contrast to the metabolic studies, many epidemiologic studies in maintenance dialysis patients have indicated a paradoxically inverse association between mildly decreased serum bicarbonate and improved markers of protein‐energy nutritional state. Hence metabolic acidosis may be considered as yet another element of the reverse epidemiology in ESRD patients. Interventional studies have yielded inconsistent results in CKD and ESRD patients, although in peritoneal dialysis patients, mitigating acidemia appears to more consistently improve nutritional status and reduce hospitalizations. Large‐scale, prospective randomized interventional studies are needed to ascertain the potential benefits of correcting acidemia in malnourished and/or inflamed CKD and maintenance hemodialysis patients. Until then, all attempts should be made to adhere to the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease and Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines to maintain a serum bicarbonate level in ESRD patients of at least 22 mEq/L.
POOR NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND INFLAMMATION: Metabolic Consequences of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Burkart John 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTOptimization of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) prescription includes attempts to normalize the patient's blood pressure and extracellular volume. To do so, one must utilize crystalloid or colloid osmotic agents to achieve ultrafiltration. These osmotic agents are systemically absorbed and thus have both potential benefits and adverse effects. With glucose‐based dialysate solutions, the average patient absorbs 300–450 kcal of glucose per day on either continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or the cycler. The amount of glucose absorbed varies based on peritoneal transport characteristics, prescription, and tonicity of fluids used. Alternative osmotic agents such as amino acids and macromolecular solutions, including polypeptides and polyglucose (icodextrin) solutions, have a different rate of systemic absorption and thus a different caloric load profile. In addition, there are protein losses that average about 10 g/day with glucose‐based solutions and glucose losses with either amino acid or icodextrin dialysate solutions. There are also potential advantages of these alternative solutions with regard to ultrafiltration. Glucose‐based solutions require the development of significant crystalloid osmotic forces, which are dissipated as glucose is absorbed systemically. In contrast, macromolecular solutions achieve ultrafiltration via differences in colloid osmotic pressure, and the absorption of these agents is of a lesser magnitude than glucose‐based solutions. Further research is needed to determine other potential risks and benefits of these alternative dialysate solutions.
American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology Section Editor: Stephen Ash: An Interesting Case of Early Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: How I Would Code It
Authors: Beathard Gerald A. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTTreatment of early fistula failure can present a challenge as it relates to the evaluation and treatments required for successful management. It can also present a challenge related to accurate and correct coding of the procedures performed. A clinical case is presented in order to discuss the coding of a case with early fistula failure. The procedure is analyzed in detail in order to determine the appropriate codes to apply to the case. The coding is done in accordance with the principles adopted by the American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology (ASDIN).