bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Men's satisfaction with female/unisex and male incontinence pads: a comparative clinical audit
Authors: Broom Ruth 
Published: October 2023

Background: Urinary incontinence is a common and impactful condition. Despite the availability of incontinence pads specifically designed for the male form, many men use pads designed to fit the female anatomy. Aim: This clinical audit-based study compares female/unisex and male incontinence pads in male community patients with urinary incontinence. Method: A survey was used to collect Likert-scale data on overall satisfaction and satisfaction with specific aspects of female/unisex and male incontinence pads, as well as with their health and wellbeing and situation and attitudes before and after intervention. Qualitative data were collected on positive features of, reasons for dissatisfaction with and suggested changes to each pad. Results: Among 18 participants, and in all but one domain, satisfaction scores were higher for male pads overall, with the greatest increases in score (1–5) for physical coverage of genital area (1.5), ability to hold urine without leaks (1.4) and level of comfort when wet (1.3). Using a male pad had a positive impact on participants' sense of health and wellbeing. Positive qualitative feedback focused on comfort, ease of use and reliability, as well as the anatomical fit of the male pad. Conclusions: Sex-specific fit is an important factor in the acceptability of an incontinence pad for men with urinary incontinence. Wearing pads specifically designed for the male anatomy provides men with a greater sense of comfort and confidence.
Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and fibrinogen levels in ovarian cancer
Authors: Rosaudyn Roudhona , Mutiani Faradillah , Yuliati Indra , Indraprasta Birama Robby 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and fibrinogen levels have been associated with mortality in several malignancies. However, the studies on the association between NLR or fibrinogen levels and ovarian cancer prognosis are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic roles of NLR and fibrinogen in ovarian cancer.
METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases was performed to analyze studies on the association of pre-treatment NLR and fibrinogen levels with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with ovarian cancer. The hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals [CIs] were analyzed. All statistical analyses were done using RevMan version 5.4 (Cochrane, United Kingdom).
RESULTS A total of 7,312 patients from 27 studies were included. The median cut-off for high NLR was 3.6 for OS among 17 studies and 3.23 for PFS among 11 studies reporting an NLR HR. The median cut-off for fibrinogen levels was 4.0 in 9 studies reporting fibrinogen levels HR. High NLR was associated with lower OS (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.55, p<0.0001, I2 = 76%) and PFS (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.60, p = 0.0005, I2 = 71%). High fibrinogen levels were associated with lower OS (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.82, p = 0.002, I2 = 81%) and PFS (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.55, p<0.0001, I2 = 15%). This association occurred in all ovarian cancer types.
CONCLUSIONS High pre-treatment NLR and plasma fibrinogen levels were related to poor OS and PFS in ovarian cancer.
Modelling how plant cell-cycle progression leads to cell size regulation
Authors: Williamson Daniel , Tasker-Brown William , Murray James A. H. , Jones Angharad R. , Band Leah R. 
Published: October 2023

Populations of cells typically maintain a consistent size, despite cell division rarely being precisely symmetrical. Therefore, cells must possess a mechanism of “size control”, whereby the cell volume at birth affects cell-cycle progression. While size control mechanisms have been elucidated in a number of other organisms, it is not yet clear how this mechanism functions in plants.
Here, we present a mathematical model of the key interactions in the plant cell cycle. Model simulations reveal that the network of interactions exhibits limit-cycle solutions, with biological switches underpinning both the G1/S and G2/M cell-cycle transitions. Embedding this network model within growing cells, we test hypotheses as to how cell-cycle progression can depend on cell size. We investigate two different mechanisms at both the G1/S and G2/M transitions: (i) differential expression of cell-cycle activator and inhibitor proteins (with synthesis of inhibitor proteins being independent of cell size), and (ii) equal inheritance of inhibitor proteins after cell division. The model demonstrates that both these mechanisms can lead to larger daughter cells progressing through the cell cycle more rapidly, and can thus contribute to cell-size control. To test how these features enable size homeostasis over multiple generations, we then simulated these mechanisms in a cell-population model with multiple rounds of cell division. These simulations suggested that integration of size-control mechanisms at both G1/S and G2/M provides long-term cell-size homeostasis.
We concluded that while both size independence and equal inheritance of inhibitor proteins can reduce variations in cell size across individual cell-cycle phases, combining size-control mechanisms at both G1/S and G2/M is essential to maintain size homeostasis over multiple generations. Thus, our study reveals how features of the cell-cycle network enable cell-cycle progression to depend on cell size, and provides a mechanistic understanding of how plant cell populations maintain consistent size over generations.
Decomposition analysis of the decline in binary and triad undernutrition among preschool children in India
Authors: Dixit Priyanka , Tonpe Mayura , Bhatia Mrigesh 
Published: October 2023

Background
To examine the socio-demographic factors associated with the decline in undernutrition among preschool children in India from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3, 2005–06 to NFHS– 5, 2019–21.

Methods
For this study data were obtained from India’s nationally representative datasets such as NFHS-3 and NFHS-5. The outcome variables for this study were Binary undernutrition which were defined as the coexistence of anemia and either stunting or wasting and Undernutrition triad which were defined as the presence of Iron deficiency anemia, stunting and wasting, respectively. Decomposition analysis was used to study the factors responsible for a decline in undernutrition. This method was employed to understand how these factors contributed to the decline in undernutrition whether due to change in the composition (change in the composition of the population) or propensity (change in the health-related behaviour of the population) of the population over a period of 16 years.

Results
Results showed that rate, which contributes 85.26% and 65.64%, respectively, to total change, was primarily responsible for a decline in both binary undernutrition and undernutrition triad. Reduction in Binary undernutrition was mainly explained by the change in the rate of education level of the mothers and media exposer during the inter-survey period. On the other hand, the decline in the Undernutrition triad can be explained by household wealth index, mother’s education, birth order and a change in people’s knowledge or practice about the preceding birth interval.

Conclusion
Identifying important factors and understanding their relationship with the decline of undernutrition can be beneficial for reorienting nutrition-specific policies to achieve the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
Atmospheric Moon River
Authors: Rader Matthew 
Published: October 2023

These two long poems address both embodied and encultured experiences of climate change in the Kelowna region of the Okanagan Valley and the Salmon Arm region of the Shuswap in the British Columbia southern interior. Both poems grapple with the fear of future-oriented thinking in a time of climate catastrophe while registering the long historical dimensions that inform that present fear.
“Atmospheric Moon River” examines desire and beauty in the context of torrential rain and flooding that resulted in the deaths of several humans and many hundreds of farm animals. The poem updates old questions about the ethics of aesthetics when it comes to suffering in the present environmental context. The poem also draws a line from the first erotic love poem in English to the work of cultural theorists such as Michel Foucault and Judith Butler and “classic” Hollywood cinema.
“Sweet Air” links a story of personal illness and the loss of reproductive potential to the drama and climate anxiety of dramatically unseasonable weather. In “Sweet Air” the interlocutor of the poem has portions of her fallopian tubes removed to protect her from future illness resulting in the loss of an imagined future. That loss plays out against the backdrop of climate uncertainty and the resulting troubling of broader imagined futures.
«DÍKE» O «BÍA»? DALLA “HARD LAW” ALLA “SOFT LAW”: UNA BREVE RIFLESSIONE SULL’IMPATTO DI NEO-LIBERISMO E NEO-LIBERALISMO SULLE FONTI DEL DIRITTO
Authors: Pettinari Nicola 
Published: October 2023

Contesto: Nell’ottica di osservare la progressiva – e attualmente incalzante – dissoluzione delle entità statuali come epicentro e baricentro di sistemi produttivi autoctoni e di sedi politico-decisionali sovrane, il neo-liberismo (quale ideologia e agenda economico-finanziaria) e il neo-liberalismo (quale corrispondente ideologia e agenda politica) assumono la connotazione di fenomeni complessi. Obiettivo: Il punto focale del presente saggio gravita intorno a come neoliberismo e neoliberalismo si riversino sul sistema delle fonti giuridiche interne italiane (fenomeno che costituisce un dente sostanziale della ruota dentata della lesione di sovranità), andando essenzialmente ad erodere lo spazio tradizionalmente – e costituzionalmente! – riservato alla c.d. “hard law” (concepita per offrire garanzie di legittimazione democratica delle norme giuridiche, oltre che di legalità costituzionale) in favore della c.d. "soft law".. Metodologia: Come metodo di ricerca, viene utilizzato il metodo deduttivo con la tecnica di ricerca bibliografica e dalla consultazione delle informazioni primarie. Risultato: Nel corso dell’analisi intrapresa, una particolare attenzione verrà prestata all’emblematico caso di studio dell’Ufficio parlamentare di bilancio (UPB), un organismo indipendente imposto dalla nuova governance economica europea la cui esistenza, organizzazione e attività appaiono strettamente connesse al prevalere di fonti giuridiche di "soft law"..
PERSPECTIVAS FILOSÓFICAS EN LA BÚSQUEDA DE LA PAZ, LA JUSTICIA Y LAS INSTITUCIONES SÓLIDAS EN LA AGENDA 2030
Authors: Gonçalves Rubén Miranda 
Published: October 2023

Contextualización: En el presente estudio se abordan las conexiones entre la ética, el derecho y la sostenibilidad, centrándose en el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible número 16 de la Agenda 2030, haciendo una exégesis de sus desafíos y perspectivas para la construcción de sociedades pacíficas y justas. El ODS 16 se enfoca en la promoción de la paz, la justicia y la construcción de instituciones sólidas en la sociedad.
Objetivo: Desde una perspectiva filosófica, se analizará la proyección de la paz y de la justicia en las diferentes corrientes filosóficas y haciendo un énfasis en la filosofía de Rawls y Kant.
Metodología: La metodología de investigación empleada ha sido descriptiva, bibliográfica y documental.
Resultados: Desde una visión panorámica, el ODS 16 se presenta como uno de los ODS más ambiciosos y desafiantes de la Agenda 2030, pues conlleva una transformación profunda de las estructuras políticas, sociales y económicas que regulan las dinámicas entre Estados y comunidades. Para alcanzar este objetivo, es esencial contar con una visión compartida, una, una voluntad política, una cooperación efectiva y una participación activa de todos los actores relevantes, no solo a nivel nacional, sino también internacional.
PESSOA E SOCIEDADE: AS AUTONOMIAS PRIVADA E PÚBLICA NA FILOSOFIA DE JÜRGEN HABERMAS
Authors: Oliveira Fábio Cesar dos Santos 
Published: October 2023

Contextualização: A possibilidade de reivindicações divergentes a partir das noções de direitos individuais e demandas coletivas é objeto de estudo da Filosofia, do Direito e das Ciências Sociais. A contraposição entre indivíduo e sociedade no Estado de Direito é vista, pelo paradigma liberal, mediante a prevalência dos direitos individuais sobre a intervenção estatal e ações que privilegiem o bem-estar coletivo, ao passo que o paradigma comunitário-republicano destaca a inserção da pessoa no agrupamento coletivo como elemento indissociável para compreensão do sujeito de direito e rejeição de pretensões individualistas. Jürgen Habermas oferece a possibilidade de reconstrução de tais argumentos a partir da ideia de cooriginalidade das autonomias privada e pública.
Objetivo: O artigo tem como objetivo verificar se a hipótese de cooriginalidade das autonomias privada e pública é capaz de oferecer resposta aos problemas decorrentes das teorias que afirmam a prevalência da autonomia privada ou da autonomia pública em um regime democrático com observância dos direitos humanos.
Metodologia: A metodologia valeu-se do método hipotético-dedutivo, tendo sido adotada a revisão bibliográfica como técnica de pesquisa.
Resultados: verificou-se que as autonomias privada e política têm criação concomitante enquanto pressupostos indispensáveis à prática democrática cujo resultado esteja lastreado no esperado assentimento de todos os possíveis atingidos, na qualidade de participantes de discursos racionais no processo de deliberação. A conclusão de que direitos individuais e políticos são afirmados em conjunto para que o sujeito possa livremente formar as convicções a serem externadas na deliberação democrática, que, por sua vez, legitima os seus direitos subjetivos, também implica a rejeição de posicionamentos que privilegiem uma perspectiva estritamente liberal ou republicana no estudo de direitos e da relação entre indivíduo e Estado.
NÃO ACREDITE EM TUDO QUE VÊ: DEEPFAKE PORNOGRAPHY E RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Chiarello de Souza Pinto Felipe , Franklin de Oliveira Gabriela 
Published: October 2023

Contextualização: O fenômeno da desinformação vem sendo alvo de preocupação na esfera mundial, especialmente quando se trata de eleições e ameaças à democracia. Em 2018, nos Estados Unidos, a Deepfake começou a ganhar destaque por ser ainda mais manipuladora do que as Fake News, já que, enquanto a primeira utiliza imagens, vídeos e áudios modificados por inteligência artificial, a segunda é produzida por pessoas e de forma escrita. No entanto, o que pouco se fala é que as Deepfakes de cunho pornográfico são as que mais circulam na internet, tendo como vítimas as mulheres cujas imagens são utilizadas sem consentimento. Assim, inicia-se um debate acerca de como responsabilizar civilmente os causadores do dano de acordo com as normas do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.
Objetivo: Identificar os problemas, impactos e preocupações relacionado a prática de Deepfakes.
Metodologia: Análise de casos e de isntrumentos legislatiovos internacionais aliados a análise da legislação nacional pertinente ao caso das Deepfakes.
Resultados: Como resultado da presente pesquisa, foi proposto a autorregulação das plataformas como solução rápida e eficaz no combate à propagação de Deepfakes.
Simulation of Porosity Regrowth during Heat Treatment after Hot Isostatic Pressing in Titanium Components
Authors: Behrens C. , Siewert M. , Lüke A. , Bödeker D. , Ploshikhin V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is driven by design freedom, having fewer process constraints than traditional manufacturing processes. It requires careful process control and qualified parameters to create dense metal parts. However, defects in the form of cavities can be detected in as-built specimens by computed tomography. Post-processing techniques such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are applied to eliminate porosity, but regrowth of argon gas pores is observed after additional heat treatment.
In this work, a mesoscopic heat treatment simulation of an argon-filled gas pore in titanium components is presented. A combination of HIP and high-temperature heat treatment for β-annealing is simulated. Calculated pore regrowth is qualitatively consistent with experimental observation from the literature. Simulation results support the hypothesis of argon not dissolving in the titanium matrix by assuming a constant amount of argon particles in the pore. Mesoscopic heat treatment simulations may be a part of a simulation-driven optimization of thermal post-processing to improve the quality and performance of AM components.
(Aus-)Handlungen des Transnationalen
Authors: Keßler Catharina I. , Szakács-Behling Simona 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag rückt Schulwebsites und diskursive Praktiken im Horizont von Transnationalisierung in den Fokus und untersucht, wie sich Transnationalisierung in den Onlinedarstellungen von Schul- und Schüler*innenaustauschen, (extra-)curricularen Angeboten und Projekten, aber auch Bezugnahmen auf die eigene Schüler*innenschaft zeigt bzw. wechselseitig hergestellt wird. Die Autorinnen verstehen Schulen in diesem Kontext als organisationale Akteurinnen und fragen nach ihrer Rolle bei Transnationalisierung als einem zunehmend bildungspolitisch wie wissenschaftlich relevanten Phänomen sowie nach Ambivalenzen und Ambiguitäten schulischer Transnationalisierung, wie sie in diskursiven (Aus-)Handlungen auf Schulwebsites hinsichtlich ungleicher Vorstellungen von Vielfalt und Teilhabe gezeigt werden können.
Rescue of Normal Excitability in LGI1-Deficient Epileptic Neurons
Authors: Extrémet Johanna , Ramirez-Franco Jorge , Fronzaroli-Molinieres Laure , Boumedine-Guignon Norah , Ankri Norbert , El Far Oussama , Garrido Juan José , Debanne Dominique , Russier Michaël 
Published: October 2023

Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) is a glycoprotein secreted by neurons, the deletion of which leads to autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. We previously showed that LGI1 deficiency in a mouse model (i.e., knock-out for LGI1 or KO-Lgi1) decreased Kv1.1 channel density at the axon initial segment (AIS) and at presynaptic terminals, thus enhancing both intrinsic excitability and glutamate release. However, it is not known whether normal excitability can be restored in epileptic neurons. Here, we show that the selective expression of LGI1 in KO-Lgi1 neurons from mice of both sexes, using single-cell electroporation, reduces intrinsic excitability and restores both the Kv1.1-mediated D-type current and Kv1.1 channels at the AIS. In addition, we show that the homeostatic-like shortening of the AIS length observed in KO-Lgi1 neurons is prevented in neurons electroporated with the Lgi1 gene. Furthermore, we reveal a spatial gradient of intrinsic excitability that is centered on the electroporated neuron. We conclude that expression of LGI1 restores normal excitability through functional Kv1 channels at the AIS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe lack of leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) protein induces severe epileptic seizures that leads to death. Enhanced intrinsic and synaptic excitation in KO-Lgi1 mice is because of the decrease in Kv1.1 channels in CA3 neurons. However, the conditions to restore normal excitability profile in epileptic neurons remain to be defined. We show here that the expression of LGI1 in KO-Lgi1 neurons in single neurons reduces intrinsic excitability, and restores both the Kv1.1-mediated D-type current and Kv1.1 channels at the axon initial segment (AIS). Furthermore, the homeostatic shortening of the AIS length observed in KO-Lgi1 neurons is prevented in neurons in which the Lgi1 gene has been rescued. We conclude that LGI1 constitutes a critical factor to restore normal excitability in epileptic neurons.
Predicting Atrophy of the Cochlear Stria Vascularis from the Shape of the Threshold Audiogram
Authors: Kaur Charanjeet , Wu Pei-Zhe , O'Malley Jennifer T. , Liberman M. Charles 
Published: October 2023

Several lines of evidence have suggested that steeply sloping audiometric losses are caused by hair cell degeneration, while flat audiometric losses are caused by strial atrophy, but this concept has never been rigorously tested in human specimens. Here, we systematically compare audiograms and cochlear histopathology in 160 human cases from the archival collection of celloidin-embedded temporal bones at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear. The dataset included 106 cases from a prior study of normal-aging ears, and an additional 54 cases selected by combing the database for flat audiograms. Audiogram shapes were classified algorithmically into five groups according to the relation between flatness (i.e., SD of hearing levels across all frequencies) and low-frequency pure-tone average (i.e., mean at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 kHz). Outer and inner hair cell losses, neural degeneration, and strial atrophy were all quantified as a function of cochlear location in each case. Results showed that strial atrophy was worse in the apical than the basal half of the cochlea and was worse in females than in males. The degree of strial atrophy was uncorrelated with audiogram flatness. Apical atrophy was correlated with low-frequency thresholds and basal atrophy with high-frequency thresholds, and the former correlation was higher. However, a multivariable regression with all histopathological measures as predictors and audiometric thresholds as the outcome showed that strial atrophy was a significant predictor of threshold shift only in the low-frequency region, and, even there, the contribution of outer hair cell damage was larger.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCochlear pathology can only be assessed postmortem; thus, human cochlear histopathology is critical to our understanding of the mechanisms of hearing loss. Dogma holds that relative damage to sensory cells, which transduce mechanical vibration into electrical signals, versus the stria vascularis, the cellular battery that powers transduction, can be inferred by the shape of the audiogram, that is, down-sloping (hair cell damage) versus flat (strial atrophy). Here we quantified hair cell and strial atrophy in 160 human specimens to show that it is the degree of low-frequency hearing loss, rather than the audiogram slope, that predicts strial atrophy. Results are critical to the design of clinical trials for hearing-loss therapeutics, as current drugs target only hair cell, not strial, regeneration.
Tick‐borne flavivirus NS5 antagonizes interferon signaling by inhibiting the catalytic activity of TYK2
Authors: Gracias Ségolène , Chazal Maxime , Decombe Alice , Unterfinger Yves , Sogues Adrià , Pruvost Lauryne , Robert Valentine , Lacour Sandrine A , Lemasson Manon , Sourisseau Marion , Li Zhi , Richardson Jennifer , Pellegrini Sandra , Decroly Etienne , Caval Vincent , Jouvenet Nolwenn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms utilized by different flaviviruses to evade antiviral functions of interferons are varied and incompletely understood. Using virological approaches, biochemical assays, and mass spectrometry analyses, we report here that the NS5 protein of tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Louping Ill virus (LIV), two related tick‐borne flaviviruses, antagonize JAK–STAT signaling through interactions with the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). Co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) experiments, yeast gap‐repair assays, computational protein–protein docking and functional studies identify a stretch of 10 residues of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase domain of tick‐borne flavivirus NS5, but not mosquito‐borne NS5, that is critical for interactions with the TYK2 kinase domain. Additional co‐IP assays performed with several TYK2 orthologs reveal that the interaction is conserved across mammalian species. In vitro kinase assays show that TBEV and LIV NS5 reduce the catalytic activity of TYK2. Our results thus illustrate a novel mechanism by which viruses suppress the interferon response.