bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Danish Population of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Three-Fold Higher than in the General Population
Authors: Lauenborg Jeannet , Mathiesen Elisabeth , Hansen Torben , Glümer Charlotte , Jørgensen Torben , Borch-Johnsen Knut , Hornnes Peter , Pedersen Oluf , Damm Peter 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Context: Diabetes and obesity, components of the metabolic syndrome, are common characteristics of women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Due to increasing incidence of diabetes and obesity, the metabolic syndrome might comprise a major health problem among these women.
Objective: The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by three different criteria [World Health Organization 1999 (WHO), The National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults 2001, and European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance 2002] among women with previous GDM.
Design: We conducted a follow-up study of a Danish cohort of women admitted in 1978–1996 to the Diabetes and Pregnancy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, with diet-treated GDM. The follow-up took place in 2000–2002 at median 9.8 yr (interquartile range 6.4–17.2) after pregnancy. Results were compared with a control group of 1000 age-matched women from a population-based sample (Inter99).
Participants: Four hundred eighty-one women at median age 43 yr (interquartile range 38–48) participated.
Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance.
Results: Independent of the criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times higher in the prior GDM group, compared with the control group (e.g. WHO: 38.4 vs. 13.4%, P &lt; 0.0005). Age- and BMI-adjusted odds ratio for having the WHO-defined metabolic syndrome was 3.4 (95% confidence interval 2.5–4.8) for the prior GDM group vs. the control group. Obese women (BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2) with previous GDM had a more than 7-fold increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (WHO), compared with normal-weight prior GDM women (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2). In glucose-tolerant women, the prevalence was doubled in the prior GDM group, compared with control group.
Conclusion: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times as high in women with prior diet-treated GDM, compared with age-matched control subjects.
Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome with Osteoporosis and Secondary Adrenal Failure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Receiving Inhaled Corticosteroids and Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitors: Six Cases
Authors: Samaras Katherine , Pett Sarah , Gowers Andrew , McMurchie Marilyn , Cooper David A. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor (PI), is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A4. This pharmacological effect, even at low doses (≤200 mg/d), is used to “boost” levels of other PIs in the treatment of HIV infection and facilitate once or twice daily dosing with reduced pill burden. Six patients with preexisting HIV-lipodystrophy developed symptomatic Cushing’s syndrome when treated with inhaled fluticasone at varying doses for asthma while concurrently treated with low-dose ritonavir-boosted PI antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens for HIV infection. There was evidence of adrenal suppression in all patients on stimulation studies. After the withdrawal of inhaled fluticasone, four patients became symptomatic of hypocortisolism, and three required oral corticosteroid support for several months. Other complications included evidence of osteoporosis (n = 3), crush fractures (n = 1), and exacerbation of preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 1). In part, the diagnosis of fluticasone-induced Cushing’s syndrome was delayed because all patients had preexisting body composition changes of ART-associated lipodystrophy, masking the Cushing’s features. Practitioners should be aware of the impact on the adrenal axis of coadministration of PI-based ART regimens with inhaled corticosteroids and the potential for exacerbating or even inducing other metabolic conditions, such as osteoporosis or diabetes.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase Deficiency: Identification of the First Mutation in Two Brothers and Restoration of Activity by Protein Complementation
Authors: Maj Mary C. , MacKay Neviana , Levandovskiy Valeriy , Addis Jane , Baumgartner E. Regula , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Robinson Brian H. , Cameron Jessie M. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Context: Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP) deficiency has been previously reported as an enzymopathy, but the genetic basis for such a defect has never been established.
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the cause of the defect in two patients who presented with PDP deficiency.
Patients: We studied two brothers of consanguineous parents who presented with neonatal hypotonia, elevated lactate, and less than 25% native pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) activity in skin fibroblasts compared with controls. The activity of the complex could be restored to normal values by preincubation of the cells with dichloroacetate or by treating cell extracts with calcium.
Results: These two individuals were found to be homozygous for a 3-bp deletion in the coding sequence of the PDP isoform 1 (PDP1), which removes the amino acid residue leucine from position 213 of the protein. A recombinant version of this protein was synthesized and found to have a very reduced (&lt;5%) ability to activate purified PDHc. Reduced steady-state levels of PDP1 in the patient’s fibroblasts coupled with the low catalytic activity of the mutant PDP1 resulted in native PDHc activity being reduced, but this could be corrected by the addition of recombinant PDP1 (wild type).
Conclusion: We have identified mutations in PDP1 in two brothers with PDP deficiency and have proven that the mutation is disease-causing. This is the first demonstration of human disease due to a mutation in PDP1.
An ‘experiment’ in Indigenous social policy: the rise and fall of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC)
Authors: Cunningham Joan , Baeza Juan I. 
Published: July 2005

English
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) was established in 1990 as part of the Australian government's attempts to address the extensive disadvantages faced by Indigenous Australians. ATSIC was described as a “path-breaking experiment” in indigenous affairs, combining administrative and representative functions in one statutory body. By 2004, however, ATSIC was all but dead. This article describes the short life history of ATSIC and examines the major conflicts, tensions and criticisms that have led to its demise.
The not-so-hidden politics of fluoridation
Authors: Winstanley Ann 
Published: July 2005

English
Fluoridation of public drinking water supplies has been an ongoing source of debate involving numerous actors including central and local governments, both internationally and in New Zealand. This article outlines the impact of restructuring on the political and health sector, and critiques the arguments used by political actors to justify certain processes of public participation and decision-making practices within the wider context of increasing distrust of science and political authority. The empirical material is drawn from a research project for the Ministry of Health, New Zealand, that explored and assessed factors affecting council decision making in relation to fluoridation.
Immediate Postoperative Evaluation of the Surgical Wound and Nutritional Evolution after Cheiloplasty
Authors: Assunção Antônio Guedes Alcoforado , Pinto Maria Alice Farha , Peres Suely Prietode Barros Almeida , Tristão Maria Teresa Cazal 
Published: July 2005

Objective To evaluate the nutritional status and behavior of the surgical wound following cheiloplasty. Setting Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants Forty-five nursing children aged 3 to 13 months old, either bottle-fed or spoon-fed, submitted to cheiloplasty during the study period. Results The results did not demonstrate significant differences between the study groups regarding gender, age, nutritional status, and condition of the surgical wound. Upon completion of the study, the infants of both groups were eutrophic, presenting increase in growth and development, with no hematoma, significant edema, sutural dehiscence, bleeding, or infection at the operated area. Conclusions Both kinds of nursing, spoon- and bottle-feeding, had the same influence on nutritional status and wound condition in both study groups. We suggest that bottle-feeding should be tried in patients in the postoperative period of cheiloplasty, because this method was used after surgery without causing any damage to the lip surgical wound.
Treatment of Osseous Cleft Palate Defects: A Preliminary Evaluation of Novel Treatment Modalities
Authors: Peled Micha , Aizenbud Dror , Horwitz Jacob , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: July 2005

Objective To compare the use of autogenous iliac bone graft (ABG) alone with nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Gore-Tex TR membrane (GTM) and with ABG plus resorbable Resolut XT membrane barriers for the secondary closure of alveolar cleft defects. Study Design Fifteen patients aged 9 to 17 years with unilateral cleft palate were included in this study. All patients had primary closure of the soft tissues at infancy. Presurgical orthodontics and scaling preceded the surgery. The patients were randomized to one of three surgical treatment groups: (1) ABG, (2) GTM, or (3) autogenous bone plus resorbable membrane (ABM). Periapical radiographs were taken pretreatment and 2 to 6 years later and were used to measure changes in size (linear and area) of the osseous defect. Results Significant decreases were observed in mean initial defect width (9.8 to 6.7 mm; p = .0263), mean initial defect height (20.7 to 15.1 mm), and overall mean defect size (223.6 to 143.9 mm2). Greater improvement in mean defect width was observed for the ABM group (6.42 mm) compared with the ABG (1.22 mm) and GTM (1.38 mm) groups. The reduction in overall mean defect size was significantly greater in the ABM group (177 mm2) compared with the GTM (20.51 mm2) and ABG (41.69 mm2) groups. Conclusion Guided bone regeneration was found potentially useful for the treatment of osseous cleft palate defects. The combined approach yielded significantly greater defect fill. If further substantiated in larger independent studies, the adjunctive use of barrier membranes could improve the management of secondary closure of cleft palate defects.
Parental Satisfaction with the CranioCap: A New Cranial Orthosis for Deformational Plagiocephaly
Authors: Elwood Eric T. , Petronio Joseph , Wood Robert J. 
Published: July 2005

Objective This study evaluates the safety and parent satisfaction of a new cranial orthosis designed to treat deformational plagiocephaly. Design A retrospective phone survey of parental satisfaction of a new cranial orthosis that has Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for treatment of deformational plagiocephaly. Setting A tertiary referral center for children with craniofacial anomalies. Patients The first 232 consecutive infants enrolled in this program were retrospectively reviewed. Interventions Infants were entered in the cranial orthosis program if they had been diagnosed with deformational plagiocephaly and were less than 1 year of age, and if the infant's parents were interested in enrolling in a monitored cranial orthosis program. Main Outcome Measure After completing therapy, a random sample of 81 parents (half completing treatment) was surveyed. Parents rated the improvement in their infant's head shape from 1 (least) to 5 (most). They were asked if they would repeat the program with a subsequent child. To date, 70% (162/ 232) have completed treatment. Results The orthosis was worn an average of 89 days. On average, parents rated head shape improvement 4.06 out of 5 (range, 3 to 5). Of parents surveyed, 81 (100%) would repeat the program with a subsequent child. There were three (3/232 or 1.3%) minor complications: one child with a persistent rash that resolved with termination of orthosis use, one child with a skin irritation that resolved with orthosis recontouring, and one child who could not be successfully fit. Conclusions The CranioCap, a new cranial orthosis with clearance for treatment of deformational plagiocephaly, appears to be safe, well tolerated, and has excellent parent satisfaction.
Dermatoglyphic Pattern Types in Subjects with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate (CL/P) and Their Unaffected Relatives in the Philippines
Authors: Scott Nicole M. , Weinberg Seth M. , Neiswanger Katherine , Daack-Hirsch Sandra , O'Brien Sarah , Murray Jeffrey C. , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: July 2005

Objective To investigate dermatoglyphic patterns in 95 nonsyndromic Filipino subjects with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and 90 of their unaffected relatives. Design Retrospective study of dermatoglyphic pattern types. Setting Negros Occidental and Cavite in the Philippines. Participants Nonsyndromic subjects with CL/P and their unaffected relatives. Methods Dermatoglyphic patterns were categorized as arch, ulnar loop, radial loop, whorl, or other by three independent raters. Pattern data from the subjects, the unaffected relatives, and an unaffected control population (from the literature) were compared using chi-square tests. As a measure of asymmetry, dissimilarity between pattern types on homologous fingers was quantified and compared using Student's t tests. Results The frequency of arches (p = .016) and ulnar loops (p = .04) were significantly increased, and whorls decreased in the affected group (p = .0015), compared with the unaffected group. Affected female subjects had significantly more ulnar loops and arches (p = .009 and p = .023, respectively) and fewer whorls (p < .0001) than the unaffected female subjects. There were no significant differences between affected and unaffected male subjects. Dissimilarity scores were significantly different between male and female subjects and between subjects with CL/P and unaffected relatives. Additionally, pattern type frequencies for the relatives fell in between the frequencies for the CL/P group and the controls. Conclusions In this Filipino population, differences in frequency of dermatoglyphic pattern types and pattern dissimilarity exist between individuals with orofacial clefts and their unaffected relatives and between both groups and controls, with the major effect seen in female subjects.
Schottky Effect‐Enabled High Unit‐Area Capacitive Interface for Flexible Pressure Sensors
Authors: Yang Guoqing , Zheng Xianggao , Li Jianzheng , Chen Chao , Zhu Juntong , Yi Haokun , Dong Xiaoru , Zhao Jun , Shi Lan , Zhang Xiaoxu , Qin Yajie , Gu Zongquan , Li Zhuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlexible capacitive pressure sensors play a crucial role in wearable electronics and robotics. However, their susceptibility to environmental noise poses challenges to sensing precision. To mitigate the impact of environmental influences, a sensor capable of producing signals orders of magnitudes larger than the noise becomes essential. One straightforward method to enhance capacitance values involves reducing the thickness of the dielectric layer. Yet, when this reduction reaches nanometer scale, the dielectric layer may become mechanically vulnerable and more importantly, their charge storage capability is compromised due to electron tunneling. To address these challenges, here the naturally formed alumina (Al2O3) on aluminum (Al) surface is employed as a stable and ultra‐thin dielectric layer. Simultaneously, the Schottky effect at the Al‐Al2O3‐carbon black (CB) interface is harnessed to prevent electron tunneling. These strategies collectively yielded a large unit‐area capacitance (UAC) of 50 nF cm−2 and demonstrated high electrical and environmental stability. Furthermore, hollow hemispherical microstructures are incorporated at the interface, resulting in a flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity (8.6 kPa−1) and a linear response up to 50 kPa. With its simple two‐layer structure, this sensor can be seamlessly integrated in situ and offers commercial‐grade resolution at mN‐level for monitoring human biomechanical signals.
A Giant Stokes Shift in Wide‐Band Red Phosphor [Ca0.33(Sr1‐xBax)0.67]7(SiO3)6Cl2: Eu2+
Authors: Liu Guihong , Wang Yuhua , Seto Takatoshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates a wide‐band emitting red phosphor, an advancement that solves shortcomings including the re‐absorption of the yellow phosphor in the blue light area and a lack of red spectrum components which result in low color rendering and an uneven white light tone. An examination through femtosecond, Raman, and low‐temperature spectroscopy demonstrates why this phosphor has large Stokes shift (SS = 7.5×103 cm−1) and wide half‐peak width with a full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of more than 170 nm. In these samples, it is importantly observed that larger lattice causes smaller electron–phonon coupling of Eu2+ activator, and meanwhile leads to less temperature dependency of emission peak width. The obtained sample, after cation replacement in (Ca1‐xSrx)7(SiO3)6Cl2: Eu2+ (CSSC: Eu2+), exhibits an emission spectrum covers the range from 450 to 800 nm while its excitation range is below 450 nm, in which not reabsorb the blue light. This matches well with blue phosphors that can also be excited by near‐ultraviolet chips. The fabricated white light‐emitting diode (w‐LED) device has an ideal color rendering index and correlated color temperature (Ra = 90.5, CCT = 3894 K), making it an excellent candidate material for white LED illumination.
High‐Entropy Perovskite Oxide Photonic Synapses
Authors: Bai Zhongwei , Luo Bingcheng , Peng Tao , Wang Jianyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy oxides are garnering increased attention due to their unique properties engineered by chemical disorders. Chemical disorders can cause random potential spatial fluctuations and the resulting anomalous photoconductivity, while they have not yet been exploited in high‐entropy oxides for usefulness. In this work, persistent photoconductivity (PPC) behavior in high‐entropy perovskite Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3 thin films is reported and used it as a basis to develop artificial photonic synapses. This photonic synapse can emulate distinctive biological synaptic features such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory, and learning‐forgetting processes. This photonic synapse can also implement the basic “AND” and “OR” logic operations. In addition, a 5×5 photonic synaptic array is built to mimic the spatiotemporal sensing and memory functions of a visual sensing‐memory system, exhibiting the improved accuracy of dynamic machine vision classification tasks as compared to traditional visual sensing systems. This study highlights the potential of high‐entropy oxides for application in neuromorphic computing and dynamic machine vision systems.
Hybrid‐triggered predictive control of cyber‐physical‐systems under cyber‐attacks
Authors: Li Hengqian , Zhan Xisheng , Wu Bo , Wu Jie , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, the hybrid‐triggered predictive control of cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) under cyber‐attacks is researched. Firstly, considering the unpredictable state of the CPSs, an observer‐based model is constructed, and the predictor is put forward to predict state. Secondly, a hybrid‐triggered scheme is adopted to avoid unnecessary‐data transmission by introducing a hybrid switch mode. Thirdly, the deception attacks and DoS attacks are existed in sensor‐to‐observer (S‐O) and observer‐to‐controller (O‐C), separately. Two types of attack modeling are established based on their characteristics. With the proposed control method, some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) of CPSs. Finally, the results of simulation examples are received to testify the advantage of developed control strategy.
O3‐Type Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives
Authors: Li Xinghan , Fan Yameng , Johannessen Bernt , Xu Xun , See Khay Wai , Pang Wei Kong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOver recent decades, rapid advancements in energy technology have transformed human life. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have played a pivotal role nevertheless concerns about limited lithium resources and price fluctuations underscore the need for sustainability. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), operating on principles akin to LIBs, have emerged as promising candidates for rechargeable batteries in the next generation of energy storage systems, primarily due to their cost‐effectiveness and sustainable attributes. Analogous to LIBs, the cathode in SIBs assumes a critical role in dictating the electrochemical performance of the battery. Therefore, the research and development of cathode materials for SIBs take on paramount significance. O3‐type SIB cathodes, inspired by the successful O3‐type LIB cathodes (e. g., LiCoO2 and NMC variants), hold promise for commercial applications. This comprehensive overview offers an in‐depth exploration of various unary‐metal oxide cathode materials characterized by an O3‐layered structure. Subsequently, nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and Ni/Mn‐based O3 cathode materials are conducted a comprehensive study, assessing the effects of element substitution and doping on capacity, phase transitions, and cycle life. In light of the current challenges, advancing SIB cathode materials of future directions will propose, addressing key considerations in the pursuit of enhanced performance and sustainable energy storage solutions.
Li4Zn(PO4)2:Mn2+ thermosensitive phosphor with dual luminescent centres for optical thermometry
Authors: Li Jie , Fu Jie , Lin Jianhua , Chen Yanling , Wen Yinuo , Han Mingxiao , Chen Shuyang , Deng Degang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn optical thermometry strategy based on Mn2+‐doped dual‐wavelength emission phosphor has been reported. Samples with different doping content were synthesized through a high‐temperature solid‐phase method under an air atmosphere. The electronic structure of Li4Zn(PO4)2 was calculated using density functional theory, revealing it to be a direct band gap material with an energy gap of 4.708 eV. Moreover, the emitting bands of Mn2+ at 530 and 640 nm can be simultaneously observed when using 417 nm as the exciting wavelength. This is due to the occupation of Mn2+ at the Zn2+ site and the interstitial site. Further analysis was conducted on the temperature‐dependent emission characteristics of the sample in the range 293–483 K. Mn2+ has different responses to temperature at different doping sites in Li4Zn(PO4)2. Based on the calculations using the fluorescence intensity ratio technique, the maximum relative sensitivity at a temperature of 483 K was determined to be 1.69% K−1, while the absolute sensitivity was found to be 0.12% K−1. The results showed that the Li4Zn(PO4)2:Mn2+ phosphor has potential application in optical thermometry.