bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of filtration and gamma radiation on the accumulation of RANTES and transforming growth factor‐β1 in apheresis platelet concentrates during storage
Authors: Fujihara M. , Ikebuchi K. , Wakamoto S. , Sekiguchi S. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Platelet‐derived biologic response modifiers (BRMs) including RANTES and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 accumulate in platelet components during storage because of platelet activation, and they may play a causative role in nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions. The majority of PCs with high unit values are provided by single donor apheresis in Japan.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RANTES and TGF‐β1 levels in platelet units prepared from single‐donor apheresis platelet concentrates (apheresis PCs) and units from whole blood (buffy coat PCs) were investigated. The effects of prestorage and poststorage filtration and gamma radiation on the levels of RANTES and TGF β1 in the supernatant of apheresis PCs during storage were also examined.RESULTS: The levels of RANTES and TGF‐β1 increased during storage from Day 0 to Day 5. The levels of RANTES and of TGF‐β1correlated with the platelet concentration (p<0.01), but not with the residual white cell concentration in apheresis PCs that were not white cell reduced by filtration (p>0.05). In addition, there was a correlation between RANTES and TGF‐β1 levels (p<0.01). In white cell‐reduced apheresis PCs using negatively charged filters as well as in gamma‐radiated apheresis PCs, the levels of these two BRMs did not differ at any storage time from those of untreated apheresis PCs. Filtration of apheresis PCs with negatively charged filters after 3 days of storage significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of RANTES, but not of TGF‐β1. There was no reduction in the levels of RANTES and TGF‐β1 levels by positively charged filters. The RANTES levels in buffy coat PCs were slightly higher than but not significantly different from those of apheresis PCs during storage, except for the level on Day 1. There were no differences in the TGF‐β1 levels in apheresis and buffy coat PCs during storage.CONCLUSION: Prestorage filtration and gamma radiation had neither preventive effects on the accumulation of RANTES and TGF‐β1 nor adverse effects on platelet activation. Negatively charged filters might be useful for the reducing the levels of RANTES in stored apheresis PCs.
A comparison of the Aplysia lectin anti‐I specificity with human anti‐I and several other I‐detecting lectins
Authors: Gilboa‐Garber N. , Sudakevitz D. , Levene C. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Lectins displaying blood group specificity are important for blood group typing and antigen recognition. Their use in blood banks is especially widespread in situations where there is a shortage of specific antisera. This report describes the efficiency of Aplysia gonad lectin as a reliable reagent for the detection of I antigen, which is common on adult human cells but reduced in fetal, newborn, and rare adult red cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The selective hemagglutinating activity of the Aplysia lectin was compared with that of human anti‐I and several I‐reactive lectins, including two plant lectins, one galactophilic microbial lectin, and bovine spleen galectin.RESULTS: The comparison has revealed that Aplysia gonad lectin, like human anti‐I, strongly agglutinates and adsorbs to adult I‐positive red cells, differentiating between them and fetal or rare I‐negative adult red cells (although with less of a difference). In contrast to the plant and microbial lectins examined, its I‐affinity does not depend on the presence of ABH or P system antigens and it clearly detects higher I antigen expression in Oh red cells. The hemagglutinating activity of Aplysia lectin as that of all the I‐detecting proteins is enhanced at 4°C, but unlike the human anti‐I Aplysia lectin‐induced hemagglutination is stable at room temperature.CONCLUSIONS: The Aplysia lectin is a reliable anti‐I reagent, which strongly agglutinates I‐positive adult human red cells irrespective of their ABH or P system antigens. This lectin is usable at room temperature.
A randomized trial of solvent/detergent‐treated and standard fresh‐frozen plasma in the coagulopathy of liver disease and liver transplantation
Authors: Williamson L.M. , Llewelyn C.A. , Fisher N.C. , Allain J.P. , Bellamy M.C. , Baglin T.P. , Freeman J. , Klinck J.R. , Ala F.A. , Smith N. , Neuberger J. , Wreghitt T.G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Virus inactivation of pooled fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) by the solvent/detergent (SD) method results in a loss of approximately 20 percent of factor VIII. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of SD‐treated plasma in correcting the coagulopathy associated with liver disease and liver transplantation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty‐nine patients with coagulation deficits due to liver disease, who required FFP for invasive procedures or liver transplantation, were randomly assigned to receive either FFP or SD‐treated plasma. Patients were assessed for side effects, correction of coagulopathy over 24 hours, and seroconversion for viral markers 6 to 18 months after treatment.RESULTS: In the liver disease group, equal correction of clotting factors and partial thromboplastin time was seen with FFP and SD‐treated plasma, with a similar return to baseline values over 24 hours. There was greater correction of the International Normalised Ratio in patients receiving SD‐treated plasma (p = 0.037), but this patient group had higher baseline values than recipients of FFP (p = 0.024). Liver transplant patients also showed equivalent correction of coagulopathy with the same dose of FFP and SD‐treated plasma. The use of other blood components during transplantation was identical in the two treatment groups. No seroconversions were seen for HIV or hepatitis B or C virus. One patient who had received FFP seroconverted for human parvovirus B19. Apparent seroconversion for hepatitis A virus seen at 9 to 13 months in four other patients was probably due to detection of passively transferred antibodies, as later testing of these patients gave negative results. Minor side effects were rare in both groups.CONCLUSION: SD‐treated plasma is an efficacious source of coagulation factors for patients with liver disease who are undergoing biopsy or transplantation. Assessment of seroconversion for viral markers in recipients of plasma‐derived products and plasma components should include consideration of the possibility that passively transferred antibodies were detected.
Simultaneous genotyping of human platelet antigens (HPA) 1 through 6 using new sequence‐specific primers for HPA‐5
Authors: Meyer O. , Hildebrandt M. , Schulz B. , Blasczyk R. , Salama A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Polymerase chain reaction using sequence‐specific primers is widely used for genotyping human platelet antigens (HPA). However, the results of HPA‐5 genotyping are still problematic.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: New sequence‐specific primers were designed for HPA‐5 that, together with already published primers, allow simultaneous genotyping of HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐5, and ‐6. The reliability of the described protocol was determined by using reference DNA samples as well as samples from healthy blood donors.RESULTS: All primers produced specific amplification products. The genotype and the previously ascertained phenotype of the tested specimens were in concordance in all cases.CONCLUSION: The described polymerase chain reaction protocol allows rapid, reliable, simultaneous genotyping of HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐5, and ‐6.
Frequency of immediate adverse effects associated with therapeutic apheresis
Authors: McLeod Bruce C. , Sniecinski Irena , Ciavarella David , Owen Helen , Price Thomas H. , Randels M. Joleen , Smith James W. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic apheresis was found to be reasonably safe in prior studies using instruments that are now largely obsolete. The incidence of adverse effects with current instruments and techniques has not been assessed in a large multicenter study.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A survey was conducted in 1995 using a uniform questionnaire that asked about 32 specific events but excluded transient paresthesia and mild vasovagal events. Eighteen centers returned 3429 responses concerning 125 to 500 therapeutic apheresis procedures per center.RESULTS: Two hundred forty‐two adverse events were reported in 163 procedures (4.75% of all procedures; 6.87% of first‐time procedures and 4.28% of repeat procedures). The numbers (incidence) of selected specific events were transfusion reaction, 56 (51 in plasma exchange [PE] with plasma replacement) (1.6%); citrate‐related nausea and/or vomiting, 41 (1.2%); systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg, 34 (1.0%); vasovagal nausea and/or vomiting, 17 (0.5%); pallor and/or diaphoresis, 16 (0.5%); pulse >120, 14 (0.4%); respiratory distress, 9 (0.3%); tetany or seizure, 9 (0.2%); and chills or rigors, 6 (0.2%). Rates for other specific events were <0.1 percent. Vasovagal phenomena were more frequent in procedures done in neurologic patients than in those done in hematology or oncology patients (p = 0.011) or renal or rheumatic patients (p = 0.038). Procedure‐specific rates were red cell exchange, 8 (10.26%) of 78; PE (plasma), 89 (7.81%) of 1140; PE (no plasma), 42 (3.35%) of 1255; leukapheresis, 4 (5.71%) of 70; plateletpheresis, 0 of 18; and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell collection, 11 (1.66%) of 664. Three deaths were reported; all were attributed to primary disease.CONCLUSION: Therapeutic apheresis procedures are relatively safe, with a 4.75‐percent overall incidence of mostly reversible adverse effects. Among the most commonly performed procedures, the risk is higher for blood component exchanges, especially if allogeneic red cell or plasma transfusion occurs, and lower for peripheral blood progenitor cell collection.
IgG titer, subclass, and light‐chain phenotype of pregnancy‐induced HPA‐5b antibodies that cause or do not cause neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kurz Martin C. , Stöckelle Eugen , Eichelberger Beate , Panzer Simon 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The most common pregnancy‐induced platelet‐specific antibody is HPA‐5b. Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia that results from anti‐HPA‐5b may cause severe hemorrhage in only a few infants, but the sequelae for the affected children can be severe. It is therefore essential that infants at risk for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia are identified.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The IgG titer, subclass, and light‐chain composition of pregnancy‐induced anti‐HPA‐5b were determined by the monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of platelet antigens assay. Sera were from 12 mothers, who among them had 16 pregnancies that resulted in an HPA‐5‐mismatched fetus (positive for HPA‐5b). Eight mothers gave birth to an infant with a normal platelet count. Three maternal sera were obtained after delivery of a severely thrombocytopenic infant. Three alloimmunized women were followed repeatedly during the course of a subsequent pregnancy, again with an HPA‐5‐mismatched infant.RESULTS: There was no difference in the antibody titer or its subclass in mothers who had a thrombocytopenic child and the titer or subclass in mothers compared with those who had a child with a normal platelet count. All pregnancy‐induced HPA‐5b antibodies were of a predominant, lambda, light‐chain type. The IgG subclass did not change during pregnancy.CONCLUSION: Neither the antibody titer nor the subclass composition predict the occurrence of thrombocytopenia in a newborn whose mother is alloimmunized against HPA‐5b.
Reactions and platelet increments after transfusion of platelet concentrates in plasma or an additive solution: a prospective, randomized study
Authors: De Wildt‐Eggen J. , Nauta S. , Schrijver J.G. , Van Marwijk Kooy M. , Bins M. , Van Prooijen H.C. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Reactions after platelet transfusions are rather common and frequently are caused by plasma constituents. In recent developments, the preparation and storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) in a platelet additive solution (PAS‐2) have been shown to result in acceptable storage conditions. A major drawback of the use of these PCs is the progressive increase of P‐selectin‐positive platelets during storage. The clinical benefit of transfusions of PCs in PAS‐2 was studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCs prepared from buffy coats were suspended in either plasma or PAS‐2 and stored for up to 5 days. Clinical responses were evaluated in a prospective study in 21 patients treated with intensive chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive prophylactic transfusions of PCs prepared in either plasma or PAS‐2. Reactions and CCIs were recorded after each transfusion.RESULTS: The incidence of reactions in 12 patients given PCs in plasma (n = 192) was 12 percent. Transfusions to 9 patients of PCs in PAS‐2 (n = 132) showed a reduction in the incidence of reactions to 5.3 percent (p<0.05). The average 1‐hour and 20‐hour CCIs after transfusion of PCs in plasma were 20.7 ± 8.5 and 11.5 ± 8.0, respectively. CCIs after transfusion of PCs in PAS‐2 were significantly lower: the average 1‐hour CCI was 17.1 ± 6.6 (p<0.001) and the average 20‐hour CCI was 9.5 ± 7.0 (p<0.05). Storage conditions of PCs were optimal: in each group, average 1‐hour CCIs of both fresh and stored PCs were similar. The 20‐hour CCIs after the transfusion of fresh and stored PCs in PAS‐2 also were similar.CONCLUSION: Transfusion of PCs in PAS‐2 significantly reduces the incidence of reactions. The 1‐hour and 20‐hour CCIs after transfusion of PCs in PAS‐2 were significantly lower than the CCIs after transfusion of PCs in plasma. Because storage conditions of both PCs were found to be optimal, the decrease in CCIs after transfusion of PCs prepared in PAS‐2 may be caused by rapid elimination of a subpopulation of P‐selectin‐positive platelets from the circulation.
Analysis of the Turin Umbilical Cord Blood Bank Registry
Authors: Rendine S. , Curtoni E.S. , Di Celle P. Francia , Berrino M. , Bertola L. , Barbanti M. , Saracco P. , Fazio L. , Gay E. , Dall'Omo A.M. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The polymorphic nature of the HLA system reduces a patient's probability of finding an HLA‐compatible unrelated bone marrow (BM) donor, even though more than 6 million individuals are enrolled in international registries. Recently, umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been successfully employed as a source of HPCs. The use of such cells reduces the risk of GVHD and allows transplants with one or two HLA mismatches. UCB represents an expensive resource: therefore, it is necessary to carefully manage the UCB unit inventory.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The current study analyzed the genetic heterogeneity of HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DR gene frequencies between pools of UCB and unrelated‐donor BM in the Piedmont (an administrative region of Italy). An Italian hematology patient's probability of finding complete or partial matches as a function of donor pool size was determined by considering subsamples randomly selected from the local unrelated BM donors.RESULTS: The HLA gene frequencies in UCB and unrelated‐donor BM pools were not significantly different. The search simulation, based on actual HLA phenotypes, showed that the percentage of Italian patients matched with an HPC unit increases remarkably if 1 or 2 mismatches are accepted, reaching a proportion of 90 percent with an inventory of only about 500 units, while the increment is not so remarkable if the number of UCB units is greater.CONCLUSION: To optimize economic resources and to be internationally competitive, UCB banks should aim to increase the genetic heterogeneity of their units rather than increasing the UCB inventory, acquire efficient quality control systems, and acquire and preserve UCB units with a greater number of nucleated cells.
In vitro studies of the impact of transfusion on the detection of alloantibodies after autoadsorption
Authors: Laine Edward P. , Leger Regina M. , Arndt Patricia A. , Calhoun Loni , Garratty George , Petz Lawrence D. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: In a patient with warm autoantibodies who has recently received a transfusion, it is not recommended to perform adsorptions using autologous RBCs to detect alloantibodies. Although not scientifically documented, this position is based on the theory that transfused RBCs in the patient′s circulation would be capable of adsorbing alloantibodies that may be present. This in vitro study was designed to determine what percentage of transfused RBCs might completely remove alloantibodies in vivo.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Selected D, E, K, Fya, and Jka antibodies were adsorbed with mixtures of antigen‐positive and antigen‐negative RBCs to determine the lowest concentration of antigen‐positive RBCs capable of removing all alloantibody reactivity. The percentage of antigen‐positive RBCs in each mixture was determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Small amounts of antigen‐positive RBCs (2‐6%, as determined by flow cytometry) completely removed anti‐D, ‐E, and ‐Fya reactivity. Reactivity of two examples of anti‐K was removed by 11 percent and 17 percent of K+ RBCs, respectively. Anti‐Jka reactivity was completely removed by 4 to 5 percent Jk(a+) RBCs using a PEG adsorption; the endpoint (>11%) was estimated, but complete adsorption with ZZAP‐treated RBCs was not performed.CONCLUSION: Small amounts of antigen‐positive RBCs are generally capable of removing all alloantibody reactivity. Thus, waiting for 3 months after transfusion before performing autologous adsorptions is a prudent policy.
Detection of microchimerism by PCR is a function of amplification strategy
Authors: Reed William F. , Lee Tzong‐Hae , Trachtenberg Elizabeth , Vinson Margaret , Busch Michael P. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Suitable detection methods are needed to support larger studies of microchimerism and the allogeneic exposures that may be etiologically related to it.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A twotier PCR strategy for microchimerism detection was developed on the basis of the observation that assay sensitivity for the detection of microchimerism depends on the specificity with which primer pairs recognize sequences unique to the minor population. First, specimens are tested to determine the host HLA class II genotype by using a locus‐specific PCR strategy with low sensitivity for microchimerism. Then, a sequence‐specific PCR analysis having high sensitivity for detection of microchimerism is applied to detect and quantitate the minor population. Locus‐specific, group‐specific, and sequence‐specific amplification strategies for the detection of distinct minor WBC populations prepared ex vivo were compared. In addition, 39 clinical samples from patients with known transfusion‐associated microchimerism and 20 umbilical cord blood (CB) specimens containing maternal WBCs were studied.RESULTS: Locus‐specific amplification detected 17 (94%) of 18 cases in which microchimerism was present at 10 percent, but only 1 of 51 cases with microchimerism ≤1 percent. Group‐specific amplification detected all 63 cases with minor populations present at ≥0.10 percent, but only 16 of 21 cases at the 0.01 percent level. Sequence‐specific amplification detected 100 percent of cases down to the 0.01 percent level. When applied to clinical samples, locus‐specific amplification reliably identified the major population but proved insensitive to low‐level minor populations.CONCLUSIONS: For the detection of microchimerism, assay sensitivity is a function of amplification strategy. These results suggest a simple approach to population screening for microchimerism: the background population of WBCs is typed by a locus‐specific method, while minor population(s) can then be sought by using one or several sequence‐specific amplifications.
A new flow cytometric method for simultaneous measurement of residual platelets and RBCs in plasma: validation and application for QC
Authors: Jilma‐Stohlawetz Petra , Marsik Claudia , Horvath Michaela , Siegmeth Heinz , Höcker Paul , Jilma Bernd 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the preparation of FFP in Austria and Germany require the quantification of residual RBCs in plasma. However, currently there is no validated method for enumeration of RBC counts as low as 1 × 109 per L.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A new flow cytometric method was developed for QC, to simultaneously determine if fresh unfrozen plasma contains residual platelets and RBCs. This method uses test tubes (TruCount, Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems) that contain a known number of brightly fluorescent polystyrene beads. Plasma is pipetted into these tubes and mixed with FITC‐labeled anti‐CD41 and PE‐conjugated anti‐glycophorin A MoAbs. Acquisition can be performed on a flow cytometer after an incubation period of 15 minutes.RESULTS: Individual standard curves for platelet counts revealed excellent correlation coefficients (r>0.998). Platelet counts were validated against simultaneous measurements by using a cell counter and a hemocytometer. While the flow cytometric method slightly overestimated platelet counts of >40 × 109 per L by 10 percent, its precision in the critical range was very good—that is, a deviation of platelets ≤1 × 109 per L from target values, which was even better than microscopic enumeration. The limit of sensitivity was <0.5 × 109 per L of platelets. RBC counts were also validated against simultaneous measurements made with a second cell counter. Standard curves for RBC counts also revealed excellent correlation coefficients (r>0.997). The limit of sensitivity was <0.25 × 109 RBCs per L. Platelet counts in plasma obtained by plateletpheresis or plasmapheresis ranged from 3 to 60 × 109 per L. About 25 percent of all plasma samples had platelet counts greater than the allowed upper limit of 25 × 109 per L, while all plasma samples contained fewer RBCs than the upper limit of 6 × 109 per L.CONCLUSION: This newly developed method provides a simple, quick, precise, and easily reproducible tool for simultaneous measurement of residual platelets and RBCs in fresh plasma.
Flow cytometric determination of RBC survival in autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Zeiler Thomas , Müller Jan Tobias , Hasse Christian , Kullmer Johannes , Kretschmer Volker 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: In cases of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA), crossmatch incompatible RBCs are most often used for transfusion. The determination of the in vivo survival of transfused and autologous RBCs in WAIHA is helpful in the assessment of the efficacy of transfusion and other therapeutic interventions.CASE REPORT: A 38‐year‐old man presented with acute WAIHA, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Steroids and IVIG therapy were ineffective, and the patient received RBCs. Because of increasing hemolysis and persisting thrombocytopenia, splenectomy was performed, resulting in partial remission. Further improvement was achieved by immunosuppressive therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS AND RESULTS: Survival of transfused and autologous RBCs was determined, using a flow cytometric method based on the determination of different blood group antigens of patient and donor RBCs. The survival of autologous and transfused RBCs before splenectomy was determined on two consecutive days. The life span of autologous RBCs remained rather stable at 69 and 64 hours on Days 10 and 11, respectively, whereas the life span of transfused RBCs decreased from 186 hours to 25 hours. After splenectomy, the life span of transfused RBCs almost normalized: 43 days at postsplenectomy Day 3 and 87 days at postsplenectomy Day 69.CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry was successfully used to determine changing hemolytic activity during the clinical course of WAIHA. Additionally, the survival of transfused RBCs could be measured, which may be helpful to judge for the compatibility of allogeneic RBCs. Thus, we were able to show the therapeutic inefficacy of steroids and immunoglobulins, and quick improvement after splenectomy.