bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dropout from exercise trials among cancer survivors—An individual patient data meta‐analysis from the POLARIS study
Authors: Western Benedikte , Ivarsson Andreas , Vistad Ingvild , Demmelmaier Ingrid , Aaronson Neil K. , Radcliffe Gillian , van Beurden Marc , Bohus Martin , Courneya Kerry S. , Daley Amanda J. , Galvão Daniel A. , Garrod Rachel , Goedendorp Martine M. , Griffith Kathleen A. , van Harten Wim H. , Hayes Sandi C. , Herrero‐Roman Fernando , Hiensch Anouk E. , Irwin Melinda L. , James Erica , Kenkhuis Marlou‐Floor , Kersten Marie José , Knoop Hans , Lucia Alejandro , May Anne M. , McConnachie Alex , van Mechelen Willem , Mutrie Nanette , Newton Robert U. , Nollet Frans , Oldenburg Hester S. , Plotnikoff Ron , Schmidt Martina E. , Schmitz Katie H. , Schulz Karl‐Heinz , Short Camille E. , Sonke Gabe S. , Steindorf Karen , Stuiver Martijn M. , Taaffe Dennis R. , Thorsen Lene , Velthuis Miranda J. , Wenzel Jennifer , Winters‐Stone Kerri M. , Wiskemann Joachim , Berntsen Sveinung , Buffart Laurien M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors has increased in recent years; however, participants dropping out of the trials are rarely described. The objective of the present study was to assess which combinations of participant and exercise program characteristics were associated with dropout from the exercise arms of RCTs among cancer survivors.MethodsThis study used data collected in the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) study, an international database of RCTs investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors. Thirty‐four exercise trials, with a total of 2467 patients without metastatic disease randomized to an exercise arm were included. Harmonized studies included a pre and a posttest, and participants were classified as dropouts when missing all assessments at the post‐intervention test. Subgroups were identified with a conditional inference tree.ResultsOverall, 9.6% of the participants dropped out. Five subgroups were identified in the conditional inference tree based on four significant associations with dropout. Most dropout was observed for participants with BMI >28.4 kg/m2, performing supervised resistance or unsupervised mixed exercise (19.8% dropout) or had low‐medium education and performed aerobic or supervised mixed exercise (13.5%). The lowest dropout was found for participants with BMI >28.4 kg/m2 and high education performing aerobic or supervised mixed exercise (5.1%), and participants with BMI ≤28.4 kg/m2 exercising during (5.2%) or post (9.5%) treatment.ConclusionsThere are several systematic differences between cancer survivors completing and dropping out from exercise trials, possibly affecting the external validity of exercise effects.
The gender citation gap: Approaches, explanations, and implications
Authors: Wu Cary 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDo women face a disadvantage in terms of citation rates, and if so, in what ways? This article provides a comprehensive overview of existing research on the relationship between gender and citations. Three distinct approaches are identified: (1) per‐article approach that compares gender differences in citations between articles authored by men and women, (2) per‐author approach that compares the aggregate citation records of men and women scholars over a specified period or at the career level, and (3) reference‐ratio approach that assesses the gender distribution of references in articles written by men and women. I show that articles written by women receive comparable or even higher rates of citations than articles written by men. However, women tend to accumulate fewer citations over time and at the career level. Contrary to the notion that women are cited less per article due to gender‐based bias in research evaluation or citing behaviors, this study suggests that the primary reason for the lower citation rates at the author level is women publishing fewer articles over their careers. Understanding and addressing the gender citation gap at the author level should therefore focus on women's lower research productivity over time and the contributing factors. To conclude, I discuss the potential detrimental impact of lower citations on women's career progression and the ways to address the issue to mitigate gender inequalities in science.
Adapting moving‐window metrics to vector datasets for the characterization and comparison of simulated urban scenarios
Authors: Molinero‐Parejo Ramón , Aguilera‐Benavente Francisco , Gómez‐Delgado Montserrat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDescriptive scenarios about the possible evolution of land use in our cities are essential instruments in urban planning. Although the simulation of these scenarios has enormous potential, further characterization is needed in order to be able to evaluate and compare them so as to provide more effective support for public policy. One of the most commonly used tools for assessing these scenarios is spatial moving‐window metrics, a useful mechanism for extracting accurate information from simulated land‐use maps on urban diversity and urban growth patterns. This article seeks to explore this question further and has two main aims. First, to develop and implement vSHEI and vLEI, two multiscale composition and configuration vector moving‐window metrics for calculating urban diversity and urban growth patterns. Second, to test these metrics using the spatially explicit simulation of three prospective scenarios in the Henares Corridor (Spain), comparing the results and analyzing how well the scenario narratives match their spatial configuration, as measured using vSHEI and vLEI. Via the implementation of vSHEI and vLEI, we obtained urban diversity and urban expansion values at a local level, offering more precise and more realistic, mappable information on the composition and configuration of urban land use than that provided by raster metrics or by vector Patch‐Matrix model metrics. We also used these metrics to test whether the simulated scenarios matched their description in the narrative storylines. Our results demonstrate the potential of vector moving‐window metrics for characterizing the urban patterns that might develop under different scenarios at the parcel level.
CT features of cutaneous and subcutaneous canine mast cell tumors and utility of conventional and indirect lymphography to detect clinically unknown mast cell tumors and to map the sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Gianni Beatrice , Franchi Roberta , Mattolini Mirko , Contiero Barbara , Carozzi Gregorio , Nappi Luigia , Cammarota Rocchina , Caleri Elvanessa , Rossi Federica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComputed tomography is frequently used to stage canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). The aims of this prospective, observational study were to describe the CT features of MCTs, to evaluate the performance of CT in detecting additional or incidental MCTs, to distinguish between cutaneous (cMCT) or subcutaneous (scMCT) MCTs, and to identify one or multiple sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) by indirect CT lymphography (ICTL). Seventy‐two dogs affected by 111 MCTs were included. The recorded parameters were: shape, size, attenuation (Hounsfield units [HU]), location (cutaneous or subcutaneous), and presence of fat stranding. The SLNs were compared with the regional lymph nodes and supplementary MCTs were registered. Mast cell tumors mostly appeared with well‐defined margins (89%), round/oval shape (71%), homogeneous enhancement (90%) with a mean postcontrast density of 62.0 ± 23.4 HU and associated with fat stranding (43%). Cutaneous mast cell tumors were more frequently round (P = .003), whereas scMCTs were oval (P = .011) with a larger mean maximal diameter (2.91 ± 1.57 cm vs 1.46 ± 1.28 cm, P = .002) and more feeding vessels (77% vs 39% P = .044). Compared with histopathology, CT accuracy in differentiating cMCTs and sMCTs was 57%, with an interobserver agreement of 88% (three reviewers). Indirect CT lymphography showed the SLN in 82 of 85 (97%) cases, 32% of them not corresponding to the regional node. CT showed additional or incidental MCTs in 23 of 72 (32%) dogs. In conclusion, the common CT appearance of canine cMCTs and scMCTs is reported with some statistical differences between the two categories. CT is useful in identifying clinically undetected MCTs and SLNs, although it shows low accuracy in distinguishing between cMCT and scMCT.
Facilitators and barriers to implementation of telemedicine in nursing homes: A qualitative systematic review and meta‐aggregation
Authors: Chua Min , Lau Xue Kee , Ignacio Jeanette 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTelemedicine is an effective way to provide nursing home residents ease of access to consultations with healthcare professionals. It is safe, effective, and time‐ and cost‐efficient, and can be used when there are movement restrictions, such as during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This literature focuses only on healthcare professionals' experiences and perspectives on the use of telemedicine in long‐term care facilities.ObjectivesThis review concentrated on telemedicine programs that did not involve remote monitoring. It aimed to comprehensively appraise existing literature examining the facilitators and barriers in implementing telemedicine services in nursing homes.MethodsA systematic qualitative review was conducted with content analysis. Database searching was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and CINAHL. Hand searching for gray literature and reference lists of included papers was also performed. Qualitative studies or mixed‐method studies with a qualitative analysis addressing implementation of telemedicine in any long‐term care facilities were included. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The data were extracted and cross‐checked between two reviewers. A third reviewer was consulted for any disagreements. Meta‐aggregation was used to synthesize the results.ResultsEighty‐one findings were extracted, which informed 16 categories and 13 synthesized findings. The synthesized findings were related to the innovation domain, infrastructure, work processes, individuals, and implementation processes.Linking Evidence to ActionThis review highlighted factors that affect the successful implementation of a telemedicine service in nursing homes. These findings provide evidence to support the future utilization of this service in the nursing home setting. Further research should explore the best approach to address these barriers and facilitators.
Is primary trabeculectomy cost-effective for patients with advanced primary open angle glaucoma? Results from the Treatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study economic model
Authors: Shabaninejad Hosein , Homer Tara , Kernohan Ashleigh , King Anthony J , Burr Jennifer , Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Vale Luke 
Published: February 2024

Background/aimsAdvanced primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a lifelong condition. The aim of this study is to compare medical treatment against trabeculectomy for patients presenting with advanced POAG using an economic evaluation decision model.MethodsA Markov model was used to compare the two treatments, medical treatment versus trabeculectomy for the management of advanced POAG, in terms of costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The uncertainty surrounding the model findings was assessed using probabilistic sensitivity analysis and deterministic analysis. Data for the model came from Treatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study supplemented with data from the literature. The main outcomes of the model presented in terms of Incremental costs and QALYs based on responses to the EQ-5D-5L, Health Utilities Index-3 and a Glaucoma Utility Index.ResultsIn the base-case analysis (lifetime horizon and EQ-5D-5L measure), participants receiving trabeculectomy had on average, an additional cost of £2687, an additional 0.28 QALYs and an incremental cost per QALY of £9679 compared with medical treatment. There was a 73% likelihood of trabeculectomy being considered cost-effective when society was willing to pay £20 000 for a QALY. Over shorter time horizons, the incremental cost per QALY gained from trabeculectomy compared with medical treatment was higher (47 663) for a 2-year time horizon. Our results are robust to changes in the key assumptions and input parameters values.ConclusionIn patients presenting with advanced POAG, trabeculectomy has a higher probability of being cost-effective over a patient’s lifetime compared with medical treatment.
Representations of an Ebola ‘outbreak’ through Story Technologies
Authors: Frankfurter Raphael , Malik Maya , Kpakiwa Sahr David , McGinnis Timothy , Malik Momin M , Chitre Smit , Barrie Mohamed Bailor , Dibba Yusupha , Mulalu Lulwama , Baldwinson Raquel , Fallah Mosoka , Rashid Ismail , Kelly J Daniel , Richardson Eugene T 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundAttempts to understand biosocial phenomena using scientific methods are often presented as value-neutral and objective; however, when used to reduce the complexity of open systems such as epidemics, these forms of inquiry necessarily entail normative considerations and are therefore fashioned by political worldviews (ideologies). From the standpoint of poststructural theory, the character of these representations is at most limited and partial. In addition, these modes of representation (asstories) do work (astechnologies) in the service of, or in resistance to, power.MethodsWe focus on a single Ebola case cluster from the 2013–2016 outbreak in West Africa and examine how different disciplinary forms of knowledge production (including outbreak forecasting, active epidemiological surveillance, post-outbreak serosurveys, political economic analyses, and ethnography) function asStory Technologies. We then explore how these technologies are used to curate ‘data,’ analysing the erasures, values, and imperatives evoked by each.ResultsWe call attention to the instrumental—in addition to the descriptive—role Story Technologies play in ordering contingencies and establishing relationships in the wake of health crises.DiscussionBy connecting each type of knowledge production with the systems of power it reinforces or disrupts, we illustrate how Story Technologies do ideological work. These findings encourage research from pluriversal perspectives and advocacy for measures that promote more inclusive modes of knowledge production.
Inflammatory markers and functional outcome score in different subgroups of ischaemic stroke: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fakhari Mohammad Sadegh , Poorsaadat Leila , Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Ebrahimi-Monfared Mohsen 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundAcute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Determining subgroups and outcomes of AIS may lead to better treatment. We aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and subgroups of AIS with further follow-up of patients in terms of functional outcome score.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we examined white cell count (WCC), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and qualitative C reactive protein (CRP), in the first 24 hours of patients’ admission. Patients were assigned to AIS subgroups as defined by the TOAST criteria. Then patients’ disability score was followed up after 3 and 6 months, using the modified Rankin Scale.ResultsWe included 217 patients with AIS. The mean age of participants was 72.07 years, and we included 92 women (42.4%). For the AIS subgroup, 83 (38.25%) patients had large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), 41 (18.89%) had cardioembolism and 62 (28.57) had small vessel obstruction. Neutrophil count and NLR showed a statistically significant difference in the subgroups of AIS and were highest in the ‘other’ subgroup of AIS (p<0.05). Lymphocyte count, ESR and qualitative CRP showed no statistically significant difference between subgroups (p>0.05). WCC, neutrophil count and NLR showed a positive correlation with functional outcomes (p<0.05), other markers did not correlate with outcomes (pp>0.05).ConclusionWe can conclude that neutrophil count and NLR are available inflammatory biomarkers for predicting outcomes and these two biomarkers are associated with AIS subgroups. However, ESR, qualitative CRP and lymphocyte count do not appear to be correlated with outcomes or subgroup of AIS.
Insulin resistance prior to term age in very low birthweight infants: a prospective study
Authors: Zamir Itay , Stoltz Sjöström Elisabeth , van den Berg Johannes , Naumburg Estelle , Domellöf Magnus 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the glucose-related hormone profile of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants and assess the association between neonatal hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance during the admission period.DesignA prospective observational study—the Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Glucose and Hormonal Profiles over Time study.SettingA tertiary neonatal intensive care unit and four neonatal units in county hospitals in Sweden.Patients48 infants born <1500 g (VLBW) during 2016–2019.Outcome measuresPlasma concentrations of glucose-related hormones and proteins (C-peptide, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon, leptin, resistin and proinsulin), insulin:C-peptide and proinsulin:insulin ratios, Homoeostatic Model Assessment 2 (HOMA2) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check (QUICKI) indices, measured on day of life (DOL) 7 and at postmenstrual age 36 weeks.ResultsLower gestational age was significantly associated with higher glucose, C-peptide, insulin, proinsulin, leptin, ghrelin, resistin and GLP-1 concentrations, increased HOMA2 index, and decreased QUICKI index and proinsulin:insulin ratio. Hyperglycaemic infants had significantly higher glucose, C-peptide, insulin, leptin and proinsulin concentrations, and lower QUICKI index, than normoglycaemic infants. Higher glucose and proinsulin concentrations and insulin:C-peptide ratio, and lower QUICKI index on DOL 7 were significantly associated with longer duration of hyperglycaemia during the admission period.ConclusionsVLBW infants seem to have a hormone profile consistent with insulin resistance. Lower gestational age and hyperglycaemia are associated with higher concentrations of insulin resistance markers.
Preconception health risk factors documented in general practice electronic medical records
Authors: Withanage Nishadi Nethmini , Botfield Jessica R , Black Kirsten , Mazza Danielle 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundDocumenting medical and lifestyle preconception health risk factors in electronic medical records (EMRs) could assist general practitioners (GPs) to identify those reproductive-aged women who could most benefit from preconception care (PCC). However, it is unclear to what extent PCC risk factors are identifiable in general practice records. This study aimed to determine the extent to which medical and lifestyle preconception health risk factors are documented in general practice EMRs.MethodsWe conducted an audit of the documentation of medical and lifestyle preconception risk factors in 10 general practice EMRs in Melbourne, Australia. We retrospectively analysed the EMRs of 100 consecutive women aged 18–44 years who visited each practice between January and September 2022. Using a template informed by PCC guidelines, we extracted data from structured fields in the EMR and conducted a descriptive analysis.ResultsAmong the data extracted, the more commonly documented medical and lifestyle preconception health risk factors in the EMRs included smoking (79%), blood pressure (74%), alcohol consumption (63%) and body mass index (57%). Among the women audited, 14% were smokers, 24% were obese, 7% had high blood pressure, 5% had diabetes, 28% had a mental health condition, 13% had asthma, 6% had thyroid disease and 17% had been prescribed and could be using a potentially teratogenic medication.ConclusionsBetter documentation of medical and lifestyle preconception health risk factors in structured fields in EMRs may potentially assist primary care providers including GPs in identifying and providing PCC to women who could most benefit from it.
Seeking support for abortion online: a qualitative study of women’s experiences
Authors: Wilson-Lowe Rachel Victoria , Purcell Carrie , Lewis Ruth , McDaid Lisa 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionSocial support can mitigate the impact of stress and stigma before or after an abortion. However, stigma anticipation can limit access to in-person support. Informal online spaces can offer opportunities to address unmet support needs including supplementing in-person support lacking within stigmatised contexts. While earlier studies have explored content of posts comprising personal accounts of abortion, little is known about the nuances of how and to what end online spaces are navigated.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted remotely (online or by telephone) with 23 women living in Scotland (aged 20–54 years) recruited through social media and online advertisements. Reflexive thematic analysis was supported by NVivo12 software.ResultsKey themes: obtaining support that was unavailable from in-person networks; preparation for abortion; reducing feelings of isolation. The majority of participants independently searched online for accounts of abortion, with only three receiving any signposting to specific resources. Without guidance, finding relevant, supportive content was not straightforward. The search process was additionally complicated by the prevalence of abortion stigma online, which generated an additional burden at a potentially challenging time. Those who received direction towards particular resources reported primarily positive online experiences.ConclusionsWhile online content could address perceived in-person support gaps, the process of finding supportive content without guidance can be complex. Online searching may also expose women to stigmatising material and interactions. Signposting by abortion services towards well-moderated and trustworthy online resources could be constructive in limiting exposure to stigma and misinformation, while allowing those seeking it to access better support.