bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wittgenstein on Proof and Concept-Formation
Authors: Bangu Sorin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In his Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, Wittgenstein claims, puzzlingly, that ‘the proof creates a new concept’ (RFM III-41). This paper aims to contribute to clarifying this idea, and to showing how it marks a major break with the traditional conception of proof. Moreover, since the most natural way to understand his claim is open to criticism, a secondary goal of what follows is to offer an interpretation of it that neutralizes the objection. The discussion proceeds by analysing a well-known geometrical proof.
Long-term Results of Developmental Hip Dysplasia Under Therapy With Pavlik Harness
Authors: Gahleitner Manuel , Pisecky Lorenz , Gotterbarm Tobias , Högler Wolfgang , Luger Matthias , Klotz Matthias C. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
The Pavlik harness is a commonly used treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) of types IIc or worse, based on the Graf classification. This study aimed to assess the long-term follow-up outcomes after treating DDH with the Pavlik harness.

Methods:
Between 1995 and 2006, ultrasound screening was conducted on 7372 newborns within the first days of life. Among them, 203 dysplastic hips in 152 patients, whose sonograms were Graf type IIc or worse, were treated with Pavlik harness. Treatment was discontinued if the measurement indicated Graf type Ia/b. More than 20 years later (mean: 20.46 y), patients were invited for clinical evaluation (Oxford Hips Score, Schulthess Hip Score, Harris Hip Score) and radiologic examination (center-edge angle according to Wiberg and the Severis classification, the rate of roofing of the femoral head via the Reimers migration percentage, and the Sharp angle).

Results:
Of the 152 patients, 60 (39.5%) participants with 80 (39.4%) affected hips (57.7% type IIc, 7.9% type D, and 15.6% type IIIa/b) were reexamined. The average follow-up duration was 20.5 years, with a maximum of 25.9 years. According to the Severin’s classification, only 2 (3.77%) patients, each with one affected hip, showed slight residual dysplasia. The Reimer’s migration percentage indicated an average of almost 90% canopy cover in the patient collective studied. No avascular necrosis was found, and the Sharp angle showed an average of almost 38 degrees. Only 4 participants with each one affected hip showed residual dysplasia according to the Sharp angle. The clinical results were quite satisfying, as none of the patients experienced hip pain that significantly limited their everyday activities or sports engagement, requiring medical attention before this study.
Conclusions:
Conservative therapy of DDH (Graf type IIc, D, III) with the Pavlik harness has demonstrated very good therapeutic success and a very low rate of residual dysplasia (2.81%). Both the radiologic and clinical outcomes were highly satisfactory.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Hip Displacement in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Influences of Genetic Severity, Functional Level, and Disease-modifying Treatments
Authors: Ulusaloglu Armagan C. , Asma Ali , Shrader M. Wade , Scavina Mena T. , Mackenzie William G. , Erb Amanda , Howard Jason J. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Hip displacement (HD) is common in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), but neither genetic severity nor gross motor function level have been investigated as risk factors. Although disease-modifying agents (DMA) have improved function and overall health, their effects on the prevention of HD are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for HD development in SMA.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort. Children with SMA presenting between January 2005 and August 2021, at least 1 hip radiograph, and a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of HD (migration percentage ≥40%). Secondary outcomes included SMA type (I/II/III), survival motor neuron 2 copy number, Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (HFMS, out of 66), ambulatory status (Functional Mobility Scale at 50 m), clinically relevant scoliosis (>40 degrees and/or surgery), and DMA treatment (>1-year duration, nusinersen/risdiplam/onasemnogene abeparvovec) as risk factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results:
Eighty-two patients (52% female) with SMA type I (n=32, 39%), II (n=36, 44%), and III (n=14, 17%) met the inclusion criteria, with a final follow-up of 4.5 (SD: 2.7) years. Age at first hip radiograph was 3.4 (SD: 2.9) years. The prevalence of HD was 75.6%, with a mean age of onset of 4.6 (SD: 2.7) years. When stratified by SMA type, the prevalence/age of onset (mean, years) was 84%/3.1 (SD: 1.7), 80%/5.8 (SD: 2.3), and 36%/9.0 (SD: 4.3), respectively. HFMS score >23 was protective against HD by receiver operating characteristic analysis (P=0.008). Significant risk factors by univariate analysis were SMA type I (P=0.002) and II (P=0.002), HFMS ≤23 (P=0.01), nonambulatory status (Functional Mobility Scale at 50 m = 1, P=0.001), clinically relevant scoliosis (P=0.01), and DMA treatment (P=0.01). By multivariate analysis, only SMA type II (P=0.04) and scoliosis (P=0.04) were independent risk factors.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of HD in SMA is highly linked to disease severity. Identified risk factors can be used in the development of surveillance programs for early detection of HD in SMA, allowing for timely management.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Pathogen Profiles of Infectious Conjunctivitis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Huy , Hoang Linh , Tran Yen , Hạ Thảo , Ruder Kevin , Zhong Lina , Chen Cindi , Yu Danny , Liu YuHeng , Abraham Thomas , Hinterwirth Armin , Deiner Michael , Porco Travis , Lietman Thomas M. , Seitzman Gerami D. , Doan Thuy ,   on behalf of the SCORPIO (Seasonal Conjunctivitis Outbreak Reporting for Prevention and Improved Outcomes) Study Group
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Conjunctivitis epidemics and pandemics remain a global burden. This study aims to comprehensively identify pathogens associated with conjunctivitis in Vietnam.

Methods:
Patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis who presented to an outpatient clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, were enrolled from September 2022 to March 2023. Swabs were obtained from conjunctiva and anterior nares of all patients. Unbiased RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify any replicating pathogens in the samples.

Results:
Samples from 35 patients were analyzed. A pathogen was identified in 80% of the patients. In total, 72% (95% confidence interval: 54%–85%) were infected with either human adenovirus (HAdV)-D or HAdV-B. RNA viruses detected were rhinoviruses and human coronavirus 229E. Bacteria etiologies included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenza, and Pseudomonas spp. One patient had coinfection of rhinovirus A and HAdV-B. Vittaforma corneae, a fungus, was identified in one patient. Corneal subepithelial infiltrates, pseudomembranes, or preauricular lymphadenopathy were not reported in any patient.

Conclusions:
Human adenoviruses are the common circulating pathogens associated with infectious conjunctivitis in Vietnam. HAdV species, however, seem to vary between geographic locations within Vietnam. Other underrecognized pathogens identified in this study, such as RNA viruses, suggest that broader pathogen surveillance may be beneficial.
Recent data on the role of antiretroviral therapy in weight gain and obesity in persons living with HIV
Authors: Capeau Jacqueline , Lagathu Claire , Béréziat Véronique 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has long been implicated in fat alterations and weight variations leading to cardiometabolic consequences. Recent largely prescribed antiretrovirals (ARVs) from the integrase-strand-transfer-inhibitor (INSTI) class have been associated with excessive weight gain/obesity in a minority of persons with HIV (PWH). As well, in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) class, tenofovir-alafenamide (TAF), often replacing tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (TDF), has been associated with weight gain, a worrying concern in the present worldwide obesogenic environment. The respective role of the different ARV, the risk factors and the mechanisms remain questionable.

Recent findings
The INSTIs dolutegravir (DTG) and bictegravir (BIC) and TAF have a proper effect on weight gain, while efavirenz (EFV) and TDF inhibit it. These effects are reported in ART-naïve PWH, in addition to weight gain resulting from the return to health process, and in ART-controlled PWH. Also, INSTIs induce weight gain in adolescents and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. The effects of INSTIs and TAF are additive. Their trajectory differs. Most of the weight gain is observed during the initial 12-month period.
The main risk factors are low CD4+ and high viral load (VL) in ART-naïve PWH, Black race or originating from some African countries and female gender. The role of age and BMI differs between studies. The reversibility of the effect of INSTI and TAF appears limited.
Regarding the mechanisms, the INSTIs can directly alter adipose tissue in particular through inhibition of fat beiging, resulting in fat fibrosis and hypertrophy. Macrophage infiltration is decreased. The mechanisms explaining the opposite effects of TDF and TAF remain elusive.

Summary
The specific impact of DTG, BIC and TAF on weight gain/obesity in PWH is confirmed in different populations independently of the weight limiting effect of EFV and TDF. ART-linked excessive weight gain is uncommon. African origin and female sex are risk factors that need to be considered. The mechanisms are better understood for INSTIs but unknown for TDF/TAF. The reversibility of weight gain/obesity when stopping INSTI or TAF remains limited.
A Quality Improvement Project to Improve the Utilization of an Intraoperative Rapid Response System
Authors: Rama Asheen , Qian Daniel , Forbes Ty , Wang Ellen , Knight Lynda , Berg Marc , Caruso Thomas J. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Rapid response teams (RRTs) improve morbidity by reducing the incidence of cardiac arrests. Although providers commonly activate RRTs on acute care wards, they are infrequently used perioperatively. At our institution, two intraoperative calls for help exist: staff assists (SAs) and code blues (CBs). The SA functions analogously to an RRT, and the CB indicates cardiopulmonary arrest. Given the success of RRTs, this project aimed to increase the use of the SA system. Our primary goal was to increase the ratio of SA to CB alerts by 50% within 6 months.

Methods:
A quality improvement team led this project at an academic pediatric hospital in Northern California. The team analyzed the current state and identified an achievable goal. After developing key drivers, they implemented monthly simulations to teach providers the signs of clinical deterioration and to practice activating the SA system. In addition to measuring the ratio of SA to CB alerts, the team surveyed the etiologies of SA and measured process satisfaction.

Results:
Before the introduction of this initiative, the ratio of SA to CB alerts were 1:13.3. These improvements efforts led to an increase of SA to CB alerts to 1.5:1 (P = 0.0003). Twenty-three anesthesiologists provided etiologies for SA, reporting laryngospasm as the most common reason (30.4%). Nineteen nurses completed the SA survey and reported high satisfaction.

Conclusion:
This project successfully increased the utilization of a rapid response protocol in a pediatric perioperative setting using improvement methodologies and a simulation-based educational program.
Evaluating Both Partner and Patient Satisfaction With Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Cimaroli Sawyer , Bichanich Miles , Adamson Karri , LoGiudice John , Doren Erin 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Few studies have looked in-depth at the relationship between patient and partner satisfaction with postmastectomy breast reconstruction. The studies that do exist suggest that perceived partner satisfaction is an important predictor of patient satisfaction in postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

Methods
We created a novel survey designed to look at reconstruction outcomes from a partner's perspective. Patients with a history of mastectomy-alone or mastectomy with reconstruction at our institution from January 2011 through December 2020 were contacted electronically to complete a demographic form and the BREAST-Q, while partners completed our novel partner survey. Sixteen mastectomy-only and 76 mastectomy with reconstruction couples completed surveys.

Results
The mean Breast-Q and partner survey scores were 87 and 87 (maximum possible = 100), respectively, for mastectomy with reconstruction. There was a correlation of 0.57 between patient and partner overall satisfaction. There was no difference in overall satisfaction between patients who underwent reconstruction and those who did not (P = 0.19). There was a relationship between satisfaction with preoperative counseling and overall satisfaction in both patients and partners. The partner survey was found to have high internal consistency for measuring various areas of partner satisfaction.

Conclusions
There is a relationship between patient and partner satisfaction with postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Our data may support the positive impact of social support on recovery after breast cancer treatment, as satisfaction was high in both groups. We therefore encourage partners to attend and participate in preoperative consultations. Finally, our novel partner survey is a reliable tool to assess partner satisfaction with postmastectomy breast reconstruction.
Multiple systemic infections caused by Rhodococcus equi: case report
Authors: Li Ning , Wu Changsheng , Cao Pengju , Chen Dongjie , Chen Falin , shen Xiuqing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Rhodococcus equi is one of the most important causes of zoonotic infections from grazing animals. It poses a particular risk to immunocompromised individuals, including those who are undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
Case presentation: We report a case of Rhodococcus equi infection in a 65-year-old man with a medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and Adult Still's Disease, currently taking long-term hormone therapy. The non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient had blood, lung tissue, and sputum samples infected with Rhodococcus equi. His condition initially failed to improve despite multiple therapies, including vancomycin and meropenem. Although his symptoms improved after shifting his antibiotics to cover for the causative agent, he did not completely recover upon hospital discharge.
Conclusions: In recent years, the number of Rhodococcus equi cases has increased. This report describes a lethal case of Rhodococcus equi infection in a patient without HIV.
Maize mutants in miR394-regulated genes show improved drought tolerance
Authors: Miskevish Franco , Lodeyro Anabella , Ponso María Agustina , Bouzo Carlos , Meeley Robert , Timmermans Marja C. , Dotto Marcela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater limitation represents one of the major threats to agricultural production, which often leads to drought stress and results in compromised growth, development and yield of crop species. Drought tolerance has been intensively studied in search for potential targets for molecular approaches to crop improvement. However, drought adaptive traits are complex and our understanding of the physiological and genetic basis of drought tolerance is still incomplete. The miR394-LCR pathway is a conserved regulatory module shown to participate in several aspects of plant growth and development, including stress response. Here we characterized the miR394 pathway in maize, which harbors two genetic loci producing an evolutionarily conserved mature zma-miR394 targeting two transcripts coding for F-Box proteins, named hereby ZmLCR1 and ZmLCR2. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing zma-MIR394B gene showed high tolerance to drought conditions, compared to control plants. Moreover, analysis of growth and development of single and double maize mutant plants in ZmLCR genes indicate that these mutations do not affect plant fitness when they grow in normal watering conditions, but mutants showed better survival than wild type plants under water deprivation conditions. This increased drought tolerance is based on a more efficient intrinsic water use, changes in root architecture and increased epicuticular wax content under water limiting conditions. Our results indicate that the miR394-regulated ZmLCR genes are involved in drought stress tolerance and are remarkable candidates for maize crop improvement.
Dendritic cell-derived lncRNA in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Zhenglong , Changhao KE , Chen Yuheng , Zhao Yongchao , He Yuanjie , Liang Xiao , Tu Qingxian , Xu Min , Guo Fujia , Ge Junbo , Shi Bei 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundLong non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in the occurrence and development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the role and mechanism of DC-derived lncRNA in patients with ACS still remains understudied.ObjectiveTo investigate the expression difference and role of lncRNA in monocyte-derived DC(moDC) in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods and ResultsThe subjects were divided into 4 groups: (1) healthy control group (CON), (2) unstable angina group (UA), (3) non-ST elevation myocardial infarction group (NSEMI or NST) and (4) ST elevation myocardial infarction group (STEMI or ST). Peripheral blood was extracted and isolated to obtain mononuclear cells (PBMC). After induction into moDC, morphology was observed by electron microscope and identified by flow cytometry (FCM) (CD80, CD86, CD11c, CD14, HLA-DR), and morphological and functional differences were compared. The differentially expressed lncRNA were screened by gene sequencing, and the biological functions of which were predicted by GO and KEGG and the correlation between candidate lncRNA and target genes was analyzed. The expression levels of markers, signaling pathways, inflammatory factors and target gene were performed by FCM, RT-PCR, WB and ELISA after the candidate lncRNA were over-expressed or silenced. Electron microscope showed that the cells were suspended cells of dendritic pseudopodia. FCM showed that the expression levels of DC markers CD11c (99.02±0.12%) and HLA-DR (99.32±0.08%) were high, while the expression levels of CD80 (24.27±0.99%) and CD86 (32.38±0.59%) were low. The number of differentially expressed lncRNA screened by gene sequencing was as follows: CON vs UA, 3; CON vs. NST, 49; CON vs ST, 35; UA vs. NST, 115; UA vs ST, 113; ST vs NST, 4. The results of FCM, RT-PCR, WB and ELISA showed that the expression levels of markers (CD80, CD86, HLA-DR), signaling pathways (p-PI3K, p-AKT), inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-12p70) and target gene (CCL14) were increased after over-expression of CCL15-CCL14; On the contrary, its expression level was decreased.ConclusionsThere are differences in moDC morphology and function and lncRNA expression in different types of ACS patients, and the differentially expressed lncRNA (CCL15-CCL14) regulates the function of moDC.
Geometric-relationship specific transfer in visual perceptual learning
Authors: Tan Qingleng , Sasaki Yuka , Watanabe Takeo 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTVisual perceptual learning (VPL) is defined as long-term improvement on a visual task as a result of visual experience. In many cases, the improvement is highly specific to the location where the target is presented, which refers to location specificity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a geometrical relationship between the trained location and an untrained location on transfer of VPL. We found that significant transfer occurs either diagonally or along a line passing the fixation point. This indicates that whether location specificity or location transfer occurs at least partially depends on the geometrical relationship between trained location and an untrained location.
Cortical F-actin filament organization corrals E-cadherin/HMR-1 during cytokinetic furrow ingression inC. elegansembryos
Authors: Mondal Debodyuti , Rai Megha , Padmanabhan Anup 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYIn metazoan cells, the delicate equilibrium between proliferative cell division and inter-cellular adhesion is crucial for achieving growth while maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis. The transmembrane adhesion receptor, E-cadherin, not only facilitates cell-cell adhesion but modulates cytokinesis by impeding cortical F-actin flow and inhibiting actomyosin contractility. In theC. eleganszygote, newly established cell-cell interfaces following cytokinesis lack E-cadherin/HMR-1 (Padmanabhan et al., 2017b). The mechanisms responsible for the spatial exclusion of HMR-1, however remain elusive. Here, we show that HMR-1 is actively prevented from entering the cytokinetic furrow zone during early embryonic divisions inC. elegans. The compact alignment of unbranched F-actin filaments polymerized by the formin/CYK-1 restricts HMR-1 from entering the ingressing furrow. This corralling phenomenon depends on the physical association between HMR-1 and F-actin mediated via the β- and α- catenins, HMP-2 and HMP-1, respectively. Our findings reveal a previously unknown reciprocal regulatory relationship between cell adhesion and cell division machineries, ensuring the precise orchestration of the cytokinesis during embryonic development.
Uncovering Minimal Pathways in Melanoma Initiation
Authors: Xiao Hui , Shiu Jessica , Chen Chi-Fen , Wu Jie , Zhou Peijie , Telang Sahil S. , Ruiz-Vega Rolando , Nie Qing , Lander Arthur D. , Ganesan Anand K. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTCutaneous melanomas are clinically and histologically heterogeneous. Most display activating mutations inBraforNrasand complete loss of function of one or more tumor suppressor genes. Mouse models that replicate such mutations produce fast-growing, pigmented tumors. However, mice that combineBrafactivation with only heterozygous loss ofPtenalso produce tumors and, as we show here, in an Albino background this occurs even withBrafactivation alone. Such tumors arise rarely, grow slowly, and express low levels of pigmentation genes. The timing of their appearance was consistent with a single step stochastic event, but no evidence could be found that it requiredde novomutation, suggesting instead the involvement of an epigenetic transition. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed such tumors to be heterogeneous, including a minor cell type we term LNM (Low-pigment,Neural- and extracellularMatrix-signature) that displays gene expression resembling “neural crest”-like cell subsets detected in the fast-growing tumors of more heavily-mutated mice, as well as in human biopsy and xenograft samples. We provide evidence that LNM cells pre-exist in normal skin, are expanded byBrafactivation, can transition into malignant cells, and persist with malignant cells through multiple rounds of transplantation. We discuss the possibility that LNM cells not only serve as a pre-malignant state in the production of some melanomas, but also as an important intermediate in the development of drug resistance.