bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beam Scanning with Ultra‐Low Sidelobes and In‐Band Ultra‐Low Scattering Characteristics Empowered by Single Space‐Time‐Coding Radiation‐Scattering Metasurface
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Li Yongfeng , Yang Hao , Yan Mingbao , Jiang Jinming , Zhang Yunwei , Qin Zhe , Yang Wanwan , Chen Hongya , Pang Yongqiang , Guo Zhihao , Zheng Lin , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe integrated modulation of radiation and scattering provides an unprecedented opportunity to reduce the number of electromagnetic (EM) apertures in the platform while simultaneously enhancing communication and stealth performance. Nevertheless, achieving full‐polarization, arbitrary amplitude, and phase modulation of radiation scattering remains a challenge. In this paper, a strategy that realizes space‐time coding of radiation scattering within the same frequency band, which enables the simultaneous and independent modulation of amplitude and phase, is proposed. To address the limitations of the high sideband levels (SBLs) of conventional space‐time‐coding metasurfaces, a strategy comprising nonuniform modulation periods and stochastic coding is proposed. Consequently, beam scanning with ultra‐low sidelobe levels (SLLs) and suppressed SBLs is achieved in the radiation mode (RM). In scattering mode (SM), in‐band low scattering characteristics are achieved within the same operating frequency band as RM. A prototype of a space‐time‐coding radiation‐scattering metasurface (STCRSM) is fabricated and the aforementioned functionalities are validated by measurements. Furthermore, the proposed strategy does not necessitate the utilization of optimization algorithms and exhibits low SLLs and low SBLs, which will make it flourish in RF stealth applications, such as covert communication systems.
Elucidating the Molecular Landscape of Cystic Kidney Disease: Old Friends, New Friends and Some Surprises
Authors: Watson Deborah , Mentch Frank , Billings Jonathan , Ostberg Kayleigh , March Michael E. , Kalish Jennifer M. , Li Dong , Cannon India , Guay‐Woodford Lisa M. , Hartung Erum , Strong Alanna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCystic kidney diseases (CyKD) are a diverse group of disorders affecting more than 1 in 1000 individuals. Over 120 genes are implicated, primarily encoding components of the primary cilium, transcription factors, and morphogens. Prognosis varies greatly by molecular diagnosis. Causal variants are not identified in 10%–60% of individuals due to our limited understanding of CyKD. To elucidate the molecular landscape of CyKD, we queried the CAG Biobank using the ICD10 codes N28.1, Q61.1, Q61.11, Q61.19, Q61.2, Q61.3, and Q61.8 to identify individuals with CyKD. One hundred eight individuals met clinical criteria for CyKD and underwent proband‐only exome sequencing. Causal variants were identified in 86/108 (80%) individuals. The most common molecular diagnoses were PKD1‐related autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (32/108; 30%) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (21/108; 19%). Other common molecular diagnoses were ciliopathy syndromes (7/108; 6.5%) and Tuberous Sclerosis (6/108; 5.6%). Seven individuals had variants in genes not previously associated with CyKD (7/108; 6.5%). Candidate genes were identified in five individuals (5/108; 4.5%). Discordance between molecular and clinical diagnosis was present in two individuals. We demonstrate a high molecular diagnosis rate in individuals with CyKD that can result in diagnostic reclassification, supporting a role for genetic testing in CyKD.
The higher benefit of lecanemab in males compared to females in CLARITY AD is probably due to a real sex effect
Authors: Andrews Daniel , Ducharme Simon , Chertkow Howard , Sormani Maria Pia , Collins D. Louis ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe phase 3 trial CLARITY AD found lecanemab slowed cognitive decline by 27%. However, subgroup analyses indicated a significant 31% sex difference in the effect and suggested no or limited effectiveness in females. We used simulations constrained by the trial design to determine whether that difference reflects a pre‐existing sex difference in Alzheimer's disease progression or was a random event.METHODSSimulations were generated using linear mixed models of cognitive decline fit to data from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants satisfying CLARITY AD inclusion criteria.RESULTSThe statistically non‐significant 7.9% smaller cognitive decline rate in our cohort's males versus females does not explain CLARITY AD's 31% sex difference in lecanemab's effect. A ≥ 31% difference occurred randomly in only 12 of our 10,000 simulations (0.0012 probability).DISCUSSIONCLARITY AD's sex difference was probably not random. Lecanemab is likely less effective in females than males, but we cannot conclude the drug is ineffective in females.Highlights
Lecanemab is more clinically effective in males than in females.
Forest plots should only report subgroup‐specific effects in well‐powered subgroups.
Trial simulations based on real data enable investigation of subgroup drug effects.
We cannot conclude that lecanemab is clinically ineffective in females.
A sex difference in lecanemab's efficacy could be linked to its action mechanism.
Heterogeneity in Populations and the Paradoxes of Survival: A Tribute to Nozer Singpurwalla
Authors: Finkelstein Maxim , Cha Ji Hwan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe consider several survival models in heterogeneous settings. Heterogeneity in the failure rates of subpopulations results (as a specific case) in the famous failure rate paradox when the failure rate of a mixture of items with constant failure rates is decreasing. Random failure rate that is due to a point process that increases it at random times on fixed values also results in the “bending down” of the population failure rate. Similar effect is observed while analyzing the extreme shock models with shock processes that possess memory. Finally, another paradox when, due to heterogeneity in a vital parameter of a model, a terminating point process with decreasing rate after “mixing” becomes a non‐terminating one with increasing rate is described. Those are the impacts of heterogeneity that are discussed from the unified perspective that employs the “principle”: the weaker subpopulations are dying out first.
Beyond the ‘dilemma of difference’: An analysis of stories from experienced teachers, about their inclusive practice
Authors: Edwards Tracy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEfforts to strengthen inclusive practice in education have been found to be underpinned by encounters with dilemmas. In particular, much has been written about the ‘dilemma of difference’, which is the perceived tension between wanting to provide for individual needs in education and wanting to avoid stigmatising individuals by treating them differently to others, in order to do this. This article outlines a research study that worked with 42 ‘dilemma stories’, from 19 experienced teachers. The majority of these stories (35) were crafted as part of a methodological approach which involved story‐sharing dialogues with these teachers, transcription, and the (re)drafting of written narratives. Both phenomenography and hermeneutic phenomenology was applied to the analysis of the stories. This required an acceptance of the apparent ontological dissonance between the hermeneutic phenomenological preoccupation with the ‘pre‐reflective’ and phenomenography's emphasis on conceptions. Through the analysis, a typology of ‘four dilemmas of inclusive practice’ was arrived at. This typology suggests that experienced teachers often look beyond the ‘dilemma of difference’ and find themselves in more nuanced predicaments, which are arguably less visible to policymakers and advisors.
Visible Light‐Mediated Decarboxylative Giese Addition Utilizing Thioxanthone or Thioxanthone‐TfOH Complex as the Photocatalyst
Authors: Batsika Charikleia S. , Stini Naya A. , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSynthetic photochemistry is an alternative, green and sustainable approach in organic synthesis, offering the possibility for the discovery of novel reactivities. Carboxylic acids are abundant and widely used as suitable radical precursors for light‐mediated processes, providing access to products that are not accessible via conventional methods. Herein, we report a green, cheap, metal‐free, photochemical decarboxylative protocol for the 1,4‐radical conjugate addition (Giese reaction) using thioxanthone, a commercially available organic molecule, or a thioxanthone‐triflic acid (TfOH) complex, as the photocatalyst, under LED 427 nm irradiation. A wide range of carboxylic acids, amino acids and Michael acceptors has been tested, affording the desired products in good to high yields.
Spatiotemporal variability and functional redundancy obscure effects of urbanization on strawberry pollinators
Authors: Schulte Kyla D. , Wilson Caleb J. , Tawril Anna , Jamieson Mary A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPollination services across rural–urban gradients may vary as land cover and other environmental attributes differentially influence pollinators. Most studies examining crop pollination, however, have been conducted in rural environments, while research in urban areas has lagged behind despite growing interest in urban agriculture. In this study, we hypothesized that increased urbanization would alter pollinator community composition due to a reduction in natural areas within the surrounding landscape, potentially decreasing pollinator abundance. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a three‐year study using strawberries as a focal study crop. We characterized the abundance, diversity, and community composition of bees across 10 farms along a rural–urban gradient in Michigan, USA. Across sites and years, we found that urbanization, measured as impervious surface cover, had no consistent effect on overall bee abundance and diversity. However, urbanization differentially influenced certain taxa, namely, Halictini which was positively associated with more urban environments in year one and Ceratinini which was negatively associated with more urban environments in year three. Sweat bees and small carpenter bees were the most frequent strawberry flower visitors across sites and years, although honey bees were dominant at rural sites in year one. We observed 61 bee species visiting strawberry flowers, most commonly Lasioglossum, Ceratina, and Augochlorella species. Most bee species were generalist foragers that visited many flower species within each site. Variation in strawberry floral visitors across years appeared to be driven by shifts in flower phenology, especially in year one when flowering was delayed due to the practice of flower removal to increase yield. Our study demonstrates the importance of wild bees, especially native species, as pollinators in urban agriculture and illustrates how habitat context shapes bee communities.
DNA Binding Activity of Functionalized Schiff Base Metal Complexes
Authors: D'Anna Luisa , Marretta Laura , Froux Aurane , Rubino Simona , Butera Valeria , Spinello Angelo , Bonsignore Riccardo , Terenzi Alessio , Barone Giampaolo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBased on our recent research experience, this review highlights the DNA binding of salen, salphen and salnaphen metal complexes, with a focus on G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA, which is crucial in peculiar genomic regions and in cancer regulation. Such metal complexes have in fact shown significant ability to bind and stabilize G4 structures. We will point out the role of the metal center and of the ligand substituents affecting their binding and selectivity toward G4s, supported by experimental and computational studies.
Study on the Influence of Complicated Geological Condition Permeability in Coal Reservoirs on Horizontal Well Drainage and Production
Authors: Qin Bing , Wei Qifu , Duan Wenjing , Shi Zhanshan , Hao Jianfeng , Liang Bing , Sun Weiji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBased on the engineering background of coalbed methane block in Liujia District of Fuxin with complex geological conditions, a seepage mathematical model considering the dynamic changes of porosity and permeability of coal reservoir caused by coal matrix shrinkage under the conditions of gas adsorption, desorption, and stress change is established. A geological model of heterogeneous coalbed methane reservoir is established, which includes igneous rock and fault geological structure. The influence of permeability on coalbed methane productivity and reservoir pressure under complex geological conditions is studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the permeability of coal seam is an important factor affecting the yield of coalbed methane. The higher the permeability, the faster the output rate of coalbed methane, the higher the output, the faster the pressure drop of coal reservoir, and the faster the desorption rate of coalbed methane. Under the premise that the horizontal wellbore is perpendicular to the maximum permeability direction of the coal seam, the productivity of the well arrangement method is higher than that of the parallel maximum permeability direction. However, the length of the horizontal well in the Liujia block is limited by the dense igneous rock distribution, and the desorption area of the coalbed methane is reduced and the production is reduced when the vertical arrangement is arranged. Therefore, the horizontal wells in the Liujia block should be parallel to the maximum permeability direction and set along the direction of igneous rock. The greater the vertical permeability of the coal seam, the faster the reservoir pressure decreases, and the better the horizontal well productivity.
The role of wildfires and forest harvesting on geohazards and channel instability during the November 2021 atmospheric river in southwestern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Hancock Carie‐Ann , Wlodarczyk Kyle 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSediment mobilized to rivers during extreme flood events can influence channel stability and cause significant morphological changes. A prolonged and intense atmospheric river (AR) struck southwestern British Columbia, Canada in November 2021, leading to extreme flooding and landsliding over approximately 70 000 km2 of mountainous areas. Entire communities within the region were evacuated, and the transportation infrastructure connecting them was severely damaged. The locations of 1300+ geohazards (e.g., debris flows, debris flood, debris slides, shallow landslides and bank erosion) were mapped from helicopter, ground observations, orthoimagery, site photos and social media posts alongside rivers and large gravel‐bed streams that experienced lateral instability. Morphological changes in two of these gravel‐bed rivers were examined in more detail by comparing pre‐event and post‐event lidar data using three‐dimensional point‐based normal differencing. We found that geohazards occurred more frequently in burned areas and along forest harvesting resource roads, providing point sources of sediment that entered mainstem rivers. The geohazard mapping and lidar change detection revealed that bank erosion and lateral instability often occurred downstream of these mapped sediment sources. As the frequency of wildfires and extreme meteorological events is predicted to increase with continued climate change, future risk assessments in communities should consider sediment sources that can be mobilized by these events and the resulting downstream morphological impacts.
Fluid‐Structure Interaction and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Thin Flexible Heater Submersed in Non‐Newtonian Fluids Inside a Shear‐Driven Cavity
Authors: Chowdhury Asif Shorforaj , Nahin Mohtasim Saib , Sameem Ul Qaum Md. , Mahmood Fahim Tanfeez , Hasan Mohammad Nasim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines fluid‐structure interaction (FSI)–induced flow and heat transfer phenomena in a double‐sided shear‐driven, that is, lid‐driven cavity filled with non‐Newtonian power‐law fluids. A flexible thin heater positioned at the center of the cavity serves as the heat source, while the moving side walls maintained at constant low temperature perform as a heat sink. The numerical approach adopts the finite element Galerkin method, integrating the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework with moving mesh technique to solve the associated flow, thermal, and stress fields. The thermoelastodynamic system behavior is analyzed through streamline, isothermal, and heater deformation visualizations, along with an evaluation of heat transfer performance, namely, the average Nusselt number. FSI‐induced internal stress scenario in the heater is also studied in terms of maximum von Mises stress. Variation of system conditions necessarily includes mixed convection strength, shearing effect, fluid rheology, and flexibility of the heater manifested by four governing system parameters, namely, the Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), Reynolds number (100 ≤ Re ≤ 300), power‐law index (0.6 ≤ n ≤ 1.4), and Cauchy number (10⁻⁴ ≤ Ca ≤ 10⁻⁸). The findings of this study reveal a significant improvement in heat transfer for shear‐thinning fluids, with the most notable enhancement occurring at the highest Richardson number (Ri), where the heat transfer rate shows an increase of up to 33.33% compared with Newtonian fluids. The insights of this study might be helpful in heat transfer enhancement of industrial process equipment, particularly in applications such as food processing, electronics cooling, and chemical engineering, where non‐Newtonian fluids are extensively used in reactors and related thermofluid systems.
PSSKB: A Web Application to Study Protein Structures
Authors: Petrovskiy Denis V. , Nikolsky Kirill S. , Kulikova Liudmila I. , Rudnev Vladimir R. , Butkova Tatiana V. , Malsagova Kristina A. , Nakhod Valeriya I. , Kopylov Arthur T. , Kaysheva Anna L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe proteins expressed during the cell cycle determine cell function and ensure signaling pathway activation in response to environmental influences. Developments in structural biology, biophysics, and bioinformatics provide information on the structure and function of particular proteins including that on the structural changes in proteins due to post‐translational modification (PTM) and amino acid substitutions (AAS), which is essential for understanding protein function and life cycle. These are PTMs and AASs that often modulate the function and alter the stability and localization of a protein in a cell. PSSKB is a platform that integrates all necessary tools for modeling the five common natural modifications and all canonical AASs in proteins. The available tools are not limited to the local database, so the user can select a protein from Uniprot ID or PDB ID. The result will be a three‐dimensional (3D) representation of the modified structure, as well as an analysis of the changes in the performance of the intact and modified structures after energy minimization compared with the original structure, which not only makes it possible to evaluate AAS/PTM influence of on a protein's characteristics but also to use the 3D model for further studies. Additionally, PSSKB enables the user to search, align, overlay, and determine the exact coordinates of protein structure fragments. The search results are a set of structural motifs similar to the query and ranked by statistical significance. The platform is fully functional and publicly available at https://psskb.org/. No registration is required to access the platform. A tutorial video can be found at https://psskb.org/page/about. Services provided on the platform are based on previously developed and published software. SCPacker applied for PTM Modeling and AAS services available at GitHub (https://github.com/protdb/SCPacker). SaFoldNet applied for a Similar Search service is also available at GitHub (https://github.com/protdb/ABBNet).
Carboxyl Terminal Modulator Protein Induces Cell Senescence and Is Upregulated With Aging by Zic2 in Rats
Authors: Shan Weiran , Li Jun , Philpot Zachary , Zuo Zhiyi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCarboxyl terminal modulator protein (CTMP) may be involved in various physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation, tumor growth, and cardiac hypertrophy. Our recent study has shown that CTMP is increased with aging and plays a role in determining brain ischemic tolerance. However, it is not known how CTMP expression with aging is regulated and whether the changed CTMP expression has an effect on cell senescence. Here, cells that stably overexpressed CTMP were generated and cell senescence biomarkers were determined. The brains of Fischer 344 male rats were harvested for Western blot analysis and immunostaining to detect CTMP and the Zinc finger protein Zic2. The regulations of CTMP expression by Zic2 were examined by promoter activity assays. Increasing CTMP enhanced cells expressing senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining but without expression of Ki67, decreased cell proliferation and colony formation, and increased cells with condensed DNA of more than one pair of homologous chromosomes caused by senescence. Zic2 was decreased with aging in rats. Zic2 and CTMP were mainly expressed in the neurons in rats. Similarly, CTMP protein was expressed in the neurons of human brain. An anti‐Zic2 antibody immunoprecipitated DNA fragments of ctmp gene. Zic2 inhibited the activity of presumptive ctmp promoter. Overexpressing Zic2 decreased CTMP in cells. These results suggest that CTMP induces cell senescence and that Zic2 is a suppressor of CTMP expression. The decrease of Zic2 contributes to CTMP increase with aging.
Application of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Parameters of Metastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients in Predicting the Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Stage
Authors: Sun Jiawei , Zhao Qingzhuo , He Yan , Zhou Xianli 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo investigate the performance of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) parameters of metastatic axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) before and after two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients in predicting the efficacy of NAC.MethodsA total of 41 postoperative breast cancer patients were selected. All patients underwent NAC, and ALN biopsy was positive before chemotherapy. Metastatic ALN was examined by CEUS before and after two courses of NAC. The CEUS parameters of metastatic ALNs before and after two courses of NAC were analyzed to determine the performance of CEUS parameters in predicting the efficacy of NAC in early stage.ResultsThe NAC was effective for 28 cases and ineffective for 13 cases. There were no statistically significant differences in the CEUS parameters between effective NAC and ineffective NAC individuals before and after two courses of NAC. But, there were statistically significant differences in long diameter (LD), short diameter (SD), Peak intensity (Peak%) and area under the curve (AUC) between the effective and ineffective NAC patients after two courses of NAC. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis suggested the drop‐out value of LD, SD, Peak% and AUC after two courses of NAC can be used as important indicators to evaluate the efficacy of NAC (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCEUS parameters of metastatic axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) before and after two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients can predict the efficacy of NAC in early stage.