bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of adding cadmium and lead alone or in combination to the diet of pigs on their growth, carcase composition and reproduction
Authors: Phillips Clive , Győri Zoltán , Kovács Bélá 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLimits for cadmium and lead concentrations in food animal products have been established independently, whereas these two toxic metals often co‐exist in polluted regions. Weaned pigs (60) were allocated to ten treatments: control; low (0.5 mg kg−1), medium (1 mg kg−1) or high cadmium (2.5 mg kg−1) in feed; low (5 mg kg−1) medium (10 mg kg−1) or high (25 mg kg−1) lead in feed; and low, medium and high cadmium plus lead in feed. Growth rates and concentrations of cadmium and lead in body tissues (kidney, liver, spleen, lungs, heart, testicle, ribs, hair and teeth) were measured after 137 days. There was a similar reduction in weight gain for pigs in the cadmium and lead treatments, compared with the control, and a greater reduction for the pigs in the cadmium plus lead treatments. The reduction increased with the level of metal included. There was an increase in cadmium concentration of all tissues and blood with increasing feed cadmium concentration, which was usually less when lead was also included in the feed. There was also an increase in tissue lead concentration with increasing dietary lead, and this was in most cases increased when cadmium was also included in the feed. The most sensitive tissues for cadmium and lead exposure were the kidney, liver, hair and teeth, and regression equations were developed for the accumulation rates in these tissues. Tissue and blood cadmium concentrations increased gradually with increasing dietary lead, whereas tissue lead concentration was not sensitive to dietary cadmium, except in the ribs and heart. In a second experiment, 10 sows were allocated to a control diet or the same diet but with a supplement of cadmium and lead. The birth weight of piglets was decreased by the supplement and their mortality increased. Lead accumulated most in the ovary and oviduct of the sows, and there were increases in the lead and, to a lesser extent, cadmium concentrations of tissues of the piglets from these sows. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensory acceptability of white bread with added Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) kernel fibre and its glycaemic and insulinaemic responses when eaten as a breakfast
Authors: Johnson Stuart K , McQuillan Paula L , Sin Jean H , Ball Madeleine J 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether lupin kernel fibre (LKF) could lower the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of bread without reducing palatability. Healthy adults (n = 21) consumed control (white) bread (2.7% total dietary fibre (TDF)) once and LKF bread (8.5% TDF) once, as 50 g available carbohydrate breakfasts, in random order on different occasions. Venous blood samples were taken fasting, then post‐prandially over 2 h and analysed for plasma glucose and insulin. Incremental areas under curves (IAUC) for glucose and insulin, glycaemic index (GI) and insulinaemic index (II) were calculated. Sensory acceptability of a control (white) bread (3.5% TDF) and two LKF breads (6.6 and 8.3% TDF) was determined (n = 54). A reduction of 18.8% (P < 0.05) was seen in IAUC for insulin of LKF bread compared with the control (white) bread breakfast. No significant differences were seen in the other glucose or insulin measures. Mean sensory ratings for all breads were ‘acceptable’, with no significant differences between the ratings of the breads. In conclusion, LKF can be formulated into palatable bread and beneficially influenced the IAUC for insulin. Further studies are required to determine unequivocally whether LKF has beneficial effects on blood glucose and insulin measures. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Microbiological, chemical and sensory changes of whole and filleted Mediterranean aquacultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored in ice
Authors: Taliadourou Dimitra , Papadopoulos Vassilios , Domvridou Eleni , Savvaidis Ioannis N , Kontominas Michael G 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe effect of filleting on the microbiological, chemical and sensory properties of aquacultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored in ice was studied. Pseudomonads, H2S‐producing bacteria (including Shewanella putrefaciens) and Brochothrix thermosphacta were the dominant bacteria at the end of the 16 day storage period in ice for both whole ungutted and filleted sea bass. Enterobacteriaceae were also found in the spoilage microflora of whole ungutted and filleted sea bass, but their counts were always lower than those of pseudomonads, H2S‐producing bacteria (including S putrefaciens) and B thermosphacta. Total viable counts for whole ungutted sea bass were always lower than those for filleted sea bass samples. Of the chemical indicators of spoilage, TMA (trimethylamine) values of whole ungutted sea bass increased very slowly, whereas significantly higher values were obtained for filleted samples, with respective values of 0.253 and 1.515 mg N per 100 g muscle being reached at the end of their shelf‐life (days 13 and 9 respectively). TVB‐N (total volatile basic nitrogen) values showed a slight increase for whole ungutted sea bass during storage, reaching a value of 26.77 mg N per 100 g muscle (day 13), whereas for filleted fish a corresponding value of 26.88 mg N per 100 g muscle was recorded (day 9). TBA (thiobarbituric acid) values increased slowly for whole ungutted and filleted sea bass samples throughout the entire storage period, reaching final values of 4.48 (day 13) and 13.84 (day 9) mg malonaldehyde kg−1 respectively. Sensory assessment of raw fish using the EC freshness scale gave a grade E for up to 5 days for whole ungutted sea bass, a grade A for a further 4 days and a grade B for an additional 4 days, after which sea bass was graded as C (unfit). Overall acceptability scores for odour, taste and texture of cooked whole ungutted and filleted sea bass decreased with increasing time of storage. The results of this study indicate that the shelf‐life of sea bass stored in ice, as determined by overall acceptability sensory scores and microbiological data, is 8–9 days for filleted and 12–13 days for whole ungutted fish. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of frozen storage of hake, sardine and mixed minces on natural actomyosin extracted in salt solutions
Authors: Tejada Margarita , Mohamed Gamal Fouad , Huidobro Almudena , García Maria Luisa 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNatural actomyosin extracted in salt solutions from mixtures of hake and sardine minces (3:1; 1:1 and 1:3 w/w) stored frozen for up to 1 year differed in the amount extracted and in the characteristics of the extracts. In the mixed minces the amount of natural actomyosin extracted decreased during frozen storage at a higher rate than that theoretically corresponding to the amount of hake in the mixes. With increasing storage time and proportion of sardine a lower percentage of myosin heavy chain and actin was observed by electrophoresis. An increased size of aggregates was also observed by electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy. The stability of emulsions was enhanced when aggregates appeared in the extracts. The decrease in the amount of natural actomyosin extracted does not explain the changes observed in the texture of the minces during frozen storage. This may indicate that the size of the aggregates unextractable in salt solutions, independently of the type of bonds that bind the proteins in the aggregates, plays an important role in the textural changes observed. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Systematic investigations of different capillary electrophoretic techniques for separation of methylquinolines
Authors: Schöftner Rainer , Buchberger Wolfgang 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe migration behaviour of isoquinoline, quinoline, and methyl derivatives of quinoline in different capillary electrophoretic modes has been systematically investigated. Optimised separation conditions were established by varying the key parameters (solvent, pH, temperature, surfactant concentration, core phase) for aqueous and non‐aqueous capillary zone electrophoresis (NACE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with anionic or non‐ionic micelles (SDS, Brij 35), and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) with charged or uncharged microemulsion droplets. A separation of all quinolines could be achieved by MEEKC with charged droplets, by MEKC or by formamide‐based NACE. Comparing the separations with respect to separation selectivity, substantial changes in migration order could be observed between the different techniques. Regarding separation efficiency, the number of theoretical plates and limits of detection (LOD) have been compared. The best LODs were achieved using SDS as surfactant in MEKC, followed by MEEKC.
Ableitung von Festigkeitsforderungen für PKW unter Berücksichtigung statistischer Kriterien
Authors: Heuler P. , Vogler J. , Beste A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDie Ableitung von Forderungen für die Festigkeitsauslegung von PKW‐Bauteilen erfordert die Festlegung von charakteristischen Kennwerten der Belastung und der Festigkeit. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass beide Kenngrößen teilweise erheblichen Streuungen unterliegen und daher als statistisch verteilte Größen zu betrachten sind. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Kenngrößen, Ansätze und Verfahren diskutiert, die zur Behandlung dieser Aufgabenstellung eingesetzt werden. Für die Belastungsseite wird versucht, “harte” Anforderungsprofile aus Auslegungs‐ und Teststrecken sowie aus Kundenmessungen abzuleiten. Das Streuverhalten der Bauteilschwingfestigkeit kann über die Auswertung umfangreicher Datensammlungen, ergänzt durch Hersteller spezifische Erfahrungswerte, abgeschätzt werden. Dies erfolgt an Hand einer Auseinandersetzung mit den Daten einer neueren Untersuchung, die in der Literatur vorgestellt wurde.
Festigkeitsberechnung scharf gekerbter Bauteile
Authors: Niessner M. , Seeger T. , Hohe J. , Siegele D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird die Festigkeit scharf gekerbter Bauteile unter statischer Belastung und Ermüdungsbelastung untersucht und der FKM‐Richtlinie “Rechnerischer Festigkeitsnachweis für Maschinenbauteile” gegenübergestellt. Dabei ist zu erkennen, dass die Bewertung scharf gekerbter Bauteile mit dem gegenwärtigen Stand der Richtlinie nicht möglich ist. Es werden Konzepte zur Berücksichtigung von Größeneinfluss und Stützwirkung in der Festigkeitsberechnung vergleichend vorgestellt, wobei das unter anderem in der FKM‐Richtlinie realisierte Gradientenkonzept nach Siebel/Stieler sowie der statistische Größeneinfluss auf Basis des Fehlstellenmodells im Vordergrund stehen. Zur Bewertung der rechnerischen Stützzahlen wurden Versuche an scharf gekerbten Proben durchgeführt. Aus den daraus gewonnenen experimentellen Stützzahlen wird ein Vorschlag zur Modifikation der Stützzahlberechnung in der FKM‐Richtlinie für den Bereich scharfer Kerben abgeleitet.
Clinical significance of complex repetitive discharges: A case‐control study
Authors: Fellows Lesley K. , Foster Bethany J. , Chalk Colin H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractComplex repetitive discharges (CRDs) are a striking, infrequent finding on needle electromyography (EMG), but their significance is debated. This retrospective case‐control study of 486 patients evaluated in a general hospital–based EMG laboratory examined the association of CRDs with specific diagnostic categories, duration of symptoms, and comorbid diabetes mellitus. No CRDs were identified in patients without other evidence of neuromuscular disease. Myopathy was associated with an increased risk of CRDs (adjusted odds ratio, 5.98; 95% confidence interval, 2.38 to 14.99). In general, neuropathic conditions were not associated with either an increased or decreased risk of CRDs compared with other neuromuscular diseases, although confidence intervals were wide. Similarly, neither the chronicity of symptoms nor the presence of diabetes yielded odds ratios that differed significantly from unity. In clinical populations similar to the one we studied, the positive predictive value of CRDs for any of the diagnoses we evaluated is low. However, the absence of CRDs can be of diagnostic value in that it reduces the likelihood of myopathy or motor neuron disease. The likelihood of finding CRDs in acute conditions is the same as that in chronic conditions. Muscle Nerve 28: 504–507, 2003
Stimulated single‐fiber EMG of the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles in ocular myasthenia gravis
Authors: Valls‐Canals J. , Povedano M. , Montero J. , Pradas J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe performed single‐fiber electromyography by axonal stimulation (stimulated SFEMG) of the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles of 20 patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OM) and 46 controls. In controls, mean consecutive differences (MCD) ranged from 5 to 55 μs (average, 14.7 ± 2.8 μs) in the frontalis and from 4 to 56 μs (average, 12.56 ± 2.19 μs) in orbicularis oculi. The mean MCD of individual muscle potentials (MPs) was 14.6 ± 6.8 μs in frontalis and 12.68 ± 6.10 μs in orbicularis oculi. In the OM patients, the mean MCD was 43.85 ± 25.18 μs in the frontalis and 69.85 ± 29.55 μs in orbicularis oculi (P < 0.0001), and the number of MPs with altered MCD was 7.15 ± 4.66 (range, 1–18) and 12.65 ± 4.90 (range, 6–21), respectively (P < 0.0001). We conclude that stimulated SFEMG of the orbicularis oculi muscle is more sensitive for the diagnosis of OM than of the frontalis muscle. Muscle Nerve 28: 501–503, 2003
Progressive exercise intolerance associated with a new muscle‐restricted nonsense mutation (G142X) in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene
Authors: Bruno Claudio , Santorelli Filippo M. , Assereto Stefania , Tonoli Emmanuel , Tessa Alessandra , Traverso Monica , Scapolan Sara , Bado Massimo , Tedeschi Silvana , Minetti Carlo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe report a novel nonsense mitochondrial cytochrome b mutation (G15170A) in a 40‐year‐old woman with progressive exercise intolerance and lactic acidosis. Muscle biopsy showed several cytochrome c oxidase–positive ragged‐red fibers, and reduced activities of respiratory chain complexes I and III. This mutation, resulting in the loss of 228 amino acids of the protein, was very abundant in the patient's muscle, but undetectable in lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Clinical and laboratory data indicate that this defect is the primary cause of the disease, thus adding a new mutation in the cytochrome b gene among the growing number of patients with exercise intolerance and lactic acidosis. Muscle Nerve 28: 508–511, 2003
Origins and early descriptions of “Duchenne muscular dystrophy”
Authors: Tyler Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractOne of the seminal events in the history of neurology was the identification of primary diseases of muscle and their separation from diseases in which muscle weakness was secondary to injury involving the anterior horns of the spinal cord (“progressive muscular atrophy”). Not surprisingly, one of the first groups of primary muscle diseases to be satisfactorily characterized belonged to what would today be classified as muscular dystrophies. Pride of place in this group belongs to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD's primacy as the first well‐characterized muscular dystrophy was due both to the fact that it is relatively common, as well as to the clinically striking feature, apparent in many cases, of apparent paradoxical enlargement of severely weakened muscles (“pseudo‐hypertrophy”). This review traces the historical roots of DMD in the 19th century, from the early papers by Conte, Bell, Partridge, and Meryon through the classic monographs by Duchenne and Gowers. In addition, the first American contributions to DMD are reviewed, including those by Pepper, Hammond, and S. Weir Mitchell. Many of the original papers describing this disease are now unavailable outside of major medical libraries, and several important contributions, excepting those of Duchenne, which are recognized eponymously, are now virtually forgotten. Muscle Nerve 28: 402–422, 2003
Retrograde regeneration following neurotmesis of the ulnar nerve
Authors: Leis A. Arturo , Lancon John A. , Stokic Dobrivoje S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA 41‐year‐old woman experienced a gunshot wound to the forearm with neurotmesis of the ulnar nerve. Surgery 9 months later revealed a neuroma‐in‐continuity in the midforearm. Intraoperative nerve stimulation failed to elicit direct nerve responses or motor responses from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. However, neurotonic discharges in response to mechanical irritation of the neuroma were recorded in the FDI, but not the ADM. Surprisingly, after resecting the ulnar nerve distal to the neuroma, neurotonic discharges were still elicited in the FDI following perturbation of the neuroma. Moreover, neurotonic discharges were elicited during ulnar nerve resection 2 cm proximal to the neuroma. No anastomoses or anomalous branches were noted. The findings suggest that regenerating fibers did not reach the FDI through the distal nerve segment. Rather, we speculate that nerve fibers regenerating at random, or impeded by scar tissue, contacted the proximal nerve portion, at which point growth became polarized in a retrograde direction. Retrograde regeneration may have proceeded to a branch point in the forearm (possibly an undetected anomalous branch or fibrous adhesion), where growth of regenerating fibers extended outward into surrounding damaged tissue planes before redirecting distally to reach the FDI. Muscle Nerve 28: 512–514, 2003
Inferior mechanical properties of spastic muscle bundles due to hypertrophic but compromised extracellular matrix material
Authors: Lieber Richard L. , Runesson Eva , Einarsson Fredrik , Fridén Jan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe passive mechanical properties of small muscle fiber bundles obtained from surgical patients with spasticity (n = 9) and patients without neuromuscular disorders (n = 21) were measured in order to determine the relative influence of intracellular and extracellular components. For both types of patient, tangent modulus was significantly greater in bundles compared to identical tests performed on isolated single cells (P < 0.05). However, the relative difference between bundles and single cells was much greater in normal tissue than spastic tissue. The tangent modulus of normal bundles (462.5 ± 99.6 MPa) was 16 times greater than normal single cells (28.2 ± 3.3 MPa), whereas the tangent modulus of spastic bundles (111.2 ± 35.5 MPa) was only twice that of spastic muscle cells (55.0 ± 6.6 MPa). This relatively small influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in spastic muscle was even more surprising because spastic muscle cells occupied a significantly smaller fraction of the total specimen area (38.5 ± 13.6%) compared to normal muscle (95.0 ± 8.8%). Based on these data, normal muscle ECM is calculated to have a modulus of 8.7 GPa, and the ECM from spastic muscle of only 0.20 GPa. These data indicate that spastic muscle, although composed of cells that are stiffer compared to normal muscle, contains an ECM of inferior mechanical strength. The present findings illustrate some of the profound changes that occur in skeletal muscle secondary to spasticity. The surgical implications of these results are discussed. Muscle Nerve 28: 464–471, 2003
Cutaneous silent periods
Authors: Floeter Mary Kay 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe cutaneous silent period (CSP) refers to the brief interruption in voluntary contraction that follows strong electrical stimulation of a cutaneous nerve. The CSP is a protective reflex that is mediated by spinal inhibitory circuits and is reinforced in part by parallel modulation of the motor cortex. This review summarizes current understanding of the afferents and circuits that are responsible for producing CSPs; the utility of the CSP for investigating peripheral and central nervous system disorders; and the relationship between the CSP, other cutaneous reflexes, and peripheral silent periods. Muscle Nerve 28: 391–401, 2003
Contribution of wild‐type transthyretin to hereditary peripheral nerve amyloid
Authors: Yazaki Masahide , Liepnieks Juris J. , Kincaid John C. , Benson Merrill D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo elucidate the contribution of wild‐type transthyretin (TTR) to amyloid polyneuropathy in TTR amyloidosis, we biochemically investigated amyloid fibrils isolated from sciatic nerve of an autopsied patient with TTR Ala25Ser variant and compared the amount of wild‐type and variant TTR in the nerve to that in the heart. Amyloid subunit protein from isolated fibrils was solubilized in 6M guanidine HCl and purified by gel filtration chromatography. The relative amounts of variant and wild‐type TTR in the purified protein were estimated from the recovered amounts of tryptic peptides with Ser25 or Ala25. Approximately 60% variant and 40% wild‐type TTR were found in both the nerve and heart amyloid deposits. Our results indicate that wild‐type TTR co‐deposits in the peripheral nerves with variant TTR as amyloid fibril, and therefore that progression of amyloid deposition in the peripheral nerves from wild‐type TTR may occur after liver transplantation, as has been seen in the heart. Muscle Nerve 28: 438–442, 2003
Neutrophils do not contribute to local tissue damage, but play a key role in skeletal muscle regeneration, in mice injected with Bothrops asper snake venom
Authors: Teixeira C. F. P. , Zamunér S. R. , Zuliani J. P. , Fernandes C. M. , Cruz‐Hofling M. A. , Fernandes I. , Chaves F. , Gutiérrez J. M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLocal tissue damage induced by crotaline snake venoms includes edema, myonecrosis, hemorrhage, and an inflammatory response associated with a prominent cellular infiltrate. The role of neutrophils in the local tissue damage induced by Bothrops asper snake venom and by myotoxin I, a phospholipase A2 isolated from this venom, was investigated. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with either an antimouse granulocyte rat monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody or with isotype‐matched control antibody. No significant differences in these local effects were observed between mice pretreated with antigranulocyte antibodies and those receiving control IgG. Moreover, myotoxicity induced by B. asper myotoxin I was similar in neutrophil‐depleted and control mice. The role of neutrophils in the process of skeletal muscle regeneration was also assessed. Muscle regeneration was assessed by quantifying the muscle levels of creatine kinase and by morphometric histological analysis of the area comprised by regenerating cells in damaged regions of skeletal muscle. Mice depleted of neutrophils and then injected with B. asper venom showed a more deficient regenerative response than mice pretreated with control IgG. Moreover, a drastic difference in the regenerative response was observed in mice injected with myotoxin I, because animals pretreated with control IgG showed a successful regeneration, whereas those depleted of neutrophils had abundant areas of necrotic tissue that had not been removed 7 days after injection, associated with reduced contents of creatine kinase. It is concluded that (1) neutrophils do not play a significant role in the acute local pathological alterations induced by the venom of B. asper, and (2) neutrophils play a prominent role in the process of skeletal muscle regeneration after injection of B. asper venom and myotoxin I, probably related to the phagocytosis of necrotic material and the recruitment of other inflammatory cells, two events directly associated with a successful muscle regenerative response. Muscle Nerve 28: 449–459, 2003