bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic Profiling of Soluble Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Neurosyphilis
Authors: Xu Dongmei , Jiang Yu , Lun Wenhui , Cao Yu , Xu Xiaoxue , Wang Beibei , Li Rui , Chen Chen , Huang Yuming , Zeng Hui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Soluble inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neurosyphilis have been investigated with low-throughput technology. This study aimed to illustrate the characteristics of soluble factor profiles in CSF of patients with neurosyphilis.

Methods
We measured the concentrations of 45 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in CSF from 112 untreated syphilis cases, including latent syphilis (LS), asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS), meningeal neurosyphilis (MNS), meningovascular neurosyphilis (MVNS), paralytic dementia (PD), and ocular syphilis (OS).

Results
Thirty-three differentially expressed soluble factors (DeSFs) were categorized into 3 clusters. DeSF scores of clusters 1 and 2 (DeSFS1 and DeSFS2) were positively correlated with elevated neopterin and neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) concentration, respectively. DeSF scores of cluster 3 were positively correlated with white blood cells, protein, NF-L, and neopterin. Patients with LS, ANS, and OS exhibited an overall lower abundance of DeSFs. Patients with PD exhibited significantly increased levels of clusters 1 and 3, and the highest total DeSF score, whereas patients with MNS and MVNS showed enhanced levels of cluster 2. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that DeSFS1 effectively discriminated PD, and DeSFS2 discriminated MNS/MVNS with high accuracy.

Conclusions
Patients with neurosyphilis at different stages have distinctive patterns of soluble factors in CSF, which are correlated with immune status and neuronal damage.
How Do You Solve a Problem like DALL-E 2?
Authors: Wojtkiewicz Kathryn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The arrival of image-making generative artificial intelligence (AI) programs has been met with a broad rebuke: to many, it feels inherently wrong to regard images made using generative AI programs as artworks. I am skeptical of this sentiment, and in what follows I aim to demonstrate why. I suspect AI generated images can be considered artworks; more specifically, that generative AI programs are, in many cases, just another tool artists can use to realize their creative intent. I begin with an overview of how generative AI programs, like OpenAI’s DALL-E 2, work. Then, leveraging work by Claire Anscomb, I argue that generative AI programs are a new technique of automatic image-making that affords creative agency to its users, thereby qualifying the images they create as artworks. Finally, I show many of the objections brought against AI artworks—including accusations of plagiarism and artistic devaluation—are due to the social backdrop in which we currently find them, rather than the technology itself. In the end, I aim to open the door to further aesthetic debate concerning AI generated images and art.
Inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid in a low metabolizable energy diet improves broilers growth performance by elevating energy utilization efficiency through modulation serum metabolite profile
Authors: Cao Sumei , He Weizhen , Qi Guanghai , Wang Jing , Qiu Kai , Ayalew Habtamu , Zhang Haijun , Wu Shugeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study was aimed to explore the elevating energy utilization efficiency mechanism for the potentially ameliorative effect of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) addition on growth performance of broilers fed a low metabolizable energy (LME) diet. A total of 576 d old broilers were randomly allocated to one of the six treatments: a basal diet (normal ME, positive control, PC), or an LME diet (50 kcal/kg reduction in ME, negative control, NC) supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, and 0.08% GAA from 1 to 42 d of age, respectively. The GAA fortification in LME diet linearly or quadratically dropped (P &lt; 0.05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 d of age, abdominal fat rate on day 42, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on day 21, and serum creatinine (CREAN) on days 21 and 42, elevated (P &lt; 0.05) breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate on day 42, serum creatine kinase (CK) on days 21 and 42, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on day 21. The dietary optimal GAA levels were 0.03%-0.08% based on the best-fitted quadratic models (P &lt; 0.03) of the above parameters. Thus, the PC, LME, and 0.04% GAA-LME groups were selected for further analysis. Serum essential amino acids (EAA) tryptophan, histidine and arginine, non-essential amino acids (NEEA) serine, glutamine and aspartic acid were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), compared to PC diet by LME or 0.04% GAA-LME diet. 0.04% GAA-LME group reversed (P &lt; 0.05) the reduction of arginine, 3-methyhistidine, and 1-methylhistidine by LME diet. Besides, six birds at 28 d of age from LME and 0.04% GAA-LME groups were selected for energy utilization observation in calorimetry chambers. The results demonstrated that 0.04% GAA-LME group significantly improved (P &lt; 0.05) the ME intake (MEI) and net energy (NE) compared to the LME diet. Overall, these findings suggest that 0.04% GAA is the ideal dose of broilers fed the LME diet, which can significantly improve the growth performance and carcass characteristics by modulation of creatine metabolism through elevating serum CK activity and arginine concentration.
A skeleton in a huff: insights in etiologies of osteosclerosis
Authors: Chen Zhaozhao , Akanbi Folake , Lucas David R , Walton David M , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana N , Siegel Geoffrey W , McCauley Laurie K , Clines Gregory A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 30-yr-old man developed right lower leg pain and a palpable solid mass. Radiographic imaging revealed a periosteal reaction with an exostotic mass arising from the right distal fibula. Generalized skeletal osteosclerosis with periosteal reaction was discovered on a radiographic skeletal survey. A biopsy of the right fibular mass revealed reactive woven bone. The patient was referred to a metabolic bone disease clinic, where laboratory values were consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover. A DXA bone density scan revealed high bone density, with an L1–4 spine Z-score of +9.3, a left femoral neck Z-score of +8.5, and a total hip Z-score of +6.5. A dental exam revealed generalized gingival inflammation, teeth mobility, generalized horizontal alveolar bone loss and widening of the periodontal ligament space, increased bone density around the teeth, and thickening of the radicular lamina dura. An extensive evaluation was performed, with the result of a single test revealing the diagnosis. The differential diagnoses of osteosclerosis affecting the skeleton, teeth, and oral cavity are discussed.
An enhanced dynamic differential annealed algorithm for global optimization and feature selection
Authors: Hussien Abdelazim G , Kumar Sumit , Singh Simrandeep , Pan Jeng-Shyang , Hashim Fatma A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Dynamic differential annealed optimization (DDAO) is a recently developed physics-based metaheuristic technique that mimics the classical simulated annealing mechanism. However, DDAO has limited search abilities, especially when solving complicated and complex problems. A unique variation of DDAO, dubbed as mDDAO, is developed in this study, in which opposition-based learning technique and a novel updating equation are combined with DDAO. mDDAO is tested on 10 different functions from CEC2020 and compared with the original DDAO and nine other algorithms. The proposed mDDAO algorithm performance is evaluated using 10 numerical constrained functions from the recently released CEC 2020 benchmark suite, which includes a variety of dimensionally challenging optimisation tasks. Furthermore, to measure its viability, mDDAO is employed to solve feature selection problems using fourteen UCI datasets and a real-life Lymphoma diagnosis problem. Results prove that mDDAO has a superior performance and consistently outperforms counterparts across benchmarks, achieving fitness improvements ranging from 1% to 99.99%. In feature selection, mDDAO excels by reducing feature count by 23% to 79% compared to other methods, enhancing computational efficiency and maintaining classification accuracy. Moreover, in lymphoma diagnosis, mDDAO demonstrates up to 54% higher average fitness, 18% accuracy improvement, and 86% faster computation times.
From denoising diffusions to denoising Markov models
Authors: Benton Joe , Shi Yuyang , De Bortoli Valentin , Deligiannidis George , Doucet Arnaud 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Denoising diffusions are state-of-the-art generative models exhibiting remarkable empirical performance. They work by diffusing the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution and then learning to reverse this noising process to obtain synthetic datapoints. The denoising diffusion relies on approximations of the logarithmic derivatives of the noised data densities using score matching. Such models can also be used to perform approximate posterior simulation when one can only sample from the prior and likelihood. We propose a unifying framework generalizing this approach to a wide class of spaces and leading to an original extension of score matching. We illustrate the resulting models on various applications.
Autophagy: a key player in the recovery of plants from heat stress
Authors: Sedaghatmehr Mastoureh , Balazadeh Salma 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Plants can be primed to withstand otherwise lethal heat stress (HS) through exposure to a preceding temporary and mild HS, commonly known as the ‘thermopriming stimulus’. Plants have also evolved mechanisms to establish ‘memories’ of a previous stress encounter, or to reset their physiology to the original cellular state once the stress has ended. The priming stimulus triggers a widespread change of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, which is crucial for maintaining the memory state but may not be required for growth and development under optimal conditions or may even be harmful. In such a scenario, recycling mechanisms such as autophagy are crucial for re-establishing cellular homeostasis and optimizing resource use for post-stress growth. While pivotal for eliminating heat-induced protein aggregates and protecting plants from the harmful impact of HS, recent evidence implies that autophagy also breaks down heat-induced protective macromolecules, including heat shock proteins, functioning as a resetting mechanism during the recovery from mild HS. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in understanding the multifaceted functions of autophagy in HS responses, with a specific emphasis on its roles in recovery from mild HS, and the modulation of HS memory.
Abnormal adipose tissue-derived microbes drive metabolic disorder and exacerbate postnatal growth retardation in piglet
Authors: Song Tongxing , Qi Ming , Zhu Yucheng , Wang Nan , Liu Zhibo , Li Na , Yang Jiacheng , Han Yanxu , Wang Jing , Tao Shiyu , Ren Zhuqing , Yin Yulong , Zheng Jinshui , Tan Bie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPostnatal growth retardation (PGR) frequently occurs during early postnatal development of piglets and induces high mortality. To date, the mechanism of PGR remains poorly understood. Adipose tissue-derived microbes have been documented to be associated with several disorders of metabolism and body growth. However, the connection between microbial disturbance of adipose tissue and pig PGR remains unclear. Here, we investigated piglets with PGR and found that the adipose tissue of PGR piglets was characterized by metabolism impairment, adipose abnormality, and specific enrichment of culturable bacteria from Proteobacteria. Gavage of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, a species of Sphingomonas genus from the alphaproteobacteria, induced PGR in piglets. Moreover, this bacterium could also lead to metabolic disorders and susceptibility to acute stress, resulting in weight loss in mice. Mechanistically, multi-omics analysis indicated the changes in lipid metabolism as a response of adipose tissue to abnormal microbial composition. Further experimental tests proved that one of the altered lipids phosphatidylethanolamines could rescue the metabolism disorder and growth retardation, thereby suppressing the amount of Sphingomonas in the adipose tissue. Together, these results highlight that the microbe–host crosstalk may regulate the metabolic function of adipose tissue in response to PGR.
Massive red spiral galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA survey
Authors: Cui Jiantong , Gu Qiusheng , Shi Yong 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Massive red spiral galaxies (MRSGs) are supposed to be the possible progenitors of lenticular galaxies (S0s). We select a large sample of MRSGs ($M_*\gt 10^{10.5}\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$) from Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) DR17 using the g − r colour versus stellar mass diagram, along with control samples of blue spirals and S0s. Our main results are as follows: (1) After comparing the Sérsic index, concentration parameter, asymmetry parameter distribution, size–mass relation, and Σ1 (stellar mass surface density within the central 1 kpc)−mass relation, we find MRSGs are similar to S0s and have more compact and symmetric structures than blue spirals. MRSGs also resemble S0s in Dn4000, metallicity, Mgb/$\rm \left\langle Fe \right\rangle$, and V/σ radial profile. (2) By using MaNGA 2D spectra data, we separate the spatial regions into inner (R &lt; 0.8Re) and outer (0.8 &lt; R  &lt; 1.5Re) regions, and detect residual star formation in the outer regions of MRSGs. (3) When we select a sub-sample of MRSGs with NUV − r  &gt;  5, we find that they are completely star formation quenched in both inner and outer regions. Compared to optically selected MRSGs, NUV − r selected MRSGs appear to be more concentrated and have more massive dark matter haloes. The similarities between S0s and MRSGs suggest the possible evolutionary trend between MRSGs and S0s.
Aman novi/Heu Fortuna/Heu me
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAman novi/Heu Fortuna/Heu me is the third motet in ‘Marigny’ order, the first in Fauvel order, of the group of which the first two (Garrit gallus/In nova and Tribum/Quoniam) are the subject of Chapter 4. Editions of text and music propose solutions to textual corruptions. Fauvel’s metaphorical death from Fortuna’s rejection of his suit is dramatically aligned with the real deaths of Christ, Marigny and the biblical Haman, his rise and fall with the fates of the Ovidian Icarus and Phaeton, which in turn are linked by Dante with Haman, suggesting a possible knowledge of the Commedia by the Fauvel authors in the 1310s. The chapter is adapted from the author’s part of a joint article with Kevin Brownlee, of which his contribution develops the literary Dantean connection.
Floret/Florens: Intended forFauvel?
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe motet Floret/Florens is not in the Fauvel compilation, but its triplum text and music were adapted there, topped and tailed as a ‘fauvelised’ monophonic prose, Carnalitas, luxuria. Table 6.1 shows verbal correspondences between the two versions. The motetus text names Haman and Mordecai, thus linking it with Aman novi (see Chs. 3 and 5), where Haman stands for Marigny and Fauvel. The present chapter proposes that the motet’s many affinities with the tone and subject-matter of Fauvel might indicate that at some stage it was planned for inclusion, either in addition to or instead of Garrit gallus, the final motet in the ‘forwards’ Fauvel narrative, and the first in the ‘backwards’ Marigny sequence. The motets share a tenor, and may also have contributed to an alphabetical sequence.
Text–Music Relationships in Motets 4 and 8
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe previously unpublished musical analyses in this chapter are expanded from seminars given jointly with Kevin Brownlee’s commentaries on the texts, which he summarised in a separate publication. It complements more recent work by others on these motets. In Motet 4 the Latin liturgical tenor (Speravi, I hoped) was chosen to fit the material of the vernacular upper voices on that subject. Distinctive melodic and rhythmic motives are associated with key words (‘love’ and ‘desire’); melodic cells and palindromic elements of the tenor melody are played out in the upper parts. Voice crossing, and distribution of the verbal text over the music, reinforce the overall message. Motet 8 employs some similar strategies; upper-part motives are again derived from the disjunct tenor, and the instability of Fortune is vividly depicted in the music.
Apollinis eclipsatur, its Progeny and their Sources
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the five central related motets that between them name over sixty musicians. They are Apollinis eclipsatur/Zodiacum signis (now attested in fifteen sources and some citations in treatises), Musicalis sciencia/Sciencie laudabili, Musicorum collegio/In templo Dei posita, Alma polis religio/Axe poli cum artica (all unica) and Sub Arturo plebs/Fons citharizancium with three sources. It reviews their order, authorship, relationships between them, and differentiates them from other earlier and later motets that list musicians. It sets out in detail their manuscript sources and citations in theory treatises. The testimony of Heinrich Eger von Kalkar, invoked by others in connection with this group, is assessed and judged to be unreliable.
Musicalis sciencia/Sciencie laudabiliand the Musicians Named inApollinisandMusicalis
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMusicalis sciencia, addressed to twenty living musicians, is chronologically the second motet in the group of musician motets, probably dating soon after 1330 and preserved in a single source. It is cast as an exchange between music and rhetoric, including an injunction not to break words with rests. It shares musical allusions (including its opening rhythm and other motifs), talea length, and some named musicians with the twelve of Apollinis. Text and music are analysed. The upper parts are strictly isorhythmic, corresponding to the tenor periods, each talea ending with six breves of wordless hocket with minim rests. Identifications are reviewed, both firm and conjectural, that have been proposed for musicians named in one or both motets. Some of the musicians unique to Musicalis have Arras associations.
The Motet Collection of San Lorenzo 2211 (SL2211) and the Composer Hubertus de Salinis
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe palimpsest Florentine manuscript SL2211 is the only Italian trecento anthology to include a section of motets. This chapter (a slightly modified version of a conference contribution published in 2020) assesses the selection, and the possible reasons for their choice; international favourites outnumber Italian motets, of which there are only two. All three known motets by Hubertus de Salinis are present, as are some previously unknown songs in a straightforward style, all ascribed to him. A review of his biography associates him with Liège, and makes it unlikely that he composed the very different ballade En la saison, attributed to him in Chantilly.
Trémoïlle Revisited
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter revises an earlier essay on the ‘Trémoïlle index’. Just one bifolio survives of this large and important royal manuscript, whose lost contents are listed on its first page, permitting a partial reconstruction of the repertory. An updated inventory includes several new identifications, including testimony to Denis le Grant as a composer. Although referred to as an index, its status is closer to a partly classified table of contents, with later additions (and songs as page-fillers), and listed as they were copied. Some of the songs are numerically out of order, presumably listed in order of copying where space had been found for them on an earlier opening.
The Trap
Authors: Sharone Ofer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the surprising finding that highly qualified jobseekers, including those with advanced degrees from prestigious universities like Harvard, may get trapped in long-term unemployment. We learn from the recruiters who review job applications how the assumptions and stigmas applied to unemployed and older jobseekers can often lead to their exclusion from consideration. The stigma of unemployment means that jobseekers who had previously been successful in their careers and had held coveted, good jobs, are no longer considered competitive for such jobs. But they are also excluded from consideration for lower-level jobs in their field due to perceived over-qualification, and they are not considered for jobs in other fields due to lack of experience. They cannot go straight, they cannot go down, and they cannot go sideways. Is there a way out? Recruiters suggest the most likely path is networking, which is explored in Chapter 3.
Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid Base
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers acid–base disorders and discusses the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management pathway for common conditions such as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, hypernatraemia, hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, and renal tubular acidosis. In addition, hypokalaemia tubulopathies, Bartter and Gitelman syndromes, and the resulting electrolyte abnormalities are also included.
Nutrition, Safe Prescribing, and Conservative Management
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the complex pathogenesis of protein–energy wasting and malnutrition in chronic kidney disease and renal replacement therapy patients. Methods of nutritional status evaluation, protein requirements in individuals with impaired renal function and additional influence of catabolic stress and dialysis are explored. Safe prescribing in renal disease is subject to additional considerations: reduced elimination of drugs or drug metabolites, decreased effectivity, increased drug sensitivity, and side effects. The role of renal replacement therapies in removal of toxins is also covered. Conservative care encompasses the management of individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease receiving supportive care, including appropriate identification and treatment of pruritus and pain. The palliative care section covers the dying patient and symptom management in the dying phase of life for end stage renal disease patients.