bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greater wax moth control in apiaries can be improved by combining Bacillus thuringiensis and entrapments
Authors: Han Bo , Zhang Li , Geng Lili , Jia Huiru , Wang Jian , Ke Li , Li Airui , Gao Jing , Wu Tong , Lu Ying , Liu Feng , Song Huailei , Wei Xiaoping , Ma Shilong , Zhan Hongping , Wu Yanyan , Liu Yongjun , Wang Qiang , Diao Qingyun , Zhang Jie , Dai Pingli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe greater wax moth (GWM), Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a major bee pest that causes significant damage to beehives and results in economic losses. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) appears as a potential sustainable solution to control this pest. Here, we develop a novel Bt strain (designated BiotGm) that exhibits insecticidal activity against GWM larvae with a LC50 value lower than 2 μg/g, and low toxicity levels to honey bee with a LC50 = 20598.78 μg/mL for larvae and no observed adverse effect concentration = 100 μg/mL for adults. We design an entrapment method consisting of a lure for GWM larvae, BiotGm, and a trapping device that prevents bees from contacting the lure. We find that this method reduces the population of GWM larvae in both laboratory and field trials. Overall, these results provide a promising direction for the application of Bt-based biological control of GWM in beehives, although further optimization remain necessary.
Training large-scale optoelectronic neural networks with dual-neuron optical-artificial learning
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyun , Wang Yong , Xu Zhihao , Zhou Tiankuang , Fang Lu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOptoelectronic neural networks (ONN) are a promising avenue in AI computing due to their potential for parallelization, power efficiency, and speed. Diffractive neural networks, which process information by propagating encoded light through trained optical elements, have garnered interest. However, training large-scale diffractive networks faces challenges due to the computational and memory costs of optical diffraction modeling. Here, we present DANTE, a dual-neuron optical-artificial learning architecture. Optical neurons model the optical diffraction, while artificial neurons approximate the intensive optical-diffraction computations with lightweight functions. DANTE also improves convergence by employing iterative global artificial-learning steps and local optical-learning steps. In simulation experiments, DANTE successfully trains large-scale ONNs with 150 million neurons on ImageNet, previously unattainable, and accelerates training speeds significantly on the CIFAR-10 benchmark compared to single-neuron learning. In physical experiments, we develop a two-layer ONN system based on DANTE, which can effectively extract features to improve the classification of natural images.
FAIR EVA: Bringing institutional multidisciplinary repositories into the FAIR picture
Authors: Aguilar Gómez Fernando , Bernal Isabel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe FAIR Principles are a set of good practices to improve the reproducibility and quality of data in an Open Science context. Different sets of indicators have been proposed to evaluate the FAIRness of digital objects, including datasets that are usually stored in repositories or data portals. However, indicators like those proposed by the Research Data Alliance are provided from a high-level perspective that can be interpreted and they are not always realistic to particular environments like multidisciplinary repositories. This paper describes FAIR EVA, a new tool developed within the European Open Science Cloud context that is oriented to particular data management systems like open repositories, which can be customized to a specific case in a scalable and automatic environment. It aims to be adaptive enough to work for different environments, repository software and disciplines, taking into account the flexibility of the FAIR Principles. As an example, we present DIGITAL.CSIC repository as the first target of the tool, gathering the particular needs of a multidisciplinary institution as well as its institutional repository.
On the $$(k,\ell )$$-anonymity of networks via their k-metric antidimension
Authors: Fernández Elena , Kuziak Dorota , Munoz-Marquez Manuel , Yero Ismael G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work focuses on the $$(k,\ell )$$

(
k
,
ℓ
)

-anonymity of some networks as a measure of their privacy against active attacks. Two different types of networks are considered. The first one consists of graphs with a predetermined structure, namely cylinders, toruses, and 2-dimensional Hamming graphs, whereas the second one is formed by randomly generated graphs. In order to evaluate the $$(k,\ell )$$

(
k
,
ℓ
)

-anonymity of the considered graphs, we have computed their k-metric antidimension. To this end, we have taken a combinatorial approach for the graphs with a predetermined structure, whereas for randomly generated graphs we have developed an integer programming formulation and computationally tested its implementation. The results of the combinatorial approach, as well as those from the implementations indicate that, according to the $$(k,\ell )$$

(
k
,
ℓ
)

-anonymity measure, only the 2-dimensional Hamming graphs and some general random dense graphs are achieving some higher privacy properties.
Long-term safety and decrease of pill burden by tenapanor therapy: a phase 3 open-label study in hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia
Authors: Koiwa Fumihiko , Sato Yu , Ohara Meiko , Nakanishi Kaoru , Fukagawa Masafumi , Akizawa Tadao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhosphate binders (PBs) generally have a high pill burden. Tenapanor selectively inhibits sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3, reducing intestinal phosphate absorption. Tenapanor is a novel drug administered as a small tablet, twice daily. This multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 3 study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety of tenapanor and its efficacy in decreasing PB pill burden. Tenapanor 5 mg twice daily was administered to hemodialysis patients with serum phosphorus level 3.5–7.0 mg/dl at baseline; the dose could be increased up to 30 mg twice daily. Patients could also switch from PBs. The primary endpoint was safety during 52-week administration. The key secondary endpoint was a ≥ 30% reduction in the total pill number of daily PBs and tenapanor from baseline. Of 212 patients starting treatment, 154 completed the study. Diarrhea was the most frequent adverse event, occurring in 135 patients (63.7%); most events were classified as mild (74.8%). No clinically significant changes occurred other than serum phosphorus level. At Week 52/discontinuation, 158/204 patients (77.5%) achieved the key secondary endpoint. Complete switching from PBs to tenapanor was achieved in 50–76 patients (26.7%–41.5%), and 80 patients (51.9%) at Week 8–12 and Week 50, respectively. Serum phosphorus remained generally stable within the target range (3.5–6.0 mg/dl). These findings suggest the long-term safety and tolerability of tenapanor. Tenapanor could reduce or eliminate PB pill burden while controlling serum phosphorus levels.Trial registration: NCT04771780
Changes in the skin characteristics of Nellore steers during the rearing phase in hot climate pasture supplemented with protein sources
Authors: Nonato Lucimara Modesto , Ítavo Luis Carlos Vinhas , Brandão Ferreira Ítavo Camila Celeste , Longhini Vanessa Zirondi , Dias Alexandre Menezes , dos Santos Difante Gelson , de Moraes Gabriella Jorgetti , Pupin Rayane Chitolina , de Affonseca Jardim Paulo Henrique , dos Santos Viviane Maria Oliveira , Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves , Araujo Carolina Marques Costa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe hypothesized that the protein source in supplements and the insolation and ambient temperature changes in different seasons could cause changes in the skin of Nellore steers during the rearing phase on warm-climate pasture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing true protein (soybean meal) with NPN (extruded urea) in the supplement on the skin characteristics of steers grazing on Marandu grass pastures. Thirty-six Nellore steers with an average initial weight of 250.0 kg and 15 months of age were used. Skin biopsies were performed at three different times: summer, autumn, and winter. The protein source has effects on the length of the glandular portion, number of follicles, and gland area in steers during the rearing phase at different seasons of the year. In the summer, the skin presented a higher compact structure, while in the autumn and winter, the skin presented a sparser arrangement. Skin from steers that received soybean meal in supplement had a more significant number of follicles in the summer and a smaller area and length of sweat glands. The dermis thickness of steers supplemented with soybean meal was greater than that of urea supplemented. The epidermis thickness and dermis of the steers' skin were greater at the autumn (April). Sweat gland depth was greater in autumn (April) and winter (July) than in summer (December). The protein source in the supplement alters the skin characteristics by increasing of dermis thickness of Nellore steers during the growth phase. The insolation and ambient temperature changes in different seasons alter the skin structure by increasing the epidermis and dermis thickness, sweat glands depth, and glands area of the skin of steers during the growth phase.
Unravelling the secrets of lesser florican: a study of their home range and habitat use in Gujarat, India
Authors: Ram Mohan , Gadhavi Devesh , Sahu Aradhana , Srivastava Nityanand , Rather Tahir Ali , Bhatia Kapil , Jhala Lahar , Zala Yashpal , Gadhvi Indra , Modi Vidhi , Jhala Dushyantsinh , Patel Akshita , Baraiya Sneha , Devaliya Dhaval 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe home range of a species is determined by a complex interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, which can have profound impacts on the species’ resource use. Understanding these dynamics is especially important for conserving critically endangered species. In this study, we used satellite telemetry to investigate the home range of the critically endangered lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus) in Gujarat, India. We analysed GPS locations from 10 lesser floricans deployed with GPS/GSM transmitters between 2020 and 2022. The average home range size (95% KDE) was 10.73 ± 10.70 km2 (mean ± SD), while the average core area (50% KDE) was 1.95 ± 1.56 km2 (mean ± SD). The monthly and daily distances covered were 286.29 ± 599.42 km and 10.11 ± 19.78 km, respectively. Our analysis indicated that suitable habitats and movement patterns were the most important factors explaining the variation in home range size. Specifically, our results suggest that lesser floricans prefer multi-use agro-grassland habitat systems with heterogeneous structures to accommodate different life history requirements. This preference may reflect the depletion and degradation of grasslands across the species’ range. Therefore, managing grassland habitats amidst croplands should be one of the key conservation strategies for the lesser florican.
Outcomes of Ultrasound or Physical Examination-Indicated Cerclage according to the Degree of Cervical Dilation
Authors: Binsted Alyssa C. Savelli , Nehme Lea , Abuhamad Alfred Z. , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: November 2023

Objective Pregnancy outcomes of individuals receiving cervical cerclage when the cervix is dilated are not well known. We sought to examine preterm birth rates after ultrasound or physical examination-indicated cerclage placement according to the degree of cervical dilation.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of individuals with singleton pregnancies undergoing ultrasound or physical examination-indicated cerclage before 240/7 weeks of gestation from 2004 to 2018. Individuals were categorized based on the degree of cervical dilation at the time of cerclage. Our primary outcome was preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95th confidence intervals (95% CI), controlling for predefined covariates.
Results Of 147 individuals undergoing ultrasound or physical examination-indicated cerclage, 90/147 (61%) had a closed or 0.5 cm dilated cervix at the time of cerclage placement, 45/147 (31%) had a cervical dilation of 1 to 2.5 cm, and 12/147 (8%) had a cervical dilation of 3 to 4 cm at the time of placement. Individuals with a cervical dilation of 1 to 2.5 cm compared with those who had a closed cervix did not have increased odds of preterm delivery (58 vs. 42%; aOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 0.93–4.07). However, individuals with a cervical dilation of 3 to 4 cm compared with individuals who had a closed cervix had significantly increased odds of preterm delivery (75 vs. 42%; aOR: 4.33; 95% CI: 1.05–17.77).
Conclusion The rate of preterm birth increases with increasing cervical dilation at the time of cerclage placement. However, individuals who have a cerclage placed when the cervix is 1 to 2.5 cm can achieve an outcome that is not significantly different from those who had a cerclage placed when the cervix is closed.
Key Points
Free Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction: An Indian Experience
Authors: Jaffar Samreen , Jaiswal Dushyant , Shankhdhar Vinay Kant , Bindu Ameya , Mathews Saumya , Mantri Mayur , Kumar Vineet , Yadav Prabha Subhash 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background We describe our experience with use of free thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap for head and neck (H&N) cancer reconstruction, with respect to the patient and disease profile, suitable defect characteristics, the reconstructive technique, and complications.
Methods Consecutive patients (N = 26) undergoing free TDAP flap for H&N onco-reconstruction, in a single center, were included from January 2015 to December 2018 and the data were analyzed.
Results Perforator(s) were reliably predicted preoperatively, using handheld Doppler. Lateral position was comfortable for the harvest. Twenty flaps were harvested on a single perforator, more commonly musculocutaneous (n = 16). The thoracodorsal nerve and latissimus dorsi muscle could be preserved, completely in almost all cases. The skin paddle was horizontally (n = 5) or vertically (n = 21) oriented, both giving a satisfactory scar. The flap was used as a single island or two islands by de-epithelializing intervening skin. Pedicle length was sufficient in all cases. Four cases were explored for suspected venous insufficiency. Two had thrombosis, of which one was salvaged, while the other necrosed. One flap had minimal partial necrosis, which was managed with secondary suturing. The 5-year follow-up showed good oral competence, mouth opening, and cosmetic satisfaction among patients.
Conclusion TDAP flap provides all the advantages of a perforator-based free flap and of back as a donor site with close color match to the face, relatively hairless, and thickness in between the thigh and the forearm. It can be a useful tool to provide an ideal functional and aesthetic outcome, with a hidden donor site and minimal donor site morbidity in selected cases.
Peoples of the Covenant
Authors: Smith Anthony D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The belief in ethnic election was developed in various ways by different communities across the ages, and covered a wide range of ideas and concerns. Some of them adhered, more or less strictly, to the prototypical elements of divine choice, promise, collective sanctification, conditional privilege, witness, and sacred law. In other cases, these elements are attenuated or altered, and other ideas are grafted onto the original beliefs. In this chapter, I shall look at four covenanted peoples-the medieval Gregorian Armenians and Amharic Ethiopians, and the modern Afrikaners and Zionist Jews. In the next chapter, I consider a wider field of ‘missionary’ chosen peoples within the monotheistic traditions. In Christian doctrine, closeness is transferred from a particular ethnic community to the universal Church of believers, verus Israel.Yet, in historical fact, we often find some tension between this universalism and the profession of Christian faith and practice of particular communities. Such was the case of Armenia from the fourth century. Despite many attempts by the Gregorian Apostolic Church to convert the heathen, and with considerable success, the Armenian kingdom’s geographical location and political circumstance, between Sasanid
Morality without the Idea that Humans are Special
Authors: Rachels James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IF the idea of human dignity is abandoned, what sort of moral view should be adopted in its place? This is not an easy question. Like Asa Gray, we are pulled in one way by the thought that we are kin to the animals, but we are pulled in a different direction by the conviction that, when all is said and done, we remain quite different from them. Anyone who attempts to formulate an adequate post-Darwinian ethic must feel this tension. The conflicting pulls are evident in the remarks of the distinguished evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr:
The shockwaves of the ‘dethroning’ of man have not yet abated. Depriving man of his privileged position, necessitated by the theory of common descent, was the first Darwinian revolution. Like most revolutions, it went at first too far, as reflected in the claim made by some extremists that man is ‘nothing but’ an animal. This is, of course, not true. To be sure, man is, zoologically speaking, an animal. Yet, he is a unique animal, differing from all others in so many fundamental ways that a separate science for man is well-justified. When recognizing this, one must not forget in how many, often unsuspected, ways man reveals his ancestry. At the same time, man’s uniqueness justifies, up to a point, a man directed value system and man-centered ethics. In this sense a severely modified anthropocentrism continues to be legitimate.
Economic aspects of the production and use of pharmaceuticals: evidence and gaps in research
Authors: Foster Susan D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most developing countries do not have enough of the right drugs in the right places to meet the health needs of their populations. A WHO report estimated that some 2 billion people, nearly half the world’s population, have no access to even essential basic drugs (WHO 1988a). The problem is as much one of poor economic and political choices as one of scarcity. Most countries are already spending significant amounts on drugs; but for a number of reasons the shortages persist. That the issue of pharmaceuticals has become highly politicized is not surprising, given that the international market for pharmaceuticals was estimated to be worth $100 billion in 1987, and the pharmaceutical industry is one of the world’s most profitable (Wyke 1987). Political considerations often spill over into the economics of pharmaceuticals, and economic analysis is often pressed into the service of political or commercial interests, or used to defend a point of view. The characteristics of the research are sometimes closely linked to the source of its financing. Interest groups which have a stake in any move towards more rational use of drugs in developing countries include the government and ministry of health; the medical profession; the political é lite; the pharmaceutical industry; and the industrialized countries (Yudkin 1980).
Encouraging efficiency through programme and functional budgeting: lessons from experience in Ghana and The Gambia
Authors: Issaka-Tinorgah Abdulai , Waddington Catriona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Encouraging health services to operate more efficiently lies at the heart of health economics. Thus efficiency has been a recurring theme in this volume. In the absence of competitive markets for health care − and hence in the absence of prices acting as signals for efficient behaviour − institutional procedures determine the extent to which efficient resource-allocation occurs. If they are to behave efficiently, decision-makers ideally need a reliable flow of information about the costs and benefits of health programmes. Planners and managers should combine data on health needs and the effectiveness of alternative interventions with the relevant cost profiles. In reality, this link between benefits and costs − in effect between the objectives of plans and accounts information − is often absent.
Smoking habits: by social class
Authors: Wald Nicholas , Nicolaides-Bouman Ans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This section is concerned with current smokers only. Information on ex-smokers and persons who have never smoked, classified according to social class, is given in Section 6. Details of the TAC classification by social class, and the GHS classification by socio¬ economic group are given on page xxxi. In the text, little mention is made of trends in smoking habits among men and women in social class VI (TAC data), whose members are described as unoccupied (including for example, persons unemployed for more than two months, married women with unemployed husbands, and divorcees and widows with no occupation). Social class VI is therefore a heterogenous group, and the composition of its members is likely to have changed during the period of the surveys. It cannot appropriately be considered in the social classes I to V ‘gradient’ described below.
Age at starting to smoke
Authors: Wald Nicholas , Nicolaides-Bouman Ans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Data on age at starting to smoke are available from surveys commissioned by the TAC between 1965 and 1987. Data are available for men and women for all ages combined; they are also stratified according to age at the time of the survey. In the tabulations the data relate to all persons who have ever smoked any form of tobacco, and therefore include ex-smokers as well as current smokers at the time of the survey.
Tobacco tax and price
Authors: Wald Nicholas , Nicolaides-Bouman Ans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This section contains tables of the rates of duty on tobacco, and total receipts from duty and taxes on tobacco from 1900 to 1988. Duties on tobacco appeared on the statute book in 1660; preferential rates were allowed to the Colonies and, after 1787, to the United States of America as well. In 1789 the duties were subdivided into two portions, Customs and Excise. In 1825 the Customs and Excise duties were consolidated into a single Customs duty, and the following year the differential duty on foreign tobacco was abolished. No distinction was made between raw and manufactured tobacco until 1823, when foreign cigars and manufactured tobacco were dutied separately. From 1863 the rate for raw tobacco was graduated according to the moisture content. From 1904, imported manufactured cigarettes were rated for duty separately.
Basic information on health system performance
Authors: Cumper George E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a common complaint among health planners and administrators concerned with developing countries that their job is made difficult or (in pessimistic moods) impossible by lack of information. There is something of a paradox here; for the volume and range of data collected by the health authorities and other national agencies is often enormous. In Jamaica, for example, the administrative process gathers data, for all or part of the system, under the following heads: