bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding between care providers and patients with stroke and aphasia: a phenomenological hermeneutic inquiry
Authors: Sundin Karin , Jansson Lilian , Norberg Astrid 
Published: March 2003

Understanding between care providers and patients with stroke and aphasia: a phenomenological hermeneutic inquiryThe present study illuminates the understanding in communication between formal care providers and patients with stroke and aphasia. Five care providers and three such patients participated in the study. Video recordings were made during conversations about pictures (n = 15), and the care providers were also interviewed (n = 15) after the video‐recorded conversations. A phenomenological hermeneutic method of interpretation of the interview text was used. The findings showed that a range of conditions for ‘understanding and being understood’ in the communication on the part of the care providers exists. These different conditions are:lackingboth knowledge and understanding;havingknowledge but not necessarily accompanied by understanding; andbeingin understanding. Within the condition ‘being in understanding’, the care providers create a feeling of at‐homeness in a relaxed atmosphere and thus have the opportunity to be in ‘understanding and being understood’ together with the patient. The condition ‘being in understanding’ appears in connection with the care providers’ creating of a ‘calm liturgy of caring’ by mediating humility and calm vitality affects to the patients, and further, when needed, being present on the level of mystery, i.e. caring communion.
Comorbidity of depression among physically ill patients and its effect on the length of hospital stay
Authors: Hosaka Takashi , Aoki Takayuki , Watanabe Toshiyuki , Okuyama Toru , Kurosawa Hisashi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was carried out to demonstrate the prevalence of depression among physically ill patients and to investigate its effects on the length of hospital stay. Out of 65 inpatients (44 male, 21 female; 51 with benign and 14 with malignant diseases), 14 (21.5%) met the criteria for major depression in the DSM‐IV. The average length of hospital stay was compared according to the comorbidity with major depression. Among the patients with benign diseases, those with major depression stayed longer (P < 0.05) at the hospital than those without it (82.2 vs 36.0 days). Likewise, among the cancer patients, those with major depression stayed longer than those without it (83.8 vs 51.4 days), although this was not significantly different. The duration of hospitalization needs to be shortened because of the reduction in national medical costs, the economics of hospital administration and the quality of life of patients and their families. Further research is needed to demonstrate the role of consultation–liaison psychiatry in the shortening of hospitalization.
Factors responsible for the prolongation of school refusal
Authors: Okuyama Mizuho , Okada Motohiro , Kuribayashi Michito , Kaneko Sunao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo hundred and one school refusers (≤18 years old), excluding schizophrenia, were treated at the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Hospital between April 1975 and March 1995. Of 56 cases of school refusal, 31 did not improve for more than 2 years (group P), and 25 cases had improved in the degree of school refusal and social impairment (group B). The remaining cases were excluded from the analysis for several reasons. There was no significant difference between groups B and P in age at the first psychiatric evaluation as well as the age of onset of school refusal. The duration from school absence to the first evaluation of group P was significantly longer than that of group B. The duration of school refusal significantly and positively correlated with the duration from school absence to the first evaluation. Introversion and nervousness prolonged the duration of school refusal. The non‐presence of volition for school attendance, and a low frequency of school attendance during the 1 month prior to the first evaluation influenced the prolongation of school refusal. The ‘duration from school absence to the first evaluation’, the ‘patient’s character’, the ‘non‐presence of volition for school attendance’ and the ‘frequency of school attendance’ influenced the prolongation of school refusal. The introduction of treatment within 10 months of the onset of school refusal is an important factor in preventing the prolongation of the school refusal.
Changes in limbic dopamine metabolism following quinolinic acid lesions of the left entorhinal cortex in rats
Authors: Kurachi Masayoshi , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Shibata Ryoko , Sun Yue‐Ji , Uehara Takshi , Tanii Yasuyuki , Suzuki Michio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo examine the effects of lesions of the entorhinal cortex on limbic dopamine (DA) metabolism, DA and its metabolites were assayed in five brain regions (the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate‐putamen, accumbens nucleus, and lateral amygdala), 14 and 28 days after quinolinic acid or sham lesions of the left entorhinal cortex in rats. Concentrations of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) on day 14 in the medial prefrontal cortex, accumbens nucleus, and lateral amygdala of the entorhinal cortex lesioned animals were significantly decreased compared with the controls, but they returned to control levels on day 28. The concentration of DA in the lateral amygdala and spontaneous locomotion to a novel environment were significantly increased on day 28 after the lesion. These results suggest that entorhinal cortex lesions alter mesolimbic dopamine metabolism, particularly in the amygdala.
Adolescent hyperactivity and general psychopathology
Authors: Chang Hsueh‐Ling , Chuang Hung‐Yi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between activity and psychopathology in adolescents. A total of 289 high school students completed the Symptom Check List‐90‐R (SCL‐90‐R) and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) in December 1998. The WURS was used to measure the students’ activity level and the SCL‐90‐R was used as a measure of general psychopathology. Forty‐one students (14.18%) scored higher than 46, the cut‐off point for differentiation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from the general population according to Ward’s report, in the WURS (WURS(+)). The WURS(+) students scored significantly higher than the WURS(–) students in all the subscales of SCL‐90‐R. The prevalence rate of adolescent WURS(+) in this study is 14.18%. This result shows that ADHD adolescents have overlapping symptoms with depression.
Relative power contributions of unit discharges simultaneously recorded in the mesencephalic reticular formation
Authors: Kodama Tohru , Honda Yoshiko , Nakao Mitsuyuki , Sato Seisho , Yamamoto Mitsuaki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to investigate mutual interactions between neuronal discharges in the mesencepahlic reticular formation, relative power contributions (RPC) were estimated during sleep–wake cycles and serotonin (5HT)‐depleted conditions by the administration of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA). The RPC for most of the neurons dominated in the lower frequency range below 0.4 Hz during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and the PCPA‐treated conditions, which were qualitatively reproduced by the neural network model under global disinhibition. The results supported the hypothesis that the peculiar dynamics of neuronal activities during REM sleep, 1/f fluctuations, were generated by neuronal interactions augmented by the release from the global inhibition of 5HT.
Development and application of the ‘Sleep Ukiha’ automated sleep analysis system
Authors: Shirakawa Shinichiro , Uchimura Naohisa , Tanaka Junji , Sakamoto Tetsuro , Satomura Takeshi , Tsutsumi Yasumasa , Kotorii Tsuyoshi , Maeda Hisao , Kuwahara Hiroo 
Published: March 2003

AbstrastWe attempted to develop an automated sleep analysis system that uses a personal computer as an aid to the entire sleep research process. Analysis is based on electroencephalogram, chin muscle electromyogram and electrooculography, while other physiological phenomena can be handled arbitrarily. Major characteristics of the system include: (i) simultaneous gathering of physiological phenomena from up to three patients; (ii) high‐speed waveform analysis; (iii) user‐friendly operating environment through the use of a graphical user interface; and (iv) versatile utilization of analytical data in research.
Sleep problems in Japanese industrial workers
Authors: Inoue Yuichi , Hiroe Yu , Nishida Masahiro , Shirakawa Shuichiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to investigate the prevalence of a disordered condition due to shift work (DCSW) and the influence of sleep disorders on the performance of working and driving, a preliminary questionnaire was conducted on industrial workers. Among 332 shift workers, 110 (33.1%) were found to suffer from DCSW. Subjects with DCSW were found to be working shorter periods in shift work than were subjects without DCSW. The rate of sleepiness‐related troubles while driving and working were highest in the subjects with probable hypersomnia. This finding encourages the need for early diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders among industrial workers.
Effects of bright light pre‐exposure on sleep onset process
Authors: Komada Yoko , Tanaka Hideki , Yamamoto Yukari , Shirakawa Shuichiro , Yamazaki Katuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study investigated the effects on the sleep onset process of enhanced cerebral cortex activity caused by bright light pre‐exposure. Seven healthy young adults were exposed for 40 min before sleep onset, 2500 lx of bright light and 10 lx of dim light. Other factors that affect sleep onset (e.g. circadian phase) were experimentally controlled. Five stages of hypnagogic electroencephalogram (EEG) were scored. The latency of each EEG stage was longer at bright light than at dim light conditions, suggesting that activation of brain activity by bright light pre‐exposure strongly regulates the sleep onset process.
Effect of short duration morning bright light in elderly men: Sleep structure
Authors: Kohsaka Masako , Fukuda Noriko , Kobayashi Riko , Honma Hiroshi , Sakakibara Satoshi , Koyama Emi , Nakano Toshio , Matsubara Hozumi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSleep structure was measured in five healthy elderly men in their homes. The subjects were exposed to bright light (6000 lx) for 30 min in the morning or instructed to sit in front of a desktop lighting device without light. Relative to the control conditions, bright light exposure significantly decreased time in bed and the number of awakenings. Rapid eye movement sleep was significantly fragmented by stage 1 sleep in the control condition compared with the bright light condition. These findings indicate that a short duration of morning bright light changes sleep structure and is effective in maintaining sleep.
Clinical significance of cataplexy and HLADR1501 in narcolepsy
Authors: INOUE YUICHI , HONDA YUTAKA , TAKAHASHI YASURO , NANBA KAZUYOSHI , ISHII AYANO , SAITOU KAORI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractClinical symptoms and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) measures among narcoleptic patients with both cataplexy and HLADR1501 were compared with cataplexy‐free narcoleptic patients with a positive finding of HLADR1501 and cataplexy‐free patients without HLADR1501. Both mean sleep onset latencies and rapid eye movement (REM) latencies on MSLT were shorter in the patients with cataplexy compared with the cataplexy‐free patients. In four cataplexy‐free patients without HLADR1501, nocturnal sleep was remarkably long and their excessive daytime sleepiness did not respond to treatment. The findings suggest that the severity and disease mechanism of narcolepsy might become heterogenous when cataplexy and HLADR1501 are considered.
Mental health issues of peacekeeping workers
Authors: SHIGEMURA JUN , NOMURA SOICHIRO 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe end of the Cold War has brought a dramatic change to the international political situation and the role of the United Nations peacekeeping operations (PKO) has drawn increased attention. While many reports on PKO have focused on political or sociologic considerations, the mental health of the peacekeepers themselves has received little attention and psychiatric problems that can have a negative impact on mission success have been largely ignored. Participation in PKO creates a number of stressors and serious psychiatric and/or physical disorders may result. Yet, there is little research on this topic, either domestically or globally, and the methodology for clinical intervention remains in an early stage of development. We have reviewed previous reports to determine how various stressors before, during and after deployment affect the participants. Research in associated fields (e.g. crisis workers and military personnel) are also reviewed and their application to peacekeeping psychiatry is discussed. It must be admitted that the significance of PKO is arguable and each PKO is unique in terms of the nature of its mission and the local situation. Yet, the relationship between the psychiatric status of the personnel and the characteristics of an individual mission has never been studied. At present, no clear consensus regarding a framework for psychiatric intervention exists. Studies that enhance the recognition and significance of peacekeeping psychiatry are likely to improve the efficacy of PKO.
Concordance between self‐ and observer‐ratings on Kasahara's Inventory for the Melancholic Type Personality
Authors: UEKI HIROFUMI , HOLZAPFEL CHRISTIAN , WASHINO KAEI , INOUE MASATO , OGAWA NAOSHI , FURUKAWA TOSHIAKI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe concordance between self‐ and observer‐ratings was investigated for items on Kasahara's Inventory for the Melancholic Type Personality (KIMTP). Subjects consisted of 44 patients diagnosed with an ICD‐10 diagnostic criteria for research (DCR) depressive episode (F32) or recurrent depressive disorder (F33) unipolar affective disorder, and 44 observers. Thirty‐one of the 44 patients were diagnosed with endogenous depression. The observers consisted of five parents, eight children, thre siblings, 25 spouses, and three partners. Concordance was tested with Student's paired t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance intraclass correlation coefficient (ANOVA ICC). There was no statistical difference between the mean total self‐rating score and the mean total observer‐rating score in the endogenous depression group, but the mean total self‐rating score was significantly higher than the mean total observer‐rating score in the non‐endogenous depression group. When the self and observer tests in this non‐endogenous depression group were compared on an item‐by‐item basis, most items tended to receive higher scores from the self‐raters than from the observer‐raters. The ICC had good concordance for mean total self‐ and observer‐ratings in the endogenous depression group but not the non‐endogenous depression group. On an item‐by‐item basis, concordance was high between self‐ and observer‐raters for more items in the endogenous depression group than in the non‐endogenous depression group. There were some important differences between self‐ and observer‐ratings for certain items in the non‐endogenous depression group. Patients in this group tended to give higher scores to items representing Typus melancholicus in relation to scores given by observers.
Decreased serum albumin levels in Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: HUANG TIAO‐LAI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrevious papers have reported lower serum albumin levels in patients with schizophrenia. In the present study, the relationships between serum albumin levels and subtypes of schizophrenia, physical violence and suicide attempts were investigated. A review of medical charts over a 1‐year period was carried out in a population of 213 Taiwanese psychiatric inpatients that included 106 patients with schizophrenia. The collected data included age, bodyweight, height, serum albumin levels and routine blood biochemistry examinations. These data were compared with data from a healthy control group (n = 32) composed of staff members using analysis of covariance after age adjustment. The statistical results showed significantly lower serum albumin levels in patients with schizophrenia in the acute phase than in the control group. However, no significant differences in serum albumin levels were found between paranoid and non‐paranoid schizophrenic patients, between patients who had or had not exhibited physical violence, or between patients who had or had not made a suicide attempt.
Electrophysiological correlates of personality dimensions measured by Temperament and Character Inventory
Authors: KIM MYUNG‐SUN , CHO SANG‐SOO , KANG KYUNG‐WHUN , HWANG JOO‐LEE , KWON JUN SOO 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present exploratory study was attempted to investigate the relationship between components of event‐related potential (ERP) and Cloninger's personality dimensions. The ERP was measured using the auditory oddball paradigm, and personality was evaluated by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 25 healthy subjects. The results showed that P300 amplitude at Fz was significantly associated with reward dependence, and that P300 latency was positively correlated with persistence, and negatively correlated with novelty seeking. No correlations were found between N100, P200 and personality dimensions. These results indicate that personality dimension is related to information‐processing in the brain. The neurobiological and psychological aspects of personality, which may relate to the P300 were considered.
Activation of the TCL1 protein in B cell lymphomas
Authors: Nakayama Ichiro , Murao Shinichi , Kitazawa Sohei , Azumi Atsushi , Yamamoto Misao , Maeda Sakan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe TCL1 gene, localized near the break point of chromosome 14q32.1 often involved in T cell leukemias, is also expressed in normal precursor T and B cells, and B cell lymphoma cell lines. We investigated the expression of the TCL1 protein in various types of B cell lymphomas according to the Revised European–American Classification of Lymphoid neoplasms. Paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of lymphoma specimens were subjected to TCL1 immunohistochemistry, and positivity was scored on a three‐tiered scale: – (< 25% cells), + (25–50% cells), and ++ (> 50% cells). The TCL1 protein was expressed in low‐grade B cell lymphomas including mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue type in ocular adnexa (18/20, 90%). It was also expressed in follicular, lymphoplasmacytic, and mantle cell lymphoma, but not in high‐grade diffuse large B cell lymphoma (2/11, 18%). These data suggest that the expression of the TCL1 gene characterizes low‐grade B cell lymphomas, and may be involved in certain processes of lymphomatogenesis.
Adrenal rest tumor of the liver: A case report with immunohistochemical investigation of steroidogenesis
Authors: Arai Kazumori , Muro Hiroyuki , Suzuki Makoto , Oba Noriyuki , Ito Kazuki , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of adrenal rest tumor arising in the liver of a 62‐year‐old male with chronic hepatitis type C is reported. The tumor was clinically non‐functioning and required distinction from hepatocellular carcinoma. The yellowish–brown tumor measured 25 × 18 × 15 mm and was located in the subcapsular portion of the right hepatic lobe. Histologically, the tumor presented features similar to those of the adrenal cortex and was predominantly composed of pale cells. Electron micrograph revealed lipid droplets and mitochondria with tubulo–vesicular cristae, consistent with the characteristics of steroid‐producing cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor expressed the adrenal 4 binding protein and a number of enzymes involved in the synthesis of adrenocortical steroids. At surgery, the right adrenal gland was present independently from the liver. This hepatic tumor was considered to be an adrenal rest tumor with steroidogenic capability.
Little divergence in ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer ‐1 and ‐2 sequences among non‐digitate species of Laminaria (Phaeophyceae) from Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yotsukura Norishige , Denboh Takashi , Motomura Taizo , Horiguchi Takeo , Coleman Annette W. , Ichimura Terunobu 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS‐1 and ITS‐2) sequences were determined for 10 of 12 Japanese non‐digitate Laminaria species, Kjell‐maniella gyrata (Kjellman) Miyabe, Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders, Alaria praelonga Kjellman and Chorda filum (L.) Stackhouse collected at Hokkaido. Phyloge‐netic analyses (maximum parsimony and distance matrix) of these sequences, including published data for L. sac‐charina (L.) Lamouroux from Canada, showed strong nucleotide conservation among these species of Laminaria, but two phylogenetically distinct species groups were recognized. A L. japonica group encompassing L. yapon/ca Areschoug, L. religiosa Miyabe, L. ochotensis Miyabe, L. diabolica Miyabe, L. longipedalis Okamura, L. angustata Kjellman and L. longissima Miyabe; and a L. saccharina group including L. coriacea Miyabe, L. sac‐charina, L. cichorioides Miyabe and L. yendoana Miyabe. As to other laminarialean genera, Kjellmaniella gyrata was most closely related to the genus Laminaria, being related to the second Laminaria species group based on both parsimony and distant tree values.
Characterization of N‐methyl‐L‐methionine sulfoxide and isethionic acid from the red algaGrateloupia doryphora
Authors: Simon‐Colin Christelle , Kervarec Nelly , Pichon Roger , Bessières Marie‐Anne , Deslandes Eric 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYIsethionic acid (2‐hydroxyethane sulfonic acid) and N‐methyl‐L‐methionine sulfoxide (4‐methane sulfinyl‐2‐methylamino butyric acid) were isolated from the red algaGrateloupia doryphora(Cryptonemiales) collected from Brittany (France); they were identified as major organic solutes together with floridoside (α‐D‐galacto‐pyranosyl‐(1–2)‐glycerol). The presence of isethionic acid has recently been reported in certain red algae, however, the occurrence of N‐methyl‐L‐methionine sulfoxide is still very rare. This report deals with the first isolation of isethionic acid and N‐methyl‐L‐methionine sulfoxide fromG. doryphoraand their subsequent NMR characterization.
Recent advances in the management of pleural sepsis: What is the evidence?
Authors: Lim Tk 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe management of pleural sepsis involves early diagnosis, administration of appropriate antibiotics, recognition of poor prognostic features and timely intervention to drain the infected pleural space. Important recent advances in the management of pleural sepsis include better imaging techniques, the use of flexible image‐guided drainage catheters, adjunctive intrapleural thrombolytic therapy and the introduction of interventional thorascopy. These advances have been augmented, in the past year, by results from prospective controlled studies comparing different therapeutic options. This review describes an evidence‐based approach to the management of pleural sepsis which incorporates recent therapeutic advances.