bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Study on cold rolling process of 5B02 aluminum alloy tubes
Authors: Yu Zhenghang , Wang Yushan , Xiu Wei , Wang Yabao , Li Bao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Taking the rolling of 5B02 aluminum alloy tubes in Pilger LG50 mill as an example, the finite element analysis of the tube rolling process was carried out by using ABAQUS software. The effects of rolling speed, rotary angle and feeding amount on the inner wall stress of the tubing and the dimensional accuracy and ellipticity of the finishing section in the forming process of Pilger rolling of 5B02 aluminum alloy tubes were investigated through the orthogonal test. The optimal process parameters were preferably selected for the experimental validation. The results show that the stresses in the inner wall of the wall-reduced section of the billet are the highest during the whole rolling process. The average stresses in the inner wall of the reduced wall section of the billet are in the following order: feed>rotary angle>rolling speed. The feed and rolling speed have a greater influence on the dimensional accuracy and ovality of the finishing section. Excessive rotary angle can lead to grid distortion in the reduced-wall section of the billet. The 5B02 aluminum alloy tubes rolled at a rolling speed of 1989mm/s, a rotary angle of 57°, and a feed of 2.5mm meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy, internal surface quality, and metallurgical structure, and improve production efficiency.
Study on Rheological Squeeze Casting Process of Ultra-high Strength Al-11Zn-1.8Mg-0.9Cu-0.15Zr-0.15Sc Alloy
Authors: Zijing Wang , Zhifeng Zhang , Yongtao Xu , Purui Zhao , Yabao Wang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
7xxx series Al alloys with excellent mechanical properties are widely applied in aerospace, automotive, and defense industries. However, the casting performance of the alloy is relatively poor, and defects such as shrinkage porosity and thermal cracking are easy to occur during the solidification process. In this study, Al-11Zn-1.8Mg-0.9Cu-0.15Zr-0.15Sc alloy with excellent casting and strength performance developed by our research group, was studied by combining numerical simulation with experimental research. The simulation results show that hot joints appear in the thick wall of the wheel parts as the melt temperature increases. The increase of mold temperature and the decrease of squeeze pressure lead to the increase of the existence time of hot joints, which will aggravate the shrinkage and micro-segregation of castings. The experimental results show that electromagnetic stirring melt treatment can significantly improve melt uniformity, refine grain, and a wheel-shaped part with high performance can be obtained when the melt temperature, the mold temperature, the squeeze pressure are chosen as 660 °C, 200 °C, 50MPa, respectively.
Influence of laser printing mode on thermal behaviors, forming characteristics, and microstructure evolutions of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Wang Rui , Du Chengchao , Kan Xinfeng , Chen Chao , Jiang Xiaowei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ti6Al4V parts fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology have been widely used in such fields as aerospace, automotive and medical implants. This study investigates the effect of laser scanning modes on thermal behaviors, forming characteristics, and microstructural evolutions of LPBF-fabricated Ti6Al4V parts. The numerical simulations on the temperature field provide a theoretical explanation of various surface morphologies, surface roughness values and relative densities of samples. The rotation between adjacent layers diminishes the large directional thermal stress generated by X scanning or Y scanning, the Ti6Al4V samples using XY scanning and Island scanning present smooth surface and higher relative density (> 99.0%). The observed staggered martensite within the columnar β grains is due to the epitaxial solidification across the deposited layers with 90° or 37° rotation. The martensite growth of LPBF-processed Ti6Al4V components using X scanning has a similar inclination along the building direction and presents anisotropic characteristics. These findings provide new inspirations for achieving high-performance titanium alloy components with specific microstructure by LPBF technique using a proper laser scanning mode.
Serial powering characterisation for the CMS Inner Tracker at the High Luminosity LHC
Authors: Ceccarelli Rudy ,   the CMS Tracker group
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The CMS tracking system will be completely replaced in order to operate in the extreme
conditions of the High Luminosity LHC. The new tracker will consist of two main subdetectors: the
Inner Tracker, containing pixel modules, and the Outer Tracker, consisting of strip and
macro-pixel modules. In the Inner Tracker, silicon sensors will be read out by the CMS Readout
Chip (CROC). The chip, built in 65 nm CMOS technology, is able to withstand high radiation doses
(500 Mrad) and hit rates (3 GHz/cm2 on the innermost tracking layer) during
operation. Moreover, it must handle a fine sensor granularity (2500 µm2
pixels) and operate at low detection thresholds (1000 e-). The Inner Tracker will
make use of the serial powering scheme to provide the ∼60 kW required by ∼4000
modular units. The Shunt-LDO (SLDO) regulator is the part of the CROC responsible for providing
the power by draining a constant current in time, independently of the chip power consumption.
Tests performed with Single Chip Cards (SCC) in serial configurations are reported in this paper.
Nighttime heat waves in the Euro-Mediterranean region: definition, characterisation, and seasonal prediction
Authors: Torralba Verónica , Materia Stefano , Cavicchia Leone , Carmen Álvarez-Castro M , Prodhomme Chloé , McAdam Ronan , Scoccimarro Enrico , Gualdi Silvio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The combined effect of above-normal nighttime temperatures with high humidity poses a high risk to human health by impeding the body’s recovery from daytime heat exposure. Seasonal predictions of nighttime heat waves (NHWs) can help to better anticipate these episodes and reduce their social and economic impacts. However, the ability of the seasonal forecast systems to predict NHWs has not been explored yet. This work investigates the potential of four seasonal forecasting systems and a multi-model (MM) ensemble to provide useful information on the frequency and magnitude of the NHWs in the Euro-Mediterranean region during the boreal summer season. The analysis employs a modified version of the heat wave magnitude index (HWMI) to evaluate the NHWs. Our results demonstrate for the first time that this index is an optimal choice for the seasonal prediction analysis as it is invariant to the mean biases and provides an integrated view of the NHWs for the entire season. In addition, the percentage of days in a season with temperatures exceeding the 90th percentile (NDQ90) has been used to assess the NHWs’ seasonal frequency. Different proxies for the assessment of NHWs have been considered: apparent temperature at night (ATn, computed from temperature and humidity at night), mean temperature at night, and daily minimum temperature. All these proxies are valid for the assessment of the NHWs, but ATn is more informative about the stress on human health since it includes the impact of humidity. This work has revealed that state-of-the-art seasonal forecast systems can represent the interannual variability of both HWMI and NDQ90 in Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, but they show limitations in Northern Europe. The predictive capabilities of the seasonal forecasts in specific regions demonstrate the potential of these predictions for the effective management of the risks associated with summer NHWs.
Mass of quantum topological excitations and order parameter finite size dependence
Authors: Delfino Gesualdo , Sorba Marianna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider the spontaneously broken regime of the O(n) vector model in

d
=
n
+
1

space-time dimensions, with boundary conditions enforcing the presence of a topological defect line. Comparing theory and finite size dependence of one-point functions observed in recent numerical simulations we argue that the mass of the underlying topological quantum particle becomes infinite when

d
⩾
4

.
Terahertz bi-functional polarization converter based on interference mechanism supported by diatomic metasurfaces
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Wenhui , Xu Hang , Song Chunyu , Tan Qi , Yao Jianquan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Polarization manipulation based on the Jones matrix facilitates the enhancement of light-matter interactions. Recently, arbitrarily tailorable polarization states generated with the assistance of a diatomic metasurface effectively reduce the complexity of the system. Nevertheless, a single polarization switching behavior hinders the application of meta-platforms in cryptographic imaging. Here, we theoretically propose and design a single-layer diatomic all-dielectric metasurface working in the terahertz band, which can efficiently realize bi-functional polarization switching according to the Jones matrix. Such a meta-platform is assembled from two anisotropic silicon pillars with carefully optimized lateral dimensions and in-plane twist angles. Benefiting from the flexible assembly of half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate, the polarization states generated by the constructed metasurfaces in the transmission mode can be arbitrarily tailored. The feasibility of this diatomic metasurface is further validated by a broadband near-field imaging device, paving the way for broader system applications in cryptographic imaging, data storage, and chiral sensing.
Graphene Roadmap Briefs (No. 3): meta-market analysis 2023
Authors: Schmaltz Thomas , Wormer Lorenzo , Schmoch Ulrich , Döscher Henning 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Graphene and related materials (GRMs) promise ample application potential throughout numerous industries. A dedicated graphene market gradually forms around emerging suppliers aspiring to satisfy future demands. Its growth critically depends on the interplay of supply stream maturation and initial utilizations to drive the demand. The present issue of Graphene Roadmap Briefs provides quantitative insights into the current state and future development of the emerging graphene market. We aggregate the underlying expectations and projections from commercial market reports and critically discuss the results. Established science and technology metrics complement our analyses and provide deeper insights into the global market landscape and key actors. In particular, we resolve composites, batteries, and electronics as major application areas likely to drive the overall development of the graphene market towards mass production.

About: Graphene Roadmap Briefs

Graphene Roadmap Briefs highlight key innovation areas impacted by graphene and related materials (GRMs) as well as overarching aspects of GRM innovation status and prospects. The series bases on the evolving technology and innovation roadmap process initiated by the European Graphene Flagship. It covers crucial innovation trends beyond fundamental scientific discovery and applied research on GRM utilization opportunities.
Synthesis, characterization, and swelling properties of a novel tapioca-g-Poly(Acrylic acid−2−acrylamido−2−methylpropane sulfonic acid)/ammonium polyphosphate superabsorbent polymer
Authors: Vo Ngoc Binh , Tran Thi Yen , Nguyen Le Thanh Hang , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Nguyen Van Tuyen , Ngo Quoc Anh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, a novel superabsorbent polymer tapioca starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)/ammonium polyphosphate (TS-g-AA-AMPS/APP) was synthesized based on the graft copolymerization of tapioca starch (TS) with acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) via free radical polymerization in aqueous solution with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) additive added for study. The synthesized superabsorbent polymer material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Research investigating the material synthesis conditions to absorbance in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution has also been studied. Under optimal synthesis conditions, the absorbance in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution were 416 g g−1 and 61 g g−1, respectively, for the sample with 3 wt% APP content. The introduction of APP units has improved the absorption properties of the material such as the water retention capacity reaching 55.25% in 10 h at 60 °C. TS-AA-AMPS/APP exhibits reversible swelling ability, with the swelling level not being reduced compared to the initial after 5 swelling-drying cycles at 60 °C, and water absorption reaches swelling equilibrium after about 270 min. Additionally, TGA thermogravimetric analysis results showed an improvement in the thermal stability of TS-AA-AMPS/APP compared to the pure polymer. These results show that the TS-AA-AMPS/APP polymer with excellent swelling properties, low production cost, and environmentally friendly has the potential for practical applications in agriculture, gardening, and water retention materials.
Utilizing MODIS remote sensing and integrated data for forest fire spread modeling in the southwest region of Canada
Authors: Dastour Hatef , Hassan Quazi K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Accurate prediction of fire spread is considered crucial for facilitating effective fire management, enabling proactive planning, and efficient allocation of resources. This study places its focus on wildfires in two regions of Alberta, Fort McMurray and Slave Lake, in Southwest Canada. For the simulation of wildfire spread, an adapted fire propagation model was employed, incorporating MODIS datasets such as land surface temperature, land cover, land use, and integrated climate data. The pixels were classified as burned or unburned in relation to the 2011 Slave Lake wildfire and the initial 16 days of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire, utilizing defined starting points and the aforementioned specified datasets. The simulation for the 2011 Slave Lake wildfire achieved an weighted average precision, recall, and f1-scores of 0.989, 0.986, and 0.987, respectively. Additionally, macro-averaged scores across these three phases were 0.735, 0.829, and 0.774 for precision, recall, and F1-scores, respectively. The simulation of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire introduced a phased analysis, dividing the initial 16 days into three distinct periods. This approach led to average precision, recall, and f1-scores of 0.958, 0.933, and 0.942 across these phases. Additionally, macro-averaged scores across these three phases were 0.681, 0.772, and 0.710 for precision, recall, and F1-scores, respectively. The strategy of segmenting simulations into phases may enhance adaptability to dynamic factors like weather conditions and firefighting strategies.
A comparative analysis of accelerating humid and dry heat stress in India
Authors: Sojan Jency Maria , Srinivasan Jayaraman 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Extreme humid heat stress poses distinct challenges to human health and productivity that cannot be mitigated solely by heat action plans designed for dry heat stress. This study investigates the trends in extreme heat stress, differentiating between dry and moist heat, in India from 1943 to 2022 using the high-resolution hourly ERA5 reanalysis data. The analysis utilizes the Heat Index (HI) as a key parameter to identify instances of extreme humid heat stress, characterized by HI values exceeding 41 degrees Celsius and relative humidity more than 50%. The findings indicate that certain eastern coastal regions in peninsular India experience extreme humid heat stress from May to June due to persistent high humidity levels. In addition, northwest, northcentral and inland eastern coastal regions encounter extreme dry heat stress preceding the monsoon season, followed by a transition to humid heat stress immediately after the onset of the monsoon. The results also show that there has been a significant increase ofsix times (on average) in the extreme humid heat stress hours per grid over the past 80 years compared to a threefold increase in dry heat stress. Our research underscores the need to shift from exclusively addressing dry heat stress to adopting a comprehensive approach that considers the impacts of humid heat stress.
Optical, thermal, and electrical analysis of perovskite solar cell with grated cds and embedded plasmonic Au nanoparticles
Authors: Islam Ohidul , Anik M Hussayeen Khan , Mahmud Sakib , Debnath Joyprokash , Habib Ahsan , Islam Sharnali 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose a novel approach to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by incorporating grated Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) into the absorber layer. The CdS grating acts as the electron transport layer and penetrates into the perovskite absorber layer, increasing the absorption of the active layer and reducing the electron–hole recombination rate. The plasmonic Au NPs enhance the absorption in the infrared region by scattering and trapping the incident light. We perform a coupled optical and electrical study that shows a significant improvement in the short circuit current density (

J

S
C

) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC after introducing the CdS grating and plasmonic Au NPs. Specifically, we observe a 48% increase in average optical absorption from 800 nm to 1400 nm and a 7.42 mA cm−2 increase in J

S
C

. We also find that the PCE of the PSC is increased by 7.91% when comparing the planar reference structure (without the CdS grating and the plasmonic Au NP). However, metal nanoparticles introduce ohmic losses and temperature rise in the solar cell. We analyze the non-radiative heat profile, electric field distribution, and temperature distribution across the PSC. We observe a temperature increase of approximately 14 K above the ambient temperature for the grated CdS layer with incorporated Au NPs, which is comparable to the temperature increase observed in the planar reference structure. Our results have the potential to pave the way for the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs in the future.
G-code generation for deposition of continuous glass fibers on curved surfaces using material extrusion-based 3D printing
Authors: Akhoundi Behnam , Safi Jahanshahi Amin , Abbassloo Aslan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Improving the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts produced through a material extrusion-based 3D printer with continuous fibers (carbon, glass, and aramid) has been a focal point for numerous researchers. Given the layered nature of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, wherein parts are built up layer by layer, most studies involve the deposition of continuous fibers onto a 2D surface. Cases involving curved surfaces have employed robots with high degrees of freedom. This research introduces a method for depositing continuous glass fibers onto curved surfaces, implemented on a cost-effective material extrusion-based 3D printer. The presented approach involves G-code modification, the incorporation of a rotating axis for the nozzle, and the application of computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques. Experimental results affirm the efficacy of this method for depositing continuous fibers onto curved surfaces. The developed technique enables the production of free-form composite shells with a thermoplastic matrix and continuous fiber reinforcement. Lastly, through 3D scanning of the printed sample and subsequent comparison with the 3D model, the degree of surface form deviation and tolerance is determined. The maximum deviation identified in this study is 0.1 mm, a tolerable amount considering the inherent characteristics and behaviors of thermoplastic materials (shrinkage and warpage) during production processes.
High-dimensional quantile mediation analysis with application to a birth cohort study of mother–newborn pairs
Authors: Zhang Haixiang , Hong Xiumei , Zheng Yinan , Hou Lifang , Zheng Cheng , Wang Xiaobin , Liu Lei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Motivation
There has been substantial recent interest in developing methodology for high-dimensional mediation analysis. Yet, the majority of mediation statistical methods lean heavily on mean regression, which limits their ability to fully capture the complex mediating effects across the outcome distribution. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel approach for selecting and testing mediators throughout the full range of the outcome distribution spectrum.

Results
The proposed high-dimensional quantile mediation model provides a comprehensive insight into how potential mediators impact outcomes via their mediation pathways. This method’s efficacy is demonstrated through extensive simulations. The study presents a real-world data application examining the mediating effects of DNA methylation on the relationship between maternal smoking and offspring birthweight.

Availability and implementation
Our method offers a publicly available and user-friendly function qHIMA(), which can be accessed through the R package HIMA at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=HIMA.
A multi-centre stereotactic radiosurgery planning study of multiple brain metastases using isocentric linear accelerators with 5 and 2.5 mm width multi-leaf collimators, CyberKnife and Gamma Knife
Authors: Hanvey Scott , Hackett Philippa , Winch Lucy , Lim Elizabeth , Laney Robin , Welsh Liam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study compared plans of high definition (HD), 2.5 mm width multi-leaf collimator (MLC), to standard, 5 mm width, isocentric linear accelerator (linacs), CyberKnife (CK), and Gamma Knife (GK) for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) techniques on multiple brain metastases.

Methods
Eleven patients undergoing SRS for multiple brain metastases were chosen. Targets and organs at risk (OARs) were delineated and optimized SRS plans were generated and compared.

Results
The linacs delivered similar conformity index (CI) values, but the gradient index (GI) for HD MLCs was significantly lower (P-value &lt;.001). Half the OARs received significantly lower dose using HD MLCs. CK delivered a significantly lower CI than HD MLC linac (P-value &lt;.001), but a significantly higher GI (P-value &lt;.001). CI was significantly improved with the HD MLC linac compared to GK (P-value = 4.591 × 10−3), however, GK delivered a significantly lower GI (P-value &lt;.001). OAR dose sparing was similar for the HD MLC TL, CK, and GK.

Conclusions
Comparing linacs for SRS, the preferred choice is HD MLCs. Similar results were achieved with the HD MLC linac, CK, or GK, with each delivering significant improvements in different aspects of plan quality.

Advances in knowledge
This article is the first to compare HD and standard width MLC linac plans using a combination of single isocentre volumetric modulated arc therapy and multi-isocentric dynamic conformal arc plans as required, which is a more clinically relevant assessment. Furthermore, it compares these plans with CK and GK, assessing the relative merits of each technique.