bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath
Authors: Iyer Venkateswaran K. , Kapila Kusum , Verma Kusum 
Published: July 2003

AbstractGiant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a unique soft tissue lesion of the hands and feet. As the cytomorphological features of this lesion are rarely documented, the spectrum of cytomorphological features in 20 cases of GCTTS seen in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears are presented. Patients were in the 12–64‐yr age group with an equal sex ratio. Fingers or thumb were the commonest site (16 cases), followed by foot (3 cases) and palm (1 case). FNA smears were cellular and composed of varying proportions of stromal and giant cells. Stromal cells showed a dispersed arrangement and were polygonal to spindle shaped. Nuclear grooves and convolutions were found in some of the stromal cells in all cases. Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions were occasionally seen. Polygonal cells with round nuclei and nucleoli having abundant cytoplasm, along with binucleate forms, were also found in all cases. Histological sections were available in 10 cases and corroborated the cytological features. Hemosiderin‐laden macrophages (11 of 20 cases) and abundant foamy vacuolation of stromal cells (3 of 20 cases) were also observed in FNA smears. In tissue sections, both features were seen in all cases, but with a patchy distribution. The cytological features of GCTTS are uniform, and FNA cytodiagnosis is possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:105–110. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urine cytology in renal glomerular disease and value of G1 cell in the diagnosis of glomerular bleeding
Authors: Nguyen Gia‐Khanh 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe objectives of the present study were to evaluate the cytology of urine sediments in patients with glomerular diseases, as well as the value of G1 dysmorphic erythrocytes (G1DE) or G1 cells in the detection of renal glomerular hematuria. Freshly voided urine samples from 174 patients with glomerular diseases were processed according to the method used for semiquantitative cytologic urinalysis. G1DEs (distorted erythrocytes with doughnut‐like shape, target configuration with or without membranous protrusions or blebs), non‐G1DEs (distorted erythrocytes without the above‐mentioned morphologic changes), normal erythrocytes (NEs), and renal tubular cells (RTCs) were evaluated. Erythrocytic casts (ECs) were counted and graded as abundant (>1 per high‐power field) or rare (1 per 5 high‐power fields). G1DE/total erythrocyte ratios were calculated by counting 200 erythrocytes including G1DEs, non‐G1DEs, and NEs. Only abundant NEs were found in 13 cases; abundant G1DEs, non‐G1DEs, NEs, and no ECs in 95 cases; abundant NEs, non‐G1DEs, and ECs and no G1DEs in 31 cases; and abundant NEs, G1DEs and non‐G1DEs, and rare ECs in 35 cases. In 130 cases in which G1DEs were present, the G1DE/total erythrocyte ratios varied from 10% to 100%. This parameter was greater or equal to 80%, 50%, 20%, and 10% in 58 (44.6%), 29 (22.3%), 28 (21.5%), and 15 (11.5%) patients, respectively. In all cases, the number of RTCs was within normal limits or slightly increased, and a variable number of non‐G1DEs were present in 161 cases. Thus, abundant ECs and/or G1DEs with a G1DE/total erythrocyte ratio of 10–100% proved to be specific urinary markers for renal glomerular diseases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:67–73. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case of adrenal lymphangioma with atypical lymphocytes in aspirate cytology
Authors: Satou Takao , Uesugi Tadao , Nakai Yuka , Hayashi Yoshiyuki , Imano Motohiro , Hashimoto Shigeo 
Published: July 2003

AbstractCytological diagnosis of adrenal cysts is becoming more important, with the increase in cases identified due to the widespread use of imaging modalities. Adrenal cysts have been classified into four main groups: endothelial, epithelial, parasitic, and pseudocyst, with endothelial cysts further classified as lymphangiomatous or angiomatous. We report on a case of adrenal lymphangioma with atypical lymphocytes found in the intraoperative aspirate, suggesting an inconclusive diagnosis, although immunohistochemical study led us to suppose their B‐cell origin. This case provided important cytological findings that may assist in the prevention of cytological overdiagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:87–90. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fractal dimensions of breast lesions on cytology smears
Authors: Dey Pranab , Mohanty Sambit K. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn the present study, box‐counting fractal dimensions of benign and malignant cells of breast tumors on cytology material were measured and compared. We selected fine‐needle aspiration cytology smears of 14 cases of histopathology‐proven infiltrating duct carcinomas and 7 cases of fibroadenoma of the breast. Five cells were randomly selected from each case. Box‐counting fractal dimensions of all cells were measured with the help of an image cytometer (Leica, Cambridge, UK), using Quantimet 600 software (Leica). In total, 70 malignant cells and 35 benign cells were studied. The mean fractal dimensions of malignant cells and benign cells were 0.9571 ± 0.1265 and 0.8354 ± 0.1367, respectively. There was significant difference in the fractal dimension of malignant and benign cells (P = 0.006, Mann‐Whitney nonparametric test). The measurement of fractal dimension may be helpful in discriminating malignant from benign cells. This may be another discriminating feature of malignant cells, along with classic image morphometry based on Euclidean geometry. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:85–86. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accuracy of cytological grading of spindle‐cell sarcomas
Authors: Mathur Sandeep , Kapila Kusum , Verma Kusum 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSpindle‐cell sarcomas constitute an important component of soft‐tissue sarcomas, where accurate grading may be more important than histologic subtype in order to plan treatment strategies and determine prognosis. To evaluate the applicability and accuracy of grading spindle‐cell sarcomas on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears, 54 cases of histologically documented spindle‐cell sarcomas, consisting of synovial sarcomas (20 cases), neurofibrosarcomas (12 cases), leiomyosarcomas (9 cases), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP; 6 cases), fibrosarcomas (3 cases), hemangiopericytomas (2 cases), and spindle‐cell sarcomas, unclassified (2 cases), were graded according to a three‐tier system proposed earlier for FNAC smears, while the histological sections were graded using the French Federation of National Cancer Centers (FNCLCC) grading system. The cytological grading was correlated with the histological grade. There was an overall cytologic and histologic concordance in 40/54 (74%) cases, and concordance in 9/13 (69%) grade I, 19/25 (76%) grade II, and 12/16 (75%) grade III cases. Analysis of grading of individual sarcomas revealed a concordance in 92% of neurofibrosarcomas, 78% of leiomyosarcomas, 70% of synovial sarcomas, 67% of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 67% of fibrosarcomas, 50% of hemangiopericytomas, and 50% of cases of malignant mesenchymal tumors, spindle‐cell type unclassified. Major noncorrelation was seen in 10/54 (18.5%) cases. Minor noncorrelation was seen in 4/54 (7.4%) cases. Thus it is possible to accurately predict the grade in 74% of cases of spindle‐cell sarcomas. The cytological and histological concordance was better (75%) in high‐grade (grades II and III) as compared to grade I sarcomas (69%). Sampling errors due to morphologic heterogeneity in sarcomas may cause noncorrelation in a few cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:79–83. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pap test discrepancies and follow‐up histology
Authors: Stelow Edward B. , Skeate Robert , Wahi Monika M. , Kjeldahl Klint , McKeon Dan , Larkin Stephen , Woronzoff Kristine , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractPapanicolaou (Pap) test discrepancy rates between cytotechnologists (CTs) and cytopathologists (CPs) are often kept to evaluate the performance of individual CTs. This is based on the unproven assumption that the CP's diagnoses are more likely to be correct. We investigated this assumption using data from our discrepancy files and comparing them to follow‐up histology. All Pap test discrepancies were noted between January 1, 2001–December 31, 2001. Surgical pathology files were then searched for follow‐up histology within 9 mo of the Pap test. Histologic diagnoses were compared with the previous CT and CP diagnoses, and then judged regarding accuracy. In total, 63,376 Pap tests were evaluated between January 1, 2001–December 31, 2001. There were 795 discrepancies throughout this period (1.25%). One hundred and sixty‐six cases with discrepancies had follow‐up histology within 9 mo of the Pap test (20.9%). Of downgraded cases (103), CPs were more correct in 51 cases (49.5%), whereas CTs were more correct in 52 cases (50.5%). Of upgraded cases (63), CPs were more correct in 19 cases (30.2%), whereas CTs were more correct in 44 cases (69.8%). Our results suggest that CPs are not more likely to be correct than CTs when there is a discrepancy with the diagnosis of a Pap test, especially when CPs upgrade CT diagnoses. This suggests that discrepancy data may be helpful for evaluating the performance of both CPs and CTs. It may also be of educational use for both CPs and CTs to know the follow‐up histology in these cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:111–115. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmentally regulated expression of Netrin‐1 and ‐3 in the embryonic mouse molar tooth germ
Authors: Løes Sigbjørn , Luukko Keijo , Hals Kvinnsland Inger , Salminen Marjo , Kettunen Päivi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe Netrins form a small, conserved family of laminin‐related signaling proteins regulating axon guidance in the developing nervous system. Here, we analyzed the roles of Netrin‐1 and ‐3 in trigeminal axon guidance to the first lower molar of the embryonic mouse. Netrin‐1 showed a restricted epithelial expression domain buccal to the tooth germ, toward which the pioneer tooth axons initially appear to navigate. Later, before birth, transcripts were colocalized with nerve fibers around the bell stage tooth germ. Analysis of Netrin‐1–deficient mice, however, did not reveal any obvious disturbances in the axon growth or pattern of tooth innervation. In contrast, Netrin‐3 showed a prominent, distinct expression in the axon pathway and target field mesenchyme around the tooth. Hence, it is possible that Netrin‐3 may regulate pioneer axon growth toward and within the embryonic tooth target field. Developmental Dynamics 227:573–577, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphogenesis of blood vessels in the head muscles of avian embryo: Spatial, temporal, and VEGF expression analyses
Authors: Ruberte Jesus , Carretero Ana , Navarro Marc , Marcucio Ralph S. , Noden Drew 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAdult skeletal muscle is a highly vascularized tissue, but the development of intramuscular endothelial networks has not been well studied. In quail embryos, QH1‐positive angioblasts are present and moving throughout myogenic head mesoderm before the onset of primary myotube formation. On day 5 of incubation, concurrent with early myotube formation and aggregation, angioblasts establish a transient vascular plexus surrounding the myogenic condensations. Between days 5 and 9, the intramuscular vessels form an irregular network of endothelial cords and patent channels and only later are the parallel arrays of capillaries characteristic of adult muscles established. Microinjections using India ink, QH1, and Mercox resin reveal that these intramuscular capillaries are typically not connected to systemic vessels of the head until day 10, which is near the end of primary myogenesis and corresponds to the onset of muscular function. Morphometric analyses performed during primary myogenesis stages show a decrease in muscle cell density but no significant changes in intramuscular vascular density between days 5 and 9. This finding was surprising, as it is generally assumed that muscle growth requires elevated oxygen and nutrient levels. Moreover, there are no significant morphometric differences in vascular supply to embryonic fast and slow muscles. Endothelial tissue density is similar in slow muscles (oculorotatory, e.g., lateral rectus), fast muscles (mandibular depressor), and mixed muscles, in which the fiber types can be interspersed (jaw adductors) or segregated (branchiomandibular). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein is abundant in myotubes but not endothelial cells within both fast and slow head muscles at days 7 and 9. However, in some mixed muscles, only a minority of myotubes, which do not correspond to one specific fiber type, express VEGF. These results document a dynamic set of intramuscular and perimuscular angiogenic reorganizations during avian head myogenesis. Thus far, no vasculogenic distinctions between fast and slow muscles have been observed, although muscle heterogeneity in VEGF expression is evident. Developmental Dynamics 227:470–483, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo regulation of the chicken cardiac troponin T gene promoter in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Tidyman William E. , Sehnert Amy J. , Huq Anja , Agard Jennifer , Deegan Fiona , Stainier Didier Y.R. , Ordahl Charles P. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe chicken cardiac troponin T (cTnT) gene is representative of numerous cardiac and skeletal muscle‐specific genes that contain muscle‐CAT (MCAT) elements within their promoters. We examined the regulation of the chicken cTnT gene in vivo in zebrafish embryos, and in vitro in cardiomyocyte, myoblast, and fibroblast cultures. Defined regions of the cTnT promoter were linked to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene for in vivo analysis, and the luciferase gene for in vitro analysis. Injection of the cTnT promoter constructs into fertilized zebrafish eggs resulted in GFP expression in both heart and skeletal muscle cells reproducing the pattern of expression of the endogenous cTnT gene in the chicken embryo. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the cis‐regulatory regions responsible for cardiac and skeletal muscle‐specific expression functioned in an equivalent manner in both in vitro and in vivo environments. In addition, we show that mutation of the poly‐ADP ribose polymerase‐I (PARP‐I) binding site adjacent to the distal MCAT element in the chicken cTnT promoter produced a non–cell‐specific promoter in vitro and in the zebrafish. Thus, the PARP‐I transcriptional regulatory mechanism that governs muscle specificity of the chicken cTnT promoter is conserved across several chordate classes spanning at least 350 million years of evolution. Developmental Dynamics 227:484–496, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective control of neuronal cluster size at the forebrain/midbrain boundary by signaling from the prechordal plate
Authors: Tallafuß Alexandra , Adolf Birgit , Bally‐Cuif Laure 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWithin the vertebrate embryonic neural plate, the first neuronal clusters often differentiate at the border of patterning identities. Whether the information inherent in the intersection of patterning identities alone controls all aspects of neuronal cluster development (location, identity, and size) is unknown. Here, we focus on the cluster of the medial longitudinal fascicle (nMLF) and posterior commissure (nPC), located at the forebrain/midbrain (fore/mid) boundary, to address this issue. We first identify expression of the transcription factor Six3 as a common and distinct molecular signature of nMLF and nPC neurons in zebrafish, and we use this marker to monitor mechanisms controlling the location and number of nMLF/nPC neurons. We demonstrate that six3 expression is induced at the fore/mid boundary in pax2.1/no‐isthmus and smoothened/slow muscle omitted mutants, where identities adjacent to the six3 cluster are altered; however, in these mutants, the subpopulation of six3‐positive cells located within the mispatterned territory is reduced. These results show that induction of the six3 cluster is triggered by the information derived from the intersection in patterning identities alone, whereas correct cluster size depends, in a modular manner, on the identities themselves. The size of the six3 cluster is also controlled independently of neural tube patterning: we demonstrate that the prechordal plate (PCP) is impaired in mixer/bonnie and clyde mutants and that this phenotype secondarily results in an increased production of six3‐positive cells at the fore/mid boundary, without correlatively affecting patterning in this area. Thus, a signaling process originating from the PCP distinguishes between neural patterning and the control of six3 cluster size at the fore/mid junction in vivo. Together, our results suggest that a combination of patterning‐related and ‐unrelated mechanisms specifically controls the size of individual early neuronal clusters within the anterior neural plate. Developmental Dynamics 227:524–535, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish atonal homologue zath3 is expressed during neurogenesis in embryonic development
Authors: Wang Xukun , Emelyanov Alexander , Korzh Vladimir , Gong Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBasic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcriptional activators function in development of various cell lineages, including the central nervous system. One of the bHLH proteins, Math3/Xath3/NeuroM, was suggested to act as a late proneural gene in the mouse, Xenopus, and chick. Here, we isolated a zebrafish homologue, named zath3, and analyzed its expression pattern in zebrafish embryos. In the neural plate, zath3 is expressed first in the primordia of the tegmentum and trigeminal ganglia and three classes of primary neurons: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. During later development, zath3 transcripts were localized along the boundaries of the optic tectum in the midbrain and rhombomeres of the hindbrain. Analyses of zath3 expression in three mid‐hindbrain boundary mutants, acerebellar, no isthmus, and spiel‐ohne‐grensen, indicated that distribution of zath3 mRNAs in the midbrain and hindbrain was dramatically disturbed. In addition, these mutants also affect expression of zath3 in the neuroretina. Developmental Dynamics 227:587–592, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic stem cell and tissue‐specific expression of a novel conserved gene, asrij
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Arpita , Das Debjani , Inamdar Maneesha S. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe have identified a novel gene expressed in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and in a restricted, tissue‐specific pattern during mouse development. The gene is also expressed in blood vessels; hence, we have named it asrij (Sanskrit; asRˆij = blood). The gene encodes a novel conserved, predicted transmembrane protein of 247 amino acids, which is localized to lysosomes and endosomes. During ES cell‐derived blood vessel formation in vitro, Asrij expression precedes and partially overlaps with the vascular markers Flk‐1 and PECAM. During development, Asrij is expressed predominantly in mouse embryonic blood vessels. The asrij transcript is alternatively spliced, and its expression is regulated in a tissue‐specific manner. An asrij splice variant that is enriched in the adult mouse brain encodes a protein of 196 amino acids. Asrij can serve as an early stem cell marker that is down‐regulated in nonvascular tissues. Our data indicate that Asrij belongs to a novel class of conserved proteins with a complex developmental profile and suggests multiple functions for the gene. Development Dynamics 227:578–586, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wnt11 and Wnt7a are up‐regulated in association with differentiation of cardiac conduction cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bond Jacqueline , Sedmera David , Jourdan Jane , Zhang Yuhua , Eisenberg Carol A. , Eisenberg Leonard M. , Gourdie Robert G. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe heart beat is coordinated by a precisely timed sequence of action potentials propagated through cells of the conduction system. Previously, we have shown that conduction cells in the chick embryo are derived from multipotent, cardiomyogenic progenitors present in the looped, tubular heart. Moreover, analyses of heterogeneity within myocyte clones and cell birth dating have indicated that elaboration of the conduction system occurs by ongoing, localized recruitment from within this multipotent pool. In this study, we have focused on a potential role for Wnt signaling in development of the cardiac conduction system. Treatment of embryonic myocytes from chick with endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) has been shown to promote expression of markers of Purkinje fiber cells. By using this in vitro model, we find that Wnt11 are Wnt7a are up‐regulated in association with ET‐1 treatment. Moreover, in situ hybridization reveals expression, although not temporal coincidence of, Wnt11 and Wnt7a in specialized tissues in the developing heart in vivo. Specifically, whereas Wnt11 shows transient and prominent expression in central elements of the developing conduction system (e.g., the His bundle), relative increases in Wnt7a expression emerge at sites consistent with the location of peripheral conduction cells (e.g., subendocardial Purkinje fibers). The patterns of Wnt11 and Wnt7a expression observed in vitro and in the embryonic chick heart appear to be consistent with roles for these two Wnts in differentiation of cardiac conduction tissues. Development Dynamics 227:536–543, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pigment cell organization in the hypodermis of zebrafish
Authors: Hirata Masashi , Nakamura Kei‐ichiro , Kanemaru Takaaki , Shibata Yosaburo , Kondo Shigeru 
Published: July 2003

AbstractZebrafish have a characteristic horizontal‐stripe pigment pattern made by a specific distribution of three types of pigment cells: melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores. This pattern is a valuable model to investigate how the spatial patterns form during animal development. Although recent findings suggest that the interactions among the pigment cells play a key role, the particular details of these interactions have not yet been clarified. In this report, we performed transmission electron microscopic study to show the distribution, conformation, and how the cells contact with each other in the hypodermis. We found that the pigment cells form complex but ordered, layered structures in both stripe and interstripe regions. The order of the layered structures is kept strictly all through the hypodermal regions. Our study will provide basic information to investigate the mechanism of pigment pattern formation in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 227:497–503, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.