bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processes and microorganisms driving nitrous oxide production in the Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Dangl Gabriela , Frey Claudia , Hassenrück Christiane , Sabbaghzadeh Bita , Wäge‐Recchioni Janine , Lehmann Moritz F. , Schulz‐Vogt Heide , Fabian Jenny , Ley Martin , Rehder Gregor , Jürgens Klaus 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUpwelling systems and their associated oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) are hotspots of nitrous oxide (N2O) production in the ocean. The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is a highly productive region and an important, yet variable source of N2O to the atmosphere. This study examined underlying processes and microbial key players governing N2O production in the BUS during the austral winter. 15N‐tracer incubation experiments were conducted to track N2O production from NH4+ oxidation and denitrification. N2O production and consumption mechanisms over a longer temporal scale were determined through natural‐abundance isotope analyses. Metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were used to identify potential key prokaryotes driving N2O production. Our results showed that, compared with permanent ODZs, the BUS is characterized by a higher oxidative and a lower reductive N2O production, both of which exhibit substantial spatial variability. N2O production peaked in low‐oxygen (O2) waters, with nearly equal contributions of oxidative and reductive processes, suggesting their co‐occurrence across an O2 concentration range broader than previously thought. However, the observed N2O isotope signatures implied a legacy of recent and extensive N2O reduction to N2. Metagenomic and 16S rRNA gene data identified denitrifiers belonging to Thioglobaceae and the archaeal ammonia‐oxidizers Nitrosopumilaceae among the potential key drivers of N2O production. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of N2O production in the BUS, revealing significant variability in the N‐cycling regime and underlying N2O production mechanisms, and demonstrating the value of combining direct rate measurements with more integrative approaches, such as molecular omics and natural‐abundance stable isotope tracers.
Dynamic and Static Stress Sensing Based on Mechanical Quenching Phenomenon From CaZnOS:Cu+
Authors: Huang Xinru , Yang Hang , Wei Yi , Ju Haonan , Wang Wei , Tu Dong , Li Guogang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMechanical quenching (MQ) represents a distinctive mechano‐optical response, in which the afterglow intensity is quenched under the applied mechanical stress. Compared with mechanoluminescent (ML) materials, the research on physical mechanism and sensing application of MQ materials is still insufficient. Moreover, existing mechano‐optical materials typically respond only to dynamic stress, while ML materials are unable to exhibit luminescence under static stress, restricting their utility in stress‐sensing applications. In this work, the MQ characteristics of CaZnOS:Cu+ are systematically studied, which displays a linear mechano‐optical response to dynamic and static stress. Furthermore, this material shows a sensitive response to micro‐strain in stretching tests. Therefore, a novel mechanical switch device is introduced combined with CaZnOS:Cu+ and a ML material LiTaO3:Tb3+. By comparing the alteration in luminescence intensity during stretching, different stages of stress are digitally encoded, achieving both dynamic and static stress sensing and effectively differentiating the information output. These findings provide a new approach for multi‐mode dynamic and static stress sensing by utilizing mechano‐optical materials and pave a significant avenue for the information integration of mechano‐optical materials in the field of stress sensing.
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality‐Based Rehabilitation Versus Conventional Methods in Enhancing Functional Outcomes for Post‐Operative Lower Limb Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thakur Aditi , Rishi Priyanka , Sivach Priyanka 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAfter surgery, physical therapy is thought to be crucial for getting the best results. A growing number of people believe that virtual reality (VR) could be a useful tool for providing medical interventions. The impact of VR‐based rehabilitation on results after lower limb surgeries is examined in this systematic analysis.ObjectivesEvaluating the effectiveness of virtual reality and related technologies in postoperative lower limb rehabilitation using a systematic study.Designsystematic review of relevant literature (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024605158).MethodsThe databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, PEDro, and Google Scholar were used to search for the literature. To identify papers that satisfied the inclusion criteria, titles, abstracts, and then the full texts were screened. The methodological qualities of the studies were evaluated using the 11‐point PEDro scale. Risk of Bias evaluation was performed through the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool in Cochrane review tools.ResultsTwenty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria. Combined results showed that virtual reality (VR) and game‐based interventions appear to be effective and safe adjuncts to traditional rehabilitation for lower limb surgeries, improving outcomes such as pain relief, proprioception, balance, and motivation, though their superiority over standard rehabilitation alone remains inconsistent and warrants further research.ConclusionVR and game‐based rehabilitation enhance traditional therapy for knee and hip surgeries, but further research is needed to confirm long‐term benefits and effectiveness.
Nasal Corticosteroid Delivery Methods in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Polyps: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gurevich Robert E. , Bakare Ajibola B. , Levy Dylan A. , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review evaluates and compares the efficacy and safety of different intranasal corticosteroid delivery methods for treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).Data SourcesEmbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, and Web of Science were systematically searched from January 1, 1980 to January 9, 2024.Review MethodsTwo independent reviewers searched 4 databases for English‐language, prospective randomized controlled trials (RCT), comparing different delivery methods of corticosteroids for the treatment of CRSwNP. Studies were excluded for specific reasons (wrong comparisons, wrong intervention, wrong patient population, and wrong route of administration).ResultsThe data search identified 2282 studies. After removing duplicates, 1503 studies were screened by title and abstract, with 1479 excluded for not meeting criteria. Eighteen full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 5 RCTs were included in the review. Both short‐ and long‐term treatments with nebulizer, aerosol spray, and nasal drop methods demonstrated similar efficacy to oral corticosteroids (OCS) but with a better safety profile. Long‐term use of aqueous sprays showed clinical improvement but was less effective than other non‐aqueous delivery methods.ConclusionNon‐aqueous delivery methods, including nebulizers, aerosol sprays, and nasal drops offer a safe alternative to OCS without systemic side effects. Patients using aqueous formulations should be advised on the importance of long‐term adherence to achieve symptom improvement.
Synthesis of Polyether Ester Plasticizer and Its Application Performance in Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Zhibin , Song Yuqing , Xiao Jianbin , Chen Qi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFour polyether ester plasticizers containing both ester groups and ether bonds were synthesized using 1,4‐butanediol, adipic acid, and alkyl ether alcohols as raw materials. By varying the type of end‐capping alcohol ether, the following plasticizers were prepared: poly (butylene adipate dibutyl ether) (PBADBE), poly (butylene adipate butyl ether) (PBABE), poly (butylene adipate dimethyl ether) (PBADME), and poly (butylene adipate methyl ether) (PBAME). These plasticizers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Furthermore, their differences in cold resistance, heat resistance, and physical‐mechanical properties in hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR) were investigated. The results showed that among the rubber compounds containing the four polyether‐ester plasticizers, the compound with PBADME demonstrated superior heat resistance and low‐temperature performance. Specifically, the PBADME‐containing compound exhibited a TR10 temperature of −39.9°C and a brittleness temperature of −54°C. This significantly broadened the operating temperature range of the plasticizer, making it suitable for applications requiring both high‐temperature and low‐temperature performance.
An Innovative Approach for the Fabrication of Functional Antibacterial Membranes for Face Mask
Authors: Çakmak Merve , Sendogdular Selda Topcu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNumber of studies on the hydrophobic and antibacterial membranes has shown significant growth recently, particularly in masks created in response to the coronavirus pandemic. In this study, the supercritical CO2 (scCO2) annealing, a promising green alternative post‐processing method to traditional solvents for polymers, polymer blends, and composites, has been focused. And polymeric membranes were also improved with silver (inorganic) or limestone (organic) particles as antibacterial additives to the polypropylene/polyethylene glycol (PP/PEG) blend. The effect on the structure and properties of the synthesized membranes were examined including the antibacterial and topographical properties before and after CO2 annealing. With increasing contact angle by scCO2 annealing, it was possible to create superhydrophobic surfaces and antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli), especially for silver‐loaded PP–PEG membranes based on the collected results. This study is thought to boost the effectiveness of masks against bacteria, the main causes of today's hygiene related epidemics. Finally, scCO2 can be safely applied in mask and membrane production as well as biomedical applications.
Demystifying the Potential of Polymeric Lipids as Substitute in Regenerative Applications: A Review
Authors: Mohite Popat , Puri Abhijeet , Bharati Deepak , Munde Shubham , Malhan Arprita , Guleria Mridul , Datta Deepanjan , Pawar Anil , Ranch Ketan , Singh Sudarshan , Kausar Naheed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe objective of a regenerative medicine is to repair, restore, and regenerate tissues and organs that occurred due to injury or a defect or disease. Additionally, the purpose of regenerative medicine is to reverse the aging process of the body by utilizing the body's innate healing ability. There is still a significant venture that needs to be directed for advancement in the arena of regenerative medicine, which makes use of products derived from cell therapy as well as for biomedical. Stem cells and growth factors are the primary components of regenerative medicine; hence, novel drug delivering systems are now being studied to augment the transport of active pharmaceuticals. Lipid‐based complexed with therapeutics is suited for site‐specific and controlled drug release. Lipids are biocompatible and available from various sources in various molecular weights that self‐assemble into various forms with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. By enhancing plasma membrane fluidity, excipients such non‐ionic surfactants, fatty acids, and glycerides increase permeability. Liposomes, nanoparticles, nano‐emulsions, and micelles are nano‐lipid carriers that can improve bioavailability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic medicines. The lipoidal‐polymeric carriers had emerged as promising drug delivering systems for a multifaceted application due to cytocompatibility, ecofriendly, and ability to encapsulate a variety of drugs. Further, utilizing cell treatment products as well as biomedical or tissue engineering, regenerative medicine is a rapidly developing discipline. Furthermore, similar vein, delivery technologies that are combined with stem cells promote engraftment, differentiation, and cell survival. Hence the colloidal Lipid‐based carrier has impending as versatile drug delivering systems for multifaceted applications. Therefore, the objective is of the review is to offer an abridged information on the significance of Lipid‐based regenerative medicine as delivering technology in the process of offering cells with a confined ecosystem that facilitates them to thrive and distinguish in an effective manner.
The Clinical Impact of Somatic Copy Number Variations in Patients with Stage IV Wilms Tumor Enrolled in the SIOP 2001 Trial and Study
Authors: Welter Nils , Al‐Saadi Reem , Gravier‐Dumonceau Robinson , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Graf Norbert , Wegert Jenny , Gessler Manfred , Williams Richard D. , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Coulomb‐L'Hermine Aurore , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Verschuur Arnauld C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent research elucidated the prognostic significance of molecular biology in Wilms tumor (WT) by linking somatic genomic variants (such as gain of chromosome 1q) to unfavorable patient outcomes. This analysis describes the clinical impact of copy number variations (CNV) in tumor samples of WT patients with stage IV disease.MethodsTumor samples of 55 WT patients with stage IV disease from the United Kingdom, France, and Germany enrolled in the SIOP 2001 study and treated with preoperative chemotherapy (pCHT) were examined for their CNVs of chromosome 1q and other regions of interest using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA). The identified CNV were analyzed regarding their prognostic impact.ResultsChromosome 1q gain (1q+) and TP53 loss occurred in 38.2% and 16.4% of tumors and were associated with older patient age at diagnosis (median [months]: 65 and 64 vs. 49 each, p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively) and poorer 5‐year event‐free survival (40.0% and 11.1% vs. 67.7% and 82.6%, p = 0.04 and <0.01, respectively) compared to their specific control group of tumors without the respective CNV. In patients with pulmonary‐only metastasis, 1q+ was an adverse prognostic marker irrespective of remission status after pCHT with or without metastasectomy. A simultaneous MYCN gain occurred more frequently in tumors with 1q+ than in tumors without 1q+ (p = 0.03). TP53 loss was linked to high‐risk histology and inferior 5‐year overall survival (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe confirm the prognostic relevance of 1q+ and TP53 loss in stage IV WTs and emphasize their potential utility for future treatment stratification.
Initial Antibiotic Selection Based on Microbiologic History in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis‐Related Pulmonary Exacerbations
Authors: Grapsy Jillian , Ueng Ching‐Sui , Patel Karisma , Dassner Aimee , Sharma Preeti 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Foundation guideline for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) does not address empiric antibiotic selection. The primary objective of this study is to characterize how patient‐specific microbiological histories are utilized in initial antibiotic selection for CF‐related PEx at a pediatric institution. The secondary outcome was to characterize why changes were made to empiric antibiotic regimens.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective study evaluated individuals aged 1–21 years hospitalized for CF‐related PEx at Children's Medical Center Dallas between August 1, 2016 and July 31, 2018.ResultsAmong 285 screened hospital encounters, 156 encounters met inclusion criteria. Median age was 12.9 years with a median baseline forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 84% predicted. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were the organisms most targeted by empiric antibiotics with median months since last growth of 1.5, 9.2, and 5.5, respectively. A difference was observed in median time since last growth for targeted organisms versus those not targeted by the initial antibiotics, but wide overlapping timeframes were noted. Organisms isolated on admission cultures were sensitive to the initial antibiotics regimen in 78.2% of encounters.ConclusionWhile variable, patient‐specific microbiologic history and time since last growth of historical organisms are taken into consideration when selecting initial antibiotics for the treatment of PEx in children with CF. Expanding initial antibiotic coverage to target microbiological growth histories beyond 1 year prior to a hospital admission did not appear to increase the likelihood of providing coverage for organism(s) isolated on the admission sputum culture in children hospitalized for CF‐related PEx.
Salivary Proteome Is Altered in Children With Small Area Thermal Burns
Authors: Carlton Morgan , Zang Tuo , Parker Tony J. , Punyadeera Chamindie , Voisey Joanne , Cuttle Leila 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSaliva is a child appropriate biofluid, but it has not previously been used to evaluate the systemic response to burn injury in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the salivary proteome of children with small area thermal skin burns relative to different burn characteristics (mechanism, time to re‐epithelialization and risk of emotional distress). SWATH Mass Spectrometry was used to quantify the abundance of 742 proteins in the saliva of children with burns (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 37). Eight proteins were differentially abundant in the saliva of children with burns compared to healthy children, and these were associated with immune processes, epidermal cell differentiation and transferrin receptor binding. Eleven proteins were differentially abundant in patients with burns of different mechanisms. Scald burns had an over‐representation of immune/inflammatory response processes, and contact burns had an over‐representation of cornification, intermediate filament assembly and cell death cellular processes. Four proteins were elevated in patients who were at high risk for emotional distress and 15 proteins were correlated with time to wound re‐epithelialization. This pilot study proves that saliva can be used for paediatric biomarker discovery and can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic sample to investigate systemic changes in a paediatric burn cohort.
Laser‐Induced Crystallization and Amorphization of Ge‐Rich GST Thin Films Monitored In Situ with Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Fernandes Thomas , Hans Philipp , Texier Michael , Comby‐Dassonneville Solène , Mariette Celine , Mignerot Florent , Jeannot Simon , le Friec Yannick , Simola Roberto , Thomas Olivier 
Published: February 2025

This study explores laser‐induced crystallization and amorphization processes in thin films of Ge‐rich GST (GGST), a tailored phase change material (PCM), monitored in situ using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. GGST's high crystallization temperature makes it a promising material for embedded memory applications. Experiments employed an 800 nm femtosecond laser source, varying fluence and pulse parameters to induce phase transitions. Key findings include fluence‐dependent thresholds for crystallizing Ge and GST, along with precise control over reversible amorphization. Crystallization maps highlight the differences in fluence and pulse requirements for the transformations. Repeated cycling between amorphous and crystalline states, mimicking PCM operations, confirms the feasibility of controlled phase transitions. Surface imaging using scanning electron microscopy revealed fluence‐induced changes, including ripple formation and ablation at higher intensities. The potential of ultrafast laser irradiation to precisely manipulate GGST phase changes is demonstrated, establishing a foundation for future research on time‐resolved experiments on this and other PCMs.
Comparative governance of for‐profit provision of public services: Investor‐owned firms versus cooperatives as internet providers
Authors: Jeong Hyoju , Kaul Aseem , Luo Jiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the comparative governance of for‐profit provision of public services, distinguishing between two types of for‐profit providers: investor‐owned firms (IOFs) and cooperatives. We argue that because cooperatives are owned and operated by those who benefit directly from the positive externalities generated by public services they are well suited to serving poor or high cost communities that may be underserved by IOFs, and that this will be especially true when they serve less diverse communities or needs. We test and find support for these predictions in the context of internet service provision in the United States. Our study thus offers a discriminating alignment perspective on the provision of public services, while also shedding light on the role of cooperatives in addressing societal grand challenges.Managerial SummaryPublic infrastructure and services provide two types of benefits: specific benefits to their users and general benefits to the communities they serve. Investor‐owned for‐profit firms only capture value through the payments they receive from users, however, so they may provide poorer quality service to poor or rural communities, causing such communities to be left behind. In this study, we argue that cooperatives—which are owned and controlled by members of the community themselves—represent a potential solution to this problem. Using internet service provision in the United States as a context, we show that cooperatives are more likely to enter rural and low‐income communities where existing firms are providing low quality service, and to provide higher quality service when they do so.
Controllable Detachment of Organic Ligands on Ultrathin Amorphous Nanosheets Tailors the Electron‐Aggregation for Accelerated pH‐Universal Hydrogen Reaction
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Liu Xinzheng , Feng Hui , Wan Li , Xia Chenghui , Cao Lixin , Hu Yubin , Dong Bohua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTailoring the local environment of catalyst surface has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance the reaction kinetics involving multiple intermediates. For hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), the driving factors for hydrogen aggregation and migration which are poorly understood in depth affects the reaction kinetics especially over a wide pH range. Inspired by the selectivity of the catalyst surface microenvironment for intermediates, an interfacial electrocatalyst composed of Ru ultrafine nanocatalysts anchored onto monolayer amorphous (a‐WCoNiO) nanosheets with electron‐rich microenvironment induced by an organic oleylamine ligand is designed to realize high‐performance pH‐universal HER. This Ru/a‐WCoNiO possesses impressively low overpotentials of ‐13, ‐14, and ‐14 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4, 1 m KOH and 1 m PBS, respectively, ranking among the best HER catalysts reported to date. Benefiting from the electron‐rich microenvironment, the Ru/a‐WCoNiO exhibits record‐high turnover frequency (TOF) and mass activity (MA), which is more than 47.9 times higher than that of commercial 20% Pt/C. Importantly, other precious metals are loaded on a‐WCoNiO and enhancing their mass current density for pH‐universal HER. It is believed that this developed approach of organic modifiers tailored local microenvironment has practical significance and advantages for designing other high‐performance catalysts.