bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of β‐endorphin and met‐enkephalin on platelet activity
Authors: Tirelli Angelo , Guastafierro Salvatore , Annunziata Silvana , Guariglia Roberto , Coppola Ludovico 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the present study, β‐endorphin and met‐enkephalin were tested for their antiplatelet activity in human platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy subjects. The results of the study show that these two endogenous opioids (200 pg/ml final concentration) reduce platelet aggregation when it is induced by ADP at low dose (0.5 μM). It is likely due to conformational changes on the platelet membrane that cause a non‐specific decreased susceptibility to platelet‐aggregating agonists. Am. J. Hematol. 68:1–3, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐year health and employment outcomes among injured workers enrolled in the Washington State Managed Care Pilot Project*†
Authors: Keyes Kelly B. , Wickizer Thomas M. , Franklin Gary 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of injured workers are being treated through managed care delivery systems, yet little is known about the long‐term effects of care provided through these systems. We analyzed health outcomes, return to work, and employment status at 2 years post‐injury among a cohort of workers who were previously enrolled in the Washington State Managed Care Pilot Project.MethodsData on functional status, satisfaction with quality of life, return to work and employment status were gathered via telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires from a subset of 374 injured workers who had a time loss claim that involved 4 or more days of lost work time. Of these 374 subjects, 106 were treated through managed care and 268 through fee‐for‐service (FFS) arrangements. Health outcomes were assessed through the SF‐36, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the Satisfaction with Quality of Life (QOL) instruments. Standard univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to compare the two groups with respect to the health and employment outcomes.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in functional status, satisfaction with quality of life or employment outcomes, except in regard to perceived recovery. FFS patients were more likely to indicate their recovery at 2 years post injury was going well (62 vs. 45%, P = .01). Almost 90% of the injured workers returned to work at some point following their injury and 72% reported working during the 4 weeks prior to their 2‐year follow‐up interview.ConclusionsInjured workers treated through managed care, based upon an occupational‐medicine model, appear to experience similar long‐term health and employment outcomes as workers treated through traditional FFS. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:619–626, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Dopamine transporter polymorphism associated with externalizing behavior problems in children
Authors: Young Susan E. , Smolen Andrew , Corley Robin P. , Krauter Kenneth S. , DeFries John C. , Crowley Thomas J. , Hewitt John K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEarly childhood externalizing behavior is a stable and heritable pattern of aggressive and delinquent behavior that often leads to the development of serious psychiatric disorders such as conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We examined the relationship between parent reported externalizing behavior (assessed at ages 4, 7, and 9 years) and the VNTR polymorphism of the 3′ untranslated region of SLC6A3 (DAT1) in a community sample of 790 children ascertained as part of our longitudinal twin and adoption studies. We applied the sibling‐based methodology developed by Fulker et al. [1999: Am J Hum Genet 64:259–267] for estimating allelic association with quantitative traits, while controlling for population stratification. An extension of these methods allowed for the inclusion of monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, siblings, and singletons. We have demonstrated that the 9‐repeat variant of the DAT1 is a significant risk allele for externalizing behavior at ages 4 (P = 0.001) and 7 years (P = 0.02). Although the effect size was negligible at age 9 (P = 0.92), a formal test of the developmental decrease in effect across the three ages was non‐significant (P = 0.70). © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation in soft‐tissue thicknesses on the human face and their relation to craniometric dimensions
Authors: Simpson Ellie , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe average thickness of soft tissues on parts of the face is known, but its variation has not been related to cranial morphology. To investigate this relationship, measurements of facial soft‐tissue depths and craniometric dimensions were taken on adult, white Australian cadavers (17 male and 23 female). Significant correlations between many soft‐tissue depths and craniometric dimensions were found, suggesting a relationship between the amount of soft tissue present on the face and the size of the underlying bony skeleton. Soft‐tissue depths were highly positively correlated with each other; craniometric dimensions were correlated but to a lesser extent. Males had thicker soft tissues and larger craniometric dimensions than females; considerable overlap of ranges was also noted. Multiple regression analysis was used to produce equations predicting the soft‐tissue depth at specified areas of the face from craniometric dimensions. A subsample of nine cadavers was examined for the effects of tissue embalming. Embalming caused significant initial increases in facial soft‐tissue depths. Cadavers embalmed for less than 6 months had soft‐tissue depths significantly greater than for fully embalmed cadavers. The evidence that facial soft‐tissue thicknesses vary with craniofacial dimensions has implications for forensic identification, facial aesthetic surgery, and approximation of the facial features of extinct individuals. Am J Phys Anthropol 118:121–133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telemetered electromyography of the supinators and pronators of the forearm in gibbons and chimpanzees: Implications for the fundamental positional adaptation of hominoids
Authors: Stern Jack T. , Larson Susan G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExtant apes are similar to one another, and different from monkeys, in features granting them greater range of forearm rotation and greater size of the muscles that produce this motion. Although these traits may have been independently acquired by the various apes, the possibility arises that such features reflect adaptation to the stem behavior of the hominoid lineage. Anticipating that knowledge of forearm rotatory muscle recruitment during brachiation, vertical climbing, arm‐hanging during feeding, and voluntary reaching might point to this stem behavior, we undertook telemetered electromyographic experiments on the supinator, pronator quadratus, ulnar head of pronator teres, and a variety of other upper limb muscles in two gibbons and four chimpanzees. The primary rotator muscles of the hominoid forearm were recruited at high levels in a variety of behaviors. As had been suspected by previous researchers, the supinator is usually active during the support phase of armswinging, but we observed numerous instances of this behavior during which the muscle was inactive. No other muscle took over its role. Kinetic analyses are required to determine how apes can execute body rotation of armswinging without active muscular effort. The one behavior that is common to most extant apes, is rare in monkeys, and which places a consistently great demand on the primary forearm rotatory muscles, is hang‐feeding. The muscles of the supporting limb are essential to properly position the body; those of the free limb are essential for grasping food. Since the greater range of forearm rotation characterizing apes is also best explained by adaptation to this behavior, we join previous authors who assert that it lies at the very origin of the Hominoidea. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:253–268, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 presenting as familial levodopa‐responsive parkinsonism
Authors: Shan Din‐E , Soong Bing‐Wen , Sun Chen‐Ming , Lee Shwn‐Jen , Liao Kwong‐Kum , Liu Ren‐Shyan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA genetic analysis identified 2 patients, approximately one‐tenth of our patients with familial parkinsonism, who had expanded trinucleotide repeats in SCA2 genes. The reduction of 18F‐dopa distribution in both the putamen and caudate nuclei confirmed that the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was involved in parkinsonian patients with SCA2 mutation.
Flupirtine blocks apoptosis in batten patient lymphoblasts and in human postmitotic CLN3‐ and CLN2‐deficient neurons
Authors: Dhar Sumeer , Bitting Rhonda L. , Rylova Svetlana N. , Jansen Paul J. , Lockhart Ellen , Koeberl Dwight D. , Amalfitano Andrea , Boustany Rose‐Mary N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMultiple gene defects cause Batten disease. Accelerated apoptosis accounts for neurodegeneration in the late infantile and juvenile forms that are due to defects in the CLN3 and CLN2 genes. Extensive neuronal death is seen in CLN2‐ and CLN3‐deficient human brain as well as in CLN6‐deficient sheep brain and retina. When neurons in late infantile and juvenile brain survive, they manage to do so by upregulating the neuroprotective molecule Bcl‐2. The CLN3 gene has antiapoptotic properties at the molecular level. We show that the CLN2 gene is neuroprotective: it enhances growth of NT2 cells and maintains survival of human postmitotic hNT neurons. Conversely, blocking CLN3 or CLN2 expression in hNT neurons with adenoviral antisense‐CLN3 or antisense‐CLN2‐AAV2 constructs causes apoptosis. The drug flupirtine is a triaminopyridine derivative that acts as a nonopioid analgesic. Flupirtine upregulates Bcl‐2, increases glutathione levels, activates an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, and delays loss of intermitochondrial membrane calcium retention capacity. We show that flupirtine aborts etoposide‐induced apoptosis in CLN1‐, CLN2‐, CLN3‐, and CLN6‐deficient as well as normal lymphoblasts. Flupirtine also prevents the death of CLN3‐ and CLN2‐deficient postmitotic hNT neurons at the mitochondrial level. We show that a mechanism of neuroprotection exerted by flupirtine involves complete functional antagonism of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate or N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate–induced neuronal apoptosis. Flupirtine may be useful as a drug capable of halting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases caused by dysregulated apoptosis.
Mitochondrial DNA nucleotide changes C14482G and C14482A in the ND6 gene are pathogenic for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Valentino Maria Lucia , Avoni Patrizia , Barboni Piero , Pallotti Francesco , Rengo Chiara , Torroni Antonio , Bellan Marzio , Baruzzi Agostino , Carelli Valerio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel mitochondrial DNA nucleotide transversion, C14482A (M64I), different from the previously reported C14482G (M64I), was found to cause Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with visual recovery in an Italian family. These equivalent changes are the fifth pathogenic mutation for pure Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. This confirms that the ND6 gene of complex I is a mutational hot spot and suggests that different amino acid substitutions at residue 64, as induced by C14482G or C14482A (M64I) and the common T14484C (M64V) mutations, are associated with visual recovery.
Simultaneous determination of neutral, anionic and cationic compounds within one chromatographic run using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as element‐specific detector
Authors: Sakai Tetsushi , Inoue Yoshinori , Date Yukiko , Aoyama Tetsuya , Yoshida Kaoru , Endo Ginji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo simple methods for the simultaneous separation of anionic and cationic arsenic species in a single injection were developed. One method was a dual column system connected with anion and cation exchange columns; the other was a dual mode system. The dual mode system was a combination of ion exclusion and cation exchange modes. The cation exchange resin, functionalized by dicarboxylic acid, was used for the dual mode column. Separation conditions for the two separation methods were optimized for eight arsenic species. The eight arsenic standards were completely separated within 40 min in both methods. On the dual column system, a good reproducibility (peak area reproducibility was 5% and under) for arsenic species was obtained by applying the column switching method, although the retentions of anionic arsenic species did fluctuate by interference of strong adsorptive anions. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as an element‐selective detector was used. Detection limits for the eight arsenic compounds ranged from 0.1 to 0.7µgAsdm−3, and reproducibility (relative standard deviation, n = 8) ranged from 2.4 to 8.0% at 0.01 mg As dm−3. The simultaneous separation methods developed were applied to the determination of arsenic species in human and rat urine. Good agreement on the quantified values by the two separation methods was obtained for all arsenic species in the urine samples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structure and cytotoxicity of organoammonium selenites
Authors: Lukevics Edmunds , Arsenyan Pavel , Shestakova Irina , Domracheva Ilona , Kanepe Iveta , Belyakov Sergey , Popelis Juris , Pudova Olga 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew selenites of different organic bases have been prepared by the reaction of selenium dioxide with aliphatic and heterocyclic amines in an aqueous medium. Their structure was confirmed by 1H, 13C and 77Se NMR data and, in the case of triethanolammonium hydroselenite [HN+(CH2CH2OH)3 HSeO3], by X‐ray analysis. Most of these selenites have an expressed cytotoxic activity on the­MG‐22A (mouse hepatoma), HT‐1080 (human fibrosarcoma), B16 (mouse melanoma), and Neuro 2A (mouse neuroblastoma) cell lines. The substances studied were also active in vivo against sarcoma­S‐180. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of rosin‐type nucleating agent on polypropylene crystallization
Authors: Li Chun‐Cheng , Zhu Guang , Li Zhen‐Yi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this investigation the effects of a rosin‐type nucleating agent, which was prepared from cocrystallizing of dehydroabietic acid and Na‐dehydroabietate, on polypropylene (PP) crystallization were studied. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction proved that a cocrystal of dehydroabietic acid and Na‐dehydroabietate was formed. The lower melting point of the cocrystal caused it to be uniformly dispersed in PP. When cocrystals were added as nucleating agent, the mechanical properties, heat distortion temperature, and crystallization temperatures of PP were obviously improved, and the size of spherulites was also decreased. This proved that the cocrystals of dehydroabietic acid and Na‐dehydroabietate could act as an effective nucleating agent for PP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1069–1073, 2002
Studies on pour point depression of EVA polymers in solvent mixtures containing wax
Authors: Qian J. W. , Zhou G. H. , Yang W. Y. , Xu Y. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMeasurements of the change of the pour point depression (ΔTPP) were performed for the wax solutions made of four solvent mixtures: ethyl acetate/hexane (EA/HEX), 1,2‐dichloroethane/cyclohexane (DCE/CYH), butanone/heptane (MEK/HEP), and acetone/chloroform (AC/CF) doped with EVA polymers. The values of ΔTPP increase significantly with increasing of the selective solvent EA, DCE, MEK, and AC components, for the vinyl acetate (VA) segment in EVA copolymers, in the solvent mixtures. The solvent effect of ΔTPP occurring in wax solutions can also come from the solutions of EVA polymer, which were prepared by solvent mixtures with various compositions and used as parent solutions of EVA pour point depressant. From the experimental results such as the NMR of EVA macromolecules; viscosities of EVA, waxes, and their blends; and solubilities of wax with and without EVA macromolecules in the solvent mixtures, the complexation between wax molecules and ordered ethylene segment, and wax solubilization within ordered ethylene segments in EVA macromolecules are suggested for qualitative description of the observed significant variation of ΔTPP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 815–821, 2002
Modification of polyolefins with silicone copolymers. I. Processing behavior and surface characterization of PP and HDPE blended with silicone copolymers
Authors: Yilgor Iskender , Yilgor Emel , Suzer Sefik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPermanent surface modification of polypropylene and high‐density polyethylene was obtained by blending with small (0.1 to 5.0% by weight) amounts of silicone copolymers. A triblock polycaprolactone‐b‐polydimethylsiloxane copolymer and a multiblock polydimethylsiloxane–urea copolymer were used as modifiers. Blends were prepared in a twin‐screw extruder. Influences of the type and amount of the additive on the processing behavior and surface and bulk properties of the resulting systems were investigated. During processing, the additives also acted as very efficient processing aids, increasing the extruder output dramatically, up to 200%. Surface characterization by water‐contact angle measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly showed the formation of silicone‐rich surfaces even with very small amounts of additives, such as 0.1% by weight. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1625–1634, 2002
Effect of hydrogen‐bond‐breaking reagent (urea) on the dimensional stability of rat tail tendon (RTT) collagen fiber
Authors: Usha R. , Ramasami T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInfluence of hydrogen‐bond‐breaking reagents such as urea on shrinkage temperature, isometric tension, swelling behavior, tensile strength, and percentage extension of native rat tail tendon (RTT) were examined. The swelling behavior was observed with polarizing optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the lyotropic swelling increased the width of the fiber and was associated with the action of urea on the collagen fiber. Hydration properties led to significant variations in the swelling phenomenon. Lyotropic swelling produced opaque, limp, and flaccid fibers that did not change appreciably in length. The melting behavior and the swollen fascicles were clearly seen in scanning electron micrographs of 3 and 6M urea‐treated RTT. The reduction in the dimensional stability of native RTT collagen fiber on treatment with urea demonstrated the role of secondary structure in the dimensional stabilization of collagen. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 975–982, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10262
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release of ibuprofen from poly(MMA‐HEMA) copolymeric core–shell hydrogel microspheres for biomedical applications
Authors: Sivakumar M. , Rao K. Panduranga 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article describes the development of a new crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymeric core–shell hydrogel microsphere incorporated with ibuprofen for potential applications in bone implants. Initially poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core microspheres were prepared by free‐radical initiation technique. On these core microspheres, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was polymerized by swelling PMMA microspheres with the HEMA monomer by using ascorbic acid and ammonium persulfate. Crosslinking monomers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) has also been included along with HEMA for polymerization. By this technique, it was possible to obtain core–shell‐type microspheres. The core is a hard PMMA microsphere having a hydrophilic poly(HEMA) shell coat on it. These microspheres are highly hydrophilic as compared to PMMA microspheres. The size of the hydrogel microspheres almost doubled when swollen in benzyl alcohol. These microspheres were characterized by various techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The particle size of both microspheres was analyzed by using Malvern Master Sizer/E particle size analyzer. The in vitro release of ibuprofen from both microspheres showed near zero‐order patterns. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3045–3054, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10310
Microencapsulation of water‐soluble herbicide by interfacial reaction. II. Release properties of microcapsules
Authors: Yeom C. K. , Kim Y. H. , Lee J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChitosan microcapsules containing the water‐soluble herbicide 3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole were fabricated at different fabrication conditions by a new microencapsulation process established in the previous work. Selecting chitosan as a capsule wall could be justified because chitosan not only has a biodegradable characteristic but also enhances the fertility of soil after degradation in the ground. The microcapsules prepared at an agitation speed of higher than 12,000 rpm were smaller than 5 μm in diameter, and the release of the active material from the capsules into pure water was sustained for 80–160 h, depending on the agitation speed used in microencapsulation. The effects of fabrication variables were discussed on the capsule size and release properties of the fabricated microcapsules. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1025–1034, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10383
Preparation of chemically crosslinked gels with maleate‐denatured poly(vinyl alcohol) and its application to drug release
Authors: Horiike Satoshi , Matsuzawa Shuji , Yamaura Kazuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMaleate‐denatured poly(vinyl alcohol) (M‐PVA) was crosslinked with heating. The mechanism of crosslinking was studied with several procedures: titration, Fourier transform infrared, and solubility. The carboxyl groups of M‐PVA consisted of carboxylates and a few free carboxyl groups. The crosslink was the ester linkage between hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Several kinds of M‐PVA tablets were prepared under different conditions: pressures of 200–600 kgf/cm2 and grain sizes of 75 (pass) to 250 μm (on). The swelling behavior of these chemically crosslinked tablets was studied in a buffer solution of pH 7.4, mainly at 37°C. Moreover, the effect of temperature from 5 to 50°C and the effect of repeated swell–dry cycles on the behavior of the tablets in a buffer solution [106 μm (on), 200 kgf/cm2] were studied. The release of p‐acetamidophenol from those tablets in the pH 7.4 buffer solution was studied. The different release patterns were due to the differences in the swelling behavior. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1178–1184, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10411