bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of SPARCC MRI-RETIC e-tools for increasing scoring proficiency of MRI sacroiliac joint lesions in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Maksymowych Walter , Hadsbjerg Anna Enevold Fløistrup E F , Østergaard Mikkel , Micheroli Raphael , Pedersen Susanne Juhl , Ciurea Adrian , Vladimirova Nora , Nissen Michael S , Bubova Kristyna , Wichuk Stephanie , de Hooge Manouk , Mathew Ashish J , Pintaric Karlo , Gregová Monika , Snoj Ziga , Wetterslev Marie , Gorican Karel , Möller Burkhard , Eshed Iris , Paschke Joel , Lambert Robert GW 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) developers have created web-based calibration modules for the SPARCC MRI sacroiliac joint (SIJ) scoring methods. We aimed to test the impact of applying these e-modules on the feasibility and reliability of these methods.MethodsThe SPARCC-SIJRETICe-modules contain cases with baseline and follow-up scans and an online scoring interface. Visual real-time feedback regarding concordance/discordance of scoring with expert readers is provided by a colour-coding scheme. Reliability is assessed in real time by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), cases being scored until ICC targets are attained. Participating readers (n=17) from the EuroSpA Imaging project were randomised to one of two reader calibration strategies that each comprised three stages. Baseline and follow-up scans from 25 cases were scored after each stage was completed. Reliability was compared with a SPARCC developer, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) assessed feasibility.ResultsThe reliability of readers for scoring bone marrow oedema was high after the first stage of calibration, and only minor improvement was noted following the use of the inflammation module. Greater enhancement of reader reliability was evident after the use of the structural module and was most consistently evident for the scoring of erosion (ICC status/change: stage 1 (0.42/0.20) to stage 3 (0.50/0.38)) and backfill (ICC status/change: stage 1 (0.51/0.19) to stage 3 (0.69/0.41)). The feasibility of both e-modules was evident by high SUS scores.ConclusionThe SPARCC-SIJRETICe-modules are feasible, effective knowledge transfer tools, and their use is recommended before using the SPARCC methods for clinical research and tria
Understanding the association between intimate partner violence and sexually transmitted infections among women in India: a propensity score matching approach
Authors: Chakrabarty Mahashweta , Singh Aditya , Mohan Diwakar , Singh Shivani 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women can significantly impact their overall health. While numerous studies in developing nations highlight the association between IPV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the evidence available within the Indian context remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the relationship between exposure to different forms of IPV and the occurrence of STIs, using a quasi-experimental approach.MethodsThe study used a sample of 63 851 women aged 15–49 years from the latest National Family Health Survey-5. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to assess the ‘treatment effect’ from exposure to IPV (physical, emotional or sexual) in the past 12 months on STIs.ResultsAbout 12.2% of women (95% CI: 11.7% to 12.8%) reported symptoms of STIs at the time of the survey. Approximately 31.9% (95% CI: 31.2% to 32.7%) of women reported experiencing at least one form of IPV—either physical, emotional or sexual IPV. Of all forms of IPV, physical IPV was the most prevalent, reported by 28.6%, followed by emotional IPV (13.2%) and sexual IPV (5.7%). Women who experienced any form of IPV—whether physical, sexual or emotional—reported a higher prevalence of STIs (17.8%) as compared with those who did not experience any IPV (9.5%). The findings from the PSM analysis indicated that among the three forms of IPV, the impact of sexual IPV on STIs was the most pronounced. The average treatment effect on the treated from exposure to sexual IPV on STIs was 0.15 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.17).ConclusionThis study provides evidence of a significant association between IPV and STIs among women in India and underscores the urgent need for intensified efforts and interventions to address both IPV and STIs, to improve the overall health and well-being of women in India.
Topological properties of basins of attraction of width bounded autoencoders
Authors: Beise Hans-Peter , Da Cruz Steve Dias 
Published: February 2024

In [A. Radhakrishnan, M. Belkin and C. Uhler, Overparameterized neural networks implement associative memory, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117(44) (2020) 27162–27170], the authors empirically show that autoencoders trained with standard SGD methods form basins of attraction around their training data. We consider network functions of width not exceeding the input dimension and prove that in this situation, such basins of attraction are bounded and their complement cannot have bounded components. Our conditions in these results are met in several experiments reported in [A. Radhakrishnan, M. Belkin and C. Uhler, Overparameterized neural networks implement associative memory, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117(44) (2020) 27162–27170] and we thus address a question posed therein. We also show that under some more restrictive conditions, the basins of attraction are path-connected. The necessity of the conditions in our results is demonstrated by means of examples.
From the classical Frenet–Serret apparatus to the curvature and torsion of quantum-mechanical evolutions. Part I. Stationary Hamiltonians
Authors: Alsing Paul M. , Cafaro Carlo 
Published: February 2024

It is known that the Frenet–Serret apparatus of a space curve in three-dimensional Euclidean space determines the local geometry of curves. In particular, the Frenet–Serret apparatus specifies important geometric invariants, including the curvature and the torsion of a curve. It is also acknowledged in quantum information science that low complexity and high efficiency are essential features to achieve when cleverly manipulating quantum states that encode quantum information about a physical system. In this paper, we propose a geometric perspective on how to quantify the bending and the twisting of quantum curves traced by dynamically evolving state vectors. Specifically, we propose a quantum version of the Frenet–Serret apparatus for a quantum trajectory in projective Hilbert space traced by a parallel-transported pure quantum state evolving unitarily under a stationary Hamiltonian specifying the Schrödinger equation. Our proposed constant curvature coefficient is given by the magnitude squared of the covariant derivative of the tangent vector [Formula: see text] to the state vector [Formula: see text] and represents a useful measure of the bending of the quantum curve. Our proposed constant torsion coefficient, instead, is defined in terms of the magnitude squared of the projection of the covariant derivative of the tangent vector [Formula: see text], orthogonal to both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The torsion coefficient provides a convenient measure of the twisting of the quantum curve. Remarkably, we show that our proposed curvature and torsion coefficients coincide with those existing in the literature, although introduced in a completely different manner. Interestingly, not only we establish that zero curvature corresponds to unit geodesic efficiency during the quantum transportation in projective Hilbert space, but we also find that the concepts of curvature and torsion help enlighten the statistical structure of quantum theory. Indeed, while the former concept can be essentially defined in terms of the concept of kurtosis, the positivity of the latter can be regarded as a restatement of the well-known Pearson inequality that involves both the concepts of kurtosis and skewness in mathematical statistics. Finally, not only do we present illustrative examples with nonzero curvature for single-qubit time-independent Hamiltonian evolutions for which it is impossible to generate torsion, but we also discuss physical applications extended to two-qubit stationary Hamiltonians that generate curves with both nonzero curvature and nonvanishing torsion traced by quantum states with different degrees of entanglement, ranging from separable states to maximally entangled Bell states. In the Appendix C, we examine the different curvature and torsion characteristics of the three qubit [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states under evolution by a quantum Heisenberg Hamiltonian.
Influence of magnetohydrodynamics on casson nanofluid heat transfer over a radiating stretching surface
Authors: Afaq Harsa , Azhar Ehtsham , Jamal Muhammad , Ali Hashmat 
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: This study is made to analyze the radiation effect in the flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson nanofluid when subjected to a magnetic field. The velocity slip over inclined nonlinear stretching surface in Forchheimer porous medium is taken into account. The Blood is considered as a base fluid and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as nanoparticles in this study. The basic purpose of this study is to analyze the heat transfer and MHD effects on the Casson nanofluid which is nowhere found in previous studies and this laydown a pathway for the future researches. Significance: Growing potential of Casson fluid by considering its applications to flow and energy transfer, the current analysis can be of great significance where working fluid used is non-Newtonian in nature. Methodology: The mathematical model consisting of flow and heat equations is solved by using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method along with shooting method in MATLAB using bvp4c solver. Results: Graphical outputs of velocity and temperature fields are obtained for various values of magnetic parameter M, Prandtl number [Formula: see text], Forchheimer parameter [Formula: see text], permeability parameter [Formula: see text] and concentration parameter [Formula: see text]. The numerical findings of coefficient of local skin friction and local Nusselt number are also tabulated. Casson fluid parameter in an increasing order impacted decreasingly on the skin friction of the fluid while magnetic number upgrade it along the sheet. The stability of fluid flow is effected by volumetric ratio of SWCNT’s nanoparticles. The boundary line temperature increases as radiation parameter rises.
Development of a Novel DNA Mono-alkylator Platform for Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Thomas Joshua D. , Yurkovetskiy Aleksandr V. , Yin Mao , Bodyak Natalya D. , Tang Shuyi , Protopopova Marina , Kelleher Eugene , Jones Brian , Yang Liping , Custar Daniel , Catcott Kalli C. , Demady Damon R. , Collins Scott D. , Xu Ling , Bu Charlie , Qin LiuLiang , Ter-Ovanesyan Elena , Damelin Marc , Toader Dorin , Lowinger Timothy B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although microtubule inhibitors (MTI) remain a therapeutically valuable payload option for antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), some cancers do not respond to MTI-based ADCs. Efforts to fill this therapeutic gap have led to a recent expansion of the ADC payload “toolbox” to include payloads with novel mechanisms of action such as topoisomerase inhibition and DNA cross-linking. We present here the development of a novel DNA mono-alkylator ADC platform that exhibits sustained tumor growth suppression at single doses in MTI-resistant tumors and is well tolerated in the rat upon repeat dosing. A phosphoramidate prodrug of the payload enables low ADC aggregation even at drug-to-antibody ratios of 5:1 while still delivering a bystander-capable payload that is effective in multidrug resistant (MDR)-overexpressing cell lines. The platform was comparable in xenograft studies to the clinical benchmark DNA mono-alkylator ADC platform DGN459 but with a significantly better tolerability profile in rats. Thus, the activity and tolerability profile of this new platform make it a viable option for the development of ADCs.
Inducing a meditative state by artificial perturbations: A mechanistic understanding of brain dynamics underlying meditation
Authors: Dagnino Paulina Clara , Galadí Javier A. , Càmara Estela , Deco Gustavo , Escrichs Anira 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Contemplative neuroscience has increasingly explored meditation using neuroimaging. However, the brain mechanisms underlying meditation remain elusive. Here, we implemented a mechanistic framework to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of expert meditators during meditation and rest, and controls during rest. We first applied a model-free approach by defining a probabilistic metastable substate (PMS) space for each condition, consisting of different probabilities of occurrence from a repertoire of dynamic patterns. Moreover, we implemented a model-based approach by adjusting the PMS of each condition to a whole-brain model, which enabled us to explore in silico perturbations to transition from resting-state to meditation and vice versa. Consequently, we assessed the sensitivity of different brain areas regarding their perturbability and their mechanistic local-global effects. Overall, our work reveals distinct whole-brain dynamics in meditation compared to rest, and how transitions can be induced with localized artificial perturbations. It motivates future work regarding meditation as a practice in health and as a potential therapy for brain disorders.
Deciphering the Constitutional Directive of the Uniform Civil Code/Resolving the ucc Dilemma
Authors: Sinha Manoj Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Indian Constitution recognises and accommodates the social and legal diversity of the country. It is interesting to note that it leaves the family outside the discipline of Fundamental Rights. Unlike many other Constitutions, neither does it contain a Fundamental Right to family nor does it disturb it by bringing the personal laws within the domain of law. The term Uniform Civil Code implies that it is applicable to all as a general rule and many support this view. Personal laws are an integral part of religion and, therefore, the enactment of Civil Code is an interference with religion. The vast majority of Muslim in India adheres to this view that the Uniform Civil Code would interfere in the personal law. The present paper aims to examine the feasibility of the implementation of Uniform Civil Code in India in the context of the recent push by the government of India. Recognising the interplay between the fundamental rights and the constitutional directives in the context of the debate around Uniform Civil Code, the paper also outlines in brief Part iii and Part iv of the Constitution and their relationships.
Impact of Deforestation in the Maritime Continent on the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Chang Chiung-Wen June , Lo Min-Hui , Tseng Wan-Ling , Tsai Yu-Cian , Yu Jia-Yuh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Deforestation is a major issue affecting both regional and global hydroclimates. This study investigated the effect of deforestation in the Maritime Continent (MC) on tropical intraseasonal climate variability. Using a global climate model with credible Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) simulations, we examined the effect of deforestation over the MC region by replacing the forest canopy with grassland. The results revealed that under constant orographic and land–sea contrast forcing, the modification of the canopy over the MC altered the characteristics of the MJO. We noted the amplification of the MJO and increases in wet–dry fluctuation and the zonal extent. We analyzed more than 100 MJO cases by performing K-means clustering and determined that the continuous propagation of the MJO over the MC increased from 35% in the control experiment to 61% in the deforestation experiment. This phenomenon of less blocked MJO over the MC in the deforestation run was associated with more substantial precipitation, increased soil moisture, and a suppressed diurnal cycle in land convection. Furthermore, when the MJO convection was over the Indian Ocean (IO), we observed the enhancement of low-level moisture over the MC region in the deforestation experiment. Grassland surface forcing provides a thermodynamic source for triggering instability in the atmosphere, resulting in low-level moisture convergence. The MJO exhibited a stronger energy recharge–discharge cycle in the deforestation experiment than in the control experiment, and this difference between the experiments enlarged as the MJO progressed from the IO to MC.
Variable-Dependent and Selective Multivariate Localization for Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation in the Tropics
Authors: Lee Joshua Chun Kwang , Amezcua Javier , Bannister Ross Noel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Two aspects of ensemble localization for data assimilation are explored using the simplified nonhydrostatic ABC model in a tropical setting. The first aspect (i) is the ability to prescribe different localization length scales for different variables (variable-dependent localization). The second aspect (ii) is the ability to control (i.e., to knock out by localization) multivariate error covariances (selective multivariate localization). These aspects are explored in order to shed light on the cross-covariances that are important in the tropics and to help determine the most appropriate localization configuration for a tropical ensemble–variational (EnVar) data assimilation system. Two localization schemes are implemented within the EnVar framework to achieve (i) and (ii). One is called the isolated variable-dependent localization (IVDL) scheme and the other is called the symmetric variable-dependent localization (SVDL) scheme. Multicycle observation system simulation experiments are conducted using IVDL or SVDL mainly with a 100-member ensemble, although other ensemble sizes are studied (between 10 and 1000 members). The results reveal that selective multivariate localization can reduce the cycle-averaged root-mean-square error (RMSE) in the experiments when cross-covariances associated with hydrostatic balance are retained and when zonal wind/mass error cross-covariances are knocked out. When variable-dependent horizontal and vertical localization are incrementally introduced, the cycle-averaged RMSE is further reduced. Overall, the best performing experiment using both variable-dependent and selective multivariate localization leads to a 3%–4% reduction in cycle-averaged RMSE compared to the traditional EnVar experiment. These results may inform the possible improvements to existing tropical numerical weather prediction systems that use EnVar data assimilation.
Lysholm and KOOS QoL Demonstrate High Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Abed Varag , Kapp Sabryn , Nichols Michael , Castle Joshua P. , Landy David C. , Conley Caitlin , Stone Austin V. 
Published: February 2024

Background: There have been a large number of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine which PROMs are being commonly used in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to assess patients undergoing ACLR and to compare the responsiveness between them. It was hypothesized that the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score would be the most commonly used and responsive PROM among patients undergoing ACLR. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Level of evidence, 2. Methods: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed, and relevant studies were extracted from the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language RCTs reporting on PROMs after ACLR. For articles meeting our inclusion criteria for responsiveness analysis (≥2 PROMs reported, 1 year minimum follow-up, and reported pre- and postoperative PROM means and standard deviations), the responsiveness between PROMs was compared using effect size (ES) and relative efficiency (RE). Results: A total of 108 articles met the inclusion criteria, comprising 9034 patients (mean age, 29.9 years; mean body mass index, 24.3; mean follow-up time, 36.1 months). There were 34 PROMs identified. The top 3 most commonly reported PROMs were the IKDC (n = 68; 63.0%), Lysholm (n = 65; 60.2%), and Tegner (n = 47; 43.5%) scores. The 2 PROMs with the highest ES were the ACL–Quality of Life (QoL) (3.37) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) QoL (2.07) scores. Compared with other PROMs, Lysholm and KOOS QoL scores had the greatest RE values. The Lysholm score had a greater RE than the KOOS Pain (RE, 1.17), KOOS Symptoms (RE, 1.22), KOOS Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (RE, 1.42), KOOS Sport/Recreation (RE, 1.55), KOOS QoL (RE, 1.41), and Tegner (RE, 2.89) scores. KOOS QoL had a greater RE than the IKDC (RE, 1.32), KOOS Pain (RE, 1.60), KOOS Symptoms (RE, 2.12), KOOS ADL (RE, 3.03), KOOS Sport/Recreation (RE, 1.27), and Tegner (RE, 2.06) scores. Conclusion: The IKDC score is the most commonly reported PROM in RCTs after ACLR; however, the Lysholm and KOOS QoL scores demonstrated the highest responsiveness in patients undergoing ACLR compared with other PROMs.
Single-Dose Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Modulates Inflammation During Meniscal Tear Healing in the Avascular Zone
Authors: Huang Mingru , Shao Hong , Zhang Shurong , Gao Han , Feng Sijia , Sun Luyi , Yu Chengxuan , Du Xiner , Chen Jun , Li Yunxia 
Published: February 2024

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) promotes tissue healing by modulating inflammation, which has implications for meniscal tear healing in the avascular zone. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a single dose of radial ESWT on the healing process and inflammation of the meniscus and knee joints after meniscal tears in the avascular zone. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Avascular tears were induced in the medial meniscus (MM) of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats. One week postoperatively, the rats received a single session of radial ESWT with a Power+ handpiece (ESWT group; n = 36) or with a fake handpiece (sham-ESWT group; n = 36). The rats were then euthanized at 2, 4, or 8 weeks postoperatively. The MMs were harvested for analysis of healing (hematoxylin-eosin, safranin O–Fast Green, and collagen type 2 staining) and inflammation (interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6 staining). Lateral menisci and synovia were obtained to evaluate knee joint inflammation (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IL-1β and IL-6). Cartilage degeneration was assessed in the femurs and tibial plateaus using safranin O–Fast Green staining. Results: The ESWT group showed significantly better meniscal healing scores than the sham-ESWT group at 4 ( P = .0066) and 8 ( P = .0050) weeks postoperatively. The IL-1β level was significantly higher in the sham-ESWT group than in the ESWT group at 2 (MM: P = .0009; knee joint: P = .0160) and 8 (MM: P = .0399; knee joint: P = .0001) weeks. The IL-6 level was significantly lower in the sham-ESWT group than in the ESWT group at 2 (knee joint: P = .0184) and 4 (knee joint: P = .0247) weeks but higher at 8 weeks (MM: P = .0169; knee joint: P = .0038). The sham group had significantly higher osteoarthritis scores than the ESWT group at 4 (tibial plateau: P = .0157) and 8 (femur: P = .0048; tibial plateau: P = .0359) weeks. Conclusion: A single dose of radial ESWT promoted meniscal tear healing in the avascular zone, modulated inflammatory factors in the menisci and knee joints in rats, and alleviated cartilage degeneration. Clinical Relevance: Radial ESWT can be considered a potential option for improving meniscal tear healing in the avascular zone because of its ability to modulate inflammation.