bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tank‐mix adjuvants and pesticide residues: some regulatory and quantitative aspects
Authors: Holloway Peter J , Western Nigel M 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAlthough it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage‐applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene–butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop‐methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop‐methyl 378 g litre−1 EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre−1 EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha−1 and 125 g AI ha−1, respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop‐methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg−1 fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg−1 FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg−1 FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg−1 FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg−1 FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15 mg kg−1 FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10–0.16 mg AI kg−1 FW) over the no‐adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg−1 FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop‐methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg−1 FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg−1 FW. Recoveries of diclofop‐methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg−1 FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2mg to 0.15mg kg−1 FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Seungnoidan increases cerebrocortical ATP and acetylcholine contents in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Ma J. Y. , Choo Y. K. , Lee S. H. , Jeong H. Y. , Keum K. S. , Choi B. K. , Jung K. Y. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of Seungnoidan (SND), which has been widely used as a remedy for cerebroneuronal diseases in Korean folk medicine, on the cerebrocortical adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acetylcholine (ACh) contents in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were ovariectomized and maintained for 12 weeks to deplete ovarian steroid hormones, followed by oral administration of SND at 500 mg/kg/day for 14 weeks. SND markedly attenuated the high rate of body weight increase in OVX rats, and also reduced the decline of cerebral weight caused by ovariectomy (p < 0.05). Superfusion of SND at 50 mg/kg signiﬁcantly increased the rate of cerebral blood ﬂow, but did not change the mean arterial blood pressure. Deprivation of ovarian steroid hormones signiﬁcantly decreased the cerebral ATP, choline and ACh contents, and these reductions were reduced by treatment of OVX rats with SND (p < 0.01). Additionally, SND also signiﬁcantly elevated the cerebral choline acetyltransferase activities reduced by OVX (p < 0.01). Taken together, these results suggest that the pharmacological properties of SND may be implicated in the improvement of metabolic pathways of cerebral energy and cholinergic neurotransmitter function induced by deprivation of ovarian steroid hormones, and SND may be a promising herbal remedy for treatment of cerebral dysfunctions including dementia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antinociceptive activity of Sempervivum tectorum L. extract in rats
Authors: Kekesi Gabriella , Dobos Ildiko , Benedek György , Horvath Gyöngyi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe extract of Sempervivum tectorum L. (Crassulaceae) containing several ﬂavonoids is widely used as an antiinﬂammatory agent in folk medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated that various ﬂavonoids or ﬂavonoid‐containing plant extracts produce signiﬁcant antinociception, but no data are available concerning their antinociceptive effect especially at the spinal level. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antinociceptive activity of Sempervivum tectorum L. extract on acute and inﬂammatory pain sensitivity in awake rats.The pain sensitivity was assessed by the acute tail‐ﬂick test in intact rats and by the paw withdrawal test after carrageenan‐induced inﬂammation using heat stimulus. The plant extract was administered intraperitoneally and intrathecally in rats.The intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of the extract (1000 mg/kg) signiﬁcantly (p < 0.05) increased the paw withdrawal latency of the inﬂamed paw. The intrathecal administration (30–300 µg) caused a small, but signiﬁcant increase (10%–15%) in tail‐ﬂick latency. In the carrageenan‐induced inﬂammatory model, the intrathecally applied extract (30–1000 µg) signiﬁcantly decreased, but did not relieve the thermal hyperalgesia. The results suggest that the spinal cord does not seem to play an important role in the antinociceptive effects of this plant extract. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of Achillea clavennae L. essential oil
Authors: Bezić Nada , Skočibušić Mirjana , Dunkić Valerija , Radonić Ani 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe volatile constituents of Achillea clavennae L. (Asteraceae), rare plant of Europe, have been analysed using GC/MS. Twenty‐ﬁve components making up 81.6% of the oil were characterized with camphor (29.5%), myrcene (5.5%), 1,8‐cineole (5.3%), β‐caryophyllene (5.1%) and linalool (4.9%) being the major constituents. The essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The screening of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil was conducted by a disc diffusion test against Gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis), Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis) and fungal organisms (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans). The activity was more pronounced against Gram‐negative and fungal organisms than against Gram‐positive bacteria. A. clavennae oil was found to possess antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all fungal organisms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo and in vitro studies on the anticancer activity of Copaifera multijuga hayne and its fractions
Authors: Lima Sylvia R. M. , Junior Valdir F. Veiga , Christo Herick B. , Pinto Angelo C. , Fernandes Patricia D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCopaiba oil resin (COR) obtained from Copaifera multijuga Hayne has been used in popular medicine as an antinﬂammatory and for the treatment of bronchitis, ulcers and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of COR and its fractions on the inhibition of lung metastasis and tumour growth induced by B16F10 melanoma cells in mice and cytotoxicity in vitro using Trypan Blue exclusion method and MTT conversion.Mice which have received subcutaneously B16F10 cells developed a solid tumour that reached a peak at 17 days. Together with the increase in tumour growth we also observed an increase in the number of lung nodules. There was a positive correlation between the in vitro cytotoxic assay and in vivo antitumour activity. The oral administration of COR (at 2 g/Kg in the days 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 14 after inoculation of tumoral cells) reduced tumour growth by 58% and tumour weight by 76%. At the same dose COR reduced the number of lung nodules by 47.1%. In vitro experiments showed that COR incubated with the melanoma cell line reduced cell viability in a concentration and time‐dependent manner. Diterpenic and sesquiterpenic fractions or reconstituted oil induced cytotoxicity. Our results shows that COR and its fractions have tumouricidal activity in the melanoma cell line in both models in vivo and in vitro. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of a catechin‐rich extract of Cocos nucifera on lymphocytes proliferation
Authors: Kirszberg Clarice , Esquenazi Daniele , Alviano Celuta Sales , Rumjanek Vivian M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCatechins are polyphenols with antioxidant activity. The fruit Cocos nucifera (Palmae) has a ﬁber husk rich in catechins and the local population of northeast Brazil uses it as a medicine against various diseases. An anti‐bacterial and anti‐viral activity has been already observed using this substance. Plant extracts, from other sources, rich in catechins are inhibitory to tumour cells, suppressing their proliferation. The aim of the present work was to verify if catechins isolated from Cocos nucifera were capable of inhibiting cell proliferation. An extract obtained from Cocos nucifera was puriﬁed through adsorption chromatography using the resin XAD‐2. The puriﬁed material was used in cultures of an erythroleukaemia cell line (K562) and on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cell viability was assessed using MTT. Cellular proliferation was measured by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and cell cycle analysis in a ﬂow cytometer. A dose‐dependent inhibitory effect was observed on tumour cells and on lymphocytes activated by phytohemaglutinin (PHA) or phorbol ester. For PHA this effect was irreversible being already established on the ﬁrst four hours of culture. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant principles from the needles of red pine, Pinus densiﬂora
Authors: Jung Mee Jung , Chung Hae Young , Choi Jin Ho , Choi Jae Sue 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAntioxidant activity of Pinus densiﬂora Sieb. et Zucc. (Pinaceae) was evaluated for potential to inhibit hydroxyl radicals, inhibit total reactive oxygen species generation in kidney homogenates using 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydroﬂuorescein diacetate (DCHF‐DA) and scavenge authentic peroxynitrites. The methanolic extract of P. densiﬂora showed strong antioxidant activity in the tested model systems and thus fractionated with several solvents. The antioxidant activity potential of the individual fraction was in the order of ethyl acetate > n‐butanol > water > dichloromethane fraction. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibiting strong antioxidant activity was further puriﬁed by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatographies. An active lignan (+)‐isolarisiresinol xylopyranoside, as well as two active ﬂavonoids [kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐galactopyranoside and its 6″‐acetyl derivative], were isolated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity and antiviral activity of cinnabarin obtained from Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr
Authors: Smânia A. , Marques C. J. S. , Smânia E. F. A. , Zanetti C. R. , Carobrez S. G. , Tramonte R. , Loguercio‐Leite C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis work describes the cytopathic effect on cells, cytotoxic action on mice, and antiviral activity of cinnabarin. This substance had no effect on mouse neuroblastoma cells (NA cell, ATCC clone C‐1300) at a concentration of 0.31 mg/ml, it was not able to cause toxic effects in mice at concentrations of 1000 mg/kg, and reduced by four times the titers of the rabies virus at concentrations of 0.31 mg/ml. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Jaoga‐Yukmiwon®, a Korean herbal medicine, on chondrocyte proliferation and longitudinal bone growth in adolescent male rats
Authors: Leem K. , Park S. Y. , Lee D. H. , Boo Y. M. , Cho K. H. , Lim J. , Jeon H. , Park H. J. , Chung J. H. , Kim H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractExternally visible growth of the body is the result of proliferation of chondrocytes and longitudinal bone growth. The effects of the Korean herbal medicine, Jaoga‐Yukmiwon®, on the growth of adolescent rats were investigated in the present study. The proliferation ratio of chondrocytes was calculated from 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation during DNA synthesis. The 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation ratio of the control group was 21.1 ± 3.5%, and Jaoga‐Yukmiwon® administration markedly increased the ratio to 34.5 ± 4.6% (p < 0.05). The bone formation rate of longitudinal bone was estimated by labelling with tetracycline, which binds to newly formed bone. The bone formation rate in the tibia of Jaoga‐Yukmiwon®‐administered rats was increased to 405.1 ± 4.3 µm (p < 0.05) from 292.2 ± 11.8 µm (control value). The height of the growth plate in the administrated rats was increased to 614.6 ± 10.0 µm (p < 0.05) from 552.3 ± 17.1 µm. The bone morphogenetic protein‐2 immunostaining in the growth plate was also increased. These results suggest that Jaoga‐Yukmiwon® may promote longitudinal bone growth during the developmental period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological activities of Prunella vulgaris extract
Authors: Psotová Jitka , Kolář Milan , Soušek Jaromír , Švagera Zdeněk , Vičar Jaroslav , Ulrichová Jitka 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe organic fraction (OF; 25.7% w/w of rosmarinic acid) of Prunella vulgaris (total extract) was found to exhibit the following: scavenging activity on diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), inhibition of in vitro human LDL Cu(II)‐mediated oxidation, protection of rat mitochondria and rat hepatocytes exposed to either tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, or to Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions. OF also showed a potential to inhibit rat erythrocyte haemolysis and it reduced the production of LTB4 in bovine PMNL generated by the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway. Other observations included antiproliferative effects against HaCaT cells and mouse epidermal ﬁbroblasts and a moderate OF antimicrobial activity on gram‐positive bacteria. Rosmarinic, caffeic and 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acids exhibited less potent activity than the plant extract in all bioassays. The antioxidative, antimicrobial, together with antiviral effects offer good prospects for the medicinal applications of P. vulgaris. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antitussive potential of methanol extract of stem bark of Ficus racemosa Linn.
Authors: Bhaskara Rao R. , Murugesan T. , Pal M. , Saha B. P. , Mandal S. C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe methanol extract of Ficus racemosa Linn (Moraceae) (stem bark) (MEFR) was tested for its antitussive potential against a cough induced model by sulphur dioxide gas in mice. The extract demonstrated signiﬁcant (p < 0.001) antitussive activity at all tested dose levels when compared with the control. The antitussive activity of the extract was comparable to that of codeine phosphate (10 mg), a standard antitussive agent. The extract exhibited maximum inhibition of 56.9% at a dose of 200 mg/kg (p.o.) 90 min after administration. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of in vitro antiviral activity in methanol extracts against inﬂuenza virus type A from Korean medicinal plants
Authors: Park Kap Joo 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMethanol extracts from 101 Korean medicinal plants were tested for inhibitory activity against inﬂuenza virus type A by means of a modiﬁed haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. MM‐57, MM‐72, MM‐104 and MM‐110, four of 101 extracts tested exhibited strong anti‐inﬂuenza virus type A activity at concentration ranges of 0.78–6.25 mg/mL, 0.78–3.13 mg/mL, 0.78–1.56 mg/mL and 0.0975–0.39 mg/mL, respectively. The extracts MM‐57, MM‐72 and MM‐110 showed very strong anti‐inﬂuenza virus type A activity in the range 1.56–6.25 mg/mL, 1.56–3.13 mg/mL and 195–390 µg/mL, respectively. The four methanol extracts were weakly cytotoxic to red blood cells. These results demonstrated that four methanol extracts of Korean medicinal plants exhibit strong anti‐inﬂuenza virus type A activity, and weak cytotoxic effects. They may inhibit attachment of the virus to the cell and may therefore be used for prophylaxis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐HIV‐1 limonoid: first isolation from Clausena excavata
Authors: Sunthitikawinsakul Arunrat , Kongkathip Ngampong , Kongkathip Boonsong , Phonnakhu Sida , Daly John W. , Spande Thomas F. , Nimit Yuth , Napaswat Chanita , Kasisit Jittra , Yoosook Chalobon 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA limonoid, clausenolide‐1‐ethyl ether (1) and two coumarins, dentatin (2) and nor‐dentatin (3), were isolated from Clausena excavata. Limonoid 1 was obtained from the crude ethanol extract of the rhizomes and the roots but had not previously been isolated from C. excavata and exhibited HIV‐1 inhibitory activity. Coumarins 2 and 3, with their structures related to an anti‐HIV‐1 substance, (+)‐calanolide A (4), were obtained from the crude chloroform extract of the rhizomes. Both induced toxicity to cells used in a syncytium assay for anti‐HIV‐1 activity. These compounds, 1–3, did not show any cytotoxic effect against KB and BC‐1 cell lines (IC50 value > 20 µg/mL). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic interactions among QSAR descriptors
Authors: Peterangelo Stephen C. , Seybold Paul G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractQuantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) and quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) rely on regression equations containing numerical descriptors of molecular structure. In constructing these models, highly correlated descriptors are sometimes excluded from the regression equations. Although this exclusion seems reasonable, in fact it can lead investigators to overlook significant descriptor combinations, because the small differences between highly correlated descriptors sometimes encode important structural information. Furthermore, the multicollinearity that results from employing correlated descriptors is not as serious a problem as is often assumed. Described are several examples of cases in which pairs of highly correlated, poorly performing single‐parameter descriptors yield highly significant structure–property regression equations. In effect, the descriptors act synergistically and yield regression equations that model the systems examined better than the sum of the individual components. A discussion of practical approaches to this problem is given. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Transformed Dirac equation for the hydrogen atom, comparison with previous approaches in momentum space, and the anomalous Zeeman effect in momentum representation
Authors: Datta Sambhu N. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe solution of a unitarily transformed Dirac equation for the hydrogenic electron in zero magnetic field is investigated here. The momentum‐space representation is adopted as a natural recourse. The spinor part of the transformed wavefunction in momentum space can be easily prescribed for a central potential. Hence, for the Coulomb potential, a pair of equations is obtained for the radial components in momentum space. It is shown that starting from these radial equations, one can recover the equations previously derived by Rubinowicz, Lévy, and Lombardi for the problem of the Dirac hydrogen atom in momentum space. This establishes equivalence among different approaches based on the momentum representation, including the current treatment. The recovery of the equations due to Rubinowicz permits the exact eigenvalues to be written down and exact expressions to be derived for the radial components of the transformed wavefunction in momentum space. A new approach is adopted to carry out a reduction to the nonrelativistic regime and the nonrelativistic limit. At first the transformed momentum‐space equation for the hydrogen atom is rewritten in terms of the hyperspherical coordinates. The zeroth‐order solutions of the new equation are recovered in the limit c → ∞ where c is the speed of light. These are manifestly separable into positive‐ and negative‐energy forms. For positive energy, these solutions have nonvanishing upper components that are two‐component spinors. The latter exactly correspond to the single‐component, nonrelativistic, momentum‐space solutions derived by Fock. It is shown that when the upper component is corrected through first order in v2/c2 but the separability is still maintained for the transformed wavefunction, one retrieves the Pauli equation in momentum space. It is also shown that for a hydrogen atom placed in a uniform magnetic field, the nonvanishing momentum‐space matrix elements representing the anomalous Zeeman effect have a simple form, namely, the product of a radial integral and an angular integral. These integrals are equal to the well‐known radial and angular integrals in coordinate representation. The matrix elements can be easily evaluated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Geminal approach to vibronic models of superconductivity in crystals. I. The Jahn–Teller effect
Authors: Palting Pancracio , Letelier Jorge Ricardo , Chiu Ying Nan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractElectronic geminals constructed as linear combinations of binary products of site functions are used to formulate a vibronic model of superconductivity in crystals that is based upon the approximation of independent correlated electron pairs obtained variationally from an electron‐pair Hamiltonian and the Jahn–Teller effect. The cyclic symmetry of the system is taken into account and the geminals are sorted into doubly degenerate pairs. The Herzberg–Teller expansion of the pair Hamiltonian in terms of vibrational modes leads directly to the Jahn–Teller effect. A contact transformation of the vibronic Hamiltonian containing only linear terms lowers the energy of the system by a second‐order term associated with the Jahn–Teller stabilization energy. A possible model for superconductivity in solids is proposed on the basis of the Jahn–Teller effect. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Formulation of unrestricted and restricted Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov equations
Authors: Yamaki Daisuke , Ohsaku Tadafumi , Nagao Hidemi , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (HFB) method, dealing with Bogoliubov orbitals, which consist of particle and hole part, can provide states with pair correlations associated with Cooper pairs. The dimension of HFB Fock matrices can be reduced by restrictions of spin states of Bogoliubov orbitals similarly to ordinary Hartree–Fock (HF) equations such as restricted HF (RHF), unrestricted HF (UHF), and generalized HF (GHF). However, there are few studies of moderate restricted HFB equations such as UHF‐based HFB equations. In this article, formulation and calculations of restricted HFB equations are described. The solutions of general and restricted HFB equations are compared. Pair correlations taking account of restricted and general HFB equations are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004