bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and disease burden of gastroparesis in Asia
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Tung , Azzopardi Neville , Broad John 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGastroparesis is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by significant prolongation of gastric emptying time caused by impaired motility of the stomach. Its estimated prevalence is 24.2 per 100 000 people. However, the prevalence of gastroparesis in Asian countries is unknown due to a limited number of epidemiological studies and significant phenotypic variability of the Asian population in these studies. Analysis of previous research on gastroparesis and functional bowel disorders reveals the possibility of an increased prevalence among Asian individuals. A comparison of ethnic constituents between the recent United Kingdom gastroparesis study and its mother database has demonstrated a higher prevalence of gastroparesis among British Asian patients when compared with British Caucasian patients. An estimated gastroparesis prevalence in the Asian population can be calculated by identifying the individuals who are likely to demonstrate a delayed gastric emptying from all diagnosed functional dyspepsia patients. We suggest that gastroparesis tends to be underdiagnosed in Asians due to a lack of studies on gastroparesis in the Asian continent, a lack of knowledge among practitioners, and poor availability of scintigraphy testing as well as limited therapeutic options for this disease. Given the high probability of Asian predominance in gastroparesis and its disease impact on quality of life, epidemiological research focusing on the Asian population is required.
A multiangle polarised imaging‐based method for thin section segmentation
Authors: Chen Yan , Yi Yu , Dai Yongfang , Shi Xiangchao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe most crucial task of petroleum geology is to explore oil and gas reservoirs in the deep underground. As one of the analysis techniques in petroleum geological research, rock thin section identification method includes particle segmentation, which is one of the key steps. A conventional sandstone thin section image typically contains hundreds of mineral particles with blurred boundaries and complex microstructures inside the particles. Moreover, the complex lithology and low porosity of tight sandstone make traditional image segmentation methods unsuitable for solving the complex thin section segmentation problems. This paper combines petrology and image processing technologies. First, polarised sequence images are aligned, and then the images are transformed to the HSV colour space to extract pores. Second, particles are extracted according to their extinction characteristics. Last, a concavity and corner detection matching method is used to process the extracted particles, thereby completing the segmentation of sandstone thin section images. The experimental results show that our proposed method can more accurately fit the boundaries of mineral particles in sandstone images than existing image segmentation methods. Additionally, when applied in actual production scenarios, our method exhibits excellent performance, greatly improving thin section identification efficiency and significantly assisting experts in identification.
Prescriptive Theorizing in Management Research: A New Impetus for Addressing Grand Challenges
Authors: Hanisch Marvin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough management research has a rich tradition of both descriptive and prescriptive theorizing, the latter is often (and erroneously) viewed as unscientific, purely practice‐oriented, or simply a corollary of descriptive analysis. Prescriptive theorizing concerns how things should be and how they can be achieved, as opposed to descriptive theorizing, which focuses on why or how things are (interrelated). Accordingly, prescriptive theorizing has strong normative and instrumental properties, which are especially relevant when addressing pressing societal, ecological, and ethical concerns, also referred to as grand challenges, that demand a re‐evaluation of established norms and behavioural patterns. However, this opportunity is currently underutilized in the management literature, and there is a lack of guidance on how to leverage the principles of prescriptive theorizing. Therefore, I clarify its main characteristics, outline how scholars can construct rigorous prescriptive arguments, and show how normative and instrumental reasoning can promote positive social change. Embracing prescriptive theorizing as a vital complement to descriptive theorizing in management research provides scholars with an intellectual toolkit to actively engage in the urgent discourse on grand challenges and develop compelling new and impactful theories.
Panacea or Dangerous Practice: A Counterpoint to Hanisch's Argument for Prescriptive Theorizing
Authors: Horner Samuel , Cornelissen Joep , Zundel Mike 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper we provide a counterpoint to the view that prescriptive theorizing reflects a viable means for enhancing the practical impact of management theorizing towards addressing some of the most pressing societal concerns and grand challenges of our times. To do so, we first contextualize the roots of prescriptive theorizing in management research, arguing that the approach developed by Hanisch is reflective of the wider ‘positive’ prescriptive turn in social science theorizing. Second, we problematize the presumptive basis upon which much prescriptive theorizing as well as related ideas around utopian thinking are based. In doing so, our broader aim is to draw attention to the bases upon which prescriptive claims are made and we specifically highlight the dangers of implementing decontextualized, overly simple and stylized prescriptions in the face of complex grand challenges. In contrast to prescriptive theorizing, we propose that the practical impact of management theory may rather be enhanced through a tempering of instrumental rationality with a deep(er) concern for phenomena and experience. We conclude the paper by offering a number of ways in which this can be done.
Comparative assessment of emulsifiers for in vitro ruminal gas production and fermentation measurements: Tween 80 is a suitable emulsifier
Authors: Sun Xiaoge , Li Yang , Giller Katrin , Kunz Carmen , Terranova Melissa , Niu Mutian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmulsifiers are essential for achieving a homogenous distribution of lipophilic supplements in in vitro rumen fluid incubations. Since emulsifiers can alter rumen fermentation, it is crucial to select one that minimally impacts fermentation parameters to reduce potential biases. This study aimed to evaluate seven emulsifiers’ impact on in vitro ruminal fermentation using the Hohenheim Gas Test in order to identify the most inert emulsifier. Rumen fluids were collected from three non‐lactating Original Brown‐Swiss cannulated cows before morning feeding and incubated for 24 h with a basal diet in triplicates. The emulsifiers tested were ethanol, ethyl acetate, propylene glycol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, soy lecithin, and Tween® 80, each in two dosages (0.5% or 1% v/v). The untreated basal diet served as control. Compared to control, in vitro organic matter digestibility was enhanced by ethyl acetate (by 36.9 and 48.2%), ethylene glycol (by 20.6 and 20.1%), glycerol (by 46.9 and 56.8%) and soy lecithin (by 19.7 and 26.8%) at 0.5 and 1% dosage, respectively. Additionally, the 24‐h methane production increased for ethanol (by 41.9 and 46.2%), ethylene glycol (by 50.5 and 51.5%), and glycerol (by 63.1 and 65.4%) for the 0.5 and 1% dosage, respectively, and 0.5% dosage for ethyl acetate (by 31.6%). The acetate molar proportion was 17.2%pt higher for ethyl acetate, and 25.5%pt lower for glycerol at 1% dosage, compared to the control. The propionate concentration was 22.1%pt higher 1% glycerol, and 15.2%pt and 15.1%pt higher for 0.5 and 1% propylene glycol, respectively, compared to the control. In summary, Tween® 80 did not significantly affect in vitro rumen fermentation parameters, making it the most suitable choice for in vitro incubations involving lipophilic substances in rumen fluid. Ethanol may be considered as an alternative emulsifier if methane production is not the variable of interest.
Vapor pressure deficit drives the mortality of understorey woody plants during drought recovery in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Hollunder Renan Köpp , Garbin Mário Luís , Scarano Fabio Rubio , Carrijo Tatiana Tavares , Cavatte Paulo Cezar , Stein‐Soares Bethina , Mendonça Caio , Mariotte Pierre 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuestionDrought‐induced tree mortality has been documented in forests worldwide but the mechanisms related to drought recovery are still poorly understood. To better predict forest trajectories under future climate scenarios, it is essential to disentangle physiological mechanisms underlying plant mortality caused by El Niño droughts. Here, we assessed how vegetation structure, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and functional traits interact to mediate tree mortality after a severe drought in a tropical forest.LocationMata das Flores State Park, an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeast Brazil.MethodsWe established 20 permanent plots with contrasting vegetation structure and topography. In each plot, we measured tree abundance and diameter at breast height (DBH) of every woody plant (1–10 cm diameter) at the end of the drought, and two years after the break of drought, to calculate mortality rates during drought recovery. Hydraulic (e.g., maximum stomatal conductance to water vapor, stomatal density, etc.) and economic traits (specific leaf area, wood density, etc.) were measured on the 10 most abundant species. We also measured local air temperature and air humidity using HOBO dataloggers in each plot to calculate the VPD.ResultsThe studied Atlantic Forest understorey did not recover from the 2014–2016 drought, in terms of tree mortality. Lower VPD, driven by big trees in the valley, protected understorey plants with acquisitive economic attributes and conservative hydraulic attributes against mortality. On the other hand, higher VPD, driven by smaller trees and higher stem density on the ridge and slope, increased the mortality of understorey plants with acquisitive attributes.ConclusionRidges represent the most important fraction of the Atlantic Forest and our results suggest this type of forest is at high climate risk due to global change. Altogether, our results highlight that valleys are microclimate refuges for understorey plants and might help mitigate drought impacts in tropical forest under forecasted climate changes.
Along the river: Longitudinal patterns of functional and taxonomic diversity of plants in riparian forests
Authors: Surmacz Bartłomiej , Foremnik Kacper , Pielech Remigiusz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuestionsThe River Continuum Concept (RCC) predicts a gradual shift of functional adaptations of organisms along the longitudinal (upstream–downstream) gradient, as well as the maximization of the biotic diversity in mid‐reaches. Although this theoretical framework was originally developed for stream macroinvertebrates, we tested whether such a pattern can also be observed in riparian plant communities.LocationThe study was conducted in the upper catchments of the San and Wisłoka Rivers in southeastern Poland. In both catchments, very well preserved riparian forests occur continuously along both rivers.MethodsWe studied the cover of plant species in riparian forests across two river networks. We analyzed the taxonomic and functional diversity indices, as well as community‐weighted means of functional traits in relation to the plots' positions in the catchments.ResultsThe functional richness and divergence displayed unimodal patterns of increasing values in the mid‐reaches. The patterns of taxonomic diversity were similar, but some plots in the lowest reaches were more diverse than expected, forming an additional increase in diversity. The observed patterns were largely in line with the predictions of RCC. We discovered a significant decrease in the specific leaf area and an increase in the height of herbaceous plants in communities along a longitudinal gradient. There was also a shift in the dispersal syndromes, toward a higher importance of zoochory in the lower reaches.ConclusionsThe study shows that plant communities in natural riparian forests show continuous species turnover along the longitudinal gradient that, along with the longitudinal shift of abiotic factors, creates patterns that are known from theoretical predictions.
Allelic variation of PmCBF03 contributes to the altitude and temperature adaptability in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.)
Authors: Huang Xiao , Gao Feng , Zhou Pengyu , Ma Chengdong , Tan Wei , Ma Yufan , Li Minglu , Ni Zhaojun , Shi Ting , Hayat Faisal , Li Yongping , Gao Zhihong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractJapanese apricot is an important subtropical deciduous fruit tree in China, widely distributed in different altitude areas. How does it adapt to the different temperature environments in these areas? In this study, we identified a low‐temperature transcription factor PmCBF03 on chromosome 7 through adaptive analysis of populations at different altitudes, which has an early termination single nucleotide polymorphism mutation. There were two different types of variation, PmCBF03A type in high‐altitude areas and PmCBF03T type in low‐altitude areas. PmCBF03A gene increased the survival rate, Fv/Fm values, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes, and reducing electrolyte leakage and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in transgenic Arabidopsis under low temperature and freezing stress. Simultaneously, PmCBF03A gene promoted the dormancy of transgenic Arabidopsis seeds than wild‐type. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that PmCBF03A directly bound to the DRE/CRT element in the promoters of the PmCOR413, PmDAM6 and PmABI5 genes, promoting their transcription and enhanced the cold resistance and dormancy of the overexpressing PmCBF03A lines. While PmCBF03T gene is unable to bind to the promoters of PmDAM6 and PmABI5 genes, leading to early release of dormancy to adapt to the problem of insufficient chilling requirement in low‐altitude areas.
Profiling of the gene expression and alternative splicing landscapes of Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Fan Chunjie , Lyu Mingjie , Zeng Bingshan , He Qiang , Wang Xiaoping , Lu Meng‐Zhu , Liu Bobin , Liu Jun , Esteban Eddi , Pasha Asher , Provart Nicholas J. , Wang Huan , Zhang Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEucalyptus is a widely planted hardwood tree species due to its fast growth, superior wood properties and adaptability. However, the post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling tissue development and stress responses in Eucalyptus remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the gene expression profile and the alternative splicing (AS) landscape of E. grandis using strand‐specific RNA‐Seq, which encompassed 201 libraries including different organs, developmental stages, and environmental stresses. We identified 10 416 genes (33.49%) that underwent AS, and numerous differentially expressed and/or differential AS genes involved in critical biological processes, such as primary‐to‐secondary growth transition of stems, adventitious root formation, aging and responses to phosphorus‐ or boron‐deficiency. Co‐expression analysis of AS events and gene expression patterns highlighted the potential upstream regulatory role of AS events in multiple processes. Additionally, we highlighted the lignin biosynthetic pathway to showcase the potential regulatory functions of AS events in the KNAT3 and IRL3 genes within this pathway. Our high‐quality expression atlas and AS landscape serve as valuable resources for unravelling the genetic control of woody plant development, long‐term adaptation, and understanding transcriptional diversity in Eucalyptus. Researchers can conveniently access these resources through the interactive ePlant browser (https://bar.utoronto.ca/eplant_eucalyptus).
A pepper RING‐finger E3 ligase, CaFIRF1, negatively regulates the high‐salt stress response by modulating the stability of CaFAF1
Authors: Bae Yeongil , Baek Woonhee , Lim Chae Woo , Lee Sung Chul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractControlling protein stability or degradation via the ubiquitin‐26S proteasome system is a crucial mechanism in plant cellular responses to stress conditions. Previous studies have revealed that the pepper FANTASTIC FOUR‐like gene, CaFAF1, plays a positive role in salt tolerance and that, in this process, CaFAF1 protein degradation is delayed. Here, we sought to isolate the E3 ligases potentially responsible for modulating CaFAF1 protein stability in response to salt stress. The pepper RING‐type E3 ligase CaFIRF1 (Capsicum
annuum
FAF1
Interacting
RING
Finger protein
1) was found to interact with and ubiquitinate CaFAF1, leading to the degradation of CaFAF1 proteins. In response to high‐salt treatments, CaFIRF1‐silenced pepper plants exhibited tolerant phenotypes. In contrast, co‐silencing of CaFAF1 and CaFIRF1 led to increased sensitivity to high‐salt treatments, revealing that CaFIRF1 functions upstream of CaFAF1. A cell‐free degradation analysis showed that high‐salt treatment suppressed CaFAF1 protein degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway, in which CaFIRF1 is functionally involved. In addition, an in vivo ubiquitination assay revealed that CaFIRF1‐mediated ubiquitination of CaFAF1 proteins was reduced by high‐salt treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest that the degradation of CaFAF1 mediated by CaFIRF1 has a critical role in pepper plant responses to high salinity.
Decoding the DNA methylome of central nervous system tumors: An emerging modality for integrated diagnosis
Authors: Satomi Kaishi , Ichimura Koichi , Shibahara Junji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe definitive diagnosis and classification of individual cancers are crucial for patient care and cancer research. To achieve a robust diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, a genotype‐phenotype integrated diagnostic approach was introduced in recent versions of the World Health Organization classification, followed by the incorporation of a genome‐wide DNA methylome‐based classification. Microarray‐based platforms are widely used to obtain DNA methylome data, and the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [DKFZ]) has a webtool for a DNA methylation‐based classifier (DKFZ classifier). Integration of DNA methylome will further enhance the precision of CNS tumor classification, especially in diagnostically challenging cases. However, in the clinical application of DNA methylome‐based classification, challenges related to data interpretation persist, in addition to technical caveats, regulations, and limited accessibility. Dimensionality reduction (DMR) can complement integrated diagnosis by visualizing a profile and comparing it with other known samples. Therefore, DNA methylome‐based classification is a highly useful research tool for auxiliary analysis in challenging diagnostic and rare disease cases, and for establishing novel tumor concepts. Decoding the DNA methylome, especially by DMR in addition to DKFZ classifier, emphasizes the capability of grasping the fundamental biological principles that provide new perspectives on CNS tumors.
Assessing cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A guidance paper for studies using administrative data
Authors: Johnston Amy , Smith Graeme N. , Tanuseputro Peter , Coutinho Thais , Edwards Jodi D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and their association with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk represents a major public health concern. However, assessing CVD risk in women with a history of these conditions presents unique challenges, especially when studies are carried out using routinely collected data.ObjectivesTo summarise and describe key challenges related to the design and conduct of administrative studies assessing CVD risk in women with a history of HDP and provide concrete recommendations for addressing them in future research.MethodsThis is a methodological guidance paper.ResultsSeveral conceptual and methodological factors related to the data‐generating mechanism and study conceptualisation, design/data management and analysis, as well as the interpretation and reporting of study findings should be considered and addressed when designing and carrying out administrative studies on this topic. Researchers should develop an a priori conceptual framework within which the research question is articulated, important study variables are identified and their interrelationships are carefully considered.ConclusionsTo advance our understanding of CVD risk in women with a history of HDP, future studies should carefully consider and address the conceptual and methodological considerations outlined in this guidance paper. In highlighting these challenges, and providing specific recommendations for how to address them, our goal is to improve the quality of research carried out on this topic.
Impacts of cyanobacterial metabolites on fish: Socioeconomic and environmental considerations
Authors: de Almeida Éryka Costa , Passos Larissa Souza , de Freitas Paloma Nathane Nunes , de Souza Alexander Ossanes , Pinto Ernani 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe increasing global population has led to rising demand for food, particularly protein. As an excellent source of protein, fish play a crucial role in meeting this demand, making aquaculture a highly impactful industry. Floating cages have been developed as a method of fish management and production to achieve high productivity and volume. However, these intensive fish farming practices can contribute to eutrophication, leading to changes in primary producers and promoting the excessive proliferation of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria blooms pose significant consequences to aquatic ecosystems, including potential risks to fish exposed to harmful cyanobacterial metabolites. Cyanobacterial metabolites encompass various chemical classes, such as terpenoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, cyanopeptides, amino acids, organophosphates, macrolides, and lipopolysaccharides. Some of these compounds' toxicity and impact on fish farms still need to be better understood. Cyanotoxins and off‐flavour compounds in fish farms can pose risks to water and fish quality and potential health hazards for humans throughout the food chain. Therefore, cyanobacteria in fish farms can have significant economic, environmental, and public health implications. This review examines the concerns associated with cyanobacterial natural products in fish farming, including off‐flavours, known cyanotoxins, and other potentially toxic compounds, while exploring their socioeconomic and environmental risks.