bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
038  Neovascularization in Artificial Dermis after Secondary Skin Grafting‐Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of Molded Blood Vessels‐
Authors: Junko Yasuda , Shigehiko Kawakami 
Published: February 2004

Aim: This study observed neovascularization in an artificial dermis after secondary skin grafting both light microscopically and electron microscopically and examined the optimal time of operation for secondary skin grafting through change in form of the graft. Method: Using 31 adult rabbits, full‐thickness skin defects were produced inside the ear. Artificial dermis was fixed on one side of the wounds (AD group). On the other side of the wound, artificial dermis was not used (Control group). On the fifth, seventh, and tenth day, thin split‐thickness skin was taken from the back of a rabbit, and grafted. Result: It mainly observed about the tenth day because more than 60% of grafts exhibited complete take on the tenth day, while on the fifth or seventh day no taking was observed. Electron microscopic findings reveled that, in the AD group before transplant, neovascularization was seen, extending from the bed to artificial dermis vertically, but there was no angiogenesis observed extending from the wound margin centripetally. This centripetal angiogenesis was observed in the control group and seemed to indicated the contraction of the wound and grafted skin. Conclusion: It was concluded that the most suitable period for secondary skin grafting in the experiment model was 10 days after implantation of artificial dermis.
042  Comparative Evaluation of Duplex‐Derived Parameters in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Correlation with Clinical Manifestation
Authors: Takashi Yamaki , Motohiro Nozaki , Osamu Fujiwara 
Published: February 2004

Aim: To compare the duplex‐derived parameters between patients with early, and those with advanced chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and to determine the indicative parameters reflecting the progression of CVI. Methods: A total of 1132 limbs in 914 patients with of primary valvular incompetence were included. The clinical manifestations were categorized according to the CEAP (clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathophysiologic) classification, and the patients were divided into two groups: group I (C1−3EP,AS,D,P,PR) and group (C4−6EP,AS,D,P,PR). The distribution of venous insufficiency was determined, and the parameters assessed were the duration of reflux (s), the peak reflux velocity (cm/s), and the flow at peak reflux (ml/s). Results: There was no significant difference in overall superficial venous reflux between the groups. And the frequency of isolated deep and perforator incompetence did not differ between the groups. The duration of reflux did not improve the discrimination power between the groups. In contrast, the peak reflux velocity had significant discrimination power at the sapheno‐femoral junction (SFJ, p < 0.0001) and sapheno‐popliteal junction (SPJ, p = 0.0002), and in the greater saphenous vein (GSV, p < 0.0001), in the superficial femoral vein (SFV, p = 0.0041), and popliteal vein (POPV, p = 0.003). The peak reflux flow was significantly higher in group II at the SFJ (p < 0.0001) and SPJ (p = 0.0029), and in the GSV (p < 0.0001), in the common femoral vein (p = 0.006), in the SFV (p = 0.0005), and POPV (p = 0.0003). Conclusions: Superficial venous insufficiency may play a major role in the disease development of advanced CVI. The peak reflux velocity and peak reflux volume improve discrimination power between early‐stage and advanced CVI.
S‐II‐02  The Effects of IL‐10 and TNFα on Wound Healing of Intestinal Anastomosis
Authors: Akito Moroguchi , Ken Ishimura , Keiichi Okano , Taijiro Miyake , Takashi Maeba , Hajime Maeta 
Published: February 2004

Aim: This study aimed to define the participation of local expression of IL‐10 and TNFα around the anastomotic segment and clarify the effects of IL‐10 and TNFα on anastomotic wound healing after digestive surgery under septic condition. Methods: Experimental animals were divided into LPS and control groups, which had either LPS or normal saline solution injected into the peritoneal cavity 24 h before transection and anastomosis of the colon. Immunohistochemical staining for IL‐10 and TNFα on tissue samples were examined after the operation. Fibroblasts were cultured with IL‐10 and TNFα, then proliferation rates were determined using the MTT assay. Type I collagen protein and MMP‐I were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Results: In the LPS group, IL‐10 and TNFα expression were more enhanced than that in the control group 24 h after the operation. IL‐10 reduced fibroblasts proliferation in dose dependent fasion in the presence of TNFα. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that IL‐10 reduced type I collagen protein and increased MMP‐I. Conclusions: Local expression of IL‐10 and TNFα at the anastomotic site acted as an inhibitory factor in the wound healing process. IL‐10 suppressed the remodeling of the extracellular matrix during wound healing.
S‐IV‐05  Study in Hybridized Tissue Engineered Trachea by Using Acellular Trachea Scaffold
Authors: Inoue H , Tsukada H , Osada H , Oshima H , Kumagai N 
Published: February 2004

Aim: A method for preparing acellular trachea scaffold and its effectiveness were investigated by using rabbits and dogs Methods: The sacrificed dog or rabbit trachea was collected. The spiral stent of stainless steel was inserted in the obtained trachea. To remove all of cellular components in tissues, the trachea was rinsed with sterilized 0.5% Triton X‐100 for 24 to 48 hours at ambient temperature and then for removing the detergents completely using fresh water. The acellular trachea obtained was lyophilized and sterilized by ethylene oxide gas. Before implantation, the lyophilized acellular trachea was soaked in phosphate buffered saline containing 0.5% gelatin and other adhesive molecules for 2 to 18 hours at 37 degree. After 15 mm of rabbit neck trachea was removed surgically under anesthesia, the same length of reengorged acellular rabbit trachea was implanted the removed region. In the case of dog, 50 mm of thoracic trachea was removed under the mechanical ventilation and then the same length of reengorged acellular trachea was implanted by technique of end to end anastomosis. The implanted trachea was rapped by omentum. The effectiveness of acellualr scaffold on implanted‐animals was evaluated by endoscope finding. Results: 1) The rabbits implanted reengorged‐acellular trachea survived for minimum 10 days and maximum 60 days. It was suggested that the cause of death was the infection of implantation region. 2) The dog implanted reengorged‐acellular trachea survived for over 60 days at least. The cause of death was strangulated hernia. 3) The acellular trachea containing various growth factors or cultured with fibroblasts was not always effective. Discussion: It is not necessary for the animal implanted acellular trachea to be administered the immunodepressants such as the animal implanted cryopreserved trachea. From these results, the tissue engineered acellular trachea may be more effective than the cryopreserved trachea.
007  Differences in Expression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor during Wound Healing between Oral Mucosa and Skin
Authors: Nukumi K. , Masuda M. , Obata A. , Yumoto E. 
Published: February 2004

Introduction: Oral mucosa heals faster with less scar than skin, but its mechanism has not been elucidated enough. We have studied whether there are any differences in the dynamic study of the bFGF expression in vivo during wound healing between oral mucosa and skin. Methods: Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and a 3 mm circular exisional wound was made on the dorsum skin and intrabuccal mucosa of each rat. At days 0,1,3,5,7 and 10 post‐wounding,wounds were harvested, and embedded in OCT. From photographs of the wounds, each wound area was measured by means of NIH images. Also, for histological study, sections were stained haematoxylin and eosin, and for immunohistochemical study, sections were stained with anti‐bFGF antibody. Results: Oral wounds contracted significantly faster than skin. Regenerated skin appeared at day 1 post‐wounding in oral wounds, but at day 3 in skin. Re‐epithelialization was completed on day 5 post‐wounding in oral, but on day 7 in skin. The number of bFGF‐positive cells gradually increased in the granulation tissue, and the peak of positive cells in oral was observed on day 5 post‐wounding, while that in skin on day 7. Conclusion: Oral mucosa healed faster than skin. The peak of bFGF expression was faster in oral mucosa than skin. It was thougt that bFGF effects the differences during wound healing between oral mucosa and skin.
Natural materno-fetal transfer of antibodies to PspA and to PsaA
Authors: BARIL L , BRILES D E , CROZIER P , KING J D , HOLLINGSHEAD S K , MURPHY T F , MCCORMICK J B 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARY
PspA and PsaA are Streptococcus pneumoniae surface proteins and potential pneumococcal vaccine antigens. The aim of this study was to characterize the transplacental transfer of antibodies to PspA and to PsaA. Paired mother and cord blood sera were obtained at delivery from 28 women. Concentrations of antibodies against PspA, PsaA, tetanus toxoid (vaccine-induced antibodies) and P6-outer membrane protein (OMP) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae were determined by ELISA. Antibodies to PspA of the IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were also determined. The geometric mean percentage (GM%) of the paired infant:mother antibody were calculated. Results: The GM% of the infant:mother antibody concentrations against PspA, PsaA and P6-OMP antibodies were 64·7% (3·3 µg/ml in infants vs. 5·1 µg/ml in mothers), 50·4% (6·8 µg/ml vs. 13·5 µg/ml) and 66·7% (5·6 µg/ml vs. 8·4 µg/ml), respectively; the GM% of antibodies against tetanus toxoid was 104·5% (4·6 µg/ml vs. 4·4 µg/ml). Transplacental transfer of IgG1 was more efficient than that of IgG2 (approximately 120%vs. 65%). A transplacental transfer of antibodies to PspA and to PsaA exist. Moreover, these data suggest an active placental transfer of IgG1 antibodies to PspA since the concentration of these antibodies were consistently higher in cord sera than in the mother's sera.
Effect of periodontal treatment on the serum antibody levels to heat shock proteins
Authors: YAMAZAKI K , UEKI-MARUAYAMA K , HONDA T , NAKAJIMA T , SEYMOUR G J 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARY
We have shown previously that both humoral and cellular immune responses to heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) are elevated in chronic periodontitis patients compared with non-diseased subjects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether periodontal treatment could influence the level of serum antibodies to human HSP60 and Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL, a bacterial homologue of human HSP60. Sera were obtained from 21 patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis at the baseline examination and again after completion of treatment. Antibody levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean anti-P. gingivalis GroEL antibody levels were down-regulated significantly by periodontal treatment when recombinant P. gingivalis GroEL was used as an antigen, whereas antibody levels to P. gingivalis GroEL-specific peptide were significantly elevated following successful periodontal therapy. The mean level of anti-human HSP60 antibody remained unchanged although individual levels of antibody either increased or decreased after periodontal treatment, suggesting that synthesis of these antibodies might be regulated independently during the course of periodontal infection. Although their regulatory mechanisms in chronic infection are not understood, further study would provide insight not only into the role of these antibodies in the pathogenesis of periodontitis but also into the possible link between periodontitis and systemic diseases such as coronary heart disease.
Hepatitis B core antigen stimulates interleukin-10 secretion by both T cells and monocytes from peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: HYODO N , NAKAMURA I , IMAWARI M 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARYIn chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, immune responses to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) are weak. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine which we reported recently to be secreted in response to HBcAg by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with chronic HBV infection or healthy controls. Using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay, we compared the ability of HBcAg to stimulate IL-10 production by PBMC with that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohaemagglutinin-P and hepatitis C virus-derived antigens in 16 patients with chronic HBV infection and six healthy controls. Frequencies of IL-10 spot-forming cells (SFC) in response to HBcAg were comparable to those obtained with LPS in patients with chronic HBV infection. Frequencies of IL-10 SFC in response to HBcAg or to LPS were significantly higher in patients with chronic HBV infection than in healthy controls. IL-10 SFC in response to HBcAg consisted of 26–35% T cells, 62–70% monocytes and less than 1% B cells in patients with chronic HBV infection. Only monocytes contributed to IL-10 production in controls. Frequencies of HBcAg stimulated IL-10 SFC representing T cells and monocytes were significantly higher in patients with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and detectable HBV DNA than in patients with normal ALT and undetectable HBV DNA. The potent ability of HBcAg to stimulate IL-10 production by PBMC may contribute importantly to immune tolerance toward HBV.
1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases IgA serum antibody responses and IgA antibody-secreting cell numbers in the Peyer's patches of pigs after intramuscular immunization
Authors: VAN DER STEDE Y , VERFAILLIE T , COX E , VERDONCK F , GODDEERIS B M 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARYPigs were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) twice with human serum albumin (HSA) with or without 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1α,25(OH)2D3] with a 5-week interval. The supplementation of 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the HSA-specific IgA serum antibody response but decreased the IgM, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 responses. Furthermore, higher numbers of HSA-specific IgA antibody-secreting cells were obtained in systemic lymphoid tissues (local draining lymph node, spleen and bone marrow) as well as in Peyer's patches and lamina propria of the gut (GALT). In addition, the in vivo mRNA expression for Th1 [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL-2)], Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) and Th3 [transforming growth factor (TGF)-β] cytokines as well as the percentage of different cell subsets (CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, IgM+, MHC II+, CD25+) of monomorphonuclear cells from the local draining lymph node were determined at different time-points after the i.m. immunizations. Cytokine profiles did not resemble a typical Th-cytokine profile using 1α,25(OH)2D3: higher levels of IL-10 and significantly lower levels of IL-2 were observed the first day after the primary immunization. However, significantly higher levels of IL-2 and significantly lower levels of IFN-γ were observed the first day after the second immunization. Furthermore, after the second immunization TGF-β mRNA expression decreased more quickly in the 1α,25(OH)2D3 group. This difference became significant 7 days after the second immunization. One week later a significantly higher percentage of CD25+ cells was observed in this group, indicating more activated T and B cells using the steroid hormone. These results suggest that in pigs the addition of 1α,25(OH)2D3 to an intramuscularly injected antigen can enhance the antigen-specific IgA-response and prime GALT tissues, but the relation with cytokines and cell phenotype in the local draining lymph node needs further clarification.
Chronic delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction as a means to treat alopecia areata
Authors: ZÖLLER M , FREYSCHMIDT-PAUL P , VITACOLONNA M , MCELWEE K J , HUMMEL S , HOFFMANN R 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARYThe acute phase of alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by an increase in CD44v3+ and CD44v10+ skin-infiltrating leucocytes (SkIL). Induction of a contact eczema, one of the therapeutic options in AA, can be mitigated strongly by a blockade of CD44v10. The observation that induction of a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction abrogates an autoimmune reaction, where both responses apparently use similar effector mechanisms, is surprising and prompted us to search for the underlying mechanisms. AA-affected C3H/HeJ mice were treated with the contact sensitizer SADBE (squaric acid dibutylester) and leucocyte subpopulations and their activation state was evaluated in SkIL and draining lymph nodes. AA-affected mice exhibited an increased number of SkIL with a predominance of T lymphocytes. After treatment with the contact sensitizer SADBE recovery of SkIL was reduced and monocytes predominated. However, a significantly increased number of leucocytes was recovered from draining lymph nodes. Draining lymph node cells from untreated and treated AA mice exhibited all signs of recent activation with high-level expression of co-stimulatory and accessory molecules and an increased percentage of CD44v3+ and CD44v10+ leucocytes. In contrast, SkIL of SADBE-treated AA mice contained relatively few activated T cells and reduced numbers of CD44v3+ and CD44v10+ cells. Thus, the activation state and the distribution of leucocyte subsets in SADBE-treated AA mice are consistent with a blockade of leucocyte extravasation. Accordingly, the therapeutic effect of long-term SADBE treatment may rely on impaired leucocyte traffic.
Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment in acute and early chronic antigen-induced arthritis: influence on T helper cell activation
Authors: POHLERS D , NISSLER K , FREY O , SIMON J , PETROW P K , KINNE R W , BRÄUER R 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARYTo examine the effects of anti-CD4 mAb treatment in acute and chronic antigen-induced arthritis (AIA), C57BL/6 mice were treated intraperitoneally either with the depleting anti-CD4 mAb GK1·5 or with rat-IgG (control) on Days −1, 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7. Arthritis was monitored by assessment of joint swelling and histological evaluation in the acute (Day 3) and the chronic phase (Day 21) of AIA. To determine the effects on cellular immune responses, in vivo T-cell reactivity (delayed type hypersensitivity; DTH) was measured, as well as protein levels of TH1- (IL-2, IFN-γ) and TH2-cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) in joint extracts and supernatants of ex vivo stimulated spleen and lymph node cells. The humoral immune response was analysed by measuring serum antibodies against methylated bovine serum albumine (mBSA) and extracellular matrix proteins. Treatment with GK1·5 reduced swelling, inflammation, and destruction of the arthritic joint. Unexpectedly, the effects were even more pronounced in the acute than in the chronic phase. The anti-inflammatory effect was accompanied by a diminished DTH against the arthritogen mBSA and a decrease of TH1-cytokine production in spleen and pooled body lymph nodes, whereas the TH2-cytokine production in these organs was unchanged and the humoral immune response was only moderately reduced. There was a failure of depleting CD4+ T-cells in the joint, reflected also by unchanged local cytokine levels. Therefore, systemic rather than local effects on the TH1/TH2 balance appear to underlie the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD4 treatment in AIA.
Dysregulation of IL-2 and IL-8 production in circulating T lymphocytes from young cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: HUBEAU C , LE NAOUR R , ABÉLY M , HINNRASKY J , GUENOUNOU M , GAILLARD D , PUCHELLE E 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARY
It is well documented that patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are unable to clear persistent airway infections in spite of strong local inflammation, suggesting a dysregulation of immunity in CF. We and others have reported previously that T lymphocytes may play a prominent role in this immune imbalance. In the present work, we compared the reactivity of CD3+ T cells obtained from young CF patients in stable clinical conditions (n = 10, aged 9–16·5 years) to age-matched healthy subjects (n = 6, aged 9–13·5 years). Intracellular levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined by flow cytometry after whole blood culture. The data identified T lymphocyte subsets producing either low levels (M1) or high levels (M2) of cytokine under steady-state conditions. We found that the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 by T lymphocytes was similar between young CF patients and healthy subjects. In contrast, after 4 h of activation with PMA and ionomycin, the percentage of T cells producing high levels of IL-2 (M2) was greater in CF patients (P = 0·02). Moreover, T cells from CF patients produced lower levels of IL-8, before and after activation (P = 0·007). We conclude that a systemic immune imbalance is present in young CF patients, even when clinically stable. This disorder is characterized by the capability of circulating T lymphocytes to produce low levels of IL-8 and by the emergence of more numerous T cells producing high levels of IL-2. This imbalance may contribute to immune dysregulation in CF.
LTB4 is present in exudative pleural effusions and contributes actively to neutrophil recruitment in the inflamed pleural space
Authors: PACE E , PROFITA M , MELIS M , BONANNO A , PATERNÒ A , MODY C H , SPATAFORA M , FERRARO M , SIENA L , VIGNOLA A M , BONSIGNORE G , GJOMARKAJ M 
Published: February 2004

SUMMARYThe pleural space is a virtual compartment between the lung and chest wall that becomes filled with fluid and inflammatory cells during a variety of respiratory diseases. Here, we study the potential role of the eicosanoid metabolite leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in disparate diseases leading to acute (pneumonia) or chronic (tuberculosis, cancer) inflammation of the pleural space. LTB4 concentrations were significantly higher in pleural fluid due to pneumonia, tuberculosis and cancer with respect to congestive heart failure and correlated with neutrophil elastase, which is used as an indication of state of activation of neutrophils in the pleural space. Moreover, pleural LTB4 was biologically active, as an anti-LTB4 antibody partially neutralized the chemotactic activity of parapneumonic, tuberculous and cancer effusions. Macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mesothelial cells and cancer cells all expressed mRNA for 5-lipoxygenase, the enzyme that initiates leukotriene synthesis leading to the production of LTB4, in exudative pleural effusions. Upon stimulation in transudative pleural effusions, pleural macrophages produced, in a time-dependent fashion, a significantly higher concentration of LTB4 than mesothelial cells. These studies demonstrate that different cell types are capable of producing LTB4 in the inflamed pleural space and that this mediator may play a crucial role in the recruitment of neutrophils into the pleural space.