bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of endovaginal ultrasound to diagnose invasion of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Karlsson B. , Norström A. , Granberg S. , Wikland M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEndovaginal ultrasound was used in 30 women to characterize endometrial carcinoma with respect to myometrial invasion according to FIGO recommendations for surgical staging of endometrial cancer. The ultrasound data were correlated to macroscopic findings of the uterine specimen and to histopathology.Using endovaginal ultrasound, the sensitivity of detecting myometrial invasion of > 50% was 15/19 or 79%. However, the positive predictive value was 100%, in all cases when ultrasound suggested myometrial invasion of > 50%. This was confirmed on histopathological examination of the tumor specimen. Cervical tumor extension was correctly diagnosed in all six women in which it was present. Endovaginal ultrasound seems to be a reliable method of assessing tumor invasion and engagement of the cervix. This non‐invasive method could be included as an important tool in the establishment of individualized treatment programs in women with endometrial carcinoma. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Selective termination to a singleton pregnancy is ethically justified
Authors: Chervenak F. A. , McCullough L. B. , Wapner R. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractConsensus presently opposes selective termination of a multifetal pregnancy to a singleton. We reject this consensus because the arguments made in defense of it are deficient. We show that these arguments rely on the indefensible assumption that the previable fetus possesses independent moral status. We conclude that, since selective termination of a multifetal pregnancy of any order to a singleton is ethically justifiable, a pregnant woman's request for selective termination to a singleton from twins or a higher‐order multiple gestation should be respected and implemented. Physicians who object to selective termination to a singleton in private conscience should not feel compelled to perform the procedure but are obligated to make an appropriate referral. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional ultrasound of fetal surface features
Authors: Nelson T. R. , Pretorius D. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper presents preliminary results of techniques which permit acquisition and display of three‐dimensional fetal anatomy using ultrasound image data collected as two‐dimensional planar images with commercially available equipment. A precision translational stage was used which permitted the transducer position and orientation in the volume to be accurately determined. Ultrasound video image data were digitized into a personal computer together with transducer position and orientation information. All image and position data were subsequently transferred to a graphics workstation. Gray‐scale ultrasound data were three‐dimensionally filtered, thresholded and analyzed using maximum intensity, variable transparency and surface rendering techniques to evaluate the fetal surface. Images of arbitrary orientation were displayed interactively on a graphics workstation. Our results demonstrate the potential of three‐dimensional ultrasound as a technique for visualization of fetal surfaces, extremities and internal anatomy. Three‐dimensional ultrasound offers potential advantages over existing diagnostic methods since it is non‐invasive and offers interactive review and viewing optimization after fetal scanning. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐trimester diagnosis of nuchal anomalies: significance and fetal outcome
Authors: Ville Y. , Lalondrelle C. , Doumerc S. , Daffos F. , Frydman R. , Oury J. F. , Dumez Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHigh‐resolution real‐time ultrasonography now permits the differentiation between nuchal translucencies and cystic hygromata of the neck in the first trimester. A series of 85 nuchal anomalies are presented that were diagnosed by ultrasonography at 9–14 weeks' gestation; their association with chromosomal defects and fetal outcome are also presented. Chromosomal anomalies were found in 8/29 nuchal translucencies and in 16/56 cystic hygromata of the neck. However, in fetuses with normal karyotype, additional defects were diagnosed in l0/40 fetuses with cystic hygromata and in none with nuchal translucency. These data may be important for the management of these conditions and for counselling the patients toward further pregnancy. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Preoperative staging of breast cancer by palpation, mammography and high‐resolution ultrasound
Authors: Madjar H. , Ladner H. A. , Sauerbrei W. , Oberstein A. , Prömpeler H. , Pfleiderer A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn breast cancer preoperative determination of the tumor size is important for planning breast‐conserving operations. In 100 patients with breast cancer, the preoperative tumor size was measured using clinical, mammographic and sonographic examinations and correlated with the results of a subsequent histological examination. Using a high‐resolution real‐time system, 98 tumors were visible. It was possible to detect not only early tumors under 1 cm in diameter, but also intraductal tumor components. This contributed greatly to the accuracy of the diagnosis. The sonographic measurement of tumor size demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.91 and was thus superior to mammography (0.79) and palpation (0.77). Measurement of the total tumor spread, including 39 multicentric lesions, showed an overestimation of 5% for the mammographic measurements and an overestimation of 4% for the sonographic measurements. Tumor extension was underestimated in 33% of the mammograms but in only 3% using ultrasound examination. The results, along with those of other studies, highlight the role of sonography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ductus venosus blood velocity and the umbilical circulation in the seriously growth‐retarded fetus
Authors: Kiserud T. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Blaas H.‐G. , Hellevik L. R. , Simensen B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBased on the assumption that the ductus venosus is regulator of oxygenated blood in the fetus, the present study investigated the blood flow velocity of the ductus venosus in relation to the umbilical circulation in the that seriously growth‐retarded fetus. The study group of 38 fetuses (gestational week 17–39) had no chromosomal aberrations or structural malformations and had an ultrasonographic biometry of < 2.5th centile and birth weight of ≤ 2.5th centile. Of the 38 fetuses seven died in utero and four died postnatally. The ultrasonographic examination included pulsed Doppler measurement of the umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI), the umbilical vein dimension and blood flow velocity, and the peak and maximum blood flow velocities of the ductus venosus. The majority of fetuses had a raised PI in the umbilical artery (26/38) and reduced blood flow in the umbilical vein (25/33). Despite such changes in the umbilical circulation, a normal peak velocity in the ductus venosus was maintained in all fetuses. During the atrial contraction, however, 13 fetuses had reduced or reversed blood velocity in the ductus venosus. Reduced ductus venosus velocity during atrial contraction seemed to be a serious finding linked to raised PI and absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, and umbilical vein pulsation. The results support the assumption that the blood flow of the ductus venosus is a preferential bloodstream in the human fetus that is maintained within normal ranges as long as possible during placental hemodynamic compromise. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Color Doppler identification of a pericardial effusion in the fetus
Authors: DeVore G. R. , Horenstein J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine whether color Doppler identifies abnormal fluid within the pericardial space of the fetal were referred for heart. Second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses diagnostic ultrasound. The four‐chamber view of the fetal heart was imaged with real‐time ultrasonography and examined for the presence or absence of separation of the pericardium from the epicardium, which extended from the atrioventricular junction toward the apex of the ventricle. To examine the pericardial space, the color Doppler maximal velocity was set at low Nyquist limits (0.08–0.24 m/s). In each fetus the transducer was angled so that the axis of the interventricular septum was parallel or tangential to the ultrasound beam to optimize the color Doppler recording. The control group consisted of 50 fetuses (16–38 weeks of gestation) who did not demonstrate evidence of pericardial effusion when examined with real‐time ultrasound. Second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses were selected from our database who demonstrated a pericardial effusion identified with real‐time ultrasound.Color Doppler signals were not identified within the pericardial space in the 50 control fetuses. Fetuses with a pericardial effusion identified with real‐time ultrasound demonstrated color Doppler within the pericardial space which was opposite to the direction of blood entering and exiting the ventricles. Color Doppler enhanced the detection of a pericardial effusion in the second‐trimester fetus when the axis of the heart was and third‐parallel or tangential to the ultrasound beam, which is suboptimal for real‐time imaging.Color Doppler provides a new method to identify a pericardial effusion in the fetus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and complements the real‐time examination. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord pseudocyst
Authors: Sepulveda W. , Pryde P. G. , Greb A. E. , Romero R. , Evans M. I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe association between umbilical cord anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities has received little attention in the literature. In this report, we present two cases of umbilical cord pseudocyst incidentally detected by ultrasound prior to genetic amniocentesis performed for the indication of advanced maternal age. In the first case it was only the initial abnormal finding in a 21‐week fetus ultimately found to have a trisomy 18. In the second case, detected at 26 weeks, the karyotype was normal and a healthy normal neonate was delivered at term. The finding of a umbilical cord cystic mass during prenatal sonographic examination should alert the clinician to the increased risk of aneuploidy. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Reference ranges for fetal venous and atrioventricular blood flow parameters
Authors: Hecher K. , Campbell S. , Snijders R. , Nicolaides K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study establishes reference ranges with gestation for Doppler parameters of fetal venous and atrioventriculur blood flow. Color flow Doppler was used to examine 143 normal singleton pregnancies at 20–40 weeks' gestation. Flow velocity waveforms were recorded from the ductus venosus, right hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. The waveforms are triphasic, reflecting ventricular systole, early diastole and atrial contraction. Peak velocities for these parameters were measured with pulsed Doppler and a new index, the peak velocity index for veins (PVIV), was calculated. Similarly, time‐averaged maximum velocities for the whole cardiac cycle were measured and the pulsatility index for veins (PIV) was calculated. Flow velocity waveforms were also recorded at the level of the atrioventricular valves and the ratios of peak velocities at early diastolic filling (E) and atrial contraction (A) were calculated. Regression analysis was used to define the association of each measured and calculated Doppler parameter with gestational age. Blood flow velocities in the fetal veins and velocities and E/A ratios across the atrioventricular valves increased significantly with gestation, whereas PVIV and PIV decreased. Blood flow velocities were highest in the ductus venosus and lowest in the right hepatic vein, and PVIV and PIV were highest in the hepatic vein and lowest in the ductus venosus. In the ductus venosus, there was always forward flow throughout the heart cycle, whereas in the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein during atrial contraction, flow was away from or towards the heart or there was no flow. Pulsatility of flow velocity waveforms in the venous system is the consequence of changes in pressure difference between the venous system and the heart during the heart cycle. The finding that PVIV and PIV decrease with gestation is consistent with decreasing cardiac afterload and maturation of diastolic ventricular function. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Estimation of gestational age by transvaginal sonographic measurement of greatest embryonic length in dated human embryos
Authors: Wisser J. , Dirschedl P. , Krone S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA prospective descriptive study was carried out to establish reference values for gestational age assessment in the first trimester by measuring embryonic length in dated human embryos, by using transvaginal ultrasound. In 160 pregnant women who had undergone assisted reproductive procedures, 139 singleton embryos and 46 embryos from 21 multiple pregnancies were studied between the 35th and 98th day after the last menstrual period. Transvaginal ultrasound examination, including inspection of embryonic structures and measurement of greatest embryonic length (L), was performed in these women. Estimation of gestational age (t) by measurement of L in singletons is best described by the equation t = 35.72 + 1.082L¹/² + 1.472L − 0.09749L³/². Mean 95% confidence interval and 95% prediction interval were 4.3 and 9.3 days, respectively. There was no significant change in the estimation curve when multiple measurements in singletons were taken nor when embryos from multiple pregnancies were measured. Accuracy of embryonic age estimation from a single measurement of greatest embryonic length was evaluated. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐trimester nuchal edema as a marker of aneuploidy
Authors: Comas C. , Martinez J. M. , Ojuel J. , Casals E. , Puerto B. , Borrell A. , Fortuny A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTargeted ultrasonographic screening for nuchal fluid accumulation during the first trimester (9–13 weeks) seems to be a recommendable method for the detection of Down's syndrome and other chromosomal anomalies in pregnant women. It compares favorably with current methods of maternal serum screening performed during the second trimester. Using a 4‐mm cut‐off value, the detection rate of aneuploidy among our population was found to be 57.1%, with a false‐positive rate of 0.7% and a positive predictive value of 72.7%. Chromosomal analysis should be considered for fetuses with nuchal translucency equal to or greater than 4 mm in the first trimester. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐trimester ultrasound screening for fetal aneuploidies in women over 35 and under 35 years of age
Authors: Szabó J. , Gelén J. , Szemere G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a prospective screening study, the utility of the thickness of first‐trimester simple hygroma in sonographic screening for fetal chromosomal aberrations was examined. A total of 3380 women, 1280 of whom were 35 years or over, and 2100 of whom were under 35 years, were screened by ultrasound at 9–12 weeks of gestation. The thickness of fetal nuchal simple hygroma was measured. Women over 35 years of age underwent transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (CVS). In women under 35 years of age, CVS was offered only if the thickness of nuchal hygroma was at least 3 mm, or in cases of parental chromosomal abnormalities. A total of 46 chromosomal anomalies were detected, of which 43 (93.5%) showed simple hygroma. The incidence of first‐trimester simple nuchal hygroma in pregnancies of women over 35 and under 35 years of age was 5.4% (69 cases) and 1.28% (27 cases), respectively, and the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities was 2.9% and 0.43%, respectively. The risks of trisomies and poor pregnancy outcome were increased at larger sizes of first‐trimester simple hygroma. A sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 98.4% of the method were found. Using a measurement of first‐trimester simple hygroma of ≥ 3 mm to identity pregnancies at risk for chromosomal anomalies at 9–12 weeks of pregnancy is a useful method for selection of women with high and low risk for aneuploidy. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The vanishing fetal intrathoracic mass: consider an obstructing mucous plug
Authors: Meizner I. , Rosenak D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn intrathoracic homogeneous hyperechogenic mass diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy represents a challenge to the sonographer. A disappearance of such a finding is an enigma.We have recently encountered such a case in which a mucous plug obstructing a main bronchus was the causative factor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such an etiology in cases of vanishing fetal intrathoracic masses diagnosed by ultrasonography. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal sonographic evaluation of first‐trimester placenta previa
Authors: Hill L. M. , DiNofrio D. M. , Chenevey P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur objective was to determine the relationship between the placenta and the internal cervical os in the first trimester. This study included ultrasound examinations performed between 9 and 13 weeks' gestation over a 28‐month period. The position of the lower edge of the placenta with respect to the internal cervical OS was recorded for each transvaginal ultrasound examination. A total of 77 out of 1252 (6.2%) patients had a first‐trimester placenta previa; four cases persisted until term. There were no false‐negative diagnoses.Our conclusion is that approximately 6.2% of patients will have a placenta previa in the first trimester. Transvaginal sonography can exclude a diagnosis of placenta previa after 9 weeks' gestation. The likelihood that a placenta previa will persist until term increases if the placenta covers the internal cervical os by ≥ 1.6 cm. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal size and growth in Bangladeshi pregnancies
Authors: Spencer J. A. D. , Chang T. C. , Robson S. C. , Gallivan S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA longitudinal study of 20 uncomplicated pregnancies in Bangladeshi women was undertaken. Fetal growth was investigated by serial ultrasound scans performed between 26 and 38 weeks of pregnancy. Repeated measurements of abdominal circumference and estimates of fetal weight were best described by a log quadratic equation. The coefficients were not significantly different from those obtained from a previously reported study of fetal growth in 67 uncomplicated pregnancies with healthy outcomes in white Anglo‐Saxon women. Further comparison between the two groups showed that the mean abdominal circumference and estimates of fetal weight of the Bangladeshi fetuses were smaller at 28, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation. These results suggest that, although Bangladeshi fetuses appear to be smaller than Anglo‐Saxon fetuses, they grow at a similar rate during the third trimester. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal and transient neonatal right heart dilatation with severe tricuspid valve insufficiency in association with abnormally S‐shaped kinking of the ductus arteriosus
Authors: Mielke G. , Peukert U. , Krapp M. , Schneider‐Pungs J. , Gembruch U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlterations of the ductus arteriosus, e.g. occlusion, constriction or aneurysm, can influence the fetal and neonatal circulation. A case of fetal right atrial and ventricular dilatation, severe tricuspid valve insufficiency and transient pulmonary valve regurgitation at 32 weeks of gestation is reported. Structural heart defects and extracardiac diseases (e.g. high output cardiac failure in arteriovenous shunts and anemia) were excluded by Doppler echocardiography and fetal blood sampling. An abnormally S‐shaped kinking of the ductus arteriosus with increased systolic and diastolic flow velocities in the distal part was demonstrated. At 35 weeks' gestation, Cesarean section was performed, because of increased tricuspid valve insufficiency, and a healthy boy was born. After birth, right heart dilatation and tricuspid valve insufficiency decreased. The cardiac changes in relation to the anatomical abnormality of the ductus arteriosus are discussed. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic features of tuberculous peritonitis with female genital tract tuberculosis
Authors: Yapar E. G. , Ekici E. , Karasahin E. , Gökmen O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur aim was to illustrate the sonographic features of tuberculous peritonitis with female genital tract tuberculosis in an attempt to facilitate the recognition of the disorder preoperatively. Transabdominal and transvaginal sonographic features and the findings from laparotomy/laparoscopy, endometrial biopsy and microbiology were reviewed and compared in 15 patients with tuberculous peritonitis with female genital tract tuberculosis.Of the 15 patients, 12 had wet tuberculosis and three had dry (adhesive) tuberculosis. Sonographic features of wet tuberculosis were categorized as follows: septated ascites (ten patients), particulate ascites (two patients), loculated fluid (two patients), thickened peritoneum (eight patients), thickened omentum (eight patients), adnexal mass (11 patients), adhesions (seven patients) and endometrial involvement (five patients). Adnexal masses, adhesions and loculated fluid were found to be present in the dry type. When sonographic findings were compared with those of laparotomy and/or laparoscopy and/or endometrial biopsy, ultrasound was able to identify aspects of tuberculosis infection as follows: ascites/loculated fluid, 13/13 (100%); adnexal mass, 12/13 (93%); peritoneal thickening, 943 (69%); omental thickening, 8/13 (61%); and endometrial involvement, 5/6 (83%).We conclude that awareness of the sonographic changes associated with tuberculosis infection may improve diagnostic accuracy, and avoid clinical mismanagement and surgical explorations in the wet type of tuberculosis. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The ultrasound diagnosis and clinical significance of varicocele
Authors: Curtis P. , Nicholas O. A. , Berger L. , Shaw R. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA study was carried out to determine the relationship between clinically diagnosed and ultrasound‐diagnosed varicoceles in I51 men with normal and abnormal semen analysis. In only 60 cases (40%) was the clinical diagnosis confirmed by ultrasound. Of the men with ultrasound‐diagnosed varicocele, 14(% were found to have a normal semen analysis compared to 31% of men without a varicocele, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Bilateral varicoceles were associated with an even greater chance of having an abnormal semen analysis (p < 0.01), and with a significantly (p < 0.05) decreased chance of spontaneous pregnancy. These men and also men with unilateral varicocele, whose partners have a relative cause of female subfertility, may benefit from earlier intervention for the treatment of their subfertility. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology