bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EI‐2346, a Novel Interleukin‐1β Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Produced by Streptomyces sp. E‐2346. Part 2. Structure Elucidation.
Authors: Koizumi Fumito , Hasegawa Atsuhiro , Yoshida Mayumi , Matsuda Yuzuru , Nakanishi Satoshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thiol‐Based SAHA Analogues as Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors.
Authors: Suzuki Takayoshi , Kouketsu Akiyasu , Matsuura Azusa , Kohara Arihiro , Ninomiya Shin‐ichi , Kohda Kohfuku , Miyata Naoki 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal comparisons of health‐related quality of life between patients with prostate carcinoma and matched controls
Authors: Hoffman Richard M. , Gilliland Frank D. , Penson David F. , Stone S. Noell , Hunt William C. , Potosky Arnold L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate carcinoma and treatments affect health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The authors prospectively compared prostate and general HRQOL between prostate carcinoma cases and an age‐matched and ethnicity‐matched control group.METHODSThe case cohort consisted of 293 men with localized prostate carcinoma who were selected randomly from the population‐based New Mexico Tumor Registry, and the control cohort consisted of 618 men who were selected randomly from administrative databases and matched for age and ethnicity. Subjects completed a baseline survey of demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, and prostate and general HRQOL. Also, 210 cases (71.7%) and 421 controls (67.8%) completed a follow‐up survey 5 years later. Multinomial logistic regression models compared baseline characteristics as well as 5‐year general HRQOL outcomes measured by selected domains of the Medical Outcomes Study SF‐36. The authors used a mixed‐model repeated‐measures analysis of variance and multinomial regression analyses to compare longitudinal changes in urinary, bowel, and sexual function between groups.RESULTSAt baseline, patients with prostate carcinoma had better urinary control and sexual function than controls. Over 5 years, sexual function declined significantly among controls, although urinary function remained stable. However, patients with cancer subsequently reported significant declines in both domains and were left with much worse function and more bother than controls. Bowel function and general HRQOL were similar for both groups at follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSProstate carcinoma treatment led to significant 5‐year declines in urinary and sexual function that far exceeded age‐related changes in controls. Patients with cancer had significantly worse function and more bother than controls for these disease‐specific domains of HRQOL. Bowel function and general HRQOL were not affected by cancer status. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors and long‐term survivorship in patients with recurrent or metastatic carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Argiris Athanassios , Li Yi , Forastiere Arlene 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to identify prognostic factors and report the characteristics of long‐term survivors in patients with recurrent or metastatic carcinoma of the head and neck who were treated with cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy in two randomized, Phase III trials conducted by the Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group (ECOG) (E1393 and E1395).METHODSThe authors analyzed prognostic factors for response and survival by combining data from the E1393 trial, which compared cisplatin plus paclitaxel at two dose levels, with data from the E1395 trial, which compared cisplatin plus paclitaxel with cisplatin plus 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), using logistic regression and Cox regression models.RESULTSA total of 399 eligible patients were included. The median follow‐up was 4.7 years. The 1‐year overall survival (OS) rate for all patients was 32%, the median OS was 7.8 months, and the objective response rate was 32%. On multivariate analysis, the following were found to be independent unfavorable predictors of objective response: weight loss of > 5%, an ECOG performance status of 1 (vs. 0), residual disease at the primary tumor site, a primary tumor site other than the oropharynx, prior radiation therapy (RT) (P = 0.056), and well/moderate tumor cell differentiation (P = 0.067). Independent unfavorable prognostic factors for OS were weight loss, an ECOG performance status of 1 (vs. 0), well/moderate tumor cell differentiation, a primary tumor in the oral cavity or hypopharynx, and prior RT. The following were found to be independent unfavorable prognostic facotrs for time to disease progression: well/moderate tumor cell differentiation, a oral cavity or hypopharyngeal primary tumor, and prior RT. Patients with ≤ 2 adverse prognostic factors were reported to have a median OS of 1 year, whereas patients with 3–5 adverse prognostic factors were found to have a median OS of 0.5 years (P < 0.0001). Forty‐nine patients (12%) survived for ≥ 2 years and 6 patients were alive at 5 years. Two‐year survivors were more likely to have achieved an objective response to chemotherapy, have poor tumor cell differentiation, be white, have an ECOG performance status of 0, and have received no prior RT.CONCLUSIONSClinical parameters and tumor cell differentiation appear to be strong pretreatment predictors of outcome in patients with carcinoma of the head and neck and should be considered in the design of future randomized trials. A small percentage of patients with recurrent head and neck carcinoma can achieve long‐term survival. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Uterine serous and grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas
Authors: Boruta David M. , Gehrig Paola A. , Groben Pamela A. , Bae‐Jump Victoria , Boggess John F. , Fowler Wesley C. , Van Le Linda 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDSerous components within endometrial carcinoma are reportedly poor prognosticators. However, to the authors' knowledge the percentage of tumors which must be comprised of a serous component in order to affect outcome is unknown. The authors compared overall survival (OS) in women with endometrial carcinomas comprised of various percentages of uterine serous carcinoma (USC) with that of women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma (G3EC) to determine whether outcomes varied between these two poorly differentiated histologies.METHODSData concerning women with either G3EC or USC who were diagnosed between January 1990 and November 2000 were collected retrospectively. Cases were reviewed to confirm diagnosis and estimate the fraction of tumor comprised of USC. Variables assessed included patient age and race, tumor stage, and lymphovascular space invasion. Associations between variables were tested using the Fisher exact test. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate OS with comparisons performed using the log‐rank test.RESULTSFifty‐two women with G3EC and 87 women with USC were identified. The OS of women with tumors comprised of > 50% USC was found to be significantly worse compared with women with G3EC (hazard ratio [HR] of 2.4; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2–5.2). Women with USC were more likely to present with extrauterine disease (odds ratio of 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.5). The 5‐year survival rate for women with G3EC was 75% compared with 41% for women with tumors that were > 50% USC (P = 0.01). There was a significant trend toward a worse OS in women with even 10% USC compared with women with G3EC.CONCLUSIONSUSC involving > 50% of an endometrial carcinoma was found to be predictive of worse OS compared with the OS of women with G3EC. In patients with early‐stage disease, a trend toward a worse prognosis was found to exist when USC comprised even 10% of a tumor. Investigation into the treatment of endometrial carcinoma should include and document tumors with any percentage comprised of USC. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Localization and connectivity of the lateral amygdala in anuran amphibians
Authors: Moreno Nerea , González Agustín 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOn the basis of chemoarchitecture and gene expression patterns in the amphibian amygdaloid complex, new subdivisions have been proposed and compared with their counterparts in amniotes. Thus, a portion of the ventral pallium of anurans has been tentatively named “lateral amygdala” (LA) and compared with the basolateral complex of mammals. To strengthen the putative homology, we have analyzed the pattern of afferent and efferent connections of the LA in the anurans Rana perezi and Xenopus laevis. Tract‐tracing techniques with dextran amines were used under in vivo and in vitro conditions. The results showed important connections with the main olfactory bulb, via the lateral olfactory tract. In addition, abundant intratelencephalic connections, via the rostral branch of the stria terminalis, were revealed, involving mainly the basal ganglia, septal nuclei, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and especially other amygdaloid nuclei. Nontelencephalic connections were found from the dorsal thalamus and parabrachial area and, in particular, from the hypothalamus through the caudal branch of the stria terminalis. All these results strongly suggest that the LA in anurans is a multimodal area in the ventral pallium that shares many hodological features with the amygdaloid ventropallial derivatives of the basolateral complex of amniotes. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:130–148, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of zincergic neurons in the mouse forebrain
Authors: Brown Craig E. , Dyck Richard H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSynaptically released zinc is thought to play an important role in neuronal signaling by modulating excitatory and inhibitory receptors and intracellular signaling proteins. Consequently, neurons that release zinc have been implicated in synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory as well as neuropathological processes such as epilepsy, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. To characterize the distribution of these neurons, investigators have relied on a technique that involves the retrograde transport of zinc–selenium crystals from axonal boutons to the cell bodies of origin. However, one major problem with this method is that labeling of cell bodies is obscured by high levels of staining in synaptic boutons, particularly within forebrain structures where this staining is most intense. Here, we used a modification of the retrograde labeling method that eliminates terminal staining for zinc, thereby enabling a clear and comprehensive description of these neurons. Zincergic neurons were found in all cerebral cortical regions and were arranged in a distinct laminar pattern, restricted to layers 2/3, 5, and 6 with no labeling in layer 4. In the hippocampus, labeling was present in CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus but not in CA2. Labeled cell bodies were also observed in most amygdaloid nuclei, anterior olfactory nuclei, claustrum, tenia tecta, endopiriform region, lateral ventricle, lateral septum, zona incerta, superior colliculus, and periaqueductal gray. Moreover, retrograde labeling was also noted in the dorsomedial and lateral hypothalamus, regions that previously were thought to be devoid of neurons with a zincergic phenotype. Collectively these data show that zincergic neurons comprise a large population of neurons in the murine forebrain and will provide an anatomical framework for understanding the functional importance of these neurons in the mammalian brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:156–167, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 in the subventricular zone and upper layers II–IV of the cerebral cortex
Authors: Nieto Marta , Monuki Edwin S. , Tang Hua , Imitola Jaime , Haubst Nicole , Khoury Samia J. , Cunningham Jim , Gotz Magdalena , Walsh Christopher A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLittle is known about how neurons in the different layers of the mammalian cerebral cortex are specified at the molecular level. Expression of two homologues of the Drosophila homeobox Cut gene, Cux‐1 and Cux‐2, is strikingly specific to the pyramidal neurons of the upper layers (II–IV) of the murine cortex, suggesting that they may define the molecular identity of these neurons. An antibody against Cux‐1 labels the nucleus of most of the postmitotic upper layer neurons but does not label parvoalbumin‐positive cortical interneurons that derive from the medial ganglionic eminence. Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 represent early markers of neuronal differentiation; both genes are expressed in postmitotic cortical neurons from embryonic stages to adulthood and in the proliferative regions of the developing cortex. In precursors cells, Cux‐1 immunoreactivity is weak and diffuse in the cytoplasm and nucleus of ventricular zone (VZ) cells, whereas it is nuclear in the majority of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐positive subventricular zone (SVZ) dividing cells, suggesting that Cux‐1 function is first activated in SVZ cells. Cux‐2 mRNA expression is also found in the embryonic SVZ, overlapping with BrdU‐positive dividing precursors, but it is not expressed in the VZ. A null mutation in Pax‐6 disrupts Cux‐2 expression in the SVZ and Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 expression in the postmigratory cortical neurons. Thus, these data support the existence of an intermediate neuronal precursor in the SVZ dedicated to the generation of upper layer neurons, marked specifically by Cux‐2. The patterns of expression of Cux genes suggest potential roles as determinants of the neuronal fate of the upper cortical layer neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:168–180, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of dopamine and vesicular monoamine transporters and differential vulnerability of mesostriatal dopaminergic neurons
Authors: González‐Hernández Tomás , Barroso‐Chinea Pedro , de la Cruz Muros Ignacio , del Mar Pérez‐Delgado María , Rodríguez Manuel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNumerous studies suggest that the dopamine transporter (DAT), responsible for dopamine reuptake, may act as a vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), responsible for its vesicular storage, as a neuroprotective factor. However, the relevance of each on the differential vulnerability of midbrain DA cells remains uknown. Here we studied the relationship between the expression pattern (mRNA and protein) of both transporters and the differential vulnerability of midbrain DA cells in a model of PD (intracerebroventricular injection of 6‐OHDA in rats) and in monkey and human midbrain. Our results revealed that the expression patterns for VMAT2 mRNA and protein and DAT mRNA are similar, with the highest levels in the rostromedial region of substantia nigra (SNrm), followed by the caudoventral region of SN (SNcv), the ventral tegmental area and pigmented parabrabraquial nucleus (VTA/PBP), and finally the linear and interfascicular nuclei (Li/IF). In contrast, the expression of DAT protein in rats, monkeys, and humans followed a caudoventrolateral‐to‐rostrodorsomedial decreasing gradient (SNcv > SNrm > VTA/PBP > Li/IF), matching the degeneration profile observed after intracerebroventricular injection of 6‐OHDA and in PD. In addition, DAT blockade made all midbrain DA cells equally resistant to 6‐OHDA. These data indicate that DAT protein levels, but not DAT mRNA levels, are closely related to the differential vulnerability of midbrain DA cells and that this relationship is unaffected by the relative levels of VMAT2. Furthermore, the difference between DAT mRNA and protein profiles suggests internuclear differences in its posttransductional regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:198–215, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experience‐dependent activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Mirich Jennifer M. , Illig Kurt R. , Brunjes Peter C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractProtein kinase‐mediated signaling cascades play a fundamental role in translating extracellular signals into cellular responses in CNS neurons. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase / extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway participates in regulating diverse neuronal processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, synaptic efficacy, and long‐term potentiation by inducing cAMP‐response element (CRE)‐mediated gene transcription. Central olfactory structures show plasticity throughout the lifespan, but the role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in odor‐evoked activity has yet to be determined. Therefore, we examined the effect of odorant exposure and early postnatal deprivation on ERK activity. We found that odor stimulation induced ERK phosphorylation, that activation of the ERK pathway was decreased with early postnatal deprivation, and that ERK phosphorylation was subsequently increased by restoring stimulation. Further, locations of ERK activation in bulbar neurons after exposure to single odorants corresponded to odor‐evoked activity patterns found with other measures of activity in the bulb. Finally, due to the cytoplasmic location of pERK, activated dendrites belonging to the primary excitatory output neurons of the bulb were observed following a single odor exposure. The results indicate that the MAPK/ERK pathway is activated by odorant stimulation and may play an important role in developmental sensory plasticity in the olfactory bulb. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:234–241, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐structural analysis and connexin expression in the retina of a transgenic model of Huntington's disease
Authors: Petrasch‐Parwez Elisabeth , Habbes Hans‐Werner , Weickert Svenja , Löbbecke‐Schumacher Marlen , Striedinger Katherine , Wieczorek Stefan , Dermietzel Rolf , Epplen Joerg Thomas 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRecent studies indicate that the visual system appears more frequently affected in polyglutamine diseases than expected previously. Here, we investigated retinal degenerations in adult transgenic R6/2 mice, a model for Huntington's disease (HD). Light microscopical analysis revealed retinal dystrophy all over the retina, with central areas showing major effects. Electron microscopical analysis showed strong degenerations of outer and inner photoreceptor segments, shrinkage of photoreceptor cell somata, and signs of degeneration in photoreceptor terminals in the outer plexiform layer. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling showed hints of apoptosis. Mutant huntingtin and ubiquitin were expressed in all classes of retinal neurons, the pigment epithelium, and to a minor extent in neuropil structures. For investigating possible links to functional impairments in the rod‐cone pathway, expression levels of three connexins (Cx) were compared in R6/2 and wildtype mice retinae. In R6/2 mice, expression of Cx36, the major neuronal connexin in the retina, was slightly reduced in the outer plexiform layer, indicating affected photoreceptor terminals as detected at the electron microscopical level. In contrast, Cx45, a putative neuronal connexin in the retina, was remarkably reduced in the inner plexiform layer of R6/2 mice. This result corresponded to fainter signals of Cx45 mRNA as documented by in situ hybridization and to a lower level of mCx45 cDNA as obtained by polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription, suggesting functional deficits in spatial processing of Cx45‐mediated gap junction coupling due to transgene‐induced retinal degenerations. Thus, it is important to clarify the meaning of visual involvement in HD. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:181–197, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder: A diagnostic challenge in urine cytology
Authors: Hemachandran Manikkapurath , Nada Ritambhra , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMost of the available data in the literature describe the cytomorphological features of exfoliated malignant epithelial cells in urine. There are no established diagnostic features that characterize the morphology of exfoliated malignant mesenchymal tumor in urine. Here we highlight the problems in the diagnosis of these groups of tumors. The presence of discohesive atypical cells which lack features of an epithelial nature should make one suspicious of this group of tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:281–282. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in tuberculous lymphadenitis of patients with and without HIV infection
Authors: Nayak Sujata , Puranik Shaila C. , Deshmukh Sanjay D. , Mani Reeta , Bhore Arvind V. , Bollinger Robert C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA study of the cytologic features and role of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) of 21 patients with HIV (group 1) and 21 patients without HIV (group 2) infection was undertaken. Four cytologic patterns were observed, of which necrotizing lymphadenitis (42.9%) and necrotizing suppurative lymphadenitis (28.6%) were predominant in group 1 while necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis (47.7%) and granulomatous lymphadenitis (23.8%) were more common in group 2. No pattern was found specific for either group. Zeihl‐Neelsen‐stained cytology smears of group 1 showed a much higher percentage of positively (61.9%) and a higher density of acid‐fast bacilli than group 2. Definitive diagnoses of TBL on FNAC could be provided in 61.9% of group 1 as against 9.5% of group 2. The need for culture or biopsy for definitive diagnosis was higher in group 2. In suspected TBL, diagnostic efficacy can be improved and the need for surgical biopsy reduced if material collected on FNA is also used for culture. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:204–206. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological criteria for the diagnosis of intraductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Bofin Anna M. , Lydersen Stian , Hagmar Bjørn M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe advent of mammography screening presents a diagnostic challenge to the cytopathologist as an increasing proportion of breast lesions requiring investigation will be nonpalpable and up to 40% will be accounted for by atypical intraductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ, as opposed to previously, when these lesions represented less than 10% of palpable tumors. We studied 133 fine‐needle aspirates from breast tumors and found that nuclear morphology, myoepithelial cells, signs of invasion, and degree of cellular dissociation are among the most potent factors discriminating between benign epithelial proliferations, atypical intraductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:207–215. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Particle disease: Cytopathologic findings of an unusual case
Authors: Parwani Anil V. , Yang Bin , Clark Douglas P. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractParticle disease is a rare lesion that results from an inflammatory response due to wear debris‐induced osteolysis following arthroplasty. Particles resulting from the wear debris cause macrophage activation and phagocytosis. Particle disease often leads to joint loosening and implant failure. Radiologically, it often results in a well‐defined osteolytic lesion‐mimicking tumor. A 68‐year‐old man who presented with chronic hip pain following total hip replacement was studied by fine‐needle aspiration. An ultrasound‐guided aspiration revealed hypercellular smears consisting predominantly of proliferating mesenchymal cells, foamy macrophages, inflammatory cells, and background acellular debris. Numerous multinucleated giant cells were observed as well. Differential diagnosis includes primary or metastatic clear‐cell tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:259–262. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.