bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of electrospun composite nanofibers from Moringa oleifera biomass and metal oxide nanoparticles as potential adsorbents for the removal of lead ions
Authors: Ngulube Ronald , Pillay Letitia , Nombona Nolwazi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrospun multicomposite nanofibers synthesized from extracts of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seed biomass blended with metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were investigated as potential adsorbents. The materials were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET and TGA. The specific surface area of MONPs ranged between 29.75 and 60.92 m2/g and their incorporation in the PAN/M. oleifera composite blend resulted in increased surface coarseness and larger nanofiber diameters (268 ± 21–317 ± 27 nm). The application of PAN/M. oleifera/MONPs for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution via batch adsorption experiments was investigated based on the parameters: solution pH, contact time and initial Pb(II) ion concentration. Experimental results better fitted the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Adsorption capacities ranged between 172.4 and 227.3 mg/g. These results demonstrate that low-cost indigenous materials have significance and applicability in water remediation applications.
Challenges Facing PICUs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in the Treatment of Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: a Review and Perspective from a South African PICU
Authors: Saggers Robin T. , Mothibi Lesego M. , Irwin Adam D. , Naidoo Kuban D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Antimicrobial resistance continues to increase throughout the world, with the impact on critically ill children in low- and middle-income paediatric intensive care units largely unknown.

Recent Findings
There has been a global shift indicating a predominance of Gram-negative bacilli among multidrug-resistant isolates. A 4-year review (2019 to 2022) found a progressive and substantial increase in the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (29% to 51%) alongside high levels of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (93%) within the paediatric intensive care unit at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in South Africa. The pharmacological treatment of these infections relies heavily on the continued use of carbapenems, often in combination with colistin.

Summary
The burden of antimicrobial resistance is disproportionately borne, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The resource-constrained South African public healthcare system, already significantly burdened by both HIV and TB, continues to face several challenges in combating the growth in antimicrobial resistance. Limited access, largely driven by prohibitive costs, to sophisticated laboratory techniques and newer pharmacological agents, leaves the implementation of effective infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship programmes as the most pragmatic options to address the problem.
The Origin and Fate of Chondrocytes: Cell Plasticity in Physiological Setting
Authors: Chagin Andrei S. , Chu Tsz Long 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Here, we discuss the origin of chondrocytes, their destiny, and their plasticity in relationship to bone growth, articulation, and formation of the trabeculae. We also consider these processes from a biological, clinical, and evolutionary perspective.

Recent Findings
Chondrocytes, which provide the template for the formation of most bones, are responsible for skeletal growth and articulation during postnatal life. In recent years our understanding of the fate of these cells has changed dramatically. Current evidence indicates a paradoxical situation during skeletogenesis, with some cells of mesenchymal condensation differentiating directly into osteoblasts, whereas others of the same kind give rise to highly similar osteoblasts via a complex process of differentiation involving several chondrocyte intermediates. The situation becomes even more paradoxical during postnatal growth when stem cells in the growth plate produce differentiated, functional progenies, which thereafter presumably dedifferentiate into another type of stem cell.

Summary
Such a remarkable transition from one cell type to another under postnatal physiological conditions provides a fascinating example of cellular plasticity that may have valuable clinical implications.
Women Migrant Returnees as Intermediaries: Exploring Empowerment and Agency of Migrant Women Returnees in the EU-MENA Region
Authors: Donato Stellamarina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the experiences of women’s migrant returnees in the EU-MENA region. It aims to elucidate their navigation of the complexities associated with return and their contributions to the development and empowerment of local women, migrant women, and prospective returnees. It recognizes that women’s migration journeys entail a multitude of challenges, including gender-specific barriers, social norms, cultural expectations, and legal and institutional constraints. Nevertheless, it argues that women’s returns can serve as a transformative process that enhances opportunities for women’s empowerment and agency, particularly as intermediaries of women’s migration. By bridging the knowledge and resource gaps between the EU and MENA regions, these women have the potential to provide valuable insights that inform policies and practices related to migration, development, and gender equality. Additionally, analyzing the dynamics of empowerment and agency among women’s migrant returnees contributes to broader discussions on gender, migration, and social change. To achieve its objectives, this study employed qualitative research methods, including case studies, comparative analysis, and in-depth interviews. By prioritizing the voices and narratives of women’s migrant returnees, this study ensures a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of their experiences, aspirations, and contributions to the field of women’s migration.
Beyond behavior: the penitence congruity effect among children
Authors: Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Domurat Artur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe penitence congruity effect observed in adults suggests that people may assess wrongdoers more leniently when they exhibit guilt and deontological beliefs. It means that judgments about one’s morality are influenced not only by their actions but also by their expressed moral emotions and beliefs. To determine whether children also exhibit this effect, we studied N = 250 children aged 10 and 11. We presented them with six vignettes: four depicting morally questionable actions (cheating on an exam, lying about homework, fighting with another student, stealing money found in a school hallway) and two displaying socially undesirable behaviors (attending school in pajamas, being late to school). Children also received information about the wrongdoer’s emotions (presence or absence of guilt) and beliefs (deontological stance or its absence) or were provided with no additional information on emotions or beliefs. Participants were then asked to assess a wrongdoer’s morality for each story. Our findings not only confirm the presence of the penitence congruity effect in children but also demonstrate its applicability to non-conventional behaviors. Specifically, when a wrongdoer expresses guilt and acknowledges wrongdoing, children are more lenient in their evaluations than in the control condition when no insights into the wrongdoer’s emotions or beliefs are provided. The results align with the person-centered theory, which posits that individuals assess overall character rather than isolated actions, considering all available information about the person in question. The findings hold potential applications, e.g., in moral education.
Displacement Calibration of Optical Tweezers With Gravitational Acceleration
Authors: Yang Jianyu , Li Nan , Zhu Xunmin , Chen Ming , Wu Mian , Chen Xingfan , Liu Cheng , Zhuang Jian , Hu Huizhu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, levitated particles of optical traps in vacuum have shown the enormous potential for precision sensor development and new physics exploration. However, the accuracy of the sensor is still hampered by the uncertainty of the calibration factor relating the detected signal to the absolute displacement of the trapped particle. In this paper, we suggest and experimentally demonstrate a novel calibration method for optical tweezers based on free-falling particles in vacuum, where the gravitational acceleration is introduced as an absolute reference. Our work provides a calibration protocol with a great certainty and traceability, which is significant in improving the accuracy of precision sensing based on levitated optomechanical systems.
Investigation of surface textures deterioration on pavement skid-resistance using hysteresis friction models and numerical simulation method
Authors: Luo Haoyuan , Chen Siyu , Zhu Leyi , Liu Xiyin , Zheng Yangzezhi , Zhao Runming , Huang Xiaoming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany rubber friction theories or some method combined theories and field-experiments are employed to evaluate the pavement skid-resistance deterioration due to the evolution of surface textures. However, these methods are difficult to be implemented in the analysis of situations with multi-factor coupling and some extreme conditions. This study developed a framework to evaluate the skid-resistance deterioration of asphalt pavements. In this framework, the portable laser scanning was used to create the digital worn pavement model, and a hydroplaning finite element (FE) model for these digital worn pavements was constructed to evaluate coupling effects of the texture evolution and factors of slip ratio, slip angle, velocity and water film on braking-cornering characteristics of tire. In this study, the deterioration of skid-resistance of five typical asphalt pavements due the surface texture wear was systematically investigated by this framework. Compared with previous works, this study established the rubber friction models for each digital worn pavement considering the energy hysteresis of rubber and the power spectrum density of surface texture. And the rubber friction model was used to define the interaction behaviors between the tire and corresponding wore pavements in the FE hydroplaning model, rather than using an empirical friction model or a fixed friction coefficient.
Soft Querying Features in GeoJSON Documents: The GeoSoft Proposal
Authors: Fosci Paolo , Psaila Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince the advent of$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONas a popular format for exchanging large amounts of data, a novel category ofNoSQLdatabase systems, named$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdocument stores, has emerged for storing$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdata sets; in fact, these novel databases are able to natively manage collections of$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdocuments. To help analysts and data engineers query and integrate$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdata sets persistently saved in$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdocument stores, theJ-COFramework has been developed (at the University of Bergamo, Italy): it is built around a novel query language, namedJ-CO-QL$$^{+}$$+, that provides sophisticated features, including soft-querying capabilities. However,J-CO-QL$$^{+}$$+(as the other languages for querying$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdata sets) is designed to be general purpose; consequently, it can be cumbersome for users to apply it on specific data formats. This is the case ofGeoJSON, a specific and popular$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdata format that is designed to represent geographical information layers. This paper presents the latest evolution ofGeoSoft, a novel high-level “domain-specific language” that is specifically designed to express complex queries on theGeoJSONdocuments, including soft-queries.GeoSoftis inspired to the classicalSQLlanguage, so as to reduce the learning curve of potential users.GeoSoftqueries are translated intoJ-CO-QL$$^{+}$$+scripts, to be actually executed.
Emergent Constrained Projections of Mean and Extreme Warming in China
Authors: Chen Ziming , Zhou Tianjun , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Wenxia , Zuo Meng , Man Wenmin , Qian Yun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReliable regional temperature projections including heat extremes are essential for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Taking China as an example, simple averages from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models project high warming due to sampling many high climate sensitivities in the ensemble. Here, we develop an emergent constraint (EC) framework to obtain constrained mean and daily maximum temperature (TXx) warming over China by using observed global warming and local residual warming. The constrained annual mean and TXx warming over China (2.33°C [1.61–3.05°C] and 2.31°C [1.21–2.99°C]) are 0.65°C [0.04–1.76°C] and 0.63°C [–0.50–2.39°C], respectively, lower than raw projections (2.98°C [1.85–4.22°C] and 2.94°C [2.04–4.39°C]) for 2080–2099 under the intermediate‐emission scenario. Approximately half model uncertainty is reduced after constraint. The land area (population) experiencing temperature extremes in our metric is 78% (85%) of the raw projections. Our results imply a lower impact of extreme heat than implied by current raw CMIP6 projections.
Transient Permeability of a Deep‐Seated Subduction Interface Shear Zone
Authors: Muñoz‐Montecinos J. , Behr W. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSlow slip and tremor is observed along many subduction margins and is commonly linked to fluid pressure variations and migration. Accurate estimates of porosity and permeability around subduction megathrust shear zones are vital for understanding fluid‐seismicity interactions. We use high‐resolution digital outcrop data and (micro)structural analysis to assess transient permeability and porosity of a deep‐seated subduction interface exposed on Syros Island, Greece. We document the orientations, relative timing, and opening aperture (based on crack‐seal textures) of veins that were emplaced synkinematically with ductile deformation during early exhumation within the subduction channel. Our findings indicate high permeability through vein‐filled fractures amidst a lower permeability matrix, with transient, fracture‐controlled permeabilities ranging from 10−14 to 10−15 m2 and fracture porosities of 1%–10%. These estimates align with low‐end values from seismological/geodetic observations in active subduction zones, and are also consistent with fault‐valve‐like numerical models that suggest high background‐to‐transient permeability contrasts favor unstable slip.
Enhanced Mid‐Holocene Vegetation Growth and Its Biophysical Feedbacks in China
Authors: Chen Weizhe , Zhang Zhongshi , Ciais Philippe , Tan Liangcheng , Kemp David B. , Viovy Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProxy‐based reconstructions show that the climate during the mid‐Holocene (MH) was warmer and wetter than the present day in most regions of China, characterized by a northwestward extension of the East Asian summer monsoon and an increase in woody cover. However, climate simulations that neglect vegetation shifts yield cooler climates than proxy‐based reconstructions for the MH. Here, we simulate MH vegetation cover, productivity, and terrestrial parameters in China using a state‐of‐the‐art land surface model forced with realistic proxy‐based climate data. Our simulations corroborate MH vegetation cover inferred from 246 pollen sites, and indicate a higher vegetation productivity in China, despite the lower CO2 concentration during the MH compared to the present day. Enhanced vegetation growth during the MH could have affected land surface energy and hydrological budgets through biophysical feedbacks. Our findings highlight the impact of vegetation dynamics on the terrestrial carbon cycle and regional climate in China.
Turbulence‐Driven Clogging of Hyporheic Zones by Fine Particle Filtration
Authors: Saavedra Cifuentes Edwin , Teitelbaum Yoni , Arnon Shai , Dallmann Jonathan , Phillips Colin B. , Packman Aaron I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHyporheic exchange (HE), fine particle deposition and clogging are tightly coupled processes that control ecosystem services in rivers. While HE is assumed to be induced primarily by riverbed topography, surface flow turbulence also drives significant exchange. We show that turbulence‐driven HE produces large interfacial fluxes and drives long‐term feedback between HE and fine suspended particles via bed clogging. Turbulence significantly increases total HE fluxes as it rapidly delivers suspended particles into porewater over the entire interface, whereas advective pumping exchange only delivers particles into focused downwelling regions on the upstream side of bedforms. While turbulence is associated with rapid fluctuations and shallow HE, it is key on longer‐timescale outcomes, namely bed clogging. However, beyond the general effect of clogging in attenuating HE, turbulence‐driven HE will also be important for other river‐borne materials that are retained and transformed within hyporheic zones, such as nutrients and organic pollutants.
Solar Forcing of ENSO on Century Timescales
Authors: Wilcox Paul S. , Mudelsee Manfred , Spötl Christoph , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) responds to natural variability is of key importance for future climate projections under a warming climate. However, there is no clear consensus on what drives ENSO's variability on centennial timescales. Here, we find that the epikarst in southeastern Alaska is effective at filtering ENSO and solar irradiance signals from the Aleutian Low regional climate, which are subsequently recorded in speleothem proxy data. By applying a correlation test, we find that ENSO was significantly influenced by solar irradiance over the past ∼3,500 years. This relationship dissolved after ∼1970 CE, with ENSO now being dominated by anthropogenic forcing. This implies a new ENSO mean state that will need to be incorporated into future climate projections.
Dependence of Electron Flux Dropouts in the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt on Energy and Driving Parameters During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Hua Man , Bortnik Jacob , Ma Donglai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing 5‐year of measurements from Van Allen Probes, we present a survey of the statistical dependence of the Earth's outer radiation belt electron flux dropouts during geomagnetic storms on electron energy and various driving parameters including interplanetary magnetic field Bz, PSW, SYM‐H, and AE. By systematically investigating the dropouts over energies of 1 keV–10 MeV at L‐shells spanning 4.0–6.5, we find that the dropouts are naturally divided into three regions. The dropouts show much higher occurrence rates at energies below ∼100 keV and above ∼1 MeV compared to much smaller occurrence rate at intermediate energies around hundreds of keV. The flux decays more dramatically at energies above ∼1 MeV compared to the energies below ∼100 keV. The flux dropouts of electrons below ∼100 keV strongly depend on magnetic local time (MLT), which demonstrate high occurrence rates on the nightside (18–06 MLT), with the highest occurrence rate associated with northward Bz, strong PSW and SYM‐H, and weak AE conditions. The strongest flux decay of these dropouts is found on the nightside, which strongly depends on PSW and SYM‐H. However, there is no clear MLT dependence of the occurrence rate of relativistic electron flux dropouts above ∼1 MeV, but the flux decay of these dropouts is more significant on the dayside, with stronger decay associated with southward IMF Bz, strong PSW, SYM‐H, and AE conditions. Our statistical results are crucial for understanding of the fundamental physical mechanisms that control the outer belt electron dynamics and developing future potential radiation belt forecasting capability.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein overexpression is an independent poor prognostic indicator in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ong Khaa Hoo , Hsieh Yao-Yu , Lai Hong-Yue , Sun Ding-Ping , Chen Tzu-Ju , Huang Steven Kuan-Hua , Tian Yu-Feng , Chou Chia-Ling , Shiue Yow-Ling , Wu Hung-Chang , Chan Ti-Chun , Tsai Hsin-Hwa , Li Chien-Feng , Su Po-An , Kuo Yu-Hsuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) interacts with various extracellular matrix proteins in tissues. Elevated COMP levels recently linked to worse overall survival in multiple cancer types. COMP's significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains uncertain. Here we report a retrospective study to explore COMP's impact on iCCA outcomes. We collected 182 patients' iCCA tumor tissues. COMP overexpression was associated with adverse factors like R1 resection (p = 0.008), advanced T stage (p < 0.001), large duct type (p = 0.004), and poorly differentiated histology (p = 0.002). COMP overexpression correlates with poorer DFS (HR, 3.651; p = 0.001), OS (HR, 1.827; p = 0.023), LRFS (HR, 4.077; p < 0.001), and MFS (HR, 3.718; p < 0.001). High COMP expression ties to worse overall survival (p = 0.0001), DSS (p < 0.0001), LRFS (p < 0.0001), and MFS (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, COMP overexpression links to poor prognosis and pathological features in iCCA, indicating its potential as a biomarker.
The quality monitoring of paracetamol medicament using a noninvasive microwave sensor
Authors: Zaarour Youness , EL Arroud Fatimazahrae , Griguer Hafid , El Alami Rafiq , El Kohen Mohammed , Salhi Wiam , Faik Abdessamad , Drissi M’hamed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnvironmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and light, can impact the quality of drugs. Microwave-based approaches offer a fast and cost-effective way to detect quality variations, providing an alternative to traditional techniques in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This article proposes the use of a microwave sensor for monitoring the quality of pharmaceutical drugs at distinct temperature levels. A small planar sensor based on three hexagonal split ring resonators (TH-SRR) is fabricated. The design is manufactured on an FR-4 dielectric substrate. The sensor is tested on a 1000 mg paracetamol tablet, at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80 $$^\circ$$

∘

C. The Variation in the permittivity that characterizes product degradation is translated into a shift in the frequency of the scattering matrix elements. To validate the microwave approach, drug quality is examined with the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique, an optical emission laser used for both qualitative and quantitative investigations of elements contained in a sample. The existing elements are classified using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database and categorized according to their spectral line wavelengths. The experiments show the presence of optimal wavelength values for carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) at 247.92 nm, 656.49 nm, 244.23 nm, and 777.48 nm, respectively. The microwave experimental results show a shift frequency of approximately 1 MHz on average when the tablet is heated at 80 $$^\circ$$

∘

C for 15 min. Meanwhile, the LIBS measurement shows a remarkable shift in terms of intensity of approximately 8884 and 812 for carbon and hydrogen, respectively. Understanding how paracetamol dries under high temperatures and improving the process settings of the microwave sensor are investigated and assessed in this work.