bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of environmental parameters on spatial variation in zoobenthic density and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) within a large lake
Authors: Heuvel Cecilia E. , Zhao Yingming , Ciborowski Jan J. H. , Wang Li , Mancini Emilee , Fisk Aaron T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe use of baselines in stable isotope studies to interpret food web structure is essential, but baseline isotope values are often assumed to be spatially homogeneous, even in large aquatic ecosystems. To test this assumption in large lakes, we quantified spatial variation in δ13C, δ15N (deposit‐feeding Oligochaeta and filter‐feeding Dreissena spp.), and δ34S (Dreissena spp. only) and density in Lake Erie between 2014 and 2016. Lake Erie's three distinct basins differ in size, bathymetry, and nutrient loading, making it an excellent system for exploring spatial variation in stable isotopes of baseline organisms. Dreissena spp. densities were highest in the western and lowest in the seasonally hypoxic central basin, while Oligochaeta densities were relatively consistent throughout Lake Erie. Values of δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S exhibited distinct spatial trends that were not related to population densities but followed the west to east direction of water flow within the lake. For both taxa, δ13C was lower in the deeper, oligotrophic east basin than the shallow, mesotrophic west basin, and δ15N and δ34S increased from west to east. Spatial patterns of low δ34S in Dreissena spp. in the western and central basins were likely related to hypoxia, whereas patterns of δ15N in both taxa were probably related to the greater influence of agricultural land uses in the western basin. Spatial trends of stable isotopes in large lake zoobenthos are driven by complex interactions of environmental gradients, which could introduce bias in evaluations of trophic structures within aquatic ecosystems that use stable isotopes.
Comparison of quartz and sapphire optical chambers for infrared laser sealing of vascular tissues using a reciprocating, side‐firing optical fiber: Simulations and experiments
Authors: Saeed Woheeb M. , O'Brien Patrick J. , Yoshino Jude , Restelli Aidan R. , Traynham Alexandria J. , Fried Nathaniel M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionInfrared (IR) lasers are being tested as an alternative to radiofrequency (RF) and ultrasonic (US) surgical devices for hemostatic sealing of vascular tissues. In previous studies, a side‐firing optical fiber with elliptical IR beam output was reciprocated, producing a linear IR laser beam pattern for uniform sealing of blood vessels. Technical challenges include limited field‐of‐view of vessel position within the metallic device jaws, and matching fiber scan length to variable vessel sizes. A transparent jaw may improve visibility and enable custom treatment.MethodsQuartz and sapphire square optical chambers (2.7 × 2.7 × 25 [mm3] outer dimensions) were tested, capable of fitting into a 5‐mm‐OD laparoscopic device. A 1470 nm laser was used for optical transmission studies. Razor blade scans and an IR beam profiler acquired fiber (550‐µm‐core/0.22NA) output beam profiles. Thermocouples recorded peak temperatures and cooling times on internal and external chamber surfaces. Optical fibers with angle polished distal tips delivered 94% of light at a 90° angle. Porcine renal arteries with diameters of 3.4 ± 0.7 mm (n = 13) for quartz and 3.2 ± 0.7 mm (n = 14) for sapphire chambers (p > 0.05), were sealed using 30 W for 5 s.ResultsReflection losses at material/air interfaces were 3.3% and 7.4% for quartz and sapphire. Peak temperatures on the external chamber surface averaged 74 ± 8°C and 73 ± 10°C (p > 0.05). Times to cool down to 37°C measured 13 ± 4 s and 27 ± 7 s (p < 0.05). Vessel burst pressures (BP) averaged 883 ± 393 mmHg and 412 ± 330 mmHg (p < 0.05). For quartz, 13/13 (100%) vessels were sealed (BP > 360 mmHg), versus 9/14 (64%) for sapphire. Computer simulations for the quartz chamber yielded peak temperatures (78°C) and cooling times (16 s) similar to experiments.ConclusionsQuartz is an inexpensive material for use in a laparoscopic device jaw, providing more consistent vessel seals and faster cooling times than sapphire and current RF and US devices.
Comparison of electrodiagnostic findings in acute traumatic versus chronic non‐traumatic ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Robinson Lawrence R. , Broadhurst Peter , Wasserman Alex 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsA common concept is that traumatic nerve injuries are more likely axonal, and that compressive neuropathies are more likely demyelinating. The purpose of this study was to compare traumatic versus non‐traumatic ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) to look for electrodiagnostic differences between the two groups.MethodsA retrospective 3 year review of UNE patients at two academic health science centers was conducted. Patients were grouped into acute traumatic UNE versus chronic non‐traumatic UNE based on clinical history. Electrodiagnostic measurements were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 50 subjects with acute traumatic UNE and 41 with chronic non‐traumatic UNE. Mean age and sex distribution were similar but those with traumatic UNE had a 7 month duration of symptoms, while those with chronic UNE had 29 month duration (p < .001). All electrodiagnostic measurements were similar between the two groups including compound muscle action potential amplitudes, motor conduction velocities, frequency of conduction block, sensory nerve studies, and needle electromyography.DiscussionWe did not find a difference between the two groups. One should not make inferences regarding acuity or etiology based on electrodiagnostic features alone.
Comparison of three magnetic resonance imaging measures of brain iron in healthy and cocaine use disorder participants
Authors: Voltin Joshua , Nunn Lisa M. , Watson Zoe , Brasher Zoe E. , Adisetiyo Vitria , Hanlon Colleen A. , Nietert Paul J. , McRae‐Clark Aimee L. , Jensen Jens H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeveral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures for quantifying endogenous nonheme brain iron have been proposed. These correspond to distinct physical properties with varying sensitivities and specificities to iron. Moreover, they may depend not only on tissue iron concentration, but also on the intravoxel spatial pattern of iron deposition, which is complex in many brain regions. Here, the three MRI brain iron measures of
, magnetic field correlation (MFC), and magnetic susceptibility are compared in several deep gray matter regions for both healthy participants (HPs) and individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD). Their concordance is assessed from their correlations with each other and their relative dependencies on age. In addition, associations between the iron measures and microstructure in adjacent white matter regions are investigated by calculating their correlations with diffusion MRI measures from the internal capsule, and associations with cognition are determined by using results from a battery of standardized tests relevant to CUD. It is found that all three iron measures are strongly correlated with each other for the considered gray matter regions, but with correlation coefficients substantially less than one indicating important differences. The age dependencies of all three measures are qualitatively similar in most regions, except for the red nucleus, where the susceptibility has a significantly stronger correlation with age than
. Weak to moderate correlations are seen for the iron measures with several of the diffusion and cognitive measures, with the strongest correlations being obtained for
. The iron measures differ little between the HP and CUD groups, although susceptibility is significantly lower in the red nucleus for the CUD group. For the comparisons made, the iron measures behave similarly in most respects, but with notable quantitative differences. It is suggested that these differences may be, in part, attributable to a higher sensitivity to the spatial pattern of iron deposition for
and MFC than for susceptibility. This is supported most strongly by a sharp contrast between the values of the iron measures in the globus pallidus relative to those in the red nucleus. The observed correlations of the iron measures with diffusion and cognitive scores point to possible connections between gray matter iron, white matter microstructure, and cognition.
Robust finite element methods and solvers for the Biot–Brinkman equations in vorticity form
Authors: Caraballo Ruben , In Chansophea Wathanak , Martín Alberto F. , Ruiz‐Baier Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new formulation and a suitable finite element method for the steady coupling of viscous flow in deformable porous media using divergence‐conforming filtration fluxes. The proposed method is based on the use of parameter‐weighted spaces, which allows for a more accurate and robust analysis of the continuous and discrete problems. Furthermore, we conduct a solvability analysis of the proposed method and derive optimal error estimates in appropriate norms. These error estimates are shown to be robust in a variety of regimes, including the case of large Lamé parameters and small permeability and storativity coefficients. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we provide a few representative numerical examples, including convergence verification and testing of robustness of block‐diagonal preconditioners with respect to model parameters.
Fabricating of poly(vinyl alcohol)/halloysite nanotubes/gelatin composite sponges with enhanced mechanical properties and rapid water absorption speed
Authors: Wu Wentao , Chen Tianxiang , Feng Wenliang , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Zhao Chunlin , Wu Xiao , Lin Cong , Wu Weihang , Wang Yu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the biomedical field, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge has been widely used. In particular, it is considered a potential implant material for repairing soft tissues. However, its insufficient water absorption and mechanical properties limit its application. In this work, a novel PVA/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)/gelatin ternary composite sponge was prepared by water solution mixing and casting techniques. HNTs and gelatin/PVA solution were mixed at different weight ratios. The structure of the ternary composite sponges was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy. The physical properties of the ternary composite sponges were characterized. The maximum water absorption reached 1783.5% with a rapid water absorption speed at a weight ratio of HNTs/gelatin of 1:8. Owing to its interconnected macroporous structure and good interfacial interaction, its highest compression strength and tensile strength reached 8.22, 1.51 MPa, respectively. In addition, its thermal stability was enhanced as well, which demonstrated that the prepared composite sponge had better performance than the pure PVA sponge by constructing a ternary system. Therefore, the results suggest that the PVA/HNTs/gelatin ternary composite sponge shows a wider application value as a potential material for repairing soft tissue.Highlights
A composite PVA sponge with promising applications in tissue engineering.
Simple preparation method, water solution mixing and casting techniques.
Pioneering a PVA/HNTs/gelatin ternary system sponge.
Improved water absorption ability and mechanical properties.
Transparent and highly organosoluble aromatic polyimides with twisted backbone and bulky side substituents for flexible substrate materials
Authors: She Yang‐Kai , Wang Shu‐Xiao , Liao Qing , Lin Mei‐Jin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, four novel aromatic polyimides (PIs) with twisted backbone and bulky side substituents were prepared via chemical imidization reaction and two‐step condensation polymerization at reduced reaction temperature. The number‐average and weight‐average molecular weights of the resulting PIs are in the range of 1.98 × 104–4.10 × 104 and 2.66 × 104–5.32 × 104 g mol−1, respectively, while maintaining polydispersity indices consistently below 2.0. In addition, the obtained PIs showed excellent solubility in most common solvents, even in low‐boiling solvents, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran. The films casted from these PIs also displayed optical transparency with a cutoff wavelength in the range of 335–360 nm. Among the PIs, PAPOT‐OPDA, derived from 3,3′‐Diisopropyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl‐3″‐phenoxybenzylmethane (PAPOT) and 3,3′,4,4′‐diphenylethertetracarboxylic dianhydride (OPDA), exhibited the highest transparency of T450 = 81% and T500 = 85%, and the best solubility without compromising its thermal properties.
Effects of virtual exercise on cardio‐pulmonary performance and depression in cardiac rehabilitation phase I: A randomized control trial
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Boonkawee Tunchanok , Pipatsart Phansaporn , Tavonudomgit Wararat , Sermsinsaithong Natsinee , Songsorn Preyaphorn , Charususin Noppawan , Harnmanop Somrudee , Namdaeng Phuwarin , Kulchanarat Chitima , Thanawattano Chusak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac rehabilitation is recommended for patients undergoing open‐heart surgery (OHS). During the hospital admission, these patients suffer from reduced cardiopulmonary performance and decreased psychological health, leading to poor physical function, depression, and morbidity. To prevent post‐operative pulmonary complications, a pre and post‐operative physical therapy intervention is recommended for patients undergoing heart surgery. Virtual reality (VR) promotes the health status of healthy individuals and those with health conditions. However, few studies have reported the beneficial effects of VR exercise programs on the pulmonary performance and mental health status of patients undergoing OHS.ObjectivesTo determine whether by using training enhanced by VR, patients who have undergone OHS can more effectively attain cardiopulmonary performance and improve depression than through conventional physical therapy.Method60 participants were randomly assigned to a conventional physical therapy and VR exercise program. Each session was conducted once daily until discharge from the hospital. Cardiorespiratory performance and depression were evaluated before surgery and at the time of discharge from the hospital. A two‐way mixed ANOVA was performed to compare within (i.e., pre and post‐operation) and between (i.e., VR and conventional physical therapy) groups.ResultsNo significant cardiopulmonary performance gains were detected in patients receiving the VR exercise program when compared with those who participated in conventional physical therapy prior to post‐operative OHS (p > 0.05). However, the conventional physical therapy group showed significantly higher depression scores than the VR group (∆4.00 ± 0.98 vs. ∆1.68 ± 0.92). However, cardiopulmonary performance did not differ in both VR exercise and conventional physical therapy.
Nezha‐IV: A hybrid aerial underwater vehicle in real ocean environments
Authors: Jin Yufei , Bi Yuanbo , Lyu Chenxin , Bai Yulin , Zeng Zheng , Lian Lian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHybrid aerial underwater vehicles (HAUVs) that are capable of autonomously operating in both the aerial and underwater environments with repeated rapid transitions have received great interest in recent years. Current HAUV prototypes cannot fully cope with the unstructured, harsh, and hazardous ocean environments considering the high‐pressure and the strong hydrodynamic perturbations. This work reports on the HAUV, Nezha‐IV, with all basic functions validated in a real ocean environment. Nezha‐IV has four aerial propellers and eight underwater thrusters. It is not only capable of maneuvering delicately during flight and underwater but can also perform dynamic transitions under rough sea conditions. We present the design, construction, control, and oceanic testing of Nezha‐IV and demonstrate reliability and robustness, especially during the transition phases. Performance estimation and results gathered from tests in the South China Sea show that Nezha‐IV can operate at various depths ranging from 0 to 50 m at a velocity of 1 kt for 22 min and hover in the air for 15 min or cruise at a velocity of 10 m/s for 7.2 km in 12 min. This project contributes to the field of HAUV with (i) a HAUV capable of dynamic locomotion with high stability in both media and during transitions; (ii) identification of challenges during water–air transition in harsh sea conditions, and a reliable transition strategy that helps the development of fully autonomous HAUVs; (iii) a modular, foldable, and impact‐resistant HAUV structure; (iv) vehicle's capability proved by extensive tests in dynamic ocean environment.
Weak Dispersion of Exciton Landé Factor with Band Gap Energy in Lead Halide Perovskites: Approximate Compensation of the Electron and Hole Dependences
Authors: Kopteva Natalia E. , Yakovlev Dmitri R. , Kirstein Erik , Zhukov Evgeny A. , Kudlacik Dennis , Kalitukha Ina V. , Sapega Victor F. , Hordiichuk Oleh , Dirin Dmitry N. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Baumann Andreas , Höcker Julian , Dyakonov Vladimir , Crooker Scott A. , Bayer Manfred 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe optical properties of lead halide perovskite semiconductors in vicinity of the bandgap are controlled by excitons, so that investigation of their fundamental properties is of critical importance. The exciton Landé or g‐factor gX is the key parameter, determining the exciton Zeeman spin splitting in magnetic fields. The exciton, electron, and hole carrier g‐factors provide information on the band structure, including its anisotropy, and the parameters contributing to the electron and hole effective masses. Here, gX is measured by reflectivity in magnetic fields up to 60 T for lead halide perovskite crystals. The materials band gap energies at a liquid helium temperature vary widely across the visible spectral range from 1.520 up to 3.213 eV in hybrid organic–inorganic and fully inorganic perovskites with different cations and halogens: FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2, MAPbI3, FAPbBr3, CsPbBr3, and MAPb(Br0.05Cl0.95)3. The exciton g‐factors are found to be nearly constant, ranging from +2.3 to +2.7. Thus, the strong dependences of the electron and hole g‐factors on the bandgap roughly compensate each other when combining to the exciton g‐factor. The same is true for the anisotropies of the carrier g‐factors, resulting in a nearly isotropic exciton g‐factor. The experimental data are compared favorably with model calculation results.
Rational Design of High‐Performance Electrodes Based on Ferric Oxide Nanosheets Deposited on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Advanced Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Ji Zhenyuan , Chen Lizhi , Tang Guanxiang , Zhong Jiali , Yuan Aihua , Zhu Guoxing , Shen Xiaoping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe core strategy for constructing ultra‐high‐performance hybrid supercapacitors is the design of reasonable and effective electrode materials. Herein, a facile solvothermal‐calcination strategy is developed to deposit the phosphate‐functionalized Fe2O3 (P‐Fe2O3) nanosheets on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) framework. Benefiting from the superior conductivity of rGO and the high conductivity and fast charge storage dynamics of phosphate ions, the synthesized P‐Fe2O3/rGO anode exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance with a high capacitance of 586.6 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and only 4.0% capacitance loss within 10 000 cycles. In addition, the FeMoO4/Fe2O3/rGO nanosheets are fabricated by utilizing Fe2O3/rGO as the precursor. The introduction of molybdates successfully constructs open ion channels between rGO layers and provides abundant active sites, enabling the excellent electrochemical features of FeMoO4/Fe2O3/rGO cathode with a splendid capacity of 475.4 C g−1 at 1 A g−1. By matching P‐Fe2O3/rGO with FeMoO4/Fe2O3/rGO, the constructed hybrid supercapacitor presents an admirable energy density of 82.0 Wh kg−1 and an extremely long working life of 95.0% after 20 000 cycles. Furthermore, the continuous operation of the red light‐emitting diode for up to 30 min demonstrates the excellent energy storage properties of FeMoO4/Fe2O3/rGO//P‐Fe2O3/rGO, which provides multiple possibilities for the follow‐up energy storage applications of the iron‐based composites.
Nanostructurally Engineering Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Zheng Tianyu , Ding Xu , Sun Tingting , Yang Xiya , Wang Xinxin , Zhou Xin , Zhang Pianpian , Yu Baoqiu , Wang Yuhui , Xu Qingmei , Xu Lianbin , Wang Dingsheng , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein, a series of imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are developed with advanced ordered mesoporous hollow spherical nanomorphology and ultra‐large mesopores (4.6 nm in size), named OMHS‐COF‐M (M = H, Co, and Ni). The ordered mesoporous hollow spherical nanomorphology is revealed to be formed via an Ostwald ripening mechanism based on a one‐step self‐templated strategy. Encouraged by its unique structural features and outstanding photoelectrical property, the OMHS‐COF‐Co material is applied as the photocatalyst for CO2‐to‐CO reduction. Remarkably, it delivers an impressive CO production rate as high as 15 874 µmol g−1 h−1, a large selectivity of 92.4%, and a preeminent cycling stability. From in/ex situ experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the excellent CO2 photoreduction performance is ascribed to the desirable cooperation of unique ordered mesoporous hollow spherical host and abundant isolated Co active sites, enhancing CO2 activation, and improving electron transfer kinetics as well as reducing the energy barriers for intermediates *COOH generation and CO desorption.
Ammonia‐Induced FCC Ru Nanocrystals for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: He Shunyi , Tu Yuanhua , Zhang Jiaxi , Zhang Longhai , Ke Jun , Wang Liming , Du Li , Cui Zhiming , Song Huiyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe urgent development of effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) is needed due to the sluggish alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis. Here, an unusual face‐centered cubic (fcc) Ru nanocrystal with favorable HER/HOR performance is offered. Guided by the lower calculated surface energy of fcc Ru than that of hcp Ru in NH3, the carbon‐supported fcc Ru electrocatalyst is facilely synthesized in the NH3 reducing atmosphere. The specific HOR kinetic current density of fcc Ru can reach 23.4 mA cmPGM−2, which is around 20 and 21 times greater than that of hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) Ru and Pt/C, respectively. Additionally, the HER specific activity is enhanced more than six times in fcc Ru electrocatalyst when compared to Pt/C. Experimental and theoretical analysis indicate that the phase transition from hcp Ru to fcc Ru can negatively shift the d band center, weaken the interaction between catalysts and key intermediates and therefore enhances the HER/HOR kinetics.