bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social, Racial, and Economic Disparities Affecting Outcomes of Hypertensive Adolescents
Authors: Singhapakdi Kanya , Haydel Amelia , Johnston Marla , Yang Shengping , Bradford Tamara , Moulton Dedrick , Kimball Thomas R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEssential hypertension is one of the most common conditions managed in pediatric cardiology and can result in lasting deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. Pediatric hypertension is so prevalent in the United States that it is often referred to as a public health challenge.Social determinants of health (SDH) are the cultural, economic, educational, healthcare accessibility, and political influences in the environment in which an individual is born or lives, all of which can affect that individual's overall health. This study investigated the impact of social determinants such as rurality, food insecurity, transportation challenges, minority status, income, and race on cardiovascular outcomes in adolescent patients with essential hypertension.This study utilizes multiple validated tools including those from the United States Census and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Using these tools, the patients were scored on their social vulnerability based on home address. These scores were then compared with their echocardiographic data, focusing on measures of end‐organ damage known to occur in the setting of hypertension, including but not limited to indexed left ventricular (LV) mass. LV mass is an independent risk factor for future adverse cardiovascular events.In this study, more social vulnerability and low income were associated with a greater indexed LV mass (r = 0.18, p = 0.008). African American race was associated with a higher left atrial (LA) volume (p = 0.03). These findings substantiate that adolescents with essential hypertension are not only impacted by biological factors but also a combination of intersecting social constructs. The results of this study provide both a deeper understanding of the challenges these patients face and the opportunity to develop real‐life interventions that can optimize clinical outcomes.
First‐in‐Man Study of a Novel Peripheral Plaque Atherectomy Device
Authors: Wang Hui , Pan Dikang , Cui Shijun , Tong Zhu , Gao Xixiang , Gu Yongquan , Guo Jianming , Guo Lianrui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis first‐in‐man (FIM) study evaluated the feasibility and safety of a new peripheral plaque atherectomy system in patients with symptomatic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD). Ten patients with symptomatic LEAD (Rutherford class 2–5) were enrolled in a prospective, single‐center study from March to April 2024. Patients aged 18–85 years with target lesions showing ≥70% stenosis and reference vessel diameters ≥1.8 mm underwent treatment using a novel atherectomy device with a “shaving” mechanism to excise calcified plaques. Outcomes included post‐procedural stenosis improvement, 6‐month primary patency rate, and safety endpoints such as thrombosis, vasospasm, acute occlusion, and distal embolization. Statistical analysis used SPSS 23.0. Ten male patients (mean age: 61.4 ± 9.2 years) were treated. Most had diabetes (80%), hypertension (70%), and hyperlipidemia (80%). Pre‐procedural ankle‐brachial index (ABI) averaged 0.50 ± 0.14. Angiographic analysis showed 60% of lesions in the femoral artery and 40% as chronic total occlusions. No major adverse events occurred, with 100% technical success. Post‐procedural ABI improved to 0.92 ± 0.12 (p < 0.05). At 6 months, the primary patency rate was 100%, with no clinically‐driven revascularization or adverse cardiovascular events. Mortality was 0%. All patients reported significant improvement in symptoms and walking distance, as well as enhanced quality of life and reduced pain during physical activity. The novel atherectomy device showed promising safety and efficacy for treating calcified LEAD. Larger‐scale trials are needed to confirm these outcomes.
Indole‐3‐Lactic Acid Inhibits Doxorubicin‐Induced Ferroptosis Through Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor/Nrf2 Signalling Pathway
Authors: Lian Jiangfang , Lin Hui , Zhong Zuoquan , Song Yongfei , Shao Xian , Zhou Jiedong , Xu Lili , Sun Zhenzhu , Yang Yongyi , Chi Jufang , Wang Ping , Meng Liping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to its cardiotoxicity, which is primarily attributed to its interaction with iron in mitochondria, leading to lipid peroxidation and myocardial ferroptosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota‐derived metabolite, indole‐3‐lactic acid (ILA), in mitigating DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Cardiac function, pathological changes, and myocardial ferroptosis were assessed in vivo. The cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of ILA were explored using multi‐omics approaches, including single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) and bulk RNA‐seq, and were further validated in Nrf2 knockout mice. The findings revealed that DOX treatment disrupted gut microbiota, significantly reducing the levels of the tryptophan metabolite ILA. In DIC models, ILA supplementation markedly improved cardiac function, reduced collagen deposition, and mitigated cardiac atrophy. The bulk and snRNA‐seq analyses indicated that myocardial ferroptosis played a crucial role in the cardioprotective effects of ILA. Experimental data demonstrated that ILA decreased DOX‐induced ferroptosis in both DIC mice and DOX‐treated H9C2 cells, evidenced by restoration of GPX4 and SLC7A11 levels and reduction of ACSL4. Mechanistically, ILA functions as a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), leading to the upregulation of Nrf2 expression. The protective effects of ILA against ferroptosis were abolished by silencing AhR. Moreover, the beneficial effects of ILA on DIC were eliminated in Nrf2‐deficient mice. In conclusion, ILA exerts therapeutic effects against DIC by inhibiting ferroptosis through activation of the AhR/Nrf2 signalling pathway. Identifying the cardioprotective role of the microbial metabolite ILA could offer viable therapeutic strategies for DIC.
Integrated Analysis of Bulk RNA Sequencing, eQTL, GWAS, and Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Key Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gong Mingkai , Zhao Xian , Li Qingze , Hao Qisheng , Cha Lichao , Dong Guofei , Li Xinyu , Qiu Fabo , Li Dan , Tian Lantian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a continual therapeutic challenge owing to its elevated incidence and unfavourable prognosis, underscoring the critical need for the discovery of new molecular targets for detection and therapy. This work included the analysis of three publically accessible HCC datasets from TCGA and GEO. Instrumental variables (IVs) were derived via expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, then followed by two‐sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis utilising publically available summary statistics. Key disease‐associated genes were identified by assessing odds ratios and connecting them with differentially expressed genes across the datasets. The potential molecular mechanisms of these genes were clarified by functional enrichment analysis, clinical data analysis, single‐cell RNA sequencing, GSEA, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint analysis. These findings were then confirmed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR. By synthesising the outcomes from differential analysis of the databases, we found two genes, SERPING1 and STEAP3, that may be crucial in the beginning and development of HCC. These genes have a role in vital biological pathways and functions, such as metabolic regulation and macrophage activation. The significance of immunological‐mediated processes in HCC was further highlighted by CIBERSORT analysis, which revealed a specific pattern of immune cell infiltration and the location of immunological checkpoints in the illness. The findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HCC and underscore critical genes implicated in its pathogenesis. SERPING1 and STEAP3 affect tumour cells and modify the tumour microenvironment (TME), indicating that targeting these genes may offer a viable immunotherapeutic approach for HCC in clinical settings.
Metrnl and Cardiomyopathies: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Insights
Authors: Xu Miaomiao , Liu Xiaoguang , Lu Liming , Li Zhaowei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCardiomyopathies, a diverse group of diseases affecting the heart muscle, continue to pose significant clinical challenges due to their complex aetiologies and limited treatment options targeting underlying genetic and molecular dysregulations. Emerging evidence indicates that Metrnl, a myokine, adipokine and cardiokine, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various cardiomyopathies. Therefore, the objective of this review is to examine the role and mechanism of Metrnl in various cardiomyopathies, with the expectation of providing new insights for the treatment of these diseases.
A Twist on Injection Molding: Injecting Conventional Resin Composites
Authors: Vargas Marcos A. , Margeas Robert 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThis article presents a different approach to injectable techniques. This technique uses conventional viscosity materials to achieve maximum strength and esthetics.Clinical ConsiderationsThe use of high‐viscosity material which has the strongest physical properties is desirable since failure of anterior resin composite has been described as fracture and recurrent decay. By incorporating changes to the conventional injection technique, heating and making bigger access wholes on the matrix allows the utilization of higher conventional viscosity materials.ConclusionsThe use of higher viscosity materials while using injectable techniques is possible by heating and providing a bigger access entrance to composite resin compules.
Reimagining André Rey's method for recording the copy process of the Rey Complex Figure Test: A commentary
Authors: Kuruvilla Maneesh V. , Blazely Angela 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn 1941, André Rey published the Rey Complex Figure, a widely used test for assessing visual‐constructional ability and visual memory. It consists of two parts: copy and recall. Evaluating the copy portion presents challenges, as it requires the administrator to focus on both the process and outcome. The assessor must systematically track how the patient copies the figure in real‐time to evaluate their planning, organisation and executive abilities. This ‘clinician's copy’ serves as a record of the patient's approach, aiding later judgements about their cognitive skills. To ensure accuracy, clinicians need a method to record this process for later review or colleague consultation. This paper revisits Rey's suggestion of using different coloured pencils to observe the copy sequence, proposing an alternative. Instead of providing coloured pencils to the patient, we recommend that the administrator use them to record the copy sequence. This method aligns with test norms, reducing potential distractions for the patient while enabling both experienced and novice administrators to easily track and document the sequence of copying.
Oil Shocks and the Financial Markets: A Review
Authors: Ma Feng , Lu Xinjie , Vigne Samuel A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLeading to enormous effects on the global financial markets, oil shocks have received full attention from academic literature. The objective of this survey is to organize and consolidate existing theoretical and empirical research on oil shocks and financial markets, with the goal of uncovering potential areas for future investigation. The paper begins with a brief overview of oil shocks against a historical background, and makes a summarized survey of the existing literature regarding oil shocks. Then this paper discusses the underlying sources of the oil shocks and then turns to make a review of the connections between oil shocks and the economy, the stock market, and the commodity market. The paper concludes with recommendations for subsequent research endeavors, and hopes to facilitate further research in the many strands of the oil shocks‐related literature.
Bridging the Principle‐Implementation Gap: Evaluating organizational change to achieve interoperability between the UK Emergency Services
Authors: Power Nicola , Philpot Richard , Levine Mark , Alcock Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImproving inter‐agency working across organizations is an important goal across public and private sectors. The UK Emergency Services have spent a decade implementing organizational change to improve interoperability between the Police, Fire and Ambulance Services. JESIP—the group tasked with realising this change—have faced criticism. We evaluated JESIP's efforts by interviewing expert commanders, finding participants supported the principle of change, but issues impeded its implementation. We developed the Principle‐Implementation Change Framework for Interoperability (PICI) to describe the gap between change principles and change implementation, identifying the macro‐systemic, meso‐organizational and micro‐psychological processes between them. Key obstacles to implementation included macro‐level funding issues, incompatible meso‐level organizational structures and strained micro‐level peer‐to‐peer relationships. Participants also reflected on the facilitators of change. At the meso‐organizational level, JESIP was perceived to have improved inter‐team communication and flexibility. At the micro‐psychological level participants described enhanced trust, shared identities and the emergence of a new type of interoperability leader. This study highlights the importance of gaining support for the principle of interoperability while addressing implementation challenges posed by the inherent social complexities involved in this change. Change efforts must be monitored over time, considering the macro, meso and micro‐level processes that influence the principle‐implementation gap.
Factoring fu Variability Into Estimates of Unbound Drug Concentrations Negatively Biases the MIC Versus % Probability of Target Attainment Relationship of Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Martinez Marilyn N. , Papich Mark G. , Toutain Pierre‐Louis 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe clinical breakpoint for a drug–pathogen combination reflects the drug susceptibility of the pathogen wild‐type population, the location of the infection, the integrity of the host immune response, and the drug–pathogen pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship. That PK/PD relationship, along with the population variability in drug exposure, is used to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) of the PK/PD index at a specified minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a selected target value. The PTA is used to identify the pharmacodynamic cutoff value (COPD), which is one of the three components used to establish the clinical breakpoint. A challenge encountered when defining the COPD is that the available PK information typically reflects total (free plus protein‐bound) plasma concentrations. However, it is the unbound drug concentrations that exert the therapeutic effects and how the population fraction unbound (fu) incorporated into the COPD assessments can markedly influence the COPD. Factors examined included the estimated population fu mean (risk of bias) and the incorporation of estimated fu population variability into the Monte Carlo simulations when converting total to unbound plasma concentrations (risk of inflating variability). In this in silico study, the drug fu, systemic clearance, and the variability of both were altered so that the relative impact of each could be explored. We demonstrate that incorporating fu variability into the estimation of fAUCback can bias the COPD assessment and that the magnitude of bias reflects the relative variability in systemic clearance and fu.
Dose–response analysis of music intervention for improving delirium in intensive care unit patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dai Rong‐Sian , Wang Tsuei‐Hung , Chien Shao‐Yun , Tzeng Ya‐Ling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is a common and severe condition among adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Music intervention, as a non‐pharmacological approach, has the potential to reduce delirium, but the optimal dosage and type of intervention remain unclear.AimTo explore the effects of music intervention at different doses and types on reducing delirium in ICU patients.Study DesignThis study was conducted as a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Databases including Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Airiti Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data were searched until 29 February 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 criteria. Data were analysed using RevMan 5.4.1 and Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 3.0.ResultsFourteen studies involving 1434 ICU patients were included. Four studies were of good quality (low risk of bias), seven were of moderate quality (unclear risk) and three were of low quality (high risk). Pooled analysis showed that music interventions significantly reduced the risk of delirium (12 studies, RR = .49, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.40, .61]). Slow‐tempo music had the strongest effect (11 studies, RR = .46, 95% CI [.37, .57]). The optimal intervention dosage involves conducting music interventions twice daily (12 studies, RR = .46, 95% CI [.34, .63]), with each session lasting 30 min (12 studies, RR = .41, 95% CI [.30, .55]). Additionally, a pooled analysis showed that a 7‐day music intervention (6 studies, RR = .43, 95% CI [.26, .71]) was the most effective in reducing the risk of delirium.ConclusionsMusic intervention reduces delirium in ICU patients, especially with two 30‐min sessions daily for 7 days. However, the certainty of evidence is low, highlighting the need for further high‐quality research.Relevance to Clinical PracticeMusic intervention is a simple, non‐invasive method that may help reduce delirium in ICU patients. However, given the low certainty of the current evidence, it should be used cautiously, and further research is needed to validate its effectiveness before routine implementation.
Unveiling the conceptual and intellectual map of care bundle research in ICUs: Trends, key issues, and collaborative networks
Authors: Özkan İlknur , Dünya Cansu Polat , Taylan Seçil 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCare bundles are evidence‐based practices intended to improve patient outcomes and have become a significant focus in intensive care.AimThis study aims to identify research trends, key topics, leading researchers, and significant collaborations in care bundle research within ıntensive care units by mapping the conceptual and intellectual structure of the field.Study DesignData were collected from the Web of Science database, covering publications from 2010 to 2024. The search terms included ‘bundle*’ or ‘bundle* care’ and ‘intensive care unit’ or ‘critical care’. The analysis used tools like the Biblometrix package in R and VOSviewer, focusing on performance metrics, co‐citation analysis, co‐occurrence network analysis, and thematic mapping.ResultsThe annual growth rate of publications on care bundles is 6.26%. The most prolific journals include Critical Care Medicine, the American Journal of Infection Control, and Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. Thematic mapping shows research is concentrated on critical areas such as infection control, patient safety, and quality improvement. While some themes, like ‘intensive care units’ and ‘central line‐associated bloodstream infection’, are well‐developed and central, others like ‘maternal safety consensus’ and ‘safety consensus bundle’ are highly developed but less central. Emerging themes like ‘acute kidney injury’ suggest potential areas for future research.ConclusionsThis bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive overview of intensive care unit care bundle research, highlighting a strong focus on critical issues like infection control, patient safety, and care quality improvement.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study provides crucial insights for clinical practice by identifying key research trends and underexplored topics related to intensive care unit care bundles. These findings can guide the development of more effective care protocols, promote multidisciplinary collaboration, and enhance healthcare professional education, ultimately contributing to optimized patient care and high standards in the intensive care unit through improved care bundle implementation.
Task Difficulty and Gender Differences in Competitiveness: Evidence From Botswana
Authors: Drouvelis Michalis , Pearce Graeme 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUsing a novel subject pool from Botswana, we experimentally examine the impact of task difficulty on willingness to compete, an economic indicator that may partially explain gender disparities in the labour market. Our experiment closely follows the paradigm of Niederle and Vesterlund (2007, QJE) and is concerned with treatments where a task is either relatively easy or more difficult. We report evidence of a larger gender gap in willingness to compete when the math task is easy in comparison to when the math task is more difficult. Our results have implications for future experiments examining gender differences.
Teacher Bias and Evaluation Differences in Test Scores: Different Methods for Different Questions
Authors: Delaney Judith M. , Devereux Paul J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe study differences in teacher evaluations of student performance relative to those measured by test scores. While much literature is concerned with estimating various types of teacher biases, we show conceptually that there is no single ‘teacher bias’ effect. Even if teachers have no group bias, teacher evaluation differences by group masystematically deviate from test score differences if the distribution of test scores differs across groups. Commonly used approaches are not equivalent and can lead to different conclusions as they target different estimands. We demonstrate our findings using Monte Carlo simulations and, using two recent UK cohort surveys, we show that these conceptual issues matter in practice when we evaluate whether teachers are likely to over‐estimate female performance in English. Finally, we use the methods to examine an issue of substantive importance, gender differences in teacher perceptions in comparative advantage in English relative to mathematics. Our findings suggest that it is unlikely that teacher misperceptions of comparative advantage by gender are an important cause of the gender gap in STEM.
A Characterization of Physical Activity in People Living With Advanced Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ludgate Julia , Edwards Thomas , Cardwell Katherine , Fakolade Afolasade , Pilutti Lara A. 
Published: January 2025

Little is known about physical activity (PA) participation in people with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to (a) characterize self-reported PA levels and (b) explore how PA levels might differ based on sociodemographic (e.g., gender) and clinical (e.g., MS clinical course) characteristics in people with advanced MS. We used a cross-sectional online survey design with 101 participants. PA was measured using the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities. The mean score on the scale was 4.5 (SD = 5.9) metabolic equivalent hours per day. There was a significant difference in scores based on employment, population density, living situation, disability, and assistive-device type (all p < .05). PA levels were higher in those who were employed, lived alone, required bilateral support for mobility, and were manual wheelchair users (all p < .05). This study highlights low PA levels in people with advanced MS and potential variables that might impact PA in this MS subgroup.