bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Political Thought of Xi Jinping
Authors: Tsang Steve , Cheung Olivia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Xi Jinping has been pushing to make his thought a major addition to China’s ideology, which guides China’s direction of travel. No other Chinese leader apart from Mao Zedong had their theoretical contributions elevated to this status. This book provides a contextualized reading of Xi Jinping Thought and examines how it has been implemented in practice. While China’s political system remains a Leninist party-state, how it operates has been substantially modified following the introduction of Xi Thought. What has happened is akin to replacing the operating system of a computer. This book conceptualizes the modified system as a Sino-centric consultative Leninist system. The Chinese Communist Party is being reinvigorated as a Leninist machine, by which the Party leads everything. A new de facto social contract is offered to the Chinese people, who are being indoctrinated by Xi Thought so they will think like “one patriotic people.” China’s economy is being restructured following Xi’s vision of a “socialist market economy,” while its interactions with the rest of the world, his reconstruction of the ancient tianxia, or all-under-heaven, world order, which commits to a “China First” principle. The end goal set in Xi Thought is the fulfillment of “the China Dream of national rejuvenation” by 2050 at the latest. Whether this will come to pass or not, the introduction of Xi Thought has already changed China, with significant implications for the rest of the world.
Introduction
Authors: Tsang Steve , Cheung Olivia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A strong body of literature exists that examines changes in politics and policies under Xi Jinping, but this is the only work that examines systematically and critically Xi Jinping Thought. Xi Thought must be taken seriously because Xi, seeing himself as the great helmsman, uses it to guide China’s ship of state to the promised land of “the China Dream of national rejuvenation.” It provides clear pointers to the direction of travel Xi sets for China. What Xi has done is not to make fundamental changes to the formal structure and institutions of the Chinese Communist Party or the Chinese Government. Instead, he has substantially altered how the system operates. To use the language of the digital age, he has kept the hardware but upgraded the software. The introduction also outlines the methodology used and how the book is structured.
Developing a Socialist Market Economy
Authors: Tsang Steve , Cheung Olivia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Xi Thought on the economy has three goals. The top goal is to secure economic strength. National industrial policies and government guidance funds are the main tools to make China the world-leading innovation powerhouse in science and technology. The second goal is to increase substantially economic order and security. The main measures are deleveraging, regulatory enforcement over domestic private tech conglomerates, and the dual circulation strategy to insulate the domestic economy from external risks. The third goal is to achieve “common prosperity,” which promises limited redistribution but rules out the creation of a welfare state. The setting and the prioritizing of these goals show that the “socialist market economy” paradigm under Xi Thought melds together party-centric nationalism and socialism, with the former given greater importance. Xi’s obsessive focus on staying in power means he will not knowingly allow the economy to collapse.
Changing Our Concepts
Authors: Congdon Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 explores the phenomenon of “discursive breakdown,” the experience of one’s words and concepts failing to express an elusive sense of importance. It situates discursive breakdown as the starting point for processes of moral articulation and outlines a notion of “proto-discursive meaning” to describe its content. It outlines a widely held assumption at work in semantic theories generally (exemplified by Robert Brandom) and ethics in particular (noticeable in current debates in metaethics, moral psychology, and normative ethics), namely, that meaningful experience is exhaustively discursive. This assumption must be rejected, this chapter argues, to explain certain kinds of moral conceptual change. It draws from Iris Murdoch’s example of “M and D” as well as the film Bicycle Thieves to explore historical transformations in our conceptual schemes. It then draws upon Charles Taylor to provide an initial sketch of the central concept of this book, moral articulation.
Conclusion
Authors: Congdon Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This brief conclusion reiterates the two main philosophical assumptions this book has attempted to call into question, namely, that (i) morally meaningful experience is exhaustively discursive in form and (ii) if objective moral grounds exist, those grounds must be immutable. It reiterates that the first half of the book (Chapters 1–3) was focused on challenging the first assumption by developing a notion of proto-discursive moral experience, while the second half of the book (Chapters 4–6) was focused on challenging the second assumption by defending a variation of Aristotelian ethics that is sensitive to historical changes in our nature. It concludes with a broader lesson that the exploration of moral articulation seeks to impart, namely, that when doing moral philosophy we should not treat descriptions of moral situations and dilemmas as sheer givens, but see them as complex products of a process of articulation that is an ethical task in its own right.
Beat(s) for Blame
Authors: Fatsis Lambros 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
UK Drill music is regularly admitted as evidence of criminal offending, violence, and aggression in Britain’s courtrooms. Seizing on this popular rap subgenre’s deliberately lurid lyrical and visual content, the police, prosecutors, and judges interpret drill music lyrics and videos as literal, autobiographical testimony to bring charges against defendants. In so doing, an entire music genre is put on trial—likening it to a source of danger and a symbol of trouble, while also revealing prosecutorial tactics that are poor in evidential weight, rich in prejudicial value, and discriminatory in their outcomes. This chapter counters such punitive reasoning, arguing that perceiving and pursuing drill rap(pers) as ‘criminal(s)’ tells us more about the state-sanctioned, racialised criminalisation of Black British music than it does about the threat that a Black music subgenre ostensibly poses.
Technology and the Music Curriculum
Authors: Dale Pete 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the chapter is to draw the reader’s attention to the perceived-as-perilous state of music education in the United Kingdom, to share findings from the 2019–2021 Musical Futures/Ableton project known as ‘Tech Champions’, and to propose that, if music education is not only to survive in the United Kingdom’s state sector but also to thrive, it will be necessary to engage with the contemporary popular forms that do not involve music-making of a traditional type. In the first part, the chapter demonstrates that music became more popular, as an ‘option’, when GCSE replaced the ‘O-level’ qualifications in 1988. With the introduction of the GCSE in Music, the curriculum coverage was expanded to ‘rock and pop’ repertoire and instrumentation, and uptake of Music as learning option has been shown to have improved thereafter. However, non-traditional music-making (DJ decks, rapping, launchpads, and so forth) and non-traditional musics (hip hop, grime, house, EDM, and so forth) continue to receive limited coverage in UK classrooms. The chapter therefore focuses on the Musical Futures/Ableton-instigated ‘Tech Champions’ project of 2019–2021, which represented a clear effort to redress this set of problems. The most important thing a music teacher can do, the chapter concludes, is to place the interests of the learner at the heart of the educational process and to diversify the music education offer: if and when this is done, the field of music education can only benefit.
The Sound Pad Project
Authors: Geering Nathan , Hayhoe Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the experiences of Breakers, choreographers, and those with visual impairments who worked collaboratively to develop a participatory dance-education, educational-technology, and choreography project called Sound Pad. The project was constructed and evaluated using a combination of participatory and grounded methodologies, a practice framework of the Rationale Method and the development of inclusive capital. This chapter explores the development of this co-created sensorially and intellectually inclusive education and performance through the experiences of dancers-as-teachers, and how this experience informs these dancers’ practice. The impact of this project has implications for program design and practice strategies, research and evaluation, education across all levels, and public policy.
Using Social Media to Cultivate Connected Learning and Social and Emotional Support Through a Hip Hop–Based Education Programme
Authors: Evans Jabari M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using the Connected Learning framework as a conceptual lens, this chapter explores the mental health outcomes of a Hip Hop–based education program developed to provide music-related career pathways for Chicago youth. Using the narratives of the participants within the program, I draw on participant observation online and in-depth interviews collected to explore the link between the tenets of Connected Learning and digital participation in this artistic community of practice. I explore participants’ work within social-media platforms toward building their self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of belonging, and identity development. This study’s findings affirm prior studies that suggest late adolescence is an important time frame where children are developing social identities online in affinity spaces, but in ways that are significantly tied to mental well-being.
Source
Authors: Washington Anne L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe first stage of the prediction supply chain is to gather digital material. Ethical data scientists are less concerned with availability and instead are intentional about selecting appropriate data. Sourcing a prediction supply chain sets the foundations for valid and logical results. Often dismissed as data cleaning, preparing data for analysis is vital intellectual work that supports the legitimacy of the resulting decision with downstream implications. Appropriately aggregating sources to make a prediction begins by recognizing that not all material is recorded and not all material is kept. Data science is beholden to earlier decisions about what to record and save. A data set represents a dynamic between an organization with the power to collect data and what is represented in the information. Sources ideally find harmony between the content, the people represented, and the predictive goals.
Compare
Authors: Washington Anne L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe third stage of the prediction supply chain is to find patterns. Comparisons dominate data science, often without a mechanism to draw attention to the assumptions behind what determines similarity. Pattern matching is rarely discussed as an extension of social orders despite the history of political oppression based on rigid population divisions. Ethical data science is aware that comparisons can imply hierarchical patterns that may generate stigma. Furthermore, not everyone fits neatly into a category. Computers can count above two but often insist on historic binary choices that do little more than enforce societal norms and limit autonomy. This chapter examines the material force of categories, alternatives beyond the binary, and the promise of standardized consistency. Understanding the values that drive pattern matching can lead to more accurate intellectual order in data science.
Predict
Authors: Washington Anne L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractData science holds not only significant scientific power but it holds social power given the asymmetries between the few producing and the many consuming predictions. Although the prediction supply chain comes to an end, data science has implications for those living with it. Implementation requires determining how predictions engage with social worlds and physical environments. Streamlining for efficiency and ideal cases can place additional burdens on people experiencing predictive systems. More precise feedback is needed that acknowledges the attention that predictive data science demands from the humans around it. Unlike an economic penalty that focuses on the exchange of goods and services with a price mechanism, automated systems fail by exacting a time and effort cost, which I call procedural attention. Because errors happen at scale, this chapter offers systematic mechanisms to handle errors at scale.
Who Cares? Why Compassion Matters in the Era of Polarization
Authors: McDonald Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 demonstrates that perceptions of compassion influence voter choice. Using interviews with communications professionals working for congressional and presidential candidates, the chapter shows that the campaigns themselves often emphasize compassion to voters. In these interviews, Democrats are quicker to discuss the need to appear compassionate (and, conversely, to paint their opposition as lacking in compassion). This finding is further supported by a text analysis of over 3,300 presidential campaign speeches from 2000 to 2020, showing that Democratic presidential candidates more often use language related to caring and compassion. Finally, an analysis of the American National Election Studies (ANES) and a 2016 probability sample of Democratic primary voters shows that a small shift in perceptions of candidate compassion can influence voting decisions by roughly 10 percentage points among partisans and 40 percentage points among independent voters and partisan primary voters. These findings underline the importance of compassion in determining electoral outcomes.
Touring the West 1
Authors: Abel Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
US film companies initially located in the East sent cameramen into the West, following the tracks of white settlers, from the Great Plains to the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast. Their short travel films produced views of major world’s fairs and spectacular vistas of national parks for audiences of “ordinary” Americans, including spectators in Hale’s Tours, unable to visit in person. By also promoting the migration of new settlers into the West, they explored landscapes in which Indigenous peoples, unlike early westerns, already were absent. They also evidenced little sense that settler migration and the disappearance of the original inhabitants posed any danger to the natural environment.
Single-Reel Westerns, 1910–1913
Authors: Abel Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines, through the lens of settler colonialism, the many one-reel westerns—from Indian pictures to cowboy and cowgirl films—that movie theater managers found unusually popular from 1910 to 1913. The tropes introduced previously, along with another that introduces the concept of the “good badman,” notably in the figure of Broncho Billy, serve to organize the extensive analysis of a representative selection of these countless westerns. Many mount stories of the violent conflicts that pitted invading white settlers against resisting Indigenous peoples on the North American continent. According to the myth of “American Progress” or Manifest Destiny, they embody a guilty nostalgia for the figure of the Indian as a “Vanishing American.” A surprising number, however, stage counternarratives that, despite cultural taboos of the time, envision the possibility of whites and Native Americans bonding not only in less than equal friendship but also even in marriage.
Introduction
Authors: Crane Daniel A. , Novak William J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Introduction provides a brief overview of American monopoly and antimonopoly, tracing their history from early modern Britain to colonial America and the early United States to contextualize the major themes and events covered in the ensuing chapters. Crane and Novak make a case for the in-depth study of the American antimonopoly tradition, arguing that the various forms of antimonopoly activism that have appeared throughout American history are deeply embedded in the nature of democracy in the United States. Antimonopoly, as distinguished from the narrower and perhaps better known history of antitrust, contains a diverse set of tools, policies, and ideals. The volume’s editors argue here that, as inequality and economic concentration are again on the rise, the history of antimonopoly is essential to understanding and addressing the challenges facing our present political economy and democracy.
Anti-Monopoly in the Media Industries
Authors: Lebovic Sam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sam Lebovic’s chapter “Anti-Monopoly in the Media Industries: A History” narrates the history of anti-monopolism in the media industries of newspaper, radio, and television since the late nineteenth century. Lebovic argues that, while concerns about media consolidation arose repeatedly across the century, efforts to address it were always partial and inadequate. The media industry’s convoluted economy made regulation difficult, and the industry fiercely resisted regulation, alleging statist censorship of the public sphere. As a result, while the middle decades of the twentieth century did see some experimentation with anti-monopolistic regulation in the media industries, these were never very effective or widespread. Media consolidation continued, largely unchecked, across the twentieth century and into the twenty-first.
Historical and Conceptual Background, Analytical Framework, Scope of Coverage, and Sequence
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dilemma between economic liberalization and openness and the maintenance of regulatory autonomy is not a uniquely African dilemma but has more serious implications for Africa because of the experiences of history and its existing position within the global economic hierarchy. This chapter traces the historical origin and development of international investment law focusing on Africa’s contributions ranging from the treaty making process to ratification and participation in a significant proportion of the cases during the initial decades. It outlines the theoretical underpinnings of the law, formulates the analytical framework, and introduces the chapters that follow in the order they appear. Looking deeper into contemporary reform efforts, it outlines the areas of concern identified by UNCITRAL Working Group III such as inconsistency and incoherence of the jurisprudence and frames the issues for discussion in the chapters that follow.
Post-2010 Contemporary Jurisdictional Matters
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The meaning of investment as a jurisdictional concept continued to develop and be refined in the post-2010 cases. With the number of African ICSID cases increasing in this period, the diversity of opinions on what constitutes investment also increased. Indeed, some of the concepts that seemed to have fairly settled such as the Salini factors began to acquire more nuanced exposition not only in the African cases, but the African cases cross-referred to the other cases and the concept of investment became an entrenched aspect of investment arbitration. The post-2010 African cases profile some of these cases offering an important sample for further analysis of the concept of investment as it relates to jurisdiction.
Determination of Facts in the Modern Post-2010 Cases
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the contemporary cases, the facts did not lose their importance and centrality. If anything they seems to have grown in complexity along with the increased sophistication of the proceedings. With heightened awareness of the nature and necessarily of due process, the contemporary tribunals seem to have taken their duty of the accurate determination of facts more seriously. The presentation of evidence by both sides in many of these cases seem to have also grown more methodical. The cases profiled in this chapter show these continued trends. Like the previous chapter, this chapter also shows the key role that facts play in the disposition of many of the cases.
Expropriation
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Expropriation in international investment law is generally the most frequently invoked, intensely debated, and best understood principle. Some of the most frequently cited expropriation rules involve Africa treaties and cases. This chapter conducts a deeper inquiry into the evolution of the African states’ position on expropriation in light not only of investment treaty cases but also in reference to the Libyan Oil cases, as they are considered the foundation cases of the modern law of expropriation in international arbitration. Tracing the evolution, this chapter seeks to underscore the communality of positions of the African states on this issue and how the jurisprudence influenced contemporary legal doctrine and textual articulation in modern treaties.
Summary of Conclusions
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of all the 28 chapters. It posits that Africa’s contribution to the creation and development of international investment law is significant. Africa had a negative experience in the initial phase of the implementation of the regime that it helped create by failing to meaningfully participate in ISDS proceedings. It substantially overcame such boycott and began to play its part since the early 2000s and shaped the jurisprudence in profound ways. It also embarked on remarkable innovative reform efforts of its own although the proposed reforms might have gone too far in the regulatory space protection, which may have the unintended effect of discouraging foreign investment. This chapter calls for a careful rebalancing of investment protection and preservation of regulatory space.
In the Museum
Authors: Cheng Anne Anlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers an original rereading of Pablo Picasso’s notorious encounter with African masks in the Trocadero Museum. Instead of seeing this well-known, founding moment of “birth of cubism” as a parable for how the great white modernist master captured and appropriated the “primitive” object for his own artistic innovation, this chapter shows how the so-called object captured and unraveled Picasso’s own sense of selfhood, turning the “primitive encounter” on its head. This new interpretation of what happened to Picasso at the moment he invented Cubism serves as a paradigmatic shift for we think about the “subjects” and “objects” of modernist primitivism.
The Woman with the Golden Skin
Authors: Cheng Anne Anlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter concentrates on the art of Josephine Baker’s studio photography and suggests that this archive offers an intriguing reconsideration of the unexpected affinity between (human) portraiture and (object) still life. Studying various components of these arresting photographs of Baker—the texture of film, skin, and fabric, the play of light and shadow, the entanglement between the organic and the inorganic—this chapter suggests that Baker redefines Hollywood lighting as well as demonstrates an alternative logic of racial embodiment, one that is more attuned to “shine” than to real flesh.