bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferation and growth factor expression in abnormally enlarged placentas of mouse interspecific hybrids
Authors: Zechner Ulrich , Hemberger Myriam , Constância Miguel , Orth Annie , Dragatsis Ioannis , Lüttges Angela , Hameister Horst , Fundele Reinald 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt has been shown previously that abnormal placental growth occurs in crosses and backcrosses between different mouse (Mus) species. In such crosses, late gestation placentas may weigh between 13 and 848 mg compared with a mean placental weight of approximately 100 mg in late gestation M. musculus intraspecific crosses. A locus on the X‐chromosome was shown to segregate with placental dysplasia. Thus in the (M. musculus × M. spretus)F1 × M. musculus backcross, placental hyperplasia cosegregates with a M. spretus derived X‐chromosome. Here we have investigated whether increased cell proliferation and aberrant expression of two genes that are involved in placental growth control, Igf2 and Esx1, may cause, or contribute to placental hyperplasia. Increased bromodeoxyuridine labeling of nuclei, reflecting enhanced proliferation, was indeed observed in hyperplastic placentas when compared with normal littermate placentas. Also, increased expression of Igf2 was seen in giant cells and spongiotrophoblast. However, when M. musculus × M. spretus F1 females were backcrossed with males that were heterozygous for a targeted mutation of the Igf2 gene, placentas that carried a M. spretus derived X‐chromosome and were negative for a functional Igf2 allele exhibited an intermediate placental phenotype. Furthermore, in early developmental stages of placental hyperplasia, we observed a decreased expression of the X‐chromosomal Esx1 gene. This finding suggests that abnormal expression of both Igf2 and Esx1 contributes to abnormal placental development in mouse interspecific hybrids. However, Esx1 is not regulated by IGF2. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of posteriorly restricted genes in the zebrafish gastrula
Authors: Sagerström Charles G. , Kao Bertha A. , Lane Mary Ellen , Sive Hazel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to understand anteroposterior axis formation in vertebrates, we have used subtractive hybridization to clone genes expressed posteriorly in the zebrafish gastrula‐stage embryo. Here we report the initial characterization of eight clones isolated from this screen. We find that all eight genes are expressed in posteriorly restricted domains, suggesting that they are involved in regulating posterior development during zebrafish embryogenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel gene, tendin, is strongly expressed in tendons and ligaments and shows high homology with chondromodulin‐I
Authors: Brandau Oliver , Meindl Alfons , Fässler Reinhard , Aszódi Attila 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbstractChondromodulin‐I (CHM1) was identified recently as an angiogenesis inhibitor in cartilage. It is highly expressed in the avascular zones of cartilage but is absent in the late hypertrophic region, which is invaded by blood vessels during enchondral ossification. Blast searches with the C‐terminal part of CHM1 in available databases led to the identification of human and mouse cDNAs encoding a new protein, Tendin, that shares high homology with CHM1. Based on computer predictions, Tendin is a type II transmembrane protein containing a putative proteinase cleavage and two glycosylation sites. Northern assays with mouse RNAs demonstrated strong expression of a 1.5‐kb tendin transcript in the diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and the eye and low levels of expression in all other tissues investigated. In 17.5‐day‐old mouse embryos, in situ hybridization revealed high levels of tendin transcript in tendons and ligaments. Additional signals were detected in brain and spinal cord, liver, lung, bowels, thymus, and eye. Cartilage, where CHM1 is found, revealed low levels of tendin m‐RNA. In adult mice, tendin is expressed in neurons of all brain regions and the spinal cord. The tendin gene is localized in the human Xq22 region, to which several human diseases have been mapped. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Caenorhabditis elegans Distal‐less ortholog ceh‐43 is required for development of the anterior hypodermis
Authors: Aspöck Gudrun , Bürglin Thomas R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHomeobox genes of the Distal‐less (Dll) class are expressed in developing appendages as well as in the central nervous system in invertebrates and vertebrates. Mutant analyses in mice and Drosophila have implicated these genes in outgrowth of structures, cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell fate decisions. We have investigated the expression and function of ceh‐43, the Dll ortholog from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, by using gfp reporter constructs and double‐stranded RNA‐mediated interference (RNAi). Our results show that, as in the fly, the C. elegans Dll ortholog seems to play a role in cell adhesion. An antibody against the butterfly Distal‐less homeodomain stains the nervous system of C. elegans embryos (Panganiban et al. [1997] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:5162–5166). GFP expression under the control of the ceh‐43 promoter looks similar, although strong expression is primarily confined to the head hypodermis and to neuronal support cells. ceh‐43(RNAi) results in 100% lethality at embryonic or early larval stages. At the beginning of morphogenesis, ceh‐43(RNAi) embryos start to lose cells through a hole in the head hypodermis. They either rupture anteriorly as elongation proceeds, or they elongate normally to threefold egg length with the pharynx not connected to the mouth. Elongated ceh‐43(RNAi) animals die before or soon after hatching with a fluid‐filled pseudocoel and large vacuoles. These phenotypes suggest a role for ceh‐43 in development of adhesive properties in the head hypodermis that connects the epithelia of the skin and the digestive tract. Furthermore, possible defects in the excretory system may result at least in part from a requirement for ceh‐43 in the CAN neurons where ceh‐43:gfp is also expressed. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body image treatment within an inpatient program for anorexia nervosa: The role of mirror exposure in the desensitization process
Authors: Key Adrienne , George C. Louise , Beattie Desley , Stammers Kate , Lacey Hubert , Waller Glenn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study examined the role of mirror confrontation in the desensitization process of a body image treatment within an inpatient program for anorexia nervosa.MethodA within‐subjects design was used. It compared the impact of two modes of group body image treatment on body dissatisfaction, anxiety, and avoidance behaviors. Both treatments followed a set format of exposure exercises and homework, but the modified treatment also included mirror confrontation as an exposure exercise.ResultsStandard treatment did not produce any significant changes. Modified treatment produced a significant and sustained improvement in body dissatisfaction and a significant reduction in body anxiety and avoidance behaviors.DiscussionMirror confrontation is a more effective form of exposure because of the strong emotional response it elicits. Patients’ pronounced emotional response to this exercise allowed easier identification of the affective and behavioral components of body dissatisfaction and more cogent links into a developmental body image timeline. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 185–190, 2002; DOI. 10.1002/eat.10027
Impulsive behaviors in bulimic patients: relation to general psychopathology
Authors: Peñas‐Lledó Eva , Vaz Francisco J. , Ramos M. Isabel , Waller Glenn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveAt a general level, impulsivity is related to both bulimic and general psychopathology. However, it is a complex construct, and the specific role of different forms of impulsivity in psychopathology remains to be determined. The present study of bulimic outpatients examined the association of internally and externally directed impulsive behaviors with general and bulimic psychopathology.MethodsThirty female bulimic outpatients completed standardized measures of bulimic attitudes/behaviors, general psychopathology and impulsive behaviors.ResultsWhile general psychopathology was associated with internally directed impulsive behaviors (e.g., self‐harm), bulimic pathology was more specifically linked with externally directed impulsivity (e.g., theft; reckless driving)DiscussionThe results indicate that the bulimia‐impulsivity link in eating disordered patients is not simply a by‐product of the broader association of impulsivity with psychopathology. Therefore, bulimic pathology does not seem to be just a manifestation of general psychological disturbance. Further research is suggested to test these results, and potential clinical implications are outlined. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 98–102, 2002.
Perception of hunger to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nakai Yoshikatsu , Koh Toshikiyo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveWe studied the effect of insulin‐induced hypoglycemia on changes of hunger ratings in anorectic patients before and after cognitive‐behavioral therapy.MethodThe subjects were 17 females with restricting anorexia nervosa at low body weight (AN‐R), 6 anorectic patients whose weight was restored after cognitive‐behavioral therapy (AN‐T), and 11 age‐matched female controls. All subjects gave hunger ratings by linear visual analog technique before and after insulin or saline injection.ResultsHunger ratings increased significantly 45 min after insulin injection in control females. However, ratings paradoxically decreased after insulin injection in AN‐R females. They increased slightly after insulin injection in AN‐T females, but the difference was not statistically significant. One‐factor analysis of variance for the peak values of hunger ratings was significant. These values in control females were significantly higher than those in AN‐R and AN‐T females.DiscussionThese results suggest that perception of hunger to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia in AN patients is disturbed. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 354–357, 2001.
Eating disturbance and sexual trauma in childhood and adulthood
Authors: Wonderlich Stephen A. , Crosby Ross D. , Mitchell James E. , Thompson Kevin M. , Redlin Jennifer , Demuth Gail , Smyth Joshua , Haseltine Beth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between sexual trauma and eating disorder behavior, taking into account the effects of developmental stage of the victim and the effects of multiple sexual assaults.MethodFour groups of adult women took part in this study. Subjects were either victims of childhood sexual abuse, victims of rape in adulthood, victims of both childhood sexual abuse and rape, and controls who were not traumatized sexually. All subjects were assessed with semistructured interviews and self‐report inventories that assessed eating disorder behavior, general psychopathology, and impulsivity.ResultsVictims of childhood sexual abuse differed from controls on measures of eating disorder behavior and individuals who had experienced both childhood sexual abuse and rape in adulthood were most likely to display eating disorder‐related psychopathology. Victims of childhood sexual abuse also distinguished themselves with high levels of eating disorder behavior plus multiple forms of impulsive self‐destructive behavior.DiscussionThis study provides additional support for the association between childhood sexual abuse and eating disorder behavior. Childhood sexual abuse may be particularly linked to the presence of binge eating behavior and several other forms of impulsive self‐destructive behavior. © 2001 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 401–412, 2001.
The durability of anchoring effects
Authors: Mussweiler Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent research suggests that judgmental anchoring is mediated by a selective increase in the accessibility of knowledge about the judgmental target. Anchoring thus constitutes one instance of the judgmental effects of increased knowledge accessibility. Such knowledge accessibility effects have repeatedly been demonstrated to be fairly durable, which suggests that the effects of judgmental anchoring may also persist over time. Consistent with this assumption, three experiments demonstrate that judgmental anchors influence judgment even if they were present one week before the critical judgment is made. In fact, the magnitude of anchoring was found to remain undiminished over this period of time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparable DNA and chromosome damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells by chlorohydroxyfuranones
Authors: Mäki‐Paakkanen Jorma , Laaksonen Mariitta , Munter Tony , Kronberg Leif , Komulainen Hannu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChlorinated drinking water contains several chlorohydroxyfuranone (CHF) by‐products whose contribution to cancer risk is not presently known. 3,4‐Dichloro‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (MCA), 3‐chloro‐4‐(chloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (CMCF), and 3‐ chloro‐4‐methyl‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (MCF) were studied for the induction of DNA damage, using the alkaline single‐cell gel (SCG)/comet assay, and for chromosome damage, using sister‐chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberration (CA) tests, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 3‐Chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (MX), the known genotoxic chlorination by‐product and a rat carcinogen, was used as a reference chemical. The SCG analyses were done using concentrations that caused little or no cytotoxicity compared to that of the concurrent control cultures. In the cytogenetic tests, the CHFs were tested up to maximum cytotoxicity. MX and MCA were the most cytotoxic of the compounds in CHO cells followed by CMCF and MCF. All of the CHFs induced DNA damage, SCEs and CAs (mainly chromatid‐type breaks and exchanges) in a concentration‐related manner, with the exception that MCA was a weak inducer of SCEs. There were no significant differences between the lowest concentration of MX, MCA, and CMCF to cause DNA damage (SCG assay). Based on comparisons of the slopes of regression lines, MX was somewhat more potent than either MCA or CMCF, and MCF was clearly less potent than the other three compounds in the assay. The order of potency was MX > CMCF > MCA > MCF in inducing SCEs and MX > MCA > CMCF > MCF in inducing CAs. The data show that there are differences in the potency of genotoxicity among the CHFs tested. In many cases, however, the extent of maximum effect observed was comparable between the compounds. The results suggest that besides MX other CHFs should be considered in the evaluation of genotoxic risks associated with the consumption of chlorinated drinking water. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:297–305, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting the mutagenicity of tobacco‐related N‐nitrosamines in humans using 11 strains of Salmonella typhimurium YG7108, each coexpressing a form of human cytochrome P450 along with NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Kamataki Tetsuya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTobacco, including snuff and chewing tobacco, contains N‐nitrosamines such as 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)−1‐butanone (NNK), N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N‐nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N‐nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N‐nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N‐nitrosoanabasine (NABS), and N‐nitrosoanatabine (NATB). The role of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the metabolic activation of these tobacco‐related N‐nitrosamines was examined by a Salmonella mutation test using genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) YG7108 cells each expressing a form of human CYP (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, or CYP3A5) together with human NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase. Mutagen production from NNK was catalyzed by CYP in the following order: CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP3A4. The metabolic activation of one of the N‐alkylnitrosamines, NDEA, was mediated by CYP2A6, followed by CYP2E1. Cyclic N‐nitrosamines such as NPYR, NPIP, and NMOR were also primarily activated by CYP2A6, and to a lesser extent by CYP2E1. NNN, a pyridine derivative of NPYR, was activated by CYP1A1 at an efficiency similar to that of CYP2A6. NABS, a pyridine derivative of NPIP, was mainly activated by CYP3A4, followed by CYP1A1 and CYP2A6. Thus, the addition of a pyridine ring to NPYR or NPIP altered the forms of CYP primarily responsible for mutagenic activation. NATB was metabolically activated solely by CYP2A6, whereas the genotoxicity of NATB was much lower than that of NNN or NPYR. Based on these data, we conclude that CYP2A6 was responsible for the mutagenic activation of essentially all tobacco‐related N‐nitrosamines tested in the present study. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:339–346, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisiting the rodent repairadox
Authors: Hanawalt Philip C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCultured rodent and human cells typically display similar clonal survival characteristics following exposure to ultraviolet light (UV). However, compared to human cells, cultured cells from mice, rats, and hamsters are generally deficient in excision repair of the most prominent DNA lesion produced by UV, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer. In light of recent studies on the control of nucleotide excision repair, we are beginning to understand the basis for this so‐called “repairadox.” The resolution of this issue is important because rodents are so widely employed as surrogates for humans in genetic toxicology. This article will review the evolution in our understanding of rodent DNA repair and will also “revisit” my early association with my graduate mentor and esteemed colleague, Dick Setlow, in his honor upon the attainment of his 80th birthday. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:89–96, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Auditing external environmental auditors—investigating how ISO 14001 is interpreted and applied in reality
Authors: Ammenberg Jonas , Wik Gunnar , Hjelm Olof 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ISO 14001 standard leaves a lot to be interpreted by its users. As the standard is growing in popularity the external environmental auditors are becoming key players in the environmental arena. Through interpretations, they form the linkage between the standard document and its application in reality.This study is based on interviews conducted with auditors representing all nine certification bodies in Sweden and at the board that accredits these firms. The paper presents how auditors interpret and apply central requirements of ISO 14001, with the aim to illuminate important issues from an environmental point of view.It can be concluded that many important requirements are interpreted differently. There are disagreements regarding what criteria are approved when determining which environmental aspects are significant. Further on, the standard's requirement for continual improvement is normally transformed to improvements regarding a few ratios. The paper, amongst other issues, also deals with auditors' competence, their objectivity and their opinions about the efforts of certified organizations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Relationships between biological parameters of Japanese growth of height
Authors: Sumiya Takahiro , Tashima Tomohiro , Nakahara Hayao , Shohoji Takao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose an asymptotic mathematical growth model for 386 Japanese longitudinal measurements of height from birth to adulthood. This model is compared with JPA2 proposed by Jolicoeur, Pontier and Abidi (1992). We discuss some relationships between various biological parameters (including mid‐childhood growth spurt).There is no linear relationship between age at one biological phenomenon P1 and height at another biological phenomenon P2. When we statistically control a contrapair of the biological parameters (i. e., height at P1 and age at P2), there exists a strong relationship between those biological parameters for Japanese boys and girls. For example, the correlation coefficient between adult height and age at peak height velocity is almost zero for boys and girls. However, their partial correlation coefficients are, respectively, 0.524 and 0.579 for boys and girls when height at peak height velocity is controlled. The younger the age at peak height velocity, the taller the adult height when height at peak height velocity is fixed. This is shown by the scatter diagrams with 80% confidence ellipsoids by height groups at peak height velocity. A similar relationship holds for adult height and menarcheal age. The mean–constant growth curves classified by height group at MHV and by height group at the age of six are presented. The taller the height at the age of six, the taller are the height at each age and adult height on average.The relative amount of expected information being an extension to Fisher's instinct information relates to the influence of each parameter in the growth model (Ledford and Cole, 1998). This information may be very useful as a guideline for collecting longitudinal records for non‐linear phenomena. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ground motion amplification at flange level of bushings mounted on electric substation transformers
Authors: Villaverde Roberto , Pardoen Gerard C. , Carnalla Sergio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA study was conducted to quantify the ground motion amplification that takes place at the base of bushings mounted on electric substation transformers as a result of the flexibility of the transformer tank and turrets to which they are connected. This study was undertaken to assess the adequacy of the amplification factor of 2.0 specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in Standard IEEE 693‐1997 for the seismic qualification of transformer bushings. The study included field tests of typical 500‐kV transformers to obtain experimentally their natural frequencies and damping ratios, the development of simple analytical models that closely matched the experimental data, and the calculation of the transformers' dynamic response under different earthquake excitations using these analytical models. Amplification factors were then computed for each of the excitations considered, defining these amplification factors as the peak shear force at the base of the bushings over the corresponding shear force obtained when the bushings are assumed mounted directly on the ground. It is found that the amplification factors for the 500‐kV bushings are within the amplification factor of 2.0 specified by Standard IEEE 693, but not those for the 230‐kV bushings, which exceed the IEEE 693 amplification factor by almost a factor of two. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.