bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour and physical activity association with bone mineral density among adolescent boys: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Kopiczko Anna , Czapla Michał , Juárez-Vela Raúl , Ross Catherine , Uchmanowicz Bartosz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
During childhood and adolescence, skeletal microarchitecture and bone mineral density (BMD) undergo significant changes. Peak bone mass is built and its level significantly affects the condition of bones in later years of life. Understanding the modifiable factors that improve bone parameters at an early age is necessary to early prevent osteoporosis. To identify these modifiable factors we analysed the relationship between dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour, and level of physical activity with BMD in 115 young boys (14–17 years).

Methods
Bone parameters were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry using paediatric specific software to compile the data. Dairy product consumption and eating habits were assessed by means of a dietary interview. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity was assessed in a face-to-face interview conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data collection on total physical activity level was performed by collecting information on the number of days and the duration of vigorous and moderate intensity (MVPA) and average daily time spent in sitting (SIT time).

Results
The strongest relationships with BMD in distal part of forearm were found for moderate plus vigorous activity, sit time, and intake of dairy products, intake of calcium, protein, vitamin D, phosphorus from diet. Relationships between BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) in the distal and proximal part of the forearm and PA, sit time and eating parameters were evaluated using the multiple forward stepwise regression. The presented model explained 48–67% (adjusted R2 = 0.48–0.67; p < 0.001) of the variance in bone parameters. The predictor of interactions of three variables: protein intake (g/person/day), vitamin D intake (µg/day) and phosphorus intake (mg/day) was significant for BMD dis (adjusted R2 = 0.59; p < 0.001). The predictor of interactions of two variables: SIT time (h/day) and dairy products (n/day) was significant for BMD prox (adjusted R2 = 0.48; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the predictor of interactions dairy products (n/day), protein intake (g/person/day) and phosphorus intake (mg/day) was significant for BMC prox and dis (adjusted R2 = 0.63–0.67; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
High physical activity and optimal eating habits especially adequate intake of important dietary components for bone health such as calcium, protein, vitamin D and phosphorus affect the mineralization of forearm bones.
A randomized controlled trial of the dissemination of an mHealth intervention for improving health outcomes: the WiseApp for Spanish-speakers living with HIV study protocol
Authors: Olaya Felix , Brin Maeve , Caraballo Pamela Baez , Halpern Mina , Jia Haomiao , Ramírez Sergio Ozoria , Padilla Janeth Juarez , Stonbraker Samantha , Schnall Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
While there is no cure for HIV, adherence to antiretroviral therapy can extend the lifespan and improve the quality of life of people with HIV. Despite the global reduction of HIV infection rates in recent years, New York City and La Romana, Dominican Republic, continue to report high infection rates among Latino populations. Many people with HIV remain virally unsuppressed in these geographic hotspots, suggesting a need for additional interventions to overcome medication adherence barriers. Tailored and culturally appropriate mobile health (mHealth) technology can be an engaging way to improve adherence. The primary objective of this trial is to test the effectiveness of an mHealth tool to improve HIV medication adherence among Spanish-speaking people living in New York City and the Dominican Republic.

Methods
The WiseApp study is a two-arm randomized controlled trial among 248 people with HIV across the New York and Dominican Republic sites over the course of 12 months. Participants are randomly assigned to either receive a CleverCap pill bottle that is linked to the WiseApp (intervention) or standard of care (control). All participants complete surveys at baseline, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits and the study team obtains HIV-1 viral load and CD4 count results through blood draw at each study timepoint.

Discussion
The use of mHealth technologies to improve medication adherence among people with HIV has been implemented in recent years. Although some studies have found improvement in adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the short term, there is limited information about how these interventions improve adherence among Spanish-speaking populations. Disproportionate rates of HIV infection among Latinos in New York City suggest an existing inequitable approach in reaching and treating this population. Due to a lack of mHealth studies with Latino populations, and apps tailored to Spanish-speakers, the WiseApp study will not only demonstrate the effectiveness of this particular mHealth app but will also contribute to the mHealth research community as a whole.

Trial registration
This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05398185) on 5/31/2022.
Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach
Authors: Soda Martin Abysina , Hamuli Eugénie Kabali , Batina Salomon Agasa , Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
As a global public health problem, anemia affects more than 400 million women of reproductive age worldwide, mostly in Africa and India. In the DRC, the prevalence of anemia has decreased slightly from 52.9% in 2007, to 46.4% in 2012 and 42.4% in 2019. However, there is considerable regional variation in its distribution. The aim of this study is to determine the factors contributing to anemia in women of reproductive age and to explore its spatial distribution in the DRC.

Methods
Based on the Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression Model, we used the 2013 Democratic Republic of Congo Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-DRC II) data to investigate individual and environmental characteristics contributing to the development of anemia in women of reproductive age and the mapping of anemia in terms of residual spatial effects.

Results
Age, pregnancy status, body mass index, education level, current breastfeeding, current marital status, contraceptive and insecticide-treated net use, source of drinking water supply and toilet/latrine use including the province of residence were the factors contributing to anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC. With Global Moran's I = -0.00279, p-value ≥ 0.05, the spatial distribution of anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC results from random spatial processes. Thus, the observed spatial pattern is completely random.

Conclusion
The Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression statistical model is able to adjust for risk and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC highlighting the combined role of individual and environmental factors in the development of anemia in DRC.
Comprehensive evaluation of the impact of workplace exposures on physician-certified sick leave in the general working population
Authors: Sterud Tom , Marti Andrea R , Degerud Eirik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Our objective was to quantify the prospective associations between work factors across chemical, physical, mechanical, and psychosocial domains and the onset of medically certified sick leave.

Methods
Eligible respondents were interviewed in 2009, 2013, or 2016 and were registered in the national sick leave register with an employee relationship lasting more than 50 working days during the year of the survey interviews and the following year (n = 15,294 observations). To focus on the onset of high-level sick leave (HLSL; >16 days a year), we excluded individuals with HLSL during the survey year (baseline). We then used mixed-effect logistic regression models to assess prospective associations between self-reported work conditions and the occurrence of doctor-certified HLSL in the following year.

Results
The average occurrence of HLSL was 13.1%. After adjusting for sex, age, level of education, chronic health problems, and smoking, we observed an exposure-response relationship between cumulative exposure to work factors within all domains and the occurrence of HLSL. When evaluating the impact of combined exposures, predicted odds ratios (OR) for employees exposed to 1, 2, and 3 or more work factors within all domains were 1.60 (95%CI 1.32 − 1.94), 2.56 (95%CI 1.73 − 3.74) and 4.09 (95%CI 2.28 − 7.25), compared to those not exposed.

Conclusions
The results support the notion that exposure to multiple work factors in various domains, including psychosocial, mechanical, chemical, and physical work conditions, is associated with an increased risk of high-level sick leave. Employers and occupational health professionals should consider the joint impact of these domains when designing interventions.
Using the R = MC2 heuristic to understand barriers to and facilitators of implementing school-based physical activity opportunities: a qualitative study
Authors: Craig Derek W. , Walker Timothy J. , Cuccaro Paula , Sharma Shreela V. , Heredia Natalia I. , Robertson Michael C. , Fernandez Maria E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Schools are a key setting for supporting youth physical activity, given their broad reach and diverse student populations. Organizational readiness is a precursor to the successful implementation of school-based physical activity opportunities. The R = MC2 heuristic (Readiness = Motivation x Innovation-Specific Capacity x General Capacity) describes readiness as a function of an organization’s motivation and capacity to implement an innovation and can be applied to better understand the implementation process. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers to and facilitators of implementing school-based physical activity opportunities in the context of organizational readiness.

Methods
We analyzed interview data from 15 elementary school staff (principals, assistant principals, physical education teachers, and classroom teachers) from a school district in Texas. We focused on factors related to adopting, implementing, and sustaining a variety of school-based physical activity opportunities. We used the Framework Method to guide the analysis and coded data using deductive (informed by the R = MC2 heuristic) and inductive approaches. Themes were generated using the frequency, depth, and richness of participant responses.

Results
Four themes emerged from the data: (1) implementation is aided by the presence of internal and external relationships; (2) physical activity opportunities compete with other school priorities; (3) seeing the benefits of physical activity opportunities motivates school staff toward implementation; and (4) staff buy-in is critical to the implementation process. Themes 1–3 aligned with subcomponents of the R = MC2 heuristic (intra- and inter-organizational relationships, priority, and observability), whereas Theme 4 (staff buy-in) related to multiple subcomponents within the Motivation component but was ultimately viewed as a distinct construct.

Conclusion
Our results highlight and explain how key readiness constructs impact the implementation of school-based physical activity opportunities. They also highlight the importance of obtaining staff buy-in when implementing in the school setting. This information is critical to developing readiness-building strategies that help schools improve their capacity to deliver physical activity opportunities effectively.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Clinical profile analysis and nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality among elderly severe community-acquired pneumonia patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Chang , Wang Xinyu , He Dingxiu , Huang Dong , Zhao Yue’an , Wang Xinyuan , Liang Zong’an , Gong Linjing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Severe community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most lethal forms of CAP with high mortality. For rapid and accurate decisions, we developed a mortality prediction model specifically tailored for elderly SCAP patients.

Methods
The retrospective study included 2365 elderly patients. To construct and validate the nomogram, we randomly divided the patients into training and testing cohorts in a 70% versus 30% ratio. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used in the training cohort to identify independent risk factors. The robustness of this model was assessed using the C index, ROC and AUC. DCA was employed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the model.

Results
Six factors were used as independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality to construct the prediction model, including age, the use of vasopressor, chronic renal disease, neutrophil, platelet, and BUN. The C index was 0.743 (95% CI 0.719–0.768) in the training cohort and 0.731 (95% CI 0.694–0.768) in the testing cohort. The ROC curves and AUC for the training cohort and testing cohort (AUC = 0.742 vs. 0.728) indicated a robust discrimination. And the calibration plots showed a consistency between the prediction model probabilities and observed probabilities. Then, the DCA demonstrated great clinical practicality.

Conclusions
The nomogram incorporated six risk factors, including age, the use of vasopressor, chronic renal disease, neutrophil, platelet and BUN, which had great predictive accuracy and robustness, while also demonstrating clinical practicality at ICU admission.
Effects of Curcumin on the treatment of oral lichen planus symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Moayeri Hanie , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Mohammadi Masoud , Moghaddam Sudabeh Bagheri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background and objectives
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic T-cell–mediated disease that can cause significant pain, particularly in its erosive or ulcerative forms. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic impact of curcumin on symptoms of OLP.

Materials and methods
This meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. All related English documents indexed in electronic databases (including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Wiley, Cochrane, and ProQuest databases [updated to August 15, 2023]) were retrieved. Data were double-extracted into a predefined worksheet, and quality analysis was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale. We carried out meta-analyses, and the random effects model was used to estimate the differences in erythema, lesion size, and pain between the curcumin control groups.

Results
The search identified 289 studies, of which 10 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The overall findings of the meta-analysis revealed that curcumin did not have a significant effect on erythema of OLP (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.14; 95% CI, -0.68 to 0.40; P = 0.61; I2 = 57.50%), lesion size of OLP (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI, -0.45 to 0.15; P = 0.33; I2 = 28.42%), and pain of OLP (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI, -0.97 to 0.22; P = 0.22; I2 = 86.60%). However, subgroup analysis based on treatment duration indicated that 2-week treatment duration was significantly associated with a reduction in OLP pain (n = 3; SMD = -1.21; 95% CI, -2.19 to -0.23; P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Curcumin had no significant effect on erythema, lesion size, and pain of OLP compared to the control groups. However, subgroup analysis revealed that curcumin was more effective in reducing pain in non-randomized trials and in trials with a treatment duration of 2 weeks.
A systematic scoping review of medicine availability and affordability in Africa
Authors: Lane Jeff , Nakambale Hilma , Kadakia Asha , Dambisya Yoswa , Stergachis Andy , Odoch Walter Denis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The most recent World Medicines Situation Report published in 2011 found substantial medicine availability and affordability challenges across WHO regions, including Africa. Since publication of the 2011 report, medicine availability and affordability has risen on the international agenda and was included in the Sustainable Development Goals as Target 3.8. While numerous medicine availability and affordability studies have been conducted in Africa since the last World Medicines Situation Report, there has not been a systematic analysis of the methods used in these studies, measures of medicine availability and affordability, categories of medicines studied, or geographic distribution. Filling this knowledge gap can help inform future medicine availability and affordability studies, design systems to monitor progress toward Sustainable Development Goal Target 3.8 in Africa and beyond, and inform policy and program decisions to improve medicine availability and affordability.

Methods
We conducted a systematic scoping review of studies assessing medicine availability or affordability conducted in the WHO Africa region published from 2009–2021.

Results
Two hundred forty one articles met our eligibility criteria. 88% of the articles (213/241) reported descriptive studies, while 12% (28/241) reported interventional studies. Of the 198 studies measuring medicine availability, the most commonly used measure of medicine availability was whether a medicine was in stock on the date of a survey (124/198, 63%). We also identified multiple other availability methods and measures, including retrospective stock record reviews and self-reported medicine availability surveys. Of the 59 articles that included affordability measures, 32 (54%) compared the price of the medicine to the daily wage of the lowest paid government worker. Other affordability measures were patient self-reported affordability, capacity to pay measures, and comparing medicines prices with a population-level income standard (such as minimum wage, poverty line, or per capita income). The most commonly studied medicines were antiparasitic and anti-bacterial medicines. We did not identify studies in 22 out of 48 (46%) countries in the WHO Africa Region and more than half of the studies identified were conducted in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and/or Uganda.

Conclusion
Our results revealed a wide range of medicine availability and affordability assessment methodologies and measures, including cross-sectional facility surveys, population surveys, and retrospective data analyses. Our review also indicated a need for greater focus on medicines for certain non-communicable diseases, greater geographic diversity of studies, and the need for more intervention studies to identify approaches to improve access to medicines in the region.
Does integration with national registers improve the data completeness of local COVID-19 contact tracing tools? A register-based study in Norway, May 2020 - September 2021
Authors: Meijerink Hinta , Shelil Mohamed , Jani-Bølstad Jagrati , Dvergsdal Evy Therese , Madslien Elisabeth Henie , Wilberg Madeleine , Gundersen Ragnhild Bassøe , Sæbø Johan Ivar , Thorseng Anne Asmyr , Iversen Bjørn Gunnar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 response in Norway, many municipalities used the Fiks contact tracing tool (FiksCT) to register positive individuals and follow-up contacts. This tool is based on DHIS2, an open source, web-based platform. In this study we examined if data completeness in FiksCT improved after integration with national registers between May 2020 and September 2021.

Methods
Data from municipalities using FiksCT was extracted from the Norwegian Emergency Preparedness Register for COVID-19 (Beredt C19). We linked FiksCT data to the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS), the National Population Register (FREG), and the Norwegian Vaccine Registry (SYSVAK) using unique identification numbers (ID). Completeness for each variable linked with a national register was calculated before and after integration with these registers.

Results
Of the 125 municipalities using FiksCT, 87 (69.6%) agreed to share and upload their data to Beredt C19. Data completeness for positive individuals improved after integration with national registers. After integration with FREG, the proportion of missing values decreased from 12.5 to 1.6% for ID, from 4.5 to 0.9% for sex, and from 1.2 to 0.4% for date of birth. Missing values for vaccine type decreased from 63.0 to 15.2% and 39.3–36.7% for first and second dose, respectively. In addition, direct reporting from FiksCT to MSIS increased the proportion of complete records in MSIS (on the selected variables) from 68.6% before to 77.0% after integration.

Conclusion
The completeness of local contact tracing data can be improved by enabling integration with established national registers. In addition, providing the option to submit local data to the national registers could ease workload and reduce the need to collect duplicate data.
Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: He Mengyang , Huan Luyao , Wang Xuan , Fan Yingyi , Huang Jinchang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that there is an association between diet and colorectal cancer. However, the causal relationship between dietary habits and colorectal cancer remains unknown.

Methods
The UK Biobank provided summary-level genome-wide association study data for nine dietary habits, including alcohol consumption (n = 549,703), instant coffee consumption (n = 250,308), fruit consumption (n = 210,947), meat consumption (n = 210,947), full cream milk consumption (n = 41,306), sweets consumption (n = 25,521), tea consumption (n = 501,494), vegetable consumption (n = 210,947), and yogurt/ice cream consumption (n = 210,947). Additionally, data on colorectal cancer were collected, consisting of 5,567 cases and 372,016 controls. The MR analysis employed inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR multivariate residuals tests.

Results
In the predominantly European population, a positive association was observed between vegetables (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.000-1.029, p = 0.048) and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The results for vegetable did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. However, no strong evidence was found for other dietary factors, such as alcohol (OR = 1.012, 95% CI = 0.974–1.051, p = 0.556), fruit (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 0.986–1.029, p = 0.512), meat (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.987–1.026, p = 0.968), full cream milk (OR = 1.019, 95% CI = 0.979–1.061, p = 0.357), sweets (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.991–1.004, p = 0.524), and tea (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 0.994–1.009, p = 0.672), with regards to colorectal cancer risk in the European population.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the need for a more nuanced approach to dietary recommendations for CRC prevention, with greater emphasis adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.