bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Parental Readiness to Make Changes for Overweight Children
Authors: Rhee Kyung E. , De Lago Cynthia W. , Arscott-Mills Tonya , Mehta Supriya D. , Davis Renee’ Krysko 
Published: July 2005

Objective. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing in the United States. However, it has been difficult to help children successfully lose weight and maintain weight loss. Parental involvement in this effort is important. Currently, little is known about parents’ readiness to make behavior changes to help their children lose weight. The objective of this study was to describe demographic factors and parental perceptions associated with parents’ readiness to make weight-reducing lifestyle changes for their overweight and at-risk-for-overweight children.
Methods. A total of 151 parents of children who were aged 2 to 12 years and had BMIs ≥85th percentile for age and gender completed a 43-item self-administered questionnaire. Parental stage of change, defined as precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, and preparation/action stage, was determined using an algorithm involving current parental practices and future intentions. Parents in the preparation/action stage were considered to be ready to make behavior changes to help their child lose weight. Maximum-likelihood multinomial logistic regression was used to identify demographics and perceptions associated with parental stage of change.
Results. Sixty-two percent of the children had a BMI ≥95th percentile. Their mean age was 7.5 years, and 53% were male. Of the 151 parents, 58 (38%) were in the preparation/action stage of change, 26 (17%) were in the contemplation stage, and 67 (44%) were in the precontemplation stage. Factors associated with being in the preparation/action stage of change were having overweight or older (≥8 years) children, believing that their own weight or child’s weight was above average, and perceiving that their child’s weight was a health problem. After controlling for multiple factors, having an older child (odds ratio [OR]: 2.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–7.60), believing that they themselves were overweight (OR: 3.45; 95% CI: 1.36–8.75), and perceiving that their child’s weight was a health problem (OR: 9.75; 95% CI: 3.43–27.67) remained significantly associated with being in the preparation/action stage of change.
Conclusions. Several demographic factors and personal perceptions are associated with a parent’s readiness to help his or her child lose weight. Knowledge of these factors may be beneficial to providers and program developers when addressing pediatric overweight with parents and initiating new interventions.
Initial Neurologic Presentation in Young Children Sustaining Inflicted and Unintentional Fatal Head Injuries
Authors: Arbogast Kristy B. , Margulies Susan S. , Christian Cindy W. 
Published: July 2005

Background.
It remains unclear if fatal brain injuries in young children are characterized by immediate rapid deterioration or can present after an initial period of lucidity. This issue has legal implications in child abuse, for which understanding the clinical course affects perpetrator identification.

Objective.
To determine patterns of neurologic presentation on hospital admission in infants and toddlers who die of inflicted and unintentional injury.

Design/Methods.
Data on children &lt;48 months of age who sustained a fatal head injury from 1986–2002 were extracted from the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study. Only those with external-causes-of-injury codes for inflicted injury, falls, and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) with a recorded Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission were included. The GCS was compared across mechanisms and age groups (0–11, 12–23, 24–35, and 36–47 months).

Results.
Of the 314 fatally injured children, 37% sustained inflicted injury, 13% sustained a fall, and 49% sustained an MVC. At admission, 6.8% of all children had a GCS score of &gt;7, and 1.9% presented with a GCS score of &gt;12 (lucid). The incidence of admission a GCS score of &gt;7 varied by mechanism. Overall, children with inflicted injury were 3 times more likely to present with a GCS score of &gt;7 than those injured in MVCs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–10.3), but incidence of a GCS score of &gt;7 did not differ between inflicted injuries and falls. Similarly, when considering only those children ≥24 months old, a GCS score of &gt;7 did not differ by mechanism. In contrast, in those &lt;24 months old, children who died as a result of inflicted injury were &gt;10 times more likely to have a GCS score of &gt;7 than those who died as a result of a MVC (OR: 9.36; 95% CI: 1.3–80.9).

Conclusions.
The data suggest an age- and mechanism-dependent presentation of neurologic status in children with fatal head injury. Although infrequent, young victims of fatal head trauma may present as lucid (GCS score: &gt;12) before death. Furthermore, children &lt;48 months old sustaining inflicted injury are 3 times more likely to be assessed with a moderate GCS score (&gt;7) than those in MVCs. This effect is amplified in the youngest children (&lt;24 months old): those with inflicted injury were 10 times more likely to present with moderate GCS scores than those in MVCs. In addition, this youngest age group seems to be overrepresented in those who present as lucid (GCS score: &gt;12 [5 of 6]). It is unclear whether these differences are the result of inadequate tests to evaluate consciousness in younger children or differences in biomechanical mechanisms of inflicted trauma.
Part-time Residency in Pediatrics: Description of Current Practice
Authors: Holmes Alison Volpe , Cull William L. , Socolar Rebecca R. 
Published: July 2005

Objective. To determine current national utilization levels of part-time pediatric residency and to identify reasons for pursuing training on a part-time basis.
Design. Data were obtained through (1) a survey regarding part-time residency mailed to all accredited pediatric residency programs, (2) the American Medical Association Fellowship and Residency Interactive Electronic Database, and (3) the American Academy of Pediatrics postgraduate level 3 survey, 2003.
Results. Of the 190 accredited pediatric residency programs surveyed, 156 (82%) responded; 18 (12%) of these programs had ≥1 part-time resident during academic years 2000–2003. Nationally, 43 of 6609 residents represented in the survey (0.7%) undertook some of their training on a part-time basis. All programs prorated salaries in proportion to time percentage, 10 (71%) continued full benefits for part-time residents, and 15 (88%) used a reduced call schedule. Although multiple reasons were given for part-time status, including travel (16%), research (14%), advanced degrees (9%), personal illness (9%), and family illness (5%), 67% cited child care as 1 reason. Length of residency was extended by an average of 15 months (range: 4–36 months). Analysis of the American Medical Association Fellowship and Residency Interactive Electronic Database showed that 45 (24%) of 190 programs advertise part-time slots.
Conclusions. Although numerous pediatric programs advertise part-time positions, few residents actually held such positions during a 3-year period. There is variability among programs in how benefits and call schedules are managed. Part-time positions are chosen for multiple reasons, but the most common reason is to care for children. Pediatric residency programs can use this information to meet resident needs.
Screening for Retinopathy in the Pediatric Patient With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lueder Gregg T. , Silverstein Janet ,   and Section on Ophthalmology and Section on Endocrinology
Published: July 2005

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed October 2008, July 2014, and November 2019.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in young adults in the United States. Early identification and treatment of DR can decrease the risk of vision loss in affected patients. This clinical report reviews the risk factors for the development of DR and screening guidance for pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Interfacial chemistry on carboxylate‐functionalized monolayer assemblies
Authors: Gershevitz Olga , Osnis Alina , Sukenik Chaim N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDeposition of trichlorosilanes with ester groups at their remote termini provides a convenient entry to carboxylic acid‐bearing siloxane‐anchored self‐assembled monolayers. The de‐esterification of these esters has been optimized to minimize monolayer damage, and their quantitative re‐esterification provides clear evidence for the stability of these systems. Both the structure of the ester‐terminated monolayer and its de‐esterification/esterification chemistry can be easily monitored by FTIR‐ATR measurements. This spectroscopic tool, together with a liquid cell that enables IR spectra to be measured in an aqueous environment, enables a detailed structural analysis of the carboxylic acid‐bearing siloxane‐anchored self‐assembled monolayers and an assessment of their acid/base behavior (by in situ titration). The use of D2O instead of H2O for the in situ titration experiments also improves the available IR window. Both monomeric and dimeric/oligomeric acid groups are seen, and the relative ease of deprotonation of these various species can be directly monitored. Monomers of alkyl carboxylic acids that are hydrogen bonded only to surrounding water molecules have a pKa = 4.9, while the pKa for the aggregated molecules is 9.3. Similar behavior is seen for surface‐bound benzoic acids, where the two pKa values are 4.7 and 9.0. The influence of temperature on these structures and their chemistry has been explored to a limited extent as well. When the alkylcarboxylic acid system is cooled to 10 °C, the pKa value for the acid monomers is reduced from 4.9 to 4.5 and increases from 9.3 to 10.3 for the aggregates.
Fidelity in the supramolecular assembly of triply and quadruply hydrogen‐bonded complexes
Authors: Todd Eric M. , Quinn Jordan R. , Park Taiho , Zimmerman Steven C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAdvancements in self‐assembly and nanotechnology will require multiple assembly “codes” to be executed simultaneously. At the molecular level this will require fidelity or orthogonality in molecular recognition events. To explore the limits of orthogonal assembly, association constants (Kassoc) and dimerization constants (Kdimer) were measured with a known series of matched and mismatched recognition units in chloroform. Using the available complexation constants, fidelity, defined as [concentration of desired complexes]/[all complexes], was modeled for several component mixtures allowing general conditions for high fidelity assembly to be elucidated.
Retention of Surgically Implanted Ultrasonic Transmitters in the Brown Bullhead Catfish
Authors: Sakaris Peter C. , Jesien Roman V. , Pinkney Alfred E. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Our objective was to compare the ability of brown bullheads Ameiurus nebulosus to tolerate the implantation of ultrasonic transmitters with different coatings. A total of 14 brown bullheads were surgically implanted with ultrasonic transmitters; 7 transmitters were coated with paraffin wax and 7 with Scotchcast, an inert epoxy resin. Six brown bullheads were held as controls with no surgical procedures. Fish were held for 75 d in a flow-through, gravity-filtered series of tanks and monitored for transmitter expulsion, growth (i.e., percent relative weight change), condition (i.e., relative weight), and mortality. All fish with paraffin-coated implants retained their transmitters for the duration of the experiment, whereas two fish with Scotchcast implants expelled their transmitters within 50 d. All fish in the experiment survived, and the implanted fish exhibited growth and condition similar to those of the controls. On the basis of these results, we conclude that brown bullheads tolerate implantation of paraffin-coated transmitters and this attachment method may be used for brown bullheads in telemetric field studies.
Density Dependence of Walleye Maturity and Fecundity in Big Crooked Lake, Wisconsin, 1997–2003
Authors: Schueller Amy M. , Hansen Michael J. , Newman Steven P. , Edwards Clayton J. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Density is an important factor regulating age at maturity and fecundity of fish populations, so we evaluated the effect of the population density of adult walleyes Sander vitreus on age at 50% maturity and length-specific fecundity in Big Crooked Lake, Wisconsin, during 1997–2003. Abundance of adult walleyes from mark–recapture surveys ranged from 2,046 fish (3 per acre) to 4,901 fish (7 per acre). Age at 50% maturity ranged from 3.89 to 4.88 years, length of walleye sampled for fecundity ranged from 13.0 to 24.7 in, and average fecundity of a 17-in walleye ranged from 41,061 to 53,009 eggs. Age at 50% maturity increased significantly as adult walleye population density increased, whereas average fecundity of a 17-in walleye did not change significantly with density. We conclude that age at 50% maturity could be used as an indicator of population density and exploitation stress and thus could be used to set desired levels of harvest.
Understanding the Output of a Smith-Root GPP Electrofisher
Authors: Miranda L. E. , Spencer A. B. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
There is confusion among biologists about the use of the percent of range control in the GPP series of Smith-Root electrofishers. We evaluated the output of a GPP 7.5 electrofisher to examine how adjustments to the percent of range control affect voltage, pulse width, duty cycle, and waveform. We found that contrary to how most users interpret the labels on the GPP unit, adjustments to the percent of range control are linked only indirectly to changes in peak voltage. Suggestions for dealing with the restrictions of the GPP units are offered.
The Gödel Editorial Project: A Synopsis
Authors: Feferman Solomon 
Published: July 2005

The final two volumes, numbers IV and V, of the Oxford University Press edition of theCollected Works of Kurt Gödel[3]–[7] appeared in 2003, thus completing a project that started over twenty years earlier. What I mainly want to do here is trace, from the vantage point of my personal involvement, the at some times halting and at other times intense development of the Gödel editorial project from the first initiatives following Gödel's death in 1978 to its completion last year. It may be useful to scholars mounting similar editorial projects for other significant figures in our field to learn how and why various decisions were made and how the work was carried out, though of course much is particular to who and what we were dealing with.My hope here is also to give the reader who is not already familiar with the GödelWorksa sense of what has been gained in the process, and to encourage dipping in according to interest. Given the absolute importance of Gödel for mathematical logic, students should also be pointed to these important source materials to experience first hand the exercise of his genius and the varied ways of his thought and to see how scholarly and critical studies help to expand their significance.Though indeed much has been gained in our work there is still much that can and should be done; besides some indications below, for that the reader is referred to [2].
Future Tasks for Gödel Scholars
Authors: Dawson John W. , Dawson Cheryl A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAs initially envisioned, Gödel's Collected Works were to include transcriptions of material from his mathematical workbooks. In the end that material, as well as some other manuscript items from Gödel's Nachlass, had to be left out. This note describes some of the unpublished items in the Nachlass that are likely to attract the notice of scholars and surveys the extent of shorthand transcription efforts undertaken hitherto. Some examples of sources outside Gödel's Nachlass that may be of interest to Gödel scholars are also indicated.
Only Two Letters: The Correspondence between Herbrand and Gödel
Authors: Sieg Wilfried 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTwo young logicians, whose work had a dramatic impact on the direction of logic, exchanged two letters in early 1931. Jacques Herbrand initiated the correspondence on 7 April and Kurt Gödel responded on 25 July, just two days before Herbrand died in a mountaineering accident at La Bérarde (Isère). Herbrand's letter played a significant role in the development of computability theory. Gödel asserted in his 1934 Princeton Lectures and on later occasions that it suggested to him a crucial part of the definition of a general recursive function. Understanding this role in detail is of great interest as the notion is absolutely central. The full text of the letter had not been available until recently, and its content (as reported by Gödel) was not in accord with Herbrand's contemporaneous published work. Together, the letters reflect broader intellectual currents of the time: they are intimately linked to the discussion of the incompleteness theorems and their potential impact on Hilbert's Program.
Finitely axiomatizable ω-categorical theories and the Mazoyer hypothesis
Authors: Lippel David 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLet F be the class of complete, finitely axiomatizable ω-categorical theories. It is not known whether there are simple theories in F. We prove three results of the form: if T ∈ F has a sufficently well-behaved definable set J, then T is not simple. (In one case, we actually prove that T has the strict order property.) All of our arguments assume that the definable set J satisfies the Mazoyer hypothesis, which controls how an element of J can be algebraic over a subset of the model. For every known example in F, there is a definable set satisfying the Mazoyer hypothesis.
Interpreting descriptions in intensional type theory
Authors: Carlström Jesper 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNatural deduction systems with indefinite and definite descriptions (ε-terms and ι-terms) are presented, and interpreted in Martin-LÖf's intensional type theory. The interpretations are formalizations of ideas which are implicit in the literature of constructive mathematics: if we have proved that an element with a certain property exists, we speak of ‘the element such that the property holds’ and refer by that phrase to the element constructed in the existence proof. In particular, we deviate from the practice of interpreting descriptions by contextual definitions.
Managing knowledge conflicts in an interorganizational project: A case study of the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore
Authors: Tan Chee Wee , Pan Shan Ling , Lim Eric Tze Kuan , Chan Calvin Meng Lai 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAs knowledge gains currency as a critical resource in the information‐intensive economy, organizations have doubled their efforts to extract value from knowledge management endeavors, including the creation of interorganizational knowledge alliances. One particular aspect of such knowledge partnerships that has gone unnoticed in academic research is the presence of conflicts in knowledge activities. By adopting a conflict perspective of knowledge management in an interorganizational context, this study arrives at a two‐dimensional framework that defines knowledge conflicts in terms of their type and nature. Central to this article is the fundamental notion that conflicts form an integral part of knowledge management, and depending on how they are managed, conflicts may be formidable partners or dangerous adversaries in the corporate quest for a holistic knowledge strategy.
Designing an interdisciplinary graduate program in knowledge management
Authors: Al‐Hawamdeh Suliman 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDesigning an interdisciplinary graduate program in knowledge management requires a good understanding of knowledge processes and the ability to differentiate between information management and knowledge management. Given the complexity of knowledge and the nature of its existence, there is a need for graduate programs to go beyond information management and include in the curriculum disciplines that deal with social, cultural, and economic issues such as communication, cognitive science, and business. An understanding of the interdisciplinary nature of knowledge management is necessary for a more balanced and practical approach to the development of a knowledge management curriculum. In this article, the design and development of an interdisciplinary graduate program in knowledge man‐agement at Nanyang Technological University in Singa‐pore is reported. The initiation of the program was influenced by the strong demand from the public sector in Singapore for knowledge management professionals. It was developed in close association with the information studies program at Nanyang Technological University. In the first year, the program attracted 230 applicants, of which 45 were selected—22 students came from the public sector and 23 students came from the private sector.
The design and implementation of a simulation game for teaching knowledge management
Authors: Chua Alton Y.K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractKnowledge management is a discipline that has rapidly gained attention from both practitioners and academics over the last decade. However, the number of simulation games designed for knowledge management education has been limited. This is largely due to the emerging nature of knowledge management, whose domain the established gaming and simulation community has yet to enter. For this reason, the value and relevance of knowledge management simulation games is highlighted in this article by detailing the design and implementation of a simulation game entitled The Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO). The study was intended to meet two objectives: (a) to provide a template for designing knowledge management simulation games, and (b) to determine the effectiveness of CKO through a pretest–posttest research design. An empirical study which involved 32 final‐year Business Studies students reading an elective module entitled Knowledge Management Systems in an institute of higher education in Singapore was cond‐ucted. The findings confirmed that CKO was a viable and effective instructional tool for imparting knowledge to the participants. In addition, the scores obtained from CKO had a moderating effect on the participants' attitude towards the subject matter.
The analysis and evaluation of knowledge efficiency in research groups
Authors: Wang Junxia , Guan Jiancheng 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo study the knowledge creation process, we introduce a conceptual framework that captures the major goals and features of research organizations. The knowledge efficiency of research groups is then empirically studied. The budget of the projects and size of the research groups are inputs of the projects. To make the assessment more reasonable, two‐dimensional indicators, including a domestic impact factor and an international impact factor, are jointly used to evaluate the research outputs for Chinese research groups through a Data Envelopment Analysis approach with preferences. Through comparisons of groups with the highest and lowest efficiency, we discover the critical factors influencing productivity and efficiency of these research groups based on the proposed framework. Finally, we provide some management suggestions for research groups to improve their knowledge creation efficiency.