bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in cats
Authors: Verstraete Frank J. Μ. , Kass Philip H. , Terpak Cheryl H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in cats.

Sample Population
115 cats referred for dental treatment without a previous full-mouth radiographic series available.

Procedure
In a prospective nested case-control analysis of multiple outcomes in a hospital cohort of cats referred for dental treatment, full-mouth radiography was done prior to oral examination and charting. After treatment, the clinical and radiographic findings were compared, with reference to presenting problems, main clinical findings, additional information obtained from radiography and unexpected radiographic findings. Importance of the radiographic findings in therapeutic decision making was assessed.

Results
The main clinical findings were radiographically confirmed in all cats. Odontoclastic resorption lesions, missed on clinical examination, were diagnosed in 8.7% of cats. Analysis of selected presenting problems and main clinical findings yielded significantly increased odds ratios for a variety of other conditions, either expected or unexpected. Radiographs of teeth without clinical lesions yielded incidental or clinically important findings in 4.8 and 41.7% of cats, respectively, and were considered of no clinical value in 53.6%. Radiographs of teeth with clinical lesions merely confirmed the findings in 13.9% of cats, but yielded additional or clinically essential information in 53.9 and 32.2%, respectively.

Clinical Relevance
The diagnostic yield of full-mouth radiography in new feline patients referred for dental treatment is high, and routine use of full-mouth radiography is justifiable. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:692-695)
Role of the large intestine in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in weaned pigs
Authors: van Beers-Schreurs Hetty Μ. G. , Nabuurs Μ. J. A. , Vellenga L. , Wensing Th. , Breukink H. J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether the large intestine may have a role in counterbalancing the loss of fluid from the small intestine of pigs with diarrhea.

Animals
2 groups of pigs (1 from a specific-pathogen-free herd and 1 from a herd with a history of diarrhea).

Procedure
At weaning and 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after weaning, the percentage of dry matter in the large intestinal contents, total and individual concentrations of volatile fatty acids in large-intestinal contents and blood, and concentration of aldosterone in the blood were measured.

Results
Large intestinal contents of pigs with diarrhea had a lower percentage of dry matter, lower acetate and butyrate concentrations, and higher propionate concentrations than did those of specific-pathogen-free pigs, and blood of pigs with diarrhea also had lower total volatile fatty acids concentration, higher aldosterone concentration, and lower sodium concentration.

Clinical Relevance
The large intestine has a role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in weaned pigs. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:696-703)
Antibody responses to Pasteurella haemolytica 1:A and three of its outer membrane proteins in serum, nasal secretions, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from calves
Authors: Brennan Robert E. , Corstvet Richard E. , Paulson Daniel B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine systemic and mucosal antibody responses in calves to Pasteurella haemolytica 1:A and to 2 major outer membrane proteins (OMP) and 1 major iron-regulated OMP of P haemolytica 1:A.

Animals
23 crossbred calves.

Procedure
2 experiments were performed. In the first experiment, 6 calves were vaccinated and challenge exposed intranasally with an aerosol of P haemolytica 1:A and 6 calves were only challenge exposed. In the second experiment, 8 calves were vaccinated in the area of the tracheal bifurcation with an aerosol of P haemolytica 1:A and 3 calves were used as controls. Serum, nasal secretions, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected, and IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM titers were determined. Nasal secretions and BAL samples were also submitted for bacterial culture.

Results
Serum antibody responses in the 2 groups were similar. Antibody titers in nasal secretions and BAL samples increased in calves vaccinated intranasally. In calves vaccinated in the area of the tracheal bifurcation, antibody titers increased in BAL samples but not in nasal secretions. Antibody responses did not correlate with results of bacterial culture.

Conclusions
Results indicated that intranasal administration of P haemolytica 1:A may be a better method for stimulating protective immune responses in the upper portion of the respiratory tract than lung administration. The single dilution ELISA provided a reliable and economical method for determining antibody titers. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:727-732)
Impaired cytosolic calcium mobilization and aggregation in response to collagen in platelets from Japanese Black cattle with Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Authors: Shiraishi Mitsuya , Ikeda Masahiro , Ogawa Hiroyuki , Tu Chien-Hsien , Ito Katsuaki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine whether impaired aggregation of platelets from Japanese Black cattle with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) was attributable to mobilization of cytosolic Ca2+.

Animals
4 healthy Japanese Black cattle and 3 Japanese Black cattle with CHS.

Procedure
Aggregation and mobilization of cytosolic Ca2+ in response to various receptor agonists was measured in platelets from healthy cattle and cattle with CHS. Involvement of endogenous ADP and arachidonic acid in collagen-induced responses was examined. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was measured after platelets were loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura-PE3. Platelet aggregation was measured with an aggregometer.

Results
Collagen (3 to 15 μg/ml)-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and aggregation were markedly impaired for platelets from cattle with CHS, compared with values for platelets from healthy cattle. Although aggregation and the sustained phase of the cytosolic Ca2+ response to ADP were also decreased in platelets from cattle with CHS, these decreases were small, compared with those in response to collagen. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a phospholipase A2 inhibitor did not have any effect on peak cytosolic Ca2+ concentration or collagen-induced aggregation of platelets from healthy cattle. Responses to a P2T-purinoceptor antagonist suggested that decreased release of endogenous ADP was only partially involved in the impaired response to collagen among platelets from cattle with CHS.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Marked inhibition of collagen-induced Ca2+ mobilization, rather than decreased release of endogenous substances, appeared to be the major cause of impaired platelet response to collagen and the hemorrhagic tendency in cattle with CHS. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:744-749)
Changes in sulfation patterns of chondroitin sulfate in equine articular cartilage and synovial fluid in response to aging and osteoarthritis
Authors: Brown Murray P. , West Leigh A. , Merritt Kelly A. , Plaas Anna H. K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine effects of aging on sulfation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) in articular cartilage and synovial fluid from normal equine middle carpal joints, and to determine whether CS compositional analysis can be used to assess alterations in proteoglycan turnover in degenerative cartilage obtained from horses with carpal osteochondral fractures.

Sample Population
Carpal articular cartilage and synovial fluid from 44 cadavers with normal joints and from 16 Thoroughbred racehorses during routine carpal arthroscopic surgery.

Procedure
After papain/chondroitinase digestion of cartilage, CS disaccharides (unsulfated disaccharide ΔDi0S, and monosulfated disaccharides ΔDi4S and ΔDi6S) were quantified by capillary zone electrophoresis. The CS was purified from synovial fluid chondroitinase digested, and analyzed. The CS nonreducing terminal residues, N-acetylgalactosamine (galNAc) or glucuronic acid adjacent to a 4-sulfated or 6-sulfated galNAc, were quantified.

Results
In cartilage, the ΔDi6S-to-ΔDi4S ratio increased with age; in degenerative cartilage, this ratio was not significantly different from the normal value. Percentage of ΔDi0S decreased with age and was significantly higher in degenerative than in normal cartilage. The galNAc4S and galNAc4,6S represented > 96% of the terminal residues. There was a significant decrease in 6-sulfation of the terminal residues in degenerative cartilage.

Conclusions
6-Sulfation of internal and terminal CS residues increased with age. Cartilage degeneration in racehorses was accompanied by deposition of CS chains with altered sulfation patterns. In normal and diseased joints of horses > 2 years old, synovial fluid CS was not indicative of cartilage CS and may represent turnover products of a subpopulation of proteoglycan within the matrix. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:786-791)
Clinical, urodynamic, and histologic effects of urethral intussusception in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Bertrand Scott G. , Bellah Jamie R. , Ginn Pamela E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY

Objective
To evaluate clinical and histologic effects of surgically created urethral intussusception and determine whether it creates a high-pressure zone that resists passive urine flow in clinically normal dogs.

Animals
8 healthy adult sexually intact female dogs.

Procedure
Urethral pressure profilometry was used to measure maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and functional profile length (FPL) in dogs sedated with xylazine hydrochloride and atropine before and 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, 60, and 90 days after surgery. Cystourethral leak point pressure (CLPP) and cystourethral leak point volume (CLPV) were determined in anesthetized dogs immediately before and after surgery. Dogs were assigned to 4 groups of 2 dogs each; groups were euthanatized 4, 14, 28, and 90 days later, and representative tissues were examined.

Results
Dog 1 developed complete postoperative urethral obstruction. The procedure was altered, and all dogs recovered without complication. Mild inflammation attributable to surgical manipulation, but not ischemic damage or reduction of the intussusception, was evident. Comparison of preoperative MUCP and FPL with postoperative values did not yield significant differences. Immediate postoperative CLPP and CLPV were significantly higher than preoperative values, but were not significantly increased at euthanasia. A distinct but nonsignificant pressure spike was observed in postoperative urethral pressure profiles and persisted in 7 of 8 dogs.

Conclusions
Urethral intussusception does not have deleterious effects when performed as described. Urodynamic data do not support the premise that urethral intussusception will create a high-pressure zone in the urethra that will resist passive urine flow long term in clinically normal dogs. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:904–912)
Evaluation of a hand-held electrical conductivity meter for detection of subclinical mastitis in cattle
Authors: Musser Jeffrey M. B. , Anderson Kevin L. , Caballero Magaly , Amaya Daniel , Maroto-Puga Jorge 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess, under field conditions, whether a hand-held electrical conductivity (EC) meter could be used to detect subclinical mastitis caused by pathogens most commonly associated with mastitis in dairy cows.

Animals
425 lactating cows on 15 dairies in Costa Rica.

Procedure
Immediately prior to milking, milk samples from each quarter were tested, using a hand-held EC meter. A milk sample from the quarter with the highest score was submitted for bacteriologic culture. Results of bacteriologic culture were compared with highest absolute EC score for each cow and with differential EC score (ie, difference between the highest and lowest absolute EC scores for the 4 quarters of each cow).

Results
Absolute EC score for cows with subclinical mastitis was significantly higher than that for cows without subclinical mastitis, and absolute EC score was significantly associated with detection of subclinical mastitis. If absolute EC score ≥ 7 was considered indicative of subclinical mastitis, sensitivity was 0.43, specificity was 0.83, predictive value of a positive result was 0.39, and predictive value of a negative result was 0.85. Differential EC score for cows with mastitis was significantly higher than that for cows without subclinical mastitis. If differential EC score ≥ 2 was considered indicative of subclinical mastitis, sensitivity was 0.53, specificity was 0.77, predictive value of a positive result was 0.37, and predictive value of a negative result was 0.87.

Clinical Implications
A hand-held EC meter may be used to screen cows for subclinical mastitis. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1087-1091)
Development of a simple enzyme immunoassay for blood haptoglobin concentration in cattle and its application in improving food safety
Authors: Saini P. K. , Riaz M. , Webert D. W. , Eckersall P. D. , Young C. R. , Stanker L. H. , Chakrabarti E. , Judkins J. C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To verify the role of haptoglobin, a major acute-phase reactant protein in cattle, as a marker to identify health/disease status in cattle and further assess its potential in improving food safety.

Sample Population
Serum samples from various cattle groups: clinically normal cattle comprising steers (n = 157) and culled dairy cows (n = 92) before death (antemortem [AM]); retained carcasses (n = 57) railed off the line during postmortem (PM) inspection; and apparently AM normal culled dairy cows (n = 57).

Procedure
-Efficacy of the simplified monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay was established by comparing results of haptoglobin tests performed independently on aliquots of serum samples by 3 laboratories.

Results
Haptoglobin concentration was significantly (P ≤ 0.0001) different between the PM retained carcass group (n = 57) and the AM steer (n = 157) and culled dairy cow (n = 92) groups. In addition, haptoglobin concentration in AM steers (n = 157) and culled dairy cows (n = 92) was significantly (P < 0.0012) different, possibly reflecting a higher percentage of underlying pathologic or inflammatory conditions in animals of the latter group. Evaluation in 3 laboratories of sera from a group of culled dairy cows (n = 57), each laboratory performing a different test procedure, indicated that correlation of haptoglobin concentrations was good between the reported test procedure and the unmodified test and the classical hemoglobin-binding assay that measures peroxidase activity.

Conclusion
Haptoglobin determination is effective in identifying diseased and healthy cattle. It may be a potentially important tool for application at the farm and slaughterhouse as an aid in improving food safety. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1101-1107)
Evaluation of periparturient dairy cows and contact surfaces as a reservoir of Cryptosporidium parvum for calfhood infection
Authors: Atwill Edward R. , Harp James A. , Jones Ted , Jardon Phillip W. , Checel Stephanie , Zylstra Mike 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether periparturient cows or contact surfaces to which newborn calves are exposed are reservoirs of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.

Animals
Periparturient cows and their calves.

Procedure
Using direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) and acid-fast (AF) assays, fecal samples taken before and after calving from periparturient cows were tested for C parvum oocysts. Fecal samples from calves were collected every other day from age 7 to 21 days and were tested by use of the AF assay. Topsoil from close-up and maternity pens and scrapings from wooden walls and floors of calf hutches were tested for C parvum oocysts by use of DFA assay.

Results
None of the 384 fecal samples obtained 1 to 21 days before or after calving or on the day of calving from 154 periparturient cows contained detectable C parvum oocysts. Despite this lack of detectable periparturient shedding, the period prevalence of calfhood infection was 92% (123/134) from age 7 to 21 days. Soil samples from the close-up and maternity pens where newborn calves spend the first 12 hours of life also were negative for C parvum oocysts. Wood scrapings from the outer 2 mm of the walls and floors of empty and cleaned calf hutches that were ready to receive calves were C parvum oocyst-positive.

Conclusions
Conditional on sensitivity of DFA, periparturient cows did not appear to shed detectable C parvum oocysts. In contrast, the floors and walls of wooden calf hutches contained detectable C parvum oocysts on the surface. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1116-1121)
Histamine-induced adherence and migration of equine eosinophils
Authors: Foster A. P. , Cunningham F. M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To examine effects of histamine on equine eosinophil adherence in vitro and to determine the histamine receptor subtype(s) and cell surface adhesion molecules that mediate this response. In addition, to determine the receptor subtypes involved in histamine-induced eosinophil migration.

Animals
8 healthy ponies.

Procedure
Effects of histamine on equine eosinophil adherence to serum- or fibronectin-coated plastic, and migration in a microchemotaxis assay were examined. In some experiments, eosinophils were pretreated with histamine receptor antagonists or monoclonal antibodies raised against cell adhesion molecules. For comparison, the effect of histamine on equine neutrophil adherence and migration was studied.

Results
Histamine induced adherence of equine eosinophils, but not neutrophils, to serum- and fibronectin-coated plastic (P < 0.01). Histamine also caused migration of equine eosinophils, but not neutrophils (P < 0.01). Histamine-induced adherence and migration of equine eosinophils were inhibited by histamine, (H1)-receptor antagonists chlorpheniramine and mepyramine (P < 0.01 ), but not H2- or H3-receptor antagonists cimetidine and thioperamide. Monoclonal antibodies raised against CD18, but not very late antigen 4, reduced histamine-induced equine eosinophil adherence to serum- and fibronectin-coated plastic (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
When released from mast cells or basophils, histamine could stimulate adherence and migration of equine eosinophils via H1 receptor activation and induce adherence of equine eosinophils to opsonized surfaces or dermal connective tissue matrix proteins via CD18 activation.

Clinical Relevance
Histamine may have a part in regulating equine eosinophil function during parasitic killing or antigen-induced responses in horses with insect hypersensitivity. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1153— 1159)
Evaluation of treatment with a pulsed electromagnetic field on wound healing, clinicopathologic variables, and central nervous system activity of dogs
Authors: Scardino M. Stacie , Swaim Steven F. , Sartin Eva A. , Steiss Janet E. , Spano Joseph S. , Hoffman Charles E. , Coolman Shindok L. , Peppin Barbara L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate effects of treatment with a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on healing of open and sutured wounds, clinicopathologic variables, and CNS activity of dogs.

Animals
12 adult female Beagles.

Procedure
Open and sutured wounds were created in the skin of the trunk of the dogs. Dogs were divided into 2 groups. One group received PEMF treatment and 1 group served as untreated (control) dogs. The PEMF-treated dogs received treatment twice a day starting the day before surgery and lasting through day 21 after surgery. Wounds were evaluated by use of tensiometry, planimetry, laser Doppler perfusion imaging, and histologic examination. Clinicopathologic variables and electroencephalographic tracings were also evaluated.

Results
Use of PEMF treatment resulted in significantly enhanced epithelialization of open wounds 10 and 15 days after surgery. Five days after surgery, wounds of control dogs had a negative value for wound contraction, whereas PEMF-treated wounds had a positive value. The PEMF treatment did not cause significant changes in short-term planimetric, perfusion, tensiometric, histologic, clinicopathologic, or electroencephalographic results.

Conclusions
The PEMF treatment enhanced wound epithelialization in open cutaneous wounds and provided indications of early contraction without significant short-term changes in other variables. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1177-1181)
Isolation and chondrocytic differentiation of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Fortier Lisa A. , Nixon Alan J. , Williams Janice , Cable Christina S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To isolate mesenchymal stem cells from adult horses and determine specific monolayer culture conditions required to enhance biochemically and phenotypically defined chondrocytic differentiation.

Animals
2 adult horse bone marrow donors without skeletal or hematologic abnormalities.

Procedure
Bone marrow was aspirated from the sternebra, and mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by centrifugation and cultured in monolayers. Subcultures were established in 24-well plates on day 13. Culture medium was harvested every 2 days, and culture of 12 of the 24 wells was terminated on day 6 and of the remaining wells on day 12. Medium proteoglycan content was determined for all samples, and proteoglycan monomeric size was determined for pooled samples from days 2-6 and 8-12. Total nucleated cell numbers were determined at culture termination on days 6 and 12. Histologic, histochemical, and collagen immunohistochemical analyses of multiwell chamber slides harvested on day 6 or 12 were performed.

Results
Mesenchymal cells were an abundant cellular constituent of bone marrow aspirates, and separation of hematopoietic elements was achieved by centrifugation and delayed medium exchange. The remaining mesenchymal stem cells progressed from large, spindyloid, fibroblastic-appearing cells to a rounder shaped cell which formed colony plaques; isolated cells remained more spindyloid. Mesenchymal cell transformation toward a chondrocytic phenotype was verified by a shift in expression from collagen type I to type II, and an increase in quantity and molecular size of proteoglycans synthesized over time.

Conclusions
Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from adult horses have the capacity to undergo chondrogenic differentiation in monolayer cultures and may provide a locally recruitable or transplantable autogenous cell source for articular cartilage repair. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1182-1187).