bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Path of the Prerogatives
Authors: Mikhail John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The path of the prerogatives refers to the process by which the royal prerogative powers outlined in Blackstone’s Commentaries entered into American constitutional law. In 1953, Professor William Crosskey opened up a new window into the Constitution when he pointed out that many of Congress’s enumerated powers had been prerogatives of the British Crown. In The President Who Would Not Be King: Executive Power under the Constitution, Professor Michael McConnell takes Crosskey’s observation as a starting point of his own more systematic analysis of how the Committee of Detail divided these prerogative powers between Congress and the President. Yet neither Crosskey nor McConnell focuses much attention on the fact that many of these powers were already delegated to the United States by the Articles of Confederation. Nor do they ask whether the founders conceived of these powers primarily as legislative or executive powers, on the one hand, or government powers, on the other—a critical distinction reflected in the text of the Constitution by the Necessary and Proper Clause. This article investigates these topics by tracing the path of the prerogatives from 1774 to 1776 in the writings of James Wilson, Benjamin Franklin, John Dickinson, and Thomas Jefferson, highlighting the crucial role played by these powers in Wilson’s 1774 essay on the legislative authority of Parliament, the Articles of Confederation, and the Declaration of Independence. The article also discusses two further issues that any adequate theory of presidential powers must confront: the distinction between government powers and executive powers, and the status of the United States as a legal corporation, in which implied powers are vested without needing to be enumerated. Finally, the article points to new evidence indicating that Jefferson borrowed specific language and ideas from Wilson when drafting the Declaration of Independence.
Movement on Removal: An Emerging Consensus about The First Congress and Presidential Power
Authors: Shugerman Jed H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
What did the “Decision of 1789” decide about presidential removal power, if anything? It turns out that an emerging consensus of scholars agrees about the First Congress’s lack of consensus. The unitary executive theory posits that a president has exclusive and “indefeasible” executive powers (i.e., powers beyond congressional and judicial checks and balances). This panel was an opportunity for unitary executive theorists and their critics to debate recent historical research questioning the unitary theory’s claims (e.g., Jonathan Gienapp’s The Second Creation and my article. “The Indecisions of 1789: Inconstant Originalism and Strategic Ambiguity.” Unitary theorists conceded problems with the claims of a “decision.” Most pivoted away from the traditional account that, based on the legislative debates, a majority of the First Congress endorsed an interpretation that Article II established a presidential removal power. Instead, they shifted to new claims: that the endorsement of even a minority faction was still substantial; that it was the quality of the argument, not the quantity of supporters, that counts (a subjective claim that contradicts the theory of original public meaning); or perhaps it is the quality or historical importance of the speakers that counts (nevermind that Madison, Hamilton, and Marshall also rejected presidential removal). None of these pivots rescue the “Decision” myth. Unitary theorists turned to later evidence: practices and debates further and further away from the Founding and Ratification. To their credit, they demonstrated a willingness to leave behind standard originalist methods and engaged in methods more consistent with common law constitutionalism and living constistutionalism. The challenge is whether they will acknowledge that they have to choose between originalism and the unitary theory. The broader significance of this debate is the questions it raises about the practice of originalism as a reliable method of interpretation.
Asymptotically constant risk estimator of the time-average variance constant
Authors: Chan K W , Yau C Y 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Estimation of the time-average variance constant is important for statistical analyses involving dependent data. This problem is difficult as it relies on a bandwidth parameter. Specifically, the optimal choices of the bandwidths of all existing estimators depend on the estimand itself and another unknown parameter that is very difficult to estimate. Thus, optimal variance estimation is unachievable. In this paper, we introduce a concept of converging flat-top kernels for constructing variance estimators whose optimal bandwidths are free of unknown parameters asymptotically and hence can be computed easily. We prove that the new estimator has an asymptotically constant risk and is locally asymptotically minimax.
Influence of scar age, laser type and laser treatment intervals on paediatric burn scars: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Yangmyung , Barnes Sabrina P , Chen Yung-Yi , Moiemen Naiem , Lord Janet M , Sardeli Amanda V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Laser therapy has emerged to play a valuable role in the treatment of paediatric burn scars; however, there is heterogeneity in the literature, particularly concerning optimal timing for initiation of laser therapy. This study aims to investigate the effect of factors such as scar age, type of laser and laser treatment interval on burn scar outcomes in children by meta-analysis of previous studies.

Methods
A literature search was conducted across seven databases in May 2022 to understand the effects of laser therapy on burn scar outcomes in paediatric patients by metanalysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) between pre- and post-laser intervention. Meta-analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 4.0. Fixed models were selected when there was no significant heterogeneity, and the random effects model was selected for analysis when significant heterogeneity was identified. For all analyses, a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 467 patients. Laser therapy significantly improved Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS)/Total Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (Total POSAS), vascularity, pliability, pigmentation and scar height of burn scars. Significant heterogeneity was found between the studies and thus subgroup analyses were performed. Early laser therapy (&lt;12 months post-injury) significantly improved VSS/POSAS scores compared to latent therapy (&gt;12 months post-injury) {SMD −1.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −3.08; −0.87], p &lt; 0.001 vs −0.59 [95%CI = −1.10; −0.07], p = 0.03} as well as vascularity {SMD −3.95 [95%CI = −4.38; −3.53], p &lt; 0.001 vs −0.48 [95%CI = −0.66; −0.30], p &lt; 0.001}. Non-ablative laser was most effective, significantly reducing VSS/POSAS, vascularity, pliability and scar height outcomes compared to ablative, pulse dye laser and a combination of ablative and pulse dye laser. Shorter treatment intervals of &lt;4 weeks significantly reduced VSS/POSAS and scar height outcomes compared to intervals of 4 to 6 weeks.

Conclusions
Efficacy of laser therapy in the paediatric population is influenced by scar age, type of laser and interval between laser therapy application. The result of this study particularly challenges the currently accepted initiation time for laser treatment. Significant heterogeneity was observed within the studies, which suggests the need to explore other confounding factors influencing burn scar outcomes after laser therapy.
No increased risk of postoperative adverse events in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa following a total joint replacement
Authors: Cornman Hannah L , Kambala Anusha , Nandi Tina R , Kwatra Shawn G , Nandi Sumon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is concern for increased risk of adverse events, particularly periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), following total joint replacement (TJR) in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) because of a compromised skin barrier and bacterial colonization of lesions. We used the TriNetX health research database to identify patients who had undergone TJR with (n = 1760) and without (n = 1760) HS matched by age, sex, ethnicity, race and risk factors for PJI. Multivariate analysis was performed and revealed that 90-day risk of PJI, reoperation, wound dehiscence, delayed wound healing, emergency room visits and readmission were not increased among patients with HS who underwent TJR. Given these findings, dermatologists and orthopaedists should not defer TJR access for patients with HS, as risk of postoperative complications is not prohibitive.
Advances in treatment for lipoid proteinosis (Urbach–Wiethe disease): a case report and systematic review
Authors: Bueno-Molina Rocío C , Hernández-Rodríguez Juan-Carlos , Cabrera-Fuentes Raquel , Cabrera-Pérez Rocío , Conejo-Mir Sánchez Julián , Pereyra-Rodríguez José-Juan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Lipoid proteinosis (LP), also known as Urbach–Wiethe disease, is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis, caused by mutations in the ECM1 gene. This results in the deposition of periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-positive, hyaline-like material on the skin, mucosae and internal organs.

Objectives
To present a case report of LP and a systematic review to synthesize the scientific literature on the management of this uncommon and frequently missed diagnosis.

Methods
We present a case report of a 48-year-old man with LP who exhibited significant improvement after oral acitretin therapy. To address the lack of large case–control studies on LP treatment, we performed a systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA 2020 criteria. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases from inception until June 2023. To assess the methodological quality of case reports and case series, we used the Joanna Briggs Collaboration critical appraisal tool.

Results
We included 25 studies that met eligibility criteria. Data from 44 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis were analysed. Treatment ranged from systemic therapies (acitretin, etretinate, dimethyl sulfoxide, corticosteroids, penicillamine) to surgical or laser procedures. Regarding methodological quality, the main discrepancies arose in the reporting of participant characteristics and treatment interventions.

Conclusions
Low-dose oral acitretin could have potential in managing LP, exhibiting fewer side-effects compared with other therapeutic agents. Further research is needed to establish more comprehensive and evidence-based treatment guidelines.
Community-Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Among People Who Inject Drugs: A National Cohort Study in England, 2017–2020
Authors: McGuire Emma , Collin Simon M , Brown Colin S , Saito Makoto 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (CA-SAB), but little is known about clinical outcomes of CA-SAB in PWID compared with the wider population of patients with CA-SAB.

Methods
Three national datasets were linked to provide clinical and mortality data on patients hospitalized with CA-SAB in England between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020. PWID were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code for “mental health and behavioral disorder due to opioid use” (F11). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations of PWID with 30-day all-cause mortality and 90-day hospital readmission.

Results
In 10 045 cases of CA-SAB, 1612 (16.0%) were PWID. Overall, 796 (7.9%) patients died within 30 days of CA-SAB admission and 1189 (11.8%) patients were readmitted to hospital within 90 days of CA-SAB. In those without infective endocarditis, there was strong evidence of lower odds of mortality among PWID compared with non-PWID (aOR, 0.47 [95% confidence interval {CI}: .33–.68]; P &lt; .001), whereas there was no association in CA-SAB case fatality with endocarditis (aOR, 1.40 [95% CI: .87–2.25]; P = .163). PWID were less likely to be readmitted within 90 days of CA-SAB (aOR, 0.79 [95% CI: .65–.95]; P = .011).

Conclusions
In this large cohort study of patients with CA-SAB in England, PWID had lower odds of death in the absence of endocarditis and lower odds of readmission within 90 days compared to non-PWID patients. This study highlights the overrepresentation of PWID among patients with CA-SAB nationally.
LiteMixer: Cauliflower Disease Diagnosis based on a Novel Lightweight Neural Network
Authors: Zhong Yi , Teng Zihan , Tong Mengjun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cauliflower, a globally cultivated and nutritionally rich crop, confronts significant challenges in quality and yield due to the rising prevalence of diseases. Traditional manual detection methods, suitable for empiricists or plant pathologists, prove inefficient. Furthermore, existing automated disease identification methods in cauliflower often neglect crucial computational performance metrics within computer vision algorithms, such as complexity, inference speed and training time. This study introduces LiteMixer, a novel lightweight model designed to address these challenges. The Lightweight Mixed-Domain Feature Extraction module (LMFE) meticulously captures global image features, followed by a maximum pooling layer that downscales the resulting multidimensional feature matrix. The Plug-and-Play Multi-Scale Lightweight Convolutional Attention Fusion module (MLCAF) integrates multichannel spatial features, connecting to fully connected layers for the final classification. Ablation experiments highlight the effectiveness of the LMFE module coupled with the MLCAF module. Comparative analyses against state-of-the-art and other lightweight models demonstrate LiteMixer achieving the highest accuracy in identifying cauliflower diseases at 99.86%. Notably, LiteMixer exhibits optimal computational performance, featuring minimal storage costs (4.02M) and the lowest parameter count, resulting in cost-effective computational expenses (16.78M). LiteMixer also boasts the fastest inference time (4.69 ms) and the shortest training time (865 s). This study positions LiteMixer as an advanced solution for diagnosing cauliflower leaf diseases in agricultural settings, underscoring its efficacy and practicality in overcoming the unique challenges associated with cauliflower disease detection within the realm of computer vision algorithms.
Experimental Evidence on Four Policies to Increase Learning at Scale
Authors: Duflo Annie , Kiessel Jessica , Lucas Adrienne M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We partnered with the Ghanaian government to simultaneously test four methods of increasing achievement—assistant-led remedial pull-out lessons, remedial after-school lessons, smaller class sizes and teacher-implemented partial day tracking—in schools with low and heterogeneous student achievement. The interventions increased student learning by about 0.1 standard deviations, rising to 0.4 standard deviations when adjusting for imperfect implementation, with no effects on attendance, grade repetition or drop-out. Test score increases were larger for girls. Test score gains persisted after the program ended. Assistants implemented the program with higher fidelity than teachers, although their fidelity decreased over time while teacher fidelity marginally improved.
Area-weighted unipolar voltage to predict heart failure outcomes in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Rademaker Robert , Kimura Yoshi , de Riva Silva Marta , Beukers Hans C , Piers Sebastiaan R D , Wijnmaalen Adrianus P , Dekkers Olaf M , Zeppenfeld Katja 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) referred for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) are at risk for end-stage heart failure (HF) due to adverse remodelling. Local unipolar voltages (UV) decrease with loss of viable myocardium. A UV parameter reflecting global viable myocardium may predict prognosis. We evaluate if a newly proposed parameter, area-weighted unipolar voltage (awUV), can predict HF-related outcomes [HFO; HF death/left ventricular (LV) assist device/heart transplant] in ICM.

Methods and results
From endocardial voltage maps of consecutive patients with ICM referred for VT ablation, awUV was calculated by weighted interpolation of local UV. Associations between clinical and mapping parameters and HFO were evaluated and validated in a second cohort. The derivation cohort consisted of 90 patients [age 68 ±8 years; LV ejection fraction (LVEF) 35% interquartile range (IQR) (24–40)] and validation cohort of 60 patients [age 67 ± 9, LVEF 39% IQR (29–45)]. In the derivation cohort, during a median follow-up of 45 months [IQR (34–83)], 36 (43%) patients died and 23 (26%) had HFO. Patients with HFO had lower awUV [4.51 IQR (3.69–5.31) vs. 7.03 IQR (6.08–9.2), P &lt; 0.001]. A reduction in awUV [optimal awUV (5.58) cut-off determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis] was a strong predictor of HFO (3-year HFO survival 97% vs. 57%). The cut-off value was confirmed in the validation cohort (2-year HFO-free survival 96% vs. 60%).

Conclusion
The newly proposed parameter awUV, easily available from routine voltage mapping, may be useful at identifying ICM patients at high risk for HFO.
Short-term pectin-enriched smoothie consumption has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of low-fiber consumers
Authors: Pihelgas Susan , Ehala-Aleksejev Kristel , Kuldjärv Rain , Jõeleht Ann , Kazantseva Jekaterina , Adamberg Kaarel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Adequate consumption of fiber has a positive effect on health. The crossover study examined the effect of a pectin-enriched smoothie on gut microbiota and health parameters. During 3 weeks, 31 adults consumed two smoothies (11.6 or 4.8 g of fiber/day), alternating with washout periods in different order. At the end of each period, weekly food diaries, blood samples, and stool microbiota were collected. Changes in the microbiota during smoothie consumption were associated with baseline fiber intake. A greater proportion of up- (Lachnospira, Colidextribacter, and Bacteroides) or down-shifts (Streptococcus, Holdemanella) was observed in low-fiber (n = 22) compared to high-fiber consumers (n = 9). In both groups, the pectin-enriched smoothie reduced the number of the Ruminococcus torques group bacteria. Our results showed that the short-term approach is effective to estimate relationships between food components and gut bacteria.
Genome-wide identification of bHLH transcription factors and functional analysis in salt gland development of the recretohalophyte sea lavender (Limonium bicolor)
Authors: Wang Xi , Wang Baoshan , Yuan Fang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transcription factors with basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) structures regulate plant growth, epidermal structure development, metabolic processes, and responses to stress extensively. Sea lavender (Limonium bicolor) is a recretohalophyte with unique salt glands in the epidermis that make it highly resistant to salt stress, contributing to the improvement of saline lands. However, the features of the bHLH transcription factor family in L. bicolor are largely unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed the characteristics, localization, and phylogenetic relationships of 187 identified bHLH family genes throughout the L. bicolor genome, as well as their cis-regulatory promoter elements, expression patterns, and key roles in salt gland development or salt tolerance by genetic analysis. Nine verified L. bicolor bHLH genes are expressed and the encoded proteins function in the nucleus, among which the proteins encoded by Lb2G14060 and Lb1G07934 also localize to salt glands. Analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-generated knockout mutants and overexpression lines indicated that the protein encoded by Lb1G07934 is involved in the formation of salt glands, salt secretion, and salt resistance, indicating that bHLH genes strongly influence epidermal structure development and stress responses. The current study lays the foundation for further investigation of the effects and functional mechanisms of bHLH genes in L. bicolor and paves the way for selecting salt-tolerance genes that will enhance salt resistance in crops and for the improvement of saline soils.
Identifying the Importance of UX Dimensions for Different Software Product Categories
Authors: Mortazavi Ehsan , Doyon-Poulin Philippe , Imbeau Daniel , Robert Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Billions of users around the world use mobile applications and computer software to achieve their professional and personal goals. This situation drives User Experience (UX) researchers and practitioners to assess the importance of UX dimensions across different products, to facilitate the design, development and evaluation of new products. To that end, this study surveyed a group of 200 end users and 8 UX experts from Canada to document the importance of 21 UX dimensions for 15 software product categories. The results confirmed that the importance of UX dimensions varies between product categories. Comparing the findings to those of similar studies conducted in Germany and Indonesia revealed that, while culture influences the rating of UX dimensions, the importance of UX dimensions is still determined by the product category. Comparisons between the importance ratings of UX dimensions between end users and experts and within end users were not significant in 77% and 97% of cases, respectively. Results showed that task-based product categories rely more on pragmatic dimensions (i.e. functionality and usability) while leisure-based products value hedonic dimensions (i.e. pleasure) as well. This study benefits researchers and practitioners by enabling them to select the most important UX dimensions for evaluating their products.
CCS CONCEPTS: • Human-centered computing • Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) • HCI design and evaluation methods.
Additional Keywords and Phrases: User experience, UX dimension, UX evaluation, culture.