bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum haptoglobin concentrations in a population of feedlot cattle
Authors: Young C. R. , Wittum T. E. , Stanker L. H. , Perino L. J. , Griffin D. D. , Littledike E. T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine serum haptoglobin concentrations in a population of feedlot cattle and evaluate their usefulness in predicting subsequent clinical respiratory tract disease.

Design
Prospective longitudinal study.

Animals
366 beef calves.

Procedure
Serum samples were obtained at feedlot entry and 40 and 65 days on feed (DOF). Calves were observed daily for clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. The lungs of 144 of the calves were evaluated at slaughter for the presence of gross lesions of pneumonia.

Results
58% of the calves had detectable serum haptoglobin concentration in at least 1 sample. The proportion of calves with detectable haptoglobin were similar at each sample collection time. A higher proportion of the calves had values > 10 mg/dl at 40 DOF. The prcportion of calves observed with clinical disease during the 10-day period after the 40 DOF sample increased (P < 0.10) as serum haptoglobin concentration increased. At 65 DOF, calves with serum haptoglobin value > 10 mg/dl had a higher (P < 0.05) rate of subsequent clinical respiratory tract disease than did calves with lower values. The proportion of calves with gross pulmonary lesions slaughter increased (P < 0.05) from 39% among calves without detectable serum haptoglobin concentration in any of the 3 samples to 63% among calves with at least 1 observed value > 10 mg/dl.

Conclusions
We observed associations between serum haptoglobin concentration and subsequent clinical respiratory tract disease and pulmonary lesions at slaughter. However, serum haptoglobin concentration alone is not adequate for prediction of clinical disease.

Clinical Relevance
The usefulness for cross-sectional sampling of serum haptoglobin concentration as a diagnostic tool for clinical respiratory tract disease in feedlot cattle appears to be limited.
Effect of oral administration of flunixin meglumine on the inflammatory response to endotoxin in heifers
Authors: Odensvik Kristina , Magnusson Ulf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effect of oral and IV administrations of flunixin meglumine on the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response in heifers.

Design
The study was conducted in 2 experimental sets in which heifers were exposed to low IV doses of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Within each set, heifers were allocated to 3 treatment groups; pretreatment with flunixin meglumine orally and IV prior to endotoxin administration, or endotoxin administration only. The dose of flunixin used was the recommended therapeutic dose in cattle.

Animals
11 clinically normal heifers weighing from 400 to 640 kg.

Procedure
A permanent cannula was inserted into the jugular vein on the day prior to the experiment. Blood samples were collected regularly during the experiment and analyzed for the content of prostaglandin F2α metabolite, Cortisol, blood mononuclear cells, and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes and rectal temperature was measured.

Results
Endotoxin administration caused clinical signs and hematologic changes characteristic of endotoxemia in cattle. Flunixin administered orally prior to experimentally induced endotoxemia exerted an effect equal to that after its IV administration. Significant increases in rectal temperature and prostaglandin F2α metabolite concentrations after administration of endotoxin were abrogated when the heifers were pretreated with flunixin, irrespective of route of administration. Cortisol concentrations were lower after pretreatment with flunixin. However, flunixin did not prevent the decrease in blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes seen after endotoxin administration.

Conclusion
Owing to no major difference in the inflammatory response between oral and IV flunixin dosing, flunixin granules may be an alternative to parenteral use in bovine practice.
Effect of a mask and pneumotachograph on tracheal and nasopharyngeal pressures, respiratory frequency, and ventilation in horses
Authors: Holcombe Susan J. , Beard Warren L. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the effect of a mask and pneumotachograph on ventilation, respiratory frequency, and tracheal and nasopharyngeal pressures in horses running on a treadmill.

Design
Six horses ran at 50, 75, and 100% of the speed that resulted in maximum oxygen consumption, with and without a mask and pneumotachograph. Tracheal and pharyngeal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, respiratory frequency, and arterial blood gases were measured.

Animals
Six Standardbred horses.

Procedure
Oxygen consumption was measured during an incremental exercise test to determine the speed that resulted in maximal oxygen consumption for each horse. Tracheal and pharyngeal pressures were measured, using transnasal tracheal and pharyngeal side-hole catheters connected to differential pressure transducers. Carotid arterial blood samples were collected and PaO2, PaCO2, and pH were measured with a blood gas analyzer.

Results
Peak tracheal and pharyngeal inspiratory pressures were significantly more negative, peak tracheal and pharyngeal expiratory pressures were significantly more positive and respiratory frequency was significantly lower (all P < 0.05) at all speeds when horses wore a mask The PaCO2, was higher and arterial pH and PaO2, were lower (P < 0.05) when horses wore a mask.

Conclusions
The mask and pneumotachograph altered upper airway pressures, respiratory frequency, and ventilation in horses running on a treadmill.(Am J Vet Res 1996; 57: 250-253)
Effect of prepuberal and postpuberal gonadectomy on heat production measured by indirect calorimetry in male and female domestic cats
Authors: Root Margaret V. , Johnston Shirley D. , Olson Patricia N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To use indirect calorimetry to compare heat production between gonadectomized and sexually intact male and female cats.

Design
Male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) kittens were gonadectomized at 7 weeks or 7 months of age, or left sexually intact. Body heat production was measured by indirect calorimetry in all cats at 12, 18, and 24 months of age.

Animals
18 male and 18 female clinically normal domestic shorthair cats.

Procedure
Heat production was measured, using an open-circuit, respiratory, indirect calorimeter. All cats underwent calorimetry at 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The heat coefficient, a measure of resting metabolic rate, was calculated for each cat at each test; heat coefficient is defined as logarithm of heat (kcal/h) divided by logarithm of body weight (kg).

Results
Heat production did not vary with age in male or female cats. Heat coefficient was higher in sexually intact male and female cats than in gonadectomized male and female cats at 12, 18, and 24 months of age (12 months, females, P < 0.01, males, P = 0.04; 18 months, females, P < 0.01, males, P = 0.02; and 24 months, females and males, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
These data suggest that resting metabolic rate in cats decreases after gonadectomy.

Clinical Relevance
A decrease in metabolic rate is synonymous with a decrease in caloric requirements. Gonadectomized animals fed in a manner similar to sexually intact animals may be predisposed to obesity and its sequelae.(Am J Vet Res 1996;57:371-374)
Use of force-plate analysis of gait to compare two surgical techniques for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs
Authors: Jevens Dermot J. , DeCamp Charles E. , Hauptman Joe , Braden Terrance D. , Richter Marlee , Robinson Rachel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To use ground reaction forces and related impulses as an objective measurement of limb function in the comparison of 1 extracapsular and 1 intracapsular surgical technique for repair of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs.

Animals
18 healthy dogs.

Design
All dogs underwent force-plate analysis of gait prior to transection of the left cranial cruciate ligament. The dogs were randomly allotted to 3 groups. The ligamentous instability was corrected, using a modified retinacular imbrication technique (MRIT) in 1 group and an under-and-over technique in another group. No attempt was made to correct the ligamentous instability in a control group. Clinical grading of lameness and force-plate analysis of gait were performed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks after surgery.

Procedure
Peak vertical force and vertical, braking, and propulsion impulses were recorded for each limb at each time. The degree of clinical lameness was graded at each time.

Results
Left hind limb peak vertical forces and vertical impulses were significantly decreased at all times after surgery in the control and under-and-over technique group, compared with values before surgery. Dogs of the MRIT group had improved by 20 weeks, with no significant differences between left hind limb peak vertical forces or vertical impulses recorded before surgery and at 20 weeks.

Conclusion
Peak vertical forces and vertical impulses in dogs undergoing MRIT repair after experimentally created cranial cruciate ligament rupture are not significantly different when values recorded for the operated limb at 20 weeks after surgery are compared with those recorded prior to surgery.(Am J Vet Res 1996;57:389-393)
Rate of keratinization of the wall segment of the hoof and its relation to width and structure of the zona alba (white line) with respect to claw disease in cattle
Authors: Budras K.-D. , Mülling Ch. , Horowitz A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine contribution of the wall segment of bovine cattle hoof to horn production, and relevance of structural differences of the wall segment and its horn production rate to claw disease.

Design
Epidermis and papillary body of the wall segment were examined by mesoscopy, light microscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Morphometry of the entire length of the zona alba was examined, and the horn production rate of the wall segment was calculated.

Animals
Mixed-breed, dual purpose (beef and dairy) cattle of either sex, and young (20 months) Holstein-Friesian beef bulls.

Procedure
Blocks of a strip of the hoof from the coronary segment to the sole margin, including epidermis and dermis, were prepared for light and transmission electon microscopy. Prepared specimens of the wall-sole border were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Morphometry was performed on the outer, middle, and inner parts of the zona alba structures on unfixed horn specimens of beef bull claws. After removal of the zona alba specimens, the claw was removed and the proximodistal extent of the epidermal leaflets was measured and analyzed statistically.

Results
Horn production increased in the distal half of the wall segment, was greatest at the wall-sole border, and highest above the abaxial end of the zona alba. High horn production resulted in an incompletely keratinized, softer horn.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
High horn production at the zona alba increases susceptibility to vascular disturbance. Claw dyskeratoses appear first in areas of high horn production, areas which are also subject to a greater frequency of claw lesions. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:444–455)
Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure thrombin-antithrombin III complexes in horses with colic
Authors: Topper Michael J. , Prasse Keith W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate new ELISA for measurement of thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) concentration, and to correlate the values to other tests of hemostasis in horses with colic.

Design
Plasma TAT concentration and 8 other hemostasis analytes were measured in horses with colic at hospital admission and during the next 4 days. Retrospectively, data were analyzed by outcome, broad-category diagnosis, and clinical management, and for correlation between TAT and other assays.

Animals
100 horses with colic.

Procedure
Plasma samples were evaluated for TAT, fibrinogen, and fibrin degradation products concentrations; antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C, α2-antiplasmin, and plasminogen activities; prothrombin time (PT); and activated partial thromboplastin time.

Results
Changes were indicative of a hypercoagulable state, most severe in nonsurviving horses, characterized by increased TAT concentration; decreased ATIII, protein C, and plasminogen activities; and increased PT. Nonsurvivors had significantly increased TAT concentration compared with that in survivors, without regard to sample collection time; however, compared over time, TAT was significantly increased only at admission. Highest TAT concentration was in nonsurvivors with inflammatory intestinal lesions. There was significant negative correlation between TAT and ATIII, protein C, α2-antiplasmin, and plasminogen values, and significant positive correlation between TAT and PT, and fibrin degradation products values.

Conclusions
Plasma TAT reflects the current state of coagulation system activation and is a good assay for early diagnosis of the hypercoagulable state in horses with the most severe forms of colic.

Clinical Relevance
Measurement of equine TAT provides further information to characterize the hypercoagulable state in horses to aid in case management. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:456–462)
Event-time analysis of the effect of 60-day milk production on the parturition-to-conception interval in dairy cows
Authors: Harman J. L. , Gröhn Y. T. , Erb H. N. , Casella G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To quantify the effect of early-lactation milk and milk fat production on time to conception.

Design
Event-time analysis (survival analysis).

Sample Population
44,450 cows delivering calves between September 1985 and September 1986, from 6,227 Ayrshire dairy herds in 80 Finnish communities.

Procedure
Primiparous and multiparous cows were analyzed in separate Cox proportional hazards models. 60-day milk and milk fat production were categorized and regressed against days from parturition to conception for the period 56 to 120 postpartum days, controlling for season of parturition, parity, herd production, occurrence of 43 diseases, and community.

Results
Multiparous cows producing above the 80th percentile for 60-day milk, but with milk fat production below the 75th percentile, were significantly more likely to conceive, compared with cows with lower production and compared with cows with similar milk production but with milk fat between the 75th and 97th percentiles. They were slightly more likely to conceive than cows with highest milk fat production, although not significantly so. Primiparous cows producing above the 80th percentile for 60-day milk with milk fat below the 75th percentile also had the highest conception probability. The highest producing primiparae had significantly lower conception probability than all others.

Conclusions
Controlling for disease occurrence, calving season, parity, herd production level, and community, there appeared to be an inverted U-shaped relation between 60-day production and conception probability.

Clinical Relevance
Primiparous cows that are high producers may not be receiving the same careful management that high-producing multiparous cows receive. (Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:634–639)
Identification of neutrophil NADPH oxidase proteins gp91-phox, p22-phox, p67-phox, and p47-phox in mammalian species
Authors: Hitt Nancy D. , Kleinberg Michael E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To identify and characterize 4 components of the NADPH oxidase complex, gp91-phox, p22-phox, p67-phox, and p47-phox, in common laboratory animal species.

Animals
2 clinically normal animals from each of the following species: rabbit, sheep, cow, pig, and macaque (Macaca nemistrina). A pool of 8 rats.

Procedure
Neutrophils were harvested from blood. Membrane and cytosol fractions were isolated and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Gels were transferred, and immunoblots were probed with antibodies directed against individual human NADPH oxidase proteins. Human neutrophil membrane and cytosol fractions served as controls.

Results
Immunoreactive bands were observed in all species for gp91-phox, p67-phox, and p47-phox proteins. Immunoreactive bands for p22-phox protein were observed in cells from rats, rabbits, pigs, and macaques.

Conclusions
The NADPH oxidase and its component proteins have been highly conserved across mammalian species. Lack of immunoreactivity to p22-phox in sheep and cows can be explained by sequence divergence and epitope variability at the p22-phox C-terminus.

Clinical Relevance
The high degree of NADPH oxidase protein conservation may allow the existing knowledge of the human neutrophil NADPH oxidase to be applied to the study of animal disease. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:672–676
Differential distribution of von Willebrand factor in canine vascular endothelium
Authors: Smith Jennifer M. , Meinkoth James H. , Hochstatter Tressa , Meyers Kenneth M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether endothelial cell (EC) von Willebrand factor (vWf) is uniformly distributed in canine blood vessels.

Design
Content of EC vWf from vascular segments was evaluated in Haütchen preparations, using immunohistochemistry. EC from femoral arteries and veins and jugular veins were grown in culture, and the intracellular content and constitutive release of vWf from these cells were measured. The amount of vWf mRNA in the cultured EC was determined.

Animals
Vascular segments for Hautchen preparations and EC for culture were obtained from 5 and 10 clinically normal, mixed-breed dogs, respectively.

Procedures
Appropriate vascular segments were removed, fixed, processed for immunohistochemistry, using a monospecific polyclonal antibody to canine vWf, and Haütchen preparations were made. Intracellular and constitutive released vWf was measured, using an ELISA, and vWf mRNA was measured by Northern blot analysis.

Results
Intact endothelial linings from femoral veins, jugular veins, vena cava, and pulmonary veins stained more intensely than femoral arteries, carotid arteries, aorta, and pulmonary veins. Constitutive release and intracellular content of vWf in cultured EC from femoral veins was about 30 times higher than that from femoral arterial EC, which was barely detectable. Similar differences were seen in amounts of mRNA.

Conclusions
There is marked diversity in EC vWf in canine vasculature that may result from differences in vWf mRNA.

Clinical Relevance
Low amounts of vWf in canine systemic arterial EC may contribute to thromboresistance of canine arteries. (Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:750–755)
Prevalence of Serpulina species in relation to diarrhea and feed medication in pig-rearing herds in Sweden
Authors: Fellström Claes , Pettersson Bertil , Johansson Karl-Erik , Lundeheim Nils , Gunnarsson Anders 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine prevalence of various pheno- and genotypes of Serpulina sp in young pigs in relation to diarrhea and feed medication in Swedish pig-rearing herds.

Design
Isolation of spirochetes. Phenotypical and genotypical classification.

Sample Population
Young pigs (n = 358) in 19 pig-rearing herds.

Procedure
Serpulina isolates were classified according to a biochemical scheme based on hemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and α-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase activities. The 16S rRNA sequences for 10 of the field strains and 2 type strains of Serpulina spp were aligned and compared. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of olaquindox for 9 of the strains were determined.

Results
Weakly β-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes (WBHIS) were isolated from 17 of the herds and 65% of the samples. More than 1 phenotype of WBHIS was found in 12 of the 19 herds. S hyodysenteriae was not isolated in any of the herds. Hippurate-positive WBHIS were isolated in 6 of 7 herds affected by diarrhea, but in only 1 of 8 herds without diarrhea. Hippurate-positive strains were closely related to the pathogenic strain P43 if judged from sequence comparisons. Strains with the same biochemical profile isolated within a herd had identical sequences, but when isolated from different herds, sequence differences were observed. The prevalence of WBHIS was reduced in herds medicated with olaquindox. Investigated field strains had minimum inhibitory concentration values ≤ 1 μg/ml for olaquindox.

Conclusion
The presence of WBHIS, with the ability to hydrolyze hippurate, was related to diarrhea in pig herds.

Clinical Relevance
Potentially pathogenic WBHIS can be distinguished from nonpathogenic strains by the hippurate hydrolysis test. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:807–811)
Effects of furosemide on hemorheologic alterations induced by incremental treadmill exercise in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Geor Raymond J. , Burger Katherina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether furosemide treatment altered the blood flow properties and serum and RBC electrolyte concentrations of Thoroughbreds during submaximal treadmill exercise.

Design
Thoroughbreds were subjected to submaximal treadmill exercise with and without treatment with furosemide (1 mg/kg of body weight, IV).

Animals
5 healthy Thoroughbreds that had raced within the past year and had no history of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.

Procedure
Venous blood samples were obtained before exercise, at treadmill speeds of 9 and 13 m/s, and 10 minutes after exercise, and hemorheologic and electrolyte test results were determined.

Results
Hemorheologic changes 60 minutes after furosemide administration included increased PCV, plasma total protein concentration, whole blood viscosity, mean RBC volume, and RBC potassium concentration, and decreased serum potassium concentration, serum chloride concentration, and RBC chloride concentration. Furosemide treatment attenuated the exercise-associated changes in RBC size, serum sodium concentration, serum potassium concentration, RBC potassium and chloride concentrations, and RBC density; exacerbated exercise-associated increases in whole blood viscosity; and had no effect on RBC filterability.

Conclusions
The hemorheologic effects of furosemide probably occurred secondary to total body and transmembrane fluid and electrolyte fluxes and would not improve blood flow properties.

Clinical Relevance
The beneficial effects of furosemide treatment in reducing the severity of bleeding in horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage cannot be explained by improved blood flow properties. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:891–895)