bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HARNESSING TEACHER’S OWN MATERIALS: THE EFFECT AND ITS BENEFIT
Authors: Silminda Silminda , Hafidzoh Kamalatul 
Published: October 2023

This study reviews some research articles selected from several journals in ELT. The range of year of articles selected is published between 2000 – 2022 related to English materials created by the teacher. Fifteen research articles from selected journals are classified based on the classification of the effect and the benefit of creating teacher’s own materials . The study has found that the material that is created by teachers can increase student’s achievement. It also has a lot of benefits for students, teachers and teaching-learning in the classroom. Students can be motivated and get an understanding easily regarding the materials. The study also mentions some considerations and principles to create good materials for learners.
Garcinia Mangostana Pericarp Extract Protection on Reproductive Function of Obese-Diabetic Rats Model
Authors: Nindita Yora , Karlowee Vega , Kesumayadi Irfan , Istiadi Hermawan , Muniroh Muflihatul 
Published: October 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese has been considered a risk factor for male infertility. Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (GMPE) is known to have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GMPE therapy on reproductive function in obese T2DM rats by examining testosterone level, testicular histopathological features, and hs-CRP level.Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months, were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated with a standard diet (NC), high-fat diet (HFD) with GMPE 200 mg/kgBW (obese GMPE control/OGC200), HFD with 45 mg/kgBW STZ-NA (obese-diabetic control/ODC), obese-diabetic rats with GMPE 100 (DG100); 200 (DG200); and 400 mg/kgBW (DG400). STZ-NA was administered after 8 weeks of HFD treatment and followed by GMPE for 8 weeks after T2DM was confirmed. The level of hs-CRP and testosterone were measured in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Testicular histopathological examination was measured after 8 weeks of treatment by using Modified Jonhson Score (MJS) with HE staining.Results: ODC rats significantly showed increased hs-CRP level compared to NC (8.76±0.27 vs 0.30±0.07 ng/mL, P<0.001) and reduced testosterone level and MJS compared to NC (73.69±2.22 vs170.14±1.34 ng/dL, 4.57±0.93 vs 9.87±0.16 MJS, respectively, P<0.001). Testosterone and hs-CRP levels showed a negative and significant correlation (r=-0.974 and P<0.001). On the treatment group, GMPE significantly reduced hs-CRP and increased testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: GMPE effectively protects reproductive function in obese DM rats by increasing testosterone levels and advanced spermatogenesis, as well as decreasing hs-CRP level.
Prognostic Nutritional Index and Systemic Immune-inflammation Index: Possible New Parameters for COVID-19 Severity
Authors: Suyoso Suyoso , Oehadian Amaylia , Khotijah Alfreda Amelia , Marthoenis Marthoenis 
Published: October 2023

Background: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) parameter has been widely used in estimating the severity of COVID-19. In contrast, investigating the role of the Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII) in determining the COVID-19 severity is prospective. This study aimed to investigate the potential of PNI and SII parameters to distinguish the severity of symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 209 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Data were collected from August 2021 to February 2022 in Indonesia's general COVID-19 referral hospital. Demographic and laboratory data, including PNI and SII, were analyzed and compared between the severe and non-severe symptoms of COVID-19 patients. The statistical analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) was conducted to predict the potential of these parameters in distinguishing the COVID-19 severity. Results: More than half of this study's patients (54.55%) were non-severe COVID-19. The SII values in patients with severe symptoms were significantly higher than in those with non-severe symptoms (2445.24 vs. 1423.28, p=0.005). In contrast, the PNI value in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms was significantly lower than those with non-severe symptoms (38.04 vs. 33.93, p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) value of PNI was 0.694, while the SII was 0.635. The optimum cut-off for the PNI was <35,407, while the SII was >2212,787. PNI and SII were the potential new diagnostic parameters for COVID-19 severity. Conclusion: PNI and SII parameters can potentially distinguish the severity of symptoms of COVID-19.
Supercritical transesterification of vegetable oil and ethanol: temperature and residence time effects on phase formation and water content
Authors: Molina Lizeth , Marulanda Victor 
Published: October 2023

Supercritical transesterification has emerged as a readily available alternative for biodiesel production since no catalyst is required, thereby generating fewer waste products. In this research, the supercritical transesterification of refined vegetable oil and aqueous ethanol was carried out at temperatures 400 to 480 °C and a 12:1 ethanol to oil molar ratio, to assess the effect of temperature and residence time in the formation of a homogeneous phase, effluent appearance and increased water content derived from glycerol etherification. The results showed that water was produced at temperatures higher than 400 °C, as expected from the occurrence of glycerol etherification, and that prolonged times resulted in gas and soot formation, indicating esters decomposition. Through water mass balances, it was possible to identify the set of operation conditions in which the water formed from glycerol etherification matched with the maximum expected according to the proposed reaction scheme.
Gender dan Kesadaran Lingkungan Masyarakat Pinggir Sungai Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Herlita Jumi , Andini Yokke , Khaliq Restu 
Published: October 2023

Sebagian besar masyarakat kota Banjarmasin yang tinggal di pesisir sungai masih sangat tergantung pada sungai untuk melakukan berbagai aktivitas sehari-hari seperti mandi, mencuci, memasak serta MCK dan peran perempuan sering dihubungkan atas tugas-tugas domestik yang berhubungan langsung dengan sungai. Namun, diketahui bahwa saat ini kondisi sungai di Kota Banjarmasin masuk dalam kategori tercemar berat. Hal tersebut menarik untuk diteliti yaitu bagaimana kesadaran lingkungan dan relasi gender masyarakat di pesisir sungai kota Banjamasin. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi partisipasif, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat terhadap kondisi sungai saat ini sangat memprihatinkan dan sadar akan bahaya yang ditimbulkan, kebiasaan masyarakat terhadap kebersihan lingkungan diketahui berbeda-beda tergantung SDM yang ada didaerah tersebut, serta relasi gender menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pembagian peran yang adil antara pria dan wanita dalam rangka menjaga kebersihan lingkungan. The majority of the population living along the riverbanks in Banjarmasin city are highly dependent on the river for their daily activities such as bathing, washing clothes, cooking, and defecating. On the other hand, it is known that the river water quality in Banjarmasin is heavily polluted, with the worst pollution coming from toilet waste. It is surprising that the river, which is already polluted, is still being used by the riverbank communities for their daily needs. Based on this, researchers were interested in understanding the perceptions, habits, and extent of environmental awareness and gender relations of the riverbank communities in Banjarmasin. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques such as participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the community's perception of the current condition of the river is very concerning and they are aware of the dangers posed by the pollution. The community's habits regarding environmental cleanliness vary depending on the human resources available in the area. Gender relations show that there is a fair division of roles between men and women in maintaining environmental cleanliness.
EFFICIENCY OF SUPPLEMENTARY OUTPUTS IN SIAMESE NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Melnychenko Artem , Zdor Kostyantyn 
Published: October 2023

In the world of image analysis, effectively handling large image datasets is a complex challenge that requires using deep neural networks. Siamese neural networks, known for their twin-like structure, offer an effective solution to image comparison tasks, especially when data volume is limited. This research explores the possibility of enhancing these models by adding supplementary outputs that improve classification and help find specific data features. The article shows the results of two experiments using the Fashion MNIST and PlantVillage datasets, incorporating additional classification, regression, and combined output strategies with various weight loss configurations. The results from the experiments show that for simpler datasets, the introduction of supplementary outputs leads to a decrease in model accuracy. Conversely, for more complex datasets, optimal accuracy was achieved through the simultaneous integration of regression and classification supplementary outputs. It should be noted that the observed increase in accuracy is relatively marginal and does not guarantee a substantial impact on the overall accuracy of the model.
Patient Preferences and Perceptions of Provider Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Chen Mingda , Strony John T. , Kroneberger Elizabeth A. , Karns Michael R. , Salata Michael J. , Voos James E. , Gillespie Robert J. , Brown Marsalis C. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Orthopaedic surgery in the U.S. historically has been among the least demographically diverse specialties in medicine. Currently, limited data exist on how patients perceive diversity within the field and what patients look for when choosing an orthopaedic surgeon. The purpose of this study was to identify specific patient preferences for surgeon demographics and understand patient perceptions of racial and gender diversity in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods:
Nonconsecutive patients from orthopaedic clinics affiliated with a U.S. academic health system voluntarily completed a 39-item questionnaire that surveyed basic demographic information, perception of diversity, racial and gender preferences during surgeon selection, and perception of health-care inequalities. Bivariate analyses were used to test the association between patient-surgeon demographic variables and ratings of diversity. Multiple regression models were used to identify independent predictors of overall perceived diversity ratings.

Results:
A total of 349 patients (80.6% White, 17.9% Black, and 1.5% other) were analyzed. Black patients were more likely to experience difficulty relating to their surgeon than White patients (11.48% versus 2.29%; odds ratio [OR], 5.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 21.1; p = 0.004). Moreover, Black patients were more likely to perceive racial bias from their surgeon than White patients (5.17% versus 0.37%; OR, 14.44; 95% CI, 1.14 to 766.29; p = 0.02). While the level of racial diversity perceived by White patients (2.57 of 10) was significantly higher than that perceived by Black patients (2.10 of 10) (p = 0.001), the absolute difference between these 2 figures was small, suggesting that both groups perceived racial diversity in orthopaedics to be low. White and Black patients differed in their importance ranking of a surgeon’s race (p < 0.0001): Black patients ranked a surgeon’s race with higher importance (mean, 3.49 of 10) when selecting a surgeon compared with White patients (1.45 of 10). Both male and female patients gave relatively low importance rankings for a surgeon’s gender (mean, 1.58 of 10 and 2.15 of 10, respectively, p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Patients in this study did not perceive orthopaedic surgery as a diverse field (overall diversity rating, <3 of 10). There were significant racial and gender differences in patients’ preferences for specific physician characteristics when choosing an orthopaedic surgeon, which may help explain some instances of perceived racial bias and difficulty relating to their orthopaedic surgeon.
Feasibility Study and LCoE Analysis of Geothermal Energy Production from Depleted Oil Fields and Gas Prospects Onshore Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Bataee Mahmood , Carter Rick , Hamdi Zakaria , Ridha Syahrir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Due to regulators’ determination to address climate change concerns and the necessity for a global CO2 emissions reduction, renewable energy sources are now seen as preferable options. Geothermal energy has a long history of successful deployment and is a proven, dependable, ongoing, sustainable, and adaptable source of renewable energy that has very low CO2 emissions over its project lifetime. However, there are always uncertainties associated with determining realistic ranges for values of the critical subsurface parameters such as geothermal gradients, aquifer size, transmissivity and geochemistry, when choosing an optimal location for geothermal energy extraction. This project focused on the Baram Basin located in the northern part of the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. Reservoir modelling was used to examine the viability of geothermal energy extraction utilizing publicly available analogue data. For both surface and downhole parameters, published data from existing active fields and recent exploration and appraisal efforts are used. In order to explore the economic feasibility for generating electricity from geothermal heat in this basin, various geothermal development scenarios were investigated both with and without injection wells using the reservoir simulation to determine net heat flow to the surface. The study’s findings compare the production’s enthalpy output estimations from simulations and examine how the LCoE is impacted by heat loss of produced fluids to surface. To investigate commercial competitiveness, different economic tools were run and sensitivity analysis was used to examine the major risk factors and indicate the expected thermal energy recovery ranges for profitable projects. The findings indicate that whilst there is significant geothermal potential in this basin, the challenges are to deploy reliable and cost-effective enabling technologies to deliver an economic return for investors.
A Novel and Cost-Effective Dry Friction Reducer Based Slickwater for Unconventional Reservoir Stimulation
Authors: Qi Ziyuan , Huang Tianping , Kalgaonkar Rajendra , AlGhunaimi Fahd 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Slickwater has been the most widely used fracturing fluid in stimulation of unconventional reservoirs. Friction reducers (FRs) are one of the key components in a slickwater formulation, while dry FRs (DFRs) are gaining more attention because of logistical and operational benefits. This study aims to develop a cost-effective DFR based slickwater that dissolves quickly with low chemical dosage for slickwater fracturing.
Hydration time of the DFRs in synthetic brine was measured by viscosity monitoring. The rheological properties were measured using rheometer. Friction reduction performances of the DFR samples were characterized by an industry standard flow loop apparatus. The breakability experiments were conducted at 82°C by mixing breakers with DFR solution, and broken fluid was tested on rheometer and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Flow-back performance of slickwater was estimated using proppant packed chromatographic column. Formation damage evaluation was characterized by measuring core permeability before and after slickwater injection at high temperature.
DFR powder usually contains two times more effective content than liquid friction reducer with same weight, which significantly reduces logistical costs in operation. To tackle the possible lumping of DFR during hydration, a comprehensive evaluation on polymer hydration time was conducted. Viscosity measurements were used to quantitatively compare the hydration time of different DFR samples. An optimum DFR candidate was able to totally dissolve in synthetic brine in less than 2 minutes. The friction reduction can reach up to 75% in 2 minutes for the DFR solutions, and even at a concentration as low as one pound per thousand gallons (pptg). With the addition of flow-back enhancer and polymer breaker, the formation damage of slickwater to core plug is reduced to less than 12%. In the end, one slickwater formulation was developed, with excellent performance in compatibility, viscosity, flow-back percentage, formation damage restoration and friction reduction, which was recommended for field operation.
A novel DFR based slickwater was developed to overcome DFR's hydration and compatibility issues. Analysis on the performance of DFR based chemicals makes this cost-effective slickwater fracturing technology available for field operations.
Evaluation of Polyamidoamine-Assisted Scale Inhibitors to Mitigate Silicate Scale Formation in Near Wellbore Region
Authors: Tan Bee Chea , Saaid Ismail Mohd , Mahat Siti Qurratu'Aini , Zainal Suzalina , Bhaskoro Petrus Tri , Anuar Astriyana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Silicate scaling is a concern that could result in formation damage and flow assurance issue. Phosphonates and phosphino-polyacrylates are widely used to treat many types of scale but they are not intended to treat silicate scale. Besides that, these inhibitors may have been considered as harmful substances due to their reported inherent biodegradability. Synergistic silicate scale inhibitors are current trends since cationic or anionic polymers alone is found not effective for silicate scale inhibition. The objective of this work is to assess the performance of polyamidoamine-assisted scale inhibitors for silicates. The experiment settings are simulating the environment in near wellbore region, such that higher temperatures and brine that is mostly pH neutral. The effectiveness of scale inhibitors is investigated through static bottle test and dynamic scale loop (DSL) test. The scale inhibitors are also characterized to determine their functional groups in aqueous state. The tendency of scale inhibitors to impede silicate polymerization process is also determined through the remaining concentration of monomeric silica in water after 72 hours. FTIR revealed that all scale inhibitors exhibit amine characteristic in water. Experimental results show that the polyamidoamine-assisted scale inhibitor, PAMAM G-2/PteGlu, is the most effective in mitigating silicate scale formation. It reduces scaling brine's turbidity as much as 94.8% after 72 hours at 90°C. In addition, it also minimizes silicate polymerization process by retaining almost half of the initial monomeric silica concentration. This also implies that PAMAM G-2/PteGlu inhibitor could reduce the tendency of silicate scale formation to 46% as compared to 97% of silicate scale formation without any inhibition at 95°C. From DSL test, PAMAM G-2/PteGlu inhibitor is also the most effective inhibitor. It prolongs the scaling time from 7 minutes to 339 minutes at 0.01 g/L inhibitor concentration. It is also 7% more effective than PAMAM G-1/PteGlu inhibitor in DSL test. In general, the performance of scale inhibitors for silicates can be arranged as: PAMAM G-2/PteGlu &gt; PAMAM G-1/PteGlu &gt; PteGlu &gt; PAMAM G-2 &gt; PAMAM G-1 from top to bottom. In this work, these environment-friendly products had demonstrated good silicate scale inhibition as well as synergistic effect. They could offer as alternatives to commercial scale inhibitors.
Risk and Economical Assessment LNG Fuel System Design in Dual-Fuel Engine Conversion on Crude Oil Tanker
Authors: Wisnu Alhakim Agung Pradenta , Bagus Dinariyana Anak Agung , Pratiwi Emmy , Valentia Maria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The shipping industry, both international and domestic, is one of the largest emitters in the world. IMO has made various efforts to reduce the number of emissions the shipping industry generates. MARPOL Annex VI IMO issued a new regulation to reduce the number of emissions from ships. Replacing ship fuel oil with natural gas is one alternative that can substantially reduce the emission produced by ships. Natural gas can reduce CO2 limits by 25-30%, reduce SOx and solid particulate matter (PM) by 100%, and NOx can be reduced by up to 90%. Some have questioned the safety and economic prospects of using natural gas as fuel on ships. Therefore, risk and economic analyses were carried out in this study on converting 63000 GT crude oil tankers into dual-fuel LNG. Converting ship fuel from HFO to LNG means a new design for the fuel system, the P&ID of the LNG fuel system will be designed and analyzed for the fire explosion risks and the economics of the conversion project. The ship's LNG fuel system P&ID design will be carried out using software engineering drawings. The risks will be analyzed using Hazard Operability (HAZOP) from the design. After determining the potential hazard, a quantitative risk analysis using frequency and consequence analysis was conducted. Fault Tree Analysis and Event Tree Analysis methods analyze the frequency of hazards that may arise. The potential hazard will be mapped using modeling software (ALOHA) to determine the impact and consequences that arise from the hazard. The results of this risk analysis will be mapped on the F-N Curve to see each system's risk level. Economic analysis was carried out to determine the length of time the initial investment cost for converting the ship. In the analysis stage, the risk of the fuel system is divided into six nodes. After a frequency analysis, it found that the largest fires in the system are LNG regasification pump with a failure frequency of 4.08.E-03 per year with a Jet Fire, Explosion, and Flash Fire frequency of 8.15.E-04 each, 1.30.E-04; 9.78.E-05. All risks are mapped on the F-N curve, showing that all risk levels are acceptable. For economic analysis calculations on LNG conversion projects, the Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) method determines the return on investment from crude oil tanker conversion projects with ROI obtained for four years with an inflation assumption of 10%.