bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Periodontal Disease‐Associated Bacteria in the “Plaque‐Free Zone”
Authors: Noiri Yuichiro , Ebisu Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2005

Background: Subgingival plaque bacteria live within a biofilm covered with glycocalyx, and little is known of the bacterial species associated with biofilm formation at the bottom of human periodontal pockets, the so‐called “plaque‐free zone”(PFZ).Methods: Seventy‐seven extracted teeth from 56 patients with severe advanced adult periodontitis were examined. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Prevotella nigrescens, and Actinomyces viscosus were examined by scanning immunoelectron microscopic techniques, using both secondary and back‐scattered imaging, with rabbit antibodies specific for each bacteria.Results: Secondary electron images showed that rods, filaments, and spirochete‐shaped bacteria formed small aggregates in the PFZ. Some of the bacteria were covered with an amorphous film‐like structure. By back‐scattered electron imaging, positive reactions with anti‐P. gingivalis were found in 8 of 13 samples examined, and film‐like structures coated several cells of 6 positive samples examined. Labeled cells with anti‐C. rectus, anti‐T. denticola and anti‐P. nigrescens were detected in 3 of 11, 5 of 10, and 1 of 8 samples examined. A. viscosus were found in 6 of 11 of the samples. A. viscosus tended to overlay the amorphous capsula and aggregate. F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans were not detected in any samples examined.Conclusions: These findings indicated that P. gingivalis, C. rectus, T. denticola, P. nigrescens, and A. viscosus were present in the PFZ, and that some specified bacteria were possibly related to plaque‐biofilm formation of subgingival plaque. J Periodontol 2000;71:1319‐1326.
The Deceptive Nature of Root Coverage Results
Authors: Greenwell Henry , Bissada Nabil F. , Henderson Robin D. , Dodge John R. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purposes of this article are to: 1) propose a new method of reporting root coverage data; 2) compare existing root coverage techniques using the proposed data analysis method; and 3) discuss additional refinements to root coverage data analysis. Past studies have equated percent defect coverage with root coverage. This gives deceptive information about the magnitude of the residual recession defect. Defect coverage of 67% could actually amount to 92% root coverage.Methods: The use of mean root lengths will permit the determination of true root coverage data. This should be reported in addition to defect coverage data. Also including frequency data will provide a better assessment of the predictability of the surgical techniques.Results: A comparison table of root coverage studies demonstrates that the connective tissue graft is the most effective and predictable method that has been tested.Conclusions: Further refinements to data analysis may help researchers identify the determinants of predictable root coverage. J Periodontol 2000;71:1327‐1337.
Patterns of Tooth Wear Associated With Methamphetamine Use
Authors: Richards John R. , Brofeldt B. Tomas 
Published: February 2005

Background: Methamphetamine (MAP) abuse is a significant worldwide problem. This prospective study was conducted to determine if MAP users had distinct patterns of tooth wear.Methods: Methamphetamine users were identified and interviewed about their duration and preferred route of MAP use. Study participants were interviewed in the emergency department of a large urban university hospital serving a geographic area with a high rate of illicit MAP production and consumption. Tooth wear was documented for each study participant and scored using a previously validated index and demographic information was obtained using a questionnaire.Results: Forty‐three MAP patients were interviewed. Preferred route of administration was injection (37%) followed by snorting (33%). Patients who preferentially snorted MAP had significantly higher tooth wear in the anterior maxillary teeth than patients who injected, smoked, or ingested MAP (P = 0.005).Conclusion: Patients who use MAP have distinct patterns of wear based on route of administration. This difference may be explained anatomically. J Periodontol 2000;71:1371‐1374.
HLA‐B27 Transgenic Rats Are Susceptible to Accelerated Alveolar Bone Loss
Authors: Tatakis Dimitris N. , Guglielmoni Paola 
Published: February 2005

Background: HLA‐B27 transgenic rats exhibit generalized, severe inflammatory reactions and spontaneously develop arthritis and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, as well as inflammatory lesions in other tissues. Our hypothesis was that HLA‐B27 rats would also be susceptible to inflammatory periodontal disease, and therefore alveolar bone loss. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the naturally occurring alveolar bone loss in HLA‐B27 and wild type rats.Methods: Age‐ and sex‐matched HLA‐B27 transgenic (TG) and wild type Fischer 344 (WT) female retired breeders, and their age‐matched male WT breeding mates, were examined for alveolar bone loss (ABL). Thirty‐eight animals were used: twelve, 20, and 6 animals were 6, 8, and 12 months old, respectively. ABL was measured as the exposed root surface area (mm2) in the defleshed maxilla and mandible.Results: The coefficient of variation for replicate ABL measurements was 4.4%. For the 6‐ and 8‐month age groups, ABL was significantly greater in TG rats compared to WT rats. The observed difference in ABL between TG and WT animals did not reach statistical significance for the 12‐month age group. Within each of the two animal groups (TG and WT), ABL was significantly different between age groups. The ABL rate of TG female rats was 42% to 250% greater than that of WT female rats, depending on the age range examined.Conclusions: HLA‐B27 rats are susceptible to accelerated alveolar bone loss and could serve as an animal model of alveolar bone loss pathogenesis. J Periodontol 2000;71:1395‐1400.
The Fcγ Receptor Genotype as a Risk Factor for Generalized Early‐Onset Periodontitis in Japanese Patients
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuo , Sugita Noriko , van der Pol W‐Ludo , Nunokawa Yasuko , Westerdaal Nomdo A.C. , Yamamoto Kouji , Van De Winkel Jan G.J. , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: February 2005

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptors (FcγR) were recently shown to be associated with recurrence rates of adult periodontitis (AP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether FcγR polymorphisms are also associated with generalized early‐onset periodontitis (G‐EOP) in Japanese patients.Methods: Thirty‐eight Japanese patients with G‐EOP and 83 Japanese patients with AP were identified according to established clinical criteria, including measurements of probing depth, clinical attachment level, and alveolar bone level. FcγR genotypes for 3 bi‐allelic polymorphisms were determined in these G‐EOP and AP patients and 104 race‐matched healthy controls by means of allele‐specific polymerase chain reactions.Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of FcγRIIIb genotypes between G‐EOP patients and healthy controls (P = 0.02). Additionally, a significant over‐representation of FcγRIIIb‐NA2 allele was observed in G‐EOP patients as compared to AP patients and controls (P = 0.02, P = 0.009, respectively). Moreover, we found a strong association between GEOP and the composite genotype comprising FcγRIIIb‐NA2 and FcγRIIIa‐158F (G‐EOP versus controls: odds ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.0‐6.0, X2 = 4.13, P = 0.04).Conclusions: This study indicates that the FcγRIIIb‐NA2 allele and possibly FcγRIIIa‐158F could be associated with susceptibility to G‐EOP in Japanese patients. J Periodontol 2000;71:1425‐1432.
Long‐Term Treatment With Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Exerts No Antibacterial Effect on the Subgingival Microflora Associated With Adult Periodontitis
Authors: Walker Clay , Thomas John , Nangó Sonia , Lennon Jennifer , Wetzel Jeanne , Powala Christopher 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD), 20 mg bid, exerted an antimicrobial effect on the microflora associated with adult periodontitis.Methods: Following the approval of the protocol and informed consent forms by the respective IRBs at the University of Florida and West Virginia University, 76 subjects with adult periodontitis were entered and randomly assigned to receive SDD or placebo. A split‐mouth design was utilized, with each subject receiving subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) in two quadrants immediately following baseline data collection, while the remaining two quadrants were left unscaled (non‐SRP). Microbial samples were collected prior to treatment, after 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment, and after 3 months of no treatment. The samples were examined by microscopy and by enumeration on selective and non‐selective media.Results: All treatments resulted in statistically significant decreases in the proportions of spirochetes and motile rods (P <0.05) and in an increase in the proportion of coccoid forms (P <0.0001) relative to baseline. No between‐treatment differences were detected between the SDD and placebo treatments in either the SRP or non‐SRP design, with the exception of the small and large spirochetal groups. The spirochetal proportions present in the SDD group were significantly lower (P <0.05) than the paired placebo group during the 9‐month treatment and was preceded by a significant decrease (P <0.01) in the proportion of microbiologic sample sites that bled on probing. No betweentreatment differences were detected in any of the other microbial parameters.Conclusion: The microbial differences observed were attributed to the anticollagenase and anti‐inflammatory properties of SDD and not to an antimicrobial effect. J Periodontol 2000;71:1465‐1471.
Long‐Term Use of Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Does Not Lead to Changes in Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Authors: Thomas John , Walker Clay , Bradshaw Mark 
Published: February 2005

Background: Adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) with scaling and root planing leads to improved clinical parameters of adult periodontitis, but has raised questions about potential changes in antibiotic susceptibility of the host microflora. Our four studies assessed whether long‐term SDD changes antibiotic susceptibility of the oral microflora in adults with periodontitis.Methods: In studies 1 and 2, adult patients with periodontitis were randomized to receive SDD 10 mg qd, 20 mg qd, 20 mg bid, or placebo. In study 3, patients were randomized to receive SDD 20 mg bid or placebo. No medication was administered in study 4, a follow‐up to study 3. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline (all studies) and at 12, 15 to 18, and 24 months (study 1); 12, 18, and 27 months (study 2); 3, 6, and 9 months (study 3); and 3 months post‐study 3 (study 4). Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria was assessed by: 1) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels (studies 1 and 2); 2) cross‐resistance to non‐tetracycline antibiotics (studies 2 and 3); and 3) the proportion of doxycyclineresistant isolates (studies 3 and 4).Results: Organism MIC levels remained constant among all treatment groups at 18 and 24 months compared with baseline (study 1). Observed changes in susceptibility at 12 and 18 months for the 20 mg groups were attributed to the limited number of isolates tested (study 1). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of doxycycline‐resistant isolates among treatment groups (studies 3 and 4), and no evidence of multi‐antibiotic resistance (studies 3 and 4) or crossresistance (studies 2 and 3) at any timepoint.Conclusion: Long‐term SDD does not contribute to changes in antibiotic susceptibility. J Periodontol 2000;71:1472‐1483.
Effects of Erbium, Chromium:YSGG Laser Irradiation on Canine Mandibular Bone
Authors: Kimura Yuichi , Yu Da‐Guang , Fujita Akiko , Yamashita Akinori , Murakami Yoshiko , Matsumoto Koukichi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Only relatively few reports have described the morphological effects on bone produced by erbium,chromium: yttrium,scandium,gallium,garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation, and none has investigated the atomic changes or estimated the temperature increases involved. The objectives of this study were to investigate the morphological, atomic, and temperature changes in irradiated areas during and after laser irradiation, and to evaluate the cutting effect on canine mandibular bone in vitro.Methods: Two canine mandibular bones were cut into 3 to 5 cm pieces and irradiated by an Er,Cr:YSGG laser utilizing a water‐air spray at 5 W and 8 Hz for 10 or 30 seconds. During and after laser irradiation, temperature increases in the irradiated areas were measured by thermography. The samples were then observed by stereoscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine morphological changes and by energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy to evaluate atomic alterations.Results: Regular holes or grooves having sharp edges and smooth walls were produced, but no melting or carbonization was observed. The maximum temperature increase was an average 12.6°C for 30‐second irradiation. The continuous time of a temperature increase of more than 10°C was consistently less than 10 seconds. An atomic analytical examination revealed that the calcium:phosphorus ratio was not significantly changed between the lased and unlased areas (P >0.01).Conclusion: These results showed that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser cuts canine mandibular bone effectively without burning, melting, or altering the calcium:phosphorus ratio of the irradiated bone. J Periodontol 2001;72:1178‐1182.
A Sensitive Method for Detecting Porphyromonas gingivalis by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Its Possible Clinical Application
Authors: Nozaki Takenori , Kusumoto Yutaka , Kitamura Masahiro , Hirano Hiroyuki , Kohyama Akira , Hayakawa Mitsuo , Takiguchi Hisashi , Abiko Yoshimitsu , Murakami Shinya , Okada Hiroshi 
Published: February 2005

Background: It is useful for the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis to monitor the colonization of periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal pockets. In this study, we attempted to establish and possibly identify the clinical application of a sensitive method to detect Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), one of the putative periodontopathic bacteria related to chronic periodontitis.Methods: Genomic DNA extracted from cultured P.g. 381 and clinically isolated subgingival plaque samples were used as a template of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We designed primers to amplify the genomic DNA coding 40 kDa outer membrane protein (OMP), one of the unique proteins to all strains of P.g. The efficiency and specificity of amplification were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent Southern hybridization with a digoxygenin‐labeled oligonucleotide probe.Results: Fewer than 100 P.g. bacterial cells in the specimen were reproducibly detected by PCR‐hybridization assay. This PCR‐hybridization assay was at least 100 times more sensitive than the conventional indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF). Furthermore, the imaging analysis showed that there is a linear correlation between the strength of the signal and the cell number of P.g. from which the template DNA was extracted semiquantitatively. It is noteworthy that the PCR assay could also be applied to detect P.g. from clinical plaque samples and that it was approximately 100 times more sensitive than a conventional IIF assay.Conclusion: The PCR assay established in this study can be a powerful tool to detect P.g. in periodontal pockets and monitor the colonization and/or recolonization of P.g. at the very early phase. J Periodontol 2001;72:1228‐1235.
Leptin Within Healthy and Diseased Human Gingiva
Authors: Johnson R.B. , Serio F.G. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Plasma leptin concentrations are reported to be elevated in patients with inflammatory diseases. There is no consensus concerning the biological mechanism for this phenomenon. To date, tissue leptin concentrations have not been assessed within normal or inflamed gingiva. The purpose of this study was to assess concentrations of human leptin within healthy and diseased gingiva to define its possible role in periodontal disease progression.Methods: Healthy (non‐hemorrhagic gingiva adjacent to ≤3 mm gingival sulcus) and inflamed gingiva (hemorrhagic gingiva adjacent to a ≥3 mm periodontal pocket) were studied. Leptin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; to assess potential vascular expansion), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6; to assess periodontal disease activity and severity) concentrations were assessed within solubilized gingival biopsies by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were grouped by sulcular depth and compared by factorial analysis of variance, regression analysis, and Scheffé comparisons.Results: Leptin concentrations were highest within gingiva adjacent to a ≤3 mm sulcus and progressively declined within gingiva adjacent to a ≥3 mm sulcus. VEGF concentrations were highest within gingiva adjacent to 4 to 6 mm pockets and nearly equivalent in healthy (≤3 mm sulcus) and severely diseased gingiva (>6 mm sulcus). IL‐6 was positively correlated and leptin negatively correlated with adjacent probing depth; IL‐6 concentration was significantly higher and leptin significantly lower in gingiva adjacent to >6 mm pockets compared to sites adjacent to <6 mm pockets (P <0.001).Conclusions: Human leptin is present within healthy and marginally inflamed gingiva and decreases in concentration as the adjacent probing depth increases. When leptin concentrations decreased (≥3 mm sulcus), VEGF concentrations increased, suggesting that leptin could be released from gingiva coincident to vascular expansion. Thus, gingiva, in addition to adipose tissue, could be a source of circulating leptin in patients with periodontal disease. This possibility requires further investigation. J Periodontol 2001;72:1254‐1257.
Oral Acanthosis Nigricans as a Marker of Internal Malignancy. A Case Report
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Rubino Ida , Rotundo Roberto , Prato Giovanpaolo Pini , Ficarra Giuseppe 
Published: February 2005

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a rare mucocutaneous condition that can involve the oral tissues. There are 2 clinical forms of AN: benign and malignant. Benign AN is related to systemic diseases such as diabetes and obesity or can be induced by drugs such as systemic corticosteroids, nicotinic acid, estrogens, insulin, and fusidic acid. Malignant AN appears in association with tumors such as lung, ovarian, breast, and gastric carcinoma.Methods: A rare case of malignant AN that initially manifested in the oral cavity of a 73‐year‐old patient is reported.Results: A bladder and lung carcinoma were detected following the diagnosis of AN .Conclusions: The diagnostic importance of oral AN is emphasized because, in our patient, its recognition led to the detection of 2 occult malignant tumors. J Periodontol 2001;72:1271‐1275.
Gingival Overgrowth as the Initial Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Hodgkin's Lymphoma in a Child. A Case Report
Authors: Nicolatou‐Galitis Ourania , Papadaki Theodora , Moshovi Maria , Kamma Joanna J. , Van Vliet‐Constantinidou Cathrine , Tsoumakas Constantine , Kattamis Antonis , Tzortzatou‐Stathopoulou Fotini 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this paper is to present the first case of gingival overgrowth, premature root resorption, and alveolar bone loss, which preceded the diagnosis of a stage IVB Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in a 9‐year‐old boy.Methods: The child presented complaining of gingival pain which first appeared 3 months prior. Clinical examination revealed inflamed, hyperplastic gingivae, while x‐ray showed premature root resorption and alveolar bone loss. Medical work‐up was significant for cervical lymphadenopathy. Gingival biopsy, followed by lymph node resection, was performed twice.Results: Histological examination of both gingival biopsies disclosed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, while classical Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nodular sclerosis type was diagnosed from the second lymph node biopsy. Chemotherapy was instituted with mustard‐vincristine‐procarbazine‐prednizone and adriamycine‐bleomycine‐vinblastine‐dacarbazine. Remission of the lymphoma was observed with concomitant regression of the gingival overgrowth.Conclusions: The inflammatory gingival overgrowth, premature root resorption of deciduous teeth, and alveolar bone loss in this case, in conjunction with the regression of gingival overgrowth which followed the completion of chemotherapy, are strongly indicative of a paraneoplastic manifestation of HL. The postulated mechanism for the development of the manifestation is the constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB. The gingival inflammatory reaction was probably further aggravated by the bacterial‐stimulated cytokine secretion released by monocytes. J Periodontol 2001;72:107‐112.
Detection of Hepatitis C Virus RNA From Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Its Relation to Virus Presence in Saliva
Authors: Matičičr Mojca , Poljak Mario , Kramar Barbara , Seme Katja , Brinovec Vladimir , Meglič‐Volkar Jelka , Zakotnik Branko , Skalerič Uroš 
Published: February 2005

Background: To search for a possible source of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in saliva, the presence and shedding patterns of HCV in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of HCV viremic patients were assessed based on clinical, biochemical, histological, virological, and oral health parameters.Methods: Saliva and GCF samples of 50 HCV viremic patients were collected to detect HCV RNA by a modified commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Clinical oral examination was performed and periodontal status at the collection sites was monitored. The results were correlated to specified parameters.Results: HCV RNA was detected in 59% (29/49) of the GCF specimens and in 35% (17/48) of the saliva specimens. In saliva specimens, HCV RNA was detected only in cases which also had detectable HCV RNA in the GCF samples (P = 0.00002) and was significantly related to the presence of blood in saliva (P = 0.03). Higher, but not significant, values of oral clinical parameters at the sites of fluid collection were found in GCF specimens harboring HCV RNA. In GCF specimens with no blood detected, HCV RNA was more often present in cases with higher plasma viral load (P = 0.05).Conclusions: The results suggest that besides blood, the other most probable source of HCV in saliva is GCF. Unknown endogenous HCV inhibitory mechanisms in the oral cavity may explain the discrepancies in HCV appearance between saliva and GCF. The results provide a biologic basis for further investigation of the role of HCV in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2001;72:11‐16.