bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A possible association between ionizing radiation and pituitary adenoma
Authors: Juven Yoav , Sadetzki Siegal 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the recognition of ionizing radiation as a causal risk factor for a variety of solid tumors (including brain tumors), to date, such an association with pituitary adenoma (PA) has not been demonstrated.METHODSTo evaluate a possible association between past exposure to radiation and the occurrence of PA, the authors reviewed about 4900 medical records of patients who had been irradiated in childhood for tinea capitis. An additional search for patients was performed using the Israel Cancer Registry. The average radiation dose to the pituitary gland was estimated as 0.56 grays, and, for all patients, a meticulous validation of the irradiation was performed.RESULTSA group of 16 patients who developed symptomatic PA after childhood exposure to radiotherapy were identified. Overall, the clinical and demographic characteristics of these patients were similar to other series reported in the literature. There was an apparently high rate of second primary tumors (25%), all of them in the irradiated area, diagnosed among this group. The methodologic issues that limit the demonstration of a possible association between radiation and PA and the epidemiologic and experimental findings in the literature are discussed.CONCLUSIONSIn view of the ample amount of evidence identifying low‐dose ionizing radiation as a risk factor for a number of intracranial tumors as well as for tumors arising in endocrine organs, a radiation immunity of the pituitary gland is difficult to accept. Hence, the authors suggest that this series should be considered as preliminary observation that supports the role of ionizing radiation in the development of this tumor. Cancer 2002;95:397–403. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10667
Radiation‐related cranial nerve palsy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yaoh‐Shiang , Jen Yee‐Min , Lin Jiann‐Chyun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCranial nerve palsy is a rare complication after patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) receive radiotherapy using a technique that delivers 180–200 centigrays (cGy) per day. Cranial neuropathy is of particular clinical interest in terms of making a differential diagnosis, because it is also a common presenting manifestation in patients with NPC. Cranial neuropathy may lead to distressing signs and symptoms in these patients, and their treatment has not been addressed in previous reports. This article presents the authors' experience with radiotherapy‐related cranial nerve palsy in patients with NPC.METHODSNineteen patients were diagnosed with radiation‐related neuropathy. Patients with recurrent tumors or with a suspicion of persistent or recurrent tumors were excluded. Most patients were treated using 180 cGy or 200 cGy per fraction per day. The total dose was 7000–13,000 cGy to the nasopharynx and 5000–9000 cGy to the neck. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis alone and hearing loss were not included in the analysis.RESULTSThere were 15 male patients and 4 female patients. The latency before palsy occurred was 12–240 months. Single nerve palsy developed in four patients, including two patients with hypoglossal palsy and two patients with recurrent laryngeal palsy. Two patients had three nerve palsies each. The other 13 patients presented with 2 nerve palsies each. Vagus and hypoglossal palsy appeared to be a frequent combination and occurred in 11 patients. Overall, there were 17 patients with hypoglossal palsy (7 bilateral, 8 left‐sided, and 2 right‐sided), 11 patients with vagus palsy (2 bilateral, 7 left‐sided, and 2 right‐sided), 6 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (5 bilateral), and 2 patients with accessory palsies (all bilateral). Marked neck fibrosis was present in 12 patients. Patients who had vocal cord paralysis suffered from easy choking and hoarseness. Severe respiratory difficulty occurred in two patients who had bilateral vocal cord palsy. Surgical procedures included laryngoplasty, tracheostomy, and gastrostomy. Quality of life improved considerably after patients underwent surgery.CONCLUSIONSRadiotherapy‐related cranial nerve palsy may occur in patients with NPC after they receive conventional radiotherapy. Hypoglossal nerve palsy was found the most frequently in this series, followed by vagus nerve palsy and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Neck fibrosis and the course of the three nerves through the neck may be important risk factors for the development of palsy. The diagnosis must be made only after the possibilities of tumor‐induced palsy and idiopathic palsy are excluded. Surgery is helpful in improving the quality of life in many patients. Cancer 2002;95:404–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10668
Adult rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Little Darren J. , Ballo Matthew T. , Zagars Gunar K. , Pisters Peter W.T. , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Garden Adam S. , Benjamin Robert S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDChildhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has a relatively good prognosis. Outcome for adults with this disease is poorly documented due to its rarity.METHODSThe clinicopathologic features, treatment methods, and disease outcome were reviewed retrospectively for 82 adults with locoregional RMS treated between 1960 and 1998. Patients with distant metastasis at diagnosis were excluded. Actuarial univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to evaluate outcome.RESULTSPatient ages ranged from 17 to 84 years (median, 27 years). Histologic subtypes were embryonal (34%), pleomorphic (43%), and alveolar (23%). Anatomic sites of origin were head and neck (52%), trunk (26%), and extremity (7%). Tumor size was 5 cm or smaller in 51% of patients. Regional lymph node metastasis was present in 33% of patients at presentation. Treatment consisted of radiation alone in 11%, radiation and surgery in 18%, radiation and chemotherapy in 34%, and all three modalities in 37%. With a median follow‐up of 10.5 years, the 10‐year actuarial disease‐free and overall survival rates were 41% and 40%, respectively. The 10‐year actuarial local, lymph node, and metastatic control rates were 75%, 82%, and 53%, respectively. The major determinant of metastatic control and survival was primary tumor size (≤ 5 vs. > 5 cm). Local control was satisfactory (10‐year rate of 87%) for sites other than parameningeal (50% at 10 years). Patients whose disease responded to chemotherapy had a significantly better metastasis free period (72% at 10 years) than those whose disease failed to respond (19% at 10 years).CONCLUSIONSAdult RMS is a highly malignant tumor with a significant incidence of metastatic recurrence. Continuing investigation of new and potentially more effective chemotherapy is crucial. Local control is satisfactory for sites other than parameningeal where new radiation technologies such as intensity‐modulated therapy may be necessary to safely deliver adequate doses. Cancer 2002;95:377–88. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10669
Contrasts in cancer prevalence in Connecticut, Iowa, and Utah
Authors: Micheli Andrea , Yancik Rosemary , Krogh Vittorio , Verdecchia Arduino , Sant Milena , Capocaccia Riccardo , Berrino Franco , Ries Lynn 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCancer prevalence—the proportion of a population with cancer, including those recently diagnosed, those in treatment, and survivors—is an important indicator of future health care requirements. Only limited information on cancer prevalence is available for the United States. In particular, comparative interstate studies are not available. In this study, we estimate and analyze the prevalence of seven major cancers in Connecticut, lowa, and Utah using the tried and tested PREVAL method applied to National Cancer Institute registry data.METHODSWe analyzed data on 242,851 carcinomas of the stomach, colorectum, pancreas, breast, uterus (corpus), ovary, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), diagnosed in white Americans from 1973 through 1992. Observed prevalence was estimated by applying the PREVAL method to incidence and life status data from the cancer registries. Complete prevalence was estimated by applying correction factors obtained by modeling incidence and survival rates.RESULTSThe ratio of the highest to the lowest prevalence (as proportions) ranged from 1.69 for uterine carcinoma to 2.73 for stomach carcinoma, showing that marked differences in cancer prevalence exist within the United States. Utah had the lowest prevalence for each carcinoma. Connecticut and lowa had similar prevalence levels for carcinomas of the colorectum, pancreas, and ovary and for NHL. Breast carcinoma was the most prevalent, with 826 cases per 100,000 of population in Utah, 1518 per 100,000 in lowa, and 1619 per 100,000 in Connecticut. Cancer survival did not differ greatly among the three registry populations. The major determinants of prevalence differences were incidence and the population age distribution.CONCLUSIONSPREVAL provides reliable estimates of the numbers of living people in a population who have had a cancer diagnosis. Prevalence depends on incidence and survival and on the age structure of population. All these factors have changed markedly in recent years and will continue to do so in the future. Cancer prevalence should be monitored over time to evaluate changes by area, sex, age, and cancer site. The prevalence figures presented are directly comparable with those from European cancer registries. Cancer 2002;95:430–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10675
Clinicopathologic study of 123 cases of prolactin‐secreting pituitary adenomas with special reference to multihormone production and clonality of the adenomas
Authors: Ma Wenbin , Ikeda Hidetoshi , Yoshimoto Takashi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDProlactinoma is the most invasive type of pituitary adenoma and is generally believed to be well‐differentiated adenoma and to produce only prolactin (PRL). The factors related to the various biologic behaviors occurring in patients of different ages and sexes await clarification. Since different immunophenotypes of adenoma may show different biologic behaviors and responses to medical agents, the authors examined hormone production and tried to clarify the clonality of plurihormonal prolactinoma.METHODSClinicopathologic factors were studied in 123 patients with prolactinomas (40 males and 83 females). The specimens were fixed in either 10% neutral buffered formalin or 70% alcohol and used for light microscopy. Alcohol‐fixed tissue was used to extract DNA from 26 samples obtained from female patients for human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) assay.RESULTSSixty one cases (50%) were pure prolactinoma and 62 cases (50%) were plurihormonal prolactinoma. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between age and serum PRL level (P = 0.0002), age and tumor volume (P < 0.0001), and tumor volume and serum PRL level (P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation only between tumor volume and serum PRL level. The Mann‐Whitney U test revealed that prolactinomas associated with higher PRL levels, larger adenomas, and higher ages were significantly more invasive to the cavernous sinus and that male patients had significantly higher PRL levels and larger adenomas. The HUMARA assay disclosed that 11 of 13 plurihormonal prolactinomas (85%) were compatible with monoclonal origin.CONCLUSIONSThe current results suggest that not only can various hormones other than PRL be secreted by prolactinoma, but also that most multihormone‐producing prolactinomas are monoclonal in origin. Cancer 2002;95:258–66. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10676
Randomized trial comparing cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5–fluorouracil (CMF) with rotational CMF, epirubicin and vincristine as primary chemotherapy in operable breast carcinoma
Authors: Cocconi Giorgio , Blasio Beatrice Di , Boni Corrado , Bisagni Giancarlo , Ceci Guido , Rondini Ermanno , Bella Mariangela , Leonardi Francesco , Savoldi Luisa , Camisa Roberta , Bruzzi Paolo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccording to the overview of Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, anthracycline containing regimens are superior to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5–fluorouracil (CMF) as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma, but no comparative information is available in terms of primary chemotherapy. In the current randomized controlled trial, the authors compared CMF with a chemotherapy regimen including CMF, epirubicin, and vincristine (CMFEV).METHODSTwo hundred eleven patients with Stages I and II palpable breast carcinoma and tumor diameter > 2.5 cm or ≤ 2.5 cm with cytologically proven axillary lymph node involvement were randomized to receive CMF (arm A) or CMFEV regimen (arm B) for four cycles before surgery. After surgery, patients in both arms received adjuvant CMF for three cycles; the postmenopausal patients also received tamoxifen for two years.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the complete response (CR) and in the CR plus partial response (PR) rates between the two arms. In the subset analysis, among premenopausal patients, significantly higher rates of CR (26% vs 4%,P= 0.004) and of CR + PR rates (80% vs 54%,P= 0.007) were observed in the CMFEV, as compared to the CMF arm. Multivariate analysis confirmed the presence of a significant interaction between menopausal status and type of treatment on the probability of achieving CR (P= 0.02) or CR + PR (P= 0.01). There were no major differences in the side effects of the two treatments, with the exception of more frequent alopecia in the experimental arm.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study are in line with those of previous published randomized clinical trials comparing regimens without and with anthracycline as adjuvant treatment, indicating an agreement between the short term response to primary chemotherapy and the long term results observed in the adjuvant setting. Cancer 2002;95:228–35. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10678
Adult attachment style and core beliefs: are they linked?
Authors: Platts Helen , Tyson Mary , Mason Oliver 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBowlby's attachment theory has had considerable impact on research in developmental psychology. Despite this, its relation to other literature and application to clinical practice have been poorly exploited. This paper seeks to outline the current conceptualization of adult attachment styles, and explore the evidence for a link between attachment style and psychopathology in adulthood. The paper also provides a review of the cognitive research on the beliefs people hold in relation to their attachment style. Furthermore, the importance of building on this theoretical and empirical base to examine the connections between adult attachment style and schemas is highlighted. The last part of the review explores how attending to both the concepts of attachment style and schema may contribute to developing clinical practice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachment of neutrals during tandem mass spectrometry of sulfonic acid dyes andintermediates in an ion trap
Authors: Weisz Adrian , Andrzejewski Denis , Fales Henry M. , Mandelbaum Asher 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeveral positional isomers of 2‐(2‐quinolinyl)‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione mono‐ and disulfonic acids prepared as reference materials for development of analytical methods involved in FDA certification of D&C Yellow No. 10 (Quinoline Yellow) were found consistently to show [MH + 14]+ ions when their electrospray‐ or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐prepared MH+ ions were subjected to collisional activation. The source of these ions was found to be the methanol used as solvent in these procedures which combined with their [MH − H2O]+ ions under chemical ionization conditions. The reaction was found to be sensitive to their isomeric and chemical structures and other examples of this process are reviewed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping and sequencing of cardiolipins from Geobacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a by positive and negative ion nanoESI‐QTOF‐MS and MS/MS
Authors: Beckedorf Anke I. , Schäffer Christina , Messner Paul , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the course of systematic studies on surface layer (S‐layer) glycoproteins of bacilli, the chloroform/methanol extract from whole cells of Geobacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a has been submitted to MS analysis. Glucosylated cardiolipins were found as minor components of the total lipid and phospholipid mixture by de novo identification. After purification of the crude extract using a combined column chromatography/2D TLC protocol, structural investigations of components in the lipid fraction by high resolution ESI‐QTOF MS analysis provided evidence about homologous molecules attributable to the cardiolipin species containing a glycosylated backbone, and about a diversity of ester‐linked fatty acid substituents. In comparative studies by positive and negative ion nanoESI‐QTOF‐CID‐MS, maps of cardiolipin molecular ions were obtained, followed by MS/MS of the most abundant species, to provide structural details of D‐glucopyranosylcardiolipin and the fatty acid substituent patterns. Experiments of the parent ion scan type revealed the presence of fatty acid moieties as isobaric combinations, represented in single molecular ion species. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A capsule review of recent studies on the application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese medicinal herbs
Authors: Cai Zongwei , Lee F. S. C. , Wang X. R. , Yu W. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChinese herbal medicine is gaining increasing popularity worldwide as an alternative approach to the development of pharmaceuticals in therapeutic applications. Chemical characterization and compositional analysis of Chinese medicines provide the necessary scientific basis for the discovery and development of new drugs of natural origin. Applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese herbal medicines have been growing rapidly in recent years owing to the rapid technical advances and increasing availability of the instrumentation. This paper reviews the current status of how different mass spectrometric techniques are being used to support research studies of Chinese medicines. The focus is on crude herbal medicines and their derived products. The review is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather to provide a general overview of the various research activities in this rapidly expanding field. In the discussion of specific herbs, the emphasis is placed on ginseng and Danshen, two of the herbs for which active experimental work is on‐going in the authors' laboratories. Other selected herbs will be discussed only briefly, aiming primarily to illustrate the current status of research in the area. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural cells derived from adult bone marrow and umbilical cord blood
Authors: Sanchez‐Ramos Juan R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUnder experimental conditions, tissue‐specific stem cells have been shown to give rise to cell lineages not normally found in the organ or tissue of residence. Neural stem cells from fetal brain have been shown to give rise to blood cell lines and conversely, bone marrow stromal cells have been reported to generate skeletal and cardiac muscle, oval hepatocytes, as well as glia and neuron‐like cells. This article reviews studies in which cells from postnatal bone marrow or umbilical cord blood were induced to proliferate and differentiate into glia and neurons, cellular lineages that are not their normal destiny. The review encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies with focus on experimental variables, such as the source and characterization of cells, cell‐tracking methods, and markers of neural differentiation. The existence of stem/progenitor cells with previously unappreciated proliferation and differentiation potential in postnatal bone marrow and in umbilical cord blood opens up the possibility of using stem cells found in these tissues to treat degenerative, post‐traumatic and hereditary diseases of the central nervous system. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric analysis of neural stem cells in the developing and adult mouse brain
Authors: Murayama Ayako , Matsuzaki Yumi , Kawaguchi Ayano , Shimazaki Takuya , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDespite recent progress in the neural stem cell biology, their cellular characteristics have not been described well. We investigated various characteristics of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vivo during CNS development, using FACS to identify the NSCs. We first examined stage‐dependent changes in the physical parameters, using forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) profiles, of NSCs from the developing striatum, where they appear to be active throughout the life of mammals. NSCs were divided into several fractions according to their FSC/SSC profile. With development, their number decreased in the FSChigh fractions but increased in the FSClow/SSChigh fraction, whereas NSCs were significantly concentrated in the fraction containing the largest cells (about 20 μm in diameter) at any stage, which were mostly the cells with the highest nestin‐enhancer activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, at all stages examined, the “side population” (SP), defined as the Hoechst 33342 low/negative fraction, which is known to be a stem cell‐enriched population in bone marrow, was also enriched for Notch1‐positive immature neural cells (about 60%) from the developing striatum. However, these immature SP cells were not detected in the large‐cell fraction, however, but were concentrated instead in the FSClow/mid fractions. FACS analysis showed that SP cells from adults were included to some extent in the CD24low/PNAlow fraction, where NSCs were greatly concentrated. Collectively, the characteristics of NSCs were not uniform and changed developmentally. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transplantation of in vitro‐expanded fetal neural progenitor cells results in neurogenesis and functional recovery after spinal cord contusion injury in adult rats
Authors: Ogawa Y. , Sawamoto K. , Miyata T. , Miyao S. , Watanabe M. , Nakamura M. , Bregman B.S. , Koike M. , Uchiyama Y. , Toyama Y. , Okano H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeural progenitor cells, including neural stem cells, are a potential expandable source of graft material for transplantation aimed at repairing the damaged CNS. Here we present the first evidence that in vitro‐expanded fetus‐derived neurosphere cells were able to generate neurons in vivo and improve motor function upon transplantation into an adult rat spinal‐cord‐contusion injury model. As the source of graft material, we used a neural stem cell‐enriched population that was derived from rat embryonic spinal cord (E14.5) and expanded in vitro by neurosphere formation. Nine days after contusion injury, these neurosphere cells were transplanted into adult rat spinal cord at the injury site. Histological analysis 5 weeks after the transplantation showed that mitotic neurogenesis occurred from the transplanted donor progenitor cells within the adult rat spinal cord, a nonneurogenic region; that these donor‐derived neurons extended their processes into the host tissues; and that the neurites formed synaptic structures. Furthermore, analysis of motor behavior using a skilled reaching task indicated that the treated rats showed functional recovery. These results indicate that in vitro‐expanded neurosphere cells derived from the fetal spinal cord are a potential source for transplantable material for treatment of spinal cord injury. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.