bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Yoga on Mild to Moderate Hypertension
Authors: Arpith M.N  
Published: January 2024

Background
This study is undertaken to see whether practice of yoga can help in reducing hypertension which is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease and also to check whether it can act as an adjunct to pharmacotherapeutic treatment in mild to moderate hypertension.
Objective
(1) To study the effect of selected asanas and pranayam on mild to moderate hypertension. (2) To study the socio-demographic profile among the study subjects.
Materials and method
The present study was conducted among 80 hypertensive patients trained in yoga at S-VYASA, Mysuru and 80 control group of hypertensive patients not practicing yoga attending Dept of cardiology, KR Hospital, Mysuru. The parameters assessed were Pulse Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure. They were measured at baseline (before start of yoga), at 12 weeks and 24 weeks of intervals.
Results
The data was analyzed using paired and unpaired t test. Pulse rate, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were observed between yoga and control group. Statistically significant reduction were observed in Pulse Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure among yoga practitioners (p<0.001). These changes in blood pressure are probably due to reduced stress and decreased sympathetic activity attributable to Yoga.
Platelet Count and its Correlation with Blood Sugar Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Jabir PK  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is defined as a complex disease with chronic hyperglycemiaand is a global public health problem; the long-term sequelae of which are long-term macrovascular and microvascular complications. Studies show role of hematological indices especially platelet indices in contributing to the vascular injury in diabetic patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine platelet indices and their correlation with fasting blood glucose levelin type 2 DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.
Method
A retrospective study was conducted at DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala, India from Istof January 2018 to 31st of June. A total of 238 participants (119 cases and 119 healthy controls) were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data is retrieved from Medical Records Department. Parameters are lab investigation values those are already done on patients who came to DM WIMS. FBS was estimated using (Cobasintegra 400 plus) automated clinical chemistry analyzer and hematological parameters using fully automated (Sysmex XT-1800i) analyzer. Independent sample t-test. The sample size required to study the correlation is 90 at 5% level of significance and 80% power assuming the population correlation to be. 3 (moderate correlation). The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 15.0 version. After checking for normality Pearson's or Spearman correlation analysis is carried out to study the correlation. A P-value, 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Result
There was no significant correlation between platelet indices, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width in the diabetic patients.
Conclusion
Even though previous study showed statistically significant difference in platelet indices of diabetic patients compared to controls in our study there is no such statistical significance. Further studies should be done in large population.
A Comparative Study of Pulmonary Function Test in School Children of Industrial Area and Non Industrial Area
Authors: Kashyap Keshav  
Published: January 2024

Background
Pulmonary function test is an important tool in the diagnosis, assessment and management of respiratory diseases in adults and older children. The main objective was to study the pulmonary function test in school children of industrial and Non industrial area.
Method
The study was carried out in a school of industrial area i.e., Advani Arlicon Higher secondary School, Urla Road, Birgaon and a school of Non Industrial area i.e., Vivekananda Higher Secondary School, Mana Camp of Raipur city from April to August 2012.. The subjects were evaluated through pulmonary function test by using Spirometry method. A total of 400 subjects aged between 11–18 years were included. For the study Permission from Institutional Ethics Committee was obtained. Initially informed individual consent was taken from all the patients included in the study.
Results
When Mean FEV1 (in liters) for Males in Cases was compared with Controls, p value was found to be <0.0001. When Mean FEV1 (in liters) for Females in Cases was compared with Controls, p value was found <0.0001. When PEFR (in liters/Sec) for Males in Cases was compared with Controls, p value was found to be 0.0290. When PEFR (in liters/Sec) for Females in Cases was compared with Controls, p value was found to be 0.3117.
Conclusion
To conclude, the problems are diverse, but it is important to keep close control over pollutants. Some preventable strategies need to be taken for acceptable environment for the future generations.
Conventional Method to Evaluate Autonomic Functions in Obese Type–II Diabetics
Authors: Satish Kosuri  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
The efficiency and functional status of autonomic activity can be assessed by using the simple noninvasive tests for effective diagnosis of autonomic imbalance in various diseases. The obesity and diabetes mellitus are the leading clinical conditions which deviates the autonomic tone and affects homeostasis. This study had objective of investigating alterations in sympatho vagal balance in obese type II diabetes mellitus.
Method
The autonomic function tests were done in thirty obese diabetic adults and 30 non obese adults aged between 30–50 years. All the procedures were performed in the morning after their light breakfast in a less noise and illuminated room.
Results
The results showed all autonomic function tests are statistically significant except valsalva manoeuvre. Trend in decrease in these variables in obese diabetes were suggestive of decreased efficiency of autonomic balance.
Conclusion
Therefore, early detection of functional impairment of autonomic changes and its appropriate management is the only means by which the morbidity and mortality can be reduced.
Comparison of Pulmonary Function Tests among Females and Males Working at Construction Sites
Authors: NeeraGoel, NirajYadav, PN Singh  
Published: January 2024

Gender related differences in respiratory disorders have been documented. Respiratory disorder are seen in exposure to various types of occupational health hazards such as gases, fumes, inorganic and organic dusts which have risk factors in developing occupational lung diseases. Workers engaged in building and construction work are at risk of developing impaired lung function due to exposure to high level of dust generated at the construction site.
Aim
The aim of the study is to assess the gender related differences in pulmonary function test due to exposure at construction site to dust particle.
Materials and Method
The pulmonary function test was studied in 110 female construction workers and 110 male construction workers. The subjects were matched for age, height and weight. The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) measured by simple spirometer and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) by Wright, peak flow meter and results were compared by Student's unpaired t test.
Results
the pulmonary function tests show significant decrease in observed FVC in female and male workers in group 3, 4 & 5, and %FVC in female worker in group 4 & 5 while in male worker in group 3, 4 & 5. Significant decrease in PEFR in construction workers (female in group 4, 5, and in male 2, 3, 4, 5) in % PEFR in construction workers (female in group 3, 4, 5and male in group 2, 3 4, 5). Obstructive type of lung impairment was seen in female construction worker after 9years while in male worker before 9 years and development of restrictive type of lung impairment was observed in female after 15years and in male after 9 years.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the present study it may be concluded that male construction worker develop early impairment of pulmonary function in comparison to female construction workers.
A Study of Correlation Between Blood Groups and Anemia in Young Adults
Authors: Reshmarani, Shilpa N., Subhash Chimkode  
Published: January 2024

Anaemia is a global nutritional problem common in developing countries. Most common type of anaemia is iron deficiency anaemia. Anaemia can be corrected by giving iron supplements and vitamins, but it has its own side effects when given on long term. So, this study aims to know whether there is any relation between blood group and occurrence of anaemia, so that preventive measures can be taken to combat anaemia in individuals who are more prone to it.
Methodology
The study is conducted on 198 MBBS students (males and females) who are in the age group of 18–25 years in Bidar institute of medical sciences, Bidar. Blood sample is taken using finger prick, under aseptic conditions and blood group is determined using glass slide method using antisera A, B and D. Hemoglobin concentration is estimated using Sahli's method.
Results
In our study we found that students with blood group B (24%)are more prone for anemia, followed by O (16%), AB (10%) and blood group A (8%). Blood group A almost resistant to anemia.
Conclusion
We can conclude that regular intake of iron and vitamin supplements could be suggested to the individuals who are more susceptible to anemia based on their blood groups.
Construction of nonlinear constitutive relations for elastic anisotropic materials
Authors: Христич Д.В. 
Published: January 2024

Сформулирована постановка обратной термомеханической задачи, состоящей в определении отклика в виде деформаций анизотропного упругого тела на процесс нагружения и изменения температуры в случае конечных деформаций. Решение термомеханической задачи выполнено в рамках обобщений частного постулата изотропии А.А. Ильюшина на случай конечных деформаций анизотропных тел. На основе термодинамического потенциала Гиббса построены нелинейные определяющие соотношения в виде, разрешённом относительно деформаций.
The inverse thermomechanical problem, which consists in determining the response in the form of deformations of an anisotropic elastic body to the process of loading and temperature changes is formulated in the case of finite strains. The thermomechanical problem is solved within the framework of generalizations of the particular postulate of isotropy by A.A. Ilyushin for the case of finite strains of anisotropic bodies. On the basis of the Gibbs thermodynamic potential, nonlinear constitutive relations are constructed in the form resolved with respect to strains.
Investigation of the elastic limit of a thin adhesive layer of a composite under normal separation loading
Authors: Богачева В.Э. 
Published: January 2024

Исследуется деформирование под действием нормального отрыва композитной пластины, состоящей из двух консолей, связанных адгезионным слоем в состоянии плоской деформации. Из общей вариационной постановки с учетом теории Миндлина—Рейсснера получена постановка в дифференциальном виде. Исследуется аналитическое решение, полученное при комплексных корнях характеристического уравнения системы дифференциальных уравнений второго порядка. Используя критерий Треска—Сен-Венана, найдено значение внешней нагрузки, соответствующее пределу упругости и началу пластических деформаций в адгезионном слое.
Deformation under the action of normal separation of a composite plate consisting of two consoles connected by an adhesive layer in a state of flat deformation is investigated. From the general variational formulation, taking into account the Mindlin—Reissner theory, a differential formulation is obtained. An analytical solution obtained with complex roots of the characteristic equation of a system of second-order differential equations is investigated. Using the Tresca—SaintVenant criterion, the value of the external load corresponding to the elastic limit and the onset of plastic deformations in the adhesive layer was found.
On a method of constructing nye figures for asymmetric theories of micropolar elasticity
Authors: Мурашкин Е.В. 
Published: January 2024

В настоящей работе процедура построения двумерных фигур Ная модифицируется для асимметричных матриц и применяется для представления определяющих псевдотензоров демитропных микрополярных упругих континуумов. Указанные матричные представления используются для упрощения тензорной записи уравнений анизотропных тел. Метод матричного представления Ная позволяет изобразить тензоры и псевдотензоры четвертого и второго рангов в виде своеобразных двумерных фигур. Получена матричная форма асимметричных определяющих уравнений демитропного микрополярного упругого тела. Основное изложение статьи проводится в декартовой прямоугольной системе координат в терминах инвариантного элемента объема.
In this work, the process of constructing two-dimensional figures is modified for asymmetric matrices and is used to represent the defining pseudotensors of demitropic micropolar elastic continua. The specified matrix representations are used to simplify the tensor representation of the material of anisotropic bodies. This method allows us to represent tensors and pseudotensors of the fourth and second ranks in the form of peculiar two-dimensional figures. A matrix form is obtained that defines the basis of a demitropic micropolar elastic body. The main presentation of the article is carried out in a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system.
Attitudes Toward Injury-Prevention Program Participation Based on Race and Collegiate Division in Female Athletes
Authors: Gabriel Emily H. , White Brandi M. 
Published: January 2024

Context
Injury-prevention programs (IPPs) have been effective in reducing lower extremity injury rates, but user compliance plays a major role in their effectiveness. Race and collegiate division may affect attitudes toward participation in IPPs and compliance in female collegiate athletes.

Objective
To compare attitudes toward IPPs based on race and collegiate division.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Survey.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 118 female collegiate athletes (age = 19.71 ± 1.47 years, height = 169.46 ± 9.09 cm, mass = 69.57 ± 11.57 kg) volunteered.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Participants completed the Health Belief Model Scale and the Theory of Planned Behavior Scale (TPBS) on 1 occasion. The Health Belief Model Scale contains 9 subscales (perceived susceptibility, perceived consequences, fear of injury, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, community-led self-efficacy, individual self-efficacy, general health cues, external health cues), whereas the TPBS has 5 subscales (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived social norms, social influence, intention to participate). The independent variables were race (White versus Black, Indigenous, and other people of color [BIPOC]) and National Collegiate Athletic Association division (I and III). Mann-Whitney U tests were used to detect differences in attitudes toward IPP participation based on race and collegiate division.

Results
White female athletes perceived fewer TPBS barriers to participation in IPPs (P = .003) and more community-led self-efficacy when compared with BIPOC female athletes (P = .009). Division I athletes perceived a greater fear of injury (P = .002) and more general health cues (P = .01) than Division III athletes.

Conclusions
For lower extremity IPPs, BIPOC and Division III female collegiate athletes may need different implementation strategies. Individuals who identify as BIPOC may benefit from interventions focusing on solutions for common barriers to participation and improving community-led self-efficacy, and Division III athletes may benefit from interventions focusing on education related to the risk of injury and general preventive health behaviors.
The predictive role of computed tomography with oral contrast in the successful management of adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors: Khattab Mohamed , Ayad Amr , Aziz Sameh , Alaa Peter , Grace Marie N. , Saber Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Background
Adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) stands out as one of the most frequent and clinically significant complications following abdominal surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the role of computed tomography (CT) with oral contrast media in guiding treatment and predicting the success of conservative treatment in patients presenting with adhesive SBO.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective study that was conducted on adult patients who were clinically and radiologically proven to have SBO and had a history of at least one previous abdominal surgical intervention. The included patients underwent CT examination of the abdomen and pelvis with oral contrast. Patients who had the oral contrast seen reaching the right colon were admitted and completed conservative management. Surgical intervention was indicated in patients who showed failure of treatment with oral contrast.

Results
This study included 70 patients, of whom 29 (41.4%) had contrast in the right colon during CT examination after the first oral contrast administration. The remaining patients (n=41, 58.6%) indicated a second oral contrast CT study after 24 h. Sixteen (22.9%) patients had nonresolving obstructions and underwent surgical intervention. Overall, 52 (74.3%) patients were successfully treated with oral contrast studies, with no subsequent morbidity. Significant predictors for surgical intervention were a history of more than one previous surgical intervention (OR=6.08, CI: 1.75–21.14, P=0.005) and nonpassage of contrast to the right colon in the CT study (OR=0.099, CI: 0.029–0.341, P<0.001).

Conclusion
This study highlights the clinical relevance of CT with oral contrast studies in guiding management. A history of multiple previous surgeries and nonpassage of the oral contrast to the right colon emerged as a significant predictor for surgical intervention.
Incidence of COVID-19 in general surgery emergency and complications associated in different types of management
Authors: Elhawary Ramy Y. , Nashed George A.F. , Milad Nader M. , Mekkawy Mohammed , Ghobashy Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2024

Background
COVID-19 disease causes complications that are classified according to likelihood to high such as venous thromboembolism, acute kidney injury, and postintensive care syndrome. Other complications are low in likelihood such as cytokine release syndrome, pancreatic injury, gastrointestinal complications, and pregnancy-related complications. Mortality and morbidity are really high when it is combined with surgical intervention especially under general anesthesia.

Objectives
To evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 in general surgery emergency and complications associated in different types of management.

Patient and method
This is a retrospective study from June 2020 to January 2021 including all COVID-19 positive cases admitted in general surgery department during previously mentioned period. Before September 2020, screening for COVID was based on swab for only clinically suspected COVID-positive patients. Starting from September 2020, routine swab to all admitted patients was done. All data collected about included cases in study underwent statistical analysis to get results.

Results
In this study, incidence of COVID-19 is 1.35%, mortality incidence is 26.4% (about 92.9% of mortality cases underwent surgery) and morbidity incidence is 30.2%. About 74% (73.6%) of positive cases improved and discharged. Management of cases is according to guidelines of management to each disease and decision of ER consultant. About 77.4% of cases are managed surgically; about 70.7% of cases operated upon underwent exploration. However, 60.4% of cases are admitted with sepsis and septic shock. Asymptomatic cases for COVID during admission are 26.4%.

Conclusion
Incidence of COVID-19 in acute general surgery emergency in Kasr Al-Ainy is not that high. However, cases operated upon in the era of COVID are associated with high incidence of mortality. Cases are presented to our institute late, which might be an effect of lock down.
Pleurectomy versus pleural abrasion in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Salaheldin Abugabal Abdelfatah E.M. , ElDewer Mostafa A. , Mostafa Ahmed , El Nori Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Background
A prevalent clinical issue that can affect people of any age is pneumothorax. Depending on the degree of cardiorespiratory impairment, the severity of the symptoms, and the size of the pneumothorax, the course of treatment might range from conservative to surgical. In this study, we examined the risks of pneumothorax recurrence in individuals with spontaneous pneumothorax using the pleural abrasion and pleurectomy procedures.

Patients and methods
We did a randomized controlled trial involving 80 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. Patients were randomly allocated to undergo video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery bullectomy with mechanical pleurodesis; pleural abrasion, or pleurectomy. We compared the incidence of recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax as a primary outcome, postoperative drainage amount, hospital stay, and mortality as our secondary outcome in both groups. This trial is listed on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05407974.

Results
There were two cases of recurrence of pneumothorax in the pleurectomy group and no recurrence in the pleural abrasion group with P value of 0.152. The drainage amount was higher in the pleurectomy group with mean 230.00±75.79 ml than the abrasion group with mean 192.50±65.58 ml (P=0.020). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards hospital stay (P=0.556), there were no cases with hospital mortality in both groups.

Conclusion
Mechanical pleurodesis performed with bullectomy as a technique to reduce the recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax has proven its efficiency in our study. Despite pleurectomy group showed increase in the drainage amount postoperatively compared with pleural abrasion. There was no difference in the recurrence rates, hospital stay, and in hospital mortality in both groups. Our conclusion does support the adoption of mechanical pleurodesis in patients undergoing bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax whether by pleurectomy or pleural abrasion.