bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a deep understanding of the biomass fractionation in respect of lignin nanoparticles formation
Authors: Xu Jiayun , Liu Rui , Wang Luyao , Pranovich Andrey , Hemming Jarl , Dai Lin , Xu Chunlin , Si Chuanling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, lignin-based nanomaterials have become increasingly relevant for researchers and producers of functional material applications due to their green and sustainable nature. However, there is still a challenge in controlling fabrication of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs). In the current study, we explored an environmentally friendly sequential hot water extraction with accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) to obtain a lignin-based fraction for the controllable production of LNPs. The lignin-based fractions are obtained from both Norway spruce heartwood (HW) and sapwood (SW) after sequential hot water extraction followed by separation with XAD 8 resin column and desorption with methanol (methanol fraction, MF). LNPs were successfully prepared from HWMF and SWMF with different physicochemical properties using acetonitrile/water binary solvent in an ultrasonic bath only within 1 min. The size of LNPs increased with the severity of wood ASE extraction, which is related to the reduction of β-O-4 bond, the increase of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the decrease of aliphatic hydroxyl groups in MF. However, no direct relationship between the size of LNPs and molar mass as well as carbohydrate content was found. The controllable preparation of LNPs was directly dependent on the ASE extraction conditions without complex chemical modification. This study presents a green method for controllable preparation of LNPs and provides a promising new value-added valorization pathway for lignin-based fractions (including lignin and lignin carbohydrate complex) from wood hot water extraction.
Existence and Blow-up of solutions for Stochastic Modified Two-component Camassa-Holm System
Authors: Lv Wujun , Huang Xing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the modiﬁed two-component Camassa-Holm System with multiplicative noise. For these SPDEs, we ﬁrst establish the local existence and pathwise uniqueness of the pathwise solutions in Sobolev spaces Hs×Hs, s > 3/2 . Then we show that strong enough noise can actually prevent blow-up with probability 1. Finally, we analyse the eﬀects of weak noise and present conditions on the initial data that lead to the global existence and the blow-up in ﬁnite time of the solutions, and their associated probabilities are also obtained.
Progressive Collapse on Asymmetrical Reinforced Concrete Frames Under Corner Column Removal
Authors: Prakash M. , SATYANARAYANAN K , Parthasarathi N. , THIRUMURUGAN V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Abnormal loadings such as a gas explosion, blast, vehicle impact, support failure, design, or construction errors. All these loads and inertial effects due to the loading rate may cause the loss of one or more load-bearing elements, which causes progressive collapse. Progressive collapse happens whenever a member, or structure members, fail. This key member or section's isolated failure then starts a series of events that cause the structure to fail fully or partially. However, the process of column failure plays an important role in redistributing the internal load and preventing a progressive collapse of the structure. This paper used an experimental study of progressive collapse of a 1/6th scaled-down three-dimensional two-bay five-storey bare and infilled asymmetrical reinforced concrete frame under the corner column removal. Initially, both bare and infilled frames are tested under 50% working loading condition, and after that, the specimen is tested under the ultimate load of the bare and infilled frame. At 50% working load, the maximum vertical displacement for the bare frame is 6.78mm, and the infilled frame is 2.73mm. The development of Infilled frame is identified as a redistribution of loads in this structure.
SGLT2i relieve proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy patients potentially by inhibiting renal oxidative stress rather than through AGEs pathway
Authors: Zeng Xiao-chun , Tian Yuan , Liang Xian-ming , Wu Xiao-bin , Yao Chun-meng , Chen Xiao-min 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aims
To estimate the effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on proteinuria and oxidative stress expression in type 2 diabetes patients.
Material and methods
68 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into three groups according urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), including T2DM with non-albuminuria group (UACR < 30mg/g), T2DM with microalbuminuria group (30 ≤ UACR ≤ 300mg/g), T2DM with macroalbuminuria group (UACR＞300mg/g). They all received SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) treatment for 12 weeks. The expression of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in plasma and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine were measured as indications of oxidative stress. The 24-hour urine samples were collected to measure the concentration of proteinuria and 8-OHdG before and after 12 weeks SGLT2i treatment. Plasma renin activity (PRA), Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) and Aldosterone (ALD) were measured to evaluate renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RASS) levels.
Results
After 12 weeks SGLT2 inhibitors treatment, the median values of 24-hour proteinuria decreased in macroalbuminuria compared to baseline (970 vs. 821 mg/d, P = 0.006). The median values of AGEs and 8-OHdG decreased in microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups when compared to baseline, AGEs (777 vs. 136 ug/ml, P = 0.003) and (755 vs. 210 ug/ml, P = 0.001), 8-OHdG (8.00 vs. 1.88 ng/ml, P = 0.001) and (11.18 vs. 1.90 ng/ml, P < 0.001), respectively. Partial correlations showed that 8-OHdG were highly relevant to the baseline 24-h proteinuria (r = 0.389, p = 0.001), The reduction of OHdG (Δ8-OHdG) were positively correlated with the decrease of proteinuria (Δ24-h proteinuria) after 12 weeks of SGLT2i treatment (r = 0.283, P = 0.031). There was no significant correlation between 24-h proteinuria and AGEs in baseline (r=-0.059, p = 0.640) as well as between ΔAGEs and Δ24-h proteinuria (r = 0.022, p = 0.872) after12 weeks of SGLT2i treatment in T2DM patients.
Conclusions
SGLT2i may reduce proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy patients, potentially by inhibiting renal tubule oxidative stress, but not through the AGEs pathway and does not induce RAAS activation.
Trial registration This clinical trial was registered on 15/10/2019, in ClinicalTrials.gov, and the registry number is NCT04127084.
“Can’t Take the Pressure?”: Examining the Challenges of Blood Pressure Estimation via Pulse Wave Analysis
Authors: Mehta Suril , Kwatra Nipun , Jain Mohit , McDuff Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of observed wearable sensor data (e.g., photoplethysmograms [PPG]) to infer health measures (e.g., glucose level or blood pressure) is a very active area of research. Such technology can have a significant impact on health screening, chronic disease management and remote monitoring. A common approach is to collect sensor data and corresponding labels from a clinical grade device (e.g., blood pressure cuff) and train deep learning models to map one to the other. Although well intentioned, this approach often ignores a principled analysis of whether the input sensor data have enough information to predict the desired metric. We analyze the task of predicting blood pressure from PPG pulse wave analysis. Our review of the prior work reveals that many papers fall prey to data leakage and unrealistic constraints on the task and preprocessing steps. We propose a set of tools to help determine if the input signal in question (e.g., PPG) is indeed a good predictor of the desired label (e.g., blood pressure). Using our proposed tools, we found that blood pressure prediction using PPG has a high multi-valued mapping factor of 33.2% and low mutual information of 9.8%. In comparison, heart rate prediction using PPG, a well-established task, has a very low multi-valued mapping factor of 0.75% and high mutual information of 87.7%. We argue that these results provide a more realistic representation of the current progress toward the goal of wearable blood pressure measurement via PPG pulse wave analysis.
Research on the influence of comprehensibility and interpretability of false privacy empowerment clues on privacy disclosure - Based on the perspective of cognitive load and immediate construction
Authors: Sun Rui , Zhu Qiuhua , Cheng Ru Xia , Tang Wenlong , Zuo Jiajia , Lv Dong , Qin Shukun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the era of artificial intelligence, false privacy empowerment has become a crucial means for digital enterprises and platforms to "manipulate" users and create an illusion of control. It has also become an urgent and pressing topic for current research. However, existing studies have been limited in their perspectives and methodologies, making it challenging to fully explain why users express concerns about false privacy empowerment but repeatedly disclose their personal information. This study combines the APE model and cognitive load theory, using event-related potential (ERP) technology to investigate the underlying mechanisms of how the comprehensibility and interpretability of false privacy empowerment cues affect users' immediate attitudes and privacy disclosure behaviors, mediated by different psychological processing and cognitive load. The behavioral research results indicate that in the context of low comprehensibility of false privacy empowerment cues, users are more inclined to disclose their privacy when faced with high interpretability compared to low interpretability. The EEG results show that in the context of low comprehensibility of false privacy empowerment cues, high interpretability induces higher P2 amplitudes compared to low interpretability; low interpretability induces higher N2 amplitudes compared to high interpretability. This study extends the scope of the APE model and cognitive load theory in the field of privacy research, providing new insights into privacy attitudes. It offers a valuable framework for digital enterprises to gain a deeper understanding of users' genuine privacy attitudes and immediate reactions under false privacy empowerment situations. This understanding can help enhance user privacy protection and improve the overall online experience, making it highly relevant and beneficial.
Hygiene practice and diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Myanmar: A cross- sectional study
Authors: Soe Than Kyaw , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Sornlorm Kittipong , Mahato Roshan Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: Over 1.7 billion instances of diarrheal illness in children are reported worldwide yearly. Diarrhea was a major cause of death in children, accounting for 9% of all global underfive child deaths in 2019. The objective of this study was to identify the association between hygiene practices and childhood diarrhea among children under five years of age in Myanmar.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 townships from 8 states and regions of Myanmar. 1207 children between the ages of 6 and 59 months were recruited by multistage random sampling. Data were collected with a preformed questionnaire after participants provided consent. Multiple logistic regressions were administered to determine the factors associated with childhood diarrhea.
Result: This study found that 86 (7.13%) underfive children experienced diarrhea disease. This study identified that children who received limited hygiene services were 2.85 times (AOR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.31 to 6.21; p value 0.01) and children without hygiene services were 2.63 times (AOR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.89; p value 0.01) more likely to have diarrhea disease than children with basic hygiene services. Father’s handwashing less than four steps (AOR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.29 to 3.74; p value 0.01), need for more than 15 minutes to collect water (AOR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.97; p value 0.03), sharing toilet usage (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.15 to 3.48; p value 0.01), mother’s inadequate and problematic hygiene promotion health literacy (AOR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.24 to 3.90; p value 0.01), houses with bamboo or not having floors (AOR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.38 to 3.89; p value 0.01), three or more children families (AOR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.79; p value 0.05) and breastmilk as primary food after 6 months of age (AOR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.09 to 3.93; p value 0.03) were other associated factors.
Conclusions: Accessing basic hygiene services, getting water at home twenty-four seven, using one’s own toilet without sharing with others, promoting hygiene health literacy, improving house floor, family planning and eating varieties of food after age 6 months could be helpful for diarrhea prevention among children under five years old in Myanmar.
Higher risk of disease progression in the grey zone relative to inactive Chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Xue Yunling , Wang Guorui , Liu Xiaoqing , Tang Qiao , Qiu Yue , Wang Jingsong , Zhang Jing , Zeng Yi , Peng Mingli , Hu Peng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background & aims：
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a global healthcare burden. Inactive CHB(IC) is the commonest immune state. However, there are some patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and HBeAg negativity that cannot be clearly defined by the guidelines, which called the Grey zone corresponding to IC(GZIC). There is still confusion about the evolution of disease progression in the GZIC. So we aimed to study the natural history and antiviral treatment of IC and GZIC.
Method
This was a retrospective-prospective cohort study that included 300 patients with stage IC and GZIC. Conversion to HBeAg-negative immune-active CHB (IA) and IA corresponding grey zone (GZIA), initiation of antiviral therapy, and occurrence of end-stage liver disease events were defined as outcome events. The cumulative incidence of outcome events in the IC and GZIC groups was compared.
Results
At baseline, 201 (67.00%) patients were IC and 99 (33.00%) were GZIC.18.9% of the 300 patients with IC and 46.4% of the patients with GZIC converted to IA or GZIA.30(10%) received antiviral therapy, of which 22 (77.3%) were patients with GZIC and 8 ( 22.7%) were IC patients. Nine (3%) developed end stage liver disease of which seven (77.78%) were GZIC and two (22.22%) were IC. The cumulative event rates for conversion to IA or GZIA, initiation of antiviral therapy, and occurrence of end-stage liver events were higher in GZIC than in IC (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0018).
Conclusion
Patients with GZIC have a higher risk of disease progression than those with IC.
Antipsychotic Prochlorperazine Restrains Bladder Cancer Growth by Regulating cell proliferation and SRC-MEK-ERK Pathway
Authors: Lu Xiongbing , Mei Jiaqi , Hu Chao , Li Jing , He Yuanqiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The high incidence of bladder cancer and inconvenient life quality prompt us to find new therapeutic candidates. Prochlorperazine, mainly as an effective sedative, antiemetic reagent, was shown to exhibit anti-cancer activity in several studies, putting it up as a therapeutic candidate for bladder cancer. Network pharmacologic approaches is a high valuable tool in predicting rational drug targets within disease signaling module. Network based protein-protein interactome prediction, GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that prochlorperazine might affect bladder cancer growth through multiple signaling pathways. Cellular function experiments revealed that prochorperazine inhibited cell proliferation in several bladder cancer cell lines and in vivo mouse xenograft test confirmed its significant inhibition effect on BC. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that prochlorperazine treatment markedly modulated the expression and phosphorylation levels of MAPK1（ERK2）、MAP2K1（MEK1）and SRC, showing the possible molecular mechanism via the SRC-MEK-ERK pathway in BC cancer. These studies indicated the potential inhibitory impact of prochlorperazine and provided new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatments of BC.
Assessment of the capacity of health facilities in preventing and managing non- communicable diseases in selected regions of Somaliland
Authors: Ojo Opeolu O. , Hersi Omar O , Falobi Ayodele A , Ali Nura , Tan Lawrence , Ali Yusuf 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The recently published Somaliland Demographic and Health Survey indicated a growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Somaliland. However, evidence about the capacity of the capacity of Somaliland’s health system for effective management of NCDs is limited.
Methods
A previously validated questionnaire based on the World Health Organisation Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Intervention for Primary Health Care (WHO-PEN) was used to survey seven hospitals selected from Togdheer and Maroodi Jeeh regions of Somaliland. The survey focused on assessing the capacity of selected hospitals in detecting and managing NCDs by collecting data on the availability of health workers, equipment, screening and management services, medications, and laboratory tests. The impact of location, level of care provided and source of funding on the capacity of hospitals was assessed.
Results
This study observed shortage of essential health workers and lack of workers with specialist knowledge across all hospitals surveyed. Higher average number of doctors in urban (4.3-fold, P < 0.001), referral centres (3.1-fold, P < 0.001) and public (3.1-fold, P < 0.001) hospitals compared to rural, general, and private hospitals respectively. A similar trend was observed for the number of nurses across the different category of hospitals. All hospitals have adequate quantity of functional basic equipment, but advanced diagnostic facilities were generally lacking. Where available, they were either not functional or there is a lack of expertise for effective utilization. Laboratories are across all hospitals categories were sufficiently staffed but there is a need for training in cutting edge diagnostic procedures. Imaging and laboratory services were observed as major cost drivers of NCDs expenditure. All hospitals surveyed have access to first line NCD medicines, lack community engagement activities, and have guidelines and referral systems that need updating. Imaging and laboratory services were observed as major cost drivers of NCDs expenditure.
Conclusion
Though there are differences in the capacity of hospitals assessed, none of the hospitals met the WHO-PEN standard for human resources, equipment, and medicines for effective NCDs management. Interventions to train specialist health workers and laboratory technologists, procure advanced equipment, and update guidelines and referral systems in Somaliland are needed.
Seasonal Variation of Biochemical Biomarkers in Decapod Crustaces to Assess the Environmental Quality of the Perequê River Mangrove
Authors: Dias Samille Conceição , Barcarolli Indianara Fernanda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the present study, the analysis of seasonal variations in biomarkers of neurotoxicity (Acetylcholinesterase) and the antioxidant system (catalase and glutathione-s-transferase) in the crustaceans Callinectes sapidus and Aratus pisonii collected in the mangrove of the Perequê river was carried out, to evaluate the environmental quality of this ecosystem. Collections were carried out in different seasons of the year. The tissues sampled were gills, hepatopancreas and nerve ganglion. The results indicated high levels of catalase and acetylcholinesterase mainly in autumn, in contrast, in this period there was a significant decrease in the enzyme glutathione-s-transferase, assuming a higher concentration of contaminants in this period. Furthermore, the results suggest possible signs of environmental degradation, which could cause damage to the health of local biota. In this way, the data presented in this study provide support to the scientific community regarding the health of the studied environment, and can assist in monitoring and managing the site.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction between Aqueous Humor and Implantable Collamer Lens
Authors: Gao Le , Yin Haiguo , Jiang Huili , Sun Weidong , Cui Haihang , Chen Li , Ma Bo , Wu Li'an 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) stability under the action of intraocular aqueous humor (AH), consider the influence of different parameters on both, and quantify the threshold of ICL deformation.
Methods
The numerical Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) method was used to calculate the AH flow field and the deformation of the ICL. This paper considers the effects of different gravity directions and intraocular temperature differences on AH flow and ICL deformation.
Results
Implantation of the ICL changes the distribution of the AH, and more than 90% of the AH flows into the anterior chamber (AC) through the central hole of the ICL. The average velocity of the AH is highest when looking flat, reaching 2.59e-2mm/s, which is about 3.5 times higher than when looking up and down. The greater the temperature difference within the eye, the higher the average AH flow rate. The maximum deformation of the ICL occurs at its central hole, which is in the order of e-4mm. The deformation of the ICL reaches a maximum of 5.41e-4mm in the downward view, which is four times and 1.7 times that in the upward and flat views, respectively. The influence of intraocular temperature difference on the deformation of ICL is about e-4mm. The amount of ICL deformation was negatively correlated with the average pressure generated by AH.
Conclusion
ICL implantation is a safe and effective way to correct myopia. Patient posture and ambient temperature had little effect on the deformation of the ICL.
The West African Productivity Growth Conundrum: A Case of Structural Burden or Growth Stagnation?
Authors: Karimu Suale 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Productivity growth is lagging in most sub-Saharan African countries. This paper examines the productivity growth conundrum in West Africa over the period 1991–2015. The paper employs a shift-share decomposition of sectoral labour productivity growth and a stochastic frontier model of total factor productivity growth to examine the evolution of aggregate productivity growth in the countries. The results indicate that structural burden is a major contributor to the low real productivity growth in the countries. Labour has reallocated to low productive sectors or sectors with less capacity to induce strong sectoral productivity growth. Increased sectoral shares of labour negatively impact real labour productivity growth, meaning growth stagnation could continue in the broad sectors. Total factor productivity growth is also generally low across the countries which may be attributed to inefficiencies in sectoral production.
JEL classification: O40; O00; O55