bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dia Shoma (Mali), a medieval cemetery in the inner Niger delta
Authors: Zeitoun V. , Gatto E. , Rougier H. , Sidibé S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to compare burial typology from Dia Shoma medieval cemetery (Mali) with previously documented funerary practices of the inner Niger delta in order to expand our knowledge of the mortuary rituals once practised in this region. Considering archaeological resources from an anthropological viewpoint provides us with new information about human migration, settlement, cultural affiliation and way of life. From this point of view, especially for the period between 800 and 1000 AD, Dia Shoma offers much insight into the history of this cultural melting pot. Dia Shoma is of particular interest in regards to migration in the Western Sahara region. The burials of Dia Shoma have been characterized by morphometrical features as well as associated funeral practices. The different types of burials that coexist at Dia Shoma indicate a region of cultural diversity. Along with the existence of different kinds of tombs, an increase in various archaeological remains lends evidence towards a community co‐occupied by herders, fishermen and farmers. The change in the association of funerary practices around 1000 AD could be interpreted as an indirect disturbance to the former socio‐economic trade and cultural exchange, possibly triggered by the fall of the Empire of Ghana under the influence of the Almoravides. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bridging the gap between forensic anthropology and osteoarchaeology—a case of vascular pathology
Authors: Pinheiro J. , Cunha E. , Cordeiro C. , Vieira D. Nuno 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe report on two cases of similar bony lesions and emphasize the importance of cooperative work between forensic anthropology and forensic pathology. A fairly well preserved cadaver of an old woman was autopsied by a forensic team at the National Institute of Forensic Medicine in Portugal. Although age at death and sex were easily determined, there was insufficient other evidence for personal identification. However, the female revealed severe and extensive lesions in both lower legs and these were useful for determining personal identity.Here we describe the pathological findings, consistent with venous chronic insufficiency. The woman's family subsequently confirmed she suffered from this condition. Furthermore, they informed us of varicose ulcers, which also were suspected by the ties found, in both her legs, during autopsy. A long history of venous chronic insufficiency was subsequently found in her medical records.We compare these forensic findings to the bony pathologies of a male skeleton from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection not previously diagnosed.We argue that these two cases represent the same pathological condition. Without the medical forensic work, the skeletal remains of the second case might not have been positively identified. The benefits of cooperative work between medical and anthropological forensic specialists are reinforced leading to resolution of otherwise unidentified skeletal pathological conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Del(18p) syndrome with increased nuchal translucency in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Kim Young‐Mi , Cho Eun‐Hee , Kim Jin‐Mi , Lee Moon‐Hee , Park So‐Yeon , Ryu Hyun‐Mee 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe report a de novo translocation between chromosome 15 and 18 resulting in monosomy 18p in prenatal diagnosis. The patient was referred for amniocentesis due to increased nuchal translucency (INT) (5 mm) at 13.6 weeks of gestation. Karyotype of the fetus revealed 45,XX,der(15;18)(q10;q10) in all metaphases. The targeted fetal ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestation did not show any special physical abnormalities other than 6.4 mm of nuchal fold thickness. Molecular cytogenetic findings using CGH and FISH confirmed the del(18p) with dicentromeres from both chromosome 15 and 18. The present study shows that the INT at first trimester was the only prenatal finding for the fetus with del(18p) syndrome and that molecular cytogenetic methods are useful for detecting chromosomal aberrations precisely. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal serum and amniotic fluid levels of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 in Down syndrome and chromosomally normal pregnancies
Authors: Wallace Euan M. , Marjono Budi , Brown David A. , Crossley Jennifer , Tong Stephen , Aitken David , Breit Sam 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo measure maternal serum and amniotic fluid levels of macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 (MIC‐1) in Down syndrome and normal pregnancies, assessing the utility of MIC‐1 as a prenatal marker of Down syndrome.MethodsStored serum from 64 Down syndrome and 399 control pregnancies, collected at 8 to 17 weeks of pregnancy, and stored amniotic fluid from 17 Down syndrome and 53 controls, collected at 15 to 19 weeks of pregnancy, were retrieved for analysis. MIC‐1 was measured using an established in‐house ELISA, blinded to sample type.ResultsIn maternal serum, MIC‐1 levels are not altered in Down syndrome in either the first or second trimester. Levels, expressed as median (95% CI) multiples of the median (MoM), in the Down syndrome cases and controls were 1.07 (0.9–1.1) MoM and 1.0 (0.95–1.03) MoM respectively. In amniotic fluid, MIC‐1 levels were significantly decreased compared to controls, 0.52 (0.44–0.64) MoM versus 1.0 (0.85–1.08) MoM (p < 0.0001).ConclusionMIC‐1 is decreased in amniotic fluid but not in maternal serum in Down syndrome pregnancies. MIC‐1 will not be useful as a prenatal marker of Down syndrome. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of correcting for smoking status when screening for chromosomal anomalies using maternal serum biochemistry and fetal nuchal translucency thickness in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Spencer Kevin , Bindra Renu , Cacho Anna Maria , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking status on maternal serum free β‐hCG, PAPP‐A and fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation in a large cohort of women screened prospectively for chromosomal anomalies.MethodsInformation on maternal cigarette smoking status, maternal age, maternal serum biochemical marker levels and fetal NT were collected from the prenatal screening computer records in two OSCAR screening centres. Data was available from 32 730 unaffected pregnancies and from 124 with Down syndrome. Statistical analysis of the marker levels in the smoking and non‐smoking group were carried out. The impact on false‐positive rate of correcting for smoking status was assessed from a modelling exercise.ResultsPrevalence of smoking was significantly affected by maternal age with an overall incidence of 11.5%, which varied from 35% in women under 20 to 7% in women over 35. In the unaffected population, the median free β‐hCG MoM was significantly lower in the smoking group (0.97 vs 1.00) as was that for PAPP‐A (0.84 vs 1.02). The standard deviation of the log10 MoM free β‐hCG was lower in the smoking group and that for PAPP‐A was higher in the smoking group. The difference in median marker levels did not seem to be related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. In the group with Down syndrome, the median MoM free β‐hCG was not significantly different in the smokers (1.69 vs 1.86) as was that for PAPP‐A (0.53 vs 0.57). Fetal delta NT was not significantly different in the unaffected smokers (0.11 vs 0.0 mm) or in those with Down syndrome (1.96 vs 2.25 mm). In the smoking group, when screening using maternal serum biochemistry and age alone, the false‐positive rate was 6.17%, compared to 4.67% in an age‐matched group of non‐smokers. Correcting for smoking status by dividing the measured MoM by the median found in the smoking group resulted in the false‐positive rate falling to 4.40%. When screening using NT, maternal serum biochemistry and age, the false‐positive rate in smokers was 4.48%, which reduced to 3.46% after correction—in line with the 3.76% in the non‐smoking group. The impact on detection rate was too small to be accurately measured.ConclusionsThe impact of smoking on first‐trimester biochemical marker levels does not seem to be dose related. Whilst correcting first‐trimester biochemical markers for maternal smoking status has little impact at the population level for detection rates, a considerable reduction in false‐positive rate can be achieved, reducing the level to that seen in non‐smokers. However, the effect on the individual patient‐specific risk can be substantial and could certainly make a difference to the patient's decision on whether to have an invasive test. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The three‐vessel and tracheal view of the fetal heart: an in utero sonographic evaluation
Authors: Zalel Yaron , Wiener Yifat , Gamzu Ronni , Herman Arie , Schiff Eyal , Achiron Reuven 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo establish a nomogram for fetal cardiac three‐vessel view diameter changes during gestation.MethodsThe study is a prospective cross‐sectional evaluation of 338 male and female fetuses between 14 and 38 weeks of normal singleton pregnancies. Measurements of fetal pulmonary artery, aorta and superior vena cava diameters, performed on a transverse view of the upper mediastinum were conducted using transvaginal ultrasonography between 14 to 18 weeks and transabdominal after 19 weeks' gestation.ResultsAdequate measurements of the three cardiac vessels were obtained in 338 fetuses. The regression equations for vessel diameters modeled as function of gestational age were pulmonary artery diameter (mm) = −2.275 + 0.273 × gestational age (week), aorta diameter (mm) = −1.77 + 0.227 × gestational age (week), and SVC diameter (mm) = −0.98 + 0.142 × gestational age (week). The correlation coefficients between gestational age and the diameter of the vessels were, r = 0.93, r = 0.93 and r = 0.86 for pulmonary artery, aorta and SVC respectively (all found to be highly statistically significant, p < 0.0001). The normal mean and 90% prediction limits were defined.ConclusionOur data present the normal range of fetal heart three‐vessel diameters during gestation. They may allow intrauterine assessment of their development and an adjunct in the detection and evaluation of great vessel pathology. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The thick heterogeneous (jellylike) placenta: a strong predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: Raio Luigi , Ghezzi Fabio , Cromi Antonella , Nelle Mathias , Dürig Peter , Schneider Henning 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo present a series of cases with a sonographic thick and heterogeneous placenta, and to review the literature.MethodsA series of 16 cases were analyzed. A heterogeneous placenta was defined as a thick placenta with a patchy decrease of echogenicity, which quivered like jelly to sharp abdominal pressure. A comprehensive morphologic and Doppler evaluation of the fetus and the uteroplacental circulation was performed. The pregnancy course and the neonatal outcome of the present series and of those reported in the literature were reviewed.ResultsPlacental thickness was greater than the 95th centile in all cases. The placenta was located laterally in 13 (81.3%) cases. Twelve women delivered earlier than 34 weeks either spontaneously or because of deteriorating maternal and/or fetal conditions (n = 10). Perinatal death occurred in eight cases. The uterine artery Doppler and the umbilical artery were abnormal in eight and eight cases respectively. A discordancy between the umbilical artery size was present in six cases. Abruptio placentae occurred in three cases. A strong association between hypertensive disorders and fetal growth restriction was found in our series and in literature.ConclusionsThe sonographic presence of thick heterogeneous placenta is strongly associated with an adverse pregnancy outcome and often with perinatal death. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Favourable outcome of a tight constriction band secondary to amniotic band syndrome
Authors: Sentilhes L. , Verspyck E. , Eurin D. , Ickowicz V. , Patrier S. , Lechevallier J. , Marpeau L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAmniotic band syndrome or amniotic disruption complex is a well‐known congenital limb abnormality, which occurs in 1 in 1200 to 1 in 15 000 live births. In cases of an isolated band constriction, it has been speculated that the bands lead to decreased blood flow in the constricted limb and subsequent natural amputation. Fetal surgery could be considered in these situations in order to release the constriction band in threatened limb amputation. We present a case of a tight constriction ring secondary to amniotic band syndrome with a favourable outcome, despite the failure of an attempted surgical procedure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis and management of sex chromosome aneuploidy: a report on 98 cases
Authors: Brun Jean‐Luc , Gangbo Flore , Qi Wen Zon , Galant Katia , Taine Laurence , Maugey‐Laulom Brigitte , Roux Denis , Mangione Raphaelle , Horovitz Jacques , Saura Robert 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the management of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) and the factors influencing genetic counselling and parental decision.MethodsBetween 1991 and 2001, 73 non‐mosaic fetal SCA were diagnosed in our centre and 25 were referred to us from outside institutions. The same geneticist carried out genetic counselling. The outcome of pregnancies and the termination trend over time were determined according to the type of SCA. Clinical parental data were analysed in order to assess whether they influenced genetic counselling.Results45,X was diagnosed in 41 fetuses. The main indication for karyotyping was abnormal ultrasound (83%). The termination rate was 93%. Sex chromosome polysomies (SCP) including 47,XXY, 47,XXX, and 47,XYY were diagnosed in 31, 16, and 10 fetuses respectively. The main indication for karyotyping was advanced maternal age (60%). The termination rate was 32, 25, and 20% respectively. The difference between the termination rate for local cases (25%) and referred cases (33%) was not significant. The termination rate for pregnancies with SCP was 38% in 1991 to 1994, 34% in 1995 to 1998, and 12% in 1999 to 2001. The parents' characteristics did not influence the outcome of pregnancy.ConclusionsThe relatively low termination rate (28%) in pregnancies where the fetus was affected by SCP and the decreasing termination trend over time in our centre suggest an improved knowledge of the pathological conditions associated with SCP, influencing genetic counselling. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sialic acid–deficient invasive trophoblast antigen (sd‐ITA): a new urinary variant for gestational Down syndrome screening
Authors: Sutton Jaime M. , Cole Laurence A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundInvasive trophoblast antigen (ITA), also known as hyperglycosylated hCG, is a glycosylation variant of hCG produced by invasive cytotrophoblast cells. Publications show that ITA is potentially a sensitive test for Down syndrome screening, reportedly detecting 38 and 80% of cases at a 5% false‐positive rate in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy respectively. ITA has six oligosaccharides varying greatly in terminal sialic acid content (0–19 residues), leading to wide‐charge heterogeneity. With the objective of developing an improved Down syndrome screening test, we examined the charge, or sialic acid variants, of ITA.MethodsTwenty urine samples were collected from the 16th to 18th week of gestation from 10 patients with trisomy 21 fetuses, demonstrated by karyotype analysis, and from 10 patients with normal karyotype pregnancies. Proteins in each sample were separated by preparative isoelectric focusing. Fractions were collected, pooled into the pl ranges of 3.0 to 4.0, 4.1 to 5.0, 5.1 to 6.0 and 6.1 to 7.0 and assayed for ITA.ResultsA difference in the distribution of ITA charge variants was demonstrated between cases and controls, most apparent in the less acidic (pl 5.1–7.0) range. The controls and Down syndrome samples contained 26.7 ± 14% versus 45.6 ± 20%, respectively, of the less acidic form of ITA (P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe ITA in Down syndrome cases is composed of a much higher proportion of less acidic ITA. This could be the major source of elevated levels of ITA in Down syndrome pregnancies. It is postulated that the development of a new assay specifically measuring ITA that is deficient in sialic acid might enhance the utility of the already highly sensitive screening tests for Down syndrome. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two unusual chromosome aberrations ascertained by sonographic anomalies
Authors: Bourthoumieu Sylvie , Esclaire Francoise , Terro Faraj , Fiorenza Maryse , Eyraud Jean‐Luc , Servaud Michel , Cantaloube Muriel , Fermeaux Veronique , Yardin Catherine 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe describe two cases of sonographic abnormalities associated with unusual chromosomal aberrations. Case 1 presented with a cystic hygroma at 12 weeks' gestation. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an unbalanced complex chromosome rearrangement implicating chromosomes 6, 13 and 21 (karyotype: 47,XX,t(6;21;14)(q14;q21;q21)mat,+21) and corresponding to a complete trisomy 21. This anomaly resulted from malsegregation of a maternal balanced three‐way translocation. For case 2, an alobar holoprosencephaly was identified by ultrasonography at 23 weeks' gestation. Chromosomal analysis showed a recombinant rec (13), dup q chromosome, secondary to unequal crossing‐over of a paternal pericentric inversion of chromosome 13, giving rise to partial trisomy 13q (karyotype: 46,XX,rec(13)dup(13q)inv(13)(p11q21)pat). These two cases illustrate the role of ultrasound in leading to detection not only of foetal chromosomal aberrations but also of rare balanced chromosomal rearrangements presented by one of the two parents. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of “controversial” children: An exploration of teacher and parent social behavior rating scale datasets
Authors: Hill Diane K. , Merrell Kenneth W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe term “controversial” has been used in the professional literature to describe children and adolescents who have the seemingly paradoxical quality of being both socially skilled and antisocial. Although there have been some widely influential studies regarding controversial children and youth, there has been relatively little research in this area, and the general construct is not well understood. This study addressed the lack of knowledge of characteristics of controversial children and youth through careful descriptive analysis of large, national norming samples from two social and antisocial behavior rating scales. Two experimental subscales were created to represent the characteristics associated with being controversial. Possible cutoff scores for each subscale were investigated to best reflect the criterion developed to represent the controversial construct, and the specific characteristics of the obtained samples were carefully analyzed. Results of this preliminary exploration indicated that (a) the percentage of children and adolescents who fit the characteristics of the controversial criterion are quite small, (b) two thirds of those identified as controversial were boys between the ages of 10 and 14, and (c) a greater number of girls were identified when data from home and community settings rather than school settings were analyzed. Implications of the results for future research and educational/clinical practice are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 497–507, 2004.
Self‐regulation empowerment program: A school‐based program to enhance self‐regulated and self‐motivated cycles of student learning
Authors: Cleary Timothy J. , Zimmerman Barry J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis article describes a training program, Self‐Regulation Empowerment Program (SREP), that school professionals can use to empower adolescent students to engage in more positive, self‐motivating cycles of learning. It is a two‐part approach whereby self‐regulated learning coaches (SRC) (a) use microanalytic assessment procedures to assess students' self‐regulation beliefs and study strategies and (b) train students to use these strategies in a cyclical, self‐regulation feedback loop. Ultimately, students learn how to set goals, select and monitor strategy effectiveness, make strategic attributions, and adjust their goals and strategies. The program was developed from social‐cognitive theory and research and integrates many of the essential features of the problem‐solving model. Interventions used in the SREP include graphing, cognitive modeling, cognitive coaching, and structured practice sessions. A case study is presented to illustrate procedures for implementing the program. Implications for school psychologists and teachers also are presented and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 537–550, 2004.
Knowledge about Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A comparison of in‐service and preservice teachers
Authors: Kos Julie M. , Richdale Amanda L. , Jackson Mervyn S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAttention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder, yet relatively little research has assessed teachers' knowledge of this disorder or how teacher characteristics affect such knowledge. There also is a dearth of research comparing in‐service and preservice teachers' knowledge about ADHD. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the relationships between various teacher characteristics and teachers' knowledge about ADHD, and (b) to compare perceived and actual ADHD knowledge across in‐service and preservice primary‐school teachers. Participants included 120 primary‐school teachers and 45 final‐year education undergraduates who were asked to complete a questionnaire. Two of the five hypotheses were supported: (a) that knowledge would be significantly correlated with experience in teaching a child with ADHD and (b) that in‐service teachers would obtain higher scores than preservice teachers on the actual knowledge (about ADHD) questionnaire. Implications stemming from this research include ensuring that teachers receive more training about ADHD and greater exposure to students with ADHD in the classroom. Overall, this study highlighted that deficits in teachers' knowledge about ADHD are common for both in‐service and preservice teachers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 517–526, 2004.
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN FOSTER CARE: IMPEDED OR IMPROVED?
Authors: Evans Larry D. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFoster care's impact on academic development was investigated for 392 students reentering foster care. Psychoeducational evaluation was performed at initial and return placements. Average achievement increased .22 points between placements. Students reentering care did not show differences in achievement or IQ compared to control students with a single placement. Although average achievement showed a small increase between placements, some students showed large changes. Declining achievement was directly related to above‐average initial achievement ( p < .001), and indirectly related to not being in special education ( p < .001) and nonminority race ( p < .02). Results provide evidence that overall academic development appears neither enhanced nor hindered by foster care placement, but specific groups may be at risk for poor gains. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 527–535, 2004.