bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining exotic dark matter models with the dark ages 21-cm signal
Authors: Mondal Rajesh , Barkana Rennan , Fialkov Anastasia 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The dark ages 21-cm signal is a powerful tool for precision cosmology and probing new physics. We study two non-standard models: an excess radio background (ERB) model (possibly generated by dark matter decay) and the millicharged dark matter (mDM) model. These models were inspired by the possible EDGES detection of a strong global 21-cm absorption during cosmic dawn, but more generally they provide a way to anticipate the potential discovery space. During the dark ages the 21-cm global signal in the ERB model reaches a saturated form for an amplitude Ar = 0.4, where Ar is the radio background intensity at cosmic dawn relative to the cosmic microwave background. This amplitude is one fifth of the minimum required to explain the EDGES signal, and corresponds to just 0.1 per cent of the observed extragalactic background; it would give a signal that can be detected at 5.9σ significance (compared to 4.1σ for the standard signal) and can be distinguished from the standard (no ERB) signal at 8.5σ, all with a 1000 h global signal measurement. The 21-cm power spectrum has potentially more information, but far greater resources would be required for comparable constraints. For the mDM model, over a range of viable parameters, the global signal detection significance would be $4.7-7.2\, \sigma$, and it could be distinguished from standard at $2.2-9.3\, \sigma$. With an array of global signal antennas achieving an effective 100 000 h integration, the significance would be 10× better. Our analysis helps motivate the development of lunar and space-based dark ages experiments.
Intracellular fraction of zona pellucida protein 3 is required for the oocyte-to-embryo transition in mice
Authors: Israel Steffen , Seyfarth Julia , Nolte Thomas , Drexler Hannes C A , Fuellen Georg , Boiani Michele 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In oocyte biology, the zona pellucida has long been known to operate three extracellular functions downstream of the secretory pathway, namely, encasing the oocytes in ovarian follicles, mediating sperm–oocyte interaction, and preventing premature embryo contact with oviductal epithelium. The present study uncovers a fourth function that is fundamentally distinct from the other three, being critical for embryonic cell survival in mice. Intriguingly, the three proteins of the mouse zona pellucida (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3) were found abundantly present also inside the embryo 4 days after fertilization, as shown by mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. Contrary to current understanding of the roles of ZP proteins, ZP3 was associated more with the cytoskeleton than with secretory vesicles in the subcortical region of metaphase II oocytes and zygotes, and was excluded from regions of cell–cell contact in cleavage-stage embryos. Trim-away-mediated knockdown of ZP3 in fertilized oocytes hampered the first zygotic cleavage, while ZP3 overexpression supported blastocyst formation. Transcriptome analysis of ZP3-knockdown embryos pointed at defects of cytoplasmic translation in the context of embryonic genome activation. This conclusion was supported by reduced protein synthesis in the ZP3-knockdown and by the lack of cleavage arrest when Trim-away was postponed from the one-cell to the late two-cell stage. These data place constraints on the notion that zona proteins only operate in the extracellular space, revealing also a role during the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Ultimately, these data recruit ZP3 into the family of maternal factors that contribute to developmental competence of mouse oocytes.
A Virtual Music-Assisted Wellness Workshop for Family Caregivers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Steiner-Brett Adrienne C , Basu Rashmita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Informal or family caregivers (ICGs) are unpaid individuals who assist those with various diagnoses or conditions with their health and/or living-related needs. In 2020, there were an estimated 53 million individuals in the United States who provided informal care, which research indicates can negatively impact physiological and psychological health. Music therapy is a promising nonpharmacological intervention for psychosocial needs, including many that ICGs experience. The purpose of this study was to pilot a single, virtually delivered, music-based wellness workshop to examine feasibility and acceptability amongst ICGs of adults over 50. Additionally, the study aimed to establish the appropriateness of the measurement tools in addressing the research questions. Results of the study (N = 24) revealed a significant reduction in perceived stress score from pre to the post intervention t(23) = 5.71, p &lt; .001. Slight positive increases were also observed from pre- to two weeks post intervention for wellbeing (14.75 vs. 14.79) and quality of life (6.00 vs. 6.08) measures. Additionally, 93.1% of participants completed the study from pre to two-week post-intervention, indicating a high feasibility of the intervention design. Themes emerged related to perceived value of the intervention and resource provided, including positive perception of music and mindfulness techniques along with themes related to difficulty with delivery and future needs of ICGs.
The RNA-binding motif protein 14 regulates telomere integrity at the interface of TERRA and telomeric R-loops
Authors: Wang Yajun , Zhu Wei , Jang Yumi , Sommers Joshua A , Yi Gong , Puligilla Chandrakala , Croteau Deborah L , Yang Yibin , Kai Mihoko , Liu Yie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) and its formation of RNA:DNA hybrids (or TERRA R-loops), influence telomere maintenance, particularly in human cancer cells that use homologous recombination-mediated alternative lengthening of telomeres. Here, we report that the RNA-binding motif protein 14 (RBM14) is associated with telomeres in human cancer cells. RBM14 negatively regulates TERRA expression. It also binds to TERRA and inhibits it from forming TERRA R-loops at telomeres. RBM14 depletion has several effects, including elevated TERRA levels, telomeric R-loops, telomere dysfunction-induced DNA damage foci formation, particularly in the presence of DNA replication stress, pRPA32 accumulation at telomeres and telomere signal-free ends. Thus, RBM14 protects telomere integrity via modulating TERRA levels and its R-loop formation at telomeres.
Long-lived lunar volcanism sustained by precession-driven core-mantle friction
Authors: Yu Shuoran , Xiao Xiao , Gong Shengxia , Tosi Nicola , Huang Jun , Breuer Doris , Xiao Long , Ni Dongdong 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Core-mantle friction induced by the precession of the Moon’s spin axis is a strong heat source in the deep lunar mantle during the early phase of a satellite’s evolution, but its influence on the long-term thermal evolution still remains poorly explored. Using a one-dimensional thermal evolution model, we show that core-mantle friction can sustain global-scale partial melting in the upper lunar mantle until ∼3.1 Ga, thus accounting for the intense volcanic activity on the Moon before ∼3.0 Ga. Besides, core-mantle friction tends to suppress the secular cooling of the lunar core and is unlikely to be an energy source for the long-lived lunar core dynamo. Our model also favours the transition of the Cassini state before the end of the lunar magma ocean phase (∼4.2 Ga), which implies a decreasing lunar obliquity over time after the solidification of the lunar magma ocean. Such a trend of lunar obliquity evolution may allow volcanically released water to be buried in the lunar regolith of the polar regions. As a consequence, local water ice could be more abundant than previously thought when considering only its accumulation caused by solar wind and comet spreading.
Hepatic Steatosis and Weight Gain During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Impact of Therapy With Tenofovir Alafenamide
Authors: Santos Marta , Corma-Gómez Anais , Martin-Carmona Jesica , Pérez-García Margarita , Martín-Sierra Carmen , Rincón-Mayo Pilar , González-Serna Alejandro , Pineda Juan Antonio , Real Luis Miguel , Macías Juan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Lockdown due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to increases in weight in part of the population. Weight gain leads to hepatic steatosis (HS). Antiretroviral treatment could also influence HS in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The impact of lockdown on HS in PWH is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in HS, as measured by the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), during the COVID-19 pandemic in PWH.

Methods
This was a cohort study that included PWH who attended a tertiary care center in southern Spain from January 2018 to December 2021. The CAP was evaluated by transient elastography. Only those who had a valid CAP before and after March 2020 were included. HS was defined as CAP ≥248 dB/m.

Results
Six hundred eighty PWH were attended and 488 (71.8%) were included. Two hundred and fourteen (43.9%) had HS at baseline and 239 (49%) at the end of the follow-up (P = .036). The median change in CAP among PWH taking tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was 8.5 (interquartile range [IQR], −24 to 46.3) dB/m versus −4 (IQR, −35 to 27) dB/m among PWH receiving TAF-free regimens (P = .003). After multivariate analysis, adjusted by sex and age, weight gain (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.05–1.14]; P &lt; .001), TAF therapy (AOR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.07–2.35]; P = .021), plasma triglycerides (AOR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1–1.01]; P &lt; .001), and fasting blood glucose (AOR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1–1.02]; P = .027) were associated with HS at the end of follow-up.

Conclusions
The frequency of HS increased during the COVID-19 pandemic among PWH. TAF is associated with HS development, regardless of metabolic factors.
Prior Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Among Patients Diagnosed With Tuberculosis Disease: Missed Opportunities?
Authors: Fischer Heidi , Qian Lei , Li Zhuoxin , Garba Saadiq , Bruxvoort Katia J , Skarbinski Jacek , Ku Jennifer H , Lewin Bruno J , Mahale Parag S , Shaw Sally F , Spence Brigitte C , Tartof Sara Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
California has the largest number of tuberculosis (TB) disease cases in the United States. This study in a large California health system assessed missed opportunities for latent tuberculosis (LTBI) screening among patients with TB disease.

Methods
Kaiser Permanente Southern California patients who were ≥18 years old with membership for ≥24 months during the study period from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019 were included. Prior LTBI test (tuberculin skin test or interferon-γ release assay) or diagnosis code prior to TB disease diagnosis was assessed among patients with observed TB disease (confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and/or culture). In the absence of current treatment practices, more patients screened for LTBI may have developed TB disease. We estimated hypothetical TB disease cases prevented by multiplying LTBI progression rates by the number of LTBI-positive patients prescribed treatment.

Results
A total of 1289 patients with observed TB disease were identified; 148 patients were LTBI positive and 84 were LTBI negative. Patients not prescreened for LTBI made up 82.0% of observed TB disease cases (1057/1289). Adding the hypothetical maximum estimate for prevented cases decreased the percentage of patients who were not prescreened for LTBI to 61.7% [1057/(1289 + 424)].

Conclusions
One-fifth of patients were screened for LTBI prior to their active TB diagnosis. Assuming the upper bound of cases prevented through current screening, almost 62% of TB disease patients were never screened for LTBI. Future work to elucidate gaps in LTBI screening practices and to identify opportunities to improve screening guidelines is needed.
Association of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex With Colorectal Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ouranos Konstantinos , Gardikioti Angeliki , Bakaloudi Dimitra Rafailia , Mylona Evangelia K , Shehadeh Fadi , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Invasive infection with Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) bacteria is associated with underlying colorectal neoplasia. However, the link between intestinal or fecal colonization with SBSEC isolates or antibody responses to SBSEC members and colorectal cancer is not thoroughly investigated in the literature.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for case–control studies as well as retrospective or prospective cohort studies reporting an association between SBSEC bacteria and colorectal neoplasia.

Results
We identified 22 studies (15 case–control and 7 cohort) that met our inclusion criteria. Among the cohort studies, patients with SBSEC bacteremia were 3.73 times more likely to have underlying colorectal cancer compared with individuals with no bacteremia (relative risk [RR], 3.73; 95% CI, 2.79–5.01), whereas the risk of underlying colorectal adenoma in patients with SBSEC bacteremia was not significantly increased (RR, 5.00; 95% CI, 0.83–30.03). In case–control studies, patients with colorectal cancer were 2.27 times more likely to have evidence of intestinal or fecal colonization with SBSEC isolates (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% CI, 1.11–4.62) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to SBSEC antigens (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.06–4.86) compared with controls. Patients with colorectal adenoma were not more likely to be colonized with SBSEC isolates compared with controls (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.55–2.25).

Conclusions
Apart from the well-established association of SBSEC bacteremia and underlying colorectal cancer, intestinal or fecal colonization with SBSEC isolates and IgG antibody responses to SBSEC antigens were higher in patients with colorectal cancer compared with controls. Neither bacteremia from SBSEC isolates nor colonization with SBSEC bacteria was associated with underlying colorectal adenoma.
How (Not) to Break Up: Constituent Power and Alternative Pathways to Scottish Independence
Authors: Fasel Raffael N , Stark Shona Wilson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In October 2022, the UK Supreme Court unanimously held that the Scottish Parliament lacks the power to legislate for a second referendum on Scottish independence (Indyref 2) absent an enabling Order by the UK government under section 30 of the Scotland Act 1998. With no such Order forthcoming, alternative pathways to Indyref 2 are being investigated. In this article, we examine two such potential pathways—a plebiscitary election and an unauthorised referendum—through the lens of constituent power. We argue that both pathways are theoretically available if one accepts (as we argue) that the Scottish people is the bearer of constituent power. However, we conclude that there are significant obstacles dotting both potential pathways, and as such the only feasible route to internationally recognised statehood for Scotland is via political negotiation.
Poetry and Prose
Authors: Gillingham S E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is usually assumed that there are clear distinctions between poetry and prose. For example, in The Poetry of the Old Testament, T. H. Robinson states on the first page: Most of us know the difference between poetry and prose. When we hear or see a passage we have no difficulty in deciding to which class of literature it belongs. Conventionally and very conveniently, poetry is written in definite lines, each of which is, as it were, a complete whole, and in one way or another stands apart from what precedes and what follows. (p. 11.)
Law Poetry, Wisdom Poetry, and Popular Poetry
Authors: Gillingham S E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One convincing defence of this issue has been offered by Hermann Gunkel, in a seminal article on Israelite literature, written in German in 1900. He argues that, in the very first stages of cultural growth, poetry was a powerful mode of communication within the folk-religion of Israel. Poetry, linked to the music and dance of popular religion and folk-culture, was easier to memorize, and hence easier to impart to later generations, than prose. Much of the prophets’ teachings some centuries later was expressed in a poetic fonn precisely because of this feature. Gunkel’s observations in fact fit well with our own considerations concerning the poetic aphorisms found within the Gospels: the brief, binary form of Semitic verse has a distinct performative quality, and in many cases predates the prose literature into which it was later incorporated.
Topical anaesthesia
Authors: Meechan John G , Robb Nigel D , Seymour Robin A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the use of surface (or topical) anaesthetics in dentistry. Anaesthesia of surface tissues, namely, skin and mucous membranes can be obtained by physical or pharmacological means. In dental practice topical anaesthesia has four uses. First, as a means of reducing the pain of local anaesthetic injections. Second, as a method of reducing the discomfort of venepuncture (e.g. during sedation). Third, local anaesthetic agents are incorporated into proprietary medications for application to painful intraoral lesions such as ulcers, as a symptomatic treatment. The final use is as the sole source of anaesthesia for superficial soft tissue manipulation.
Management of failed local anaesthesia
Authors: Meechan John G , Robb Nigel D , Seymour Robin A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Failure of local anaesthesia is distressing for both patient and operator. When confidence in excellent pain control is achieved the optimum dentist/patient relationship can be obtained. When local anaesthetic failure does occur, restoration of patient confidence must be achieved as soon as possible otherwise the patient may be convinced they are ‘resistant’ to local anaesthetics. The key to overcoming failure is to diagnose the cause.
Conscious sedation in dentistry
Authors: Meechan John G , Robb Nigel D , Seymour Robin A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sedative techniques have been used in dental practice for many years, although the description of the phenomenon of conscious sedation is a more recent occurrence. The definition of sedation that is used within dentistry is different from that used in medical fields. The reasons for this difference will become apparent as the topic is discussed. The definition of ‘conscious sedation’ that binds the dental profession in the United Kingdom is that proposed by the General Dental Council in its Amendments to the booklet Professional conduct and fitness to practice, issued in July 19 96. Here in paragraph 23 sedation is defined as:
Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Visser Marianne de , Hoogerwaard Edo M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The disease is named after the well-known German geneticist Prof. P.E. Becker. However, as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), others gave the first description of this particular muscular dystrophy. In 1934, Kostakow reported on 14 patients from a kindred from an area in the vicinity of Bonn, Germany, who were suffering from an X-linked, progressive proximal myopathy.
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Authors: Toniolo Daniela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
dystrophy (EMD) is an inherited disorder characterized by early onset contractures, progressive weakness in humero-peroneal muscles, and car- diomyopathy with conduction block. The disease may have been described for the first time in 1902 (Cestan and Lejonne 1902). However, in 1966, Emery examined a large Virginian family affected with an X-linked muscular dystrophy (Emery and Dreifuss 1966) whose members had been reported earlier by Dreifuss and Hogan (1961) as having a possible benign form of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). and intellectual impairment (Emery 1989; Emery and Dreifuss 1966; Emery and Emery 1995). Similar symptoms were later described in other families and in 1979 Rowland suggested the term ‘Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EMD)’ for this distinctive disease (Rowland et al. 1979).
Medical management and treatment of muscular dystrophy
Authors: Manzur Adnan Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last decade has seen major advances in the understanding of the molecular genetics and pathogenesis of the muscular dystrophies (Dubowitz 1998; Emery 1997; 1998), and this in turn has raised expectations of a curative treatment. This is not yet available and symptomatic and palliative treatment is essential to enhance the patient’s quality of life. Physical therapy for prevention of contractures and promotion of ambulation is the mainstay of treatment. Judicious surgical intervention may improve or stabilize motor function in carefully selected patients. Early detection and treatment of function and quality of life. The early detection and treatment of cardiac and respiratory complications, so crucial to improve survival, is covered in Chapters 11 and 13.
Language and the Representation of Experience
Authors: Fowler Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literature is a creative use of language-not the only form of creativity in language, as we shall see, but certainly the one that people most immediately acknowledge as creative. What is created, and how? ‘How?’ is answered in this book’s exploration of linguistic technique. In this chapter I begin to explain what is created, starting with some observations on the relationship between language and experience. We need to consider the sources of the habitual meanings of language before we can build on our understanding to see how literature Oike criticism and other linguistic practices) unsettles the familiar creatively.
Some Aspects of Dialogue
Authors: Fowler Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter encourages a view of texts as discourses, as interactions between speakers and addressees who might be real, implied, or fictional. In my opinion, this is a most important emphasis, a corrective to the older view in linguistic criticism that literary texts are just formal structures of language; and to the traditional claim in literary criticism that texts are objects rather than interactions: ‘verbal icons’, ‘monuments’, or ‘wellwrought urns’. The latter phrase is taken from a poem of Donne’s by the critic Cleanth Brooks, and applied to all poetry: we are meant to recall Keats’s silent Grecian Um, an unspeaking but meaningful artefact. But ‘literary’ texts, like all texts, do speak: they participate in society’s communicative practices, and are an important means of influencing world-view and social structure. In this chapter, I want to examine some aspects of linguistic structure which concern interaction directly: dialogic structures.
Making Movies Black
Authors: Cripps Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cripps’s Slow to Fade To Black: The Negro In American Film, 1900–1942, is considered the basic work on blacks’ involvement in film, both in Hollywood and outside it. Making Movies Black continues the story up into the 1950s. It discusses the greater attention to black life in films of the early war years, including the all-black Cabin in The Sky, indicates the difficult time black leaders had with Hollywood studios in bringing pressure for better depictions of blacks on screen, describes the discovery of race-related subjects in such postwar films as Pinky and Intruder In The Dust, and depicts the rise of black stars like Sidney Poitier in Hollywood. As in Slow Fade to Black, these events are put into a broader social context.