bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histochemical analysis of lymphatic endothelial cells in lymphostasis
Authors: Ji Rui‐Cheng , Kato Seiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ultrastructure of endothelial cells of intestinal lymphatics and the thoracic duct (TD) and the relation to lymphostasis were examined in rats and monkeys. Localization of 5′‐nucleotidase (5′‐Nase) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was studied. In normal lymphatic endothelial cells, 5′‐Nase reaction product was evenly deposited on the cell surface in vivo and on cultured TD endothelial cells (TDECs), whereas eNOS was evenly distributed throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm. TDECs had a long filamentous process extending towards the subendothelial extracellular matrix but became flat and regular within 30–40 minutes after gastric perfusion with olive oil. According to their electron‐density, two types of cells were found in the TD endothelial layer. The cells with low electron‐density exhibited stronger 5′‐Nase activity. Valves were bicuspid formations and the valvular endothelial surface of the convex side showed weaker 5′‐Nase activity than the concave side. During TD blockage‐induced lymphostasis in rats, the 5′‐Nase product was almost not discernible in the TDECs within 2 weeks. Larger vesicles were found in the endothelial cytoplasm of the ligated TD. Their number decreased after 6–12 weeks. The small intestinal lymphatics in the mucosa and submucosa were dilated, with numerous open intercellular junctions. The endothelial lining appeared to have reduced activities for 5′‐Nase and eNOS in 9 of 11 experimental animals. The results indicated that the inability of the open intercellular junctions, normally working as one‐way endothelial flap valves, may be a key morphological feature after TD blockage. Reduced eNOS and 5′‐Nase may functionally influence contractile activity and transport capability of the lymphatic vessels in the lymphostasis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:70–80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acyclic list 7‐coloring of planar graphs
Authors: Borodin O. V. , Fon‐Der Flaass D. G. , Kostochka A. V. , Raspaud A. , Sopena E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe acyclic list chromatic number of every planar graph is proved to be at most 7. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 40: 83–90, 2002
Diffusion‐ and perfusion‐weighted MR imaging in a patient with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Authors: Bernarding Johannes , Braun Jürgen , Koennecke Hans‐Christian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo monitor changes of brain tissue metabolism in acute demyelinating encephalitis (ADEM), we examined a patient with suspected ADEM by serial MRI including diffusion‐ and perfusion‐weighted imaging (DWI, PWI). Within the inflammatory tissue, the apparent diffusion coefficients were reduced, normal, and increased. Perfusion varied between reduced and normal values, except for small hyperperfused regions. Combining standard MRI with DWI and PWI may elucidate different overlapping phases in cerebral inflammation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:96–100. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recovery from spinal cord injury: A new transection model in the C57Bl/6 mouse
Authors: Seitz Alexander , Aglow Elsa , Heber‐Katz Ellen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpinal cord transections in mammalian animal models lead to loss of motor function. In this study, we show that functional recovery from complete transection of the adult mouse spinal cord can in fact occur without any intervention if dural injury along with displacement of the ends of the cut cord and fibroblastic infiltration is minimized. Underlying this function is the expression of GAP‐43 in axonal growth cones, axonal extension and bridging of the injury site indicated by biocytin retrograde tracing and neuronal remodeling of both the white matter and the gray matter. Such studies suggest a new murine model for the study of spinal cord regeneration. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Objective classification of atmospheric circulation over southern Scandinavia
Authors: Linderson Maj‐Lena 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method for calculating circulation indices and weather types following the Lamb classification is applied to southern Scandinavia. The main objective is to test the ability of the method to describe the atmospheric circulation over the area, and to evaluate the extent to which the pressure patterns determine local precipitation and temperature in Scania, southernmost Sweden. The weather type classification method works well and produces distinct groups. However, the variability within the group is large with regard to the location of the low pressure centres, which may have implications for the precipitation over the area. The anticyclonic weather type dominates, together with the cyclonic and westerly types. This deviates partly from the general picture for Sweden and may be explained by the southerly location of the study area. The cyclonic type is most frequent in spring, although cloudiness and amount of rain are lowest during this season. This could be explained by the occurrence of weaker cyclones or low air humidity during this time of year. Local temperature and precipitation were modelled by stepwise regression for each season, designating weather types as independent variables. Only the winter season‐modelled temperature and precipitation show a high and robust correspondence to the observed temperature and precipitation, even though <60% of the precipitation variance is explained. In the other seasons, the connection between atmospheric circulation and the local temperature and precipitation is low. Other meteorological parameters may need to be taken into account. The time and space resolution of the mean sea level pressure (MSLP) grid may affect the results, as many important features might not be covered by the classification. Local physiography may also influence the local climate in a way that cannot be described by the atmospheric circulation pattern alone, stressing the importance of using more than one observation series. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
The place of organizational politics in strategic change
Authors: Lewis Dianne 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
This paper traces the development of strategic change models and their assumptions, arguing that managers have a good deal of choice in the strategies they adopt.
It presents the idea of organizational politics as simply another tool that managers have to choose from when instigating strategic change and explains why Western managers feel uncomfortable with the notions of power and politics.
The paper outlines the assumptions upon which the political model of change is based and argues that managers engage in political action in many subtle ways, particularly during times of change.
Finally, it provides some examples of political strategies that managers use, arguing that political action is not all bad and that managers have much more choice in strategic change strategies than they are willing to acknowledge.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex, spies and celluloid: Movie content preference, choice, and involvement
Authors: Garlin Francine V. , McGuiggan Robyn L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study empirically tests the congruity between movie‐content preference and choice on television, video, and at the cinema; and the impact of consumer involvement on this relationship. The results support the need to treat preference and choice differentially. Media type added little in way of explanation of changes in preference–choice congruence. Involvement with movie choice was found to vary by medium, yet correlational analysis showed that it did not unequivocally change the nature of preference–choice congruence. Nonetheless, further enquiry into the role of involvement is warranted before it is dismissed as irrelevant in the choice of leisure media products. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐duration effect and the postsynaptic compartment: Study using a dopamine agonist with a short half‐life
Authors: Stocchi Fabrizio , Vacca Laura , Berardelli Alfredo , De Pandis Francesca , Ruggieri Stefano 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA possible reason why levodopa induces a sustained, stable motor benefit during the first months to years of therapy may be its long duration of action. This long‐duration effect may be due either to a presynaptic storage mechanism or to postsynaptic pharmacodynamic changes. We previously reported that the dopamine agonist ropinirole induced a long‐duration response (LDR) in levodopa‐naive patients with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we investigated motor responses to the short half‐life dopamine agonist lisuride in a group of levodopa naive parkinsonian patients. Once lisuride reached its maximum effect, it was substituted, in randomized order, with placebo. Neither investigators nor patients knew when the active drug was switched to placebo. When patients were switched from lisuride to placebo, their Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores and tapping test and screw scores declined to baseline values within a mean 9.0 ± 1.9 days. The results confirmed that, like ropinirole and levodopa, the short‐acting dopamine agonist lisuride induces a long‐duration response, probably due to postsynaptic changes. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Intracerebral recording of readiness potential induced by a complex motor task
Authors: Rektor Ivan , Bareš Martin , Kaňovský Petr , Kukleta Miloslav 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhile exploring 11 epileptic patients with intracerebral electrodes, we recorded readiness potential (RP) preceding a complex motor task. Multilead depth electrodes were positioned stereotactically into the cortex. In three patients, it was also possible to record RP from the putamen. The movement triggering the recording was the turning of a page in an architectural book. The movement was performed under two conditions: in the first condition, without looking at the pictures on the page (typical self‐pacing); and in the second condition, following the inspection of the pictures. There were no significant differences in the appearance of RP under these two conditions, neither in duration nor in amplitude. That could be explained by the fact that ”self‐paced” does not mean ”spontaneous,” but covers the internal non‐conscious program related to a given task. RP were present in the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex and the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), and in the anterior caudal cingulate cortex. No difference between the cortical topography of RP preceding a simple motor task and the topography of RP occurring in connection with complex movement was observed. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Rate of progression in Parkinson's disease: A 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa PET study
Authors: Nurmi Elina , Ruottinen Hanna M. , Bergman Jörgen , Haaparanta Merja , Solin Olof , Sonninen Pirkko , Rinne Juha O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the rate of progression in Parkinson's disease (PD) with 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa (FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET). We investigated 21 patients with PD and eight healthy controls. Ten of the patients were de novo at the time of the first PET scan and antiparkinsonian medication was started thereafter, with a favourable response. A FDOPA PET scan was carried out twice at an approximately 5‐year interval. The regions of interest were drawn on individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, matched with the PET images.At the first PET scan, in PD patients the mean kiocc (× 10−3 min−1) in the anterior putamen was 5.6 ± 2.7 (mean ± S.D.; 55% of the control mean) and in the posterior putamen 4.5 ± 2.4 (45% of the control mean). The kiocc value for the caudate nucleus was 7.5 ± 2.1 (× 10−3 min−1; 76% of the control mean). The FDOPA uptake declined by the time of the second PET scan and the annual rate of decline was 8.3 ± 6.3% (P < 0.001) of the baseline mean in the anterior putamen and 10.3 ± 4.8% (P < 0.001) in the posterior putamen. In the caudate nucleus, FDOPA uptake decreased by 5.9 ± 5.1% (P < 0.001) of the baseline mean per year. The estimated preclinical period was longest for the posterior putamen being 6.5 years. For the anterior putamen the preclinical period was 4.6 years. In the caudate nucleus, the estimated FDOPA uptake was at normal level at disease onset. In healthy controls, there was no significant decline in FDOPA uptake in any striatal subregion.Our results suggest that the disease process in PD first affects posterior putamen, followed by the anterior putamen and the caudate nucleus, but once started, the absolute rate of decline is the same. In healthy controls, no significant decline in FDOPA was detected. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Quality of life outcomes following surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gray Alastair , McNamara Iain , Aziz Tipu , Gregory Ralph , Bain Peter , Wilson Joanna , Scott Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe assessed the impact of surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease on quality of life using generic quality of life instruments and utility scores. The Medical Outcomes Study short form health survey SF‐36 and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire PDQ‐39 were used before and 3–6 months after surgery to assess quality of life, and the results were converted into utility valuations. Ninety‐seven patients were studied; 33 underwent unilateral thalamotomy, 33 unilateral pallidotomy, 20 bilateral pallidotomy, six subthalamic nucleus (STN) lesions, four mixed lesions, and in one case bilateral STN stimulation. All dimensions of the SF‐36 except role mental and mental health showed statistically significant improvement following surgery. The PDQ‐39 recorded significant improvements in the mobility, stigma, and bodily discomfort dimensions. The rating scale and time trade‐off scales showed statistically significant gains in utility of 8% and 3%, respectively. Gains were particularly marked in the bilateral pallidotomy group. Differences in patient characteristics and selection made direct comparisons between procedures unreliable. Quality of life in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease is amenable to measurement; such measurement provides tentative evidence of significant gains in quality of life following some neurosurgical procedures. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Epidemiology of primary blepharospasm
Authors: Defazio Giovanni , Livrea Paolo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe review epidemiological data on primary blepharospasm (BSP). There is a large variation in the stated prevalence of BSP, with crude estimates ranging from 16 to 133 per million in different studies. A large proportion of this variability may be the result of differences in physician education on BSP. Age and female gender may increase the risk of developing BSP. The few case‐control studies focusing on adult dystonias including BSP showed an increased risk in association with family history of dystonia and/or postural tremor, prior head and face trauma, and prior eye disease (e.g., blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis), and a decreased risk associated with cigarette smoking. No association was found with age‐related medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, family history of parkinsonism, and a history of anxiety or depression. Broocks et al. [Am J Psychiatry, 1998;155:555–557] found a significantly higher frequency of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in BSP than hemifacial spasm despite the clinical similarity. Among putative risk factors for BSP, age at onset, female gender, and prior head or face trauma may affect spread of dystonia to adjacent body regions. While limited, the body of epidemiological data support the idea that environmental and familial, possibly genetic, factors may both be important in the etiology of BSP. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Rapid DNA extraction and PCR‐sexing of mouse embryos
Authors: McClive Peter J. , Sinclair Andrew H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have devised a PCR‐based sexing method that is quick, simple, and highly reproducible. DNA is first extracted from embryonic mouse yolk sac via a 15 min, two‐step incubation procedure utilizing PCR‐compatible proteinase K buffer. Without any further manipulation the lysate is subjected to 30 cycles of PCR, optimized to run in less than 1 hr. The reaction includes multiplexed primer pairs for Sry and Myog (myogenin) that generate a male specific band of 441 bp and an internal control band of 245 bp, respectively. This robust method is used routinely in our laboratory and gives rapid genotyping results with 98% reliability and 100% accuracy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 225–226, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression pattern of HSP25 in mouse preimplantation embryo: Heat shock responses during oocyte maturation
Authors: Kim Myungjin , Geum Dongho , Khang Inkoo , Park Young‐Mee , Kang Byung‐Moon , Lee Kyung‐Ah , Kim Kyungjin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to play an important role not only in various stress conditions such as exposure to heat shock, but also in normal development and/or differentiation. The role of small heat shock proteins such as HSP25 in early embryo development remains largely unknown. In the present study, we examined temporal and spatial expression patterns of HSP25 during mouse preimplantation embryo development. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) showed that hsp25 mRNA was detected in unfertilized eggs. Hsp25 mRNA was induced by zygotic gene activation at 2‐cell stage, decreased slightly at 4‐cell, and re‐increased at morula, with the highest level at blastocyst stage. Interestingly, another form of hsp25 variant of which 156 bp (52 a.a.) was truncated within the exon1 region was observed in all stages of preimplantation embryos. We also investigated the sub‐cellular localization of HSP25 by fluorescence immunocytochemistry. HSP25 was detected in the cytoplasm under normal developmental condition. While acute heat shock (at 43°C for 30 min) caused no significant changes in the sub‐cellular localization of HSP25 in the developing mouse embryos, chronic heat shock (at 43°C for 3 hr) resulted in a denser immunostaining of HSP25 in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm, indicating a nuclear translocation of HSP25 by heat shock. As hsp25 mRNA was detected in the unfertilized egg as a maternal transcript, we examined the expression of hsp25 mRNA with RT‐PCR during oocyte maturation under normal and heat shock conditions. Hsp25 mRNA was detected at GV (germinal vesicle)‐, GVBD (germinal vesicle breakdown)‐, and MII (metaphase II)‐oocytes. The expression of hsp25 mRNA was increased markedly by both acute (for 30 min and 1 hr) and chronic (for 4 hr) heat shock, but returned to the basal level during recovery from heat shock in a time‐dependent manner, suggesting a thermo‐protective role of HSP25. In contrast to preimplantation embryos, HSP25 was detected both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus except for the nucleolus, and the cellular localization was not altered by heat shock. Finally, we investigated the effect of heat shock on oocyte maturation. When GV‐oocytes were exposed to acute heat shock (at 43°C for 15 min to 1 hr), they underwent the GVBD and the PB (polar body) emission successfully. However, under more stringent heat shock conditions (at 43°C for 2–4 hr), most oocytes were arrested at the GV‐stage, and the first PB was not developed, indicating that chronic heat shock might be inhibitory to the mouse oocyte maturation. Taken together, these findings suggest that HSP25 is important for mouse preimplantation embryo development and oocyte maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 3–13, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of the neovascular permeability in glioma xenografts by dynamic T1 MRI with Gadomer‐17
Authors: Verhoye Marleen , van der Sanden Boudewijn P.J. , Rijken Paul F.J.W. , Peters Hans P.W. , Van der Kogel Albert J. , Pée Gilke , Vanhoutte Greetje , Heerschap Arend , Van der Linden Annemie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe uptake of Gadomer‐17, as probed by fast dynamic T1 measurements, was used to assess the vascular permeability surface‐area product per leakage volume of tissue (kTofts) of human glioma xenografts implanted in mice. With this approach we could discriminate between two types of glioma xenograft lines with a known difference in the perfused vascular architecture and degree of hypoxia. The T1 data were analyzed according to the Tofts‐Kermode compartment model. The fast‐growing E102 tumor demonstrated a homogeneous distribution of the vascular permeability surface area across the tumor (mean kTofts value = 0.18 ± 0.05 min−1). The slowly growing E106 tumor showed a more heterogeneous pattern. Three perfused tumor areas with differences in vascular permeability surface area could be distinguished: a well‐perfused periphery with high kTofts values (0.24 ± 0.04 min−1), perfused capillaries inside the tumor with low kTofts values (0.108 ± 0.026 min−1), and perfused capillaries adjacent to necrotic regions with high kTofts values (0.29 ± 0.10 min−1). On a different series of tumors, the hypoxic fractions were measured, and these were significantly higher in E106 tumors (0.14 ± 0.05) compared to tumors of the E102 line (0.03 ± 0.02). Magn Reson Med 47:305–313, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral venous blood volume measurements using MRI: Effects of magnetic field variation
Authors: An Hongyu , Lin Weili 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe presence of magnetic background field inhomogeneity (ΔB) may confound quantitative measures of cerebral venous blood volume (vCBV) and cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (MR_OEF) with T‐based methods. The goal of this study was to correct its effect and obtain more accurate estimates of vCBV and MR_OEF. A 3D high‐resolution gradient echo sequence was employed to obtain ΔB maps by two algorithms. The ΔB maps were then used to recover the signal loss in images acquired by a 2D multiecho gradient echo / spin echo sequence. Finally, both quantitative estimates of MR_OEF and vCBV were obtained from the ΔB‐ corrected 2D multiecho gradient echo / spin echo images. A total of 12 normal subjects were studied. An overestimated vCBV was observed in the brain (4.29 ± 0.78%) prior to ΔB correction, while the measured vCBV was substantially reduced after ΔB correction. Whole brain vCBV of 2.97 ± 0.44% and 2.68 ± 0.47% were obtained by the two different ΔB correction methods, in excellent agreement with the reported results in the literature. Furthermore, when MR_OEF was compared with and without ΔB correction, no significant differences (P = 0.467) were observed. The ability to simultaneously obtain vCBV and MR_OEF noninvasively may have profound clinical implications for the studies of cerebrovascular disease. Magn Reson Med 47:958–966, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T1 maps from shifted spin echoes and stimulated echoes
Authors: Ropele Stefan , Bammer Roland , Stollberger Rudolf , Fazekas Franz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new pulse sequence for fast multislice T1 mapping is presented. This method is based on calculating T1 from spin echo (SE) and stimulated echo (STE) images obtained with different degrees of T1 weighting, and uses the interleaved acquisition scheme of the fast phase acquisition of composite echoes (FastPACE) technique. In contrast to the FastPACE technique, the two echoes are sampled separately. Experimental comparisons confirm that the new sequence layout overcomes most of the FastPACE restrictions, such as its motion sensitivity and the need for a fully complex data set. Moreover, this method offers a higher precision for long T1 values and a further reduction of acquisition time. Magn Reson Med 46:1242–1245, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.