bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer knowledge of mental health conditions, awareness of mental health support services, and perception of community pharmacists’ role in mental health promotion
Authors: Singleton Judith , Stevens Julie E , Truong Raymond , McCulloch Adam , Ara Elay , Cooper Maria B , Hobbs Britany , Hotham Elizabeth , Suppiah Vijayaprakash 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To explore community pharmacy consumers’ knowledge and attitudes of mental illness, support services, and community pharmacists’ role in supporting people living with mental illness (PLMI).

Methods
This survey was conducted in 15 community pharmacies between June and September 2019. Participants were aged 18 years or older without prior or ongoing history of mental illness and/or with close family members with mental illness. Open-ended responses to the anonymous questionnaire were analysed using content analysis.

Key findings
Majority of the 380 participants were female (57.4%) with a mean age 52.9 years and 33.7% having completed university. Most (70.3%) believed that people with mental illness had a negative image due to poor health literacy providing possible solutions of ‘awareness campaigns’, ‘education and training’, and ‘increased government funding for mental health (MH) support services’. Only 33.7% and 63.7% of participants were aware of Mental Health Week and the R U OK? Campaign, respectively. Whilst 12.4% of participants had participated in MH campaigns, only 3.4% were aware of community pharmacists-led MH educational activities. There were significant differences between adults (&lt;65 years) and older adults (≥65 years old) with the latter reporting a more negative image for mental illness (P &lt; 0.05) and having less exposure and engagement with MH resources (P &lt; 0.001) and campaigns (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Despite awareness, participants reported low engagement with MH campaigns. Additionally, older adults had lower MH literacy and exposure to resources and campaigns. This study highlighted that the community lacked awareness of what pharmacists can offer to support PLMIs.
Screening of genes involved in phage-resistance of Escherichia coli and effects of substances interacting with primosomal protein A on the resistant bacteria
Authors: Lin Chen-Yu , Murayama Tomoka , Futada Koshiro , Tanaka Shota , Masuda Yoshimitsu , Honjoh Ken-ichi , Miyamoto Takahisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
The study was to identify the genes involved in phage resistance and to develop an effective biocontrol method to improve the lytic activity of phages against foodborne pathogens.

Methods and results
A total of 3,909 single gene-deletion mutants of Escherichia coli BW25113 from the Keio collection were individually screened for genes involved in phage resistance. Phage S127BCL3 isolated from chicken liver, infecting both E. coli BW25113 and O157: H7, was characterized and used for screening. The 10 gene-deletion mutants showed increased susceptibility to phage S127BCL3. Among them, priA gene-deletion mutant strain showed significant susceptibility to the phages S127BCL3 and T7. Furthermore, we investigated the substances that have been reported to inhibit the function of primosomal protein A (PriA) and were used to confirm increased phage susceptibility in E. coli BW25113 (Parent strain) and O157: H7.

Conclusion
PriA inhibitors at a low concentration showed combined effects with phage against E. coli O157: H7 and delayed the regrowth rate of phage-resistant cells.
Ageratina adenophora damages the rumen epithelium via inducing the expression of inflammatory factors in goats
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Wang Jianchen , Okyere Samuel Kumi , Huang Ruya , Shao Chenyang , Yousif Muhammad , Deng Junliang , Hu Yanchun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Ageratina adenophora on the expression of epithelium tight junction proteins and inflammatory factors in the rumen of goats. Twelve goats were randomly divided into three groups. The first group was the blank control group (n = 3, C) which was fed normal diet. The second group was fistulas control group (n = 3, RFC), which was fitted with rumen fistulas, and fed normal diet. The third group was the A. adenophora test group (n = 6, AA), which was fitted with rumen fistulas and fed a mixture of 60% of normal diet and 40% of A. adenophora grass powder. The feeding experiment lasted for 90 d, after which all goats were sacrificed and samples were collected from the rumen dorsal sac and ventral sac. The relative expression of mRNA of inflammatory factors in the rumen epithelium (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interferon gamma [IFN-γ], interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β], IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) and tight junction protein genes (occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1) was measured by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR. Expression of tight junction proteins in the rumen epithelium was measured by Western blot. A correlation was established between the expression of inflammatory factors and tight junction protein genes using Graph Pad Prism. The results showed that A. adenophora caused a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 in the rumen epithelial (P &lt; 0.05 or P &lt; 0.01). The expression of tight junction proteins at both gene and protein levels was significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05 or P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that the changes in tight junction protein expression in the test group were closely related to the upregulation of the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IFN-γ in rumen epithelial cells. In conclusion, the expression of inflammatory factors was increased and the expression of tight junction proteins was decreased in goats after feeding on A. adenophora, which caused some damage to the rumen epithelium.
Variability in feed intake the first days following weaning impacts gastrointestinal tract development, feeding patterns, and growth performance in nursery pigs
Authors: Fabà Lluís , Hulshof Tetske G , Venrooij Kelly C M , Van Hees Hubèrt M J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of voluntary feed intake (FI) the first days after weaning on gastrointestinal development and protein fermentation the first week after weaning and growth performance and feeding patterns during the nursery phase. A total of 144 mixed-sex weaned pigs (24 ± 2 d old; 7.2 ± 0.8 kg body weight [BW]) were allocated to 12 pens with 12 pigs/pen. Each pen was equipped with an electronic feeding station for monitoring individual FI during a 40-d study. Pigs were classified based on their cumulative FI over the initial 3 d after weaning (FId1-3) being above or below their pen median FId1-3 (high = 626 ± 193 g or low = 311 ± 181 g FId1-3). Similarly, weaning BW classes (BW0; high = 7.72 ± 0.59 kg or low = 6.62 ± 0.88 kg BW) were created to study interactions with FId1-3. Two female pigs with either a high or a low FId1-3 per pen (n = 24) were selected for sampling at d6 and were used to study gastrointestinal development and fermentation products in the small intestine. Feeding patterns per day, FI, and growth performance were measured individually. Low FId1-3 pigs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) daily FI during d0 to d8, d8 to d15, and d22 to d28, BW on d15, d22, d29, and d40, and average daily gain during d0 to d8, d22 to d29, and d29 to d40 compared to high FId1-3. High FId1-3 pigs increased (P &lt; 0.05) the number of visits to the feeder between d1 to d13 and d31 to d35, and the time spent per visit only for d1 to d4 (P &lt; 0.05). The daily rate of FI (g/min) was higher (P &lt; 0.05) for High FId1-3 pigs on d6, d8, d9, and d10, and again several days later (d20 to d39). In addition, the high FId1-3 × high BW0 interaction improved daily FI during d18 to d40 compared to low FId1-3 × low BW0 class (P &lt; 0.05). For the sampling on d6, low FId1-3 pigs had a lighter small intestine, colon, and pancreas, and reduced villi length, smaller villi surface area, and a lower number of goblet cells size in jejunum (P &lt; 0.05), while concentrations of lactic acid, histamine, and cadaverine in small intestinal content were increased (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, pigs with high FId1-3 became faster eaters with higher FI and growth rates toward the second half of the nursery, which was similar and additive for pigs with higher weaning BW. High FId1-3 was also associated with greater development of the gastrointestinal tract and a reduced protein fermentation 1-wk after weaning.
Raising Cultural Awareness and Addressing Barriers to Breast Imaging Care for Black Women
Authors: Jackson Tatianie , Wahab Rifat A , Bankston Karen , Mehta Tejas S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Health care disparities, which are differences in the attainment of full health potential among population groups, have been documented across medical conditions, clinical settings, and diagnostic and treatment modalities. Deeply rooted health care disparities due to many factors have affected how Black women (BW) view medical care including screening mammography. This article explores health care disparities around breast cancer in BW and how patient distrust, provider biases, race, and social determinants of health continue to have negative effects on breast cancer outcomes in BW, despite medical advances in breast cancer detection and management. In addition, this article addresses the importance of culturally competent care for BW around breast cancer awareness, screening, and treatment, and offers strategies to address disparities and rebuild trust.
Outcomes of High-Risk Breast MRI Screening in Women Without Prior History of Breast Cancer: Effectiveness Data from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Rahman W Tania , Gerard Sarah , Grundlehner Paul , Oudsema Rebecca , McLaughlin Carol , Noroozian Mitra , Neal Colleen H , Helvie Mark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic performance outcomes of a breast MRI screening program in high-risk women without prior history of breast cancer.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 1 405 consecutive screening breast MRI examinations in 681 asymptomatic women with high risk of breast cancer without prior history of breast cancer from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Outcomes (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false-negative rate [FNR], cancer detection rate [CDR]) and characteristics of cancers were determined based on histopathology or 12-month follow-up. MRI examinations performed, BI-RADS assessments, pathology outcomes, and CDRs were analyzed overall and by age decade. Results in incidence screening round (MRI in last 18 months) and nonincidence round were compared.

Results
Breast MRI achieved CDR 20/1000, sensitivity 93.3% (28/30), and specificity 83.4% (1 147/1375). Twenty-eight (28/1 405, CDR 20/1000) screen-detected cancers were identified: 18 (64.3%, 18/28) invasive and 10 (35.7%, 10/28) ductal carcinoma in situ. Overall, 92.9% (26/28) of all cancers were stage 0 or 1 and 89.3% (25/28) were node negative. All 14 incidence screening round malignancies were stage 0 or 1 with N0 disease. Median size for invasive carcinoma was 8.0 mm and for ductal carcinoma in situ was 9.0 mm. There were two false-negative exams for an FNR 0.1% (2/1 405).

Conclusion
High-risk screening breast MRI was effective at detecting early breast cancer and associated with favorable outcomes.
Is the Mediterranean Diet in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Godny Lihi , Dotan Iris 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The rising incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), specifically in the developing world, suggests an important environmental effect. Amongst environmental influences, dietary factors, particularly the adoption of a westernized diet, have been specifically noticed. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet (MED), characterized by high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, olive oil, and moderate consumption of animal and ultra processed foods, has shown potential positive effects in IBD.

Methods
Here we conducted a narrative review focusing on the evidence regarding the role of MED in IBD prevention and management.

Results
Epidemiological studies suggest inverse association of MED with CD development. Furthermore, adherence to MED has been associated with clinical improvement in active CD and maintenance of lower levels of inflammatory markers in UC, along with improved quality of life and lower mortality rates in IBD patients. Mechanistically, MED promotes a diverse and beneficial gut microbiota, possesses anti-inflammatory properties through polyphenols and dietary fats, and may modulate oxidative stress. In clinical practice, MED may be adapted to diverse disease phenotypes and cultural preferences, and is a sustainable, easy to maintain dietary approach.

Conclusion
Current evidence may support the integration of MED into clinical practice in IBD care. In future research, the efficacy of MED in specific IBD phenotypes should be assessed.
Insecticide-mediated changes in the population and toxicity of the thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Thrips flavus (Schrank) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Sun Ying , Hu Changxiong , Chen Guohua , Li Xingxing , Liu Jihuan , Xu Zhengwei , Zhou Yang , Wu Daohui , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Thrips flavus (Schrank) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cause considerable damage to agricultural crops. In this study, we investigated the variations in the population density of these 2 thrips species in 2 sites (Dabai and Heilongtan) with different insecticide application levels. Bioassays were performed to determine the susceptibility of both thrips species to imidacloprid, abamectin, and high-bromine cyhalothrin in summer. The results showed that the F. occidentalis species were more abundant in Dabai than in Heilongtan during both winter and summer. The proportions of F. occidentalis in winter and summer were 28.32–43.35% and 61.79–76.02%, respectively. Moreover, F. occidentalis resistance against the 3 insecticides was significantly higher than that of T. flavus in both 2017 and 2019. Compared with 2017, the LC50 values of F. occidentalis populations in Dabai to imidacloprid, abamectin, and lambda-cyhalothrin increased to 100.076, 16.52, and 130.44 mg/liter, respectively. The number of F. occidentalis, reaching the proportion of 91.63% in 90 days, was significantly higher than that of the control after imidacloprid treatment. In conclusion, thrips interspecies competition is affected by the irrational use of insecticides, which may cause the replacement of native species by invasive species, thereby leading to an outbreak.
Structural Reforms and Elections: Evidence from a World-Wide New Dataset
Authors: Alesina Alberto , Furceri Davide , Ostry Jonathan D , Papageorgiou Chris , Quinn Dennis P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We present two new databases we have constructed to explore the electoral consequences of structural economic policy reforms. One database measures reforms in domestic finance, external finance, trade, product, and labor markets covering 90 advanced and developing economies from 1973 to 2014. The other chronicles the timing and results of national elections. We find that liberalizing reforms are associated with economic benefits that accrue only gradually over time. Because of this delay, liberalizing reforms are costly to democratic incumbents when they are implemented close to elections. Electoral outcomes also depend on the state of the economy: Reforms are penalized during contractions but are often rewarded in expansions.
Characteristics of gravity and magnetic anomalies and their petroleum geological significance in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Xu Haihong , Wei Jianshe , Han Xiaofeng , Zhao Fei , Zhou Junlin , Jiang Ting , Shi Jizhong , Xu Wei , Song Bo , Wang Baowen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research aims to explore petroleum resource distribution characteristics in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin and provide a basis for assessing the prospect of petroleum potential in the region. Based on recent and previous gravity and aeromagnetic data obtained in the basin, anomalies including regional and residual gravity and magnetic anomalies, various derivative anomalies, and anomalies in structure-enhancing filtering were determined using multiple techniques. By analysing gravity, magnetic, and seismic anomaly characteristics of existing typical oil and gas wells, the petroleum resource distribution was studied by combining such data with exploration results arising from wells where oil and gas have been discovered. The research shows that the distribution ranges of the sags revealed by seismic profiles correspond to those of negative residual gravity anomalies; the distribution ranges of rock masses identified in the sags along the seismic profiles show some correspondence to the positive residual magnetic anomalies. Analysis indicates that various sags corresponding to areas where negative residual gravity anomalies appear in the north and south of the basin are the primary and secondary favourable areas for oil and gas exploration in Mesozoic–Upper Palaeozoic strata. Therefore, breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration should be made by focusing on these sags in the region. The positive residual magnetic anomalies in the basin can reflect the distribution of concealed rocks in the region, while concealed rocks in sags are an important area for oil and gas exploration in igneous rocks in the basin.
Movement response of small mammals to burn severity reveals importance of microhabitat features
Authors: Slovikosky Sandy A , Merrick Melissa J , Morandini Marina , Koprowski John L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Disturbance events are increasing at a global scale, with cascading impacts to ecosystems and residents therein that include fragmentation and altered vegetation structure and composition. Such changes may disproportionately impact small mammal movements, risk perception, and community dynamics as smaller species perceive such changes at finer spatial scales. We examined movement response to burn severity, vegetation structure, and composition in Mexican woodrats (Neotoma mexicana), a common but understudied small mammal species. The study was conducted on Mt. Graham in southeastern Arizona, United States, following a fire that burned over 19,400 ha. We measured path tortuosity of woodrats translocated over patches of different burn severity. Tortuosity can indicate microhabitat selection, foraging behavior, and perceived predation risk—features affecting population-level processes that changes in community composition alone cannot fully demonstrate. We captured woodrats, released them 50 m away from their midden, and used fluorescent powder to track woodrat movement paths through areas of low–severe burn severity. We analyzed features of the resulting powder trails including straightness, average step length, fractal dimension, and squared displacement. We also compared used versus expected vegetation structure and composition along movement paths across burn severities. Analyses indicated shorter step length with increased bare ground, as well as higher squared displacement in areas with more logs. Vegetation analyses likewise showed that logs were heavily used in low-burned areas, whereas dense vegetation was avoided in highly burned areas. Burn severity alone did not have a direct effect on movement parameters, rather its influence on vegetative composition and structure appears to be most important. Selection for logs and avoidance of dense vegetation may be attributed to auditory concealment and ease of travel. With projected increases in wildfire extent and severity, this work represents an understudied approach to understanding these disturbances and their effects on ecological communities.
Ontogenetic and static scaling of antler mass in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Sontheimer Willis P , Pfeffer Deanna , Weckerly Floyd W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Antlers are a costly trait that require skeletal reserves to grow to a large size. Thus, insight into variation in antler size requires understanding the connection between antler and body size, which can be summarized through ontogenetic and static scaling relationships. Both types of scaling relationships are also needed to examine the influence of factors besides body mass on antler growth at different ages and whether the effects of these factors diminish with age. Dietary and maternal effects might decline with age as individuals attempt to mitigate size deficits. We examined the potential effects of diet and maternal attributes of dam (mother) age at birth and litter size on body–antler mass relationships throughout ontogeny and at discrete ages. Data on age, maternal characteristics, body mass, and antler mass were gathered from captive, pen-raised White-tailed Deer (n = 168) that consumed either a low-energy (1.77 kcal/g) or standard-energy diet (2.65 kcal/g) from the time they were weaned until they perished by 5.5 years of age. Both types of scaling relationships were estimated with linear mixed-effects models to account for repeated measurements of males, dams, and sires. Diet affected ontogenetic scaling relationships. Males eating the low-energy diet had faster antler growth when young and lighter in body mass than when they were older and heavier—whereas males fed the standard-energy diet had a similar rate of antler growth across the range of body masses. A Bayesian Information Criterion model selection analysis indicated that diet and litter size (singleton, multiple births), but not dam age at birth influenced static scaling relationships. Static scalar coefficients up to 3.5 years of age were positively allometric (&gt;1.0), but isometric (1.0) in 4.5- and 5.5-year-old males. Furthermore, diet and litter size influenced both intercepts and slopes in only the youngest males (1.5 years) indicating that dietary and maternal effects can diminish with age. Body–antler mass relationships are complex. Young males that are small because of maternal effects, for example, might still be able to mitigate smaller body and antler sizes at older ages.
Role distance. An ethnographic study on how street-level managers cope
Authors: Wong Jade 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Policy is not only made by street-level bureaucrats at the frontlines. It is also made by their superiors—street-level managers—who set the organizational conditions through which street-level bureaucrats act. Although scholars have documented how street-level bureaucrats cope with the pressures of their work by, for instance, breaking or bending rules, the question of how street-level managers cope with the pressures of their own work has received less attention. Drawing from ethnographic data of a network of publicly funded health centers in the Midwestern US, I show how street-level managers use an interaction ritual with role distance to cope. Role distance is mobilized when the person uses communicative expressions such as laughter or cries of frustration to convey a critical distance from what her organizational role prescribes. Based on classic sociological insights, I posit that role distance can function as follows. It can help managers preserve self by allowing them to define their putatively “more-human self” from their work, create a feeling of collectiveness as they orient themselves to the shared frustrations yet obligations that their role engenders, which enables them to coordinate on carrying out tasks, even those that rub against their preferences and well-intentions. Taken together, I suggest that role distance can offer a coping function, which enables them to hold in abeyance individual and collective responsibility for the decisions they make. I then highlight the benefits and unintended consequences of role distance and posit what academics and practitioners can do to ensure that street-level managers use role distance toward more productive ends.