bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for high‐performance matrix multiplication based on hierarchical abstractions, algorithms and optimized low‐level kernels
Authors: Valsalam Vinod , Skjellum Anthony 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDespite extensive research, optimal performance has not easily been available previously for matrix multiplication (especially for large matrices) on most architectures because of the lack of a structured approach and the limitations imposed by matrix storage formats. A simple but effective framework is presented here that lays the foundation for building high‐performance matrix‐multiplication codes in a structured, portable and efficient manner. The resulting codes are validated on three different representative RISC and CISC architectures on which they significantly outperform highly optimized libraries such as ATLAS and other competing methodologies reported in the literature. The main component of the proposed approach is a hierarchical storage format that efficiently generalizes the applicability of the memory hierarchy friendly Morton ordering to arbitrary‐sized matrices. The storage format supports polyalgorithms, which are shown here to be essential for obtaining the best possible performance for a range of problem sizes. Several algorithmic advances are made in this paper, including an oscillating iterative algorithm for matrix multiplication and a variable recursion cutoff criterion for Strassen's algorithm. The authors expose the need to standardize linear algebra kernel interfaces, distinct from the BLAS, for writing portable high‐performance code. These kernel routines operate on small blocks that fit in the L1 cache. The performance advantages of the proposed framework can be effectively delivered to new and existing applications through the use of object‐oriented or compiler‐based approaches. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient communication using message prediction for clusters of multiprocessors
Authors: Afsahi Ahmad , Dimopoulos Nikitas J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWith the increasing uniprocessor and symmetric multiprocessor computational power available today, interprocessor communication has become an important factor that limits the performance of clusters of workstations/multiprocessors. Many factors including communication hardware overhead, communication software overhead, and the user environment overhead (multithreading, multiuser) affect the performance of the communication subsystems in such systems. A significant portion of the software communication overhead belongs to a number of message copying operations. Ideally, it is desirable to have a true zero‐copy protocol where the message is moved directly from the send buffer in its user space to the receive buffer in the destination without any intermediate buffering. However, due to the fact that message‐passing applications at the send side do not know the final receive buffer addresses, early arrival messages have to be buffered at a temporary area. In this paper, we show that there is a message reception communication locality in message‐passing applications. We have utilized this communication locality and devised different message predictors at the receiver sides of communications. In essence, these message predictors can be efficiently used to drain the network and cache the incoming messages even if the corresponding receive calls have not yet been posted. The performance of these predictors, in terms of hit ratio, on some parallel applications are quite promising and suggest that prediction has the potential to eliminate most of the remaining message copies. We also show that the proposed predictors do not have sensitivity to the starting message reception call, and that they perform better than (or at least equal to) our previously proposed predictors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediation within a hierarchical structure: How can it be done successfully?
Authors: Wiseman Vivian , Poitras Jean 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBased on an actual case, this article explores the role that power plays in the mediation process and negotiation dynamics. Specifically, it explores how a mediator can conciliate balancing power among the parties to a mediation process while respecting the hierarchical structure of an organization. It is suggested that if the mediation requirements are not reconciled with the reality of organizational structure, the parties are at risk of engaging in a power struggle outside the mediation context.
Emotional intelligence and mediation training
Authors: Schreier Lori S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDoes mediation training sufficiently teach how to effectively manage strong emotions in mediation? What specific training in emotional self‐awareness and self‐regulation skills and approaches could prove useful? This research explores the role of emotional intelligence in mediation and describes approaches and strategies suggested by mediation trainers for working with emotions. Analysis of how emotional intelligence currently informs mediation training pedagogy, and how it could be better incorporated, is presented.
Inclusive innovation: a research project on the inclusion of social responsibility
Authors: Nijhof Andre , Fisscher Olaf , Looise Jan Kees 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe focus of attention in research on corporate social responsibility has shifted away from convincing companies to live up to social responsibilities. Nowadays, the focus is much more on developing tools and methods for supporting companies to incorporate these responsibilities in their conduct of business. In the last decade a huge number of initiatives have emerged in this field. This article presents an overview of these initiatives and concentrates on one of them: the project ‘Inclusive innovation’. This project aims at the development of a label for the integration of social responsibilities and universal human rights within organizations.The project is executed under the auspices of the University of Twente in the Netherlands and prepared and managed in co‐operation with a number of universities and organizations from different European countries. The European Commission, Shell, Oci, SBI and the municipal of Amsterdam are financing the project. The University of Twente has a long‐standing tradition of research in the fields of both quality management and managing social responsible behaviour. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Prospects of a unified management system
Authors: Jørgensen Tine Herreborg , Simonsen Gorm 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this article, the trend among management systems towards a common structure and the inclusion of additional areas of corporate concern (quality, environment, occupational health and safety and social responsibility) is outlined. The article suggests that a large part of the work associated with implementing and maintaining standardized management systems can be rationalized by developing a ‘unified system’. The unified system is proposed to consist of a common basic standard of general managerial methodology expandable with supplements, which are related to the specific areas of concern that the company could wish to include in their management system and possibly have certified. It is estimated that such a unified management system would contribute to synergy between the activities related to each area of concern, resulting in a more careful and efficient treatment of the increasing number of areas of concern. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
On the concept of a universal audit of quality and environmental management systems
Authors: Karapetrovic Stanislav 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThere is a definite trend in industry today toward the integration of internal management systems (MSs), including those for managing quality, environment, health and safety, and social accountability. The standards describing the minimum requirements for such systems have been made largely compatible, but are not yet fully aligned or integrated. Apart from several national standards for integrated quality, environment and safety MSs, the world has yet to see a corresponding and internationally accepted guideline. In contrast, integrative standardization activities in the realm of MS auditing are proceeding in full force, with the introduction of the pioneering ISO 19011 guideline for quality and environmental auditing expected soon. This paper focuses on the concepts, principles and practices of a truly generic audit, applicable for the evaluation of diverse aspects of organizational performance against the criteria stated in MS standards. A universal audit model based on the systems approach and several important questions regarding the compatibility and integration of the current auditing schemes are discussed. These issues include the ability of integrated audits to foster unification of supported MSs, as well as different strategies for the development of a universal audit guideline (UAG) and integration of function‐specific audits. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
Mapping environmental management system initiatives in Swedish local authorities—a national survey
Authors: Emilsson Sara , Hjelm Olof 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNearly half of all Swedish local authorities use environmental management systems (EMSs) in their environmental work. This was shown in the postal survey that is the basis for this paper. The survey was conducted in September 2000 among all 289 local authorities in Sweden, generating an 81% return rate. It was performed in order to gain an understanding of how common it is to implement EMSs in local authorities, how far in the EMS process they have come and what organizations are objects of EMS implementation. It proved to be primarily the technical organizations that have adopted this kind of work and it is most common that these kinds of organization use a third party validation. ISO 14001 is the most frequently used standard but, in general, standards are used only as guidelines when designing EMSs, which means that certification/registration is not an overall objective among Swedish local authorities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
The role of stakeholders in Sydney's green games
Authors: Kearins Kate , Pavlovich Kathryn 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper focuses on the various roles played by stakeholders in the construction of Sydney Olympics as the Green Games. It draws material from the official website of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, the websites and other material made public by major stakeholders, and the considerable commentary generated by the greening efforts of the games' organizers and their many partners and critics. Sydney's ‘Green Games’ is shown to involve a wide variety of stakeholders in both its construction and deconstruction. Environmental groups both assisted in defining the agenda and, in retaining their independence, reserved the right to evaluate and publicly critique performance. It is argued that through the engagement of stakeholders, organizations can be expected to understand and elucidate the different dimensions of the environmental challenge they face—even though at times, as the Sydney ‘Green Games’ example shows, they may not fully meet these more exacting expectations, and the environmental groups themselves thus risk becoming compromised. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
Regional industrial recycling network in energy supply—the case of Joensuu city, Finland
Authors: Korhonen Jouni , Niemeläinen Heikki , Pulliainen Kyösti 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIndustrial recycling networks offer an example of the practical application of some of the industrial ecology (IE) principles. In the industrial ecosystem and eco‐industrial park approaches the material cycles and energy cascades in a natural ecosystem serve as the metaphoric vision for a local/regional industrial system in which waste material and waste (residual) energy are utilized through cooperation between the actors in the system. In this paper, a local/regional recycling network scenario is presented with the energy supply system of the city of Joensuu in Finland. The conditions of success include the co‐production of heat and electricity (heat and power, CHP), waste energy utilization for industrial steam and renewable flow use as fuel. Some difficulties in the industrial ecosystem‐type development of the system are discussed. Methodological suggestions for industrial ecosystem and eco‐industrial park case studies are considered and the experience from this Finnish case is discussed in terms of wider application of IE in local/regional economic energy systems. For future research on the theme, it is suggested that regional industrial ecology may benefit from regional economics theory and, vice versa, regional economics theory may find a new area of application in regional industrial ecology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
Stefan A. Seuring, 'Classifying corporate MEFA applications: development and empirical test of a conceptual model'. Eco‐Management and Auditing 8(1)2001, 25–35
Authors: Seuring Stefan A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Eco‐Management and Auditing 8(1) 2001, 25–35.
Ruthenium Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Aaltonen T. , Alén P. , Ritala M. , Leskelä M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThin films of metallic ruthenium were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in the temperature range 275–400 °C using bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium (RuCp2) and oxygen as precursors. The ruthenium films were grown on thin Al2O3 and TiO2 films on glass. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the films were polycrystalline metallic ruthenium and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that the films had excellent conformality. The impurity content of the films, as measured by time‐of‐flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF‐ERDA), were very low. All the films had resistivities below 20 μΩ cm.
IL‐8 induces a specific transcriptional profile in human neutrophils: synergism with LPS for IL‐1 production
Authors: Martinez Fernando O. , Sironi Marina , Vecchi Annunciata , Colotta Francesco , Mantovani Alberto , Locati Massimo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIL‐8 is an inflammatory CXC chemokine involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation in various inflammatory conditions. The transcriptional profile induced by IL‐8 in human neutrophils wasanalyzed using high‐density oligonucleotide arrays and compared with that of the prototypic phagocyte activator LPS. As expected, LPS induced a major effect on the cell transcriptome, upregulating 116 (0.93%) and downregulating 70 (0.56%) of the transcripts. IL‐8 induced a less profound modulation of the cell transcriptome, with upregulation of 30 (0.25%) and downregulation of 6 (0.04%) of the transcripts. Although the two proinflammatory mediators induced partially overlapping transcriptional profiles (50.0% of IL‐8‐responsive genes were concordantly regulated by LPS), IL‐8 also modulated a significant number of genes unresponsive to LPS, including soluble mediators, membrane receptors, signaling molecules, and regulators of transcription and translation. A set of IL‐8‐inducible genes was related to cell motility, possibly a strategy to prepare for migration into tissues. Analysis of the IL‐8‐responsive gene IL‐1β at the protein level revealed that transcript induction was not followed by protein production. Neutrophils stimulated with IL‐8, however, showed a significant increase in IL‐1β secretion after subsequent exposure to LPS. Thus, the effect of IL‐8 at the transcriptional level could provide a synergistic effect with microbial products for neutrophil activation.
Lack of dendritic cell maturation by the plant toxin ricin
Authors: Smith Daniel C. , Salio Mariolina , Lord J. Michael , Roberts Lynne M. , Cerundolo Vincenzo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSeveral bacterial toxins either promote or inhibit the maturation of human monocyte‐derived DC. Since the potent plant toxin ricin exploits the same cell entry pathway used by these bacterial toxins and shares identical catalytic activity with some of them, we have studied the capacity of ricin to induce DC maturation in vitro. Here, we show that in contrast to the bacterial proteins, ricin neither induces DC maturation nor interferes with LPS‐induced DC maturation. There is no correlation between the absence of DC maturation and ricin dysfunction. Indeed, some of the ricin variants retain significant ribotoxicity and catalytic activity. We have extended these observations to ebulin‐1, suggesting that this may be a general characteristic of plant‐derived cytotoxic ribosome‐inactivating toxins. The human immune system may therefore have evolved to recognize and rapidly respond to the bacterial proteins, whilst being less responsive to the equivalent plant cytotoxins. Understanding the effect of ricin on professional APC may provide insights into the generation of an anti‐ricin vaccine and into the use of inactivated ricin A chains as delivery vectors as part of a vaccination protocol.
Disruption of the stratum corneum allows potent epicutaneous immunization with protein antigens resulting in a dominant systemic Th2 response
Authors: Strid Jessica , Hourihane Jonathan , Kimber Ian , Callard Robin , Strobel Stephan 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe skin is an important immunological organ with an outer protective layer, the stratum corneum forming a barrier between the skin‐associated lymphoid tissue and the environment. We show thatgently removing the stratum corneum with adhesive tape permits potent epicutaneous immunization to protein antigens. IL‐4 secretion by T cells from draining lymph nodes and high levels of specific IgE and IgG1 with no IgG2a showed that the immune responses induced following epicutaneous antigen exposure are strongly Th2 biased. Similar responses were obtained with different antigens and mousestrains. In contrast, subcutaneous immunization with antigen delivery into the dermis was less potent and gave predominantly Th1 responses. Removal of the stratum corneum increased expression of MHC class II, CD86, CD40, CD54 and CD11c on Langerhans cells, but did not cause them to migrate. Rapid migration from epidermis to draining lymph node was obtained, however, by exposure to antigen after removal of the stratum corneum, suggesting that maturation and migration of Langerhans cells are independently regulated events. These results suggest that antigen presentation by Langerhans cells gives predominantly Th2 responses. This may provide an explanation for allergic sensitization to some antigens. It may also be a useful non‐invasive, non‐adjuvant‐dependent method of vaccination.
Significant NK cell activation associated with decreased cytolytic function in peripheral blood of HIV‐1‐infected patients
Authors: Fogli Manuela , Costa Paola , Murdaca Giuseppe , Setti Maurizio , Mingari Maria Cristina , Moretta Lorenzo , Moretta Alessandro , De Maria Andrea 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOne of the hallmarks of HIV‐1 infection is represented by the finding of massive T cell activation in peripheral blood lymphocytes of infected patients. An impairment of NK cell function during HIV‐1 infection is also detected, and is associated with decreased expression of natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR). In this study we tried to determine whether also NK cells are affected by relevant activation and whether this could be associated with decreased NK cell function. In 18 viremic HIV‐1‐infected patients, freshly drawn purified peripheral NK cells displayed significant levels of activation with an incomplete pattern (HLA‐DR+CD69+CD25–NKp44–). Activated (HLA‐DR+CD69+) peripheral NK cells expressed an NCRdull phenotype as determined by cytofluorometric analysis in all the patients, and did not derive from a homogeneous/oligoclonal expansion in vivo as analyzed by expression of HLA‐specific inhibitory NK cell receptors. As determined by cytotoxicity assays, activated NK cells showed a decreased cytolytic function in HIV‐1‐infected patients. Thus, the decrease in NK cell function observed during HIV‐1 infection is associated not only with decreased NCR expression, but also with significant and incomplete NK cell activation in vivo. These results suggest a consistent continuous involvement of the innate immune response in the failure to control viral replication.
Electroactivity of Avidin and Streptavidin. Avidin Signals at Mercury and Carbon Electrodes Respond to Biotin Binding
Authors: Havran Ludek , Billová Sabina , Palecek Emil 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAvidin and streptavidin were studied by phase‐sensitive AC and cyclic voltammetry as well as by constant current chronopotentiometry at mercury (in alkaline media) and carbon electrodes (in acid medium). In contrast to the generally accepted belief that these proteins are electroinactive, we observed various electrochemical responses at these electrodes. Both proteins produced peaks due to oxidation of tyrosine and tryptophan residues at carbon electrodes and a catalytic peak H at a hanging mercury drop electrode. At the latter electrode avidin produced phase‐in AC voltammetric and cyclic voltammetric peaks close to −0.6 V (peak S) which were assigned to Hg‐S interactions, involving cystine/cysteine residues. In cobalt containing solution avidin produced a characteristic catalytic double wave requiring presence of cystine/cysteine residues in the protein molecule. Streptavidin, which does not contain these residues, yielded neither the catalytic double wave nor peak S. All the above avidin signals responded to biotin binding; peak S increased (up to 4 biotin molecules bound) while other avidin signals decreased as a result of biotin binding. A tentative scheme of interfacial behavior of avidin and avidin‐biotin complex, depending on the electrode charge, was suggested.
Direct Peroxidase Bioelectrocatalysis on a Variety of Electrode Materials
Authors: Ferapontova Elena E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe role of the electrode material in the efficiency of direct (non‐mediated) bioelectrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is studied and discussed. The variations in direct peroxidase bioelectrocatalysis when coming from carbon/graphite to metal electrodes and oxides, as well as modified electrodes, are analyzed regarding the variations in adsorption/orientation of peroxidase at the electrodes, interfacial electron transfer rates and mechanism of catalysis.
Direct Electron Transfer Between Ligninolytic Redox Enzymes and Electrodes
Authors: Christenson Andreas , Dimcheva Nina , Ferapontova Elena E. , Gorton Lo , Ruzgas Tautgirdas , Stoica Leonard , Shleev Sergey , Yaropolov Alexander I. , Haltrich Dietmar , Thorneley Roger N. F. , Aust Steven D. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe electrochemistry of the ligninolytic redox enzymes, which include lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase and possibly also cellobiose dehydrogenase, is reviewed and discussed in conjunction with their basic biochemical characteristics. It is shown that long‐range electron transfer between these enzymes and electrodes can be established and their ability to degrade lignin through a direct electron transfer mechanism is discussed.
Early Polarographic Studies on Proteins
Authors: Heyrovsky Michael 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe first effects of proteins observed with the dropping mercury electrode were catalytic, due to evolution of hydrogen in weakly alkaline solutions. Catalytic lowering of hydrogen overvoltage in presence of cobalt ions, the so‐called Brdicka reaction, became the main means for polarographic study of proteins. Apart from that, polarography has been used for following proteins in their adsorption on the electrode surface, in their anodic reaction with mercury at positive potentials, in reduction of the disulfidic bonds of their components, in their complexation with metallic ions in the solution, in electrode reactions of their prosthetic groups and in antigen‐antibody interactions. Our review is limited to applications of the dropping mercury electrode.