bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of in-utero personal exposure to PM2.5 sources and components on birthweight
Authors: O’Sharkey Karl , Xu Yan , Cabison Jane , Rosales Marisela , Yang Tingyu , Chavez Thomas , Johnson Mark , Lerner Deborah , Lurvey Nathana , Corral Claudia M. Toledo , Farzan Shohreh F. , Bastain Theresa M. , Breton Carrie V. , Habre Rima 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn-utero exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and specific sources and components of PM2.5 have been linked with lower birthweight. However, previous results have been mixed, likely due to heterogeneity in sources impacting PM2.5 and due to measurement error from using ambient data. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PM2.5 sources and their high-loading components on birthweight using data from 198 women in the 3rd trimester from the MADRES cohort 48-h personal PM2.5 exposure monitoring sub-study. The mass contributions of six major sources of personal PM2.5 exposure were estimated for 198 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization v5.0 model, along with their 17 high-loading chemical components using optical carbon and X-ray fluorescence approaches. Single- and multi-pollutant linear regressions evaluated the association between personal PM2.5 sources/components and birthweight, adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, race, infant sex, parity, diabetes status, temperature, maternal education, and smoking history. Participants were predominately Hispanic (81%), with a mean (SD) gestational age of 39.1 (1.5) weeks and age of 28.2 (6.0) years. Mean birthweight was 3295.8 g (484.1) and mean PM2.5 exposure was 21.3 (14.4) µg/m3. A 1 SD increase in the mass contribution of the fresh sea salt source was associated with a 99.2 g decrease in birthweight (95% CI − 197.7, − 0.6), and aged sea salt was associated with a 70.1 g decrease in birthweight (95% CI − 141.7, 1.4). Magnesium, sodium, and chlorine were associated with lower birthweight, which remained after adjusting for PM2.5 mass. This study found evidence that major sources of personal PM2.5 including fresh and aged sea salt were negatively associated with birthweight, with the strongest effect on birthweight from Na and Mg. The effect of crustal and fuel oil sources differed by infant sex with negative associations seen in boys compared to positive associations in girls.
Endometriosis and epithelial ovarian cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Li , Li Xuri , Wang Yan , Li Guofeng , Dai Shuzhen , Cao Mengying , Meng Zhen , Ren Songtao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEndometriosis, a prevalent condition, has long been recognized as a chronic and debilitating ailment affecting an estimated 1790 million women worldwide. Observational studies have established a correlation between endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Thus, we endeavored to employ Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization, utilizing summary statistics from a Genome-Wide Association Study of endometriosis and epithelial ovarian cancer, with genetic markers serving as proxies for epithelial ovarian cancer. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between these entities, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.23 (95% CI 1.11–1.36). Upon histotype-specific examination, robust evidence emerged for an association of endometriosis with the risk of endometrioid carcinoma (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.24–1.81), clear cell carcinoma (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.75–3.73), and low malignant potential tumors (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.53). These findings provide a theoretical framework for prospective investigations aimed at enhancing the potential therapeutic efficacy of managing endometriosis in averting the onset and progression of ovarian cancer.
A novel primary antibiotic cement-coated locking plate as a temporary fixation for the treatment of open tibial fracture
Authors: Kang Yongqiang , Wu Yongwei , Ma Yunhong , Jia Xueyuan , Zhang Mingyu , Zhou Ming , Lin Fang , Rui Yongjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractComplex lower extremity trauma reconstruction remains a challenge. This study used an internal fixation composite structure of antibiotic cement plates as a temporary fixation to treat lower extremity Grade III open fractures; thus, reducing the treatment period and complications of external fixation. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of this technique in the initial surgery stage. Between January 2018 and March 2021, 20 patients with Gustilo grade IIIB/C open fractures received an antibiotic cement-coated locking plate as a temporary internal fixator during initial surgery. Thorough debridement and temporary internal fixation were performed with a 3.5-mm system antibiotic cement-coated locking plate. Ten patients required free bone fragment removal, followed by bone cement packing. The final stage involved internal fixation and wound repair with a free anterolateral thigh flap. Clinical and imaging results were retrospectively analysed. The repair time ranged 1–7 days. All flaps survived. Two patients experienced wound infection, and one developed severe bone infection 3 months after three-stage bone graft surgery. Autologous cancellous bone grafting was performed on 10 patients with bone defects 6 weeks after surgery. Bone union was universally achieved after 1 year. This method proved safe and effective, successfully repairing Grade III open fractures of the lower extremity 1–7 days post-treatment.
Efficient delivery of methotrexate to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by a pH-responsive ZnO nanocarrier
Authors: Raut Jiko , Sarkar Olivia , Das Tanmoy , Mandal Santi M. , Chattopadhyay Ansuman , Sahoo Prithidipa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX), an efficient chemotherapy medication is used in treating various malignancies. However, the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 has developed resistance to it due to low levels of the MTX transport protein, and reduced folate carrier (RFC), making it less effective against these cancer cells. Here we designed a very simple, biocompatible, and non-toxic amine-capped ZnO quantum dots to overcome the MTX resistance on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The QD was characterized by HRTEM, DLS EDX, FT-IR, UV–Vis, and Fluorescence spectroscopy. MTX loading onto the QD was confirmed through fluorescence and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Additionally, extensive confocal microscopic investigations were carried out to determine whether the MTX was successfully released on the MDA-MB-231 cell line. It was discovered that QD is a better pH-responsive delivery system than the previous ones because it successfully delivers MTX to the MDA-MB-231 at a higher rate on an acidic pH than it does at a physiological pH. QD also has anticancer activity and can eradicate cancer cells on its own. These factors make the QD to be an effective pH-responsive delivery system that can improve the efficacy of the medication in therapeutic diagnosis.
Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals spatial distribution of IL34+ cancer-associated fibroblasts in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment
Authors: Wang Ganggang , Zhou Zhijie , Jin Wenzhi , Zhang Xin , Zhang Hao , Wang Xiaoliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe utilized scRNA-seq, a well-established technology, to uncover the gene expression characteristics of IL34+ CAFs within HCC. We analyzed the related mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo assays. To begin, we acquired scRNA-seq datasets about HCC, which enabled us to identify distinct cell subpopulations within HCC tissues. We conducted a differential analysis to pinpoint DEGs associated with normal fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs. Subsequently, we isolated NFs and CAFs, followed by the sorting of IL34+ CAFs. These IL34+ CAFs were then co-cultured with T cells and HCC cells to investigate their potential role in Tregs infiltration, CD8+ T cell toxicity, and the biological processes of HCC cells. We validated our findings in vivo using a well-established mouse model. Our analysis of HCC tissues revealed the presence of seven primary cell subpopulations, with the most significant disparities observed within fibroblast subpopulations. Notably, high IL34 expression was linked to increased expression of receptor proteins and enhanced proliferative activity within CAFs, with specific expression in CAFs. Furthermore, we identified a substantial positive correlation between IL34 expression and the abundance of Tregs. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that IL34+ CAFs promoted Tregs infiltration while suppressing CD8+ T cell toxicity. Consequently, this promoted the growth and metastasis of HCC. In summary, our study affirms that IL34+ CAFs play a pivotal role in augmenting the proliferative activity of CAFs, facilitating Tregs infiltration, and inhibiting CD8+ T cell toxicity, ultimately fostering the growth and metastasis of HCC.
Urinscreenings auf Betäubungsmittel unter gerichtlichen
Abstinenzauflagen – Vergleichsvalidität von forensischtoxikologischen
Analysen unter Mitwirkung des Öffentlichen
Gesundheitsdienstes
Authors: Kappl Ursula , Huppertz Bernd , Stöver Heino , Stich Heribert 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Erfassung der Vergleichsvalidität zwischen
qualitativen und quantitativen Analysen bei Urinscreenings auf definierte
Betäubungsmittelrückstände unter gerichtlichen
Abstinenzauflagen.
Methodik Nach Einführung eines validen Marker-Systems auf der
Basis der Einnahme einer definierten Zuckersubstanz und deren Nachweis im Urin
von Betroffenen wurden ab dem Jahre 2006 in Amtshilfe für Einrichtungen
der Bewährungshilfe Urinproben auf Nachweise von
Betäubungsmitteln (BTM) an einem bayerischen Gesundheitsamt asserviert
und an ein externes Labor übersandt, um forensisch-toxikologische
Analysen auf definierte BTMs durchzuführen. Die qualitativen und
quantitativen Laborergebnisse wurden dem Gesundheitsamt rückgemeldet,
sodass in der Folgezeit ein digitalbasierter Datensatz von insgesamt 380
Personen mit mehr als 27.000 Einzelanalysen aus insgesamt 14 konsekutiven
Kalenderjahren etabliert und retrospektiv in anonymisierter Form ausgewertet
werden konnte.
Ergebnisse Die Gesamtprävalenzen von BTM-positiven Befunden waren
für die qualitativen mit 2,7% (n=366 von 13.531) und
für die nachfolgenden quantitativen Ergebniskategorisierungen mit
2,6% (n=348 von 13.525) anzugeben, wobei in beiden Testmethoden
am häufigsten Cannabis und Opiate nachgewiesen werden konnten. Unter
Verwendung des Kappa-Koeffizienten als quantitatives Maß für die
Übereinstimmung beider Testverfahren zeigten sich mitunter bei den
Testergebnissen für Buprenorphin mit 1,000 die höchsten und
für PCP mit 0,880 die geringsten Übereinstimmungen. Für
alle zehn unterschiedlichen BTMs waren bei unterschiedlichen
substanzspezifischen Fallzahlen der Analysen keine alters- und
geschlechtsspezifischen Schichtungen festzustellen.
Schlussfolgerung Basierend auf die starken bis sehr starken
Übereinstimmungen zwischen qualitativen und quantitativen
BTM-Analyseergebnissen konnte angenommen werden, dass beide Analyseverfahren
Verstöße gegen Abstinenzauflagen präzise erfassten und
als hinreichend begründend für gerichtliche Entscheidungen
gemäß dem Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BtMG) einzustufen
waren. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Resultate sollte die inhaltliche Ausgestaltung
von BTM-Screenings zur Abstinenzkontrolle diskutiert werden.
Optimizing the number of valid measurements for the attenuation coefficient to assess hepatic steatosis in MAFLD patients: A study of 139 patients who underwent liver biopsy
Authors: Li Xueqi , Huang Xianjue , Cheng Guangwen , Liang Jing , Qiu Luping , Zhang Jubo , Yao Qiyuan , Ding Hong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose We investigated the optimal number of valid measurements (VMs) for the attenuation coefficient (AC) to assess liver steatosis using attenuation imaging (ATI) and explored factors that may affect AC measurement in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).
Materials and Methods A total of 139 patients with MAFLD who underwent ATI and liver biopsy were enrolled. Hepatic steatosis was graded as S0–3 according to the SAF scoring system. The AC values from 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 VMs were compared with the degree of liver steatosis. The correlation between AC values from different VMs was analyzed. The diagnostic performance of AC from different VMs at each steatosis grade was compared. The factors related to AC were identified using linear regression analysis.
Results The mean AC values from 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 VMs were not significantly different between grades S0–3 (p=n.s. for all). Bland-Altman analysis showed the mean difference in AC values of 3 VMs and 7 VMs was 0.003 dB/cm/MHz, which was smaller compared with 2 VMs, and close to 5 VMs. The intraclass correlation coefficients of AC were all > 0.90 among different VM groups. AC values from different VMs all significantly predicted steatosis grade ≥S1, ≥S2, and S3 without significant statistical differences (p=n.s. for all). The multivariate analysis showed that the hepatic steatosis grade and triglyceride level were factors independently associated with AC.
Conclusion Three valid measurements of AC may be adequate to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of hepatic steatosis assessment. The degree of liver steatosis and the triglyceride level significantly affected AC values.
Recent Advances in Photoinduced Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes
Authors: Parasram Marvin , Hussain Waseem A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOxidative cleavage of alkenes leading to valuable carbonyl derivatives is a fundamental transformation in synthetic chemistry. In particular, ozonolysis is the mainstream method for the oxidative cleavage of alkenes that has been widely implemented in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. However, due to the toxicity and explosive nature of ozone, alternative approaches employing transition metals and enzymes in the presence of oxygen and/or strong oxidants have been developed. These protocols are often conducted under harsh reaction conditions that limit the substrate scope. Photochemical approaches can provide milder and more practical alternatives for this synthetically useful transformation. In this review, we outline recent visible-light-promoted oxidative cleavage reactions that involve photocatalytic activation of oxygen via electron transfer and energy transfer. Also, an emerging field featuring visible-light-promoted oxidative cleavage under anaerobic conditions is discussed. The methods highlighted in this review represent a transformative step toward more sustainable and efficient strategies for the oxidative cleavage of alkenes.1	Introduction2	Photochemical Methods for Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes under Aerobic Conditions2.1	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes under Visible Light2.2	Photopromoted Organocatalyzed Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes2.3	Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes with Molecular Iodine under Visible Light2.4	Polymer-Catalyzed Oxidative Cleavage under Visible Light Irradiation2.5	Oxidative Cleavage via Direct Visible Light Excitation with Molecular Oxygen3	Anaerobic Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes under Visible Light4	Conclusion
Literary back-translation, mistranslation, and misattribution
Authors: Washbourne Kelly 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study seeks a threefold exploration of an aspect of Mark Twain’s forays into translation, particularly with
respect to one tale’s fate in its first French version. First, back-translation’s most ostensible purpose is to represent a
foreign language text’s (in)accuracy transparently; Twain, assuming a persona as a naive mistranslator, humorously reinvents the
procedure to disparage a rendering of his work, constituting an act of translation (meta)criticism and producing a work of parody.
The study turns to literary back-translation as an emerging horizon of translation “against our teleological conception of
translation” (Lane 2020a, 6), and a potential source of creative misprision or
misreading. Twain uses literalism, I demonstrate, as a comic strategy to confound sense. I show cases in which Twain indulged in
pseudotranslation and free-associational mistranslation often as imaginative perspective-taking. Secondly, I survey the intrigue
behind his famous back-translation of the jumping frog tale, including its textual variations, and locate it as a subversion.
Thirdly and finally, I perform a comparative reading of representative passages from Twain’s story, the 19th-century translation
by Theodor Bentzon (actually Marie-Thérèse Blanc), and Twain’s vengeful back-translation, in order to reveal patterns of the
American writer’s translation technique.
Green Recovery and Regenerative Tourism: The Success Story of Miso Walai Homestay in Building a Resilient Rural Tourism Destination
Authors: Hosen Nadzirah , Paulino Isabel , Hamzah Amran 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Although green recovery and regenerative tourism are well-documented in the literature, case studies at the destination level are lacking, and this is because the application of these concepts is still in its early stages. Therefore, this case study examines a rural tourism community in Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah (Malaysia). The authors used longitudinal analysis from 2007 to 2019, semi-structured interviews, and participant observations to illustrate how the area has managed to successfully recover from intense deforestation following years of exploitation by timber companies and also cushion the impact of COVID-19. The community pushed for a recovery agenda based on community-based ecotourism and green recovery, which resulted in the growth of regenerative tourism. This study examines how the community has seized new opportunities through ecotourism at Miso Walai Homestay, linked to a community forest-restoration programme, and how these opportunities were intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic to compensate for the lack of tourists. Consequently, this case study shows how Miso Walai Homestay has become a model of a regenerative approach that promotes a resilient rural tourism destination. Key success factors have been the agile community leadership, an early start in community forest restoration, partnerships with volunteer organizations, the establishment of trust and reputation, the promotion of citizen science, and the embrace of green recovery initiatives.
This case highlights the success of Miso Walai Homestay in leveraging green recovery initiatives to cushion the financial impact of two situations. First, after the withdrawal of the timber companies from the Kinabatangan region (Malaysia), a new model of community-based tourism was established through a community forest restoration programme. Second, during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic, income streams were consolidated from green recovery. The Miso Walai Homestay enjoyed a subsequent recovery stage in tandem with the gradual return of international tourists.

Information
© The Authors 2023
How understanding large language models can inform the use of ChatGPT in physics education
Authors: Polverini Giulia , Gregorcic Bor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe paper aims to fulfil three main functions: (1) to serve as an introduction for the physics education community to the functioning of large language models (LLMs), (2) to present a series of illustrative examples demonstrating how prompt-engineering techniques can impact LLMs performance on conceptual physics tasks and (3) to discuss potential implications of the understanding of LLMs and prompt engineering for physics teaching and learning. We first summarise existing research on the performance of a popular LLM-based chatbot (ChatGPT) on physics tasks. We then give a basic account of how LLMs work, illustrate essential features of their functioning, and discuss their strengths and limitations. Equipped with this knowledge, we discuss some challenges with generating useful output withChatGPT-4in the context of introductory physics, paying special attention to conceptual questions and problems. We then provide a condensed overview of relevant literature on prompt engineering and demonstrate through illustrative examples how selected prompt-engineering techniques can be employed to improveChatGPT-4’s output on conceptual introductory physics problems. Qualitatively studying these examples provides additional insights into ChatGPT’s functioning and its utility in physics problem-solving. Finally, we consider how insights from the paper can inform the use of LLMs in the teaching and learning of physics.
Liquid treatment with a plasma jet surrounded by a gas shield: effect of the treated substrate and gas shield geometry on the plasma effluent conditions
Authors: Heirman Pepijn , Verloy Ruben , Baroen Jana , Privat-Maldonado Angela , Smits Evelien , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The treatment of a well plate by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet is common for in vitro plasma medicine research. Here, reactive species are largely produced through the mixing of the jet effluent with the surrounding atmosphere. This mixing can be influenced not only by the ambient conditions, but also by the geometry of the treated well. To limit this influence and control the atmosphere, a shielding gas is sometimes applied. However, the interplay between the gas shield and the well geometry has not been investigated. In this work, we developed a 2D-axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics model of the kINPen plasma jet, to study the mixing of the jet effluent with the surrounding atmosphere, with and without gas shield. Our computational and experimental results show that the choice of well type can have a significant influence on the effluent conditions, as well as on the effectiveness of the gas shield. Furthermore, the geometry of the shielding gas device can substantially influence the mixing as well. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how the choice of setup geometry can influence the plasma treatment, even when all other operating parameters are unchanged.
High performance photodetector based on CdS/CdS0.42Se0.58 nanobelts heterojunction
Authors: Ma Ran , Tan Qiuhong , Liu Yingkai , Wang Qianjin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The ternary alloy CdS
x
Se1−x
combines the physical properties of CdS and CdSe, and its band gap can be adjusted by changing the element composition. The alloy has charming photoelectric properties as well as potential application value in photoelectric devices. In this work, the CdS/CdS0.42Se0.58 nanobelt (NB) heterojunction device was prepared by chemical vapor deposition combined with a typical dry transfer technique. The heterojunction photodetector shows high light switching ratio of 6.79 × 104, large spectral responsivity of 1260 A W−1, high external quantum efficiency of 2.66 × 105% and large detectivity of 7.19 × 1015cm Hz1/2 W−1 under 590 nm illumination and 3 V bias. Its rise and decay time is about 45/90 μs. The performance of the heterojunction photodetector was comparable or even better than that of other CdS(Se) based photodetector device. The results indicate that the CdS/CdS0.42Se0.58 NB heterojunction possesses a promising potential application in high performance photodetectors.