bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic factors impact children’s moral development in postwar Taiwan: Modeling naturalistic observations from historical texts
Authors: Sui Zhining , Wang Qinyan , Xu Jing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A core issue in the interdisciplinary study of human morality is its ontogeny in diverse cultures, but systematic, naturalistic data in specific cultural contexts are rare to find. This study conducts a novel analysis of 213 children’s socio-moral behavior in a historical, non-Western, rural setting, based on a unique dataset of naturalistic observations from the first field research on Han Chinese children. Using multilevel multinomial modeling, we examined a range of proactive behaviors in 0-to-12-year-old children’s peer cooperation and conflict in an entire community in postwar Taiwan. We modeled the effects of age, sex, kinship and behavioral roles, and revealed complex interactions between these four variables in shaping children’s moral development. We discovered linkages between coercive and non-coercive behaviors as children strategically negotiated leadership dynamics. We identified connections between prosocial and aggressive behaviors, illuminating the nuances of morality in real life. Our analysis also revealed gendered patterns and age-related trends that deviated from cultural norms and contradicted popular assumptions about Chinese family values. These findings highlight the importance of naturalistic observations in cultural contexts for understanding how we become moral persons. This re-analysis of historically significant fieldnotes also enriches the interdisciplinary study of child development across societies.
Preparation of shape memory polyurethane composite materials by grafting PCL onto CNFs with different carboxyl content
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Basta Altaf. H , Liu Rui , Fu Shiyu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presented the preparation of cellulose nanofiber (CNFs) with different amount of carboxyl groups from rice straw pulp using TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation system. It is found that the obtained CNFs were in nano fibers with an average diameter of 6 nm and an average length of 160 nm. Subsequently, the CNFs were grafted with polycaprolactone (PCL) to form the grafted product CNFs-g-PCL, which was blended with shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) to obtain CNFs-g-PCL/SMPU composites. The graft ratio of PCL on CNFs decreased from 24.6–10.7% as the carboxyl content in CNFs increased 0.35mmol/g to 1.14mmol/g. So the hydrophobicity of the grafted product (CNFs-g-PCL) also decreases as the carboxyl content increases in CNFs. When the addition of CNFs-g-PCL was 10%, the elastic modulus (up to 54.4%) and tensile stress (up to 67.3%) of the CNFs-g-PCL / SMPU composite were both higher than those of the pure SMPU. In addition, the shape retention and shape recovery rates of the composite did not significantly change after the addition of CNFs-g-PCL. Therefore, the addition of CNFs-g-PCL can improve the mechanical properties of SMPU while maintaining its shape memory properties.
Morphological trait characterization of Enset(Ensete ventricosum landrace with Quantitative and Qualitative methods, in Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Mitiku Ashenafi , Fikre Kibebew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a perennial plant growing from 1200masl to 3100 masl and used as a major multipurpose crop in Ethiopia. Quantitative characterization of Enset is one of the curtail information to determine the yield of enset and qualitative characterization is important to determine the genetic variability of Enset. Wolkite University was conserving enset landrace since 2014, which is collected in different enset growing areas with the objective of morphological characterization of Enset landrace with both quantitative and qualitative trait characterization methods at the Yefereziye Enset conservation site from 2020 to 2021. The evaluation was conducted as a single plot experiment method with a total of 15 plants within a column, and each plant was planted with the size of 1.5m intervals. The data were collected randomly and tagged with five Enset landraces within a row. The data shows a higher significance (P < 0.001) within the enset landrace. Based on Pseudostem height, Pseudostem circumference, and plant height quantitative characterization, the following enset landrace Ankogena(136.6cm(1.34m), 127.8cm(1.3m) and 466.6cm(4.67m)), Ginbeniye (113.6cm(1.14m), 156cm (1.56m) and 354cm(3.54m)) and Erake (119cm(1.2m), 124.8cm(1.25m) and 410.4cm(4.1m)) enset landrace the higher performance respectively followed by Lemat, Fereziye, Gimbwe and Keribote enset landrace. Whereas the lower enset landrace performance was recorded from Cherkiwe (88cm(0.88m), 60.6cm(0.61m), and 336.6cm(3.4m)) and Ayides 55.4cm(0.55m), 6 8.4cm(0.68m) and 208cm 2.08m)) respectively. From the data, Ankogena, Ginbeniye, and Erake enset landrace were a higher performance compared to another enset landrace and recommended to the local farmer and for all food-insecure countries cultivating enset landrace to improve the livelihood.
An In Vivo Comparison of Trueness and Precision of a Novel Method to Improve Edentulous Intra-Oral Digital Scanner Accuracy with Full Arch Implant Scan Body Capture
Authors: Nulty Adam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this in vivo study is to evaluate the full arch scan accuracy (precision and trueness) of two digital intra-oral scanners when using two variants of a novel method in an edentulous full arch implant case. Previous studies have compared the accuracy of intra-oral scanners, which have proven to be adequately accurate in dentate arches but are less accurate in edentulous arches which is critical in importance within the field of dental implant restorations where passivity is required;
Methods
The present in vivo study compared two different intraoral scanners (Primescan and i700 ) to investigate the accuracy of each scanner both with and without the novel method of using two variants of the Scan Ladder system by examining the overall trueness and precision compared to a verified lab scan of a traditional impression cast as the master STL. A comparison was made with the master STL using a direct implant position analysis using a positional change calculator. The results were recorded and the data compared using SPSS statistical software;
Results
In the present study, the overall trueness was significantly more accurate with each scanner using the novel method with either variant.
Conclusions
This study confirms that intra-oral digital scanners cannot capture a reliable, reproducible full arch implant scan in edentulous patients without a scanning aid such as the Scan Ladder. The study also confirms that the novel method provides increased levels of accuracy to each scanner used.
Exploring Health Literacy in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Comprehensive Study on Access to Information, Teleorientation, and Social Media Engagement in Brazil
Authors: Silva Isabela Mayá Wayhs , Gil-da-Silva-Lopes Vera Lúcia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Health literacy enables individuals to access, comprehend, and utilize essential health information and services to make informed decisions about their well-being. In Brazil, disparities in access to education persist, raising concerns regarding health literacy, particularly in the complex context of rare genetic diseases. One such condition is the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2 DS), a rare and heterogeneous genetic disorder that demands multidisciplinary lifelong healthcare support. This paper addresses the health literacy of Brazilian individuals with 22q11.2 DS and their caregivers. It explores the potential use of teleorientation and social media accounts for disseminating scientific knowledge about 22q11.2 DS, addressing families' doubts, and surveying to assess comprehension of the disease.
Results
The findings underscore the knowledge gap among caregivers of people with 22q11.2. The main doubts of the families remain on recognition and care of 22q11.2 DS clinical signs. The gap of knowledge about 22q11.2 DS, in turn, significantly affects aspects of the quality of life of caregivers associated with the environment of residence.
Conclusions
This study highlights the intricate correlation between education, health literacy, access to healthcare, and quality of life in families affected by 22q11.2 DS. Within this context, this article brings a set of strategies that can contribute to improving health literacy regarding 22q11.2 DS in Brazil.
Assessing the Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Health Risks of Metals in the Drinking Water of Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Moradnia Maryam , Movahedianattar Hossein , Hajizadeh Yaghoub , Lundh Thomas , Darvishmotevalli Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Metals are significant contributors to water pollution, posing serious threats to human health. This study aims to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with metals in Isfahan drinking water. Eighty water samples were randomly collected from the city's distribution network between January and March 2020–2021. Inductively coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure toxic metals, namely Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Results revealed that the mean concentration of Ni (70.03 µg/L) exceeded the WHO reference value (70 µg/L), while the other metals were below the standard values. The average chronic daily intake order of toxic metals was Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment through hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) demonstrated that both HQ total (HQingestion +HQdermal ) and HItotal (HIingestion +HIdermal ) were below the acceptable limit (less than 1). This indicated no non-carcinogenic risk to residents through water ingestion or dermal exposure. However, findings indicated that the ingestion route was the primary exposure pathway, with HQ values for ingestion exceeding HQ values for dermal adsorption. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk associated with the studied toxic metals exceeded the acceptable limit (1×10 − 6). Therefore, implementing treatment improvement programs and appropriate control measures is essential to safeguard the health of Isfahan City residents.
Low-Cost Otolaryngology Simulation Models for Early-Stage Trainees: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nzisabira Joselyne , Nuss Sarah , Candelo Estephanía , Oumo Ernest Aben , Shah Keshav V. , Kim Eric K. , Wiedermann Joshua , Masimbi Ornella , Shimelash Natnael , Xu Mary Jue 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Importance:
There is a notable lack of low-cost OHNS simulation models that are relevant for early medical trainees and students. By conducting this study, we will understand the current landscape of low-cost otolaryngology-head and neck surgery simulation for early medical trainees and students.
Objectives:
Medical simulation is essential for surgical training yet is often too expensive and inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS), while simulation training is often focused on senior residents and specialists, there is a critical need to target general practitioners who carry a significant load of OHNS care in countries with limited OHNS providers. This scoping review aims to describe affordable, effective OHNS simulation models for early-stage trainees and non-OHNS specialists in resource-limited settings and discuss gaps in the literature.
Evidence Review:
This scoping review followed the five stages of Arksey and O’Malley’s Scoping Review Methodology. Seven databases were used to search for articles. Included articles discussed physical models of the ear, nose, or throat described as “low-cost,” “cost-effective,” or defined as <$150 if explicitly stated; related to the management of common and emergent OHNS conditions; and geared towards undergraduate students, medical, dental, or nursing students, and/or early-level residents.
Findings:
Of the 1706 studies screened, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in HICs. Most models were low fidelity (less anatomically realistic) models. The most common simulated skills were peritonsillar abscess aspiration and cricothyrotomy. Information on cost was limited, and locally sourced materials were infrequently mentioned. Simulations were evaluated using questionnaires and direct observation.
Conclusion and Relevance:
Low-cost simulation models can be beneficial for early medical trainees and students in LMICs, addressing resource constraints and improving skill acquisition. However, there is a notable lack of contextually relevant, locally developed, and cost-effective models. This study summarizes existing low-cost OHNS simulation models for early-stage trainees and highlights the need for additional locally sourced models. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of these models.
Redefining copy number variation and single-nucleotide polymorphism counting via novel concepts based on recent PCR enhancements.
Authors: Park Byoung Chul , Kim Jae Jong , Park Hyoung-Min , Kyoung A. Young , Lim Si-Kyu , Lee J. Eugene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Human genes exist as numerous copy number variations (CNV) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that exert control over the majority of the bodies’ core functions. By virtue of numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we now know that CNVs and SNPs can coexist in certain genomic regions, amplifying expression, regulation, and susceptibility effects. Because of the significant impact of CNVs and SNPs, research groups worldwide have eagerly sought an adequate method for measuring both simultaneously only to end as measured separately. To overcome the current limitations, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based novel approach which combines primers designed by the STexS method with multiplex probes used in the STexS II method. The method successfully measured both CNVs and SNPs of CYP2A6 and CYP2A7 in a single quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Further testing of 100 human genomic DNA samples enabled calculation of the overall frequency of [T] and [G] components within an East Asian population, yielding results that were not only highly congruent with a previous NIH database, but also correcting it. The novel method should redefine genetic profiling and could provide a means to not only successfully predict one’s genetic characteristics, but further enhance personalized medicine and individualized treatments.
A Systematic Review of Studies on Public Health Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Visualizing their Structure using Co-Occurrence and VOSviewer Software
Authors: Wei Huimin , Lu Liyun , Xu Yanhua , Lu Xiaoxu , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiaoyun , Huang Zhijie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, many public health issues have arisen. However, based on bibliometric analyses, little attention has been paid to overall trends in this area. This study sought to describe the status of public health events in the COVID-19 pandemic using systematic review of high-quality research evidence, thereby revealing the trend of public health during COVID-19, research hotspots, and provide lessons and references for future research in the field of public health emergencies.
Methods
Co-Occurrence and VOSviewer bibliometric methods were used to analyze the literature related to the public health during COVID-19 in the Web of Science (WOS) core database. The public health characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic were explored by analyzing the number of publications, countries, institutions, and keywords.
Results
This study included 1911 original research articles and reviews in English on public health issues during the pandemic. The United States, China, and England are the main forces in this field, and they collaborate closely with each other. Research institutions in each country are dominated by universities, with the University of Toronto being the most productive institution in the world. The authors with most publications are Larson, Looi, and Neumark-sztainer. Visual analysis shows that the main focus of research are characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic, problems encountered by Citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic and responses to Public Health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions
These results reveal emerging research on public health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the impacts caused by the pandemic on public health determinants.
Automated remote sleep monitoring needs machine learning with uncertainty quantification
Authors: Heremans Elisabeth , Bulcke Laura Van den , Seedat Nabeel , Devulder Astrid , Borzée Pascal , Buyse Bertien , Testelmans Dries , Bossche Maarten Van Den , Schaar Mihaela van der , De Vos Maarten 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Wearable electroencephalography (EEG) devices emerge as a cost-effective and ergonomic alternative to gold standard polysomnography, paving the way for better health monitoring and sleep disorder screening. Machine learning allows to automate sleep stage classification, but trust and reliability issues have hampered its adoption in clinical applications. Estimating uncertainty is a crucial factor in enhancing reliability by identifying regions of heightened and diminished confidence. In this study, we investigated the utility of an uncertainty-centered machine learning pipeline, U-PASS, on sleep staging in a challenging real-world dataset of single-channel EEG and accelerometry collected with a wearable device from elderly sleep apnea patients. We demonstrated that U-PASS effectively limited the uncertainty at training time and communicated uncertainty to clinical experts at deployment time to improve the machine learning model's reliability. This effectively increased the 5-stage sleep scoring accuracy of a state-of-the-art machine learning model from 63.9% to 71.2% on our dataset. Remarkably, the machine learning approach outperformed the human expert in interpreting these wearable data. Manual review by sleep specialists, without specific training for sleep staging on wearable EEG, proved ineffective. The diagnostic capabilities of this automated remote monitoring system were also demonstrated, establishing a strong correlation between the predicted sleep features and the most important clinical marker for sleep apnea. In essence, an automated data processing pipeline enhanced with uncertainty estimation presents a promising avenue to unlock the full potential of machine learning in revolutionizing remote patient care.
Causal association of sarcopenia with brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhan yuxuan , Zhang Zhiyun , Lin Siyi , Du Bang , Wu Jian , Xu Hongxia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with sarcopenia are often accompanied by cognitive decline even affecting cortical structures, however, the causal link has not been explained. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to explain the relationship between muscle and cortical structure.
Methods
Genome-wide association studies summary data of appendicular lean mass (ALM) in 450,243 UK Biobank participants were used to identify genetically predicted ALM. Data from 454,633 individuals from UK Biobank were used to assess genetically determined body fat percentage (BFP); 461,089 participants from the UK Biobank were used to evaluate genetically predicted right-hand grip strength (HGS-R); 461,026 participants from the UK Biobank were used to evaluate genetically predicted left-hand grip strength (HGS-L). Further, data from 51,665 patients from the ENIGMA Consortium were used to assess the relationship between ALM, BFP, HGS-L, and HGS-R with alterations in cortical thickness (TH) or surficial area (SA) of the brain. We used three different MR methods: inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median test. For significant estimates, we further used Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analyses and MR-PRESSO to assess heterogeneity.
Results
At the global level, the genetically predicted HGS-R significantly linked to the increase of global SA (β = 5048.6960 mm2, 95% CI: 2123.3746 mm2 to 7974.0174 mm2, P = 0.0007). At the functional region level, ALM was found to significantly decrease the TH of lateral occipital gyrus (β = -0.0079 mm, 95% CI: -0.0117 mm to -0.0041 mm, P = 4.17 × 10− 5) and notably increase the TH of pars opercularis gyrus(β = 0.008 mm, 95% CI: 0.0042 mm to 0.0117 mm, P = 3.12 × 10− 5);BFP significantly raised the TH of the superior parietal gyrus (β = -0.0136 mm, 95% CI: 0.0066 mm to 0.0207 mm, P = 1.61 × 10− 4).
Conclusions
Our study shows a significant association between sarcopenia and cortical structure, supporting the muscle-brain axis theory. Brain MRI could potentially be utilized for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders in individuals with sarcopenia, and patients with sarcopenia may improve cognition through exercise.
Mortality risk model to predict bacterial infection in the paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Hou Ming-Hui , Qu Jing-Xin , Dai Zhen-Yuan , Li Xv-Feng , Yang Ke-xin , Liu Zi-Feng , Chen Zhuang-Gui , Li Ya-Ting 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Bacterial infections have historically posed a substantial threat to the survival of children in intensive care unit. Predicting high mortality risk in children due to bacterial infections is crucial for prevention and management, but there is currently no effective predictive method. In this study, we investigated a novel approach to address this challenge.Methods We utilized the Paediatric Intensive Care (PIC) database for this study. Hospitalised children with positive bacterial cultures were divided into three groups: positive culture, gram-positive, and gram-negative groups. We extracted data on demographics, vital signs, and laboratory analyses within 24 h of admission. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and XGBoost algorithms were employed to select and rank important features, and a logistic regression (LR) algorithm was used for model development with varying numbers of features. Evaluation of the models was done using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared against the Paediatric Mortality Risk Score III (PRISM III), Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score-2 (PELOD-2), and Paediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (P-MODS).Results A total of 3695 children with bacterial infections were included. We developed LR models for three distinct groups of infection separately. These models demonstrated superior performance in predicting mortality risk compared to the PRISM III, PELOD-2, and P-MODS, achieving ROC-AUC(Receiver Operating Characteristic - Area Under the Curve) scores over 0.70.Conclusion This study created models for forecasting mortality risk in children with bacterial infections. The final models outperform traditional scoring models in predicting mortality while utilising fewer features. Additionally, these models are more comprehensible for paediatricians.