bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of low molecular weight heparin and different heparin molecular weight fractions on the activity of the matrix‐degrading enzyme aggrecanase: Structure–function relationship
Authors: Mousa Shaker A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe matrix‐degrading enzyme aggrecanase has been identified in cartilage and is largely responsible for cartilage breakdown. The present study determined the efficacy of different heparin molecular weight fractions (HMWFs) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) on aggrecanase activity. Aggrecanase activity was determined using biotinylated peptide substrate, which was immobilized onto streptavidin‐coated 96‐well plates; aggrecanase enzyme was then added. Proteolysis of the substrate at the specific amide bond was detected using specific antibody for the neoepitope generated. HMWFs ranging from 1,700 to 12,000 Da demonstrated a concentration‐dependent inhibitory efficacy of aggrecanase activity, with a Ki ranging from 5,000 nM down to 1 nM as a function of the molecular weight. The higher the molecular weight distribution, the greater the inhibitory efficacy of the heparin fragments toward aggrecanase activity. The absence or presence of antithrombin did not alter the affinity of heparin in inhibiting aggrecanase. Additionally, tissue factor pathway inhibitor at various levels did not alter the activity of aggrecanase. LMWHs demonstrated different levels of potency in inhibiting aggrecanase activity as a function of their average molecular weight distribution. Tinzaparin (average molecular weight = 6,500 Da) and enoxaparin (average molecular weight = 4,500 Da) demonstrated a Ki of 20 and 80 nM, respectively. The aggrecanase inhibitory effect of LMWH might contribute to blocking inflammation and tumor invasion by inhibiting aggrecanase activity and maintaining an intact extracellular matrix barrier. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in teens and adults: They don't all outgrow it
Authors: Resnick Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been long recognized and well established in children, but its continuation into adulthood has only recently been supported by the research. ADHD symptoms and concerns typically appear differently in adults, but treatment options, conceptually at least, are similar to those used for children who have ADHD. This article introduces the issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session devoted to ADHD in teens and adults. It presents the prevalence and manifestations of the disorder and then reviews the subsequent articles on the comorbidity, evaluation, education, psychopharmacology, and psychosocial treatments of ADHD for teens and adults. The issue concludes with an article on neurobiofeedback, a relatively new treatment option. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 529–533, 2005.
ADHD couple and family relationships: Enhancing communication and understanding through Imago Relationship Therapy
Authors: Robbins Carol Ann 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis article reviews the relationship deficits experienced by many individuals who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and proposes effective strategies, based on Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT), to assist them in communicating more effectively. The neurological underpinnings of the disorder often contribute to the development of poor social and communication skills and can lead to a lifetime of relationship difficulties. IRT, a brain‐based approach, is compatible with the neurological challenges of living with ADHD because it slows the communication process, provides structure, reduces reactivity, and helps individuals to be fully present so that their loved one can feel fully heard and understood. The couple's dialogue strengthens relationships by encouraging the development of stronger listening skills, better self‐control, and problem solving. Two case examples illustrate the clinical methods used. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 565–577, 2005.
Comparison between three‐dimensional volume‐selective turbo spin‐echo imaging and two‐dimensional ultrasound for assessing carotid artery structure and function
Authors: Crowe Lindsey A. , Ariff Ben , Keegan Jennifer , Mohiaddin Raad H. , Yang Guang Zhong , Hughes Alun D. , McG. Thom Simon A. , Firmin David N. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare a volume‐selective three‐dimensional turbo spin echo (TSE) technique with ultrasound (US) for assessing carotid artery wall structure and function.Materials and MethodsA three‐dimensional volume‐selective TSE technique was used to image the carotid artery in 10 healthy subjects and five hypertensive subjects (each of whom were scanned three times while they received different hypertension treatments). Lumen and wall area were measured on MR images. Two‐dimensional US measurements of the intima‐media thickness (IMT) and lumen diameter were taken in three orientations through a single cross section. The lumen area change over the cardiac cycle was used to determine distension. For validation, a Bland‐Altman analysis was used to compare the vessel wall and lumen areas measured by three‐dimensional MRI volumes with those obtained by US scans.ResultsAgreement between the two methods was found. The mean difference in distension between US and MRI was 1.2% (±5.1%). For the wall area measurements, good agreement was shown, but there was a systematic difference due to the visualization of the adventitia by MRI. Both techniques offer an easy way to objectively measure lumen indices. MRI can provide the complete circumference over the length of a vessel, while US is flexible and relatively inexpensive. The application of US is limited, however, when subjects are poorly echogenic. A difference between hypertensive and healthy subjects was found.ConclusionThere was a good agreement between MRI and the clinically established two‐dimensional US method. The MRI method has the advantage of providing increased vessel coverage, which permits one to assess localized abnormalities without assuming vessel uniformity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:282–289. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An automated algorithm for combining multivoxel MRS data acquired with phased‐array coils
Authors: Maril Nimrod , Lenkinski Robert E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo develop a fully automated algorithm for combining multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data acquired with a phased‐array coil.Materials and MethodsThe frequency‐domain fitting method of LCModel (Provencher SW, Magn Reson Med 1993;30:672–679) was utilized to analyze the individual data sets. The phase corrections and the metabolite areas were then extracted from the LCModel output files for each individual spectrum. These areas were used to determine the dominant metabolite for each spatial location and to combine the individual spectra in a weighted manner.ResultsThe combination of MRS data acquired from a phantom and the brains of normal volunteers with a four array coil yielded improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in all voxels. The average improvement in SNR of the combined spectrum, as compared with the best of the individual spectra at each spatial location, was 1.4. In the phantom, the predicted SNR improvement of two‐fold was achieved at the center of the sample. In the brain, the maximum improvement was 1.8, due to sampling of the ventricles in the center of the sample.ConclusionThe method described in this report provides a means for employing phased‐array coils in MRS with the same advantages as those found in MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:317–322. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mechanism of ring enhancement in hepatocellular carcinoma on superparamagnetic iron oxide–enhanced T1‐weighted images: An investigation into peritumoral Kupffer cells
Authors: Tanimoto Akihiro , Wakabayashi Go , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Okuda Shigeo , Kuribayashi Sachio , Mukai Makio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the mechanism of ring enhancement on ferumoxides‐enhanced T1‐weighted (T1W) gradient echo images in malignant focal hepatic lesions.Materials and MethodsEighteen patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent breath‐hold T1‐, T2‐, and T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images at 1.5‐Tesla after ferumoxides administration. The existence of ring enhancement on T1W, and the maximum size of the area showing decreased phagocytic activity on T2W and T2*W, and that of the area showing ring enhancement on T1W were evaluated. The Kupffer cell (KC) density of HCC itself and peritumoral liver parenchyma was assessed with KC stain sections.ResultsRing enhancement was noted in 13 of 18 HCC (72%). Peritumoral KC density was increased in the ring enhancement (+) group as compared with the ring enhancement (−) group. In the ring enhancement (+) group, the tumor size measured on T2W was smaller than that measured on either T1W or T2*W, suggesting a sustained T1 relaxation effect and a decreased T2* relaxation effect in the peritumoral regions.ConclusionRing enhancement on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐enhanced T1W may correlate with increased KC density and decreased SPIO clustering in KC in peritumoral regions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:230–236. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multislice MR first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging: Impact of the receiver coil array
Authors: Hoffmann Martin H.K. , Schmid Florian T. , Jeltsch Martin , Wunderlich Arthur , Duerk Jeffrey L. , Schmitz Bernd , Aschoff Andrik J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare a new 12‐element body phased‐array coil with a conventional four‐element surface receiver coil array to provide increased signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) for cardiac steady state free precession (SSFP) perfusion imaging.Materials and MethodsThirteen consecutive patients were included in the study. Patients were examined both with a four‐element surface coil array and a 12‐element body coil array. First‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging using saturation recovery SSFP was acquired during antecubital injection of Gd‐DTPA. Imaging parameters: TR 2.8 msec/TE 1.3 msec, flip angle 50°, bandwidth 960 Hz/pixel and half‐Fourier acquisition. SNR was calculated using six regions of interest (ROI) for the myocardial perfusion scans. Calculations of corresponding ROIs using the two different coil setups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Semiquantitative perfusion parameters were calculated for both groups.ResultsThe mean SNR in myocardial perfusion imaging increased by 21% using the 12‐element coil setup (P < 0.001) when compared to the four‐element coil. ROI comparisons revealed an increased signal inhomogeneity with the 12‐element coil when compared to four‐element coil experiments. Absolute normal range values of semiquantitative perfusion parameters were consistently higher using the 12‐element coil setup (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe 12‐element coil array provides higher SNR, but these improvements come with trade‐offs in image homogeneity. Increased SNR translates into higher semiquantitative perfusion values and offers the potential for improved detection of perfusion defects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:310–316. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can a single‐shot black‐blood T2‐weighted spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence with sensitivity encoding replace the respiratory‐triggered turbo spin‐echo sequence for the liver? an optimization and feasibility study
Authors: Hussain Shahid M. , De Becker Jan , Hop Wim C.J. , Dwarkasing Soendersing , Wielopolski Piotr A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo optimize and assess the feasibility of a single‐shot black‐blood T2‐weighted spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SSBB‐EPI) sequence for MRI of the liver using sensitivity encoding (SENSE), and compare the results with those obtained with a T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo (TSE) sequence.Materials and MethodsSix volunteers and 16 patients were scanned at 1.5T (Philips Intera). In the volunteer study, we optimized the SSBB‐EPI sequence by interactively changing the parameters (i.e., the resolution, echo time (TE), diffusion weighting with low b‐values, and polarity of the phase‐encoding gradient) with regard to distortion, suppression of the blood signal, and sensitivity to motion. The influence of each change was assessed. The optimized SSBB‐EPI sequence was applied in patients (N = 16). A number of items, including the overall image quality (on a scale of 1–5), were used for graded evaluation. In addition, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the liver was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out with the use of Wilcoxon's signed rank test for comparison of the SSBB‐EPI and TSE sequences, with P = 0.05 considered the limit for significance.ResultsThe SSBB‐EPI sequence was improved by the following steps: 1) less frequency points than phase‐encoding steps, 2) a b‐factor of 20, and 3) a reversed polarity of the phase‐encoding gradient. In patients, the mean overall image quality score for the optimized SSBB‐EPI (3.5 (range: 1–4)) and TSE (3.6 (range: 3–4)), and the SNR of the liver on SSBB‐EPI (mean ± SD = 7.6 ± 4.0) and TSE (8.9 ± 4.6) were not significantly different (P > .05).ConclusionOptimized SSBB‐EPI with SENSE proved to be feasible in patients, and the overall image quality and SNR of the liver were comparable to those achieved with the standard respiratory‐triggered T2‐weighted TSE sequence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:219–229. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late Holocene great earthquakes and relative sea‐level change at Kenai, southern Alaska
Authors: Hamilton Sarah , Shennan Ian 
Published: February 2005

AbstractKenai, located on the west coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, subsided during the great earthquake of AD 1964. Regional land subsidence is recorded within the estuarine stratigraphy as peat overlain by tidal silt and clay. Reconstructions using quantitative diatom transfer functions estimate co‐seismic subsidence (relative sea‐level rise) between 0.28±0.28 m and 0.70±0.28 m followed by rapid post‐seismic recovery. Stratigraphy records an earlier co‐seismic event as a second peat‐silt couplet, dated to ∼1500–1400 cal. yr BP with 1.14±0.28 m subsidence. Two decimetre‐scale relative sea‐level rises are more likely the result of glacio‐isostatic responses to late Holocene and Little Ice Age glacier expansions rather than to co‐seismic subsidence during great earthquakes.Comparison with other sites around Cook Inlet, at Girdwood and Ocean View, helps in constructing regional patterns of land‐level change associated with three great earthquakes, AD 1964, ∼950–850 cal. yr BP and ∼1500–1400 cal. yr BP. Each earthquake has a different spatial pattern of co‐seismic subsidence which indicates that assessment of seismic hazard in southern Alaska requires an understanding of multiple great earthquakes, not only the most recent. All three earthquakes show a pre‐seismic phase of gradual land subsidence that marked the end of relative land uplift caused by inter‐seismic strain accumulation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two Methods to Generate Multiple Compositions in Combinatorial Ink‐Jet Printing of Ceramics
Authors: Wang Jian , Mohebi Mohammad Masoud , Evans Julian R. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary:Combinatorial exploration of material compositions and associated informatics having influenced medicinal chemistry are now transforming the material sciences. In ceramic science, both thin and thick film combinatorial techniques are available. Ink‐jet printing provides a pathway to the latter. Mixing behind the nozzle and in front of the nozzle in well plates is described here. Such instruments are described and compared, and compositional calibration details for both are given.Calibration library printed from a ceramic ternary system.magnified imageCalibration library printed from a ceramic ternary system.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 4/2005
Authors: Tekin Emine , Holder Elisabeth , Marin Veronica , de Gans Berend‐Jan , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2005

Cover: The cover shows various aspects of ink‐jet printing of polymers: a thickness library of films of electroluminescent polymer, ink‐jet printing polymers on a MALDI target and a chainlike structure that remains after ink‐jet printing a line of polymer‐containing droplets. The foreground shows an ejected droplet of butylacetate with various satellite droplets.Further details can be found in the Communication by E. Tekin, E. Holder, V. Marin, B.‐J. de Gans, and U. S. Schubert* on page 293.
Spatial characterization of T1 and T2 relaxation times and the water apparent diffusion coefficient in rabbit Achilles tendon subjected to tensile loading
Authors: Wellen J. , Helmer K. G. , Grigg P. , Sotak C. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTendons exhibit viscoelastic mechanical behavior under tensile loading. The elasticity arises from the collagen chains that form fibrils, while the viscous response arises from the interaction of the water with the solid matrix. Therefore, an understanding of the behavior of water in response to the application of a load is crucial to the understanding of the origin of the viscous response. Three‐dimensional MRI mapping of rabbit Achilles tendons was performed at 2.0 T to characterize the response of T1 and T2 relaxation times and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water to tensile loading. The ADC was measured in directions both parallel (ADC∥) and perpendicular (ADC⟂) to the long axis of the tendon. At a short diffusion time (5.8 ms) MR parameter maps showed the existence of two regions, here termed “core” and “rim”, that exhibited statistically significant differences in T1, T2, and ADC⟂ under the baseline loading condition. MR parameter maps were also generated at a second loading condition of ∼1 MPa. At a diffusion time of 5.8 ms, there was a statistically significant increase in the rim region for both ADC⟂ (57.5%) and ADC∥ (20.5%) upon tensile loading. The changes in core ADC(⟂, ∥), as well as the relaxation parameters in both core and rim regions, were not statistically significant. The effect of diffusion time on the ADC(⟂, ∥) values was investigated by creating maps at three additional diffusion times (50.0, 125.0, 250.0 ms) using a diffusion‐weighted, stimulated‐echo (DW‐STE) pulse sequence. At longer diffusion times, ADC(⟂, ∥) values increased rather than approaching a constant value. This observation was attributed to T1 spin‐editing during the DW‐STE pulse sequence, which resulted in the loss of short‐T1 components (with correspondingly lower ADCs) at longer diffusion times (corroborating the results from earlier spectroscopic work). The T1 spin‐editing effect was observed both in the core and in the rim regions of the tendon and hence was not solely due to the redistribution of water from the core to the rim upon loading. A measure reflective of the regional change in proton density was noted to be consistent with tensile‐load‐induced water transport from the central to the peripheral tendon region. Magn Reson Med 53:535–544, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
k‐space undersampling in PROPELLER imaging
Authors: Arfanakis Konstantinos , Tamhane Ashish A. , Pipe James G. , Anastasio Mark A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPROPELLER MRI (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) provides images with significantly fewer B0‐related artifacts than echo‐planar imaging (EPI), as well as reduced sensitivity to motion compared to conventional multiple‐shot fast spin‐echo (FSE). However, the minimum imaging time in PROPELLER is markedly longer than in EPI and 50% longer than in conventional multiple‐shot FSE. Often in MRI, imaging time is reduced by undersampling k‐space. In the present study, the effects of undersampling on PROPELLER images were evaluated using simulated and in vivo data sets. Undersampling using PROPELLER patterns with reduced number of samples per line, number of lines per blade, or number of blades per acquisition, while maintaining the same k‐space field of view (FOVk) and uniform sampling at the edges of FOVk, reduced imaging time but led to severe image artifacts. In contrast, undersampling by means of removing whole blades from a PROPELLER sampling pattern that sufficiently samples k‐space produced only minimal image artifacts, mainly manifested as blurring in directions parallel to the blades removed, even when reducing imaging time by as much as 50%. Finally, undersampling using asymmetric blades and taking advantage of Hermitian symmetries to fill‐in the missing data significantly reduced imaging time without causing image artifacts. Magn Reson Med 53:675–683, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive in vivo MRI detection of neuritic plaques associated with iron in APP[V717I] transgenic mice, a model for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vanhoutte G. , Dewachter I. , Borghgraef P. , Van Leuven F. , Van der Linden A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTransgenic mice overexpressing the London mutant of human amyloid precursor protein (APP[V717I]) in neurons develop amyloid plaques in the brain, thus demonstrating the most prominent neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. In vivo 3D T2*‐weighted MRI on these mice (24 months of age) revealed hypointense brain inclusions that affected the thalamus almost exclusively. Upon correlating these MRI observations with a panel of different histologic staining techniques, it appeared that only plaques that were positive for both thioflavin‐S and iron were visible on the MR images. Numerous thioflavin‐S‐positive plaques in the cortex that did not display iron staining remained invisible to MRI. The in vivo detection of amyloid plaques in this mouse model, using the intrinsic MRI contrast arising from the iron associated with the plaques, creates an unexpected opportunity for the noninvasive investigation of the longitudinal development of the plaques in the same animal. Thus, this work provides further research opportunities for analyzing younger APP[V717I] mouse models with the knowledge of the final outcome at 24 months of age. Magn Reson Med 53:607–613, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macroscopic orientation component analysis of brain white matter and thalamus based on diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Wakana Setsu , Nagae‐Poetscher Lidia M. , Jiang Hangyi , van Zijl Peter , Golay Xavier , Mori Susumu 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can delineate white matter architecture based on fiber orientation. The purpose of this paper is to use the orientation information contained in DTI to study axonal organization of the brain both macroscopically and quantitatively. After performing gray/white matter segmentation using a fractional anisotropy threshold, the white matter can be further decomposed into components composed of tracts oriented along three orthogonal anatomic axes (right–left, superior–inferior, and anterior–posterior). For each component, the volume and MR parameters were quantified. To characterize the axonal architecture of the brain, this technique was applied to the entire brain using a Talairach‐based brain parcellation method and to the thalamus by manual segmentation. Reproducibility of this analysis tool was examined by repeating the measurements in the same subject, and individual differences were appreciated from the data acquired in 11 healthy volunteers. Based on the results from these preliminary data sets, this new analysis technique is expected to be an effective tool for macroscopic white matter characterization. Magn Reson Med 53:649–657, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.