bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Parameters of Inductively Coupled and Microwave BF3 Plasmas Used for Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation
Authors: Sukhanov Yakov N. , Ershov Alexey P. , Rudenko Konstantin V. , Orlikovsky Alexander A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: A comparison of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and microwave plasma sources was carried out under the same discharge conditions, in the same discharge chamber, and using the same diagnostics method. Investigations were fulfilled over a wide range of external discharge parameters (at pressures 0.5–20 mTorr and for powers deposited in the plasma at 400–1 500 W) in boron trifluoride and in argon discharges. A variety of plasma parameters (Te, ne, n+, EEDF) and their radial profiles at a 2 cm distance above a wafer holder were determined by using a single Langmuir probe technique. Analysis of measurements has shown that the charged particle concentrations in the ICP are higher than are obtainable in a microwave discharge, for a deposited power at 1.2 kW the ICP source produced an ion number density of ∼1012 cm−3. The required plasma uniformity can be maintained in ICP over a wider range of external discharge parameters than in microwave plasma. The use of microwave plasma source gives a bi‐Maxwellian type EEDF, whereas the EEDF of ICP is close to the single Maxwellian distribution with an electron temperature higher than the temperature of cold electrons in microwave discharge. BF3 plasma is electronegative, with a degree of electronegativity of ∼0.3–0.5 for both plasma sources.Electron currents as functions of potential applied to a cylindrical Langmuir probe in inductively coupled and microwave BF3 plasmas.magnified imageElectron currents as functions of potential applied to a cylindrical Langmuir probe in inductively coupled and microwave BF3 plasmas.
Spin chain for quantum strings
Authors: Beisert N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe review and compare the integrable structures in 𝒩 = 4 gauge theory and string theory on AdS5× S5. Recently, Bethe ansätze for gauge theory/weak coupling and string theory/strong coupling were proposed to describe scaling dimensions in the 𝔰𝔲(2) subsector. Here we investigate the Bethe equations for quantum string theory, naively extrapolated to weak coupling. Excitingly, we find a spin chain Hamiltonian similar, but not equal, to the gauge theory dilatation operator.
Catching the phantom: the MSSM on the ℤ6‐orientifold
Authors: Ott T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThese lecture notes give a short introduction of the derivation of the supersymmetric standard model on the ℤ6‐orientifold as published in hep‐th/0404055. Untwisted and twisted cycles are constructed and one specific model is discussed in more detail.
Deformations and geometric cosets
Authors: Petropoulos P.M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractI review some marginal deformations of SU(2) and SL(2, ℝ) Wess‐Zumino‐Witten models, which are relevant for the investigation of the moduli space of NS5/F1 brane configurations. Particular emphasis is given to the asymmetric deformations, triggered by electric or magnetic fluxes. These exhibit critical values, where the target spaces become exact geometric cosets such as S2 ≡ SU(2)/U(1) or AdS2 ≡ SL(2, ℝ)/U(1)space. I comment about further generalizations towards the appearance of flag spaces as exact string solutions.
Complex curves and non‐perturbative effects in c = 1 string theory
Authors: Alexandrov S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe investigate a complex curve in the c = 1 string theory which provides a geometric interpretation for different kinds of D‐branes. The curve is constructed for a theory perturbed by a tachyon potential using its matrix model formulation. The perturbation removes the degeneracy of the non‐perturbed curve and allows to identify its singularities with ZZ branes. Also, using the constructed curve, we find non‐perturbative corrections to the free energy and elucidate their CFT origin.
The symmetric branes of the H4 WZW model
Authors: D'Appollonio G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe review the solution of the boundary CFTs that describe the symmetric branes in the Nappi‐Witten gravitational wave, namely D2 and S 1 branes. The D2 branes are the twisted branes of the model while the S 1 branes are the Cardy branes. We present in both cases the bulk‐boundary couplings and the boundary three‐point couplings and discuss the relation with branes in AdS3 and in S3. We also discuss the analogy between the open string couplings in the H4 model and the couplings for magnetized and intersecting branes.
Removal of closed time‐like curves by supertube domain walls
Authors: Drukker N. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract We discuss how closed time‐like curves can be eliminated from
certain supergravity backgrounds by inclusion of domain‐walls
made of supertubes. Special emphasis is given to the mechanism
by which the supertubes spread into domain walls, which is
similar to the enhancčon mechanism.Lecture notes from my talk at the RTN meeting in Kolymbari, Crete, September 2004.
Supersymmetric backgrounds from generalized Calabi‐Yau manifolds
Authors: Grana M. , Minasian R. , Petrinin M. , Tomasiello A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe show that the supersymmetry transformations for type II string theories on
six‐manifolds can be written as differential conditions on a pair of pure
spinors, the exponentiated Kähler form eiJ and the holomorphic form
O. The equations are explicitly symmetric under exchange of the
two pure spinors and a choice of even or odd‐rank RR field.
This is mirror symmetry for
manifolds with torsion. Moreover, RR fluxes affect only one of the two
equations: eiJ is closed under the action of the twisted exterior
derivative in IIA theory, and similarly O is closed in IIB. This means that
supersymmetric SU(3)‐structure manifolds are always complex in IIB while they are twisted symplectic
in IIA. Modulo a
different action of the B‐field, these are all generalized Calabi‐Yau manifolds, as
defined by Hitchin.
Semiclassical strings on confining backgrounds
Authors: Martucci L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses some results on semiclassical string configurations lying in the IR sector of supergravity backgrounds dual to confining gauge theories. On the gauge theory side, the string states we analyse correspond to Wilson loops, glueballs and KK‐hadrons. The 1‐loop correction to the classical energy is never subleading, but can be viewed as a coupling dependent rescaling of the dimensionful parameters of the theory.
Holography and higher‐spin theories
Authors: Petkou T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractI review recent work on the holographic relation between higher‐spin theories in Anti‐de Sitter spaces and conformal field theories. I present the main results of studies concerning the higher‐spin holographic dual of the three‐dimensional O(N) vector model. I discuss the special role played by certain double‐trace deformations in Conformal Field Theories that have higher‐spin holographic duals. Moreover, I show that duality transformations in a U(1) gauge theory on AdS4 induce boundary double‐trace deformations and argue that a similar effect takes place in the holography of linearized higher‐spin theories on AdS4.
Gauged extended supergravities from flux compactifications: a 𝒩 = 2 example
Authors: Trigiante M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe review the description of Type IIB flux compactification on K3 a T2/ℤ2 orientifold in the presence of D3/D7 branes, in terms of a gauged D = 4 𝒩 = 2 supergravity.
The use of resistivity data in calculating the kinetics of precipitate evolution in aluminium–copper–magnesium alloys based on Johnson–Mehl–Avrami theory
Authors: Sha W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the procedure and results of using resistivity data in calculating the amount of precipitation in aluminium–copper–magnesium alloys based on the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) theory. Two alloys have been studied, Al–4.38%Cu–1.67%Mg and Al–4.5%Cu–0.56%Mg. The results have demonstrated that resistivity data can be treated to reveal the degree of transformation, for periods when there is a constant increase in its value. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reactivation of cardiomyocyte cell cycle: A potential approach for myocardial regeneration
Authors: McMullen Nichole M. , Gaspard Gerard J. , Pasumarthi Kishore B. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRegulation of cardiomyocyte cell cycle appears to be more complex in mammals compared to the lower vertebrates. Cardiomyocytes from the adult newt and zebrafish can proliferate in response to myocardial injury and regenerate the damaged area. In contrast, cardiomyocytes in the mammalian heart cease to proliferate soon after birth. This limits the ability of the mammalian heart to regenerate the damaged myocardium following heart disease. It is believed that increasing the number of myocytes in a diseased heart can decrease scar formation and improve myocardial function. To this end, reactivation of cell cycle in the surviving myocardium may have therapeutic value in the treatment of heart disease. Here we provide a summary of studies describing myocyte cell cycle activity during development and disease, mechanisms of cell cycle exit in the adult heart and genetic modulations affecting cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity. Further, we discuss the potential utility of myocyte cell cycle reactivation in cardiac regeneration as well as improvement of myocardial function.
Two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging of suburethral slings
Authors: Dietz H. P. , Barry C. , Lim Y. N. , Rane A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveSuburethral slings have become the most commonly performed anti‐incontinence procedures in many developed countries. Three types of implant account for the majority of such surgery in Australia: tensionless vaginal tape (TVT), suprapubic arc procedure (SPARC) and intravaginal slingplasty (IVS). The aim of this study was to determine differences in position and mobility of these implants, and to determine whether such differences explain variations in clinical outcome.MethodsIn a prospective randomized controlled trial, 195 women were randomized to TVT (n = 67), IVS (n = 64) or SPARC (n = 64). Thirteen women were excluded from the study due to incomplete preoperative data. Of the remaining 182 women, 146 (50 TVT, 48 IVS, 48 SPARC) were seen between 2 and 23 months after their procedure (80%). After an interview, two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) pelvic floor ultrasound was performed. 3D‐volume analysis was carried out on a computer with the help of proprietary software (GE Kretz 4D View). Assessors of ultrasound data were blinded against group allocation.ResultsThere were no significant differences in subjective cure/improvement of stress or urge incontinence or overall subjective cure/improvement. Symptoms, including those of voiding dysfunction, did not vary between groups. All tapes could be imaged by ultrasound. TVT and SPARC were highly echogenic, with the SPARC generally flatter and of wider weave. The IVS seemed narrower and less echogenic. Tape position and mobility were similar, with a trend towards greater distances between tape and symphysis pubis and greater horizontal tape mobility in the SPARC group.ConclusionsThe three types of suburethral sling, namely TVT, SPARC and IVS, investigated using 2D and 3D ultrasound, have comparable short‐term clinical and anatomical outcomes. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On a class of equations arising in linear viscoelasticity theory
Authors: Atanackovic T. , Pilipovic S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe study the existence and uniqueness of solution for a class of equations of the form ∑mi=0aiy( i) (t) + ∫abϕ(α) y(α) (t) dα= h(t) , where y(α)(t) is the Riemann Liouville fractional derivative, in the space of tempered distributions. Such equations arise in the distributed derivatives models of linear viscoelasticity.
Particles turbulence interactions in boundary layers
Authors: Soldati A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTurbulent dispersed flows in boundary layers are crucial in a number of industrial and environmental applications. In most applications, the key information is space distribution of particles which is known to be strongly non‐homogeneous. Specifically, inertial particles distribute preferentially avoiding strong vortical regions and segregating into straining regions. The vortical boundary layer structures control momentum, mass, heat, and particle transfer. Coherent structures bring particles toward the wall and away from the wall and favour particle segregation in the viscous region giving rise to nonuniform particle distribution profiles which peak close to the wall. The reason for this behavior is particle inertia, which filters the high frequency turbulence fluctuations. The object of this work is to review the current understanding of turbulent boundary layer dynamics and to examine the mechanisms for particle transfer, segregation, and preferential distribution. The physical mechanisms discussed and proposed are based on Direct Numerical Simulations of turbulence and Lagrangian tracking of inertial particles.
Octanoate and palmitateβ‐oxidation in human leukocytes: Implications for the rapid diagnosis of fatty acidβ‐oxidation disorders
Authors: Wanders R. J. A. , IJlst L. , van Elk E. , de Klerk J. B. C. , Przyrembel H. 
Published: June 2005

ConclusionsThe results described in this paper show that leukocytes have appreciable octanoate and palmitateβ‐oxidation activity. Furthermore, in three patients with an established defect in mitochondrialβ‐oxidation, octanoate and palmitateβ‐oxidation measurements in leukocytes revealed clear abnormalities. This was especially apparent if the ratio between the two oxidation activities was considered. The results obtained suggest that leukocytes may be used to measure fatty acidβ‐oxidation in patients suspected of suffering from a defect in the mitochondrialβ‐oxidation system, thus contributing to the rapid identification of these patients.
The relationship between maternal attitudes and young people's attitudes toward children's rights☆
Authors: Day David M. , Peterson‐Badali Michele , Ruck Martin D. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTRelations between maternal socio‐political attitudes and parenting style and young people's and mothers’ attitudes toward young people's nurturance and self‐determination rights were examined. Both young people () and mothers () were more supportive of nurturance than self‐determination rights, although young people were more supportive than their mothers of self‐determination rights and mothers were more supportive than young people of nurturance rights. Maternal conservatism was unrelated to young people's support for rights and negatively related to mothers’ support for both types of rights. Last, young people who perceived their mother to be either authoritarian or uninvolved showed stronger endorsement of self‐determination rights than young people who perceived their mother to be authoritative. The implications of these findings for the development of young people's attitudes toward rights within the context of various family factors are discussed. In particular, it is suggested that a balance needs to be achieved between assertion of rights and a respect for the rights of others.
The E. coli NusA carboxy‐terminal domains are structurally similar and show specific RNAP‐ and λN interaction
Authors: Eisenmann Anke , Schwarz Sabine , Prasch Stefan , Schweimer Kristian , Rösch Paul 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe carboxy‐terminal domain of the transcription factor Escherichia coli NusA, NusACTD, interacts with the protein N of bacteriophage λ, λN, and the carboxyl terminus of the E. coli RNA polymerase α subunit, αCTD. We solved the solution structure of the unbound NusACTD with high‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Additionally, we investigated the binding sites of λN and αCTD on NusACTD using NMR titrations. The solution structure of NusACTD shows two structurally similar subdomains, NusA(353–416) and NusA(431–490), matching approximately two homologous acidic sequence repeats. Further characterization of NusACTD with 15N NMR relaxation data suggests that the interdomain region is only weakly structured and that the subdomains are not interacting. Both subdomains adopt an (HhH)2 fold. These folds are normally involved in DNA–protein and protein–protein interactions. NMR titration experiments show clear differences of the interactions of these two domains with αCTD and λN, in spite of their structural similarity.
Glucosylation of β‐lactoglobulin lowers the heat capacity change of unfolding; a unique way to affect protein thermodynamics
Authors: Van Teeffelen Annemarie M.M. , Broersen Kerensa , de Jongh Harmen H.J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChemical glycosylation of proteins occurs in vivo spontaneously, especially under stress conditions, and has been linked in a number of cases to diseases related to protein denaturation and aggregation. It is the aim of this work to study the origin of the change in thermodynamic properties due to glucosylation of the folded β‐lactoglobulin A. Under mild conditions Maillard products can be formed by reaction of ε‐amino groups of lysines with the reducing group of, in this case, glucose. The formed conjugates described here have an average degree of glycosylation of 82%. No impact of the glucosylation on the protein structure is detected, except that the Stokes radius was increased by ∼3%. Although at ambient temperatures the change in Gibbs energy of unfolding is reduced by 20%, the denaturation temperature is increased by 5°C. Using a combination of circular dichroism, fluorescence, and calorimetric approaches, it is shown that the change in heat capacity upon denaturation is reduced by 60% due to the glucosylation. Since in the denatured state the Stokes radius of the protein is not significantly smaller for the glucosylated protein, it is suggested that the nonpolar residues associate to the covalently linked sugar moiety in the unfolded state, thereby preventing their solvent exposure. In this way coupling of small reducing sugar moieties to solvent exposed groups of proteins offers an efficient and unique tool to deal with protein stability issues, relevant not only in nature but also for technological applications.
A scalable, GFP‐based pipeline for membrane protein overexpression screening and purification
Authors: Drew David , Slotboom Dirk‐Jan , Friso Giulia , Reda Torsten , Genevaux Pierre , Rapp Mikaela , Meindl‐Beinker Nadja M. , Lambert Wietske , Lerch Mirjam , Daley Daniel O. , Van Wijk Klaas‐Jan , Hirst Judy , Kunji Edmund , De Gier Jan‐Willem 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe a generic, GFP‐based pipeline for membrane protein overexpression and purification in Escherichia coli. We exemplify the use of the pipeline by the identification and characterization of E. coli YedZ, a new, membrane‐integral flavocytochrome. The approach is scalable and suitable for high‐throughput applications. The GFP‐based pipeline will facilitate the characterization of the E. coli membrane proteome and serves as an important reference for the characterization of other membrane proteomes.
Crystal structure and substrate specificity of the β‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH) from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Qiu Xiayang , Choudhry Anthony E. , Janson Cheryl A. , Grooms Michael , Daines Robert A. , Lonsdale John T. , Khandekar Sanjay S. 
Published: June 2005

Abstractβ‐Ketoacyl‐ACP synthase III (FabH), an essential enzyme for bacterial viability, catalyzes the initiation of fatty acid elongation by condensing malonyl‐ACP with acetyl‐CoA. We have determined the crystal structure of FabH from Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram‐positive human pathogen, to 2 Å resolution. Although the overall structure of S. aureus FabH is similar to that of Escherichia coli FabH, the primer binding pocket in S. aureus FabH is significantly larger than that present in E. coli FabH. The structural differences, which agree with kinetic parameters, provide explanation for the observed varying substrate specificity for E. coli and S. aureus FabH. The rank order of activity of S. aureus FabH with various acyl‐CoA primers was as follows: isobutyryl‐ > hexanoyl‐ > butyryl‐ > isovaleryl‐ >> acetyl‐CoA. The availability of crystal structure may aid in designing potent, selective inhibitors of S. aureus FabH.
Gingival fibromatosis and significant tooth eruption delay in an 11‐year‐old male: a 30‐month follow‐up
Authors: KAVVADIA K. , PEPELASSI E. , ALEXANDRIDIS C. , ARKADOPOULOU A. , POLYZOIS G. , TOSSIOS K. 
Published: June 2005

Summary.This case report describes the dental management of an unusual case of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with multiple impacted primary teeth, and the absence of eruption of permanent teeth, in an 11‐year‐old boy and at the 30‐month follow‐up. The patient presented with severely enlarged gingival tissues affecting both arches and multiple retained and nonerupted primary teeth. He had already been subjected to localized gingivectomies at the ages of 7 and 9 years. He had no known syndrome and there was no family history of any similar disorder. The patient was treated under general anaesthesia to remove the excessive gingival tissues using apically positioned flaps. During the surgical procedure, over‐retained and unerupted impacted primary teeth were extracted in order to facilitate the eruption of the permanent successors. Two years postoperatively, there was no recurrence of the gingival enlargement. Overdentures were then constructed because none of the permanent teeth had yet erupted. Furthermore, preeruptive coronal resorption was detected radiographically affecting the crown of the unerupted 36. Thirty months postoperatively, no recurrence of gingival enlargement was seen, but the permanent teeth had still not erupted.
Bond strengths of eight contemporary adhesives to enamel and to dentine: an in vitro study on bovine primary teeth
Authors: ATASH R. , VAN DEN ABBEELE A. 
Published: June 2005

Summary.Objectives.  The aim of this study was to compare the shear and tensile bond strengths of eight adhesive systems to the enamel and dentine of primary bovine teeth.Methods.  Two hundred and fifty‐six noncarious bovine mandibular primary incisors were collected and stored in an aqueous 1% chloramine solution at room temperature for no longer than 3 months after extraction. The tested adhesives were: Clearfil SE bond (SE); Adper Prompt L Pop (LP); Optibond Solo Plus Self‐etch (OB); AdheSE (AS); Xeno III (XE); Scotch Bond 1 (SB); Etch & Prime 3·0 (EP); and I Bond (IB). For the shear bonding test and the tensile bonding test, the labial surfaces of primary incisors were used. To obtain a flat surface, the labial surfaces of the teeth were sanded on wet silicon carbide paper, first with number 200 grit for 20 s and then with number 600 grit for 60 s (n = 128; 64 for shear bonding and 64 for tensile bonding). The results were compared with an analysis of variance and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test.Results.  Shear bond strength values ranged from 18·1 to 8·9 MPa on enamel (in decreasing order, SE, LP, OB, AS, XE, SB, EP and IB), and from 17·8 to 8·2 MPa on dentine (in decreasing order, SE, SB, OB, AS, XE, LP, IB and EP). Tensile bond strength values ranged from 13·1 to 6·7 MPa on enamel (in decreasing order, SE, OB, AS, LP, XE, IB, SB and EP), and from 12·1 to 5·7 MPa on dentine (in deceasing order, SE, SB, OB, AS, XE, LP, IB and EP). The differences in bond strengths between the eight systems on enamel and dentine were all statistically significant. This was true for both the shear and tensile bond strengths.Conclusions.  The highest shear bond strength was achieved by SE on enamel and dentine, and the lowest by IB on enamel and EP on dentine. The highest tensile bond strength was obtained by SE on enamel and dentine, and the lowest by EP. Shear bond strengths were significantly higher on enamel when compared to dentine for five of the eight adhesives systems, and tensile bond strengths were significantly higher on enamel when compared to dentine for all but two systems.