bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving complementary feeding practices, programs and policies for optimal early childhood nutrition in Kenya: What would work?
Authors: Codjia Patrick , Kiige Laura , Rudert Christiane , Nordhagen Stella , Beal Ty , Kirogo Veronica , Ortenzi Flaminia , Gonzalez Wendy , Kamudoni Penjani , Garg Aashima 
Published: January 2024

AbstractComplementary feeding practices are greatly influenced by local contexts. Therefore, national home‐grown evidence, policies and guidelines are critical to improving infant and young children's diets. This Special Issue has provided a comprehensive, evidence‐based analysis of the situation, gaps and context‐specific opportunities for improving young children's diets in Kenya. The primary research findings of the Special Issue supported the identification of a set of recommendations articulated across the four systems (food, health, water, sanitation and hygiene [WASH] and social protection) to improve food availability and accessibility in Kenya at the national and subnational levels. It is anticipated that the decentralised government functions seen in Kenya provide a strong opportunity to develop and mainstream context‐specific recommendations into action. This Special Issue recommends adopting a multi‐sectoral systems approach, including a shared vision, joint planning, implementation and monitoring, towards improving young children's diets with a focus on service delivery as well as scaled‐up community social behaviour change interventions. In particular, the approach should entail advocacy for policy revisions for service delivery that support complementary feeding and development of costed implementation strategies in support of the same, across four critical systems—food, health, WASH and social protection, along with, the strengthening of national coordination, monitoring and accountability structures as per the Kenya Nutrition Action Plan. Finally, the development of a legal framework for enhanced accountability from all relevant sectors towards sustainable, nutritious, safe and affordable children's diets. These recommendations provide a clear direction in addressing the complementary feeding challenges, which the primary research of this Special Issue has presented.
Politics makes bastards of us all: Why moral judgment is politically situational
Authors: Hull Kyle , Warren Clarisse , Smith Kevin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMoral judgment is politically situational—people are more forgiving of transgressive copartisans and more likely to behave punitively and unethically toward political opponents. Such differences are widely observed, but not fully explained. If moral values are nonnegotiable first‐principle beliefs about right and wrong, why do similar transgressions elicit different moral judgment in the personal and political realm? We argue this pattern arises from the same forces intuitionist frameworks of moral psychology use to explain the origins of morality: the adaptive need to suppress individual behavior to ensure ingroup success. We hypothesize ingroups serve as moral boundaries, that the relative tight constraints morality exerts over ingroup relations loosen in competitive group environments because doing so also serves ingroup interests. We find support for this hypothesis in four independent samples and also find that group antipathy—internalized dislike of the outgroup—pushes personal and political moral boundaries farther apart.
Auditing the Representation of Females Versus Males in Heat Adaptation Research
Authors: Kelly Monica K. , Smith Ella S. , Brown Harry A. , Jardine William T. , Convit Lilia , Bowe Steven J. , Condo Dominique , Guy Joshua H. , Burke Louise M. , Périard Julien D. , Snipe Rhiannon M.J. , Snow Rodney J. , Carr Amelia J. 
Published: January 2024

The aim of this audit was to quantify female representation in research on heat adaptation. Using a standardized audit tool, the PubMed database was searched for heat adaptation literature from inception to February 2023. Studies were included if they investigated heat adaptation among female and male adults (≥18–50 years) who were free from noncommunicable diseases, with heat adaptation the primary or secondary outcome of interest. The number and sex of participants, athletic caliber, menstrual status, research theme, journal impact factor, Altmetric score, Field-Weighted Citation Impact, and type of heat exposure were extracted. A total of 477 studies were identified in this audit, including 7,707 participants with ∼13% of these being female. Most studies investigated male-only cohorts (∼74%, n = 5,672 males), with ∼5% (n = 360 females) including female-only cohorts. Of the 126 studies that included females, only 10% provided some evidence of appropriate methodological control to account for ovarian hormone status, with no study meeting best-practice recommendations. Of the included female participants, 40% were able to be classified to an athletic caliber, with 67% of these being allocated to Tier 2 (i.e., trained/developmental) or below. Exercise heat acclimation was the dominant method of heat exposure (437 interventions), with 21 studies investigating sex differences in exercise heat acclimation interventions. We recommend that future research on heat adaptation in female participants use methodological approaches that consider the potential impact of sexual dimorphism on study outcomes to provide evidence-based guidelines for female athletes preparing for exercise or competition in hot conditions.
Genomic analysis of diverse environmental
Acinetobacter
isolates identifies plasmids, antibiotic resistance genes, and capsular polysaccharides shared with clinical strains
Authors: Tobin Liam A. , Jarocki Veronica M. , Kenyon Johanna , Drigo Barbara , Donner Erica , Djordjevic Steven P. , Hamidian Mehrad 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii,
an important pathogen known for its widespread antibiotic resistance, has been the focus of extensive research within its genus, primarily involving clinical isolates. Consequently, data on environmental
A. baumannii
and other
Acinetobacter
species remain limited. Here, we utilized Illumina and Nanopore sequencing to analyze the genomes of 10
Acinetobacter
isolates representing 6 different species sourced from aquatic environments in South Australia. All 10 isolates were phylogenetically distinct compared to clinical and other non-clinical
Acinetobacter
strains, often tens of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms from their nearest neighbors. Despite the genetic divergence, we identified p
dif
modules (sections of mobilized DNA) carrying clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes in species other than
A. baumannii
, including carbapenemase
oxa58,
tetracycline resistance gene
tet(39
), and macrolide resistance genes
msr(E)-mph(E
). These p
dif
modules were located on plasmids with high sequence identity to those circulating in globally distributed
A. baumannii
ST1 and ST2 clones. The environmental
A. baumannii
isolate characterized here (SAAb472; ST350) did not possess any native plasmids; however, it could capture two clinically important plasmids (pRAY and pACICU2) with high transfer frequencies. Furthermore,
A. baumannii
SAAb472 possessed virulence genes and a capsular polysaccharide type analogous to clinical strains. Our findings highlight the potential for environmental
Acinetobacter
species to acquire and disseminate clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes, underscoring the need for further research into the ecology and evolution of this important genus.

IMPORTANCE

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Studying AMR in environmental bacteria is crucial to understand the emergence and dissemination of resistance genes and pathogens, and to identify potential reservoirs and transmission routes. This study provides novel insights into the genomic diversity and AMR potential of environmental
Acinetobacter
species. By comparing the genomes of aquatic
Acinetobacter
isolates with clinical and non-clinical strains, we revealed that they are highly divergent yet carry p
dif
modules that encode resistance to antibiotics commonly used in clinical settings. We also demonstrated that an environmental
A. baumannii
isolate can acquire clinically relevant plasmids and carries virulence factors similar to those of hospital-associated strains. These findings suggest that environmental
Acinetobacter
species may serve as reservoirs and vectors of clinically important genes. Consequently, further research is warranted to comprehensively understand the ecology and evolution of this genus.
Mantle flow and olivine fabric transition in the Myanmar continental subduction zone
Authors: Fan Enbo , Ai Yinshuang , Gao Stephen S. , He Yumei , Liu Kelly H. , Jiang Mingming , Hou Guangbing , Yang Shun , Mon Chit Thet , Thant Myo , Sein Kyaing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
One of the major advances in mineral physics and seismology is the realization that different olivine fabric types are functions of temperature, shear stress, and water content in oceanic subducting systems. The distribution of different olivine fabric types and geodynamic processes in the mantle wedge above a subducting continental slab remain poorly understood. Here, based on splitting analysis of shear waves recorded by 46 stations recently deployed in central Myanmar, we reveal trench-perpendicular fast orientations between the 80 and 100 km slab contours sandwiched between trench-parallel fast orientations from the mantle wedge tip to the backarc. The dramatic change in fast orientations indicates the transition of olivine fabric types in the mantle wedge combined with corner flow. Cold continental subduction and shear stress reduction caused by partial melting favor B-type and C- or E-type olivine fabrics, respectively.
Supplemental Material: Increase in magma supply to Sakurajima volcano’s (Japan) shallow magma chamber over the past 500 years
Authors: Huber Christian , Toramaru Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

<p> The Supplemental Material contains two important additions to the main manuscript. First, it provides a more detailed discussion of the rationale for leaving the Showa inversion out of our modeling effort. The second addition concerns the pumice samples analyzed for crystal volume fraction and importantly for their bubble size distribution. The latter is instrumental in determining whether phenobubbles are present and how their content varied from one eruption to the next. </p>
Sustained inflation and chest compression versus 3:1 chest compression to ventilation ratio during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of asphyxiated newborns (SURV1VE): A cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schmölzer Georg M , Pichler Gerhard , Solevåg Anne Lee , Law Brenda Hiu Yan , Mitra Souvik , Wagner Michael , Pfurtscheller Daniel , Yaskina Maryna , Cheung Po-Yin 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveIn newborn infants requiring chest compression (CC) in the delivery room (DR) does continuous CC superimposed by a sustained inflation (CC+SI) compared with a 3:1 compression:ventilation (3:1 C:V) ratio decreases time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).DesignInternational, multicenter, prospective, cluster cross-over randomised trial.SettingDR in four hospitals in Canada and Austria,ParticipantsNewborn infants >28 weeks’ gestation who required CC.InterventionsHospitals were randomised to CC+SI or 3:1 C:V then crossed over to the other intervention.Main outcome measureThe primary outcome was time to ROSC, defined as the duration of CC until an increase in heart rate >60/min determined by auscultation of the heart, which was maintained for 60 s. Sample size of 218 infants (109/group) was sufficient to detect a clinically important 33% reduction (282 vs 420 s of CC) in time to ROSC. Analysis was intention-to-treat.ResultsPatient recruitment occurred between 19 October 2017 and 22 September 2022 and randomised 27 infants (CC+SI (n=12), 3:1 C:V (n=15), two (one per group) declined consent). All 11 infants in the CC+SI group and 12/14 infants in the 3:1 C:V group achieved ROSC in the DR. The median (IQR) time to ROSC was 90 (60–270) s and 615 (174–780) s (p=0.0502 (log rank), p=0.16 (cox proportional hazards regression)) with CC+SI and 3:1 C:V, respectively. Mortality was 2/11 (18.2%) with CC+SI versus 8/14 (57.1%) with 3:1 C:V (p=0.10 (Fisher’s exact test), OR (95% CI) 0.17; (0.03 to 1.07)). The trial was stopped due to issues with ethics approval and securing trial insurance as well as funding reasons.ConclusionThe time to ROSC and mortality was not statistical different between CC+SI and 3:1 C:V.Trial registrationNCT02858583.
Multistate survival modelling of multimorbidity and transitions across health needs states and death in an ageing population
Authors: Gao Qian , Muniz Terrera Graciela , Mayston Rosie , Prina Matthew 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundUnmet health needs have the potential to capture health inequality. Nevertheless, the course of healthcare needs fulfilment, and the role of multimorbidity in this process remains unclear. This study assessed the bidirectional transitions between met and unmet health needs and the transition to death and examined the effect of multimorbidity on transitions.MethodsThis study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative survey in 2011–2015 among 18 075 participants aged 45 and above (average age 61.1; SD 9.9). We applied a multistate survival model to estimate the probabilities and the instantaneous risk of state transitions, and Gompertz hazard models were fitted to estimate the total, marginal and state-specific life expectancies (LEs).ResultsLiving with physical multimorbidity (HR=1.85, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.15) or physical–mental multimorbidity (HR=1.45, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.82) was associated with an increased risk of transitioning into unmet healthcare needs compared with no multimorbidity. Conversely, multimorbidity groups had a decreased risk of transitioning out of unmet needs. Multimorbidity was also associated with shortened total life expectancy (TLEs), and the proportion of marginal LE for having unmet needs was more than two times higher than no multimorbidity.ConclusionMultimorbidity aggravates the risk of transitioning into having unmet healthcare needs in the middle and later life, leading to a notable reduction in TLEs, with longer times spent with unmet needs. Policy inputs on developing integrated person-centred services and specifically scaling up to target the complex health needs of ageing populations need to be in place.
The primordial black holes solution to the cosmological monopole problem
Authors: Wang Xin-Zhe , Deng Can-Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, the pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, including CPTA, EPTA, NANOGrav, and PPTA, announced that they detected a stochastic gravitational wave background spectrum in the nHz band. This may be relevant to the cosmological phase transition suggested by some models. Magnetic monopoles and primordial black holes (PBHs), two unsolved mysteries in the universe, may also have their production related to the cosmological phase transition. Inspired by that, we revisit the model proposed by Stojkovic and Freese, which involves PBHs accretion to solve the cosmological magnetic monopole problem. We further develop it by considering the increase in the mass of the PBHs during accretion and taking the effect of Hawking radiation into account. With these new considerations, we find that solutions to the problem still exist within a certain parameter space. In addition, we also generalize the analysis to PBHs with an extended distribution in mass. This may be a more interesting scenario because PBHs that have accreted magnetic monopoles might produce observable electromagnetic signals if they are massive enough to survive in the late universe.
Noninvasive Detection of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer through Targeted Cell-free DNA Methylation
Authors: Franceschini Gian Marco , Quaini Orsetta , Mizuno Kei , Orlando Francesco , Ciani Yari , Ku Sheng-Yu , Sigouros Michael , Rothmann Emily , Alonso Alicia , Benelli Matteo , Nardella Caterina , Auh Joonghoon , Freeman Dory , Hanratty Brian , Adil Mohamed , Elemento Olivier , Tagawa Scott T. , Feng Felix Y. , Caffo Orazio , Buttigliero Consuelo , Basso Umberto , Nelson Peter S. , Corey Eva , Haffner Michael C. , Attard Gerhardt , Aparicio Ana , Demichelis Francesca , Beltran Himisha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a heterogeneous disease associated with phenotypic subtypes that drive therapy response and outcome differences. Histologic transformation to castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC-NE) is associated with distinct epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation. The current diagnosis of CRPC-NE is challenging and relies on metastatic biopsy. We developed a targeted DNA methylation assay to detect CRPC-NE using plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The assay quantifies tumor content and provides a phenotype evidence score that captures diverse CRPC phenotypes, leveraging regions to inform transcriptional state. We tested the design in independent clinical cohorts (n = 222 plasma samples) and qualified it achieving an AUC &gt; 0.93 for detecting pathology-confirmed CRPC-NE (n = 136). Methylation-defined cfDNA tumor content was associated with clinical outcomes in two prospective phase II clinical trials geared towards aggressive variant CRPC and CRPC-NE. These data support the application of targeted DNA methylation for CRPC-NE detection and patient stratification.

Significance:
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is an aggressive subtype of treatment-resistant prostate cancer. Early detection is important, but the diagnosis currently relies on metastatic biopsy. We describe the development and validation of a plasma cell–free DNA targeted methylation panel that can quantify tumor fraction and identify patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer noninvasively.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 384
Stereo object matching for mobile robot path planning using artificial fish algorithms
Authors: Mansur Andi Besse Firdausiah 
Published: January 2024

<span>The <span>popularity of robots is on the rise, not only in industrial settings but increasingly in daily venues such as airports. Recently, some organizations have carried out experiments utilizing robots specifically created to improve airport hygiene, security, and passengers’ overall satisfaction. Furthermore, the utilization of the artificial fish (AFs) algorithm in path planning for mobile robots yielded exceptional outcomes. The robot can replicate the prey behavior of the AFs algorithm, as evidenced by the prevalence of pos one in the simulation. The robot exhibits another behavior, which is the subsequent behavior. The behavior of the AFs algorithm is influenced by the available food sources. Simultaneously, mobile robots are influenced by the stimulation of their neighboring responses. Afterwards, the three primary classifiers are employed to perform stereo-object matching on different objects. The recognition rate achieved by the AdaBoost classifier is promising, with an accuracy rate of 92.4%. This result shows excellent potential for improving the path planning of mobile robots equipped with visual surveillance systems for their surroundings.</span></span>
شعريّة السلطة وتحوّلات الخطاب: جذور التقصيد في أراجيز النقوش الصخريّة القديمة
Authors: الشرماني فتحي أحمد صالح 
Published: January 2024

المستخلص
‫تفيد هذه الدراسة من مفهوم السلطة في الدراسات الثقافيّة وبعض مقولات نظريّة الشفاهيّة في تناول جذور تقصيد القصيد التي نتتبّعها في تحوّلات الشعريّة العربيّة الأولى من الشعبيّ إلى الرسميّ، ومن الشفاهيّ إلى الكتابيّ. وذلك عن طريق نقشين صخريّين لأرجوزتي تضرُّع إلى الآلهة، يعود تاريخ تدوينهما إلى ما بين القرن الأوّل والثالث الميلاديّين؛ إذ تبيَّن أنّ كهنة المعبد أضفوا بعدًا رسميًّا سلطويًّا على الأنشودة الدينيّة، بعدم نسبتها إلى مؤلّف معيّن، وتغييب الذات المتضرّعة، وربط قداسة هذا الخطاب بأداء الطقوس المرسِّخة لسلطاتهم، والاعتماد على التعويذ والتعمية. وذلك للإيحاء بخصوصيّة الخطاب وخطورته، وما اقتضته وساطة الكاهن من تطويل نسبيّ له. واتّضح أنّ كتابة الأنشودة تحوّلٌ له أثره في تثبيت الخطاب وتنظيمه، والإنضاج المتدرّج للشكل الشعريّ، وخلق مساحة تأثير واسعة لا تزول بانتهاء الموقف الطقوسيّ، وصبغ العلاقة الروحانيّة مع الآلهة بتجربة موضوعيّة سلطويّة تكون هي القصد/الغرض الأساس الذي يجري التمهيد له بمفتتح تلطّفي يتمثّل في تحيّة الآلهة والوقوف على جماليّات المكان/المعبد.‬
Linear Time-Invariant Models of a Large Cumulus Ensemble
Authors: Kuang Zhiming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Methods in system identification are used to obtain linear time-invariant state-space models that describe how horizontal averages of temperature and humidity of a large cumulus ensemble evolve with time under small forcing. The cumulus ensemble studied here is simulated with cloud-system-resolving models in radiative–convective equilibrium. The identified models extend steady-state linear response functions used in past studies and provide accurate descriptions of the transfer function, the noise model, and the behavior of cumulus convection when coupled with two-dimensional gravity waves. A novel procedure is developed to convert the state-space models into an interpretable form, which is used to elucidate and quantify memory in cumulus convection. The linear problem studied here serves as a useful reference point for more general efforts to obtain data-driven and interpretable parameterizations of cumulus convection.
What set some young adults apart during the COVID-19 pandemic? Mental health trajectories, risk and protective factors in an Australian longitudinal study
Authors: Donohoe-Bales Amarina , O’Dean Siobhan , Smout Scarlett , Boyle Julia , Barrett Emma , Teesson Maree , Bower Marlee 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Evidence suggests that young adults (aged 18–34) were disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known about their longer-term mental health changes beyond the early pandemic period. This article investigates heterogeneous trajectories of mental health among Australian young adults across 2 years of the pandemic and identifies a broad range of associated risk and protective factors. Method: Young adults ( N = 653, Mage = 27.8 years) from the longitudinal Alone Together Study were surveyed biannually between July 2020 and June 2022. Measures assessed anxiety (7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale) and depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) symptoms at Waves 1–4, as well as demographic, psychological, adversity and COVID-19 factors at baseline. Results: Four and three distinct trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively, were identified through growth mixture modelling. The proportion of participants in each anxiety trajectory were Asymptomatic (45.9%), Mild Stable (17.9%), Moderate–Severe Stable (31.1%) and Initially Severe/Recovering (5.1%). For depression, Mild Stable (58.3%), Moderate–Severe Stable (30.5%) and Reactive/Recovering (11.2%). Baseline factors associated with severe symptom trajectories included a lifetime mental health disorder, pre-pandemic stressful events, identifying as LGBTQIA+ and/or female, and experiencing one or more infection-control measures. Higher household income was protective. Conclusion: Most young adults demonstrated stable trajectories of low or high symptoms during the pandemic, with smaller groups showing initially severe or reactive symptoms followed by marked improvements over time. Vulnerable subgroups (gender- or sexuality-diverse, those with prior adversity or pre-existing mental ill-health) may face ongoing impacts and require targeted psychosocial supports to assist their mental health recovery post-COVID-19 and in the event of future crises.