bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict Area Evangelism: Controversies About Lay Preaching in the 19th Century from the Perspective of Male and Female Protagonists of the German Revival Movements
Authors: Albrecht Ruth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Evangelisation gained momentum in Germany in the last third of the 19th century. This development was accompanied by the appearance of full- or part-time evangelists, only some of whom had theological training. While male evangelists met with resistance from church representatives in particular, women engaged in evangelistic endeavours faced scepticism, especially within their own ranks. Women received a high level of approval in the revival movements, which were characterised by laymen. They may not have publicly identified as evangelists, yet they did contribute to the preaching of the gospel in many different ways. Four autobiographical or biographical sources are used to shed light on how men and women involved in the spread of evangelisation viewed their work and the associated conflicts.
The Quantitative Isoperimetric Inequality for the Hilbert–Schmidt Norm of Localization Operators
Authors: Nicola Fabio , Riccardi Federico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we study the Hilbert–Schmidt norm of time-frequency localization operators

$$L_{\Omega } :L^2(\mathbb {R}^d) \rightarrow L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

L
Ω

:

L
2

(

R

d

)

→

L
2

(

R

d

)

, with Gaussian window, associated with a subset

$$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{2d}$$

Ω
⊂

R

2
d

of finite measure. We prove, in particular, that the Hilbert–Schmidt norm of

$$L_\Omega $$

L
Ω

is maximized, among all subsets

$$\Omega $$

Ω

of a given finite measure, when

$$\Omega $$

Ω

is a ball and that there are no other extremizers. Actually, the main result is a quantitative version of this estimate, with sharp exponent. A similar problem is addressed for wavelet localization operators, where rearrangements are understood in the hyperbolic setting.
Experimental study of fluid displacement and viscous fingering in fractured porous media: effect of viscosity ratio
Authors: Zadehkabir Amirhosein , Mazinani Pouria , Vamerzani Behrouz Zare , Cardillo Christian , Saffari Hamid , Hosseinalipour Seyed Mostafa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Viscous fingering instability has been analyzed through empirical studies using miscible flow displacement in fractured porous media. While significant research has been conducted on viscous fingering, limited information is available regarding its behavior in fractured porous structures. The experiments were conducted in rectangular porous models with fractures oriented at

$${0}^\circ $$

0

∘

,

$${45}^\circ $$

45

∘

, and

$${90}^\circ $$

90

∘

, to investigate how fracture orientation influences fluid displacement, where both channeling and fingering mechanisms play significant roles. This paper, which is the second part of a previous study, places particular emphasis on the impact of the viscosity ratio, a crucial parameter in determining the complexity of the fingering patterns. Quantitative parameters such as sweep efficiency, tip location, and breakthrough time were evaluated and analyzed using image processing techniques. The results indicate that increasing the viscosity ratio leads to more complex finger formations. Additionally, as the injection rate increases, the size of the finger patterns slightly increases, while the channeling effect becomes less pronounced. Notably, fractures aligned at

$${0}^\circ $$

0

∘

had the most significant impact on the rate of sweep efficiency and tip location, increasing the tip velocity of the fingers by up to 90%.
Trends in the M$$_2$$ ocean tide observed by satellite altimetry in the presence of systematic errors
Authors: Ray Richard D. , Schindelegger Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Trends in the deep-ocean M

$$_2$$

2

barotropic tide, deduced from nearly three decades of satellite altimetry and recently presented by Opel et al. (Commun Earth Environ 5:261, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01432-5, 2024), are here updated with a slightly longer time series and with a focus on potential systematic errors. Tidal changes are very small, of order 0.2 mm/year or less, with a tendency for decreasing amplitudes, which is evidently a response to the ocean’s increasing stratification and an increasing energy loss to baroclinic motion. A variety of systematic errors in the satellite altimeter system potentially corrupt these small trend estimates. The Dynamic Atmosphere Correction (DAC), derived from an ocean model and used for de-aliasing, introduces a spurious trend (exceeding 0.1 mm/year in places) caused by changes in ECMWF atmospheric tides. Both operational and reanalysis atmospheric tides have spurious trends over the altimeter era. Tidally coherent errors in satellite orbits, including from use of inconsistent tidal geocenter models, are more difficult to bound, although differences between two sets of satellite ephemerides are found to reach 0.1 mm/year for M

$$_2$$

2

. Orbit errors are more deleterious for some other constituents, including the annual cycle. Tidal leakage in the “mesoscale correction,” needed here to suppress non-tidal ocean variability, is a known potential problem, and if the leakage changes over time, it impacts ocean-tide trend estimation. Tests show the error is likely small in the open ocean (

$$<0.04$$

<
0.04

mm/year) but large in some marginal seas (

$$>0.2$$

>
0.2

mm/year). Potential contamination from other altimeter corrections (e.g., ionospheric path delay) is likely negligible for M

$$_2$$

2

but can be difficult to bound.
Commutability study on three CRMs evaluating their suitability for calibration, trueness verification and statistical quality control of methods measuring metal concentrations in human blood
Authors: Linsinger Thomas P. J. , Auclair Guy , Deprez Liesbet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The commutability of three certified reference materials for Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb and Tl in blood was evaluated for the combination of digestion ICP-MS with dilution ICP-MS or dilution GFAAS using the difference in bias approach. Maximum non-commutability bias (MANCB) was derived from the median of the tolerance limits set by six proficiency testing (PT) providers. The evaluation showed that this criteria are too strict and that either unfeasible high number of measurements or a larger MANCB is required to demonstrate commutability. The effect of increasing the MANCB on the maximum tolerable measurement uncertainty was found small to moderate demonstrating the commutability of the materials when used as a calibrator. Also the inclusion of the uncertainty of non-commutability into the measurement uncertainty resulted in only small increases of the measurement uncertainty, demonstrating the suitability of the materials for trueness control and method validation. The bias of the three CRMs was for most elements within the 99% confidence limits of the bias of the patient samples, demonstrating the suitability of the materials for statistical quality control.

Graphical abstract
Automated assessment of collateral circulation and infarct core: predictors of functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke following endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Požar Ingrid , Bajrović Fajko F. , Umek Lan , Šurlan Popović Katarina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of automatically assessed collateral circulation (CC) and infarct core for functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 208 patients with anterior large vessel occlusion treated with EVT. Two AI-powered software were used to automatically assess CC and infarct core. Comparative analyses included patient demographics, clinical and imaging data, and functional outcome. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict the 90-day functional outcome. A favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ≤ 2.

Results
Among the 208 patients, 114 (54.8%) were women and 94 were men, with a mean age of 71.4 ± 13.3 years. Patients with higher collateral score (CS) exhibited lower infarct core volumes (p < 0.001) and better mRS score at 90 days (p = 0.008). Among patients with a favorable outcome, the mean infarct core volume was lower compared to those with poor outcomes (5 mL vs. 8.6 mL, p = 0.003). In univariate logistic regression, both infarct core (OR 0.94, p = 0.005) and CS (OR 1.84, p = 0.014) were predictors of favorable outcome. However, in multivariable models, only infarct core remained a significant independent predictor [AORs of 0.95 (p = 0.021) and 0.96 (p = 0.039)].

Conclusion
Automatically assessed infarct core is a robust predictor of functional outcome in AIS patients post-EVT, while CS’s predictive value diminishes when adjusted for infarct core. These findings support the integration of AI-powered evaluations in clinical settings to improve prognosis and treatment strategies for AIS.
Evolution of pollutant biodegradation
Authors: Ren Yi , Manefield Mike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pollutant-derived risks to human and environmental health are exacerbated by slow natural attenuation rates, often driven by pollutant toxicity to microorganisms that can degrade them or limitations to the ability of microorganisms to metabolise them. This review explores mechanisms employed by bacteria to protect themselves from pollutant toxicity in the context of the evolution of pollutant-degrading abilities. The role of promiscuous enzymes in pollutant transformation is subsequently reviewed, highlighting the emergence of novel metabolic pathways and their transcriptional regulation in response to pollutant exposure, followed by the gene transcription regulation to optimise the cellular component synthesis for adaptation on the novel substrate. Additionally, we discuss epistatic interactions among mutations vital for this process both at macromolecular and at cellular levels. Finally, evolutionary constraints towards enhanced fitness in the context of pollutant degradation are considered, the constraints imposed by the epistasis from mutations on both enzyme level and cellular level, concluding with challenges and emerging opportunities to develop sustainable contaminated site remediation technologies.

Key points

•Pollutants can exert toxicity on cellular membrane, enzyme and gene transcription.

•Bacteria can patch promiscuous enzymes into novel pathway to degrade pollutants.

•The evolution trajectory is constrained by epistasis from mutations on enzyme and cellular level.
Anatomy and variations of the carina and its cartilaginous makeup: a cadaveric study
Authors: Kim Chung Yoh , Rizzuto Kristen , Tahan Daniel , Shekhawat Devendra , Samrid Rarinthorn , Tabira Yoko , Bordes Stephen J. , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The carina, located at the bifurcation of the trachea, has been regarded as a part of the trachea. Although clinically useful as an anatomical landmark, studies of its detailed morphology are lacking in the literature.

Methods
The distal trachea and left and right main bronchi were harvested from 32 cadavers and the carina studied using microsurgical dissection, endoscopy, micro-CT, and histology.

Results
The right bronchial cartilages were most commonly involved in forming the carina (72.41%), and the left bronchial cartilages were the second most commonly involved (37.93%). The carinal cartilages were slightly deviated to the left of midline in 4.37%. Micro-CT clearly identified the contributions to the carinal cartilages.

Conclusion
Although the carina has been regarded as a part of the distal trachea, the present study found that most of the carinal cartilages were composed of the most inferior tracheal ring or bronchial cartilage(s). The right main bronchial cartilage was the most common contributor, and the left main bronchus was the second most common contributor. Additional knowledge of this structure can benefit patient care.
Interaktionelle Fallarbeit
Authors: Linden M. , Bechdolf A. , Frodl T. , Gensichen J. , Köllner V. , Strauß B. 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
In den Weiterbildungsordnungen für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatische Medizin, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie oder den Zusatztitel Psychotherapie sowie in der Musterweiterbildungsordnung für Psychotherapeuten der Bundespsychotherapeutenkammer wird in Ergänzung zur Psychotherapieweiterbildung im engeren Sinne auch eine Teilnahme entweder an „Balint-Gruppen-Arbeit“, „systemischer Fallarbeit“ oder der verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierten „Interaktionellen Fallarbeit (IFA)“ gefordert. Es geht um die Qualifizierung in der psychotherapeutischen bzw. psychosomatischen Grundversorgung, d. h. nach der Definition der Psychotherapie-Richtlinie eine seelische Krankenbehandlung mit begrenzter Zielsetzung durch verbale Interventionen, bezogen auf aktuelle psychische Probleme oder seelische Krisen bzw. die Patientenführung im Verlauf chronischer Krankheiten. Da die Grundversorgungstherapie ein wesentlicher Teil der täglichen Arbeit in den patientenführenden Fächern ist, müssen auch Allgemeinärzte, Gynäkologen oder Schmerztherapeuten eine diesbezügliche Weiterbildung durchlaufen. In den IFA-Gruppen werden typische Alltagsfälle vorgestellt. Die Gruppenteilnehmer erarbeiten Interaktions- und Lösungsoptionen unter Rückgriff auf verhaltenstherapeutische Konzepte, wie z. B. Verhaltensbeschreibung, Analyse und Modifikation von Kognitionen, Emotionen, Verhalten, Kontingenzanalyse, Selbstmanagement, Mediatorentherapie u. v. m. Zur Förderung der Fallarbeit in der Gruppeninteraktion können vielfältige verhaltenstherapeutische Strategien eingesetzt werden, wie z. B. Übungen zur Gesprächsführung, Rollenspiele, Training der Empathie oder auch Selbstbeobachtung und Selbstmodifikation.
An international survey of diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging implementation in the head and neck
Authors: Connor Steve , Christoforou Alexander , Touska Philip , Robinson Soraya , Fischbein Nancy J. , de Graaf Pim , Péporté Anne R. J. , Hirvonen Jussi , Hadnadjev Šimonji Darka , Guzmán Pérez-Carrillo Gloria J. , (Cynthia) Wu Xin , Glastonbury Christine , Mosier Kristine M. , Srinivasan Ashok 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this international survey was to understand how diffusion (DWI) and perfusion imaging (PWI) are being applied to clinical head and neck imaging.

Methods and materials
An online questionnaire focusing on acquisition, clinical indications, analysis, and reporting of qualitative DWI (QlDWI), quantitative DWI (QnDWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced PWI (DCE-PWI) in the head and neck was circulated to members of the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology (ASHNR) and European Society of Head and Neck Radiology (ESHNR) over a 3-month period. Descriptive statistics and group comparisons were calculated with SPSS® v27.

Results
There were 294 unique respondents (17.6% response rate) from 256 institutions (182 ESHNR, 74 ASHNR). DWI was routinely acquired for some head and neck indications at 95.7% of the respondents’ institutions, with 92.5% of radiologists interpreting QlDWI but only 36.7% analysing QnDWI. QlDWI was most frequently applied to primary mucosal masses or the middle ear, whilst QnDWI was routinely used to distinguish tumour histologies, and primary or recurrent carcinoma. DCE-PWI was routinely acquired at 53.6% of institutions and used by 40.8% of respondents, however, there was no clinical scenario in which it was routinely applied by most users. DCE-PWI analysis methods varied, with time-intensity curve classifications being the most frequently reported. Lack of standardisation was identified as a key reason for not implementing QnDWI, whilst numerous factors prevented the adoption of DCE-PWI.

Conclusion
There is widespread routine interpretation of QlDWI by head and neck radiologists, but there is considerable variation in the application and analysis of head and neck QnDWI and DCE-PWI.

Key Points

Question

How are diffusion (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging (DCE-PWI) being utilised by head and neck radiologists across a wide range of practices?

Findings

An international survey demonstrated widespread routine interpretation of qualitative DWI but variable application and analysis of quantitative DWI and DCE-PWI with numerous barriers to implementation.

Clinical relevance

The survey results will aid discussion on how to standardise and optimally disseminate these MRI techniques in day-to-day practice. More focused education and resource allocation may be required to accelerate the adoption of quantitative DWI and DCE-PWI.
Passive matrix Schottky barrier 2D photodiode array on graphene/SOI platform
Authors: Yanilmaz Alper , Ünverdi Özhan , Çelebi Cem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We fabricated 4 × 4 pixel two-dimensional (2D) photodiode array (PDA) out of monolayer graphene and n-type silicon (n-Si) electrodes on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Our device design is based on passive matrix sensor array architecture consisting of individual graphene and silicon electrodes aligned perpendicular to each other. I-V measurements conducted at room temperature to reveal the electronic characteristics of graphene and Si junction in the device structure. The spectral responsivity, respond speed and the optical crosstalk of each G/Si pixels in the array have been determined by wavelength resolved and time dependent photocurrent spectroscopy measurements. Micro-Raman mapping measurements were conducted to examine the surface coverage of graphene electrode on each pixel. The results of Micro-Raman mapping measurements were correlated with the corresponding photocurrent data acquired under light illumination. We believe that this work constitutes a significant potential in integrating variety of 2D materials and SOI technology into next generation image sensing and multiple pixel light detection applications.
The formation of a paper tool: intensity schemes in the old quantum theory
Authors: Jähnert Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper studies the development of intensity schemes within the framework of the old quantum theory. It investigates how these schemes emerged in a complex process involving empirical observation, data analysis and conceptual reconfiguration and became essential tools for predicting the intensities of multiplets in the absence of a well-formed quantum theory of radiation. By applying the concept of paper tools, the study shows how intensity schemes became theoretical representations allowing both the classification and interpretation of observations and the formulation of theoretical predictions. It thereby highlights the importance of representational tools and empirical regularities within the development of the old quantum theory.
Long-term health outcomes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) infection and STEC-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (STEC-HUS), Wales, 1990–2020
Authors: Merrick Rachel , Song Jiao , Fina Laia , Sawyer Clare , Jenkins Claire , King Grace , Turner Drew , Thomas Daniel , Williams Christopher 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Information on sequelae of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 infection is limited to follow-up of paediatric haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) cases. We investigate recorded long-term health outcomes experienced by individuals exposed to STEC O157 and STEC-HUS up to three decades on.

Methods
We compared acute or new onset of chronic outcomes in individuals ≥ 1 year after STEC O157 or STEC-HUS to unexposed general population comparators between 01/01/1990–01/01/2019. The unexposed were their age- and sex-equivalents (4:1 matching ratio) and assigned the same study entry date. Outcomes were identified in primary and secondary care and categorised as kidney, neurological, cardiac, gastrointestinal, respiratory, or endocrine. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Cox regression.

Results
Of 1,245 individuals with STEC O157, 65 developed HUS (5.2%). Individuals with STEC O157 were more likely to experience kidney (adjusted (a)HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.3), gastrointestinal (aHR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5) and respiratory (aHR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.6) outcomes compared to the unexposed, on average between 3.4-11 years after exposure. Gastrointestinal (HR: 7.7, 95% CI: 2.6–23), kidney (HR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.6–19), cardiac (HR: 5.1, 95% CI: 1.1–23) and respiratory (HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1) outcomes were more common in the STEC-HUS cohort and occurred sooner, on average after 2.7-4.8 years.

Conclusions
Long-term complications were nearly twice as likely in the STEC O157 cohort, and as many as eight times more likely following STEC-HUS. We recommend that those exposed to STEC be monitored for at least five years for late-emerging kidney and extrarenal complications.

Graphical abstract
Oral health status in children with chronic kidney disease, kidney transplantation, and nephrotic syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Beyer Anna , Ebach Fabian , Reutter Heiko , Sauerstein Katja , Hilger Alina Christine , Krickau Tobias , Tzschoppe Anja , Woelfe Joachim , Galiano Matthias , Schaefer Jan Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been previously associated with a decline in oral health. This study aimed to examine the oral health of children with CKD, nephrotic syndrome (NS), and children that received kidney transplantation (KTR).

Methods
A case–control study was conducted involving children with CKD stages 1–3, children with CKD stages 4–5, pediatric kidney transplant recipients, and children with NS. Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) were evaluated using the DDE Index, while dental caries was assessed with the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index (DMFT). Plaque and debris were measured utilizing the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), which includes the two subindices Simplified Calculus Index (CI-S) and Simplified Debris Index (DI-S).

Results
Children with CKD 1–3, CKD 4–5, and KTR presented with significantly higher DI-S and CI-S scores and significantly more DDE. There was no difference in the DMFT score in children with CKD 4–5 and KTR. For children with CKD 1–3, a significantly lower DMFT score was observed compared to the control group. Children with NS did not show any differences for DI-S, CI-S, DMFT, and DDE compared to healthy peers.

Conclusion
Oral health status is not affected in children with NS. Children with CKD 1–3, CKD 4–5, and KTR have more plaque, debris, and DDE and should be surveyed regularly by their dentists.

Graphical Abstract