bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant DNA probe detecting Eperythrozoon suis in swine blood
Authors: Oberst R. D. , Hall S. M. , Jasso R. A. , Arndt T. , Wen L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A genomic library to Eperythrozoon suis dnawas constructed in λ gt11, and from this library, E suis clone KSU-2 was identified as a potential diagnostic probe. In hybridization experiments that used 100-μl samples of blood collected in chaotropic salt solutions, the KSU-2 probe hybridized strongly with purified E suis organisms and blood samples from splenectomized swine that were parasitized with E suis. However, the probe under stringent conditions did not give radiographic indications of hybridizing with equine blood dna, bovine blood dna infected with Anaplasma marginale, canine blood dna infected with Ehrlichia canis, feline blood dna infected with Haemobartonella felis, or uninfected swine blood dna.
Pneumonic pasteurellosis induced experimentally in gnotobiotic and conventional calves inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Vestweber J. G. , Klemm R. D. , Leipold H. W. , Johnson D. E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Experimental pneumonia caused by Pasteurella haemolytica was induced in 2-week-old gnotobiotic (n = 4) and conventional (n = 6) calves by endobronchial inoculation into the right caudal lung lobe of 7.9 × 1010 ± 0.6 × 1010 (mean ± sd) colony-forming units of P haemolytica in the 6-hour log phase of growth. The calves were studied for 24 hours or less. Regression lines for the relationship between clinical index and time for the gnotobiotic group and conventional group of calves were compared, and the clinical index was found to be significantly (P ≤ 0.005) more rapid in the gnotobiotic group. There was also a significant difference in the preinoculation, absolute segmented neutrophil count (P ≤ 0.05), and in the total serum protein, albumin, and globulin values (P ≤ 0.05). Comparison of the preinoculation and post inoculation blood cell and blood chemical values revealed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the numbers of band neutrophils and fibrinogen in conventional calves, and a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the total wbc count in gnotobiotic calves. Necropsy of both groups of calves revealed a circular to oblong lesion that was congested, edematous, and firm, and which occupied 20% to 100% of the right caudal lung lobe and involved the remaining lung lobes to a more minor degree. When mean lesion scores of the 2 groups of calves were compared, no significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was found. Microscopic examination of the lungs revealed edema of the perivascular and interlobular septa and hemorrhage in the alveoli of both groups, although the conventional group had more fibrinopurulent inflammation.
Pulmonary lesions induced by 3-methylindole and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves
Authors: Castleman W. L. , Lacy S. , Slauson D. O. , Atz J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Our objectives were to describe the ultrastructural morphogenesis of pulmonary lesions induced by 3-methylindole in 30- to 45-day-old Holstein calves and to determine whether toxic exposure to 3-methylindole exacerbates pulmonary lesions induced by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Administration of 3-methylindole (0.25 g/kg) to calves resulted in interstitial edema and ultrastructural swelling of type-I alveolar epithelial cells and nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells as early as 4 to 6 hours after intraruminal administration. More severe alveolar edema containing protein was associated with swelling of capillary endothelial cells at 2 days after administration. Proliferation of type-II alveolar epithelial cells was first observed at 2 days after 3-methylindole administration, and marked hyperplasia of type-II epithelial cells and nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells was evident by 4 days after administration. Pulmonary cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.001) by 12 hours after administration and did not increase significantly again by 8 days after administration. Calves were inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus 3 days after administration of 3-methylindole, and pulmonary lesions were assessed 5 days after viral inoculation. Viral replication was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy for viral antigen or by transmission electron microscropy in ciliated and nonciliated airway epithelial cells. Viral antigen was identified infrequently in alveolar macrophages and in type-II alveolar epithelial cells. 3-Methylindole exposure in calves did not result in more widespread distribution of viral antigen in alveolar tissue of respiratory syncytial virus-inoculated calves or in significant enhancement of viral pneumonia. The results indicated that young calves are susceptible to 3-methylindole-induced pulmonary injury and that nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells, type-I alveolar epithelial cells, and pulmonary endothelial cells are most susceptible to injury. The results failed to indicate that 3-methylindole pulmonary toxicosis significantly enhances respiratory disease induced by bovine respiratory syncytial virus.
Effect of dose of Brucella abortus strain 19 in yearling heifers on the relative risk of developing brucellosis from challenge exposure with strain 2308
Authors: Crawford Richard P. , Adams L. Garry , Richardson Barbara E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Yearling heifers were given SC injections of 108 (n = 40), 109 (n = 44), or 1010 (n = 44) colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19). The proportion of heifers with positive serologic test results at 1 month following vaccination increased as the dose of S19 increased. These proportions decreased with time, and all heifers had negative card, rivanol, and complement fixation test results within 4 months. Positive elisa results persisted beyond 4 months in all three S19 dose groups; however, all heifers were elisa-negative within 9 months after vaccination. Comparable lymphocyte transformation activity was stimulated by S19 doss of 109 or 1010 and approximately half of the heifers in both groups had a positive stimulation index at 9 months.
Immunity of the pregnant heifers was challenged 9 months after vaccination with 107 B abortus strain 2308 as follows: diluent controls (n = 69); 108 B abortus S19 (n = 40); 109 B abortus S19 (n = 39); and 1010 B abortus S19 (n = 39). Tissue specimens from heifers were obtained at parturition and necropsy for culturing of B abortus. The proportion of heifers that developed brucellosis, ie, had positive culture results, increased as gestation days at challenge exposure increased. The effect of gestational age was controlled in the analysis using logisic regression. The relative risk of brucellosis was reduced to 0.38, 0.15, and 0.06 for B abortus S19 doses of 108, 109, and 1010, respectively, compared with diluent controls at 1. Risk of brucellosis in heifers vaccinated with 108, 109, or 1010 S19 was, respectively, one-third, one-seventh, or one-seventeenth that of diluent controls or nonvaccinated heifers.
Frequency of association of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus with bovine neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes before and after treatment with trypsin
Authors: Bolin Steven R. , Ridpath Julia F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Enriched populations of neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes from 9 cattle persistently infected with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus were analyzed for frequency of association with virus, using flow cytometric procedures. Trypsinization of neutrophils decreased the frequency of viral association from 0.82% to 0.49%. Similar treatment of mononuclear leukocytes decreased the frequency of viral association from 5.53% to 4.81%. Results of immunocytochemical procedures to locate viral antigen were inconclusive for neutrophils, but viral antigen was found in the cytoplasm of mononuclear leukocytes. A distinct and highly pure population of eosinophils was identified during flow cytometric analysis of neutrophil populations from 2 of 9 cattle.
Cultivation of tissue from the matrix of the stratum medium of the equine and bovine hoof walls
Authors: Ekfalck Anders , Rodriguez-Martinez Heriberto , Obel Nils 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Explants from the matrix of the stratum medium of the wall of the equine and bovine hoof each were cultured on a microporous membrane, using a standard culture medium. After incubation at 37 C, the outgrowth was a mixture of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, with predominance of the latter. After incubation at 34 C, the keratinocytes dominated, covering the lateral surfaces of the explant as well as the basal surface. Lateral outgrowth of keratinocytes was observed at the borderline of the original epidermis and at the borderline of the explant’s contact with the membrane. Epithelial outgrowth from the former consisted of rounded aggregates protruding into the medium, whereas outgrowth from the latter formed a pluristratified carpet occupying a considerable part of the membrane. In the outer layers, keratinocytes covering the cut surfaces of the dermis of the explant had a differentiation pattern of the kind that characterizes the keratinocytes of the hoof; differentiation was not observed in the lateral outgrowth.
Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations in calves as an indicator of stress during parturition
Authors: Hoyer C. , Grunert E. , Jöchle W. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations and blood gas values were determined for 6 days in 47 newborn calves that had been subjected to various obstetrical procedures at term. Concentrations of glucocorticoids were uniformly high at birth (70 to 103 ng/ml). Increasing degrees of acidosis were accompanied by increasing glucocorticoid concentrations in plasma. Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations decreased sharply during the first 6 hours after delivery and reached a plateau at 48 hours after birth (14 to 21 ng/ml). The latter was taken as an indication that adaptation had been achieved. Calves subjected to severe pulling had higher glucocorticoid concentrations at birth (110.4 ng/ml) than calves requiring no assistance (88.3 ng/ml), calves requiring only slight assistance (83.8 ng/ml), or calves that had been delivered by cesarean section (82.9 ng/ml).
Use of a multiple logistic regression model to determine prognosis of dairy cows with right displacement of the abomasum or abomasal volvulus
Authors: Gröhn Y. T. , Fubini S. L. , Smith D. F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Data at admission and at surgery were collected on 458 cows with right displacement of the abomasum or abomasal volvulus, to derive multiple logistic regression models for predicting postsurgical outcome (productive, salvaged, or terminal). The derived models contained few and easily obtained variables. The weight associated with each variable was determined objectively. Three admission variables (heart rate, base excess, and plasma chloride concentration), and 5 surgical variables (heart rate, base excess, diagnosis, method of decompression used, and appearance of abomasal serosa) were used in the final models. Predicted outcomes that used the admission and surgical models were closely related with actual outcomes. Total correct classification for satisfactory (productive) versus unsatisfactory outcome (salvaged and terminal) was 78.2% for the admission model and 82.7% for the surgical model. Combining data on cows with productive and salvaged outcomes as satisfactory outcome, and terminal as unsatisfactory outcome, total correct classification was 90.7% for the admission model and 93.2% for the surgical model. Using predicted probabilities, the market value of productive and salvaged cows, and the medical and surgical costs, one can calculate the expected economic value of each outcome. Treatment can be justified if the sum of the expected value of productive and salvaged outcome exceeds the sum of the medical and surgical costs and the expected salvaged value of the cow that was not treated surgically.
Use of ELISA for detection of immunoglobulins G and M that recognize Salmonella dublin lipopolysaccharide for prediction of carrier status in cattle
Authors: Spier Sharon J. , Smith Bradford P. , Tyler Jeff W. , Cullor James S. , Dilling George W. , Pfaff Lin Da 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Immunoglobulin reactions to Salmonella dublin in serum and milk from 4 groups of lactating cows were measured by an indirect elisa. The groups consisted of (1) cows that were natural carriers of S dublin in the mammary gland, (2) experimentally infected cows that did not become carriers, (3) cows inoculated with a commercial S dublin bacterin, and (4) cows used as S dublin-negative controls. Milk and serum samples were obtained at monthly intervals. Models for predicting carrier status were developed by use of stepwise logistic regression. Independent variables consisted of serum and milk IgG and IgM titers to S dublin lipopolysaccharide and a ratio of IgG to IgM. The utility of a single sample vs multiple samples obtained at 1-month or 2-month intervals was tested by comparison of goodness-of-fit χ2 P values for 8 models predicting carrier status.
Immunoglobulin reactions specific to S dublin were a significant predictor of carrier status (P < 0.001). Serum IgG titers specific for S dublin were the most important variable for predicting carrier status. Two serum IgG titers to S dublin obtained 2 months apart was a better predictor of carrier status than measurement of the IgG:IgM ratio from a single serum sample. Immunoglobulin recognizing S dublin epitopes also were detected in milk samples. In milk, performing 2 ELISA 60 days apart to determine IgG and IgM reactions to S dublin appeared to be useful for the prediction of carrier status, but was not as accurate as models for serum immunoglobulin reactions.
Correlation of clinical and laboratory data with serum tumor necrosis factor activity in horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Crowe Natalie , Moore James N. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Serum tumor necrosis factor (tnf) activity was quantitated in 8 horses given an iv infusion of endotoxin (0.03 μg of lipopolysaccharide/kg of body weight, from Escherichia coli 055:B5) in 0.9% NaCl solution over 1 hour. Serum tnf activity was likewise measured in 6 horses given only 0.9% sterile NaCl solution at the same rate. The duration of serum tnf activity was determined, and serum tnf activity was correlated with clinical and laboratory changes during the induced endotoxemia. Horses had no serum tnf activity prior to endotoxin administration, but geometric mean serum tnf activity was significantly higher from 1 to 4 hours after the start of the infusion. In response to endotoxin, horses seemed depressed, had signs of mild to moderate abdominal pain, developed tachycardia and fever, and had leukopenia followed by leukocytosis. Association between serum tnf activity and temperature, heart rate, attitude abnormality score, and wbc count of horses given endotoxin was significant. Serum tnf activity had a significant positive linear correlation with attitude abnormality and heart rate and a negative linear correlation with the wbc count during endotoxemia. Geometric mean serum tnf activity peaked approximately 1.5 hours prior to mean peak fever, and these data were significantly correlated. Results of this study suggest that tnf is an important mediator of endotoxemia in horses.
Immunoperoxidase evaluation of the relationship between necrotic lesions and causative bacteria in lungs of calves with naturally acquired pneumonia
Authors: Haritani M. , Nakazawa M. , Hashimoto K. , Narita M. , Tagawa Y. , Nakagawa M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
An immunoperoxidase technique was used to study the relationship between the necrotic lesions and causative bacteria found in lungs of 53 calves that had naturally acquired pneumonia. Four types of necrotic lesions were identified on the basis of morphologic characteristics as follows: type 1 had coagulation necrosis surrounded by a dense zone of numerous degenerated leukocytes; type 2 was similar to type 1, but the central area of the lesions was severely affected, had no alveolar architecture remaining, and was surrounded by a thin, sparse layer of degenerated leukocytes; type 3 had small swirling accumulation of degenerated leukocytes; and type 4 had necropurulent lesions resembling abscesses. By use of the immunoperoxidase technique, Pasteurella haemolytica serovar 1 antigen was confirmed to be associated with the necrotic lesions in many cases of type 1 and in some cases of types 2 and 3. Although some lesions were induced by other bacteria (Haemophilus somnus or Actinomyces pyogenes), the pneumonic lesions associated with P haemolytica could be differentiated from other pneumonic lesions in calves by use of the immunoperoxidase technique.
Effects of human alpha interferon on experimentally induced equine herpesvirus-1 infection in horses
Authors: Seahorn Thomas L. , Carter G. Kent , Martens Judy G. , Crandell Robert A. , Martin Michael T. , Scrutchfield Wilbur L. , Cummins Joseph M. , Martens Ronald J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The immunotherapeutic effect of low-dose human alpha interferon on viral shedding and clinical disease was evaluated in horses inoculated with equine herpesvirus- 1 (ehv-1). Eighteen clinically healthy weanling horses, 5 to 7 months old, were allotted to 3 equal groups. Two groups were treated orally with human α-2a interferon (0.22 or 2.2 U/kg of body weight), on days 2 and 1 before inoculation with ehv-1, the day of inoculation, and again on postinoculation day 1. The horses of the remaining group were given a placebo orally on the same days. The horses were monitored daily for changes in body temperature and for clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. Blood and nasal swab specimens were collected daily for virus isolation. Blood was also collected at intervals throughout the monitoring period for evaluation of cbc, serum IgG and IgM concentrations, and antibody titers to ehv-1. Febrile responses, nasal discharge, viral shedding, changes in cbc, and an increase in antibody titers to ehv-1 were noticed in all horses after inoculation. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in mean values of the factors measured between treatment and control groups.
Genetic comparison of ovine and bovine pestiviruses
Authors: Kelling Clayton L. , Kennedy Jane E. , Stine Lisa C. , Rump Kristine K. , Paul Prem S. , Partridge James E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Viral rna oligonucleotide fingerprinting was used to compare genetic relationships among pestiviruses originating from ovine or bovine host species. Ovine pestiviruses, including reference border disease virus and 2 border disease isolates originating from natural pestivirus infections of sheep, appeared to have a more distant genetic relationship among themselves than with certain bovine pestiviruses. A closer genetic relatedness was evident between border disease virus and 3 noncytopathic bovine pestiviruses, including Draper bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a bvdv isolate that originated from aborted bovine fetuses, and a virus that was isolated from the serum of a calf that had a chronic bvdv infection. Four noncytopathic bovine viruses, including Draper bvdv and 3 field isolates, were closely related. Reference Oregon C24V bvdv, a cytopathic virus, was closely related to only 1 of the 7 noncytopathic viruses in this study.
Gastric cannulation of pregnant sows
Authors: Matzat Paul D. , Ames N. Kent , Hogberg M. G. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The purpose of this project was to study the effect of superalimentation in lactating sows through permanent, surgically placed, gastric cannulas. A surgical technique was developed to install gastric cannulas into pregnant sows to allow superalimentation by introducing feed through the cannula. After induction of general anesthesia, a flexible, T-shaped cannula (22 mm outside diameter) was surgically placed in the dorsal portion of the greater curvature of the stomach and exteriorized through the tenth intercostal space approximately 30 cm left of the dorsal midline. Cannulas were installed on day 85 ± 5 days of gestation.
Anesthesia, surgical procedures, and the subsequent presence of the cannula did not affect the size or number of live pigs at birth. In addition, the prevalence of still births and mummified fetuses was not significantly different than that of noncannulated sows. The gastric cannulas did not affect lactation performance, as litter size and weight were unaffected when compared with that in noncannulated controls. Postmortem examination of euthanatized sows revealed adhesions of the gastric wall to the abdominal wall, thus eliminating the possibility of leakage of the gastric contents into the peritoneum. Detrimental effects of the cannulas on gastric function or capacity were not detected, and cannulas could be maintained through multiple parities.
Determination of affinity of Pasteurella multocida isolates for porcine respiratory tract mucus, and partial characterization of the receptors
Authors: Letellier A. , Dubreuil D. , Roy G. , Fairbrother J. M. , Jacques M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The ability of 25 Pasteurella multocida isolates to adhere in vitro to porcine respiratory tract mucus was examined. Microplate wells were coated with crude mucus preparation, then bacteria were added. After incubation, unbound bacteria were removed by washing, and the number of mucus-bound bacteria was estimated by quantitation of the adherent colony-forming units and by use of an elisa. Pasteurella multocida had affinity to respiratory tract mucus, although significant differences were not observed in affinity of capsular type-A and type-D isolates. Preliminary characterization, using ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, electrophoresis, and enzymatic treatments, indicated that the receptors may be a class of protein molecules of low molecular weight (< 25,000). The origin of these receptors, however, is not known at this time.
Renal clearance and fractional excretion of electrolytes over four 6-hour periods in cattle
Authors: Fleming S. A. , Hunt E. L. , Riviere J. E. , Anderson K. L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Four consecutive 6-hour urine sample collections were performed on 7 healthy adult Holstein cows fed a diet of coastal Bermuda hay with ad libitum water consumption. Urine (via indwelling urinary catheter) and venous blood samples were collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours.
Total 24-hour urine production for the 7 cows ranged from 4,515 to 7,130 ml/d (mean ± sd, 5,633 ± 946 ml/d) or 0.02 to 0.04 ml/kg of body weight/d (mean ± sd, 0.03 ± 0.007 ml/kg/d). Renal clearance (C) of creatinine (Cr), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) varied significantly (P < 0.05) among individuals, but did not vary significantly among the four 6-hour collection periods. Clearance of chloride (CI) and phosphorous (P) did not vary significantly either among individuals or among the four 6-hour periods. Clearance of potassium (K) varied significantly (P < 0.05) among individuals and among the four 6-hour periods.
Creatinine clearance was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with CCI, CCa, CP, and CMg when all data were considered. Significant (P < 0.05) correlations were also found between CCI, and CK, CCa, CP, and CMg; between CCa and CP and CMg; and between CP and CMg.
Fractional excretion (fe) of Na, K, CI, Ca, P, and Mg did not vary significantly among the four 6-hour periods. Fractional excretion of Na, Ca, and Mg (P < 0.01) and K and P (P < 0.05) varied significantly within individuals among the 6-hour periods. Mean fe values, calculated by averaging values for each of the 4 collection periods for all 7 cows, ranged from 0.05 to 0.78% for fena; 129.33 to 670.40% for fek; 1.23 to 6.23% for feci; 0.17 to 4.44% for feca; 0.36 to 1.14 for fep; and 4.96 to 11.73% for femg.
Linear relationships between the clearance and fractional excretion of electrolytes were observed on base-10 logarithmically transformed data for Na, Ca, P, and Mg. Linear relationship was not found between CK and fek or between CCI and feci.