bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Sugar Response Mutant of Arabidopsis Identified a Novel B3 Domain Protein That Functions as an Active Transcriptional Repressor
Authors: Tsukagoshi Hironaka , Saijo Takanori , Shibata Daisuke , Morikami Atsushi , Nakamura Kenzo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA recessive mutation hsi2 of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expressing luciferase (LUC) under control of a short promoter derived from a sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) sporamin gene (Spomin∷LUC) caused enhanced LUC expression under both low- and high-sugar conditions, which was not due to increased level of abscisic acid. The hsi2 mutant contained a nonsense mutation in a gene encoding a protein with B3 DNA-binding domain. HSI2 and two other Arabidopsis proteins appear to constitute a novel subfamily of B3 domain proteins distinct from ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2, which are transcription activators involved in seed development. The C-terminal part of HSI2 subfamily proteins contained a sequence similar to the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif. Deletion of the C-terminal portion of HSI2 lost in the hsi2 mutant caused reduced nuclear targeting of HSI2. Null allele of HSI2 showed even higher Spomin∷LUC expression than the hsi2 mutant, whereas overexpression of HSI2 reduced the LUC expression. Transient coexpression of 35S∷HSI2 with Spomin∷LUC in protoplasts repressed the expression of LUC activity, and deletion or mutation of the EAR motif significantly reduced the repression activity of HSI2. These results indicate that HSI2 and related proteins are B3 domain-EAR motif active transcription repressors.
Regulation of Plant Disease Resistance, Stress Responses, Cell Death, and Ethylene Signaling in Arabidopsis by the EDR1 Protein Kinase
Authors: Tang Dingzhong , Christiansen Katy M. , Innes Roger W. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (EDR1) encodes a CTR1-like kinase and was previously reported to function as a negative regulator of disease resistance and ethylene-induced senescence. Here, we report that the edr1 mutant displays enhanced stress responses and spontaneous necrotic lesions under drought conditions in the absence of pathogen, suggesting that EDR1 is also involved in stress response signaling and cell death regulation. Double mutant analysis revealed that these drought-induced phenotypes require salicylic acid but not ethylene signaling pathways. In addition, the edr1-mediated ethylene-induced senescence phenotype was suppressed by mutations in EIN2, but not by mutations in SID2, PAD4, EDS1, or NPR1, suggesting that EDR1 functions at a point of cross talk between ethylene and salicylic acid signaling that impinges on senescence and cell death. Two edr1-associated phenotypes, drought-induced growth inhibition and ethylene-induced senescence, were suppressed by mutations in ORE9, implicating ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in the regulation of these phenotypes. However, the ore9 mutation did not suppress edr1-mediated enhanced disease resistance to powdery mildew or spontaneous lesions, indicating that these phenotypes are controlled by separate signaling pathways. To investigate the function of the EDR1 kinase domain, we expressed the C-terminal third of EDR1 in wild-type Columbia and edr1 backgrounds under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. Overexpression of the EDR1 kinase domain in an edr1 background had no obvious effect on edr1-associated phenotypes. However, overexpression of the EDR1 kinase domain in a wild-type Columbia background caused dominant negative phenotypes, including enhanced disease resistance to powdery mildew and enhanced ethylene-induced senescence; thus, the overexpressed EDR1 kinase domain alone does not exert EDR1 function, but rather negatively affects the function of native EDR1 protein.
Assisted vaginal delivery versus caesarean section in breech presentation
Authors: Krupitz Hartmut , Arzt Wolfgang , Ebner Thomas , Sommergruber Michael , Steininger Erwin , Tews Gernot 
Published: May 2005

Background.  The Term Breech Trial (TBT), a well‐known study conducted by Hannah and published in the Lancet, revealed a better outcome for neonates after primary caesarean section compared with attempted vaginal delivery. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the results of TBT have to be taken into account when counseling pregnant women in central Europe.Methods.  We investigated 882 women who had delivered infants in breech presentation over a period of 11 years. The neonates had a birthweight of >2500 g and no malformations. We compared mortality and serious neonatal morbidity after attempted vaginal delivery and after primary caesarean section.Results.  No infant or maternal mortality was registered in either group. Serious neonatal morbidity was higher (0.5%; n = 2) for attempted vaginal delivery than for primary caesarean section; in the latter group, no child fulfilled the criteria for serious neonatal morbidity. However, the difference was not statistically significant. As expected, after attempted vaginal delivery, the base excess, and 5‐min APGAR scores were indicative of more markedly depressed children.Conclusion.  After careful exclusion of risk factors and informing the patient in detail about the risks and possible complications, vaginal delivery from breech presentation is still warrantable.
The use of recombinant activated Factor VII in the control of haemorrhage following blunt pelvic trauma
Authors: Udy A. , Vaghela M. , Lawton G. , Sigston P. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThis article reports two cases of severe blunt pelvic trauma associated with road traffic accidents, where the patients developed significant bleeding and haemodynamic instability, poorly responsive to conventional management. Both patients required massive transfusion of blood products with a resultant dilutional coagulopathy. In each case, a single dose of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) was used to achieve haemostatic control, with a subsequent decrease in blood product requirements and improvement in haemoglobin concentration and clotting profile.
Cervical epidural abscess: a rare complication of intravenous cannulation
Authors: Burgess C. M. , Wolverson A. S. , Dale M. T. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryEpidural abscess is a rare but life threatening condition that requires early diagnosis and prompt management. We report a case of cervical epidural abscess following an intravenous cannula site infection. The organism responsible was Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Management involved surgery, prolonged antibiotics and ventilation. Despite this, there was no return of neurological function and the patient died. We review the literature on epidural abscesses unrelated to catheterisation or instrumentation of the epidural space and discuss the aetiology and clinical features of this acute medical emergency.
A comparison of the lateral, Oxford and sitting positions for performing combined spinal‐epidural anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section*
Authors: Rucklidge M. W. M. , Paech M. J. , Yentis S. M. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryOne hundred women were randomly allocated to the left lateral, Oxford or sitting position for induction of combined spinal‐epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section using 2.5 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and 10 μg fentanyl. Women in the left lateral were then turned to the right lateral position; women in the Oxford position were turned to the same position on their opposite side; and women in the sitting group were turned to the supine left tilt position. Women remained in these positions until ready for surgery, which was conducted in the supine position with a wedge placed under the right hip. Ephedrine requirements before re‐positioning for surgery were less in the sitting position than in the other two positions: median (IQR [range]) doses for the lateral, Oxford and sitting groups were 21 (12–30 [6–48]), 18 (7.5–24 [6–48]) and 12 (6–21 [6–42]) mg, respectively; p = 0.04. Sensory block to touch sensation at the T5 dermatomal level was most quickly achieved in the lateral position with median (IQR [range]) block onset times for the lateral, Oxford and sitting groups of 9 (6–13 [4–30]), 15.5 (9–22 [4–34]) and 14 (9–18[6–36]) min, respectively; p = 0.004. In the Oxford position, more epidural catheters required dosing to achieve a sensory block of T5 before surgery: the number of patients (proportion) bolused in the lateral, Oxford and sitting groups was 1 (3%), 7 (22%) and 1 (3%), respectively; p = 0.01. We did not demonstrate any advantage in using the Oxford position for combined spinal‐epidural anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section.
Relationship between the inability to climb two flights of stairs and outcome after major non‐cardiac surgery: implications for the pre‐operative assessment of functional capacity
Authors: Biccard B. M. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryFunctional capacity is an integral component of the pre‐operative evaluation of the cardiac patient for non‐cardiac surgery. Stair climbing capacity has peri‐operative prognostic importance. It may predict survival after lung resection and complications after major non‐cardiac surgery. However, stair climbing cannot determine the aerobic metabolic capacity necessary to survive the peri‐operative stress response. The potential benefits and current limitations of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine peri‐operative aerobic capacity are discussed. Principles for the selection of an appropriate screening test of aerobic function are put forward.
Three‐year follow‐up of children with postmeningitic deafness and partial cochlear implant insertion
Authors: Rotteveel L.J.C. , Snik AD.F.M. , Vermeulen A.M. , Mylanus E.A.M. 
Published: May 2005

Objectives:  To evaluate the long‐term outcome of children with postmeningitic deafness and partial insertion of the Nucleus electrode array, and to compare their speech perception performance with that of children with full insertion of the electrode array.Design:  A battery of seven speech perception tests was administered to 25 children with a cochlear implant (CI). Results were reduced into one score: equivalent hearing loss (EHL).Setting:  Tertiary referral centre.Participants:  The partial insertion group comprised seven children, mean age at implantation 5.5 years, mean duration of deafness 3.6 years. The full‐insertion control group comprised 18 children. Mean age at implantation: 4.4 years; mean duration of deafness: 2.9 years. All the children became deaf between 0 and 3 years of age.Main outcome measures:  Over a 3‐year follow‐up period, the children with partial insertion showed continuing progress, although there was wide variation in performance and the rate of progression. Some open‐set comprehension could even be achieved with the insertion of only eight electrodes of a nucleus device.Results:  Three years after implantation, speech perception in the partial insertion children was poorer than that in the control groups with long (P < 0.01; 95% confidence interval 7–43 dB EHL) and short duration of deafness (P < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval 28–53 dB EHL). They showed slower progress and reached a poorer EHL plateau. Four of the seven children acquired open‐set word recognition.Conclusions:  Patients with partial insertion of the electrode array benefit from a CI, although less than patients with complete insertion.
How we do it: Postoperative tissue oxygen monitoring in microvascular free flaps
Authors: Raittinen L. , Laranne J. , Baer G. , Pukander J. 
Published: May 2005

Keypoints• Postoperative circulatory impairment of free microvascular flaps leads to failure of the reconstructions and major re‐operations.• In the head and neck region vitality of the reconstructed site is often difficult to observe especially in flaps placed in the posterior oral cavity or hypopharynx.• The ideal follow‐up method should be easy to use, reliable, harmless to the flap and it should rapidly alert the personnel to circulatory problems.• Thirty‐seven head and neck tumour patients who underwent a major tumour resection and free microvascular flaps reconstruction were monitored with a Licox® probe measuring tissue oxygen pressure (PtiO2).• The system correctly identified all circulatory problems that needed re‐operations with no false negative cases.• The Licox® tissue oxygen pressure monitoring system is a reliable method for detecting postoperative circulation problems in free microvascular flaps.
Effect of cryogenic treatment on nickel‐titanium endodontic instruments
Authors: Kim J. W. , Griggs J. A. , Regan J. D. , Ellis R. A. , Cai Z. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim  To investigate the effects of cryogenic treatment on nickel‐titanium endodontic instruments. The null hypothesis was that cryogenic treatment would result in no changes in composition, microhardness or cutting efficiency of nickel‐titanium instruments.Methodology  Microhardness was measured on 30 nickel‐titanium K‐files (ISO size 25) using a Vicker's indenter. Elemental composition was measured on two instruments using X‐ray spectroscopy. A nickel‐titanium bulk specimen was analysed for crystalline phase composition using X‐ray diffraction. Half of the specimens to be used for each analysis were subjected to a cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) for either 3 s (microhardness specimens) or 10 min (other specimens). Cutting efficiency was assessed by recording operator choice using 80 nickel‐titanium rotary instruments (ProFile® 20, .06) half of which had been cryogenically treated and had been distributed amongst 14 clinicians. After conditioning by preparing four corresponding canals, each pair of instruments were evaluated for cutting efficiency by a clinician during preparation of one canal system in vitro. A Student's t‐test was used to analyse the microhardness data, and a binomial test was used to analyse the observer choice data. Composition data were analysed qualitatively.Results  Cryogenically treated specimens had a significantly higher microhardness than the controls (P < 0.001; β > 0.999). Observers showed a preference for cryogenically treated instruments (61%), but this was not significant (P = 0.21). Both treated and control specimens were composed of 56% Ni, 44% Ti, 0% N (by weight) with a majority in the austenite phase.Conclusions  Cryogenic treatment resulted in increased microhardness, but this increase was not detected clinically. There was no measurable change in elemental or crystalline phase composition.
Effect of endodontic procedures on enterococci, enteric bacteria and yeasts in primary endodontic infections
Authors: Ferrari P. H. P. , Cai S. , Bombana A. C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim  To detect enterococci, enteric bacteria and yeast species from the canals of teeth with primary endodontic infections before and after canal preparation and to test the antibiotic susceptibility of enterococcal strains isolated from infected root canals.Methodology  Twenty‐five single‐rooted teeth with pulp necrosis, intact pulp chambers and periradicular lesions were selected for study. Samples were collected from canals before and after instrumentation. Amongst isolated microorganisms from infected root canals only enterococci, enteric bacteria and yeasts were identified by biochemical tests. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated enterococci strains was evaluated by the Etest® system.Results  Microorganisms were isolated from 92% of the samples following intracoronal access, 22% were enterococci, enteric bacteria or yeast species. After biomechanical preparation, these species were no longer detected. After 7 days without intracanal dressing, 100% of the canals contained microorganisms, 52% of which were target species. However, after using paramonochlorophenol [PRP (2.0 g), Rinosoro® and polyethylene glycol (400 equal parts up to 100 mL)] as an intracanal dressing for 7 days, enteric bacteria and yeasts were not detected; only enterococci were still present. All strains of enterococci were susceptible to ampicillin, but exhibited variable susceptibility to rifampin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions  Enterococci, enteric bacteria and yeasts were present in primary endodontic infections. Enterococci, particularly Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to removal by root canal preparation followed by intracanal dressing.
Comparison of cold lateral compaction and continuous wave of obturation techniques following manual or rotary instrumentation
Authors: Keçeci A. D. , Çelik Ünal G. , Şen B. H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim  To compare different combinations of root canal preparation and obturation technique.Methodology  A total of 48 freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were divided into two identical groups on the basis of root canal length and apical diameter. The root canals were prepared by manual crown‐down pressureless technique or with a rotary system (ProFile; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in a crown‐down technique. The coronal diameter and apical size of the root canals were standardized in both preparation techniques. Each main group was then divided into two subgroups and obturated with either cold lateral compaction or continuous wave of obturation with System B (EIE‐Analytic Technology, Orange, CA, USA). The distribution of filling material in each canal was assessed by stereomicroscopic examination of eight cross‐sections on each tooth. Areas of sealer, gutta‐percha and voids were measured on the digital images of a total of 384 samples. Manipulation time and apical extrusion for each group was also determined. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis, anova (Bonferroni/Dunn) or Student's t‐test.Results  The percentage of sealer, gutta‐percha and voids area between the obturation techniques was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Continuous wave groups had significantly more apical extrusion of sealer (P < 0.05), while none of the obturation techniques had gutta‐percha extrusion. Rotary instrumentation was significantly faster than the manual technique (P < 0.05); continuous wave obturation was significantly faster than lateral compaction (P < 0.05). Total manipulation time in the rotary/continuous wave group was significantly shorter than the other groups (P < 0.0001).Conclusion  The distribution of filling materials was similar in all combinations of instrumentation and obturation techniques. The continuous wave technique was faster than lateral compaction and it extruded more sealer.
An ex vivo comparison of conventional and digital radiography for perceived image quality of root fillings
Authors: Akdeniz B. G. , Soğur E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim  To compare the subjective image clarity of two different speed films and the Digora® phosphor plate images with respect to the length and homogeneity of root canal fillings.Methodology  Root canal treatment was performed on 20 extracted permanent mandibular first molar teeth. Standardized images of each tooth positioned in a dried mandible were obtained with E‐ and F‐speed films and Digora® storage phosphor plates (SPP) at 0° and 30° horizontal angulations using the optimal exposure time recommended for each system. Five endodontists and five radiologists rated the image clarity of E‐ and F‐speed radiographs as well as the original and enhanced Digora® images. The data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (P < 0.01). Inter‐observer agreement was determined by Cohen's κ.Results  Enhanced digital images were rated as superior followed by E‐ and F‐speed films and then the original digital images for the evaluation of both homogeneity and length (P < 0.01) of root canal fillings. Agreement among endodontists and radiologists measurements was high in all of the imaging methods (κ = 0.87).Conclusion  Perceived image quality of the enhanced Digora® images was superior to the original Digora® and conventional film images for the evaluation of root fillings. However, E‐speed film provided a significantly better image clarity in comparison with F‐speed and original Digora® images.
Canal preparation with Hero 642 rotary Ni–Ti instruments compared with stainless steel hand K‐file assessed using computed tomography
Authors: Taşdemir T. , Aydemir H. , İnan U. , Ünal O. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim  To compare ex vivo root canal preparation with conventional stainless steel K‐files and Hero 642 rotary Ni–Ti instruments.Methodology  Mesiobuccal canals of 20 maxillary first molars (with angles of curvature between 25° and 35°) were used. After preparation with Hero 642 rotary instruments and stainless steel K‐files, the amount of transportation that occurred was assessed using computed tomography. The teeth were scanned by computed tomography before instrumentation. One millimetre thick slices were prepared from the apical end point to the pulp chamber. The first two sections were 3 mm from the apical end of the root (apical level) and 3 mm below the orifice (coronal level). A further section (mid‐root level) was recorded, dividing the distance between the sections of apical and coronal levels into two equal lengths. Ten teeth were instrumented using Hero 642 rotary instruments and another 10 teeth were instrumented using stainless steel K‐files. Following the completion of the instrumentation, the teeth were again scanned and compared with the cross‐sectional images taken prior to canal preparation. Amount of transportation and centreing ability was assessed. Student's t‐test was used for statistical analysis.Results  Less transportation occurred with Hero 642 rotary instruments than stainless steel K‐files at the mid‐root and coronal levels (mid‐root: P < 0.05 and coronal: P < 0.001). Hero 642 rotary instruments had better centreing ability than K‐files at all three levels (apical: P < 0.05, mid‐root: P < 0.05 and coronal: P < 0.001).Conclusions  Hero 642 rotary instruments transported canals less, especially at the middle and coronal thirds of the root canals than stainless steel K‐files. Hero 642 instruments had better centreing ability.
Water links the historical and contemporary components of the Australian bird diversity gradient
Authors: Hawkins Bradford A. , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre Felizola , Soeller Stephen A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim To document the geographical structure of the historical signal in the continental species richness gradient of birds and evaluate the influences of contemporary and historical climatic conditions on the generation and maintenance of the richness pattern.Location Australia.Methods We used range maps of breeding birds to generate the spatial pattern of species richness at four grain sizes, and two molecular phylogenies to measure the level of evolutionary development of avifaunas at each grain size. We then used simple correlation and path analysis to generate a statistical model of species richness using environmental predictor variables and compared the spatial patterns of richness and mean evolutionary development to identify possible environmental links between richness and net diversification rates across the continent.Results The contemporary richness pattern is well explained statistically by actual evapotranspiration (a measure of water–energy balance), operating both directly and indirectly through plant production, and this is robust to the spatial resolution of the analysis. Further, species richness and the mean level of evolutionary development of faunas show a strong spatial correspondence, such that dry areas support both fewer species and species from more highly derived families, whereas wet areas support more species of both basal and derived families. The evolutionary pattern conforms to a similar pattern known for plants and is probably explained by the increase in aridity in western and central Australia arising in the Miocene.Main conclusion The contemporary bird richness gradient contains a historical signal and reflects the effects of both current levels of water availability as well as changes in rainfall patterns extending over evolutionary time. The historical signal persists even in the absence of obvious hard barriers to dispersal.