bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quetiapine in the elderly with parkinsonism and psychosis
Authors: Wijnen H.H , van der Heijden F.M.M.A , van Schendel F.M.E , Tuinier S , Verhoeven W.M.A 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn the present open prospective study the effects of quetiapine were investigated in two elderly patients with parkinsonism and psychosis. Treatment induced a marked antipsychotic effect that coincided with an improvement of general motor functioning. These findings support the idea that quetiapine may be preferentially of use in the elderly with parkinson’s disease and psychotic symptoms.
Frequency and impact of patient suicide on psychiatric trainees
Authors: Pieters Guido , De Gucht Véronique , Joos Gustaaf , De Heyn Elke 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic inquiry into the frequency and impact of patients’ suicide on psychiatric trainees, and the availability and usefulness of training courses. Data were collected from 114 psychiatric trainees of the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, representing a 70% response rate. A self-report questionnaire developed in the UK was adapted to the Flemish situation. A Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) inquiring about post-traumatic stress symptoms was also used. The frequency of suicide experience was considerably higher in the present study than in similar studies in the USA and the UK. Thirty percent of first year trainees had been confronted with patient suicide. Personal and professional impact of patient suicide, as well as post-traumatic stress scores were considerably lower in Flemish psychiatric trainees. They considered informal support to be of more value than formal support to come to terms with the event. Finally, postgraduate training in post-suicide management was found to be largely insufficient. The results of the present study show that psychiatric trainees in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium are at a high risk of experiencing patient suicide, whereas the impact of this experience appears to be relatively low. Only a small minority of trainees has received adequate training on procedures to follow after patient suicide.
MINI International Neuropsychiatric Schedule: clinical utility and patient acceptance
Authors: Pinninti Narsimha R , Madison Harry , Musser Erica , Rissmiller David 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective. –Clinical diagnosis has been shown to be unreliable compared to structured diagnostic schedules. However, clinicians rarely use structured diagnostic schedules due to concerns about the feasibility in clinical practice and about patient acceptance. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Schedule is a short diagnostic instrument validated against SCID and CIDI but its feasibility and patient acceptance has not been studied.Subjects and methods. –One hundred and eleven patients admitted to a partial program were administered Mini International Neuropsychiatric Schedule and the interview was timed. A short questionnaire was administered to assess patients’ views about the interview. For a subgroup of patients, diagnoses by both open interviews and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were available. These were compared to look for agreement in primary diagnoses and co-morbid conditions.Results. –MINI took an average of 16.4 min to administer. Patients’ views of MINI were positive. It was considered comprehensive enough to cover all patient symptoms and at the same time not unduly lengthy. Patients were not bothered by the interview format. There was disagreement between MINI primary diagnosis and open diagnosis in 42% cases. In 33% the disagreement was of substantial clinical significance. MINI diagnosed more co-morbid conditions (average 2.05 compared to 0.5 in open interview).Conclusions. –MINI is a short diagnostic interview schedule that can be easily incorporated into routine clinical interviews. It has good acceptance by patients.
The dexamethasone suppression test and DSM-III-R diagnoses in suicide attempters
Authors: Westrin Åsa , Frii Karin , Träskman-Bendz Lil 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPrevious research on hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis-activity in suicide attempter research has shown conflicting outcomes. The design of the present study was to test the influence of personality disorders and concominant axis I diagnoses on the dexamethasone suppression diagnostic test by use of multiple regression analyses. The sample consisted of 184 patients with a recent suicide attempt and 42 healthy controls. As expected, the lowest pre- and postdexamethasone cortisol levels were found in patients with personality disorders axis II, cluster B as compared to the other patients. The results remained significant when analysed for covariance with DSM-III-R axis I diagnoses, age or sex. Whether these low cortisol levels are due to previous experience of extreme stressful events or long-lasting burden, or whether they may be a consequence of biogenetic or psychological predisposal of interest, remains to be elucidated. Axis I comorbidity needs to be further examined.
TOP2A and HER‐2 gene amplification in fine needle aspirates from breast carcinomas
Authors: Bofin A. M. , Ytterhus B. , Hagmar B. M. 
Published: November 2003

The TOP2A gene is located on chromosome 17 close to the HER‐2 gene. It encodes an enzyme involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we have examined fine needle aspiration smears from 42 cases of breast carcinoma with probes for TOP2A, HER‐2 and chromosome 17. We found that amplification of TOP2A is a frequent finding in breast cancer and is often but not exclusively accompanied by HER‐2 gene amplification. It is associated with high histological grade and oestrogen receptor (ER) negativity. TOP2A deletions may also be associated with high histological grade and loss of ER. TOP2A amplification in the absence of HER‐2 amplification may be associated with lower histological grade and ER positivity. Testing for TOP2A aberrations may be useful in the search for individually tailored treatment regimes for breast cancer.
Topoisomerase IIα gene (TOP2A) amplification and deletion in cancer – more common than anticipated
Authors: Järvinen T. A. H. , Liu E. T. 
Published: November 2003

In solid tumours the predominant genetic mechanism for oncogene activation is through amplification of genes. The HER‐2 (also known as ErbB2/c‐erbB2/HER‐2/neu) oncogene is the most frequently amplified oncogene in breast cancer and is also commonly amplified in other forms of cancer. The HER‐2 amplicon also contains other biologically relevant genes with altered copy numbers, among these genes is the topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A). TOP2A gene is located adjacent to the HER‐2 oncogene at the chromosome location 17q12‐q21 and is either amplified or deleted, with equal frequency, in almost 90% of HER‐2 amplified primary breast tumours. Recent data suggest that amplification and deletion of TOP2A may account for both sensitivity and resistance to topoII‐inhibitor‐chemotherapy, depending on the specific genetic defect at the TOP2A locus.In this issue of the Cytopathology, Bofin et al. present preliminary evidence for high prevalance of TOP2A amplification and deletion not only in the HER‐2 amplified breast tumours, but also in the primary breast tumours without the HER‐2 amplification. This finding together with the concept that TOP2A gene amplification and deletion seem to account for both relative chemosensitivity and resistance to topoII‐inhibitor therapy further highlights the importance of screening for TOP2A gene copy number aberrations when topoII‐inhibitors are considered either alone or in combination of other chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer patients.
Fire‐related child deaths: What do newspaper case reports tell us?
Authors: Kool B , Ameratunga S 
Published: November 2003

Objective: To describe the accuracy and public health relevance of newspaper accounts of child deaths from fire‐related incidents.Methods: Domestic fire‐related deaths of children aged under 15 years in Auckland, New Zealand, over a 10‐year period were retrospectively identified from fire service records and the national minimum mortality dataset. Forensic pathology and fire service records were reviewed and this information was compared with reports published within 3 days of the index event in the region's sole daily newspaper.Results: All 14 fatal fire‐related events (19 deaths) identified using fire service records and the national minimum dataset during the study period were reported in the newspaper with a high degree of detail and accuracy. Only four news items informed readers of specific measures that could prevent such events.Conclusions: Daily newspapers can provide reliable, useful and timely surveillance data on the incidence of fire‐related childhood deaths. However, these reports often represented missed opportunities to disseminate public health messages that raised awareness of sources of risk and means of preventing fire‐related deaths.
Biomechanical analysis of arm fracture in obese boys
Authors: Davidson PL , Goulding A , Chalmers DJ 
Published: November 2003

Objective:  To determine the role of the biomechanical factors of force of impact, bone strength, fall height and surface stiffness on the risk of forearm fracture in obese children compared to non‐obese children.Methodology:  Anthropometric and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry bone density data from 50 boys (25 obese pair‐matched with 25 non‐obese subjects) aged 4−17 years were entered into a rheological‐stochastic simulation model of arm impact.Results:  Obese children were shown to be at 1.7 times greater risk of fracture compared to non‐obese children. Lower fall heights and softer impact surfaces were found not to reduce the relative risk of fracture between obese and non‐obese children.Conclusions:  Environmental modifications are unlikely to lower the risk of arm fracture in obese children to the same levels experienced by non‐obese children. The best option available for obese children to reduce fracture risk is to take steps to attain a healthy bodyweight.
The presentation of aggressive children and adolescents to emergency departments in Western Sydney
Authors: Woolfenden S , Dossetor D , Nunn K , Williams K 
Published: November 2003

Aim:  To examine the utilization characteristics of children and adolescents with aggression presenting to emergency departments (ED) in Western Sydney.Methods:  Retrospective chart review of children and adolescents who presented with aggression to five non‐psychiatric emergency departments over a 5‐year period. Data were linked with the National Coroner's Information System Database.Results:  There were 279 index presentations by children and adolescents (66% male) with aggression. One hundred and seventeen (42%) were 14 years or under. The majority presented after working hours and/or on weekends (62%). Fifty‐three percent of presentations had a self‐harm component. In 26% of presentations, there was no documentation of mental health involvement. Children were discharged in 62% of presentations. Sixty‐eight (24%) children and adolescents subsequently re‐presented on 135 occasions with self‐harm and/or aggression over the 5‐year period. Four (1%) adolescents died.Conclusion:  A presentation to an ED with aggression by a child or adolescent is an indicator of significant psychosocial dysfunction. These children and adolescents present when services are least accessible and are at risk of re‐presentation and death. To address this issue, systems need to be developed that facilitate collaboration between EDs and child and adolescent mental health services.
Adrenal cortical tumours: 25 years’ experience at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne
Authors: McDonnell CM , Zacharin MR 
Published: November 2003

Aims:  Adrenal cortical tumours remain a rare entity with inconsistent consensus about treatment and follow up. This article reviews 25 years of experience in the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.Methods:  All records with the diagnosis of adrenal adenoma or carcinoma between 1976 and 2001 were reviewed, excluding tumours of the adrenal medulla. Details were recorded for age, gender, family history, presentation, biochemistry, imaging, histology, diagnosis, treatment and outcome.Results:  Twelve children (six boys, six girls) were diagnosed with adrenal cortical tumours in this period. Median age at diagnosis was 2.5 years (range 0.5−15.6 years). Six of the 12 children presented with virilization. The remaining six identified by ultrasound performed for hemi‐hypertrophy (2), hypertension (2), and fever with abdominal pain (2). Five children had a family history of tumour and two of these five had a p53 mutation demonstrated on molecular genetic analysis. Tumours in five of the 12 children were defined as malignant on histology. Surgery was deemed curative in nine cases. Only one case required further surgery and two required chemotherapy. Time since diagnosis ranged from 1 to 25.8 years. Two children died from complications of the tumour. One other child died following development of a second tumour.Conclusion:  Adrenal cortical tumours should always be considered in the differential for adrenal hormone excess. New information provided by mutational analysis may predict ongoing risks. Lifelong regular follow up is required.
Isolated minimal renal pelvic dilatation detected antenatally in a non‐tertiary setting is an uncommon predictor of significant vesicoureteric reflux
Authors: Rennick GJ 
Published: November 2003

Objectives:  To study in a non‐tertiary centre the prevalence and grade of vesicoureteric reflux detected postnatally in infants already identified antenatally with isolated minimal renal pelvic dilatation.Methods:  Retrospective review over the years 1998−2000 inclusive of a central computerized database in the single paediatric practice within Albury Wodonga.Results:  Ninety‐three (65 male) infants detected antenatally with isolated renal pelvic dilatation (≥3 mm at 18 weeks gestation, ≥5 mm at 32 weeks gestation,<10 mm dilatation at any gestation) had a Micturating Cystourethrogram result. Thirteen infants (seven male) had vesicoureteric reflux detected, with a total of 18 refluxing renal units. Of these 13 infants five had bilateral vesicoureteric reflux (two male), and eight had unilateral vesicoureteric reflux. The median reflux grade was 2.0, with significant vesicoureteric reflux (greater than grade II) occurring in 5.4% (5/93).Conclusions:  Significant vesicoureteric reflux (greater than grade II) occurred in only 5.4% (5/93) of infants. It is concluded that isolated minimal renal pelvic dilatation detected antenatally is a poor screening test for clinically significant vesicoureteric reflux.
The health‐related quality of life of childhood epilepsy syndromes
Authors: Sabaz M , Cairns DR , Bleasel AF , Lawson JA , Grinton B , Scheffer IE , Bye AME 
Published: November 2003

Objective: There is increasing awareness of the importance of assessing physical, psychological, social and behavioural well‐being in chronic disease. The aim of this study was to examine the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with common epilepsy syndromes and to explore if there are HRQoL differences between those syndromes.Methods: Each child had their epilepsy syndrome defined according to the International League Against Epilepsy classification. Epilepsy syndromes included symptomatic frontal, temporal, parietal/occipital lobe and partial unlocalized epilepsy, and two idiopathic epilepsies, childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE). Seizure semiology and ictal/interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) were determined for symptomatic partial epilepsy syndromes by video‐EEG monitoring. HRQoL was evaluated with an epilepsy‐specific instrument, the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire, and two generic instruments, the Child Health Questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist.Results: Children with symptomatic partial epilepsy syndromes were affected by epilepsy in a similar way and did not have unique HRQoL profiles. However, these children had significantly lower HRQoL scores compared to those with CAE or BRE. All children with epilepsy regardless of syndrome had a higher frequency of behavioural problems compared to normative data.Conclusion: These results indicate that children with epilepsy regardless of syndrome require evaluation of the psychosocial implications. There is a greater impact on HRQoL in symptomatic epilepsy compared to idiopathic epilepsy. Specific symptomatic partial syndromes did not differ in the degree they affect HRQoL. These findings have important implications for clinicians caring for children with epilepsy.
Health‐related quality of life after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men with localized prostate cancer
Authors: NAMIKI SHUNICHI , TOCHIGI TATSUO , KUWAHARA MASAAKI , OHNUMA TETSUTARO , IORITANI NAOMASA , SOMA FUMIHIKO , SHINTAKU ICHIRO , TERAI AKITO , NAKAGAWA HARUO , SATOH MAKOTO , SAITO SEIICHI , KOINUMA NOBUO , ARAI YOICHI 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPurpose:  We evaluated retrospectively health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in Japanese men with localized prostate cancer.Methods:  The study was based on self‐reported HRQOL of 280 patients. Patients were divided into seven groups: time 0 (T0), baseline before operation; T1, 1–3 months after RP; T2, 4–6 months after RP; T3, 7–12 months after RP; T4, 13–24 months after RP; T5, 25–36 months after RP; and T6, more than 36 months after RP. We measured the general and disease‐specific HRQOL using the RAND 36‐item Health Survey 1.0 (SF‐36) and the University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA PCI).Results:  The general HRQOL of the postoperative groups was assessed by SF‐36. The postoperative groups showed almost the same or higher scores than those of the baseline group. Urinary function scores decreased substantially after surgery. In contrast, there was no difference in urinary bother between the baseline and postoperative groups. Sexual function deteriorated substantially in all postoperative groups. Similarly, the sexual bother score significantly deteriorated after RP. The sexual bother score of men aged 65‐years or younger was significantly worse than that of their counterparts in the T1–2 groups.Conclusion:  Despite reports of problems with sexual activity and urinary continence, general HRQOL was mostly unaffected by RP. Although there was a substantial decrease in urinary function, recovery from urinary bother was rapid. Since the deterioration of sexual function was marked through the postoperative period, careful attention should be paid to this issue during preoperative counseling, especially for younger patients.
Trunk invertebrate faunas of Western Australian forests and woodlands: Influence of tree species and season
Authors: Majer J. D. , Recher H. F. , Graham R. , Gupta R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract Trunk–associated invertebrates were sampled on two rough‐barked tree species (jarrah,Eucalyptus marginataand marri,E. calophylla) at Karragullen, in the hills near Perth, Western Australia, and on these two species plus two smooth‐barked species (wandoo,E. wandoo, and powderbark wandoo,E. accedens) at Dryandra, a drier site situated 150 km to the south‐east. Invertebrates were sampled by intercept traps, which collect animals that attempt to land on the trunks, and photo‐eclector bark traps, which collect invertebrates that move, or live, on the trunk. The range and abundance of invertebrates sampled was generally greater in the intercept than the bark traps. Invertebrate abundance and activity (but not biomass) on bark was strongly seasonal, with greater numbers being found during the moister periods. The two smooth‐barked species supported, and were visited by, more invertebrates than the two rough‐barked species. There was some evidence that jarrah supported more invertebrates than marri at both Karragullen and Dryandra, although the results were equivocal. Within the two smooth‐barked species, wandoo tended to support more invertebrates than powderbark wandoo. These trends are discussed in terms of the characteristics of the bark of these trees and the environments in which they occur.
Interactive effects of heat shock and smoke on germination of nine species forming soil seed banks within the Sydney region
Authors: Thomas Paul B. , Morris E. Charles , Auld Tony D. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract  The germination response of seeds from fire‐prone vegetation to fire‐related cues such as heat shock and smoke has usually been studied by applying the cues singly. The few studies that have applied the cues in combination have shown that interactions between the cues are possible. Here, the response of seeds from a number of species to combined heat shock and smoke is reported. Heat shock (25, 50, 75 and 100°C) and aerosol smoke (0, 5, 10 and 20 min) were applied factorially to nine species that form soil seed banks in the Sydney region of south‐eastern Australia. These species were from Epacridaceae (four species), Myrtaceae (four species) and Cyperaceae (one species) and ranged from fire‐sensitive obligate seeders to fire‐tolerant facultative resprouters. Germination of Dracophyllum secundum R. Br and Sprengelia monticola (A. Cunn. ex DC.) Druce was low and did not respond to the germination cues. The positive response of Gahnia sieberiana Kunth and Kunzea ambigua (Sm.) Druce to heat shock and smoke was independent and additive. The positive response of Kunzea capitata Rchb. to the interaction between heat shock and smoke was synergistic, and the response of Baeckea diosmifolia Rudge and Baeckea imbricata (Gaertn.) Druce was unitive, with germination increase only occurring following combined heat and smoke application. Epacris coriacea A. Cunn. ex DC. and Epacris obtusifolia Sm. had low levels of dormancy and hence it was not possible to find a fire response. Gahnia sieberiana and K. capitata responded differently to the combination of heat shock and smoke than has previously been reported. Germination of species from habitats that are infrequently burnt was not affected by heat shock or smoke. Low‐intensity fire or patches within fire may be important for seedling recruitment as the 50°C heat shock stimulated germination in four of the five species that responded to the heat cue, and germination of Baeckea imbricata declined within the 100°C heat shock treatment. Germination of one species, Baeckea imbricata, was only stimulated by a specific combination of cues, indicating that regeneration niches may be narrow for some species and that the application of a range of heat and smoke doses is required to find such responses. Of the species positively responding to heat shock and smoke, a requirement for both cues was prevalent, therefore the response to these cues in isolation cannot be relied upon to give a true indication of the fire response of a species.