bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated uric acid/albumin ratio as a predictor of poor coronary collateral circulation development in patients with non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Yin Renlin , Ye Zongwei , You Hua , Wu Yanming , Chen Weixiang , Jiang Tingbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundUric acid/albumin ratio (UAR) is a novel composite biomarker with superior predictive value for cardiovascular disease.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between UAR and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients with non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).MethodsA total of 205 NSTEMI patients who underwent coronary arteriography with at least one major coronary stenosis, 95% were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to CCC development: poorly‐developed CCC group (Rentrop 0–1) and well‐developed CCC (Rentrop 2–3). Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were utilized to investigate the factors influencing adverse CCC formation in NSTEMI patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of UAR, C‐reactive protein (CRP), uric acid, and albumin for patients with poorly developed CCC, and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared.ResultsThe UAR values of NSTEMI patients were significantly higher in the poorly developed CCC group than those in the well‐developed CCC group (10.19 [8.80–11.74] vs. 7.79 [6.28–9.55], p < .001). In the multiple logistic regression tests, UAR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.365, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.195–1.560, p < .001), CRP (OR: 1.149, 95% CI: 1.072–1.231, p < .001), and diabetes (OR: 2.924, 95% CI: 1.444–5.920, p = .003) were independent predictors of poorly developed CCC. The ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut‐off value of UAR was 8.78 in predicting poorly developed CCC with a sensitivity of 76.8% and specificity of 62.4%, with the AUC of 0.737 (95% Cl: 0.668–0.805, p < .001).ConclusionElevated UAR may be an independent and effective biomarker for predicting poorly‐developed CCC development in NSTEMI patients.
Comparison of Structural, Water‐Retaining and Sorption Properties of Acrylamide‐Based Hydrogels Cross‐Linked by Physical and Chemical Methods
Authors: Siryk Olena , Goncharuk Olena , Samchenko Yurii , Kernosenko Liudmyla , Szewczuk‐Karpisz Katarzyna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwo series of hydrogels based on acrylamide and its copolymers with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid were synthesized by two cross‐linking methods – chemical (using N,N′‐methylene bis‐acrylamide) and physical (using montmorillonite (MMT)) ones. The structure of the gels was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling and sorption properties were analyzed as a function of both the monomer composition and the cross‐linking method. The shift of the band corresponding to Si−O (995–1030 cm−1) confirmed the formation of intercalation structures for MMT‐cross‐linked gels. Moreover, physically cross‐linked gels demonstrated a non‐monotonic dependence of the swelling degree on the MMT concentration, and acrylamide‐acrylic acid copolymer MMT‐cross‐linked gels showed pH sensitivity and the highest swelling degree of 150 g/g. The highest sorption capacity towards cadmium(II) ions was demonstrated by acrylamide‐acrylic acid copolymer gels, both covalently cross‐linked (30 mg/g) and MMT‐cross‐linked (8.9 mg/g).
Towards Durable and High‐Rate Rechargeable Aluminum Dual‐ion Batteries via a Crosslinked Diphenylphenazine‐based Conjugated Polymer Cathode
Authors: Ma Wenyan , Zhang Pengchao , Tang Linting , Ge Mantang , Qi Yunpeng , Chen Yu , Zhang Chong , Jiang Jia‐Xing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRechargeable aluminum battery (RAB) is expected to be a promising energy storage technique for grid‐scale energy storage. However, the development of RABs is seriously plagued by the lack of suitable cathode materials. Herein, we report two p‐type conjugated polymers of L‐PBPz and C‐PBPz with the same building blocks of diphenylphenazine but different linkage patterns of linear and crosslinked structures as the cathode materials for Al dual‐ion batteries. Compared to the linear polymer skeleton in L‐PBPz, the crosslinked structure endows C‐PBPz with amorphous nature and low dihedral angles of the polymer chains, which severally contribute to the fast diffusion of AlCl4− with large size and the electron transfer during the redox reaction of diphenylphenazine. As a result, C‐PBPz delivers a much better rate performance than L‐PBPz. The crosslinked structure also leads to a stable cyclability with over 80000 cycles for C‐PBPz. Benefiting from the fast kinetics, meanwhile, the C‐PBPz cathode could realize a high redox activity of 117 mAh g−1, corresponding to an areal capacity of 2.30 mAh cm−2, even under a high mass loading of 19.7 mg cm−2 and a low content of 10 wt% conductive agent. These results might boost the development of polymer cathodes for RABs.
Body composition and plasma total‐tau, neurofilament light chain, and amyloid‐β: A population‐based study
Authors: de Crom Tosca O. E. , Ghanbari Mohsen , Voortman Trudy , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA higher body mass at older age has been linked to a lower risk of dementia. This unexpected trend may be explained by age‐related lean mass depletion, or methodological issues such as the long preclinical phase of dementia or competing risks. Focusing on preclinical markers of dementia may overcome these issues.Between 2002 and 2005, body composition and plasma total‐tau, neurofilament light chain (NfL), amyloid‐β40, and amyloid‐β42 were measured in 3408 dementia‐free participants from the population‐based Rotterdam Study. The cross‐sectional associations between body composition and plasma markers were determined using linear regression models.Whole body and fat mass, but not lean mass, were positively associated with total‐tau, while all these measures were inversely associated with NfL. Apart from an inverse association between lean mass and amyloid‐β40, body composition measures were not associated with plasma amyloid‐β.Our findings suggest distinct effects of body composition on neurodegeneration.
Impact of rapid sequential combination therapy on distinct haemodynamic measures in newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Kramer Tilmann , Nattmann Phillip , Gerhardt Felix , Stafiej Patrycja , Dumitrescu Daniel , ten Freyhaus Henrik , Wißmüller Max , Hohmann Christopher , Baldus Stephan , Rosenkranz Stephan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsIn pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), upfront combination therapy with ERA and PDE5i is associated with a reduction in morbidity and mortality events and improves standard haemodynamics, but data remain limited. Aims of this study were (i) to capture detailed haemodynamic effects of rapid sequential dual combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed PAH; (ii) to monitor the impact of treatment initiation on clinical variables and patients' risk status, and (iii) to compare the treatment effect in patients with ‘classical PAH’ and ‘PAH with co‐morbidities’.MethodsFifty patients (median age 57 [42–71] years, 66% female) with newly diagnosed PAH (76% idiopathic) were treated with a PD5i/sGC‐S or ERA, followed by addition of the respective other drug class within 4 weeks. All patients underwent repeat right heart catheterization (RHC) during early follow‐up.ResultsAt early repeat RHC (7 ± 2 months), there were substantial reductions in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP: 52.2 ± 13.5 to 39.0 ± 10.6 mmHg; −25.3%), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR: 12.1 ± 5.7 to 5.8 ± 3.1 WU; −52.1%), and an increase in cardiac index (2.1 ± 0.4 to 2.7 ± 0.7 mL/min/m2; +32.2%) (all P < 0.05). Haemodynamic improvements correlated with improved clinical parameters including 6‐min walking distance (336 ± 315 to 389 ± 120 m), NTproBNP levels (1.712 ± 2.024 to 506 ± 550 ng/L, both P < 0.05) and WHO‐FC at 12 months, resulting in improved risk status, and were found in patients with few (n = 37) or multiple cardiovascular co‐morbidities (BMI > 30 kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease [≥3]; n = 13), albeit baseline PVR in PAH patients with multiple co‐morbidities was lower (9.3 ± 4.4 vs. 13.1 ± 5.9 WU) and PVR reduction less pronounced compared with those with few co‐morbidities (−42.7% vs. −54.7%). However, comprehensive haemodynamic assessment considering further variables of prognostic relevance such as stroke volume index and pulmonary artery compliance showed similar improvements among the two groups (SVI: +50.0% vs. +49.2%; PAC: 91.7% vs. 100.0%). Finally, the 4‐strata risk assessment approach was better able to capture treatment response as compared with other approaches, particularly in patients with co‐morbidities.ConclusionsRapid sequential combination therapy with PDE5i/sGC‐S and ERA substantially ameliorates cardiopulmonary haemodynamics at early follow‐up in patients without, and to a lesser extent, with cardiovascular co‐morbidities. This occurs in line with improvements of clinical parameters and risk status.
Fun With Unusual Functional Groups: Sulfamates, Phosphoramidates, and Di‐tert‐butyl Silanols
Authors: Sathyamoorthi Shyam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCompared to ubiquitous functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, and amides, which serve as central “actors” in most organic reactions, sulfamates, phosphoramidates, and di‐tert‐butyl silanols have historically been viewed as “extras”. Largely considered functional group curiosities rather than launch‐points of vital reactivity, the chemistry of these moieties is under‐developed. Our research program has uncovered new facets of reactivity of each of these functional groups, and we are optimistic that the chemistry of these fascinating molecules can be developed into truly general transformations, useful for chemists across multiple disciplines. In the ensuing sections, I will describe our efforts to develop new reactions with these “unusual” functional groups, namely sulfamates, phosphoramidates, and di‐tert‐butyl silanols.
Aflatoxins in food: Prevalence, health effects, and emerging trends in its mitigation—An updated review
Authors: Balan Biji , Dhaulaniya Amit S. , Kumar Munendra , Kumar Mohit , Kumar Prateek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by a variety of fungal and mold species. One of the mycotoxin families that is often regarded as the most concerned one in human and animal feeds, is aflatoxin. Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus species are very toxic and cause significant contamination of food supplies, resulting in serious health repercussions including carcinogenicity. To date, several regulations on aflatoxin permissible level limits have been established in a number of nations. Based on government guidelines and restrictions, consumers and food producers anticipate that aflatoxin contamination in food should not negatively impact human and animal health. Aflatoxin contamination of food commodities poses a consequential risk to humans and is also associated with substantial financial losses. Conventional mycotoxin reduction strategies involve both preventative and decontamination approaches. The present review gives an update on recent research on conventional approaches, including pre‐ and post‐harvest procedures that could potentially be used to decontaminate aflatoxin. Additionally, the current study delves into the source of contamination, global occurrence, impact on human health, and management strategies to assure food security and safety.
The effect of turmeric and black pepper powder incorporated in breakfast on postprandial glycemia, appetite, palatability, and gastrointestinal well‐being in normal‐weight adults
Authors: Khan Safarat , Arif Muhammad , Laraib Hafza , Naqvi Syeda Nimra , Shah Omair Ali , Farooq Umar , Sami‐Ullah Muhammad , Khan Gul Asghar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCulinary herbs and spices are primarily known as flavor enhancers, research suggests that black pepper (Piper nigrum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) have now been proven to prevent many non‐communicable chronic diseases such as diabetes. Bioactive components of black pepper and turmeric ameliorate glucose metabolism and appetite regulation. The present research was designed to investigate the impact of turmeric and black pepper on blood glycemia, gastrointestinal well‐being, appetite, and palatability. In a randomized crossover study, four iso‐caloric experimental meals each having 50 g of available carbohydrates were subjected to healthy human participants (N = 20). Turmeric and black pepper were incorporated in the breakfast meal, 1 g black pepper (BP), 1 g turmeric (TR), and combination of the (BP + TR) was added in the breakfast. Standard questionnaires were used to evaluate palatability, subjective appetite, and gastrointestinal well‐being. Blood glycemia, subjective gastrointestinal well‐being, and appetite were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. Experimental meals BP and BP + TR resulted in lower blood glycemia (p < .05) significantly compared to control meal. A decrease in perceived eating ability and hunger, and an increase in satiety after BP + TR and BP meal was observed. No significant changes were observed after consuming test meals on gastrointestinal well‐being. Compared to control and BP + TR meals, BP and TR meals had considerably lower palatability. Results showed that compared to the control intake of starchy meals supplemented with black pepper and turmeric reduced postprandial glycemia, hunger, and perceived eating ability without affecting gastrointestinal well‐being.
Enhancement the solar box cooker performance using steel fibers
Authors: Ibrahim Osama Abd Al‐Munaf , Kadhim Saif Ali , Ali Hayder Mohsin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of fossil fuel and wood for cooking poses health, environmental, and economic challenges, especially with the growing population. This has led to an increase in the trend towards the use of clean and sustainable cooking sources, including solar cookers. This experimental study aims to contribute by enhancing the performance of a solar box cooker (SBC) according to the concept of porous media via adding steel fibers inside the box as a modified SBC and comparing it with a conventional SBC. The stagnation test to determine the first figure of merit and the load test to determine the second figure of merit, standard boiling time, and cooker optothermal ratio were conducted under the outdoor conditions of Baghdad city. Also, an energy and exergy efficiency analysis, and calculating the rate of heat loss by three water loads heating and cooling tests. The results revealed that the modified SBC has a higher thermal performance than the conventional SBC.
The relational change mechanisms of child‐centered play therapy with children exposed to adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Frawley Caitlin , Dillman Taylor Dalena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe researchers examined the relational mechanisms and coregulatory change mechanisms of child‐centered play therapy (CCPT) with children (ages 5–8) who endured multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The researchers computed surrogate synchrony analyses to measure heart rate synchrony between counselor and child participants during CCPT treatment. Child participants received between 10 and 14 CCPT sessions in the elementary school setting. Participants and counselor wore Empatica© E4 wristbands during sessions to collect heart rate data continuously during play therapy sessions. The researchers found consistent, large child‐counselor heart rate synchrony levels across play therapy sessions. The researchers discuss the implications of this research for counselors and play therapists working with children impacted by ACEs.
The BCKDH kinase inhibitor BT2 promotes BCAA disposal and mitochondrial proton leak in both insulin‐sensitive and insulin‐resistant C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Rivera Caroline N. , Smith Carly E. , Draper Lillian V. , Kee Madison E. , Cook Norah E. , McGovern Macey R. , Watne Rachel M. , Wommack Andrew J. , Vaughan Roger A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElevated circulating branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been correlated with the severity of insulin resistance, leading to recent investigations that stimulate BCAA metabolism for the potential benefit of metabolic diseases. BT2 (3,6‐dichlorobenzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylic acid), an inhibitor of branched‐chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase, promotes BCAA metabolism by enhancing BCKDH complex activity. The purpose of this report was to investigate the effects of BT2 on mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and de novo lipogenesis both with and without insulin resistance. C2C12 myotubes were treated with or without low or moderate levels of BT2 with or without insulin resistance. Western blot and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to assess protein and gene expression, respectively. Mitochondrial, nuclei, and lipid content were measured using fluorescent staining and microscopy. Cell metabolism was assessed via oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used to quantify BCAA media content. BT2 treatment consistently promoted mitochondrial uncoupling following 24‐h treatment, which occurred largely independent of changes in expressional profiles associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, BCAA catabolism, insulin sensitivity, or lipogenesis. Acute metabolic studies revealed a significant and dose‐dependent effect of BT2 on mitochondrial proton leak, suggesting BT2 functions as a small‐molecule uncoupler. Additionally, BT2 treatment consistently and dose‐dependently reduced extracellular BCAA levels without altering expression of BCAA catabolic enzymes or pBCKDHa activation. BT2 appears to act as a small‐molecule mitochondrial uncoupler that promotes BCAA utilization, though the interplay between these two observations requires further investigation.
Pyruvate maintains and enhances the pro‐inflammatory response of microglia caused by glucose deficiency in early stroke
Authors: Zhou Peng , Yu Zhe‐Cheng , Cao Cong , Cui Huai‐Rui , Ding Mao‐Chao , Yang Chao‐Xian , Liao Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPro‐inflammatory microglia mainly rely on glycolysis to maintain cytokine production during ischemia, accompanied by an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1). The role of energy metabolism in the pro‐inflammatory response of microglia is currently unclear. In this study, we tested the response of microglia in mice after cerebral ischemia and simulated an energy environment in vitro using low glucose culture medium. The research results indicate that the expression levels of iNOS and arginase 1 (ARG1) increase in the ischemic mouse brain, but the upregulation of MCT1 expression is mainly present in iNOS positive microglia. In microglia exposed to low glucose conditions, iNOS and MCT1 levels increased, while ARG1 levels decreased. Under the same conditions, knocking down MCT1 in microglia leads to a decrease in iNOS levels, while overexpression of MCT1 leads to the opposite result. The use of NF‐κB inhibitors reduced the expression levels of iNOS and MCT1 in microglia. In summary, our data indicate that pyruvate maintains and enhances the NF‐κB regulated pro‐inflammatory response of microglia induced by low glucose.
Manipulating sensitivities of planar oxadiazole‐based high performing energetic materials
Authors: Chinnam Ajay Kumar , Singh Jatinder , Staples Richard J. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNitrogen‐rich energetic materials based on five‐membered azoles, such as tetrazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, pyrazoles, and imidazoles, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their environmental compatibility while maintaining high performance. These materials, including explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics, are designed to release energy rapidly and efficiently while minimizing the release of toxic or hazardous byproducts and have attracted potential applications in the defense and space industries. The presence of extensive NC, NN, and NN high energy bonds in azoles provides high enthalpies of formation and facilitates intermolecular interactions through π‐stacking which may help with reducing sensitivity to external stimuli. Now, we report on the synthesis and energetic properties of N‐(5‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)nitramide (5) and its energetic salts. These new high nitrogen–oxygen‐containing materials have attractive feature applications of insensitivity and increased performance.
Adaptation and comparative analysis of HSPICE level‐61 and level‐62 model for a‐IGZO thin film transistors
Authors: Dubey Divya , Goswami Manish , Kandpal Kavindra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a Computer‐aided design (CAD) model for a‐IGZO thin film transistors (TFTs) by adapting SPICE level‐61 RPI a‐Si: H (Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon) TFT model and level‐62 RPI Poly‐Si (Poly Silicon) TFT model. This work provides a complete understanding of SPICE level‐61 and 62 model parameters, which must be tuned for a‐IGZO TFT simulation. The adapted SPICE models of level‐61 and level‐62 could model all regions of operation of the TFT, that is, above‐threshold and below‐threshold regions. Adapted RPI poly‐Si model also shows the kink effect in ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) due to the recombination of electron–hole pairs in the channel via boundary trap states present in the poly‐Si TFTs thereby increasing the drain current in the transistors above pinch‐off region. The extracted performance parameters of the adapted models were found to be contiguous with experimental results. The maximum deviation in the subthreshold slope is approximately 5 mV/decade for level‐61 a‐Si TFT, and for level‐62 poly‐Si TFT, deviation in the subthreshold slope is even less, that is, 0.2 mV/decade. The experimental and simulated characteristics, extracted on‐to‐off ratio, negative bias reverse saturation current, and threshold voltage were almost similar. However, an average deviation of 2.4% and 2.27% was observed in the output characteristics of the adapted level‐61 and level‐62 models, respectively.
Design of low‐voltage low‐noise operational transconductance amplifiers for low frequency applications
Authors: Sharma Kulbhushan , Kumar Ayush , Madan Jaya , Pandey Rahul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLow‐noise and low‐voltage operation is prime requirement of an operational transconductance amplifier for low frequency applications. However, achieving low‐noise operation at low supply voltages is a challenging task in CMOS technology owing to noise‐power and noise‐stability tradeoffs. This article outlines, the design of four differential bias self‐cascode (DBSC) operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) working at ±0.7 V. The four design techniques namely gate driven (GD), bulk driven (BD), bulk driven quasi‐floating gate (BDQFG), and gate driven quasi floating bulk (GDQFB) have been applied on DBSC OTAs. The designing aspects and performance parameters of these four OTAs such as gain, gain‐bandwidth, input referred noise (IRN), settling time (ST), common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), total harmonic distortion, input impedance, transconductance, power consumption, area consumption and process/mismatch variations have been fairly compared in this work. These DBSC OTAs have been designed and simulated using a standard 0.18‐μm 6M1P CMOS N‐well process. The results infer GD DBSC OTA shows high CMRR of 125.83 dB. While the BD DBSC OTA consumes very low power of 0.2 μW. The BDQFG DBSC OTA shows low 1% ST of 24.83 μS. The GDQFB DBSC OTA show high transconductance (2.35 mS), high gain (64.97 dB), and low IRN (0.40 μV/√Hz at 10 Hz). The theoretical predictions for these OTAs agree with the post‐layout simulations. The proposed OTAs can be used for designing various analog circuits such as programmable gain amplifiers, variable gain amplifiers, and transimpedance amplifiers for low‐frequency biomedical and health care applications.