bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with regional lymph node involvement treated by cystectomy
Authors: Frank Igor , Cheville John C. , Blute Michael L. , Lohse Christine M. , Nehra Ajay , Weaver Amy L. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Zincke Horst 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder metastatic to regional lymph nodes (LN) typically have a poor prognosis. However, some patients are cured by radical cystectomy alone. The goal of this study was to identify predictors of survival in this cohort.METHODSThe authors identified 154 patients with TCC metastatic to regional LNs treated by cystectomy between 1970 and 1998. Clinical characteristics collected included age, gender, and preoperative computed tomographic or magnetic resonance image scan findings, as well as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy. Pathologic features evaluated included multifocality, size, pathologic stage, grade, and margin status of the primary tumor, as well as the number, location, and bilaterality of the positive LNs. Capsular penetration, greatest linear extent, and surface area of the largest metastatic LN deposit were also recorded. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate survival rates. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of outcome.RESULTSThe mean follow‐up was 4.5 years (range, 0.1–13.9 years). In a multivariate setting, only adjuvant chemotherapy and the number of positive LNs were associated significantly with death from TCC. Patients treated adjuvantly with chemotherapy were 2.1 times less likely to die of their disease (P = 0.005). Each increase in one positive LN increased the risk of death from TCC by 20% (P < 0.001). Recursive partitioning indicated that the optimal cutoff point to predict death from TCC was five or more positive LNs.CONCLUSIONSAdjuvant chemotherapy and the number of positive LNs were associated significantly with death from TCC. Cancer 2003;10:2425–31. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11370
Avascular necrosis in long‐term survivors after allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tauchmanovà Libuse , De Rosa Gennaro , Serio Bianca , Fazioli Flavio , Mainolfi Ciro , Lombardi Gaetano , Colao Annamaria , Salvatore Marco , Rotoli Bruno , Selleri Carmine 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe most debilitating skeletal complication of stem cell transplantation (SCT) is avascular necrosis (AVN).METHODSTwo hundred seven consecutive patients were evaluated prospectively for AVN. They survived disease free for more than 180 days after autologous or allogeneic SCT for hematologic malignancies. The diagnosis of AVN in suspicious cases was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Possible correlations with treatments, bone mineral density (BMD), graft versus host disease (GVHD), and in vitro growth of fibroblast progenitors were investigated. Bone mineral density was evaluated by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 100 transplanted patients, and the in vitro growth of fibroblast progenitors was monitored by a fibroblast colony‐forming unit (CFU‐F) assay in 30 patients after allogeneic SCT.RESULTSTwelve patients developed AVN 3–114 months (median, 26 months) following SCT: 10 (10%) after allogeneic SCT and 2 (1.9%) after autologous SCT (P = 0.04). Twenty‐five joints were affected by AVN. All patients had femoral head involvement, which was managed with hip replacement in six of them. All but one patient who developed AVN after allogeneic SCT suffered from chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Avascular necrosis occurred 1–4 months after exacerbation or progression of cGVHD. Cumulative dose of steroids was similar in both SCT groups (including steroids given pretransplant for the basic disease), whereas treatment duration was significantly longer in the allogeneic SCT group. Avascular necrosis was related to the decreased number of bone marrow CFU‐F colonies in vitro, but not to BMD values.CONCLUSIONSAvascular necrosis is a skeletal complication that occurs more often after allogeneic than after autologous SCT. Occurrence of AVN symptoms after clinical follow‐up of cGVHD suggests that cGVHD requiring long‐term steroid therapy is one of the main risk factors for AVN. Avascular necrosis may be facilitated by a severe deficit in the repopulating capacity of bone marrow stromal stem cells after SCT. Cancer 2003;97:2453–61. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11373
Weekly, high‐dose paclitaxel in advanced lung carcinoma
Authors: Akerley Wallace , Herndon James E. , Egorin Merrill J. , Lyss Alan P. , Kindler Hedy L. , Savarese Dianne M. , Sherman Carol A. , Rosen D. Marc , Hollis Donna , Ratain Mark J. , Green Mark R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Cancer and Leukemia Group B conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel administered at a maximum dose density for patients with chemotherapy‐naïve, advanced‐stage non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).METHODSPatients with Stage IIIB/IV or recurrent NSCLC, a performance status (PS) score of 0–1, and no history of chemotherapy exposure were eligible. Paclitaxel, 150 mg/m2, was administered over 3 hours during Weeks 1–6 of an 8‐week cycle. Doses were modified for ANC < 1500/μL or for ≥ Grade 2 neuropathy on the day of therapy. Treatment continued until toxicity or disease progression. Pharmacokinetics were assessed at Weeks 1, 3, and 5 of Cycle 1.RESULTSThirty‐eight patients (median age, 64 years; range, 31–81 years) were treated. There were 21 males (PS = 0 for 17). Eleven patients had received previous radiation, 2 had brain metastases, 25 had adenocarcinoma, 23 had Stage IV disease, 6 had StageIIIB disease, and 9 had recurrent disease. Grade 3–4 granulocytopenia occurred in 39% of patients. There were no deaths due to toxicity. Grade 2 or 3 neuropathy occurred in 29% and 24% of patients, respectively. Ten (27%) patients had Grade 3 hyperglycemia (glucose concentration > 250 mg/dL). There were 16 partial responses (42%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26–59%). The median survival period was 12.3 months (95% CI, 7.9–19.6%), and the 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates were 52% (95% CI, 39–71%) and 26% (95% CI, 15–45%), respectively. Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics were consistent with published values and clearance was not induced. Older age and hyperglycemia were associated with greater neurotoxicity.CONCLUSIONSPaclitaxel at 150 mg/m2 per week × 6 every 8 weeks can be administered safely in the cooperative group setting. These Phase II data are comparable to those associated with combination therapy. The weekly dose‐dense schedule may be more active than conventional schedules. Cancer 2003;10:2480–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11375
Majority versus minority influence: when, not whether, source status instigates heuristic or systematic processing
Authors: Martin Robin , Hewstone Miles 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTwo experiments investigated the extent of message processing of a persuasive communication proposed by either a numerical majority or minority. Both experiments crossed source status (majority versus minority) with message quality (strong versus weak arguments) to determine which source condition is associated with systematic processing. The first experiment showed a reliable difference between strong and weak messages, indicating systematic processing had occurred, for a minority irrespective of message direction (pro‐ versus counter‐attitudinal), but not for a majority. The second experiment showed that message outcome moderates when a majority or a minority leads to systematic processing. When the message argued for a negative personal outcome, there was systematic processing only for the majority source; but when the message did not argue for a negative personal outcome, there was systematic processing only for the minority source. Thus one key moderator of whether a majority or minority source leads to message processing is whether the topic induces defensive processing motivated by self‐interest. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women's emotional responses to the pervasiveness of gender discrimination
Authors: Schmitt Michael T. , Branscombe Nyla R. , Postmes Tom 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn two experiments we found that women exhibited worse psychological well‐being in a context in which gender discrimination was pervasive compared to a context in which is was rare. In Study 1, women who read an essay suggesting that sexism is pervasive reported lower self‐esteem than women who read an essay suggesting that sexism is rare. In Study 2, we examined the effects of the pervasiveness of sexism when women were making an attribution for a single negative outcome. Women who attributed a negative evaluation to pervasive sexism exhibited less positive self‐esteem and affect compared to women who could attribute the negative evaluation to an isolated instance of discrimination or to a non‐sexist, external cause. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of status on identification with multiple groups
Authors: Roccas Sonia 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThree studies explored the effects of the relative status of the multiple groups of which individuals are simultaneously members. In all studies participants reported their identification and their perception of the status of two groups (either real or experimental) of which they were simultaneously members. Results of all three studies lend support to the hypothesis that reactions to an ingroup are affected not only by the status of that group, but also by the status of another group of which an individual is simultaneously member: Individuals tend to perceive an ingroup as having higher status, and to identify with it more, if they are simultaneously members of a different group which has low rather than high status. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological studies on the culture of kidney epithelial cells in a fiber‐in‐fiber bioreactor design with hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Fey‐Lamprecht F. , Albrecht W. , Groth T. , Weigel T. , Gross U. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA hollow fiber‐in‐fiber–based bioreactor system was tested for the applicability to host kidney epithelial cells as a model system for a bioartificial kidney. Hollow fibers were prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone‐polyvinylpyrollidinone (PVP) blend (PSU) and poly(acrylonitrile‐N‐vinylpyrollidinone) copolymer P(AN‐NVP). Hollow fibers with smaller and larger diameters were prepared so that the smaller fitted into the larger, with a distance of 50–100 μm in between. The following material combinations as outer and inner fiber were applied: PAN‐PAN; PSU‐PSU, PSU‐P(AN‐NVP). Madin–Darby kidney epithelial cells (MDCK) were seeded in the interfiber space and cultured for a period up to 14 days. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were used to follow the adhesion and growth of cells, and to characterize their morphology. As a result, we found that MDCK cells were able to grow in the interfiber space in mono‐ and multilayers without signs of systemic degeneration. Comparison of the different materials showed that PAN and P(AN‐NVP) provided the best growth conditions, indicated by a tight attachment of cells on hollow fiber membrane, and subsequent proliferation and development of structural elements of normal epithelia, such as tight junctions and microvilli. In conclusion, the fiber‐in‐fiber design seems to be an interesting system for the construction of a bioartificial kidney. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 144–157, 2003
Injectable drug‐delivery systems based on supramolecular hydrogels formed by poly(ethylene oxide)s and α‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Li Jun , Ni Xiping , Leong Kam W. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPolymeric hydrogels long have attracted interest for biomaterials applications because of their generally favorable biocompatibility. High in water content, they are particularly attractive for delivery of delicate bioactive agents, such as proteins. However, because they require covalent crosslinking for gelation, many hydrogels can be applied only as implantables, and incorporation of drugs by sorption may be time‐consuming and limiting with regard to the loading level. Therefore a delivery formulation where gelation and drug loading can be achieved simultaneously, taking place in an aqueous environment and without covalent crosslinking, would be attractive. Herein is described a new class of injectable and bioabsorbable supramolecular hydrogels formed from poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEOs) and α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) for controlled drug delivery. The hydrogel formation is based on physical crosslinking induced by supramolecular self‐assembling with no chemical crosslinking reagent involved. The supramolecular structure of the hydrogels was confirmed with wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction studies. The gelation kinetics was found to be dependent on the concentrations of the polymer and α‐CD as well as on the molecular weight of the PEO used. The rheologic studies of the hydrogels showed that the hydrogels were thixotropic and reversible and that they could be injected through fine needles. The components of the supramolecular hydrogels potentially are biocompatible and nontoxic. Drugs can be encapsulated directly into the hydrogels in situ at room temperature without any contact with organic solvents. The supramolecular hydrogels were evaluated in terms of their in vitro release kinetics. The rate‐controlling mechanism of macromolecular drug release might be the erosion of the hydrogels. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 196–202, 2003
Study of the toughening mechanisms in bone and biomimetic hydroxyapatite materials using Raman microprobe spectroscopy
Authors: Pezzotti Giuseppe , Sakakura Seiji 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA Raman microprobe spectroscopy characterization of microscopic fracture mechanisms is presented for a natural hydroxyapatite material (cortical bovine femur) and two synthetic hydroxyapatite‐based materials with biomimetic structures—a hydroxyapatite skeleton interpenetrated with a metallic (silver) or a polymeric (nylon‐6) phase. In both the natural and synthetic materials, a conspicuous amount of toughening arose from a microscopic crack‐bridging mechanism operated by elasto‐plastic stretching of unbroken second‐phase ligaments along the crack wake. This mechanism led to a rising R‐curve behavior. An additional micromechanism, responsible for stress relaxation at the crack tip, was recognized in the natural bone material and was partly mimicked in the hydroxyapatite/silver composite. This crack‐tip mechanism conspicuously enhanced the cortical bone material resistance to fracture initiation. A piezo‐spectroscopic technique, based on a microprobe measurement of 980 cm−1 Raman line of hydroxyapatite, enabled us to quantitatively assess in situ the microscopic stress fields developed during fracture both at the crack tip and along the crack wake. Using the Raman piezo‐spectroscopy technique, toughening mechanisms were assessed quantitatively and rationally related to the macroscopic fracture characteristics of hydroxyapatite‐based materials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 229–236, 2003
Deposition of bone‐like apatite on silk fiber in a solution that mimics extracellular fluid
Authors: Takeuchi Akari , Ohtsuki Chikara , Miyazaki Toshiki , Tanaka Hiromi , Yamazaki Masao , Tanihara Masao 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe fabrication of apatite–organic polymer hybrids is one of several attractive methods for the development of biomaterials as a substitute for bone. Such materials have both bone‐bonding ability and mechanical properties analogous to natural bone. The biomimetic process has focused attention on fabricating such hybrids, where bone‐like apatite is deposited on an organic polymer surface in solutions that mimic physiological conditions. In this process, a bone‐like apatite layer can be coated onto organic substrates either by using a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human extracellular fluid, or by using fluids that are supersaturated with respect to apatite at ambient conditions. In this study, we investigated the ability of natural silk and its related materials to facilitate apatite deposition under biomimetic conditions. Cloths made of raw silk or normal silk fibers were soaked in 1.5SBF, which has 1.5 times the ion concentration of SBF. Sericin film, which is made from an extract of degummed raw silk, was soaked in 1.5SBF. The cloth and the film soaked in 1.5SBF then were characterized by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation, energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX), and thin‐film X‐ray diffraction (TF‐XRD). Apatite deposition was observed on the surface of cloth made from raw silk fiber after it was soaked in 1.5SBF, but it was not observed on cloth made from normal silk fibers. The apatite deposition on the raw silk fiber cloth was accelerated when the fibers were subjected to treatment with CaCl2 solution at a concentration of at least 1 kmol/m3 before immersion in 1.5SBF. Apatite deposition also was observed on the sericin film after the film was soaked in 1.5SBF for 7 days. These results indicate that apatite deposition on raw silk cloth is attributable to the catalytic effect of sericin because the surface of raw silk consists of sericin whereas that of normal silk contains fibroin. The deposition of the apatite and its crystal growth are accelerated by the presence of calcium ions on the sericin after treatment with CaCl2 solution. Thus, sericin on natural silk fiber has the potential to facilitate apatite deposition and can be useful as a polymer material in the fabrication of hybrid materials analogous to bone through biomimetic processes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 283–289, 2003
Adhesion and migration of marrow‐derived osteoblasts on injectablein situcrosslinkable poly(propylene fumarate‐co‐ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels with a covalently linked RGDS peptide
Authors: Behravesh Esfandiar , Zygourakis Kyriacos , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractMarrow‐derived osteoblasts were cultured on poly(propylene fumarate‐co‐ethylene glycol) (P(PF‐co‐EG)) based hydrogels modified in bulk with a covalently linked RGDS model peptide. A poly(ethylene glycol) spacer arm was utilized to covalently link the peptide to the hydrogel. Three P(PF‐co‐EG) block copolymers were synthesized with varying poly(ethylene glycol) block lengths relative to poly(ethylene glycol) spacer arm. A poly(ethylene glycol) block length of nominal molecular weight 2000 and spacer arm of nominal molecular weight 3400 were found to reduce nonspecific cell adhesion and show RGDS concentration dependent marrow‐derived osteoblast adhesion. A concentration of 100 nmol/mL RGDS was sufficient to promote adhesion of 84 ± 17% of the initial seeded marrow‐derived osteoblasts compared with 9 ± 1% for the unmodified hydrogel after 12 h. Cell spreading was quantified as a method for evaluating adhesivity of cells to the hydrogel. A megacolony migration assay was utilized to assess the migration characteristics of the marrow‐derived osteoblasts on RGDS modified hydrogels. Marrow‐stromal osteoblasts migration was greater on hydrogels modified with 100 nmol/mL linked RGDS when compared with hydrogels modified with 1000 nmol/mL linked RGDS, while proliferation was not affected. These P(PF‐co‐EG) hydrogels modified in the bulk with RGDS peptide are potential candidates asin situforming scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 260–270, 2003
Enhanced solubility of paclitaxel using water‐soluble and biocompatible 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymers
Authors: Konno Tomohiro , Watanabe Junji , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to enhance the water‐solubility of paclitaxel (PTX) using an amphiphilic 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer as the solubilizer. PTX is an antineoplastic drug effective for various cancers, especially for ovarian and breast cancers. However, its solubility in aqueous medium is quite low, less than 0.1 μg/mL in water. We prepared the amphiphilic MPC polymers containing hydrophobic units to form aggregates and provide hydrophobic domains in water. The most effective polymer to dissolve the PTX was poly[MPC‐co‐n‐butyl methacrylate(BMA) (PMB30W)] with 70 mol % of the BMA unit. The inside polarity of PMB30W aggregate was the same as that of ethanol, which is a good solvent for dissolving PTX. The diameter of PMB30W aggregate containing 1 mg/mL of PTX was 50 nm in aqueous medium. The concentration of PTX in the PMB30W aqueous solution reached 5.0 mg/mL. The solution was transparent and PTX did not precipitate even when the solution was stored at room temperature for 1 month. Animal experiments indicated that the PMB30W has no adverse effect even when the polymer solution is injected into the bloodstream. From the PMB30W/PTX solution, we prepared by the solvent evaporation method a PMB30W film containing PTX with good transparency. The PMB30W film containing PTX easily dissolved in water to give a clear solution. We conclude that the water‐soluble amphiphilic MPC polymers are good solubilizers for PTX as injectable and biocompatible drug formulations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 209–214, 2003
Effect of multiple herpesvirus infections on the progression of HIV disease in a cohort of HIV seroconverters
Authors: Suligoi Barbara , Dorrucci Maria , Uccella Ilaria , Andreoni Massimo , Rezza Giovanni 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe effects of herpesviruses infection on the progression of HIV disease remain controversial, with some studies showing accelerated progression and others showing no effect. Furthermore, the effect of concurrent infection with more than one herpesvirus on the progression of HIV disease has never been investigated. To this end, the rates of progression of HIV disease were determined after stratifying for the presence of up to five different herpesvirus infections. The study population consisted of 359 HIV‐infected persons for whom the date of seroconversion was estimated (part of the Italian Seroconversion Study). One serum sample from each participant was tested for antibodies to five herpesviruses: HSV‐2, CMV, HHV‐6, HHV‐7, and HHV‐8. Univariate analysis showed that HSV‐2 and HHV‐8 were significantly associated with progression to AIDS, yet when adjusting for age at HIV seroconversion and for the presence of the other herpesvirus infections, only HHV‐8 infection showed a significant association. The age‐adjusted risk of progression to AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma increased with the number of herpesvirus infections and was significant in individuals with four infections. The risk of progression to AIDS without Kaposi's sarcoma also increased with the number of infections, although not significantly. Similar results were found when considering CD4+ cell count <200 × 106 cells/L as the endpoint. Concurrent infection with more than one herpesvirus does not appear to have a significant effect on the course of HIV disease, except for the known association between HHV‐8 and Kaposi's sarcoma. However, even after excluding Kaposi's sarcoma from the AIDS‐defining endpoints, a slightly increased risk for participants with four herpesvirus infections remained. J. Med. Virol. 69:182–187, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.