bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It was a Different Time: Judging Historical Figures by Today's Moral Standards
Authors: Archer Alfred , Matheson Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTHow should we respond to historical figures who played an important role in their country's history but have also perpetrated acts of great evil? Much of the existing philosophical literature on this topic has focused on explaining why it may be wrong to celebrate such figures. However, a common response that is made in popular discussions around these issues is that we should not judge historical figures by today's standards. Our goal in this article is to examine the most plausible way to understand this objection. We will examine three different interpretations of this argument. First, we will examine a view we call Temporal Moral Relativism, according to which moral standards are relative to particular points in time. Next, we outline Blame Relativism, the view that people from the past may be excused from blame for acts of conventionalised wrongdoing. Finally, we outline Ideals Relativism, according to which our moral ideals are partially relative to the time in which we live. We argue that Ideals Relativism provides the most plausible interpretation of this argument.
A rapid freezing method to determine tissue layer thickness in drought‐stressed leaves
Authors: Zekri Maryam Alsadat , Leimhofer Carina , Drexler Nicole , Lang Ingeborg 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlants have been affected by water stress ever since they settled on dry land. In severe and persisting drought, plant leaves are wilting. However, a documentation at the anatomical level of the minute changes that occur before wilting is challenging. On the other hand, understanding the anatomical alteration in plant leaves with respect to water stress provides a stronger basis to study molecular and submolecular processes through which plants enhance drought tolerance. In this work, we applied an affordable method to visualise mesophyll layers of Arabidopsis thaliana cell lines without preparation steps that would alter the volume of the cells. We rapidly plunge‐froze the leaves in liquid nitrogen, cut them while in the N2 bath, and immediately imaged the mesophyll cross sections in a scanning electron microscope. We applied a reduction of watering from 60 to 40 to 20 mL per day and investigated two time points, 7 and 12 days, respectively. Interestingly, the overall thickness of leaves increased in water stress conditions. Our results showed that the palisade and spongy layers behaved differently under varying watering regimes. Moreover, the results showed that this method can be used to image leaf sections after drought stress without the risk of artefacts or swelling caused by contact to liquids as during chemical fixation.
Nurses' safety climate, quality of care, and standard precautions adherence and compliance: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Berdida Daniel Joseph E. , Grande Rizal Angelo N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionInvestigations about the interrelationships of nurses' safety climate, quality of care, and standard precautions (SP) adherence and compliance remain particularly scarce in the literature. Thus, we tested a model of the associations between nurses' safety climate, quality of care, and the factors influencing adherence and compliance with SPs utilizing the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach.DesignCross‐sectional design complying with STROBE guidelines.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, nurses (n = 730) from the Philippines were recruited. Data were collected between April and September 2022 using four validated self‐report measures. Spearman Rho, mediation and path analyses, and SEM were employed for data analysis.ResultsAcceptable model fit indices were shown by the emerging model. The safety climate is positively associated with quality of care and factors influencing adherence to and compliance with SPs. Quality of care directly affected factors influencing adherence to SPs. The factors influencing adherence to SPs directly affected SP compliance. Quality of care mediated between safety climate and the factors influencing adherence to SPs. Factors influencing adherence to SPs mediated between safety climate, quality of care, and SP compliance.ConclusionsThe study's variables are not distinct but overlapping nursing concepts that must be examined collectively. Nurse administrators can utilize the emerging model to formulate strategies and regulations for evaluating and enhancing nurses' safety climate, quality of care, and SP adherence and compliance.Clinical RelevanceOur findings may impact policymaking, organizational, and individual levels to improve nurses' clinical practice.Patient or Public ContributionThis study had no patient contribution or public funding.
Rosacea treatment with mussel adhesive protein delivered via microneedling: In vivo and clinical studies
Authors: Luo Yinli , Nan Meilan , Dong Richeng , Jin Qingmei , Yuan Jiachen , Zhi Jiahui , Pi Longquan , Jin Zhehu , Jin Chenglong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a prevalent chronic dermatological condition marked by facial inflammation and erythema, significantly compromising the quality of life for affected individuals. Current treatment methods for rosacea are not considered ideal because of the complex etiology of the disease. Mussel adhesive protein (MAP) is a glycoprotein derived from the foot gland of mussels. The protein exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties, relieves skin itching, and promotes wound healing.AimsWe aimed to explore the feasibility of using MAP administered via microneedle delivery for treating rosacea and the potential molecular mechanism involved.Materials and MethodsThe therapeutic effect and mechanism of MAP microneedle delivery in an LL‐37‐induced rosacea‐like mouse model were observed using morphological and histological methods. Twenty‐seven patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) underwent treatment once every 1 month, with three treatments constituting one treatment course. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by comparing the clinical images taken at baseline, after the first treatment course, and after the second treatment course. The red value, CEA, and GFSS score were also calculated.ResultsIn response to the microneedle delivery of MAP, innate immunity, inflammatory infiltration, and abnormal neurovascular regulation improved significantly in rosacea‐like mice. In the clinical experiments, the microneedle delivery of MAP significantly improved the symptoms of erythema, flushing, and telangiectasia in patients with ETR, and no obvious adverse reactions were observed.ConclusionsMAP delivered by microneedling is effective and safe for treating ETR.
Classifying self‐management clusters of patients with mild cognitive impairment associated with diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Yun‐Xian , Yan Yuan‐Jiao , Lin Rong , Liang Ji‐Xing , Wang Na‐Fang , Chen Ming‐Feng , Li Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aims to propose a self‐management clusters classification method to determine the self‐management ability of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with diabetes mellitus (DM).BackgroundMCI associated with DM is a common chronic disease in old adults. Self‐management affects the disease progression of patients to a large extent. However, the comorbidity and patients' self‐management ability are heterogeneous.DesignA cross‐sectional study based on cluster analysis is designed in this paper.MethodThe study included 235 participants. The diabetes self‐management scale is used to evaluate the self‐management ability of patients. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyse the data, including descriptive statistics, agglomerative hierarchical clustering with Ward's method before k‐means clustering, k‐means clustering analysis, analysis of variance and chi‐square test.ResultsThree clusters of self‐management styles were classified as follows: Disease neglect type, life oriented type and medical dependence type. Among all participants, the percentages of the three clusters above are 9.78%, 32.77% and 57.45%, respectively. The difference between the six dimensions of each cluster is statistically significant.Conclusion(s)This study classified three groups of self‐management styles, and each group has its own self‐management characteristics. The characteristics of the three clusters may help to provide personalized self‐management strategies and delay the disease progression of MCI associated with DM patients.Relevance to clinical practiceTypological methods can be used to discover the characteristics of patient clusters and provide personalized care to improve the efficiency of patient self‐management to delay the progress of the disease.Patient or public contributionIn our study, we invited patients and members of the public to participate in the research survey and conducted data collection.
Psychological distress in adult women of reproductive age at different stages after breast cancer diagnosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Tao Lin , Wang Qiuzhou , Zeng Xiaohong , Fu Lan , Li Junying , Chen Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the actual experience of psychological distress of adult women of reproductive age at different stages after breast cancer diagnosis.DesignQualitative.MethodsEighty‐one patients with breast cancer‐related distress thermometer scores >4 were selected using a purposive sampling method. Patients were divided into newly diagnosed and 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, 9‐ and 12‐month groups according to time since diagnosis and then interviewed. A phenomenological approach was adopted to analyse interview content, and different themes were extracted.ResultsWomen exhibited different levels of psychological distress depending on the time since diagnosis, with newly diagnosed patients showing the highest distress. Within 1 year post‐diagnosis, different events caused patients distress. Themes extracted at new diagnosis and 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, 9‐ and 12 months post‐diagnosis included sadness and disbelief, loss of control, optimistic but concerned, physical and mental exhaustion, difficulties returning to society and limited sexual intimacy, respectively; all groups expressed reproductive concerns.ConclusionClinical nurses should focus on different psychologically distressing events to provide targeted interventions at distinct phases. For women of childbearing age, clinical nurses should pay particular attention to patients' marriage and reproductive concerns.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareDuring the year after a breast cancer diagnosis, patients of childbearing age experience events that cause psychological distress that differ depending on time since diagnosis. Nurses should focus on core stressful events and perform specific nursing interventions.ImpactTo provide holistic care, nurses should consider the psychological and emotional changes patients may undergo. For women of childbearing age, clinical nurses should pay particular attention to patients' marriage and fertility concerns, and be able to provide evidence‐based professional guidance on reproductive preservation techniques.Reporting MethodThe study was reported using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionPatients contributed to data collection through interviews.
The holistic nursing competence and transition shock of newly graduated nurses as the determinants of missed nursing care: The mediation analysis
Authors: Erdat Yildiz , Kuruca‐Ozdemir Emine , Kocoglu‐Tanyer Deniz , Duygulu Sergul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectiveTo investigate the determinants of missed nursing care and to analyse the mediating effect of holistic nursing competence on the relationship between transition shock and missed nursing care.BackgroundTransition shock of newly graduated nurses is associated with missed nursing care. Previous studies have shown the determinants of missed nursing care among nurses, but little is known about the relationship between missed nursing care, transition shock and holistic nursing competence.DesignDescriptive and correlational design.MethodsThe study was conducted among newly graduated nurses (n = 201) working in acute care hospitals for 1–12 months. The MISSCARE survey, Holistic Nursing Competence Scale and Nursing Transition Shock Scale were used for data collection, in addition to a sociodemographic question form. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation, multiple regression and mediation analyses. The study was reported following the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe determinants of missed nursing care among newly graduated nurses were sex, unit type, rotating shift work, holding a certificate, holistic nursing competence and transition shock. All these variables explain 35% of the variance in missed nursing care. Holistic nursing competence directly mediated 51.7% of the relationship between transition shock and missed nursing care.ConclusionsHolistic nursing competence may decrease missed nursing care by reducing the effects of transition shock on newly graduated nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study highlighted that newly graduated nurses are an important population regarding missed nursing care. The determinants of missed care should be considered in the nursing care delivery to prevent missed care by newly graduated nurses. Based on the study findings, some recommendations were made for nurse managers and faculty for the orientation program and undergraduate nursing education.
The effect of long‐term COVID‐19 on aetiological factors related to nocturia
Authors: Çulha Yeliz , Büyükyılmaz Funda , Çulha Mehmet Gökhan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study was conducted to examine the possible aetiology of nocturia in patients with long‐term COVID‐19.BackgroundPhysical and neuropsychiatric symptoms, an increase in overactive bladder symptoms, especially from urinary system complaints, has been reported in patients with COVID‐19, 10–14 weeks after the illness.DesignA descriptive design.MethodsThe study consisted of 70 patients who had experienced COVID‐19, had nocturia, and were followed in the State Hospital between April and July 2022. Data were collected using a patient information form, the ‘TANGO’ nocturia screening tool, and the Visual Analog Scale. This study was created in accordance with the STROBE Statement Checklist.ResultsWhen the nocturia effects of long‐term COVID‐19 were examined it was determined that the urinary tract was the ‘priority’ aetiological condition. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the aetiological factor groups in terms of the mean age of the patients and the number of nocturia (p < .05). According to post‐hoc analysis, the mean age of patients with a dominant cardio‐metabolic factor was found to be significantly younger (p < .05). In addition, when comparing the number of nocturia according to the aetiological factors of the patients, it was observed that the number of nocturia was significantly frequent in the patients with a dominant sleep factor (p < .05).ConclusionsIt was found that the urinary tract aetiological factor was dominant in patients with long‐term COVID‐19 and nocturia, patients with a dominant cardiovascular aetiological factor were younger, and that the number of nocturia was higher in patients with a dominant sleep factor.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIdentification of the early signs and symptoms and underlying causes of nocturia in individuals with post‐COVID‐19 syndrome will enable nurses and health professionals to guide the early identification of different underlying problems, as well as the implementation of approaches to treat and eliminate nocturia.Patient or Public ContributionThe patients contributed to the study by agreeing to participate in the evaluation of nocturia complaints after COVID‐19 infection.
Subtype 3.0 chondrites: Petrologic classification criteria
Authors: Kimura M. , Weisberg M. K. , Yamaguchi A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractType 3 chondrites are subdivided into 3.0–3.9. Subtype 3.0 chondrites nearly preserve all of their primitive features. Many criteria have been proposed to distinguish such primitive chondrites. Here, we compiled mineral data and reconsider the petrologic classification criteria for subtype 3.0. Chondrites are classified into subtypes by the minor element distribution of olivine and textural and chemical features of Fe‐Ni metal. The []Si4O8 and MgO components of feldspar also distinguish subtype 3.0 from subtypes ≥3.1. Other features, such as the occurrence of near pure chromite, are also indicators of subtype 3.0. It is difficult to distinguish between subtypes 3.0 and ≤2.9 based on mineral chemistry. Therefore, we propose the following criteria to distinguish between subtypes 3.0 and ≤2.9. In type 3.0 chondrites, major silicate (olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase), oxide, metal, and sulfide minerals do not show aqueous alteration features. Melilite, anorthite, and glass show no or mild aqueous alteration features. Subtype 3.0 has not been identified in all chondrite groups. The absence of subtype 3.0 from some groups mainly reflects differences in the degrees of secondary parent body processes among the chondrite groups.
The rice LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL enhances salt tolerance by regulating Na+/K+ homeostasis and ABA signalling
Authors: Li Chao , He Yi‐Qin , Yu Jie , Kong Jia‐Rui , Ruan Cheng‐Cheng , Yang Zhen‐Kun , Zhuang Jun‐Jie , Wang Yu‐Xiao , Xu Jian‐Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe circadian clock plays multiple functions in the regulation of plant growth, development and response to various abiotic stress. Here, we showed that the core oscillator component late elongated hypocotyl (LHY) was involved in rice response to salt stress. The mutations of OsLHY gene led to reduced salt tolerance in rice. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the OsLHY gene regulates the expression of genes related to ion homeostasis and the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway, including genes encoded High‐affinity K+ transporters (OsHKTs) and the stress‐activated protein kinases (OsSAPKs). We demonstrated that OsLHY directly binds the promoters of OsHKT1;1, OsHKT1;4 and OsSAPK9 to regulate their expression. Moreover, the ossapk9 mutants exhibited salt tolerance under salt stress. Taken together, our findings revealed that OsLHY integrates ion homeostasis and the ABA pathway to regulate salt tolerance in rice, providing insights into our understanding of how the circadian clock controls rice response to salt stress.
Reactive oxygen species are signaling molecules that modulate plant reproduction
Authors: Ali Mohammad Foteh , Muday Gloria K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) can serve as signaling molecules that are essential for plant growth and development but abiotic stress can lead to ROS increases to supraoptimal levels resulting in cellular damage. To ensure efficient ROS signaling, cells have machinery to locally synthesize ROS to initiate cellular responses and to scavenge ROS to prevent it from reaching damaging levels. This review summarizes experimental evidence revealing the role of ROS during multiple stages of plant reproduction. Localized ROS synthesis controls the formation of pollen grains, pollen−stigma interactions, pollen tube growth, ovule development, and fertilization. Plants utilize ROS‐producing enzymes such as respiratory burst oxidase homologs and organelle metabolic pathways to generate ROS, while the presence of scavenging mechanisms, including synthesis of antioxidant proteins and small molecules, serves to prevent its escalation to harmful levels. In this review, we summarized the function of ROS and its synthesis and scavenging mechanisms in all reproductive stages from gametophyte development until completion of fertilization. Additionally, we further address the impact of elevated temperatures induced ROS on impairing these reproductive processes and of flavonol antioxidants in maintaining ROS homeostasis to minimize temperature stress to combat the impact of global climate change on agriculture.
Optimal filters for ERP research II: Recommended settings for seven common ERP components
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Garrett David R. , Luck Steven J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn research with event‐related potentials (ERPs), aggressive filters can substantially improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio and maximize statistical power, but they can also produce significant waveform distortion. Although this tradeoff has been well documented, the field lacks recommendations for filter cutoffs that quantitatively address both of these competing considerations. To fill this gap, we quantified the effects of a broad range of low‐pass filter and high‐pass filter cutoffs for seven common ERP components (P3b, N400, N170, N2pc, mismatch negativity, error‐related negativity, and lateralized readiness potential) recorded from a set of neurotypical young adults. We also examined four common scoring methods (mean amplitude, peak amplitude, peak latency, and 50% area latency). For each combination of component and scoring methods, we quantified the effects of filtering on data quality (noise level and signal‐to‐noise ratio) and waveform distortion. This led to recommendations for optimal low‐pass and high‐pass filter cutoffs. We repeated the analyses after adding artificial noise to provide recommendations for data sets with moderately greater noise levels. For researchers who are analyzing data with similar ERP components, noise levels, and participant populations, using the recommended filter settings should lead to improved data quality and statistical power without creating problematic waveform distortion.
Effects of patient gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on psychiatric assessments: A vignette‐based experimental study
Authors: Wolgast Martin , Wolgast Sima Nurali , Levinsson Henrik 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate whether information about the gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status of the patient affects psychiatric assessments in a sample of practicing clinicians in Swedish adult psychiatry.MethodThe study used an experimental design in which vignettes describing patients were identical except for information regarding their gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The outcome variables included assessments of the severity of the patient's clinical condition, how dangerous the patient was to themselves and others, the likelihood of reporting to social services (due to concern for the welfare of children), and whether the patient was recommended psychotherapy or psychopharmaceutical treatment.ResultsA series of ANOVAs were performed to investigate main and interaction effects of the studied variables. The performed analyses identified several instances in which the clinicians' assessments varied as a function of the social categories under investigation. For example, male patients and “Arab Swedish” patients were perceived as more dangerous, “Arab Swedish” patients, male patients, and patients with low socioeconomic status were less likely to be recommended psychotherapy, and “Arab Swedish” patients were more likely to be reported to social services. The effect sizes were generally small.ConclusionsThe study provides support for the suggestion that information regarding patient gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status affects central aspects of psychiatric assessments. The results are interpreted and discussed in relation to other studies on the influence of social stereotypes on psychiatric assessments and the practice of clinical psychiatric assessments.