bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Surgical Delays for Femoral Neck Fractures and Early Postoperative Complications in Young and Middle-aged Adults: A Study Based on The National Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Hua Zhixun , Yang Qinfeng , Chen Xianyi , Chen Yang , Wang Jian , Chen Yuhang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Femoral neck fractures (FNF) in young and middle-aged adults are primarily caused by high-energy injuries in traffic accidents. Surgical delays often occur due to transportation issues, preoperative evaluations, and economic burdens.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on young and middle-aged FNF patients undergoing reduction and internal fixation surgeries from 2010 to 2019 with the use of the National Inpatient Sample database. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between surgical delays and complications, and the independent risk factors contributing to delays. Categorical variables were investigated via a chi-square test, while continuous variables including Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) scores, length of hospital stay (LOS), and total medical costs were analyzed via t-test or rank-sum test.
Results
9,204 patients undergoing reduction and internal fixation surgeries were included. In the delayed group, patients had higher ECI scores, longer hospital stays, higher expenses, and increased inpatient mortality (1.61% vs. 0.28%, P < 0.0001). Longer surgical delays were associated with higher risks of complications, including femoral head osteonecrosis, internal fixation loosening and breakage, and respiratory complications. Fluid and electrolyte disorders, metastatic cancer, pulmonary circulation disorders, and weight loss were identified as independent risk factors for surgical delays. Except for anemia (OR = 2.37, P < 0.0001), no significant differences in early postoperative complications were found between open-reduction and closed-reduction internal fixation (ORIF/CRIF) surgeries.
Conclusion
Early surgical intervention, within a 2-days period after injury, seems to be crucial for young adults with FNF. If CRIF is challenging in some cases, ORIF can be another choice.
Level of evidence: Ⅲ
Dry spells and probability of rainfall occurrence over Tanzania, East Africa
Authors: MAGANG DAWIDO , Ojara Moses , Lou Yusheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Agriculture is the pillar of Tanzania’s economy, employing a large portion (65%) of the population, however, agriculture is affected by probability of rainfall distribution and dry spells occurrence. In this study, the Markov chain approach employed to analyze the probability of rainfall and dry spells occurrence by using daily datasets of varying length from 1981 to 2019. The length of the maximum dry spells was obtained by using the Instat statistics package (v3.36) based on the longest period of consecutive days with less than 1.0mm (R < 1.0mm) and the length of a dry spells is the sum of the number of dry days in a sequence. The Mann-Kendall’s (MK) test employed for analyzing time series data and detecting trends of maximum dry spells and Sen’s slope to estimate the rate of change (Q2) in days per month. MK test results show insignificant decrease in the length of the maximum dry spells in March at 7 stations out of 9. For the month of April and May, the length of a maximum dry spells is observed to be increasing over most stations although not statistically significant at the 5% significance level. The probability of 8-days of dry spells is high across all stations (42.2%-82.0%) in October, November, and December. Climate change is a significant factor contributing to the occurrence of dry spells in Tanzania. Understanding these causes is essential for the development of adaptation and mitigation measures, that could be water conservation and management, climate-resilient agriculture, ecosystem restoration, and policy support.
Implementing a Metabolism-Informed Approach for Smoking Cessation in an Alaska Tribal Health System: Study Protocol for a Single-Arm Implementation Pilot Trial
Authors: Jansen Kelley , Tranby Brianna , Shane Aliassa , Takeno Todd , Chadwick Kelly , Sinicrope Pamela , Shaw Jennifer , Tyndale Rachel , Harris Jeffrey , Patten Christi , Avey Jaedon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Individualized treatment for commercial tobacco smoking cessation, such as through the utilization of the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), offers substantial clinical benefit. NMR is a metabolism-informed biomarker that can be used to guide medication selection. NMR testing is particularly promising for tobacco cessation efforts in populations with high rates of smoking, such as some Alaska Native and American Indian (AN/AI) communities. To date, no prior study has evaluated the implementation of NMR-guided tobacco cessation with AN/AI populations.
Methods
The present “QUIT” protocol is a two-phase study that will occur at Southcentral Foundation (SCF), an Alaska Native-owned health system, serving 70,000 AN/AI people, based in Anchorage, Alaska. In Phase one, qualitative interviews with customer-owners (patients), providers and administrators (n = 36) and a 10-participant beta-test will be used to refine a strategy to implement NMR testing in the health system. Phase two will involve a single-arm pilot trial (n = 50) and qualitative interviews throughout data collection (n = 48) to evaluate the implementation strategy and explore the real-world acceptability and feasibility of NMR testing to guide tobacco cessation with AN/AI populations.
Discussion
This study utilizes a community-based participatory approach to refine and implement a nicotine metabolism-informed smoking cessation program in a Tribal healthcare setting. The process and findings from this study will reflect the importance of customer-owner choice and honor the lived experience involved in quitting commercial tobacco. Pilot study data will inform the effect and sample sizes required for a future pragmatic trial of NMR-guided smoking cessation.
Follicular atresia in buffalo: Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Chunyan Yang , Haiying Zheng , Amin Ahmed , Faheem Marwa S. , Anqin Duan , Lingyu Li , Peng Xiao , Mengqi Li , Jianghua Shang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Atresia, a prevailing phenomenon within the majority of ovarian follicles, is a process regulated by hormone-induced apoptosis and influenced by changes in both endocrine and paracrine factors. Amongthese alterations, granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis is a key mechanism orchestrated through diverse signaling pathways. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) signaling within ovarian GCs has been demonstrated to play a key role in the regulation of follicular atresia in cattle, pigs and sheep. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential local regulatory role of CART in the process of GCapoptosis-induced follicular atresia in buffalo, focusing on the modulation of the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathways, the intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell viability. To address our objective, we firstinvestigated the association between CART gene (CARTPT) expression levels and follicular atresia by conducting gene expression analyses for CARTPT and related genes in both healthy and atretic follicles. Next, we investigated the influence of CART supplementation, with or without FSH, on GCestradiol production and apoptosis, exploring its potential regulatory role in the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathways.
Results:
Our findings revealed increased expression of the CARTPT and BAX genes in atretic follicles, accompanied by decreased levels of AKT, β-catenin, and CYP19A1, compared to those in healthy follicles. Subsequently, CART treatment in the presence of FSH potently inhibited the FSH-induced rise in GC viability by reducing estradiol production and increasing apoptosis. This change was accompanied by an increase in the gene expression levels of both CARTPT and BAX, while the expression levels of AKT and CYP19A1 weresignificantly decreased. Moreover, at the protein level, treatment with CART in the presence of FSH negatively affects the activity of AKT, β-catenin and LEF1, while the activity of GSK3β was enhanced.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study illuminates how CART negatively influences buffalo GC viability by affecting estradiol production and promoting apoptosis—a key factor in follicular atresia. This regulatory mechanism involves modulation of the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, providing valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms governing ovarian follicle development and granulosa cell function. These findings have implications for reproductive biology not only for buffalo but also for different species.
An Observational Study to Measure the Depth of Hypnosis Using Entropy in Indian Paediatric Population Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Miniyar Sneha Bipin , Baliarsing Lipika Amresh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the depth of hypnosis in the Indian pediatric population undergoing uropelvic and abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia using entropy monitoring.The methodology involves pre-operative evaluation, pre-medication, induction with intravenous agents, and the use of inhalation anesthesiaThe conclusion suggests that entropy-guided titration of anesthetic agents in pediatric patients is crucial for achieving smooth induction, maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability, enabling early extubation, and facilitating faster recovery. However, you also acknowledge the need for larger, multi-centric studies to generalize the findings and support the routine use of entropy monitoring in clinical practice.
Potential biomarkers and drug targets in glycoproteome of MCF-7 breast cancer cells based on proteomics and bioinformatics strategies Running title: Protein drug targets in MCF-7 cell line
Authors: niknam Zahra , Sadjjadi Fatemeh Sadat , Molavi Zahra , Rahmani Dibachehr , Zali Hakimeh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Identifying differentially expressed glycoproteins (DEGs) during cancer progression is an excellent approach to discovering novel biomarkers. The current study investigated detected DEGs in the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line due to finding candidate drug targets and biomarkers. DEGs, using DAVID and Gene Ontology databases, are categorized into three main classes of proteins involved in cancer progression, including receptor proteins, proteins involved in endocytosis, and metastasis. UALCAN database was used for validation and analyze the expression levels of the identified proteins in breast cancer tissue. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using the STRING database and analyzed using Cytoscape software. Four up-regulated receptor proteins in the MCF-7 cell line were enriched as follows: CD239, CD55, CD47, and CD112. Gal-3BP and vitronectin proteins involved in endocytosis also showed upregulation in the MCF-7 cell line. CTSD and DPPII were determined as overexpressed proteases in the MCF-7 cell line, which are involved in breast cancer metastasis. Ten glycoproteins were identified only in MCF-7 cells, including APOD, BCAM, CLU, IFI30, GRN, LYPD3, NAAA, PODXL, SEZ6L2, and VTN. Among them, the APOD is expressed at much higher levels (191-fold) in MCF-7 cells versus normal cells. PPI network analysis also demonstrated FN1 and ITGB1 as hub proteins. Our analysis of DEGs in the MCF-7 cells, integrated with data from the UALCAN database, highlighted glycoproteins that can be considered as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic molecular targets.
The analysis of lamb and beef fatty acids with a 30 m BPX70 column is comparable with a 120 m column
Authors: Clayton Edward H. , Holman Benjamin W. B. , Meyer Richard G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) typically uses long capillary columns (100 m or greater) which can be expensive and time consuming. The current study determined whether the major FAME of interest for human health in lamb and beef can be quantify using a 30 m compared with 120 m moderately polar capillary (BPX70) column. Lamb and beef samples were selected to cover a range of total intramuscular fat content and from either grass- or grain-fed animals. Results from the current study indicated that all major long-chain FAME of human health importance, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, could be identified on the 30 m BPX70 column. The correlation (r2) for fatty acid proportions between columns for both lamb and beef was > 0.98 for all major n-3PUFA and > 0.86 for all major CLAs. When animals were fed a grain-based diet, C18:1n-7t (vaccenic acid) could not be resolved from C18:1n-8t when analysed on the 30 m column. The FAME profile of lamb and beef, particularly those important for nutritional composition tables, can be determined using a 30 m BPX70 column, thereby saving time and expense compared with longer columns. Particular care should be employed when analysing samples from sheep or cattle that are grain-fed due to co-eluting of C18:1n-8t.
Drivers and Implications of land use land cover change for Wufe- Washa Forest and neighboring areas, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Hake Aklilu Assefa , Damene Shimeles , Deche Almaz , Mekonnen Esubalew Nebebe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Land use land cover change (LULCC) has been among the causes of accelerated global environmental change, particularly in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study, therefore, aimed to comprehend and detect the dynamics and spatial pattern of LULC in Wufe-Washa Forest and the neighboring areas over the last five decades. Sequential Landsat satellite images of different times, Multispectral Scanner/MSS (1973), Thematic Mapper/TM (1985), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus/ETM (2000), and Operational Landsat Imageries/OLI (2022) were used to generate LULC types. The image analysis used R Studio (version 02.2.4) and Random Forest (RF) techniques supported by training data derived from field, Google Earth map, and Landsat images, with sample sizes corresponding to different years. Stratified random sampling generated a total of 320, 370, 460, and 515 points for 1973, 1985, 2000, and 2022, respectively. Socio-economic data from the local community were used to identify the drivers of LULCC and its repercussions on the biophysical environment. Classification used 70% and 30% of the points for training and accuracy testing, prospectively. The classification considered target classes relevant to the study's purpose, which yielded six classes based on image analysis supported by site observation and interviews, such as forest, cropland, bare land, shrublands, grassland, and settlement LULC types. The LULCC analysis result also revealed that the forest cover increased by 39.03% in the period from 1973 to1985 and increased by 45.37%, during 1985–2000. However, in the third comparison period (2000–2022) the forest cover decreased by 4.58%. Socioeconomic and political factors such as agricultural expansion activities, population pressure, and government policy changes were the major causes of forest cover change in the study area. Therefore, it is important to have an appropriate land use plan and policy to ensure a well-taught LULCC.
Artificial Intelligence in the Pharmaceutical Sector of India: Future Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Kimta Aprajita , Dogra Reena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The pharmaceutical sector in India has emerged as a global leader, contributing significantly to the production of affordable generic drugs and vaccines. Despite its success, the industry faces challenges from early research and development stages to market deployment. This research paper explores the future prospects and challenges of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the Indian pharmaceutical sector. Methodologically, the research relies on secondary data from 2011 to 2019, collected from various published sources, primarily the Reserve Bank of India. The evaluation of performance was conducted using compound annual growth rate. AI has the potential to address longstanding issues, enhance operational efficiency, and reduce costs associated with drug discovery and development. Successful integration requires collaborative efforts from the public and private sectors, emphasizing resource allocation for education, infrastructure, regulatory reforms, and workforce development. The incorporation of AI presents a transformative opportunity for the Indian pharmaceutical sector, offering advancements in drug development, manufacturing, and quality control. Despite the promising prospects, the paper acknowledges challenges in implementing AI, including financial limitations, workforce competency, data security concerns, and regulatory complexities. The study emphasizes the need for strategic collaboration to ensure responsible and effective utilization of AI in the pharmaceutical industry.
Targeting BMAL1 reverse drug resistance of acute myeloid leukemia cells and promoting ferroptosis through HMGB1-GPX4 signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Hong , Wu Ting , Lin Zhi , Wang Dan , Zhang Jing , Zeng Ting , Liu Leping , Shen Jie , Zhao Mingyi , Li Jia-Da , Yang Minghua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a refractory hematologic malignancy that poses a serious threat to human health. Exploring alternative therapeutic strategies capable of inducing alternative modes of cell death, such as ferroptosis, holds great promise as a viable and effective intervention.
Methods
We analyzed online database data and collected clinical samples to verify the expression and function of BMAL1 in AML. We conducted experiments on AML cell proliferation, cell cycle, ferroptosis, and chemotherapy resistance by overexpressing/knocking down BMAL1 and using assays such as MDA detection and BODIPY 581/591 C11 staining. We validated the transcriptional regulation of HMGB1 by BMAL1 through ChIP assay, luciferase assay, RNA level detection, and western blotting. Finally, we confirmed the results of our cell experiments at the animal level.
Results
BMAL1 up-regulation is an observed phenomenon in AML patients. Furthermore, there existed a strong correlation between elevated levels of BMAL1 expression and inferior prognosis in individuals with AML. We found that knocking down BMAL1 inhibited AML cell growth by blocking the cell cycle. Conversely, overexpressing BMAL1 promoted AML cell proliferation. Moreover, our research results revealed that BMAL1 inhibited ferroptosis in AML cells through BMAL1-HMGB1-GPX4 pathway. Finally, knocking down BMAL1 can enhance the efficacy of certain first-line cancer therapeutic drugs, including venetoclax, dasatinib, and sorafenib.
Conclusion
Our research results suggest that BMAL1 plays a crucial regulatory role in AML cell proliferation, drug resistance, and ferroptosis. BMAL1 could be a potential important therapeutic target for AML.
The role of gut microbiota and inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of PCOS: A Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Lin Ru , Wang Jian , Fu Wenting , Tuo Shumei , Ran Jie , Shao Yawen , Shao YaWen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disorder, yet its etiology remains incompletely understood. Recent studies have suggested that gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation could potentially contribute to the development of PCOS.
Methods: In this study, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota, inflammatory factors, and PCOS development. Publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were utilized, and MR analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationships between them.
Results: The study revealed potential causal relationships between certain taxonomic groups within the gut microbiota and the risk of PCOS development. Specifically, taxa such as the phylum Cyanobacteria, the order Burkholderiales, the genus Holdemania, the genus Candidatus Soleaferrea, the genus Blautia, and the genus Bilophila exhibited negative associations with the risk of PCOS, suggesting a protective effect against the condition. Conversely, taxa such as the family Lachnospiraceae, the class Bacilli, and the class Alphaproteobacteria showed positive associations with the risk of PCOS, potentially increasing susceptibility to the disease. Additionally, the study identified inflammatory factors such as CCL2, IL-12, and IL18Ra as having potential causal relationships with the risk of PCOS.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that both gut microbiota and inflammatory factors may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to exacerbated inflammatory responses, potentially influencing the development of PCOS. Further research endeavors can delve deeper into elucidating the specific roles and interactions between gut microbiota and inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This could open up novel avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS by identifying new targets and therapeutic strategies.
Is intrapelvic tumor height correlated with long-term functional outcomes after surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal teratoma?
Authors: Al-shaqsi Yousuf , Irtan Sabine , Lallemant Pauline , Blondiaux Eleonore , Coulomb-Lhermine Aurore , Audry Georges 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is considered the most common congenital neoplasm in neonates. This study aimed to assess long-term impacts on urinary and anorectal functions and quality of life (QoL) in patients who underwent surgery for SCT and identify predictive factors for these outcomes.
Methods: Medical records of all patients who underwent surgery for SCT at the Armand Trousseau Hospital and had a minimum follow-up of 4 years were retrospectively reviewed. Age-appropriate questionnaires were used to evaluate urinary and anorectal functions and QoL. Urodynamic studies and radiological images were also retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Twenty-six patients (median age=17 years) were identified. Among them, 12 patients had functional impairments: seven had isolated anorectal dysfunction and five had both urinary and anorectal dysfunctions, including neurogenic bladder (n=2) and/or detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (n=3). Anorectal dysfunction (n=12) included chronic constipation (n=11) and/or fecal soiling (n=8). A significant correlation was observed between adverse outcomes and intrapelvic tumor height (ITH) (median was 27 mm and 15 mm with and without functional impairments, respectively; p<0.05). Of 12 questionnaire respondents, two patients experienced uro-anorectal dysfunction and five experienced isolated anorectal dysfunction. Most patients reported having a good QoL, and only one patient reported a severe impact on daily life.
Conclusions: Urinary and anorectal dysfunctions are non-negligible long-term outcomes in SCT patients that are significantly related to ITH. Postoperative follow-up enables early detection of bladder and anorectal impairment and treatment with conservative measures that can improve QoL.
Level of evidence: III