bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse volcanism and crustal recycling on early Mars
Authors: Michalski Joseph R. , Deanne Rogers A. , Edwards Christopher S. , Cowart Aster , Xiao Long 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe relatively well-preserved ancient crust of Mars provides a natural window into early planetary evolution not available on Earth due to sustained tectonic recycling and erosion on this planet. Mars has generally been considered a one-plate basaltic planet, though recent evidence suggests magmatic evolution resulting in felsic crust might have occurred sporadically. Here we show multiple lines of evidence for diverse volcanism and complex volcanotectonics in the southern highlands of Mars within and around the ∼3.5–4-billion-year-old Eridania basin. Infrared remote sensing reveals bimodal volcanism consisting of olivine-bearing basalts and voluminous, widespread dacitic (64–69% SiO2, and possibly higher) volcanic deposits within a region of high crustal potassium. The diverse igneous compositions are associated with an extraordinary number and morphological range of volcanic structures, including domes, stratovolcanoes, calderas and pyroclastic shields occurring proximal to large (hundreds of kilometres in diametre) basins within the Eridania region. The 2–4 km-deep topographically concave-up basins have crustal thicknesses 10–20 km thinner than adjacent terrain and disrupt patterns of deeply seated remnant crustal magnetism. The Eridania basins may represent ancient episodes of crustal recycling via lithospheric delamination in which altered, hydrated volcanic materials were cycled downward and melted resulting in magmatic evolution analogous to pre-plate tectonic processes on the Archaean Earth.
Basal ganglia–spinal cord pathway that commands locomotor gait asymmetries in mice
Authors: Cregg Jared M. , Sidhu Simrandeep K. , Leiras Roberto , Kiehn Ole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe basal ganglia are essential for executing motor actions. How the basal ganglia engage spinal motor networks has remained elusive. Medullary Chx10 gigantocellular (Gi) neurons are required for turning gait programs, suggesting that turning gaits organized by the basal ganglia are executed via this descending pathway. Performing deep brainstem recordings of Chx10 Gi Ca2+ activity in adult mice, we show that striatal projection neurons initiate turning gaits via a dominant crossed pathway to Chx10 Gi neurons on the contralateral side. Using intersectional viral tracing and cell-type-specific modulation, we uncover the principal basal ganglia–spinal cord pathway for locomotor asymmetries in mice: basal ganglia → pontine reticular nucleus, oral part (PnO) → Chx10 Gi → spinal cord. Modulating the restricted PnO → Chx10 Gi pathway restores turning competence upon striatal damage, suggesting that dysfunction of this pathway may contribute to debilitating turning deficits observed in Parkinson’s disease. Our results reveal the stratified circuit architecture underlying a critical motor program.
Ancient and modern DNA track temporal and spatial population dynamics in the European fallow deer since the Eemian interglacial
Authors: Baker K. H. , Gray H. W. I. , Lister A. M. , Spassov N. , Welch A. J. , Trantalidou K. , De Cupere B. , Bonillas E. , De Jong M. , Çakırlar C. , Sykes N. , Hoelzel A. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic factors have impacted the diversity and evolutionary trajectory of various species. This can be through factors such as pressure on population size or range, habitat fragmentation, or extensive manipulation and translocation. Here we use time-calibrated data to better understand the pattern and processes of evolution in the heavily manipulated European fallow deer (Dama dama). During the Pleistocene, fallow deer had a broad distribution across Europe and were found as far north as Britain during the Eemian interglacial. The last glacial period saw fallow deer retreat to southern refugia and they did not disperse north afterwards. Their recolonisation was mediated by people and, from northern Europe and the British Isles, fallow deer were transported around the world. We use ancient and modern mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitogenomic data from Eemian Britain to assess the pattern of change in distribution and lineage structure across Europe over time. We find founder effects and mixed lineages in the northern populations, and stability over time for populations in southern Europe. The Eemian sample was most similar to a lineage currently in Italy, suggesting an early establishment of the relevant refuge. We consider the implications for the integration of anthropogenic and natural processes towards a better understanding of the evolution of fallow deer in Europe.
Development and validation of cardiac diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of myocardial injury in small animal models
Authors: Park Chul Hwan , Kim Pan Ki , Kim Yoonjung , Kim Tae Hoon , Hong Yoo Jin , Ahn Eunkyung , Cha Yoon Jin , Choi Byoung Wook 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCardiac diffusion weighted-magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has slowly developed due to its technical difficulties. However, this limitation could be overcome by advanced techniques, including a stimulated echo technique and a gradient moment nulling technique. This study aimed to develop and validate a high-order DWI sequence, using echo-planar imaging (EPI) and second-order motion-compensated (M012) diffusion gradient applied to cardiac imaging in small-sized animals with fast heart and respiratory rates, and to investigate the feasibility of cardiac DWI, diagnosing acute myocardial injury in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury rat models. The M012 diffusion gradient sequence was designed for diffusion tensor imaging of the rat myocardium and validated in the polyvinylpyrrolidone phantom. Following sequence optimization, 23 rats with isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial injury and five healthy control rats underwent cardiac MRI, including cine imaging, T1 mapping, and DWI. Diffusion gradient was applied using a 9.4-T MRI scanner (Bruker, BioSpec 94/20, gradient amplitude = 440 mT/m, maximum slew rate = 3440 T/m/s) with double gating (electrocardiogram and respiratory gating). Troponin I was used as a serum biomarker for myocardial injury. Histopathologic examination of the heart was subsequently performed. The developed DWI sequence using EPI and M012 provided the interpretable images of rat hearts. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were significantly higher in rats with acute myocardial injury than in the control group (1.847 ± 0.326 * 10–3 mm2/s vs. 1.578 ± 0.144 * 10–3 mm2/s, P < 0.001). Troponin I levels were increased in the blood samples of rats with acute myocardial injury (P < 0.001). Histopathologic examinations detected myocardial damage and subendocardial fibrosis in rats with acute myocardial injury. The newly developed DWI technique has the ability to detect myocardial injury in small animal models, representing high ADC values on the myocardium with isoproterenol-induced injury.
Biological effects of Lippia alba essential oil against Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti
Authors: Coulibaly Fangala Hamidou , Rossignol Marie , Haddad Mohamed , Carrasco David , Azokou Alain , Valente Adeline , Ginibre Carole , Koné Mamidou Witabouna , Chandre Fabrice 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe management of mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides and the biting behaviour of some species are motivating the search for complementary and/or alternative control methods. The use of plants is increasingly considered as a sustainable biological solution for vector control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of the essential oil (EO) ofLippia albaharvested in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) againstAnopheles gambiaeandAedes aegyptimosquitoes. Phytochemical compounds were identified by GC–MS. Knockdown and mortality were determined according to the WHO test tube protocol. Contact irritancy was assessed by observing the movement of mosquitoes from a treated WHO tube to a second untreated tube. Non-contact repellency was assessed using a standardised high-throughput screening system (HITSS). Blood meal inhibition was assessed using a membrane feeding assay treated with EO. The EO was identified as the citral chemotype. The EO gave 100% KD60 in both species at a concentration of 1%. Mortalities of 100% were recorded withAn. gambiaeandAe. aegyptiat concentrations of 1% and 5% respectively. The highest proportions of females escaping during the contact irritancy test were 100% forAn. gambiaeat 1% concentration and 94% forAe.aegyptiat 2.5% concentration. The 1% concentration produced the highest proportions of repelled mosquitoes in the non-contact repellency tests: 76.8% (An. gambiae) and 68.5% (Ae. aegypti). The blood meal inhibition rate at a dose of 10% was 98.4% inAe.aegyptibut only 15.5% inAn. gambiae. The citral chemotype ofL. albaEO has promising biological effects in both species that make it a potentially good candidate for its use in mosquito control. The results obtained in this study encourage the further evaluation ofL. albaEOs from other localities and of different chemotypes, under laboratory and field conditions.
Plant-related Philistine ritual practices at biblical Gath
Authors: Frumin Suembikya , Maeir Aren M. , Eniukhina Maria , Dagan Amit , Weiss Ehud 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Philistine culture (Iron Age, ca. 1200-604 BCE) profoundly impacted the southern Levant's cultural history, agronomy, and dietary customs. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the Philistines’ cultic praxis and deities, is limited and uncertain. Here, we combine archaeological data with a meticulous study of plant use at two successive temples at Tell eṣ-Ṣâfī/Gath. We provide a list of the plants used, their time of harvest, mode of offering, and possible symbolism. Analysis of the temples' macrobotanical (seed and fruits) plant assemblage reveals the offerings; that the inception date for rites was early spring; and sheds light on the date of the final utilization of the temples (late summer/early fall). Besides food crops, we note the earliest cultic use of chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), crown daisy (Glebionis coronaria), and scabious (Lomelosia argentea). These wide-spread Mediterranean plants were known so far only in later cults—of early Greek deities, such as Hera, Artemis, Demeter, and Asclepios. We discuss the data as reflecting that the Philistine religion relied on the magic and power of nature, such as fresh water and seasonality, which influence human life, health, and activity. In sum, our results offer novel insights into the culture of the Philistines.
A new approach to classifying polymer type of microplastics based on Faster-RCNN-FPN and spectroscopic imagery under ultraviolet light
Authors: Thammasanya Thunchanok , Patiam Sakarat , Rodcharoen Eknarin , Chotikarn Ponlachart 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHazardous compounds from microplastics in coastal and marine environments are adsorbed by live organisms, affecting human and marine life. It takes time, money and effort to study the distribution and type of microplastics in the environment, using appropriate expensive equipment in a laboratory. However, deep learning can assist in identifying and quantifying microplastics from an image. This paper presents a novel microplastic classification method that combines the benefits of UV light with deep learning. The Faster-RCNN model with a ResNet-50-FPN backbone was implemented to detect and identify microplastics. Microplastic images from the field taken under UV light were used to train and validate the model. This classification model achieved a high precision of 85.5–87.8%, and the mAP scores were 33.9% on an internal test set and 35.7% on an external test set. This classification approach provides a high-accuracy, low-cost, and time-effective automated identification and counting of microplastics.
Ipomoea carnea mitigates ethanol-induced ulcers in irradiated rats via Nrf2/HO−1 pathway: an in vivo and in silico study
Authors: Ghareeb Mosad A. , Mohammed Hala Sh. , Aboushousha Tarek , Lotfy Dina M. , El-Shazly Maha A. M. , Sobeh Mansour , Taha Eman F. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Ipomoea carnea flower methanolic extract (ICME) as a natural gastroprotective therapy against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, particularly in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). The study focused on the Nrf2/HO−1 signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa from oxidative stress and inflammation. Male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups, the control group received distilled water orally for one week, while other groups were treated with ethanol to induce stomach ulcers, IR exposure, omeprazole, and different doses of ICME in combination with ethanol and/or IR. The study conducted comprehensive analyses, including LC-HRESI-MS/MS, to characterize the phenolic contents of ICME. Additionally, the Nrf2/HO−1 pathway, oxidative stress parameters, gastric pH, and histopathological changes were examined. The results showed that rats treated with IR and/or ethanol exhibited histopathological alterations, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced expression levels of Nrf2 and HO−1. However, pretreatment with ICME significantly improved these parameters. Phytochemical analysis identified 39 compounds in ICME, with flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and fatty acids as the predominant compounds. Virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that ICME may protect against gastric ulceration by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of ICME as a natural gastroprotective therapy for preventing gastric ulcers. These findings contribute to the development of novel interventions for gastrointestinal disorders using natural plant extracts particularly in individuals with a history of radiation exposure.
Development and validation of predictive nomogram for postoperative non-union of closed femoral shaft fracture
Authors: Li Wenjing , Wang Yan , Zhou Shuai , Liu Shihang , Di Luqin , Chen Wei , Lv Hongzhi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClosed femoral shaft fracture is caused by high-energy injuries, and non-union exists after operation, which can significantly damage patients’ body and mind. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing postoperative non-union of closed femoral shaft fractures and establish a predictive nomogram. Patients with closed femoral shaft fractures treated at Hebei Medical University Third Hospital between January 2015 and December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. A total of 729 patients met the inclusion criteria; of them, those treated in 2015–2019 comprised the training cohort (n = 617), while those treated in 2020–2021 comprised the external validation cohort (n = 112). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, complex fractures, bone defects, smoking, and postoperative infection were independent risk factors. Based on the factors, a predictive nomogram was constructed and validated. The C-indices in training and external validation cohorts were 0.818 and 0.781, respectively; and the C-index of internal validation via bootstrap resampling was 0.804. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed good fit of the nomogram (P > 0.05) consistent with the calibration plot results. The clinical effectiveness was best at a threshold probability of 0.10–0.40 in decision curve analysis. The risk prediction for patients with fractures using this nomogram may aid targeted prevention and rehabilitation programs.
THM model of rock tunnels in cold regions and numerical simulation
Authors: Liu Naifei , Liang Shihao , Wang Shuangjie , Song Zhanping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe freezing damage of rock tunnels in cold region involves ice-water phase change and complicated interaction of Thermo–Hydro–Mechanical (THM) field. Taking the fractured rock mass of cold region tunnels as research subject, the THM coupling model of cold region tunnels was established, which is based on the seepage mechanics, heat transfer theory, damage mechanics and equivalent continuum theory. This model could reflect the anisotropic properties of deformation, water migration and heat transfer caused by the initial fracture of rock mass. The construction and operation processes of a rock tunnel in cold region were simulated, and results were compared with the measured value and predecessor’s achievements. It shows that proposed model could reflect the anisotropic property of surrounding rock and the simulated deformation and stress are not symmetrical. Compared with the literature, the calculated results in this paper are closer to the measured values. The insulating layer has a significant effect on the stress of the supporting structures. The maximum tension stress of the lining is 4.5 times as that without insulating layer, and the lining will be destroyed for the overlarge tension stress.
Experimental study on integrated desulfurization and denitrification of low-temperature flue gas by oxidation method
Authors: Bai Yanyuan , Wang Yungang , Xiu Haoran , Liu Tao , Zou Li , Liao Guoqiang , Xiao Qi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, TiO2 catalysts doped with different Fe contents (Fe-TiO2 catalysts) were prepared by coprecipitation method and the Fe loading capacity was optimized, and then the integrated pollutant removal experiment was conducted, in which TiO2 doped with Fe as catalyst and H2O2 as oxidant. The results show that under the condition of constant H2O2/(SO2 + NO) molar ratio, low concentration of SO2 can promote the oxidation and removal efficiency of NO, while high concentration of SO2 can inhibit the removal of NOx. The pollutant removal efficiency is proportional to the amount of catalyst, liquid–gas ratio and pH value of the absorbing solution. The optimal experimental conditions are H2O2/(SO2 + NO) molar ratio 1.5, space velocity ratio 10,000 h−1, H2O2 mass fraction 10 wt%, liquid gas ratio 10, pH 10. Correspondingly, NO oxidation efficiency reaches 88%, NOx removal efficiency 85.6%, and SO2 is almost completely removed. The microstructure of the catalyst before and after the reaction was characterized, and the crystal structure did not change obviously. However, with the deepening of the reaction, the specific surface area of the catalyst decreases, and the catalytic effect decreases slightly.
Computational analysis of a class of singular nonlinear fractional multi-order heat conduction model of the human head
Authors: Izadi Mohammad , Atangana Abdon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe subject of the article is devoted to the development of a matrix collocation technique based upon the combination of the fractional-order shifted Vieta–Lucas functions (FSVLFs) and the quasilinearization method (QLM) for the numerical evaluation of the fractional multi-order heat conduction model related to the human head with singularity and nonlinearity. The fractional operators are adopted in accordance with the Liouville–Caputo derivative. The quasilinearization method (QLM) is first utilized in order to defeat the inherent nonlinearity of the problem, which is converted to a family of linearized subequations. Afterward, we use the FSVLFs along with a set of collocation nodes as the zeros of these functions to reach a linear algebraic system of equations at each iteration. In the weighted$$L_2$$L2norm, the convergence analysis of the FSVLFs series solution is established. We especially assert that the expansion series form of FSVLFs is convergent in the infinity norm with order$${\mathcal {O}(\frac{1}{K^3})}$$O(1K3), whereKrepresents the number of FSVLFs used in approximating the unknown solution. Diverse computational experiments by running the presented combined QLM-FSVLFs are conducted using various fractional orders and nonlinearity parameters. The outcomes indicate that the QLM-FSVLFs produces efficient approximate solutions to the underlying model with high-order accuracy, especially near the singular point. Furthermore, the methodology of residual error functions is employed to measure the accuracy of the proposed hybrid algorithm. Comparisons with existing numerical models show the superiority of QLM-FSVLFs, which also is straightforward in implementation.
New multi-injection commutation topology for circuit breakers of HVDC transmission lines
Authors: Wadie Fady , Elsisi Mahmoud , Eliyan Tamer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPower-sharing between countries has an essential effect on increasing the power system’s reliability and allowing a resilient energy market. High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems are preferable for long-distance transmission to decrease power losses. However, HVDC transmission lines have many protection challenges including the differentiability between various types of HVDC circuit breakers (HVDC-CB). Although mechanical HVDC-CBs suffered from long response time, they superseded their solid-state counterparts in terms of price and power losses. In this paper, a multi-injection commutation system MICS-HVDC-CB is developed to provide economic and fast response HVDC-CB. The proposed breaker doesn’t add external elements to avoid any price increase but instead modifies the existing topology. The MICS consists of multiple L–C commutation circuits inserted sequentially following the receiving of the tripping signal. The proposed MICS-HVDC-CB was tested upon a real transmission line using ATP simulation software. The results emphasize that the developed MICS-HVDC-CB decreased the arcing time to 38.5% and 20% compared to passive and active DC-CBs. The impact of cooling power, arcing time constant, and fault resistance was also investigated. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed MICS topology in reducing the arcing time while keeping a simple and economic breaker structure.
Vibration prediction and analysis of the main beam of the TBM based on a multiple linear regression model
Authors: Yang Yalei , Du Lijie , Li Qingwei , Zhao Xiangbo , Ni Zhihua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe vibration of tunnel boring machine (TBM) is very difficult to monitor on sites, and related research on prediction methods is rare. Based on the field tunnelling test of a TBM in the Xinjiang Ehe project, the vibration information of the main beam of the TBM under different surrounding rock conditions is collected. The relationships among the tunnelling parameters, surrounding rock parameters and vibration parameters were studied. The results show that the penetration, cutter head speed, torque and thrust are important parameters affecting TBM vibration. In addition, the field penetration index and cutter head driving power index are significantly related to the root mean square of acceleration. Based on this, a multiple regression prediction model of TBM vibration is established. The model was verified and analysed via field projects, and the relative prediction error was less than 12%. This method can be used to predict the vibration of a TBM in real time through characteristic parameters without the use of a traditional monitoring system. This approach is highly important for determining the status of TBM equipment in real time.