bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of hospitalisation on ambulatory blood pressure in pregnancy
Authors: Walker Susan , Permezel Michael , Brennecke Shaun , Tuttle Lynette , Ugoni Antony , Higgins John 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTMethodsTwenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed on 40 women (20 hypertensive, 20 normotensive) on a hospitalised and nonhospitalised day. Mean blood pressure differences were calculated for the awake, sleeping and 24‐hour periods on both days.ResultsMean heart rate was higher at home (1.79, p = 0.04) than in hospital, but there were no significant differences in mean systolic (1.30 mmHg, p = 0.06), diastolic (0.78 mmHg, p = 0.21) or mean arterial blood pressure (0.81 mmHg, p = 0.19) between the hospitalised and non hospitalised day for the group overall. Nevertheless, the range of individual responses was wide (‐8.5 mmHg to 15.4 mmHg mean arterial blood pressure). Hypertensive women receiving antihypertensive therapy had significantly greater differences in mean arterial blood pressure between the hospital and non‐hospital day when compared to the rest of the group (5.8 mmHg, compared to 3.3 mm Hg, p = 0.02).ConclusionsAlthough hospitalisation does not significantly lower blood pressure in pregnant women as a group, women receiving antihypertensive therapy demonstrate significant differences in blood pressure between hospital and home. Based on conventional blood pressure measurements alone, these women may be at risk of either under treatment, or over treatment, of blood pressure.
Ten‐year results of Marshall Marchetti Krantz and anterior colporraphy procedures
Authors: Demirci Fuat , Yildirim Uzay , Demirci Elif , Ayas Selcuk , Arioglu Petek , Kuyumcuoglu Umur 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate subjective results of Marshall Marchetti Krantz (MMK) and anterior colporraphy (AC) procedures.Study designPatients who had operations for genuine stress incontinence 10 years ago were surveyed regarding their current incontinence status. Results of both procedures were evaluated and compared.ResultsFourteen of 28 patients in the MMK group and 21 of 67 patients in the AC group were evaluated at 10 years, the cure rates were found to be 64% and 38%, respectively.ConclusionWe conclude that the success rate of both procedures declines over time. The anterior colporraphy procedure appears to have a lower success rate than MMK, although this was not found to be statistically significant.
Analgesic efficacy of continuous delivery of bupivacaine by an elastomeric balloon infusor after abdominal hysterectomy: a prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Leong WM , Lo WK , Chiu JW 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the analgesic efficacy and morphinesparing effect of continuous bupivacaine wound infiltration after abdominal hysterectomy.DesignProspective, randomised controlled trial.SampleFifty‐two female ASA I or II patients were enrolled with 26 patients in each of the study and control groups.MethodsThe study group received 0.5% bupivacaine infusion into the incisional (Pfannenstiel) wound via an elastomeric infusor at 2 mL/hr for 48 hours postoperatively plus morphine via a patient controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The control group had only PCA morphine.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the visual analogue scores (VAS) for pain nor PCA morphine usage for 48 hours postoperatively.ConclusionThat continuous infusion of the incisional wound with 0.5% bupivacaine did not confer additional analgesia over PCA morphine after abdominal hysterectomy.
Transvaginal sonography and saline infusion sonohysterography in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Nanda Smiti , Chadha Nivedita , Sen Jyotsna , Sangwan Krishna 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) and saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) in diagnosing submucous fibroids and endometrial polyps in the patients of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).DesignProspective, comparative study.SettingPostgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, RohtakPopulationFifty patients with AUB underwent TVS and SIS prior to hysterectomy.Main outcome measuresComparison of diagnosis of submucous fibroids and endometrial polyps at TVS and SIS with the final diagnosis at hysterectomy ie ‘gold standard’.ResultsBoth procedures were helpful in detecting submucous fibroids and endometrial polyps. However, SIS was found to be more useful (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 100%, likelihood ratios of the presence and absence of submucous fibroids of infinity and 0.1 respectively) than TVS (sensitivity 70% and specificity 96.6% and likelihood ratios of 21.2 and 0.3 respectively) for submucous polyps. Saline infusion sonohysterography was also more accurate for endometrial polyps (sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.8%) than TVS (sensitivity 66.6%, specificity 100%). With SIS and TVS, the post‐test probability with negative test was 0% and 4%, respectively, thus suggesting that no endometrial polyp would be missed on SIS.ConclusionSaline infusion sonohysterography is more accurate in diagnosing submucous fibroids and endometrial polyps in the patients of abnormal uterine bleeding than is TVS. TVS should be included in the standard protocol for the management of AUB. Saline infusion sonohysterography should be reserved for those patients who have centrally located fibroids as they may be submucous.
The place of bowel resection in initial debulking surgery for advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Miller John , Proietto Anthony 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and morbidity associated with bowel resection at the initial debulking procedure for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.DesignRetrospective medical record and computerised database review.SettingJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales.SampleAll women with FIGO stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer and with adequate case note documentation who underwent bowel resection as part of their primary debulking surgery at the John Hunter Hospital from 1991 to July 2000.Main outcome measuresCumulative overall and disease free survival, optimal (residual disease < 1 cm) versus suboptimal cytoreduction and short (< 6 weeks) and long‐term postoperative morbidity.ResultsFor the optimally debulked patients the two and five‐year overall and disease free survival rates were 49%, 30%, 19% and 8.9% respectively. The two‐year overall survival rate for the suboptimally debulked patients was 20%. The major short‐term morbidity rate was 17.6%. Long‐term morbidity occurred in 10 of 51 patients; however, not all morbidity was surgery related.ConclusionsCytoreductive surgery, including bowel resection, appears indicated in the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The surgical morbidity rate from these procedures appears acceptable.
Respiratory symptoms as an indicator of undiagnosed bowel perforation following laparoscopic surgery – an observation
Authors: Cooper MJ , Reid GD , Kaloo P 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTUndiagnosed bowel perforation following diagnostic or operative laparoscopies is associated with significant morbidity and is indeed the primary cause of laparoscopy related mortality. The diagnosis of bowel perforation remains difficult, predominantly because of the highly varied clinical presentation.Respiratory symptoms have rarely been reported. We outline eight cases of undiagnosed bowel perforation in which the respiratory symptoms of dyspnoea and tachypnoea manifested themselves as an integral part of the clinical presentation. We believe these ‘atypical’ symptoms potentially further delayed the diagnosis and instigation of definitive management.Dyspnoea and other respiratory symptoms should be considered as additional warning signs of possible undiagnosed bowel perforation following laparoscopic surgery.
Imaging cells on polymer spherulites
Authors: SIMON C. G. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryPolymers are commonly used to construct tissue‐engineered medical products and the conditions used to process these polymeric materials can affect their biological performance. For semi‐crystalline polymers, thermal processing conditions can induce crystallization of the polymer chains into spherulites, which cause the polymer surface to become roughened. This change in surface topology can influence cell behaviours such as adhesion, morphology and proliferation. Herein, a simple microscope technique is presented, which combines fluorescence microscopy with transmitted white light microscopy using crossed polarizers. This technique allows simultaneous imaging of cells and polymer spherulites, which enables the biomaterials researcher to observe the effects of spherulites on cell alignment and morphology.
Automatic real‐time three‐dimensional cell tracking by fluorescence microscopy
Authors: RABUT G. , ELLENBERG J. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryLive cell imaging has become an indispensable technique for cell biologists. However, when grown on coverslip glass used for live cell imaging many cultured cells move even during relatively short observation times and focus can drift as a result of mechanical instabilities and/or temperature fluctuations. Time‐lapse imaging therefore requires constant adjustment of the imaging field and focus position to keep the cell of interest centred in the imaged volume. We show here that this limitation can be overcome by tracking cells in a fully automated way using the mass centre of cellular fluorescence. Combined with automated multiple location revisiting, this method dramatically increases the throughput of high‐resolution live cell imaging experiments.
Maximum pixel spectrum: a new tool for detecting and recovering rare, unanticipated features from spectrum image data cubes
Authors: BRIGHT D. S. , NEWBURY D. E. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryA new software tool, the maximum pixel spectrum, detects rare events within a spectrum image data cube, such as that generated with electron‐excited energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry in a scanning electron microscope. The maximum pixel spectrum is a member of a class of ‘derived spectra’ that are constructed from the spectrum image data cube. Similar to a conventional spectrum, a derived spectrum is a linear array of intensity vs. channel index that corresponds to photon energy. A derived spectrum has the principal characteristics of a real spectrum so that X‐ray peaks can be recognized. A common example of a derived spectrum is the summation spectrum, which is a linear array in which the summation of all pixels within each energy plane gives the intensity value for that channel. The summation spectrum is sensitive to the dominant features of the data cube. The maximum pixel spectrum is constructed by selecting the maximum pixel value within each X‐ray energy plane, ignoring the remaining pixels. Peaks corresponding to highly localized trace constituents or foreign contaminants, even those that are confined to one pixel of the image, can be seen at a glance when the maximum pixel spectrum is compared with the summation spectrum.
THE EFFECT OF IRON NUTRITION ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND NITROGEN FIXATION IN CULTURES OF TRICHODESMIUM (CYANOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Rueter John G. , Ohki Kaori , Fujita Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTCultures of Trichodesmium NIBB 1067 were grown in the synthetic medium AQUIL with a range of iron added from none to 5 × 10−7 M Fe for 15 days. Chlorophyll‐a, cell counts, and total cell volume were two or three times higher in medium with 10−7 M Fe than with no added Fe. Oxygen production rate per chlorophyll‐a was over 60% higher with higher iron. Increased iron stimulated photosynthesis at all irradiances from about 12–250 μE · m−2· s−1. Nitrogen fixation rate, estimated from acetylene reduction, for 10−7 and 10−8 M Fe cultures was approximately twice that of the cultures with no added Fe. The range of rates of O2 production and N2 fixation in cultures at the iron concentrations we used were similar to the rates from natural samples of Trichodesmium from both the Atlantic, and the Pacific oceans. This similarity may allow this clone to be used, with some caution, for future physiological ecology studies. This study demonstrates the importance of iron to photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation and suggests that Trichodesmium plays a central role in the biogeochemical cycles of iron, carbon and nitrogen.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS/PHOTON FLUX DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COMPONENTS OF CORAL REEF ALGAL TURFS1
Authors: Williams Susan L. , Carpenter Robert C. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTPhotosynthesis/photon flux density (PFD) relationships were compared among some of the major components of sparse algal turfs (green endoliths, red crusts, red filaments, Crouania, Sphacelaria)/ from Tague Bay forereef St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Algal turfs grazed by the sea urchin Diadema antillarum were 2–10 times more productive per unit chl a than when not grazed by sea urchins. The maximum rate of net photosynthesis (Pnetmax) and saturation PFDs, but not the slope of the light‐limited portion of the curve (α), differed significantly among the algal turf components examined. The hypothesis that increased biomass‐specific primary productivity results from shifts in algal community structure was not supported because the maximum difference in photosynthesis between algal components was only a factor of two, and the less productive components were relatively more abundant under grazing. In the understory, green endoliths exhibited higher α and lower Pnetmax, suggesting shade adaptation. Photon flux density measurements taken with a fiber optic microprobe within the algal turfs indicated that photosynthesis of basal portions of algal filaments and red crusts are light‐limited in ungrazed algal turfs. As self‐shading changes with grazer‐mediated canopy removal, algal sublayers will contribute differentially to whole turf primary productivity.
DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY IN PORPHYRIDIUM PURPUREUM (RHODOPHYTA) FOLLOWING NITROGEN STARVATION1,2
Authors: Levy Israel , Gantt Elisabeth 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe effects of nitrogen limitation on laboratory cultures of Porphyridium purpureum Bory, Drew and Ross were studied under continuous white light illumination (35 μE · m−2· s−1). Growth ceased, respiration exceeded photosynthesis, chlorophyll content was reduced by 80%, and phycoerythrin content was reduced by 99% over a period of 14 days under nitrogen limitation. Recovery upon addition of nitrogen resulted in increased phycobiliprotein content, appearance of phycobilisomes attached to the thylakoids, increased oxygen evolution, and increased fluorescence emission from photosystem 1 (720 nm) and photosystem 2 (685 nm) upon excitation by green light. Growth resumed after 72 h and was concomitant with an increase of chlorophyll, phycoerythrin and phycobilisomes per thylakoid area. The results suggest that photosystem 1 was less affected by nitrogen starvation than photosystem 2 and that the recovery was largely dependent on the restoration of phycobilisomes and other photosystem components.
SECRETION AND DEPLOYMENT OF BRISTLES IN MALLOMONAS SPLENDENS (SYNUROPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Beech Peter L. , Wetherbee Richard , Pickett‐Heaps Jeremy D. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT Mallomonas splendens (G. S. West) Playfair has a cell covering of siliceous scales and bristles. Interphase cells bear four anterior and four posterior bristles that each articulate, at their flexed basal ends via a complex of labile fibers (the fibrillar complex), on a specialized body scale (a base‐plate scale). Body scales, base‐plate scales and bristles are formed independently of each other and at different times in silica deposition vesicles (SDVs) that are associated with one of the two chloroplasts. The fine structure of scale and bristle morphogenesis in M. splendens agrees with that previously described for Synura and Mallomonas.Four new posterior bristles are formed at late interphase with their basal ends towards the cell posterior. The fibrillar complex is formed in situ on the bristle in the SDV. Mature bristles are secreted one by one onto the surface of the protoplast, beneath the layer of body scales, where the basal ends of the bristles adhere to the plasma membrane via the fibrillar complex. The extrusion of posterior bristles and their deployment onto the cell surface was monitored with video. A fine cellular protuberance accompanies the bristles as they are extruded from beneath the scale layer with their basal ends leading. When distant from the cell, the basal ends of the bristles appear attached to the protuberance, possibly by way of their fibrillar complexes. Once bristles are fully extruded, and their tips free in the surrounding environment, the bristle bases are drawn back to the posterior apex of the cell, apparently by the now shortening protuberance. Thus a 180° reorientation of the posterior bristles has been effected outside the cell. Thin‐sections of cells that are extruding bristles show a threadlike, cytoplasmic extension of the cell posterior which may be analogous to the protuberance seen in live cells. Four new posterior base‐plate scales are secreted after the bristles have reoriented. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that the fibrillar complex is involved in positioning the bristles onto their respective base‐plate scales. Anterior bristles are formed in new daughter cells in the same orientation as the posterior bristles; thus they are extruded tip first and no reorientation is required.
ROLE OF ALUMINUM AND GROWTH RATE ON CHANGES IN CELL SIZE AND SILICA CONTENT OF SILICA‐LIMITED POPULATIONS OF ASTERIONELLA RALFSII VAR. AMERICANA(BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Gensemer Robert W. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTChanges in cell size and silica content were examined in response to aluminum additions in cultures of the acidophilic diatom Asterionella ralfsii var. americana Körn at pH 6.0. The effects of Al were examined over a range of steady‐state growth rates using silica‐limited semicontinuous cultures (Si:P = 8.0). Additions of ≥ 2.8 μmol · L−1 total Al decreased mean cell length, total surface area, and biovolume up to 40–50%. The effects of Al were dependent on growth rate with the magnitude of size reduction increasing at higher growth rates. The proportion of small (approximately 15–20 μm) cell length classes increased relative to large (approximately 50 μm length) cell length classes when total Al exceeded 2.8 μmol · L−1, particularly at higher growth rates. The relationship between cell quota and steady‐state growth rate fit a Droop relationship at 0 and 2.8 μmol·L−1 total Al, but this fit was highly variable in the presence of Al. Cell quotas in the 6.22 μmol·L−1 total Al treatment were highest at low growth rates; therefore, a Droop relationship was an inappropriate descriptor of growth rate. Cells also became 30–40% more heavily silicified per unit surface area in the presence of Al and at growth rates ≥0.22 day−1. Although the mechanisms responsible for size reductions in response to Al additions are unclear, the relationship between metal concentration and frustule morphology may be useful as an indicator of Al loading to acidified lakes.
VISCOUS POLYSACCHARIDE AND STARCH SYNTHESIS IN RHODELLA RETICULATA (PORPHYRIDIALES, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Kroen William K. , Ramus J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT Rhodella reticulata Deason, Butler and Rhyne produces copious amounts of a viscous polysaccharide (VP) during growth in batch cultures. The VPs accumulated on the cell surface and in the culture medium once cells ceased growth; starch concurrently accumulated within the cells. Light‐saturated 14C‐uptake declined steadily as the cells aged. Net synthesis rates for starch and mucilage were two‐ and four‐fold lower, respectively, in non‐growing cells than in growing cells, while the relative partitioning of newly‐fixed carbon into these materials was not different. These data suggest that total photosynthetic loading, rather than partitioning into one specific pool, controls cellular synthesis rates. No preferential synthesis of VPs occurred during the stationary phase. The findings have important implications for the commercial production of VPs.
INFLUENCE OF IRRADIANCE ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON1
Authors: Thompson Peter A. , Harrison Paul J. , Whyte John N. C. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTEight species of marine phytoplankton commonly used in aquaculture were grown under a range of photon flux densities (PEDs) and analyzed for their fatty acid (FA) composition. Fatty and composition changed considerably at different PFDs although no consistent correlation between the relative proportion of a single FA and μ or chl a · cell−1 was apparent. Within an individual species the percentage of certain fatty acids covaried with PFDs, growth rate and/or chl a · cell−1. The light conditions which produced the greatest proportion of the essential fatty acids was species specific. Eicosapentaenoic acid. 20:5ω3 increased from 6.1% to 15.5% of the total fatty acids of Chaetoceros simplex Ostenfield grown at PFDs which decreased from 225 μE · m−2· s−1 to 6 μE · m−2· s−1, respectively. Most species had their greatest proportion of 20: 5ω3 at low levels of irradiance. Conversely, docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6ω3, decreased from 9.7% to 3.6% of the total fatty acids in Pavlova lutheri Droop as PFD decreased. The percentage of 22:6ω3 generally decreased with decreasing irradiances. In all diatoms the percentage of 16:0 was significantly correlated with PFD, and in three of five diatoms, with growth rate (μ). Results suggest that fatty acid composition is a highly dynamic component of cellular physiology, which responds significantly to variation in PFD.
DNA‐DNA REASSOCIATION STUDIES WITH DNA FROM PROCHLORON (PROCHLOROPHYTA) SAMPLES OF INDO‐WEST PACIFIC ORIGIN1
Authors: Halton Raymond W. , Stam Wytze T. , Boele‐Bos Stella A. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTSeven Indo‐West Pacific Prochloron Lewin samples and one Caribbean cyanobacterial sample were compared by DNA‐DNA reassociation experiments. The quality and quantity of extracted DNA were affected by several cell preservation methods and DNA extraction and purification procedures. We conclude that Prochloron samples from six different hosts and three different geographical locations spanning ca. 9000 km belong to a single species but are not closely related to the strain of cyanohacteria used. The intraspecific genotypic variation within Prochloron is discussed with respect to host specificity and geographical distribution.