bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassessment of the enigmatic “Prestosuchus” loricatus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Middle‐Late Triassic of southern Brazil
Authors: Desojo Julia B. , Rauhut Oliver W. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur knowledge of the diversity and evolution of South American Triassic pseudosuchians has greatly improved in the past 15 years, due to new discoveries, but also to the revision of several historically important specimens. One of the earliest descriptions of pseudosuchians from the Triassic of Brazil stems from the classic work of Huene from the first half of the 20th century, who described several species, including such influential taxa as Rauisuchus tiradentes or Prestosuchus chiniquensis, which have recently been reviewed. The more poorly known proposed second species of Prestosuchus, P. loricatus, is the focus of the present work. The original material included some elements of the axial skeleton (cervical and caudal vertebrae, ribs, osteoderms) and the hindlimb (ischia, calcaneum, metatarsus), collected from the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Chiniquá area, west of São Pedro do Sul. “Prestosuchus” loricatus shows numerous differences to P. chiniquensis, including the shape of cervical neural spines, presence of epipophyses on the cervical vertebrae, presence of a pit in the iliac articulation of the ischium, lack of longitudinal furrows in the dorsolateral surface of the ischial shafts, the more slender calcaneal tuber and a less pronounced ventral pit in the calcaneum, and is thus referred to a new genus, Schultzsuchus gen. nov. Phylogenetic analysis indicates an early branching position within Poposauroidea for Schultzsuchus, making it the oldest known member of this clade in South America.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Polyarteritis Nodosa: An International Study
Authors: Karadag Omer , Bolek Ertugrul Cagri , Ayan Gizem , Mohammad Aladdin J. , Grayson Peter C. , Pagnoux Christian , Martín‐Nares Eduardo , Monti Sara , Abe Yoshiyuki , Alberici Federico , Alibaz‐Oner Fatma , Cuthbertson David , Dagna Lorenzo , Direskeneli Haner , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry , Langford Carol A. , McAlear Carol A. , Monach Paul A. , Moroni Luca , Padoan Roberto , Seo Phillip , Warrington Kenneth J. , Hocevar Alojzija , Hinojosa‐Azaola Andrea , Furuta Shunsuke , Emmi Giacomo , Ozen Seza , Jayne David , Merkel Peter A. ,   for the GLOBAL‐PAN Collaborators
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveWe describe the demographics, clinical features, disease course, and survival of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) through an international collaboration (GLOBAL‐PAN).MethodsPatients with PAN were recruited between 1990 and 2020 from observational cohorts of nine countries across Europe, Japan, and North America. Eligibility was retrospectively defined using the European Medicines Agency classification algorithm. Patients with PAN related to hepatitis B virus (n = 12) and two monogenic diseases mimicking PAN, deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 enzyme (n = 16) or familial Mediterranean fever (n = 11), were excluded. Data regarding organ involvement, relapse, disease‐related damage, and survival were analyzed.ResultsThree hundred fifty‐eight patients (female:male ratio 174:184), including those with systemic PAN (sPAN, n = 282) and cutaneous PAN (n = 76), were included. Twenty‐five were pediatric onset. Mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 44.3 ± 18.1 years. Constitutional symptoms (71.5%), cutaneous involvement (70.5%), musculoskeletal findings (69.1%), and neurologic features (48.0%) were common manifestations. Among patients with sPAN, gastrointestinal involvement and proteinuria over 400 mg/day were reported in 52.2% and 11.2%, respectively. During a median (interquartile range) 59.6 (99.5) months of follow‐up, relapse occurred in 48.5% of patients. One, 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates for sPAN were 97.1%, 94.0%, and 89.0%, respectively. Predictors of death for sPAN included age ≥65 years at diagnosis, serum creatinine at diagnosis >140 μmol/L, gastrointestinal manifestations, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement.ConclusionThe spectrum of PAN remains a complex, multifaceted disease. Relapse is common. Age ≥65 years and serum creatinine >140 μmol/L at diagnosis, as well as gastrointestinal and CNS involvement, are independent predictors of death in sPAN.image
Macro and micro ethics in fetal and embryological collections: Exploring the paradigms of informed consent among Australian education‐focused stakeholders
Authors: El‐Haddad Joyce , Pather Nalini 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe management of human fetal and embryological collections presents an ethical challenge that can be explored from different perspectives, particularly when considering informed consent. The “micro ethics” level focuses on parties engaged in giving and receiving human tissue while the “macro ethics” level focusses on the collective responsibility of the discipline and society. Additionally, adopting a framework, where ways of working are designed with relevant communities, requires understanding the perspectives of individuals, communities, and organizations. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the perceptions of education‐focused Australian stakeholders. A survey collected the perspectives of 198 participants. The majority of participants (61.6%; n = 122/198) indicated that human fetal and embryological remains obtained prior to era of informed consent should be retained for use in education/research. It is likely that their perspective is based on the notion that if human fetal and embryological collections are used for good, then disposing of them would deny this benefit. Women (p < 0.001) indicated a preference for obtaining fetuses and embryos with informed consent for education and research (38.4%; n = 76/198). Majority were in favor of recording both maternal (MI) (59.6%; n = 118/198) and paternal information (PI) (58.1%; n = 115/198) with each donation. Majority (56.1%; n = 111/198) expressed that donations should be accepted from both parental sources. Consideration of stakeholder perspectives is important in developing guidelines regarding these collections. The results from this study demonstrate a level of discomfort with respect to collections without informed consent, which should be considered at the macro ethical and micro ethical level.
Immersive virtual reality and augmented reality in anatomy education: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: García‐Robles Paloma , Cortés‐Pérez Irene , Nieto‐Escámez Francisco Antonio , García‐López Héctor , Obrero‐Gaitán Esteban , Osuna‐Pérez María Catalina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to (1) analyze the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (iVR) and augmented reality (AR) as teaching/learning resources (collectively called XR‐technologies) for gaining anatomy knowledge compared to traditional approaches and (2) gauge students' perceptions of the usefulness of these technologies as learning tools. This meta‐analysis, previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023423017), followed PRISMA guidelines. A systematic bibliographical search, without time parameters, was conducted through four databases until June 2023. A meta‐analytic approach investigated knowledge gains and XR's usefulness for learning. Pooled effect sizes were estimated using Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A single‐group proportional meta‐analysis was conducted to quantify the percentage of students who considered XR devices useful for their learning. Twenty‐seven experimental studies, reporting data from 2199 health sciences students, were included for analysis. XR‐technologies yielded higher knowledge gains than traditional approaches (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.60), especially when used as supplemental/complementary learning resources (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.63). Specifically, knowledge performance using XR devices outperformed textbooks and atlases (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.54) and didactic lectures (SMD = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.42), especially among undergraduate students (SMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.62). XR devices were perceived to be more useful for learning than traditional approaches (SMD = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.04 to 1), and 80% of all students who used XR devices reported these devices as useful for learning anatomy. Learners using XR technologies demonstrated increased anatomy knowledge gains and considered these technologies useful for learning anatomy.
Finite time fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems based on cascaded observers
Authors: Liu Le , Xie Yinghao , Liu Renhe , Fang Yiming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a finite time fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control method is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems that have both actuator faults and sensor faults. First, the outputs of the original system pass through the low‐pass filters to obtain the augmented states, and then an augmented system is composed of the states of the low‐pass filters and the original system, so as to realize the conversion of the sensor faults of the original system into partial actuator faults of the augmented system. Next, design state observers to reconstruct the unknown states of the augmented system, and develop extended state observers to estimate the actuator faults and disturbance of the augmented system. Again, the fault‐tolerant controllers are completed based on the backstepping control and the finite time control, and the finite time convergences of the designed observers and controllers are proved by theoretical analyses. Finally, based on a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed system, the simulation research and dSPACE simulated experiment research are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method and its feasibility in the actual application.
Digitale Bauwerksdiagnose – ein Projekt zur digitalen Transformation
Authors: Fritsch Christina , Voigt Chris , Burkhardt Jörg , Arndt Ralf , Marx Steffen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBedingt durch traditionell analoge Arbeitsweisen und heterogene Dokumentationsformen können die Potenziale der Bauwerksdiagnostik für die Bestandsbewertung bisher nicht vollständig gehoben werden. Im Rahmen des zweijährigen Forschungsprojekts Digitale Bauwerksdiagnose wurden digitale Methoden und Hilfsmittel entwickelt, um die Prozessschritte der Datenerfassung, Datenauswertung und Datenverknüpfung mit Building Information Models (BIM) zu verbessern. Dabei entstanden ein Erfassungstool für die digitale Datenerfassung und strukturierte Datenablage, ein Auswertetool für die teilautomatisierte Datenaufbereitung und ‐auswertung sowie ein Visualisierungstool für die Darstellung von Untersuchungsergebnissen in BIM. Die entwickelten Tools verbessern einerseits die Arbeitsweisen, indem sie den Fachingenieuren repetitive, zeitaufwendige Arbeitsschritte abnehmen. Andererseits reduzieren sie die Fehleranfälligkeit und erhöhen die Qualität der bauwerksdiagnostischen Untersuchungsergebnisse. Insgesamt tragen die Projektergebnisse damit zum Anschluss der Bauwerksdiagnostik an die allgegenwärtige Digitalisierung im Bauwesen bei.
Transmission of behavioral and cognitive impairments across generations in rats subjected to prenatal valproic acid exposure
Authors: Taheri Farahnaz , Joushi Sara , Esmaeilpour Khadijeh , Ebrahimi Mohammad Navid , Taherizadeh Zahra , Taheri Parichehr , Sheibani Vahid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents an inheritable neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Numerous studies have underscored the significant roles played by genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of ASD, and these factors are known to perpetuate behavioral impairments across generations.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to assess the behavioral and cognitive attributes in the second filial (F2) generation of male and female rats, with a particular focus on those whose parents had been exposed to valproic acid (VPA) during embryonic development.MethodsIn this study, a cohort of 32 male and 32 female rats from the second filial (F2) generation, referred to as Mother.ASD, Father.ASD, or Both.ASD, was examined. These designations indicate whether the mother, father, or both parents had experienced embryonic exposure to valproic acid (600 mg/kg, i.p.). During adolescence, the F2 pups underwent behavioral and cognitive assessments, including open field testing, marble burying, social interaction evaluations, and Morris water maze tasks.ResultsOur data revealed that while both the Mother.ASD and Father.ASD groups, regardless of sex, exhibited elevated anxiety‐like behavior in the open field test. Only the Mother.ASD group displayed repetitive behaviors and deficits in social memory. Additionally, spatial memory impairments were observed in both sexes. These findings highlight the transmission of autistic‐like behaviors in the offspring of Mother.ASD rats from both sexes. Nevertheless, future research endeavors should be more targeted in identifying the specific genes responsible for this transmission.ConclusionIn summary, our findings underscore the transmission of autistic‐like behaviors, including anxiety‐like behavior, repetitive actions, impairments in social interactions, and deficits in memory, to the offspring of the Mother.ASD group, irrespective of their sex.
Zum 200. Geburtstag von Gustav Robert Kirchhoff: Vor 175 Jahren wurde die Plattentheorie vollendet
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887) erinnern fünf wichtige Errungenschaften der Physik des 19. Jahrhunderts:– Verzweigungsgesetze des elektrischen Stromes in zusammengesetzten Leitungssystemen (Knotenpunkt‐ und Maschensatz), 1845– Theorie der dünnen, elastischen Platte, 1850– Theorie des dünnen, elastischen Stabs mit großen Deformationen, 1859– Begründung der Spektroskopie mit Robert W. Bunsen (1811–1899), 1859– Strahlungsgesetz, 1859Hinzu kommt noch der Piola‐Kirchhoffsche Spannungstensor aus der Kontinuumsmechanik. Diese Aufzählung der von Kirchhoff in der Physik hinterlassenen Spuren könnte fortgesetzt werden. Neben der Biographie steht im Folgenden die Genese der für den Stahlbetonbau wichtigen Theorie der dünnen, elastischen Platte im Mittelpunkt.
A Review of Recent Progresses on Olive Oil Chemical Profiling, Extraction Technology, Shelf‐life, and Quality Control
Authors: Gagour Jamila , Hallouch Otmane , Asbbane Abderrahim , Bijla Laila , Laknifli Abdellatif , Lee Learn‐Han , Zengin Gokhan , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Sakar El Hassan , Gharby Said 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOlive oil (OO) is widely recognized as a main component in the Mediterranean diet owing to its unique chemical composition and associated health‐promoting properties. This review aimed at providing readers with recent results on OO physicochemical profiling, extraction technology, and quality parameters specified by regulations to ensure authentic products for consumers. Recent research progress on OO adulteration were outlined through a bibliometric analysis mapping using Vosviewer software. As revealed by bibliometric analysis, richness in terms of fatty acids, pigments, polar phenolic compounds, tocopherols, squalene, sterols, and triterpenic compounds justify OO health‐promoting properties and increasing demand on its global consumption. OO storage is a critical post‐processing operation that must be optimized to avoid oxidation. Owing to its great commercial value on markets, OO is a target to adulteration with other vegetable oils. In this context, different chemometric tools were developed to deal with this problem. To conclude, increasing demand and consumption of OO on the global market is justified by its unique composition. Challenges such as oxidation and adulteration stand out as the main issues affecting the OO market.
Exosome MiR‐21‐5p Upregulated by HIF‐1α Induces Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation to Promote Ectopic Bone Formation
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Bo , Song Chunhao , Jia Jun , Wang Yuanhao , Pang Kai , Wang Yitao , Chen Cong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeterotopic bone occurs after burns, trauma and major orthopedic surgery, which cannot be completely cured by current treatments. The development of new treatments requires more in‐depth research into the mechanism of HO. Available evidence suggests that miR‐21‐5p plays an important role in bone formation. However, its mechanism in traumatic HO is still unclear. First, we identified exosomes extracted from L6 cells using TEM observation of the structure and western blotting detection of the surface marker CD63. Regulation effect of HIF‐1α to miR‐21‐5p was confirmed by q‐PCR assay. Then we co‐cultured L6 cells with ASCs and performed alizarin red staining and ALP detection. Overexpression of miR‐21‐5p upregulated BMP4, p‐smad1/5/8, OCN and OPN, which suggests the BMP4‐smad signaling pathway may be involved in miR‐21‐5p regulation of osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. Finally in vivo experiments showed that miR‐21‐5p exosomes promoted ectopic formation in traumatized mice. This study confirms that HIF‐1α could modulate miR‐21‐5p exosomes to promote post‐traumatic ectopic bone formation by inducing ASCs cell differentiation. Our study reveals the mechanisms of miR‐21‐5p in ectopic ossification formation after trauma.
TiO2/Loofah–Halloysite Bio–Hybrid Composites as Efficient Systems for VOCs Removal
Authors: Patamia Vincenzo , Fiorenza Roberto , Zagni Chiara , Agustin‐Salazar Sarai , Scirè Salvatore , Floresta Giuseppe , Rescifina Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs), recognized as hazardous air contaminants, prompt the exploration of sustainable air purification methods. Solar photocatalytic oxidation emerges as a promising solution, utilizing semiconductor photocatalysts like titanium dioxide (TiO2). However, the raw material crisis necessitates reduced TiO2 usage, leading to investigations into TiO2 modification techniques. The study introduces a novel approach by employing natural fibers, specifically loofah sponge, as a TiO2 support. This method aims to maintain photocatalytic activity while minimizing TiO2 content. The article explores using halloysite, a natural clay mineral, as a supportive material, enhancing mechanical strength and adsorption properties. The resulting TiO2/loofah–halloysite composites are evaluated for their efficacy in gas‐phase photocatalytic oxidation of toluene and ethanol, chosen as representative VOCs. The conversion of toluene and ethanol on the composite was 88 % and 39 %, respectively, with high selectivity toward CO2. In addition to its high performance, the bio–composite was stable for several conversion cycles, keeping the conversion activity unchanged. The study contributes to developing green hybrid materials for VOC removal, showcasing potential applications across industries.
Two‐Part Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Taste Profile of Novel Belumosudil Oral Suspensions and Assess the Relative Bioavailability and Food Effect of the Selected Belumosudil Oral Suspension Compared With Oral Tablet Reference in Healthy Male Participants
Authors: Schueller Olivier , Regev Galit , Singh Nand , Willson Ashley , Beville Mark , Kanji Nazim , Lohmer Lauren , Patel Jeegar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBelumosudil is a selective rho‐associated coiled‐coil‐containing protein kinase 2 inhibitor in clinical use for the treatment of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. The current tablet formulation may be inappropriate for children or adults with dysphagia and/or upper gastrointestinal manifestations of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. This study (NCT04735822) assessed the taste and palatability of oral suspensions of belumosudil, evaluated the relative bioavailability of an oral suspension versus the tablet formulation, and characterized the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of an oral suspension. Addition of sweetener and/or flavor vehicle improved the taste. Relative bioavailability of 200‐mg doses of the oral suspension and tablet in the fed state was similar for belumosudil and its metabolites (KD025m1 and KD025m2), but absorption was faster with the oral suspension (median time to maximum concentration: 2 vs 3 hours). Administration of the oral suspension with food increased exposure compared with fasted administration, with maximum observed concentration being increased by 16% and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0‐last) by 19%. Safety and tolerability were consistent with the known safety profile of belumosudil. These results may support administration of a 200‐mg belumosudil oral suspension with or without food.
Mechanistic Insights into the Bacterial Luciferase‐based Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Luminescence: The Role of Protein Complex Dimer
Authors: Luo Yanling , Pi Shuangqi , Liu Ya‐Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBacterial bioluminescence holds significant potential in the realm of optical imaging due to the inherent advantages of bioluminescence and ease of operation. However, its practical utility is hindered by its low light intensity. The fusion of bacterial luciferase with a highly fluorescent protein has been demonstrated to significantly enhance autonomous luminescence. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism behind this enhancement remains unclear, and there is a dearth of research investigating the mechanistic aspects of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) luminescence, whether it occurs naturally or can be achieved through experimental means. In this study, we investigated the phenomenon of bacterial luciferase‐based BRET luminescence employing a range of computational techniques, including structural modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, as well as combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics calculations. The theoretical findings suggest that the BRET luminescence occurs through resonance energy transfer between the excited bioluminophore and the ground chromophore within the protein complex dimer. The proposed mechanism of the protein complex dimer offers a microscopic understanding of the intriguing BRET phenomenon and has the potential to inspire further practical applications in the field of optical imaging.
Mechanistic Analysis of Urea Electrooxidation Pathways: Key to Rational Catalyst Design
Authors: Medvedev Jury J. , Delva Nyhenflore H. , Klinkova Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUrea electrolysis is an emerging approach to treating urea‐enriched wastewater and an attractive alternative anodic process to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrochemical clean energy conversion and storage technologies (e. g., hydrogen production and CO2 electroreduction). While the thermodynamic potential for urea oxidation to dinitrogen is quite low compared to that of the OER, the catalysts reported to date require high overpotentials that far exceed those for the OER. Consequently, there is much room for improvement and rational catalyst design for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). At the same time, due to the urea molecule having a more complex structure than water, UOR can lead to the formation of various products beyond the commonly assumed N2 and CO2. This concept article will critically assess recent efforts of the research community to decipher the formation mechanisms of UOR products focusing on the systematic analysis of the reaction selectivity. This work aims to analyze the current state of the art and identify existing gaps, providing an outlook for the future design of UOR catalysts with superior activity and selectivity by applying the knowledge of the molecular transformation mechanisms.