bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated 3R Waste Processing Facility in Batan Indah as an Educational Waste Tourism Center
Authors: Adenia Irviananda , Safitri Ratna , Pandiangan Melania Lidwina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The management of waste has emerged as a pressing global concern due to its profound environmental and societal consequences. This paper presents the design proposal for an integrated waste processing facility, named Batan Indah, which serves as both a solution to waste management challenges and an educational center for waste awareness and education. The facility aims to exemplify the principles of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) while offering visitors an immersive learning experience. Architecturally, the facility blends harmoniously with its natural surroundings, showcasing a strong connection to the environment. Abundant natural lighting and ventilation minimize dependence on artificial energy sources. The design proposal for the integrated waste processing facility in Batan Indah presents an innovative approach to waste management, emphasizing its educational aspect. By combining sustainable architectural design, immersive learning experiences, and community engagement, the Batan Indah facility seeks to promote the principles of the 3R concept and inspire visitors to actively participate in waste reduction, reuse, and recycling initiatives.
Educational Board Game Design Based on Local Wisdom for Youth to Support Social Sustainability Learning
Authors: Mulyani Melita , Octavia Johanna Renny 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social sustainability is the process of creating sustainable, successful places to offer prosperity by understanding what people need from where they live and work. In the 17 goals of the SDGs, social sustainability is reflected in the goals of the pillars of social development which include the goals of (1) no poverty, (2) no hunger, (3) healthy and prosperous life, (4) quality education, (5) gender equality. Adolescents who are the next generation must also begin to know the principles related to social sustainability. Besides, it is proven that people who play board games can absorb and memorize material more effectively than conventional learning techniques. This research resulted an educational board game design that collaborates on local wisdom performances from West Java as an adaptation of the Pagelaran Yogyakarta board game to generate revenue for solve social problems. The results obtained from the testing were an increase in the post-test score to 83.33 from the initial pre-test value of 52.38 and the average final result of the questionnaire on sustainability awareness was 3.19 from the initial average of 2.56. This indicates an increase in sustainability awareness, especially regarding social sustainability for adolescents from moderate to high levels.
Enhancing West Java’s Horticultural Transportation: Design Thinking for Food Loss Reduction
Authors: Mulyadi Sandra Helenna , Sitompul Carles , Renny Octavia Johanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to reduce food loss during transportation from farmers to post harvester in West Java, Indonesia. Agriculture is one of the sectors that support the country's economy and horticultural commodities, especially vegetable and fruit products, are very susceptible to both damages caused by pests and post-harvest activities. The design thinking methodology is applied to reduce food loss for banana transportation from farmers to post-harvester, which include the cycle of activities of emphatize – define – ideate – prototype – test. A transportation handling is designed for transporting banana in an attempt to reduce food loss.
Where does Sir Thomas’s wealth come from?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Edward Said’s book Culture and Imperialism was well received in the United States, but provoked some badtempered responses in the United Kingdom (notably in the TLS). The reason for the bad temper, one might suspect, was that as the imperial power principally targeted in his book’s historical discussions there remained a legacy of colonists’ guilt in Britain. Particular exception was taken by British commentators to Said’s chapter ‘Jane Austen and Empire’, and its triumphant conclusion: ‘Yes, Austen belonged to a slave-owning society’ (p. 115). The central piece of evidence for a meaningful conjunction between the author of Mansfield Park and black men sweating under some sadistic overseer’s whip is Sir Thomas Bertram’s absence for the early stages of the novel in his estate in Antigua, during which period his unsupervised offspring put on a domestic production of Kotzebue’s scandalous (for the time) play, Lovers’ Vows. Fanny Price, the waif who has been brought as a penniless young dependant to Mansfield Park, strenuously declines to participate in this godless activity.
How much English blood (if any) does Waverley spill?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scott, in a much-quoted comment to his friend J. B. S. Morritt, expressed a low opinion of the hero of his first novel. Edward Waverley, the author of Waverley declared, was ‘a sneaking piece of imbecility’. One of the more extraordinary aspects of Waverley’s imbecility is that –– as far as one can make out from the account given in the narrative –– he wanders through the battlefields of the great 1745 Rebellion offering as little danger to his English foe as a dormouse in a tiger’s cage. Take, for instance, the highpoint in Chapter 24 of the second volume (‘The Conflict’), which describes the Battle of Prestonpans in which the Scottish forces (under whose flag Waverley now fights, although he is still technically an officer of the English crown) won a famous victory, suggesting that they might indeed overrun England and restore the Stuarts to the throne.
What is Hetty waiting for?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In their forthrightly entitled article, ‘Victorian Women and Menstruation’, Elaine and English Showalter note that:
Few taboos evoke as forceful and as universal a response as that surrounding menstruation. Even the redoubtable Marquis de Sade, who took a prurient delight in moldy feces and decapitated dogs, appears to have regarded menstruation with faint distaste . . . Small wonder that even Victorians as open-minded as Florence Nightingale and John Stuart Mill maintain an almost complete silence on the subject. (p. 83)
‘Unlike sexual activities’, the authors continue, ‘menstruation has no literary reflection, true or false.’ In the quarter of a century since the Showalters wrote their article critics have become very ingenious at uncovering the repressed consciousness of nineteenth-century fiction –– most aggressively in Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s polemic, ‘Jane Austen and the Masturbating Girl’. None the less, the menstruating woman has not been located and the Showalters’ claim about ‘no literary reflection’ would seem to hold up. There is, however, one exception. Not surprisingly, it is to be found in the toughest-minded of the mid-Victorian novelists, George Eliot.
The missing fortnight
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On its publication in three-volume form in August 1860 (after its triumphant nine-month serialization in All the Year Round) The Woman in White enjoyed a huge success, sparking off what today we would call a sales mania and a franchise boom. As Wilkie Collins’s biographer Kenneth Robinson records:
Nuel Davis, in his life of Collins, goes so far as to claim that ‘The Woman in White was probably the most popular novel written in England during the nineteenth century’. This is demonstrably untrue (Robert Elsmere and Trilby outsold Collins’s novel by many times), but it is quite likely that it was the best-seller of the decade.
Who is Alexander’s father?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The main element in Robert Louis Stevenson’s mind as he embarked on The Master of Ballantrae was the idea of an old Scottish family hedging its bets at the time of the 1745 Revolution by dispatching one son to serve with the Pretender while another son remained at home, a loyal servant of King George. Stevenson had an actual historical case in mind. It is, in the story, quite arbitrary which brother will join the rebels. The question is decided by the flip of coin, as are other crucial decisions in the Durie brothers’ careers. But what began as an eminently sensible hedging of bets returns as a curse which haunts and eventually destroys the House of Durrisdeer and Ballantrae.
What does Arabella Donn throw?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most readers will, if they have learned nothing else from Jude the Obscure, know how a pig of the nineteenth century was killed, dressed, and its carcass disposed of. ‘The pig-sticking and so forth’, as D. H. Lawrence dismissively calls it in his Study of Thomas Hardy, is uncomfortably prominent. Hardy’s proclaimed intention in Jude was to tell his story ‘without a mincing of words’. Where things porcine are concerned, his words are notably unminced. There are, however, some aspects of this strand in the novel which may elude the modern reader, and are perhaps designed by Hardy to be elusive. Take, for example, the irruption of Arabella into Jude’s life, with the ‘missile’:
What is Duncan Jopp’s crime?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Oedipal struggle between Archie Hermiston and his awesome, hanging-judge father reaches a crisis in Chapter 3 –– ‘In the Matter of the Hanging of Duncan Jopp.’ The chapter opens:
It chanced in the year 1813 that Archie strayed one day into the Judiciary Court. The macer made room for the son of the presiding judge. In the dock, the centre of men’s eyes, there stood a whey-coloured, misbegotten caitiff, Duncan Jopp, on trial for his life. His story, as it was raked out before him in that public scene, was one of disgrace and vice and cowardice, the very nakedness of crime; and the creature heard and it seemed at times as though he understood –– as if at times he forgot the horror of the place he stood in, and remembered the shame of what had brought him there. He kept his head bowed and his hands clutched upon the rail; his hair dropped in his eyes and at times he flung it back; and now he glanced about the audience in a sudden fellness of terror, and now looked in the face of his judge and gulped. There was pinned about his throat a piece of dingy flannel; and that it was perhaps that turned the scale in Archie’s mind between disgust and pity.
How old is Kim?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alan Sandison notes in his introduction to the World’s Classics edition of Kim that ‘As a physical being, Kim remains a rather shadowy figure’ (p. xvii). One of the shadowier aspects of Kipling’s young hero is his precise age during the first half of the narrative –– the period of his Indian liberty before he is (reluctantly) made a ‘Sahib’. The opening encounter finds Kim –– indistinguishable from Hindu lads of his age –– playing ‘King of the Castle’ astride the great gun Zam-Zammah (a symbol of the mastery of the Punjab, as Sandison points out). ‘King of the Castle’ is, of course, child’s play. The brief description which Kipling gives of the game suggests the players are very childish indeed: At this point, Kim has his first astonishing sight of the Lama, whose chela, or guide, he is to become.
Where does Fanny Hill keep her contraceptives?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I first read Fanny Hill (or, more properly, Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure) in the 1950s, when it was still a banned book. A friend loaned me a much-thumbed copy, vilely printed in Tangiers, and evidently smuggled in by a merchant sailor. Any bookseller handling Cleland’s ‘erotic masterpiece’ in 1955 would have faced prosecution. British schoolboys caught with the book might expect instant expulsion. Adults found in possession would probably receive a formal police warning and summary confiscation of the offending object (which, one guesses, would be eagerly pored over at the station). Fanny Hill was a much less exciting text after it –– along with Lady Chatterley’s Lover –– was ‘acquitted’ and became a legal high street commodity. It was elevated to classic status by Penguin in 1985 and by OUP as a World’s Classic in the same year. Doubtless some of the more adventurous Alevel boards will soon be prescribing Fanny Hill as a set text and the BBC will chip in with a ‘Book at Bedtime’ version.
Why ‘Captain’ Newton?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The names in Ralph the Heir are very confusing –– no less than four ‘Ralph Newtons’ figure in the plot, for instance. But the romantic story at the novel’s centre is straightforward enough. Ralph Newton (‘the heir’) is parentless and has been looked after by the lawyer Sir Thomas Underwood in the office of guardian. Underwood–– a superannuated widower –– has two daughters. Patience, the elder, is her father’s housekeeper and is ‘certainly not pretty’. The younger, Clarissa, is ‘a beauty’ and the family pet. Underwood also has another ward living in his Fulham villa, Mary Bonner, a surpassingly beautiful young orphan from the West Indies. Ralph opens proceedings by lightly proposing marriage to Clarissa (‘Dear, dear Clary, –– you know I love you’) during a summer’s day lounging by the Thames, dressed fetchingly in his straw hat and Jersey shirt. She tacitly accepts his offer. Clarissa, meanwhile, is loved faithfully by Ralph’s younger brother, Gregory, a dutiful clergyman.
How many siblings has Dobbin?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a late ‘Roundabout Paper’ Thackeray makes a charming mea culpa on the subject of his propensity to small narrative error:
It is uncivil of the reader to dwell upon these little slips. George Saintsbury, noting Thackeray’s tendency to misquote from memory, is even in two minds as to whether the conscientious editor should correct such errors. Saintsbury, in his authoritative ‘Oxford’ edition of the collected works, decided not to for the good reason that, as he says, Thackeray’s misquotations are usually improvements –– improvements, that is, on such sources as Horace, Shakespeare, or the Bible (Saintsbury had a high opinion of his author).
Thackeray’s slips of name or detail cannot be said to be improvements of this kind, but they often witness to the suppleness of his narrative and his serialist’s quick wits.
Heathcliff’s toothbrush
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Judged purely by his actions Heathcliff is a villain: a wifebeater; a child-abuser, a white-collar thief, and –– as I would maintain –– a murderer. The murder, moreover, is a peculiarly sordid and cold-blooded crime. None the less readers, even those who accept that he probably killed his foster-brother Hindley, persist in seeing Heathcliff as a heroic and tragic figure. There is no obvious clash when glamorous matinée idols like Laurence Olivier and Timothy Dalton, or paragons of showbiz Christianity like Cliff Richard, play him on film, television, or stage.
An explanation for this ‘sympathy for the devil’ paradox is to be found in a muttered ejaculation of Heathcliff’s, overheard by Nelly in the intensity of his grief and sexual frustration after Cathy’s death: ‘I have no pity! I have no pity! The [more the] worms writhe, the more I yearn to crush out their entrails! It is a moral teething, and I grind with greater energy, in proportion to the increase of pain’ (p. 152; my italics). The key to our sympathy for Heathcliff, I have suggested, is to be found in that arresting phrase, ‘moral teething’, and what it implies –– particularly to parents:
Is Betsey Trotwood a spinster?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Can Jane Eyre Be Happy? I referred in passing to Miss Trotwood, in David Copperfield, as a ‘spinster’. Donald Hawes writes to correct the error: ‘Of course she uses her maiden name and lives as a single woman (as we’re told in Chapter 1). But she was a married woman, in fact, who separated from her husband.’ Professor Hawes adds:
The second wife is indeed puzzling, as is the mis-titling of Miss (‘Mrs’) Trotwood by someone as close to Dickens in the planning of his fiction as Forster. Once pointed out, it is tempting to follow up the ‘Mrs Trotwood’ puzzle for what it reveals about Dickens’s use of peripheral detail, and his habit of keeping latent plots ‘in reserve’ (as I will argue).
How long is Alice in Wonderland for?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The above is a minor puzzle among those in the most puzzle-packed of Victorian narratives, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The story opens:
It is, we apprehend, gloriously high summer. The ‘hot day’, the daisies, and the dress in which Tenniel portrays the little girl confirm this seasonal dating. It would be logical to assume the setting in Carroll’s mind was 4 July 1862; the day, that is, when Charles Lutwidge Dodgson took Alice Liddell, and her sisters Lorina and Edith, on the boating trip on the Cherwell. On that day, as literary history records, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was conceived as an entertainment by the maths don for his young guests.
Elms, limes, or does it matter?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
George Eliot’s huge canvas in Middlemarch allows the author the opportunity for luxuriant scene painting. One location, central to the narrative, is described in loving detail–– Mr and Mrs Casaubon’s married home. Although –– as a beneficed clergyman –– he has the Lowick living, Edward Casaubon lets the rectory and lives in the nearby manor-house (inherited on the death of his elder brother). We are given an estate agent’s eye-view of Lowick Manor when Dorothea, a bride to be, calls to inspect her future home, on a ‘grey but dry November morning’, in Chapter 9:
It is not entirely clear to the mind’s eye, but it seems that a ha-ha has been banked up to hide the public thoroughfare from which one turns down the private avenue of limes to approach the manor house. As one looks out from the windows of the house, the road is invisible. For the person looking out of its windows the prospect gives the impression of a huge estate, rather than a modest country house surrounded by working farms.
Ten
Authors: Robinson Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Outside the station a square, a little garden in the middle, and in the middle of the garden a statue. Beyond, a broad avenue, a string of droshkies, a queue waiting beside a shelter. The sky blazes with stars. It is bitterly cold. The stars are like chips of ice. We make inquiries. The town is some distance from the station, some miles. There is a ‘bus. We stand in the queue for a little while that seems a long while. Our feet freeze. We stamp and shuffle, but it is no good. Our feet are like blocks of ice. Samarkand is an oasis; we are surrounded by desert. Why do none of the people who write romantically about desert nights mention the bitter cold that descends on the desert after sundown? We ask the patient, motionless, shawled figure in front how often the ‘buses run, if she has any idea when there will be a ‘bus. She regards us stolidly.
Japan And South-East Asia
Authors: Robinson Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the Anggrek III it was hellish dark and smelt of cheese. The air was thick, the sky pitch black with the stars obscured; all sight of land was obliterated and the tropical heat was fast giving way to a damp, clammy chill. Under a torn, flapping tarpaulin over the front of the Chinese steamer, the only light came from a thumb-sized bulb swinging on the end of a ragged flex and the occasional sparks as its naked wires hit a metal plate. The smell was overpowering; oil, rust, stale spiced food, rotting fish, damp canvas, the cloying odour of salt, stale vomit and old sandals. The crew were a motley collection of youths in tattered jeans, and old, almost hairless men with sagging bellies and tired eyes.
More time-dependent processes
Authors: Cruickshank Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We constructed a model for the steady state Pac2o that results from any CO2 production Vco2 and alveolar ventilation VA (1.3). This model described the level at which the Paco2 ‘settles down’ after any change, but did not attempt to predict how the system behaves in moving from one steady state to another. This is our next task, and we should discover that we have done most of the hard work already with the N2 washout/O2 wash-in example.
The one-compartment model
Authors: Cruickshank Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course of drug disposition. Pharmacokinetics is dependent upon model-building and these models tradition ally cause much anguish to students. Pharmacokinetic models are identical in principle to those we have been studying and the lessons we have learnt, for instance in modelling Paco2 or FAN2 changes with time, should make coping with these models quite straightforward.
Fourier analysis
Authors: Cruickshank Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have seen how a simple sinusoidal waveform arises from the modelling of a mass-spring system. Although this is cyclical, it does not otherwise much resemble the typical blood pressure waveform that we wish now to model. It is possible by the use of the technique of Fourier analysis to reproduce any repetitive waveform by a process of adding simple sinusoidal functions, and we shall use this technique to produce a replica of a typical arterial pressure wave. This process is simple in principle and in practice is carried out by computer. The underlying theory is, however, outside our scope and we shall adopt the usual graphical approach to demonstrate the process. This method is equally applicable to other cyclical phenomena—respiratory or ICP waveforms, for example.
Inverse functions
Authors: Cruickshank Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A simple but important concept is that of an inverse function, which ‘undoes’ the work of another function. If we think of a function as a sausage machine-we put in the raw material (input range value), and out of the machine (rule) comes the sausage (function value) —an inverse function takes the sausage and gives us back the raw material. This is perhaps most easily seen with the quadratic and square root functions. It is not easily seen with a sausage machine.
Exponential & logarithmic functions
Authors: Cruickshank Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The exponential function is of enormous importance in mathematical modelling. We have examined the properties of the polynomial functions y = a+ bx+ cx:2 + dx-1 + ... (2.7); where the variable x appears in various powers-that is, multiplied by itself a number of times. We fix the coefficients and powers for our function rule and see how the function value varies with varying x.
Maxima and minima
Authors: Cruickshank Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We often wish to know if a function has a maximum or a minimum value, and if so, where. Differentiation is the key to finding maxima and minima. To have a maximum value, the function must increase ( +ve gradient) and then decrease (-ve gradient) as x increases. To have a minimum value, the function must decrease (-ve gradient) and then increase ( +ve gradient) as x increases. In passing from +ve to -ve or vice versa, the gradient must be zero at the minimum or maximum point if the function is continuous. If we can determine where the gradient is zero, we have found a maximum or minimum