bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FD‐Net: An unsupervised deep forward‐distortion model for susceptibility artifact correction in EPI
Authors: Zaid Alkilani Abdallah , Çukur Tolga , Saritas Emine Ulku 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo introduce an unsupervised deep‐learning method for fast and effective correction of susceptibility artifacts in reversed phase‐encode (PE) image pairs acquired with echo planar imaging (EPI).MethodsRecent learning‐based correction approaches in EPI estimate a displacement field, unwarp the reversed‐PE image pair with the estimated field, and average the unwarped pair to yield a corrected image. Unsupervised learning in these unwarping‐based methods is commonly attained via a similarity constraint between the unwarped images in reversed‐PE directions, neglecting consistency to the acquired EPI images. This work introduces a novel unsupervised deep Forward‐Distortion Network (FD‐Net) that predicts both the susceptibility‐induced displacement field and the underlying anatomically correct image. Unlike previous methods, FD‐Net enforces the forward‐distortions of the correct image in both PE directions to be consistent with the acquired reversed‐PE image pair. FD‐Net further leverages a multiresolution architecture to maintain high local and global performance.ResultsFD‐Net performs competitively with a gold‐standard reference method (TOPUP) in image quality, while enabling a leap in computational efficiency. Furthermore, FD‐Net outperforms recent unwarping‐based methods for unsupervised correction in terms of both image and field quality.ConclusionThe unsupervised FD‐Net method introduces a deep forward‐distortion approach to enable fast, high‐fidelity correction of susceptibility artifacts in EPI by maintaining consistency to measured data. Therefore, it holds great promise for improving the anatomical accuracy of EPI imaging.
In vivo MRI of knee using a metasurface‐inspired wireless coil
Authors: Yi Yi , Chi Zhonghai , Wang Yakui , Wu Maopeng , Wang Lixue , Jiang Deqing , He Li , Qi Yingyi , Li Xinxin , Zhao Xihai , Meng Yonggang , Zhou Ji , Zhao Qian , Zheng Zhuozhao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the application of a metasurface‐inspired wireless coil and evaluate its performance in clinical knee MRI.MethodsA metasurface surface coil is designed for knee MRI at 1.5T. The image SNR and uniformity are assessed using a water phantom. In vivo studies are performed on 10 healthy volunteers (age range, 24–30 y; three males) and two patients (ages 31 and 76 y; two males) with knee conditions. A commercial 4‐channel flexible coil and a 12‐channel knee coil are used for comparison. The SNRs of different tissues on knee MRI images are evaluated and compared. The image quality is evaluated using a five‐point Likert scale.ResultsThe SNRs of the images acquired by the metasurface coil with spine coil as receiving coil are similar to the 12‐channel knee coil, whereas the uniformity from groups where the metasurface coil was used is higher than that acquired by conventional coils in phantom studies. For in vivo knee MRI, the SNRs of the images acquired by the metasurface coil with spine coil as receiving coil are between that of the 4‐ and 12‐channel phased‐array coils. The image quality scores evaluated by radiologists are higher when metasurface is used.ConclusionThe metasurface‐inspired wireless coil is applicable to clinical knee MRI. When used in conjunction with the spine coil, it provides a favorable SNR between that of the 4‐ and 12‐channel phased‐array coil at 1.5T MRI system. The metasurface coil improves image uniformity regardless of which coil is used as the receiving coil.
Real‐time water/fat imaging at 0.55T with spiral out‐in‐out‐in sampling
Authors: Tian Ye , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo develop an efficient and flexible water/fat separated real‐time MRI (RT‐MRI) method using spiral out‐in‐out‐in (OIOI) sampling and balanced SSFP (bSSFP) at 0.55T.MethodsA bSSFP sequence with golden‐angle spiral OIOI readout was developed, capturing three echoes to allow water/fat separation. A low‐latency reconstruction that combines all echoes was available for online visualization. An offline reconstruction provided water and fat RT‐MRI in two steps: (1) image reconstruction with spatiotemporally constrained reconstruction (STCR) and (2) water/fat separation with hierarchical iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (HIDEAL). In healthy volunteers, spiral OIOI was acquired in the wrist during a radial‐to‐ulnar deviation maneuver, in the heart without breath‐hold and cardiac gating, and in the lower abdomen during free‐breathing for visualizing small bowel motility.ResultsWe demonstrate successful water/fat separated RT‐MRI for all tested applications. In the wrist, resulting images provided clear depiction of ligament gaps and their interactions during the radial‐to‐ulnar deviation maneuver. In the heart, water/fat RT‐MRI depicted epicardial fat, provided improved delineation of epicardial coronary arteries, and provided high blood‐myocardial contrast for ventricular function assessment. In the abdomen, water‐only RT‐MRI captured small bowel mobility clearly with improved water‐fat contrast.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated a novel and flexible bSSFP spiral OIOI sequence at 0.55T that can provide water/fat separated RT‐MRI with a variety of application‐specific temporal resolution and spatial resolution requirements.
Recurrent and complicated urinary tract infections in women: Utility of advanced testing to enhance care
Authors: Gleicher Stephanie , Karram Mickey , Wein Alan J. , Dmochowski Roger R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe United States currently faces a public health crisis with regarding to antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, and new urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnostics are needed. Women with recurrent UTI (rUTI) and complicated UTI (cUTI) are at particular risk given their complexity and the paucity of adequate testing modalities. The standard urine culture (SUC) is the cornerstone for diagnosis, but it has many shortcomings. These pitfalls lead to dissatisfaction and frustration among women afflicted with rUTI and cUTI, as well as overuse of antibiotics. One innovation is PCR UTI testing, which has been shown to outperform SUC among symptomatic women.AimsThis article discusses UTI PCR testing, as well as a possible role in clinical practice.Materials and MethodsPublished literature was reviewed and summarized.ResultsManagement of rUTI and cUTI is complex, and providers should have all diagnostics available to facilitate providing optimal care. Urine PCR testing faces reimbursement issues despite fulfilling clinical indication parameters as described by insurance companies.DiscussionThe role of UTI PCR testing remains unclear. Reimbursement issues have led to underuse and limited real‐world outcomes reinforcing benefit.ConclusionThis study proposes an algorithm for PCR testing among women with rUTI and cUTI.
Health empowerment and health‐related quality of life in older individuals with disabilities and their spouse carers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Run , Xiao Xiuying , Tao Yanling , Luo Weixiang , Zhou Tao , Wu Yanni , Zhou Jungui , Yang Lingli , Zhang Mi , Lin Xiaolu , Chen Xuan , Wang Yiling , Zhou Chunlan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe stress of disability significantly impacts an individual's quality of life and that of a spouse. Health empowerment, based on the idea that individuals may be successful despite disability, may be meaningful to disabled persons and their spouse carers. This cross‐sectional survey study aimed to explore the effect of health empowerment on the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of older individuals with disabilities and their spouse carers on both a personal (actor effect) and interpersonal level (partner effect). A total of 1092 dyads of older individuals with disabilities and their spouse carers residing in communities were recruited from seven provinces in China. Two separate Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model analyses were conducted to examine the impact of health empowerment on the two domains of HRQOL: the Physical Component Score (PCS) and the Mental Component Score (MCS). The results revealed that health empowerment had actor effects on the PCS and MCS of older individuals with disabilities, as well as on the PCS and MCS of their spouse carers. However, no significant partner effects of health empowerment on the PCS and MCS of either the individuals with disabilities or their spouse caregivers were observed. Empowering individuals with disabilities and their spouse carers may help them enhance their own HRQOL, both physically and mentally. However, more research is required to determine the interpersonal effect of health empowerment on the HRQOL.
Heterogeneity in familial clustering of metabolic syndrome components in the multiethnic GENNID study
Authors: Wan Jia Y. , Goodman Deborah , Makhnoon Sukh , Norden‐Krichmar Trina M. , Wu Baolin , Edwards Karen L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by clustering of cardiometabolic components, which may be present in different combinations. The authors evaluated clustering in individuals and extended families within and across ancestry groups.MethodsThe prevalence of different combinations of MetS components (high fasting glucose, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, and abdominal obesity) was estimated in 1651 individuals (340 families) self‐reporting as European American (EA), Hispanic/Mexican American (MA), African American (AA), and Japanese American (JA). Odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations comparing individual MetS components, number, and combinations of components for each ancestry group versus EA.ResultsClustering of all five components (Combination #16) was more prevalent in EA (29.9%) and MA (25.2%) individuals than in AA (18.7%) and JA (15.5%) individuals. Compared with EA individuals, AA individuals were 64% and 66% less likely to have high triglycerides and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas JA individuals were 85% and 56% less likely to have abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, respectively. Compared with EA individuals, the odds of having two, four, or five components were at least 77% lower in JA individuals, whereas the odds of having three, four, or five components were at least 3.79 times greater in MA individuals.ConclusionsUnderstanding heterogeneity in MetS clustering may identify factors important in reducing health disparities.
Direct Detection of Viral Infections from Swab Samples by Probe‐Gated Silica Nanoparticle‐Based Lateral Flow Assay
Authors: Durdabak Dilara Buse , Dogan Soner , Tekol Serap Demir , Celik Caner , Ozalp Veli Cengiz , Tuna Bilge Guvenc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPoint‐of‐care diagnosis is crucial to control the spreading of viral infections. Here, universal‐modifiable probe‐gated silica nanoparticles (SNPs) based lateral flow assay (LFA) is developed in the interest of the rapid and early detection of viral infections. The most superior advantage of the rapid assay is its utility in detecting various sides of the virus directly from the human swab samples and its adaptability to detect various types of viruses. For this purpose, a high concentration of fluorescein and rhodamine B as a reporting material was loaded into SNPs with excellent loading capacity and measured using standard curve, 4.19 μmol ⋅ g−1 and 1.23 μmol ⋅ g−1, respectively. As a model organism, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (CoV‐2) infections were selected by targeting its nonstructural (NSP9, NSP12) and envelope (E) genes as target sites of the virus. We showed that NSP12‐gated SNPs‐based LFA significantly outperformed detection of viral infection in 15 minutes from 0.73 pg ⋅ mL−1 synthetic viral solution and with a dilution of 1 : 103 of unprocessed human samples with an increasing test line intensity compared to steady state (n=12). Compared to the RT‐qPCR method, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of NSP12‐gated SNPs were calculated as 100 %, 83 %, and 92 %, respectively. Finally, this modifiable nanoparticle system is a high‐performance sensing technique that could take advantage of upcoming point‐of‐care testing markets for viral infection detections.
A case of deletion 9p syndrome with soft and hard cleft palate
Authors: Takaoka Shohei , Yanagawa Toru , Uchida Fumihiko , Ishibashi‐Kanno Naomi , Yamagata Kenji , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeletion 9p syndrome is a rare structural chromosomal disorder. Various phenotypes of deletion 9p syndrome have been reported; however, cleft palate has not been reported in many cases.Case presentationWe report the case of a child with deletion 9p syndrome with soft and hard cleft palate, ventricular septal defect, broad and narrow forehead, long philtrum, highly arched eyebrows, binocular dissection, upward‐slanting palpebral fissures, low flat nose, and triangular cranium. Pushback palatoplasty was performed at the age of 1 year and 9 months.ConclusionThis report contributes to the accumulation of reports on the phenotype of deletion 9p syndrome.
Cellulose‐ and starch‐based functional materials for efficiently wastewater treatment
Authors: Bekchanov Davronbek , Mukhamediev Mukhtar , Eshtursunov Davron , Lieberzeit Peter , Su Xintai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study provides an overview of scientific developments made in the last decade in the field of green adsorbents focusing on the modifications in cellulose and starch and their applications such as drug delivery, wastewater treatment, and ion exchange. For this purpose, an introduction to the various methods of modifying cellulose and starch is first given, and then the properties, application, and future priorities of green adsorbents are also discussed. Methods of modification of cellulose and starch under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions using modifiers with different properties are also described. Various methods for modifying cellulose and starch and the use of the obtained green adsorbents are reviewed. A comparison of the sorption properties of green adsorbents based on cellulose and starch and other adsorbents used in industry has also been carried out. Future perspectives on green adsorbents based on cellulose and starch are as also highlighted.
Toward tailoring the mechanical and dielectric properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Nsengiyumva Walter , Zhong Shuncong , Chen Xiaofen , Makin Amir Mahmoud , Chen Linnan , Wu Lixin , Zheng Longhui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlass fiber‐reinforced polymer‐matrix (GFRP) composites are used to manufacture devices such as radomes, electrical insulators, and radar‐absorbing structures, many of which are used in applications with strict mechanical and dielectric property requirements. As such, designs and properties of GFRP composite materials should be regularly improved to guarantee their safe operation and meet their constantly evolving application requirements. In this study, glass fiber (GF) particles and epoxy resin 128 (EP‐128) were used to manufacture high‐performance EP/GF‐X composites with GF particle contents ranging from 5% to 40%. An investigation into their mechanical and dielectric properties revealed that EP/GF‐20 composite specimens presented the best mechanical performance with their bending strength and modulus reaching 159.68 MPa and 6521.92 MPa, respectively, and an average dielectric constant of 4.862 within the 10–105 Hz frequency range. A theoretical analysis of the EP/GF‐X composite specimens' dielectric constants using classic dielectric models based on the Lichtenecker, Bruggeman, Jaysundere‐Smith, and Maxwell‐Garnett rule‐of‐mixture equations indicated that the dielectric model based on the Bruggeman rule‐of‐mixture equation provided the dielectric constants closest to the measured values with a maximum deviation of less than −0.321% for EP/GF‐40 composites. This study provides a feasible strategy to control the mechanical and dielectric properties of GFRP composites.Highlights
Glass fiber (GF) particles and epoxy 128 (EP‐128) resin were used to manufacture high‐performance glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy (EP/GF‐X) composites.
The composite manufacturing process was carefully controlled to ensure uniform distribution and orientation of GF particles in the EP‐128 resin.
The mechanical and dielectric properties of the manufactured EP/GF‐X composites were effectively tailored by controlling the content and distribution of GF particles in the EP‐128 resin matrix.
The dielectric constants of the EP/GF‐X composites were measured experimentally and predicted using various theoretical dielectric models.
The Bruggeman model provided the dielectric constants of the EP/GF‐X composites closest to the measured values.
Fabrication and characterization of graphene‐loaded recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) electrospun composite nanofibrous mats with improved thermal conductivity
Authors: Kalaoglu‐Altan Ozlem Ipek , Karagüzel Kayaoğlu Burçak , Trabzon Levent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, graphene‐loaded electrospun recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) nanofibrous mats were produced and characterized morphologically, spectrally, mechanically and thermally. Particularly, the effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multilayer graphene (GML) in improving the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation abilities of rPET‐based composite nanofibers were investigated. The morphological analyzes pointed out that 1% graphene loading led to smooth nanofibers while 5 and 10% of GNP‐loading resulted in coarser nanofibers with rougher surfaces and agglomerations. The differential scanning calorimetry results pointed out that the crystallization temperature increased with increasing graphene content as a result of the pronounced nucleation effect. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated an improvement in the thermal stability of the composite nanofibers. The thermal conductivity coefficients increased to 25.422 W/mK‐35.842 W/mK for rPET/GNP nanofibers and up to 62.669 W/mK for rPET/GML nanofibers, compared to that of 12.753 W/mK for neat rPET nanofibers which correspond to an increase between 99 and 391%. Heat dissipation capability of the graphene‐loaded composite nanofibers was illustrated with infrared thermography data, displaying an increase in the average surface temperature of the nanofibrous mats between 2 and 19°C at 30 s of heating. The results suggest the use of the graphene‐loaded rPET composite nanofibers as textile materials for thermoregulating applications.Highlights
Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/graphene composite nanofibers are electrospun.
Thermal conductivity of graphene‐loaded nanofibers increases by up to 391%.
Graphene loading in nanofibers leads to faster and more uniform heat dissipation.
Mechanical properties of composite nanofibers improve.
Value‐added recycled polyester materials for thermal management are foreseen.
Influence of various damage mechanisms on the low‐velocity impact response of composite laminates
Authors: Zou Xionghui , Gao Weicheng , Xi Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study exhibits the effect of different damage mechanisms on the mechanical behavior of composite laminates subjected to low‐velocity impact load. To achieve this, seven low‐velocity impact energies were applied to laminates with five different thicknesses and four unique stacking sequences. The extent of damage was quantitatively evaluated through contact measurements and ultrasonic C‐scan techniques. Numerical simulations, showing good agreement with experimental results, characterized the distribution and evolution of damage within the laminates. The findings reveal that when matrix and delamination damage are predominant, the dent depth increases slowly and is visually invisible, while the delamination area expands almost linearly. Conversely, When fiber damage prevails, the laminate absorbs more energy, leading to rapid increases in dent depth, the appearance of visible cracks, and the occurrence of sharp fluctuations with multiple peaks in contact force and displacement curves. Nonetheless, the delamination area and projection tend to be stable and unchanged. Furthermore, alterations in thickness and stacking sequence directly affect the damage characteristics and energy absorption properties. This research offers valuable theoretical insights and serves as a reference for enhancing the comprehension of the failure mechanism of laminates and optimizing their performance.Highlights
Demonstrate the utility of dent depth in identifying changes in damage mechanisms.
Evaluate the delamination damage of laminates after impacts by ultrasonic C‐scan techniques.
Reveal the regulation of impact response parameters for different damage mechanisms.
Investigate the effect of variation in thickness on damage characteristics and energy absorption.
Evaluate the impact resistance of laminates with different stacking sequences.
Multi‐physical honeycomb metastructure fabricated by fused deposition modeling with broadband radar absorption and mechanical resistance for drones
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhao Pengzhen , Lu Qin , Zhang Yuhui , Lei Han , Yu Chen , Huang Yixing , Yu Jijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComplex structural configuration design is necessary for dielectric‐magnetic lossy composites to achieved broadband microwave absorption in civil and defense applications. Based on the unique space filling characteristic of fractal structure, the honeycomb metastructure can possess microwave absorption and mechanical resistance. However, traditional molding technique was difficult to realize complex shape of metastructure. Herein, the dielectric‐magnetic filament with different concentration of carbonyl iron particles was fabricated by high‐temperature extrusion process. The multi‐physical honeycomb metastructure with gradient layers was printed by fused deposition modeling (FDM) in a large size. The printed dielectric‐magnetic samples exhibited strong dielectric‐magnetic loss with high printing quality. The honeycomb metastructure achieved broadband microwave absorption in the −10 dB bandwidth of 9.6–18 GHz with tensile strength of 31 MPa. The results indicate that FDM is useful to fabricate metastructure with complex shape for broadband microwave absorption. The dielectric‐magnetic properties of filament are magnified by metastructure design. The proposed design‐fabrication process is promising for functional structure realization with complex shape in the future.Highlights1. Magnetic filament was fabricated for functional 3D printing.2. Structural magnetic dissipation mechanism for microwave was presented.3. Magnetic metastructure was designed and printed for broadband absorption.4. Integrated design of mechanical and electromagnetic function was presented.5. Structural absorption effect of honeycomb metastructure was revealed.