bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Purge Flow Density Ratio on the Rim Sealing Effectiveness in Hot Gas Ingestion Measurements
Authors: Orsini L. , Picchi A. , Facchini B. , Bonini A. , Innocenti L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rim seals of gas turbines are used to control the ingestion of hot mainstream gas into the wheel space between the rotor disk and the stationary casing. Sealing air, which is generally used to pressurize the cavity space, flows through the seal clearance and then mixes with the flow path in the annulus. Predicting the correct quantity of purge flow necessary to prevent excessive ingestion of hot gases while, at the same time, minimizing the penalties in terms of engine efficiency and stage aerodynamics represents a great challenge for the designers and a crucial point for the design of reliable engines. Such estimate is governed by unsteady phenomena, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches are still expensive and time consuming, especially if 3D domains and unsteady conditions have to be simulated. Fundamental test cases, replicating actual engines geometries, are still a valid approach to calibrate correlations or simplified models such as the so-called orifice model. However, most of the experimental studies deal with test rigs at room temperature and do not take into account the effect of the density ratio (DR) between purge and main flows. To fill this gap, the present article reports the impact of the density ratio on the rim sealing effectiveness by performing a nonintrusive diagnostic based on the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique on both the stator side and the rotor side. The analysis was performed on a cold rotating cavity rig, developed for the study of hot gas ingestion, where two different values of density ratios were tested by using N2 (DR = 1) and CO2 (DR = 1.52) as purge flow. The data extracted from the PSP seal effectiveness maps allowed to calibrate the orifice model for the stator side and to fit the coefficients of the buffer ratio model for the rotor surface at different flow conditions where the externally induced ingress is the dominant mechanism for gas ingestion. The results highlighted the impact of the DR on the seal effectiveness and on the low-order models considered for the data analysis. In the end, it is shown that the obtained results can be used to scale experimental data, generally collected at DR close to one, toward more representative engine values where the difference between the density of purge and main flows cannot be neglected.
A Machine Learning–Based Tire Life Prediction Framework for Increasing Life of Commercial Vehicle Tires
Authors: Karkaria Vispi , Chen Jie , Siuta Chase , Lim Damien , Radulescu Robert , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the commercial freight industry, tire retreading decisions are often conservative due to limited knowledge of a tire’s remaining service life. This practice leads to increased costs and material waste. This paper proposes a machine learning–based approach for estimating tire casing life and retreadability, focusing on usage data rather than wear information. This approach could extend the tire’s lifespan and reduce landfill waste. Data integration from diverse tire casing measurement sources presents challenges, including imbalanced removal data. Our methodology addresses these challenges by using historical inspection, telematics, and finite element modeling (FEM) datasets. We introduce “Tire Casing Energy” as a comprehensive usage input and apply a Variance-Reduction Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (VR-SMOTE) for data imbalance rectification. A random forest model is used to estimate the state of the tire casing and the casing removal probability, with Bayesian optimization applied for hyperparameter tuning, enhancing model accuracy. The proposed prediction framework is able to differentiate different truck fleets and tire locations based on their usage parameters. With the aid of this machine learning model, the importance and sensitivity of different tire usage parameters can be obtained, which is beneficial to maximize tire life.
Deep Neural Networks in Natural Language Processing for Classifying Requirements by Origin and Functionality: An Application of BERT in System Requirements
Authors: Mullis Jesse , Chen Cheng , Morkos Beshoy , Ferguson Scott 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven the foundational role of system requirements in design projects, designers can benefit from classifying, comparing, and observing connections between requirements. Manually undertaking these processes, however, can be laborious and time-consuming. Previous studies have employed Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), a state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) deep neural network model, to automatically analyze written requirements. Yet, it remains unclear whether BERT can sufficiently capture the nuances that differentiate requirements between and within design documents. This work evaluates BERT’s performance on two requirement classification tasks (one inter- document and one intra-document) executed on a corpus of 1,303 requirements sourced from five system design projects. First, in the “parent document classification” task, a BERT model is fine-tuned to classify requirements according to their originating project. A separate BERT model is then fine-tuned on a “functional classification” task where each requirement is classified as either functional or nonfunctional. Our results also include a comparison with a baseline model, Word2Vec, and demonstrate that our model achieves higher classification accuracy. When evaluated on test sets, the former model receives a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.95, while the latter receives an MCC of 0.82, indicating BERT’s ability to reliably distinguish requirements. This work then explores the application of BERT’s representations, known as embeddings, to identify similar requirements and predict requirement change.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of SPR206 in subjects with varying degrees of renal impairment
Authors: Bruss Jon B. , Bader Justin , Hamed Kamal A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

SPR206 is a novel polymyxin derivative with potent
in vitro
activity against susceptible and multidrug-resistant strains of
Acinetobacter baumannii
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Escherichia coli
, and
Enterobacter
species. SPR206 is eliminated renally. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of SPR206 were evaluated in healthy subjects with normal renal function (Cohort 1) and subjects with varying degrees of renal impairment (RI) (Cohorts 2–4) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) (Cohort 5). Subjects in Cohorts 1–4 received a 100-mg intravenous (IV) dose of SPR206. Subjects in Cohort 5 received a 100-mg IV dose within 2 h after HD on day 1 and 1 h before HD on day 5. Safety and PK analyses included 37 subjects. Mostly mild but no serious treatment-related adverse events were reported. Systemic exposure to SPR206 increased as renal function decreased, with mean area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC
0–last
) values 39% to 239% greater in subjects with RI vs healthy subjects. Mean plasma clearance (CL) of SPR206 decreased with decreasing renal function (29% to 76% lower vs healthy subjects). In subjects with ESRD, AUC
0–last
decreased by 51%, and CL increased by 92% for dialyzed vs nondialyzed conditions. SPR206 was excreted in urine within 12 h in healthy subjects and subjects with mild RI (Cohort 2) but was prolonged in those with moderate and severe RI (Cohorts 3 and 4, respectively). In summary, SPR206 was generally safe and well tolerated, and the PK of SPR206 was well characterized in subjects with RI.
Protection against
Eimeria intestinalis
infection in rabbits immunized with the recombinant elongation factors EF1α and EFG
Authors: He Wei , Hao Ge , Xiong Changming , Xiao Jie , Pu Jiayan , Chen Hao , Xu Liwen , Zhu Yuhua , Yang Guangyou 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Eimeria intestinalis
is the most pathogenic species of rabbit coccidiosis, causing weight loss, diarrhea, and even acute death. The currently used anticoccidial drugs against
E. intestinalis
in rabbits are associated with drug resistance and residues. Immunological control might be a potential alternative. We cloned and expressed the
E. intestinalis
recombinant EF1α and EFG (r
Ei
-EF1α and r
Ei
-EFG, respectively). Rabbits were immunized subcutaneously every 14 days with 100 µg of r
Ei
-EF1α and r
Ei
-EFG and followed by 5 × 10
4
E. intestinalis
sporulated oocysts orally challenge. Serum samples were collected every 7 days to measure the levels of specific antibodies and cytokines. On post-challenge day 14, rabbits were sacrificed and the anticoccidial index was evaluated. The rabbits of PBS challenged groups exhibited anorexia, diarrhea, marked intestinal wall thickening, and white nodules that formed patches, while rabbits from the r
Ei
-EF1α or r
Ei
-EFG challenged group exhibited milder symptoms. The r
Ei
-EF1α group showed a 75.18% oocyst reduction and 89.01%wt gain; the r
Ei
-EFG group had a 60.58% oocyst reduction and 56.04%wt gain. After vaccination, specific IgG levels increased and stayed high (
P
< 0.05). The IL-4 and IL-2 levels of r
Ei
-EF1α immunized groups showed a significant increase after immunization (
P
< 0.05). Both r
Ei
-EF1α and r
Ei
-EFG could induce humoral and cellular immune responses. In contrast, rabbits immunized with r
Ei
-EF1α were better protected from challenge by
E. intestinalis
than r
Ei
-EFG.
Draft genome sequence of
Paenibacillus
sp. strain RC67, an isolate from a long-term forest soil warming experiment in Petersham, Massachusetts
Authors: Tran Wyatt C. , Sullivan Brendan , Kitzmiller Claire E. , Choudoir Mallory , Simoes Rachel , Dayarathne Nipuni , DeAngelis Kristen M. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus
sp. strain RC67 was isolated from the Harvard Forest long-term soil warming experiment. The assembled genome is a single contig with 7,963,753 bp and 99.4% completion. Genome annotation suggests that the isolate is of a novel bacterial species.
What impact did the COVID-19 pandemic have on the variability of fentanyl concentrations in the Vancouver, Canada illicit drug supply? An interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Tobias Samuel , Grant Cameron J , Laing Richard , Lysyshyn Mark , Buxton Jane A , Tupper Kenneth W , Wood Evan , Ti Lianping 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundIncreases in fatal overdoses were observed coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic across the USA and Canada. Hypothesised explanations include pandemic-attributable healthcare service disruption, social isolation and illicit drug market disruption. Using data from a community drug checking service, this study sought to evaluate how COVID-19 pandemic measures affected the variability in fentanyl concentrations within the local illicit drug market.MethodsUsing a validated quantification model for fentanyl, Fourier-transform infrared spectra from fentanyl-positive drug checking samples in Vancouver, Canada were analysed to determine fentanyl concentration. An interrupted time-series analysis using an ordinary least squares model with autoregressive adjusted SEs was conducted to measure how the variance in monthly fentanyl concentrations changed following the declaration of the COVID-19 public health emergency in March 2020.ResultsOver the study period, 4713 fentanyl-positive samples were available for analysis. Monthly variance of fentanyl concentrations ranged from 7.9% in December 2017 to 159.2% in September 2020. An interrupted time-series analysis of variance in fentanyl concentrations increased significantly following the declaration of the COVID-19 public health emergency, with an immediate level change of 26.1 (95% CI 7.2 to 45.0, p=0.011) and a slope change of 15.8 (95% CI 10.2 to 21.4, p<0.001).ConclusionThough community drug checking samples may not be generalisable to the wider illicit drug market, our study found that variance in fentanyl concentrations increased significantly following the declaration of the COVID-19 public health emergency. While it remains unclear whether the observed increase in the variability of fentanyl concentration in illicit opioids was a direct result of COVID-19 and related measures, the volatility of fentanyl concentrations is likely to have posed significant risk to people who used drugs in this setting.
Two Approaches toward Convening the Sanhedrin and Resuming Semikha in the Modern Era
Authors: Atia Ronel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Rabbi Aharon Mendel HaKohen indefatigably promoted a program of reconvening the Sanhedrin and resuming semikha – the historical form of rabbinical ordination that entailed “laying of hands.” Holding a rabbinical post in Cairo, he observed a diminishing status of the community rabbi, caused, he thought, by the growing Zionist idea. To restore rabbinic power, he wished to establish an association of rabbis that would serve as a Jewish authority for the election of the Sanhedrin and the resumption of semikha. By examining Rabbi Mendel’s view, along with those of other rabbis of his age, including Rabbi Mordechai HaKohen and Rabbi Eliyahu Bechor Chazan, this article provides an important perspective on a central issue of the period of the emergence and growth of Zionist ideology.
Regulating the Fairness of Work Contracts in the Gig Economy
Authors: Stewart Andrew , Williams Penny 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe growth of the ‘gig economy’ has prompted debate about the regulation of arrangements to obtain work and income through digital labour platforms. For platform workers who are classified as freelancers or independent contractors, rather than as employees, one possibility is to invoke general laws on the fairness of contractual terms to challenge the inclusion of harsh or one-sided provisions in the contracts of adhesion typically drafted and imposed by digital platforms. To test the potential application of one such regime, in pt 2-3 of the Australian Consumer Law (‘ACL’), we systematically analyse the terms and conditions used by various platforms intermediating work performed in Australia, within and across different industry sectors. Our analysis uncovers many examples of terms that are designated in s 25 of the ACL as potentially unfair or that have been identified as potentially problematic by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (‘ACCC’). We also examine the practical difficulties confronting a worker seeking to challenge the fairness of their contract terms, against the background of recent reforms to enhance the efficacy of this regime.
MicroRNA-22-3p alleviates atherosclerosis by mediating macrophage M2 polarization as well as inhibiting NLRP3 activation
Authors: Bian Xiaoyan , Peng Haoyang , Wang Yin , Guo Hongjiang , Shi Gaofeng 
Published: October 2023

Objective MicroRNA (miR)-22-3p is expressed in atherosclerosis (AS), but its function and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the effects of miR-22-3p in AS were assessed in this study. Methods MiR-22-3p expression was assessed in AS, and miR-22-3p target genes were predicted using sequencing transcriptomics. The effect of miR-22-3p agomir on atherosclerotic lesions in an AS mouse model were determined by Oil red O, Masson’s, and sirius red staining, and by anti-smooth muscle actin and macrophage antigen-3 immunostaining. Gene expression in AS was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence. Results MiR-22-3p was expressed in AS and control samples (32.5% and 33.9% levels, respectively, relative to total miRNA among six highly expressed miRNAs). In the mouse model of AS, miR-22-3p agomir significantly reduced lipid deposition, proliferation of aortic collagen fibres, and macrophage content. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α levels were significantly reduced, and levels of arginase 1 and CD206 were significantly enhanced. MiR-22-3p was found to target janus kinase 1( JAK1), and significantly inhibited the activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and JAK1 in mice. Conclusions MiR-22-3p appears to reduce the inflammatory response in AS, which might be achieved by inducing the M2 macrophage phenotype and suppressing NLRP3 activation via JAK1.
Adoptions of reference management software among the research scholars of India
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Mahawar KL , Singh Varsha 
Published: October 2023

Background: There were only a few reference management softwares accessible in the 1980s, but presently there are more than 30 reference management softwares available to consumers. Reference management software is an extremely important tool for researchers; it gives error-free references and allows users to move from one referencing style to another in a matter of seconds, such as APA to MLA, MLA to Chicago, and many more. Import, export, highlight, cooperate with others, establish your own library, and so on are all vital functions of reference management software. It also helps us save time. Purpose: The study's purpose was to determine how frequently reference management software is recognized and used in India's central universities. Research Design: The survey method and questionnaire were used to collect data from research scholars at central universities in India. Study Sample: The researchers chose 18 central universities in India, which are offering Ph.D. course in Library and Information Science. Data Collection: 264 out of 347 responses received from respondents. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the respondents are aware of reference management software in central universities in India, and hypothesis 1 also proved that library and information science research scholars are aware of reference management software in central universities in India. Suggestion: The study strongly supports the necessity for a training program for the correct use of reference management technologies.
Improving the Procedure of Delivering Serious News: Impact of a Six-Month Curriculum for Second Year Pediatric Residents
Authors: Kube Paige , Levy Carly , Diaz Maria Carmen G. , Dickerman Mindy 
Published: October 2023

Objective: We implemented and studied a novel curriculum that combined role play, didactic education, and the use of a procedure card for asynchronous learning to improve second-year pediatric residents’ skills in delivering serious news. Design: Phase 1 established baseline performance with a self-efficacy survey and observed simulation delivering serious news. Phase 2 included directed education of participants with a validated communication skills training framework. During Phase 3, participants were instructed to review the communication procedure card as a just-in-time reference prior to delivering serious news to patients and their families over 6 months. Following this period, participants completed a second self-efficacy survey and engaged in another observed simulation session delivering serious news. Pre and post intervention performance and self-efficacy were compared. Results: A total of 21 out of 26 (81%) participants completed all phases of this study. Participants had a statistically significant increase ( p < .001) in self-efficacy scores post-intervention compared to pre-intervention for each of the skills to effectively deliver serious news: assess understanding, communicate news clearly, allow for silence, respond to emotion, and equip for next steps. Additionally, investigator assessments of participants showed an overall statistically significant improvement ( p < .001) in all five communication skills post intervention compared to pre intervention. Conclusions: This curriculum resulted in significantly improved self-efficacy and observed ratings of communication skills in second-year pediatric residents over a 6-month period.
Appropriateness of proton pump inhibitor therapy in an ambulatory geriatrics clinic: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Dixon Ryan , Bolt Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

Background: Proton pump inhibitors are considered potentially inappropriate medications in the geriatric population. The use of proton pump inhibitors by older adults has increased over the past several decades; however, existing literature suggests that only one-third of patients prescribed these medications have a valid indication for use. The aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of proton pump inhibitor therapy in a population of ambulatory geriatric patients and to determine the impact of an interdisciplinary clinic on their use. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients referred to an ambulatory geriatrics clinic between October 2017 and March 2021. Participants were eligible for inclusion if they were taking a proton pump inhibitor at the time of clinic admission. Appropriateness of proton pump inhibitor therapy was assessed based on indication and dosing regimen. Results: In total, 280 participants were included. The mean age was 79.6 years (SD 7.7) and 60% were female. Overall, 94 of 280 (33.6%) participants had a documented valid indication for their proton pump inhibitor. The clinic team intervened to reduce the dose or discontinue 76 of 186 (40.8%) inappropriate proton pump inhibitors. Interpretation: Only one-third of proton pump inhibitors used by ambulatory geriatric patients have a documented appropriate indication for use. Given the medical complexity of this population and their vulnerability to adverse effects, the ambulatory geriatric population should be a priority target for proton pump inhibitor deprescribing initiatives.
Effect of Patient Age on Clinical and Radiological Outcomes After Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Comparative Study With 344 Knees
Authors: Yabuuchi Koji , Kondo Eiji , Kaibara Takuma , Onodera Jun , Iwasaki Koji , Matsuoka Masatake , Onodera Tomohiro , Iwasaki Norimasa , Yagi Tomonori , Yasuda Kazunori 
Published: October 2023

Background: There exists some controversy regarding whether patient age is a predictive factor for outcomes after high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether patient age affects clinical and radiological outcomes after medial open-wedge HTO (OWHTO) in a large population with a wider age range than previous studies. It was hypothesized that there would be no differences in outcomes when compared across age-groups. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted using 344 patients (303 knees) who underwent OWHTO from 2009 to 2018. These patients were divided into 3 groups based on age at the time of surgery: ≥55 years (group Y: 76 knees in 57 patients), 56 to 64 years (group M: 129 knees in 120 patients), and ≤65 years (group O: 139 knees in 126 patients). Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed immediately before surgery and at the final follow-up period, at a mean of 5.1 years (range, 3-11 years). Comparisons among the 3 groups were conducted with 1-way analysis of variance for continuous variables. When a significant result was obtained, a post hoc test with Bonferroni correction was conducted for multiple comparisons. Results: In clinical evaluations, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups either preoperatively or postoperatively concerning the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, the Lysholm score, or the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), with the exception of the preoperative KOOS Symptoms subscale, which was significantly higher in group Y versus group O (48.9 ± 18.7 vs 58.7 ± 15.4, respectively; P = .011). The Tegner activity score was significantly different among the groups, both preoperatively and postoperatively ( P < .001 for both). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications or the survival rate at final follow-up among the 3 groups. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that patient age does not affect clinical and radiological outcomes after OWHTO.