bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSFER OF FOLATE TO THE FETUS
Authors: Landon M. J. , Eyre D. H. , Hytten F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe accumulation of tritium‐labelled folate in the product of conception was examined in eight women undergoing hysterotomy for termination of pregnancy. Folic acid containing a small quantity of tracer material (50n Ci/μg.) was injected intravenously 20 minutes before operation in 4 patients but 24 hours beforehand in the remainder. After operation, maternal blood, placenta, fetal blood, and fetal liver were examined for radioactivity as was the daily urine output during the patient's postoperative hospital stay. The results indicated that only 1/2 percent of the injected material accumulated in the product of conception—uptake was primarily by the fetal liver and no large placental pool of folate was involved.Approximately half of the injected load was excreted in the urine—the majority in the first 24 hours—and the remainder was presumed to have been retained by maternal tissues. Bioassay with L. casei and chromatography on TEAE cellulose suggested that extensive metabolism of the injected material had taken place and that fetal uptake might be more efficient than indicated by counting radioactivity alone.
FOLIC ACID ABSORPTION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Iyengar L. , Babu S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFolic acid absorption was studied in six non‐pregnant women, and nine pregnant women undergoing therapeutic termination of pregnancy between 10 to 26 weeks, using 2 mg. of folic acid labelled with 10 μCi of tritiated folic acid. Absorption varied between 65 and 95 per cent, with a mean absorption of 80 per cent, in both pregnant and non‐pregnant subjects. Similarly, there was no difference of retention between the groups. The results indicate that there is no change in the absorption of folic acid in the first 26 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL EXFOLIATED CERVICAL SQUAMOUS CELLS
Authors: Murphy John F. , Allen Josephine M. , Jordan Joseph A. , Williams Anthony E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe surface ultrastructure of normal, malignant and dyskaryotic exfoliated cervical squamous cells was examined with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Normal and malignant cells were found to have very similar surfaces to those seen on similar cells in a biopsy specimen. Dyskaryotic cells, however, showed a large range of surface features and dyskaryotic cells that looked identical at light microscopy could be subdivided into three groups by examining their ultrastructural features.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PREGNANCY AND COMPLICATION RATES WITH HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPHIN THERAPY
Authors: Ellis J. D. , Williamson J. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe report the results obtained with a standard system of gonadotrophin therapy. Seventy‐seven consecutive patients were given 322 treatment cycles. Thirty‐seven patients (48 per cent) conceived, six of them on two occasions, making 43 preg‐nancies of which 31.6 per cent were multiple. Five per cent of all treatment cycles were complicated by mild, and 0.62 per cent by severe hyperstimulation. The factors involved in achieving a satisfactory pregnancy rate whilst avoiding complications are discussed. Most complications occurred during the first cycle in which the rise in oestrogen excretion suggested follicular development and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was given (the “first effective” treatment cycle). In such cycles the risk of hyperstimulation rose sharply when the day 6 urinary total oestrogen level was above 150 μg. per 24 hours and the multiple pregnancy rate was increased by a large dose of HCG.
A STUDY OF THE SECRETORY IMMUNE SYSTEM OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
Authors: Rebello R. , Green F. H. Y. , Fox H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryImmunocytes in the female genital tract are found principally in the endocervix. The predominant immunoglobulin produced in this site is IgA and this, together with the presence of secretory component in endocervical epithelium, indicates that a local secretory immune system, similar to that found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, exists in the endocervix. This local secretory immune system appears to be the major source of immunoglobulins in cervical mucus and the presence of secretory IgA in cervico‐vaginal secretions provides an effective protective mechanism against viral and bacterial infections. Secretory IgA also acts non‐specifically against exogenous antigens and may, by binding sperma‐tozoal antigens, play a role in immunologically mediated infertility.
CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO HUMAN BASIC MYELIN PROTEIN IN WOMEN WITH DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Singer Albert , Shelton Jennifer , Hill Shirley , Potter Christopher 
Published: August 2005

SummarySensitization to human myelin basic protein or encephalitogenic factor (EF), an antigen thought to be analogous to different human tumours, can be measured by the macrophage migration inhibition test (MMI). The MMI test was done on one occasion in 51 women with dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix; 20 women with non‐malignant gynaecological conditions served as controls Sensitization to EF was found in 71 per cent of women with carcinoma in situ and 42 per cent of women with dysplasia. None of the controls showed sensitization. Sensitization could not be related to histological evidence of cellular infiltration within the cervix.
RAISED ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN LEVELS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND MATERNAL SERUM IN A TRIPLET PREGNANCY IN WHICH ONE FETUS HAD AN OMPHALOCOELE
Authors: Nevin N. C. , Armstrong M. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring the second pregnancy of a 31‐year‐old patient, who already had a child with hydrocephalus, the ultrasonic scan at 16 weeks gestation demonstrated the possibility of triplets. Raised amniotic fluid and maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein concentrations were observed at 16 and 17 weeks gestation. The pregnancy was terminated at 17 weeks gestation and one of the fetuses had an extensive omphalocoele, radial aplasia and digital abnormalities.
POSTPARTUM RENAL FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH ECLAMPSIA AND PENICILLIN HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Down P. F. , Ford P. M. , Levison D. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of acute renal failure associated with disseminated: ntravascular coagulation occurring immediately post partum is reported. The aet ological role of the associated eclampsia together with evidence for a hypersensitivity reaction to ampicillin is discussed.
ENDOMETRIAL OSSIFICATION
Authors: Hsu C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIrregular growth of bone was seen in endometrial tissue curetted from a 41‐year‐old woman, 12 months after an abortion. Bone was present in a second specimen taken later. On hysterectomy 22 months after the abortion, no trace of the abnormal tissue was found. The heterotopia is considered to be due to metaplasia occurring in cells initially concerned in the post‐abortion reparative process.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INCREASING INCIDENCE OF SEVERE NON‐HAEMOLYTIC NEONATAL JAUNDICE
Authors: Sims D. G. , Neligan G. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNeonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is increasing in frequency. In view of conflicting evidence about the possible causes, retrospective analyses have been carried out among babies born during six months of 1974. Preliminary analysis confirmed the over‐riding importance of preterm birth (before 37 weeks), but only one of 17 such cases could be attributed to ill‐judged artificial induction of labour. For the main analysis, the incidence of eight possibly relevant antecedent factors was compared in 46 cases of hyperbilirubinaemia (unconjugated bilirubin more than 15 mg per 100 ml in term babies and more than 13 mg per 100 ml in some preterm babies) and in 92 controls matched for sex and gestational age. Induction of labour by “primary” oxytocin infusion and artificial rupture of the membranes was very significantly more common in the index cases (pt0. 01), but there was no difference in the incidence of “secondary” oxytocin, used to accelerate spontaneous labour. Evidence of uterine unresponsiveness suggests that the natural onset of labour was being anticipated by at least some days in many of the index cases and this could prevent the natural “priming” of the fetal enzyme systems. An excess of epidural analgesia in the mothers of the index cases was probably due to its association with the need for pain relief during “primary” oxytocin infusions. The higher incidence of postnatal weight loss in the index cases presumably contributed to the hyperbilirubinaemia.
PLASMA UNCONJUGATED 15α‐HYDROXYOESTRIOL (OESTETROL) LEVELS IN NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Korda A. R. , Challis Janice J. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial measurements were made of the concentration of plasma unconjugated oestetrol in normal human pregnancy. The mean curve and limits of normal variation have been established. Plasma levels rose from just below 2 ng/ml at 20 weeks to approximately 5 ng/ml at term.
SERIAL HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN ESTIMATIONS IN SERUM AND PLACENTAL WEIGHT‐FOR‐DATES
Authors: Stroobants W. L. A. , Van Zanten A. K. , De Bruijn H. W. A. , Van Doorm J. M. , Huisjes H. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relation between serial HPL assays in serum and placental weight‐for‐dates was studied in 70 randomly chosen pregnant women. Out of five different aspects of the HPL curve only a fall below the 2 3d centile without subsequent recovery was related to low placental weight. When a small‐for‐dates (SFD) placenta was associated with normal HPL levels, maternal body weight tended to be lower than if both placental weight and HPL levels were abnormal. This suggests that physiologically small placentae are discernible from pathologically small placentae by a normal HPL curve.
PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF STOMACH WITH UTERINE METASTASIS
Authors: Leiberman J. , Chaim W. , Cohen A. , Czernobilsky B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCurettings from a 42‐year‐old woman who suffered from heartburn, weight loss and irregular vaginal bleeding showed apparently metastatic mucoid adeno carcinoma in the endocervix. The primary site of tumour was not evident. At laparotomy a gastric adenocarcinoma was found and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and partial gastrectomy were performed. Histological examination showed a diffuse mucoid adenocarcinoma of stomach with metastases to lymph nodes, uterine body, cervix and one ovary. The literature about metastasis of extragenital cancer to the uterus is reviewed and possible mechanisms are discussed.
CORTISOL METABOLISM AFTER ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: TOTAL PLASMA CORTISOL AND THE FREE CORTISOL INDEX
Authors: Brien T. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma concentrations of cortisol, cortisol resin uptake ratio (cortisol RUR) and free cortisol index (FCI) were measured in women taking combined oestrogen/progestogen and progestogen only oral contraceptives. Compared to control subjects, women taking the combined pill had elevated cortisol and cortisol RUR values in both the morning and afternoon but there was no significant change in FCI. Women taking the progestogen only pill had essentially normal levels of cortisol, cortisol RUR and FCI at both times of the day. As far as could be judged, diurnal variation of total cortisol and FCI remained unimpaired in women taking both types of pill. The FCI measurements indicated that there was no significant increase in metabolically active cortisol in women taking either the combined oestrogen/progestogen or the progestogen only type of oral contraceptive.
SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND C‐REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PATIENTS USING INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES
Authors: Mountrose U. E. , Whitehouse W. L. , Slater Linda 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum IgA, IgG, IgM and C‐reactive protein levels were measured over a 12‐week period in 20 women using the intrauterine contraceptive device. No significant amount of serum C‐reactive protein was detected at any time. Alterations in the serum immunoglobulin levels are discussed.
A LARGE HAMARTOMA (ANGIOLEIOMYOLIPOMA) ARISING FROM THE UTERINE CERVIX
Authors: Coltart T. M. , Missen G. A. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA pelvic mass removed from an asymptomatic 52‐year‐old woman proved to be a large angioleiomyolipoma arising from the cervix and lying within the broad ligament. It was histologically unusual in that it incorporated structures reproducing the sinuses of lymph nodes.
THE AMNIOTIC FLUID FOAM TEST AND FAT CELL COUNT IN MALNOURISHED AND WELL‐NOURISHED FETUSES
Authors: Fairbrother P. F. , Du Torr Irene L. , Cheifitz R. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA malnourished fetus has a higher concentration of pulmonary surfactant in the amniotic fluid than its well‐nourished contemporary. The clinical value of this observation is discussed. Malnourished fetuses have higher “fat cell” counts in their amniotic fluid than well‐nourished contemporaries. Well‐nourished fetuses, at the same gestational age have high fat cell counts when the surfactant concentration is high, and low fat cell counts when the surfactant concentration is low. The relationship between surfactant concentration and the fat cell count is discussed.
PLACENTAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH A LOW HAEMATOCRIT
Authors: Agboola A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit, macroscopic and histological features of the placenta and fetal weight were studied in a group of 50 Nigerian patients; half of them had a low haematocrit at booking. The presence of a low haematocrit (28 per cent or less) was associated with higher placental weight, lower fetal weight, better fetal/placental weight correlation and more villous fibrosis than were found in control patients with a haematocrit of 35 per cent or more.
THE OBSTETRlC PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN PRIMIGRAVIDAE AGED 16 AND UNDER
Authors: Efiong E. I. , Banjoko M. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe obstetric performance of 105 primigravidae aged 16 or under who received inadequate antenatal care was compared with that of 95 primigravidae of the same age who had adequate antenatal care and with 100 primigravidae aged 22 years who also had adequate antenatal care. The increased incidence of preeclampsia and babies weighing under 2.5 kg. in teenage pregnancy was confirmed. The effects of both hazards were diminished by good antenatal care.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS RITODRINE ON THE ACID‐BASE STATUS OF THE FETUS DURING THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOUR
Authors: Humphrey Michael , Chang Allan , Gilbert Marie , Wood Carl 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA progressive fetal respiratory acidosis occurs in the second stage of labour. A double‐blind controlled trial showed that the intravenous infusion of Ritodrine abolished this.
DILATATION OF THE PAROUS NON‐PREGNANT CERVIX
Authors: Liu David T. Y. , Black Martin M. , Melcher David H. , Melville Herbert A. H. , Cameron Stephen , Morgon John 
Published: August 2005

Summary In vitro cervical dilatations were carried out on 33 uteri removed by hysterectomy for conditions not involving the cervix from parous women in their reproductive span of life. A specially designed force measuring dilator was used for all the tests. The analysis of the results involved the application of a thick‐walled cylindrical stress determination technique. Using this approach it was possible to calculate quasi‐elastic moduli for different degrees of dilatation and obtain theoretical distributions of radial and circumferential stress across the cervical wall. These results indicated a yielding of the cervical tissue at about 9 to 11 mm. dilatation in a significant number of cases.
AMNIOTIC FLUlD α1 FETOPROTEIN IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEURAL TRACT MALFORMATIONS
Authors: Stewart C. R. , Ward A. Milford , Lorber J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid α1 fetoprotein levels were determined in 400 pregnancies. The normal range for α1 fetoprotein in amniotic fluid was defined by 350 samples from normal pregnancies. Elevated levels of α1 fetoprotein were detected in 17 out of 18 pregnancies which gave rise to infants with neural tract abnormalities. The significance of this test in the antenatal diagnosis of neural tract abnormalities is discussed together with the possible reasons for “false negative” and “false positive” results. There were no complications in an individual series of 105 consecutive amniocenteses.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN M IN HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND ITS POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION WITH NEURAL‐TUBE MALFORMATIONS
Authors: Cantuaria A. A. , Jones A. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryImmunoglobulin M (IgM) was found in the amniotic fluid from two fetuses with neural tube defects but not in that from normal fetuses. The possible associations of IgM with abnormalities of the central nervous system are discussed.
NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA FOLLOWING THE USE OF OXYTOCIN IN LABOUR
Authors: Beazley John M. , Alderman Brian 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective study of 1353 labours and the relevant newborn failed to reveal any significant difference between the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (defined as a level of 12 mg. or more per 100 ml.) following spontaneous labour, and after labour induced or accelerated by oxytocin. The incidence of unexplained neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia after spontaneous labour was 6.3 per cent. Following induced labour however there was a highly significant (P<0 00l) association between the mean total dose of oxytocin used for induction and the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The proportion of babies who developed hyperbilirubinaemia increased in direct relation to the total dose of oxytocin used for the induction. In this series the incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia increased sharply when the total dose of oxytocin exceeded 20 units as it did in 12 per cent of induced labours. No association was demonstrated between neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and birthweight, or duration of spontaneous labour. When labour was induced, however, the proportion of newborn babies with hyperbilirubinaemia increased with the duration of labour. The significance of these findings is discussed.
SECONDARY POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: Rome Robert M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe clinical features of 106 women who had a secondary postpartum haemorrhage were examined in detail; 39 were managed conservatively, 3 had a vaginal laceration resutured and 64 had a curettage. In 46 patients, material obtained by curettage was examined histologically. The clinical features associated with retained products of conception are defined and comparisons are made between conservative and surgical management of secondary postpartum haemorrhage.
A REVIEW OF 700 HYSTEROTOMIES
Authors: Nottage B. J. , Liston W. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe studied 700 hysterotomies carried out in Aberdeen between 1968 and 1972. The morbidity and mortality indicate that the operation is now outdated as a method of terminating pregnancy. A study of referral practice showed that there were many unnecessary delays.
CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE (CPK) LEVELS IN PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT AND A DISCUSSION OF THE VALUE OF CPK LEVELS IN THE PREDICTION OF POSSlBLE MALIGNANT HYPERPYREXIA
Authors: Isherwood D. M. , Ridley J. , Wilson J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCreatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels during two consecutive pregnancies of a patient whose sister had died of malignant hyperpyrexia have been investigated. The results are compared with CPK levels of serum obtained from apparently normal people at similar stages of pregnancy. The rise of serum CPK occurring as a result of labour was much more pronounced in the malignant hyperpyrexia suspect.
PREVIOUS REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY IN MOTHERS PRESENTING WITH SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS
Authors: Alberman Eva , Elliott Maureen , Creasy M. , Dhadial R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInformation on the previous reproductive history of 3467 mothers presenting with a spontaneous abortion is compared with that of a control series presenting with a livebirth. In 1384 abortions the chromosome constitution of the fetal products was determined. The mothers who had delivered a chromosomally normal abortion more often had a history of previous repeated abortions, while those of chromosomally abnormal abortions tended to have fewer repeated abortions but an excess of previous viable children with Down's syndrome. Data are also presented on 23 mothers with two spontaneous abortions of known karyotype; these, together with similar data obtained elsewhere, made it possible to estimate an overall rate of recurrence of chromosome defects in conceptions of the same parents, and the probability that affected fetuses will survive to a viable stage in pregnancy. The clinical and genetic implications of the findings are briefly discussed.
OESTROGEN‐INDUCED ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA IN A PATIENT WITH GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: Roberts G. , Wells A. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis case report describes the genesis of endometrial carcinoma after prolonged stilboestrol therapy in a patient with gonadal dysgenesis (Turner's syndrome). The varied histological appearance included the presence of cartilage‐like material. A review of the literature reveals the need to treat these patients with combined oestrogen/progestogen preparations rather than with continuous unopposed oestrogens.
ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA AFTER CYCLICAL OESTROGEN‐PROGESTOGEN THERAPY FOR TURNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: McCarroll A. M. , Montgomery D. A. , McD. G. Harley J. , McKeown E. F. , MacHenry J. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of endometrial adenocarcinoma in a patient with Turner's syndrome who had received long term combined oestrogen‐progestogen therapy is described.
MICROSURGICAL REANASTOMOSIS OF THE RABBIT OVIDUCT AND ITS FUNCTIONAL AND PATHOLOGICAL SEQUELAE
Authors: Winston R. M. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA microsurgical technique for anastomosis of the oviduct is described using the rabbit as an animal model. A control group of five previously sterilized rabbits had both oviducts rejoined and all became pregnant. Another three groups of animals had a reanastomosis immediately after division of both oviducts. One oviduct was later removed for histological study and the animals were subsequently mated. Twenty‐three out of 25 (92 per cent) conceived and delivered a normal litter after repair of the oviduct with very fine nylon sutures without postoperative splinting; only seven out of 15 (46.7 per cent) delivered after catgut sutures had been used without splinting and only 9 out of 20 (45 per cent) delivered when nylon sutures were used and the oviduct splinted for seven days. Both the use of catgut sutures and prolonged splinting were associated with increased fibrosis, adhesion formation and poor healing of the anastomosis.
FETO‐MATERNAL HAEMORRHAGE FOLLOWING SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS AT EXTERNAL CEPHALIC VERSION
Authors: Marcus R. G. , Crewe‐Brown H. , Krawitz S. , Katz J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn the present study, 6 out of 100 patients who had an attempted or actual external cephalic version (ECV) showed significant feto‐maternal haemorrhage, the amount being greatest in patients with “failed” external versions. Thus ECV may be a source of rhesus iso‐immunization in a rhesus negative mother with a rhesus positive fetus and should not be performed unless the father is rhesus negative. If, however, an ECV has been attempted, fetal cell counts should then be made and rhesus immunoprophylaxis administered if necessary.