bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer in adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years: A report from the North of England young person's malignant disease registry, UK
Authors: Pearce Mark S. , Parker Louise , Windebank Kevin P. , Cotterill Simon J. , Craft Alan W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundDescriptions of population‐based data have rarely been published specifically for adolescents and young adults with cancer.ProcedureData on young adults (15–24 years) diagnosed with cancer in the North of England from 1968 to 1997 were obtained from the Northern Region Young Person's Malignant Disease Registry. Temporal changes in incidence and survival rates were investigated.ResultsThere were 2,329 first cancers diagnosed over the study period (M:F 1.22:1). Overall age standardized incidence was 174 cases per million 15–24 years old, per year, 190 for males and 157 for females. The most common cancers in young adults were Hodgkin disease (19%), carcinomas (15%), central nervous system tumors (14%), germ cell tumors (13%), and leukemia (11%). Comparing incidence for 1968–1977 with 1988–1997 there were significant increases in the incidence of bone tumors (rate ratio 1.72, 95% CI 1.10–2.68), testicular tumors (rate ratio 1.64, 95% CI 1.16–2.32), thyroid cancer (rate ratio 2.63, 95% CI 1.37–5.02), and malignant melanoma (rate ratio 2.04, 95% CI 1.36–3.08). Survival rates improved significantly (P < 0.001) over the study period; 5‐year survival rates over the three time periods 1968–1977, 1978–1987, 1988–1997 for all cancers were 45% (95% CI 41%–49%), 62% (95% CI 58%–65%), and 74% (95% CI 71%–77%) respectively.ConclusionsSurvival rates improved and there were significant increases in incidence for specific cancers in young adults in the North of England. Further research is required to identify the reasons for changing incidence and to investigate the late effects of treatment among survivors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Childhood ITP: 12 months follow‐up data from the prospective registry I of the Intercontinental Childhood ITP Study Group (ICIS)
Authors: Imbach P. , Kühne T. , Müller D. , Berchtold W. , Zimmerman S. , Elalfy M. , Buchanan G.R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundAcute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is traditionally based on the duration of thrombocytopenia at the cut‐off point of 6 months after diagnosis. Registry I evaluated the diagnosis, definition, management, and follow‐up of childhood ITP. This report focuses on children with thrombocytopenia persisting more than 6 months.ProcedureData were collected by questionnaires to the physicians caring for children with ITP, at diagnosis, 6, and 12 months later. Data were compared regarding initial features and follow‐up with emphasis on children with persistent thrombocytopenia, and those with ITP who recovered their platelet counts between 7 and 12 months from diagnosis.ResultsAt 12 months from diagnosis, 79 of 308 (25.6%) evaluable children recovered from ITP and 229 had ongoing ITP. Children with recovered ITP were younger than children with ongoing ITP (P = 0.043) and exhibited a lower frequency of bleeding symptoms during the first 6 months after diagnosis (P = 0.018). Frequency of hospitalization, bone marrow aspiration, and drug treatment differed regionally.ConclusionsThe high rate of recovery from ITP between 7 to 12 months demonstrates, that the cut‐off point of 6 months for the definition of chronic ITP does not adequately differentiate chronic from acute ITP. The majority of children with ITP have variable time to recovery with gradual improvement of platelet counts and disappearance of bleeding signs. ITP is a heterogeneous disorder with a diverse natural history and diverse pattern of treatment response. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐transplant multiple myeloma in a pediatric renal transplant patient
Authors: Tcheng Wendy Y. , Said Jonathan , Hall Theodore , Al‐Akash Samhar , Malogolowkin Marcio , Feig Stephen A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a well‐recognized complication of the intense immunosuppression required in solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. The clinical presentation is varied and can range from a benign infectious mononucleosis‐like syndrome to malignant lymphoma. PTLD manifesting as multiple myeloma occurs rarely. We report the unique occurrence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated post‐transplant multiple myeloma in a 16‐year‐old male. In contrast to previously described cases of PTLD‐myeloma type, this patient was very young, had a clear association with EBV, and an indolent clinical course. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p53 pathway dysfunction in primary childhood ependymomas
Authors: Gaspar Nathalie , Grill Jacques , Geoerger Birgit , Lellouch‐Tubiana Arielle , Michalowski Mariana Bohns , Vassal Gilles 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundChildhood ependymoma remains a major therapeutic challenge despite surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation. We hypothesized that p53 function might be abrogated in ependymomas and implicated in their resistance to anti‐cancer therapy.ProcedurePrimary ependymomas at diagnosis or relapse from 24 children were analyzed for p53 pathway, using a functional assay in yeast, RT‐PCR, Western blot analysis, and/or immunohistochemistry for TP53 mutation, p14ARF deletion and promoter hypermethylation, MDM2 and PAX5 expression, respectively. p53‐mediated response to radiation‐induced DNA damage was evaluated using Western blot and flow cytometry analysis in two ependymoma xenograft models, IGREP37 and IGREP83, derived from primary anaplastic childhood ependymomas.ResultsNo TP53, MDM2, p14ARF, PAX5 gene abnormalities were detected in the primary ependymomas tumors and xenografts tested. Interestingly, despite the lack of these abnormalities, p53 induced p21‐mediated G1 growth arrest in response to irradiation was altered in the IGREP37 xenograft tumors. Although irradiation induced necrosis and apoptotic cell death, IGREP37 tumors were moderately sensitive to radiation therapy in vivo. In contrast, irradiation yielded significant tumor growth delays and tumor regressions in the p53 functional IGREP83 xenografts.ConclusionAlterations in p53‐mediated growth arrest in ependymomas might be implicated in the radio‐resistance of these tumors and demand further evaluation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Barrier properties and microstructure modifications induced by liquid water for a semiaromatic polyamide
Authors: Doudou B. Ben , Dargent E. , Marais S. , Grenet J. , Hirata Y. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis work deals with the role of liquid water on the microstructure of a semiaromatic polyamide (MXD6). One side of injected plates is kept in contact with water during different durations. After immersion, microtomic cuts are performed at different depth and are analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and permeation tests. Measurements show that the water plasticizes the initially amorphous plates and induces a spherulitic crystallization, which grows from the wet side to the dry one. As a consequence, the permeation curve is unusual, and the water flux goes through a maximum before reaching a lower plateau when the front of crystallization reaches the opposite dry face. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2604–2616, 2005
Should We Deny Surgery for Malignant Hepato‐Pancreatico‐Biliary Tumors to Elderly Patients?
Authors: Petrowsky Henrik , Clavien Pierre–Alain 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMalignant hepato‐pancreatico‐biliary (HPB) tumors have their highest incidence within the sixth to eighth decades of life. The aging of the world population has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of elderly patients considered for resection of malignant HPB tumors. Because elderly patients are more likely to have more co‐morbidities, cognitive impairment, and decreased life expectancy, the benefit and appropriateness of these procedures must be scrutinized for geriatric patients. Therefore, many surgeons have compared the perioperative and long‐term outcome of hepatic and pancreatic resections for elderly and younger patients. In most series the elderly population was defined by an age of 70 years or older. The results demonstrate that hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastases can be safely performed in well‐selected elderly patients with long‐term outcome comparable to younger patients. Similar findings are also reported for pancreatic resection in elderly patients with either ampullary or pancreatic cancer. Although the survival benefit of pancreatico‐duodenectomy is limited in all age groups, the absence of competitive therapy justifies this procedure as the sole curative option in younger as well as older patients. Data on resection of gallbladder cancer and hilar bile duct cancer in the elderly are sparse, but there is evidence from large series on resection of these types of tumors that advanced age per se is not a risk factor for reduced outcome. Therefore, surgical options should not be denied to elderly patients with a malignant HPB tumor, and the evaluation should include surgeons expert in HPB surgery.
Ex Vivo Sentinel Lymph Node Study For Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Preliminary Study
Authors: Baton Olivier , Lasser Philippe , Sabourin Jean‐Christophe , Boige Valérie , Duvillard Pierre , Elias Dominique , Malka David , Ducreux Michel , Pocard Marc 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIntraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection has been reported for colon cancer, but no study has focused on rectal cancer. Only an ex vivo technique can be performed easily in this location. We evaluated SLN detection using blue dye injection in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. This prospective study included 31 patients. Preoperative radiotherapy (45 Gy) was done in 15 cases. After proctectomy the surgical specimen was examined in the operating room. Submucosal peritumoral injections were done. One to three SLNs were retrieved. The SLNs were sectioned at three levels and examined histologically and then, if negative by hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). There were 7 abdominoperineal resections, 12 colorectal anastomoses, 11 coloanal anastomoses, and 1 Hartmann procedure. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 21 (7–38). A SLN was identified in 30 cases (feasibility 97%). The mean number of SLNs was 2 (0–3). A micrometastasis was discovered in 3 of 23 pNO cases when H&E was used on multisection levels, thus changing the stage to pN1. Each time the only positive lymph node was the SLN. IHC evaluation did not change the result, as only isolated tumor cells were discovered in one case. Only four of seven N+ patients had a positive SLN, resulting in a false‐negative rate of 43%. Ex vivo detection of SLNs is possible for rectal cancer and is a simple technique. Classic analysis using H&E remains the gold standard. However, SLNs detection can change the tumor stage by upstaging nearly 15% of the tumors from T2‐3N0 to T2‐3 N+.
Age group differences in psychological distress: the role of psychosocial risk factors that vary with age
Authors: JORM A. F. , WINDSOR T. D. , DEAR K. B. G. , ANSTEY K. J. , CHRISTENSEN H. , RODGERS B. 
Published: August 2005

Background. There is continuing controversy about how age affects depression and anxiety, with a lack of consistent results across studies. Two reasons for this inconsistency are age bias in measures and different patterns of exposure to risk factors across age groups in various studies.Method. Data on anxiety and depression symptoms were collected in a community survey of 7485 persons aged 20–24, 40–44 or 60–64 years. These measures were investigated for factorial invariance across age groups. Data were also collected on a wide range of potential risk factors, including social, physical health and personal factors, with the aim of determining whether these factors might partly or wholly account for age group differences.Results. The invariance of correlated latent factors representing anxiety and depression was examined across age groups, and a generalized measure of psychological distress was computed. Depression, anxiety and psychological distress showed a decline across age groups for females and a decline from 40–44 to 60–64 years for males. Some of these age differences were accounted for by other risk factors, with the most important being recent crises at work and negative social relationships with family and friends.Conclusion. Psychological distress generally declined across the age range 20–64 years and this was not attributable to measurement bias. Differential exposure to risk factors explained some, but not all, of the age group difference. Therefore other mechanisms that explain the lower level of distress in older age groups remain to be identified.
The epidemiology of chronic fatigue in the Swedish Twin Registry
Authors: EVENGÅRD BIRGITTA , JACKS ANDREAS , PEDERSEN NANCY L. , SULLIVAN PATRICK F. 
Published: August 2005

Background. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains an idiopathic and controversial entity.Method. We screened 31405 individual members of the Swedish Twin Registry (aged 42–64 years) for the symptoms of fatiguing illness via a telephone questionnaire. We refined self-reported symptoms via data from several national registries and from physician review of all available medical records in order to approximate closely the dominant case definition of CFS.Findings. The 6-month prevalence of CFS-like illness was 2·36% (95% CI 2·19–2·53) and was markedly higher in women than men, odds ratio 3.92 (95% CI 3·24–4·72) with no significant association with age or years of education. There was a highly significant association with occupation that disappeared after accounting for gender.Interpretation. CFS-like illness may be more common that previously acknowledged. There is a marked increase in risk by gender. Previous reports that CFS is more prevalent in individuals in certain occupational categories were not confirmed and may have been due to confounding by gender.
Le Caligula de l'histoire: un empereur déjà camusien
Authors: Bastien Sophie 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Des critiques ont cherché ce que le Caligula d'Albert Camus devait à l'historiographie ancienne, mais on a négligé le contenu virtuellement camusien du Caligula hitorique. En retraçant d'abord la démarche de Camus à l'époque où il découvrait l' empereur romain, nous tentons ici d'élucider la révélation inspirante qu'eut alors l'écrivain naissant, la rencontre culturelle qui se produisit entre un cas historique et une pensée philosophique en quête d'illustrations; la rencontre fut si intime qu'on dirait que ce cas même a stimulé cette pensée, dans ses débuts. Nous faisons ensuite ressortir les traits du personnage réel qui renferment un potentiel dramatique pouvant se mouler sur une conception camusienne de l'existence. Certains de ces traits sont inhérents au statut césarien, comme la lucidité qu'acquiert le César, le plus puissant des hommes, en se heurtant à l'impuissance ontologique. D'autres sont propres à l'empereur Caligula, comme la folie mêlée d'intelligence, la tyrannie cruelle mais exempte de revendication politique, la théâtralité constante et polymorphe, la jeunesse à la fois méprisante et idéaliste. Nous remarquons que le Caligula historique contient en luimême tous les motifs qui font la force d'impact du personnage fictif; le dramaturge en a extrait un discours théâtral qui ‘met en scène’ sa vision du monde. Cet éclairage nouveau restitue à la philosophie camusienne la formidable caution historique qu'elle a su se trouver.

Albert Camus a utilisé de plusieurs manières le matériel historique dans ses pièces de théâtre. La première d'entre elles,
Caligula
, place un personnage réel dans un cadre fictif; la suivante,
Le Malentendu
, reprend un' ‘fait divers’ paru dans un journal;
L'État de siège
met en scène de façon allégorique une situation politique réelle (l'Espagne franquiste);
Les Justes
, enfin, présentent un cadre historique (celui de la Russie à la fin du XIX
e
siècle) et des personnages qui ont réellement existé. Ses quatre pièces sont ainsi brodées sur un canevas plus ou moins ancré dans la réalité. Son roman
La Peste
, qui peut être lu comme une fable sur le phénomène récent du nazisme, et son essai
L'Homme révolté
, qui analyse différentes formes de révolte rencontrées dans l'Histoire, reviennent à la formule adoptée avec
Caligula
, de l'exemple historique.
Three amino acids that are critical to formation and stability of the P22 tailspike trimer
Authors: Gage Matthew J. , Zak Jennifer L. , Robinson Anne Skaja 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe P22 tailspike protein folds by forming a folding competent monomer species that forms a dimeric, then a non‐native trimeric (protrimer) species by addition of folding competent monomers. We have found three residues, R549, R563, and D572, which play a critical role in both the stability of the native tailspike protein and assembly and maturation of the protrimer. King and colleagues reported previously that substitution of R563 to glutamine inhibited protrimer formation. We now show that the R549Q and R563K variants significantly delay the protrimer‐to‐trimer transition both in vivo and in vitro. Previously, variants that destabilize intermediates have shown wild‐type chemical stability. Interestingly, both the R549Q and R563K variants destabilize the tailspike trimer in guanidine denaturation studies, indicating that they represent a new class of tailspike folding variants. R549Q has a midpoint of unfolding at 3.2M guanidine, compared to 5.6M for the wild‐type tailspike protein, while R563K has a midpoint of unfolding of 1.8 M. R549Q and R563K also denature over a broader pH range than the wild‐type tailspike protein and both proteins have increased sensitivity to pH during refolding, suggesting that both residues are involved in ionic interactions. Our model is that R563 and D572 interact to stabilize the adjacent turn, aiding the assembly of the dimer and protrimer species. We believe that the interaction between R563 and D572 is also critical following assembly of the protrimer to properly orient D572 in order to form a salt bridge with R549 during protrimer maturation.
Ionic interactions at both inter‐ring contact sites of GroEL are involved in transmission of the allosteric signal: A time‐resolved infrared difference study
Authors: Sot Begoña , von Germar Fritzthof , Mäntele Werner , Valpuesta Jose María , Taneva Stefka G. , Muga Arturo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe biological activity of the double‐ring chaperonin GroEL is regulated by complex allosteric interactions, which include positive intra‐ring and negative inter‐ring cooperativity. To further characterize inter‐ring communication, the nucleotide‐induced absorbance changes in the vibrational spectrum of the chaperonin GroEL, of two single‐point mutants suppressing one inter‐ring ionic contact (E461K and E434K) and of a single‐ring version of this protein, were investigated by time‐resolved infrared difference spectroscopy. Interaction of the nucleotide with the proteins was triggered by its photochemical release from a biologically inactive caged precursor [P3‐1‐(2‐nitro) phenylethyl nucleotide]. The results indicate that (1) ATP binding to the protein induces a conformational change that affects concomitantly both intra‐ring and inter‐ring communication, and (2) the experimental absorbance changes are sensitive to the double‐ring structure of the protein. The characterization of the single‐point, inter‐ring mutants demonstrates that ionic interactions at both contact sites are involved in the transmission of the allosteric signal. However, both mutations have different effects on the inter‐ring interface. While that of E461K still retains ionic contacts sensitive to ATP binding, E434K shows spectroscopic features similar to those of the single‐ring version of the protein, therefore suggesting that electrostatic interactions at these contact sites contribute differently to the stability of the inter‐ring interface.
Solution structure of the C1‐subdomain of Bacillus stearothermophilus translation initiation factor IF2
Authors: Wienk Hans , Tomaselli Simona , Bernard Cédric , Spurio Roberto , Picone Delia , Gualerzi Claudio O. , Boelens Rolf 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIF2 is one of three bacterial translation initiation factors that are conserved through all kingdoms of life. It binds the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits, as well as fMet‐tRNAfMet. After these interactions, fMet‐tRNAfMet is oriented to the ribosomal P‐site where the first amino acid of the nascent polypeptide, formylmethionine, is presented. The C‐terminal domain of Bacillus stearothermophilus IF2, which is responsible for recognition and binding of fMet‐tRNAfMet, contains two structured modules. Previously, the solution structure of the most C‐terminal module, IF2‐C2, has been elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and direct interactions between this subdomain and fMet‐tRNAfMet were reported. In the present NMR study we have obtained the spectral assignment of the other module of the C‐terminal domain (IF2‐C1) and determined its solution structure and backbone dynamics. The IF2‐C1 core forms a flattened fold consisting of a central four‐stranded parallel β‐sheet flanked by three α‐helices. Although its overall organization resembles that of subdomain III of the archaeal IF2‐homolog eIF5B whose crystal structure had previously been reported, some differences of potential functional significance are evident.
Frog albumin is expressed in skin and characterized as a novel potent trypsin inhibitor
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Xia , Lai Ren , Lee Wen‐Hui , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA novel potent trypsin inhibitor was purified and characterized from frog Bombina maxima skin. A full‐length cDNA encoding the protein was obtained from a cDNA library constructed from the skin. Sequence analysis established that the protein actually comprises three conserved albumindomains. B.maximaserum albumin was subsequently purified, and its coding cDNA was further obtained by PCR‐based cloning from the frog liver. Only two amino acid variations were found in the albumin sequences from the skin and the serum. However, the skin protein is distinct from the serum protein by binding of a haem b (0.95 mol/mol protein). Different from bovine serum albumin, B. maxima albumin potently inhibited trypsin. It bound tightly with trypsin in a 1:1 molar ratio. The equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) obtained for the skin and the serum proteins were 1.92 × 10−9 M and 1.55 × 10−9 M, respectively. B. maxima albumin formed a noncovalent complex with trypsin through an exposed loop formed by a disulfide bond (Cys53–Cys62), which comprises the scissile bond Arg58(P1)–His59(P1′). No inhibitory effects on thrombin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and subtilisin were observed under the assay conditions. Immunohistochemical study showed that B. maxima albumin is widely distributed around the membranes of epithelial layer cells and within the stratum spongiosum of dermis in the skin, suggesting that it plays important roles in skin physiological functions, such as water economy, metabolite exchange, and osmoregulation.