bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Anamorelin, a Ghrelin Receptor Agonist, on Muscle and Bone in Adults With Osteosarcopenia
Authors: Dawson-Hughes Bess , Barger Kathryn , Reitshamer Elise , Fielding Roger A , Evans William , Ceglia Lisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
Anamorelin, a ghrelin receptor agonist known to stimulate the pulsatile release of GH from the pituitary, has the potential to improve musculoskeletal health in adults with osteosarcopenia.

Objective
To determine the effect of anamorelin treatment for 1 year on muscle mass and strength and on biochemical markers of bone turnover in adults with osteosarcopenia (OS).

Design
Randomized, placebo-controlled, 1-year anamorelin intervention trial

Setting
The Bone Metabolism Laboratory at the USDA Nutrition Center at Tufts University.

Participants
26 men and women, age 50 years and older, with OS.

Main outcome measures
Muscle mass by D3-creatine dilution and lean body mass (LBM) and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength, serum IGF-1, and bone turnover markers, serum procollagen 1 intact N-terminal (P1NP), and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX).

Results
Anamorelin did not have a significant effect on muscle mass or LBM; it significantly increased knee flexion torque at 240°/s by 20% (P = .013) and had a similar nonstatistically significant effect on change in knee extension; it increased bone formation (P1NP) by 75% (P = .006) and had no significant effect on bone resorption (CTX) or BMD. Serum IGF-1 increased by 50% in the anamorelin group and did not change in the placebo group (P = .0001 for group difference).

Conclusion
In this pilot study, anamorelin did not significantly alter muscle mass; however, it may potentially improve lower extremity strength and bone formation in addition to increasing circulating IGF-1 levels in adults with OS. Further study of anamorelin in this population is warranted.
Sex Differences in Branched-chain Amino Acid and Tryptophan Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hernandez Natalie , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Ramaker Megan Elizabeth , Ilkayeva Olga , Muehlbauer Michael J , Crawford Matthew L , Grant Russell P , Hsia Daniel S , Jain Nina , Bain James R , Armstrong Sarah , Newgard Christopher B , Freemark Michael , Gumus Balikcioglu Pinar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Insulin resistance is associated with elevations in plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAAs compete with aromatic amino acids including tryptophan for uptake into β cells. To explore relationships between BCAAs and tryptophan metabolism, adiposity, and glucose tolerance, we compared urine metabolites in overweight/obese youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with those in nondiabetic overweight/obese and lean youth.

Methods
Metabolites were measured in 24-hour and first-morning urine samples of 56 nondiabetic adolescents with overweight/obesity, 42 adolescents with T2D, and 43 lean controls, aged 12 to 21 years. Group differences were assessed by Kruskal Wallis or ANOVA.

Results
Groups were comparable for age, pubertal status, and ethnicity. Youth with T2D were predominantly female and had highest percent body fat. BCAAs, branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs), tryptophan, and kynurenine were higher in urine of subjects with T2D. There were no differences between lean controls and nondiabetic youth with overweight/obesity. T2D was associated with diversion of tryptophan from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway, with higher urinary kynurenine/serotonin ratio and lower serotonin/tryptophan and 5-HIAA/kynurenine ratios. Urinary BCAAs, BCKAs, tryptophan, and ratios reflecting diversion to the kynurenine pathway correlated positively with metrics of body fat and hemoglobin A1c. Increases in these metabolites in the obese T2D group were more pronounced and statistically significant only in adolescent girls.

Conclusion
Increases in urinary BCAAs and BCKAs in adolescent females with T2D are accompanied by diversion of tryptophan metabolism from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway. These adaptations associate with higher risks of T2D in obese adolescent females than adolescent males.
New Horizons: Translational Aspects of Osteomorphs
Authors: Park-Min Kyung-Hyun , Mun Se Hwan , Bockman Richard , McDonald Michelle M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Osteomorphs are a newly described osteoclast lineage cell in mice, which are suggested to play a significant role in the maintenance of bone resorption. Preclinical investigations revealed that osteomorphs are generated through the fission of multinucleated bone-resorbing osteoclasts and can also re-fuse with existing osteoclasts. Modifications to RANKL signaling have been shown to alter cycles of fission and re-fusion of osteomorphs in mice. These novel findings were also shown to contribute to the rebound phenomenon after cessation of anti-RANKL therapy in mice. Moreover, the absence of osteomorph-specific genes in mice exhibits bone structural and quality phenotypes. Given these insights, it could be speculated that osteomorphs play a significant role in bone homeostasis, bone metabolic diseases, and response to therapeutics. In this review, we discuss these potential translational roles for osteomorphs. Importantly, we highlight the need for future preclinical and clinical studies to verify the presence of osteomorphs in humans and explore further the translational implications of this discovery.
Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Thyroid Care
Authors: Chen Debbie W , Ospina Naykky Singh , Haymart Megan R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
There have been documented racial and ethnic disparities in the care and clinical outcomes of patients with thyroid disease.

Context
Key to improving disparities in thyroid care is understanding the context for racial and ethnic disparities, which includes acknowledging and addressing social determinants of health. Thyroid disease diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship care are impacted by patient- and system-level factors, including socioeconomic status and economic stability, language, education, health literacy, and health care systems and health policy. The relationship between these factors and downstream clinical outcomes is intricate and complex, underscoring the need for a multifaceted approach to mitigate these disparities.

Conclusion
Understanding the factors that contribute to disparities in thyroid disease is critically important. There is a need for future targeted and multilevel interventions to address these disparities, while considering societal, health care, clinician, and patient perspectives.
Inactivating negative regulators of cortical branched actin enhances persistence of single cell migration
Authors: Fokin Artem I. , Boutillon Arthur , James John , Courtois Laura , Vacher Sophie , Simanov Gleb , Wang Yanan , Polesskaya Anna , Bièche Ivan , David Nicolas B. , Gautreau Alexis M. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The Rac1–WAVE–Arp2/3 pathway pushes the plasma membrane by polymerizing branched actin, thereby powering membrane protrusions that mediate cell migration. Here, using knockdown (KD) or knockout (KO), we combine the inactivation of the Arp2/3 inhibitory protein arpin, the Arp2/3 subunit ARPC1A and the WAVE complex subunit CYFIP2, all of which enhance the polymerization of cortical branched actin. Inactivation of the three negative regulators of cortical branched actin increases migration persistence of human breast MCF10A cells and of endodermal cells in the zebrafish embryo, significantly more than any single or double inactivation. In the triple KO cells, but not in triple KD cells, the ‘super-migrator’ phenotype was associated with a heterogenous downregulation of vimentin (VIM) expression and a lack of coordination in collective behaviors, such as wound healing and acinus morphogenesis. Re-expression of vimentin in triple KO cells largely restored normal persistence of single cell migration, suggesting that vimentin downregulation contributes to the maintenance of the super-migrator phenotype in triple KO cells. Constant excessive production of branched actin at the cell cortex thus commits cells into a motile state through changes in gene expression.
AUDIT OF THE PRINCIPLES FOR BUILDING A STAFF TRAINING SYSTEM IN PJSC ROSTELECOM ON THE BASIS OF THE ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Hoholeva E. , Lysenko E. , Fedotovskih K. 
Published: December 2023

Staff training is a key business process in the management of human resources of an organization in both the short and long term. The article is devoted to the audit of the initial construction of the personnel training system in PJSC Rostelecom based on the analysis of regulatory documentation. The formation and use of a system of in-house training of personnel based on sustainable education requires an undeniable competitive advantage in the form of personnel, always relevant to the market of knowledge, skills and communication. However, the formation and formation of a personnel training system of this type is extremely difficult from an organizational and methodological point of view, as well as from a technological process. A comparative analysis of the development of the in-house continuing education model and the current model of the training system of PJSC Rostelecom highlighted the development, which may adversely affect the implementation of in-house continuing education processes in the short and, especially, in the long term. PJSC Rostelecom recommends presenting a working model of the training system with principles that would make structuring the training system more familiar.
Hernia Active Living Trial (HALT): an exercise intervention in people with a parastomal hernia or bulge
Authors: Taylor Claire , Munro Julie , Goodman William , Russell Sarah , Oliphant Raymond , Beeken Rebecca J , Hubbard Gill 
Published: December 2023

Background: Parastomal hernias are a common consequence of stoma surgery and can occur in up to 50% of patients. They are mangaged either conservatively, through support hosiery, or surgically. A patient feasibility study called the Hernia Active Living Trial (HALT) was designed to examine if a clinical pilates-based exercise programme offers an alternative approach to managing a parastomal hernia or bulge. Method: Adults with an ileostomy or colostomy who perceived they had a bulge around their stoma were included in the study. The intervention included up to 12 online sessions of an exercise booklet and videos with an exercise specialist. Interviews were conducted to explore participants' experiences of the intervention. The interview data were analysed systematically and thematically. Participants were also asked to complete patient diaries every week. Results: Twelve of the 13 participants who completed the intervention agreed to be interviewed. Following analysis, three main themes emerged including managing a hernia/bulge, benefits and barriers. Participants talked about the benefits of this programme including: reduction of the size of their hernia, increased abdominal control, body confidence and posture, as well as increased physical activity levels. The barriers described were generally overcome allowing participants to engage in what was perceived to be a positive and potentially life-changing experience. Conclusions: A clinical pilates-based exercise programme for people with a parastomal hernia can bring both direct and indirect improvements to a patient's hernia management, sense of wellbeing and day-to-day life. Individuals with a hernia should be informed about the need for, and value of, exercise to strengthen core muscles, as part of their non-surgical options for self-management.
Public knowledge, belief, and preventive practices regarding dengue: Findings from a community-based survey in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Banik Rajon , Islam Md. Saiful , Mubarak Mahfuza , Rahman Mahmudur , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Ward Paul R. , Sikder Md. Tajuddin 
Published: December 2023

Background
Dengue fever, the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection, is a recurrent public health threat in Bangladesh. Despite the government’s efforts, dengue outbreaks are on the upswing, and people’s knowledge, belief, and preventive practices regarding the disease at the rural community level are unclear.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, belief and preventive practices regarding dengue and associated factors among community people from rural Bangladesh.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 401 people using a convenient sampling technique from three unions of Savar from August to September 2021. Participants’ responses were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested structured questionnaire that included information related to socio-demographics, dengue-related knowledge, preventive practices, and the health belief model (HBM) constructs. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with the knowledge and preventive practices of dengue.

Results
Overall, participants (mean age = 33.47 ± 12.96 years; age range = 18–75 years) correctly answered 66.15% of the knowledge questions regarding dengue. Higher education, travel to dengue-risk regions, and self-efficacy under the HBM construct were all shown to be strongly associated with dengue knowledge. Regarding HBM constructs, about 80% of the participants perceived dengue as dangerous, but less than half (41.4%) believed themselves susceptible to dengue. Considering perceived barriers, 73.07% of the participants believed their residential area was not suitable for Aedes mosquito breeding. Nearly all (93.52%) believed they always kept their surrounding area clean as part of self-efficacy. Moreover, on average participants engaged in 53.69% of all dengue preventive practices. Being older, female, having a higher education, being a service holder, having a good quality of house structure, and perceived susceptibility as well as self-efficacy under the HBM construct were all factors in participants’ dengue prevention activities. Participants’ dengue preventative practices were shown to be significantly influenced by their knowledge.

Conclusions
The findings of this study found a moderate level of knowledge regarding dengue among the participants. Regarding dengue prevention, although participants scored highly in several indicators, the overall preventive practices were not satisfactory. This suggests that there is a pressing need for expanded education outreach aimed at increasing public awareness of dengue and encourage preventive practices within rural communities in Bangladesh.
Phylogeographic characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from Bangladesh
Authors: Jilani Md. Shariful Alam , Farook Saika , Bhattacharjee Arittra , Barai Lovely , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Haq Jalaluddin Ashraful , Tuanyok Apichai 
Published: December 2023

Background
Burkholderia pseudomallei possesses a diverse set of genes which encode a vast array of biological functions reflecting its clinical, ecological and phenotypic diversity. Strain variation is linked to geographic location as well as pattern of land uses. This soil-dwelling Gram-negative pathogen causes melioidosis, a tropical disease endemic in northern Australia and Southeast Asian regions including Bangladesh. Phylogeographic analyses of B. pseudomallei isolates by molecular typing techniques could be used to examine the diversity of this organism as well as to track melioidosis epidemics.

Methods
In this study, 22 B. pseudomallei isolates, of which 20 clinical and two soil isolates were analyzed, utilizing Real-time PCR assay and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The sequences were then submitted to PubMLST database for analysis and construction of phylogenetic tree.

Findings
A total of 12 different sequence types (STs) that includes four novel STs were identified for the first time. Strains having STs 1005, 1007 and 56 were the most widespread STs frequently isolated in Bangladesh. ST 1005, ST 56, ST 1007 and ST 211 have been detected not only in Bangladesh but are also present in many Southeast Asian countries.

Significance
ST 1005 was detected in both soil and clinical samples of Gazipur. Most prevalent, ST 56 has been previously reported from Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, confirming the persistence of the genotype over the entire continent. Further large-scale study is necessary to find out the magnitude of the infection and its different reservoirs in the environment along with phylogeographic association.
Daseinsvorsorge und räumliche Gerechtigkeit in der bayerischen Raumordnungspolitik: Betrachtungen im Licht des Ansatzes der Fundamentalökonomie
Authors: Dudek Simon , Zademach Hans-Martin , Miosga Manfred 
Published: December 2023

The paper discusses the connection of the foundational economy approach, a contemporary concept in the public services discourse, with the notion of spatial justice. It argues that the economic relevance of the systems of the foundational economy are important for territorial development issues, too and that they are able to provide a substantial contribution to sustainable and just spatial development. First, the concept of spatial justice is introduced as a spatial planning policy interpretation of equal living conditions. Based on four sub-dimensions, it is shown that access to basic services for all people plays an elementary part in this. The concept shares this perspective with the foundational economy approach. The latter opens up a new perspective on public services and, in addition to the service provision, also emphasises the high significance of foundational economic systems for labour markets. Against this background, a descriptive-statistical evaluation of labour market data on the spatial distribution of the foundational economy at the district level in Bavaria is carried out. Overall, the paper addresses the uneven spatial distribution of the foundational economies and advocates better funding for municipalities in order to achieve spatial justice.
Fragmentarische Fundstücke – NS-Provenienzforschung in modernen Universitätsbibliotheken
Authors: Sauerwein Tessa 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
NS-Provenienzforschung in modernen universitären Strukturen – wie passt das zusammen? Als Bindeglied fungieren Bücher, deren Herkunft Rätsel aufgibt. Zur Lösung werden die Wege der Bestände von ehemaligen NS-Parteibibliotheken über verschiedene Institutionen nbis in heutige wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken verfolgt. Daraus ergibt sich ein innovativer Forschungsansatz, der die bibliothekarische Entnazifizierung anhand ihrer Überreste untersucht. Diesen präsentiert der vorliegende Beitrag, der auf einer Dissertation basiert, in einem Dreischritt.
Memoryscapes: The Evolution of Sri Lanka’s Aragala Bhoomiya as a People’s Space of Protest
Authors: Hettiarachchi Radhika , Hemachandra Samal Vimukthi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The ‘aragalaya’ or the ‘people’s struggle’ was perhaps one of the most important and successful movements of Sri Lanka’s long history of democracy. In 2015, democracy prevailed, unexpectedly and against all odds, when Sri Lankans, unsatisfied with their political representation, ‘voted out’ a government. In 2022, just as unexpectedly and for the first time in its history, the people of Sri Lanka ousted a government through mass protest and uprising. The protesters, cutting across socio-economic class and arguably many other barriers, came together and marched to Colombo’s Galle Face Green, in parallel to each other and to each other’s goals. This time, they came to do more than simply oust a government but for an idea of justice, equity, democracy, and system change. This article explores the memories and perspectives of those who ‘lived’ on the protest site and the relationship between memory, place, and the social construction of space, as they reconvened for a memory-mapping exercise in co-creating public histories of the aragalaya (struggle) and the aragala bhoomiya (site of struggle).
Chemical properties, crystallinity, and fiber biometry of Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) wood for pulp raw material: the effect of age and position
Authors: Darwis Atmawi , Karliati Tati , Sutrisno  , Alamsyah Eka Mulya , Rumidatul Alfi , Melani Lili , Kim Hyoung Jin , Iswanto Apri Heri , Fatriasari Widya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) is a promising plant species with straight, visually pleasing trunks that can be harvested at a young age as a resource for pulp and paper production due to the rapid growth rate possessed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the chemical composition and fiber biometry of 3, 6, and 9-year-old Jabon wood, determining their suitability as a pulp and paper raw material. Samples were collected from both stem and branch sections and analyzed according to the Tappi standard. Fiber cell maceration was conducted to enable the precise measurement of fiber dimensions and derivatives. The results showed high cellulose, holocellulose, and lignin content in Jabon wood, with low to moderate levels of extractives and ash. Additionally, the crystallinity index (CrI) increased with age, particularly from 3 to 9 years old. The branch of the plant, with Grade II fiber derivative quality, had lower CrI compared to the stem, while the inner stem showed a lesser value than the outer part. In conclusion, 3-year-old Jabon wood is a potential raw material for pulp and paper production.
Bestimmung der Angemessenheit von Abfindung und Ausgleich auf Basis des Börsenwerts der Gesellschaft
Authors: Witt Carl-Heinz 
Published: December 2023

921Kürzlich hat es der Bundesgerichtshof erstmals für grundsätzlich zulässig erklärt, auf den Börsenwert als alleinige Schätzgrundlage abzustellen, wenn es darum geht, die Angemessenheit der Abfindung wie auch – und das ist neu – des festen Ausgleichs zu bestimmen, wie sie in einem Unternehmensvertrag den außenstehenden Aktionären der beherrschten Gesellschaft zu offerieren bzw. zu gewähren sind (§§ 304, 305 AktG). Ökonomische Bewertungsverfahren, insbesondere das Ertragswertverfahren, werden damit nicht gänzlich verdrängt, genießen aber keinen Vorrang, und auch dem Meistbegünstigungsprinzip hat der Senat eine Absage erteilt. Andererseits bleiben der Heranziehung des Börsenwerts zur Bestimmung angemessener Kompensationsleistungen Grenzen gesetzt. Der Beitrag analysiert all‘ diese Aussprüche des BGH und ihre Bedeutung für die Praxis und für künftige Spruchverfahren.
Recently the German Federal Court of Justice (BGH) got another chance to hold on the determination of appropriate compensation payments to external shareholders of a controlled corporation under sec. 304 and 305 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG). For the first time the BGH ruled that for settlement payments as well as for compensation the stock market price can in principle be the sole basis of estimation. This does not mean that economical evaluation methods, particularly the capitalized earnings method, are displaced completely, but it no longer takes precedence. At the same time, the principle that external shareholders should be compensated at the most favourable 922conditions was rejected by the BGH. On the other hand in certain cases the stock market price cannot be of crucial importance in the above-mentioned context. In this piece the BGH’s holding and its relevance for the entrepreneurial practice as well as for future valuation proceedings (Spruchverfahren) will be analysed.