bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting cardiac arrest after neonatal cardiac surgery
Authors: Benscoter Alexis L. , Law Mark A. , Borasino Santiago , Rahman A. K. M. Fazlur , Alten Jeffrey A. , Atreya Mihir R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) following cardiac surgery is a rare but consequential event with detrimental effects on patient outcomes, including morbidity, mortality, and long-term neurologic outcomes. Neonatal patients are the most vulnerable population. We aimed to create a model to identify neonates at the highest risk of suffering IHCA early in their postoperative course using readily available candidate physiologic and laboratory variables.

Methods
Single-center, retrospective cohort.

Results
Of 118 postoperative neonates, IHCA occurred within 48 h in 10% of the cohort (n = 12). Multiple strategies were employed in the development of a risk prediction model for IHCA. The best performing model contained vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) at 2 h after admission, admission lactate level, and change in VIS from admission to 2 h post-admission. The model characteristics were training mode—area under the receiving operating curve (AUROC) 0.99 (95% CI 0.99–1.00), sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 98.1%; test model—AUROC 0.92 (95% CI 0.76–1.00), sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 97.2%.

Conclusion
We derived a risk prediction model for neonatal IHCA after congenital heart surgery that is simple and capable of predicting early IHCA within 2 h of postoperative admission to the cardiac intensive care unit. Pending external validation, our model may be used to identify neonates who may benefit from targeted interventions and prevent IHCA after cardiac surgery.
Pine-like elastic metamaterials for urban seismic Rayleigh wave attenuation
Authors: Chen Zhenyu , Wang Guifeng , Lim C. W. , Guo Tong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPreventing urban regions from seismic wave destruction is of paramount significance because it is closely related to urban lifeline and prosperity of cities. Almost all conventional seismic resistance approaches rely on the stiffness and strength of buildings, which require excessive structural components with additional self-weights. In this study, we propose a pine-like seismic metamaterial for efficient attenuation of surface Rayleigh waves. The pine arrays in suburban regions demonstrate an ability to convert Rayleigh waves to shear bulk waves or attenuate waves on the surface via local resonation. This property originates from a gradient design of pine arrays, where a scale ratio is defined to tune the geometric properties of each pine unit. Specifically, a gradient pine array with a scale ratio smaller than one can interact with the Rayleigh waves and convert them to shear waves that propagate deep to underground. The transmission ratio of the entire system indicates a broadband wave attenuation at subwavelength scale. It reveals that the pine is able to couple with a certain elastic Rayleigh wave whose wavelength is much larger than the lattice constant, which is rarely achieved in any conventional civil engineering structures such as open trench barriers and filled trench barriers. Additionally, a numerical model of an urban region and suburban pine array is established and analyzed. Infrastructures and structures in a city that suffer direct Rayleigh wave interference run into a high risk of structural destruction as compared to urban structures protected with suburban metamaterial pine arrays. Finally, two real earthquake wave signals are used to validate the efficiency of the pine arrays in dissipating earthquake energy. The approach in this paper can be extended to deal with more complex naturally available structures for examining the elastic wave attenuation abilities of these novel structures.
Psychological reactance, misinformation, and distrust: A mixed methods analysis of COVID-19 vaccine uptake
Authors: Huang Lily , Huschka Todd R. , Barwise Amelia K. , Allen Jay-Sheree P. , Wolfersteig Wendy , Hamm Kathryn , Cardenas Lilliana D. , Phelan Sean M. , Allyse Megan A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Assessing perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccines is essential for understanding vaccine hesitancy and for improving uptake during public health emergencies. In the complicated landscape of COVID-19 vaccine mandates and rampant misinformation, many individuals faced challenges during vaccination decision-making. The purpose of our mixed methods study is to elucidate factors affecting vaccine decision-making and to highlight the discourse surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines in diverse and underserved communities.

Methods:
This mixed methods study was conducted in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsin between March and November 2021, combining a cross-sectional survey (n = 3593) and focus groups (n = 47).

Results:
The groups least likely to report receiving a vaccination were non-Hispanic Whites, Indigenous people, males, and those with moderate socioeconomic status (SES). Those indicating high and low SES reported similar vaccination uptake. Focus group data highlighted resistance to mandates, distrust, misinformation, and concerns about the rapid development surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines. Psychological reactance theory posits that strongly persuasive messaging and social pressure can be perceived as a threat to freedom, encouraging an individual to take action to restore that freedom.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that a subsection of participants felt pressured to get the vaccine, which led to weaker intentions to vaccinate. These results suggest that vaccine rollout strategies should be reevaluated to improve and facilitate informed decision-making.
Industry 4.0: a bibliometric analysis of social partners’ public messages in France and Germany
Authors: Woźniak-Jęchorek Beata , Woźniak-Jasińska Katarzyna , Lewoniewski Włodzimierz , Kirov Vassil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how interest groups in France and Germany communicate information about Industry 4.0 technologies and approaches. Specifically, this explanatory study employs cutting-edge big-data-type tools and machine-based automatic text processing to delve into the topics, arguments, and postulates related to Industry 4.0 strategies by trade unions and employers’ organisations. The goal is to determine which of these factors have been pivotal in shaping social dialogue in France and Germany. The findings reveal that social partners in both countries are involved in similar digitalisation-related initiatives and express predominantly favourable viewpoints regarding Industry 4.0 technologies. Key themes in the dialogues of both France and Germany centre around workers’ rights, working conditions, and skills training.
Thermo-hydro-mechanical simulation of cooling-induced fault reactivation in Dutch geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Mathur Bakul , Hofmann Hannes , Cacace Mauro , Hutka Gergő András , Zang Arno 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Geothermal energy is one of the most viable sources of renewable heat. However, the potential risk of induced seismicity associated with geothermal operations may slow down the growth of the geothermal sector. Previous research has led to significant progress in understanding fluid-injection-induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs. However, an in-depth assessment of thermal effects on the seismic risk was generally considered to be of secondary importance. This study aims to investigate the relative influence of temperature and key geological and operational parameters on the slip tendency of pre-existing faults. This is done through coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical simulations of the injection and production processes in synthetic geothermal reservoir models of the most utilized and potentially exploitable Dutch geothermal reservoir formations: Slochteren sandstone, Delft sandstone and Dinantian limestone.
In our study, changes in the slip tendency of a fault can largely be attributed to thermo-elastic effects, which confirms the findings of recent studies linking thermal stresses to induced seismicity. While the direct pore pressure effect on slip tendency tends to dominate over the early phase of the operations, once pore pressure equilibrium is established in a doublet system, it is the additional stress change associated with the growing cold-water front around the injection well that has the greatest influence. Therefore, the most significant increase in the slip tendency was observed when this low-temperature front reached the fault zone. The distance between an injection well and a pre-existing fault thus plays a pivotal role in determining the mechanical stability of a fault. A careful selection of a suitable target formation together with an appropriate planning of the operational parameters is also crucial to mitigate the risk of induced seismicity. Besides the well-known relevance of the in situ stress field and local fault geometry, rock-mechanical properties and operation conditions exert a major influence on induced stress changes and therefore on the fault (re)activation potential during geothermal operations.
Effectiveness of a palliative care education program for caregivers of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Port Said City: A pre-post quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ibrahim Ateya Megahed , Elnaghy Sara Fawzy , Abo Elmatty Gehad Mohamed , Mohamed Ghida Nglaa Ibrahim , Mohamed Magda Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmphasizing the pivotal role of caregivers in the cancer care continuum, a program designed to educate caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy underscores their significance. The palliative care education initiative strives to cultivate a compassionate and effective care environment, benefiting both patients and caregivers. By imparting education, fostering positive attitudes, offering support, encouraging appropriate behaviors, and providing essential resources, the program aims to enhance the overall caregiving experience and contribute to the well-being of those navigating the challenges of cancer treatment.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a palliative care education program for caregivers of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.MethodsThe research employed a purposive sample comprising 155 caregivers who were actively present with their cancer patients throughout the pre- and post-test phases within a quasi-experimental research design. The study took place at the outpatient oncology center of Al-Shifa Medical Complex in Port Said City, Egypt. To gather comprehensive data, 4 instruments were utilized: a demographic questionnaire, a nurse knowledge questionnaire, a scale measuring attitudes toward palliative care, and an assessment of reported practices in palliative care. This methodological approach allowed for a thorough exploration of caregiver perspectives, knowledge, attitudes, and practices within the context of a palliative care education program.ResultsBefore the palliative care education program, only 1.3% of caregivers had a good overall level of knowledge about cancer and palliative care; this increased to 40.6% after the program. Similarly, before the palliative care education program, 32.9% of caregivers had a positive overall attitude, which increased to 72.3% after the program. Similarly, 27.1% of caregivers had an overall appropriate palliative care practice during the pre-test phase, which increased to 93.5% after the palliative care education program.Significance of the resultsThe palliative care education program significantly improved caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores. It is strongly recommended that caregivers of cancer patients receive continuing education in palliative care. In addition, it is crucial to conduct further research with a larger sample size in different situations in Egypt.
Asymmetry of Submesoscale Instabilities in Anticyclonic and Cyclonic Eddies
Authors: Shi Weian , Lin Hongyang , Deng Qiang , Hu Jianyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe upper‐ocean relative vorticity has been found to be cyclonically skewed, but altimetry observations indicate that long‐lifespan mesoscale eddies tend to be anticyclonic. We are thus interested in whether cyclonic or anticyclonic eddies are more unstable under similar circumstances. Here we use submesoscale‐resolving simulations of idealized mesoscale eddies, incorporating theoretical analyses, to investigate asymmetries of submesoscale instabilities within the anticyclones and cyclones. It is found that submesoscale filaments initiate at regions with the largest horizontal buoyancy gradients for both anticyclones and cyclones, but these filaments subsequently rotate outward in anticyclones while inward in cyclones. Hence submesoscales are more vigorous at anticyclone peripheries and the cyclone center. Such differing distributions and evolutions of submesoscale processes are primarily caused by changes in the background stratification associated with the decaying of mesoscale eddies. The active submesoscales near the cyclone center eventually distort its core structure radically, whereas the anticyclone remains largely unaffected.
Anticyclonic Suppression of the North Pacific Transient Eddy Activity in Midwinter
Authors: Okajima Satoru , Nakamura Hisashi , Kaspi Yohai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDynamical understandings of midlatitude transient eddy activity, especially its midwinter minimum over the North Pacific, are still limited, partly because conventional Eulerian eddy statistics are incapable of separating cyclonic and anticyclonic contributions. Here we evaluate the two contributions separately based on local curvature of instantaneous flow fields to compare their seasonality between the North Pacific and North Atlantic storm‐tracks. The anticyclonic contribution is found crucial for the midwinter minimum of the North Pacific transient eddy activity. Eddy energetics reveals that the net efficiency of the anticyclonic contribution in replenishing total transient eddy energy over the North Pacific exhibits a pronounced midwinter minimum leading to net energy loss, while that of its cyclonic counterpart does not, in harmony with a precipitation peak around midwinter. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to anticyclones in studying midlatitude storm‐track dynamics.
Distinct Impacts of the Central and Eastern Atlantic Niño on the European Climate
Authors: Chen Baiyang , Zhang Lei , Wang Chunzai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Atlantic Niño is the primary interannual variability mode in the tropical Atlantic, with far‐reaching impacts on global climate. A recent study identified two types of the Atlantic Niño, each with its maximum warming centered in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic, respectively. Through analysis of observational data and numerical model experiments, we find that the two Atlantic Niño types have distinct climatic impacts on Europe. This is because the central Atlantic Niño is associated with a pronounced increase in precipitation in the western tropical Atlantic, while the positive precipitation anomalies during the eastern type are mainly located in the eastern basin with weaker amplitudes. Consequently, compared to the eastern Atlantic Niño, the extra‐tropical atmospheric waves and the associated precipitation and temperature anomalies in Europe during the central type are stronger and shifted westward. Therefore, distinguishing between the two Atlantic Niño types may help improve seasonal climate predictions in Europe.
Impacts of Gravity Waves on the Thermospheric Circulation and Composition
Authors: Liu H.‐L. , Lauritzen P. H. , Vitt F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe high‐resolution Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere/ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) is used to study the impacts of gravity waves (GWs) on the thermospheric circulation and composition. The resolved GWs are found to propagate anisotropically with stronger eastward components at most altitudes. The dissipation of these waves in the thermosphere produces a net eastward forcing that reaches peak values between 200 and 250 km at mid‐high latitudes in both hemispheres. Consequently, the mean circulation is weakened in the winter hemisphere and enhanced in the summer, which in turn impacts the thermospheric composition. Most notably, the column integrated O/N2 in both hemispheres is reduced and agrees better with observations. The mean thermospheric GW forcing in the meridional direction has comparable amplitude and acts to modify the gradient‐wind relationship.
Why flying insects gather at artificial light
Authors: Fabian Samuel T. , Sondhi Yash , Allen Pablo E. , Theobald Jamie C. , Lin Huai-Ti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExplanations of why nocturnal insects fly erratically around fires and lamps have included theories of “lunar navigation” and “escape to the light”. However, without three-dimensional flight data to test them rigorously, the cause for this odd behaviour has remained unsolved. We employed high-resolution motion capture in the laboratory and stereo-videography in the field to reconstruct the 3D kinematics of insect flights around artificial lights. Contrary to the expectation of attraction, insects do not steer directly toward the light. Instead, insects turn their dorsum toward the light, generating flight bouts perpendicular to the source. Under natural sky light, tilting the dorsum towards the brightest visual hemisphere helps maintain proper flight attitude and control. Near artificial sources, however, this highly conserved dorsal-light-response can produce continuous steering around the light and trap an insect. Our guidance model demonstrates that this dorsal tilting is sufficient to create the seemingly erratic flight paths of insects near lights and is the most plausible model for why flying insects gather at artificial lights.
Enhancing antibody responses by multivalent antigen display on thymus-independent DNA origami scaffolds
Authors: Wamhoff Eike-Christian , Ronsard Larance , Feldman Jared , Knappe Grant A. , Hauser Blake M. , Romanov Anna , Case James Brett , Sanapala Shilpa , Lam Evan C. , Denis Kerri J. St. , Boucau Julie , Barczak Amy K. , Balazs Alejandro B. , Diamond Michael S. , Schmidt Aaron G. , Lingwood Daniel , Bathe Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein-based virus-like particles (P-VLPs) are commonly used to spatially organize antigens and enhance humoral immunity through multivalent antigen display. However, P-VLPs are thymus-dependent antigens that are themselves immunogenic and can induce B cell responses that may neutralize the platform. Here, we investigate thymus-independent DNA origami as an alternative material for multivalent antigen display using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the primary target of neutralizing antibody responses. Sequential immunization of mice with DNA-based VLPs (DNA-VLPs) elicits protective neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a manner that depends on the valency of the antigen displayed and on T cell help. Importantly, the immune sera do not contain boosted, class-switched antibodies against the DNA scaffold, in contrast to P-VLPs that elicit strong B cell memory against both the target antigen and the scaffold. Thus, DNA-VLPs enhance target antigen immunogenicity without generating scaffold-directed immunity and thereby offer an important alternative material for particulate vaccine design.
Electron scale coherent structure as micro accelerator in the Earth’s magnetosheath
Authors: Xie Zi-Kang , Zong Qiu-Gang , Yue Chao , Zhou Xu-Zhi , Liu Zhi-Yang , He Jian-Sen , Hao Yi-Xin , Ng Chung-Sang , Zhang Hui , Yao Shu-Tao , Pollock Craig , Le Guan , Ergun Robert , Lindqvist Per-Arne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTurbulent energy dissipation is a fundamental process in plasma physics that has not been settled. It is generally believed that the turbulent energy is dissipated at electron scales leading to electron energization in magnetized plasmas. Here, we propose a micro accelerator which could transform electrons from isotropic distribution to trapped, and then to stream (Strahl) distribution. From the MMS observations of an electron-scale coherent structure in the dayside magnetosheath, we identify an electron flux enhancement region in this structure collocated with an increase of magnetic field strength, which is also closely associated with a non-zero parallel electric field. We propose a trapping model considering a field-aligned electric potential together with the mirror force. The results are consistent with the observed electron fluxes from ~50 eV to ~200 eV. It further demonstrates that bidirectional electron jets can be formed by the hourglass-like magnetic configuration of the structure.
Sex dependence of opioid-mediated responses to subanesthetic ketamine in rats
Authors: Di Ianni Tommaso , Ewbank Sedona N. , Levinstein Marjorie R. , Azadian Matine M. , Budinich Reece C. , Michaelides Michael , Airan Raag D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubanesthetic ketamine is increasingly used for the treatment of varied psychiatric conditions, both on- and off-label. While it is commonly classified as an N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, our picture of ketamine’s mechanistic underpinnings is incomplete. Recent clinical evidence has indicated, controversially, that a component of the efficacy of subanesthetic ketamine may be opioid dependent. Using pharmacological functional ultrasound imaging in rats, we found that blocking opioid receptors suppressed neurophysiologic changes evoked by ketamine, but not by a more selective NMDAR antagonist, in limbic regions implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and in reward processing. Importantly, this opioid-dependent response was strongly sex-dependent, as it was not evident in female subjects and was fully reversed by surgical removal of the male gonads. We observed similar sex-dependent effects of opioid blockade affecting ketamine-evoked postsynaptic density and behavioral sensitization, as well as in opioid blockade-induced changes in opioid receptor density. Together, these results underscore the potential for ketamine to induce its affective responses via opioid signaling, and indicate that this opioid dependence may be strongly influenced by subject sex. These factors should be more directly assessed in future clinical trials.
Observing growth and interfacial dynamics of nanocrystalline ice in thin amorphous ice films
Authors: Lee Minyoung , Lee Sang Yup , Kang Min-Ho , Won Tae Kyung , Kang Sungsu , Kim Joodeok , Park Jungwon , Ahn Dong June 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIce crystals at low temperatures exhibit structural polymorphs including hexagonal ice, cubic ice, or a hetero-crystalline mixture of the two phases. Despite the significant implications of structure-dependent roles of ice, mechanisms behind the growths of each polymorph have been difficult to access quantitatively. Using in-situ cryo-electron microscopy and computational ice-dynamics simulations, we directly observe crystalline ice growth in an amorphous ice film of nanoscale thickness, which exhibits three-dimensional ice nucleation and subsequent two-dimensional ice growth. We reveal that nanoscale ice crystals exhibit polymorph-dependent growth kinetics, while hetero-crystalline ice exhibits anisotropic growth, with accelerated growth occurring at the prismatic planes. Fast-growing facets are associated with low-density interfaces that possess higher surface energy, driving tetrahedral ordering of interfacial H2O molecules and accelerating ice growth. These findings, based on nanoscale observations, improve our understanding on early stages of ice formation and mechanistic roles of the ice interface.