bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in Eurytoma brunniventris, a generalist parasitoid in oak cynipid galls
Authors: Hale M. L. , Acs Z. , Stone G. N. 
Published: May 2004

Abstract Eurytoma brunniventris is a parasitic wasp with a wide range of host species. We have developed primers for nine polymorphic microsatellite loci to allow examination of intraspecific population subdivision associated with two aspects of the biology of their hosts: host species (oak gallwasps) and the tree on which the gallwasp develops (different oak species). All nine loci amplified well across individuals collected from a range of gallwasp species and across two oak taxa. These microsatellite loci are potentially of value in the study of closely related economic pests such as seed predators of almonds (E. amygdali) and pistachios (E. plotnikovi).
Primers for identification and polymorphism assessment of Vespertilionid bats in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Zinck J. M. , Duffield D. A. , Ormsbee P. C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSpecies‐specific primers for portions of the mitochondrial DNA 16S ribosomal subunit gene were designed to identify bats of the family Vespertilionidae (Mammalia). Two fragments, each of 190 base pairs, were found to contain sufficient genetic variability to consistently resolve 10 of the 14 Pacific Northwest species included in this study. The remaining four species could be resolved into two sets of paired species that were unique from the other 10 species. These primers are demonstrably useful for purposes of surveys designed for species identification of bats, including using DNA extracted from guano collected from roost sites when bats are absent.
Characterization of microsatellite markers in sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.)
Authors: Pandey M. , Gailing O. , Fischer D. , Hattemer H. H. , Finkeldey R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) is a tetraploid European hardwood tree species. The reproduction system of the insect‐pollinated trees and patterns of genetic variation are largely unknown. We isolated and characterized eight polymorphic microsatellite markers for Acer pseudoplatanus L. The high degree of polymorphism observed at these markers makes them useful to observe genetic variation patterns at various spatial scales and to analyse gene flow and the mating system. Primers developed for the amplification of microsatellites in A. pseudoplatanus were tested for 21 different species of genus Acer. Amplification products of the expected size were obtained in most cases.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites for assessment of genetic variation of hops (Humulus lupulus L.)
Authors: Hadonou A. M. , Walden R. , Darby P. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars are vegetatively propagated and it is difficult to differentiate them during the process of propagation. Fingerprinting with molecular markers based on DNA could be a useful means of identifying different cultivars. Simple sequence repeats, or microsatellite markers, are the most suitable marker for genetic fingerprinting because they are multi‐allelic and co‐dominant. For this purpose, we have developed primers for 10 new polymorphic microsatellite loci that are suitable for genetic fingerprinting in hop.
Isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite loci in Podarcis bocagei (Squamata: Lacertidae)
Authors: Pinho C. , Sequeira F. , Godinho R. , Harris D. J. , Ferrand N. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNine dinucleotide microsatellite loci were developed through an enrichment protocol for Bocage's wall lizard, Podarcis bocagei Seoane 1884, a lacertid endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Nineteen primer pairs were designed and tested. From these, nine loci yielded satisfactory results and were screened on 15–19 individuals. These loci revealed a high level of polymorphism (8–15 alleles) and heterozygosity (0.611–0.947) and will certainly be useful in the study of population structure and evolutionary history of this species.
Microsatellite markers for the driver ant Dorylus (Anomma) molestus
Authors: Kronauer Daniel J. C. , Boomsma Jacobus J. , Gadau Jürgen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report primer sequences for five novel polymorphic microsatellite loci that were developed for the African driver ant Dorylus (Anomma) molestus. The number of alleles in the studied population ranged from three to 10 with observed heterozygosities between 0.458 and 0.806. These microsatellite markers will be useful for the study of mating system evolution and the genetic structure of colonies and populations of army ants.
Frovatriptan Use in Migraineurs With or at High Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Elkind Arthur H. , Satin Lawrence Z. , Nila Alice , Keywood Charlotte 
Published: May 2004

Objective.—To investigate the cardiovascular effects of frovatriptan 2.5 mg during a migraine attack in patients with, or at high risk of, coronary artery disease.Background.—Rare occurrences of myocardial ischemia and coronary and peripheral vasospasm associated with the use of sumatriptan have triggered concern over the vasoconstrictor properties of the triptan class of drugs.Methods.—This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study was conducted in 14 US private headache referral centers or clinics. Seventy‐five patients, aged 18 years and older, with a history of migraine who were at high risk (Framingham score ≥14) of or who had previously documented coronary artery disease were evaluated.Results.—Incidence of clinically significant electrocardiogram changes was higher at all time points postdose with placebo than with frovatriptan, reaching statistical significance at 4 hours (40% versus 19%, P= .026). Similar proportions of patients had ischemia documented on Holter monitoring in the placebo (13%) and frovatriptan (11%) groups, and the incidence of arrhythmias was higher in the placebo group (11% versus 3%). There were no clinically significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure in either group. Adverse event profiles were similar for placebo and frovatriptan.Conclusions.—In this exploratory study of migraineurs with, or at high risk of, coronary artery disease, frovatriptan 2.5 mg was well tolerated and not associated with an increase in cardiovascular monitoring abnormalities.
Consensus Statement: Cardiovascular Safety Profile of Triptans (5‐HT1B/1D Agonists) in the Acute Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Dodick David , Lipton Richard B. , Martin Vincent , Papademetriou Vasilios , Rosamond Wayne , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette , Loutfi Hassan , Welch K.Michael , Goadsby Peter J. , Hahn Steven , Hutchinson Susan , Matchar David , Silberstein Stephen , Smith Timothy R. , Purdy R. Allan , Saiers Jane ,   The Triptan Cardiovascular Safety Expert Panel
Published: May 2004

Background.—Health care providers frequently cite concerns about cardiovascular safety of the triptans as a barrier to their use. In 2002, the American Headache Society convened the Triptan Cardiovascular Safety Expert Panel to evaluate the evidence on triptan‐associated cardiovascular risk and to formulate consensus recommendations for making informed decisions for their use in patients with migraine.Objective.—To summarize the evidence reviewed by the Triptan Cardiovascular Safety Expert Panel and their recommendations for the use of triptans in clinical practice.Participants.—The Triptan Cardiovascular Safety Expert Panel was composed of a multidisciplinary group of experts in neurology, primary care, cardiology, pharmacology, women's health, and epidemiology.Evidence and Consensus Process.—An exhaustive search of the relevant published literature was reviewed by each panel member in preparation for an open roundtable meeting. Pertinent issues (eg, cardiovascular pharmacology of triptans, epidemiology of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk assessment, migraine) were presented as a prelude to group discussion and formulation of consensus conclusions and recommendations. Follow‐up meetings were held by telephone.Conclusions.—(1) Most of the data on triptans are derived from patients without known coronary artery disease. (2) Chest symptoms occurring during use of triptans are generally nonserious and are not explained by ischemia. (3) The incidence of serious cardiovascular events with triptans in both clinical trials and clinical practice appears to be extremely low. (4) The cardiovascular risk‐benefit profile of triptans favors their use in the absence of contraindications.
A Thromboembolic Predisposition and the Effect of Anticoagulants on Migraine
Authors: Wammes‐van der Heijden Elisabeth A. , Tijssen Cees C. , Van't Hoff Annelies R. , Egberts Antoine C. G. 
Published: May 2004

Objective.—To investigate the presence of thromboembolic risk factors and the effect of low‐dose acenocoumarol therapy on migraine in patients who spontaneously reported a reduction of their migraine attacks during previous therapeutic use of anticoagulants.Background.—The positive effect of anticoagulants on migraine has been described in case reports and observational studies. It remains unclear whether this concerns only a select group of migraineurs with certain common characteristics.Methods.—In 4 migraineurs with a self‐reported reduction of attack frequency during previous use of anticoagulants (international normalization ratio [INR], 2.5:4.0), the presence of thromboembolic risk factors and the effect of low‐dose acenocoumarol therapy (INR, 1.5:2.0) on migraine attacks were prospectively investigated in an open study.Results.—All patients had one or more thromboembolic risk factors. Two patients, both with factor V Leiden heterozygosity, experienced a clear improvement of migraine during low‐dose acenocoumarol therapy.Conclusions.—Our findings support the hypothesis that migraine, as a phenotype, has different underlying mechanisms, amongst which a thromboembolic tendency. In this group of patients, oral anticoagulants may be a suitable form of migraine prophylaxis, but this needs further clinical investigation.
Ponytail Headache: A Pure Extracranial Headache
Authors: Blau J. N. 
Published: May 2004

Fifty of 93 females experienced headache from wearing a ponytail. Pain was experienced only at the site of the hair tie in 10 subjects, extending in others, forwards to the vertex (n = 5) or forehead (n = 7), laterally to the parietal region (n = 8) or temples (n = 3), downwards to the neck (n = 5), or to other areas (n = 12). Loosening the hair relieved pain immediately in 4 subjects, within half an hour in 32, and within an hour in 5 subjects; the remaining 9 subjects were uncertain of pain duration. This headache was preventable by wearing the ponytail more loosely tied.Ponytail headache, well known to females, is not described in the medical literature because the remedy is obvious, therefore those affected do not seek medical advice. This seemingly common headache provides an example of a pure extracranial headache arising from pericranial muscle fascia and tendon traction. Males almost certainly have similar experiences, but were not questioned in this study.Distinguishing intracranial from extracranial headache is essential in diagnosis and treatment. Further research on ponytail and other extracranial headaches could shed light on the mechanism of tension‐type headache.
Venous Angioma Associated With Atypical Ophthalmoplegic Migraine
Authors: Berbel‐Garcia Angel , Martinez‐Salio Antonio , Porta‐Etessam Jesus , Saiz‐Diaz Rosana , Gonzalez‐León Pedro , Ramos Ana , Campollo Jorge 
Published: May 2004

Background.—Ophthalmoplegic migraine is a rare syndrome in which episodic headaches are associated with ophthalmoplegia. Several recent reports emphasize the possibility, especially in atypical cases, of a heterogeneous type of ophthalmoplegic migraine.Methods.—We describe the case of an 18‐year‐old woman with recurrent episodic headache accompanied by binocular diplopia due to left third cranial nerve palsy. The symptoms resolve in hours. A diagnosis of atypical ophthalmoplegic migraine was established.Results.—Digital angiography revealed a venous angioma draining into the left cavernous sinus.Conclusions.—This case reveals the importance of differential diagnosis in atypical migraine in which the symptomatology could be secondary to intracranial lesions. We propose venous stasis as a cause of symptoms.
Are Migraine and Coronary Heart Disease Associated? An Epidemiologic Review
Authors: Rosamond Wayne 
Published: May 2004

In evaluating the cardiovascular risks of triptans (5‐HT1B/1D agonists) for the treatment of migraine, the possible relationship between migraine and cardiovascular disease warrants careful assessment. The vascular nature of migraine is compatible with the possibility that migraine is a manifestation of cardiovascular disease or is linked to cardiovascular disease via a common mechanism. If so, then migraine itself—independent of the use of triptans—may be associated with an increased risk of cardiac events.This article considers the epidemiologic literature pertinent to evaluating the association of migraine with coronary heart disease. The research reviewed herein fails to support an association between migraine and coronary heart disease. First, data from several large cohort studies show that the presence of migraine does not increase risk of coronary heart disease. Furthermore, although migraineurs are generally more likely than nonmigraineurs to report chest pain, the presence of chest pain in most studies did not predict serious cardiac events such as myocardial infarction. That the gender‐ and age‐specific prevalence of migraine does not overlap with that of coronary heart disease is also consistent with a lack of association between migraine and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. While migraine appears not to be associated with coronary heart disease, preliminary evidence suggests a possible link of migraine with vasospastic disorders such as variant angina and Raynaud's phenomenon. These results warrant further investigation in large prospective studies.
Cardiovascular Tolerability and Safety of Triptans: A Review of Clinical Data
Authors: Dodick David W. , Martin Vincent T. , Smith Timothy , Silberstein Stephen 
Published: May 2004

Triptans are not widely used in clinical practice despite their well‐established efficacy, endorsement by the US Headache Consortium, and the demonstrable need to employ effective intervention to reduce migraine‐associated disability. Although the relatively restricted use of triptans may be attributed to several factors, research suggests that prescribers' concerns about cardiovascular safety prominently figure in limiting their use.This article reviews clinical data—including results of clinical trials, postmarketing studies and surveillance, and pharmacodynamic studies—relevant to assessing the cardiovascular safety profile of the triptans.These data demonstrate that triptans are generally well tolerated. Chest symptoms occurring during use of triptans are usually nonserious and usually not attributed to ischemia. Incidence of triptan‐associated serious cardiovascular adverse events in both clinical trials and clinical practice appears to be extremely low. When they do occur, serious cardiovascular events have most often been reported in patients at significant cardiovascular risk or in those with overt cardiovascular disease. Adverse cardiovascular events also have occurred, however, in patients without evidence of cardiovascular disease. Several lines of evidence suggest that nonischemic mechanisms are responsible for sumatriptan‐associated chest symptoms, although the mechanism of chest symptoms has not been determined to date. Importantly, most of the clinical trials and clinical practice data on triptans are derived from patients without known cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the conclusions of this review cannot be extended to patients with cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular safety profile of triptans favors their use in the absence of contraindications.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Triptans
Authors: Papademetriou Vasilios 
Published: May 2004

Identifying the patient for whom triptans are contraindicated because of recognized, diagnosed cardiovascular disease is relatively straightforward. Determining whether a patient with potential unrecognized cardiovascular disease is an appropriate candidate for triptan therapy, however, constitutes a difficult challenge, especially in the absence of a framework for workup of patients.This article discusses the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and issues involved in assessing cardiovascular risk, and it attempts to provide a framework for cardiovascular risk assessment that can be applied to decisions for prescribing triptans. Current guidelines for cardiovascular risk assessment allow stratification of patients to low, intermediate, or high risk of coronary heart disease events. This framework for risk assessment can be applied to decisions for prescribing triptans. Cardiovascular risk‐assessment algorithms discussed elsewhere in this supplement suggest that patients at low risk (1 or no risk factors) of coronary heart disease can be prescribed triptans without the need for a more intensive cardiovascular evaluation. Conversely, patients with established coronary heart disease or coronary heart disease risk equivalents should not be prescribed triptans according to the current prescribing recommendations. Patients at intermediate risk (2 or more risk factors) of coronary heart disease require cardiovascular evaluation before triptans can be prescribed. Current understanding suggests that the risk of future acute coronary events is a function of the absolute number of vulnerable plaques present, a variable that cannot be accurately determined using available technology or risk‐prediction models. Cardiovascular risk‐assessment guidelines should be evaluated in the context of this limitation.
A Role for Spectrin in Dynactin‐dependent Melanosome Transport in Xenopus laevis Melanophores
Authors: Aspengren Sara , Wallin Margareta 
Published: May 2004

The bi‐directional movement of pigment granules in frog melanophores involves the microtubule‐based motors cytoplasmic dynein, which is responsible for aggregation, and kinesin II and myosin V, which are required for dispersion of pigment. It was recently shown that dynactin acts as a link between dynein and kinesin II and melanosomes, but it is not fully understood how this is regulated and if more proteins are involved. Here, we suggest that spectrin, which is known to be associated with Golgi vesicles as well as synaptic vesicles in a number of cells, is of importance for melanosome movements in Xenopus laevis melanophores. Large amounts of spectrin were found on melanosomes isolated from both aggregated and dispersed melanophores. Spectrin and two components of the oligomeric dynactin complex, p150glued and Arp1/centractin, co‐localized with melanosomes during aggregation and dispersion, and the proteins were found to interact as determined by co‐immunoprecipitation. Spectrin has been suggested as an important link between cargoes and motor proteins in other cell types, and our new data indicate that spectrin has a role in the specialized melanosome transport processes in frog melanophores, in addition to a more general vesicle transport.
Vasoconstrictively Acting AT1R A1166C and NOS3 4/5 Polymorphisms in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions (RSA)*
Authors: Buchholz Tina , Lohse Peter , Kosian Elke , Thaler Christian J. 
Published: May 2004

Problem:  Inadequate uteroplacental perfusion is one of the main reasons for recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and vasoconstriction affect tissue perfusion. These systems are regulated by different gene products. Polymorphisms can modulate the expression levels of the respective genes and can thereby affect perfusion. Vasoconstriction is influenced by the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and of the angiotensinogen II type 1 receptor (AT1R).Method:  The aim of our study was to investigate, whether two polymorphisms in the AT1R and NOS3 genes shown to result in maternal vasoconstriction are associated with an increased risk for RSA.Results:  Our data indicate that the vasoconstrictively acting genotypes AT1R C/C and NOS3 4/4 are of similar prevalence in RSA patients and in controls.Conclusion:  Results do not show any influence of the polymorphisms studied on early pregnancy development. This is in concordance with the concept of an independent regulation of placental perfusion.
Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor Levels in Amniotic Fluid Before and After the Onset of Labor Do Not Differ in Normal Pregnancies
Authors: Hayashi Masatoshi , Hoshimoto Kazunori , Komine Fumiko , Ohkura Takeyoshi , Inaba Noriyuki 
Published: May 2004

Problem:  Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) promotes placental growth and maintenance. M‐CSF also regulates trophoblast invasion into the placental bed. We evaluated whether M‐CSF levels in amniotic fluid during labor contributing to subsequent delivery differed from those before the onset of labor in normal pregnancies.Method of study:  This study enrolled 48 Japanese women experiencing normal pregnancies with single fetuses who had no infection. Of these pregnancies, 24 were women during labor: 22 led to subsequent term delivery (labors); two had premature delivery. The other 24 were women without labor underwent cesarean section (controls). These two groups (22 labors and 24 controls) were compared. The average gestational age at entry was 38 weeks of gestation. The women's ages and gestational ages did not differ significantly between the two groups. Amniotic fluid was collected and the M‐CSF levels were compared between two groups. The M‐CSF level was determined by the sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results:  The levels of M‐CSF in amniotic fluid did not differ significantly between the women during labor and those without labor.Conclusions:  M‐CSF in amniotic fluid may not contribute to the onset of labor in term pregnancy and/or labor resulting in subsequent delivery may not induce the production and secretion of M‐CSF into amniotic cavity.
Undiagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Cohort of Infertile Women
Authors: Geva Eli , Lerner‐Geva Liat , Burke Michael , Vardinon Nurit , Lessing Joseph B. , Amit Ami 
Published: May 2004

Problem:  Systemic lupus erythematosous (SLE) is a chronic disease with a broad spectrum of clinical and immunological manifestations, therefore, this condition may be frequently misdiagnosed. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed SLE among a cohort of infertile women.Method of study:  Screening was performed using sequential (two stage) testing, which included a self‐completed questionnaire followed by an antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. The Liang screening questionnaire was distributed to 143 consecutive infertile patients, aged 24–42 years (mean, 33.6 ± 4.7 years), who were receiving in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Patients who completed the questionnaire with three or more positive answers, were sent for ANA testing; those who tested positive (≥1:40) were referred to the Clinical Immunology Unit for anti‐double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody test and clinical assessment.Results:  A total of 136 women (95.1%) completed the questionnaire. Thirteen patients (9.6%) answered yes to three or more questions. Of these, five patients (3.7%) were ANA‐positive and two (1.5%) had undiagnosed SLE.Conclusions:  A 1.5% prevalence of undiagnosed SLE was found in our cohort of infertile women. Additional investigations should be performed as to the role of SLE screening in infertile female population; a high‐risk group with regard to ovulation induction treatments.