bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of epilepsy following first unprovoked and acute seizures: Cohort study
Authors: Egesa Isaac J. , Kariuki Symon M. , Kipkoech Collins , Newton Charles R. J. C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveFirst unprovoked seizures and acute seizures are common and can develop into epilepsy. The risk of epilepsy following these seizures in community samples is not well established, and it is unclear whether the probability of subsequent unprovoked seizures following these seizures reaches the International League Against Epilepsy's threshold of 60%.MethodsWe followed participants initially classified as having first unprovoked seizures, having acute seizures, or without seizures in a community‐based survey conducted in 2003 to estimate the subsequent risk of epilepsy in 2008 and 2021. The diagnosis of epilepsy in 2008 and 2021 was based on data from a community survey and health care visits to Kilifi County Hospital and the epilepsy clinic. Poisson regression models were used to compute incident risk ratios (IRRs) for epilepsy and population‐attributable risk (PAR); population‐attributable risk fractions (PAFs) were computed from contingency tables.ResultsIn the 5‐year follow‐up (censored in 2008 survey), the IRR for epilepsy was 23.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.2–38.2) for first unprovoked seizures and 10.4 (95% CI = 5.6–19.5) for acute seizures compared to the no‐seizure group. By 2021 (including 2008), the IRR was 18.4 (95% CI = 11.9–28.5) for first unprovoked seizures and 7.9 (95% CI = 4.3–14.5) for acute seizures compared to the no‐seizure group. The PAR for first unprovoked seizures and acute seizures was 29.0 and 8.0/1000 persons in the long‐term follow‐up. The PAF was 56.3% for first unprovoked seizures and 26.3% for acute seizures in the long‐term follow‐up. There was a high probability that a person with acute seizures (72%) or first unprovoked seizures (92%) developed epilepsy earlier than a person from the comparison group.SignificanceFirst unprovoked seizures and acute seizures are associated with high risk for developing epilepsy. Neurological correlates for epilepsy risk following first unprovoked seizures should be investigated to inform epilepsy diagnosis and treatment.
Mesenteric rents in the ascending mesocolon as a cause of colic — A retrospective case series
Authors: Verhaar N. , Geburek F. , Cuevas Ramos G. , Skov Hansen S. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryThe ventral and dorsal components of the ascending colon are adjoined by the ascending mesocolon, and few case reports have described congenital or acquired malformations of this structure. This case series reports the occurrence of large mesenteric rents of the ascending mesocolon (Hernia mesocolica coli ascendentis) in six adult horses diagnosed during exploratory laparotomy. Based on the history of the patients, the rents were most likely acquired. The rents were mainly located directly adjacent to the left dorsal colon, and without affecting the intestinal blood supply. The size of the defect varied between 20 and 80 cm, and in 5/6 cases it was a subacute or chronic rupture with rounded edges. Two different types of intestinal displacements in relation to the rent were found, with either a localised torsion of the dorsal colon or incarceration of the pelvic flexure in the rent. In all cases, the intestine could be repositioned, and the rent was sutured. Despite some minor postoperative complications, the short‐ and long‐term outcomes were excellent. It was hypothesised that trauma elicited by an intrauterine foal or recurrent colon displacements may have been the cause of the rent in some of the cases.
Correlation between serum YKL‐40 and VILIP 1 levels and brain volume in dementia patients
Authors: Tezen Didem , Koçhan Kızılkılıç Esra , Akkan Suzan Ayşegül , Öz Ahmet , Gulmammadli Nazrin , Arslan Serdar , Kızılkılıç Osman , Konukoğlu Dildar , Demirbilek Veysi , Bozluolçay Melda 
Published: February 2025

AimAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive cognitive disorder characterized by prominent episodic memory impairment. The contribution of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation to this process has been investigated by measuring various substances. Two of the most promising substances in serum and plasma studies are visinin‐like protein 1 (VILIP‐1) and tyrosine (Y), lysine (K), leucine (L)‐40 (YKL‐40). These markers may lead to early diagnosis and new treatment options.MethodsSerum VILIP‐1 and YKL‐40 levels were analyzed in 33 probable AD patients and 23 healthy controls. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for volumetric measurements. The results were compared with the control group and then the correlation analyze between markers and volumetric measurements of the patient group was achieved.ResultsThe right and left hippocampus and amygdala, left medial temporal, right rostral anterior cingulate, total brain, cortex, white matter, gray matter, subcortical gray matter, right and left total cortex volumes of the probable AD group were significantly lower than those of the control group. In the correlation analysis, the YKL‐40 level and left posterior cingulate volume and the VILIP‐1 level and left amygdala volume were negatively correlated.ConclusionsIn AD, there is atrophy of the limbic structures, cortex, and white matter. While the relationship between these regions and neurodegenerative markers remains unclear, our findings highlight a notable correlation between YKL‐40 and VILIP‐1 levels and the left amygdala and left posterior cingulate cortex, respectively. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
Association Between Colleague Violence and the Professional Image of Nursing and Career Decisions Among Nursing Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Kuşlu Sebahat , Karacan Emine , Berşe Soner 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo examine how colleague violence affects professional image and career decisions among nursing students.Design and SettingThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 1, 2023, at two public universities in Turkey.Sample and MethodsAll nursing students who met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily agreed to participate were included without any special sample calculation, and a final sample of 357 students was obtained. Data were collected between February 1 and March 1, 2023. Data were collected using a survey form that included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, as well as three scales: the Exposure to Colleague Violence Scale (ECVS) scale, the Image of Nursing Profession Scale (INPS) scale, and the Career Decision Scale (CDS). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t‐tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression analyses.ResultsThe mean ECVS score was 45.43 (20.80), the mean INPS score was 147.15 (13.51), and the mean CDS score was 79.67 (17.34). A weak negative correlation was found between colleague violence and nursing image, a weak positive correlation between colleague violence and career decision, and a moderate negative correlation between nursing image and career decision.ConclusionThis study highlights the negative impact of exposure to colleague violence on nursing students, affecting both their professional image and career decision‐making. Greater exposure to colleague violence correlates with more negative perceptions of the nursing profession and increased uncertainty in career choices. Implementing targeted interventions to reduce and prevent colleague violence, especially in clinical practice settings, is essential for promoting a positive professional image and supporting informed career decisions among nursing students.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareAddressing and reducing colleague violence among nursing students can enhance their professional image and decision‐making regarding their careers, which, in turn, may lead to improved patient care and more significant long‐term commitment to the nursing profession.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for cross‐sectional studies.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public involvement in this study.
Review Article: Albumin and Its Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Old, the New, and the Future
Authors: Cameron Karla , Nguyen Anke L. , Gibson David J. , Ward Mark G. , Sparrow Miles P. , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCirculating albumin concentrations are frequently measured in clinical practice. This review explores biochemical properties and physiological roles of albumin, its place in nutritional assessment, current understanding of perturbed circulating concentrations, and role in clinical management, with special focus on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsA detailed literature search was performed.ResultsAlbumin is synthesized by hepatocytes and comprises 3% of total body protein. It has a prolonged intravascular half‐life (17–19 h) due to neonatal Fc‐receptor‐mediated salvage and has a multitude of physiological functions. Albumin homeostasis is affected in disease states often resulting in reduced level, which is not a direct marker of malnutrition. In patients with IBD, morbid albumin concentrations provide prognostic information, identification of nonintestinal conditions, guidance to the required aggressiveness of therapy and biologic dosage, monitoring of disease activity, and potential need for therapeutic escalation. Barriers to utilization of morbid albumin levels include the lack of consensus regarding cutoff values and the deficiency of high‐quality data in this domain due to the retrospective design of the majority of studies. Serum levels hold greatest clinical potential in prognostication in acute severe ulcerative colitis. The premorbid level in the individual may provide insight into dosing of biologics and potentially enhance interpretation of morbid levels.ConclusionsUnderstanding the physiology and pathophysiology of albumin is fundamental to interpreting its circulating levels. The clinical value of its measurement in patients with IBD may be undervalued, as it assists in evaluation of disease severity, prognosis, and therapeutic decision‐making.
Analyst Responses to Changes in Credit Risk
Authors: Isabel Abinzano , Pilar Corredor , Beatriz Martinez 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDo analysts adjust their recommendations when a company's credit risk changes? Using an extensive sample of 300,145 observations, covering 3722 US firms from 2000 to 2021, we find that analysts revise their recommendations when a firm's credit risk decreases but not when it increases. This result is consistent with analysts’ optimism bias, as previously identified in the literature. However, we further find that this optimism bias disappears for firms with low information asymmetry or good informativeness. The fact that analysts for these firms have less cognitive bias and greater pressure to make accurate recommendations may explain this result. Our research highlights that analyst disclosures should be treated with caution, especially in firms with poor informational characteristics. A proper understanding of analyst recommendations is critical for the decision‐making processes of investors and companies and calls for better regulations.
The afterlife of CoPED: Entanglements and impacts of a participatory learning field school in Sicily
Authors: Lambert‐Pennington Amanda Katherine 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper critically explores the afterlife of CoPED, an international interdisciplinary participatory action field school in eastern Sicily from 2015 to 2022. Drawing on fieldnotes taken during the program reflection sessions, small group discussions, informal conversations during meals, and post‐CoPED debriefings with community partners, I consider the long‐term impact of the field school on the different types of participants—students and faculty from three Universities and members of Participatory Presidium of the Simeto River Agreement and other residents, as well as what anthropology has contributed to the program. The article briefly outlines the background of CoPED and its pedagogical commitments, pointing to some of the benefits and challenges that CoPED practices create for the community and for participants. Then, I explore the benefits, costs, and pressure points of CoPED, from material to organizational, to training and mentoring. The article concludes with a reflection on the complexities of long‐term field school collaborations to suggest the roles that anthropology can and does play in shaping the participants and the field in this interdisciplinary context.
Characteristics and nutrient profiles of foods and beverages on online food delivery systems
Authors: Chin Jia‐Wen , Loh Wendy Mei Ling , Ooi Yasmin Beng Houi , Khor Ban‐Hock 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecently, there has been an emerging trend of purchasing foods and beverages via online food delivery systems but there is scarce evidence on the healthfulness of these items, particularly in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and nutrient profiles of foods and beverages available via online food delivery systems in Malaysia. This cross‐sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 to identify foods and beverages available on the Grab Food and Foodpanda mobile applications. The healthfulness of selected foods and beverages was determined based on the Food Standards Agency Nutrient Profiling System. The present study included 3729 foods and 1882 beverages. Most of the foods were cereal‐based dishes (37.4%), followed by cereals with protein‐based dishes (12.8%) and meat or poultry‐based dishes (12.0%), while most of the beverages were local handcrafted beverages (27.8%), followed by bubble milk tea (15.0%) and Western handcrafted beverages (14.6%). For protein dishes, deep‐frying or battered‐frying was the most common preparation method (33.8%) while most of the cereal‐based dishes were stir‐fried (76.7%). Out of 23 common foods, 15 foods (65%) were categorised as less healthy based on the nutrient profile score while 19 out of 24 (79%) common beverages were categorised as less healthy. The online food delivery systems feature predominantly local foods and beverages that are less healthy, potentially contributing to the development of an obesogenic environment.
Topical Photodynamic Therapy in a Medical Centre: The Scottish Dermatology Experience
Authors: Chaiyabutr Chayada , Dawe Robert , Lesar Andrea , Ibbotson Sally H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTopical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used in dermatology for treating superficial non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and dysplasia. This study aims to assess real‐world outcomes of PDT in a Scottish dermatology service.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with superficial NMSC and dysplasia who underwent conventional and daylight PDT at the Photobiology Unit, Dundee, Scotland.ResultsA total of 705 patients with 2108 NMSC and precancerous skin lesions underwent conventional PDT. Clearance at 12 months was achieved in 53.4% of actinic keratoses (AK), 71.3% of Bowenoid AK, 86.4% of Bowen's disease (BD), 89.0% of superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 89.7% of nodular BCC. On multivariate analysis, small lesion size and thin histological tumour thickness of superficial BCC were features, which were associated with likelihood of achieving clearance after PDT. Female sex, head/neck sites, larger lesion size, strong pre‐treatment fluorescence intensity, fluorescence specificity, prominent treatment‐induced erythema and an urticarial reaction were associated with moderate to severe pain during PDT. Daylight PDT for 77 AK patients (158 treatments) showed excellent or good outcomes in 63.3% of lesions. Higher visible light exposure is correlated with better treatment outcomes.ConclusionsIn real‐life settings, whilst the PDT response rates of BD and selected BCC are high and consistent with clinical trial outcomes, the efficacy rates for AK appear lower than expected. This emphasizes the need for realistic expectations in chronic disease management. Through review over a prolonged period, factors associated with PDT tolerability and outcomes were identified, allowing predictive utilisation for optimizing patient‐centred PDT regimens.
Clinicopathological study of squamoid morules in nineteen conventional colorectal adenomas
Authors: Perez Dana , Wu Tong , Bhalla Ritu , Fu Zhiyan , Centeno Barbara A. , Ghayouri Masoumeh , Jiang Kun , Lauwers Gregory , Nakanishi Yukihiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSquamoid morules are an intriguing finding rarely seen in colorectal adenomas, mimicking foci of microinvasion or neuroendocrine differentiation. We identified nineteen colorectal adenomas with squamoid morules and collected clinicopathological data. A representative block was chosen for immunohistochemistry. The expression of p40, p63, CK5/6, beta‐catenin, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and Ki‐67 in squamoid morules were examined immunohistochemically. The nineteen patients comprised fifteen males (79%) and four females (21%) ranging in age from 45 to 85 years (average: 59.4 years old). Fourteen adenomas were tubulovillous adenomas (average: 3.4 cm, ranging 1.0 to 6.0 cm) and five were tubular adenomas (average: 2.6 cm, ranging 1.6 to 3.0 cm). All foci of squamoid morules showed beta‐catenin nuclear positivity and CK5/6 expression. Squamoid morules were focally positive for p63 in four adenomas and focally positive for p40 in two adenomas. In two adenomas squamoid morules are focally positive for synaptophysin, and in one adenoma chromogranin was focally positive. In all nineteen adenomas squamoid morules were negative for Ki‐67. Squamoid morules are characterized by strong male predominance, large adenoma size, beta‐catenin nuclear positivity, CK5/6 expression, and no Ki‐67 expression. Beta‐catenin nuclear expression is helpful in distinguishing squamoid morules from foci of microinvasion and neuroendocrine differentiation.
Development of a novel multivariate germination index to quantify seed hydration memory
Authors: Lima A. T. , Almeida T. S. , de Santana D. G. , Meiado M. V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent decades, the concept of memory has gained significant attention in plant ecophysiology research. When memory is expressed during germination, it is referred to as ‘seed hydration memory’. Although numerous metrics relate to different aspects of germination, the literature lacks a method for quantifying seed hydration memory. This study aimed to develop a Germination Memory Index (GMI); a mathematical tool designed to quantify seed memory. The GMI enables comparisons of different native or cultivated species germinating under various conditions following discontinuous hydration.
We tested the GMI using data from an experiment that evaluated germination of Cereus jamacaru seeds subjected to water deficit after undergoing hydration and dehydration cycles (HD cycles). The index is calculated as the arithmetic mean of gains, if any, in germination capacity, expressed as germinability, that is time to reach 50% germination, mean germination rate, uniformity of germination, synchrony and germination uncertainty, obtained from discontinuous hydration of the seeds.
The memory ranges from 0 ≤ GMI ≤1. Gains are observed when HD cycles enhance germination capacity, germination rate and synchrony while reducing time to reach 50% germination, uniformity and uncertainty compared to their reference values. The absence of memory occurs when GMI ≤0, indicating that the germination process is favourable without undergoing HD cycles. When germination only occurs after discontinuous hydration, GMI = 1.
Using the GMI, we can accurately measure gains in germinative behaviour provided by HD cycles, as this index reflects changes not only in germination capacity but also in germination time, speed, uniformity, synchrony and uncertainty.
Monitoring Virulence Phenotypes of Bremia lactucae in South and Southeast Brazil
Authors: da Silva Carvalho Lívia Tálita , Vargas Pablo Forlan , Okuma Izabella Garbeline , Marin Marcus Vinícius , de Mello Prado Renato , da Silva Neto Jorge Moreira , Jacinto Ana Carolina Pires , Castoldi Renata 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) is one of the most important diseases of lettuce, especially in conditions of mild temperatures and high humidity. The great variability of B. lactucae makes the use of genetic control complex, as resistance to different virulence phenotypes requires different resistance factors. Dm (“Downy mildew”) genes or resistance factors, have been widely used in lettuce cultivars, providing a high level of resistance to downy mildew. The objective of this work was to monitor and study the virulence phenotypes of B. lactucae in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. Samples with downy mildew symptoms were collected in the main producing areas of the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. Subsequently, a race differentiation test was carried out by inoculating differentiating cultivars and observing the pathogen's response, and a sextet code was assigned to each isolate according to its virulence phenotype (EU‐C). Frequency (%), virulence complexity index by isolate and by phenotype, and Gleason index were calculated. A total of 117 isolates were evaluated and 61 virulence phenotypes were identified. The sextet code 31‐00‐00 was the most frequent and could be used for the evaluation of resistant cultivars in the states of the south and southeast regions of Brazil. The resistance factor of lettuce cultivar Balesta provided resistance to all evaluated isolates, while RYZ2164 was resistant to all isolates except those from Paraná. Additionally, Kibrille conferred resistance to isolates from Santa Catarina.
Media Attributions and Public's Responses to Russia–Ukraine War: The Role of Emotions Toward Nation and Individuals
Authors: Kim Young‐eun , Kim Kayoung , Hwang Yoori , Jeong Se‐Hoon 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveBased on Weiner's attribution model, this research examined how attributions regarding an international conflict (e.g., Russia‐Ukraine war) lead to the public's responses (e.g., helping vs. punishment), mediated by their emotions toward nations (e.g., Russia vs. Ukraine) and individuals (e.g., Russians vs. Ukrainians).MethodsIn Study 1, we conducted a content analysis of 253 news articles about Russia‐Ukraine war that were published in Korea. In Study 2, we conducted a survey of 400 Korean adults regarding their attributions and responses to Russia and Ukraine.ResultsStudy 1 showed that the Korean news media attributed more responsibility to Russia and less responsibility to Ukraine. Study 2 found that greater attributions of Russia responsibility increased willingness to punish the nation, mediated by anger toward Russia as a nation but not toward Russian individuals. In addition, results showed that the lower attributions of Ukraine responsibility increased willingness to help the nation, mediated by sympathy toward Ukrainian individuals, and also anger toward Russia as a nation.ConclusionThis study extends existing theory by (a) incorporating intermedia agenda setting at the international level (Study 1) and (b) including emotions toward the nation as well as individuals in attributions (Study 2).