bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic factors and COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Umbria region: a population-based study
Authors: de Waure C , Primieri C , Chiavarini M , Giacchetta I , Bietta C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The study of factors associated with vaccination uptake at population level is of great relevance to inform decision making. It is well known that several factors, might be linked to vaccine hesitancy and therefore final vaccine uptake. Nevertheless, contextual factors might be known querying available databases. This study is aimed to investigate the role of these factors, in particular socio-demographic ones, in COVID-19 vaccination initiation and completion.

Methods
A population-based study was conducted on the overall Umbrian resident population registered to the Regional Healthcare Service as of February 28th 2021 (N = 866,678), excluding children under 5 years of age and those who obtained a certificate of COVID-19 vaccination exemption or were not alive at the date of endpoints assessment. The uptake of at least one dose and the completion of primary vaccination cycle was analyses as of February 28th 2022. The following socio-demographic characteristics were investigated as potential associated factors: sex, age, citizenship (Italian vs not-Italian), exemption for chronic condition/disability, holding a general practitioner (GP) or a family pediatrician (FP) and Deprivation Area Index based on education, unemployment, non-home ownership, one parent family and overcrowding.

Results
Considering eligible populations, people who did not initiate and complete vaccination were 11.8% and 1.2% respectively. The same factors were found to be associated to both endpoints: being female, younger, and not-Italian citizen, not holding an exemption for chronic disease/disability and a GP/FP and leaving in a most deprived area. The associations were stronger in respect to vaccination initiation.

Discussion
The results of this study, which is representative of the whole population of an Italian region and not based on survey data, confirm the available evidence and add knowledge on COVID-19 vaccination uptake that might serve to inform future vaccination campaigns

Key messages
• This population-based study shows that there are socio-demographic differences in COVID-19 vaccination uptake in term of both initiation and completion of full primary vaccination cycle.
• Socio-demographic differences in vaccination uptake can be addressed in future vaccination campaigns using the information available from population-based databases.
Trend in HPV-related hospitalization in years 2015-21 in a Southern Italian Region
Authors: Di Martino G , Cedrone F , Di Giovanni P , Trebbi E , Tognaccini L , Romano F , Staniscia T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections in the general population. Genotypes are classified into two main class, high-risk and low-risk genotypes, according to their capacity to induce cancers. The low-risk class (types 6-11) is associated to anal and genital lesions. The high-risk is responsible for up to 4.5% of all new cancer cases yearly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of HPV-related hospitalizations and its trend in a Southern Italian Region in years 2015-2021.

Methods
It was a retrospective study performed in Abruzzo Region, Italy. All admissions performed during years 2015-2021 were extracted from the hospital discharge record. The study included genital warts, head-neck cancers, anal cancers, cervical cancers, genitourinary cancers and penile cancers. Annual hospitalization rates for each HPV-related disease were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants using the related attributable fractions. The Joinpoint model was used to evaluate the time trends of standardized rates and the average annual percent change (APC).

Results
During study period, totally 5492 HPV-related admissions were performed. The great part was related to cervical cancer (3386 cases) and to genital warts (638 cases). The great reduction was reported among genital warts, decreased from 8.5 admissions in 2015 to 5.9/100,000 in 2021 with APC of -8.03 (95%CI -11.91 - -0.33). The other most important reduction was referred to anal cancer (APC -4.79, 95%CI -16.91 -6.43) and genitourinary cancers (APC -3.72, 95%CI -11.21-7.20). Considering the first year of pandemic (year 2020), the great part of considered diseases reported a decrease, particularly among cervical cancer (PC -10.8 from 2019 to 2020).

Conclusions
HPV-related hospitalizations decrease in Abruzzo during study period. These results could be useful to policy maker in improving vaccination coverage and screening adherence.

Key messages
• HPV-related hospitalizations represent a heavy burden for healthcare services.
• During years 2015-21, a decrease in HPV-related hospitalizations was observed.
Enhanced glacial earthquake catalogues with supervised machine learning for more comprehensive analysis
Authors: Pirot Emilie , Hibert Clément , Mangeney Anne 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
Polar regions and Greenland in particular are highly sensitive to global warming. Impacts on Greenland’s glaciers may be observed through the increasing number of calving events. However, a direct assessment of the calving activity is limited due to the remoteness of polar regions and the cloudy weather which makes impossible a recurrent observation through satellite imagery. To tackle this issue, we exploit the seismological network deployed in Greenland which actively records seismic signals associated with calving events, hereinafter referred to as glacial earthquakes. These seismic signals present a broad frequency range and a wide diversity of waveform which make them difficult to discriminate from tectonic events as well as anthropogenic and natural noises. In this study, we start from two catalogues of known events, one for glacial earthquake events which occurred between 1993 and 2013 and one for earthquakes which occurred in the same time period, and we implement a detection algorithm based on the STA/LTA method to extract signals’ events from continuous data. Then, we train and test a machine learning processing chain based on the Random Forest algorithm which allows us to automatically associate the events respectively with calving and tectonic activity, with a certain probability. Finally, we investigate 844 selected days spanning time of continuous data from the Greenland regional seismic network which results in a new, more exhaustive, catalogue of glacial earthquakes expanded of 1633 newly detected glacial events. Moreover, we extensively discuss the choice of the features used to describe glacial earthquakes, in particular the 39 new features created in this study which have drastically improved our results with 7 of the 10 best features being in the added set. The perspective of further expansion of the glacial earthquake catalogue applying the processing chain discussed in this paper on different time spans highlights how combining seismology and machine learning can increase our understanding of the spatio-temporal evolution of calving activity in remote regions.
Spectral induced polarization responses of carbonate precipitation in gel-saturated media with and without electron conductors
Authors: Garcia Alejandro , Asenath-Smith Emily , Glaser Dan R , Slater Lee 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
Interest in the use of carbonate precipitation for the purposes of soil stabilization, carbon capture and environmental remediation has created a need for geophysical techniques capable of characterizing the 3-D extent of precipitation in the subsurface. The use of spectral induced polarization, a geophysical technique sensitive to mineral precipitation and dissolution processes, has been investigated in previous studies; nevertheless, debate still exists regarding measured induced polarization (IP) signals relating to the formation of calcite. In this study, calcite was precipitated within gel-saturated media through highly controlled double-diffusion methods. Three experiments were conducted to study both the inherent IP response of calcite in isolation, as well as the IP response when precipitated within a low-polarizability background medium (quartz sand) and a high-polarizability medium (a sand–magnetite mixture). The results support that in isolation, the polarization of the electrical double layer surrounding individual calcite grains is not a significant contributor to IP signatures from calcite precipitation. However, under certain circumstances the precipitation of calcite, in the quartz-sand and sand–magnetite mixtures, can produce a strong IP response when the precipitation blocks a current conduction pathway. If metallic mineral grains are present then they may act as conduits for current if they become embedded in an insulating calcite wall, creating a significant electrode polarization which dominates the IP signal. Equivalent circuit models indicate that the precipitation of calcite as a thin planar front normal to the current path is analogous to a simple lossy capacitor blocking most DC current but being thin enough to measurably polarize. Circuit models also suggest that the total impedance seen from the sand–magnetite sample is simply the sum of the impedance of the disseminated grains and the grains encased in the calcite front. The encased grains also have a higher relaxation time which may indicate a different polarization mechanism than from disseminated magnetite.
Seismoelectric response of 2-D elastic/poroelastic coupled media: a phenomenological approach
Authors: Bucher F , Monachesi L B , Castromán G A , Zyserman F I 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
In this paper, we address the study of the seismoelectric response of an elastic medium in contact with a poroelastic half-space. In particular, we advance in the understanding of the generation mechanism of the interface response (IR) and the evanescent electromagnetic (EM) fields occurring at the contact between both media, by proposing a seismoelectric phenomenological model (SPM). Essentially, the model consists of a sequence of electric dipoles that are activated successively, simulating the seismic-to-EM energy conversion taking place with the arrival of a seismic wave at the interface separating the media. We obtained SPM responses for different scenarios and acquisition configurations and compared them with responses computed using a code based on the finite-elements method, which solves the seismoelectric equations in the compressional P and vertical shear SV waves coupled with the transverse-magnetic (TM) fields (PSVTM) mode. The SPM successfully represents not only the evanescent wave but also the IR within the elastic medium. In particular, we show that the SPM is able to faithfully reproduce the relative amplitudes of both events and their radiation patterns with a minimum computational cost. In this way, it provides a novel insight in the study of the physical phenomenon behind the seismoelectric conversions.
Enhancedb-value time-series calculation method using data-driven approach
Authors: Yin Fengling , Jiang Changsheng 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYThe temporal evolution analysis of b-value of the magnitude–frequency distribution (MFD) is essential for seismic risk analysis. However, ensuring the accuracy and rationality of these analyses depends on various factors, including data quality, data selection and the appropriate computation period partitioning. This study extends the data-driven b-value time-series calculation method, TbDD-BIC, by exploring different model selection techniques. To evaluate the method's effectiveness, we conducted assessments using both synthetic earthquake catalogues and actual seismic data. Our results indicate that selecting a proportion of optimal models (e.g. 5 per cent of the total number of models) using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and computing the ensemble median yields accurate b0-values of the synthetic earthquake catalogue. This proposed method offers objective calculation rules and precise identification of abrupt b-value changes, enhancing seismicity simulation and seismic hazard analysis.
Human enteroids as a tool to study conventional and ultra-high dose rate radiation
Authors: Klett Katarina C , Martin-Villa Briana C , Villarreal Victoria S , Melemenidis Stavros , Viswanathan Vignesh , Manjappa Rakesh , Ashraf M Ramish , Soto Luis , Lau Brianna , Dutt Suparna , Rankin Erinn B , Loo Billy W , Heilshorn Sarah C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Radiation therapy, one of the most effective therapies to treat cancer, is highly toxic to healthy tissue. The delivery of radiation at ultra-high dose rates, FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH), has been shown to maintain therapeutic anti-tumor efficacy while sparing normal tissues compared to conventional dose rate irradiation (CONV). Though promising, these studies have been limited mainly to murine models. Here, we leveraged enteroids, three-dimensional cell clusters that mimic the intestine, to study human-specific tissue response to radiation. We observed enteroids have a greater colony growth potential following FLASH compared with CONV. In addition, the enteroids that reformed following FLASH more frequently exhibited proper intestinal polarity. While we did not observe differences in enteroid damage across groups, we did see distinct transcriptomic changes. Specifically, the FLASH enteroids upregulated the expression of genes associated with the WNT-family, cell-cell adhesion, and hypoxia response. These studies validate human enteroids as a model to investigate FLASH and provide further evidence supporting clinical study of this therapy.
Insight Box Promising work has been done to demonstrate the potential of ultra-high dose rate radiation (FLASH) to ablate cancerous tissue, while preserving healthy tissue. While encouraging, these findings have been primarily observed using pre-clinical murine and traditional two-dimensional cell culture. This study validates the use of human enteroids as a tool to investigate human-specific tissue response to FLASH. Specifically, the work described demonstrates the ability of enteroids to recapitulate previous in vivo findings, while also providing a lens through which to probe cellular and molecular-level responses to FLASH. The human enteroids described herein offer a powerful model that can be used to probe the underlying mechanisms of FLASH in future studies.
Dietary Betaine improves the intestinal health and growth performance of heat-stressed growing rabbits in summer
Authors: Chen Xiang , Li Zimei , Pu Junning , Cai Jingyi , Zhao Hua , Jia Gang , Liu Guangmang , Tian Gang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to explore how various amounts of Bet affect growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal health of growing rabbits under high-temperature environment in summer. A total of 150 healthy 35-d-old weaned QiXing meat rabbits (Germany White rabbit × Sichuan White rabbit) were individually assigned to five treatments, each with 30 replicates and one rabbit per replicate. The control group was fed with basal diet, while the experimental group received a basal diet supplemented with 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g Bet/kg diet, respectively. During the whole experimental stage, all animals can eat and drink freely, and they were kept in the rabbit house with an average daily temperature of 30.11 ± 0.5 ℃ and a relative humidity of 71.02 ± 5.07%. The results showed that dietary supplementation with 1.5 g/kg Bet increased average daily gain and decreased feed to gain ratio from days 1 to 42 as compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05), adding 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg Bet increased average daily gain and average daily feed intake from days 22 to 42 (P &lt; 0.05), and increased the nutritional digestibility of acid detergent fiber (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg Bet reduced d-lactate content and diamine oxidase activity in the serum (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to the control group, supplementation of 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg Bet improved glutathione peroxidase activities in the duodenum and ileum, adding 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg Bet decreased malonaldehyde content in the duodenum and jejunum (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the supplement of 1.5 and 2.0 g/kg Bet upregulated JAM-2 and IL-10 levels in the jejunum (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with Bet in the diet improves the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of growing rabbits under high-temperature environments, and the 1.5 g Bet/kg diet group has the best effect.
Motherhood and the Gender Productivity Gap
Authors: Gallen Yana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Using Danish matched employer–employee data, I compare the relative pay of men and women to their relative productivity as measured by production function estimation. I find that the gender “productivity gap” is 8%, implying that almost two thirds of the residual gender wage gap is due to productivity differences between men and women. Motherhood plays an important role, yet it also reveals a puzzle: The pay gap for mothers is entirely explained by productivity, whereas the gap for non-mothers is not. In addition, the decoupling of pay and productivity for women without children happens during their prime-child bearing years. These estimates are robust to a variety of specifications for the impact of observables on productivity, and robust to accounting for endogenous sorting of women into less productive firms using a control-function approach. This paper also provides estimates of the productivity gap across industries and occupations, finding the same general patterns for mothers compared to women without children within these subgroups.
UN Accountability Mandates in International Justice
Authors: D’Alessandra Federica 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article discusses an important international justice development, and specifically the rise of a new generation of ‘accountability mandates’ at the United Nations (UN). Often created in response to mass atrocities alleged in country situations falling outside of the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction, UN accountability mandates are generally tasked to collect, consolidate, preserve, and analyse evidence of international law violations, prepare files, and preserve such evidence until it can be made available to support legal accountability proceedings, including as relevant of the criminal nature. Through such investigative and evidence preservation responsibilities, UN accountability mandates can help fill important impunity gaps by helping to collate information generated by a variety of sources, including civil society documenters, and by laying the groundwork for judicial authorities. Within this broad categorization, however, UN accountability mandates are not a monolith and exist along a spectrum based on the strength of any accountability requirements they contain — including whether they are explicitly mandated to follow criminal justice standards — and their general institutional and operational setup. The investigative mechanisms created for Syria, Myanmar and Daesh/ISIL are specifically tasked to fulfil ‘pre-prosecutorial’ functions and enjoy greater resources and independence than other, less resourced and more ‘hybrid’ mandates — expected to simultaneously fulfil the role of more traditional human rights investigations, while also supporting legal accountability. All, however, play a crucial role within the broader international justice ecosystem, while sharing common challenges that this article submits would be best addressed by permanently centralizing a variety of investigative support functions, to be administered by a dedicated, permanent, standing investigative entity. The article will first provide an overview of how and why UN accountability mandates have evolved over the past decade, and of the important role they have come to play. It will then turn to discussing the case and proposed models for a standing, permanent UN accountability mandate to support future investigations. After providing a comparative analysis of the possible alternatives, the article will conclude with some recommendations and ideas for the way forward.
Patient Expertise and Medical Authority: Epistemic Implications for the Provider–Patient Relationship
Authors: Watson Jamie Carlin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe provider–patient relationship is typically regarded as an expert-to-novice relationship, and with good reason. Providers have extensive education and experience that have developed in them the competence to treat conditions better and with fewer harms than anyone else. However, some researchers argue that many patients with long-term conditions (LTCs), such as arthritis and chronic pain, have become “experts” at managing their LTC. Unfortunately, there is no generally agreed-upon conception of “patient expertise” or what it implies for the provider–patient relationship. I review three prominent accounts of patient expertise and argue that all face serious objections. I contend, however, that a plausible account of patient expertise is available and that it provides a framework both for further empirical studies and for enhancing the provider–patient relationship.
Submucosal dissection to close wide cleft palate with folded mucoperiosteum for bilateral cleft lip and palate with popliteal pterygium syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Shinji , Yabuki Yuichiro , Sugiyama Madoka , Hirakawa Takashi , Kurosawa Kenji 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Characteristic features of popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) associated with the craniofacial region include cleft palate, syngnathia, and difficulty with reconstruction. We developed a new procedure of submucosal dissection with periosteotomy to close the folded mucosa in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients with PPS. This technique could be applicable for patients with wide cleft palate.
Intestinal obstruction, obturator hernia, and/or colonic neoplasms: a case study
Authors: Jin Zhaofang , Lai Jianjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Occlusive hernias are rare and difficult to diagnose. We present an extraordinary case of simultaneous occurrence of an obturator hernia with colon cancer. An 86-year-old woman arrived at the hospital after ˃2 weeks of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. The computed tomography axis map showed that part of the right lower abdominal small intestine had intruded into the femoral triangle through the obturator, which was diagnosed as an obturator hernia. When the abdominal cavity was opened for herniorrhaphy, a 4 × 4 cm colon mass was observed. Only herniorrhaphy was performed, without any complications. At present, there has been no report of the coexistence of occlusive hernia and colon cancer; the main symptoms are intestinal obstruction, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. The decision whether the tumor should be removed simultaneously with herniorrhaphy and/or a mesh patch.