bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genesis of column sprites: formation mechanisms and optical structures
Authors: Marskar R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sprite discharges are electrical discharges that initiate from the lower ionosphere during intense lightning storms, manifesting themselves optically as flashes of light that last a few milliseconds. This study unravels sprite initiation mechanisms and evolution into distinctive morphologies like glows and beads, using direct 3D numerical simulations that capture the intricate electrical discharge processes. We clarify various morphological aspects of sprites such as the halo dynamics, column glows, branching, streamer reconnection, and bead formation. The results advance our understanding of sprites and their connection to thunderstorm dynamics, and puts quantitative analysis of their effect on Earth’s climate within reach.
Full-radius integrated modelling of ASDEX Upgrade L-modes including impurity transport and radiation
Authors: Fajardo D. , Angioni C. , Dux R. , Fable E. , Plank U. , Samoylov O. , Tardini G. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An integrated framework that demonstrates multi-species, multi-channel modelling capabilities for the prediction of impurity density profiles and their feedback on the main plasma through radiative cooling and fuel dilution is presented. It combines all presently known theoretical elements in the local description of quasilinear turbulent and neoclassical impurity transport, using the models TGLF-SAT2 and FACIT. These are coupled to the STRAHL code for impurity sources and radiation inside the ASTRA transport solver. The workflow is shown to reproduce experimental results in full-radius L-mode modelling. In particular, a set of ASDEX Upgrade L-modes with differing heating power mixtures and plasma currents are simulated, including boron (B) and tungsten (W) as intrinsic impurities. The increase of predicted confinement with higher current and the reduction of core W peaking with higher central wave heating are demonstrated. Furthermore, a highly radiative L-mode scenario featuring an X-point radiator (XPR) with two intrinsic (B, W) and one seeded argon (Ar) species is simulated, and its measured radiated power and high confinement are recovered by the modelling. The stabilizing effect of impurities on turbulence is analysed and a simple model for the peripheral X-point radiation is introduced. A preliminary full-radius simulation of an H-mode phase of this same discharge, leveraging recent work on the role of the E×B shearing at the edge, shows promising results.
A challenge and solution for automatic thin slice thickness measurements on images of the Catphan phantom
Authors: Anam Choirul , Amilia Riska , Naufal Ariij , Sutanto Heri , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose. The use of the Hough transform for angle detection is quite accurate for relatively wide slice thickness. However, the Hough transform fails to accurately detect the angle for thin slice thickness. This study proposes a method for automatically measuring the thickness of thin slices on images of a Catphan phantom. Methods. In the proposed method, the angle of the phantom’s orientation was determined based on the relative coordinates of the four hole objects in the phantom. After the angles of the wires were determined, the profiles of pixel values across the wire objects were constructed. Finally, their full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) were determined and multiplied by tan 23° to obtain the slice thicknesses of the images. The results of the proposed method were compared to a previous method, which used the Hough transform to obtain the phantom’s orientation. We used slice thicknesses ranging from 0.8 mm to 5.0 mm, and phantom angles from 0° to 10°. Results. Our proposed method detected the angle of the phantom accurately for thin slices, whereas a previous method did not accurately detect the angle. The results of the slice thickness using this current method were slightly higher (within 7.9%) compared to the previous method. However, the results of the two methods did not differ significantly (p-value > 0.05). Using different angles, the current method detected all the angles more accurately. Again, the slice thicknesses were not significantly different from the previous method (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion. The proposed method for measuring the thickness of thin slices in an image of a Catphan phantom, based on the relative coordinates of the four hole objects in the phantom, outperformed a previous method based on the Hough transform.
Research on vibration characteristics of a straddle-type station induced by moving trains
Authors: Lu Huaxi , Zhu Jun , Zhou Ling 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The novelty of straddle-type railway stations as a modern railway infrastructure necessitates thoroughly examining their vibration behavior under high-speed train-induced vibrations. This study focuses on Shangrao station, the inaugural straddle-type high-speed railway station in China, to investigate its vibration properties induced by high-speed trains. A comprehensive finite element model is developed and validated against empirical data to ensure accuracy. The vibration response and propagation patterns induced by railway operations are extensively studied under diverse operational conditions. The results illustrate that the peak acceleration in the vertical (Z) direction significantly exceeds that in the horizontal (X and Y) directions in most test cases. Moreover, under consistent train speed and axle load, the multiple parallel traffic scenario results in higher peak accelerations in all directions compared to the grade separation traffic scenario. Additionally, a positive correlation exists between the railway platform’s maximum amplitude, corresponding frequency, and train speed. Furthermore, increased train axle load leads to higher peak accelerations in the station building. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for the predictive modeling and design of high-speed straddle-type railway stations, providing essential technical support for future station projects.
Automatic label curation from large-scale text corpus
Authors: Avasthi Sandhya , Chauhan Ritu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The topic modeling technique extracts themes based on their probabilistic measurements from any large-scale text collection. Even though topic modeling pulls out the most important phrases that describe latent themes in text collections, a suitable label has yet to be found. Interpreting the topics extracted from a text corpus and identifying a suitable label automatically reduces the cognitive load for the analyst. Extractive methods are used typically to select a label from a given candidate set, based on probability metrics for each candidate set. Some of the existing approaches use phrases, words, and images to generate labels using frequency counts of different words in the text. The paper proposes a method to generate labels automatically to represent each topic based on a labeling strategy to filter candidate labels and then apply sequence-to-sequence labelers. The objective of the method is to get a meaningful label for the result of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm. The BERTScore metric is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method generates good interpretative labels as compared to baseline models for topic words or terms automatically. The comparison with the label generated through ChatGPT API shows the quality of the generated label with the experiment performed on Four Datasets NIPS, Kindle, PUBMED, and CORD-19.
A review on wear failure of hydraulic components: existing problems and possible solutions
Authors: Sharma Anubhav Kumar , Kumar Niranjan , Das Alok Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article comprehensively reviews the causes of wear of hydraulic components used in hydro-static transmission systems and their remedies by thermal coating processes. The wear of critical components of the hydraulic pump and motors, hydraulic valves, etc, is mainly due to abrasion, erosion, and cavitation. The most commonly found modes of wear in hydraulic components are contamination and abrasion wear. Such wear arresting can be done by using the surface coating and texturing of materials over the wear zones of the damaged parts. This article discusses the causes of wear in hydraulic components and suggests various solutions to reduce such wear. Recent challenges associated with the proposed solution for wear arresting and future scopes are identified in this review. In the end, some novel techniques for the treatment of wear in hydraulic components, such as laser beam treatment, plasma, Tungsten inert gas arc, and Electric discharge coating, have been discussed, which is the potential future work for enhancing the useful life of hydraulic components. These surface treatment methodologies can be applied to alter the surfaces of crucial hydraulic components that experience considerable wear, as seen in hydraulic pumps, valves, and other elements such as hydraulic cylinders.
Vibration analysis of active composite structures embedded with long and short shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers
Authors: Bhaskar Jitendra , Gupta Vivek , Sharma Arun Kumar , Bhattacharya Bishakh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The shape memory effect (SME) is a source of internal compressive stresses that modify the vibration behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) embedded composite structures. Generally, long fibers are used due to their suitability for activating SMA using resistive heating. Longer SMA fibers embedded in composite structures have their limitations in design and manufacturing. Minimal research work has been done on tuning the vibration behavior of composite structures embedded with short SMA fibers. In this research paper, an analytical model for evaluating the natural frequencies of an SMA embedded composite beam has been proposed. Effects of various design parameters for long (continuous) and short (discontinuous) SMA fibers embedded in composites have been investigated. It was observed that short SMA fibers with a higher aspect ratio can tune their frequencies similarly to long SMA fiber composites and are more effective in thicker beams. Matrix material with negative coefficient thermal expansion is more suitable for embedding SMA for modifying natural frequency in active mode.
Fault diagnosis of tooth surface spalling based on variational mode decomposition and maximum correlation kurtosis method
Authors: Liu Zhengyu , Cheng Zhenbang , Xiong Yangshou 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As the early fault features of tooth surface spalling are very weak and difficult to extract because of random noise and other types of signal interference, a method that combines maximum correlation kurtosis uncoiling and variational mode decomposition is proposed herein. First, a series of modes are obtained by variational mode decomposition, and the kurtosis criterion is applied to select the modes containing rich fault information for reconstruction and noise reduction. Second, the maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution method is used to enhance the selected signals. Finally, the fault features are extracted by envelope demodulation of the reconstructed signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by analysis, and the different frequency components of the vibration signals of tooth surface spalling faults are shown to be separated accurately.
Four port MIMO antenna for IoT applications in public safety band and sub-6 GHz TDD 5G band
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Prakash Ved , Padhy Suresh Chandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) antenna specifically developed for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications in Public Safety 4.9 GHz (4940–4990 MHz) band and Sub-6 GHz TDD 5G band (4800–4990 MHz). The proposed MIMO antenna consists of Koch fractal element, and it is introduced in four port configuration. HFSS is used to design, analyze, and optimize the performance parameters of the introduced MIMO antenna. To achieve optimum performance in terms of isolation, initially all two radiating elements of 1 × 2 MIMO configuration with varying orientations have been evaluated, which are positioned on top of a cost-effective FR4 substrate. Later on 2 × 2 and 1 × 4 MIMO configurations are evaluated; and 1 × 4 configuration is fabricated and tested in lab for the verification of simulated results. The MIMO antenna demonstrates resonance at 4.97 GHz, offering a bandwidth of 320 MHz (4795–5115 MHz). It exhibits excellent performance with Envelope Correlation Coefficient (EC-C) < 0.4, Diversity Gain (D-G) > 9.8, Mean Effective Gain (ME-G) < 3 dB, Total Active Refection Coefficient (TAR-C) < −14 dB, Channel Capacity Loss (CC-L) < 0.4 bits/s/Hz, and Isolation < −20 dB across the entire operating frequency range. The proposed MIMO antenna has a maximum gain of 1.2 dBi and radiation efficiency (η) of 80%. This proposed antenna offers several advantages over traditional ones, including high efficiency (η), low CC-L, and significant isolation, even without the use of special techniques to achieve isolation.
Silver-doped graphite oxide composites used as antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Tatumella terrea evaluated by direct TLC bioautography
Authors: Chavez-Esquivel G , Cervantes-Cuevas H , Cortes-Cordova D E , Estrada de los Santos P , Huerta Arcos L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Silver-doped graphite oxide composites presented mixed Ag and Ag2O crystalline phases accompanied by C/O and ID/IG average ratios of 2.13 and 1.16, associated with a good oxidation degree and high structural disorder or defects in the carbon material, respectively. The low-silver-doped GrO composite showed homogenous silver particle dispersion and a low particle size distribution (96 nm). However, high-silver-doped GrO composites generated materials with high relative crystallinity, silver particle agglomeration, and Ag metal phase promotion. At 3 and 5 mg ml−1 per chromatographic plate, the silver-doped graphite oxide composites were tested by direct TLC bioautography against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Tatumella terrea microorganisms, where the minimum inhibitory concentration was 3 mg ml−1 per chromatographic plate. At 3.0 mg ml−1 per chromatographic plate, high-silver-doped GrO composites exhibited a 39%, 3.2-fold, and 83% higher retention factor (R

f
) compared with the composites with low-silver-doped GrO composites against S. aureus, E. coli, and T. terra microorganisms, respectively. However, both composites showed similar inhibition capacities at 5.0 mg ml−1 per chromatographic plate against the three microorganisms. This behavior may be associated with both composites reaching the threshold limit. In general, the silver acetate amount used in the silver-doped GrO composites influenced the dispersion, crystalline phase promotion, particle size distribution, and the silver particle release capacity, which modified the electrostatic adsorption type between the composites and the bacterial cell walls.
HIV, HIV-Specific Factors, and Myocardial Disease in Women
Authors: Kato Yoko , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Naveed Mahim , Shitole Sanyog G , Peng Qi , Levsky Jeffrey M , Haramati Linda B , Ordovas Karen , Noworolski Susan M , Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Ryung S , Lazar Jason M , Anastos Kathryn , Tien Phyllis C , Kaplan Robert C , Lima Joao A C , Kizer Jorge R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has documented higher myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis in PWH, but studies have mostly relied on healthy volunteers as comparators and focused on men.

Methods
We investigated the associations of HIV and HIV-specific factors with CMR phenotypes in female participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study's New York and San Francisco sites. Primary phenotypes included myocardial native (n) T1 (fibro-inflammation), extracellular volume fraction (fibrosis), and triglyceride content (steatosis). Associations were evaluated with multivariable linear regression, and results pooled or meta-analyzed across centers.

Results
Among 261 women with HIV (WWH, N = 362), 76.2% had undetectable viremia at CMR. For the 82.8% receiving continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the preceding 5 years, adherence was 51.7%, and 69.4% failed to achieve persistent viral suppression (40.7% with peak viral load &lt;200 cp/mL). Overall, WWH showed higher nT1 than women without HIV after full adjustment. This higher nT1 was more pronounced in those with antecedent or current viremia or nadir CD4+ count &lt;200 cells/μL, with the latter also associated with higher extracellular volume fraction. WWH and current CD4+ count &lt;200 cells/μL had less cardiomyocyte steatosis. Cumulative exposure to specific ART showed no associations.

Conclusions
Compared with sociodemographically similar women without HIV, WWH on ART exhibit higher myocardial fibro-inflammation, which is more prominent with unsuppressed viremia or CD4+ lymphopenia. These findings support the importance of improved ART adherence strategies, along with better understanding of latent infection, to mitigate cardiac end-organ damage in this population.
The Phospholipid Flippase ATP8B1 is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis via Establishment of Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: Koelink Pim J , Gómez-Mellado Valentina E , Duijst Suzanne , van Roest Manon , Meisner Sander , Ho-Mok Kam S , Frank Sabrina , Appelman Babette S , Bloemendaal Lysbeth ten , Vogel Georg F , van de Graaf Stan F J , Bosma Piter J , Oude Elferink Ronald P J , Wildenberg Manon E , Paulusma Coen C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Patients with mutations in ATP8B1 develop progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 [PFIC1], a severe liver disease that requires life-saving liver transplantation. PFIC1 patients also present with gastrointestinal problems, including intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea, which are aggravated after liver transplantation. Here we investigate the intestinal function of ATP8B1 in relation to inflammatory bowel diseases.

Methods
ATP8B1 expression was investigated in intestinal samples of patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC] as well as in murine models of intestinal inflammation. Colitis was induced in ATP8B1-deficient mice with dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] and intestinal permeability was investigated. Epithelial barrier function was assessed in ATP8B1 knockdown Caco2-BBE cells. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were performed in Caco2-BBE cells overexpressing ATP8B1-eGFP. Expression and localization of ATP8B1 and tight junction proteins were investigated in cells and in biopsies of UC and PFIC1 patients.

Results
ATP8B1 expression was decreased in UC and DSS-treated mice, and was associated with a decreased tight junctional pathway transcriptional programme. ATP8B1-deficient mice were extremely sensitive to DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by increased intestinal barrier leakage. ATP8B1 knockdown cells showed delayed barrier establishment that affected Claudin-4 [CLDN4] levels and localization. CLDN4 immunohistochemistry showed a tight junctional staining in control tissue, whereas in UC and intestinal PFIC1 samples, CLDN4 was not properly localized.

Conclusion
ATP8B1 is important in the establishment of the intestinal barrier. Downregulation of ATP8B1 levels in UC, and subsequent altered localization of tight junctional proteins, including CLDN4, might therefore be an important mechanism in UC pathophysiology.
Mesh size effect on finite source inversion with 3-D finite-element modelling
Authors: Kim Minsu , So Byung-Dal , Kim SatByul , Jo Taehwan , Chang Sung-Joon 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Three-dimensional finite-element models, which can handle the stress perturbations caused by subsurface mechanical heterogeneities and fault interactions, have been combined with the finite source inversion to estimate the coseismic slip distribution over the fault plane. However, the mesh grid for discretizing the governing equations in the finite-element model significantly affects the numerical accuracy. In this study, we performed kinematic finite source inversion with idealized (regular observation point array; M1A–M1D) and regional (GEONET, GPS Earthquake Observation Network System stations in Japan; M2A–M2H) models with different mesh sizes to quantitatively analyse the effect of the mesh grid size around the fault plane on the inverted fault slip distribution. Synthetic observation data vectors obtained from the finest models (M1A and M2A) are compared with those from the coarser models (M1B–M1D and M2B–M2H), which were adopted to construct Green's function matrix. We found that the coarser mesh models derived a smaller surface displacement, leading to a decrease in the norm of Green's function matrix, which in turn influences the fault slip magnitude from the finite source inversion. Finally, we performed the source inversion for the fault slip distribution of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku–Oki earthquake using the coseismic surface displacements recorded at the GEONET and seafloor stations and finite-element modelling. By reducing the mesh size on the fault, we confirmed that the estimated magnitude of fault slip converged to approximately 80 m, which is consistent with the range of fault slip amounts from previous studies based on the Okada model. At least 0.88 million total domain elements and a 6.7 km2 mesh size on the fault plane with an area of 240 × 720 km2 are required for the convergence of the fault slip. Furthermore, we found that the location of the maximum fault slip is less sensitive to the mesh size, implying that source inversion based on a coarse mesh model (i.e. less than 0.5 million elements and &gt; ∼60 km2 mesh size) can quickly provide the rough fault slip distribution.
Hematemesis on an esophageal foreign body revealing a double aortic arch: a case study
Authors: Foma Winga , Lamboni Damessane , Ananidjin Gérémie , Boko Uziel , Koulekey Dodji , Kebalo Sosso Piham , Sonhaye Lantam , Amana Bathokédéou , Boko Essohanam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A double aortic arch is a rare abnormality of the aortic arch caused by the persistence of the distal part of the right dorsal aorta. It can be manifested by respiratory and/or digestive symptoms. We report a case of double aortic arch revealed by an esophageal foreign body complicated by haematemesis in a 13-year-old boy having required multidisciplinary care.