bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐88: Thin Film Encapsulation for OLEDs: Evaluation of Multi‐layer Barriers using the Ca Test
Authors: Nisato Giovanni , Kuilder M. , Bouten Piet , Moro L. , Philips O. , Rutherford N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report on a method to evaluate thin film barriers for direct encapsulation of OLEDs. Based on the corrosion of reactive metal films and modeling thereof, this method is used to quantify the water permeation rate of high‐performance diffusion barriers. This method was first used to measure the barrier properties of flexible plastic substrates for display applications [1]. In the present work the system has been automated for improved repeatability and optical calibration has been performed to assess the sensitivity. Effective water vapor transmission rates down to 10−6 g/m2/day can be detected. Permeation data on a multi‐layer thin film encapsulant was obtained at three temperatures. To demonstrate compatibility in the application, the same thin film encapsulant was used to package actual passive matrix devices. This is the first report of a quantitative measure of an OLED compatible thin film encapsulant.
LP‐5: Late‐News Poster: Plasma‐CVD SiNx / Plasma‐Polymerized CNx:H Multi‐layer Passivation Films for Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Akedo Kunio , Miura Atsushi , Fujikawa Hisayoshi , Taga Yasunori 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed plasma‐CVD SiNx / plasma‐polymerized CNx:H multi‐layer films to improve the longevity of passivated OLEDs for automobile applications. The films had high barrier against moisture even at high temperatures, because the thermal stress of the films was released by the soft CNx:H layers and no crack was produced.
P‐90: Permeation Properties of Inorganic Thin‐Film and Its Application to PM‐OLED using Electron Beam Evaporation System
Authors: Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Hoon , Koo Hong Mo , Kim Jai Kyeong , Kim Young Chul , Ju Byeong Kwon , Han Jung In , Moon Dae Gyu , Jang Jin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the inorganic thin‐film passivation layer was proposed to protect the passive matrix organic light diodes (PMOLEDs) with the cathode separator from moisture and oxygen. Passivation film is deposited by electron beam evaporation. There is important thing not to damage on organic layer and to select suitable passivation materials. So, the various kinds of inorganic matrials were deposited onto the poly(carbonate) film and water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) of these films were measured. As a result of WVTRs, the MgO thin‐film had lower WVTR value than any other inorganic thin‐films. In this investigation, we analyzed the properties of the current‐voltage and luminescence characteristics for both MgO‐passivated OLED and nonpassivated OLED. MgO‐passivated OLED were remarkable improved the lifetime compare to non‐passivated OLED. Therefore, we can consider that the MgO thin‐film passivation mathod is one of the most suitable candidates for the thin‐film passivation layer for OLED.
P‐92: Electrochromic Passive‐Matrix Displays
Authors: Edwards Mårten O. M. , Thuraisingham Gunaraja , Hagfeldt Anders , Gruszecki Tadeusz , Pettersson Henrik 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHistorically, the realization of passive‐matrix addressing has been a critical issue in the development of electrochromic displays. We report on electrochromic passive‐matrix displays based on viologen‐derivatized films of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. High and uniform contrast is obtained for laboratory devices with few pixels.
P‐93: Reliability Performance for Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Displays with Simulated Active Matrix Drive
Authors: Danner G. M. , Atkinson J. , Duvally R. , Ewing J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe experiments using a simple test structure for examining microencapsulated electrophoretic films. The test panel construction reproduces the essential details of a manufactured display panel, and specially designed electronics reproduce an active matrix waveform on the test pixels. We report on results using this test panel for thermal stress tests targeting reliability requirements for handheld device applications.
LP‐6: Late‐News Poster: In‐Plane EPD with an Embedded Collecting Electrode in a Spacer
Authors: Ukigaya N. , Endo T. , Matsuda Y. , Goden T. , Ishige K. , Takagi S. , Kishi E. , Ikeda T. , Matsuda H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe reported improved performance of a new in‐plane structure. The characteristics of driving voltage, response time and shield effect of electric field cross‐talk are dramatically improved by introducing a collecting electrode embedded in the spacer that surrounds each pixel. A test cell exhibits excellent performance of switching with total duration time of 280 ms at 10 V and reproduced a gray scale in 260 dpi image by shielding the cross‐talk.
P‐95: Behavior of Fine Particles in Mobile Fine Particle Display (MFPD) Cells
Authors: Ogawa Masahiro , Takahashi Taiju , Saito Susumu , Toko Yasuo , Iwakura Yasushi , Kobayashi Kazuya , Akahane Tadashi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe proposed a novel display mode, which is called a Mobile Fine Particle Display (MFPD) with liquid crystal, the fine particles are moved to a horizontal direction for switching the display by the applied electric field. Fine particles are migratable by the synergistic effect of the flow of liquid crystal and the electrophoresis of the fine particles. In our MFPD cells, we measured the migration characteristics for the particles with both the organic type and the inorganic type depend on the cell temperature. It was proven that the temperature is high in the MFPD cells, quality of migration characteristics of fine particles which are the inorganic is better than that of the organic type.
P‐98: Modeling of Anchoring Strength upon the Fringe‐Field Switching
Authors: Choi Minwan , Yoon Sangho , Yoon Sukin , Lee Junhee , Kim Jinwoo , Kwon Ohseob , Won Taeyoung 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we report the influence of surface anchoring strength on the optical switching behavior. As a test vehicle, we have chosen the LC cell structure having the fringe‐field switching(FFS) layer. The director distribution is calculated by using three dimensional finite difference method(FDM), while the surface director has a various anchoring strength. Moreover the optical analysis is performed by 2×2 extended John's method. According to our result, the lower transmission intensity is obtained with the same voltage in the weak anchoring.
P‐99: Twisted HAN Mode for Reflective LCDs
Authors: Suh Dong‐Hae , Park Young‐IL , Son Gon , Lee Won‐Geon , Park Hae‐Sung , Lee Jung‐Yeal 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA reflective color TFT‐LCD with high image quality has been developed for mobile display tools. The optimized construction of normally white (NW) mode reflective twisted hybrid aligned nematic (RTHAN) cell with a single polarizer and the cell structure is the same as the conventional sandwich 90° TN cell. The productivity of the generation of low pretilt angle is achieved by the proposed single exposure method. In this work, we have studied an optical design of the reflective twisted HAN mode TFT‐LCD to research an optical element design to obtain high contrast ratio, fast response time, wide viewing angle, and low driving voltage.
P‐100: Driving Technique for Grayscale in Dual‐Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Jhun Chul Gyu , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWhen an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) cell is set between crossed polarizers for optical modulators or displays, it has low transmittance efficiency. This happens because AFLC materials have inherent tilt angles of typically 18°∼38°, not 45°. To improve the low transmittance efficiency, we propose a new optical configuration for antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays, which also improves color dispersion. We compare the Dual‐AFLCD with a conventional AFLCD by simulation and experiment with the fabricated cells, and grayscale characteristics of this Dual‐antiferroelectric liquid crystal display are estimated from the experiments in this paper.
P‐101: Eliminating Layer Undulation Textures in SSFLC Devices
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Bos Philip J. , Kumar Satyendra , Wand Michael , Handschy Mark 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTemperature dependence of the smectic layer structures was studied by high resolution X‐ray diffraction analysis. The investigation was based on two different alignment SSFLC cells. The effect of layer spacing changes in the SmA phase on defects seen in the SmC phase of the devices is investigated. It is shown that when considering a defect free SmC* texture, the layer spacing changes in the SmA phase are more significant than changes in the SmC phase. An explanation is also proposed.
P‐103: Photo‐Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Azodyes
Authors: Umanskii Boris A. , Novoseletskii Nikolai V. , Torgova Sofia I. , Dorozhkina Galina N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper the photo‐induced alignment of liquid crystals by azo‐dyes was investigated in spin‐coated films of individual azo‐dyes and azo‐dyes incorporated in polymer. It was studied the photo‐induced optical anisotropy (POA) properties of different azodyes; the influence of azo‐dye molecular structure with different terminal and lateral substituents on the POA properties and on the aligning ability of LC. The inclined LC alignment was controlled by two‐steps irradiation: 1) with normal linearly polarized light and 2) with oblique non‐polarized light. It was shown that the type and the quality of the LC alignment as well as the value of pretilt angle depend on the exposure time to the nonpolarized light, on the nature of the solvent for spin‐coating process and on the treatment of the orienting layers. The correlation between POA of azo‐dyes and their aligning capability was explored. It was shown that it has nonlinear character: even small anisot‐ropy gives a good LC alignment. Moreover, photo‐aligning azo‐dye layers have a good thermostability and are stable under weak UV irradiation as well. In this case all the main parameters of these films, such as optical anisotropy, pretilt angle and degree of ordering are practically independent of temperature.
P‐104: Aligning Layers Using Azo Dye Derivatives for Liquid Crystal Devices
Authors: Takada Hirokazu , Akiyama Hidenari , Takatsu Haruyoshi , Chigrinov Vladimir , Prudnikova Elena , Kozenkov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe photo‐induced alignment of an azo dye film and liquid crystal (LC) alignment on it are discussed for the liquid crystal display applications. Considerable dichroism is induced in the azo dye SD1 film not only by polarized UV light but also by obliquely incident non‐polarized UV light irradiation. It was found that sulfo groups in the azo dye molecule play an important role in the LC alignment on the film. Large pretilt of LC on the photo‐aligned film was achieved simultaneously, because the azo dye molecules can be easily reoriented out of the film plane by obliquely incident non‐polarized light irradiation. In order to improve stability of the photo‐aligned film, a monomer derived from the azo dye was synthesized. After thermal polymerization, the film of it also exhibit good photo‐alignment properties. Improvement of durability against light exposure and moisture was observed in the LC cell using it.
P‐107: Analyses of Whiteness of Reflective TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Chu Liang‐San , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping David , Liaw Ming‐Jiun , Liu Kang‐Hung 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWhiteness appearance is an important issue to improve the readability of reflective LCDs. Factors affecting the whiteness appearance, such as metal reflector, liquid crystal dispersion, color filter, oblique incidence, brightness, and uniformity were analyzed in order to achieve a paper‐white image for reflective LCDs.
P‐108: Robust Polymer Stabilization for Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Reflective Displays
Authors: Sousa Matthew E. , Eakin James N. , Kossyrev Pavel A. , Crawford Gregory P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a robust way to stabilize cholesteric liquid crystal materials for reflective display applications. Using a photolithographic‐type exposure process we enclose cholesteric liquid crystal in cylindrical containers to create a film that is extremely robust for flexible and conformable display applications. We discuss the influence of cylindrical containment on the cholesteric liquid crystal configuration and its influence on the electro‐optic properties.
P‐109: A High Contrast and Low Voltage PSCT Reflective Display
Authors: Ren Hongwen , Gauza Sebastian , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe electro‐optic properties of a reverse‐mode polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) using a high birefringence (Δn∼0.4) liquid crystal were investigated. The device shows 80:1 contrast ratio at 7Vrm and 12 ms for switching‐on and 19 ms for switching‐off speed for reflective displays. A black and white reflective display using segmented numeric alphabet is demonstrated.
P‐111: Reflective Display Based on Total Internal Reflection and Grating‐Grating Coupling
Authors: Qi Jun , Crawford Gregory P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report on a novel reflection‐type display based on total internal reflection and grating‐grating coupling fabricated in H‐PDLC materials. In this display, two symmetric slanted gratings are temporally multiplexed into a single film. A narrowband light is selected and diffracted from two coupled Bragg gratings creating a reflected image. These holographic pixels have switching voltages that are at least one‐half that of H‐PDLC reflective displays reported in the literature.
P‐113: Rigorous Calculation of Pixel and Inter‐electrode Impedances of TFT‐LCDs Using three‐dimensional Simulation
Authors: Jang Sang‐Han , Jung Sung‐Min , Park Woo‐Sang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have rigorously calculated for the first time all the inter‐electrode and the pixel impedances of thin‐film transistor liquid crystal displays using the total electrostatic energy and the total power dissipation inside a liquid crystal cell. The electrostatic energy and the power dissipation were obtained from the three‐dimensional profiles of the potential distribution and the molecular director profiles. The effects of the lateral fields generated by multiple electrodes of finite sizes were taken into account in the simulation. As a result, we confirmed that the pixel capacitance and the pixel resistance obtained from the three‐dimensional simulation are about 40% larger and about 15% smaller than those obtained from the conventional approach.
P‐120: Volume Holographic Technology for the Viewing Angle Compensation of TN‐LCDs
Authors: Lee Mane‐Si Laure , Delboulbé Anne , Lehureau Jean‐Claude , Loiseaux Brigitte , Gomez Gérard , Criton Eric 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThanks to holographic technology, the hybrid holographic compensators offer interesting properties for the versatility of the compensation design as well as for product integration. The adaptability of the hybrid holographic compensator is demonstrated through the implementation of the compensator on two avionic displays.
P‐123: Influence of Metal Nanoparticle on Electro‐Optic Response of Dual Frequency Nematic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Thisayukta Jirakorn , Masumi Takenori , Shiraishi Yukihide , Toshima Naoki , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Sawada Atsushi , Naemura Shohei 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe demonstrate the influence of the nanoparticles on the electro‐optic (EO) response of the dual frequency nematic liquid crystal mixture. The dual frequency nematic itself has the cross over frequency (fc) around 2.9 KHz and exhibits frequency modulation response upon the frequency of the applied voltage. By doping the dual frequency nematic with Pd‐5CB and/or Pd‐CCN‐47 nanoparticles, we found that in the mixture contained (1%) Pd‐5CB, the cross over frequency (fc) significantly increased and at frequency higher than 2 KHz, subsequently, the threshold voltage (Vth) becomes lower than that of the dual frequency nematic alone, while the Pd‐CCN‐47 nano‐particle show slightly effect. The result suggests that the interfacial polarization, refer to Maxwell‐Wagner effect, takes place in this heterogeneous medium caused by incorporating of the nanoparticle, which modifies the EO characteristic of the dual frequency.
P‐129: Performance of Cold Mirror Coated Enhanced Metal and Conventional Glass Reflectors
Authors: Zaitsev Vladimir , Gasteiger Paul , Strobl Karlheinz 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel manufacturing process is presented for manufacturing high performance, low cost, cold mirror coated metal reflectors for consumer and business projectors. The performance (light concentration ability, cost saving potential, operation temperature, lifetime, mounting features) of these enhanced metal reflectors is compared to that of traditional molded glass reflectors.
15.1: Emissive Microdisplay using Light Emitting Polymer
Authors: Bodammer G. , Buckley A. , Burns D. , Giebeler C. , Gourlay J. , Graham A. , Newsam M. , Monteith R. , Nicol D. , Parmiter P. , Steven D. , Underwood I. , Wilkinson C. , Whitelegg S. , Woodburn R. , Wright J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn emissive microdisplay technology has been developed which incorporates a layer of light emitting polymer on a CMOS substrate. Monochrome microdisplays of QVGA (320 × 240) resolution have been manufactured and early aspects of their initial characterization are presented. Benefits of the technology include very low power consumption plus relatively simple drive electronics and opto‐mechanics.
15.2: A Novel Current Memory Circuit for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Display
Authors: Lin Yenchung , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Shih An , Tsai Yaw‐Ming 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel current memory (CM) circuit with improved accuracy and operating speed for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting displays (AMOLED) was developed. The protecting circuit is designed in this CM circuit to reduce the charge‐injection mechanism without using larger storage capacitor. Owing to the voltage deviation is suppressed, the small storage capacitor can be used in CM circuit to preserve high accuracy. Furthermore, the significant amount of speed up can be also obtained and the capability of copying the current signal is achieved without relying on the matching of device characteristics. The proposed CM circuit can be implemented by low temperature poly‐silicon (LTPS) technology and is suitable for high resolution AMOLED applications based on current driving scheme.
16.2: Cold versus Hot Alignment in Projection Display Lamp Reflector Module Manufacturing
Authors: Shen Li , Gasteiger Paul , Strobl Karlheinz 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLamp reflector modules built for the projection display market use traditionally a hot manufacturing process where the lamp is being aligned inside a reflector while it is ignited. We present an alternative cold alignment process that reduces production costs in high volume and improves output reproducibility and stability (lifetime).
17.1: Invited Paper: Desirable Performance and Progress of PDP and LCD Television Displays on Image Quality
Authors: Kurita Tiichiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractImage quality is an important factor in selecting CRTs, PDPs or LCDs. Contrast ratio or peak luminance, gray scale expression, noise visibility, and moving image quality should be improved in current PDPs and LCDs. Desirable performance and the progress in image quality of PDP and LCD television displays are discussed.
17.4: Experimental Observation on Image Sticking of 42‐inch PDP‐TV
Authors: Tae Heung‐Sik , Jang Sang‐Hun , Han Jin‐Won , Cho Byung‐Gwon , Kim Byung‐No , Chien Sung‐Il 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effects of a short time (within 5 minutes) image sticking on the subsequent dark or bright background images are investigated in the 42‐inch PDP‐TV. In the dark background image displayed by only the reset waveform, the luminance from the cells with an image sticking is observed to be higher than the luminance from the cells with no image sticking. On the other hand, in the bright background image displayed by the sustain waveforms including the reset and address waveforms, the luminance from the cells with an image sticking is observed to be lower than the luminance from the cells with no image sticking. It is concluded that the dark image degradation is caused by the activated MgO surface of the cells with an image sticking, whereas the bright image degradation is caused by the deterioration of the phosphor layers.
18.1: Invited Paper: Surface Modification of Screen‐Printed Carbon Nanotube Emitter for Large Diagonal Field Emission Displays
Authors: Takai M. , Zhao W. J. , Sawada A. , Hosono A. , Okuda S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSurface modifications of carbon nanotube (CNT) cathodes have been performed using laser photons, ion beams and plasmas to obtain uniformly high electron emissions at low applied electric fields for field emission display (FED) application. Laser and focused ion irradiations and plasma exposures were found to enhance electron emission and decrease threshold electric fields for emission. Among various surface treatments, ultra‐violet laser irradiation was found to enhance electron emission by 4 orders of magnitude with homogeneous emission.
18.3: Low Temperature Carbon Nanotubes for Triode‐Type Field‐Emitter Array
Authors: Kang Simon , Bae Craig , Son William , Kim M. H. , Yi Jonathan , Lee S. T. , Chang Aaron , Kim J. J. , Lee C. R. , Moon Jong Hyun , Lim Sung Hoon , Kim Hong Sik , Jang Jin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a low temperature carbon nanotube (LT‐CNT) growing process that can be used for electron emitter of field emission display (FED). Using this process technology, we successfully demonstrated a 5.4 inch LT‐CNT FED using conventional 0.7 mm glass substrate without any distortion due to the thermal shrinkage of the glass substrate.
18.5L:Late‐News Paper: The First Active‐Matrix CNT Field Emission Display
Authors: Hwang Chi‐Sun , Song Y.‐H. , Kim K.‐B. , Chung C.‐H. , Kim B.‐C. , Lee J. H. , Choi I.‐S. , Park J.‐H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe active‐matrix driven diode‐type field emission display (FED) was fabricated using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electron emission sources. The a‐Si TFT and screen‐printed CNT film were successfully integrated for the active‐matrix cathode. We fabricated the first prototype AM‐CNT FED panel as 3‐inch in diagonal with 96×64 pixels. The driving voltage of AM‐CNT FED was below 25 V and the operation was well stabilized by the control of driving TFT.
19.1: The Visibility of a Global Luminance Profile of a Display
Authors: Heynderickx I. , Vogels I. , Swinkels S. , Bech S. , Mastenbroek E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe visibility threshold of a global luminance profile of a display has been determined with and without an undistorted display as a reference and for both a black and silver‐grayish color of the bezel frame. Results indicate a significant effect of the color of the bezel frame and a dependence on image content. For natural images, the visibility threshold is significantly lower with than without a reference, especially for those profiles, which are darker in the center than near the edges.
19.2: The Visibility of a Local Deviation in Luminance and White‐Point of a Display
Authors: Vogels I. , Heynderickx I. , Swinkels S. , De Lameillieure M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe visibility threshold of a Gaussian deviation in the luminance or the white‐point of a display has been determined. In the most critical situation, i.e. for homogeneous and moving images, the threshold corresponds to a ΔE*uv of about 1 in the case of a local luminance variation and a ΔE*uv of about 2.5 in the case of a local variation in the white‐point.