bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence beyond the Battlefield: Civilian Targeting, Sexual Violence, and Women’s Political Empowerment
Authors: Savun Burcu , Stanton Jessica A , Hartzell Caroline A , Reid Lindsay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Research has established links between intrastate conflict and political gains by women following war, suggesting that changes of a positive nature can emerge from the misery of war. While much of the empirical focus on conflicts’ transformative effects has been on battle-related violence, we investigate whether pro-social effects are associated with two other types of violence perpetrated against civilians—one-sided violence and sexual violence. We expect that both one-sided violence and sexual violence spur mobilization, which in turn contributes to gains in women’s political empowerment. Informed by feminist scholarship, we also draw attention to social and political constraints associated with high levels of sexual violence, restrictions that we argue women are unlikely to confront to a similar degree with respect to high levels of one-sided and other forms of violence. We posit that these factors will result in the attenuation of gains in women’s political power in conflicts characterized by high levels of sexual violence. Using cross-national data on civil conflicts for the period 1989–2017, we find that moderate levels of sexual violence are consistently associated with gains in women’s political empowerment, an effect that diminishes in conflicts marked by widespread sexual violence. One-sided violence, on the other hand, is not associated with improvements in women’s political empowerment. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering the different forms of wartime violence, and the differential impacts these forms of violence have on women.​
A case of juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis effectively treated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor agents
Authors: Sakaguchi Akira , Kondo Naoki , Kakutani Rika , Kinoshita Eiji , Kijima Yasufumi , Kawashima Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
A 15-year-old girl had experienced hip pain at 11 years of age. At 15 years of age, the patient complained of persistent generalised pain. Her rheumatoid factor and serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels were below standard values; there were no inflammatory responses, and the human leukocyte antigen test was negative for B27 and positive for B52 and B62. The bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) value was 8.0 at the time of induction and 3.1 at 6 months after the introduction of adalimumab (at a dose of 40 mg). The BASDAI value improved with an increase in the dose of adalimumab to 80 mg at 8 months after the initial introduction of adalimumab (at 40 mg), although it remained at 4.8 at 16 months after the dose increase. The BASDAI value was 2.6 at 6 months, 2.7 at 1 year, and 1.8 at 1.5 years after the introduction of infliximab, indicating that the patient had progressed well without any adverse events. Based on this case, juvenile ankylosing spondylitis is a differential diagnosis for low back pain and generalised pain since childhood. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors were promptly introduced in this case, although it took 4 years from the initial presentation. TNF inhibitors were effective in treating juvenile ankylosing spondylitis in the present case without any adverse events. This case is notable because juvenile onset ankylosing spondylitis is one of the reasons for severe lumbago since childhood and because TNF inhibitors were administered promptly after diagnosis.
Stellate ganglion block in the treatment of SAPHO syndrome: A case report
Authors: Jiang Chenhao , Cai Liangyu , Zhang Jiannan , Zhou Hongmei 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Synovitis, acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare and refractory autoinflammatory disease, and there is no consensus on its treatment. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) blocks sympathetic nerves, ameliorates immune dysfunction, and alleviates stress response, which has been used to treat various chronic pain syndromes, arrhythmias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Also, the SGB has been reported to be successfully used to treat certain skin diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and menopausal symptoms. In this study, over 3 years of follow-up, we found that SGB successfully intervened the symptoms of SAPHO syndrome, including sternoclavicular joint arthritis and palmoplantar pustulosis.
A novel, semi-automatic procedure for generating slow change blindness stimuli
Authors: Frey Haley G , Koenig Lua , He Biyu J , Brascamp Jan W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Change blindness is the phenomenon that occurs when an observer fails to notice what would seem to be obvious changes in the features of a visual stimulus. Researchers can induce this experimentally by including visual disruptions (such as brief blanks) that coincide with the changes in question. However, change blindness can also occur in the absence of these disruptions if a change occurs sufficiently slowly. This “slow” or “gradual” change blindness phenomenon has not been extensively researched. Two plausible practical reasons for this are that there are few slow-change stimuli available, and that it is difficult to collect trial-specific responses without affecting expectations on later trials. Here, we describe a novel, semi-automatic procedure for quickly generating many slow-change stimuli. This procedure creates stimuli that have been specifically designed to allow assessment of change blindness on individual trials without influencing subsequent trials. We include the results of three validation experiments that demonstrate that these stimuli are effective and suitable for use in systematic studies of slow change blindness.
Impacts of workplace verbal aggression classified via text mining on workers’ mental health
Authors: Nishimura Y , Matsumoto S , Sasaki T , Kubo T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Exposure to workplace aggression adversely affects workers’ health; however, little is known regarding the impact of specific types of verbal content.

Aims
We aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to several types of aggressive words at work and the victim’s depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance using text mining.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal survey with 800 workers in wholesale and retail companies; of which, 500 responded to the follow-up survey. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were filled out by the participants, and their responses were analysed by logistic regression to evaluate the risk of depression or sleep problems. We collected exact aggressive words encountered at work over the past year as a dependent variable and classified it into four types using text mining, such as words criticizing one’s performance.

Results
The follow-up rate was 63%. Exposure to words threatening one’s life showed a significant relationship with the risk of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 13.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.76–110.56). The exposure to words criticizing one’s job performance is significantly related to the risk of sleep disturbance (OR = 5.56, 95% CI = 2.08–14.88).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that different contents of verbal aggression can have different impacts on workers’ health. This indicates that not only overtly threatening and abusive language but also words related to one’s performance can be a risk factor for workers, depending on how they are delivered. To mitigate the adverse effects, promoting effective communication and cultivating psychological detachment from work may be beneficial.
Disruption of the bacterial OLE RNP complex impairs growth on alternative carbon sources
Authors: Lyon Seth E , Wencker Freya D R , Fernando Chrishan M , Harris Kimberly A , Breaker Ronald R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ornate, large, extremophilic (OLE) RNAs comprise a class of large noncoding RNAs in bacteria whose members form a membrane-associated ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. This complex facilitates cellular adaptation to diverse stresses such as exposure to cold, short-chain alcohols, and elevated Mg2+ concentrations. Here, we report additional phenotypes exhibited by Halalkalibacterium halodurans (formerly called Bacillus halodurans) strains lacking functional OLE RNP complexes. Genetic disruption of the complex causes restricted growth compared to wild-type cells when cultured in minimal media (MM) wherein glucose is replaced with alternative carbon/energy sources. Genetic suppressor selections conducted in glutamate MM yielded isolates that carry mutations in or near genes relevant to Mn2+ homeostasis (ykoY and mntB), phosphate homeostasis (phoR), and putative multidrug resistance (bmrCD). These functional links between OLE RNA, carbon/energy management, and other fundamental processes including protein secretion are consistent with the hypothesis that the OLE RNP complex is a major contributor to cellular adaptation to unfavorable growth conditions.
Good models borrow, great models steal: intellectual property rights and generative AI
Authors: Chesterman Simon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Two critical policy questions will determine the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on the knowledge economy and the creative sector. The first concerns how we think about the training of such models—in particular, whether the creators or owners of the data that are “scraped” (lawfully or unlawfully, with or without permission) should be compensated for that use. The second question revolves around the ownership of the output generated by AI, which is continually improving in quality and scale. These topics fall in the realm of intellectual property, a legal framework designed to incentivize and reward only human creativity and innovation. For some years, however, Britain has maintained a distinct category for “computer-generated” outputs; on the input issue, the EU and Singapore have recently introduced exceptions allowing for text and data mining or computational data analysis of existing works. This article explores the broader implications of these policy choices, weighing the advantages of reducing the cost of content creation and the value of expertise against the potential risk to various careers and sectors of the economy, which might be rendered unsustainable. Lessons may be found in the music industry, which also went through a period of unrestrained piracy in the early digital era, epitomized by the rise and fall of the file-sharing service Napster. Similar litigation and legislation may help navigate the present uncertainty, along with an emerging market for “legitimate” models that respect the copyright of humans and are clear about the provenance of their own creations.
Randomized controlled internal pilot trial of a diversion programme for adolescents in police custody who possess illicit substances
Authors: Coulton Simon , Hendrie Nadine , Vass Rosa , Gannon Theresa , Wooton Agnes , Rushworh-Claeys Jennifer , Sinetos Jake 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Adolescents involved in criminal proceedings are significantly more likely to re-offend than a similar population diverted away from criminal justice. Adolescents who use substances and offend are at higher risk of experiencing negative social, psychological and physical problems that often persist into adulthood. There is some evidence that brief interventions combined with appropriate psychoeducation may be effective in reducing adolescent substance use.

Methods
Prospective two-armed, individually randomized internal pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with follow-up at 6 months. Young people across three police forces—Kent, Cornwall and Sefton—arrested in possession of class B or C illicit substances were randomly allocated to receive the ReFrame intervention or business as usual. In total, 102 participants were eligible of whom 76 consented and 73 were followed up at 6 months. Outcomes addressed offending behaviour, frequency of substance use, wellbeing and mental health. The study was conducted between February and December 2022.

Results
All progression criteria were met, 80% of those eligible consented, 96% adhered to their allocated treatment and 88% were followed up at the primary endpoint.

Conclusions
The feasibility of conducting the pilot trial was a success and it will now proceed to a definitive RCT.
Medication-induced central sleep apnea: a unifying concept
Authors: Javaheri Shahrokh , Randerath Winfried J , Safwan Badr M , Javaheri Sogol 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Medication-induced central sleep apnea (CSA) is one of the eight categories of causes of CSA but in the absence of awareness and careful history may be misclassified as primary CSA. While opioids are a well-known cause of respiratory depression and CSA, non-opioid medications including sodium oxybate, baclofen, valproic acid, gabapentin, and ticagrelor are less well-recognized. Opioids-induced respiratory depression and CSA are mediated primarily by µ-opioid receptors, which are abundant in the pontomedullary centers involved in breathing. The non-opioid medications, sodium oxybate, baclofen, valproic acid, and gabapentin, act upon brainstem gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, which co-colonize with µ-opioid receptors and mediate CSA. The pattern of ataxic breathing associated with these medications is like that induced by opioids on polysomnogram. Finally, ticagrelor also causes periodic breathing and CSA by increasing central chemosensitivity and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Given the potential consequences of CSA and the association between some of these medications with mortality, it is critical to recognize these adverse drug reactions, particularly because discontinuation of the offending agents has been shown to eliminate CSA.
Combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives and female sexuality: an updated review
Authors: Krapf Jill M , Goldstein Andrew T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual side effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have not been fully understood, but increasing evidence prompts broader risk/benefit evaluation and merits inclusion in counseling on contraceptive options.

Objectives
The study sought to explore the impact of combined estrogens–progestin oral contraceptives on components of female sexuality, including sexual desire, anatomic genitourinary changes, lubrication, orgasm, provoked vestibulodynia, well-being, body image, partner preference, and relationship stability.

Methods
A literature review was performed between April 2023 and January 2024 exploring the association between combined oral contraceptive pills and sexual health.

Results
Although COCs decrease free testosterone, it is unclear if COCs affect sexual function, including desire. Antiandrogenic COCs do seem to have a negative effect on sexual arousal, lubrication, and orgasm. Provoked vestibulodynia may be related to early onset of COC use, low-estrogen pills, and antiandrogenic progestins. Emotional and sexual side effects are strong predictors of COC discontinuation. Longitudinal data indicate that using COCs when meeting and selecting a partner has implications on sexual satisfaction and relationship length. Analysis of data is complicated by various doses and forms of estrogen and progestin in COCs, which have changed over time.

Conclusion
Lack of randomized placebo-controlled studies and heterogenicity in study design hampers generalized statements about the effects of COCs on sexual function. Despite these challenges, consideration of sexual dysfunction when presenting and prescribing hormonal contraception is essential for informed consent, shared decision making, and ensuring reliable contraceptive choices.
Exercise‐induced β‐hydroxybutyrate promotes Treg cell differentiation to ameliorate colitis in mice
Authors: Hao Fengqi , Tian Miaomiao , Wang Huiyue , Li Shuo , Wang Xinyu , Jin Xin , Wang Yang , Jiao Yang , Tian Meihong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIncreasing attention is being paid to the mechanistic investigation of exercise‐associated chronic inflammatory disease improvement. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. It is known that regular moderate aerobic exercise (RMAE) reduces the incidence or risk of UC, and attenuates disease progression in UC patients. However, the mechanisms of this RMAE's benefit are still under investigation. Here, we revealed that β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐HB), a metabolite upon prolonged aerobic exercise, could contribute to RMAE preconditioning in retarding dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced mouse colitis. When blocking β‐HB production, RMAE preconditioning‐induced colitis amelioration was compromised, whereas supplementation of β‐HB significantly rescued impaired β‐HB production‐associated defects. Meanwhile, we found that RMAE preconditioning significantly caused decreased colonic Th17/Treg ratio, which is considered to be important for colitis mitigation; and the downregulated Th17/Treg ratio was associated with β‐HB. We further demonstrated that β‐HB can directly promote the differentiation of Treg cell rather than inhibit Th17 cell generation. Furthermore, β‐HB increased forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) expression, the core transcriptional factor for Treg cell, by enhancing histone H3 acetylation in the promoter and conserved noncoding sequences of the Foxp3 locus. In addition, fatty acid oxidation, the key metabolic pathway required for Treg cell differentiation, was enhanced by β‐HB treatment. Lastly, administration of β‐HB without exercise significantly boosted colonic Treg cell and alleviated colitis in mice. Together, we unveiled a previously unappreciated role for exercise metabolite β‐HB in the promotion of Treg cell generation and RMAE preconditioning‐associated colitis attenuation.
Treatment of Gamma Hydroxybutyrate Withdrawal in a Pregnant Female: A Case Report
Authors: Joyce Shannon , Lea Sarah , Woolner Megan , Leddy Amanda 
Published: February 2024

Background
Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used illicitly for its sedative hypnotic effects, and those who take it regularly are at risk of developing a substance use disorder. Withdrawal from GHB can include severe symptoms that may require medical management. For GHB use and withdrawal during pregnancy, there are no evidence- or practice-based guidelines to follow, and there is only minimal research literature.

Case Summary
We present the case of a 32-year-old woman, G1P0 at 29 weeks and 6 days of gestation, admitted to the perinatal unit at a tertiary hospital for GHB withdrawal management and stabilization. GHB withdrawal was managed with a combination of baclofen and diazepam. We report the dosing and tapering of these medications throughout her 14-day admission. Withdrawal symptoms were well managed with this medication protocol, and she did not experience any features of complicated withdrawal. The patient later presented to hospital in preterm labor and precipitously delivered a healthy, preterm infant male at 34 weeks and 5 days of gestation. At 7 months postpartum, the patient continued to engage with perinatal addiction service, reported no use of GHB since her admission, and was parenting her healthy son.

Clinical Significance
There is a paucity of guidelines for managing GHB withdrawal in pregnancy. This case demonstrates good clinical outcomes administering a short-term combination of diazepam and baclofen during the third trimester of pregnancy. This case helps to fill a gap in the literature and may inform future research or clinical decision-making in similar situations.
Temporal Relationship and Clinical Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury Following Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Charkviani Mariam , Truong Hong Hieu , Nikravangolsefid Nasrin , Ninan Jacob , Prokop Larry J. , Reddy Swetha , Kashani Kianoush B. , Domecq Garces Juan Pablo 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess prevalence and timing of acute kidney injury (AKI) development after acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its association with mortality.

DATA SOURCES:
Ovid MEDLINE(R), Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid PsycINFO database, Scopus, and Web of Science thought April 2023.

STUDY SELECTION:
Titles and abstracts were screened independently and in duplicate to identify eligible studies. Randomized controlled trials and prospective or retrospective cohort studies reporting the development of AKI following ARDS were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two reviewers independently extracted data using a pre piloted abstraction form. We used Review Manager 5.4 software (Cochrane Library, Oxford, United Kingdom) and Open Meta software (Brown University, Providence, RI) for statistical analyses.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Among the 3646 studies identified and screened, 17 studies comprising 9359 ARDS patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. AKI developed in 3287 patients (40%) after the diagnosis of ARDS. The incidence of AKI at least 48 hours after ARDS diagnosis was 20% (95% CI, 0.18–0.21%). The pooled risk ratio (RR) for the hospital (or 30-d) mortality among ARDS patients who developed AKI was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.71–2.18). AKI development after ARDS was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in ARDS patients, with a pooled odds ratio from multivariable analysis of 3.69 (95% CI, 2.24–6.09). Furthermore, two studies comparing mortality between patients with late vs. early AKI initiation after ARDS revealed higher mortality in late AKI patients with RR of 1.46 (95% CI, 1.19–1.8). However, the certainty of evidence for most outcomes was low to very low.

CONCLUSIONS:
While our findings highlight a significant association between ARDS and subsequent development of AKI, the low to very low certainty of evidence underscores the need for cautious interpretation. This systematic review identified a significant knowledge gap, necessitating further research to establish a more definitive understanding of this relationship and its clinical implications.