bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Integrated System for Public Health Monitoring of West Nile Virus (ISPHM-WNV): a real-time GIS for surveillance and decision-making
Authors: Gosselin Pierre , Lebel Germain , Rivest Sonia , Douville-Fradet Monique 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
After its first detection in North America in New York in 1999, West Nile virus was detected for the first time in 2002 in the province of Quebec, Canada. This situation forced the Government of Quebec to adopt a public health protection plan against the virus. The plan comprises several fields of intervention including the monitoring of human cases, Corvidae and mosquitoes in order to ensure the early detection of the presence of the virus in a particular area. To help support the monitoring activities, the Integrated System for Public Health Monitoring of West Nile Virus (ISPHM-WNV) has been developed.

Results
The ISPHM-WNV is a real-time geographic information system for public health surveillance of West Nile virus and includes information on Corvidae, mosquitoes, humans, horses, climate, and preventive larvicide interventions. It has been in operation in the province of Quebec, Canada, since May 2003. The ISPHM-WNV facilitates the collection, localization, management and analysis of monitoring data; it also allows for the display of the results of analyses on maps, tables and statistical diagrams.

Conclusion
The system is very helpful for field workers in all regions of the province, as well as for central authorities. It represents the common authoritative source of data for analysis, exchange and decision-making.
The Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument: Evaluating features, amenities and incivilities of physical activity resources in urban neighborhoods
Authors: Lee Rebecca E , Booth Katie M , Reese-Smith Jacqueline Y , Regan Gail , Howard Hugh H 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
Neighborhood environment factors may influence physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to develop and test a brief instrument to systematically document and describe the type, features, amenities, quality and incivilities of a variety of PA resources.

Method
The one-page Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument was developed to assess all publicly available PA resources in thirteen urban lower income, high ethnic minority concentration neighborhoods that surrounded public housing developments (HDs) and four higher income, low ethnic minority concentration comparison neighborhoods. Neighborhoods had similar population density and connectivity. Trained field coders rated 97 PA resources (including parks, churches, schools, sports facilities, fitness centers, community centers, and trails) on location, type, cost, features, amenities, quality and incivilities. Assessments typically took about 10 minutes to complete.

Results
HD neighborhoods had a mean of 4.9 PA resources (n = 73) with considerable variability in the type of resources available for each neighborhood. Comparison neighborhoods had a mean of 6 resources (n = 24). Most resources were accessible at no cost (82%). Resources in both types of neighborhoods typically had about 2 to 3 PA features and amenities, and the quality was usually mediocre to good in both types of neighborhoods. Incivilities at PA resources in HD neighborhoods were significantly more common than in comparison neighborhoods.

Conclusion
Although PA resources were similar in number, features and amenities, the overall appearance of the resources in HD neighborhoods was much worse as indicated by substantially worse incivilities ratings in HD neighborhoods. The more comprehensive assessment, including features, amenities and incivilities, provided by the PARA may be important to distinguish between PA resources in lower and higher deprivation areas.
Differential Association Between Statin Exposure and Elevated Levels of Creatine Kinase
Authors: Chan James , Hui Rita L , Levin Eleanor 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND: Although hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are generally well tolerated, myopathy can be a serious adverse event. The association among different statins, doses, and related risk factors is not well understood. Objective: To determine the prevalence of elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels in patients taking statins, specific doses of these drugs, and other factors. Simvastatin and lovastatin were the drugs of primary interest. METHODS: In a modified prevalence (cross-sectional) study, prescriptions and laboratory data for 215 191 patients exposed to a statin in 2002 were reviewed. A log-linear Poisson regression model was used to determine the statistical relationship of an elevated CK level to other independent variables. RESULTS: Prevalence of high elevation of CK levels (ie, n of cases/1000 pts. exposed to statins) was 1.6; prevalence of mild to moderate elevation of CK levels was 6.4. For high elevations, the prevalence ratios were lower for low doses of lovastatin than for high doses of simvastatin. A higher prevalence ratio was associated with elevated serum creatinine (SCr) levels (2.44), exposure to interacting drugs (1.62), male gender (1.48), and evidence of diabetes (1.34). For mild to moderate elevation, a higher prevalence ratio was associated with elevated SCr (1.45), exposure to interacting drugs (1.21), male gender (3.19), age ≤65 years (1.35), and evidence of diabetes (1.34). Lower prevalence ratios were associated with all doses of lovastatin compared with those of high doses of simvastatin. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with simvastatin, lovastatin was generally associated with a lower prevalence of high elevation and mild to moderate elevation of CK levels. An elevated SCr level, exposure to interacting drugs, male gender, evidence of diabetes, and age ≤65 years were associated with higher prevalence ratios.
Disease and Intolerability Documentation in Electronic Patient Records
Authors: Buurma Henk , De Smet Peter AGM , Kruijtbosch Martine , Egberts Antoine CG 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND: Documentation of diseases and intolerabilities in electronic patient records (EPRs) in pharmacies is needed to produce an alert in case a contraindicated medicine is prescribed. Limited research is available concerning EPRs in pharmacies. Objective: To study the prevalence and quality of documentation of diseases and intolerabilities in EPRs in a sample of Dutch community pharmacies. METHODS: Each participating pharmacy (N = 79) collected data on one day in May 2003 for each patient enrolled into the study (N = 687) concerning demographics, drug use, and documentation of diseases and intolerabilities. RESULTS: In 57.4% of the EPRs, at least one disease and, in 7.9%, at least one intolerability was documented. Higher age, number of drugs used, and chronic disease score were associated with any documentation of a disease/intolerability in the EPR. The highest sensitivity scores (completeness) were found for diabetes (84.7%), asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (strict definition: 75.9%), and hypothyroidism (75.0%). Rather low values were found for prostatic hyperplasia (55.6%) and heart failure (29.4%). The positive predictive value (reliability) was high for hypothyroidism (100%) and diabetes (87.1%). CONCLUSIONS: In a selection of Dutch pharmacies, at least one documented disease and/or intolerability was found in the EPR of almost 60% of the patients. Certain diseases were documented to a relatively high degree; others had poorer levels of documentation. For optimal surveillance of drug–disease interactions in pharmacies, the frequency and quality of disease and intolerability documentation need further improvement.
Reliability of Nesiritide Infusion via Non-Primed Tubing and Heparin-Coated Catheters
Authors: Onat Duygu , Stathopoulos John , Rose Andrew , Newman Karel , Sciacca Robert R , Jorde Ulrich P , Colombo Paolo C 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND: Prescribing information for nesiritide mandates priming of intravenous tubing prior to connecting to the patient's intravenous access because the drug may adsorb to the line. As of this writing, no published study has quantified the binding effect of nesiritide to intravenous tubing. Objective: To investigate whether priming of peripheral intravenous tubing is necessary and whether nesiritide can be reliably delivered through central intravenous lines, including heparin-coated catheters, where priming cannot occur. METHODS: A 23.3-mL bolus of nesiritide followed by a 7-mL/h 2-hour infusion were run through (1) polyvinylchloride (PVC) peripheral intravenous tubing primed with nesiritide, (2) non-primed PVC peripheral intravenous tubing, (3) non-primed polyethylene peripheral intravenous tubing, (4) non-primed PVC peripheral intravenous tubing connected to a central intravenous polyurethane catheter, and (5) non-primed PVC peripheral intravenous tubing connected to a heparin-coated pulmonary artery PVC catheter. Nesiritide concentrations were measured in the intravenous bags and in samples collected from the 5 intravenous settings. RESULTS: Priming of intravenous tubing with nesiritide did not increase drug recovery: at least 94% of the bolus dose and 96% of the total drug were recovered from all intravenous sets. CONCLUSIONS: Infusion of nesiritide via non-primed peripheral and central intravenous tubing, including heparin-coated pulmonary catheter, is reliable. Changes in nesiritide labeling appear to be warranted.
Evaluation of Herbal Dietary Supplements Marketed on the Internet for Recreational Use
Authors: Dennehy Cathi E , Tsourounis Candy , Miller Amy E 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND: The Internet is a popular tool for marketing and purchasing herbal dietary supplements (DS). Various Web sites sell these products purely for recreational use. Objective: To describe the content of Web sites that advertise and market herbal DS for recreational use (ie, for the purpose of altering mood/behavior/or perception, “getting high,” or as a substitute for a drug of abuse). METHODS: Four major search engines and the search terms “buy herbal high” and “buy legal high” were used to identify Web sites selling herbal DS for recreational use. Web sites were evaluated for their country of origin and for compliance with the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA). Products were evaluated for their ingredient lists, effect claims, comparisons with illicit drugs, adverse effects, drug interactions, and contraindications. RESULTS: Twenty-eight unique Web sites with 119 products were evaluated. Most sites were in the US (54%) and were in compliance with DSHEA. Forty-seven percent of the products were likened to illicit drugs, typically marijuana (48%) or 3-,4-methylene dioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy; 23%). The most common product ingredients were ephedra alkaloids (27%), Salvia divinorum (17%), kava (10%), guarana (10%), Acorus calamus (10%), and damiana (10%). Effect claims frequently involved the products' use as a hallucinogen (51%) or stimulant (39%). Sixty-four percent of the sites mentioned adverse effects, and 54% mentioned drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that herbal DS are being marketed for use as legal alternatives to illicit drugs of abuse. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this trend and the products that are involved.
Effect of Freezing, Long-Term Storage, and Microwave Thawing on the Stability of Ketorolac Tromethamine
Authors: Hecq Jean-Daniel , Boitquin Laurence P , Vanbeckbergen Danielle F , Jamart Jacques , Galanti Laurence M 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND: Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal agent with potent analgesic and moderate antiinflammatory activity. Advance preparation of intravenous solution could be useful to improve quality assurance, time management, and cost-savings of drug delivery. Objective: To investigate the effect of freezing, long-term storage, and microwave thawing on the stability of ketorolac tromethamine in dextrose 5% infusion. METHODS: Five polyolefin bags of solution containing ketorolac tromethamine 20 mg per 100 mL of dextrose 5% were frozen for 3 months at −20 °C, thawed in a microwave oven with a validated cycle, and stored at 4 °C. The concentration of ketorolac was measured by HPLC. Visual inspection and pH measurement were also carried out. RESULTS: No color change or precipitation was observed. Ketorolac was stable for at least 60 days under refrigeration after freeze–thaw. Throughout this period, the lower confidence limit of the estimated regression line of the concentration–time profile remained >90% of the initial concentration, and the pH value decreased slightly without affecting chromatographic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Within these limits, ketorolac tromethamine in dextrose 5% infusion may be prepared and frozen in advance by a centralized intravenous admixture service, then thawed before use in clinical units.
Molecular Recognition by Synthetic Multifunctional Pores in Practice: Are Structural Studies Really Helpful?
Authors: Baudry Y. , Bollot G. , Gorteau V. , Litvinchuk S. , Mareda J. , Nishihara M. , Pasini D. , Perret F. , Ronan D. , Sakai N. , Shah M. R. , Som A. , Sordé N. , Talukdar P. , Tran D.‐H. , Matile S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis account summarizes five years of research devoted to the development of the concept of synthetic multifunctional pores. The objective is to complement a comprehensive graphical summary of molecular recognition with a survey of structural studies on the same topic. The relevance of the latter for research focusing on creation and application of supramolecular functional materials is discussed briefly in a subjective manner.
Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Calix[4]arenes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Strobel M. , Kita‐Tokarczyk K. , Taubert A. , Vebert C. , Heiney P. A. , Chami M. , Meier W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe self‐assembly of amphiphilic calix[4]arenes with either a carboxylic acid or a trimethyl ammonium head group and different alkyl chains in aqueous solution was investigated. The carboxylated calixarene forms vesicles in dilute solution and stable monolayers on water. In contrast, the ammonium head group provides high water solubility with no observed aggregation. At high concentrations, all calixarene amphiphiles form lyotropic liquid crystals.
Nonlinear soft‐sensors design for unsteady‐state VOC afterburners
Authors: Fissore Davide , Edouard David , Hammouri Hassan , Barresi Antonello A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn observer for a reverse‐flow reactor, where the combustion of lean VOC mixtures takes place, is designed in this work and it is demonstrated to allow for a quick and reliable estimation of the inlet pollutant concentration and of the outlet reactant conversion from some temperature measurements in the reactor, even when the pollutant concentration in the feed or the pollutant itself changes and when the reaction is moving toward extinction. The results may be used for control purposes, thus avoiding expensive hardware sensors and time‐consuming on‐line measurements. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Transfection of HeLa‐cells with pEGFP plasmid by impedance power‐assisted electroporation
Authors: Glahder Jacob , Norrild Bodil , Persson Mikael B. , Persson Bertil R.R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBioimpedance spectrometry was applied to study cell viability and pEGFP plasmid‐transfection efficiency in electroporation (EP) of 20,000 HeLa cells with 0.3 μg DNA in 90 μl low conductivity 0.32 M sucrose medium of pH 7.5. Monopolar rectangular pulses, of field strength 75 V/mm, and pulse length 0.1 ms were applied in 1–16 repetitions with a 10‐sec pause interval between pulses. Surviving cells were stained by crystal violet and counted using a confocal microscope. Transfected cells were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and counted as green spots in a fluorescence microscope. In the present investigation we used the method of bioimpedance spectrometry to analyze the effect of EP on survival and transfection ratio of cells in suspension. DC and low‐frequency AC currents preferably pass through the medium due to the high impedance of the cell membrane. At frequencies above 10 kHz the impedance of the cell membrane starts to decrease and the impedance value of the cell suspension approach a lower limit value R∞ at infinite frequency. Recording of electrical impedance spectra of cells in culture was performed over a frequency range of 10 Hz to 125 kHz, allowing separation of the contribution from extracellular space and that of the cell membranes. A parallel resistance capacitance model of the cell suspension was used to evaluate the response of applying EP pulses. The values of the collective membrane resistance RM decay exponentially (r2 = 0.995) with the number of applied pulses. The ratio of the extrapolated value of the intact membrane resistance before pulsing, RM,0, and the value RM,N after each pulse makes an index of the effect of electroporation on the cells. The ratio RM,N/RM,0 as well as the relative change of the dissipation factor, tanδ, on the “Loss Change Index” (LCI) fits well a dose–response model (r2 = 0.98) with the number of applied pulses. The changes in the model parameters membrane resistance ΔRM = [1‐ RM,N/RM,o] and loss factor [1‐ tanδ0/tanδN] correlate well with the transfection ratio and fraction of dead cells. Those parameters were used for power‐assisted electroporation in monitoring, controlling, and optimizing the EP procedure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Palladium(II)‐Substituted, Lone Pair Containing Tungstoarsenates(III) [Na2(H2O)2PdWO(H2O) (α‐AsW9O33)2]10‐ and [Cs2Na(H2O)8Pd3 (α‐AsW9O33)2]9‐.
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , Kortz Ulrich , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis , Daniels Lee 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Hydrazonoyl Halides. Part 43. Synthesis of Some New 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles, Pyrazoles, Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyridazines, Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines, Pyrimidino[4′,5′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines and Pyrrolo[3,4‐d]pyrazoles.
Authors: Abdelhamid Abdou O. , Alkhodshi Mohamed A. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one Hydrotribromide (MPHT), a Mild Reagent for Selective Bromination of Carbonyl Compounds: Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Bromo‐1‐naphtols.
Authors: Bekaert Alain , Provot Olivier , Rasolojaona Olimihamina , Alami Mouad , Brion Jean‐Daniel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of New α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactones: Alkyl 3‐Acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydrofuran‐2‐ylcarbamates.
Authors: Uengoeren S. H. , Sacmaci M. , Akcamur Y. , Arici C. , Uelkue D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regiospecific One‐Pot Synthesis of New Trifluoromethyl Substituted Heteroaryl Pyrazolyl Ketones.
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Oliveira Marli R. , Costa Michelle B. , da Silva Leticia B. , Wastowski Arci D. , Zanatta Nilo , Martins Marcos A. P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polyfunctionalized Aryllead Triacetates in a Cascade Synthesis of Tetracyclic Isochromanocoumarin‐Type Compounds.
Authors: Naumov Mikael I. , Ganina Olga G. , Shavirin Andrew S. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Finet Jean‐Pierre , Fedorov Alexey Yu. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and X‐Ray Study of Novel Azofurazan‐Annulated Macrocyclic Lactams.
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Aleksandrova Nataliya S. , Dmitriev Dmitrii E. , Averkiev Boris B. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
FairThreads: mixing cooperative and preemptive threads in C
Authors: Boussinot Frédéric 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFairThreads introduces fair threads which are executed in a cooperative way when linked to a scheduler, and in a preemptive way otherwise. Constructs exist for programming the dynamic linking/unlinking of threads during execution. Users can profit from the cooperative scheduling when threads are linked. For example, data only accessed by the threads linked to the same scheduler does not need to be protected by locks. Users can also profit from the preemptive scheduling provided by the operating system (OS) when threads are unlinked, for example to deal with blocking I/Os. In the cooperative context, for the threads linked to the same scheduler, FairThreads make it possible to use broadcast events. Broadcasting is a powerful, abstract, and modular means of communication. Basically, event broadcasting is made possible by the specific way threads are scheduled by the scheduler to which they are linked (the ‘fair’ strategy). FairThreads give a way to deal with some limitations of the OS. Automata are special threads, coded as state machines, which do not need the allocation of a native thread and which have efficient execution. Automata also give a means to deal with the limited number of native threads available when large numbers of concurrent tasks are needed, for example in simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of Direct and TiO2‐Photocatalysed UV Degradation of Phenylurea Herbicides
Authors: Canle López Moisés , Fernández M. Isabel , Rodríguez Santiago , Santaballa J. Arturo , Steenken Steen , Vulliet Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPhenylurea herbicides undergo low‐yield (ϕPI <15 %) monophotonic photoionisation upon 193‐nm laser flash excitation. The so‐formed radical cations (phenylurea.+) are highly acidic (−1.5<pKa<0.5) and deprotonate readily to yield the corresponding neutral radical (phenylurea.). Pulse radiolysis experiments allowed limitation of the reduction potential of phenylurea.+ within 2.22 V versus the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE)<E° (phenylurea.+/phenylurea)<2.43 V versus NHE. The main photoproducts of UVC (λ=193 nm) photodegradation of phenylureas correspond to a photo‐Fries rearrangement. One‐electron reduction with e${{{- \hfill \atop aq\hfill}}}$ yields the corresponding radical anions (phenylurea.−), for which 4.3<pKa<5.33. The rate constants for reaction with e${{{- \hfill \atop aq\hfill}}}$ show that in photocatalysis the generation of phenylurea.− and O2.− on the surface of the photocatalyst may be competitive. High reactivity toward e${{{- \hfill \atop aq\hfill}}}$ is predicted from linear free‐energy relationships (LFER) for phenylureas bearing electron‐withdrawing groups. Reaction with HO. takes place mainly via addition to the aromatic ring and/or H. abstraction from a saturated carbon atom (98 %), rather than one‐electron oxidation (2 %). High reactivity toward oxidation by HO. is predicted from LFER for phenylureas bearing electron‐donating groups. Adsorption studies for TiO2 in its polymorphic forms of rutile and anatase, as well as with the commercial mixture Degussa P‐25, show photocatalysis is independent of the specific area of the catalyst. A variety of compounds are generated during the photocatalytic degradation of Diuron, while only two hydroxychloro derivatives are observed upon prolonged direct 365 nm irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation proceeds mainly by oxidation of the Me group of the side chain, hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, and dechlorination. The photoproducts of photocatalytic degradation differ from one polymorphic form of TiO2 to another.