bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of artificial intelligence chatbot large language models to address skeletal biology and bone health queries
Authors: Cung Michelle , Sosa Branden , Yang He S , McDonald Michelle M , Matthews Brya G , Vlug Annegreet G , Imel Erik A , Wein Marc N , Stein Emily Margaret , Greenblatt Matthew B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots utilizing large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest due to their ability to generate humanlike responses to user inquiries in an interactive dialog format. While these models are being increasingly utilized to obtain medical information by patients, scientific and medical providers, and trainees to address biomedical questions, their performance may vary from field to field. The opportunities and risks these chatbots pose to the widespread understanding of skeletal health and science are unknown. Here we assess the performance of 3 high-profile LLM chatbots, Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) 4.0, BingAI, and Bard, to address 30 questions in 3 categories: basic and translational skeletal biology, clinical practitioner management of skeletal disorders, and patient queries to assess the accuracy and quality of the responses. Thirty questions in each of these categories were posed, and responses were independently graded for their degree of accuracy by four reviewers. While each of the chatbots was often able to provide relevant information about skeletal disorders, the quality and relevance of these responses varied widely, and ChatGPT 4.0 had the highest overall median score in each of the categories. Each of these chatbots displayed distinct limitations that included inconsistent, incomplete, or irrelevant responses, inappropriate utilization of lay sources in a professional context, a failure to take patient demographics or clinical context into account when providing recommendations, and an inability to consistently identify areas of uncertainty in the relevant literature. Careful consideration of both the opportunities and risks of current AI chatbots is needed to formulate guidelines for best practices for their use as source of information about skeletal health and biology.
Rapid bone microarchitecture decline in older men with high bone turnover—the prospective STRAMBO study
Authors: Szulc Pawel , Whittier Danielle E , Boyd Steven K , Chapurlat Roland 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Older men with high bone turnover have faster bone loss. We assessed the link between the baseline levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and the prospectively assessed bone microarchitecture decline in men. In 825 men aged 60–87 yr, we measured the serum osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and urinary total deoxypyridinoline (tDPD). Bone microarchitecture and strength (distal radius and distal tibia) were estimated by high-resolution pQCT (XtremeCT, Scanco Medical) at baseline and then after 4 and 8 yr. Thirty-seven men took medications affecting bone metabolism. Statistical models were adjusted for age and BMI. At the distal radius, the decrease in the total bone mineral density (Tt.BMD), cortical BMD (Ct.BMD), cortical thickness (Ct.Thd), and cortical area (Ct.Ar) and failure load was faster in the highest vs the lowest CTX-I quartile (failure load: −0.94 vs –0.31% yr−1, P &lt; .001). Patterns were similar for distal tibia. At the distal tibia, bone decline (Tt.BMD, Ct.Thd, Ct.Ar, Ct.BMD, and failure load) was faster in the highest vs the lowest tDPD quartile. At each skeletal site, the rate of decrease in Tb.BMD differed between the extreme OC quartiles (P &lt; .001). Men in the highest BAP quartile had a faster loss of Tt.BMD, Tb.BMD, reaction force, and failure load vs the lowest quartile. The link between PINP and bone decline was poor. The BTM score is the sum of the nos. of the quartiles for each BTM. Men in the highest quartile of the score had a faster loss of cortical bone and bone strength vs the lowest quartile. Thus, in the older men followed prospectively for 8 yr, the rate of decline in bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength was 50%–215% greater in men with high bone turnover (highest quartile, CTX-I above the median) compared to the men with low bone turnover (lowest quartile, CTX-I below the median).
Identification ofkinesin family member (KIF22)homozygous variants in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, lepdodactylic type and demonstration of proteoglycan biosynthesis impairment
Authors: Dubail Johanne , Rondeau Sophie , Michot Caroline , Baujat Geneviève , Capri Yline , Thévenon Julien , Charpie Maelle , Pejin Zagorka , Phan Gilles , Huber Céline , Cormier-Daire Valérie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHeterozygous variants in KIF22, encoding a kinesin-like protein, are responsible for spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, leptodactilic type (lepto-SEMDJL), characterized by short stature, flat face, generalized joint laxity with multiple dislocations, and progressive scoliosis and limb deformity. By targeted gene sequencing analysis, we identified a homozygous KIF22 variant (NM_007317.3: c.146G&gt;A, p.Arg49Gln) in 3 patients from 3 unrelated families. The clinical features appeared similar to those of patients carrying heterozygous KIF22 variant (c.443C&gt;T or c.446G&gt;A), although the spinal involvement appeared later and was less severe in patients with a recessive variant. Relatives harboring the c.146G&gt;A variant at the heterozygous state were asymptomatic. The homozygous KIF22 variant c.146G&gt;A affected a conserved residue located in the active site and potentially destabilized ATP binding. RT-PCR and western blot analyses demonstrated that both dominant and recessive KIF22 variants do not affect KIF22 mRNA and protein expression in patient fibroblasts compared to controls. As lepto-SEMDJL presents phenotypic overlap with chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations (CMD), related to defective proteoglycan biosynthesis, we analyzed proteoglycan synthesis in patient skin fibroblasts. Compared to controls, DMMB assay showed a significant decrease of total sulfated proteoglycan content in culture medium but not in the cell layer, and immunofluorescence demonstrated a strong reduction of staining for chondroitin sulfates but not for heparan sulfates, similarly in patients with recessive or dominant KIF22 variants. These data identify a new recessive KIF22 pathogenic variant and link for the first time KIF22 pathogenic variants to altered proteoglycan biosynthesis and place the lepto-SEMDJL in the CMD spectrum.
Investigating Respondent Attention to Experimental Text Lengths
Authors: Rettig Tobias , Blom Annelies G 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Whether respondents pay adequate attention to a questionnaire has long been of concern to survey researchers. In this study, we measure respondents’ attention with an instruction manipulation check. We investigate which respondents read question texts of experimentally varied lengths and which become inattentive in a probability-based online panel of the German population. We find that respondent attention is closely linked to text length. Individual response speed is strongly correlated with respondent attention, but a fixed cutoff time is unsuitable as a standalone attention indicator. Differing levels of attention are also associated with respondents’ age, gender, education, panel experience, and the device used to complete the survey. Removal of inattentive respondents is thus likely to result in a biased remaining sample. Instead, questions should be curtailed to encourage respondents of different backgrounds and abilities to read them attentively and provide optimized answers.
Alienated Heroines in Basil, Lady Audley’s Secret, and East Lynne: A Jaeggian Reading
Authors: Qian Rui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
While the term ‘alienation’ is frequently mentioned in criticism of sensation fiction, there is a lack of a stringent definition of this term. This article aims to address this gap with a focused examination of the depiction of alienation in three sensation novels, Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) by M. E. Braddon, East Lynne (1861) by Mrs Henry Wood, and Basil (1852) by Wilkie Collins. Borrowing a critical framework from contemporary philosopher Rahel Jaeggi, the article sees alienation as an obstructed relation of ‘appropriation’. According to Jaeggi, to appropriate is, briefly, to take oneself and one’s world at one’s own command. The relation of appropriation bespeaks a more profound relationship between the self and the world than ownership. Previous studies of sensation heroines often associate their alienation with their desires for material property. With Jaeggi’s critical framework, however, this article moves forward by identifying a parallel between the heroines’ troubled desires for material possessions and their problematic relationships in life. Through a Jaeggian lens, all three texts illustrate the heroines’ dispossession of the self and dispossession of property as profoundly, even structurally, linked. A Jaeggian reading of the novels also provides new insights into the genre’s ideological function, particularly in relation to the limited social roles and precarious hold on the material world faced by ambitious Victorian women.
Probing three-dimensional magnetic fields: II – an interpretable Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Hu Yue , Lazarian A , Wu Yan , Fu Chengcheng 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Observing 3D magnetic fields, including orientation and strength, within the interstellar medium is vital but notoriously difficult. However, recent advances in our understanding of anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence demonstrate that MHD turbulence and 3D magnetic fields leave their imprints on the intensity features of spectroscopic observations. Leveraging these theoretical frameworks, we propose a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to extract this embedded information, enabling the probe of 3D magnetic fields. This model examines the plane-of-the-sky magnetic field orientation (ϕ), the magnetic field’s inclination angle (γ) relative to the line-of-sight, and the total magnetization level (M$_{\rm A}^{-1}$) of the cloud. We train the model using synthetic emission lines of 13CO (J = 1–0) and C18O (J = 1–0), generated from 3D MHD simulations that span conditions from sub-Alfvénic to super-Alfvénic molecular clouds. Our tests confirm that the CNN model effectively reconstructs the 3D magnetic field topology and magnetization. The median uncertainties are under 5° for both ϕ and γ, and less than 0.2 for MA in sub-Alfvénic conditions (MA ≈ 0.5). In super-Alfvénic scenarios (MA ≈ 2.0), they are under 15° for ϕ and γ, and 1.5 for MA. We applied this trained CNN model to the L1478 molecular cloud. Results show a strong agreement between the CNN-predicted magnetic field orientation and that derived from Planck 353 GHz polarization. The CNN approach enabled us to construct the 3D magnetic field map for L1478, revealing a global inclination angle of ≈76° and a global MA of ≈1.07.
Cosmology from cross-correlation of ACT-DR4 CMB lensing and DES-Y3 cosmic shear
Authors: Shaikh S , Harrison I , van Engelen A , Marques G A , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Alves O , Amon A , An R , Bacon D , Battaglia N , Becker M R , Bernstein G M , Bertin E , Blazek J , Bond J R , Brooks D , Burke D L , Calabrese E , Rosell A Carnero , Carretero J , Cawthon R , Chang C , Chen R , Choi A , Choi S K , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , Darwish O , Davis T M , Desai S , Devlin M , Diehl H T , Doel P , Doux C , Elvin-Poole J , Farren G S , Ferraro S , Ferrero I , Ferté A , Flaugher B , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gatti M , Giannini G , Giardiello S , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gutierrez G , Hill J C , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Huffenberger K M , Huterer D , James D J , Jarvis M , Jeffrey N , Jense H T , Knowles K , Kim J , Kramer D , Lahav O , Lee S , Lima M , MacCrann N , Madhavacheril M S , Marshall J L , McCullough J , Mehta Y , Mena-Fernández J , Miquel R , Mohr J J , Moodley K , Myles J , Navarro-Alsina A , Newburgh L , Niemack M D , Omori Y , Pandey S , Partridge B , Pieres A , Malagón A A Plazas , Porredon A , Prat J , Qu F J , Robertson N , Rollins R P , Roodman A , Samuroff S , Sánchez C , Sanchez E , Cid D Sanchez , Secco L F , Sehgal N , Sheldon E , Sherwin B D , Shin T , Sifón C , Smith M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Troxel M A , Tutusaus I , Vargas C , Weaverdyck N , Wiseman P , Yamamoto M , Zuntz J ,   (The ACT and DES Collaborations)
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Cross-correlation between weak lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and weak lensing of galaxies offers a way to place robust constraints on cosmological and astrophysical parameters with reduced sensitivity to certain systematic effects affecting individual surveys. We measure the angular cross-power spectrum between the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR4 CMB lensing and the galaxy weak lensing measured by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Y3 data. Our baseline analysis uses the CMB convergence map derived from ACT-DR4 and Planck data, where most of the contamination due to the thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich effect is removed, thus avoiding important systematics in the cross-correlation. In our modelling, we consider the nuisance parameters of the photometric uncertainty, multiplicative shear bias and intrinsic alignment of galaxies. The resulting cross-power spectrum has a signal-to-noise ratio = 7.1 and passes a set of null tests. We use it to infer the amplitude of the fluctuations in the matter distribution (S8 ≡ σ8(Ωm/0.3)0.5 = 0.782 ± 0.059) with informative but well-motivated priors on the nuisance parameters. We also investigate the validity of these priors by significantly relaxing them and checking the consistency of the resulting posteriors, finding them consistent, albeit only with relatively weak constraints. This cross-correlation measurement will improve significantly with the new ACT-DR6 lensing map and form a key component of the joint 6×2pt analysis between DES and ACT.
CDK4/6-Inhibitors Versus Chemotherapy in Advanced HR+/HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: Results and Correlative Biomarker Analyses of the KENDO Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: Schettini Francesco , Palleschi Michela , Mannozzi Francesca , Brasó-Maristany Fara , Cecconetto Lorenzo , Galván Patricia , Mariotti Marita , Ferrari Alessia , Scarpi Emanuela , Miserocchi Anna , Nanni Oriana , Sanfeliu Esther , Prat Aleix , Rocca Andrea , De Giorgi Ugo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The optimal treatment approach for hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (HR+/HER2-negative MBC) with aggressive characteristics remains controversial, with lack of randomized trials comparing cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6-inhibitors (CDK4/6i) + endocrine therapy (ET) with chemotherapy + ET.

Materials and methods
We conducted an open-label randomized phase II trial (NCT03227328) to investigate whether chemotherapy + ET is superior to CDK4/6i + ET for HR+/HER2-negative MBC with aggressive features. PAM50 intrinsic subtypes (IS), immunological features, and gene expression were assessed on baseline samples.

Results
Among 49 randomized patients (median follow-up: 35.2 months), median progression-free survival (mPFS) with chemotherapy + ET (11.2 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.7-15.4) was numerically shorter than mPFS (19.9 months, 95% CI: 9.0-30.6) with CDK4/6i + ET (hazard ratio: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.75-2.64). Basal-like tumors under CDK4/6i + ET exhibited worse PFS (mPFS: 11.4 months, 95% CI: 3.00-not reached [NR]) and overall survival (OS; mOS: 18.8 months, 95% CI: 18.8-NR) compared to other subtypes (mPFS: 20.7 months, 95% CI: 9.00-33.4; mOS: NR, 95% CI: 24.4-NR). In the chemotherapy arm, luminal A tumors showed poorer PFS (mPFS: 5.1 months, 95% CI: 2.7-NR) than other IS (mPFS: 13.2 months, 95% CI: 10.6-28.1). Genes/pathways involved in BC cell survival and proliferation were associated with worse outcomes, as opposite to most immune-related genes/signatures, especially in the CDK4/6i arm. CD24 was the only gene significantly associated with worse PFS in both arms. Tertiary lymphoid structures and higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes also showed favorable survival trends in the CDK4/6i arm.

Conclusions
The KENDO trial, although closed prematurely, adds further evidence supporting CDK4/6i + ET use in aggressive HR+/HER2-negative MBC instead of chemotherapy. PAM50 IS, genomic, and immunological features are promising biomarkers to personalize therapeutic choices.
Non-formality of Voronov’s Swiss-Cheese operads
Authors: Idrissi Najib , Vieira Renato Vasconcellos 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Swiss-Cheese operads, which encode actions of algebras over the little n-cubes operad on algebras over the little $(n-1)$-cubes operad, comes in several variants. We prove that the variant in which open operations must have at least one open input is not formal in characteristic zero. This is slightly stronger than earlier results of Livernet and Willwacher. The obstruction to formality that we find lies in arity $(2, 2^n)$, rather than $(2, 0)$ (Livernet) or $(4, 0)$ (Willwacher).
Keats’s Music of Reciprocity: Friendship, Peterloo, and ‘To Autumn’
Authors: Suzuki Yoshikazu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article explores the implications of the sunset music in the third stanza of ‘To Autumn’ in terms of John Keats’s ethics of friendship and his response to contemporary politics. The letters he wrote in the summer of 1819, when his financial situation was more alarming than ever, show a preoccupation with the exchange of duties as the foundation of friendship. This moral commitment is suggested by the harmony of the animals’ intermingling voices in ‘To Autumn’, which draws on the antiphonal hymnody of Milton’s earth-walking angels in Paradise Lost. On the other hand, as an art form of harmonious mutual obligation, Keats’s polyphonic music echoes broader reformist claims for national unity in the immediate aftermath of the Peterloo massacre, and reflects Keats’s identification of his poetic vocation with the public career of radical leaders such as Henry ‘Orator’ Hunt.
Effects of contextualized emotional conflict control on domain-general conflict control: fMRI evidence of neural network reconfiguration
Authors: Guo Tingting , Wang Xiyuan , Wu Junjie , Schwieter W. John , Liu Huanhuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Domain-general conflict control refers to the cognitive process in which individuals suppress task-irrelevant information and extract task-relevant information. It supports both effective implementation of cognitive conflict control and emotional conflict control. The present study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging and adopted an emotional valence conflict task and the arrow version of the flanker task to induce contextualized emotional conflicts and cognitive conflicts, respectively. The results from the conjunction analysis showed that the multitasking-related activity in the pre-supplementary motor area, bilateral dorsal premotor cortices, the left posterior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the left anterior IPS and the right inferior occipital gyrus represents common subprocesses for emotional and cognitive conflict control, either in parallel or in close succession. These brain regions were used as nodes in the domain-general conflict control network. The results from the analyses on the brain network connectivity patterns revealed that emotional conflict control reconfigures the domain-general conflict control network in a connective way as evidenced by different communication and stronger connectivity among the domain-general conflict control network. Together, these findings offer the first empirical-based elaboration on the brain network underpinning emotional conflict control and how it reconfigures the domain-general conflict control network in interactive ways.
The early emergence of ombuds systems in Japanese science universities
Authors: Brummer Matthew , Bamkin Sam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ombuds systems in higher education institutes have become increasingly commonplace in North America and Europe, yet there remains a dearth of studies that examine dispute resolution systems in Asia. This article examines the case of Japan, a veritable technology powerhouse that adopted its first organizational ombuds offices in 2019 and 2021 at two leading science universities: Okinawa Institute of Technology and Kyushu Institute of Technology. We assess why these were established, how the change came about, and with what remit the offices are entrusted. We find that policy transfer from abroad occurred in both cases, yet with considerably different degrees of obligation and volitional lesson-drawing, and to considerably different ends. Additionally, policy entrepreneurs played key roles in agenda setting and institutionalization. Nearly all interviewees in this study raised the issue of gender harassment as an enduring challenge for which new conflict resolution mechanisms are needed. The two newly introduced ombuds offices therefore represent one possible model for leveling inequalities in the science landscape.
The spatial mobility network and influencing factors of the higher education population in China
Authors: Shi Wentian , Mu Xueying , Yang Wenlong , Gui Qinchang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The scale and frequency of talent mobility in the world have increased sharply, and the competition for talent has intensified in various regions. This paper mainly studies the spatial mobility characteristics and influencing factors of China’s highly educated talents. It found that China’s higher education population mobility network has prominent uneven characteristics, the central and eastern regions of China, especially the eastern coastal regions, are the hotspots of the network. The higher education population flows frequently in large cities and regional central areas. The hierarchical structure follows a “north-south division,” which is dominated by Beijing and Shanghai, respectively. Geographical distance has a specific hindering effect in this context. Furthermore, the similarity of culture, institutions, customs, and dialect facilitates the mobility of the higher education population. Cities with high economic levels, centralized educational resources, sound infrastructure, and aesthetically appealing environments are also likely to attract more talents.