bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Event Reporting with Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Hartnell Nicole R , Wilson James P , Patel Nick C , Crismon M Lynn 
Published: August 2003

Objective The Weber effect is a phenomenon which states that the number of reported adverse reactions for a drug increases until the middle to end of the second year of marketing. The purpose of this study was to examine the number of adverse event reports associated with specific selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use. Methods Data used in this study included voluntary adverse event reports submitted to the US federal government through the Spontaneous Reporting System and Adverse Event Reporting System. Adverse event reports were analyzed for the following SSRIs: citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Results Adverse event reporting associated with fluvoxamine demonstrates the Weber effect. Adverse events related to fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline do not exhibit the Weber effect. Fluoxetine-related adverse events peaked at year 3, with peaks also occurring during the 10th and 12th years after market entry. Adverse event reports associated with paroxetine and sertraline use increased 5–8 years after market entry. Conclusions Within 1 class of medications, it is possible for a few agents to exhibit the Weber effect, while there is no definite pattern with others. A new observation in adverse event reporting is introduced and suggests that a peak in adverse event reporting occurs 1–2 years after a medication receives approval for a new indication. Future research is necessary to validate this effect and examine the generalizability to other medications.
Fatality from Administration of Labetalol and Crushed Extended-Release Nifedipine
Authors: Schier Joshua G , Howland Mary Ann , Hoffman Robert S , Nelson Lewis S 
Published: August 2003

Objective To report a case in which a crushed extended-release (XL) nifedipine tablet contributed to a patient fatality. Case Summary A 38-year-old woman with multiple medical problems presented to the hospital in acute respiratory distress and was diagnosed with acute pulmonary edema and pneumonia. After initial stabilization, her medications were changed to oral hydralazine, labetalol, and nifedipine XL. These medications were crushed and administered through a nasogastric tube. The patient developed worsening bradycardia with hypotension and experienced asystolic cardiac arrest. She was resuscitated; however, the following morning, another dose of labetalol and nifedipine XL was crushed and administered through the nasogastric tube. She again developed worsening bradycardia with hypotension and ultimately died. Discussion The administration of a crushed nifedipine XL tablet resulted in the patient's severe hypotension. The concurrent administration of labetalol prevented a compensatory heart rate increase. The repeat administration of nifedipine XL in the same manner underscores a fundamental problem in healthcare worker communication and drug delivery system comprehension. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a highly probable relationship between the patient's hypotension and the nifedipine and labetalol therapy. Conclusions Simultaneous administration of a β-blocker and a calcium-channel blocker may produce synergistic effects. The release characteristics of oral controlled-release medications are destroyed when crushed, resulting in the rapid bioavailability of the total drug amount. The importance of education and communication among nurses, physicians, and pharmacists regarding the mechanism of action of controlled-release medications and their administration needs to be emphasized.
Canadian and US Drug Approval Times and Safety Considerations
Authors: Rawson Nigel SB , Kaitin Kenneth I 
Published: August 2003

Background Approval times of new drugs are frequently longer in Canada than in the US, but it has been argued that reducing approval times might lead to unsafe drugs receiving marketing approval. Objective To compare new drug approval times in Canada and the US over a 10-year period and to relate them to safety discontinuations. Methods Application and approval dates of all new drugs except diagnostic products, new salts, esters, isomers, and dosage forms of already-marketed drugs, as well as combinations containing previously approved substances approved in the US and Canada between January 1992 and December 2001 were obtained from the respective drug regulatory agencies and other sources. Information about drugs discontinued for safety reasons was obtained from the agencies' publications and Web sites and from journal articles. Results New drug approval times were significantly longer in Canada than in the US. The difference occurs in all drug categories and by review type (priority/standard). However, the proportion of new drugs approved and later discontinued for safety reasons from the Canadian market (2.0%) was just over half that in the US (3.6%). Conclusions When serious drug safety problems were identified in a timely manner after US approval, the products were not subsequently approved in Canada. Canada avoided potential dangers because its longer approval times provided an opportunity to observe actual market experience in other countries. However, the trade-off is that new drugs, including those for conditions for which current therapy has limited efficacy, take significantly longer to be approved in Canada and, hence, to be available to Canadians.
Animal Cell Culture Media
Authors: Tsao Yung‐Shyeng , Gould Sandra L. , Robinson David K. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSerumChemically Defined Basal Media and Minimal Essential Media (MEM)Serum‐Free MediaProtein‐Free MediaMedium Stability and StorageMedium Development for Large‐Scale ProductionDevelopment of Serum‐Free Media: A Case StudyBibliographyAt the start of the twentieth century, researchers were trying to grow mammalian cells derived from biopsies, including cancer cells, fetal cells, and primary cells from various tissues. Since that time, medium development has followed one of two approaches; researchers have made use of biological fluids, including serum, embryo extracts, and protein digests, or they have studied those fluids and tried to find simpler substitutes for them. The following sections describe the basic components of cell culture media discovered by both of these approaches. These are (1)serumand its components, functions and processing; (2)chemically defined basal mediathat supplement serum for cell growth; (3)serum‐free media(or serum‐reconstitution); (4)protein‐free media(or serum‐protein replacement); (5)medium stabilityand storage; (6) medium development forlarge‐scaleproduction; and (7)a case studyfor developing a serum‐free medium.
Dicotyledons
Authors: Ramsay Margaret M. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract

Introduction

Seed Germination

Micropropagation

Axillary Shoot Production

Adventitious Bud Formation

Callus and Cell Suspension

Somatic Embryogenesis

Limitations: Contamination, Hyperhydricity, Recalcitrance and Oxidative Browning

Plant Genetic Engineering

Cryopreservation

Bibliography
History of Animal Cell Technology
Authors: Spier R.E. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe Emergence of the Concept of a CellPreparing the MindDevelopments in MicroscopyCells as the Basic Units of Living BeingsThe First CellsOn Various BeginingsLife then Cells or Cells then Life?Messages from Contemporary CellsWhat can Cells (as such) Bring to the Table?What can a Primordial Environment Offer?Introducing LifeConglomerates of ProkaryotesPhilosophical IssuesUsing Animal Cells in CultureA Multiphasic ProcessIdeas and Experiments: Animal Cells in the Solution of ControversiesTime for a Reconsideration?A Home from HomeEnvironments for Cell CulturistsChoosing Appropriate ToolsReflectionsBibliography
Moss, Molecular Tools for Phenotypic Analysis
Authors: Knight Celia D. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIntroductionLife Cycle ofP. PatensFITC Labeling of AntibodiesTransgenic MossReporter Gene AnalysisInducible Promoter–Reporter Gene AnalysisEvidence for Gene TargetingConcluding RemarksAcknowledgmentsBibliography
Off‐Line Immunoassays in Bioprocess Control
Authors: Pläsier Birgitt 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIntroductionCompetitive and Noncompetitive Immunoassays; RadioimmunoassayNephelometric and Turbidimetric ImmunoassaysEnzyme ImmunoassaysFluorescence ImmunoassayChemiluminescence and Bioluminescence ImmunoassaysSurface Plasmon Resonance and ImmunoassaysImmunoaffinity Chromatography; Capillary Electrophoretic ImmunoassaysMiscellaneous ImmunoassaysConclusionBibliography
Plant Cell Culture, Effect on Growth and Secondary Product Accumulation of Organic Compounds and Surfactants
Authors: Scragg Alan 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSolvent AdditionArtificial Accumulation SitesTwo Phase CulturesAddition of SurfactantsBibliographyA range of compounds not normally used in culture media has been added to plant‐cell cultures to improve growth or secondary product accumulation. These compounds have included solvents, ion‐exchange resins, surfactants, and perfluorocarbons. Many of these compounds have been added to increase the accumulation of secondary products in plant‐cell cultures. One approach has been to reduce the feedback inhibition upon secondary product accumulation by removing the secondary products from the cells as they are formed. Once synthesized, secondary products can be released into the medium but more frequently they are stored in the vacuole. Thus to release these compounds, the the tonoplast and cell membrane have to be crossed. Chemical agents, including organic solvents and detergents, have been used to permeabilize cells (1). Table 1 gives the concentrations of some agents required to extract 90% of the stored secondary product. For dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and chloroform, the levels required can be high. In almost all cases, the viability of the cells was low after treatment which resulted in the loss of the culture or a considerable reduction in productivity.
Receptors and Cell Signaling, Intracellular Receptors—Steroid Hormones and NO
Authors: Diamond Scott L. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIntroductionSteroids and their BiosynthesisSteroid Receptors and Gene RegulationNitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide SynthaseNitric Oxide: cGMP‐Dependent SignalingNitric Oxide: cGMP‐Independent SignalingNitric Oxide, Peroxynitrite, and NitrotyrosineCrosstalk between Nitric Oxide and Steroid SignalingSummary: Relevance to BiotechnologyAcknowledgmentsBibliography
Wrought Ni‐Base Superalloys for Steam Turbine Applications beyond 700 °C
Authors: Rösler J. , Götting M. , Del Genovese D. , Böttger B. , Kopp R. , Wolske M. , Schubert F. , Penkalla H.‐J. , Seliga T. , Thoma A. , Scholz A. , Berger C. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe development of a new steam turbine generation for use in advanced coal fired power plants with prospective operating temperatures beyond 700 °C and a projected thermodynamic efficiency of about 55 % requires, amongst other innovations, the partial substitution of ferritic steels by wrought Ni‐base superalloys. Although Ni‐base alloys are already widely used in the aerospace industry, they are faced with demands regarding component size and operation temperature, which by far exceed current aero‐engine requirements. In this article, the potential of selected alloys for 700 °C steam turbine applications is discussed with respect to their manufacturability and mechanical performance. Hereby, the focus is on the steam turbine rotor, which probably is the most critical component. It is concluded that material solutions are available for operation conditions around 600 °C but not for temperatures of 700 °C and above. Based on these results, alloy development strategies are suggested in order to close this gap and two new alloys, DT 706 and DT 750, are introduced.
Colobomatous macrophthalmia with microcornea syndrome: Report of a new pedigree
Authors: Toker Ebru , Elcioglu Nursel , Ozcan Eda , Yenice Ozlem , Ogut Mehdi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractColobomatous macrophthalmia with microcornea syndrome (MIM 602499) is a very rare eye malformation. To date, only two families with a total number of eight patients have been reported. We report on 13 additional cases in a single three‐generation family and describe the eye findings and quantitative parameters of corneal curvature and axial ocular dimensions. All affected relatives had bilateral involvement with typical inferonasal iris coloboma, chorioretinal coloboma, microcornea, and varying degrees of axial enlargement associated with myopia. Additional findings included flatter corneal curvatures and shallower anterior chambers. Iridocorneal angle abnormalities associated with elevation of intraocular pressure were detected in three patients. The pedigree confirms the autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with complete penetrance. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beare‐Stevenson syndrome: Two south american patients with FGFR2 analysis
Authors: Vargas Rosa Andrea Pardo , Maegawa Gustavo Henrique Boff , Taucher Silvia Castillo , Leite Júlio César L. , Sanz Patricia , Cifuentes Juan , Parra Mauro , Muñoz Hernán , Maranduba Carlos Magno , Passos‐Bueno Maria R. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe report two patients with Beare‐Stevenson syndrome. This syndrome presents craniosynostosis with or without clover‐leaf skull, craniofacial anomalies, cutis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans, prominent umbilical stump, furrowed palms and soles, genital and anal anomalies. Both female newborn patients presented at birth with craniofacial anomalies, variable cutis gyrata in forehead and preauricular regions, prominent umbilical stump and anogenital anomalies. Furrowed palms and soles were also observed. The radiologic examination showed a cloverleaf‐form craniosynostosis. Chromosomes were normal. They were born with respiratory distress and were connected to mechanical ventilation for ventilatory support. Both of them died in 50 days after birth due to secondary complications. The molecular analysis of these patients identified the mutation Tyr375Cys in the FGFR2 gene. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a Wilms tumor in a 9‐year‐old girl with trisomy 18
Authors: Anderson Carol E. , Punnett Hope H. , Huff Vicki , de Chadarévian Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis is a report of a trisomy 18 patient who developed Wilms tumor in conjunction with perilobar nephroblastomatosis (NB) at 9 years and 5 months of age. Review of the literature revealed that most patients with trisomy 18 who develop Wilms tumor, do so at a later than expected age for a tumor related to NB, and are females. In this case, no chromosome 11 WT1 mutation was detected by PCR/SSCP analysis, but the tumor had in addition to the trisomy, an isochromosome 7q and loss of heterozygosity at 16q, two mutations that have been linked independently to Wilms tumorigenesis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linkage study between congenital cataracts and five crystallin loci
Authors: Barr Cathy L. , Levin Alex V. , Kovacs Ronald , Muller Werner , Barsoum‐Homsy Magda , Zachary Dalila , Clark Rakia A. , Tsilfidis Catherine 
Published: July 2003

AbstractCongenital cataracts are a common cause of preventable blindness in children. We studied autosomal dominant congenital cataracts in 38 families and examined linkage between cataract loci and the crystallin genes on chromosomes 2, 11, 17, 21, and 22. We used clinical information to group families with phenotypically similar cataracts and analyzed the genetic data in these groups. Although LOD scores > 3.0 were not obtained, we found some support for linkage to four of the chromosomal regions examined, namely 2q33‐35, 17q11.2‐12, 21q22.3, and 22q11.2. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a known cryptic translocation: Follow‐up clinical report and implication of segregation products
Authors: McKenzie L.J. , Cisneros P.L. , Torsky S. , Bacino C.A. , Buster J.E. , Carson S.A. , Simpson J.L. , Bischoff F. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis report describes preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of a couple with a known paternally‐derived balanced cryptic translocation 46,XY.ish t(2q;17q)(210E14−,B37c1+;B37c1−,210E14+) in embryos from a couple who previously had a child with severe mental retardation and was previously described in this journal [Bacino et al., 2000]. This child inherited the unbalanced product of translocation from her father: 46,XX.ish der(2)t(2q;17q)pat(210E14−,B37c1+). The couple desired a normal offspring and sought PGD to avoid clinical pregnancy termination. They were treated three times with in vitro fertilization followed by PGD. Two sequential FISH hybridizations were performed. In the first hybridization, telomeric probes to 2q and 17q and a chromosome 17 centromere probe were employed. The second hybridization screened for maternal age‐related aneuploidy (X,Y,13,18,21). Of the 18 informative embryos, only 4 (22%) were normal. The remaining 12 (67%) were abnormal; most with unbalanced products (10/12) from the paternally‐derived rearrangement. The most frequent mode of segregation observed for this cryptic translocation was adjacent‐1 (7/18, 39%). This suggests cryptic translocations are amenable to PGD and, as are traditional translocations, demonstrate higher frequencies of unbalanced segregants than the empiric risk of 10–15% observed at amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Thus, cryptic translocations presumably behave like overt translocations, in that PGD must be performed on a relatively large number of embryos to assure even 2–3 transferable embryos. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and molecular analysis of Grebe acromesomelic dysplasia in an Omani family
Authors: Al‐Yahyaee Said Ali S. , Al‐Kindi Mohammed Nasser , Habbal Omar , Kumar Dilip Sankhla 
Published: July 2003

AbstractGrebe syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive acromesomelic dysplasia. The syndrome was studied clinically, radiographically, and genetically in an Omani family with four affected children. The affected persons had normal axial skeletons, severely shortened, and deformed limbs with severity increasing in a proximo‐distal gradient, and subluxated joints. The humeri and femora were hypoplastic with distal malformations. The radii/ulnae were shortened and deformed whereas carpal bones were invariably rudimentary or absent. The tibiae appeared rudimentary; fibulae were absent in two children, and some tarsal and metatarsal bones were absent. The proximal and middle phalanges were absent while the distal phalanges were present. The father and mother had short first metacarpal and middle phalynx of the fifth finger and hallux valgus respectively. Transition A1137G and deletion delG1144 mutations in the gene encoding the cartilage‐derived morphogenetic protein‐1 (CDMP‐1) were identified in this family. The A1137G is a silent mutation coding for lysine, whereas the delG1144 predicts a frameshift mutation resulting in a presumable loss of the CDMP‐1 biologically active carboxy‐terminal domain. The affected siblings were homozygous for the delG1144 mutation while parents were heterozygous. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of PERIOD and pigment‐dispersing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera): Age‐ and time‐related plasticity
Authors: Bloch Guy , Solomon Sonya M. , Robinson Gene E. , Fahrbach Susan E. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe explored the neural basis of age‐ and task‐related plasticity in circadian patterns of activity in the honeybee. To identify putative circadian pacemakers in the bee brain, we used antibodies against Drosophila melanogaster and Antheraea pernyi PERIOD and an antiserum to crustacean pigment‐dispersing hormone (PDH) known to cross‐react with insect pigment‐dispersing factors (PDFs). In contrast to previous results from Drosophila, PDH and PER immunoreactivity (‐ir) were not colocalized in bee neurons. The most intense PER‐ir was cytoplasmic, in two groups of large neurons in the protocerebrum. The number of protocerebral PER‐ir neurons and PER‐ir intensity within individual cells were highest in brains collected during subjective night and higher in old bees than in young bees. These results are consistent with previous analyses of brain per mRNA in honeybees. Nuclear PER‐ir was found throughout the brain, including the optic and antennal lobes. A single group of PDH‐ir neurons (approximately 20/optic lobe) was consistently and intensely labeled at the medial margin of the medulla, independent of age or time of day. The processes of these neurons extended to specific neuropils in the protocerebrum and the optic lobes but not to the deutocerebrum. The patterns displayed by PER‐ and PDH‐ir do not completely match any patterns previously described. This suggests that, although clock proteins are conserved across insect groups, there is no universal pattern of coexpression that allows ready identification of pacemaker neurons within the insect brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 464:269–284, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatosensation in the superior colliculus of the star‐nosed mole
Authors: Crish Samuel D. , Comer Christopher M. , Marasco Paul D. , Catania Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe superior colliculus (or optic tectum in nonmammals) plays a critical role in the visual system and is essential for integrating sensory inputs to guide eye and head movements. However, what is the role of the superior colliculus (SC) in species that depend almost exclusively on touch? In this study we examined the SC of the star‐nosed mole, a subterranean mammal that, instead of using vision, explores its environment using its tactile star. The star acts like a mechanosensory eye with a central tactile fovea that is constantly shifted in a saccadic manner. Multiunit microelectrode recordings were used to determine the topography and receptive field organization of somatosensory inputs to the SC and to test for visual and auditory responses. Here we report an SC dominated by somatosensory inputs in which neurons in all layers responded to mechanosensory stimulation, forming a topographic representation of contralateral body dominated by the mechanosensory star. Receptive fields were large, and appendage representations overlapped, suggesting that the SC may use a distributed, population code to guide the saccadic movements of the mole's touch fovea. No auditory or visual responses were recorded from the SC, although neurons in the neighboring inferior colliculus responded to auditory stimuli. Layers IVb–VII were identified, and a layer superficial to IVb contained neurons that responded to somatosensory stimulation, suggesting that there are unique patterns of afferents in the star‐nosed mole's SC. J. Comp. Neurol. 464:415–425, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.