bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of organic carbon pools and sequestration potential as affected under different agroforestry systems
Authors: Das Shaon Kumar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are few data on the possibility of soil organic carbon sequestration for agroforestry systems (AFSs). Rarely are the effects of AFSs established for the regeneration of carbon in degraded soils of the Indian North Eastern Himalayas (susceptible to soil erosion, carbon and nutrient loss) examined. The effects of five different AFSs on the stability of organic carbon pools and sequestration potential were evaluated at the ICAR-Sikkim Centre. Black gram + mandarin + Alnus nepalensis had the lowest bulk density at all depths. The highest oxidizable carbon was observed in the black gram + mandarin + Alnus nepalensis system, followed by soybean + Ficus hookerii + guava, maize + Schima wallichii, and soybean + Ficus hookerii + guava, followed by Napier. Regardless of soil depth, the buckwheat + mandarin system had a noticeably lower SOC than the other systems. The total soil organic carbon gradually decreased with increasing depth of the soil profile. According to the results, there was little difference in the total active carbon pool in the 0–90 cm depth among the various systems; however, when compared with Buckwheat + Mandarin, it varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The mean passive carbon pool in soils ranged from 22.4 to 25.1 Mg ha−1 across the land use in the 0–90 cm depth. The least soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was observed during the winter season in all systems at different soil depths. The maximum MBC was recorded at 0 to 15 cm depth (476.2 – 302.5 µg dry soil−1). By simultaneously cultivating kinds of trees with several uses and agri-horticultural crops, a large-scale adoption of AFSs may replace carbon lost via the development of the crop in degraded soils and offer a viable choice for livelihood.
Guidelines for cervical cancer screening in China
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Wei Lihui , Sui Long , Ma Ding , Kong Beihua , Wu Xiaohua , Wu Peng , Qiao Youlin , Zhao Fanghui , Wang Linhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn response to the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in China and global screening strategies, a collaborative effort was undertaken by seven Chinese medical associations to develop this guideline for cervical cancer screening. The guideline recommends high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) testing as the preferred method for primary screening, which should have been approved by authoritative institutions and clinically validated for primary screening. In areas without access to HPV testing, cytology can be used as an alternative. However, it is recommended to replace cytology with HPV-based screening as conditions permit. Cotesting (HPV testing in combination with cytology) is recommended for areas with sufficient medical resources, opportunistic screening populations, and partial special populations. The guideline recommends that individuals with a cervix initiate cervical cancer screening at the age 25 years and undergo HPV testing alone or cotesting every five years, or cytology alone every three years. Women over the age of 65 who have had documented adequate negative prior screening in the past may terminate screening. Corresponding screening programs are proposed for different special populations. The development of these guidelines is an important step in the effort to eliminate cervical cancer in China.
Development of a handheld integrating sphere snow grain sizer (HISSGraS)
Authors: Aoki Teruo , Hachikubo Akihiro , Nishimura Motoshi , Hori Masahiro , Niwano Masashi , Tanikawa Tomonori , Sugiura Konosuke , Inoue Ryo , Yamaguchi Satoru , Matoba Sumito , Shimada Rigen , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Gallet Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We developed a Handheld Integrating Sphere Snow Grain Sizer (HISSGraS) for field use to measure the specific surface area (SSA) of snow. In addition to snow samples, HISSGraS can directly measure snow surfaces and snow pit walls. The basic measurement principle is the same as that of the IceCube SSA instrument. The retrieval algorithm for SSA from reflectance employs two conversion equations formulated using spherical and nonspherical grain shape models. We observed SSAs using HISSGraS, IceCube and the gas adsorption method in a snowfield in Hokkaido, Japan. Intercomparison of the results confirmed that with HISSGraS direct measurement, SSA profile observations can be completed in just ~1/10 the time required for measurement of snow samples. Our results also suggest that HISSGraS and IceCube have similar accuracy when the same snow samples are measured using the same grain shape model. However, SSAs of near-surface snow layers measured using the three techniques exhibited some biases, possibly due to rapid snow metamorphism or melting during measurement and some technical issues with optical techniques. When excluding SSA data for the surface layer, which metamorphosed remarkably during measurement, IceCube- and HISSGraS-derived SSAs correlated strongly with those obtained by gas adsorption and HISSGraS accuracy is 21–34%.
Exceptional thinning through the entire altitudinal range of Mont-Blanc glaciers during the 2021/22 mass balance year
Authors: Berthier Etienne , Vincent Christian , Six Delphine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Widespread glacier losses have been observed in most glaciated regions on Earth during recent decades, with a typical pattern of strong thinning in their lower reaches and limited elevation changes in their accumulation areas. Here, we use Pléiades satellite stereo-images of the Mont-Blanc massif (Alps) to reveal that thinning took place through the entire elevation range during the exceptional 2021/22 mass-balance year. Above 3000 m a.s.l. on Argentière glacier and Mer de Glace, thinning rates exceeded 3.5 m a−1 while almost no change occurred during the previous 9 years. Below 3000 m a.s.l., these anomalous thinning rates are essentially explained by changes in surface mass balance. At higher altitudes, other processes such as firn densification may play a role. Our analysis shows that high altitude glaciers, mostly stable during the last 100 years, are now responding to the impact of climate change.
THE UNCANNY AFTERLIVES OF AUGUSTUS: READING ACROSS SUETONIUS’LIVES OF THE CAESARS
Authors: Koltermann Jannis F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article examines the appearances of Augustus in Suetonius’Lives of the Caesarsoutside Augustus' ownLife. It shows how Suetonius contrasts the positive image of Augustus drawn in theLife of Augustuswith the distortion of this image by Augustus’ successors, depicted in the laterLives. In their reception, he is still presented as an ideal to follow, yet as a role model for cruelty (Tiberius), adultery and military failure (Caligula), or lyre-playing (Nero)—roles which Suetonius’ real Augustus never or only marginally assumed. Thus in a series of close and intratextual readings, this article invites a more general reassessment of Suetonius’ work: it suggests that theLives of the Caesarsdraw a more critical image of the Principate than has often been said, that they are more consciously part of an image-making process and, above all, that they should more commonly be understood as one whole work, rather than read individually and in isolation.
Governing Through Gridlock: Bill Composition under Divided Government
Authors: Craig Alison W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhat is the effect of divided government on issue attention in state legislatures? Much of the research on divided government examines how it affects the enactment of significant legislation but does not consider other effects on legislative behavior. In this article, I propose a new theory of the relationship between divided government and legislative activity. Regardless of partisan control, reelection-minded legislators face pressure to deliver benefits to voters, yet divided government can make substantive policy change difficult. As a result of these competing pressures, under divided government legislators increasingly turn their focus to bills that benefit their local constituents, which are seen as easier to enact and allow them to engage in advertising, credit claiming, and position taking. Consistent with this theory, I find that under divided government, legislators introduce bills at the same rate, but the type of legislation introduced shifts away from statewide policy changes and towards district-specific legislation.
Observation of Non‐Resonance Interactions Between Cold Protons and EMIC Waves of Different Polarizations in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Li Xinmin , Wang Rongsheng , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Chen Huayue , Ma Jiuqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing the high‐quality measurements of plasma by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft, we investigate the wave‐particle interaction between cold protons and Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves of different polarizations in the inner magnetosphere. Both the left‐hand and right‐hand polarized EMIC waves can interact with cold protons via non‐resonance interaction, and energize the cold protons (∼eV) up to suprathermal energies (∼tens of eV), resulting in a series of bridge‐like arcs in the ion energy spectrogram. Cold protons experience different types of phase bunching in left‐hand and right‐hand polarized EMIC waves. However, the relative angles between the velocities of bunched protons and wave magnetic or electric fields are independent of the polarizations of EMIC waves. Thus, the energy transfer process is not affected by the polarization of EMIC waves. The observations indicate that EMIC waves can affect the magnetospheric particle dynamics by energizing the cold protons.
On the Creation, Depletion, and End of Life of Polar Cap Patches
Authors: Eriksen Nina Kristine , Lorentzen Dag A. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Baddeley Lisa , Hosokawa Keisuke , Shiokawa Kazuo , Bland Emma , Paxton Larry , Zhang Yongliang , McWilliams Kathryn , Yeoman Tim , Themens David R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIonospheric convection patterns from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network are used to determine the trajectories, transit times, and decay rates of three polar cap patches from their creation in the dayside polar cap ionosphere to their end of life on the nightside. The first two polar cap patches were created within 12 min of each other and traveled through the dayside convection throat, before entering the nightside auroral oval after 104 and 92 min, respectively. When the patches approached the nightside auroral oval, an intensification in the poleward auroral boundary occurred close to their exit point, followed by a decrease in the transit velocity. The last patch (patch 3) decayed completely within the polar cap and had a lifetime of only 78 min. After a change in drift direction, patch 3 had a radar backscatter power half‐life of 4.23 min, which reduced to 1.80 min after a stagnation, indicating a variable decay rate. 28 minutes after the change in direction, and 16 min after coming to a halt within the Clyde River radar field‐of‐view, patch 3 appeared to reach its end of life. We relate this rapid decay to increased frictional heating, which speeds up the recombination rate. Therefore, we suggest that the slowed patch motion within the polar cap convection pattern is a major factor in determining whether the patch survives as a recognizable density enhancement by the time the flux tubes comprising the initial patch cross into the nightside auroral oval.
Phosphorylation of USP27X by GSK3β maintains the stability and oncogenic functions of CBX2
Authors: Xing Yushu , Ba-tu Jirimu , Dong Chongyang , Cao Xiaodong , Li Bing , Jia Xin , Juan Yu , Lv Xiaojie , Zhang Huiwen , Qin Na , Han Wuri , Wang Dongfeng , Qi Xiao , Wang Yutong , Hao Xulu , Zhang Shuang , Du Xiaoli , Wang Huanyun , Wang Minjie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChromobox protein homolog 2 (CBX2) exerts a multifaceted impact on the progression of aggressive cancers. The proteasome-dependent pathway is crucial for modulating CBX2 regulation, while the specific regulatory roles and mechanisms of deubiquitinating enzymes targeting CBX2 remain poorly understood. Mass spectrometry analysis identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 27X (USP27X) as a deubiquitinating enzyme that targets CBX2. Overexpression of USP27X significantly enhances CBX2 levels by promoting deubiquitination, while deficiency of USP27X leads to CBX2 degradation, thereby inhibiting tumorigenesis. Furthermore, it has been revealed that glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) can directly bind to and phosphorylate USP27X, thereby enhancing the interaction between USP27X and CBX2 and leading to further stabilization of the CBX2 protein. Clinically, the co-expression of high levels of USP27X and CBX2 in breast cancer tissues is indicative of a poor prognosis for patients with this disease. These findings collectively underscore the critical regulatory role played by USP27X in modulating CBX2, thereby establishing the GSK3β-USP27X-CBX2 axis as a pivotal driver of malignant progression in breast cancer.
CerS6-dependent ceramide synthesis in hypothalamic neurons promotes ER/mitochondrial stress and impairs glucose homeostasis in obese mice
Authors: Hammerschmidt Philipp , Steculorum Sophie M. , Bandet Cécile L. , Del Río-Martín Almudena , Steuernagel Lukas , Kohlhaas Vivien , Feldmann Marvin , Varela Luis , Majcher Adam , Quatorze Correia Marta , Klar Rhena F. U. , Bauder Corinna A. , Kaya Ecem , Porniece Marta , Biglari Nasim , Sieben Anna , Horvath Tamas L. , Hornemann Thorsten , Brodesser Susanne , Brüning Jens C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDysregulation of hypothalamic ceramides has been associated with disrupted neuronal pathways in control of energy and glucose homeostasis. However, the specific ceramide species promoting neuronal lipotoxicity in obesity have remained obscure. Here, we find increased expression of the C16:0 ceramide-producing ceramide synthase (CerS)6 in cultured hypothalamic neurons exposed to palmitate in vitro and in the hypothalamus of obese mice. Conditional deletion of CerS6 in hypothalamic neurons attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent weight gain and improves glucose metabolism. Specifically, CerS6 deficiency in neurons expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) or steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) alters feeding behavior and alleviates the adverse metabolic effects of HFD feeding on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. POMC-expressing cell-selective deletion of CerS6 prevents the diet-induced alterations of mitochondrial morphology and improves cellular leptin sensitivity. Our experiments reveal functions of CerS6-derived ceramides in hypothalamic lipotoxicity, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and ER/mitochondrial stress in the deregulation of food intake and glucose metabolism in obesity.
A physiological approach for assessing human survivability and liveability to heat in a changing climate
Authors: Vanos Jennifer , Guzman-Echavarria Gisel , Baldwin Jane W. , Bongers Coen , Ebi Kristie L. , Jay Ollie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost studies projecting human survivability limits to extreme heat with climate change use a 35 °C wet-bulb temperature (Tw) threshold without integrating variations in human physiology. This study applies physiological and biophysical principles for young and older adults, in sun or shade, to improve current estimates of survivability and introduce liveability (maximum safe, sustained activity) under current and future climates. Our physiology-based survival limits show a vast underestimation of risks by the 35 °C Tw model in hot-dry conditions. Updated survivability limits correspond to Tw~25.8–34.1 °C (young) and ~21.9–33.7 °C (old)—0.9–13.1 °C lower than Tw = 35 °C. For older female adults, estimates are ~7.2–13.1 °C lower than 35 °C in dry conditions. Liveability declines with sun exposure and humidity, yet most dramatically with age (2.5–3.0 METs lower for older adults). Reductions in safe activity for younger and older adults between the present and future indicate a stronger impact from aging than warming.
Internal states as a source of subject-dependent movement variability are represented by large-scale brain networks
Authors: Breault Macauley Smith , Sacré Pierre , Fitzgerald Zachary B. , Gale John T. , Cullen Kathleen E. , González-Martínez Jorge A. , Sarma Sridevi V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHumans’ ability to adapt and learn relies on reflecting on past performance. These experiences form latent representations called internal states that induce movement variability that improves how we interact with our environment. Our study uncovered temporal dynamics and neural substrates of two states from ten subjects implanted with intracranial depth electrodes while they performed a goal-directed motor task with physical perturbations. We identified two internal states using state-space models: one tracking past errors and the other past perturbations. These states influenced reaction times and speed errors, revealing how subjects strategize from trial history. Using local field potentials from over 100 brain regions, we found large-scale brain networks such as the dorsal attention and default mode network modulate visuospatial attention based on recent performance and environmental feedback. Notably, these networks were more prominent in higher-performing subjects, emphasizing their role in improving motor performance by regulating movement variability through internal states.
Dominance in self-compatibility between subgenomes of allopolyploid Arabidopsis kamchatica shown by transgenic restoration of self-incompatibility
Authors: Yew Chow-Lih , Tsuchimatsu Takashi , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Yasuda Shinsuke , Hatakeyama Masaomi , Kakui Hiroyuki , Ohta Takuma , Suwabe Keita , Watanabe Masao , Takayama Seiji , Shimizu Kentaro K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe evolutionary transition to self-compatibility facilitates polyploid speciation. In Arabidopsis relatives, the self-incompatibility system is characterized by epigenetic dominance modifiers, among which small RNAs suppress the expression of a recessive SCR/SP11 haplogroup. Although the contribution of dominance to polyploid self-compatibility is speculated, little functional evidence has been reported. Here we employ transgenic techniques to the allotetraploid plant A. kamchatica. We find that when the dominant SCR-B is repaired by removing a transposable element insertion, self-incompatibility is restored. This suggests that SCR was responsible for the evolution of self-compatibility. By contrast, the reconstruction of recessive SCR-D cannot restore self-incompatibility. These data indicate that the insertion in SCR-B conferred dominant self-compatibility to A. kamchatica. Dominant self-compatibility supports the prediction that dominant mutations increasing selfing rate can pass through Haldane’s sieve against recessive mutations. The dominance regulation between subgenomes inherited from progenitors contrasts with previous studies on novel epigenetic mutations at polyploidization termed genome shock.
A click chemistry-mediated all-peptide cell printing hydrogel platform for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Huang Jinjian , Yang Rong , Jiao Jiao , Li Ze , Wang Penghui , Liu Ye , Li Sicheng , Chen Canwen , Li Zongan , Qu Guiwen , Chen Kang , Wu Xiuwen , Chi Bo , Ren Jianan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh glucose-induced vascular endothelial injury is a major pathological factor involved in non-healing diabetic wounds. To interrupt this pathological process, we design an all-peptide printable hydrogel platform based on highly efficient and precise one-step click chemistry of thiolated γ-polyglutamic acid, glycidyl methacrylate-conjugated γ-polyglutamic acid, and thiolated arginine-glycine-aspartate sequences. Vascular endothelial growth factor 165-overexpressed human umbilical vein endothelial cells are printed using this platform, hence fabricating a living material with high cell viability and precise cell spatial distribution control. This cell-laden hydrogel platform accelerates the diabetic wound healing of rats based on the unabated vascular endothelial growth factor 165 release, which promotes angiogenesis and alleviates damages on vascular endothelial mitochondria, thereby reducing tissue hypoxia, downregulating inflammation, and facilitating extracellular matrix remodeling. Together, this study offers a promising strategy for fabricating tissue-friendly, high-efficient, and accurate 3D printed all-peptide hydrogel platform for cell delivery and self-renewable growth factor therapy.
Illuminating the mechanism and allosteric behavior of NanoLuc luciferase
Authors: Nemergut Michal , Pluskal Daniel , Horackova Jana , Sustrova Tereza , Tulis Jan , Barta Tomas , Baatallah Racha , Gagnot Glwadys , Novakova Veronika , Majerova Marika , Sedlackova Karolina , Marques Sérgio M. , Toul Martin , Damborsky Jiri , Prokop Zbynek , Bednar David , Janin Yves L. , Marek Martin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanoLuc, a superior β-barrel fold luciferase, was engineered 10 years ago but the nature of its catalysis remains puzzling. Here experimental and computational techniques are combined, revealing that imidazopyrazinone luciferins bind to an intra-barrel catalytic site but also to an allosteric site shaped on the enzyme surface. Structurally, binding to the allosteric site prevents simultaneous binding to the catalytic site, and vice versa, through concerted conformational changes. We demonstrate that restructuration of the allosteric site can boost the luminescent reaction in the remote active site. Mechanistically, an intra-barrel arginine coordinates the imidazopyrazinone component of luciferin, which reacts with O2 via a radical charge-transfer mechanism, and then it also protonates the resulting excited amide product to form a light-emitting neutral species. Concomitantly, an aspartate, supported by two tyrosines, fine-tunes the blue color emitter to secure a high emission intensity. This information is critical to engineering the next-generation of ultrasensitive bioluminescent reporters.
HDAC8-mediated inhibition of EP300 drives a transcriptional state that increases melanoma brain metastasis
Authors: Emmons Michael F. , Bennett Richard L. , Riva Alberto , Gupta Kanchan , Carvalho Larissa Anastasio Da Costa , Zhang Chao , Macaulay Robert , Dupéré-Richér Daphne , Fang Bin , Seto Edward , Koomen John M. , Li Jiannong , Chen Y. Ann , Forsyth Peter A. , Licht Jonathan D. , Smalley Keiran S. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMelanomas can adopt multiple transcriptional states. Little is known about the epigenetic drivers of these cell states, limiting our ability to regulate melanoma heterogeneity. Here, we identify stress-induced HDAC8 activity as driving melanoma brain metastasis development. Exposure of melanocytes and melanoma cells to multiple stresses increases HDAC8 activation leading to a neural crest-stem cell transcriptional state and an amoeboid, invasive phenotype that increases seeding to the brain. Using ATAC-Seq and ChIP-Seq we show that increased HDAC8 activity alters chromatin structure by increasing H3K27ac and enhancing accessibility at c-Jun binding sites. Functionally, HDAC8 deacetylates the histone acetyltransferase EP300, causing its enzymatic inactivation. This, in turn, increases binding of EP300 to Jun-transcriptional sites and decreases binding to MITF-transcriptional sites. Inhibition of EP300 increases melanoma cell invasion, resistance to stress and increases melanoma brain metastasis development. HDAC8 is identified as a mediator of transcriptional co-factor inactivation and chromatin accessibility that drives brain metastasis.