bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of flip angle and radiofrequency pulse phase to maximize steady‐state magnetization in three‐dimensional missing pulse steady‐state free precession
Authors: Kobayashi Naoharu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMissing pulse (MP) steady‐state free precession (SSFP) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence that is highly tolerant to the magnetic field inhomogeneity. In this study, optimal flip angle and radiofrequency (RF) phase scheduling in three‐dimensional (3D) MP‐SSFP is introduced to maximize the steady‐state magnetization while keeping broadband excitation to cover widely distributed frequencies generated by inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Numerical optimization based on extended phase graph (EPG) simulation was performed to maximize the MP‐SSFP steady‐state magnetization. To limit the specific absorption rate (SAR) associated with the broadband excitation in 3D MP‐SSFP, SAR constraint was introduced in the numerical optimization. Optimized flip angle and RF phase settings were experimentally tested by introducing a linear inhomogeneous magnetic field in a range of 10–20 mT/m and using a phantom with known T1/T2 relaxation and diffusion parameters at 3 T. The experimental results were validated through comparisons with EPG simulation. Image contrasts and molecular diffusion effects were investigated in in vivo human brain imaging with 3D MP‐SSFP with the optimal flip angle and RF phase settings. In the phantom measurements, the optimal flip angle and RF phase settings improved the MP‐SSFP steady‐state magnetization/signal‐to‐noise ratio by up to 41% under the fixed SAR conditions, which matched well with EPG simulation results. In vivo brain imaging with the optimal RF pulse settings provided T2‐like image contrasts. Diffusion effects were relatively minor with the linear inhomogeneous field of 10–20 mT/m for white and gray matter, but cerebrospinal fluid showed conspicuous signal intensity attenuation as the linear inhomogeneous field increased. Numerical optimization achieved significant improvement in the steady‐state magnetization in MP‐SSFP compared with the RF pulse settings used in previous studies. The proposed flip angle and RF phase optimization is promising to improve 3D MP‐SSFP image quality for MRI in inhomogeneous magnetic fields.
Clinical characteristics of over‐the‐counter (OTC) drug abusers in psychiatric practice in Japan: Comparison of single and multiple OTC product abusers
Authors: Tanibuchi Yuko , Omiya Soichiro , Usami Takashi , Matsumoto Toshihiko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the clinical characteristics of over‐the‐counter (OTC) drug abusers in psychiatric practice in Japan.MethodWe examined the attributes, ICD‐10 subcategory, and comorbid mental disorders of patients who mainly abuse OTC products and compared the clinical characteristics of single product and multiple products abusers, using the database of the “2022 Nationwide Mental Hospital Survey of Drug‐related Disorders.”ResultsAmong the 2468 subjects included in this survey, 273 (11.1%) used OTC products as main drugs. Of these, 209 (78.3%) and 58 (21.7%) were classified into the single product group and the multiple products group, respectively. Six were excluded for unknown ingredients. By comparing these groups, we found that many of the multiple products group consisted of young women who were recently treated for drug problems. Many subjects in the group also had a short treatment period. No differences were observed between the groups regarding the ICD‐10 F1 subcategory, but many subjects in the multiple products group fulfilled the criteria of F6 “disorders of adult personality and behavior.”ConclusionOTC products are easily accessible drugs of abuse for young women in Japan. The results of this study indicate the necessity to reconsider the educational approach for preventing drug abuse, which has focused on illicit drugs. The study also indicates that some OTC products, which contain ingredients banned overseas due to their harmful effects, are still sold in Japan and that abusers for those products exist. Measures by the government are considered urgently needed.
Reliability analysis and evaluation model for space phased‐mission system
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Sun Zezhou , Rao Wei , Dong Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA reliability analysis and evaluation model based on event chain and Bayesian information fusion is proposed for the characteristics of complex space phased‐mission systems (SPMSs), the implementation process of integrated reliability modeling is detailed, and the identification of weak links and reliability evaluation is carried out with the entry, descent, and landing process of Tianwen‐1 Mars Probe as an example. The application results show that the reliability analysis and evaluation model based on event chain and Bayesian information fusion has good engineering applicability, and the method can be extended and applied to the reliability modeling, analysis, and evaluation of complex SPMSs.
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration presenting as multiple nodular pulmonary lesions and focal emphysema
Authors: Yoshinaga Tadatsugu , Yomota Makiko , Toriyama Kazutoshi , Iso Hirokazu , Mirokuji Kie , Kawai Shoko , Narita Kosuke , Suzuki Mikito , Horio Hirotoshi , Hosomi Yukio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe features of intralobar pulmonary sequestration vary on computed tomography (CT). Many cases demonstrate a mass or cystic lesion within a lower lobe. We report herein a case of a 55‐year‐old, female patient presenting with right back pain. Contrast enhanced (CE) CT revealed multiple, nodular, pulmonary lesions suggesting recurrent infections with surrounding focal emphysema. Three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction demonstrated a sequestrated lung segment with a systemic, arterial blood supply. Based on these findings, intralobar pulmonary sequestration was diagnosed. Intralobar pulmonary sequestration can present as multiple, nodular, pulmonary lesions with focal emphysema rather than as a mass or cyst. CE‐CT with 3D reconstruction is useful for diagnosing this condition. Patients with recurrent pulmonary infections have a high index of suspicion of intralobar pulmonary sequestration.
Language development, linguistic input, and linguistic racism
Authors: Figueroa Megan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLanguage development is both remarkable and unremarkable. It is remarkable because children learn the language(s) around them, signed or spoken, without explicit instruction or correction. It is unremarkable because children have done this for thousands of years without worldwide incident or catastrophe. Yet, much research on this organic developmental phenomenon relies on an empirical falsehood: “quality” linguistic input is necessary to facilitate language development. “Quality” is a value judgment, not a structural feature of any human language. I argue selectively legitimizing some linguistic input as “quality” is possible only through mischaracterizing what language is. This falsehood is also linguistic racism because it is based on a deficit perspective of the early linguistic experiences of a subset of children, specifically racialized children. I explore how linguistic racism stalls our collective understanding of language development and promotes an environment of bad science.This article is categorized under:
Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Psychology > Language
Neuroscience > Development
Black hole/black ring transition
Authors: Halder Indranil , Lin Ying-Hsuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We consider BPS states in M theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold with one Kähler parameter, and investigate their relation to black holes and black rings. On the microscopic side, a characterization of the BPS degeneracy can be obtained from the non-perturbative part of the topological string free energy according to the Gopakumar-Vafa conjecture. On the macroscopic side, the Wald entropy of relevant black objects in the four-dimensional IIA description is computed from the perturbative part of the same topological string free energy following the work of Cardoso-de Wit-Mohaupt and then lifted to five-dimensional M theory through the Gaiotto-Strominger-Yin correspondence. For a given value of the M2 brane charge, we find that for small angular momenta, the microscopic BPS degeneracy matches the entropy of a rotating black hole, whereas an apparent transition occurs at a critical value of the angular momentum. Beyond this value, we find encouraging evidence that the microscopic counting is well approximated by the entropy of a black ring. We conclude by formulating a new puzzle involving the corrections due to degenerate worldsheet instantons.
Simplifying QCD event generation with chirality flow, reference vectors and spin directions
Authors: Boman Emil , Lifson Andrew , Sjodahl Malin , Warnerbring Adam , Wettersten Zenny 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chirality-flow formalism, combined with good choices of gauge reference vectors, simplifies tree-level calculations to the extent that it is often possible to write down amplitudes corresponding to Feynman diagrams immediately. It has also proven to give a very sizable speedup in a proof of concept implementation of massless tree-level QED in MadGraph5_aMC@NLO. In the present paper we extend this analysis to QCD, including massive quarks. We define helicity-dependent versions of the gluon vertices, derive constraints on the spinor structure of propagating gluons, and explore the Schouten identity to simplify the four-gluon vertex further. For massive quarks, the chirality-flow formalism sheds light on how to exploit the freedom to measure spin along any direction to shorten the calculations. Overall, this results in a clear speedup for treating the Lorentz structure at high multiplicities.
Anforderung von radiologischer Diagnostik in der Unfallchirurgie mittels mobiler Endgeräte
Authors: Fuchs Konrad F. , Kerwagen Fabian , Kunz Andreas S. , Schulze Andrés , Ullrich Melanie , Ertl Maximilian , Gilbert Fabian 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ärztliches Personal steht täglich unter hohem zeitlichen Druck. Eine ärztliche Aufgabe ist die Anforderung von radiologischer Diagnostik. Dieser Prozess zeichnet sich durch eine hohe administrative Komplexität und teils enormen zeitlichen Aufwand aus. Maßnahmen, die zugunsten der Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten zu einer administrativen Entlastung führen, fehlen bisher.

Ziel der Arbeit
Prozessoptimierung in der Anforderungsstellung von radiologischer Diagnostik. Als „proof of concept“ wurde in der unfallchirurgischen Abteilung am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (UKW) die Anforderung radiologischer Diagnostik mittels einer Smartphone- und Tablet-basierten Applikation mit Spracheingabe eingeführt.

Material und Methoden
In einer prospektiven Studie wurden der zeitliche Effekt und die zeitliche Effizienz der mobilen, ukw.mobile App-basierten Anforderung (UMBA) im Vergleich zur PC-basierten Anforderung (PCBA) zur Anforderung radiologischer Leistungen analysiert. Ermittelt wurden die Zeit von Indikationsstellung bis zur fertigen Anforderung und die benötigte Zeit für die Anforderungserstellung am Endgerät. Aufgrund der Nichtnormalverteilung der Daten wurde ein Mann-Whitney-U-Test durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Die Zeit von der Indikation bis zur fertigen Anforderung konnte durch die mobile Anforderung statistisch signifikant (p < 0,05) reduziert werden (PCBA: Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung [SD] 19,57 ± 33,24 min, Median 3,00 min, Interquartilsabstand [IQR] 1,00–30,00 min vs. UMBA: 9,33 ± 13,94 min, 1,00 min, 0,00–20,00 min). Die Zeit für die Anforderung am Endgerät konnte durch die mobile Anforderung ebenfalls statistisch signifikant reduziert werden (PCBA: Mittelwert ± SD 63,77 ± 37,98 s, Median 51,96 s, IQR 41,68–68,93 s vs. UMBA: 25,21 ± 11,18 s, 20,00 s, 17,27–29,00 s).

Diskussion
Das mobile, sprachunterstützte Anforderungsverfahren führt zu einer enormen zeitlichen Entlastung im klinischen Alltag und verdeutlicht das Potenzial einer anwenderorientierten, zielgerichteten Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen. In Zukunft soll der Prozess durch eine künstliche Intelligenz unterstützt werden.

Graphic abstract
Identification and validation of Golgi apparatus-related signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in breast cancer
Authors: Chen Xin , Tang Pengting , Kong Ying , Chen Deqin , Tang Kejun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The Golgi apparatus plays a pivotal role in various aspects of cancer. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of Golgi apparatus-related genes (GARGs) in breast cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response evaluation.

Methods
Transcriptional and clinical data from the TCGA-BRCA cohort and GSE96058 cohort were utilized to construct and validate a prognostic model for breast cancer using Cox regression analysis. Differences in immune landscape, somatic mutations, gene expression, drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy response between different risk groups were assessed. A prognostic nomogram for breast cancer was further developed and evaluated. qPCR and single-cell sequencing analyses were performed to validate the expression of GARGs.

Results
A total of 394 GARGs significantly associated with breast cancer prognosis were identified, leading to the construction of a prognostic risk feature comprising 10 GARGs. This feature effectively stratified breast cancer patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with the high-risk group exhibiting significantly worse prognosis. Meanwhile, significant differences in clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy response were observed between the high- and low-risk groups. The constructed nomogram incorporating these factors showed superior performance in prognostic assessment for breast cancer patients. Ultimately, the utilization of qPCR and single-cell sequencing techniques substantiated the disparate expression patterns of these prognostic genes in breast cancer.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that a prognostic risk feature derived from GARGs holds promising application potential for predicting prognosis and evaluating immunotherapy response in breast cancer patients.
A new universal detection system for high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates using chemiluminescence
Authors: Spangenberg Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a cost-effective method for the separation of small molecules, such as active pharmaceutically ingredients. The method can be used without sophisticated equipment. For example, the detection and quantification of colored compounds on an HPTLC plate can be performed with a CCD camera. For noncolored compounds, a new dipping solution for the generation of chemiluminescence on an HPTLC plates is presented. In combination with a charge-coupled diode (CCD) camera, this can be used as a universal detection system. The efficiency of this new staining reagent is demonstrated by the detection of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole from a fixed-dose combination in a ratio of 1:5.
An algorithm to optimize explainability using feature ensembles
Authors: Lazebnik Teddy , Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky Svetlana , Rosenfeld Avi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFeature Ensembles are a robust and effective method for finding the feature set that yields the best predictive accuracy for learning agents. However, current feature ensemble algorithms do not consider explainability as a key factor in their construction. To address this limitation, we present an algorithm that optimizes for the explainability and performance of a model – theOptimizingFeatureEnsembles forExplainability (OFEE) algorithm. OFEE uses intersections of feature sets to produce a feature ensemble that optimally balances explainability and performance. Furthermore, OFEE is parameter-free and as such optimizes itself to a given dataset and explainability requirements. To evaluated OFEE, we considered two explainability measures, one based on ensemble size and the other based on ensemble stability. We found that OFEE was overall extremely effective within the nine canonical datasets we considered. It outperformed other feature selection algorithms by an average of over 8% and 7% respectively when considering the size and stability explainability measures.
Comparison and selection of ground motion prediction equations for the Sichuan–Yunnan area, southwest China
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Douglas John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Sichuan–Yunnan area is one of the most seismically active regions in China. As ground-motion models form a key component of seismic hazard analysis, it is important to select (or develop) appropriate models for this area. The increasing number of digital ground-motion records of earthquakes in this area has allowed the development of local ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). This study compares and, later, recommends appropriate GMPEs for the Sichuan–Yunnan area. We first evaluate the inherent quality of local GMPEs, with respect to their underlying datasets, the variables used and their functional forms, to determine a set of candidate GMPEs. Then we investigate how well the predictions from the GMPEs match observations computed from strong-motion records of recent earthquakes in this area. The fit between predictions and observations varies significantly amongst the GMPEs. The results suggest that some recent local GMPEs would lead to biased ground-motion estimates due to limitations of their underlying datasets and functional forms. Based on both evaluations of inherent quality and compatibility with observations, only one local GMPE is recommended. A comparison of the predictions from three widely-used non-local GMPEs indicates that ground motions in the Sichuan–Yunnan area appear more variable than those in other regions but that predictions from these non-local GMPEs are generally unbiased. We recommend use of a mixture of robust local and non-local GMPEs within seismic hazard analyses to capture the epistemic uncertainty in ground-motion prediction for this area.
Development of Fourier Transform Ultrafast Laser Flash Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Thermal Diffusivity and Interfacial Thermal Resistance
Authors: Baba Takahiro , Baba Tetsuya , Mori Takao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe thermoreflectance technique is one of the few methods which can measure thermal diffusivity of thin films as thin as 100 nm or thinner in the cross-plane direction. The thermoreflectance method under rear-heat front-detect configuration is sometimes called ultrafast laser flash method because of its similarity to laser flash method. Up to now it has typically only been possible to attempt to evaluate the interfacial thermal resistance between the thin films by preparing and measuring several samples with different thicknesses. In this study, a method to directly determine interfacial thermal resistance by a single measurement of a thin film on substrate is represented, by analyzing the shape of thermoreflectance signals with analytical solutions in frequency domain and time domain. Thermoreflectance signals observed from metallic thin films on sapphire substrate with different thickness steps were analyzed by Fourier analysis and fitted by analytical equations with four parameters: heat diffusion time across the first layer, ratio of virtual heat sources, characteristic time of cooling determined by interfacial thermal resistance and relative amplitude of the signal. Interface thermal resistance between the thin film and substrate was able to be determined reliably with smaller uncertainty.
Synthesis, and evaluation of photophysical properties of a potential DPP-derived photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy with D-A-D architecture
Authors: Escalona Hernández Vanessa , Padilla-Martínez Itzia Irene , García Rosa Angeles Vázquez , Rodríguez María Aurora Veloz , Hernández-Ortiz Oscar Javier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study of a macromolecule derived from DPP and triphenylamine, (DPP-BisTPA) by computational chemistry, its synthesis by direct arylation, optical characterization (UV-Vis and fluorescence) and electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry), as well as its evaluation as a generator of reactive oxygen species indirectly, through the degradation of uric acid. The results obtained by DFT using B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and TD-DFT using CAM-B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) reveal values of energy levels of the first singlet and triplet excited state that indicate a possible intersystem crossover and the possible generation of reactive oxygen species by a type I mechanism. The compound presents an absorption region within the phototherapeutic window. The electrochemical bandgap is 1.64 eV which suggests a behavior as a semiconductor. DPP-BisTPa were processed as hemispherical nanoparticles with a size around 100 nm, and NPOs were evaluated as a photosensitizer with a ROS generation yield of 4% using a photodynamic therapy flashlight as the light source.
Graphical Abstract
Trusted Information Sources About the COVID-19 Vaccine Vary in Underserved Communities
Authors: Benson Brian R. , Rahman Syed A. , Bleasdale Jacob , Win Shunlei , Townsend-Kensinger Kaylyn , Cole Matthew , Jalal Kabir , Yu Jihnhee , Morse Gene D. , Mohler James L. , Ward Rolanda L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic was one of the deadliest global public health events. In the United States, over 1.1 million individuals have died, and now COVID-19 is the third leading cause of death (CDC, 2023). Vaccine uptake has stalled among different demographics. Vaccine hesitancy, a delay in accepting or refusing vaccines, poses a significant challenge regardless of the availability of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to identify disparate COVID-19 vaccine uptake among individuals in Western New York. The primary objective was to identify the factors contributing to lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination within this population.Data were collected from 585 adults recruited from 20 Niagara and Erie Counties sites using a self-administered survey on vaccine hesitancy, vaccination status, and COVID-19-related characteristics. The survey included the adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) and acquired information on demographic characteristics and COVID-19 impact, knowledge, and information sources. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test, a Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and a logistic regression model.Findings suggest that unvaccinated participants (n = 35) were concerned about vaccine side effects (48.6%). For vaccinated/unboosted participants (n = 52), they (40.0%) reported clinical concerns. After adjusting for gender and age, healthcare provider guidance and family guidance remained significant predictors of vaccination status, while clinical research studies were significant predictors of booster status. Findings from this study suggest public health interventions that target vaccine education and facilitate well-informed decisions about COVID-19 vaccines lead to less vaccine hesitancy.
On the vertex functions of type A quiver varieties
Authors: Dinkins Hunter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to better understand the quasimap vertex functions of type A Nakajima quiver varieties. To that end, we construct an explicit embedding of any type A quiver variety into a type A quiver variety with all framings at the rightmost vertex of the quiver. Then, we consider quasimap counts, showing that the map induced by this embedding on equivariant K-theory preserves vertex functions.