bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study on DNA damage in non breast‐fed infants
Authors: DÜndaröz RuŞen , Aydin Halil İBrahim , Ulucan Hakan , Baltaci Volkan , Denli Metin , Gökçay Erdal 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: There are many advantages of human milk for infants, including protection against cancer development and the advantages have been emphasized in several studies. In this study, infants fed by human milk has been compared with those fed by cow’s milk concerning DNA damage.
Methods
: The level of genetic damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of infants who were fed mainly by cow’s milk and breast milk has been studied by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis, which is a sensitive measurement of chromosomal damage. Each group consisted of 30 infants, whose ages ranged from 9 to 12 months.
Results
: A significant increase (P < 0.0001)
was found in the frequencies of SCE of infants not breast‐fed (n = 30,
mean SCE/cell ± SD: 8.66 ± 1.15)
compared to those who were breast‐fed (n = 30, mean SCE/cell ± SD: 4.93 ± 0.82).
Conclusion
: To our knowledge, there has been no published study investigating SCE ratio regarding DNA damage in infants not breast‐fed. Molecular mechanism of DNA damage caused by the absence of human milk protection is a subject of future investigations.
Pregnancy complicated with lactate dehydrogenase M‐subunit deficiency: The first case report
Authors: Anai Takanobu , Urata Kenichirou , Tanaka Yuichirou , Miyakawa Isao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA woman with lactate dehydrogenase M‐subunit deficiency underwent two cesarean sections because of the risk of dystocia due to decreased adenosine triphosphate production in anaerobic glycolysis including uterine muscles. Frequent pains with increased serum pyruvate levels were observed during the third trimester of her pregnancies.
Growing teratoma syndrome after chemotherapy for a mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary
Authors: Itani Yoshio , Kawa Motohiro , Toyoda Shinji , Yamagami Keizoh , Hiraoka Katsutada 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA retroperitoneal enlarging mass was detected and resected in a 24‐year‐old nulliparous woman after fertility‐preserving surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for a malignant germ cell tumor (MGCT) of the right ovary. This enlarging mass contained only a mature teratoma component. Alpha‐fetoprotein, which was elevated to 21236.6 ng/mL before the initial surgery, persisted within normal after the completion of adjuvant platinum‐based chemotherapy. The patient was diagnosed with growing teratoma syndrome. Growing teratoma syndrome originating from ovarian germ cell tumor is very rare. Only 15 cases have been reported. Surgical resection and histological confirmation of growing mass after MGCT treatment is essential before conducting salvage chemotherapy.
In‐vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer and Cellular Immunity: Study on Cytokines and T Lymphocyte subpopulations in IVF‐ET Cycles
Authors: Murakami Mitsutaka , Furuya Kenichi , Makimura Noriko , Kikuchi Yoshihiro , Nagata Ichiro 
Published: March 2003

Objectives:To determine whether peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines change during in‐vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) cycles and to evaluate them with regard to pregnancy status and types of infertility.Methods:Peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines in 33 consecutive cycles of IVF‐ET were examined. All the women were stimulated with purified FSH and hCG after pituitary suppression with GnRH agonist. Peripheral blood samples were collected before FSH administration, on the day of hCG administration, the day of ET (day 2), day 6 and day 15. We measured plasma estradiol and progesterone levels and plasma interferon‐γ, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐10 and IL‐12 levels. Peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations, T helper type 1 and 2 cells (Th1 and Th2) and T cytotoxic type 1 and 2 cells (Tc1 and Tc2), were analyzed with three‐color flowcytometry.Results:There were no changes in the plasma levels of the cytokines or in the proportions of Th1 and Th2 and the proportions of Tc1 and Tc2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes during the IVF‐ET cycles. In women with endometriosis, the ratios of Tc1 to CD8+ lymphocytes and the Tc1 to Tc2 ratios before FSH administration were much higher than in women without endometriosis. The ratios of Tc1 to CD8+ lymphocytes were significantly lower in the patients with endometriosis who became pregnant.Conclusions:Peripheral cellular immunity does not change during IVF‐ET cycles. In women with endometriosis, the peripheral Tc1 subpopulation is more predominant before ovarian stimulation, suggest‐ ing that the ratio of Tc1 before ovarian stimulation could be an indicator of fecundity for women with endometriosis.
Sonographic Determination of Fetal Size from 20 Weeks of Gestation Onward Correlates with Birth Weight
Authors: Yoshida Sho‐hei , Unno Nobuya , Kagawa Hideyuki , Shinozuka Norio , Kozuma Shiro , Taketani Yuji 
Published: March 2003

Objective:
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ultrasonographic measurement of fetal weight, estimated fetal weight (EFW) was analyzed in relation to birth weight.
Methods:
Data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 548 term pregnancies unassociated with fetal malformations. The subjects underwent sonographic examinations from 20 to 23 weeks onward at 4 weeks intervals for the estimation of EFW. Subjects were divided into 6 subgroups based on birth weight deviation (BWD) (A: −3.0 ≤ BWD < −2.0; B: −2.0 ≤ BWD < −1.5; C: −1.5 ≤ BWD < −1.0; D: −1.0 ≤ BWD < −0.5; E: −0.5 ≤ BWD < +0.5 and F: + 0.5 ≤ BWD). Distribution and changes in EFW deviation (EFWD) with gestational age were analyzed related to BWD.
Result:
A difference in fetal growth based on EFWD was noted in small for gestational age (SGA) cases compared to non‐SGA cases, and the difference was observed as early as 20–23 weeks. EFWD was significantly correlated with BWD from 20−23 weeks to term.
Conclusion:
Sonographic determination of fetal growth from 20 weeks of gestation onward correlated with birth weight deviation, and this emphasized the clinical value of evaluating fetal growth during the latter half of pregnancy.
Xanthomonas albilineans and the antipathogenesis approach to disease control
Authors: Birch Robert G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryMolecular studies into sugarcane leaf scald disease, caused by X. albilineans, revealed an unusual pathogenesis strategy, a new family of antibiotics, an extraordinary biosynthetic apparatus, and a new approach to disease control in plants and animals. Taxonomy: Bacteria; Proteobacteria; gamma subdivision; Xanthomonadales; Xanthomonas group; X. albilineans (Ashby 1929) Dowson 1943. Microbiological properties: Gram‐negative, slender rod‐shaped, nonsporing, aerobic, motile by a single polar flagellum; producing slow‐growing, pale yellow, nonmucoid colonies in culture; ecologically obligate plant parasite. Host range: Monocotyledonous plants in the Poaceae family, including Saccharum spp. and other grasses. Causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald. Disease symptoms: Characteristic white leaf stripes with necrotic zones at leaf margins, extensive chlorosis of emerging leaves, vascular reddening and cavity formation in invaded stems, production of side shoots, rapid wilting and death of plants. Prolonged latent infection can occur, necessitating detection by isolation or sensitive molecular assays. Pathogenesis: Xylem‐invading pathogen, transmitted in cuttings, mechanically, and by wind‐blown rain. Produces albicidin toxins that block prokaryotic DNA replication and plastid development, causing chlorosis in emerging leaves. Albicidins interfere with host resistance mechanisms, allowing systemic invasion. Strains vary in virulence. Agronomic importance and control: Sugarcane leaf scald is a widespread and devastating disease. Eradication is impractical because of alternative hosts. Measures to reduce inoculum sources and transmission can reduce losses. Long‐term control requires sugarcane varieties with introgressed resistance, thus limiting gains from breeding. Antipathogenesis approach: By understanding key pathogenicity factors (such as albicidins), it may be possible to develop new control strategies, including novel resistance genes to rescue susceptible varieties. Useful web site:
http://cygnus.tamu.edu/Texlab/Sugarcrops/Sugarcane/sugarc.html
Ralstonia solanacearum: secrets of a major pathogen unveiled by analysis of its genome
Authors: Genin Stéphane , Boucher Christian 
Published: March 2003

Summary Ralstonia solanacearum Taxonomy:  Bacteria; Proteobacteria; β subdivision; Ralstonia group; genus RalstoniaMicrobiological properties:  Gram‐negative, aerobic, motile rod.Disease symptoms:  Agent of bacterial wilt of solanaceous plants, which appears as a sudden wilt. Typically, stem cross‐sections ooze a whitish bacterial exudate. R. solanacearum is also the agent of the Moko disease of banana and brown rot of potato.Disease control:  Pathogen‐free seed and transplants. Few resistant and tolerant plant lines. Sanitation and cultural rotations.Useful web sites:  http://ibws.nexenservices.com/;
http://sequence.toulouse.inra.fr/R.solanacearum.html
Bipolaris sorokiniana, a cereal pathogen of global concern: cytological and molecular approaches towards better control‡
Authors: Kumar Jagdish , Schäfer Patrick , Hückelhoven Ralph , Langen Gregor , Baltruschat Helmut , Stein Elke , Nagarajan Subramaniam , Kogel Karl‐Heinz 
Published: March 2003

Summary Bipolaris sorokiniana
(teleomorph
Cochliobolus sativus
) is the causal agent of common root rot, leaf spot disease, seedling blight, head blight, and black point of wheat and barley. The fungus is one of the most serious foliar disease constraints for both crops in warmer growing areas and causes significant yield losses. High temperature and high relative humidity favour the outbreak of the disease, in particular in South Asia's intensive ‘irrigated wheat–rice’ production systems. In this article, we review the taxonomy and worldwide distribution, as well as strategies to counteract the disease as an emerging threat to cereal production systems. We also review the current understanding of the cytological and molecular aspects of the interaction of the fungus with its cereal hosts, which makes
B. sorokiniana
a model organism for studying plant defence responses to hemibiotrophic pathogens. The contrasting roles of cell death and H
2O2 generation in plant defence during biotrophic and necrotrophic fungal growth phases are discussed.
Structural and functional analysis of an oligomeric hydrophobin gene from Claviceps purpurea
Authors: Mey Géraldine , Correia Telmo , Oeser Birgitt , Kershaw Michael J. , Garre Victoriano , Arntz Claudia , Talbot Nicholas J. , Tudzynski Paul 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYFungal hydrophobins are small hydrophobic proteins containing eight cysteine residues at conserved positions which have the ability to form amphipathic polymers. We have characterized a gene from the phytopathogenic ascomycete Claviceps purpurea, cpph1, which encodes a modular‐type hydrophobin. It consists of five units, each showing a significant homology to class II hydrophobins. The units are separated by GN‐repeat regions, which could form amphipathic α‐helices; the amino terminus contains a glycine‐rich region which could be involved in attaching the protein to the cell wall. The presence of long direct repeats within cpph1, and the high homology of the three internal modules suggest a recent generation of this gene from a tripartite precursor. Although sequencing of cDNA clones indicated that recombination could be mediated via the direct repeats, the majority of the transcripts appear to be full‐sized. This was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, which showed the presence of a full‐sized transcript in axenic culture. The high molecular weight pentahydrophobin was detected by Western blot analysis, indicating that CPPH1 is not processed into monomeric subunits. Targeted deletion of cpph1 did not lead to differences in morphology, growth rate, sporulation, or hydrophobicity of spores. Furthermore, the cpph1 deletion mutants showed no reduction in virulence on rye.
The role of milk in the British diet
Authors: Wells Anita S 
Published: March 2003

Milk and foods made from milk have been part of the British diet for the last 3500 years. They constitute one of the four main food groups that together comprise a healthy balanced diet, providing significant amounts of protein and most micronutrients, including calcium, B‐group vitamins (particularly riboflavin and B12, but also thiamin, niacin, B6 and folate), vitamin A, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. Milk and dairy foods can increase the nutrient density of the diet and play a pivotal role in ensuring that dietary intakes are nutritionally adequate. They can also help to improve bone and dental health and possibly protect against hypertension and colon cancer.
An alternative heat treatment for milk pasteurization in Cameroon
Authors: Kameni A , Imele H , Mbanya N J 
Published: March 2003

In order to determine a suitable temperature and time combination for the proper pasteurization of milk under conditions in Cameroon, the destructive effects of heat on the peroxidase and micro‐organisms in local milk were studied. In the first step, fresh milk samples were heated at temperatures of 64–100°C for 1 min. Peroxidase was found to be sensitive to heat treatment at temperatures of 74–76°C and completely destroyed above 78°C. In the second step, fresh milk samples were heated to 74°C and held at that temperature for 15 s, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min or 20 min; microbiological analyses revealed that survival rates were 56.7, 1.5, 0.2, 0.06 and 0.05%, respectively. Peroxidase was completely destroyed after 10 min at this temperature. In terms of microbial quality, there were no significant differences (P < 0.001) between holding times of 10, 15 and 20 min. A heat treatment of 74°C for 10 min yielded milk free of peroxidase and with < 10 000 cfu/mL. It is recommended that raw milk be given at least this treatment to ensure safe milk supplies in Cameroon.
Medical books publishing in traditional printed formats: current trends
Authors: DOODY DANIEL J. 
Published: March 2003

An analysis of more than 1200 English language health sciences books bearing a 1996 copyright published by 95 publishers in 91 specialities indicates that the medical book industry is healthy, active and responsive to the shifting demands of the health sciences market‐place. Despite the gradual migration of authors, publishers and readers towards electronic formats, book publishing activity has not abated. In fact, the price, quality and quantity of books for health sciences professionals and students are all still on an upward slope.These trends do not project into the future. With the twin pressures of health care reform and the revolution of information technology, the medical book is a potentially endangered species. While not threatened with extinction, the book will account for a dwindling percentage of the total revenues generated from new health sciences publications.Although medical book publishing is dominated by books coming out ofthe United States, this paper also analyses the role and contribution of UK originated books.
Performance indicators in NHS libraries
Authors: HEWLETT JOHN 
Published: March 2003

Performance indicators (PIs), workload statistics and accreditation are different ways to assess the quality of a library information service (LIS), and can be used together to give an overall picture of how well a LIS is performing its functions. PIs point out how something has been done. They are comparative values, often expressed partly as ratios or percentages, which indicate the quality or level of services and can be used to compare similar services, or the same service across time. PIs, performance ratios or performance standards are derived from performance measures, which show how much of it has been done.This paper looks at some aspects of performance measurement and suggests other areas for statistics collection in order to make better use of existing data, and considers the usefulness and derivation of PIs in NHS LIS.
Partial or near‐total pancreatectomy for persistent neonatal hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: the pathologist's role
Authors: Rahier  , Sempoux  , Fournet  , Poggi§  , Brunelle  , Nihoul‐Fekete  , Saudubray  , Jaubert  
Published: March 2003

Aims: To determine whether the presence of abnormal B‐cell nuclei predicts the existence of a focal or of a diffuse form of persistent neonatal and infantile hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in a series of 20 infants.Methods and results:Intra‐operative frozen sections were performed on small specimens from the pancreatic head, isthmus and tail. In 13 cases, abnormal B‐cell nuclei were identified, but even a near‐total pancreatectomy was insufficient to cure some of these patients, in whom no focal lesion was detected. On the other hand, abnormal insular B‐cell nuclei were not found in seven cases; based on the results of selective venous catheterization, a limited resection was performed, sufficient to cure each patient, and a focal adenomatous hyperplasia was found in each resected specimen.Conclusions:Intra‐operative examination of small pancreatic specimens taken from the different parts of the gland allows one to determine the type of lesion (focal or diffuse) in neonatal onset hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, and to decide on the most appropriate surgical treatment.
Affinity of four lectins for endocervical and endometrial non‐neoplastic and neoplastic glandular epithelium
Authors: Toda  , Sadi  , Egawa  , Atari  , Qureshi  , Nagai  
Published: March 2003

Aims:Endocervical and endometrial tissues were stained with four lectins to determine the difference in staining pattern between non‐neoplastic and neoplastic conditions of these tissues.Methods and results:The lectins used were Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA), Dolicho biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Concanavalin A (Con A), and Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA). Endocervical tissues included normal endocervical glands, microglandular hyperplasia, minimal deviation adenocarcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma, well to poorly differentiated types. Endometrial tissues were collected from normal endometrium, simple glandular hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma grades 1–3. Non‐neoplastic and neoplastic endocervical and endometrial glandular epithelium showed positive reaction for UEA, Con A and PHA. Non‐neoplastic glands showed mild to moderate intensity and apical and/polar type of staining pattern for all lectins. Endocervical adenocarcinoma including minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDC) and adenocarcinoma well to moderately differentiated type showed diffuse cytoplasmic type of staining pattern for all lectins, but poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of endocervix showed only a stromal pattern for all lectins. Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma grades 1–3 showed positive reaction for all lectins except for DBA. The staining pattern of endometrial hyperplasia was variable, but adenocarcinoma grades 1–3 showed diffuse type.Conclusion:Intensity and staining patterns of lectins are helpful in distinguishing between endocervical and endometrial non‐neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Intense positive reaction of MDC, especially for Con A and PHA, can differentiate this lesion from normal endocervical glands. The stromal type of staining pattern of poorly differentiated endocervical adenocarcinoma can also have diagnostic significance. Negative reactions of DBA lectin for endometrial adenocarcinoma can be used for differentiating it from endocervical adenocarcinoma.
CD44v6 expression is related to progression in renal epithelial tumours
Authors: de Alava E , Panizo A , Sola I , Rodríguez‐Rubio F I , Javier Pardo‐Mindán F 
Published: March 2003

AimsExpression of CD44 variant isoform including exon 6 has been associated to tumour progression in several carcinomas. However, no studies have been performed to assess the prognostic value of the expression of this marker in renal cell tumours.Methods and resultsWe studied 58 renal cell tumours. All patients were followed up for at least 3 years after nephrectomy. Tumours were analysed for expression of CD44v6 assessed by two isoform‐specific monoclonal antibodies. RT‐PCR was performed to detect CD44 variant transcripts in 10 cases in which immunohistochemistry was negative. Twenty‐two tumours showed reactivity in at least 1% cells for both antibodies with a strong membrane pattern. RT‐PCR did not show CD44v6 transcripts in any of 10 studied tumours. Immunohistochemical staining was more frequent in perivascular areas or in areas of vascular invasion. In fact, CD44v6 expression correlated well with nuclear grade (P = 0.009), stage at diagnosis (P = 0.04) and appearance of metastasis after nephrectomy (P = 0.007). Although univariate survival analysis showed stage (P < 0.001), grade (P = 0.009) and CD44v6 expression (P = 0.04) to be significant predictive factors, only stage remained significant (P = 0.0013) in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsCD44v6 expression, assessed immunohistochemically, is related to tumour progression. However, its prognostic value in renal cell tumours is dependent on tumour stage at diagnosis.
Multiple synchronous lung cancers and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia in Li–Fraumeni syndrome
Authors: Nadav Y , Pastorino U , Nicholson A G 
Published: March 2003

AimWe report a patient with Li–Fraumeni syndrome who developed multiple synchronous primary lung cancers together with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and discuss the pathogenesis of the lesions.Case detailsA 57‐year‐old woman with Li–Fraumeni syndrome and a history of smoking was diagnosed as having multiple synchronous primary lung tumours, all of which were treated by surgical excision. Histological examination showed three separate well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas and a single focus of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. A constitutional mutation of the p53 gene had been identified, both in this patient and other members of her family.ConclusionMultiple synchronous primary lung tumours have not been reported before in association with this syndrome. With both smoking and Li–Fraumeni syndrome known to be associated with mutations in the p53 gene, a cumulative effect is suggested in this patient.
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the lung: report of two cases
Authors: Tsuji S , Hisaoka M , Morimitsu Y , Hashimoto H , Jimi A , Watanabe J , Eguchi H , Kaneko Y 
Published: March 2003

AimsWe report two unusual cases of intrapulmonary small round cell tumour with evidence that they are primitive neuroectodermal tumours.Methods and resultsThe patients were a 25‐year‐old woman and a 15‐year‐old man, in whom mass shadows were found by routine chest radiography. Both tumours were located in the pulmonary parenchyma, and there was no evidence of an extrapulmonary involvement by the tumour. The lesions showed morphological and immunophenotypic features consistent with peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET). These features included a hypercellular diffuse growth pattern of closely packed small round cells occasionally forming abortive Homer–Wright‐type rosettes and intense immuroreactivities to neurone‐specific enolase and MIC2 gene product (O13). Unusual chondroid foci were present in one of the cases. This diagnosis was further supported by the cytogenetic and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) findings of the characteristic t(11;22) chromosomal translocation and EWS/FLI‐1 fusion transcripts, respectively, in one of the cases.ConclusionsThese morphological and cytogenetic findings substantiate pPNET as a subtype of intrapulmonary small round cell tumours.