bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Juvenile Size on the Age at Maturity of Individually Marked Wild Chinook Salmon
Authors: Scheuerell Mark D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe age at maturity for an organism represents a trade‐off between survival and reproductive fitness and is controlled by both genetic factors and environmental conditions. In the case of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., most of our understanding of the importance of various drivers in determining age at maturity has relied on information from cohort analyses using average size and age conditions or from hatchery fish that might not reflect observed patterns in wild fish. I used 14 years of adult return data from individually passive integrated transponder (PIT)–tagged wild Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from the Snake River to examine the influence of juvenile size on subsequent age at maturity. I also included information on the natal watershed as a surrogate for genetic influence. I found a significant, positive relationship between juvenile length and the proportion of adult salmon returning at age 4 versus age 5, but the effect of juvenile length varied among the three watersheds. This suggests that local environmental conditions supporting juvenile growth largely control the ultimate age composition for a given brood of this stock of salmon but that genetic differences also exist.
Responses by Pacific Halibut to Air Exposure: Lack of Correspondence among Plasma Constituents and Mortality
Authors: Davis M. W. , Schreck C. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAge‐1 and age‐2 Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis were exposed to a range of times in air (0–60 min) and air temperatures (10°C or 16°C) that simulated conditions on deck after capture to test for correspondence among responses in plasma constituents and mortality. Pacific halibut mortality generally did not correspond with cortisol, glucose, sodium, and potassium since the maximum observed plasma concentrations were reached after exposure to 30 min in air, while significant mortality occurred only after exposure to 40 min in air for age‐1 fish and 60 min in air for age‐2 fish. Predicting mortality in discarded Pacific halibut using these plasma constituents does not appear to be feasible. Lactate concentrations corresponded with mortality in age‐1 fish exposed to 16°C and may be useful predictors of discard mortality under a limited set of fishing conditions.
Incidence and Physiological Consequences of Decompression in Smallmouth Bass after Live‐Release Angling Tournaments
Authors: Morrissey Michael B. , Suski Cory D. , Esseltine Kevin R. , Tufts Bruce L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDecompression can be an important problem for fish that are rapidly brought to the surface. The main objectives of this study were to (1) examine the incidence of external signs of decompression in smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu after live‐release angling tournaments on lakes with different depths, (2) determine the physiological changes in smallmouth bass that exhibit external decompression signs, and (3) identify the best methodological approaches for evaluating this type of disturbance. Our results indicate that decompression does not cause problems for smallmouth bass when tournaments are held on relatively shallow lakes. However, when tournament anglers have access to deep water (>5 m), significant numbers of smallmouth bass may exhibit decompression signs after these events. Decompression signs include swim bladder overinflation, increased plasma lactate, and increased activity of tissue enzymes in plasma. Tournament‐caught smallmouth bass exhibiting external signs of decompression also experience internal physiological changes, including significant elevations in the plasma levels of intracellular enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]; enzyme number 1.1.1.27; creatine phosphokinase [CPK]; 2.7.3.2; and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]; 2.6.1.1), red blood cell lysis, and a larger anaerobic disturbance after the weigh‐in than observed in nondecompressed smallmouth bass. Additional laboratory experiments indicate that plasma AST activity may be the most useful indicator of the extent of tissue damage in decompressed smallmouth bass because it is highly correlated to plasma LDH and CPK levels but is not influenced by the blood sampling method.
Constrained closed‐loop control of depth of anaesthesia in the operating theatre during surgery
Authors: Mahfouf M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe constrained version of generalized predictive control (GPC) which employs the quadratic programming (QP) approach is evaluated for on‐line administration of an anaesthetic drug in the operating theatre during surgery. In the first instance, a patient simulator was developed using a physiological model of the patient and the necessary control software was validated via a series of extensive simulation experiments. Such a validated system was then transferred into the operating theatre for a series of clinical evaluation trials. The clinical trials, which were performed with little involvement of the design engineer, led to a good regulation of unconsciousness using fixed‐parameters as well the adaptive version of the algorithm. Furthermore, the constrained algorithm displayed good robustness properties against disturbances such as high stimulus levels and allowed for safe and economically effective administration of the anaesthetic agent isoflurane. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Invasive neural prosthesis for neural signal detection and nerve stimulation
Authors: Gasson Mark , Hutt Benjamin , Goodhew Iain , Kyberd Peter , Warwick Kevin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper specifically examines the implantation of a microelectrode array into the median nerve of the left arm of a healthy male volunteer. The objective was to establish a bi‐directional link between the human nervous system and a computer, via a unique interface module. This is the first time that such a device has been used with a healthy human. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy, compatibility, and long term operability of the neural implant in allowing the subject to perceive feedback stimulation and for neural activity to be detected and processed such that the subject could interact with remote technologies. A case study demonstrating real‐time control of an instrumented prosthetic hand by means of the bi‐directional link is given.The implantation did not result in infection, and scanning electron microscope images of the implant post extraction have not indicated significant rejection of the implant by the body. No perceivable loss of hand sensation or motion control was experienced by the subject while the implant was in place, and further testing of the subject following the removal of the implant has not indicated any measurable long term defects. The implant was extracted after 96 days. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuro‐fuzzy uncertainty de‐coupling: a multiple‐model paradigm for fault detection and isolation
Authors: Uppal Faisel J. , Patton Ron J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a neuro‐fuzzy and de‐coupling fault diagnosis scheme (NFDFDS) is proposed for fault detection and isolation (FDI) of nonlinear dynamic systems. In this approach, powerful approximation and reasoning capabilities of neuro‐fuzzy models are combined with the de‐coupling capabilities of optimal observers to perform reliable fault detection and isolation. The neuro‐fuzzy model presented here is a special form of Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model used to represent the system by a fuzzy fusion of local linear sub‐models. The necessary condition for the application of this FDI scheme is that this special form of the TS model can represent the nonlinear system, which is true for many practical systems. It is shown that if all the local models are stable and the corresponding local observers converge to the local models it can be expected that the global model is stable and the corresponding global observer will converge to the nonlinear input–output system. An application of FDI for an electro‐pneumatic valve actuator in a sugar factory is presented. Key issues of finding a suitable structure for detecting and isolatingninerealistic actuator faults are described. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental studies of a new compact design four‐bed PSA equipment for producing oxygen
Authors: Zhou Li , Li Jie , Su Wei , Sun Yan , Zhou Yaping 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new compact design of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) equipment was presented. All columns of the PSA process reduced to disks that are stacked tightly together. The total size of the equipment was thus substantially reduced. The feasibility and the process performance of the new design were tested with a four‐bed process aiming to produce oxygen from air. The adsorbent used was zeolite molecular sieve ZMS‐5A. Although the process performance was limited by the relatively nonefficient adsorbent, the feasibility of the compact arrangement of disk columns was proven, and the advantages in the compensation of the thermal effect of adsorption and in the higher energy efficiency were also demonstrated. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Temperature conversion (mesophilic to thermophilic) of municipal sludge digestion
Authors: de la Rubia M. A. , Romero L. I. , Sales D. , Perez M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA protocol proposed is described here to characterize for the conversion from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions in a pilot‐scale anaerobic digester that operates with municipal mixed sludge. Furthermore, the performance of thermophilic operation relative to the previous mesophilic operating status was evaluated. The performance was evaluated in terms of a number of parameters that included organic removal rate (ORR) (kgVS/m3·d and kgCOD/m3·d), biogas and volumetric methane production rate (m3/m3·d), pH, total acidity (mg acetic acid/L) and acidity/alkalinity relationship. The digester was initially operated with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.26 kgVS/m3·d and a solids retention time (SRT) of 27 days under mesophilic conditions (35°C). The solids destruction efficiency was found to be 54.3%, while the volumetric biogas production in the digester reached 0.36 m3/m3·d. The strategy selected for the conversion from mesophilic to thermophilic digestion involved slowly increasing the temperature of the digester (0.38° C/d) until it reached 43°C. In this way, the temperature of the digester was raised from 43 to 45°C and then operated at a constant 45°C. The performance parameters at this temperature indicated that the digester was unstable. For this reason the OLR was decreased until feeding was suppressed. The reactor operated at 45°C for 32 days, and the temperature of the digester was then raised from 45 to 50°C (without feeding). The temperature was subsequently raised to 50 – 52°C with the system operating at variable SRT (65‐52 days), and finally, the temperature was increased at a rate of 0.13°C/d until it reached 55°C. At thermophilic conditions (55°C), the OLR studied was 1.48 kgVS/m3·d (SRT: 27 days), and under these conditions the solids destruction efficiency was 53.3% VS, and the biogas produced in the digester reached 0.32 m3/m3·d. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Flow‐cytometric analysis of peripheral blood neutrophils: A simple, objective, independent and potentially clinically useful assay to facilitate the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Cherian Sindhu , Moore Jonni , Bantly Andrew , Vergilio Jo‐Anne , Klein Peter , Luger Selina , Bagg Adam 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is based upon cytopenias, morphologic dysplasia, and cytogenetic abnormalities. Because morphologic dyspoiesis may be subtle, and many cases have normal cytogenetics, additional objective diagnostic tools are needed. We previously developed a novel peripheral blood neutrophil flow‐cytometric (FCM) scoring system to identify patients with MDS. Here, in an analysis of 25 patients, we demonstrate that FCM abnormalities are independent of currently measured parameters in MDS, including cytopenias, marrow blast percent, and IPSS score. Importantly, FCM abnormalities were seen in 9/16 MDS patients with normal cytogenetics, suggesting that this simple, non‐invasive assay could play a central role in the diagnosis of MDS. Am. J. Hematol. 79:243–245, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of single‐tube osmotic fragility as a screening test for thalassemia
Authors: Chow Jason , Phelan Lorraine , Bain Barbara J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA single‐tube osmotic fragility test has been proposed for thalassemia screening with a range of different concentrations of saline having been employed. We have compared the sensitivity and specificity of 0.32%, 0.34%, and 0.36% buffered saline, and on the basis of our findings, recommend the use of 0.36% saline. This gave definitely positive or equivocal results in 81 of 85 patients with β thalassemia trait and in 4 of 4 with α0 thalassemia trait. There were 14% false positive results in hematologically normal patients and 81% of the samples from patients with various variant hemoglobins gave positive results. The sensitivity was 95% and specificity 86%. The single‐tube osmotic fragility test is potentially useful in under‐resourced laboratories although it cannot replace automated red cell indices using electronic counters. Am. J. Hematol. 79:198–201, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural changes during the thermal stabilization of modified and original polyacrylonitrile precursors
Authors: Jie Liu , Wangxi Zhang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fiber of a special grade for preparing carbon fibers was modified by the impregnation of an aqueous KMnO4 solution. The effects of the modification on the lateral and morphology structure, related to the crystalline properties of both the precursors and preoxidized fibers, such as the orientation index, crystal size, and crystallinity index, were measured by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. For both modified and original PAN fibers, a comparative study of the changes of the elemental content during the process of preoxidation, the relations between the thermal stress and heat‐treatment temperature, and the effect of the modification on the skin/core structure of a preoxidized fiber were also introduced by the use of elemental analysis, optical microscopy, and so on. The modification of KMnO4 was demonstrated to increase the density, increase the crystallinity index, increase the preferred orientation index, and decrease the crystal size for a modified precursor fiber and for a preoxidized fiber developed from a modified precursor fiber after a different heat‐treatment temperature. KMnO4 also showed a catalytic action, accelerating the rate of preoxidation and reducing the time of thermal stabilization; this improved the homogenization of the cross‐section structure and led to an improvement in the tensile strength of 15–20% and an improvement in the elongation of 20–30% in the resulting carbon fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2047–2053, 2005
Normal distribution of melanocytes in the mouse heart
Authors: Mjaatvedt Corey H. , Kern Christine B. , Norris Russel A. , Fairey Sarah , Cave Courtney L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe report the consistent distribution of a population of pigmented trp‐1‐positive cells in several important septal and valvular structures of the normal mouse (C57BL/6) heart. The pigmented cell population was first apparent by E16.5 p.c. in the right atrial wall and extended into the atrium along the interatrial septum. By E17.5, these cells were found along the apical membranous interventricular septum near or below the surface of the endocardium. The most striking distribution of dark pigmented cells was found in the tricuspid and mitral valvular leaflets and chordae tendineae. The normal distribution of pigmented cells in the valvuloseptal apparatus of C57BL/6 adult heart suggests that a premelanocytic lineage may participate in the earlier morphogenesis of the valve leaflets and chordae tendineae. The origin of the premelanocyte lineage is currently unknown. The most likely candidate populations include the neural crest and the epicardially derived cells. The only cell type in the heart previously shown to form melanocytes is the neural crest. The presence of neural crest cells, but not melanocytes, in some of the regions we describe has been reported by others. However, previous reports have not shown a contribution of melanocytes or neural crest derivatives to the atrioventricular valve leaflets or chordae tendineae in mouse hearts. If these cells are of neural crest origin, it would suggest a possibly greater contribution and persistence of neural crest cells to the valvuloseptal apparatus than has been previously understood. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internal luminal pressure during early chick embryonic brain growth: Descriptive and empirical observations
Authors: Desmond Mary E. , Levitan Michael L. , Haas Andrew R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIf the intraluminal pressure of the brain is decreased for 24 hr, the brain and neuroepithelium volumes are both reduced in half. The current study measured the intraluminal pressure throughout the period of rapid brain growth using a servo‐null micropressure monitoring system. From 613 measurements made on 55 embryos, we show that the intraluminal pressure over this time period is appropriately described by a linear model with correlation coefficient of 0.752. To assess whether sustained hyperpressure would increase mitosis, elevated intraluminal pressure was induced in 10 embryos for 1‐hr duration via a gravity‐fed drip. The mitotic density and index of the mesencephalon were measured for the 10 embryos. Those embryos, in which the colchicine solution was added to the intraluminal cerebrospinal fluid creating a sustained hyperpressure, exhibited at least a 2.5‐fold increase in both the mitotic density and index compared with control embryos. Based on the small sample size, we cautiously conclude that sustained hyper‐intraluminal pressure does stimulate mitosis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional cardiac ganglia projections in the guinea pig heart studied by postmortem DiI tracing
Authors: Harrison Theresa A. , Perry Kristi M. , Hoover Donald B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOur purpose was to identify and localize intrinsic cardiac ganglia innervating distinct regions of the heart using postmortem tracing of nerve projections with DiI, a method not previously used to study the intrinsic cardiac nervous system. We also investigated the possibility of collateral innervation of myocardium and intrinsic ganglia. In isolated paraformaldehyde‐fixed guinea pig hearts, crystals of DiI (1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) were inserted into the posterior ventricular myocardium below the atrioventricular groove, the right atrium, or the left ventricular septum. Hearts were placed in the dark at 37°C for 2–14 weeks to allow DiI diffusion within neuronal membranes. Labeled neurons were observed in intracardiac ganglia after at least 4 weeks of dye exposure. Labeling was restricted to the inferior‐most ganglia (those near the atrioventricular groove) when DiI was inserted into the posterior ventricular myocardium and to ganglia near the sinus node after right atrial DiI placement. Application of DiI to the left ventricular septum resulted in neuron labeling in ganglia primarily in the interatrial septum near the atrioventricular node. After 8 weeks, DiI‐labeled nerve fibers and varicosities were seen surrounding unlabeled neurons in some ganglia, suggesting that axons terminating in or passing through the DiI application site in posterior ventricular tissue had collateral branches innervating these ganglia. These results indicate that intrinsic innervation of major cardiac subdivisions is accomplished by regionally segregated cardiac ganglia. Also, tracing with DiI has provided evidence for collateral nerve projections that could be the substrate for novel intracardiac regulatory circuits. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of the magnetic survey at Deir al‐Barsha, Egypt
Authors: Herbich Tomasz , Peeters Christoph 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe site of Deir al‐Barsha (Middle Egypt) is well known for its nomarchal rock tombs cut in the cliffs and dating to the Middle Kingdom (2040–1640 BC), but the presence of a necropolis of the same date in the sandy gravel desert plain was seldom mentioned in the past. Part of this necropolis had been investigated at the beginning of the twentieth century, but no plans or detailed accounts were ever published. The tombs were observed then to be structures lined with mud bricks with shafts going down several metres. In 2002, when archaeologists returned to this burial ground, few of the archaeological remains were still visible on the surface, the area being pitted with deep craters left over from the earlier excavations. The objective of the research, which was to gain insight into the overall organization and social stratification of the cemetery, required the use of the magnetic surveying method. A series of anomalies was registered in effect and interpreted as the images of shafts and accompanying ground structures (circuit walls). Several of these features have already been verified in excavations. The magnetic study has also led to the discovery of a previously unrecognized dirt road cutting across the necropolis from the nomarchal tombs to the Nile valley. The research has also attested later post‐burial human activity: the magnetic maps have provided a record of several hundred of pits dug by grave robbers and not visible presently on the surface. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of archaeological crop marks on declassified CORONA KH‐4B intelligence satellite photography of Southern England
Authors: Fowler Martin J. F. , Fowler Yvonne M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecently declassified intelligence satellite photographs acquired in the 1960s and early 1970s by the CORONA programme have been found to be an important source of low‐cost, relatively high resolution, overhead photography that can be used in the prospection for archaeological features. Hitherto, the material has been used primarily to detect archaeological features in the arid regions of Asia Minor and the Middle East either in relief or through changes in soil tone resulting from the presence of former human habitation. In this paper the authors describe, for the first time, the detection of archaeological crop marks on CORONA KH‐4B photography of southern England indicating that there could be a wider utility of the CORONA archive for archaeological prospection in temperate regions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.