bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in a 72-year-old patient with a left ventricular assist device and prior mitral edge-to-edge repair: a case report
Authors: Staubach Stephan , Sailer Michael , Koch Johannes , Maier Anatol , Jeron Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
We report a case of a 72-year-old patient developing a significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) 6 years after a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The aim of this case is to demonstrate the feasibility of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) of the tricuspid valve and the excellent clinical benefit in long-term follow-up in an LVAD patient.

Case summary
Our patient presented with recurrent acute heart failure syndrome. After a fulminant myocarditis in 2005, his previous treatment consisted of cardiac resynchronization therapy, TEER of the mitral valve, and LVAD (HeartMate III) implantation. At that point in time, his TR was only mild to moderate. Due to recurrent hospitalization despite optimized heart failure medication, we decided to treat the patient with a tricuspid TEER. His immediate post-interventional result and 1-year follow-up showed an excellent outcome with only minimal TR on transoesophageal echocardiogram.

Discussion
In general, TR improves after LVAD implantation. However, there are two possible pathophysiological mechanisms, which result in an increasing TR: firstly, supporting LV dysfunction may lead to a leftward shift of the interventricular septum with restriction of the tricuspid leaflets. Secondly, the increase of venous preload with LVAD support may result in an annular dilatation with secondary TR, particularly in patients with pre-existing right ventricular dysfunction. According to the data currently available, the unpredictable course of developing TR necessitates regular clinical examination and echocardiographic investigation. Treatment with TEER appears to be feasible and safe, with excellent 1-year results in patients with previously implanted LVADs.
Unusual optical coherence tomography findings resembling sea anemone tentacles after orbital atherectomy for nodular calcification lesions in a haemodialysis patient: a case report
Authors: Imamura Mayuko , Yunoki Kei , Miyahara Katsunori , Oka Takefumi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to characterize the details of calcified plaques because it allows high-resolution evaluation of coronary plaques, thrombi, and calcium.

Case summary
A 72-year-old man on haemodialysis who had stenosis with a severe calcified lesion at the left anterior descending artery underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Pre-intervention OCT imaging identified a nodular calcification (NC) that protruded into the lumen of the left anterior descending artery. To treat this lesion, we performed orbital atherectomy using the Diamondback 360 coronary orbital atherectomy system. After ablation of the nodular lesions at low and high speed, OCT showed newly emerged granular and filamentous structures that resembled sea anemone tentacles (these represented calcified nodule-like OCT findings). These structures appeared to extend from the proximal part of the ablated small NC, and shifted distally after balloon dilatation. Stent implantation was performed to entirely cover these structures, with no resulting complications. However, early in-stent restenosis occurred at 4 months follow-up.

Discussion
A tentacle-like OCT appearance in calcified lesions has not been previously reported. This represents a very rare and interesting imaging finding that reflects the relationship and origins of NCs and calcified nodules. The maturity of the NC lesions and the lateral sanding style of the orbital atherectomy system may have contributed to this striking OCT finding.
The Genome of Plasmodium gonderi: Insights into the Evolution of Human Malaria Parasites
Authors: Cepeda Axl S , Mello Beatriz , Pacheco M Andreína , Luo Zunping , Sullivan Steven A , Carlton Jane M , Escalante Ananias A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Plasmodium species causing malaria in humans are not monophyletic, sharing common ancestors with nonhuman primate parasites. Plasmodium gonderi is one of the few known Plasmodium species infecting African old-world monkeys that are not found in apes. This study reports a de novo assembled P. gonderi genome with complete chromosomes. The P. gonderi genome shares codon usage, syntenic blocks, and other characteristics with the human parasites Plasmodium ovale s.l. and Plasmodium malariae, also of African origin, and the human parasite Plasmodium vivax and species found in nonhuman primates from Southeast Asia. Using phylogenetically aware methods, newly identified syntenic blocks were found enriched with conserved metabolic genes. Regions outside those blocks harbored genes encoding proteins involved in the vertebrate host-Plasmodium relationship undergoing faster evolution. Such genome architecture may have facilitated colonizing vertebrate hosts. Phylogenomic analyses estimated the common ancestor between P. vivax and an African ape parasite P. vivax-like, within the Asian nonhuman primates parasites clade. Time estimates incorporating P. gonderi placed the P. vivax and P. vivax-like common ancestor in the late Pleistocene, a time of active migration of hominids between Africa and Asia. Thus, phylogenomic and time-tree analyses are consistent with an Asian origin for P. vivax and an introduction of P. vivax-like into Africa. Unlike other studies, time estimates for the clade with Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal human malaria parasite, coincide with their host species radiation, African hominids. Overall, the newly assembled genome presented here has the quality to support comparative genomic investigations in Plasmodium.
MUYSC: an end-to-end muography simulation toolbox
Authors: Peña-Rodríguez J , Jaimes-Teherán J , Dlaikan-Castillo K , Núñez L A 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Muography is an imaging technique that relies on the attenuation of the muon flux traversing geological or anthropogenic structures. Several simulation frameworks help to perform muography studies by combining specialized codes: for muon generation through muon transport to muon detector performance. This methodology is precise but requires significant computational resources and time. We present an end-to-end python-based MUographY Simulation Code, which implements a muography simulation framework capable of rapidly estimating muograms of any geological structure worldwide. This framework considers the generated muon flux as the observation point; the energy loss of muons passing through the geological target; the integrated muon flux detected by the telescope and estimates the 3-D density distribution of the target using algebraic reconstruction techniques. The simulations ignore the relatively small muon flux variance caused by geomagnetic effects, solar modulation and atmospheric conditions. We validate the code performance by comparing our simulation results with data from other frameworks.
Shmal’tsovniki: Bounty Hunters in World War II Galicia, 1941–1944
Authors: Burds Jeffrey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Among the most notorious forms of collaboration with the German occupation of District Galicia were the so-called shmal’tsovniki (szmalcownicy) or marodëry (profiteers), bounty hunters who betrayed Jews to the German police for cash rewards, apartments, food, and a host of other incentives. In this study of post-Soviet Russian, Ukrainian, German, Israeli, and Polish sources, the author has traced the nefarious roles these local collaborators played in the Holocaust. He has endeavored to outline the political economy of genocide in Galicia, tracing the transformation of relations among neighbors into a predatory hunt for Jewish men, women, and children who had been driven into hiding to escape persecution and genocide. Archival documents and eyewitness testimonies reveal that bounty hunters preyed not just on Jews, but also on so-called Righteous Gentiles, typically well-meaning Poles or Ukrainians whose acts of kindness were sometimes turned against them in the morally inverted world of the German occupation. In this way, the German occupation authorities generated a mass culture of fear and suspicion that facilitated the rounding up and liquidation of remaining Jews.
Misunderstanding Myanmar through the lens of democracy
Authors: Brenner David 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article takes the 2021 military coup in Myanmar and its violent aftermath as a starting point for analysing the dominant lens through which western observers commonly narrate the country's politics as a struggle for democracy. It shows how focusing on questions of the political system is insufficient for explaining political processes and conflict dynamics, and how it risks sanitizing the country's past and presence of nationalism, ethnic conflict and genocide. A postcolonial reading suggests that finding solutions to conflict and authoritarianism in Myanmar demands questioning the role of the modern nation-state itself. This analysis contributes to recent research which has found that Conflict and Peace Studies develops theories from some conflicts over others, reflecting how western interests shape academic choices in a field that aims to inform policy and practice worldwide. This article contributes to this debate on knowledge production by arguing that this selectivity bias is not simply a function of general western interest (or lack thereof). It is also linked to the frames that govern our interest in and understanding of countries and regions worldwide. Studying ‘forgotten conflicts’ in the global South not only necessitates a turn to specialist literature, but also demands moving beyond Eurocentric frames of reference.
Acoustic presence and demographics of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) off southern New England and near a US offshore wind energy area
Authors: Westell Annabel , Rowell Timothy J , Posdaljian Natalie , Solsona-Berga Alba , Van Parijs Sofie M , DeAngelis Annamaria I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Construction in the southern New England wind energy area (WEA), a large-scale offshore wind farm on the east coast of the United States, started in June 2023. Baseline data was collected from 2020 to 2022, with six passive acoustic recorders (SoundTraps) deployed at shallow (&lt;60 m) sites in the vicinity of Nantucket Shoals and Cox’s Ledge. Data were analysed for sperm whale presence, and demographic composition was assessed using interclick intervals. Presence varied by site, season, and year. Sperm whales were detected year-round but the majority (78%) of days with acoustic occurrences were between May and August. Three demographic classes (putative social groups, adult males, and midsize animals) were detected across multiple seasons, with social groups detected most frequently. Sound propagation tests were conducted at two sites and predicted detection ranges within 20–40 km indicate that sperm whales were likely in proximity to the WEA. These results provide a baseline that will be used to assess ongoing sperm whale presence, especially that of social groups which may be more sensitive to disturbance. This study highlights why sperm whales, classed as endangered in US waters, should be considered in mitigation plans and permitting efforts for offshore wind energy.
A Gehring–Hayman Inequality for Strongly Pseudoconvex Domains
Authors: Kosiński Łukasz , Nikolov Nikolai , Thomas Pascal J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We prove that if $D$ is a strongly pseudoconvex domain with $\mathcal C^{2, \alpha }$-smooth boundary, then the length of a geodesic for the Kobayashi–Royden infinitesimal metric between two points is bounded by a constant multiple of the Euclidean distance between the points.
A late burst of colour evolution in a radiation of songbirds (Passeriformes: Parulidae) suggests secondary contact drives signal divergence
Authors: Leroy Hélène , Bowie Rauri C K , Rubáčová Lucia , Matysioková Beata , Remeš Vladimír 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Evolutionary radiations provide important insights into species diversification, which is especially true of adaptive radiations. New World wood warblers (Parulidae) are a family of small, insectivorous, forest-dwelling passerine birds, often considered an exemplar of adaptive radiation due to their rapid diversification followed by a slowdown. However, they deviate from the expectations of an adaptive radiation scenario due to the lack of conspicuous morphological and ecological differentiation. We fitted several macroevolutionary models to trait data in 105 species of wood warblers. We tested whether morphological traits underwent an early burst of evolution (suggesting adaptation to new ecological niches in adaptive radiations) and whether song and colour underwent a diversity-dependent acceleration of trait evolutionary rate (consistent with reproductive interference driving signal evolution). Morphology and song evolved gradually under stabilizing selection, suggesting niche conservatism, with morphology possibly acting as a constraint on song evolution. In contrast, many feather colour traits underwent a diversity-dependent burst of evolution occurring late in the clade’s history. We suggest that a two-step process has led to the remarkable diversification of wood warblers. First, their early diversification probably proceeded by allopatric speciation. Second, feather colour divergence likely occurred during secondary contact after range expansion. This diversification of signalling traits might have facilitated species coexistence, in combination with behavioural niche partitioning. Wood warblers seem to present characteristics of both adaptive and non-adaptive radiations.
Patterns of genetic divergence in the Rio Grande cooter (Pseudemys gorzugi), a riverine turtle inhabiting an arid and anthropogenically modified system
Authors: Vandewege Michael W , Gutierrez Javier , Davis Drew R , Forstner Michael R J , Mali Ivana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe lower Rio Grande and Pecos River of the southwest United States have been heavily modified by human activities, profoundly impacting the integrity of their aquatic wildlife. In this context, we focused our study on the population genomics of the Rio Grande Cooter (Pseudemys gorzugi), a freshwater turtle of increasing conservation concern, residing in these two rivers and their tributaries. The genetic data revealed two distinct populations: one in the Pecos and Black Rivers of New Mexico and another in the Rio Grande and Devils River of Texas, with admixed individuals identified at the confluence of the Rio Grande and Pecos River. In addition to having a smaller geographic range, we found lower observed heterozygosity, reduced nucleotide diversity, and a smaller effective population size (Ne) in New Mexico population. Our results depict a significant isolation-by-distance pattern across their distribution, with migration being notably infrequent at river confluences. These findings are pivotal for future conservation and restoration strategies, emphasizing the need to recognize the unique needs of each population.
The circadian clock and thermal regulation in plants: novel insights into the role of positive circadian clock regulators in temperature responses
Authors: de Leone María José , Yanovsky Marcelo Javier 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The impact of rising global temperatures on crop yields is a serious concern, and the development of heat-resistant crop varieties is crucial for mitigating the effects of climate change on agriculture. To achieve this, a better understanding of the molecular basis of the thermal responses of plants is necessary. The circadian clock plays a central role in modulating plant biology in synchrony with environmental changes, including temperature fluctuations. Recent studies have uncovered the role of transcriptional activators of the core circadian network in plant temperature responses. This expert view highlights key novel findings regarding the role of the RVE and LNK gene families in controlling gene expression patterns and plant growth under different temperature conditions, ranging from regular diurnal oscillations to extreme stress temperatures. These findings reinforce the essential role of the circadian clock in plant adaptation to changing temperatures and provide a basis for future studies on crop improvement.
Religious-Zionist Right-Wing Israelis: Their Expectations of Archeological Research in Judea and Samaria and Their Ways of Contending with the Resulting Complicated Findings
Authors: Lash Mordechay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The encounter between West Bank settlers and the archeologists who came to survey and excavate in their midst at the beginning of the 1980s was a formative moment that led to the settlers’ embrace of the field of archeology. The findings of the surveys and excavations that were conducted in the region, however, raised new insights regarding the early years of the Jewish People and the historical reliability of some of the biblical texts, forcing the settlers to face a complicated reality. Except for their selective adoption of researchers and of conclusions they viewed as supporting the biblical narrative, the settlers accused researchers who presented new conclusions of nontopical deviation and presented an alternative paradigm of their own that did not stand up to criticism. In contrast, researchers from the second generation of West Bank settlers have employed a more professional approach to archeology and do not see themselves as using it to prove identity or ownership. It appears that, in addition to academic influences and their sense of “indigenousness,” this reality is the product of a fundamental crisis that has befallen the religious-ideological public, the thrust of which has been a deconstruction of the harmony of the messianic vision, one expression of which has been the changing intergenerational approach to the role of archeology.
Evidence for episodic black hole growth of reionization-era quasars observed with Magellan/FIRE
Authors: Bigwood Leah , Eilers Anna-Christina , Simcoe Robert A 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Observations of high-redshift quasars hosting billion solar mass black holes at z ≳ 6 challenge our understanding of early supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth. In this work, we conduct a near-infrared spectroscopic study of 19 quasars at 6.2 ≲ z ≲ 7.5, using the Folded-port InfraRed Echellette instrument on the 6.5-m Magellan/Baade Telescope. We estimate the single-epoch masses of the quasars’ SMBHs by means of the Mg ii emission line and find black hole masses of $M_{\text{BH}} \approx (0.2\!\!-\!\!4.8)\, \times \, 10^9\ \mathrm{ M}_\odot$. Furthermore, we measure the sizes of the quasars’ proximity zones, which are regions of enhanced transmitted flux bluewards of the Ly $\alpha \,$ emission line, ionized by the quasars’ radiation itself. While it has been shown that the proximity zone sizes correlate with the quasars’ lifetimes due to the finite response time of the intergalactic medium to the quasars’ radiation, we do not find any correlation between the proximity zone sizes and the black hole mass, which suggests that quasar activity and the concomitant black hole growth are intermittent and episodic.
Advancements in chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T-cell therapy for glioblastoma multiforme: Literature review and future directions
Authors: Goutnik Michael , Iakovidis Alexandria , Still Megan E H , Moor Rachel S F , Melnick Kaitlyn , Yan Sandra , Abbas Muhammad , Huang Jianping , Ghiaseddin Ashley P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive cancer that has been difficult to treat and often requires multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor-expressing (CAR-T) cells have been efficacious in treating hematological malignancies, resulting in several FDA-approved therapies. CAR-T cells have been more recently studied for the treatment of GBM, with some promising preclinical and clinical results. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the commonly targeted antigens, results of clinical trials, novel modifications, and potential solutions for challenges that exist for CAR-T cells to become more widely implemented and effective in eradicating GBM.
William Blackstone
Authors: Holmes Pearson Ellen 
Published: February 2024

Accomplished legal scholar and jurist William Blackstone (b. 1723–d. 1780) is known for his remarkable work, the Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765–1769). Born in London, Blackstone won a scholarship to Pembroke College, Oxford, and subsequently studied the common law in London before being called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1746. In 1758, he was elected as the first Vinerian Chair in English Law at Oxford, a position he held until 1766. As Vinerian Professor, Blackstone delivered the first lectures on English common law in any university in the world. In 1765 he published the first volume of his Oxford lectures, eventually producing four volumes of the Commentaries. During his career, Blackstone published many other works, and a collection of his nominate reports was published shortly after his death. The Commentaries, however, were his crowning achievement. This seminal work synthesized the writings of generations of judges, legal treatise writers, Parliamentary legislation, and political theories, making England’s common law accessible to students of the law. After an introduction that addressed the study of law and the nature of laws in general as well as in England and its subject countries, the volumes explored the rights of persons; the rights of things; private wrongs, meaning offenses against individuals; and public wrongs, or criminal law. The Commentaries ran through eight English editions in his lifetime, and in America, it sold more than one thousand copies before an edition was printed in America in 1771–1772. In the absence of American legal treatises and home-grown precedent, late-18th and early-19th-century law students and practitioners turned to the Commentaries as a central reference on the common law. Contemporary critics, most notably Jeremy Bentham, described Blackstone’s work as a chaotic and superficial attempt to preserve the common law, which he considered to be a confusing and outdated legal system. His supporters praised his ability to distill the complicated layers of English law into four volumes that constituted a systematic description of common law. In 1770 he was appointed a judge in the Court of Common Pleas, where he served until his death in 1780, at the age of fifty-six. Blackstone’s ideas about Anglo-American common law are still relevant today, as can be seen through the continued interest of scholars and law practitioners into the 21st century.
Pretreatment and Acquired Drug Resistance in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Ebonyi Augustine O , Okpokwu Jonathan , Rawizza Holly , Chebu Philippe , Chaplin Beth , Hamel Donald , Oguche Stephen , Agbaji Oche O , Sagay Atiene S , Kanki Phyllis J , Imade Godwin E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We determined pretreatment and acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance among children with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in Jos, Nigeria. The majority (71%) of those who failed first-line antiretroviral therapy were on a nevirapine-containing regimen. The prevalence of pretreatment (48%) and acquired (76%) HIV drug resistance mutations was high in our study. Wider access to HIV drug resistance testing after treatment failure is necessary to optimize second-line treatment options among children with HIV in Nigeria.