bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients undergoing coronary revascularisation: a missed opportunity for secondary prevention?
Authors: Fox D J , Kibiro M , Eichhöfer J , Curzen N P 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
This study tested the hypothesis that the opportunity to start secondary prevention therapy before discharge after coronary revascularisation is being missed. The study assessed current prescribing practice and identified discrepancies in prescribing for patients managed by surgeons (especially) and cardiologists.

Methods
200 consecutive patients from the Manchester Heart Centre percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass (CABG) registries were identified (100 from each registry) and the notes analysed. All had undergone coronary revascularisation from February 2002 to March 2002. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows, version 10.1.

Results
After exclusion of two patients with contraindications, 100% (98 of 98) of PCI patients and 92% (90 of 98) CABG patients were prescribed aspirin at discharge. Eight two per cent of eligible PCI patients and 70% of eligible CABG patients were prescribed β blockers at discharge. Ninety six per cent (96 of 100) of PCI patients and 73% (73 of 100) of CABG patients were prescribed statins of any dose at discharge, (p&lt;0.001). Sixty five per cent of PCI but only 26% of CABG patients were discharged prescribed ACE inhibitors (eligible patients based on HOPE, heart outcomes prevention evaluation trial), (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Secondary prevention prescription after coronary revascularisation remains suboptimal in all but aspirin use. Patients in the PCI group were statistically more likely to be discharged prescribed a statin or an ACE inhibitor, or both, than patients after CABG. Both interventional cardiologists and (especially) cardiac surgeons must improve their use of secondary prevention therapy.
Pathophysiology of dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kolovou G D , Anagnostopoulou K K , Cokkinos D V 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome is characterised by the variable coexistence of hyperinsulinaemia, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. The pathogenesis of the syndrome has multiple origins, but obesity and sedentary lifestyle coupled with diet and still largely unknown genetic factors clearly interact to produce the syndrome. Dyslipidaemia, the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome, includes increased flux of free fatty acids, raised triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and small dense low density lipoprotein, and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The widely prevalent nature of the metabolic syndrome emphasises the importance of its diagnosis and treatment. This review analyses the clinical and dynamic features of this syndrome in the aspect of dyslipidaemia and its management.
Variations in the provision of resuscitation equipment: survey of acute hospitals
Authors: Hogh L , Kane I , Bhalla A , Ward M C 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackgroundThere are wide variations in survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The aim of this survey was to describe how equipment provision of resuscitation trolleys was deployed in a range of clinical ward areas.MethodsThe equipment in randomly selected resuscitation trolleys in all 14 South West Thames Region hospitals was surveyed. The gold standard for equipment provision was referenced from the document CPR Guidance for Clinical Practice and Training in Hospital.ResultsThere were significant differences in the provision of circulation equipment (p = 0.004) and in the rates of drug items present (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in provision of airways equipment (p = 0.24) or immediate access items (p = 0.55).ConclusionsThere are variations in the provision of resuscitation equipment in many clinical areas. Hospitals need to review the procedures for ensuring adequate provision of resuscitation equipment in all clinical areas.
Pulmonary artery thrombosis in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Ng K H L , Wu A K L , Cheng V C C , Tang B S F , Chan C Y , Yung C Y , Luk S H , Lee T W , Chow L , Yuen K Y 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease with both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. Although coagulation abnormalities are common in these patients, clinically overt thromboembolic events are rarely reported. This report describes the first case of pulmonary artery thrombosis in a patient with laboratory confirmed SARS.
SELF-ASSEMBLED METAL QUANTUM DOTS
Authors: CHEN L. J. , SU P. Y. , LIANG J. M. , HU J. C. , WU W. W. , CHENG S. L. 
Published: May 2005

Long-range order of uniform in size and regular in shape 2D arrays of Au@TOAB-DT nanoparticles (4.9 nm) were formed by a displacement reaction of the outer-shells from tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) to dodecanethiol (DT) molecules at room temperature. The displacement reaction has utilized both superior size and shape control of Au@TOAB nanoparticles and uniform dispersion capability of Au@DT nanoparticles to achieve an extraordinarily large in extent (3 μ m × 3 μ m ) regular nanoparticle lattice structure. Self-assembled NiSi quantum dot arrays have been grown on relaxed epitaxial Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 on (001) Si . The formation of the one-dimensional ordered structure is attributed to the nucleation of NiSi nanodots on the surface undulations induced by step bunching on the surface of SiGe film owing to the miscut of the wafers from normal to the (001) Si direction. The two-dimensional, pseudo-hexagonal structure was achieved under the influence of repulsive stress between nanodots.
Erkundungen Von Gegenwelten: Zur Orientierungsleistung «mythischer» Reisen Am Beispiel Zweier Mesopotamischer Texte Erkundungen Von Gegenwelten: Zur Orientierungsleistung «mythischer» Reisen Am Beispiel Zweier Mesopotamischer Texte
Authors: Pezzoli-Olgiati Daria 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe present article focuses on the function of mythic journeys with regard to the problem of death and the transience of human life in two selected Mesopotamian literary sources: the Gilgamesh-Epic IX–XI and the Descent of Ishtar to the Underworld. The selected texts are analysed and compared from the perspective of a functionalist definition of religious symbol systems, with particular attention to the transformation involved in travelling through different cosmic regions. The structure of the journey, the characterisation of the different regions visited by the protagonist, and the changes provoked by the mythic travel evince similarities and differences in the strategies employed to produce a religious orientation dealing with the ineluctable limits of life.
Locality and Myth: the Resacralization of Selja and the Cult of St. Sunniva
Authors: Mikaelsson Lisbeth 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe article demonstrates the merging of contemporary processes of resacralization, retraditionalization, and local identity construction embodied in one particular example, the island of Selja on the west coast of Norway. In Roman-Catholic times, Selja was a major pilgrimage site, famous for its legend of St. Sunniva, an Irish princess who fled from her country and took refuge on the island where she suffered a martyr death. The national conversion to Lutheranism in the 16th century put an end to the official Sunniva cult. In our time, however, the legend has been revived and is celebrated for various purposes by the local Lutheran state church, the tourist business, and individuals who are attracted to the symbolic complex of Selja-Sunniva for spiritual reasons. The article argues that the revival of the legend converts the old site with its ruins and landscape features into a narrative space, re-establishing a sanctuary with a variety of symbolic references. Selja meets the requirements of modern seekers and pilgrims, while its history and myth are excellently fitted to serve local identity construction.
Is “Buddha-Nature” Buddhist?
Authors: King Richard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent controversies in Japanese Buddhist scholarship have focused upon the Mahāyāna notion of a “Buddha nature” within all sentient beings and whether or not the concept is compatible with traditional Buddhist teachings such as anātman (no-abiding-self). This controversy is not only relevant to Far Eastern Buddhism, for which the notion of a Buddha-nature is a central doctrinal theme, but also for the roots of this tradition in those Indian Mahāyāna sūtras which utilised the notion of tathāgatagarbha (Buddha-embryo or Buddha womb). One of the earliest Buddhist texts to discuss this notion is the Queen Śrīmālā Sūtra (Śrīmālādevīsūtra), which appears to display a transitional and revisionist attitude towards traditional Mahāyāna doctrines such as emptiness (śūnyatā) and no-abiding-self (anātman). These and related issues are examined as they occur in the Śrīmālā Sūtra and as they might relate to the issue of the place of Buddha-nature thought within the Buddhist tradition. Finally some concluding remarks are made about the quest for “true” Buddhism.
SOD polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum-group (Nematoda: Longidoridae)
Authors: Robbins Robert , Lemos Rui , Nagy Peter , McKenry Michael , Lamberti Franco , Abawi George , Moens Maurice , Kotcon James , Crozzoli Renato , Molinari Sergio , Magunacelaya Juan Carlos , Halbrendt John , Duncan Larry , Brown Derek , Nyczepir Andrew 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIsoelectrofocusing of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms was carried out on the extracts of 117 nematode populations belonging to the so-called Xiphinema americanum-group. These populations came from the USA (77), Chile (5), Argentina (1), Venezuela (5), Portugal (15), Italy (2), Crete (1), Montenegro (1), Slovakia (4), Hungary (3), Egypt (1) and India (2). A total of 17 bands of enzyme activity were observed in the screening, whilst single enzyme phenotypes showed from two to eight bands. The high degree of SOD polymorphism of this nematode collection was grouped by cluster analysis into seven distinct homogeneous groups characterised by specific combinations of SOD markers. Sub-groups could be discriminated for larger groups. The small Groups 3 and 5 were constituted mostly by populations from USA east coast states (i.e., NY and PA, respectively). The larger Group 1 resulted from the association of populations coming from various and distant North American States. In other large groups, North American populations were associated with South American and European populations. Overall, the data presented here suggest that geographic separation and different hosts do not seem to be the source of genetic diversity for the X. americanum-group. When an adequate number of populations were collected from the same country, the variability expressed by such a sub-sample was comparable to that of the whole nematode collection. For the first time, homogeneous populations of a large collection of X. americanum-group populations were associated by molecular means in order to explore further approaches that may help resolve the recalcitrant taxonomy and phylogeny of this much debated group.
Spirits and Land Reforms: Conflicts About Land in Dande, Northern Zimbabwe
Authors: Spierenburg Marja 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDespite its present support for the invasion of (mainly white-owned) commercial farms and emphasis on 'fast-track resettlement', most interventions by the post-Independence government of Zimbabwe in agriculture aimed to confine African farmers to the Communal Areas. In Dande, northern Zimbabwe, a land reform programme was introduced in 1987 that sought to 'rationalise' local land use practices and render them more efficient. Such reforms were deemed necessary to reduce the pressure on commercial farms. This article describes how the reforms caused Mhondoro mediums in Dande to challenge the authority of the state over land, thereby referring to the role they and their spirits played in the struggle for Independence. Pressure on the mediums to revoke their criticism resulted in a complex process in which adherents challenged the reputation of mediums who were not steadfast in their resistance to the reforms.
Characterization of conichalcite by SEM, FTIR, Raman and electronic reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Reddy B. J. , Frost R. L. , Martens W. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe mineral conichalcite from the western part of Bagdad mine, Bagdad, Eureka District, Yavapai County, Arizona, USA has been characterized by electronic, near-infrared (NIR), Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the mineral consists of bundles of fibres. Calculations based on the results of the energy dispersive X-ray analyses on a stoichiometric basis show the substitution of arsenate by 12 wt.% of phosphate in the mineral. Raman and IR bands are assigned in terms of the fundamental modes of AsO43− and PO43− molecules and are related to the mineral structure. Near-IR reflectance spectroscopy shows the presence of adsorbed water and hydroxyl units in the mineral. The Cu(II) coordination polyhedron in conichalcite can have at best pseudo-tetragonal geometry. The crystal field and tetragonal field parameters of the Cu(II) complex were calculated and found to agree well with the values reported for known tetragonal distortion octahedral complexes.
The development of functional B lymphocytes in conditional PU.1 knock-out mice
Authors: Polli Matthew , Dakic Aleksandar , Light Amanda , Wu Li , Tarlinton David M. , Nutt Stephen L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn abundance of research has entrenched the view that the Ets domain containing transcription factor PU.1 is fundamental to the development and function of B lymphocytes. In this study, we have made use of a conditional PU.1 allele to test this notion. Complete deletion of PU.1 resulted in the loss of B cells and all other lineage-positive cells in the fetal liver and death between E18.5 and birth; however, specific deletion of PU.1 in the B lineage had no effect on B-cell development. Furthermore, deletion of PU.1 in B cells did not compromise their ability to establish and maintain an immune response. An increased level of apoptosis was observed in vitro upon B-cell receptor (BCR) cross-linking; however, this was partially rescued by interleukin-4 (IL-4). These findings suggest that PU.1 is not essential for the development of functional B lymphocytes beyond the pre-B stage. (Blood. 2005;106:2083-2090)
Gain of von Willebrand factor–binding function by mutagenesis of a species-conserved residue within the leucine-rich repeat region of platelet glycoprotein Ibα
Authors: Peng Yuandong , Shrimpton Corie N. , Dong Jing-fei , López José A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGlycoprotein (GP) Ibα, a member of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein family, mediates platelet adhesion to immobilized von Willebrand factor (VWF). We investigated the role in VWF binding of charged residues in the LRR region of GP Ibα that are conserved in human, canine, and murine proteins. Substitution of His86 with either Ala or Glu resulted in a gain of VWF-binding function as judged by increased VWF binding in the presence of the modulators ristocetin and botrocetin and by enhanced adhesion of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the mutant GP Ibα to immobilized VWF under conditions of flow. This is the first report of a gain-of-function phenotype resulting from mutations in the LRR region of GP Ibα. Because His86 is 2 nm away from the region of GP Ibα with the largest surface of contact with VWF, the data suggest that the LRRs regulate GP Ibα affinity for VWF allosterically.
Activation of the SPHK/S1P signalling pathway is coupled to muscarinic receptor-dependent regulation of peripheral airways
Authors: Pfaff Melanie , Powaga Norbert , Akinci Sibel , Schütz Werner , Banno Yoshiko , Wiegand Silke , Kummer Wolfgang , Wess Jürgen , Haberberger Rainer Viktor 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
In peripheral airways, acetylcholine induces contraction via activation of muscarinic M2-and M3-receptor subtypes (M2R and M3R). Cholinergic hypersensitivity is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and therefore the identification of muscarinic signaling pathways are of great therapeutic interest. A pathway that has been shown to be activated via MR and to increase [Ca2+]i includes the activation of sphingosine kinases (SPHK) and the generation of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Whether the SPHK/S1P signaling pathway is integrated in the muscarinic control of peripheral airways is not known.

Methods
To address this issue, we studied precision cut lung slices derived from FVB and M2R-KO and M3R-KO mice.

Results
In peripheral airways of FVB, wild-type, and MR-deficient mice, SPHK1 was mainly localized to smooth muscle. Muscarine induced a constriction in all investigated mouse strains which was reduced by inhibition of SPHK using D, L-threo-dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and N, N-dimethyl-sphingosine (DMS) but not by N-acetylsphingosine (N-AcS), a structurally related agent that does not affect SPHK function. The initial phase of constriction was nearly absent in peripheral airways of M3R-KO mice when SPHK was inhibited by DHS and DMS but was unaffected in M2R-KO mice. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the disruption of the M2R and M3R genes had no significant effect on the expression levels of the SPHK1-isoform in peripheral airways.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that the SPHK/S1P signaling pathway contributes to cholinergic constriction of murine peripheral airways. In addition, our data strongly suggest that SPHK is activated via the M2R. Given the important role of muscarinic mechanisms in pulmonary disease, these findings should be of considerable therapeutic relevance.
Bcipep: A database of B-cell epitopes
Authors: Saha Sudipto , Bhasin Manoj , Raghava Gajendra PS 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
Bcipep is a database of experimentally determined linear B-cell epitopes of varying immunogenicity collected from literature and other publicly available databases.

Results
The current version of Bcipep database contains 3031 entries that include 763 immunodominant, 1797 immunogenic and 471 null-immunogenic epitopes. It covers a wide range of pathogenic organisms like viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. The database provides a set of tools for the analysis and extraction of data that includes keyword search, peptide mapping and BLAST search. It also provides hyperlinks to various databases such as GenBank, PDB, SWISS-PROT and MHCBN.

Conclusion
A comprehensive database of B-cell epitopes called Bcipep has been developed that covers information on epitopes from a wide range of pathogens. The Bcipep will be source of information for investigators involved in peptide-based vaccine design, disease diagnosis and research in allergy. It should also be a promising data source for the development and evaluation of methods for prediction of B-cell epitopes. The database is available at http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/bcipep.
Large-scale genomic correlations in Arabidopsis thaliana relate to chromosomal structure
Authors: Kendal Wayne S , Suomela Brian P 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe chromosomes of the plantArabidopsis thalianacontain various genomic elements, distributed with appreciable spatial heterogeneity. Clustering of and/or correlations between these elements presumably should reflect underlying functional or structural factors. We studied the positional density fluctuations and correlations between genes, indels, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), retrotransposons, 180 bp tandem repeats, and conserved centromeric sequences (CCSs) inArabidopsisin order to elucidate any patterns and possible responsible factors for their genomic distributions.ResultsThe spatial distributions of all these elements obeyed a common pattern: the density profiles of each element within chromosomes exhibited low-frequency fluctuations indicative of regional clustering, and the individual density profiles tended to correlate with each other at large measurement scales. This pattern could be attributed to the influence of major chromosomal structures, such as centromeres. At smaller scales the correlations tended to weaken – evidence that localizedcis-interactions between the different elements had a comparatively minor, if any, influence on their placement.ConclusionThe conventional notion that retrotransposon insertion sites are strongly influenced bycis-interactions was not supported by these observations. Moreover, we would propose that large-scale chromosomal structure has a dominant influence on the intrachromosomal distributions of genomic elements, and provides for an additional shared hierarchy of genomic organization withinArabidopsis.
CpG-island fragments from the HNRPA2B1/CBX3genomic locus reduce silencing and enhance transgene expression from the hCMV promoter/enhancer in mammalian cells
Authors: Williams Steven , Mustoe Tracey , Mulcahy Tony , Griffiths Mark , Simpson David , Antoniou Michael , Irvine Alistair , Mountain Andrew , Crombie Robert 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
The hCMV promoter is very commonly used for high level expression of transgenes in mammalian cells, but its utility is hindered by transcriptional silencing. Large genomic fragments incorporating the CpG island region of the HNRPA2B1 locus are resistant to transcriptional silencing.

Results
In this report we describe studies on the use of a novel series of vectors combining the HNRPA2B1 CpG island with the hCMV promoter for expression of transgenes in CHO-K1 cells. We show that the CpG island gives at least twenty-fold increases in the levels of EGFP and EPO observed in pools of transfectants, and that transgene expression levels remain high in such pools for more than 100 generations. These novel vectors also allow facile isolation of clonal CHO-K1 cell lines showing stable, high-level transgene expression.

Conclusion
Vectors incorporating the hnRPA2B1 CpG island give major benefits in transgene expression from the hCMV promoter, including substantial improvements in the level and stability of expression. The utility of these vectors for the improved production of recombinant proteins in CHO cells has been demonstrated.