bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of high levels of vitamin E on semen parameters of cocks
Authors: Danikowski S. , Sallmann H.‐P. , Halle I. , Flachowsky G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis study was an attempt to find whether the reproductive performance of cocks would be influenced by oral administration of different amounts of dietary vitamin E over a long period of time. For that purpose 60 cocks were divided into five dietary groups of 12 animals each, and supplemented with 0 (control group), 100, 1000, 10 000 or 20 000 IU α‐tocopherol/kg diet, respectively, over a period of 12 months. The effect on semen parameters and biochemical parameters measured in pooled semen samples and the weight of the testes were determined. The weight of testes decreased with increasing amounts of supplemented vitamin E. Volume, pH, colour, consistency and motility were not influenced by the diets, but density of ejaculate (sperm/μl), total amount of spermatozoa and morphology of sperm were significantly lowered by increasing amounts of supplemented vitamin E. The α‐tocopherol concentration in ejaculates increased significantly in relation to the diet whereas phospholipid content and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) of the semen samples decreased significantly with increasing vitamin E supplementation. The reproductive performance of cocks was negatively influenced by high doses of vitamin E although decreased TBARS indicated rising oxidative defence.
Interaction Between Root and Leaf Disease Development in Barley Cultivars after Inoculation with Different Isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana
Authors: Almgren I. , Gustafsson M. , F A. ‐S. , ält . , Lindgren H. , Liljeroth E. 
Published: March 2003

The relationship between root and leaf infection in 11 cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare) by different isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana was investigated in young plants. Roots of 10‐day‐old seedlings, grown in filterpaper rolls, and the third leaf of 17‐day‐old seedlings were inoculated with the different isolates and a Disease Development Index (DDI) was calculated.The rate of lesion development in leaves was higher than in roots, indicated by generally higher DDI after leaf inoculation than after root inoculation. Significant differences in resistance were found among the barley cultivars. Inoculation with different isolates of B. sorokiniana caused significant differences in DDI for both roots and leaves. In the leaves, but not in the roots, a significant cultivar–isolate interaction was found. No significant correlations, neither in isolate aggressiveness nor in cultivar reaction between root and leaf, were observed.
Seasonal Colonization Pattern of European Stone Fruit Yellows Phytoplasmas in Different Prunus Species Detected by Specific PCR
Authors: Jarausch W. , Lansac M. , Dosba F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe seasonal variation in the colonization of two Japanese plum trees by European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) phytoplasmas was followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection for 2 years. Samples were obtained monthly from nine above‐ground sampling sites and one root. The colonization of the trees was systemic from July until leaf fall. The ESFY phytoplasmas were also detected in off‐season grown leaves during winter until March. In contrast, almost no phytoplasmas could be detected in normally grown leaves in April and May. Similar results have been obtained for European plum cultivars using 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining and PCR and for apricot cultivars tested by PCR. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is discussed. The root system of the corresponding Prunus marianna GF 8–1 rootstocks remained infected throughout the year and the phytoplasmas were equally distributed within the roots as determined when the trees were uprooted. In vitro culture was used to demonstrate that ESFY phytoplasmas detected by PCR in winter in aerial parts of the tree were viable. Nine ESFY‐diseased shoot cultures were obtained at four different time points during winter. Sampling protocols for ESFY phytoplasma detection by PCR in routine diagnosis are discussed.
A Simple and Fast Extraction Procedure to Obtain Amplifyable DNA from Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) Solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus Inoculated Potato Tuber Extracts and Naturally Infected Tubers to Conduct a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Niepold F. 
Published: March 2003

A modified NaOH alkaline boiling procedure using a mixture of lysozyme and proteases combined with minimized TRIS/HCl/BSA buffer volume was applied to extract amplifyable DNA from the two quarantine bacteria Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus artificially added to potato tuber extracts of a low and a high starch potato variety. A PCR detection threshold of 104−105 colony forming units per ml extract of each quarantine bacterium was obtained by using the two potato varieties, the high starch potato variety resulting in a lower detection threshold.Similar sensitivities could be obtained from potato tubers naturally infected with both quarantine bacteria. When comparing a published DNA extraction procedure suitable for Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus with the alkaline extraction the latter is much faster and simpler with similar detection thresholds and representing an inexpensive method to obtain suitable template DNA for routine PCR tests.
Seasonal Variations in Detection and Transmission of Pear Decline Phytoplasma
Authors: Errea P. , Aguelo V. , Hormaza J. I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe seasonal variation in the detection of the pear decline phytoplasma was followed in diseased pear trees pertaining to the cultivars ‘Limonera’, ‘Magallón’ and ‘Monsallard’. Wood and/or leaf samples were obtained every two weeks at five different above‐ground levels and analyzed using nested‐PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). The results revealed that it was possible to detect the pathogen during the dormant season in the aerial parts of the diseased trees examined under the environmental conditions used in this study. Moreover, graft transmission experiments showed that the phytoplasmas can be propagated through grafting with phytoplasma‐infected dormant buds collected in winter. The results are discussed in terms of their implication for pear cultivation and propagation.
Red‐Light‐Induced Resistance in Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) to Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria tenuissima
Authors: Rahman M. Z. , Honda Y. , Arase S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of different light wavelengths on the development of lesions induced by Alternaria tenuissima in broad bean leaves was investigated. Lesion development was completely suppressed in red‐light‐irradiated broad bean leaflets, irrespective of isolate or spore concentration. Pre‐treatment of leaflets with red light for 24 h before inoculation also suppressed lesion development. Alternaria tenuissima failed to produce infection hyphae in red‐light‐irradiated broad bean leaflets. These results indicate that disease suppression in broad bean leaflets is due to light‐induced resistance. Spore germination fluid (SGF) of A. tenuissima allowed non‐pathogenic Alternaria alternata to infect wounded and unwounded broad bean leaflets kept in the dark, results suggesting that SGF induced susceptibility. Red light suppressed susceptibility induced by A. tenuissima SGF; thus, lesion formation and development were suppressed when leaflets inoculated with the spores of A. alternata suspended in A. tenuissima SGF were kept under red light. From these results, we conclude that red light induced resistance in broad bean to leaf spot disease caused by A. tenuissima, and that SGF induced susceptibility of broad bean leaflets to a non‐pathogenic isolate of A. alternata.
Comparative Biokinematic Study of Young and Adult Andalusian Horses at the Trot
Authors: Cano M. R. , Miró F. , Vivo J. , Galisteo A. M. 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine basic kinematic parameters (linear, temporal and angular) in young and adult Andalusian horses (P.R.E.) at the trot, using a normal computer‐aided videography system. The trotting gaits of 16 horses were analysed: seven young horses (3.7 ± 0.2 years old, height at withers 167.1 ± 4.1 cm) and nine adult stallions (12.3 ± 2.9 years old, height at withers 162.9 ± 3.6 cm) were recorded at least 6 times at the trot using a 25‐Hz video‐camera filming from the side. Video images were processed with a real‐time digital system (SMVD®).Speeds averaged 3.84 and 3.75 m/s for young and adult horses, respectively. Differences between age groups for speed and linear and temporal parameters of the stride were not significant. However, variations in angular parameters were detected: adults showed a greater ARM than younger horses for most forelimb joints. In the hind limb, hip, stifle, and, to a lesser degree, the tarsal joint, a smaller degree of extension during the stance phase was observed in adult horses.
Effect of Lead Exposure on the Erythrocytic Antioxidant Levels in Goats
Authors: Mousa H. M. , Al‐Qarawi A. A. , Ali B. H. , Abdel Rahman H. A. , ElMougy S. A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary Fifteen adult female goats were orally exposed to 5.46 mg lead (as lead acetate) per kg body weight daily for 2 weeks to study the antioxidant enzymes of the erythrocyte, lipid peroxide level, total thiol groups and total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma. Ten goats served as unexposed control. Blood samples were collected before exposure (day 0) and on days 7 and 14. Ten per cent erythrocyte haemolysate was prepared and analysed for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total thiol groups and lipid peroxide. TAS was determined in plasma. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase of erythrocytic GPx, SOD, CAT, total thiol groups and TAS on day 7 which was followed by a significant (P < 0.05) decrease of all these parameters on day 14. Lipid peroxide level increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the maximum level was attained by day 14. The results obtained indicate a possible role of free radicals in lead poisoning pathogenicity.
Idiopathic Systemic Granulomatous Disease with Encephalitis in a Horse
Authors: Peters M. , Graf G. , Pohlenz J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA 14‐year‐old standardbred mare with clinically suspected acute bronchitis was killed because of rapidly progressing central nervous disturbances. Necropsy revealed systemic granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis involving the lungs, thoracic lymph nodes, ribs, and liver. In the cerebrum there was a severe subacute bilateral encephalitis and malacia predominately affecting the white matter, and vasculitis with perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and giant cells. A causative infectious agent could not be detected by Ziehl‐Neelsen, Grocott, or Giemsa stains, by periodic acid–Schiff reaction of tissue sections, nor by bacterial and fungal cultures. Therefore, idiopathic systemic granulomatous disease (ISGD) was diagnosed and an immune‐mediated pathogenesis was suspected. Inflammatory involvement of the brain has hitherto not been reported in cases of equine ISGD. This case seems to be an uncommon variant of ISGD with encephalitis and lack of dermal involvement.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Lymph Nodes of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) by a Target‐Amplified Test System
Authors: Bollo E. , Ferroglio E. , Dini V. , Mignone W. , Biollatti B. , Rossi L. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA detailed macroscopic and histological description is given of tuberculous‐like lesions in mandibular lymph nodes obtained from wild boar (Sus scrofa) collected in Italy during the 1995/1996 hunting season, as well as a correlation with results obtained from a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex target amplified test system. According to macroscopic appearance, lesions were largely represented by caseous‐necrotic‐calcified granulomata (n=272/285; 95.4%), while histological investigations showed mainly necrotic‐calcified (n=82/218; 37.6%) and fibronecrotic‐calcified (n=81/218; 37.2%) lesions. When tested with a target rRNA amplification/hybridization technique to detect M. tuberculosis complex, 112 (43.6%) samples out of 275 tested gave positive results.
Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukaemia Virus may not only Develop Persistent B‐cell Lymphocytosis but also Persistent B‐cell Lymphopenia
Authors: BEYER J. , KÖLLNER B. , TEIFKE J. P. , STARICK E. , BEIER D. , REIMANN I. , GRUNWALD U. , ZILLER M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe investigated the distribution of B and T cells in the peripheral blood of haematologically inconspicuous (non‐persistent lymphocytotic, PL−) cattle infected with the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). Flow cytometric data were obtained from six PL− cattle and compared with six age‐matched animals with persistent lymphocytosis (PL+) and five non‐infected healthy controls (BLV−). In the PL− group, the percentage and number of surface immunoglobulin‐positive (sIg+) B cells were significantly reduced. Whereas in BLV− cattle, about 40% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were sIg+ and 24% were sIgM+ B cells. In the PL− group, less than 20% of the PBL were sIg+ and sIgM+ B cells. Only 5% of the PBL co‐expressed sIgM+ and CD5+ versus 16% in BLV−. This decrease was persistent over 3 years and predominantly affected: (i) B cells that did not express sIgM; (ii) sIgM+ B cells co‐expressing CD5 and CD11b; and (iii) equally both λ‐ and κ‐type light chain B‐cell subpopulations. In contrast, the number of all circulating lymphocytes, CD5− and CD11b− sIgM+ B cells and CD2+ T cells did not differ. In PL+ animals, about 75% of the PBL were sIgM+CD5+ B cells. These cells were of polyclonal origin, as light chains of the λ‐ and κ‐type were expressed in a ratio of 4:1 (57.7% of PBL λ+, 14% κ+) as in BLV− animals (33.6% of PBL λ+, 8.7% κ+). In PL+ cattle the absolute number of B‐cells and, therefore, their relative percentage is significantly increased. For this reason, even in case of absolutely increased T‐cell numbers, the relative percentage of T‐cells could be lower than in normal controls. The cause for the observed B cell decrease in PL− cattle is unknown, but it can be assumed that cytotoxic T cells are involved in this B‐cell lymphopenia.
Development of PCR Assay for Differentiation of Some Important Wild Animal Meat of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapaksha W. R. A. K. J. S. , Thilakaratne I. D. S. I. P. , Chandrasiri A. D. N. , Niroshan T. D. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to differentiate meat of Ceylon spotted deer (Axis axis ceylonensis), Ceylon hog deer (A. porcius oryzus), Ceylon sambhur (Cervus unicolor unicolor) and barking deer (Muntiacus muntijak malabaricus) from meat of cattle, goat, buffalo, pig, dog and sheep. A set of primers was designed according to the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of C. elaphus canadensis and by PCR amplification about 450 bp band was observed for all four animal species and these primers were not cross reacted with DNA of other animal species tested in the study under the tested reaction conditions. A band of 649 bp size was observed for all animal species when DNA was amplified with the universal primers and that indicated the presence of mitochondrial DNA in the samples. Further, the results indicated that this technique was sensitive enough to differentiate rotten meat, at least 5 days after the killing of an animal. Under these PCR conditions, the DNA of bacteria, which is involved in decomposition of meat, was not amplified with both universal and specific primers. However, the method was not sensitive enough in differentiating cooked meat of these species. Slaughtering of these four wild animal species is banned, but the animals are being killed illegally. Lack of meat identification methods has been identified as one of the major constraints to implement legal procedures and conserve biodiversity in the country.
Fox Encephalitozoonosis: Isolation of the Agent from an Outbreak in Farmed Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus) in Finland and Some Hitherto Unreported Pathologic Lesions
Authors: Åkerstedt J. , Nordstoga K. , Mathis A. , Smeds E. , Deplazes P. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe farmed blue fox (Alopex lagopus) is particularly susceptible to congenital infections of the microsporidian species Encephalitozoon cuniculi. This report is based on an outbreak of the disease in Finland with high mortality. Five pups (four males and one female) with prolonged disease were examined. The pups had moderate pathological alterations in the kidneys and mild lesions were found in the brains, hearts, salivary and prostatic glands. Diagnosis of E. cuniculi infection was made from serological tests (ELISA, CIA, IFAT), and by in vitro isolation of the parasite from the brain of all five pups investigated. The identity was confirmed by molecular means as E. cuniculi strain II (‘mouse strain’). Novel histopathological lesions not described as yet in fox encephalitozoonosis are presented. These include cerebral infarction and necrotizing inflammation of the renal pelvis. The sources and mechanisms of spreading of E. cuniculi to blue foxes are discussed.
Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 Isolates from the Spinal Cord of Parrots Display a Very Low Virulence
Authors: Grund C. H. , Werner O. , Gelderblom H. R. , Grimm F. , Kösters J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe spinal cord of 32 psittacines suffering from proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) was investigated. In six cases, a virus was isolated which upon electron microscopic examination revealed morphological details typical of members of theParamyxoviridae. All isolates were subsequently characterized as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV‐1) by type‐specific polyclonal antisera. According to their reactivity with APMV‐1 specific monoclonal antibodies, the six isolates shared epitopes within the haemagglutinin‐neuraminidase spike protein, distinct from pigeon‐type paramyxoviruses and the LaSota vaccine strain. This grouping was further corroborated by properties of the haemagglutinin: all isolates showed a very thermosensitive haemagglutination activity and were rapid eluters. Virulence of the APMV‐1 isolates in 1‐day‐old specific pathogen free (spf) chicken was very low, with intracerebral pathogenicity indices between 0 and 0.1. In embryonated spf chicken eggs, psittacine isolates replicated to high titres (108.6–1010.7EID50/ml). However, they exhibited a reduced lethality over an observation time of 7 days (106.1–108.3 ELD50/ml). In a haemagglutination inhibition test with parrot sera from birds with no history of APMV‐1 vaccination, sera reacted preferentially with two isolates compared with APMV‐1 vaccine strains LaSota and B1. The other four isolates exhibited a differentiated reaction pattern with the parrot sera, indicating an antigenic inhomogeneity. This is the first report of isolating very low virulent APMV‐1 from neuronal tissue of parrots and implications for a possible role in slow progressing disease will be discussed.
Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida
Authors: Ota Claudia , Unterkircher Carmelinda , Fantinato Vera , Shimizu M. T. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from the buds or other parts of plants. It is known for its biological properties, having antibacterial, antifungal and healing properties. The antifungal activity of propolis was studied in sensitivity tests on 80 strains of Candida yeasts: 20 strains of Candida albicans, 20 strains of Candida tropicalis, 20 strains of Candida krusei and 15 strains of Candida guilliermondii. The yeasts showed a clear antifungal activity with the following order of sensitivity: C. albicans>C. tropicalis>C. krusei>C. guilliermondii. Patients with full dentures who used a hydroalcoholic propolis extract showed a decrease in the number of Candida.Antimyzetische Aktivität von Propolis gegen verschiedene Candida‐ArtenZusammenfassung.  Propolis ist ein harziges Material, das von Bienen aus Knospen oder anderen Pflanzenteilen gesammelt wird. Es ist durch seine biologischen Eigenschaften bekannt: antibakteriell, pilzhemmend, heilend. Die pilzhemmende Wirkung von Propolis wurde in Sensibilitätstests an 80 Candida‐Stämmen untersucht: 20 Stämme von C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei und 15 von C. guilliermondii. Es zeigte sich folgende Reihe abnehmender Empfindlichkeit der Hefen für Propolis: C. albicans > C. tropicalis >C. krusei >C. guilliermondii. Zahnprothesen‐Träger, die Propolis‐Extrakt benutzten, zeigten eine Abnahme der Candida‐Kolonisation.
Heritability of, and genetic correlations among, forage and seed yield traits in Ladino white clover
Authors: Annicchiarico P. , Piano E. , Rhodes I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSixteen white clover genotypes and their half‐sib progenies were grown in pure stand. Each clover progeny was also grown in a mixed stand that also included three grass varieties of different species. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured over 2 years and seed yield at the second year. Competitive ability of clover families was defined as the ratio between mixed stand and pure stand for clover DM yield. Narrow‐sense heritability from parent‐offspring regression of pure stand data was high to moderate (h20.50) for DM yield, seed yield and most of their components. Persistence as predicted by stolon density showed negative genetic correlations with seed yield (rg= ‐0.70) and DM yield (r2= ‐0.60), whereas seed yield and DM yield tended towards a negative correlation (r2=0.45). Sizes of different vegetative or reproductive organs were generally correlated positively. Evidence was provided that the set of parent genotypes represents well the genetic variation available within the Ladino gene pool. The results highlighted the difficulty of combining relatively short‐term DM yield, persistence and seed yield into a unique plant type. Differences in competitive ability emerged only in the second year, better ability being related mainly to petiole length among the traits assessed in pure stand.
Development of SCAR markers linked to the Pm21 gene conferring resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat
Authors: Liu Z , Sun Q. , Ni Z. , Yang T. , McIntosh R. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPowdery mildew is an important disease in most of the wheat production areas of the world. The resistance gene Pm21 (6AL/6VS trans‐location) derived from Haynaldia villosa confers resistance to all available isolates of Erysiphe (Blumeria) graminis f. sp. tritici in China and Europe. The objective of this study was to develop fast and reliable sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers linked to the Pm21 gene. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker for Pm21, OPH171400, was converted to SCAR markers after sequencing the two ends of the polymorphic DNA fragment. Two SCAR markers, SCAR1265 and SCAR1400, were developed to detect the Pm21 gene in different genetic backgrounds. The specific SCAR1265 marker enable large‐scale accurate screening for the presence/absence of Pm21 allele.
Temperature‐dependent resistance to crown rust infection in perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne
Authors: Roderick H. W. , Thorogood D. , Adomako B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDifferences were found in the expression of resistance of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, cultivars to crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda, when plants were incubated at either 10°C or 25°C. In an extreme example, all the genotypes of ‘Carrick’ were resistant at 10°C but susceptible at 25°C. The variation between cultivars was due both to a general increase in expression of susceptibility and the proportion of plants which became susceptible. A BC1 line containing a stay‐green gene derived from Festuca pratensis was insensitive to temperature, while a sister line was sensitive.