bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Demand‐Driven Scarce Water Use Amplified by Pollution in China
Authors: Liang Yuhan , Li Hui , Liang Sai , Yeboah Frederick Kwame , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFood system has significant impacts on water scarcity, which in turn becomes a bottleneck for food security and socioeconomic development. Existing research has primarily concentrated on the relationship between food consumption and quantity‐based scarce water use but has overlooked quality‐based scarce water use. Here, we constructed an aggregative scarce water use indicator, considering water quantity and water quality simultaneously. The food demand‐driven aggregative scarce water use of Chinese provinces in 2017 was investigated based on a scarce‐water extended multiregional input‐output model. The results demonstrated that food demand‐driven scarce water use is amplified eight (8) times by water quality degradation. Henan, Shanxi, and Tianjin were found to be the primary contributors to the food demand‐driven aggregative use of scarce water. Moreover, the study reveals food demand‐driven virtual aggregative scarce water flows among regions and sectors. Production‐side measures on reducing water scarcity include the improvements of water use efficiency and wastewater treatment capacity in exporters of net virtual aggregative scarce water (e.g., Hebei and Henan). Furthermore, demand‐side measures are equally important, including food demand optimization in importers of net virtual aggregative scarce water (e.g., Zhejiang and Beijing). In addition, interregional cooperation (e.g., transferring advanced water conservation and contaminant mitigation technologies from developed regions to regions with high aggregative water scarcity) in China is critical for promoting the sustainable management of food and water resources. The study's findings provide significant insights for policymakers at the regional and interregional levels to develop coordinated water resource and environment management strategies in China.
Ozone Anomalies in Dry Intrusions Associated With Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Hall Kirsten R. , Wang Huiqun , Souri Amir H. , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs a result of their important role in weather and the global hydrological cycle, understanding atmospheric rivers' (ARs) connection to synoptic‐scale climate patterns and atmospheric dynamics has become increasingly important. In addition to case studies of two extreme AR events, we produce a December climatology of the three‐dimensional structure of water vapor and O3 (ozone) distributions associated with ARs in the northeastern Pacific from 2004 to 2014 using MERRA‐2 reanalysis products. Results show that positive O3 anomalies reside in dry intrusions of stratospheric air due to stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) behind the intense water vapor transport of the AR. In composites, we find increased excesses of O3 concentration, as well as in the total O3 flux within the dry intrusions, with increased AR strength. We find that STT O3 flux associated with ARs over the NE Pacific accounts for up to 13% of total Northern Hemisphere STT O3 flux in December, and extrapolation indicates that AR‐associated dry intrusions may account for as much as 32% of total NH STT O3 flux. This study quantifies STT of O3 in connection with ARs for the first time and improves estimates of tropospheric ozone concentration due to STT in the identification of this correlation. In light of predictions that ARs will become more intense and/or frequent with climate change, quantifying AR‐related STT O3 flux is especially valuable for future radiative forcing calculations.
Combined Neutron and X‐Ray Tomography—A Versatile and Non‐Destructive Tool in Planetary Geosciences
Authors: Martell J. , Alwmark C. , Woracek R. , Alwmark S. , Hall S. , Ferrière L. , Daly L. , Koch C. Bender , Hektor J. , Johansson S. , Helfen L. , Tengattini A. , Mannes D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith several upcoming sample return missions, such as the Mars Sample Return Campaign, non‐destructive methods will be key to maximizing their scientific output. In this study, we demonstrate that the combination of neutron and X‐ray tomography provides an important tool for the characterization of such valuable samples. These methods allow quantitative analyses of internal sample features and also provide a guide for further destructive analyses with little to no sample treatment, which maintains sample integrity, including minimizing the risk of potential contamination. Here, we present and review the results from four case studies of terrestrial impactites and meteorites along with their analytical setup. Using combined X‐ray and neutron tomography, a Ni‐Fe silicide spherule, that is, projectile material, was located within a Libyan Desert Glass sample and the distribution of hydrous phases was pinpointed in selected impactite samples from the Chicxulub IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364 drill core and the Luizi impact structure, as well as in the Miller Range 03346 Martian meteorite.
Stream Network Dynamics of Non‐Perennial Rivers: Insights From Integrated Surface‐Subsurface Hydrological Modeling of Two Virtual Catchments
Authors: Zanetti F. , Botter G. , Camporese M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the spatio‐temporal dynamics of runoff generation in headwater catchments is challenging, due to the intermittent and fragmented nature of surface flows. The active stream network in non‐perennial rivers contracts and expands, with a dynamic behavior that depends on the complex interplay among climate, topography, and geology. In this work, CATchment HYdrology, an integrated surface–subsurface hydrological model (ISSHM), is used to simulate the stream network dynamics of two virtual catchments with the same, spatially homogeneous, subsurface characteristics (hydraulic conductivity, porosity, water retention curves) but different morphology. We run two sets of simulations to reproduce a sequence of steady‐states at different catchment wetness levels and transient conditions and analyze the joint variations of the stream length (L) and discharge at the outlet (Q) with high spatio‐temporal resolutions. The shape of the L(Q) curves differs in the two catchments but does not depend on the climate forcing, as it is mainly controlled by the underlying topography. We then analyzed the suitability of the topographic wetness index and the contributing area to identify the spatial configuration of the maximum stream length in the two catchments. These two morphometric parameters provided a good estimate of the spatial distribution of the maximum flowing network in both the study catchments. Our numerical simulations indicate that ISSHMs have the potential to accurately describe the spatio‐temporal variations of the stream networks and the processes driving such dynamic behavior and that, overall, they can be useful tools to gain insights into the main physical drivers of non‐perennial streams.
New rabies viral resources for multi-scale neural circuit mapping
Authors: Bouin Alexis , Wu Ginny , Koyuncu Orkide O. , Ye Qiao , Kim Keun-Young , Wu Michele Y. , Tong Liqi , Chen Lujia , Phan Sebastien , Mackey Mason R. , Ramachandra Ranjan , Ellisman Mark H. , Holmes Todd C. , Semler Bert L. , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComparisons and linkage between multiple imaging scales are essential for neural circuit connectomics. Here, we report 20 new recombinant rabies virus (RV) vectors that we have developed for multi-scale and multi-modal neural circuit mapping tools. Our new RV tools for mesoscale imaging express a range of improved fluorescent proteins. Further refinements target specific neuronal subcellular locations of interest. We demonstrate the discovery power of these new tools including the detection of detailed microstructural changes of rabies-labeled neurons in aging and Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, live imaging of neuronal activities using calcium indicators, and automated measurement of infected neurons. RVs that encode GFP and ferritin as electron microscopy (EM) and fluorescence microscopy reporters are used for dual EM and mesoscale imaging. These new viral variants significantly expand the scale and power of rabies virus-mediated neural labeling and circuit mapping across multiple imaging scales in health and disease.
Proteome-Wide Identification of RNA-dependent proteins and an emerging role for RNAs in Plasmodium falciparum protein complexes
Authors: Hollin Thomas , Abel Steven , Banks Charles , Hristov Borislav , Prudhomme Jacques , Hales Kianna , Florens Laurence , Stafford Noble William , Le Roch Karine G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRibonucleoprotein complexes are composed of RNA, RNA-dependent proteins (RDPs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and play fundamental roles in RNA regulation. However, in the human malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum, identification and characterization of these proteins are particularly limited. In this study, we use an unbiased proteome-wide approach, called R-DeeP, a method based on sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, to identify RDPs. Quantitative analysis by mass spectrometry identifies 898 RDPs, including 545 proteins not yet associated with RNA. Results are further validated using a combination of computational and molecular approaches. Overall, this method provides the first snapshot of thePlasmodiumprotein-protein interaction network in the presence and absence of RNA. R-DeeP also helps to reconstructPlasmodiummultiprotein complexes based on co-segregation and deciphers their RNA-dependence. One RDP candidate, PF3D7_0823200, is functionally characterized and validated as a true RBP. Using enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (eCLIP-seq), we demonstrate that this protein interacts with variousPlasmodiumnon-coding transcripts, including thevargenes andap2transcription factors.
Performance metrics to unleash the power of self-driving labs in chemistry and materials science
Authors: Volk Amanda A. , Abolhasani Milad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the rise of self-driving labs (SDLs) and automated experimentation across chemical and materials sciences, there is a considerable challenge in designing the best autonomous lab for a given problem based on published studies alone. Determining what digital and physical features are germane to a specific study is a critical aspect of SDL design that needs to be approached quantitatively. Even when controlling for features such as dimensionality, every experimental space has unique requirements and challenges that influence the design of the optimal physical platform and algorithm. Metrics such as optimization rate are therefore not necessarily indicative of the capabilities of an SDL across different studies. In this perspective, we highlight some of the critical metrics for quantifying performance in SDLs to better guide researchers in implementing the most suitable strategies. We then provide a brief review of the existing literature under the lens of quantified performance as well as heuristic recommendations for platform and experimental space pairings.
Gene-expression-based T-Cell-to-Stroma Enrichment (TSE) score predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial cancer
Authors: Rijnders Maud , Nakauma-González J. Alberto , Robbrecht Debbie G. J. , Gil-Jimenez Alberto , Balcioglu Hayri E. , Oostvogels Astrid A. M. , Aarts Maureen J. B. , Boormans Joost L. , Hamberg Paul , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Szabados Bernadett E. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. , Mehra Niven , Voortman Jens , Westgeest Hans M. , de Wit Ronald , van der Veldt Astrid A. M. , Debets Reno , Lolkema Martijn P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve overall survival in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), but therapeutic success at the individual patient level varies significantly. Here we identify predictive markers of response, based on whole-genome DNA (n = 70) and RNA-sequencing (n = 41) of fresh metastatic biopsy samples, collected prior to treatment with pembrolizumab. We find that PD-L1 combined positivity score does not, whereas tumor mutational burden and APOBEC mutagenesis modestly predict response. In contrast, T cell-to-stroma enrichment (TSE) score, computed from gene expression signature data to capture the relative abundance of T cells and stromal cells, predicts response to immunotherapy with high accuracy. Patients with a positive and negative TSE score show progression free survival rates at 6 months of 67 and 0%, respectively. The abundance of T cells and stromal cells, as reflected by the TSE score is confirmed by immunofluorescence in tumor tissue, and its good performance in two independent ICI-treated cohorts of patients with mUC (IMvigor210) and muscle-invasive UC (ABACUS) validate the predictive power of the TSE score. In conclusion, the TSE score represents a clinically applicable metric that potentially supports the prospective selection of patients with mUC for ICI treatment.
Intrinsic dichroism in amorphous and crystalline solids with helical light
Authors: Jain Ashish , Bégin Jean-Luc , Corkum Paul , Karimi Ebrahim , Brabec Thomas , Bhardwaj Ravi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmorphous solids do not exhibit long-range order due to the disordered arrangement of atoms. They lack translational and rotational symmetry on a macroscopic scale and are therefore isotropic. As a result, differential absorption of polarized light, called dichroism, is not known to exist in amorphous solids. Using helical light beams that carry orbital angular momentum as a probe, we demonstrate that dichroism is intrinsic to both amorphous and crystalline solids. We show that in the nonlinear regime, helical dichroism is responsive to the short-range order and its origin is explained in terms of interband multiphoton assisted tunneling. We also demonstrate that the helical dichroism signal is sensitive to chirality and its strength can be controlled and tuned using a superposition of OAM and Gaussian beams. Our research challenges the conventional knowledge that dichroism does not exist in amorphous solids and enables to manipulate the optical properties of solids.
Giant electric field-induced second harmonic generation in polar skyrmions
Authors: Wang Sixu , Li Wei , Deng Chenguang , Hong Zijian , Gao Han-Bin , Li Xiaolong , Gu Yueliang , Zheng Qiang , Wu Yongjun , Evans Paul G. , Li Jing-Feng , Nan Ce-Wen , Li Qian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectric field-induced second harmonic generation allows electrically controlling nonlinear light-matter interactions crucial for emerging integrated photonics applications. Despite its wide presence in materials, the figures-of-merit of electric field-induced second harmonic generation are yet to be elevated to enable novel device functionalities. Here, we show that the polar skyrmions, a topological phase spontaneously formed in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 ferroelectric superlattices, exhibit a high comprehensive electric field-induced second harmonic generation performance. The second-order nonlinear susceptibility and modulation depth, measured under non-resonant 800 nm excitation, reach ~54.2 pm V−1 and ~664% V−1, respectively, and high response bandwidth (higher than 10 MHz), wide operating temperature range (up to ~400 K) and good fatigue resistance (>1010 cycles) are also demonstrated. Through combined in-situ experiments and phase-field simulations, we establish the microscopic links between the exotic polarization configuration and field-induced transition paths of the skyrmions and their electric field-induced second harmonic generation response. Our study not only presents a highly competitive thin-film material ready for constructing on-chip devices, but opens up new avenues of utilizing topological polar structures in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.
Altermagnetic lifting of Kramers spin degeneracy
Authors: Krempaský J. , Šmejkal L. , D’Souza S. W. , Hajlaoui M. , Springholz G. , Uhlířová K. , Alarab F. , Constantinou P. C. , Strocov V. , Usanov D. , Pudelko W. R. , González-Hernández R. , Birk Hellenes A. , Jansa Z. , Reichlová H. , Šobáň Z. , Gonzalez Betancourt R. D. , Wadley P. , Sinova J. , Kriegner D. , Minár J. , Dil J. H. , Jungwirth T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLifted Kramers spin degeneracy (LKSD) has been among the central topics of condensed-matter physics since the dawn of the band theory of solids1,2. It underpins established practical applications as well as current frontier research, ranging from magnetic-memory technology3–7 to topological quantum matter8–14. Traditionally, LKSD has been considered to originate from two possible internal symmetry-breaking mechanisms. The first refers to time-reversal symmetry breaking by magnetization of ferromagnets and tends to be strong because of the non-relativistic exchange origin15. The second applies to crystals with broken inversion symmetry and tends to be comparatively weaker, as it originates from the relativistic spin–orbit coupling (SOC)16–19. A recent theory work based on spin-symmetry classification has identified an unconventional magnetic phase, dubbed altermagnetic20,21, that allows for LKSD without net magnetization and inversion-symmetry breaking. Here we provide the confirmation using photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. We identify two distinct unconventional mechanisms of LKSD generated by the altermagnetic phase of centrosymmetric MnTe with vanishing net magnetization20–23. Our observation of the altermagnetic LKSD can have broad consequences in magnetism. It motivates exploration and exploitation of the unconventional nature of this magnetic phase in an extended family of materials, ranging from insulators and semiconductors to metals and superconductors20,21, that have been either identified recently or perceived for many decades as conventional antiferromagnets21,24,25.
Carotenoid cleavage enzymes evolved convergently to generate the visual chromophore
Authors: Solano Yasmeen J. , Everett Michael P. , Dang Kelly S. , Abueg Jude , Kiser Philip D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe retinal light response in animals originates from the photoisomerization of an opsin-coupled 11-cis-retinaldehyde chromophore. This visual chromophore is enzymatically produced through the action of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases. Vertebrates require two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases, β-carotene oxygenase 1 and retinal pigment epithelium 65 (RPE65), to form 11-cis-retinaldehyde from carotenoid substrates, whereas invertebrates such as insects use a single enzyme known as Neither Inactivation Nor Afterpotential B (NinaB). RPE65 and NinaB couple trans–cis isomerization with hydrolysis and oxygenation, respectively, but the mechanistic relationship of their isomerase activities remains unknown. Here we report the structure of NinaB, revealing details of its active site architecture and mode of membrane binding. Structure-guided mutagenesis studies identify a residue cluster deep within the NinaB substrate-binding cleft that controls its isomerization activity. Our data demonstrate that isomerization activity is mediated by distinct active site regions in NinaB and RPE65—an evolutionary convergence that deepens our understanding of visual system diversity.
Water footprints and crop water use of 175 individual crops for 1990–2019 simulated with a global crop model
Authors: Mialyk Oleksandr , Schyns Joep F. , Booij Martijn J. , Su Han , Hogeboom Rick J. , Berger Markus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe water footprint of a crop (WF) is a common metric for assessing agricultural water consumption and productivity. To provide an update and methodological enhancement of existing WF datasets, we apply a global process-based crop model to quantify consumptive WFs of 175 individual crops at a 5 arcminute resolution over the 1990–2019 period. This model simulates the daily crop growth and vertical water balance considering local environmental conditions, crop characteristics, and farm management. We partition WFs into green (water from precipitation) and blue (from irrigation or capillary rise), and differentiate between rainfed and irrigated production systems. The outputs include gridded datasets and national averages for unit water footprints (expressed in m3 t−1 yr−1), water footprints of production (m3 yr−1), and crop water use (mm yr−1). We compare our estimates to other global studies covering different historical periods and methodological approaches. Provided outputs can offer insights into spatial and temporal patterns of agricultural water consumption and serve as inputs for further virtual water trade studies, life cycle and water footprint assessments.
County-scale dataset indicating the effects of disasters on crops in Taiwan from 2003 to 2022
Authors: Su Yuan-Chih , Shen Yuan , Wu Chun-Yi , Kuo Bo-Jein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA lack of crop disaster datasets has limited the exploration of the influence of small-scale disasters on crops. Because disasters are often defined on the basis of human impact, disaster databases may underestimate the effect of disasters on crop production. Additionally, the resolution of such databases is insufficient for evaluating the effects of disasters on small areas. In this study, crop disaster and daily weather datasets covering the period from 2003 to 2022 in Taiwan were developed. Total 9,245 damage records from 233 observations of crop disasters were mined from the Report on Crop Production Loss Caused by Disasters of Taiwan. Daily weather data were collected from weather stations. Entire crop disaster information including multiple disasters, crops, and affected regions was stored in crop disaster dataset. All datasets were cleaned up and refined to enhance their quality, and characteristics such as disaster and crop classification were added to enhance the applicability of these datasets. These datasets can be used to determine the relationship between disaster type and crop production losses.
Apela promotes blood vessel regeneration and remodeling in zebrafish
Authors: Nys Nicolas , Khatib Abdel-Majid , Siegfried Geraldine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn contrast to adult mammals, zebrafish display a high capacity to heal injuries and repair damage to various organs. One of the earliest responses to injury in adult zebrafish is revascularization, followed by tissue morphogenesis. Tissue vascularization entails the formation of a blood vessel plexus that remodels into arteries and veins. The mechanisms that coordinate these processes during vessel regeneration are poorly understood. Hence, investigating and identifying the factors that promote revascularization and vessel remodeling have great therapeutic potential. Here, we revealed that fin vessel remodeling critically depends on Apela peptide. We found that Apela selectively accumulated in newly formed zebrafish fin tissue and vessels. The temporal expression of Apela, Apln, and their receptor Aplnr is different during the regenerative process. While morpholino-mediated knockdown of Apela (Mo-Apela) prevented vessel remodeling, exogenous Apela peptide mediated plexus repression and the development of arteries in regenerated fins. In contrast, Apela enhanced subintestinal venous plexus formation (SIVP). The use of sunitinib completely inhibited vascular plexus formation in zebrafish, which was not prevented by exogenous application. Furthermore, Apela regulates the expression of vessel remolding-related genes including VWF, IGFPB3, ESM1, VEGFR2, Apln, and Aplnr, thereby linking Apela to the vascular plexus factor network as generated by the STRING online database. Together, our findings reveal a new role for Apela in vessel regeneration and remodeling in fin zebrafish and provide a framework for further understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in vessel regeneration.