bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesions with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes detected with the HPV DNA chip microarray method
Authors: An Hee Jung , Cho Nam Hoon , Lee Sun Young , Kim In Ho , Lee Chan , Kim Seung Jo , Mun Mi Sook , Kim Se Hyun , Jeong Jeongmi Kim 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered to play an important role in the development of cervical carcinoma, and it is known that certain HPV types, such as HPV‐16 and HPV‐18, are highly associated with cervical carcinoma. However, the pathologic behavior of other HPV types remains unclear. Recently, a new HPV detection technique, the HPV DNA chip, was introduced. The HPV DNA chip harbors 22 HPV probes and has the advantage of being able to detect 22 HPV types simultaneously. To evaluate the quality of the HPV DNA chip method and to identify HPV types related to cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesions, the authors performed HPV typing in cervical specimens from 1983 patients and compared their cytologic and histologic diagnoses.METHODSThe HPV DNA chip was used for HPV typing. Among 1983 patients who were tested for HPV types, cervical smear cytology was performed in 1650 patients, and 677 of those patients underwent cervical biopsy.RESULTSAmong the 1650 smears that were examined cytologically, 92.7% (114 of 123 smears) of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 98.1% (106 of 108 smears) of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), and 96.3% (51 of 53 smears) of carcinomas were HPV positive, compared with only 35.1% of smears with normal cytology that were HPV positive. HPV‐16 was the most prevalent type (chi‐square test; P < 0.01) in LSILs (28.5%), in HSILs (51.9%), and in carcinomas (62.5%) followed by HPV‐58 and a group of low‐risk types (HPV‐6, HPV‐11, HPV‐34, HPV‐40, HPV‐42, HPV‐43,and HPV‐44) in LSILs. HPV‐58 (15.7%), HPV‐18 (6.7%), and HPV‐52 (4.6%) were the next most prevalent types after HPV‐16 in HSILs. HPV‐18 (11.4%) and HPV‐58 (11.4%) were the second most common types in carcinomas. HPV‐58 had the highest positive predictive value (54.9%) for the detection of histologically confirmed HSIL or carcinoma, whereas HPV 16 had the highest negative predictive value (80.6%). The sensitivity (96.0%) of the HPV test using the DNA chip method for detecting HSIL or carcinoma was superior compared with the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis (83.6%).CONCLUSIONSThe HPV DNA chip provides a very sensitive method for detecting 22 HPV genotypes with reasonable sensitivity (96.0%) and reasonable negative predictive value (96.9%), and it overcomes the low sensitivity of cytologic screening for the detection of HSIL or carcinoma. HPV‐58, HPV‐52, and HPV‐56, as well as HPV‐16 and HPV‐18, were associated highly with HSIL and carcinoma in the current large series. In addition, multiple HPV infection was associated less frequently with cervical carcinoma and with precancerous lesions compared with normal cytology. Cancer 2003;97:1672–80. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11235
Risk of lung carcinoma among users of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Authors: Muscat Joshua E. , Chen Shu‐Quan , Richie John P. , Altorki Nasser K. , Citron Marc , Olson Sara , Neugut Alfred I. , Stellman Steven D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the development of lung tumors in experimental animals. To the authors' knowledge there are little data regarding whether regular use of NSAIDs reduces the risk of developing lung carcinoma in humans.METHODSThe association between lung carcinoma risk and regular use of NSAIDs, including aspirin, was evaluated in a hospital‐based case–control study of 1038 patients and 1002 controls.RESULTSThe relative risk estimate of lung carcinoma associated with using NSAIDs 3 times a week or more for 1 or more years demonstrated an odds ratio (OR) of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53–0.89). Results were similar when separated by lung histologic type. The association varied by smoking status. The OR was1.28 (95% CI, 0.73–2.25) in never‐smokers and 0.60 (95% CI 0.45–0.80) in ever‐smokers. The smoking‐specific risk estimates for aspirin were similar to those for all NSAIDs.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest a possible chemoprotective benefit with the use of NSAIDs among individuals who are former or current smokers. Cancer 2003;97:1732–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11242
Correlation between HER‐2 expression and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yang Ying , Smith Terry , Kau Shu‐Wan , McConathy Judy M. , Esteva Francisco J. , Kuerer Henry M. , Symmans W. Fraser , Buzdar Aman U. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine whether HER‐2 overexpression is associated with improved response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (FAC) in patients with breast carcinoma.METHODSNinety‐seven patients with Stage I–III breast carcinoma were included. HER‐2 expression was determined by routine clinical laboratory assessment, and tumors with 3 + immunohistochemistry staining intensity or gene amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization were considered HER‐2 positive. Response was assessed by physical examination, imaging assessment, and pathologic assessment at the time of surgery.RESULTSThe median patient age was 45 years. At baseline, 68% of patients had lymph node positive disease, 87% had ≥ T2 tumors, and 28% of patients had HER‐2 positive tumors. Eighty‐four percent of patients received four courses of FAC, 8% of patients received 3 courses of FAC, and the remaining 8% of patients received 5–6 courses of FAC. The clinical response rate (complete response [CR] and partial response [PR]) was 78%, the imaging response rate (CR and PR) was 64%, and 15% of patients had a good pathologic response, defined as a CR or minimal residual disease (tumor measuring < 1 cm in greatest dimension and negative lymph nodes). Concordance between the three methods of response assessment (clinical, pathologic, and imaging) was modest and was best between clinical assessment and imaging assessment (64% concordance). HER‐2 status did not correlate with pathologic or clinical response (assessed by physical examination or imaging), although a nonsignificant trend was noted toward better response in patients with breast tumors that overexpressed HER‐2.CONCLUSIONSThe authors found no significant correlation between HER‐2 expression and clinical or pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:1758–65. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11245
Modulation of antitumor immune responses by hematopoietic cytokines
Authors: Waller Edmund K. , Ernstoff Marc S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvances in immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with malignant disease have led to increasingly successful use of these methods in the clinical setting. This review presents findings from recent studies that have explored improved methods for the presentation of tumor‐associated antigens and for the restoration of tumor specific immune responses using cytokine therapy.METHODSA review of human clinical trial research on immune cytokines from 1995 (MEDLINE) to the present was conducted. Particular attention was focused on articles that reported results from Phase II or later clinical studies in patients with malignant disease.RESULTSThe defects in cellular immunity commonly seen in patients with malignancies often are expressed as tumor specific anergy. Reversing patient tolerance to tumor antigens may be accomplished by treatment with immunoregulatory cytokines, such as Flt‐3 and granulocyte‐macrophage–colony stimulating factor, that mature and activate dendritic cells. Published clinical studies indicate that granulocyte‐macrophage–colony stimulating factor stimulates antigen‐presenting cells and has promising antitumor activity as an adjunct or as stand‐alone therapy for patients with malignant disease, including leukemia, melanoma, breast carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSImmune‐modulating cytokines may be used alone or in combination with other treatments to help restore immune function, improve response to tumor‐associated antigens, and reduce the toxic effects of standard antitumor therapies. The evolving understanding of how dendritic cells regulate immune responses and promising results from published studies of immune‐enhancing cytokines in the treatment of patients with malignant disease support the conduct of randomized clinical trials to confirm the clinical benefit of these immunotherapeutic strategies. Cancer 2003;97:1797–809. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11247
Luteinizing hormone receptor status and clinical, pathologic, and prognostic features in patients with breast carcinomas
Authors: Meduri Geri , Charnaux Nathalie , Spyratos Frederique , Hacene Kamel , Loosfelt Hugue , Milgrom Edwin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been established that pregnancy protects against breast carcinoma, and animal models have shown that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) mimics this effect by inhibiting the initiation and progression of experimental breast carcinoma. Luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG receptors (LHR) have been characterized in several human breast carcinoma cell lines and in a limited number of breast carcinoma biopsy specimens. These observations led to the suggestion that hCG may be used as a means of prevention and possibly treatment in patients with breast carcinoma.METHODSThe authors used immunocytochemistry to analyze tumors from 160 patients who were followed for a median of 2539 days. Using a cut‐off value of 18% immunolabeled cells in each tumor, 72% of tumors were identified as LHR positive. The LHR‐positive tumors were found more frequently in premenopausal women, who had tumors with greater cell differentiation and positive estrogen receptor α status. Infiltrating lobular carcinomas were positive for LHR more frequently compared with infiltrating ductal carcinomas. There was no correlation between LHR status and lymph node invasion, tumor size, or progesterone receptor status.RESULTSPatients with LHR‐positive tumors had a longer metastasis free survival, although the statistical significance was slight (P = 0.07), most likely due to the limited number of events in the patients studied. Conversely, there was no difference between patients with LHR‐positive or LHR‐negative tumors in the local recurrence free interval.CONCLUSIONSLHR status seems to be related in part to the degree of differentiation in breast tumors, confirming experimental evidence of the effect of hCG on mammary tissue. The presence of LHR is a tumor characteristic that largely is independent of other clinical and pathologic tumor features. It may be of interest in the future to correlate the presence of LHR with a possible therapeutic response in individual patients to hCG. Cancer 2003;97:1810–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11294
Neuron‐specific distribution of P2X7 purinergic receptors in the monkey retina
Authors: Ishii Katsuyoshi , Kaneda Makoto , Li Hongbin , Rockland Kathleen S. , Hashikawa Tsutomu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExtracellular ATP is a signaling molecule, working through P2X purinoceptors in the nervous system. P2X7 is a major subtype of the purinoceptors in the brain, where it is expressed mostly in glia cells and considered to work as a trigger of cytolysis. In the rodent retina, however, P2X7 is expressed in several classes of neurons including ganglion cells. In the present study we identified cells immunopositive for P2X7 by double immunolabeling. Immunoreactivity for P2X7 was observed in the inner nuclear layer (INL), the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). In the INL, strongly immunopositive cells corresponded to the subpopulation of horizontal cells. In the IPL, fine processes were immunopositive. In the GCL, most of the ganglion cells showed P2X7 immunoreactivity. At the ultrastructural level, immunoreactivity was confirmed in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells. No P2X7 immunoreactivity was found in non‐neural cells, i.e., Müller cells or microglia. The immunohistochemical distribution of other purinoceptor subtypes (P2X1, P2X2, and P2X4) was also examined in the monkey retina. Immunoreactivity for P2X1 was strongly detected in a band, in sublamina a of the IPL. The band existed at almost the same level as tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, but did not seem to actually overlap. P2X2 was not expressed in the retina, and P2X4 was only faintly expressed at the scleral margin of the INL. Because P2X7 in the primate retina is expressed exclusively in neurons, it may in this location be involved in neural transmission rather than in cytolysis, as found for glia cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:267–277, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical activation of precursors for nanocrystalline materials
Authors: Heegn H. , Birkeneder F. , Kamptner A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNanostructured materials win big scientific interest and increasingly economic meaning through their specific exceptional properties. Precursors that were compacted by pressing and sintering are normally used preparation of materials. In present work, the influence of mechanical activation by grinding on the structure as well as on compacting and sintering behavior of oxides from magnesium, aluminium and silicon has been investigated. Starting materials for each metal oxide differ in microstructure, dispersity, and porosity. The influence of mechanical activation on the destruction of crystalline structure to nanocrystalline, as well as to the amorphous stage and the compaction of powders with nano‐particles, as well as structures with nanoscale pores have been compared. The possibilities of the consolidation of nanostructured materials were investigated. The mechanical activation took place in a disc vibration mill. The mechanical activated materials as well as their pressing and their sintering products were characterized by density, particle‐sizedistribution, specific surface, pore‐structure, microstructure, and crystallite size by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). The mechanical activation of the model‐substances led, in most cases, to an improvement of the compaction properties; thus, this improvement can be achieved with subsequent sintering densities up to 98% of the theoretical density. From these experiments, generalizations transferable to other materials can be made.
Crystallization of potassium sulfate by cooling and salting‐out using 1‐propanol in a calorimetric reactor
Authors: Taboada M. E. , Palma P. A. , Graber T. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA study was made on a isothermal process for the crystallization of potassium sulfate as an alternative to the cooling process. The process employs addition of 1‐propanol to aqueous salt solutions to achieve the “saltingout” of the K2SO4. This work was carried out using an automated Mettler Toledo model RC1 reactorcrystallizer with 800 ml capacity, and controlled isothermally at 25 °C to test the crystallization of K2SO4 by addition of the alcohol, and from 50 to 10 °C for the cooling crystallization. In both systems, the line of nucleation points was shown to be approximately parallel to the saturation curve, with an average width of 13°C or 3 % mass for crystallization by cooling, compared with 0.2 to 1 % by salting‐out. In experiments on crystallization by cooling, the K2SO4 crystals were 0.27 mm in mean size, showed 7 % agglomeration, and contained 8.5 % moisture. Crystals obtained by salting‐out had a mean size of 0.79 mm, 28 % agglomeration, and 9‐10 % moisture content. A crystal shape factor of approximately of 0.7 was obtained in both systems, apart from the agglomeration.
Growth and characterization of semiconducting cadmium selenide thin films
Authors: Shreekanthan K. N. , Rajendra B. V. , Kasturi V. B. , Shivakumar G. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSemiconducting thin films of cadmium selenide have been grown by conventional thermal evaporation technique. The effect of various growth parameters like rate of deposition and deposition temperature has been studied in detail. Films deposited at room temperature are cadmium rich with segregated selenium globules. A deposition temperature of 453 K has been found to yield stoichiometric, homogeneous films. The films have been analysed for optical band gap and thermal activation energies. Films of low electrical resistivity have been obtained for possible applications.
Influence of crystallization conditions on the mechanism and rate of crystal growth of potassium sulphate
Authors: Omar W. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGrowth rate of potassium sulfate crystals was studied in a fluidized bed crystallizer. Higher growth rates were observed at larger bed heights. Larger crystals grow faster than smaller size crystals due to the changed fluid dynamics. The growth rate was found to be very sensitive to the pH value of the solution. The growth rate increases with increasing the pH value and the increase of growth in the acidic medium is faster than in the basic medium. The presence of small amounts of Cr3+ ions reduces the growth rate of potassium sulfate dramatically. The presence of Cr3+ ions lowers the saturation temperature and increases the width of the metastable zone, i.e. shifts the metastability of the solution to be at lower level of supersaturation.
Controlling the axial temperature gradient in inductively heated Czochralski systems
Authors: Ganschow S. , Reiche P. , Ziem M. , Uecker R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA heating system is described that allows to increase the temperature gradients in rf‐heated Czochralski setups during the growth. This system applies an active afterheater, operated by a separate induction coil parallel to that heating the crucible. By changing the inductivity of an additional coil located outside the growth chamber, the ratio of the rf currents flowing through the crucible and afterheater and, consequently, the geometry of the heat input to the setup can be altered. The efficiency of the heating systems has been demonstrated in various experiments.
Effect of electrical field on dendritic growth of boric acid
Authors: Sahin Ömer , Nusret Bulutcu A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGrowth rates of boric acid crystals have been measured both in pure aqueous solution and under the influence of electrical field as a function of supersaturation and electrical field intensity in a laboratory scale fluidized bed crystallizer at the temperature of 30°C. The effect of electrical field was estimated from the growth rate data to evaluate the relative magnitude of two resistances, diffusion and integration. In absence of electrical field, the obtained results indicate that the controlling mechanism is mainly integration. However, in presence of electrical field, growth rate of boric acid were controlled by diffusion and reaction steps. In the absence of electrical field, boric acid crystals grow dendritically at any level of supersaturation from pure boric acid solution. In case of electrical field, the dendritic structure was depressed.
The effect of surface potential on the growth and dissolution rate dispersion of boric acid
Authors: Sahin Ömer , Nusret Bulutcu A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGrowth and dissolution rates of the boric acid crystals were measured in the case of supersaturation and undersaturation in a batch single crystal cell. Boric acid shows the growth and dissolution rate dispersion in all levels of the supersaturation and undersaturation. In both the growth and dissolution regions, dispersion of boric acid crystals were found to be controlled by negatively charged surface formed by specific anion adsorption. Boric acid seed crystals with same size but different surface potential were classified by an electrostatic separator and used in the measurement of the crystal growth rates. It was determined that high surface charge dominates the crystal growth and dissolution rate. Dispersion in the growth and dissolution rates were explained by surface potential distribution.
An improved prediction model of morphological modifications of organic crystals induced by additives
Authors: Lu J. J. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAdditives have a great effect on the crystal morphology of organic compounds. The molecular modeling techniques were applied to predict the morphological modifications induced by additives. Besides molecular modeling software additionally some simulation approaches are needed. The build‐in and the surface docking approaches were applied to some host‐additive‐systems. It will be presented here that the suitability of these two approaches depends on the degree of anisotropy of the intermolecular bonding of the host substance. A procedure on how to choose an appropriate prediction approach for the individual crystal systems on investigation is suggested.
Thermal and optical properties of glasses of the system Bi2O3 – B2O3
Authors: Becker P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the binary system Bi2O3 – B2O3 glasses were prepared in the composition range 57.5 mol% ‐ 80 mol% B2O3 by defined slow cooling of large melt samples (about 75 cm3, each). Temperatures of crystallization, of melting and of glass transition were determined and density data of the glasses were derived using the hydrostatic weighting method. Thermal expansion coefficients and high precision refractive indices, together with their dispersion, were measured. The measured physical properties indicate subtle discontinuous structural changes of the glasses with glass composition, that match with the ranges of existence of the crystalline compounds of the binary system Bi2O3 – B2O3. Thermal investigations together with X‐ray powder diffraction analyses of crystallized glass samples prove the so far doubtful existence of a borate compound named “BiBO3” in the PDF within the composition range 52.5 – 57.5 mol% B2O3.
Electron irradiation‐induced effects on optical spectra of (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ single crystals
Authors: Gaffar M. A. , Abu El‐Fadl A. , Bin Anooz S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of electron‐beam irradiation with different doses on optical constants of (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ crystals with x=0.000, 0.020, 0.039, 0.087 or 0.144 wt% has been studied. The optical transmission in the energy range 3.4‐6.4 eV was measured hence the absorption coefficient was computed as a frequency function. The absorption coefficient was also calculated as a function of electron‐beam dose. Irradiation with e‐beam did not affect the allowed indirect type of transition responsible for interband transitions of (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ crystals. Values of the optical energy gap Eg and optical moment Ep for electronic interband transition of unexposed and (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ crystals after e‐beam exposure were deduced. The area under the absorption band at 5.30 eV was used to evaluate the effect of e‐irradiation on optical parameters of samples with x=0.00, 0.020 or 0.039. A shift in the position and a nonmonotonic change in the intensity of this band with increasing e‐beam dose was observed. Changes in the Eg value were used to evaluate the effect of e‐beam exposure dose on (NH4)2ZnCl4: x Sr2+ samples with x=0.087 or 0.144. The obtained results were compared with those obtained for the same crystals after irradiation with different γ‐doses.