bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Culture and Philosophy Matter for the Studies of Algorithmic Recommender Systems. An Example from the Time Prior to the Outbreak of the Russian–Ukrainian War in 2022
Authors: Hamidy Elena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study, conducted through 2020–2022, was an attempt to model a situation in which Russian-speaking users wanted to use YouTube to inform themselves about Crimea’s annexation, and who would then progress by watching videos relevant to the question, picking only relevant recommendations from the list of recommendations made by YouTube throughout the three stages of the experiment. The aim of the data collection was to explore filter bubbles, maintained by YouTube’s recommender algorithm, concerning this polarising issue. As a result, a network was detected which showed recommendations relevant to the topic and which was dominated by videos with positive evaluations of the Crimean annexation. A characteristic performance feature of this network is strong mutual relations, as they frequently related back to each other. As there are dependencies between the research design and the outcome, a conceptual discussion of methods in the field was included as well as the claim to broaden the perspective and to integrate the concepts of philosophy, sociology, and culture studies. In this regard, I follow Andreas Reckwitz’s understanding of the Web as ‘culture machine’ and adapt his notion of personalisation as singularisation as well as Elena Esposito's understanding of artificial communication between humans and algorithms.
Candle soot colloids enhance tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seed germination and seedling quality
Authors: Sembada Anca Awal , Harada Ryuta , Maki Shinya , Fukuhara Toshiyuki , Suzuki Takeshi , Lenggoro I. Wuled 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effect of candle soot colloids, a novel nanomaterial from candle combustion that we developed previously, on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seed germination and seedling vigor was investigated. Candle soot colloids were applied at different concentrations and hydrophobicities to tomato seeds and germination parameters and seedling vigor characteristics, such as length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoids, were measured. It was found that candle soot colloids significantly improved germination speed, seedling length, and seedling fresh weight compared to the control. The adherence of soot particles to the trichomes on the seed surface, which may help seeds retain moisture and stay hydrated, was observed. The chemical composition of the soot samples was analyzed using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry and two different chemical constituents in hydrophilic and hydrophobic soot samples that may affect seed germination were identified. A new potential use of candle soot colloids as plant growth-promoting agents and insights into the effects of nanomaterials on plant physiology and biochemistry were revealed by this study.
An Improved Copula‐Based Framework for Efficient Global Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Liu Hongli , Clark Martyn P. , Gharari Shervan , Sheikholeslami Razi , Freer Jim , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Marsh Christopher B. , Papalexiou Simon Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlobal sensitivity analysis (GSA) enhances our understanding of computational models and simplifies model parameter estimation. VarIance‐based Sensitivity analysis using COpUlaS (VISCOUS) is a variance‐based GSA framework. The advantage of VISCOUS is that it can use existing model input‐output data (e.g., water model parameters‐responses) to estimate the first‐ and total‐order Sobol’ sensitivity indices. This study improves VISCOUS by refining its handling of marginal densities of the Gaussian mixture copula model (GMCM). We then evaluate VISCOUS using three types of generic functions relevant to water system models. We observe that its performance depends on function dimension, input‐output data size, and non‐identifiability. Function dimension refers to the number of uncertain input factors analyzed in GSA, and non‐identifiability refers to the inability to estimate GMCM parameters. VISCOUS proves powerful in estimating first‐order sensitivity with a small amount of input‐output data (e.g., 200 in this study), regardless of function dimension. It always ranks input factors correctly in both first‐ and total‐order terms. For estimating total‐order sensitivity, it is recommended to use VISCOUS when the function dimension is not very high (e.g., less than 20) due to the challenge of producing sufficient input‐output data for accurate GMCM inferences (e.g., more than 10,000 data). In cases where all input factors are equally important (a rarity in practice), VISCOUS faces non‐identifiability issues that impact its performance. We provide a didactic example and an open‐source Python code, pyVISCOUS, for broader user adoption.
On the Origins of Randomness
Authors: Tsonis Anastasios A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper is a concept paper, which discusses the definition of randomness, and the sources of randomness in the physical system (the Universe) as well as in the formal mathematical system. I discuss how randomness, through chaos, the second law, the quantum mechanical character of small scales, and stochasticity is an intrinsic property of nature. I then move to our formal mathematical system and show that even in this formal system we cannot do away with randomness and that the randomness in the physical world is consistent with the origins of randomness suggested from the study of mathematical systems. Rules and randomness are blended together and their interaction is shaping all observed forms and structures.
Re‐Assessing the Need for Apatite‐ and Dolomite‐Specific Calibrations of the Carbonate Clumped Isotope Thermometer
Authors: Anderson N. T. , Bonifacie M. , Jost A. B. , Siebert J. , Bontognali T. , Horita J. , Müller I. A. , Bernasconi S. M. , Bergmann K. D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA few key methodological uncertainties remain for the carbonate clumped isotope community. One is how to compare data among published data sets that are not anchored to the InterCarb Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium Scale (I‐CDES). A second is how temperature calibrations of calcite compare to those of other carbonate minerals in the I‐CDES—particularly dolomite and apatite—which can elucidate several Earth system dynamics. Previous calibrations of the clumped isotope thermometer for dolomite are discrepant from one another and variably (dis)agree with calibrations developed for calcite; apatite calibrations have not yet been compared between laboratories using carbonate‐based standardization. Here we report I‐CDES standardized values for a suite of 11 carbonates that are commonly measured by the clumped isotope community to aid future comparisons of non‐I‐CDES data sets. In addition, 17 dolomite samples (25–1,200°C) and five apatite samples (1–38°C) of known precipitation temperature were measured using carbonate‐based standardization. Excellent agreement between calcites and dolomites heated to similar temperatures (1,100–1,200°C) suggests no mineral‐specific differences in absolute acid fractionation factor. We show that calcite and dolomite regressions largely agree but are sensitive to sample characteristics, regression method, and how equations are statistically compared. We suggest that there is no need for a dolomite‐specific clumped isotope calibration, although our results suggest that further work is necessary to determine the influence of sample characteristics on this relationship. The apatite calibration equation defined in this study is statistically indistinguishable from calcite‐based calibrations; we corroborate previous findings that an apatite‐specific calibration is unnecessary.
Syn‐Drift Plate Tectonics
Authors: Gün Erkan , Pysklywec Russell N. , Topuz Gültekin , Göğüş Oğuz H. , Heron Philip J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe paradigm of plate tectonics holds that ocean plates are rigid during drift and only experience tectonic deformation at subduction zones, but new findings from the Pacific challenge this idea. Geological and geophysical evidence from the Ontong Java, Shatsky, Hess, and Manihiki oceanic plateaux indicates that extensional deformation during plate drift is a widespread phenomenon across the Pacific plate. These anomalously thick oceanic plateaux are weaker regions of the ocean lithosphere and more prone to tectonic deformation. Numerical geodynamic models demonstrate that a slab pull force from distant subduction plate boundaries can be effectively transmitted to oceanic plateaux through strong ocean lithosphere and cause substantial extension during plate drift. Our findings reveal that a wide expanse of the Pacific has experienced syn‐drift plate tectonics linked to pull from the western Pacific subduction factory.
Intermittent Lobe Reconnection Under Prolonged Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field Condition: Insights From Cusp Spot Event Observations
Authors: Xiong Ya‐Ting , Han De‐Sheng , Wang Zhi‐wei , Shi Run , Feng Hui‐Ting 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that lobe reconnection under stable northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions should be continuous. However, to what extent it can be considered as continuous is unknown. Auroral cusp spots have been considered a signature of lobe reconnection. Here, we show that during a cusp spot event continuously observed by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program for approximately 4 hr under stable IMF conditions, the ground radars recorded multiple intermittent equatorward‐moving radar forms (EMRFs) near local noon and multiple intermittent poleward‐moving radar forms (PMRFs) at post‐noon, each lasting ∼20–30 min. These intermittent EMRFs and PMRFs are suggested to correspond to intermittent lobe reconnections occurring at the cusp's poleward boundary near local noon and the duskside boundary at post‐noon, respectively. These findings challenge the previously held notion of continuous lobe reconnection under stable IMF conditions.
Modeling Atmospheric Transport of Cosmogenic Radionuclide 10Be Using GEOS‐Chem 14.1.1 and ECHAM6.3‐HAM2.3: Implications for Solar and Geomagnetic Reconstructions
Authors: Zheng Minjie , Adolphi Florian , Ferrachat Sylvaine , Mekhaldi Florian , Lu Zhengyao , Nilsson Andreas , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA prerequisite to applying 10Be in natural archives for solar and geomagnetic reconstructions is to know how 10Be deposition reflects atmospheric production changes. However, this relationship remains debated. To address this, we use two state‐of‐the‐art global models GEOS‐Chem and ECHAM6.3‐HAM2.3 with the latest beryllium production model. During solar modulation, both models suggest that 10Be deposition reacts proportionally to global production changes, with minor latitudinal deposition biases (<5%). During geomagnetic modulation, however, 10Be deposition changes are enhanced by ∼15% in the tropics and attenuated by 20%–35% in subtropical and polar regions compared to global production changes. Such changes are also hemispherically asymmetric, attributed to asymmetric production between hemispheres. For the solar proton event in 774/5 CE, 10Be shows a 15% higher deposition increase in polar regions than in tropics. This study highlights the importance of atmospheric mixing when comparing 10Be from different locations or to independent geomagnetic field records.
Arctic Heatwaves Could Significantly Influence the Isoprene Emissions From Shrubs
Authors: Wang Hui , Welch Allison , Nagalingam Sanjeevi , Leong Christopher , Kittitananuvong Pitchayawee , Barsanti Kelley C. , Sheesley Rebecca J. , Czimczik Claudia I. , Guenther Alex B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWarming climate in the Arctic is leading to an increase in isoprene emission from ecosystems. We assessed the influence of temperature on isoprene emission from Arctic willows with laboratory and field measurements. Our findings indicate that the hourly temperature response curve of Salix spp., the dominant isoprene emitting shrub in the Arctic, aligns with that of temperate plants. In contrast, the isoprene capacity of willows exhibited a more substantial than expected response to the mean ambient temperature of the previous day, which is much stronger than the daily temperature response predicted by the current version of the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). With a modified algorithm from this study, MEGAN predicts 66% higher isoprene emissions for Arctic willows during an Arctic heatwave. However, despite these findings, we are still unable to fully explain the high temperature sensitivity of isoprene emissions from high latitude ecosystems.
Periodic Mesoscale Density Structures Comprise a Significant Fraction of the Solar Wind and Are Formed at the Sun
Authors: Kepko L. , Viall N. M. , DiMatteo S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMesoscale density structures in the solar wind are often periodic, with f ∼ 0.1–5 mHz. They are trains of advected density structures with radial length scales of ∼100–10,000 Mm. While studies have shown that these periodic density structures (PDSs) are often formed at the Sun and released into the solar wind, it is unknown what percent of the solar wind at 1 AU is comprised of PDSs from the Sun, as opposed to periodicities formed through dynamics en route. We expand on Kepko et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja028037) which analyzed 25 years of in situ solar wind proton data, and include here alphas to examine the compositional characteristics of PDSs. Compositional changes, such as the alpha‐to‐proton ratio (α/p), are frozen into the solar wind plasma low in the corona, and so do not evolve as the solar wind advects and fills the Heliosphere. We find a broad occurrence enhancement in both the proton and α/p distributions between 1 and 3 mHz, centered near ∼2.1 mHz, and demonstrate that this distribution can be modeled assuming ∼30% of the solar wind segments contain a PDS. We find a distinct distribution below 1 mHz, with markedly different α/p characteristics. The α/p indicates that both populations are from the Sun, with likely different generation mechanisms. We conclude by summarizing mechanisms at the Sun that could produce periodic mass release, namely, periodic magnetic reconnection. The lower frequency PDSs likely involve reconnection at S‐web arcs including the heliospheric current sheet, while the higher frequency PDSs may be driven by p‐mode‐related transverse coronal oscillations.
Evaluating Cloud Feedback Components in Observations and Their Representation in Climate Models
Authors: Chao Li‐Wei , Zelinka Mark D. , Dessler Andrew E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study quantifies the contribution of individual cloud feedbacks to the total short‐term cloud feedback in satellite observations over the period 2002–2014 and evaluates how they are represented in climate models. The observed positive total cloud feedback is primarily due to positive high‐cloud altitude, extratropical high‐ and low‐cloud optical depth, and land cloud amount feedbacks partially offset by negative tropical marine low‐cloud feedback. Seventeen models from the Atmosphere Model Intercomparison Project of the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project are analyzed. The models generally reproduce the observed moderate positive short‐term cloud feedback. However, compared to satellite estimates, the models are systematically high‐biased in tropical marine low‐cloud and land cloud amount feedbacks and systematically low‐biased in high‐cloud altitude and extratropical high‐ and low‐cloud optical depth feedbacks. Errors in modeled short‐term cloud feedback components identified in this analysis highlight the need for improvements in model simulations of the response of high clouds and tropical marine low clouds. Our results suggest that skill in simulating interannual cloud feedback components may not indicate skill in simulating long‐term cloud feedback components.
Reduced‐Order Models Unravel the Joint Impact of Aperture Heterogeneity and Shear‐Thinning Rheology on Fracture‐Scale Flow Metrics
Authors: Lenci A. , Méheust Y. , Di Federico V. , Ciriello V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubsurface industrial operations often make use of complex engineered fluids. In fractured media, the hydraulic behavior of a geological fracture is affected by the shear‐thinning (ST) rheology of such fluids, depending on the imposed pressure gradient. Besides, owing to the stochastic nature of heterogeneities in the fracture's local apertures, obtaining the generic behavior of a fracture under ST flow requires large statistics of fractures whose aperture fields have the same statistical properties, namely their mean value, standard deviation, correlation length Lc, and Hurst exponent (which controls the scale invariances at scales smaller than Lc). The first such Monte Carlo study was recently proposed by Lenci, Putti, et al. (2022) using a new lubrication‐based model relying on a non‐linear Reynolds equation. This model describes the flow of an Ellis fluid, with both a low shear rate quasi‐Newtonian viscosity plateau and a large shear rate power law ST behavior, as measured for engineered fluids such as biopolymer solutions (e.g., xanthan gum). Here we aim to obtain the dependence of the fracture transmissivity and its dispersion over the statistics, as well as of the flow correlation length, on fracture closure, geometry correlation length, and applied pressure gradient, over a vast volume of the parameter space, and in a simple mathematical form. Employing reduced‐order models based on the polynomial chaos expansion theory to this aim, we discuss the properties of the obtained topographies of interest in the parameter space.
WNT7A promotes tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via activating FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling
Authors: Huang Qingling , Xiao Yi , Lan Ting , Lu Youguang , Huang Li , Zheng Dali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWnt signaling are critical pathway involved in organ development, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. WNT7A, a member of the Wnt family, remains poorly understood in terms of its role and the underlying molecular mechanisms it entails in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), transcriptome sequencing data of HNSCC, the expression level of WNT7A in tumors was found to be higher than in adjacent normal tissues, which was validated using Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, overexpression of WNT7A did not activate the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway in HNSCC. Instead, our findings suggested that WNT7A potentially activated the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to enhanced cell proliferation, self-renewal, and resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model, high expression of WNT7A and phosphorylated STAT3 was observed, which positively correlated with tumor progression. These findings underscore the significance of WNT7A in HNSCC progression and propose the targeting of key molecules within the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 pathway as a promising strategy for precise treatment of HNSCC.
CYLD regulates cell ferroptosis through Hippo/YAP signaling in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Gu Yanan , Wu Shiqi , Fan Junjie , Meng Zeji , Gao Guoqiang , Liu Tianjie , Wang Qi , Xia Huayu , Wang Xinyang , Wu Kaijie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancy in men. However, the molecular mechanism of its pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that CYLD, a novel deubiquitinating enzyme, impeded PCa development and progression via tumor suppression. First, we found that CYLD was downregulated in PCa tissues, and its expression was inversely correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage. Moreover, we discovered that CYLD inhibited tumor cell proliferation and enhanced the sensitivity to cell ferroptosis in PCa in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CYLD suppressed the ubiquitination of YAP protein, then promoted ACSL4 and TFRC mRNA transcription. Then, we demonstrated that CYLD could enhance the sensitivity of PCa xenografts to ferroptosis in vivo. Furthermore, we discovered for the first time that there was a positive correlation between CYLD expression and ACSL4 or TFRC expression in human PCa specimens. The results of this study suggested that CYLD acted as a tumor suppressor gene in PCa and promoted cell ferroptosis through Hippo/YAP signaling.
The angiosperm radiation played a dual role in the diversification of insects and insect pollinators
Authors: Peris David , Condamine Fabien L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInteractions with angiosperms have been hypothesised to play a crucial role in driving diversification among insects, with a particular emphasis on pollinator insects. However, support for coevolutionary diversification in insect–plant interactions is weak. Macroevolutionary studies of insect and plant diversities support the hypothesis that angiosperms diversified after a peak in insect diversity in the Early Cretaceous. Here, we used the family-level fossil record of insects as a whole, and insect pollinator families in particular, to estimate diversification rates and the role of angiosperms on insect macroevolutionary history using a Bayesian process-based approach. We found that angiosperms played a dual role that changed through time, mitigating insect extinction in the Cretaceous and promoting insect origination in the Cenozoic, which is also recovered for insect pollinator families only. Although insects pollinated gymnosperms before the angiosperm radiation, a radiation of new pollinator lineages began as angiosperm lineages increased, particularly significant after 50 Ma. We also found that global temperature, increases in insect diversity, and spore plants were strongly correlated with origination and extinction rates, suggesting that multiple drivers influenced insect diversification and arguing for the investigation of different explanatory variables in further studies.
Programmable RNA base editing with photoactivatable CRISPR-Cas13
Authors: Yu Jeonghye , Shin Jongpil , Yu Jihwan , Kim Jihye , Yu Daseuli , Heo Won Do 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCRISPR-Cas13 is widely used for programmable RNA interference, imaging, and editing. In this study, we develop a light-inducible Cas13 system called paCas13 by fusing Magnet with fragment pairs. The most effective split site, N351/C350, was identified and found to exhibit a low background and high inducibility. We observed significant light-induced perturbation of endogenous transcripts by paCas13. We further present a light-inducible base-editing system, herein called the padCas13 editor, by fusing ADAR2 to catalytically inactive paCas13 fragments. The padCas13 editor enabled reversible RNA editing under light and was effective in editing A-to-I and C-to-U RNA bases, targeting disease-relevant transcripts, and fine-tuning endogenous transcripts in mammalian cells in vitro. The padCas13 editor was also used to adjust post-translational modifications and demonstrated the ability to activate target transcripts in a mouse model in vivo. We therefore present a light-inducible RNA-modulating technique based on CRISPR-Cas13 that enables target RNAs to be diversely manipulated in vitro and in vivo, including through RNA degradation and base editing. The approach using the paCas13 system can be broadly applicable to manipulating RNA in various disease states and physiological processes, offering potential additional avenues for research and therapeutic development.