bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining exceptional cognition in older adults: A systematic review of cognitive super‐ageing
Authors: Powell Alice , Page Zara A. , Close Jacqueline C. T. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveA consistent approach to defining cognitive super‐ageing is needed to increase the value of research insights that may be gained from studying this population including ageing well and preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions. This review aims to evaluate the existing definitions of ‘super‐ageing’ with a focus on cognition.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google Scholar from inception to 24 July 2023.ResultsOf 44 English language studies that defined super‐ageing from a cognitive perspective in older adults (60–97 years), most (n = 33) were based on preserved verbal episodic memory performance comparable to that of younger adult in age range 16–65 years. Eleven studies defined super‐agers as the top cognitive performers for their age group based upon standard deviations or percentiles above the population mean. Only nine studies included longitudinal cognitive performance in their definitions.ConclusionsEquivalent cognitive abilities to younger adults, exceptional cognition for age and a lack of cognitive deterioration over time are all meaningful constructs and may provide different insights into cognitive ageing. Using these criteria in combination or individually to define super‐agers, with a clear rationale for which elements have been selected, could be fit for purpose depending on the research question. However, major discrepancies including the age range of super‐agers and comparator groups and the choice of cognitive domains assessed should be addressed to reach some consensus in the field.
Metabolic labelling of a subpopulation of small extracellular vesicles using a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue
Authors: Barreca Valeria , Boussadia Zaira , Polignano Deborah , Galli Lorenzo , Tirelli Valentina , Sanchez Massimo , Falchi Mario , Bertuccini Lucia , Iosi Francesca , Tatti Massimo , Sargiacomo Massimo , Fiani Maria Luisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExosomes are among the most puzzling vehicles of intercellular communication, but several crucial aspects of their biogenesis remain elusive, primarily due to the difficulty in purifying vesicles with similar sizes and densities. Here we report an effective methodology for labelling small extracellular vesicles (sEV) using Bodipy FL C16, a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. In this study, we present compelling evidence that the fluorescent sEV population derived from Bodipy C16‐labelled cells represents a discrete subpopulation of small exosomes following an intracellular pathway. Rapid cellular uptake and metabolism of Bodipy C16 resulted in the incorporation of fluorescent phospholipids into intracellular organelles specifically excluding the plasma membrane and ultimately becoming part of the exosomal membrane. Importantly, our fluorescence labelling method facilitated accurate quantification and characterization of exosomes, overcoming the limitations of nonspecific dye incorporation into heterogeneous vesicle populations. The characterization of Bodipy‐labelled exosomes reveals their enrichment in tetraspanin markers, particularly CD63 and CD81, and in minor proportion CD9. Moreover, we employed nanoFACS sorting and electron microscopy to confirm the exosomal nature of Bodipy‐labelled vesicles. This innovative metabolic labelling approach, based on the fate of a fatty acid, offers new avenues for investigating exosome biogenesis and functional properties in various physiological and pathological contexts.
An eco‐friendly, sustainable, and greener approach to the synthesis of Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones using a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Kumar Gobind , Seboletswe Pule , Manhas Neha , Singh Parvesh , Bhargava Gaurav , Rajput Jaspreet Kaur , Kumar Rupesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA safer, greener, and more effective reaction methodology for the synthesis of dihydroquinazolinones (DHQs) has been developed. The deep eutectic solvent (DES) ZnCl2/urea employed in this study efficiently accelerated the cyclization of 2‐aminobenzamide with different aldehydes (aromatic and heteroaromatic) to afford the target scaffolds without the generation of any oxidized product. This method has exhibited remarkable advantages such as quick reaction time, mild reaction conditions, high yield (82%–98%), operational simplicity, and selectivity. The approach was observed to be tolerant to electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing functional groups. Green metric parameters (AEf, OE, AE, RME, CE, etc.) determined further aided this greener chemical approach.
Effects of dietary supplement of ε‐polylysine hydrochloride on laying performance, egg quality, serum parameters, organ index, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota and volatile fatty acids in laying hens
Authors: Wang Han , Wu Jianqing , Hu Moran , Zhang Haoxin , Zhou Xiaolong , Yang Songbai , He Ke , Yan Feifei , Jin Hangfeng , Chen Shaojie , Zhao Ayong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDε‐polylysine hydrochloride (ε‐PLH) is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide extensively utilized in the food and medical industries. However, its impact on animal husbandry remains to be further explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of ε‐PLH on laying hens' health and laying performance.RESULTSDietary supplementation with ε‐PLH to the diet significantly increased average egg weight during weeks 1–8. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, supplementation with ε‐PLH decreased the feed egg ratio during weeks 9–12 and egg breakage rate during weeks 9–16 ，whereas it increased eggshell strength during weeks 1–4 and 13–16 . The ε‐PLH 0.05% group increased yolk percentage during weeks 5–8 and yolk color during weeks 1–4 . Furthermore, ε‐PLH supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin and reproductive hormones estradiol, as well as decreased interleukin‐1 beta and malondialdehyde in the serum. Compared with the control group, supplementation with 0.05% ε‐PLH significantly increased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Gastranaerophilales and decreased the abundance of Desulfovibrio and Streptococcus in the cecum microbiota. In addition, ε‐PLH 0.1% supplementation also increased acetic acid content in the cecum.CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation with ε‐PLH has a positive impact on both productive performance and egg quality in laying hens. Furthermore, ε‐PLH can also relieve inflammation by promoting the immunity and reducing oxidative damage during egg production. ε‐PLH has been shown to improve intestinal morphology, gut microbial diversity and intestinal health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bobcat occupancy, tree islands, and invasive Burmese pythons in an Everglades conservation area
Authors: Buckman Katherine M. , D'Acunto Laura E. , Romañach Stephanie S. , Taylor Rachel M. , Dorn Nathan J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBobcats (Lynx rufus) are terrestrial mammals that also inhabit tree islands (i.e., topographically elevated patches of forested land) embedded in the subtropical Everglades wetlands, which serve as a dry refuge habitat during the wet season in this region of Florida, USA. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan seeks to restore Everglades water flow to pre‐drainage conditions, but little is known about how water levels or other landscape‐level factors may influence mammalian occurrence, such as bobcats, on the tree islands in this ecosystem. We used game camera records and occupancy modeling to test for effects of static habitat variables and dynamic hydrologic variables. We hypothesized that deep water levels would limit the accessibility of tree islands to bobcats; therefore, we predicted that bobcat occupancy would decline with higher water levels. We also tested for the effect of an expanding invasive snake (i.e., Burmese python [Python molarus bivittatus]) using output from a model constructed to predict density and spread of Burmese pythons across southern Florida. We hypothesized that increases in Burmese pythons on the landscape would influence the food resources of bobcats, resulting in reduced bobcat occupancy at higher predicted densities of pythons. We built detection histories using 1,855 bobcat images from game cameras set on 87 tree islands in an Everglades conservation area from 2005–2019. Bobcat occupancy was significantly diminished when predicted Burmese python densities exceeded approximately 3 Burmese pythons/km2. Bobcat occupancy probability also increased with tree‐island density around the focal tree island. Although water depth and hydroperiod surrounding tree islands appeared in our top 3 candidate models, the hydrologic variables had weak effects on bobcat occupancy. Our results suggest that while hydrologic dynamics may play a role, the invasive Burmese python has stronger influences on bobcat occupancy of tree islands in this Everglades conservation area.
Ultrafast Visible/Near‐Infrared Dual‐Band Selective Optical Switching via Polarization Control in Layered Low‐Symmetry TlSe
Authors: Suk Sang Ho , Nah Sanghee , Sajjad Muhammad , Seo Sung Bok , Song Jiacheng , Singh Nirpendra , Baik Hionsuck , Sim Sangwan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDual‐band optical signals, consisting of visible and infrared wavelengths, hold significant potential in various fields such as night vision, vehicle safety, bioimaging, and optical communications. Consequently, considerable attention has focused on modulation techniques for visible‐infrared dual‐band signals, including various electrochromic devices. However, these devices often suffer from low speeds and complex structures, making them unsuitable for satisfying the current demand for ultrafast on‐chip nanophotonics. Here, an ultrafast, dual‐band selective optical switching is presented in thallium selenide (TlSe), a layered nanomaterial with low‐symmetry. Transient absorption microscopy directly reveals distinct modulation bands in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) regions. Notably, these bands exhibit orthogonal polarization dependencies, enabling the selective modulation of visible and NIR light via polarization control. Theoretical analysis reveals that the modulation bands in the visible and NIR regions arise from the perpendicularly anisotropic excited‐state absorption of electrons and holes, respectively. This is supported by distinct ultrafast cooling times observed for electrons and holes. The modulations exhibit picosecond‐scale dynamics owing to efficient Auger recombination. These exceptional characteristics highlight the promising nature of low‐symmetry TlSe as a novel material for ultrafast dual‐band nanophotonics. Furthermore, this work provides fundamental insights into anisotropic carrier dynamics, including effective mass‐dependent cooling and many‐body interactions.
Broadband Spatial Self‐Phase Modulation in Black and Violet Phosphorus and Near‐Infrared All‐Optical Switching
Authors: Xu Xiaodan , Wang Meng , Zhang Yaqing , Li Qifan , Niu Wenshuo , Yang Yifan , Zhao Jimin , Wu Yanling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has attracted great research interest in nonlinear optics due to its anisotropic photoelectronic properties. As an allotrope of phosphorus, violet phosphorus (VP) has higher stability and desirable wide bandgap than BP, broadening the potential applications of phosphorus in optoelectronics. Herein, the nonlinear optical responses of layered BP and VP over broad spectral range from 405 to 1064 nm are investigated by the spatial self‐phase modulation (SSPM) method. These results show that both BP and VP exhibit excellent broadband SSPM effects. They all have large nonlinear susceptibility value (up to ≈ 10−8 e.s.u.), except for a weaker value at the near‐infrared band. Moreover, the SSPM pattern formation time becomes significantly longer with increasing wavelength. Significantly, an all‐optical switching using a 532 nm beam to control a 1064 nm near‐infrared beam is realized based on the SSPM, which demonstrate that the nonlinear optical response of signal beam (1064 nm) can be improved by adjusting the intensity of controlling beam (532 nm). This study provides a fascinating foundation for future applications of phosphorus allotropes in broadband nonlinear photonics.
Luminescence‐Refrigeration Module: Addressing Luminescence Saturation Challenges in Laser‐Driven Lighting
Authors: Sun Peng , Hu Pan , Liu Yongfu , Luo Zhaohua , Wang Le , Zhu Qiangqiang , Shen Xuhui , Zhu Yujie , Jiang Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract(Phosphor‐converted white laser diode (PC‐WLD) lighting shows promise for high‐luminance solid‐state illumination. However, luminescence saturation, stemming from optical and thermal factors and, hampers high‐power LD lighting progress. This study delves into the light‐thermal dynamics between lasers and Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ （YAG:Ce）transparent ceramic phosphors (TCPs). Over 48.9% of absorbed laser power generates heat, inducing luminescence saturation. To effectively handle heat dissipation, we introduce a Luminescence‐Refrigeration Module (LRM) comprising the YAG:0.005Ce3+ TCP and a thermoelectric cooler (TEC). The LRM raises laser power density saturation by 4.5 times, meeting high‐power laser lighting requirements. The designed LRM emerges as a groundbreaking strategy for advancing high‐power LD lighting devices.)
Rapid quantitative magnetization transfer imaging: Utilizing the hybrid state and the generalized Bloch model
Authors: Assländer Jakob , Gultekin Cem , Mao Andrew , Zhang Xiaoxia , Duchemin Quentin , Liu Kangning , Charlson Robert W. , Shepherd Timothy M. , Fernandez‐Granda Carlos , Flassbeck Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeTo explore efficient encoding schemes for quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging with few constraints on model parameters.Theory and MethodsWe combine two recently proposed models in a Bloch‐McConnell equation: the dynamics of thefree spin poolare confined to the hybrid state, and the dynamics of thesemi‐solid spin poolare described by the generalized Bloch model. We numerically optimize the flip angles and durations of a train of radio frequency pulses to enhance the encoding of three qMT parameters while accounting for all eight parameters of the two‐pool model. We sparsely sample each time frame along this spin dynamics with a three‐dimensional radial koosh‐ball trajectory, reconstruct the data with subspace modeling, and fit the qMT model with a neural network for computational efficiency.ResultsWe extracted qMT parameter maps of the whole brain with an effective resolution of 1.24 mm from a 12.6‐min scan. In lesions of multiple sclerosis subjects, we observe a decreased size of the semi‐solid spin pool and longer relaxation times, consistent with previous reports.ConclusionThe encoding power of the hybrid state, combined with regularized image reconstruction, and the accuracy of the generalized Bloch model provide an excellent basis for efficient quantitative magnetization transfer imaging with few constraints on model parameters.
Improved error estimates of the time‐splitting methods for the long‐time dynamics of the Klein–Gordon–Dirac system with the small coupling constant
Authors: Li Jiyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe provide improved uniform error estimates for the time‐splitting Fourier pseudo‐spectral (TSFP) methods applied to the Klein–Gordon–Dirac system (KGDS) with the small parameter . We first reformulate the KGDS into a coupled Schrödinger–Dirac system (CSDS) and then apply the second‐order Strang splitting method to CSDS with the spatial discretization provided by Fourier pseudo‐spectral method. Based on rigorous analysis, we establish improved uniform error bounds for the second‐order Strang splitting method at up to the long time at . In addition to the conventional analysis methods, we mainly apply the regularity compensation oscillation technique for the analysis of long time dynamic simulation. The numerical results show that our method and conclusion are not only suitable for one‐dimensional problem, but also can be directly extended to higher dimensional problem and highly oscillatory problem. As far as we know there has not been any relevant long time analysis and any improved uniform error bounds for the TSFP method solving the KGDS. Our methods are novel and provides a reference for analyzing the improved error bounds of other coupled systems similar to the KGDS.
Escherichia coli strains with precise domain deletions in the ribonuclease RNase E can achieve greatly enhanced levels of membrane protein production
Authors: Vasilopoulou Eleni , Chroumpi Tania , Skretas Georgios 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEscherichia coli is one of the most widely utilized hosts for production of recombinant membrane proteins (MPs). Bacterial MP production, however, is usually accompanied by severe toxicity and low‐level volumetric accumulation. In previous work, we had discovered that co‐expression of RraA, an inhibitor of the RNA‐degrading activity of RNase E, can efficiently suppress the cytotoxicity associated with the MP overexpression process and, simultaneously, enhance significantly the cellular accumulation of membrane‐incorporated recombinant MPs in bacteria. Based on this, we constructed the specialized MP‐producing E. coli strain SuptoxR, which can achieve dramatically enhanced volumetric yields of well‐folded recombinant MPs. Ιn the present work, we have investigated whether domain deletions in the E. coli RNase E, which exhibit reduced ribonucleolytic activity, can result in suppressed MP‐induced toxicity and enhanced recombinant MP production, in a manner resembling the conditions of rraA overexpression in E. coli SuptoxR. We have found that some strains encoding specific RNase E truncation variants can achieve significantly enhanced levels of recombinant MP production. Among these, we have found a single RNase E variant strain, which can efficiently suppress MP‐induced toxicity and achieve greatly enhanced levels of recombinant MP production for proteins of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin. Based on its properties, and in analogy to the original SuptoxR strain, we have termed this strain SuptoxRNE22. E. coli SuptoxRNE22 can perform better than commercially available bacterial strains, which are frequently utilized for recombinant MP production. We anticipate that SuptoxRNE22 will become a widely utilized host for recombinant MP production in bacteria.
Comparison of ensemble‐based data assimilation methods for sparse oceanographic data
Authors: Beiser Florian , Holm Håvard Heitlo , Eidsvik Jo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProbabilistic forecasts in oceanographic applications, such as drift trajectory forecasts for search‐and‐rescue operations, face challenges due to high‐dimensional complex models and sparse spatial observations. We discuss localisation strategies for assimilating sparse point observations and compare the implicit equal‐weights particle filter and a localised version of the ensemble‐transform Kalman filter. First, we verify these methods thoroughly against the analytic Kalman filter solution for a linear advection diffusion model. We then use a nonlinear simplified ocean model to do state estimation and drift prediction. The methods are rigorously compared using a wide range of metrics and skill scores. Our findings indicate that both methods succeed in approximating the Kalman filter reference for linear models of moderate dimensions, even for small ensemble sizes. However, in high‐dimensional settings with a nonlinear model, we discover that the outcomes are significantly influenced by the dependence of the ensemble Kalman filter on relaxation and the particle filter's sensitivity to the chosen model error covariance structure. Upon proper relaxation and localisation parametrisation, the ensemble Kalman filter version outperforms the particle filter in our experiments.
First‐principles study on the effect of arsenic impurity on oxidation of pyrite surfaces
Authors: Fu Minsheng , Li Caiyun , Chen Linxiong , Xu Jiang , Chai Dong , Zhang Junjie , Li Yuqiong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArsenic (As) frequently exists in pyrite (FeS2) in the form of impurities. The oxidation behavior of As in FeS2 is important in environmental science, mineral processing, and other related fields. The adsorption behaviors of H2O and O2 molecules on the As‐bearing pyrite (100) surface (AsFeS2(100)) are studied using the density functional theory (DFT). The results show that As prefers the S site on the pyrite (100) surface (FeS2(100)). In the absence of O2, an isolated H2O molecule does not dissociate when adsorbed at an iron (Fe) site and is repelled at an As site. Furthermore, the surface area around the As atoms exhibits a hydrophobic behavior. Adsorption energy analysis reveals that the presence of As atoms is unfavorable for the adsorption of H2O molecules on the pure FeS2 surface, and that the adsorption of H2O molecules on the AsFeS2(100) is physical adsorption. In the absence of H2O, it is suggested that the O2 molecule easily dissociates on both the pure FeS2(100) and AsFeS2(100). The adsorption of O2 on the As‐bearing surface is weaker than that on the pure FeS2(100). For the co‐adsorption of H2O and O2, the adsorption energy on the As‐bearing surface is more negative than that on the pure surface. This indicates that the presence of As promotes surface oxidation. Additionally, two OH and O (AsO or SO) or O (FeO) species are formed on the surface of pyrite when the H2O molecule is dissociated.
In Vivo mRNA CAR T Cell Engineering via Targeted Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles with Extrahepatic Tropism
Authors: Billingsley Margaret M. , Gong Ningqiang , Mukalel Alvin J. , Thatte Ajay S. , El‐Mayta Rakan , Patel Savan K. , Metzloff Ann E. , Swingle Kelsey L. , Han Xuexiang , Xue Lulu , Hamilton Alex G. , Safford Hannah C. , Alameh Mohamad‐Gabriel , Papp Tyler E. , Parhiz Hamideh , Weissman Drew , Mitchell Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith six therapies approved by the Food and Drug Association, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have reshaped cancer immunotherapy. However, these therapies rely on ex vivo viral transduction to induce permanent CAR expression in T cells, which contributes to high production costs and long‐term side effects. Thus, this work aims to develop an in vivo CAR T cell engineering platform to streamline production while using mRNA to induce transient, tunable CAR expression. Specifically, an ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) is utilized as these platforms have demonstrated clinical success in nucleic acid delivery. Though LNPs often accumulate in the liver, the LNP platform used here achieves extrahepatic transfection with enhanced delivery to the spleen, and it is further modified via antibody conjugation (Ab‐LNPs) to target pan‐T cell markers. The in vivo evaluation of these Ab‐LNPs confirms that targeting is necessary for potent T cell transfection. When using these Ab‐LNPs for the delivery of CAR mRNA, antibody and dose‐dependent CAR expression and cytokine release are observed along with B cell depletion of up to 90%. In all, this work conjugates antibodies to LNPs with extrahepatic tropism, evaluates pan‐T cell markers, and develops Ab‐LNPs capable of generating functional CAR T cells in vivo.