bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Dogs and Dogs Suffering from Otitis Externa
Authors: Junco M. T. Tejedor , Barrasa J. L. Martín 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA total of 67 strains of coagulase positive staphylococci isolated from healthy dogs and dogs suffering from otitis externa were studied. Twenty‐two isolates were from healthy dogs (five from hound dogs and 17 from companion dogs) and 45 from dogs suffering otitis externa (14 from hound dogs and 31 from companion dogs). Presumptive identification was attempted using the following tests: production of acetoin, anaerobic utilization of mannitol, acid production from mannitol, presence of β‐galactosidase, and growth on P agar supplemented with different concentrations of acriflavine. Susceptibility of staphylococci to 16 antibiotics was determined. Most effective antibiotics were imipenem, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, gentamicin and marbofloxacin. Penicillin, ampicillin and polymyxin B showed the lowest activity. There were no significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibility among isolates from healthy dogs and dogs suffering from otitis externa.
Variance Components of an Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of IgG Antibodies in Milk Samples to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Nielsen S. S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryMilk samples from 120 cows were tested up to 10 times in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. The purpose of the study was to estimate variance components of the assay attributable to laboratory factors using mixed model theory. Because of significant interaction between the between‐run, between‐day and between‐plate variables, the ELISA‐plate variable was nested in run‐number and run‐number was nested in day‐number. The nested variable accounted for 68% of the laboratory variability (P<0.001), whereas the intra‐plate variability accounted for only 0.04% of the laboratory variability (P>0.9). Therefore, it was concluded that the intra‐plate variability could be ignored whereas the variability from the combined run‐day‐plate variable should be considered in any analyses based on the ELISA.
Development and application of an ELISA for the detection of duck antibodies against Riemerella anatipestifer antigens in egg yolk of vaccinees and in serum of their offspring
Authors: Lobbedey L. , Schlatterer B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA direct and an indirect antibody enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for duck yolk IgY and duck serum IgY was developed and tested on egg yolk and serum of ducks vaccinated with Riemerella anatipestifer (Ra). Tests were performed either with primary antibodies labelled with horseradish peroxidase or with alkaline phosphatase‐labelled secondary antibodies reacting with specifically bound rabbit anti‐duck IgY antibodies, respectively. Ra‐specific IgYs in egg yolk from three ducks increased rapidly at day 8 after the first of two vaccinations. In two ducks, the IgY titre persisted on a high plateau for 3 months. The concentration of Ra‐specific IgYs in the serum of the progeny of vaccinees decreased between day 3 and day 10 after hatching. The fraction of total IgYs decreased less but also significantly. It was shown that antibodies were vertically transmitted and therefore protect offspring against Ra infection at least during the first week after hatching. The test design with anti‐IgY rabbit antibodies is further suitable to detect other specific antibodies if respective antigens were fixed on solid phases.
Lipid Partitioning in the Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata
Authors: Allen Cathy E. , Copley Jon T. , Tyler Paul A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. This study examines the composition and partitioning of lipids in the alvinocarid shrimp Rimicaris exoculata from Mid‐Atlantic hydrothermal vents. Juveniles and adults at different stages of reproductive development were dissected into abdomen, branchial and ovary/hepatopancreas tissues. Each of these tissues was analysed for total lipid and lipid class composition, and fatty acids and fatty alcohols were identified using GC and GC‐MS. Adult and juvenile shrimp differ in the partitioning of lipids between tissues. Juveniles store lipids in the abdomen as wax ester droplets and may use phosphatidyl choline as an additional reserve. Adult shrimp use triglycerides as an energy store, and triglycerides and polar lipids accumulate in ovary and hepatopancreas tissue during reproductive development. The wax ester storage droplets of juvenile shrimp contain high concentrations of n‐3 fatty acids, which are photosynthetically‐derived and thought to be important for reproductive development in crustaceans. These n‐3 fatty acids are concentrated in the ovary and hepatopancreas of adults compared to other tissues. The n‐3 fatty acid content of these adult tissues is well within that estimated for whole juvenile shrimp, supporting the hypothesis that the n‐3 fatty acids putatively required for adult reproduction are stored from the juvenile stage.
Development of reliable PCR markers for the selection of the Vf gene conferring scab resistance in apple
Authors: Tartarini S. , Gianfranceschi L. , Sansavini S. , Gessler C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEarly selection of scab‐resistant apple seedlings can be enhanced by the use of markers tightly linked to the Vf resistance gene. Two sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) markers have been obtained from previously described random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. AM19‐SCAR is a codominant marker, while AM19‐SCAR is dominant, as is the RAPD from which it was derived. A highly detailed map in the vicinity of the Vf gene was built through the cumulative analysis of about 600 seedlings from six different controlled crosses. The usefulness of these and other SCAR markers will be discussed in relation to combining the traditional phenotypic selection with MAS. The availability of two codominant, tightly linked markers flanking both sides of the resistance gene (AL07‐SCAR and M18‐CAPS) also makes it easy to identify the seedlings homozygous for the resistance gene.
The reaction of potato differentials to Phytophthora infestans isolates collected in nature
Authors: Swiezyński K. M. , Domański L. , Zarzycka H. , Zimnoch‐Guzowska E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAvailable data have been evaluated on the reaction of potato differentials to over 5000 Phytophthora infestans isolates, collected in various parts of the world. The differentials were able to identify up to 11 virulence factors in P. infestans. The isolates differed in virulence expression, depending on the isolate and testing conditions. All 11 virulence factors were found in both ‘old’ and ‘new’P. infestans populations. The resistance of individual differentials was not overcome with equal frequency. The resistance of differentials R5, R8 and R9 was overcome least frequently. This may be due to instability of expression of the respective virulence factors in P. infestans and/or the kind of resistance present in the differentials. Whatever the reason, such resistance may possibly be used in breeding potato cultivars with durable resistance to P. infestans.
Searching for molecular markers linked to male sterility and self‐compatibility in apricot
Authors: Badenes M. L. , Hurtado M. A. , Sanz1 F. , Archelos D. M. , Burgos L. , Egea J. , Llácerl G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn apricot, there are two traits related to flower biology that can be a limitation for the breeder: self‐incompatibility and male sterility. Fully mature trees are needed to determine both phenotypes. Molecular biology techniques may provide a potential tool for increasing selection efficiency by means of marker‐assisted selection. In this study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers combined with bulked segregant analysis have been used to search for markers linked to these traits. A screening of 228 primers resulted in a marker linked to male‐fertility (M4‐650). No markers linked to S alleles were obtained. A second approach consisted of the screening of primers in a subset of seedlings and resulted in three markers linked to male‐fertility and two markers linked to the Sc allele. These markers may allow an earlier determination of the phenotype in progenies segregating for these traits.
Allelic variants of granule‐bound starch synthase proteins in European bread wheat varieties
Authors: Marcoz‐Ragot C. , Gateau I. , Koenig J. , Delaire V. , Branlard G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe composition of 324 European wheat cultivars were analysed at the three granule‐bound starch synthase (GBSS I) loci. Protein separation was first made by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE. A specific two‐dimensional (2D) electrophoresis (immobilized pH gradient × SDS‐PAGE) using an Immobiline dry strip in the first dimension was developed to resolve the GBSS I proteins more clearly and to confirm some results. Very low polymorphism was found. Among the 324 cultivars analysed, only one carried a Wx‐A1 null allele (Wx‐A1b) and none was found to have the Wx‐2D null allele. As described in the literature the Wx‐B1 locus was more polymorphic and the null allele was encountered in 11 cultivars. The use of 2D electrophoresis allowed us to find another type of variant which presented as having thicker band with same mobility as the Wx‐D1 protein in SDS‐PAGE. Twelve per cent of the cultivars analysed presented this band and could have been previously mistaken for cultivars carrying the Wx‐B1 null allele. Indeed this band probably corresponded to the Wx‐B1ć or Wx‐B1e allele overlapping with the Wx‐D1a allele in SDS‐PAGE.
Genotype‐environment interactions and phenotypic stability analyses of linseed in Ethiopia
Authors: Adugna W. , Labuschagne M. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeed yield of 10 linseed genotypes, tested in a randomized block design with four replications across 18 environments of Ethiopia was analysed using different stability models. The objectives were to assess genotype‐environment (G‐E) interactions, determine stable genotypes, and to compare the stability parameters. Year by location and location variability were the dominant source of interactions. The stability analyses identified ‘R12‐N10D’, ‘Chilalo’ and ‘P13611’×‘10314D’ as more stable genotypes, while ‘R11‐N1266’, ‘R10‐N27G’ and ‘R12‐D24C’ were specifically adapted to some environments. The highly significant rank correlations found among the deviations from regression, additive main effects multiplicative interaction, stability values, coefficients of determination, and stability variances indicated their close similarity and effectiveness in detecting stable genotypes over a range of Ethiopian environments.
Clustering of amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in a linkage map of rye
Authors: Saal B. , Wricke G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) are now widely used in DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity studies, the construction of dense genetic maps and in fine mapping of agronomically important traits. The AFLP markers have been chosen as a source to extend and saturate a linkage map of rye, which has previously been generated by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, simple sequence repeat and isozyme markers. Gaps between linkage groups, which were known to be part of chromosome 2R, have been closed, thus allowing the determination of their correct order. Eighteen EcoRI‐MseI primer combinations were screened for polymorphism and yielded 148 polymorphic bands out of a total of 1180. The level of polymorphism among the different primer combinations varied from 5.7% to 33.3%. Eight primer combinations, which revealed most polymorphisms, were further analysed in all individuals of the F2 mapping population. Seventy‐one out of 80 polymorphic loci could be integrated into the linkage map, thereby increasing the total number of markers to 182. However, 46% of the mapped AFLP markers constituted four major clusters located on chromosomes 2R, 5R and 7R, predominantly in proximity to the centromere. The integration of AFLP markers caused an increase of 215 cM, which resulted in a total map length of almost 1100 cM.
Breeding for resistance to lentil Ascochyta blight
Authors: Ye G. , McNeil D. L. , Hill G. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAscochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis, is one of the most globally important diseases of lentil. Breeding for host resistance has been suggested as an efficient means to control this disease. This paper summarizes existing studies of the characteristics and control of Ascochyta blight in lentil, genetics of resistance to Ascochyta blight and genetic variations among pathogen populations (isolates). Breeding methods for control of the disease are discussed. Six pathotypes of A. lentis have been reported. Many resistant cultivars/lines have been identified in both cultivated and wild lentil. Resistance to Ascochyta blight in lentil is mainly under the control of major genes, but minor genes also play a role. Current breeding programmes are based on crossing resistant and high‐yielding cultivars and multilocation testing. Gene pyramiding, exploring slow blighting and partial resistance, and using genes present in wild relatives will be the methods used in the future. Identification of more sources of resistance genes, good characterization of the host‐pathogen system, and identification of molecular markers tightly linked to resistance genes are suggested as the key areas for future study.
Effect of Long‐Term Storage at Different Temperatures on the Quality of Liquid Boar Semen
Authors: Paulenz H , Kommisrud E , Hofmo Po 
Published: March 2003

ContentsIn this study the effect of long‐term storage of liquid boar semen at different temperatures on motility, acrosome integrity and pH was investigated. Additionally, individual variation in sperm tolerance to storage at 10°C were examined. Beltsville Thawing Solution‐diluted AI doses from 16 randomly chosen Norwegian Landrace AI boars with proven fertility were split into subsamples and stored at 25, 20, 15 and 10°C, respectively. After 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of storage, sperm motility, acrosome integrity and pH were determined. After 96 h, the initial percentage of motile sperm (77.8%) was significantly reduced to 52.2, 58.8, 50.9 and 42.8% by storage at 25, 20, 15 and 10°C, respectively. After an identical period of time, the percentage of acrosome intact sperm (95.8%) at time 0 became significantly reduced to 91.3, 91.3, 81.5 and 68.3% by storage at 25, 20, 15 and 10°C, respectively. The initial pH (7.21) decreased significantly to 6.96 and 7.06 after 96 h storage at 25 and 20°C, and increased not significantly to 7.25 for storage at 15°C and significantly to 7.29 at 10°C. In conclusion, the results from this study show that, according to the variables studied, 20°C is the least harmful of the four temperatures tested for the long‐term liquid storage of boar semen. Furthermore, remarkable differences in the individual resistance of boar semen to long‐term storage at 10°C were observed.
Production of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos in vitro: Premises and Promises
Authors: Nandi S , Raghu HM , Ravindranatha BM , Chauhan MS 
Published: March 2003

ContentsTechniques for in vitro production (IVP) of buffalo embryos adopting the procedures developed in cattle have received increasing interest in the recent times. A high oocyte maturation, fertilization and cleavage rate and a low rate of blastocyst yield and calving following transfer of in vitro produced buffalo embryos have been obtained. The efficiency of IVP in buffalo is much lower than that in cattle. Several problems need to be resolved before IVP technology can be used regularly in buffalo breeding. This review attempts to present an overview of the different techniques used in buffalo to produce transferable embryos in vitro, namely in vitro maturation and fertilization of immature oocytes and in vitro development of the resulting cleaved embryos to the blastocyst stage before transfer. The problems associated with IVP, the possible solutions and the new biotechniques linked to IVP are discussed.
An Overview of Low Dose Insemination in the Mare
Authors: Morris LHA , Allen WR 
Published: March 2003

ContentsThe need for relatively high numbers of spermatozoa for artificial insemination limits our application of recently available technologies such as sex‐sorted semen. The fertility of two different methods of low dose insemination using fresh, frozen and sex‐sorted semen are compared in this overview. Satisfactory conception rates are described using very low doses of spermatozoa inseminated by either hysteroscopic or deep uterine insemination methods, proving the stallion is fully fertile. The hysteroscopic method appears to give higher conception rates when inseminating fewer than 5 × 106 spermatozoa and is therefore, the preferred method of insemination for sex‐sorted spermatozoa. However, hysteroscopic deposition of low numbers of spermatozoa from infertile stallions does not appear to improve their fertility.
Clinical placements in mental health: Are clinicians doing enough for undergraduate nursing students?
Authors: Mullen Antony , Murray Linda 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:There are growing concerns identified in the literature about the lack of quality clinical placements in mental health for undergraduate nursing students. This study outlines an innovative student programme, designed and implemented by clinicians, committed to providing a quality clinical placement for students. The programme was evaluated by the use of an open‐ended questionnaire administered to a sample of 10 undergraduate nursing students. Results of this evaluation suggested that the programme was able to provide a positive clinical experience in mental health for nursing students and is worthy of a more controlled investigation.
What happens when people disclose sexual or physical abuse to staff at a community mental health centre?
Authors: Agar Kirsty , Read John 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: The files of 200 users of a community mental health centre revealed that 46% of the files contained documentation of sexual or physical abuse as children or adults. Only 36% of summary formulations and 33% of treatment plans for the abused clients mentioned the abuse. Only 22% of the abused clients received abuse‐focused therapy. Response rates were lower for clients who were male or had a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, and if the clinician was male or a psychiatrist. None of the alleged crimes, past, recent or ongoing, was reported to legal authorities. Development of unit policies and training programmes to ensure appropriate response to abuse histories is recommended.
The good, the bad and the relative, part one: Conceptions of goodness in qualitative research
Authors: Emden Carolyn , Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: March 2003

The good, the bad and the relative, part one: Conceptions of goodness in qualitative research This (part one) paper traces efforts to define ‘goodness’ in qualitative research within various fields, including nursing. At first closely aligned with the traditional tenets of quantitative research (reliability and validity), over time these are found to be increasingly problematic to uphold within a qualitative context. As alternative criteria more appropriate to qualitative approaches are developed, in many instances these also are wanting in that they continue to reflect a search for order and certainty that permeates the quantitative domain. In reviewing various sets of criteria of goodness, the concepts of reliability and validity in relation to qualitative research are conceived as being championed, translated, exiled, redeemed and surpassed. Part two of the paper addresses the topic of goodness of qualitative research within the philosophical ‘problem of the criterion’. Discussion extends to how researchers might usefully juxtapose the rationality of a modern world with a mounting postmodern sensibility.
Women's experience of myocardial infarction
Authors: E Holliday Julie , M Lowe Julia , Outram Sue 
Published: March 2003

Background: Heart disease is a major cause of mortality in women. Women have a poorer prognosis than men after myocardial infarction (MI) and research to date has failed to find a definitive explanation. Women have been identified as late presenters for emergency care after acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to discover the underlying processes that effect women's decisions to seek medical help for symptoms of MI.Methods: Qualitative analysis, of semistructured face‐to‐face interviews with 16 women aged between 48 and 82 years, admitted to a major teaching hospital with MI.Results: The women delayed presentation from 1 h to 168 h (median 6.25 h). The decision to seek help was influenced by beliefs about personal susceptibility to MI and beliefs about the way MI presents. Symptoms were diverse and were rarely as described in current health promotion literature.Conclusion: The pivotal factor for early presentation is that women, and their significant others, recognise the variety of signs and symptoms of MI and their personal susceptibility. A theoretical model, adapted from the Self Regulation Model of Illness Cognition of Leventhal et al. is proposed to explain the women's response and also areas of intervention.
Predictive factors for success of neo‐adjuvant therapy in upper gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: WALSH THOMAS N , GRANNELL MARK , MANSOOR SHABAZ 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:Predicting response to treatment has long been the Holy Grail of clinicians treating patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancy. The widespread use of neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer has provided an added urgency to the issue and at the same time brought success a step closer because accurate response can be determined from analysis of the resected specimen.Methods:A search was undertaken of the Medline database for text references to neoadjuvant therapy, esophagus, stomach and predicting response. The references of these publications were further scanned for appropriate references in the text and reference lists.Results:Publications describing predictive markers to neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer, which were most likely to be of clinical significance, were selected for inclusion in this report.Conclusions:The most reliable tissue markers of response based on analysis of pretreatment biopsy specimens include P53, Ki‐67, EGFR and the most impressive serum marker for monitoring response are CYFRA 21–1 and CEA. The results, however, are inconsistent, and the markers of relatively low sensitivity and none reliably identifies individual patients who will respond.
Surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: TAN KC 
Published: March 2003

Abstract  Today there is an array of therapeutic modalities available for the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, surgery, be it resection or transplantation, offers the only hope of long‐term disease‐free survival. Unfortunately, because the majority of HCC in Asia is associated with cirrhosis, surgical resection is restricted to only a small proportion of these patients. However, in selected candidates resection may offer a 5‐year survival of up to 70%. With the clinical application of adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplantation, an increasing number of patients with small HCC and decompensating cirrhosis are undergoing transplantation.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd