bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior in the Public Square
Authors: Houston David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The consequences of public service motivation for work-related attitudes and behaviors have been a focus of scholars (e.g. Crewson, 1997; Kim, 2005; Naff & Crum, 1999). However, public service motivation has implications for behavior beyond the workplace. An ethic that embodies compassion, self-sacrifice, and a commitment to the public interest is likely to influence attitudes and behaviors of individuals in civic community. In this way, public service motivation likely influences behavior in the public square, yet little research attention has focused on this implication. The role that public servants play in the public square is an important topic of research given global concerns over declining social capital. Associational involvement and prosocial behavior are regarded as important for enhancing social trust and capital (Denters et al., 2007; Stolle & Rochon, 1999). To the extent that public service motivation fosters social trust through these acts, public servants are important catalysts for enhancing depleted stores of social capital through both their work and nonwork activities. When levels of social capital are high, government performs better (Cusack, 1999; Knack, 2000; Rice, 2001). Hence, concerns over civic participation and prosocial behavior may be important for making public servants not just better citizens but better servants too (Brewer, 2003).
Reflections: Institutional Theory and World Society
Authors: Meyer John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sociological institutional (or neo-institutional) theory, as it has developed since the 1970s, has provided a useful perspective from which to understand the rise, nature, and impact of the modern world order or society. For many decades, social theories maintained postures that made it difficult to think of the world as a society, and theorists who did so (e.g., Heintz 1972; Luhmann 1975; Bull and Watson 1984; Robertson 1992) tended to be the exceptions. The world was seen as anarchical (by realists in political science) or as an economy without a regulating polity (by world systems students, following Wallerstein 1974) rather than as a society.
Ending Employment
Authors: Hill Henrietta , Kenyon Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are a range of good reasons why an employer may wish to terminate an employee’s employment: lack of capability, misconduct, redundancy, because continuing the relationship would breach a statutory requirement, retirement, or some other substantial reason. Yet the ending of the employment relationship can be one of the most stressful and upsetting experiences for employees to face. We cannot promise that, by following the suggestions we make in this chapter, an employee whose contract is terminated will depart on good terms.
Risk, Dangerousness, and Serious Further Offending
Authors: Nash Mike , Williams Andy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most recurrent criticisms of the many inquiries discussed in this book is that the risk assessment of serious harm has been inadequate. This criticism does not only apply to one agency or in one-off situations. Instead it crosses all agencies and refers to decisions at every stage of the criminal justice process. For the public perhaps, the most important stage involves prisoners prior to release. Here is the ‘final opportunity ‘ to get it right so to speak; in other words it is an opportunity to deny release and thereby better protect the public. This would, however, be a false assumption, for those release decisions are not last ditch opportunities, but are the culmination of a series of decisions and intervention phases in the offender ‘s life.
Organizational Structures —MAPPA and NOMS
Authors: Nash Mike , Williams Andy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Probably the most commonly cited ‘cause ‘ of a tragedy in child protection or criminal justice is a ‘failure of communication ‘ between agencies (see, for example, Reder, Duncan, and Gray (1993) for child protection). By implication improving the quality and effectiveness of communication will help improve ‘protection ‘, in whatever field. This though is clearly easier said than done when the recurrent frequency of such recommendations is considered. We have to note also that communication is more than a simple exchange of information. There is an exchange of information and then, on top of this, the exchange of the relevant information.
Serious Further Offending— Types, Reviews, and Research
Authors: Nash Mike , Williams Andy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the published research on serious further offending. Because this research spans the last ten years, during which time there was a change in the key terminology used, the terms serious incidents and serious further offending are used interchangeably throughout this chapter. In the process of examining this research we have attempted to highlight key themes and issues pertinent to understanding serious further offending. Such offences come in all shapes and sizes and we have introduced in the first section a number of examples that span the range of offences. From these examples we have also highlighted a number of important information points that help identify key warning signs and/or trigger events in the lead up to, and during the commission of the SFO.
Inside the Courts A Sketch of the Courts
Authors: Terris Daniel , Romano Cesare P R , Swigart Leigh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
International courts and tribunals are complex institutions, with judges constituting a single element among many. In addition to the bench, international courts have administrative arms, often known as the registry, and, if they are criminal tribunals, a prosecutorial unit as well. These various branches of international courts are designed to work together in moving along the process of justice in the most effective manner. Courts are also staffed by large numbers of people who represent diverse nationalities, language and cultural groups, legal traditions, social systems, political ideologies, and worldviews. Some courts may further- more consider cases that come from a wide range of geographic areas and deal with many different substantive issues.
The Intellectual and Social Organization Of the Sciences
Authors: Whitley Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a rapidly changing and inter-disciplinary world it is important to understand the nature and generation of knowledge, and its social organization. Increasing attention is paid in the social sciences and management studies to the constitution and claims of different theories, perspectives, and 'paradigms'. This book is one of the most respected and robust analyses of these issues. For this new paperback edition Richard Whitley - a leading figure in European business education - has written a new introduction which addresses the particular epistemological issues presented by management and business studies. He approaches the sciences as differently organized systems for the production and validation of knowledge - systems which become established in particular contexts and which generate different sorts of knowledge. He identifies seven major types of scientific field and discusses the establishment and growth of these sciences, including the major consequences of the nineteenth-century expansion of employment opportunities for researchers; the competitive pursuit of public reputations; and the domination of intellectual work by employees. He also examines the divergences in the way research is organized and controlled both in different fields, and in the same field within different historical circumstances. This book will be of interest to all graduate students concerned with the social study of knowledge, science, technology, and the history and philosophy of science.
Psychology and Industrial Relations
Authors: Brotherton Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As many contributions to this book point out, industrial relations, as an academic discipline, has experienced an uneven intellectual development. Whilst industrial relations addresses important issues for society there has, at times, been little agreement on precisely what constitutes the scholarly and the scientific agenda for industrial relations as a subject of study. The issue of focus is perhaps made more difficult by the fact that industrial relations, since its inception, has been multi-disciplinary. Within that framework psychology has had an even more chequered history than either other contributing disciplines or industrial relations as a whole. Addressing an audience gathered at Ruskin College, Oxford, in the late 1960s Len Murray, then the General Secretary of the Trade Union Congress, drew the analogy of the quadrille in describing the practice of industrial relations.
Changing Boundaries of Participation in European Public Spheres: Reflections on Citizenship and Civil Society
Authors: Soysal Yasemin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The unfolding episodes of world politics in the 1990s have brought intensified attempts to redefine nation-state identities and citizenship. This is clearly linked to a series of world-level developments: large-scale international migration, the political reconfigurations in the former socialist countries, and the emergence of regional and transnational political entities, most clearly observed in the case of the European Union. All these developments are closely associated with the reinvention and reassertion of national(ist) narratives throughout the world: fierce struggles for ethnic or national closures in former Yugoslavia, India, Rwanda, and Ireland; the aggressive vocalization of anti-immigrant groups throughout the United States and Europe; an increasing concern with national sovereignties and borders, exemplified in the reactions of some European governments vis-à-vis the advance of the European Union. In addition, the demise of the welfare state, in Europe but also in the United States, increases the stakes of citizenship, which further stirs up restrictionist sentiments and a general attack on citizenship rights.
Colombia: Political Renewal and Decentralization in a Weak State
Authors: Angell Alan , Lowden Pamela , Thorp Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Decentralization in Colombia has been far-reaching and ambitious in its goals. This applies to its fiscal and administrative dimensions, but most especially to its political aims and implications. The introduction of mayoral elections in 1988 and further decentralizing measures enshrined in the 1991 Constitution were responses to the need perceived by the refom1ers then in power to renovate and re-legitimize the political system. By allowing for a fresh layer of democratic local leadership, it was hoped that the power of the regional bosses, sustained by tightly controlled clientelist networks, would be undennined, or at the least, challenged. The hope of reformers was not only to improve the administrative effectiveness and rectitude of the state at the local level, but also to breathe new life into the institution of democracy itself. Although Colombia was spared the military dictators that swept into power in most of the region in the 1970s, its political system had come to be regarded as exclusionary and corrupt by increasing numbers of the population, not merely the subversive forces making their presence felt by the 1980s. Given that context, it is not surprising that decentralization in Colombia has been a major domestic issue-and the subject of considerable conflict and controversy.
Chile: Decentralization with a Strong State and Weak Regions
Authors: Angell Alan , Lowden Pamela , Thorp Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In contrast to Colombia, Chile provides an interesting example of decentralization where the central state is strong and relatively efficient, and where there has been little pressure for change from the weak regions and municipalities. For most of its independent history, the centre has been reluctant to share any significant power with its regions. Only with the dictatorship of General Pinochet were significant functions transferred to the regions and municipalities.
Implications Of The Human Rights Act 1998
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind , Pointing John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principal provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998 came into force on 2 October 2000.1 Extending to England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, it incorporates into UK law the rights and freedoms set out in the European The Human Rights Act 1998 applies to al1 public authorities. The effect of this is that the articles set out in Schedule 1 to the Act shape the way individuals should be treated by public authorities. The 1998 Act is, therefore, potentially relevant to every act or decision taken by a local authority. With regard to statutory nuisance enforcement, this means that decisions whether to serve an abatement notice, or whether to commence (or discontinue with) a prosecution under section 80 of the Environmental Protection Act J 990 CEPA 1990’), have to be made in the light of the Act. Other decisions relevant
Enforcement: Use Of Abatement Notices
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind , Pointing John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The key procedural impact of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 ( •EPA 1990’), was the introduction of the abatement notice as a method of controlling statutory nuisances through administrative action. The abatement notice, once served, requires the recipient to remedy the nuisance. At the centre of control is the local authority, which has a duty to inspect for statutory nuisances and to respond to complaints. Once the authority has formed the view that there is a statutory nuisance, it must serve a notice. The question of the extent to which the authority must consult arises at this stage. Further, since the abatement notice exposes the recipient to the risk of prosecution, the notice itself must be carefully drawn within the powers of the local authority. Finally, it must be properly served.
Section 82 Proceedings
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind , Pointing John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a key mechanism for the local control of polluting activities which are harm- 16.01 ful to people, the control of statutory nuisances lies principally with local authorities. However, there is also a route whereby a private individual may prosecute such proceedings himself. This may be necessary where a local authority fails to act or where the action is against the local authority itself. Section 82 of the Environmental Protection Act I 990 (‘EPA J 990’) enables ·person aggrieved’ by a statutory nuisance to bring proceedings2 in the magistrates’ court against the person responsible.
Overview Of Evidential Issues And Preparation For Court
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind , Pointing John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘The procedures for prosecuting for failure to comply with an abatement notice under section 80(4) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (‘EPA 1990’), appealing against an abatement notice under section 80(3), or bringing summary proceedings under section 82(1), follow the usual procedural routes for such proceedings in magistrates’ courts.1 However, there are certain aspects in relation to statutory nuisance cases where particular problems and issues may arise. Notable amongst these are the evidential issues relating to the investigation of the nuisance and the use of expert technical and scientific evidence. The rules of advance disclosure can also frequently cause difficulties in practice.
The Acquisition of Symbolic Capital by Consultants: The French Case
Authors: Henry Odile 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The consultant claims to be an expert and to be vested with a symbolic power (Bourdieu 1987), that is a power to produce, by making a diagnosis, an opinion acknowledged as official and transcending individual interests. The power of the expert and, to a lesser extent, the power of the consultant, is a power that creates social reality, by consecrating or revealing that which already exists. When company executives treat the work of the consultant as a farce, claiming that the consultant is only using their opinions, they underline the symbolic (or magical) aspect of that power which enables a consultant to transform a commonly held and hitherto ignored opinion into an official vision of the company and its failures.
Managers as Marionettes? Using Fashion Theories to Explain the Success of Consultancies
Authors: Kieser Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The consulting market is exploding (Ernst and Kieser 2002). In industrialized coun tries the revenues of consultancies grow yearly by 10 to 30 per cent (EDU 1998; Hasek 1997; Rassam and Oates 1991). The market for management books, seminars, confer ences, magazines, etc.-the market of management fashions-is also exploding. It is a central hypothesis of this chapter that the correlation between the two markets is not coincidental. It is shown that by producing management concepts, some of which succeed in becoming management fashions, consultancies are able to create a demand for their services. First, an attempt is made to clarify what a management fashion is.
Promoting Demand, Gaining Legitimacy, and Broadening Expertise: The Evolution of Consultancy-Client Relationships in Australia
Authors: Wright Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years a growing literature has highlighted the role of management consultancies in the diffusion of management knowledge. Consultancies have been identified as particularly adept at transforming abstract ideas into commercial products that can be sold to a wide range of clients (Fincham 1995; Wooldridge 1997). More generally, researchers have stressed the role of consultancies as ‘fashion setters’, which have a major impact upon the types of management knowledge that are diffused and the preferred models of organizational restructuring (DiMaggio and Powell 1983; Gill and Whittle 1992; Buczynski 1993b; Abrahamson 1996). Within much of this literature, consultants are portrayed as confident and successful, creating a demand for their services through the skilful manipulation of anxious and gullible managers (O’Shea and Madigan 1997; Ashford 1998; Pinault 2000; Kieser in Chapter 10, above).
Behavioural Studies of Tax Practice
Authors: Hasseldine John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nature of tax practice has radically changed in recent years. Purdie and Roberts (1995) note that tax clients now expect a tax accountant to be a business adviser, and not just a source of technical tax knowledge and provider of routine compliance. Second, there have been a number of changes in practice management, and ﬁnally there has been a growth in the technical competence and expertise required by professional tax accountants.
Bank Runs and Financial Crises: A Discussion
Authors: Rochet Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed an impressive wave of banking and financial crises, hitting a very large number of countries. For example, Lindgren et al. (1996) report that roughly three-quarters (130 out of 180) of IMF member countries experienced serious banking problems between 1980 and 1995. The cumulative output loss of these crises was huge: A recent study by the IMF (1998) evaluates the average loss per country to 11.6 percent of GDP. Even more impressive, the same study evaluates the cost of more recent crises in 1998 to more than 40 percent of GDP in Argentina, Indonesia, Korea, and Malaysia.
Comparative Financial Systems: A Discussion
Authors: Allen Franklin , Gale Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of a financial system is to channel funds from agents with surpluses to agents with deficits. In the traditional literature there have been two approaches to analyzing this process. The first is to consider how agents interact through financial markets. The second looks at the operation of financial intermediaries such as banks and insurance companies. Fifty years ago, the financial system could be neatly bifurcated in this way. Rich households and large firms used the equity and bond markets, while less wealthy households and medium and small firms used banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions. Table 1, for example, shows the ownership of corporate equities in 1950. Households owned over 90 percent. By 2000 it can be seen that the situation had changed dramatically.
Issue Preclusion
Authors: Barnett Peter R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Issue preclusion—where brought about by recognising the judgment at common law and pleading issue estoppel thereon—prevents a party or privy in subsequent proceedings from contradicting an issue that has already been distinctly raised and decided between the same parties or privies. This is because:
[a] judical determination directly involving an issue of fact or of law disposes once and for all of the issue, so that it cannot be raised [again] between the same parties.
The Preclusive Effects of Judgments Recognised under the Brussels and Lugano Conventions
Authors: Barnett Peter R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not all foreign civil and commercial judgments are recognised in 7.01 England according to the common law rules. The jurisdiction and judgments recognition scheme synonymous with the Brussels Convention of 1968 (as amended) and the Lugano Convention of 1988 (as amended)—both of which are implemented in the United Kingdom by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982—accounts for the recognition of civil and commercial judgments that emanate from the courts and tribunals of Contracting States, ostensibly the countries of the European Union and the European Free Trade Association.
The Preclusive Effects of a Foreign Judgment Recognised under the Proposed Hague Convention
Authors: Barnett Peter R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Largely as a consequence of the Brussels and Lugano Conventions 8.01 discussed in ch 7 above, the countries of Western Europe enjoy a ‘common judicial market’ throughout which judgments in civil and commercial matters circulate freely. No doubt the success of this European Judgments Convention scheme is one factor that has inspired efforts to regulate international jurisdiction ‘and thereby provide a court network, to match or better the existing arbitration system, on a global scale’.
Edith T. Penrose and Ronald H. Coase on the Nature of the Firm and the Nature of Industry
Authors: Ravix Joël Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Edith Penrose’s book entitled The Theory of the Growth of the Finn was pub lished about 20 years after Ronald Coase’s famous article on The Nature of the Finn, these two authors share the same object of study, namely the ‘real-world’ firm, and both emphasise the disadvantages arising from the lack of a genuine economic theory of the firm. Nevertheless they ignored each other for a long time, and it is only recently that a minor connection between them has appeared. In the new preface of the third edition of her book, Penrose (1995) recalls the publication of Coase’s article without any comment. In the same way, Coase (1988) only quotes Martin Slater’s foreword to the second edition of Penrose’s book.