bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the design of fault detection filters with game‐theoretic‐optimal sensitivity
Authors: De Persis C. , Isidori A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe problem of residual generation for fault detection and isolation in the presence of measurement noise for a class of nonlinear systems is considered. Exploiting the tools and the results of the geometric approach to the problem of residual generation, a method is proposed for the design of a filter which attenuates the effect of the measurement noise on the residual in the case in which the effect of the fault on the residual is minimal. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of seasonality and duration of flooding on zooplankton in experimental billabongs
Authors: Nielsen D. L. , Hillman T. J. , Smith F. J. , Shiel R. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe regulation of Australian lowland rivers such as the River Murray has resulted in changes to the flooding characteristics of many associated wetlands. It has been suggested that these changes in flooding have changed the pattern of response of many wetland biota. The substantial variability in the size and shape of these wetlands makes limited field observations difficult to interpret. To overcome this variability 16 experimental billabongs were constructed in which factors that may cause changes to populations within billabongs could be manipulated. In this paper we report on experiments that test the hypothesis that changing the pattern of flooding alters the density and diversity of rotifers and microcrustaceans in billabongs. The experimental billabongs were sampled fortnightly for two years. During this time four flood events were imposed. Flooding of the experimental billabongs resulted in increased microcrustacean abundance. Rotifer abundance rarely increased following flooding. Changing the time of flooding did not modify this response. Observed changes in community structure following flooding result from changes in the relative densities of taxa already present rather than changes in the community composition. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency of fish ladders for neotropical ichthyofauna
Authors: Agostinho Angelo Antonio , Gomes Luiz Carlos , Fernandez Domingo Rodriguez , Suzuki Harumi Irene 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe reproductive strategies of potamodromous fish of the Plata basin involve upstream migration and passive downstream movements of eggs and larvae for dozens of kilometres. At the end of the downstream movements, the fry need marginal lagoons or bays in order for their development to be successful. The construction of reservoirs, often in series, has interrupted the movements, and is perhaps the main factor in the decrease in the abundance of migratory fish in the basin. In an attempt to lessen the impact on the upstream migrations, fish passages (floodgates, elevators and mainly ladders) have been constructed and, despite limitations, they have functioned with relative success. Some studies show the continuity of the migration of individuals captured downstream and released into the reservoir. However, downstream migration of adult migratory species is made difficult by the fact that they are, in this phase, generally reophylic (live in running water) and occupy only the upper stretches of reservoirs (fluvial and transitional zones). It would be feasible only in short reservoirs and with a very short residence time. The fact that reservoirs present calm waters, more transparency and contain a large number of small fish could delay the passive drift of eggs and larvae, exposing them to intense predation and/or promoting their settling toward deeper water, where the conditions of oxygenation are generally critical. In the remote event that the larvae reach the dam, most of them cannot be attracted to ladders (elevators are conceived only for upstream movements) or driven away from the reservoir vicinities, in as much as they have passive movements and would therefore suffer great mortality if they passed through turbines or a spillway. In reservoirs with large free stretches upstream and endowed with ample natural floodplain areas, transposition can be an useful instrument in the maintenance of genetic heterogeneity since the number of transposed specimens does not compromise the stocks of the lower stretch. These limitations, connected to the strategy of neotropical fishes, make fish passages in most situations an inadequate instrument for preservational management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bond percolation critical probability bounds for three Archimedean lattices
Authors: Wierman John C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRigorous bounds for the bond percolation critical probability are determined for three Archimedean lattices: .7385 < pc((3, 122) bond) < .7449, .6430 < pc((4, 6, 12) bond) < .7376, .6281 < pc((4, 82) bond) < .7201. Consequently, the bond percolation critical probability of the (3, 122) lattice is strictly larger than those of the other ten Archimedean lattices. Thus, the (3, 122) bond percolation critical probability is possibly the largest of any vertex‐transitive graph with bond percolation critical probability that is strictly less than one. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 20: 507–518, 2002
On mixing times for stratified walks on the d‐cube
Authors: Garcia Nancy , Palacios José Luis 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUsing the electric and coupling approaches, we derive a series of results concerning the mixing times for the stratified random walk on the d‐cube, inspired in the results of Chung and Graham (1997) [Random Struct. Alg., 11, 199–122]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 20: 540–552, 2002
The decomposition threshold for bipartite graphs with minimum degree one
Authors: Yuster Raphael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLet H be a fixed bipartite graph with δ(H) = 1. It is shown that if G is any graph with n vertices and minimum degree at least \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${n\over 2}\bigl(1 + o_n(1)\bigr)$\end{document} and e(H) divides e(G), then G can be decomposed into e(G)/e(H) edge‐disjoint copies of H. This is best possible and significantly extends the result of an earlier paper by the author [8] which deals with the case where H is a tree. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 121–134, 2002
Revising and assessing explanatory models in a high school genetics class: A comparison of unsuccessful and successful performance
Authors: Johnson Susan K. , Stewart Jim 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper we describe the model‐revising problem‐solving strategies of two groups of students (one “successful,” one “unsuccessful”) as they worked (in a genetics course we developed) to revise Mendel's simple dominance model to explain the inheritance of a trait expressed in any of four variations. The two groups described in this paper were chosen with the intent that the strategies that they employed be used to inform the design of model‐based instruction. Differences were found in the groups' abilities to recognize anomalous data, use existing models as templates for revisions, and assess revised models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 86:463–480, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10015
Topology‐adaptive modeling of objects using surface evolutions based on 3D mathematical morphology
Authors: Hara Kenji , Zha Hongbin , Hasegawa Tsutomu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLevel set methods were proposed mainly by mathematicians for constructing a model of a 3D object of arbitrary topology. However, those methods are computationally inefficient due to repeated distance transformations and increased dimensions. In the paper, we propose a new method of modeling fast objects of arbitrary topology by using a surface evolution approach based on mathematical morphology. Given sensor data covering the whole object surface, the method begins with an initial approximation of the object by evolving a closed surface into a model topologically equivalent to the real object. The refined approximation is then performed using energy minimization. The method has been applied in several experiments using range data, and the results are reported in the paper. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(9): 58–67, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1152
Implementation and performance evaluation of a FIFO queue class library for time warp
Authors: Hidaka Soichiro , Aoki Terumasa , Aida Hitoshi , Saito Tadao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe authors describe the implementation, use, and performance evaluation of a FIFO queue class library by means of high‐performance, easy‐to‐use interface employed for queuing simulations in parallel discrete simulations based on the time warp method. Various general‐purpose simulation libraries and languages have been proposed, and among these some have the advantage of not requiring users to define anything other than the state vector, and not needing awareness of rollback under a platform which performs state control based on copies. However, because the state vectors must be defined as simple data structures without pointers, dynamic data structures such as a FIFO queue cannot be handled directly. Under the proposed class library, both the platform and the user can handle such structures in the same fashion that embedded data structures are handled. In addition, instead of all stored data, just the operational history can be stored and recovered efficiently at an effectively minimal cost by taking advantage of the first‐in–first‐out characteristics of the above data structures. When the kernel deletes past state histories during a simulation, garbage collection is also performed transparently using the corresponding method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(9): 90–98, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1155
Optimal low‐energy SIMS conditions for characterizing ZrO2/Si interfaces
Authors: Jiang Z. X. , Chen S. , Sieloff D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDevelopment of high‐K gate dielectric materials has placed a stringent demand for inspection tools with ultrahigh depth resolving power and detection sensitivity. Low‐energy SIMS is potentially the technique of choice provided that the analytical related artifacts are well understood and efficiently suppressed. In this work we profiled superficial and buried metal–organic chemical vapour deposited ZrO2 films and investigated the artifacts involved in SIMS profiling at various beam conditions. It was demonstrated that O2+ beams at near‐normal incidence yielded extremely broad Zr down‐slopes in Si, an artifact likely due to a pronounced preferential sputtering of Si when the instantaneous surface reached the ZrO2/Si interfaces. Suppression of this artifact can be realized by probing O2+ beams at oblique incidence, favorably at 60° for a 1 keV O2+. Nevertheless, the normal‐incidence O2+ beam remained optimal for characterizing the up‐slope of Zr at the polycrystalline Si (polySi)/ZrO2 interface, owing to the minimized matrix effects and suppressed surface roughness. For profiling a gate stack (polySi/ZrO2/Si) at oblique incidences, the high depth resolution of low‐energy SIMS was hindered by the pronounced roughness in poly‐Si. This can be remedied by ion beam smoothing of the poly‐Si prior to SIMS profiling. Using the optimal SIMS conditions, we profiled poly‐Si/ZrO2/Si wafers with and without dopant activation anneal. The SIMS data revealed significant reactions between ZrO2 and Si upon thermal anneal at 1025°C for 10 s. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static SIMS analysis of random poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)
Authors: Shard A. G. , Clarke S. , Davies M. C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRandom poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been studied by XPS and SIMS. It is demonstrated that the mole fraction of lactide units in the copolymer can be determined by analysis of selected ion intensities in the SIMS spectra. The results are in good agreement with XPS data and the SIMS ion yields of the four ions in the (3M–O)·+ series from PLGA are shown to be almost identical. The relative ion intensities in this series closely match the binomial distribution expected from a random copolymer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum likelihood estimation in the joint analysis of time‐to‐event and multiple longitudinal variables
Authors: Lin Haiqun , McCulloch Charles E. , Mayne Susan T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractJoint modelling of longitudinal and survival data has received much attention in recent years. Most have concentrated on a single longitudinal variable. This paper considers joint modelling in the presence of multiple longitudinal variables. We explore direct association of time‐to‐event and multiple longitudinal processes through a frailty model and use a mixed effects model for each of the longitudinal variables. Correlations among the longitudinal variables are induced through correlated random effects. We allow effects of categorical and continuous covariates on both longitudinal and time‐to‐event responses and explore interactions between the longtudinal variables and other covariates on time‐to‐event. Estimates of the parameters are obtained by maximizing the joint likelihood for the longitudinal variable processes and the event process. We use a one‐step‐late EM algorithm to handle the direct dependence of the event process on the modelled longitudinal variables along with the presence of other fixed covariates in both processes. We argue that such a joint analysis with multiple longitudinal variables is advantageous to one with only a single longitudinal variable in revealing interplay among multiple longitudinal variables and the time‐to‐event. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge inventories and managerial myopia
Authors: Miller Kent D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractManaging knowledge inventories is the central issue posed by the knowledge‐based view of the firm. Knowledge inventory management involves acquiring, retaining, deploying, idling, and abandoning technologies. Because of future opportunities to switch technologies over time, managing knowledge inventories requires valuing flexibility. Real option theory presents normative conceptual frameworks and pricing formulas for valuing flexibility. These formulas assume managers consider the full time horizon of technologies as well as all available substituting and complementary technologies. This study considers the implications of violations of these assumptions (i.e., temporal and spatial myopia) for managers' technology investment decisions. Specifying decision criteria under alternative forms of myopia reveals possible sources and patterns of technology management decision errors. This study highlights the cognitive sources of path dependencies and organizational rigidities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The philosophy of strategy
Authors: Powell Thomas C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe recent increase in philosophy of science articles in strategic management reflects researchers' rising concerns with understanding and securing the field's intellectual foundations. This article argues for a proactive approach to the philosophy of strategy, and for the rejection of conventional, ‘off‐the‐shelf’ philosophies that neither contemplated, nor can assimilate, the epistemological messiness and action‐connectedness of strategic management. The article responds to Rodolphe Durand's critique, revisits the logic of competitive advantage, and makes the case for a pragmatist philosophy of strategy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Product development strategies for established market pioneers, early followers, and late entrants
Authors: Robinson William T. , Chiang Jeongwen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAt the time of entry, market pioneers are known for emphasizing major product development projects. After being in the market for many years, however, do market pioneers, early followers, and late entrants maintain different product development strategies? Data from 2273 established manufacturing businesses reveal that market pioneers have the highest probability of engaging in product development, which covers product R&D spending as well as new product sales. Even so, market pioneers and early followers tend to emphasize minor projects, such as product improvements and line extensions. Late entrants are less likely to engage in product development, but those that do tend to emphasize major development efforts. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When do acquirers earn abnormal returns?
Authors: Capron Laurence , Pistre Nathalie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study, we explore the conditions under which acquirers earn abnormal returns. We provide an empirical test of Barney and Chatterjee's arguments by examining the role of the respective resource contribution of the target and the acquirer. Combining an event study with a survey of postacquisition resource transfer on a sample of 101 horizontal acquisitions, we find that acquirers do not earn abnormal returns when they only receive resources from the target. In this case, it is likely that multiple bidders, which could have equally captured these resources, competed away all the abnormal returns from the successful bidder. In contrast, we find that acquirers can expect to earn abnormal returns when they transfer their own resources to the target. Overall, we find that value creation does not ensure value capture for the acquirer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parametric mapping of [18F]FPCIT binding in early stage Parkinson's disease: A PET study
Authors: Ma Y. , Dhawan V. , Mentis M. , Chaly T. , Spetsieris P.G. , Eidelberg D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have shown that fluorinated N‐3‐fluoropropyl‐2‐beta‐carboxymethoxy‐3‐beta‐(4‐iodophenyl) nortropane ([18F]FPCIT) and PET offer a valuable means of quantifying regional abnormality in dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to delineate the topographic distribution of DAT binding in early stage idiopathic PD using statistical parametric analysis of [18F]FPCIT PET data. We performed dynamic PET studies in 15 hemi‐parkinsonian (Hoehn & Yahr I) patients and 10 age‐matched normal volunteers over 100 min and calculated images of [18F]FPCIT binding ratios on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was then used to localize binding reductions in PD and to compute the absolute change relative to normal. [18F]FPCIT binding decreased significantly in the contralateral posterior putamen of the PD group (P < 0.001, corrected). A significant reduction was also seen in the ipsilateral putamen, which was smaller in extent but localized more posteriorly. A quantitative comparison of DAT binding in the two clusters showed that the onset of motor symptoms in PD was associated with an approximate 70% loss relative to the normal mean in the contralateral posterior putamen. These results suggest that SPM analysis of [18F]FPCIT PET data can be used to quantify and map abnormalities in DAT activity within the human striatum. This method provides a useful tool to track the onset and progression of PD at its earliest stages. Synapse 45:125–133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of glutamatergic systems on in vivo binding of [125I]β‐CIT in the brain of a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kagawa Shinya , Nakano Takayuki , Inoue Osamu , Nishimura Tsunehiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of MK‐801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on both in vivo and in vitro binding of [125I]β‐CIT (RTI‐55) was investigated in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. The binding experiments were performed 2 weeks after unilateral intranigral microinjection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). In the in vitro binding study, no alterations in [125I]β‐CIT binding in rat brain sections were observed after addition of MK‐801, 0.03 μM or 3 μM, to the incubation medium. However, in vivo [125I]β‐CIT binding to the dopamine transporter in both nonlesioned and 6‐OHDA‐lesioned striatum was significantly increased by pretreatment with MK‐801. In vivo [125I]β‐CIT binding to the serotonin (5HT) transporter in nonlesioned cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and thalamus was also significantly increased by MK‐801. However, the degree of change in the specific binding of [125I]β‐CIT induced by MK‐801 was smaller in the lesioned cerebral cortex. Kinetic analysis, by a simplified three‐compartment model with the cerebellum as the reference region, revealed that these alterations in the in vivo [125I]β‐CIT binding induced by MK‐801 were mainly due to changes in the rate constants of in vivo binding, the input rate constant, k3, and the output rate constant, k4. These results indicate that the glutamatergic system significantly affects the function of dopamine transporters in the degenerated dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Synapse 46:38–44, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Aza‐Heterocycles from Oximes by Amino‐Heck Reaction
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOxidative addition of oximes to palladium(0) complexes generates alkylideneaminopalladium‘II’ species, which are utilized as key intermediates for carbon–nitrogen bond formation. Various aza‐heterocycles, such as pyrrole, pyridine, isoquinoline, spiroimine, and azaazulene, can be synthesized from O‐pentafluorobenzoyloximes having an olefinic moiety via an intramolecular Heck‐type reaction ‘amino‐Heck reaction’ by treatment with a catalytic amount of a Pd‘0’ complex. © 2002 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 2: 268–277, 2002: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10030
Implementation of a peer‐led team learning instructional approach in an undergraduate organic chemistry course
Authors: Tien Lydia T. , Roth Vicki , Kampmeier J.A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study focuses on the implementation of a peer‐led team learning (PLTL) instructional approach for all students in an undergraduate organic chemistry course and the evaluation of student outcomes over 8 years. Students who experienced the student‐centered instruction and worked in small groups facilitated by a peer leader (treatment) in 1996–1999 were compared with students who experienced the traditional recitation section (control) in 1992–1994. Quantitative and qualitative data show statistically significant improvements in student performance, retention, and attitudes about the course. These findings suggest that using undergraduate leaders to implement a peer‐led team learning model that is built on a social constructivist foundation is a workable mechanism for effecting change in undergraduate science courses. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 606–632, 2002
Reluctance to use technology‐related products: Development of a technophobia scale
Authors: Sinkovics Rudolf R. , Stöttinger Barbara , Schlegelmilch Bodo B. , Ram Sundaresan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany consumers feel overloaded by the complexity of technology‐related products. This renders

consumers less open to them and may even lead to an aversion or anxiety toward these kind of products: in other

words, so‐called technophobia.This article aims to establish an instrument that measures technophobia. Following a literature review and

in‐depth interviews with experts, a scale is developed and tested in seven different countries

(United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, India, Mexico, and Austria; total sample size =

1,503 respondents). The three underlying dimensions of the scale—“Personal Failure,”

“Human vs. Machine Ambiguity,” and “Convenience”—are discussed, and future

research avenues to strengthen the cross‐national usability of the scale are identified. © 2002

Wiley Periodicals, Inc.