bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of using antibiotics to prevent post-operative complications in oral implant treatment: evidence-based review
Authors: Ikram Javed , Shado Rawand , Pereira Ines Novo , Madruga David , Hassan Haidar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aims
To identify and critically appraise available evidence on the efficacy and safety of antibiotics in preventing complications following oral implant placement treatment.

Methods
An electronic search was performed using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases up to July/21 for the purpose of answering the research question: In[healthy adults treated with dental implants]the use of[different antibiotics before or immediately after treatment]in comparison to[treatment without antibiotics]is safe and effective in terms of[infection, pain, swelling, wound dehiscence, soft tissue healing, early/late implant failure]? Following the Best Evidence Topic methodology, the included studies were categorised based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) ratings. The critical appraisal skills programme CASP checklist was used for the methodological analysis. The risk of bias assessment was performed according to the Cochrane Methodology for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

Results
26 of the 245 initially identified articles met our inclusion criteria for analysis after applying rigorous filters. The included human studies demonstrated significant methodological heterogeneity, precluding meta-analysis. These studies spanned evidence levels II to IV, as per OCEBM 2011 classifications, with the United States contributing the most studies (19.2%, n = 5), all at level III. The United Kingdom and Spain followed with three studies each (11.5% each), two from the UK and one from Spain classified at level II. Most studies had less than 1 year of follow-up (21%). Our analysis included 26 studies, with 38 antibiotic patient groups totalling 7459 patients. Amoxicillin was the predominant antibiotic, with various dosage regimens. Complications were observed in studies across different amoxicillin regimens at a cumulative incidence of 5%.

Conclusion
The evidence on antibiotics to prevent implant failure presents uncertain and heterogeneous findings. High-risk bias and underpowered studies were prevalent. Future research should prioritise multicentre, double-blinded RCTs with larger samples and longer follow-ups. Structured methodologies, antibiotic stewardship, and adherence to guidelines are needed. Amoxicillin (2 g) was commonly prescribed, but guidelines recommend 3 g, which results in relatively low complications yet there is limited evidence to support it. Clindamycin was favoured for penicillin allergies, but caution is advised due to potential implant failure risk. Consistent use of antiseptic mouthwash was observed. Future research should explore alternatives to antibiotics and antibiotic stewardship. Establishing a well-funded research consortium could yield conclusive results for clinical practice.
IDO1 facilitates esophageal carcinoma progression by driving the direct binding of NF-κB and CXCL10
Authors: Yao Wenjian , Cui Xiaohai , Peng Haodong , Zhang Yongkang , Jia Xiangbo , Wu Sen , Zhao Jian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEsophageal carcinoma (EC), one of the most lethal human malignancies, lacks effective targeted therapies. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in a variety of cancers, but its role and mechanism in EC are still unclear. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of IDO1 in EC, and the prognostic value of IDO1 in EC was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier test. The in vitro and in vivo function loss/acquisition tests were performed to evaluate the biological effects of IDO1 in EC. The mechanism of action of IDO1-regulation EC was explored through Firefly luciferase & Renilla luciferase activity reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. Clinically, IDO1 expression was abnormally elevated in EC and positively correlated with overall survival. Functionally, IDO1 was contributed to the proliferation and migration of EC cells. Mechanically, IDO1 regulated the expression of chemokine C-X-C ligand 10 (CXCL10) by promoting the entry of NF-κB into the nucleus to combine with the promoter of CXCL10. Consistently, IDO1 facilitated EC progression may dependent on the presence of CXCL10. Moreover, NF-κB alleviated the inhibitory effect of IDO1 knockdown on EC. IDO1 drove the progression of EC by directly binding NF-κB and CXCL10, the finding that may provide an effective theoretical basis for precise therapies for EC.
Automated mixing of maximally localized Wannier functions into target manifolds
Authors: Qiao Junfeng , Pizzi Giovanni , Marzari Nicola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMaximally localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) are widely used in electronic-structure calculations. We have recently developed automated approaches to generate MLWFs that represent natural tight-binding sets of atomic-like orbitals; these describe accurately both the occupied states and the complementary unoccupied ones. For many applications, it is required to use MLWFs that describe instead certain target groups of bands: the valence or the conduction bands, or correlated manifolds. Here, we start from these tight-binding sets of MLWFs, and mix them using a combination of parallel transport and maximal localization to construct manifold-remixed Wannier functions (MRWFs): these are orthogonal sets of MLWFs that fully and only span desired target submanifolds. The algorithm is simple and robust, and is showcased here in reference applications (silicon, MoS2, and SrVO3) and in a mid-throughput study of 77 insulators.
Data-driven structural analysis of small cell lung cancer transcription factor network suggests potential subtype regulators and transition pathways
Authors: Ozen Mustafa , Lopez Carlos F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease and challenging to treat due to its mixture of transcriptional subtypes and subtype transitions. Transcription factor (TF) networks have been the focus of studies to identify SCLC subtype regulators via systems approaches. Yet, their structures, which can provide clues on subtype drivers and transitions, are barely investigated. Here, we analyze the structure of an SCLC TF network by using graph theory concepts and identify its structurally important components responsible for complex signal processing, called hubs. We show that the hubs of the network are regulators of different SCLC subtypes by analyzing first the unbiased network structure and then integrating RNA-seq data as weights assigned to each interaction. Data-driven analysis emphasizes MYC as a hub, consistent with recent reports. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the pathways connecting functionally distinct hubs may control subtype transitions and test this hypothesis via network simulations on a candidate pathway and observe subtype transition. Overall, structural analyses of complex networks can identify their functionally important components and pathways driving the network dynamics. Such analyses can be an initial step for generating hypotheses and can guide the discovery of target pathways whose perturbation may change the network dynamics phenotypically.
mRNA vaccine encoding Gn provides protection against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in mice
Authors: Kim Jae-Yong , Jeon Kyeongseok , Park Sang-In , Bang Yoo-Jin , Park Hyeong-Jun , Kwak Hye Won , Kim Do-Hyung , Lee Soo-Yeon , Choi Eun-Jin , Cho Nam-Hyuk , Nam Jae-Hwan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe developed a promising mRNA vaccine against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus that is primarily transmitted through tick bites. Administration of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-Gn successfully induced neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in mice. The vaccinated mice were protected against a lethal SFTS virus challenge, suggesting that this mRNA vaccine may be an effective and successful SFTS vaccine candidate.
Pre-oxidized ultramicroporous carbon cloth with ultrahigh volumetric capacity and ultralong lifespan for capacitive desalination
Authors: Zhao Xinyuan , Zheng Yongshuo , Zheng Zhilong , Guo Zhizhong , Sun Tulai , Qin Jiayi , Qiu Na , Zhang Zhenyu , Wen Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCapacitive deionization is a promising desalination technique to tackle with freshwater scarcity, due to its facile, energy-efficient and eco-friendly operation. Carbon materials are primary electrode materials in capacitive deionization devices; however, their practical applications are limited by the low salt adsorption capacity and poor cycling stability. Here, we report a pre-oxidized strategy to significantly improve the salt adsorption capacity and cycling lifespan of carbon clothes. By the simple pre-oxidation treatment, it creates abundant ultramicropores and a superhydrophilic surface, which lead to a high salt adsorption capacity (31.5 mg g−1 and 13 mg cm−3) in 0.01 M NaCl aqueous solution. Moreover, the surface of each carbon fiber is oxidized, combined with a high mechanical strength, resulting in a stable surface during the cycling process. The retention rate is 74% even after 5000 adsorption/desorption cycles in diluted seawater. This work provides a new avenue to the design of high-performance, low-cost, and durable electrodes for capacitive deionization applications.
Observation and imitation of object-directed hand movements in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bek Judith , Gowen Emma , Vogt Stefan , Crawford Trevor J. , Poliakoff Ellen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAction observation and imitation may facilitate movement in Parkinson’s disease (PD). People with PD have been found to imitate intransitive actions similarly to neurologically healthy older adults, but their imitation of object-directed hand movements has not previously been investigated using kinematic measures. The present study examined observation and imitation of object-directed hand movements in 18 participants with PD and 21 neurologically healthy age-matched control participants. Participants observed and immediately imitated sequences showing a human hand reaching for and transferring an object between horizontal positions. Both groups significantly modulated their finger movements, showing higher vertical amplitude when imitating elevated compared to direct trajectories. In addition, movements were lower in vertical amplitude and higher in velocity when imitating the reaching segment than the transfer segment. Eye-tracking revealed that controls made smaller saccades when observing predictable than unpredictable elevated movements, but no effects of predictability on eye movements were found for the PD group. This study provides quantitative evidence that people with mild to moderate PD can imitate object-directed hand movement kinematics, although their prediction of such movements may be reduced. These findings suggest that interventions targeting object-directed actions may capitalize on the ability of people with PD to imitate kinematic parameters of a demonstrated movement.
A hybrid CNN-Random Forest algorithm for bacterial spore segmentation and classification in TEM images
Authors: Qamar Saqib , Öberg Rasmus , Malyshev Dmitry , Andersson Magnus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present a new approach to segment and classify bacterial spore layers from Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images using a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Random Forest (RF) classifier algorithm. This approach utilizes deep learning, with the CNN extracting features from images, and the RF classifier using those features for classification. The proposed model achieved 73% accuracy, 64% precision, 46% sensitivity, and 47% F1-score with test data. Compared to other classifiers such as AdaBoost, XGBoost, and SVM, our proposed model demonstrates greater robustness and higher generalization ability for non-linear segmentation. Our model is also able to identify spores with a damaged core as verified using TEMs of chemically exposed spores. Therefore, the proposed method will be valuable for identifying and characterizing spore features in TEM images, reducing labor-intensive work as well as human bias.
Effect of multimorbidity on hypertension management
Authors: Ji Eunjeong , Ahn Soyeon , Choi Jung-Yeon , Kim Cheol-Ho , Kim Kwang-il 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultimorbidity, the coexistence of multiple health conditions, is associated with functional decline, disability, and mortality. We aimed to investigate the effects of multimorbidity on hypertension treatment and control rates by analyzing data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, which is a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean government. Multimorbidity, defined as having two or more chronic diseases, was evaluated by blood pressure measurements, blood chemistry examinations, and questionnaires. We classified the participants according to the number of multimorbidities from 0 to ≥ 6. Association analysis was performed to identify the patterns of multimorbidity related to hypertension control. From 2016 to 2020, 30,271 adults (≥ 20 years) were included in the analysis (age: 52.1 ± 16.8 years, male: 44.0%), and 14,278 (47.2%) had multimorbidity. The number of chronic conditions was significantly higher in older adults, women, and hypertensive patients. Multimorbidity was associated with hypertension treatment. The number of chronic conditions was significantly higher in controlled compared to uncontrolled patients (3.6 ± 1.7 vs 2.9 ± 1.6, p < 0.001). But the control rate of hypertension among treated patients was lower in patients with multimorbidity (75.6% in hypertension only group vs 71.8% in multimorbidity group, p = 0.009). Multimorbidity patterns showed distinct features in treated and controlled hypertensive patients. In conclusion, multimorbidity has a beneficial effect on the treatment of hypertension, but the control rate of systolic blood pressure was lower among the patients with multimorbidity. More attention should be paid to the hypertensive patients with multimorbidity to improve the control rate of hypertension.
A theory of demographic optimality in forests
Authors: Moore Jon , Argles Arthur , Cox Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon uptake by the land is a key determinant of future climate change. Unfortunately, Dynamic Global Vegetation Models have many unknown internal parameters which leads to significant uncertainty in projections of the future land carbon sink. By contrast, observed forest inventories in both Amazonia and the USA show strikingly common tree-size distributions, pointing to a simpler modelling paradigm. The curvature of these size-distributions is related to the ratio of mortality to growth in Demographic Equilibrium Theory (DET). We extend DET to include recruitment limited by competitive exclusion from existing trees. From this, we find simultaneous maxima of tree density and biomass in terms of respectively the ratio of mortality to growth and the proportion of primary productivity allocated to reproduction, an idea we call Demographic Optimality (DO). Combining DO with the ratio of mortality to growth common to the US and Amazon forests, results in the prediction that about an eighth of productivity should be allocated to reproduction, which is broadly consistent with observations. Another prediction of the model is that seed mortality should decrease with increasing seed size, such that the advantage of having many small seeds is nullified by the higher seed mortality. Demographic Optimality is therefore consistent with the common shape of tree-size distributions seen in very different forests, and an allocation to reproduction that is independent of seed size.
Lacustrine sedimentation by powerful storm waves in Gale crater and its implications for a warming episode on Mars
Authors: Heydari Ezat , Schroeder Jeffrey F. , Calef Fred J. , Parker Timothy J. , Fairén Alberto G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis investigation documents that the Rugged Terrain Unit, the Stimson formation, and the Greenheugh sandstone were deposited in a 1200 m-deep lake that formed after the emergence of Mt. Sharp in Gale crater, Mars, nearly 4 billion years ago. In fact, the Curiosity rover traversed on a surface that once was the bottom of this lake and systematically examined the strata that were deposited in its deepest waters on the crater floor to layers that formed along its shoreline on Mt. Sharp. This provided a rare opportunity to document the evolution of one aqueous episode from its inception to its desiccation and to determine the warming mechanism that caused it. Deep water lacustrine siltstones directly overlie conglomerates that were deposited by mega floods on the crater floor. This indicates that the inception phase of the lake was sudden and took place when flood waters poured into the crater. The lake expanded quickly and its shoreline moved up the slope of Mt. Sharp during the lake-level rise phase and deposited a layer of sandstone with large cross beds under the influence of powerful storm waves. The lake-level highstand phase was dominated by strong bottom currents that transported sediments downhill and deposited one of the most distinctive sedimentological features in Gale crater: a layer of sandstone with a 3 km-long field of meter-high subaqueous antidunes (the Washboard) on Mt. Sharp. Bottom current continued downhill and deposited sandstone and siltstone on the foothills of Mt. Sharp and on the crater floor, respectively. The lake-level fall phase caused major erosion of lacustrine strata that resulted in their patchy distribution on Mt. Sharp. Eroded sediments were then transported to deep waters by gravity flows and were re-deposited as conglomerate and sandstone in subaqueous channels and in debris flow fans. The desiccation phase took place in calm waters of the lake. The aqueous episode we investigated was vigorous but short-lived. Its characteristics as determined by our sedimentological study matches those predicted by an asteroid impact. This suggests that the heat generated by an impact transformed Mars into a warm, wet, and turbulent planet. It resulted in planet-wide torrential rain, giant floods on land, powerful storms in the atmosphere, and strong waves in lakes. The absence of age dates prevents the determination of how long the lake existed. Speculative rates of lake-level change suggest that the lake could have lasted for a period ranging from 16 to 240 Ky.
Breast density analysis of digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Heine John , Fowler Erin E. E. , Weinfurtner R. Jared , Hume Emma , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMammography shifted to digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the US. An automated percentage of breast density (PD) technique designed for two-dimensional (2D) applications was evaluated with DBT using several breast cancer risk prediction measures: normalized-volumetric; dense volume; applied to the volume slices and averaged (slice-mean); and applied to synthetic 2D images. Volumetric measures were derived theoretically. PD was modeled as a function of compressed breast thickness (CBT). The mean and standard deviation of the pixel values were investigated. A matched case–control (CC) study (n = 426 pairs) was evaluated. Odd ratios (ORs) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. ORs were significant for PD: identical for volumetric and slice-mean measures [OR = 1.43 (1.18, 1.72)] and [OR = 1.44 (1.18, 1.75)] for synthetic images. A 2nd degree polynomial (concave-down) was used to model PD as a function of CBT: location of the maximum PD value was similar across CCs, occurring at 0.41 × CBT, and PD was significant [OR = 1.47 (1.21, 1.78)]. The means from the volume and synthetic images were also significant [ORs ~ 1.31 (1.09, 1.57)]. An alternative standardized 2D synthetic image was constructed, where each pixel value represents the percentage of breast density above its location. Several measures were significant and an alternative method for constructing a standardized 2D synthetic image was produced.
Knowledge-based intervention improves older adult recognition memory for novel activity, but not event segmentation or temporal order memory
Authors: Payne Karissa B. , Brazil Cristiane K. , Apel Maria , Bailey Heather 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough episodic memory declines with age, older adults are often able to make use of relevant knowledge to support episodic memory. More specifically, prior knowledge may support the perception of meaningful events through the process of event segmentation. We sought to test whether increasing older adults’ knowledge for novel activities (i.e., Tai chi, making gyozas) would improve segmentation and memory. We conducted an online, pre-registered intervention in which eighty older adults were recruited based on being novices in each of the targeted activities. Participants completed segmentation and memory tests before and after being randomly assigned to one of two interactive virtual workshops (learning how to practice Tai chi or make gyozas). Each workshop consisted of two one-hour sessions during which an expert provided information about the activity and demonstrated it in a step-by-step fashion. We found that the intervention led to increased learning and recognition memory for the trained activity; however, there were no significant improvements in segmentation behavior, free recall, or memory of sequential information. These findings indicate that either more knowledge training is necessary to affect segmentation, or that segmentation is guided by perceptual features in the environment rather than one’s conceptual understanding of the activity.
Biological and substitute parents in Beaker period adult–child graves
Authors: Zedda Nicoletta , Meheux Katie , Blöcher Jens , Diekmann Yoan , Gorelik Alexander V. , Kalle Martin , Klein Kevin , Titze Anna-Lena , Winkelbach Laura , Naish Elise , Brou Laurent , Valotteau François , Le Brun-Ricalens Foni , Burger Joachim , Brami Maxime 
Published: October 2023

AbstractJoint inhumations of adults and children are an intriguing aspect of the shift from collective to single burial rites in third millennium BC Western Eurasia. Here, we revisit two exceptional Beaker period adult–child graves using ancient DNA: Altwies in Luxembourg and Dunstable Downs in Britain. Ancestry modelling and patterns of shared IBD segments between the individuals examined, and contemporary genomes from Central and Northwest Europe, highlight the continental connections of British Beakers. Although simultaneous burials may involve individuals with no social or biological ties, we present evidence that close blood relations played a role in shaping third millennium BC social systems and burial practices, for example a biological mother and her son buried together at Altwies. Extended family, such as a paternal aunt at Dunstable Downs, could also act as ‘substitute parents’ in the grave. Hypotheses are explored to explain such simultaneous inhumations. Whilst intercommunity violence, infectious disease and epidemics may be considered as explanations, they fail to account for both the specific, codified nature of this particular form of inhumation, and its pervasiveness, as evidenced by a representative sample of 131 adult–child graves from 88 sites across Eurasia, all dating to the third and second millennia BC.