bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐Related Clinical and Neurophysiologic Characteristics of Intractable Epilepsy Associated with Cortical Malformation
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Ohtsuka Yoko , Ohno Shigeru , Tanaka Akio , Hiraki Yoshio , Oka Eiji 
Published: December 2004

Summary:  Purpose: To elucidate the relationship between the characteristics of cortical malformation (CM) and those of associated epilepsy, and also to investigate the prognostic value of the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for the seizure and mental outcome.Methods: We studied 41 patients with CM and epilepsy, and the patients were divided according to the age at onset of epilepsy into two groups: one group of 15 patients with very early onset before age 3 months, and the other group of 26 patients with onset at 3 months or later. Statistical relationship was examined between the types of dysplastic lesions demonstrated by MRI and the age at onset of epilepsy. The effects of the onset age and the features of CM on the outcome of seizures and mental or developmental state also were analyzed.Results: The very early‐onset epilepsy was related to the dysplastic patterns of reduced sulci and blurred cortical–subcortical junction, which suggested focal CM, whereas the later‐onset epilepsy was related to polymicrogyria. The age at onset of epilepsy was related to the poor seizure outcome, and both the onset age and wide distribution of CM were related to severe retardation.Conclusions: The type of CM influences the expression of associated epilepsy, especially its age‐related features. The age at onset of epilepsy plays an important role in the seizure and mental outcome.
Neuroradiologic Findings in Focal Cortical Dysplasia: Histologic Correlation with Surgically Resected Specimens
Authors: Matsuda Kazumi , Mihara Tadahiro , Tottori Takayasu , Otubo Toshiaki , Usui Naotaka , Baba Koichi , Matsuyama Nozomi , Yagi Kazuichi 
Published: December 2004

Summary:  Purpose: We investigated the neuroradiologic characteristics of focal findings of surgically resected specimens obtained from 47 patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).Methods: Forty cases were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and two cases were detected only by single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), but five cases could not be detected before operation.Results: MRI revealed abnormal gyri and sulci in 34 patients (pachygyric in 18, polymicrogyric in 10, both in six), and blurring of the gray matter–white matter junction in 29 (72%) patients. Signal abnormalities were found in 36 (90%) patients, in the gray matter in 32, with white matter in 30, and at the gray matter–white matter junction in 13. Moreover, peculiar patterns of abnormal signals in the white matter were recognized, including remarkably abnormal subcortical signals of T2 hyperintensity and T1 hypointensity adjacent to the dysplastic cortex in 15 cases, high radiated T2 signals extending from the ependymal surface of the lateral ventricle to the overlying cortex in 11 cases, and widespread abnormal signals in the white matter with gray matter involvement in four cases. Histologically, these abnormal signals corresponded to various degrees of dyslamination and morphologic abnormalities of neurons and glial cells in the gray matter, and to dysmyelination, ectopic clustering of dysplastic neurons, glial proliferation, and necrotic change in the white matter. Regional cerebral blood flow SPECT showed interictal hypoperfusion in 29 (62%) of the 47 patients, interictal hyperperfusion in two, and ictal hyperperfusion in 28 of the 34 patients associated with FCD. [123I]iomazenil SPECT demonstrating the distribution of central benzodiazepine receptors showed low accumulations localized spatially corresponding to the epileptogenic foci associated with FCD in seven of eight patients.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that neuroimaging reflects various structural and functional changes closely related to epileptogenesis in FCD.
Treatment of Benign Epilepsy Syndromes Throughout Life
Authors: Willmore L. James 
Published: December 2004

Summary:Classification of epilepsy has been refined to a degree that begins to allow identification of syndromes that are benign, if not in clinical pattern, at least with regard to ultimate outcome. Infants, children, adolescents, and even adults, on occasion, develop seizures that challenge judgment regarding selection of drugs and duration of treatment. Childhood absence epilepsy tends to follow a benign course, with abatement of need for treatment in many patients. However, in ∼40% of patients with onset of this syndrome, there is evolution to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), a form of seizure disorder that requires life‐long treatment. One syndrome that is clearly almost always benign is benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). This clinical problem is defined by complaints, observations of behavior, and by a specific electroencephalographic pattern. Some patients are not treated; many undergo brief administration of medication. Infantile convulsive seizures that may be partial or with myoclonus tend to be familial and require treatment for 1 or 2 years. Time is required to make a decision about treatment because observation over time is required to be sure patients are developing normally, a hallmark of these syndromes. Familial groupings of partial seizures in adolescents appear to follow a benign course, as do those in many elderly patients with seizures after cerebral infarction. Treatment decisions require clinical judgment and observations over time. Drug selection is governed more by experience of individual clinicians, because benign syndromes occur infrequently and prospective studies are seldom performed.
Special Needs of the Adolescent with Epilepsy
Authors: Nordli Douglas R. 
Published: December 2004

Summary:Adjustment to the inherent changes of adolescence is a challenge for many children, even healthy ones. Epilepsy may make successful adjustment even more difficult by disrupting self‐control, adversely affecting the ability to conform to one's peers, and interfering with independence. Epilepsy and its treatment may affect education, employment, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, sexual activity, and pregnancy. These issues, in turn, may affect seizure control. Matching the medicine to the patient is particularly important in teenagers, a group of patients with special needs. Common seizure syndromes presenting in adolescence are briefly reviewed and used to illustrate key issues that may arise in the selection of an antiepileptic medication (AED). Compliance, interaction with other medications including oral contraceptive medications, cosmetic effects, teratogenicity, and impact on behavior are all factors to be considered. Newer medications may have some advantages over older compounds in this regard, and evidence of their utility is reviewed in the specific context of the epilepsy syndromes. In addition to prescribing medication, other important parts of the therapeutic management involve education, counseling, support, and advocacy. To identify issues and to provide appropriate counseling, it is beneficial to devote some of the office visit to an independent interaction with the patient, apart from the parents. One study questionnaire indicated that nurse specialists may be particularly valuable in supporting and meeting the needs of patients in this age group. Some centers have developed elegant methods of helping the patient make the transition from child neurology to adult neurology.
The effect of attributes of Vigna spp. on the bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Sulehrie M. A. Q. , Golob P. , Tran B. M. D. , Farrell G. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Various parameters of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), such as ovipositional behaviour, development period, and ability of newly hatched larvae to utilise the host for further growth, are affected by host attributes that could be physical or chemical in nature. These factors were assessed using green‐ and black‐gram (Leguminosae) seed characteristics to explore whether they affected oviposition behaviour, fecundity, and breeding success in C. maculatus, and to determine whether the presence of cysteine proteinase inhibitor (CPI) within the seeds caused inhibition of proteinase activity in C. maculatus. Investigation revealed that green‐gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) varieties differed from black‐gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) varieties by having softer seeds with smoother seed coats. Green‐gram NM92 and the control had the heaviest seeds with the largest surface area and medium hardness, black‐gram had seeds with medium weight, medium surface area, and maximum hardness, and green‐gram NCM209 had the lightest seeds with smallest surface area and minimum hardness. Varieties with smooth seed coats and greater seed weight and surface area were preferred for oviposition. Grain texture was more important as an oviposition stimulus than grain surface area and size for the Islamabad biotype of C. maculatus. The level of CPI in seeds was not, on its own, responsible for the observed differences in insect development period or larval activity. Development period was shorter in green‐gram with softer seeds and was prolonged in black‐gram with harder seeds. Although C. maculatus did not suffer higher mortality in black‐gram seeds, the delay in development alone may lead to a considerable reduction in seed loss during storage, due to the low rate of multiplication and lower population growth.
Attraction of fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera to colored mimics of host fruit
Authors: Drew Richard A. I. , Prokopy Ronald J. , Romig Meredith C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn tests on feral populations of polyphagous Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) adults on host guava trees, both sexes were significantly more attracted to Tangletrap‐coated 50 mm diameter spheres colored blue or white than to similar spheres colored red, orange, yellow, green, or black or to Tangletrap‐coated 50 mm diameter yellow‐green guava fruit. In contrast, in tests on feral populations of oligophagous Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) on host wild tobacco plants, both sexes were significantly more attracted to Tangletrap‐coated 15 mm diameter spheres colored orange or yellow than to other colors of spheres or to Tangletrap‐coated 15 mm diameter green wild tobacco fruit. Both sexes of both tephritid species were significantly more attracted to blue (in the case of B. tryoni) or orange (in the case of B. cacuminata) 50 mm spheres displayed singly than to blue or orange 15 mm spheres displayed in clusters, even though fruit of wild tobacco plants are borne in clusters. Finally, B. tryoni adults were significantly less attracted to non‐ultraviolet reflecting bluish fruit‐mimicking spheres than to bluish fruit‐mimicking spheres having a slightly enhanced level of ultraviolet reflectance, similar to the reflectance of possible native host fruit of B. tryoni, whose bluish skin color is overlayed with ultraviolet‐reflecting waxy bloom. Responses to fruit visual stimuli found here are discussed relative to responses found in other tephritid species.
Experimental Study of the Method of Bubble Formation in Bubble Chambers
Authors: Goldburg Walter I. 
Published: December 2004

To help put a lower limit on the sensitive time of organic liquids commonly used in bubble chambers a static electric field of 15 kv/cm was applied across a small propane bubble chamber which was then expanded in the conventional manner when a beam of 450 Mev protons was passed through it. The bubble density along the tracks was measured with both field on and field off. Within statistics (±4%) no difference in bubble density was observed for the two cases.
To interpret this result it is assumed that δ rays produce bubbles if they deposit a certain minimum amount of energy within a critical volume of the liquid. It is then concluded from this experiment that either recombination effects are not important in bubble formation or that the recombination time of ions in a critical volume of propane is ≲ 10−11 sec. This figure appears to represent a reasonable theoretical estimate of the sensitive time of propane, liquid hydrogen, and liquid helium.
Children's early theory of mind: exploring the development of the concept of desire in monolingual Spanish children
Authors: Ferres Leo A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an analysis of the lexical term ‘querer’ (want) qua genuine reference to desire. The instances of ‘querer’ to be analyzed were taken from the naturally occurring speech of monolingual speakers of Spanish. Specifically, a database of 24,558 child utterances taken from the CHILDES system was analyzed. This corpus yielded 444 utterances with the desire term ‘querer’. The utterances belong to several children whose ages range from 21 to 46 months. The results of this study support the hypothesis that children consistently refer to desire at around 2 years of age and that children undergo a marked increase in their reference to this concept at 36 months of age, although it is not yet clear whether they start referring to their own desires before those of someone else.
Feature Model Visualization
Authors: Bronsvoort Willem F. , Bidarra Rafael , Noort Alex 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Feature modelling is now the predominant way of modelling products. Feature visualization is an important aspect here that can still be considerably improved. In this paper, an integrated way of visualizing feature models is presented, using new techniques for both the geometry and the structure of models. For the geometry of feature models, techniques are presented to visualize a selected subset of form features in a way that clearly distinguishes them from the rest of the model, as well as functional information such as closure faces of subtractive form features. For the structure of features models, techniques are presented to visualize several types of graphs. The different visualization techniques are used in an integrated way. Implementation of some of the techniques requires a non‐manifold representation of the geometry of the feature model. This representation, and some other implementation aspects, are briefly described. Throughout the paper, numerous examples of images of feature models are given which show that the new visualization techniques can indeed improve the effectiveness of feature modelling. ACM CSS: I.3.7 Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism—visible line/surface algorithms, J.6 Computer‐AidedEngineering—feature modelling
An algorithm for line clipping against a polygon based on shearing transformation
Authors: Huang Y. Q. , Liu Y. K. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Line clipping against a polygon is widely used in computer graphics such as the hidden line problem. A newline‐clipping algorithm against a general polygon is presented in this paper. The basic idea of this algorithm is tochange the line to be clipped into a horizontal line by shearing transformation. Then each edge of the polygonalwindow is transformed by a shearing transformation with the same parameters as those used to the line. Eachedge of the polygon is processed against a horizontal line, which makes the clipping process simpler. The result inthis paper shows that less calculation is needed for the new algorithm with a higher speed compared to existingalgorithms.
A Skeleton‐based Approach for Detection of Perceptually Salient Features on Polygonal Surfaces
Authors: Hisada Masayuki , Belyaev Alexander G. , Kunii Tosiyasu L. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract The paper presents a skeleton‐based approach for robust detection of perceptually salient shape features. Given ashape approximated by a polygonal surface, its skeleton is extracted using a three‐dimensional Voronoi diagramtechnique proposed recently by Amenta et al. [3]. Shape creases, ridges and ravines, are detected as curvescorresponding to skeletal edges. Salient shape regions are extracted via skeleton decomposition into patches.The approach explores the singularity theory for ridge and ravine detection, combines several filtering methodsfor skeleton denoising and for selecting perceptually important ridges and ravines, and uses a topological analysisof the skeleton for detection of salient shape regions. ACM CSS: I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
An Efficient Method for Rendering Underwater Optical Effects Using Graphics Hardware
Authors: Iwasaki Kei , Dobashi Yoshinori , Nishita Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2004

Abstract The display of realistic natural scenes is one of the most important research areas in computer graphics. Therendering of water is one of the essential components. This paper proposes an efficient method for renderingimages of scenes within water. For underwater scenery, the shafts of light and caustics are attractive and importantelements. However, computing these effects is difficult and time‐consuming since light refracts when passingthrough waves. To address the problem, our method makes use of graphics hardware to accelerate the computation.Our method displays the shafts of light by accumulating the intensities of streaks of light by using hardware colorblending functions. Making use of a Z‐buffer and a stencil buffer accelerates the rendering of caustics. Moreover,by using a shadow mapping technique, our method can display shafts of light and caustics taking account ofshadows due to objects. ACM CSS: I. 3.1 Computer Graphics—Hardware Architecture, I. 3.7 Computer Graphics—Three‐DimensionalGraphics and Realism
Hierarchical Impostors for the Flocking Algorithm in 3D
Authors: O'Hara Noel 
Published: December 2004

Abstract The availability of powerful and affordable 3D PC graphics boards has made the rendering of rich immersiveenvironments possible at interactive speeds. The scene update rate and the appropriate behaviour of objects withinthe world are central to this immersive feeling. This paper is concerned with the behaviour computations involvedin the flocking algorithm, which has been used extensively to emulate the flocking behaviour of creatures found innature. The main contribution of this paper is a new method for hierarchically combining portions of the flocksinto groups to reduce the cost of the behavioural computation, allowing far larger flocks to be updated in real‐timein the world. ACM CSS: I.3.7 Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation
Levels of Detail for Crowds and Groups
Authors: O'Sullivan C. , Cassell J. , Vilhjálmsson H. , Dingliana J. , Dobbyn S. , McNamee B. , Peters C. , Giang T. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Work on levels of detail for human simulation has occurred mainly on a geometrical level, either by reducing the numbers of polygons representing a virtual human, or replacing them with a two‐dimensional imposter. Approaches that reduce the complexity of motions generated have also been proposed. In this paper, we describe ongoing development of a framework for Adaptive Level Of Detail for Human Animation (ALOHA), which incorporates levels of detail for not only geometry and motion, but also includes a complexity gradient for natural behaviour, both conversational and social. ACM CSS: I.3.7 Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation
Synthetic Vision and Memory for Autonomous Virtual Humans
Authors: Peters C. , O'Sullivan C. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract A memory model based on ``stage theory'', an influential concept of memory from the field of cognitive psychology,is presented for application to autonomous virtual humans. The virtual human senses external stimuli througha synthetic vision system. The vision system incorporates multiple modes of vision in order to accommodate aperceptual attention approach. The memory model is used to store perceived and attended object information atdifferent stages in a filtering process. The methods outlined in this paper have applications in any area wheresimulation‐based agents are used: training, entertainment, ergonomics and military simulations to name but afew. ACM CSS: I. 3.7 Computer Graphics‐‐Virtual reality
Towards Interactive Real‐Time Crowd Behavior Simulation
Authors: Ulicny Branislav , Thalmann Daniel 
Published: December 2004

Abstract While virtual crowds are becoming common in non‐real‐time applications, the real‐time domain is still relativelyunexplored. In this paper we discuss the challenges involved in creating such simulations, especially the needto efficiently manage variety. We introduce the concept of levels of variety. Then we present our work oncrowd behaviour simulation aimed at interactive real‐time applications such as computer games or virtualenvironments. We define a modular behavioural architecture of a multi‐agent system allowing autonomous andscripted behaviour of agents supporting variety. Finally we show applications of our system in a virtual realitytraining system and a virtual heritage reconstruction. ACM CSS: I.3.7 Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation, I.2.11 Distributed ArtificialIntelligence—Multi‐agent systems
Some empirical tests on the integration of economic activity between the euro area and the accession countries
Authors: Korhonen Iikka 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis note looks at the correlation of short‐term business cycles in the euro area and the EU accession countries. The issue is assessed with the help of vector autoregressive models. There are clear differences in the degree of correlation between accession countries. For Hungary and Slovenia, euro area shocks can explain a large share of variation in industrial production, while for some countries this influence is much smaller. For the latter countries, the results imply that joining the monetary union could entail reasonably large costs, unless their business cycles converge closer to the euro area cycle. Generally, for smaller countries the relative influence of the euro area business cycle is larger. Also, it is found that the most advanced accession countries are at least as integrated with the euro area business cycle as some small present member countries of the monetary union.JEL classification: E32, F15, F42.
The reallocation of workers and jobs in Russian industry
Authors: David Brown J. , Earle John S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractGross job and worker flows in Russian industry are studied using panel data from a survey of 530 firms selected through national probability sampling. The data permit examination of several crucial measurement issues, including the timing and definition of employment and the role of reorganizations, and they contain rich information on firm characteristics. We find that new and reorganized firms display larger flows than unreorganized enterprises. Product market dispersion and managerial and dispersed outsider ownership are associated with greater worker churning, and unionization and concentrated outsider ownership with less. There is little evidence that the average firm's employment adjustments have become more responsive to adjustment costs during the transition, but private ownership and product market competition appear to increase responsiveness.JEL Classifications: E24, J23, J63, P23, P31.