bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of viscous heating in Barrovian metamorphism of collisional orogens: thermomechanical models and application to the Lepontine Dome in the Central Alps
Authors: BURG J.‐P. , GERYA T. V. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThermal models for Barrovian metamorphism driven by doubling the thickness of the radiogenic crust typically meet difficulty in accounting for the observed peak metamorphic temperature conditions. This difficulty suggests that there is an additional component in the thermal budget of many collisional orogens. Theoretical and geological considerations suggest that viscous heating is a cumulative process that may explain the heat deficit in collision orogens. The results of 2D numerical modelling of continental collision involving subduction of the lithospheric mantle demonstrate that geologically plausible stresses and strain rates may result in orogen‐scale viscous heat production of 0.1 to >1 μW m−3, which is comparable to or even exceeds bulk radiogenic heat production within the crust. Thermally induced buoyancy is responsible for crustal upwelling in large domes with metamorphic temperatures up to 200 °C higher than regional background temperatures. Heat is mostly generated within the uppermost mantle, because of large stresses in the highly viscous rocks deforming there. This thermal energy may be transferred to the overlying crust either in the form of enhanced heat flow, or through magmatism that brings heat into the crust advectively. The amplitude of orogenic heating varies with time, with both the amplitude and time‐span depending strongly on the coupling between heat production, viscosity and collision strain rate. It is argued that geologically relevant figures are applicable to metamorphic domes such as the Lepontine Dome in the Central Alps. We conclude that deformation‐generated viscous dissipation is an important heat source during collisional orogeny and that high metamorphic temperatures as in Barrovian type metamorphism are inherent to deforming crustal regions.
Sternothyroideus Myotomy, Staphylectomy, and Oral Caudal Soft Palate Photothermoplasty for Treatment of Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate in 102 Thoroughbred Racehorses
Authors: Smith Jennifer J. , Embertson Rolf M. 
Published: February 2005

Objective—To compare racing performance before and after sternothyroideus myotomy, staphylectomy, and oral caudal soft palate photothermoplasty in Thoroughbred racehorses with intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP).Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Thoroughbred racehorses (n=102) with DDSP.Methods—Retrieved data included signalment, primary complaint, and upper respiratory tract endoscopic finding. Lifetime race records were compared for earnings per start before and after surgery, days to 1st start, and races won postoperatively.Results—Comparing mean earnings per start for 3 races before ($2792) and after ($3806) surgery, racing performance improved significantly after surgery in 63% (46/73) of horses that competed in at least 1 race before and after surgery (P=.02). Mean and median days to 1st start after surgery were 109 and 69 days, respectively. Of horses that raced postoperatively 65% (60/92) won at least 1 race, and 77% (71/92) raced in >5 races after surgery.Conclusions—Sternothyroideus myotomy, staphylectomy, and oral caudal soft palate photothermoplasty significantly improved racing performance in experienced Thoroughbred racehorses with performance limiting DDSP, and overall had a similar outcome to other reported surgical techniques for treatment of DDSP.Clinical Relevance—Sternothyroideus myotomy, staphylectomy, and oral caudal soft palate photothermoplasty should be considered as a surgical approach to correction of DDSP in Thoroughbred racehorses; however, it is possible that staphylectomy may not be necessary to achieve a desirable outcome.
Comparison of Two Laparoscopic Suture Patterns for Repair of Experimentally Ruptured Urinary Bladders in Normal Neonatal Calves
Authors: Bouré Ludovic P. , Kerr Carolyn L. , Pearce Simon G. , John Runciman R. , Lansdowne Jennifer L. , Caswell Jeff L. 
Published: February 2005

Objective— To compare 2 laparoscopic suture patterns for repair of experimentally ruptured urinary bladders in normal neonatal calves.Study Design— Experimental surgical study.Animals— Thirty male Holstein calves.Methods— A bladder defect was created in 24 anesthetized calves (day 0). They were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6/group). In groups 1 and 3, the defect was closed laparoscopically using a one layer full thickness simple continuous (FTSC) suture pattern (pattern A). In groups 2 and 4, the defect was closed laparoscopically in 2 layers using a FTSC suture pattern followed by Lembert continuous suture pattern (pattern B). Groups 1 and 2 calves were euthanatized at the end of the surgery and groups 3 and 4 at day 10. Six healthy calves were also euthanatized and used as a control group. The bladders were harvested and tested for bursting strength (BS). The surgical time (ST) data from the two groups for each pattern were pooled. A Student t‐test was used to compare ST data. For the BS data, a 2‐factor ANOVA test with post‐hoc Student t‐test was used to determine if treatment, time, or treatment‐time interaction was significant. A Dunnett's test was used to compare BS of the 4 treatment groups to the control group. P<.05 was considered significant.Results— Mean ST was significantly shorter for pattern A than for pattern B. In all treatment groups, the mean bladder BS (MBBS) was significantly lower than the MBBS for the control group. The MBBS was significantly lower for group 1 than for group 2. There was no significant difference in the MBBS between groups 3 and 4.Conclusion— In this study, a 1‐layer laparoscopic closure technique had advantages compared with 2‐layer laparoscopic closure technique. Further work is required before a 1‐layer laparoscopic closure technique can be recommended clinically.Clinical Relevance— One‐layer bladder closure is fast and safe in clinically normal calves and permits additional research to evaluate its safety in foals and clinical ruptures.
Low Scores in the Sexual Health Inventory for Men Questionnaire May Indicate Sexual Disorders Other Than Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Heruti Rafi , Ashkenazi Itschak , Shochat Tzipi , Tekes-Manova Dorit , Justo Dan 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A screening program aimed at early detection of erectile dysfunction, among other hidden morbidities, is offered by the medical services of the Israel Defense Force for career servicemen. Men apparently with erectile dysfunction can turn to a sexual rehabilitation specialist for consultation.

Aim
To present our experience in sexual evaluation of men with low scores in the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire.

Methods
Men aged 25–50 years go through a routine check-up at the Staff Periodic Examination Center. The SHIM questionnaire was used to characterize erectile dysfunction. Men who had scored low in the SHIM questionnaire were referred to a sexual consultation and evaluation.

Results
During 2001–2003, 11,914 men reported to the Staff Periodic Examination Center (mean age 34.8 ± 7.1 years). Among 5,836 men who filled out the SHIM questionnaire (compliance of 48.9%), 1,570 (26.9%) men scored low. Of those men with low SHIM scores, 7.2% (114/1,570) underwent a sexual dysfunction evaluation. Only 50% (57/114) of the men in fact had erectile dysfunction, of whom 15.7% (9/57) also had premature ejaculation. In addition, 38.5% (44/114) of the men were found to have premature ejaculation only, and the rest (14/114, 9.7%) had other sexual dysfunctions or lack of sexual knowledge.

Conclusion
The SHIM questionnaire is a valuable tool for detecting various sexual dysfunctions other than erectile dysfunction. Incorporating the SHIM questionnaire in a routine check-up encourages men to seek consultation and treatment for sexual disorders. In addition, the SHIM questionnaire encourages men to seek sexual education and increase their awareness of issues concerning sexual health.
Superoxide Anion Production in the Rat Penis Impairs Erectile Function in Diabetes: Influence of in Vivo Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Gene Therapy
Authors: Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Usta Mustafa F. , Kendirci Muammer , Pradhan Leena , Alvarez Xavier , Champion Hunter C. , Kadowitz Philip J. , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Superoxide anion may contribute to erectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetes mellitus by reducing cavernosal nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to determine if gene transfer of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) can reduce superoxide anion formation and determine if this reactive oxygen species may contribute to diabetes-related ED in an experimental model of diabetes.

Methods
Three groups of animals were utilized: (1) control; (2) streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats [60 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip)] intracavernosally injected with AdCMVβgal (negative control); and (3) STZ-rats intracavernosally injected with AdCMVEC-SOD. Two months after ip injection of STZ, groups 2 and 3 were transfected with the adenoviruses and 2 days after transfection, all animals underwent cavernosal nerve stimulation (CNS) to assess erectile function. Confocal microscopy for superoxide anion and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) was performed in the STZ-diabetic rat. Superoxide anion production, total SOD activity, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were measured in each experimental group of rats.

Results
248 Confocal microscopy demonstrated superoxide in smooth muscle and endothelial cells of the STZ-rat cavernosum and colocalized with vWF in the endothelium. Higher superoxide anion levels and decreased cGMP levels were found in the penis of STZ-rats at a time when erectile function was reduced. Two days after administration of AdCMVEC-SOD, superoxide anion levels were significantly lower in the penis of STZ-rats. Total SOD activity and cavernosal cGMP was increased in the penis of EC-SOD-transfected rats. STZ-rats transfected with AdCMVEC-SOD had a peak intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and total ICP to CNS that was similar to control rats.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that in vivo adenoviral gene transfer of EC-SOD can reduce corporal superoxide anion levels and raise cavernosal cGMP levels by increasing NO bioavailability thus restoring erectile function in the STZ-diabetic rat.
Arteriogenic Erectile Dysfunction Alters Protein Expression Within the Cavernosal Tissue in an Animal Model
Authors: De Young Ling , Bella Anthony , Howard Jeffrey , Brock Gerald 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent and often untreated condition. It may be a marker of underlying chronic illness and negatively impacts quality of life. Penile arterial insufficiency, frequently found in association with hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, pelvic irradiation, trauma, and smoking, is the most common cause of ED.

Aim
This study was designed to measure the effect of penile hypoperfusion-induced alteration and injury on erectile tissue at the cellular and protein level.

Methods
Eighteen 4-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were placed into three groups (n = 6): sham surgery, unilateral internal iliac artery ligation (UIIAL), and bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (BIIAL).

Main Outcome Measure
Erectile function was assessed 4 weeks following arterial ligation surgery as measured by a rise in intracavernosal pressure induced by cavernosal nerve stimulation. Penile tissue alterations were characterized by immunohistochemistry, protein content measured by western blot, and “global” protein expression profile carried out by using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) ProteinChip technology.

Results
Significantly lower intracavernous pressures were demonstrated in animals subjected to UIIAL surgery, which correlated to the extent of artery ligation. The intensity and quantity of immunohistochemical staining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial cell integrity, smooth muscle cell α-actin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor flk1 were decreased in the BIIAL group compared to sham controls. SELDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed changes in molecular expression of a ∼6,560 Da protein relative to a 7,720 Da protein (peak ratio = 1.34 ± 0.3, BIIAL; 0.36 ± 0.1 controls, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
In this report, an animal model of vascular penile insufficiency demonstrates altered protein expression associated with cavernosal tissue injury and reduced erectile function. Although the clinical significance of these observations is currently undefined, this model may allow greater insight into the complex biologic changes associated with arteriogenic ED in man.
Long-Term Effect of Inhibition of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) on Cavernosal Perfusion in Men with Atherosclerotic Erectile Dysfunction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Speel Tommy G.W. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Thien Theo , Smits Paul , Meuleman Eric J. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Impaired perfusion of the corpora cavernosa is considered an important causal factor of erectile dysfunction (ED) in the aging male with atherosclerosis.

Aim
On the basis of this notion, we hypothesized that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may have a structural beneficial effect on cavernosal perfusion and subsequently on erectile function in men with impaired cavernosal perfusion.

Methods
A total of 59 men with atherosclerotic ED (mean age, 60.0 ± 6.8 years) and impaired cavernosal perfusion, as demonstrated with penile-pharmaco duplex ultrasonography, were randomized between an ACE inhibitor and placebo treatment arm. The minimum period of intervention was 26 weeks (26–46 weeks). The goal of the study was to demonstrate an improvement of (i) cavernosal arterial perfusion demonstrated by a decrease of blood flow velocity waveform; and (ii) erectile function in the erection domain of the International Index of Erectile Function.

Results
Cavernosal perfusion improved significantly (paired samples t-test, P &lt; 0.05) in both study arms, but the improvement did not differ significantly (anova, P &gt; 0.05) between both arms. The number of sexually active men increased, and the severity of ED decreased in both groups.

Conclusion
Although a persisting improvement of cavernosal perfusion by at least a 6 month-administration of an ACE inhibitor in men with advanced atherosclerotic ED could not be demonstrated in this pilot study, the beneficial effect on cavernosal perfusion, sexual activity, and erectile function in all participants of this study is remarkable. This pilot study warrants a follow-up study in sexually more active men with ED and less advanced atherosclerosis to show that ACE inhibition may result in persisting improvement of cavernosal perfusion.
Comparison of the Steady-State Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Variability of a Transdermal Testosterone Patch Versus a Transdermal Testosterone Gel in Hypogonadal Men
Authors: Mazer Norman , Bell Damon , Wu Jingyang , Fischer Jerome , Cosgrove Michael , Eilers Barbara 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolism, intra- and inter-subject variability of a permeation-enhanced testosterone patch versus a topical testosterone gel.

Methods
28 hypogonadal men were treated with a testosterone patch (5 mg/day applied at 2200 h) and a 1% testosterone gel (5 g/day applied at 0800 h; nominal delivery 5 mg/day), each for 14 days, in an open-label crossover design. PK profiles of total testosterone (TT) and calculated free testosterone (cFT) were measured on day 7 and day 14 of each treatment, with patches or gel applied to the abdomen; dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) profiles were measured on day 14. The time-average (Cavg), maximum (Cmax), time of maximum (Tmax) and minimum concentrations (Cmin) were derived from each profile. The intra- and inter-subject coefficients of variation (CVintra and CVinter) of the TT and cFT parameters were computed by ANOVA.

Results
Nightly applications of the patch produced a mean TT profile that mimicked the circadian pattern of healthy men. Morning applications of the gel produced a flatter mean profile; though individual subjects exhibited significant peaks at variable times. For TT, the mean and 90% confidence intervals of the patch/gel ratio of Cavg (1.030; 0.936–1.133; P &gt; 0.05) and Cmax (1.086; 0.974–1.211; P &gt; 0.05) met the criteria for bioequivalence. Cmin was lower for the patch. DHT levels and DHT/T ratios were 2 to 3-fold higher for the gel (P &lt; 0.0001). E2 levels and E2/T ratios were comparable. CVintra and CVinter for Tmax approached 100% for the gel and were 23% and 42%, respectively, for the patch (P &lt; 0.0001). Other variability parameters were generally comparable. Both products were well tolerated, and the patches adhered well.

Conclusions
These findings reflect the different mechanisms of transdermal absorption from the patch and gel and provide new considerations for selecting testosterone replacement therapies in hypogonadal men.
Early Experience with the American Medical Systems New Tactile Pump: Results of a Multicenter Study
Authors: Delk John , Knoll L. Dean , McMurray James , Shore Neal , Wilson Steven 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A new Tactile™ Pump for the American Medical Systems (AMS) 700 Inflatable Penile Prosthesis (IPP) had been developed in an effort to improve usability for the patient.

Aim
To assess the ease of use of the new Tactile Pump.

Methods
A prospective, multicenter study was conducted at four investigative sites. Preoperatively, patients completed an evaluation of the new Tactile Pump vs. the current design 700 pump placed in scrotal models. Patients compared the ease of inflation and deflation of each model. All patients were implanted with the AMS 700 IPP including the new Tactile Pump. Patients returned at 6 weeks for activation of the device and for follow-up evaluation at 3 and 6 months.

Main Outcome Measures
Preoperatively patients compared ease of use of the Tactile Pump vs. the current design. Postoperatively both physicians and patients assessed device functionality for inflation and deflation, ease of use of the pump, and time required to learn device operation.

Results
Thirty patients were implanted with the AMS 700 IPP and Tactile Pump. Thirty patients completed an activation visit, 20 patients completed the 3-month evaluation, and 9 patients completed the 6-month evaluation. The average age was 62.1 years. Primary erectile dysfunction etiologies included organic, nonspecific 10 (33.3%), vasculogenic 6 (20.0%), prostatectomy 6 (20.0%), diabetes mellitus 4 (13.3%), Peyronie's disease 3 (10.0%), and spinal cord injury 1 (3.3%). Preoperatively 93.3% (P &lt; 0.001) of patients favored the Tactile Pump over the current pump on locating and working the inflation mechanism in the scrotal model. Patients also found the Tactile Pump deflation mechanism easier to find 100% (P &lt; 0.001) and deflate 96.7% (P &lt; 0.001). Most patients (86.7%) were trained to use their devices within 3 minutes.

Conclusions
The AMS Tactile Pump provides benefit to patients and physicians by improving ease of use and training over the current IPP 700 pump.
Adrian Walton Zorgniotti (1925–1994): Renaissance Urologist
Authors: Lizza Eli F. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT
Adrian Zorgniotti was born on March 3, 1925 and died on July 6, 1994. During his 47 years as a physician, he brought innovation and imagination to the field of Urology, especially in the field of erectile dysfunction (ED).
Biographical information was obtained from Dr. Zorgniotti's curriculum vitae, his published articles, and his eulogies. Several of his colleagues and peers were also interviewed by telephone. In addition, personal experiences of this author, from the 9 years we spent as associates, and of several other friends were recounted.
Dr. Zorgniotti's involvement with the history of Urology began in 1970 when he published his first historical treatise on Rome's first doctor, Arcagathus. He continued his involvement when he served as moderator for the History Forum of the American Urological Association (AUA) from 1975 to 1988 and as Historian for the AUA from 1979 to 1988.
This innovator brought vision to the field of ED when he introduced the combination of papaverine and phentolamine as an intracavernous injection for the treatment of ED. He also organized the first International Conference on Corpus Cavernolum Revascularization in 1978 at New York University and published long-term results with this therapy.
Adrian Zorgniotti will probably be best remembered by the multitude of Urologists whose lives he has touched for his generosity of spirit and for his ability to help shape our careers with a kind gesture, suggestion, or phone call. I am proud to call him a mentor, a colleague, and a friend.
Aristotle FR. 44 Rose: Midas and Silenus
Authors: Davies Malcolm 
Published: February 2005

AbstractScholars have identified two supposedly separate folk-tale patterns: (a) the questing hero's initial encounter with an ambivalent helper figure; (b) the capture of a demonic figure from whom crucial information is extracted. This article establishes that (a) and (b) are identical aspects of one and the same pattern and that the story of Midas' encounter with Silenus exemplifies this pattern. Two Appendixes show how Silenus resembles that primeval and widely disseminated figure the Wild Man; and that the folk-tale sequence whereby one helper sends on the hero to another helper (or helpers) lurks beneath the surface of several stories that exemplify the relevant pattern.
The Ethics of War and the Concept of War in India and Europe
Authors: Brekke Torkel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe European just war tradition makes a distinction between matters of just resort to war (jus ad bellum) and matters of just means in war (jus in bello). If one compares the just war tradition with ethical systems of other cultures, one is struck by the European concern about jus ad bellum and the lack of interest in the same in other traditions. I compare the ethics of war in two important literary traditions of classical Hinduism with the European just war tradition. Our problem: Why were Europeans so interested in matters of jus ad bellum (in particular the principle of right authority) and why did Hindu writers take so little interest in the same questions? I suggest the following answer. In medieval and early modern Europe there was great interest in jus ad bellum because Europeans had a concept of war that made two important distinctions. The European concept of war distinguished, firstly, war against external enemies from violence against internal enemies and, secondly, public from private violence. Some important studies of the ethics of war have asserted that these two distinctions are universal. I argue, on the contrary, that these two distinctions are unique to Europe. Hindu writers had a fundamentally different concept of war. They did not make the same distinctions. I argue that this conceptual difference explains why Europeans were so concerned about jus ad bellum while Indians were not.