bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Front End Maturation of Thermal Electrical Submersible Pump Design in a Steam Development in the North Oman
Authors: Nawal Aamri , Adnan Ghadani , Tom Crampin , Robert Bos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Habur Project will be the second fractured carbonate reservoir using Thermally Assisted Gas Oil Gravity Drainage (TAGOGD) recovery mechanism in Northern Oman. ESPs are selected to provide artificial lift ahead of gas lift to reduce Capex, lower power consumption and to increase well lifting potential. This paper summarizes the approach used to mitigate risks in the deployment of thermal ESPs in potentially extreme corrosive (high H2S and CO2) operating conditions.
The ESP operating environment is predicted to be challenging due to a unique combination of conditions: i) high temperature (&gt; 150degC), ii) high free gas/steam production, iii) corrosive with high H2S/CO2. These challenges pose a risk that the pumps are not able to achieve required functionality and/or have a short lifespan. Front-end integrated mitigation plan of the above has been constructed based on i) internal and external ESP performance benchmarking, ii) early detailed "bespoke" thermal ESP design options, iii) initial operating procedures and iv) troubleshooting guidance. Additionally, the project economic robustness was tested against different ESP run life scenarios.
Thermal ESPs are a mature artificial lift method with local and global deployment in hot environments such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) systems.
If steam breakthrough is not appropriately managed, it can result in low pump efficiency or gas lock in some cases which has a negative impact on production. Experience from SAGD in Canada indicates that with proper ESP design and appropriate trouble shooting procedures, risks related to gas and steam breakthrough can be managed.
Corrosion can lead to premature ESP failure. Habur Project is predicted to become sour as the rock and reservoir fluids heat up releasing significant CO2 and H2S. However, the risk of corrosion can be mitigated by appropriate material selection of ESP components. Expensive metallurgy raises the cost of pump deployment, but economic analysis shows the project to be robust even in the scenario of short ESP lifespans.
This project demonstrates how through benchmarking, multidiscipline integration and early collaboration with ESP service providers supported maturation of a robust ESP design to support project Final Investment Decision. Importantly this work expands the operating conditions of thermal ESPs beyond typical clastic SAGD such as Canada to more corrosive environments expected in carbonate steam developments. Novel workflows described in this paper can be adapted to other challenging high temperature and corrosive fields using TAGOGD or other thermal recovery methods.
Cloud Enable Geosteering Trajectory Planning Ahead of the Bit Fit for Drilling and Completion Optimization
Authors: Santoso Gagok , Al-Alqum Wael , Amer Ali Syed Mohammed , Al-Towailib Hashim A. , Meer Ali al , Varela Rodrigo , Silva Paul , Prasetyo1 Arief , Husain Ahmad Naim , Denichou Jean Michel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This case study presents a novel geosteering approach using cloud computing to optimize trajectory planning in front of the bit during geosteering operation. The process was done in stand-alone 3D geosteering software linked with the cloud processing enabling real-time automated drilling and completion optimization. The method presented in this paper uses semi-automatic forward planning that gives a multiple-option trajectory ahead of the bit.
The trajectory was streamed in real-time using WITSML data transfer, enabling fast geosteering interpretation and decision process. The planning ahead of the bit was automatically projected using a cut-off parameter and workflow, giving the engineer multiple option trajectory ahead of the bit. The forward planning is automatically exported to cloud computing, allowing accurate real-time torque and drags tortuosity computation simulation indicator. The indicator is divided into three options, which are red, yellow, and green, which indicate no go, warning, and good to proceed. The field test trial was done in three laterals well, that were planned along complex 3D trajectory complexity.
Geosteering is planned into several laminations parallel to the formation strike. As its multiple laterals in one well, both drilling and completion complexity plays an important role in a successful project, thus requiring careful computational process in real time that allow a smooth and fast geosteering process. The success of linking the stand-alone application to the cloud computing process not just only enables well success, but also boosts digital well planning coherency along multiple well within the region.
Transitioning from a Grey to Clean Hydrogen Economy: Considerations for Scaling Production and Making Use of Existing Transport Infrastructure
Authors: Kuehn Manuel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen is set to play a key role in the global energy transition. However, to realize its full potential as a clean energy carrier and decarbonization agent, the production of low emission "green" hydrogen will have to be increased substantially. Today, more than 95% of all hydrogen consumed is "grey", meaning it is produced via steam methane reforming (SMR), autothermal reforming (ATR) and/or coal gasification. While the economics of clean hydrogen production continue to improve, there are still several challenges that must be addressed to drive scalability and adoption.
The availability of sufficient (and preferably low-cost) renewable energy is essential for producing clean hydrogen. Another prerequisite is the availability of a reliable hydrogen (and preferably oxygen) transport network. Studies and practical experience show that it is possible to convert existing steel pipelines from natural gas to hydrogen transport. However, changes to equipment (e.g., compressors, fittings, control valves, etc.) and operating parameters may be necessary. Establishing long-term offtake agreements is also essential for large-scale clean hydrogen developments to reach final investment decision (FID). This paper discusses these challenges in-depth and provides insight into the factors that have contributed to the success of several clean hydrogen and e-fuel projects which have reached FID. On all of the projects mentioned, Siemens Energy is providing its proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer technology.
Well Design Selection's Impact to the Zonal Isolation Across Aquifers
Authors: Zhukin Aidar , Yugay Andrey , Vorozhikhin Sergei , Girgis Fadi , Alkarbi Majed Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Zonal isolation is pivotal for the well lifecycle and sustainability of well production. Zonal isolation has been achieved by designing and selecting a casing setting strategy, preparation of the well for the cementing process, selecting of cementing system, optimized cement placement and evaluating by wireline tools or by indirect indicators. Historically, we have relied on wireline cased hole logging to loop the process and give feedback on cement quality that is supposed to "mirror" zonal isolation. Lack of zonal isolation is normally addressed via revision on cementing process by changing the chemistry, placement technique or enhancement related to borehole preparation, improving the flow of cement across the zone of interest or way to evaluate the quality of cement.
Operator companies are constantly in search for the New Technologies, Best Practices and Approaches that will deliver adequate zonal isolation. All the above mentioned will improve Zonal isolation but there is a certain limit to the level of improvement (how much improved) and the period to get a substantial impact (how fast improved). Sometimes these improvements could be marginal and do not deliver the optimal ratio between efforts and expenditure spend and improvement.
Many operators demand significant improvements that could be delivered through changing the well design approach. Our analysis and lessons learned on the application of different well designs and their impact to zonal isolation are presented below.
Electric Well Control: The Next Century Blowout Preventer
Authors: Beim Samantha , Givens Matthew , Olson Matthew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Transforming century old technology not only alters the way the industry can physically operate, but also the way we think about the future of operations. This paper will discuss the next generation of pressure control equipment for surface blowout preventer (BOP) systems, which displace conventional hydraulically operated equipment with electric actuation, utilizing precise motor control and implementing advancements in stored energy technology. We will discuss how the electric BOP system will replace complex hydraulics with simplified product architecture that provides real-time monitoring (RTM) of components, overall reliability improvements, and applies condition-based maintenance (CBM) to reduce the total cost of ownership (TCO) for end users.
To facilitate market introduction, the electric BOP system needs to be as retrofittable as possible. This requirement to interface with existing BOP stack configurations and components creates restrictions on the new technology envelopes and provides performance load requirements. A crucial part of the design process also involves ensuring the new components are sized appropriately to meet the conventional force requirements found in shearing and complete shut-off operations.
As a part of ongoing development of the electric BOP system, it was demonstrated that the new electric ram bonnet assembly can provide an equivalent shear force to existing hydraulic ram-type BOPs with a more consistent shear curve. In the case of electric actuation, the rams are constantly supplied power to maintain position and do not have the same stalling effect seen in hydraulically actuated shears. Additionally, the fine motor control required to operate electric systems can lead to improved closing times, prolonged elastomer life, and optimized testing procedures.
Conventional BOP systems rely upon inferred measurements, such as pressure and volume, to determine successful operation. With electric actuation, we reduce system complexity by removing the network of valves and hoses and replacing them with simplified control using communication over power. The digitally enabled actuators found in electric BOP systems provide real-time feedback that can be compared against historical data to determine degradation of the equipment. The electric BOP system development program will utilize CBM and remote access technology to monitor equipment condition. This data will aid the end user in determining the proper maintenance timing and result in a lower cost of ownership due to reduced non-productive time.
Power System Frequency Regulation in Low Inertia Systems
Authors: Atallah A. , Hernandez A. , Varhegyi G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Electrifying industries is an emerging trend that aims to replace traditional fossil-fuel-based energy sources with renewable electricity in various sectors. Several industrial installations around the world, offshore and onshore, are abandoning reliance on fossil-fuel based power generators by connecting to the public grid directly or through power from shore interconnection. In many cases those installations are and lead to an island network configuration or what is commonly known as micro grid constituted of the load, the renewable generator plant and the transmission system. The objective of this work is to investigate frequency regulation in this configuration.
In the presence of classical power generators based on synchronous machines an island grid caters for the power system stability among others, frequency regulation, through the inherit characteristics of the synchronous machines. In the absence of synchronous generators- based power plants, frequency stability becomes more critical as the entire power system inertia is reduced due to the absence of rotating machines both on the generation, especially in the case of solar generation, and load side, i.e. power electronics connected motors. The power system frequency regulation has to be achieved through careful coordination and cooperation of the different power electronic devices controllers such as solar generation converters, battery energy storage systems (BESS) converters and HVDC converters, in case present. This investigation is achieved by the means of RMS based dynamic system simulations.
The investigation shows that the ability of the synchronous machine prime mover to regulate the power system frequency through its governor action and avoid critical frequency excursions through inherit kinetic inertia is significantly reduced due to renewable energy displacement of synchronous machine power generation. Additionally, the speed of measurement and response to frequency events of the power electronics-based devices is detrimental to system survival. The investigation shows that the coordination of the solar generation and BESS along with their respective droops and coordination with other power electronic devices in the power system, such as HVDC transmission with grid forming functionalities, is essential.
Frequency regulation in lower inertia power systems is essential to maintain system and process operation and reliability. The investigation gives an outlook into realizing industrial installation in remote locations without connection to an existing public grid relying solely on sustainable sources of power generation.
AI-Powered Mobility Application for Field Inspection Rounds
Authors: Samanoodi R. , Alrasheed A. , Felemban A. , Althobaiti A. , Alnumay Y. , Trigui H. , Algethmi A. , Alsomali A. , Patel S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive system to improve and enhance the field operator rounds through digitalization of routine inspection and operation tasks which are typically performed manually in most facilities. The paper will outline a combination of various systems that were developed and integrated to digitize critical gauges, level indicators and other relevant instrument data recorded for process monitoring and detecting any abnormalities. Additionally, the gauge digitization process was enabled through the use of computer vision and artificial intelligence.
A robust architecture was developed that features an AI-based mobile application running on a tablet, a backend remote server that publishes on a frontend dashboard. The AI based application utilizes a tablet’s camera to digitize analog gauges and record other critical instruments. Starting by the commonly used circular analog gauges, the mobile application uses advanced computer vision techniques to predict the readings in real-time. The server was developed with a database to store the digitized data collected through the application. The dashboard was developed to analyze and visualize the data through interactive charts for monitoring, analytics, and forecasting.
The developed systems were deployed in an oil and gas facility such that the current manual process was replaced by the proposed technologies presented in the paper. The system has now been deployed for 5 months and is being used on a daily basis by the facility operators. A total of approximately 25,000 records have been collected and stored in the developed backend server. Through this system the operators were enabled to take measurements and readings in challenging scenarios such as acute viewing angles, hard to reach areas, distant measurements, various lighting conditions without sacrificing data collection integrity. The AI prediction algorithm managed to predict readings of industrial analog gauges achieving accuracies greater than 90%. The collected data by the operators was visualized effectively on the dashboard providing management and engineers a mechanism to extract and verify field process measurements as needed. Finally, the implementation of the system has replaced the manual paper-based recording process fostering sustainable technological solutions.
Due to the constraints of accessing cloud services in oil and gas facilities, the AI algorithm was optimized to run on an edge device such as tablet with limited computational capabilities. Moreover, the AI algorithm introduces a reliable and systematic way of data collection that eliminates randomness and normalizes human bias. Additionally, Analog gauges digitization process enables automatic cross-validation with other digital transmitter twins which can be used to detect instruments malfunctioning and process upset.
Unique Coil-Shifted Limited-Entry Acid Matrix Completion Overcomes Challenges of Stimulation and Wellbore Cleanup through an ESP Y-Block
Authors: Paredes M. 
Published: October 2023

Objective
A case study of an application in Iraq is presented with the aim to show the versatility of a limited entry cluster port completion system to overcome specific well challenges with "off-the-shelf" equipment designs. To overcome a unique set of challenges, a fit-for-purpose lower completion was designed to stimulate a reservoir with an acid matrix treatment, cleanup the acid, and allow for future water shut-off with an electric submersible pump (ESP) and Y-Block in place.
Following the case study, a discussion is presented of the application of the system in UAE to augment the already successful Smart Liner (SL) completion system. There are many similarities between the completion presented and the SL. Advantages of using the system discussed in this paper are discussed. These advantages include: Better acid placement – especially at the toe of the wellLower pumping pressureHigher pumping ratesRe-closable nozzles allow for future shut-off of undesirable zones, water zones for example.
Soil Set-Up Period Reduction for Early Drilling Rig Approach
Authors: Svasti-xuto M. , Sinthumongkhonchai C. 
Published: October 2023

Objective/Scope
PTTEP intends to develop one of the Oil & Gas Field which is located in Gulf of Thailand, to continue supplying gas for the country. The platform is standardized as Generic design to the maximum extent to reduce costs and fabrication lead times.After the installation of the platform is complete, the normal traditional soil set-up is allowed 30 days later. This is regarded as the crucial route. Then, in order to enable early production, we are looking for every opportunity to shorten this time frame.
Engineering studies were then performed to re-examine while assuring this was still safe, defying the established approach. Perform fit-for-purpose load combinations to check the pile FOS against the actual drilling rig loads on platform sPerform site specific soil set-up study at platform location to define the soil set-up curve over the time,Perform Jacket in-place analysis to confirm the pile Factor of safety and required soil set-up period.
FlexDelivery – Integrated Logistics in the Offshore Sector
Authors: Vedat Kris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This case study aims to showcase how integrated logistics in the offshore sector streamline the supply chain process, reduce costs, and improves efficiency. The scope of integrated logistics includes planning, transportation, warehousing, inventory management, and information management, focusing on collaboration and transparency between all stakeholders in the offshore supply chain.
The process of integrated logistics in the offshore sector begins with the cargo booking. A detailed logistics plan and schedule are then developed, outlining the supply chain network, transportation modes, and inventory management strategies. The process is managed by an AI-based platform that automatically creates short and long-term schedules using various cargo and telemetric data. During the execution phase, real-time tracking and monitoring of the supply chain process are crucial to managing disruptions. Continuous improvement is key to optimising the integrated logistics process with a machine learning element to the logistics tool, resulting in increased efficiency, reduced costs, and improved safety and reliability.
Implementing integrated logistics in the offshore sector has yielded several positive results. Firstly, it has improved efficiency in the supply chain process, reducing the time and cost required to move goods and equipment from the point of origin to the point of consumption. Delivery time has been reduced by 23%, achieved by using an AI planning system, real-time tracking, and optimised transportation modes.
Secondly, integrated logistics has helped to maintain high levels of safety by reducing the number of entries into the 500M zone by consolidating cargo and increasing back deck utilisation. Standardised procedures for logistics operations have been established, minimising the risk of errors and improving overall safety.
Thirdly, the implementation of integrated logistics has led to increased collaboration and communication between stakeholders involved in offshore operations, resulting in improved decision-making and reduced delays, as well as better transparency between all elements of the supply chain.
Real-time tracking and monitoring of the supply chain process have been crucial for effectively managing disruptions and addressing issues, which is made possible by automating the process using AI, which is more efficient than manual processes.
The use of integrated logistics in the offshore sector has resulted in an overall cost reduction of 23% on the shipment of goods and a reduction of CO2 emissions by 32%, enabling effective management of the movement of goods and equipment while promoting sustainability.
This approach to integrated offshore logistics will enable effective management of the movement of goods and equipment from the point of origin to the point of consumption and reduce costs for the oil and gas sector while ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements.
Walk to Work and the Automation of the Offshore Oil and Gas Market
Authors: Eley G. , Moran J. , Kaub S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The offshore oil and gas industry is witnessing a transformative shift towards automation to improve operational efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Walk to Work (W2W) systems are seen as a critical enabler of this automation. This paper explores the role of W2W systems in the context of automation, their benefits, and their implications for the offshore oil and gas sector.
Automation technologies, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and advanced control systems, are being increasingly adopted in the offshore oil and gas sector. Promising designs for Normally Unattended Installations (NUIs) are driven by new technologies that enable remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and autonomous operations, reducing human intervention and improving overall operational performance. However, the integration of automation systems will continue to rely on efficient and reliable methods of offshore access to construct, maintain and repair NUIs. It is often noted that W2W systems will play a pivotal role in this development, but its role in the automation of the offshore energy sector is not properly understood.
W2W systems provide a reliable and safe means of transferring personnel to and from offshore installations, supporting the automation efforts in the offshore oil and gas sector. These systems involve purpose-built vessels equipped with motion compensation gangways and accommodation facilities, commonly known as flotels. By ensuring a continuous presence in close proximity to unmanned platforms and facilities, W2W vessels can facilitate the automation of the sector by providing necessary access to offshore installations. A floating workforce supported by such vessels will be a required feature of fully optimised NUI production fields. In this paper we will discuss the challenges and opportunities that come with developing this maintenance regime.