bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of total compared with subtotal hysterectomy with one‐year follow up results
Authors: Gimbel Helga , Zobbe Vibeke , Andersen Birthe Margrethe , Filtenborg Thomas , Gluud Christian , Tabor Ann ,   The Danish Hysterectomy Group
Published: November 2004

Objective
To compare total abdominal hysterectomy and subtotal abdominal hysterectomy performed for benign uterine diseases.Design
Randomised, controlled, unblinded trial with central, computer‐generated randomisation.Setting
Danish trial performed in 11 departments of gynaecology.Population
Women referred for benign uterine diseases were randomised to total abdominal hysterectomy (n= 158) or subtotal abdominal hysterectomy (n= 161). One‐year follow up questionnaires had a response rate of 87%.Methods
Patients were followed by strict data collection procedures, including postal questionnaires. The results after one year of follow up were analysed by intention‐to‐treat analyses.Main outcome measures
(1) Primary: urinary incontinence and (2) secondary: post‐operative complications, quality of life (SF‐36), constipation, prolapse of the vaginal vault/cervical stump, satisfaction with sexual life, pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding.Results
A significantly (P= 0.043) smaller proportion of women had urinary incontinence one year after total abdominal hysterectomy compared with subtotal abdominal hysterectomy [9%vs 18% (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.01–4.29)]. The lower proportion of incontinent women in the total abdominal hysterectomy group was a result of a higher proportion of symptom relief (total abdominal hysterectomy: 20/140, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy: 14/136) as well as a lower proportion of women with new symptoms (total abdominal hysterectomy: 3/140, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy: 10/137). Twenty‐seven women (20%) from the subtotal abdominal hysterectomy group had vaginal bleeding and two of them had to have their cervix removed. No other clinically important differences were found between the two hysterectomy methods.Conclusions
A smaller proportion of women suffered from urinary incontinence after total abdominal hysterectomy than after subtotal abdominal hysterectomy one year post‐operatively.
Effectiveness of nifedipine versus atosiban for tocolysis in preterm labour: a meta‐analysis with an indirect comparison of randomised trials
Authors: Coomarasamy Aravinthan , Knox Ellen M. , Gee Harry , Song Fujian , Khan Khalid S. 
Published: November 2004

Objective
To explore the effectiveness of nifedipine compared with atosiban for tocolysis in preterm labour.Design
A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta‐analysis using adjusted indirect comparison.Population
Six hundred and seventy‐nine women recruited in nine randomised trials evaluating the effectiveness of nifedipine versusβ‐agonists, and 852 women recruited in four trials of atosiban versusβ‐agonists. There were no trials comparing nifedipine directly with atosiban.Methods
We performed meta‐analysis with a technique involving an adjusted indirect comparison between nifedipine and atosiban using β‐agonists as the common comparator. This approach preserves the benefit accrued by randomisation in the original comparisons.Main outcome measures
Reduction in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and delay in delivery by 48 hours.Results
Nifedipine tocolysis was associated with a significant reduction in respiratory distress syndrome compared with atosiban (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.97). It also increased the number of women whose delivery was delayed by 48 hours (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.73–1.95), although this result was not statistically significant.Conclusions
When indirectly compared with atosiban, nifedipine tocolysis is more effective. In the absence of a direct comparison, our analysis provides a way to explore the potential benefits of nifedipine versus atosiban.
The effects of metabolic inhibition on intracellular calcium and contractility of human myometrium
Authors: Monir‐Bishty E. , Pierce S.J. , Kupittayanant S. , Shmygol A. , Wray Susan 
Published: November 2004

Objective
Hypoxia occurs in the uterus during labour and may contribute to dysfunctional labours. We wanted to establish its effects on pregnant human myometrium and elucidate the mechanisms involved.Design
Scientific study.Setting
University Hospital and laboratories.Population or Sample
Term pregnant women.Methods
We measured contractions and intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i), in biopsies from term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section, and used cyanide to block oxidative phosphorylation.Main outcome measures
Changes in contractility and calcium.Results
Although basal levels of [Ca2+]i and tone rose, spontaneous and agonist‐induced Ca2+ transients and phasic contractions were rapidly reduced and abolished by cyanide. Neither stimulation of the uterus with oxytocin nor the Ca channel agonist, Bay K8644, prevented the changes produced by cyanide. The tonic force produced by depolarising the myometrium was also decreased by cyanide, but slowly recovered towards control levels, whereas [Ca2+]i was maintained throughout. Similar data were obtained when nitrogen, rather than cyanide, was applied to the depolarised uterus.Conclusions
Impairment of oxidative phosphorylation is a potent depressor of phasic activity in human myometrium, irrespective of how it is produced, and our data suggest its effects lie at and beyond the surface membrane. Stimulation of the hypoxic uterus was not effective, which may explain the unpredictability of oxytocin application in some dysfunctional labours.
Central Coherence Theory and the interpretation of picture materials: toward an assessment of autistic spectrum disorder
Authors: Worth Sarah 
Published: November 2004

Central Coherence Theory (Frith, 1989; Happe, 1994a) may account for the piecemeal style of information processing characteristic of people with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This style of processing was observed during language and communication assessments of pupils with ASD. A consistent pattern in the types of these responses emerged, such that it was possible to devise a framework to categorise them.This article investigates the responses of two groups of eight pupils matched on the basis of gender and verbal ability: i) pupils with a diagnosis of ASD, and ii) pupils without identified difficulties. They were presented with a range of picture materials and their responses were placed within a framework of seven response categories. It was felt that the types of errors made by the two groups differed both quantitatively and qualitatively, and that the type and extent of the errors made by the pupils with ASD were largely attributable to the presence of weak central coherence.Despite the presence of some limitations in the way the investigation was conducted, it was concluded that these methods might contribute toward the assessment and differential diagnosis of ASD.
Isolation and characterization of 12 microsatellite loci from Golden‐winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) with broad cross‐taxon utility in emberizine songbirds
Authors: STENZLER L. M. , FRASER R. , LOVETTE I. J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe describe 12 microsatellite loci from the Golden‐winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), a bird species of conservation concern owing to competition and hybridization with the Blue‐winged Warbler (V. pinus). Directional mitochondral DNA introgression from V. pinus into V. chrysoptera has been reported within the hybrid zone. Frequent hybrid phenotypes suggest that nuclear introgression is also prevalent, although this has not been demonstrated conclusively with molecular markers. These microsatellites will foster explorations of the genetic interactions between these avian congeners, and amplification tests suggest that they have high cross‐species utility for closely allied bird genera and families.
Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for the critically endangered crested ibis, Nipponia nippon (Ciconiiformes: Threskiornithidae)
Authors: JI YA‐JIE , LIU YU‐DI , DING CHANG‐QING , ZHANG DE‐XING 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Chinese crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, is a critically endangered bird. The current population of this species has developed from four wild individuals rediscovered in 1981. Given its conservation status, there is considerable interest in assessing the genetic diversity and individual relatedness in this species. For this purpose, a set of eight polymorphic di‐ or trinucleotide microsatellite loci was developed for the crested ibis. The expected heterozygosity at these loci ranges from 0.01 to 0.50, with less than four alleles being observed at individual loci, a reflection of the serious population bottleneck experienced by this species.
Isolation and identification of 21 microsatellite loci in the Copper redhorse (Moxostoma hubbsi; Catostomidae) and their variability in other catostomids
Authors: LIPPÉ CATHERINE , DUMONT PIERRE , BERNATCHEZ LOUIS 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCatostomidae represent an important family of freshwater fishes mainly distributed in North America, but also found in Eurasia. This paper describes the development of microsatellite DNA markers for a highly threatened member of this family, the Copper redhorse (Moxostoma hubbsi), as well as cross‐catostomids amplifications. 168 tetra‐nucleotide loci were screened to develop 21 polymorphic markers, with an average number of 8.5 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity ranging between 0.52 and 1.00. Successful amplification was obtained for 12 other members of the family at between seven to 19 loci, with between two to 18 loci being polymorphic per species.
purpl: program for marker correction on multicross designs made of Pure Lines
Authors: JOFFRE M. , CREPIEUX S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn plants, molecular analyses carried out on breeding populations are becoming increasingly popular. Here we introduce a new software tool, purpl, which was designed to follow and correct the inheritance of codominant molecular markers in such populations in which the level of difficulties in marker notation and the uncertainty of pedigrees are generally high. Based on a five‐step algorithm and on the computation of intuitive probability scores, purpl corrects many different possible sources of bias by extracting the more likely information in the parent and progeny files (initially linked by putative pedigrees), and rebuilds possible missing information. PurPL and the user's guide are available at http://www.clermont.inra.fr/umr‐asp/purpl/
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: ALVAREZ N. , BORN C. , RISTERUCCI A.‐M. , SOURROUILLE P. , BENREY B. , HOSSAERT‐MCKEY M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSix microsatellite loci were isolated from the bruchid Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Each locus was polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 3 to 18. We found high levels of within‐population variation at most loci, with heterozygosities ranging from 0 to 0.75. Cross‐species amplification of these loci was tested in two other species of the genus Acanthoscelides, A. obvelatus Bridwell and A. argillaceus Sharp.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in Aquilegia sp.
Authors: GALLAGHER KELLY G. , MILLIGAN BROOK G. , WHITE P. SCOTT 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe obtained a microsatellite‐enriched genomic library isolated from the tissue of a single columbine (Aquilegia sp.) plant taken from a southwestern USA natural population. The primers developed for these microsatellite loci performed consistently in polymerase chain reactions and yielded multiallelic genotypes with relatively high observed heterozygosities. We describe polymerase chain reaction primers and conditions to amplify 16 unique, codominant di‐, tri‐ and tetra‐nucleotide microsatellite DNA loci so that other population biology researchers using columbine natural populations as a model system may benefit.
Microsatellite DNA markers for the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus
Authors: HARRISON J. S. , PETERSON D. L. , SWAIN J. R. , EDMANDS S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEleven microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus. Primers reliably amplify alleles in inbred lines derived from two divergent populations previously shown to have genetic distances of 18% for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. The 11 loci provided markers for eight of the species’ 12 chromosomes.
Characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the living fossil tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis (Crustacea Branchiopoda Notostrace)
Authors: CESARI MICHELE , MULARONI LORIS , SCANABISSI FRANCA , MANTOVANI BARBARA 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFive dinucleotide markers were obtained from a microsatellite genomic library of the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis. The number of alleles at each locus was low (maximum three alleles) but all loci were polymorphic. The presence of null alleles could not be disregarded. Heterozygosity levels were indicative of selfing in the studied populations whose real sexuality will be further tested using these markers.
Habitat selection, diet, arthropod availability and growth of a moorland wader: the ecology of European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria chicks
Authors: Pearce‐Higgins J. W. , Yalden D. W. 
Published: November 2004

Habitat use, diet and food supply of European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria chicks were studied on blanket bog in the South Pennines, UK. The home ranges occupied by chicks until fledging averaged 40 ha; they contained relatively more cotton grass and bare peat than was available generally, but less heather and grassland. Use of Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and Crowberry Empetrum nigrum increased with age, whereas that of cotton grass Eriophorum spp. declined. Dietary composition, as assessed by faecal analysis, was similar to that obtained from the crops of dead birds. The diet of younger chicks, assessed by dry weight of prey, consisted of about 30% each of adult and larval tipulids, whereas for chicks older than 16 days, about 70% was tipulid larvae. Beetles, spiders and caterpillars each comprised 5–20% of the diet, depending on age. Older chicks took larger prey. The exploitation of larval tipulids was correlated positively with the chicks’ use of cotton grass and bare peat areas, whereas caterpillars, beetles and spiders were more often taken from dwarf shrubs, reflecting variation in prey abundance. Bare peat was an important foraging habitat, whose exploitation was associated positively with the growth rate of young chicks, and with mean prey size. Both weight gain and survival of young chicks were positively correlated with the abundance of tipulid adults, confirming the hypothesis that the flush of tipulid hatching is an important determinant of breeding success. Golden Plover chicks are capable of considerable movements to track variation in prey availability. This behaviour is likely to be an important survival strategy facilitating the utilization of a mosaic of cotton grass and dwarf shrub habitats. Appropriate rotational strip‐burning or grazing management could be used to create and maintain such habitats.
Five‐year evaluation of the impact of the Arable Stewardship Pilot Scheme on birds
Authors: BRADBURY RICHARD B. , BROWNE STEPHEN J. , STEVENS DANAË K. , AEBISCHER NICHOLAS J. 
Published: November 2004

Agri‐environment schemes could play a key role in the reversal of farmland bird declines. The effectiveness of the Arable Stewardship Pilot Scheme for delivering farmland birds was tested in a replicated, farm‐scale field trial, in two lowland farmland regions of England. Changes in numbers of birds over five years were compared between control and scheme farms. In East Anglia, productivity of Grey Partridges Perdix perdix was significantly higher on scheme than on control farms, although such an effect was not seen in the West Midlands where the species was rarer. At the field scale, wintering granivorous passerines and Skylarks Alauda arvensis responded to stewardship habitats (options) such as stubble and wild bird cover designed specifically to benefit them. However, at the farm scale, winter bird counts were higher on scheme than control farms only in the West Midlands, and not in East Anglia where the availability of set‐aside and features managed for game in the wider landscape was higher. In the absence of other high‐quality habitat, arable options are effective at providing good quality habitat, but the amount needed to exert an influence at the bird population level remains uncertain.
Topographic and Dipolar Analysis of Laser‐Evoked Potentials During Migraine Attack
Authors: De Tommaso Marina , Guido Marco , Libro Giuseppe , Losito Luciana , Difruscolo Olimpia , Puca Francomichele , Specchio Luigi Maria , Carella Aristide 
Published: November 2004

Objective.—The aim of this study was to perform further evaluation of laser‐evoked potentials (LEPs) during migraine attacks using multichannel recording and topographic analysis. Specifically, this study aimed to confirm the pattern previously observed in acute migraine, while also defining the components of LEPs that are mainly modified during headache, as well as the correlation between features of LEPs and clinical variables. In addition, we aimed to conduct a dipolar source analysis of the main LEP waves in migraine patients to check the variability in the source location of LEPs during acute migraine.Background.—An amplitude enhancement of LEPs was previously detected during migraine attack using a single scalp derivation on the vertex; hyperalgesia to heat stimuli was also detected for both the face and hand.Methods.—Eighteen patients suffering from migraine without aura were analyzed. The supraorbital zones and the dorsum of the hand were stimulated on both the symptomatic and nonsymptomatic sides in all patients. The LEPs were recorded via 25 scalp electrodes. Dipolar source analysis of the P2 components was performed using a spherical model in all patients and using a realistic Magnetic Resonance model in four patients.Results.—During attacks, the later waves, and particularly the P2 component, were significantly enhanced; the amplitude of the P2 component obtained during the attack by stimulation of the supraorbital zone on the side of the headache was significantly correlated with the intensity of pain and the frequency of headache. In our patients, the P2 wave was generated in the anterior cingulate cortex, with a shift toward its rostrocaudal portion, and was mainly devoted to elaboration of the emotive compound of pain during migraine attack.Conclusions.—Cortical activation by laser stimuli during migraine attack was confirmed. This effect was more pronounced in patients with a higher frequency of migraine attacks. This may be due to a lack of inhibitory control over the transmission of pain to the cortex. The increased activation of cortical areas devoted to attention and emotion may be linked to headache.
Does nicotine affect D2 receptor upregulation? A case–control study
Authors: Silvestri S. , Negrete J. C. , Seeman M. V. , Shammi C. M. , Seeman P. 
Published: November 2004

Objective:  Nicotine has a powerful preventive effect on neuroleptic‐induced dopamine D2 receptor upregulation in the rat. The aim of this human positron emission tomography (PET) study was to compare upregulation in a smoker and a non‐smoker, both of whom had received haloperidol for the same duration of time.Method:  Two subjects who had been treated for 16 years with a constant dose of haloperidol were scanned after temporary haloperidol withdrawal, using [11C]‐raclopride.Results:  The non‐smoker, who had received a dose of 10 mg/day, showed a D2 upregulation of 98% and developed severe and persistent symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (TD) upon withdrawal. The chronic smoker, who had been treated with 40 mg/day, displayed a D2 upregulation of 71% and did not develop TD.Conclusion:  These human observations agree with animal data which showed that nicotine can decrease neuroleptic‐induced D2 receptor upregulation. This property of nicotine may play a protective role in movement disorders whose pathophysiology involves D2 receptor hypersensitivity.
Long‐term implant survival in the grafted maxilla: results of a 12‐year retrospective study
Authors: Yerit Kaan C. , Posch Martin , Hainich Sibylle , Turhani Dritan , Klug Clemens , Wanschitz Felix , Wagner Arne , Watzinger Franz , Ewers Rolf 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the long‐term outcome of implant insertion in the augmented severely atrophied maxilla.Study design: Three hundred and twenty‐four implants were inserted in 35 patients (eight males, 27 females, average age 57.6 years) in extremely atrophied maxillae after osteotomy and interposition of iliac crest bone. One hundred implants were installed in 12 patients simultaneously with the osteotomy and grafting; 224 implants were placed in 23 patients in a second procedure 6–12 months later. Implant parameters like osseointegration and peri‐implant bone loss; peri‐implant tissue parameters like bleeding, gingival and plaque index; and patients' satisfaction were evaluated.Results: Of 324 implants, 29 (8.9%) were lost during the entire follow‐up: 14 in six patients of the one‐step and 15 in 11 patients of the two‐step group. The overall input–output survival in 141.1 months was 91.1%. The overall 2‐year failure‐free fraction of implants was 95.5%; the 5‐year failure‐free fraction was 89.3%. In the one‐step group, the 2 (5)‐year failure‐free fraction was 95.9% (86.9%), and in the two‐step group 95% (91.3%) (log‐rank test P=0.57). Marginal peri‐implant bone loss was 1.7±1.3 mm mesial and 1.8±1.3 mm distal.Conclusion: Implant insertion after osteotomy and iliac bone grafting is a reliable operation method for the dental rehabilitation of the severely atrophied maxilla showing good long‐term results.
Safety of rituximab therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy: a case history
Authors: Kimby Eva , Sverrisdottir Asgerdur , Elinder Göran 
Published: November 2004

Abstract:The optimal treatment of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during pregnancy is currently undefined. The potential teratogenic effects of conventional chemotherapy preclude its use during the first trimester of pregnancy. We report the case of a pregnant woman with relapsed indolent follicular NHL who was treated with rituximab (unintentionally) during the first trimester. The treatment stabilised the disease. Following an uncomplicated pregnancy, a healthy child was born at full term and careful haematological and immunological monitoring has revealed no adverse effects resulting from exposure to rituximab. Data of using rituximab during pregnancy are scarce, but the present case shows that rituximab may be one option for treatment of NHL in early pregnancy.
A novel recombinant dual human SCF expressed in and purified from silkworm, Bombyx mori, possesses higher bioactivity than recombinant monomeric human SCF
Authors: Han Junhai , Zang Yuhui , Lu Haiqin , Zhu Jie , Qin Junchuan 
Published: November 2004

Abstract:A novel recombinant dual human stem cell factor (rdhSCF) gene was constructed which consisted of a full‐length hSCF cDNA plus a truncated hSCF cDNA (1–145 aa), linked by a peptide (GGGGSGGGGSGG) coding region. The rdhSCF gene was cloned into baculovirus transfer vector pAcSecG2T under the polyhedrin promoter control. Silkworm larvae infected with the recombinant virus expressed rdhSCF up to 15 800 units/mL in haemolymph. The specific activity of rdhSCF purified from the haemolymph was up to 3.0 × 106 units/mg, about 8.6 times as high as that of monomer rhSCF from Escherichia coli, and about 9.1 times as high as that of monomer rhSCF from insect cell. The binding affinity of rdhSCF to the cell surface receptor was higher than that of monomer rhSCF.