bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine study of hierarchical interphase constructed by boron nitride and carbon nanotubes in SiCf/SiC composites
Authors: Yan Bing , Fan Benhui , Huang Xiaozhong , Du Zuojuan , Liu Yu , Yue Jianling , Bai Jinbo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA fine study of the interfacial part in the silicon carbide fiber (SiCf) reinforced silicon carbide (SiC) composites was conducted by transmission electron microscopy. The boron nitride (BN) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were progressively coated on the SiCf by chemical vapor deposition method to form a hierarchical structure. Three composites with different interfaces, SiCf–CNTs/SiC, SiCf@BN/SiC, and SiCf@BN–CNTs/SiC, were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis method. The interfaces and microstructures of the three composites were carefully characterized to investigate the improvement mechanism of strength and toughness. The results showed that BN could protect the surface of SiCf from corrosion and oxidation so that improved the possibility of debonding and pullout. CNTs could avoid the propagation of cracks in the composites so that improved the damage resistance of the matrix. The synergistic reinforcement brought by BN and CNTs interfaces made the SiCf@BN–CNTs/SiC composites with a tensile fracture strength as high as 359 MPa, with an improvement of 23% compared to that of SiCf@BN/SiC.
Treatment of wound infections linked to neurosurgical implants
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Yuhao , Wang Shuai , Hou Shiqiang , Yu Dong , Zhang Chao , Zhang Lanlan , Lin Ning 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs neurosurgery has advanced technologically, more and more neurosurgical implants are being employed on an aging patient population with several comorbidities. As a result, there is a steady increase in the frequency of infections linked to neurosurgical implants, which causes serious morbidity and mortality as well as abnormalities of the skull and inadequate brain protection. We discuss infections linked to internal and external ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainages, neurostimulators, craniotomies, and cranioplasty in this article. Biofilms, which are challenging to remove, are involved in all implant‐associated illnesses. It takes a small quantity of microorganisms to create a biofilm on the implant surface. Skin flora bacteria are implicated in the majority of illnesses. Microorganisms that cause disruptions in wound healing make their way to the implant either during or right after surgery. In about two thirds of patients, implant‐associated infections manifest early (within the first month after surgery), whereas the remaining infections present later as a result of low‐grade infections or by direct extension from adjacent infections (per continuitatem) to the implants due to soft tissue damage. Except for ventriculo‐atrial cerebrospinal fluid shunts, neurosurgical implants are rarely infected by the haematogenous route. This research examines established and clinically validated principles that are applicable to a range of surgical specialties using implants to treat biofilm‐associated infections in orthopaedic and trauma cases. Nevertheless, there is little evidence and no evaluation in sizable patient populations to support the success of this extrapolation to neurosurgical patients. An optimal microbiological diagnostic, which includes sonicating removed implants and extending culture incubation times, is necessary for a positive result. Additionally, a strategy combining surgical and antibiotic therapy is needed. Surgical procedures involve a suitable debridement along with implant replacement or exchange, contingent on the biofilm's age and the state of the soft tissue. A protracted biofilm‐active therapy is a component of antimicrobial treatment, usually lasting 4–12 weeks. This idea is appealing because it allows implants to be changed or kept in place for a single surgical procedure in a subset of patients. This not only enhances quality of life but also lowers morbidity because each additional neurosurgical procedure increases the risk of secondary complications like intracerebral bleeding or ischemia.
ALKBH5 regulates ovarian cancer growth via demethylating long noncoding RNA PVT1 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Lin , Chen Jie , Wang Ao , Yi Ke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA PVT1 is reported to act as an oncogene in several kinds of cancers, especially ovarian cancer (OV). Abnormal levels of N6‐methyladenosine, a dynamic and reversible modification, are associated with tumorigenesis and malignancies. Our previous study reported that PVT1 plays critical roles in regulating OV. However, it is still largely unknown how m6A modification affects OV via PVT1. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of ALKBH5 by affecting PVT1 in OV. We first found that the PVT1 RNA level was higher in OV cells than in IOSE80 cells, and conversely, the m6A modification level of PVT1 was lower in OV cells. By searching the HPA, ALKBH5, which is responsible for PVT1 demethylation, was found to be upregulated in OV tissues versus normal ovarian tissues. ALKBH5 binds to PVT1 RNA, and knockdown of ALKBH5 decreased PVT1 RNA levels. ALKBH5 also increased FOXM1 levels by upregulating PVT1, at least partially. Knockdown of ALKBH5 suppressed OV growth, colony formation, tumour formation and invasion, which were partially reversed by overexpression of PVT1. Moreover, ALKBH5 knockdown decreased FOXM1 levels by regulating PVT1 RNA expression, subsequently increasing the sensitivity to carboplatin, 5‐FU and docetaxel chemotherapy. Taken together, these results indicate that ALKBH5 directly regulates the m6A modification and stability of PVT1. Then, modified PVT1 further regulates FOXM1 and thus affects malignant behaviours and chemosensitivity in OV cells. All these results indicate that ALKBH5 regulates the malignant behaviour of OV by regulating PVT1/FOXM1.
Efficacy of scalp stimulation for multidomain cognitive impairment in patients with post‐stroke cognitive impairment and dementia: A network meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of moderators
Authors: Xu Minjie , Li Ying , Zhang Chi , Ma Yanan , Zhang Leyi , Yang Yuai , Zhang Zihan , Meng Tiantian , He Junyi , Wang Haifang , Li Shuren , Kranz Georg S , Zhao Mingjing , Chang Jingling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundScalp stimulation has gained more traction for post‐stroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID); the interaction between stimulation targets and parameters influences the response to the stimulation. However, the most efficacious treatment for improving different domains of cognitive impairment remains unknown.ObjectiveWe aimed to conduct a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of various scalp stimulation protocols used in PSCID treatment.MethodsRandomized controlled trials of scalp stimulation in patients with PSCID were searched in eight databases over the past 20 years. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) for global and subdomain cognitive scores were pooled in Bayesian NMA. Moderators were examined using meta‐regression analysis.ResultsA total of 90 trials, with 6199 patients, were included. Low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the unaffected dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was highly suggested for alleviating global severity (SMD = 1.11, 95% CI (0.64, 1.57)). High‐frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC was recommended for language use (1.85 (1.18, 2.52)), executive function (0.85 (0.36, 1.33)), orientation deficits (0.59 (0.07, 1.13)), and attention (0.85 (0.27, 1.43)). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the affected DLPFC (2.03 (0.72, 3.34)) was recommended for treating memory impairment. Meta‐regression analyses showed significant associations within attention, language and orientation.ConclusionOverall, different cognitive domains have different optimal scalp stimulation prescriptions, and activating the affected key brain regions and inhibiting the unaffected area is still the most effective treatment.
Prevalence and prognostic value of electrocardiographic abnormalities in hypokalemia: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kildegaard Helene , Brabrand Mikkel , Forberg Jakob Lundager , Platonov Pyotr , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypokalemia is common in hospitalized patients and associated with ECG abnormalities. The prevalence and prognostic value of ECG abnormalities in hypokalemic patients are, however, not well established.MethodsThe study was a multicentered cohort study, including all ault patients with an ECG and potassium level <4.4 mmol/L recorded at arrival to four emergency departments in Denmark and Sweden. Using computerized measurements from ECGs, we investigated the relationship between potassium levels and heart rate, QRS duration, corrected QT (QTc) interval, ST‐segment depressions, T‐wave flattening, and T‐wave inversion using cubic splines. Within strata of potassium levels, we further estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for 7‐day mortality, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest, comparing patients with and without specific ECG abnormalities matched 1:2 on propensity scores.ResultsAmong 79,599 included patients, decreasing potassium levels were associated with a concentration‐dependent increase in all investigated ECG variables. ECG abnormalities were present in 40% of hypokalemic patients ([K+] <3.5 mmol/L), with T‐wave flattening, ST‐segment depression, and QTc prolongation occurring in 27%, 16%, and 14%. In patients with mild hypokalemia ([K+] 3.0–3.4 mmol/L), a heart rate >100 bpm, ST‐depressions, and T‐wave inversion were associated with increased HRs for 7‐day mortality and ICU admission, whereas only a heart rate >100 bpm predicted both mortality and ICU admission among patients with [K+] <3.0 mmol/L. HR estimates were, however, similar to those in eukalemic patients. The low number of events with ventricular arrhythmia limited evaluation for this outcome.ConclusionsECG abnormalities were common in hypokalemic patients, but they are poor prognostic markers for short‐term adverse events under the current standard of care.
Temporomandibular disorder patients with excessive daytime sleepiness present greater pain intensity and reduced jaw function
Authors: Xiong Xin , Xiao Chu‐Qiao , Yang Yi‐Chun , Li Yi‐Jun , Cheng Qiao‐Yu , Wang Xiao‐Yi , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSleep disorders are associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Limited studies have focused on excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and its impact on jaw functions in TMD patients.ObjectiveThe aim of the present investigation was to identify the impact of EDS on pain and jaw function in TMD patients.MethodsA total of 338 TMD patients (50 males and 288 females) was included. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to classify patients into EDS group (score ≥ 10) and non‐EDS group (score < 10). The Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 8‐item (JFLS‐8) was used to assess the severity of jaw dysfunction. Pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9‐item (PHQ‐9). All included patients were diagnosed with pain‐related TMD (PT), intra‐articular TMD (IT) or combined TMD (CT).ResultsCompared with non‐EDS patients, EDS patients exhibited more severe jaw dysfunction, greater pain intensity and higher PHQ‐9 scores (p < .05). Multivariate analyses showed that EDS (B = 3.69), female gender (B = 3.69), and elevated GAD‐7 score (B = 0.73) were significantly associated with an increased score on the JFLS‐8 (p < .05). Moreover, bivariate logistic regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between EDS and PT (OR = 2.70, p = .007).ConclusionThe presence of EDS was more closely related to PT, but the causal relationship between them needs to be further confirmed. More concern and intervention to alleviate poor sleep quality might be highlighted during the treatment of TMD, especially PT subtype.
Assessment of oropharyngeal respiratory volume and sleep apnoea scores using peripheral arterial tonometry may improve diagnosis and treatment planning of combined dysgnathia therapy approaches
Authors: Wiechens Bernhard , Backhaus Sören J. , Oestreicher David , Beutner Dirk , Schliephake Henning , Meyer‐Marcotty Philipp , Brockmeyer Phillipp 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreased daytime sleepiness is a frequently reported symptom in patients with pronounced dysgnathia.ObjectivesThis study investigated possible correlations using home peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) and oropharyngeal airway volume determination in patients with dysgnathia and daytime sleepiness.MethodsTwenty patients (13 male, median age 27.6 ± 6.8 years) with abnormal sleep history and 10 skeletal neutral configured controls (6 male, median age 29.5 ± 4.2 years) with normal sleep history were examined. Patients and controls were evaluated for apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), snoring volume (dB), total sleep time (TST) and REM‐percentage (REM). Airway volumetry was measured via CBCT. Individual user experience for PAT was assessed using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ).ResultsPatients had significantly higher respiratory scores than controls. AHI increased 4.6‐fold (p = .006), RDI 2.5‐fold (p = .008) and ODI 6.4‐fold (p < .001). Oropharyngeal volumes showed a 30% decrease (p = .003). dB, TST and REM showed no significant differences. AHI (r = −.51; p = .005), ODI (r = −.60; p < .001) and RDI (r = −.45; p = .016) correlated negatively with pharyngeal volume. Wits appraisal correlated negatively with oropharyngeal volume (r = −.47; p = .010) and positively with AHI (r = .41; p = .03) and ODI (r = .49; p = .007). dB and TST (r = −.49; p = .008) and REM and RDI (r = −.43; p = .02) correlated negatively. UEQ‐KPI (2.17 ± 0.24) confirmed excellent usability of PAT.ConclusionPatients with mandibular retrognathia and abnormal sleep history showed significantly higher respiratory indices and smaller oropharyngeal volumes than neutrally configured controls. The dygnathia severity directly influenced the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea.
Does oral health goal setting during medical visits improve parents' oral health behaviors?
Authors: Talla Sneha , Flowerday Cherith , Dickinson Miriam , Braun Patricia A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Rocky Mountain Network for Oral Health (RoMoNOH) promotes the delivery of preventive oral health services (POHS) to children receiving care at community health centers (CHCs) in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. One POHS is oral health goal setting (OHGS). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of OHGS during medical visits on parent/caregiver‐reported oral health behaviors (OHBs).MethodsThe RoMoNOH implementation team trained CHC healthcare providers in POHS, including caries risk assessment, oral health education, fluoride varnish application, dental referrals, and parent/caregiver oral health engagement. To promote parents' oral health engagement, healthcare providers were trained in motivational interviewing (MI) with OHGS at medical visits. To evaluate the impact of MI with OHGS on parent/caregiver OHBs, a healthcare team member invited parents/caregivers to complete a baseline survey after their medical visits. The evaluation team sent a follow‐up survey after 10–14 days. The surveys measured parents/caregivers' goals, confidence in goal attainment, OHBs, and sociodemographics; the follow‐up survey also measured OHGS attainment. Improvement in parent/caregiver‐reported OHBs was tested with a paired t‐test and unadjusted and adjusted multiple linear regression.ResultsIn total, 426 parents/caregivers completed the baseline survey; 184 completed both surveys. OHBs, including toothbrushing frequency, stopping bed bottles, drinking tap water, and brushing with fluoride toothpaste improved over the evaluation interval. After adjusting for covariates, brushing with fluoride toothpaste (p = 0.01), drinking tap water (p = 0.03), and removing bed bottles (p = 0.03) improved significantly.ConclusionMI with OHGS with parents/caregivers during medical visits has potential to improve OHBs on behalf of their children.
Effect of hospitalisation on the rate of surgical site infection in dogs with Penrose drains
Authors: Charlesworth T. , Sampaio E. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to retrospectively report complication and infection rates associated with the use of Penrose drains in a large population of dogs; and to compare complication and infection rates of dogs hospitalised for maintenance of their Penrose drains with those that were discharged home with their drains in place.Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective search of medical records from 2014 to 2022 for dogs that had a Penrose drain placed into a wound in one institution. Our population was sub‐divided into dogs discharged home with a drain in place; dogs discharged only after drain removal; and dogs recovered part of the time in hospital and part at home (with the drain in situ). Postoperative complications were graded using the Clavien‐Dindo scale.ResultsTwo hundred and eight dogs were included. The overall complication rate was 40.9% (85/208), with most complications considered minor. The overall infection rate was 16.9% (35/207). Dogs discharged home with the drain in situ <24 hours after surgery (n=136) had similar complication (39.0%) and infection (16.2%) rates to dogs kept hospitalised for drain care (n=50, 42.9%, 18.4%) and dogs kept hospitalised for >24 hours but discharged with the drain in situ (n=18, 50.0%, 22.2%).Clinical SignificanceOur study results show no significant influence on the complication or infection rates between dogs that were hospitalised for drain care and those discharged home with drains in situ within 24 hours of surgery.
Evaluation of the benefit of the addition of 1% topical luliconazole versus topical bland emollient to the systemic itraconazole therapy for the management of disseminated dermatophytosis: A randomised control trial
Authors: Rana Deval K. , Shah Tithi S. , Rohit Mansi H. , Patel Nayankumar H. , Khadela Avinash D. , Oza Yaksh P. , Padhiyar Jigna K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present epidemic of dermatophytosis in India is marked by an increase in chronic, recurrent and disseminated cases. A combination of oral itraconazole and topical luliconazole is being increasingly utilised by dermatologists in India. The superiority of this combination is not supported by robust clinical trial data.ObjectiveWe conducted this randomised, open‐label, two arms, parallel assignment intervention trial between November 2022 and May 2023 to determine the superiority of topical 1% Luliconazole over bland emollient as adjuvant to systemic Itraconazole therapy in the management of dermatophytosis.MethodIn this study, 135 patients of either sex were randomised to two study cohorts. Major exclusions being concomitant medical illness, use of concomitant medication and substance abuse. Participants were randomly assigned to receive topical bland emollient, (Cohort I, n = 67) or topical luliconazole, (Cohort II, n = 68). Both cohorts received oral itraconazole 200 mg/day (100 mg BID) and levocetirizine 5 mg twice a day as a systemic regime. Clinical and mycological cure at the end of 6 weeks and clinical relapse among cure patients during 10‐week follow‐up were observed.ResultsThe cure rates for Cohorts I and II at 6 weeks were 50 (74.62%) and 56 (82.35%), (p = .46), respectively. During the 4‐week follow‐up period, clinical relapses were observed in 16 (32%) of the 50 patients in Cohort I and 12 (21.43%) of the 56 patients in Cohort II (p = .18). Luliconazole cohort shows a significantly higher medical cost (p < .05).ConclusionOur study shows a similar cure rate and relapse rate for patients receiving topical Luliconazole versus topical bland emollient as an adjuvant to the systemic itraconazole regime.
On the mechanism of visible‐light sensitized photosulfoxidation of toluidine blue O
Authors: Otero‐González Jennifer , Querini‐Sanguillén Whitney , Torres‐Mendoza Daniel , Yevdayev Ikhil , Yunayev Sharon , Nahar Kamrun , Yoo Barney , Greer Alexander , Fuentealba Denis , Robinson‐Duggon José 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report on the formation of toluidine blue O (TBO) sulfoxide by a self‐sensitized photooxidation of TBO. Here, the photosulfoxidation process was studied by mass spectrometry (MS) and discussed in the context of photodemethylation processes which both contribute to TBO consumption over time. Analysis of solvent effects with D2O, H2O, and CH3CN along with product yields and MS fragmentation patterns provided mechanistic insight into TBO sulfoxide's formation. The formation of TBO sulfoxide is minor and detectable up to 12% after irradiation of 3 h. The photosulfoxidation process is dependent on oxygen wherein instead of a type II (singlet oxygen, 1O2) reaction, a type I reaction involving TBO to reach the TBO sulfoxide is consistent with the results. Density functional theory results point to the formation of the TBO sulfoxide by the oxidation of TBO via transiently formed peroxyl radical or thiadioxirane intermediates. We discover that the TBO photosulfoxidation arises competitively with TBO photodemethylation with the latter leading to formaldehyde formation.
Incidence of major cardiovascular events at 1, 2, and 5 years and mortality in incident patients on peritoneal dialysis regarding their nutritional status by bioimpedanciometry: A multicenter study in Colombia
Authors: Torres Rodolfo , Reina Maricely , Olivares Orlando , Rosselli Carlos , Montoya María , Reales Marginis , Andrade David , Centeno Carlos , Briceño Robert , Buitrago David , Hernández Leonardo , Morales Jesús , Delgado Caterin , Gresott Ella , Gutiérrez Gerardo , Molina Carolina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe nutritional status of incident patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been associated with survival outcomes. Bioimpedanciometry (BCM) enables to establish a nutritional diagnosis, the volume status, and correlates these findings with survival.MethodsThis study used a retrospective multicenter historical cohort.ResultsIn this study, which included 420 incident patients on peritoneal dialysis with a 5‐year follow‐up, a cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of 28.8% was found, being higher in the diabetic population at 36.8%. In regard to the nutritional status in this population, it was found that approximately 44% had altered nutritional status; 34% were found to be in sarcopenia; 6.7% sarcopenic obesity; and 2.8% in obesity (p < 0.001). In the survival analysis, a lower probability of survival was found in patients with overhydration (OH) greater than 3 L (p < 0.001) and in patients with altered nutritional status due to sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and obesity (p 0.016). According to survival in the subgroup of the diabetic population, a lower probability of survival was found in this group of patients (p: 0.011). The overall mortality of the study population was 18%, being higher in the first 2 years, with the most important causes of mortality being cardiovascular. Of the deceased population, 51% were diabetic patients (p: 0.012).ConclusionIn incident patients on peritoneal dialysis, sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia, overhydration status determined by BCM, and having a diagnosis of diabetes are related to a lower probability of survival; MACE outcomes are more frequent in the diabetic population.