bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of mantle indentation in collisional deformation evidenced by deep geophysical imaging of Western Alps
Authors: Schwartz Stéphane , Rolland Yann , Nouibat Ahmed , Boschetti Louise , Bienveignant Dorian , Dumont Thierry , Mathey Marguerite , Sue Christian , Mouthereau Frédéric 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn collision belts, the first-order role of the mantle in localizing deformation has remained elusive, as the resolution of geophysical imaging remains too low to constrain crustal geometry. To address this issue, we geologically interpret a recent high-resolution shear-wave velocity model from ambient-noise tomography of Western Alps. We show that the lower crustal Alpine geometry is highly variable at depth, evolving from a preserved European crustal slab in the South to a smooth crustal root in the North. Moho morphology is controlled by numerous pre-existing major faults reactivated during the Alpine orogeny. Two mantle indenters located above the subducted European plate at different depths appear to control the locus of active deformation. The rigid nature of Adria mantle explains the localization of brittle deformation that is transferred towards the upper crust. The strain-field partitioning results in a combination of strike-slip with either shortening or extension controlled by the anticlockwise rotation of Adria.
Hydrological records can be used to reconstruct the resilience of watersheds to climatic extremes
Authors: Huffaker Ray , Campo-Bescós Miguel Ángel , Luquin Eduardo , Sarasibar Javier Casalí , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrologic resilience modeling is used in public watershed management to assess watershed ability to supply life-supporting ecoservices under extreme climatic and environmental conditions. Literature surveys criticize resilience models for failing to capture watershed dynamics and undergo adequate testing. Both shortcomings compromise their ability to provide management options reliably protecting water security under real-world conditions. We formulate an empirical protocol to establish real-world correspondence. The protocol applies empirical nonlinear dynamics to reconstruct hydrologic dynamics from watershed records, and analyze the response of reconstructed dynamics to extreme regional climatic conditions. We devise an AI-based early-warning system to forecast (out-of-sample) reconstructed hydrologic resilience dynamics. Application to the La Tejería (Spain) experimental watershed finds it to be a low dimensional nonlinear deterministic dynamic system responding to internal stressors by irregularly oscillating along a watershed attractor. Reconstructed and forecasted hydrologic resilience behavior faithfully captures monthly wet-cold/dry-warm weather patterns characterizing the Mediterranean region.
Global river economic belts can become more sustainable by considering economic and ecological processes
Authors: Wang Yichu , Ni Jinren , Wan Jinbo , Xu Jianhua , Zheng Chunmiao , Borthwick Alistair George Liam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh-quality regional development requires coupling of socioeconomic and natural domains, but it remains unclear how to effectively integrate the regional economy with river basin ecosystems. Here we establish a developmental perspective of 65 river economic belts, formed through history along the main stems of the world’s great rivers, covering initial, developing, and developed stages. We find that river economic belts characterized by basin-based regional integration can substantially upgrade their eco-efficiency through the harmonization of enhanced regional economic growth and efficient utilization of basin resources, once key prerequisites (e.g., gross domestic product per capita, de-industrialization status, and human development index) are met for river economic belts entering the developed stage. Importantly, primary concerns such as resource stress, environmental pollution, and biodiversity loss are also inherently addressed. Under representative scenarios of regional development planning and climate change (2015–2050), the basin-based regional integration strategy would provide river economic belts with new opportunities and pathways towards sustainability in emerging regions worldwide.
Spatiotemporal management of solar, wind and hydropower across continental Europe
Authors: Wörman Anders , Pechlivanidis Ilias , Mewes Daniela , Riml Joakim , Bertacchi Uvo Cintia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWeather climate fluctuations cause large variations in renewable electricity production, which requires substantial amounts of energy storage to overcome energy drought periods. Based on daily hydroclimatic data and information about renewable power systems covering Europe, here we quantify the complementarity in the solar-wind-hydro energy components of the continental climate system. We show that the spatiotemporal management of renewable electricity production over Europe can induce a virtual energy storage gain that is several times larger than the available energy storage capacity in hydropower reservoirs. The potential electricity production matches the consumption by spatiotemporal management of suitable shares of solar and wind power complemented with the present hydropower. While the mixed renewable energy potential varies less than anticipated at the continental scale, utilization of the complementarity requires new continental electrical transmission lines and stable international trade. We highlight that management models need to consider incentives beyond national boundaries to appropriately benefit from continental climate conditions.
Intelligent reinforcement training optimisation of dispatch strategy for provincial power grids with multi‐agent systems: Considering operational risks and backup availability
Authors: Shi Wenlong , Han Xiao , Wang Xinying , Pu Tianjiao , Zhang Dongxia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to optimise resource allocation within the province, a two‐stage scheduling model for provincial‐level power grids, encompassing day‐ahead and intra‐day stages is proposed. Firstly, a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network is employed to generate scenarios for load and new energy output. Based on the generated scenario set, the model takes into account the uncertainty and permissible error intervals of new energy and load, utilising conditional value at risk to measure the system scheduling risk. In the day‐ahead stage, an optimisation model is proposed, considering intra‐provincial power purchase demands, with the goal of minimising system operating costs, including risk costs. It optimises day‐ahead scheduling and contingency plans to ensure economic efficiency and robustness of the system based on extreme scenarios. During the training phase, the dataset is enhanced using Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and updated daily, improving the training effectiveness of the multi‐agent proximal policy optimisation intra‐day scheduling model. In the intra‐day stage, the intra‐day scheduling model utilises ultra‐short‐term forecasting data as input to generate contingency plans for dispatching reserve units. Experiments conducted on the IEEE 39‐node system validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Predicted asteroseismic detection yield for solar-like oscillating stars with PLATO
Authors: Goupil M. J. , Catala C. , Samadi R. , Belkacem K. , Ouazzani R. M. , Reese D. R. , Appourchaux T. , Mathur S. , Cabrera J. , Börner A. , Paproth C. , Moedas N. , Verma K. , Lebreton Y. , Deal M. , Ballot J. , Chaplin W. J. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Cunha M. , Lanza A. F. , Miglio A. , Morel T. , Serenelli A. , Mosser B. , Creevey O. , Moya A. , Garcia R. A. , Nielsen M. B. , Hatt E. 
Published: January 2024

Aims.In this work, we determine the expected yield of detections of solar-like oscillations for the targets of the foreseen PLATO ESA mission. Our estimates are based on a study of the detection probability, which takes into account the properties of the target stars, using the information available in the PIC 1.1.0, including the current best estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). The stellar samples, as defined for this mission, include those with the lowest noise level (P1 and P2 samples) and the P5 sample, which has a higher noise level. For the P1 and P2 samples, the S/N is high enough (by construction) that we can assume that the individual mode frequencies can be measured. For these stars, we estimate the expected uncertainties in mass, radius, and age due to statistical errors induced by uncertainties from the observations only.Methods.We used a formulation from the literature to calculate the detection probability. We validated this formulation and the underlying assumptions withKeplerdata. Once validated, we applied this approach to the PLATO samples. Using againKeplerdata as a calibration set, we also derived relations to estimate the uncertainties of seismically inferred stellar mass, radius, and age. We then applied those relations to the main sequence stars with masses equal to or below 1.2M⊙belonging to the PLATO P1 and P2 samples and for which we predict a positive seismic detection.Results.We found that we can expect positive detections of solar-like oscillations for more than 15 000 FGK stars in one single field after a two-year observation run. Among them, 1131 main sequence stars with masses of ≤1.2 M⊙satisfy the PLATO requirements for the uncertainties of the seismically inferred stellar masses, radii, and ages. The baseline observation programme of PLATO consists of observing two fields of similar size (one in the southern hemisphere and one in the northern hemisphere) for two years apiece. Accordingly, the expected seismic yields of the mission amount to over 30 000 FGK dwarfs and subgiants, with positive detections of solar-like oscillations. This sample of expected solar-like oscillating stars is large enough to enable the PLATO mission’s stellar objectives to be amply satisfied.Conclusions.The PLATO mission is expected to produce a catalog sample of extremely well seismically characterized stars of a quality that is equivalent to theKeplerLegacy sample, but containing a number that is about 80 times greater, when observing two PLATO fields for two years apiece. These stars are a gold mine that will make it possible to make significant advances in stellar modelling.
Venous Thromboembolism in Children: The Rivaroxaban Experience
Authors: Spiezia Luca , Campello Elena , Tormene Daniela , Simioni Paolo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the pediatric population has increased more than 10-fold in the last 20 years, as a consequence of the advancement of resuscitation and surgical techniques and the global increase in life expectancy of children suffering from chronic pathologies. Monitoring anticoagulant therapy to achieve outcomes within the target range in childhood VTE, parenteral administration of medications, and frequent blood tests in children are often cumbersome. Availability of safe and effective oral agents with pediatric data to support use would be of clear benefit. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to estimate the appropriate dosing schedule for rivaroxaban in children. This incorporated growth/maturation and variability in anthropometrics (e.g., body height, weight, and body mass index), anatomy (e.g., organ weight), physiology (e.g., blood flow rates), metabolism and excretion. Rivaroxaban use in pediatric population underwent a complete investigational program, consisting mainly of one phase I pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics trial, three phase II trials, one phase III trial. The phase III trial enrolled 500 patients from birth to <18 years and documented the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban regimens at dose equivalent to the adult 20 mg dose for the prevention of fatal or symptomatic nonfatal recurrent VTE and major bleeding versus heparin or vitamin K antagonists. Results were similar to those in rivaroxaban studies in adults. The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in children reported in the EINSTEIN JUNIOR trial provide further support to previous trials in adults (EINSTEIN Program), which demonstrate a favorable profile for the use of rivaroxaban for the management of VTE in challenging patient populations. Other clinical evidence contributing to the use of rivaroxaban among different risk groups in pediatric VTE population confirms the consistency with principal trial. Our review aims to describe the rationale for using rivaroxaban oral suspension in clinical practice and to summarize its multiple indications in each vascular bed (e.g., cerebral venous thrombosis, symptomatic or asymptomatic central venous catheter-associated thrombosis), etiology, and patients setting.
Transacting knowledge when there are no schools during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria: the SENSE-transactional radio instruction experience
Authors: Obukoadata Presly R. , Hammler Katharina , Yusuf Hassan , Liman Audu , Olumoh Jamiu S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines the SENSE-TRI program’s effectiveness in improving the fundamental literacy skills of grade 3 learners in insurgency-challenged Gombe and Adamawa states of Nigeria during the COVID-19 lockdown. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with 400 participants equally divided between randomly selected schools and pupils from SENSE intervention schools (the treatment group) and a counterfactual group from schools and pupils not participating in the SENSE-TRI program (the comparison group). The learners’ performance in both groups was assessed by the abbreviated Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA), focusing on tasks such as letter-sound identification, syllable sound identification, familiar word reading, invented word reading, and reading comprehension. The TRI program compared learners’ scores in the treatment group with those of learners in the comparison group using Tobit regression models. The results revealed that sociodemographic variables had no significant independent influence on the observed outcomes. However, the scores showed a statistically significant improvement in the literacy abilities of the treatment group on all parameters and tasks compared to the control group. This improvement exceeded the initial SENSE baseline reading proficiency aggregate values, indicating the program’s effectiveness in both challenging and normal circumstances as a possible way out when no schools exist.
Non-masticatory striations on human teeth from the British Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic
Authors: Crété Lucile , Parfitt Simon A. , Day Charles , Bello Silvia M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNon-masticatory labial striations on human anterior teeth are a form of cultural dental wear well recorded throughout the Pleistocene, which has been interpreted as resulting from the use of the mouth as a ‘third hand’ when processing different materials during daily activities, such as cutting meat or working hides with stone tools. Non-masticatory scratches have also been reported on the buccal surface of molars and premolars, although at a far lower frequency compared to the anterior dentition. Previous studies observed an apparent decrease through time in the occurrence of non-masticatory scratches on human teeth, with labial striations appearing to be rare for the Neolithic compared to earlier periods. This study further tests this previously observed pattern through the analysis of over 900 human teeth from 20 sites across England and Wales dating from the Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic, to discuss the distribution and aetiology of non-masticatory striations in the British archaeological record. To record and assess the micro-morphometric characteristics of these dental alterations, macroscopic and microscopic analytical techniques were used. Results show that non-masticatory labial striations are still found on Neolithic teeth, although at a decreased frequency when compared to hunter-gatherer (Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic) samples. This may be partly due to changes in diets and food processing methods, as well as types of processed materials and changes in manual handling arising from the inception of the Neolithic in Britain. The sample also includes Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic teeth with non-masticatory striations likely associated with funerary practices or cannibalistic treatment of cadavers. Analyses of these marks suggest that striations inflicted during the post-mortem cutting of cadavers from cannibalism or funerary practices differ in their location and micro-morphology, compared with non-masticatory striations produced during the life of an individual using the mouth as a ‘third hand’.
Stock price reactions to reopening announcements after China abolished its zero-COVID policy
Authors: Chang Zheng , NG Alex Wei Fung , Peng Siying , Shi Dandi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs global economies strive for post-COVID recovery, stock market reactions to reopening announcements have become crucial indicators. Though previous research has extensively focused on COVID’s detrimental impact on stock markets, the effects of reopening remain underexplored. This study provides the first causal analysis of the effect of easing restrictions on Chinese firms’ stock prices following the end of China’s three-year Zero-COVID policy. Utilizing regression-discontinuity design, we find that most relaxed measures had minimal or negative impact. However, stock prices jumped 1.4% immediately after the full reopening announcement on December 26, 2022. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we also note a 1.6% increase in the stock prices of Mainland China firms relative to firms in other districts on the Hong Kong stock market two months post-reopening. Our findings offer key insights for policymakers and contribute significantly to academic discourse on the causal relationship between reopening policies and stock market performance.
Pro-religion attitude predicts lower vaccination coverage at country level
Authors: Mao Zhe-Fei , Li Qi-Wei , Wang Yi-Ming , Zhou Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to address vaccine coverage inequality. Despite calls from scientists and national organizations, progress in ensuring equitable access to vaccines has been slow. This study aims to reveal the COVID-19 vaccine coverage inequality and investigate the predictive effect of attitudes toward science and religion on real-word vaccination uptake. We draw on three high-quality, large-scale databases to unveil real-world vaccine coverage, which stood at an average of 53% of the population by mid-2022. The vaccination rate varies based on a country’s income, with higher-income nations having higher vaccination rates and faster vaccination speed. Regression models and a multiverse analysis reveal that both country-level attitudes towards science and religion, as well as religious faith, are linked to vaccination rate at the country level. Countries where a higher proportion of the population prioritize religious beliefs over scientific evidence when the two come into conflict tend to have lower vaccination coverage rates and slower vaccination speeds. These findings suggest that scientists and policymakers must take into account social and cultural characteristics of populations when addressing vaccine inequality.
The first observation of GAM induced by negative biasing in J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Yang Qinghu , Chen Zhipeng , Guo Jinlong , Xu Xin , Chen Zhongyong , Yang Zhoujun ,   the J-TEXT team
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recently, the geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) induced by negative electrode biasing (EB) are first observed in J-TEXT tokamak, and the electrostatic and magnetic fluctuation characteristics of GAMs and ambient turbulence (AT) are measured by combined Langmuir-magnetic probe. Experimental results reveal that with the ramped up negative biasing, the mean flow shear gradually strengthens, and exciting a high-frequency GAM (H-GAM) and a low-frequency GAM (L-GAM) with frequencies of 24 kHz and 17 kHz respectively. With the combined effects of

E
r

×
B

shear by EB and

E
˜

r

×
B

shear by GAMs, the amplitude of AT is effectively suppressed, leading to an improvement in plasma confinement. This work investigates the relationship between AT, GAM zonal flows and

E
r

×
B

mean flow shear, which provides proper mean flow shear can enhance the Reynolds stress via enhancement of symmetry breaking and thus enhance the amplitude of GAMs, but excessive flow shear can simultaneously suppress AT and GAM zonal flows.
Subwavelength negative refraction and flexural wave lens design via resonant double-negative piezoelectric metamaterial
Authors: Enrico Quadrelli Davide , Marconi Jacopo , Braghin Francesco , Erturk Alper 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report the concept and demonstration of a double-negative, resonant metamaterial characterized by both dynamic negative mass and stiffness for negative refraction of flexural wave modes by means of a lens designed using this concept. The negative equivalent material properties are obtained in the subwavelength regime by concurrently exploiting both the effect of mechanical resonators (negative mass) and of piezoelectric patches with inductive resonant shunts (negative stiffness), leading to double-negative behavior. Following the theoretical foundations based on a modal framework, we analytically derive the frequency-dependent mass and stiffness properties as a function of the electromechanical parameters. The findings are corroborated by numerical computation of dispersion properties and simulations showing the focusing of a point source. As a case study, energy harvesting performance enhancement by exploiting the piezoelectric effect at the focal spot is also discussed.
Characterizing quantum gases in time-controlled disorder realizations using cross-correlations of density distributions
Authors: Hiebel Silvia , Nagler Benjamin , Barbosa Sian , Koch Jennifer , Widera Artur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The role of disorder on physical systems has been widely studied in the macroscopic and microscopic world. While static disorder is well understood in many cases, the impact of time-dependent disorder on quantum gases is still poorly investigated. In our experimental setup, we introduce and characterize a method capable of producing time-controlled optical-speckle disorder. Experimentally, coherent light illuminates a combination of a static and a rotating diffuser, thereby collecting a spatially varying phase due to the diffusers’ structure and a temporally variable phase due to the relative rotation. Controlling the rotation of the diffuser allows changing the speckle realization or, for future work, the characteristic time scale of the change of the speckle pattern, i.e. the correlation time, matching typical time scales of the quantum gases investigated. We characterize the speckle pattern ex-situ by measuring its intensity distribution cross-correlating different intensity patterns. In-situ, we observe its impact on a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) and cross-correlate the density distributions of BECs probed in different speckle realizations. As one diffuser rotates relative to the other around the common optical axis, we trace the optical speckle’s intensity cross-correlations and the quantum gas’ density cross-correlations. Our results show comparable outcomes for both measurement methods. The setup allows us to tune the disorder potential adapted to the characteristics of the quantum gas. These studies pave the way for investigating nonequilibrium physics in interacting quantum gases using controlled dynamical-disorder potentials.