bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal community inside lichen: a curious case of sparse diversity and high modularity
Authors: Yang Jiho , Woo Jung-Jae , Oh Seung-Yoon , Kim Wonyong , Hur Jae-Seoun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundLichens represent not only the mutualism of fungal and photosynthetic partners but also are composed of microbial consortium harboring diverse fungi known as endolichenic fungi. While endolichenic fungi are known to exert a remarkable influence on lichen ecology through their crucial roles in nutrient cycling, bioprospecting and biodiversity, the enigmatic community structures of these fungal inhabitants remain shrouded in mystery, awaiting further exploration and discovery. To address knowledge gap, we conducted metabarcoding on two lichens using 18S gene amplification,Dirinara applantaandParmotrema tinctorum, and compared their microbial communities to those found in the pine bark to which the lichens were attached. Our hypothesis was that the endolichenic communities would exhibit distinct diversity patterns, community structures, network structures, and specialist composition compared to the surrounding epiphytic community.ResultsOur investigation has shed light on the clear demarcation between the endolichenic and epiphytic fungal communities, as they exhibit markedly different characteristics that set them apart from each other. This research demonstrated that the endolichenic communities are less diverse as compared to the epiphytic communities. Through community similarity analysis, we observed that two endolichenic communities are more similar to each other in terms of community composition than with the adjacent epiphytic communities. Moreover, we unveiled a striking contrast in the network structures between the endolichenic and epiphytic communities, as the former displayed a more modular and less nested features that is evocative of a potent host-filtration mechanism.ConclusionsThrough our investigation, we have discovered that lichens harbor less intricate and interconnected fungal communities compared to the neighboring epiphytic environment. These observations provide valuable insights into the metagenomic architecture of lichens and offer a tantalizing glimpse into the unique mycobiome.
A continuum of individual-level factors that influence modern contraceptive uptake and use: perspectives from community members and healthcare providers in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Kriel Yolandie , Milford Cecilia , Cordero Joanna Paula , Suleman Fatima , Steyn Petrus S. , Smit Jennifer Ann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
South Africa faces numerous sexual and reproductive health challenges that can be mitigated with contraceptive use. Contraceptive use is defined and measured as use, non-use, or discontinued use. Research has shown that there are expanded definitions of use beyond these categories. Identifying such categories may assist in a better understanding of factors that influence contraceptive use.

Setting and methodology
This qualitative study was conducted in the eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The aim was to explore the factors influencing the uptake and use of modern contraception. One hundred and twenty-seven participants were enrolled in this study. One hundred and three of those were community members, and twenty-five were healthcare providers. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted to gather the data. Data analysis was facilitated using NVivo 10 software.

Results
The data show that numerous factors influence contraceptive uptake and use. From these factors, a continuum of use that captures a variety of states of use emerged. Five different states of use were uncovered: no-use, vulnerable use, compelled use, conditional use, and autonomous use. The development of the model illustrates the complexity of contraceptive needs and that it extends beyond definitions found in policies and large-scale surveys. Expanding conceptions of use can aid in developing counselling and information support tools that can improve the uptake and continued use of modern contraception.
Electron microscopic analysis of necrotic bone and failed implant surface in a patient with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Ha Ji Young , Eo Mi Young , Sodnom-Ish Buyanbileg , Mustakim Kezia Rachellea , Myoung Hoon , Kim Soung Min 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Bisphosphonates (BP), a commonly used medication for various bone diseases, have been known to have severe complications such as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Failure of dental implants has also been found in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). In this study, we analyzed the necrotic bone tissues and the surface of the failed implants removed from the jaw in patients treated with BPs and antiresorptive agents.

Results
Chronic inflammatory cells with collagen and fibrous tissues and bone sequestrum were shown at 5.0 × , 10.0 × , 20.0 × , and 40.0 × magnified histologic sections in the bone and fibrotic scar tissues removed from patients with MRONJ due to osteonecrosis. Hardened bone tissues with microcracked bony resorbed lacunae were observed in SEM. Unlike the previously published comparative data where immune cells, such as dendritic cells, were found in the failed implant surface, these immune cells were not identified in the BRONJ-related peri-implantitis tissues through the TEM investigations. Furthermore, EDS revealed that in addition to the main titanium element, gold, carbon, oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur elements were found.

Conclusion
Hardened bone tissues with microcracked bony resorbed lacunae were observed in the SEM findings, which were considered as the main characteristic of the osteonecrosis of the jaw. Immune cells, such as dendritic cells were not identified in the TEM. EDS showed that in addition to the main titanium element, gold, carbon, oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, and silicon elements were found. Furthermore, it was revealed that sulfur was found, which was considered to be one of the complicated causes of implant failure in patients with BRONJ.
Stakeholder perceptions of preventive approaches to rheumatoid arthritis: qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ perspectives on predictive and preventive strategies
Authors: Wells Imogen , Simons Gwenda , Kanacherril Jasin Philip , Mallen Christian D. , Raza Karim , Falahee Marie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
There is increasing research interest in the development of preventive treatment for individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies have explored the perceptions of at-risk groups and patients about predictive and preventive strategies for RA, but little is known about health care professionals’ (HCPs) perspectives.

Methods
One-to-one semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted (face-to-face or by telephone) with HCPs. Audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed, and the data were analysed by thematic analysis.

Results
Nineteen HCPs (11 female) were interviewed, including ten GPs, six rheumatologists and three rheumatology nurse specialists. The thematic analysis identified four organising themes: 1) Attributes of predictive and preventive approaches; 2) Ethical and psychological concerns; 3) Implementation issues and 4) Learning from management of other conditions. Theme 1 described necessary attributes of predictive and preventive approaches, including the type and performance of predictive tools, the need for a sound evidence base and consideration of risks and benefits associated with preventive treatment. Theme 2 described the ethical and psycho-social concerns that interviewees raised, including the potential negative economic, financial and psychological effects of risk disclosure for ‘at-risk’ individuals, uncertainty around the development of RA and the potential for benefit associated with the treatments being considered. Theme 3 describes the implementation issues considered, including knowledge and training needs, costs and resource implications of implementing predictive and preventive approaches, the role of different types of HCPs, guidelines and tools needed, and patient characteristics relating to the appropriateness of preventive treatments. Theme 4 describes lessons that could be learned from interviewees’ experiences of prediction and prevention in other disease areas, including how preventive treatment is prescribed, existing guidelines and tools for other diseases and issues relating to risk communication.

Conclusions
For successful implementation of predictive and preventative approaches in RA, HCPs need appropriate training about use and interpretation of predictive tools, communication of results to at-risk individuals, and options for intervention. Evidence of cost-efficiency, appropriate resource allocation, adaptation of official guidelines and careful consideration of the at-risk individuals’ psycho-social needs are also needed.
Exploring gut microbiota in adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Associations with gut health and dietary prebiotics
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Yanxian , Jaramillo-Torres Alexander , Einen Olai , Jakobsen Jan Vidar , Krogdahl Åshild , Kortner Trond M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The importance of the gut microbiota for physiological processes in mammals is well established, but the knowledge of their functional roles in fish is still limited. The aims of this study were to investigate associations between variation in taxonomical composition of the gut microbiota and gut health status in Atlantic salmon and to explore possible modulatory effects of dietary prebiotics in one net-pen farm in open water. The fish with initial mean body weight of around 240 g were fed diets based on the same basal composition, either without (Ref diet) or with (Test diet) yeast cell wall based-prebiotics, during the marine production phase from December to September the following year. Sampling was conducted at three sampling time points: January, April, and September, with average water temperature of 3.9 ℃, 3.4 ℃ and 9.6 ℃, respectively.

Results
As the fish progressed towards September, growth, brush border membrane enzyme activities, and the expression in the gut of most of the observed genes involved in immune (e.g., il8, cd4a, myd88, il1b, gilt, tgfb, cd8b and cd3), barrier (e.g., zo1, occludin, ecad, claudin25b and claudin15), and metabolism increased significantly. Lipid accumulation in pyloric enterocytes decreased remarkably, suggesting improvement of gut health condition. The growth of the fish did not differ between dietary treatments. Further, dietary prebiotics affected the gut health only marginally regardless of duration of administration. Regarding gut microbiota composition, a decrease in alpha diversity (Observed species, Pielou and Shannon) over time was observed, which was significantly associated with an increase in the relative abundance of genus Mycoplasma and decrease in 32 different taxa in genus level including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Lactococcus. This indicates that developmental stage of Atlantic salmon is a determinant for microbial composition. Multivariate association analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Mycoplasma was positively correlated with gut barrier gene expression, negatively correlated with plasma glucose levels, and that its relative abundance slightly increased by exposure to prebiotics. Furthermore, certain LAB (e.g., Leuconostoc), belonging to the core microbiota, showed a negative development with time, and significant associations with plasma nutrients levels (e.g., triglyceride and cholesterol) and gene expression related to gut immune and barrier function.

Conclusions
As Atlantic salmon grew older under large-scale, commercial farm settings, the Mycoplasma became more prominent with a concomitant decline in LAB. Mycoplasma abundance correlated positively with time and gut barrier genes, while LAB abundance negatively correlated to time. Dietary prebiotics affected gut health status only marginally.
Successful treatment of multiple intracerebral aspergillosis with voriconazole alone in an Egyptian diabetic patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Ibrahim Hamdy , Maksod Safwat Abdel , Khorshed Magdy , Rady Hanan , Alsisi Ahmed , Mohamed Adel , Fouad Nasser , Hamed Ayman , Hosny Mohamed , Al Amir Alaaa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAspergillosis is a common fungus that lives in soil and decaying vegetation. Inhalation of the spores causes infection mostly in immunocompromised patients. Invasive aspergillosis has an extremely high mortality, and a definitive diagnosis requires histopathological evidence of deep tissue invasion or positive culture; however, this evidence is often difficult to obtain due to the critical nature of the patients in these situations. The sensitivity of culture in this setting is also low. The galactomannan test is a recent antigen–antibody serologic test that depends on detecting an antigen which is a molecule found in the cell wall of aspergillus species. A positive result supports the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. We present a case of multiple intracerebral brain abscesses in an immunosuppressed patient due to an aspergillus species diagnosed by the galactomannan test with an excellent response to the treatment with the novel voriconazole alone, without any surgical intervention, and the purpose is to alert the physicians, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists to consider the intracranial aspergillosis among the differential diagnosis of the acute onset encephalitis especially in immunocompromised patients as early diagnosis and treatment may be life-saving.
Glial plasticity at nervous system transition zones
Authors: Fontenas Laura 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) are two separate yet connected domains characterized by molecularly distinct cellular components that communicate via specialized structures called transition zones to allow information to travel from the CNS to the periphery, and vice versa. Until recently, nervous system transition zones were thought to be selectively permeable only to axons, and the establishment of the territories occupied by glial cells at these complex regions remained poorly described and not well understood. Recent work now demonstrates that transition zones are occupied by dynamic glial cells and are precisely regulated over the course of nervous system development. This review highlights recent work on glial cell migration in and out of the spinal cord, at motor exit point (MEP) and dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) transition zones, in the physiological and diseased nervous systems. These cells include myelinating glia (oligodendrocyte lineage cells, Schwann cells and motor exit point glia), exit glia, perineurial cells that form the perineurium along spinal nerves, as well as professional and non-professional phagocytes (microglia and neural crest cells).
The advancement of MRI in differentiating Modic type I degenerative changes from early spinal infections
Authors: Zhang Chengran , Liu Shaohua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
MRI is the most sensitive and specific imaging method for the detection of advanced spinal infections. However, the differential diagnosis of early spinal infection and Modic Type I degenerative changes based on conventional MRI is difficult clinically, as they both may mimic each other by showing hypointensity on T1 weighted images and hyperintensity on T2 weighted spine MRI images. This review summarizes recent advancements in MRI, which may be useful in discriminating degenerative Modic Type I endplate changes from early spinal infection, and evaluates the diagnostic accuracy and limitations of MRI. We aim to provide indications for early differential diagnosis to help initiate appropriate treatment in a timely manner so that associated complications can be avoided.
A cross sectional study of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings in shoulder joint pain in a tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Bhagyasri Nunna , Parihar P.h. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Shoulder joint injuries are frequent. The shoulder joint is particularly prone to joint dislocation because of its distinctive anatomy. There are several causes of the sore shoulder, however shoulder impingement is the most common one due to its widespread causes. High-resolution ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary imaging modalities for assessing suspected rotator cuff injuries. Ultrasonography is a method of first choice for evaluating rotator cuff injuries due to its widespread availability, lower price, and improved tolerance. Patients with questionable USG results may be given an MRI. Aim and objective: To evaluate high-resolution ultrasound and MRI findings in shoulder joint pain. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study will be conducted on 93 patients, who come to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural hospital associated with Jawaharlal Nehru medical college, a tertiary care center situated in the state of Maharashtra in India between the time frame of July 2022 to July 2024. Patients with shoulder joint pain will be submitted to a primary investigation ultrasound, followed by an MRI if there is any concern, according to the inclusion criteria. Using statistical methods, the strength of agreement between ultrasound and MRI will be found out. Outcome measures: The outcome will correlate ultrasound and MRI findings in shoulder joint pain and describe the relationship between the two.
Impact of physical therapy on the mobility, activity and independence of patients with stroke and total aphasia
Authors: Sybiriakin Yaroslav , Balazh Mariia 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study. To assess the effectiveness of physical therapy measures on the mobility, activity and independence indexes of patients with acute cerebrovascular accident and total aphasia at the inpatient stage of treatment.
Materials and methods. The study involved 62 patients after acute cerebrovascular accident with sensorimotor aphasia, who were divided into 2 groups: an intervention group, n=32, and a comparison group, n=30. Patients in both groups received standardized drug therapy and rehabilitation measures that included physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language therapy.
Results. During the initial examination, the Rivermead Mobility Index and the Barthel Index indicated the complete inability of patients to independently perform any voluntary movements and their complete dependence in Activities of Daily Living. At the final examination, there was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in the Barthel Index and the Rivermead Mobility Index in both groups, but the intervention group had a higher proportion of patients able to perform targeted activities independently. According to the Barthel Index, the proportion of patients who improved the degree of independence in Activities of Daily Living in the intervention group was 53.1%, while in the comparison group it was 13.3% (p=0.001).
Conclusions. Application of the developed algorithm of physical therapy measures at the inpatient stage of treatment contributed to a more significant improvement in mobility and independence of patients with stroke and sensorimotor aphasia, compared to the standard approach. The obtained data confirm the necessity of application a special approach to the management of the physical therapy process in patients with sensorimotor aphasia caused by acute cerebrovascular accident.
Secretary Problems with Biased Evaluations Using Partial Ordinal Information
Authors: Salem Jad , Gupta Swati 
Published: October 2023

The k-secretary problem deals with online selection of at most k numerically scored applicants, where selection decisions are immediate upon their arrival and irrevocable, with the goal of maximizing total score. There is, however, wide prevalence of bias in evaluations of applicants from different demographic groups (e.g., gender, age, race), and the assumption of an algorithm observing their true score is unreasonable in practice. In this work, we propose the poset secretary problem, where selection decisions must be made by observing a partial order over the applicants. This partial order is constructed to account for uncertainty and biases in applicant scores. We assume that each applicant has a fixed score, which is not visible to the algorithm and is consistent with the partial order. Using a random partitioning technique from the matroid secretary literature, we provide order-optimal competitive algorithms for the poset secretary problem and provide matching lower bounds. Further, we develop the theory of thresholding in posets to provide a tight, adaptive-thresholding algorithm under regimes where k grows quickly enough, thus matching the adaptiveness to k shown for the classical k-secretary problem. We then study a special case, in which applicants belong to g disjoint demographic groups and the bias is group specific. We provide competitive algorithms for adversarial and stochastic variants of this special case, including a framework, Gap, for parallelizing any vanilla k-secretary algorithm to the group setting. Finally, we perform a case study on real-world data to demonstrate the responsiveness of our algorithms to data and their impact on selection rates. This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, data science. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant 2112533]. S. Gupta’s research was supported in part by NSF CAREER Award 2239824. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4926 .
Factors associated with suicide/self-inflicted injuries among women aged 18–65 years in the United States: A 13-year retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample database
Authors: Akinyemi Oluwasegun , Ogundare Temitope , Oladunjoye Adeolu Funsho , Nasef Kindha Elleissy , Lipscombe Christina , Akinbote John Akinshola , Bezold Maureen 
Published: October 2023

Background
Suicide is a significant cause of mortality in the United States, accounting for 14.5 deaths/100,000. Although there are data on gender disparity in suicide/self-inflicted injury rates in the United States, few studies have examined the factors associated with suicide/self-inflicted injury in females.

Objective
To determine factors associated with suicide/self-inflicted injuries among women aged 18–65 years in the United States.

Methods
Hospitalizations for suicide or self-inflicted injuries were identified using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2003–2015 using sample weights to generate national estimates. Independent predictors of suicide/self-inflicted injuries were identified using multivariable regression models. Interaction term analysis to identify the interaction between race/ethnicity and income were conducted.

Results
There were 1,031,693 adult women hospitalizations in the U.S. with a primary diagnosis of suicide/self-inflicted injury in the study period. The highest suicide/self-inflicted injury risk was among women aged 31-45years (OR = 1.23, CI = 1.19–1.27, p < 0.05). Blacks in the highest income strata had a 20% increase in the odds of suicide/self-inflicted injury compared to Whites in the lowest socioeconomic strata (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.05–1.37, p <0.05). Intimate partner violence increased suicide/self-inflicted injury risk 6-fold (OR = 5.77, CI = 5.01–6.65, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Suicide risk is among women aged 31–45 years, higher earning Black women, intimate partner violence victims, uninsured, and current smokers. Interventions and policies that reduce smoking, prevents intimate partner violence, addresses racial discrimination and bias, and provides universal health coverage are needed to prevent excess mortality from suicide deaths.