bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived barriers and facilitators to preventing hospital‐acquired pressure injury in paediatrics: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Dimanopoulos Tanesha A. , Chaboyer Wendy , Plummer Karin , Mickan Sharon , Ullman Amanda J. , Campbell Jill , Griffin Bronwyn R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThis qualitative study aimed to identify nurses' and allied health professionals' perceptions and experiences of providing hospital‐acquired pressure injury (HAPI) prevention in a paediatric tertiary hospital in Australia, as well as understand the perceived barriers and facilitators to preventing HAPI.DesignA qualitative, exploratory study of hospital professionals was undertaken using semi‐structured interviews between February 2022 and January 2023.MethodsTwo frameworks, the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM‐B) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), were used to give both theoretical and pragmatic guidance. Participants included 19 nursing and allied health professionals and data analysis was informed by the framework approach.ResultsAnalysis revealed nine core themes regarding professionals' beliefs about the barriers and facilitators to HAPI prevention practices across seven TDF domains. Themes included HAPI prevention skills and education, family‐centred care, automated feedback and prompts, allocation and access to equipment, everybody's responsibility, prioritizing patients and clinical demands, organizational expectations and support, integrating theory and reality in practice and emotional influence.ConclusionThese findings provide valuable insights into the barriers and facilitators that impact paediatric HAPI prevention and can help identify and implement strategies to enhance evidence‐based prevention care and prevent HAPI in paediatric settings.ImpactOvercoming barriers through evidence‐based interventions is essential to reduce HAPI cases, improve patient outcomes, and cut healthcare costs. The findings have practical implications, informing policy and practice for improved preventive measures, education, and staffing in paediatric care, ultimately benefiting patient well‐being and reducing HAPIs.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution. The focus of the study is on healthcare professionals and their perspectives and experiences in preventing HAPIs in paediatric patients. Therefore, the involvement of patients or the public was not deemed necessary for achieving the specific research objectives.
Rural hospital and obstetric unit closures as social determinants of racial and ethnic maternal health disparities: A scoping review
Authors: Smith Jessica G. , Brown Kyrah K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsTo synthesize literature examining (1) rural hospital or obstetric unit closures as a social determinant of maternal/infant health outcomes and (2) closures as a social determinant of racial/ethnic disparities in maternal/infant health outcomes.DesignScoping review.Data SourcesMEDLINE, OVID/Embase and CINAHL were searched systematically to identify sources from 31 July 2003 to 31 July 2023. The Arksey and O'Malley methodology for scoping reviews was used.ResultsFour studies from the United States and Australia documented the impact of rural hospital or obstetric unit closures on maternal/infant health outcomes, such as increased births in hospitals without obstetric units, out‐of‐hospital births or babies born before arrival, preterm birth, infant mortality and sociocultural risks that contribute to clinical risk. No eligible studies investigated hospital or obstetric unit closure as a social determinant of racial disparities in rural maternal/infant health outcomes.ConclusionDespite significant racial and ethnic rural maternal health disparities, associations between rural closures and maternal health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities are understudied. More research is needed to understand the extent to which rural closures, a social determinant of health, could disproportionately, negatively affect the health of racially and ethnically minoritized women.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareRural women have a greater risk of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity compared with urban women, and the impact of rural closures on racial and ethnic maternal health disparities is not well documented. Research about the impact of rural closures on maternal health disparities could inform policy to assure essential obstetric care is available for rural populations globally.ImpactFindings provide a call to action for research to understand relationships between rural closures and racial and ethnic maternal health disparities, which is especially important for serving rural Non‐Hispanic Black and American Indian/Alaska Native women.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Cardioneuroablation for pediatric patients with functional sinus node dysfunction and paroxysmal atrioventricular block
Authors: Choi Nak Hyun , Hong Jeff , Moak Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionSevere transitory episodes of bradycardia with subsequent syncope in children are common, and generally portend a benign prognosis. Rarely, patients may experience prolonged asystolic episodes secondary to significant sinus pauses (SP) or paroxysmal atrioventricular block (AVB). Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is a catheter‐based intervention, used to identify and ablate the epicardial ganglionated plexi (GP), which results in disruption of the vagal‐mediated parasympathetic input to the sinus and atrioventricular node.ObjectiveDescribe the methodology and role of CNA for treatment of pediatric patients with functional AVB or SP.MethodsThis is a single‐center, case series study. Patients with SP or AVB, 21 years of age or younger, who underwent CNA between 2015 and 2021 were included. CNA was performed via anatomically guided and high‐frequency stimulation methods.ResultsSix patients were included. The median age was 18.9 years (range 12.3–20.9 years), 33% female. Two patients had prolonged SP, two had paroxysmal AVB, and two had both SP and AVB. Four patients had prior syncope. The median longest pause was 8.9 s (range 3.9–16.8) with 11 total documented pauses (range 2–231) during the 6 months pre‐CNA. Post‐CNA, the median longest pause was 1.3 s (range 0.8–2.2) with one documented SP after termination of atrial tachycardia at the 3‐month follow‐up. At 6 months, the median longest pause was 1.1 s (0.8–1.3) with 0 documented pauses. No patients had syncope post‐CNA.ConclusionCNA may be an effective alternative to pacemaker implantation in pediatric patients with syncope or significant symptoms secondary to functional SP or AVB.
FOXP3‐regulated lncRNA NONHSAT136151 promotes colorectal cancer progression by disrupting QKI interaction with target mRNAs
Authors: Huang Handong , Liang Xiaoxiang , Wu Weizheng , Yuan Tao , Chen Zhengquan , Wang Lin , Wu Zhenyu , Zhang Tao , Yang Kai , Wen Kunming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), has repeatedly been demonstrated. However, very few lncRNAs have been well annotated functionally. Our study identified a novel lncRNA upregulated in CRC, NONHSAT136151, which was correlated with clinical progression. In functional assays, NONHSAT136151 significantly enhanced CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, NONHSAT136151 interacted with RNA‐binding protein (RBP) QKI (Quaking) to interfere with QKI binding to target mRNAs and regulate their expression. As well, FOXP3 may be causally related to the dysregulation of NONHSAT136151 in CRC cells through its transcriptional activity. In conclusion, our findings identified a novel lncRNA regulated by FOXP3 participates in CRC progression through interacting with QKI, indicating a novel lncRNA‐RBP interaction mechanism is involved in CRC pathogenesis.
Scabies in French Guiana: Quantitative and qualitative factors associated with therapeutic failure
Authors: Blaizot R. , Armanville F. , Michaud C. , Boceno C. , Dupart O. , Pansart C. , Niemetzky F. , Couppie P. , Nacher M. , Adenis A. , Chosidow O. , Duvignaud A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundStrategies for the control of scabies should be adapted to local settings. Traditional communities in French Guiana have non‐Western conceptions of disease and health.ObjectivesThe objectives for this study were to explore knowledge, attitudes and practices to identify potential factors associated with the failure of scabies treatment in these communities.MethodsPatients with a clinical diagnosis of scabies, seen at either the Cayenne Hospital or one of 13 health centres between 01 April 2021 and 31 August 2021, were included as participants, and were seen again after 6 weeks to check for persistence of lesions. Factors associated with treatment failure were looked for both at inclusion and at 6 weeks. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a diversified subsample of participants.ResultsIn total, 164 participants were included in the quantitative component, and 21 were interviewed for the qualitative component. Declaring that the second treatment dose had been taken was associated with therapeutic success. Western treatments were not always affordable. Better adherence was observed with topical treatments than with oral ivermectin, whereas permethrin monotherapy was associated with failure. Scabies‐associated stigma was high among Amerindians and Haitians but absent in Ndjuka Maroons. Participants reported environmental disinfection as being very complex.ConclusionsThe treatment of scabies in traditional Guianan communities may vary depending on local perceptions of galenic formulations, disease‐associated stigma and differences in access to health care. These factors should be taken into account when devising strategies for the control of scabies aimed at traditional communities living in remote areas, and migrant populations.
Assessing the importance of H2O content in the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of shear zones: A case study from the Dora‐Maira Massif (Western Alps)
Authors: Nerone Sara , Petroccia Alessandro , Caso Fabiola , Dana Davide , Maffeis Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetamorphic reactions are commonly driven to completion within shear zones thanks to fluid circulation, making the re‐equilibration of the mineral assemblage one of the dominant processes. Despite the important role of H2O in such processes, forward thermodynamic modelling calculations commonly assume either H2O‐saturated conditions or only fluid loss during prograde evolution to peak conditions. These assumptions influence the understanding of shear zones during the retrograde evolution. Here, we investigate the P–T–MH2O retrograde evolution of the Mt. Bracco Shear Zone (MBSZ), an Alpine ductile tectonic contact which marks the boundary between two HP units in the Dora‐Maira Massif (Western Alps, Italy). After the eclogite‐facies peak (at 500–520°C and 1.8–2.2 GPa), the subsequent mylonitic event is constrained at amphibolite‐facies conditions, continuing its evolution at decreasing pressure and temperature during rock exhumation, from ~590°C, 1.0 GPa down to ~520°C, 0.7 GPa. The P/T–MH2O forward modelling highlights different behaviour for the two analysed samples. After reaching a minimum H2O content at the transition from eclogite‐ to amphibolite‐facies conditions, a significant fluid gain is modelled for only one of the two analysed samples just before the mylonitic event. The MBSZ then evolves towards H2O‐undersaturated conditions. This work thus underlines the necessity of investigating the H2O evolution within shear zones, as the H2O content is susceptible to change through the P–T path, due to dehydration reactions or fluid infiltration events. Furthermore, lithological heterogeneities influence possible different fluid circulation regimes in shear zones, resulting in externally or internally derived fluid gain.
Differences in use of Veterans Health Administration and non‐Veterans Health Administration hospitals by rural and urban Veterans after access expansions
Authors: Dizon Matthew P. , Kizer Kenneth W. , Ong Michael K. , Phibbs Ciaran S. , Vanneman Megan E. , Wong Emily P. , Zhang Yue , Yoon Jean 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeTo examine changes in rural and urban Veterans’ utilization of acute inpatient care in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and non‐VHA hospitals following access expansion from the Veterans Choice Act, which expanded eligibility for VHA‐paid community hospitalization.MethodsUsing repeated cross‐sectional data of VHA enrollees’ hospitalizations in 9 states (AZ, CA, CT, FL, LA, MA, NY, PA, and SC) between 2012 and 2017, we compared rural and urban Veterans’ probability of admission in VHA and non‐VHA hospitals by payer over time for elective and nonelective hospitalizations using multinomial logistic regression to adjust for patient‐level sociodemographic features. We also used generalized linear models to compare rural and urban Veterans’ travel distances to hospitals.FindingsOver time, the probability of VHA‐paid community hospitalization increased more for rural Veterans than urban Veterans. For elective inpatient care, rural Veterans’ probability of VHA‐paid admission increased from 2.9% (95% CI 2.6%‐3.2%) in 2012 to 6.5% (95% CI 5.8%‐7.1%) in 2017. These changes were associated with a temporal trend that preceded and continued after the implementation of the Veterans Choice Act. Overall travel distances to hospitalizations were similar over time; however, the mean distance traveled decreased from 39.2 miles (95% CI 35.1‐43.3) in 2012 to 32.3 miles (95% CI 30.2‐34.4) in 2017 for rural Veterans receiving elective inpatient care in VHA‐paid hospitals.ConclusionsDespite limited access to rural hospitals, these data demonstrate an increase in rural Veterans’ use of non‐VHA hospitals for acute inpatient care and a small reduction in distance traveled to elective inpatient services.
Inhibition of PQS signaling by the Pf bacteriophage protein PfsE enhances viral replication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Schwartzkopf Caleb M. , Taylor Véronique L. , Groleau Marie‐Christine , Faith Dominick R. , Schmidt Amelia K. , Lamma Tyrza L. , Brooks Diane M. , Déziel Eric , Maxwell Karen L. , Secor Patrick R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuorum sensing, a bacterial signaling system that coordinates group behaviors as a function of cell density, plays an important role in regulating viral (phage) defense mechanisms in bacteria. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a model system for the study of quorum sensing. P. aeruginosa is also frequently infected by Pf prophages that integrate into the host chromosome. Upon induction, Pf phages suppress host quorum sensing systems; however, the physiological relevance and mechanism of suppression are unknown. Here, we identify the Pf phage protein PfsE as an inhibitor of Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) quorum sensing. PfsE binds to the host protein PqsA, which is essential for the biosynthesis of the PQS signaling molecule. Inhibition of PqsA increases the replication efficiency of Pf virions when infecting a new host and when the Pf prophage switches from lysogenic replication to active virion replication. In addition to inhibiting PQS signaling, our prior work demonstrates that PfsE also binds to PilC and inhibits type IV pili extension, protecting P. aeruginosa from infection by type IV pili‐dependent phages. Overall, this work suggests that the simultaneous inhibition of PQS signaling and type IV pili by PfsE may be a viral strategy to suppress host defenses to promote Pf replication while at the same time protecting the susceptible host from competing phages.
Short‐term effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide eye drops on macular choroidal thickness in myopic children
Authors: Kobia‐Acquah Emmanuel , Flitcroft Daniel Ian , Lingham Gareth , Kerin Eoin , Loughman James 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the short‐term effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide eyedrops on choroidal thickness (ChT) in myopic children using placebo or low‐dose atropine eyedrops.MethodsThe analysis included 242 myopic individuals (7–19 years) enrolled in two randomised placebo‐controlled clinical trials of low‐dose atropine eyedrops. Cycloplegia was induced using either one drop of 1% cyclopentolate (n = 161), two drops of 1% cyclopentolate (n = 32) or two drops of 1% tropicamide (n = 49). ChT measurements were taken using swept‐source optical coherence tomography before and 30 min after administering the cycloplegic eye drops. A subset of 51 participants underwent test–retest measurements prior to cycloplegia.ResultsMean changes in subfoveal ChT after two drops of tropicamide and one and two drops of cyclopentolate were −2.5 μm (p = 0.10), −4.3 μm (p < 0.001) and −9.6 μm (p < 0.001), respectively. Subfoveal ChT changes after one and two drops of cyclopentolate were significantly greater than the test–retest changes (test–retest mean change: −3.1 μm; p < 0.05), while the tropicamide group was not significantly different (p = 0.64). Choroidal thinning post‐cyclopentolate was not significantly different between atropine and placebo treatment groups (p > 0.05 for all macular locations). The coefficient of repeatability (CoR) in the tropicamide group (range: 8.2–14.4 μm) was similar to test–retest (range: 7.5–12.2 μm), whereas greater CoR values were observed in the cyclopentolate groups (one drop: range: 10.8–15.3 μm; two drops: range: 12.2–24.6 μm).ConclusionsCyclopentolate eye drops caused dose‐dependent choroidal thinning and increased variation in pre‐ to post‐cycloplegia measurements compared with test–retest variability, whereas tropicamide did not. These findings have practical implications for ChT measurements when cyclopentolate is used, particularly for successive measurements.
Intravenous dexamethasone does not prolong the duration of pudendal nerve block in infants and children undergoing hypospadias surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Joe Young‐Eun , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Eum Darhae , Kim Ji‐Ho , Lee Jeong‐Rim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe administration of intravenous dexamethasone increases the duration of neuraxial block and improves the quality of analgesia. However, little is known about these effects of dexamethasone on peripheral nerve blocks in children.AimsIn this study, we aimed to investigate the benefit of intravenous dexamethasone for enhancing the effect of pudendal block on postoperative analgesia in children who underwent hypospadias surgery.MethodsIn total, 46 children aged 6–36 months who underwent hypospadias surgery were randomly allocated to either a control group (normal saline, group C) or dexamethasone group (0.5 mg/kg, group D). Pudendal block was performed before the surgery using 0.3 mL/kg of 0.225% ropivacaine on both sides. Parents were instructed to press the patient‐controlled analgesia bolus button when their children's pain score was >4 points. The primary outcome measure was the time at which the first patient‐controlled analgesia by proxy bolus dose was administered. The secondary outcome measures were pain score, number of patient‐controlled analgesia administration by proxy bolus attempts, number of rescue analgesics required, total amount of fentanyl administered, and overall parental satisfaction.ResultsThe time of first patient‐controlled analgesia bolus administration by proxy was not different between the control and dexamethasone groups (5.6 [5.2, 8.8] h versus 6.5 [5.4, 8.1] h, hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence intervals 0.43 to 1.47, p = .46). There were no statistically significant differences among the secondary outcomes.ConclusionsAdministration of intravenous dexamethasone did not enhance the duration of pudendal nerve block in infants and children aged 6–36 months who underwent hypospadias surgery.
PbHsfC1a‐coordinates ABA biosynthesis and H2O2 signalling pathways to improve drought tolerance in Pyrus betulaefolia
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Chunmeng , Yao Jia‐Long , Xing Caihua , Xu Kang , Zhang Zan , Chen Qiming , Qiao Qinghai , Dong Huizhen , Han Chenyang , Lin Likun , Zhang Shaoling , Huang Xiaosan 
Published: December 2023

SummaryAbiotic stresses have had a substantial impact on fruit crop output and quality. Plants have evolved an efficient immune system to combat abiotic stress, which employs reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate the downstream defence response signals. Although an aquaporin protein encoded by PbPIP1;4 is identified from transcriptome analysis of Pyrus betulaefolia plants under drought treatments, little attention has been paid to the role of PIP and ROS in responding to abiotic stresses in pear plants. In this study, we discovered that overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in pear callus improved tolerance to oxidative and osmotic stresses by reconstructing redox homeostasis and ABA signal pathways. PbPIP1;4 overexpression enhanced the transport of H2O2 into pear and yeast cells. Overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in Arabidopsis plants mitigates the stress effects caused by adding ABA, including stomatal closure and reduction of seed germination and seedling growth. Overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in Arabidopsis plants decreases drought‐induced leaf withering. The PbPIP1;4 promoter could be bound and activated by TF PbHsfC1a. Overexpression of PbHsfC1a in Arabidopsis plants rescued the leaf from wilting under drought stress. PbHsfC1a could bind to and activate AtNCED4 and PbNCED4 promoters, but the activation could be inhibited by adding ABA. Besides, PbNCED expression was up‐regulated under H2O2 treatment but down‐regulated under ABA treatment. In conclusion, this study revealed that PbHsfC1a is a positive regulator of abiotic stress, by targeting PbPIP1;4 and PbNCED4 promoters and activating their expression to mediate redox homeostasis and ABA biosynthesis. It provides valuable information for breeding drought‐resistant pear cultivars through gene modification.
Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Chun‐Ern Ng David , Liew Chuin‐Hen , Tan Kah Kee , Lim Hui Yi , Zailanalhuddin Nur Emylia binti , Tan Shir Fong , Chandra Mohan Vishnu Arvindran a/l , Mahendran Sindu a/p , Tan Yuong Chie , Chin Ling , Ong Song‐Quan , Siew Yin Eng  Caroline 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) among children from Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.MethodsA retrospective, multicentre, observational study was performed among children ≤15 years old who were hospitalized for MIS‐C between January 18, 2021 and June 30, 2023. The incidence of MIS‐C was estimated using reported SARS‐CoV‐2 cases and census population data. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the clinical presentation and outcomes.ResultsThe study included 53 patients with a median age of 5.7 years (IQR 1.8–8.7 years); 75.5% were males. The overall incidence of MIS‐C was approximately 5.9 cases per 1,000,000 person‐months. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission was required for 22 (41.5%) patients. No mortalities were recorded. Children aged 6–12 years were more likely to present with cardiac dysfunction/shock (odds ratio [OR] 5.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–17.66), whereas children below 6 years were more likely to present with a Kawasaki disease phenotype (OR 5.50, 95% CI 1.33–22.75). Twenty patients (37.7%) presented with involvement of at least four organ systems, but four patients (7.5%) demonstrated single‐organ system involvement.ConclusionAn age‐based variation in the clinical presentation of MIS‐C was demonstrated. Our findings suggest MIS‐C could manifest in a spectrum, including single‐organ involvement. Despite the high requirement for PICU admission, the prognosis of MIS‐C was favorable, with no recorded mortalities.