bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FST, a female‐specific transcript from the medfly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Rosetto M. , De Filippis T. , Manetti A. G. O. , Marchini D. , Dallai R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report here the sequence of a novel cDNA clone (FST, female‐specific transcript), isolated by differential screening during a search for sexually mature accessory gland‐specific transcripts from the medfly Ceratitis capitata. It contains an open reading frame (ORF) with a potential translational start site encoding a putative precursor peptide of 100 amino acids. The FST gene is expressed only in the female reproductive accessory glands. Like the accessory gland‐specific antibacterial peptides ceratotoxins, its expression reaches the maximum level when sexual maturity is achieved. However, in contrast to ceratotoxins, it is expressed at a basal level in newly emerged females, and its expression does not increase after mating.
Satellite DNA variation in parental and derived unisexual hybrids of Bacillus stick insects (Phasmatodea)
Authors: Scali V. , Tinti F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Bag320 sequence family of satellite DNA (satDNA) has been found in some stick insect taxa: the bisexual Bacillus grandii, the related parthenogen B. atticus and their hybrids with B. rossius. However, under the same experimental conditions, the Bag320 sequences were not found in B. rossius. Bag320 sequences of the clonal hybrid B. whitei (= B. rossius/grandii grandii) intermingled with those of B. grandii in all plotted dendrograms. On the whole, satDNA features (restriction pattern, sequence variation, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)), allozymes and karyology support a relatively recent origin of B. whitei. Our investigations on unisexual hybrids of Bacillus also suggested that their origin and clonal reproduction allow the occurrence of different sequence subsets of limited variability in isolated populations stemming from the hybridization focus.
Mobility assays confirm the broad host‐range activity of the Minos transposable element and validate new transformation tools
Authors: Klinakis A. G. , Loukeris T. G. , Pavlopoulos A. , Savakis C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFast and reliable methods for assessing the mobility of the transposable element Minos have been developed. These methods are based on the detection of excision and insertion of Minos transposons from and into plasmids which are co‐introduced into cells. Excision is detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with appropriate primers. Transposition is assayed by marker rescue in Escherichia coli, using a transposon plasmid that carries a tetracycline resistance gene and a target plasmid carrying a gene that can be selected against in E. coli. Using both assays, Minos was shown to transpose in Drosophila melanogaster cells and embryos, and in cultured cells of a mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and a lepidopteran, Spodoptera frugiperda. In all cases, mobility was dependent on the presence of exogenously supplied transposase, and both excision and transposition were precise. The results indicate that Minos can transpose in heterologous insect species with comparable efficiencies and therefore has the potential to be used as a transgenesis vector for diverse species.
Aedes aegypti dopa decarboxylase: gene structure and regulation
Authors: Ferdig M. T. , Taft A. S. , Smartt C. T. , Lowenberger C. A. , Li J. , Zhang J. , Christensen B. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDopa decarboxylase converts l‐dopa to dopamine, a precursor molecule for diverse biological activities in insects including neurotransmission and a variety of tanning reactions required for development, reproduction and defence against parasites. Herein, we report the cloning and sequencing of the Aedes aegypti Ddc gene, including 2.1 kb of the upstream promoter region. The transcribed region of the gene spans more than 16 kb and contains five exons. In situ hybridization localizes the blood‐meal‐induced ovarian transcription of this gene to the follicular epithelial cells surrounding individual oocytes. Ovary tissue transcription of Ddc is increased in response to injection of 20‐hydroxyecdysone to levels equal to those observed for blood‐fed controls, however coinjection with the translational inhibitor cycloheximide negates the effect, indicating an indirect regulatory role for this hormone. Clusters of putative ecdysone‐responsive elements and zinc‐finger binding domains for the products of Broad‐Complex gene family are identified in the 5′‐promoter region. These elements are discussed in the context of common insect Ddc regulatory mechanisms.
A novel member of the RING‐finger gene family associated with reproductive tissues of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Zhao X. , Smartt C. T. , Hillyer J. F. , Christensen B. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe RING finger is a zinc‐binding domain that is found in proteins from viruses, plants and animals. Here we report the characterization and tissue‐specific expression of a mosquito gonadal protein gene, mgp, from the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The putative gene product, MGP, contains two RING fingers, a B‐box, and a hydrophobic core. These mosquito MGP structural motifs are highly conserved in proteins found in mouse and nematode. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of multiple mgp RNA transcripts in male and female reproductive tissues. Expression of mgp in the ovary is constitutive, but an increase in message was observed in the ovaries of female mosquitoes previously exposed to a blood meal. These results suggest that MGP is a protein that might play a role(s) in mosquito gametogenesis.
Expression and activity of a house‐fly cytochrome P450, CYP6D1, inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Korytko P. J. , Maclntyre R. J. , Scott J. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 system of animals comprises many individual cytochromes P450 in addition to a single cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome b5. Although individual genes of the cytochrome P450 superfamily are highly diverged, the P450 reductase and cytochrome b5remain more conserved across taxa. Here, we describe the transformation ofDrosophila melanogasterwith a house‐fly‐specific cytochrome P450, CYP6D1. Functional activity of ectopically expressed cytochromes P450 requires successful interaction between the transgenic P450 and the requisite coenzymes of the host organism. TransformedDrosophila, but not controls, contained CYP6D1 protein as identified by protein immunoblotting, elevated total P450 and elevated CYP6D1 enzymatic activity. These data demonstrate that house‐fly CYP6D1 can interact with low to moderate efficiency withDrosophilaP450 reductase and cytochrome b5.
High amplification of a densovirus‐derived vector in larval and adult tissues of Drosophila
Authors: Royer C. , Bossin H. , Romane C. , Bergoin M. , Couble P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Lepidopteran densovirus‐derived vector, pJlacZΔNS3, is a defective virus genome with an insertion of lacZ DNA in the viral structural protein coding sequence, and a deletion of the sequence coding the non‐structural polypeptide NS3. pJlacZΔNS3 was injected into Drosophila eggs and the maintenance of the viral genome was monitored by expression of β‐galactosidase and by Southern blot hybridizations. Intense β‐galactosidase activity was observed in many somatic tissues of third‐instar larvae and adult flies, in more than 60% of the injected animals. DNA analyses showed that staining in adult tissues correlated with the amplification of the vector. Together, these results suggest the occurrence of early events of integration of the vector into the Drosophila host genome.
Drosophila yolk protein produced in E. coli is accumulated by mosquito ovaries
Authors: Bownes M. , Hurd H. , Büsgen T. , Servay D. , Alvis S. , Popovic B. , Bruce S. , Burns I. , Rothwell K. , Walkinshaw Malcolm 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDespite similar functions, the yolk proteins of the higher dipteran flies and the vitellogenins found in other insects are unrelated at the sequence level and have evolved from different genes. Both are selectively endocytosed into the ovary via receptors belonging to the LDLR receptor subfamily. We cloned the Drosophila yp1 gene into an E. coli expression vector and showed that the yolk protein produced by E. coli is taken up into ovaries of both Drosophila melanogaster and the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, which normally uses vitellogenin.
3D computer‐aided reconstruction of six teeth with morphological abnormalities
Authors: Mikrogeorgis G. , Lyroudia K. L. , Nikopoulos N. , Pitas I. , Molyvdas I. , Lambrianidis T. H. 
Published: March 2003

Aim The purpose of this study was the 3D reconstruction of six teeth with morphological peculiarities using serial cross‐sections.Methodology All the teeth were put in 3% NaOCl solution after extraction, washed under running water and air‐dried. They were then embedded in a two‐phase polyester resin and serial cross‐sections were produced from each specimen using a special microtome. The thickness of each section was 0.75 mm. Each section was photographed under a stereoscopic microscope. The photographs of the cross‐sections were digitized and the external contours of the teeth and the root‐canal outline were annotated foreach section. Semiautomatic alignment of the sections was achieved with the use of image‐processing techniques. Three dimensional surface representation was used in this project to reconstruct the inner and outer surface of the teeth.Results The results showed in detail the internal morphology of the teeth under investigation. The fact that it was possible to observe and study these teeth from different angles is one of the main advantages of this method as the three dimensional anatomy of these teeth was apparent.Conclusions The 3D reconstructing method is a useful tool for the study of the morphology of the teeth.
Effect of eugenol‐containing sealer on marginal adaptation of dentine‐bonded resin fillings
Authors: Peters O. , öhring T. N. G. , Lutz F. 
Published: March 2003

Peters O, Göhring TN, Lutz F. Effect of eugenol‐containing sealer on marginal adaptation of dentine‐bonded resin fillings. International Endodontic Journal, 33, 53–59, 2000.Aim  Eugenol is claimed to interfere with the polymerization of composite resins and to affect shear bond strengths of dentine‐bonded composite restorations. Eugenol‐based sealers are used during root canal treatment in teeth that may require build‐ups or extensive restorations. Unfortunately, the adverse effect of eugenol has mostly been assessed in shear bond tests and this variable may be clinically inappropriate. The current study evaluated the effect of eugenol in a eugenol‐based endodontic sealer on marginal adaptation of composite resin restorations with and without thermo‐mechanical stress.Methodology Thirty Class V cavities with half of the cavity margins in dentine and half of the cavity margins in enamel were prepared in extracted human premolars and then divided into 5 groups. Teeth in group 1 were not contaminated with eugenol. Cavities in groups 2–4 were contaminated with a eugenol‐based sealer (Tubli‐Seal, Kerr) and cleaned with: (i) sandblasting, (ii) bur finishing alone or (iii) bur‐finishing combined with swabbing with alcohol. These 4 groups were temporized for 6 weeks (Ketac, ESPE), whilst group 5 received no eugenol, was not temporized and acted as the control. Cavities were restored with Tetric Ceram using Syntac Classic (Vivadent) as a dentine‐bonding agent. The specimenswere then thermo‐mechanically stressed. The percentages of marginal adaptation in dentinal and enamel margins were assessed in a SEM at ×200 magnification before and after stress using a replica method. Mean percentages of marginal adaptation were calculated and compared using a two way‐ANOVA (influence of eugenol and cleaning procedure) and non‐parametric tests.Results  Marginal adaptation in enamel exceeded 95% and 92% in all specimens before and after thermo‐mechanical stess, respectively. Before stress, marginal adaptation in dentine ranged from 92.3 ± 7.9% to 95.7 ± 6.2% in groups 1–5. After stress, the percentage of marginal adaptation in dentine decreased significantly overall (P < 0.05, range 39.8 ± 21.1% to 82.9 ± 13.7%). The effect of contamination with eugenol was not significant (P> 0.05); in contrast, there was a significantly beneficial effect when the entire cavity was finished with burs (P < 0.01).Conclusions  Under the conditions of this study, the eugenol containing sealer did not significantly impair marginal adaptation in dentinal margins of mixed Class V restorations when bur finishing was employed before placement. However, no other cleaning method was sufficient to produce acceptable figures of marginal adaptation.
C‐shaped root canal configuration in maxillary first molars
Authors: De Moor R. J. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim This clinical report presents the endodontic treatment of two maxillary first molars and the anatomical study of two additional maxillary first molars with a C‐shaped distally located root canal system. This configuration is not a common finding.Summary According to the endodontic literature, the C‐shaped root canal is most frequently seen in the mandibular second molar. The occurrence of C‐shapes in maxillary first molars, however, has only been described in a limited number of case reports. We observed this configuration in two out of 2175 root‐filled maxillary first molars treated at the Department of Endodontology, Ghent University Hospital, during the last 10 years. In order to study and visualize this particular aberration, cross‐sections in two additional two‐rooted maxillary first molars were made. From these cross sections it can be concluded that the C‐shaped canal configuration is the result of a fusion of the distobuccal and the palatal roots.Key learning points

C‐shaped root canal morphotypes may occur in the distal portion of the pulp chamber in maxillary first molars.
The C‐shape results from a fusion of the distobuccal and palatal roots.
The C‐shape may extend to the apical third of the fused roots.
The diagnostic value of routine intra‐oral premaxillary radiographs in orthodontic assessment
Authors: Mattick C.R. , Carter N.E. , Gordon P.H. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant dental abnormalities are likely to be overlooked in the anterior region of the maxilla if, in the absence of any clinical indication for further views, the only radiograph used during an initial orthodontic assessment is a good‐quality orthopantomogram (OPT). Sample and methods. Two orthodontists examined, retrospectively, the written and radiographic dental hospital records of 1169 consecutive, new, young patients who on their first visit to a dental teaching hospital underwent radiographic examination comprising an OPT and one or more supplementary radiographs of the anterior maxilla. Results. In five cases (0·43%) significant findings would have been overlooked if the intra‐oral views had not been taken. These included periapical lesions and supernumerary teeth, but in three of the cases the image quality of the OPT was poor. Conclusions. If the OPT is not routinely supplemented by intra‐oral views, the chances of completely missing significant findings in the anterior maxilla are small, provided a thorough history and clinical examination have been completed and the image quality of the OPT is good.
Consumer demand in the purchase and prescription of sugar‐free medicines
Authors: Hunter  , Lewis  , Hunter  
Published: March 2003

Objectives. To determine the current level of consumer demand in the purchase and prescription of sugar‐free paediatric medicines. Design. Data were collected by administered questionnaire. Setting. The study was conducted in a Hospital Paediatric Dentistry Unit and a Community Dental Clinic, both within the Bro Taf area of south‐east Wales. Sample and methods. The parents of 240 children attending for routine dental care responded to one of two short questionnaires, depending on whether their child had received a liquid oral medicine in the preceding month. Results. Although aware of the benefits of sugar‐free medicines, parents did not appear to be attempting to exercise the power of consumer demand to its full potential. They were more likely to ask a pharmacist (or pharmacist’s assistant) than their general medical practitioner for a sugar‐free medicine. Conclusions. We must continue to promote sugar‐free medicines. While increasing the importance that health professionals attach to such products, future campaigns should also aim to increase consumer demand.
A retrospective study of treatment provided in the primary and secondary care services for children attending a dental hospital following complicated crown fracture in the permanent dentition
Authors: Maguire A. , Murray J.J. , Al‐Majed I. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives. To investigate treatment provision in primary and secondary dental care following complicated crown fracture of permanent teeth. Design and methods. Retrospective observational survey of dental records of all patients attending a dental hospital trauma clinic during a 2‐year period with complicated crown fracture. Results. Eighty children (70% male) aged 6–16 years (mean age 10·3 years) with 98 complicated crown fractures were identified. Of these children, 54% were seen for emergency treatment on the day of their injury, 75% within 48 h. Of the 98 injured teeth, 60% were seen initially in general dental practice but only 56% of these 59 cases were provided with emergency treatment in practice, the others being referred immediately to the trauma clinic for treatment. The main cause of fractures was transport, in particular, bicycles. Radiographs were available for 96 teeth; for the 43 open apex teeth, the definitive treatment was pulp capping (44% of cases) and pulpotomy (30%), with vitality maintained in five cases up to 4·8 years after trauma. The 53 closed apex cases were treated definitively with pulp capping (38%) and pulpectomy (36%) and six teeth had maintained their vitality up to 4·3 years after trauma. Sixty‐seven per cent of the pulp caps and 47% of the 19 pulpotomies provided relied on a doubtful coronal seal. This was primarily due to the extensive use of a conventional glass ionomer cement as an emergency bandage. The use of an etched or bonded material at initial presentation extended the Median Survival Time for vitality in open apex teeth from 188 to 377 days and in closed apex teeth from 15 to 64 days. Conclusions. Emergency treatment of complicated crown fractures, particularly in primary care services is often inappropriate or inadequate with regard to emergency management of the exposed pulp and provision of a hermetic coronal seal.
Dense bone island: clinical features and possible complications
Authors: Nakano K. , Ogawa T. , Sobue S. , Ooshima T. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. A case of dense bone island in a girl aged 10 years, 1 month old is presented. The lesion was asymptomatic and was an incidental finding on a radiograph taken for another purpose. Nine months after the patient's first visit, an obvious inclination of adjacent teeth was identified. The size and density of the lesion had increased by 10 and 7%, respectively. As the patient was still in adolescence, the lesion may increase in size and density, potentially resulting in further problems such as increased inclination of the adjacent teeth. In addition, the presence of the lesion may complicate any future orthodontic treatment. The lesion should be kept under observation until its growth ceases.
Dental fluorosis and caries prevalence in the fluorosis endemic area of Asembagus, Indonesia
Authors: Budipramana E. S. , Hapsoro A. , IRMAWATI E. S. , Kuntari S. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and caries in a fluorosis endemic area, with fluoride content in drinking water ranging from 0·51 to 3·15 ppm.Materials and methods. Children (n = 474), aged 6–12 years, were randomly selected from one primary school in each of ten villages in the subdistrict of Asembagus. The villages were grouped into four according to the fluoride content in the drinking water: Group A: 0·41–0·50; Group B: 0·73–0·90; Group C: 2·01–2·41 and Group D: 3·07–3·25. Fluorosis examination used Bischoff's modification (1976), which was based on Dean's classifications, and caries was scored according to WHO standard 1997.Results. DT from Group A to D increased from 0·46, 0·55, 0·66 to 1·03; while dT decreased from 0·89, 0·87, 0·86 to 0·32. CFI increased from 1·36, 1·67, 2·03 to 1·80. Kruskal–Wallis one‐way anova was significant for the relationship between fluoride water content and CFI, DT, and dT. There was no significant linear relationship between fluoride water content and DT or dT, but there was a positive correlation with CFI. Caries prevalence in the subdistrict was 62% for permanent teeth and 68% for primary teeth. Fluorosis prevalence was 96% with a mean CFI of 1·71.Conclusions. The high CFI values of 1·36 and 1·67 in villages A and B may relate to the main side‐dishes eaten in the two villages. Of these, 88% contained fish, 68% dried salted fish and 61% a type of shellfish gathered locally.
Using patients: exploring the ethical dimension of reflective practice in nurse education
Authors: Hargreaves Janet 
Published: March 2003

Within nurse education there is a growing interest in the use of reflective practice as a vehicle for professional development. Additionally, clinically reflective practice is seen as an ideal way of improving performance and patient care.In this paper it will be argued that whilst this development is potentially valuable to both professionals and clients, there are major ethical issues which need to be addressed. The ‘how to’ literature appears to focus predominately on the practitioners subjective description and interpretation of events. It is usual for these events to include details of clients, but not usual for clients to be aware that information about them is being used in this way.Within a deontological ethical framework the use of people as means rather than ends is considered to be morally wrong. However, clients have probably always been used by professionals to some extent: Things such as case training and practice, and are regulated by various professional codes and committees. It would appear, however, that reflective practice is quantitatively and qualitatively different from the above, and thus may cross a moral boundary.Reflective practice is not simply re‐examining someone's case; it involves personal interpretation and judgement. The reflector may be recording incidents, verbally or in written form, which would not otherwise be recorded, and may be controversial. This raises questions about the nature and ownership of knowledge, and continued reflection may be akin to action research and, as such, considerations of rigour, authenticity and informed consent need to be addressed.Thus whilst reflective practice may prove to be a good thing, it cannot be seen in isolation from wider ethical concerns.