bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of LMO2 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma from thymoma
Authors: Bansal Divya , Pasricha Sunil , Gupta Gurudutt , Sharma Anila , Durga Garima , Kamboj Meenakshi , Mehta Anurag 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Distinguishing T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/T-LBL) from thymomas (especially B1 or B2 type) can be challenging particularly in limited trucut biopsy material where appreciating architecture is difficult or the background epithelial component does not provide tangible evidence for definite diagnosis. As a pathologist, it is important to accurately diagnose these neoplasms because they have entirely distinct management protocols. Recent studies have reported that LIM Domain Only 2 (LMO2) is expressed in neoplastic lymphoblasts of T-ALL/T-LBL and is absent in thymocytes of normal thymuses or thymomas. An observational study was done to test the sensitivity and specificity of LMO2 in differentiating neoplastic lymphoblasts from thymocytes of thymomas/normal thymuses. Our study showed that LMO2 had sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 100% in diagnosing LBL. None of the thymomas (B1 or B2 type) showed expression of LMO2 in the neoplastic cells. LMO2 is a reliable marker of transformed T-cell precursors and should be routinely included in immunohistochemical panel when evaluating thymic/mediastinal neoplasms.
Perception of Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students toward Objectively Structured Practical Examination Checklist as a Tool for Assessment and Learning Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques Skill: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Kulkarni Madhur , Sinha R. K. , Sinha Saumi , Mahajan Aashirwad 
Published: February 2024

Context:
Demonstration of any psychomotor skill is a very important part of physiotherapy education as it deals with the utilization of that particular skill in patients. Hence, efforts should be taken to make students understand all the necessary steps practically and assess their performance. Furthermore, techniques to reduce stress levels of students should be incorporated to reduce examination-related stress.

Aim:
The study aims to determine the perception of undergraduate physiotherapy students and faculty members regarding the Objectively Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) checklist used for assessing Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) skills as a tool to improve learning and skill performance.
Settings and Design: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive design with purposive sampling conducted in a Physiotherapy college in Maharashtra.

Subjects and Methods:
160 undergraduate physiotherapy students and 6 faculty members participated in the study. Theoretical and practical sessions of ACBT were conducted by the subject teacher for undergraduate physiotherapy students and assessment was done in the form of a traditional practical examination first. After that students and examiners were sensitized about the nature of the OSPE checklist and an assessment was carried out along with the scoring. After the activity, feedback was noted and analysed.

Results:
98.75% of students rated the questionnaire as being accessible and understandable, 96.25% reported improvement in confidence to perform the skill, 85% of students denoted positive responses regarding reducing the stress of performance of the practical skill.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that the use of a checklist for ACBT skill assessment can facilitate a favourable learning and teaching environment. It is useful to perform the skill precisely, improving confidence and clarity to perform the skill.
Comparison of Diaphragmatic Stretch and Manual Diaphragmatic Release Technique Along with Chest Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Mild-to-moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Thali Saili Mahesh , Ganesh B. R. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Diaphragmatic stretch technique, manual diaphragmatic release technique, and chest proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) have been suggested as an alternative method for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aims:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of diaphragmatic stretch and manual diaphragmatic release technique along with chest PNF on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), exercise capacity, dyspnea, chest expansion, and inspiratory pressure in mild-to-moderate COPD participants.

Settings and Design:
A randomized clinical trial took place on 30 subjects with COPD.

Materials and Methods:
Subjects were divided into two groups, of which Group A received a diaphragmatic stretch technique with chest PNF and Group B received a manual diaphragmatic release technique with chest PNF. Six-day intervention protocol was given to the participants of both the groups and PEFR, maximum inspiratory pressure, chest expansion, exercise capacity, and dyspnea were assessed before the intervention and after 6 days of intervention.

Statistical Analysis:
Normality of all continuous data was checked using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Independent t-test was used to analyze the parameters between Group A and Group B. Comparison of difference in pre and post within group was done using independent t-test.

Results:
Data analyzed in Group A as well as in B, when compared within the group, showed highly significant improvements. When compared between the groups, both the groups showed no difference.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that there was statistical significance in improvement of PEFR, exercise capacity, dyspnea, chest expansion, and inspiratory pressure within both the groups, but significant changes were not seen between groups. Hence, diaphragmatic stretch and manual release technique along with chest PNF can be used as an alternative/adjunct for the treatment of COPD.
Effectiveness of Lateral Plyometric Jumps on Agility in Football Players
Authors: Patowary Dibyashri , Das Lopa 
Published: February 2024

Context:
Plyometrics are exercises that are designed to improve muscle power using jump activity that involves jumping, hopping, and skipping. This study was concentrated on lateral plyometric jumps training which a type of lateral plyometric exercise is.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of lateral plyometric training on agility in football players.

Setting and Design:
This was a single-group pre–postexperimental study conducted on male football players.

Methodology:
Fifty-six football players participated in the age group between 15 and 25 years. All players were assessed for the Illinois agility test and lateral shuffle test to assess agility pre- and postintervention. Players performed 15 sessions of lateral plyometric jumps with a rest period of 2 days after every session for 1 month and 15 days.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS 26 Software. Mean median, mode, standard deviation, and paired t-test were done.

Results:
The results of the study showed statistically significant improvement with P = 0.000 (P < 0.05) in both the Illinois agility test and lateral shuffle test.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that the lateral plyometric jumps helped to improve the agility in football players.
Correlation of Talk Test with Heart Rate Reserve and Rating of Perceived Exertion among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Saini Minaxi , Kaur Jaspreet , Anuradha  
Published: February 2024

Context:
Prescription of exact doses and adherence to home exercise are always an issue for patients as well as for health-care professionals. Talk test (TT) is a subjective tool for exercise prescription that can be easily implemented in home settings. However, its validity and reliability are not established among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Study Setting and Design:
Observational study conducted at the outpatient department of civil hospital, Panchkula.

Subjects and Methods:
Fifty T2DM patients underwent exercise testing on a treadmill. Speaking comfort, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) level were noted at the completion of each stage of the modified Bruce protocol. Heart rate reserve (HRR) was calculated using the formula HRR = HRmax − HRrest.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Spearman’s rho test was used to explore the correlation among the study variables.

Results:
At a moderate level of exercise, the correlation is significant between HRR and TT (r = −0.514; P = 0.020), but the correlation between HRR-RPE is negligible (r = 0.293; P = 0.209). At a vigorous level of exercise, HRR is again correlated with TT (r = −0.539; P = 0.017), but the correlation between HRR and RPE is low (r = 0.439; P = 0.061).

Conclusion:
The study found that TT is correlated with HRR compared to RPE at a moderate level of intensity. Moderate–intensity exercises are the most common form of exercise prescribed to patients with T2DM. Therefore, it may be concluded that TT is a valid and reliable major of exercise prescription for patients with T2DM.
Survival Rate and Short-term Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants: A Tertiary Care Center Experience from the Private Sector
Authors: Mosalli Rafat , Baabad Ahmed , Mousa Ahmed Hafez , Binselm Ahmed , El Hosni Mechaal , Mazroua Mayada , Salahi Ahmed Shueai , Al Matrafi Mohammed , Alsaidi Douaa Alawi , Al Hazzani Fahad 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Premature birth is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The global incidence of prematurity ranges from 5% to 11% of all births. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of extremely preterm infants born below 29 weeks in our institution, with regard to survival and major short-term outcomes, and compare our results with national and international centers. This study is the first to be conducted in a private tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective descriptive cohort study that reviewed the medical records of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the International Medical Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January 2014 and January 2020. We compared our results to the national data from King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center-Riyadh, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC)-Jeddah and KAMC Riyadh, King Abdulaziz Medical City-Alhasa, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, and the Canadian Neonatal Network.

Results:
A total of 92 preterm infants were included: 3, 8, 17, 17, 29, and 18 infants with a gestational age of 23 weeks, 24 weeks, 25 weeks, 26 weeks, 27 weeks, and 28 weeks, respectively. The mean gestational age was 25 weeks and 5 days. Fifty-four infants (58.7%) survived to hospital discharge. In terms of short-term outcomes, 13% had bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus was present in 27%, and retinopathy of prematurity was found in 13%, necrotizing enterocolitis was diagnosed in 5.4%, while late-onset sepsis was reported in 23.9% of infants.

Conclusion:
Our study represents outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants in a single Private tertiary Care Center from Saudi Arabia with a comparison to national and international data. Though it cannot be generalized our data can be used as an add-value cohort toward establishing countrywide neonatal network to better plan regional resource allocation and utilization and facilitate ongoing audit, benchmarking, and overall quality improvement initiatives.
Is COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome-induced consumption leukocytopenia the possible cause of delayed sepsis?
Authors: Kumar Amarjeet , Kumar Abhyuday , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Kunal , Singh Veena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The adaptive immune response is crucial in limiting SARS-CoV-2 infections. The body’s immune system becomes hyperinflated when infected organs are not eradicated, which results in a cytokine storm. With chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the natural killer cells and T-cells become depleted, and start decreasing their count, leading to severe lymphopenia. The possible explanation could be (1) cytopathic effect of the virus over target cells, (2) bone marrow suppression, (3) increased consumption of leukocytes, and (4) apoptosis of target cells. This unique finding of cytokine storm-induced leukocytopenia in COVID-19 patients creates a fertile environment for superadded bacterial infection.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of the AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsule in subjects suffering from erectile dysfunction
Authors: Nipanikar Sanjay U , Mundhe Narendra B , Upasani Sachin A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors facilitate erections, however, unable to restore sexual desire (SD), overcome sexual resistance, or treat relational discord. The current investigation aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsule in subjects experiencing erectile dysfunction (ED).

Materials and Methods:
The study design employed a noncomparative, interventional, open-label format. It was conducted at a single center and followed a prospective clinical methodology. A total of 46 patients completed the study. Patients were asked to take two AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsules two times a day orally after meals with milk for 90 days. Changes in all domain scores of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, hardness of penis, male sexual health, sexual encounter profile, overall improvement, serum total testosterone, AE, and lab parameters were outcomes of the study. Statistical analysis involved the application of the chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Student t test to examine the relevant data.

Results:
On day 90, there was a notable and statistically significant increase in the mean Erectile Function Domain Score, with a rise of 42.4%. Significant improvements were observed on day 90 across multiple domains, including mean orgasmic function, mean SD, mean intercourse satisfaction, and mean sexual satisfaction domain scores. On day 90, complete improvement with full penile rigidity was observed in 78.3% of subjects, whereas 67.4% of subjects were very satisfied with the treatment and their sexual health and 78% of subjects showed good to excellent improvement. Serum total testosterone increased significantly by 1.29 times. Following the treatment, there were no significant changes observed in any of the laboratory parameters, indicating the safety of the AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsule.

Interpretation and Conclusions:
The AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsule was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of ED.
Acute cardiovascular manifestations with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children due to COVID-19 infection: A single-center prospective observational study
Authors: Bagri Dhan Raj , Sharma Rambabu , Meena Chiranji Lal , Gupta Manohar Lal , Gopaal Nishant , Sood Tanya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cardiac involvement is common in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. A majority of children have significantly raised levels of NT pro-BNP, ferritin, D-dimers, and cardiac troponin in addition to high C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels. Cardiac involvement may include rhythm disturbance, depressed myocardial function, valvar regurgitation, and/or coronary artery inflammation. This hospital-based prospective study was aimed to evaluate cardiovascular manifestations in cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Subjects and Methods:
The current study was a prospective observational study that included 100 children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after getting the requisite clearance from the institutional ethics committee; informed written consent of parents was taken before the start of the study.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 8.9 ± 3.9 years with 62% male children. Ninety-four percentage had MIS-C with KD phenotype while only 6% of kids developed shock. Abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) was found in 41%, pericardial effusion in 16%, left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in 42%, and coronary lesions found in 30% of patients. Abnormal NT-proBNP (>125 pg/ml) was noted in 90% of children. Abnormal cTnT was seen in 89%, and 91% of children had abnormal BNP. The present study found a mortality of 6%.

Conclusions:
MIS-C with KD phenotype is the most common presentation with raised cardiac injury markers. Abnormal ECG LVD and coronary lesions are transient common cardiac abnormalities which get resolved within 3 months of treatment.
Utility of magnetic resonance imaging of brain in neurocritically ill children in pediatric intensive care unit: A single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Saman Uroosa , Haque Anwarul , Hussain Namaya , Shamim Bushra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was increasingly performed in children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with acute nontraumatic neurological disorders. The study aimed to describe neuroimaging findings and contribution of brain MRI in children admitted with acute encephalopathy admitted in PICU as well as adverse events during procedure.

Subjects and Methods:
Retrospective chart of all children with nontraumatic acute brain insults required MRI of brain admitted in PICU from January 2019 to December 2021. Demographic, clinical diagnosis, ICU therapies, and pertinent neurodiagnostic data were collected into a structured data collection sheet. The neurodiagnostic findings, contribution in the clinical management either as diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic as well as any adverse events during procedure and transport were also collected. All transport and procedure was done by pediatric intensive care team. Appropriate descriptive and analytical statistical tests were applied.

Results:
Eight two had brain MRI during the study period. The median age (year) was 3.0 (2 mo.-16 years) the most common admitting diagnoses were central nervous system infections in 39 (47.5%) and Status epilepticus in 7 (8%) cases. Neurodiagnostic categories of MRI were inflammatory in 34 (41.5%) and vascular/ischemia in 23 (28%) cases. Brain MRI was contributory in 57 (69.5%) cases in management of child as diagnostic in 41 (71.9%), prognostic in 15 (26%) therapeutic in 1 (1.7%) while noncontributory in 25 (30%) cases. No adverse events were reported during MRI.

Conclusions:
Brain MRI was helpful for the diagnosis as well as prognosis for acute neurocritically ill children in PICU and associated with very few minor adverse events.
Severe pertussis in an infant: A case report from Morocco
Authors: Safiani Mehdi Oudrhiri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSevere pertussis is the leading cause of mortality due to infectious diseases in infants under 2 months old. It is a rare condition with a severe prognosis and a mortality rate of around 70%. The majority of pertussis-related deaths are attributed to this clinical form. Despite therapeutic advancements, such as exchange transfusion, the prognosis remains extremely severe, highlighting the importance of preventive treatment. Indeed, vaccination has significantly reduced the prevalence of the disease. Here, we present a case of a 2-month-old infant admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for respiratory and hemodynamic distress caused by severe pertussis.
The protective effects of Capparis spinosa aqueous extract against methotrexate in male albino rats
Authors: Ali Loay H , Abdulhadi Haitham L , Mohammed Nuha A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Methotrexate (MTX) concentrations in liver disorders can cause ischemia, requiring Capparis spinosa extract for antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

Objective:
The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain whether or not an aqueous extract of C. spinosa can lessen the cytotoxic effects of MTX in male albino rats.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 24 male albino rats were separated into four groups of six each. Oral normal saline (0.5 mL/kg BW) was administered to the placebo group. Group A received a weekly intraperitoneal injection of 20 mL/kg of MTX. The C. spinosa extract 250 mg/kg body weight group. The group was given MTX and C. spinosa 250 mg/kg by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection weekly for 3 months.

Results:
Aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the positive group compared to the control group. Alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels in the liver were also higher in participants who tested positive compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the treated group revealed no statistically significant changes in liver enzymes after receiving C. spinosa extract (P < 0.05). For the histological study, histological examination of the cross sections prepared from the liver of a rat injected with MTX as a single dose per week showed the presence of many histological lesions represented by the presence of degeneration and necrosis of the hepatocytes with rupturing of the wall of blood vessels, central veins, and hepatic veins, as well as the presence of infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study focused that C. spinosa are promising hepatoprotective elements for improving defence mechanisms in the physiological and histological systems against oxidative stress under various circumstances.
Immunological Profile of Serum Antibodies, Multiplex Cytokines, and Complement Proteins in Cystic Echinococcosis Patients
Authors: Hussien Faleeha Habeeb 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasite disease that affects people globally and causes cysts to develop in internal organs.

Objectives:
This study aimed to examine the effects of E. granulosus infection on the level of some immunological cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 and the level of IgM and IgG antibodies as well as to investigate the effects of hydatid cysts disease on complement proteins.

Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was carried out on 46 individuals whose ages ranged between 20 and 70. The study extended from September 2021 to May 2022. Forty-six blood samples were collected from patients infected with hydatidosis and 10 blood samples from non-infected as a control group. The blood samples were used to obtain the desired sera for immunological detection: immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG); interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and complement proteins (by using radial immnodiffusion plate).

Results:
The level of anti-echinococcosis IgM (304.7 ± 73.4 mg/dL) was higher in infected than uninfected persons (161.8 ± 14.2 mg/dL). Anti-echinococcosis IgG level in an infected individual (1587.3 ± 449.4 mg/dL) was higher when compared with control (1136 ± 25.4 mg/dL). The highest number of cases (19, 41.30%) was observed in age 41–50 years, followed by the age 31–40 years (11, 17.18%). The results showed a high increase in the incidence of infection with hydatid cyst among men (58.69%) in comparison to women (41.30%). The patients most at risk are those living in intimate association with animals’ environments. Three cytokines including (IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2) were significantly elevated (474.8 ± 116, 6.86 ± 0.6, and 7.01 ± 2.89 pg/mL) in patients with hydatidosis disease in comparison with the normal controls (118.4 ± 14.3, 6.11 ± 0.3, and 4.54 ± 0.4 pg/mL). Examining the complement protein production, we found that C3 and C4 were significantly higher (159.5 ± 51.6 and 36.15 ± 6.13 mg/dL) in patients with hydatidosis than those of controls (117.7 ± 8.1 and 26.4 ± 3.1).

Conclusions:
Our findings provide information on the effects of E. granulosis parasite on the profile of serum antibodies, multiplex cytokines, and complement proteins in cystic echinococcosis patients.