bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral infection with the Salmonella entericaserovar Gallinarum 9R attenuated live vaccine as a model to characterise immunity to fowl typhoid in the chicken
Authors: Wigley Paul , Hulme Scott , Powers Claire , Beal Richard , Smith Adrian , Barrow Paul 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background

Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality amongst infected flocks. Due to its virulence, the immune response to S. Gallinarum is poorly characterised. In this study we have utilised infection by the live attenuated S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine strain in inbred chickens to characterise humoral, cellular and cytokine responses to systemic salmonellosis.

Results
Infection with 9R results in a mild systemic infection. Bacterial clearance at three weeks post infection coincides with increases in circulating anti-Salmonella antibodies, increased T cell proliferation to Salmonella challenge and increased expression of interferon gamma. These responses peak at four weeks post infection, then decline. Only modest increases of expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β were detected early in the infection.

Conclusion
Infection of chickens with the 9R vaccine strain induces a mild form of systemic salmonellosis. This induces both cellular and humoral immune responses, which peak soon after bacterial clearance. Unlike enteric-associated Salmonella infections the immune response is not prolonged, reflecting the absence of persistence of Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. The findings here indicate that the use of the S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine strain is an effective model to study immunity to systemic salmonellosis in the chicken and may be employed in further studies to determine which components of the immune response are needed for protection.
Presacral Meningocele Associated with Hereditary Sacral Agenesis and Treated Surgically: Evaluation in Three Members of the Same Family
Authors: Marin-Sanabria Elio Arnaldo , Nagashima Tatsuya , Yamamoto Kazuki , Nakamura Yoshie , Aihara Hideo , Kohmura Eiji 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
Presacral meningocele in hereditary sacral agenesis is a complex and unusual spinal dysgenetic syndrome. Recognition of the syndromic triad, its natural history, and familial presentation has important practical applications for the management of this disease as well as its complications.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
This report concerns three patients in one family with Currarino syndrome. We detail its clinical presentation, operative management, and outcome and suggest management procedures based on reports in the literature and the results of our surgical techniques, which focus on cases with an “incomplete” triad.

INTERVENTION:
Three members of the same family, one adult and two children, underwent surgery through the posterior sacral approach tying off the communication between dural sac and anterior meningocele. The adult underwent a second surgical procedure in which a custom-designed surgical technique was used to resolve postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. One of the children underwent an additional posterior sagittal anorectoplasty to remove a presacral teratoma.

CONCLUSION:
We report a rare occurrence of three familial cases of sacral agenesis accompanied by a presacral mass with various degrees of phenotypic expression and with male dominant transmission. Because of its rarity, the best surgical technique and timing remain an open question especially in cases with incomplete triad syndrome.
Selection at Work in Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis lyrata: Mating Patterns in a Natural Population
Authors: Schierup Mikkel H , Bechsgaard Jesper S , Nielsen Lene H , Christiansen Freddy B 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Identification and characterization of the self-incompatibility genes in Brassicaceae species now allow typing of self-incompatibility haplotypes in natural populations. In this study we sampled and mapped all 88 individuals in a small population of Arabidopsis lyrata from Iceland. The self-incompatibility haplotypes at the SRK gene were typed for all the plants and some of their progeny and used to investigate the realized mating patterns in the population. The observed frequencies of haplotypes were found to change considerably from the parent generation to the offspring generation around their deterministic equilibria as determined from the known dominance relations among haplotypes. We provide direct evidence that the incompatibility system discriminates against matings among adjacent individuals. Multiple paternity is very common, causing mate availability among progeny of a single mother to be much larger than expected for single paternity.
New Positive Regulators of lin-12 Activity in Caenorhabditis elegans Include the BRE-5/Brainiac Glycosphingolipid Biosynthesis Enzyme
Authors: Katic Iskra , Vallier Laura G , Greenwald Iva 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Screens for suppressors of lin-12 hypermorphic alleles in C. elegans have identified core components and modulators of the LIN-12/Notch signaling pathway. Here we describe the recovery of alleles of six new genes from a screen for suppressors of the egg-laying defect associated with elevated lin-12 activity. The molecular identification of one of the new suppressor genes revealed it as bre-5, which had previously been identified in screens for mutations that confer resistance to Bt toxin in C. elegans. bre-5 is the homolog of D. melanogaster brainiac. BRE-5/Brainiac catalyzes a step in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids, components of lipid rafts that are thought to act as platforms for association among certain kinds of membrane-bound proteins. Reducing the activity of several other genes involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis also suppresses the effects of constitutive lin-12 activity. Genetic analysis and cell ablation experiments suggest that bre-5 functions prior to ligand-induced ectodomain shedding that activates LIN-12 for signal transduction.
l7Rn6Encodes a Novel Protein Required for Clara Cell Function in Mouse Lung Development
Authors: Fernández-Valdivia Rodrigo , Zhang Ying , Pai Sonia , Metzker Michael L , Schumacher Armin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe highly secretory Clara cells play a pivotal role in protecting the lung against inflammation and oxidative stress. This study reports the positional cloning of a novel protein required for Clara cell physiology in mouse lung development. The perinatal lethal N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced l7Rn64234SB allele contained a nonsense mutation in the previously hypothetical gene NM_026304 on chromosome 7. Whereas l7Rn6 mRNA levels were indistinguishable from wild type, l7Rn64234SB homozygotes exhibited decreased expression of the truncated protein, suggesting protein instability. During late gestation, l7Rn6 was widely expressed in the cytoplasm of lung epithelial cells, whereas perinatal expression was restricted to the bronchiolar epithelium. Homozygosity for the l7Rn64234SB allele did not affect early steps in lung patterning, growth, or cellular differentiation. Rather, mutant lungs demonstrated severe emphysematous enlargement of the distal respiratory sacs at birth. Clara cell pathophysiology was evident from decreased cytoplasmic CCSP and SP-B protein levels, enlargement and disorganization of the Golgi complex, and formation of aberrant vesicular structures. Additional support for a role in the secretory pathway derived from l7Rn6 localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, l7Rn6 represents a novel protein required for organization and/or function of the secretory apparatus in Clara cells in mouse lung.
Wettability of Bionic Nanopapilla Particles and Their High Electrorheological Activity
Authors: Wang B. X. , Zhao X. P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractInspired by the nano‐ and microscale structure of biological surfaces, a kind of nanopapilla particle possessing both nano‐ and microscale structure has been prepared via a hydrothermal method. The nanopapilla particles have been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The results show that TiO2 nanopapillae are radially distributed on the surface of thin‐flake kaolinite. The BET surface area and the wettability of the nanopapilla particles show a marked improvement compared to kaolinite. Moreover, the oleophilic ability of the kaolinite/TiO2 nanopapilla particles spurs a very high electrorheological activity, which is about fifty times that of pure kaolinite. It is suggested that the significant electrorheological improvement can be attributed to the enhanced dielectric properties of the nanopapilla‐particle electrorheological fluid.
Modeling of an IGC experiment to analyze ternary polymer–solvent systems
Authors: Davis Peter K. , Duda J. Larry , Danner Ronald P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA variation of the capillary column inverse gas chromatography (IGC) experiment is proposed to measure the thermodynamics and diffusion coefficients in ternary polymer–solvent–solvent systems, and a theoretical model has been developed for this proposed experiment. The model has been derived to include both main and mutual cross‐diffusion coefficients. Ternary vapor–liquid equilibria was represented by a coefficient matrix of the isotherm tangents. The governing equations of the model were uncoupled and solved using both an analytical Laplace transform technique and a numerical finite‐difference technique. Solution of the model shows that in the presence of strong cross‐diffusion and thermodynamic coefficients, unusual chromatographic behavior can be observed, suggesting that IGC can be a useful technique for measuring thermodynamic and mass‐transport properties of ternary polymer–solvent–solvent systems. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
DNA polymerase chain reaction: A model of error frequencies and extension rates
Authors: Griep Mark , Whitney Scott , Nelson Michael , Viljoen Hendrik 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most important reactions in molecular biology. The detailed mechanistic studies of the polymerase chain reaction have revealed a complex sequence of reversible reactions that involve intermediaries and activated complexes. The DNA polymerase does not merely facilitate the insertion of dNMP (deoxynucleotide monophosphates), but it also performs rapid screening of substrates to ensure a high degree of fidelity. The main result of this study is an expression for the average extension rate of the enzyme. The model is versatile and additional complexities, such as the type of nucleotide to be inserted, the GC content of the sequence in the vicinity of the insertion site, and the topology of the template, such as kinks and hairpins, are easy to incorporate. The insertion of incorrect nucleotides into the sequence is also addressed. Expressions to predict error frequencies are presented. It is shown that a relation exists between error frequency and extension rate: the error frequency is a minimum when the extension rate is optimal. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Reduction and carburization of metal oxides by methane‐containing gas
Authors: Ostrovski Oleg , Zhang Guangqing 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper presents examination results of reduction and carburization of the oxides of iron, manganese, chromium, and titanium by CH4–H2–Ar gas mixture. The reactions were investigated in a laboratory fixed‐bed reactor in temperature‐programmed and isothermal‐reduction experiments. The extents and kinetics of the reduction of metal oxides as a function of gas composition and temperature were determined by on‐line, off‐gas analysis using a mass spectrometer. Methane‐containing gas with high carbon activity (above unity relative to graphite) provided strongly reducing conditions, in which metal oxides were reduced and carburized to metal carbides. Iron oxide was first reduced to metallic iron by hydrogen, and then metallic iron was carburized to cementite by methane. Manganese oxides were reduced to carbide Mn7C3; the product of reduction of chromium oxide was carbide Cr3C. Rutile was reduced to titanium oxycarbide in the following sequence: TiO2 → Ti5O9 → Ti4O7 → Ti3O5 → Ti2O3 → TiOxCy. Reduction by methane‐containing gas occurs through adsorption and dissociation of methane with formation of adsorbed active carbon. Deposition of solid carbon retards the reduction. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
A syndrome characterized by contractures and pterygia of upper body associated with umbilical hernia, short stature, and distinctive face in an Arabic family
Authors: Shalev Stavit A. , Spiegel Ronen , Hall Judith G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA large Moslem Arabic family from the North of Israel is presented in which nine individuals are affected with short stature (5th centile and below), variable pterygium of neck or short neck with limited range of motion, pterygium of elbows, short palms, and brachydactyly. Other abnormalities of the fingers include syndactyly, camptodactyly, and/or hypermobility of the small joints. The face typically appeared long and myopathic. Ptosis was present with downslanting palpebral fissures, facial movements were reduced and the midface was flat. Umbilical hernia was present together with hypoplasia of the skin in the periumbilical area. The lower body region was unaffected in this family. The family is characterized by multiple consanguineous marriages, and the pedigree is consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. The phenotype seems to be distinct from other multiple pterygium syndromes because the lower limbs are spared, and the umbilical hernia with hypoplastic skin has not been described previously. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
XX sex reversal, palmoplantar keratoderma, and predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma: Genetic analysis in one family
Authors: Radi Orietta , Parma Pietro , Imbeaud Sandrine , Nasca Maria Rita , Uccellatore Filippo , Maraschio Paola , Tiepolo Luciano , Micali Giuseppe , Camerino Giovanna 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe describe a large inbred Sicilian family that includes four 46, XX (SRY−) brothers. Palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and an associated predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, segregates as a recessive trait within the family. Interestingly, all the PPK‐affected members of the family are phenotypic males (46,XY or 46,XX) while seven XX sibs are healthy phenotypic females with no signs of PPK. We propose that homozygosity for a single mutational event, possibly including contiguous genes, may cause PPK/SCC in both XY or XX individuals and sex reversal in XX individuals. The family is informative for linkage analysis for the PPK trait and allows linkage exclusion for the sex reversal trait. Here we show that 15 loci involved in PPK etiology, skin differentiation, function or malignancy, and nine loci involved in sex determination/differentiation are not implicated in the phenotype of this family. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel phenotype of craniosynostosis and ocular anterior chamber dysgenesis with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 mutation
Authors: McCann Emma , Kaye Stephen B. , Newman William , Norbury Gail , Black Graeme C.M. , Ellis Ian H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutations are associated with syndromic and non‐syndromic craniosynostoses. More recently it has been recognized that FGFR2 may have a role in the development of the anterior chamber of the eye following the finding of a specific FGFR2 mutation (p.Ser351Cys, c.1231 C → G) with anterior chamber dysgenesis. Affected patients had a severe craniofacial phenotype and clinical course. A child with a different FGFR2 mutation (p.Ala344Ala, c1032 G → A heterozygote), premature fusion of the sagittal suture, and an Axenfeld–Rieger anomaly but otherwise normal clinical course is reported. The case provides further evidence that FGFR2 has a role in anterior chamber embryogenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precision and error of three‐dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images
Authors: Aldridge Kristina , Boyadjiev Simeon A. , Capone George T. , DeLeon Valerie B. , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe genetic basis for complex phenotypes is currently of great interest for both clinical investigators and basic scientists. In order to acquire a thorough understanding of the translation from genotype to phenotype, highly precise measures of phenotypic variation are required. New technologies, such as 3D photogrammetry are being implemented in phenotypic studies due to their ability to collect data rapidly and non‐invasively. Before these systems can be broadly implemented, the error associated with data collected from images acquired using these technologies must be assessed. This study investigates the precision, error, and repeatability associated with anthropometric landmark coordinate data collected from 3D digital photogrammetric images acquired with the 3dMDface System. Precision, error due to the imaging system, error due to digitization of the images, and repeatability are assessed in a sample of children and adults (n = 15). Results show that data collected from images with the 3dMDface System are highly repeatable and precise. The average error associated with the placement of landmarks is sub‐millimeter; both the error due to digitization and due to the imaging system are very low. The few measures showing a higher degree of error include those crossing the labial fissure, which are influenced by even subtle movement of the mandible. These results suggest that 3D anthropometric data collected using the 3dMDface System are highly reliable and, therefore, useful for evaluation of clinical dysmorphology and surgery, analyses of genotype‐phenotype correlations, and inheritance of complex phenotypes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type VIB with characteristic facies, decreased curvatures of the spinal column, and joint contractures in two unrelated girls
Authors: Kosho Tomoki , Takahashi Jun , Ohashi Hirofumi , Nishimura Gen , Kato Hiroyuki , Fukushima Yoshimitsu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwo unrelated girls, aged 11 and 14 years, with clinical manifestations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) type VIB, characteristic facies, skeletal abnormalities, and other features are described. They had Marfanoid habitus with pectus excavatum; fragile, hyperextensible, and readily bruisable skin with widened, atrophic scars; recurrent hematomas; generalized joint laxity; hypotonia; scoliosis; and mild delay of gross motor development. Lysyl hydroxylase deficiency was ruled out in Patient 1. Parental consanguinity was present in Patient 2. They both had, in early childhood, down‐slanting palpebral fissures, drooping lower eyelids, short nose, small mouth, and long philtrum. Facial features that persisted included thick eyebrows, hypertelorism, strabismus, blue sclerae, low‐set, and slanted ears, hypoplastic columella, high‐arched palate, and thin upper lip. They had tubular stenosis of the phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals; decreased physiological curvatures of the spinal column with tall vertebrae; and joint contractures including talipes equinovarus and progressive talipes valgus. Their hearing of high‐pitched sounds was impaired. They had constipation and recurrent cystitis with an enlarged bladder. In view of these findings, we propose that these two girls represent a clinically recognizable subgroup of EDS type VIB. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic engineering of taxol biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: DeJong JingHong M. , Liu Yule , Bollon Arthur P. , Long Robert M. , Jennewein Stefan , Williams David , Croteau Rodney B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBaccatin III, an intermediate of Taxol biosynthesis and a useful precursor for semisynthesis of the anti‐cancer drug, is produced in yew (Taxus) species by a sequence of 15 enzymatic steps from primary metabolism. Ten genes encoding enzymes of this extended pathway have been described, thereby permitting a preliminary attempt to reconstruct early steps of taxane diterpenoid (taxoid) metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a microbial production host. Eight of these taxoid biosynthetic genes were functionally expressed in yeast from episomal vectors containing one or more gene cassettes incorporating various epitope tags to permit protein surveillance and differentiation of those pathway enzymes of similar size. All eight recombinant proteins were readily detected by immunoblotting using specific monoclonal antibodies and each expressed protein was determined to be functional by in vitro enzyme assay, although activity levels differed considerably between enzyme types. Using three plasmids carrying different promoters and selection markers, genes encoding five sequential pathway steps leading from primary isoprenoid metabolism to the intermediate taxadien‐5α‐ acetoxy‐10β‐ol were installed in a single yeast host. Metabolite analysis showed that yeast isoprenoid precursors could be utilized in the reconstituted pathway because products accumulated from the first two engineered pathway steps (leading to the committed intermediate taxadiene); however, a pathway restriction was encountered at the first cytochrome P450 hydroxylation step. The means of overcoming this limitation are described in the context of further development of this novel approach for production of Taxol precursors and related taxoids in yeast. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of an Li0.7Ni0.8Co0.2O2 Electrode Material from a New Li—Co—Ni Mixed‐Citrate Precursor.
Authors: Mosqueda Yodalgis , Perez‐Cappe Eduardo , Aranda Pilar , Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bright Chemiluminescence During the Solid‐Phase Reaction of Uranium(IV) Sulfate and Sodium Perxenate Powders.
Authors: Khazimullina Larisa N. , Antipin Vyacheslav A. , Mamykin Alexander V. , Tananaev Ivan G. , Kazakov Valerii P. , Myasoedov Boris F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Layered Copper(II) Oxide Na2Cu2TeO6.
Authors: Xu Jianxiao , Assoud Abdeljalil , Soheilnia Navid , Derakhshan Shahab , Cuthbert Heather L. , Greedan John E. , Whangbo Mike H. , Kleinke Holger 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Using Amidines as Their Ene‐1,1‐diamine Tautomers. Part 1. Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydro‐3H‐pyridin‐2‐one, 3,4‐Dihydropyrrol‐2‐one and 1,3‐Dihydropyrrol‐2‐one Derivatives by the Reaction of Amidines with α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Ito Kunio , Kizuka Yoshiko , Hirano Yuji 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solid State Deprotection of Thioacetals and Thioketals Using 1‐Benzyl‐4‐aza‐1‐azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Periodate and Aluminum Chloride.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Ruoho Arnold E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Chloropyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones as Electrophilic Chlorinating Agents: Effective α‐Chlorination of Active Methylene/Methine Compounds.
Authors: Park Yong‐Dae , Kim Jeum‐Jong , Cho Su‐Dong , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Falck J. Russell , Yoon Yong‐Jin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Direct Synthesis of Tertiary Amines with Three Different Substituents via the Reaction of Primary Amines, Alkyl Halides, and α‐Chlorine Substituted Allylsilanes Catalyzed by Lewis Acids.
Authors: Kozuka Makoto , Tsuchida Teruko , Mitani Michiharu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.