bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Legislation on the Lease of Agricultural Land by the Municipality
Authors: Tekeli Jozef , Mereššová Judita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
On May 1, 2021, Act No. 151/2021 Coll., amending Act No. 504/2003 Coll. on the lease of agricultural land, agricultural business and forest land and on the amendment of certain laws as amended by later regulations, which amend Act of the Slovak National Council No. 330/1991 Coll. on land adjustments, arrangement of land ownership, land offices, land fund and on land communities as amended (hereinafter referred to as “Amendment No. 151/2021 Coll.”) entered into force. Amendment No. 151/2021 Coll. fundamentally changes the rules and obligations of the municipality as the owner of agricultural land when leasing agricultural land to other persons. The paper clearly explains the most important institutes related to the lease of agricultural land by the municipality and points out the new legal regime of the lease of municipal agricultural land effective from 1 May 2021.
The Development of Drone Techology and its Regulation in the European Union
Authors: Szira Zoltán , Varga Erika , Csegődi Tibor László , Milics Gábor 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, have rapidly transformed from niche gadgets to versatile tools with widespread applications across various sectors. This paper investigates the regulatory landscape of drones within the European Union (EU) and its intricate balance between fostering technological innovation and addressing safety, privacy, security, and environmental concerns. Drones’ exponential growth in Europe’s airspace has prompted the EU to establish a legal framework that addresses their multifaceted implications. While drones offer unprecedented opportunities in areas like disaster response and remote sensing, they also pose challenges such as airspace congestion, potential privacy breaches, and ecological disturbances. This paper examines the evolving legal frameworks, policy developments, and technological advancements that characterize drone regulation in the EU. The study delves into key considerations including air traffic management, data protection, privacy preservation, environmental sustainability, and international collaboration. By analysing EU regulations, such as the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) standards, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and European initiatives on unmanned aircraft systems, this paper uncovers the complex interplay of legal, technical, and ethical dimensions.
The Economy of Czech Exchange in the Slovak Marketplace of Austria After the Fall of Hungary
Authors: Diweg-Pukanec Martin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lexical quanta in writing and speech are important indicators of an individual’s social class. This paper analyses the lexical features of the utterances produced by writers/speakers from different social classes in terms of word length based on a representative sample of letters from the Kremnica archive. The study found that writers/ speakers from different social classes showed different average word length in the 2nd half of the 16th century. According to the analysis of the letters, writers/speakers from the upper classes produced utterances with longer words than those from the lower classes. These differences are explained by factors related to the individual’s social class backgrounds and his “right to speech” or “right to be read”. The linguistic economy principle, objective of which is to save more time and energy by conveying more information with less effort is thus far from exhaustive and by no means reflects the whole sociolinguistic reality.
Statistician, Programmer, Data Scientist? Who is, or Should Be, a Corpus Linguist in the 2020s?
Authors: Grabowski Łukasz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this short essay, I aim to ruminate on the nature of a corpus linguist’s work in the 2020s, a time marked by unprecedented advancements in the field of computer technologies and artificial intelligence. This seems to be particularly relevant considering the theme of the 12th International Conference Slovko 2023, which is “Natural Language Processing and Corpus Linguistics”. In the last two decades or so, corpus linguistics has drawn extensively from the fields such as statistics, computer science and data science. In many respects corpus linguistics has served as a significant source of inspiration for progress in the field of natural language processing (NLP), leading to the development of large language models (LLMs) as well as recent introduction of conversational artificial intelligence, among others. Thus, in this paper I will make an attempt at identifying the skills that may help rank-and-file or aspiring corpus linguists to survive and, hopefully, flourish in the research field in the 2020s.
Dative Ambiguity in Rusian: A Corpus Induced Study
Authors: Jurkiewicz-Rohrbacher Edyta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
When describing the Russian dative case, an observation often made in passing is that its assignment to certain types of arguments is ambiguous, particularly in constructions with a predicative infinitive. Thus far, no studies have put this problem into focus nor described the range of structures to which it applies. I approach this problem with corpus-driven methods. The present study shows that the predicate order and the referential prominence hierarchy can be used as explanatory variables in the modelling of the semanticsyntactic role assignment.
The Competition of German Adjectival Suffixes
Authors: Kalaš Filip 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper presents a corpus linguistic perspective on two adjectival suffixes -al and -ell in the German language. Its attention is focused on the distributional frequency of the derived adjectives, the semantic motivation and contextual occurrence through the lens of retried adjective + noun collocations. On top of that, the paper attempts to determine the superiority of such derived adjectives in the specialised vocabulary.
Proverbs in Contemporary Czech. Corpus Probe into Written Texts
Authors: Kopřivová Marie , Šichová Kateřina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper deals with the possibility of creating a paremiological optimum for students of Czech as a foreign language. The selection of proverbs should reflect the frequency, familiarity with and use of proverbs. The study focuses on the most frequent proverbs in written Czech, using contemporary idiomatically annotated corpora. On this basis, our own minimum was created. The paper compares the results with previous studies on the paremiological minima of Czech (Schindler 1993 and Čermák 2003) and shows the intersection of all three minima.
Keywords in Religious Literature of 17th and 18th Centuries in Light of the Data from the Electronic Corpus of 17th - and 18th -Century Polish Texts
Authors: Majdak Magdalena 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses the application of standard keyword extraction methods from corpus linguistics for the study of old Polish language. The unfolding analysis is based on writings included in the Electronic Corpus of 17th- and 18th-century Polish Texts. The aim of this analysis is to select keywords from over two million tokens derived from texts tagged as religion in the corpus and compare them with the reference corpus containing over nine million tokens, while verifying the applicability of the log-likelihood method for the analysis of old Polish language and developing a part of the research model.
Adverbs Derived from Adjectival Present Participles in Polish, Slovak and Czech: A Comparative Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Schillová Aksana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper investigates and compares the inventory of adverbs derived from adjectival present participles in the Polish, Slovak and Czech languages. The particularity of these adverbs is that they do not occur in every language, even if it concerns closely related languages. While in Polish and Slovak this type of adverbs is represented by hundreds of lemmas, in Czech it is almost not represented. The comparative analysis is carried out on the data retrieved from the comparable web corpora Aranea. The sets of adverbs extracted from the comparable corpora of the languages examined are analysed by the following criteria: the total number of the adverb lemmas in the corpus, their relative frequency (ipm), morphemic structure features, collocability preferences. The similarities and differences between the adverb sets are established. According to the corpus data, the adverbs derived from adjectival present participles are more widely used in Polish than in Slovak, and in Czech they are a rare phenomenon represented by a limited number of lemmas with a negligible frequency.
Comparative Lexical Analysis of Noun Lemmas in Slovak Judicial Decisions
Authors: Zumrík Miroslav 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper presents a comparative lexical analysis of the most frequent noun lemmas in Slovak judicial decisions. The data was taken from the large corpus of decisions provided by the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic, and compared with lemmas from four other corpora. The style of administrative, legal and other highly formalized texts has been receiving attention in recent years, although research into the style of Slovak judicial decisions remains rather sparse, which could partially stem from their idiosyncratic nature. The paper’s aim is thus to focus on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of noun lemmas found specifically in the style of judicial decisions.
Spanish Synonyms as Part of a Multilingual Event-Type Ontology
Authors: Fernández-Alcaina Cristina , Fučíková Eva , Hajič Jan , Urešová Zdeňka 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an ongoing work on the multilingual event-type ontology SynSemClass, where multilingual verbal synonymy is formalized in terms of syntactic and semantic properties. In the ontology, verbs are grouped into synonym classes, both monolingually and cross-lingually. Specifically, verbs are considered to belong to the same class if they both express the same meaning in a specific context, and their valency frame can be mapped to the set of roles defined for a particular class. SynSemClass is built following a bottom-up approach where translational equivalents are automatically extracted from parallel corpora and annotated by human annotators. The task of the annotators consists in mapping the valency frame of a particular verb with the set of roles defined for the class where the verb is included as a potential class member, establishing links to external resources, and selecting relevant examples. The Spanish part of the ontology currently contains 257 classes enriched with Spanish synonyms. The resulting resource provides finegrained syntactic and semantic information on multilingual verbal synonyms and links to other existing monolingual and multilingual resources.
Towards a Corpus-Based Dictionary of Verbal Government for the Russian Language
Authors: Klyshinsky Eduard , Bogdanova Anna , Kopotev Mikhail 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a technique for automatic verbal governance extraction in the Russian language, which encapsulates information on the grammatical features of verbnoun co-occurrences, encompassing both prepositional and non-prepositional dependencies. The construction of the dictionary, a corpus of approximately 3.5 billion words was used. The proposed method involves syntactic parsing of the texts, filtering of resultant outputs, and creating a dictionary of prepositional government. After error filtering, the dictionary contains ca. 18,000 verbs along with NP/PPs governed by these verbs.
Differences in Spoken Language Processing in General Corpora (ORAL, ORTOFON) and in a Specialized Corpus (DIALEKT) and their Reflection in the Mapka Application
Authors: Waclawičová Martina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
ORAL and ORTOFON, general corpora of the spoken Czech language, capture authentic and prototypical informal spoken language. DIALEKT, a specialized corpus, represents traditional regional dialects of the Czech language. Since the corpora’s goals and the nature of the captured language data differ, different data collection methods were required. It concerns not only the choice of speakers, but the whole communication situation. Samples chosen from these three corpora are included in the Mapka application and reflect the distinct character of the corpora. The ORAL and ORTOFON samples show general spoken language in various informal situations and capture a wide range of speakers. The DIALEKT samples represent traditional regional dialects spoken by chosen types of speakers in a semiformal situation of guided interview.
Morphosyntactic Annotation in Universal Dependencies for Old Czech
Authors: Zeman Daniel , Kosek Pavel , Březina Martin , Pergler Jiří 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We describe the first steps in preparation of a treebank of 14th-century Czech in the framework of Universal Dependencies. The Dresden and Olomouc versions of the Gospel of Matthew have been selected for this pilot study, which also involves modification of the annotation guidelines for phenomena that occur in Old Czech but not in Modern Czech. We describe some of these modifications in the paper. In addition, we provide some interesting observations about applicability of a Modern Czech parser to the Old Czech data.
CapekDraCor: A New Contribution to the European Programable Drama Corpora
Authors: Pořízka Petr 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the new CapekDraCor corpus and the DraCor project with its research-oriented concept of a programmable corpora focused on quantitative analyses within the framework of computational literary studies. This digital platform extends the possibilities of large-scale drama analysis with a focus on the dramatic character(s). The basic operationalisation is the interaction within a dramatic configuration, i.e., the scenic co-presence of two speakers, from which network data are automatically extracted, both global networks of interactions of dramas and data characterising individual actors, i.e., literary characters.
The paper demonstrates the CapekDraCor corpus, a new contribution to the extensive DraCor database, and presents the way the data are processed with respect to their specific multi-layered structure. The corpus contains all the plays written by Karel and Josef Čapek and the data are processed in a standardized format based on XML and general TEI guidelines for processing drama with a defined basic drama tagset. CapekDraCor also uses the newly created EZdrama format for data processing, which works as an intermediate step from .txt to .xml file as a lightweight YAML-like markup language. A file in this format can be automatically converted into a DraCor-ready XML file with a TEI header.
The advantage of the programmable corpora concept is the possibility to use suitably structured data for drama research outside the DraCor platform and with other methods or tools for textual analysis. Simultaneously, this approach moves the researcher from the technical requirements of the analysis to operationalised computational analysis based on research questions and pre-prepared and flexible tools. DraCor is a unique open infrastructure (both in terms of data and tools) for the analysis of European drama, currently comprising 15 corpora in 10 different languages with a total of about 3,000 plays from a wide range of periods.
Multiple Interpretation and Fragmented Texts Within a Historical Corpus: The Case of Old East Slavic Vernacular Writing
Authors: Sitchinava Dmitri 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the issue of fragmented and/or ambiguously interpreted texts within the corpora of Old East Slavic vernacular writing. One of these corpora, the corpus of the Old East Slavic birchbark letters, is already available, the other, comprising the texts of Old East Slavic inscriptions, is under preparation. Due to the fragmentary state of many birchbark and epigraphy texts, their lemmatization and grammatical tagging may be uncertain and multiple interpretations may coexist. Some lemmas survive only in fragments which are nevertheless relevant for the study of lexicon. The grammatical status of many fragments may be firmly established despite lacking lexical information. However the relevant data on these fragments is not available in the word indices and corpora that take into consideration only best-preserved word forms. In the paper, the representation and annotation of such word forms within the Old East Slavic vernacular corpora is presented, and relative frequencies of such phenomena within the birchbark letter corpus are shown, with some case studies showing the relevance of the annotation of fragmented forms. The existing approaches, namely for the classical epigraphy within the EpiDoc standard and in the Hittite syntactic treebanks, are also briefly presented and compared to the solution found within the Old East Slavic vernacular corpora.
Text Vectorization Techniques Based on Wordnet
Authors: Držík Dávid , Šteflovič Kirsten 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The utilization of text vectorization techniques has become essential for numerous classification tasks in present-day natural language processing. Word embedding methods commonly used today, such as Word2Vec, GloVe, etc., are based on the semantic similarity of words. WordNet, as a lexical database of words, provides a rich source of semantic information. In our article, we propose a text vectorization technique using extended text data with the data augmentation method, specifically by replacing words with their synonyms obtained from WordNet. The results obtained from text classification tasks using multiple classifiers demonstrate that expanding the corpus with this method leads to improved vector representations of words.
ANOPHONE: An Annotation Tool for Phonemes and L2 Annotation Systems for Czech
Authors: Holaj Richard , Pořízka Petr 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The goal of this text is the presentation of the ANOPHONE annotation system, which allows for the management and annotation of speech data to develop a tool for the automatic transcription of speech of non-native speakers of Czech. This system is currently designed for annotations on the segmental level of recordings of non-native speakers of Czech, with the aim to train automatic speech recognition (ASR) models used in this tool.
After an introductory section that discusses the use of technology in pronunciation teaching and mentions some of the e-learning applications for teaching the pronunciation of second languages (L2), we address both general and more specific aspects of speech data annotation to train ASR models and mention attributive and synthetic segmental systems of speech data annotation for Czech as L2. We also briefly introduce the annotation system of non-native speakers of Czech called BV1, which is used for testing the ANOPHONE tool. The main part of this text focuses on presenting the annotation tool itself, while the conclusion describes the experience of testing the speech data annotation tool using BV1 annotation system for Czech as L2.
When is a Crisis Really a Crisis? Using NLP and Corpus Linguistic Methods to Reveal Differences in Migration Discourse Across Czech Media
Authors: Pekáček Ondřej , Elmerot Irene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of discourses on refugees, asylum seekers, immigrants, and migrants (RASIM) in mainstream and alternative media in the Czech Republic. Using techniques from corpus linguistics (CL) and natural language processing (NLP) and drawing on insights from media sociology, we demonstrate the value of an interdisciplinary approach for conducting robust research that can inform policymakers and media practitioners. Our analysis of nearly one million documents from January 2015 to February 2023 reveals distinctive terms and phrases used by alternative media, highlighting the growing divergence between the mainstream and alternative media discourse and its intensity over different periods. These findings have implications for understanding the mobilization of anti-systemic groups, particularly those on the far right.
Gender Differences in Transport Behaviour Patterns
Authors: Lejsková Pavla , Pojkarová Kateřina , Kudláčková Nina , Becková Helena , Čubranić-Dobrodolac Marjana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gender equality is a topical issue that also concerns the transport sector. Gender-neutral transport systems may not be equally suitable for each gender and thus fail to meet their mobility requirements. Therefore, there is a need to study the transport behaviour of men and women and use the findings to further develop transport systems. This article focuses on gender differences in transport behaviour patterns. To obtain the necessary data, a survey was conducted through a structured personal questionnaire. The results were then processed using selected statistical methods. The results of the survey show that the differences are mainly in the means of transport used or the purposes of the trips. On the other hand, as for the criteria that influence the selection of a mode of travel, time is equally important for both women and men, followed by the purpose of the journey and the availability of transport. The survey thus confirmed that there are significant differences in the transport behaviour of men and women.
Agility and Artificial Intelligence Adoption: Small vs. Large Enterprises
Authors: Rožman Maja , Oreški Dijana , Crnogaj Katja , Tominc Polona 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article presents the findings of a survey conducted in Slovenia, encompassing a random sample of 275 enterprises, to analyze the factors influencing the transition to an agile approach, the AI-supported organizational culture, AI-enabled workload reduction, and AI-enabled performance enhancement in small and large enterprises. The study investigates whether there are statistically significant differences between small and large enterprises in Slovenia regarding these aspects. These findings provide valuable insights into the distinct perspectives and priorities of small and large enterprises in Slovenia regarding agility and the adoption of AI technologies. The results highlight areas where small businesses may need additional support or targeted strategies to fully leverage the benefits of agility and AI. Policymakers and industry leaders can utilize these findings to promote tailored approaches that enhance agility and facilitate effective AI integration in both small and large enterprises, ultimately contributing to the growth and competitiveness of the Slovenian business landscape.
Wages and Income Impacts of a Liberal Migration Policy: An Experimental Study
Authors: Miťková Veronika , Kralova Sona 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the impact of a liberal migration policy that increases labour quotas by 5% on wages and income of residents, native migrants, and new migrants. The article focuses on the impact of migration in 21 areas, with particular attention given to Slovakia and Germany. It is based on data collected from the Global Trade Analysis Project database and the experimental design by Walmsley, Ahmed, and Parsons, with adjustments to capture current global migration flows. The findings indicate that the immigration of new unskilled workers negatively impacts the real wages of unskilled residents, decreasing them by almost 3%, while the arrival of skilled workers increases them by 0.73%. Similarly, the real wages of skilled residents decrease by 2.62% due to the arrival of new skilled migrants, while unskilled migration results in its increase by 0.53%. These findings can aid policymakers in developing policies that maximize the benefits of migration. This research provides new insights into the wage effects of migration in different areas, focusing on Germany and Slovakia.