bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
jesus as the prophet of the new millennium: then and now
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Christians did not stop telling stories about jesus once the earliest gospels were written. Tales of his words and deeds circulated wherever christianity was spread, some of them based on the written texts that were becoming available, others passed along from beginning to end by word of mouth. As we have seen, this mode of transmission allowed the stories to be changed in smaller or greater ways, as they were told and retold year after year, decade after decade, among people who had not actually seen Jesus and who lived in other countries, came from other backgrounds, and spoke other languages. Jesus from Different Perspectives
Introduction
Authors: Hatcher Brian A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mere fact that historians of religion have dedicated little intensive study to the phenomenon of eclecticism would seem in itself a sufficiently good reason to devote some attention to it. However, I would be less than honest if I were to say that’s why I began this project. As it turns out, I started looking at the problem of eclecticism for somewhat different reasons; only subsequently did I come to the realization that this was territory that had not been heavily reconnoitered by my scholarly forebears and contemporary colleagues in the study of religion. Let me begin, then, by simply outlining the genesis of my interest in the phenomenon of eclecticism, especially in its modem Hindu manifestations. Two sets of remarks should serve to suggest how this book came to be written as it did.
Conclusion
Authors: Hatcher Brian A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the preceding chapters I have tried to raise a number of questions regarding the phenomenon of eclecticism. Is it possible to devise a general model of eclecticism that can do justice to its various historical manifestations? What are the differing valuations of eclecticism within modernist and postmodernist discourse? Can an awareness of the shifting verdicts on eclecticism within the Western intellectual tradition help us revisit or revise dominant Indological attitudes toward the eclectic dimensions of South Asian religious life and literature? If so, how might we formulate an alternate interpretation of modern Hindu eclecticism? At the outset of this undertaking, I made Agehananda Bharati the foil with which to raise these problems. I questioned the presuppositions of scientific rationality and confident historicism that he brought to bear on the apologetic strategies of Renaissance Hinduism. I called into question his posture as the scholar who knew better than to be taken in by what he viewed as a species of sloppy thinking unsupported by the higher traditions of Sanskritic or Brahmanical Hinduism.
Primary Care and its Relationship to Health
Authors: Starfield Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are two main goals for any health services system. The first is to optimize the health of the population by employing the most advanced state of knowledge about the causation of disease, illness management, and health maximization. The second and equally important goal is to minimize the disparities across population subgroups so that certain groups are not at a systematic disadvantage with regard to their access to health services and achievement of optimal health.
Primary Care, Subspecialists, and Non-Physician Practitioners
Authors: Starfield Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since antiquity, the physician has been the officially sanctioned practitioner of medicine, with other types of practitioners assisting or complementing the physician’s role in providing health services. Where physicians were (or still are) in short supply, practitioners such as nurses or medical auxiliaries substituted for physicians. Experimentation with augmented primary care roles for these other practitioners was provided impetus by the “barefoot doctor” movement in China after the 1949 revolution and by the training of nurse practitioners and “physician assistants” in the United States starting in the 1960s and 1970s.
Patient Lists and Patient-Focused Care Over Time
Authors: Starfield Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Longitudinality is not a word that appears in any dictionary. It is derived from longitudinal, which is defined as “dealing with the growth and change of individuals or groups over a period of years.’’ Although the word continuity is usually used instead of longitudinality, the latter conveys the spirit better than the former. Longitudinality, in the context of primary care, is a long-term personal relationship between practitioners and the patients in their practice. Continuity is not necessary for this relationship to be present; interruptions in the continuity of care for whatever reason need not disrupt this relationship. Therefore, the term “longitudinality,” coined by Alpert and Charney in 1974, provides a much better sense of the characteristic that is a critical part of primary care.
Practitioner-Patient Interactions
Authors: Starfield Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dr. K. practices medicine on the lower east side of Manhattan. He says, “Many times patients will come in and give all sorts of exotic stories until they are brave enough to tell you the real reason they are here. Yesterday a patient came in and told me about aches and pains and headaches and problems in all parts of her body and she was sure it wasn’t the flu and that there was something wrong with her and she didn’t know what it was. I examined her but I couldn’t find anything abnormal. So I kept encouraging her to just talk to me about what she was feeling. I noted an anxious look on her face and I watched her. Finally she broke down and said “Listen, I’ve been taking drugs.’’
Comprehensiveness of Care: Who Should Provide What
Authors: Starfield Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alisa is a 4-year-old child whose growth and development have been normal. For the past year, however, she has had acute otitis media that never seems to clear despite apparently adequate antibiotic therapy. Several doctor’s appointments have not been kept, and her mother does not call to cancel or re-schedule them. At a monthly case conference, the situation was discussed and a decision was made to have Dr. S. make a home visit.
Information Systems for Primary Care
Authors: Starfield Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Medical records have always been important in the care of patients. Information systems are an extension of medical records to serve not only individual patient needs but also population needs for primary care services (as well as for other levels of health care). This chapter first deals with the traditional uses of medical records for clinical care and with the changes that have been made to make them more useful. The discussion then turns to computerization and its potential for enhancing not only clinical care but also planning, delivering services, evaluation of services for populations, and the knowledge base on which progress in health services delivery rests. Although the importance of medical records and information systems transcends primary care, the focus of this chapter is on issues of special relevance to primary care because primary care practitioners are the coordinators of care and therefore the main repository of information about patients.
A Stitch In Time
Authors: Abernathy Frederick H , Dunlop John T , Hammond Janice H , Weil David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The textile and fashion industries have forever been at the mercy of rapidly changing styles and fickle customers who want the latest designs while they are still fashionable. The result for these businesses, often forced to forecast sales and deal with suppliers based on volatile demand, is a history of stock shortages, or costly markdowns. But, as the authors disclose in A Stitch in Time, technological advances that began in the 1980s introduced a new concept in retailing—lean retailing. Pioneered by entrepreneurs such as Sam Walton and WAL-MART and made possible by new information technologies for tracking sales data, lean retailing has enabled apparel producers to reorganize the manner in which they related to retail customers, undertook distribution, forecasted and planned production, and managed supplier relations. In an industry that typically suffered from great delays from warehouse to rack, sales data was now captured at the retailer’s checkout through bar coding and immediately transmitted back to distributors, manufacturers, designers, and even to the textile mills that weave the cloth. Armed with up-to-the-minute data about colors, sizes, and geographic sales, everyone in the chain was able to reduce cost, increase efficiency, and keep the customer in style like never before. And today, the broad changes introduced in the apparal industry by lean retailing are rippling through a growing segment of the American economy. A richly detailed and resonant account, A Stitch in Time brilliantly captures both the history and the future of the fashion industry as it offers executives a new paradigm for understanding the challenges of retailing and manufacturing in all segments of our rapidly transforming economy.
Introduction
Authors: Rojstaczer Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is the second week of August 1990. The U.S. government is determining how to respond to Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait. On a less serious front, the Oakland Athletics, my beloved A’s, are comfortably in first place in the American League Western Division and are playing with confidence. But I am far from Oakland, having just arrived at the airport of my new address, Durham, North Carolina, where I have taken a position as a not-so-young assistant professor of geology at Duke University. I have been here twice before, once for my job interview and the second time to buy a house with my family. School will start in a week, my wife and six year-old daughter will arrive in a few days from my in-laws’ house in Chicago, and students, mostly from Duke, are filling the airport on the way to their dormitories. For me, having lived in much larger cities almost all of my life, the airport seems like a miniature version of the real thing.
Grants or Goodbye
Authors: Rojstaczer Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was driving from Durham, North Carolina, to Washington, D.C. It was a drive of 260 miles or so through the pine forests of North Carolina and Virginia on interstate highways. I had made this drive once before with my family to visit my wife’s cousin. Back then, we followed the speed limit and stopped for lunch along the way. All told it was a five and a half hour drive.
The Fifty Percent Solution
Authors: Rojstaczer Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was seated in an audience that consisted almost entirely of women, most of whom were graduate students in the sciences. The topic of the lecture, “Paths to Success, Women as Science Professors,” only mildly interested me, but a friend of mine convinced me to attend. The crowd was fairly large for an end of the week seminar. The lecturer was a female faculty member from another prominent university. She was short and slight of build, energetic and upbeat. She spent the first part of her lecture recounting her own considerable successes. A full professor in her early fifties, she was a part of the very small contingent of female professors who began their careers in the heyday of the Colden Age. She was proud that she had balanced both career and family successfully. Her two children had grown up to be successful in their own right. When she was a young mother and untenured faculty member, she did not have the time to spend the same number of hours performing research as her colleagues. But this, she insisted, did not put her at a disadvantage. During her tenure evaluation, her tenured colleagues noted that she had managed to make extremely efficient use of her time. “It’s not the number of hours that you work, it’s what you do with your hours that counts,” she said.
Attention in Early Scientific Psychology
Authors: Hatfield Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Attention is a salient feature of human mentality, at least in its conscious manifestations. Yet attention became a central topic in psychology only recently by comparison with such areas as sensory perception, imagination, or memory. Descriptions of the chief characteristics of attention were built up from classical antiquity to the seventeenth century. But attention first became a chapter heading in standard psychology textbooks during the 1730s. This chronology has an air of paradox about it because it dates the entrance of attention into psychology prior to the commonly accepted dates for the origin of psychology itself. The origin of natural scientific psychology is now typically dated to 1879, or to sometime in the two preceding decades. This dating reflects a certain perspective on “natural scientific psychology” that equates it with the experimental psychology of Wundt and Titchener. If one takes a broader perspective, permit ting the definitions of the terms “natural science” and “psychology” to vary across the historical past (according to their interpretation by past thinkers), then natural scientific psychology has a much longer history than is suggested by Ebbinghaus’ s celebrated phrase contrasting a “short history” with a “long past” (1908, p. 1).
Inattentional Blindness: Perception without Attention
Authors: Mack Arien , Rock Irvin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes a body of research done over the last five years in both the perception laboratory at the New School for Social Re search in New York and in Irvin Rock’ s laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. The majority of the research to be described here concerns a phenomenon we have named Inattentional Blindness (IB), which literally forced itself on our attention while we were studying perception under conditions of inattention. We begin by briefly summarizing some of the research that caused us to pay attention to 1B in the first place. This research project began as an attempt to determine: (1) whether grouping by Gestalt principles of organization occurred without attention, which most investigators have assumed to be the case (e.g., Treisman, 1982), and (2) whether the features which others have found to pop out when searched for in otherwise homogeneous arrays also were perceived under conditions of inattention. Because pop-out has been taken as an indicator of preattentive processing (e.g., Treisman & Gelade, 1980), we conjectured that most people, if asked, would assume that these features, too, would be perceived without attention.
Visual Indexes in Spatial Vision and Imagery
Authors: Pylyshyn Zenon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a truism that the visual system does some things in parallel and some things serially. The eye moves in rapid saccades several times each second. The centre of the fovea is the centre of our gaze and provides a focus of attention. In addition, attention can also move independently of eye movements. Many people (e.g., Posner, 1980) have shown that a region of most efficient processing can be scanned across the visual field at about 100 degrees/ second when the eye is fixated (published estimates run from 30 to 250 deg/ sec). Much research has been done on this “covert attention movement.” The assumption has generally been made that such focal attention is confined to a contiguous region, possibly expandable in size, that must be scanned over the display from place to place.
Attention in Saccades
Authors: Fischer Burkhart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the last 30 years, neurophysiologists and psychologists have shown close interest in visual functions related to brain processes that contribute to visually guided saccades accompanying natural vision. While work with human observers allows only indirect conclusions, recording from single cells in the visuomotor structures of monkeys performing several fixation and saccade tasks gives more direct insight into processes preceding the beginning of a saccade. One of these pre saccadic processes is attention de-allocation and/ or attention alloction. Because the experimental results reported in this chapter are closely related to the early findings in trained monkeys, and because the express saccade was first discovered in the monkey (Fischer & Boch, 1983), the relevant main results of this earlier research are briefly de scribed and discussed in this chapter.
The Attentional Blink: The Eyes Have It (But So Does the Brain)
Authors: Shapiro Kimron , Terry Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Attention is a highly functional property of the brain, whereby limited cognitive resources can be directed to facilitate the processing of briefly presented sensory information by limiting processing of other information competing for the same resources. For example, attentional mechanisms can facilitate rapid detection of a target by allowing the brain to monitor a particular region of visual space (Posner, Snyder, & Davidson, 1980). In a second example, pointing to a different functional property of attention, attentional mechanisms can be required to decide if a specified target is present among a number of nontarget distractors (Treisman & Gormican, 1988).
Attentional Effects in Visual Search: Relating Search Accuracy and Search Time
Authors: Palmer John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, I will describe a program of research that distinguishes among the leading theories of divided attention. Divided attention has often been studied using set-size effects in visual search. A typical search task is illustrated in Figure 1. In both panels the task is to search for the target disk which has a higher luminance than the distractor disks. The subject is to respond “yes” when the higher luminance disk is present and “no” when it is absent. The target is present in both of the panels of Figure 1. The panels differ in the number of disks present: the panel on the left has a set size of 2, and the panel on the right has a larger set size. Increasing set size usually decreases performance. These set size effects have been measured both in accuracy paradigms that use brief displays to prevent multiple eye fixations and in response time paradigms that allow extended inspection of the display with multiple eye fixations. Such set-size effects are of interest because different theories of attention predict set-size effects of different magnitudes.
A blueprint for jewish survival
Authors: Susser Bernard , Liebman Charles S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is not, of course, physical survival to which the chapter heading refers. Jewish physical survival in the United States seems assured. Our concern is with the survival of a community possessing recognizable Jewish cultural attributes. The loaded, question-begging term in this formulation is “recognizable.” At what point do transformations and adaptations-natural life-sustaining processes undergone by all communities-so alter the basic structure and character of the Jewish cultural idiom that it becomes forced and trivial to speak of it as nonetheless “Jewish”? Any such proposed line of demarcation is, inevitably, somewhat arbitrary and conventional. Still, despite the difficulty and interpretive latitude involved in proposing such criteria, it is an inescapable part of our project. We cannot, after all, discuss the prospect for Jewish survival in America unless we first determine what counts as survival.
Intellectual Autobiography An Interview
Authors: Sadri Mahmoud Sadri Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sadri: I would like to ask you for an account of your intellectual development. I am certainly interested in whether you distinguish any turning points, watersheds, or distinct periods in the evolution of your thought. Soroush: In the name of God the compassionate, the merciful, thank you for giving me this opportunity. Let me first offer a sketchy account of my life. We can then talk about anything you feel needs further clarification. I was born in 1945. My childhood years went by rather uneventfully.
The Idea of Democratic Religious Government
Authors: Sadri Mahmoud Sadri Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern science explains the world as if it were not created by a god, not denying his existence, but rather finding no need to postulate it. In other words, it is assumed that even if there were a god, science would nonetheless be able to explain the world without relying on his existence. Nowadays science seems to have left its imprint on the behavior of the individual and the conduct of government as well. In the political culture of liberal secular societies, governments and individuals act as if there is no god, proceeding in utter indifference to His existence or nonexistence, never weighing His approval or disapproval of their policies and behavior. Political struggles and deliberations are designed to satisfy human beings alone.
Let Us Leam from History
Authors: Sadri Mahmoud Sadri Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Is it possible to learn from history? This question reminds us of the idea of historical laws and the attempts made to falsify or verify them. It may also prompt us to think of efforts made to arrive at generalizable laws that use history’s lessons to guide current and future practices to help us seek beneficial results and avoid harmful ones. There is no denying the legitimacy of such an approach: The school of history does instruct, yet it must be emphasized that the above lessons are not the only ones to be discovered there. There are two other lessons that can be learned from history, lessons that are in no way less valuable than the usual feeble deductions and predictions.
Let us recall how Aristotle and Descartes scorned the science of history, one ranking it below poetry and the other regarding it as indelibly tarnished by the fibs and fantasies of historians. Let us also recall that logicians did not deem history-along with geography, geology, and to some extent astronomy, which imparted the knowledge of particulars-as deserving of the name of “science,” a title they reserved only for adducing general statements. Until recently history had no respectable status among the scholarly circles because it was deemed incapable of being taught or learned. Some were genuinely astonished by the appointment of Allameh Mohammad Ghazvini to the chair of history at the faculty.
Ideals and Ruins: Pausanias, Longinus, and the Second Sophistic
Authors: Porter James I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter sets out to explore affinities of mind and attitude between two Greek authors from the Roman Imperial period: Pausanias (fl. A.D. 170) and pseudo-Longinus (henceforth “Longinus”), author of On the Sublime (Ilrpl ihpm). The juxtaposition of these two writers may at first glance seem unlikely. The riddle of the latter’s precise dates and name aside. what might an antiquarian and a literary critic have in common? And yet their very location as Greeks in a Roman world. each gazing longingly upon a distant past. that of Classical Greece. makes the comparison irresistible. Both authors practice a fonn of travel (in the first instance) through time, and they seek out monuments as their landmarks. Longinus tours the literary remains of his heritage in much the san1e way as Pausanias collects a material record of the pastitsmonumental, historical, mythological, and religious remains-in an attempt to hold that record together in his imagination. Each in his o\Vl1 way writes a guidebook to the great monuments of Greece. In doing so, they share and exhibit a cultural imaginary that is typical of Greek writers in the Imperial period who are conventionally grouped together under the rubric of the “Second Sophistic.”