bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does virtual consultation between primary and specialised care improve healthcare quality? A scoping review of healthcare quality domains assessment
Authors: Marco-Ibáñez Almudena , Aguilar-Palacio Isabel , Aibar Carlos 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundVirtual consultation has been proposed as a promising tool to improve the coordination and quality of healthcare between primary and specialised care. However, despite its potential facilitators, the evidence on the usefulness of virtual consultation for improving healthcare quality domains is fragmented and unclear. This scoping review aims to assess the impact of virtual consultation on different healthcare quality domains.Material and methodsWe conducted a scoping review with a rigorous search strategy on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles, reviews, meta-analyses or letters to the editor, published between 1 January 2017 and 24 June 2022, and available in English, Spanish or French. For each of the articles selected, we identified the addressed healthcare quality domains, their facilitators and barriers, areas of improvement and data gaps. We have adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review reporting standards.Results1284 manuscripts were retrieved. Finally, 235 papers were included in this review, most of which were original, descriptive studies. The most evaluated quality domain was effectiveness (223 articles). Safety and patient-centred care were the least evaluated. Simultaneous assessment of more than one domain was observed in 117 papers, being effectiveness and timeliness the most frequent combination. Our analysis revealed that virtual consultation is in development and underused. This tool has the potential to improve access to specialised care and enhance coordination between professionals.ConclusionsVirtual consultation has the potential to provide effective, efficient, equitable and timely attention. However, its contribution to safety and patient-centered care needs further evaluation. Our review emphasises the need for more rigorous research and standardised quality assessment criteria to obtain robust evidence on the usefulness of virtual consultation for improving healthcare quality domains.
Association of COVID-19 with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children aged 0–5 years in the USA in 2022: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Lindsey , Davis Pamela B , Berger Nathan , Kaelber David C , Volkow Nora , Xu Rong 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate whether COVID-19 infection was associated with increased risk for incident respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and associated diseases among young children that might have contributed to the 2022 surge of severe paediatric RSV cases in the USA.DesignThis is a retrospective population-based cohort study. Five outcomes were examined, including overall RSV infection, positive lab test-confirmed RSV infection, clinically diagnosed RSV diseases, RSV-associated bronchiolitis and unspecified bronchiolitis. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI of the outcomes that occurred during the 2022 and 2021 RSV seasons were calculated by comparing propensity-score matched cohorts.SettingNationwide multicentre database of electronic health records (EHRs) of 61.4 million patients in the USA including 1.7 million children 0–5 years of age, which was accessed through TriNetX Analytics that provides web-based and secure access to patient EHR data from hospitals, primary care and specialty treatment providers.ParticipantsThe study population consisted of 228 940 children of 0–5 years with no prior RSV infection who had medical encounters in October 2022. Findings were replicated in a separate study population of 370 919 children of 0–5 years with no prior RSV infection who had medical encounters in July 2021–August 2021 during a non-overlapping time period.ResultsFor the 2022 study population (average age 2.4 years, 46.8% girls, 61% white, 16% black), the risk for incident RSV infection during October 2022–December 2022 was 6.40% for children with prior COVID-19 infection, higher than 4.30% for the matched children without COVID-19 (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.55); and among children aged 0–1 year, the overall risk was 7.90% for those with prior COVID-19 infection, higher than 5.64% for matched children without (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.62). For the 2021 study population (average age 2.2 years, 46% girls, 57% white, 20% black), the risk for incident RSV infection during July 2021–December 2021 was 4.85% for children with prior COVID-19 infection, higher than 3.68% for the matched children without COVID-19 (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.56); and 7.30% for children aged 0–1 year with prior COVID-19 infection, higher than 4.98% for matched children without (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.82).ConclusionCOVID-19 was associated with a significantly increased risk for RSV infections among children aged 0–5 years in 2022. Similar findings were replicated for a study population of children aged 0–5 years in 2021. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 contributed to the 2022 surge of RSV cases in young children through the large buildup of COVID-19-infected children and the potential long-term adverse effects of COVID-19 on the immune and respiratory system.
Alzheimer’s disease marker phospho-tau181 is not elevated in the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI
Authors: Graham Neil , Zimmerman Karl , Heslegrave Amanda J , Keshavan Ashvini , Moro Federico , Abed-Maillard Samia , Bernini Adriano , Dunet Vincent , Garbero Elena , Nattino Giovanni , Chieregato Arturo , Fainardi Enrico , Baciu Camelia , Gradisek Primoz , Magnoni Sandra , Oddo Mauro , Bertolini Guido , Schott Jonathan M , Zetterberg Henrik , Sharp David 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the tauopathies Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Advanced immunoassays show significant elevations in plasma total tau (t-tau) early post-TBI, but concentrations subsequently normalise rapidly. Tau phosphorylated at serine-181 (p-tau181) is a well-validated Alzheimer’s disease marker that could potentially seed progressive neurodegeneration. We tested whether post-traumatic p-tau181 concentrations are elevated and relate to progressive brain atrophy.MethodsPlasma p-tau181 and other post-traumatic biomarkers, including total-tau (t-tau), neurofilament light (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were assessed after moderate-to-severe TBI in the BIO-AX-TBI cohort (first sample mean 2.7 days, second sample within 10 days, then 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months, n=42). Brain atrophy rates were assessed in aligned serial MRI (n=40). Concentrations were compared patients with and without Alzheimer’s disease, with healthy controls.ResultsPlasma p-tau181 concentrations were significantly raised in patients with Alzheimer’s disease but not after TBI, where concentrations were non-elevated, and remained stable over one year. P-tau181 after TBI was not predictive of brain atrophy rates in either grey or white matter. In contrast, substantial trauma-associated elevations in t-tau, NfL, GFAP and UCH-L1 were seen, with concentrations of NfL and t-tau predictive of brain atrophy rates.ConclusionsPlasma p-tau181 is not significantly elevated during the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI and levels do not relate to neuroimaging measures of neurodegeneration.
Multi-bit quantum random number generator from path-entangled single photons
Authors: Shafi K. Muhammed , Chawla Prateek , Hegde Abhaya S. , Gayatri R. S. , Padhye A. , Chandrashekar C. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMeasurement outcomes on quantum systems exhibit inherent randomness and are fundamentally nondeterministic. This has enabled quantum physics to set new standards for the generation of true randomness with significant applications in the fields of cryptography, statistical simulations, and modeling of the nondeterministic behavior in various other fields. In this work, we present a scheme for the generation of multi-bit random numbers using path-entangled single photons. For the experimental demonstration, we generate a path-entangled state using single photons from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) and assign a multi-qubit state for them in path basis. One-bit and two-bit random numbers are then generated by measuring entangled states in the path basis. In addition to passing the NIST tests for randomness, we also demonstrate the certification of quantumness and self-certification of quantum random number generator (QRNG) using Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt (CHSH) inequality violation. We also record the significantly low autocorrelation coefficient from the raw bits generated and this along with CHSH violation rules out multi-photon events and ensure the protection from photon splitting attack. Distribution of photons along multiple paths resulting in multiple bits from one photon extends the limit on bit generation rate imposed by the detection dead time of the individual detector. Thus, the path-entangled states can generate higher bitrates compared to scheme using entangled photon pair which are limited by the coincidence counts. We demonstrate this by generating a high rate of about 80 Mbps when the single photon detector saturates at around 28 Mcps and still show violation of CHSH inequality.
Phase transition behaviors of Al nanoparticles with low oxidation degree: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Liu Yi , Xu Jiangtao , Liu Pingan 
Published: October 2023

In this study, the ReaxFF reactive force field is applied to simulate the melting and annealing behaviors of aluminum (Al) nanoparticles (ANP) by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Potential energy, specific heat and FCC lattice number are used to study the thermal behavior of the entire phase transition process. First, the melting and solidification process of 3[Formula: see text]nm cubic Al and Al2O3 models under constant-pressure/temperature ensemble (NPT) system was simulated without boundary, and the steady-state simulation was discussed at specific temperature points. The non-boundary simulation proved the effectiveness of the Reaxff reactive force field for ANP phase transition simulations. It is confirmed that the physical properties of Al and Al2O3 could be effectively reflected in the MD simulations. ANP with low oxidation degree cannot be completely ignored in engineering applications. The existence of oxide layer hinders the annealing behavior. Therefore, this study also carried out an additional simulation process of 6 nm ANP and its oxide particles in canonical ensemble (NVT). Those obtained results show that a small amount of oxide layer can greatly change the thermal properties of ANP. If the surface of ANP is isolated, then its melting point could be increased by at least 30[Formula: see text]K.
Asymptomatic Patients With Brugada ECG Pattern: Long-Term Prognosis From a Large Prospective Study
Authors: Gaita Fiorenzo , Cerrato Natascia , Giustetto Carla , Martino Annamaria , Bergamasco Laura , Millesimo Michele , Barbonaglia Lorella , Carvalho Paula , Caponi Domenico , Saglietto Andrea , Bonacchi Giacomo , Bianchi Francesca , Silvetti Elisa , Crescenzi Cinzia , Canestrelli Stefano , De Maio Melissa , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Musumeci Giuseppe , Rametta Francesco , Scaglione Marco , Calò Leonardo 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Brugada syndrome poses significant challenges in terms of risk stratification and management, particularly for asymptomatic patients who comprise the majority of individuals exhibiting Brugada ECG pattern (BrECG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term prognosis of a large cohort of asymptomatic patients with BrECG.

METHODS:
Asymptomatic patients with BrECG (1149) were consecutively collected from 2 Italian centers and followed-up at least annually for 2 to 22 years. For the 539 asymptomatic patients (men, 433 [80%]; mean age, 46±13 years) with spontaneous type 1 documented on baseline ECG (87%) or 12-lead 24-hour Holter monitoring (13%), an electrophysiologic study (EPS) was proposed; for the 610 patients with drug-induced–only type 1 (men, 420 [69%]; mean age, 44±14 years), multiple ECGs and 12-lead Holter were advised in order to detect the occurrence of a spontaneous type-1 BrECG. Arrhythmic events were defined as sudden death or documented ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia.

RESULTS:

Median follow-up was 6 (4–9) years. Seventeen (1.5%) arrhythmic events occurred in the overall asymptomatic population (corresponding to an event-rate of 0.2% per year), including 16 of 539 (0.4% per year) in patients with spontaneous type-1 BrECG and 1 of 610 in those with drug-induced type-1 BrECG (0.03% per year;
P
<0.001). EPS was performed in 339 (63%) patients with spontaneous type-1 BrECG. Patients with spontaneous type-1 BrECG and positive EPS had significantly higher event rates than patients with negative EPS (7 of 103 [0.7% per year] versus 4 of 236 [0.2% per year];
P
=0.025). Among 200 patients who declined EPS, 5 events (0.4% per year) occurred. There was 1 device-related death.

CONCLUSIONS:
The entire population of asymptomatic patients with BrECG exhibits a relatively low event rate per year, which is important in view of the long life expectancy of these young patients. The presence of spontaneous type-1 BrECG associated with positive EPS identifies a subgroup at higher risk. Asymptomatic patients with drug-induced–only BrECG have a minimal arrhythmic risk, but ongoing follow-up with 12-lead Holter monitoring is recommended to detect the appearance of spontaneous type-1 BrECG pattern.
Geographical Requirements for the Applicability of the Results of the RACECAT Study to Other Stroke Networks
Authors: Schuler Florian A. F. , Ribó Marc , Dequatre‐Ponchelle Nelly , Rémi Jan , Dobrocky Tomas , Goeldlin Martina B. , Gralla Jan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Meinel Thomas R. , Mordasini Pasquale , Seiffge David J. , Fischer Urs , Arnold Marcel , Kägi Georg , Jung Simon 
Published: October 2023

Background
The RACECAT (Transfer to the Closest Local Stroke Center vs Direct Transfer to Endovascular Stroke Center of Acute Stroke Patients With Suspected Large Vessel Occlusion in the Catalan Territory) trial was the first randomized trial addressing the prehospital triage of acute stroke patients based on the distribution of thrombolysis centers and intervention centers in Catalonia, Spain. The study compared the drip‐and‐ship with the mothership paradigm in regions where a local thrombolysis center can be reached faster than the nearest intervention center (equipoise region). The present study aims to determine the population‐based applicability of the results of the RACECAT study to 4 stroke networks with a different degree of clustering of the intervention centers (clustered, dispersed).

Methods and Results
Stroke networks were compared with regard to transport time saved for thrombolysis (under the drip‐and‐ship approach) and transport time saved for endovascular therapy (under the mothership approach). Population‐based transport times were modeled with a local instance of an openrouteservice server using open data from OpenStreetMap.The fraction of the population in the equipoise region differed substantially between clustered networks (Catalonia, 63.4%; France North, 87.7%) and dispersed networks (Southwest Bavaria, 40.1%; Switzerland, 40.0%). Transport time savings for thrombolysis under the drip‐and‐ship approach were more marked in clustered networks (Catalonia, 29 minutes; France North, 27 minutes) than in dispersed networks (Southwest Bavaria and Switzerland, both 18 minutes).

Conclusions
Infrastructure differences between stroke networks may hamper the applicability of the results of the RACECAT study to other stroke networks with a different distribution of intervention centers. Stroke networks should assess the population densities and hospital type/distribution in the temporal domain before applying prehospital triage algorithms to their specific setting.
The Relationship Between Autonomic Dysfunction and Mood Symptoms in De Novo Parkinson’s Disease Patients Over Time
Authors: Ratajska Adrianna M. , Etheridge Connor B. , Lopez Francesca V. , Kenney Lauren E. , Rodriguez Katie , Schade Rachel N. , Gertler Joshua , Bowers Dawn 
Published: October 2023

Background Autonomic dysfunction is prevalent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can worsen quality of life. We examined: (a) whether specific autonomic symptoms were more strongly associated with anxiety or depression in PD and (b) whether overall autonomic dysfunction predicted mood trajectories over a 5-year period. Methods Newly diagnosed individuals with PD ( N = 414) from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and autonomic symptoms annually. Cross-sectional linear regressions examined relationships between specific autonomic subdomains (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, etc.) and mood. Multilevel modeling examined longitudinal relationships with total autonomic load. Results Gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with both higher anxiety ( b = 1.04, 95% CI [.55, 1.53], P < .001) and depression ( b = .24, 95% CI [.11, .37], P = .012), as were thermoregulatory symptoms (anxiety: b = 1.06, 95% CI [.46, 1.65], P = .004; depression: b = .25, 95% CI [.09, .42], P = .013), while cardiovascular ( b = .36, 95% CI [.10, .62], P = .012) and urinary symptoms ( b = .10, 95% CI [.01, .20], P = .037) were associated only with depression. Longitudinally, higher total autonomic load was associated with increases in both depression ( b = .01, 95% CI [.00, .02], P = .015) and anxiety ( b = .04, 95% CI [.01, .06], P < .001) over time, as well as occasion-to-occasion fluctuations (depression: b = .08, 95% CI [.05, .10], P < .001; anxiety: b = .24, 95% CI [.15, .32], P < .001). Conclusion Findings suggest autonomic dysfunction, particularly gastrointestinal and thermoregulatory symptoms, may be an indicator for elevated anxiety/depression and a potential treatment target early on in PD.
Perceptions of Competition-Based Learning After a Brief Experience at a National Surgical Meeting
Authors: Ruggiero Nicco , L’Huillier Joseph C. , Marine Nigel , Burns Owen , Mawani Farrah , Sanders L. T. Muavé , Abbas Adam , Adams Timothy M. , Santos Byron F. , Wirengard Yana R. , Rosser James “Butch” 
Published: October 2023

Background Competition-based learning (CBL) facilitates learning through competitions. At the 2022 & 2023 Annual SAGES meetings, we evaluated a CBL experience (TOP GUN Shootout) developed from a modified version of the previously validated TOP GUN Laparoscopic Skills and Suturing Program. The project sought to evaluate the TOP GUN Shootout’s (TGS) ability to enhance participant engagement in pursuit of laparoscopic surgical skills. Methods Participants competed in the TGS. Their scores (time and errors) were recorded for: Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Peg Pass, Cup Drop Task, and Intracorporeal Suturing. All participants completed a 10-question satisfaction survey on a 7-point Likert scale, with questions assessing 3 domains: (1) capability/confidence in MIS skill performance prior to the competition; (2) applicability and satisfaction with TGS’s capacity to develop MIS skills; and (3) interest in seeking additional MIS training and appropriateness of CBL in MIS training. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate these areas. Results Overall, 121 participants completed the TGS, of whom 84 (69%) completed the satisfaction survey. The average age was 32.9 years, 67% were males. On average (+/− SD), participant satisfaction was 5.04 (+/− 2.08) for Domain 1, 6.20 (+/− 1.28) for Domain 2, and 6.58 (+/− .95) for Domain 3. Conclusion Participants described an overall lack of confidence in their MIS skills prior to the 2022-2023 Annual SAGES conference. Participants felt that this brief CBL experience, aided in the development of their MIS skills. Furthermore, this brief CBL experience may inspire learners to seek out further training of their MIS skills.
HI-MViT: A lightweight model for explainable skin disease classification based on modified MobileViT
Authors: Ding Yuhan , Yi Zhenglin , Li Mengjuan , long Jianhong , Lei Shaorong , Guo Yu , Fan Pengju , Zuo Chenchen , Wang Yongjie 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo develop an explainable lightweight skin disease high-precision classification model that can be deployed to the mobile terminal.MethodsIn this study, we present HI-MViT, a lightweight network for explainable skin disease classification based on Modified MobileViT. HI-MViT is mainly composed of ordinary convolution, Improved-MV2, MobileViT block, global pooling, and fully connected layers. Improved-MV2 uses the combination of shortcut and depth classifiable convolution to substantially decrease the amount of computation while ensuring the efficient implementation of information interaction and memory. The MobileViT block can efficiently encode local and global information. In addition, semantic feature dimensionality reduction visualization and class activation mapping visualization methods are used for HI-MViT to further understand the attention area of the model when learning skin lesion images.ResultsThe International Skin Imaging Collaboration has assembled and made available the ISIC series dataset. Experiments using the HI-MViT model on the ISIC-2018 dataset achieved scores of 0.931, 0.932, 0.961, and 0.977 on F1-Score, Accuracy, Average Precision (AP), and area under the curve (AUC). Compared with the top five algorithms of ISIC-2018 Task 3, Marco's average F1-Score, AP, and AUC have increased by 6.9%, 6.8%, and 0.8% compared with the suboptimal performance model. Compared with ConvNeXt, the most competitive convolutional neural network architecture, our model is 5.0%, 3.4%, 2.3%, and 2.2% higher in F1-Score, Accuracy, AP, and AUC, respectively. The experiments on the ISIC-2017 dataset also achieved excellent results, and all indicators were better than the top five algorithms of ISIC-2017 Task 3. Using the trained model to test on the PH2dataset, an excellent performance score is obtained, which shows that it has good generalization performance.ConclusionsThe skin disease classification model HI-MViT proposed in this article shows excellent classification performance and generalization performance in experiments. It demonstrates how the classification outcomes can be applied to dermatologists’ computer-assisted diagnostics, enabling medical professionals to classify various dermoscopic images more rapidly and reliably.