bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of regional metastasis after induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chua Daniel T. T. , Sham Jonathan S. T. , Wei William I. , Ho Wai Kuen , Au Gordon , Choy Damon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo study the impact of adding induction chemotherapy to radiotherapy on the long‐term control of regional metastasis and survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsBetween February 1988 and August 1993, 240 NPC patients with Ho's T3 stage, N2–3 stage, or nodal size ≥3 cm were recruited onto two randomized trials comparing induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (CT + RT) and radiotherapy alone (RT) using a similar treatment protocol. Of these, 210 patients (105 in each treatment arm) had cervical nodal metastasis and were included in the analysis. Patients in the CT + RT arm received two to three cycles of cisplatin, 60 mg/m2 day 1, + epirubicin, 110 mg/m2 day 1, followed by radiotherapy. Radiotherapy technique and dose were similar in both arms. The median follow‐up time was 71 months (range, 5–152 months).ResultsThe overall response rate of nodal disease to chemotherapy was 86%, and the complete response (CR) rate was 44%. At the end of radiotherapy, 92% of patients in the CT + RT arm and 86% in the RT arm achieved CR in the neck (p = .12). The 5‐year nodal relapse‐free survival rates in the CT + RT and RT arm were 83% and 75%, respectively (p = .13). Most neck failures (81%) occurred during the first 36 months of follow‐up. Radical neck dissection successfully salvaged 41% of neck failures in the CT + RT arm and 46% in the RT arm. The 5‐year distant metastases‐free survival rates were 70% in the CT + RT arm and 68% in the RT arm (p = .56), and the corresponding 5‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 66% and 68%, respectively (p = .55). In subgroup analysis, no significant differences in regional control and survival could be found in patients with Ho's N2–3 stage, AJCC N2–3 stage, or nodal size >6 cm.ConclusionsInduction chemotherapy does not seem to improve the regional control and survival in NPC patients with regional metastasis compared with radiotherapy alone and is not recommended as a routine treatment outside the context of a clinical trial. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 350–360, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10056
Powered instrumentation for transcervical removal of gigantic intrathoracic thyroid
Authors: Har‐El Gady , Sundaram Kris 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundIt is widely accepted that almost all intrathoracic goiters can be removed through the neck. For those rare gigantic goiters that cannot be removed transcervically, median sternotomy is usually recommended. During the last 11 years we used intracapsular volume reduction techniques to facilitate transcervical removal of extremely large intrathoracic goiters.Materials and MethodsOf 149 patients with intrathoracic goiters, 11 patients had gigantic lesions that could not be removed transcervically. Instead of sternotomy, we used the arthroscopic or sinus microdebrider or a large‐bore suction device for controlled intracapsular volume reduction. This was followed by complete removal of the gland through the neck.ResultsThe thyroid gland was removed completely in all 11 patients. None of the patients had any evidence of intraoperative spillage of thyroid tissue. No major complications were noted.ConclusionsWe have found the use of the microdebrider and/or suction device for intracapsular volume reduction to be extremely helpful for transcervical removal of gigantic intrathoracic goiters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 322–325, 2001.
Oral cysticercosis—report of six cases
Authors: Nigam Sonu , Singh Tejinder , Mishra Archana , Chaturvedi K. Uma 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundCysticercosis cellulosae rarely involves the oral region in humans.MethodsSix cases of oral cysticercosis were diagnosed, three each in lips and buccal mucosa. Diagnosis was made by characteristic gross and histopathologic appearances.ResultsOf 146 cases of cysticercosis, 6 (4.1%) were of the oral cavity. All 6 cases were initially seen with painless swellings. Clinical differential diagnosis ranged from retention cyst, lipoma, fibroma, neurofibroma, and angular stomatitis. Histopathologic examination revealed cysticercus larvae.ConclusionsThe oral cavity is a rare site of involvement by cysticercosis, even in an endemic area. Histopathologic findings of the excised cyst are diagnostic of the lesion. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 497–499, 2001.
Functional reconstruction of the lateral face after ablative tumor resection: Use of free muscle and musculocutaneous flaps
Authors: Maral Tugrul , Ozcan Gurhan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundWide resection of tumors of the middle third of the face often results in complex three‐dimensional defects and facial paralysis either due to removal of the facial nerve within the tumoral tissue or to extensive resection of the facial muscles.MethodsWe report the cases of three patients who underwent wide excision of tumors of the cheek region, operations that resulted in tissue defects and facial palsy. Defect reconstruction and facial reanimation was accomplished in one stage through functional muscle transplantation.ResultsFollow‐up of more than 1 year showed good symmetry at rest and reanimation of the corner of the mouth in all cases, but one patient, in which the ipsilateral facial main trunk was used as motor nerve supply to the transplanted muscle, developed significant muscle contracture and binding of the cheek skin.ConclusionsEvery effort should be made to optimize the functional and cosmetic outcomes of neurovascular muscle transfers through precise planning and careful execution of the intricate details of the surgical technique for muscle transplantation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 836–843, 2001.
Experimentarium as arena for common learning during change processes
Authors: Kofoed Lise Busk , Rosenørn Torben , Jensen Lars Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe initiating question guiding this study is how employee participation can be established during an organizational change process in order to improve the employees' involvement in the design of their future work environment. A case study in which an “experimentarium” (learning lab) was conducted in a medium‐size Danish company is presented. The case study demonstrates that it is feasible to generate employee participation in designing their future working environment in the experimentarium when careful attention is given to the influence of situational factors and the pedagogical methods utilized are chosen carefully to suit the various learning situations through the process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neonatal exposure to novelty enhances long‐term potentiation in CA1 of the rat hippocampus
Authors: Tang Akaysha C. , Zou Bende 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExposing rats to an enriched environment over an extended period of time has been shown to enhance hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP). Whether such prolonged exposure to environmental manipulation is necessary for LTP enhancement and whether the environmentally induced enhancement can persist long after the cessation of the environmental manipulation remain unknown. Using a novelty exposure procedure modified from the method of neonatal handling, we exposed neonatal rats to a non‐home environment for 3 min/day during the first 3 weeks of life. We examined the LTP of both population spikes and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), in vitro, in the CA1 of the hippocampus during adulthood (7–8 and 13–14 months of age). We found that both the LTP of population spikes and the LTP of EPSPs were enhanced among animals who experienced neonatal novelty exposure. These results demonstrate that effective environmental enhancement of LTP can be achieved by as brief and as transient a manipulation as a 3‐min/day exposure over the first 3 weeks of life. The resulting enhancement can outlast the environmental manipulation by at least 1 year. Hippocampus 2002;12:398–404. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial and temporal patterns of morphogenesis of hippocampal pyramidal cells: Study in the early postnatal rat
Authors: López‐Gallardo M. , Prada Carmen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral studies have dealt with the morphogenesis of the rat hippocampal pyramidal cell, but little is known about how the different pyramidal cell shapes of CA fields differentiate from neuroepithelial cells, or about how the field morphological identity emerges. From our studies of pyramidal cell shapes in the CA1, CA3, and CA4 fields of hippocampi at postnatal developmental stages between P0 and P12, using fresh semidissociated slices and acutely dissociated cells, we identified the sequence of cell shape transformation by which they differentiate from simple bipolar to complex shapes characteristic of adult pyramidal cells of CA1 and CA3. Pyramidal cell morphogenesis does not occur synchronously throughout the CA hippocampus fields, but cells in the CA4 field undergo morphological differentiation at earlier stages, prenatally, than CA3 cells, and these in turn earlier than CA1 cells. Thus, during the P1–P6 stages, a gradient of shapes from less to greater differentiation was clearly observed from CA1 to CA4 in a single slice. Furthermore, a mixture of cells at different degrees of differentiation is observed in CA1 from P1 to P10, and in CA3 from P1 to P5. A gradient of shapes from more to less differentiation was observed at stages P5–P6 from septal to temporal. We describe two processes in the pyramidal cell morphogenesis in the CA1 and CA3 fields, the approximation to the soma of the point of bifurcation of the main apical process, and the acquisition of triangular shape of the soma, showing by a quantitative study of both processes that they occur earlier in CA3 than in CA1. Our study, therefore, provides new insight into rat pyramidal cell morphogenesis, and indicates that this process might be differently regulated in the various CA fields. Hippocampus 2001;11:118–131. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural convective heat transfer in uniformly heated vertical pipe annuli
Authors: Takahashi Koki , Morikawa Takuya , Harada Yutaka , Hattori Naozo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNatural convective heat transfer in vertical concentric pipe annuli is investigated both numerically and experimentally for a fluid having a Prandtl number of 0.7. Numerical calculations for three cases of different heating conditions for pipes (heated inner pipe, heated outer pipe, both pipes heated) are made of laminar flows for different inner‐to‐outer‐pipe diameter ratios di/do from 0.2 to 0.8. For each case, the thermal entrance length x/b at the modified Grashof numbers Gr*=102 to 5 × 105 is well correlated with Grashof number Gr* and annulus length to clearance ratio L/b. Local Nusselt numbers Nui and Nuo in the thermally fully developed region have certain constant values dependent on the diameter ratio di/do, regardless of Gr* and L/b. Average Nusselt numbers Nui and Nuo in the thermal entrance region are also independent of Gr* and L/b. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(8): 676–688, 2001
Evaluation of tiapride in agitated elderly outpatients: an open study
Authors: Tsolaki M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of tiapride 50–100 mg administered 3 times a day to elderly patients with aggressive behavior. Data from 425 questionnaires concerning aggressive behavior in Greek elderly patients were evaluated before and after treatment. The Brief Agitation Rating Scale (BARS), which has 10 items, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of tiapride. To test the overall effectiveness of the drug during the trial, the statistical method of repeated measures ANOVA was applied to the total score and the very small F‐value (p < 0.0005) led us to accept the hypothesis that tiapride significantly improves the condition of elderly patients with aggressive behavior. Only 6.2% of patients developed an adverse event during the trial. With 95% probability one may state that the probability of an adverse event occurring during the administration of tiapride is between 5% and 7.4%. We conclude that tiapride, apart from being very efficient in ameliorating aggressive behavior in elderly patients, is also very safe to administer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zooplankton grazing dynamics: top‐down control of phytoplankton and its relationship to an estuarine habitat
Authors: Griffin Sandra L. , Rippingale Robert J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTop‐down control of algal blooms was investigated in the Swan–Canning Estuary, to determine whether the resident zooplankton community was able to substantially reduce phytoplankton biomass through grazing, or whether high phytoplankton biomass effectively inhibited grazing. In situ grazing by zooplankton at two depths in the water column was measured over a diel period on six occasions and examined in relation to the biotic and abiotic habitat conditions.Measured weight‐specific ingestion rates varied with phytoplankton and zooplankton species composition, but were significantly greater at the surface than at 5 m, close to the bottom (ranges of 1·59 to 252·41 and 0·51 to 28·99 µg phytoplankton C µg zooplankton C−1 day−1, respectively). There was no evidence of significant diel changes in ingestion rates of zooplankton. Phytoplankton biomass removed by in situ community grazing ranged between 0·9 and 45·0% of standing stock per hour. The maximum loss occurred when phytoplankton biomass ranged from 249·0 to 320·8 µg phytoplankton C l−1. Zooplankton grazing impact was negatively associated with high phytoplankton and low dissolved oxygen in bottom waters. The implications of, and mechanisms associated with, top‐down control of algal biomass in this estuary are discussed in relation to plankton succession and the physical environment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tikhonov regularization as a tool for assimilating soil moisture data in distributed hydrological models
Authors: van Loon E. E. , Troch P. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDischarge, water table depth, and soil moisture content have been observed at a high spatial and temporal resolution in a 44 ha catchment in Costa Rica over a period of 5 months. On the basis of the observations in the first 3 months (period A), two distinct soil moisture models are identified and calibrated: a linear stochastic time‐varying state‐space model, and a geo‐statistical model. Both models are defined at various spatial and temporal resolutions. For the subsequent period of 2 months (period B), four different ways to predict the soil moisture dynamics in the catchment are compared: (1) the application of the dynamic models in open‐loop form; (2) a re‐calibration of the dynamic models with soil moisture data in period B, and subsequent prediction in open‐loop form; (3) prediction with the geo‐statistical models, using the soil moisture data in period B; (4) prediction by combining the outcomes of (1) and (3) via generalized cross‐validation. The last method, which is a form of data assimilation, compares favourably with the three alternatives. Over a range of resolutions, the predictions by data assimilation have overall uncertainties that are approximately half that of the other prediction methods and have a favourable error structure (i.e. close to Gaussian) over space as well as time. In addition, data assimilation gives optimal predictions at finer resolutions compared with the other methods. Compared with prediction with the models in open‐loop form, both re‐calibration with soil moisture observations and data assimilation result in enhanced discharge predictions, whereas the prediction of ground water depths is not improved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinematic wave modelling in water resources: a historical perspective
Authors: Singh V. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe history of the kinematic wave theory and its applications in water resources are traced. It is shown that the theory has found its niche in water resources and its applications are so widespread that they may well constitute what may be termed ‘kinematic wave hydrology’. Few theories have been applied in hydrology and water resources as extensively as the kinematic wave theory. This theory, however, is not without limitations and when it is applied they must be so recognized. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Australian corporate rescue regime: bold experiment or sensible policy?
Authors: Anderson Colin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper takes its title from a paper given by the Honourable Justice Robert Austin, of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, to a conference on Key developments in Corporate Law and Equity in March 2001. In that speech he described Australia's corporate rescue regime as a “bold experiment”. This paper suggests that this is not a justified description and further that it is unlikely to end in the foreseeable future. The paper consists of a broad outline of how the system operates in Australia. It provides some commentary on the more significant features of the operation of Part 5.3A of the Corporations Law and considers suggestions that have been made in respect of reform of the legislation. The paper goes on to consider how the regime has been used since its introduction showing it is now the most widely used form of insolvency administration. The paper then examines briefly some of the attempts at evaluation of the regime. It concludes by suggesting that at this stage there is inadequate information to be conclusive as to the procedure's success or otherwise in fulfilling its aims of providing better returns to creditors. It is argued first, that the wide use of the procedure suggests that it is unlikely to be fundamentally altered in the near future. A further conclusion is that there is some soundness in the approach that the legislation takes in having less court control and a greater role played by the insolvency practitioner.
Cancer incidence in families with multiple glioma patients
Authors: Paunu Niina , Pukkala Eero , Laippala Pekka , Sankila Risto , Isola Jorma , Miettinen Helena , Simola Kalle O.J. , Helén Pauli , Helin Heikki , Haapasalo Hannu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwenty‐four Finnish families with 2 or more glioma patients were identified through questionnaires sent to 369 consecutive glioma patients receiving surgery at Tampere University Hospital during 1983–94. To explore whether unusual cancer susceptibility is involved, the cancer risk of 2,664 family members was estimated using population‐based data from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Among the total cohort of relatives, 88 cancers were observed during 1953–97. The overall cancer risk among 12 families with juvenile onset gliomas was significantly decreased (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4–0.9). Among 12 families with adult onset gliomas, the overall cancer risk was equal to that of the reference population (SIR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.8–1.4) whereas the risk of skin melanoma (SIR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.5–8.8) and meningioma (SIR 5.5, 95% CI: 1.1–16) were significantly increased. Several other tumors, including those associated with neurofibromatosis 1 and 2, tuberous sclerosis and Li‐Fraumeni and Turcot syndromes were surveyed, but no elevated risks were observed. In conclusion, the presence of meningiomas and skin melanomas in glioma families may indicate a novel association as a cancer susceptibility trait. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potentiating antitumor effects of a combination therapy with lovastatin and butyrate in the Lewis lung carcinoma model in mice
Authors: Giermasz Adam , Makowski Marcin , Kozłowska Ewa , Nowis Dominika , Maj Małgorzata , Jalili Ahmad , Feleszko Wojciech , Wójcik Cezary , Dąbrowska Anna , Jakóbisiak Marek , Gołąb Jakub 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLovastatin, the drug used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, has previously been reported to exert antitumor activity in experimental murine models. Butyrate and butyric acid derivatives are well known to induce differentiation and apoptosis of tumour cells and also have recently gained acceptance as potential anticancer agents. In this study, we examined the antitumor effects of the combination of lovastatin and butyrate or its prodrug tributyrin in vitro and in vivo against a murine Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). This combination therapy showed synergistic antitumor activity against 3LL cells in vitro. These effects were at least in part due to apoptosis induction that occurred after 12 hr of incubation with lovastatin and butyrate and was preceded by changes in cell cycle distribution of treated cells and expression of p21, p53 and cyclin D1. Remarkably, a systemic treatment of syngeneic mice inoculated with 3LL cells with both drugs resulted in significant tumour growth retardation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lysosomal proteases as potential targets for the induction of apoptotic cell death in human neuroblastomas
Authors: Castino Roberta , Pace Deborah , Démoz Marina , Gargiulo Marco , Ariatta Chiara , Raiteri Elisabetta , Isidoro Ciro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeuroblastoma is the most common type of cancer in infants. In children this tumor is particularly aggressive; despite various new therapeutic approaches, it is associated with poor prognosis. Given the importance of endosomal‐lysosomal proteolysis in cellular metabolism, we hypothesized that inhibition of lysosomal protease would impact negatively on neuroblastoma cell survival. Treatment with E‐64 or CA074Me (2 specific inhibitors of cathepsin B) or with pepstatin A (a specific inhibitor of cathepsin D) was cytotoxic for 2 neuroblastoma cell lines having different degrees of malignancy. Cell death was associated with condensation and fragmentation of chromatin and externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine, 2 hallmarks of apoptosis. Concomitant inhibition of the caspase cascade protected neuroblastoma cells from cathepsin inhibitor‐induced cytotoxicity. These data indicate that prolonged inhibition of the lysosomal proteolytic pathway is incompatible with cell survival, leading to apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells, and that the cathepsin‐mediated and caspase‐mediated proteolytic systems are connected and cooperate in the regulation of such an event. Since modern antitumor chemotherapy is aimed at restoring the normal rate of apoptosis in neoplastic tissues, the demonstration that endosomal‐lysosomal cathepsins are involved in this process may constitute a basis for novel strategies that include cathepsin inhibitors in the therapeutic regimen. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.