bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of variation of indoor radon levels in houses and prediction of indoor concentrations using house characteristics and outdoor radon levels
Authors: Narasimhamurthy Kesthur Naraseeyappa , Ashok Godekere Visweswaraiah , Raghu Ammannappa , Nagaiah Ningaiah , Shashikumar Thuruganur Siddaiah , Harish Venkatareddy , Shivaprasad Nambihally Gopalakrishna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The measurement of 222Rn concentrations in indoor and outdoor air was carried out in certain locations of Mandya city, Karnataka, using the Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD) technique. The annual mean values of 222Rn in indoor and outdoor are found to be 20.5 ± 1.4 and 9.0 ± 0.5 Bq m−3, respectively. The observed mean value of indoor radon concentration is found to be well within the world and the Indian average of 40 and 42 Bq m−3, respectively. Outdoor radon concentrations have been measured in the vicinity of houses where yearlong radon measurements carried out using the SSNTD technique. The seasonal variation in the outdoor radon was studied and the average concentrations during summer, rainy and winter are 9.1, 6.9 and 12.9 Bq m−3 respectively. Considering the possible factors such as house characteristics (Volume, Surface area of building material, Leakage area, etc.), indoor-outdoor temperature difference and outdoor radon concentration into account, the indoor radon levels were predicted using the existing model which is based on the mass balance equation. The results are systematically analysed and discussed. The predicted values are compared with the measured values.
Image reject analysis and rejection causes in digital radiography at a university hospital through estimates of patient doses
Authors: Calatayud-Jordán José , Campayo-Esteban Juan Manuel , Gras-Miralles Pilar , Villaescusa-Blanca Juan Ignacio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The introduction of digital radiography has improved image acquisition. However, rejection of images remains a matter of concern. Reject analysis is part of the quality assurance program in radiology and helps identify potential errors or lack of training. A retrospective study was conducted at the radiology department of a university hospital. The reject rate was calculated both using the number of examinations, $r_n$, and the dose-area product, $r_d$. A reject rate $r_n$ of 3.3% for paediatric units and 4.5% for adults was found. The corresponding values of rd were 4.4 and 8.4%, respectively. The main rejection cause was patient motion, being 50.2% of rejected examinations in adults and 63.7% in children. The contribution of exposure errors was minor, as expected in digital radiography units. A discrepancy between reject rates $r_n$ and $r_d$ was observed, suggesting dosimetric quantities could be considered in reject analysis for further assessment of patient radiation burden.
Parental emotionality is related to preschool children’s neural responses to emotional faces
Authors: Xia Ruohan , Heise Megan J , Bowman Lindsay C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The ability to accurately decode others’ facial expressions is essential for successful social interaction. Previous theories suggest that aspects of parental emotionality—the frequency, persistence and intensity of parents’ own emotions—can influence children’s emotion perception. Through a combination of mechanisms, parental emotionality may shape how children’s brains specialize to respond to emotional expressions, but empirical data are lacking. The present study provides a direct empirical test of the relation between the intensity, persistence and frequency of parents’ own emotions and children’s neural responses to perceiving emotional expressions. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as typically developing 3- to 5-year-old children (final Ns = 59 and 50) passively viewed faces expressing different emotional valences (happy, angry and fearful) at full and reduced intensity (100% intense expression and 40% intense expression). We examined relations between parental emotionality and children’s mean amplitude ERP N170 and negative central responses. The findings demonstrate a clear relation between parental emotionality and children’s neural responses (in the N170 mean amplitude and latency) to emotional expressions and suggest that parents may influence children’s emotion-processing neural circuitry.
Effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and rumen bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period
Authors: Treon Emily , Sidney Taylor , Taiwo Godstime , Idowu Modoluwamu , Leal Yarahy , Ologunagba Deborah , Ogunade Ibukun M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We examined the effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (221 ± 25.6 kg BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) were stratified by body weight (BW) into four pens (10 steers per pen) such that each pen had a similar average BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage basal diet (CON; n = 20) or the basal diet supplemented with 9 g/steer/d of PRO feed additive (PRO; n = 20). The PRO additive is a blend of S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, Lactobacillus animalis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The DMI and water consumed were monitored using the GrowSafe intake nodes and custom flow meters, respectively. BWs were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Before morning feeding, 10 mL of blood was taken from each steer on days 0–7, and thereafter weekly for analyses of immune cells, plasma glucose, and NEFAs. On day 56, rumen fluid samples (200 mL each) were collected from all the steers for microbiome analysis. Over the 56-d receiving period, the supplemental PRO had no effects on DMI, water intake, or ADG. However, compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental PRO tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.08) and BW (P = 0.07) during the first 14 d of the study. There was a treatment × day interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for WBC, neutrophils and monocytes over the 56 d such that beef steers fed supplemental PRO had lower blood concentrations on certain days during the first 7 d after weaning, indicating reduced inflammation or stress response. The results of the rumen microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of complex fiber degrading or obligate proton-reducing bacterial genera such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Desulfovibrio, Syntrophococcus, and Acetitomaculum were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental PRO compared to CON. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of PRO improved the growth performance, reduced stress or inflammatory response during the initial days after weaning, and altered the ruminal bacterial community toward increased relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with improved rumen function.
Synergetic association between coxsackievirus A16 genotype evolution and recombinant form shifts
Authors: Han Zhenzhi , Wang Fangming , Xiao Jinbo , Fu Hanhaoyu , Song Yang , Jiang Mingli , Lu Huanhuan , Li Jichen , Xu Yanpeng , Zhu Runan , Zhang Yong , Zhao Linqing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is a major pathogen that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). The recombination form (RF) shifts and global transmission dynamics of CVA16 remain unknown. In this retrospective study, global sequences of CVA16 were retrieved from the GenBank database and analyzed using comprehensive phylogenetic inference, RF surveys, and population structure. A total of 1,663 sequences were collected, forming a 442-sequences dataset for VP1 coding region analysis and a 345-sequences dataset for RF identification. Based on the VP1 coding region used for serotyping, three genotypes (A, B, and D), two subgenotypes of genotype B (B1 and B2), and three clusters of subgenotype B1 (B1a, B1b, and B1c) were identified. Cluster B1b has dominated the global epidemics, B2 disappeared in 2000, and D is an emerging genotype dating back to August 2002. Globally, four oscillation phases of CVA16 evolution, with a peak in 2013, and three migration pathways were identified. Europe, China, and Japan have served as the seeds for the global transmission of CVA16. Based on the 3D coding region of the RFs, five clusters of RFs (RF-A to -E) were identified. The shift in RFs from RF-B and RF-C to RF-D was accompanied by a change in genotype from B2 to B1a and B1c and then to B1b. In conclusion, the evolution and population dynamics of CVA16, especially the coevolution of 3D and VP1 genes, revealed that genotype evolution and RF replacement were synergistic rather than stochastic.
Computational host range prediction—The good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Howell Abigail A , Versoza Cyril J , Pfeifer Susanne P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance across the globe have prompted the usage of bacteriophages (i.e. viruses that infect bacteria) in a variety of applications ranging from agriculture to biotechnology and medicine. In order to effectively guide the application of bacteriophages in these multifaceted areas, information about their host ranges—that is the bacterial strains or species that a bacteriophage can successfully infect and kill—is essential. Utilizing sixteen broad-spectrum (polyvalent) bacteriophages with experimentally validated host ranges, we here benchmark the performance of eleven recently developed computational host range prediction tools that provide a promising and highly scalable supplement to traditional, but laborious, experimental procedures. We show that machine- and deep-learning approaches offer the highest levels of accuracy and precision—however, their predominant predictions at the species- or genus-level render them ill-suited for applications outside of an ecosystems metagenomics framework. In contrast, only moderate sensitivity (&lt;80 per cent) could be reached at the strain-level, albeit at low levels of precision (&lt;40 per cent). Taken together, these limitations demonstrate that there remains room for improvement in the active scientific field of in silico host prediction to combat the challenge of guiding experimental designs to identify the most promising bacteriophage candidates for any given application.
Karyotype stasis but species-specific repetitive DNA patterns in Anguis lizards (Squamata: Anguidae), in the evolutionary framework of Anguiformes
Authors: Altmanová Marie , Doležálková-Kaštánková Marie , Jablonski Daniel , Strachinis Ilias , Vergilov Vladislav , Vacheva Emiliya , Iannucci Alessio , Choleva Lukáš , Ráb Petr , Moravec Jiří , Gvoždík Václav 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Karyotype divergence may strongly affect the degree of hybridization between species. Western Palearctic slow worms (Anguis) are legless lizards forming different types of secondary contact zones. To identify the level of chromosomal variation in slow worms, we examined karyotype in multiple populations of all species except one and Pseudopus apodus as an outgroup. We applied conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods and whole-chromosome painting using macrochromosome probes from Varanus komodoensis to interpret results within the evolutionary framework of the common clade Anguiformes. All Anguis species and P. apodus have conserved karyotype structures composed of 44 chromosomes. Despite the conserved chromosome morphology, the phylogenetically oldest Anguis cephallonica living in partial sympatry with Anguis graeca, and parapatric Anguis colchica vs. Anguis fragilis exhibit distinct patterns of constitutive heterochromatin distribution and telomeric repeat accumulation. In contrast, the sister species A. colchica and A. graeca living in allopatry display highly similar karyotype features. Our findings thus indicate karyotype stasis in Anguis and Pseudopus for &gt; 20 Myr, with fixed species-specific differences present in sympatric and parapatric species. These differences in repetitive DNA patterns may play a role as intrinsic factors co-maintaining species divergence. They may also be used as cytotaxonomic markers to identify slow worm species in practice.
Effect of air–liquid interface on cultured human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Sabapaty Akanksha , Lin Po‐Yu , Dunn James C. Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium is a dynamic barrier that allows the selective exchange of ions, hormones, proteins, and nutrients. To accomplish this, the intestinal epithelium adopts a highly columnar morphology which is partially lost in submerged culturing systems. To achieve this, small intestinal tissue samples were utilized to obtain human intestinal crypts to form enteroids. The Transwell system was subsequently employed to form a monolayer of cells that was cultured in either the submerged condition or the air–liquid Interface (ALI) condition. We found that the human intestinal monolayer under the ALI condition exhibited morphology more similar to the normal intestinal epithelium. F‐actin localization and brush border formation were observed apically, and the integrity of the tight junctions was preserved in the ALI condition. Fewer apoptotic cells were observed in the ALI conditions as compared to the submerged conditions. The monolayer of cells expressed a higher level of secretory cell lineage genes in the ALI condition. The ALI condition positively contributes toward a more differentiated phenotype of epithelial cells. It serves as an amplifier that enhances the existing differentiation cue. The ALI system provides a more differentiated platform to study intestinal function compared to submerged conditions.
Long-term outcome of occupational asthma with different etiology
Authors: Suojalehto Hille , Lindström Irmeli 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the recent literature on the long-term outcome of sensitizer-induced and irritant-induced occupational asthma.

Recent findings
Recent studies of sensitizer-induced occupational asthma show that after the offending exposure has ceased, most patients report at least partial relief of symptoms. However, in the long term, the diagnosis may negatively impact their careers, incomes, and quality of life. The studies also offer new insights into diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma phenotypes and asthma remission rates. One third of these cases were in remission in long-term after reduction or cessation of exposure. The long-term prognosis of irritant-induced occupational asthma was demonstrated to be poorer than sensitizer-induced occupational asthma. Older age, low fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels and uncontrolled asthma at the time of diagnosis predicted uncontrolled asthma in the long term in patients with irritant and low-molecular-weight sensitizer induced occupational asthma.

Summary
Recent studies provide further evidence of the long-term outcome of different occupational asthma phenotypes and the factors that affect them. These findings help us identify patients at risk of poor asthma outcomes, who need close monitoring and support. It should also be borne in mind that occupational asthma diagnosis may have wider-ranging negative impacts on patients’ lives.
An Evidence Map for Social and Structural Determinants for Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Neerland Carrie , Slaughter-Acey Jaime , Behrens Kathryn , Claussen Amy M. , Usset Timothy , Bilal-Roby Sameerah , Bashir Huda , Westby Andrea , Wagner Brittin , McAlpine Donna , Dixon Melanie , Xiao Mengli , Avila Damaris , Butler Mary 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the social–structural determinants of health risk factors associated with maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States during the prenatal and postpartum periods.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Social Sciences Citation Index through November 2022 for eligible studies that examined exposures related to social and structural determinants of health and at least one health or health care–related outcome for pregnant and birthing people.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
After screening 8,378 unique references, 118 studies met inclusion criteria.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
We grouped studies by social and structural determinants of health domains and maternal outcomes. We used alluvial graphs to summarize results and provide additional descriptions of direction of association between potential risk exposures and outcomes. Studies broadly covered risk factors including identity and discrimination, socioeconomic, violence, trauma, psychological stress, structural or institutional, rural or urban, environment, comorbidities, hospital, and health care use. However, these risk factors represent only a subset of potential social and structural determinants of interest. We found an unexpectedly large volume of research on violence and trauma relative to other potential exposures of interest. Outcome domains included maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, cardiac and metabolic disorders, weathering depression, other mental health or substance use disorders, and cost per health care use outcomes. Patterns between risk factors and outcomes were highly mixed. Depression and other mental health outcomes represented a large proportion of medical outcomes. Risk of bias was high, and rarely did studies report the excess risk attributable to a specific exposure.

CONCLUSION:
Limited depth and quality of available research within each risk factor hindered our ability to understand underlying pathways, including risk factor interdependence. Although recently published literature showed a definite trend toward improved rigor, future research should emphasize techniques that improve the ability to estimate causal effects. In the longer term, the field could advance through data sets designed to fully ascertain data required to robustly examine racism and other social and structural determinants of health, their intersections, and feedback loops with other biological and medical risk factors.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42022300617.
Utility of pathologist panels for achieving consensus in NASH histologic scoring in clinical trials: Data from a phase 3 study
Authors: Sanyal Arun J. , Loomba Rohit , Anstee Quentin M. , Ratziu Vlad , Kowdley Kris V. , Rinella Mary E. , Harrison Stephen A. , Resnick Murray B. , Capozza Thomas , Sawhney Sangeeta , Shelat Nirav , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Liver histopathologic assessment is the accepted surrogate endpoint in NASH trials; however, the scoring of NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN) histologic parameters is limited by intraobserver and interobserver variability. We designed a consensus panel approach to minimize variability when using this scoring system. We assessed agreement between readers, estimated linear weighted kappas between 2 panels, compared them with published pairwise kappa estimates, and addressed how agreement or disagreement might impact the precision and validity of the surrogate efficacy endpoint in NASH trials.

Methods:
Two panels, each comprising 3 liver fellowship-trained pathologists who underwent NASH histology training, independently evaluated scanned whole slide images, scoring fibrosis, inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and steatosis from baseline and month 18 biopsies for 100 patients from the precirrhotic NASH study REGENERATE. The consensus score for each parameter was defined as agreement by ≥2 pathologists. If consensus was not reached, all 3 pathologists read the slide jointly to achieve a consensus score.

Results:
Between the 2 panels, the consensus was 97%–99% for steatosis, 91%–93% for fibrosis, 88%–92% for hepatocyte ballooning, and 84%–91% for inflammation. Linear weighted kappa scores between panels were similar to published NASH CRN values.

Conclusions:
A panel of 3 trained pathologists independently scoring 4 NASH CRN histology parameters produced high consensus rates. Interpanel kappa values were comparable to NASH CRN metrics, supporting the accuracy and reproducibility of this method. The high concordance for fibrosis scoring was reassuring, as fibrosis is predictive of liver-specific outcomes and all-cause mortality.
Visual Quality Assessment and Comparison of Monofocal and Multifocal Scleral Lens Designs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Privado-Aroco Ana , Valdes-Soria Gonzalo , Romaguera María , Serramito María , Carracedo Gonzalo 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To compare visual quality, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, subjective vision, and comfort between monofocal and multifocal scleral lens (SL) designs.

Methods:
An experimental, cross over and short-term pilot study has been performed. Nineteen presbyopic patients (51.9±3.8 years) with regular corneas participated voluntarily in the study and Onefit MED monofocal and multifocal SL designs were fitted bilaterally. Subjective vision and comfort, contrast sensitivity function, stereopsis, high- and low-contrast visual acuity (VA) at 4 m and 40 cm under photopic and mesopic conditions, and defocus curves were measured. Data analysis was performed with nonparametric tests. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
Mean addition power of the prescribed lenses was 1.72±0.38 diopters. Multifocal design showed a statistically significant improvement for intermediate and near vision in the defocus curve under photopic and mesopic conditions (P<0.05), however, worsening in stereopsis (P<0.05) and contrast sensitivity for high spatial frequencies (P<0.05). Distance visual acuity (VA) showed significantly lower values under mesopic conditions for high- and low-contrast tests (P<0.05), and on low-contrast test under photopic conditions (P<0.001) with the multifocal design.

Conclusion:
Multifocal SLs showed better visual performance at intermediate and near distances without compromising distance vision under photopic conditions for a high-contrast test when compared with monofocal design.
Risk evaluation of splenic hilar lymph node metastasis and survival analysis of patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Niu Guangcai , Zhu Youlong , Xiong Xuanxuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
There is no consensus regarding the influence of prophylactic no. 10 lymph node (LN) dissection in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We aimed to evaluate whether patients with AGC could benefit from no. 10 LN dissection and to explore the clinicopathological indicators of no. 10 LN metastasis.

Methods
We analyzed the data of 218 patients with AGC who underwent standard D2 lymphadenectomy (SD2; n = 108) or modified D2 lymphadenectomy (MD2; n = 110) between January 2017 and January 2021. In addition, we examined factors influencing no. 10 LN metastasis in the SD2 group.

Results
Differentiation, tumor location, and no. 4 positive LNs were significantly correlated with no. 10 LN metastasis (P < 0.05). Borrmann classification, differentiation, depth of invasion, LN metastasis (N), and tumor size were found to correlate with survival in univariate analyses. Age, sex, extent of gastrectomy, tumor location, and extent of lymphadenectomy were not associated with survival (P > 0.05). The median survival times were 72.23 and 68.56 months for the SD2 and MD2 groups, respectively (P = 0.635). Postoperative major morbidity and mortality rates were 37.96% and 3.70% in the SD2 group, and 23.64% and 1.82% in the MD2 group, respectively.

Conclusions
Based on our findings, prophylactic no. 10 lymphadenectomy may be recommended in patients with AGC who exhibit positive no. 4 LN status, poor differentiation, and tumors located on the greater curvature.