bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Following Endovascular Stroke Therapy Is Not Benign: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Harker Pablo , Aziz Yasmin N. , Vranic Justin , Chulluncuy‐Rivas Roberto , Previtera Melissa , Yaghi Shadi , DeHavenon Adam H. , Tsivgoulis Georgios K. , Khatri Vivek , Mistry Akshitkumar M. , Khatri Pooja , Mistry Eva A. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (aICH) occurs in approximately 35% of patients with acute ischemic stroke after endovascular thrombectomy. Unlike symptomatic ICH, studies evaluating the effect of aICH on outcomes have been inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the long‐term effects of postendovascular thrombectomy aICH.

Methods and Results

The meta‐analysis protocol was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews a priori. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception through September 2023, yielding 312 studies. Two authors independently reviewed all abstracts. Included studies contained adult patients with ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy with follow‐up imaging assessment of ICH reporting comparative outcomes according to aICH versus no ICH. After screening, 60 papers were fully reviewed, and 10 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria (n=5723 patients total, 1932 with aICH). Meta‐analysis was performed using Cochrane RevMan v5.4. Effects were estimated by a random‐effects model to estimate summary odds ratio (OR) of the effect of aICH versus no ICH on primary outcomes of 90‐day modified Rankin Scale 3 to 6 and mortality. The presence of aICH was associated with a higher odds of 90‐day mRS 3 to 6 (OR, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.81–2.60],
P
<0.0001,
I
2
46% Q
19.15) and mortality (OR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.17–2.53],
P
:0.005,
I
2
79% Q
27.59) compared with no ICH. This difference was maintained following subgroup analysis according to hemorrhage classification and recanalization status.

Conclusions
The presence of aICH is associated with worse 90‐day functional outcomes and higher mortality. Further studies to evaluate the factors predicting aICH and treatments aimed at reducing its occurrence are warranted.
Elevated Interleukin‐6 Levels Are Associated With an Increased Risk of QTc Interval Prolongation in a Large Cohort of US Veterans
Authors: Lazzerini Pietro Enea , Cupelli Michael , Cartocci Alessandra , Bertolozzi Iacopo , Salvini Viola , Accioli Riccardo , Salvadori Fabio , Marzotti Tommaso , Verrengia Decoroso , Cevenini Gabriele , Bisogno Stefania , Bicchi Maurizio , Donati Giovanni , Bernardini Sciaila , Laghi‐Pasini Franco , Acampa Maurizio , Capecchi Pier Leopoldo , El‐Sherif Nabil , Boutjdir Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

Background
Although accumulating data indicate that IL‐6 (interleukin‐6) can promote heart rate‐corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation via direct and indirect effects on cardiac electrophysiology, current evidence comes from basic investigations and small clinical studies only. Therefore, IL‐6 is still largely ignored in the clinical management of long‐QT syndrome and related arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of QTc prolongation associated with elevated IL‐6 levels in a large population of unselected subjects.

Methods and Results
An observational study using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure was performed. Participants were US veterans who had an ECG and were tested for IL‐6. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between IL‐6 and QTc prolongation risk. Study population comprised 1085 individuals, 306 showing normal (<5 pg/mL), 376 moderately high (5–25 pg/mL), and 403 high (>25 pg/mL) IL‐6 levels. Subjects with elevated IL‐6 showed a concentration‐dependent increase in the prevalence of QTc prolongation, and those presenting with QTc prolongation exhibited higher circulating IL‐6 levels. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that increased IL‐6 level was significantly associated with a risk of QTc prolongation up to 2 times the odds of the reference category of QTc (e.g. QTc >470 ms men/480 ms women ms: odds ratio, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.12–4.50] for IL‐6 >25 pg/mL) regardless of the underlying cause. Specifically, the mean QTc increase observed in the presence of elevated IL‐6 was quantitatively comparable (IL‐6 >25 pg/mL:+6.7 ms) to that of major recognized QT‐prolonging risk factors, such as hypokalemia and history of myocardial infarction.

Conclusions
Our data provide evidence that a high circulating IL‐6 level is a robust risk factor for QTc prolongation in a large cohort of US veterans, supporting a potentially important arrhythmogenic role for this cytokine in the general population.
Nematode production in artificial ponds: a long-term perspective
Authors: Majdi Nabil , Gansfort Birgit , Gehner Stefanie , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Nematodes are the most abundant multicellular animals on Earth and play an important role as intermediaries in energy fluxes. However, estimations of nematode biomass turnover and secondary production have been poorly defined for decades and it is difficult to reach a consensus about the importance of nematodes for ecosystem functioning. Here we monitored monthly the nematode species composition, abundance and biomass over 3-10 years in a set of artificial urban ponds, and we used different allometric models to estimate biomass turnover and secondary production. During the first 3 years of colonisation of the pond bottom, the nematode community was rather species-poor and mostly composed of small bacterivorous species (Monhysterids); however, the community quickly reached impressive numbers (up to 21 million individuals m−2) achieving a maximum annual production of 3.8-11.6 gC m−2 year−1 depending on the allometric model used for estimation. However, over the long-term (3-10 years), abundance and community structure eventually became dramatically altered by anoxic events occurring in one pond, dampening nematode production to low levels (0.3-0.6 gC m−2 year−1) without clear resilience. The comparison of models helped us to formulate general recommendations in order to popularise the use of nematode secondary production as a useful ecosystem diagnostic tool. Overall, results indicated that under good conditions of oxygenation nematodes are a highly productive component of the zoobenthos of ponds. We also discussed the consequences of this finding for sustainable pond aquaculture, as nematodes constitute an important local and nutritive resource for juveniles of economically important fish, such as carp and tilapia.
Effects of graded exercise load on variations of certain physiological parameters in Lipizzan horses during riding – a pilot study
Authors: Čebulj-Kadunc N. , Turk A. , Kruljc P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Scientifically sound studies investigating the influence of riders on the physiological responses of riding horses are rare. Therefore, this pilot study was aimed to investigate the physiological changes in 6 purebred Lipizzan horses during an exercise test (ExT) in an indoor arena performed by a male and a female rider with different body weights and experience levels. Respiratory rate, rectal and body surface temperature, lactate, creatinine, and cortisol concentrations were measured before (BEx) and after exercise tests (AEx) with a graded workload, while heart rate and speed were recorded telemetrically during the ExT. Measured values were within a range for warm-blooded animals and increased significantly ( to ) in both riders AEx. BST values were highest in the cranial regions of the horses, followed by the caudal and distal body regions (). The differences in values were insignificant () between the two ExTs, except the higher heart rate between the male and the female rider (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that there are no influences of rider characteristics on the physiological responses of riding horses and point to the importance of further research in the field of equine exercise testing, sports medicine, and animal welfare, which will also provide necessary knowledge for the conservation and development of the Lipizzan breed.
Reshaping the Anglo-Saxon Scop
Authors: Marmora Giuliano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article identifies two frequently occurring motifs in novelistic adaptations of Beowulf that compellingly corroborate the fictional subversion of the narrative: the scop as the forger of the truth and personal profit as the catalyst for composition. Moreover, this article observes how these novels exist within a complex intertextual network, demonstrating how contemporary authors artfully recast Old English literary texts into their work and suggesting the influence of earlier retellings for the employment of either one or both motifs.
CFO Accounting Expertise and SEC Comment Letter Process
Authors: Kwon Soo Young , Lim Jee-Hae , Park Jongwon 
Published: February 2024

In this study, we explore the expanded role of chief financial officers (CFOs) in facilitating corporate disclosure by examining how their accounting expertise influences the resolution process of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) comment letters issued on 10-K reports. Using CFO professional profile data collected extensively through EDGAR, Lexis-Nexis, and several online searches, we find that CFO accounting expertise improves the resolution of SEC comment letters by reducing the remediation costs and the likelihood of unfavorable resolution outcomes. We also show that the effect of CFO accounting expertise is more pronounced when the CFO’s involvement in the resolution process is greater, and the SEC comment letter includes comments on accounting topics. Our findings are robust to a battery of robustness tests. Overall, this study highlights the importance of CFOs’ role and function in regulatory compliance. JEL codes: G14; G30; M40; M41; M48
The Nature of Labor’s Vulnerability to Exploitation
Authors: Eswaran Mukesh 
Published: February 2024

I identify a hitherto unrecognized contribution of labor to production stemming from an innate sense of psychological ownership of the fruits of one’s labor. This is rooted in the consciousness accompanying all human activities and is distinct from legal ownership. Consciousness is inalienable; it cannot be contracted on. Labor’s psychological ownership generates quasi-rents, which can be appropriated by capitalist firms with market power. Monopsony power, now empirically seen to be ubiquitous in labor markets, has more serious efficiency and equity consequences than recognized. In a neoclassical framework, I also show why labor is uniquely vulnerable to exploitation—reconciling it with Marxian views. If capitalist owners are taken to be unaware of their workers’ psychological ownership, this exploitation occurs even in competitive labor markets. JEL Classification: P12, J22, J3, J42, D41
Reducing inequalities by supporting individuals to make informed decisions about accepting their breast screening invitations
Authors: Nicholson Sarah L , Douglas Heidi , Halcrow Stephen , Whelehan Patsy 
Published: February 2024

Objectives Individuals from deprived areas are less likely to attend breast screening. Inequalities in the coverage of breast screening are associated with poorer cancer outcomes. Individuals who have a positive first experience are more likely to attend subsequent mammograms. This work evaluates the provision of an additional telephone call to individuals who have never attended breast screening, to establish whether this increases attendance. Setting and Methods 1423 patients from four general practitioner practices within socially deprived areas of National Health Service Tayside (UK) comprised the study population. In addition to their standard appointment letter, individuals were to receive a call at least 24 h prior to their appointment. The call identified barriers to screening, and offered a supportive, problem-solving approach to overcoming these barriers. Data collected included: age, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, first-time invite or previous non-attender, if contactable, duration of call, number of days prior to appointment, and confirmation appointment letter was received. The primary outcome was attendance at the screening. Results Contact by phone was made with 678 (47.6%) of the study population. Of those, 483 (71.2%) attended their appointment, 122 (18%) cancelled and 73 (10.8%) did not attend (DNA), versus 344 (46.2%) attending, 34 (4.6%) cancelling and 367 (49.3%) not attending among those who were not able to be contacted. Those who received a call were more likely to attend their appointment and less likely to DNA compared to individuals not receiving the call. Conclusion The intervention is simple and low cost; results indicate that the additional call may increase attendance and reduce DNA appointments at breast screening.
The Influence of Sidedness in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate on Mid Facial Growth at Five Years of Age
Authors: Fell Matthew , Chong David , Parmar Paras , Su Ting-Li , Enocson Lars , Richard Bruce 
Published: February 2024

Objective To determine whether facial growth at five years is different for children with a left versus right sided cleft lip and palate. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Seven UK regional cleft centres. Patients Patients born between 2000-2014 with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Main Outcomes Measure 5-Year-Old's Index scores. Results 378 children were included. 256 (68%) had a left sided UCLP and 122 (32%) had a right sided UCLP. 5-Year-Old's index scores ranged from 1 (good) to 5 (poor). There was a higher proportion of patients getting good scores (1 and 2) in left UCLP (43%) compared to right UCLP (37%) but there was weak evidence for a difference (Adjusted summary odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.87; P = .22). Conclusions Whilst maxillary growth may be different for left versus right sided UCLP, definitive analysis requires older growth indices and arch forms.
Evaluation of Short Versus Long Courses of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Patients With Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Anderson Daniel T. , Sharma Divisha , Chase Aaron M. , Sulaiman Zoheb Irshad , Anderson August H. , Huggett Ashley L. , Eudy Joshua 
Published: February 2024

Background: Short courses of antibiotics (7-10 days) are effective for uncomplicated gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI). However, prior studies have been limited to small cohorts of critically ill patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of short courses of therapy compared with longer courses in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with GN-BSI. Methods: Propensity-matched, retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients with GN-BSI. The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day mortality or 60-day relapse. Secondary endpoints were components of the composite, 30-day relapse, cure with or without adverse drug events (ADE), and ADEs. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of the composite outcome. Results: 225 patients were included in the propensity analysis, 145 in the long cohort and 80 in the short cohort. The primary outcome occurred in 3.8% of patients in the short group and 9.0% of patients in the long group ( P = 0.24). There was no difference in 30-day mortality (3.8% vs 5.5%, P = 0.79), 60-day relapse (0% vs 3.4%, P = 0.23), or 30-day readmission (20% vs 22.8%, P = 0.76). ADEs were more common in the long group (47.2% vs 34.1%, OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.04-2.9), primarily attributable to diarrhea. Conclusion and Relevance: In critically ill patients with GN-BSI, there were no efficacy outcome differences in patients treated with a short course of antibiotics compared with longer. However, patients in the short group were less likely to experience ADE. These findings suggest that short courses of antibiotics are effective for GN-BSI in critically ill patients.
Dialysis nurses’ knowledge, attitude, practices, and self-efficacy regarding vascular access care: A multicenter cross-sectional survey in Singapore
Authors: Meng Lingyan , Tan Pauline , Ali Khan Behram , Liao Jun , Lou Lillian , Chen Shune , Teo Boon Wee , Guo Wei , Ho Pei 
Published: February 2024

Background: Dialysis nurses play a pivotal role in the management of vascular access (VA), physician-patient liaison, and patient education for hemodialysis patients. This multicenter study aims to review the dialysis nurses’ knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy toward providing care for patients’ VA. Methods: A multi-centered study was conducted using a self-administered survey. Nurses from 47 Singapore dialysis centers (five hospital-based and 42 community-based) providing hemodialysis were invited to participate on a voluntary and anonymous basis from April to November 2022. The survey consists of nurses’ knowledge on VA (10 items), attitude on VA care (six items), usual practices (seven items), and self-efficacy in VA cannulation and management (six items). The total scores for the knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy components were 50, 30, and 30 respectively. The instrument has been validated in a pilot study. Results: In total, five hundred sixteen dialysis nurses participated the survey. The mean (±SD) knowledge score of the participants toward VA care was 30.0 (±8.1) over a total score of 50. The means (±SD) of their attitude and self-efficacy scores were 24.4 (±4.1) and 24.2 (±3.1) over 30 respectively. The majority of the nurses (84.1% in hospital-based centers and 98.9% in community-based centers) conducted patient education in some aspects of VA care. The percentage of nurses indicated need for referral to access specialists due to various abnormalities varied significantly between the hospital-based and community-based settings. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, longer working experience was a significant factor for higher knowledge score ( B = 0.26; p = 0.001), attitude score ( B = 0.08; p = 0.01), and self-efficacy score ( B = 0.34; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Dialysis nurses in Singapore have satisfactory knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy on VA care. The majority of them expressed positive opinions toward the VA-related training they received, new technologies, and communications. The identified knowledge and practice gaps could be incorporated into the future training programs.
Subjective versus objective language proficiency measures in the investigation of bilingual effects on cognitive control
Authors: Zhou Yu , Privitera Adam John 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Bilingual language experience is thought to confer non-linguistic benefits in general cognition including improved cognitive control. These bilingual effects are most often observed in samples of bilinguals who are highly proficient in both languages. However, across the majority of previous studies, assessments of language proficiency are exclusively subjective. While evidence supports that subjective and objective measures of language proficiency are correlated, no studies have explored whether the use of either measure impacts on model results when investigating bilingual effects on cognitive control. Methodology: Mandarin-English bilingual young adults completed both subjective and objective assessments of language proficiency and a Simon task to measure differences in cognitive control. Data and Analysis: Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models to best account for differences in linguistic and non-linguistic variables as well as the repeated-measures nature of the Simon task. Findings and Conclusions: We report no evidence in support of improved cognitive control associated with higher levels of language proficiency. Crucially, results did not differ when either subjective or objective measures were included in our models. Results support that both subjective and objective assessments of language proficiency may be equivalent when modeling bilingual effects on cognitive control. Originality: This study is the first direct investigation of the influence of the proficiency assessment method on model results. Implications: The findings of this study have implications for the assessment of language proficiency in future investigations of bilingual effects.
Physio-chemical analysis of pollutants in residential micro-environment through continuous monitoring and settled dust characterization
Authors: Bedi Tanya Kaur , Bhattacharya Shankha Pratim 
Published: February 2024

The concern about indoor air quality in various micro-environments has been on the rise as buildings are vulnerable to an array of contaminants generated from various sources. The study aims to investigate and highlight the pollutant sources and composition in middle-income residential spaces through a case study approach. With large migration from small towns and saturation of megacities, the middle-income population in tier-2 cities in India is on the rise, raising concern about the well-being of the dense urban population. It involves a careful selection of typical MIG housing to identify major pollution sources from outdoor and indoor environments. The focus lies in the findings stemming from continuous air quality monitoring of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, HCHO, TVOC, CO and C6H6 and an in-depth physio-chemical analysis facilitated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Analytical Scanning Electron Microscope (A-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy of settled household dust. Analysis unveiled indoor PM2.5 concentrations of 21.93 µg/m3, exceeding WHO standards, whereas, TVOC concentrations were higher indoors than outdoors. Stark disparities between indoor and outdoor dust compositions and sources were also observed. Despite limitations, it provides a portrait of middle-income housing conditions, offering insights for interventions and future research on indoor air quality challenges.