bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plantar pressure distribution in Type 2 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Pataky Z. , Assal J.‐P. , Conne P. , Vuagnat H. , Golay A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims To evaluate the distribution of plantar pressure during walking on a level gradient in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus without any microvascular and macrovascular complications and to compare them with non‐diabetic control subjects.Methods A group of 15 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus without either peripheral neuropathy or peripheral vascular disease (PVD), as well as without both diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, was compared with a group of 15 non‐diabetic subjects matched for age, sex, body weight and height. The plantar pressure and duration of plantar pressure were measured on big toe, 1st, 3rd and 5th metatarsal heads, and on the heel of both feet by Force Sensing Resistors sensors. The static contact plantar surface was measured by method of Harris footprints.Results The diabetic group showed a significant increase in peak plantar pressure at the level of the big toe [right foot 205 ± 94 vs. 101 ± 39 kPa (mean ± sd),P = 0.01; left foot 165 ± 61 vs. 104 ± 43 kPa,P = 0.05] and 5th metatarsal head (right foot 160 ± 68 vs. 97 ± 32 kPa,P = 0.05; left foot 174 ± 65 vs. 91 ± 42 kPa,P = 0.02) with a significantly prolonged duration of plantar pressure at each step. Under the heel, the peak plantar pressure was significantly lower in the diabetic group (right foot 187 ± 54 vs. 321 ± 91 kPa,P = 0.05; left foot 184 ± 63 vs. 298 ± 110 kPa,P = 0.05). No significant differences were noted under 1st and 3rd metatarsal heads. The contact plantar surface was significantly reduced in the diabetic group compared with control subjects (right foot 118.2 ± 10.8 vs. 141.5 ± 12.7 cm2,P = 0.05; left foot 127.5 ± 8.7 vs. 140.0 ± 11.1 cm2,P = 0.05).Conclusions We observed an anterior displacement of weight‐bearing during walking on a level gradient as well as a reduced static contact plantar surface in diabetic patients without evidence of any complications compared with the non‐diabetic control group. This could be a premature sign of peripheral neuropathy, which is not evaluated on clinical examination or quantitative sensory testing used in clinics.
Human plasma phospholipid transfer protein activity is decreased by acute hyperglycaemia: studies without and with hyperinsulinaemia in Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Oomen P. H. N. , Van Tol A. , Hattori H. , Smit A. J. , Scheek L. M. , Dullaart R. P. F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims  Little is known about the regulation of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), that plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism. PLTP secretion may be up‐regulated by glucose in vitro, whereas plasma PLTP activity is decreased by exogenous hyperinsulinaemia and glucose‐induced hyperinsulinaemia in vivo. In the present study, we evaluated the separate effects of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in C‐peptide‐negative Type 1 diabetic patients.Methods  The protocol was carried out in 16 patients (eight females). In each individual, plasma PLTP mass and activity (measured by enzyme‐linked immuno‐sorbent assay and liposome‐high density lipoprotein system, respectively) as well as plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, lipids and apolipoprotein levels were determined at the end of four different glucose clamps, each lasting 210 min: standard insulin (30 mU/kg/h) and standard glucose (glucose 5.0 mmol/l) (SI‐SG), standard insulin and high glucose (glucose 12 mmol/l) (SI‐HG), high insulin (150 mU/kg/h) and standard glucose (HI‐SG), and high insulin and high glucose (HI‐HG).Results  Plasma lipids and (apo)lipoproteins, measured at the end of the SI‐HG, HI‐SG and HI‐HG clamps, were not significantly different compared with the levels obtained at the end of the SI‐SG clamp. Median plasma PLTP mass and activity at the end of the SI‐SG clamp were 12.8 mg/l and 13.2 µmol/ml/h, respectively. Median plasma PLTP mass decreased by 9.1% at the end of the HI‐HG clamp (P < 0.01), whereas the changes at the end of the SI‐HG and HI‐SG clamps were not significant. Median plasma PLTP activity decreased by 5.7, 4.6 and 8.6% at the end of the SI‐HG, HI‐SG and HI‐HG clamps, respectively (all P < 0.05). Median plasma CETP activity was 177 nmol/ml/h at the end of the SI‐SG clamp, and decreased by 4.9% (P < 0.05) and by 8.3% (P < 0.05) at the end of the HI‐SG and the HI‐HG clamps, respectively. Plasma CETP activity did not change significantly at the end of the SI‐HG clamp.Conclusions  The present study demonstrates that plasma PLTP activity is independently decreased by acute hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in humans in vivo. These data do not support a direct role of short‐term hyperglycaemia in up‐regulating plasma PLTP levels.
Prevalence of diabetes complications 6 years after diagnosis in an incident cohort of childhood diabetes
Authors: Donaghue K. C. , Craig M. E. , Chan A. K. F. , Fairchild J. M. , Cusumano J. M. , Verge C. F. , Crock P. A. , Hing S. J. , Howard N. J. , Silink M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims  To examine the prevalence of early diabetes complications 6 years after diagnosis of diabetes. The hypothesis that initial contact with a multidisciplinary team would be associated with a reduced risk of microvascular complications was tested in this cohort.Methods  Participants were recruited from an incident cohort of children aged < 15 years diagnosed between 1990 and 1992 in NSW, Australia. Initial management at a teaching hospital was documented at case notification. At 6 years, health care questionnaires and complications were assessed: retinopathy by 7‐field stereoscopic retinal photography and elevated albumin excretion rate (AER) defined as the median of three overnight urine collections ≥ 7.5 µg/min. Case attainment was 58% (209/361) with participants younger than non‐participants and more likely living in an urban than rural location.Results  Retinopathy was present in 24%, median AER ≥ 7.5 µg/min in 18%, and median AER ≥ 20 µg/min in 2%. In multivariate analysis, initial management at a teaching hospital or consultation with all three allied health professionals combined with pubertal staging and cholesterol or HbA1c were all determinants of risk for retinopathy.Conclusions  Early retinopathy and elevated AER are common in children 6 years after diagnosis. Initial allied health contact and management at a teaching hospital were associated with a reduced risk of microvascular complications in this cohort.
Avoiding milk is associated with a reduced risk of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study
Authors: Lawlor D. A. , Ebrahim S. , Timpson N. , Davey Smith G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective  To examine the association of milk consumption with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.Methods  The association was examined in 4024 British women aged 60–79 who were randomly selected from primary care centres in 23 towns.Results  Women who never drank milk had lower homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA) scores, triglyceride concentrations and body mass indices, and higher high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol concentrations, than those who drank milk. The age‐adjusted odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome comparing non‐milk drinkers with drinkers was 0.55 (0.33, 0.94), which did not attenuate with adjustment for potential confounders. Diabetes was less common in non‐milk drinkers.Conclusion  Individuals who do not drink milk may be protected against insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. However, randomized controlled trials are required to establish whether milk avoidance is causally associated with these outcomes.
Interleukin‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and IL‐10 in the vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Hernández C. , Segura R. M. , Fonollosa A. , Carrasco E. , Francisco G. , Simó R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims  To determine the intra‐vitreous levels of two pro‐inflammatory cytokines [interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1)] and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In addition, the relationship between the profile of cytokines and PDR activity has also been evaluated.Patients and methods  The study included 22 consecutive diabetic patients with PDR (4 Type 1 and 18 Type 2) on whom a vitrectomy was performed. Sixteen age‐matched non‐diabetic patients with other conditions requiring vitrectomy, but in which the retina was not directly affected by neovascularization served as a control group. IL‐8, MCP‐1 and IL‐10 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results  The vitreal levels of both IL‐8 and MCP‐1 were strikingly higher in diabetic patients with PDR in comparison with the control group [173.5 (64–1670) vs. 49 pg/ml (25–145), P < 0.001, and 2171 (388–6155) vs. 438 pg/ml (207–1344), P < 0.001, respectively]. In addition, the vitreous concentrations of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 were higher in patients with active PDR than in those patients with quiescent PDR [324.5 (80–1670) vs. 173.5 pg/ml (64–487), P = 0.06 and 3596 (1670–6155) vs. 1143 pg/ml (388–2500), P = 0.01, respectively]. However, vitreal levels of IL‐10 in diabetic patients were similar to that obtained in the control group [2.89 (1.55–5.50) vs. 2.46 pg/ml (2.2–5.41), P = NS].Conclusions  The pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐8 and MCP‐1 are increased in the vitreous fluid of PDR patients without an increase in the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. In addition, both IL‐8 and MCP‐1 intra‐vitreous levels correlated with PDR activity, thus suggesting that these cytokines may be pathogenically important in PDR.
Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance
Authors: Schinner S. , Scherbaum W. A. , Bornstein S. R. , Barthel A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCurrently, we observe an epidemic expansion of diabetes mellitus. In subjects with Type 2 diabetes the resistance of fat, muscle and liver to insulin is the central pathophysiological event in the development of this disease. Genetic and environmental factors play a major role in this process, although the precise pathogenesis of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes is still largely unknown. However, recent studies have contributed to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. In this review we therefore summarize the current developments in understanding the pathophysiological process of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Among the many molecules involved in the intracellular processing of the signal provided by insulin, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)‐2, the protein kinase B (PKB)‐β isoform and the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1a (FKHR) are of particular interest in this context as recent data have provided strong evidence that dysfunction of these proteins results in insulin resistance in‐vivo. Furthermore, we have now increasing evidence that the adipose tissue not only produces free fatty acids that contribute to insulin resistance, but also acts as a relevant endocrine organ producing mediators (adipokines) that can modulate insulin signalling. The identification of the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes is essential for the development of novel and more effective therapies to better treat our patients with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.
Absorptive Capacity and Productivity Spillovers from FDI: A Threshold Regression Analysis*
Authors: Girma Sourafel 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper explores whether the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on productivity growth is dependent on absorptive capacity using recently developed threshold regression techniques. In manufacturing sectors where technology‐exploiting multinationals are prevalent, the results point to the presence of nonlinear threshold effects: the productivity benefit from FDI increases with absorptive capacity until some threshold level beyond which it becomes less pronounced. But there is also a minimum absorptive capacity threshold level below which productivity spillovers from FDI are negligible or even negative. On the contrary, no evidence of productivity spillovers is found in sectors where FDI appears to be motivated by technology‐sourcing considerations.
The Impact of Short‐ and Long‐run Exchange Rate Uncertainty on Investment: A Panel Study of Industrial Countries*
Authors: Byrne Joseph P. , Philip Davis E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe examine the relationship between aggregate investment and exchange rate uncertainty in the G7, using panel estimation and decomposition of volatility derived from the components generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (GARCH) model. Our dynamic panel approach takes account of potential cross‐sectional heterogeneity, which can lead to bias in estimation. We find that for a poolable subsample of European countries, it is the transitory and not the permanent component of volatility which adversely affects investment. To the extent that short‐run uncertainty in the CGARCH model characterizes higher frequency shocks generated by volatile short‐term capital flows, these are most deleterious for investment.
Globalization vs. Europeanization: A Business Cycles Race*
Authors: Bovi Maurizio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper examines the relative cyclical affiliation in six industrialized economies. While the broad conclusions are consistent with the existing literature, the proposed empirical framework is not based on correlations and permits the analysis of relative groupwise synchronization under very few assumptions. The results allow us to conclude that an English‐speaking club (Canada, UK, USA) is emerging in the last decades, whereas explicit and formal commitments seem to have had a relatively weaker power in determining Euro‐zone (France, Germany, Italy) business cycle comovements. Altogether, the business cycle race is a cause for concern as regards the entry of the UK into the Euro‐zone.
Partial Horizontal Inequity Orderings: A Non‐parametric Approach*
Authors: Rodríguez Juan Gabriel , Salas Rafael , Perrote Irene 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe provide a partial ordering view of horizontal inequity (HI), based on the Lorenz criterion, associated with different post‐tax income distributions and a (bistochastic) non‐parametric estimated benchmark distribution. As a consequence, several measures consistent with the Lorenz criterion can be rationalized. In addition, we establish the so‐called HI transfer principle, which imposes a normative minimum requirement that any HI measure must satisfy. Our proposed HI ordering is consistent with this principle. Moreover, we adopt a cardinal view to decompose the total effect of a tax system into a welfare gain caused by HI‐free income redistribution and a welfare loss caused by HI, without any additive decomposable restriction on the indices. Hence, more robust tests can be applied. Other decompositions in the literature are seen as particular cases.
Cross‐sectional Dependency and Size Distortion in a Small‐sample Homogeneous Panel Data Unit Root Test*
Authors: Jönsson Kristian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the effects of cross‐sectional disturbance correlation in a homogeneous panel data unit root test. As reported by other authors, the unit root test has incorrect size in the presence of cross‐sectional correlation. We suggest that a previously known estimator can be used to reduce the size distortions. We supply response surface estimates for critical values and study the size characteristics of the proposed test. We find that the suggested estimator performs well in small‐sample homogeneous panel data unit root tests. The reduction in size distortion comes at a small cost of lower power against a stationary alternative.
Panel LM Unit‐root Tests with Level Shifts*
Authors: Im Kyung‐So , Lee Junsoo , Tieslau Margie 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a new panel unit‐root test based on the Lagrangian multiplier (LM) principle. We show that the asymptotic distribution of the new panel LM test is not affected by the presence of structural shifts. This result holds under a mild condition that N/T→k, where k is any finite constant. Our simulation study shows that the panel LM unit‐root test is not only robust to the presence of structural shifts, but is more powerful than the popular Im, Pesaran and Shin (IPS) test. We apply our new test to the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis and find strong evidence for PPP.
Perceived benefits and costs of romantic relationships for women and men: Implications for exchange theory
Authors: SEDIKIDES CONSTANTINE , OLIVER MARY BETH , CAMPBELL W. KEITH 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis investigation examined the perceived benefits and costs of romantic (i.e., reciprocal dating) relationships. In Study 1, subjects provided open‐ended reports regarding the benefits and costs associated with romantic involvement. Different groups of subjects ranked (Study 2) and rated (Study 3) these benefits and costs for importance. Companionship, happiness, and feeling loved or loving another were among the most important benefits accompanying romantic involvement. The most serious costs included stress and worry about the relationship, social and nonsocial sacrifices, and increased dependence on the partner. Compared to males, females regarded intimacy, self‐growth, self‐understanding, and positive self‐esteem as more important benefits, and regarded loss of identity and innocence about relationships and love as more important costs Alternatively, males regarded sexual gratification as a more important benefit, and monetary losses as a more serious cost than did females Implications for exchange theory are highlighted.
Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns
Authors: SCHARFE ELAINE , BARTHOLOMEW KIM 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA basic premise of attachment theory is that internal models of attachment remain relatively stable across the life span. We examined stability and change in adult attachment representations over 8 months in a sample of young adults (N = 144; Mean age = 24.5 years). Attachment patterns were assessed by categorical and continuous ratings across three methods—self‐report ratings, expert ratings based on semi‐structured interviews, and reports of romantic partners—and showed moderate stability. Interview ratings tended to show higher stability than self‐report ratings. Changes in attachment ratings (across methods) were not consistently related to life events that had occurred in the intervening 8 months. The relationship between reliability and stability was discussed, and where the “true” stability could be estimated independent of unreliability, it was found to be very high (r's ranging from .72 to .96). The results highlight the importance of using multiple indicators in assessing adult attachment and using continuous rather than categorical ratings in the assessment of stability.
Gender and working models of attachment: Consequences for perceptions of self and romantic relationships
Authors: PIETROMONACO PAULA R. , CARNELLEY KATHERINE B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeveral theorists have proposed that differential socialization experiences lead men and women to differ in the importance they assign to relationships and in how they interpret and respond to relationships. To explore this idea, this study examined whether men and women who reported similar attachment experiences responded differently to information about the same kind of relationship. Men and women with secure, preoccupied, or avoidant models of attachment imagined themselves in a relationship with a hypothetical partner who displayed secure, preoccupied, or avoidant behavior. As predicted, avoidant men and preoccupied women, whose attachment models exaggerated gender‐role stereotypes, expressed the most negativity toward themselves and the relationship. Women also were more likely than men to apply specific information about the imagined relationship to general beliefs about their own relationships. In addition, men and women whose attachment models matched the partner's behavior responded more favorably to the relationship if they both expressed security, but less favorably if they both expressed avoidance. Findings for gender and partner matching closely paralleled those for couples in long‐term relationships and support the idea that the meaning and consequences of attachment models must be considered within the context of gender roles.
Perceptions of marital interaction and change during pregnancy: A typological approach
Authors: FITZPATRICK MARY ANNE , VANGELISTI ANITA L. , FIRMAN SUSAN M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMuch of the literature on the transition to parenthood suggests that pregnancy and childbirth arc associated with decreases in marital satisfaction. Recent developments, however, demonstrate that this decrease in couples' satisfaction may be complicated by a number of factors. Among other things, the way couples interact may play a central role in their adjustment to the changes typically associated with pregnancy and childbirth. The purpose of this study was to examine whether couples who espouse varying patterns of interaction also have differing experiences of changes in marital needs and concerns during pregnancy. Couples (N= 190) enrolled in childbirth classes completed a series of questionnaires including Fitzpatrick's Relational Dimensions Instrument and a measure assessing perceived changes in their marital needs and concerns. Results indicated that husbands and wives differed in terms of the amount of nurturance they felt they gave and received, their tendency to worry since pregnancy, and their views concerning their sexual relationship. When changes in needs and concerns were compared across the various couple types, a number of patterns emerged. Wives in Traditional, Separate/Traditional, and Separate/Independent marriages felt they received significantly more nurturance since pregnancy than did wives in Independent marriages. Husbands in Separate/Traditional relationships noted greater increases in worrying than did other husbands. Finally, although couples varied in the frequency of conflict reported, they did not differ with regard to changes in conflict or the influence of such changes on their marriages.