bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigenic Evidence of Prevalence and Diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosisArabinomannan
Authors: Glatman-Freedman Aharona , Casadevall Arturo , Dai Zongdong , Jacobs William R. , Li Anping , Morris Sheldon L. , Navoa Josepine Anne D. , Piperdi Sajida , Robbins John B. , Schneerson Rachel , Schwebach J. Reid , Shapiro Michael 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTArabinomannan (AM) is a polysaccharide of the mycobacterial capsule. The capsular polysaccharides of various microorganisms are diverse, and this diversity is important for classification of organisms into serotypes and vaccine development. In the present study we examined the prevalence and diversity of AM amongMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains using four AM-binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). One of these MAbs, MAb 9d8, is known to bind to AM specifically. By whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the AM recognized by MAb 9d8 was detected on the surfaces of 9 of 11 strains, while 2 strains showed no reactivity with MAb 9d8. However, the AM recognized by MAb 9d8 was found in the culture supernatants of all 11M. tuberculosisstrains tested, as demonstrated by capture ELISA. Other AM-binding MAbs reacted both with the surfaces and with the culture supernatants of all 11 strains. Mice immunized with an experimental AM-recombinantPseudomonas aeruginosaexoprotein A (rEPA) conjugate vaccine had an increased antibody response to AM and a moderate reduction in the numbers of CFU in their organs 7 days after challenge. Our results indicate that AM was detected in allM. tuberculosisstrains tested, with differences in epitope distributions of certain strains. In addition, our results suggest that an experimental AM-rEPA vaccine has a moderate effect on the numbers of CFU in organs early after infection.
Detailed Protocol for Purification of
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Elementary Bodies
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanghamitra , Clark Alejandra P. , Sullivan Erin D. , Miller Richard D. , Summersgill James T. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

A detailed protocol for the growth and harvest of purified elementary bodies of
Chlamydia pneumoniae
is presented. This procedure utilizes a flask-to-flask passage scheme designed to achieve high bacterial titers in a short period of time.
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Erythromycin Resistance in Four Isolates of
Streptococcus
-Like Gram-Positive Cocci Causing Bacteremia
Authors: Woo Patrick C. Y. , To Amanda P. C. , Lau Susanna K. P. , Fung Ami M. Y. , Yuen Kwok-yung 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

Among nine patients with bacteremia caused by
Granulicatella
or
Gemella
in a 6-year period (July 1995 to June 2001), three had bacteremia caused by erythromycin-resistant
Granulicatella adiacens
and one had bacteremia caused by erythromycin-resistant
Gemella haemolysans
. All four isolates possessed
mef
genes, whereas none possessed
ermT
,
ermTR
, or
ermB
genes.
Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Genotype Differentiation of
Giardia lamblia
in Stool Specimens
Authors: Guy Rebecca A. , Xiao Chongxie , Horgen Paul A. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

Real-time PCR, using dual-labeled fluorescent probes targeting the β-giardin gene, was used to detect
Giardia lamblia
in human stool specimens and to discriminate between isolates from the two major genetic assemblages of
G. lamblia
infective to humans, assemblages A and B.
Evaluation of Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Assay for Detection of
Bartonella clarridgeiae
and Seroprevalence of
B. clarridgeiae
among Patients with Suspected Cat Scratch Disease
Authors: Tsuneoka Hidehiro , Umeda Akiko , Tsukahara Masato , Sasaki Kohsuke 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

The possibility of
Bartonella clarridgeiae
being a causative agent of cat scratch disease (CSD) was investigated by using indirect fluorescence antibody assays with 288 suspected CSD patients. Immunoglobulin G antibody to noncocultivated
B. clarridgeiae
was suitable only for detection of
B. clarridgeiae
antibody. Significant cross-reactivity between
Bartonella henselae
and
B. clarridgeiae
was noted, and no CSD case caused by
B. clarridgeiae
was detected.
Use of Two Sensitive and Specific Immunoblot Markers, Em70 and Em90, for Diagnosis of Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Korkmaz Metin , Inceboz Tonay , Celebi Fehmi , Babaoglu Aylin , Uner Ahmet 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

Antibodies against
Echinococcus multilocularis
metacestodes were screened by immunoblotting sera from patients with alveolar echinococcosis (
n
= 39), cystic echinococcosis (
n
= 109), or other parasitic infections (
n
= 66) and healthy individuals (
n
= 32). Two antigens, approximately 70 and 90 kDa, are found to be valuable for confirmatory diagnosis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 99.51%, respectively.
Quality Control Guidelines for BAL9141 (Ro 63-9141), an Investigational Cephalosporin, When Reference MIC and Standardized Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Methods Are Used
Authors: Anderegg T. R. , Jones R. N. , Sader H. S. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

BAL9141 is a novel cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity, including activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. This multicenter study was performed to establish quality control (QC) guidelines for susceptibility testing of BAL9141 in phase 3 clinical trials and after U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval. The proposed 3 or 4 log
2
dilution MIC ranges encompass 97.8 to 100.0% of reported results, while the proposed 7- to 9-mm-zone-diameter QC ranges included 95.2 to 99.4% of the participant-reported disk diffusion results.
Direct quantification of the modulation of interaction between cell- or surface-bound LFA-1 and ICAM-1
Authors: Vitte Joana , Pierres Anne , Benoliel Anne-Marie , Bongrand Pierre 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe functional activity of leukocyte integrins is highly regulated by several mechanisms related to intrinsic molecular properties and receptor interaction with the cell membrane. Here, we present a microkinetic study of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1-mediated interaction between flowing Jurkat cells and surface- or cell-bound intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). We conclude that adhesion is initiated by the formation of a single bond with ∼0.3 s–1 dissociation rate, and attachment is subsequently strengthened by the formation of additional bonds during the next 10 s; exposing cells to Mg2+ or Mn2+ resulted in up to a 16-fold increase of the binding frequency, in line with reported measurements performed on isolated molecules with surface plasmon resonance methodology; cell-bound ICAM-1 molecules were more efficient in mediating adhesion than Fc-ICAM-1, properly oriented and bound by surface-adsorbed protein A; and quantitative analysis of binding frequency suggested that adhesion efficiency was ten- to 100-fold lower than the maximum value allowed by previously determined association rates of soluble molecules. It is concluded that the presented methodology provides a simple and unique way of dissecting the initial step of cell adhesion and discriminating between affinity and avidity modulation of adhesion receptors.
On-line anion exchange of rutherfordium in HF/HNO3 and HF solutions
Authors: Kronenberg A. , Eberhardt K. , Kratz Jens Volker , Mohapatra P. K. , Nähler A. , Thörle P. , Brüchle W. , Schädel M. , Türler A. 
Published: July 2004

Summary
The fluoride complexation of the group-4 elements Zr, Hf, and Rf, and of the pseudo-homolog Th, was previously investigated in mixed HNO3/HF solutions by studying K
d values on both cation-exchange resins (CIX) and anion-exchange resins (AIX) using the automated rapid chemistry apparatus ARCA. On the CIX, the fluoride complexation of Rf was found to be weaker than that of Zr and Hf but stronger than that of Th. On the AIX, the competition for the binding sites by the counter ion NO3
- was found to be stronger for the fluoride complexes of Rf than for those of Zr and Hf. The aim of the present work is to add independent evidence to the latter result by measuring K
d values for Rf on the AIX in 0.1 M HNO3/0.5 M HF and in 0.01 M HF without any HNO3. The results are obtained via an activity ratio of the long-lived α-decay descendant of 261mRf, 20-d 253Es, using the multi-column technique (MCT). These experiments corroborate the seemingly much more pronounced competition of NO3
- for the exchanging sites of the AIX with respect to [RfF
x
](

x

-4)- than with [ZrF
x
](

x

-4)- and [HfF
x
](

x

-4)-.
TRLIFS study of Eu(III) spectroscopic properties to obtain structural and thermodynamic informations on lanthanide-malonamide complexes in the Eu(III)/NaNO3/TetraEthylMalonAmide system
Authors: Couston Laurent , Charbonnel M. C. , Flandin J. L. , Moulin Christophe , Rancier F. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryImprovement of the nuclear fuel reprocessing involves separating the minor actinides (Am(III) and Cm(III)) from the fission products. In the French strategy, the first step consists in the separation of the trivalent actinides and lanthanides from high-level liquid waste, for which malonamides RR´NCO(CHR´´)CONRR´ are promising ligands. These molecules have been optimized for reprocessing but still require basic chemical studies to describe the complexation mechanisms at a molecular scale. This paper discusses a thermodynamic and structural study of a Ln(III)-malonamide complex formed with the hydrosoluble tetraethylmalonamide ligand (TEMA=(C2H5)2NCOCH2CON(C2H5)2) dissolved in a nitrate medium. Despite the simplified chemical system obtained with TEMA, its weak chemical affinity and its physical properties pushed the analytical techniques to their limits. The sensitivity of Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLIFS) combined with the major luminescent spectroscopic properties of Eu(III) (hypersensitive band and fluorescence lifetime) were successfully used to determine the equilibrium constant and hydration number in the Eu(III), TEMA, and NO3-system. Fluorescence lifetimes, connected with the first coordination sphere of the solvated metal, clearly show the inner-sphere location of nitrate in the Eu(NO3)2+complex, the outer-sphere location of TEMA in the Eu(TEMA)3+complex, and the outer-sphere location of both ligands in the Eu(NO3)(TEMA)2+complex.
Inclusion Complexation of Methyl Orange with β-Cyclodextrin in a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Ide Tatsuhiro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
The inclusion complexation of Methyl Orange (MO) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was studied spectrophotometrically in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) which is a typical room-temperature ionic liquid. It was found that MO forms a 1:2 inclusion complex with β-CD in [bmim]BF4. A large association constant was obtained, suggesting a high degree of stability of the inclusion complex between MO and β-CD in [bmim]BF4. Based on the results, the inclusion behavior of β-CD in the ionic liquid was discussed.
Extraction of Sodium Picrate from Water into Nitrobenzene in the Presence of Dibenzo-21-Crown-7
Authors: Makrlík E. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
From extraction experiments with 22Na as a tracer, the extraction constant corresponding to the equilibrium Na+(aq) + A−(aq) + L(nb) ⇔ NaL+(nb) + A−(nb) taking place in the two-phase water–nitrobenzene system (A− = picrate, L = dibenzo-21-crown-7; aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) was evaluated as logK
ex(NaL+,A−) = 1.9±0.1. Further, the stability constant of the dibenzo-21-crown-7-sodium complex in nitrobenzene saturated with water was calculated for a temperature of 25 °C log β
nb(NaL+) = 7.1±0.1.
Mild developmental delay in terminal chromosome 6p deletion
Authors: Chen Kelly M. , Cherry Athena M. , Hahn Jin S. , Enns Gregory M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDeletions involving the short arm of chromosome 6 are relatively rare. Although features of this condition are variable, common findings include developmental delay, ocular abnormalities, hearing loss, and cardiac defects. In an effort to define further the clinical variability of this condition, we report a 6‐year‐old female with a de novo terminal deletion of chromosome 6 at band 6p24, with mild gross motor delays and normal cognition. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radial Particle Profiles in a Liquid‐Solid CFB with Varying Viscosity
Authors: Zheng Y. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFlow structure was characterized in a 76 mm diameter by 2.0 m high liquid‐solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) with different viscous liquids ranging from 1.0 mPa·s to 4.8 mPa·s. Measurements of mean and local solids holdup were carried out in the axial and the radial direction, respectively. The results showed that a uniform axial and a nonuniform radial distribution of the time‐averaged solids holdup appeared in the LSCFB. The viscosity of the liquid phase reduces the nonuniform distribution of solid particles in the radial direction. By examining the instantaneous data signals, flow behavior in a viscous system was found to be more uniform and less vigorous. To further understand the hydrodynamics in a LSCFB, Hurst's rescaled range (R/S) analysis was also adopted to analyze its stochastic characteristics and the local flow properties.
Study of Binary‐Solid Liquid Fluidized Beds
Authors: Asif M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA proper characterization of the hydrodynamics of binary‐solid liquid fluidized beds is an important first step in its effective utilization. Of particular importance in this connection is to be able to predict the unique hydrodynamic phenomenon of the layer‐inversion, which is associated with the change of the stratification pattern of the two solid species in the fluidized bed brought about due to a change either in the liquid velocity or the bed composition. Past few years have witnessed the development of several models for the prediction of the layer‐inversion phenomenon. It is, therefore, important to analyze their predictions in the light of the growing wealth of the literature data. Such an exercise is important to examine the underlying assumptions and propose modifications to improve their predictive capability. Predictions of well‐known layer‐inversion models are compared with the experimental data reported in the literature including our own which comprises of solid species of widely different size, and therefore, provide an important test of predictive capability of models.
Chemical Recycling and Kinetics of Aqueous Alkaline Depolymerization of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Waste
Authors: Goje A.S. , Chauhan Y.P. , Mishra S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDepolymerization reactions of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) waste in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were carried out in a batch reactor at 80–140 °C at atmospheric pressure by varying PBT particle size in the range of 50–512.5 μm. Reaction time was also varied from 10–110 min to understand the influence of PBT particle size and reaction time on the batch reactor performance. Agitator speed, particle size of PBT and reaction time required were optimized. Disodium terephthalate (salt) and 1,4‐butanediol (BD) remain in the liquid phase. BD was recovered by the salting‐out method. Disodium terephthalate was separated by acidification to obtain solid terephthalic acid (TPA). The produced monomeric products (TPA and BD) and PBT were analyzed. The yields of TPA and BD were in agreement with PBT conversion. The depolymerization reaction rate was first order to PBT concentration as well as first order to sodium hydroxide concentration. The acid value of TPA changes with the reaction time as well as particle size of PBT. This indicates that PBT molecules get fragmented and hydrolyze simultaneously with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce BD and disodium terephthalate. Activation energy, Arrhenius constant, equilibrium constant, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. The dependence of the hydrolysis rate constant on reaction temperature was correlated by the Arrhenius plot, which shows an activation energy of 25 kJ/mol and an Arrhenius constant of 438 L/min/cm2.
Photo‐Fenton Remediation of Wastewaters Containing Silicones: Experimental Study and Neural Network Modeling
Authors: Teixeira A.C.S.C. , Guardani R. , Nascimento C.A.O. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe present work is aimed at the investigation of the photo‐Fenton technology with regard to the remediation of diluted aqueous emulsions containing an aminosilicone polymer, in a bench‐scale photochemical reactor. The experimental results show a strong interaction between temperature, light, Fe(II) and H2O2 concentrations on the degradation process, which generates substances that might be readily biodegradable and/or a solid phase that is easily separated by simple mechanical operations. The neural network technique is an effective, simple approach to successfully modeling the photo‐Fenton degradation system, in which thermal and photochemical reactions and related phenomena (such as solid precipitation) take place. The model might therefore be useful in process optimization, as well as in the design and scaleup of photochemical reactors for industrial application.
Phase Transfer Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Chalcones Using Chiral Crown Ethers Derived from D‐Glucose and D‐Mannose.
Authors: Bako Peter , Bako Tibor , Meszaros Attila , Keglevich Gyoergy , Szoellosy Aron , Bodor Sandor , Mako Attila , Toke Laszlo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Mercaptopurine and Thioguanine Analogues: The Reaction of Dimethyl N‐Cyanodithioiminocarbonate with Oxo‐ and Amino‐diazoles.
Authors: Alqaradawi Siham Y. , Elgemeie Galal H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of N‐Arylated Sultams: Palladium‐ and Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides with 1,4‐Butane and 1,3‐Propanesultams.
Authors: Steinhuebel Dietrich , Palucki Michael , Askin David , Dolling Ulf 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zirconium(IV) Chloride as a New, Highly Efficient, and Reusable Catalyst for Acetylation of Phenols, Thiols, Amines, and Alcohols under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Chakraborti Asit K. , Gulhane Rajesh 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zinc Metal Promoted Selective α‐Haloacylation and gem‐Bisacylation of Alkyl Aldehydes in the Presence of Chlorotrimethylsilane.
Authors: Ishino Yoshio , Mihara Masatoshi , Takeuchi Takeshi , Takemoto Masanobu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Ethyl α‐Cyanocinnamates Catalyzed by K2O—Al2O3 Using Grinding Method.
Authors: Wang Shu‐Xiang , Li Ji‐Tai , Yang Wen‐Zhi , Yin Ya‐Hui , Xie Zi‐Hui 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carbocupration of Fluoroalkylated Internal Alkynes: A Short Total Synthesis of the Antiestrogenic Drug Panomifene.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Daitoh Takeshi , Noiri Atsushi , Chae Jungha , Ishihara Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Formal [3 + 2] Alkene Addition to Benzhydrol Cations. A Practical and Mild Methodology for the Synthesis of Substituted 1‐Arylindanes and Related Compounds.
Authors: Lantano Beatriz , Aguirre Jose M. , Finkielsztein Liliana , Alesso Elba N. , Brunet Ernesto , Moltrasio Graciela Y. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2,2′‐Bipyrroles and 2,2′‐Thienylpyrroles from Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes and 2‐Cyanoheteroles.
Authors: Yu Ming , Pantos G. Dan , Sessler Jonathan L. , Pagenkopf Brian L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Carbazoles via an Intramolecular Cyclization of 2‐(6‐Substituted 3(Z)‐Hexen‐1,5‐diynyl)anilines and Their Related Molecules.
Authors: Lee Chia‐Ying , Lin Chi‐Fong , Lee Jeng‐Lin , Chiu Ching‐Chen , Lu Wen‐Der , Wu Ming‐Jung 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Synthetic Phosphocholine Lipid‐AZT Conjugate that Double‐Targets Wild‐Type and Drug Resistant Variants of HIV.
Authors: Kucera Louis S. , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Ishaq Khalid S. , Hes Jan , Lyer Nathan , Furman Phillip A. , Fleming Ronald A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CCR5 Antagonists as anti‐HIV‐1 Agents. Part 1. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5‐Oxopyrrolidine‐3‐carboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: Imamura Shinichi , Ishihara Yuji , Hattori Taeko , Kurasawa Osamu , Matsushita Yoshihiro , Sugihara Yoshihiro , Kanzaki Naoyuki , Iizawa Yuji , Baba Masanori , Hashiguchi Shohei 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Selective Azasugar‐Based TACE Inhibitors.
Authors: Tsukida Takahiro , Moriyama Hideki , Inoue Yoshimasa , Kondo Hirosato , Yoshino Kohichiro , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Role of glial amino acid transporters in synaptic transmission and brain energetics
Authors: Marcaggi Païkan , Attwell David 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis article reviews how the uptake of neurotransmitter by glial amino acid transporters limits the spatial spread of transmitter to preserve the independent operation of nearby synapses, temporally shapes postsynaptic currents, and regulates the effects of tonic transmitter release. We demonstrate the importance of amino acid uptake and recycling mechanisms for preventing the loss of energetically costly neurotransmitter from the brain, and also examine the suggestion that glutamate uptake into glia plays a key role in regulating the energy production of the brain. Finally, we assess the role of glial amino acid transporters in transmitter recycling pathways. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astrocyte responses to neuronal activity
Authors: Schipke Carola G. , Kettenmann Helmut 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDuring the past few years, it has been established that astrocytes sense neuronal activity and are involved in signal transmission. Neuronal stimulation triggered electrophysiological and/or Ca2+ responses in astrocyte cultures and in acute brain slices. Present even within one given brain region, different pathways of neuron‐to‐astrocyte communication involving different receptor systems have been described. These mechanisms include glutamatergic and NO‐mediated signaling. Neuron‐to‐astrocyte signaling can be confined to subcellular compartments, the microdomains, or it can activate the entire cell. It can even trigger a multicellular response in astrocytes, a Ca2+ wave. This form of astrocyte long‐range signal propagation can occur independently, in pure astrocyte cultures, but it can also be triggered by neuronal activity. Astrocytes also exhibit spontaneous Ca2+ activity. Neuronal activity in acute brain slices can organize this activity into complex synchronous networks. One of the functional consequences of neuron‐to‐astrocyte signaling might be the neuronal control of microcirculation using astrocytes as a mediator. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.