bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Storage Conditions on Gut Microbiota Data
Authors: Sugino Kameron Y. , Comstock Sarah S. 
Published: November 2023

The gut microbiome is highly variable between individuals, and the methods used to gather microbiome data can add to the inherent variability. Identifying which aspects of sample collection, processing and sequencing introduce bias is important for microbiome studies. Here, we compare microbiota data of a fecal sample stored at either room temperature (RT, n=4) or −80□ (Frozen, n=4) for 4 days before extraction. Samples were extracted using either the Qiagen (n=2 from each storage group) or Norgen (n=2 from each storage group) stool extraction kit. A 16S rRNA gene library was created and sequence data generated on the Illumina MiSeq platform before being processed in Mothur. AMOVA and metastats commands in Mothur were used to compare community and taxon abundance, respectively. Comparing bacterial communities between storage groups, there were no significant differences between room temperature and frozen samples. At the genus level, 4 of 114 were significantly different between groups, each comprising <1% of the total abundance except for Clostridium cluster XI, which was present at 3.5% in the frozen samples and 0.9% in the room temperature samples (p<0.05). There is no difference in overall community composition when storing fecal samples at room temperature or at −80□ for 4 days. There are some differences in rarer taxa, but none of them comprised more than 4% of the whole community. In conclusion, storage of fecal samples for microbiota community sequencing at room temperature is comparable to storage at −80□ over 4 days if rarer taxa are not as important as whole community composition. This validation confirmed that 4 days of sample delivery transit time is acceptable for sample collection in our ARCHGUT and BABYGUT cohort studies.Support or Funding InformationMichigan State University
Adherence to sugar‐sweetened beverages recommendations among Mexican adults with self‐reported Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Soto Tania C Aburto , Poti Jennifer M , Mendez Michelle A , Popkin Barry M 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDiabetes is the leading cause of disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) in Mexico, and the second cause of mortality, with an estimated prevalence of 9.2% self‐reported diabetic adults and a total prevalence of at least 14%. Consuming sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to elevated blood glucose levels and increased insulin resistance in diabetic patients. While there is evidence of the high contribution of SSBs to daily energy intakes in the Mexican population, there are no known studies that have focused on SSBs intake of self‐reported diabetics. Thus, understanding the adherence of this high‐risk population to SSBs recommendations would help to identify a potential strategy to improve their glycemic control.ObjectiveTo describe SSBs consumption patterns among self‐reported type 2 diabetics (T2D), and estimate the association between self‐reported T2D status and the adherence to SSBs recommendations.MethodsWe used 24‐hour dietary recalls from adults 20 years and older (n=2,852) from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey to estimate SSB energy contribution to total daily energy intake. Adherence to recommendations was defined as SSBs intake of less than 3% of total energy intake. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the difference in prevalence of adherence to SSBs recommendations for adults with and without self‐reported T2D. Effect estimates were adjusted for education, socioeconomic status, area of residence (urban/rural), age, BMI, sex, and self‐reported hypertension.ResultsIn 2012, 9.5% (95% CI: 8.0, 11.4%) of adults self‐reported having a T2D diagnosis. On one given day, SSBs energy intake of adults with self‐reported T2D was significantly lower than for adults without self‐reported T2D (108 kcal/d, 95% CI: 85, 132 vs.183 kcal/d, 95% CI: 172, 195). The percent of energy intake from SSBs was also lower for self‐diagnosed T2D (7.0%, 95% CI: 5.3, 8.7) compared to their counterparts not reporting T2D (9.3%, 95% CI: 8.8, 9.8). After adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of adults with self‐reported T2D that complied with the SSBs intake recommendation was 44% (95% CI: 34, 54) compared to 29% (95% CI: 26, 32) of adults without self‐reported T2D, with a significant prevalence difference of 15.3 percentage points (95% CI: 5.3, 25%).DiscussionThese results suggest that knowledge of T2D status is favorably associated with lower SSBs intake in Mexican adults. Nonetheless, more concerted public health efforts are needed to achieve a higher compliance to SSBs recommendations and a lower contribution of SSBs to energy intake in this population.Support or Funding InformationSupport comes primarily from the Bloomberg Philanthropies (grants to UNC and CINyS INSP), with support from the NIH R01DK108148, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Grant 71698), and the Carolina Population Center and its NIH Center grant (P2C HD0550924).
Total Fluid Intake, Water and Sweet Beverages Intake: From a Median Intake to Identifying the Proportion of Individuals potential at Risk
Authors: Guelinckx Isabelle , Vecchio Mariacristina , Perrier Erica Taylor , Morin Clémentine 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSELow fluid intake has recently been associated with increased risk of chronic diseases. However, only few and sparse data on total fluid intake (TFI) are available in the general population. The aim was to evaluate the proportion of individuals with a low total fluid intake (TFI; sum of drinking water and all other beverages) and a daily SSB intake in a large international sampleMETHODS8 339 female and 7 227 male adults (≥18yr; 39.6 ± 14 yr) recruited in the Liq.In7 cross sectional survey in 13 countries in Asia, Europe and South America completed a 7 day fluid specific record. Visuals of standard containers were presented to increase the accuracy of reported TFI. An adequate TFI was defined as intake ≥ 80% of the adequate intake (AI) of total water set by European Food Safety Authority. A low intake was defines as a TFI < 1,2L/d since this intake level has been associated with elevated plasma cortisol, creatinine and arginine vasopressin (Perrier et al. 2013). The cut‐off of ≥1 daily serving (250 mL/d) of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB; sum of carbonated and non‐carbonated soft drinks, juices and flavored water) was considered since the risk for metabolic diseases was increased as of this intake level (Malik et al, 2010; Dhingra et al, 2007).RESULTSMedian TFI, water and SSB intake was respectively 1.8 L/d, 0.6 L/d and 0.2 L/d with no significant gender difference for TFI (p=0.5760) and SSB (p=0.6431). However median drinking water intake of women (median (95% CI): 0,64 (0,82–0,86) L/d) was higher than that of men (0,61 L/d (0,76–0,79) L/d; p<0.0001). On one hand 22% of woman and 24% of men consumed less than 1 serving/d of water, and on the other hand one fourth of female and male sample consumed respectively more than 1.18 L/d and 1.09 L/d of water. 39% of female and 57% of male sample has mean intake below the AI for fluid intake, and a low intake among 20% of the sample. One fourth of the sample had a mean TFI higher than 2.5 L/day, and 5% even higher than 3.8 L/d. 49% of the sample consumed ≥ 1 serving of SSB/day and one fourth of sample consumed more than 0.56 L/d of SSB.CONCLUSIONDespite the fact that some of these cut‐offs are based on emerging science and these results suggested that in at libitum conditions a relatively high proportion of individuals chronically consumed low volumes of TFI and drinking water. A low TFI, water intake and low urine volume have been linked to an increased risk of kidney diseases. A daily SSB intake has been linked to diabetes risk, a consumption level observed in half of the sample. Besides this pooled analysis, additional analysis should be performed to compare the intakes by country.Support or Funding InformationThis work is support by Danone Research
A Year‐long Trial to Examine the Effects of a Daily Dose of Walnuts on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in an Elderly Population
Authors: Al Abdrabalnabi Ahmed , Bitok Edward , Rajaram Sujatha , Rizzo Nico , Sabaté Joan 
Published: November 2023

Background/ObjectiveLong‐term observational studies and short‐term intervention trials have linked nut consumption with improved cardiometabolic risk factors. However, long‐term trials on nut intake and cardiometabolic risk are lacking. We conducted a year‐long trial to examine the effects of a daily dose of walnuts on cardiometabolic risk markers in an elderly population.MethodsA total of 356 participants (Ages 62–79) were randomly assigned to a walnut or control group. Participants in the walnut group were provided with packaged walnuts (1, 1.5, or 2 oz.) and asked to incorporate into their daily habitual diet. The walnut supplement provided an estimated 15% of their daily energy. Participants in the control group were asked to continue with their habitual diet and to refrain from eating walnuts or excessive intake of other nuts. Both groups were asked to maintain their lifestyles. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and one year and assayed for total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Blood pressure and waist circumference measurements were obtained at baseline and one year. Data was analyzed using logistic regression and t‐test.ResultsA total of 314 participants completed the study. Data from five participants was incomplete, thus the final sample for this analysis was 309 (155 walnut, 154 control, 66% female). Triglycerides decreased significantly in the walnut group compared to control [−8.41 mg/dl (95% CI −15.54, −1.29 & P=0.02). This was accompanied by a non‐significant decrease in total cholesterol [−3.49 mg/dl (95% CI −9.94, 2.96, & P=0.29), LDL‐cholesterol (−2.40 mg/dl | 95% CI −7.73, 2.93 P=0.38), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−1.25 mm/Hg | 95% CI −4.96, 2.47 P=0.51), and diastolic blood pressure (−1.62 mm/Hg | 95% CI −3.91, 0.67 & P= 0.17). HDL‐cholesterol increased modestly in the walnut group (+0.35 mg/dl | 95% CI −1.08, 1.78 & P= 0.38). Fasting glucose levels also increased in the walnut group although not significantly (FGL) (+1.82 mg/dl | 95% CI −0.67, 4.32 & P= 0.15). There were no significant between‐group differences in waist circumference.ConclusionSupplementing the diet of older adults with a daily dose of walnuts and no other dietary advice can result in improved blood lipids and blood pressure without adverse effects on waist circumference.Support or Funding InformationThe study is funded by the California Walnut Commission.
Consumption of up to Three Eggs per Day Increases Dietary Cholesterol and Choline while Plasma LDL Cholesterol and Trimethylamine N‐oxide Concentrations Are Not Increased in a Young, Healthy Population
Authors: Lemos Bruno S , DiMarco Diana M , Missimer Amanda , Murillo Ana Gabriela , Malysheva Olga V , Caudill Marie A , Blesso Christopher N , Fernandez Maria Luz 
Published: November 2023

Eggs are a source of many nutrients, including cholesterol and choline, thus there is uncertainty regarding the impact of egg intake on plasma lipids and the choline metabolite trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO). In particular, it has not been established whether there is a dose‐dependency between egg consumption and changes in plasma lipids and plasma TMAO concentrations. Therefore, the effects of increasing daily egg intake on biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty‐eight subjects (19 men/19 women, 24.1 ± 2.2 y, BMI 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were recruited for this 14‐week crossover intervention. Participants underwent a 2‐week washout period with no egg consumption (0 eggs/d), followed by the intake of 1, 2, and 3 eggs/d for 4 weeks each. Anthropometric data (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)), blood pressure (BP), dietary records, and plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, liver enzymes, C‐reactive protein (CRP), choline, and TMAO) were assessed following each study period. BMI, WC, systolic BP, plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, liver enzymes, and CRP were unchanged during the intervention. Diastolic BP decreased with increasing egg intake (p < 0.05). Intake of nutrients present in eggs (fat, cholesterol, choline, selenium, and vitamin D) increased with egg intake (p < 0.05) while carbohydrate and fiber intake and glycemic load decreased (p < 0.05). Compared to 0 eggs/d, intake of 1 egg/d increased HDL cholesterol (HDL‐c) (p < 0.05); HDL‐c remained elevated with intake of 2–3 eggs/d. Compared to 0 eggs, Intake of 1 egg/d resulted in a 10.9% decrease in plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL‐c) (p < 0.05) while there was no difference in LDL‐c between intake of 0, 2, or 3 eggs/d. Intake of 1–3 eggs/d also resulted in a decreased LDL‐c/HDL‐c ratio (p < 0.01) when compared to 0 eggs/d. Lastly, plasma choline increased (p < 0.0001) in a dose‐dependent manner with egg intake but remained within established normal ranges, while fasting plasma TMAO did not change. These data indicate that intake of up to 3 eggs/d results in an overall beneficial effect on biomarkers associated with CVD risk in a healthy population, as documented by increased HDL‐c and plasma choline and reductions in the LDL‐c/HDL‐c ratio, in combination with unchanged plasma LDL‐c and TMAO concentrations.Support or Funding InformationThis research was funded by an award to MLF by the Esperance Family Foundation and a grant awarded to DMD by the Egg Nutrition Center.
A 12‐week Randomised Controlled Trial to Evaluate Effects of Dietary Pulse Consumption on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Hill Alison M , Zahradka Peter , Coates Alison M , Howe Peter RC , Taylor Carla G , Buckley Jon D 
Published: November 2023

Pulses are rich in soluble fiber, protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and low in sodium and saturated fat. Some studies have reported that pulse (or legume) consumption improves lipid and glucose control, and there is emerging evidence that pulses may improve vascular health. The aim of the present study was to determine whether modest increases in pulse consumption could improve traditional cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors in older, overweight adults. This study was a multi‐site, 12 week randomized controlled trial conducted in Australia (n=74) and Canada (n=66). One hundred and forty adults (63.0 ± 7.2 years, BMI 31.5 ± 4.0 kg/m2) who were habitually low pulse consumers (i.e. ≤ ½ cup of pulses per week) were randomized to incorporate commercially available pulse‐enriched foods [~100g/day (i.e. ¾ cup/day) pulses] or energy‐matched control foods into their usual diet for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, lipids, glucose, insulin and C‐reactive protein were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Five‐day weighed food records captured dietary data at baseline and Week 12 (data currently available for Australian cohort only). Pulse intake increased significantly in the Pulse vs Control group by week 12 (109 ± 39g vs. 2 ± 11g, respectively P<0.001). CV risk factors did not change in either group by Week 12. However, there was a significant inverse relationship between changes in pulse intake (g) and changes in plasma triglyceride levels (r = −0.23, P=0.036) after controlling for changes in carbohydrate intake. Data from the Australian Cohort suggest a dose‐response effect of pulse consumption on circulating triglycerides. Larger intakes of pulses may be required to facilitate changes in other CV risk factors. Our data indicate that the health effects associated with incorporating higher levels of pulses into the diet can be effectively obtained by employing canned pulses.Support or Funding InformationGrain Research Development Corporation, Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology (DFEEST) and Manitoba Science, Energy & Technology (International Collaboration Fund)
Substitution Of Carbohydrate With Whole Eggs Or Egg Whites Attenuates Postprandial Hyperglycemia‐Mediated Impairments In Vascular Endothelial Function In Prediabetic Men By Limiting Lipid Peroxidation And Dysregulated Arginine Metabolism
Authors: McDonald Joshua D , Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn , Li Jinhui , Volek Jeff S , Ballard Kevin D , Bruno Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Eggs attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH), a predictor of cardiovascular disease‐related mortality. We hypothesized that acute ingestion of egg‐based meals with a glucose challenge would protect against PPH‐mediated impairments in vascular endothelial function (VEF) by attenuating lipid peroxidation and dysregulated arginine metabolism. A randomized, cross‐over study was conducted in prediabetic men (n = 20) who ingested isocaloric meals (400 kcal) containing 100 g glucose (GLU), or 75 g glucose with 1.5 whole eggs (EGG), 7 egg whites (WHITE), or 2 egg yolks (YOLK). Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), plasma glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory proteins, and arginine (ARG) and its related metabolites [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA); homoarginine (hARG)] that regulate nitric oxide (NO•) biosynthesis were assessed to calculate postprandial AUC0–180 min. Compared with GLU, FMDAUC was higher (P<0.01) in EGG and WHITE only. Glucose, insulin, and MDA AUCs were lower (P<0.05) in EGG and WHITE only. Compared to GLU, ARGAUC was similarly higher (P<0.01) in EGG and YOLK, but highest in WHITE. AUCs of ADMA/ARG, SDMA/ARG, and hARG/ARG were lower (P<0.01) in EGG and YOLK, and lowest in WHITE. GlucoseAUC correlated with MDAAUC (r = 0.36; P<0.01), and each correlated with ADMA/ARGAUC (r = 0.29–0.34; P<0.05) whereas only glucoseAUC correlated with SDMA/ARG (r = 0.29, P<0.05). Inflammatory proteins (C‐reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, TNFα) were unaffected (P>0.05) by all egg meals. Substituting carbohydrate with whole eggs, likely through its egg white fraction, protects against impairments in VEF in prediabetic men independent of inflammation by reducing PPH that otherwise increases lipid peroxidation and alters arginine availability for NO• synthesis by nitric oxide synthase.Support or Funding InformationSupported by American Egg Board/Egg Nutrition Center.
The role of milk fat globule membranes in behavior and cognitive function using a suckling rat pup supplementation model
Authors: Brink Lauren Roukia , Lonnerdal Bo 
Published: November 2023

Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) surround droplets delivering lipids to the breast‐fed infant and are enriched with glycoproteins upon exocytosis out of the mammary cell. Its diverse array of proteins provided by the lipid bilayer of the mammary epithelial cells, along with the lipid compounds it contains, is thought to play an influential role in infant development. MFGM is typically removed during processing of cow milk for the generation of infant formula. Recent clinical trials have found that formula supplemented with bovine MFGM improved cognition. Here, we aimed to determine the mechanisms behind this improved developmental outcome. Sprague Dawley rats were bred and their litters were culled to either 10 pups to represent normal growth (N) or 16 pups to represent restricted growth (R) per dam. From postnatal day (PD) 2, pups were supplemented daily by oral gavage with MFGM or whey protein (control) at 100 mg/kg body weight. Pups were supplemented until PD13 and killed or supplemented until PD21 and then later exposed to cognitive testing (Tmaze and Passive avoidance). The R whey protein supplemented animals had lower Tmaze scores than the N whey protein animals. The R MFGM supplemented animals, however, did not show a decrease in cognitive scores. Restricted growth affected the passive avoidance test scores as well; however, an effect of the MFGM supplement was not seen. At PD14, MFGM was shown to increase mRNA expression of genes involved in brain function in both N & R animals, including BDNF (1.25‐fold change (fc) N, 1.48 fc R), St8sia4 (1.67 fc N) and Glutamate Receptor‐1 (1.71 fc N, 1.54 fc R) (P<0.01). Our findings suggest that MFGM plays an influential role in cognitive development by up‐regulating proteins involved in brain function.Support or Funding InformationArla Foods
Conceptualizations of Nutrition and Food Choice Behaviors Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tinago Chiwoneso Beverley , Ingram Lucy Annang , Frongillo Edward A. , Blake Christine E. , Engelsmann Barbara , Simmons David 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe latest Zimbabwe National Nutrition Strategy highlights that malnutrition is one of the most serious health problems affecting women of child‐bearing age in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, adolescence is a critical phase for improving nutrition status, yet little is understood about adolescent girls' and young women's perspectives on nutrition, a key component to aid in improving nutritional status. The research study took an emic approach to understand and describe how adolescent girls and young women (14–24 years) in Harare, Zimbabwe conceptualize nutrition and how these conceptualizations inform their food choice behaviors.MethodsSemi‐structured, in‐depth, qualitative interviews were conducted in both Shona and English with adolescent girls and young women aged 14–24 years (N=48) who lived in two low‐income high‐density communities in Harare. Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 10 software.ResultsNutrition was mainly conceptualized in terms of the characteristics and utility of food with adolescent girls and young women in the study conceptualizing nutrition across four themes; health, nutritious food (Chikafu chinovaka muviri ‐ Food that builds the body), affordability and availability of nutritious food, and food that fills you up. Participants aged 14–20 years primarily conceptualized nutrition in terms of a balanced diet, while those aged 21–24 years emphasized health and the affordability and availability of nutritious food. Most participants identified traditional home‐cooked meals such as sadza (maize staple food), rice with peanut butter, fruits, pumpkin leaves, and wild vegetables as the main sources of nutrition. The affordability and availability of nutritious food also impacted participants' meal planning. Although most participants aged 14–20 years described that other family members mostly decided what they ate, they were the ones who cooked most of the family meals. Among participants who chose what to cook, they described how planning for meals occurred daily and this was dependent on what food was available in the home. Most also described how, besides the readily stocked staple foods like sadza, they purchased additional food ingredients daily.ConclusionsFuture approaches to improve nutritional status among adolescent girls and young women in Zimbabwe should acknowledge the socio‐cultural views concerning nutrition and target social networks and the additional structural environmental influences on food choice behaviors. Study findings will be used to inform approaches to strengthen efforts to improve the nutritional status of adolescent girls and young women in Zimbabwe.Support or Funding InformationThis research was funded by the Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science at the New York Academy of Sciences.