bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rating the Importance of Nursing Home Residents' Quality of Life
Authors: Kane Robert L. , Rockwood Todd , Hyer Kathryn , Desjardins Karen , Brassard Andrea , Gessert Charles , Kane Rosalie 
Published: October 2005

Objectives: To assess how various stakeholders involved with nursing home care rate the importance of various quality‐of‐life (QoL) items for hypothetical residents with varying types of impairment.Design: A community‐based exploratory description of a convenience sample.Setting: Eleven nursing homes in Florida, New Jersey, and Minnesota.Participants: Samples of registered and licensed nurses (RNs and LPNs), certified nursing assistants (CNAs), activities personnel, social workers, physicians, residents, and family members.Measurements: Using a magnitude estimation approach, 17 QoL items were rated in order of importance on each of three hypothetical types of nursing home residents.Results: Overall, there was little variation in the ratings for individual items. Ratings for persons with cognitive impairment were consistently lower. RNs'/LPNs' and CNAs' ratings were generally higher than the others, and physicians' ratings were generally lower. Residents' and families' ratings were generally lower than nurses' ratings.Conclusion: All stakeholders considered QoL to be important and felt that it deserves more attention in practice and regulation. A summary QoL score need not be weighted. Respondents (who were not cognitively impaired) considered QoL less important for residents with cognitive impairment. Value differences between those involved in nursing home care deserve more exploration.
Host response to microbial challenge following resective/non‐resective periodontal therapy
Authors: Zitzmann N. U. , Lindhe J. , Berglundh T. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground: The host response to microbial challenge depends on the recruitment of homing leucocytes and may be related to the experience to infectious insults over years.Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the soft tissue reactions to de novo plaque formation at sites treated with either open flap debridement or with the use of resective means during periodontal therapy.Material and Methods: Fifteen patients, who had been treated for periodontal disease (severe generalized chronic periodontitis), participated in the study. Surgical therapy was performed using either gingivectomy (GV) or open flap debridement (OFD) procedures in a split mouth design. After 6 months of healing (day 0), two gingival biopsies were obtained, one from the GV‐ and one from the OFD‐treated sites. The experimental gingivitis model was applied and plaque accumulation was allowed for 3 weeks. New biopsies were obtained from the remaining quadrants on day 21 of plaque formation. The biopsies were snap frozen and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis.Results: Following 3 weeks of plaque accumulation, the size of the lesion in OFD sites was more than twice as large than that in GV sites (0.42 versus 0.19 mm2). In the GV units, the lesion was characterized by almost similar proportions of T cells (CD3+, 6.0%) and B cells (CD19+, 6.6%), while the ICT in OFD sites was dominated by B cells (13.8%). During the 3‐week period of plaque formation the increase in cell densities of T and B cells was three times larger in OFD than in GV sites. The proportion of ELAM‐1 (CD62+ cells) decreased in GV (−0.4%) and increased in OFD (0.9%) sites.Conclusions: The host response that occurred in the gingival sites treated with OFD was more pronounced than the reaction that under similar experimental conditions took place in the regenerated gingiva at sites treated by resective means.
Removal of Streptococcus mutans biofilm by bubbles
Authors: Parini Michael R. , Eggett Dennis L. , Pitt William G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground: Air bubbles had been shown to remove particles and bacteria from surfaces, but they had not yet been studied regarding the removal of mature biofilm from a surface.Methods: Streptococcus mutans were grown as a biofilm on glass coverslips and were exposed to a fluid stream with or without bubbles. Three parameters (stream velocity, gas fraction, and bubble size) were varied in the bubble stream to determine which conditions best remove the biofilm.Results: At low velocities bubbles enhance biofilm removal compared with the liquid alone. Stream conditions that were shown to be the most effective in removing biofilm were large bubbles at low gas fractions.Conclusions: These results suggest that flowing bubble streams may be a desirable feature to incorporate into oral hygiene products to remove accumulated biofilms such as dental plaque.
The effectiveness of self‐performed mechanical plaque control with triclosan containing dentifrices
Authors: Hioe KPKJ , van der Weijden GA 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:  Objective:  To assess the effectiveness of self‐performed mechanical plaque control with triclosan (5‐chloro‐2‐(2,4 dichlorophenoxy)phenol) containing dentifrice.Search strategy:  An electronic search of the National Library of Medicine, Washington DC (Medline‐PubMed; up to and including March 2005) was performed using specific search terms to identify clinical trials of ≥6 months in duration, which assessed the effect of various forms of plaque control in gingivitis subjects. In those trials the manual toothbrush group (frequently the control group) served to provide data for the assessment of the effectiveness of self‐performed mechanical plaque control with a triclosan‐containing dentifrice. The data were analysed depending on the (baseline) intervention, being either a professional oral hygiene instructions, a prophylaxis, or both.Data collection and analysis:  Two reviewers extracted information (KPKJH and GAW). Where appropriate plaque and gingivitis data for baseline and end‐trial were used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) with the appropriate 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effect models.Main results:  Of 105 titles and abstracts, 18 trials were found suitable for clinical data were extracted. Meta‐analysis were conducted. In studies (n = 9) evaluating a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice, plaque control [Quigley and Hein (1962) Journal of American Dental Association, Vol. 65: pp. 26–29] was significantly improved compared with a control fluoride dentifrice, with a WMD of −0.48 (95% CI: −0.73 to −0.24). For gingival inflammation as assessed with the gingival index [Löe and Silness (1963) Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, Vol. 21: pp. 533–551] a significant WMD of −0.24 (95% CI: −0.35 to −0.13) was found. From studies (n = 6) evaluating the Triclosan zinc/citrate dentifrices a small but significant WMD for plaque control [Silness and Löe (1964) Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, Vol. 22: pp. 121–135] was observed in favour of the test group as compared with the standard fluoride dentifrice formulations (WMD −0.07, 95% CI: −0.10 to 0.05). While at baseline the proportion of bleeding was comparable, at the end of the studies a significant −10.81% WMD (95% CI: −12.69 to −8.93) in favour of the triclosan/zinc citrate dentifrice was observed.Conclusion:  This systematic review indicates, based on studies ≥6 months of duration in adults with gingivitis, that the effectiveness of self‐performed mechanical plaque control with a triclosan‐containing dentifrice, had a significant albeit small positive effect on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.
The Physiological Role of Androgens in Penile Erection: Regulation of Corpus Cavernosum Structure and Function
Authors: Traish Abdulmaged , Kim Noel 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Traish A, Kim N. The physiological role of androgens in penile erection: regulation of corpus cavernosum structure and function. J Sex Med 2005;2:759–770
It is generally accepted that androgens are critical for development, growth, and maintenance of penile erectile tissue. However, their role in erectile function, especially in humans, remains controversial. Clinical and preclinical studies have suggested that venoocclusion is modulated by the tone of the vascular smooth muscle of the resistance arteries and the cavernosal tissue and a balance between trabecular smooth muscle content and connective tissue matrix. In men with erectile dysfunction, venous leakage is thought to be a common condition among nonresponders to medical management and is attributed to penile smooth muscle atrophy. In the animal model, androgen deprivation produces penile tissue atrophy concomitant with alterations in dorsal nerve structure, endothelial morphology, reduction in trabecular smooth muscle content, and increased deposition of extracellular matrix. Further, androgen deprivation results in accumulation of fat-containing cells (adipocytes) in the subtunical region of the corpus cavernosum. Androgen deficiency diminishes protein expression and enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and nNOS) and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). The androgen-dependent loss of erectile response is restored by androgen administration but not by administration of PDE5 inhibitors alone. These data suggest that androgens regulate trabecular smooth muscle growth and connective tissue protein synthesis in the corpus cavernosum. Further, androgens may stimulate differentiation of progenitor cells into smooth muscle cells and inhibit their differentiation into adipocytes. Thus, we conclude that androgens exert a direct effect on penile tissue to maintain erectile function and that androgen-deficiency produces a metabolic and structural imbalance in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in venous leakage and erectile dysfunction.
Host range, vector relationships and sequence comparison of a begomovirus infecting hibiscus in India
Authors: Rajeshwari R. , Reddy R.V.C. , Maruthi M.N. , Colvin J. , Seal S.E. , Muniyappa V. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHibiscus leaf curl disease (HLCuD) occurs widely in India. Infected hibiscus plants show vein thickening, upward curling of leaves and enations on the abaxial leaf surface, reduction in leaf size and stunting. The commonly‐occurring weeds (Ageratum conyzoides, Croton bonplandianum and Euphorbia geniculata), Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana glutinosa and Nicotiana tabacum (var. Samsun, Xanthi), cotton and tomato were shown to be susceptible to HLCuD. One of the four species of hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis) and 75 of the 101 commercial hybrids/varieties grown in the Bangalore area of southern India were also susceptible. Two virus isolates associated with HLCuD from Bangalore, South India (Ban), and Bhubaneswar, North India (Bhu), were detected serologically and by PCR‐mediated amplification of virus genomes. The isolates were characterised by sequencing a fragment of DNA‐A component (1288 nucleotides) and an associated satellite DNA molecule of 682 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses of these DNA‐A sequences clustered them with Old World cotton‐infecting begomoviruses and closest to Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMV) at 95–97% DNA‐A nucleotide identities. The 682‐nucleotide satellite DNA molecules associated with the HLCuD samples Ban and Bhu shared 96.9% sequence identity with each other and maximum identity (93.1–93.9% over positions 158–682) with ∼1350‐nucleotide DNA‐β satellite molecules associated with cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan and India (accession nos AJ298903, AJ316038). HLCuD in India, therefore, appears to be associated with strains of CLCuMV, a cotton‐infecting begomovirus from Pakistan, which is transmitted in a persistent manner by Bemisia tabaci.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Puccinia lagenophorae, now present in central North America
Authors: Littlefield L.J. , Marek S.M. , Tyrl R.J. , Winkelman K.S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn June 2004, a rust fungus not previously reported for Oklahoma was found occurring naturally on the weed, common groundsel, Senecio vulgaris, in pots in a commercial container nursery in northeastern Oklahoma. Host symptoms and morphology of teliospores and aeciospores of the fungus were consistent with those of Puccinia lagenophorae, a recent introduction into North America that has, as yet, been reported only on the East and West Coasts of the USA. This is the first report of the rust in central regions of North America. The rust is believed to be native to Australia and New Zealand and subsequently reported in most continents on numerous species and genera of the Asteraceae. Some authors in Europe consider the rust on Bellis as different from the one on Senecio, naming it Puccinia distincta. Our ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequence data, however, show homology with P. distincta sequences from Europe, indicating there is only one morphologically‐variable polyphagous species. Presumably, the rust was introduced into Oklahoma on infected plants from the West Coast of the USA, the source of most plant material in the commercial nursery where it was found. The rust is potentially important on several ornamental Asteraceae in North America as it has become in Europe, where it spreads rapidly throughout that continent following its introduction there in the early 1960s.
Diagnosis of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children in Kenya with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A
Authors: Scott J. Anthony G. , Mlacha Zena , Nyiro Joyce , Njenga Salome , Lewa Pole , Obiero Jacktone , Otieno Hanningtone , Sampson Jacquelyn S. , Carlone George M. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT
Diagnostic techniques for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children are insensitive and underestimate both the burden of disease and the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV). Consequently, there is little demand for the highly effective PCV outside the United States and Europe. In Kenya, diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults was achieved with a sensitivity of 0.70 and a specificity of 0.98 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of paired plasma samples for immunoglobulin G (IgG) to pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA). We aimed to validate the same technique in children. We assayed paired blood samples from 98 children with IPD, 95 age-matched children with malaria/anemia, and 97 age-matched healthy controls by using an ELISA for anti-PsaA IgG. Sensitivity and specificity were determined in IPD patients and healthy controls. Specificity (0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 0.99) and sensitivity (0.42; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.52) were optimized at a 2.7-fold rise in anti-PsaA antibody concentration. Sensitivity was improved to a maximum of 0.50 by restricting testing to children of <2 years old, by excluding IPD patients who were not sampled on the first day of presentation, and by incorporating high existing antibody concentrations in the analysis. Assay performance was independent of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci at recruitment. This assay improves on existing diagnostic tools for IPD in children but would still leave over half of all cases undetected in epidemiological studies. Effective diagnosis of pneumococcal disease in children is urgently required but poorly served by existing technology.
Generation of Feline Dendritic Cells Derived from Peripheral Blood Monocytes for In Vivo Use
Authors: Freer Giulia , Matteucci Donatella , Mazzetti Paola , Bozzacco Leonia , Bendinelli Mauro 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that can prime T cells and polarize the cellular immune response. Because Th1-type immune responses have been connected to success in combating viral infection, a promising therapeutic application of DCs would be their differentiation in vitro and injection back into the host to boost an immune response in infected animals. This study was aimed both at developing a protocol to cultivate feline DCs in the absence of exogenous proteins for their use in vivo and at investigating what might be the most appropriate stimulus to induce their maturation in vitro and finding correlates of maturation. We generated DCs from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of feline interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and after 5 days their maturation was induced with either lipopolysaccharide, human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha, poly(I:C), or activated feline platelets. After 48 h, their CD14, CD1a, major histocompatibility complex class II, and B7.1 surface expression was analyzed in parallel with their ability to uptake antigen or prime a mixed leukocyte reaction. The results presented show that feline DCs cultured in autologous plasma differentiate and are able to mature in the presence of stimuli similar to the ones currently used for other species. The present work sets the grounds for future use of DCs obtained by the protocol described for in vivo vaccination and immunotherapy of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats.
Lassa Fever Virus Peptides Predicted by Computational Analysis Induce Epitope-Specific Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Responses in HLA-A2.1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Boesen Agnieszka , Sundar Krishnan , Coico Richard 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTLassa fever is a hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa fever virus (LV). Although the precise host defense mechanism(s) that affords protection against LV is not completely understood, cellular immunity mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) plays a pivotal role in controlling viral replication and LV infection. To date, there have been no reports mapping major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-binding CTL epitopes for LV. Using computer-assisted algorithms, we identified five HLA-A2.1-binding peptides of LV glycoprotein (GP) and two peptides from LV nucleoprotein (NP). Synthesized peptides were examined for their ability to bind to MHC class I molecules using a flow cytometric assay that measures peptide stabilization of class I. Three of the LV-GP peptides tested (LLGTFTWTL, SLYKGVYEL, and YLISIFLHL) stabilized HLA-A2. The LV-NP peptides tested failed to stabilize this HLA-A2. We then investigated the ability of the HLA-A2-binding LV-GP peptides to generate peptide-specific CTLs in HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice. Functional assays used to confirm CTL activation included gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays and intracellular cytokine staining of CD8+T cells from peptide-primed mice. CTL assays were also performed to verify the cytolytic activity of peptide-pulsed target cells. Each of the LV-GP peptides induced CTL responses in HLA-A2-transgenic mice. MHC class I tetramers prepared using one LV-GP peptide that showed the highest cytolytic index (LLGTFTWTL) confirmed that peptide-binding CD8+T cells were present in pooled lymphocytes harvested from peptide-primed mice. These findings provide direct evidence for the existence of LV-derived GP epitopes that may be useful in the development of protective immunogens for this hemorrhagic virus.
An investigation of the anger levels of residents: medical compared with surgical disciplines
Authors: Satar S , Cenkseven F , Karcioglu O , Topal M , Sebe A 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate medical and surgical residents’ anger levels with regard to the department in which they worked, seniority, sex, satisfaction with their work environment, and the number of nightshifts worked per month. The specific situations and persons at whom residents reacted with anger were also investigated.

Methods
116 randomly selected residents staffed in a university hospital (62 medical and 54 surgical residents) were enrolled. The trait anger and anger expression scale was used to find out the personal anger levels of each participant. The participants also clarified the persons and situations that made them angry at work.

Results
Trait anger levels were greater in the surgical residents in their first two years when compared with levels of their senior colleagues (p = 0.033). Mean trait anger levels were greater in the residents who were not satisfied with their department (p = 0.004). Anger levels were not found to be related to the number of shifts per month. Male residents had higher levels of anger than female colleagues (p = 0.019).

Conclusion
Residents in clinical sciences seem to have the potential to benefit from a screening process in terms of anger and its subcomponents by means of a tool such as the trait anger and anger expression scale during their residency.
Toward health and wellbeing for indigenous Australians
Authors: van Holst Pellekaan S M , Clague L 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The health of indigenous Australians remains well below that of non-indigenous Australians and indigenous peoples in Canada and New Zealand. Although recent planning has initiated many outstanding, culturally appropriate programmes with indigenous involvement, health statistics only reflect marginal improvement in recent years. It is crucial that positive programmes are sustained with appropriately directed funding. An approach that includes respect for the emotional and spiritual wellbeing of Australia’s indigenous peoples will assist to redress some of the disadvantage caused by dispossession of country, language, and identity. It is clear from many programmes that are in place, that primary health care delivered locally through community controlled organisations, will minimise the impact of serious illnesses that currently threaten whole families and communities. Westernised health care systems are slow to learn from indigenous peoples in Australia and other places, that maintenance of wellness, not management of illness should be the goal.
Nutrition support for patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Griffiths R D , Bongers T 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Enteral nutrition (EN) is the mainstay of nutrition delivery within intensive care seeking to capitalise on its benefits for the gastrointestinal tract and associated immune system, but this has brought new challenges in delivery to the sick. The hoped for benefit has led to the mistaken belief by some that parenteral nutrition (PN) is no longer required. However, a greater appreciation of the risks of EN delivery in the sick patient combined with improvements in PN formulation and use help explain why PN is not as risky as some have believed. Real outcome benefits have been described with the new glutamine containing PN formulations. PN remains important in the presence of gastrointestinal feed intolerance or failure.
Geographic variation in the frequency of scarring and tail stubs in eastern gartersnakes (Thamnophis s. sirtalis) from Michigan, USA
Authors: Burghardt Gordon , Placyk John 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTail loss, urotomy, in reptiles and amphibians has been the emphasis of many ecological and evolutionary studies, especially in lizards and salamanders; however, less is known about this phenomenon in snakes. In addition, while hypotheses for variation in tail loss across natural populations exist, none have been strongly supported. We conducted much needed research on tail loss in snakes and attempted to elucidate any relationship between variation in predator composition and frequency of wounds. 523 common gartersnakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, from 5 Michigan, USA field sites characterized by diverse predator compositions were examined for tail loss and other predator-inflicted wounds and historical records of predator composition for Michigan were updated. Our results indicate that frequency of wounds vary geographically, and that this variation may be due, in part, to differences in predator diversity. Our data also suggest that other environmental variables (e.g., predator inefficiency) that may influence the frequency of wounds in populations may be at work.