bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between DNA flow cytometric and nucleolar organizer region data in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Crocker J. , Macartney J. C. , Smith P. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe argyrophilic staining (AgNOR) technique, novel in histopathology, was applied to a series of 20 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of established Kiel subtype. The method demonstrates nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) by virtue of sulphydryl groups on their associated proteins and the enumeration of AgNOR foci has been previously shown to discriminate between NHL of low‐ and high‐grade histological types. This finding was confirmed and the results were compared with those obtained by means of DNA flow cytometry performed on paraffin wax‐embedded tissue from the same lymphomas. There was a very good linear correlation between the mean numbers of AgNOR sites per nucleus and the percentage of S‐phase cells for each case, both values being high in high‐grade NHL and low in low‐grade lesions. Conversely there was no significant correlation between the DNA index, representing DNA aneuploidy, and AgNOR counts. It is suggested that the numbers of AgNORs in a lymphoma may be related to the dividing fraction of cells rather than, as might be expected, to ploidy alone. It is also proposed that the AgNOR technique, which is rapid, simple, and inexpensive, may provide, at least, an adjunct to DNA flow cytometry in the assessment of neoplasm in histopathology.
The glomerular tip lesion: A distinct entity or not?
Authors: Huppes Willem , Hené Ronald J. , Kooiker Cornnelis J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHowie and Brewer1 recently described a novel glomerulopathy: the glomerular tip lesion (GTL). The characteristic feature of this entity is a collection of intracapillary foam cells and marked vacuolization of the epithelial cells of the glomerular segment adjacent to the origin of the proximal tubule. Although this lesion resembles focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), Howie and Brewer suggested that it constitutes a distinct entity, differing also clinically from FSGS, in that it would have a better response to steroid treatment. We treated five patients fulfilling the criteria of Howie and Brewer. However, neither corticosteroids (1·5 mg/kg/day for 1 month in five patients) nor cyclosporin‐A (5 mg/kg/day for three months in four patients) caused a decrease in proteinuria to below 4 g/day. In two patients, renal function deteriorated and in one of them, recurrence of classical FSGS was found in the renal transplant. A sixth patient was observed in whose biopsy a combination of GTL with membranous glomerulopathy was present. We conclude that GTL is not a distinct entity and that in the clinical course and response to treatment it does not differ from FSGS.
The prognostic value of Ki67 immunostaining in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Hall P. A. , Richards M. A. , Gregory W. M. , D'Ardenne A. J. , Lister T. A. , Stansfeld A. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody Ki67 recognizes an antigen expressed in all phases of the cell cycle except Go. It has been used in 141 biopsies from 138 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma to identify proliferating cells in histological sections. A Ki67 index (the number of Ki67 positive tumour cells divided by the sum of Ki67 positive and negative tumour cells) has been derived by counting 1000 cells in each case. A correction for the presence of non‐tumour cells has been incorporated by counting non‐tumour cells in serial sections stained with a panel of other antibodies. A very strong correlation between a low Ki67 index (<20 per cent) and low grade histology and a high Ki67 index (>20 per cent) and high grade histology was found (Chi2 = 98·0). Ninety‐one patients could be analysed for survival and those with low grade lymphoma (n = 38) who had a relatively high Ki67 index (>5 per cent) had a worse survival than those with an index of <5 per cent (p<0·05). In contrast, there was a trend for those patients with high grade disease with a very high Ki67 index (>80 per cent) to have a better survival than those with a lower index (<80 per cent). The patients with high grade disease who achieved complete remission or good partial remission and had a Ki67 index of less than 80 per cent were more likely to relapse than those with an index of greater than 80 per cent (p<0·04). These findings could not be explained by the effect of other prognostic factors such as age, stage, or serum albumin. While the use of Ki67 immunostaining has potential drawbacks, it appears to be a simple and reproducible method of determining a tumour proliferative index which provides relevant clinical data.
Flash labelling of S‐phase cells in short‐term organ culture of normal and pathological human endometrium using bromodeoxyuridine and tritiated thymidine
Authors: Thornton James G. , Wells Michael , Hume William J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNormal hyperplastic and malignant endometrial specimens were labelled in vitro with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). S‐phase cells were stained after DNA denaturation, using a monoclonal antibody to BrdU and an indirect immuno‐peroxidase method. Various conditions for BrdU uptake, DNA denaturation, and staining were tested. BrdU labelling was compared with autoradiography using tritiated thymidine, with good correlation. Glandular labelling indices of proliferative endometrium were significantly higher than both secretory and hyperplastic endometrium but were similar to carcinoma. Stromal labelling showed the same trend but the differences were not statistically significant.
Architectural and nuclear morphometrical features together are more important prognosticators in endometrial hyperplasias than nuclear morphometrical features alone
Authors: Baak Jan. P. A. , Nauta J. J. P. , Wisse‐Brekelmans E. C. M. , Bezemer P. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that 80–90 per cent of cases of atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium do not progress to cancer. Criteria to predict the outcome in an individual patient with hyperplasia are lacking, and hysterectomy is the usual (over)treatment in order to avoid a 10–20 per cent chance of confrontation with cancer later on in the course of the disease. A recent study has shown that using a nuclear morphometric classification rule, 15 per cent of patients without progression can be accurately separated from patients with progression. However, as it is unlikely that nuclear morphometrical features are the only morphological factors reflecting the outcome of the disease, other quantitative parameters describing the architecture of the glands have also been studied for their potential value in selecting patients who will progress to cancer. In total, 10 nuclear features and 12 glandular architectural features were studied in 39 cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Among these cases, seven (18 per cent) progressed to cancer.Using linear stepwise regression analysis and discriminant analysis, the volume percentage stroma and the standard deviation of the shortest nuclear axis are the best discriminators, although the outer surface density of the glands also adds to the discriminating power. The volume percentage stroma is the best single prognosticator; this feature is highly reproducible. In total, using these combined architectural and nuclear morphometrical features, 20 of the 32 cases without progression were separated from those who subsequently progressed (62·5 per cent). This is a considerable improvement over nuclear morphometrical features alone (15 per cent separated).
Mast cell numbers in appendices with threadworm infestation
Authors: Crow Julie , Howe S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA study has been made of mast cells (MC) in surgically resected appendices using a long toluidine blue (LTB) staining method. The numbers of MC in measured areas of both mucosa and submucosa/muscularis were counted and comparisons made between 22 appendices containing threadworms and 22 which were histologically normal. There was considerable variation in MC numbers from case to case and the patients aged under 15 as a group had a higher mean number of mucosal MC than the older patients. The reasons for the high individual variation could not be identified from the histological sections, and no correlation was found between MC numbers and the presence of threadworms.
Observations favouring Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a primary infection: a monoclonal antibody study on paraffin sections
Authors: Millard Peter R. , Heryet Andrew R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPneumocystis carinii pneumonia is characteristic of immunodeficiency and the organism is probably acquired during early childhood. Since infection is only manifest in the lungs, it has been presumed that the organism lies dormant in these tissues following the primary infection. Conventional staining procedures have, however, failed in the absence of pneumonia to demonstrate consistently any forms of Pneumocystis carinii. To study this problem further, lung sections and hilar lymph nodes from immunodepressed adults with and without Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as well as lung sections from presumed immunocompetent patients were examined for the cyst and trophozoite forms of Pneumocystis carinii using a monoclonal antibody. The organism was only identified in areas of pneumonia, and the source of the organism in these patients may therefore be a new infection with a different human subtype and not, as previously thought, reactivation of a primary infection.
Fatal legionnaires' pneumonia: Frequency of legionellosis in autopsied patients with pneumonia from 1969 to 1985
Authors: Schürmann D. , Ruf B. , Fehrenbach Franz J. , Jautzke G. , Pohle Hans D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn 89 of 3027 (2·9 per cent) patients in whom pneumonia was found at autopsy during the period from 1969 to 1985. legionella pneumonia was diagnosed. Legionellae were demonstrated through the direct fluorescent antibody test by screening lung tissue sections. All 89 cases were caused by Legionella pneumophila. Suspicious typical rod‐shaped organisms were demonstrated in all cases by the modified Dieterle stain whereas conventional histological stains failed to detect causative bacteria. The frequency per year of legionellosis in patients with pneumonia at autopsy ranged from 1·4 per cent (3/212 cases) to 6·8 per cent (12/177 cases). In patients who have died of unexplained pneumonia, examinations for the demonstration of legionellae should be carried out.
Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumour of the liver. A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Narita Takeo , Moriyama Yuzo , Ito Yasuo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA primary endodermal sinus tumour of the liver which developed in a 27‐year‐old woman is reported. The dimensions of the tumour were 11 × 11 × 9·5 cm. Most parts were friable, haemorrhagic, and necrotic. No metastasis was found, but one part of the tumour was invading the diaphragm directly. Histologically, the tumour had mainly a reticular pattern, and partly a solid pattern, and was characterized by the presence of Schiller–Duval bodies and intra‐and extracellular hyaline globules. A small part of the tumour showed a polyvesicular vitelline pattern and glandular structures with enteric differentiation. Serum alpha‐fetoprotein was very high (28 500 ng/ml), but carcinoembryonic antigen was within the normal range. Immunohistochemically, most of the tumour cells contained alpha‐fetoprotein and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin. Carcinoembryonic antigen and glutathione S‐transferase, which was recently proved to be a useful marker for colonic carcinoma, were detected only in the glandular part. Four previously reported cases of primary endodermal sinus tumour of the liver are reviewed.
The demonstration of tissue clonality by X‐linked enzyme histochemistry
Authors: Thomas Geraldine A. , Williams Don , Williams E. Dillwyn 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe report here the first demonstration in normal, as opposed to chimaeric mice, of the clonal architecture of the small intestine, oesophagus, breast, and thyroid, using polymorphism of the X‐linked enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49) as a clonal marker.Reproducible results using X‐linked histochemistry were found to depend upon the simultaneous study of tissue from normal mice, mice homozygous for abnormal enzyme levels, and heterozygous mice. In tissues from homozygous animals where levels of enzyme activity normally vary, the use of a physiological stimulus to reduce this metabolic heterogeneity allowed interpretation of clonality in the heterozygotes. The details of the histochemical technique used require modification for each of the different tissues studied.A dual population of cells was seen in the heterozygous animals in all tissues studied. Oesophageal epithelium showed sharply separated alternating patches of positive and negative cells. Small intestinal crypts were always monophenotypic, while villi were polyphenotypic, indicating that crypts are monoclonal and villi derive from more than one crypt, confirming work in allophenic animals. In contrast, thyroid follicles and breast acini showed a mixture of mono‐ and polyphenotypia, consistent with a polyclonal origin. These results, which have important implications for the study of the clonal origins of normal and neoplastic growth, require the direct in situ demonstration of the cellular phenotype.
The effect of a series of fixatives on the agnor technique
Authors: Smith Paul J. , Skilbeck Nick , Harrison Adrian , Crocker John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWith increasing interest being shown in nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in pathology, it was considered of great importance to evaluate the effect of some of the more commonly used and more specialized fixatives on the demonstration of these moieties.NORs can be demonstrated in paraffin sections by a silver technique (AgNOR method) which was developed from a method used by cytogeneticists for the demonstration of NORs in chromosome spreads. The degree of staining is dependent on the fixation regime employed and results may vary greatly from one fixative to another. The fixative schedules and post‐treatments used in this study were based on standard sequences from the literature. We have shown that, in general, alcohol‐based fixatives give optimal results, Carnoy's fluid being especially recommended. Mercurial and dichromate‐containing fixatives were found to have highly detrimental effects on NOR staining. ‘Routine’ 10 per cent formol saline fixation gave adequate results whereas 10 per cent neutral buffered formalin gave optimal staining, similar to alcohol‐based fixation.
The immunohistology of synovial lining cells in normal and inflamed synovium
Authors: Athanasou N. A. , Quinn J. , Heryet A. , Puddle B. , Woods C. G. , McGee J. O'D 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe immunohistology of synovial lining cells (SLCs) in normal and inflamed hyperplastic synovium was investigated using monoclonal antibodies directed against leucocyte common antigen (LCA) HLA‐DR and other macrophage components. We found that some SLCs in normal synovium express LCA, HLA‐DR, and monocyte/macrophage‐associated antigens. The number of SLCs expressing these antigens is increased in hyperplastic osteoarthritic (OA) and rheumatoid (RA) synovium. Some SLCs which did not react for LCA or other macrophage markers but were positive for HLA‐DR were also noted in normal synovium and some segments of hyperplastic OA synovium. SLCs which are positive for LCA, HLA‐DR, and macrophage markers contribute to the intimal hyperplasia in RA where they account for the majority of SLCs in the synovial intima. In OA synovium, the distribution of SLCs showing this pattern of reactivity was less uniform with numerous SLCs which were positive for HLA‐DR but negative for LCA and other macrophage markers also present in the synovial intima. These findings indicate that there are some SLCs of bone marrow origin in normal and hyperplastic synovium. They also suggest that recruitment of SLCs of marrow origin is important in the production of intimal hyperplasia in both RA and OA and that there is also a significant local proliferation of non‐marrow derived SLCs in OA.
Relationships between oestrogen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, ER‐D5, and P24 oestrogen regulated protein in human breast cancer
Authors: Horne Glenda M. , Angus Brian , Wright Christopher , Needham Geoffrey , Nicholson Stewart , Harris Adrian L. , Innes Barbara , Horne Charles H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProteins regulated by or related to the oestrogen receptor (ER) may prove to be more reliable indicators of prognosis and hormone sensitivity then expression of the receptor itself. It has been shown recently that expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. In a series of 60 breast cancers, we have studied relationships between ER, ER‐D5 oestrogen receptor related protein, P24 oestrogen regulated protein, and EGFR using an immunohistochemical technique employing monoclonal antibodies in each case. In addition, radioligand binding assays for ER and EGFR were carried out and tumour histological grade was determined. Seventy‐one per cent and forty‐three per cent of tumours stained for ER‐D5 and P24, respectively, but there was no relationship between staining for these and ER or EGFR status. There was a significant correlation between staining for ER and EGFR, and the respective biochemical assays. Relating ER to EGFR, very few ER‐positive cases expressed EGFR, but this relationship fell short of significance. The prognostic significance of expression of the epitopes recognized by the ERD5 and P24 antibodies must await assessment of clinical outcome.
Expression of the CD 15 antigen is a marker of cellular differentiation in cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN)
Authors: Sanders D. S. A , Kerr M. A. , Hopwood D. , Coghill G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe CD 15 antigen (3‐fucosyl N‐acetyllactosamine), present on the outer cell membrane of cervical squamous epithelial cells, is recognized by the monoclonal antibody MC2, which is similar to several commercially available antibodies. Staining sections of cervical biopsies with MC2 clearly demonstrates the zone of supra‐basal differentiated cells in the normal squamous epithelium. Staining with MC2 also demonstrates the diminished proportion of this zone occurring with grades of CIN, reflecting progressive de‐differentiation of the epithelium. In immature squamous metaplastic epithelium, absence of cytoplasmic differentiation is reflected by lack of staining.As expression of the CD 15, antigen by cervical squamous cells mirrors cytoplasmic maturity and is a marker of cellular differentiation, staining colposcopic biopsies with MC2 may aid the routine histopathological grading of CIN. A comparison is made between the staining pattern observed using MC2 with that of two commercially available antibodies (Leu M1 and Dako M1), and a possible role for the CD 15 antigen in cellular adhesion in squamous mucosae is discussed.
Ki‐67 derived proliferative activity in colorectal adenocarcinoma with prognostic correlations
Authors: Shepherd N. A. , Richman P. I. , England Janet 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCryostat sections from samples of 108 colorectal carcinomas were stained with the murine monoclonal antibody Ki‐67, which is expressed in proliferating cells. Ki‐67 immunoreactivity was assessed independently by two pathologists using a semi‐quantitative method. There was excellent correlation between the two observers. Ten cases were assessed quantitatively by counting at least 2000 cells and there was a very good correlation between this method and the semiquantitative method. The carcinomas showed a wide range of Ki‐67 labelling, reflecting a variation in proliferative activity. The tumour labelling index ranged from 1 to 80 per cent positivity: there was also heterogeneity of labelling within many of the tumours. There was no correlation between Ki‐67 derived proliferative score and known prognostic parameters, including Dukes stage, New Prognostic Classification grade, lymph node status, tumour differentiation, venous spread, invasive margin, lymphocytic infiltrate, and curative versus palliative surgery. Nevertheless, it is concluded that Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry provides a reliable and reproducible method of assessment of proliferative activity in colorectal cancer. Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry may have a clinical application in the selection of patients with colorectal cancers who might benefit from radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, particularly those with unresectable or locally recurrent tumours.
HLA class II sublocus expression in benign and malignant breast epithelium
Authors: Zuk John A. , Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing immunohistochemistry and a panel of five monoclonal antibodies, the epithelial expression of HLA class II sublocus products by benign and malignant breast has been studied. The magnitude of the stromal mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate was assessed. There was expression of HLA class II by 75 per cent of epithelial cells in the benign tissues, with little variation in intensity and between antibodies. There was coordinate expression of DR and DQW1. Epithelial expression by carcinomas was more complex and variable. Most (61 per cent) carcinomas exhibited variable loss of epithelial expression of class II products, as detected by three antibodies recognizing epitopes on DP, DQ, and DR together. Thirteen (28 per cent) carcinomas were completely negative or had very occasional positive cells. The extent of this loss was unrelated to the magnitude of the inflammatory infiltrate and axillary lymph node status. No well‐differentiated carcinomas exhibited complete loss. Furthermore, non‐coordinate expression of DR and DQW1 was present in 8 out of 40 carcinomas, with the proportion of DQW1 positive epithelium always being less than that of DR. Carcinomas exhibiting non‐coordinate expression were never well differentiated; there was no relationship with the extent of the inflammatory infiltrate. This is the first study to detail HLA class II expression in breast, and our results suggest that alterations in expression of these products may modify or reflect tumour behaviour.
Undifferentiated columnar cells on the gastric interfoveolar crest: A previously undescribed observation
Authors: Newbold K. Mark , Macdonald Fiona , Allum William H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have observed and defined morphometrically and histochemically an entity composed of groups of undifferentiated columnar cells on the interfoveolar crest of gastric mucosa. These cells are clearly distinct from either normal foveolar cells or regenerative epithelial cells associated with ulcer healing. They show a close association with atrophic gastritis, particularly in the presence of type 3 sulphomucin‐secreting intestinal metaplasia. We have termed this the gastric tip lesion since it is observed only on the tips of the mucosal folds.This has not been described previously. We propose that these cells are the precursors of type 3 intestinal metaplasia and may also provide a link between this type of intestinal metaplasia and the intestinal variant of gastric adeno‐carcinoma.