bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of 7S SNARE complexes in hippocampal synaptosomes from chronically kindled rats
Authors: Matveeva E. A. , Whiteheart S. W. , Slevin J. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractKindling is a model of complex partial epilepsy wherein periodic application of an initially subconvulsive stimulus leads to first limbic and then generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. Several laboratories have reported that augmented neurotransmitter release of l‐glutamate is associated with the chronically kindled state. Neurotransmitter release requires membrane proteins called SNAREs, which form transmembrane complexes that participate in vesicle docking and are required for membrane fusion. We show here that kindling by entorhinal stimulation is associated with an accumulation of 7S SNARE complexes in the ipsilateral hippocampus. This increase of 7S SNARE complexes appears to begin early in the kindling process, achieves a peak with full kindling, and remains at this level for at least a month following cessation of further kindling stimuli. The increase is focal and permanently limited to the ipsilateral hippocampus despite progression to generalized electrographic and behavioral seizures. It is not seen in animals that receive electroconvulsive seizures, suggesting it is related to the kindling process itself. The duration and focality of increased 7S SNARE complexes with entorhinal kindling suggest that this is an altered molecular process associated with epileptogenesis.
Chloroquine induces activation of nuclear factor‐κB and subsequent expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by human astroglial cells
Authors: Park Jinseu , Kwon Daeho , Choi Chulhee , Oh Jae‐Wook , Benveniste Etty N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChloroquine, an antimalarial lysosomotropic base, is known for its anti‐inflammatory effects and therefore used for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Given its anti‐inflammatory effects, it has been under clinical trials to modify neurodegenerative processes. In this study, we examined whether chloroquine has an anti‐inflammatory effect in the CNS by determining the in vitro effects of chloroquine on LPS‐induced expression of cytokines by glial cells. We observed that (i) chloroquine augmented LPS‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as lymphotoxin (LT)‐β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in human astroglial cells, while the same treatment suppressed LPS‐induced expression of cytokines in monocytic and microglial cells; (ii) chloroquine alone induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in astroglial cells; (iii) other lysosomotropic agents such as ammonium chloride and bafilomycin A1 had minimal effects on cytokine expression; and (iv) chloroquine induced the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B in astroglial cells, which is a required component of chloroquine induction of cytokines. These results suggest that chloroquine may evoke either anti‐ or pro‐inflammatory responses in the CNS depending on the cellular context.
An age‐related increase in resistance to DNA damage‐induced apoptotic cell death is associated with development of DNA repair mechanisms
Authors: Romero Alejandro A. , Gross Stephane R. , Cheng Ke‐Yi , Goldsmith Noriko K. , Geller Herbert M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeurons in the developing brain die via apoptosis after DNA damage, while neurons in the adult brain are generally resistant to these insults. The basis for this resistance is a matter of conjecture. We report here that cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) in culture lose their competence to die in response to DNA damage as a function of time in culture. CGNs at either 1 day in vitro (DIV) or 7 DIV were treated with the DNA damaging agents camptothecin, UV or γ‐irradiation and neuronal survival measured. The younger neurons were effectively killed by these agents, while the older neurons displayed a significant resistance to killing. Neuronal survival did not change with time in culture when cells were treated with C2‐ceramide or staurosporine, agents which do not target DNA. The resistance to UV irradiation developed over time in culture and was not due to changes in mitotic rate. Increases in DNA strand breakage, up‐regulation of the levels of both p53 and its phosphorylated form and nuclear translocation of p53 were equivalent in both older and younger neurons, indicating a comparable p53 stress response. In addition, we show that treatment of older neurons with pharmacological inhibitors of distinct components of the DNA repair machinery promotes the accumulation of DNA damage and sensitizes these cells to the toxic effects of UV exposure. These data demonstrate that older neurons appear to be more proficient in DNA repair in comparison to their younger counterparts, and that this leads to increased survival after DNA damage.
Ethical issues in ethnographic nursing research with children and elderly people
Authors: Jokinen Pirkko , Lappalainen Marja , Meriläinen Pirkko , Pelkonen Marjaana 
Published: March 2003

Ethical issues in ethnographic nursing research with children and elderly people The purpose of this article is to stimulate discussion on ethical issues in qualitative nursing research with children and elderly people. Both groups as informants of a qualitative study may need extra protection owing to their vulnerability. There are some references to these issues in articles dealing with nursing research ethics, but this subject is worthy of more debate. This article is based on the authors' experiences of working with informants in two ethnographic nursing studies. Especially difficult and important were those issues related to informed consent and the role of the researcher. The researcher has to respect the informants' humanity and ensure their autonomy, and be sensitive to their expressions and gestures in a reciprocal interaction throughout the research process.
Maternal serum screening for Down syndrome – opinions on acceptance from Swedish women
Authors: Crang‐Svalenius Elizabeth , Dykes Anna‐Karin , Jörgensen Connie 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Different screening procedures are becoming an important part of health care. Information about screening and its consequences can be difficult to both impart and understand. This study examined women's theoretical acceptance of a new screening procedure, before its introduction. Methods:  A group of women (n = 823), who had made an informed choice about the form of foetal diagnosis they wished for, were also asked, in a questionnaire, about their opinion on the acceptability of serum screening for Down syndrome. The main purpose of the this was to ascertain their feelings when making a choice. Results:  Replies were received from 80.4%. The answers indicated that serum screening would be acceptable to 86% of the women who had chosen a second trimester ultrasound examination. Of the women who had chosen amniocentesis, 51% would consider the test acceptable as a first alternative. Conclusions:  The ease with which the women were able to make their choice of prenatal diagnosis had bearing on their degree of acceptance of serum screening for Down syndrome.
Universal RAGE–PCR primers to detect mitochondrial polymorphisms among Magnoliophyta
Authors: Wijnants L. , Vasseur J. , Rambaud C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA rapid amplification of genomic ends–polymerase chain reaction (RAGE–PCR) based technique was developed to detect polymorphism in mitochondrial intergenic sequences to compare cytoplasmic male sterile and revertant chicory. Here we describe 84 new mitochondrial primers that were successfully tested with two Liliopsida and four Magnoliopsida species and were useful for exploration of the mitochondrial genome in analyses such as population genetics or phylogenetical studies among Magnoliophyta.
Identification of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the queenless, ponerine ant Diacamma ceylonense
Authors: Gopinath Ashok , Gadagkar Raghavendra , Rao M. R. S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Diacamma ceylonense is a queenless, ponerine ant whose colonies are headed by a single, mated, egg‐laying worker referred to as the gamergate. Thus, new colonies are a result of dispersal by wingless gamergates. This is expected to influence patterns of colony dispersal and spatial distribution of genetic variablity. In order to facilitate the study of population genetic structure we have identified six unique, polymorphic, microsatellite loci. We have used fluorescence tagged primers to detect polymorphism at these loci.
Microsatellite loci in the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni and their utility for other schistosome species
Authors: Curtis Jason , Sorensen Robert E. , Page L. Kristen , Minchella Dennis J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBlood flukes in the genus Schistosoma are important human parasites in tropical regions. Genetic heterogeneity of the parasite contributes to the observed phenotypic variation in this host–parasite interaction and may play a role in disease epidemiology. In this paper, we describe the characterization of five polymorphic microsatellite loci from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, which can now be applied in assessments of schistosome genetic diversity. The five loci revealed extensive polymorphism, as 5–8 alleles per locus were detected among five isolates (from both human patients and snail intermediate hosts) from two Brazilian villages.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci for assigning parentage in least flycatchers (Empidonax minimus)
Authors: Tarof S. A. , Ratcliffe L. M. , Boag P. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLeast flycatchers (Empidonax minimus) are socially monogamous birds that form tight territorial aggregations on the breeding grounds. We designed five polymorphic microsatellite loci for assigning parentage to offspring within least flycatcher clusters. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 7 to 18. Mean polymorphic information content was 83.8%; the probability of exclusion with known maternal genotype was 0.999. These microsatellites are powerful DNA markers for identifying extra‐pair paternity in this species. Preliminary data also suggest that these loci may be useful for other members of this genus.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and their applicability to related species
Authors: Hufbauer Ruth A. , Bogdanowicz Steven M. , Perez Luisa , Harrison Richard G. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important biological control agent of aphids, and a model organism for the study of host–parasitoid ecology and evolution. We isolated microsatellite loci from A. ervi to examine the genetic effects of its introduction from Europe to North America. We present primers for 11 microsatellites from A. ervi. We have assayed six of these loci for variability and found from two to 37 alleles. These six primer pairs were tested on 17 related species and appear broadly applicable. These microsatellite loci provide a new tool for research on A. ervi and its relatives.
Development and cross‐species amplification of 18 microsatellite markers in the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)
Authors: Williamson J. E. , Huebinger R. M. , Sommer J. A. , Louis E. E. , Barber R. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEighteen polymorphic microsatellite loci from the highly endangered Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) were isolated and characterized. Upon polymerase chain reaction amplification, 16 of these markers produced a single, sharp band in all three tiger and 10 non‐tiger felid species examined. Of the two remaining loci, 6HDZ057 and 6HDZ635 failed to amplify genomic DNA from puma (Felis concolor) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), respectively. The amplification of these markers across four genera is an indication of their usefulness for population genetics studies and conservation work in a wide range of felid species.
papa (package for the analysis of parental allocation): a computer program for simulated and real parental allocation
Authors: Duchesne Pierre , Godbout Marie‐Hélène , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: March 2003

Abstract papa is a parental pair allocation and simulator program. The allocation method is based on the likelihood of a parental pair producing the multilocus genotype found in the offspring being tested, which will be referred to as the breeding likelihood. Estimated level and structure of allele transmission errors in offspring are parameters fed into the allocation procedure. The embodied Monte‐Carlo simulator also allows modelling of many allocation conditions, including transmission error and the estimated proportion of missing parents. Simulations may be run prior to the collection of real parents in order to define the minimal set of loci that is necessary to reach a desired level of allocation success. Post‐collection simulations aim at statistically assessing the reliability of nonsimulated allocations. Simulations output values for several random variables.
Characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), and their use in other North American vespertilionid bats
Authors: Vonhof M. J. , Davis C. S. , Fenton M. B. , Strobeck C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe the development of six microsatellite loci for big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus. Microsatellite markers were isolated from a small insert genomic library, and tested on a population of 44 animals from the Pend d’Oreille Valley, in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. These six loci were highly variable, with 12–23 alleles per locus, and observed and expected heterozygosities of greater than 79.5%. The six primer sets, and three others that were not variable in E. fuscus, were tested on 11 other species in the families Vespertilionidae and Antrozoidae. All the tested loci amplified highly variable products in at least several other species.
Development of novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based microsatellite markers in Armillaria gallica by cross‐species amplification and species‐specific cloning
Authors: Lefrancois J.‐B. , Lung‐Escarmant B. , Langrell S. R. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCross‐species PCR amplification of Armillaria mellea group taxa with previously reported A. ostoyae microsatellite markers, indicative of flanking sequence conservation, was exploited for the species‐specific isolation of simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs from A. gallica. Six SSR motifs were sequence characterized from cloned PCR fragments generated with primers previously developed from A. ostoyae. Five novel primer pairs, designed from motif flanking regions, allowed for improved, efficient amplification in this species. One original A. ostoyae primer pair was used directly. Polymorphims were observed at wide geographical levels only. Relative cross‐species amplification intensities generally supported the currently accepted molecular phylogeny of this group.
Development and characterization of SSR markers in Ribes species
Authors: Brennan R. , Jorgensen L. , Woodhead M. , Russell J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEleven microsatellite loci were identified and characterized in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and related species. An enriched library was constructed and screened with simple sequence repeat (SSR) oligonucleotides. Positive clones were sequenced and primers were designed flanking the repeat motifs. These 11 microsatellites produce amplification products polymorphic across a range of Ribes germplasm, predominantly from the Eucoreosma section of the genus. The number of alleles varied from 2 to 18 with levels of diversity ranging from 0.18 to 0.91.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Verardi A. , Donnelly M. J. , Rowland M. , Townson H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe mosquito Anopheles stephensi is an important malaria vector in India, Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Differences in egg morphology and chromosomal characters have been described between urban and rural forms of this mosquito but the population genetic structure remains unclear. In India this species is mainly urban, rural populations are largely zoophilic and not thought to transmit malaria. In eastern Afghanistan and the Punjab and Northwest Frontier Province, Pakistan, it is the major malaria vector. We have developed primers for 16 microsatellite loci to assist in defining the population structure and epidemiological importance of this mosquito.
Microsatellite markers for diverse Salix species
Authors: Barker J. H. A. , Pahlich A. , Trybush S. , Edwards K. J. , Karp A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractForty‐six microsatellites were isolated from an enriched library of Salix burjatica and tested on 20 individuals (of nine species/hybrids) from the National Willows Collection (IACR‐Long Ashton Research Station, UK). Twenty‐nine were monomorphic, gave multilocus or unscorable patterns, or were duplicates. The remaining 17 microsatellites gave 2–22 alleles/locus. Three microsatellites successfully cross‐amplified in 31 additional Salix species. A further six were tested on panels comprising 6–25 individuals from the 31 species. Cross‐amplification was successful in all cases. These results suggest that the microsatellites isolated here should prove useful for population studies in a wide range of Salix species.
A set of primers for the amplification of chloroplast microsatellites in Quercus
Authors: Deguilloux M.‐F. , Dumolin‐Lapègue S. , Gielly L. , Grivet D. , Petit R. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe increase in demand for the certification of oak seed lots, as well as control of the geographical origin of oak wood, has led us to develop powerful genetic markers permitting us to discriminate among provenance regions. With the aim of detecting new chloroplast variants, we have identified 17 potential cpSSRs motifs from available oak sequences and tested their variability among French oak populations. Six loci were polymorphic at the intraspecific level in Quercus petraea and Q. robur. Moreover, conservation of the primer pairs was checked on a set of 21 forest tree species and they were all shown to work well on several Quercus species, and even within Fagacaea.
microsatellite analyser (MSA): a platform independent analysis tool for large microsatellite data sets
Authors: Dieringer Daniel , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn molecular ecology the analysis of large microsatellite data sets is becoming increasingly popular. Here we introduce a new software tool, which is specifically designed to facilitate the analysis of large microsatellite data sets. All common microsatellite summary statistics and distances can be calculated. Furthermore, the microsatellite analyser (msa) software offers an improved method to deal with inbred samples (such as Drosophila isofemale lines). Executables are available for Windows and Macintosh computers.
Isolation of dinucleotide microsatellite loci from red‐backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus)
Authors: Connors Lisa M. , Cabe Paul R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe isolated 13 variable dinucleotide microsatellites from red‐backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). After generating fragments using degenerate oligonucleotide primer‐polymerase chain reaction (DOP‐PCR), AC repeats were captured using biotinylated probes and streptavidin‐coated magnetic particles. Captured fragments were cloned into plasmids, screened for microsatellites with a simple PCR reaction, and select plasmids then sequenced. PCR primers were designed and optimized for robust amplification, and nine primers have been further optimized for multiplex reactions with fluorescent primers. These nine loci are variable with an average of 6.11 alleles per locus and an average heterozygosity of 0.61.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Amsellem L. , Risterucci A. M. , Benrey B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe tortricid moth Lobesia botrana is considered to be an important pest of the cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae). It feeds on young flower buds and young fruits, and is the primary vector of the ‘noble mould’ fungus (Botrytis cinerea). In order to study the population dynamics and genetic structure of this species in space and time, we developed seven polymorphic microsatellite markers (three to 12 alleles). Although the presence of null alleles is suspected, these polymorphic loci are likely to provide information on the population genetics of L. botrana, and could help in the development of an efficient control strategy against this pest.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in Plantago lanceolata
Authors: Hale Marie L. , Wolff Kirsten 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe genus Plantago is particularly interesting for evolutionary studies because of its wide range of mating systems. We have developed primers for five highly polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from P. lanceolata. All five loci amplified and were polymorphic in the two populations examined, Lowsteads Beach in the United Kingdom and Duke in the United States. These new markers will allow a comparison of population structure between the outcrossing species P. lanceolata, and the highly selfing species P. major.
Microsatellite markers for the Mallorcan midwife toad Alytes muletensis
Authors: Kraaijeveld‐Smit Femmie J. L. , Rowe Graham , Beebee Trevor J. C. , Griffiths Richard A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe highly endangered midwife toad Alytes muletensis occurs only on the Mediterranean island of Mallorca. Little is known about genetic variability and dispersal among the 19 breeding sites (six of which stem from reintroductions) of this amphibian. The value of such information should be high for successful management of this species. We report here the characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in A. muletensis using individuals from a single population.
Enhancing user involvement through interprofessional education in healthcare: the case of cancer services
Authors: Daykin Norma , Rimmer J. , Turton P. , Evans S. , Sanidas M. , Tritter J. , Langton H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecent developments in UK health policy seek to place the service user at the centre of service delivery, although user involvement is a complex and challenging process. This paper explores the contribution of interprofessional (IP) education to user involvement, focusing on education and training within a UK cancer network. The impact of participation in educational projects on users is explored and the benefits and limitations of IP education are discussed. Triangulation of data from several sources suggests that the contribution of IP education to user involvement is contingent on professional constructions, which include ethical positions that are related closely to issues of power and control. In particular, professional protectionism may represent an ongoing difficulty in user involvement research and development. The research suggests that without dedicated support and training, some professionals are unlikely to engage willingly with involving users in service development.