bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption Saturation and Chromatographic Distortion Effects on Passive Headspace Sampling with Activated Charcoal in Fire Debris Analysis
Authors: Williams MR , Fernandes D , Bridge C , Dorrien D , Elliott S , Sigman M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Distortion of the chromatographic profile obtained for hydrocarbons that have been sampled by adsorption onto activated charcoal is a well-known phenomenon. The work reported here helps to better define the causes of chromatographic profile distortion and offers a potential method to avoid chromatographic distortion in some cases through a subsampling technique. The recovery of hydrocarbons from an equimolar mixture was investigated to determine the influence of hydrocarbon concentration on the molar ratios of recovered components. In a one-quart container, hydrocarbon volumes as small as 24 μL (liquid) were sufficient to saturate the surface area available for adsorption on a 99.0 mm2 square of activated charcoal, resulting in significant distortions in the molar ratio and the chromatographic profile of the recovered hydrocarbons. Passive headspace sampling of a similarly small volume of unweathered gasoline spiked onto carpet padding resulted in a significant distortion of the chromatographic profile. The chromatographic profile of the recovered hydrocarbons closely resembled 75% weathered gasoline. Heating the container spiked with unweathered gasoline to evenly distribute the components and then removing a subsample of the carpet padding to a second container for passive headspace analysis greatly reduced the amount of distortion in the resulting chromatogram.
Associations between adult spectral tarsiers
Authors: Gursky Sharon 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWhile anecdotal observations of gregarious behavior in nocturnal prosimian primates are common, most anthropologists continue to refer to them as solitary, perhaps based on the assumption that the occasional social interactions observed via ad libitum methods represent random chance encounters and not patterned social interactions. In this paper, I test the null hypothesis that nocturnal encounters between spectral tarsier (Tarsius spectrum) group members, outside of the sleeping tree, are the result of chance. Three male‐female pairs were radio‐collared and observed over a 4‐month period, using continuous focal animal sampling at the Tangkoko Nature Reserve (Sulawesi, Indonesia). Using Waser's random gas model, I found that spectral tarsiers spent more time in proximity to other group members than expected by chance, given the size of their home range and nightly path length. Adult group members spent 11% of the night in physical contact and an additional 17% of the night within a 10‐m radius of one another. Spectral tarsiers were also observed to significantly increase the amount of time spent foraging when located less than 10 m from another group member. Individuals foraging in proximity to another adult group member had lower insect capture rates compared to individuals who were not foraging in proximity to another adult group member. If living in a group is costly to these tarsiers' foraging efficiency, then why don't they actively avoid one another when foraging? One situation in which it might benefit tarsiers to be gregarious is high predation pressure. Preliminary results suggest that predation pressure by snakes may be the most likely factor selecting for the tarsiers to forage in proximity. Am J Phys Anthropol 128:74‐83, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive and interpolative biplots applied to canonical variate analysis in the discrimination of vegetable oils by their fatty acid composition
Authors: Rui Alves M. , Beatriz Oliveira M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe fatty acid profiles of 120 commercial unblended peanut, corn, soybean and sunflower vegetable oils and 17 commercial brands of blended edible oils were determined by HRGC/FID/capillary column, including several cis and trans isomers of mono‐, di‐ and tri‐unsaturated fatty acids as well as fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms. Although many statistical techniques may show some usefulness in the description and analysis of the data obtained, predictive biplots applied to canonical variate analysis prove to be a very useful way of carrying out interpretations and an important aid in building up models, while interpolative biplots display great advantages in the utilization of models for classification purposes on a day‐to‐day basis. Furthermore, these biplots require only a modest understanding of statistical tools, since all judgements are made regarding original fatty acids and original measuring units. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mg35Cu24Ga53: A Three‐Dimensional Cubic Network Composed of Interconnected Cu6Ga6 Icosahedra, Mg‐Centered Ga16 Icosioctahedra, and a Magnesium Lattice.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Corbett John D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novozym 435‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of β‐Allenols. A Facile Route for the Preparation of Optically Active β‐Allenols or Allenyl Acetates.
Authors: Xu Daiwang , Lu Zhan , Li Zuyi , Ma Shengming 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies with Condensed Amino‐thiophenes: Further Investigation of Reactivity of Amino‐thieno‐coumarines and Amino‐thieno‐benzo[h]coumarines Toward Electron‐Poor Olefins and Acetylenes.
Authors: Abdelkhalik Mervat M. , Negm Abdalla M. , Elkhouly Ayatt I. , Elnagdi Mohammed H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dichloromethane Activation. Direct Methylenation of Ketones and Aldehydes with CH2Cl2 Promoted by Mg/TiCl4/THF.
Authors: Yan Tu‐Hsin , Tsai Chia‐Chung , Chien Ching‐Ting , Cho Chia‐Ching , Huang Pei‐Chen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Preparation of α‐Hydroxycarboxamide by Manganese Complex Catalyzed Hydration of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxamide with Molecular Oxygen and Phenylsilane.
Authors: Sato Mitsuo , Gunji Yasuhiko , Ikeno Taketo , Yamada Tohru 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantio‐ and Diastereocontrol in Intermolecular Cyclopropanation Reaction of Styrene Catalyzed by Dirhodium(II) Complexes with Bulky ortho‐Metalated Aryl Phosphines.
Authors: Estevan Francisco , Lahuerta Pascual , Lloret Julio , Sanau Mercedes , Ubeda M. Angeles , Vila Jaume 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium(III) Halide Mediated SN2′ Reactions of Substituted Allenols: Synthesis of 2‐Halo‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Cho Yong Seo , Jun Bo Kyung , Pae Ae Nim , Cha Joo Hwan , Koh Hun Yeong , Chang Moon Ho , Han So‐Yeop 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Specific Features of Reaction Between 1,2‐Dinitro‐ and 1‐Nitro‐2‐thioethenes and Hydrazine.
Authors: Kretser T. Yu. , Kuz'mina N. V. , Lipina E. S. , Berkova G. A. , Berestovitskaya V. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A First Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Fluoroalkylated Benzofurans via Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Fluorine‐Containing Internal Alkynes with Variously Substituted 2‐Iodophenol.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Chae Jungha , Ishihara Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Route to 4/5/6 Polycyclic β‐Lactams.
Authors: Desroy Nicolas , Robert‐Peillard Fabien , Toueg Julie , Duboc Romain , Henaut Charlotte , Rager Marie‐Noelle , Savignac Monique , Genet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Synthesis of Quinolines by Reactions of o‐Isocyano‐β‐methoxystyrenes with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Yoneda Keiichi , Miyamoto Kazuna , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 12‐Ethoxy‐3‐oxo‐4‐phenylquino[3,2‐c][1,3]diazocines via Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction.
Authors: Kumar R. Nandha , Suresh T. , Dhanabal T. , Mohan P. S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spirobicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives: Mimetics of Baccatin III and Paclitaxel (Taxol).
Authors: Almqvist Fredrik , Manner Sophie , Thornqvist Viveca , Berg Ulf , Wallin Margareta , Frejd Torbjoern 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Covalent Analogues of DNA Base‐Pairs and Triplets. Part 7. Synthesis and Cytostatic Activity of Bis(purin‐6‐yl)acetylene and ‐diacetylene Nucleosides.
Authors: Naus Petr , Votruba Ivan , Hocek Michal 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Thiazole Analogues of Pyochelin, a Siderophore of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. A New Conversion of Thiazolines into Thiazoles.
Authors: Mislin Gaetan , Burger Alain , Abdallah Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies of 3‐Methylene‐2‐norbornanone as Potent Antiproliferative Agents Presumably Working Through p53 Mediated Apoptosis.
Authors: Reddy N. Laxma , Hill Jeanette , Ye Long , Fernandes Prabhavathi B. , Stout David M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐{2‐[3‐(Pyridin‐3‐yloxy)phenyl]‐2H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl}pyridine: A Highly Potent, Orally Active, Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 (mGlu5) Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Huang Dehua , Poon Steve F. , Chapman Deborah F. , Chung Janice , Cramer Merryl , Reger Thomas S. , Roppe Jeffrey R. , Tehrani Lida , Cosford Nicholas D. P. , Smith Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3‐[3‐Fluoro‐5‐(5‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)phenyl] ‐4‐methylpyridine: A Highly Potent and Orally Bioavailable Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 (mGlu5) Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Poon Steve F. , Eastman Brian W. , Chapman Deborah F. , Chung Janice , Cramer Merryl , Holtz Gregory , Cosford Nicholas D. P. , Smith Nicholas D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of Highly Potent, Selective, Orally Bioavailable, Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 (mGlu5) Receptor Antagonists Devoid of Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Smith Nicholas D. , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selectivity Control in Electron Spin Inversion Processes: Regio‐ and Stereochemistry of Paterno—Buechi Photocycloadditions as a Powerful Tool for Mapping Intersystem Crossing Processes
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Abe Manabu , Bondock Samir 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Costimulation by CD137/4–1BB inhibits T cell apoptosis and induces Bcl‐xL and c‐FLIPshort via phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and AKT/protein kinase B
Authors: Stärck Lilian , Scholz Christian , Dörken Bernd , Daniel Peter T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCostimulation is essential for induction of T lymphocyte proliferation and inhibition of activation‐induced cell death. While signaling pathways activated following the ligation of the costimulatory molecule CD28 are well defined, less is known about the molecular events induced by alternative costimulators. CD137/4–1BB, a costimulatory member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, plays an important role during late primary T cell stimulation. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of activation‐induced cell death by exposure to the CD137/4–1BB ligand involves up‐regulation of the anti‐apoptotic protein c‐FLIPshort. Inhibition of T cell death by 4–1BB ligation and up‐regulation of c‐FLIPshort and Bcl‐xL were abolished by blocking the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase or the AKT/protein kinase B, which also mediate CD28‐induced inhibition of activation‐induced cell death. Our findings, therefore, demonstrate that costimulatory molecules, although belonging to different protein families and participating in distinct upstream signaling pathways, employ common downstream signaling pathways.
The natural killer T cell ligand α‐galactosylceramide prevents or promotes pristane‐induced lupus in mice
Authors: Singh Avneesh K. , Yang Jun‐Qi , Parekh Vrajesh V. , Wei Jie , Wang Chyung‐Ru , Joyce Sebastian , Singh Ram R. , Van Kaer Luc 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in organs such as kidneys and presence of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. We have previously shown that CD1d deficiency in BALB/c mice exacerbates lupus nephritis and autoantibody production induced by the hydrocarbon oil pristane. Here, we have tested the impact of activating CD1d‐restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells on pristane‐induced lupus‐like autoimmunity in BALB/c and SJL mice. Repeated in vivo treatment of pristane‐injected BALB/c mice with the NKT cell ligand α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) prior to the onset of florid disease suppressed proteinuria, in a manner that was dependent on CD1d and IL‐4 expression. In sharp contrast, however, similar treatment of pristane‐injected SJL mice with α‐GalCer resulted in increased proteinuria. Consistent with these dichotomous effects of NKT cell activation on the development of lupus‐like autoimmunity, NKT cells in BALB/c and SJL/J mice exhibited a mixed Th1/Th2 and a Th1‐biased cytokine production profile, respectively. These findings demonstrate that NKT cell activation with α‐GalCer suppresses or promotes pristane‐induced lupus‐like autoimmunity in mice, in a strain‐dependent manner.
A soft on‐column metal coating procedure for robust sheathless electrospray emitters used in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Pearce Evan W. , Kimmel Joel R. , Yoon Oh Kyu , Zuleta Ignacio A. , Zare Richard N. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn on‐column metal coating procedure was developed for sheathless electrospray emitters, based on Justus von Liebig's electroless silver mirror reaction followed by electrochemical deposition of gold onto the silver layer. The coating procedure is straightforward, mild, inexpensive, and can be performed with standard laboratory equipment. A long‐term (600 h) stability investigation of the conductive coating was carried out by continuous electrospray in the positive electrospray mode, and no degradation in performance was found. The simplicity of the coating procedure and the robustness of the spray tips makes the spray tips highly suitable to couple delicate wall‐coated or monolithic capillary columns to mass spectrometry. Peptide mixtures were separated by capillary electrophoresis and injected into either a Hadamard‐transform time‐of‐flight mass analyzer or a commercial quadrupole mass analyzer using the described sheathless electrospray emitters. The performance was judged to be excellent.
Design of an optically frequency or phase‐controlled oscillator for hybrid fiber‐radio LAN at 5.2 GHz
Authors: Egels M. , Delacressonnière B. , Sahabun Y. , Lecoy P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe propose the design of a transceiver directly converting an OOK optical signal into a microwave carrier that is either FSK or PSK modulated. The transceiver consists of a microwave oscillator based upon a silicon‐germanium (SiGe) heterojunction phototransistor (HPT). The simulations show that a binary rate of 200 Mb/s is possible for a carrier of 5.2 GHz and reaches 1 Gb/s with a carrier at 12 GHz. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 104–107, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20737
Analysis of finite and curved frequency‐selective surfaces using the hybrid volume‐surface integral equation approach
Authors: Yu Chun , Lu Cai‐Cheng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn practical applications, frequency‐selective surfaces (FSSs) are finite, and sometimes even curved. In this paper, we present a hybrid volume‐surface integral‐equation approach to analyze the transmission and reflection characteristics of finite and curved FFS structures. The hybrid integral equations are established using the surface‐ and volume‐equivalent principles. This approach has two advantages. One is the capability of modeling arbitrarily shaped FSS structures in detail, the other one allows us to easily apply the multilevel fast multiple algorithm to speed up the solution process. The scattering characteristics and frequency responses of several FSSs are analyzed. The simulation results show that for a finite‐sized FSS, reducing the radius of curvature causes amplitude variation, frequency shift, and bandwidth change in the reflection and transmission responses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 107–112, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20738
A novel electronically scannable log‐periodic leaky‐wave antenna
Authors: Augustin Gijo , Shynu S. V. , Aanandan C. K. , Mohanan P. , Vasudevan K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn innovative phaseshifterless, wideband, microstrip leaky‐wave antenna with an electronically steerable dual‐pencil‐beam pattern in the H‐plane is presented. The log‐periodic geometry of the leaky slots of the antenna results in a wide bandwidth of 25.19%. The fan beam can be steered up to 14° over the wide resonating band of the antenna. The beam is also steerable at a fixed frequency, by reactivelty loading the slots and a maximum steering angle of about 14° is observed for different capacitor values with an improved bandwidth of 33.3%. This concept is studied using passive components, but it can be extended to varactors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 163–165, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20757
A study of the low‐energy interference oscillations in photoreflectance of GaAsSb/GaAs quantum well structures
Authors: Blume G. , Hosea T. J. C. , Sweeney S. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe present a room temperature photoreflectance (PR) investigation of GaAsSb/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) structures grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. We encounter strong low energy interference oscillations (LEIO), which tend to obscure any PR signals arising from the QW. By varying the angle of incidence, we exploit the LEIO to estimate the refractive index of the layer responsible and thus identify it. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to model the lineshapes of the observed LEIO accurately, through calculations of the Seraphin coefficients. This then allows us to deduce the actual thickness of the layer responsible, which is found to be close to the nominal value. These calculations in turn suggest a way to avoid the LEIO – by shortening the laser excitation wavelength. This successfully reveals good PR signals from the QW region, yielding several transition wavelengths, which we then compare with a theoretical model, assuming a small type II offset between GaAsSb QW and GaAs spacer layers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
QSARs for Prioritizing PBT Substances to Promote Pollution Prevention
Authors: Carlsen Lars , Walker John D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe selection of Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) substances constitutes an important task in the possible regulation of chemicals. Due to the shortage of experimental data, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) estimates for these endpoints appear as an attractive alternative. In the present study, biodegradation, bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicity estimates were obtained using the BioWin, BCFWin and ECOSAR modules of the EPI suite. Partial order theory was used to rank QSAR‐based PBT substances. The proposed approach is suggested as a decision support tool to facilitate subsequent pollution prevention activities by regulated and regulatory communities.
Free and total para‐aminobenzoic acid analysis in plants with high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Fang , Mortier Kjell A. , Storozhenko Sergei , Van De Steene Jet , Van Der Straeten Dominique , Lambert Willy E. 
Published: March 2005

Abstractpara‐Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor in the synthesis of folates in plants, is determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In plants PABA can be converted into its β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (PABA‐Glc) and can also exist in its free form. In this work, we developed and validated a quantitative method to study free and total PABA in plants. The total PABA (free PABA plus PABA‐Glc) can be evaluated after acid hydrolysis at 80°C for 2 hours. The plant material is homogenized and the PABA content is quantified using the standard addition procedure. The validated method is selective, sensitive, simple, accurate, has a recovery between 99.6 to 102.5%, is reproducible (RSD between 1.4 and 4.4%), and is linear between 2.5 and 1538 ng/mL. Free and total PABA determinations in five vegetables showed that different plant species had different amounts of free and total PABA, and that the ratios of total versus free PABA were also variable. This new method could be valuable for studies of folate synthesis in plants. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using commercial catch statistics to detect habitat bottlenecks in large lowland rivers
Authors: Wolter Christian , Menzel Ronald 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThirty‐seven years of fisheries records covering a fishing area of 6231 ha in the lower Havel River, Germany, have been analysed to address two issues: (1) detection of the effects of habitat bottlenecks caused by extreme floods and droughts on adult fish assemblage; and (2) evaluating the appropriateness of commercial fisheries statistics in testing the habitat bottleneck concept. Time series analyses of the data were first tested for autocorrelations and then classified using the CHAID (Chi‐squared Automatic Interaction Detector) and C&RT (Classification and Regression Trees) algorithms. The significant environmental predictors revealed by these segmentation procedures were used in cross‐correlations with various time series of fisheries yields. No single hydraulic flood parameter was significantly correlated with fisheries yield but two drought parameters were. The strongest predictor of native fish species was the minimum discharge during the spawning season (March to June). Although total fisheries yield typically increased in years with low flows, probably because of higher catch efficiencies, the yields of pike and pikeperch significantly decreased in the following two years. By comparison, significantly higher catches of pike, perch, asp, burbot, and ide were recorded in the three years following periods of sustained higher base flows. Our findings suggest that habitat bottleneck effects on fish assemblages have an important role in influencing fish community structure and do require further study. Information on habitat bottlenecks will contribute to the setting of ecological flow requirements and sustainable fisheries in large rivers systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.