bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple bone cysts of the proximal humerus presented with limb length discrepancy: A case report
Authors: Lin Cing Syue , Lin Shang Ming , Rwei Syang-Peng , Chen Chin-Wen , Lan Tsung-Yu 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Simple bone cysts (SBC) are benign tumor-like bone lesions typically identified in children. While SBC may lead to growth disturbances or growth arrest, such cases are uncommon. The mechanisms behind these observations remain unclear. Additionally, research on the etiology of SBC remains inconclusive, and there has been no consensus on the appropriate timing and methodology for treatment.
CASE SUMMARY
Here, we present our experience in the successful surgical management of a 10-year-old girl with SBC, who presented with a pathological fracture complicated by malunion of the displaced fracture, varus deformity, and limb length discrepancy. We hypothesized two possible etiologies for the patient’s growth arrest and subsequent humerus varus deformity: (1) Direct disruption of the physis by fluid from the cyst itself; and (2) damage to the epiphysis due to repetitive pathological fractures associated with SBC. In addressing this case, surgical intervention was undertaken to correct the proximal humerus varus deformity. This approach offered the advantages of simultaneously correcting angular abnormalities, achieving mild limb lengthening, providing definitive SBC treatment, and reducing the overall treatment duration.
CONCLUSION
As per current literature, acute correction of acute angular deformity in proximal humeral SBC is not well comprehended. However, in this specific case, acute correction was considered an optimal solution.
Postoperative abdominal herpes zoster complicated by intestinal obstruction: A case report
Authors: Dong Zhen-Yu , Shi Rui-Xian , Song Xiao-Biao , Du Ming-Yue , Wang Ji-Jun 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Intestinal obstruction is a common occurrence in clinical practice. However, the occurrence of herpes zoster complicated by intestinal obstruction after abdominal surgery is exceedingly rare. In the diagnostic and treatment process, clinicians consider it crucial to identify the primary causes of its occurrence to ensure effective treatment and avoiding misdiagnosis.
CASE SUMMARY
Herein, we present the case of a 40-year-old female patient with intestinal obstruction who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and developed herpes zoster after surgery. Combining the patient's clinical manifestations and relevant laboratory tests, it was suggested that the varicella zoster virus reactivated during the latent period after abdominal surgery, causing herpes zoster. Subsequently, the herpes virus invaded the visceral nerve fibers, causing gastrointestinal dysfunction and loss of intestinal peristalsis, which eventually led to intestinal obstruction. The patient was successfully treated through conservative treatment and antiviral therapy and subsequently discharged from the hospital.
CONCLUSION
Pseudo-intestinal obstruction secondary to herpes zoster infection is difficult to distinguish from mechanical intestinal obstruction owing to various causes. In cases of inexplicable intestinal obstructions, considering the possibility of a viral infection is essential to minimize misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses.
Giant bile duct dilatation in newborn: A case report
Authors: Quan Dong-Wen , Li Peng-Gang , Xu Xiang-Hua , Liu Shi-Qi 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Giant congenital biliary dilation (CBD) is a rare condition observed in clinical practice. Infants born with this condition often experience a poor overall health status, and the disease progresses rapidly, leading to severe biliary obstruction, infections, pressure exerted by the enlarged CBD on abdominal organs, disturbances in the internal environment, and multiple organ dysfunction. The treatment of giant CBD using laparoscopy is challenging due to the high degree of variation in the shape of the bile duct and other organs, making it difficult to separate the bile duct wall from adjacent tissues or to control bleeding.
CASE SUMMARY
Herein, we present the details of an 11-d-old male newborn who was diagnosed with giant CBD. The patient was admitted to the neonatal surgery department of our hospital due to a history of common bile duct cyst that was detected more than 3 mo ago, and also because the patient had been experiencing yellowish skin for the past 9 d. The abnormal echo in the fetal abdomen was first noticed by the patient’s mother during a routine ultrasound examination at a local hospital, when the patient was at 24 wk + 6 d of pregnancy. This finding raised concerns about the possibility of congenital biliary dilatation (22 mm × 21 mm). Subsequent ultrasound examinations at different hospitals consistently confirmed the presence of a congenital biliary dilatation. No specific treatment was administered for biliary dilatation during this period. A computed tomography scan conducted during the hospitalization revealed a large cystic mass in the right upper quadrant and pelvis, measuring approximately 9.2 cm × 7.4 cm × 11.3 cm. Based on the scan, it was classified as a type I biliary dilatation.
CONCLUSION
The analysis reveals that prenatal imaging techniques, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, play a crucial role in the early diagnosis, fetal prognosis, and treatment plan for giant CBD. Laparoscopic surgery for giant CBD presents certain challenges, including difficulties in separating the cyst wall, anastomosis, and hemostasis, as well as severe biliary system infection and ulceration. Consequently, there is a high likelihood of converting to laparotomy. The choice between surgical methods like hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) or hepaticoduodenostomy has not been standardized yet. However, we have achieved favorable outcomes using HJ. Preoperative management of inflammation, biliary drainage, liver function protection, and supportive treatment are particularly vital in improving children’s prognosis. After discharge, it is essential to conduct timely reexamination and close follow-up to identify potential complications.
Adult sigmoid intussusception resembling rectal prolapse: A case report
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Jung , Liu Yu Shih 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Rectal prolapse arises from benign etiology. When symptoms of internal intussusception mirror those of rectal prolapse, a misdiagnosis is possible, especially under limited clinical presentation. It is crucial to recognize and differentiate rectal prolapse from internal intussusception because the two diagnoses have different prognoses. Here, we describe a case of adult sigmoid intussusception presenting as rectal prolapse.
CASE SUMMARY
A 64-year-old woman with no known medical history visited a gastrointestinal outpatient department due to hard bloody stool defecation for 1 wk followed by constipation for 3 d. Colonoscopy revealed a huge polypoid ulcerated tumor at the sigmoid colon with lumen stenosis. The patient was admitted due to post-procedural dull abdominal pain. Due to failed colonoscopy reduction and stent insertion, the patient underwent sigmoid colon resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis, with the transverse colostomy pathological report showing adenocarcinoma, pT3N0M0. She recovered well from the operation and was discharged with regular outpatient clinic follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Presentation and manifestation of sigmoid intussusception may resemble that of rectal prolapse, necessitating careful observation due to distinct prognostic implications.
Gigantic occipital epidermal cyst in a 56-year-old female: A case report
Authors: Wei Yao , Chen Peng , Wu Hao 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Gigantic epidermal cysts (GECs) are rare benign skin appendicular tumours also known as keratinocysts. GECs have a high incidence and their wall is made up of epidermis. Epidermal cysts can occur in any part of the skin; clinical manifestations include skin colour hemispherical swelling; cystic; mobile; 0.5 cm to several centimetres in diameter; and slow growth.
CASE SUMMARY
Herein, we report a case involving a 56-year-old female with a GEC in the occipitalia. On July 25, 2023, a patient with a GEC was admitted to the neurosurgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University. The phyma was shown to be a solid mass during the operation and was confirmed to be a GEC based on pathological examination.
CONCLUSION
Epidermal cysts are common cystic nodules on the surface of the body, the aetiology is unclear, the clinical manifestations can vary, and the misdiagnosis rate is high. However, giant epidermal cysts are rare. In most cases, however, the prognosis is satisfactory. This paper analyses and summarizes the population, location, clinical and pathological characteristics and pathogenesis of the disease to strengthen the understanding of this disease and improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.
Parotid metastasis of rare lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Yan Ru-Xi , Dou Lin-Bo , Wang Zi-Jia , Qiao Xue , Ji Hong-Hai , Zhang Yan-Cong 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of malignancy-related deaths worldwide. The most common sites of metastasis include the nervous system, bone, liver, respiratory system, and adrenal glands. LC metastasis in the parotid gland is very rare, and its diagnosis presents a challenge. Here, we report a case of parotid metastasis in primary LC.
CASE SUMMARY
The patient was a 74-year-old male who was discovered to have bilateral facial asymmetry inadvertently two years ago. The right earlobe was slightly swollen and without pain or numbness. Computed tomography (CT) examination showed bilateral lung space-occupying lesions. Pulmonary biopsy was performed and revealed adenocarcinoma (right-upper-lung nodule tissue). Positron emission tomography-CT examination showed: (1) Two hypermetabolic nodules in the right upper lobe of the lung, enlarged hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the right hilar and mediastinum, and malignant space-occupying lesion in the right upper lobe of the lung and possible metastasis to the right hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes; and (2) multiple hypermetabolic nodules in bilateral parotid glands. Parotid puncture biopsy was performed considering lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Gene detection of lung biopsy specimens revealed an EGFR gene 21 exon L858R mutation.
CONCLUSION
This case report highlights the challenging diagnosis of parotid metastasis in LC given its rare nature. Such lesions should be differentiated from primary tumors of the parotid gland. Simple radiological imaging is unreliable, and puncture biopsy is needed for final diagnosis of this condition.
Risk of long COVID and associated symptoms after acute SARS-COV-2 infection in ethnic minorities: A nationwide register-linked cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Mkoma George Frederick , Agyemang Charles , Benfield Thomas , Rostila Mikael , Cederström Agneta , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Norredam Marie 
Published: February 2024

Background
Ethnic minorities living in high-income countries have been disproportionately affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of infection rates, hospitalisations, and deaths; however, less is known about long COVID in these populations. Our aim was to examine the risk of long COVID and associated symptoms among ethnic minorities.

Methods and findings
We used nationwide register-based cohort data on individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years (n = 2,287,175) between January 2020 and August 2022 in Denmark. We calculated the risk of long COVID diagnosis and long COVID symptoms among ethnic minorities compared with native Danes using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression, respectively.
Among individuals who were first time diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, 39,876 (1.7%) were hospitalised and 2,247,299 (98.3%) were nonhospitalised individuals. Of the diagnosed COVID-19 cases, 1,952,021 (85.3%) were native Danes and 335,154 (14.7%) were ethnic minorities. After adjustment for age, sex, civil status, education, family income, and Charlson comorbidity index, ethnic minorities from North Africa (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.12,1.79], p = 0.003), Middle East (aHR 1.38, 95% CI [1.24,1.55], p < 0.001), Eastern Europe (aHR 1.35, 95% CI [1.22,1.49], p < 0.001), and Asia (aHR 1.23, 95% CI [1.09,1.40], p = 0.001) had significantly greater risk of long COVID diagnosis than native Danes. In the analysis by largest countries of origin, the greater risks of long COVID diagnosis were found in people of Iraqi origin (aHR 1.56, 95% CI [1.30,1.88], p < 0.001), people of Turkish origin (aHR 1.42, 95% CI [1.24,1.63], p < 0.001), and people of Somali origin (aHR 1.42, 95% CI [1.07,1.91], p = 0.016). A significant factor associated with an increased risk of long COVID diagnosis was COVID-19 hospitalisation. The risk of long COVID diagnosis among ethnic minorities was more pronounced between January 2020 and June 2021. Furthermore, the odds of reporting cardiopulmonary symptoms (including dyspnoea, cough, and chest pain) and any long COVID symptoms were higher among people of North African, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, and Asian origins than among native Danes in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Despite including the nationwide sample of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, the precision of our estimates on long COVID was limited to the sample of patients with symptoms who had contacted the hospital.

Conclusions
Belonging to an ethnic minority group was significantly associated with an increased risk of long COVID, indicating the need to better understand long COVID drivers and address care and treatment strategies in these populations.
Costume in Motion: A Guide to Collaboration for Costume Design and Choreography, E. Shura Pollatsek (2021)
Authors: Helve Tua 
Published: February 2024

Review of: Costume in Motion: A Guide to Collaboration for Costume Design and Choreography, E. Shura Pollatsek (2021)
New York and Abingdon: Focal Press and Routledge, 218 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-81536-687-4, p/bk, £38.99
ISBN 978-0-81536-688-1, h/bk, £120
ISBN 978-1-35125-852-4, e-book, £35.09
Typical Lipschitz images of rectifiable metric spaces
Authors: Bate David , Takáč Jakub 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article studies typical 1-Lipschitz images of 𝑛-rectifiable metric spaces 𝐸 into

R
m

\mathbb{R}^{m}

for

m
≥
n

m\geq n

.
For example, if

E
⊂

R
k

E\subset\mathbb{R}^{k}

, we show that the Jacobian of such a typical 1-Lipschitz map equals 1

H
n

\mathcal{H}^{n}

-almost everywhere and, if

m
>
n

m>n

, preserves the Hausdorff measure of 𝐸.
In general, we provide sufficient conditions, in terms of the tangent norms of 𝐸, for when a typical 1-Lipschitz map preserves the Hausdorff measure of 𝐸, up to some constant multiple.
Almost optimal results for strongly 𝑛-rectifiable metric spaces are obtained.
On the other hand, for any norm

|
⋅
|

\lvert\,{\cdot}\,\rvert

on

R
m

\mathbb{R}^{m}

, we show that, in the space of 1-Lipschitz functions from

(

[

−
1

,
1
]

n

,

|
⋅
|

∞

)

([-1,1]^{n},\lvert\,{\cdot}\,\rvert_{\infty})

to

(

R
m

,

|
⋅
|

)

(\mathbb{R}^{m},\lvert\,{\cdot}\,\rvert)

, the

H
n

\mathcal{H}^{n}

-measure of a typical image is not bounded below by any

Δ
>
0

\Delta>0

.
Quadratic differentials as stability conditions: Collapsing subsurfaces
Authors: Barbieri Anna , Möller Martin , Qiu Yu , So Jeonghoon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We introduce a new class of triangulated categories, which are Verdier quotients of three-Calabi–Yau categories from (decorated) marked surfaces, and show that its spaces of stability conditions can be identified with moduli spaces of framed quadratic differentials on Riemann surfaces with arbitrary order zeros and arbitrary higher order poles.
A main tool in our proof is a comparison of two exchange graphs, obtained by tilting hearts in the quotient categories and by flipping mixed angulations associated with the quadratic differentials.
Causal and Abstract Systems for the Transfer of Corporeal Movable Property – The (Un-)Importance of the Distinction in Light of Other Legal Mechanisms to Protect Transferees in Good Faith
Authors: Lusznat Leonard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

280The article rejects the (possible) assumption that what is important instead of the distinction between causal and abstract systems for the transfer of corporeal movable property is (only) the protection of transferees in good faith. Its analysis takes five existing abstract jurisdictions (Germany, Estonia, Greece, Scotland and South Africa) into account. It identifies and examines three legal mechanisms (other than the principle of abstraction) to shield parties in good faith from the invalidity of preceding contractual agreements, that is, firstly, bona fide acquisition, secondly, relative effects of invalidity, and thirdly, (instant) acquisitive prescription. The article demonstrates that the (practical) relevance of adhering to the principle of causality or abstraction almost exclusively depends on the rules of other areas of law (delict or tort, unjustified enrichment, compulsory enforcement and insolvency law) as well as the three legal mechanisms protecting bona fide parties analysed – hence, the distinction between causal and abstract jurisdictions is indeed of limited significance. However, the protection an abstract legal system is able to offer goes in three respects beyond safeguarding transferees in good faith: firstly, for parties in bad faith, secondly, in two-party situations, and thirdly, for third-party holders of limited/subordinate real (security) rights, which is why the (possible) assumption raised above is rejected.281
Three-dimensional property: Current development trends on the Polish example
Authors: Kaczorowska Maria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

126The majority of modern European legislations traditionally follows the concept of land ownership derived from Roman law. It is based on the assumption that the owner’s rights are unlimited in spatial terms. Within this understanding, the spatial scope of ownership extends to open space above and below a specific part of the land’s surface, delineated two-dimensionally. Several exceptions to the general underlying approach have been successively introduced in particular European legal systems in the course of historical development. These include, in the first place, building leases and apartment ownership as well as separate ownership of buildings. Furthermore, widely accepted limitations as to the vertical scope of ownership stem from specific regulations in the fields of mining law, geological law, water law and aviation law. Another manifestation of departure from the traditional concept of land ownership are legal solutions falling into the category of three-dimensional (3D) property, which is of increasing interest nowadays in view of growing needs for new forms of ownership and land use in densely built urban areas. At the core of the concept of 3D property in the strict sense lies the possibility to divide the space into distinct layers defined by horizontal and vertical planes, and to create so-called three-dimensional immovable properties which constitute independent objects of property rights. Such 3D units can serve multiple above- and underground investment purposes. Regulations regarding different models of 3D property rights have already been adopted in a number of countries in Europe and worldwide. Recently, conceptual work on layered ownership has been undertaken in Poland, which has opened a discussion in the legal scholarship on the future legislative changes to be implemented in order to introduce the notion of 3D property to domestic law. In parallel with these tendencies, the idea of 3D cadastre is being promoted. It offers 127the possibility to register real estate objects located at different levels. Worthy of note in this regard is also the impact of the current technological advancements on increasing the investment potential of urban space through 3D property formation. This article elaborates, first, on the general concept and selected types of 3D property rights existing in national jurisdictions. Against this background, the proposal for the new legal construct of layered ownership has been discussed with particular consideration of the possible ways of adapting it to the Polish property law framework. Some of the opportunities and challenges brought about by the 3D property rights development have been then outlined in the context of extensive implementation of emerging technologies in real estate transactions.
Achieving a Common Future for all Through Sustainability-Conscious Legal Education and Research Methods
Authors: Poto Margherita Paola , Murray Emily Margaret 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This contribution explores ecological literacy as a critical facet of legal inquiry, focusing on expanding knowledge and practices oriented towards nature protection. Evolving to encompass interdisciplinarity and a systems-thinking approach, ecological literacy is crucial for achieving environmental sustainability. The study argues that integrating an approach promoting eco-responsible behaviors is essential for sustainability-centered legal research and education. This necessitates a shift in foundational pillars of legal methodology, moving beyond conventional dogmatic approaches and embracing a participatory and active dimension. The study provides a theoretical foundation for future applications for rethinking legal methodology to implement ecological literacy effectively.
On perturbation of continuous frames in Hilbert C
*-modules
Authors: Ghasemi Hadi , Lal Shateri Tayebe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the present paper, we examine the perturbation of continuous frames and Riesz-type frames in Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules. We extend the Casazza–Christensen general perturbation theorem for Hilbert space frames to continuous frames in Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules. We obtain a necessary condition under which the perturbation of a Riesz-type frame of Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules remains to be a Riesz-type frame. Also, we examine the effect of duality on the perturbation of continuous frames in Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules, and we prove that if the operator frame of a continuous frame F is near to the combination of the synthesis operator of a continuous Bessel mapping G and the analysis operator of F, then G is a continuous frame.
Busemann--Petty-type problem for μ-intersection bodies
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Gangyi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Busemann–Petty problem of arbitrary measure for symmetric star bodies is proposed and studied by Zvavitch, which is a generalization of the classical Busemann–Petty problem. In this paper, we study the Busemann–Petty-type problem for homogeneous measure for general star bodies.
Suitability analysis of optical filters for enhancing performance parameters in a QPSK CO-OFDM modulation system
Authors: Kaushik Vikas , Saini Himanshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Optical filtering affects the fiber impairments in a fiber optic transmission system and its overall efficiency. The fiber impairments like attenuation, dispersion, and nonlinearities are challenges to overcome. The optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) modulation is among the techniques to overcome these challenges. This paper uses O-OFDM with coherent transmission (denoted as CO-OFDM) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) for modulating subcarriers. It is denoted as QPSK CO-OFDM modulation. This QPSK CO-OFDM (denoted here as QC) modulation system is further modified by introducing different optical filters in its fiber optic link. Different variants of QC are created by using optical filters in its fiber link. For example, the QC_BL is the variant having an optical Bessel filter in its fiber link. Performances of each variant have been evaluated and compared in terms of BER. This comparison allows us to select a suitable filter for a particular parameter, such as dispersion, fiber length, input power, etc. The QC variant having no filter is denoted as QC_WF and is taken as a reference for comparison.