bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical shift and relaxation regularization improve the accuracy of 1H MR spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Wilson Martin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeAccurate analysis of metabolite levels from 1H MRS data is a significant challenge, typically requiring the estimation of approximately 100 parameters from a single spectrum. Signal overlap, spectral noise, and common artifacts further complicate the analysis, leading to instability and reports of poor agreement between different analysis approaches. One inconsistently used method to improve analysis stability is known as regularization, where poorly determined parameters are partially constrained to take a predefined value. In this study, we examine how regularization of frequency and linewidth parameters influences analysis accuracy.MethodsThe accuracy of three MRS analysis methods was compared: (1) ABfit, (2) ABfit‐reg, and (3) LCModel, where ABfit‐reg is a modified version of ABfit incorporating regularization. Accuracy was assessed on synthetic MRS data generated with random variability in the frequency shift and linewidth parameters applied to each basis signal. Spectra () were generated across a range of SNR values (10, 30, 60, 100) to evaluate the impact of variable data quality.ResultsComparison between ABfit and ABfit‐reg demonstrates a statistically significant (p <  0.0005) improvement in accuracy associated with regularization for each SNR regime. An approximately 10% reduction in the mean squared metabolite errors was found for ABfit‐reg compared to LCModel for SNR >10 (p <  0.0005). Furthermore, Bland‐Altman analysis shows that incorporating regularization into ABfit enhances its agreement with LCModel.ConclusionRegularization is beneficial for MRS fitting and accurate characterization of the frequency and linewidth variability in vivo may yield further improvements.
Colleague relationships as a stress factor for special needs school teachers: A comparison with other public schools
Authors: Matsushita Masateru , Yamamura Schuhei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimAlthough teachers in special needs schools do not always work long hours, their sick leave rate is higher than that of teachers in other types of schools. We aimed to compare the causes of stress between teachers in public special needs schools and different public schools and explore the stress factors among teachers in special needs schools.MethodsAn Internet‐based cross‐sectional survey was conducted between June and December 2021. We analyzed the data of 203,433 teachers with no missing values, including 15,159 teachers from special needs schools. Demographic variables, stress factors, psychological and physical stress responses, job satisfaction, and working hours were analyzed.ResultsAmong high‐stress teachers, 30.4% of the special needs school teachers had difficulties with their relationships with their colleagues; these difficulties were statistically significantly more frequent than for teachers in other school types (15.1% in elementary, 17.6% in junior high, and 19.1% in high schools). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high‐stress teachers in special needs schools were 1.82 times more likely than teachers in other types of schools to be stressed by their relationships with colleagues after controlling for age, sex, teaching experience, size of school, working hours per day, and job satisfaction (95% confidential interval = 1.65–2.01, Wald = 137.3, p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionThe findings suggest that not only a reduction in working hours but also the cultivation of human relationships and a cooperative working environment in the workplace may be effective in eliminating stress among teachers in special needs schools.
Moral Leadership and Professional Learning Communities: The Mediating Role of Teachers' Trust in Principals and the Moderating Role of Principals' Controlling Behavior
Authors: Qu Yun , Liu Simiao , Shao Ying , Li Guoqiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTProfessional learning communities are essential for school success, and principal leadership is crucial for teachers' participation in them. Based on social exchange theory and ambidextrous leadership theory, this study explored the mediating role of teachers' trust in principals between moral leadership and professional learning communities and the moderating role of principals' controlling behavior in this relationship. A total of 577 elementary school teachers in China participated in this study. The study found that moral leadership was positively related to professional learning communities, and this relationship was mediated by teachers' trust in principals. Additionally, principals' controlling behavior positively moderated the relationship between moral leadership and trust in principals, and negatively moderated the relationship between moral leadership and professional learning communities. These results contribute to the delivery of guidance for principals to enhance teacher trust and develop professional learning communities.
Enhancing Nitrocellulose Stability: Unveiling the Thermal Properties and Kinetic Degradation Mechanisms With Some Innovative Hybrid Stabilizers
Authors: Chebbah Memdouh , Benaliouche Fouad , Trache Djalal , Fouzi Tarchoun Ahmed , Abdelaziz Amir 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNitrocellulose (NC) is a highly energetic material used in various military and civilian applications. Nevertheless, the inherent instability of NC poses safety and storage lifetimes challenges. To address this issue, traditional stabilizers have been used to improve the thermal stability of NC. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of novel hybrid stabilizers in enhancing the thermal stability of NC. We have prepared a series of NC samples supplemented with different hybrid stabilizers, including combinations Of 2‐nitrodiphenylamine (2‐NDPA) along with cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) ion‐exchanged sodium mordenite (NaMOR) zeolite. The prepared samples underwent structural characterizations to study their chemical compatibility and chemical structures. Furthermore, their thermal behavior were assessed using a range of analytical techniques, including C80 microcalorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and standardized tests like the methyl violet (MV), vacuum stability, and Bergmann–Junk (B&J) protocols. Experimental results confirmed the good compatibility between the hybrid stabilizer components and NC matrix. Results from TGA and C80 microcalorimetry demonstrated that combining 2‐NDPA with the ion‐exchange NaMOR has a synergistic effect. This combination not only enhances the stability of NC but also reduces its rate of degradation compared to using 2‐NDPA alone. Additionally, accelerated thermal aging tests emphasized the effectiveness of the hybrid stabilizer systems, demonstrating their ability to scavenge nitroxide radicals and mitigate the harmful effects of free radicals produced during the pyrolysis of NC. Thermo‐kinetic results clearly indicated a significant increase in activation energy (Ea) and the pre‐exponential factor (log(A)) after the addition of the designed stabilizers. Compared to pristine NC, the Ea increased by a substantial margin of 37–74 kJ/mol, whereas the log(A) rose by 4.2–8.3 s−1, indicating enhanced thermal stability and a slower rate of decomposition. This research highlights the potential of hybrid stabilizers as a viable alternative to traditional stabilizers for NC, paving the way for the development of safer and more effective nitrate ester‐based energetic materials (NEEMs).
From data to action: A comprehensive Bow tie model for blowout risk management in the oil and gas industry
Authors: da Silva Alves Douglas Thiago , Weihrauch Guilherme Negreiros , de Azevedo Lima Felipe , Cesar Marcus Vinicius Giollo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe primary objective of this work is to enhance the management of operational risks associated with blowout incidents. At its core, this study employs key performance indicators (KPIs) to meticulously monitor and report on various technical and management levels within organizations. The article underscores the critical importance of assessing the condition and efficacy of safety barriers, particularly in high‐risk scenarios. It introduces an all‐encompassing methodology founded on the bow tie framework, which visually elucidates the relationships between threats, consequences, preventive, and mitigation controls associated with blowout scenario. This holistic approach commences at the operational level and extends through tactical and strategic hierarchical ones, including communications upwards the board—top management. In this sense, it meets the need for safety information to “travel upwards” on the companies' hierarchy in order to properly and quickly support decision‐making process, contributing to the strengthening of safety culture inside the organizations. Furthermore, the methodology integrates interdisciplinary viewpoints and is thoughtfully designed to transform raw data into actionable insights, optimizing resource allocation for risk management.
Tuberculosis Associated Chylothorax: A Case Report
Authors: Malego Niharika , Sapkota Ranjan , Sharma Aakriti , Thapaliya Pratikshya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTChylothorax is the accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity. Tuberculosis is one of its rarest causes. Diagnosis of chylothorax can be made by evaluation of triglycerides concentration in pleural fluid. It is primarily managed medically but surgery is indicated when the patients fail to improve after a trial of medical management. Here, we present a case of a 28‐year man who developed chylothorax while undergoing anti‐tuberculous treatment (ATT). After failing initial medical management, he underwent thoracic duct ligation with good result.
Flexible‐Fixed‐Time‐Performance‐Based Adaptive Tracking Control for Unmanned Helicopter With Input Saturation
Authors: He Zhiyang , Shi Shuang , Wang Haibo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article proposes an adaptive tracking control strategy for a 6‐DOF unmanned helicopter with external disturbances and input saturation, which is able to guarantee the flexible fixed‐time prescribed performance. Different from the majority of prescribed performance control methods with input saturation, which neglect the conflict between input and performance constraints, the strategy offered achieves a trade‐off by introducing a flexible fixed‐time prescribed performance function. Besides, the desired tracking signals are temporarily adjusted during the saturation phase to enhance the feasibility of the tracking task. A hyperbolic tangent function is utilized to tackle the problem of saturated input. To compensate for the composite disturbances that involve external disturbances and the estimation error of the hyperbolic tangent function, a parameter adaptive estimation method is adopted to approximate its upper bound. Combining with the backstepping technology, the trajectory tracking controller is investigated to guarantee that tracking errors meet the prescribed performance within fixed time. Comparative simulations illustrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed control scheme.
Green Synthesis of Pachyrhizus erosus‐Derived Carbon Aerogels for Adsorption of Oil and Organic Solvents and Investigation of Their Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Hieu Nguyen Huu , Vy Dang Ngoc Chau , Tu Phan Minh , Lam Cao Vu , Tran Ngo Hoang To , Trinh Trinh Tu , Yen Nguyen Tran Hai , Anh Du Dang My , Thang Tran Quoc , Vu Nguyen Hung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, to make the most of biomass as raw material, carbon aerogel was fabricated by green synthesis and low‐cost methods with high applicability. Pachyrhizus erosus‐derived carbon aerogel (PCA) was synthesized through a simple process by hydrothermal freeze‐drying combined with pyrolysis. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the characterization and applications of PCA was investigated at 600, 700, and 800 °C. Characterization of PCA was analyzed by modern methods: scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. With its diverse pore structure and bulk form, PCA was investigated for applications of oil and organic solvent adsorption and energy storage. From that, PCA becomes a potential material application in adsorption and energy storage with an oil adsorption capacity 31 times its volume and a specific capacitance of up to 349.9 F/g for PCA pyrolysis at 700 °C.
Aminocatalytic, Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazole Spiropyrazolones via Remote [4 + 2] Annulation of Indole Tethered Enal With Olefinic Pyrazolones
Authors: Prasad Madavi S. , Jha Aman Kumar , Boppuri Humpi , Rejith Diya , Bharani Sankar , Haridas Sreejith 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe present the first application of olefinic pyrazolone in conjunction with indole‐tethered enal with an aminocatalytic remote [4 + 2] annulation reaction, successfully yielding tetrahydrocarbazole spiropyrazolone frameworks in moderate to good yields, accompanied by significant enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities. The robustness of this developed protocol is demonstrated through the generation of a diverse array of 22 examples, all exhibiting consistent yields and stereoselectivities. Furthermore, we achieved a gram‐scale synthesis and synthesized the biologically relevant fluorohexahydrofuranocarbazole via a two‐pot, three‐step sequence involving [4 + 2]‐addition, reduction, and fluoroetherification reactions. Finally, we propose a plausible mechanism, supported by SC‐XRD and NOE experiments, highlighting a crucial aspect of this research.
Enhancing the Electrochemical Efficiency of ZnO/NiO Nano Composite Through Air Plasma Treatment
Authors: Deepa R. , Vijayalakhmi K. A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis investigation examines the electrochemical behaviors of ZnO/NiO nanocomposites synthesized through a hydrothermal method and subsequently subjected to air plasma treatment, highlighting their potential in energy storage applications. XRD analysis confirmed the highly crystalline nature of the wurtzite ZnO and cubic NiO phases without secondary impurities. Plasma treatment enhanced crystallinity, as evidenced by sharper diffraction peaks. FTIR analysis revealed improvements in oxygenated functional groups posttreatment. FESEM images showed uniform spherical structures (∼2 µm) with increased surface roughness, and EDAX confirmed the elemental composition. Electrochemical analysis revealed significant improvements in performance due to plasma treatment. The plasma treated ZnO/NiO exhibited a total capacitance of 4773 F/g, compared to 2773 F/g for untreated samples. Specific capacitance at 10 mV/s decreased from 829 F/g (untreated) to 691 F/g (treated); however, at 100 mV/s, the treated sample retained a higher capacitance (331 F/g) than the untreated (187 F/g). A higher b‐value (0.742) for treated samples indicates the enhanced capacitive behavior. Charge‐discharge studies demonstrated high reversibility, with treated samples achieving better nonlinear double layer characteristics. Impedance spectroscopy showed reduced polarization and charge transfer resistance for treated samples compared to untreated, indicating improved conductivity and active site availability. These outcomes spotlight the effectiveness of the plasma treatment of ZnO/NiO nanocomposites.
Decoding Framework Dynamics in a Spin Crossover Flexible Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Martinez‐Martinez Ana , Albalad Jorge , Resines‐Urien Esther , Sañudo E. Carolina , Mariano A. Lorenzo , Fabelo Oscar , Rodríguez‐Velamazán Jose Alberto , Poloni Roberta , Maspoch Daniel , Costa José Sánchez 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFunctional spin crossover (SCO) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hold promise for miniaturized spin‐based devices due to their tuneable molecule‐based properties near room temperature. SCO describes the phenomenon where transition metal ions switch between high spin (HS) and low spin (LS) states upon external stimuli. However, even simple guest molecules like water can significantly alter the properties of these materials. Understanding the interplay between SCO and these molecules is therefore crucial. This work investigates this interplay in a fascinating 3D Fe(II) SCO‐MOF, recently reported to exhibit reversible conductivity even in bulk. A combined experimental and computational approach is employed to explore how guest molecule uptake/release influences SCO dynamics including a transition from partial HS/LS to a fully LS state at high temperatures, (named reverse SCO) and ligand disorder‐order behavior. The findings reveal a solid‐state mechanism that differs from those previously described.
Ohmic Contact Heterostructures Immobilized Pt Single Atoms for Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wan Rui , Wang Yuguang , Chen Bin , Meng Guowen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPt single‐atoms catalysts have been widely confirmed as ideal electrocatalysts for high‐efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but their activity and durability at high current density remain great challenges, especially in alkaline media. Herein, a unique Ohmic contact heterostructure is fabricated by integrating Ni and NiO to immobilize Pt single‐atoms (Ni‐NiO‐Pt) via Pt‐O4 coordination for boosting the alkaline HER. Owing to transient high temperature and pressure in the laser ablation process, Ohmic contact heterojunctions are constructed at the interfaces between metal Ni core and nanoporous semiconducting NiO shell with adequate oxygen vacancies. The large work function difference triggers the electron transfer from Ni to Pt‐decorated NiO, which dramatically eliminates the electron conduction impedance and regulates the charge redistribution. Density functional theory calculation unveils that the multiple regulations of energy barrier and charge redistribution on Ohmic contact endow Ni‐NiO‐Pt with outstanding electrical conductivity and favorable hydrogen binding energy. Consequently, Ni‐NiO‐Pt displays superior alkaline HER performances with an overpotential of 23.54 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and protruding durability for 75 h at 500 mA cm−2, drastically outperforming commercial Pt/C and most reported HER electrocatalysts. The immobilization of Pt single‐atoms on Ohmic contact opens up an avenue toward the rational design of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
Spatial distribution of health risk assessment of a drinking water reservoir exposed to urban agglomeration and industrial lead contamination in Istanbul, Türkiye
Authors: Cüce Hüseyin , Kalipci Erkan , Ustaoğlu Fikret , Dereli Mehmet Ali , Alkaya Seda , Türkmen Aysun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Ömerli Dam, supplied by multiple rivers that provide a major amount of Istanbul's water demands for drinking and irrigation, is experiencing toxicological threats due to rapid expansion, increased industrial activity, and population growth in light of the impending global drought. In this study, multivariate statistical analysis and spatial distribution based on geographic information system (GIS) was used to examine the status of pollution and health risk, irrigation water quality, and stochastic geo‐environmental risk sources of 16 potentially toxic elements (PTEs: Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) concentrations from samples in the dam. Also, spatial analyzing of quality indices was used to assess the dam's feasibility for irrigation and drinking. As per the results of the study, the dam water has mild heavy metal (loid) pollution, which is measured at 16 PTE by the heavy metal (loid) pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal (loid) evaluation index (HEI) values. The pollution level is low during the rainy season and moderate during the dry season. The water at sampling station S3 (HPI = 146.50) is unfit for consumption and cannot be used for drinking. The majority of harmful metal species exhibited elevated concentrations (notably Pb: 51.78 μg/L, Cr: 8.55 μg/L) in the dam lake water, particularly during the dry season. The toxic metals Pb and Cd account for 15.95% of the total variance, with a high degree of loading. Lead concentrations were found to be above WHO and USEPA limit values only in S2 and S4 during the wet season, but above 0.01 mg/L in all stations except S1 during the dry. Dam water is acceptable for agricultural use, according on the results of the, sodium absorption rate, the percentage of Na and the magnesium damage index, average SAR < 0.9, Na% < 25, and MH < 50, respectively. HQingestion and HI values (all less than 1 in all PTEs) indicate that noncarcinogenic impacts might occur.Practitioner Points
Ömerli Dam provides most of the drinking and potable water needs of a mega city like Istanbul.
With this study, toxic metal pollution of dam surface water and its possible effects on human health were analyzed for the first time on a spatially wide scale.
Investigation of impact of split treatment on finished water quality for the Ames water treatment plant
Authors: Martindale Nicole , Ellis Timothy G. , Jacob Matthew , Hammes Lyle , Eshelman Gary 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn response to limited carbon dioxide availability and increasing costs during the COVID‐19 pandemic, an investigation into split treatment was performed. A 2020 pilot study showed that a 5% raw water bypass and target caustic alkalinity range of 26–36 mg/L as CaCO3 resulted in 25% and 7% carbon dioxide and lime savings, respectively. Considering this promising outcome, the potential for scaling and corrosion within the plant was evaluated during a subsequent split treatment trial in this study. Mild steel scale coupons were assessed for scaling and corrosion at four different treatment conditions. These results found that a 5% raw water bypass is predicted to have a minimal impact of scaling and corrosion on the water plant infrastructure when compared to full lime softening. Results are significant since split treatment can save over $150,000 annually with no apparent change in water quality, improving the plant's resilience and sustainability.Practitioner Points
A 5% raw water bypass produced scale and corrosion similar to full lime softening. Localized build‐up results in surface corrosion.
Relocation of SHMP did not show appreciable sequestration of hardness ions. Adjusting dosage and/or using a polyphosphate blend is recommended.
A 5% raw water bypass can be implemented at a lime softening facility to reduce chemical usage and cost.
A similar procedure can be conducted to analyze the impacts of a larger percent bypass for additional chemical savings.
Nonlinear stability of traveling wave fronts to the Lotka–Volterra competition system
Authors: Cao Xinyue , Wang Yang , Yao Meiping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, based on the weighted energy method, the conditions on the nonlinear stability of traveling wave fronts of Lotka–Volterra competition system with any noncritical speeds are studied. More accurately, by revising some technical details, we have proved that when the diffusion parameter satisfies for any speeds , where is the critical speed, the traveling wave fronts are exponential stability. While, for other cases, in order to obtain the same stability results, the values of speeds could be larger. Our conclusions expand the ranges of the speeds that traveling wave fronts are stable, which improves previous results.