bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Communities: The Opportunity for an Energy Transition Characterized by a Return to the Territory
Authors: Bolognesi Monica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe creation of energy communities represents an opportunity to overcome the traditional social acceptance paradigm and sector approach in the energy field. The case study of an energy community in the making in the Alpine region enables experimentation with a territorial and heritage approach to the energy transition. This research project tries to connect together territorial heritage, renewable energy sources, and the local community dimension, identified as a strategic field of action also by European directives on energy. The method of analyzing local heritage energy resources and their contribution to energy mix composition, as well as conducting interviews to identify potential stakeholders to involve in setting up the energy community, reveals the presence of untapped potential, both from energy and social capital perspectives. The enhancement of local energy potential, respecting the concept of limitation in resource use and consistent with the protection of territorial, environmental, and landscape heritage, shows the return to the territory in energy production as a sustainable energy transition perspective.
The Origins of Biographical and Life Course Research
Authors: Nilsen Ann 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter, on the origins of biographical and life course research, draws the lines from American pragmatism which started from a processual approach with time and temporality as central features. George Herbert Mead’s concept of the processual self provides an entry point for understanding biographical material. Crucial to the development of this approach was the meeting place provided by Hull House. The women at this charity, Jane Addams in particular, contributed to the methodological innovations of Chicago sociology. The funder of the charity provided a grant for William I Thomas study that he published with Florian Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. This first example of a sociological study that applied biographical material is presented. It discusses how this work only received recognition when Herbert Blumer chaired the Appraisal proceedings of it at an ASA session in 1938. C. Wright Mills’ book The Sociological Imagination made the dynamic history-biography relationship an inspiration for later biographical life course research. The chapter ends with a discussion of Glen Elder’s classic study Children of the Great Depression and demonstrates how Elder’s inspiration from Mills set his approach to the analysis of longitudinal data apart from those who sought to uncover ‘laws of social deviance’ through longitudinal studies.
The Revival of Biographical Research in Europe and America
Authors: Nilsen Ann 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe revival of biographical research in Europe and America is the topic of this chapter. Some of the most important contributions to a revival of this tradition are presented and the places and period in which these revivals occurred are discussed. The section on pioneering biographical studies on the continent gives an overview and discusses of the revival of this approach in French sociology with Daniel Bertaux and Isabelle Bertaux-Wiame, and in German sociology with the works of Martin Kohli and others who provided important contributions to the theoretical perspectives as well as to quantitative life course studies. In the UK sociologist Ken Plummer and the oral historian Paul Thompson were important for the development of biographical studies. In Scandinavia the life course approach was adopted in what was then called ‘women’s research’. In America Elder’s study inspired a more quantitative approach but his groundbreaking longitudinal study of the cohorts living through The Great Depression introduced the contextualist life course approach and a range of concepts.
Continuous Engineering for Trustworthy Learning-Enabled Autonomous Systems
Authors: Bensalem Saddek , Katsaros Panagiotis , Ničković Dejan , Liao Brian Hsuan-Cheng , Nolasco Ricardo Ruiz , Ahmed Mohamed Abd El Salam , Beyene Tewodros A. , Cano Filip , Delacourt Antoine , Esen Hasan , Forrai Alexandru , He Weicheng , Huang Xiaowei , Kekatos Nikolaos , Könighofer Bettina , Paulitsch Michael , Peled Doron , Ponchant Matthieu , Sorokin Lev , Tong Son , Wu Changshun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLearning-enabled autonomous systems (LEAS) use machine learning (ML) components for essential functions of autonomous operation, such as perception and control. LEAS are often safety-critical. The development and integration of trustworthy ML components present new challenges that extend beyond the boundaries of system’s design to the system’s operation in its real environment. This paper introduces the methodology and tools developed within the frame of the FOCETA European project towards the continuous engineering of trustworthy LEAS. Continuous engineering includes iterations between two alternating phases, namely: (i) design and virtual testing, and (ii) deployment and operation. Phase (i) encompasses the design of trustworthy ML components and the system’s validation with respect to formal specifications of its requirements via modeling and simulation. An integral part of both the simulation-based testing and the operation of LEAS is the monitoring and enforcement of safety, security and performance properties and the acquisition of information for the system’s operation in its environment. Finally, we show how the FOCETA approach has been applied to realistic continuous engineering workflowsfor three different LEAS from automotive and medical application domains.
Holography and correlation functions of huge operators: spacetime bananas
Authors: Abajian Jacob , Aprile Francesco , Myers Robert C. , Vieira Pedro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We initiate the study of holographic correlators for operators whose dimension scales with the central charge of the CFT. Differently from light correlators or probes, the insertion of any such maximally heavy operator changes the AdS metric, so that the correlator itself is dual to a backreacted geometry with marked points at the Poincaré boundary. We illustrate this new physics for two-point functions. Whereas the bulk description of light or probe operators involves Witten diagrams or extremal surfaces in an AdS background, the maximally heavy two-point functions are described by nontrivial new geometries which we refer to as “spacetime bananas”. As a universal example, we discuss the two-point function of maximally heavy scalar operators described by the Schwarzschild black hole in the bulk and we show that its onshell action reproduces the expected CFT result. This computation is nonstandard, and adding boundary terms to the action on the stretched horizon is crucial. Then, we verify the conformal Ward Identity from the holographic stress tensor and discuss important aspects of the Fefferman-Graham patch. Finally we study a Heavy-Heavy-Light-Light correlator by using geodesics propagating in the banana background. Our main motivation here is to set up the formalism to explore possible universal results for three- and higher-point functions of maximally heavy operators.
Remarks on QCD4 with fundamental and adjoint matter
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Lohitsiri Nakarin , Sulejmanpasic Tin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study 4-dimensional SU(N) gauge theory with one adjoint Weyl fermion and fundamental matter — either bosonic or fermionic. Symmetries, their ’t Hooft anomalies, and the Vafa-Witten-Weingarten theorems strongly constrain the possible bulk phases. The first part of the paper is dedicated to a single fundamental fermion or boson. As long as the adjoint Weyl fermion is massless, this theory always possesses a $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_{2N}^{\chi } $$

ℤ

2
N

χ

chiral symmetry, which breaks spontaneously, supporting N vacua and domain walls between them for a generic mass of the matter fields. We argue, however, that the domain walls generically undergo a phase transition, and we establish the corresponding 3d gauge theories on the walls. The rest of the paper is dedicated to studying the multi-flavor fundamental matter. Here, the phases crucially depend on the ratio of the number of colors and the number of fundamental flavors. We also discuss the limiting scenarios of heavy adjoint and fundamentals, which align neatly with our current understanding of QCD and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super Yang-Mills theory.
Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation
Authors: Lv Weihao , Zhang Qianqian , Li Yuanming , Liu Dan , Wu Xiuquan , He Xin , Han Yuanyuan , Fei Xiaowei , Zhang Lei , Fei Zhou 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
Proinflammatory necroptosis is the main pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke. Homer scaffolding protein 1 (Homer1) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein that exerts anti-inflammatory effects in most central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship between Homer1 and proinflammatory necroptosis in ischemic stroke remains unclear.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the role of Homer1 in ischemia-induced necroptosis.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model (pMCAO). Homer1 knockdown mice were generated using adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection to explore the role of Homer1 and its impact on necroptosis in pMCAO. Finally, Homer1 protein was stereotaxically injected into the ischemic cortex of Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre +/− mice, and the efficacy of Homer1 was investigated using behavioral assays and molecular biological assays to explore potential mechanisms.

Results
Homer1 expression peaked at 8 h in the ischemic penumbral cortex after pMCAO and colocalized with neurons. Homer1 knockdown promoted neuronal death by enhancing necroptotic signaling pathways and aggravating ischemic brain damage in mice. Furthermore, the knockdown of Homer1 enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, injection of Homer1 protein reduced necroptosis-induced brain injury inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors, and ameliorated the outcomes in the Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre+/− mice after pMCAO.

Conclusions
Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. These data suggested that Homer1 is a novel regulator of neuronal death and neuroinflammation.
Different glycosylation profiles of cystatin F alter the cytotoxic potential of natural killer cells
Authors: Senjor Emanuela , Pirro Martina , Švajger Urban , Prunk Mateja , Sabotič Jerica , Jewett Anahid , Hensbergen Paul J. , Perišić Nanut Milica , Kos Janko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCystatin F, a cysteine peptidase inhibitor, is a potent modulator of NK cytotoxicity. By inhibiting granule-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, cystatin F induces formation of non-functional NK cell stage, called split-anergy. We show that N-glycosylation determines the localization and cellular function of cystatin F. Cystatin F mostly exhibited high-mannose glycosylation in U-937 cells, both high-mannose and complex glycosylation in NK-92 and primary NKs, and predominantly complex glycosylation in super-charged NKs. Manipulating N-glycosylation with kifunensine increased high-mannose glycosylation of cystatin F and lysosome localisation, which decreased cathepsin C activity and reduced NK cytotoxicity. Mannose-6-phosphate could significantly reduce the internalization of extracellular cystatin F. By comparing NK cells with different cytotoxic potentials, we found that high-mannose cystatin F was strongly associated with lysosomes and cathepsin C in NK-92 cell line. In contrast, in highly cytotoxic super-charged NKs, cystatin F with complex glycosylation was associated with the secretory pathway and less prone to inhibit cathepsin C. Modulating glycosylation to alter cystatin F localisation could increase the cytotoxicity of NK cells, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential for treating cancer patients.
Graphical abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy with volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy and flattening filter-free beams: dosimetric considerations
Authors: Brekner Mark Christoph , Imhoff Detlef , Rödel Claus , Filmann Natalie , Licher Jörg , Ramm Ulla , Köhn Janett 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present study comparatively evaluates the impact of energy-matched flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beams with different energy levels on the physical-dosimetric quality of lung and liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment plans.

Methods
For this purpose, 54 different lung and liver lesions from 44 patients who had already received SBRT combined with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were included in this retrospective planning study. Planning computed tomography scans already available were used for the renewed planning with 6 MV, 6 MV-FFF, 10 MV, and 10 MV-FFF under constant planning objectives. The treatment delivery data, dosimetric distributions, and dose–volume histograms as well as parameters such as the conformity index and gradient indices were the basis for the evaluation and comparison of treatment plans.

Results
A significant reduction of beam-on time (BOT) was achieved due to the high dose rates of FFF beams. In addition, we showed that for FFF beams compared to flattened beams of the same energy level, smaller planning target volumes (PTV) require fewer monitor units (MU) than larger PTVs. An equal to slightly superior target volume coverage and sparing of healthy tissue as well as organs at risk in both lung and liver lesions were found. Significant differences were seen mainly in the medium to lower dose range.

Conclusion
We found that FFF beams together with VMAT represent an excellent combination for SBRT of lung or liver lesions with shortest BOT for 10 MV-FFF but significant dose savings for 6 MV-FFF in lung lesions.
Deutsche Version der Northoff Skala für subjektives Erleben bei Katatonie (NSSC-dv)
Authors: Brandt Geva A. , Fritze Stefan , Krayem Maria , Daub Jonas , Volkmer Sebastian , Kukovic Jacqueline , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Northoff Georg , Kubera Katharina M. , Wolf Robert Christian , Hirjak Dusan 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungPatientInnen mit Katatonie zeigen oft starke motorische, affektive und verhaltensassoziierte Symptome, hinter welchen das subjektive Erleben häufig verborgen bleibt. In dieser Arbeit soll die eigene systematisch-empirische Untersuchung zum subjektiven Erleben katatoner PatientInnen einem deutschsprachigen Publikum vorgestellt werden. Auf Basis aktueller Evidenz und der klinischen Erfahrung der AutorInnen wurde die „Northoff Skala für subjektives Erleben bei Katatonie“ (NSSC) modifiziert, erweitert und validiert. Es handelt sich um einen einfach anwendbaren Selbstauskunftsfragebogen, bestehend aus 26 Items, die das subjektive Erleben der Katatonie in seiner gesamten klinischen Vielfalt erfassen. Insgesamt wurden 46 PatientInnen mit Katatonie gemäß Internationaler Klassifikation der Krankheiten (11. Revision, ICD-11) nach ihren subjektiven Erlebnissen während der akuten Krankheitsphase gefragt. Die NSSC zeigte eine hohe interne Konsistenz (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0,91). Der NSSC-Gesamtscore war signifikant mit der Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS; r = 0,43; p < 0,01), dem Gesamtscore der Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; r = 0,30; p < 0,05), der Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; r = 0,33; p < 0,05) sowie mit Trait-Ängstlichkeit (STAI; r = 0,64; p < 0,01) assoziiert, was ihre Validität unterstützt. Eine vorläufige Validierung der NSSC ergab gute psychometrische Eigenschaften. Die NSSC ist ein nützliches Instrument für den klinischen Alltag zur Beurteilung des subjektiven Erlebens von PatientInnen mit Katatonie, um passende psychotherapeutische Interventionen bereitstellen zu können.
Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern: alte und neue Erkenntnisse – Teil 1: Klinik und Diagnostik
Authors: Dodel Richard , Berg Daniela , Duning Thomas , Kalbe Elke , Meyer Philipp T. , Ramirez Alfredo , Storch Alexander , Aarsland Dag , Jessen Frank 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern (DLK) ist nach der Alzheimer-Krankheit die zweithäufigste neurodegenerative Demenzerkrankung. Patienten mit DLK haben oft eine schlechte Prognose, mit schlechteren Ergebnissen als Patienten mit der Alzheimer-Krankheit in Bezug auf wichtige Parameter wie Lebensqualität, Belastung der Pflegepersonen, gesundheitsbezogene Kosten, Einweisungshäufigkeit in Krankenhäuser und Pflegeheime, kürzerer Zeitraum bis zur schweren Demenz und eine geringere Überlebensrate. Die DLK wird häufig fehldiagnostiziert und ist oft unterbehandelt. Daher ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, die DLK so früh wie möglich zu diagnostizieren, um eine optimale Versorgung und Behandlung zu gewährleisten.

Ziel der Arbeit
In diesem Übersichtsartikel sollen die wichtigsten neuen Erkenntnisse zu diagnostischen Instrumenten, der Epidemiologie und Genetik der Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern zusammengetragen werden.

Ergebnisse
Es existieren präzise klinischen Diagnosekriterien für die DLK, die eine ätiologische Zuordnung zulassen. Bildgebende Verfahren kommen standardmäßig bei der DLK zum Einsatz, insbesondere auch, um nicht neurodegenerative Ursachen auszuschließen. Insbesondere nuklearmedizinische Verfahren besitzen eine hohe diagnostische Aussagekraft.

Diskussion
Die Diagnose beruht in erster Linie auf der klinischen Symptomatik, obwohl die Entwicklung von In-vivo-Neurobildgebung und Biomarkern den Umfang der klinischen Diagnose sowie die Erforschung dieser verheerenden Krankheit verändert.
Cytoprotective potency of naringin against di-n-butylphthalate (DBP)-induced oxidative testicular damage in male rats
Authors: Anis Anis , El-Nady Sameh H. , Amer Hany A. , Elbaz Hamed T. , Elweza Ahmed E. , El-Borai Nermeen Borai , El-Ballal Salah S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the protective potential of naringin (NG) against di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)- induced testicular damage and impairment of spermatogenesis in rats. Forty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into six equal groups, and treated orally, 3 times weekly for 8 successive weeks. Control vehicle group was administrated olive oil, naringin-treated group was administered NG (80 mg/kg), DBP 250- and DBP 500- intoxicated groups received DBP (250 mg/kg) and (500 mg/kg), respectively, NG + DBP 250 and NG + DBP 500 groups received NG, an hour prior to DBP 250 and 500 administration. The results revealed that DBP induced dose-dependent male reproductive dysfunctions, included a significant decrease in the serum testosterone level concomitantly with significant decreases in the sperm count, viability, and total motility. Meanwhile, DBP significantly increased the testicular malondialdehyde level with significant reductions of glutathione content and catalase activity. Histopathologically, DBP provoked absence of spermatozoa, degenerative changes in the cell layers of seminiferous tubules and a significant decrease in the thickness of the seminiferous tubules epithelium. Conversely, the concomitant treatment with NG, one hour before DBP 250 or 500- intoxication mitigated the dose-dependent reproductive dysfunctions induced by DBP, evidenced by significant increases of serum testosterone level, sperm motility, count and viability along with marked improvement of the oxidant/antioxidant status and testicular histoarchitecture. In conclusion, the findings recorded herein proved that NG could mitigate DBP-induced testicular damage and impairment of spermatogenesis, suggesting the perspective of using NG as a natural protective and therapeutic agent for alleviating the reproductive dysfunctions and improving reproductive performance, mainly via its potent antioxidant activity.
On the accuracy of the finite volume approximations to nonlocal conservation laws
Authors: Aggarwal Aekta , Holden Helge , Vaidya Ganesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the error analysis for a certain class of monotone finite volume schemes approximating nonlocal scalar conservation laws, modeling traffic flow and crowd dynamics, without any additional assumptions on monotonicity or linearity of the kernel$$\mu $$μor the fluxf. We first prove a novel Kuznetsov-type lemma for this class of PDEs and thereby show that the finite volume approximations converge to the entropy solution at the rate of$$\sqrt{\Delta t}$$Δtin$$L^1(\mathbb {R})$$L1(R). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proof of any type of convergence rate for this class of conservation laws. We also present numerical experiments to illustrate this result.
Pork liver as a source of protein with excellent foaming properties
Authors: Feliu-Alsina Narcís , Saguer Elena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPork liver is a protein-rich offal, generated in large quantities in the meat industry and considered non-allergenic, although not highly appreciated by Western consumers. The recovery of its proteins through a simple and easily scalable process with the purpose of obtaining economical and environmentally friendly techno-functional ingredients might be an alternative for its valorization. Of great interest are protein fractions with good foaming properties that can act as substitutes for other highly allergenic proteins in food formulation. In this study, protein extractions from fresh pork livers were performed using buffer solutions adjusted to different pH (from 4.0 to 8.5), without a subsequent concentration/purification step. The main parameters evaluated were yield and foaming properties of the recovered extracts; their physicochemical characteristics and the SDS-PAGE protein profiles were determined as well. Acceptable extraction yields (> 50% of the total protein) were obtained using buffer solutions adjusted to pH ≥ 4.80, but their foaming properties were poor. By contrast, the extracts recovered using buffers adjusted to pH ≤ 4.75 were capable of forming very voluminous and stable foams, although rather low yields were achieved under these conditions (31.5–36.0% of the total protein). In addition to the profile of solubilized proteins, a low fat and relatively high carbohydrate content in the extracts seem to contribute to their excellent foaming properties. Therefore, protein extracts from fresh pork liver obtained using buffer solutions adjusted to pH 4.0–4.5 (extract pH: 5.3–5.6) could be a real alternative to other protein foaming agents that cause food allergies, in a simple, cost-effective and sustainable way.