bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audit of case-load and case mix of higher specialist trainees in child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Sharp Nicola , Morris Tim 
Published: September 2002

AIMS AND METHODThe aim of the audit was to ensure that the case-load and case mix for trainees in child and adolescent psychiatry met Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specialist Advisory Committee guidelines and that trainees were seeing cases with an appropriate mix of age, gender and diagnoses. Data on case-load and case mix were analysed annually and problem areas were identified and reviewed when the audit cycle was repeated. The audit cycle has been repeated three times.RESULTSSpecific findings from the audit included: female trainees were seeing a high percentage of girls; male trainees were seeing a high percentage of boys; some trainees were seeing a high proportion of cases of deliberate self-harm; and there was a recent increase in the number of cases of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The first two issues were rectified as a result of the audit process; the last is being monitored.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSTraining needs should come before service needs. Auditing trainees' case-loads and case mixes helped best to utilise the time available for clinical work during training.
Improving the quality of medical reports to mental health review tribunals
Authors: Egleston Paul , Hunter Michael D. 
Published: September 2002

AIMS AND METHODWe aimed to determine, using clinical audit, the effect of implementing national guidelines on the quality of responsible medical officers' (RMOs’) reports to the mental health review tribunal (MHRT). We blindly assessed the quality of 50 consecutive reports concerning patients detained under Sections 3 and 37. Twenty-five reports were written before guidelines were circulated; a further 25 were written following the distribution of guidelines and a checklist with every request for a report.RESULTSThe quality of reports, as measured by our checklist, significantly improved following the circulation of guidelines.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSIncreasing the awareness of guidelines by widespread circulation and the audit process is an effective way of improving the quality of RMOs' reports to the MHRT.
Medico-legal implications of drug treatment in dementia: prescribing out of licence
Authors: Lawrence R. M. , Scott K. , Duggal A. , Darwin C. , Brooks E. , Christodoulou G. 
Published: September 2002

AIMS AND METHODThere is increasing evidence-based knowledge in the drug treatment of psychotic and behavioural symptoms in dementia, but drugs do not possess a formal licence for these indications. Drug companies, health authorities, NHS trusts and medical defence unions were asked for their advice on the medico-legal implications for the prescribing clinician.RESULTSDrug companies, health authorities, medical defence unions and NHS trusts are aware of out-of-licence prescribing and leave ultimate accountability with the clinician. A suggested best practice is that of obtaining the patient's consent.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSOut-of-licence prescribing for psychotic and behavioural symptoms in dementia is widespread. This patient group may be unable to grant consent. The accountability of individual clinicians should be supported by more adequate medico-legal frameworks.
Unemployment rates among patients with long-term mental health problems
Authors: Perkins Rachel , Rinaldi Miles 
Published: September 2002

Aims and MethodTo examine the vocational status of people with longer-term mental health problems in the inner London Borough of Wandsworth. Data collected over 10 years on 1 April each year as part of an annual census of adults with longer-term mental health problems using community mental health and rehabilitation teams were analysed to examine the vocational status of these groups.ResultsWithin the borough unemployment rates among people with longer-term mental health problems increased steadily during the 1990s, despite a decreasing rate of general unemployment for the majority of that period. Unemployment among people with long-term mental health problems increased from 80% in 1990 to 92% in 1999, and the unemployment rates among those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia increased from 88% in 1990 to 96% in 1999.Clinical ImplicationsWork and employment is important in health as well as social functioning. Greater attention to vocational issues in clinical teams is required: the challenge for mental health services is to make employment interventions of demonstrated effectiveness available to all who need them.
Scottish survey of learning disability psychiatrists
Authors: Smiley E. , Cooper S.-A. , Miller S. , Robertson P. , Simpson N. 
Published: September 2002

Aims and MethodA survey was undertaken to determine the working arrangements of learning disability psychiatrists in Scotland. A questionnaire was sent to each of the 15 NHS providers of learning disabilities services in Scotland. Results were converted to the equivalent of whole time equivalent (WTE) consultant.ResultsThe results showed a wide range in the level of psychiatric staffing throughout services. The median consultant learning disability psychiatrist in Scotland covers a catchment population of 160 000 and works with 0.65 WTE non-consultant career-grade psychiatrists and 0.68 WTE training-grade psychiatrists. They are responsible for a median of 3.7 assessment and treatment beds, no rehabilitation beds, no day hospital places, 23 long-stay beds, 0.6 respite beds and 0.7 forensic beds. At the time of the survey, 15.6% of consultant posts were vacant.Clinical ImplicationsService provision appears to be variable across Scotland. The implications of this may warrant closer scrutiny.
Endocrinological Disorders and Celiac Disease
Authors: Collin Pekka , Kaukinen Katri , Välimäki Matti , Salmi Jorma 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCeliac disease is a permanent intolerance to dietary gluten. Its well known features are abdominal symptoms, malabsorption of nutrients, and small-bowel mucosal inflammation with villous atrophy, which recover on a gluten-free diet. Diagnosis is challenging in that patients often suffer from subtle, if any, symptoms. The risk of clinically silent celiac disease is increased in various autoimmune conditions. The endocrinologist, especially, should maintain high suspicion and alertness to celiac disease, which is to be found in 2–5% of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or autoimmune thyroid disease. Patients with multiple endocrine disorders, Addison’s disease, alopecia, or hypophysitis may also have concomitant celiac disease. Similar heredity and proneness to autoimmune conditions are considered to be explanations for these associations. A gluten-free diet is essential to prevent celiac complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, and infertility. The diet may also be beneficial in the treatment of the underlying endocrinological disease; prolonged gluten exposure may even contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. The diagnosis of celiac disease requires endoscopic biopsy, but serological screening with antiendomysial and antitissue transglutaminase antibody assays is an easy method for preliminary case finding. Celiac disease will be increasingly detected provided the close association with autoimmune endocrinological diseases is recognized.
The Intrauterine Environment Is a Strong Determinant of Glucose Tolerance during the Neonatal Period, Even in Prematurity
Authors: Gray I. P. , Cooper P. A. , Cory B. J. , Toman M. , Crowther N. J. 
Published: September 2002

The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of birth weight and gestational age to glucose tolerance in premature neonates. The study group consisted of 100 premature and/or small-for-gestational age infants. Anthropometric measurements were performed both at birth and at the time of a standardized milk feed carried out at 19.6 ± 12.1 d (range, 1–65 d) after birth. Fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin levels were measured.Birth weight, as a proxy mirror of the intrauterine environment, was found to influence the glucose concentration following a standardized milk feed (β = −0.46; P = 0.01 for birth weight z-score with 60-min glucose level), whereas gestational age did not. Small-for-gestational age neonates had higher 60-min insulin levels than appropriate-for-gestational age neonates (115.4 ± 9.5 vs. 68.4 ± 14.2; P &lt; 0.05) despite similar glucose levels. Neonates born of mothers who were on antihypertensive treatment were smaller and had a higher insulin secretory response than neonates from normotensive mothers. Postnatal growth velocity (kilograms per day) correlated with birth weight (β = −0.65; P &lt; 0.0001) and insulin resistance (β = −0.31; P = 0.0004), independently of each other.This study shows that glucose tolerance of the neonate is determined by weight attained at birth irrespective of gestational age and that maternal blood pressure may influence insulin sensitivity of the newborn. Furthermore, catch-up growth in neonates is determined by birth weight and insulin sensitivity.
Palladium(II) and bidentate phosphine‐catalyzed selective synthesis of N‐aryl‐2‐pyrrolidinones via cyclocarbonylative coupling of 2‐aminophenol and 2‐aminothiophenol
Authors: Longo Luigia , Mele Giuseppe , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Sgobba Vito , Ali Bassam El , Vasapollo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe inter‐ and intra‐molecular regioselective cyclocarbonylative coupling of 2‐aminophenol (1a) and 2‐aminothiophenol (1b) with various allylhalides was achieved in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium acetate and 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane to afford N‐aryl‐2‐pyrrolidinones (3, 4) in 47–65% yields. Other aminophenol derivatives have also been used and gave good yields of the corresponding N‐aryl‐2‐pyrrolidinones. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclocarbonylation reactions of allylphenols and allylnaphthols catalyzed by Pd/C– 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphine)butane
Authors: Maffei Annamaria , Mele Giuseppe , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Vasapollo Giuseppe , Crisafulli Carmelo , Scirè Salvatore , Mantia Franco La 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPalladium/activated carbon (Pd/C) in the presence of 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for cyclocarbonylation reactions of 2‐allyl phenols affording five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered ring lactones. Various examples of cyclocarbonylation are reported and the regioselectivity is compared with the homogeneous system. Both commercial Pd/C and Pd/C prepared from activated carbons obtained from vegetable and polymeric wastes are investigated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alumino‐organic derivatives of some dioximes
Authors: Voiculescu Nicolae 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe alumino‐organic combinations of the dioximes (DOxH2) examined in this paper result from the substitution of the hydrogen bonds of oximes by alumino‐organic groups. Relative to the same alumino‐organic derivatives, diphenylglyoxime (DPGH2) behaves similarly to dimethylglyoxime (DMGH2). The chemical reactivity of DPGH2 towards these alumino‐organic compounds is, however, less than in the case of DMGH2. An exception is the monomer state of (DPG)[Al(i‐C4H9)2]2 in benzene solution. The behavior relative to amines of alkyl derivatives is similar to that found in coordinated oximes. In contrast, phenylaluminum derivatives of DMGH2 and DPGH2 are not soluble in amines. All compounds reported in this paper were separated from the reaction mixture as colored powders and were characterized by chemical analyses, IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectra and 1H NMR. Finally, a comparison between the reactivity of free and coordinated dioximes is briefly considered. It is hoped that such comparisons will throw light on the problems associated with the reactivity of free and coordinated oxides versus alumino‐organic compounds. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Styrene polymerization in the presence of the CpTiCl3/Al2O3–SiO2/MAO catalytic system
Authors: Jamanek Dariusz , Woyda Anna , Skupiński Wincenty 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSyndiotactic polymerization of styrene in the presence of heterogenized hemititanocene catalysts CpTiCl3/Al2O3–SiO2/MAO (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; MAO = methylaluminoxane) showed that the yield and selectivity of this reaction depend on the support composition, i.e. on the Al2O3 content in the support. The most active catalysts contained Al2O3 in a quantity of 50 to 70 wt%. Despite a relatively lower selectivity of 75–59%, the amount of syndiotactic polystyrene in the presence of those catalysts was the greatest. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speciation of phenyltin(IV) compounds using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Part 2: The direct analysis of mixed standard solutions of triphenyltin halides/pseudohalide and of triphenyltin carboxylates containing functional group variations in the esteryl moiety
Authors: Lal Shobha K. , Tan G. H. , Tioh N. H. , Das V. G. Kumar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSimultaneous speciation of mixed standard solutions of triphenyltin halides (triphenyltin chloride, bromide, iodide) and pseudohalide (triphenyltin isothiocyanate) has been achieved with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography on a Waters Spherisorb S5W ODS‐2 (octadecyl‐silica) column. An isocratic mixture of 95:5 (v/v) acetonitrile:water was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1. A series of selected triphenyltin carboxylates, Ph3SnOCOZ, where Z = Me, Ph, CH:CHPh, CH:NOMe, CH2SC5H4N and CH2SC(S)NMe2, was also similarly analysed using this system with two separate isocratic elutions using 100% acetonitrile and 96:4 (v/v) acetonitrile:water as the mobile phase. UV detection was done at 254 nm and the total run time for each analysis was less than 3 min. The detection limits for all the phenyltin(IV) compounds were in the range 0.01–0.03 ppm. Spiked water samples containing the triphenyltin carboxylates could also be simultaneously analysed by the above method without the need for any prior derivatization, following extraction with hexane. Pretreatment of the aqueous sample with NaCl/HCl and of the organic phase with hexamethylphosphoramide enabled recoveries of about 80% of the triphenyltins. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural characterization and thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymers containing 2‐butyl‐2‐ethyl‐1,3‐propanediol
Authors: Kint Darwin P. R. , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxou , Sansalvadó Antoni , Ferrer Josep , Iribarren José I. , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymers (abbreviated PEBEPT) containing 2‐butyl‐2‐ethyl‐1,3‐propanediol (BEPD) for the whole range of compositions were prepared by bulk polycondensation of either terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate as the diacid monomer with mixtures of ethylene glycol and BEPD. Polymer intrinsic viscosities varied from 0.4 to 0.8 dL/g with weight‐average molecular weights oscillating between 25,000 and 90,000. All the copolymers were found to have an almost ideal random microstructure. Melting and glass‐transition temperatures of the PEBEPTs decreased with the content in BEPD, whereas their thermal stability was barely affected by composition. The crystallinity and isothermal crystallization rate of the PEBEPTs rapidly decreased with the incorporation of BEPD. X‐ray diffraction revealed that the triclinic crystal structure of PET was retained in the copolymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1077–1086, 2002
Preparation and performance characteristics of short‐glass‐fiber/maleated styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene/polypropylene hybrid composites
Authors: Tjong Sie Chin , Xu Shi Ai , Yu Li Robert Kwok , Mai Yiu Wing 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEighty/twenty polypropylene (PP)/styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) and 80/20 PP/maleated styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS‐g‐MA) blends reinforced with 30 wt % short glass fibers (SGFs) were prepared by extrusion and subsequent injection molding. The influence of the maleic anhydride (MA) functional group grafted to SEBS on the properties of SGF/SEBS/PP hybrid composites was studied. Tensile and impact tests showed that the SEBS‐g‐MA copolymer improved the yield strength and impact toughness of the hybrid composites. Extensive plastic deformation occurred at the matrix interface layer next to the fibers of the SGF/SEBS‐g‐MA/PP composites during impact testing. This was attributed to the MA functional group, which enhanced the adhesion between SEBS and SGF. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated that SEBS promoted the crystallization of PP spherulites by acting as active nucleation sites. However, the MA functional group grafted to SEBS retarded the crystallization of PP. Finally, polarized optical microscopy observations confirmed the absence of transcrystallinity at the glass‐fiber surfaces of both SGF/SEBS/PP and SGF/SEBS‐g‐MA/PP hybrid composites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1303–1311, 2002
Synthesis and characterization of anionic graft copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide) grafts
Authors: Atta Ayman M. , Arndt K.‐F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGraft copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide) side chain attached to maleic anhydride‐alt‐vinyl methyl ether (MA‐VME) copolymer were prepared by coupling MA‐VME and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MPEG) by esterification in DMF at 90°C. MPEG and dodecyl alcohol (DA) were grafted onto MA‐VME copolymer in o‐xylene at 140°C in the presence of p‐toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst. The molecular weights of MPEG were found to influence the rate of the grafting reaction and the final degree of conversion. The graft copolymers were characterized by IR, GPC, and 1H‐NMR. DSC was used to examine thermal properties of the graft copolymers. The analysis indicates that grafts have phase‐separated morphology with the backbone and the MPEG grafts forming separate phases. The properties in aqueous solutions of these grafts were studied with respect to aggregation behavior and viscometric properties. In aqueous solution, the polymers exhibited polyelectrolyte behavior (i.e., a dramatic increase of the viscosity upon neutralization). Graft copolymers with DA have lower viscosities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1138–1148, 2002
Archaeological geophysics in East Anglia, UK
Authors: Cott Peter J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGeophysical surveying in East Anglia has proven to be less successful than in other parts of the UK, and this is attributed to the soils in the region, which tend to contain much gravel and sand. However, some interesting results have been obtained using both resistivity and magnetometry. Three examples are given, at Caistor St Edmund, Norfolk, Pleshey, Essex, and Gosbecks, Colchester, Essex. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of bisphenol A in rat brain by microdialysis and column switching high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Sun Yen , Nakashima Mihoko N. , Takahashi Masakatsu , Kuroda Naotaka , Nakashima Kenichiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA sensitive column switching HPLC‐fluorescence detection for determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in rat brain by coupling with microdialysis was developed. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the hypothalamus of rat brain and an artificial cerebrospinal fluid was used for perfusion. BPA in brain dialysate was subjected to a fluorescent derivatization with 4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB‐Cl), and the excess reagent was removed by a column‐switching technique. Separation was carried out on two ODS semimicro‐columns with the mobile phase of acetonitrile–H2O–methanol–tetrahydrofuran (55:10:35:2.5, v/v) and acetonitrile–0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 3.0)–methanol (35:10:55, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.10 and 0.15 mL/min for a precolumn and a separation column, respectively. Fluorescence intensity was monitored at 475 nm with excitation of 350 nm. BPA could be sensitively detected at 0.3 ppb in 60 µL brain microdialysate at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. By the proposed method, concentrations of BPA in rat brain and plasma were monitored for 8 h after single i.v. or oral administration. It is proved that BPA is capable of penetrating the blood–brain barrier. The ratio of the area under the concentration–time curve of BPA in rat brain to that in blood was estimated to be about 3.0–3.8%. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary observations on the influence of rheumatoid alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein on collagen fibril formation
Authors: Haston J. Louise , FitzGerald Oliver , Kane David , Smith Kevin D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) isolated from both normal and rheumatoid plasma on type II collagen fibril formation. Rheumatoid samples were obtained over 2 years from two patients with early arthritis. The glycosylation of each sample was analysed to establish any correlation with fibrillogenesis. Rheumatoid AGP displays increased fucosylation compared to normal AGP. In both patients the fucosylation dipped after 1 year, then rose again over year 2. It is proposed that year 1 corresponds to the acute phase of the disease and the onset of chronic inflammation after this time produces a subsequent increase in fucosylation. Rheumatoid AGP influences type II collagen fibrillogenesis. Native fibrils were produced but with differences in the rate and extent of fibrillogenesis depending on AGP concentration and fucosylation. Low concentrations produced a decrease in fibrillogenesis rate and fibril diameter. High concentrations produced fibrils at a rate and diameter dependent on fucosylation. Highly fucosylated AGP produced narrow fibrils slowly, whereas poorly fucosylated AGP produced thicker fibrils more quickly. We propose that differences in glycosylation (especially fucosylation) of AGP are responsible for differences in collagen fibrillogenesis and this phenomenon may contribute to the exacerbation of cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Copyright­© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LC‐ESI‐MS analysis of taxoids from the bark of Taxus wallichiana
Authors: Madhusudanan K. P. , Chattopadhyay S. K. , Tripathi V. K. , Sashidhara K. V. , Kukreja A. K. , Jain S. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLC‐ESI‐MS analysis was carried out for taxoid profiling of partially purified methanol extracts of the stem bark of Taxus wallichiana growing in different regions of the Himalayas (Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, UP hills, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh). Cone voltage fragmentation of the protonated, ammonium or sodium cationized molecular species resulted in diagnostic fragment ions. Thus, information about the number and nature of substituents and the taxane skeleton (whether it is normal or rearranged) was readily available from the LC‐ESI‐MS spectra. The rearranged 11(15→1)‐abeo‐taxanes showed a characteristic elimination of the hydroxyisopropyl along with an acetoxy group. The identification of the taxoids was achieved by comparison of the ESI mass spectra with those of the authentic taxoids available to us or by interpreting the ESI mass spectra. The results were also corroborated by MS/MS analysis of the partially purified extract injected directly into the ESI source. Paclitaxel, its analogues and their xylosides are present in samples from all the regions. An interesting observation is the detection of a large number of basic taxoids having nitrogen‐containing side chains. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous muscle of the wrist
Authors: Ragoowansi R. , Adeniran A. , Moss A.L.H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA case of an anomalous muscle found in the right wrist of a 52‐year‐old man during routine carpal tunnel decompression surgery is reported. The muscle was observed lying transversely across the carpal tunnel superficial and parallel to the flexor retinaculum. Its further definition was subsequently demonstrated by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No similar structure was detectable on MRI of the left wrist. Clin. Anat. 15:363–365, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.