bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of 16 Slice Contrast Enhanced CT Scan for Detection of Malignancy in Patients with Complex Adnexal Masses on Ultrasonography (Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard)
Authors: Sharif Sana , Kiani Asma Afzal , Mushtaq Nazia , Khalid Fareeha , Uzair Muhammad , Sharif Unaiza 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a 16-slice contrast-enhanced CT scan (CECT) for the detection of malignancy in patients with complex adnexal masses on Ultrasonography (USG) (taking histopathology as the gold standard).
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2020.
Methodology: Seventy-five patients with adnexal masses were included. All patients had 16-slice contrast-enhanced CT scans. All the patients then had exploratory laparotomy, followed by histopathology as the gold standard. The diagnostic accuracy of CECT (contrast-enhanced computed tomography) was detected by determining sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy.
Results: 16-slice contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a sensitivity of 92.2%, specificity of 93.4%, and diagnostic accuracy of 93.1%.for correctly diagnosing adnexal malignancy.
Conclusion: Due to its high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy, 16 slice contrast-enhanced CT scan is a reliable test for diagnosing malignancy among patients with unexplained adnexal masses on USG.
Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy with variations in Serum Sodium and Potassium Concentration
Authors: Yaqub Umairah , Khattak Irfan , Naseem Samina , Imran Ayesha , Kamal Khawar , Niazi Abbas 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To study the variation in Serum Sodium and Potassium concentration in Pre-eclampsia and Normotensive pregnant ladies.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian District Gujrat Pakistan, from Jun 2020 to Jan 2021.
Methodology: The study population Comprosed of 80 pre-eclamptic and 80 normotensive pregnant women recruited consecutively at their first, third trimester, and prenatal visits. Serum Sodium and Potassium were analysed using Ericson Photometer.
Results: When the two Groups were compared, in the Normotensive Group, the mean Sodium concentration of 132±4.490 mEq/dl was significantly less than the Pre-eclampsia Group of 139.1±3.909 mEq/dl. On the contrary, mean Serum Potassium concentration was significantly less in Pre-eclampsia 3.54±0.511 mmol/L compared to the Normotensive Group to 4.0±0.513 mmol/L.
Conclusion: High levels of Sodium and low level of Potassium were observed in the Pre-eclampsia Group. There may be a causal relationship between electrolyte fluctuations and Pre-eclampsia.Keywords: Electrolytes, Hypertension, Potassium, Pre-eclampsia, Sodium.
Clomiphene Supported Ovulation Induction in Subfertile Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women: Role of Different Insulin Sensitizers
Authors: Parveen Shagufta , Iram Nabila , Saeed Bushra Zahid , Yaqub Umairah , Niazi Najmusaqib Khan 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare Clomiphene Citrate, ovulation induction efficacy following using insulin sensitises, Metformin versus Myo-inositol in subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Jun to Nov 2021.
Methodology: A total of 316 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility who were included in the study. Group-A was administered Metformin, whereas Group-B as given Myo-inositol. Both groups were given clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction and were followed for six months.
Results: There were 316 patients (158 in each Group). The mean age was 29.2±0.5 years, and the BMI of 23.2±1.7 Kg/m2 in both. Ovulation recorded in Group-A (Metformin) was 141(44.6%) versus Group-B (Myo-inositol), 103(32.6%). The pregnancy test was positive 33(21.1%) patients of Group-A versus 29(18.4%) of Group-B. The common complaints seen in both groups were nausea and vomiting 2(0.6%), while headache 1(0.3%) and dizziness 2(0.6%) occurred only in Group-B.
Conclusion: Clomiphene citrate with Metformin, as first-line therapy for sub-fertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome, improved ovulation and had fewer side effects than Myo-inositol.
Antibiotic Prescription Trends Among the Paediatric Population Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Rawalpindi
Authors: Iqbal Sana , Azam Naila , Ikram Farooq , Feroz Shizan Hamid , Khan Abid , Ranjha Waqas 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To demonstrate the antibiotic usage and trends among paediatric patients admitted to the tertiary care hospital of Rawalpindi.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric In-Patient Department of two Tertiary Care Hospitals, in Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May to Dec 2021.
Methodology: After rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, 395 admitted patients of the paediatric ward were included in the study from two tertiary care hospitals in Rawalpindi through simple random sampling.
Results: A total of 395 patients were included; the mean age was 3.35±4.07 months, ranging from 0 to 45 months. 132(33.4%) patients from Hospital-A and 263(66.6%) from Hospital-B. Out of 395 patients, 35(8.7%) patients were given no Antibiotic, 240(60.8%) were given one antibiotic, 84(21.3%) patients were given two antibiotics, 33(8.3%) patients were given three antibiotics and 3(0.9%) patients were given four antibiotics. Of 360, 340(94.4 %) were given IV antibiotics, and 20(5.6%) were advised oral antibiotics.
Conclusion: The youngest children received the most antibiotic prescriptions, progressively decreasing as they aged. irrational use of antibiotics is a significant risk factor to cause antimicrobial resistance.
Computed Tomography Scan Head Findings in Patients With Various Glasgow Coma Scales Presenting with Head Injury in Emergency of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad Hamza , Saddiqa Amina , Khan Maria , Khan M Asad Sultan , Mughal Sikandar Bakht Khan , Pervaiz Tamkeen 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To associate the findings of CT scan with the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of cases presenting with head trauma in the Emergency Department.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Emergency Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2021.
Methodology: Ninty head injury cases of either gender, aged 12-60 years were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. The severity of the head injury was determined via GCS. CT scan findings were noted.
Results: The mean age was 22.21±11.10 years. The highest frequency of patients was noted in the age group of (13-29 years).The most common cause of head injury in men was road traffic accidents n=39/58(67.24%). As per GCS scoring, 63.3% of patients had mild brain injury. A strong association was observed between GCS and CT scan findings in cases with brain oedema (p=0.002), skull fracture (0.018) and no findings on CT scan (p-value≤0.001). No association between findings on CT scan and GCS scoring was noted in cases with epidural, subdural hematoma, cerebral contusions, intracranial and subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Conclusions: There is a lack of association between brain injury based on GCS scoring and CT scan findings. Using GCS scoring only for assessing the degree of brain injury is insufficient.Keywords: Computed tomography (CT) scan, Glasgow coma scales (GDS), Head injury.
Effectiveness and Safety of Suprachoroidal Injection of Triamcinolone in Patients with Resistant Macular Edema
Authors: Naeem Saquib , Malik Noureen , Ahmad Jawwad , Rauf Abdul , Janjua Teyyeb Azeem , Naimat Khalid 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of resistant macular edema.
Study Design: Non-randomized, pre-post experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan and Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Jul 2021.Methodology: Patients with age of 18 years and above, either gender, diagnosed for macular edema due to diabetic macular edema, choroidal neovascularization, pseudophakic macular edema were included in the study. Triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg/ml, 0.1 ml was administered into suprachoroidal space as study intervention and post procedural follow-ups for week 1, week 4 and week 8 were performed.
Results: There were 37 total patients enrolled, 30(81.1%) were males while 7(18.9%) were females with mean age of 54.65±14.8 years. At baseline, the mean value of visual acuity was 0.84±0.33, which improved to 0.77±0.35 on week-1 follow up, 0.61±0.38 on week-4 and 0.58±0.44 at week-8 follow up. At baseline mean central macular thickness was 449.4±117.2μm, which decreased to 400.5±93.9μm, 365.1±95.1μm and 354.9±92.1μm at week 1, 4 and 8 follow up. It was observed that 16(43.2%) patients reported to experience pain at injection, while remaining 21(56.8%) did not experience pain.
Conclusion: It is concluded that single dose of triamcinolone injection administered via suprachoroidal route of administration is found to be safe and effective treatment modality for patients suffering with resistant macular edema.Keywords: Central Macular thickness macular edema, Suprachoroidal administration, Triamcinolone acetate.
Frequency of Dental Injuries in Patients Reporting to the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry
Authors: Rana Nadeem Ahmed , Abbasi Qurat ul Ain , Maryum Dr Areeba , Ullah Mohib , Tu Zahra Syeda Fatima , Yousaf Ajmal 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency, cause and type of dental injury in patients reporting to Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry.
Study design: Cross-Sectional Survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Sep 2021 to Sep 2022.
Methodology: A questionnaire was filled out for 357 patients reporting dental injury, including the extent of hard and soft tissue injuries. The cause and place of injury occurred; investigations, the treatment provided by the treating dentists ranging from restoration to root canal, type and duration of splint were also recorded.
Results: In the current study, 189(52.9%) out of 357 children got injury due to falls to the playground and other places. Maxillary incisors were mostly affected, and 163(45.7%) children had complicated crown fractures. Rigid splinting was done in 39(70.9%) of root fracture cases, while flexible splinting was done in 162(53.6%) patients with complicated crown fracture cases and 81(26.8%) complicated crown fracture cases. In 72(88.8%) cases of uncomplicated crown fracture, indirect pulp capping was done, and in 67(41.1%) cases of complicated crown fracture, root canal treatment were done. Apexification was done in 28(68.3%) of avulsion cases.
Conclusion: Our survey showed that most injuries occurred at school and the roadside. Maxillary incisors are primarily involved with complicated crown fractures, which are effectively managed.Keywords: Avulsion, Complicated crown fracture, Dental injury, Splinting.
Multimodal imaging in radiation retinopathy following orbital metastasis
Authors: Sanjay Srinivasan , Acharya Isha , Srinivasan Priya , Mahendradas Padmamalini 
Published: October 2023

Background: Radiation retinopathy is a major cause of vision loss in patients receiving radiotherapy to the head and orbit. Diabetic retinopathy is included in the differential diagnosis owing to similar clinical features, including microaneurysms, cotton-wool spots, hard exudates, and macular edema. The only significant pathological difference is that radiation retinopathy spares pericytes, unlike diabetic retinopathy. Multimodal imaging helps diagnose and predict the prognosis of radiation retinopathy, which is presented in this case report.
Case Presentation: A 55-year-old woman diagnosed with stage-4 metastatic breast carcinoma presented with gradual diminution of vision in the left eye (OS) over 5 months. Vision in the right eye was lost because of orbital radiotherapy for orbital metastasis. The patient underwent multiple sessions of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Examination of the left eye revealed a best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) of 20/30. Fundus examination of the OS revealed multiple cotton-wool spots and retinal hemorrhages. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed diffuse macular leakage with capillary nonperfusion. Multicolor imaging (MCI) with Spectralis™ revealed black dots in the blue and green reflectance images, corresponding to capillary dilatation on FFA. Darker dots were more evident in the infrared images. BCDVA improved to 20/20 in OS after tapering the dose of oral steroids for 2 months, with improvements in hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots. Focal laser photocoagulation was recommended for the treatment of persistent macular edema. The patient declined further treatment, was lost to follow-up, and passed away 6 months later.
Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of multimodal imaging for the identification and classification of radiation retinopathy. MCI using SpectralisTM has been described for the first time in radiation retinopathy and can be used to complement existing imaging modalities. Future studies involving more patients and a longer follow-up duration may provide better results for the applicability of these imaging modalities in the clinical setting.
Caracterización de la diversidad de la flora del oasis San Ignacio, Baja California Sur
Authors: Silva-Ávila Nancy , Hernández Francisco Javier , Nájera-Luna Juan A. , Aguirre-Calderón Carlos E. , Domínguez-Gómez Tilo G. 
Published: October 2023

Introducción: El manejo sustentable de los oasis requiere conocimiento de las condiciones de composición y diversidad de las especies que lo habitan. Objetivo: Estimar y comparar la diversidad y estructura de la vegetación en los estratos arbóreo, arbustivo y herbáceo del oasis San Ignacio, Baja California Sur, México.Materiales y métodos: Se ubicaron 140 sitios circulares (500 m2) de manera aleatoria, sobre los cuales se anidaron sitios de 20 m2 y 1 m2 para el registro de la vegetación en los estratos herbáceo, arbustivo y arbóreo. Los índices riqueza de especies, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Pielou y valor de importancia de las especies se utilizaron para estimar la diversidad vegetal en los estratos y caracterizar su estructura.Resultados y discusión: Se contabilizaron 53 taxones distribuidos en 17 órdenes, 25 familias y 47 géneros. La riqueza, diversidad y homogeneidad fueron mayores en el estrato herbáceo (S = 41, H´ = 3.21, J´ = 8.64, respectivamente) y menores en el estrato arbóreo (S = 21, H´ = 2.01, J´= 0.688). En lo que respecta al índice del valor de importancia, la especie con mayor peso ecológico en el estrato herbáceo fue Prosopis articulata S. Watson (33.35 %), en el arbustivo Cylindropuntia alcahes (F. A. B. Weber) F. M. Kunth (65.60 %) y en el arbóreo Phoenix dactylifera L. (92.94 %). Conclusiones: La riqueza y diversidad de la vegetación fueron superiores en el estrato herbáceo. Este estudio representa una línea base de indicadores útil para la evaluación de los cambios generados por eventos naturales o antropogénicos en el oasis San Ignacio.
Preserving the Tangible and Intangible Values of the Baltit Fort in Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan, through Adaptive Reuse
Authors: Akbar Syed Hamid , Plevoets Bie , Iqbal Naveed 
Published: October 2023

Tangible and Intangible values are the distinctive qualities that, through the connection of humans with a building and its surrounding community, enable the creation of a particular link called “genius loci” that links the past to the present. In the present time, ancient buildings and sites of historical importance are the carriers of collective memories, which, together with the local characters, create this special spirit of space. Over time, these associations have become an integral part of the local community, telling a unique story. The paper explores how tangible and intangible heritage values can be translated into a new use for a building, connecting its history to the present via a case study in Pakistan: The Baltit Fort (14th century AD). The 700-year-old fort was used as a residence until the 20th century but fell into disrepair over the years. After a restoration project that was part of the ‘Aga Khan Trust for Culture’ initiative in the northern areas of Pakistan, the building is now open to visitors as a museum. The paper will critically examine the approaches of the adaptive reuse implied for the project to explore how the tangible and the intangible essence of the past have played a role in proposing the new functions. The study’s outcome will be to see how the symbolic values of the past play an important role in giving a building a new function, preserving the spirit of the place, and preserving significant cultural assets.
AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA DO INFARTO PULMONAR EM GESTANTES
Authors: Justino Rudá Guimarães Rocha , Cunha Angélica Dumont , Duarte Lídia Costa , Marchesi Barbara Viana , Sousa Luana 
Published: October 2023

A avaliação clínica do infarto pulmonar em gestantes é uma questão médica de extrema importância devido às complexidades envolvidas no diagnóstico e tratamento dessa condição durante a gravidez. Gestantes apresentam um risco aumentado de desenvolver infarto pulmonar devido a fatores como estase venosa, hipercoagulabilidade e compressão vascular pelo útero grávido. A apresentação clínica pode ser atípica, e o cuidado deve ser tomado para garantir tanto a saúde materna quanto a fetal durante a avaliação e o tratamento. Objetivo: analisar e sintetizar a evidência disponível na literatura científica relacionada à avaliação clínica do infarto pulmonar em gestantes. Metodologia: seguiu o protocolo do checklist PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science e com os seguintes descritores: "pulmonary infarction," "pregnancy complications," "diagnosis," "treatment outcome," "systematic review". Critérios de Inclusão: Estudos publicados em inglês ou português, estudos que avaliaram casos de infarto pulmonar em gestantes, estudos que descreveram métodos diagnósticos utilizados durante a gravidez. Critérios de Exclusão: estudos que não se relacionavam diretamente com a avaliação clínica do infarto pulmonar em gestantes, estudos com desenhos inadequados, como relatos de caso não sistemáticos ou revisões narrativas, estudos sem dados disponíveis sobre métodos diagnósticos, tratamento ou desfechos maternos e fetais. Resultados: Foram selecionados 9 artigos. A revisão destacou a importância do uso de métodos diagnósticos como a angiografia pulmonar, a tomografia computadorizada (TC) e a cintilografia pulmonar na identificação do infarto pulmonar em gestantes. No entanto, a exposição à radiação ionizante foi uma preocupação, especialmente durante a gravidez. Os estudos analisados demonstraram a necessidade de um tratamento multidisciplinar envolvendo obstetras e pneumologistas. A anticoagulação com heparina de baixo peso molecular foi frequentemente indicada, mas a terapia trombolítica levantou preocupações devido ao risco de sangramento.Conclusão: A revisão sistemática destacou a complexidade da avaliação clínica do infarto pulmonar em gestantes. O diagnóstico preciso é desafiador devido à sobreposição de sintomas comuns da gestação, tornando essencial o uso de métodos diagnósticos avançados. O tratamento deve ser personalizado, levando em consideração os riscos e benefícios, e o acompanhamento próximo é fundamental para garantir desfechos favoráveis tanto para a mãe quanto para o feto.
Importancia del machine learning en la seguridad de la información dentro del ámbito financiero
Authors: Caciano Arroyo Maricielo Estefany , Vasquez Cabrera Antony Fernando , Mendoza de los Santos Alberto Carlos 
Published: October 2023

En la actualidad, el sector financiero está en constante evolución gracias a la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial, esta herramienta ha demostrado su gran poder en la capacidad de detectar y prevenir fraudes financieros. Sin embargo, estos delitos continúan siendo un riesgo para la protección de los datos sobre las instituciones financieras, lo que ha llevado a la implementación del Machine Learning como una medida eficaz para erradicar estas acciones ilegales.
Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática con el propósito de evaluar la relevancia del aprendizaje automático en la protección de la información en el ámbito financiero. Durante este proceso, se han analizado exhaustivamente los estudios publicados en el período comprendido desde el 2021 hasta el 2023.
Según los resultados obtenidos, la gran mayoría de los resultados revelan que los sistemas económicos emplean diferentes métodos de Machine Learning que contribuyen de forma efectiva a prevenir los fraudes y otras amenazas que afectan al sector. En este sentido, se pone de manifiesto la gran relevancia que tiene esta tecnología para avalar la seguridad de la información financiera.
“Emprendimiento sobre electrificación en baja tensión en la innovación del laboratorio de instalaciones eléctricas en la UNTELS”
Authors: Murillo Manrique Margarita Fredesvinda , Diaz Choque Martin , Salazar Tello Karla Edita 
Published: October 2023

La investigación tiene como objetivo electrificar el laboratorio de instalaciones eléctricas (LABIE) en niveles de baja tensión 220V a 60 Hz., para desarrollar las competencias prácticas de los estudiantes, así como incentivar el emprendimiento y la innovación en la mejora de los demás laboratorios. El procedimiento considera dos fases; la primera determinada por los estudios preliminares que concluye en el diseño del plano de electrificación utilizando el AutoCAD, en el cual se detallan las especificaciones técnicas basados en la normatividad del CNE-U, así como la infraestructura del LABIE. La segunda fase esta referida a la ejecución del estudio preliminar, a las pruebas de funcionamiento del tablero general del laboratorio (TG-LABIE), a los circuitos monofásicos y trifásicos en baja tensión, a la electrificación de las mesas de trabajo y módulos de aprendizaje. Los resultados del rediseño muestran que el nivel de electrificación mejoró en un 95%, y que los documentos normativos para utilizar el LABIE mejoró en un 100%. Se concluye como necesidad, que los laboratorios dispongan de un tablero independiente del sistema eléctrico general por seguridad para estudiantes y equipos, ya que las prácticas que se realizan en las asignaturas de la carrera de ingeniería mecánica eléctrica utilizan corriente alterna en baja tensión.
MODERNIZATION OF THE HYDRAULIC DRIVE DESIGN FOR SMOOTH OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE APRONS OF THE COKE CAR
Authors: Точилкин В.В. , Болдырев З.А. 
Published: October 2023

Рассмотрены конструкции оборудования механизма для открытия и закрытия фартуков коксотушильного вагона. Модернизация гидравлического оборудования механизма обеспечивает равномерную выгрузку протушенного кокса на коксовую рампу и увеличивает ресурс эксплуатации основного насосного агрегата. В работе рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с оценкой работоспособности гидравлической системы и насосной установки механизма открытия и закрытия фартуков коксотушильного вагона. Представлены компоновки новых систем гидравлического привода насосной установки и отдельных механизмов устройства.
The designs of the equipment of the mechanism for opening and closing the aprons of the coke-extinguishing car are considered. Modernization of the hydraulic equipment of the mechanism ensures uniform unloading of stewed coke on the coke rail and increases the service life of the main pump unit. The paper deals with issues related to the assessment of the operability of the hydraulic system and the pumping unit of the mechanism for opening and closing the aprons of the coke-extinguishing car. The layouts of the new hydraulic drive systems of the pumping unit and individual mechanisms of the device are presented.