bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Regulation of Cu−Co Thiospinel Hierarchical Microsphere to Enhance the Supercapacitive Properties
Authors: Xie Tian , Liu Hangning , Wang Lin , Wang Jie , Ma Chuanli , Xuan Cuijuan , Su Linghao , Gong Liangyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicro‐structure of the electrodes play significant role in regulating the supercapacitive properties. Herein, three‐dimensional hierarchical heterostructures (3DHHs) CuCo2S4 microspheres with regulated micro‐structure is constructed via a simple one‐step method. The 3DHHs CuCo2S4 microspheres experience two‐dimensional (2D) lamellar interpenetration structure→two‐dimensional (2D) lamellar interpenetration structure with nanoparticles embedded on the 2D lamellar→nanoparticles assembled lamellar interpenetration structure by simply tuning the reaction time. Typically, the transition state exhibits much higher specific surface area, which is conducive to electrochemical reaction by providing adequate electrochemical interfaces. As supercapacitor electrode, the 3DHHs CuCo2S4‐10 exhibits an excellent capacitance of 1060 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and even superior capacity retention of 86.7 % at 5 A g−1 after 13000 cycles. Noteworthy, asymmetric supercapacitor assembles by 3DHHs CuCo2S4‐10 and active carbon can achieve high energy density of 56.3 Wh kg−1 at 750 W kg−1, which holds more than 150 % capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. This work provides simply micro‐structure regulation in materials synthesis, which has significant potential in renewable energy applications.
Variability in prostate cancer detection among radiologists and urologists using MRI fusion biopsy
Authors: Patel Hiten D. , Halgrimson Whitney R. , Sweigert Sarah E. , Shea Steven M. , Turk Thomas M. T. , Quek Marcus L. , Gorbonos Alex , Flanigan Robert C. , Goldberg Ari , Gupta Gopal N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of radiologist and urologist variability on detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsies.Patients and methodsThe Prospective Loyola University MRI (PLUM) Prostate Biopsy Cohort (January 2015 to December 2020) was used to identify men receiving their first MRI and MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy for suspected PCa. Clinical, MRI and biopsy data were stratified by radiologist and urologist to evaluate variation in Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) grading, lesion number and cancer detection. Multivariable logistic regression (MVR) models and area under the curve (AUC) comparisons assessed the relative impact of individual radiologists and urologists.ResultsA total of 865 patients (469 biopsy‐naïve) were included across 5 urologists and 10 radiologists. Radiologists varied with grading 15.4% to 44.8% of patients with MRI lesions as PI‐RADS 3. PCa detection varied significantly by radiologist, from 34.5% to 66.7% (p = 0.003) for PCa and 17.2% to 50% (p = 0.001) for csPCa. Urologists' PCa diagnosis rates varied between 29.2% and 55.8% (p = 0.013) and between 24.6% and 39.8% (p = 0.36) for csPCa. After adjustment for case‐mix on MVR, a fourfold to fivefold difference in PCa detection was observed between the highest‐performing and lowest‐performing radiologist (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.10–0.47, p < 0.001). MVR demonstrated improved AUC for any PCa and csPCa detection when controlling for radiologist variation (p = 0.017 and p = 0.038), but controlling for urologist was not significant (p = 0.22 and p = 0.086). Any PCa detection (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.06–2.55, p = 0.03) and csPCa detection (OR 1.57, 95%CI 1.00–2.48, p = 0.05) improved over time (2018–2020 vs. 2015–2017).ConclusionsVariability among radiologists in PI‐RADS grading is a key area for quality improvement significantly impacting the detection of PCa and csPCa. Variability for performance of MRI‐TRUS fusion prostate biopsies exists by urologist but with less impact on overall detection of csPCa.
Discovery of NSD2‐Degraders from Novel and Selective DEL Hits
Authors: LegaardAndersson Jan , Christensen Jesper , Kleine‐Kohlbrecher Daniela , Vacher Comet Itys , Fullerton Støier Jonatan , Antoku Yasuko , Poljak Visnja , Moretti Loris , Dolberg Johannes , Jacso Tomas , Jensby Nielsen Søren , Nørregaard‐Madsen Mads , Franch Thomas , Helin Kristian , Cloos Paul A. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNSD2 is a histone methyltransferase predominantly catalyzing di‐methylation of histone H3 on lysine K36. Increased NSD2 activity due to mutations or fusion‐events affecting the gene encoding NSD2 is considered an oncogenic event and a driver in various cancers, including multiple myelomas carrying t(4;14) chromosomal translocations and acute lymphoblastic leukemia‘s expressing the hyperactive NSD2 mutant E1099 K. Using DNA‐encoded libraries, we have identified small molecule ligands that selectively and potently bind to the PWWP1 domain of NSD2, inhibit NSD2 binding to H3K36me2‐bearing nucleosomes, but do not inhibit the methyltransferase activity. The ligands were subsequently converted to selective VHL1‐recruiting NSD2 degraders and by using one of the most efficacious degraders in cell lines, we show that it leads to NSD2 degradation, decrease in K3 K36me2 levels and inhibition of cell proliferation.
Lead Adsorption by Fly Ash Geopolymer: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Pujari Murali , P Rohinikumar , Manyam Sudharshan Reddy , Arya Adarsh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe effectiveness of low‐cost fly ash geopolymer (FAGP) adsorbents synthesized from biomass fly ash in lead removal from aqueous solution was studied. The synthesized FAGP was characterized by the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode under various conditions, and the maximum removal efficiency and uptake were found at an optimum time of 120 min and pH 5. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed that lead removal is best fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A kinetic analysis showed that pseudo‐second‐order kinetics governs lead adsorption. Lead adsorption was determined to be an endothermic, spontaneous process through thermodynamic analysis.
Isomeric Effect of a π Bridge in an IDT‐Based Nonfused Electron Photovoltaic Acceptor
Authors: Wu Jianglin , Fu Caixia , Chen Baiquan , Rong Xugang , Lu Zhiyun , Huang Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA pair of isomers, IDT‐BOF containing S⋅⋅⋅O/F⋅⋅⋅H noncovalently configurational locks and IDT‐BFO containing F⋅⋅⋅H/O⋅⋅⋅H noncovalently configurational locks, with an acceptor‐π‐donor‐π‐acceptor (A‐π‐D‐π‐A) structure have been designed and synthesized by choosing 4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b : 5,6‐b′]dithiophene (IDT) as the D unit, an F/n‐hexyloxy substituted phenyl ring as π bridge, and 3‐(dicyanomethylidene)indan‐1‐one as the A unit. Owing to the S⋅⋅⋅O/F⋅⋅⋅H or F⋅⋅⋅H/O⋅⋅⋅H noncovalently configurational locks, both IDT‐BOF and IDT‐BFO have a completely planar structure. IDT‐BOF exhibits a similar LUMO to IDT‐BFO, but higher HOMO energy levels, leading to a smaller optical bandgap and red‐shifted absorption. However, IDT‐BOF‐based bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ‐OSCs) coupled with PBDB‐T, and PCE‐10 as donor materials both exhibited a lower PCE than that of IDT‐BFO (PBDB‐T: 5.2 vs. 6.1 %; PCE‐10: 1.7 vs. 3.2 %). Comprehensively comparing and investigating IDT‐BOF : PBDB‐T and IDT‐BFO : PBDB‐T OSCs suggested that the large phase separation and serious charge recombination of IDT‐BOF‐based OSCs contributed to its lower power conversion efficiency. Importantly, ternary solar cells based on PBDB‐T : Y5 as control devices with an additional 10 % IDT‐BFO exhibited a 5 % enhancement in the PCE compared to the control device (14.3 vs. 13.46 %).
Acceptorless or Transfer Dehydrogenation of Glycerol Catalyzed by Base Metal Salt Cobaltous Chloride – Facile Access to Lactic Acid and Hydrogen or Isopropanol
Authors: Narjinari Himani , Dhole Sunil , Kumar Akshai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe dehydrogenation of glycerol to lactic acid (LA) under both acceptorless and transfer dehydrogenation conditions using readily available, inexpensive, environmentally benign and earth‐abundant base metal salt CoCl2 is reported here. The CoCl2 (0.5 mol %) catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of glycerol at 160 °C in the presence of 0.75 equiv. of KOH, gave up to 33 % yield of LA in 44 % selectivity apart from hydrogen. Alternatively, with acetone as a sacrificial hydrogen acceptor, the CoCl2 (0.5 mol %) catalyzed dehydrogenation of glycerol at 160 °C in the presence of 1.1 equiv. of NaOtBu resulted in up to 93 % LA with 96 % selectivity along with another value‐added product isopropanol. Labelling studies revealed a modest secondary KIE of 1.68 which points to the involvement of C−H bond activation as a part of the catalytic cycle but not as a part of the rate‐determining step. Catalyst poisoning experiments with PPh3 and CS2 are indicative of the homogeneous nature of the reaction mixture involving molecular species that are likely to be in‐situ formed octahedral Co(II) as inferred from EPR, HRMS and Evans magnetic moment studies. The net transfer dehydrogenation activity is attributed to exclusive contribution from the alcoholysis step.
Valorization of Glycerol through Plasma‐Induced Transformation into Formic Acid
Authors: Bang Seunghwan , Snoeckx Ramses , Cha Min Suk 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo cope with climate change issues, a significant shift is required in worldwide energy sources. Hydrogen and bioenergy are being considered as alternatives toward a carbon neutral society, making formic acid – a hydrogen carrying product of glycerol – of interest for the valorization of glycerol. Here we investigate the plasma‐induced transformation of glycerol in an aqueous nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge reactor. We found that the water content in the aqueous mixture fulfilled a crucial role in both the gas phase (as a source of OH radicals) and the liquid phase (as a promotor of the dissolved OH radical's mobility and reactivity). The formic acid produced was linearly proportional to the specific input energy, and the most cost‐effective production of formic acid was found with 10 % v/v glycerol in the aqueous mixture. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed, consisting of the OH radical‐driven dehydrogenation and dehydration of glycerol. The results provide a fundamental understanding of plasma‐induced transformation of glycerol to formic acid and insights for future practical applications.
Bilateral temporal lobe dysplasia and seizure onset associated with biallelic CNTNAP2 variants
Authors: Panza Norman , Bianchini Claudia , Cetica Valentina , Balestrini Simona , Barba Carmen , Ferrari Anna Rita , Mei Davide , Parmeggiani Lucio , Parrini Elena , Guerrini Renzo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiallelic CNTNAP2 variants have been associated with Pitt‐Hopkins‐like syndrome. We describe six novel and one previously reported patients from six independent families and review the literature including 64 patients carrying biallelic CNTNAP2 variants. Initial reports highlighted intractable focal seizures and the failure of epilepsy surgery in children, but subsequent reports did not expand on this aspect. In all our patients (n = 7), brain MRI showed bilateral temporal gray/white matter blurring with white matter high signal intensity, more obvious on the T2‐FLAIR sequences, consistent with bilateral temporal lobe dysplasia. All patients had focal seizures with temporal lobe onset and semiology, which were recorded on EEG in five, showing bilateral independent temporal onset in four. Epilepsy was responsive to anti‐seizure medications in two patients (2/7, 28.5%), and pharmaco‐resistant in five (5/7, 71.5%). Splice‐site variants identified in five patients (5/7, 71.5%) were the most common mutational finding. Our observation expands the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of biallelic CNTNAP2 alterations focusing on the neuroimaging features and provides evidence for an elective bilateral anatomoelectroclinical involvement of the temporal lobes in the associated epilepsy, with relevant implications on clinical management.
Rocking sensitivity of a dual‐block stack ‐ Numerical simulation and experimental evidence
Authors: Čeh Nina , Jelenić Gordan , Bićanić Nenad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHistoric monuments, drywall structures, and graphite blocks in AGR nuclear power plants are block‐like structures that have to withstand rocking when subject to seismic excitation of their base, which can lead to overturning of some of their components and results in the collapse of the whole structure. We revisit the known nonlinear equations of motion for a dual‐block stack and present the conditions for transition between the eight possible rocking configurations (due to initiation of rocking, opening of new contacts, and collisions between blocks). An algorithm for the numerical simulation of rocking of the dual‐block stack is developed using the Newmark integration method, the Newton‐Raphson iteration method, and a novel contact detection and resolution procedure. The algorithm is used to evaluate rocking stability of five dual‐block stacks, one of which is compared to the results available in the literature. In parallel, a novel experimental program is designed and implemented, to validate the numerically obtained results using a shaking table. While most of the excitation conditions leading to stable rocking and limit values leading to overturning have been successfully validated, some discrepancies between the numerically and experimentally obtained results still exist and point to the need for improvement of the algorithm used, possibly through a more realistic energy‐loss mechanism. Most importantly, we have confirmed the known theoretical prediction that splitting a single block into two half‐size blocks benefits its rocking stability.
Longitudinal intravital imaging of the bone marrow for analysis of the race for the surface in a murine osteomyelitis model
Authors: Xie Chao , Ren Youliang , Weeks Jason , Rainbolt Joshua , Kenney Howard M. , Xue Thomas , Allen Faith , Shu Ye , Tay Allie J. H. , Lekkala Sashank , Yeh Shu‐Chi A. , Muthukrishnan Gowrishankar , Gill Ann L. , Gill Steven R. , Kim Minsoo , Kates Stephen L. , Schwarz Edward M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCritical knowledge gaps of orthopedic infections pertain to bacterial colonization. The established dogma termed the Race for the Surface posits that contaminating bacteria compete with host cells for the implant post‐op, which remains unproven without real‐time in vivo evidence. Thus, we modified the murine longitudinal intravital imaging of the bone marrow (LIMB) system to allow real‐time quantification of green fluorescent protein (GFP+) host cells and enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP+) or red fluorescent protein (RFP+) methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) proximal to a transfemoral implant. Following inoculation with ~105 CFU, an L‐shaped metal implant was press‐fit through the lateral cortex at a 90° angle ~0.150 mm below a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens. We empirically derived a volume of interest (VOI) = 0.0161 ± 0.000675 mm3 during each imaging session by aggregating the Z‐stacks between the first (superior) and last (inferior) in‐focus LIMB slice. LIMB postimplantation revealed very limited bacteria detection at 1 h, but by 3 h, 56.8% of the implant surface was covered by ECFP+ bacteria, and the rest were covered by GFP+ host cells. 3D volumetric rendering of the GFP+ and ECFP+ or RFP+ voxels demonstrated exponential MRSA growth between 3 and 6 h in the Z‐plane, which was validated with cross‐sectional ex vivo bacterial burden analyses demonstrating significant growth by ~2 × 104 CFU/h on the implant from 2 to 12 h post‐op (p < 0.05; r2 > 0.98). Collectively, these results show the competition at the surface is completed by 3 h in this model and demonstrate the potential of LIMB to elucidate mechanisms of bacterial colonization, the host immune response, and the efficacy of antimicrobials.
Knowledge of free radicals and antioxidants in dermatology in the general population
Authors: Dahan Serge , Khalouf Randa , Salcedo Nikki , Taieb Charles , Gassia Veronique 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundExcessive production of free radicals may cause oxidative stress. In dermatology, free radicals are implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various dermatoses, in the onset of cutaneous neoplasias, and in the aging process. Few data are available on the knowledge about free radicals in the general population.ObjectivesTo investigate knowledge of free radicals and antioxidants in a large sample of the French general population, with a particular focus on skin aging.MethodsData were collected through a web‐based online survey of a representative sample of the French population aged 18 years or more. The survey included seven questions on the role of free radicals in the human body, their possible risk factors, and the role of antioxidants in dermocosmetics.ResultsData were collected on 15,050 participants, with 52.8% of men and mean age of 46.9 years. About half of the participants reported knowing free radicals, and more than half of them were aware that free radicals may be harmful to the body and cause cell oxidation. Among factors causing the production of free radicals, the most frequent answer was UV, followed by smoking, pollution, and alcohol. More than three‐quarter of participants were aware of the role of free radicals in skin aging, and about 60% of the existence of protective antioxidant treatments. Knowledge of free radicals was reported more frequently by women than men and increased with age and educational level.ConclusionsA significant proportion of the French population seems unfamiliar with the term free radicals and antioxidants. This is perhaps due to the ambiguity that exists within the scientific community about how to prevent oxidative stress and whether these mechanisms produce clinical results.
Long latency reflexes of the median nerves in healthy adults
Authors: Winkel Antony , Cook Mark , Roberts Leslie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsLong latency reflexes (LLRs) are late responses in nerve conduction studies seen after peripheral nerve stimulation during submaximal muscle contraction. They follow a short latency reflex, also known as the H reflex, and are thought to involve transcortical pathways, providing a measure of proximal nerve and central conduction. For this reason, they have been evaluated in several central nervous system diseases, but reference values are not widely published and are mostly based on old studies with very small numbers of participants. Therefore, in this work we aim to provide comprehensive reference values for LLR testing.MethodsLLRs were tested in a cohort of 100 healthy participants, testing the median nerve bilaterally.ResultsMean latencies for short latency reflex (SLR), LLR1, LLR2, and LLR3 were 27.00, 38.50, 47.60, and 67.34 milliseconds, respectively. The allowable side‐to‐side difference was approximately 3 to 4 milliseconds. No significant sex‐related differences were seen. Height correlated moderately with the SLR latency, but only weakly with LLR1, LLR2, and LLR3.DiscussionThis work provides normal LLR values for comparison with future studies in disease. The technique used may allow for improved evaluation of central nervous system or proximal peripheral nerve disorders.
Postprandial splenic stiffness changes on magnetic resonance elastography in a young healthy population
Authors: Obrzut Marzanna , Atamaniuk Vitaliy , Ehman Richard L. , Yin Meng , Cholewa Marian , Gutkowski Krzysztof , Domka Wojciech , Obrzut Bogdan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an accurate noninvasive diagnostic tool for assessing the stiffness of parenchymal organs, including the spleen. However, this measurement may be biased due to postprandial changes in splenic stiffness. The aim of the current study was to evaluate postprandial changes in spleen stiffness assessed by MRE in a large sample of healthy volunteers. This was a prospective institutional research ethics board‐approved study. Healthy volunteers with no history of liver disease were recruited for an MRE test and blood draw from December 2018 to July 2019. Each participant underwent spleen MRE after at least 4 h of fasting and again 30 min after a 1000 kcal meal. Also, 14 randomly selected volunteers underwent additional MRE examinations at 1.5 and 2.5 h after food intake. The MRE data were acquired at 60 Hz using a 1.5‐T MRI scanner. The spleen stiffness was assessed using a weighted mean of stiffness values from regions of interest manually drawn on three to five spleen slices. Spearman's rank correlation, Wilcoxon signed‐rank, Friedman, and Mann–Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. A total of 100 volunteers met the inclusion criteria and were eventually enrolled in this study (age 23 ± 2 years; 65 women). The mean spleen stiffness for the whole group increased by 7.9% (p < 0.001) from the mean ± SD value of 5.09 ± 0.63 (95% CI: 4.96–5.21) kPa in the fasting state to 5.47 ± 0.66 (95% CI 5.34–5.60) kPa 30 min after the meal and then gradually decreased. However, even 2 h 30 min after the meal, the spleen stiffness was higher than in the fasting state. This difference was statistically significant at p less than 0.001. It was concluded that meal intake results in a statistically significant elevation of spleen stiffness that persists for 2.5 h. This finding supports the recommendation for routine fasting for more than 2.5 h prior to assessing MRE‐based spleen stiffness.
Variational models for pattern formation in biomembranes—A Γ‐convergence result
Authors: Pešić Anastasija 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiological membranes are thin structures that are composed of various components. The different components often form microdomains, called lipid rafts, that are arranged in complex patterns. To explain this pattern formation, variational models based on Cahn–Hilliard‐type energies have been introduced that couple the local composition of the membrane to its local curvature, which renders the resulting functionals nonlocal. In this note, we review and extend recent qualitative results on related variational models. This includes a technique to deal with Neumann‐boundary conditions in the construction of a recovery sequence.