bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microtextures, geochemistry and geochronology of authigenic xenotime: constraining the cementation history of a Palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary sequence
Authors: VALLINI DANIELA A. , RASMUSSEN BIRGER , KRAPEŽ BRYAN , FLETCHER IAN R. , MCNAUGHTON NEAL J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn ≈ 26 m thick unit of phosphatic sandstone and black shale (the Phosphatic Unit) in the Palaeoproterozoic Mount Barren Group of south‐western Australia contains abundant authigenic xenotime crystals showing well‐preserved diagenetic textures. Despite extensive regional deformation and thermal metamorphism, the peak of which occurred at ≈ 1205 Ma, the Phosphatic Unit was preserved as a low‐strain envelope because of its pre‐compaction carbonate and phosphate cementation. In situ U–Pb geochronology of xenotime reveals four discrete age populations at 1693 ± 4, 1645 ± 3, 1578 ± 10 and 1481 ± 21 Ma. When integrated with petrography, the age data place a timeframe on: (i) sediment deposition; (ii) phosphogenesis; (iii) diagenetic cement infilling; (iv) diagenetic pyrite formation; (v) secondary porosity generation; (vi) hydrocarbon migration; (vii) burial compaction; and (viii) hydrothermal alteration, up until peak thermal metamorphism. Xenotime growth at ≈ 1693 Ma occurred prior to compaction, whereas xenotime growth at ≈ 1645 Ma occurred during burial. Xenotime growth at ≈ 1580 Ma and at ≈ 1480 Ma appears to be the far‐field record of thermotectonic events associated with intracontinental extension and magmatism recorded elsewhere in Australia. Geochemical analysis, integrated with geochronology, shows a systematic increase in MREE/HREE in xenotime crystals with decreasing age and with increasing stratigraphic depth. Coupled with a decrease in xenotime abundance and age with depth, it suggests that: (i) the main focus of porosity infilling was at the top of the Phosphatic Unit and progressed downwards over the > 200 Myr period of porosity infilling, and (ii) the changes in xenotime REE chemistry may be due to an influx of MREE from increasing amounts of dissolved apatite or changes, with respect to REE solubility, in the physiochemical nature of the fluids with burial depth.
Contrasting Patch Residence Strategy in Two Species of Sit‐and‐Wait Foragers Under the Same Environment: A Constraint by Life History?
Authors: Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe present study explored the significance of life history constraints on patch residence strategy by using two congeneric web spider species living in the same habitat. Nephila maculata had a large body size but had a shorter developmental period compared with N. clavata, indicating that N. maculata should have a greater foraging efficiency to reach maturity and reproduce. Residence time at web‐sites in N. maculata was shorter than that in N. clavata, irrespective of the season. However, supplementation of food to N. maculata increased residence time, suggesting that it searches web‐sites with higher prey intake. Investment of web materials, an important trait influencing web relocation frequency, was not greater in N. maculata. In addition, microhabitat and prey size did not differ significantly after controlling for the effect of body size. Because N. maculata needs to attain a large body size in a shorter period of time, this species appears to take a risk of moving patches to seek high quality web‐sites.
Comparison of Sugar Beet Cropping Systems with Dead and Living Mulch using a Glyphosate‐resistant Hybrid
Authors: Petersen J. , Röver A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate new options for sugar beet mulch systems, using a glyphosate‐resistant hybrid. In four field trials – conducted in 2002 and 2003 at two sites in a major sugar beet‐growing region in the central Germany – three different mulch systems (straw, non‐winterhardy and winterhardy cover crop) and an alternative seedbed preparation method (rotary band tillage) have been tested in comparison with a control treatment (plough, no mulch, broadcast seedbed preparation) representing the common German practice. In all systems, a set of eight different weed control programmes, including two reference treatments, one with selective conventional herbicides and five exclusively using glyphosate, has been evaluated for efficacy. It could be shown that the integration of winterhardy cover crops into sugar beet mulch systems reduced the risk of nitrogen loss by leaching. The changes in the nitrogen dynamics neither influence the yield nor the technical quality of the sugar beet. The field emergence of sugar beet decreased while using a winterhardy cover crop, but was not altered by the seedbed preparation method. Compared with the conventional broadcast seedbed preparation, the rotary band tillage did reduce the weed density. The lowest weed density was observed in the straw mulch system. It was not possible to control the remaining plants of the winterhardy cover crops completely with selective herbicides. If glyphosate was used until the four‐leaf stage of the sugar beet, a regulation of the winterhardy cover crop was achievable. With glyphosate it was also feasible to control older weeds together with the newly emerging ones with post‐emergence applications only. For most of the mulch systems tested, the sugar beet was very sensitive to weed competition between the four‐ and 10‐leaf stage. If the weeds within the sugar beet rows were controlled during this sensitive period with an early glyphosate band application, the remaining weeds between the rows could be left uncontrolled until the 10‐leaf stage of the sugar beet without any yield loss. Only in the combination of winterhardy cover crop × rotary band seedbed preparation, the weeds and cover crop had to be controlled directly after emergence of the sugar beet.
Evaluation of Five Most Commonly Grown Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions: Productivity and Fibre Quality
Authors: Avgoulas C. , Bouza L. , Koutrou A. , Papadopoulou S. , Kosmas S. , Makridou E. , Papastylianou P. , Bilalis D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractStudies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied.
Diffuse panbronchiolitis in China
Authors: CHEN Yu , KANG Jian , LI Shengqi 
Published: February 2005

Objective:  Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a progressive inflammatory disease, well recognized in Japan, that is characterized by chronic sinusitis and obstructive small airway disease. A total of 40 patients with DPB in mainland China were reviewed in order to describe the epidemiology of DPB in China and to compare their clinical characteristics with those of cases reported in Japan.Methodology:  A systematic search was conducted of the Chinese language literature published in mainland China from 1996 to 2003. The 40 subjects who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for DPB were retrospectively analysed for clinical, physiological, radiological, and pathological features and their geographic distribution.Results:  The 40 patients included in this study (31 male and nine female) were distributed in 12 provinces and three other cities in China. All presented with chronic cough, sputum production, and 32 had exertional dyspnoea. All but three had a history of sinusitis. Lung function assessment showed a mixed obstructive‐restrictive pattern in 30 cases. CXR revealed diffuse fine nodular shadows in all patients. Human leukocyte antigen‐B54 was positive in five patients (n = 12). A total of 30 (75%) patients had been misdiagnosed prior to their diagnosis of DPB being made.Conclusions:  DPB is not rare in China but its incidence is relatively low. Poor recognition and/or genetic factors may be the reason. The clinical, radiographic and histological features of Chinese patients resemble those described in Japanese patients.
Potential involvement of subclinical Sjögren's syndrome in various lung diseases
Authors: KURUMAGAWA Toshikazu , KOBAYASHI Hideo , MOTOYOSHI Kazuo 
Published: February 2005

Objectives:  Sjögren's syndrome (SS) affects the respiratory system, but previous studies have not assessed the role of subclinical SS in lung disease. The aim of this investigation was to explore the potential role of subclinical SS as a factor in the pathogenesis of various diffuse lung diseases.Methodology:  This single‐cohort prospective study was performed over a 5‐year period in 313 consecutive patients with diffuse lung disease, who had neither primary xerosis nor a diagnosis of SS. They were referred for the Saxon test and underwent additional tests for SS when decreased saliva production was detected.Results:  The subjects included 109 patients with sarcoidosis, 77 with various interstitial pneumonias, 49 with bronchiectasis, and 78 with other diseases. The incidence of decreased saliva production was 17.3% (54 out of 313). A total of 40 of the 54 patients completed further examinations, and definite or probable SS was diagnosed in 29 (9.3% of the original 313). Definite SS was diagnosed in six patients with interstitial pneumonia, three with bronchiolitis, three with sarcoidosis, and five with other diseases.Conclusions:  The prevalence of decreased saliva production and SS without obvious symptoms of dryness was high among patients with diffuse lung disease. In these patients, it is important to screen for SS, even if symptoms are not apparent.
Metered dose inhalers: A need for dose counters
Authors: HOLT Shaun , HOLT Avrille , WEATHERALL Mark , MASOLI Matthew , BEASLEY Richard 
Published: February 2005

Objectives:  This study investigated the ability of patients to assess when a metered dose inhaler (MDI) is empty.Methodology:  A total of 17 patients assessed, by shaking, the number of doses remaining in a salbutamol MDI that had been partially emptied. Another 100 patients were asked to collect all salbutamol MDIs they considered to be empty and would have thrown away. These MDI canisters were weighed and the number of doses that had been used was estimated.Results:  Using the ‘shaking method’, patients overestimated the amount remaining by around 40 doses. The mean number of doses delivered from an MDI labelled to contain 200 doses before it was discarded was 224 (range, 155–289).Conclusions:  These findings confirm that patients are unable to determine when an MDI should be discarded, resulting in insufficient drug delivery at the end of the life of an MDI for the majority of patients, and wastage of the drug for others.
Different roles of interleukin‐10 in onset and resolution of asthmatic responses in allergen‐challenged mice
Authors: MATSUMOTO Koichiro , INOUE Hiromasa , TSUDA Miyuki , HONDA Yasuko , KIBE Atsuko , MACHIDA Kentaro , YOSHIURA Yuki , NAKANISHI Yoichi 
Published: February 2005

Objective:  Although interleukin (IL)‐10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine produced by various cells including T cells, its precise role in asthma remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL‐10 in experimental asthma using ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized mice.Methodology:  Mice were challenged with OVA aerosol, and airway responsiveness and inflammation were measured. OVA‐specific IL‐10‐producing CD4+ T cells were counted from lung cells collected by enzymatic digestion and stimulated ex vivo with OVA. The effects of an anti‐IL‐10 antibody on airway responsiveness and inflammation were also evaluated.Results:  The OVA challenge caused airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation. A significant increase in IL‐10‐producing CD4+ T cells was observed, mainly in the CD45RBlow subset, for several days after the OVA challenge. Anti‐IL‐10 antibody treatment before the OVA challenge did not affect eosinophilic inflammation but significantly inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness 24 h after the OVA challenge. However, anti‐IL‐10 antibody treatment just before the last OVA challenge significantly attenuated the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation without affecting airway responsiveness 2 weeks after the OVA challenge.Conclusions:  Intrinsic IL‐10 may have a distinct role in the early and late phases of asthmatic responses. In the early phase, IL‐10 induces airway hyperresponsiveness, while in the late phase IL‐10 contributes to the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation.
Clinicopathological differences between acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: MOCHIMARU Hiroshi , KAWAMOTO Masashi , FUKUDA Yuh , KUDOH Shoji 
Published: February 2005

Objective:  Considerable confusion exists regarding the proper classification of idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia (IEP). Furthermore, there are no reports describing the clinicopathological differences between the various forms of eosinophilic pneumonias.Methodology:  The histological findings in acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) were examined and the clinical and radiological features were contrasted with them.Results:  Radiologically, ground glass opacity and interlobular septal thickening were characteristic of the AEP cases, while air space consolidation was seen in all CEP cases. Histologically, interstitial oedema and fibrin deposition were prominent in the AEP cases. Type II cells were detached from the alveolar walls, although the basal lamina was predominantly intact. In CEP, in addition to cellular infiltration, there was prominent intraluminal fibrosis. Disruption of the basal lamina was observed and nests of intraluminal fibrosis were directly adjacent and connected to the alveolar walls.Conclusions:  An essential histological difference between AEP and CEP is the severity of basal lamina damage and the amount of subsequent intraluminal fibrosis. In AEP particularly, these findings explain the radiographical findings, as well as the rapid and complete improvement noted in such cases.
Promoter activity of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 gene with novel single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: HEGAB Ahmed E. , SAKAMOTO Tohru , UCHIDA Yoshiyuki , NOMURA Akihiro , ISHII Yukio , MORISHIMA Yuko , MOCHIZUKI Mie , KIMURA Toru , SAITOH Wataru , IIZUKA Takashi , KIWAMOTO Takumi , SEKIZAWA Kiyohisa 
Published: February 2005

Objective:  The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) −418G > C in the TIMP2 gene promoter region has been shown to be associated with in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to search for novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TIMP2 promoter region around the −418G > C locus, and to investigate whether any of these SNP, including −418G > C, had an influence on TIMP2 transcription activity.Methodology:  DNA sequencing was performed on a 689 base‐pair polymerase chain reaction fragment of the promoter region. The novel SNP were characterized and genotype analysis was performed for COPD and control subjects. A reporter gene assay was performed using the wild‐type promoter (−418G/−177C/+34C) and the mutant‐type promoter (−418C/−177T/+34A).Results:  Nine novel SNP were identified. The SNP −177C > T and +34C > A were in complete linkage disequilibrium with −418G > C. The other seven SNP were not associated with COPD. No significant difference was detected in the reporter gene assay between the activities of the wild‐type and the mutant‐type promoters.Conclusions:  The SNP −418G > C, −177C > T and +34C > A, might not themselves be functional from a transcriptional point of view in the development of COPD, but may be in linkage disequilibrium with other functional polymorphisms.
The Explosive Pollination Mechanism and Mating System of the WeedyHyptis suaveolens(Lamiaceae)
Authors: Aluri Raju J. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe flower of the perennial shrubby herb,Hyptis suaveolens(L.) Poit. is representative of an explosive pollination mechanism. The carinal structure formed by the middle lobe of corolla lower lip conceals the stamens and stigma and does not open following the natural anthesis. Upon anthesis, the carinal lobe is under tension which is later released by wind or bees. The violent explosion of the carinal lobe caused by wind results in self‐pollination; by bees, it results in self‐ and cross‐pollination. Foraging activity of some bees which collect pollen from the anthers and stigma onH. suaveolensmay reduce the success of pollination.The mating system involves both autogamy and allogamy. Both require explosion of carinal lobe for pollination. The flexibility of the mating system is considered a safeguard ensuring its ruderal nature for weediness.
Evolution of the Selfing Rate and Resource Allocation Models
Authors: Iwasa Yoh 
Published: February 2005

Abstract First, evolutionary theories of selfing of terrestrial plants are reviewed briefly. The evolution of the selfing rate is controlled mainly by (1) the benefit of enhanced genetic relatedness to seeds and (2) the cost of lowered fitness of selfed offspring (inbreeding depression), being modified by (3) fertility assurance under pollen limitation, (4) reduced performance as pollen donor, (5) reduced expenditure to male function, and (6) lowered genetic recombination. Models of the joint evolution of selfing and inbreeding depression predict either strong outcrossing or predominant selfing. Although wind‐pollinated plants fit the prediction, some animal‐pollinated species have intermediate selfing rates, refuting the theory.Second, three resource allocation models are analyzed, in which an individual plant optimally allocates limited resources to outcrossed seeds, selfed seeds, and to energy reserves for the next year. The first model explains how the number of outcrossed and selfed offspring change with plant size when they differ in dispersal distance. The second model predicts that, in a disturbed habitat, the plant is likely to be annual and to produce both selfed and outcrossed seeds; in contrast, in a stable habitat, the plant tends to be perennial and to abort selfed seeds selectively. Hand pollination may increase seed production for perennials but not for annuals. The third model explains the observed difference between animal and wind pollinated plants in the out‐crossing rate pattern by the difference in the way pollen acquisition increases with investment.
Biosystematic Studies in Disporum (Liliaceae‐Polygonateae) IV. Karyotype Analysis of some Asiatic and North American Taxa with Special Reference to their Systematic Status1)
Authors: TAMURA MINORU N. , UTECH FREDERICK H. , KAWANO SHOICHI 
Published: February 2005

Abstract Fifteen Asiatic and four North American taxa of the genus Disporum (Liliaceae‐Polygonateae) were karyologically examined. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of D. multiflorum (2n= 14), D. sessile var. sessile f. minus (2n= 16), D. sessile var. micranthum (2n= 16), and D. taipingense (2n= 16) were determined for the first time. Thirteen additional chromosome counts and karyotype analyses were made for the following 11 Asiatic Disporum taxa (Section Disporum): D. calcaratum (2n= 14 and 16‐a new count), D. cantoniense (2n= 14 and 16), D. kawakamii (2n= 16), D. longistylum (2n= 16), D. lutescens (2n= 16), D. sessile var. sessile f. sessile (2n= 16), D. shimadai (2n= 14), D. smilacinum var. smilacinum (2n= 16), D. smilacinum var. ramosum (2n= 16), D. uniflorum (2n= 16), and D. viridescens (2n= 16 + 1B‐a new count).The karyotypes of four North American taxa (Section Prosartes) were reported for the first time, although the same chromosome counts had been previously known for each taxon: D. hookeri (2n= 18), D. lanuginosum (2n= 18), D. maculatum (2n= 12), and D. smithii (2n= 16). D. maculatum possesses a very characteristic satellite on the long arm of the fifth subterminal chromosome; the karyotype of D. smithii (x= 8) is also characterized by possessing a minute satellite on the short arm of the fifth pair and also by a secondary constriction on the short arm of the sixth pair.One of the most noteworthy findings made in the present study is that the species of Section Disporum and Section Prosartes possess conspicuously distinct cytological features in the size of resting nuclei and cells, interphase chromosomes, and mitotic prophase and metaphase chromosomes. The plants of Section Disporum have distinctly larger resting nuclei and cells than those of Section Prosartes; Section Disporum possesses a typical homogeneously diffused type (= densely diffuse type according to Tanaka, 1977) of interphase chromosomes, while Section Prosartes has a prochromosome type; the condensation pattern of their prophase chromosomes is of a continuous type in Section Disporum, while a proximal type occurs in Section Prosartes; Section Disporum possesses distinctly larger sized metaphase chromosomes, as compared with Section Prosartes. All of these karyological differences described above strongly support D. Don's original concept (1839, 1841) of treating Disporum and Prosartes as two separate genera.