bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Planar‐Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based Oxazole‐Pyrimidine Ligands and Application in Nickel‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Wang Juan , Xie Qing‐Xian , Li Xiang , Yu Chang‐Bin , Zhou Yong‐Gui 
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe planar‐chiral ligands have been widely applied as a class of unique and significant ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Among them, chiral [2.2]paracycyclophane has emerged as a privileged type of planar‐chiral framework and has been utilized as an important toolbox due to their structural stability. Herein, we design and synthesize [2.2]paracyclophane‐derived oxazole‐pyrimidine ligands (abberviated as PYMCOX). These N,N‐ligands with stable properties, rigid structure and large steric hindrance performed successfully in nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,2‐reduction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones, affording the chiral allylic alcohols with up to 99% yield and 99% ee. Meanwhile, this reduction reaction could be conducted on gram‐scale without loss of activity and enantioselectivity, and the chiral ligand could be conveniently recovered with high yield.
Rational Design of Plasmonic Nanoparticle‐Molecule Complexes for Chirality Sensing†
Authors: Wang Chen , Lu Dandan , Sun Lichao , Zhang Qingfeng 
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive SummarySensing the chirality of molecules is of great importance to fields such as enantioselective synthesis, pharmaceutical industry, and biomedicine. Plasmonic nanoparticles are ideal candidates for molecular sensing due to their inherent plasmonic properties that significantly enhance their sensitivity to surrounding molecules. Developing plasmonic nanoparticle‐molecule complexes for chirality sensing has drawn enormous attention in recent years due to their intriguing properties and potential applications. Thus, in this review, we believe it is timely to circumnavigate the rational design of plasmonic nanoparticle‐molecule complexes and widen the scope of their emerging applications in chirality sensing. First, we present different fundamental mechanisms for plasmon‐based chirality that are built on the system of plasmonic nanoparticle‐molecule complexes. Second, we review the typical applications of plasmonic nanoparticle‐molecule complexes in chirality sensing. Third, we discuss the emerging biomedical applications that the plasmon‐based chirality has attracted enormous interest. Finally, we provide an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the field of plasmonic approaches for chirality sensing.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of meaning‐centred psychotherapies in depressed participants
Authors: Marco José H. , Martinez‐Micó Alexandre , García‐Alandete Joaquín , Guillén Verónica , Grimaldos Jorge , Pérez Sandra , Quero Soledad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDepression is a mental disorder that is associated with low quality of life, increased risk of suicide and a high economic cost for society. Meta‐analyses indicate that Meaning Centred Psychotherapies (MCP) are an efficacious psychotherapy to reduce depression in participants with chronic illness and cancer. However, to date, no systematic review has analysed the effectiveness of MCP in depressed participants who do not have a physical illness or cancer. The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review to analyse the effectiveness of MCP in participants with depression and no physical illness. The search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Six studies (two randomised controlled trials and four quasi‐experimental studies) were included in the systematic review. The results indicate that MCP is more effective than a control group as waitlist (four studies), psychoeducation group (one study), and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT, one study), in reducing depressive symptoms, improving meaning in life and reducing anxiety in participants without physical illness. MCP would be considered a probably efficacious treatment for depression. However, further research with better experimental designs will be necessary to confirm the effectiveness of MCP for depression.
Effect of Cobalt Doping on The Structural, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Parameters of Manganese Oxide Thin Layers
Authors: Rossi Zaid , Ghannam Hajar , Brioual Bilal , Ullah Shafi , Zanouni Mohamed , Diani Mustapha , Aouni Abdesamad , Addou Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, undoped and cobalt‐doped manganese oxide Co:Mn3O4 (0, 2, and 4 at%) are elaborated by the spray pyrolysis procedure on glass substrates. The effect of cobalt doping concentrations on the structural, morphological, and optical features (linear and nonlinear) are investigated through the X‐ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with an attached energy dispersive X‐ray and UV–Vis‐NIR spectrophotometer. The XRD investigations exhibit a polycrystalline tetragonal structure for all Co:Mn3O4 and confirm by Raman results with the distinctive tetragonal mode A1g at 657 cm−1. The SEM images show an increase in roughness as cobalt doping concentration increases. The EDS quantitative analysis revealed the presence of manganese, oxygen, and cobalt. Furthermore, the optical investigation is pursued firstly through the linear optical that showed a decrease in the transmittance, and optical band gap energy as the cobalt concentration increased due to oxygen vacancies and defects and the increase of refractive index from 2.05 to 2.21. Second, the nonlinear optical parameters show a high value of the nonlinear refractive index 3.75 × 10−7 (esu) and the third‐order susceptibility χ3 = 2.2 × 10−8(esu) of Co:Mn3O4(2at%). These values put the Co:Mn3O4(2at%) thin layer as a candidate in the optoelectronic applications as a third‐order nonlinear medium.
Remote and in‐clinic digital cognitive screening tools outperform the MoCA to distinguish cerebral amyloid status among cognitively healthy older adults
Authors: Thompson Louisa I. , Kunicki Zachary J. , Emrani Sheina , Strenger Jennifer , De Vito Alyssa N. , Britton Karysa J. , Dion Catherine , Harrington Karra D. , Roque Nelson , Salloway Stephen , Sliwinski Martin J. , Correia Stephen , Jones Richard N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe evaluated the accuracy of remote and in‐person digital tests to distinguish between older adults with and without AD pathological change and used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a comparison test.METHODSParticipants were 69 cognitively normal older adults with known beta‐amyloid (Aβ) PET status. Participants completed smartphone‐based assessments 3×/day for 8 days, followed by TabCAT tasks, DCTclock™, and MoCA at an in‐person study visit. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to compare task accuracies to distinguish Aβ status.RESULTSAverage performance on the episodic memory (Prices) smartphone task showed the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.77) to distinguish Aβ status. On in‐person measures, accuracy to distinguish Aβ status was greatest for the TabCAT Favorites task (AUC = 0.76), relative to the DCTclockTM (AUC = 0.73) and MoCA (AUC = 0.74).DISCUSSIONAlthough further validation is needed, our results suggest that several digital assessments may be suitable for more widespread cognitive screening application.
Development of ABO4‐type photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Boyan , Zhang Yingjuan , Butburee Teera , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Wang Songcan , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting with zero carbon emissions is a promising technology to solve the global issues of energy shortage and environmental pollution. However, the current development of PEC systems is facing a bottleneck of low solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) efficiency (<10%), which cannot meet the demand of large‐scale H2 production. The development of low‐cost, highly active, and stable photoanode materials is crucial for high STH efficiency of PEC water splitting. The recent development of BiVO4 as photoanode materials for PEC water splitting has been a great success, and ABO4‐type ternary metal oxides with a similar structure to BiVO4 have high development potential as efficient photoanodes for high‐performance PEC water splitting. The design and development of ABO4 photoanodes for PEC water splitting are critically reviewed with special emphasis on the modification strategies and performance improvement mechanisms of each semiconductor. The comprehensive analysis in this review provides guidelines and insights for the exploration of new high‐efficiency photoanodes for solar fuel production.
Catalytic reactivity descriptors of metal‐nitrogen‐doped carbon catalysts for electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Jiejie , Arbiol Jordi , Yang Bo , Tang Pengyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetal‐nitrogen‐doped carbon material have sparked enormous attentions as they show excellent electrocatalytic performance and provide a prototype for mechanistic understandings of electrocatalytic reactions. Researchers spare no effort to find catalytic reactivity “descriptor”, which is correlated with catalytical properties and could be utilized for guiding the rational design of high‐performance catalysts. In recent years, benefited from the development of computational technology, theoretical calculation came into being as a powerful tool to understand catalytic mechanisms from an atomic level as well as to accelerate the process of finding a catalytic reactivity descriptor and promoting the development of effective catalysts. In the present review, we provide the latest theoretical research toward energetic and electronic descriptors for metal‐nitrogen‐doped carbon (M‐N‐C) materials, which have shown excellent electrocatalytic performance and provide a prototype for the mechanistic understanding of electrocatalytic reactions. This review uses density functional theory calculation and the most advanced machine learning method to describe the exploration of four kinds of electrocatalytic reaction descriptors, namely oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction. The aim of this review is to inspire the future design of high‐efficiency M‐N‐C catalysts by providing in‐depth insights into the electrocatalytic activity of these materials.
Clinical and genetic analysis of infants with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 caused by RARS2 variations
Authors: Zhao Shichao , Lian Ruofei , Jin Liang , Li Mengchun , Jia Tianming , Xu Falin , Du Kaixian , Wang Lijun , Guo Qiliang , Dong Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveDefects in RARS2 cause cerebellopontine hypoplasia type 6 (pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6, PCH6, OMIM: #611523), a rare autosomal recessive inherited mitochondrial disease. Here, we report two male patients and their respective family histories.MethodsWe describe the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of these patients. Whole‐exome sequencing was used to identify the genetic mutations.ResultsOne patient showed hypoglycemia, high lactic acid levels (fluctuating from 6.7 to 14.1 mmol/L), and frequent seizures after birth, with progressive atrophy of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and pons. The other patient presented with early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (EIDEEs) with an initial developmental delay followed by infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) at 5 months old, with no imaging changes. Whole‐exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous RARS2 variants c.25A>G (p.I9V) with c.1261C>T (p.Q421*) and c.1A>G (p.M1V) with c.122A>G (p.D41G) in these two patients. Of these loci, c.1261C>T and c.122A>G have not been previously reported.SignificanceOur findings have expanded the RARS2 gene variant spectrum and present EIDEEs and IESS as phenotypes which deepened the association between PCH6 and RARS2.Plain Language SummaryDefects in RARS2 cause cerebellopontine hypoplasia type 6, a rare autosomal recessive inherited mitochondrial disease. Two patients with RARS2 variants were reported in this article. One patient showed hypoglycemia, high lactic acid levels, and frequent seizures after birth, with progressive atrophy of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and Page 3 of 21 Epilepsia OpenFor Review Only pons. The other patient presented with an initial developmental delay followed by refractory epilepsy at 5 months old, with no imaging changes. Our findings deepened the association between PCH6 and RARS2.
Moderators of treatment effect in a randomised controlled trial of single‐ and multi‐family therapy for anorexia nervosa in adolescents and emerging adults
Authors: Baudinet Julian , Hodsoll John , Schmidt Ulrike , Simic Mima , Landau Sabine , Eisler Ivan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionMulti‐family therapy for anorexia nervosa (MFT‐AN) is a novel, group‐based intervention that intensifies single‐family therapy for anorexia nervosa (FT‐AN), with the aim of improving outcomes. The current study explored treatment moderators in a randomised controlled trial (N = 167) of FT‐AN and MFT‐AN for young people (adolescents/emerging adults aged 13–20 years) with anorexia nervosa.MethodsData were analysed using multiple linear regression. Six hypothesised baseline participant and parent factors were tested as possible moderators of treatment effect on end‐of‐treatment and follow‐up percentage of median Body Mass Index (%mBMI); age, eating disorder symptom severity, perceived family conflict (young person and parent ratings) and parent‐rated experiences of caregiving (positive and negative).ResultsGreater parent‐rated positive caregiving experiences moderated treatment outcomes at follow‐up (β = −0.47, 95%CI: −0.91, −0.03, p = 0.04), but not end‐of‐treatment. Participants who had fewer parent‐rated positive caregiving experiences at baseline had higher weight at follow‐up if they had MFT‐AN compared to FT‐AN. No other hypothesised baseline factors moderated treatment outcome (p's > 0.05).DiscussionThe current study suggests MFT‐AN may be indicated for families who present with fewer positive caregiving experiences to treatment. The MFT‐AN group context may help to promote mentalisation and hope for these families, which may be harder to achieve in single‐family treatment. Future research is needed to empirically evaluate how and why MFT‐AN supports this group more.Trial RegistrationISRCTN registry: ISRCTN11275465, registered 29 January 2007.
Effect of ficin‐hydrolyzed wheat gluten on bread quality and in vitro antioxidant activity before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Seyedain‐Ardabili Mojan , Azizi Mohammad‐Hossein 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of adding ficin‐hydrolyzed wheat gluten at different levels (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%) on bread quality, and in vitro antioxidant activity before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Our findings revealed that the incorporation of the generated wheat gluten hydrolysates (WGH) up to 4 g per 100 g flour positively affected the technological and physical–chemical characterizations of breads, including dough rheological properties, color, specific volume, and moisture. The texture profile analysis indicated reductions in hardness, springiness, and chewiness of the breads, and confirmed anti‐staling properties during storage. The enriched breads received satisfactory scores from the sensory panel and were perceived as less stale after a 4‐day period of storage. The aroma score of the 4% WGH bread was significantly higher than other treatments. Regarding taste, the 4% WGH bread scored the lowest, but the obtained value was not statistically significant. The enriched breads exhibited DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and Fe2+ chelation abilities that increased in response to higher levels of hydrolysate incorporation, and these antioxidant activities were enhanced after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Our findings confirm that it is possible to apply ficin‐generated WGH to enhance physicochemical, nutritional, and biological quality of bread.
Enhanced VEGF secretion and blood–brain barrier disruption: Radiation‐mediated inhibition of astrocyte autophagy via PI3K‐AKT pathway activation
Authors: Zhang Shifeng , Li Mingping , Qiu Yuemin , Wu Junyu , Xu Xue , Ma Qian , Zheng Zhihui , Lu Gengxin , Deng Zhezhi , Huang Haiwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRadiation‐induced damage to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the recognized pathological basis of radiation‐induced brain injury (RBI), a side effect of head and neck cancer treatments. There is currently a lack of therapeutic approaches for RBI due to the ambiguity of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is essential to identify these mechanisms in order to prevent RBI or provide early interventions. One crucial factor contributing to BBB disruption is the radiation‐induced activation of astrocytes and oversecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mechanistically, the PI3K‐AKT pathway can inhibit cellular autophagy, leading to pathological cell aggregation. Moreover, it acts as an upstream pathway of VEGF. In this study, we observed the upregulation of the PI3K‐AKT pathway in irradiated cultured astrocytes through bioinformatics analysis, we then validated these findings in animal brains and in vitro astrocytes following radiation exposure. Additionally, we also found the inhibition of autophagy and the oversecretion of VEGF in irradiated astrocytes. By inhibiting the PI3K‐AKT pathway or promoting cellular autophagy, we observed a significant amelioration of the inhibitory effect on autophagy, leading to reductions in VEGF oversecretion and BBB disruption. In conclusion, our study suggests that radiation can inhibit autophagy and promote VEGF oversecretion by upregulating the PI3K‐AKT pathway in astrocytes. Blocking the PI3K pathway can alleviate both of these effects, thereby mitigating damage to the BBB in patients undergoing radiation treatment.
Predelivery sonographic predictors of obstetric anal sphincter injury among nulliparous women
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Schwartz Anat , Horesh Nir , Alcalay Menachem , Ram Edward , Meyer Raanan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveData available at admission to delivery of nulliparous has rarely been investigated for prediction of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI). The aim of the present study was to study risk factors for OASI in nulliparous based on information available at admission.MethodsA retrospective study of all nulliparous women undergoing labor, during March 2011 to January 2021 was performed. We compared women with OASI following delivery to those without by univariate and multivariable regression.ResultsA total of 30 262 deliveries were included and 4181 (13.4%) of those were delivered by an emergent cesarean delivery. OASI followed 453 (1.5%) deliveries. Women in the OASI group were younger 29 ± 4.4 versus 30 ± 4.8, P = 0.001. In a multivariable regression analysis, higher sonographic estimated fetal weight was positively associated with OASI occurrence (aOR, 95% CI: 1.13 [1.00–1.29]). Maternal age was inversely associated with OASI occurrence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95 [0.92–0.97]).ConclusionSonographic fetal weight estimation is an independent risk factor for OASI occurrence that may be available at admission for delivery among nulliparous women.
Labor pain management practices and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Azeze Gedion Asnake , Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Efa Amelework Gonfa , Haile Kirubel Eshetu , Woldegeorgis Beshada Zerfu , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw , Lombebo Afework Alemu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe pain that women experience during labor and childbirth is the central feature of parturition in humans. Despite improvement in the development of standards for pain assessment and treatment, labor pain is mostly ignored especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries resulting in unmeasured suffering from childbirth for mothers.ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a comprehensive estimation of the pooled magnitude and associated factors of labor pain management practices in Ethiopian public health facilities.Search StrategyA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis statement. Electronic databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched from database inception to June 30, 2023.Selection CriteriaThe inclusion criteria were established prior to article review and follows the population, intervention, comparison and outcome criterions.Data Collection and AnalysisWe evaluated publication bias by means of funnel plots and Egger's test. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 statistics. For each associated factors in meta‐regressions, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted. A P value of 0.05 was used to determine the significance of the small study effect.Main ResultsOur search terms yielded 17 studies with 5735 participants. The pooled prevalence of labor pain management practices in Ethiopia was 45.73% (95% CI: 39.13, 52.32; I2 = 96.4). Having adequate knowledge regarding labor pain management (OR: 3.74; 95% CI: 2.74, 5.11; I2 = 53.8%), a favorable attitude toward labor pain management (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.03, 4.14; I2 = 63.8%), availability of labor analgesics (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 2.18, 4.79; I2 = 46.2%), and clinical experience of 10 or more years (OR: 3.45; 95% CI: 2.06, 5.78; I2 = 19.0%) were factors that were statistically associated with the use of labor pain management practices.ConclusionWe concluded that the routine practices of labor pain management by obstetric health providers in Ethiopia are still low. Therefore, it remains important to call for holistic and inclusive interventions targeting maternity health providers and hospital officials to update their long‐standing practices.RegistrationRegistered in PROSPERO under protocol number CRD42023429140.
Resistance Literature: Representations of Land and Indigeneity in Indigenous‐Authored, Canadian Award‐Winning Rural Young Adult and Middle‐Grade Fiction
Authors: Eppley Karen , Wood Jeffrey , Stagg‐Peterson Shelley 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSixty percent of Indigenous people in Canada live rurally and on reserve but are largely absent among young adult and middle‐grade fiction. This critical content analysis examines representations of the land and rural places and Indigenous identities in Canadian award‐winning fiction written by Indigenous authors for young adult and middle‐grade readers. By positioning land, place, and rural Indigenous youth identities and experiences at the center of the analysis, the study contradicts dominant colonizing perspectives of “rural” and “Indigenous” that undervalue and/or disregard the lives, knowledge, and perspectives of rural Indigenous community members. Critical content analysis makes visible the books' complex representations of rural land and identities where Indigenous characters are agentic, resilient, and adaptable in the face of settler colonialism.