bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are heads of department looking for in new general surgeons in Aotearoa New Zealand?
Authors: Tan Jeffrey , Korduke Olga , Smith Nicholas Lindsay , Eglinton Tim , Fischer Jesse 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTraining pathways vary significantly after completion of the general surgery surgical education and training (SET) program due to increasing sub‐specialization. Aotearoa New Zealand requires a diverse range of general surgeons. Appointment of new consultant surgeons can be an opaque process; trainees are often uncertain how to tailor their training to that required by potential employers. Heads of departments (HODs) are influential in new appointments, and their opinions on desirable candidate attributes are valuable.MethodsAn online survey was conducted in March 2023. All public hospital general surgery HODs were invited to participate. The survey sought opinions on the importance of attributes, skills and experience when appointing a new consultant general surgeon.ResultsThe response rate was 70% (14/20) including 6 of 7 HODs from tertiary hospitals and 8 of 13 from secondary hospitals. The top three desirable factors were all personal attributes (being a team player, having a strong work ethic, and good interpersonal skills). 10 of 14 respondents disagreed that SET completion alone is sufficient without the need for further training. Most respondents preferred at least 2 years of fellowship training, except for trauma and endocrine surgery, where 1 year was frequently considered sufficient. Only one respondent agreed formal research training is highly valued.ConclusionTrainees would be wise to obtain training desired by the majority of HODs while building an individualized profile of attributes, skills and experience tailored to hospitals they may wish to work in. The findings should be considered by organizations responsible for general surgical training and workforce planning.
The “European Yellowstone”: Entrepreneurs of the Wilderness and Transnational Elites in the Romanian Carpathians
Authors: Vesalon Lucian , Anghel Remus Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCarpathia—dubbed the “European Yellowstone”—is a private nature conservation project in Romania. Its establishment activates a critical linkage between entrepreneurs of the wilderness and transnational conservation elites. We indicate the contribution of entrepreneurialism to the expansion and adaptation of neoliberal conservation and reveal how biographical contingencies are involved in the making of conservation projects. At the same time, the focus on transnationalism reveals how local projects are designed, scaled‐up, and connected to global neoliberal conservation networks. Carpathia reveals the adaptability of neoliberal conservation and its expansion into the Eastern European peripheries through transnational elites. Its establishment illustrates how private conservation projects become essential sites for securing privileged access to nature in times of global ecological crises and uncovers the varieties of the global geographies of capitalist conservation.
Safety and performance of the Clearum™ high flux hemodialyzer
Authors: Krüger Thilo , Dellanna Frank , Kleophas Werner , Flader Ons , McClure Candace , Caiazzo Marialuisa , Manfredini Silvia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundClearum™ is a high flux steam sterilized dialyzer for patients with hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration. This study evaluated the safety and performance of the Clearum high flux steam sterilized hemodialyzer in the removal of small and middle‐sized toxins.MethodsA prospective, interventional, nonrandomized study enrolled twenty end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. The Clearum high flux steam sterilized dialyzer was compared to Fresenius FX dialyzers for baseline comparison. The duration of the trial was 2 weeks for the FX dialyzer and 6 weeks with the Clearum high flux steam sterilized dialyzer. In vitro studies with dextrans of varying sizes were performed to compare the membrane characteristics and sieving coefficient curves for the two dialyzers.ResultsThe primary objective of a mean urea reduction ratio >65% was met, with no significant difference in mean urea reduction ratio between the Clearum high flux steam sterilized and Fresenius FX‐series of dialyzers (p = 0.86). No dialyzer‐related adverse events were reported in the study. β‐2‐microglobulin reduction with the Clearum high flux steam sterilized dialyzer was statistically higher than the FX‐series dialyzer (66.5% vs. 53.6%; p < 0.0001). Predialysis interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein concentrations, blood‐rest scores (residual blood after blood restitution), and thrombin‐anti‐thrombin values were comparable. Albumin remained stable during the 6 weeks of Clearum high flux steam sterilized dialyzer use, with no appreciable differences compared to the Fresenius FX‐series.ConclusionThe Clearum high flux steam sterilized dialyzer showed good mid‐term effectivity for small and middle molecule removal with no reported dialyzer‐related adverse events.
A hop, skip and a jump towards evaluating social interaction and learning through play at a child and adolescent inpatient treatment program
Authors: Hassinger‐Das Brenna , Fletcher Katelyn , Todaro Rachael , Scott Molly , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe number of inpatient mental health facilities for children and adolescents in the United States is growing rapidly. While undergoing inpatient treatment, children and adolescents can benefit from innovative play opportunities designed to foster social interaction and learning.MethodsThe Playful Learning Landscapes (PLL) initiative is a group of projects designed to transform everyday spaces into opportunities for playful learning. As a part of this initiative, two designs—Lifesize Ruler and Jumping Feet—were installed in an inpatient mental health facility for children and adolescents in the Mid‐Atlantic region of the United States.ResultsResults of pre‐installation and post‐installation naturalistic observations suggested that social interactions, the use of STEM‐related language and 21st century skills, including confidence, increased after interacting with the installations.ConclusionsWhile previous research on PLL projects has demonstrated the efficacy of transforming public spaces into places for playful learning, this research provides support that, even in private, targeted settings, using a trauma‐informed approach, children and adolescents, can reap the benefits of playful learning.
No Peace for the Wicked? Immorality Is Thought to Disrupt Intrapersonal Harmony, Impeding Positive Psychological States and Happiness
Authors: Prinzing Michael M. , Fredrickson Barbara L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhy do people think that someone living a morally bad life is less happy than someone living a good life? One possibility is that judging whether someone is happy involves not only attributing positive psychological states (i.e., lots of pleasant emotions, few unpleasant emotions, and satisfaction with life) but also forming an evaluative judgment. Another possibility is that moral considerations affect happiness attributions because they tacitly influence attributions of positive psychological states. In two studies, we found strong support for the second hypothesis. Moral considerations only appear to affect happiness attributions when they also affect attributions of positive psychological states. Additionally, both studies supported a hypothesis about why moral judgments have these effects. Specifically, we found that when people judge that someone is living a bad life, they infer that the person is not at peace with themselves. However, when this inference is blocked, moral considerations do not affect attributions of happiness or positive psychological states. In sum, although “happiness” appears to be a purely psychological concept, happiness judgments are sensitive to moral considerations because people often assume that immorality disrupts intrapersonal harmony.
New insights into the interaction between m6A modification and lncRNA in cancer drug resistance
Authors: Jin Yizhou , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrug resistance is perhaps the greatest obstacle in improving outcomes for cancer patients, leading to recurrence, progression and metastasis of various cancers. Exploring the underlying mechanism worth further study. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common RNA modification found in eukaryotes, playing a vital role in RNA translation, transportation, stability, degradation, splicing and processing. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) refers to a group of transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides (nt) and typically lack the ability to code for proteins. LncRNA has been identified to play a significant role in regulating multiple aspects of tumour development and progression, including proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, and resistance to treatment. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged, highlighting the crucial role of the interplay between m6A modification and lncRNA in determining the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we focus on the recent advancements in the interaction between m6A modification and lncRNA in the modulation of cancer drug resistance. Additionally, we aim to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in this process. The objective of this review is to provide valuable insights and suggest potential future directions for the reversal of chemoresistance in cancer.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with brain function disruption in type 2 diabetes patients without cognitive impairment
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Wen , Bi Yan , Chen Jiu , Fu Linqing , Zhang Zhou , Chen Qian , Zhang Xin , Zhu Zhengyang , Zhang Bing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the neural static and dynamic intrinsic activity of intra‐/inter‐network topology among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and those without NAFLD (T2NAFLD group and T2noNAFLD group, respectively) and to assess the relationship with metabolism.MethodsFifty‐six patients with T2NAFLD, 78 with T2noNAFLD, and 55 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited to the study. Participants had normal cognition and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, clinical measurements, and global cognition evaluation. Independent component analysis was used to identify frequency spectrum parameters, static functional network connectivity, and temporal properties of dynamic functional network connectivity (P < 0.05, false discovery rate‐corrected). Statistical analysis involved one‐way analysis of covariance with post hoc, partial correlation and canonical correlation analyses.ResultsOur findings showed that: (i) T2NAFLD patients had more disordered glucose and lipid metabolism, had more severe insulin resistance, and were more obese than T2noNAFLD patients; (ii) T2D patients exhibited disrupted brain function, as evidenced by alterations in intra‐/inter‐network topology, even without clinically measurable cognitive impairment; (iii) T2NAFLD patients had more significant reductions in the frequency spectrum parameters of cognitive executive and visual networks than those with T2noNAFLD; and (iv) altered brain function in T2D patients was correlated with postprandial glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist‐hip ratio.ConclusionThis study may provide novel insights into neuroimaging correlates for underlying pathophysiological processes inducing brain damage in T2NAFLD. Thus, controlling blood glucose levels, lipid levels and abdominal obesity may reduce brain damage risk in such patients.
Supporting women's empowerment by changing intra‐household decision‐making: A mixed‐methods analysis of a field experiment in rural south‐west Tanzania
Authors: Lecoutere Els , Chu Lan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMotivationIn rural sub‐Saharan Africa, patriarchal social norms and customs often lead to unequal resource access, decision‐making power, and intra‐household power relations between women and men co‐heads of smallholder farm households. Household methodologies are gender‐transformative approaches that aim to achieve gender equality and empower women by improving intra‐household gender relations. Evidence of the impact of such approaches on women's empowerment is still scarce.PurposeWe assess the effects of a programme that introduces participatory intra‐household decision‐making to challenge gender relations within households on women's empowerment. The programme was delivered to monogamous couples who head smallholder coffee‐farming households in rural south‐west Tanzania.Methods and approachWe combine (quasi‐)experimental quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the programme's impact on women's empowerment and how that impact fits with women's valued domains of empowerment and individual pathways to empowerment.FindingsAwareness‐raising couple seminars, the programme's least intensive intervention, increased women's access to livestock. Intensive coaching in participatory decision‐making increased women's control over household coffee income—a priority for women. Couple seminars increased women's highly valued involvement in strategic farm decisions—intensive coaching increased it further. Access to personal income, however, valued by women for independent decision‐making for their households' wellbeing, did not change.Policy implicationsGender‐transformative approaches that challenge domestic gender relations can increase women's access to household income and resources, and increase their participation in farming decisions. Such approaches need to be complemented by interventions to increase women's human capital, knowledge of enterprises, and personal resources. Catering for women's diverse pathways towards empowerment may increase their effectiveness. Challenging deep gender norms requires long‐term engagement and trust between change agents and communities.
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Copenhagen Multi‐Centre Psychosocial Infertility‐Fertility Problem Stress Scales
Authors: Gao Yiming , Wang Qing , Li Guopeng , Zhao Xiangyu , Qin Rui , Kong Linghua , Li Ping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to introduce the Copenhagen Multi‐Centre Psychosocial Infertility (COMPI)‐Fertility Problem Stress Scales (COMPI‐FPSS) into China and test its applicability in Chinese infertile population.BackgroundInfertility‐related stress not only influences patients' psychological well‐being but is also strongly associated with reduced pregnancy rates and poorer assisted conception outcomes, thus warranting focussed attention.DesignThe design used in this study is a cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA total of 418 participants were recruited by convenience sampling from March to July 2022. The data were randomly divided into two parts: one for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis and the other for confirmatory factor analysis and reliability test. The critical ratio and homogeneity test were used to verify the differentiation and homogeneity of the COMPI‐FPSS; the construct validity was determined by explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses; Cronbach's α coefficient and Spearman–Brown coefficient were used to assess the reliability; and criterion validity was expressed using correlation coefficients for the Perceived Stress Scale and the Negative Affect Scale as the validity criteria.ResultsThe revised Chinese version of COMPI‐FPSS has 11 items and 2 dimensions (i.e., personal stress domain and social stress domain). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the two factors was 68.6%, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model fitted well. The score of the COMPI‐FPSS was significantly and positively associated with perceived stress and negative affect. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.905, and the Spearman–Brown coefficient was 0.836, explaining excellent reliability.ConclusionThe revised Chinese version of COMPI‐FPSS shows good reliability and validity, and it can be used to evaluate the infertility‐related stress of infertile patients in China.
The views and perceptions of training in physical health care amongst mental health nurses, managers of mental health nurses and trainers: A systematically constructed narrative synthesis
Authors: Jabbie Lamin , Walshe Catherine , Ahmed Faraz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeople with serious mental illness have higher morbidity and mortality rates compared with the general population. Mental health nurses are in an optimal position to address physical healthcare needs and inequalities experienced by this group. Research evidence suggests that mental health nurses may lack appropriate skills and confidence. The training needs of mental health nurses in physical health care of patients with serious mental illness and the perceived effectiveness of training that is provided to mental health nurses are explored in this review. A narrative synthesis approach (PROSPERO protocol registration ID=CRD42021230923) involved searching five electronic databases (PsycInfo, Cinahl, Embase, Medline and Web of Science) from 1990 to 2021. Study quality was assessed, and analysis and synthesis were initially deductively guided by a theoretical framework of training effectiveness prior to inductive data analysis. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. For studies examining perceived effectiveness of training, four themes were derived from the theoretical framework (individual trainee characteristics, work environment, learning outcomes, transfer of training to job) and further theme (service user factor) generated inductively. For studies examining training needs, three themes were derived inductively (knowledge and skills requirements, modality of training, service and healthcare factors). The study highlights the need for ongoing learning to improve practice. It also provides another perspective in terms of understanding the influence of service user factors (motivation and mental state) in designing and implementing of future training in mental health settings.
Initial clinical experience of atrial fibrillation ablation guided by a cryoballoon‐compatible, magnetic‐based circular catheter
Authors: Liao Yu , Bai Rong , Shatz Dalise Yi , Weiss J. Peter , Zawaneh Michael , Tung Roderick , Su Wilber 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe circular catheter compatible with current cryoballoon system for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is exclusively sensed by impedance‐based electro‐anatomical mapping (EAM) system, limiting the accuracy of maps. We aim to investigate the feasibility and safety of a magnetic‐based circular mapping catheter for AF ablation with cryoballoon.MethodsNineteen consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with cryoballoon for paroxysmal or persistent AF were included. EAMs of left atrium (LA) created by the LASSOSTAR™NAV catheter (Lassostar map) before and after PVI were compared to that generated by a high‐density mapping catheter (Pentaray map) from different aspects including structural similarity, PV angle, LA posterior wall (LAPW) and low voltage areas (LVAs), and the amplitude of far field electrograms (FFEs) recorded by catheters.ResultsAll patients had successful PVI without major complications. With similar mapping time and density, the LA volume calculated from the Pentaray map and Lassostar map were comparable. There were no significant differences in PV angle of all PVs and PW area (16.8 ± 3.2 vs. 17.1 ± 2.8, p = .516) between Pentaray map and Lassostar map. High structural similarity score was observed between two maps (0.783 in RAO/LAO view and 0.791 in PA view). Lassostar map detected lesser but not statistically significant extension of LVA (13.9% vs. 18.3%, p = .07). Amplitude of FFE was larger at the right superior PV on Lassostar map (0.21 ± 0.16 vs. 0.14 ± 0.11 mV, p = .041) compared to that on the Pentaray map.ConclusionIn our initial experience, PVI with cryoballoon and magnetic‐based circular LASSOSTAR™NAV catheter was safe and effective based on the accurate LA geometry it created.
Akkermansia muciniphilaMucT attenuates sodium valproate‐induced hepatotoxicity and upregulation of Akkermansia muciniphila in rats
Authors: Cui Zhi , Xu Liang , Zhao Ming , Zhou Luping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the previous study, we found that the oral sodium valproate (SVP) increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) in rats, and plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were positively correlated with A. muciniphila levels. This study aimed to further investigate the role of A. muciniphila in SVP‐induced hepatotoxicity by orally supplementing rats with the representative strain of A. muciniphila, A. muciniphila MucT. Additionally, the fresh faeces were incubated anaerobically with SVP to investigate the effect of SVP on faecal A. muciniphila in the absence of host influence. Results showed that A. muciniphila MucT ameliorated the hepatotoxicity and upregulation of A. muciniphila induced by SVP. SVP also induced a noteworthy elevation of A. muciniphila level in vitro, supporting the observation in vivo. Therefore, we speculate that A. muciniphila MucT may be a potential therapeutic strategy for SVP‐induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, the increased A. muciniphila induced by SVP may differ from A. muciniphila MucT, but further evidence is needed. These findings provide new insights into the relationships between A. muciniphila and SVP‐induced hepatotoxicity, highlighting the potential for different A. muciniphila strains to have distinct or even opposing effects on SVP‐induced hepatotoxicity.
Changes in surgery rates among hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Japan from 2015 to 2019: A nationwide administrative database analysis
Authors: Yoshida Shoko , Imai Shinobu , Fushimi Kiyohide 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimTreatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), has advanced with the application of biologics or Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi); however, some patients still need surgery. We assessed time trends of surgery and biologics or JAKi variety in Japan.MethodsPatients hospitalized due to IBD were analyzed using Diagnosis Procedure Combination data between 2015 and 2019. Longitudinal trend analysis was performed for demographics, and interrupted time‐series analysis was performed to examine the association between surgery rates and an increase in the types of biologics or JAKi.ResultsTotally, 37 867 cases with UC and 35 493 cases with CD were analyzed. Over 5 years, the surgery rate decreased in both UC and CD. The proportion of biologics and JAKi usage increased in UC and stabilized in CD. Between decreasing surgery and expanding treatment options of biologic or JAKi, interrupted time‐series analysis results showed no significant correlation (level change in UC, −1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.11 to −0.16, P = 0.0235; slope change in UC, −0.05, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.16, P = 0.6372; level change in CD, −0.55, 95% CI: −1.82 to 0.71, P = 0.3815; slope change in CD, −0.22, 95% CI: −0.63 to 0.19, P = 0.2892).ConclusionsIn Japan, from 2015 to 2019, the use of biologics or JAKi increased for UC and slightly decreased for CD, while the number of surgeries decreased in both. Our findings suggest that more widespread use of biologics or JAKi therapy could reduce surgeries in patients with IBD.