bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The outcome of full and deep pulpotomy in teeth with extremely deep carious lesion and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shah Aaqib , PV Amritha , Sharma Sidhartha , Kumar Vijay , Chawla Amrita , Logani Ajay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo compare the outcome of full and deep pulpotomy performed in mature permanent teeth with extremely deep carious lesion and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.MethodologyThis parallel‐group, double‐blind, non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted after ethical clearance. Patients with mature permanent teeth with extremely deep carious lesion and diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were recruited. Teeth were randomly allocated to two study groups, i.e. Group I: full pulpotomy (excision of pulp tissue up to the level of root canal orifices) and Group II: deep pulpotomy (excision of radicular pulp tissue 2–3 mm apical to root canal orifices). Haemostasis was achieved using cotton pellet moistened with 2.5% NaOCl for up to 10 min. Mineral trioxide aggregate was used as a pulp capping agent and teeth were restored in the same visit with resin composite. Outcome assessment was performed at 12‐month follow‐up based on clinical and radiographic evaluation. The success rate was determined by intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analysis. Two sample t‐tests were used to compare the time taken to achieve haemostasis and determine its association with treatment outcome.ResultsA total of sixty teeth received treatment in both study groups. The bleeding time was significantly more in Group I (6.13 ± 1.59 min) compared to group II (5.23 ± 1.22 min) (p < .0171). The recall rate was 86.6% at study end point when fifty‐two teeth were analysed at 12‐month follow up. The success rate was 88.46% and 92.30% for per protocol analysis and 76.67 and 80% for ITT analysis for Group I and Group II, respectively, without any statistically significant difference (p = .610). The absolute risk difference between each treatment was within the 10% non‐inferiority limit. There was no statistically significant association between time taken to achieve haemostasis and treatment outcome in both study groups.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference between full and deep pulpotomy techniques, with respect to achievement of haemostasis and treatment outcome for management of teeth with extremely deep caries and irreversible pulpitis.
LAG Time in the Era of Immunotherapy—New Molecular Insights Into the Immunosuppression Mechanism of Lymphocyte Activation Gene‐3
Authors: Luca Vincent C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe immune checkpoint receptor lymphocyte activation gene‐3 (LAG3) inhibits T‐cell activation and was recently validated as a target for cancer immunotherapy. Despite its emergence as a therapeutic target, a lack of molecular‐level insight has obscured our understanding of the LAG3 immunosuppression mechanism. This review highlights a series of breakthroughs that have illuminated fundamental aspects of LAG3 molecular biology. Key discoveries include structural insights into LAG3 interactions with ligands and antibodies, mechanistic studies of LAG3 interference with T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling, and the development of novel therapeutics. A particular focus is placed on structure–function relationships for LAG3‐targeting drugs, as it has become apparent that several distinct approaches to LAG3 antagonism are viable. In addition to LAG3 antagonists, agonistic LAG3 antibodies and immunostimulatory LAG3 extracellular domains (ECDs) are discussed in the context of current structural and mechanistic data. Collectively, these findings should provide an updated landscape for the design of optimal LAG3‐based therapeutics for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Engaging with the Nicene Creed through Contextual Bible Study: Mark 10:17‐22
Authors: West Gerald O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe year 2025 offers the church an opportunity to reflect on the Nicene Creed in dialogue with Mark 10:17‐22. This Bible study–based dialogue invites us all – particularly those who have been marginalized by political, economic, and ecclesial systems of oppression – to be instructed by Jesus on the mechanisms of systemic economic oppression. Even the Nicene Creed can learn from Jesus if we incorporate into each of its four sections the voices of the marginalized who have, through contextual Bible study work, offered the church revised forms of the Nicene Creed.
The Berlin Conference
Authors: Mwombeki Fidon R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractColonization and Christian mission had a symbiotic relationship. This has raised the question of the relationship between missionaries and colonizers. Most would agree that they influenced each other: colonialism facilitated the growth of Christianity, and missionary work provided fertile ground for colonialism in some parts of Africa. However, it is important to also highlight that some missionary work in Africa was purely for the spread of the gospel and not colonialism. With the partition of Africa after the Berlin Conference of 1884–85, many colonial powers restricted mission work in their colonies to missionaries from their own countries. This resulted in a denominational division and distribution that is still reflected in African churches today. However, in nations that are predominantly Muslim, the mission was not successful by either persuasion or coercion. Although the gospel was brought to Africa by the Europeans and linked to colonialism, it is not European. African Christians do not see the gospel as colonial or needing to be decolonized but are willing to share with others, including their former colonizers.
Provincial Industrial Policy and Corporate Emissions: Evidence From China
Authors: Lin Nan , Lin Shuping , Zhang Pengdong , Zhang Qihao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIndustrial policy plays a crucial role in economic development and is gaining increasing attention. While previous literature has demonstrated the positive impact of these policies on economic and industrial growth, their environmental impact remains unclear. Using establishment‐level data, we investigate how Chinese provincial industrial policies affect corporate pollution levels. We find that establishments encouraged by provincial industrial policies exhibit significantly higher sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. This effect is mainly driven by: (1) lower risks of environmental penalties, (2) increased use of cost‐effective but polluting energy sources, and (3) reduced investments in environmental technologies. The impact of provincial industrial policies on a firm's emissions is more pronounced under certain conditions: when local governments face substantial economic pressures; when government officials are locally promoted or have a high probability of political promotion; when firms are economically important or state‐owned; when firms lack rigorous external oversight; and when firms operate in environments with higher citizen environmental participation. Our findings suggest that industrial policies aimed at rapid economic growth may conflict with environmental goals, providing insights for policymakers on balancing economic development and environmental protection in emerging economies.
No‐Biopsy Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease in Children Without Anti‐Endomysial IgA Antibody Testing: Combining Anti‐Tissue Transglutaminase IgA and Anti‐Deamidated Gliadin IgG Antibodies
Authors: Pumar Marsus , Choo Sharon , Rosenbaum Jeremy , Alex George , Ho Shaun S. C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the utility of anti‐tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (tTG‐IgA) and anti‐deaminated gliadin peptide IgG antibodies (DGP‐IgG) in detecting coeliac disease (CD) and whether DGP‐IgG can replace anti‐endomysial IgA antibody in the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition no‐biopsy approach in diagnosing CD.MethodsChildren aged < 19 years who had paired tTG‐IgA and DGP‐IgG performed and had a gastroscopy with biopsies between 1 March 2016 and 31 October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsOf 1206 patients who fulfilled the study criteria, 298 (24.7%) patients were diagnosed with CD. Fifteen patients with IgA deficiency were excluded from any tTG‐IgA analysis. tTG‐IgA had sensitivity and specificity of 93.5% and 92.0%, respectively, in detecting CD, while DGP‐IgG had sensitivity of 97.0% and specificity of 86.7%. tTG‐IgA ≥ 10x upper limit of normal (ULN) alone had a specificity of 99.3% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.8%. An optimal DGP‐IgG threshold was identified to be 70 U/mL (3.5x ULN) based on > 99% specificity in detecting CD. When tTG‐IgA ≥ 10x ULN was combined with DGP‐IgG ≥ 3.5 ULN, the PPV in diagnosing CD was 98.5%. DGP‐IgG performed well in detecting CD in 126 children aged < 3 years, with all patients with CD having an elevated DGP‐IgG (sensitivity 100%).ConclusionsCombined tTG‐IgA ≥ 10x ULN and DGP‐IgG ≥ 3.5x ULN provided a high PPV (98.5%) in diagnosing CD. DGP‐IgG testing can potentially replace EMA testing in those children with tTG‐IgA ≥ 10x ULN. Future studies should evaluate DGP‐IgG testing as a sequential test.
Geographically Weighted Regression–Based Modeling on the Basis of Bandwidth and Autoregressive Coefficient Uncertainty Determined Using Akaike Weights
Authors: Chen Feng , Wang Qiang , Zhou Yu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGeographical modeling has to be based on fundamental characteristics of geographical processes. To simultaneously consider the three fundamental characteristics in one model, the recently developed multi‐scale geographically weighted regression with spatial autoregressive (MGWR‐SAR) model uses SAR, spatially varying coefficients, and covariate‐specific bandwidths to account for spatial autocorrelation, nonstationary regression relationships and multi‐scale effects (i.e., different operational scales of different underlying processes, corresponding to different bandwidths of different coefficients), respectively. On the basis of bandwidth and autoregressive coefficient uncertainty determined using Akaike weights, we propose a method to test differences in operational scale among different MGWR‐SAR coefficients, further identify the constant regression coefficients with the global operational scale, and test the significance of the autoregressive coefficient for model specification. After evaluating the proposed method using numerical experiments, we demonstrate its applicability in empirical analysis. A mixed MGWR‐SAR model specified by our method outperforms the other five baseline models.
Lattices in function fields and applications
Authors: Bagshaw Christian , Kerr Bryce 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn recent decades, the use of ideas from Minkowski's Geometry of Numbers has gained recognition as a helpful tool in bounding the number of solutions to modular congruences with variables from short intervals. In 1941, Mahler introduced an analogue to the Geometry of Numbers in function fields over finite fields. Here, we build on Mahler's ideas and develop results useful for bounding the sizes of intersections of lattices and convex bodies in , which are more precise than what is known over . These results are then applied to various problems regarding bounding the number of solutions to congruences in , such as the number of points on polynomial curves in low‐dimensional subspaces of finite fields. Our results improve on a number of previous bounds due to Bagshaw, Cilleruelo, Shparlinski and Zumalacárregui. We also present previous techniques developed by various authors for estimating certain energy/point counts in a unified manner.
Uso de catéteres caudales para analgesia postoperatoria en lactantes y neonatos llevados a cirugía abdominal: Una revisión narrativa
Authors: Fajardo Angelica Paola , Rezk Schuler Gabriel Salim , Clavijo Vega Silvia 
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El manejo del dolor en menores de un año implica desafíos por la inmadurez fisiológica, limitaciones éticas y dificultades en la medición del dolor. Se emplean escalas como PiPP y FLACC para ello. Aunque la analgesia multimodal, especialmente la regional, es crucial, las dosis se restringen dado el peso y la inmadurez fisiológica.
Métodos: Se efectuó una búsqueda de literatura en inglés y español entre 2013 y 2023, enfocándose en revisiones, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos sobre analgesia caudal en neonatos e infantes menores.
Resultados: Numerosos estudios respaldan la eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia caudal en menores de un año sometidos a cirugías, destacando beneficios como menor tiempo de extubación, bajos puntajes de dolor y reducción de complicaciones. Aunque se observan tasas de complicaciones, estas no parecen ser una barrera significativa para el uso de bloqueos caudales en esta población.
Discusión: La analgesia caudal en neonatos e infantes es crucial debido a su inmadurez fisiológica. A pesar de beneficios como extubación temprana y reducción de complicaciones de analgesia intravenosa, la heterogeneidad en estudios y la falta de estándares dificultan las recomendaciones. A pesar de las complicaciones, se destaca la necesidad de entrenamiento especializado en la colocación de catéteres caudales en esta población.
Surveillance and prevention of infection in clinical xenotransplantation
Authors: Stewart Adam G. , Fishman Jay A. 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Xenotransplantation, the transplantation of living organs, tissues, or cells between species, carries the potential to address the global shortage of human organs for patients with end-stage organ failure. Recent advances in genetic engineering have improved prospects for clinical xenotransplantation by reducing immune and inflammatory responses to grafts, controlling coagulation on endothelial surfaces, and modifying viral risks, including the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Management of infectious risks posed by clinical xenotransplantation requires meticulous attention to the biosecure breeding and microbiological surveillance of source animals and recipients and consideration of novel infection control requirements. Infectious risks in xenotransplantation stem from both known human pathogens in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and from porcine organisms for which the clinical manifestations, microbial assays, and therapies are generally limited. Both known and unknown zoonoses may be transmitted from pigs to humans. Some pig-specific pathogens do not infect human cells but have systemic manifestations when active within the xenograft, including porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV), which contributes to graft rejection and consumptive coagulopathy. The role of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in humans remains uncertain despite the absence of documented transmissions and the availability of swine with inactivated genomic PERV. New technologies, such as metagenomic sequencing and multi-omics approaches, will be essential for detection of novel infections and for understanding interactions between the xenograft, the host’s immune system, and potential pathogens. These approaches will allow development of infection control protocols, pathogen surveillance requirements, and tailored antimicrobial therapies to enhance the safety and success of clinical xenotransplantation.
Gut microbe-derived betulinic acid alleviates sepsis-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome in mice
Authors: Tang Xuheng , Zeng Tairan , Deng Wenyan , Zhao Wanning , Liu Yanan , Huang Qiaobing , Deng Yiyu , Xie Weidang , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Sepsis-induced acute liver injury (SALI) is a prevalent and life-threatening complication associated with sepsis. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the maintenance of health and the development of diseases. The impact of physical exercise on gut microbiota modulation has been well-documented. However, the potential impact of gut microbiome on exercise training-induced protection against SALI remains uncertain. Here, we discovered exercise training ameliorated SALI and systemic inflammation in septic mice. Notably, gut microbiota pre-depletion abolished the protective effects of exercise training in SALI mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment revealed that exercise training-associated gut microbiota contributed to the beneficial effect of exercise training on SALI. Exercise training modulated the metabolism of
Ligilactobacillus
and enriched betulinic acid (BA) levels in mice. Functionally, BA treatment conferred protection against SALI by inhibiting the hepatic inflammatory response in mice. BA bound and inactivated hnRNPA2B1, thus suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Collectively, this study reveals gut microbiota is involved in the protective effects of exercise training against SALI, and gut microbiota-derived BA inhibits the hepatic inflammatory response via the hnRNPA2B1-NLRP3 axis, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for SALI.

IMPORTANCE
Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to an infection that leads to multiple organ dysfunction. The occurrence of acute liver injury is frequently observed during the initial stage of sepsis and is directly linked to mortality in the intensive care unit. The preventive effect of physical exercise on SALI is well recognized, yet the underlying mechanism remains poorly elucidated. Exercise training alters the gut microbiome in mice, increasing the abundance of Ligilactobacillus and promoting the generation of BA. Additionally, BA supplementation can suppress the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages by directly binding to hnRNPA2B1, thereby mitigating SALI. These results highlight the beneficial role of gut microbiota-derived BA in inhibiting the hepatic inflammatory response, which represents a crucial stride toward implementing microbiome-based therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of sepsis.
CRISPR editing of candidate host factors that impact influenza A virus infection
Authors: Kyawe Pyae Phyo , Liu Ping , Jiang Zhaozhao , Bradley Evan S. , Cicuto Thomas , Trombly Melanie I. , Silverman Neal , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , McDougall William M. , Wang Jennifer P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory pathogen with a segmented negative-sense RNA genome that can cause epidemics and pandemics. The host factors required for the complete IAV infectious cycle have not been fully identified. Here, we examined three host factors for their contributions to IAV infectivity. We performed CRISPR-mediated knockout of cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (CMAS) as well as CRISPR-mediated overexpression of beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) and adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) in the human bronchial epithelial A549 cell line and evaluated the impact on IAV and other RNA viruses. We confirmed that knockout of
CMAS
or overexpression of
B4GALNT2
restricts IAV infection by diminishing binding to the cell surface but has no effect on vesicular stomatitis virus infection. Although ADAR1 overexpression does not significantly inhibit IAV replication, it has a pro-viral effect with coxsackie B virus (CVB) infection. This pro-viral effect is not likely secondary to reduced type I interferon (IFN) production, as the induction of the IFN-stimulated genes
ISG15
and
CXCL10
is negligible in both parent and ADAR1-overexpressing A549 cells following CVB challenge. In contrast,
ISG15
and
CXCL10
production is robust and equal for parent and ADAR1-overexpressing A549 cells challenged with IAV. Taken together, these data provide insights into how host factors can be further explored to understand the dynamics of pro- and anti-viral factors.

IMPORTANCE
Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a global threat due to its ability to cause pandemics, making the identification of host factors essential for developing new antiviral strategies. In this study, we utilized CRISPR-based techniques to investigate host factors that impact IAV infectivity. Knockout of CMAS, a key enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis, significantly reduced IAV binding and infection by disrupting sialic acid production on the cell surface. Overexpression of B4GALNT2 had similar effects, conferring resistance to IAV infection through diminished cell-surface binding. Overexpression of ADAR1, known for its role in RNA editing and immune regulation, impacted IAV replication minimally but enhanced coxsackie B virus replication. Such findings reveal the diverse roles of host factors in viral infection, offering insights for targeted therapeutic development against IAV and other pathogens.
NIFTy: near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging to prevent postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) after thyroid surgery—a phase II/III pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial protocol in patients undergoing a total or completion thyroidectomy
Authors: Croft Julie , Ainsworth Gemma , Corrigan Neil , Gordon Katie , Perry Anna , Twiddy Maureen , Strachan Mark , Wadsley Jonathan , Mehanna Hisham , Sharma Neil , Glenister Elizabeth , Stocken Deborah D , Balasubramanian Sabapathy Prakash P 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) is an iatrogenic condition that occurs as a complication of several different procedures with thyroid surgery being the most common. PoSH has significant short- and long-term morbidities. The volume of thyroid surgery is increasing, and PoSH is therefore likely to increase. Some studies have shown promising results using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging in reducing the risk of PoSH which has the potential to significantly reduce morbidity and costs associated with monitoring and treatment.

Methods and analysis
NIFTy is an unblinded, parallel group, multicentre, seamless phase II/III randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy. The trial incorporates a process evaluation (IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term follow-up framework) 2a) to inform the trial protocol, a phase II (IDEAL 2b) analysis using a surrogate primary outcome of 1 day transient hypocalcaemia to determine early futility and phase III (IDEAL 3) assessment of the primary outcome of PoSH at 6 months after surgery. 454 participants will be randomised on a 1:1 basis to evaluate thyroid surgery with NIRF and indocyanine green against standard thyroid surgery in reducing PoSH at 6 months after surgery, with the phase II analysis occurring once data are available for 200 participants. Analysis in both phases will be using multilevel logistic regression incorporating random effects with respect to surgeon and adjusting for minimisation factors. Phase III secondary outcomes include protracted hypoparathyroidism, hypercalcaemia, complications, length of stay, readmissions and patient reported quality of life using the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire and Hypoparathyroid Patient Questionnaire instruments.

Ethics and dissemination
NIFTy is funded by National Institute for Health and Care Research Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme (Grant Ref: 17/11/27) and approved by a Research Ethics Committee (reference: 21/WA/0375) and Health Research Authority (HRA). Trial results will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publication and through relevant patient groups.

Trial registration number

NCT59074092
.