bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments in inclusion body myositis: a systematic review
Authors: Santos Eduardo José Ferreira , Farisogullari Bayram , Yapp Nicholas , Townsley Hermaleigh , Sousa Pedro , Machado Pedro M 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo identify the best evidence on the efficacy of treatment interventions for inclusion body myositis (IBM) and to describe their safety.MethodsSystematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological treatments of adults with IBM, conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook, updating a previous Cochrane review. The search strategy was run on Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Assessment of risk of bias, data extraction and synthesis were performed independently by two reviewers. Data pooled in statistical meta-analyses, if possible.ResultsFrom a total of 487 records, 48 were selected for full-text review, 14 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, but only 2 RCTs were included in meta-analyses due to clinical heterogeneity (different drug interventions or dosages). Treatments included various immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agents, alongside interventions modulating muscle growth and protein homoeostasis. Efficacy was assessed across multiple outcomes, namely muscle strength, physical function, mobility and muscle trophicity. Trials of methotrexate (MTX), intravenous immunoglobulin, interferon beta-1a and MTX, MTX and anti-T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin, oxandrolone, MTX and azathioprine, bimagrumab, arimoclomol, and sirolimus provided low-quality to high-quality evidence of having no effect on the progression of IBM.ConclusionsDrug interventions for IBM were not effective for most of the outcomes of interest. We observed inconsistency of outcome measures across trials. More RCTs are needed, of adequate size and duration, and using a standardised set of outcome measures.
Outcomes following hepatic angioembolization for patients with traumatic liver injury
Authors: Empey Rebecca , Nirula Ram , Lombardo Sarah 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundManagement of traumatic liver injury includes observation, hemorrhage control laparotomy (HCL), and/or liver angioembolization (LAE). Although the literature supports LAE as an effective option, procedure-related complications are well described and not uncommon. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether LAE is associated with worse outcomes in both patients undergoing HCL and patients managed expectantly.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of patients with grades III to V traumatic liver injury enrolled in the 2018 to 2020 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. Two comparisons were performed: (1) HCL within 24 hours of admission with and without LAE, and (2) no HCL within 24 hours of admission with and without LAE. Propensity score matching was used to account for differences in patient acuity, and univariate analysis was performed to compare groups.ResultsBoth groups were well balanced after matching. Among patients with initial HCL, concomitant LAE did not affect mortality, length of stay, or complications. Patients with LAE underwent more percutaneous liver drainage procedures (7.8% vs. 3.3%, p=0.016). In the second comparison, LAE was associated with a statistically significant increase in hospital length of stay (17.6 days vs. 14.2 days, p<0.001) and more percutaneous liver drainage procedures (4.3% vs. 0.8%, p=0.002) but less open liver repairs (3.5% vs. 8.3%, p=0.004). For both cohorts, patients undergoing LAE had significantly higher 4-hour transfusion volumes.ConclusionLAE following traumatic liver injury is associated with more percutaneous liver drainage procedures. It is associated with increased hospital length of stay when compared with patients who are managed expectantly, but does not significantly affect mortality or hospital complications. Although the literature reports a high rate of liver-related complications, we found a relatively lower rate of liver-related interventions, particularly in the non-operative group.Level of evidenceIII.
Special Section dedicated to Dr. Halcyon Lawrence: "Please Continue This Good Work!": A Letter to Dr. Halcyon Lawrence from a Brief Friend
Authors: Dammeyer Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Dear Halcyon,
You probably didn't realize the impact you had when, sitting on that bench outside of The Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) at the 2023 CPTSC conference, you changed the topic of our conversation from your new house to, "And what is your research on, Sarah?"
No one had ever asked me that before.
Dr. Halcyon Lawrence: A Resounding Legacy
Authors: Neefe Lauren 
Published: January 2025

I last heard from Dr. Lawrence about two weeks before she died when she responded to my request for her expertise:
Dr. Neefe,
Attached are my comments on the 2 surveys. I'm concerned about the length of the POE survey in particular...It's long and I'm assuming if people are responding to this this [sic] on their way out of the building, they are not going to give it the careful thought and reflection that many of the questions require. But maybe I have the context of the survey wrong...
I hope my comments are helpful --- this is such an exciting project,
Halcyon
Matching GPT-simulated populations with real ones in psychological studies - the case of the EPQR-A personality test
Authors: Ferreira Gregorio , Amidei Jacopo , Nieto Rubén , Kaltenbrunner Andreas 
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes how well OpenAI's LLM GPT-4 can emulate different personalities and simulate populations to answer psychological questionnaires similarly to real population samples. For this purpose, we performed different experiments with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Abbreviated (EPQR-A) in three different languages (Spanish, English, and Slovak). The EPQR-A measures personality on four scales: extraversion (E: sociability), neuroticism (N: emotional stability), psychoticism (P: tendency to break social rules, and not having empathy), and lying (L: social desirability).
We perform a comparative analysis of the answers of synthetic populations with those of two real population samples of Spanish students as well as the unconditioned baseline personality of GPT. Furthermore, the impact of time (what year the questionnaire is answered), questionnaire language, and student age and gender are analyzed.
To our knowledge, this is the first time the EPQR-A test has been used to assess the GPT´s personality and the impact of different language versions and time are measured.
Our analysis reveals that GPT-4 exhibits an extroverted, emotionally stable personality with low psychoticism levels and high social desirability. GPT-4 replicates some differences observed in real populations in terms of gender but only partially replicates the results for real populations.
An Empirical Study on Challenges for LLM Application Developers
Authors: Chen Xiang , Gao Chaoyang , Chen Chunyang , Zhang Guangbei , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2025

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have seen rapid advancements, significantly impacting various fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and software engineering. These LLMs, exemplified by OpenAI’s ChatGPT, have revolutionized the way we approach language understanding and generation tasks. However, in contrast to traditional software development practices, LLM development introduces new challenges for AI developers in design, implementation, and deployment. These challenges span different areas (such as prompts, APIs, and plugins), requiring developers to navigate unique methodologies and considerations specific to LLM application development.
Despite the profound influence of LLMs, to the best of our knowledge, these challenges have not been thoroughly investigated in previous empirical studies. To fill this gap, we present the first comprehensive study on understanding the challenges faced by LLM developers. Specifically, we crawl and analyze 29,057 relevant questions from a popular OpenAI developer forum. We first examine their popularity and difficulty. After manually analyzing 2,364 sampled questions, we construct a taxonomy of challenges faced by LLM developers. Based on this taxonomy, we summarize a set of findings and actionable implications for LLM-related stakeholders, including developers and providers (especially the OpenAI organization).
Placental Hypoxia-Induced Ferroptosis Drives Vascular Damage in Preeclampsia
Authors: Park Chanho , Alahari Sruthi , Ausman Jonathan , Liu Ruizhe , Nguyen Frederik , Sallais Julien , Post Martin , Caniggia Isabella 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Iron is an essential micronutrient for cell survival and growth; however, excess of this metal drives ferroptosis. Although maternal iron imbalance and placental hypoxia are independent contributors to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, the mechanisms by which their interaction impinge on maternal and placental health remain elusive.

METHODS:

We used placentae from normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancy cohorts, human H9 embryonic stem cells differentiated into cytotrophoblast-like cells, and placenta-specific
Phd2

−/−

preeclamptic mice. Lipid peroxidation and iron cargo of placenta-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolated from the maternal circulation of control and preeclampsia individuals were examined by mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, and colorimetry. Human microvascular endothelial cells’ angiogenic capacity and function were examined after exposure to control and pathological sEVs.

RESULTS:

Placentae from preeclampsia pregnancies contain increased ferrous iron and lipid peroxidation byproduct, malondialdehyde. Antioxidant capacity is significantly lower in preeclampsia placentae, with decreased glutathione content, and GPx4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) expression and activity. Hypoxia triggers the occurrence of ferroptosis in human trophoblast cells and mouse
Phd2

−

/−

placentae. Disrupted placental iron homeostasis in preeclampsia is accompanied by improper extrusion of iron through sEVs mediated by the pentaspan protein prominin-2. Heightened lipid peroxidation content was found in villous explants and maternal circulating sEVs of preeclampsia individuals. Exposure of human microvascular endothelial cells to preeclampsia-derived placental sEVs results in endothelial activation and impaired angiogenesis, which is rescued by treatment with hinokitiol, a compound known to restore tissue iron balance.

CONCLUSIONS:
In pregnancy, iron and oxygen work synergistically to conserve an operative antioxidant system to maintain iron homeostasis and protect the placenta from ferroptotic death. Hindrance to this system due to hypoxia results in heightened ferroptosis rates and sEV-mediated extrusion of harmful lipid peroxides from trophoblast cells into the circulation thereby contributing to maternal endothelial dysfunction characterizing preeclampsia.
Nephronectin Is Required for Vascularization in Zebrafish and Sufficient to Promote Mammalian Vessel‐Like Structures in Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Patra Chinmoy , Rayrikar Amey , Wagh Ganesh , Kleefeldt Florian , Roshanbinfar Kaveh , Cop Florian , Nikolic Iva , Schmidt Mirko H. H. , Acker‐Palmer Amparo , Ergün Süleyman , Engel Felix B. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Organs and tissues need to be vascularized during development. Similarly, vascularization is required to engineer thick tissues. How vessels are formed during organogenesis is not fully understood, and vascularization of engineered tissues remains a significant challenge.

Methods and Results

Here, we show that the extracellular matrix protein nephronectin is required for vascularization during zebrafish development as well as adult fin regeneration and is sufficient to promote mammalian vessel formation and maturation. Nephronectin a morphants and mutants exhibit diminished axial vein sprouting and posterior intersegmental vessel growth. Notably, the angiogenesis‐associated integrins
itgav
and
itgb3.1
are coexpressed with nephronectin a in the region of the caudal vein plexus and posterior somites; nephronectin binds to integrin alpha‐V/integrin beta‐3.1 (ITGAV/ITGB3.1), and
itgav
morphants phenocopy nephronectin a mutants. In addition, nephronectin a mutants showed decreased vessel maturation compared with wild‐type siblings during caudal fin regeneration in adult zebrafish. Moreover, nephronectin promotes mammalian endothelial cell migration and tube formation in 2D and 3‐dimensional in vitro tissue culture. Further, nephronectin enhances vascular endothelial growth factor‐induced periaortic vascular capillary interconnectivity, vessel diameter, and vessel stability.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results identify nephronectin as a proangiogenic factor during embryonic development, which can be used to improve the vascularization of engineered tissues.
Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Moazzami Kasra , Sullivan Samaah , Wang Maggie , Okoh Alexis K. , Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Pearce Brad , Shah Amit J. , Sun Yan V. , Ko Yi‐An , Raggi Paolo , Bremner J. Douglas , Vaccarino Viola , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Acute psychological stress may induce physiological changes predisposing individuals to adverse health outcomes through hemodynamic and vascular effects. We studied the association between the aggregated stress‐induced changes in hemodynamic and vascular function tests with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Methods and Results

Individuals with stable coronary artery disease from 2 prospective cohort studies were studied. Hemodynamic reactivity, changes in endothelial function, and vasoconstriction during mental stress were evaluated using changes in rate‐pressure product, brachial artery flow‐mediated vasodilation, and peripheral arterial tonometry, respectively. A cardiovascular reactivity risk score was calculated by allotting 0 to 3 points for each quartile of increasing abnormality for each of the 3 reactivity responses and summing the quartile points from the MIPS (Mental Stress Ischemia Prognosis Study) to yield a cardiovascular reactivity risk score ranging from 0 to 9. The outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and heart failure hospitalizations during follow‐up. A total of 629 participants were included. After adjustment for demographic and traditional risk factors, a blunted hemodynamic response, a greater decrease in flow‐mediated vasodilation, and a greater degree of peripheral vasoconstriction to mental stress were all independently associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes in both cohorts. By adding the cardiovascular reactivity risk score, the C‐statistic increased significantly by 10% (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Among individuals with stable coronary artery disease, a risk score derived from cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress was predictive of adverse cardiovascular outcomes beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Risk of Symptomatic Embolism in Patients With Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Santos‐Patarroyo Sebastian D. , Quintero‐Martinez Juan A. , Lahr Brian D. , Chesdachai Supavit , DeSimone Daniel C. , Villarraga Hector R. , Michelena Hector I. , Baddour Larry M. 
Published: January 2025

Background

Echocardiographic evaluation of vegetations is crucial in infective endocarditis (
IE
). Although several studies have noted a link between larger vegetations and an increased risk of embolization, a more comprehensive evaluation of vegetation characteristics in a contemporary cohort has not been conducted. Our study aimed to define the short‐term risk of symptomatic embolization in patients with
IE
.

Methods and Results

The Mayo Clinic
IE
registry was screened to identify patients from 2015 to 2021 who had undergone transesophageal echocardiography. Multivariable subdistribution hazards regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the cumulative incidence of symptomatic embolism over 30 days accounting for the competing risk of death. Overall, 779 patients with
IE
were included, of whom 517 (66.4%) were men, median age was 65.0 (
interquartile range,
52.9–74.8) years, and 89.3% were White. In total, 234 patients had a symptomatic embolic event, a 30‐day cumulative incidence of 30.2%. In multivariable analysis, a highly mobile vegetation was the strongest predictor of embolism (
P
<0.001). Vegetation length with interaction of
IE
type was also associated with embolic risk (
P
<0.001), with a stronger effect in native valve
IE
(
P
interaction=0.001). Other associated factors included multiple vegetations, younger age, and
Staphylococcus aureus
. A nomogram that incorporated these factors was constructed to facilitate the prediction of embolic risk.

Conclusions
Highly mobile, larger vegetations are associated with embolic events. Embolic risk could be assessed by evaluating length as a continuous variable, alongside other echocardiographic findings, using a newly developed scoring tool; external validation is warranted.
Effects of Age and Sex on Systemic Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dushay Jody , Rickers Eva S. , Wang Enya , Gilman Jessica , Zhang Ying , Blankstein Ron , Gervino Ernest V. , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , Veves Aristidis 
Published: January 2025

Background
Systemic inflammation, aging, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) lead to varying degrees of cardiovascular dysfunction and impaired aerobic exercise capacity. This study evaluates the impact of inflammation and sex differences on coronary and peripheral vascular function and exercise capacity in older individuals with and without T2D.

Methods
Older individuals (aged≥65 years) underwent biochemical and tissue inflammatory phenotyping, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, and vascular reactivity testing. Correlation and regression analyses determined the effects of systemic inflammation, older age, and sex on cardiovascular health, stratified by T2D status.

Results

For the 133 recruited individuals (44% women; median age, 71±7 years, 41% with T2D), the presence of T2D most significantly increased the white blood cell count (
P
=0.004;
P
.adj.=0.140) among markers of systemic inflammation. White blood cell count was comparable in men and women. Hyperemic myocardial blood flow and flow‐mediated and flow‐independent nitroglycerin–induced brachial artery dilation were significantly impaired in men but not women with T2D. Peak oxygen consumption during exercise was lower with T2D (
P
=0.021), and overall reduced in women compared with men (
P
=0.002). Across all participants, both peak oxygen consumption during exercise and hyperemic myocardial blood flow were significantly impaired with increased white blood cell count. Women showed more adverse myocardial remodeling assessed by extracellular volume than men (
P
=0.008), independently of T2D status.

Conclusions
The pathophysiological manifestations of T2D on vascular function and aerobic exercise capacity are distinct in older men and women, and this may reflect underlying differences in vascular and myocardial aging in the presence of T2D.
On Walter Benjamin's “Thirteen Theses Against Snobs”
Authors: Hamacher Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article analyzes Walter Benjamin's “Thirteen Theses Against Snobs” (1925), a cryptic text that explores the relationship between artworks and documents. The analysis originates from conversations between the author and her father, literary scholar Werner Hamacher, during her undergraduate years following her visit to Documenta 11 in 2002. Through close reading and translation work, Hamacher examines Benjamin's complex binary oppositions between artworks and documents, revealing how these distinctions remain relevant to contemporary discussions about documentary practices, particularly in the age of AI and digital manipulation.
The article provides a detailed interpretation of each of Benjamin's thirteen theses, which are presented in both German and English. Hamacher argues that Benjamin's text positions itself between genres, combining thesis statements with narrative and poetic elements. The analysis reveals how Benjamin characterizes artworks as synthetic, meaning-focused creations that intensify through repeated viewing, while documents are portrayed as analytical tools dominated by subject matter that impact through surprise. The article demonstrates how Benjamin's framework continues to offer valuable insights into current debates about facticity, the politics of perception, and the evolution of documentary forms in contemporary art.
This interpretation serves both as a scholarly analysis and a personal document, as Hamacher chose to preserve her early-career reading of the text rather than revising it, making the article itself a testament to the complex relationship between document and artwork that Benjamin explores.
On Indiana: A Disorientation Guide
Authors: Gleisser Faye R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Where does the concept “at risk” come from and what does it do and for whom? This essay critiques the ways that discussion of artists and art workers labeled “at risk” tends to focus primarily on moments of extreme crisis, leaving under-studied the “slow violence” of colonial, anti-Black, and neoliberal funding, promotion, retention, and lawfare deployed by museums and universities, as well as the ways that “at-riskness” is marketed and romanticized in the arts. In response, Faye Gleisser, a curator and art historian based in Bloomington, Indiana, fashions a disorientation guide that questions the geographic imaginaries of risk, normalized “frontlines” of crisis, and risk management practices that maintain asymmetrical relations of vulnerability to state-sanctioned violence.
In so doing, this disorientation guide argues that the artworld is itself a riskocracy: a regulatory structure that privileges and prioritizes racialized, gendered, and classed notions of “responsible” risk as the mark of genius, value, and leadership, and criminalizes, dismisses, and undermines risk-taking deemed “irreverent” by those in positions of institutional power. One way to begin to study and thereby come to know and undo riskocracy is to recognize its structures and processes of governance. This practice requires pushing against prevalent narrations of risk knowledge and responsive aid that focus on valorizing individual acts of agency within comparative registers of imperial violence and censorship. Through the interlacing of the co-constitutive vulnerabilities experienced by artists and curators—Kelli Morgan, Samia Halaby, Javier Cardona Otero, Lauren Pacheco, and Rebecca Fasman—each with different ties to the central, southern, and northern parts of the state of Indiana, this guide puts pressure on legal and rights-oriented solutions to “at-riskness” and demonstrates how the dismantling of the riskocratic regime of contemporary art requires a collectivized reimagining of “at risk” logics of care.