bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Steam Piping to Care for Expansion
Authors: Shipman W. H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper endeavors (1) to arrive at the fundamental principles of design, (2) to present a complete mathematical theory of piping subjected to expansion, and (3) to reduce the very complicated results to a simple, usable basis.
The mathematical analysis of expansion stresses and reactions is presented for discussion as the basis of a proposed code of practice for the design of steam piping. The mathematical analysis is verified by experimental work, part of which has been previously published, and part of which is original. Further check by experiment is desirable, and the cooperation of other engineers is requested in building up an absolutely dependable body of data upon which a code of practice may be based.
Dredge-Pump Pressures and Thrust Loads
Authors: Polhemus James H. , Healy James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Port of Portland engineering staff, desiring to determine the actual thrust loads and pressures acting on the impeller of a dredge pump, carried on some tests which should be of interest to members of this society.
Pressure gages were installed at controlling points in both the front and back heads of the 2700-b.hp. 30-in. pump of the dredge Clackamas and a series of tests run to determine the effect of varying lengths of pipe line, impeller clearances, and impellers with and without relief holes in the back shroud.
The results of the tests showed clearly:
1 That relief holes in the back of the impeller materially reduced the thrust load and did not reduce the efficiency of the pump to any noticeable degree.
2 That renewable clearance rings and small vanes on the outside of the impeller shrouds are necessary to maintain close clearances and control the thrust loads.
3 While large clearances produce low thrusts, close clearances do not create a prohibitive thrust and are necessary to maintain a high pump efficiency.
4 That the pressures on the front and back shrouds are not the same and are considerably less than the pump discharge pressure.
5 That the whirlpool pressures are not as high as the discharge pressure of the pump, and that the pressures in the lower half of the pump casing are somewhat greater than those in the upper half.
6 That it is not necessary to carry the same pressure on the water service to the pump-shaft seal as is the discharge pressure of the dredge pump.
7 That as might be expected the thrust load increased with the total head.
8 That the thrust load is greater for any given condition when pumping material rather than water.
9 That the thrust loads are less for any given heads with the smaller high-speed pump impeller as compared with larger slow-speed impellers.
Permissible Suction Head of High-Speed Propeller Turbines
Authors: Pfau Arnold 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The paper discusses the general phenomena of pitting and cites the underlying causes. It explains the necessity for special caution in the selection of the setting of a high-speed propeller turbine. To fully realize these causes a new explanation is given of the flow conditions in a high-speed propeller, and it shows that these conditions add an item to the suction head which does not enter into the problem with reaction or action turbines. Particularly this paper emphasizes the wide variation in the characteristics of turbine runners that are termed the “propeller type” and directs attention to the difficulty that may be encountered from generalization based on the use of a single mathematical equation or expression.
Industry Specifies Its School Training Needs
Authors: Palmer Virgil M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a cooperative educational experiment being carried on by the industries of Rochester, N. Y., and the Rochester Mechanics Institute. It covers conditions leading to a survey by industry of its educational training needs, the appointment of a committee for this purpose, and the resulting detailed recommendations.
It was found that while educational requirements for major executives and for the great base of industrial common labor are now fairly well covered by educational institutions, there is an important intermediate field in which are the junior line and staff executives, which as yet has not been adequately covered.
Specifications expressed in terms of the qualities desired in the Institute’s graduates were formulated, together with detailed recommendations covering training method and course content which in the judgment of Rochester industries would best meet these specifications.
Industry’s obligation in training the cooperative student within the factory is acknowledged, and recommendations are outlined to make the Institute most effective in its service to Rochester industries and to lead to the closest possible cooperation.
Cleaning and Painting of Automobile Parts
Authors: Pfeil William 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Methods of handling parts for cleaning and painting by a conveyor system are described by the author. Advantage was taken of the consolidation of work at the South Bend plant of the Studebaker Corporation to install a modern materials-handling system. The advantages of this system are illustrated by following the various processes to which fenders and sheet-metal parts are subjected. By use of the improved layout production was increased 200 per cent.
Production Method Used in the Electrical Industry
Authors: Spray E. L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The principal field for use of conveyor systems in the electrical industry is in the manufacture of devices that are operated by electric current. In this paper the author describes production methods used in the plant of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company at Mansfield, Ohio. Sad irons, ranges, switches, waffle irons and toasters are now assembled on conveyors, and assembly costs have been reduced from 15 to 35 per cent. Results obtained include lower labor costs, reduced inventories, fewer rejects, less floor space, better processes, better machining, and a more uniform product.
Economic Aspects of the Shipment of Materials on Skid Platforms
Authors: Crockett C. B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents some of the economic aspects of the platform method viewed purely from the standpoint of the shipper or receiver of the material. The method is described both as to equipment and its uses, and to its relation to the manufacturing processes. A comparison is made between the total cost of physical distribution and the cost of freight transportation only, pointing out the small influence of the latter factor in the total cost. The field of savings is then discussed, including labor costs, speed of car loadings, the container or skid, and the damage to material. These are illustrated with actual instances which have occurred in various industries.
The paper concludes with a treatment of the possible growth of the system and the four main factors which may influence its more general adoption: namely, (1) the breadth of application to different commodities, (2) the coordination of the system with methods of handling within the plant, (3) the altitude of the railroads and other carriers, and (4) the degree of interchangeabilily developed in the equipment.
Skid Shipments
Authors: Wright Geo. B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The author discusses skid platforms, stock, skid boxes, power-lift and hand-lift trucks in the handling of cargoes in Great Lakes navigation. He points out that the greatest problem to be faced is the practicability of interchange between carriers, and between carriers and industrial plants. The solution, he believes, can only be arrived at through discussion between representatives of industries, steam railroads, electric lines, steamer lines, city transfer trucking companies, and storage warehouses.
Widia, Its Development and Shop Applications
Authors: Prosser Roger D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The history of the development of tungsten-carbide alloys is told, and the part that the Krupp Worlds has had in it is detailed. Instances are given where the use of Widia cutting tools has speeded up production, in one case the cutting speed having been increased from 190 ft. per min. to 592 ft. The regrinding of Widia tools is stated to be required less frequently than with high-speed tool steel, a case being given where the previous tool was dressed up after 25 parts had been produced, and when Widia tools were used there was a production of 100 parts before regrinding. Its use in machining soft but abrasive materials is compared with the use of the diamond.
The Evolution of the German Printing Trade
Authors: Helmberger Franz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An increase of 37 per cent in the number of employees indicates how rapidly the printing industry is growing in Germany. Banknotes and stock certificates are printed by letterpress, at a great gain in time and cost, and no forgeries have resulted through not using the more intricate intaglio or engraved process. German printers are putting standardization into effect, and a great cooperative research plan will be carried out.
Research Problems in Photo-Engraving
Authors: Wilkinson William J. , Schuetz Adolph 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The photo-engraver has difficulty in holding to a set of standards because of the many differing requirements of the publications for which the plates are made. The photo-engraving industry has made great progress through research. Photo-engraving is the basic principle of most of the newer methods of reproduction and will be carried on to even greater heights of perfection.
Effect on Research and Production of Present Material-Handling Methods
Authors: Hagemann George E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The expert describes how the introduction of material-handling methods has solved an unlimited number of problems. This equipment reduces the manual element in operations, and thereby saves time, reduces the supervision necessary with hand labor, and increases output. The major object of every production-research study is threefold—reduction of the human element, increased volume of product, and lower costs. Material-handling devices aid materially in accomplishing these objectives.
Drum Sander Manufacture and Use
Authors: Williams Richard A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper the author describes the essentials of some types of sanding machines and tells how various troubles are overcome. To turn out good work the drums of a sanding machine must be rigid and run true. The abrasive paper must be held securely and the drum must have dynamic balance. Direct motor drive is now considered as regular equipment for drum sanders. Advantages of the roll-feed sander and the endless-bed type are given.
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Various Wear Parameters on the Tribological Characteristics of AZ91 Hybrid Composites and Their Machine Learning Modeling
Authors: Ammisetti Dhanunjay Kumar , Kruthiventi S. S. Harish 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the current work, the AZ91 hybrid composites are fabricated through the utilization of the stir casting technique, incorporating aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and graphene (Gr) as reinforcing elements. Wear behavior of the AZ91/Gr/Al2O3 composites was examined with the pin-on-disc setup under dry conditions. In this study, the factors such as reinforcement percentage (R), load (L), velocity (V), and sliding distance (D) have been chosen to investigate their impact on the wear-rate (WR) and coefficient of friction (COF). This study utilizes a full factorial design to conduct experiments. The experimental data was critically analyzed to examine the impact of each wear parameter (i.e., R, L, V, and D) on the WR and COF of composites. The wear mechanisms at the extreme conditions of maximum and minimum wear rates are also investigated by utilizing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of specimen's surface. The SEM study revealed the presence of delamination, abrasion, oxidation, and adhesion mechanisms on the surface experiencing wear. Machine learning (ML) models, such as decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting regression (GBR), are employed to create a robust prediction model for predicting output responses based on input variables. The prediction model was trained and tested with 95% and 5% experimental data points, respectively. It was noticed that among all the models, the GBR model exhibited superior performance in predicting WR, with mean square error (MSE) = 0.0398, root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 0.1996, mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.1673, and R2 = 98.89, surpassing the accuracy of other models.
Investigations on Ways to Improve the Scuffing and Wear Behavior of Oil-Free Water-Based Lubricants for Gear Applications
Authors: Barth Yves Johannes , Sagraloff Nadine , Egger Gregor , Tobie Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Today, mineral or synthetic oils that are made out of fossil raw materials are the most common lubricants in gear drive applications. Most of them are nonbiodegradable and may pose a risk to the environment. An important step to minimize the risk and the ecological footprint is the use of biodegradable and eco-friendly lubricants. Former research shows the potential of water-based lubricants in gear applications. Therefore, an oil-free, water-based lubricant was developed for this study. The base lubricant contains plant-based thickeners to generate an appropriate viscosity for a sufficient lubricant film thickness in the tooth contact. In experimental investigations, the sliding wear and scuffing performance has been examined under variation of the added polymers and additives. The scuffing tests A/8.3/RT are performed according to DIN ISO 14635-1. The wear test procedure is based on DGMK 377-01. In both scuffing tests with the sample, the failure load stage = 8 was achieved. For case-carburized gears, a “medium” to “high” amount of wear can be detected. Additional tests with nitrided gears show a “low” amount of wear. This article aims to show the great potential of water-based oils for gear lubrication and suggests operating conditions for maximum wear and scuffing carrying capacity.
Uniform Homeostatic Stress Through Individualized Interval Training Facilitates Homogeneous Adaptations Across Rowers With Different Profiles
Authors: Luo Xiaohong , Zhang Dongwei , Yu Wenlu 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study compared the effects of individualizing supramaximal interval rowing interventions using anaerobic power reserve (APR [high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed according to individual APR (HIITAPR)]) and power associated with maximal oxygen uptake ( [HIIT prescribed based on the individual (HIITW)]) on the homogeneity of physiological and performance adaptations. Methods: Twenty-four well-trained rowers (age 24.8 [4.3] y, stature 182.5 [3] cm, body mass 86.1 [4.3]) were randomized into interventions consisting of 4 × 30-second intervals at 130%APR ( + 0.3 × maximal sprint power) with weekly progression by increasing the number of repetitions per set (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, from first to sixth session) and the same sets and repetitions with the intensity described as 130% . The work-to-recovery ratio was 1:1 for repetitions and 3 minutes between sets. Responses of aerobic fitness indices, power output, cardiac hemodynamics, locomotor abilities, and time-trial performance were examined. Results: Both HIITAPR and HIITW interventions significantly improved , lactate threshold, cardiac hemodynamics, and 2000-m performance, with no between-groups difference in changes over time. However, HIITAPR resulted in a lower interindividual variability in adaptations in and related physiological parameters, but this is not the case for athletic performance, which can depend on a multitude of factors beyond physiological parameters. Conclusions: Results demonstrated that expressing supramaximal interval intensity as a proportion of APR facilitates imposing the same degrees of homeostatic stress and leads to more homogeneous physiological adaptations in maximal variables when compared to prescribing a supramaximal HIIT intervention using . However, lower interindividual variability would be seen in submaximal variables if HIIT interventions were prescribed using .
Addressing Circadian Disruptions in Visually Impaired Paralympic Athletes
Authors: Anderson Travis , Adams William M. , Burns Geoffrey T. , Post Eric G. , Baumann Sally , Clark Emily , Cogan Karen , Finnoff Jonathan T. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Transmeridian travel is common for elite athletes participating in competitions and training. However, this travel can lead to circadian misalignment wherein the internal biological clock becomes desynchronized with the light–dark cycle of the new environment, resulting in performance decrement and potential negative health consequences. Existing literature extensively discusses recommendations for managing jet lag, predominantly emphasizing light-based interventions to synchronize the internal clock with the anticipated time at the destination. Nevertheless, visually impaired (VI) athletes may lack photoreceptiveness, diminishing or nullifying the effectiveness of this therapy. Consequently, this invited commentary explores alternative strategies for addressing jet lag in VI athletes. Conclusions: VI athletes with light perception but reduced visual acuity or visual fields may still benefit from light interventions in managing jet lag. However, VI athletes lacking a conscious perception of light should rely on gradual shifts in behavioral factors, such as meal timing and exercise, to facilitate the entrainment of circadian rhythms to the destination time. Furthermore, interventions like melatonin supplementation may prove useful during and after travel. In addition, it is recommended that athlete guides adopt phase-forward or phase-back approaches to synchronize with the athlete, aiding in jet-lag management and optimizing performance.
Status and prospects of the LHCb experiment
Authors: Owen Patrick , Serra Nicola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe discuss the status and prospects of the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment, one of the four large detectors based at the LHC. The physics programme of the experiment is discussed by highlighting the status of rare b-quark decays, charged current semileptonic decays and the searches for CP violation. These areas make a strong cases for a second upgrade of LHCb, which will fully harness the HL-LHC’s potential as a flavour physics machine while maintaining a rich and diverse research programme. The upgrade also provides an opportunity for the development of novel detector technologies during an exciting period of anticipation in preparation for the future circular collider currently foreseen.
GATA-3–dependent Gene Transcription is Impaired upon HDAC Inhibition
Authors: Geng Xiangrong , Wang Chenguang , Abdelrahman Suhaib , Perera Thilini , Saed Badeia , Hu Ying S. , Wolfe Ashley , Reneau John , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Many peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) subtypes are poorly responsive to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and associated with dismal outcomes. The zinc finger transcription factor GATA-3 and the transcriptional program it instigates are oncogenic and highly expressed in various T-cell neoplasms. Posttranslational acetylation regulates GATA-3 DNA binding and target gene expression. Given the widespread use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in relapsed/refractory CTCL, we sought to examine the extent to which these agents attenuate the transcriptional landscape in these lymphomas.

Experimental Design:
Integrated GATA-3 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses were performed in complementary cell line models and primary CTCL specimens treated with clinically available HDACi.

Results:
We observed that exposure to clinically available HDACi led to significant transcriptional reprogramming and increased GATA-3 acetylation. HDACi-dependent GATA-3 acetylation significantly impaired both its ability to bind DNA and transcriptionally regulate its target genes, thus leading to significant transcriptional reprogramming in HDACi-treated CTCL.

Conclusions:
Beyond shedding new light on the mechanism of action associated with HDACi in CTCL, these findings have significant implications for their use, both as single agents and in combination with other novel agents, in GATA-3–driven lymphoproliferative neoplasms.
Phase I Trial of First-line Bintrafusp Alfa in Patients with Locally Advanced or Persistent/Recurrent/Metastatic Cervical Cancer
Authors: Oaknin Ana , Ghamande Sharad A. , Kasamatsu Yuka , Gil-Martin Marta , Grau-Bejar Juan Francisco , Garcia-Duran Carmen , Sato Masashi , Siddiqui Abdul , Chaudhary Surendra Pal , Vugmeyster Yulia , Hasegawa Kosei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of TGFβ receptor II (a TGFβ “trap”) fused to a human IgG1 mAb blocking programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), was evaluated as treatment in patients with locally advanced or persistent, recurrent, or metastatic (P/R/M) cervical cancer.

Patients and Methods:
In this multicenter, open-label, phase Ib trial (NCT04551950), patients with P/R/M cervical cancer received bintrafusp alfa 2,400 mg once every 3 weeks plus cisplatin or carboplatin plus paclitaxel with (Cohort 1A; n = 8) or without (Cohort 1B; n = 9) bevacizumab; patients with locally advanced cervical cancer received bintrafusp alfa 2,400 mg every 3 weeks plus cisplatin plus radiation, followed by bintrafusp alfa monotherapy maintenance (Cohort 2; n = 8). The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included efficacy (including objective response rate) and pharmacokinetics.

Results:
At the data cutoff of April 27, 2022, patients in Cohorts 1A, 1B, and 2 had received bintrafusp alfa for a median duration of 37.9, 31.1, and 16.7 weeks, respectively. Two dose-limiting toxicities (grade 4 amylase elevation and grade 3 menorrhagia) unrelated to bintrafusp alfa were observed in Cohort 1B and none in other cohorts. Most treatment-emergent adverse events of special interest were grades 1–2 in severity, most commonly anemia (62.5%–77.8%) and bleeding events (62.5%–77.8%). Objective response rate was 75.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 34.9–96.8], 44.4% (95% CI, 13.7–78.8), and 62.5% (95% CI, 24.5–91.5) in Cohorts 1A, 1B, and 2, respectively.

Conclusions:
Bintrafusp alfa had manageable safety and demonstrated clinical activity, further supporting the investigation of TGFβ/PD-L1 inhibition in human papillomavirus–associated cancers, including cervical cancer.