bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver histology in patients with HBsAg negative anti‐HBc and anti‐HCV positive chronic hepatitis
Authors: Sagnelli Evangelista , Pasquale Giuseppe , Coppola Nicola , Marrocco Cecilia , Scarano Ferdinando , Imparato Michele , Sagnelli Caterina , Scolastico Carlo , Piccinino Felice 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe liver histology of 68 consecutive anti‐HCV/HCV‐RNA positive chronic hepatitis patients who were HBsAg/anti‐HBs negative, anti‐HBc positive (Case bC group) was compared with that of 68 anti‐HCV/HCV‐RNA positive chronic hepatitis patients who were HBsAg/anti‐HBc negative (control C group). The patients were pair‐matched by age (±5 years), sex, and risk factors for the acquisition of parenteral infection. Case bC group showed a significantly higher mean fibrosis score (2.3 ± 1.1) than control C group (1.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.001) and more histological evidence of cirrhosis (22% vs. 7.3%, P < 0.05). In addition, the patients in Case bC group showed more severe inflammation of the portal tracts (3.5 ± 0.8 vs. 3.0 ± 1.1, P < 0.005) and there was a higher prevalence of patients with rhomboid‐shaped hepatocytes (26.4% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.005), acidophilic bodies (33.8% vs. 1.4%, P < 0.0001), sinusoidal inflammation (29.4% vs. 10.3%, P < 0.01), lymphoid follicles in the portal tracts (72% vs. 44.1%, P < 0.05), Kupffer cell proliferation (29.4% vs. 11.8%, P < 0.05), bile duct damage (44.1% vs. 10.3%, P < 0.0001), and ductular proliferation (30.9% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.001) than in control C group. No difference in these histological features was observed between HBV‐DNA negative and positive patients in Case bC group. The data suggest that anti‐HBc positive patients with HCV chronic infection have a significantly higher degree of liver fibrosis, and that hepatocellular apoptosis, bile duct damage, and ductular proliferation correlate with the presence of this antibody in the serum. J. Med. Virol. 75:222–226, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant nucleoprotein‐based serological diagnosis of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infections
Authors: Saijo Masayuki , Tang Qing , Shimayi Bawudong , Han Lei , Zhang Yuzhen , Asiguma Muer , Tianshu Dong , Maeda Akihiko , Kurane Ichiro , Morikawa Shigeru 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP) was reported for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (CCHFV). The immunoglobulin M (IgM)‐capture ELISA was developed for the diagnosis of CCHFV infections, using CCHFV rNP as an antigen. These newly developed assays were applied to a study of a CCHF‐outbreak and evaluated with sera collected from patients diagnosed as having CCHF by positive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and by detection of IgG response. IgM antibodies to CCHFV were detected in 10 of the 13 patients. IgM antibodies to the rNP of CCHFV were detected by the CCHFV rNP‐based IgM‐capture ELISA in all 6 patients in whom IgG responses were demonstrated, while it was not detected in the 10 patients in whom IgG responses were not demonstrated. Furthermore, the IgM antibodies were detected in 6 of the 61 residents living a CCHF endemic area during the endemic season, while it was not detected in any of the 48 Japanese residents that had never visited the CCHF endemic area. It is concluded that this newly developed CCHFV rNP‐based IgM‐capture ELISA is a useful method for the diagnosis of CCHFV infections. J. Med. Virol. 75:295–299, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental norovirus infections in non‐human primates
Authors: Rockx B.H.G. , Bogers W.M.J.M. , Heeney J.L. , van Amerongen G. , Koopmans M.P.G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNoroviruses, with Norwalk virus as the prototype strain, are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in people of all ages. Limited information on the immunology of Norovirus infections has been obtained by studies both in the natural setting and in experimentally infected volunteers. Interpretation of these studies is difficult due to the lack of information on the history of Norovirus exposure and the cross‐reactivity of antibodies. An animal model for Norovirus infections would be important to study the immune response, e.g., for vaccine assessment. In the present study the susceptibility of common marmosets, cotton top tamarins, cynomolgus, and rhesus macaques to Norovirus infection was tested. Following oral inoculation, low level replication may have occurred in common marmosets and cotton top tamarins but not in cynomolgus macaques, based on short‐term viral shedding; neither clinical symptoms nor antibody responses were observed in these species. In contrast, rhesus macaques were found susceptible to Norwalk virus infection as one animal shed virus for a longer period of time and developed Norwalk virus specific IgM and IgG responses. Further research on Norovirus susceptibility in rhesus macaques may yield an animal model to study the immune response and pathogenesis after Norovirus infection. J. Med. Virol. 75:313–320, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced nasal IL‐10 and enhanced TNFα responses during rhinovirus and RSV‐induced upper respiratory tract infection in atopic and non‐atopic infants
Authors: van Benten I.J. , van Drunen C.M. , Koevoet J.L.M. , Koopman L.P. , Hop W.C.J. , Osterhaus A.D.M.E. , Neijens H.J. , Fokkens W.J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the most prevalent inducers of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in infants and may stimulate immune maturation. To estimate the amount of immune stimulation, nasal immune responses were examined during rhinovirus and RSV‐induced URTI in infants. Nasal brush samples were taken from infants (2–26 months; 57% atopic family) with rhinovirus‐induced URTI (N = 20), with RSV‐induced URTI (N = 7), and with rhinovirus‐induced rhinitis (N = 11), from children with asymptomatic rhinovirus infection (N = 7) and from eight non‐infected children. Numbers of nasal brush cells positive for Th1‐, Th2‐, regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines were measured by immunohistochemistry or by measuring protein levels using a cytometric bead array analysis. During rhinovirus and RSV‐induced URTI, fewer regulatory cytokine IL‐10 positive cells were found compared to non‐infected children. This fall was accompanied by an increase in levels of the Th1 cytokine TNFα. IL‐10 responses were inversely related to TNFα responses. No enhanced responses were observed for IFNγ, IL‐12 and IL‐18. Cytokine responses were comparable in children with rhinovirus‐induced URTI and in children with rhinitis, while responses in asymptomatic rhinovirus‐infected children were located between those for symptomatic and asymptomatic rhinovirus‐infected children. Cytokine responses did not depend on the age of the child or atopy in the family. In conclusion, reduced nasal IL‐10 responses during URTI in infants could facilitate the induction of a TNFα response. TNFα in turn could replace the immature production of IL‐12, IL‐18 and IFNγ during URTI to induce an effective clearance of the viral infection and which could stimulate the maturation of Th1 cytokine production in infancy. J. Med. Virol. 75:348–357, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood levels of TT virus following immune stimulation with influenza or hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: Maggi Fabrizio , Tempestini Elena , Lanini Letizia , Andreoli Elisabetta , Fornai Claudia , Giannecchini Simone , Vatteroni Marialinda , Pistello Mauro , Marchi Santino , Ciccorossi Pietro , Specter Steven , Bendinelli Mauro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTorque Teno virus (TTV) has been demonstrated to be present persistently in the blood of healthy individuals without evidence that it causes any disease process. The levels of TTV vary in patients co‐infected with other viruses and there has been considerable speculation as to whether TTV contributes to pathogenesis by other viruses or if the varying levels might be related to immune activation in the host. In the present study, the load of TTV was examined in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following immunization of subjects with either influenza (a recall antigen) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) (a new antigenic exposure). The results overall did not indicate a significant change in TTV titers over a 90 day observation period; however, when TTV genogroup was taken into consideration there was an increase in viral load in plasma at some time points for subjects persistently infected with genogroup 3. While this was observed in both influenza and HBV immunized subjects, the effect was more profound in HBV vaccination. Thus, it appears that exposure to a new antigen rather than a recall antigen may stimulate TTV replication more effectively. The data further suggest that investigating the interactions between TTV and its host might require to examine specifically each TTV genogroup separately in order to determine if certain TTV types have any role in disease pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 75:358–365, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attenuation of acute inflammatory response by atorvastatin after spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Pannu Ravinder , Barbosa Ernest , Singh Avtar K. , Singh Inderjit 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and complex clinical condition involving proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide toxicity that produces a predictable pattern of progressive injury entailing neuronal loss, axonal destruction, and demyelination at the site of impact. The involvement of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in exacerbation of SCI pathology is well documented. We have reported previously the antiinflammatory properties and immunomodulatory activities of statins (3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl [HMG]‐CoA reductase inhibitors) in the animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE). The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of atorvastatin (Lipitor; LP) treatment in attenuating SCI‐induced pathology. Immunohistochemical detection and real‐time PCR analysis showed increased expression of iNOS, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) after SCI. In addition, neuronal apoptosis was detected 24 hr after injury followed by a profound increase in ED1‐positive inflammatory infiltrates, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive reactive astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte apoptosis by 1 week after SCI relative to control. LP treatment attenuated the SCI‐induced iNOS, TNFα, and IL‐1β expression. LP also provided protection against SCI‐induced tissue necrosis, neuronal and oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, and reactive gliosis. Furthermore, rats treated with LP scored much higher on the locomotor rating scale after SCI (19.13 ± 0.53) than did untreated rats (9.04 ± 1.22). This study therefore reports the beneficial effect of atorvastatin for the treatment of SCI‐related pathology and disability. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial and temporal patterns of growth and differentiation of cone oil droplets in the chick retina
Authors: López Rosario , López‐Gallardo Meritxell , Busturia Ignacio , Anezary Lyazed , Prada Carmen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAvian cone photoreceptors have an oil droplet in the outer portion of their inner segment that acts as a long‐pass cut‐off filter between incident light and visual pigment. Chick cone droplets are mainly red, orange, yellow, green, and colorless, and the colors are due to three carotenoid pigments with characteristic absorption spectra. Little is known of the differentiation of this organelle, the natural marker of cones, and the little that is known is largely controversial. We used flat whole‐mounts of fresh retinas to study the time and place of the appearance of droplets, their growth rates, the sequence of droplet color differentiation, and the spatial distribution of these colors. We show that droplet differentiation starts on embryonic Day 10 (E10) in a relatively small area above the optic nerve head. The differentiation spreads to the rest of the retina in a manner similar to that of photoreceptor neurogenesis, with three decreasing gradients of droplet size and color between E13–E20: from central to peripheral, dorsal to ventral, and temporal to nasal. The rate of growth of the droplets was not constant, but showed a maximum between E17 and postnatal Day 1 (P1) in most of the retinal zones. Color differentiation started at E16–E17, 5–6 days after their appearance, when the droplets were already of considerable size. Initially, all droplets were colorless, and then turned pale green or yellow to acquire progressively the mature colors. Differentiation ended in the whole retina by P15, with ventral droplets of larger diameter than dorsal ones, the peripheral ones generally larger than the central ones, and with the color distribution varying with the retinal area. Our results show that growth and color differentiation of the droplets is regulated temporally and spatially, and the cones complete differentiation at P15 rather than at prenatal stages, as is thought generally. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rate coefficients for the gas‐phase reaction of isoprene with NO3 and NO2
Authors: Stabel Jeanette R. , Johnson Matthew S. , Langer Sarka 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRate coefficients for the gas‐phase reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals and with nitrogen dioxide were determined. A Teflon collapsible chamber with solid phase micro extraction (SPME) for sampling and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and a glass reactor with long‐path FTIR spectroscopy were used to study the NO3 radical reaction using the relative rate technique with trans‐2‐butene and 2‐buten‐1‐ol (crotyl alcohol) as reference compounds. The rate coefficients obtained are k(isoprene + NO3) = (5.3 ± 0.2) × 10−13 and k(isoprene + NO3) = (7.3 ± 0.9) × 10−13 for the reference compounds trans‐2‐butene and 2‐buten‐1‐ol, respectively.The NO2 reaction was studied using the glass reactor and FTIR spectroscopy under pseudo‐first‐order reaction conditions with both isoprene and NO2 in excess over the other reactant. The obtained rate coefficient was k(isoprene + NO2) = (1.15 ± 0.08) × 10−19. The apparent rate coefficient for the isoprene and NO2 reaction in air when NO2 decay was followed was (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10−19. The discrepancy is explained by the fast formation of peroxy nitrates. Nitro‐ and nitrito‐substituted isoprene and isoprene‐peroxynitrate were tentatively identified products from this reaction.All experiments were conducted at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure in nitrogen or synthetic air. All rate coefficients are in units of cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and the errors are three standard deviations from a linear least square analyses of the experimental data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 57–65, 2005
Direct measurements of the reaction OH + CH2O → HCO + H2O at high temperatures
Authors: Vasudevan Venkatesh , Davidson David F. , Hanson Ronald K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe reaction of hydroxyl [OH] radicals with formaldehyde [CH2O] was studied at temperatures ranging from 934 K to 1670 K behind reflected shock waves at an average total pressure of 1.6 atm. OH radicals were produced by shock‐heating tert‐butyl hydroperoxide [(CH3)3COOH], while 1,3,5‐trioxane [(CH2O)3] was used in the preshock mixtures to generate reproducible levels of CH2O. OH concentration time‐histories were inferred from laser absorption using the well‐characterized R1(5) line of the OH A‐X (0, 0) band near 306.7 nm. Detailed error analyses, taking into account both experimental and mechanism‐induced contributions, yielded uncertainty estimates of ±25% at 1595 K and ±15% at 1229 K for the rate of the reaction between CH2O and OH. These uncertainties are substantially lower than the factor of two uncertainty currently used for this reaction at high temperatures. The rate constants were fit with the recent low‐temperature measurements of Sivakumaran et al. (Phys Chem Chem Phys 2003,5,4821–4827) to the three‐parameter form shown below; this fit reconciles experimental data on the title reaction at low, intermediate, and high temperatures (200–1670 K).

equation image
The reaction of OH with CH2O was also studied using quantum chemical methods at the CCSD(T) level of theory using the 6‐311 ++ G(d,p) basis set. The transition state for the H‐atom metathesis reaction was located, and reaction rate coefficients were calculated. Reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements was obtained.The decomposition rate of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide to a tert‐butoxy radical and an OH radical was measured, and fit to the following form

equation image

Uncertainty limits for k5 were estimated to be ±25% in the 900–1000 K temperature range, a marked reduction from the factor of 2–3 uncertainty currently recommended for this reaction in the literature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 98–109, 2005
Whip–PIFA combination for handset application: A hybrid circuit model and full‐wave analysis
Authors: Li Zhan , Rahmat‐Samii Yahya 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a circuit model is developed in RF ADS in order to simulate the coupling effect of a retracted whip on a planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) for wireless‐handset application. The PIFA is designed as the main antenna of the handset to cover the 800‐MHz (824–894 MHz) and 1900‐MHz (1850–1990 MHz) bands. A parasitic whip antenna is used to improve the performance of the PIFA, especially when the handset is used against the human head. In such a whip–PIFA combination environment, the retracted whip will degrade the PIFA performance if it is not designed carefully. The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient method to optimize the PIFA performance when the whip antenna is in the retracted position. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 210–215, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20590
Temporal acceleration of time‐domain integral‐equation solvers for electromagnetic scattering from objects residing in lossy media
Authors: Jiang Pei‐Lin , Michielssen Eric 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe computational cost and memory requirements of classical marching‐on‐in‐time (MOT)‐based time‐domain integral‐equation (TDIE) solvers for analyzing scattering of electromagnetic waves from surfaces residing in lossy media scale asO(NN) andO(NNt), respectively; here,NsandNtare the number of spatial and temporal degrees of freedom of the surface currents. The quadratic dependency of these costs uponNsandNtprevents these methods from being applied to the analysis of large‐scale scattering phenomena. Here, an accelerator is proposed to improve the scaling of these TDIE solvers' computational complexity and memory requirements withNt. The accelerator casts temporal tails in convolutions of the lossy medium‐wave‐equation Green's function and TDIE solver temporal‐current basis functions in terms of a Prony series. This representation enables computation of the fields produced by surface currents within an MOT framework via recursive convolution. A technique that allows the reuse of Prony series poles for extended spatial interaction ranges, thereby greatly enhancing the scheme's efficacy, is proffered. The scheme's computational cost and memory requirements scale asO(NNtlogNt) andO(NlogNt), respectively, with fairly small multiplicative factors. Besides being useful in the analysis of scattering from electromagnetically small objects residing in lossy backgrounds, the proposed scheme also constitutes a key building block in the construction of improved lossy‐medium plane‐wave time‐domain algorithms with efficient near‐field evaluation capability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 223–230, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20595
8‐GHz bandwidth spatial‐sampling modules for ultra‐fast random‐signal analysis
Authors: Rolland Nathalie , Benlarbi‐Delaï Aziz , Ghis Anne , Rolland Paul‐Alain 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe design of a novel large bandwidth random‐signal analyzer with 20‐Gs/s sampling frequency and 60‐dB dynamic range is discussed. Using the principle of nonsimultaneous spatial sampling, its realization, led through several 0.18‐μm GaAs PHEMT MMIC, authorizes the microwave characterization of a first demonstrator, which allows a temporal analysis depth of 1.2 ns and a risetime as fast as 20 ps. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 292–295, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20614
1.8‐V 3.1–10.6‐GHz CMOS low‐noise amplifier for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Lu Yang , Yeo Kiat Seng , Ma Jian Guo , Do Manh Anh , Lu Zhenghao 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA novel CMOS low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for 3.1–10.6‐GHz ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications is presented in this paper. As opposed to most of the previously reported UWB LNAs, which are based on SiGe technology, the proposed UWB LNA is designed based on chartered semiconductor manufacturing (CSM) 0.18‐μm 1.8‐V standard RFCMOS technology. The prelayout and post‐layout circuit simulation results show that low noise figure, good input and output matching, a relatively flat gain in the 3.1–10.6‐GHz UWB band, and low power consumption features are all achieved in the proposed CMOS UWB LNA. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 299–302, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20616
Relationship between urinary symptoms reported in a postal questionnaire and urodynamic diagnosis
Authors: Matharu G. , Donaldson M.M.K. , McGrother C.W. , Matthews R.J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAimsTo describe the relationship between symptoms reported in a self‐completed postal questionnaire and urinary disorders based on urodynamic investigation.MethodsThe study population was selected from women aged 40 years or over living in the community, who responded to a postal questionnaire. Following assessment and appropriate conservative interventions, those with a pre‐defined level of severity of symptoms were offered urodynamic investigation. Logistic regression examined the association between urinary symptoms and the urodynamic diagnoses of detrusor overactivity (DO) and urodynamic stress incontinence (USI).ResultsFour hundred eighty‐eight women completed urodynamic investigation; 29.1% (142/488) were found to have DO, 33.6% (164/488) USI, 20.7% (101/488) mixed incontinence, and 16.6% (81/488) no urodynamic abnormality. Stress incontinence (SI) and urge incontinence (UI) were included in the risk model for USI. SI reported monthly or more was associated with increased risk of USI, and UI reported weekly or more with decreased risk (sensitivity 76.9%; specificity 56.3%; positive predictive value (PPV) 67.8%). For DO, strong or overwhelming urgency, UI monthly or more, and nocturia once a night or more were all significantly associated with an increased risk while reporting of SUI monthly or more reduced the risk (sensitivity 63.1%; specificity 65.1%; PPV 63.1%).ConclusionsUrinary symptoms reported in a postal questionnaire are able to predict urodynamic diagnoses with moderate accuracy. These models may be useful tools with which to categorize urinary disorders for epidemiological study and, with further development, allocate first line treatment. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.