bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diminished diversity-of-thought in a standard large language model
Authors: Park Peter S. , Schoenegger Philipp , Zhu Chongyang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe test whether large language models (LLMs) can be used to simulate human participants in social-science studies. To do this, we ran replications of 14 studies from the Many Labs 2 replication project with OpenAI’s text-davinci-003 model, colloquially known as GPT-3.5. Based on our pre-registered analyses, we find that among the eight studies we could analyse, our GPT sample replicated 37.5% of the original results and 37.5% of the Many Labs 2 results. However, we were unable to analyse the remaining six studies due to an unexpected phenomenon we call the “correct answer” effect. Different runs of GPT-3.5 answered nuanced questions probing political orientation, economic preference, judgement, and moral philosophy with zero or near-zero variation in responses: with the supposedly “correct answer.” In one exploratory follow-up study, we found that a “correct answer” was robust to changing the demographic details that precede the prompt. In another, we found that most but not all “correct answers” were robust to changing the order of answer choices. One of our most striking findings occurred in our replication of the Moral Foundations Theory survey results, where we found GPT-3.5 identifying as a political conservative in 99.6% of the cases, and as a liberal in 99.3% of the cases in the reverse-order condition. However, both self-reported ‘GPT conservatives’ and ‘GPT liberals’ showed right-leaning moral foundations. Our results cast doubts on the validity of using LLMs as a general replacement for human participants in the social sciences. Our results also raise concerns that a hypothetical AI-led future may be subject to a diminished diversity of thought.
Gnuastro: Visualizing the Full Dynamic Range in Color Images
Authors: Infante-Sainz Raúl , Akhlaghi Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Color plays a crucial role in the visualization, interpretation, and analysis of multi-wavelength astronomical images. However, generating color images that accurately represent the full dynamic range of astronomical sources is challenging. In response, Gnuastro v0.22 introduces the program astscript-color-faint-gray, which is extensively documented in the Gnuastro manual. It employs a nonlinear transformation to assign an 8-bit RGB (Red–Green–Blue) value to brighter pixels, while the fainter ones are shown in an inverse grayscale. This approach enables the simultaneous visualization of low surface brightness features within the same image. This research note is reproducible with Maneage, on the Git commit c206945.
The Abundance Pattern of The A2.5V Star HD 176687 (ζ Sagitarii A) In A Triple System
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The synthesis of high resolution high signal-to-noise ratio optical and IUE spectra of HD 176687 allows the determination of LTE abundances for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, silicon, strontium, yttrium and zirconium. Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and silicon are found to be depleted by a factor of 0.50. Aluminum is overabundant by a factor of 2.0. Strontium is solar, yttium is overabundant by a factor of 6, zirconium has an upper limit of 1 solar. The comparison of the FUV spectral energy distribution of HD 176687 to those of standard stars confirms that its effective temperature must be about 8800 ± 200 K, slightly larger than that of the A3 V standard, α PsA.
Spectroscopic and thermodynamic characterization of the interaction of a new synthesized antitumor drug candidate 2H4MBBH with human serum albumin
Authors: Abarova Silviya , Stoitchkova Katerina , Tzonev Svetlin , Argirova Maria , Yancheva Denitsa , Anastassova Neda , Tenchov Boris 
Published: January 2024

In the present work we studied the interactions of a newly synthesized drug candidate, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)hydrazine (2H4MBBH), with human serum albumin (HSA) by fluorescence spectroscopy.
2H4MBBH-HSA binding parameters were assessed by fluorescence quenching strategy. As made clear by the concentration data, 2H4MBBH unequivocally quenched the instrinsic HSA fluorescence. The calculated Stern-Volmer quenching constant Ksv, the Ka of 2H4MBBH-HSA complexes, as well as the thermodynamic parameters ∆H°, ∆S° and ∆G°, showed that the H-bonding forces play major part in the interaction of 2H4MBBH with HSA. These calculations point to a quenching component based on 2H4MBBH-HSA static complex formation rather than energetic collisions.
Le télétravail comme facteur de résilience ; quelques leçons de cette crise Covid
Authors: Fuhrer Chantal 
Published: January 2024

Notre objectif est de mieux comprendre le rôle du télétravail dans la résilience pendant la crise sanitaire liée à la covid 19. Dans la lignée des travaux sur les nouvelles pratiques numériques, cette recherche explore ce rôle dans une dynamique de résilience. C’est sous l’angle de l’engagement que nous porterons une attention particulière. Pour cela, nous analysons les résultats de cinq enquêtes en ligne réalisées entre mars 2020 et février 2021. Le corpus résulte de la compilation de cinq sources différentes : des rapports écrits en mars 2020, une enquête narrative en avril 2020, une enquête quantitative en mai 2020, une seconde enquête narrative en décembre 2020 et enfin trois groupes de discussion en février 2021. Ainsi, la transcription du discours de 1299 managers et spécialistes est étudiée selon les méthodes d’analyse de données textuelles. Nous discutons tout d’abord des liens entre le télétravail, l’optimisme et la résilience, puis nous analysons les formes d’engagement, avant d’en étudier la dynamique. Nos résultats indiquent que le rôle du télétravail diffère selon que la résilience est individuelle ou collective. Il diffère également dans le temps et selon le processus de résilience que nous suggérons de diviser en trois phases : résilience préventive (avant la catastrophe), résilience réactive (pendant la catastrophe) et résilience curative (après la catastrophe). Nous utilisons les résultats de l’étude sur la résilience pour discuter des implications pour le développement du télétravail en tant qu’outil et pratique numérique. Nos résultats mettent également en évidence certaines limites qui constituent autant de pistes de recherche futures.
Soignants en EHPAD : identification des stratégies de défense identitaire face au sale boulot
Authors: Guillot-Soulez Chloé , Roussillon Soyer Claude 
Published: January 2024

Cette recherche s’appuie sur la théorie de l’identité sociale et le concept de sale boulot pour étudier les stratégies de défense identitaire des soignants en établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD). Face à un travail dévalorisé, nous analysons les stratégies mobilisées par les soignants pour trouver ou redonner du sens à leur travail. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès de 65 soignants en EHPAD. Les données recueillies ont été soumises à une analyse lexicométrique à l’aide du logiciel Iramuteq. Six stratégies de défense identitaire sont identifiées : 1) défendre et recommander le métier, 2) souligner l’utilité et le sens du métier, 3) accepter l’image négative, 4) valoriser le métier en parlant des EHPAD comme de lieux de vie, 5) faire connaitre la richesse relationnelle du métier, 6) mettre en avant la difficulté à la fois physique et psychologique du métier. Ainsi, les soignants privilégient le recadrage et le recentrage comme stratégies de normalisation professionnelle. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre comment les soignants en EHPAD remédient à une perte de sens au travail. Pour une véritable revalorisation de ce métier, nous identifions des leviers d’action à un niveau organisationnel, mais aussi à un niveau sociétal.
Imagens da escravidão na colonização brasileira
Authors: Bertol Domingues Heloisa Maria , Romero Sá Magali 
Published: January 2024

En este artículo abordamos las imágenes de la esclavitud en Brasil en el período colonial y en los inicios del Imperio, analizando las representaciones realizadas por los artistas que acompañaron al gobierno de Mauricio de Nassau durante la ocupación del nordeste de Brasil por los holandeses, de 1637 a 1644, y el Brasil retratado por el artista de la Misión Francesa Jean-Baptiste Debret, entre 1816 y 1831. Estas imágenes se inscribieron en el imaginario común y han sido constantemente reeditadas, contribuyendo a establecer el etnocentrismo que se ha arraigado en la literatura científica y popular, produciendo huellas indelebles en el diseño de la identidad cultural del país.

[pt] Neste artigo discutimos as imagens da escravidão no Brasil no período colonial e no início do Império por meio da análise das representações feitas por artistas que acompanharam o governo de Maurício de Nassau durante a ocupação do Nordeste do Brasil pelos holandeses, de 1637 a 1644, e o Brasil retratado pelo artista da Missão Francesa Jean-Baptiste Debret, entre 1816 e 1831. Tais imagens foram inscritas no imaginário comum e têm sido constantemente reprisadas, contribuindo para firmar o etnocentrismo que se enraizou na literatura científica e popular, produzindo traços indeléveis no desenho da identidade cultural do país.
«Bleibe!» o «Verweile!»? Presència de Maragall en la romanística alemanya i les seves traduccions
Authors: Quintana Trias Lluís 
Published: January 2024

La romanistique allemande a très tôt entrepris la divulgation et la traduction de la littérature catalane ; E. Vogel fut le premier à traduire un poème de Maragall (1902), et R. Grossmann (1923) le premier à en présenter une étude approfondie. Dans les années 60 la catalanistique reprit son élan autour du professeur Coseriu à l’Université de Tübingen ; et nous trouvons dans les années 70 dans plusieurs universités allemandes des études sur Maragall et son époque (Tur, Hina). Parmi les traductions, nous comptons avec l’anthologie de Hösle-Pous en 1970. Le contraste entre quelques traductions d’un même passage du Cant Espiritual nous donne un aperçu des différentes perspectives de lecture.
The Greek Hospital St Sofronios: Benevolence and Community Building in the Cosmopolitan Milieu of late 19th‑and early 20th‑century Alexandria
Authors: Argiantopoulos Georgios 
Published: January 2024

The role of hospitals in promoting charity and philanthropy has not been fully documented in the existing historiography. Following the 1882 crisis in Egypt, Greeks in Alexandria founded a new hospital using British and Egyptian indemnities, loans and donor funds. By examining the operation of St Sofronios Hospital and its staff, this article historicises the development and position of the Greek community in late 19th and early 20th century Alexandria. It argues that the hospital, under the patronage of the Koinotita, consolidated the Greek community in British-controlled Alexandria and, through the institutionalisation of philanthropy, forged intra-communal philanthropic structures, coherence and social hierarchies. At the same time, St Sofronios was responsive to interethnic communication and cooperation.
Solidarités alternatives dans la colonie italienne d’Égypte (1860‑1914)
Authors: Paonessa Costantino 
Published: January 2024

Pendant la période comprise entre l’Unification de l’Italie (1861) et les années précédant la Première Guerre mondiale, des individus et des groupes italiens en Égypte, appartenant à différents courants laïques (patriotes du Risorgimento, francs‑maçons, socialistes, anarchistes) s’engagèrent dans des formes et des pratiques du bien alternatives à celles promues par les organismes et institutions de bienfaisance confessionnels. Il s’agit d’une histoire plurielle et hétérogène à laquelle ont participé – souvent de manière concurrente – différentes composantes de la colonie italienne d’Égypte. Dans cet article, l’associationisme laïque représente un point d’observation privilégié pour la reconstruction des articulations sociales et politiques internes à la colonie italienne et également des relations entre celle-ci et la métropole, dans un pays soumis à plusieurs formes de domination coloniale et régi par les Capitulations.
Sephardi Jewish Philanthropy in Cairo during the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Tam Alon 
Published: January 2024

Focusing on the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as on Cairo and its Sephardi Jewish community, this study offers a detailed organizational history of its philanthropic work. I argue that it was shaped by the need of that community to reorganize its communal structures and institutions, as a result of mass migration of Jews into Cairo. This entailed a move by the organized community to take control of philanthropic work, which hitherto was in private hands, with partial, but significant, success. It both mirrored, and responded to, a similar move by the Egyptian state to control social welfare in the country, without replacing non‑governmental, and especially non‑Muslim, communal philanthropic organizations. In this process, the Jewish upper‑ and middle‑classes rechanneled their efforts and funds into communally organized philanthropy, which they used in order to perform their social status, as well as to implement their modernizing agendas. These included a reconceptualization of poverty, from an individual problem solved by direct giving, to a social problem best dealt with by the community, based on the latest scientific knowledge in social work and healthcare. Managing philanthropy in this period also became internationalized, as Cairo’s Jewish community was able to use its international networks for its philanthropic needs and goals. At the same time, philanthropy also highlighted the Jewish community’s cooperation with local, non‑Jewish Egyptian, charities, and emphasized its rootedness in Egypt. In this regard, revamping communal philanthropy and building new communal institutions as late as the second half of the 1940s were not the actions of a community cognizant of its impending demise.
Sectarianism and Charity in Modern Egypt: The Coptic Case
Authors: Fallas Amy 
Published: January 2024

Dans cet entretien, les deux chercheures discutent de la manière dont l’étude historique de la charité permet d’apporter un nouvel éclairage sur la question des minorités religieuses, des groupes diasporiques et du confessionalisme dans l’Égypte contemporaine et, plus largement, au Moyen‑Orient. À travers le prisme de la philanthropie copte, A. Fallas examine le renouvellement de l’historiographie sur la charité, les approches récentes et les différentes sources qui ont été utilisées pour écrire l’histoire de la fabrique communautaire et des appartenances. En examinant la circulation des acteurs, des dons et des institutions caritatives à l’échelle trans‑impériale et transnationale, l’entretien aborde enfin la question des territoires de la charité et de la construction de solidarités transfrontalières.
Potential role of hippocampal neurogenesis in spinal cord injury induced post-trauma depression
Authors: Ma Ying , Qiao Yue , Gao Xiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It has been reported both in clinic and rodent models that beyond spinal cord injury directly induced symptoms, such as paralysis, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and loss of sexual function, there are a variety of secondary complications, including memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. The large-scale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that post-trauma depression is highly prevalent in spinal cord injury patients. Yet, few basic studies have been conducted to address the potential molecular mechanisms. One of possible factors underlying the depression is the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which may come from less physical activity, social isolation, chronic pain, and elevated neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. However, there is no clear consensus yet. In this review, we will first summarize the alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis post-spinal cord injury. Then, we will discuss possible mechanisms underlie this important spinal cord injury consequence. Finally, we will outline the potential therapeutic options aimed at enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis to ameliorate depression.
ADMIRE Study: Dapagliflozin and Metformin Fixed-dose Combination as Initial Choice of Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-world Study
Authors: Phadke Uday , Gopal Jayashree , Biswas Kaushik , Joshi Priyanka , Prasad Ashish , Birla Ashish 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with metformin has become one of the preferred therapies for the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we assessed prescribing patterns in T2DM patients who were initiated dapagliflozin and metformin (Dapa-Met) as initial choice fixed dose combination (FDC). We assessed the indications for choosing Dapa-Met FDC and changes in cardiometabolic parameters.

Methods:
In this retrospective analysis, we included T2DM patients with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) >7% who were initiated with Dapa-Met FDC as initial treatment. Data HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), weight, systolic blood pressure (BP), and diastolic BP were recorded after 6 months of Dapa-Met FDC.

Results:
In total, data from 485 T2DM patients (mean age: 59.7 ± 9.8 years) were included. The mean duration of diabetes was 6.9 ± 4.7 years. For Dapa-Met FDC, 10 mg and 500 mg were the most preferred strengths. Nearly, 78% of patients required additional antidiabetic drug. Sulphonylureas (50.7%) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4-inhibitors (36.7%) were the most common co-prescribed drugs. Besides glycemia control, Dapa-Met FDC was preferred for weight loss (77.1%) and reducing cardiovascular events and related hospitalizations (46.8%). After 6 months, changes in HbA1C (D - 2.19%, P < 0.0001), FPG (D - 21.4 mg/dL, P < 0.0001), and PPG (D - 37.1 mg/dL, P < 0.0001) were significant. Hypoglycemic events (16.7%) and genitourinary infections (8.9%) were the common adverse events.

Conclusion:
Dapa-Met (10/500 mg) as FDC is effective and safe in Indian patients with T2DM when used as an initial choice treatment for T2DM. Additional antidiabetic therapies may be necessary to achieve glycemic targets.
A Phase III open-label randomized study to compare the efficacy of lenalidomide–rituximab with bendamustine– rituximab in treatment-naïve follicular lymphoma
Authors: Paikaray Sushant Kumar , Gogia Ajay , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Atul , Biswas Ahit Agni , Vishnubhatla Sreeniwas , Mallick Soumya 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Bendamustine–rituximab (BR) is the preferred regimen for the treatment of naïve follicular lymphoma (FL). Recently, lenalidomide–rituximab (LR), a chemotherapy-free protocol, has shown a good response rate in advanced FL. These regimens have never been compared in a randomized controlled trial for treatment-naïve FL in Indian patients.

Materials and Methods:
This Phase III open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of BR and LR. Treatment-naïve patients older than 18 years of age, ECOG PS (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status) ≤2, who were diagnosed with FL (Stages II–IV) were included in this study. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive six cycles of BR (bendamustine 90 mg/m2 Days 1–2 and rituximab 375 mg/m2 Day 1) every 4 weeks or LR (lenalidomide 20 mg Days 1–21 and rituximab 375 mg/m2) every 4 weeks. The primary end point was complete response (CR) and secondary end points were overall response rate (ORR) and toxicity.

Result:
We enrolled 40 patients, 20 in each group with a median age of 53 years. The CR rate was 60% and 20% in BR and LR arms, respectively (P = 0.01); however, the ORR was 88.8% and 87.3% in BR and LR arms, respectively (P = 1.0). Anemia (35% versus 10%), skin rash (35% versus 30%), diarrhea (30% versus 10%), vomiting (20% versus 10%), nephrotoxicity (15% versus 0%), and transaminitis (10% versus 0%) were more in LR than in BR, and thrombocytopenia was higher in the BR than in the LR group but statistically not different. All grade toxicities were seen in 90% and 45% in LR and BR, respectively (P = 0.05), but there was no significant difference in Grade 3 or 4 toxicity between the BR and the LR regimens (20% versus 25%).

Conclusion:
The ORR was similar in both the arms; however, the CR rate was significantly higher in the BR arm. BR was better tolerated than LR.
(CTRI/2016/05/006904).
Bovine Lactoferrin and Current Antifungal Therapy Against Candida Albicans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stella Maureen M. , Soetedjo Robby , Tandarto Kevin , Arieselia Zita , Regina Regina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Candida albicans is an important causative organism of opportunistic fungal infection, and it is a growing medical concern due to the increasing usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressant agents, and other immunocompromising conditions. Currently, bLf and antifungal drugs have been known to have synergistic effects, increasing the drug’s efficacy. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the synergistic effect of bLf and antifungal drugs. This review addressed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We conducted literature searches to assess the association of lactoferrin and current antifungal therapy against Candida albicans in ProQuest, PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, SAGE, JSTOR, GARUDA, and Open Gray with no date restriction (until March 5th, 2021). We used Jeffry’s Amazing Statistical Program (JASP) to measure the overall size effect of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) between studies. A total of 7 studies retained were experimental in vitro studies. Based on the available data, 4 out of 7 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. This systematic review showed that bovine lactoferrin could help inhibit the development of azole-susceptible and azole-resistant C. albicans. Furthermore, there was synergistic activity between lactoferrin and various antifungals. Our meta-analysis showed that lactoferrin could significantly inhibit the C. albicans growth than the control group. Bovine lactoferrin and its peptide derivatives isolated from bovine milk can significantly inhibit the growth of C. albicans, both susceptible to azoles and those with azole resistance.