bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of myopia and parapapillary choroidal microvascular density in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Suwan Yanin , Chansangpetch Sunee , Fard Masoud Aghsaei , Pooprasert Pakinee , Chalardsakul Kamolwat , Threetong Thanatporn , Tipparut Siripa , Saaensupho Thiraporn , Tantraworasin Apichat , Hojati Sahar , Kafieh Raheleh , Danesh Hajar , Petpiroon Purit , Supakontanasan Wasu 
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims
To compare parapapillary choroidal microvascular (PPCMv) densities between myopic eyes with and without glaucoma.

Methods
In this retrospective study, OCTA images (4.5 × 4.5 mm) were obtained using a commercial spectral-domain OCTA system. PPCMv density was calculated in inner and outer annuli using customized software. Marginal model of generalized estimating equations was established to adjust for confounding factors and intraclass correlations.

Results
This study included 35 myopic eyes with glaucoma (MG), 96 non-myopic eyes with glaucoma (NMG) matched for visual field mean deviation, 37 myopic eyes without glaucoma (MNG), and 73 control eyes from three tertiary centers. The participant ages were (mean [standard deviation, SD]) 57.43 [11.49], 60.40 [10.07], 52.84 [9.35], and 54.74 [12.07] years. Inner and outer annular PPCMv densities (mean [SD]) decreased in the following order: control (0.15 [0.04] and 0.12 [0.04]), MNG (0.14 [0.08] and 0.12 [0.08]), NMG (0.09 [0.05] and 0.07 [0.04]), and MG (0.09 [0.04] and 0.07 [0.03]). The mean differences in PPCMv density between glaucoma groups (NMG and MG) and the control group (mean difference [95% confidence interval]) were −0.06 (−0.08 to −0.04, P < 0.001 for inner whole annular PPCMv density in NMG vs control) and −0.07 (−0.10 to −0.04, P < 0.001 for inner whole annular PPCMv density in MG vs control), consistent across all regions of interest (ROIs). No significant interaction was observed between glaucoma and myopia after adjustment for potential confounders (P > 0.112).

Conclusions
Parapapillary choroidal microvascular density attenuation tends to be greater in eyes with glaucoma than in eyes with myopia.
Maternal vitamin D status in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors in children from the Norwegian Environmental Biobank
Authors: Amberntsson Anna , Bärebring Linnea , Winkvist Anna , Lissner Lauren , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Erlund Iris , Papadopoulou Eleni , Augustin Hanna 
Published: February 2025

Background
Maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status has been associated with birth weight and childhood growth. Further, maternal 25OHD status may also influence cardiometabolic outcomes in childhood. This study investigated the association between maternal 25OHD concentration in pregnancy and markers of cardiometabolic risk in 7–12-year-old children.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Norwegian Environmental Biobank (NEB) including 244 mother-child pairs in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) participating in NEB part I and II. Childhood outcomes investigated were z-scores of anthropometrics, blood lipids and hormones. Associations between maternal 25OHD and individual cardiometabolic risk factors in children were assessed by linear regression, adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal education, child’s sex, age and BMI, and tested for interaction with pre-pregnancy BMI.

Results
Per 10 nmol/L increase in maternal 25OHD, childhood adiponectin z-score increased by 0.067 standard deviations (p = 0.039). There were no associations between maternal 25OHD concentration and any other cardiometabolic risk factor in childhood.

Conclusion
The results indicate that higher maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy may be related to higher childhood adiponectin z-score, but not with any other cardiometabolic risk marker. Whether adiponectin could be one pathway linking vitamin D to cardiometabolic health remains to be determined.
Dietary patterns and their associations with the occurrence and severity of early childhood caries among 1–5-year-olds in Iran: A multicenter cluster randomized survey
Authors: Javadzadeh Ehsan , Razeghi Samaneh , Shamshiri Ahmadreza , Mohebbi Simin Z. 
Published: February 2025

Aim
A health-promoting and tooth-friendly diet can reduce the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC) and promote overall health in children. This study aimed to identify dietary habits and feeding practices and their associations with ECC among 1–5-year-olds in Iran.

Methods
This analytical cross-sectional study utilized data from a survey conducted from August 1, 2020, to January 20, 2021. A three-stage stratified cluster sampling method was employed to recruit participants. Parents provided written informed consent in Persian before enrollment and were then interviewed via a valid and reliable questionnaire inquiring about background information, feeding practices, and dietary habits. Each child underwent a dental examination by one of four trained and calibrated dentists to assess dental plaque and ECC. After appropriate weightings were applied, associations between key covariates and outcome measures were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression modeling and multivariate generalized negative binomial regression modeling. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V25 and Stata V14.2 software.

Results
The mean age of the study population was 45.0 (±0.5) months, and 53% (±5%) had ECC. Visible dental plaque was present on the tooth surfaces of 39% ( ± 3%) of the toddlers and 66% ( ± 4%) of the preschoolers. The majority of the children had been breastfed for over 18 months (65%). Most children consumed sugar between meals once a day or less (66%) and fruits once (39%) or twice (37%) a day. ECC experience increased with age and poor oral hygiene across all age groups. Toddlers with a higher frequency of sugar intake between meals had higher dmft and ECC prevalence. The consumption of four to five servings of grain products per day was associated with a five-fold reduction in ECC occurrence (p = 0.047, OR = 0.2). In contrast, the consumption of two servings of fruits per day was associated with a doubling of the dmft score in toddlers (p = 0.015, IRR = 2.0).

Conclusions
This study identified possible dietary risk factors for ECC in Iranian children, such as increased sugar intake and fruit consumption, while balancing diet with grain consumption played a protective role. Considering the role of oral hygiene and the multifactorial nature of the disease may highlight a route toward developing future targeted and effective preventive strategies.
Accuracy of next-generation sequencing for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ling Yuyang , Shen Yanqin , Xu Xudong , Yu Guocan 
Published: February 2025

Background
Early, rapid and precise diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy is difficult. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used for the diagnosis of TB in some high-income countries. We completed the protocol of the study in order to better guide the systematic review and meta-analysis for evaluating the role of NGS in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy, which was the purpose of the current study.

Methods

We designed and drafted this protocol as per the Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Three English databases (Cochrane Library, Embase and Medline via PubMed) and two Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database) will be used to search for relevant studies. We followed the PICT principles to develop the eligibility criteria. Once the final compliant literature is identified, we will extract the valid information from the literature for statistical analysis. We will assess the quality of the included studies using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. When there are more than 4 eligible studies, we will use Stata (version 15.0; Stata Corp., College Station, TX, the USA) with midas module to conduct the relevant meta-analysis and plot the relevant forest plots and curves. When there are less than 4 eligible studies, we will use Meta-DiSc (version 1.4) to perform the associated meta-analysis and plot the associated forest plots and curves. We will use the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity between included studies. We will conduct meta-regression analysis, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis to explore possible sources of heterogeneity when significant heterogeneity exists.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42024568791
Efficacy of 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid with linaclotide versus senna for bowel preparation: A multicenter, endoscopist-blinded, randomized controlled trial (Apple trial)
Authors: Maeda Natsumi , Higashimori Akira , Kabata Daijiro , Yamamoto Ikki , Yanagida Tsuyoshi , Kin Daiyu , Matsumoto Yuji , Nakata Rieko , Hashimoto Atsushi , Sawada Akinari , Maruyama Hirotsugu , Okamoto Junichi , Katsuno Takayuki , Nadatani Yuji , Ominami Masaki , Fukunaga Shusei , Morimoto Kenichi , Hosomi Shuhei , Tanaka Fumio , Nakatani Masami , Taira Koichi , Sasaki Eiji , Fukuda Takashi , Ota Keiko , Yoshida Hisako , Watanabe Toshio , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:
No bowel preparation for colonoscopy achieves optimal efficacy and tolerability. Combining polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (PEG-Asc) with adjuvants has been explored to enhance cleansing efficacy and reduce the required volume. This study aimed to evaluate whether adding 0.5 mg linaclotide to 1-L PEG-Asc (1 L-PEG/AL) improves superior cleansing compared to adding 24 mg senna (1 L-PEG/AS), which we previously reported to be non-inferior to the standard regimen of 2 L PEG-Asc.

METHODS:
A multicenter, endoscopist-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted at five centers in Japan with outpatients scheduled for colonoscopy. The primary outcome was adequate bowel preparation (BP), evaluated using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Analyses were stratified based on low- and high-risk groups for inadequate BP.

RESULTS:
Between April 2022 and April 2023, 1,464 patients were randomized to the 1L-PEG/AL (n=733) or 1L-PEG/AS (n=731). The 1L-PEG/AL demonstrated higher adequate BP rates (92% vs. 86%, P=0.001) compared to 1L-PEG/AS. Both groups experienced similar adverse events and expressed high willingness for repeat BP (83% vs. 81%, P=0.49). In high-risk patients (n=892), 1L-PEG/AL had significantly higher adequate BP rates (94% vs. 86%, P<0.001), whereas rates were comparably high in low-risk patients (n=539) (94% vs. 94%, P=0.66).

CONCLUSIONS:
The linaclotide regimen was superior to the senna regimen in terms of BP efficacy without reducing tolerability. It can be a promising new option for BP, especially in patients at a high-risk of inadequate BP.
Patterns of HBV viremia change and HBsAg loss rate in patients without retreatment within 2 years after entecavir or tenofovir cessation
Authors: Chen Chien-Hung , Tai Wei-Chen , Hu Tsung-Hui , Wang Jing-Houng , Hung Chao-Hung , Lu Sheng-Nan 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
This study investigated the patterns of HBV viremia change and HBsAg loss rate without retreatment within 2 years after nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) cessation,

Methods:
We enrolled 481 patients who did not receive retreatment in the first 2 years after entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) cessation.

Results:
Group I was defined as persistent HBV DNA<2000 IU/mL and normal alanine transaminase (ALT)<40 U/mL (inactive phase); Group II and Group III, as HBV DNA>2000 IU/mL and ALT<40 U/L (Group II) or ALT 40‒80 IU/mL (Group III); Group IV), as HBV DNA>2000 IU/mL and ALT>80 U/mL (active phase). Of the 242 Group I patients, 205 (84.7%) remained in the same group and 22 (9.1%) transitioned to active phase beyond the first 2 years. Of the 239 Group II, III and IV patients, 33%, 28.8% and 31.1% patients transitioned to inactive phase beyond the first 2 years, respectively. Of the 239 patients who achieved HBsAg <150 versus ≧150 IU/mL at end of treatment, the transition to inactive phase and HBsAg loss rates at year 5 after NA cessation were 57.2% versus 16.1% (p<0.001) and 25.4% versus 4.7%, respectively (p =0.001). The 10-year HBsAg loss rate after NA cessation for patients in Group I who remained in inactive phase, and Groups II+III and Group IV patients who transitioned to inactive phase were 57.7%, 45.4% and 55.1% (p=0.404), respectively.

Conclusions:
Patients who remained or transitioned to the inactive phase had a high HBsAg loss rate without retreatment within 2 years after NA cessation.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DAS UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE COM SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA (SIG): APLICAÇÃO NA CIDADE DE MONTES CLAROS-MG
Authors: Neto Narciso Ferreira dos Santos , Guerra André Leite , Andrade Amanda Evellyn da Silva , Mendes João Batista , Caetano Júnia Maria Gonçalves , Santos Davi Souza 
Published: February 2025

Os problemas de localização de facilidades buscam a melhor forma de posicionar recursos em uma determinada região para atingir uma distribuição econômica e que atenda a demanda de forma ampla. O problema que será exposto neste estudo é o de localização das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) no município de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Uma distribuição eficaz das unidades de saúde proporcionará à população melhor nível de atendimento, possibilitando acesso com maior agilidade ao serviço. Assim, uns dos grandes objetivos desse problema é a busca de soluções da melhor localização a fim de reduzir os custos de transporte, minimizando a distância de deslocamento dos usuários dos serviços até um dos pontos de atendimento. A pesquisa tem por objetivo fazer uma análise espacial da acessibilidade das famílias à rede de unidades de saúde da família na cidade de Montes Claros por meio de dados gerados em sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) e aplicação de modelos matemáticos e computacionais de forma integrada para análise desses dados. Esse procedimento consiste em virtualizar o mapa da cidade de estudo, Montes Claros, por meio de uma base de dados geográficos fornecida pela prefeitura de Montes Claros no sistema de informação geográfica TransCAD. Essa virtualização permite visualizar de forma gráfica, ruas, pontos residenciais e ainda permite inserir valores relacionados a algum componente vetorial para análises estatísticas. A técnica utilizada neste trabalho foi a p-medianas que consiste em localizar em uma rede de instalações a partir da atribuição de uma matriz simétrica denominada de matriz de custo mínimo que contém a menor distância entre os pontos representantes dessa rede e uma matriz de alocação, o ponto cuja somatória total entre as distâncias dos pontos alocados a ele será a menor possível.
Natural Gas and hydrogen blending: a perspective on numerical modeling and CFD analysis for transient and steady-state scenarios
Authors: Sharma Sukriti , Sahir Asad H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The integration of hydrogen as an energy carrier into an existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure presents a promising option for the decarbonization of the energy sector. However, using hydrogen in natural gas pipelines requires overcoming engineering challenges attributed to physical property and design considerations for both natural gas and hydrogen which may result in pipeline failures. To this end, this study employs a multi-software engineering approach to model both steady-state and transient behaviors of natural gas pipelines blended with hydrogen under cyclic variations. For transient state modeling, the Crank-Nicolson implicit scheme is applied to a 100 km pipeline with 200 nodes, using a time interval of 20 s in MATLAB. The one dimensional flow modeling aspects are analyzed in more detail with the finite element method in COMSOL. The study also highlights the importance of pipeline inventory analysis, focusing on the trade-off between gas transport capacity and flexibility; particularly with respect to packing and drafting operations. The intrinsic properties of hydrogen blends (0–20 %) are analyzed using the GERG Equation of State (EoS) in ASPEN. Results indicate that the COMSOL model shows less stability than the Crank-Nicolson method for abrupt demand changes, with a percentage error of ±11 % compared to the benchmark study. Additionally, inventory analysis suggests that to prevent pipeline failure, the pipeline can only be drafted for 3.6 h. Steady-state analysis reveals that blending hydrogen into natural gas significantly impacts pipeline design, with changes in specific gravity, compressibility factor, and speed of sound. The study also finds that higher hydrogen blending reduces the pressure drop under isothermal conditions, resulting in lower compressor power requirements. This modeling approach provides a foundation for strategies aimed at adapting natural gas infrastructure for hydrogen use.
An improvement of level control of non-linear horizontal tank process using sliding mode controller
Authors: Elumalai Govinda Kumar , Ponnusamy Vijayakumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The performance of proportional plus integral (PI) and proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controllers are investigated, using a horizontal tank liquid level as the control object. Additionally, sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed and suggested for the level control of horizontal tank process. Also, the closed loop responses of PI, PID and SMC are analyzed in MATLAB and the response of the horizontal tank model are obtained in different set-point levels. This work presents a SMC approach that improves control accuracy, set-point tracking and robustness in level control of horizontal tank process, where traditional and existing PID controllers are less effective. These results demonstrate that the designed SMC controller markedly reduces settling time and also completely eliminate the peak overshoot compared with responses of PI and PID controllers, and similarly minimizes the values of integral of absolute error (IAE) and integral of squared error (ISE). These findings underscore that SMC provides superior performance compared to PI and PID controllers. Furthermore, SMC offers an improved closed loop performance of level control of non-linear horizontal tank process. It also provides more efficient and stable system responses.
A hierarchical approach to modeling golf hole scores with Hardy distributions
Authors: Hardt Marie , Nettleton Dan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Hardy distribution, derived by van der Ven (2012. The Hardy distribution for golf hole scores. Math. Gaz. 96: 428–438) and named after an idea by Hardy (1945. A mathematical theorem about golf. Math. Gaz. 29: 226–227), is a discrete probability distribution for modeling golf hole scores. According to the Hardy distribution, a golfer’s score on a hole is determined by the par of the hole, the golfer’s probability of hitting a good shot, and the golfer’s probability of hitting a bad shot. To fit a Hardy distribution to golf scores on a hole, an analyst needs only the scores and a value for the par of the hole. We present four different hierarchical modeling strategies to jointly model the scores of multiple golfers on multiple holes during one golf tournament round using Hardy distributions. We then apply our new modeling strategies to golf hole scores from two very different golfer populations: male professional golfers on the PGA Tour and female high school golfers from the state of Iowa, USA. Probabilities of good and bad shots vary across holes for both the male professional golfers on the PGA Tour and the female high school golfers. We find little variation among the male professional golfers but substantial variation among the female high school golfers.
Effect of austempering on wear resistance of GGG50 nodular cast iron
Authors: Yilmaz Serdar Osman , Teker Tanju , Mandacı İsmail 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this research, nodular cast iron (GGG50) with 0.2 wt.% Cr and 0.8 wt.% Mo was subjected to austenization at 900, and 950 °C for 45 min, and 1 h. Then, austempering was performed at 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 °C for periods of 30–720 min. The microstructure of the austempered samples at varying temperatures was defined using an optical and scanning electron microscope. Phases and compounds were analyzed through X-ray diffraction. Hardness tests were conducted on the samples. Wear performances were assessed using a pin-on-disc wear apparatus. The friction coefficients of the materials were detected. The worn surfaces of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microstructure of the casting was comprised of ferrite and pearlite. In contrast, the annealed sample contained a blend of acicular ferrite and carbon-enriched annealed iron, referred to as “ausferrite.” As the austempering temperature increased, the structure became coarser and the hardness values declined. As the annealing temperature increased, wear resistance was observed to decrease. The coefficient of friction diminished as the austempering temperature raised.
Impacts of working memory, L2 proficiency, and cognitive flexibility on cross-domain structural priming
Authors: Lei Wenrong , Wang Baochang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent psycholinguistic research has demonstrated that structural priming can occur not only within linguistic cognition but also across different cognitive domains. However, the factors influencing cross-domain priming remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the roles of working memory, L2 proficiency, and cognitive flexibility in the priming from mathematical processing to L2 comprehension. Sixty-three Chinese college students learning English were recruited as participants. Simple mathematical expressions were presented as primes, and English sentences with relative clauses served as the targets. The participants were categorized based on their working memory, L2 proficiency, and cognitive flexibility. They processed mathematical expressions followed by an English sentence comprehension task to examine whether the processing of mathematical expressions influenced their comprehension of English relative clauses, which shared structural similarities with the mathematical expressions. The results revealed that (1) a priming effect existed from mathematical expressions to L2 sentence comprehension and (2) working memory, L2 proficiency, and cognitive flexibility significantly impacted the priming effect. These findings suggest that cross-domain structural priming is constrained by cognitive factors such as working memory, L2 proficiency and cognitive flexibility.