bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoamine oxidases and alcoholism. I. Studies in unrelated alcoholics and normal controls
Authors: Parsian A. , Suarez B. K. , Tabakoff B. , Hoffman P. , Ovchinnikova L. , Fisher L. , Cloninger C. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLow platelet MAO activity has been associated with alcoholism. In order to evaluate the role of MAO genes in susceptibility to alcoholism, we have taken a biochemical and molecular genetic approach. The sample consisted of 133 alcoholic probands who were classified by subtypes of alcoholism and 92 normal controls. For those subjects typed for platelet MAO activity, alcoholics (N = 74) were found not to differ from the non‐alcoholics controls (N = 34). Neither was there a significant difference between type I and type II alcoholics or between either subtype and normal controls. However, we do find significant differences between male and female alcoholics, but not between male and female controls. The allele frequency distribution for the MAO‐A and MAO‐B dinucleotide repeats is different between the alcoholic sample (N = 133) and the normal control sample (N = 92). In a two‐way analysis of variance of MAO‐B activity as a function of the allelic variation of each marker locus and diagnosis, there is no evidence for mean differences in activity levels for the different alleles. Our findings do not rule out a role for the MAO‐B gene in controlling the enzyme activity because the dinucleotide repeats are located in introns. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of association between manic‐depressive illness and a highly polymorphic marker from GABRA3 gene
Authors: Puertollano Rosa , Visedo Gillermo , Saiz‐Ruiz Jerónimo , Llinares Consuelo , Fernández‐Piqueras José 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have carried out an association study between a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in GABRA3 gene and manic‐depressive illness in a Spanish population. This may be an important candidate gene for bipolar affective disorders since it is located in the Xq28 region, previously implicated in linkage studies. In addition, severe GABergic alterations have been reported in patients. We have not found significant differences between controls and patients in allele frequencies or genotypes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family patterns of developmental dyslexia, part II: Behavioral phenotypes
Authors: Wolff Peter H. , Melngailis Ilze , Obregon Mateo , Bedrosian Martha 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe motor control of bimanual coordination and motor speech was compared between first degree relatives from families with at least 2 dyslexic family members, and families where probands were the only affected family members. Half of affected relatives had motor coordination deficits; and they came from families in which probands also showed impaired motor coordination. By contrast, affected relatives without motor deficits came from dyslexia families where probands did not have motor deficits. Motor coordination deficits were more common and more severe among affected offspring in families where both parents were affected than among affected offspring in families where only one parent was affected. However, motor coordination deficits were also more common and more severe in affected parents when both parents were affected than among affected parents in families where only one parent was affected.We conclude that impaired temporal resolution in motor action identifies a behavioral phenotype in some subtypes of developmental dyslexia. The observed pattern of transmission for motor deficits and reading impairment in about half of dyslexia families was most congruent with a genetic model of dyslexia in which 2 codominant major genes cosegregate in dyslexia pedigrees where the proband is also motorically impaired. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Failure to find a chromosome 18 pericentric linkage in families with schizophrenia
Authors: DeLisi Lynn E. , Lofthouse Ray , Lehner Thomas , Morganti Carla , Vita Antonio , Shields Gail , Bass Nicholas , Ott Jurg , Crow Timothy J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA recent report of a possible linkage of bipolar affective disorder to a pericentric region of chromosome 18 initiated the present investigation to search for a similar linkage in 32 families with schizophrenia. The results of a study using 5 markers mapped to this region show negative lod scores and only weak evidence for any linkage by nonparametric analyses. If the previously reported finding is a true positive linkage for bipolar disorder, then either it is unlikely to be related to the genetics of schizophrenia, or the proportion of families linked to this region is small. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurodevelopmental profile of infants and toddlers with oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum and the correlation of prognosis with physical findings
Authors: Cohen M. S. , Samango‐Sprouse C. A. , Stern H. J. , Custer D. A. , Vaught D. R. , Saal H. M. , Tifft C. J. , Rosenbaum K. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe studied the neurodevelopmental profile of infants and toddlers with oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (OAV) and determined if certain physical manifestations were indicative of a poor neurodevelopmental prognosis. Twenty‐four patients with OAV, aged birth to 57 months, were seen in the Department of Medical Genetics at Children's National Medical Center for multidisciplinary evaluations, including neurodevelopmental assessments.Fifty‐eight percent of these children scored more than 2 standard deviations below the mean in at least one domain of development. There was no difference in developmental outcome of boys versus girls, children affected unilaterally on the right side versus left side, and those with severe clinical manifestations versus those with a milder form. Children with OAV and abnormal muscle tone had lower cognitive, gross motor, and expressive language scores (P = 0.05, P = 0.002, and P = 0.02, respectively). Those affected bilaterally had lower cognitive, fine motor, receptive language, and expressive language scores (P = 0.06, P = 0.03, P = 0.03, P = 0.02, respectively). Children with cervical spine abnormalities had lower cognitive, fine motor, and expressive language scores (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, and P = 0.04, respectively).We conclude that infants and toddlers with OAV are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental delay, especially those with abnormal muscle tone, bilateral involvement, and cervical vertebral anomalies. The complexity of the neurodevelopmental problems is strongly suggestive of central nervous system disturbances. Patients with OAV need comprehensive evaluation by a multi‐disciplinary team to define potential neurodevelopmental delays, allow for early intervention services, and promote an optimal developmental outcome. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) and infantile autism: Absence of previously reported point mutation
Authors: Fon Edward A. , Sarrazin Julie , Meunier Catherine , Alarcia Julio , Shevell Michael I. , Philippe Anne , Leboyer Marion , Rouleau Guy A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAutism is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome of unknown etiology. There is evidence that a deficiency in the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), essential for de novo purine biosynthesis, could be involved in the pathogenesis of certain cases. A point mutation in the ADSL gene, resulting in a predicted serine‐to‐proline substitution and conferring structural instability to the mutant enzyme, has been reported previously in 3 affected siblings. In order to determine the prevalence of the mutation, we PCR‐amplified the exon spanning the site of this mutation from the genomic DNA of patients fulfilling DSM‐III‐R criteria for autistic disorder. None of the 119 patients tested were found to have this mutation. Furthermore, on preliminary screening using single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), no novel mutations were detected in the coding sequence of four ADSL exons, spanning approximately 50% of the cDNA. In light of these findings, it appears that mutations in the ADSL gene represent a distinctly uncommon cause of autism. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of linkage of apparently single gene mediated ADHD with the human syntenic region of the mouse mutantColoboma
Authors: Hess Ellen J. , Rogan Peter K. , Domoto Mark , Tinker Dorris E. , Ladda Roger L. , Ramer Jeanette C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAttention deficit disorder (ADHD) is a complex biobehavioral phenotype which affects up to 8% of the general population and often impairs social, academic, and job performance. Its origins are heterogeneous, but a significant genetic component is suggested by family and twin studies. The murine strain,coloboma, displays a spontaneously hyperactive phenotype that is responsive to dextroamphetamine and has been proposed as a genetic model for ADHD.Colobomais a semi‐dominant mutation that is caused by a hemizygous deletion of the SNAP‐25 and other genes on mouse chromosome 2q. To test the possibility that the human homolog of the mouse coloboma gene(s) could be responsible for ADHD, we have carried out linkage studies with polymorphic markers in the region syntenic to coloboma (20p11–p12). Five families in which the pattern of inheritance of ADHD appears to be autosomal dominant were studied. Segregation analysis of the traits studied suggested that the best fitting model was a sex‐influenced, single gene, Mendelian pattern. Several genetic models were evaluated based on estimates of penetrance, phenocopy rate, and allele frequency derived from our patient population and those of other investigators. No significant linkage was detected between the disease locus and markers spanning this chromosome 20 interval. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orgasm in female primates
Authors: Allen M. L. , Lemmon W. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe major genital responses of arousal in women are vasocongestion, resulting in tumescence of the vaginal walls, and vaginal lubrication, facilitating penile intromission and thrusting. During orgasm, several involuntary muscular reactions occur, the most adaptive being in the outer third of the vagina and the uterus. Uterine suction of the ejaculate seems to occur when the reproductive apparatus is functioning at full efficiency. Coitus may result in reflex ovulation. Indices of female nonhuman primate orgasm thus far proposed include rhythmic vaginal and anal contractions, hyperventilation, involuntary muscle tension, arm and leg spasms, grimacing, and uterine contractions. Orgasm in our species may exist as a result of phylogenetic inertia, not as a novel response selected during protohominid or hominid evolution. A theory for the evolutionary nature of orgasm in women states that the orgasmic vaginal contractions stimulate ejaculation. Reasons for the common asynchrony of this adaptive pattern are the usually lowered ejaculatory threshold because of non‐species‐typical orgasmic frequency in the male, and the frequently delayed female orgasm because of psychological inhibition and/or inadequate control and development of the pubococcygeus.
Abnormal behaviors in nursery‐reared squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)
Authors: Roy M. Aaron 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeventeen squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), 11 nursery‐reared and six mother‐reared, were monitored to clarify the type and degree of deviant behaviors that result from rearing this species in the nursery. Two observation periods were used: the first when the subjects averaged 6.7 months of age, the second when they averaged 15.5 months. Thirteen activities involving variations of nonnutritive orality, stereotypic posturing, and agitated behaviors were seen in the nursery‐reared subjects, but never in the mother‐reared subjects. No consistent gender, subspecies, or age differences were evident. Squirrel monkeys, like chimpanzees and some Old World monkeys, do develop atypical self‐directed behaviors when deprived of normal stimulation during early development.
Primate phonation: Anterior cingulate lesion effects on response rate and acoustical structure
Authors: Trachy Ronald E. , Sutton Dwight , Lindeman Roger C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFour juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that were conditioned to emit a discriminative vocal response underwent unilateral and bilateral lesions of anterior cingulate gyrus in stepwise sequence. Pre‐ and post‐lesion measures of vocal response rate and acoustical features (call duration, amplitude, and fundamental frequency) were obtained for the conditioned task and for vocalization in the home colony (spontaneous vocalization). Unilateral lesions produced little consistent change in spontaneous “coo” vocalization rate and call duration. Conditioned vocalization of the monkeys exhibited no significant change in rate at this stage, although call duration was reduced significantly. Bilateral lesions produced no further modifications in acoustic properties of spontaneous calls, while the vocal rate decreased slightly. Conditioned calls were not significantly altered in acoustic features at this stage, although the discriminative vocalization rate was significantly decreased for all monkeys. The results indicate limited control over vocal motor systems by anterior cingulate cortex, while suggesting that this region participates in initiation of voluntary phonation.
The association between rank and reproductive success of male rhesus monkeys
Authors: Smith David Glenn 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe paternity of 202 of 220 offspring of rhesus monkeys housed in six separate half‐acre field cages at the California Primate Research Center was determined by genetic marker techniques. Reproductive success of the adult males was statistically significantly correlated (r = 0.76, P <0.0005) with rank. Marked systematic changes in reproductive success were, however, observed for two adult males during the three years covered by this study. Based upon these results and those of another study, it is argued that changes in rank position typically follow, rather than precede, changes in reproductive success.
The interrelationship between sex skin swelling and the urinary excretion of LH, estrone, and pregnanediol by the cycling female chimpanzee
Authors: McArthur J. W. , Beitins I. Z. , Gorman A. , Collins D. C. , Preedy J. R. K. , Graham C. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe interrelationship between sex skin swelling and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone and sex steroids was investigated during ovulatory menstrual cycles in adult female chimpanzees. Estrone was excreted in two peaks, one during the preovulatory and the other during the midluteal phase. Maximum swelling of the sex skin was attained several days before the preovulatory estrone peak. The LH surge preceded or accompanied beginning detumescence of the sex skin which, in turn, was closely correlated with a rising excretion of pregnanediol. Urinary measurements provide integrated estimates of the concentration of fluctuating hormones and, in addition, are safer and easier to make than blood measurements in this species.
Physical maturation and age estimates of yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalus, in Amboseli National Park, Kenya
Authors: Altmann Jeanne , Altmann Stuart , Hausfater Glenn 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a longitudinal study of individually identified wild baboons in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, we collected data on physical development and reproductive maturation. Confirming and extending our earlier results, we demonstrated that the ratio of ages at which developmental milestones occur in the field as compared to those under extensive provisioning or in captivity were approximately 5:3. The age range for some developmental milestones was quite narrow and discrete, while for others there was considerable between‐individual variability and more gradual changes. For infants, only the change from pink to gray of the paracallosal skin occurred within a brief age span. For older animals two important developmental events are readily identified and occur within a fairly narrow age range: Rapid enlargement of testes at 5 to 6 years for males and onset of menarche at 4 to 5 ½ years for females. In the present report, we considered some consequences of accelerated or delayed maturation. We further explored the need to employ different age‐class criteria for different research problems.
Effects of rearing on aggression and subordination in papio monkeys
Authors: Coelho Anthony M. , Bramblett Claud A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess the effects of short‐term maternal deprivation (birth to 12 weeks) followed by peer group rearing on the development of aggressive and subordinate behaviors in papio monkeys (superspecies – Papio cynocephalus). Nursery reared monkeys (34 males and 30 females) were compared with mother‐peer reared monkeys (11 males and 12 females) in late infancy (6 to 12 months of age) and at the end of their juvenile stage (36 to 42 months of age) in social groups composed of 75% nursery reared subjects and 25% mother reared subjects. Focal animal data were analyzed with a repeated measure ANOVA model. In general, the nursery reared infants tended to be less aggressive than mother‐peer reared infants and performed less dominance behaviors, such as displace. Significant sex differences were present in the performance of aggressive (♂ > ♀) and subordinate (♂ > ♀) behaviors. Significant age differences were observed, with infants having consistently higher rates of performance.
Diurnal variations in serum testosterone concentrations of captive adult male chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)
Authors: Bielert C. , Howard‐Tripp M. E. , van der Walt L. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCaptive adult male chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) housed with natural lighting exposure and blood sampled at 3‐hr intervals showed significant diurnal variations in serum testosterone concentrations. Low mean concentrations were found at 0800 hr approximately 1 hr after sunrise and mean concentrations were their highest at 2000 hr approximately 1 ¼ hr after sunset.
A description of the upper thoracic autonomic nervous system in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Billman George E. , Dickey D. Thomas , Stone H. Lowell 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the autonomic innervation of the carotid sinus and heart in the rhesus monkey. Nine male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and one male crab‐eating macaque (M. fascicularis) were carefully dissected from the origin of the vagus nerves and superior cervical ganglia to the level of the fourth thoracic ganglion. The specimens were either freshly killed or obtained no later than 24 hours post mortem. The macaque monkeys were found to possess an innervation pattern that displayed features common to dog (connections between the vagus nerves and middle cervical ganglia), baboon (distinct cervical sympathetic and cervical vagal nerve trunks), and man (nerves projecting from the middle cervical and stellate ganglia to the heart). Distinct inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglia were never seen, but rather, large and well defined stellate ganglia were found. The macaque innervation pattern, when considered as a whole, most closely resembled the baboon.
Spontaneous malignomas in Tupaia (tree shrew)
Authors: Darai G. , Zöller L. , Hofmann W. , Möller P. , Schwaier A. , Flügel R. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNine spontaneous malignomas of the tree shrew were detected and analysed during an observation period of nine years. The tumours were histopathologically examined and classified. All malignomas developed in imported Tupaia only. From the tumour cells of two different animals new Tupaia herpesviruses were isolated. This is the first. report on spontaneous malignomas of Tupaia in captivity.
A statistical analysis of the social behavior of the male stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides)
Authors: Adams David H. , Schoel W. Michael 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe social behavior of male stumptail macaques was analyzed in terms of behavioral sequences recorded during paired encounters in a large test cage. Recurrent patterns of behavioral sequences were sought and used to hypothesize the structure of motivational systems of social behavior as has been done previously for other species. In addition to traditional statistical analyses to determine which dyadic behavioral sequences were nonrandom, there were several methodological innovations. Instead of analyzing behavior as a single channel of communications, we analyzed three independent channels and considered their inter‐correlations: 1) acts and postures; 2) vocalizations; and 3) facial expressions. Also, we analyzed not only within‐animal behavioral sequences but between‐animal sequences as well. Results were derived from 40 tests, most of which included vigorous agonistic and sexual interactions and a behavioral repertoire similar to that of adult male stumptail macaques observed by previous investigators. There were 30 acts and postures, eight facial expressions, and seven vocalizations that occurred more than five times. Many acts and postures occurred in nonrandom sequences, 43 such sequences within‐animal and 40 between‐animal. From these sequences and their correlations with specific vocalizations and facial expressions, it was possible to differentiate six categories of social behavior that may correspond to six different motivational systems: offense, defense, submission, groom and contact, male sexual behavior, and display. Both the frequency of behaviors in each category and the nature of the behavioral sequences were affected by the relative dominance of the two animals.
Validation of radioimmunoassays for LH and FSH in the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys): Characterization of LH and the response to GnRH
Authors: Mann David R. , Blank Michael S. , Gould Kenneth G. , Collins Delwood C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHeterologous radioimmunoassays (RIA) for macaque LH and FSH were validated for the measurement of these hormones in the sooty mangabey and mangabey pituitary LH was characterized relative to rhesus monkey LH. Dilutions of a pituitary mangabey extract and a partially purified preparation of mangabey LH ran parallel to a rhesus monkey standard (LER 1909‐2) in the ovine‐ovine (o‐o) LH assay but showed some deviation from parallelism in the rhesus monkey FSH assay. The LH potency of the mangabey extract and standard were six and 190 times more potent, respectively, than LER 1909‐2 in the LH RIA. Mangabey LH was estimated to have a molecular weight of 40,000–42,000 daltons vs 35,000–38,000 daltons for rhesus LH on Sephadex G‐100 chromatography.Plasma levels of radioimmunoreactive LH, FSH, and testosterone were assayed before and after a bolus administration of 25, 50, or 100 μg synthetic go‐nadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to adult male mangabeys. A significant increase in serum levels of LH was seen within 30 min with levels more than fourfold higher than the basal level of LH after administration of 100 μg GnRH. However, no consistent increases in plasma FSH values were detected. The integrated mean LH response above preinjection levels following 25, 50, or 100 μg GnRH was dose related. Serum levels of testosterone were also elevated after administration of GnRH, but peak concentrations of testosterone lagged behind peak levels of LH by approximately 30 min.These studies indicate that the heterologous RIAs may be used for measuring gonadotropins in the mangabey and that the male mangabey is apparently more sensitive to GnRH than the rhesus monkey.
Clinical note: Calcium bilirubinate gallstones in an aged rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kessler M. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSevere gallstone disease was found at necropsy in a 24‐year‐old female monkey which died of pyelonephritis. Reports of spontaneous cholelithiasis in rhesus monkeys are rare. This is the first description of gallstone disease in a non‐human primate caused by calcium bilirubinate choleliths.