bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing unwarranted variation in hospital care – findings from a regional audit in Norway
Authors: Eide H. P. , Barach P. , Søreide E. , Thoresen C. , Tjomsland O. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background/Aim
There has been increasing focus and research over the past decades on defining, identifying, visualizing and reducing unwarranted clinical variation in clinical practice. Both clinician-driven initiatives such as the US based “Choosing Wisely” campaign and the top-down driven “Evidence-based intervention programme (EBI)” launched by NHS UK to improve quality of care by reducing unnecessary interventions have shown marginal results. We present the findings from a mixed-methods audit performed to evaluate the compliance by senior hospital leaders of a new regional strategy to reduce unwarranted variation in outcomes and utilization rates.

Methods
Seventy-five mid- to senior-division and department leaders from eight hospital trusts in South-Eastern Norway Regional Trust (HSO) were invited to participate in evaluating the response and compliance of the regional leadership strategy for reducing unwarranted variation in patient outcomes and service utilization rates.

Results
The audit revealed that the aim of reducing unwanted variation was not clearly communicated by senior HSO management. There was varying use of data from the national quality registers and health atlases for quality improvement. One third of the clinical leaders reported a lack of scrutiny of their work and were insufficiently aware of the HSO’s top-management and the hospital’s Boards strategic expectations about the importance of reducing unwarranted variation in their hospital utilization.

Conclusions
We found that the strategic aim of reducing unwanted clinical variation was not clearly communicated by senior HSO management to hospital boards and senior management.
The hospitals could benefit from a better understanding of causes of variation by strengthening their efforts to reduce unwarranted variation in utilization rates as a key element in improving health care quality and patient safety. The findings of the audit are relevant for other healthcare organizations trying to improve their quality and reduce unnecessary variation.
Attractor Inspired Deep Learning for Modelling Chaotic Systems
Authors: Dutta Anurag , Harshith John , Ramamoorthy A. , Lakshmanan K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPredicting and understanding the behavior of dynamic systems have driven advancements in various approaches, including physics-based models and data-driven techniques like deep neural networks. Chaotic systems, with their stochastic nature and unpredictable behavior, pose challenges for accurate modeling and forecasting, especially during extreme events. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework called Attractor-Inspired Deep Learning (AiDL), which seamlessly integrates actual statistics and mathematical models of system kinetics. AiDL combines the strengths of physics-informed machine learning and data-driven methods, offering a promising solution for modeling nonlinear systems. By leveraging the intricate dynamics of attractors, AiDL bridges the gap between physics-based models and deep neural networks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of AiDL using real-world data from various domains, including catastrophic weather mechanics, El Niño cycles, and disease transmission. Our empirical results showcase AiDL’s ability to substantially enhance the modeling of extreme events. The proposed AiDL paradigm holds promise for advancing research in Time Series Prediction of Extreme Events and has applications in real-world chaotic system transformations.
What we lost in the Jagger Library fire
Authors: Kirkwood Clive , Noble Mandy , Singer Michal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAt the University of Cape Town Libraries, the vast and valuable Special Collections Africana, rare books, government publications, manuscript and audio-visual archives were housed in the historic Jagger Library until 18 April 2021, when the building was razed by a runaway wildfire. With the reading room and galleries gutted by flames, and the basements flooded, the losses to the collection were extensive, representing a tragic and irreparable loss to South African research and historiography. While salvage and recovery efforts are ongoing, this article outlines what was lost by fire. It provides a snapshot of what was in the reading room at the time of the fire, and details the losses as far as possible – these include the prized published collections housed in the reading room and galleries, as well as the miscellany of archival materials situated on the tables and reserve shelving in the building at the time of the fire.
“More Business and Less Politics!” Schooling, Fiscal Structure, and the 1923 California State Budget
Authors: Malczewski Joan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 1923, Los Angeles teachers protested the state’s biennial budget, a controversial document from newly elected governor Friend Richardson that significantly cut funding to government agencies. The budget was the culmination of more than a decade of fiscal policy reform that reflected a significant shift in anti-tax sentiment. The expansion of state governance in the early twentieth century required the development of fiscal policies to meet the needs of the modern state, and public debates about taxation reflected deep ideological differences about the structure and scope of government and implicated public schooling. This analysis demonstrates two features of fiscal policy reform in California. First, tax reform shaped and was shaped by the political context, demonstrating the dynamic relationship between fiscal policy and state formation. Second, debates about tax reform were ultimately about the scope of government. Anti-tax campaigns that sought a more limited government implicated schooling, the largest item in the state budget, and undermined efforts to achieve educational equity.
Tripping effects on model-scale studies of flow over the DARPA SUBOFF
Authors: Morse Nicholas , Mahesh Krishnan 
Published: November 2023

Trip-resolved large-eddy simulations of the DARPA SUBOFF are performed to investigate the development of turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) in model-scale studies. The primary consideration of the study is the extent to which the details of tripping affect statistics in large-eddy simulations of complex geometries, which are presently limited to moderate Reynolds number TBLs. Two trip wire configurations are considered, along with a simple numerical trip (wall-normal blowing), which serves as an exemplar of artificial computational tripping methods often used in practice. When the trip wire height exceeds the laminar boundary layer thickness, shedding from the trip wire initiates transition, and the near field is characterized by an elevation of the wall-normal Reynolds stress and a modification of the turbulence anisotropy and mean momentum balance. This trip wire also induces a large jump in the boundary layer thickness, which affects the way in which the TBL responds to the pressure gradients and streamwise curvature of the hull. The trip-induced turbulence decays along the edge of the TBL as a wake component that sits on top of the underlying TBL structure, which dictates the evolution of the momentum and displacement thicknesses. In contrast, for a trip wire height shorter than the laminar boundary layer thickness, transition is initiated at the reattachment point of the trip-induced recirculation bubble, and the artificial trip reasonably replicates the resolved trip wire behaviour relatively shortly downstream of the trip location. For each case, the inner layer collapses rapidly in terms of the mean profile, Reynolds stresses and mean momentum balance, which is followed by the collapse of the Reynolds stresses in coordinates normalized by the local momentum thickness, and finally against the 99 % thickness. By this point, the lasting impact of the trip is the offset in boundary layer thickness due to the trip itself, which becomes a diminishing fraction of the total boundary layer thickness as the TBL grows. The importance of tripping the model appendages is also highlighted due to their lower Reynolds numbers and susceptibility to laminar separations.
Community Based Natural Resources Management in Botswana
Authors: Chitsove Emma , Madebwe Tinashe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSince the mid-1980s, Botswana has relied on community based natural resources management (CBNRM) to incentivize communities to choose environmentally beneficial behaviour to advance conservation efforts. This approach has had some success, although it has not been as successful as had been hoped. Nevertheless, it is well acknowledged that CBNRM can play an important role in advancing conservation efforts. The state is therefore working to revamp the CBNRM framework so that it consistently yields beneficial results for communities and conservation. This article relies on regulatory theory and experience with CBNRM in Botswana to identify what it would take to establish an effective CBNRM regulatory framework there. It establishes that Botswana has failed to secure effective CBNRM consistently, due to the lack of a dedicated CBNRM law and inadequately resourced institutions. It recommends the promulgation of a CBNRM law with a community-centred and / or rights-based approach, and the establishment of an adequately resourced institution, charged with regulating CBNRM in Botswana.
Sociopolitical reputation and the reform of pharmacies in Greece and Portugal
Authors: Ladi Stella , Moury Catherine , Stolfi Francesco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article argues that differences in sociopolitical reputation can explain why interest groups fail or succeed in influencing policymakers and that therefore sociopolitical reputation is a useful addition to the conceptual toolbox of interest groups scholars. Focusing on pharmacies and their associations in Greece and Portugal between 2005 and 2021, this article uses the concept of sociopolitical reputation to explain why reform attempts to reduce pharmaceutical spending and increase competition in the pharmacy sector were successful in Portugal but not in Greece, even though pharmacists are a much stronger interest group in Portugal than in Greece and even though both countries were under significant exogenous pressure to introduce structural reforms in the wake of the Eurozone crisis.
Fandom Culture as a Catalyst for Propaganda
Authors: Xia Shouzhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThrough computational-assisted analysis of the Weibo corpus of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CYL) spanning from 2013 to 2020, this paper unveils the strategic utilization of fandom culture by the CYL, the youth wing of the ruling party, in its nationalistic propaganda on the internet. Specifically, the CYL deliberately associates with the pop idols of the younger generation on Weibo, harnessing their influence to promote nationalistic content that encompasses both “pride-oriented” and “hostility-oriented” themes. Subsequent analysis reveals a greater propensity for nationalistic content to generate audience response compared to other types of content, particularly when endorsed by these pop idols. This research enriches our understanding of the CYL's propaganda efforts and contributes to the burgeoning scholarship on “soft propaganda” in China.
Beyond the res judicata doctrine: The nomomechanics of ICJ interpretation judgments
Authors: Kammerhofer Jörg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRes judicata is a core belief of international law; the ICJ’s judgments are seen as final and without appeal, to doubt that is apparently equal to calling the entire international legal order into question. But the doctrine is not as absolute as the orthodoxy makes it out to be, neither as a matter of positive international law nor as a statement of legal theory. Even final judgements are not always final and appeals procedures and judicial review are not special in that they engage res judicata whereas regular legal change does not; rather, both do from a legal-theoretical vantage-point. This article makes the point by looking at ICJ interpretation judgments under Article 60; it argues that, far from leaving the original judgment’s res judicata intact, interpretation judgments actually impinge or even disrupt it. The article discusses ICJ interpretation judgments (the 2013 judgment in Preah Vihear serving as convenient example), introduces Adolf Julius Merkl’s Error Calculus theory as the theoretical framework best suited to analysing the nomomechanics and critiques the Preah Vihear interpretation judgment as change disguised as a hermeneutic exercise. It then turns the critical enterprise on its head to look at the Error Calculus theory itself to lay the groundwork for an even more audacious argument that the Error Calculus does not depend on errors in the narrow sense of the word: it is neither an ex post ratification of an imperfect norm nor a confirmation of invalidity, but the derogation of a perfectly valid norm.
Neurodevelopment outcomes in the first 5 years of the life of children with transposition of the great arteries surgically corrected in the neonatal period: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Soares Catarina , Vieira Rafael José , Costa Sandra , Moita Rita , Andrade Mariana , Guimarães Hercília 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCongenital Heart Defects are the most common abnormalities at birth, resulting in many short- and long-term consequences.Objectives:In patients with transposition of the great arteries, surgical correction may achieve definitive treatment, so a thorough knowledge of the long-term outcomes, particularly neurodevelopment outcomes, is essential. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the neurodevelopment outcomes in the first 5 years of the life of children submitted to corrective surgery for transposition of the great arteries in the neonatal period.Methods:A total of 17 studies from 18 reports were included, assessing 809 individuals with surgically corrected transposition of the great arteries. The neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC).Results:Mean Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) were within the average values from 1 to 3 years of age, although the proportion of children scoring more than 1 standard deviation below the mean in PDI, MDI, motor, and language composite scores was significantly higher than in the general population. From 4 to 5 years, mean full-scale global intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal IQ, and performance IQ scores did not differ significantly from the general population.Conclusion:This study revealed neurodevelopment scores within the normal range at 5 years of age in children submitted to corrective surgery for transposition of the great arteries in the neonatal period. However, these early outcomes may not adequately predict long-term outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify specific risk factors and early markers of later impairment to guide the establishment of early interventions.
Perception towards palliative care among patients with pulmonary hypertension in malaysia: a correlation with disease status
Authors: Tye Sue Kiat , Razali Norazlina Susila , Ahmad Shauqi Shakila Amira , Azeman Nor Athirah , Basran Nurul Fazira , Liew Janet Huey Jing , Leong Ming Chern 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to describe the perception of Malaysian patients with pulmonary hypertension towards palliative care and their receptivity towards palliative care.Methods:This was a cross-sectional, single-centre study conducted via questionnaire. Patients aged 18 years old and above, who were diagnosed with non-curable pulmonary hypertension were recruited and given the assessment tool – perceptions of palliative care instrument electronically. The severity of pulmonary hypertension was measured using WHO class, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and the 6-minute walking test distance.Results:A total of 84 patients [mean age: 35 ±11 years, female: 83.3%, median N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide: 491 pg/ml (interquartile range: 155,1317.8), median 6-minute walking test distance: 420m (interquartile range: 368.5, 480m)] completed the questionnaires. Patients with a higher WHO functional class and negative feelings (r = 0.333, p = 0.004), and cognitive reaction to palliative care: hopeless (r = 0.340, p = 0.003), supported (r = 0.258, p = 0.028), disrupted (r = 0.262, p = 0.025), and perception of burden (r = 0.239, p = 0.041) are more receptive to palliative care. WHO class, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, and 6-minute walking test distance were not associated with higher readiness for palliative care. In logistic regression analyses, patients with positive feelings (β = 2.240, p = < 0.05), and practical needs (β = 1.346, p = < 0.05), were more receptive to palliative care.Conclusions:Disease severity did not directly influence patients’ readiness for palliative care. Patients with a positive outlook were more receptive to palliative care.
A view from outside: sovereign CDS volatility as an indicator of economic uncertainty
Authors: Boeck Maximilian , Feldkircher Martin , Raunig Burkhard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes the volatility of sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) as a measurement of economic uncertainty. Sovereign CDS provide protection against losses from sovereign defaults and are traded for almost all countries by the world’s largest financial institutions. The premium for protection, the so-called CDS spread, depends on a country’s economic conditions and provides an outside view from global financial institutions. Our empirical results show that the volatility of sovereign CDS spreads contains information about economic uncertainty. For a broad panel of 16 countries, we find that sovereign CDS volatility shares directional information with popular news-based economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices. Using Bayesian panel vector autoregressions, we find similar responses of output and unemployment to shocks in CDS volatility, equity volatility, and EPU. Our results further suggest that sovereign CDS volatility primarily reflects economic and financial uncertainty rather than political uncertainty.
Above the law: Drones, aerial vision and the law of armed conflict – a socio-technical approach
Authors: Krebs Shiri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAerial visuals play a central – and increasing – role in military operations, informing military decision-makers in real time. While adding relevant and time-sensitive information, these visuals construct an imperfect representation of people and spaces, placing additional burdens on decision-makers and creating a persuasive – yet misleading – virtual representation of the actual conditions on the ground. Based on interdisciplinary analysis of critical security studies, behavioural economics and international law literature, as well as rich data from US and Israeli military investigations into four military operations spanning from 2009 to 2021, this article identifies three types of challenges stemming from the mounting reliance on aerial visuals to inform military operations: technical challenges, relating to the technical capabilities and features of aerial vision technologies; cognitive challenges, relating to decision-making biases affecting human decision-makers; and human-technological challenges, relating to the human–machine interaction itself. The article suggests ways to mitigate these challenges, improve the application of the law of armed conflict, and protect people, animals and the environment during armed conflicts.
Born Apart, but Raised Together: Twins Delivered in Different Countries/Twin Research Reviews: Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome in Monozygotic (MZ) Twins; Effects of Technology on Conjoined Twin Separation; Reciprocal DIEP Transplantation Between MZ Twins; Guidelines for Multifetal Management/Media Reports: Book by World’s Oldest Auschwitz-Birkenau Twin Survivor; Passing of Ian Wilmut; Zhores Medvedev Was an Identical Twin; More Gay Fathers with Twin Sons; Twins and Siblings Admitted to Medical School; First and Fourth Records for Major League Baseball Twins
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe circumstances and subsequent life events of the first twins to have been born in different countries are examined. Given that both twins were born in the United Kingdom, their common citizenship was never questioned. In contrast, twins born in Canada to a legally married gay transnational couple — composed of one American and one Israeli — were assigned as citizens of different nations and their parents were regarded as if unmarried. This essay is followed by reviews of research on the Hallermann-Streiff syndrome in monozygotic (MZ) twins, the effects of technology on conjoined twin separation, reciprocal deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) transplantation in MZ twins and new guidelines for managing multifetal pregnancies. Finally, media reports on a book by the world’s oldest Auschwitz-Birkenau twin survivor, the passing of Dr Ian Wilmut, the identical twinship of Zhores Medvedev, another case of gay fathers with twin sons, twins and siblings admitted to medical school, and the first and fourth records for major league baseball twins are presented.
Long‐Term Bias Stability of the GOES‐NOP Magnetometers
Authors: Califf S. , Rich F. J. , Loto'aniu T. M. , Singer H. J. , Redmon R. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe characterize the long‐term bias stability of the GOES‐NOP series magnetometers (GOES‐13, 14, and 15) using data from 2013 through 2018. Bias stability is inferred using three methods: comparing the inboard and outboard measurements on each spacecraft, comparing the individual measurements to the TS04 magnetic field model, and comparing measurements between different GOES‐NOP spacecraft. Comparisons between the inboard and outboard magnetometers demonstrate that GOES‐14 and GOES‐15 measurements are stable within approximately 1–2 nT. The GOES‐13 inboard magnetometer has known contamination issues that hinder a useful inboard/outboard comparison, but inter‐spacecraft comparisons with GOES‐14 and GOES‐15 indicate that the GOES‐13 outboard magnetometer is also stable to 1–2 nT. Direct comparisons of each measurement to the TS04 magnetic field model support the conclusion that there is little long‐term bias drift over the 6‐year period. Model uncertainty and the variability of the field at geostationary orbit create a noise floor that is similar to the variability of the magnetometer biases. While these relative comparisons do not provide absolute measurement uncertainty, they do constrain the stability of the observations, allowing for future absolute calibration of the DC bias through different methods.