bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-chain fatty acids in breast milk and their relationship with the infant gut microbiota
Authors: Xi Menglu , Yan Yalu , Duan Sufang , Li Ting , Szeto Ignatius Man-Yau , Zhao Ai 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contained in breast milk play a key role in infant growth, affecting metabolism and enhancing intestinal immunity by regulating inflammation.MethodsIn order to examine the associations between the microbiota and SCFA levels in breast milk, and explore the roles of SCFAs in regulating the infant gut microbiota, we enrolled 50 paired mothers and infants and collected both breast milk and infant fecal samples. Breast milk SCFA contents were determined by UPLC-MS, and whole genome shotgun sequencing was applied to determine the microbial composition of breast milk and infant feces. The SCFA levels in breast milk were grouped into tertiles as high, medium, or low, and the differences of intestinal microbiota and KEGG pathways were compared among groups.ResultsThe results demonstrated that breast milk butyric acid (C4) is significantly associated with Clostridium leptum richness in breastmilk. Additionally, the specific Bifidobacterium may have an interactive symbiosis with the main species of C4-producing bacteria in human milk. Women with a low breast milk C4 tertile are associated with a high abundance of Salmonella and Salmonella enterica in their infants' feces. KEGG pathway analysis further showed that the content of C4 in breast milk is significantly correlated with the infants' metabolic pathways of lysine and arginine biosynthesis.DiscussionThis study suggests that interactive symbiosis of the microbiota exists in breast milk. Certain breast milk microbes could be beneficial by producing C4 and further influence the abundance of certain gut microbes in infants, playing an important role in early immune and metabolic development.
Classification and hemodynamic characteristics of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage following stent-assisted coil embolism in unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Wu Zeng-Bao , Wan Xue-Yan , Zhou Ming-Hui , Liu Yan-Chao , Maalim Ali Abdi , Miao Zhuang-Zhuang , Guo Xiao , Zeng Ying , Liao Pu , Gao Li-Ping , Xiang Jian-Ping , Zhang Hua-Qiu , Shu Kai , Lei Ting , Zhu Ming-Xin 
Published: February 2024

Background and objectiveStent-assisted coil (SAC) embolization is a commonly used endovascular treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) but can be associated with symptomatic delayed intracerebral hemorrhage (DICH). Our study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic risk factors contributing to DICH following SAC embolization and to establish a classification for DICH predicated on hemodynamic profiles.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with UIAs located in the internal carotid artery (ICA) treated with SAC embolization at our institution from January 2021 to January 2022. We focused on eight patients who developed postoperative DICH and matched them with sixteen control patients without DICH. Using computational fluid dynamics, we evaluated the hemodynamic changes in distal arteries [terminal ICA, the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and middle cerebral artery (MCA)] pre-and post-embolization. We distinguished DICH-related arteries from unrelated ones (ACA or MCA) and compared their hemodynamic alterations. An imbalance index, quantifying the differential in flow velocity changes between ACA and MCA post-embolization, was employed to gauge the flow distribution in distal arteries was used to assess distal arterial flow distribution.ResultsWe identified two types of DICH based on postoperative flow alterations. In type 1, there was a significant lower in the mean velocity increase rate of the DICH-related artery compared to the unrelated artery (−47.25 ± 3.88% vs. 42.85 ± 3.03%; p &lt; 0.001), whereas, in type 2, there was a notable higher (110.58 ± 9.42% vs. 17.60 ± 4.69%; p &lt; 0.001). Both DICH types demonstrated a higher imbalance index than the control group, suggesting an association between altered distal arterial blood flow distribution and DICH occurrence.ConclusionDICH in SAC-treated UIAs can manifest as either a lower (type 1) or higher (type 2) in the rate of velocity in DICH-related arteries. An imbalance in distal arterial blood flow distribution appears to be a significant factor in DICH development.
Case report: An unusual presentation of intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Authors: Desai Akshay Nilesh , Kurian Christine Jane , Rafferty William , Behrens Danielle Lajoie , Khrizman Polina 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIntra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor (IDSRCT) is a rare entity (0.2–0.74 cases per million people per year), which predominantly occurs in young men. It may present as an abdominal mass with pain, distention, and constipation. IDSRCT has a very poor prognosis, with 5-year overall survival estimated at 15%–30%. Diagnosis is made with tissue biopsy.Case descriptionWe present a case of a 28-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia and depression who presented to an emergency room (ER) in November 2022 with constipation and pelvic pain. The patient was sent home with a bowel regimen after radiography showed no obstruction. He re-presented for evaluation due to persistent pain. A computerized tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis (CT A/P) revealed numerous pelvic masses with severe colitis, bilateral moderate hydronephrosis, and metastatic disease in the liver. A colonoscopy showed a mass extending 3 cm from the anus to 10 cm causing a partial obstruction. Biopsy was read as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The patient was subsequently admitted to our institution with pelvic pain, nausea, and vomiting. Colorectal surgery performed a colectomy with end-ileostomy due to colonic obstruction. He was evaluated by a medical oncologist, with previous slides requested for review. Initial review was concerning metastatic basaloid SCC with neuroendocrine features and a Ki67 of 70%. Given his recent abdominal surgeries, chemotherapy was delayed until February 2023 when he was started on reduced dose carboplatin and paclitaxel. Tumor specimen was sent for next generation sequencing (NGS) and programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) testing. NGS results returned after the first dose of chemotherapy was given and showed a t(11;22) EWSR-WT1 translocation characteristic of desmoplastic small round cell tumor. The patient was supported in the hospital and discharged with oncology follow-up.DiscussionAs seen in this case, pathology review is essential to ensuring correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. This is especially true when the clinical scenario does not match the listed pathology. Additional diagnostics such as NGS are invaluable in establishing correct diagnosis.
Importance of genetic sequencing studies in managing chronic neonatal diarrhea: a case report of a novel variant in the glucose–galactose transporter SLC5A1
Authors: López-Mejía Lizbeth , Guillén-Lopez Sara , Vela-Amieva Marcela , Santillán-Martínez Rosalía , Abreu Melania , González-Herrra María Dolores , Díaz-Martínez Rubicel , Reyes-Magaña Juan Gaspar 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionCongenital glucose–galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that primarily causes chronic intractable diarrhea. This study aims to describe the clinical history, laboratory profile, diagnostic workflow, and management of the first patient reported with CGGM in Mexico.MethodsThe case involves a Mexican female infant with recurrent admissions to the emergency room since birth due to chronic diarrhea.ResultsThe infant was born at term by C-section with a birth weight of 3.120 kg and height of 48 cm for consanguineous parents. She had been breastfed until day 5 of her life when she presented lethargy, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and jaundice. During the first evaluation at the emergency room, the significant laboratory finding was blood tyrosine elevation; afterward, amino acid and succinylacetone determinations were obtained, discarding tyrosinemia. When admitted to the hospital, an abdominal ultrasound detected a duplex collecting system. At this time, rice formula was introduced to the patient. She was discharged with jaundice improvement, but diarrhea persisted. Several formula changes had been made from rice to extensively hydrolyzed casein protein to whey-based, with no clinical improvement; the patient still had 10–12 excretions daily. In the second hospitalization, the patient presented anemia, severe dehydration, hyperammonemia, and renal tubular acidosis. A next-generation sequencing panel for inborn errors of metabolism and congenital diarrhea was performed, identifying a homozygous variant in SLC5A1 (c.1667T &gt; C). The diagnosis of CGGM was made at 3 months of age. The infant was initially treated with a modular galactose–glucose-free formula with oil, fructose, casein, minerals, and vitamins until a commercial fructose-based formula was introduced. This led to a complete resolution of diarrhea and improved nutritional status.DiscussionDiagnosing CGGM is challenging for clinicians, and next-generation sequencing is a valuable tool for providing appropriate treatment. More detailed information on patients with this condition might lead to possible phenotype–genotype correlations. This case's primary clinical and biochemical findings were chronic diarrhea, anemia, jaundice, renal tubular acidosis, hyperammonemia, and initial hypertyrosinemia. Symptoms were resolved entirely with the fructose-based formula.
Preoperative anxiety management in pediatric patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of distraction techniques
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Saqlain , Shafique Muhammad Ashir , Zaidi Syeda Dua E Zehra , Qamber Amna , Rangwala Burhanuddin Sohail , Ahmed Aftab , Zaidi Syeda Mahrukh Fatima , Rangwala Hussain Sohail , Uddin Muhammad Musab Nafees , Ali Mirha , Siddiq Mohammad Arham , Haseeb Abdul 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThis study addresses the pervasive issue of heightened preoperative anxiety in healthcare, particularly among pediatric patients. Recognizing the various sources of anxiety, we explored both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Focusing on distraction techniques, including active and passive forms, our meta-analysis aimed to provide comprehensive insights into their impact on preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines, this meta-analysis and systematic review assessed the efficacy of pharmaceutical and distraction interventions in reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric surgery. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023449979).ResultsThis meta-analysis, comprising 45 studies, investigated pharmaceutical interventions and distraction tactics in pediatric surgery. Risk of bias assessment revealed undisclosed risks in performance and detection bias. Distraction interventions significantly reduced preoperative anxiety compared to control groups, with notable heterogeneity. Comparison with Midazolam favored distraction techniques. Subgroup analysis highlighted varied efficacies among distraction methods, with a notable reduction in anxiety levels. Sensitivity analysis indicated stable results. However, publication bias was observed, suggesting a potential reporting bias.ConclusionOur study confirms distraction techniques as safe and effective for reducing pediatric preoperative anxiety, offering a valuable alternative to pharmacological interventions.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=449979, PROSPERO [CRD42023449979].
Comparative effects of incretin-based therapy on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: the role of SIRT1/Nrf2/NF-κB/TNF-α signaling pathways
Authors: Botros Sandy R. , Matouk Asmaa I. , Amin Amr , Heeba Gehan H. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Nephrotoxicity represents a major complication of using doxorubicin (DOX) in the management of several types of cancers. Increased oxidative stress and the activation of inflammatory mediators play outstanding roles in the development of DOX-induced kidney damage. This study aimed to investigate whether the two pathways of incretin-based therapy, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (presented as semaglutide, SEM) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (presented as alogliptin, ALO), differentially protect against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods: Adult male rats were divided into six groups: control (received the vehicle), DOX (20 mg/kg, single I.P. on day 8), DOX + ALO (20 mg/kg/day, P.O. for 10 days), DOX + SEM (12 μg/kg/day, S.C. for 10 days), ALO-alone, and SEM-alone groups. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed and their kidney functions, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were assessed. Kidney sections were also subjected to histopathological examinations.Results: The co-treatment with either ALO or SEM manifested an improvement in the kidney functions, as evidenced by lower serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, and cystatin C compared to the DOX group. Lower levels of MDA, higher levels of GSH, and increased SOD activity were observed in either ALO- or SEM-treated groups than those observed in the DOX group. DOX administration resulted in decreased renal expressions of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and Nrf2 with increased NF-κB and TNF-α expressions, and these effects were ameliorated by treatment with either ALO or SEM.Discussion: Co-treatment with either ALO or SEM showed a renoprotective effect that was mediated by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via the SIRT1/Nrf2/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway. The fact that both pathways of the incretin-based therapy demonstrate an equally positive effect in alleviating DOX-induced renal damage is equally noteworthy.
Somali refugees in urban neighborhoods: an eco-social study of mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Ermansons Guntars , Kienzler Hanna , Schofield Peter 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundImpact of pre-migration trauma and post-migration settlement on refugee mental health and wellbeing is well-documented. However, little research has focused on the specific places where refugees settle and spend their daily lives within the post-migration context. This study adopts an eco-social perspective to explore the relationship between urban neighborhoods and refugee mental health and wellbeing.MethodsWe conducted twenty-six qualitative interviews with Somali refugees in London and Bristol in the UK. The transcripts were coded using an inductive approach and analyzed through thematic analysis.ResultsSomali refugees navigate a complex urban environment comprising various neighborhood features which include important places near home, interactions with neighbors, and community spaces. While these features afford them resources to improve mental health and wellbeing, they also present challenges such as high urban density, exposure to violence or discrimination, and neighborhood disorder.ConclusionThe societal and physical features of urban neighborhoods intersect with refugee experiences of adversity, trauma and stress over time. As eco-social niches, urban neighborhoods are both accommodating, safe and familiar, as well as alien, threatening and unwelcoming. To support mental health and wellbeing and ensure successful settlement, it is essential to recognize the agency of refugees and provide continuous support throughout the entire asylum process and after, ensuring stable and safe living conditions.
Psychological distress among Brazilian workers during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
Authors: Alonso Melissa Spröesser , Lima Maria Cristina Pereira , Dias Adriano , Camacho-Vega Juan Carlos , García-Iglesias Juan Jesus , Ruiz-Frutos Carlos , Bernardes João Marcos , Gómez-Salgado Juan 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic imposed drastic and abrupt changes to working environment and organization and that might have caused additional negative effects on mental health. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and assess the severity of psychological distress experienced by Brazilian essential and nonessential workers during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis descriptive study included 2,903 participants who answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. The research questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian population from a questionnaire developed and validated for the Spanish population. Variables were analyzed using simple and cumulative percentage distributions and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The Wilson score interval was used to calculate confidence interval (CI) for the main outcome, psychological distress.ResultsIt was observed a high prevalence (72.6%) of psychological distress among the study’s participants. They also presented a median risk perception score of 60 (out of a maximum of 90), and their greatest concern was transmitting the virus to family members, close contacts or patients. Furthermore, it was found a lower sense of coherence and work engagement among the participants than those observed in previous studies conducted in other countries.ConclusionAlmost three quarters of the study’s participants were classified as presenting psychological distress. Thus, it is imperative to provide mental health remotely delivered interventions to workers during public health events that require prolonged social distancing measures.
Tacrolimus Drug Exposure Level and Smoking Are Modifiable Risk Factors for Early De Novo Malignancy After Liver Transplantation for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Authors: Vanlerberghe Benedict T. K. , van Malenstein Hannah , Sainz-Barriga Mauricio , Jochmans Ina , Cassiman David , Monbaliu Diethard , van der Merwe Schalk , Pirenne Jacques , Nevens Frederik , Verbeek Jef 
Published: February 2024

De novo malignancy (DNM) is the primary cause of mortality after liver transplantation (LT) for alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). However, data on risk factors for DNM development after LT are limited, specifically in patients with ALD. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed all patients transplanted for ALD at our center before October 2016. Patients with a post-LT follow-up of &lt;12 months, DNM within 12 months after LT, patients not on tacrolimus in the 1st year post-LT, and unknown smoking habits were excluded. Tacrolimus drug exposure level (TDEL) was calculated by area under the curve of trough levels in the 1st year post-LT. 174 patients received tacrolimus of which 19 (10.9%) patients developed a DNM between 12 and 60 months post-LT. Multivariate cox regression analysis identified TDEL [HR: 1.710 (1.211–2.414); p = 0.002], age [1.158 (1.076–1.246); p &lt; 0.001], number of pack years pre-LT [HR: 1.021 (1.004–1.038); p = 0.014] and active smoking at LT [HR: 3.056 (1.072–8.715); p = 0.037] as independent risk factors for DNM. Tacrolimus dose minimization in the 1st year after LT and smoking cessation before LT might lower DNM risk in patients transplanted for ALD.
Satellitome Analysis in the Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) Genome: Implications for SatDNA Evolution in Charadriiform Birds
Authors: Kretschmer Rafael , Toma Gustavo A. , Deon Geize Aparecida , dos Santos Natalia , dos Santos Rodrigo Zeni , Utsunomia Ricardo , Porto-Foresti Fabio , Gunski Ricardo José , Garnero Analía Del Valle , Liehr Thomas , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Corra , de Freitas Thales Renato Ochotorena , Cioffi Marcelo de Bello 
Published: February 2024

Vanellus (Charadriidae; Charadriiformes) comprises around 20 species commonly referred to as lapwings. In this study, by integrating cytogenetic and genomic approaches, we assessed the satellite DNA (satDNA) composition of one typical species, Vanellus chilensis, with a highly conserved karyotype. We additionally underlined its role in the evolution, structure, and differentiation process of the present ZW sex chromosome system. Seven distinct satellite DNA families were identified within its genome, accumulating on the centromeres, microchromosomes, and the W chromosome. However, these identified satellite DNA families were not found in two other Charadriiformes members, namely Jacana jacana and Calidris canutus. The hybridization of microsatellite sequences revealed the presence of a few repetitive sequences in V. chilensis, with only two out of sixteen displaying positive hybridization signals. Overall, our results contribute to understanding the genomic organization and satDNA evolution in Charadriiform birds.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Savi (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intelektual) Terhadap Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Dan Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Indonesia Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Gugus I Kecamatan Makassar
Authors: Yulianti Yulianti , Asdar Asdar , Hamsiah Andi 
Published: February 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intelektual) terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar dan keterampilan berbicara Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas V SD Gugus I Kecamatan Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini quasi ekperimental design, dan desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu non-equivalent control group. Populasi yaitu seluruh siswa kelas V SD Gugus I Kecamatan Makassar yang berjumlah 323 orang, sampelnya yaitu kelas V-c dengan jumlah siswa 25 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas V-d dengan jumlah siswa 24 orang sebagai kelas control. instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah pretest dan postest untuk keterampilan berbicara dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intelektua) dan angket untuk motivasi belajar. Data analisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intelektual) pada kelas eksperimen motivasi belajar sebesar 89,24 dan untuk keterampilan berbicara sebesar 88,40 dengan sig 0,00 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol yang tidak menerapkan model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intelektual) motivasi belajar sebesar 53,50 dan keterampilan berbicara sebesar 45,83 dengan sig 0,00. Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intelektual) terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar dan keterampilan berbicara bahasa Indonesia pada siswa kelas V SD Gugus I Kecamatan Makassar.
The aims of this study was to describe the effect of the SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual) learning model on increasing learning motivation and Indonesian speaking skills of fifth grade students at SD Cluster I Makassar District. The type of research is quasi-experimental design, the research design used is a non-equivalent control group. The population is all students of class V SD Cluster I, Makassar District, totaling 323 students, the sample is class V-c with 25 students as the experimental class and class V-d with 24 students as the control class. The instruments used to collect data are pretest and posttest. for speaking skills using the SAVI learning model and questionnaires for learning motivation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis of SAVI learning in the experimental class learning motivation of 89.24 and for speaking skills of 88.40 with a sig of 0.00 while in the control class that did not apply the SAVI learning model learning motivation of 53.50 and speaking skills of 45.83 with a sig of 0.00. The data shows there is an effect of SAVI learning model on increasing learning motivation and Indonesian speaking skills in fifth grade students at SD Gugus I Makassar District.