bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choreographing a good death: Carers’ experiences and practices of enacting assisted dying
Authors: Lewis Sophie , La Brooy Camille , Kerridge Ian , Holmes Alex , Olver Ian , Hudson Peter , Dooley Michael , Komesaroff Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe proliferation of assisted dying legislative reforms globally is a significant change in the social and medico‐legal landscape of end‐of‐life care. Understanding the impacts of these legislative reforms on family members who care for a dying person is vital, yet under‐theorised in research. In this article, drawing on semi‐structured interviews with 42 carers for a person who has sought assisted dying in Australia, and extending ideas of ontological choreography we explore the new and complex choreographies enacted by carers in their endeavour to arrange a ‘good death’ for the dying person. We find that desires to fulfil the dying person’s wishes are often accompanied by normative pressures, affective tensions and complexities in bereavement. Enacting assisted dying requires carers to perform a repertoire of highly‐staged practices. Yet, institutional obstacles and normative cultural scripts of dying can constrain carer assisted dying practices. Understanding the nuances of carers’ experiences and how they navigate this new end‐of‐life landscape, we argue, provides critical insights about how assisted dying legislation is producing new cultural touchpoints for caring at the end of life. Moreover, we show how emerging cultural scripts of assisted dying are impacting in the lives of these carers.
TRANSFORMING SOCIAL HOUSING INTO AN ASSET CLASS: REITs and the Financialization of Supported Housing in England
Authors: Goulding Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article explores the governance of risk in financialization through the entry of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and other investment funds into specialized supported housing in England. Supported housing is a form of care accommodation intended to enable vulnerable groups such as people with learning disabilities to live more independently. Since 2014, investors have targeted the sector, developing a leaseback model that has encountered controversy due to unsustainable rents and the near bankruptcy of at least one housing association. The article unpacks these dynamics by asking how financialization has generated risk through the imposition of a ‘care fix’ in the sector, drawing on qualitative data including interviews, financial and media reports, and court and regulatory documents. In answering this question, it argues that the contradiction between housing's role as a private commodity and as a collective means of social reproduction generates tensions that suggest potential limits to financialization.
Utility of electroencephalography in toxin‐induced seizures
Authors: Sidlak Alexander M. , Dibble Brent , Schultz Brian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionToxin‐induced seizures differ from seizures occurring in epilepsy and have a high rate of complications. Electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely obtained when there is concern for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). The purpose of this study was to characterize the typical findings after toxin‐induced seizures, assess the rate of epileptiform discharges and NCSE, and identify any changes in management resulting from EEG.MethodsPatients older than 16 years who had an EEG during hospitalization for drug‐induced seizure or seizure‐like activity were included. We reviewed 10 years of data (2013–2022) across our hospital system (four community hospitals and one academic center). Patients with a history of seizures and those with cardiac arrest prior to EEG were excluded. The primary outcome was incidence of epileptiform discharges on EEG. The secondary outcome was number of antiseizure medications (ASM) added after EEG.ResultsA total of 256 encounters were screened with 83 patient encounters included. A total of 53% (44/83) of EEGs showed some degree of generalized slowing. A total of 2.4% (2/83) of cases had epileptiform activity on EEG. No cases of nonconvulsive status were identified. No ASM was started in the two cases where epileptiform discharges were identified.ConclusionsDuring usual care of toxin‐induced seizures, epileptiform discharges are uncommon.
Acute care utilization for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions among publicly insured children
Authors: Shapiro Daniel J. , Hall Matt , Ramgopal Sriram , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Chaudhari Pradip P. , Eltorki Mohamed , Badaki‐Makun Oluwakemi , Bergmann Kelly R. , Macy Michelle L. , Foster Carolyn C. , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough characteristics of preventable hospitalizations for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (ACSCs) have been described, less is known about patterns of emergency and other acute care utilization for ACSCs among children who are not hospitalized. We sought to describe patterns of utilization for ACSCs according to the initial site of care and to determine characteristics associated with seeking initial care in an acute care setting rather than in an office. A better understanding of the sequence of health care utilization for ACSCs may inform efforts to shift care for these common conditions to the medical home.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric encounters for ACSCs between 2017 and 2019 using data from the IBM Watson MarketScan Medicaid database. The database includes insurance claims for Medicaid‐insured children in 10 anonymized states. We assessed the initial sites of care for ACSC encounters, which were defined as either acute care settings (emergency or urgent care) or office‐based settings. We used generalized estimating equations clustered on patient to identify associations between encounter characteristics and the initial site of care.ResultsAmong 7,128,515 encounters for ACSCs, acute care settings were the initial site of care in 27.9%. Diagnoses with the greatest proportion of episodes presenting to acute care settings were urinary tract infection (52.0% of episodes) and pneumonia (44.6%). Encounters on the weekend (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.27–6.34 compared with weekday) and among children with capitated insurance (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.54–1.56 compared with fee for service) were associated with increased odds of seeking care first in an acute care setting.ConclusionsAcute care settings are the initial sites of care for more than one in four encounters for ACSCs among publicly insured children. Expanded access to primary care on weekends may shift care for ACSCs to the medical home.
Agribusiness rent extraction
Authors: Ioris Antonio A. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe article discusses the political‐economy of agribusiness, making use of the category of rent that is considered as a proportion of exchange value diverted from production for the payment to the landowners and, crucially, its class‐based allies. Rent is therefore more than just the extraction of value from the use of land, but there is a wider, deeply politicised capture of value from the network of relations that maintain land in production. Agribusiness rent primarily derives from the appropriation of land through the formation of a powerful network involving ‘state‐landowners‐private agroindustrial sector’, and this network provides the necessary conditions for the extraction of rent and the accumulation of capital.
Early suppression policies protected pregnant women from COVID‐19 in 2020: A population‐based surveillance from the Nordic countries
Authors: Varpula Reetta , Äyräs Outi , Aabakke Anna J. M. , Klungsøyr Kari , Svanvik Teresia , Kanerva Julia , Jonasdottir Eva , Mentzoni Camilla Tjønneland , Thurn Lars , Jones Elin , Fredriksson Lisa , Pettersson Karin , Nyfløt Lill Trine , Vangen Siri , Røe Kjerstine , Júlíusson Pétur B. , Källén Karin , Gissler Mika , Pyykönen Aura , Jakobsson Maija , Krebs Lone , Engjom Hilde Marie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Coronavirus 2019 Disease (COVID‐19) pandemic reached the Nordic countries in March 2020. Public health interventions to limit viral transmission varied across different countries both in timing and in magnitude. Interventions indicated by an Oxford Stringency Index ≥50 were implemented early (March 13–17, 2020) in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland, and on March 26, 2020 in Sweden. The aim of the current study was to assess the incidence of COVID‐19‐related admissions of pregnant women in the Nordic countries in relation to the different national public health strategies during the first year of the pandemic.Material and methodsThis is a meta‐analysis of population‐based cohort studies in the five Nordic countries with national or regional surveillance in the Nordic Obstetric Surveillance System (NOSS) collaboration: national data from Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway, and regional data covering 31% of births in Sweden. The source population consisted of women giving birth in the included areas March 1–December 31, 2020. Pregnant women with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR test ≤14 days before hospital admission were included, and admissions were stratified as either COVID‐19‐related or non‐COVID (other obstetric healthcare). Information about public health policies was retrieved retrospectively.ResultsIn total, 392 382 maternities were considered. Of these, 600 women were diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 137 (22.8%) were admitted for COVID‐19 symptoms. The pooled incidence of COVID‐19 admissions per 1000 maternities was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2 to 1.2, I2 = 77.6, tau2 = 0.68, P = 0.0), ranging from no admissions in Iceland to 1.9 admissions in the Swedish regions. Interventions to restrict viral transmission were less stringent in Sweden than in the other Nordic countries.ConclusionsThere was a clear variation in pregnant women's risk of COVID‐19 admission across countries with similar healthcare systems but different public health interventions to limit viral transmission. The meta‐analysis indicates that early suppression policies protected pregnant women from severe COVID‐19 disease prior to the availability of individual protection with vaccines.
Procedure‐specific simulation for vaginal surgery training: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Geoffrion Roxana , Koenig Nicole A. , Cundiff Geoffrey W. , Flood Catherine , Hyakutake Momoe T. , Schulz Jane , Brennand Erin A. , Lee Terry , Singer Joel , Todd Nicole J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionVaginal surgery has a superior outcome profile compared with other surgical routes, yet skills are declining because of low case volumes. Graduating residents' confidence and preparedness for vaginal surgery has plummeted in the past decade. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether procedure‐specific simulation skills, vs usual training, result in improved operative competence.Material and methodsWe completed a randomized controlled trial of didactic and procedural training via low fidelity vaginal surgery models for anterior repair, posterior repair (PR), vaginal hysterectomy (VH), recruiting novice gynecology residents at three academic centers. We evaluated performance via global rating scale (GRS) in the real operating room and for corresponding procedures by attending surgeon blinded to group. Prespecified secondary outcomes included procedural steps knowledge, overall performance, satisfaction, self‐confidence and intraoperative parameters. A priori sample size estimated 50 residents (20% absolute difference in GRS score, 25% SD, 80% power, alpha 0.05). Clinicaltrials.gov: Registration no. NCT05887570.ResultsWe randomized 83 residents to intervention or control and 55 completed the trial (2011–23). Baseline characteristics were similar, except for more fourth‐year control residents. After adjustment of confounders (age, level, baseline knowledge), GRS scores showed significant differences overall (mean difference 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–16.1; p = 0.044) and for VH (mean difference 12.0; 95% CI: 1.8–22.3; p = 0.02). The intervention group had significantly higher procedural steps knowledge and self‐confidence for VH and/or PR (p < 0.05, adjusted analysis). Estimated blood loss, operative time and complications were similar between groups.ConclusionsCompared to usual training, procedure‐specific didactic and low fidelity simulation modules for vaginal surgery resulted in significant improvements in operative performance and several other skill parameters.
T/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukaemia harbouring TLX3::BCL11B with TLX3 activation
Authors: Botten Giovanni A. , Zhang Yuannyu , Fuda Franklin , Koduru Prasad , Weinberg Olga K. , Slone Tamra L. , Zheng Ruifang , Dickerson Kathryn E. , Gagan Jeffrey R. , Chen Weina 
Published: February 2024

SummaryT/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukaemia (MPAL) is a rare aggressive acute leukaemia with poorly understood pathogenesis. Herein, we report two cases of T/myeloid MPAL harbouring BCL11B‐associated structural variants that activate TLX3 (TLX3::BCL11B‐TLX3‐activation) by genome sequencing and transcriptomic analyses. Both patients were young males with extramedullary involvement. Cooperative gene alterations characteristic of T/myeloid MPAL and T‐lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) were detected. Both patients achieved initial remission following lineage‐matched ALL‐based therapy with one patient requiring a lineage‐switched myeloid‐based therapy. Our study is the first to demonstrate the clinicopathological and genomic features of TLX3::BCL11B‐TLX3‐activated T/myeloid MPAL and provide insights into leukaemogenesis.
The developmental consequences of early exposure to climate change‐related risks
Authors: Cuartas Jorge , McCoy Dana C. , Torres Isabella , Burghardt Lindsey , Shonkoff Jack P. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe climate crisis encompasses a constellation of risks that threaten human livelihoods, well‐being, and survival globally. In this article, we present a new framework based on bioecological and dynamic systems perspectives, and on evidence for conceptualizing how the distinctive dual time frame of both acute (e.g., extreme weather events) and chronic (e.g., ecological degradation) climate change‐related risks experienced prenatally and early in life across multiple ecological contexts can threaten human development. We conclude with a call to developmental researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to invest more efforts in understanding and addressing the climate crisis and its developmental consequences to ensure a sustainable future for all.
State‐of‐the‐art therapies for fragile X syndrome
Authors: Protic Dragana , Hagerman Randi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a full mutation (> 200 CGG repeats) in the FMR1 gene. FXS is the leading cause of inherited intellectual disabilities and the most commonly known genetic cause of autism spectrum disorder. Children with FXS experience behavioral and sleep problems, anxiety, inattention, learning difficulties, and speech and language delays. There are no approved medications for FXS; however, there are several interventions and treatments aimed at managing the symptoms and improving the quality of life of individuals with FXS. A combination of non‐pharmacological therapies and pharmacotherapy is currently the most effective treatment for FXS. Currently, several targeted treatments, such as metformin, sertraline, and cannabidiol, can be used by clinicians to treat FXS. Gene therapy is rapidly developing and holds potential as a prospective treatment option. Soon its efficacy and safety in patients with FXS will be demonstrated.What this paper adds

Targeted treatment of fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the best current therapeutic approach.
Gene therapy holds potential as a prospective treatment for FXS in the future.
First report of Exobasidium miyabei causing Exobasidium leaf blisters on Rhododendron mucronulatum in Korea
Authors: Sung Han‐Jung , Park Ji‐Hyun , Shin Hyeon‐Dong , Seo Sang Tae 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, a previously unseen Exobasidium leaf blister disease was observed on Rhododendron mucronulatum in its natural habitat in Korea. The fungus associated with the disease was identified as Exobasidium miyabei based on morphological characteristics and two‐locus sequence analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. miyabei in Korea and of its novel association with the host species, R. mucronulatum.
Species sensitivities to artificial light at night: A phylogenetically controlled multilevel meta‐analysis on melatonin suppression
Authors: Yang Yefeng , Liu Qiong , Pan Chenghao , Chen Jintian , Xu Binbo , Liu Kai , Pan Jinming , Lagisz Malgorzata , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rapid urbanization of our world has led to a surge in artificial lighting at night (ALAN), with profound effects on wildlife. Previous research on wildlife's melatonin, a crucial mechanistic indicator and mediator, has yielded inconclusive evidence due to a lack of comparative analysis. We compiled and analysed an evidence base including 127 experiments with 437 observations across 31 wild vertebrates using phylogenetically controlled multilevel meta‐analytic models. The evidence comes mainly from the effects of white light on melatonin suppression in birds and mammals. We show a 36% average decrease in melatonin secretion in response to ALAN across a diverse range of species. This effect was observed for central and peripheral melatonin, diurnal and nocturnal species, and captive and free‐living populations. We also reveal intensity‐, wavelength‐, and timing‐dependent patterns of ALAN effects. Exposure to ALAN led to a 23% rise in inter‐individual variability in melatonin suppression, with important implications for natural selection in wild vertebrates, as some individuals may display higher tolerance to ALAN. The cross‐species evidence has strong implications for conservation of wild populations that are subject to natural selection of ALAN. We recommend measures to mitigate harmful impacts of ALAN, such as using ‘smart’ lighting systems to tune the spectra to less harmful compositions.
Recent advances in the extraction, synthesis, biological activities, and stabilisation strategies for β‐carotene: a review
Authors: Zhao Tong , He Xinyu , Yan Xia , Xi Huijuan , Li Yiting , Yang Xingbin 
Published: February 2024

Summaryβ‐carotene is a natural carotenoid pigment that widely exists in various fruits and vegetables, possessing antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and other biological activities. This makes it highly suitable for the development of nutritional functional foods and cosmetics. However, its poor water solubility and physical and chemical instability hinder its actual bioavailability. Therefore, adopting a rational stabilisation strategy to improve the stability and bioavailability of β‐carotene is a feasible approach. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the properties, biological activities, extraction methods, and synthesis methods of β‐carotene. It also highlights the research progress and current applications of β‐carotene‐loaded systems with the aim to offer valuable references for developing stable systems and expanding its application scope.
Hypoglycaemia fear, treatment adherence, and the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and its determinants
Authors: Yildirim Dilek , Çiriş Yildiz Cennet , Ergin Emine , Özbay İrem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThis work aims to evaluate the relationship between the fear of hypoglycaemia, treatment adherence, and the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its determinants.MethodsThis descriptive and cross‐sectional study sample recruited 1060 T2DM outpatients in a health centre between January and July 2022. The Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS), Type 2 DM Treatment Patient Compliance Scale, and the 5‐Level EuroQol 5‐Dimension (EQ‐5D‐5L) were used for data collection.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between age, duration of T2DM, and the scores obtained from the HFS and its subscales (p < 0.001). There was a positive, moderate correlation between the total HFS score and the TCS (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the scores obtained from the HFS and the EQ‐5D‐5L (p < 0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that the quality of life scores of the patients were significantly predicted by hypoglycaemia fear, duration of T2DM diagnosis, and age. (F = 91.691, p < 0.001). Hypoglycaemia fear, duration of T2DM diagnosis, and age explained 38.1% of the quality of life of patients.ConclusionWe determined that the increase in hypoglycaemia fear resulted in a decrease in treatment adherence. Besides, hypoglycaemia fear increased with increasing age and duration of T2DM diagnosis.
Influence of maternal characteristics and infant feeding patterns on infant growth from birth till 18 months: The MISC study
Authors: Radwan Hadia , Naja Farah , Abbas Nada , Kharma Joelle Abi , Obaid Reyad Shaker , Al Ghazal Hessa , Abdelrahim Dana N. , Saqan Roba , Alameddine Mariam , Al Hilali Marwa , Hasan Hayder , Hashim Mona 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe growth and development of infants during the first 1000 days of life are crucial for their health.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the impact of maternal characteristics and infant feeding patterns on infant growth from birth to 18 months.MethodsData were derived from the 2‐year perspective Mother Infant Study Cohort (MISC) study which included six visits from the third trimester of pregnancy until 18 months postpartum. A convenient sample of 256 pregnant women aged 19–40 years was recruited from Sharjah, Dubai and Ajman in the United Arab Emirates.ResultsAmongst mothers' characteristics, Arab nationality, pre‐pregnancy overweight/obesity, higher gestational weight gain and lower physical activity were found to increase the likelihood of infants being overweight at 6, 12 and 18 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was positively correlated with reduced odds of the infant being overweight at 18 months (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.81). Breastfeeding for up to 6 months and the introduction of solid foods after 6 months was associated with reduced odds of the infant being overweight at 12 months old (aOR = 4, 95% CI: 1.1–14.6; aOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.09–8.08, respectively).ConclusionThe findings spotlight the influence of maternal characteristics and infant feeding on infant growth. This asserts the need for evidence‐based programmes targeting mothers to promote optimal feeding practices and foster healthy child growth.