bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silsesquioxane Models for Silica Surface Silanol Sites with Adjacent Siloxide Functionalites and Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Thereof
Authors: Duchateau Robbert , Dijkstra Tessa W. , van Santen Rutger A. , Yap Glenn P. A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIncompletely condensed silsesquioxanes of the type R7Si7O9(O{SiR′2O}n)OH (R = c‐C5H9, c‐C6H11; R′ = Me, Ph; n = 1–4), containing a siloxane ring of variable size and rigidity and a remaining silanol, are described. Compared with a truly isolated silanol [R7Si8O12(OH)], solution and solid state FT‐IR spectra of these compounds show a $\tilde \nu $OH shift of approximately 150 cm−1 to lower frequency, which suggests hydrogen bonding of the silanol with the internal siloxane ring. In agreement with this, the relative ion pair acidities of the silanols in THF, determined by UV/Vis, were lowered by 0.8–1.2 compared with a truly isolated silanol. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on these systems confirm the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Possible interaction of the silyl ether functionalities with Lewis acidic metal sites was studied for the neutral gallium‐substituted systems and cationic titanium silsesquioxane complexes, models for an immobilized titanium olefin polymerization catalyst. The electron donating capability of the siloxide functionalities in 1, 6, and 7 is not sufficient to satisfy the electron deficiency of the corresponding gallium silsesquioxane species, which form dimeric structures with a bridging siloxide unit rather than Lewis base adducts with coordinated siloxide functionalities. Metallation of 1 and 4 with [Cp′′Ti(CH2Ph)3] (Cp′′ = η5‐1,3‐C5H3(SiMe3)2) in a 1:1 ratio afforded monomeric titanasilsesquioxanes. To probe the effect of the neighboring siloxane ring on the highly Lewis acidic titanium center, the catalytic activities of the corresponding cationic half‐sandwich complexes were tested in 1‐hexene polymerization. Compared with the catalyst system based on the isolated silanol [(c‐C5H9)7Si8O12OH], the presence of a neighboring siloxane ring causes considerable retardation of the polymerization process but also improves the stability of the catalyst.
Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Properties of New Manganese Thioantimonates(III): The First Example of the Thermal Transformation of an Amine‐Rich Thioantimonate into an Amine‐Poorer Thioantimonate.
Authors: Schaefer Michael , Naether Christian , Lehnert Nicolai , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Crystal Growth and Characterization of the Lanthanide‐Containing Double Perovskites Ln2NaIrO6 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd).
Authors: Davis Matthew J. , Mugavero Samuel J. III , Glab Katarzyna I. , Smith Mark D. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SmI2‐Mediated Reduction of γ,γ‐Difluoro‐α,β‐enoates with Application to the Synthesis of Functionalized (Z)‐Fluoroalkene‐Type Dipeptide Isosteres.
Authors: Otaka Akira , Watanabe Junko , Yukimasa Akira , Sasaki Yoshikazu , Watanabe Hideaki , Kinoshita Takayoshi , Oishi Shinya , Tamamura Hirokazu , Fujii Nobutaka 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses and in vitro Antitumor Activity of 3‐Amino‐N‐(4‐chlorobenzenesulfonyl)guanidine Derivatives Containing N′‐Arylidene Moiety.
Authors: Slawinski J. , Bednarski P. , Reszka P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkenyl‐β‐lactams by Palladium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2] Carbonylative Cycloaddition.
Authors: Troisi Luigino , De Vitis Luisella , Granito Catia , Epifani Erbana 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel approach for the introduction of a C‐1 oxygenated group on the decalin skeleton: first asymmetric total synthesis of 1S,6S‐dihydroxy‐eudesm‐3‐ene
Authors: Zheng Guojun , Chen Jinchun , Fang Lijing , Guan Yukun , Li Yulin 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a novel approach for the introduction of a C‐1 hydroxyl on the decalin ring system, starting from (−)‐carvone. Utilizing the substratecontrolled Mukaiyama aldol reaction and alkaline cyclization as key steps, the C‐1 oxygenated decalin eudesmane skeleton 2′ and its four isomers were synthesized efficiently. Furthermore, X‐ray structural analysis showed that the claimed structure for the natural product is incorrect. Chirality 16:483–485, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Verteilung von Naturstoffen auf koexistierende Flüssigphasen in Systemen bestehend aus Wasser, einem organischen Lösungsmittel und (nahekritischem) Ethen
Authors: Tuma D. , Freitag J. , Ulanowa T. W. , Maurer G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNo abstracts.
Prozessentwicklung in der Biotechnologie – Ein Rückblick
Authors: Schügerl K. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDie Übersicht behandelt einige Probleme der Entwicklung biotechnologischer Prozesse und stellt ihre Lösung an Beispielen dar, die in Kooperation mit der Industrie bearbeitet wurden. Diese Prozesse umfassen die Produktion von Restriktionsendonuclease EcoRI durch rekombinantes E. coli, Penicillin V durch Penicillium chrysogenum, Xylanase durch Aspergillus awamori, Cephalosporin C durch Acremonium chrysogenum, Erythrit durch Moniliella tomentosa var pollinis und alkalische Serin‐Protease durch Bacillus licheniformis. Hierbei werden insbesondere die praktischen Aspekte der Produktentwicklung hervorgehoben.
Adapting the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS) to mesothelioma
Authors: Hollen Patricia J. , Gralla Richard J. , Liepa Astra M. , Symanowski James T. , Rusthoven James J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe underpinning conceptual model for the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS), an instrument used to assess health‐related quality of life in patients with lung cancer, has been described elsewhere. The patient‐rated scale of the LCSS was modified slightly for patients with mesothelioma (LCSS‐Meso), because no other mesothelioma‐specific instrument was available.METHODSIn the current methodologic study, the authors tested the conceptual model for the LCSS‐Meso. Chemotherapy‐naive patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma who were participating in two clinical trials of pemetrexed (ALIMTA; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN) completed the scale twice before the start of therapy and once weekly during the trials. Three time points were analyzed: baseline, Day 40, and Day 82. Poisson regression was used to determine the contribution of predictive factors (i.e., symptoms) to the summary items (symptom distress, activity level, and global quality of life).RESULTSThe model was tested in 495 patients who had malignant pleural mesothelioma. More than 85% of patients reported pain, dyspnea, fatigue, and appetite loss. Pain, dyspnea, and fatigue were significant and stable predictors for all summary items; however, pain had a significant effect on global quality of life only through Day 40. Appetite loss was a significant and stable predictor of activity level and global quality of life. The explained variance for the model was 39–55%.CONCLUSIONSFurther support for the content validity of the LCSS‐Meso was obtained, as nearly all patients validated that the symptoms described in the scale captured their disease experience. The only exception was the hemoptysis item, which was removed based on the current large normative data set. Support for the construct validity of the LCSS‐Meso also was obtained. For both mesothelioma and lung cancer, the majority of factors within the LCSS model are relevant and have the expected amount of variability. These findings support the use of the LCSS as a sensitive instrument for serial measurement during clinical trials involving patients with lung malignancies. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The risk of venous thromboembolic disease associated with adjuvant hormone therapy for breast carcinoma
Authors: Deitcher Steven R. , Gomes Marcelo P. V. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTamoxifen therapy for patients with breast carcinoma is perceived as an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolic events (VTE), but the risk associated with other adjuvant therapies is less well recognized.METHODSThe authors conducted a computerized PubMed literature search for English‐language articles published between January 1966 and December 2003. Studies were analyzed with regard to trial design, breast carcinoma staging, adjuvant agent, definition of VTE outcomes, method of VTE case ascertainment, and the presence of concomitant VTE risk factors.RESULTSAccurate determination of VTE rates was impaired by the universal lack of routine assessments for asymptomatic VTE. Therefore, only the risk of symptomatic VTE could be derived. The risk of VTE was increased twofold to threefold during tamoxifen or raloxifene use for breast carcinoma chemoprevention. It remains unknown whether the risk is increased further in women with inherited hypercoagulable states. In the setting of early‐stage breast carcinoma, the risk of VTE is increased both with tamoxifen use and anastrozole use. Such risk appeared to be lower, albeit not negligible, with anastrozole. Significant methodologic limitations of all available studies in women with advanced‐stage breast carcinoma precluded determination of the true VTE risk associated with different adjuvant hormonal agents and made it nearly impossible to compare the risk between different drugs.CONCLUSIONSAll agents used for breast carcinoma chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy appear to increase the risk of VTE. Available data were insufficient to support any assumptions that newer hormonal forms of hormone manipulation are safer than tamoxifen in women with advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Oral capecitabine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Patt Yehuda Z. , Hassan Manal M. , Aguayo Alvaro , Nooka Ajay K. , Lozano Richard D. , Curley Steven A. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Ellis Lee M. , Schnirer Isac I. , Wolff Robert A. , Charnsangavej Chusilp , Brown Thomas D. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goal of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine in patients with nonresectable hepatobiliary carcinoma.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) who were ever treated with oral capecitabine. The medical records of 116 patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) between July 1998 and March 1999 were reviewed.RESULTSA total of 63 patients were treated with capecitabine (37 with HCC, 18 with CCA, 8 with GBC). Capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 was administered twice daily for 14 days. Treatment was repeated every 21 days. Each patient received 1–15 treatment cycles. Nine patients (14%)—11% of patients with HCC, 6% of patients with CCA, and 50% of patients with GBC—had either a complete response (CR) or a partial response. A CR was radiologically confirmed in one patient with HCC and in two patients with GBC. The median survival times were 10.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5–15.7 months) for patients with HCC, 8.1 months (95% CI, 7.4–8.9 months) for patients with CCA, and 9.9 months (95% CI, 4.4–15.4 months) for patients with GBC. The most common toxicity was hand‐foot syndrome (37%). Grade 3 thrombocytopenia occurred in 8% of patients with HCC. No other significant toxicities were observed. For all patients, response to treatment was positively correlated with survival and decline in tumor markers.CONCLUSIONSCapecitabine was found to be safe for patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma, including those with cirrhosis. The antitumor activity of single‐agent capecitabine was most pronounced in patients with GBC, was modest in patients with HCC, and was poor in patients with CCA. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Synovial sarcoma: A retrospective analysis of 271 patients of all ages treated at a single institution
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Gronchi Alessandro , Casanova Michela , Meazza Cristina , Gandola Lorenza , Collini Paola , Lozza Laura , Bertulli Rossella , Olmi Patrizia , Casali Paolo G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe optimal treatment strategy for synovial sarcoma (SS) is subject to debate, and different strategies have been used for pediatric and adult patients. The current retrospective analysis examined a large group of patients of all ages who were treated at a single institution over a 30‐year period.METHODSThe study included 271 patients who ranged in age from 5 years to 87 years; 255 had localized disease, which was macroscopically resected in 215 cases and deemed unresectable at diagnosis in 40 cases. Chemotherapy was administered to 41% of patients, corresponding to 76% of patients age ≤ 16 years and < 20% of older patients; 28% of patients with macroscopically resected disease received chemotherapy on an adjuvant basis.RESULTSThe 5‐year event‐free survival rate for the study cohort as a whole was 37%, although this rate varied with age (66%, 40%, and 31% for patients age ≤ 16 years, 17–30 years, and > 30 years, respectively). Chemotherapy was used more commonly for children than for adults. Among patients with surgically resected disease, the 5‐year metastasis‐free survival (MFS) rate was 60% for those who were treated with chemotherapy and 48% for those who were not; the benefit associated with chemotherapy use appeared to be greatest for patients age ≥ 17 years who had tumors measuring > 5 cm (MFS, 47% [chemotherapy] vs. 27% [no chemotherapy]). In the subgroup of patients with measurable disease, the rate of tumor response to chemotherapy was approximately 48%.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the authors await more convincing proof of the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of adult soft tissue sarcoma, they recommend that patients with high‐risk SS (tumor size > 5 cm) be the first to be considered for this type of treatment. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The prevalence of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Ezzat Shereen , Asa Sylvia L. , Couldwell William T. , Barr Charles E. , Dodge William E. , Vance Mary Lee , McCutcheon Ian E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPituitary adenomas display an array of hormonal and proliferative activity. Once primarily classified according to size (microadenomas, < 1 cm; macroadenomas, ≥ 1 cm), these tumors are now further classified according to immunohistochemistry and functional status. With these additional classifications in mind, the goals of the current study were to determine the prevalence of pituitary adenomas and to explore the clinical relevance of the findings.METHODSThe authors conducted a metaanalysis of all existing English‐language articles in MEDLINE. They used the search string (pituitary adenoma or pituitary tumor) and prevalence and selected relevant autopsy and imaging evaluation studies for inclusion.RESULTSThe authors found an overall estimated prevalence of pituitary adenomas of 16.7% (14.4% in autopsy studies and 22.5% in radiologic studies).CONCLUSIONSGiven the high frequency of pituitary adenomas and their potential for causing clinical pathologies, the findings of the current study suggest that early diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas should have far‐reaching benefits. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Expression of calcium transporters in the retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum)
Authors: Križaj David , Liu Xiaorong , Copenhagen David R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractChanges in intracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, modulate the flow of visual signals across all stages of processing in the retina, yet the identities of Ca2+ transporters responsible for these changes are still largely unknown. In the current study, the distribution of plasma membrane and intracellular Ca2+ transporters in the retina of tiger salamander, a model system for physiological studies of retinal function, was determined. Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs), responsible for high‐affinity Ca2+ extrusion, were highly expressed in the salamander retina. PMCA isoforms 1, 2, and 4 were localized to photoreceptors, whereas the inner retina expressed all four isoforms. PMCA3 was expressed in a sparse population of amacrine and ganglion neurons, whereas PMCA2 was expressed in most amacrine and ganglion cells. Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, a high‐capacity Ca2+ extrusion system, were expressed in the outer plexiform layer and in a subset of inner nuclear and ganglion layer cells. Intracellular Ca2+ store transporters were also represented prominently. SERCA2a, a splice variant of the sarcoplasmic‐endoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase, was found mostly in photoreceptors, whereas SERCA2b was found in the majority of retinal neurons and in glial cells. The predominant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ channels in the salamander retina are represented by the isoform 2 of the IP3 receptor family and the isoform 2 of the ryanodine receptor family. These results indicate that Ca2+ transporters in the salamander retina are expressed in a cell type‐specific manner. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:463–480, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and regulation of an FMRFamide‐related neuropeptide gene family in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kim Kyuhyung , Li Chris 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFMRFamide (Phe‐Met‐Arg‐Phe‐NH2) and related peptides (FaRPs) have been found throughout the animal kingdom, where they are involved in many behaviors. We previously identified 22 genes comprising the flp gene family that encodes FaRPs in Caenorhabditis elegans; in this paper we report the identification of another flp gene, flp‐23. As a first step toward determining their functional roles in C. elegans, we examined the cell‐specific expression pattern of the flp gene family. Of the 19 flp genes examined, each gene is expressed in a distinct set of cells; these cells include interneurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons that are involved in multiple behaviors, as well as supporting cells, muscle cells, and epidermal cells. Several flp genes show sex‐specific expression patterns. Furthermore, we find that expression of two flp genes changes in response to the developmental state of the animal. Many neurons express multiple flp genes. To investigate how flp genes are regulated in different neuronal subtypes, we examined flp expression in a small, well‐defined subset of neurons, the mechanosensory neurons. Mutations in the unc‐86 and mec‐3 genes, which are necessary for the production and differentiation of the mechanosensory neurons, result in the complete loss of flp‐4, flp‐8, and flp‐20 expression in mechanosensory neurons. Collectively, these data indicate that members of the flp gene family are likely to influence multiple behaviors and that their regulation can be dependent on the developmental state of the organism. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:540–550, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Form and function in the unique inner ear of a teleost: The silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura)
Authors: Ramcharitar John Umar , Deng Xiaohong , Ketten Darlene , Popper Arthur N. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMembers of the teleost family Sciaenidae show significant variation in inner ear and swim bladder morphology as well as in the relationship between the swim bladder and the inner ear. In the silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), a Stellifer‐group sciaenid, both the saccular and utricular otoliths are enlarged relative to those in other teleosts. Additionally, its swim bladder is two‐chambered, and the anterior chamber surrounds the otic capsule and terminates lateral to the saccules. Structure and function of the auditory system of the silver perch were explored by using gross dissections, scanning electron microscopy, CT scan reconstruction, and auditory brainstem response approach. Several morphological specializations of the auditory system of the silver perch were found, including expansion of the utricular and lagenar otoliths, close proximity between the saccules and the utricles, deeply grooved sulci on the saccular otoliths, two‐planar saccular sensory epithelia, and a unique orientation pattern of sensory hair cell ciliary bundles on the saccular sensory epithelium. It was determined that the silver perch can detect up to 4 kHz, with lowest auditory thresholds between 600 Hz and 1 kHz. Audition in the silver perch is comparable to that in the goldfish (Carassius auratus), a hearing “specialist.” The morphological specializations of the inner ear and swim bladder of the silver perch may be linked to its enhanced hearing capabilities. The findings of this study support the proposal that sciaenids are excellent model species for investigating structure–function relations in the teleost auditory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:531–539, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The postsynaptic scaffold proteins ProSAP1/Shank2 and Homer1 are associated with glutamate receptor complexes at rat retinal synapses
Authors: Brandstätter Johann Helmut , Dick Oliver , Boeckers Tobias M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe postsynaptic density (PSD) at glutamatergic synapses is a macromolecular complex of various molecules that organize the different glutamate receptors spatially and link them to their appropriate downstream signaling pathways and to the cytoskeleton. Recently, a new family of multidomain proteins called Shanks or ProSAPs (proline‐rich synapse‐associated proteins) has been identified. They are suggested to be central adaptor proteins of the PSD of glutamatergic synapses, bridging different types of glutamate receptor complexes. With immunocytochemistry and light and electron microscopy, we examined the cellular, synaptic, and postnatal developmental expression of ProSAP1/Shank2 at the synapses of rat retina. With double‐labeling experiments and confocal microscopy, we analyzed the association of ProSAP1/Shank2 with proteins specific for glutamatergic, glycinergic, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapses and with proteins known to be involved in the structural and functional organization of PSDs containing N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors [95‐kDa postsynaptic density protein (PSD‐95)], group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (Homer1), and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors [glutamate receptor‐interacting protein (GRIP)]. ProSAP1/Shank2 was present postsynaptically at the glutamatergic ribbon synapses of photoreceptor and bipolar cells, and it was absent from glycinergic and GABAergic amacrine cell synapses. The double‐labeling experiments revealed a high rate of colocalization of ProSAP1/Shank2 with Homer1 and PSD‐95, and little colocalization with GRIP. These data suggest that ProSAP1/Shank2 acts as an organizer at PSDs of different glutamatergic retinal synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:551–563, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.