bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of food or cover removal on spacing patterns and habitat use in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: Cimino Luca , Lovari Sandro 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe knowledge of the ability of a species to adapt to a human‐altered environment is important for developing wildlife management plans and, in turn, for conservation of the species. Radio‐tracking was used to examine the effects of partial food or cover removal (owing to agricultural changes) on the spacing patterns and habitat use of adult roe deer Capreolus capreolus in a mixed wood/agricultural Mediterranean area, during spring–summer 1996–97. For both sexes, there were no changes in home‐range and core‐area sizes, or in inter‐fix distances, after food (field ploughing) or cover (crop harvesting) removal. After food removal, both sexes shifted their home ranges and core areas, spending more time in woodland and less time in the ploughed field. This suggests a change in feeding habits. In addition, similar responses by males and females indicate that their energetic requirements are comparable during the territorial/reproductive period. After removal of cover, males neither shifted their home ranges and core areas, nor changed their habitat use, whereas females responded with significant shifts (by c. 90%) of the core area, and a significant decrease in the proportion of daytime spent in the harvested field. Thus, crop harvesting in this period (May/June) has different effects on the two sexes, with adult females being much less tolerant than males. Differential responses to cover removal were related to the different security requirements of the two sexes around the period of parturition.
Optical properties affecting the radiant energy of an oak forest
Authors: Liakatas A , Proutsos N , Alexandris S 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe amount of solar radiation absorbed, reflected or transmitted by vegetation depends on the radiation distribution and the canopy properties. This study of the optical properties of an oak forest under foliated and non‐foliated conditions is attempted in order to better understand radiation use and exchange. Canopy absorptivity, reflectivity and transmittivity to global solar and photosynthetically active radiation (S and PAR, respectively) are considered. To estimate the forest optical properties, radiation measurements above and below the canopy were taken in the middle of a 0.97 km2 natural, slightly sloped, 50‐year‐old, oak forest in the Northern Peloponese, Greece.It was found that the greatest part of the incident S is absorbed by the foliated or non‐foliated canopy. In the first case, absorptivity is close to 0.7, with reflectivity and transmittivity sharing the remaining portion. Before leaf appearance, although reflectivity may be only a little lower, transmittivity is considerably higher, allowing more than 40% of the incoming radiation to reach the ground. PAR is absorbed to an even higher degree by the green elements of the canopy, allowing only a 5% radiation loss, via transmission, since canopy reflectivity is practically zero. The ground contribution to the canopy short‐wave radiation balance is small during the dense foliation period, but it becomes considerable during the leafless period. Especially when considering the balance in the PAR region, the ground has no effect. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
A pilot study of PTSD symptoms among Kalahari Bushmen
Authors: McCall George J. , Resick Patricia A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study reflects an attempt to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a radically nonwestern culture, that of the Kalahari Bushmen, the Ju/'hoansi. After translating DSM‐IV PTSD symptoms into their difficult and click‐laden language, potential participants were nominated by village elders who were aware of domestic violence and symptoms during the preceding year. Ten men and 10 women, identified as meeting Criteria A, E, and F, were interviewed regarding their symptoms. Thirty‐five percent of the sample met the criteria for PTSD for incidents occurring within the past year. All participants met the reexperiencing and arousal criteria but many otherwise distressed participants did not meet the avoidance criterion for PTSD. These results compare closely with PTSD assessments in other non‐Western societies, while providing some empirical support of two new ideas about how the avoidance behaviors in such societies might be reconciled with information‐processing theories of PTSD.
GLUT‐1 deficiency without epilepsy—an exceptional case
Authors: Overweg‐Plandsoen W. C. G. , Groener J. E. M. , Wang D. , Onkenhout W. , Brouwer O. F. , Bakker H. D. , De Vivo D. C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe GLUT‐1 deficiency is a metabolic disorder caused by a defect in glucose transport across the blood–brain barrier as a result of a defect in the glucose‐transport protein. Patients present with epileptic seizures, delayed development, ataxia and hypotonia, and in many cases acquired microcephaly. In most patients, treatment with a ketogenic diet proved to be successful in controlling the epilepsy. We report a 9‐year‐old boy with retardation and ataxia, but without epilepsy, caused by GLUT‐1 deficiency, proven biochemically and by DNA analysis. Treatment with a medium‐chain triglyceride ketogenic diet had a beneficial effect.
No evidence of attentional deficits in stabilized bipolar youth relative to unipolar and control comparators
Authors: Robertson Heather A , Kutcher Stanley P , Lagace Diane C 
Published: October 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the presence or absence of attentional problems and prior diagnosis of ADHD in a cohort of stabilized bipolar I relative to unipolar and normal control.Method: Indices of attention were obtained from bipolar (n = 44), unipolar (n = 30), and normal controls (n = 45). Measures included: Freedom from Distractibility (FD) Composite Index of the WISC III, Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and a checklist measure of subjective cognitive/attentional problems (SIP‐AV).Results: Bipolar (6.8%), unipolar (10%), and no control youth report a prior diagnosis of ADHD. No significant group or sex differences were observed on FD Composite Index, various CPT indices, or the WCST. Despite normative attentional function by objective testing, subjectively experienced cognitive problems in the clinical probands were reported.Conclusions: This cohort of well‐functioning bipolar youth diagnosed on average 3–4 years prior to assessment do not possess attentional deficits based on a variety of objective tests compared to unipolar or control youth, but self report subjective difficulties in attentional/problem solving ability. In contrast to other authors, we do not find that bipolar youth have high rates of comorbid ADHD.
An overview of recent findings of the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network (Part I)
Authors: Post Robert M , Leverich Gabriele S , Altshuler Lori L , Frye Mark A , Suppes Trisha M , Keck Paul E , McElroy Susan L , Kupka Ralph , Nolen Willem A , Grunze Heinz , Walden Jorg 
Published: October 2003

Aim and Methods: Selected recent findings of the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network are briefly reviewed and their clinical implications discussed.Results: Daily prospective ratings on the NIMH‐LCM indicate a high degree of residual depressive morbidity (three times that of hypomania or mania) despite active psychopharmacological treatment with a variety of modalities including mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines, as well as antipsychotics as necessary. The rates of switching into brief to full hypomania or mania during the use of antidepressants is described, and new data suggesting the potential utility of continuing antidepressants in the small group of patients showing an initial acute and persistent response is noted. Bipolar patients with a history of major environmental adversities in childhood have a more severe course of illness and an increased incidence of suicide attempts compared with those without. Preliminary open data suggest useful antidepressant effects of the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine, while a double‐blind randomized controlled study failed to show efficacy of omega‐3 fatty acids (6 g of eicosapentaenoic acid compared with placebo for 4 months) in the treatment of either acute depression or rapid cycling. The high prevalence of overweight and increased incidence of antithyroid antibodies in patients with bipolar illness is highlighted.Conclusions: Together, these findings suggest a very high degree of comorbidity and treatment resistance in outpatients with bipolar illness treated in academic settings and the need to develop not only new treatment approaches, but also much earlier illness recognition, diagnosis, and intervention in an attempt to reverse or prevent this illness burden.
Nodular granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a bone marrow transplant recipient
Authors: Leroy Xavier , Copin Marie‐Christine , RAMON PHILIPPE , Jouet Jean‐Pierre , Gosselin Bernard 
Published: October 2003

We report a case of nodular granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation.The patient was a 40‐year‐old man who had undergone bone marrow transplantation for myeloblastic acute leukemia. He presented with fever, dyspnea and bilateral diffuse nodular infiltration of the lungs. Bronchoalveolar lavage was negative. Open lung biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed a granulomatous reaction with central necrosis surrounded by epithelioid and giant cells. Toluidine blue and Gomori‐Grocott stains identified a few P. carinii. Mycobacterial and fungal cultures were negative. A granulomatous reaction is rarely observed and almost only in HIV‐infected patients. To our knowledge this is the first description in a bone marrow transplant recipient.
Expression of RNAs encoding for α and β integrin subunits in periodontitis and in cyclosporin A gingival overgrowth
Authors: Bolcato‐Bellemin A.‐L. , Elkaim R. , Tenenbaum H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackground: Variation of integrin expression in healthy and diseased gingiva revealed a potential biological role for these cell matrix receptors during gingival remodeling.Aim: Here we determined the level of RNA and tissue localization of different integrin subunits in periodontitis and cyclosporin A‐induced gingival overgrowth.Methods: The level of expression was determined by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction in 12 periodontitis‐affected patients, four patients exhibiting severe cyclosporin A‐induced gingival overgrowth and seven healthy patients as controls.Results: The RNA encoding for β1, α2 and α5 integrin subunits were reduced in periodontitis gingiva. The reduction observed was stronger in cyclosporin A‐treated patients as compared to the healthy controls, while RNA encoding for α1 subunit was increased. The RNA encoding for α6 integrin was only reduced in cyclosporin A‐treated gingiva. Immunohistochemistry showed that i) integrin α2 expression is restricted to the gingival epithelium of cyclosporin A‐treated patients, ii) the reduction of α6 integrin expression in cyclosporin A‐treated gingiva is due to loss of expression at focal contacts and iii) β1 integrin is evenly distributed in the three populations with an intensity decrease in periodontitis and cyclosporin A‐treated gingiva.Conclusion: Taken together these results showed a role for the integrin receptors in periodontal diseases and cyclosporin A‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Gm (23) allotypes and Fcγ receptor genotypes as risk factors for various forms of periodontitis
Authors: Chung Hsien‐Yang , Lu Hsi‐Chi , Chen Woan‐Ling , Lu Chun‐Tai , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Tsai Chi‐Cheng 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectives: Given the diversity of the distribution of the Gm (23) allotypes and FcγR genotypes in different ethnic groups, it was our purpose to examine their clinical significance in periodontitis in Taiwan.Material & Methods: Genomic DNA of 50 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 30 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AP) and 74 healthy controls were harvested. The Gm (23) allotypes were determined by radial immunodiffusion test, and the FcγR IIa (CD32) and IIIb (CD16) genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction‐based allele‐specific oligonucleotide hybridization.Results: The overall carrier rate of the Gm (23+) allotype was higher than 85%, and the Gm (23−) allotype was statistically over‐represented in patients with CP compared to the controls. There were no differences in the distributions of the three genotypes of FcγR IIa and IIIb among the three tested groups. The frequency of the R131 allele of the FcγR IIa polymorphisms was higher in G‐AP than in CP when R/H allelic frequencies (p=0.01) were examined by the χ2 test.Conclusion: The Gm (23−) allotype might be a potential risk factor for CP. Although the R131 allele of FcγR IIa occurred more frequently in G‐AP than in CP, its clinical significance could not be justified in this study.
Perceived risk of deteriorating periodontal conditions
Authors: Rutger Persson G. , Attström Rolf , Lang Niklaus P. , Page Roy C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackground: Interpretation of risk for periodontitis is critical for treatment planning. How periodontists assess risk for periodontitis is unclear.Purpose: To study (1) what factors periodontists use when assessing the risks for worsening periodontal conditions anticipating that no treatment would be provided, and (2) if risk assessment is consistent and independent of specialty background training.Material and Methods: Medical history, clinical dental data, full‐mouth intra‐oral radiographs, and slide pictures were obtained from each of 51 subjects, and the information was provided to 23 examiners.Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 51.5 years (SD±17.7, range 23–81), with 28 women included. In 10 of the subjects, only gingivitis was identified, while 22 subjects had advanced chronic periodontitis. Risk scores assigned for 2 and 4 years differed significantly between European‐ and US‐trained periodontists (p<0.001) and between graduate students in training and periodontists from either the US or Europe (p<0.01) (Wilcoxon n‐pair test), with European periodontists scoring the lowest risks. Risk scores were correlated between groups (p<0.01 with ρ range 0.82–0.89) (Spearman's rank correlation). The best‐fit model (r2=0.86) to assess perceived risk for worsening periodontal conditions based on data from all examiners combined included the following variables: (1) overall horizontal alveolar bone loss (p<0.000), (2) age‐adjusted proportional radiographic bone height score for the worst site (p<0.000), and (3) proportion of pocket probing depths 6.0 mm.Conclusions: Differences exist on the scale of risk values based on specialty training. Consistency in scoring patterns exists. The examiners based their assigned risk scores almost exclusively on measures of existing disease severity, including radiographic bone loss and numbers of periodontal pockets 6.0 mm, and excluding most known risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene.
Geometrical capillary network analysis
Authors: Sainthillier Jean‐Marie , Degouy Arnaud , Gharbi Tijani , Pieralli Christian , Humbert Philippe 
Published: October 2003

Background: Skin microcirculation, especially the superficial network, can be assessed by a computer capillary video microscope system. The study of morphology and dynamics of microcirculation must include all dynamic and cooperative processes between the capillaries. For characterizing capillary ensembles, the statistical and geometrical properties of the network need to be explored.Methods: The microvaculature of the skin and the microcirculation were investigated by combining videocapillaroscopy (VCP) and image processing techniques based on computational geometry and graph theory. Our goal was to characterize the capillary network in noisy pictures of the scalp. Different geometric methods were developed, based on proximity parameters (distance and surface) in order to circumscribe and construct this network.Results: By studying the distribution of these parameters, extreme values or outliers, which usually correspond to artifact subregions in the pictures could be eliminated. Different algorithms were developed and has been implemented in an image processing software (Capilab Toolbox).Conclusion: This computerized system is capable of real‐time processings, increasing the quality of videocapillaroscope images and minimizing the disturbance of artifacts. The algorithms presented here are easy to implement and can process any kind of images of the skin, even in the scalp. In association with an example‐based detection system, this method can be generalized to other stimuli in the same conditions.
Assessment of skin viability: is it necessary to use different methodologies?
Authors: Messager Syndie , Hann A.C. , Goddard P.A. , Dettmar P.W. , Maillard J.‐Y. 
Published: October 2003

Background/aim: Skin is complex and may display variable structural and metabolic change ‘ex vivo’. The present study aimed to follow measures of skin viability and evaluate their usefulness as markers of viability.Materials and methods: We evaluated the viability of skin samples fresh or after being frozen and subsequently thawed. Assessments included histopathological appearance, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, oxygen consumption and skin pH.Results: Morphological investigations of fresh and frozen skin samples using light and electron microscopy showed samples with relatively well‐defined epidermis and dermis. Frozen samples showed some sign of stratum corneum fragmentation, although this was not obvious. LDH activity measured in fresh samples kept at 4°C was low, but it was stable up to 7 days. Fresh samples kept at 32°C had a comparable LDH activity to the ones kept in the fridge up to 4 days. Frozen samples, thawed and then kept at 4°C showed a stable LDH activity after 24 h of incubation. However, frozen samples incubated at 32°C demonstrated a high variability in results, with up to 800 U/L of LDH activity after 5 days of incubation. Freshly excised as well as freshly thawed samples showed the highest respiration rates. Fresh and thawed samples stored for a long period of time had a significantly lower (sometimes non‐existent) oxygen consumption rate. Our results also showed an increase in the oxygen consumption rate of fresh samples being incubated at 32°C for 24 h. The oxygen consumption rate for all samples reached a plateau within the 15‐min measurement period and even the fresh samples did not deplete all the oxygen from the medium. Skin samples ex vivo showed a significantly higher pH than human skin in vivo, and when incubated for 46 h at 32°C, fresh samples had a significantly lower pH than frozen samples. All protocols were reproducible and freshly excised and freshly thawed skin samples showed the highest rates of viability.Conclusion: ex vivo skin shows variation of several parameters over time. It is recommended to use two or three techniques for evaluation of skin viability including at least oxygen measurement and an enzyme assay.
The Arabidopsis mutant iop1 exhibits induced over‐expression of the plant defensin gene PDF1.2 and enhanced pathogen resistance
Authors: Penninckx Iris A. M. A. , Eggermont Kristel , Schenk Peer M. , Van den Ackerveken Guido , Cammue Bruno P. A. , Thomma Bart P. H. J. 
Published: October 2003

SUMMARYJasmonate and ethylene are concomitantly involved in the induction of the Arabidopsis plant defensin gene PDF1.2. To define genes in the signal transduction pathway leading to the induction of PDF1.2, we screened for mutants with induced over‐expression of a β‐glucuronidase reporter, under the control of the PDF1.2 promoter. One mutant, iop1 (induced over‐expressor of PDF1.2) produced small plants that showed induced over‐expression of the pathogenesis‐related genes PR‐3, PR‐4 and PR‐1,2 (PDF1.2), combined with a down‐regulated induction of PR‐1 upon pathogen inoculation. The iop1 mutant showed enhanced resistance to a number of necrotrophic pathogens.
Role of increased insulin demand in the adaptation of the endocrine pancreas to pregnancy
Authors: NIEUWENHUIZEN A. G. , SCHUILING G. A. , MOES H. , KOITER T. R. 
Published: October 2003

Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Schuiling, G. A., Moes, H. & Koiter, T. R. 1997. Role of increased insulin demand in the adaptation of the endocrine pancreas to pregnancy. Acta Physiol Scand 159, 303–312. Received 8 July 1996, accepted 24 October 1996. ISSN 0001–6772. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.During gestation the demand for insulin increases due to a decrease in insulin sensitivity of the maternal tissues. Simultaneously, pancreatic islet‐cell proliferation, as well as insulin production and secretion increase. Both phenomena appear to be caused by the actions of pregnancy hormones. We studied the relationship between the two phenomena by investigating whether the supply of exogenous insulin affects the secretion of pregnancy hormones and islet function during gestation. For that purpose rats were treated with high doses of insulin (4.8 IU day−1 by sub‐cutaneous osmotic mini pumps) so that the endogenous demand for insulin was fully satisfied from day 8–14 of gestation. Euglycaemia (5.0 mm) was maintained by intra venous infusion of glucose. The treatment suppressed insulin synthesis, as measured by in situ hybridization, in both pregnant and cyclic rats. In addition, in pregnant rats the increments in insulin secretion and in islet‐cell proliferation were partly prevented. Furthermore, the data also suggest that in pregnant rats the treatment partly prevented the decrease in insulin sensitivity. Finally, the treatment did not affect the plasma concentrations of progesterone, prolactin and placental lactogen, but prevented the rise in growth hormone concentrations in pregnant rats. The present data suggest that, next to direct effects of pregnancy hormones and growth hormone on the pancreatic islets, a decreased insulin sensitivity in the maternal tissues, induced by actions of the same hormones, is involved in the regulation of islet function during gestation.
Endoscopic methods for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: COHEN H. , LAINE L. 
Published: October 2003

This article reviews endoscopic methods for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. At the time of endoscopy certain findings (gastroduodenal ulceration and/or antral nodularity) may be highly suggestive of H. pylori infection. Endoscopic acquisition of gastric biopsies, however, leads to a definitive diagnosis of infection on the basis of both direct and indirect tests.Direct tests include culture and histological detection (considered the gold standard). There are a variety of stains available for the detection of H. pylori; their choice is influenced by local expertise and the clinical situation. If at least three biopsies are obtained from non‐adjacent gastric sites, incorrect assessment of H. pylori status should be rare.Indirect methods utilize the detection of urease. The three biopsy rapid urease tests commercially available in the USA have similar performance characteristics, except that two are gel tests requiring up to 24 h to read, while one is a strip test which is read up to 1 h. Specificity is excellent for these tests, while sensitivity is more variable. Rapid urease tests are the endoscopic tests of choice for initial evaluation due to their low cost.