bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term evolution of autoreactive T cell repertoire in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vergelli M. , Mazzanti B. , Traggiai E. , Biagioli T. , Ballerini C. , Parigi A. , Konse A. , Pellicanò G. , Massacesi L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractT cells reactive to self‐antigens are present in the peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune diseases as well as in healthy subjects. Although T cell‐response to the self‐myelin antigen myelin basic protein (MBP) has been widely investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, very little is known about the evolution over time of this response and its correlation with the disease activity. In recent years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have provided new tools for following the inflammatory activity in the central nervous system (CNS) of MS patients. In the present study the T cell response to MBP was longitudinally investigated in terms of frequency, epitope specificity, and cytokine production profile in four patients with relapsing‐remitting MS enrolled in a gadolinium‐enhanced MRI serial study. In spite of different profiles of inflammatory activity within the CNS, all the patients examined showed major changes in their reactivity to MBP during the follow‐up period in terms of both frequency and epitope specificity. Episodic expansions of MBP‐specific T cell populations were observed in each patient, and overall they did not correlate with disease activity. In these patients the expansions: 1) occurred in the context of a steady level of disease activity, 2) correlated with a burst of CNS inflammation, 3) followed the appearance of a new active lesion, and 4) were observed even in the absence of detectable signs of CNS inflammation during the entire follow‐up period. These results suggest that the evolution over time of the T cell response to a self‐antigen such as MBP is more complex than previously expected. The short‐term repertoire dynamics of autoreactive T cells in MS underscore the importance of longitudinal studies for evaluating autoreactivity to myelin antigens and probably to any self‐antigen in other autoimmune diseases. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:517–524, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late Quaternary glaciation in Southern Africa: moraine ridges and glacial deposits at Mount Enterprise in the Drakensberg of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Lewis Colin A. , Illgner Peter M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLate Quaternary moraines and diamictons containing striated clasts are described from near Elliot in the Drakensberg of South Africa. An equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of 2109 m is suggested for the palaeoglacier associated with the innermost moraine. This glacier was fed by a very extensive snowblow area and the ELA may reflect the temperature–precipitation–wind ELA rather than the temperature–precipitation ELA and be considerably below the ‘regional’ ELA. Mean annual air temperatures when glaciation occurred were probably at least 10.0°C below those of the present. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraoperative and early postoperative chemotherapy into the abdominal cavity using gemcitabine may prevent postoperative occurence of peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Ridwelski Karsten , Meyer Frank , Hribaschek Arndt , Kasper Udo , Lippert Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMalignant tumors of various abdominal organs are blamed to be the cause of death in approximately 40% of cases per year in Western Europe. At the time of death, about half of them show peritoneal carcinomatosis which is considered an unfavorable prognostic factor. In case of peritoneal carcinomatosis, there is no curative treatment available for any of the tumors in the abdominal cavity. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the preventive potential of intra‐operative or early postoperative local adminstration of gemcitabine into the abdominal cavity against peritoneal carcinomatosis.MethodsPeritoneal carcinomatosis was induced in male WAG rats (n = 18) by transfer of 5 × 106 cells of the adenocarcinoma cell line CC‐531 via minilaparotomy carried out in all rats under general anesthesia. Thirty days after cell transfer, rats were sacrificed and peritoneal carcinomatosis was confirmed using histologic investigation in specimens obtained from the peritoneal site. Extension of this carcinomatosis was quantified by (i) counting tumor nodes per square centimeter (mean of several counts) and (ii) determining tumor weight (weight of the greater omentum plus the resected mesentery). Rats were subdivided into three groups (n = 6 per group): group 1 (controls); group 2, simultaneously with tumor cell transfer 24 mg/kg of gemictabine were administered into the abdominal cavity; group 3, postoperative intraperitoneal irrigation with 24 mg/kg of gemictabine was achieved via a previously implanted port‐a‐cath on days(d) 15, 21, and 27.ResultsOn the 30th postoperative day, all six animals of the control group showed extensive tumor growth at the peritoneum and greater omentum, indicating carcinomatosis. In contrast, none of the rats of group 2 revealed any traces of intraperitoneal tumor growth. While all rats of group 3 demonstrated intraperitoneal tumor growth, but early postoperative treatment with gemcitabine, however, resulted in a significant reduction of the number of tumor nodes and tumor weight in comparison with group 1 (controls).ConclusionsImmediate, i.e., simultaneous intraoperative application of a cytostatic agent such as gemcitabine into the abdominal cavity may completely prevent the generation of peritoneal carcinomatosis from occuring tumor cells, whereas early postoperative locoregional chemotherapy into the abdominal cavity can only reduce the severity of the peritoneal carcinomatosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:10–16. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of neural cell adhesion molecules (polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule and L1‐cell adhesion molecule) on resected small cell lung cancer specimens: In relation to proliferation state
Authors: Miyahara Ryo , Tanaka Fumihiro , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Matsuoka Katsunari , Isii Kazuhiro , Wada Hiromi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Alteration of homotypic cell–cell adhesion has been suggested to play an important role in tumor progression. The present study examined the relationship between neural cell adhesion molecules and state of proliferation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells.Methods:Seventeen surgically resected specimens of SCLC were immunohistochemically examined, by using monoclonal antibodies against neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its polysialic acid side chains, and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1‐CAM). Ki‐67 labeling indices were also determined immunohistochemically.Results:All patients were positive for L1‐CAM. Fifteen patients (88.2%) were positive for NCAM. Among the fifteen patients, nine (60.0%) were positive for NCAM PSA side chain. The probability of survival of the NCAM without PSA side chain group was significantly higher than that of the NCAM with PSA side chain group (log‐rank test; P = 0.500).Conclusions:The expression of NCAM with PSA side chains might be a prognostic factor and NCAM a marker for SCLC. L1‐CAM may be synthesized independent of state of proliferation of individual tumor cell and may affect clinical feature of SCLC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:49–54. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a neovagina using the sigmoid colon thirty years after operation: A case report
Authors: Hiroi Hisahiko , Yasugi Toshiharu , Matsumoto Koji , Fujii Tomoyuki , Watanabe Toshiaki , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Taketani Yuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground:Because of a relative rarity of the cases with an artificial vagina, the incidence of a case with malignant disease arising in the neovagina is extremely rare. A case of adenocarcinoma arising from a neovagina is presented with a review of the literature.Case:A neovagina was constructed using the sigmoid colon at the age of 23 for congenital agenesis of the vagina, Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome. Subsequently, the patient had regular sexual intercourse for about 20 years. At the age of 53, she came to our outpatient clinic with a complaint of vaginal bleeding, and adenocarcinoma was found at the anterior wall of the neovagina adjoining the introitus. Total resection of the neovagina and adjuvant radiotherapy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was mucinous adenocarcinoma.Conclusions:In view of relatively low incidence of mucinous carcinoma arising in the sigmoid colon along with the ectopic localization, this case may have implications for the understanding of pathogenesis of sigmoid colon cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:61–64. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of solvent structure on the aquation of K‐chloro(diethylenetriamine)(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III) ion in water and mixed aqueous solvents
Authors: El‐Subruiti Gehan M. , Chehata Aziza K. , Massoud Salah S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aquation of K‐[Co(dien)(en)Cl]2+ was followed spectrophotometrically within the temperature range (40–60°C) in water, water–isopropyl alcohol, and water–tert‐butyl alcohol media of varying solvent composition up to 50 and 60 vol% of the organic solvent component respectively. The nonlinear plot of log k vs. D−1s was attributed to the differential solvation of the initial and transition states. The variation of ΔH≠, ΔS≠, and ΔG≠ with the mole fraction of the organic component was analyzed and discussed. The isokinetic temperatures were found to be 330 and 317 K for water–isopropyl alcohol and water–tert‐butly alcohol mixtures respectively, indicating that the aquation reaction is entropy controlled. The application of free energy cycle at 25°C for the aquation reaction in both co‐solvents suggests that the transition state is more stable than the initial one. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 1–6, 2002
Kinetics and mechanism of thermal gas‐phase elimination of 2‐aryloxyacetic acid
Authors: Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , Kumar Ajith , Chuchani Gabriel , Herize Armando 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRates of thermal gas‐phase elimination of eleven 2‐aryloxyacetic acid have been measured over a 45°C temperature range for each compound. Hammett correlation of the present kinetic data with the literature σ0 values of the given substituents gave a reaction ρ constant of 0.69 at 600 K; this is more than that for the gas‐phase elimination parameter of 2‐aryloxypropanoic acid (ρ = 0.26) and consistent with a transition state with some charge separation, suggesting a partial formation of carbocation. The implications of this observation for the thermal gas‐phase elimination of α‐aryloxycarboxylic acids are considered. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 612–616, 2001
Anatomy of a failed knowledge management initiative: lessons from PharmaCorp's experiences
Authors: Braganza Ashley , Möllenkramer Gerald J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOn a sunny morning in July 1999, Samuel Parsons, Head of Knowledge Management at PharmaCorp, convened his regular Monday team meeting. He looked stressed. After dealing with a couple of administrative issues he said: ‘Last Friday evening I was informed that Wilco Smith, Head of Pharma Global Order Handling Services, no longer wants knowledge management. His only question now is how to off‐board the knowledge management staff.’ Thus came to an end a three‐year initiative that at the outset was considered to be ‘theknowledge management showcase for the firm’. This paper is for managers who have an interest in operationalizing knowledgeandwant to avoid the traps others have fallen into. It examines the case of PharmaCorp, a global organization and one of the largest in its industry. The case provides managers with five key lessons. First, manage knowledge interdependencies across communities of practice; second, contextualize knowledge within natural groups of activities; third, avoid an over‐emphasis on explicit knowledge; fourth, let knowledge management recipients determine tacit and explicit knowledge; and fifth, manage the input from external consultants. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Better land husbandry in Honduras: towards the new paradigm in conserving soil, water and productivity
Authors: Hellin J. , Haigh M. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLand shortages are forcing more smallholder farmers to cultivate tropical steeplands. Resulting accelerated soil erosion is being countered by the promotion of soil conservation (SC) technologies, such as cross‐slope barriers, which aim to reduce soil loss and preserve land productivity. However, farmer adoption rates tend to be low. This is often attributed to the farmers' conservatism or lack of education. Research in Honduras's steeplands demonstrates that farmers value SC, provided that it promotes agricultural production. Field research from 1995–98, involving farmed test plots on slopes greater than 35 per cent (19 degrees), demonstrates that at least one typical SC technology—live barriers of Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver grass)—has little or no impact on maize yield. This means that farmers see little benefit from their investment in the SC method. They find that erratic rainfall, pests and diseases and a lack of economic resources are far greater threats to their livelihoods than soil erosion. Consequently, SC has a low priority. Keeping soil in place avoids major off‐farm disbenefits. However, the SC technique tested here made no discernible difference to slope foot sediment yields during the life of this study. In sum, a new approach is needed. Promoting ‘Better Land Husbandry’ strategies, which seek to combine farmers' concerns about productivity with conservationists' concerns about reducing soil erosion—often via cover‐management—seem to be the best way forward. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deregulated expression of the PCPH proto‐oncogene in rat mammary tumors induced with 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
Authors: Solanas Montserrat , Escrich Eduard , Rouzaut Ana , Costa Irmgard , Martínez Alfredo , Notario Vicente 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe PCPH proto‐oncogene was identified by its frequent activation in Syrian hamster fetal cells exposed to 3‐methylcholanthrene. We previously isolated human PCPH cDNA and studied its expression in normal human tissues. We report herein the pattern of PCPH expression in normal rat tissues. Each tissue expressed one major PCPH polypeptide that varied in molecular mass in different tissues. Normal mammary gland expressed a single PCPH polypeptide of 27 kDa. This PCPH form also was expressed in lactating mammary glands but at significantly greater levels. These results suggest the existence of tissue‐specific regulatory mechanisms for PCPH expression that may be influenced by the differentiation stage. Our previous studies on the involvement of PCPH in human cancer showed that human breast tumor cell lines have frequent alterations in PCPH, including multiple PCPH polypeptide forms that are not expressed in normal cells. These cell lines also have frequent loss of a 27‐kDa form identified as the only PCPH polypeptide expressed by normal human breast epithelial cells. In this study, we found that these same alterations occurred in vivo during mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague‐Dawley rats treated with 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, in both benign and malignant tumors, indicating that stable changes in PCPH expression took place early in the neoplastic process. Results showed that this experimental system is relevant to human breast carcinogenesis and provides an excellent model to study the molecular basis of the regulation of PCPH expression during normal differentiation and pathologic stages of neoplasia of the mammary gland and to analyze the role of PCPH in the carcinogenic process. Furthermore, the detection of atypical PCPH polypeptides in tumors suggests that PCPH immunodetection may be applied as a diagnostic tool for the early identification of neoplastic breast epithelial cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway in RRR‐α‐tocopheryl succinate–induced differentiation of human MDA‐MB‐435 breast cancer cells
Authors: You Huihong , Yu Weiping , Munoz‐Medellin Debbie , Brown Powel H. , Sanders Bob G. , Kline Kimberly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRRR‐α‐tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E succinate, VES) induces differentiation of human breast cancer cells. Previous studies ruled out transforming growth factor‐β and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase involvement in VES‐induced differentiation but implicated extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERKs). Here we show that dominant‐negative mutants of either mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1 or ERK1 blocked VES‐induced differentiation of MDA‐MB‐435 cells, as measured by induction of cytokeratin 18 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Blockage of c‐jun protein expression using c‐jun antisense oligonucleotides or expression of an inducible dominant‐negative c‐jun mutant protein inhibited VES‐induced differentiation. Elevated expression of wild‐type c‐jun alone was sufficient to induce cellular differentiation. A role for p21 (Waf1/Cip1) is implicated, in that p21 antisense oligomers blocked VES‐induced differentiation. In summary, MEK1, ERK1, the transcription factor c‐jun, and the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Waf1/Cip1) play a part in VES‐induced differentiation of human MDA‐MB‐435 breast cancer cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transformation of kidney epithelial cells by a quinol thioether via inactivation of the tuberous sclerosis‐2 tumor suppressor gene
Authors: Yoon Hae‐Seong , Monks Terrence J. , Walker Cheryl L. , Lau Serrine S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough hydroquinone (HQ) is a rodent carcinogen, because of its lack of mutagenicity in standard bacterial mutagenicity assays it is generally considered a nongenotoxic carcinogen. 2,3,5‐Tris‐(glutathion‐S‐yl)HQ (TGHQ) is a potent nephrotoxic metabolite of HQ that may play an important role in HQ‐mediated nephrocarcinogenicity. TGHQ mediates cell injury by generating reactive oxygen species and covalently binding to tissue macromolecules. We determined the ability of HQ and TGHQ to induce cell transformation in primary renal epithelial cells derived from the Eker rat. Eker rats possess a germline inactivation of one allele of the tuberous sclerosis‐2 (Tsc‐2) tumor suppressor gene that predisposes the animals to renal cell carcinoma. Treatment of primary Eker rat renal epithelial cells with HQ (25 and 50 μM) or TGHQ (100 and 300 μM) induced 2‐ to 4‐fold and 6‐ to 20‐fold increases in cell transformation, respectively. Subsequently, three cell lines (The QT‐RRE 1, 2, and 3) were established from TGHQ‐induced transformed colonies. The QT‐RRE cell lines exhibited a broad range of numerical cytogenetic alterations, loss of heterozygosity at the Tsc‐2 gene locus, and loss of expression of tuberin, the protein encoded by the Tsc‐2 gene. Only heterozygous (Tsc‐2EK/+) kidney epithelial cells were susceptible to transformation by HQ and TGHQ, as wild‐type cells (Tsc‐2+/+) showed no increase in transformation frequency over background levels following chemical exposure. These data indicate that TGHQ and HQ are capable of directly transforming rat renal epithelial cells and that the Tsc‐2 tumor suppressor gene is an important target of TGHQ‐mediated renal epithelial cell transformation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervical dystonia in monozygotic twins: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wunderlich Silke , Reiners Karlheinz , Gasser Thomas , Naumann Markus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on monozygotic male twins of German origin with early onset cervical dystonia. No other family members were affected. Although identical in age of onset and clinical course, there were phenotypic variations. While the second‐born, more affected twin suffered from a symmetric retrocollis, the twin brother mainly presented with a spasmodic torticollis to the left. Dystonia remained focal in both siblings. A DYT1 gene deletion was excluded. Including our patients, hitherto only four twin pairs with idiopathic dystonia have been reported. Although dystonia in twins can be remarkably uniform in some cases, major differences in terms of disease progression, remissions, and disability may be found. These observations underline the role of inheritance in the pathogenesis of idiopathic dystonia but also indicate that some other factors contribute to the clinical presentation of dystonia. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Asymptotics of the hypergeometric function
Authors: Jones D. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn asymptotic representation is obtained for the hypergeometric function ${\bf F}(a+\lambda,b‐\lambda,c,1/2‐1/2z)$\nopagenumbers\end as $|\lambda|\rightarrow\infty$\nopagenumbers\end with $|{\rm ph}\,\lambda|&#60;\pi$\nopagenumbers\end. It is uniformly valid in the z‐plane cut in an appropriate way. Several other forms of the hypergeometric function are discussed also. Another representation which has some advantages over the conventional one is given as well. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadband patch antenna edge‐fed by a coplanar probe feed
Authors: Chang Fa‐Shian , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new broadband probe‐fed patch antenna is proposed. We demonstrate that, by feeding an air–substrate patch antenna at the patch edge using a probe feed coplanar with the radiating patch, broadband operation can easily be obtained. Also, for the use of the proposed coplanar probe‐feed design, the ground plane of the patch antenna is transformed into an L‐shape. Experimental results of the constructed prototype showed that the obtained impedance bandwidth (1 : 1.5 VSWR) could be greater than 10% centered at about 1.8 GHz, which makes it suitable for DCS base‐station antenna application. Good radiation characteristics for operating frequencies within the impedance bandwidth have also been observed. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 287–289, 2001.
Circuit theory of symmetrical coupled waveguiding structures: Group‐theoretical approach
Authors: Dmitriev Victor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe discuss a general method for calculations of scattering matrices of coupled waveguiding structures using group theory. As an example, we present the calculated matrices for a structure consisting of two circular coupled waveguides with different symmetries and with coupling elements of different natures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 446–449, 2001.
Analog carrier recovery circuits for six‐port direct digital receivers
Authors: Xu Yansheng , Bosisio Renato G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, simple analog carrier recovery circuits are proposed for BPSK and QPSK reception. Theoretical analysis and simulations using an SPW (signal processing workstation) validate the feasibility of these circuits. Practical circuits are also given to implement the control signal. The proposed circuits are especially suitable for receivers using compact analog signal processing means to receive high data bit‐rate signals. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 454–457, 2001.
Two‐dimensional fast evanescent wave algorithm
Authors: Chew W. C. , Jiang L. J. , Velamparambil S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new fast evanescent wave algorithm (FEWA) is introduced in the two‐dimensional (2‐D) case. It expands the Green's function into propagating waves and directional evanescent waves. Applying the evanescent wave correction technique, a procedure similar to the traditional MLFMA can be expedited. No buffer region is necessary anymore, and fewer translators are needed. Numerical examples are given to show the features of this method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 460–465, 2001.