bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of differing approaches used to estimate the cost of corrosion (and their relevance in the development of modern corrosion prevention and control strategies)
Authors: Bhaskaran R. , Palaniswamy N. , Rengaswamy N.S. , Jayachandran M. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo analyze the different approaches used to estimate the cost of corrosion and understand the limitations so as to have proper appropriation in future appraisals.Design/methodology/approachFour well‐known approaches to analysis of cost of corrosion viz., the Uhlig method, the Hoar method, NBS‐BCL input/output method and net present value method have been considered in great detail and the impact of these approaches on corrosion economy in different countries has been highlighted.FindingsUhlig method of estimating corrosion cost always gives a conservative estimate of the direct cost of corrosion. The direct cost of corrosion, as estimated by the Hoar method, is found to be somewhat higher than is the estimate made using the Uhlig method, as shown by Shibata of Japan. The NBS‐BCL method of input/output analysis, though apparently more scientific, is subject ultimately to uncertainties in quantifying the capital cost and intermediate output. The net present value method appears to be more realistic than do other approaches as it enables a life cycle costing of each structure/facility to be made and arrives at the most cost‐effective corrosion control method. Even though all the above four approaches enable an estimation of direct cost of corrosion, there is no standard approach to assess the indirect cost of corrosion.Originality/valueIn a developing economy, each and every industry has to go for systematic corrosion auditing in order to identify and adopt the most appropriate corrosion control measures and effect considerable savings. This paper would be of immense use in that regard.
A consideration of the effects of solvent characteristics on cementation processes for the removal of toxic metals and wastes
Authors: El‐Batouti M. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe objective of the present work was to study the kinetics of copper cementation on Fe metal in an acetone‐water medium and in a dioxane‐water medium.Design/methodology/approachThe impact of solvent concentration on cementation rate was determined by measuring the rate of copper cementation from CuSO4 onto an iron plate in the absence and in the presence of acetone and dioxane solvents.The thermodynamic parameters ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG# of the cementation of CuSO4‐organic solvents were calculated. Linear plots of ΔH# versus ΔS# were obtained.FindingsIt was demonstrated that the rate of cementation decreased with increasing concentration of solvents and increasing temperature. The isokinetic temperature data indicate that the cementation reaction is controlled by the entropy of the system.Originality/valueThe findings have important implications for the reclamation of toxic and valuable metals from industrial waste streams.
The corrosion rate of a zinc/steel rotating cylinder in a saline water and saline water‐alcohol environment
Authors: Fadali Olfat A. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo study the effect of rotation of a zinc/steel cylinder couple on the rate of galvanic corrosion in saline water and a saline water methyl alcohol system.Design/methodology/approachThe weight loss technique was used for calculating the rate of corrosion. variables such as cylinder rotational speed, salt concentration, alcohol volume percentage, and zinc/steel ratio were studied.FindingsThe relationship of turbulence and the rate of corrosion were found to fit the equation R=aRe 0.27. The presence of methyl alcohol in a saline water system decreased the rate of corrosion between 58 and 72 percent for a volume percentage of alcohol from 20 to 70 percent.Originality/valueThis paper explains the mechanism of galvanic corrosion for a zinc/steel cylinder couple in the turbulent region for saline water and saline water‐alcohol systems.
Executing profitable sales negotiations: selling value, not price
Authors: D'Andrea Ron 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo identify the keys to executing profitable sales negotiations based on analysis of the negotiation approaches of high‐performing salespeople.Design/methodology/approachBayGroup International (a leading global sales consultancy) conducted a research study involving 2,000 salespeople at all levels from Fortune 500 companies across a wide range of industries. Respondents participated in an actual buy‐sell negotiation. BayGroup collected and analyzed data on the negotiation approaches taken by study participants, and determined how the approaches taken by the sales professionals who negotiated the best agreements differed from others in the study.FindingsBayGroup concluded that high performers raise their customers’ perception of value by using six fundamental strategies, summarized in the form of principles of sales negotiation. The paper not only describes the principles, but also reveals the unique, counterintuitive manner in which high‐performing salespeople plan and execute profitable sales strategy.Practical implicationsOwing to increasing pressure to improve earnings (and share prices), value‐based sales negotiation has become more critical than ever to corporate success. Use of the research conclusions and analysis from this article can provide useful guidance to sales professionals and their managers on how to execute more profitable customer agreements throughout the sales process.Originality/valueThe importance of “selling value, not price” has been fully embraced by the world's leading sales organizations, but effective approaches to implementing behavioral change in this area have been rare. This paper presents provocative findings that suggest new ways to approach this critical strategic challenge.
Management training: benefits and lost opportunities (part I)
Authors: Longenecker Clinton O. , Fink Laurence S. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis paper explores the benefits of effective management training and consequences of ineffective training programs.Design/methodology/approachSeasoned managers (278) working in rapidly changing organizations were surveyed on issues related to management training.FindingsContent analyses revealed a number of specific benefits associated with management training. Conversely, managers identified a series of problems caused by ineffective management training.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralization of these findings to non‐rapidly changing organizations is unclear.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that the effectiveness of management training has a significant impact on managerial and organizational performance.Originality/valueThis paper voices the concerns and observations about managerial training from seasoned managers in rapidly changing organizations.
Six of the best
Authors: Landale Anthony 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo investigate practical methods of generating creative thinking in business. Includes De Bono's Six Thinking Hats approach.Design/methodology/approachTo articulate issues and challenges, highlight some of the key techniques and how they work. Also to provide case study evidence to demonstrate measurable benefits of the techniques.FindingsWhen creative thinking is applied it breaks through fixed thinking patterns but creativity also needs nurturing.Practical implicationsSimple techniques can generate new perspectives for people management and problem solving.Originality/valueStimulates management thinking.
Outreach programs beyond the immediate university community
Authors: Graham John‐Bauer 
Published: February 2005

PurposeLibrarians at Jacksonville State University's (JSU) Houston Cole Library believe that an understanding and working relationship with the public outside the immediate university community is vital to the survival and continued success of the University and its library. This paper seeks to determine this.Design/methodology/approachA survey was distributed to 26 public libraries in the counties surrounding JSU to see how the University Library could better serve the community.FindingsThe responses indicated that those living beyond the immediate community did in fact want the University Library to take a more active roll in the continuing education needs of the local public library's patrons and staff, in addition to their communities as a whole.Originality/valueProvides evidence of the importance of relationship management for the library community.
Public library and nation building: the Nigerian experience
Authors: Emojorho Daniel 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis study seeks to evaluate the roles and effectiveness of public libraries in nation building in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, questionnaires were used to collect data from public libraries in Edo and Delta states.FindingsThe result of the study revealed that Nigerian public libraries are performing poorly virtually in most aspects due to appalling resources. Based on this, recommendations are made.Practical implicationsThe Nigerian Government should establish adequately funded public libraries in the various rural and urban communities. There should be adequate and effective information technologies in the various public libraries and the libraries should embark on political and health awareness programmes.Originality/valueIt is undisputable that public libraries have good aims and if well operated will foster national development.
Measurement of burnout and the influence of background characteristics in Greek academic librarians
Authors: Togia Aspasia 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to measure levels of burnout among Greek academic librarians and to assess its relation with certain background characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThe Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered to 136 academic librarians across Greece.FindingsFindings suggested that respondents experienced low levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and moderate levels of personal accomplishment. Of the background characteristics, age, number of years as a librarian and participation in decision‐making were found to be independent of experienced burnout. Direct contact with library users seemed to enhance feelings of personal accomplishment. In addition, employees with short‐term contracts reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion in comparison to their colleagues holding lifetime positions.Research limitations/implications – Future research can focus on different types of libraries where the predominance of different organizational characteristics might have a different impact on individual burnout. Another direction for future research is the study of the specific job conditions that might contribute to burnout.Originality/valueProvides valuable results concerning burnout among library professionals in Greece.
Continuing professional development and workplace learning 11
Authors: Smith Ian 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to review the “people” aspect of organisational change.Design/methodology/approachProvides a concise review of the nature and impact of change.FindingsDiscusses the “people” aspect of organisational change and begins an exploration of the conundrum that people – the essential factor in successful organisational renewal – can also be the biggest obstacle to achieving change. Discusses the nature and impact of organisational change and outlines four key factors in managing the “people” aspect of that process.Originality/valueThis review is a useful source of information to help understand change management.
Procedural and distributive justice effects moderated by organizational identification
Authors: De Cremer David 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of the research was to test whether the widely known interaction between procedural and distributive justice influences cooperation, but only when employees’ identification with the organization is strong.Design/methodology/approachA survey study was conducted in a company, including scales assessing distributive justice, procedural justice, employees’ sense of organizational identification and willingness to cooperate.FindingsThe results showed that this interaction effect was only found among those with a strong sense of organizational identification. However, the pattern of this interaction was different from the pattern found in previous studies, that is, both high procedural and distributive justice was required to best predict cooperation.Originality/valueThese findings identify yet another important moderator of the interaction between distributive justice and procedural justice, but also show that because of the cognitive content of the measure of organizational identification, the shape of the interaction is different than the one predicted by prior research.
The role of gender and social class in work stress
Authors: Fotinatos‐Ventouratos Ritsa , Cooper Cary 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a large community wide survey on occupational stress.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via a questionnaire, using a random sample of the general population in the north east region of England, UK. A total of 2,500 people completed questionnaires, which represented all socio‐economic groups.FindingsThe results of the bivariate analysis revealed significant differences in terms of physical and psychological wellbeing amongst the male and female sample. Multiple regression analysis provided evidence that the issue of job satisfaction is critical and different amongst both males and females and social class.Originality/valueThis research investigated the combined effects of both gender differences at work and social class in one given study, using one instrument, in one community setting. Recommendations for future research at the theoretical and practical level are given.
Positive affect and feedback‐giving behavior
Authors: Adams Susan M. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeNew models of career management require individuals to harvest as much learning as possible from situations wherever and whenever feedback is possible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of positive affect (liking) on feedback giving behavior since authors have suggested a potential bias but little empirical evidence exists on the topic.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 77 trainer‐trainee dyads in a formal field‐based training program over a 60‐day period. Additionally, critical incidents accounts of career setbacks were collected from MBA students and consulting clients.FindingsLess positive and less specific feedback was reportedly given to liked individuals, compared to disliked individuals, when performance was not attributed to internal causes. Also, an interaction between performance level and affective relationship explained amounts of negative feedback received in low internal attribution group. Less liked trainees received similar amounts of negative feedback despite performance level, while more liked trainees received more negative feedback when performing poorly than when performing well. The qualitative data support quantitative findings and add insights into why liked individuals receive less feedback of the nature that can further enhance career development.Practical implicationsLiked individuals need to be especially vigilant in pursuing feedback necessary for personal development. Managers should be encouraged to monitor the amount of critical feedback given to liked and disliked employees. Specific suggestions are offered.Research limitations/implicationsObjective performance measures may not be available in other field settings. Even so, an objective performance assessment is what is needed to understand the full impact of positive affect on feedback giving behavior and subsequently, personal development.Originality/valueFew studies regarding feedback giving behavior exist. The only previous study found that investigated the role of positive affect in feedback giving behavior was a lab study dealing only with poor performers. This field study shows how attributions interact with positive affect in feedback giving behavior while controlling for a natural range of performance. More importantly, this study adds a caveat to LMX findings about the advantages of a positive affective relationship.
The impact of a threatening e‐mail reprimand on the recipient's blood pressure
Authors: Taylor Howard , Fieldman George , Lahlou Saadi 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis article aims to describe the effects of the communication style of the message sender (threatening or neutral), status of the sender (equal to or higher than the recipient) and the power relationship between sender and recipient (from the same department or not) on the blood pressure of the recipient of an e‐mail messageDesign/methodology/approachThe study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. The experiment was a mixed design, using both within and between subjects variables. The independent variable for the within subjects factor was the task that participants performed. There were three tasks: answering a questionnaire, reading a non‐threateningly worded e‐mail reprimand, and reading a threateningly worded e‐mail reprimand. Although the study used students as participants, the messages they received were from real people in a University College. Discusses the implications in the area of occupational health.FindingsDiastolic blood pressure was significantly higher (p<0.01) when recipients were reading the threateningly worded reprimand compared to reading a non‐threateningly worded reprimand. The effect of status on blood pressure was significant (p<0.05) but only for recipients in the same department as the message sender.Originality/valueThe results add to the evidence that communication style and status can have a direct impact on the recipient's physiological response.
Individuality, willingness to take risk, and use of a personal e‐card
Authors: Charbaji Abdulrazzak , Jannoun Souad E.L. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo address the issue of risk intention using personal e‐cards and to test the effect of the individuality of decision makers in the Lebanese context.Design/methodology/approachThe data of this research were collected by means of personal interviews using questionnaire. The sample involved 197 managers from various industries. The researchers developed a discriminant function equation to investigate risk taking behavior in the use of e‐cards. The function classifies individuals into risk takers and non‐risk takers on the basis of their psychographics and demographic characteristics. Risk was measured using the risk‐assessment scenario developed by MacCrimmon and Wehrung. Risk intention was measured by asking: “What is the likelihood of your being willing, in the near future, to pay for items on the internet using a personal e‐card?”. Seven items were used to measure psychographics and lifestyle information. Factor analysis was used as a data‐reduction technique, followed by multiple regression analysis (discriminant function) to determine the relative importance of the independent variables.FindingsThe study demonstrated that, although respondents valued risk and were willing to take a chance, they did care about security. Further analysis showed that highly educated managers (university education) and Christians were slightly more willing to pay by e‐card on the internet than were less‐educated and Muslim managers.Research limitations/implicationsIt has to be borne in mind that using dissimilar groups will make the validity of the procedure questionable. Replicating the same study under different conditions (different groups in Lebanon or outside Lebanon) will make prediction more reliable.Practical implicationsThe discriminant analysis in this study has helped to explain the difference between risk taking and non‐risk‐taking managers in Lebanon.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a new issue about risk intention and offers practical explanation. It fulfils an identified need in the Literature. Lebanon is a small country with one of the most developed internet markets in the Arab world but Lebanese People hesitate to transfer money via the internet. The current study was therefore conducted to address the issue of risk intention using personal e‐cards and to test the effect of the individuality of decisionmakers in the Lebanese context.
Effect of sewing and fusing of interlining on drape behaviour of suiting fabrics
Authors: Raj Sharma Kaushal , Behera B.K. , Roedel H. , Schenk Andrea 
Published: February 2005

PurposeDrape of the fabric is its ability to hang freely in graceful folds when some area of it is supported over a surface and the rest is unsupported. When two‐dimensional fabrics are converted to three‐dimensional garment forms, a number of operations are required which affect drape behaviour of the fabric while present in garment form. In the present study, the effect of sewing and fusing of interlining on drape behaviour of men's suiting fabrics is investigated.Design/methodology/approach – The effect of sewing and fusing of interlining on drape behaviour of men's suiting fabrics is investigated. Comparisons were also made between different stitches (chain stitch and lock stitch), different seams for lock stitch and different types of interlinings for their effect on drape behaviour of fabrics. In addition to drape coefficient and number of folds, a new drape parameter – average amplitude to average radius (A/r) ratio – was also defined and calculated for drape image geometry.Findings – Drape coefficient has a good to strong correlation with A/r ratio and number of folds for most of the shell, sewn and interlining fused fabrics except for a few cases. A/r defines image in a more descriptive manner than drape coefficient. Drape coefficient changes with the types of seams and stitches used, as well as with the interlining used.Originality/value – This paper provides information on the effects of sewing (seams and stitch types) and fused interlining on drape behaviour of men's suiting fabrics.
An interactive body model for individual pattern making
Authors: Cho Youngsook , Okada Naoko , Park Hyejun , Takatera Masayuki , Inui Shigeru , Shimizu Yoshio 
Published: February 2005

PurposeIn order to mass‐customize clothes, it is essential to consider individual body shape using computerized 3D body models. This paper describes the development of an interactive body model that can be altered with individual body shape for the purpose of computerized pattern making.Design/methodology/approach – For altering perimeter and length for contouring individual body shapes, a cross‐sectional line model is proposed arranged at regular intervals. This model is easy for controlling body shape and also for calculating length and perimeters. Shape control lines (SCL) are used to modify the shape of the model in order to adjust the model to represent different body shapes. SCL are used to modify the perimeter of the cross‐sectional line by scaling method with different center position and scaling ratio in a horizontal direction.Findings – In order to investigate whether virtual body models can be adequately substituted for real physical models, the perimeter and cross‐section areas of shape control lines were compared, which resulted in an agreement ratio of over 93 percent. This fact supports the adaptability and potential usefulness of the body model.Originality/value – This research makes it possible for customers to modify the body model to match their own body shape during internet or catalogue shopping; it can also enable apparel manufacturers to communicate with their customers by describing the body model to fit on the screen while in the ordering process.