bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthogeriatric and Fragility Fracture Care in the Future
Authors: Hertz Karen , Santy-Tomlinson Julie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to outline some of the future goals for fragility fracture care and to offer some thoughts on how some of the more significant challenges need to be approached. The increase in the prevalence of fragility fractures is a growing challenge. Globally, fragility fractures have a varied impact. In resource-rich nations, approximately 10–20% of patients move to residential care after a hip fracture, with accompanying financial and socioeconomic costs. Where healthcare services are less well resourced, much fragility fracture care takes place in the patient’s place of residence or that of their family; placing significant stress on their ability to cope. There is also a chronic worldwide shortage of nurses and, in specialties such as orthogeriatrics and fragility fracture management, there is also high patient acuity and high demand for expert care, often resulting in failure to meet patient and community needs. Care is complex and time and staff intensive, demanding staffing flexibility. Nursing care is likely to be missed when staffing ratios are low and when staffing flexibility is lacking. Inordinate energy must be spent in trying to provide care that meets constantly changing patient needs. Clinicians must also engage with governments, policy makers, leaders, employers, and communities to present evidence, lobby and negotiate for their own working conditions, and the care priorities of those for whom they provide care.This chapter focuses on several aspects of the future development of fragility fracture and orthogeriatric care. This includes highlighting the need for new ways of working and nursing role development along with ensuring that care is provided by nurses who not only understand the injury and the acute care needs related to the fracture, but who also recognise the specific and complex needs relating to the frail older person with multiple comorbidities. Clinicians must also be skilled in chronic condition management, especially concerning osteoporosis and other comorbidities.The evidence base for orthogeriatric and fragility fracture nursing is considered throughout this book. Expert care needs a specific and broad body of evidence that identifies exactly what its actions are and what its value is. Hence, the development, conduct, translation, and application of nursing research for the care of patients with fragility fractures is essential and needs to be developed with a global perspective.Education is the foundation of transforming care and services so that patient outcomes following fragility fracture can be optimised and future fractures prevented. Even though nursing education is paramount in achieving optimum patient care, acknowledging that orthogeriatric and fragility fracture care is, by necessity, interdisciplinary is essential. The benefits of multidisciplinary approaches to care, supported by interdisciplinary education are considered here.
Secondary Fracture Prevention
Authors: Speerin Robyn , Marques Andréa , van Oostwaard Marsha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFragility fractures signal that osteoporosis or osteopenia may be present. These are fractures often sustained through minimal trauma and commonly happen because of a fall from standing height or less. Low bone density due to osteoporosis or osteopenia means that such falls easily result in fractures. Fragility fractures are common, and the incidence is increasing despite global efforts to improve access to secondary prevention. Fragility fractures can lead to hospitalisation, increased risk of death due to complications, worsening chronic health conditions, and frailty. Hip and vertebral fractures are associated with the worst morbidity, mortality, and loss of functional ability. Pain and disability contribute to impaired quality of life.All people aged 50 years and over who sustain fragility fractures should, therefore, undergo investigation for osteoporosis and, if confirmed, be commenced on osteoporosis medication and be supported to participate in behaviours that are known to improve bone health. Organised and coordinated secondary fragility fracture prevention is the best option to prevent further fractures. This approach requires a multidisciplinary team working across care sectors in collaboration with the patient and family to ensure that care is consistent and person-centred and addresses individual need.Many communities across the globe who sustain fragility fractures, however, do not have access to diagnosis and evidence-informed treatment to prevent the next fracture despite strong evidence that access to treatment and supportive follow-up prevent many subsequent fractures. This chapter aims to explore how secondary fractures can be prevented through evidence-based interventions and services.
The Nursing Role in Orthogeriatric Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)
Authors: Brent Louise , Spirgienė Lina , O’Regan Niamh , Diggin Brid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOlder people with fragility fractures are a diverse group, and their care needs are complex. Although some have comparatively few health problems, many have several interconnected illnesses alongside psychological and social problems, requiring a range of interventions. The primary focus of care is to meet these needs throughout the care pathway and ensure that they receive the same high standard of specialist care within orthopaedic services as they would within a setting specialising in the care of older people. The central philosophy is holistic care with a person-centred approach that brings the various aspects of specialist care together.‘Geriatric syndrome’ is a term often used to refer to common health problems in older adults that do not fit into distinct organ-specific disease categories and that have multifactorial causes. This includes frailty, cognitive impairment, delirium, incontinence, malnutrition, falls, gait disorders, pressure ulcers, sleep disorders, sensory deficits, fatigue and dizziness. These are common in older adults and can have a major impact on quality of life (QoL) and disability.Identifying problems specific to ageing so that interventions can be tailored to meet the needs of patients with fragility fractures needs a detailed and comprehensive assessment that can help clinicians manage these conditions and prevent or delay their complications. This needs to be a collaboration of the whole interdisciplinary team so that the skills of each team member can contribute to building a picture of the patient’s needs. Nursing assessment is a significant part of this whole.A term often used in relation to the assessment of older people with medical needs is comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). The aim of this chapter is to explore the nature of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for the patient with a fragility fracture and discuss how this can be applied to nursing assessment and care.
Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Authors: Bååth Carina , Brent Louise , Santy-Tomlinson Julie , Hommel Ami 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPreventing pressure ulcers is fundamental in managing and caring for the patient following a fragility fracture. Patients who have sustained a hip fracture and have had associated surgery are at high risk as ageing skin, frailty, immobility, and multiple comorbidities are significant factors in skin injury.The causes of pressure ulcers are complex, and their prevention is the responsibility of the entire multidisciplinary team. Accessing evidence and education for practitioners is vital to making a difference in all aspects of care.
Cosmologically varying kinetic mixing
Authors: Gan Xucheng , Liu Di 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The portal connecting the invisible and visible sectors is one of the most natural explanations of the dark world. However, the early-time dark matter production via the portal faces extremely stringent late-time constraints. To solve such tension, we construct the scalar-controlled kinetic mixing varying with the ultralight CP-even scalar’s cosmological evolution. To realize this and eliminate the constant mixing, we couple the ultralight scalar within 10−33eV ≲ m0 ≪ eV with the heavy doubly charged messengers and impose the ℤ2 symmetry under the dark charge conjugation. Via the varying mixing, the keV – MeV dark photon dark matter is produced through the early-time freeze-in when the scalar is misaligned from the origin and free from the late-time exclusions when the scalar does the damped oscillation and dynamically sets the kinetic mixing. We also find that the scalar-photon coupling emerges from the underlying physics, which changes the cosmological history and provides the experimental targets based on the fine-structure constant variation and the equivalence principle violation. To ensure the scalar naturalness, we discretely re-establish the broken shift symmetry by embedding the minimal model into the ℤN-protected model. When N ~ 10, the scalar’s mass quantum correction can be suppressed much below 10−33eV.
Mutant p53R211* ameliorates inflammatory arthritis in AIA rats via inhibition of TBK1-IRF3 innate immune response
Authors: Zeng Yaling , Ng Jerome P. L. , Wang Linna , Xu Xiongfei , Law Betty Yuen Kwan , Chen Guobing , Lo Hang Hong , Yang Lijun , Yang Jiujie , Zhang Lei , Qu Liqun , Yun Xiaoyun , Zhong Jing , Chen Ruihong , Zhang Dingqi , Wang Yuping , Luo Weidan , Qiu Congling , Huang Baixiong , liu Wenfeng , Liu Liang , Wong Vincent Kam Wai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammation disease characterized by imbalance of immune homeostasis. p53 mutants are commonly described as the guardian of cancer cells by conferring them drug-resistance and immune evasion. Importantly, p53 mutations have also been identified in RA patients, and this prompts the investigation of its role in RA pathogenesis.

Methods
The cytotoxicity of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) against p53 wild-type (WT)/mutant-transfected RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) was evaluated by MTT assay. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was employed to establish p53 WT/R211* adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. The arthritic condition of rats was assessed by various parameters such as micro-CT analysis. Knee joint samples were isolated for total RNA sequencing analysis. The expressions of cytokines and immune-related genes were examined by qPCR, ELISA assay and immunofluorescence. The mechanistic pathway was determined by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting in vitro and in vivo.

Results
Among p53 mutants, p53R213* exhibited remarkable DMARD-resistance in RAFLSs. However, AAV-induced p53R211* overexpression ameliorated inflammatory arthritis in AIA rats without Methotrexate (MTX)-resistance, and our results discovered the immunomodulatory effect of p53R211* via suppression of T-cell activation and T helper 17 cell (Th17) infiltration in rat joint, and finally downregulated expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Total RNA sequencing analysis identified the correlation of p53R211* with immune-related pathways. Further mechanistic studies revealed that p53R213*/R211* instead of wild-type p53 interacted with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and suppressed the innate immune TBK1–Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)–Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cascade.

Conclusions
This study unravels the role of p53R213* mutant in RA pathogenesis, and identifies TBK1 as a potential anti-inflammatory target.
A trajectory surface hopping study of the vibration-induced autodetachment dynamics of the 1-nitropropane anion
Authors: Issler Kevin , Mitric Roland , Petersen Jens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the autodetachment dynamics of the 1-nitropropane anion after vibrational excitation of the energetically lowest C–H stretching mode using our recently developed extended quantum classical surface hopping approach including the detachment continuum. Therein the detachment from an electronic bound anion state is treated as a nonadiabatic transition into discretized detachment continuum states for an ensemble of classical nuclear trajectories propagated on quantum mechanical potential energy surfaces. The initial ensemble is obtained by sampling a phase space distribution accounting for the vibrational excitation of the C–H stretching mode of the molecule to match the experimental conditions. The simulated kinetic energy distribution of the ejected electrons reproduces characteristic features of the available experimental data. Analysis of the nuclear dynamics points out that the approach to neutral-like geometries with decreased pyramidalization angle of the NO$$_2$$

2

group and reduced the N–O bond lengths are the crucial factors enhancing the ultrafast autodetachment process in vibrationally excited 1-nitropropane. This is facilitated when the dipole-bound first excited state of the anion is populated, which is structurally similar to the neutral system. Although only a small transient population of this state is observed, it acts as an efficient doorway to the detachment continuum and is responsible for a significant amount of the ejected electrons.
Spatial immune composition of tumor microenvironment in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zwart Eline S. , van Ee Thomas , Affandi Alsya J. , Boyd Lenka N. C. , Rodriguez Ernesto , den Haan Joke M. M. , Farina Arantza , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Meijer Laura L. , van Kooyk Yvette , Mebius Reina E. , Kazemier Geert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examined the composition of the immune microenvironment at different sites within resected pancreas specimens from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therefore, single-cell suspensions were made from fresh tumor and non-tumorous tissue. Fourteen patients were included from whom twelve PDAC and five non-tumorous samples were obtained. These samples were analyzed with a nineteen marker panel on the Aurora spectral flow cytometer. Furthermore, slides from formalin-fixed paraffine PDACs of eight additional patients were stained with eight markers and analyzed by multispectral imaging. These corresponded to central tumor, periphery of the tumor, i.e., invasive front and resected lymph node and were divided into tumor and adjacent tissue. In the single-cell suspension, a decreased ratio between lymphoid and myeloid cells and between M1 and M2 macrophages was observed in the tumor tissue compared to non-tumorous tissue. Furthermore, an increase in CD169 + macrophages in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy was found. Using immunofluorescence, more macrophages compared to T cells were observed, as well as a lower ratio of CD8 to M2 macrophage, a higher ratio of CD4–CD8 T cells and a higher ratio of immune-suppressive cells to pro-inflammatory cells in the PDAC area compared to the adjacent non-tumorous tissue. Finally, there were more immune-suppressive cells in the central tumor area compared to the invasive front. In conclusion, we show a gradient in the immune-suppressive environment in PDAC from most suppressive in the central tumor to least suppressive in distant non-tumorous tissue.
Graphical abstract
Performance-based wind engineering assessment of a telecommunication mast utilizing Bayesian extreme wind velocity model
Authors: Kenéz Á. , Joó A. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA promising design concept, the performance-based wind engineering methodology is adopted, implementing a finite element model (FEM) to analyse the structural behaviour of a telecommunication steel lattice mast. The integration of site-specific wind loading models into the standardized FEM-based design can be a powerful tool for design engineers. The tower being investigated, located in Central Hungary, is equipped with sensors to measure wind velocity and strains in chord members. The stochastic modelling of the extreme wind velocity, i.e., the basic wind velocity is assessed using the peak-over-threshold approach with an automated threshold selection method. To enhance the accuracy of the analysis, Bayesian inference is employed, combining the information from a relatively short duration of measurements collected at the tower site with a more extensive dataset from measurement locations across the country. Numerical model of the telecommunication mast subjected to wind loading is developed in a general-purpose finite element software. The probabilistic design system module is applied for performing probabilistic calculations of both serviceability criterion and load-bearing capacity of the structure using Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube method. Numerical results are compared and validated with measurement data. The accuracy of wind load assessment is examined in this study, considering both the standardized design method according to EN 1993-3-1 and wind tunnel testing. The main objective is to demonstrate the potential of integrating the Performance-based Wind Design framework with a monitoring system and a finite element model, highlighting their combined benefits.
Comparison of linear, generalized additive models and machine learning algorithms for spatial climate interpolation
Authors: Bonsoms Josep , Ninyerola Miquel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGeospatial atmospheric data is the input variable of a wide range of hydrological and ecological spatial models, many of which are oriented towards improving the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability. Here, we provide an evaluation of machine learning (ML) methods for the spatial interpolation of annual precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures for a mountain range, in this case, the Pyrenees. To this end, this work compares the performance and accuracy of multiple linear regressions (MLR) and generalized additive models (GAM) against five ML methods (K-Nearest Neighbors, Supported Vector Machines, Neural Networks, Stochastic Gradient Boosting and Random Forest). The ML algorithms outperformed the MLR and GAM independently of the predictor variables used, the geographical sector analyzed or the elevation range. Overall, the differences between ML algorithms are negligible. Random Forest shows a slightly higher than average accuracy for the spatial interpolation of precipitation (R2 = 0.93; MAE = 70.44 mm), whereas Stochastic Gradient Boosting is the best ML method for the spatial interpolation of the mean maximum annual temperature (R2 = 0.96, MAE = 0.43 ºC). Stochastic Gradient Boosting, Neural Networks and Random Forest have similar performances for the spatial interpolation of the mean minimum annual temperature (R2 = 0.98, MAE = 0.19 ºC). Results presented here can be valuable for the past and future climate spatial analysis, environmental niche modelling, hydrological projections, and water management.
Impact of acetazolamide on the double layer parameters at the R-AgLAFe/chlorates(VII) interface in the presence of ionic surfactants
Authors: Martyna Marlena , Pawlak Alicja , Bazan-Wozniak Aleksandra , Nosal-Wiercińska Agnieszka , Pietrzak Robert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdsorption of acetazolamide (ACT) and formation of a mixed adsorption layers of acetazolamide (ACT)—sodium 1-decanesulfonate (SDS) and acetazolamide—hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at the R-AgLAFe/chlorates(VII) interface are described. The systems were characterized by the measurements of differential capacity, potential of zero charge, and surface tension at this potential. The adsorption parameters determined in the studied systems indicate the SDS domination in the adsorption equilibria and the competitive adsorption between the ACT—SDS or mixed micelles. However, acetazolamide dominates at adsorption equilibria of the ACT—CTAB mixture.
Multiple Risk in Pregnancy- Prenatal Risk Constellations and Mother-Infant Interactions, Parenting Stress, and Child Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study from Pregnancy to 18 Months Postpartum
Authors: Helmikstøl Beate , Moe Vibeke , Smith Lars , Fredriksen Eivor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultiple risk is associated with adverse developmental outcomes across domains. However, as risk factors tend to cluster, it is important to investigate formation of risk constellations, and how they relate to child and parental outcomes. By means of latent class analysis patterns of prenatal risk factors were identified, and relations to interactional quality, parenting stress, and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors were investigated. An array of prenatal risk factors was assessed in 1036 Norwegian pregnant women participating in a prospective longitudinal community-based study, Little in Norway. Mother-infant interactions were videotaped and scored with the Early Relational Health Screen (ERHS) at 12 months. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) were administered at 18 months. First, we analyzed response patterns to prenatal risks to identify number and characteristics of latent classes. Second, we investigated whether latent class membership could predict mother-child interactional quality, parenting stress, and child internalizing and externalizing behavior after the child was born. Results revealed three prenatal risk constellations: broad risk (7.52%), mental health risk (21.62%) and low-risk (70.86%). Membership in the broad risk group predicted lower scores on interactional quality, while membership in the mental health risk group predicted less favorable scores on all outcome measures. Prenatal risks clustered together in specific risk constellations that differentially related to parent, child and interactional outcomes.
Rapid measurement of ageing by automated monitoring of movement of C. elegans populations
Authors: Zavagno Giulia , Raimundo Adelaide , Kirby Andy , Saunter Christopher , Weinkove David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFinding new interventions that slow ageing and maintain human health is a huge challenge of our time. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers a rapid in vivo method to determine whether a compound extends its 2 to 3-week lifespan. Measuring lifespan is the standard method to monitor ageing, but a compound that extends lifespan will not necessarily maintain health. Here, we describe the automated monitoring of C. elegans movement from early to mid-adulthood as a faster healthspan-based method to measure ageing. Using the WormGazer™ technology, multiple Petri dishes each containing several C. elegans worms are imaged simultaneously and non-invasively by an array of cameras that can be scaled easily. This approach demonstrates that most functional decline in C. elegans occurs during the first week of adulthood. We find 7 days of imaging is sufficient to measure the dose-dependent efficacy of sulfamethoxazole to slow ageing, compared to 40 days required for a parallel lifespan experiment. Understanding any negative consequences of interventions that slow ageing is important. We show that the long-lived mutant age-1(hx546) stays active for longer than the wild type but it moves slower in early adulthood. Thus, continuous analysis of movement can rapidly identify interventions that slow ageing while simultaneously revealing any negative effects on health.