bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kappa Free Light Chains in Cerebrospinal Fluid as Markers of Intrathecal Immunoglobulin Synthesis
Authors: Fischer Christian , Arneth Borros , Koehler Jürgen , Lotz Johannes , Lackner Karl J 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Background: Intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis is observed in several inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system, but its detection by current laboratory tests is either tedious or relatively insensitive. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of an assay for κ free light chains (κFLC) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, and compared it with traditional tests for intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis.
Methods: κFLCs were measured by nephelometry in CSF/serum pairs from 112 patients. Samples were excluded if blood contamination of CSF as a result of traumatic lumbar puncture (n = 12) or monoclonal bands in both CSF and serum (n = 5) were present. The remaining sample pairs were grouped according to the presence (n = 71) or absence (n = 24) of oligoclonal bands. Data were analyzed as κFLC concentrations in CSF, as κFLC CSF/serum ratios, and by use of the quotient diagram described previously for immunoglobulins.
Results: Both κFLC concentrations in CSF and the κFLC CSF/serum ratio identified patients with oligoclonal bands with high specificity and sensitivity. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.991 (95% confidence interval, 0.944–0.998) and 0.978 (0.924–0.996), respectively. Exclusion of patients with impaired blood–CSF barrier function further improved diagnostic accuracy. To account for patients with impaired blood–CSF barrier function, data were also analyzed in a quotient diagram. Only two patients without detectable oligoclonal bands would have been misclassified by this approach.
Conclusions: Our data indicate that the nephelometric assay for κFLCs in CSF reliably detects intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis. This automated and quantitative method could simplify the diagnostic procedure for CSF analysis in the routine laboratory.
Validated Gas Chromatographic–Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometric Method for Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Sweat Patches
Authors: Saito Takeshi , Wtsadik Abraham , Scheidweiler Karl B , Fortner Neil , Takeichi Sanae , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackground: A sensitive gas chromatography–negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/MS-NICI) method was developed and validated for the measurement of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in human sweat patches.Methods: THC-d0 and THC-d3 were added to worn blank sweat patches (PharmChek™; PharmChem Incorporated) and extracted with 3 mL of methanol–0.2 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0, 3:1 by volume) on a reciprocating shaker at ambient temperature for 30 min. Extracted solution (2 mL) was diluted with 8 mL of 0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and extracted by use of solid-phase extraction columns (CleanScreen®; United Chemical Technologies). Dried extracts were derivatized with trifluoroacetic acid and analyzed with an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph interfaced with an Agilent 5973 mass selective detector operated in NICI–selected ion-monitoring mode.Results: The lower limits of detection and quantification for THC in human sweat were 0.2 and 0.4 ng/patch, respectively. The calibration curve was linear from 0.4 to 10 ng/patch (R2 &gt;0.995). Overall recovery of THC from blank worn patches to which 0.6, 4.0, and 8.0 ng of THC had been added was 44–46%. Assay imprecision, expressed as CV, was &lt;10% for 0.6, 4.0, and 8.0 ng/patch quality-control samples. Twenty-one potential interfering compounds (50 ng/patch) added to low quality-control samples (0.6 ng/patch) did not influence THC quantification.Conclusions: This GC/MS-NICI assay for THC in human sweat provides adequate sensitivity and performance characteristics for analyzing THC in sweat patches and meets the requirements of the proposed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration’s guidelines for sweat testing.
Expression of the full-length and alternatively spliced equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor mRNAs in the primary corpus luteum and fetal gonads during pregnancy
Authors: Saint-Dizier Marie , Chopineau Maryse , Dupont Joëlle , Combarnous Yves 
Published: July 2004

The full-length equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor (eLH/CG-RA) cDNA and two alternatively spliced isoforms (eLH/CG-RB,C) were isolated from luteal tissue and characterized using a combination of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The 680-amino acid full sequence of eLH/CG-RAdisplayed 87–92% homology with other mammalian LH/CG-Rs. The eLH/CG-RBand eLH/CG-RCcDNA isoforms were truncated from the 3′-end of exon X: eLH/CG-RBspliced out of frame into the last exon whereas eLH/CG-RCcontained an in-frame stop codon within a divergent sequence. Consequently, both eLH/CG-RBand eLH/CG-RCcDNA isoforms encoded putative proteins without transmembrane and intracellular domains.In order to study the responsiveness of the primary corpus luteum (CL) and fetal gonads to eCG, the expression of eLH/CG-R mRNAs was examined by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis during early and mid-pregnancy. All three eLH/CG-R cDNA isoforms (eLH/CG-RA,B,C) were expressed from day 14 to day 83 of pregnancy in the primary CL and from day 44 to day 222 in fetal gonads. Interestingly, the primary CL at days 89 and 151 expressed only truncated eLH/CG-R cDNA isoforms. The relative values of Northern hybridized major 7, 5.7, 3.9 and 1.8 kb eLH/CG-R mRNA transcripts tended to decrease in the primary CL whereas the unique major 1.8 kb eLH/CG-R mRNA was steadily expressed in fetal gonads during pregnancy. These results show that the expression of eLH/CG-R mRNAs occurs in the fetal gonads before ceasing in the primary CL and suggest that eCG may be involved in the gradual transition from a luteal to a feto-placental output of steroids during equine pregnancy.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs in Latin America
Authors: Montalvan-Sanchez Eleazar E. , Norwood Dalton A. , Dougherty Michael , Beas Renato , Guranizo-Ortiz Maria , Ramirez-Rojas Miriam , Morgan Douglas R. , Imperiale Thomas F. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceColorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with increasing incidence and mortality in Latin America. CRC screening programs can reduce disease burden, but information on screening programs in Latin America is limited.ObjectiveTo describe characteristics (eg, type of program, uptake, neoplastic yield) of CRC screening programs in Latin America.Data SourcesPubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, LILACS, and SciELO were searched from inception to February 2023. Relevant references from bibliographies, conference proceedings, and gray literature were considered. The search strategy included English, Spanish, and Portuguese terms.Study SelectionIncluded were studies of CRC screening programs in Latin America using fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or colonoscopy as the primary screening method. Four reviewers independently assessed study eligibility based on titles, with review of abstracts and full texts as needed.Data Extraction and SynthesisGuidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed for data abstraction and quality assessment. Descriptive information was extracted, and data were pooled using a random-effects model.Main outcomes and MeasuresProgram performance indicators included rates of participation and FIT positivity, adenoma detection rate (ADR), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), CRC detection rate, and colonoscopy quality indicators.ResultsThere were 17 studies included from upper middle-income and high-income countries in Latin America with a total of 123 929 participants. Thirteen studies used FIT as the initial screening method, whereas 4 used screening colonoscopy. The participation rate in FIT-based programs was 85.8% (95% CI, 78.5%-91.4%). FIT positivity rates were 15.2% (95% CI, 9.6%-21.8%) for the 50-ng/mL threshold and 9.7% (95% CI, 6.8%-13.0%) for the 100-ng/mL threshold. For FIT-based studies, the pooled ADR was 39.0% (95% CI, 29.3%-49.2%) and CRC detection rate was 4.9% (95% CI, 2.6%-7.9%); for screening colonoscopy–based studies, the pooled ADR was 19.9% (95% CI, 15.5%-24.8%) and CRC detection rate was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.8%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that CRC screening in upper middle-income countries in Latin America is feasible, detecting rates of neoplasia comparable with those of high-income regions. Population-based screening programs should be developed or enhanced in these settings. There is a knowledge gap regarding feasibility and yield of screening programs in lower middle-income countries.
Association of Skin Microbiome Dynamics With Radiodermatitis in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Hülpüsch Claudia , Neumann Avidan Uriel , Reiger Matthias , Fischer Julius Clemens , de Tomassi Amedeo , Hammel Gertrud , Gülzow Carina , Fleming Megan , Dapper Hendrik , Mayinger Michael , Vogel Marco , Ertl Christina , Combs Stephanie Elisabeth , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Borm Kai Joachim 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe interindividual differences in severity of acute radiation dermatitis are not well understood. To date, the pathomechanism and interplay of microbiome and radiodermatitis before and during treatment remain largely unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the association of skin microbiome baseline composition and dynamics with severity of radiodermatitis in patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA longitudinal prospective pilot observational study was conducted between January 2017 and January 2019. Sequencing results were received in March 2021, and the data were analyzed from August 2021 to March 2023. This study was performed at an urban academic university cancer center. A total of 21 female patients with breast cancer after surgery were consecutively approached, of which 1 patient withdrew consent before the study started.ExposureAdjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer for 7 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the association of baseline skin microbiome composition and its dynamics with the severity of radiodermatitis. A total of 360 skin microbiome samples from patients were analyzed, taken before, during, and after radiotherapy, from both the treated and contralateral healthy sides. The skin microbiome samples were analyzed using 16S (V1-V3) amplicon sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction bacterial enumeration.ResultsTwenty female patients with breast cancer after surgery who underwent radiotherapy enrolled in the study had a median (range) age of 61 (37-81) years. The median (range) body mass index of the patients was 24.2 (17.6-38.4). The 16S sequencing revealed that low (&amp;lt;5%) relative abundance of commensal skin bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Cutibacterium acnes) at baseline composition was associated with the development of severe radiodermatitis with an accuracy of 100% (sensitivity and specificity of 100%, P &amp;lt; .001). Furthermore, in patients with severe radiodermatitis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction bacterial enumeration revealed a general non–species-specific overgrowth of skin bacterial load before the onset of severe symptoms. Subsequently, the abundance of commensal bacteria increased in severe radiodermatitis, coinciding with a decline in total bacterial load.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this observational study indicated a potential mechanism associated with the skin microbiome for the pathogenesis of severe radiodermatitis, which may be a useful biomarker for personalized prevention of radiodermatitis in patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer.
Enhanced ·OH‐Scavenging Activity of Cu‐CeOx Nanozyme via Resurrecting Macrophage Nrf2 Transcriptional Activity Facilitates Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Zhu Ziyang , Ding Jingxin , Qin Muyan , Wang Lingtian , Jiang Dajun , Zhao Jinhui , Wang Deping , Jia Weitao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiabetic wounds are a prevalent and devastating complication of diabetes, which may impede their healing and regeneration. In diabetic wounds, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the nuclear factor kappa‐B pathway, leading to transcriptional silencing of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), resulting in a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and inflammation. Conventional nanozymes have limitations in preventing the continuous production of ROS, including the most oxidizing reactive hydroxyl radical (·OH), although they can remove pre‐existing ROS. Herein, a novel antioxidant nanoplatform addresses this challenge by incorporating JSH‐23 into the mesoporous of cupric‐doped cerium oxide nanozymes. Additionally, for rapid wound adaptability and durable tissue adhesion, a nanozyme hydrogel spray consisting of oxidized sodium alginate and methacrylate gelatin is constructed, named OG@CCJs. This platform resurrects Nrf2 transcriptional activity of macrophages in vitro, curbing the production of ROS at its source, particularly ·OH, while enabling the nanozymes to scavenge previously generated ROS. OG@CCJs significantly alleviate oxidative stress in diabetic wounds in vivo, promoting wound healing. Overall, the proposed nanozyme‐hydrogel spray with enhanced ·OH‐scavenging activity uses a “two‐track” antioxidant strategy to rebuild the antioxidant defense barrier of macrophages. This pioneering approach highlights the tremendous potential of OG@CCJs for facilitating diabetic wound healing.
Turning Threat to Therapy: A Nanozyme‐Patch in Surgical Bed for Convenient Tumor Vaccination by Sustained In Situ Catalysis
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Dong Min , Pan Yuhang , Zhang Lu , Lei Haozhuo , Zheng Yuanzhe , Shi Yanbin , Liu Shuang , Li Nan , Wang Yalong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComplete surgical resection of tumor is difficult as the invasiveness of cancer, making the residual tumor a lethal threat to patients. The situation is deteriorated by the immune suppression state after surgery, which further nourishes tumor recurrence and metastasis. Immunotherapy is promising to combat tumor metastasis, but is limited by severe toxicity of traditional immunostimulants and complexity of multiple functional units. Here, it is reported that the simple “trans‐surgical bed” delivery of Cu2−xSe nanozyme (CSN) by a microneedle‐patch can turn the threat to therapy by efficient in situ vaccination. The biocompatible CSN exhibits both peroxidase and glutathione oxidase‐like activities, efficiently exhausting glutathione, boosting free radical generation, and inducing immunogenic cell death. The once‐for‐all inserting of the patch on surgical bed facilitates sustained catalytic action, leading to drastic decrease of recurrence rate and complete suppression of tumor‐rechallenge in cured mice. In vivo mechanism interrogation reveals elevated cytotoxic T cell infiltration, re‐educated macrophages, increased dendritic cell maturation, and memory T cells formation. Importantly, preliminary metabolism and safety evaluation validated that the metal accumulation is marginable, and the important biochemical indexes are in normal range during therapy. This study has provided a simple, safe, and robust tumor vaccination approach for postsurgical metastasis control.
Self‐Disassembling and Oxygen‐Generating Porphyrin‐Lipoprotein Nanoparticle for Targeted Glioblastoma Resection and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Yaoxing , Ma Yuxiao , Shi Kexin , Chen Huan , Han Xiao , Wei Chenxuan , Lyu Yingqi , Huang Yukun , Yu Renhe , Song Yun , Song Qingxiang , Jiang Jiyao , Feng Junfeng , Lin Yingying , Chen Jun , Chen Hongzhuan , Zheng Gang , Gao Xiaoling , Jiang Gan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe dismal prognosis for glioblastoma multiform (GBM) patients is primarily attributed to the highly invasive tumor residual that remained after surgical intervention. The development of precise intraoperative imaging and postoperative residual removal techniques will facilitate the gross total elimination of GBM. Here, a self‐disassembling porphyrin lipoprotein‐coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles (PLCNP) is developed to target GBM via macropinocytosis, allowing for fluorescence‐guided surgery of GBM and improving photodynamic treatment (PDT) of GBM residual by alleviating hypoxia. By reducing self‐quenching and enhancing lysosome escape efficiency, the incorporation of calcium peroxide (CaO2) cores in PLCNP amplifies the fluorescence intensity of porphyrin‐lipid. Furthermore, the CaO2 core has diminished tumor hypoxia and improves the PDT efficacy of PLCNP, enabling low‐dose PDT and reversing tumor progression induced by hypoxia aggravation following PDT. Taken together, this self‐disassembling and oxygen‐generating porphyrin‐lipoprotein nanoparticle may serve as a promising all‐in‐one nanotheranostic platform for guiding precise GBM excision and empowering post‐operative PDT, providing a clinically applicable strategy to combat GBM in a safe and effective manner.
Triboelectric Energy Harvesting from Highly Conjugated Fused Aromatic Ladder Structure Under Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Saqib Qazi Muhammad , Ahmad Ishfaq , Mannan Abdul , Mahmood Javeed , Ameen Shahid , Patil Chandrashekhar S. , Noman Muhammad , Kim Jungmin , Okyay Mahmut Sait , Patil Swapnil R. , Ko Youngbin , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Wong Bryan M. , Kim BongSoo , Bae Jinho , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPractical application of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has been challenging, particularly, under harsh environmental conditions. This work proposes a novel 3D‐fused aromatic ladder (FAL) structure as a tribo‐positive material for TENGs, to address these challenges. The 3D‐FAL offers a unique materials engineering platform for tailored properties, such as high specific surface area and porosity, good thermal and mechanical stability, and tunable electronic properties. The fabricated 3D‐FAL‐based TENG reaches a maximum peak power density of 451.2 µW cm−2 at 5 Hz frequency. More importantly, the 3D‐FAL‐based TENG maintains stable output performance under harsh operating environments, over wide temperature (−45–100 °C) and humidity ranges (8.3–96.7% RH), representing the development of novel FAL for sustainable energy generation under challenging environmental conditions. Furthermore, the 3D‐FAL‐based TENG proves to be a promising device for a speed monitoring system engaging reconstruction in virtual reality in a snowy environment.
The Microscopic Mechanism of Lithiation and Delithiation in the Ag/C Buffer Layer for Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Xie Fengyu , Diallo Mouhamad Said , Kim Haegyeom , Tu Qingsong Howard , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLithium metal solid‐state batteries (LMSSBs) have demonstrated their high energy density and cycling performance at high current densities in an anode‐free architecture, featuring a thin Ag/C composite buffer layer (BL) between the current collector (CC) and the solid electrolyte (SE). This study explains the microscopic mechanism of the Ag/C BL by using first‐principles atomistic and continuum modeling. It is shown that Ag effectively acts as a homogeneous solid‐solution beyond AgLi2.32 and maintains a positive potential even at AgLi25 during lithiation. Key factors underlying the working of the Ag/C BL include lower interfacial resistance at the BL/CC interface than at the BL/SE interface, leading to predominant Li deposition on BL/CC, and substantial Ag–Li volume expansion during lithiation. This, combined with stronger BL/SE adhesion, causes BL/SE separation and Ag–Li extrusion toward the CC side. During delithiation, Ag re‐precipitates as nanoparticles uniformly on the CC, with its positive lithiation potential homogenizing Li currents in subsequent cycles. Other metals are less effective due to their relatively large overpotential, premature lithiation termination, and limited volume expansions hindering movement toward the CC. The study aids the BL design, focusing on metal choice and optimization material and microstructural properties, such as the Li‐ion conductivity and interfacial resistance.
10 mAh cm−2 Cathode by Roll‐to‐Roll Process for Low Cost and High Energy Density Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Jiwoon , Park Keemin , Kim Minsung , Lee Hyungjun , Choi Junghyun , Park Ho Bum , Kim Hansu , Jang Jaeyoung , Kim Young‐Hoon , Song Taeseup , Paik Ungyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRoll‐to‐roll dry processing enables the manufacture of high energy density and low cost Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, as the thickness of the electrode fabricated by dry processing becomes greater (≥10 mAh cm−2), Li‐ion migration resistance (Rion) and charge‐transfer resistance (Rct) in the electrode dramatically increase due to long diffusion lengths for Li‐ion and electron. Therefore, it is important to reduce diffusion lengths in the electrode to achieve high energy density LIBs. The dry electrode with a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 and low resistance can be achieved by following three characteristics. First, the fibrillization behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder is controlled by adjusting the processing temperature during the fibrillization process, which enables uniform distribution of PTFE binder and carbon black (CB). Second, pore size/distribution and conducting network are engineered by multi‐dimensional conducting agents, enhancing Li‐ions and electrons transport in the electrode. Finally, the structural integrity of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) particles is improved without fractures, which enables uniform pore distribution in the electrode by controlling the calendering step. The prepared 10 mAh cm−2 dry electrode with homogeneous microstructure shows reduced Rion and Rct due to short diffusion lengths, which improves electrochemical performances in LIBs with a high volumetric energy density of ≈710 Wh L−1.
Altered cerebellar and caudate gray‐matter volumes and structural covariance networks preceding dual cognitive and mobility impairments in older people
Authors: Lee Pei‐Lin , Chou Kun‐Hsien , Lee Wei‐Ju , Peng Li‐Ning , Chen Liang‐Kung , Lin Ching‐Po , Liang Chih‐Kuang , Chung Chih‐Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe neuroanatomical changes driving both cognitive and mobility impairments, an emerging preclinical dementia syndrome, are not fully understood. We examined gray‐matter volumes (GMVs) and structural covariance networks (SCNs) abnormalities in community‐based older people preceding the conversion to physio‐cognitive decline syndrome (PCDS).METHODSVoxel‐wise brain GMV and established SCNs were compared between PCDS and non‐PCDS converters.RESULTSThe study included 343 individuals (60.2 ± 6.9 years, 49.6% men) with intact cognitive and mobility functions. Over an average 5.6‐year follow‐up, 116 transitioned to PCDS. Identified regions with abnormal GMVs in PCDS converters were over cerebellum and caudate, which served as seeds for SCNs establishment. Significant differences in cerebellum‐based (to right frontal pole and left middle frontal gyrus) and caudate‐based SCNs (to right caudate putamen, right planum temporale, left precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left parietal operculum) between converters and nonconverters were observed.DISCUSSIONThis study reveals early neuroanatomic changes, emphasizing the cerebellum's role, in dual cognitive and mobility impairments.Highlights
Neuroanatomic precursors of dual cognitive and mobility impairments are identified.
Cerebellar GMV reductions and increased right caudate GMV precede the onset of PCDS.
Altered cerebellum‐ and caudate‐based SCNs drive PCDS transformation.
This research establishes a foundation for understanding PCDS as a specific dementia syndrome.