bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining repetitive behaviours in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Restrepo-Martínez Miguel , Ramirez-Bermudez Jesus , Chacon-Gonzalez Jacobo , Ruiz-Garcia Ramiro , Malik Rubina , Finger Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Repetitive behaviours are common manifestations of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Patients with FTD exhibit various types of repetitive behaviours with unique behavioural and cognitive substrates, including compulsivity, lack of impulse control, stereotypy and hoarding. Other sources of repetitive behaviours, such as restrictive interests and insistence on sameness, may also be seen in FTD. Although repetitive behaviours are highly prevalent and potentially discriminatory in this population, their expression varies widely between patients, and the field lacks consensus about the classification of these behaviours. Terms used to describe repetitive behaviours in FTD are highly heterogeneous and may lack precise definitions. This lack of harmonization of the definitions for distinct forms of repetitive behaviour limits the ability to differentiate between pathological behaviours and impedes understanding of their underlying mechanisms.
This review examines established definitions of well-characterized repetitive behaviours in other neuropsychiatric disorders and proposes operational definitions applicable to patients with FTD. Building on extant models of repetitive behaviours in non-human and lesion work and models of social behavioural changes in FTD, we describe the potential neurocognitive bases for the emergence of different types of repetitive behaviours in FTD and their potential perpetuation by a predisposition towards habit formation. Finally, examples of distinct therapeutic approaches for different forms of repetitive behaviours are highlighted, along with future directions to accurately classify, measure and treat these symptoms when they impair quality of life.
Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of complement receptor 1 in clonal B cells in cold agglutinin disease
Authors: Małecka Agnieszka , Østlie Ingunn , Trøen Gunhild , Małecki Jędrzej , Delabie Jan , Tierens Anne , Munthe Ludvig A , Berentsen Sigbjørn , Tjønnfjord Geir E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the bone marrow, manifested by autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by binding of monoclonal IgM autoantibodies to the I antigen. Underlying genetic changes have previously been reported, but their impact on gene expression profile has been unknown. Here, we define differentially expressed genes in CAD B cells. To unravel downstream alteration in cellular pathways, gene expression by RNA sequencing was undertaken. Clonal B-cell samples from 12 CAD patients and IgM-expressing memory B cells from 4 healthy individuals were analyzed. Differential expression analysis and filtering resulted in 93 genes with significant differential expression. Top upregulated genes included SLC4A1, SPTA1, YBX3, TESC, HBD, AHSP, TRAF1, HBA2, RHAG, CA1, SPTB, IL10, UBASH3B, ALAS2, HBA1, CRYM, RGCC, KANK2, and IGHV4-34. They were upregulated at least 8-fold, while complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) was downregulated 11-fold in clonal CAD B cells compared to control B cells. Flow cytometry analyses further confirmed reduced CR1 (CD35) protein expression by clonal CAD IgM+ B cells compared to IgM+ memory B cells in controls. CR1 (CD35) is an important negative regulator of B-cell activation and differentiation. Therefore, reduced CR1 (CD35) expression may increase activation, proliferation, and antibody production in CAD-associated clonal B cells.
Multicentre study on late outcomes of biventricular repair of double outlet right ventricle
Authors: Lacour-Gayet François , Zoghbi Joy , Gouton Marielle , Roussin Régine , Bical Olivier , Lucet Vincent , Saint-Pick Marion , Leca Francine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this retrospective multicentre study was to present late surgical outcomes of the treatment of children with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) coming from emerging countries.

METHODS
The Mécénat Chirurgie Cardiaque brings to France for surgery selected children with simple and complex congenital diseases, including DORV. The patients are operated on in 9 hospitals that specialize in paediatric cardiac surgery. Data are collected from the Mécénat Chirurgie Cardiaque comprehensive database, with a strict postoperative follow-up. The patients included only those who had biventricular repair of DORV with 2 viable ventricles. According to the classification of the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, DORV was defined as a congenital cardiovascular malformation in which both great arteries arise entirely or predominantly from the morphologically right ventricle.

RESULTS
From January 1996 to January 2022, a total of 81 consecutive DORV biventricular repair operations were performed. There were 6 subtypes of DORV divided into 2 groups: DORV-committed ventricular septal defect (VSD): DORV-VSD (n = 25), DORV-Fallot (n = 34), DORV-transposition of the great arteries (n = 5); and DORV-non-committed (nc) VSD: DORV-ncVSD-no pulmonary stenosis (PS) (n = 7), DORV-ncVSD-PS (n = 5) and DORV-atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)-PS (n = 5). Four Fontan patients were excluded. Three patients were lost to follow-up (3.4%). The overall perioperative mortality was 7.4% ± 2.6%, 6/81 (95% confidence interval: 2.8%–15.4%) ranging from 0% in DORV-AVSD-PS to 14% for DORV-ncVSD-no PS. The overall 10-year survival was 86%. The early mortality of DORV-ncVSD at 5.9% ± 2.4% (1/17) was similar to that of DORV-committed VSD at 7.8% ± 2.7% (5/64) (P = 0.79). There was a trend towards an optimal outcome for the arterial switch operation and the DORV-AVSD-PS repair. VSD enlargement was significantly more frequent in DORV-ncVSD at 42% (5/12) (P = 0.001). There were low numbers in the complex groups. The number of Fontan cases was noticeably low. The aorta located entirely on the right ventricle represents the fundamental anomaly and the surgical challenge of DORV.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall survival at 10 years was 86%. This study shows a trend towards satisfactory early and late outcomes in BVR of simple DORV with committed VSD, compared to complex DORV with ncVSD.
Connecting the dots: key insights on ParB for chromosome segregation from single-molecule studies
Authors: Tišma Miloš , Kaljević Jovana , Gruber Stephan , Le Tung B K , Dekker Cees 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bacterial cells require DNA segregation machinery to properly distribute a genome to both daughter cells upon division. The most common system involved in chromosome and plasmid segregation in bacteria is the ParABS system. A core protein of this system - partition protein B (ParB) - regulates chromosome organization and chromosome segregation during the bacterial cell cycle. Over the past decades, research has greatly advanced our knowledge of the ParABS system. However, many intricate details of the mechanism of ParB proteins were only recently uncovered using in vitro single-molecule techniques. These approaches allowed the exploration of ParB proteins in precisely controlled environments, free from the complexities of the cellular milieu. This review covers the early developments of this field but emphasizes recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanistic understanding of ParB proteins as revealed by in vitro single-molecule methods. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on future endeavors in investigating ParB, ParB-like proteins, and their interaction partners.
The Parallel Lives of Liddy Bacroff: Transgender (Pre)History and the Tyranny of the Archive in Twentieth-Century Germany
Authors: Ashton Bodie A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pursued by authorities throughout the 1930s, Heinrich Habitz left behind a significant paper trail of official documentation, arrest warrants and imprisonment records. As Germany slipped further under National Socialist oppression, Habitz’s status as a homosexual man who sold sex marked him as a target of police repression. Even after the end of the war, the Hamburg Prosecutor’s Office attempted to locate and again prosecute him under the infamous §175 ‘sodomy law’. By rights, the study of Habitz should provide insights into the continuities of anti-queer repression between authoritarianism and democracy, but for one key point: ‘Heinrich Habitz’ existed only as a paper identity in official bureaucracy, and the ‘man’ authorities repeatedly persecuted was, in fact, a self-identified woman named ‘Liddy Bacroff’. Through a series of semi-autobiographical writings, alongside official paperwork, Liddy Bacroff presents the value of but also the difficulties facing the (re)construction of queer and, in particular, transgender (pre)histories. In this instance, the historian is not just faced with the problem of how this life, and others like it, should be represented in historiographical terms. We are left also with the question of how this victim of National Socialist barbarity should (or rather, can) be remembered: as the paper identity that provided a succession of carceral authorities with the justification to persecute and ultimately murder a cisgender gay man, or as the lived experience of a woman whose unique self-understanding allowed her to carve out her place in a society that otherwise relegated her to its margins.
Diminished Returns of Higher Parental Education on Cognition for Black Adults in Middle and Later Life
Authors: Reynolds Addam , Greenfield Emily A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Mounting evidence suggests that the protective effects of one’s own higher socioeconomic status (SES) on health are diminished among minoritized racial/ethnic groups in the United States. This study extends this area of research to childhood SES and cognition in middle and later life, focusing on the protective effects of higher parental education among non-Hispanic Black and White adults.

Methods
Harmonizing data from individuals ages 50 and older across the Health and Retirement Study, the Study of Midlife in the United States, and the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, we examine whether associations between parental education and two measures of cognition (episodic memory and global cognition) are moderated by racialized identity (non-Hispanic White or Black) using a random-effects individual participant data meta-analysis approach.

Results
Findings indicated a small, but robust, protective effect of higher parental education on both episodic memory and global cognition among adults identified as White. Among adults identified as Black, there was no association between parental education and either cognitive outcome.

Discussion
This study provides evidence that the protective effect of higher parental education on cognition is not the same across racialized populations, consistent with the theory of Minority Diminished Returns. As scholars continue calls for life-course-oriented efforts to reduce racialized cognitive disparities, it is important to consider early-life risk and protective factors in the context of racism.
CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AMONG OLDER MIGRANTS IN EUROPE: EXAMPLES FROM FOUR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Torres Sandra , Ågård Pernilla , Häkkinen Emilia , Dikmans Bas , Peiro-Milian Inma , Serrat Rodrigo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Scholarship on old age social exclusion has identified civic engagement as a research area that deserves empirical attention. Research on older people’s civic engagement has in turn pointed out that experiencing life-course deficits in social capital, and/ or having had a life-course that does not resemble the continuity that social gerontology takes for granted, could put people at risk of becoming civically excluded in old age. These are two of the starting points for the European project known as CIVEX, which aims to study the life-course trajectories of civic engagement in groups of older people that have not yet received enough empirical attention. One of these groups is constituted by those who have migrated to the countries in which they are now based as adults, and whose life-course may therefore be more characterized by discontinuity rather than continuity. Departing from 60 life-course qualitative interviews with older migrants that are based in Sweden, Belgium, Spain and Finland, this presentation will draw attention to the ways in which these older people define civic engagement and the manner in which they describe how their migratory life-courses have impacted their civic engagement. The presentation will argue that there is theorizing potential embedded on the migratory life course, and that this could expand the scholarly imagination on old age social exclusion in general, and civic engagement in particular.
LEVERAGING VIDEO TECHNOLOGY TO DELIVER SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR CARE PARTNERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Mois George , Lydon Elizabeth , Jones Sarah , Rao Ruchira , Rogers Wendy , Mudar Raksha , Raj Minakshi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Care partners of persons with dementia provide critical support towards meeting the needs of their care recipients. Despite the increasing number of family care partners and their growing responsibilities related to caregiving activities, resources available to support their personal needs are limited (e.g., respite from caring, social engagement). Limited opportunities for social engagement can impact care partners’ sense of social connectivity, and ability to maintain their social network. Video technologies present an opportunity to help facilitate social engagement among care partners from the comfort of their homes, however, this area of research is understudied. The goal of our study was to understand the needs and preferences of care partners related to a video technology-based social engagement program. We conducted two focus groups (N=6) with care partners aged 60 or older with experience supporting an family member with dementia for at least six months. Participants watched a demonstration of a social engagement event and engaged in semi structured focus group interviews. We solicited their insights about their needs and preferences, perspectives on utilizing a video technology platform and their attitudes toward the proposed program. Our findings indicate that they see value in participating and are interested in using video technology as long as the program covers diverse topics of interest, there is flexibility in scheduling, and sufficient technology support is offered. The feedback provided by the focus group participants informed the optimization of the program for implementation in a pragmatic clinical trial.
ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF CHATGPT RESPONSES TO DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS’ QUESTIONS POSTED ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Aguirre Alyssa , Hilsabeck Robin , Smith Tawny , Wang Zhendong , Zou Ning , Xie Bo , He Daqing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
ChatGPT, an innovative, dialogue-based large-scale artificial intelligent model that responds to complex natural language inquiries, holds great promise to improve dementia caregivers’ quality of life by providing high-quality responses to meet their information needs. However, limited evidence exists on the quality of ChatGPT responses. This exploratory study aimed to address this gap. We first selected 25 social media posts, verified in our NIH-funded project (R56AG075770) as being representative of dementia caregivers’ needs for information about daily care for memory loss and confusion. We then collected ChatGPT responses in March 2023 and assessed their quality using a 4-item rating scale (1 point for each item; scoring range: 0-4; higher score indicates higher quality). This scale includes (1) Factual: Response contained no inaccurate or false information; (2) Interpretation: Response adequately interpreted the poster’s main need and correctly disregarded non-priority details; (3) Application: Response included both educational information and tangible actions; and (4) Synthesis: Response included follow-up actions (e.g., referrals). Three clinicians, each with 15+ years of experience with dementia caregivers, independently rated the responses. All raters agreed on the ratings for 22 (88%) responses initially; disagreements centered on responses’ comprehensiveness and specificity. After reconciliation, all raters agreed on the ratings: 3 (12%) responses received 3 points and 22 (88%) received 4 points, suggesting high quality. Study limitations included small sample, posts representing only one type of information wanted by caregivers, and potential ceiling effect of the rating scale. In our larger project, we will address these limitations and systematically assess ChatGPT responses.
CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SLEEP DISTURBANCES, DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS
Authors: Dong Fanghong , Hodgson Nancy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Older adults often experience elevated sleep disturbances, depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, the role of sleep disturbances in explaining individual variability in depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults is poorly understood.

Methods
The sample was derived from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative longitudinal study among American older adults. MCI was defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment scored less than 23. Subjective insomnia symptoms and objective sleep measures (total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, percentage sleep) obtained from actigraphy were used. Validated measures on depressive and anxiety symptoms were collected both at round 2(N=645) and round 3(N=456). Multiple regressions were conducted to establish cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep disturbances, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results Cross-sectionally, compared to cognitively intact older adults, severe insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer depressive symptoms(B=0.40, p&lt; 0.01) in older adults with MCI. Severe insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer anxiety symptoms(B=0.13, p&lt; 0.01) in older adults, and no interaction effects were found by MCI groups. Longitudinally, insomnia symptoms at round 2 were associated with poorer depressive symptoms and poorer anxiety symptoms in older adults at round 3, but no interaction effects were found by MCI groups. No significant relationships were found between objective sleep disturbances and depressive/anxiety symptoms both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Conclusions
The findings provide further insight into insomnia symptoms that may be associated with increased risks for developmental depressive and anxiety symptoms. These data suggest that targeting insomnia treatment may confer long-term mental health benefits.
ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING: EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Keefe Bronwyn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ageism is stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination based on a person’s age, and in healthcare includes the implicit biases of providers. Like many other forms of prejudice, ageism contributes to health disparities and differences in health outcomes. The implicit and explicit biases of clinicians can impact clinical practice, leading to medical decisions based on stereotypes and prejudices. There is inconclusive evidence on undergraduate and graduate medical learners’ attitudes towards aging. Some studies have found that learners hold negative associations with aging, while others have found a mix of positive and negative views toward caring for older adults. Educational interventions and intergenerational contact are two important strategies for increasing awareness and reducing ageism. Hence, it is important to discuss ageism with students and create programs and curricula to combat ageism to ensure the best care is provided to all of our patients. This session will present results from an interactive online module designed for 4th-year medical students that explores ageism and bias. Students completed the Expectations Regarding Aging Survey pre-post. Preliminary results at pre-test show that 70% believe that as they get older, they will be more forgetful and 75% believe the human body is like a car: when it’s old, it gets worn out. Healthcare professionals need to understand the existing gaps in health equity that our older adult patients experience that contribute to ageist attitudes. By drawing attention to professionals’ implicit and explicit biases towards aging throughout medical training, we are able to help older adults receive better care.
HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING, SLEEP, AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Weiss Carleara , Lorenz Rebecca 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sleep disturbances have been linked to cognitive and physical decline in older adults. High intensity interval training (HIIT) may resynchronize disrupted sleep-wake cycles, improve sleep quality, and potentially delay detrimental impacts of aging on cognition and physical performance. Comprehensive reviews about the impact of HIIT on cognitive and physical decline in older adults are lacking. A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to evaluate the impact of HIIT upon sleep and cognition. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles. Six publications representing four randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Data from intervention and control groups included 158 participants, predominately female (70.4%) with median age of 69.5 years. Exercise modalities varied across studies; however, duration of 12-weeks was consistent. HIIT reduced objectively measured sleep onset latency and lowered wake after sleep onset compared to no activity and regular physical activity. However, changes in sleep quality with HIIT did not differ from those achieved with stretching exercise and moderate-intensity physical activity. In addition, only one study investigated the impact of HIIT on both sleep and cognition, indicating improvement in cognitive performance and memory but no significant changes in sleep efficiency. Despite the potential for HIIT to improve sleep outcomes, memory, and cognition, more studies are warranted, particularly those that include diverse populations and larger sample sizes, prior to forming recommendations for use in clinical settings and communities.