bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing consistency in the aerobic co-composting of faecal sludge and food waste in a municipality in Ghana
Authors: Nartey Eric Gbenatey , Sakrabani Ruben , Tyrrel Sean , Cofie Olufunke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
A faecal sludge (FS) co-composting study assessed the extent of consistency in compost characteristics between and within batches. The study focused on the consistency of the co-composting process by measuring the variability of key parameters.

Method
The set up consisted of 12 FS and food waste (FW) co-composting piles in three successive batches (1, 2 and 3). Consistency was assessed in the three successive batches of co-composted FS and food waste (FW). Within batches, consistency was assessed in each of them by dividing it into four separate replicate piles. Characteristics of interest were E. coli, as well as selected physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, Mg, Ca, N, NH4-N, NO3-N, P, avail. P, and K) and heavy metals (Se, Fe, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Cr). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS.

Result
Results show that, E. coli levels were not consistent between the successive batches during the entire co-composting process. While variations between batches were only observed for EC and nutrient parameters, variations were evident for several measured characteristics within batches. The measured coefficient of variations (CVs) within batches ranged between 0–125% and 3–111% for heavy metals and nutrients, respectively.

Conclusion
In conclusion, there was less consistency in nutrients between successive batches and CV within batches was wide. Consistency levels for E. coli may not be an issue if pathogen inactivation is complete.

Recommendation
It is recommended that a threshold value be created for determining what is an acceptable level of variation in FS co-composting.
Provenance differentiation and earth surface process of the Mu Us sandy land constrained by detrital zircon U–Pb dating
Authors: He Mengying , Zhang Wanying , Wang Bin , Zheng Hongbo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the provenance and sediment surface processes of the Mu Us sandy land (MU) is critical for comprehending aeolian deposits and dust transportation in inland Asia and the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). In this study, we analyzed the detrital zircon U–Pb ages in the sediments of the MU, together with the previously collected data from sediments in the Hobq desert and CLP. Our findings demonstrate that there is spatial heterogeneity in the sediment characteristics of the MU and Hobq regions, with noticeable differences between northeastern and southwestern areas. In addition, the northeastern part of the CLP displays significant dissimilarities from other regions of the CLP. The NE MU, Eastern Hobq, and NE CLP inherit the main characteristics of basement rocks from the Western North China Craton, with prominent age ranges of 1600–2200 Ma and 2200–2800 Ma, indicating that this region is likely more controlled by in-situ weathering and recycling. In contrast, the SW MU, West-Middle Hobq and most parts of CLP show multiple sources, with a higher proportion of 200–350 Ma and 350–600 Ma, reflecting that the aeolian deposits in this area may be associated with more frequent earth surface processes such as sand-driving winds and fluvial transport. Although all three regions are situated within the square bend of the Yellow River and under the prevailing winds direction, sediments in the first two areas appear to have a more mixed contribution of both local and distal sources. In contrast, deposits in the CLP region were primarily sourced from the northeast Tibetan Plateau via the upper Yellow River. This indicates a variation in dust sources from north to south and suggests that the MU is part of the same sedimentary system as the CLP, rather than its direct source.
How to use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data: research design and methodology
Authors: Che Wen-Qiang , Li Yuan-Jie , Tsang Chi-Kwan , Wang Yu-Jiao , Chen Zheng , Wang Xiang-Yu , Xu An-Ding , Lyu Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the United States (US), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program is the only comprehensive source of population-based information that includes stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis and patient survival data. This program aims to provide a database about cancer incidence and survival for studies of surveillance and the development of analytical and methodological tools in the cancer field. Currently, the SEER program covers approximately half of the total cancer patients in the US. A growing number of clinical studies have applied the SEER database in various aspects. However, the intrinsic features of the SEER database, such as the huge data volume and complexity of data types, have hindered its application. In this review, we provided a systematic overview of the commonly used methodologies and study designs for retrospective epidemiological research in order to illustrate the application of the SEER database. Therefore, the goal of this review is to assist researchers in the selection of appropriate methods and study designs for enhancing the robustness and reliability of clinical studies by mining the SEER database.
A rare case of inflammatory myofibroblast tumor of the stomach successfully treated by inverted laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery
Authors: Kimura Naoya , Hiraki Masatsugu , Akashi Michiaki , Miyahara Koichi , Imamura Minori , Furukawa Shunsuke , Samejima Ryuichiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
An Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare intermediate malignancy characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Various organs are the primary sites of origin. However, primary tumors originating in the stomach tend to be extremely rare, making the diagnosis difficult. Herein, we present a case of IMT originating in the stomach that was effectively managed using inverted laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS).

Case presentation
A 47-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital because of a submucosal tumor that was discovered during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The diameter of the tumor was approximately 20 mm. A KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumor was suspected based on the biopsy findings. Therefore, partial resection of the stomach was performed using inverted laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery. Histopathological examination revealed collagen fiber proliferation from the submucosal layer to the muscular layer, accompanied by infiltration of spindle-shaped cells, lymphocytes, and numerous inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry results were positive for SMA and negative for CD34, desmin, and c-kit. IgG4-positive cells were observed with an IgG4/IgG ratio > 50%, and specific nuclei were positive for ALK. Therefore, IMT was diagnosed. This condition may be difficult to diagnose both before and after surgery because of its rarity and submucosal tumor-like morphology.

Conclusion
When a submucosal tumor originating in the stomach is observed, IMT should be considered. Partial resection of the stomach with LECS and immunohistochemical diagnosis may be useful.
Duplication of the appendix masquerading as appendiceal tumor: a case report
Authors: Shibata Jumpei , Tomida Akihiro , Hattori Masaoki , Hirata Akihiro , Imataki Hiromitsu , Orihara Yukiya , Shintomi Hideharu , Aono Keiya , Yoshihara Motoi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This case report highlights the exceptional rarity of appendix duplication in adults, a condition that closely mimics appendiceal tumors, posing diagnostic challenges. The novelty of this case lies in its presentation of a Type A duplication, emphasizing the diagnostic intricacies involved in distinguishing it from other pathologies.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 69-year-old male with a history of hypertension, hyperuricemia, and duodenal gastric ulcer, who presented with a positive occult blood test. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an appendiceal orifice with atypical hyperemia and edema. Subsequent imaging and biopsy results suggested an appendiceal tumor, prompting laparoscopic ileocecal resection. Intraoperative findings revealed an unremarkable appendix, but histopathological analysis unveiled appendiceal duplication, characterized by bifurcation into two lumens within a thick serosal wall. The patient was discharged without complications.

Conclusions
This case underscores the importance of recognizing appendix duplication as a rare differential diagnosis for appendiceal tumors. Surgeons should remain vigilant, especially in cases of Type A duplication, where preoperative diagnosis remains challenging. Early identification can avert potential complications and missed congenital anomalies.
The potential for Ghana to become a leader in the African hemp industry
Authors: Quansah Amissah Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Global interest in hemp cultivation and utilization is on the rise, presenting both challenges and opportunities for African countries. This article focuses on Ghana’s potential to establish a thriving hemp sector, considering its favorable climate, abundant agricultural resources, and existing policies and programs that support the growth and advancement of the agricultural sector, as well as agro-processing and value addition.

Main body
Ghana’s recent decriminalization of cannabis with low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels marks a progressive step, unlocking opportunities for research, commercial production, and innovation in hemp-related sectors. This regulatory change paves the way for the development of textiles, construction materials, and wellness products derived from hemp. However, the African hemp industry faces various simultaneous challenges, including pest management, absence of regulatory frameworks, limited research, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of access to finance and investment capital for small-scale farmers. Fortunately, several countries that have legalized hemp cultivation and processing have found innovative solutions to these challenges through the use of integrated pest management strategies, establishing collaborations with international standards organizations, implementing public–private partnerships, offering tax incentives for investors, and providing low-interest loans and credit facilities for small-scale farmers. Ghana can draw inspiration from these successful approaches and adapt them to its own context to foster the growth of the hemp industry.

Conclusion
By capitalizing on its strengths and addressing the challenges it is likely to face while developing its hemp industry, Ghana can position itself as a leader in the African hemp industry. This position of leadership would not only drive economic growth, but also create job opportunities and foster sustainable development through responsible hemp cultivation and utilization.
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and indirect bilirubin may participate in systemic inflammation of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Wang Xu , Mao Yan , Ji Shang , Hu Huanrong , Li Qian , Liu Lichao , Shi Shaomin , Liu Yaling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have suggested that systemic metabolic abnormalities are closely related to psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL), two essential active substances in hepatic metabolism that have been demonstrated as an oxidative and anti-oxidative factor respectively, have been proved to be involved in oxidative stress damage and inflammation in several human diseases. However, their role in PsA remains unclear.

Methods
In this retrospective comparative cohort study, a case group of 68 PsA patients and a control group of 73 healthy volunteers from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled. Serum GGT, IBIL, GGT/IBIL ratio and C-reactive protein (CRP), a well applied bio-marker of systemic inflammatory in PsA, were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the relationship of GGT, IBIL and GGT/IBIL with CRP were explored in PsA patients. Finally, the patients were divided into high inflammation group and low inflammation group according to the median value of CRP. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for the association of systemic inflammation level with GGT, IBIL and GGT/IBIL.

Results
Compared with healthy controls, PsA patients exhibited significantly higher serum GGT, GGT/IBIL, and CRP levels and lower IBIL levels. Serum GGT and GGT/IBIL were positively correlated with CRP, whereas IBIL were negatively correlated with CRP. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that serum GGT was a risk factor for high CRP in PsA, whereas IBIL was a protective factor. Furthermore, GGT/IBIL was a better indicator of high CRP condition in PsA patients than either GGT or IBIL alone, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curves.

Conclusion
GGT and IBIL may participate in the pathogenesis of PsA. Additionally, GGT, IBIL and the balance of the two may reflect systemic inflammation mediated by oxidative stress events related to metabolic abnormalities to a certain extent.
Prevention of severe lung immunopathology associated with influenza infection through adeno-associated virus vector administration
Authors: Choi Eun Ah , Park Hi Jung , Choi Sung Min , Lee Jae Il , Jung Kyeong Cheon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have long posed a threat to humans, occasionally causing significant morbidity and mortality. The initial immune response is triggered by infected epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. However, an exaggerated innate immune response can result in severe lung injury and even host mortality. One notable pathology observed in hosts succumbing to severe influenza is the excessive influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the lung. In this study, we investigated a strategy for controlling lung immunopathology following severe influenza infection.

Results
To evaluate the impact of innate immunity on influenza-associated lung injury, we employed CB17.SCID and NOD.SCID mice. NOD.SCID mice exhibited slower weight loss and longer survival than CB17.SCID mice following influenza infection. Lung inflammation was reduced in NOD.SCID mice compared to CB17.SCID mice. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis of lung tissue showed significant downregulation of 827 genes, and differentially expressed gene analysis indicated that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was predominantly downregulated in NOD.SCID mice. Interestingly, the expression of the Cxcl14 gene was higher in the lungs of influenza-infected NOD.SCID mice than in CB17.SCID mice. Therefore, we induced overexpression of the Cxcl14 gene in the lung using the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-vector system for target gene delivery. However, when we administered the AAV9 vector carrying the Cxcl14 gene or a control AAV9 vector to BALB/c mice from both groups, the morbidity and mortality rates remained similar. Both groups exhibited lower morbidity and mortality than the naive group that did not receive the AAV9 vector prior to IAV infection, suggesting that the pre-administration of the AAV9 vector conferred protection against lethal influenza infection, irrespective of Cxcl14 overexpression. Furthermore, we found that pre-inoculation of BALB/c mice with AAV9 attenuated the infiltration of trans-macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes in the lungs following IAV infection. Although there was no difference in lung viral titers between the naive group and the AAV9 pre-inoculated group, pre-inoculation with AAV9 conferred lung injury protection against lethal influenza infection in mice.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that pre-inoculation with AAV9 prior to IAV infection protected mouse lungs from immunopathology by reducing the recruitment of inflammatory cells.
Costs of Cancer Prevention: Physical and Psychosocial Sequelae of Risk-Reducing Total Gastrectomy
Authors: Gallanis Amber F. , Gamble Lauren A. , Samaranayake Sarah G. , Lopez Rachael , Rhodes Amanda , Rajasimhan Suraj , Fasaye Grace-Ann , Juma Olvan , Connolly Maureen , Joyce Stacy , Berger Ann , Heller Theo , Blakely Andrew M. , Hernandez Jonathan M. , Davis Jeremy L. 
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE Risk-reducing surgery for cancer prevention in solid tumors is a pressing clinical topic because of the increasing availability of germline genetic testing. We examined the short- and long-term outcomes of risk-reducing total gastrectomy (RRTG) and its lesser-known impacts on health-related quality of life (QOL) in individuals with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. METHODS Individuals who underwent RRTG as part of a single-institution natural history study of hereditary gastric cancers were examined. Clinicopathologic details, acute and chronic operative morbidity, and health-related QOL were assessed. Validated questionnaires were used to determine QOL scores and psycho-social-spiritual measures of healing. RESULTS One hundred twenty-six individuals underwent RRTG because of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline CDH1 variant between October 2017 and December 2021. Most patients (87.3%; 110/126) had pT1aN0 gastric carcinoma with signet ring cell features on final pathology. Acute (<30 days) postoperative major morbidity was low (5.6%; 7/126) and nearly all patients (98.4%) lost weight after total gastrectomy. At 2 years after gastrectomy, 94% (64/68) of patients exhibited at least one chronic complication (ie, bile reflux, dysphagia, and micronutrient deficiency). Occupation change (23.5%), divorce (3%), and alcohol dependence (1.5%) were life-altering consequences attributed to total gastrectomy by some patients. In patients with a median follow-up of 24 months, QOL scores decreased at 1 month after gastrectomy and returned to baseline by 6-12 months. CONCLUSION RRTG is associated with life-changing adverse events that should be discussed when counseling patients with CDH1 variants about gastric cancer prevention. The risks of cancer-prevention surgery should not only be judged in the context of likelihood of death due to disease if left untreated, but also based on the real consequences of organ removal.
The Doubling Self
Authors: Butler Anne Marie E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Tunisian state and Tunisian cultural systems that predate it dictate social and material realities for Tunisian women. Where these systems of authority conflict, a woman may feel that she is herself in the reality she inhabits, yet she is also an other who surveils herself, resulting in a self/other dichotomy. Surrealism, while frequently associated with early twentieth-century Europe, is a liberatory approach that stretches across global art, poetry, and literature. One of its primary objectives is to challenge accepted realities. This article argues that artworks by the contemporary Tunisian artists Meriem Bouderbala and Najah Zarbout invoke the aesthetics and ideologies of surrealism to mediate the ground between the embodied self and the observer self through portrayals of female sexuality as constituted by multilayered selves. In doing so, they evoke a surrealist history of vision, doubling, and mirroring, reframing the female body as an absent presence that eludes surveillance and regulation.
Strategies for the Development of Preferential Territories in the System of Strategic Planning Documents in Russia
Authors: Sorokina Natalia 
Published: October 2023

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the current issues of research on preferential territories leaves the issues of strategic planning of their development outside of active scientific and public discussions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the “targeting” of strategic planning documents for preferential territories to address issues of spatial development of the Russian Federation.
The object of the study was the special economic zones (SEZ) of the technology innovative type. It is concluded that the long-term goals and objectives of the SEZ as a whole correspond to the strategic guidelines for the development of the country and the priorities of the strategies for the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Federation where they operate, however, issues of spatial development in planning documents are given secondary attention.
In the long-term planning documents of the SEZ, there is a connection with the key strategic planning documents developed as part of goal-setting at the federal and regional levels, and with the strategies for the socio-economic development of the regions in which they operate; there are references to the strategic planning documents of the lower level — to the strategies of socio-economic development of municipalities. The lack of connection with the priorities, goals and objectives of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation as the most important strategic planning document developed within the framework of goal-setting on a territorial basis, as well as with the development strategies of resident companies, was noted. The necessity of forming a state strategy for the development of preferential territories, which should become an integral part of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation, is substantiated.
Cutaneous mucormycosis in a young immunocompetent trauma patient: a case report
Authors: Silva André , Paiva Christine , Baptista João Pedro , Almeida Rui , Alves Rita 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Mucormycosis, a rare and life-threatening infection, is caused by microorganisms of the Mucorales order. It affects almost exclusively immunocompromised and diabetic patients, requiring extensive surgical debridement and prolonged antifungal therapy. Discussion/Results: We report the case of a 26-year-old immunocompetent woman, presenting with cutaneous mucormycosis after suffering blunt force trauma. This rare occurrence of mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient reinforces the importance of elevated clinical suspicion and early initiation of adequate surgical and antifungal treatment. Conclusion: Mucormycosis is a challenging condition with potentially devastating consequences. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are vital to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.
Hijab Discourse in Indonesia: Unraveling the Narratives of Freedom, Religion, and Media Representation
Authors: Andina Tri Kurnia Revul 
Published: October 2023

This study delves into the intricate narratives surrounding the hijab in Indonesia, exploring the multifaceted perspectives presented by Deutsche Welle (DW) Indonesia, a transnational media entity. In the context of Indonesia, a nation characterized by religious diversity, the hijab has become a focal point of discussions, particularly concerning its compulsory nature and its implications for women's freedom and religious identity. The study critically analyzes DW's portrayal of hijab-wearing Indonesian Muslim women, highlighting the interplay between media representations, cultural identities, and societal perceptions. Employing Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis, the research examines the subject-object positions within DW's coverage, unraveling the complexities of hijab discourse. Through the examination of DW Indonesia's coverage, the study reveals diverse perspectives, emphasizing the non-compulsory nature of hijab, the potential limitations it imposes on women, and the societal pressures associated with wearing it. However, the research underscores the need for a cautious interpretation of these narratives, recognizing the inherent complexities of individual choices, sociocultural backgrounds, and religious beliefs. The study also addresses the influence of global perceptions and Western biases, urging a critical approach to media representations. The research not only contributes to the scholarly discourse on media representations but also critically examines the intersection between religion, freedom, and media influence in contemporary Indonesian society.