bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Responses to Forced Mass Migration – American Perspectives
Authors: Harrington Alexandra R 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Mass migration, including forced mass migration, in the Americas tends to conjure images of illegal immigration, most frequently from Latin America to the United States. The reality of forced mass migration in the Americas is, however, quite different, complex and multifaceted. Set against the backdrop of political turmoil and increased threats of environmental changes, forced mass migration in the Americas is highly nuanced and requires a flexible legal and organizational framework. This requirement has been consistently met through a series of international and regional treaties and norms as well as through the flexibility of regional organizations in responding to new or dramatically increasing forced mass migration patterns. This paper outlines these responses and trends through the lens of the mass migration from Venezuela. It asserts that how international and regional law, organizations, and States have responded to this crisis presents an example of the ways that legal responses to forced mass migrations have been implemented in the Americas.
The African Union’s Response to Forced Migration: Reinforcing the Nexus between Peace and Security and Refugee/IDP Protection
Authors: Ncube Swikani 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Africa is home to millions of displaced persons–IDPs and refugees–a trend that has its genesis in the pre-independence armed struggles and is currently perpetuated by internal conflicts that plague most parts of the continent. Although the challenge has been a permanent phenomenon since the days of the Organisation of African Unity, the continental organization, now the African Union, has failed to craft a response strategy that addresses both forced displacement and the conundrum of protracted refugee situations. This article argues for a policy reformulation that situates the problem of displacement within the core of Africa’s peace and security framework (the APSA). It posits that this approach addresses both causes of forced displacement and the welfare of the displaced. At a policy level, the approach permeates good governance, peace, security and economic strategies of the Union.
Crime of Aggression before Domestic Courts: Some Contemporary Challenges
Authors: Svaček Ondřej 
Published: February 2024

Summary
The article focuses on contemporary challenges concerning the domestic prosecution of the crime of aggression. These challenges have one common feature, that they deal with the scope of jurisdiction over crime of aggression at a domestic level. The author analyses applicability of jurisdictional immunity (based on the principle pars in parem non habet iurisdictionem), immunity of State officials, both personal (ratione personae) and material (ratione materiae), and finally also the availability of universal jurisdiction in relation to the crime of aggression. The contribution is built on the presumption that even though each category of crimes under international law has its unique characteristics, they all share some common definitional features, reflected among else in the famous Cassese’s definition of crime under international law. The author argues that all crimes under international law are to be treated uniformly as much as possible, and therefore – relatedly – there should not be any unsubstantiated differences in standing of the crime of aggression comparing to standing of remaining categories of crimes under international law.
Drones on the Frontline: Charting the Use of Drones in the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict and How Their Use May Be Violating International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Sotoudehfar Saba , Sarkin Jeremy Julian 
Published: February 2024

Summary
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been widely recognized as one of the most significant threats to peace and security in Europe since World War II. The large-scale proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles in this conflict reveals how drones and autonomous weapons systems are transforming warfare. At the same time, they are raising concerns about the way conflicts are being fought, and how international peace and security is being secured through international humanitarian law. This article therefore provides a deep empirical analysis of the types of drones being deployed in the war between Russia and Ukraine, and their specific contributions to the conflict. The study provides several charts that indicate the make of the drones being used, their type, and the function of each drone employed by both parties to the conflict. The charts highlight various parameters such as maximum speed, endurance, and altitude capabilities. The empirical part of the article then feeds into the second part of the article which delves into the question of whether the drones being used there meet the requirements of the principles of distinction and proportionality as mandated in international humanitarian law. It argues that there seems to be evidence of indiscriminate attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, and investigations need to be carried out to determine whether there should be accountability. The article argues that the artificial intelligence being used in drones make them distinct from ordinary weapons as it is their autonomy to make decisions which ensures that accountability for IHL violations is problematic. The article argues that IHL ought to be reformed to deal with these new warfare capabilities.
The Right to a Fair Trial and the Administration of Justice in the Polish Judiciary System During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Michalska-Guzik Magdalena 
Published: February 2024

Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disturbed people’s lives all over the world for many months and it has had a weighty impact on all spheres of life, both in terms of the private sphere of individuals and in relation to the functioning of state institutions, including courts. To protect public health and limit the number of infected citizens, it became necessary for state authorities to introduce emergency measures, some of which resulted in far-reaching restrictions on human rights – and the right to a fair trial was no exception. This article aims at presenting the way in which the Polish judiciary functioned during the pandemic, as well as the main problems related to exercising the right to a fair trial during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a lack of openness of court proceedings, remote hearings and the removal of the collegiality of judicial adjudication in most civil cases.
The Development of State and National Symbols in Central Europe: Common Historical Experiences and Unique Characteristics in the History of Symbols of Five Countries
Authors: Tóth Zoltán J. , Frumarová Kateřina , Škrobák Ján , Syryt Aleksandra , Kruzslicz Péter , Flander Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

Summary
State symbols can be considered an important element of the existence of every independent state. State symbols perform important functions both internally and externally (in relation to other countries and international communities). State symbols developed and changed along with the development of the given state and society. The article deals with the development of state symbols in five Central European countries, namely the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary and Slovenia. The authors analyze the individual state symbols of these states, their development and meaning, at the same time pointing out differences, but also similarities within these European states and their often common history.
Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Project Management: A Shift in Standards?
Authors: Bednarz Ariadna , Matejun Marek , Rzeźnicki Adam , Zgoła Monika , Kozłowski Remigiusz , Marczak Michał , Borkowska-Bierć Marta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic was a shock event for many sectors, with the healthcare sector undoubtedly being the one most affected.

Aim
The study sought to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on project management within the healthcare industry, as this is the sector with the potential to implement innovations that mitigate such shocks in the foreseeable future.

Methods
The study was conducted between March and July 2023 by surveying professionally active individuals employed in hospitals who had experience in project implementation within the last five years. To discern the potential impact of the pandemic on project management practices in healthcare systems, we designed a specific survey questionnaire. Using a five-point Likert scale, participants assessed the importance of each criterion for their specific project. Of the total 389 respondents, there were 144 men and 245 women. The participants reported their involvement in 808 projects in total.

Results
Results show that after the pandemic, the importance of project efficiency and stakeholder satisfaction as factors for project success has increased. Moreover, the study revealed a stronger emphasis on the projects’ impact on the future.

Conclusion
The pandemic has reshaped healthcare project management priorities, with project managers and sponsors collectively striving for recovery and improvement.
Implementation of Crisis Management Phases in Intensive Care Units in the Crisis Situation Resulting from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Borzuchowska Monika , Marczewska Sylwia , Sierocka Aleksandra , Kozłowski Remigiusz , Iltchev Peter , Czapla Tomasz , Marczak Michał 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic was at the heart of a hospital. At that time, nurses working in the ICU were fearing for their lives, with insufficient equipment and disorganisation resulting from the lack of sound knowledge on dealing with and preventing the transmission of the virus. The ward nurses experienced crisis management, without proper knowledge of the subject.

Aim
The purpose of this study is to analyse the management conditions in the ICU in Poland, in a crisis situation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The quantitative research was carried out in Poland, on a group of nurses from the ICU, using a questionnaire distributed online.

Results
The results of the assessment of ICU’s preparedness in the event of a crisis, including the prevention, preparation, response and recovery phases, were presented. forty respondents took part in the study. Taking into account the average number of responses in the survey, they rated the Response phase as the highest one (30/40), followed by the Prevention phase (28/40) and the Preparation phase (26/40), and the Recovery phase as the lower one (11/40).

Conclusions
The crisis situation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has weakened the unprepared Health Care System, and therefore conclusions must be drawn from that experience. An important element of maintaining the efficiency of the ICU during a pandemic is sound knowledge, risk assessment and nurse education. At such a time it is equally important to prepare a crisis management plan and to assess it while it is being implemented, as well as to ensure the safety of the patients and ICU nurses.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND SELF-EFFICACY TO GEN Z’S JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Sanlia Vera , Turangan Joyce A. 
Published: February 2024

Human resources are needed to carry out daily activities, such as engaging in interactions and communication within a community (work environment, organization, and other activities). Based on previous research, there are still differences in research findings. This study aims to find the effect of organizational culture, work environment, and self-efficacy on Gen Z’s job satisfaction. Data was collected using a questionnaire with a Google Form which was distributed via social media. The total number of respondents of this study is 130, domiciled in Jakarta with the aged around 18-25 years and have at least worked for 1 year. The data were examined using the SmartPLS 4.0 application. The results of the study show through hypothesis testing that all the independent variables have a positive and significant effect on Gen Z’s job satisfaction.
WHAT STOPS YOU FROM STARTING YOUR OWN BUSINESS? A STUDY CONDUCTED ON STUDENTS OF THE ECONOMY AND BUSINESS FACULTY AT UNIVERSITAS TARUMANAGARA
Authors: Renli Aeron , Wijaya Andi 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to find the effect of perceived loss of financial resources, perceived loss of customer demand, and perceived loss of social support on fear of failure and negative emotion and the influence of fear of failure and negative emotion on entrepreneurial behavior tendency. This research uses non-probability sampling with purposive samples method to obtain 75 students of Faculty of Economics and Business in Universitas Tarumanagara as respondents in this research. The data is collected online through Google Forms. Data collected is processed with partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 4 software. This research shows that perceived loss of financial resources is positively and significantly influenced both fear of failure and negative emotion, perceived loss of customer demand is positively and insignificantly influenced both fear of failure and negative emotion, perceived loss of social support positively and significantly influenced fear of failure, perceived loss of social support positively and insignificantly influenced negative emotion, fear of failure positively and significantly influenced negative emotion, and both fear of failure and negative emotion are positively and insignificantly influenced entrepreneurial behavior tendency.
РОЗВИТОК ЦИФРОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Ковальчук Андрій 
Published: February 2024

У статті розглянуто проблему цифровізація фахової підготовки майбутніх педагогів професійного навчання. Проаналізовано теоретичні праці науковців та вітчизняні й зарубіжні нормативні документи щодо змісту і цифрової компетентності педагога. Визначено, що розвиток цифрової компетентності майбутнього педагога професійного навчання – це систематичний та поетапний процес набуття й удосконалення знань, умінь і навичок, повʼязаних з ефективним використанням цифрових технологій у професійній освіті. Цей процес включає в себе оволодіння основами цифрової грамотності, уміння використовувати різноманітні цифрові інструменти та ресурси, а також здатність інтегрувати цифрові технології в навчальні практики та професійний розвиток.
Threat of murder or serious harm to health: problems of law enforcement and ways to overcome them
Authors: Shutova Yuliya Aleksandrovna 
Published: February 2024

Within the framework of this article, the most common crime against a person is considered - the threat of murder or causing serious harm to health. In the course of studying law enforcement practice, a number of problems arise both in the framework of the implementation of the criminal law norm provided for in Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and in the individualization of criminal legal impact on a person who has made a threat to kill or cause serious harm to health. In this regard, the subject of this study will be: the criminal law norm contained in Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; materials of judicial and investigative practice related to the implementation of the criminal law norm provided for in Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; works on the theory of criminal law, which investigated controversial issues of criminal law and criminological characteristics of the threat of murder or causing serious harm to health; the ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, statistical data and data from its own sociological research. In this article, general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition were used: system-structural, reduction, deductive method, method of interpretation, formal legal method The novelty of the research lies in the formulation of the author's concepts of "mental health" and "social health" of a particular person who is harmed as a result of making a threat of murder or causing serious harm to health. In order to eliminate contradictions arising in the qualification of a threat of murder or serious harm to health committed using mass media, information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, the author has developed a classification of the threat of murder or serious harm to health according to a quantitative criterion and the concept of "grounds to fear the threat". For a uniform understanding by citizens and the correct enforcement of the purpose of making a threat to kill or cause serious harm to health, the author's concept of "intimidation" is formulated. The author gives recommendations on more effective application of aggravating and mitigating circumstances for committing a threat of murder or causing serious harm to health.
Prototipe Sistem Pencegah Banjir dengan Pengontrolan Pintu Air Waduk menggunakan Kontrol PID berbasis PLC & HMI
Authors: Felix Udianto Johanes , Eka Budiyanta Nova , Nur Tajuddin , Siregar Marsul 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of research on this flood prevention system prototype design is to prevent flood caused by overflowing reservoir water. This system prototype uses the Modicon M340 Programmable Logic Controller as a controller and is equipped with a Human Machine Interface feature as a medium for managing and monitoring system performance virtually. This system is supported by a Water-Level Sensor to measure the water level in the reservoir and also the rate of addition of water in the reservoir. The sluice mechanism is driven by a Stepper Motor assisted by the ULN2003 Driver Module based on Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) control to maintain the water level in the reservoir. PID control in this system successfully runs optimally at constant KP = 3.5, KI = 2, and KD = 1, with an error result of 0,048%. This constant has the best response time compared to other constants, where rise time = 11.76 s, settling time = 13.95 s, and steady state time = 14.07 s.
Epidemiology of heart failure in rural Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: KOLE ABHISAKE , AGARWAL ANUP , SETH BHAVNA , SANDHU SUKHMEET , GHALI BASSEM , ARYA PUNEETA , PATIL SUSHIL , JAIN YOGESH , KWAN GENE 
Published: February 2024

Background
Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF), are leading causes of death and disability in India. However, most studies in India only include urban populations or rural regions with improved access and may not represent the poorest patients or regions. We studied the epidemiology of HF patients admitted to a secondary care hospital in rural Chhattisgarh, India.

Methods
We did a retrospective chart review of patients hospitalized with HF in 2018 to obtain their demographic data and risk factors for developing HF. We reviewed echocardio-grams to assign patients to their most probable HF category.

Results
We studied 88 HF patients with a mean age of 42 years including 55 (62.5%) women. The most common categories of HF were cardiomyopathy (36.8%), rheumatic heart disease (RHD; 25.3%) and right heart failure (RHF; 18.4%). Prior tuberculosis was more prevalent in patients with RHF compared with other types of HF (43.8% v. 13.9%).

Conclusions
HF patients in this study from rural central India were young and predominantly women. Cardiomyopathy, RHD and RHF due to past tuberculosis were common causes of HF in this population. Further studies are needed to expand upon these single centre findings to better understand the risk factors and outcomes of HF among the rural poor.
Effect of C70 fullerene derivatives on the transcriptional activity of genes of oxidative metabolism
Authors: Савинова Е.А. , Сергеева В.А. , Ершова Е.С. , Проскурнина Е.В. , Каменева Л.В. , Долгих О.А. , Салимова Т.А. , Вейко Н.Н. , Краевая О.А. , Трошин П.А. , Костюк С.В. 
Published: February 2024

Задачей данного исследования являлось изучение влияния водорастворимых арильных производных фуллерена С70 на транскрипционную активность генов, регулирующих оксидативный метаболизм. Методы. На культуре эмбриональных фибробластов легких человека исследованы токсичность двух производных С70 с минорными изменениями структуры при помощи МТТ-теста, уровень внутриклеточных активных форм кислорода, экспрессия генов и белков NOX4 и NRF2. Использованы методы флуоресцентной микроскопии, ПЦР-ОТ в реальном времени, проточной цитофлуориметрии. Результаты. Оба соединения в равной мере вызывали снижение уровня внутриклеточных активных форм кислорода в течение суток, повышение экспрессии гена и белка NOX4 и повышение экспрессии гена и белка NRF2. Вероятно, повышение экспрессии NOX4 является компенсаторным в ответ на развитие внутриклеточного антиоксидантного ответа, а повышение экспрессии NRF2 является компенсаторным в ответ на активацию NOX4. Заключение. Модификация поверхности заместителями, усиливающими антиоксидантные свойства вещества, приводит к изменению механизма влияния наночастиц на генетический аппарат клетки, при этом минорные различия в структуре заместителей не оказывают значимого влияния на эффекты.
Objective. We aimed to study the effect of water-soluble aryl C70 fullerene derivatives on the transcriptional activity of genes regulating oxidative metabolism. Methods. The toxicity of two derivatives of C70 with minor changes in the structure was studied using the MTT test on a culture of human embryonic lung fibroblasts as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species, expression of NOX4 and NRF2 genes and proteins. Fluorescence microscopy, real-time PCR-RT, and flow cytometry were used. Results. Both compounds equally caused a decrease in intracellular ROS during the day, an increase in the expression of the NOX4 gene and protein, and an increase in the expression of the NRF2 gene and protein. Probably, an increase in NOX4 expression is compensatory in response to the development of an intracellular antioxidant state, and an increase in NRF2 expression is compensatory in response to NOX4 activation. Conclusion. Modification of the surface with substituents that enhance the antioxidant properties of the substance leads to a change in the mechanism of the influence of nanoparticles on genes, while minor differences in the structure of substituents do not significantly determine the effects.
Book review: Oktoikh. Selected Hymns in Russian and Church Slavonic
Authors: Кончаревич К. 
Published: February 2024

В филологии ареала Pax Slavia Orthodoxa на всем протяжении ее истории отчетливо прослеживаются две линии развития традиции — созидание нового и защита (упрочение) созданного.
В филологии ареала Pax Slavia Orthodoxa на всем протяжении ее истории отчетливо прослеживаются две линии развития традиции — созидание нового и защита (упрочение) созданного. Начало традиции
Research on the Status Quo and High-Quality Development of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education in China
Authors: Cheng Lili , Liu Lijuan , Zhu Haitao 
Published: February 2024

Faced with unprecedented changes in the world, China has chosen to continue expanding its opening-up and actively cooperate with other countries. Internationalization of education is one of the important directions for the future development of universities. Since the reform and opening-up, a series of Sino-foreign cooperative education policies have been successively released, forming a relatively systematic and complete policy system. Under the promotion of policies, Chinese universities actively engage in Sino-foreign cooperative education, with increasingly frequent educational exchanges and a clear trend towards internationalization. The scale of Sino-foreign cooperative education is also constantly expanding. It is worthy to explore how to draw on advanced teaching experience from overseas, continue to promote Sino-foreign cooperative education, and improve the quality of Sino-foreign cooperative education.