bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments (CAIRS) for Corneal Ectasia: A Comprehensive Segmental Tomography Evaluation
Authors: Bteich Yara , Assaf Jad F. , Mrad Anthony Abou , Jacob Soosan , Hafezi Farhad , Awwad Shady T. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the visual, refractive, and tomographic results of patients with corneal ectasia treated with corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segments (CAIRS) insertion without concomitant corneal cross-linking.

Methods:
Fifty-two eyes from 39 patients with stable corneal ectasia and unsatisfactory visual acuity with contact lenses were included. All patients underwent CAIRS insertion with no concomitant corneal procedure at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between September 2019 and July 2022. Visual, refractive, topographic, aberrometric, epithelial, stromal, and segment thickness data were measured relative to baseline at 1 week, 1 month, and at least 3 months postoperatively. Evaluations included slit-lamp examination, manifest refraction, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, and tomography using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Results:

Mean follow-up time was 6.9 ± 5.2 months. UDVA and CDVA improved from 0.97 ± 0.47 and 0.56 ± 0.19 preoperatively to 0.52 ± 0.21 (
P
< .001) and 0.23 ± 0.19 (
P
< .001) 3 months postoperatively. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent and cylinder improved from −6.71 ± 6.51 and −4.02 ± 2.24 diopters (D) preoperatively to −3.78 ± 4.07 D (
P
< .001) and −2.35 ± 1.98 D (
P
< .001) 3 months postoperatively, respectively. Maximum anterior keratometry and vertical coma decreased from 58.09 ± 7.92 D and 1.56 ± 1.09 µm to 52.48 ± 6.69 D (
P
< .001) and 0.43 ± 0.77 µm, respectively (
P
< .001). Corneal epithelium thickened proximal to the allogenic segment by 7.25 µm (
P
< .001), whereas stromal elevation at the cone decreased from 38.61 ± 18.5 to 23.82 ± 13.4 µm, respectively (
P
< .001). No major complications were observed and only 1 eye lost one line of CDVA.

Conclusions:
Treatment of corneal ectasia with CAIRS improved visual, refractive, topographic, and tomographic parameters. Epithelial thickening central to CAIRS, along with anterior stromal flattening is postulated to contribute to tomographic flattening and regularization.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(11):767–776.]
Comparing Effective Optical Zones After Myopic Ablation Between LASIK, PRK, and SMILE With Correlation to Higher Order Aberrations
Authors: Moshirfar Majid , Herron Michael S. , Cha David S. , Santos Jordan , Payne Carter J. , Hoopes Phillip C. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
To explore size, decentration, and eccentricity of effective optical zones (EOZs) in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and correlate them to higher order aberrations (HOAs).

Methods:
This was a retrospective chart review of 188 eyes that underwent refractive surgery for compound myopia (61 LASIK, 84 PRK, 43 SMILE). EOZ measurements were determined using 1-year postoperative Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) tangential difference maps. HOA data were measured using Pentacam wavefront aberration Zernike polynomials. Correlations between EOZs and HOAs were analyzed.

Results:

The EOZs of LASIK and PRK are smaller than SMILE at 19.54 ± 1.44, 19.39 ± 1.66, and 22.18 ± 2.61 mm
2
, respectively (
P
< .001). No difference existed in absolute decentration from corneal vertex (
P
= .078) or pupil center (
P
= .131), but horizontal and vertical components differed significantly (
P
< .001). Smaller EOZ areas were correlated with greater spherical aberration induction (rLASIK = −0.378, rPRK = −0.555, rSMILE = −0.501) and total HOA induction in all groups. Absolute decentration from corneal vertex positively correlated with total HOA (rLASIK = 0.396, rPRK = 0.463, rSMILE = 0.399) and directional vertical coma induction negatively correlated with vertical decentration from the corneal vertex (rLASIK = −0.776, rPRK = −0.665, rSMILE = −0.576) in all groups.

Conclusions:
SMILE results in a larger EOZ than LASIK and PRK, and absolute decentration remains comparable regardless of surgical reference center, despite horizontal/vertical differences. Surgical planning to ensure adequate EOZ size and centration may reduce induction of HOAs, including spherical aberrations and vertical coma.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(11):741–750.]
STAT3 Signaling Heterogeneity Underlies Cytokine-Expressing Fate in Th17 Cultures
Authors: Niese Michelle L , Glosson-Byers Nicole , Serezani Ana Paula Moreira , Alakhras Nada S , Kaplan Mark H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The polarization of naive Th cells into differentiated subsets in vitro was a powerful approach to define the development and function of Th cells in vivo. Th cell cultures identified cytokines that promote polarization and defined the phenotype and stability of differentiated cells. One of the limitations of this approach is the heterogeneity of the differentiated culture, essentially with regard to what proportion of the culture is secreting the hallmark cytokine of interest. This heterogeneity has always been puzzling because all cells in the culture have been exposed to identical culture conditions. We examined this phenomenon using an Il17f lineage-tracing allele (Cost, Cre on seventeen transcript) crossed to stop-flox Rosa-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) mice. We found that less than half of the cells in a Th17 culture become lineage-positive during a differentiation culture and that it is primarily cells that are lineage-positive that produce cytokines when cultures are restimulated after differentiation. We sorted and analyzed YFP-positive and YFP-negative cells and found similar expression of many Th17 transcription factors, although YFP-negative cells had increased expression of other lineage-defining transcription factors. We observed that YFP-negative cells had diminished expression of Stat3 and Il6ra, as well as decreased STAT3 activation. YFP-negative cells transduced with active STAT3 had significant increases in IL-17A expression, without increases in Th17 transcription factors. Taken together, these data suggest that there is a threshold of STAT3 activation that is required for efficient Th17 differentiation, and that even in a culture of homogeneous naive T cells there is heterogeneity in the receipt of early cytokine signals.
Analysis Effectiveness of Implementation Assessment as Learning on Metacognitive Skills
Authors: Daniar Aisyah Vynkarini , Herdyastuti Nuniek , Lutfi Achmad 
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study aims to determine the most effective application of assessment in improving metacognitive skills in the learning process. Method: The method used is a literature review. A literature review is defined as an investigation of scientific articles, books, and other sources related to a particular problem, field of research, or theory to provide an overview, summary, and evaluation of scientific work. This research method uses several steps, including (1) topic identification about Assessment as Learning and metacognitive skill; (2) search and select appropriate articles by Scopus and Google Scholar; (3) analyze and synthesize literature; and (4) text organization. Results: Assessment as learning can be applied using self-assessment, peer assessment, making portfolios and rubrics, as well as group discussions and the teacher. This approach can also be designed online or offline. Self-assessment and peer assessment are more effective in improving metacognitive skills in learning. Novelty: This study can provide an overview assessment design by actively involving learners to improve metacognitive skills, which can help realize the achievement of learning objectives.
Integration of PJBL, STEAM, and Learning Tool Development in Improving Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Indahwati Sri Dwi , Rachmadiarti Fida , Hariyono Eko 
Published: November 2023

Objective: This research aims to explore improving critical thinking skills by applying Project Based Learning (PjBL) based on the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) model in Renewable Energy material at 1st Trowulan State Vocational School. The main aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness of STEAM-based PjBL in improving students' critical thinking skills at 1st Trowulan State Vocational School Trowulan. Method: The research method used was an experiment with a One Group Pre-test and Post-test design. The research subjects comprised 25 students of Class X Computer and Network Engineering 1 (X-1) and 26 students of Class X Computer and Network Engineering 1 (X-2). During the research, students were given PjBL-based learning with a STEAM approach to Renewable Energy material. Before and after learning, students are tested using a pre-test and post-test to measure the increase in their critical thinking skills. Results: The analysis shows that implementing PjBL-based learning based on STEAM is efficacious in improving students' critical thinking abilities. A comparison of pre-test and post-test scores on Renewable Energy material shows a significant increase in students' critical thinking abilities. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its new contribution to the field of education. The combination of the PjBL and STEAM approaches in learning Renewable Energy makes a new contribution to preparing students to face real-world challenges that continue to develop. Critical thinking ability is an essential skill in facing the challenges of the 21st century, and this research shows that this approach is practical in developing it. Integrating critical thinking skills into STEAM-based learning provides essential added value in education.
Technological Strategies and Performance of the Judicial Sector in Kenya: A Case of Nairobi City County
Authors: Mulwa A. , Ngala M. , Mugaa L. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Innovations and rapid diffusion of information and communication technologies in institutions are currently experiencing revolutionizing organizational processes. Globalization equally fuels the adoption of the ICT as the basis for digital operations are changing the way organizations operate. Studies on various countries’ courts show that the judicial efficiency affects a country ‘s entrepreneurial activities; this reduces as the level of inefficiency increases. Thus, the study sought to analyze the influence technological strategies on performance of judicial sector in Kenya. Specifically, the study proposed to determine the influence of technological sourcing; technology posture; technological culture change; technological capacity on the performance of the judicial sector in Kenya.
Methodology: By adopting descriptive research design, the study targeted all the five magistrate courts in Nairobi City County and purposively targeted nine offices per station, comprising (magistrate, court clerk, court accountant, court secretaries, court Archivist, HR and Administration officer, ICT officer, Procurement officer, and Library assistant, yielding a total of 45 sample size respondents for the study. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires, which was piloted to ascertain its reliability and validity. Data was analyzed both descriptively as well as inferentially with the help of SPSS program (v.25.0) and MS Excel 10 softwares; and results presented using tables and charts for interpretation.
Findings: From the study results, all the technological strategies variable had a positive and significant relationship with performance of the judicial sector in Nairobi City County in Kenya.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was formed by the following theories: Transactional Cost, knowledge based; Stakeholders; Culture theory as well as the Task-technology fit theory. The study recommended that magistrate courts in Nairobi City County in Kenya should enhance their technological strategies since the strategies have been shown to bear a positive and significant effect on performance. The magistrate courts can achieve this through adopting advance technological orientations, especially where sourcing and culture of operations are concerned.
Design UI/UX e-commerce photography services using the Lean User Experience Model and System Usability Scale (SUS) Assessment
Authors: Zaini Kurniawan , Marlianti Tri , Maryani Maryani 
Published: November 2023

Studio Citarasa Fotography (SCF) is a photographer business that has been operating for 5 years since 2017 with a total of 87 customers. This number of consumers according to interviews with the studio owners is very small because the studio has not stopped promoting both inside and outside the city. The objective of this research is to design the UI/UX e-commerce Photography Services website in the Citarasa Photography studio and implement the Lean UX Model based on simple and responsive design, understanding user wishes and needs, informative, interactive, complete, sustainable, and personalized. Research results based on the test scenario respondents/participants successfully completed all UI/UX tasks for e-commerce photography services without significant restrictions, but in the scenario there is little information provided about the possibility of making changes for iterations to become more responsive in which the screen can be adjusted to an android or tablet screen. In addition, the test results obtained using the System Usability Scale (SUS) were achieved with an average score of 89.25. It can be said that the score is in the best imaginable category with a scale of A. This means that based on usability, the data obtains a judgment that is acceptable or acceptable.
The Outcome of Early Intervention in Children with Virtual Autism Spectrum Disorders on the Basis of ADOS
Authors: Mushayyada Aamer Nasir  , Maliha Akhtar Qureshi  , Farhat Anwer  
Published: November 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effects of speech therapy on children with virtual autism based on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS).
Setting and Duration:
Methodology: This prospective descriptive study was conducted in the Outpatient departments of Ali Medical Centre and KRL Hospital, Islamabad, from January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 30 children under 10 years old, with speech delays, spending more than 5 hours on screens per 24 hours, and diagnosed with autism, were enrolled. These children received early intervention in the form of speech and behavior therapies for one year, followed by reassessment. After one year of follow-up, significant improvements were observed in speech and behavior when screen time was reduced to 30 minutes or less.
Results: The mean age of the children in the study was 4.028 ± 1.99 years. The chief complaint at presentation was speech delay in 21 (70%) children. The distribution of behavior as measured by the Questionnaire for Autism in Toddlers (QABF) scale showed that the majority (10, 33.3%) of children presented with aggression. The ADOS assessments revealed that the majority of the children (14, 46.7%) had mild autism, followed by 9 (30%) with moderate autism. After receiving speech therapy for 10 months to 1 year, the repeated ADOS tests showed that among these children, 24 (80%) no longer exhibited behaviors indicative of autism, while 3 (10%) children had borderline autism, and 3 (10%) had mild autism.
Conclusion: Excessive screen time can lead to autism-like symptoms in young children, which are reversible through early intervention therapies. This effect is more pronounced in children under 5 years old.
Sap flow and leaf gas exchange response to a drought and heatwave in urban green spaces in a Nordic city
Authors: Ahongshangbam Joyson , Kulmala Liisa , Soininen Jesse , Frühauf Yasmin , Karvinen Esko , Salmon Yann , Lintunen Anna , Karvonen Anni , Järvi Leena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Urban vegetation plays a role in offsetting urban CO2 emissions, mitigating heat through tree transpiration and shading, and acting as deposition surfaces for pollutants. The frequent occurrence of heatwaves and of concurrent drought conditions significantly disrupts the processes of urban trees, particularly their photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Despite the pivotal role of urban tree functioning in delivering essential ecosystem services, the precise nature of their response remains uncertain. We conducted sap flux density (Js) and leaf gas exchange measurements of four tree species (Tilia cordata, Tilia × europaea, Betula pendula, and Malus spp.) located in different urban green areas (Park, Street, Forest, and Orchard) in Helsinki, Finland. Measurements were made over two contrasting summers 2020 and 2021. Summer 2021 experienced a local heatwave and drought, whereas summer 2020 was more typical of Helsinki. In this study, we aimed to understand the responses of urban tree transpiration (measured with sap flux density) and leaf gas exchange to heatwave and drought conditions, and we examined the main environmental drivers controlling the tree transpiration rate during these periods. We observed varying responses of Js during the heatwave period at the four urban sites. When comparing the heatwave and no heatwave periods, a 35 %–67 % increase in Js was observed at the Park, Forest, and Orchard locations, whereas no significant change was seen at the Street site. Our results also showed that Js was higher (31 %–63 %) at all sites under drought conditions compared with non-dry periods. The higher Js values during the heatwave and dry periods were mainly driven by the high atmospheric demand for evapotranspiration, represented by the high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), suggesting that the trees were not experiencing severe enough heat or drought stress that stomatal control would have decreased transpiration. Accordingly, photosynthetic potential (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) at the leaf level did not change during heatwave and drought periods, excluding the Park site where a significant reduction in gs was seen. VPD explained 55 %–69 % of the variation in the daily mean Js during heatwave and drought periods at all sites. At the Forest site, the increase in Js saturated after a certain VPD level, likely due to low soil water availability during these hot and dry periods. Overall, the heat and drought conditions were untypical of the region but not excessive enough to restrict stomatal control and transpiration, indicating that ecosystem services such as cooling were not at risk.
RUSSIA'S BANK'S PROTECTION OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM DURING THE SANCTIONS PERIOD
Authors: КРАСНЕНКОВА Е.В. 
Published: November 2023

Статья посвящена изучению антикризисных мер в отношении санкций иностранных недру- жественных государств. Государство принимает защитные антикризисные меры, механизмы контроля, меры противодействия в целях не только стабилизации, но и дальнейшего развития Российской Федерации. Анализи- руются контрсанкционные меры, направленные на обеспечение устойчивости российской финансовой систе- мы. На законодательном уровне происходит изменение норм права в силу влияния санкций недружественных государств. Банк России принимает превентивные меры для обеспечения безопасности финансовой системы не только в правовом поле, но и в технологическом.
The article is devoted to the study of anti-crisis measures against sanctions of foreign unfriendly states. The State takes protective anti-crisis measures, control mechanisms, and counteraction measures in order not only to stabilize, but also to further develop the Russian Federation. The counter-sanctions measures aimed at ensuring the stability of the Russian financial system are analyzed. At the legislative level, there is a change in the norms of law due to the influence of sanctions of unfriendly states. The Bank of Russia takes preventive measures to ensure the security of the financial system not only in the legal field, but also in the technological field.
ADVOCATES AS AGENTS OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL CONTROL IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING AND THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM
Authors: АНТРОПЦЕВА И.О. 
Published: November 2023

В статье рассмотрено возложение на адвокатов обязанности по использованию механизмов внутреннего контроля в сфере противодействия легализации (отмыванию) доходов, полученных преступным путем, и финансированию терроризма путем вовлечения их в осуществление публичного финансового кон- троля как субъекта, обладающего особым статусом в силу специфики осуществляемой им деятельности. Ис- пользование риск-ориентированного подхода на разных уровнях публичного финансового контроля при про- тиводействии легализации (отмыванию) доходов, полученных преступным путем, имеет своей целью сократить количество незаконных финансовых операций, причинение ущерба финансовой системе и повысить эффек- тивность публичного финансового контроля.
The article considers the obligation of lawyers to use internal control in the sphere of combating money laundering and terrorism financing from the point of view of their involvement in the implementation of public financial control as a subject that has a special status due to the specifics of its activities. The use of the risk-oriented approach at different levels of public financial control in combating money laundering is aimed at reducing financial crime and losses in financial sphere, increasing the efficiency of public financial control.
CRITERIA FOR INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF RESEARCH RESULTS CONDUCTED IN DOMESTIC FORENSIC ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: АНТИЛЕВСКАЯ Ю.А. 
Published: November 2023

Статья посвящена проблеме выработки критериев для международного признания результа- тов исследований, проведенных в отечественных судебно-экспертных организациях. В эпоху глобализации во- прос международного признания результатов судебно-экспертных исследований приобретает особую актуаль- ность. Отсутствие унифицированных критериев для признания результатов судебных экспертиз порождает ряд проблем, отражающихся на международном сотрудничестве. Проблемы затрагивают разнообразие методоло- гических подходов, юридические аспекты, создавая барьеры для эффективного взаимодействия международ- ных органов в сфере правосудия, а также могут приводить к тому, что результаты исследований из одних стран могут быть не признаны в других. Автором сформулированы предложения по определению критериев между- народного признания результатов исследований, проведенных в отечественных судебно-экспертных органи- зациях. Научная и практическая значимость заключается в попытке формирования универсальных критериев для признания результатов исследований, проведенных в отечественных судебно-экспертных организациях, в контексте передовых международных концепций и направлений развития судебной экспертизы в ближайшем будущем.
The article is devoted to the problem of developing criteria for international recognition of the results of research conducted in domestic forensic organizations. In the era of globalization, the issue of international recognition of the results of forensic research is becoming particularly relevant. The lack of unified criteria for the recognition of the results of forensic examinations gives rise to a number of problems affecting international cooperation. The problems affect a variety of methodological approaches, legal aspects, creating barriers to effective interaction of international bodies in the field of justice, and may also lead to the fact that the results of research from some countries may not be recognized in others. The author has formulated proposals for defining criteria for international recognition of the results of research conducted in domestic forensic organizations. The scientific and practical significance lies in the attempt to form universal criteria for the recognition of the results of research conducted in domestic forensic organizations in the context of advanced international concepts and trends in the development of forensic expertise in the near future.