bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An education for the future
Authors: DeLeon Patrick H. , Dubanoski Richard , Oliveira‐Berry Jill M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe 21st century clinical psychologist will need to become actively engaged in establishing our nation's health care policies and priorities to ensure that the psychological aspects of care are given greater priority. The clinician's workplace and target clientele will drastically change, with the development of a global and preventive perspective becoming the key to the profession's future. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
New visions and revisions: Why isn't graduate education in psychology more relevant to professional practice?
Authors: Wedding Danny 
Published: June 2005

AbstractC.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott (this issue) propose a four level matrix model for graduate education in the 21st century. The model is critically reviewed and found to be robust and heuristic. Several critical issues confronting training directors in the 21st century that are not acknowledged by Snyder and Elliott are identified and discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The enduring value of the Boulder model: “Upon this rock we will build”
Authors: Peterson Christopher , Park Nansook 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe comment on the article by C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott, “Twenty‐First Century Graduate Education in Clinical Psychology: A Four Level Matrix Model” (this issue). We agree with many of the specific sentiments expressed by these authors but not with their dismissal of the Boulder model. We conclude that the Boulder model is as valuable today as when first articulated and that it provides a sturdy foundation upon which to make the sorts of changes the authors suggest. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Constructive suggestions for the practical education of professional life counselors
Authors: Mahoney Michael J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProfessional life counselors will serve an increasingly important role in the life quality of global citizens in the 21st century. The optimal preparation of service providers will reflect basic principles of human development, professional helping, and educational processes. The dynamic systems appreciations of constructivism offer valuable scaffoldings for mentoring and apprenticeship in human helping. Suggestions are made for practical refinements in professional education. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Brg1, the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is required for myeloid differentiation to granulocytes
Authors: Vradii Diana , Wagner Stefan , Doan Diem N. , Nickerson Jeffrey A. , Montecino Martin , Lian Jane B. , Stein Janet L. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Imbalzano Anthony N. , Stein Gary S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMany mammalian SWI/SNF complexes use Brahma‐related gene 1 (Brg1) as a catalytic subunit to remodel nucleosomes for transcription regulation. In several mesenchymal cells and tissues, expression of a defective Brg1 protein negates the normal activity of the SWI/SNF complex and delays or blocks differentiation. To investigate the role of SWI/SNF complexes during myelopoiesis, we stably expressed a dominant negative (dn) Brg1 mutant in the myeloid lineage. Forced expression of dnBrg1 in IL‐3‐dependent murine 32Dcl3 myeloid progenitor cells results in a profound delay in the granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) induced granulocytic maturation. These cells also exhibit a significant decrease in the expression of both CD11b and Gr‐1 surface receptors, which are normally upregulated during granulopoiesis, and show sustained expression of myeloperoxidase, which is synthesized primarily during the promyelocytic (blast) stage of myeloid development. Thus, dnBrg1 expression causes a developmental block at the promyelocytic/metamyelocytic stage of myeloid differentiation. Our findings indicate that the normal chromatin remodeling function of Brg1 is necessary for the G‐CSF dependent differentiation of myeloid cells towards the granulocytic lineage. This dependency on Brg1 may reflect a stringent requirement for chromatin remodeling at a critical stage of hematopoietic cell maturation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous hemichannels play a role in the release of ATP from Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Bahima Laia , Aleu Jordi , Elias Marc , Martín‐Satué Mireia , Muhaisen Ashraf , Blasi Joan , Marsal Jordi , Solsona Carles 
Published: June 2005

AbstractATP is an electrically charged molecule that functions both in the supply of energy necessary for cellular activity and as an intercellular signaling molecule. Although controlled ATP secretion occurs via exocytosis of granules and vesicles, in some cells, and under certain conditions, other mechanisms control ATP release. Gap junctions, intercellular channels formed by connexins that link the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells, control the passage of ions and molecules up to 1 kDa. The channel is formed by two moieties called hemichannels, or connexons, and it has been suggested that these may represent an alternative pathway for ATP release. We have investigated the release of ATP through hemichannels from Xenopus oocytes that are formed by Connexin 38 (Cx38), an endogenous, specific type of connexin. These hemichannels generate an inward current that is reversibly activated by calcium‐free solution and inhibited by octanol and flufenamic acid. This calcium‐sensitive current depends on Cx38 expression: it is decreased in oocytes injected with an antisense oligonucleotide against Cx38 mRNA (ASCx38) and is increased in oocytes overexpressing Cx38. Moreover, the activation of these endogenous connexons also allows transfer of Lucifer Yellow. We have found that the release of ATP is coincident with the opening of hemichannels: it is calcium‐sensitive, is inhibited by octanol and flufenamic acid, is inhibited in ASCx38 injected oocytes, and is increased by overexpression of Cx38. Taken together, our results suggest that ATP is released through activated hemichannels in Xenopus oocytes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of human embryonic stem cell differentiation by mechanical strain
Authors: Saha Somen , Ji Lin , de Pablo Juan J. , Palecek Sean P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMechanical forces have been reported to induce proliferation and/or differentiation in many cell types, but the role of mechanotransduction during embryonic stem cell fate decisions is unknown. To ascertain the role of mechanical strain in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation, we measured the rate of hESC differentiation in the presence and absence of biaxial cyclic strain. Above a threshold of 10% cyclic strain, applied to a deformable elastic substratum upon which the hESC colonies were cultured, hESC differentiation was reduced and self‐renewal was promoted without selecting against survival of differentiated or undifferentiated cells. Frequency of mechanical strain application had little effect on extent of differentiation. hESCs cultured under cyclic strain retained pluripotency, evidenced by their ability to differentiate to cell lineages in all three germ layers. Mechanical inhibition of hESC differentiation could not be traced to secretion of chemical factors into the media suggesting that mechanical forces may directly regulate hESC differentiation. Mechanical strain is not sufficient to inhibit differentiation, however, in unconditioned medium, hESCs grown under strain differentiated at the same rate as cells cultured in the absence of strain. Thus, while mechanical forces play a role in regulating hESC self‐renewal and differentiation, they must act synergistically with chemical signals. These findings imply that application of mechanical forces may be useful, in combination with chemical and matrix‐encoded signals, towards controlling differentiation of hESCs for therapeutic applications. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural defects of collagen VI filaments in an Ullrich syndrome patient with loss of the α3(VI) N10‐N7 domains
Authors: Squarzoni Stefano , Sabatelli Patrizia , Bergamin Natascha , Guicheney Pascale , Demir Ercan , Merlini Luciano , Lattanzi Giovanna , Ognibene Andrea , Capanni Cristina , Mattioli Elisabetta , Columbaro Marta , Bonaldo Paolo , Maraldi Nadir Mario 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUltrastructural alterations of collagen VI in cultured fibroblasts and reduced collagen VI immunostaining in the papillary dermis and endomysium were detected in a patient with a mild form of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy caused by a COL6A3 gene mutation. The patient had been previously demonstrated to express an α3(VI) chain shorter than normal due to skipping of the mutated exon. We show that collagen VI filaments are not organized in a normal network in the extracellular matrix secreted by patient's cultured fibroblasts. Moreover, we demonstrate that in this patient the α3(VI) chain is produced in lower amounts and it is almost exclusively represented by the shorter, alternatively spliced N6‐C5 isoform. These results suggest that different α3(VI) chain isoforms, containing also domains of the N10‐N7 region, are required for assembling a proper collagen VI network in the extracellular matrix. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular water homeostasis and the mammalian cellular osmotic stress response
Authors: Ho Steffan N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cellular response to osmotic stress ensures that the concentration of water inside the cell is maintained within a range that is compatible with biologic function. Single cell organisms are particularly dependent on mechanisms that permit adaptation to osmotic stress because each individual cell is directly exposed to the external environment. Mammals, however, limit osmotic stress by establishing an internal aqueous environment in which intravascular water and electrolytes are subject to sensitive and dynamic, organism‐based homeostatic regulation. Recent studies of NFAT5/TonEBP, an essential mammalian osmoregulatory transcription factor, demonstrate the unexpected yet critical significance of cell‐based osmotic regulation in vivo. These results highlight the fundamental importance of maintaining intracellular water homeostasis in the face of varying cellular metabolic activity and distinct tissue microenvironments. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CASK localizes to nuclei in developing skeletal muscle and motor neuron culture models and is agrin‐independent
Authors: Gardner Katherine L. , Sanford Jamie L. , Mays Tessily A. , Rafael‐Fortney Jill A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMembrane‐associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) are cytoplasmic multi‐domain proteins that serve as scaffold proteins at cell junctions and synapses. Calmodulin‐associated serine/threonine kinase (CASK) stabilizes the integrity of synapses in the brain. Additionally, CASK is capable of acting as a transcriptional co‐activator and localizes to neuronal nuclei in the developing brain. We have recently described CASK localization to both the pre‐ and post‐synaptic membranes of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), where it forms a complex with discs large (Dlg). CASK also localizes to some, but not all nuclei in adult mouse skeletal muscle. To begin to dissect the roles of CASK in the cellular components of the NMJ, we investigated the localization of CASK during differentiation in cell culture models of skeletal muscle and motor neurons. We demonstrate that CASK localizes to the nucleus in undifferentiated myoblasts, but is pre‐dominantly in the cytoplasm in differentiated myotubes of the C2C12 myogenic cell line. We also show nuclear localization of both CASK and Dlg in a motor neuron‐neuroblastoma hybrid cell line, MN‐1, suggesting a role for CASK and Dlg in nuclei of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Finally, we demonstrate that CASK and Dlg do not co‐cluster with acetylcholine receptors in C2C12 myotubes in response to agrin or laminin treatment, suggesting a novel mechanism of recruitment to the NMJ that is independent of acetylcholine receptor and utrophin complexes. These studies delineate important developmental characteristics of CASK and Dlg, and suggest dual roles for these proteins in both the skeletal muscle and motor neuron components of the NMJ. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleic acids and protein synthesis of isolated cells from chick embryonic spinal ganglia in culture
Authors: Utakoji Tadashi , Hsu T. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDissociated monolayer cell cultures of chick embryonic spinal ganglia were set up on collagen‐coated coverslips and incubated in 5% CO2 atmosphere at 38°C. Neurons were maintained in good condition for approximately three weeks and showed regeneration of nerve fibers as well as recovery from chromatolysis to normal Nissl pattern.Synthesis and transport of nucleic acids and protein in neurons and in spindle cells were studied with tritiated precursors by means of autoradiography.Less than 3% (10 of 318) of nerve cells from 12‐day‐old chick embryo spinal ganglia showed tritiated thymidine incorporation, whereas 27% (511 of 1880) of spindle cells from the same source incorporated tritiated thymidine. Thus, under our cultural conditions most neurons did not synthesize DNA.Both neurons and spindle cells incorporated tritiated uridine. Newly synthesized RNA appeared in the nucleus, and after several hours it was distributed over the perikaryon of neurons and the cytoplasm of spindle cells. The label was never found in nerve fibers, even after prolonged tritiated uridine treatment. A conclusion is thus made that RNA is absent in the nerve fibers.In neurons, protein was synthesized only in the perikaryon. Nerve fibers did not show protein synthesis. Newly synthesized protein was transported from perikaryon distally along nerve fibers at a rate of approximately 10 mm per day.
Thermal stress and anomalous development of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). V. Effect of temperature on embryogeny of aedes stimulans
Authors: Anderson John F. , Horsfall William R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrimordia of organs of the male reproductive system develop abnormally in response to near lethal temperatures when thermal pressure is applied at a time of cellular differentiation during embryogeny and postembryogeny. This paper is concerned primarily with the thermally induced imaginal deformities effected during embryogeny. All parts of the masculine system may be affected except the gonads. Part or all of the tract and accessory glands may be deleted by regulating the time and duration of exposure to critical temperatures. The critical period for the inhibition of development of the reproductive tract in the embryo occurs primarily during the fourth and fifth days of ontogeny. Morphogenesis of imaginal female organs was unaffected by excessive embryogenic temperatures in either genetic females or genetic males. Certain primordia of larval parts developed abnormally when embryos were subjected to temperatures somewhat above those permitting survival beyond the first larval instar.
The role of interstitial cells in the maintenance of hydra. III. Regeneration of hypostome and tentacles
Authors: Diehl Fred A. , Burnett Allison L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAnimals whose interstitial cells have been destroyed by nitrogen mustard are able to regenerate tentacles and hypostome five times over a period of 25 days. After successive regenerations, animals lack cnidoblast cells and the regenerated tentacles are completely devoid of nematocysts. It is concluded that although interstitial cells are necessary for the continued life of the Hydra they are not necessary for the initiation of regenerative events nor for the maintenance of any stage in the regeneration sequence.
Studies on the physiology and genetics of the rotifer, Asplanchna. II. The genic basis of a case of male sterility
Authors: Birky C. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo mutant clones have been obtained by selfing from closely‐related clones of the rotifer, Asplanchna brightwelli. The females of these male‐sterile clones are fertile but the males are unable to fertilize females of the mutant or of normal clones. Females from the mutant clones were out‐crossed to fertile males of a wildtype clone and F2, F3, and test‐cross generations were obtained. The results of these crosses indicate that the male‐sterile phenotype in both mutant clones is determined by a recessive mutation designated “male‐sterile” (ms). The mutant ms allele also appears to act as a detrimental, for the viability of zygotes (resting eggs) which are heterozygous for this gene is greater than that of homozygous recessives. This gene shows a maternal effects, for the phenotype of the haploid (or homozygous) males is determined by the genotype of their mothers. Test‐crosses of seven individual males born to heterozygous females suggest that each such male carries either the ms or the ms+ allele, but never both. This confirms early cytogenetic studies on oogenesis which indicated that the male rotifer arises by parthenogenetic development from a haploid egg, produced by ordinary meiotic maturation divisions.
An investigation on the swimming reaction of the anemone Stomphia coccinea. II. Histological location of a reacting substance in the asteroid dermasterias imbricata
Authors: Ward Jack A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe sea anemone, Stomphia coccinea, propels itself through the water by a series of whip‐like swimming motions when stimulated by the asteroid Dermasterias imbricata. It has been previously concluded that the reacting substance is located only in the coelomic fluid and in the aboral surface of this asteroid. The general histology of the body wall of Dermasterias indicates this asteroid is atypical to other asteroids. The dermis of the aboral surface is unique. This tissue has a spherule cell which is abundant, measures 28–32 μ and is not found on the lateral or oral surfaces.Histochemically the material in dermal spherules correlates well with the chemical properties of a stimulatory carbohydrate previously isolated from this tissue. It is probable that the stimulatory substance that causes Stomphia to swim is related to or identical witht his material.A prey‐predator relationship for the swimming response cannot be substantiated for the specific case of Dermasterias as the stimulatory asteroid. The response can only be considered a chemoreceptive phenomenon.
Effects of testosterone and gonadotropins on spermatogenesis in Rana pipiens schreber
Authors: Basu S. L. , Nandi Jean 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe normal seasonal cycle of spermatogenesis in the testis of Rana pipiens was studied, and the effects of several experimental manipulations on spermatogenetic activity were analyzed. Maintenance of control frogs at 26°C, the temperature to which our experimental animals were exposed, was found to enhance spermatogenesis in all cases. Even the most inactive winter frogs showed spermatogenetic progress up to the primary spermatocyte stage under these conditions.Hypophysectomy inhibited spermatogenesis in all cases. Treatment of hypophysectomized frogs with gonadotropins (FSH plus LH) partially restored spermatogenetic activity. Testosterone treatment inhibited spermatogenesis at the secondary spermatogonial level. Spermatogenetic inhibition by testosterone occurred in intact animals during all seasons of the year, and also in hypophysectomized frogs treated with gonadotropins. Treatment of hypophysectomized frogs with testosterone resulted in greater suppression of spermatogenesis than that observed after hypophysectomy alone. It is therefore suggested that, in Rana pipiens, this spermatogenetic inhibition occurs primarily by a direct action of exogenous testosterone on the seminiferous epithelium.
The effects of electrophoretically separated lens proteins on lens regeneration in Diemyctylus viridescens
Authors: Smith Stephen D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn the present study, lenses were removed from the eyes of adult anesthetized newts, macerated in 0.03 M borate buffer at pH 8.6, and separated by starch gel electrophoresis. Upon staining with amido black 10‐B, seven distinct staining areas appeared in the blocks. Three bands moved toward the anode, and three toward the cathode. In addition, a seventh moiety represented by a smear of material moved toward the anode. One millimeter times five tenths millimeter plugs were removed from each of these areas and were placed into freshly lentectomized eyes. Plugs from most strongly positive and most weakly negative proteins inhibited lens regeneration. In addition, plugs from the area containing the weakly negative protein induced either lenses with aberrant polarity or double centered lenses with centers of opposed polarity. All other protein bands had no significant effect on regeneration.In addition to the above experiments, homogenates and proteinase‐digested homogenates of lenses were injected into eyes following lentectomy. Three 5‐μl samples were injected in each case over a six day period. Injection of the plain homogenate stimulated lens regeneration markedly, while the proteinase destroyed the stimulatory activity.Theoretical considerations of the above data are discussed.
A quantitative study of forelimb innervation in relation to regenerative capacity in the larval, land stage, and adult forms of Triturus viridescens
Authors: Peadon Annie M. , Singer Marcus 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe nerve fibers present at the amputation surface of the upper arm of the land stage and larval newt were counted and compared with values previously published by one of us on the adult. When expressed per unit area of surface, it was observed that the limb of the larva and the small land forms is more highly innervated than that of the adult. The values were 75.5, 47.6, and 27.7 fibers per (100 μ)2 respectively for the larval, small land stage, and adult animals. The number of fibers per unit area of the larger land forms resembled that for the adult showing that the innervation ratio stabilizes at a time before the animal returns to water.Calculations were also made of the number of motor and sensory fibers in the individual brachial nerves of the younger animals. Assuming the same quantitative threshold of nerve fibers is required to evoke regeneration of the limb in the young animal as is needed in the adult, it was possible to predict the effectiveness of each nerve and nerve component in supplying the neural requirement for regeneration. For example, we found that nerve 5, ineffective in itself to cause regeneration in adults, should evoke regrowth in younger forms, particularly in larvae. The predicted results correspond with experimental ones already published in the literature. The quantitative studies reported herewith are evaluated and discussed against the background of the important action of the nerve in regeneration of a body part.
Fine structure of the prostatic epithelium of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana Kerr)
Authors: Hruban Z. , Martan J. , Slesers A. , Steiner D. F. , Lubran M. , Rechcigl M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe opossum prostate is highly complex cytologically, containing six different secretory cell types, each possessing a recognizably different secretory product. Secretory granules in cells of the first segment contain numerous particles 60 Å in diameter of high electron density. They are transferred to the lumen by apocrine secretion. Both granules and lumina contain iron (Turnbull blue reaction). Segment two possesses three cell types. Type A cells have spherical secretory granules containing acid mucopolysaccharides. In type B cells, secretory granules are elongate and possess densely packed protein filaments, 80 Å in diameter. Secretory granules in type C cells contain crystalloids of hexagonally packed cylinders with a spacing of 600 Å. Third segment cells contain few organelles and have a broad irregular microvillar border. Most of the cytoplasm is filled with glycogen particles. The secretion is apocrine. The lumen contains lipoprotein lamellae, probably derived from shed microvilli, and also membrane bound glycogen globules originating from the cytoplasm. The contents are positive for acid, di‐ and tri‐phosphatases and peroxidase. Catalase activity in the third segment is unusually high.