bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of miRNA profiles and gut bacterial changes in Altica viridicyanea following antibiotic treatment
Authors: Ren Yipeng , Wang Yuan , Chen Juhong , Fu Siying , Bu Wenjun , Xue Huaijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe gut bacteria involves in insect homeostasis by playing essential roles in host physiology, metabolism, innate immunity, and so forth. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression to affect immune or metabolic processes in insects. For several non‐model insects, the available knowledge on the relationship between changes in the gut bacteria and miRNA profiles is limited. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial diversity, composition, and function from Altica viridicyanea feeding on normal‐ and antibiotic‐treated host plants using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing; antibiotics have been shown to affect the body weight and development time in A. viridicyanea, suggesting that the gut bacteria of the normal sample were more diverse and abundant than those of the antibiotic‐fed group, and most of them were involved in various physical functions by enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we executed small RNA transcriptome sequencing using the two experimental groups to obtain numerous sRNAs, such as piRNAs, siRNAs, and known and novel miRNAs, by data mapping and quality control, and furthermore, a total of 224 miRNAs were identified as significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, of which some DEMs and their target genes participated in immune‐ and metabolism‐related pathways based on GO and KEGG annotation. Besides, regarding the regulatory roles of miRNA and target genes, a interaction network of DEM‐target gene pairs from eight immune‐ or metabolism‐related signaling pathways were constructed. Finally, we discovered that DEMs from above pathways were significantly positively or negatively correlated with gut bacterial alterations following antibiotic treatment. Collectively, the observations of this study expand our understanding of how the disturbance of gut bacteria affects miRNA profiles in A. viridicyanea and provide new valuable resources from extreme ranges for future studies on the adaptive evolution in insects.
Accelerating ray tracing engine of BLENDER on the new Sunway architecture
Authors: Sun Zhaoqi , Wang Zhen , Hua Mengyuan , Xiong Puyu , Wan Wubing , Gao Ping , Zhao Wenlai , Huang Zhenchun , Han Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the increasing popularity of high‐resolution displays, there is a growing demand for more realistic rendered images. Ray tracing has become the most effective algorithm for image rendering, but its complexity and large amount of computing data require sophisticated HPC solutions. In this article, we present our efforts to port the ray tracing engine CYCLES of Blender to the new generation of Sunway supercomputers. We propose optimizations that are tailored to the new hardware architecture, including a multi‐level parallel scheme that efficiently maps and scales Blender onto the novel Sunway architecture, strategies to address memory bottlenecks, a revised task dispatching method that achieves excellent load balancing, and a pipeline approach that maximizes computation and communication overlap. By combining all these optimizations, we achieve a significant reduction in rendering time for a single‐frame image, from 2260 s using the single‐core serial version to 71 s using 48 processes, which is a speedup of about 128×. Accelerating the ray tracing engine CYCLES of Blender in the new generation of Sunway supercomputers.
Corrosion and hardness properties of retrogression‐formed and warm‐formed AA7075 sheet
Authors: Ogunsanya Ibrahim G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo achieve combined formability and strength in high‐strength precipitation‐hardened aluminum automotive sheets, different forming path used with fast and slow forming technology has been proposed. This study reports hardness and corrosion properties from two elevated‐temperature forming techniques, retrogression forming (RF) and warm forming (WF), employed on AA7075 alloy sheets. Parameters such as optimal pre‐aging, re‐aging, WF, and RF temperature and time were determined. In the retrogression‐formed (R‐F) sheets, initial retrogression treatment of peak‐aged (i.e., T6) temper resulted in significant loss of properties, but final re‐aging step recovered most. When traditional peak‐aging treatment was used to re‐age R‐F sheets, their T6 hardness and corrosion properties were restored to 95%–97% and 86%, respectively, while re‐aging R‐F sheets using industrial post‐forming paint‐bake treatment restored their T6 hardness and corrosion properties to 87%–92% and 78%–79%. In the warm‐formed (W‐F) sheets, increasing pre‐aging temperature and time resulted in increasing properties, and properties of the best W‐F samples matched the R‐F samples. In addition, shorter‐time forming did not significantly reduce properties of formed part, encouraging the use fast‐forming technology. Overall, these findings show that sheets subjected to RF and WF techniques can possess T6 properties in formed parts.
Characterization of phenolic components of black teas of different origins and the effect of brewing duration on quality properties
Authors: Aydemir Mehmet Emin , Takım Kasım , Yılmaz Mustafa Abdullah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis research aims to identify the phytochemical constituents of 79 different samples of black tea, including varieties from India, Iran (IrT), Turkey (TT), and Sri Lanka. In addition, this study investigates the effect of varying brewing times on the quality characteristics of tea. Therefore, we analyzed the phytochemical content of tea using a novel LC–MS/MS method that we developed, which identifies 53 different phenolic compounds. Furthermore, objective evaluations were conducted on the total phenolic compound, total flavonoid compound, antioxidant activity, and color values at 15, 30, and 60‐min brewing intervals. The prevailing phenolic compounds discovered in the corresponding tea classifications were quantitatively analyzed to be quinic acid, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, gallic acid, nicotiflorine, and isoquercitrin. The study found that the TT and IrT groups had the richest phytochemical content and the highest antioxidant activity. The Turkish tea group had the highest measurement for the desired red color, which is considered a sensory property. Infusion color, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed significant increases with prolonged brewing time. It was important to note that the chemical composition of tea varies according to its origin and brewing conditions. Extending the brewing time improved the quality of the tea. It should be noted, however, that longer brewing times result in a more intense release of flavonoids, and this increase may have a pro‐oxidant effect.
Navigating access to golden lands: Gender roles and constraints of women in artisanal and small‐scale mining operations in north‐western Ghana
Authors: Baddianaah Issah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe daily lives of female artisanal and small‐scale miners revolve around an array of complex and labour‐driven activities. The complexities and labour demands vary depending on the type of artisanal and small‐scale mining involved, the underground pit (ghetto) or surface mining. Few studies have explored how gender roles manifest in the two major mining types to inform policy on the creation of a gendered mining environment for women. This paper fills the lacuna in the literature by investigating gender roles and the consequential effects on female artisanal miners' daily lives and practices along the underground pit and surface mining. The liberal feminist theoretical lens is employed as a framework. Data were sourced through field observations and in‐depth interviews with 13 lead miners (men) and 67 female miners in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Findings show that sociocultural marginalisation of women is predominant in underground pit/ghetto mining. Women are content to work in surface mining operations and can form gangs to operate independently; nevertheless, sociocultural framings have limited women's space and access to mineralised concessions. The study argues that steps towards promoting gender equality in artisanal and small‐scale mining should explore a gendered mineralised concessions distribution; thus, the distribution of mining concessions under the community mining project by the government of Ghana should be gender‐sensitive.
Wnt5a/Ror2 promotes Nrf2‐mediated tissue protective function of astrocytes after brain injury
Authors: Endo Mitsuharu , Tanaka Yuki , Fukuoka Mayo , Suzuki Hayata , Minami Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAstrocytes, a type of glial cells, play critical roles in promoting the protection and repair of damaged tissues after brain injury. Inflammatory cytokines and growth factors can affect gene expression in astrocytes in injured brains, but signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms that regulate tissue protective functions of astrocytes are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating the function of reactive astrocytes induced in mouse models of stab wound (SW) brain injury and collagenase‐induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We show that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), whose expression is up‐regulated in mouse brains after SW injury and ICH, acts synergistically with inflammatory cytokines to activate E2F1‐mediated transcription of a gene encoding the Ror‐family protein Ror2, a receptor for Wnt5a, in cultured astrocytes. We also found that subsequent activation of Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling in astrocytes results in nuclear accumulation of antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2 at least partly by increased expression of p62/Sqstm1, leading to promoted expression of several Nrf2 target genes, including heme oxygenase 1. Finally, we provide evidence demonstrating that enhanced activation of Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling in astrocytes reduces cellular damage caused by hemin, a degradation product of hemoglobin, and promotes repair of the damaged blood brain barrier after brain hemorrhage.
Fluorinated boron nitride nanosheet enhanced ultrathin and conductive polymer electrolyte for high‐rate solid‐state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wang Linjun , Shi Haodong , Xie Yingpeng , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based polymer solid electrolytes (PSE) have been pursued for the next‐generation extremely safe and high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries due to their exceptional flexibility, manufacturability, and lightweight nature. However, the practical application of PEO‐PSE has been hindered by low ionic conductivity, limited lithium‐ion transfer number (tLi+), and inferior stability with lithium metal. Herein, an ultrathin composite solid‐state electrolyte (CSSE) film with a thickness of 20 μm, incorporating uniformly dispersed two‐dimensional fluorinated boron nitride (F‐BN) nanosheet fillers (F‐BN CSSE) is fabricated via a solution‐casting process. The integration of F‐BN effectively reduces the crystallinity of the PEO polymer matrix, creating additional channels that facilitate lithium‐ion transport. Moreover, the presence of F‐BN promotes an inorganic phase‐dominated electrolyte interface film dominated by LiF, Li2O, and Li3N on the lithium anode surface, greatly enhancing the stability of the electrode‐electrolyte interface. Consequently, the F‐BN CSSE exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 0.11 mS cm−1 at 30°C, high tLi+ of 0.56, and large electrochemical window of 4.78 V, and demonstrates stable lithium plating/striping behavior with a voltage of 20 mV for 640 h, effectively mitigating the formation of lithium dendrites. When coupled with LiFePO4, the as‐assembled LiFePO4|F‐BN CSSE|Li solid‐state battery achieves a high capacity of 142 mAh g−1 with an impressive retention rate of 82.4% after 500 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, even at an ultrahigh rate of 50 C, a capacity of 37 mAh g−1 is achieved. This study provides a novel and reliable strategy for the design of advanced solid‐state electrolytes for high‐rate and long‐life lithium metal batteries.
Let‐7a‐5p abrogates progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by decreasing nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group a member 1‐mediated lipogenesis
Authors: Zhao Tao , Sun Jinghui , Lu Xiangdong , Liu Lingling , Chen Lin , Zhao Wei , Zhou Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute vital roles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and so on. As the most common endocrine malignancy, there still have largely unknown molecular events. First, our analysis and open access database information indicates that the downregulation of let‐7a‐5p accelerates PTC progression. Next, lentivirus mediates the overexpression of let‐7a‐5p PTC cells, and found let‐7a‐5p suppressed cancer cells proliferation and invasion. Interestingly, bioinformatics analysis hints NR6A1 is the potential target gene of let‐7a‐5p. The regulation was validated by luciferase and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in PTC tissue and the clinic tumors. Moreover, let‐7a‐5p regulated NR6A1 involved in PTC cells lipogensis in vitro and in vivo. Finally, let‐7a‐5p abrogates PCT xenograft tumors growth, NR6A1 expression and lipogenesis. Taken together, our data indicates that let‐7a‐5p suppresses PCT progression through decreased lipogenesis, the related let‐7a‐5p/NR6A1axis might be promising candidate targets for PTC treatment.
Rapid analysis of amphetamine‐type substances using Agilent's QuickProbe gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer technology
Authors: Black Chrissy , Russell Matthew , Mayo Erina , Aitcheson Craig 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Agilent QuickProbe gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (QP‐GCMS) is a rapid analytical instrument requiring minimal sample preparation. The instrument was considered for the screening of samples for potential implementation at New Zealand's border screening laboratory. One of the project's primary aims was to validate the method for the analysis of border seizures, including drug concealments, novel psychoactive substances (NPS), low‐dose drugs and unknown substances. For the application to be useful beyond the capabilities of current handheld point‐of‐contact (POC) devices, the initial evaluation has included the analysis of a large variety of compounds in a large variety of matrices. These data will be reported separately. However, during the evaluation, several chromatographical challenges were encountered during the analysis of amphetamine‐type substances (ATS). As such, the QP‐GCMS required some troubleshooting and method development to improve resolution for this class of compounds.
Clustering and assessment of precipitation climates using satellite precipitation products and improved machine learning precipitation models
Authors: Nosratpour Reza , Rahimzadegan Majid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA deep understanding of the different features of various rainfall regimes is essential for water resources management and meteorological studies. Due to the extensive spatial coverage, satellite precipitation products have afforded researchers an excellent opportunity to investigate various precipitation climates. This study employs cutting‐edge satellite precipitation data and improved modelling techniques to innovatively investigate Iran's diverse precipitation climates. By harnessing the power of machine learning (ML), precipitation models were developed that significantly improved the accuracy of satellite‐based precipitation estimates. The complexities of Iran's precipitation climates were investigated by combining satellite data and ML models with the K‐means++ algorithm. Furthermore, the Mann–Kendall test was employed to scrutinize potential trends in precipitation frequency across varying months and climates to enrich the current body of knowledge further. In addition, a range of probability distribution functions was fitted to the ML precipitation estimates, evaluating the outcomes with the Akaike information criterion (AIC). The results show that both artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) models improved satellite product correlation results, increasing them from 0.84 to an outstanding 0.93. Moreover, the Mann–Kendall test reveals a positive trend in the frequency of precipitation associated with convective rainfalls during May, as indicated by satellite data, ML models and synoptic precipitation observations. Ultimately, this research holds significant value for water resource management and the ongoing pursuit of refining satellite rainfall products in the context of diverse rainfall regimes.
Reef‐wide and long‐term skeletal growth records of the mountainous star coral (Orbicella faveolata) from Belize barrier and atoll reefs (Central America)
Authors: Zoppe Simon Felix , Gischler Eberhard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoral reefs are vulnerable marine ecosystems and reef‐building corals are especially sensitive to the impacts of environmental change. Skeletal growth records of corals (Scleractinia) can be used as archives of ecological and climatological change. This study focusses on massive Orbicella faveolata coral skeletons from the Belize barrier and atoll reefs. In total, 11 drill cores from 10 coral colonies were studied. Their skeletal growth records range from 17 to 186 years and span time windows from the early 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. Based on these records, master chronologies have been compiled for the entire 20th century. The data indicate uniform skeletal growth across the various reef environments of offshore Belize. Skeletal density is increasing reef‐wide, whereas linear extension is declining, accompanied by a slightly declining calcification rate. Apparently, a more densely packed coral skeleton does not compensate for the reduced linear growth and calcification sufficiently in O. faveolata populations across the Belize reefs. The longest analysed coral sample contains >186 years of skeletal growth, which exhibits periodicities of 40–80 years. Such cycle lengths likely reflect the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, lending further support to coral skeletal records being valuable archives for long‐term oceanographic change.
The emerging role of exosomes in communication between the periphery and the central nervous system
Authors: Han Wenxiu , Zhang Hailiang , Feng Lei , Dang Ruili , Wang Jing , Cui Changmeng , Jiang Pei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExosomes, membrane‐enclosed vesicles, are secreted by all types of cells. Exosomes can transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and microRNAs, and can be circulated to various recipient cells, leading to the production of local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Numerous studies have proved that exosomes can pass through the blood—brain barrier, thus, enabling the transfer of peripheral substances into the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, exosomes may be a vital factor in the exchange of information between the periphery and CNS. This review will discuss the structure, biogenesis, and functional characterization of exosomes and summarize the role of peripheral exosomes deriving from tissues like the lung, gut, skeletal muscle, and various stem cell types in communicating with the CNS and influencing the brain's function. Then, we further discuss the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes in brain diseases and the clinical opportunities and challenges. Gaining a clearer insight into the communication between the CNS and the external areas of the body will help us to ascertain the role of the peripheral elements in the maintenance of brain health and illness and will facilitate the design of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosing and treating brain diseases.
Wassermanagement: Gut gerüstet für Glyphosat
Authors: Naghdi Shaghayegh , Eder Dominik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFilter, die Glyphosat aus Wasser und Abwasser adsorbieren, reduzieren Umweltverschmutzung und Gesundheitsrisiken. Grundlage sind metallorganische Gerüstverbindungen.
Forschungstransfer: Elektrochemische CO2‐Reduktion
Authors: Siegmund Daniel , Andronescu Corina , Schulz Christof , Hoster Harry , Segets Doris , Apfel Ulf‐Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAkademische Forschung und industrielle Anwendung – wie die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Industrie und Akademia zu optimieren ist, zeigt ein Blick aus der technischen Elektrochemie auf deren Anwendung in der Industrie. Wichtig ist dabei eine klare Kommunikation auf beiden Seiten.
Investigating Reynolds number effects in turbulent concentric coaxial pipe flow using stochastic one‐dimensional turbulence modeling
Authors: Tsai Pei‐Yun , Schmidt Heiko , Klein Marten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study numerically investigates turbulent momentum transfer in concentric coaxial (annular) pipe flow with small radius ratios . To model the flow, a stochastic one‐dimensional turbulence (ODT) model formulated for cylindrical geometry is used that provides full‐scale resolution along a representative radial coordinate. The present investigation extends the model validation by Tsai et al. (PAMM, 22:e202200272, 2023), to radius ratios smaller than 0.1 and addresses boundary layers with strong spanwise curvature effects. The focus is on the assessment and analysis of statistical flow features in the vicinity of the inner cylinder wall, particularly in cases with small radius ratios. Following Boersma & Breugem (Flow Turbul. Combust., 86:113–127, 2011), classical boundary‐layer and mixing‐length theory is utilized to analyze the model predictions. The results demonstrate that the ODT model captures leading‐order curvature and mixing‐length effects by its physics‐compatible construction. Utilizing the model for extrapolation to high Reynolds numbers inaccessible to conventional high‐fidelity numerical approaches shows that curvature effects persist and nonlocally affect the entire boundary layer. The model results provide support for a spanwise‐curvature‐modified wall function.
COVID‐19 risk perception and negative emotional symptoms: Mediating role of self‐control and moderating role of life history strategy
Authors: Peng Huini , Ju Qianqian , Nie Shu , Gan Yiqun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has emerged as a significant public health crisis, posing threats to physical health and mental well‐being. This study, grounded in the Risk‐Resilience Model, sought to elucidate how COVID‐19 risk perception impacts negative emotional symptoms. Specifically, we examined the mediating role of self‐control and the moderating role of life history strategies. We conducted a two‐wave longitudinal survey in October 2020 (N = 334) and November 2020 (N = 249), targeting residents across 14 provinces (24 cities) in China. After controlling for sex and age, the results supported the moderated mediation model, illustrating that (1) self‐control mediated the relationship between COVID‐19 risk perception and negative emotional symptoms, (2) life history strategy moderated the first segment of the mediation process, and (3) life history strategies also moderated the mediating effect of self‐control on the link between COVID‐19 risk perception and negative emotional symptoms. Furthermore, compared to a fast life history strategy, a slow life history strategy mitigated the effect of COVID‐19 risk perception on self‐control, thereby reducing negative emotional symptoms. This study sheds light on how COVID‐19 risk perception affects negative emotional symptoms and identifies potential targets (i.e., self‐control and life history strategy) for addressing emotional distress during pandemics.