bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor-language links in children with Down syndrome: a scoping review to revisit the literature with a developmental cascades lens
Authors: Karimi Atefeh , Nelson Eliza L. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) typically have motor and language needs. Improving function is a shared goal for the rehabilitation therapy team, however physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology professionals treat patients differently. This difference in care may mask developmental cascades whereby changes in one domain (e.g., motor) can have seemingly unexpected effects on another domain (e.g., language).ObjectiveThis scoping review identified papers where motor and language data have been reported together in children with DS and reinterpreted findings from a developmental cascades lens.DesignOnline databases were used to identify 413 papers published before October 2021 from which 33 papers were retained that reported both motor (gross and/or fine) and language (expressive and/or receptive) data in individuals with DS with a chronological age of 0–18 years.ResultsThe majority of papers (79%) that reported motor and language data in children with DS did not examine their link, while 12% analyzed motor-language links, but using a cross-sectional or retrospective design. Only three papers (9%) utilized a longitudinal design to examine predictive links.ConclusionMotor functioning and language functioning have often been reported together, but not analyzed together, in studies of children with DS. The few studies that did analyze motor-language links largely replicated findings from other developmental populations where motor gains were positively linked to language gains. Analyzing links between domains when such data is available is needed to fully characterize developmental cascades in DS and may have broad clinical implications.
Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on the storm of inflammatory factors in respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Zhiping , Li Yongbiao , Sun Wenjing , Lu Yangyang , Zhang Nana , Yang Rongfei , Liu Yiting , Tang Li , Liu Qingshan 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundNew reports suggest that anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used to treat respiratory tract infections caused by SARS-CoV-2. Anti-inflammatory drugs were the most frequently used treatment for the COVID-19-related cytokine storm in China. However, the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs has yet to be systematically analyzed, and clinicians are often uncertain which class of anti-inflammatory drug is the most effective in treating patients with respiratory tract infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, especially those with severe disease.MethodsFrom 1 October 2022, relevant studies were searched in the PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. A total of 16,268 publications were retrieved and collated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and sensitivity analyses were performed using STATA 14 software. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and the combined advantage ratio was expressed as a 95% confidence interval (CI). In total, 19 randomized controlled trials were included in the study. STATA 14 software was used for all random effects model analyses, and the results are expressed as relative risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI.ResultsQuantitative analyses were performed on 14,514 patients from 19 relevant randomized controlled clinical trials. Pooled estimates (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.44–0.80) revealed that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs resulted in a significant reduction in mortality in patients with respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 compared with controls, and methylprednisolone (RR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.56) was more effective than other anti-inflammatory drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs were effective in reducing mortality in critically ill patients (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.98) compared with non-critically ill patients (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.76); however, more clinical evidence is needed to confirm these findings.ConclusionThe use of anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 reduces patient mortality, especially in severe cases. In individual studies, methylprednisolone was more effective than other drugs.
Utilization of the internet for physical activity and diet information and its influence on pregnant women’s lifestyle habits in Qatar
Authors: Al-Dahshan Ayman , Kehyayan Vahe , Al-Kubaisi Noora , Selim Nagah 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMaintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy is essential. With the increasing availability of the internet, pregnant women have access to a wealth of information related to physical activity (PA) and healthy diets.ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the extent of internet usage by pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Qatar to obtain information about PA and healthy diets, identify associated factors, and evaluate the impact of this information on their lifestyle habits.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in six randomly selected public antenatal clinics in Qatar. Pregnant women aged ≥18 years in any trimester were recruited using a probability sampling technique. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive and analytic statistics were employed for data analysis.ResultsA total of 327 pregnant women (mean age of 29.5 years ± 4.0) completed and returned the questionnaire (response rate: 87.5%). Among the participants, 54.5% used the internet to obtain information about PA, while 72% sought online diet-related information. Factors such as age (26–35 years), tertiary education, employment status, and being primigravidae were associated with a higher likelihood of using the internet for healthy lifestyles information. Participants who reported using the internet for PA information a great deal were more likely to increase their PA during pregnancy compared to those who used it somewhat or very little (57.6, 26.8, and 5.0%, p &lt; 0.001; respectively). Similarly, those who used the internet for diet information a great deal were more likely to increase their fruit and vegetable consumption compared to those who used it somewhat, or very little (84.2, 68.5, and 63.6%, p = 0.038; respectively). Also, participants who used the internet for diet information a great deal were more likely to decrease the amount of sugary and fatty foods they ate compared to women who used the internet somewhat or very little (61.4, 45.2, and 18.2%, p &lt; 0.001; respectively) and (50.9, 30.4, and 18.2%, p = 0.001; respectively).ConclusionMany pregnant women use the internet to access information about PA and diet, and greater use is associated with more positive lifestyle changes. This study provides useful information to consider when designing intervention programs for pregnant women about adopting and maintaining healthy lifestyles.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Type 2 Diabetes: Mediation Through Status Anxiety?
Authors: Crielaard Loes , Motazedi Ehsan , Galenkamp Henrike , van de Werfhorst Herman G. , Hulvej Rod Naja , Kuipers Mirte A. G. , Nicolaou Mary , Stronks Karien 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: While status anxiety has received attention as a potential mechanism generating health inequalities, empirical evidence is still limited. Studies have been ecological and have largely focused on mental and not physical health outcomes.Methods: We conducted individual-level analyses to assess status anxiety (feelings of inferiority resulting from social comparisons) and resources (financial difficulties) as mediators of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) (education/occupation/employment status) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We used cross-sectional data of 21,150 participants (aged 18–70 years) from the Amsterdam-based HELIUS study. We estimated associations using logistic regression models and estimated mediated proportions using natural effect modelling.Results: Odds of status anxiety were higher among participants with a low SES [e.g., OR = 2.66 (95% CI: 2.06–3.45) for elementary versus academic occupation]. Odds of T2D were 1.49 (95% CI: 1.12–1.97) times higher among participants experiencing status anxiety. Proportion of the SES–T2D relationship mediated was 3.2% (95% CI: 1.5%–7.0%) through status anxiety and 10.9% (95% CI: 6.6%–18.0%) through financial difficulties.Conclusion: Status anxiety and financial difficulties played small but consistent mediating roles. These individual-level analyses underline status anxiety’s importance and imply that status anxiety requires attention in efforts to reduce health inequalities.
RZWQM2 Simulated Irrigation Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change Impacts on Cotton Production in Hyper–Arid Areas
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Dong Haibo , Feng Shaoyuan , Gui Dongwei , Ma Liwang , Thorp Kelly R. , Wu Hao , Liu Bo , Qi Zhiming 
Published: October 2023

Improving cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under future climate scenarios by optimizing irrigation regimes is crucial in hyper-arid areas. Assuming a current baseline atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2atm) of 380 ppm (baseline, BL0/380), the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) was used to evaluate the effects of four climate change scenarios—S1.5/380 (∆Tair°=1.5 °C,∆CO2atm=0), S2.0/380 (∆Tair°=2.0 °C,∆CO2atm=0), S1.5/490 (∆Tair°=1.5 °C,∆CO2atm=+110 ppm) and S2.0/650 (∆Tair°=2.0 °C,∆CO2atm=+270 ppm) on soil water content (θ), soil temperature (Tsoil°), aboveground biomass, cotton yield and WUE under full irrigation. Cotton yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under 10 different irrigation management strategies were analysed for economic benefits. Under the S1.5/380 and S2.0/380 scenarios, the average simulated aboveground biomass of cotton (vs. BL0/380) declined by 11% and 16%, whereas under S1.5/490 and S2.0/650 scenarios it increased by 12% and 30%, respectively. The simulated average seed cotton yield (vs. BL0/380) increased by 9.0% and 20.3% under the S1.5/490 and S2.0/650 scenarios, but decreased by 10.5% and 15.3% under the S1.5/380 and S2.0/380 scenarios, respectively. Owing to greater cotton yield and lesser transpiration, a 9.0% and 24.2% increase (vs. BL0/380) in cotton WUE occurred under the S1.5/490 and S2.0/650 scenarios, respectively. The highest net income ($3741 ha−1) and net water yield ($1.14 m−3) of cotton under climate change occurred when irrigated at 650 mm and 500 mm per growing season, respectively. These results suggested that deficit irrigation can be adopted in irrigated cotton fields to address the agricultural water crisis expected under climate change.
Piano Teaching and the Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Al Bakri Tsonka 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of the rapid transition from face-to-face education to virtual learning due to the Covid-19 pandemic on piano instruction. The research aims to identify the challenges of online piano education and the ways in which creative solutions have been adopted by educational professionals to solve the problems posed by the traditional orthodox pedagogical paradigm.
Methods: The study uses a descriptive methodology to achieve the objectives of this study. An observational analysis of the potential and obstacles created by the change from traditional to online modes of piano instruction is used as a primary resource, in addition to existing literature on piano pedagogy and online learning as secondary resources.
Results: The study revealed a number of challenges of virtual piano education that are primarily associated with the practically-based nature of the lesson. Technical improvement, the construction of a proper dynamic plan, pedaling, and several other skills were found incompatible with online instruction. On the other hand, theoretical and analytical areas included in piano lessons were well received in virtual learning environments.
Conclusion: The paper concludes by highlighting the difficulties of teaching the piano in a digital setting, as well as the limitations of technology and distance learning in the effective instruction of the instrument. It recommends that the piano remains to be taught in a face-to-face setting in future, post COVID educational endeavors, while adopting virtual modes of instruction to address theoretical aspects of the subject.
Leadership and Management Strategies in Jordanian Media Organizations and Their Relationship to Good Performance: Towards a Comprehensive Media Strategy by the Concepts of Modern Media: Focus Study
Authors: Al Qadi Amjad M. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To shed the light on Jordanian media and the problems facing it and to identify mechanisms and strategies for its development by analyzing: the status of the state-owned and private sector Jordanian media, as well as the new media statutes, and the media content and ways to improve it, in addition to media freedoms and legislation and the issues of improving staff training.
Methods: The study adopted the analytical approach and used the descriptive methodology, through in-depth focus groups with a sample of opinion leaders, politicians, and academic media practitioners to arrive at a better analysis of Jordanian media.
Results: There is a lack of confidence in the Jordanian media, especially the official media, high licensing fees, poor advertising returns, multiple media references, and poor training care.
Conclusions: A new media strategy is needed, that build on the previous strategy, which was adopted between the years (2011-2015). The new media strategy should be developed by experts, academics, and media practitioners. In addition, the study call for amending the law guaranteeing the right of access to information
The Poetic Image and its Actual Sources from a Phenomenological Perspective: Theoretical Approach and Applications on Texts by Mahmoud Darwish
Authors: AlKalbani Ali bin Qasim 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This research aims to present a new scientific approach to the concept of poetic image, its process of occurrence, its actual sources, and its relationship to the reader.
Methods: The research depends on Iser's theory of reception and its phenomenological origins to study the image as a literary phenomenon resulting from the interaction between the reader and the text.
Results: The research found that the actual existence of the phenomenon of the image results from the effect of the text and the influence of the reader, and for this reason, the images do not appear ready in the printed text, nor do they result from the reader’s imagination alone, but rather depend on the interaction between the text and the reader.
The research concluded that the sources of the image are variable and not fixed, and are divided into what is related to each reader separately, such as imagination, tendencies and culture, and to what is related to each text separately, namely the textual balance, spaces, broken perceptions and textual vacancies.
Conclusions: Research recommends abandoning image labels that mean they are complete and ready in phrase.
It is recommended to consider that the actual presence of an image varies with reading conditions and the level of interaction and response between the text and potential readers. Additionally, it recommends contenting itself with the actual sources of the image that appears each time during the practice of reading.
Efficient electroluminescence in doped-GaAs via terahertz metamaterials
Authors: Kang Taehee , Song Jindong , Kim Dai-Sik , Choi Geunchang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the highly efficient terahertz nonlinearity exhibited by n-type GaAs crystals under metallic metamaterials. An intense THz field applied to the metamaterials leads to impact ionization in the GaAs substrate, which emits electroluminescence in the near-infrared region. Even for a similar THz field strength, n-type GaAs emits near-infrared photons more efficiently than semi-insulating GaAs. We analyzed the luminescence lineshapes and intensity as a function of the excitation field strength, using Fermi–Dirac statistics and the density of states in the conduction band to quantify electron density and locate the Fermi level after the relaxation of excited hot electrons.
PRAKTIK PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH UMUR DI DESA MAITAN (TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM)
Authors: Ana Riana  
Published: October 2023

Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengungkapkan praktek perkawinan di bawah umur tanpa melalui dispensasi dari pengadilan melainkan melalui manipulasi/perubahan dokumen yaitu berupa Kartu Keluarga (KK) yang terjadi di Desa Maitan Kecamatan Tambakromo Kabupaten Pati-Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi Hukum. Hasil dari penelitian ini, peneulis menemukan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan perkawinan di bawah umur di Desa Maitan Kecamatan Tambakromo Kabupaten Pati Jawa Tengah melalui dua cara, Pertama, melaui dispensasi dari pengadilan yaitu pelaksanaan perkawinan di bawah umur dengan cara meminta izin kepada pengadilan dan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berklaku. Kedua, tanpa melalui dispensasi dari pengadilan yaitu dengan cara manipulasi/merubah dokumen-dokumen tersebut tidak sesuai dengan sebenarnya, seperti Kartu Keluarga, Kartu Tanda Penduduk dan Akte Kelahiran dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh data sesuai yang diinginkan. Adapun faktor penyebab terjadinya pelaksanaan perkawinan di bawah umur melalui perubahan data adalah Pertama, Jauhnya jarak Desa menuju Kantor Urusan Agama dan Pengadilan Agama, Kedua, Lemahnya administrasi dan lenturnya pengawasan di Kantor Urusan Agama. Ketiga, adanya praktek manipulasi kewenangan Desa untuk merubah data. Keempat, tidak ada pengawasan yang ketat dari KUA maupun Kantor Kecamatan.
Kata Kunci: perkawinan di bawah umur, dispensasi nikah, perkawinan.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SELF DIRECT LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN HADITS PADA MATA KULIAH SUNAN TIRMIDZI DI MA'HAD ALY HASYIM ASY'ARI TEBUIRENG JOMBANG
Authors: Adib Bisri Mustofa  , Rofiatul Hosna  
Published: October 2023

Abstrak: Model pembelajaran self direct learning merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat diterapkan kepada mahasiswa dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan diterapkannya model pembelajaran ini adalah diharapkan mahasiswa dapat mengatur proses belajar dalam bentuk inisiatif sendiri, kebebasan belajar untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal dan meningkatkan kemandirian belajar. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pemahaman hadits mahasiswa Ma’had Aly Hasyim Asy’ari Tebuireng Jombang pada mata kuliah sunan trimidzi, bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran self directed learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman hadits pada mata kuliah sunan tirmidzi, apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat model pembelajaran self directed learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman hadits pada mata kuliah sunan tirmidzi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kajian ini menghasilkan temuan: 1) tingkat pemahaman hadits mahasiswa sebelum mendapatkan pengajaran model self directed learning hanya pada tahap mampu untuk mengerti atau memahami hadits Nabi SAW belum mampu melakukan kajian hadits secara lebih kritis dan mendalam 2) penerapan menggunakan tahap planning, implementing, monitoring dan evaluating. 3) faktor pendukung: referensi yang mudah dicari, pendampingan dosen dan lingkungan. Sedangkan faktor penghambat: media pembelajaran dan kurangnya keaktifan dan kesadaran mahasiswa.
Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran, self directed learning, pemahaman hadits
Defence against Image Distortions using Artificial Immune Systems
Authors: Ofori-Oduro Mark , Amer Maria 
Published: October 2023

<p>We study object detection and image classification models and observe that their respective architectures are vulnerable to image distortions such as noise, compression, blur or snow. We propose alleviating this problem by training the models with antibodies generated using Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) from original training samples (antigens). These antibodies are AIS-distorted antigens at the pixel level through cycles of "select, clone, mutate, select" until an affinity to the antigen is achieved. We then add the antibodies to the antigens, train the models, validate and test them under 15 distortions, and show that our data augmentation approach (AISbod) significantly improved their accuracy without altering their architecture or inference speed. For example, YOLOv4 improves by 3.90% on average over all 15 distortions, 4.06% under snow, and 28.11% under impulse noise. Our simulations show that compared to related defence methods, our method performs better under distortions, is more consistent across datasets and object detection models, and also under clean samples. Moreover, we show that our approach to image classification significantly improves accuracy under distortions.</p>
Pengaruh Spirulina platensis terhadap Aktivitas Katalase Hepar Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi
Authors: Hapsari Sindy Arum , E. J. T. Sihning , Pikir Rizqi Rokhmadhoni , Pratiknya Djatiwidodo Edi 
Published: October 2023

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI), seringkali disebabkan oleh akumulasi metabolit reaktif yang dihasilkan obat seperti parasetamol, N-acetyl-p-benzoqui-none imine (NAPQI) sehingga memicu terjadinya stres oskidatif, yaitu kondisi dimana perbandingan jumlah radikal bebas yang lebih tinggi daripada jumlah antioksidan. Ekstrak Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) yang kaya antioksidan berpotensi menangkal radikal bebas. Peneliti terdahulu menunjukkan S. platensis 360 mg/KgBB dapat menurunkan malondialdehida sebagai indikator kadar radikal bebas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan uji aktivitas katalase untuk mengetahui peran S. platensis 360 mg/KgBB sebagai indikator kadar antioksidan pada kondisi stres oksidatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan randomized posttest only control group design. Sampel sebanyak 30 ekor tikus Rattus norvegicus jantan, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: (K-) kelompok yang tidak mendapat perlakuan; (K+) kelompok yang diinduksi parasetamol; (Kp) kelompok yang diinduksi parasetamol dan diberi ekstrak S. platensis 360 mg/KgBB. Pada akhir penelitian, seluruh kelompok dilakukan perhitungan aktivitas katalase jaringan hepar. Hasil uji One Way Anova menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas katalase yang signifikan (p = 0,041), terutama antara kelompok K- dengan kelompok K+ (p = 0,032) dan antara kelompok Kp dengan kelompok K+ (p = 0,025). Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak S. platensis terbukti memberikan pengaruh antioksidan terhadap peningkatan aktivitas katalase jaringan hepar tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol dosis tinggi.