bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dairy calves provided with environmental enrichment are more active, playful and have fewer feeding interruptions
Authors: Occhiuto Francesca , Vázquez-Diosdado Jorge A. , Thomas Matthew , Gayner Emma R. , King Andrew J. , Kaler Jasmeet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Concerns for farm animal welfare have led to the use of environmental enrichment to stimulate natural behaviours and promote positive emotions. In cattle, the provision of brushes is sometimes recommended but their use in calves and the effects they may have are not well established. The use of precision technologies enables the collection of detailed behavioural data that can be used as welfare indicators. Here we use ultra-wideband location sensors to measure activity and play, along with automatic milk feeders to measure feeding. We assessed the effects of stationary brushes on the behaviour of 226 dairy calves for up to 72 days. Half of the calves had access to the brushes for half of the experimental period. Using a mixed-effects linear model we showed that when brushes were present calves had significantly higher activity, fed slower, had fewer interruptions in their meals and spent less time around the feeder, suggesting reduced competition. Furthermore, calves that had access to brushes during the trial were more active and playful, even on days when the brushes were not available, compared to the control group. This finding indicates for the first time that enrichment may have a lasting effect on calf behaviour and welfare.
Perceptual space and adjective rating of 2.5D tactile patterns
Authors: Hwang Inwook , Yun Sungryul , Park Jaeyoung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present study investigates the human haptic perception of 2.5D tactile patterns based on adjective ratings and how physical factors, such as the bump diameter of the pattern or material, affect their tactile perception. We designed fifty tactile patterns by varying the pattern’s bump diameter, pattern uniformity, and material and evaluated the effect of the parameters on haptic perception by conducting a couple of human subject experiments. In Experiment 1, the perceived intensities of the tactile patterns were tested for a total of ten properties (adjective pairs). The experimental results indicate significant effects of the factors, the bump diameter, pattern type, and material on the perceived intensities of the 2.5D patterns. In Experiment 2, a cluster sorting of the tactile patterns was conducted, and a haptic perceptual space was constructed with an MDS (multi-dimensional scaling). The results indicate a grouping of the samples by bump diameter and an effect of sample pattern uniformity for larger 2.5D tactile patterns. Overall, the present study showed that bump diameter, pattern type, and material significantly affected the perception of 2.5D tactile patterns based on the adjective ratings, and the 2.5D patterns could be grouped by the pattern’s bump diameter and uniformity.
The relationship between perception and landscape characteristics of recreational places with human mental well-being
Authors: Vanhöfen Janina , Härtel Talia , Reichert Giovanna , Randler Christoph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Being outdoors benefits both humans’ physical and mental well-being, but the reasons for this connection are difficult to pinpoint. This study examines 40 recreational areas to understand their individual characteristics’ impact on mental well-being. We interviewed 1184 visitors on their perception of the place and feeling of mental well-being. In a second survey, 49 participants were shown images of the areas to assess whether they perceived them in the same way as people on-site did. Biologists then evaluated the areas through bird and biotope surveys, also assessing various other landscape characteristics of the study areas. Analysis using a two-level multivariate GLM revealed that perceived naturalness and perceived bird diversity are significant predictors of improved mental well-being. On the flip side, mental well-being declines with increased human impact, as indicated by the amount of infrastructure and the Human Footprint Index value. Notably, perceived naturalness positively correlates with actual bird diversity (p = 0.005) and negatively with human impact (p = 0.006). A strong perception of birds enhances the mental well-being of greenspace visitors (p < 0.001), while a high birding specialization negatively affects recalled restoration (p = 0.014). The estimated restoration value (p = 0.001) and estimated beauty (p < 0.001) from the online survey correlate positively with emotions experienced on-site. The perception of naturalness in images aligns with on-site perception, suggesting pathways for future research and the design of recreational areas.
Micromechanical behavior of the apple fruit cuticle investigated by Brillouin light scattering microscopy
Authors: Landes Timm , Khanal Bishnu P. , Bethge Hans Lukas , Lehrich Tina , Kilic Maximilian Seydi , Renz Franz , Zabic Miroslav , Knoche Moritz , Heinemann Dag 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cuticle is a polymeric membrane covering all plant aerial organs of primary origin. It regulates water loss and defends against environmental stressors and pathogens. Despite its significance, understanding of the micro-mechanical properties of the cuticle (cuticular membrane; CM) remains limited. In this study, non-invasive Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectroscopy was applied to probe the micro-mechanics of native CM, dewaxed CM (DCM), and isolated cutin matrix (CU) of mature apple fruit. The BLS signal arises from the photon interaction with thermally induced pressure waves and allows for imaging with mechanical contrast. The derived loss tangent showed significant differences with wax extraction from the CM and further with carbohydrate extraction from the DCM, consistent with tensile test results. Spatial heterogeneity between anticlinal and periclinal regions was observed by BLS microscopy of CM and DCM, but not in CU. The key conclusions are: (1) BLS is sensitive to micro-mechanical variations, particularly the strain-stiffening effect of the cutin framework, offering insights into the CM’s micro-mechanical behavior and underlying chemical structures; (2) CM and DCM exhibit spatial micro-mechanical heterogeneity between periclinal and anticlinal regions.
Relaxation of mucosal fibronectin fibers in late gut inflammation following neutrophil infiltration in mice
Authors: Rappold Ronja , Kalogeropoulos Konstantinos , La Regina Gianna , auf dem Keller Ulrich , Slack Emma , Vogel Viola 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The continuously remodeled extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in gastrointestinal health and disease, yet its precise functions remain elusive. In this study, we employed laser capture microdissection combined with low-input proteomics to investigate ECM remodeling during Salmonella-driven inflammation. To complement this, we probed how fibronectin fiber tension is altered using a mechanosensitive peptide probe. While fibronectin fibers in healthy intestinal tissue are typically stretched, many lose their tension in intestinal smooth muscles only hours after infection, despite the absence of bacteria in that area. In contrast, within the mucosa, where Salmonella is present starting 12 h post infection, fibronectin fiber relaxation occurred exclusively during late-stage infection at 72 h and was localized to already existing clusters of infiltrated neutrophils. Using N-terminomics, we identified three new cleavage sites in fibronectin in the inflamed cecum. The unique, tissue layer-specific changes in the molecular compositions and ECM fiber tension revealed herein might trigger new therapeutic strategies to fight acute intestinal inflammation.
Radio emission from little red dots may reveal their true nature
Authors: Latif Muhammad A. , Aftab Ammara , Whalen Daniel J. , Mezcua Mar 
Published: February 2025

Context. The unprecedented sensitivity of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revolutionized our understanding of the early Universe. Among the most intriguing JWST discoveries are red, very compact objects that show broad line emission features, nicknamed little red dots (LRDs). The discovery of LRDs has triggered great interest in their origin as either extremely starbursting galaxies or highly obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Their exact nature remains unknown.
Aims. The goal of this work is to estimate the radio emission from LRDs and predict which radio surveys would detect them. To achieve these objectives, we employed the fundamental plane of black hole (BH) accretion to estimate radio emission from AGNs and the stellar radio fluxes from their host galaxies. We assumed a range of BH masses, X-ray luminosities (LX), and star formation rates (SFRs) to bracket the likely properties of LRDs.
Methods. Our findings suggest that BH radio fluxes from LRDs are 10–100 times higher than the stellar fluxes from their host galaxies, depending on the BH mass, LX, and SFR. The detection of a ∼500 nJy signal above 2 GHz at z ≥ 5 or a ∼2000 nJy flux at z = 3–4 would be a smoking gun for the presence of AGNs provided that SFRs in the host galaxies are < 30 M⊙ yr−1.
Results. We find that LRDs are most likely radio-quiet AGNs; otherwise, they would have already been detected in the current radio surveys. Our findings suggest that LRDs can be detected with upcoming radio observatories such as ngVLA and SKA with integration times of 10–100 h, respectively.
Das oregis-Dashboard: webbasiertes Benchmarking in der augenheilkundlichen Versorgungsforschung in Deutschland
Authors: Zimmermann Julian Alexander , Dicke Christopher , Arndt Maren , Hollosi Noel-Adrian , Storp Jens Julian , Eter Nicole 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Oregis, das digitale Register der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft (DOG), dient als zentrale Plattform zur Erfassung und Analyse von Versorgungsdaten in der Augenheilkunde in Deutschland. Ziel von oregis ist es, ein umfassendes Bild der aktuellen Versorgungslage zu schaffen und die Versorgungsforschung durch Real-World-Daten aus ambulanten und stationären Einrichtungen zu fördern. Seit seiner Einführung im Jahr 2020 verzeichnet oregis eine kontinuierliche Ausweitung der Datenbasis, die wissenschaftliche Analysen zu vielfältigen Fragestellungen ermöglicht. In dieser Arbeit wird die neue Dashboard-Funktion vorgestellt, die teilnehmenden Zentren den Vergleich eigener Patientendaten mit den Gesamtdaten in Echtzeit erlaubt, sowie datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte beleuchtet.
Material und Methoden In Anlehnung an bestehende medizinische Register beschloss der oregis-Lenkungsausschuss die Einführung des oregis-Dashboards. Zunächst wurden 49 nationale und internationale Register analysiert, um gemeinsame Merkmale wie die Möglichkeit des Benchmarkings zu identifizieren. Im Anschluss erfolgten technische Umsetzung und Implementierung.
Ergebnisse Jedes an oregis angebundene Zentrum hat über einen sicheren Zugang Zugriff auf das oregis-Dashboard, das die wichtigsten Indikatoren zu Patienten, Diagnosen und Behandlungen abbildet. Dynamische Filteroptionen ermöglichen eine gezielte Datenanalyse, wobei die Ergebnisse des eigenen Zentrums anonymisiert mit aggregierten Daten anderer Zentren verglichen werden. Die technische Basis für das Dashboard bildet Apache Superset. Die Datenübertragung erfolgt über den oregis-Konnektor, der patientenbezogene Daten nach festgelegten Standards anonymisiert. Umfangreiche Sicherheits- und Datenschutzmaßnahmen gewährleisten die Datensicherheit, einschl. serverseitiger Verschlüsselung, Transportverschlüsselung und 2-Faktor-Authentifizierung. Das Dashboard ist Bestandteil eines umfassenden Datenschutzkonzepts, das von Datenschutzexperten für oregis entwickelt und validiert wurde.
Schlussfolgerung Die Zahl der an oregis angeschlossenen Zentren wächst kontinuierlich. Das neue, webbasierte Dashboard ermöglicht es, Daten flexibel zu analysieren und mit anderen Zentren zu vergleichen, ohne Rückschlüsse auf einzelne Versorgungseinheiten zuzulassen, wodurch der Datenschutz und die Unabhängigkeit der Zentren gewahrt werden. Mit dem Wachstum von oregis können weitere Funktionen ergänzt werden, um einen besseren Überblick über die augenheilkundliche Versorgung in Deutschland zu schaffen.
Venookklusive erektile Dysfunktion: aktuelle Übersicht und klinischer Leitfaden
Authors: Galimov Rustam 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungErektile Dysfunktion (ED) ist einer der häufigsten Vorstellungsgründe in der urologischen Praxis. Trotz des wesentlichen Fortschritts im Verständnis der Pathophysiologie der ED bleiben noch einige vaskuläre Ursachen, wo diagnostische und therapeutische Maßnahmen nicht einheitlich sind.Was ist der richtige Weg bei Verdacht auf eine venöse Leckage? Was ist der Stellenwert der venösen ligierenden Operationen und der radiologischen Interventionen?Die narrative Literaturübersicht der vorhandenen Quellen hinsichtlich der venösen kavernösen Insuffizienz.Die Ursachen der kavernösen venösen Insuffizienz sind heterogen. Die effektivste Behandlunsgmethode ist Implantation einer Schwellkörperprothese. Die venösen ligierenden Operationen oder radiologischen Interventionen sind keine verlässliche Therapieoption aufgrund des Rezidivrisikos.Die Patienten mit einer kavernösen venösen Insuffizienz sind Kandidaten für die Implantation einer Schwellkörperprothese. Die Gefäßinterventionen bei dieser Patientengruppe können im Rahmen von klinischen Studien durchgeführt werden.
Round Ligament of the Uterus: Radiological and Surgical Perspective
Authors: Patil Aruna Raman , Ramamurthy Harshita 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe round ligaments of the uterus are a pair of fibromuscular cord-like structures derived from the gubernaculum and serve as a secondary support system for the uterus. The round ligaments have varied clinical and surgical implications. The involvement of round ligaments by pathological processes is underestimated. Advancements in imaging, visualization, and evaluation of round ligaments have widened our understanding of various developmental anomalies and diseases, resulting in better prognostication and management.
Development of a high-stability FHD (total-field F, horizontal component H, and declination D) geomagnetic vector magnetometer based on bias and compensation fields
Authors: Ju Haihua , Xia Zhong , Ge Jian , Zhang Cen , Zhang Le , Li Bin , Dai Jia 
Published: February 2025

Geomagnetic vector measurement can obtain more geomagnetic information, which is one of the main development directions of geomagnetic measurement. To date, the magnetic flux gate magnetometer is the main tool for geomagnetic vector measurement; however, its drift issue cannot be ignored. To address this issue, we propose a geomagnetic vector measurement method based on bias and compensation fields and then develop a high-stability FHD (total-field F, horizontal component H, and declination D) vector magnetometer based on a proton sensor and a magnetic field generator. In addition, a dedicated experimental platform is constructed to verify the performance of the developed magnetometer in a geomagnetic station. Compared to the flux gate magnetometer, the experimental results indicate that the fourth-order differential noise of the declination D, horizontal component H, and vertical component Z are 1″, 0.27, and 0.15 nT, respectively, which are all lower than those of the flux gate magnetometer. In addition, the horizontal component H and vertical component Z of the flux gate magnetometer indicate more than 30 and 60 nT startup drift, respectively; in contrast, the proposed FHD magnetometer shows an excellent stability during a 16 h observation time.
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with KRISS, September 2024
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Lee Sangil , Lee Hwan 
Published: February 2025

Main text
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Korea maintained by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol mol-1 to 500 nmol mol-1.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Urban power line extraction from mobile LiDAR point clouds based on local line-plane seperation model and global refinement
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Jiwen , Huang Min , Li Li , Tu Jingmin , Li Ji , Hu Tu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Power line extraction from three-dimensional (3D) point clouds is a key step for power inspection. However, the power line is intertwined and covered with trees and other objects in the urban area, which brings a tremendous challenge to its extraction. This article proposed a local-to-global method to extract power lines from mobile Light Detection and Ranging point clouds based on multiple characteristics. Firstly, initial point clouds clusters are selected through data preprocessing. Secondly, given the linearity and independence of the power line, we innovatively design a local line-plane separation modeling to divide the point clouds into high-confidence power line points, non-power line points, and unconfirmed points. Then, a novel global energy function is designed for the graph cut model according to the long linear and short radius characteristics of the power line. The proposed method has been tested on Toronto 3D and WuHan Avenue datasets. The average Precision, Recall, and F1score can reach up to 0.92, 0.73, and 0.79 respectively, which is superior to state-of-the-art approaches. The result demonstrates the efficacy and robustness of our proposed approach in extracting power lines within urban environments using a mobile laser scanning system.
Fixed-focus laser triangulation simultaneously measures the morphology and color of object
Authors: Zheng Yinan , Liu Huazhen , Ding Chunxu , Qu Yuan , Yang Jiamiao , Shao Rongjun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Simultaneously measuring the surface morphology and color of a sample is crucial for full-color 3D printing and digitization of cultural artifacts. However, traditional methods are susceptible to the variations in the measurement angle and illumination condition, making it difficult to balance the color fidelity and spatial accuracy. Here, we propose a laser triangulation method that is implemented with a fixed focus, dark-field illumination, and data-driven spectral classification. With a fixed focus, this method measures the height of surface by analyzing the shape of reflected light spot. The dark-field illumination diminishes the background contributed by the specular reflection of white light, enabling an accurate spectral measurement. The data-driven spectral classification algorithm establishes color dataset for each sample, and ensures a precise color recognition through principal component analysis dimensionality reduction and K-nearest neighbor classification. In our experiment, this method achieved an axial resolution of 5.1 μm. The color classification accuracy was as high as 99.79% on ColorChecker cards and 96.03% on Pantone color match cards. Three samples were reconstructed and evaluated to validate this method, the mean absolute error of the morphology measurements did not exceed 25 μm, and the color difference (CIE2000) does not exceed 1.0, confirming its ability to accurately measure the surface morphology and color simultaneously.
DarkMatcher: an efficient self-supervised network for image matching in extremely dark environments
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Wang Peng , Li Yue , Li Lin , Song Qingrui , He Rongfang , Fu Luhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Low-light visual perception problems, such as night simultaneous localization and mapping or structure-from-motion have attracted increasing attention, and the performance of keypoint detection and local feature description play a crucial role. Many traditional algorithms and machine learning methods have been widely used to detect and describe local features. However, the performance of the existing techniques in the face of highly low-light scenes will be drastically degraded, resulting in subsequent practical application needs that cannot be met. Therefore, an efficient self-supervised deep learning model DarkMatcher is proposed, which can directly detect and describe features from images in extremely dark environments in an end-to-end way. This model consists of a backbone based on new dynamic deformable convolutional blocks and a novel DarkMatcher module that combines multiple attention mechanisms to realize cross-scale feature information interaction. The former enhances the feature extraction capability of the model for low-light environment images. The latter effectively strengthens the matching ability of extremely dark environments and weak texture areas, and further improves the feature matching accuracy in low-light scenes. In addition, transfer learning and real-time training strategies are used to enhance the generalization and feature representation capabilities of the model. Many experimental results indicate that DarkMatcher possesses the best matching performance and robustness for feature points in extremely dark environment, with an average matching accuracy of 71.24% and an average execution time of 51 ms for each pair of images. Besides, the visual pose estimation experiment has also obtained good results as validation.
Extensive adjustment of magnetic field on plasma density and ion incidence angle in radio frequency discharge
Authors: Ma Fang-Fang , Zhang Quan-Zhi , Schulze Julian , Cui Yu-Meng , Wang You-Nian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The impact of an inhomogeneous magnetic field generated by supplementary direct current (DC) coils on the uniformity of capacitively coupled discharges is examined utilizing a two-dimensional implicit particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo model. Typically, at low pressure, the radial density distribution of plasma is characterized by a high density at the center of the chamber and a lower density near the periphery. This results in non-uniform radial plasma density profiles and large ion impact angles at the electrode. We find that placing a DC coil above the chamber produces a non-uniform static magnetic field, which facilitates the transport of plasma species toward the electrode periphery, resulting in a more uniform plasma density distribution. Nonetheless, this approach leads to a decrease in central density and adversely affects the ion incident angles near the chamber’s center. Consequently, this compromise undermines both the efficiency and uniformity of processes occurring in the central region of the chamber. To overcome these limitations, we propose innovative coil configurations, specifically dual direct current (DC) coils comprising an inner and an outer coil. The outer coil, situated above the chamber, has a larger radius, while the inner coil, positioned either above or below the chamber, has a smaller radius. Additionally, the currents in the inner and outer coils flow in opposite directions. Our findings indicate that the outer coil predominantly governs the density distribution across the entire electrode surface, while the inner coil allows for precise adjustment of the plasma density near the discharge center. Therefore, by adjusting the currents of the outer and inner coils, significant improvements can be achieved in both the uniformity of plasma density and the vertical alignment of the ion angles above the electrode. These factors are critical for the fabrication of high aspect ratio microelectronic structures.