bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing different strategies to reduce hepatocellular damage in obese common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Brown Mallory Gwendolyn , Feller Laine Elizabeth , Trupkiewicz John Gregory , Hutchinson Eric Kenneth , Izzi Jessica Marie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) can lead to various liver pathologies. In other species, reduced caloric intake and weight loss improve prognosis, and, often, hepatoprotectants are used to halt or reverse hepatocellular damage from fat deposition in the liver. There are no published therapies for reducing hepatocellular damage in obese marmosets.MethodsFifteen obese marmosets were used to evaluate the ability of caloric restriction and pharmacologic therapy (S‐adenosylmethionine + milk thistle extract, or SMT), alone and combined, to reduce elevated liver enzymes. Body weight and serum chemistries were measured every 4 weeks for 6 months.ResultsAcross treatment groups, there was a significant reduction in liver enzymes ALT and AST over time. SMT alone significantly reduced liver enzymes ALT and AST at 6 months from baseline.ConclusionsCaloric restriction and SMT, alone and combined, are effective at reducing liver enzyme levels in obese marmosets.
A new eco‐friendly and water‐resistant sunscreen agent: Lecithin‐based multilamellar liposomes
Authors: Bernasqué Antoine , Faure Chrystel , Rezvani Hamid , Cario Muriel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundUV skin exposure is an important matter of public health, as the worldwide rising prevalence of skin cancers indicates. However, a wide majority of commercially available sunscreens are responsible for ocean ecosystem damages such as coral reef degradation and phytoplankton mortality.AimsTo answer the urge for new eco‐friendly UV filters, we studied the use of lecithin‐based multilamellar liposomes (MLLs) of controlled size and elasticity as a bio‐sourced and biodegradable alternative to classic sunscreens. These parameters control allows different skin layers targeting.MethodsThe performance of two different MLLs compositions and a commercially available SPF50+ water‐resistant liposomal sunscreen was compared on skin explants. SC‐MLLs target the stratum corneum and Epi‐MLLs the whole epidermis. Preparations were applied prior to skin irradiation. Their efficiencies were evaluated histologically (hematoxylin and eosin staining plus cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer [CPD] immunostaining) and by skin barrier quality assessment (trans‐epithelial electrical resistance). Adhesiveness to the skin was also investigated.ResultsAltogether, ex vivo results indicate MLLs offer a solar protection as effective as a SPF50+ water‐resistant liposomal sunscreen but with a better skin adhesiveness and an improved skin barrier function.ConclusionLecithin‐based MLLs of controlled physicochemical parameters can be used as a new eco‐friendly and water‐resistant agent for solar protection. The stratum corneum targeted action of SC‐MLLs appears to be more interesting, as SC‐MLLs exhibit an overall better performance than Epi‐MLLs at a lower cost. The skin barrier improvement showcased could be of interest to people suffering from dry skin or skin barrier impairment related disease.
Ineffective responses to unlikely outbreaks: Hypothesis building in newly‐emerging infectious disease outbreaks
Authors: Jephcott Freya L , Wood James L N , Cunningham Andrew A , Bonney J H Kofi , Nyarko‐Ameyaw Stephen , Maier Ursula , Geissler P Wenzel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the last 30 years, there has been significant investment in research and infrastructure aimed at mitigating the threat of newly emerging infectious diseases (NEID). Core epidemiological processes, such as outbreak investigations, however, have received little attention and have proceeded largely unchecked and unimproved. Using ethnographic material from an investigation into a cryptic encephalitis outbreak in the Brong‐Ahafo Region of Ghana in 2010–2013, in this paper we trace processes of hypothesis building and their relationship to the organizational structures of the response. We demonstrate how commonly recurring features of NEID investigations produce selective pressures in hypothesis building that favor iterations of pre‐existing “exciting” hypotheses and inhibit the pursuit of alternative hypotheses, regardless of relative likelihood. These findings contribute to the growing anthropological and science and technology studies (STS) literature on the epistemic communities that coalesce around suspected NEID outbreaks and highlight an urgent need for greater scrutiny of core epidemiological processes.
Natural history and prognostic factors of candidemia in kidney transplant recipients: A retrospective, multinational study
Authors: Peçanha‐Pietrobom Paula M. , Truda Vanessa S. S. , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Gutiérrez Manuel García , Sukiennik Teresa Cristina T. , Santos Daniel Wagner De C. L. , Valerio Maricela , Gioia Francesca , Rodríguez‐Goncer Isabel , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Vena Antonio , Machado Marina , Bassetti Matteo , Muñoz Patricia , Aguado José María , Tedesco‐Silva Helio , Colombo Arnaldo Lopes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe natural history of candidemia in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate mortality, prognostic factors and overall graft loss after candidemia in KTRs.MethodsThis is a retrospective multicentre study enrolling all KTRs ≥15 years old with candidemia diagnosed at hospitals in Brazil, Spain and Italy from 2010 to 2020. Primary endpoints were mortality rates at 14 and 30 days. Secondary endpoints were prognostic factors of 14‐day mortality and overall graft loss.ResultsWe enrolled 93 KTRs of which 75 were from Brazil. The mean time interval from transplantation to the onset of candidemia was 45.2 ± 61.5 months. 42% of all patients were on haemodialysis, 31.3% had an episode of sepsis and 39% underwent surgery within 30 days before fungemia. European patients were more likely to receive echinocandin (32 vs. 72%, p < .001). 22.7% of Brazilian patients did not receive any antifungal before death. All‐cause mortality at 14 days was higher in Brazil (41.3 vs. 11.1%, p = .016). Candida colonisation (OR 6.91 [95% CI: 1.08–44.3], p = .042) and hypotension (OR 4.87 [95% CI: 1.62–14.66], p = .005) were associated with 14‐day mortality. Echinocandin treatment had a protective effect (OR 0.19 [95% CI: 0.05–0.73], p = .015). Graft loss at 90 days occurred in 48% of patients (70.7 in Brazil vs. 22.2% in Europe, p < .01).ConclusionsCandidemia in KTR is usually documented late after engraftment in patients requiring HD, surgical procedures and dysbiosis secondary to antibiotic use. Mortality was higher in Brazil. Echinocandin therapy was associated with improved survival.
„Feurige Blitze in ihrem Kopf“: Hypersensitivität als Empathie in Marlen Haushofers Himmel, der nirgendwo endet
Authors: Van der Gucht Liselotte 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag schlägt einen neuen Blick auf den Roman Himmel, der nirgendwo endet (1966) der österreichischen Autorin Marlen Haushofer vor, indem eine Neurodiversitätsperspektive eingenommen wird. Die im Vergleich zur Norm alternative sowie höchst intensive Erfahrung der Hauptfigur Meta wird von einer Hypersensitivität charakterisiert, die eine Hyperempathie für Lebewesen und sogar unlebendige Objekte auslöst. Der literarische Text trägt zu einem neuen Verständnis der gelebten Erfahrung von Neurodiversität im Gegensatz zu pathologischen Interpretationen bei, die von medizinischen oder sozialen Behinderungsmodellen aufgeführt werden, und macht kognitive Differenzen wie Hypersensitivität und Hyperempathie den Leser*innen zugänglich. Die literarische Darstellung dieser Differenz gelingt über die Naturerfahrung der Hauptfigur, wobei die Natur deren körperliche und mentale Zustände metaphorisch veranschaulicht.
Attentional modulation in literary reading: A theoretical‐empirical framework
Authors: van de Ven Inge 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhen we think of a person engaged in the act of reading literary fiction, the mental image that readily comes to mind is one of focused concentration. In our current information age, such a form of reading seems especially necessary, and often lacking. This causes a change in how we read, often described in terms of close reading versus hyperreading. Literary reading is typically associated with the former; screen‐based reading of information texts with the latter. Accounts of attention and distraction in reading research are often informed by a binary way of thinking. Literary reading, while often aligned with close reading, also involves selection, strategic allocation of attention informed by textual cues, condensation, and mind‐wandering. It never occurs in a state of continuous attention: we combine different modes, triggered by both textual and readerly characteristics. A challenge for literary studies in the present media landscape is to determine more precisely when readers read with close attention and when they skim, or what they skip. This article presents a theoretical contribution to studies of literary reading in the form of a literature review and a framework for attentional modulation. Education might benefit from a more sophisticated concept of such attentional modulations.
Survey of viruses and vectors in tomato plants, alternative hosts and weeds in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Gorayeb Eduardo Silva , do Nascimento Samara Campos , dos Santos Alba Nise Mericia Rocha , Batalhon Lucas , Albuquerque Matheus Rodrigues Magalhães , de Oliveira Vitória Gabrielli Ferreira , de Souza Vivian Borges , Bogo Amauri , da Silva Fábio Nascimento 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSanta Catarina is an important tomato‐producing state in Brazil, but there is little data regarding the prevalence and characterization of viruses and insect vectors in tomato plants in this state. This study surveyed viruses and their vectors in commercial tomato‐producing areas, as well as alternative hosts and weeds in the surrounding areas. Sixty‐five samples of young leaves were collected between 2019 and 2023, and viruses were detected with generic or specific PCR primers targeting several virus genera. In addition, 397 virus vector insect samples were collected and identified. The orthotospoviruses tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) were the most prevalent and distributed in several regions, whilst the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and begomovirus tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) were restricted to the metropolitan region of Florianópolis. This is the first report of ToSRV in Solanum americanum in Brazil and of TCSV in zucchini and cucumbers worldwide. A survey of insect vectors found whiteflies, Mediterranean cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci (MED) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum were predominant, while Frankliniella occidentalis and F. schultzei thrips were often found cohabiting in the sampled crops. These results highlight the need to adapt management strategies in Santa Catarina, especially in the Santo Amaro da Imperatriz region, where a greater frequency and diversity of viral species and vectors were found. In addition, both the thrips and whitefly species (especially MED) found are a cause for concern, as they readily transmit viruses that infest crops in the open fields of Santa Catarina.
How citizens want to “see” the state: Exploring the relationship between transparency and public values
Authors: Schnell Sabina , Kim Jiho , Munno Greg , Nabatchi Tina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough transparency is recognized as an important public value, few studies examine how citizens see the relationship between transparency and other public values. To empirically investigate this relationship, we distinguish among five types of transparency and explore their associations with different views of “good” government and other public values. Using survey data and Q methodology, we find that citizens see transparency as an important value, albeit not the most important one. We also find that people give different weight to different kinds of transparency and that this depends on individual characteristics and on their overall value orientation or conception of “good” government. In particular, those who hold a contractarian view of democracy prefer types of transparency associated with accountability. Overall, transparency as candor is valued most highly and least associated with other value preferences—suggesting an important interpretation of transparency that has been hitherto neglected in the literature.
Soft‐sediment deformation structures and Neptunian dykes across a carbonate system: Evidence for an earthquake‐related origin (Norian, Dolomia Principale, Southern Alps, Italy)
Authors: Berra Fabrizio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentification of the processes producing soft‐sediment deformation structures, common in siliciclastic deposits and less abundant in carbonate successions, is complex, because different processes may produce similar structures. Thus, interpreting the origin of these structures may be challenging: it requires both a detailed sedimentological study, and the knowledge of the depositional environment and stratigraphic evolution, in order to provide hints to identify the processes affecting sediments after deposition. Among the potential causes of the formation of soft‐sediment deformation structures, seismic shock is one of the possibilities, but their origin could be also related to other triggering mechanisms, such as volcanic activity, sediment loading, salt tectonics, fluid expulsion, meteorite impacts and mass movements. Although it is a plausible option, the interpretation of these structures as ‘seismites' is not obvious: it must be supported by different lines of evidence, considering that the correct interpretation of soft‐sediment deformation structures as a consequence of seismic shocks acquires important implications in palaeoseismology studies. The occurrence of diverse soft‐sediment deformation structures in a fault‐controlled basin (i.e. in a geological setting characterized by syndepositional tectonics) preserved in different subenvironments of a Norian carbonate system in the Southern Alps of Italy provides the chance to characterize different types of soft‐sediment deformation structures along a platform‐to‐basin depositional profile. Presence of pseudonodules in basinal resedimented limestone, sedimentary dykes and clinostratified breccias with unlithified clasts in slope settings and liquefaction of inner platform facies at the platform top testify to an origin compatible with multiple seismic shocks, repetitively affecting the same stratigraphic intervals. The diverse types of soft‐sediment deformation structures in the studied carbonate system provide a rich catalogue of structures related to seismic shocks, representing a possible reference for other similar settings.
Understudied regions and messy taxonomy: Geography, not taxonomy, is the best predictor for genetic divergence of the Poecilimon bosphoricus species group
Authors: Çıplak Battal , Yahyaoğlu Özgül , Uluar Onur , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe complex and dynamic history of the Anatolian Peninsula during the Pleistocene set the stage for species diversification. However, the evolutionary history of biodiversity in the region is shrouded by the challenges of studying species divergence in the recent, dynamic past. Here, we study the Poecilimon bosphoricus (PB) species group to understand how the bush crickets' diversification and the regions' complex history are coupled. Specifically, using sequences of two mitochondrial and two nuclear gene segments from over 500 individuals for a comprehensive set of taxa with extensive geographic sampling, we infer the phylogenetic and geographic setting of species divergence. In addition, we use the molecular data to examine hypothesized species boundaries that were defined morphologically. Our analyses of the timing of divergence confirm the recent origin of the PB complex, indicating its diversification coincided with the dynamic geology and climate of the Pleistocene. Moreover, the geography of divergence suggests a history of fragmentation followed by admixture of populations, suggestive of a ring species. However, the evolutionary history based on genetic divergence conflicts with morphologically defined species boundaries raising the prospects that incipient species divergences may be relatively ephemeral. As such, the morphological differences observed in the PB complex may not to be sufficient to have prevented homogenizing gene flow in the past. Alternatively, with the recent origin of the complex, the lack of time for lineage sorting may underlie the discord between morphological species boundaries and genetic differentiation. Under either hypothesis, geography—not taxonomy—is the best predictor of genetic divergence.
Reactions to serum eye drops—New Zealand experience and review of the literature
Authors: Badami Krishna G. , McKellar Malcolm 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSerum eye drops (SED) are used to treat ocular surface disease. Reactions to SED are poorly documented.MethodsWe present our experience of self‐reported reactions in New Zealand to SED (25%; autologous, allogeneic, or both) between 2003 and 2023, and a focused review of the literature.ResultsIn total, 1067 patients received SED treatment (562 autologous, 318 allogeneic, and 187 both). Three (0.5% of those treated with allogeneic SED) reported reactions. All appeared to be allergic. All were associated with allogeneic SED. We have information on two patients: one had an eye reaction; in the other, the gastrointestinal tract was involved. The literature contains few reports of reactions to SED. They have involved both autologous and allogeneic SED, and various SED concentrations. None appears to have been severe. Notably, no eye or systemic infections have been reported.ConclusionsInformation on the types and frequencies of reactions to SED is poor. This may be due to: serum being less likely to cause reactions; eyes being resistant to reactions; reactions being rare, and insufficient use of SED having occurred; under‐reporting related to SED use at home and reactions being mild. More robust monitoring for reactions to SED is needed.
Redundant Serial Manipulator Inverse Position Kinematics and Dynamics
Authors: Haug Edward J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA redundant serial manipulator inverse position kinematic mapping is employed to define a new manipulator operational space differentiable manifold and an associated system of well posed operational space differential equations of manipulator dynamics. A review of deficiencies in the conventional generalized inverse velocity approach to manipulator redundancy resolution and a numerical example show that the conventional approach is incompatible with kinematics of redundant serial manipulators. The inverse position kinematic mapping presented is shown to define a differentiable manifold that is parameterized by either input or operational space coordinates. Differentiation of the inverse position mapping yields an inverse velocity mapping that is a total differential, in contrast with generalized inverse velocity mappings, hence avoiding the deficiencies identified. A second differentiation yields an inverse acceleration mapping that is used, without ad-hoc derivation, to obtain well posed operational space ordinary differential equations of redundant manipulator dynamics that are equivalent to the equations of multibody dynamics.
SAR92 clade bacteria are potentially important DMSP degraders and sources of climate-active gases in marine environments
Authors: He Xiao-Yan , Liu Ning-Hua , Liu Ji-Qing , Peng Ming , Teng Zhao-Jie , Gu Tie-Ji , Chen Xiu-Lan , Chen Yin , Wang Peng , Li Chun-Yang , Todd Jonathan D. , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Zhang Xi-Ying 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of Earth’s most abundant organosulfur molecules, which can be catabolized by marine bacteria to release climate-active gases through the cleavage and/or demethylation pathways. The marine SAR92 clade is an abundant oligotrophic group of
Gammaproteobacteria
in coastal seawater, but their ability to catabolize DMSP is untested. Three SAR92 clade strains isolated from coastal seawater in this study and the SAR92 representative strain HTCC2207 were all shown to catabolize DMSP as a carbon source. All the SAR92 clade strains exhibited DMSP lyase activity producing dimethylsulfide (DMS) and their genomes encoded a ratified DddD DMSP lyase. In contrast, only HTCC2207 and two isolated strains contained the DMSP demethylase
dmdA
gene and potentially simultaneously demethylated and cleaved DMSP to produce methanethiol (MeSH) and DMS. In SAR92 clade strains with
dddD
and
dmdA
, transcription of these genes was inducible by DMSP substrate. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that SAR92 clade bacteria containing and transcribing DddD and DmdA were widely distributed in global oceans, especially in polar regions. This study highlights the SAR92 clade of oligotrophic bacteria as potentially important catabolizers of DMSP and sources of the climate-active gases MeSH and DMS in marine environments, particularly in polar regions.

IMPORTANCE

Catabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by marine bacteria has important impacts on the global sulfur cycle and climate. However, whether and how members of most oligotrophic bacterial groups participate in DMSP metabolism in marine environments remains largely unknown. In this study, by characterizing culturable strains, we have revealed that bacteria of the SAR92 clade, an abundant oligotrophic group of
Gammaproteobacteria
in coastal seawater, can catabolize DMSP through the DMSP lyase DddD-mediated cleavage pathway and/or the DMSP demethylase DmdA-mediated demethylation pathway to produce climate-active gases dimethylsulfide and methanethiol. Additionally, we found that SAR92 clade bacteria capable of catabolizing DMSP are widely distributed in global oceans. These results indicate that SAR92 clade bacteria are potentially important DMSP degraders and sources of climate-active gases in marine environments that have been overlooked, contributing to a better understanding of the roles and mechanisms of the oligotrophic bacteria in oceanic DMSP degradation.