bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioprospecting antiobesity and anticholesterol activity of ethanolic extract of Clidemia hirta leaves grown at Merapi Mountain National Park in a high fat diet-induced obese Swiss Webster mice
Authors: Prima C N , Widhiastuti S S , Nurwijayanto A , Arsiningtyas I S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Clidemia hirta is one of the invasive species. Its presence is undesirable in conservation areas such as Merapi Mount National Park. Bioprospecting its antiobesity activity could not only be the alternative solution to solve obesity problems but also to control their presence in Merapi Mount National Park. This study aims to determine the antiobesity activity of the ethanolic extract of C. hirta against the Swiss Webster strain male mice induced high-fat diet. Dried leaves were extracted using ethanol 96% with the maceration method for 48 hours. The extract was investigated for its secondary metabolites’ quantification for flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and total polyphenol content. Then the antiobesity test was carried out by dividing six treatment groups consisting of 4 mice. The treatment group was divided into normal control, negative control, positive control (orlistat 60 mg/kg body weight), and extract doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg body weight. The parameter observed was the activity of mice, feces, feed residue, body weight, and total blood cholesterol levels for each group of mice during the treatment for 28 days. The results showed that extracts contained 35.56 ± 1.99 mg QE/g, 2.651 ± 5.10 mg TAE/g, 4.500 ± 0.49 mg GAE/g, 0.305 ± 0.85 mg AE/g. Ethanolic extract of C. hirta leaves showed antiobesity and anticholesterol activity compared to positive control. Clidemia hirta is a potential plant to be developed as a product for antiobesity and anticholesterol.
Seven types of phenolic acid and inhibitory activity for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) from the stem of Sandoricum koetjape
Authors: Saadah S , Tulandi SM , Rohman RA 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSandoricum koetjapehas been traditionally used in Indonesian medicine for generations. The stem was used as a remedy for helminthiasis, sneezing, stomachache, indigestion, abdominal pain, leucorrhea, colic, and fever in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to identify the phenolic acids found in the stem ofS. koetjapeand to test their ability to inhibit the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). P-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and gallic acid were identified as phenolic acids found in theS. koetjapestem. The interaction of phenolic acids with the PTP1B was predicted using molecular docking. PTP1B has been linked to diabetes, obesity, tumors, and Alzheimer’s. The autodock 4.2 program, which is integrated with the pyrx v.09.8 virtual screening tool, was used to conduct the docking studies. Interacting between p-coumaric acid with PTP1-B on amino acids Glu115, Lys116, Lys120, Cys215, Ala217, Gly218, Ile219, Gly220, and Arg221. P-coumaric acid fulfills Lipinski’s rule and therefore can be taken orally. P-coumaric acid is expected to have a high oral bioavailability in humans, great absorption in the intestine, and an equivalent distribution in blood plasma and intestine. P-coumaric acid’s acute toxicity is also expected to be low. P-coumaric acid is also non-toxic to the liver, immune system, mutagenic, and cytotoxic.Sandoricum koetjapephenolic acids, particularly p-coumaric acid, appeared to be an effective PTP1-B inhibitor based on docking results.
Sedimentary Circumstances and Physiographic Sites Impact on the Morphological Properties of Feldspar Minerals of Iraqi Soils
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Ghada Kamal Hamza , Alabadi Luma Abdalalah Sagban 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The current research aimed to investigate the effect of sedimentary conditions, physiographic locations, proximity, and distance from the source on the morphological characteristics of feldspar minerals diagnosed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for some selected soils from northern and southern Iraq. The results of SEM present the emergence of a series of surface changes, corrosion, and the absence of healthy surfaces on the surfaces of orthoclase metal. It is dominated by roundness or sphericity, with the polishing of the metal surfaces coinciding with the phenomenon of roundness and sphericity. The edges of the orthoclase mineral were less affected due to being transported over long distances with transported river deposits. The presence of long lines indicates that the metal is subject to weathering and change. One of the most critical manifestations of change occurring on the surfaces of feldspars is the emergence of long parallel lines, which are called linear parallels, which reflect the severity of weathering to which the feldspar minerals were subjected. The morphological characteristics of the surfaces of the mineral microcline appeared under the SEM similar to those shown by the surfaces of the mineral orthoclase with clarity of the phenomenon of linear parallelism and a decrease in the phenomena of sphericity and polishing compared to the surfaces of the mineral orthoclase, which is less stable and resistant to weathering than the microcline. There was a phenomenon of accumulated plates on the surface of the metal, with the edges of the metal being subjected to weathering processes with greater intensity than the surface areas, despite the expansion of the surface area of the metal particles. The appearance of plagioclase of albite type and the edges of its particles were less affected by the weathering processes compared to its surfaces. The reason is attributed to the fact that the edges area is more susceptible to erosion and grinding during transport. This discrepancy in the morphological characteristics of feldspar minerals is attributed to their influence on the processes of weathering, transport, and sedimentation in the soils of the study areas and to the variation in their physiographic locations and their distance and proximity to the Iraqi-Iranian border strip in southern Iraq within the sedimentary plain affected by sediments coming from the heights of Iran in addition to being affected by the sediments of the Tigris River.
Effect of Different Crude Oil Levels on A bioavailability of Some Heavy Metals in Two Different Texture Soils
Authors: Al-Robai Hazim Aziz , Shaker Athmar Muayad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Soil polluted with crude oil is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world, which is mostly caused by human activity. Crude oil-associated heavy metals in the polluted soils are still considered as one of the major issue around the globe. Two soils were polluted with crude oil at levels of 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30 ml.kg−, then concentrations of heavy elements were added, 30 ml.kg− and 140 ml.kg− for lead and nickel and 40 ml.kg− and 150 ml.kg− for copper and zinc. When adding levels of (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30) ml.kg− of crude oil and (30 and 140) ml.kg− of lead and nickel, and (40 and 150) ml.kg− of zinc and copper to sandy and clay soils, it turns out a superiority in available lead concentrations over available nickel concentrations in sandy soil on the one hand, and a superiority in available nickel concentrations over available lead concentrations in clay soil when adding concentrations of 30 and 140 ml.kg− of the two elements on the other hand. It was also observed that the available form of copper concentrations were superior to the available form of zinc concentrations in sandy soil, and the available form of zinc concentrations were superior to the available form of copper concentrations in clay soil, when adding low concentrations (40 ml.kg−) and relatively high concentrations (150 ml.kg−). Generally, the results of this study varied depending on the effect of the crude oil levels and heavy metals concentrations.
The Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity, Organic Matter, and Zinc Nano-Fertilizer on the Productivity of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Ali Khaled Obaid , Al-Meekh Mohammad Tarkhan Abo , Abdul-Ammer Hammeed Kadhum 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In accordance with the randomized full block design, In the Al-Mahaweel district, Al-Imam hand, and Al-Birawi region, a field experiment was conducted in a soil with a texture of silty clay loam categorized as the primary typic torrifluvent group (RCBD), Examining the effects of irrigation water quality, organic matter, the amount of zinc nano-fertilizer sprayed on the plant, and the interaction of the research components on sunflower crop production using a split plot experiment with three replications, Three separate factors were used in the experiment: irrigation with four various amounts of organic fertilizer (zero), 20 tons/ha of cow and sheep dung, and three different concentrations of zinc nanofertilizer (0, 1.5, and 3 g). Organic matter significantly improved the yield characteristics of sunflowers, such as disc diameter, number of seeds per disc, weight of 500 seeds, and overall yield, as compared to spraying with nano-Zinc. The three elements’ interplay significantly affected sunflower productivity. On March 5, 2022, the seeds were sown using cork dishes and a midwife-led method. The seeds were luleo varieties from a French breeder. The midwives were transferred to the permanent location after 30 days. The findings showed that increasing the salt content of the irrigation water significantly decreased the values of disc diameter, number of seeds per disc, weight of 500 seeds, and overall yield of sunflower plants.
The Influence of Glomus Mosseae, Palm Frond Compost and Irrigation Duration on the Growth of Millet Plant (Panicum miliaceum L.) and on the Availability of Iron and Zinc in the Soil
Authors: Shubar Karrar Ali Karim , Kamal Jawad Abdul-Kadhm 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To study the effect of inoculation with Gloums Mosseae inoculum, organic residues (palm fronds compost), and irrigation duration on the growth and availability of iron and zinc for millet plant Pamicum Miliaceum L., a field trial was carried out for the summer season 2022 in one of the fields of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate - Sumer district in sandy clay loamy soil. The experiment was implemented following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental treatments were distributed randomly. They were: with and without fungal inoculum (F0 and F1), three levels of organic residue applications C0 = control, C1 = 3 tons of compost application, C2 = 5 tons of compost application, and three irrigation durations R1= Irrigation every 10 days, R2 = irrigation every 15 days, R3 = irrigation every 20 days. The results are summarized as follows: The results present a significant increase in all the studied traits, plant height, shoot dry weight, and iron concentration in the soil during the flowering and full maturity stages, except for the zinc concentration in the soil, which the increase was not significant. The values of these traits were 88.84 cm plant-1, 56.15 gm plant-1, 290.2 mg Fe kg soil-1, and 230.9 mg Fe kg soil-1, respectively, compared to the control treatment (no application + irrigating every twenty days) 50.62 cm plant-1, 23.53 g plant-1, 135.4 mg Fe kg soil-1,120.8 mg Fe kg soil-1.
The Effect of Inoculum with the Glomus mosseae and Palm Frond Detritus on the Yield of Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and the Ratio of Protein to Proline under Varying Irrigation Levels
Authors: Shubbar Karrar Ali Karim , Kamal Jawad Abdul-Kadhm 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of Gloums Mosseae fungus and palm fronds detritus (compost) on the yield of millet crop (panicum miliaceum L.) and the ratio of protein to proline at various irrigation levels. A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields in the Sumer District of the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate during the summer of 2022. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in this experiment with three replications. The treatments were distributed randomly. Two levels of fungal inoculation (F1 = inoculation with Glomus Mosseae, F0 = control), three levels of compost (C1 = application of 3 tons of palm frond compost, C2 = application of 5 tons of palm frond compost, C0 = control) and three irrigation duration (R1 = irrigation every ten days, R2 = irrigation every fifteen days, R3 = irrigation every twenty days). The results present a significant increase in all the studied traits (grain yield, biological yield, grain protein content, leaf proline content) 2.408 t h-1, 17.926, t h-1 16.10%, 13.16%, and 1.617 mmol gm-1, respectively, compared to with the control treatments that resulted in the least values for the studied traits, respectively, 1.123 t h-1 10.099 t h-1, 8.62%, 6.66%, 0.807 mmol gm-1.
The Pedological Variation in some of Soil Characteristics of Alkhaleej and Al-Aali Project in Al-Alam District / Iraq
Authors: Alsalim Amer Ali , Khalaf Ayad Abdullah , Khairo Aws Mamdouh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goal of research to study pedological heterogeneity in soil morphological and physical Characteristics in the Al-Khaleej and Al-Aali Al-Muwahed Project soils in Salahaldin Government. The (6) six soil pedon were chosen and their distribution based on the area of the soil series in study area. The soil morphologically properties were described according to soil survey staff, 2006. The soil physical properties (soil texture, Bulk density, and Compaction) were selected. The results show there is a variation in the morphological, where the thickness of the horizons differed and was the largest in the surface horizon at the peduns P1 and P3, while the color was found that all study sites are located within a page 10YR, which is the dominant wavelength for most Iraqi soils, while the soil texture was clayey and sandy in P1, P2, and P4, and mixed in P3, P5, and P6. The results showed that the soil texture ranged between admixture and admixture clay and sandy, and it was noted that the soil texture classes took the following order: sand > silt > clay, and it was noted that there was a predominance of sand content as it ranged between (417 and 722) g.kg-1 in the C2 horizon for each of P5 and P2 respectively, and a decrease was found in the bulk density in the surface horizons of the soils of the study sites and an increase in the average diameter weighted by the open ground.
Agricultural Waste Liquefied Hydrothermally using Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Hasan Noor Hadi , Hasan Nabeel Ibrahim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to its abundance and sustainability, lignocellulosic biomass is a possible replacement for petroleum oil in the production of energy and chemicals. Numerous thermochemical processes have been used in significant study to turn biomass into products with added value. One of the best methods for creating bio-fuels and bio-based compounds among them is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). However, a number of technological obstacles still need to be removed before HTL technology can be widely used in industry. Hydrothermal liquefaction is now thought to be amongst the most popular effective processes to converting moist biomass for bio crude, but it requires costly renovation procedures to be utilized as biofuel. It is crucial to employ catalysts that may straightforwardly improve the bio crude yield as well as the efficiency of the reaction process; the benefit of raising the operation’s overall production; the impacts of adding heterogeneous catalysts and how they affect the bio-crude yield. In lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction, a typical catalytic activity was discovered, dividing the various catalysts into four separate groups (transition metal, lanthanide oxide, alkaline metal oxide, and zeolite). The purpose study is to objectively evaluate the hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass and know effecting of adding a zeolite catalyst on it, with a focus on increasing the production and efficiency of the biofuel. In addition, it has drawn attention to the natural stimulatory effects associated with zeolite catalysts.
Phenol Biodegradation by some Bacterial Species Isolated from Oil Contaminated Environments
Authors: Sahib Zainab Yahya , Al-Saadi Aamal Ghazi Mahdi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phenols are poisonous chemical molecules that affect human and other mammals as well as the aquatic environment, particularly higher species in fresh water environments. useing microorganisms through bioremediation is an efficient technique for reducing dangerous chemicals and detoxification of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of some local bacterial species to degrade phenol. Bacterial species were isolated from soils contaminated with hydrocarbons from Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Basrah governorates. The remaining concentration of phenol was examined usingthe 4-aminoantipyrine assay. The results showed that the rate of decomposition of Enterobacter cloacae complex was 100% after an incubation period of 120h, pantoea spp was 100% after an incubation period of 120h, Acinetobacter lwoffii was 100% after an incubation period of 144h, Aeromonas salmonicida was 100% after an incubation period 168h, Escherichia hermannii was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Sphingomonas paucimobilis was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Streptococcus thoraltensis was 100% after an incubation period of 168h, Bacillus licheniformis was 97.98%after an incubation period of 168h, Bacillus subtilis was 95.91% after an incubation period of 168h, and Bacillus firmus was 70.91% after an incubation period of 168h. The tested bacterial strains can offer a potential basis for bioremediation of phenol polluted locations.
Isolation and Identification of some Phenol Degrading Bacterial Species from some Contaminated Environments
Authors: Sahib Zainab Yahya , Al-Saadi Aamal Ghazi Mahdi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phenol and its derivatives are toxic substances that harm a variety of living organisms, including plants, animals, and aquatic life. Therefore, in order to save the environment, these substances must be effectively removed. The purpose of this study is to screen and select potent phenol degrading strains from oil contaminated soils as well as testing their capacity to break down phenols. After growing on the phenol-containing mineral salts medium (MM), the chosen strains were identified using biochemical testing by Vitek 2 compact system in addition to morphological identification. After 168 hours of incubation, the chosen strains were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida, Escherichia hermannii, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Sphingomonas paucimobilis,, and Pantoea spp. All of the selected strains were grown efficiently at a concentration of 100mg/ml, so they may be putative species for bioremediation of phenol contaminated environments.
Bioaccessibility and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Particles from a Dust Storm in Iraq
Authors: Jaafar Ban Ibrahim , Kadhum Safaa A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The issue of dust storms in Iraq is one of the issues that has caused Iraq to suffer economic and health losses and requires immediate attention. Nine of Iraq’s most important cities provided the collected samples. Atomic spectrometry was used to analyze dust samples for heavy metals such as lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, copper, and chromium. The analysis was based on the particle size of the dust samples. The SBET was utilized for the goal of determining the scope of the threat posed by all of these elements of the dust storm and the impact they have on the health of humans. The results showed that Basra had the highest value of relative bioaccessibility of zinc (73.87%) in dust particle size (200 μm), whereas Samawah had the lowest value for cadmium (0.90%). Both values were based on the dust particle size. The relative bioaccessibility of cadmium was found to be at its highest in Najaf (85.80%) in dust particle 63 μm, whereas the relative bioaccessibility of lead was found to be at its lowest in Diwaniyah (0.28%). In addition, the findings demonstrated that the relative bioaccessibility of zinc was maximum in Amarah at a particle size of 75 μm (89.56%). The value distributions were sorted where there was high contamination of heavy metals during a dust storm from dark blue to yellow. With Kirkuk city having the highest concentration of Cr in size particle 75, the spatial distribution of Cu was notably distinct from other areas in Baghdad and Basra, where it was highest in particle sizes 63 and 200 μm. This study is important in order to determine the amount of human health damage and to control dust storms in Iraq.
Effect of Bio Char and Amino Acid (Steam) on Growth and Green Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Variety (Karbala)
Authors: Alsultan Ragheed M. Hamza , Al-Shamary Wael Fahmi Abdulrahman , Ibrahim Mariam Adnan , Kahlel Abdelmonnem S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the vegetable field of Horticulture and Landscape Department / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul, during 2021-2022 season to investigate the effect of administration of bio char in three doses (0, 3.5, 7, 10.5 t. Ha-1) and three Concentrations of Amino acid(Steam)(0, 10, 15 ml.L-1)on growth and green yield of onion variety (Karbala) The experiment was designed according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that : Adding the bio char in doses of 7 t. Ha-1 to the soil significantly increased several growth and yield properties(bulbs number, leaves number, bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots, plant yield, and biological yield). Spraying amino acid (Steam) at 15 ml.L-1 doses gave the highest values of plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots per plant, diameter of bulb neck. But highest values of average weight of bulb and biological yield was from spraying amino acid (Steam) at 10 ml.L-1 doses. The combination treatments between bio char and amino acid (Steam) show a significant effect in some vegetative growth and yield parameters of onion.
The Growth Response of Christi Thorn Seedlings to the Dates and Concentrations of (Ticamine Max) and the Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Vevter)
Authors: Abdullah Raghad Najem Adeen , Alalaf Ayad Hani Esmaeel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out during the growing season (2022) in order to demonstrate the importance of application dates (every 15 and 30 days) and foliar spraying with three concentrations of Ticamine Max (0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1) and the addition of three levels of liquid organic fertilizer (Vevter) (0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1). In improving some growth characteristics of Christi thorn seedlings. The study was designed in a factorial experiment using the Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D). With three factors, with three replications, and with four seedlings per experimental unit, thus the number of seedlings used in the experiment is (2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 4 = 216 seedlings). The most important results obtained indicated the significant superiority of the foliar spray at a concentration of 4 ml. L-1 of the amino fertilizer and the addition of liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 4 ml. L-1 in all studied traits (increase in height of seedlings, number of leaves, area of leaf, leaf area of seedlings, and concentration of carbohydrates in leaves), while there were no significant differences for the studied traits between the dates of addition.