bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative methodologies for exploring the future of automated vehicle guidance
Authors: Marchau V. A. W. J. , van der Heijden R. E. C. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn various countries, transport policy makers are increasingly interested in the automation of vehicle driving tasks. Current policy developments regarding Automated Vehicle Guidance (AVG) are complicated by several uncertainties about the development of AVG technologies, whether their implementation will contribute to or conflict with transport policy goals, and the basic societal conditions that are required for AVG implementation. In this article, we present an approach to reduce the uncertainty regarding alternative AVG implementations. In particular, we develop a backcasting approach to limit the scope of policy development and research by eliminating parts of the large variety in possible AVG developments. This approach consists of the following steps: (1) the specification of plausible AVG concepts; (2) the analysis of the conditions for the implementation of these concepts, resulting in a set of promising AVG concepts and (3) the analysis whether stakeholders' decisions and actions related to the implementation of plausible concepts will be fulfilled in time. This approach helps to eliminate non‐plausible, non‐promising and non‐accepted AVG concepts and reduce the scope of policy making to the most viable ones. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolving foresight in a small transition economy
Authors: Havas Attila 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHungary launched its first Technology Foresight Programme (TEP) in 1997. This was a holistic foresight programme, based on panel activities and a large‐scale Delphi survey, with a strong emphasis on socio‐economic needs. The paper discusses why a foresight exercise is relevant to a transition country, then describes what was done (organization, methods and results), and how the process evolved in Hungary. Policy conclusions, methodological lessons and questions for further research are also offered. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA microarrays for comparative genomic hybridization based on DOP‐PCR amplification of BAC and PAC clones
Authors: Fiegler Heike , Carr Philippa , Douglas Eleanor J. , Burford Deborah C. , Hunt Sarah , Smith James , Vetrie David , Gorman Patricia , Tomlinson Ian P.M. , Carter Nigel P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have designed DOP‐PCR primers specifically for the amplification of large insert clones for use in the construction of DNA microarrays. A bioinformatic approach was used to construct primers that were efficient in the general amplification of human DNA but were poor at amplifying E. coli DNA, a common contaminant of DNA preparations from large insert clones. We chose the three most selective primers for use in printing DNA microarrays. DNA combined from the amplification of large insert clones by use of these three primers and spotted onto glass slides showed more than a sixfold increase in the human to E. coli hybridization ratio when compared to the standard DOP‐PCR primer, 6MW. The microarrays reproducibly delineated previously characterized gains and deletions in a cancer cell line and identified a small gain not detected by use of conventional CGH. We also describe a method for the bulk testing of the hybridization characteristics of chromosome‐specific clones spotted on microarrays by use of DNA amplified from flow‐sorted chromosomes. Finally, we describe a set of clones selected from the publicly available Golden Path of the human genome at 1‐Mb intervals and a view in the Ensembl genome browser from which data required for the use of these clones in array CGH and other experiments can be downloaded across the Internet. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic deletions on other chromosomes involved in variant t(9;22) chronic myeloid leukemia cases
Authors: Albano Francesco , Specchia Giorgina , Anelli Luisa , Zagaria Antonella , Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana , Buquicchio Caterina , Roberti Maria Grazia , Liso Vincenzo , Rocchi Mariano 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is the cytogenetic hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and is observed in more than 90% of CML cases. At diagnosis, in 5–10% of CML patients the Ph chromosome is derived from variant translocations other than the standard t(9;22). Deletions adjacent to the translocation junction on the derivative chromosome 9 were recently described by different groups. The deletions may identify a subgroup with a worse prognosis. The presence of similar deletions on the third derivative other than the 9 and 22 chromosomes in CML with variant translocation has never been investigated. We studied three cases of CML variants showing relatively large deletions on the third chromosome involved in the translocation. Known tumor‐suppressor genes (TSGs) or genes involved in signal transduction and in the modulation of cell proliferation were found to be located inside these deleted regions. As an alternative to Knudson's two‐hit model, the “haplo‐insufficiency” hypothesis suggests that the deletion of a single allele of a TSG can play an important role in tumor progression. Our findings suggest that great attention should be paid to the molecular cytogenetic characterization of variant t(9;22) CML patients to unveil fully the biological heterogeneity of CML. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localized ductile thrusting north of the Variscan Front, Ross Island, southwest Ireland
Authors: Nex Paul A. M. , Kinnaird Judith A. , Ixer Robert A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo thrusts occur on Ross Island: the Head of Ross Thrust and the more southerly Ross Island Thrust. These lie to the north of the Killarney–Mallow Fault (KMF), the boundary frequently interpreted as the Variscan Front. The Ross Island Thrust, exposed in outcrop and in seven borehole cores, has emplaced dark blue–grey limestones of the Courceyan Ballysteen Formation over pale grey–brown Rockfield Limestone Formation of Chadian–Holkerian age. These lithologies at Ross Island exhibit a continuum of deformation at both the micro‐ and macro‐scale, beginning with the generation of a spaced cleavage, formed during layer parallel shortening, that was subsequently rotated into parallelism with fold axial planes. Extensional microstructures are predominant in thin section and are associated with attenuation of the fold limb. Calcite veins are also attenuated and lie parallel to a mylonitic fabric close to the thrust plane. Lithological boundaries, the prominent pressure solution cleavage and the southerly dipping limb of an asymmetrical antiform are all parallel and form a composite planar anisotropy. This has controlled the location of the ductile Ross Island Thrust, which formed during the attenuation and shearing of a common fold limb. Ductile thrusts within the limestones at Ross Island contrast with the reactivation of basin‐margin extensional faults further to the south along the major KMF. The Ross Island Thrust is considered to result from deformation ahead of the major northerly propagating Variscan décollement thrust and does not necessitate a continuous décollement structure north of the KMF. Mineralization at Ross Island exhibits remobilization associated with the formation of a pressure‐solution cleavage and probably pre‐dates thrusting. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deformation history of the ophiolite sequence from the Balagne Nappe, northern Corsica: insights in the tectonic evolution of Alpine Corsica
Authors: Marroni M. , Pandolfi L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn Alpine Corsica, the Jurassic ophiolites represent remnants of oceanic lithosphere belonging to the Ligure‐Piemontese Basin located between the Europe/Corsica and Adria continental margins. In the Balagne area, a Jurassic ophiolitic sequence topped by a Late Jurassic–Late Cretaceous sedimentary cover crops out at the top of the nappe pile. The whole ophiolitic succession is affected by polyphase deformation developed under very low‐grade orogenic metamorphic conditions. The original palaeogeographic location and the emplacement mechanisms for the Balagne ophiolites are still a matter of debate and different interpretations for its history have been proposed. The deformation features of the Balagne ophiolites are outlined in order to provide constraints on their history in the framework of the geodynamic evolution of Alpine Corsica. The deformation history reconstructed for the Balagne Nappe includes five different deformation phases, from D1 to D5. The D1 phase was connected with the latest Cretaceous/Palaeocene accretion into the accretionary wedge related to an east‐dipping subduction zone followed by a Late Eocene D2 phase related to emplacement onto the Europe/Corsica continental margin. The subsequent D3 phase was characterized by sinistral strike‐slip faults and related deformations of Late Eocene–Early Oligocene age. The D4 and D5 phases were developed during the Early Oligocene–Late Miocene extensional processes connected with the collapse of the Alpine belt. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional somatotopy of finger representations in human primary motor cortex
Authors: Dechent Peter , Frahm Jens 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo assess the degree of fine‐scale somatotopy within the hand area of the human primary motor cortex (M1), functional mapping of individual movements of all fingers was performed in healthy young subjects (n = 7) using MRI at 0.8 × 0.8 mm2 resolution and 4 mm section thickness. The experimental design comprised both a direct paradigm contrasting single digit movements vs. motor rest and multiple differential paradigms contrasting single digit movements vs. the movement of another digit. Direct mapping resulted in largely overlapping activations. A somatotopic arrangement was only recognizable when considering the mean center‐of‐mass coordinates of individual digit representations averaged across subjects. In contrast, differential paradigms revealed more segregated and somatotopically ordered activations in single subjects. The use of center‐of‐mass coordinates yielded inter‐digit distances ranging from 2.0 to 16.8 mm, which reached statistical significance for pairs of more distant digits. For the middle fingers, the functional somatotopy obtained by differential mapping was dependent on the choice of the digit used for control. These results confirm previous concepts that finger somatotopy in the human M1 hand area emerges as a functional predominance of individual digit representations sharing common areas in a distributed though ordered network. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:272–283, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Independent component model for cognitive functions of multiple subjects using [15O]H2O PET images
Authors: Park Hae‐Jeong , Kim Jae‐Jin , Youn Tak , Lee Dong Soo , Lee Myung Chul , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn independent component model of multiple subjects' positron emission tomography (PET) images is proposed to explore the overall functional components involved in a task and to explain subject specific variations of metabolic activities under altered experimental conditions utilizing the Independent component analysis (ICA) concept. As PET images represent time‐compressed activities of several cognitive components, we derived a mathematical model to decompose functional components from cross‐sectional images based on two fundamental hypotheses: (1) all subjects share basic functional components that are common to subjects and spatially independent of each other in relation to the given experimental task, and (2) all subjects share common functional components throughout tasks which are also spatially independent. The variations of hemodynamic activities according to subjects or tasks can be explained by the variations in the usage weight of the functional components. We investigated the plausibility of the model using serial cognitive experiments of simple object perception, object recognition, two‐back working memory, and divided attention of a syntactic process. We found that the independent component model satisfactorily explained the functional components involved in the task and discuss here the application of ICA in multiple subjects' PET images to explore the functional association of brain activations. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:284–295, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preserved performance in a hippocampal‐dependent spatial task despite complete place cell remapping
Authors: Jeffery Kathryn J. , Gilbert Alexandra , Burton Stephen , Strudwick Anna 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe spatially localized firing of hippocampal place cells is thought to underlie the navigational function of the hippocampus. Performance on a spatial task learned using a particular place cell map should therefore deteriorate if the map is disrupted. To test this prediction, we trained rats on a hippocampal‐dependent spatial task in a black box and tested them in a white box. Although the change from black to white induced remapping of most place cells, navigational performance remained essentially intact. Furthermore, place cell activity was also unrelated to specific aspects of the task such as tone onset, response, or goal location. Together, these results imply that the spatial information needed to solve this navigation task is represented outside the hippocampus and suggest that the place cells encode some other aspect, such as the spatial context. Hippocampus 2003;13:175–189. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal lesions and discrimination performance of mice in the radial maze: Sparing or impairment depending on the representational demands of the task
Authors: Etchamendy Nicole , Desmedt Aline , Cortes‐Torrea Cedric , Marighetto Aline , Jaffard Robert 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of ibotenate hippocampal lesions on discrimination performance in an eight‐arm radial maze were investigated in mice, using a three‐stage paradigm in which the only parameter that varied among stages was the way the arms were presented. In the initial learning phase (stage 1), animals learned the valence or reward contingency associated with six (three positive and three negative) adjacent arms of the maze using a successive (go/no‐go) discrimination procedure. In the first test phase (stage 2), the six arms were grouped into three pairs, so that on each trial, the subject was faced with a choice between two adjacent arms of opposite valence (concurrent two‐choice discrimination). In the second test phase (stage 3), the subject was faced with all six arms simultaneously (six‐choice discrimination). Hippocampal‐lesioned mice acquired the initial learning phase at a near‐normal rate but behaved as if they had learned nothing when challenged with the two‐choice discriminations at stage 2. In contrast, they behaved normally when confronted with the six‐choice discrimination at stage 3. Detailed examination of within‐ and between‐stage performance suggests that hippocampal‐lesioned mice perform as intact mice when presentation of the discriminanda encourages the storage and use of separate representations (i.e., in initial learning and six‐choice discrimination testing), but that they fail in test situations that involve explicit comparisons between such separate representations (two‐choice discriminations), hence requiring the use of relational representations. Hippocampus 2003;13:197–211. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal spacing of synaptic stimulation critically modulates the dependence of LTP on cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase
Authors: Woo Newton H. , Duffy Steven N. , Abel Ted , Nguyen Peter V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGenetic and electrophysiological experiments have defined an important role for cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) in certain forms of long‐term potentiation (LTP). However, the characteristics of stimulation that are critical for regulating the PKA‐dependence of LTP have not been clearly defined. In the present study, we have used PKA mutant mice (R(AB) transgenic mice), which have reduced PKA activity in neurons within the hippocampus, to explore the role of temporal spacing of synaptic stimulation in regulating the PKA‐dependence of LTP. The time interval between successive bursts of electrical stimulation was varied while keeping constant the total number of stimulus pulses. LTP induced by temporally spaced tetraburst synaptic stimulation was impaired in the Schaeffer collateral pathway of hippocampal slices from R(AB) mutant mice. In contrast, LTP induced by temporally compressed tetraburst stimulation was normal in slices from R(AB) mutants, and its long‐term maintenance was not significantly affected by bath application of KT‐5720, an inhibitor of catalytic subunits of PKA. In slices from wildtype mice, LTP induced by spaced tetraburst stimulation was significantly attenuated by KT‐5720. These genetic and pharmacological experiments show that LTP induced by these compressed patterns of stimulation does not require PKA activation. Thus, altering the temporal spacing of synaptic stimulation per se critically modulates the PKA‐dependence of hippocampal LTP. PKA‐dependent LTP is selectively recruited by temporally spaced, multiburst synaptic stimulation. Hippocampus 2003;13:293–300. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Odor Evaluation of Stereoisomers of Imine Derivatives in Roasted Spotted Shrimp
Authors: Tachihara Toru , Ishizaki Susumu , Kurobayashi Yoshiko , Tamura Hiroshi , Ikemoto Youichi , Onuma Atsushi , Yoshikawa Keisuke , Yanai Tetsuya , Kitahara Takeshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAll possible stereoisomers of imine derivatives 1–4, which have the characteristic roast odor of seafood, were synthesized. As a result of odor evaluation of all isomers, we found that each isomer has a different and characteristic odor of roasted seafood.
Isolation and Structural Characterization of New, Highly Functionalized Diterpenes from Euphorbia serrulata
Authors: Rédei Dóra , Hohmann Judit , Evanics Ferenc , Forgo Peter , Szabó Pál , Máthé Imre 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive new diterpene polyesters, 1–5, with jatrophane skeletons were isolated from the fresh whole plants of Euphorbia serrulata. The structure elucidation was performed by means of UV/VIS spectroscopy, HR‐ESI‐MS, and advanced two‐dimensional NMR methods, including 1H‐NMR, JMOD, 1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. The relative configurations of 1–5 and their conformations in solution were analyzed on the basis of NOESY measurements. As a result of detailed NMR studies, complete 1H and 13C chemical‐shift assignments of the compounds were possible. The isolated compounds differ stereochemically and do not comprise a uniform series regarding the configurations at C(2), C(6), and C(13). Compound 5 possesses the new structural feature of a double bond with (Z)‐configuration in the macrocyclic ring of the jatrophane skeleton, while compound 2 has a CC bond in the five‐membered ring, this being the first observation of this structural feature in the type of macrocyclic Euphorbiaceae diterpenes.
Sequential Rearrangement Reactions of Benzhomonorbornadiene Derivatives: Synthesis of 7‐Vinylbenzonorbornadiene
Authors: Menzek Abdullah , Gökmen Melek 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe reaction of alcohol 12 with SOCl2 gave chlorides 13 and 14, and the acetolysis of toluene‐4‐sulfonate 15 gave sequential rearrangement products 16, 17, and 18. In the reaction of 12, 13 is the major product of sequential rearrangements. Treatment of chloride 13 with t‐BuOK gave 7‐vinylbenzonorbornadiene 19.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (3R)‐3,4‐Dihydro‐6,8‐dimethoxy‐3‐undecyl‐ 1H‐[2]benzopyran‐1‐one and Derivatives, Metabolites from Ononis natrix
Authors: Saeed Aamer 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA short stereoselective synthesis of (3R)‐3,4‐dihydro‐6,8‐dimethoxy‐3‐undecyl‐1H‐[2]benzopyran‐1‐one and derivatives isolated from Ononis natrix has been described. Condensation of dodecanoyl chloride with 3,5‐dimethoxyhomophthalic acid afforded 6,8‐dimethoxy‐3‐undecylisocoumarin 3, which, on sequential saponification and esterification, yielded the keto ester 5. Enantioselective reduction of 5 with TarB‐NO2/LiBH4 directly furnished the title dihydroisocoumarin 1a in 80% ee (82% yield). Partial as well as complete demethylation of the latter provided the dihydroisocoumarins 1b and 1c, respectively. Diastereotopy of the CH2 H‐atoms on either side of the stereogenic center (C(3)) and the mass‐fragmentation pattern of the dihydroisocoumarins have also been described. All of the compounds synthesized were examined in vitro for antifungal activity.
Novel Polyoxygenated Spirostanol Glycosides from the Rhizomes of Helleborus orientalis
Authors: Mimaki Yoshihiro , Watanabe Kazuki , Sakuma Chiseko , Sakagami Hiroshi , Sashida Yutaka 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe two new polyoxygenated spirostanol bisdesmosides 1 and 2 and the new trisdesmoside 3, named hellebosaponin A (1), B (2), and C (3), respectively, were isolated from the MeOH extract of the rhizomes of Helleborus orientalis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as (1β,3β,23S,24S)‐21‐(acetyloxy)‐24‐[(β‐D‐fucopyranosyl)oxy]‐3,23‐dihydroxyspirosta‐5,25(27)‐dien‐1‐yl O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐(4‐O‐acetyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐(1→2)‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (1), (1β,3β,23S,24S)‐ 21‐(acetyloxy)‐24‐{[O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl]oxy}‐3,23‐dihydroxyspirosta‐5,25(27)‐dien‐1‐yl O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐(4‐O‐acetyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐(1→2)‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐ α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (2), and (1β,3β,23S,24S)‐24‐[(β‐D‐fucopyranosyl)oxy]‐21‐{[O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl]oxy}‐3,23‐dihydroxyspirosta‐5,25(27)‐dien‐1‐yl O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐(4‐O‐acetyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐(1→2)‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (3), respectively, on the basis of detailed spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence.
Henrycinols A and B, Two Novel Indole Alkaloids Isolated from Melodinus henryiCraib
Authors: Zhang Yan Wen , Yang Rui , Cheng Qian , Ofuji Katsuya 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHenrycinols A (1) and B (2), two novel indole alkaloids, together with three known compounds, (+)‐Δ14‐vincamine (3), (+)‐16‐epi‐Δ14‐vincamine (4), and (+)‐isoeburnamine (5), were isolated from the roots of Melodinus henryi Craib. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic analysis. The relative configuration of henrycinols A and B was determined by NOESY analysis.
Three Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Antioxidant Compounds from Salsola foetida
Authors: Khan Khalid Mohammed , Maharvi Ghulam Murtaza , Abbaskhan Ahmed , Hayat Safdar , Khan Mahmud Tareq Hassan , Makhmoor Talat , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Shaheen Farzana , Atta‐ur‐Rahman  
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhytochemical investigation on the whole plant of Salsola foetida resulted in the isolation of three new phenolic compounds 1, 2, and 3, which exhibit tyrosinase inhibition with moderate antioxidant activity. Compounds 1–3 inhibited tyrosinase with IC50 2.61, 1.85, and 0.40 μM, while exhibiting DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 383, 427 and 378 μM, respectively. The structures of 1, 2, and 3 were determined by modern spectroscopic techniques.
Synthesis and Properties of O‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐(1″→2′)‐guanosine‐5″‐ O‐phosphate and Its Derivatives
Authors: Efimtseva Ekaterina V. , Shelkunova Alexandra A. , Mikhailov Sergey N. , Nauwelaerts Koen , Rozenski Jef , Lescrinier Eveline , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of O‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐(1″→2′)‐guanosine‐5″‐O‐phosphate and O‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐(1″→2′)‐adenosine‐5″‐O‐phosphate, minor tRNA components, have been developed, and their conformational properties were examined by NMR spectroscopy.