bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Matters: A Short-Term Longitudinal Analysis of Conservation Agriculture and Its Impact on Soil Health
Authors: Du Preez G. C. , Marcelo-Silva J. , Azizah N. , Claassens S. , Fourie D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConservation agriculture is seen as a potential solution to modern farming challenges. This paper elucidates its immediate impact by investigating the short-term dynamics of soil health, including the biological constituents, following the implementation of conservation agriculture. We hypothesised that implementing conservation agriculture would lead to changes in soil health. However, these changes will vary across the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, given that each of these components is likely differently influenced by conservation agriculture. The study site was a multi-year trial in Ottosdal (South Africa) with different crop production systems, including maize monoculture, conservation agriculture (rotation of maize, sunflower, and cover crops), and an uncultivated grassland, which served as a natural reference system. Appropriate statistical methods were used to analyse soil health parameters and their interactions from samples collected during the three consecutive summer growing seasons. The study revealed significant soil health dynamics between the cultivated and uncultivated systems. Total available P, organic matter content, and microbial biomass were key indicators of soil health over the 3 years. Crop sequence influenced these dynamics, while a shift from abiotic to biotic factors was observed as primary system differentiators. Notably, crop rotation and soil structure significantly influenced soil microbial communities. These findings provide valuable insights into the interactions between soils and biota and the resulting effects on soil health dynamics. However, further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms involved and optimise sustainable farming practices for diverse environmental contexts.
Determinants of Intra-major Specialization and Career Decisions Among Undergraduate Biomedical Engineering Students
Authors: Miller Isabel , Lopez-Alvarez Grisel , Cardador M. Teresa , Jensen Karin J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiomedical engineering is a broad and interdisciplinary field that prepares graduates for a variety of careers across multiple career sectors. Given this breadth, undergraduate degree programs often have formal or informal opportunities for students to further specialize within the biomedical engineering major to develop skills in subdisciplines of biomedical engineering. While previous work has explored factors that influence student decision-making of engineering major choice, including the role of gender, limited work has explored factors that influence intra-major specialization in biomedical engineering. The present study sought to expand on existing research to understand factors that influence biomedical engineering students’ choice of intra-major specializations and how, if at all, these factors are related to gender. Grounded in social cognitive career theory, the present study leveraged quantitative surveys from undergraduate biomedical engineering students to understand factors influencing intra-major specialization choice, including the impact that students viewed on their career plans. Participants rated multiple factors as important in their intra-major specialization decisions, with professors/classes rated as the most important influence and alumni as the lowest. Similarly, participants rated multiple outcome expectations of their specialization, although income was rated lower than other factors. Participants most commonly indicated interest in pursuing careers in industry and medicine. We found some differences in intra-major specialization, outcome expectations, and career interests by gender, with women students indicating a higher influence of professors/classes and higher expectations for their track decision to provide a career with a good income. Further understanding of how undergraduate students select specializations in engineering coursework will inform curriculum design and student advising.
Evaluating governance in a clinical and translational research organization
Authors: Philibert Ingrid , Fletcher Amanda , Poppert Cordts Katrina M. , Rizzo Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Institutional Development Awards for Clinical and Translational Research (IDeA-CTR) networks, funded by NIH/NIGMS, aim to advance CTR infrastructure to address historically unmet state and regional health needs. Success depends on the response to actionable feedback to IDeA-CTR leadership from network partners and governance groups through annual surveys, interviews, and governance body recommendations. The Great Plains IDeA-CTR applied internal formative meta-evaluation to evaluate dispositions of 172 governance recommendations from 2017 to 2021. Results provided insights to improve the classification and quality of recommendations, credibility of evaluation processes, responsiveness to recommendations, and communications and governance in a complex CTR network comprising multiple coalitions.
The influence of entrepreneurs’ multi-country resources and mobility on transnational entrepreneurship survivability
Authors: Abd Hamid Hamizah , Bouhalleb Arafet 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study examines the role of entrepreneurs’ multi-country resources and mobility in achieving transnational entrepreneurship survivability. Outlined by the Forms of Capital model through the context of transnational entrepreneurship, this research provides a layer of understanding on the individual-opportunity-venture nexus in entrepreneurship through to exploring the way individual resources contribute towards venture survivability in a dynamic environment. The findings indicate that there are four core configurations associated with long-term entrepreneurial survivability, with geographical mobility is present as the necessary condition in achieving the outcome of interest. Theory-wise, this study speaks to the discourse of individual-opportunity-venture nexus through the configurations revealed from the findings. Practice-wise, the configurations will be useful for transnational entrepreneurs and policymakers interested in developing policies to encourage transnational venture sustainability.
Estimating the Ideology of Political YouTube Videos
Authors: Lai Angela , Brown Megan A. , Bisbee James , Tucker Joshua A. , Nagler Jonathan , Bonneau Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present a method for estimating the ideology of political YouTube videos. The subfield of estimating ideology as a latent variable has often focused on traditional actors such as legislators, while more recent work has used social media data to estimate the ideology of ordinary users, political elites, and media sources. We build on this work to estimate the ideology of a political YouTube video. First, we start with a matrix of political Reddit posts linking to YouTube videos and apply correspondence analysis to place those videos in an ideological space. Second, we train a language model with those estimated ideologies as training labels, enabling us to estimate the ideologies of videos not posted on Reddit. These predicted ideologies are then validated against human labels. We demonstrate the utility of this method by applying it to the watch histories of survey respondents to evaluate the prevalence of echo chambers on YouTube in addition to the association between video ideology and viewer engagement. Our approach gives video-level scores based only on supplied text metadata, is scalable, and can be easily adjusted to account for changes in the ideological landscape.
Quantitative analysis of lateral root development with time-lapse imaging and deep neural network
Authors: Uemura Yuta , Tsukagoshi Hironaka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
During lateral root (LR) development, morphological alteration of the developing single LR primordium occurs continuously. Precise observation of this continuous alteration is important for understanding the mechanism involved in single LR development. Recently, we reported that very long-chain fatty acids are important signalling molecules that regulate LR development. In the study, we developed an efficient method to quantify the transition of single LR developmental stages using time-lapse imaging followed by a deep neural network (DNN) analysis. In this ‘insight’ paper, we discuss our DNN method and the importance of time-lapse imaging in studies on plant development. Integrating DNN analysis and imaging is a powerful technique for the quantification of the timing of the transition of organ morphology; it can become an important method to elucidate spatiotemporal molecular mechanisms in plant development.
Post-mortem examination on a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) reveals a potential fatal interaction with bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Italian waters
Authors: Ascheri Davide , Fontanesi Elena , Marsili Letizia , Berio Enrica , Garibaldi Fulvio , Goria Maria , Serracca Laura , Dondo Alessandro , di Francesco Cristina Esmeralda , Varello Katia , Casalone Cristina , Giorda Federica , Grattarola Carla 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite attacks of bottlenose dolphins towards conspecifics and other species of dolphins being reported worldwide, inside the Mediterranean Sea these behaviours are still considered sporadic and have been, to date, only recorded in Spain and France, mostly directed to striped dolphins. In this work, we reported the necropsy outcomes of a dead striped dolphin that suggest a fatal interaction with bottlenose dolphins inside the Italian side of the Pelagos Sanctuary, Western Ligurian Sea. Results from the post-mortem examination showed multiple, multifocal external rake marks spaced 1–1.2 cm and several internal injuries, consisting of subcutaneous and muscular haematomas and haemorrhages, multiple vertebral and rib fractures, haemothorax and lung laceration. The inter-tooth distance and all the internal findings were consistent with a fatal traumatic interaction with bottlenose dolphins as reported in similar cases in other parts of the world where the same results were found. No other significant gross and microscopic findings and concurrent significant pathogens were detected. This case highlights the existence of negative interspecific interactions in an area where they have never been reported before and adds new important information to the literature for understanding their occurrence, expanding the geographical range of observation in the western Mediterranean Sea.
Creating Earthquakes
Authors: Barba Eugenio 
Published: February 2024

Eugenio Barba has honoured NTQ by entrusting to its pages his very personal introduction to his most recent book, Le Mie vite nel terzo teatro: Diffrenza, mestiere, rivolta (My Lives in the Third Theatre: Difference, Craft, Revolt), which has here been specially translated into English by Judy Barba, the co-dedicatee, along with Julia Varley and Vera Gaeta, of his book: the ‘origins and accomplices of my journey to the archipelago of floating islands’. NTQ received this translation, here prepared by the journal’s editor, Maria Shevtsova, ahead of the book’s launch on 5 October 2023 at the Biblioteca Bernardini in Lecce in Puglia. On a grander scale, a few days later, the occasion also saw the opening in Barba’s honour of his and the Odin Teatret archives under the banner of LAFLIS (Living Archive Floating Islands), located in a wing of the three-dimensional immersive museum of the Bernardini. LAFLIS’s rich collection includes written material, film and video documentaries, recordings of performances, and such artefacts and equipment as instruments, masks, and costumes gathered during Third Theatre work. The latter is neither established-classical nor avant-garde theatre but ‘other’ – small-group, sometimes unofficial, and often self-taught theatre. LAFLIS is not exclusively intended for researchers and scholars, but is open as well to interested members of the general public. Barba’s introduction to My Lives in the Third Theatre is here published in full, clearly signposting, together with the author’s succinct commentary, the itinerary of his life’s multifarious work, which involved, and still involves, a wide range of participants and collaborators in different times, places, and languages, and in differing forms and patterns of creativity.Barba’s account begins with his departure from Italy to Norway (1954), and his apprenticeship as a welder, and then a mariner, before tracing his move to study in Poland (1961), where he meets and works with Grotowski, his return to Oslo, where he founds Odin Teatret (1964), and then his emigration to Denmark (1966), where Odin Teatret establishes its niche within the larger framework that Barba named the Nordisk Teaterlaboratorium. Barba’s journey continued, encompassing numerous theatre endeavours, including the development of the idea of a Third Theatre (the ‘floating islands’ alluded to above); the seminal ISTA (International School of Theatre Anthropology, 1979); and, although quite clearly not at journey’s end, the Fondazione Barba Varley established in 2020.
Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık Earthquake 2023: Characteristics of Patients Presented to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital Far from the Region and Infection Characteristics in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Çakın Özlem , Yüce Aktepe Melike , Acar Samet , İbze Süleyman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study is to determine the demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of the patients who applied to the emergency department (ED) of Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Hospital (Antalya, Türkiye) after the Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık earthquake dated February 6, 2023, as earthquake victims were included in the study. The results of the study could be a guide in terms of emergency health services and the healthy management of disasters.Methods:The study included patients over the age of 18 who presented as earthquake victims to the ED of Akdeniz University Medical Faculty Hospital from February 6, 2023 through March 8, 2023. The demographic data of the patients, including age, gender, earthquake zone, time and manner of arrival to the ED, time under debris, length-of-stay (LOS) in the service and intensive care unit (ICU), infection rates, culture results, and mortality, were retrospectively analyzed using the hospital automation system.Results:A total of 1,833 earthquake victims presented to the ED. Of these patients, 1,294 were adults and 539 were children. Services and the ICU admitted a total of 137 adult patients. In the first week, 414 (31.99%) of the patients presented to the ED, while 82 (59.85%) of the hospitalized patients were admitted.Hatay ranked first with 573 (44.28%) patients in the distribution of patients presented to the ED according to earthquake regions. In the distribution of hospitalized patients by earthquake regions, the patients requiring the most hospitalization were from the province of Hatay, with 68 (49.63%) patients.During hospital observations, the medical staff took 132 culture samples based on the positive clinic of the patient. The microorganisms detected in the culture studies were different from the flora of the hospital. The mortality at seven days was two (1.45%), and at the end of 30 days, the mortality was six (4.37%).Conclusions:The ED evaluated all affected cases, with most patients being brought by their relatives using their own means, and had low mortality rates despite presenting with fewer injuries. New environmental conditions that developed after the earthquake caused unexpected results, especially in terms of community-acquired agents.
The Curious Stellar System M22
Authors: McKenzie Madeleine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the context of hierarchical galaxy assembly, globular clusters and dwarf galaxies are indispensable probes of the formation of our Milky Way. M22 is a stellar system with chemical abundances reminiscent of an accreted dwarf galaxy such as ω Centauri but disc-like kinematics suggesting a Milky Way origin. Curiously, M22 contains a population of stars enhanced in slow neutron-capture (s-)process elements due to pollution from low-mass AGB stars. Recently, the original in-situ population stars of the Milky Way disc has been revealed to be enhanced in s-process elements. This provides a tantalizing link between the in-situ Milky Way population and the formation of M22. This talk discussed how recent high-precision chemical abundance measurements suggest that M22 may be coeval with this in-situ component, and what the formation mechanisms of this s-process population can tell us about the chemical evolution of our Galaxy before the establishment of the disc.
Connection Between the Comet 1P/Halley Appearance in 760 AD and the Dinoyo Inscription (Preliminary Result)
Authors: Imandiharja Ide Nada , Arifyanto Mochamad Ikbal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccording to many historical records, 1P/Halley comet was reported to appear in 760 AD. In the same year in Indonesia, the Dinoyo inscription told us the story of the Kanjuruhan kingdom which held a Vedic ceremony to purify a new shrine and statue of Agastya to repel enemy forces (or dispel the epidemic). Many traditions believe that the appearance of a comet is a sign of war, plague/epidemic, death, etc. By applying this understanding to the archaeoastronomical framework, the hypothesis is proposed, that the king’s order which was written on the inscription shows the response to the 1P/Halley comet appearance in 760 AD. There are three ways to examine the hypothesis: by testing the chronological, geographical, and cultural aspects. Through some literature studies and the Stellarium Astronomy Software simulation, the initial research found that the chronological and geographical aspects support the hypothesis.
Metal production in the early Universe: what chemical abundances in old stellar populations in the Milky Way tell us
Authors: Ishigaki Miho N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOld stellar populations in our Galaxy provide fossil records of the metal enrichment in the first few billion years of the cosmic history. Growing elemental abundance data of individual stars combined with stellar ages and kinematics allow us to make constraints on characteristic properties of the metal-enrichment sources in the early Universe, such as the first stars. In order to interpret observed chemical abundances in the oldest stellar populations in terms of metal-enrichment sources, stellar and supernova yield models are crucial. In this article, we review how we can interpret observed chemical abundances in old stars in terms of the nature of metal enrichment sources. We discuss the limitations and the prospects of empirically constraining supernova yield models based on a large sample of extremely metal-poor stars. At the same time, we emphasize the importance of hunting old stars beyond the Solar neighborhood, which can be achieved with the next-generation multi-object spectrographs at large telescopes.
Revelation of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z>3 from Deep JWST Spectroscopy
Authors: Glazebrook Karl , Nanayakkara Themiya , Marchesini Danilo , Kacprzak Glenn , Jacobs Colin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present the first results from JWST/NIRSPEC spectroscopy of massive quiescent galaxy candidates at 3<z<4 to complete the spectroscopic survey of Schreiber et al. 2018. In the first six objects targeted (all of which were too faint to secure spectroscopic identifications from the ground) they all are confirmed as yet more massive quiescent galaxies at 3<z<4. The JWST spectra are high signal-to-noise and unambiguous. Most of them have ages of a few hundred Myr from stellar population fits to the spectra and about 1/3 show sign of AGN emission lines. One extraordinary object of stellar mass 1.6×1011 M⊙ shows a red spectrum with evidence of a 4000Å break and an age of ≳ 1Gyr at z=3.2 and forming at z>6.
Formation of the First Massive Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations and Their Observational Properties
Authors: Yajima Hidenobu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study the formation of the first massive galaxies and their observational properties for comparisons with JWST or ALMA data by performing cosmological radiative-hydrodynamics simulations. We find that galaxies in overdense regions have high star formation rates larger than ∼10 M⊙ yr-1 at z=10 and their stellar masses reach 109 M⊙. The star formation rates of our model galaxies at z≲12 nicely match recent JWST data. In addition, we show that the morphology of galaxies drastically changes with time via major mergers and stellar feedback.
Towards a practice framework for transdisciplinary collaboration in planetary health
Authors: Wardani Jane , Bos Joannette J. (Annette) , Ramirez-Lovering Diego , Capon Anthony G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Non-Technical Summary
Despite growing recognition of the importance of transdisciplinary research in addressing complex sustainability challenges, in practice it has been much hampered by persistent inequities, power disparities, and epistemological disconnect. Planetary health as an emerging field offers a unique lens highlighting the need for knowledge integration across the environment, health, and development (EHD) nexus. Drawing upon extensive analyses, including a meta-analysis of existing transdisciplinary frameworks, a literature review of practices in these fields, and a case study of a planetary health action research project in Indonesia and Fiji, we propose a framework to guide the design and implementation of transdisciplinary research.

Technical Summary
The proposed framework was iteratively designed, starting with existing frameworks, complemented by findings and practice recommendations from a literature review of 36 publications of recent transdisciplinary practices in the EHD fields and an in-depth case study of a planetary health research from Indonesian perspectives. The practice framework focuses on the stakeholder collaboration process, and emphasizes reflexivity and co-learning throughout all research phases: initiation (co-design); implementation (adaptive co-management), and monitoring and refinement (co-monitoring). Foundational considerations for stakeholder engagement could inform process design by reflecting on stakeholder contributions, interactions, integration, and expected outcomes. As suggested by development studies, and implicitly agreed upon but insufficiently elaborated within environment and health, attention to the local context of the research, mapping of power dynamics, and the values of equity and inclusivity are pertinent if research is to produce credible, relevant, and legitimate knowledge and outcomes. A renewed focus on addressing power equities can help ensure stakeholders' perspectives and interests are equally valued and potential solutions are not inadvertently excluded as a legacy of systemic power imbalance. The practice framework is most effectively applied in the initial process co-design, by process initiators and funders assessing proposals for international transdisciplinary research in power-diverse settings or resource-poor contexts.

Social Media Summary
How can researchers across diverse fields collaborate with renewed focus on power inequities to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals?