bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pharmacological effects of Berberine and its therapeutic potential in different diseases: Role of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Khezri Mohammad Rafi , Mohammadipanah Somayeh , Ghasemnejad‐Berenji Morteza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway plays a central role in cell growth and survival and is disturbed in various pathologies. The PI3K is a kinase that generates phosphatidylinositol‐3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PI (3–5) P3), as a second messenger responsible for the translocation of AKT to the plasma membrane and its activation. However, due to the crucial role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in regulation of cell survival processes, it has been introduced as a main therapeutic target for natural compounds during the progression of different pathologies. Berberine, a plant‐derived isoquinone alkaloid, is known because of its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. The effect of this natural compound on cell survival processes has been shown to be mediated by modulation of the intracellular pathways. However, the effects of this natural compound on the PI3K/AKT pathway in various pathologies have not been reviewed so far. Therefore, this paper aims to review the PI3K/AKT‐mediated effects of Berberine in different types of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and central nervous system diseases.
Plug‐and‐Play Fiber‐Coupled Quantum Dot Single‐Photon Source via Photonic Wire Bonding
Authors: De Gregorio Marco , Yu Shangxuan , Witt Donald , Lin Becky , Mitchell Matthew , Dusanowski Łukasz , Schneider Christian , Chrostowski Lukas , Huber‐Loyola Tobias , Höfling Sven , Young Jeff F. , Pfenning Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe collection of single‐photon emission from a quantum dot (QD) in a Bragg waveguide through a photonic wire bond (PWB) via free‐space resonant frequency pumping at 1.6 K is demonstrated. The in‐fiber single photons show a small multiphoton contribution, quantified by a low second order photon autocorrelation value of (background‐corrected) or (raw data). The decay time of the QD is measured to be ps. The PWB obviates the need for in‐cryostat alignment of the single‐photon source with an optical fiber and thus offers a route to scalable integration of quantum photonic devices in a cryogenic environment. Uniquely, the approach combines the QD‐waveguide technique, enabling resonant driving of individual QDs without the need for cross‐polarization filtering, and the PWB for deterministic, alignment‐free coupling of single‐photon sources to optical fibers.
Quantum‐Accelerated Algorithms for Generating Random Primitive Polynomials Over Finite Fields
Authors: Huang Shan , Yin Hua‐Lei , Chen Zeng‐Bing , Wu Shengjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrimitive polynomials over finite fields are crucial resources with broad applications across various domains in computer science, including classical pseudo‐random number generation, coding theory, and post‐quantum cryptography. Nevertheless, the pursuit of an efficient classical algorithm for generating random primitive polynomials over finite fields remains an ongoing challenge. In this work, it shows how this problem can be solved efficiently with the help of quantum computers. Moreover, the designs of specific quantum circuits to implement them are also presented. The research paves the way for the rapid and real‐time generation of random primitive polynomials in diverse quantum communication and computation applications.
Two‐dimensional morphological model for prediction of erosion of a reach of Brahmaputra River using MIKE 21C software with hydrodynamics and river morphology modules
Authors: Pareta Kuldeep 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the morphological dynamics in highly braided rivers, like the Brahmaputra, is crucial for effective river management. To gain this understanding, data is essential for mathematical modeling, enabling short and medium‐term predictions of morphological changes. Our study focused on the Palasbari‐Gumi stretch of the Brahmaputra River, utilizing a two‐dimensional morphological model (MIKE‐21C). Our objectives were to predict erosion patterns, plan protective measures, and anticipate morphological changes. Author conducted multiple models runs under various hydrological scenarios. For coarse sand, the model projected an annual sediment load of 257 Mt/year in 2021, with a bankfull discharge of 314 Mt/year. Historical records noted 400 Mt/year sediment load in the Brahmaputra. Importantly, our model's predictions closely matched empirical data, especially regarding ADCP velocities, design flood levels, and annual sediment load. Peak model velocities deviated by less than 9% from ADCP measurements, predominantly within acceptable limits. Predicted flood levels for bankfull discharge conditions achieved nearly 96% accuracy at the Gumi site. This study highlights the role of predictive modeling in guiding river training measures, especially in dynamic braided river systems like the Brahmaputra, over a two‐3 year horizon.
Food prices and poverty in Africa
Authors: Iheonu Chimere O. , Oladipupo Sodiq A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of food prices on poverty in 37 sub‐Saharan African economies between 2001 and 2020. The study employed Prais‐Winsten regression, variations of the Fixed Effects model to account for conventional biases in econometric modeling, and the Method of Moment Quantile Regression with Fixed Effects to account for existing poverty levels. The findings revealed that a higher proportion of Africans will fall into poverty due to the increase in food prices. This result is consistent with the presence of endogeneity, cross‐sectional dependence, and unobservable heterogeneity. The study also reveals that the increase in food prices has a greater effect in sub‐Saharan African countries with lower levels of poverty as compared to those with high poverty levels, showing that rising food prices disproportionately hurt countries with low poverty levels, pushing more Africans below the poverty line in those countries. The study recommends the need for the implementation of supply‐side agricultural policies that enhance productivity in the sector, thereby boosting aggregate agricultural supply and precipitating a decline in food prices.
Lead‐Free Cs3Bi2I9 Perovskite‐Like Material as Efficient Photocatalyst for Improved Hydrogen Evolution in Presence of Platinum Co‐Catalyst
Authors: Niyitanga Theophile , Raza Waseem , Ahmad Khursheed , Alsulmi Ali , Kim Haekyoung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein, we have reported the synthesis of Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs using simple protocols and strategies. Further, crystalline nature and phase of the as‐synthesized Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs were examined by exploring XRD and XPS methods. The surface morphological properties of Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs were determined by SEM study. XPS technique was used to verify the phase purity and elemental composition of Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs. Furthermore, we have used as‐synthesized Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs as suitable photo‐catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. The Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs exhibits decent results for H2 production. However, introduction of Pt co‐catalyst with Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs boosted the photo‐catalytic hydrogen generation. The obtained results exhibited the generation of excellent H2 amount of 301.45 and 1249.25 μmol g−1 using Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs and Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs+2 mg Pt, respectively. The obtained results exhibits that Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs and Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs+2 mg Pt possess excellent cyclic stability and can be reuse for further photo‐catalytic H2 evolution. Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs+Pt (2.0 mg) also exhibited excellent H2 evolution amount and rate in presence of H3PO2. The obtained results in this study are the important steps towards the H2 evolution using Cs3Bi2I9 MHPs.
Magnetic Exchange Coupling in Macrocyclic Cobalt (II) Complexes: The Influence of Bridging Ligands and Choice of the Computational Methodologies
Authors: Almansori Ali K. , AI‐Ameed Karrar , Obies Mohammed , Abd‐Suhail Falah S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExchange‐coupled spin states of cobalt complexes represent the key to understanding the challenging nature of the magnetism of cobalt dimer. In this study, we introduce a comprehensive investigation of the nature of magnetic super‐exchange coupling interactions between two metallic centers in a macro ligand cobalt dimer. More importantly, we provide a detailed comparison between a series of bridging ligands and study their role in the magnetic exchange coupling constant in cobalt dimer with tetraaza macrocycle ligand scaffold. By varying the types of bridging and terminal ligands, we explored the nature of magnetic coupling in 24 species of cobalt dimers, which allowed us to draw a magneto‐structure relationship and monitor the effect of bridging/terminal ligands on the overall magnetism. We employed different density functional theory (DFT) methodologies and complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) in our investigation. The results show that there are comprehensible functional dependencies, and the choice of exchange‐correlation functional is critical for calculating the magnetic properties. Using the experimental values of the exchange coupling, we found that hybrid functionals with 10–20 % Hartree‐Fock exchange integrals give acceptable accuracy. Furthermore, we adjusted the percentage of HF integrals to estimate the optimum value required to be included in the hybrid functionals. Finally, we used CASSCF to gain deeper understanding of the magnetic coupling for the valence magnetic electrons and to achieve the true ground state wavefunction, which is not feasible with conventional DFT calculations. However, the CASSCF calculations poorly underestimate the magnetic coupling, which can be significantly improved by including the dynamic correlations, as implemented in the NEVPT2 methodology.
Multi‐Scale Engineered 2D Carbon Polyhedron Array with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance
Authors: Song Xiaokai , Song Yujie , Li Xiaopeng , Wu Xiaotong , Wang Zequn , Sun Xuhui , An Meng , Wei Xiaoqian , Zhao Yingji , Wei Jiamin , Bi Chenglu , Sun Jianhua , Nara Hiroki , You Jungmok , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrocatalyst engineering from the atomic to macroscopic level of electrocatalysts is one of the most powerful routes to boost the performance of electrochemical devices. However, multi‐scale structure engineering mainly focuses on the range of atomic‐to‐particle scale such as hierarchical porosity engineering, while catalyst engineering at the macroscopic level, such as the arrangement configuration of nanoparticles, is often overlooked. Here, a 2D carbon polyhedron array with a multi‐scale engineered structure via facile chemical etching, ice‐templating induced self‐assembly, and high‐temperature pyrolysis processes is reported. Controlled phytic acid etching of the carbon precursor introduces homogeneous atomic phosphorous and nitrogen doping, as well as a well‐defined mesoporous structure. Subsequent ice‐templated self‐assembly triggers the formation of a 2D particle array superstructure. The atomic‐level doping gives rise to high intrinsic activity, while the well‐engineered porous structure and particle arrangement addresses the mass transport limitations at the microscopic particle level and macroscopic electrode level. As a result, the as‐prepared electrocatalyst delivers outstanding performance toward oxygen reduction reaction in both acidic and alkaline media, which is better than recently reported state‐of‐the‐art metal‐free electrocatalysts. Molecular dynamics simulation together with extensive characterizations indicate that the performance enhancement originates from multi‐scale structural synergy.
Carbohydrate Profiling of Different Accessions of Three Underutilized Legumes: A Potential Source of Valuable Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Ogunniyi Queeneth A. , Ogbole Omonike O. , Akin‐Ajani Olufunke D. , Ajala Tolulope O. , Liu Qingting , Apriyanto Ardha , Odeku Oluwatoyin A. , Fettke Joerg , Oyatomi Olaniyi , Abberton Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCarbohydrates are significant components of legumes, and their profiling can provide information about their nutritional value and potential health benefits. This study explores the proximate composition and carbohydrate profiles of accessions of three underutilized legumes, namely, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, and Macrotyloma uniflorum. The total starch and soluble sugar are determined. Starch granule morphology and diameter are determined using scanning electron microscopy and chain length distribution of amylopectin is analyzed using Capillary Electrophoresis. All accessions of the legumes vary both in their proximate composition and carbohydrate components. Accessions of M. uniflorum (PI‐658594‐01‐SD) have the highest carbohydrate component (7.6%) while V. radiata (TVR‐42) has the least (4.2%). Macrotyloma uniflorum accensions (PI‐658594‐01‐SD, and PI‐180437‐01‐SD) have the highest starch and sucrose contents, while V. mungo accensions (TVM‐13, and TVM‐11) have the lowest. The glucose and fructose contents are lower than sucrose in all the accessions of the legumes. Macrotyloma uniflorum accensions exhibit larger granules while accessions of Vigna species have the smallest granules. All species accessions exhibit similar amylopectin chain length distribution profiles although accessions of V. mungo slightly differ in their proportion of long and short glucan chains. The three species of underutilized legumes exhibit unique characteristics which make them suitable for consumption and may be exploited as a source of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Navigating α‐Synuclein Aggregation Inhibition: Methods, Mechanisms, and Molecular Targets
Authors: Galkin Maksym , Priss Anastasiia , Kyriukha Yevhenii , Shvadchak Volodymyr 
Published: November 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease is a yet incurable, age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of small neuronal protein α‐synuclein into amyloid fibrils. Inhibition of this process is a prospective strategy for developing a disease‐modifying treatment. We overview here small molecule, peptide, and protein inhibitors of α‐synuclein fibrillization reported to date. Special attention was paid to the specificity of inhibitors and critical analysis of their action mechanisms. Namely, the importance of oxidation of polyphenols and cross‐linking of α‐synuclein into inhibitory dimers was highlighted. We also compared strategies of targeting monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar α‐synuclein species, thoroughly discussed the strong and weak sides of different approaches to testing the inhibitors.
Demethoxymurrapanine, an indole‐naphthoquinone alkaloid, inhibits the proliferation of oral cancer cells without major side effects on normal cells
Authors: Chuang Ya‐Ting , Yen Ching‐Yu , Shiau Jun‐Ping , Chang Fang‐Rong , Duh Chang‐Yih , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Chen Kuan‐Liang , Tsai Yi‐Hong , Tang Jen‐Yang , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei , Sheu Jyh‐Horng , Chang Hsueh‐Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAntioral cancer drugs need a greater antiproliferative impact on cancer than on normal cells. Demethoxymurrapanine (DEMU) inhibits proliferation in several cancer cells, but an in‐depth investigation was necessary. This study evaluated the proliferation‐modulating effects of DEMU, focusing on oral cancer and normal cells. DEMU (0, 2, 3, and 4 μg/mL) at 48 h treatments inhibited the proliferation of oral cancer cells (the cell viability (%) for Ca9‐22 cells was 100.0 ± 2.2, 75.4 ± 5.6, 26.0 ± 3.8, and 15.4 ± 1.4, and for CAL 27 cells was 100.0 ± 9.4, 77.2 ± 5.9, 57.4 ± 10.7, and 27.1 ± 1.1) more strongly than that of normal cells (the cell viability (%) for S‐G cells was 100.0 ± 6.6, 91.0 ± 4.6, 95.0 ± 2.6, and 95.8 ± 5.5), although this was blocked by the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine. The presence of oxidative stress was evidenced by the increase of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and the downregulation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione in oral cancer cells, but these changes were minor in normal cells. DEMU also caused greater induction of the subG1 phase, extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis (annexin V and caspases 3, 8, and 9), and DNA damage (γH2AX and 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine) in oral cancer than in normal cells. N‐acetylcysteine attenuated all these DEMU‐induced changes. Together, these data demonstrate the preferential antiproliferative function of DEMU in oral cancer cells, with the preferential induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage in these cancer cells, and low cytotoxicity toward normal cells.
Incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis across Europe: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roberts Stephen E. , Morrison‐Rees Sian , Thapar Nikhil , Williams John G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have reported large increases in the incidence of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) in the last 20 years. We aimed to systematically review the incidence and prevalence of EoE, focused on all European countries.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis up to 31 December 2022, based on PubMed, CINAHL and extensive hand searching of reference lists. Twenty‐five eligible studies were identified and included.ResultsFor both adults and children, the highest EoE incidence and prevalence have been reported from regional studies in Spain. EoE incidence for both adults and children was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in nationwide studies (meta‐analysis = 3.64 per 100,000 person‐years overall) compared with regional or centre‐based studies (7.16). EoE incidence and prevalence were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in adults than children. All studies that reported on longitudinal trends in EoE incidence showed increases over time, more markedly during more recent years. Larger increases in incidence tend to refer to regional rather than nationwide studies; from Spain, Switzerland and Denmark, both for paediatric and adult age groups. Increases in EoE incidence 100,000 person‐years were larger than for incidence per number of diagnostic endoscopies. The most frequently reported co‐morbidities in adults were rhinitis, followed by asthma, food allergy and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and in children, erosive oesophagitis, asthma, food allergy and rhinitis.ConclusionsThe incidence of EoE has increased in Europe over the last 30 years, exceeding increases in the volume of oesophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopies performed. The patchy and low incidence and prevalence of EoE generally in Europe and compared with North America, may reflect a lack of clinical awareness and research focus rather than a genuinely low incidence of EoE. A co‐ordinated Europe‐wide study that uses standardised methodology is urgently needed to provide a comprehensive picture of EoE incidence and prevalence across Europe.
Bubbles of cosmology in AdS/CFT
Authors: Sahu Abhisek , Simidzija Petar , Van Raamsdonk Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gravitational effective theories associated with holographic CFTs have cosmological solutions, which are typically big-bang/big-crunch cosmologies. These solutions are not asymptotically AdS, so they are not dual to finite-energy states of the CFT. However, we can find solutions with arbitrarily large spherical bubbles of such cosmologies embedded in asymptotically AdS spacetimes where the exterior of the bubble is Schwarzschild-AdS. In this paper, we explore such solutions and their possible CFT dual descriptions. Starting with a cosmological solution with Λ < 0 plus arbitrary matter density, radiation density, and spatial curvature, we show that a comoving bubble of arbitrary size can be embedded in a geometry with AdS-Schwarzschild exterior across a thin-shell domain wall comprised of pressureless matter. We show that in most cases (in particular, for arbitrarily large bubbles with an arbitrarily small negative spatial curvature) the entropy of the black hole exceeds the (radiation) entropy in the cosmological bubble, suggesting that a faithful CFT description is possible. We show that unlike the case of a de Sitter bubble, the Euclidean continuation of these cosmological solutions is sensible and suggests a specific construction of CFT states dual to the cosmological solutions via Euclidean path integral.
A Bayesian approach to modeling topic-metadata relationships
Authors: Schulze Patrick , Wiegrebe Simon , Thurner Paul W. , Heumann Christian , Aßenmacher Matthias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of advanced topic modeling is not only to explore latent topical structures, but also to estimate relationships between the discovered topics and theoretically relevant metadata. Methods used to estimate such relationships must take into account that the topical structure is not directly observed, but instead being estimated itself in an unsupervised fashion, usually by common topic models. A frequently used procedure to achieve this is the method of composition, a Monte Carlo sampling technique performing multiple repeated linear regressions of sampled topic proportions on metadata covariates. In this paper, we propose two modifications of this approach: First, we substantially refine the existing implementation of the method of composition from the package by replacing linear regression with the more appropriate Beta regression. Second, we provide a fundamental enhancement of the entire estimation framework by substituting the current blending of frequentist and Bayesian methods with a fully Bayesian approach. This allows for a more appropriate quantification of uncertainty. We illustrate our improved methodology by investigating relationships between Twitter posts by German parliamentarians and different metadata covariates related to their electoral districts, using the structural topic model to estimate topic proportions.
A Tutorial Introduction to Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Estimation with Meta-learners
Authors: Salditt Marie , Eckes Theresa , Nestler Steffen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPsychotherapy has been proven to be effective on average, though patients respond very differently to treatment. Understanding which characteristics are associated with treatment effect heterogeneity can help to customize therapy to the individual patient. In this tutorial, we describe different meta-learners, which are flexible algorithms that can be used to estimate personalized treatment effects. More specifically, meta-learners decompose treatment effect estimation into multiple prediction tasks, each of which can be solved by any machine learning model. We begin by reviewing necessary assumptions for interpreting the estimated treatment effects as causal, and then give an overview over key concepts of machine learning. Throughout the article, we use an illustrative data example to show how the different meta-learners can be implemented in R. We also point out how current popular practices in psychotherapy research fit into the meta-learning framework. Finally, we show how heterogeneous treatment effects can be analyzed, and point out some challenges in the implementation of meta-learners.