bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal jaundice instruction and acute bilirubin encephalopathy in Nigeria
Authors: Wennberg Richard P. , Imam Zainab O. , Shwe David D. , Hassan Laila , Farouk Zubaida L. , Turner Lindsey E. , Brearley Ann M. , Slusher Tina M. , Oguche Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy (ABE) is common in Nigeria. Parents’ inability to recognize jaundice and delays in seeking care are significant barriers to its prevention.

Methods
We compared associations of (1) interactive antenatal maternal jaundice instruction with postnatal reinforcement, (2) standard postnatal instruction, and (3) no maternal instruction with the incidence of ABE among 647 jaundice admissions stratified for risk factors identified in initial descriptive analysis.

Results
Eighty-three (83/647;12.8%) admissions developed ABE including eleven jaundice-related deaths. ABE was present at admission in 20/22 (90.9%) if mothers received no jaundice instruction and no antenatal care, 42/182 (23.1%) if received antenatal care but no instruction, 16/95 (16.8%) if received postnatal instruction only, and 4/337 (1.2%) if mothers received both antenatal and postnatal instruction (p < .001). ABE was highly associated with out-of-hospital delivery, number of antenatal clinic visits, and birth attendant, but these risks were mitigated by antenatal/postnatal instruction. Admission rates with bilirubin levels below treatment guidelines (12 mg/dL) were higher following instruction (30.7%) than with no instruction (14.4%). Limiting subjects to those meeting admission criteria increased ABE rates in all groups without altering conclusions.

Conclusion
Interactive antenatal instruction with postnatal reinforcement resulted in timely care seeking and a lower incidence of ABE.

Impact

Empowering mothers to participate in neonatal jaundice management is critical in low-income countries where jaundice monitoring and follow up are unreliable.

Instructing mothers about jaundice in antenatal clinics with postnatal reinforcement is more effective than standard postpartum instruction in facilitating jaundice detection, timely care seeking, and lowering the incidence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE).

Antenatal training also mitigates risks for ABE associated with out-of-hospital deliveries, limited antenatal care, and unskilled birth attendants.

Impact: Adding structured jaundice instruction in antenatal clinics could greatly reduce bilirubin induced brain injury in countries where ABE is common.
Interleukin-9 production by type 2 innate lymphoid cells induces Paneth cell metaplasia and small intestinal remodeling
Authors: Yuan Chengyin , Rayasam Aditya , Moe Alison , Hayward Michael , Wells Clive , Szabo Aniko , Mackenzie Andrew , Salzman Nita , Drobyski William R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPaneth cell metaplasia (PCM) typically arises in pre-existing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases; however, the mechanistic pathway that induces metaplasia and whether PCM is initiated exclusively by disorders intrinsic to the GI tract is not well known. Here, we describe the development of PCM in a murine model of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) that is driven by an inducible bcr-abl oncogene. Mechanistically, CML induces a proinflammatory state within the GI tract that results in the production of epithelial-derived IL-33. The binding of IL-33 to the decoy receptor ST2 leads to IL-9 production by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) which is directly responsible for the induction of PCM in the colon and tissue remodeling in the small intestines, characterized by goblet and tuft cell hyperplasia along with expansion of mucosal mast cells. Thus, we demonstrate that an extra-intestinal disease can trigger an ILC2/IL-9 immune circuit, which induces PCM and regulates epithelial cell fate decisions in the GI tract.
Energy transfer of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence in the heliosphere
Authors: Yang Liping , He Jiansen , Verscharen Daniel , Li Hui , Bowen Trevor A. , Bale Stuart D. , Wu Honghong , Li Wenya , Wang Ying , Zhang Lei , Feng Xueshang , Wu Ziqi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImbalanced Alfvénic turbulence is a universal process playing a crucial role in energy transfer in space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. A fundamental and long-lasting question about the imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence is how and through which mechanism the energy transfers between scales. Here, we show that the energy transfer of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence is completed by coherent interactions between Alfvén waves and co-propagating anomalous fluctuations. These anomalous fluctuations are generated by nonlinear couplings instead of linear reflection. We also reveal that the energy transfer of the waves and the anomalous fluctuations is carried out mainly through local-scale and large-scale nonlinear interactions, respectively, responsible for their bifurcated power-law spectra. This work unveils the energy transfer physics of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence, and advances the understanding of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence observed by Parker Solar Probe in the inner heliosphere.
Continuous and efficient elastocaloric air cooling by coil-bending
Authors: Li Xueshi , Hua Peng , Sun Qingping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElastocaloric cooling has emerged as an eco-friendly technology capable of eliminating greenhouse-gas refrigerants. However, its development is limited by the large driving force and low efficiency in uniaxial loading modes. Here, we present a low-force and energy-efficient elastocaloric air cooling approach based on coil-bending of NiTi ribbons/wires. Our air cooler achieves continuous cold outlet air with a temperature drop of 10.6 K and a specific cooling power of 2.5 W g−1 at a low specific driving force of 26 N g−1. Notably, the cooler shows a system coefficient of performance of 3.7 (ratio of cooling power to rotational mechanical power). These values are realized by the large specific heat transfer area (12.6 cm2 g−1) and the constant cold zone of NiTi wires. Our coil-bending system exhibits a competitive performance among caloric air coolers.
Cytosolic actin isoforms form networks with different rheological properties that indicate specific biological function
Authors: Nietmann Peter , Kaub Kevin , Suchenko Andrejus , Stenz Susanne , Warnecke Claas , Balasubramanian Mohan K. , Janshoff Andreas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe implications of the existence of different actins expressed in epithelial cells for network mechanics and dynamics is investigated by microrheology and confocal imaging. γ-actin predominately found in the apical cortex forms stiffer networks compared to β-actin, which is preferentially organized in stress fibers. We attribute this to selective interactions with Mg2+-ions interconnecting the filaments’ N-termini. Bundling propensity of the isoforms is different in the presence of Mg2+-ions, while crosslinkers such as α-actinin, fascin, and heavy meromyosin alter the mechanical response independent of the isoform. In the presence of myosin, β-actin networks show a large number of small contraction foci, while γ-actin displays larger but fewer foci indicative of a stronger interaction with myosin motors. We infer that subtle changes in the amino acid sequence of actin isoforms lead to alterations of the mechanical properties on the network level with potential implications for specific biological functions.
Estimating the potential impact and diagnostic requirements for SARS-CoV-2 test-and-treat programs
Authors: Han Alvin X. , Hannay Emma , Carmona Sergio , Rodriguez Bill , Nichols Brooke E. , Russell Colin A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOral antivirals have the potential to reduce the public health burden of COVID-19. However, now that we have exited the emergency-phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, declining SARS-CoV-2 clinical testing rates (average testing rates = $$\ll$$
≪
10 tests/100,000 people/day in low-and-middle income countries; <100 tests/100,000 people/day in high-income countries; September 2023) make the development of effective test-and-treat programs challenging. We used an agent-based model to investigate how testing rates and strategies affect the use and effectiveness of oral antiviral test-to-treat programs in four country archetypes of different income levels and demographies. We find that in the post-emergency-phase of the pandemic, in countries where low testing rates are driven by limited testing capacity, significant population-level impact of test-and-treat programs can only be achieved by both increasing testing rates and prioritizing individuals with greater risk of severe disease. However, for all countries, significant reductions in severe cases with antivirals are only possible if testing rates were substantially increased with high willingness of people to seek testing. Comparing the potential population-level reductions in severe disease outcomes of test-to-treat programs and vaccination shows that test-and-treat strategies are likely substantially more resource intensive requiring very high levels of testing (≫100 tests/100,000 people/day) and antiviral use suggesting that vaccination should be a higher priority.
Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates with features of both multidrug-resistance and hypervirulence have unexpectedly low virulence
Authors: Kochan Travis J. , Nozick Sophia H. , Valdes Aliki , Mitra Sumitra D. , Cheung Bettina H. , Lebrun-Corbin Marine , Medernach Rachel L. , Vessely Madeleine B. , Mills Jori O. , Axline Christopher M. R. , Nelson Julia A. , VanGosen Ethan M. , Ward Timothy J. , Ozer Egon A. , van Duin David , Chen Liang , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Long S. Wesley , Musser James M. , Bulman Zackery P. , Wunderink Richard G. , Hauser Alan R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae has been classified into two types, classical K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP). cKP isolates are highly diverse and important causes of nosocomial infections; they include globally disseminated antibiotic-resistant clones. hvKP isolates are sensitive to most antibiotics but are highly virulent, causing community-acquired infections in healthy individuals. The virulence phenotype of hvKP is associated with pathogenicity loci responsible for siderophore and hypermucoid capsule production. Recently, convergent strains of K. pneumoniae, which possess features of both cKP and hvKP, have emerged and are cause of much concern. Here, we screen the genomes of 2,608 multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates from the United States and identify 47 convergent isolates. We perform phenotypic and genomic characterization of 12 representative isolates. These 12 convergent isolates contain a variety of antimicrobial resistance plasmids and virulence plasmids. Most convergent isolates contain aerobactin biosynthesis genes and produce more siderophores than cKP isolates but not more capsule. Unexpectedly, only 1 of the 12 tested convergent isolates has a level of virulence consistent with hvKP isolates in a murine pneumonia model. These findings suggest that additional studies should be performed to clarify whether convergent strains are indeed more virulent than cKP in mouse and human infections.
Language models and protocol standardization guidelines for accelerating synthesis planning in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Suvarna Manu , Vaucher Alain Claude , Mitchell Sharon , Laino Teodoro , Pérez-Ramírez Javier 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthesis protocol exploration is paramount in catalyst discovery, yet keeping pace with rapid literature advances is increasingly time intensive. Automated synthesis protocol analysis is attractive for swiftly identifying opportunities and informing predictive models, however such applications in heterogeneous catalysis remain limited. In this proof-of-concept, we introduce a transformer model for this task, exemplified using single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs), a rapidly expanding catalyst family. Our model adeptly converts SAC protocols into action sequences, and we use this output to facilitate statistical inference of their synthesis trends and applications, potentially expediting literature review and analysis. We demonstrate the model’s adaptability across distinct heterogeneous catalyst families, underscoring its versatility. Finally, our study highlights a critical issue: the lack of standardization in reporting protocols hampers machine-reading capabilities. Embracing digital advances in catalysis demands a shift in data reporting norms, and to this end, we offer guidelines for writing protocols, significantly improving machine-readability. We release our model as an open-source web application, inviting a fresh approach to accelerate heterogeneous catalysis synthesis planning.
Post-diagnosis weight trajectories and mortality among women with breast cancer
Authors: Puklin Leah S. , Li Fangyong , Cartmel Brenda , Zhao Julian , Sanft Tara , Lisevick Alexa , Winer Eric P. , Lustberg Maryam , Spiegelman Donna , Sharifi Mona , Irwin Melinda L. , Ferrucci Leah M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWeight gain after breast cancer diagnosis is associated with adverse health outcomes. Yet, few studies have characterized post-diagnosis weight change in the modern treatment era or populations most at risk for weight changes. Among women diagnosed with stages I–III breast cancer in the Smilow Care Network (2013–2019; N = 5441), we abstracted demographic and clinical characteristics from electronic health records and survival data from tumor registries. We assessed if baseline characteristics modified weight trajectories with nonlinear multilevel mixed-effect models. We evaluated body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis and weight change 1-year post-diagnosis in relation to all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality with Cox proportional hazard models. Women had 34.4 ± 25.5 weight measurements over 3.2 ± 1.8 years of follow-up. Weight gain was associated with ER/PR−, HER2+ tumors, BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, and age ≤ 45 years (+4.90 kg (standard error [SE] = 0.59), +3.24 kg (SE = 0.34), and +1.75 kg (SE = 0.10), respectively). Weight loss was associated with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 and age ≥ 70 years (−4.50 kg (SE = 0.08) and −4.34 kg (SE = 0.08), respectively). Large weight loss (≥10%), moderate weight loss (5–10%), and moderate weight gain (5–10%) 1-year after diagnosis were associated with higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.28–3.75, HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02–1.70 and HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.04–1.85, respectively). BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 or BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2 at diagnosis were also associated with higher all-cause mortality. Weight change after a breast cancer diagnosis differed by demographic and clinical characteristics highlighting subgroups at-risk for weight change during a 5-year period post-diagnosis. Monitoring and interventions for weight management early in clinical care are important.
Effects of nursery production methods on fungal community diversity within soil and roots of Abies alba Mill.
Authors: Baranowska Marlena , Behnke-Borowczyk Jolanta , Barzdajn Władysław , Szmyt Janusz , Korzeniewicz Robert , Łukowski Adrian , Memišević-Hodžić Mirzeta , Kartawik Natalia , Kowalkowski Wojciech 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to elucidate how different nursery production methods influence the composition of and relationship between soil and root community levels of Abies alba. In the Międzylesie Forest District, we quantified the responses of samples of both community-level fine roots and surrounding soil to environmental changes evoked by various seedling production methods. Fungi levels were identified based on their ITS 1 region and 5.8 S rDNA component. Analysis was conducted using Illumina SBS technology, and the obtained sequences were compared with reference samples deposited in the UNITE. Chemical analysis of the soil was also performed. Different nursery production methods resulted in a strong decoupling in the responses of fungal community levels between soil and roots. Changes in growth conditions imposed by production methods were significant in determining species composition. We found differences in fungal communities among functional groups of samples. In the soil, the dominant species of mycorrhizal fungi were Tylospora asterophora, Amanita rubescens, and Russula ionochlora. Mycorrhizal fungi in roots included Tuber anniae, Thelephoraceae sp., and Acephala applanata. Specific soil substrate conditions significantly influenced fungal community composition, leading to an increase in abundance of mycorrhizal fungi, specifically T. anniae.
Pre-stroke physical activity is associated with post-stroke physical activity and sedentary behavior in the acute phase
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Kitamura Gakuto , Tamura Mayu , Nankaku Manabu , Taniguchi Masashi , Kikuchi Takayuki , Maki Takakuni , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Miyamoto Susumu , Takahashi Ryosuke , Matsuda Shuichi , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the link between pre-stroke and acute-stage physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior. Forty individuals with stroke (aged 73.6 ± 8.9 years) were enrolled. Post-stroke activity, including metabolic equivalents (METs), sedentary behavior, light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), was measured using a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) over 11 consecutive days starting from the 4th day post-stroke. Pre-stroke PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We measured skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and phase angle using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Inbody S10) upon admission. Physical therapists assessed the Brunnstrom recovery stage (BRS) within 3 days post-stroke. Total daily activity averaged 1.05 ± 0.05 METs. Throughout the day, 91.2 ± 5.1, 7.6 ± 4.1, and 1.2 ± 1.3% was spent in sedentary behavior, light PA, and MVPA, respectively. Only pre-stroke PA was independently associated with METs (β = 0.66), sedentary behavior (β = −0.58), light PA (β = 0.50), and MVPA (β = 0.71) after adjusting for age, sex, stroke severity, and activities of daily living. This suggests that pre-stroke PA might play a crucial role in reducing sedentary behavior and promoting PA during the acute phase.
Dephasingless laser wakefield acceleration in the bubble regime
Authors: Miller Kyle G. , Pierce Jacob R. , Ambat Manfred V. , Shaw Jessica L. , Weichman Kale , Mori Warren B. , Froula Dustin H. , Palastro John P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLaser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) have electric fields that are orders of magnitude larger than those of conventional accelerators, promising an attractive, small-scale alternative for next-generation light sources and lepton colliders. The maximum energy gain in a single-stage LWFA is limited by dephasing, which occurs when the trapped particles outrun the accelerating phase of the wakefield. Here, we demonstrate that a single space–time structured laser pulse can be used for ionization injection and electron acceleration over many dephasing lengths in the bubble regime. Simulations of a dephasingless laser wakefield accelerator driven by a 6.2-J laser pulse show 25 pC of injected charge accelerated over 20 dephasing lengths (1.3 cm) to a maximum energy of 2.1 GeV. The space–time structured laser pulse features an ultrashort, programmable-trajectory focus. Accelerating the focus, reducing the focused spot-size variation, and mitigating unwanted self-focusing stabilize the electron acceleration, which improves beam quality and leads to projected energy gains of 125 GeV in a single, sub-meter stage driven by a 500-J pulse.
Methane prediction equations including genera of rumen bacteria as predictor variables improve prediction accuracy
Authors: Zhang Boyang , Lin Shili , Moraes Luis , Firkins Jeffrey , Hristov Alexander N. , Kebreab Ermias , Janssen Peter H. , Bannink André , Bayat Alireza R. , Crompton Les A. , Dijkstra Jan , Eugène Maguy A. , Kreuzer Michael , McGee Mark , Reynolds Christopher K. , Schwarm Angela , Yáñez-Ruiz David R. , Yu Zhongtang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMethane (CH4) emissions from ruminants are of a significant environmental concern, necessitating accurate prediction for emission inventories. Existing models rely solely on dietary and host animal-related data, ignoring the predicting power of rumen microbiota, the source of CH4. To address this limitation, we developed novel CH4 prediction models incorporating rumen microbes as predictors, alongside animal- and feed-related predictors using four statistical/machine learning (ML) methods. These include random forest combined with boosting (RF-B), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), generalized linear mixed model with LASSO (glmmLasso), and smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) implemented on linear mixed models. With a sheep dataset (218 observations) of both animal data and rumen microbiota data (relative sequence abundance of 330 genera of rumen bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi), we developed linear mixed models to predict CH4 production (g CH4/animal·d, ANIM-B models) and CH4 yield (g CH4/kg of dry matter intake, DMI-B models). We also developed models solely based on animal-related data. Prediction performance was evaluated 200 times with random data splits, while fitting performance was assessed without data splitting. The inclusion of microbial predictors improved the models, as indicated by decreased root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) and mean absolute error (MAE), and increased Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Both glmmLasso and SCAD reduced the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for both the ANIM-B and the DMI-B models, while the other two ML methods had mixed outcomes. By balancing prediction performance and fitting performance, we obtained one ANIM-B model (containing 10 genera of bacteria and 3 animal data) fitted using glmmLasso and one DMI-B model (5 genera of bacteria and 1 animal datum) fitted using SCAD. This study highlights the importance of incorporating rumen microbiota data in CH4 prediction models to enhance accuracy and robustness. Additionally, ML methods facilitate the selection of microbial predictors from high-dimensional metataxonomic data of the rumen microbiota without overfitting. Moreover, the identified microbial predictors can serve as biomarkers of CH4 emissions from sheep, providing valuable insights for future research and mitigation strategies.
Dynamic analysis and optimal control of a stochastic investor sentiment contagion model considering sentiments isolation with random parametric perturbations
Authors: Kang Sida , Hou Xilin , Hu Yuhan , Liu Hongyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInvestor sentiment contagion has a profound influence on economic and social development. This paper explores the diverse influences of various investor sentiments in modern society on the economy and society. It also investigates the interference of various uncertain factors on investor sentiments in the modern economy and society. On this basis, the dual-system stochastic SPA2G2R model was constructed, incorporating positive and negative sentiments, as well as a supervision and isolation mechanism. The global existence of positive solutions was established, and sufficient conditions for the disappearance and steady distribution of investor sentiment were calculated. An optimal control strategy for the stochastic model was put forward, with numerical simulation supporting the theoretical analysis results. A comparison with parameter changes in the deterministic model was also conducted. The research reveals a competitive relationship between different investor sentiments. Enhancing societal guidance mechanisms promotes positive investor sentiment contagion. Timely control by the supervisory department effectively curbs the spread of investor sentiment. Additionally, white noise promotes investor sentiment contagion, suggesting effective regulation through control of noise intensity and disturbance parameters.