bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband dual-comb hyperspectral imaging and adaptable spectroscopy with programmable frequency combs
Authors: Giorgetta Fabrizio R. , Deschênes Jean-Daniel , Lieber Richard L. , Coddington Ian , Newbury Nathan R. , Baumann Esther 
Published: January 2024

We explore the advantages of a free-form dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) platform based on time-programmable frequency combs for real-time, penalty-free apodized scanning. In traditional DCS, the fundamental spectral point spacing, which equals the comb repetition rate, can be excessively fine for many applications. While fine point spacing is not itself problematic, it comes with the penalty of excess acquisition time. Post-processing apodization (windowing) can be applied to tailor the resolution to the sample, but only with a deadtime penalty proportional to the degree of apodization. The excess acquisition time remains. With free-form DCS, this deadtime is avoided by programming a real-time apodization pattern that dynamically reverses the pulse periods between the dual frequency combs. In this way, one can tailor the spectrometer’s resolution and update rate to different applications without penalty. We show the operation of a free-form DCS system where the spectral resolution is varied from the intrinsic fine 160 MHz up to 822 GHz by applying tailored real-time apodization. Because there is no deadtime penalty, the spectral signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with resolution by 5000× over this range, as opposed to the square root increase observed for post-processing apodization in traditional DCS. We explore the flexibility to change resolution and update rate to perform hyperspectral imaging at slow camera frame rates, where the penalty-free apodization allows for optimal use of each frame. We obtain dual-comb hyperspectral movies at a 20 Hz spectrum update rate with broad optical spectral coverage of over 10 THz.
A detailed analysis on the heat generated inside c-Si solar cell
Authors: Lu Xiaodong , Li Haixia , Lun Shuxian , Ni Yanan 
Published: January 2024

The heat generated inside solar cells is one of the important factors influencing the operational stability of a photovoltaic system composed of solar cells. In this work, based on the influencing factors of four main heat-generated mechanisms inside c-Si solar cells, i.e., the energy relaxation process of the hot carrier, Joule heat, recombination heat, and Peltier and Thomson effects, the distribution features of the heat generated by each mechanism are first discussed, and then, considering two common working conditions of c-Si solar cells in module form, i.e., the variations of environmental temperature and output voltage, the changing rules of the distributions of heat generated by different mechanisms are analyzed. The general features of the heat distributions of c-Si solar cells are that the obviously absorbed and released heat only exists in the regions near the front and back surfaces; the four mechanisms all release heat in the narrow n region close to the front surface; and Peltier and Thomson effects are the only mechanism of absorbed heat in the wide p region. The offset effects between released and absorbed heat make the total heat generated by the four mechanisms very small in the wide p region. With the environmental temperature increasing, the heat distribution features of each heat mechanism will remain unchanged, and except for the heat generated by the energy relaxation of the hot carrier, the released and absorbed heat generated by other mechanisms will increase in the whole c-Si active layer. With the output voltage increasing from 0 to 0.68 V, aside from the heat distribution of the energy relaxation of the hot carrier, the distributions of heat generated by other mechanisms show obvious threshold voltage effects, and only when the output voltage is larger than the threshold voltage will the heat distributions of different mechanisms be significantly changed by the variations of the output voltage.
Modeling the locative alternation in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Xu Mengmin , Li Fuyin , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The current study investigates the probabilistic conditioning of the Mandarin locative alternation. We adopt a
corpus-based multivariate approach to analyze 2,836 observations of locative variants from a large Chinese corpus and annotated
manually for various language-internal and language-external constraints. Multivariate modeling reveals that the Mandarin locative
alternation is not only influenced by semantic predictors like affectedness and telicity, but also by previously unexplored
syntactic and language-external constraints, such as complexity and animacy of locatum and location, accessibility of locatum,
pronominality, definiteness of location, length ratio and register. Notably, the effects of affectedness, definiteness and
pronominality are broadly parallel in both the Mandarin locative alternation and its English counterpart. We thus contribute to
theorizing in corpus-based variationist linguistics by uncovering the probabilistic grammar of the locative alternation in
Mandarin Chinese, and by identifying the constraints that may be universal across languages.
Politeness, speech acts and socio-cultural change
Authors: Haselow Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper studies the long-term diachronic development of the speech act of expressing gratitude in the history
of English in Britain. The speech act underwent a considerable transformation from a religious-devotional practice and an
expressive act with a high illocutionary weight addressed to a fellow human being towards a predominantly phatic routine in
everyday conversation. Based on empirical data it is suggested that this development is characterised by the interplay of four
processes: recontextualisation, functional expansion, attenuation/reduction of illocutionary force, and routinisation. Since, as
will be shown, these changes run parallel to major changes in the organisation of society in the social history of Britain, they
appear to be part of more general socio-cultural transformational processes that affected behavioural conventions, including
politeness conventions and communicative routines.
The copycat paradigm
Authors: Donzelli Aurora 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article describes how the copycat implementation of foreign protocols of assessment is transforming the
production of knowledge within the Italian social sciences. Focusing on the gatekeeping process whereby the national agency for
the evaluation of university research (ANVUR) publishes yearly lists of “Class‑A” journals, my analysis draws on interviews,
first-hand observations, my own experience as a returning migrant-scholar, as well as comparisons with historical Italian
journals. My aim is twofold: on the one hand, I reflect on the parallel misrecognition of scale and context underlying neoliberal
capitalism; on the other hand, I describe the paradoxes of excellence and the forms of reflexive alienation engendered by the
contemporary knowledge economy.
The Realities of Peripheral Handicraft Livelihoods in the Face of Disasters in Vanuatu
Authors: Clissold Rachel , Westoby Ross , McNamara Karen E. , Obed Viviane 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The South Pacific Islands region faces unique challenges and heightened impacts from disasters, which are influenced by structural characteristics of remoteness, smallness, insularity, peripherality, low elevations, and urban primacy. The combined catastrophic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, border closures, and multiple cyclones, have recently devastated livelihoods, especially those dependent on tourism, in Vanuatu. The voices of women and those working in the ‘informal tourism sector’ are rarely heard. This is an oversight considering marginalised groups need improved resilience-building prospects and well-targeted risk management and social protection initiatives. Drawing from 13 unstructured interviews with handicraft vendors in 2018 and 2021, this case study aims to investigate the lived experiences of female informal workers in a multi-hazard environment. Intersecting hazards causing significant loss included tropical cyclones, COVID-19, and the inequities and marginalising forces of being women in the informal sector. Women’s voices, knowledge, and needs are often sidelined by government, particularly through a lack of social protection policies and crisis responses. The gendered burdens thus accumulate, resulting in heavy workloads and emotional burdens. Evidence of handicraft vendors developing coping and response strategies without formal support include livelihood diversification, returning to traditional subsistence lifestyles, and collective financial risk-sharing, which have led to informal resilience-building outcomes.

Information
© The Authors 2024
A research-informed graphical tool to visually approach Gauss’ and Stokes’ theorems in vector calculus
Authors: Hahn L , Blaue S A , Klein P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gauss’ and Stokes’ theorems are fundamental results in vector calculus and important tools in physics and engineering. When students are asked to describe the meaning of Gauss’ divergence theorem, they often use statements like this: ‘The sum of all sources of a vector field in a region gives the net flux out of the region’. In order to raise this description to a mathematically sound level of understanding, we present an educational approach based on the visual interpretation of the vector differential operators, i.e. divergence and curl. As a starting point, we use simple vector field diagrams for a qualitative approach to connect both sides of the integral theorems, and present an interactive graphical tool to support this connection. The tool allows to visualise two-dimensional vector fields, to specify vector decomposition, to evaluate divergence and curl point wise, and to draw rectangles to determine surface and line integrals. From a meta-perspective, we situate this educational approach into learning with (multiple) representations. Based on prior research, the graphical tool addresses various learning difficulties of vector fields that are connected to divergence and curl. The tool was incorporated into the weekly lecture-based recitations of Physics II (electromagnetism) in 2022 and 2023, and we assessed various educational outcome measures. The students overall reported the tool to be intuitive and user-friendly (level of agreement 76%,

N
=
125

), considered it helpful for understanding and recommended its use for introductory physics courses (level of agreement 65%,

N
=
65

).
Effect of a flat band on a multiband two-dimensional Lieb lattice with intra- and interband interactions
Authors: Faúndez Julián , Magalhães S G , Riseborough P S , Reyes-Lillo Sebastian E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explore the effect of a single flat band in the electronic properties of a ferromagnetic two-dimensional Lieb lattice using the multiband Hubbard model with polarized carriers, spin-up and spin-down. We employ the self-consistent dynamical mean field theory and a Green functions cumulant expansion around the atomic limit to obtain the correlated densities of states while varying the intra- and interband interactions. Our findings demonstrate a renormalization of the correlated density of states in both the spin-up and spin-down carriers as we varied the intra- and interband interactions. We conclude that the presence of a flat band enables the system to maintain a metal state with itinerant ferromagnetism in the spin-up carrier.
The structure of chemical vapor deposited graphene substrates for graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Faggio G , Politano G G , Lisi N , Capasso A , Messina G 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Defects and nanocrystalline grain structures play a critical role in graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS). In this study, we selected three types of few-layer, polycrystalline graphene films produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and we tested them as GERS substrates. The graphene structure was controlled by decreasing the CVD temperature, thus obtaining (i) polycrystalline with negligible defect density, (ii) polycrystalline with high defect density, (iii) nanocrystalline. We applied rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule to investigate the Raman enhancement. Our results show that nanocrystalline graphene is the most sensitive GERS substrate, indicating that the GERS effect is primarily connected to the nanocrystalline structure, rather than to the presence of defects.
An adaptive robust strategy based on hypothesis testing for satellite clock bias short-term forecasting
Authors: Su Jia , Gao Mengjia , Yi Qingwu , Wang Binbin , Ma Zhiwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The study of short-term forecasting of satellite clock bias (SCB) is important to promote the development of real-time precise point positioning, and the Kalman filter model has certain advantages over other models in the single forecast model. However, the filtering performance will be degraded by the model bias, and a fading factor is constructed to control the effect brought by the model bias. Considering that the fading factor may cause the covariance matrix to be abnormally inflated or even invalid when the observed information is unreliable, the chi-square test is introduced as a test indicator. At the current epoch moment, the fading factor or robust estimation is conditionally applied based on the result of the hypothesis test. An improved IGGIII weight function is used by the robust estimation, which simplifies the solution of the parametric robust solution. BeiDou satellite navigation system-3 satellite clock bias data with different clock types were selected for the analysis of fitting accuracy and forecasting accuracy, and the experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can well eliminate the anomalous perturbation phenomenon caused by model deviation and improve the fitting accuracy. The comparison of forecast accuracy between the proposed strategy and GM(1,1), quadratic polynomial, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models at 3, 6, and 12 h intervals reveals that the proposed strategy consistently demonstrates optimal forecast accuracy.
Growth optimization and crossover of transport mechanisms in Bi2Se3 thin films
Authors: Malasi Megha , Rathod Shivam , Lakhani Archana , Kumar Devendra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report the growth, structural characterization, and transport studies of Bi2Se3 thin film on single crystalline silicon (Si), Si/SiO2, quartz, and glass substrates by thermal evaporation method. Our results show that 300 °C is the optimum substrate temperature to obtain the c-axis (001) oriented Bi2Se3 films on all the substrates. The film grown on the Si substrate has the minimum crystalline disorder. The energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results show that film on Si substrate is bismuth deficient, the film on Si/SiO2 substrate is selenium deficient, and the film on quartz substrate is near perfect stoichiometric providing a way to tune the electronic properties of Bi2Se3 films through substrate selection. The film grown on quartz shows the highest mobility (2.7 × 104 cm2 V-1s−1) which drops to 150 cm2 V-1s−1 for Si, 60 cm2 V-1s−1 for Si/SiO2, and 0.9 cm2 V-1s−1 for glass substrate. Carrier concentration is n-type for Bi2Se3 films on Si (∼1018 cm−3), quartz (∼1018 cm−3) and Si/SiO2 (∼1019 cm−3) substrate with a clear indication of frozen out effect around 50 K for Si/SiO2 and Si substrate. Longitudinal resistivity of Bi2Se3 film on Si/SiO2 substrate shows different behavior in three different temperature regions: temperature dependent resistivity region due to electron–phonon scattering, a nearly temperature independent resistivity region due to electron–phonon and electron–ion scattering, and a quantum coherent transport region.
Parametric analysis of electron beam quality in laser wakefield acceleration based on the truncated ionization injection mechanism
Authors: Maity Srimanta , Mondal Alamgir , Vishnyakov Eugene , Molodozhentsev Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) in a gas cell target separating injection and acceleration section has been investigated to produce high-quality electron beams. A detailed study has been performed on controlling the quality of accelerated electron beams using a combination of truncated ionization and density downramp injection mechanisms. For this purpose, extensive two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations have been carried out considering a gas cell target consisting of a hydrogen and nitrogen mixture in the first part and pure hydrogen in the second part. Such a configuration can be realized experimentally using a specially designed capillary setup. Using the parameters already available in the existing experimental setups, we show the generation of an electron beam with a peak energy of 500–600 MeV, relative energy spread less than

5
%

, normalized beam emittance around 1.5 mm-mrad, and beam charge of 2–5 pC/µm. Our study reveals that the quality of the accelerated electron beam can be independently controlled and manipulated through the beam loading effect by tuning the parameters, e.g. laser focusing position, nitrogen concentration, and gas target profile. These simulation results will be useful for future experimental campaigns on LWFA, particularly at ELI Beamlines.
Operational significance of nonclassicality in nonequilibrium Gaussian quantum thermometry
Authors: Mirkhalaf Safoura , Mehboudi Mohammad , Nafari Qaleh Zohre , Rahimi-Keshari Saleh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We provide new operational significance of nonclassicality in nonequilibrium temperature estimation of bosonic baths with Gaussian probe states and Gaussian dynamics. We find a bound on the thermometry performance using classical probe states. Then we show that by using nonclassical probe states, single-mode and two-mode squeezed vacuum states, one can profoundly improve the classical limit. Interestingly, we observe that this improvement can also be achieved by using Gaussian measurements. Hence, we propose a fully Gaussian protocol for enhanced thermometry, which can simply be realized and used in quantum optics platforms.
An adaptive Bayesian approach to gradient-free global optimization
Authors: Yu Jianneng , Morozov Alexandre V 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many problems in science and technology require finding global minima or maxima of complicated objective functions. The importance of global optimization has inspired the development of numerous heuristic algorithms based on analogies with physical, chemical or biological systems. Here we present a novel algorithm, SmartRunner, which employs a Bayesian probabilistic model informed by the history of accepted and rejected moves to make an informed decision about the next random trial. Thus, SmartRunner intelligently adapts its search strategy to a given objective function and moveset, with the goal of maximizing fitness gain (or energy loss) per function evaluation. Our approach is equivalent to adding a simple adaptive penalty to the original objective function, with SmartRunner performing hill ascent on the modified landscape. The adaptive penalty can be added to many other global optimization schemes, enhancing their ability to find high-quality solutions. We have explored SmartRunner’s performance on a standard set of test functions, the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick spin glass model, and Kauffman’s NK fitness model, finding that it compares favorably with several widely-used alternative approaches to gradient-free optimization.
Electronic and optical properties for Li1-xAgxAlTe2 alloys: potential transparent conductive material
Authors: Kang Sixin , Wang Jiayuan , Yang Lei , Fan S W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Using the hybrid functionals combining the special quasi-random structure methods, the properties of LiAlTe2, AgAlTe2, and their alloys (Li1-xAgxAlTe2) are studied. Our study confirms that both LiAlTe2 and AgAlTe2 are direct wide-band gap semiconductors. Moreover, LiAlTe2 possesses high transmittance in the visual light region. Lattice constants and volume of Li1-xAgxAlTe2 alloys satisfy Vegard’s law. The band gaps express nonlinear behavior with the component x, and the optical bowing parameter (b

Eg
) is 0.13. The carriers’ effective mass for Li1-xAgxAlTe2 alloys is rapidly decreased by the presence of Ag. When Ag component reaches 0.125, the electron (hole) effective mass is 0.225 (0.271) m0 (m0: static electron’s mass), and the band gap is 3.034 eV. Low transition temperature suggests Li1-xAgxAlTe2 alloys are stable under experimental conditions. Meanwhile, the Li1-xAgxAlTe2 alloys express excellent ductility, which is beneficial for future flexible device applications. Wide band gap, smaller electron (hole) effective mass, thermodynamic stability, and high transmittance in the visual light region indicate Li0.875Ag0.125AlTe2 alloy is a promising transparent conductive material.
High-efficiency top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes based on metal/ITO composite electrodes
Authors: Zhao Ben , Pi Jinzhi , Gu Jialu , Lin Yang , Shui Xinfeng , Zhang Jianhua , Shi Wei , Wei Bin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-performance top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) integrating the metal/ITO composite anodes were developed. The results revealed that covering the surface of Al anode with ITO layer could effectively improve the charge injection efficiency and balance the hole–electron charge. The effect of the thickness of ITO on the performance of TEOLEDs with Al/ITO anodes was further studied. The TEOLEDs with Al/ITO (5 nm) anode showed optimized performance, with the current efficiency (CE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) enhanced by 40.0% and 34.5% compared to that of the OELD with pure Al anode, and increased by 93.1% and 33.5% compared to that of bottom-emitting OLEDs. In addition, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was narrowed to 36 nm due to the micro-cavity effect of the top-emitting structure and the turn-on voltage decreased to as low as 2.3 V owing to the efficient charge injection and well-matched energy level. In addition, TEOLEDs using Ag/ITO as anode exhibited a slow roll-off of CE and EQE and a narrower FWHM of 30 nm, greatly improving the color purity. The strategy is simple and can significantly improve the efficiency of the TEOLEDs, which promotes the applications of OLEDs in the fields of ultra-high-definition displays and micro-displays.
Thin photonic crystal templates for enhancing the SERS signal: a case study using very low concentrations of dye molecules
Authors: Narayanan Saranya , Sahani Pratyasha , Rathod Jagannath , Soma Venugopal Rao , Yalla Ramachandrarao , Tata B V R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A single monolayer photonic crystal (PhC) of polystyrene(PS) colloidal particles with gold nanoparticles drop-casted on the surface have been employed as templates for the detection of dye molecules (methylene blue is taken as analyte for the case study) at very low concentrations using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. Results obtained from the SERS investigations clearly reveal that PhC templates significantly enhance the Raman peak, lowering the detection limits of dye molecules (viz., Methylene Blue, Rhodamine 6G, and Malachite Green) to ∼50 nM. The results are understood by performing finite element method (FEM) based electromagnetic numerical simulations. Simulations have shown that the electric field locally gets redistributed, and significant enhancement occurs at wedge regions formed by touching PS spheres, which gets further enhanced in the presence of a gold nanoparticle at the wedge region. Gold nanoparticles sitting at the wedge regions serve as hot spots and are responsible for enhanced SERS signals.