bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managed Health and Behavioral Health Care Services Delivery: A Complex, Interrelated System of Policies, Programs, and Research
Authors: Veeder Nancy W , Peebles-Wilkins Wilma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Managed care is a complex health and behavioral health care services delivery system. This system has evolved over a lengthy period of time and the current managed care “revolution” is, therefore, more appropriately termed an evolution.
The currently evolving managed care systems encompass wide-ranging policies and programs affecting many diverse service-delivery domains and populations at-risk in need of services. In addition, research efforts in managed care range from individual consumer, group, community, and organizational needs assessments to programmatic and services outcome evaluations based on qualitative and quantitative data.
Biotechnology and Managed Care
Authors: Philp Elizabeth Pearson , Berkman Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Health and mental health care have evolved into increasingly complex service systems. This complexity derives from a number of factors, but the combined effects of biotechnological advances and managed care strategies are having an unprecedented impact on consumers as well as health care providers.
Biotechnological advances have increased treatment options across patient populations. These advances have changed the demographics of the health care consumer population. We are increasingly able to push back mortality at both ends of the age spectrum, sustaining life in the youngest as well as in older adults and the elderly. Biotechnological research has led to an expanding array of diagnostic and treatment tools as well as methods of health improvement and disease prevention. Illnesses that were once inevitable are now preventable and diseases that were once fatal are now treatable, shifting the focus of care from acute intervention to prevention and chronic disease management (Berkman, 1996; Pardes, Manton, Lander, & Tolley, 1999).
Ethics and Managed Care Policy
Authors: Reamer Frederic G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, discussions of managed care have changed tone. In the early 1980s, much of the literature focused on whether managed care strategies should or should not be implemented. In contrast, today we are much more inclined to accept—perhaps with misgivings—that managed care is here to stay. Even managed care ‘s harshest critics typically acknowledge that the movement ‘s momentum is inexorable. Exactly how managed care policies and procedures should be formulated and implemented is a debatable topic; whether managed care policies and procedures will be formulated and implemented is an issue that now seems moot.
For social workers, managed care broaches a wide range of implications. Much of the profession ‘s literature on the subject has focused, understandably, on clinical implications (see, for example, Grossberg, 1996; Kanter & Silva, 1996; Myers, 1998; Schamess & Lightburn, 1998; Weimer, 1996). A number of social work authors have written commentaries on the implications of managed care for administrators and program directors (see, for example, Brach & Scallet, 1998; Matorin, 1998; Siskind, 1997). Much less has been written about the ethical implications of managed care for social workers, especially related to education and training (Reamer, 1997a, 1998a; Strom Gottfried & Corcoran, 1998).
Managed Care and Care Management for Older Adults
Authors: Ceron Scan Miyake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contending with a medical emergency, health problem, or chronic illness is never easy. For older adults, who are more likely to have health limitations, cognitive impairment, or problems with memory, and less education than younger adults, facing health problems can be particularly difficult. The vulnerability of the elderly population has long been recognized in American society—the elderly are almost the only constituency in the United States with an entitlement of health insurance. Virtually all elderly Americans receive their health insurance from Medicare, the landmark health care program for people over sixty-five. Today, more than six million older adults participate in managed care through the Medicare program, 16% of all Medicare beneficiaries (Gage, 1997).
As other authors in this book have described, the U.S. health care sys tem has undergone profound changes in the past two decades. The development of managed care and other new forms of delivering care, the change from fee-for-service and retrospective payment to capitated and prospective financing systems, the growth of investor-owed hospital and nursing home chains and other organizations providing care, and the emergence of a new array of settings outside of the hospital where services are delivered have combined to fundamentally alter the health care landscape.
Managed Care and the Ecological Perspective
Authors: Greene Roberta R , Sullivan W Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gerontologists are increasingly exploring models of geriatric health care that are based on ecological principles, individualized multidisciplinary treatment plans, and designs that promote optimal functioning among older adults. At the core of this care process is a person-environment perspectiveor, the patient in his or her milieu. Gerontologists use comprehensive assessments to examine a patient ‘s ability to function successfully in his or her environment and mobilize resources to improve interpersonal functioning (Coulton, 1981; Fandetti & Goldmeir, 1988; Fillit, Hill, Picariello & Warburton, 1998; Greene, in press).
Historically, the motivation behind a comprehensive team assessment was linked to a central ecological construct: everyday competence. Everyday competence—akin to functional capacity—is concerned with older people ‘s ability to care for themselves, manage their affairs, and live independent, quality lives in their communities (Tinetti & Powell, 1993; Willis, 1991, Willis, 1996a, b). With the graying of U.S. society and the sharp rise in acute and disabling illnesses, health professionals are giving increased attention to the concept of competence among older adults (Diehl, 1998; Silverstone, 1996).
Between Eden and Armageddon
Authors: Gopin Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen a meteoric rise in the power and importance of organized religion in many parts of the world. At the same time, there has been a significant increase in violence perpetrated in the name of religion. While much has been written on the relationship between violence and religious militancy, history shows that religious people have also played a critical role in peacemaking within numerous cultures. In the new century, will religion bring upon further catastrophes? Or will it provide human civilization with methods of care, healing, and the creation of peaceful and just societies? In this groundbreaking book, Marc Gopin integrates the study of religion with the study of conflict resolution. He argues that religion can play a critical role in constructing a global community of shared moral commitments and vision--a community that can limit conflict to its nonviolent, constructive variety. If we examine religious myths and moral traditions, Gopin argues, we can understand why and when religious people come to violence, and why and when they become staunch peacemakers. He shows that it is the conservative expression of most religious traditions that presents the largest challenge in terms of peace and conflict. Gopin considers ways to construct traditional paradigms that are committed to peacemaking on a deep level and offers such a paradigm for the case of Judaism. Throughout, Gopin emphasizes that developing the potential of the world’[s religions for coping with conflict demands a conscious process on the part of peacemakers and theologians. His innovative and carefully argued study also offers a broad set of recommendations for policy planners both inside and outside of government.
Corifl-ict Resolution as a Religious Experience
Authors: Gopin Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My experience with the Mennonite community began a number of years ago, when I participated in a conflict resolution training with John Paul Lederach at Eastern Mennonite University in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Since then I have become quite involved in this community, and I consistently teach a seminar on religion and conflict resolution at the Conflict Transformation Program of EMU. I have developed close personal friendships with Mennonite peacemakers, been privileged to engage in training a number of Mennonites in religion and conflict resolution, and I have learned much from them. I also participated in a major research project about Mennonite peacemaking; this chapter is an expansion on my research for that project.
Introduction And Overview
Authors: Mcnally Michael D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A blue haze of cigarette smoke, backlit by the bare bulbs of an old ceiling light fixture, disabused me of any expectations for the exotic in this Native American ceremony. There was, though, an enormous gravity in the room, a sense of urgency that was tangible with each sigh heard. After all, thirty or so of us had gathered in this stark place in the city of Minneapolis to mourn the victim of a senseless murder. It was a funeral wake, a Native American funeral wake, held in a storefront building that served the people of Franklin Avenue as a soup kitchen by day. Shallow birchbark trays filled with free cigarettes (tobacco, asernaa) and candy (sugar, ziinzibaakwad) were laid out for all to enjoy, whether living or dead.
Music As Negotiation: Uses of Hymn Singing, 1868-1934
Authors: Mcnally Michael D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“No music so blinds my eyes with tears as the songs of these Christian Indians,” wrote Episcopal Bishop Henry B. Whipple in 1880 as he made his rounds among the northern Minnesota missions: “Indian voices are very sweet and you could not believe that they were the same voices you have heard in the wild heathen grand medicine or the horrid scalp dances. I am sure that in the charms of song which goes up to heaven from this world they sound as sweet to Jesus as any Christian song.” But the soul of the music that Whipple heard in morning worship was clearly developing elsewhere, out of earshot of the mission station and beyond the ken of missionary reportage. A message dictated in broken English the next year indicated that, amid an outbreak of smallpox among the Lake Winnibigoshish Ojibwes, a group of Ojibwe men had journeyed sixty miles from their home at the White Earth Reservation to sing hymns all night long over a dying child. Although the documentary record contains only sparse details of such performances, Ojibwe people placed the missionary songs in familiar social contexts of music making in ways that made them their own. By 1880, the tradition of singing hymns had become largely the province of certain groups of young men and women, respectively, who gathered around the spiritual leadership of elders and carried the music to the sick, the dying, and the grieving. In this case, the singers formed around the eldership of Shay-day-ence, or Little Pelican, a man who had been highly regarded, not coincidentally, as a spiritual leader in the Midewiwin tradition at Gull Lake before his community had been removed to the White Earth Reservation. Singing provided an occasion for the gathering of these groups of men and women, and set the tone for an improvised way of life amid the difficult circumstances on the reservation.
Twentieth-Century Hymn Singing As Cultural Criticism
Authors: Mcnally Michael D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 explored how the Anami’aajig modeled hymns into a medium for negotiating a new life within the circumstances of assimilation and missionization while maintaining the integrity of core Anishinaabe values. We turn now to the changed landscape of hymn singing in the twentieth century and to how the meanings and uses of hymn singing changed in response. The same songs and the same ritualized practice of singing them have taken on different meanings and do different kinds of cultural work as a result of the gradual loss of language, English only boarding school education, fuller integration into American society, relocation away from the reservations to the cities, and the ensuing contentiousness over the meaning and value of Ojibwe culture. Although hymn singing had declined in importance at White Earth by mid century, a group of concerned senior citizens rekindled the tradition of singing in the 1980s in what could be understood as a ritual form of cultural criticism. Sketches of their lives show how the elders’ remaking of hymn singing has effectively remade them in the process. Although the mode of ritualization changed with the historical situation, ritualized hymn singing was used to similar ends: the remembering of a dismembered community in crisis and the reconfiguration of an existence where economics, politics, and religion had become increasingly compartmentalized into an integrated Anishinaabe way of life.
Saints Criticized and Condemned
Authors: Ray Reginald A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mahákáśyapa, Upagupta, and śariputra are preeminent saints, presented in a positive light within their respective traditions. Quite in contrast to them are other important saintly figures toward whom Indian Buddhism has a much more ambivalent attitude. This chapter contains discussion of two such masters, Pindolabháradvája and Devadatta.
Introduction
Authors: Grennan Eamon , Kitzinger Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Oedipus at Colonus, written by Sophocles in the last years of his life (he died in 406 BCE) and not produced until after his death (perhaps in 401 BCE), is a powerful exploration of what survives endingsthe ending of an individual life (Oedipus dies at the end of the play); the ending of a city (in 404 Sophocles’ native city, Athens, came to the end of its role as the primary political presence in the Mediterranean world through its defeat by Sparta and its allies after a long and costly war); and the end of the poet’s own life (Sophocles was probably ninety when he wrote the play).
Conventions Of The Ancient Greek Theater
Authors: Grennan Eamon , Kitzinger Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of the original experience of Sophocles’ audience is lost in encountering a play like the Oedipus at Colonus in English instead of Greek and on the page instead of on the stage. Not only is a great deal communicated by the spatial relationships, the physical gestures, the vocal intonations of the actors and the chorus, and the subtleties par¬ticular to the Greek language that are so different from those of En¬glish, but the conventions of the ancient theater are so different from our own that we cann9t even be confident of the way our imaginations may provide the missing aspects of performance as we read.
Characters
Authors: Grennan Eamon , Kitzinger Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A grove near Athens, in the district of Colonus. Entrance, stage left, leads to Athens, entrance stage right to Thebes. The grove stretches across the back of the stage. A large unhewn rock lies just inside the grove. Toward the front of the stage there is a rock ledge. On one side stands an equestrian statue. From the direction of Thebes, enter OEDIPUS slowly, leaning on ANTIGONE, both in ragged clothing. They stop at the unhewn rock in the grove.
Into the Mainstream
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN AN EMOTIONALLY CHARGED FIELD such as Biblical study, there is nothing novel about the assertion that scholarship is ideologically motivated, and the critical study of the Bible has long been driven by the desire to establish particular positions, conservative or radical, Catholic or Protestant. Often, too, the political concerns of a given period determine the texts and passages that will become the main intellectual battlefronts in that era. Some contemporary theorists would deny that truly objective or value-free scholarship is even a possibility. What has changed fundamentally in recent years is the nature of the prevailing ideology, which asks quite novel questions about, for instance, gender and sexuality, canon and authority. The liberal and feminist tone of contemporary writing on the lost gospels is what we might expect from the academic and religious culture of the late twentieth-century West.
Muslims and Identity Politics in America
Authors: Muqtedar Khan Mohommed A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Identity may be an imaginary property of humans, but its effects on society are real, both on the individual level and collectively in the form of communities, nations, ethnicities, and civilizations. Identity connects the individual to the collective; it establishes relations whose nature is political and which is known as “identity politics.” Through the shaping and reshaping of the “I” and the “we” the individual and the community shape and re-shape each other.
Identity and Destiny: The Formative Views of the Moorish Science Temple and the Nation of Islam
Authors: Allen Ernest 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since whiteness is a mark of degeneracy in many animals near the pole, the negro has as much right to term his savage robbers albinos and white devils, degenerated through the weakness of nature, as we have to deem him the emblem of evil, and a descendant of Ham, branded by his father’s curse. I, might he say, I, the black, am the original man. I have taken the deepest draughts from the source of life, the Sun: on me, and on everything around me, it has acted with the greatest energy and vivacity.
Introduction
Authors: Derber Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Without attention being exchanged and distributed, there is no social life. A unique social resource, attention is created anew in each encounter and allocated in ways deeply affecting human interactions. The quality of any interaction depends on the tendencies of those involved to seek and share attention. Competition develops when people seek to focus attention mainly on themselves; co­ operation occurs when the participants are willing and able to give it. In cooperative interactions attention is distributed to each person according to his or her needs, while in competitive interactions attention is typically dominated by those most powerful. In extreme instances, certain people monopolize attention while others do not receive even the minimum allowing them to feel included or visible.
Introduction
Authors: Derber Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Part I we have seen that informal attention-dynamics in America are individualistic, with people tending to seek attention for themselves. There are, however, systematic differences be­ tween the sexes and among social classes that are aspects of “for­ mal” behavior.1 Of prime interest is the behavior of women and subordinate class members involving self-effacement and the giving of attention to others. In Part II, focusing mainly on formal rather than informal interactions, we examine sex roles and social class prescriptions which restrict “self-orientation” among lower-status groups and dictate a distribution of attention consistent with dominant social hierarchies.
Building Peace in South Africa
Authors: Herr Robert , Herr Judy Zimmerman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was 1983, the beginning of what would later be known as a decade of decisive and bitter struggle in South Africa. We were visiting a rural African, Presbyterian church. Representing a North American church agency to people in a rural homeland of the then-pariah South Africa was a dicey task. Mennonites in North America were sometimes unsure about our being there. International friends noted the ethical dilemma our presence posed. “We are hurt by the ostracism of the world,” said a South African friend, in contrast, “especially by the churches. We didn’t ask for this oppression; it was thrust upon us. It’s as if we find ourselves on the cross. Please do not say, as did Jesus’ tormentors, ‘save yourself.’ Rather, come and suffer and agonize with us” (Mcoteli, 1983).
Trauma-Healing and Reconciliation Workshops during Liberia’s Civil Crisis
Authors: Hart Barry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Tribal Liberians Lived with oneanother very understandably before the war.”
This statement, made by a Liberian ninth grader, reflects a widely held perception among Liberians about their personal and intergroup relations before the war that began on December 24, 1989. Prior to that time, most members of Liberia’s seventeen ethnic groups did live, work, and trade with one another peacefully, and they often married across ethnic lines. Even those from the America-Liberian minority community who stayed after the 1980 coup, which ended 133 years of America-Liberian rule, experienced a certain tolerance and sense of peace before the war. But, as another ninth grader, a member of the Krahn ethnic group, stated:
Generally the civil war has created some gigantic impact on the lives of the Liberian people. The war has caused some great changes in the minds of the typical Liberian. The Krahn, Mandingo, Gio, and Mano [ethnic groups], who are the major perpetrators of this war, once lived together very happily and inter-married. [Now] the Gio and Mano from Nimba County have become enemies to the Mandingo and Krahn. . . . They look at each other like two different people.
From Haiti to Hebron with a Brief Stop in Washington, D.C.
Authors: Kern Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1984, Ron Sider Gave The keynote address at the Mennonite World Conference, calling for the Christians of the world to band together and form a Christian peacemaking army that would intervene nonviolently in situations of conflict. He later expanded on this theme:
Nonviolent resistance to tyrants, oppressors and brutal invaders is not for fools or cowards. It demands courage and daring of the highest order. It requires discipline, training and a willingness to face death. It produces collective pride in the group or society that successfully . . . stands together and overcomes a brutal enemy.
Are there tough, brave volunteers for that kind of costly, demanding battle? Would the people be there if the Christian church—and people of other faiths as well—called for a vast multiplication of our efforts in nonviolent alternatives to war? Would the scholars and trainees emerge if we doubled and then quadrupled our study and training centers on nonviolence? Would the nonviolent troops be available to be trained by the thousands and then tens of thousands to form disciplined Christian Peacemaker Teams ready to walk into the face of danger and death in loving confrontation of injustice and oppression? (1989, pp. 93–94)
Local Assessments of Mennonite Peacebuilding
Authors: Sampson Cynthia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We Have Before Us Accounts of peacebuilding told by Mennonite practitioners and analyses of their work by scholars writing from the perspectives of their respective disciplines. What remains for this chapter is to provide some local assessment of Mennonite peacebuilding from those who have had direct experience of some of those initiatives.
This will not be an exhaustive undertaking. It has not been possible to dispatch independent researchers to four continents to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and impact of Mennonite peacebuilding. Nor has it been possible to provide equal coverage in this chapter for all of the volume’s case studies. We were able to select but two locations, Colombia and Northern Ireland, for site visits, which were made in October and November 1996. We felt these cases offered a contrast: Colombia presents the work of Justapaz, an initiative of the Colombian Mennonite church, whereas Northern Ireland, more typical of the other case studies in the book, presents the work of North American Mennonites who have served as resources in the development of indigenous peacebuilding capacities. A list of all individuals formally interviewed is included at the conclusion of the chapter.