bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reoxidation of Reduced Peat Organic Matter by Dissolved Oxygen: Combined Laboratory Column‐Breakthrough Experiments and In‐Field Push‐Pull Tests
Authors: Obradović Nikola , Joshi Prachi , Arn Silvan , Aeppli Meret , Schroth Martin H. , Sander Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectron transfer to peat particulate organic matter (POM) as terminal electron acceptor (TEA) in anaerobic respiration has been hypothesized to lower methane emissions from peatlands by competitively suppressing methanogenesis and/or allowing for anaerobic oxidation of methane. We herein provide evidence for two critical aspects of this hypothesis: (a) peat POM is present in a reduced state in situ in the anoxic peat subsurface, and (b) reduced POM at the oxic‐anoxic interface in peat soils can be oxidized by dissolved oxygen (DO), restoring its TEA capacity. We reacted reduced POM from three ombrotrophic bogs in Sweden with DO in soil‐packed column‐breakthrough experiments (CBEs), mimicking oxidation reactions at the oxic‐anoxic interface. Breakthrough of DO was substantially retarded relative to the inert tracer bromide, consistent with DO reduction by POM. Control experiments confirmed abiotic DO reduction and excluded DO consumption through aerobic respiration. Modeling DO breakthrough revealed fast and slowly reacting POM moieties with reaction times spanning minutes to days. Complementary push‐pull tests (PPTs) in the anoxic subsurface of one bog confirmed results from laboratory CBEs: lower recoveries of injected DO compared with bromide supported DO reduction by reduced POM. Rates of reduction of injected DO decreased with increasing number of injections, consistent with continuous oxidation of reduced POM. Electron‐donating capacities of POM to DO in CBEs and PPTs were comparable at 40–130 μmol e−/g dry POM. Our results substantiate that POM is a regenerable TEA at oxic‐anoxic interfaces in peat soils and, thereby, may substantially lower CH4 emissions from peatlands.
Validation of the transplant conditioning intensity (TCI) index for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Spyridonidis Alexandros , Labopin Myriam , Gedde-Dahl Tobias , Ganser Arnold , Stelljes Matthias , Craddock Charles , Wagner-Drouet Eva Maria , Versluis Jurjen , Schroeder Thomas , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Wulf Gerald. G. , Dreger Peter , Olesen Gitte , Sengeloev Henrik , Kröger Nicolaus , Potter Victoria , Forcade Edouard , Passweg Jakob , de Latour Régis Peffault , Maertens Johan , Wilson Keith M. O. , Bourhis Jean Henri , Finke Juergen , Brissot Eolia , Bazarbachi Ali , Giebel Sebastian , Savani Bipin P. , Nagler Arnon , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe intensity of the conditioning regimen given before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) can vary substantially. To confirm the ability of the recently developed transplant conditioning intensity (TCI) score to stratify the preparative regimens of allo-HCT, we used an independent and contemporary patient cohort of 4060 transplant recipients with acute myeloid leukemia meeting inclusion criteria from the discovery study (allo-HCT in first complete remission, matched donor), but who were allografted in a more recent period (2018–2021) and were one decade older (55–75 years, median 63.4 years), we assigned them to a TCI category (low n = 1934, 48%; intermediate n = 1948, 48%, high n = 178, 4%) according to the calculated TCI score ([1–2], [2.5–3.5], [4–6], respectively), and examined the validity of the TCI category in predicting early non-relapse mortality (NRM), 2-year NRM and relapse (REL). In the unadjusted comparison, the TCI index provided a significant risk stratification for d100 and d180 NRM, NRM and REL risk. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for significant variables, there was an independent association of TCI with early NRM, NRM and REL. In summary, we confirm in contemporary treated patients that TCI reflects the conditioning regimen related morbidity and anti-leukemic efficacy satisfactorily and across other established prognostic factors.
Weight stigma among dental professionals and in the dental setting: a scoping review
Authors: Malik Zanab , Higgins Denise , Williams Kathryn , Cockrell Deborah , E. Collins Clare 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground Weight stigma refers to discriminatory acts and ideologies targeted towards individuals because of their body weight and/or size. Weight stigma in healthcare settings generates major health disparities. To date, there have been no previous reviews exploring the issue of weight stigma among dental professionals (DPs) and in the dental setting.Aims To synthesise current evidence on weight stigma among DPs and in dental care settings via a scoping review.Methods A comprehensive search was carried out across four relevant electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Psychinfo and Cinahl). A total of 25 full-text papers were included in the scoping review.Results Most papers addressed the subject of weight stigma as a secondary finding (20 papers). Both quantitative and qualitative study methods were used to explore weight stigma across the broad categories of attitudes and beliefs about obesity, weight-based discussions, obesity education and training and service implications of obesity. Recommendations regarding weight stigma among DPs and in the dental setting were proposed but have not been formally assessed.Conclusion Further studies addressing weight stigma in dental settings, including causes and consequences among DPs, are required to better inform and address this issue.
Green spectrofluorimetric quantification of aspirin, olmesartan, and metoprolol in spiked human plasma
Authors: Alqahtani Ali , Alqahtani Taha , Gahtani Reem M. , Ramzy Sherif 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLow dose aspirin is routinely taken with antihypertensive drugs such as olmesartan and metoprolol to avoid the cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with high blood pressure. The first spectrofluorimetric method for quantifying aspirin, olmesartan, and metoprolol in spiked human plasma is described here. The emission/excitation wavelengths of Aspirin, olmesartan, and metoprolol were 404 nm/290 nm, 372 nm/250 nm, and 302 nm/230 nm, respectively. The native fluorescence spectra of metoprolol do not overlap with those of aspirin or olmesartan, although the spectra of aspirin and olmesartan overlap. As a result, metoprolol could be measured directly in a mixture at 302 nm following excitation at 230 nm. Using synchronous fluorescence spectrometry at Δλ = 110 allowed for the determination of olmesartan at 364 nm with no interference from aspirin and metoprolol. Coupling the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry with second-order derivative allowed for the determination of aspirin at 426 nm with no interference from olmesartan and metoprolol. The suggested approach has been validated using ICH M10 criteria for bioanalytical method validation and was effectively utilized for quantification of tested medications in human plasma with reasonable accuracy and precision findings. Furthermore, using two greenness metrics, the Green Analytical Procedure Index and the Analytical GREEnness, the suggested method obtained a high greenness score.
Electrical stimulation mitigates muscle degradation shift in gene expressions during 12-h mechanical ventilation
Authors: Nakai Hideki , Hirata Yutaka , Furue Hidemasa , Oku Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVentilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD), a dysfunction of the diaphragm muscle caused by prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV), is an important factor that hinders successful weaning from ventilation. We evaluated the effects of electrical stimulation of the diaphragm muscle (pulsed current with off-time intervals) on genetic changes during 12 h of MV (E-V12). Rats were divided into four groups: control, 12-h MV, sham operation, and E-V12 groups. Transcriptome analysis using an RNA microarray revealed that 12-h MV caused upregulation of genes promoting muscle atrophy and downregulation of genes facilitating muscle synthesis, suggesting that 12-h MV is a reasonable method for establishing a VIDD rat model. Of the genes upregulated by 12-h MV, 18 genes were not affected by the sham operation but were downregulated by E-V12. These included genes related to catabolic processes, inflammatory cytokines, and skeletal muscle homeostasis. Of the genes downregulated by 12-h MV, 6 genes were not affected by the sham operation but were upregulated by E-V12. These included genes related to oxygen transport and mitochondrial respiration. These results suggested that 12-h MV shifted gene expression in the diaphragm muscle toward muscle degradation and that electrical stimulation counteracted this shift by suppressing catabolic processes and increasing mitochondrial respiration.
Gamma In Addition to Neutron Tomography (GIANT) at the NECTAR instrument
Authors: Kumar Richi , Sommer Lucas , Tremsin Anton S. , Losko Adrian S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe NECTAR instrument provides access to thermal and fast neutrons which are suitable for non-destructive inspection of large and dense objects. Scintillators are used in combination with a camera system for radiography and tomography. Gamma-rays are produced as inevitable by-products of the neutron production. Furthermore, these gamma-rays are highly directional due to their constraint to the same beam-line geometry and come with similar divergence as the neutrons. We demonstrate how these gamma-rays, previously treated as beam contamination can be used as a complementary probe. While difficult to shield, it is possible to utilize them by using gamma sensitive scintillator screens in place of the neutron sensitive scintillators, viewed by the same camera based detector system. The combination of multiple probes often provides complementary information that can result in a better contrast or insight into the sample composition, for a broader range of materials and applications. Hence dual-mode imaging, combining thermal/cold neutrons with X-ray imaging has been developed at many neutron facilities. With X-rays limited in penetration of dense materials to millimeters only, we present a multimodal imaging technique that is capable of penetrating cm-sized objects using thermal to fast neutrons with the addition of gamma-rays by changing the combination of scintillator and beam filter used at the NECTAR instrument.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric acute conjunctivitis disease trends
Authors: Lev Ari Omer , Hazan Itai , Moran-Gilad Jacob , Kerman Tomer , Tsumi Erez 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic notably influenced the transmission of infectious diseases across various age groups. In this study, we assessed its impact on pediatric acute conjunctivitis trends in southern Israel. We analyzed acute conjunctivitis diagnoses from 2017 to 2022, categorizing them into pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown intervals. A control group of non-infectious dermatologic conditions was included. Time-series analysis, adjusted for seasonality, was employed. Pre-lockdown data indicated steady conjunctivitis diagnoses, primarily in winter. Post-lockdown interval exhibited an added summer peak before the regular winter surge. The lockdown saw a 56% decline in diagnoses, most pronounced in younger ages. Post-lockdown observed a 7% overall drop with age-specific variations. The acute conjunctivitis IRR was 0.44 (95% CI 0.39–0.49) during lockdowns and 0.93 (95% CI 0.86–1.02) post-lockdowns. Control group IRRs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.89) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.96), respectively, with the 0–5 age range demonstrating significant disparities. Pediatric acute conjunctivitis in southern Israel decreased significantly during the pandemic. Post-lockdown patterns varied by age group. An unusual summer peak in cases was observed post-lockdown; this peak may be influenced by a combination of altered behaviors in the summer and possibly increased susceptibility to infection.
Biomechanics and finite element analysis of a novel plate designed for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures via the anterolateral approach
Authors: Zhang CongMing , Bai HuanAn , Ma Teng , Liu Lu , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun , Huang Qiang , Wang Qian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSurgical management of posterolateral tibial plateau (PLTP) fractures is challenging. One reason for this challenge is the lack of suitable internal fixation devices. Our aim was to introduce a novel plate via the anterolateral approach for managing PLTP fractures. The biomechanical testing and finite element analysis (FEA) were performed. PLTP fracture models were created using synthetic tibias (n = 10 within each group). These models were randomly assigned to three groups (groups A-C) and fixed with the lateral locking plate, the posterior buttress plate, and the novel plate, respectively. The vertical displacement of the posterolateral fragments was evaluated using biomechanical testing and FEA under axial loads of 250 N, 500 N, and 750 N. We also evaluated the stress distribution and maximum stress of each fracture model using FEA. Biomechanically, under the same loads of 250 N, 500 N, or 750 N, the vertical displacement was significantly different among the three fixation groups (p ≤ 0.001). FEA data indicated that the maximum displacement from group A to C was 3.58 mm, 3.23 mm, and 2.78 mm at 750 N, respectively. The maximum stress from group A to C was 220.88 MPa, 194.63 MPa, and 156.77 MPa in implants, and 62.02 MPa, 77.71 MPa, and 54.15 MPa in bones at 750 N, respectively. The general trends at 250 N and 500 N were consistent with those at 750 N. Based on our biomechanical and FEA results, the novel plate could be a good option for treating PLTP fractures. The novel plate showed stable and reliable features, indicating its suitability for further clinical application.
Rapid Survey of Mosquito Larvae Density with a History of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Alma Lucky Radita , Kumar Anindita , Nastiti Aqila Pakerti , Arahmi Herdina , Shafira Shalma Vinanda , Rohana Suni , Aditya Ronal Surya 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is attributed to a viral infection that is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly those belonging to the aedes aegypti species. dengue hemorrhagic fever is a communicable ailment that is disseminated via the bite of the aedes aegypti mosquito. to date dhf remains the most prevalent ailment afflicting the populace of indonesia. method: the type of research used is descriptive research using a quick survey.
Method: the sample was selected by random sampling technique with a total of 110 selected households with inclusion criteria for each household that has an air storage area and exclusion criteria, namely respondents who are not willing to be interviewed and observed. supervision was carried out using instruments from the ministry of health contained in the guidelines for collecting vector (mosquito).
Result: the present study reports on the findings of a larva survey conducted in 110 households located in the lowokwaru district of malang city. the results indicate that the house index score was 19.09, the breteau index was 20.90, and the container index was 13.85. additionally, the larvae-free number was found to be 0.80%, and the number 4 density category was observed.
Conclusion: the level of mosquito density in the area is moderate. the observed density of mosquitoes in the tulusrejo and jatimulyo sub-districts indicates a significant likelihood of transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf). it is imperative that individuals uphold and enhance proper phbs conduct in order to mitigate the likelihood of dhf transmission.
EMG Analysis During Static Balance in Chronic Ankle Instability,
Coper and Controls
Authors: Han Seunguk , Oh Minsub , Lee Hyunwook , Hopkins J. Ty 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) consistently display postural
control alterations, which may result from sensorimotor dysfunction. This study
aimed to compare muscle activity in the lower extremity and postural control
among individuals with CAI, copers and uninjured controls during a static
balance test. A total of 57 physically active participants were categorized into
three groups (CAI, copers and controls) and performed a single-leg balance test
with two visual conditions: eyes open and eyes closed. Muscle activity in six
lower extremity muscles and center of pressure (CoP) variables were recorded and
analyzed. Patients with CAI exhibited greater muscle activity in the medial
gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus compared to controls or copers, regardless of
the visual condition. Copers displayed increased gluteus medius activity
compared to controls. Additionally, all groups demonstrated increased muscle
activity and CoP variables when visual feedback was disrupted. These findings
suggest that patients with CAI may have less effective recruitment of motor
units during static balance. On the other hand, greater muscle activity in the
gluteus medius in copers may represent a coping mechanism to avoid further ankle
injuries. Further research on muscle activity during dynamic postural control is
warranted to explore sensorimotor alterations in patients with CAI.
About the Usage and Usability of Central Venous Catheters in Children
with TPN: the Parents’ Viewpoint
Authors: Tüshaus Ludger , Kelly Kathrin , Siebert Julia , Kohl-Sobania Martina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Medical devices are important components of medical care.
Therefore, they must be safe and useful for patients. This study aimed to
analyze the situation of children with central venous catheters (CVCs) for
long-term parenteral nutrition from the parents’ perspective with
respect to patient safety and usefulness.
Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using a
quantitative research approach, with a German patient support group for children
with chronic intestinal failure.
Results 61 responses were collected between November 202 and January 2021.
Concerning the usability of the CVCs, the caregivers assessed overall
satisfaction, patient safety, usability, learnability of handling,
“self-explanatory ability, “ and mental load. Furthermore,
various suggestions for improvements have been documented.
Conclusion Although CVCs can cause a variety of complications in the
context of long-term use, the usage for parents in everyday life is feasible.
Insufficient fixation and protection outside of the body have been identified as
unmet clinical needs. In addition to the underlying disease of chronic
intestinal failure, the catheter adds an extra mental burden to
families’ lives. Furthermore, parents articulated the need for further
information and training.
Looking through Providers' Eyes: Pain in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Borten Julia B.L. , Barros Marina C.M. , Silva Erica S. , Carlini Lucas P. , Balda Rita C.X. , Orsi Rafael N. , Heiderich Tatiany M. , Sanudo Adriana , Thomaz Carlos E. , Guinsburg Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Objective Evaluate the pain of critically ill newborns is a challenge because of the devices for cardiorespiratory support. This study aim to verify the adults' gaze when assessing the critically ill neonates' pain at bedside.
Study Design Cross-sectional study in which pediatricians, nursing technicians, and parents evaluated critically ill neonates' pain at bedside, for 20 seconds with eye-tracking glasses. At the end, they answered whether the neonate was in pain or not. Visual tracking outcomes: number and time of visual fixations in four areas of interest (AOI) (face, trunk, and upper [UL] and lower [LL] limbs) were compared between groups and according to pain perception (present/absent).
Results A total of 62 adults (21 pediatricians, 23 nursing technicians, 18 parents) evaluated 27 neonates (gestational age: 31.8 ± 4.4 weeks; birth weight: 1,645 ± 1,234 g). More adults fixed their gaze on the face (96.8%) and trunk (96.8%), followed by UL (74.2%) and LL (66.1%). Parents performed a greater number of fixations on the trunk than nursing technicians (11.0 vs. 5.5 vs. 6.0; p = 0.023). Controlled for visual tracking variables, each second of eye fixation in AOI (1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.42; p = 0.018) and UL (1.07; 95% CI: 1.03–1.10; p < 0.001) increased the chance of perceiving the presence of pain.
Conclusion Adults, when assessing at bedside critically ill newborns' pain, fixed their eyes mainly on the face and trunk. The time spent looking at the UL was associated with the perception of pain presence.
Key Points
The Development of the International Intestinal Failure Registry and an Overview of its Results
Authors: Avitzur Yaron , Pahl Eric , Venick Robert ,   and the International Intestinal Failure Registry
Published: November 2023

AbstractPediatric intestinal failure (IF) is a rare disease that represents an evolving field in pediatric gastroenterology and surgery. With only a limited number of multicenter collaborations, much of the research in pediatric IF is often confined to single-center reports with small sample sizes. This has resulted in challenges in data interpretation and left many knowledge gaps unanswered. Over the past two decades, five large multicenter collaborations, primarily from North America and Europe, have published their findings. Apart from one ongoing European adult and pediatric registry, these relatively large-scale efforts have been concluded.In 2018, the International Intestinal Failure Registry (IIFR) was initiated by the International Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Association to continue these efforts and answer some of the knowledge gaps in pediatric IF. The IIFR goals are to prospectively assess the natural history of children diagnosed with IF and creating a worldwide platform to facilitate benchmarking and evidence-based interventions in pediatric IF. A pilot phase involving 204 enrolled patients was initiated in 2018 to assess the feasibility of an international IF registry and refine the study protocol and data collection forms. Following the successful completion of this phase, the current phase of the IIFR was launched in 2021. As of May 2023, the registry includes 362 prospectively followed children from 26 centers worldwide. This review provides an overview of the development, structure, and challenges of the IIFR, as well as the main findings from both the pilot and current phase.
Current Strategies on the Enantioselective Synthesis of Modified Nucleosides
Authors: Pal Shantanu , Chandra Girish , Mondal Samir Kumar , Mahto Birkishore 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe isolation of two carbocyclic nucleosides, viz., neplanocin A and aristeromycin, from natural sources, triggered a revolution in the scientific community, leading to the development of more versatile and therapeutically useful compounds. For this purpose, many new methods for the synthesis of the carbocyclic framework of nucleosides have been developed. These efforts resulted in the successful development of many marketable drugs. The inherent benefits associated with carbocyclic nucleosides, such as higher lipophilicity and metabolic stability, resistance against glycosidic hydrolysis and the ability to modify aromatic bases by cellular phosphorylases, make them popular for the development of drugs against cancer and different viruses. Classically, carbocyclic nucleosides of various ring sizes and configurations have been synthesized starting from chiral pool substrates, such as ribose, glucose, etc., but recently, many other new asymmetric versions have been developed. Herein, we present recent developments on the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of nucleoside analogues, including carbocyclic and other varieties. This account provides new insights into the future development of modified nucleosides.1	Introduction2	Cyclic Nucleosides3	Acyclic Nucleosides4	Conclusion