bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact Possibility of Organic, Inorganic and Integrated Production Systems for Crop Productivity and Soil Fertility
Authors: Desai L. J. , Patel K. M. , Patel P. K. , Patel Vidhi K. , Gami J. K. 
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted from 2015-16 to 2021-22 at the Centre for Research on IFS, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the Impact possibility of organic, inorganic and integrated production systems for crop productivity and soil fertility. Crop sequence Groundnut- wheat-greengram recorded significantly highest groundnut equivalent yield (4886 kg/ha) with application of RDF + 10 t/ha FYM once in year, The percent increase in average of three cropping sequences was about 39.1 % in soil organic carbon, 4.1 % in soil available nitrogen, 1.6 % in available phosphorus, 7.2 % in available soil potash, 26.1% in Fe, 22% in Mn, 15.1% in Zn and 64.7% in Cu, while 9.9 % increase in soil water holding capacity and 2.1 % decrease in bulk density, highest microbial counts (bacteria, Actinomycetes and Fungi) under 100 % organic treatment over treatment of State recommendations + 10 FYM/ha once in a year.
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli from Fecal Samples of Cattle Farms Al-Buḥayrah Governorate Egypt
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed Sabry Abd Elraheam , Abutabeikh Samaa Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

Escherichia coli that produce the Shiga toxin (STEC) has become one of the most significant foodborne pathogens linked to serious illnesses. Our study was aimed to detect the existence, antimicrobial profiles, and virulence repertoire of different STEC serotypes from fecal samples of dairy cattle.
We collected 19 fecal samples (12 diarrheic and 7 non-diarrheic) from dairy cattle. E. coli isolation and identification were performed. Shiga toxins genes were detected and the antimicrobial resistance was investigated.
E. coli was detected at the rate of 13/19 (68.4%) from the fecal samples. The frequency of Stx2a represented 12/13 (92.3%), Stx2 represented 3/13 (23.14%), and Stx1d, Stx2f, Stx2g, and eae represented 2/13 (15.4%). While the virulence genes Stx1, Stx1c, Stx2c, Stx2d, Stx2e, and ehxA represented 0/13 (0%). The most effective antimicrobials were tulathithromycin 30 (53.84%) followed by ceftiofur 30 and marbofloxacin (46.16%), amikacin (15.38%), and the least resistance was recorded for nalidixic acid and oxytetracycline (7.70%). The resistant antibiotics with percentages reached to 100% were Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Ninezolid, Nitrofurantoin, Penicillin G, Streptomycin, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, followed by chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, oxytetracycline, and Tylosine (92.30%), Amikacin and Ampicillin (84.62%), Ceftiofur (23.07%), Marbofloxacin (15.38%) and Tulathithromycin 30 (7.70%).
The findings demonstrated that E. coli that are resistant to numerous groups of antimicrobials spread through feces and may pose a risk to human and animal health.
Post-Operative Range of Motion Exercises Performed Most Days at 50% Maximum ROM with Recupe Digital Health Improved ROM Recovery and Reduced Complications
Authors: Hui Timothy , Greene Hunter , Sasaura Paul , Subramanian Subu , Sharew Bereket Ayalneh , Woldebirhan Yordanos , Gorham Jamin 
Published: February 2024

Range of Motion (ROM) exercises are common after knee surgeries, but little has been researched about the actual amount of movement performed in active exercises at home. This was previously difficult to measure, as the patient was not in the office. But now, with wearables used during home exercises, Plethy Recupe, a digital health platform, was able to shed some light on whether full ROM is required for post-operative ROM exercises after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA).
This study involved 170 TKA patients performed by the same orthopedic group. Demographics, such as age, gender, and BMI, office visits, and physical therapy care were all similar. For patients using Recupe, exercises were performed and average of 4.84 days per week. Recupe used a mobile app to direct exercises, and a wearable to measure the ROM. The ROM performed by these patients during home exercises ranged from 46.9 (sd 19.3) degrees in the first two weeks post-op, to 50.6 (sd 23.0) degrees at 1 month post-op. Meanwhile, the maximum ROM, as measured by the orthopedist, rose from 114 (sd 10.76) degrees before surgery, to 120 (sd 9.08) degrees at 1 month post-op.
These are vastly different numbers, greater than 2 SD, and the home exercises show a great deal more variation. What is clear though is the fact that the patient did not bend their knees anywhere near the maximum range. Still, these patients experienced significantly better knee flexion recovery compared to patients at the same center who did not use Recupe, averaging 120 degrees versus 114 degrees. Also, patients using Recupe experienced significantly fewer Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) complications, 2% versus 5%. As the other variables were similar for patients using Recupe and those who did not, the likely cause for these differences was frequency of home exercise performance. However, there is not a measurement of the home exercise frequency for those patients not using digital health.
So, from this data, it appears that bending post-surgical knees to full range is not required for recovery. Instead, it appears that the key is exercise plan adherence, where the Recupe group performed exercises around 5 times per week.
Teachers’ Perceptions of ICT Use in Promoting Teaching Learning Processes and Its Outcomes at Senior Secondary Level in Mbeya Region, Tanzania: A Review
Authors: Minga Chrispin , Ghosh Saraswati 
Published: February 2024

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has led to a debate between teacher-centred and student-centred approaches to teaching and learning in academia. While some teachers view ICT positively and think it makes teaching and learning exercises easier, others view it negatively and think it replaces the traditional teacher-centred approach, making teaching and learning exercises more challenging as respect for the teachers are eroding because students are using current technology to solve issues rather than depending only on teachers. The present study aims to understand teachers’ perceptions of ICT use in promoting teaching-learning processes and its outcomes at the senior secondary level in the Mbeya region, Tanzania as a conveniently designed study area for the researcher. The study is based on related reviewed materials/information which was gathered from different secondary sources between July and December 2023.
Information was analysed and presented in a descriptive form for easy perception and understanding. It showed that the majority of teachers at’ senior secondary level used ICT to enhance their teaching effectiveness. At the same time, their perception focused on learning an aspect which was easy to grasp, deep understanding and long-lasting. It enhances the interaction between students and teachers and offers more imaginative answers to many learning queries in the teaching and learning process. The study recommends that educators should use a holistic strategy when thinking about how to integrate information and communication technology (ICT) to improve the teaching and learning process and embrace a culture of flexibility and lifelong learning to improve student comprehension and engagement.
Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Cavity of Medical Students at Shendi University, Sudan
Authors: Abdelgader Leila Mohamed A. , Habiballuh Ali Mohammed S. , Altoum Azam Zaher A. , Mahjaf Ghanem Mohammed , Hakim Nusaiba Abdelrahman M. , Altaher Tibyan Abd Almajed , Gorish Babbiker Mohammed Taher 
Published: February 2024

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming ever more prevalent in Sudan, and the proportion of MRSA to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) seems to be increasing. New strains of MRSA are ever-developing resistance to antibiotic treatment, increasing morbidity and mortality rate.
Objectives: To detect the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity of medical students at Shendi University and to detect variations of MRSA Colonization between student smokers and non-smoker students.
Methodology: 60 swabs were collected from medical students of Shendi University, culture, and direct gram stain were done, then the plates were examined for any significant bacterial growth. The isolated bacteria were then identified by colonial morphology, indirect gram stain, and biochemical tests.
Results: All data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Of these, 66.7 % (40/60) were males. 33.3% (20/60) were females. The isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus 24 (40%), with no growth 36 (60%). The study showed that the overall resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to Methicillin was 21 (35%) and 3 (5%) Sensitive to Methicillin. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cases were found in nine (100%) of the students who smoked and twelve (80%) of the students who did not smoke. Of the pupils who did not smoke, three (20%) had Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin Sensitive.
Conclusion: The carriage rate of S. aureus is consistent with similar studies. MRSA carriage in this university study appears high as compared to the general population. Although this study did not confirm a variety of risk factors for the carriage of MRSA previously identified by others, university healthcare personnel should be aware of the changing epidemiology of MRSA and the preventive measures needed to avoid outbreaks.
Pathologic prognostic factors for gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Ismail T. , Hallissey M. T. , Fielding J. W. L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNumerous clinicopathologic factors have been reported to have prognostic significance for gastrointestinal cancer. Many problems, however, confront the surgeon assessing the extent of disease and the clinical and molecular pathologist distinguishing differences in tumor differentiation, behavior, and defining important prognostic markers of cancer. This review assesses current pathologic prognostic variables of gastric and colorectal cancer that have been reported to influence survival.
pTNM and residual tumor classifications: Problems of assessment and prognostic significance
Authors: Hermanek Paul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe anatomic extent of tumor (TNM, pTNM) and, in case of treatment, the residual tumor status following treatment (residual tumor, or R classification) are the strongest predictors for outcome of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The results of the pTNM and the R classifications depend on the methods used. In particular, the pN classification correlates with the number of nodes examined. The findings of micrometastases or isolated tumor cells in bone marrow should be indicated, and such cases must be analyzed separately from other metastatic cases. The same applies to patients with positive cytology in ascites fluid or peritoneal washings without gross involvement of the peritoneum. For the R classification the additional descriptors (conv), for conventional methods used, and (soph), for sophisticated, are recommended to indicate the methods used for classification. In general, long‐term survival can be expected only after R0 resection (resection without residual tumor). The observed 5‐year survival after R0 resection is 15% to 40% for esophageal carcinoma. 40% to 75% for gastric carcinoma, and 55% to 60% for colorectal carcinoma; the respective figures for R1 and R2 resections are only about 5% each. In R1 and R2 cases prognosis is determined primarily by the absence or presence of distant metastases, and pT and pN are of minor significance. After R0 resection there is a wide spectrum of prognoses. Careful pTNM classification allows a good estimation of the prognosis and can be considered the gold standard for any analysis of treatment results.
External beam plus intraoperative irradiation for gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Gunderson Leonard L. , Nagorney David M. , Martenson James A. , Donohue John H. , Garton Gracila R. , Nelson Heidi , Fieck Jennifer 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAlthough useful palliation can often be achieved when external beam irradiation and chemotherapy are used to treat locally advanced gastrointestinal malignancies, local control and long‐term survival are infrequent in view of the limited tolerance of surrounding organs and tissues. In view of dose limitations of external beam irradiation, intraoperative irradiation (IORT) with electrons has been used as a supplement to external treatment in an attempt to improve the therapeutic ratio of local control versus complications. An IORT dose of 10 to 20 Gy has been combined with fractionated external beam doses of 45 to 55 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions in studies performed in the United States, Japan, Europe, and Scandinavian countries. In this paper the indications for and the results of aggressive combined techniques that include IORT are discussed. Results obtained with external beam techniques alone or with chemotherapy and resection are presented by site to demonstrate the need for higher doses of irradiation. When results from IORT series are compared to standard treatment with regard to disease control and survival, local control appears better with locally advanced colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer; and survival appears better with colorectal ± biliary cancers. With pancreatic cancer, improvements in local control do not translate into increased survival in view of the high incidence of subsequent liver and peritoneal failures. Implications for future strategies in all sites are discussed.
Multimodal treatment for squamous cell esophageal cancer
Authors: Fink U. , Stein H. J. , Wilke H. , Roder J. D. , Siewert J. R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPreoperative chemotherapy (CTx) and combination radiochemotherapy (RTx/CTx) in patients with squamous cell esophageal carcinoma has recently received increasing attention. Although several prospective randomized trials could not show any benefit of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with potentially resectable tumors, preoperative CTx and combination RTx/CTx appear to increase the resection rate, the rate of complete tumor resection, and survival time in patients with locally advanced tumors. Most available studies show that a survival benefit from multimodal therapy can be expected primarily in patients who have a complete histopathologic response to preoperative treatment (i.e., no viable tumor in the resected specimen). Preoperative RTx/CTx increases the response rate and improves local tumor control compared to preoperative CTx alone, but it is associated with substantial perioperative mortality and morbidity. Distant tumor recurrences are insufficiently controlled with current combined modality protocols. These data indicate that neoadjuvant therapy must be considered investigational in patients with potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma but may soon become standard in patients with locally advanced tumors. Research must focus on modalities that allow pretherapeutic identification of those patients who will respond to neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, more effective and less toxic preoperative therapy regimens are required to increase the response rates and combat systemic recurrences. Finally, randomized prospective studies are essential to assess the role, extent, and timing of surgical resection for the combined modality approach to patients with squamous cell esophageal carcinoma.
Multimodality treatment of cancer arising from Barrett's epithelium
Authors: Roth Jack A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAdenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's epithelium is seen with increasing frequency. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced cancer, and the overall survival is less than 15%. Therefore novel preventive and therapeutic strategies are needed. Molecular markers are being developed that may predict which patients with Barrett's will develop cancer. Combined modality therapy with chemotherapy and surgery has been studied extensively in clinical trials. Although the results of these studies suggest improved survival, definitive proof must awit completion of ongoing randomized trials. Surgical resection of adenocarcinoma provides restoration of swallowing and local tumor control with a low operative mortality.
Potentially resectable gastric carcinoma: Current approaches to staging and preoperative therapy
Authors: Ajani Jaffer A. , Mansfield Paul F. , Ota David M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe incidence of gastric carcinoma has declined worldwide during the past several decades, and yet this cancer remains the most common malignancy in several countries around the world, particularly Japan, Chile, and Costa Rica. Gastric carcinoma, although not as common in the United States as it was in the past, is still the eighth most frequent cause of cancer death. For patients with localized gastric carcinoma, surgery remains the most effective therapy, resulting in a consistent but low rate of cure. Unresectable gastric carcinoma is an incurable disease with the exception of a small fraction of patients who are salvaged with chemoradiotherapy. In Western countries curative resection rates have been dismal because of the lack of early diagnosis. Additionally, postoperative adjuvant strategies in the United States and Europe have been ineffective. Even patients with curative resection frequently develop intraperitoneal and systemic carcinoma in addition to locoregional relapses. Many investigators have therefore embarked on the therapeutic strategies of preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The preoperative chemotherapy strategy has particular appeal because of its potential to reduce the size of the primary tumor, thereby allowing a higher rate of curative resection; early systemic therapy of micrometastates might prove biologically more effective. To date, several studies using preoperative chemotherapy have demonstrated its feasibility. The effectiveness of repeated courses of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy remains unsettled mainly owing to the inadequacy of peritoneal drug distribution and the associated toxic effects. Additional investigations are necessary to improve preoperative staging with the use of endoscopic ultrasonography and laparoscopy (peritoneal staging). More effective preoperative chemotherapy combinations that might lead to 5% to 10% complete pathologic response in the presence of modest toxicity must be established prior to launching large‐scale trials. The impact of these novel strategies on resection rates, failure sites, and patients' survival can be determined only by carefully designed, controlled clinical trials.
Patient selection and treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal and appendiceal cancer
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractColorectal cancer is a disease process that disseminates through lymphatic channels, through hematogenous routes, and by invasion through the bowel wall. These mechanisms result in lymph node metastases, liver metastases, and peritoneal seeding. Although lymphatic and venous dissemination requires an invasive local process, peritoneal seeding may occur with both high grade and low grade malignancies. Cancer dissemination that causes liver and lymphatic metastases occurs prior to surgical resection of the primary colorectal cancer. Peritoneal seeding and seeding of the resection site (local recurrence) may also occur as a result of the surgical trauma that accompanies resection of the primary lesion. Leakage of malignant cells from transected lymphatic channels may be the mechanism of this intraoperative intraperitoneal cancer dissemination. To limit the progression of peritoneal seeding and to treat large volume, low grade intraabdominal tumor deposits, combinations of cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy have been successfully employed. Selection factors that correlate with long‐term benefit are (1) low grade of malignancy, (2) lack of lymph node or liver metastases, and (3) treatment of low volume disease. For patients with moderate or high grade colorectal cancer, only a low volume of disease can be treated successfully. For patients with low grade cancer, peritonectomy procedures are used to achieve minimal residual disease before initiating the intraperitoneal chemotherapy. In properly selected patients, peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal and appendiceal cancer is a treatable condition that may result in long‐term disease‐free survival.
Adjuvant therapy for patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Steele Glenn 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThere are now excellent data that patients with stage III colon cancer or stage II and III rectal cancer live longer if they receive, respectively, systemic or regional and systemic therapy after surgery. In addition, disease‐free survival, particularly freedom from the symptom of regional recurrence, in the high risk rectal cancer patient population has been markedly improved by application of multimodality treatment approaches. Newer prospective protocol testing variations in administration of systemic therapy, addition of 5‐fluorouracil modulation techniques that proved effective in advanced disease settings, and the combination of therapy attempting to decrease single treatment toxicities while maintaining an antitumor effect have been built on the initial dramatic successes of the past 20 years. This paper concisely summarizes the data that should allow a marked decrease in mortality and morbidity if applied uniformly to patients who remain at high risk for recurrence after surgery for their colon or rectal adenocarcinomas.
Intraportal chemotherapy for colorectal hepatic metastases
Authors: Laffer Urban Th. , Metzger Urs 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOne‐third of colorectal cancer patients suffer from liver metastases on initial diagnosis. Overt liver metastases appear to be the first site of relapse for 40% to 50% of the patients with operable disease. The fact that tumor cells can be discovered in the mesenteric blood during surgery may indicate that circulating tumor cells give rise to metastases. Experimental investigations have shown that metastatic tumors reaching a diameter of 5 to 7 mm are predominantly perfused by the arterial route, which explains the unsuccessful attempts to treat established liver metastases through the portal vein. However, because metastases in the liver presumably arise via blood flow through the portal vein, adjuvant intraportal chemotherapy might permit ready access of the drug to small liver deposits in a way that systemic chemotherapy might not. The interest in portal adjuvant cytotoxic liver infusion in radically resected colorectal cancer patients is based on an early publication by Taylor, who in 1979 reported on a significant reduction of the incidence of liver metastases in a group of patients randomly assigned to perioperative adjuvant portal infusion with 5‐fluorouracil. Based on these results, several groups initiated prospective randomized trials comparing intraportal infusion of various regimens to surgery alone. Results of most of these trials have been published during the last few years. All but one demonstrate improved overall survival and disease‐free survival and a reduction of the incidence of liver recurrences in the adjuvant‐treated patient group. Ongoing meta‐analyses of the randomized trial data may confirm this tendency soon.