bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐guided closed drainage for abscesses of the head and neck
Authors: Chang Kai‐Ping , Chen Yao‐Liang , Hao Sheng‐Po , Chen Shih‐Ming 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound‐guided percutaneous closed drainage in the management of abscesses in the head and neck.STUDY DESIGNProspective, controlled study.METHODSFrom January 1998 to December 1999, patients presenting with a unilocular abscess in the head and neck and who subsequently underwent echo‐guided percutaneous drainage were enrolled in the study.RESULTSFourteen patients were enrolled in the study. No patients needed open surgical drainage afterward. By our protocol, only 8 patients had an indwelling catheter. After treatment, all patients were cured of their disease completely without any complication.CONCLUSIONSUltrasound‐guided percutaneous closed drainage is a safe and effective procedure and might be most beneficial in well‐defined and/or unilocular abscess in the head and neck. Closed drainage could be tried initially in an abscess of the deeper visceral spaces and will not impede any subsequent intervention by surgery. Hospital stay can be shortened and potential surgical complications may be avoided by using this procedure.
Definitive management of severe facial trauma utilizing free tissue transfer
Authors: Futran Neal D. , Farwell D. Gregory , Smith Russell B. , Johnson Paul E. , Funk Gerry F. 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVESevere ballistic or avulsion injuries to the face create complex, composite defects. We report the results of an aggressive management algorithm to optimize facial form and function: (1) the initial encounter, (2) definitive reconstruction with vascularized tissue, and (3) aesthetic and prosthetic refinement.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective case series of 49 patients in 2 tertiary care institutions. Patients were evaluated for age, gender, mechanism of injury, anatomic subsites involved, surgical procedures, flaps utilized, complications, and functional outcomes.RESULTSForty defects were gunshot wounds, 9 resulted from major avulsive trauma. Involved sites included 13 oromandibular, 21 midface/upper face, and 15 combined sites; 54 free flaps were utilized, 21 were soft tissue and 33 contained bone. No flap failures occurred. Function and cosmesis were best in the oromandibular only group, and worst in the combined group with nasal and/or orbital tissue loss.CONCLUSIONTreatment of severe facial trauma requires early tissue debridement with bony repair and/or stenting to minimize scar contracture. Free tissue transfer techniques allow simultaneous reconstruction of the bony framework and overlying tissues. Multiple secondary procedures are frequently required for optimal aesthetic restoration. EBM rating: C.
Can electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones stimulate the vestibular organ?
Authors: Pau Hans Wilhelm , Sievert UWE , Eggert Siegfried , Wild Walter 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVESPulsating electromagnetic (EM) radiation emitted by mobile phones is often incriminated for causing tissue alterations by caloric effects. In particular, the eye and the ear were regarded as possible “hot spots,” with heating up to 1°C, in which EM radiation might have negative effects. If so, these temperature increments should be large enough to cause vestibular excitation. In this study, we attempted to verify this theory by clinical testing and in vitro experiments.METHODS AND MEASURESIn our laboratory, a simulated GSM signal (889.6 MHz/2.2 W) was applied to 1 ear at a time, while video nystagmography was performed. The experimental setup was similar to that used for caloric (hot and cold water) testing of the peripheral vestibular organ. Data were evaluated by a computer system. There were 13 volunteers (26 ears) included in our study. In an additional experiment, temperatures of human temporal bones were measured by thermography, while a continuous or pulsating EM field was applied.RESULTSIn no volunteer could EM radiation‐induced nystagmus be recorded. This corresponds well to our findings that in the human temporal bone very weak caloric effects could only be found in the tissue layers next to the radiation source (antenna of the mobile phone), whereas deeper regions (horizontal semicircular canal) seemed unaffected (at least less than 0.1°C).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThese results do not support the theory that mobile phone‐induced EM radiation may cause caloric negative effects in the human ear.
Volumetric tissue reduction in radiofrequency surgery of the tongue base
Authors: Stuck Boris A. , Köpke Julian , Hörmann Karl , Verse Thomas , Eckert Andreas , Bran Gregor , Dübre Christoph , Maurer Joachim T. 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVESRadiofrequency surgery is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of the tongue base in sleep‐disordered breathing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in upper airway anatomy induced by radiofrequency surgery with MRI.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING10 patients with sleep‐disordered breathing were treated with radiofrequency surgery at tongue base. MRI measurements were performed before and after surgery with the help of a recently published protocol.RESULTSThe mean total number of energy delivered per patient was 4750 ± 1641 Joule. Relevant changes could be observed neither for tongue volume or dimension nor for retrolingual space.CONCLUSIONSChanges in upper airway anatomy could not be demonstrated. The effects of radiofrequency surgery of the tongue base may more likely be a result of changes in upper airway collapsibility.SIGNIFICANCEFunctional effects of surgical interventions in sleep‐disordered breathing should be considered in addition to mechanistic concepts alone.
The effect of silence on tinnitus perception
Authors: Tucker Denise A. , Phillips Susan L. , Ruth Roger A. , Clayton Windy A. , Royster Eden , Todd Allison D. 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVEThe effect of sustained silence was studied on the emergence of tinnitus perception in 120 normal hearing young adult Caucasians and African Americans.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGAfter sitting in a sound booth for a period of 20 minutes, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire documenting whether they perceived sounds in the silent setting and descriptions of the sounds they heard.RESULTSTinnitus‐like sounds were perceived in 64% of listeners overall. No significant differences in tinnitus perception were observed between males and females. However, there was a significant difference in tinnitus perception between Caucasian and African American subjects, with tinnitus sounds emerging in sustained silence less frequently in African American listeners. Tinnitus emerged quickly in a majority of subjects (less than 4 minutes) and African American subjects who perceived tinnitus heard a greater number of individual tinnitus‐like sounds than did Caucasian subjects. Ring (57%), buzz (21%), pulse (22%), heartbeat (21%), and hum (14%) were the most common sounds heard, with ring being the most common overall tinnitus perception.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCEFew investigators have documented at the emergence of tinnitus in normal hearing subjects. Results of the current study found significant differences in tinnitus perception between Caucasian and African American subjects, but found no significant differences when comparing males and female subjects. EBM rating: C.
The Landscape of Sound in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: TOURNÈS LUDOVIC 
Published: January 2005

Alain Corbin, Les cloches de la terre. Paysage sonore et culture sensible dans les campagnes au XIXe siècle (Paris: Flammarion, 1994), 359 pp., €8.69 (pb), ISBN 2080814532.Glenn Watkins, Proof through the Night. Music and the Great War (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2003), 598 pp., $49.95 (hb), ISBN 0520231589.Jeffrey Jackson, Making Jazz French. Music and Modern Life in Interwar Paris (Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2003), 266 pp., $21.95 (pb), ISBN 0822331373.Bernard Gendron, Between Montmartre and the Mudd Club. Popular Music and the Avant-Garde (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 388 pp., $55.00 (hb), ISBN 0226287351.David Looseley, Popular Music in Contemporary France (Oxford and New York: Berg, 2003), 254 pp., $25.00 (pb), ISBN 1859736319.Though undoubtedly thriving, the history of music is still a somewhat peripheral area of research which many historians dismiss as secondary. For many years publication in the subject remained the domain of two kinds of researchers, either musicologists – ‘insiders’ au fait with the technical vocabulary – or sociologists and practitioners of ‘cultural studies’ – ‘outsiders’ chiefly interested in the reception of musical phenomena and their role in the constitution of individual and collective identities. This division has become very blurred over the last few years, which have seen the emergence of a number of works with an interdisciplinary approach. But for most historians the history of music remains a largely unfamiliar theme which they struggle to include in any global social or cultural analysis. This struggle is apparent at two levels: first, the difficulty of developing guidelines to the historicity of musical events and, second, the difficulty of escaping the chronology of classical music, which is predicated on a succession of styles and composers. Based on these two points, this article will attempt to develop, through a transverse reading of certain recent works, some working hypotheses centring on the notion of a ‘landscape of sound’ or paysage sonore, as proposed some ten years ago by Alain Corbin, a notion which, it seems to me, may make a valuable contribution to rejuvenating the history of music.
Metronomic low‐dose chemotherapy as antiangiogenic therapeutic strategy for cancer
Authors: Gille Jens , Spieth Konstanze , Kaufmann Roland 
Published: January 2005

SummaryNew blood vessel formation is essential for the growth and metastasis of many cancers. As a result, antitumor activities of various angiogenesis inhibitors have been intensely explored in various tumors. Recent preclinical studies suggest that certain conventional cytotoxic agents can function as antiangiogenic drugs when administered at comparatively low doses on a continuous or very frequent schedule. Such antiangiogenic ‘metronomic’ scheduling of chemotherapy without extended rest periods has been shown to exert significant therapeutic antitumor efficacy with very limited toxicity in different tumor models. Combining metronomic low‐dose chemotherapy regimens with specific angiogenesis inhibitors further increases efficacy. Based on the promising preclinical studies, it is anticipated that metronomic chemotherapy in combination with angiogenesis inhibitors will prove effective in clinical trials in terms of survival prolongation. While considerable progress may derive from larger randomized clinical studies, only joint efforts between basic and clinical research will ultimately advance the new paradigm of long‐term metronomic antiangiogenic chemotherapy, which carries the prospect of turning cancer into a more controllable chronic disease at minimal toxicity.
Skin diseases described in Japan 2004
Authors: Teraki Yuichi , Nishikawa Takeji 
Published: January 2005

SummaryDuring the last century of modern dermatology, more than 30 skin diseases have been described first by physicians from Japan. Many of those conditions were disorders of pigmentation and keratinization, which are quite common in Oriental patients. Since the late 1940s, a number of skin diseases first reported in Japan have gained attention internationally among them being Kimura disease, hypomelanosis of Ito, Kawasaki disease, adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, prurigo pigmentosa, and Ofuji's papuloerythroderma. In this article, we review skin diseases that were first established as distinct entities in Japan, in order to familiarize readers of the Western literature with these conditions.
EMPACT syndrome
Authors: Wöhrl Stefan , Loewe Robert , Pickl Winfried F. , Stingl Georg , Wagner Stephan N. 
Published: January 2005

Summary Background: Seizure prophylaxis with phenytoin is a common measure in oncologic patients with brain metastases. In these patients, generalized severe adverse drug reactions such as erythema multiforme (EEM) may occur. However, in a subgroup of patients with brain radiation therapy, EEM‐like lesions develop particularly in the radiation field. Most recently, the acronym EMPACT (Erythema Multiforme associated with Phenytoin And Cranial radiation Therapy) was proposed to specifically describe this syndrome. Patient/Method: Here, we report on EMPACT syndrome in a 46‐year‐old woman. Therapeutic measures included seizure prophylaxis with phenytoin and total brain radiation therapy of brain metastases from bronchial carcinoma. Three weeks after introduction of phenytoin, the patient presented with EEM‐like skin lesions restricted to the original radiation field and facial mucocutaneous involvement. After a few days, the rash spread to the upper part of the body. She was also in poor general condition. Results: The immediate cessation of phenytoin therapy, combined with administration of systemic corticosteroids and high dose immunoglobulins along with intensive local treatment and pain medications, resulted in complete resolution of the skin eruption. Patch testing to phenytoin was positive after 72 hours. Conclusion: EMPACT should be classified as an specific entity among the EEM‐like drug reactions as it only appears after radiotherapy and seizure prophylaxis with the anticonvulsant phenytoin. We propose including specific type IV‐sensitization to phenytoin into the definition of EMPACT.
Personality Correlates of Workplace Anti‐Social Behavior
Authors: Lee Kibeom , Ashton Michael C. , Shin Kang‐Hyun 
Published: January 2005

La relation entre le comportement antisocial au travail (ASB) et des traits de personnalité généraux a étéétudiée sur un échantillon composé de 267 salariés coréens. L’ASB au travail a été conceptualiséà partir de deux dimensions, l’ASB dirigée contre les individues (ASBI) et l’ASB dirigée contre l’organisation (ASBO). La personnalité a étéévaluée grâce au Big Five et à un sixième facteur ≪honnêteté‐humilité≫ (Ashton & Lee, 2001). Les analyses de régression multiple indiquèrent que l’honnêteté‐humilité et l’extraversion jouaient un rôle essentiel dans la prédiction de l’ASBI et de l’ASBO. De plus, Agreeablenessétait reliée à l’ASBI tandis que Conscientiousness l’était à l’ASBO. On parle aussi de la nécessité d’adopter un modèle optimal des traits de personnalité.The relationship between workplace Anti‐Social Behavior (ASB) and higher‐order personality traits was investigated using a sample of 267 Korean employees. Workplace ASB was conceptualized as having two dimensions: ASB directed against individuals (ASBI) and ASB directed against the organization (ASBO). Personality was assessed using adjective measures of the Big Five factors and of a sixth factor, Honesty‐Humility (Ashton & Lee, 2001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that Honesty‐Humility and Extraversion played prominent roles in predicting both ASBI and ASBO. Also, Agreeableness was related to ASBI, whereas Conscientiousness was related to ASBO. The importance of adopting an optimal framework of personality traits was discussed.
Stress in Academic Life: Work Characteristics as Predictors of Student Well‐being and Performance
Authors: Chambel Maria José , Curral Luís 
Published: January 2005

La relation entre les caractéristiques du travail, le bien‐être des étudiants et la performance a étéévaluée à partir du modèle de Karasck & Theorell ≪Travail, exigences, contrôle, soutien≫ (1990). Un échantillon d’étudiants portugais (N= 825) a répondu à un questionnaire comprenant des mesures du contrôle et des exigences du travail universitaire, du soutien des pairs, de la satisfaction relative à la vie universitaire, de l’anxiété/dépression et des résultats aux examens. Il apparut, comme dans d’aures contextes de travail, que la satisfaction des étudiants pour ce qui est de la vie universitaire, ainsi que les niveaux d’anxiété/dépression étaient fortement dépendants de leur perception des caractéristiques du travail. Les niveaux de satisfaction ont un effet direct sur la performance et agissent sur la relation entre la maîtrise du travail universitaire et la performance.The relationship between work characteristics, student well‐being and performance was assessed, based upon Karasek and Theorell's (1990) Job Demands–Control–Support model. A sample of Portuguese university students (N= 825) answered a questionnaire comprising measures of academic work demands and control, peer support, satisfaction with academic life, anxiety/depression and academic performance. Results suggested that, similar to other work contexts, student satisfaction with academic life and anxiety/depression levels are strongly dependent on their perceptions of work characteristics. Levels of satisfaction have a direct impact on student performance and mediate the relationship between academic work control and performance.
Market Structure, Efficiency and Rising Consolidation of the Banking Industry in the Euro Area
Authors: Kapopoulos Panayotis , Siokis Fotios 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFour factors are fundamentally altering the financial landscape in the Euro Area: deregulation, further disintermediation provoked by the common currency and common monetary policy, technological advances and increased competition from non‐bank intermediaries. Faced with the combined pressures of these factors, banks are devising strategies to do business in this new environment. They respond by attempting to improve their efficiency and/or market power through consolidation and balance sheet restructuring. This article examines whether the ongoing process of consolidation should be rationalized on the basis of the benefits of economies of scale and scope or to the attempt of banks to tackle excess capacity problems. Empirical findings reveal a significant effect of efficiency measures on banking profitability indices. Also, we argue that further disintermediation caused by common currency and common monetary policy poses a threat to banks' profitability. Finally, these results have some implications for merger and antitrust policy as well as for supervisory and regulatory practices.
Beliefs, Bailouts and Spread of Bank Panics
Authors: Vaugirard Victor 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article highlights the spread of bank panics across countries, as the public reassesses governments' propensity to bailouts. Policymakers decide whether to save collapsing banking systems by weighing social costs of crises against the costs associated with raising taxes to finance rescue packages. Policymakers know those social costs of bank liquidation whereas the public does not. In this setup, financial crises may result from the public's self‐fulfilling prophecies about equilibrium outcomes, as lenders' expectations impinge on the taxation cost of bailouts. It follows that a banking crisis in a country leads creditors to reexamine policymakers' willingness to bailouts in other countries, which eventually makes their banks more vulnerable to self‐confirming depositors' runs.
CBLBvariants in type 1 diabetes and their genetic interaction withCTLA4
Authors: Bergholdt Regine , Taxvig Camilla , Eising Stefanie , Nerup Jørn , Pociot Flemming 
Published: January 2005

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental components involved. Recent studies of an animal model of T1D, the Komeda diabetes-prone rat, have demonstrated that the Casitas-B-lineage lymphoma b (cblb) gene is a major susceptibility gene in the development of diabetes and other autoimmune features of this rat. As a result of the inhibitory role of Cbl-b in T cell costimulation, dysregulation of Cbl-b may also contribute to autoimmune diseases in man. Different isoforms of Cbl-b exist; we evaluated expression levels of two known transcript variants. Constitutive expression of both isoforms was demonstrated, as well as an increased expression, after cytokine exposure, of an isoform lacking exon 16, suggesting a possible role of this variant in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. We screened coding regions of the human CBLB gene for mutations in a panel of individuals affected with several autoimmune diseases. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. One SNP in exon 12 of the CBLB gene was significantly demonstrated to be associated to T1D in a large Danish T1D family material of 480 families. Evidence for common genetic factors underlying several autoimmune diseases has come from studies of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), which encodes another negatively regulatory molecule in the immune system. Gene-gene interactions probably play substantial roles in T1D susceptibility. We performed stratification of CBLB exon 12 SNP data, according to an established CTLA4 marker, CT60, and evidence for a genetic interaction between the CTLA4 and CBLB genes, involved in the same biological pathway of T cell receptor signaling, was observed.
Sleep-Related Nighttime Crying (Yonaki) in Japan: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Fukumizu Michio , Kaga Makiko , Kohyama Jun , Hayes Marie J. 
Published: January 2005

Objective. To examine factors associated with the phenomenon of yonaki, or sleep-related nighttime crying (SRNC), in Japanese childrenMethods. A cross-sectional design incorporating parental self-report was used to investigate relationships between developmental, psychologic, and constitutional/physiological factors in the incidence of SRNC. Participants were the parents of 170 infants, 174 toddlers, and 137 children at a well-infant clinic in Tokyo, Japan.Results. The lifetime incidence rates of SRNC were 18.8% (infants), 64.9% (toddlers), and 59.9% (children). At all ages, children were most likely to cosleep with their parents; however, infants with reported SRNC were found to cosleep more frequently, whereas infants without SRNC were more likely to sleep in separate, child-dedicated beds. Toddlers with frequent SRNC were more likely to have irregular bedtimes and to have nonparental day care than were those without SRNC. Preschoolers who typically slept 9.5 to 10.5 hours per night were less likely to report SRNC than were children with longer or shorter nighttime sleep durations. In all groups, children with frequent SRNC were more likely to suffer from chronic eczema, and toddlers and preschoolers with SRNC exhibited bruxism more frequently.Conclusions. The traditional Japanese arrangement of cosleeping represents an environment in which parents are readily accessible to children during waking episodes. Physical proximity to the parents in infancy, but not at other ages, is associated with SRNC. The higher incidence of bruxism, chronic eczema, and day care use among children with frequent SRNC supports the hypothesis that nighttime anxiety may promote SRNC.