bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aromaticity in the Electronic Ground and Lowest Triplet States of Molecules with Fused Thiophene Rings
Authors: Cummings Edward , Karadakov Peter B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnalysis of the variations of the off‐nucleus isotropic magnetic shielding, σiso(r), around thiophene, thienothiophenes, dithienothiophenes and sulflowers in their electronic ground (S0) and lowest triplet (T1) states reveals that some of the features of aromaticity and bonding in these molecules do not fit in with predictions based on the popular Hückel's and Baird's rules. Despite having 4n π electrons, the S0 states of the sulflowers are shown to be aromatic, due to the local aromaticities of the individual thiophene rings. To reduce its T1 antiaromaticity, the geometry of thiophene changes considerably between S0 and T1: In addition to losing planarity, the carbon‐carbon two ‘double’ and one ‘single’ bonds in S0 turn into two ‘single’ and one ‘double’ bonds in T1. Well‐defined Baird‐style aromaticity reversals are observed between the S0 and T1 states of only three of the twelve thiophene‐based compounds investigated in this work, in contrast, the sulflower with six thiophene rings which is weakly aromatic in S0 becomes more aromatic in T1. The results suggest that the change in aromaticity between the S0 and T1 states in longer chains of fused rings is likely to affect mostly the central ring (or the pair of central rings); rings sufficiently far away from the central ring(s) can retain aromatic character.
The anisotropic min‐max theory: Existence of anisotropic minimal and CMC surfaces
Authors: De Philippis Guido , De Rosa Antonio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe prove the existence of nontrivial closed surfaces with constant anisotropic mean curvature with respect to elliptic integrands in closed smooth –dimensional Riemannian manifolds. The constructed min‐max surfaces are smooth with at most one singular point. The constant anisotropic mean curvature can be fixed to be any real number. In particular, we partially solve a conjecture of Allard in dimension .
Hybrid energy storage system and its hardware‐in‐loop platform for 1500‐V metro DC power supply system based on voltage droop control
Authors: Lin Shili , Chen Cheng , Liang Gaoju , Zhang Xianyong , Li Sheng 
Published: December 2023

SummaryHybrid energy storage technology, which consists of lithium‐ion batteries (LiB) and super capacitors (SC), is an effective way to ensure the safety of power supply and realize energy saving in metro by reusing the braking power. Aiming at the optimal configuration and control of the metro hybrid energy storage system (HESS), an energy management strategy (EMS) based on dual DC/DC architecture and voltage droop method is proposed. And then the control parameters are adjusted in segments by combining the DC bus voltage and values of SOC of LiB and SC. What's more, a hardware‐in‐loop (HIL) simulation platform of Metro DC power supply system is built to verify the control strategy. The experimental results show that HESS could stabilize the metro voltage within a safe voltage of 580 V and achieve 100% braking energy recovery by optimal energy distribution between two different types of energy storage systems, which are only 79.9% and 39.2% in other single energy storage system by contrast. At the same time, the HIL simulation platform can be used to verify the control effect of different configuration capacities and different control strategies of the HESS, helping to provide the optimal solution of HESS for actual subway lines.
Advantage of magnifying narrow‐band imaging for the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia associated with sessile serrated lesions
Authors: Enomoto Yuri , Ishioka Mitsuaki , Chino Akiko , Kobayashi Hikari , Shimizu Ryo , Yasue Chihiro , Ide Daisuke , Igarashi Masahiro , Fujisaki Junko , Matsuda Takahisa , Igarashi Yoshinori , Saito Shoichi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to extract endoscopic findings for diagnosing colorectal neoplasia associated with sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), which are of significant interest.MethodsTo compare the magnifying narrow‐band imaging (NBI) findings with microscopic morphology, we classified SSLs into two groups: Group A SSLs included the majority of uniform SSLs and any dysplasia other than that classified as group B SSLs. Group B SSLs included SSLs with intramucosal and invasive carcinoma. We also quantitatively assessed visible vessels using ImageJ software.ResultsThis study included 47 patients with 50 group B SSLs who underwent endoscopic resection between 2012 and 2020. The results were retrospectively compared with those of 237 patients with 311 group A SSLs that underwent endoscopic resection. Using conventional white‐light endoscopy, significantly more group B SSLs had uneven shapes and some reddening compared to group A SSLs. The diagnostic odds ratios for group B SSLs were as follows: lesions with a diameter ≥10 mm, 9.76; uneven shape, 3.79; reddening, 15.46; and visible vessels with NBI, 11.32. Regarding visible vessels with NBI, the specificity and diagnostic accuracy for group B SSLs were 94.9% and 93.1%, respectively. The percentage of the vascular tonal area of NBI images was significantly larger for group B SSLs than for group A SSLs (3.97% vs. 0.29%; p < 0.01).ConclusionsSSLs with reddening and/or a diameter ≥10 mm are suspected to contain cancerous components. Moreover, visible vessels observed using magnifying NBI can serve as objective indicators for diagnosing SSLs with cancerous components with a high degree of accuracy.
Developmental validation of a custom‐designed Multi‐InDel panel: A five‐dye multiplex amplification system for challenging DNA samples
Authors: Lan Qiong , Cai Meiming , Xu Hui , Bai Xiaole , Shen Chunmei , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe continual investigation of novel genetic markers has yielded promising solutions for addressing the challenges encountered in forensic DNA analysis. In this study, we have introduced a custom‐designed panel capable of simultaneously amplifying 41 novel Multi‐insertion/deletion (Multi‐InDel) markers and an amelogenin locus using the capillary electrophoresis platform. Through a developmental validation study conducted in accordance with guidelines recommended by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods, we demonstrated that the new Multi‐InDel system exhibited the sensitivity to produce reliable genotyping profiles with as little as 62.5 pg of template DNA. Accurate and complete genotyping profiles could be obtained even in the presence of specific concentrations of PCR inhibitors. Furthermore, the maximum amplicon size for this system was limited to under 220 bp in the genotyping profile, resulting in its superior efficiency compared to commercially available short tandem repeat kits for both naturally and artificially degraded samples. In the context of mixed DNA analysis, the Multi‐InDel system was proved informative in the identification of two‐person DNA mixture, even when the template DNA of the minor contributor was as low as 50 pg. In conclusion, a series of performance evaluation studies have provided compelling evidence that the new Multi‐InDel system holds promise as a valuable tool for forensic DNA analysis.
Improving hydrodynamic injection in capillary electrophoresis by using the integral of pressure
Authors: da Costa Eric Tavares , do Lago Claudimir Lucio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA careful analysis of the typical devices and conditions used during hydrodynamic injection in capillary electrophoresis shows that the Hagen–Poiseuille model for the laminar flow is valid, even during the transitions of pressure. Therefore, the monitoring of pressure becomes a reliable approach to evaluate the effective injected volume, because the volume is proportional to the integral of pressure (IoP) over time. A piezoresistive sensor was used to monitor the air pressure at headspace of the sample vial. A set of 18 injections at 50 mbar and different times were used to evaluate the use of the normalization of the peak areas of the analytes by the IoP to compensate for imperfection during the injection. There was a significant decrease in relative standard deviation (RSD), and the proposed approach presented results similar to the use of internal standard. In addition, a microcontroller was used not only to monitor the pressure but also to command a peristaltic pump and a solenoid valve creating a system that dynamically controls the applied pressure and stops the injection when the desired value of IoP is reached. The system was used in a proof of concept in which different combinations of pressure and time were used: 10 mbar × 50 s, 25 mbar × 20 s, 50 mbar × 10 s, 125 mbar × 4 s, and 250 mbar × 2 s. Despite the constraints posed by the flowrates of the peristaltic pump and the solenoid valve, the microcontroller effectively conducted the injections across this extensive range of conditions, resulting in an IoP RSD of 2.7%.
Cold atmospheric plasma can effectively disinfect SARS‐CoV‐2 in the wastewater
Authors: Qin Hongbo , Qiu Hengju , Liu Ke , Hong Bixia , Liu Yuchen , Li Chun , Li Mengzhe , An Xiaoping , Song Lihua , Robert Eric , Tong Yigang , Fan Huahao , Wang Ruixue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 is currently pandemic and the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in wastewater is causing widespread concern. Herein, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is proposed as a novel wastewater disinfection technology that effectively inactivates SARS‐CoV‐2 transcription‐ and replication‐competent virus‐like particles, coronavirus GX_P2V, pseudotyped SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in a large volume of water within 180 s (inhibition rate > 99%). Further, CAP disinfection did not adversely affect the viability of various human cell lines. It is identified that CAP produced peroxynitrite (ONOO−), ozone (O3), superoxide anion radicals (O2−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the major active substances for coronavirus disinfection. Investigation of the mechanism showed that active substances not only reacted with the coronavirus spike protein and affected its infectivity, but also destroyed the nucleocapsid protein and genome, thus affecting virus replication. This method provides an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for the elimination of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses from wastewater.
Downturns and changes in the yield slope
Authors: Abbritti Mirko , Equiza Juan , Moreno Antonio , Trani Tommaso 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe show that the slope of the sovereign yield curve predicts future economic activity not only through its level but also through its changes (or differences) over time. Our results with US data show that the additional inclusion of the changes of the yield slope in the traditional regressions significantly increases the explanatory power of the yield curve. Through the yield slope decomposition, we find that positive changes in both the risk‐neutral spread and the term premium increase the likelihood of recession in the next 3 or 12 months. Estimated linear equations that directly forecast economic activity confirm the predictive power of both components in the medium run. These predictive equations also identify the term premium as the relevant component of yield slope changes for medium‐run (3–12 months) forecasts. Our out‐of‐sample exercises show that the empirical models including both the level and the differences of the slope perform better than the models including only the yield slope level.
Association of anticholinergic drug exposure with the risk of dementia among older adults in Japan: The LIFE Study
Authors: Okita Yuki , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Komukai Sho , Zha Ling , Komatsu Masayo , Narii Nobuhiro , Murata Fumiko , Megumi Maeda , Gon Yasufumi , Kimura Yasuyoshi , Kiyohara Kosuke , Sobue Tomotaka , Fukuda Haruhisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesSeveral studies have investigated that anticholinergic drugs cause cognitive impairment. However, the risk of dementia associated with anticholinergics has not been extensively investigated in the super‐aging society of Japan. We conducted this study to assess the association between anticholinergic drugs and the risk of dementia in older adults in Japan.MethodsThis nested case‐control study used data from the Longevity Improvement & Fair Evidence Study, which includes claim data in Japan from 2014 to 2020. We included 66,478 cases of diagnosed dementia and 328,919 matched controls aged ≥65 years, matched by age, sex, municipality, and cohort entry year. Primary exposure was the total cumulative anticholinergic drugs prescribed from cohort entry date to event date or matched index date, which was the total standardized daily doses for each patient, calculated by adding the total dose of different types of anticholinergic drugs in each prescription, divided by the World Health Organization‐defined daily dose values. Odds ratios for dementia associated with cumulative exposure to anticholinergic drugs were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) age at index date was 84.3 (6.9), and the percentage of women was 62.1%. From cohort entry date to event date or matched index date, 18.8% of the case patients and 13.7% of the controls were prescribed at least one anticholinergic drug. In the multivariable‐adjusted model, individuals with anticholinergic drugs prescribed had significantly higher odds of being diagnosed with dementia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.50 [95% confidence interval, 1.47–1.54]). Among specific types of anticholinergic drugs, a significant increase in risk was observed with the use of antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, antipsychotics, and bladder antimuscarinics in a fully multivariable‐adjusted model.ConclusionsSeveral types of anticholinergic drugs used by older adults in Japan are associated with an increased risk of dementia. These findings suggest that the underlying risks should be considered alongside the benefits of prescribing anticholinergic drugs to this population.
Determinants of psychosocial factors amongst the oldest old: Longitudinal evidence based on the representative “survey on quality of life and subjective well‐being of the very old in North Rhine‐Westphalia”
Authors: Hajek André , Gyasi Razak M. , Kretzler Benedikt , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere are few studies investigating the determinants of psychosocial outcomes using data exclusively from the oldest old; and even fewer that use longitudinal data. Thus, our aim was to explore the determinants of psychosocial factors (in terms of life satisfaction, loneliness, and depressive symptoms) amongst the oldest old (also stratified by sex) based on representative, longitudinal data from Germany.Methods/DesignData from “Survey on quality of life and subjective well‐being of the very old in North Rhine‐Westphalia (NRW80+)” were used. This study includes community‐dwelling and institutionalized individuals aged 80 years and above (n = 1760 observations in the analytical sample) located in North Rhine‐Westphalia (the most populous state in Germany). The mean age was 86.6 years (SD: 4.3 years). Established instruments were used to quantify life satisfaction, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. Linear FE regressions were used in this study to mitigate the challenge of unobserved heterogeneity. Sex‐stratified regressions were also conducted. Results: Regressions showed that the loss of a spouse was significantly associated with worsening psychosocial factors (in terms of increases in depressive symptoms and loneliness). Furthermore, regressions revealed that increases in functional impairment were significantly associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study enhanced our understanding of the factors contributing to poorer psychosocial outcomes among the oldest old. Efforts to avoid or postpone functional impairment may contribute to more favorable psychosocial outcomes. Moreover, our current study underlines the importance of spousal relationships for psychosocial outcomes in the oldest age group.
A configural context signal simultaneously but separably drives positioning and orientation of hippocampal place fields
Authors: Cheng Han Yin , Overington Dorothy W. , Jeffery Kate J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEffective self‐localization requires that the brain can resolve ambiguities in incoming sensory information arising from self‐similarities (symmetries) in the environment structure. We investigated how place cells use environmental cues to resolve the ambiguity of a rotationally symmetric environment, by recording from hippocampal CA1 in rats exploring a “2‐box.” This apparatus comprises two adjacent rectangular compartments, identical but with directionally opposed layouts (cue card at one end and central connecting doorway) and distinguished by their odor contexts (lemon vs. vanilla). Despite the structural and visual rotational symmetry of the boxes, no place cells rotated their place fields. The majority changed their firing fields (remapped) between boxes but some repeated them, maintaining a translational symmetry and thus adopting a relationship to the layout that was conditional on the odor. In general, the place field ensemble maintained a stable relationship to environment orientation as defined by the odors, but sometimes the whole ensemble rotated its firing en bloc, decoupling from the odor context cues. While the individual elements of these observations—odor remapping, place field repetition, ensemble rotation, and decoupling from context—have been reported in isolation, the combination in the one experiment is incompletely explained within current models. We redress this by proposing a model in which odor cues enter into a three‐way association with layout cues and head direction, creating a configural context signal that facilitates two separate processes: place field orientation and place field positioning. This configuration can subsequently still function in the absence of one of its components, explaining the ensemble decoupling from odor. We speculate that these interactions occur in retrosplenial cortex, because it has previously been implicated in context processing, and all the relevant signals converge here.
Synergistic effects of a carbon emissions trading scheme on carbon emissions and air pollution: The case of China
Authors: Li Chenggang , Jin Han , Tan Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Facing the dual pressures of the exacerbation of global climate change and the deterioration of the domestic environment caused by pollution, China has clearly adopted environmental regulatory measures to improve the climate environment. One measure is the carbon emissions trading scheme (CETS), which serves as a notable example of the country's efforts to improve the climate environment. We gathered panel data from 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2018 and used the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to empirically examine the synergistic effects of the CETS on carbon emissions and air pollution. The results indicate that CETS have been effective in reducing urban carbon emissions by approximately 9.8%. Additionally, the schemes have caused a simultaneous reduction in particulate matter (PM)2.5 emissions by 11.7% and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by approximately 9.7%, mitigating urban air pollution in China. It demonstrates that the scheme has significant synergistic effects on carbon emissions and air pollution. To achieve synergistic effects of CETS, effective measures include reducing energy intensity and upgrading the industrial structure. The implementation of CETS had heterogeneity in different conditions, and the synergistic effect of the scheme is more significant in eastern regions, large cities, and the final industrial stage. Our findings offer innovative solutions for the integrated management of carbon emissions and air pollution and provide valuable insights for policymakers to enhance China's CETS. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1112–1124. © 2023 SETAC
Key Points
The carbon emissions trading scheme (CETS) led not only to the significant reduction by approximately 9.8% in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but also effectively mitigated sulfur dioxide emissions by approximately 9.7% and particulate matter (PM)2.5 emissions by approximately 11.7%. This policy highlights the synergistic impact of reducing carbon emissions and air pollution. The effective emission reduction measures of CETS are focused on reducing energy intensity and upgrading industrial structure; the proper implementation of these measures can achieve significant synergistic emission reduction. Based on the heterogeneous analysis of the pilot scheme, the synergistic effects of the CETS are particularly significant in the eastern regions, large cities, and the final industrial stages.
Cancer cases attributable to modifiable lifestyle risk factors in Switzerland between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Jiang Xing , Pestoni Giulia , Vinci Linda , Suter Flurina , Lorez Matthias , Rohrmann Sabine , Karavasiloglou Nena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral modifiable lifestyle risk factors have been linked to higher cancer risk in the literature. Determining the proportion and number of cancer cases attributable to these risk factors is pivotal in informing effective cancer prevention and control plans that have the greatest effect on reducing cancer incidence. We aimed to estimate the proportion and number of incident cancer cases that were attributable to modifiable lifestyle risk factors (ie, tobacco smoking, high alcohol consumption, excess body weight, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet) in Switzerland between 2015 and 2019. The exposure prevalence of selected risk factors was estimated based on the representative national nutrition survey menuCH, the associated relative risks were obtained from systematic literature reviews and the numbers of incident cancer cases were provided by the National Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Registration. The fractions and numbers of attributable cases were calculated overall, by sex and by the three major language regions of Switzerland. The investigated modifiable risk factors combined were linked to 25.2% of potentially preventable incident cancer cases in Switzerland between 2015 and 2019. The proportion and numbers were slightly larger in males (28.4%, 6945 cases per year) than in females (21.9%, 4493 cases per year), and variations were observed between language regions. Tobacco smoking, excess body weight and high alcohol consumption were the leading contributors to lifestyle‐attributable cancer cases. The observed differences in the leading risk factors both within Switzerland and compared to other countries underline the need for regionally and nationally tailored cancer prevention and education strategies.
Guide to providing optimal nutrition to ewes throughout the year
Authors: Shaw Lorna , Phillips Kate 
Published: December 2023

Background: Nutrition is undoubtedly the single most important aspect of managing any sheep flock. Both performance and health are directly impacted by the nutritional status of the ewe; if nutrition is suboptimal this can lead to health being compromised and performance reduced. Many health challenges can be attributed to poor nutrition, with energy and protein deficits being the most common issues. Early recognition of suboptimal nutrition is an essential skill for maintaining the overall health and performance of the flock.Aim of the article: This article aims to upskill practitioners so that they can recognise the importance of optimal nutrition and the consequences of poor feeding, and provide them with the tools to work with their clients to improve flock performance through good management.