bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular profile of salivary gland tumors: discovering new targets for therapy
Authors: Ignatova A. V. , Alymov Yu.  V. , Romanov I.  S. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Due to variety of morphological subtypes and poor clinical response, comprehensive molecular profiling for salivary gland cancers become a part of treatment strategy for chemotherapy-resistant cases. Tumors of the salivary glands include more than 20 histological types distinguished by their biological characteristics, response to therapy, and prognosis. The search for specific therapeutically significant markers and mutations for various histological types of salivary gland tumors may allow the development of a diagnostic algorithm and improve patient treatment results.Aim. To search for therapeutically significant molecular and genetic targets and immunohistochemical markers in various histological types of malignant salivary gland tumors.Materials and methods. We analyzed data on 280 patients with unresectable recurrent and metastatic salivary gland cancer to identify the main characteristic therapeutically significant immunohistochemical (androgen receptor (AR), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2neu), epidermal growth factor receptor (EgfR), programmed cell death receptor 1 (pD-L1) (CpS), сD117, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (pR), pan-TRk) and molecular genetic targets (ALK, BRAF, ERBB2, KIT, MET, RET, ROS1, SMO, AR, HRAS, PIK3CA, PDGFRA, NTRK1-3) depending on the histological subtype of the tumor.Results. Based on the results obtained, in comparison with previous studies, a greater diversity of therapeutically significant mutations, fusions and immunohistochemical markers was revealed for various histological types of tumors. Interestingly, increased expression of AR was detected not only in salivary duct carcinoma, but also in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified, myoepithelial, mucoepidermoid, adenoid cystic, acinic cell, polymorphous adenocarcinomas. ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusions in addition to secretory carcinoma were detected in mucoepidermoid and salivary duct carcinomas. mutations and fusions in the RET gene have been identified in ductal and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, as well as adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified.Conclusion. The results of the study allow to expand the group of patients for molecular genetic and IHC testing in order to individualize therapy.
Laryngeal chondrosarcoma (clinical case)
Authors: Trubin D. V. , Kretova K. A. , Morozov D. V. , Shevchenko S. P. 
Published: January 2025

Laryngeal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that originates from cartilage tissue. The incidence of this pathology varies from 1 to 12 %. Only isolated clinical cases of laryngeal chondrosarcoma and observations of small groups of patients with this disease are described since statistical data on such rare types of tumors are often unavailable. Survival in this pathology may vary depending on various factors such as the stage of the disease the size of the tumor the presence of metastases the general condition of the patient and the effectiveness of treatment. Since laryngeal chondrosarcoma is a rare disease there is relatively little scientific data on prognosis and survival. The article presents a clinical case of diagnosis of treatment and primary chondrosarcoma of the larynx.
Assessment of the Association Between Clinical and Laboratory Parameters and Past Coronavirus Infection in Patients with Coronary Artery Restenosis
Authors: Batenova G. B. , Dedov E. I. , Orekhov A. Yu. , Dyussupov A. A. , Ygiyeva D. G. , Pivin M. R. , Manatova A. M. , Pivina L. M. 
Published: January 2025

Understanding the risk factors for coronary in-stent restenosis is particularly important in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Such patients require careful monitoring, priority treatment, and prevention.The aim of our study was to assess the association between clinical and laboratory parameters and previous coronavirus infection in patients with coronary artery restenosis.Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a continuous sample of patients with coronary artery disease who underwent repeated myocardial revascularization in the period from 2020 to 2023 (931 patients). 420 patients in the main group had coronary artery stent restenosis, of which 162 (38.5 %) had suffered from coronavirus infection (CVI). The control group included 511 patients with repeated myocardial revascularization without stent restenosis, of whom 107 (20.9 %) had undergone CVI. Laboratory tests included troponin I, D-dimer, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), serum creatinine and glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and fibrinogen, IgG and IgM antibodies to coronavirus and RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS version 20.0 software.Results: It was established that there were statistically significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies to coronavirus and C-reactive protein in the main study group compared to the control group. When dividing the study groups into subgroups of individuals with and without previous CVI, statistically significant differences in troponin levels were found (p<0.001): between the level in the group with restenosis and CVI compared to groups without restenosis with CVI, with restenosis without CVI, and in groups with revascularization without CVI and with restenosis without CVI. The levels of D-dimer, CPK, CPK-MB, CRP, and APTT had statistically significant differences in the groups with previous CVI compared to the groups without CVI. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated a statistically significant positive relationship in the study groups between the development of myocardial infarction and such indicators as CRP, blood glucose, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), previous CVI, as well as a negative relationship with left ventricular ejection fraction and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The role of these predictors in the development of myocardial infarction was confirmed using ROC analysis.Conclusion: The results of our study indicated a relationship between previous coronavirus infection and an increased risk of coronary artery restenosis in patients with previous myocardial revascularization.
Depression Self-Care Apps’ Characteristics and Applicability to Older Adults: Systematic Assessment
Authors: Yin Ruoyu , Rajappan Dakshayani , Martinengo Laura , Chan Frederick H F , Smith Helen , Griva Konstadina , Subramaniam Mythily , Tudor Car Lorainne 
Published: January 2025

Background
Depression affects 32% of older adults. Loneliness and social isolation are common risk factors for depression in older adults. Mobile apps can connect users and are also effective in depression management in the general population. However, older adults have specific needs in terms of the content of depression self-care interventions and their accessibility. It remains unknown whether existing apps for depression self-care are applicable to older adults.

Objective
The initial aim of this assessment was to systematically identify interactive depression self-care apps specifically designed for older adults. As we did not find any, we assessed the applicability of existing depression self-care apps to the needs of older adult users.

Methods
Using an established app assessment methodology, we searched for Android and iOS interactive mental health apps providing self-care for depression in English and Chinese in the 42Matters database, Chinese Android app stores, and the first 10 pages of Google and Baidu. We developed an assessment rubric based on extensive revision of the literature. The rubric consisted of the following sections: general characteristics of the apps (eg, developer, platform, and category), app content (eg, epidemiology and risk factors of depression in older adults, techniques to improve mood and well-being), and technical aspects (eg, accessibility, privacy and confidentiality, and engagement).

Results
We identified 23 apps (n=19, 82.6%, English and n=4, 17.4%, Chinese apps), with 5 (21.7%) iOS-only apps, 3 (13%) Android-only apps, and 15 (65.2%) apps on both platforms. None specifically targeted older adults with depression. All apps were designed by commercial companies and were free to download. Most of the apps incorporated cognitive behavior therapy, mood monitoring, or journaling. All but 3 (13%) apps had a privacy and confidentiality policy. In addition, 14 (60.9%) apps covered depression risk factors in older adults, and 3 (13%) apps delivered information about depression epidemiology in older adults via a chatbot. Furthermore, 17 (73.9%) apps mentioned other topics relevant to older adults, such as pain management, grief, loneliness, and social isolation. Around 30% (n=7) of the apps were supported by an online forum. Common accessibility issues included a lack of adaptations for users with visual or hearing impairments and incompatibility with larger font sizes in the phone settings.

Conclusions
There are no depression apps developed specifically for older adults. Available mobile apps have limited applicability to older adults in terms of their clinical and technical features. Depression self-care apps should aim to incorporate content relevant to older adults, such as grief and loss; include online communities; and improve accessibility to adapt to potential health impairments in older adults.
Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Evaluation Study
Authors: Wang Ying-Mei , Shen Hung-Wei , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chiang Shu-Chiung , Lin Ting-Guan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
OpenAI released versions ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 between 2022 and 2023. GPT-3.5 has demonstrated proficiency in various examinations, particularly the United States Medical Licensing Examination. However, GPT-4 has more advanced capabilities.

Objective
This study aims to examine the efficacy of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 within the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination and to ascertain their utility and potential application in clinical pharmacy and education.

Methods
The pharmacist examination in Taiwan consists of 2 stages: basic subjects and clinical subjects. In this study, exam questions were manually fed into the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models, and their responses were recorded; graphic-based questions were excluded. This study encompassed three steps: (1) determining the answering accuracy of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, (2) categorizing question types and observing differences in model performance across these categories, and (3) comparing model performance on calculation and situational questions. Microsoft Excel and R software were used for statistical analyses.

Results
GPT-4 achieved an accuracy rate of 72.9%, overshadowing GPT-3.5, which achieved 59.1% (P<.001). In the basic subjects category, GPT-4 significantly outperformed GPT-3.5 (73.4% vs 53.2%; P<.001). However, in clinical subjects, only minor differences in accuracy were observed. Specifically, GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5 in the calculation and situational questions.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that GPT-4 outperforms GPT-3.5 in the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination, particularly in basic subjects. While GPT-4 shows potential for use in clinical practice and pharmacy education, its limitations warrant caution. Future research should focus on refining prompts, improving model stability, integrating medical databases, and designing questions that better assess student competence and minimize guessing.
Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Postpartum Depression: Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Ren , Liu Yi , Zhang Zhiwei , Luo Rui , Lv Bin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health issue with significant impacts on mothers and families. Exploring reliable predictors is crucial for the early and accurate prediction of PPD, which remains challenging.

Objective
This study aimed to comprehensively collect variables from multiple aspects, develop and validate machine learning models to achieve precise prediction of PPD, and interpret the model to reveal clinical implications.

Methods
This study recruited pregnant women who delivered at the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University. Various variables were collected from electronic medical record data and screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty regression. Participants were divided into training (1358/2055, 66.1%) and validation (697/2055, 33.9%) sets by random sampling. Machine learning–based predictive models were developed in the training cohort. Models were validated in the validation cohort with receiver operating curve and decision curve analysis. Multiple model interpretation methods were implemented to explain the optimal model.

Results
We recruited 2055 participants in this study. The extreme gradient boosting model was the optimal predictive model with the area under the receiver operating curve of 0.849. Shapley Additive Explanation indicated that the most influential predictors of PPD were antepartum depression, lower fetal weight, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone, declined thyroid peroxidase antibodies, elevated serum ferritin, and older age.

Conclusions
This study developed and validated a machine learning–based predictive model for PPD. Several significant risk factors and how they impact the prediction of PPD were revealed. These findings provide new insights into the early screening of individuals with high risk for PPD, emphasizing the need for comprehensive screening approaches that include both physiological and psychological factors.
Insights From Diverse Perspectives on Social Media Messages to Inform Young Adults With Cancer About Clinical Trials: Focus Group Study
Authors: Beauchemin Melissa P , Walker Desiree , Rosen Allison , Frazer Maria , Eisenberger Meital , Khurana Rhea K , Bentlyewski Edward , Fedorko Victoria , Basch Corey H , Hillyer Grace C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Low rates of adolescent and young adult (YA; aged 15-39 y) clinical trial enrollment (CTE), particularly among underserved groups, have resulted in a lack of standardized cancer treatments and follow-up guidelines for this group that may limit improvement in cancer treatments and survival outcomes for YAs.

Objective
To understand and address unique barriers to CTE, we conducted focus groups to learn about informational, financial, and psychosocial needs of YAs surrounding CTE and identify strategies to address these barriers.

Methods
We conducted 5 focus groups in 2023 among a diverse sample of YA patients from across the United States. An interview guide was developed collaboratively with YA advocates. Specifically, informational needs, financial concerns, and psychosocial issues were explored, and participants were probed to suggest strategies, especially those that leverage technology, to address these barriers. Sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded using direct content analysis. Findings were synthesized through consensus discussions.

Results
We confirmed the previously proposed thematic barriers regarding YA CTE and identified 9 subthemes: awareness, lack of clear and accessible CTE information, fear of the unknown, assumptions about costs, insurance coverage, navigating financial responsibilities, clinical trial discussions, clinical trial misconceptions, and desire for a support network. Throughout, YAs mentioned needs that might be addressed through informational outreach leveraging digital technology, the internet, and social media.

Conclusions
This study expands knowledge of YA perceived barriers to CTE. These findings suggest that leveraging digital technology to disseminate reliable information to address needs may be an effective strategy to improve clinical trial participation in the YA population.
Psychological Violence at Work: Problems in Applying the Law in Lithuania
Authors: Leščinskaitė Aistė 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The recent Lithuanian Law of Labor Code of 28 July 20221 introduced into Lithuanian Labor Code the concept of “psychological violence.” The definitions of psychological violence under this law adopt quite a broad conception of the notion of psychological violence. The legislator has defined the scope where psychological violence is prohibited, as well as new ground for terminations of employment contract, and use of psychological violence. The recent amendments to the Labor Code also impose numerous obligations on employers to prevent psychological violence at work, which, together with the recommendations of the State Labor Inspectorate, have caused confusion not only in companies, institutions, and organizations, but also in the lives of their managers. The limited case law after the change in the legal framework shows that the legal framework is not working as it should and is not adequately interpreted to prevent psychological violence, and therefore deserves criticism.
Evaluating Data Science Tools: A Comparative Analysis of Platforms
Authors: Perţa Emanuelle I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study targets organizations in the data science domain seeking optimal platforms for their operations. It employs experimental research using the comparison method and mathematical modeling integrated into the Global Utility Method and TOPSIS Method. The aim is to create hierarchies of three prominent data science platforms: IBM Watson Studio, SAS – Advanced Analytics Software and Google Cloud AI Platform. The analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel. Various comparison criteria are meticulously applied to ensure mathematical correctness and comprehensiveness. The Data Science Platforms Conclusions, drawn from individual case studies, indicate that different methods yield similar results due to algorithmic variations and data sensitivity. Minor changes were observed in hierarchy positions, attributed to coefficient importance and method sensitivity. There is a necessity for multiple platforms to meet diverse organizational needs. Continuous development and innovation are crucial in this evolving field, where user preferences and technological advancements drive platform suitability.
Effect of Vipoxin (V. amm. meridionalis) and its components on neuromuscular transmission
Authors: Goranova Yana , Stoykova Silviya , Samnaliev Ivan , Atanasov Vasil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vipoxin is the main toxic component isolated from the venom of long-nosed viper Vipera ammodytes meridionalis, which population is widely distributed on the Bulgarian area. The neurotoxin consists of two subunits – unstable and toxic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and non-toxic acidic component without enzymatic activity (Vipoxin’s acidic components, VAC). In the current study, the action of neurotoxic complex was examined by neurophysiological in vivo experimental model on anaesthetized rats. Vipoxin produces neuromuscular blockade in a dose-dependent manner with non-depolarizing post-junctional site of action. It was found that isolated PLA2 displays significantly lower blocking activity in comparison with Vipoxin when both have been applied in equimolar concentration. That implies the stabilizing role of VAC and its significance for the toxicity of the whole complex. The Vipoxin-induced neuromuscular blockade is completely reversed when antivenom is administrated.
Effects of long term antiepileptic therapy on serum trace element levels in epileptic children
Authors: Kakkar Ashish Kumar , Gulati Sheffali , Sarangi Sudhir Chandra , Gupta Yogendra Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conventional anticonvulsants including valproate (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT) have been shown to influence the trace element homeostasis in patients with epilepsy. Even though the newer agents such as levetiracetam (LEV) are considerebetter tolerability profile, given the lack of long-term data this confidence is somewhat guarded. In this study, we evaluated the trace element profiles of epileptic children receiving conventional agents i.e., PHT and VPA and newer agent – LEV and compared them with healthy controls. The study groups based on drug treatment were as follows: Group-I (n=35) children received PHT, Group-II (n=30) received VPA, Group-III (n=27) were treated with VPA plus LEV while Group-IV (n=28) included healthy children. Serum levels of zinc, copper, selenium, strontium, magnesium, manganese, and iron were estimated using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). As compared to healthy controls, monotherapy with phenytoin was associated with increased serum levels of copper (1568.8 vs. 1053.6 ng/ml; p=0.002) as well as strontium (37.0 vs. 30.7 ng/ml; p=0.014). On the contrary, epileptic children treated with valproate monotherapy had decreased serum selenium (67.0 vs. 84.7 ng/ml; p=0.02) and zinc (1010.5 vs. 1242.9 ng/ml; p=0.003) concentrations. However, in the valproate plus levetiracetam therapy group, no significant alterations in the trace element status were observed. Our findings suggest a potential association between treatment with PHT and VPA and trace element changes in children diagnosed with epilepsy. However, newer agent LEV when used with VPA was not associated with these alterations. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to assess the impact of drug treatment on trace element homeostasis in epileptic children.
Naltrexone improves immune functions and spatial memory of ovariectomized rats with alcohol intake
Authors: Varadinova Miroslava G. , Boyadjieva Nadka I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Estrogen deficiency and excessive alcohol intake are associated with numerous adverse effects on immune functions and cognitive abilities. There is lots of evidence for the role of cytokines in the functions of the central nervous system like emotions, learning and memory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on IFN-γ serum levels and spatial memory of ovariectomized (OVX) rats with repeated alcohol intake. Female Wistar rats (200–200 g) were ovariectomized and randomly divided in four groups: 1 – “control” (physiological solution 1 ml/100 g p.o. for 4 weeks after OVX); 2 – “alcohol” (ethanol 30%, 1 ml/100 g, p.o. for 4 weeks after OVX); 3 – “alcohol+naltrexone” (ethanol 30%, 1 ml/100 g, p.o. for 4 weeks after OVX and naltrexone 2.5 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 weeks after OVX); 4 – “naltrexone” (naltrexone 2.5 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 weeks after OVX). Our results suggested a correlation between IFN-γ levels and learning and memory abilities of the experimental rats. Moreover, we demonstrated that naltrexone reduced the adverse effects of OVX and excessive ethanol on IFN-γ levels and cognitive performance. Our data suggest that naltrexone may have beneficial therapeutic effects on immunodeficiency and emotional and intellectual deficits in women with estrogen insufficiency and excessive alcohol intake.
Sodium and potassium nitrite-induced developmental genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster – effects in larval immune and brain stem cells
Authors: Ghosh Swapan Kumar , Chatterjee Tridip , Chakravarty Amit , Basak Ashim Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This present report reveals the important aspects of sodium and potassium nitrite-induced genotoxicity during the development of a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Dietary sodium nitrite at ≥20 mM concentration caused significant nuclear deformation of two important larval cells, namely hemocytes and neuroblasts, that play important roles in immunity as well as growth and metamorphosis of the fly. In contrast, potassium nitrite induced significant nuclear deformities only in hemocytes at 30 mM concentration. Due to the unavailability of any report regarding the developmental genotoxic effects of nitrite food preservatives in immune and neural stem cells, results of our study deserve special mention as these provide first evidences of genotoxicity in these cells of the developing Drosophila larvae by these food additives.