bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Vibrational Impacts on Tensile Strength in 3D Printing Materials
Authors: Zaidi Sohail , Viswanathan Vimal , Santosh K. C. , Ravada Shreyas , Vyas Ayati 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
3D printing, recognized as a cost-effective alternative to traditional manufacturing methods, has emerged as a mature technology with widespread industrial applications. The primary method employed by 3D printers, fused deposition modeling (FDM), involves melting thermoplastic materials layer by layer to achieve the desired shape. Commonly used materials in this process include PLA, ABS, and PETG, known for their favorable mechanical and thermal properties, though they often lack sufficient tensile strength. In this study, ASTM standard dogbones were fabricated with and without induced vibrations at frequencies of 2.4 Hz and 8.8 Hz. Visual inspection confirmed the spread of ejected material from the extruder across the surface, with observed material lumps and a pronounced curvy pattern, indicating increased bonding along the extruded lines. Porosity tests revealed a notable reduction in porosity with increasing vibration frequency and percentage infill factors. For instance, the reduction in porosity for PLA samples reached 84.85% as the vibration frequency increased from 2.4 to 8.8 Hz, marking a 32% improvement compared to samples printed without vibration. Similar trends were observed for ABS and PETG samples. Furthermore, the maximum load-bearing capacity of the samples was determined using an Instron tensile machine. Results showed a marginal dependency on vibration frequencies for all materials, whereas the infill factor emerged as the dominant factor influencing the samples’ strength.
Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of induced vibrations to enhance material properties in 3D printed specimens, particularly in terms of reduced porosity. However, the infill factor remains pivotal in determining the strength of the samples, suggesting avenues for further optimization in 3D printing processes.
High Fidelity Model of Pipe Bundle Coupling Mechanism in Nuclear Fusion Plant Remote Maintenance
Authors: Troise Mario , Ferrauto Martina , Gaidano Matteo , Melchiorre Matteo , Sorli Davide , Mauro Stefano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Periodically maintenance of Plasma-Facing Components (PFCs) are one of the critical issues in DEMOnstration (DEMO) reactor. The harsh environment of a fusion reactor dictates remote maintenance, which requires the development of new strategies and technologies. Indeed, a Service Joining System (SJS) for in-bore cutting and welding has been designed for PFC replacements. Therefore, strict alignment requirements between welding surfaces must be ensured. The alignment task involves a first phase of positioning during which the new pipes are brought close to their final position, and in the second phase a robot system ensures precise pipe coupling.
This paper presents the high-fidelity model of the Laser Bore Joint (LBJ), focusing on the pipe bundle coupling mechanism. The flexible elements of the LBJ have been described using both analytical and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The bellow stress-strain diagram has been obtained, which shows the effect of its anelasticity when the alignment force increases. Furthermore, the Lumped Parameter Model (LPM) of the bellow and their use in the LBJ multibody model are presented. Finally, the contact parameters and two different cuff designs of the LBJ are analyzed. The simulation results are shown and discussed.
VR-Based Blockchain-Enabled Data Visualization Framework for Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Saha Nitol , Samaha Philip , Harik Ramy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Smart manufacturing revolutionizes industry by integrating physical and cyber worlds, creating a robust cyberinfrastructure that collects, interprets, and acts on factory data. This transformation underscores the crucial role of data in adaptive manufacturing processes. Integrating Virtual Reality (VR) with smart manufacturing further enhances decision-making by immersing users in virtual environments, enabling stakeholders to visualize and interact with complex processes. However, this shift necessitates stringent data security, as breaches can disrupt operations and compromise sensitive information. To mitigate this risk, blockchain technology is employed, providing a secure data repository that prevents unauthorized access. The convergence of VR and blockchain helps manufacturers navigate production complexities using safeguarded data. This research proposes a blockchain-based data visualization framework integrated with VR to gain manufacturing insights. Implemented at the Future Factories Lab at the University of South Carolina, the system enhances understanding, analysis, and decision-making by immersing users in a VR environment that presents manufacturing data stored on blockchain in an interactive form. Hyperledger Fabric establishes a blockchain network that records data from sensors deployed on controllers and actuators. When anomalies occur, relevant data is securely recorded on the blockchain. Data is accessed through “GET” API requests. A VR application, developed using the Unity game engine, visualizes the retrieved data through the Meta Quest 3 VR device. The application includes scripts to query blockchain data and convert JSON objects to text for VR visualization. This system leverages blockchain and VR to provide secure, immersive insights, enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and resilience in the modern manufacturing workplace.
Insight on the Diagnostics of Two Degrees of Freedom Planetary Gearboxes
Authors: Grosso Pasquale , Fonte Cosimo , Rubini Riccardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Planetary gearbox diagnostics is a topic of strong technical interest, given their wide use in several industrial applications. Among the established methodologies, vibration analysis plays a cardinal role, whereas in general “Time Synchronous Average” (TSA) represents one of the largely adopted signal processing technique, since its effectiveness. The method, in its original conception, works in the case of fixed vibration transfer paths from the source to the measurement point, therefore an application to the planetary gears, where the vibration transfer path is subject to variation, is still possible, but it requires a signal long enough in order to contemplate the periodicities of the system. Aim of the present work, is to propose a simple and efficient method, able to overcome this drawback, by adopting an “ordinary” TSA performed on the properly resampled vibration signal. Finally, the capability of this technique in detecting fault is assessed on the basis of experimental data making a comparison between the well-established but onerous method and the present one.
A Deep Convolutional Neural Network Approach to Automate Drilling Tool Lateral Motion Video Interpretation
Authors: Song Fei , Li Ke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mitigating the risks associated with the effect of whirl on measurement quality and health of the drilling tools requires a solid understanding of drilling tool lateral motion dynamics. A full-scale roll test system (i.e., a tubular assembly rolling along the inner wall of an impact ring while being spun with a drive motor), which intends to mimic lateral dynamics that the tool could undergo while drilling in a controlled laboratory environment, is believed to be the closest to the real drilling exercises. This study is concerned with leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to advance the results interpretation of such roll test system that is instrumented with accelerometers and high-speed cameras. Specifically, deep convolutional neural network models using transfer learning are developed to automate detection of rolling shock impacts based on the digital images collected from the recorded slow-motion video. The developed model is trained and validated with the video data recorded at one rotational speed. The robustness of the developed model is finally tested and evaluated on the unseen video dataset, which describe drilling tool whirl dynamics at different rotational speeds. High F1 Score about 0.9 is achieved for the selected model with hyperparameter-tuning and fine-tuning techniques. The developed AI model expects to play a vital role in the modernization of the roll test system development for downhole drilling tools, and reducing cost, time and risks in new product development and validation and verification.
Correlating Titanium Powder Manufacturing Methods and Resultant Particle Morphologies to Microstructural Properties, Particle Flight and Impact Velocity, and Bonding and Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Anumandla Pranav , Pfeiff Carlos , Müftü Sinan , Garboczi Edward J. , Moser Newell H. , Cook Rachel E. , Derimow Nicholas A. , Ozdemir Ozan Cagatay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Unlike high temperature thermal spray processes and metal additive manufacturing methods that require extensive heat treatment, native particle microstructural properties in the feedstock powder have been shown to dictate the final thermomechanical properties of as-deposited cold spray (CS) products (i.e., coatings, repairs, free standing parts) in the literature. Recently, particle shape has also been shown to have a significant influence on particle flight and impact velocity, which is the primary control parameter for material deposition. Thus, powder feedstock thermomechanical properties and size and shape distributions need to be coupled with CS process conditions to understand the direct influence of particle shape on bonding and the significance of the parameter for quality control as CS becomes commercialized in a wider spectrum of industrial applications. Thus, in this study, bonding and deposition characteristics of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) powders were correlated with their size, shape, and native microstructural properties and their impact velocity and temperature. Gas atomized (mostly spherical), chemically reduced (sponge granules), and chemically reduced and crushed (dense and irregular) powders are characterized for their size, shape, and microstructural properties using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser diffraction particle size analysis (LPA), X-Ray computed tomography (XCT), and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) methods. Shadow image particle velocimetry is used for characterizing and dialing CS process parameters for producing single particle splats and thick deposits. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used for predicting size and shape dependent particle impact velocity difficult to gather using experimental methods. Resultant microstructural properties within particles and bonding interfaces were studied using optical microscopy, SEM, and EBSD. Furthermore, the final mechanical properties were investigated through transient through hardness and uniaxial tensile strength measurements. Results show that shape is a very influential factor for impact velocity, bonding, and buildup.
Developing Hands-On Class Activities to Enhance Systems-Thinking and Systems-Engineering Course Material
Authors: Birrenkott Cassandra M. , Lande Micah , Benes Hannah L. , Muci-Küchler Karim H. , Bedillion Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As engineering graduates are expected to participate in the design of ever-increasingly complex systems, traditional engineering education must adapt to include concepts of systems thinking and systems engineering. This paper highlights the progress of one such effort to weave systems thinking and systems engineering topics into an Introduction to Mechanical Engineering course across three institutions. This is part of a broader, multi-institution effort to use a flipped classroom model, to develop online learning content, and create hands-on activities, meant to complement and be used in tandem with the online learning platform. These activities aim to make systems thinking and systems engineering topics more concrete and tangible for first-year students, fostering engagement and excitement for the mechanical engineering major and field.
Properties of 3D Printing Resins for Humanoid Robot Application
Authors: Van Milligen James , Sutherland Merel , Michels William , Radhakrishnan Pradeep 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stereolithography (SLA) printers can create high quality complex parts at rapid rates through laser curing process. A wide range of materials can be used in this printing technique to produce parts for different applications. One such application is humanoid robots where high strength is needed to withstand the large forces and torques experienced during standing and walking. Some parts of the robot will also need high toughness to protect against impact loading. For the past three years, students at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) have been working on developing a low-cost fully 3D printed humanoid robot based on the Poppy Project. Tests, such as standing and walking, have shown structural weakness in the 3D resin-printed components. This necessitated deeper investigations into the materials used for 3D printing parts for such humanoid robot applications. Various low-cost engineering resins were tested on low-cost SLA printers. For each resin, multiple dogbone tensile test specimens were printed at the settings recommended by the manufacturer. A tensile test was completed using a machine capable of applying up to 2.5kN load and specifically tuned for softer materials and plastics. The paper will describe the need, process of testing, results and the key takeaways.
Dynamic Modelling of a Controlled Orthotropic Plate: Analytic and Data-Driven Approaches in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Zuyev Alexander , Pellicano Francesco , Zippo Antonio , Iarriccio Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the mathematical modelling of a vibrating orthotropic plate equipped with a laminated piezosensor, under the influence of a lumped force actuation. We employ the Kirchhoff plate theory to derive the corresponding partial differential equation, assuming free boundary conditions. Analytical solutions for this boundary value problem are explored in the form of series expansions, using products of Krylov functions. Utilizing Galerkin’s method, this mathematical model is transformed into an infinite-dimensional control system characterized by modal coordinates. The transfer function of such a system is explicitly evaluated in the single-input single-output case. The computation of coefficients for finite-dimensional approximate systems is formalized in an algorithm with an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom. Our numerical study confirms that the modeled input-output behavior shows acceptable agreement over the given frequency range.
One Program’s Response to a Pilot Accreditation Criteria Concerning Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Hamel Josh , Shuman Teodora R. , Kuder Katherine , Han Yen-Lin , Cook Kathleen E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
During the 2023–2024 accreditation cycle, the Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology asked programs to voluntarily submit optional supplemental pilot reports to show how the program complies with the proposed additional language for ABET’s Criterion 5 (Curriculum) and Criterion 6 (Faculty). The Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering program at Seattle University agreed to participate in the optional ABET program pilot report based on the department’s ongoing work related to diversity, equity, and inclusion accomplished under a National Science Foundation Revolutionizing Engineering and Computer Science Departments grant. This grant was awarded in 2017 to support the development of a culture that fosters students’ engineering identities within the Mechanical Engineering Department at Seattle University. Over the course of the recently concluded grant project, an “engineering with engineers” culture was built by strengthening the connection to local industry partners and through intentional changes in the shared vision of the department, faculty work practices, program curriculum, and student support activities. Fostering an inclusive and welcoming environment for a diverse group of future engineers, particularly women and underrepresented minorities, was at the heart of the department’s RED project. Due to the department’s specific focus on these critical DEI issues over the last several years, the decision was made to participate in the optional DEI pilot criteria as a part of the ABET Self Study Report submitted in the spring of 2023 as well as part of the dissemination plan associated with the grant project. This paper briefly documents the mechanisms through which DEI became integral to the vision, practices, and policies of the department through the RED project, with a specific focus on how the program approached the pilot DEI criteria as proposed by the ABET.
Biorobotic Actuator Selection Space Mapping
Authors: Hanna Pavlos , Carmichael Marc , Clemon Lee 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Actuator selection is critical in the design of human compatible robotics, such as prosthetics, exoskeletons, and humanoids. Each has its own set of parameters, from output specifications to package sizing and applicable environmental conditions. A multitude of design factors must be considered in selection, some are dictated by performance relations, while other engineering decisions are latent and unobserved. In biorobotic design, weight is often a key trade-off parameter with actuator performance. We analyze a database of over 1900 motors that are of relevant size for biorobotic designs to identify underlying trends that affect selection options. Selected motors range from 0.000013Nm to 3.66Nm in torque and 0.0016kg to 5.67kg in weight. We then generate Ashby-style charts to evaluate trends across motor selection dimensions. We find a wide disparity between manufacturers and where their actuators are specialized. The results provide a means for rapidly narrowing the selection space for designers, which is shown through an example application and reduces design time and improves the actuator selection.
Numerical Investigation of Wave Dynamics During Mode Transition in a Hydrogen-Fueled Rotating Detonation Engine Combustor
Authors: Hasti Veeraraghava Raju , Ranjan Reetesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present results from the numerical investigation of mode transition with associated wave dynamics in a practical rotating detonation engine (RDE) combustor. The computational setup follows a past experimental study of an RDE combustor, which utilizes hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidizer. We consider a configuration at the global equivalence ratio, ϕ = 1, which exhibits the presence of a single detonation front propagating in a cyclic manner in the annular combustion chamber. After establishing the single wave mode, we alter the mass flow rates of fuel and oxidizer ensuring the same value of ϕ. The simulation was able to capture the wave mode transition from a sustained single detonation wave structure to a double co-rotating detonation wave structure in good agreement with experiments. The transition occurs due to inhomogeneities of fuel/air mixing and a nonlinear interaction of thermo-chemical variables with the propagating waves in the chamber. We analyzed the behavior of pressure, heat-release rate, and other thermo-chemical quantities during the wave mode transition, which shows the effects of fuel/air mixing leading to the presence of deflagration mode of burning apart from the cyclic propagation of the detonation fronts.
Design of a Novel Thermal Energy Storage Residential Cooking Stove
Authors: Dickinson Gavin , Relken Christopher , Fernandez-Aballi Carlos , Oshman Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our team is presenting a novel solution integrates thermal energy storage (TES) into household ovens and stoves, minimizing electricity consumption during peak hours in the United States. We created a full CAD model of the stove design that stores 494 kWh of thermal energy from renewable energy sources during the day in an aluminum-silicon alloy thermal mass, acting as a phase change material (PCM). A thermosyphon-based thermal valve selectively extracts stored thermal energy from the TES via heat pipes using sodium as the working fluid. A thermal resistance model of the thermal valve shows heat efficiently delivered from the TES to the stove top. This system provides 56.7 kW of heat transfer to the stove top, in its “on” state. The heat transfer of the stove during its “off” state transfers 6 W. Nichrome burners embedded in the PCM take in electricity from renewable sources to heat the Al/Si PCM. The system ensures safety with features such as a thermally insulated steel casing and a pressure relief valve in the PCM, thermal valve, and heat pipe vessels. This innovation offers promise for decarbonizing residential homes in the U.S. by reducing CO2 production by approximately 57 megatons, not including the CO2 produced to create the stove.
Influence of Fuel Temperature on Performance and Emissions of Water-Emulsified Diesel Fuel
Authors: Oliveira Pedro , Brójo Francisco , Domingues Rafael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Water-in-diesel emulsions (WiDE) are an alternative fuel to be used in diesel engines capable of offering the benefits of higher engine efficiency and lesser pollutant emissions. This work aims to show how differences in WiDE fuel temperatures may impact its combustion properties and how they translate into different performances and emissions. An emulsion composed of diesel, 8% (m/m) of distilled water, and 3% (m/m) surfactant was performed in laboratory by mechanical homogenization and tested in a single-cylinder Hatz 1B40 Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer, an emission gas analyzer, and an opacimeter. The tests were performed for the fuel temperatures of 40°C and 50°C, and at 75% of the maximum considered engine load at four different speeds. The results show that higher emulsion temperatures lead to lower NO emissions, higher CO emissions, and decreased thermal efficiency.
Modeling and Control of an Innovative Soft Robotic Ultrasound System
Authors: Sellers Stephan , Magee Kyra , Gharaie Saleh , Ashuri Turaj , Amiri Moghadam Amir Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper aims to develop a framework for modeling and control of a novel ultrasound robotic system. In this study, our focus will be on modeling, controlling, and characterizing this system. To model this robot, we will employ the method of rigid finite elements to accurately capture the nonlinear large deformations of the soft robot. Using this technique, we will discretize the structure of the robot into a series of rigid elements connected by rotary springs. The stiffness of these springs can be determined experimentally by utilizing a force sensor. For position control, we will implement a PID controller and utilize an electromagnetic position sensor to gather data on the end-effector position. We will use serial communication and microcontroller to communicate between the robot, computer, and sensors. The PID gains will be adjusted experimentally through trial-and-error method and the performance of the controller will be tested in tracking of different trajectories.