bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEMBANGUN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MENJALANKAN KONSTITUSI
Authors: Nae Naya , Manurung Fitriani 
Published: November 2023

Kesadaran berkonstitusi sangat ditentukan oleh pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang isi konstitusi. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pentingnya menjalankan konstitusi dalam bermasyarakat, serta membangun kesadaran masyarakat menjalankan konstitusi melalui pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka yaitu mengumpulkan data atau suatu karya tulis ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian masih terdapat masyarakat yang belum menjalankan konstitusi secara sadar dan bijaksana. Sehingga terdapat beberapa permasalahan hukum yang belum memberikan kepuasan bagi para pencari keadilan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bagaimana kesadaran masyarakat dalam membangun dan menjalankan konstitusi. Oleh karenanya penguatan kesadaran berkonstitusi diterapkan agar perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak tiap-tiap warga negara harus terlaksanakan dengan sungguh-sungguh di setiap sendi kehidupan masyarakat dan negara.

Kata Kunci: Pelaksanaan Konstitusi, Kesadaran Berkonstitusi, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Mewujudkan Masyarakat Demokratis Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Authors: Putri Amanda Fadilla  , Satriyadi  
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam membentuk masyarakat yang demokratis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis artikel dan buku yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kewarganegaraan membantu mengembangkan nilai-nilai luhur, memahami konsep demokrasi, Hak Asasi Manusia, dan pentingnya partisipasi aktif. Pendidikan demokrasi dalam konteks pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Indonesia diperlukan untuk memperkuat nilai-nilai demokrasi dan membentuk generasi muda yang sadar akan hak-hak dan kewajiban sebagai warga negara. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemahaman pentingnya pendidikan kewarganegaraan dan pendidikan demokrasi dalam membentuk masyarakat yang demokratis.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan, Kewarganegaraan, Masyarakat Demokratis
KONSTITUSI INDONESIA DALAM MENJAMIN HAK WARGA NEGARA
Authors: Al Fatha Khairani , Fadhli Teuku , Anggraini Lilis , Pasaribu Indah Permata Sari , Purba Nazwi Haliza , Rahimah Fahdhyta Nur , Siregar Alfauji , Pertiwi Kamila Nanda , Fitri Ayu Aida , Siregar Sarah Syafitri 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRAK
Indonesia merupakan negara hukum. Pada negara hukum, penyelenggaraan ketatanegaraan diatur dengan sebuah konstitusi hukum. Salah satu ciri negara hukum adalah terjaminnya hak warga negaranya, yang diatur dalam konstitusi nasional. Sebagai negara hukum, Indonesia memiliki konstitusi, yaitu Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 dan Pancasila. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan memahami tentang Konstitusi Indonesia dalam Menjamin Hak Warga negara. Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode dokumentasi dipilih dalam tulisan ini untuk mengungkap data dengan teknik content analysis. yang berkaitan dengan konstitusi Indonesia dalam menjamin hak warga negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hak dan kewajiban warga negara berdasarkan pancasila dan konstitusi ialah hak-hak tidak dapat dipisahkan dari diri manusia. Siapapun yang berada di wilayah hukum negara Republik Indonesia hak-hak asasi manusia di-akui dan dilindungi. Begitupun kewajiban menaati hukum dan pemerintahan dengan tidak ada pengecualian. Peran mahkamah konstitusi dalam menjamin hak konstitusional warga negara ialah sebagai pengawal konstitusi, agar konstitusi selalu dijadikan landasan dan dijalankan secara konsisten oleh setiap komponen negara dan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Konstitusi, hak , warga negara
Production and Characterization of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Jam
Authors: Machalela Angélica Agostinho , Júnior Abel Alberto Massingue , Vatiro Amade , Nanelo Rafael Francisco 
Published: November 2023

Aim: This study was carried out with the aim of developing and characterizing jam based on tomato fruit.
Methodology: Four (04) formulations such as (A), 50% pulp, 50% sugar; (B), 59% pulp, 40% sugar, 0.5% citric acid and 0.5% pectin; (C), 69% pulp, 30% sugar, 0.5% citric acid, and 0.5% pectin; (D), 79% pulp, 20% sugar, 0.5% citric acid, and 0.5% pectin, were made and characterized in terms of pH by potentiometer, moisture by desiccation at 105o C, total soluble solids content (°Brix) by refractometry, titratable acidity by titration with 0.1N (NaOH), and sensory analysis by effective methods. The data was evaluated using Rstudio 4.2.1 software.
Results: The results showed pH ranging from 4.84 to 5.09, soluble solids content from 39.79 to 66.42 ºBrix, titratable acidity in the range of 0.52 to 1.07%, and moisture content between 10.75 and 41.86%. The acceptance test showed that formulation A had the highest score of around 75%.
Conclusion: Tomatoes proved to be an excellent and viable raw material for jam production.
Occurrence of Virulent and Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Selected Ready-To-Eat Foods in Obio/Akpor, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Emmanuel Chukwuemeka , Eruteya Onoriode Christian 
Published: November 2023

Aims: Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus or its heat-stable toxins have been implicated in food-borne illnesses lately and are now a public health concern. This study is aimed at determining the microbial safety of RTE snacks (meat-pie, Egg-roll, Doughnut, Burns and Puff-puff) sold in Obio/Akpor LGA, Rivers State.
Study Design: This work is based on a completely randomized design with two replications and the average values calculated for the mean comparison.
Place and Duration of Study: Imadavistic Laboratory, Osaks House, East-West Road Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between December 2021 and November, 2022.
Methodology: A total of 100 samples of RTE food Snacks were randomly purchased and examined for proximate composition, microbial quality, and occurrence of antibiotic-resistant and virulent genes using standard conventional and molecular methods.
Results: Puff-puff had the highest moisture, fiber and ash content while egg-roll had the highest crude fat, also meat-pie had the highest carbohydrate and protein content. Microbial counts ranged from 3.5×103 to 1.5×106cfu/g with 44 samples unsatisfactory and 39 at borderline by food regulatory standard. Presumptive S. aureus count ranged from 1.4×103 to 4.6×106 cfu/g, with 5 classified as potentially hazardous, 14 as unsatisfactory and 49 as borderline, 16 as satisfactory, and 16 with no detection. The 34 confirmed S. aureus showed varying resistance to cloxacillin 31(91.18%), cefuroxime 28 (82.35%), ceftazidime and erythromycin 25 (73.53%), gentamicin 18 (52.94%) and augmentin 13 (38.24%). Multi-drug resistance ranged from 3 to 5 antibiotic classes. Nine isolates produced the expected band of 250bp with SEA while 3 produced the band of 400bp with SEB.
Conclusion: There is a correlation of statistically significant difference (p<0.5) between the four types of RTE food and enterotoxin A, therefore confirming that RTE foods serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant and virulence gene bearing S. aureus.
Weed Population Dynamics under Organic, Bio-dynamic, Conventional Bt and Non-Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Akshay D. V. S. , Parlawar N. D. , Deshmukh J. P. , Riar A. S. , Konde N. M. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: In order to compare the weed seed bank and population dynamics under organic, biodynamic, Bt-conventional, and non-Bt conventional management systems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), a field experiment was carried out.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD)
Place and Duration of Study: bioRe-FiBL research trails, bioRe Association, Kasrawad, Khurgone, Madhya Pradesh during the kharif season of 2020-21.
Methodology: Five distinct crop management techniques were used in the field experiment, each duplicated four times, and the experiment was set up using a randomized block design. The treatments were distributed at random to different plots. The five management treatments were Absolute Control (no fertilizers), Conventional management of non-Bt cotton, Conventional management of Bt cotton, Bio-dynamic and Organic management of cotton. For the duration of the experiment, four 1 m × 1 m (1 m2) quadrats were randomly placed on each experimental plot's four sides, and different biometric observations were recorded from each quadrant according to its treatment. For the purpose of collecting the necessary observations, two of these quadrants were regularly weeded every 20 days, while the other two were left unweeded for the duration of the experiment.
Results: The dominant weed species includes Panicum dichotomiflorum, Cyperus rotundus, Paspalum dilatatum, Euphorbia hirta, Acalypha indica and Digeria arvensis. Poaceae was the dominant family in terms of composition. There was very less variation in the weed flora between the treatments. Significantly higher weed seed bank, weed species, weed density and weed dry weight were observed in Organic and Biodynamic cotton than in the Conventional cotton. Weed control efficiency was found to be maximum in the Conventional cotton compared to the Organic and Biodynamic cotton.
Conclusion: From the experiment, it can be concluded that the Conventional cotton especially Conventional management Bt Cotton was found to be most efficient among all the treatments. However, the Organic cotton was observed with high number of overall plant species and best in conserving the plant species biodiversity.
Validation of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer risk stratification updated in the 2021 European Association of Urology guidelines
Authors: Miyake Makito , Kitamura Hiroshi , Nishimura Nobutaka , Miyamoto Tatsuki , Nakahama Tomonori , Fujii Tomomi , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Yonemori Masaya , Enokida Hideki , Taoka Rikiya , Kobayashi Takashi , Kojima Takahiro , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Nishiyama Naotaka , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Kiyohide ,   Nishinihon Uro‐oncology Extensive Collaboration group and the Japanese Urological Oncology Group
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to validate the predictive ability of the 2021 European Association of Urology (EAU) risk model compared to that of existing risk models, including the 2019 EAU model and risk scoring tables of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Club Urologico Espanol de Tratamiento Oncologico, and Japanese Nishinihon Uro‐oncology Extensive Collaboration Group.Patients and methodsThis retrospective multi‐institutional database study included two cohorts—3024 patients receiving intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) treatment (BCG cohort) and 789 patients not receiving BCG treatment (non‐BCG cohort). The Kaplan–Meier estimate and log‐rank test were used to visualize and compare oncological survival outcomes after transurethral surgery among the risk groups. Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the models.ResultsWe observed a risk shift from the 2019 EAU risk grouping to the 2021 EAU risk grouping in a substantial number of patients. For progression, the C‐index of the 2021 EAU model was significantly higher than that of the 2019 EAU model in both the BCG (0.617 vs. 0.572; P = 0.011) and non‐BCG (0.718 vs. 0.560; P < 0.001) cohorts. According to the 2021 EAU model, 731 (24%) and 130 (16%) patients in the BCG and non‐BCG cohorts, respectively, were considered to have a very high risk. Survival analysis showed no significant differences among the five very high‐risk subgroups in both cohorts. A major limitation was potential selection bias owing to the retrospective nature of this study.ConclusionsThe updated 2021 EAU model showed better stratification than the three existing risk models, especially for progression, in both cohorts, determining the most appropriate postoperative treatment and identifying patients requiring intensified surveillance or early cystectomy.
Blocking salt‐inducible kinases with YKL‐06‐061 prevents PTZ‐induced seizures in mice
Authors: Peng Lixuan , Li Cai , Tang Xiaohan , Xiang Yuyan , Xu Yang , Cao Wenyu , Zhou Huamao , Li Suyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, while over one third of adults with epilepsy still have inadequate seizure control. Although mutations in salt‐inducible kinases (SIKs) have been identified in epileptic encephalopathy, it is not known whether blocking SIKs can prevent pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced seizures.MethodsWe first determined the time course of SIKs (including SIK 1, 2, and 3) in the hippocampus of PTZ treated mice. And then, we evaluated the effects of anti‐epilepsy drug valproate acid (VPA) on the expression of SIK 1, 2, and 3 in the hippocampus of PTZ treated mice. Next, we investigated the effect of different dose of SIKs inhibitor YKL‐06‐061 on the epileptic seizures and neuronal activation by determining the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in the PTZ treated mice.ResultsWe found that PTZ selectively induced enhanced expression of SIK1 in the hippocampus, which was blocked by VPA treatment. Notably, YKL‐06‐061 decreased seizure activity and prevented neuronal overactivity, as indicated by the reduced expression of IEGs in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.ConclusionOur findings provide the first evidence that SIK1 affects gene regulation in neuronal hyperactivity, which is involved in seizure behavior. Targeting SIK1 through the development of selective inhibitors may lead to disease‐modifying therapies that reduce epilepsy progression.
Is bowel preparation necessary for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected colonic diverticular bleeding?: A multicenter retrospective study with propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Gonai Takahiro , Toya Yosuke , Kudara Norihiko , Abe Keinosuke , Sawaguchi Sera , Fujiwara Takao , Eizuka Makoto , Hirai Minami , Miura Manami , Urushikubo Jun , Yamada Shun , Kumei Tomo , Yamaguchi Satoko , Sugai Kyohei , Asakura Kensuke , Orikasa Shunsuke , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere are few reports on bowel preparation for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB). We aim to clarify in a retrospective, multicenter study.MethodsIn a multicenter retrospective cohort study at 10 institutions, we analyzed clinical features of patients diagnosed with CDB, who underwent early colonoscopy within 24 h. We compared patients who were prepared with polyethylene glycol lavage (PEL) and those without PEL. We evaluated the effects of PEL for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected CDB.ResultsA total of 129 (53%) underwent under preparation with PEL and 113 patients without PEL. The PEL group was younger, had fewer comorbidities, and had better performance status. After adjusting for these variables with propensity score matching, the PEL group had a significantly shorter hospital stay (7.9 ± 4.7 vs. 10.1 ± 5.2 days; p = 0.001), and a higher cecal intubation rate (91.1% vs. 50.0%; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in adverse event rates, identification of stigmata of recent hemorrhage, or frequency in endoscopic hemostatic treatment.ConclusionsPEL may be preferred for early colonoscopy in patients suspected of having CDB.
Local mapping of surface potential in pentacene thin film under gate bias voltage obtained by scanning kelvin probe microscopy
Authors: Ndikumana Joel , An Kunsik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report the local surface potential mapping of pentacene film prepared by physical vapor deposition with scanning kelvin probe microscopy where the sample is scanned under different gate voltages. Surface topography and the corresponding potential maps were obtained simultaneously. Spatial distribution of the surface potential at a low gate voltage is clearly correlated with topographic features. A lower electrostatic potential was measured at the grain boundaries (GBs), suggesting that GBs behave as hole traps. This observation is bolstered by conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) data, which reveals a higher conductivity within the grains as opposed to the GBs. An increase in gate voltage minimizes the potential differences at the grain and GBs, suggesting a modification in trap occupancy. We expect that these experimental results, along with existing theories, will provide a better understanding of the microstructural‐electrical properties of pentacene film.Research Highlights
Local surface potential mapping of pentacene film with scanning kelvin probe microscopy.
Correlation between the surface potential map and topography at a low gate voltage.
Decrease of the potential distribution inhomogeneity by the gate voltage increasement.
Higher conductivity at inner grain than grain boundary in conductive atomic force microscopy.
Image Translation for Estimating Two‐Dimensional Axial Amyloid‐Beta PET From Structural MRI
Authors: Vega Fernando , Addeh Abdoljalil , Ganesh Aravind , Smith Eric E. , MacDonald M. Ethan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAmyloid‐beta and brain atrophy are hallmarks for Alzheimer's Disease that can be targeted with positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI, respectively. MRI is cheaper, less‐invasive, and more available than PET. There is a known relationship between amyloid‐beta and brain atrophy, meaning PET images could be inferred from MRI.PurposeTo build an image translation model using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network able to synthesize Amyloid‐beta PET images from structural MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationEight hundred eighty‐two adults (348 males/534 females) with different stages of cognitive decline (control, mild cognitive impairment, moderate cognitive impairment, and severe cognitive impairment). Five hundred fifty‐two subjects for model training and 331 for testing (80%:20%).Field Strength/Sequence3 T, T1‐weighted structural (T1w).AssessmentThe testing cohort was used to evaluate the performance of the model using the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR), comparing the likeness of the overall synthetic PET images created from structural MRI with the overall true PET images. SSIM was computed in the overall image to include the luminance, contrast, and structural similarity components. Experienced observers reviewed the images for quality, performance and tried to determine if they could tell the difference between real and synthetic images.Statistical TestsPixel wise Pearson correlation was significant, and had an R2 greater than 0.96 in example images. From blinded readings, a Pearson Chi‐squared test showed that there was no significant difference between the real and synthetic images by the observers (P = 0.68).ResultsA high degree of likeness across the evaluation set, which had a mean SSIM = 0.905 and PSNR = 2.685. The two observers were not able to determine the difference between the real and synthetic images, with accuracies of 54% and 46%, respectively.ConclusionAmyloid‐beta PET images can be synthesized from structural MRI with a high degree of similarity to the real PET images.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 1
Effects of a mixture of glycerol monolaurate and cinnamaldehyde supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, and antioxidant status in laying hens
Authors: Li Lanlan , Zhu Yue , Zhang Shuangshuang , Wang Jihua , Guo Shuangshuang , Ding Binying , Zhang Zhengfan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to determine the effects of a mixture of glycerol monolaurate and cinnamaldehyde (GCM) supplementation on the laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and serum parameters of laying hens. A total of 1120 14‐week‐old Jingfen‐1 strain laying hens with similar performance were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: control, and GCM groups supplemented with 250, 500, or 1000 mg kg−1 for 12 weeks.RESULTSCompared with the control group, GCM‐supplemented groups significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the rate of unqualified eggs of laying hens aged 17–24 weeks. Supplementation of GCM significantly increased (P < 0.05) yolk color and serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity but decreased (P < 0.05) the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in the serum of laying hens at the age of 20 weeks. Furthermore, groups supplemented with GCM showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in Haugh unit, yolk color, activities of total superoxide dismutase and GSH‐Px, and the glucose content in serum, and a decrease (P < 0.05) in the content of urea nitrogen and H2O2 and malondialdehyde in serum of laying hens at the age of 24 weeks. 500 mg kg−1 GCM supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the number of large white follicles and 1000 mg kg−1 GCM supplementation decreased the number of large yellow follicles in 28‐week‐old laying hens.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that GCM supplementation has positive effects on reducing egg loss and improving egg quality in the early laying period of laying hens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Microaggressions in European versus American Workplace Environments of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Sims H. Steven , Kan Krystal , Lechien Jerome R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the workplace experience of European and U.S. members of the otolaryngology community.MethodsEuropean and U.S. otolaryngologists‐head and neck surgeons (OTO‐HNS) were surveyed through three otorhinolaryngological societies. We inquired about personal and observed experiences of differential treatment in the workplace related to age, biological sex, ethnicity, disability, gender identity, political belief, and sexual orientation. Results were compared according to the world region. Differential treatment was used as a proxy for microaggressions.ResultsA total of 348 practitioners participated in the survey: 148 American and 230 European OTO‐HNS. European OTO‐HNS reported significantly higher proportions of observed or personal experiences of differential treatment based on age (p = .049), language proficiency (p = .027), citizenship (p = .001), hair texture (p = .017), height/weight (p = .002), clothing (p = .011), and professionalism (p = .002) compared with U.S. OTO‐HNS. Differential treatment related to political belief (p = .043), socioeconomic status (p = .018), and ethnicity (p = .001) were higher in the United States compared with Europe. Feelings of exclusion (p = .027) and consideration of leaving their position (p = .001) were significantly higher in the United States compared with Europe. In both the United States and Europe, female OTO‐HNS reported more frequent differential treatment related to biological sex than males.ConclusionDifferential treatment, or microaggressions, related to personal characteristics or behavior varied in the United States and Europe with more ethnicity‐based microaggressions in the United States and physical characteristic‐based microaggressions in Europe. In both regions, females were more subject to microaggressions than males. More efforts are needed to tackle microaggressions and discrimination in the clinical and academic workplace of the Western otolaryngology community.Level of Evidence4.