bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Significance of Nonthromboembolic Findings on Chest Computed Tomography Angiography Performed to Rule Out Pulmonary Embolism: A Multicenter Study of 1,025 Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Richman Peter B. , Courtney D. Mark , Friese Jeremy , Matthews Jessica , Field Adam , Petri Roland , Kline Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the hypothesis that computed tomography (CT) angiography often yields a result interpreted as an alternative diagnosis to pulmonary embolism (PE) in emergency department (ED) patients. Methods:This was a multicenter, retrospective, and secondary analysis of consecutive patients in three academic emergency departments. ED patients with symptoms suspicious for PE were included. CT angiography was ordered at the discretion of the treating physician; patients were identified by query of the electronic medical record. Board‐certified radiologists gave CT readings, which were reviewed by two independent emergency physicians who categorized the non‐PE findings into one of four acuity categories: A = requiring specific and immediate intervention, B = requiring specific action on follow‐up, C = requiring no action, and D = indeterminate findings. Results: The prevalence of PE among the 1,025 patients studied was 10% (95% CI = 8% to 12%). In the 921 patients without PE, the mean prevalences (ranges between sites) of concordant categorized non‐PE findings were: A = 7% (range 3%–11%), B = 10% (7%–13%), C = 17% (10%–20%), D = 4% (0%–8%), and no ancillary finding = 41% (29% to 45%). The most common category A findings included infiltrate or consolidation suggesting pneumonia (81%), aortic aneurysm or dissection (7%), and mass suggesting undiagnosed malignancy (7%). The overall unweighted agreement was 80% (κ= 0.72) and weighted agreement was 93% (kw = 0.84). Conclusions: In ED patients with suspected PE, the CT angiogram frequently provides evidence suggesting an important alternative diagnosis to PE. Pulmonary infiltrate suggesting pneumonia was the most common non‐PE finding.
B‐type Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosis of Heart Failure in Emergency Department Patients: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Schwam Eric 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe diagnosis of heart failure in the outpatient setting can be difficult. A rapid assay for B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been advocated for the diagnosis of heart failure, using a single cutoff of 100 pg/mL. BNP is produced by both the right and left cardiac ventricles and is elevated in a variety of conditions, including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, pulmonary embolism, left ventricular hypertrophy, renal failure, circulatory overload, acute coronary syndromes, atrial fibrillation, lung cancer, and sepsis. This multitude of causes of BNP elevation imposes limits on its diagnostic use for heart failure. The literature on the use of BNP testing for diagnosis of heart failure is reviewed, and improved guidelines for its interpretation are suggested.
Emergency Physician–Verified Out‐of‐hospital Intubation: Miss Rates by Paramedics
Authors: Jones James H. , Murphy Michael P. , Dickson Robert L. , Somerville Geoff G. , Brizendine Edward J. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: To prospectively quantify the number of unrecognized missed out‐of‐hospital intubations by ground paramedics using emergency physician verification as the criterion standard for verification of endotracheal tube placement. Methods:The authors performed an observational, prospective study of consecutive intubated patients arriving by ground emergency medical services to two urban teaching hospitals. Endotracheal tube placement was verified by emergency physicians and evaluated by using a combination of direct visualization, esophageal detector device (EDD), colorimetric end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), and physical examination. Results: During the six‐month study period, 208 out‐of‐hospital intubations by ground paramedics were enrolled, which included 160 (76.9%) medical patients and 48 (23.1%) trauma patients. A total of 12 (5.8%) endotracheal tubes were incorrectly placed outside the trachea. This comprised ten (6.3%) medical patients and two (4.2%) trauma patients. Of the 12 misplaced endotracheal tubes, a verification device (ETCO2 or EDD) was used in three cases (25%) and not used in nine cases (75%). Conclusions: The rate of unrecognized, misplaced out‐of‐hospital intubations in this urban, midwestern setting was 5.8%. This is more consistent with results of prior out‐of‐hospital studies that used field verification and is discordant with the only other study to exclusively use emergency physician verification performed on arrival to the emergency department.
Evaluation of the Educational Utility of Patient Follow‐up
Authors: Sadosty Annie T. , Stead Latha G. , Boie Eric T. , Goyal Deepi G. , Weaver Amy L. , Decker Wyatt W. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: To date, no studies in emergency medicine (EM) have addressed the educational value of the Residency Review Committee for Emergency Medicine's (RRC‐EM) requirement for patient follow‐up (FU). The authors examined whether performance of patient FU improved EM resident education. Methods:All EM resident FU encounters from September 25, 2001, through September 24, 2002, were documented and analyzed. All EM residents at a regional tertiary referral emergency department (ED) initiated patient FU encounters by entering information regarding patients' initial ED presentations into a Web‐based follow‐up system (WBFUS), subsequently entered FU information, and indicated whether they thought that the specific FU encounters improved their education (yes/no). Supervising faculty members then reviewed the residents' completed FU entries. Blinded to residents' responses regarding educational utility, faculty members evaluated whether they thought the specific FU encounters were educational for the residents (yes/no). Data entered into the WBFUS were then summarized as percentages. Results: Eight hundred forty‐seven FU encounters were completed by 18 EM residents and 29 EM faculty. Ninety‐three percent of the FU entries were deemed by at least one evaluator (resident or faculty) to have educational value. Residents found the act of performing FU educational in 81.3% of cases, whereas faculty thought 80.4% were educational for the resident. Although the residents and faculty agreed on the educational value in 75.4% of cases, the overall strength of the agreement was slight to fair (kappa statistic = 0.21). Conclusions: This study indicates that EM residents and faculty believe that the act of performing patient FU has educational value for EM residents; however, the interobserver agreement between residents and faculty was low.
Prevalence of Technology-Facilitated Abuse Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youths
Authors: Turner Heather A. , Finkelhor David , Mitchell Kimberly , Colburn Deirdre 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceDigital communication and imaging technologies have created new opportunities for technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) and necessitate a better understanding of how and why the risk for TFA varies across different groups of youths.ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of TFA among youths across 5 different sexual and gender identity groups, and to identify risk factors that may explain variations in TFA risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA US nationally representative online survey was conducted among 2639 young adults recruited from the KnowledgePanel online panel from November 19 to December 29, 2021. Individuals aged 18 to 28 years were asked retrospectively about TFA and a variety of other youth experiences in childhood (aged &amp;lt;18 years).Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants were asked about their sexual and gender identities, 11 types of TFA occurring before the age of 18 years, and several potential risk factors. Prevalence rates of any TFA were compared across sexual and gender identity groups, and analyses were conducted to identify risk factors that help explain group differences. Weights were developed to compensate for gender, education, race and ethnicity, household income, census region, and metropolitan status disproportions.ResultsAmong the 2510 respondents (mean [SD] age, 24.8 [2.8] years) who provided gender and sexual identity information, 46.5% (95% CI, 41.9%-51.1%) were cisgender heterosexual females, 25.2% (95% CI, 21.6%-29.1%) were cisgender sexual minority females, 18.3% (95% CI, 14.4%-22.9%) were cisgender heterosexual males, 6.8% (95% CI, 4.6%-9.9%) were cisgender sexual minority males, and 3.3% (95% CI, 2.0%-5.4%) were gender minority individuals. The prevalence of TFA occurring before the age of 18 years was highest among sexual minority females (55.3%; 95% CI, 48.0%-62.4%) and gender minority individuals (53.4%; 95% CI, 33.5%-72.2%). Rates of sexting were highest among cisgender sexual minority females (38.8%; 95% CI, 19.1%-58.8%) and gender minority individuals (36.7%; 95% CI, 19.1%-58.8%) and represented the strongest risk factor for TFA exposure (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 4.0-8.0). However, it explained little variation in TFA across groups once early in-person adversity, sexual abuse, bullying, and maltreatment were taken into account.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study demonstrates the risk of TFA among sexual and gender minority youths and the need to target prevention efforts toward these vulnerable groups. In addition to strategies to reduce risky behavior, efforts to lower the risk of early sexual abuse, bullying, and maltreatment are likely to also be effective in decreasing TFA among these marginalized groups.
Relations between perceptions of parental messages supporting fighting and nonviolence and adolescents' physical aggression: Beliefs as mediators
Authors: Coleman Jasmine N. , Smith Phillip N. , Mehari Krista R. , Farrell Albert D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' beliefs about fighting as mediators of longitudinal relations between perceptions of parental support for fighting and nonviolence and changes in adolescents' physical aggression. Participants were 2575 middle school students (Mage = 12.20, SD = 1.02; 52% female; 83% African American) from the southeastern US attending schools in communities with high rates of violence. Participants completed four waves of assessments every 3 months (i.e., fall, winter, spring, and summer). Each belief subscale mediated relations between perceptions of parental support for fighting and nonviolence and changes in aggression. Parental support for nonviolence was negatively associated with beliefs supporting reactive aggression and positively associated with beliefs against fighting. Parental support for retaliation was positively associated with beliefs supporting reactive and proactive aggression, and negatively associated with beliefs against fighting. Parental support for fighting as sometimes necessary was positively associated with beliefs supporting reactive aggression and beliefs that fighting is sometimes necessary. Beliefs supporting reactive and proactive aggression and beliefs that fighting is sometimes necessary were positively associated with aggression, whereas beliefs against fighting were negatively associated with aggression. Parents' support for fighting and for nonviolence may directly and indirectly reduce adolescents' physical aggression by influencing beliefs about the appropriateness of using aggression for self‐defense and to attain a goal. This highlights the importance of jointly investigating multiple types of parental messages and types of beliefs about fighting.
Screening Tools for Spondyloarthritis in Patients With Psoriasis, Uveitis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kesarwani Vartika , Sinnappan Stephanie , Husni M. Elaine , Weisman Michael H. , Ermann Joerg 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveExtramusculoskeletal manifestations of spondyloarthritis (SpA) may precede the development of articular features. Patients seen in ophthalmology, dermatology, and gastroenterology clinics with uveitis, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may have undiagnosed SpA. We set out to identify and evaluate screening tools for SpA in patients with psoriasis, uveitis, and IBD and determine factors that influence the performance of these instruments.MethodsThis scoping review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2022.ResultsWe identified 13 screening tools for psoriatic arthritis, 2 SpA screening tools for uveitis, and 3 SpA screening tools for IBD. All screening tools were patient‐oriented questionnaires except for the Dublin Uveitis Evaluation Tool, a physician‐applied algorithm. The questionnaires varied in length, scoring method, cutoff score, and spectrum of included SpA features. Average completion time was less than five minutes. Across the three patient populations, the sensitivities and specificities of these screening tools were comparable in the primary validation cohorts. Sensitivities and specificities were generally lower in secondary validation studies, with marked variability among cohorts.ConclusionOur results highlight the heterogeneity and limitations of existing SpA screening tools. Although these tools show promise for use within a specific target population, none are generalizable to all patients with extramusculoskeletal manifestations at risk of SpA. Future studies should explore the utility of a generic patient‐oriented SpA screening tool that can be applied to patients with psoriasis, uveitis, or IBD; is easy to use and comprehend; and captures all clinical domains of SpA.
Rapid Generation of hPSC‐Derived High Endothelial Venule Organoids with In Vivo Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue Capabilities
Authors: Wang Xichi , Li Xiaofei , Zhao Jing , Li Yi , Shin Su Ryon , Ligresti Giovanni , Ng Alex H. M. , Bromberg Jonathan S. , Church George , Lemos Dario R. , Abdi Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBioengineering strategies for the fabrication of implantable lymphoid structures mimicking lymph nodes (LNs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) could amplify the adaptive immune response for therapeutic applications such as cancer immunotherapy. No method to date has resulted in the consistent formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs), which is the specialized vasculature responsible for naïve T cell recruitment and education in both LNs and TLS. Here orthogonal induced differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells carrying a regulatable ETV2 allele is used to rapidly and efficiently induce endothelial differentiation. Assembly of embryoid bodies combining primitive inducible endothelial cells and primary human LN fibroblastic reticular cells results in the formation of HEV‐like structures that can aggregate into 3D organoids (HEVOs). Upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice, HEVOs successfully engraft and form lymphatic structures that recruit both antigen‐presenting cells and adoptively‐transferred lymphocytes, therefore displaying basic TLS capabilities. The results further show that functionally, HEVOs can organize an immune response and promote anti‐tumor activity by adoptively‐transferred T lymphocytes. Collectively, the experimental approaches represent an innovative and scalable proof‐of‐concept strategy for the fabrication of bioengineered TLS that can be deployed in vivo to enhance adaptive immune responses.
Topological Spin Textures in an Insulating van der Waals Ferromagnet
Authors: Grebenchuk Sergey , McKeever Conor , Grzeszczyk Magdalena , Chen Zhaolong , Šiškins Makars , McCray Arthur R. C. , Li Yue , Petford‐Long Amanda K. , Phatak Charudatta M. , Ruihuan Duan , Zheng Liu , Novoselov Kostya S. , Santos Elton J. G. , Koperski Maciej 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGeneration and control of topological spin textures constitutes one of the most exciting challenges of modern spintronics given their potential applications in information storage technologies. Of particular interest are magnetic insulators, which due to low damping, absence of Joule heating and reduced dissipation can provide energy‐efficient spin‐textures platform. Here, it is demonstrated that the interplay between sample thickness, external magnetic fields, and optical excitations can generate a prolific paramount of spin textures, and their coexistence in insulating CrBr3 van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets. Using high‐resolution magnetic force microscopy and large‐scale micromagnetic simulation methods, the existence of a large region in T‐B phase diagram is demonstrated where different stripe domains, skyrmion crystals, and magnetic domains exist and can be intrinsically selected or transformed to each‐other via a phase‐switch mechanism. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy unveils the mixed chirality of the magnetic textures that are of Bloch‐type at given conditions but can be further manipulated into Néel‐type or hybrid‐type via thickness‐engineering. The topological phase transformation between the different magnetic objects can be further inspected by standard photoluminescence optical probes resolved by circular polarization indicative of an existence of exciton‐skyrmion coupling mechanism. The findings identify vdW magnetic insulators as a promising framework of materials for the manipulation and generation of highly ordered skyrmion lattices relevant for device integration at the atomic level.
Optimization of the Bulk Refractive Index Sensitivity of Silver NanoPrisms
Authors: Szántó Géza , Pritzke Pia , Kluitmann Jonas Jakobus , Köhler Johann Michael , Csáki Andrea , Fritzsche Wolfgang , Csarnovics István , Bonyár Attila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sensitivity and optical properties of silver nanoprisms (triangular plates with round‐truncated corners) are investigated in this paper. Results of boundary element method simulations are compared with experimental results and literature data. Based on electron microscopy images of the synthesized nanoprisms, a single‐particle model is set up for simulations with three running parameters: edge length, thickness, and roundness (defined as the radius of the circumscribed circle divided by the edge length). These geometric parameters can be optimized during chemical synthesis to create sensors with improved sensitivity. The effect of biomolecular layers is also investigated. As a novel approach to improve the agreement between the simulated and experimentally measured extinction spectra, the single‐particle model is extended to consider the variation of the prisms' parameters in the form of distributions. The resulting extinction cross‐section spectra correspond well with the experimental data. The calculated bulk refractive index sensitivity is 670 nm/RIU (RIU stands for refractive index unit) for the single particle model (length = 150 nm, thickness = 10 nm, and roundness = 0.1), while (690 ± 5) nm/RIU for the extended model. The presented model and obtained relations between sensitivity and geometry can be effectively used to design and optimize the fabrication technologies for silver nanoprism‐based sensing applications.
Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Silylarylation of Activated Alkenes: Preparation of β‐Silyl Amide‐Pharmaceutical Hybrids
Authors: Chen Fei , Liu Shi‐Yu , Li Xiao , Jia Jia‐Lu , Li Yi , Lu Xiao‐Lan , Jia Lin , Zheng Yang , Yan Zhongfei , Li Gang , Lv Yunhe , Rong Haojie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed silylarylation of N‐(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides via a tandem silyl radical addition/1,4‐aryl migration/desulfonylation sequence has been developed. This method employs silanes as the precursor of silyl radical and di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) as the initiator. By using this cascade procedure, a series of β‐silyl amide‐pharmaceutical hybrids which contain an α‐all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter were facilely synthesized.
Identifying and Understanding the Positive Impact of Defects for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Deng Yu‐Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDefects are generally regarded to have negative impacts on carrier recombination, charge transport, and ion migration in materials, which thus lower the efficiency, speed, and stability of optoelectronic devices. Meanwhile, lots of efforts which focused on minimizing defects have greatly improved the performances of devices. Then, can defects be positive in optoelectronic devices? Herein, relying on in‐depth understanding of defect‐associated effects in semiconductors, trapping of photo‐generated carriers by defects is applied to enlarge photoconductive gain in photodetection. Therefore, the record photoconductive gain, gain‐bandwidth product, and detection limit are achieved in this photodetector. Exceeding the general concept that defects are harmful, a new view that the defects can be positive in photodetection is identified, which may guide to design high‐performance photodetectors.
Modulating Internal Coordination Configurations for High‐Density Atomic Antimony toward Advanced Fast‐Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Wenqing , Lei Shuya , Li Jiexiang , Jiang Feng , Wu Tianjing , Yang Yue , Sun Wei , Ji Xiaobo , Ge Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFast‐charging ability of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is mainly determined by a highly effective redox reaction rate. However, traditional metal@carbon composites rarely achieve atom‐level dispersion at high density, resulting in poor reaction rates. Herein, supported by the introduction of carbon vacancies, abundant C─S/C─O chemical bonds are successfully established in a carbon carrier. Then, plenty of Sb single atoms (Sb SA/PC) are first anchored with a high loading of 31.4 wt%, achieving a high yield of 210.56 g per batch. Benefiting from dense Sb─O─C/Sb─S─C interfacial chemical bonds, Sb─S2O coordination configurations are firmly confined in the interior of carbon. Surprisingly, the conductivity of Sb SA/PC‐2 is approximately 2.2 × 107 times greater than that of pristine Sb2S3. Consequently, Sb SA/PC‐2 exhibits ultrahigh fast‐charging capability (201.7 mAh g−1 at 20.0 A g−1) and ultralong cycling life (364.4 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 5000 cycles). Theoretical calculations reveal that the fast‐charging capability can be attributed to the low migration barrier and increased number of active sites. Moreover, owing to the structural integrity of Sb single atoms, phase separation is effectively inhibited. This work is anticipated to open an avenue toward designing advanced electrode materials for ultrafast‐charging SIBs.
From sweet tooth to healthy choices: How Chilean food policies are changing household diets
Authors: Melo Grace , Chomali Laura , Ishdorj Ariun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing data from a nationally representative household survey, this study investigates whether changes in food‐at‐home (FAH) purchases occurred following the introduction, modification, and implementation of the Chilean food labeling and marketing regulations. This study further examines whether changes in sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie intake occurred. The results provide evidence of some improvements in dietary intake. In particular, sugar intake decreased primarily due to food modifications—that emerged as a supply response to regulations. This improvement in dietary intake was only found among those households who mainly buy FAH or shop mostly at grocery stores. Considering that across all households, nearly 10% of total FAH calories come from products with added sugars, the results suggest that there are missing opportunities that policy could leverage to improve food choices, especially among those less likely to be influenced by existing regulations—those who mainly spend on food away from home or those who primarily shop at alternative FAH outlets. [EconLit Citations: D22, L51, Q13].