bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of historical severe storms and storm tides in the German Bight with century reanalysis data
Authors: Meyer Elke Magda Inge , Gaslikova Lidia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Century reanalysis models offer a possibility to investigate extreme events and gain further insights into their impact through numerical experiments. This paper is a comprehensive summary of historical hazardous storm tides in the German Bight (southern North Sea) with the aim of comparing and evaluating the potential of different century reanalysis data to be used for the reconstruction of extreme water levels. The composite analysis of historical water level extremes, underlying atmospheric situations and their uncertainties may further support decision-making on coastal protection and risk assessment. The analysis is done based on the results of the regional hydrodynamic model simulations forced by atmospheric century reanalysis data, e.g. 20th Century Reanalysis Project (20CR) ensembles, ERA5 and UERRA–HARMONIE. The eight selected historical storms lead either to the highest storm tide extremes for at least one of three locations around the German Bight or to extreme storm surge events during low tide. In general, extreme storm tides could be reproduced, and some individual ensemble members are suitable for the reconstruction of respective storm tides. However, the highest observed water level in the German Bight could not be simulated with any considered forcing. The particular weather situations with corresponding storm tracks are analysed to better understand their different impact on the peak storm tides, their variability and their predictability. Storms with more northerly tracks generally show less variability in wind speed and a better agreement with the observed extreme water levels for the German Bight. The impact of two severe historical storms that peaked at low tide is investigated with shifted tides. For Husum in the eastern German Bight this results in a substantial increase in the peak water levels reaching a historical maximum.
Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland
Authors: Kutschera Fabian , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Wirp Sara Aniko , Li Bo , Ulrich Thomas , Abril Claudia , Halldórsson Benedikt 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Tsunamigenic earthquakes pose considerable risks, both economically and socially, yet earthquake and tsunami hazard assessments are typically conducted separately. Earthquakes associated with unexpected tsunamis, such as the 2018 Mw  7.5 strike-slip Sulawesi earthquake, emphasize the need to study the tsunami potential of active submarine faults in different tectonic settings. Here, we investigate physics-based scenarios combining simulations of 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and seismic wave propagation with tsunami generation and propagation. We present time-dependent modeling of one-way linked and 3D fully coupled earthquakes and tsunamis for the ∼ 100 km long Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone (HFFZ) in North Iceland. Our analysis shows that the HFFZ has the potential to generate sizable tsunamis. The six dynamic rupture models sourcing our tsunami scenarios vary regarding hypocenter location, spatiotemporal evolution, fault slip, and fault structure complexity but coincide with historical earthquake magnitudes. Earthquake dynamic rupture scenarios on a less segmented fault system, particularly with a hypocenter location in the eastern part of the fault system, have a larger potential for local tsunami generation. Here, dynamically evolving large shallow fault slip (∼ 8 m), near-surface rake rotation (± 20∘), and significant coseismic vertical displacements of the local bathymetry (± 1 m) facilitate strike-slip faulting tsunami generation. We model tsunami crest to trough differences (total wave heights) of up to ∼ 0.9 m near the town Ólafsfjörður. In contrast, none of our scenarios endanger the town of Akureyri, which is shielded by multiple reflections within the narrow Eyjafjörður bay and by Hrísey island. We compare the modeled one-way linked tsunami waveforms with simulation results using a 3D fully coupled approach. We find good agreement in the tsunami arrival times and location of maximum tsunami heights. While seismic waves result in transient motions of the sea surface and affect the ocean response, they do not appear to contribute to tsunami generation. However, complex source effects arise in the fully coupled simulations, such as tsunami dispersion effects and the complex superposition of seismic and acoustic waves within the shallow continental shelf of North Iceland. We find that the vertical velocity amplitudes of near-source acoustic waves are unexpectedly high – larger than those corresponding to the actual tsunami – which may serve as a rapid indicator of surface dynamic rupture. Our results have important implications for understanding the tsunamigenic potential of strike-slip fault systems worldwide and the coseismic acoustic wave excitation during tsunami generation and may help to inform future tsunami early warning systems.
Brief communication: An ice-debris avalanche in the Nupchu Valley, Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, eastern Nepal
Authors: Byers Alton C. , Somos-Valenzuela Marcelo , Shugar Dan H. , McGrath Daniel , Chand Mohan B. , Avtar Ram 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Beginning in December 2020, a series of small to medium, torrent-like pulses commenced upon a historic debris cone located within the Nupchu Valley, Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal. Sometime between 16 and 21 August 2022 a comparatively large ice-debris avalanche event occurred, covering an area of 0.6 km2 with a total estimated volume of order 106 m3. The area of the debris cone left by the August 2022 event increased the historic debris cone area by 0.2 km2 (total area 0.6 km2). Although no human or livestock deaths occurred, the increase in torrent-like pulses of debris upon this historic debris cone since 2020 exemplifies a style of mass movement that may become increasingly common as air temperatures rise in the region. Although the magnitude of this event was small compared to events like the 2021 Chamoli avalanche, the widespread distribution and frequency of comparable events present a substantial, and potentially increasing, hazard across High Mountain Asia.
Reasons for self-medication among elderly patients in TIU and Erbil Infirmary House
Authors: Khalid Sura S. , Othman Zainab Yalman , Ahmed Ban Zuhair 
Published: February 2024

Background: This study investigates the factors contributing to self-medication among elderly patients in TIU (Tishk International University) and Erbil Infirmary House, utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys.

Methods: The sample includes elderly patients aged 60 years and above with diverse backgrounds, employing a mixed-methods approach consisting of qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. The study identifies several factors contributing to self-medication, such as limited access to healthcare, financial constraints, long waiting times, lack of trust in healthcare professionals, family influence, and positive past experiences with self-medication.
The study emphasizes the necessity for targeted interventions to address self-medication in the elderly. This includes improving healthcare access, reducing financial barriers, enhancing healthcare professionals’ communication skills, and educating patients on the risks and benefits of self-medication. Collaboration between providers and the elderly population is crucial for creating a safe environment for appropriate medication use.

Results: The study reveals significant differences in self-medication behavior among the elderly based on demographic factors. Males were more likely to engage in self-medication, and the prevalence was higher among single elderly individuals. Primary education was more prevalent than high school or college education. There was no significant difference in self-medication prevalence between those without medical insurance and those with insurance. The presence of drug information significantly influenced self-medication practices.

Conclusion: Further research is needed to explore the long-term consequences of self-medication and evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies in mitigating associated risks. Addressing self-medication among elderly patients is essential to ensure their health and well-being.
Rezension von: Reformation in Nürnberg ...
Authors: Wunder Gerd 
Published: February 2024

Reformation in Nürnberg - Umbruch und Bewahrung (= Schriften des kunstpädagogischen Zentrums im Germanischen Nationalmuseum Nürnberg, 9). 250 S., Ill.
(Bd. 2) Reformation. Fünf Unterrichtseinheiten zum evangelischen Religionsunterricht. 117 S. Nürnberg: Medien und Kultur 1979.
On limit cycles of quadratic differential systems having two focuses**
Authors: Тлячев В.Б. , Ушхо Д.С. 
Published: February 2024

Получены достаточные условия отсутствия предельных циклов у квадратичных систем, имеющих в фазовой плоскости два и только два простых состо-яния равновесия, если эти состояния равновесия – фокусы. С помощью аффинных преоб-разований фазовых переменных определены критерии, которые позволяют из множе-ства всех квадратичных систем выделить класс систем, имеющих два и только два про-стых состояния равновесия. Приведены примеры, подтверждающие сформулированные утверждения.
Sufficient conditions are obtained for the absence of limit cycles in quadratic systems having two and only two simple equilibrium states in the phase plane, if these equilibri-um states are focuses. With the help of affine transformations of phase variables, criteria are determined that allow us to distinguish from the set of all quadratic systems a class of systems having two and only two simple equilibrium states. Examples confirming the formulated state-ments are given.
Algorithm and convergence analysis of the federated learning model of flight a drone swarm
Authors: Довгаль В.А. 
Published: February 2024

Представлен анализ возможности применения сравнительно новой и хорошо зарекомендовавшей себя методики машинного обучения для распределенной си-стемы сбора и обработки информации – федеративного обучения моделей, использую-щейся для выполнения полета роем дронов, как группы агентов с точки зрения передачи накопленных данных и обучения модели искусственного интеллекта. Описана схема ра-боты федеративного обучения для группы беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА). Особое внимание уделено понятию конвергенции (сходимости) в машинном обучении.
The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the application of a relative-ly new and well–proven machine learning methodology for a distributed information collection and processing system – federated model training used to fly a swarm of drones as a group of agents in terms of transferring accumulated data and training an artificial intelligence model. The scheme of federal training for a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is described. Special attention is paid to the concept of convergence in machine learning.
The methodology of forecasting and probabilistic statistical analysis of environmental risks in alternative energy in the mountainous region
Authors: Зорина И.Ю. , Саханский Ю.В. , Гаглоева И.Э. 
Published: February 2024

Для анализа возможного влияния экологических рисков на генератор-ные установки, использующие возобновляемые источники энергии в горных условиях предложена методика прогнозирования (с помощью стохастической матрицы) и веро-ятностного анализа (с помощью метода Монте-Карло) экологических рисков в альтер-нативной энергетике. Представлен алгоритм реализации методики вероятностного анализа влияния внешних факторов на генераторную установку, который позволяет про-гнозировать мероприятия по уменьшению влияния негативных факторов, тем самым улучшает энергетические возможности повышения качества жизни и безопасности жизнедеятельности в условиях труднодоступных регионов горной местности.
For analyze the possible impact of environmental risks on generator sets using renewable energy sources in mountainous conditions, a methodology for forecasting (using a stochastic matrix) and probabilistic analysis (using the Monte Carlo method) of environmental risks in alternative energy is proposed. An algorithm for the implementation of a methodology for probabilistic analysis of the influence of external factors on a generator set is presented, which allows predicting measures to reduce the influence of negative factors, thereby improving the energy possibilities of improving the quality of life and life safety in remote mountainous regions.
On the uniqueness of Asker Evtykh’s author’s style
Authors: Сиюхов С.Н. 
Published: February 2024

Исследуются вопросы формирования авторского стиля известного двуязычного писателя Аскера Евтыха. На материале романов «Улица во всю ее длину», «Глоток родниковой воды», «Баржа» и др. выявляются особенности языкового самосознания художника, которое оказывает влияние на жанровые и структурно-силевые особенности авторского дискурса. Выводы, вытекающие из анализа, позволяют поставить и разрешить проблемы, связанные с природой билингвиального творчества.
This study examines the details of the development of a renowned bilingual author Asker Evtykh's distinctive writing style. Drawing from the analysis of notable works such as "The Street in Its Entire Length," "A Sip of Spring Water," and "Barge", the study uncovers the artist's profound linguistic self-awareness, which significantly shapes the genre and structural potency of the author's discourse. By deriving insights from this comprehensive analysis, we are able to address and resolve fundamental inquiries associated with the nature of bilingual creativity.
Reflection of the evolution of enlightenment in the writer’s work (based on the material of Adyghe literature of the 20-30s of the XX century)
Authors: Панеш У.М. , Ашинова Ю.А. 
Published: February 2024

Характеризуется эволюция просветительских идей в условиях революционных преобразований в российском культурном пространстве 20-30-х годов ХХ века. Отражается процесс становления новой модели Просвещения в первых прозаических произведениях новописьменных литератур – адыгейской, кабардинской, черкесской. Определяются художественные особенности публицистики и малой прозы, отразившие типологические особенности отечественной многонациональной литературы на первом этапе ее формирования.
This research examines the evolution of educational ideas during the era of revolutionary transformations in the Russian cultural space during the 20-30s of the XX century. Specifically, the focus is on the reflection of the formation of a new model of Enlightenment in the early prose works of Adyghe, Kabardian, and Circassian literature. By analyzing the artistic features of journalism and short prose, this study aims to uncover the typological characteristics of the multinational literature during its initial stages.
Pediatric allergies in Japan: Coronavirus disease pandemic-related risk factors
Authors: Takaoka Yuri , Maeta Akihiro , Nakano Atsuko , Hamada Masaaki , Hiraguchi Yukiko , Kawakami Tomoko , Okafuji Ikuo , Takemura Yutaka , Kameda Makoto , Takahashi Kyoko , Akagawa Shohei , Anzai Kaori , Sumimoto Shinichi , Bando Kenji , Doi Masaaki , Enomoto Masahiro , Fujikawa Shiori , Ikeda Akiko , Nagai Megumi , Nishiyama Atsuko , Otsuka Keita , Shimizu Satoko , Sugimoto Yukiko , Tanaka Yukiko , Tanaka Yuko , Tanaka Yuya , Wakahara Ryohei , Yamasaki Koji 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted various parts of society, including Japanese children with allergies.

Objective:
This study investigated risk factors for pediatric allergic diseases associated with the state of emergency owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, including during school closures.

Methods:
Parents of pediatric patients (0–15 years) with allergies were enrolled and queried regarding the impact of school closure on pediatric allergies compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
A valid response was obtained from 2302 parents; 1740 of them had children with food allergies. Approximately 4% (62/1740) of the parents reported accidental food allergen ingestion was increased compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic. Accidental ingestion during school closures was associated with increased contact with meals containing allergens meant for siblings or other members of the family at home. The exacerbation rate during the pandemic was highest for atopic dermatitis at 13% (127/976), followed by allergic rhinitis at 8% (58/697), and bronchial asthma at 4% (27/757). The main risk factors for worsening atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma were contact dermatitis of the mask area (34/120 total comments); home allergens, such as mites, dogs, and cats (15/51 total comments); and seasonal changes (6/25 total comments), respectively.

Conclusion:
The main factors affecting allergic diseases were likely related to increased time at home, preventive measures against COVID-19, and refraining from doctor visits. Children with allergies were affected by changes in social conditions; however, some factors, such as preventing accidental ingestion and the management of allergens at home, were similar to those before the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients who had received instructions on allergen avoidance at home before the pandemic were able to manage their disease better even when their social conditions changed.
Induction of a type 2 inflammatory chronic rhinosinusitis in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Li Ying , He Ping , Yan Bing , Ren Yimin , Cui Bangyu , Wang Ming , Ma Siyuan , Yang Jun , Zhang Luo , Wang Chengshuo 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been widely studied for its intractability and high recurrence rate. It can be divided into pure and mixed type 2 CRS subtypes. Mouse models that reflect pure type 2 inflammation of CRS are lacking.

Objective:
This study aims to establish a relatively pure type 2 CRS mouse model and compare it with 2 mixed type 2 CRS models.

Methods:
Three mouse CRS models were constructed: (1) aerosol ovalbumin (OVA) + aspergillus oryzae-derived protease (AP); (2) intranasal OVA + AP; (3) Intraperitoneal then intranasal OVA + AP (n = 10 per group). Nasal, lung symptoms, IgE, inflammatory cells, cytokines, and remodeling factors were evaluated.

Results:
Histological and micro-computed tomography showed inflammation, polyps, and opacification in all 3 experimental groups. The aerosol group had significantly increased local eosinophils and type 2 cytokines, while other types of cytokines showed no noticeable change. The nasal instillation groups also showed elevated other inflammatory factors and tissue polypoid changes were more pronounced. More severe pulmonary inflammation was observed with aerosol delivery.

Conclusion:
Aerosol inhalation mouse model is superior for studying nasal relatively pure type 2 inflammation and lower airway comorbidities.
Outcomes After Pseudomonas Prosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Kim Billy I. , Schwartz Andrew M. , Wixted Colleen M. , Prado Isabel P. , Polascik Breanna A. , Seidelman Jessica L. , Seyler Thorsten M. 
Published: February 2024

Background:

Pseudomonas species are a less common but devastating pathogen family in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Despite advancements in management, Pseudomonas PJIs remain particularly difficult to treat because of limited antibiotic options and robust biofilm formation. This study aimed to evaluate Pseudomonas PJI outcomes at a single institution and review outcomes reported in the current literature.

Methods:
All hip or knee PJIs at a single institution with positive Pseudomonas culture were evaluated. Forty-two patients (24 hips, 18 knees) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. The primary outcome of interest was infection clearance at 1 year after surgical treatment, defined as reassuring aspirate without ongoing antibiotic treatment. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections were analyzed separately. A focused literature review of infection clearance after Pseudomonas PJIs was performed.

Results:
One-year infection clearance was 58% (n = 11/19) for monomicrobial PJIs and 35% (n = 8/23) for polymicrobial PJIs. Among monomicrobial infections, the treatment success was 63% for patients treated with DAIR and 55% for patients treated with two-stage exchange. Monotherapy with an oral or intravenous antipseudomonal agent (minimum 6 weeks) displayed the lowest 1-year clearance of 50% (n = 6/12). Resistance to antipseudomonal agents was present in 16% (n = 3/19), and two of eight patients with monomicrobial and polymicrobial PJIs developed resistance to antipseudomonal therapy in a subsequent Pseudomonas PJI. Polymicrobial infections (55%) were more common with a mortality rate of 44% (n = 10/23) at a median follow-up of 3.6 years.

Conclusion:

Pseudomonas infections often present as polymicrobial PJIs but are difficult to eradicate in either polymicrobial or monomicrobial setting. A review of the current literature on Pseudomonas PJI reveals favorable infection clearance rates (63 to 80%) after DAIR while infection clearance rates (33 to 83%) vary widely after two-stage revision.
Influence of Preoperative Deformity on Flexion Gap Asymmetry in Measured Resection Technique: A Theoretical Study in Navigated Gap Balancing Total Knee Arthroplasties, Done for Varus Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kanna Raj , Kumar V. Senthil , Karthikeyan Vijaya , Anand Sumit , Ravichandran Chandramohan , Murali S. M. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Disagreement exists on (a) achieving a symmetrical flexion gap and (b) the influence of varus deformity on the flexion gap asymmetry (FGA) in measured resection (MR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aimed to determine the FGA and influence of preoperative deformity on the FGA, based on the MR technique, in varus knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:
In 321 navigated TKAs, we released the soft tissues in extension. In 90° flexion, with the tensioner in situ, we calculated the FGA, the angle between the posterior femoral cut (planned 3° external rotation to the posterior condylar line, parallel to the surgical transepicondylar axis, or perpendicular to the Whiteside line) and the proximal tibial resection plane.

Results:
The FGA values varied widely, and the risk of >2° and >3° FGA was present in at least 60% and 40% knees, respectively. These risks were high in knees with moderate and severe varus deformity.

Conclusions:
In varus knee osteoarthritis, the risk of FGA (based on the MR technique) was high, especially when the deformity was moderate to severe. Caution is required in MR TKA, and surgeons must consider safer alternatives (gap balancing or hybrid technique) to achieve a symmetrical flexion gap in these knees.
The Possibility of Spectroscopic Analysis of Model Samples of Modern Pigments
Authors: Svobodová Eva , Kopecká Ivana 
Published: February 2024

The identification of the composition of the paint layers (binders, additives, and pigments) is essential for the work of conservators and can also be used in many cases to determine the date of creation of works of modern art. Spectroscopic methods, specifically FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, are most commonly used to analyse modern pigments. These two methods complement each other and together provide a comprehensive view of the composition of the paint layer. The abilities of both spectroscopic techniques to identify pigments in the paint layer were investigated on a set of 24 model samples of pigment, the white, and binder mixtures and then verified by an analysis of a real sample.