bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MULTIOMIC SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF LIFESPAN-EXTENDING INTERVENTIONS IN MOUSE TISSUES
Authors: Watanabe Kengo , Wilmanski Tomasz , Baloni Priyanka , Robinson Max , Fiehn Oliver , Moritz Robert , Miller Richard , Rappaport Noa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aging is associated with dysregulation of molecular, cellular, and physiological processes. Nutritional and pharmacological interventions with different postulated modes of action have been shown to extend lifespan and delay aging-related diseases in model organisms, suggesting the existence of core cellular processes that mediate the effect on lifespan and healthspan. However, these underlying molecular processes remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we analyzed multiomic tissue-derived data of lifespan-extending interventions in mice including metabolomics and proteomics from the NIA Longevity Consortium and previously reported transcriptomics. We applied three systems techniques, differential rank conservation (DIRAC) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and mouse genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) reconstruction, to the mouse liver proteomic and transcriptomic datasets of lifespan-extending interventions (e.g., acarbose, 17α-estradiol, and rapamycin). We found that these interventions generally strengthen the rank conservation of biological processes and shift metabolic fluxes, with fatty acid metabolism emerging as a common process affected by multiple interventions. We then applied these approaches to an expanded experimental data with additional interventions (e.g., canagliflozin) and tissues (e.g., kidney, muscle, and plasma), confirming our results and further observing varied inter-omic and inter-tissue patterns exerted by lifespan-extending interventions. Our findings highlight the potential of integrative systems analysis to elucidate common and unique cellular and physiological changes relating to aging and lifespan-extending interventions, which have translational potential as preventive and prognostic measures to improve human health.
DELAYED RETIREMENT IN ISRAEL: FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE NEW POLICY SUPPORT
Authors: Ermoshkina Polina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Policies that defer retirement age are fiscally justifiable, but not unanimously supported by the citizens. Studies in other countries (United Kingdom, Sweden, and Norway) show that occupational environment (feeling unappreciated at work, having a physically demanding job) affects workers’ support for pension reform. Israel is a unique national context for this question because of the high proportion of immigrants who had not spent their working lives in Israel. This study used The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Israel (2005-2006) to examine how the current job conditions (having a physically demanding job, having a job that allows workers to develop new skills, receiving support from the supervisors, job satisfaction) affect Israeli workers’ attitudes towards delayed retirement age. The analysis was limited to 482 respondents. The average age of the participants was 64.1 (SD=10.1) years. The participants included veteran Jewish-Israelis, Arab-Israelis, and new immigrants from the former Soviet Union. Nearly 40 percent of the respondents were very interested in working until the new retirement age yet 24.73% were not interested at all. Multiple correlation showed that low job satisfaction, having a physically demanding job, and having a job that does not allow one to develop new skills were associated with low interest in prolonged retirement age. Gender, birthplace, and having adequate support at work were not associated with workers’ support for delayed retirement. These findings indicate that older adults in demanding, low-reward work most strongly oppose extended working life.
FROM THE WORKROOM TO THE BEDROOM: MEDIATING EFFECTS OF WORK-TO-FAMILY SPILLOVER ON WORK CHARACTERISTICS AND SLEEP
Authors: Huang Kian , Mu Christina , Smith Claire , Lee Soomi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Negative and positive work experiences may spillover to the home domain and harm one’s sleep. This study investigated whether work-to-family spillover mediates the relationship between work characteristics and sleep health. Full-time workers (n=2,106) from the Midlife in the United States Study provided Time-1 data (T1: 2004-2006); a sub-set (n=1,444) was reassessed at Time-2 (T2: 2013-2015). Both negative work characteristics (perceived unfairness at work and job discrimination) and positive work characteristics (coworker support and supervisor support) were assessed. Mediating variables were negative work-to-family spillover (NWFS) and positive work-to-family spillover (PWFS), and outcome was an overall sleep health score that sums across irregularity, dissatisfaction, nap frequency, inefficiency, and suboptimal sleep duration (higher=poorer sleep health). PROCESS Macro evaluated cross-sectional (T1) and longitudinal (T1-T2) mediation pathways, adjusting for sociodemographics, neuroticism, and work hours. NWFS was a consistent mechanism connecting work characteristics and sleep health. Cross-sectionally, higher NWFS mediated the associations of higher unfairness with poorer sleep health and a sub-dimension of greater dissatisfaction (B=0.09, SE=0.04; B=0.12, SE=0.06, respectively). Higher NFWS also mediated the association between higher discrimination and higher sleep dissatisfaction (p=.008). Longitudinally, an increase in unfairness from T1 to T2 was associated with an increase in irregular sleep at T2 (adjusting for T1 unfairness) through increases in NWFS (p= 0.038). PWFS was not a significant mechanism linking positive work experiences and sleep health, although more coworker and supervisor support were associated with better sleep health. Findings suggest that organizations should limit instances of unfairness and discrimination at work to promote employee sleep health.
DECISION MAKING ABOUT LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT FOR UNREPRESENTED ADULTS IN KOREAN HOSPITALS
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Choi Jiyeon , Lee Won , Lee Ilhak , Song Mi-Kyung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In South Korea, unrepresented adults are individuals who lack decision-making capacity, written treatment preferences, and available immediate family. Since the enactment of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act in 2018, ethical and legal dilemmas surrounding decision-making about life-sustaining treatments for unrepresented patients have emerged among healthcare providers in hospitals. Thus, the objectives of this qualitative descriptive study were to explore decision-making practices about life-sustaining treatments for unrepresented patients.

METHODS
We interviewed 37 healthcare providers including physicians, nurses, and social workers from 22 hospitals in South Korea, and analyzed the interview data using a directed content analytic technique. RESULTS: Healthcare providers reported a lack of decision-making guidelines regarding life-sustaining treatments for unrepresented patients in their institutions or being uncertain about the presence of such guidelines. Physicians primarily make decisions about life-sustaining treatments for these patients. Ethics committees’ involvement in such decision-making is minimal in most hospitals. Basic life-sustaining treatments are usually initiated if necessary. However, life-sustaining treatments unrepresented patients are currently receiving cannot be discontinued even though those treatments seem pointless. Thus, additional life-sustaining treatments (e.g., extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) tend to be withheld. Important considerations in the decision-making process include the person’s reversibility, risk of adverse events, and medical costs. CONCLUSION: Decision-making about life-sustaining treatments for unrepresented patients is currently in legally blind spots in South Korea. Reforms in regulations and policies surrounding such decision-making practices for unrepresented patients and the development of institutional guidelines are urgently necessary to improve decision-making practices about life-sustaining treatments for these individuals.
PATIENT AND CARE PARTNER QUESTIONS AND CLINICIAN RESPONSES DURING INITIAL OUTPATIENT PALLIATIVE CARE APPOINTMENTS
Authors: McDarby Meghan , Silverstein Hannah , Rosa William , Parker Patricia , Carpenter Brian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Person-centered palliative care (PC) requires person-centered communication. This study characterized questions asked by persons with neurologic illnesses and their care partners and PC clinicians’ responses. We analyzed audio recordings from 38 initial outpatient PC appointments to characterize questions stated by patients and care partners. Based on previous research, we identified two question types: direct questions (typically-phrased, stated to obtain or clarify information) and indirect questions (declarative statements, not phrased as a typical question, made with information seeking intent). We rated the completeness of clinicians’ responses on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 (completely addressed question and provided additional information) to 4 (no response). We also coded features of clinicians’ responses, including offers of support or action and unprompted recommendations. Patients and care partners asked both direct (n = 442; 79.6%) and indirect (n = 113; 20.4%) questions. More than 60% of all questions were about symptoms, treatment, and lifestyle issues. Clinicians responded to 90.9% of direct questions and 90.2% of indirect questions; their responses to both question types were similar in completeness (median = 1, mode = 1). Clinicians’ responses to direct questions included more offers of support or action compared to responses to indirect questions (17% v. 11%). Responses to indirect questions included more unprompted recommendations compared to responses to direct questions (21% v. 9%). Persons with neurologic illnesses and their care partners use different question types to obtain information during PC appointments. Implications include the need for clinician training to effectively respond to different question types and topics.
AGE INVARIANCE IN THE FACTOR STRUCTURE OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES ACROSS THE LIFESPAN
Authors: Rusch Amber , Patrick Julie Hicks 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with negative health and well-being across the adult life span. However, it is unclear whether measures of ACEs are equally predictive for adults of differing ages. Using responses from 125,212 adults on the 11-items in the ACEs Module from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we conducted both an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Our EFA identified three interpretable factors, including a 3-item sexual abuse factor (α = .80), a 3-item physical/emotional abuse factor (α = .69) and a 5-item household dysfunction factor (α = .64). Results of our CFA supported the 3-factor solution, X2 (DF = 11) = 14.289, p &lt; .001. A series of 1-way ANOVAS examined age differences in childhood adversity, where middle aged adults reported experiencing more sexual abuse relative to younger and older adults, and younger adults reported experiencing more physical/emotional abuse and household dysfunction compared to middle-aged who reported more than older adults. Additional analyses examined the influence of adverse childhood experiences on physical and mental health outcomes, including depression. Our analyses highlight the persistent effect of ACEs across the lifespan and identify a need for intervention resources for younger and middle-aged adults in order to mitigate effects of ACEs at late life.
EVIDENCE OF AGE BIAS ON THE ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Authors: Stone-Bury Lisa , Premovich Alyssa , Segal Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Previous research established substantial age bias on personality disorder (PD) diagnostic criteria for older adults. The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a new model of PDs proposed in DSM-5’s Section III that measures PDs dimensionally along two criteria: personality functioning with four domains (measured by the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale; LPFS) and pathological personality traits with five domains (measured by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5; PID-5). This study examined age bias on the AMPD in a cross-sectional design. Method: Older (n = 200) and younger adults (n = 213) completed the LPFS-Self-Report (LPFS-SR) and the PID-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF).

Results
Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses were computed on items of the LPFS-SR and PID-5-BF. An item exhibits DIF if two age groups with similar levels of an underlying scale have different probabilities of endorsing an item. Overall, 18 of 80 items on the LPFS-SR demonstrated large DIF. The Empathy (50% of items) and Intimacy (25% of items) domains were most aged biased. For the PID-5-BF, 10 of 25 items showed large DIF. All five domains demonstrated large age bias, with Psychoticism (100% of items) most impacted. Across both DIF models, items showed evidence of being biased for (disproportionately high endorsement of an item) or against (disproportionately low endorsement) older adults.

Discussion
Findings indicate meaningful age bias on both AMPD diagnostic criteria, indicating that older adults are at-risk of being under- and over-diagnosed with PDs under the AMPD. Revision of the AMPD is warranted to achieve age neutrality.
THE EFFECT OF LIFESPAN TRAUMA EXPOSURE ON PATHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY TRAITS
Authors: Stone-Bury Lisa , Hurd Julie , Segal Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a dimensional model of personality disorder pathology focusing on pathological personality traits, with five trait domains. Limited knowledge exists about relationships between cumulative exposure to traumatic events and the AMPD, a gap particularly relevant for older adults who have had a lifetime of potential exposure. Method: Older adults (n = 200) completed the Trauma Health Questionnaire (THQ) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5).

Results
Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed significant differences in the five PID-5 domains across four levels of cumulative trauma exposure (Pillai’s Trace =.14, F(5, 519) =1.73, p =.04, ηp2=.05). Years since first traumatic event was not significant as a covariate (Pillai’s Trace =.02, F(4, 173) =0.80, p =.55, ηp2=.02). Significant group differences were found in the PID-5’s Psychoticism (F(3, 175) = 5.71, p &lt; .001, ηp2 = .09) and Detachment (F(3, 175) = 2.91, p = .03, ηp2 = .05). According to Bonferroni post-hoc tests, the high trauma exposure group was significantly higher in Psychoticism than low trauma exposure, low to medium trauma exposure, and medium to high trauma exposure groups. For Detachment, the high trauma exposure group was significantly higher than the low trauma exposure and low to medium exposure groups.

Discussion
Findings suggest that cumulative trauma exposure is associated with specific pathological personality traits in older adults. High levels of trauma exposure may be particularly related to eccentric and detached traits that persist in later life, reflecting the need for clinical assessment in both domains.
THE IMPACT OF GROUP-LED YOGA AND MINDFULNESS ON MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH IN SOUTH ASIAN WOMEN
Authors: Jiwani Rozmin , Malik Mishel , Mithani Sara , Espinoza Sara , Serra Monica 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
One in five South Asians (people from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) living in the U.S. report experiencing a mental illness, with women reporting a three-fold greater risk of distress than men. South Asian women commonly interpret mental health symptoms as physical illnesses and resist seeking medical help. Yoga is a multifaceted, effective practice promoting well-being by integrating mind and body. This study aims to determine the feasibility and impact of a 12-week (Jan-April 2023) yoga and mindfulness intervention on mental and physical health outcomes in South Asian women. Thirty community-dwelling South Asian immigrant women, age ≥45 years were recruited to complete weekly 90-minute sessions of Ashtanga yoga including meditation and mindfulness practice. We are currently reporting baseline and 6-week data of mindfulness and physical activity self-reported questionnaires as the intervention is ongoing, but 12-week data will be available for the final presentation. At baseline, participants were 53±6 years old and a majority (80%) were overweight/obese with BMI ≥25kg/m2. At 6 weeks, twenty-eight (93%) participants continued with the study and twenty-five (83%) attended ≥4 of the 6 sessions. By 6 weeks, participants’ scores improved on Five Facet Mindfulness by 17% (p&lt; 0.001) and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise by 15% (p&gt;0.05) from baseline. These results suggest the preliminary feasibility, retention, and potential impact of the intervention on mental health outcomes in this population. Future directions include developing a large-scale, randomized lifestyle intervention trial to delay/manage mental health outcomes in South Asian women of all ages.
URBAN OLDER ADULTS PERSPECTIVES ON NATURE: A DIRECTED CONTENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Cassidy Jessica , Lee Kathy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Biophilia is a theory which hypothesizes humans have an instinctual desire to interact with nature that in turn, supports health and well-being outcomes through gains in physical and mental functioning. This study aimed to explore how concepts outlined in the theory of Biophilia related to urban older adults’ experiences and perceptions of nature. This secondary data analysis examined five focus groups with community-dwelling, urban older adults. All participants were female, and majority were African Americans (83.3%). Using directed content analysis, we developed a codebook from concepts and mechanisms outlined in the theory of Biophilia. Our analysis resulted in six themes, 1) Infinite wonder of nature; 2) Nature activating long-term memories; 3) Nature influencing feelings of well-being; 4) Connecting with nature; 5) Conservation ethic; and 6) Nature across the lifespan. Overall, the data fit the theory well. Through the lens of Biophilia we understood why the sample of participants valued their interactions with nature, as well as how experiences in nature promoted their feelings of well-being. We observed appreciation for nature interactions can deepen in later life suggesting nature-based interventions may be especially well-suited for older adult populations. We suggest the theory of Biophilia can lend well to public health approaches towards addressing the social and economic implications presented by growing numbers of urban dwelling older adults. Moreover, Biophilia can provide a theoretical basis for tailoring nature-based interventions delivered across a variety of settings to match diverse study goals and overall, to promote the health and well-being of older adults.
CHILDHOOD PARENT–CHILD RELATIONSHIP, PARTNER RELATIONSHIP CLOSENESS, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Zhou Zexi , Qu Yang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Attachment theory suggests that quality of early-life parent-child relationships may influence how people establish other types of relationships (e.g., romantic relationship, friendship) later in life, and have long-lasting effects on individuals’ psychosocial development. Yet, little research has investigated whether such effects may last until later adulthood and the potential moderators in these processes. To address this issue, this study examined the associations among childhood parent-child relationship quality, current partner relationship closeness, and depressive symptoms in late life using a sample of 12,292 community-dwelling adults aged 51 or older (Mage = 63.15, 51% female). We leveraged the seven-wave longitudinal data between 2006–2018 from the Health and Retirement Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the CESD score at each wave. Participants also reported closeness with their partner every other wave, and relationship quality with their parents in childhood. Multilevel models showed that better mother-child and father-child relationships during childhood were both associated with greater closeness with partner in late life, especially for female compared to male. Poorer childhood mother-child relationship was associated more depressive symptoms in late life, but this association was attenuated for those who overall reported a greater level of closeness with their partner over the study period. The findings suggest that negative early life parent-child relationship may put people at greater risk for developing depressive symptoms and weaker social connections in late life, and highlight the protective role of positive partner relationship in buffering this association.
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AFTER FRAILTY ONSET AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Xu Hui-wen , Chen Yu-Ming , Yang Zhou , Xu Bei-bei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Frailty could be the teachable moment to promote a lifestyle change for middle-aged and older adults. This study aimed to investigate the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on lifestyle changes among frail adults aged ≥50 years. A total of 5,440 frail individuals aged ≥50 years from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2004-2020 were included. The Paulson–Lichtenberg Frailty Index was used to measure frailty. Lifestyle included smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sleep problems. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle change among frail participants. After frailty, a higher proportion of individuals reported maintaining their smoking and drinking status without change. Compared to increased physical activity, more people reported reducing their low, moderate, and high-intensity physical activity. Similarly, a greater proportion of individuals reported worsened sleep problems compared to those who experienced improvements in sleep problems. Age was negatively associated with quitting smoking and increased light, moderate, as well as vigorous physical activity, while was positively associated with improving sleep problems. Males were more likely to quit smoking, quit drinking, and increase light physical activity. Individuals with medium and high education levels were more likely to quit drinking and less likely to increase moderate physical activity. A sensitivity analysis based on the 4-year interval between pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis of frailty showed that being unmarried was associated with an increased likelihood of quitting smoking. Some people reported lifestyle changes after frailty. Age, gender, marital status, and education levels may affect lifestyle changes after frailty.