bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of celecoxib and infusional 5‐fluorouracil as second‐line treatment for advanced pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Milella Michele , Gelibter Alain , Cosimo Serena Di , Bria Emilio , Ruggeri Enzo Maria , Carlini Paolo , Malaguti Paola , Pellicciotta Mario , Terzoli Edmondo , Cognetti Francesco 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is up‐regulated frequently and may constitute a promising therapeutic target in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).METHODSPatients with advanced PDAC who had progressive disease after gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy were eligible for this pilot study. Treatment was comprised of oral celecoxib (400 mg twice daily) and protracted intravenous (i.v.) infusion 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) (200 mg/m2 per day), both given continuously for a maximum of 9 treatment months, in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients were examined weekly for toxicity and were restaged every 6–8 weeks for tumor assessment.RESULTSSeventeen patients entered the study. Asymptomatic transaminase elevation was the most common toxicity and reached NCI‐CTC (version 3.0) Grade 3–4 in 4 of 133 treatment weeks. No other hematologic or nonhematologic toxicity > Grade 2 was observed. Four patients discontinued celecoxib due to upper gastrointestinal tract toxicity. Two confirmed partial responses (durations of 23 weeks and 68 weeks, respectively) and 2 patients with stable disease (durations of 10 weeks and 13 weeks, respectively) were observed for an overall response rate of 12% (95% confidence interval, 0–27%) in the intent‐to‐treat population. A significant decrease (≥ 50%) in serum CA 19.9 levels was observed in 3 of 9 evaluable patients. The median time to disease progression was 8 weeks, and the median overall survival was 15 weeks.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of oral celecoxib and 5‐FU by protracted i.v. infusion was found to be feasible and well tolerated, and was capable of inducing durable objective responses, even in patients with far advanced, gemcitabine‐resistant/refractory PDAC. Further exploration of COX‐2 inhibitor/fluropyrimidine combinations is warranted. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Design of a base station antenna with 60° beam width in the horizontal plane for cellular mobile radios
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuki , Ebine Yoshio 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSince the base station antennas for mobile communications are installed on the same steel towers as the antennas of several communication systems, antenna installation space is very congested. Therefore, these antennas are often installed on the roofs of buildings. Reduction of the installation space and of the wind load is highly desirable. In order to reduce the wind load, it is necessary to make the area exposed to the wind (the antenna aperture width) smaller. In this paper, miniaturization of the base station antenna for a six‐sector wireless zone configuration is discussed. The antenna consists of two‐element dipole antennas with a planar reflector. The main reflector width is 0.5λ and the antenna aperture width is 0.62λ in the design. By making the size of the main reflector smaller, reduction of the antenna aperture width is attempted. By an appropriate configuration of the side reflector plate and the parasitic element, the increase of the beam width and the degradation of the front‐to‐back ratio are limited. Reduction of the main reflector width by 50% and of the antenna aperture width by 38% is found to be possible. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 68–76, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10185
An implementation and verification of a hierarchical architecture for IP traceback
Authors: Oe Masafumi , Kadobayashi Youki 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIP traceback is a technique to combat distributed denial of service attacks. This technique can specify the routers in the path of the attack flow with forged source addresses. Although several techniques have been proposed to solve this problem, a variety of problems arise when operating on the actual Internet. We proposed a hierarchical architecture for IP traceback as a solution to these problems. In this paper, we define each type of protocol, design architecture for a prototype implementation, and verify its operation. Based on the results, we found that a large‐scale simulation was needed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 49–56, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10202
FDTD analysis of active integrated antenna with amplifier
Authors: Michishita Naobumi , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this paper, an FDTD analysis is carried out for an active integrated antenna with an amplifier. The GaAs FET used in the amplifier is expressed in terms of TriQuint's Own Model (TOM) and the numerical results of its state equation are combined with the FDTD method by way of the voltage source method. As a result of investigation of the method for application of the bias voltage in a 8.5‐GHz low‐noise amplifier, it is found that convergence to the set voltage is obtained by applying the voltages via shorting pins after all bias circuits are modeled. Also, the analysis and experimental results of the radiation patterns of the active patch antenna are compared. It is found that the cross polarization level is increased due to the currents flowing in the drain bias line placed near the patch antenna. Finally, the radiation characteristics of the active slot antenna are investigated. It is confirmed that the cross polarization can be reduced by separating the radiating part and the circuit part on opposite sides of the substrate. The method proposed in this paper allows design of the entire antenna structure integrated with active devices, including the effect of the coupling between the circuit elements, impedance matching conditions, and radiation patterns. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 21–29, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10213
Development of circular patch‐type electric field sensor for printed circuits
Authors: Kurokawa Satoru , Sato Toru 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAs a sensor that can measure the signals at around several gigahertz propagating on a printed circuit board, a near‐field sensor with a patch antenna configuration is conceived. The tested sensor is the first to measure the electric field component perpendicular to the transmission line dominant near the microstrip line. In the range from 1 to 10 GHz, the signals on the microstrip line can be measured with a variation level of less than 4 dB. In this paper, the effect of the physical shape of the sensor on the characteristics is verified by the FDTD numerical calculations. The effectiveness of the sensor is demonstrated by test fabrication. Since the present sensor has a configuration without a balun, it is possible to increase the operating frequency by selecting the permittivity of the material used for the sensor and by reducing the size. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 57–67, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20143
Cycloaddition Behavior of Electron‐Poor 1,2‐Thiaphospholes
Authors: Dietz Jochen , Renner Jens , Bergsträßer Uwe , Binger Paul , Regitz Manfred 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe acceptor‐substituted 1,2‐thiaphospholes 1 react regioselectively with the electron‐rich acetylenes 2 at −78 °C by [2+2] cycloaddition to afford the novel heterobicyclic compounds 4. As demonstrated by the examples of their reactions with nonacarbonyldiiron(0) and the pentacarbonyltungsten fragment, compounds 4 are able to function as ligands in complex compounds. In addition, the electron‐rich double bond in the bicyclic compound 4a is amenable to further reactions. Hence, treatment with mesitylenecarbonitrile oxide (7) proceeds through a chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition to afford the novel heterocyclic system 8. On the other hand, the heterocyclic compounds 1a, 1d, 1e, and 1i react with 2 equiv. of cyclooctyne (9) only at 100 °C, to afford the sulfur‐containing phosphabarrelenes 10, together with the tricyclic compounds 11. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Preferred Formation of anti‐Housane (Retention) in the Sensitized Photodenitrogenation of Cyclopentane‐Annellated DBH‐Type Azoalkanes through Long‐Range Steric Effects in the Cyclization of the Triplet Cyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl Diradicals
Authors: Adam Waldemar , Diedering Manfred , Martí Vicente 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe photolysis of the cyclopentene‐ and cyclopentane‐annellated DBH‐type azoalkanes 1a and 1b affords under singlet conditions (high‐temperature direct photolysis) predominantly the inverted housanes syn‐2 in similar amounts for both derivatives 2a and 2b. Under triplet conditions (low‐temperature direct or benzophenone‐sensitized photolysis), the photolysis leads to the retained housane anti‐2 as the major diastereomer, but with a substantial difference in the syn/anti‐housane ratio for 2a (38:62) and for 2b (6:94). This significant difference in the anti stereoselectivity of the triplet pathway is mechanistically rationalized in terms of long‐range steric interactions between the annellated ring and the gem‐dimethyl‐substituted methylene bridge during the cyclization of the cyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl triplet diradical 3DR after ISC. In contrast, the denitrogenation of the intermediary diazenyl diradical 1DZ along the SH2 pathway (inversion) for the singlet process is quite insensitive to these remote steric effects. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Deletion mapping suggests that the 1p22 melanoma susceptibility gene is a tumor suppressor localized to a 9‐mb interval
Authors: Walker Graeme J. , Indsto James O. , Sood Raman , Faruque Mezbah U. , Hu Ping , Pollock Pam M. , Duray Paul , Holland Elizabeth A. , Brown Kevin , Kefford Richard F. , Trent Jeffrey M. , Mann Graham J. , Hayward Nicholas K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractLoss of the short arm of chromosome 1 is frequently observed in many tumor types, including melanoma. We recently localized a third melanoma susceptibility locus to chromosome band 1p22. Critical recombinants in linked families localized the gene to a 15‐Mb region between D1S430 and D1S2664. To map the locus more finely we have performed studies to assess allelic loss across the region in a panel of melanomas from 1p22‐linked families, sporadic melanomas, and melanoma cell lines. Eighty percent of familial melanomas exhibited loss of heterozygosity (LOH) within the region, with a smallest region of overlapping deletions (SRO) of 9 Mb between D1S207 and D1S435. This high frequency of LOH makes it very likely that the susceptibility locus is a tumor suppressor. In sporadic tumors, four SROs were defined. SRO1 and SRO2 map within the critical recombinant and familial tumor region, indicating that one or the other is likely to harbor the susceptibility gene. However, SRO3 may also be significant because it overlaps with the markers with the highest 2‐point LOD score (D1S2776), part of the linkage recombinant region, and the critical region defined in mesothelioma. The candidate genes PRKCL2 and GTF2B, within SRO2, and TGFBR3, CDC7, and EVI5, in a broad region encompassing SRO3, were screened in 1p22‐linked melanoma kindreds, but no coding mutations were detected. Allelic loss in melanoma cell lines was significantly less frequent than in fresh tumors, indicating that this gene may not be involved late in progression, such as in overriding cellular senescence, necessary for the propagation of melanoma cells in culture. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epigenetic regulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter activity during cellular differentiation
Authors: Liu Liang , Saldanha Sabita N. , Pate Mitchell S. , Andrews Lucy G. , Tollefsbol Trygve O. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene is transcriptionally inactivated in most differentiated cells but is reactivated in the majority of cancer cells. To elucidate how TERT is inactivated during differentiation, we applied all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to induce the differentiation of human teratocarcinoma (HT) cells and human acute myeloid leukemia (HL60) cells. We first showed that TERT promoter activity decreased rapidly, which preceded a gradual loss of endogenous telomerase activity following ATRA induction. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the reduced TERT promoter activity during differentiation, we performed epigenetic studies on the TERT promoter and found a progressive histone hypoacetylation coupled with a gradual accumulation of methylated cytosines in the TERT promoter. We also observed that the TERT promoter was less methylated in pluripotent HT cells than in multipotent HL60 cells throughout a 12‐day differentiation process. This origin‐dependent epigenetic change was also confirmed in histone acetylation studies, indicating that the TERT promoter was more resistant to deacetylation in HT cells than in HL60 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate synergistic involvement of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation in the down‐regulation of TERT promoter activity that may be dependent on the origin of the cell types, and they add new insight into the way telomerase activity may be regulated during differentiation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel role for Bsd2 in the resistance of yeast to adriamycin
Authors: Takahashi Tsutomu , Furuchi Takemitsu , Naganuma Akira 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn a search for undiscovered mechanisms of resistance to adriamycin, we screened a genomic library derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for genes related to adriamycin resistance. To our surprise, we found that overexpression of BSD2 rendered yeast cells resistant to adriamycin. Downregulation of the metal transporters Smf1 and Smf2 is the only activity of Bsd2 reported to date, and Bsd2 deficiency increases intracellular levels of Smf1 and Smf2. SMF2‐disrupted cells exhibited significantly greater resistance to adriamycin, whereas the resistance of SMF1‐disrupted cells was only slightly improved. The sensitivity of the SMF1‐ and SMF2‐disrupted yeast cell line overexpressing BSD2 was almost the same as that of the BSD2‐overexpressing parental yeast cell. Thus the overexpression of BSD2 and the disruption of SMF1 and SMF2 might be involved in the same mechanism that confers resistance to adriamycin. Although both SMF1‐ and SMF2‐disrupted cells were very sensitive to EGTA, overexpression of BSD2 had little or no effect on sensitivity to EGTA. However, a partial decrease in the intracellular level of FLAG‐Smf2 was observed by overexpression of BSD2. Thus, the resistance to adriamycin acquired by overexpression of BSD2 might be partially explained by down‐regulation of Smf2, but in addition to Smf2, other as of yet unidentified targets of Bsd2 must also be responsible for the resistance. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance study of modified ZSM‐5 as support for bimetallic chromium–copper catalysts for VOC combustion
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi , Abu Bakar Mohamad Zailani , Bhatia Subhash 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe catalytic performance of bimetallic chromium–copper supported over untreated ZSM‐5 (CrCu/Z), ZSM‐5 treated with silicon tetrachloride (Cr–Cu/SiCl4‐Z) and ZSM‐5 treated with steam (Cr–Cu/H2O‐Z) is reported. The activity is based on the combustion of ethyl ethanoate and benzene at a feed concentration of 2000 ppm and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 32 000 h−1. Due to higher reactivity and larger molecular size compared with that of water molecules, SiCl4 reacted at the external surface of ZSM‐5 crystals. Cr–Cu/SiCl4‐Z and Cr–Cu/H2O‐Z both gave slightly lower conversion and carbon dioxide yield compared with Cr–Cu/Z. This was attributed to larger active metal crystallites formed in the mesopores and narrowing pore mouth and pore intersection by extraframework species. Cr–Cu/SiCl4‐Z and Cr–Cu/H2O‐Z both had reduced concentration and strength of acid sites, thus making them less susceptible to deactivation by coking. The coke accumulated by these two catalysts was relatively softer and more easily decomposed in oxygen during catalyst regeneration. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic behaviour of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of salicylic acid in aqueous TiO2 microsphere suspension
Authors: Li XZ , Liu H , Cheng LF , Tong HJ 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new photocatalyst, named TiO2 microspheres, prepared by a sol‐spraying‐calcination method, can freely suspend with air bubbling in its aqueous suspension and easily settle down from a water phase under gravity. The experimental results demonstrated that TiO2 microspheres had better adsorption capacity than conventional TiO2 powders, due to large surface area, large pore volume, and also a porous structure. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 microspheres in aqueous suspension was evaluated using salicylic acid (SA) as a model substrate. It was found that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model in its integral form described the kinetics of SA photocatalytic degradation in the TiO2 microsphere suspensions better than its simplified form as a first‐order reaction model, since the significant substrate adsorption on the catalysts was not negligible. The kinetics of SA photocatalytic degradation with different initial concentrations and pH was further investigated. The experiments demonstrated that the change of pH could significantly affect the adsorption of SA in the TiO2 microsphere suspensions. The effects of substrate adsorption rate and photoreaction rate on the overall performance of photocatalytic degradation is also discussed on the basis of experimental data. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of rapid mixing on the break‐up and re‐formation of flocs
Authors: Yukselen Mehmet Ali , Gregory John 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe effect of rapid mixing on floc formation, breakage and re‐formation using aluminium sulfate (‘alum’), polyaluminium chloride and a cationic polyelectrolyte were investigated using a continuous optical monitoring technique. For the aluminium‐based coagulants it was found that, with shorter times of rapid mix, larger flocs were formed, but only limited re‐growth occurred in all cases, indicating a significant irreversibility of the floc break‐up process. For cationic polyelectrolytes, the re‐growth of flocs occurred to a much greater extent and with longer rapid mix times floc breakage was almost fully reversible. Residual turbidity values before floc breakage and after re‐formation were consistent with the dynamic monitoring results. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of settled piggery waste by a down‐flow anaerobic fixed bed reactor
Authors: Sánchez Enrique , Borja Rafael , Travieso Lissette , Colmenarejo Manuel F , Chica Arturo , Martín Antonio 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA study of the effect of organic volumetric loading rate (BV) on the performance of a down‐flow anaerobic fixed bed reactor (DFAFBR) treating settled piggery waste was carried out at a range of between 1.1 and 6.8 g COD dm−3 d−1. The reactor operated at good removal efficiencies and stability under the operational conditions studied. Logarithmic empirical equations described adequately the removal efficiency for different parameters studied (COD, SCOD, BOD, TS, VS, TSS, VSS and phosphorous). Although process stability was affected by the increase of BV, process failure was not observed. A logarithmic relationship was found to describe the influence of BV on the TVFA/alkalinity ratio (p). A linear correlation was found between the effluent substrate concentration and the values of p and between p and the CO2/CH4 ratio in the biogas. The effect of the hydraulic volumetric loading rate (HV) on the flow pattern of the reactor was evaluated. Dispersion number (Dn) was in the range of 0.17–0.37 for the maximum and minimum values of HV studied, respectively. The ratio between the real and theoretical HRT increased as the HV decreased. These results demonstrate that axial dispersion increased as the HV and the Reynolds number decreased. Due to the hydraulic behaviour of the reactor, the kinetic model developed by Lawrence and McCarty was used for describing the experimental results obtained. Maximum specific substrate removal rate (K), specific organic loading rate constant (KL), microbial decay coefficient (Kd), microbial yield coefficient (Y), maximum microbial growth rate (UM) and saturation constant (KS) were found to be: 3.1 (g COD g VSS−1 d−1), 3.0 (g COD g VSS−1 d−1), 0.062 (d−1), 0.15 (g VSS g COD removed−1), 0.39 (d−1) and 2.6 (g SCOD dm−3), respectively. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation of a yeast, Trichosporon cutaneum, able to use low molecular weight phenolic compounds: application to olive mill waste water treatment
Authors: Chtourou Mohamed , Ammar Emna , Nasri Moncef , Medhioub Khaled 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study deals with the degradation of phenolic compounds in olive oil mill waste; a highly polluting material in olive oil‐producing countries because of its abundance and the toxicity of its phenolic compound content. This investigation confirms the ability of an isolated yeast, identified as Trichosporon cutaneum, to degrade phenolic compounds extracted from olive mill waste water (OMW). The yeast was adapted to the OMW by an enrichment culture. The results of this biotransformation were a decrease in the phenolic content and hence a reduction in the phytotoxic effects of the effluent after the yeast treatment. The kinetic growth of the isolated yeast on phenol over a range of concentrations (0.3–3.0 g dm−3) was studied. The ability of the strain to assimilate simple monomeric phenols and alkyl phenols, at a concentration of 1 g dm−3, in a synthetic liquid medium used as the sole carbon source was investigated in a batch culture. The aromatic ring cleavage pathway occurred in the yeast through catechol oxidation. Using various concentrations of ethyl acetate extract from OMW as the sole carbon source, the yeast exhibited growth on the substrate up to 7 g dm−3 equivalent of phenols. A significant reduction of COD after the treatment of the OMW extract by the yeast isolate was noticed. The removal of phenol and COD exceeded 80% of the original loading after 8 days of treatment, for extracts containing initial COD in the range 19 to 72 g dm−3. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrodialytic removal of cadmium from straw combustion fly ash
Authors: Hansen Henrik K , Ottosen Lisbeth M , Villumsen Arne 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFly ash from straw combustion contains valuable nutrients when returned to agricultural soils. In many instances, however, this fly ash may contain heavy metals, such as cadmium, at levels which often exceed the limits given by the Danish legislation. Thus before utilizing the nutrients, cadmium must be removed from these ashes. The use of an electrodialytic remediation method to remove cadmium from fly ash arising from straw combustion and containing 11.2 mg Cd kg−1 DM (dry matter) was accessed. After 36 days of remediation at a constant current density of 5.6 mA cm−2 more than 97% of the cadmium had been removed from around 150 g ash on a dry basis. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry