bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin class and light chain type of oligoclonal bands in CSF in multiple sclerosis determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation
Authors: Link Hans , Assunta Laurenzi Maria 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAgarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation of CSF and serum from 39 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) revealed oligoclonal IgG in the CSF in all cases and oligoclonal IgA and IgM in 1 patient each. IgG kappa bands only were found in 10 patients, while no patient had IgG lambda bands alone. IgG kappa bands predominated in 20 patients and IgG lambda bands in 5, while 4 patients had the same number of IgG kappa and IgG lambda bands. Twenty‐seven patients also displayed IgG bands with kappa and lambda present simultaneously. Bands of free lambda chains were found in 7 patients, while free kappa chain bands were not seen. One or 2 faint IgG bands in 4 patients constituted the only serum abnormality.In 4 additional MS patients selected on the basis of normal findings on agarose gel electrophoresis of the CSF, immunofixation did not reveal oligoclonal lg, while isoelectric focusing showed bands in 1.Immunofixation is recommended for proving the presence of oligoclonal Ig in CSF and for characterizing oligoclonal Ig into classes and types of light chains.
Bilateral rhinocerebral phycomycosis
Authors: Kasper Lloyd H. , Bernat James L. , Nordgren Richard E. , Reeves Alexander G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 57‐year‐old diabetic woman developed bilateral rhinoorbitocerebral phycomycosis. Successful treatment was accomplished by correction of the ketoacidosis, surgical debridement, and amphotericin B therapy. Rhinoorbitocerebral phycomycosis is a fulminant and frequently fatal disease most often seen in debilitated hosts. This survival suggests that aggressive therapy is indicated in patients with extensive fungal involvement.
Acute generalized polyneuropathy accompanying lithium poisoning
Authors: Brust John C. M. , Hammer Jeffrey S. , Challenor Yasoma , Healton Edward B. , Lesser Ronald P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA woman with typical symptoms of lithium toxicity had, in addition, severe generalized sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, Which cleared completely as she recovered. Electrodiagnostic studies suggested axonal lesions; autopsy ten months latter revealed no residual abnormalities. Previous studies have shown that lithium can affect peripheral nerve function, but this is the first reported case of peripheral neuropathy in association with lithium toxicity.
Paroxysmal choreoathetosis associated with thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Layzer Robert B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAcquired paroxysmal choreoathetosis can be associated with a variety of structural and metabolic disorders. A patient is presented who had paroxysmal choreoathetosis associated with thyrotoxicosis and who responded to treatment of the underlying thyroid disease.
Dorsal thalamic lesion in a noted case of human memory dysfunction
Authors: Squire Larry R. , Moore Robert Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe extensively studies patient N. A. has had a severe verbal memory deficit since 1960, when he sustained a stab wound to the brain with a miniature fencing foil. His amnesia occurs in the absence of any other know cognitive defect. Recent CT scans have localized a lesion in the left dorsal thalamus of this patient in a position corresponding to the dorsomedial nucleus; there is no radiographic evidence of other damage in the diencephalon or cerebral cortex. The dorsomedial thalamus may be critical in the neuropathology of diencephalic amnesia and, in humans, may be required for normal functions.
Familial fatal parkinsonism with alveolar hypoventilation and mental depression
Authors: Purdy Allan , Hahn Angelika , Barnett Henry J. M. , Bratty Paul , Ahmad Dildar , Lloyd Kenneth G. , McGeer Edith G. , Perry Thomas L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe clinical, pathological, and neurochemical characteristics of a newly recognized inherited neurological disorder are reported. Lethargy and mental depression are early symptoms, followed by mild parkinsonism and progressive weight loss. Failure of automatic respiratory control develops and may result in sudden death. Advanced degeneration of the substantia nigra, cell loss and gliosis of the basal ganglia, and focal gliosis in the medulla are seen on pathological study. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is evidenced by low levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, homovanillic acid, and L‐dopa decarboxylase in postmortem brain samples. Taurine concentrations in fasting plasma and CSF are somewhat depressed; brain contents of taurine are within normal limits.
Central core disease and malignant hyperthermia syndrome
Authors: Frank John P. , Harati Yadollah , Butler Ian J. , Nelson Thomas E. , Scott Charles I. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn a detailed investigation of a family with musculoskeletal abnormalities obsesrved in four generations, the probad and his mother were found to have central cores and multicores on histochemical and electron microscopic studies of biopsied muscle. A male sibling experienced a malignant hyperthermic reaction during hand surgery, and although similar reactions had not been observed in other family members, unexplained ventricular dysrhythmias did occur in the proband during surgery. The proband and his mother were subsequently shown to be susceptible to malignant hyperthermia by abnormal in vitro muscle contractures in the presence of halothane or caffeine.Physicians and dentists caring for patients with central core disease should be aware of its possible association with malignant hyperthermia. Complete evaluation pf patients with central core disease should include in vitro muscle contracture studies for malignant hyperthermia since many of these patients require surgery for musculo‐skeletal defects.
The carcinomatous neuromyopathy of oat cell lung cancer
Authors: Hawley Rollin J. , Cohen Martin H. , Saini Nirmal , Armbrustmacher Vernon W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA prospective controlled clinical‐neurophysiological‐pathological study of 71 patients with oat cell carcinoma of the lung revealed no increased incidence of peripheral neuropathy at the initial stages of illness. All patients developed neuropathy by the time they had lost 15% of their body weight, but the neuropathy was less severe than in 20 age‐matched alcoholic patients with an equal degree of weight loss. The weight loss and peripheral neuropathy progressed with atrophy of type II (adenosine triphosphatase‐positive) muscle fibers out of proportion to the patient's loss of body weight. By 40% body weight loss, all the patients had moderate symmetrical peripheral neuropathy, 6 had proximal brachial or lumbosacral plexus metastases, and 9 had distal pressure palsies. Mononeuritis multiplex developed in only 1 patient, who had diabetes mellitus. Two patients developed Eaton‐Lambert syndrome, which resolved in 1 when chemotherapy controlled the systemic tumor, with no protein in the tumor postmortem which could produce the characteristic electromyographic findings of the syndrome.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis and spinal cord compression complicating polycythemia rubra vera
Authors: Rice G. P. A. , Assis L. J. P. , Barr R. M. , Ebers G. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 68‐year‐old man withpolycythemia rubra vera developed gradually progressive paraparesis followed by an acute, painless paraplegia. Extradural thoracic spinal cord compression was found to be secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH). The neurological complications of EH are reviewed.
Management of hypoventilation in motor neuron disease presenting with respiratory insufficiency
Authors: Sivak Edward D. , Streib Erich W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 57‐year‐old man presented with a three‐month history of somnolence, hypoventilation, cor pulmonale, and episodes of apnea during sleep. Neurological studies revealed motor neuron disease, mainly confined to the muscles of respiration, that was causing respiratory insufficiency in the supine position. Nighttime treatment of respiratory insufficiency has permitted independent activity during wakefulness.
Local cerebral glucose utilization in newborn and pubescent monkeys during focal motor seizures
Authors: Kato Motohiro , Malamut Barbara L. , Caveness William F. , Hosokawa Shnichi , Wakisaka Shnichiro , O'Neill Raymond R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe [14C]deoxyglucose method was used to determine the rate of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in newborn and pubescent monkeys during focal motor seizures induced by injecting penicillin into the face‐hand area of the right motro cortex. Seizures were studied in 3 newborn and 6 pubescent monkeys, and 3 newborn and 4 pubescent monkeys were used as controls. In controls, the pattern of glucose utiliztion within structures of the sensorimotor system was quite different at the two age levels; newborns showed far less activity, especially in the neocortex and striatum. In the monkeys with seizures, the unilateral increase in LCGU relative tot he controls was greater in newborn than in pubescent monkeys except in the cerebral and cereballar cortices. The increased glucose utilization in cortical and subcortical structures of the newborn was ipsilateral to the dischargin lesion and lacked the well‐defined pattern seen in the pubescetn mmonkeys. In general, newborn brain was capable of supporting a focal motro seizure but lacked the precise clinical and electrographic expressions or efficient energy metabolism that accopany maturation of the brain at puberty.
Propagation of focal motor seizures in the pubescent monkey
Authors: Caveness William F. , Kato Mothohiro , Malamut Barbara L. , Hosokawa Shnichi , Wakisaka Shinichiro , O'Neill Raymond R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe rate of local cerebral glucose utilization was determined for quantification of energy metabolism in macrostructures of the sensorimotor system during propagation of focal motor seizures in 24‐month‐old monkeys. The rate was measured in 4 control animals and in 4 monkeys each with seizures limited to the contralateral face, seizures of the contralateral face and upper extremity, and bilateral expression of seizures. Glucose utilization increased significantly, primarily unilaterally, with propagation. The increase was greatest in the sensory and motor cerebral cortices, putamen, and globus pallidus, was somewhat less in sensory and motor thalamic relay nuclei, and was least in the cerebellar cortex.
Spinal evoked potential in the monkey
Authors: Feldman Martin H. , Cracco Roger Q. , Farmer Peter , Mount Fred 
Published: January 2005

AbstractComputer‐averaged evoked potential responses (EPs) to stimulation of the sciatic nerve and cervical spinal cord were recorded from the dura and skin over the cauda equina and spinal cord in seven monkeys, three with chronic spinal cord lesions.Sciatic EPs consisted of predominantly negative triphasic propagated potentials recorded at all spinal levels and greatest in amplitude over the cauda equina and caudal spinal cord. The conduction velocity of this EP was faster over the cauda equina and rostral spinal cord than over caudal cord segments. Triphasic potentials were succeeded by small negative potentials over the cauda equina and larger negative potentials over the lumbar enlargement. Sciatic EPs over the upper lumbar and thoracic cord were more sensitive to asphyxia than the initial triphasic potentials recorded over cauda equina and caudal cord but resisted changes from increasing the rate of stimulation up to 100 per second. Propagated thoracic EPs were preceded by nonpropagated potentials. The longer latency negative potentials occurring locally over the cauda equina and lower lumbar enlargement were abolished at levels of asphyxia and were attenuated at rates of stimulation that did not affect the preceding triphasic potentials.Following complete spinal cord transection, nonpropagated sciatic EPs were recorded in leads rostral to the section. In preparations with chronic partial cord hemisection involving dorsal and lateral quadrants, ipsilateral sciatic EPs had increased latency, reduced amplitude, and poor definition in the vicinity of and rostral to the lesion.Direct cervical cord stimulation elicited caudally propagated potentials which were followed by large, broad potentials over the lumbar enlargement.
Optokinetic nystagmus and parietal lobe lesions
Authors: Baloh Robert W. , Yee Robert D. , Honrubia Vicente 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn an attempt to define better the mechanism of impaired optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) caused by parietal lobe lesions, we recorded the eye movements of two patients. One had a slowly enlarging parietal glioma, and the other, an infarction involving the parietal and occipital lobes. In both patients, ipsilateral foveal pursuit and full‐field pursuit of a surrounding optokinetic drum were impaired while voluntary and involuntary saccades (fast components) were normal. Foveal pursuit was impaired more than full‐field pursuit, suggesting the existence of two separate pathways by which visual signals for OKN slow phases reach the oculomotor centers in the brainstem. We conclude that the ipsilateral slow phase OKN deficit seen in out patients resulted from damage to the foveal pursuit pathway that runs from the occipitoparietal association area to the ipsilateral brainstem horizontal gaze center.
Computerized densitometry and color coding of [14C] deoxyglucose autoradiographs
Authors: Goochee Charles , Rasband Wayne , Sokoloff Louis 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA computerized image processing system has been developed for quantitative analyses of autoradiographs obtained with the [14C] deoxyglucose method. The system is composed of standard, commercially available components and includes a scanning microdensitometer, computer, image memory and display system, and monochrome and color monitors. The associated computer programs are written in PASCAL. Autoradiographs are automatically scanned, and the optical density of each spot is digitized at a maximum resolution of 65,536 readings per 6.4 X 6.4 mm area and stored in memory. Images can be reconstructed from the data in memory, displayed on the monitors, and utilized for microdensitometric analyses or manipulated for image enhancement, enlargement, or weighted averaging of selected regions. The digitized data can also be utilized to solve the operational equation of the [14C] deoxyglucose method, and color‐coded images of autoradiographs can be reconstructed so that each color represents a narrow range of the rate of glucose utilization. By means of this system, it is possible to generate quantitative metabolic maps that display the distribution of actual rates of local glucose utilization throughout the entire central nervous system in regions as small as 100 μm or less.
Dyslexia: Automated diagnosis by computerized classification of brain electrical activity
Authors: Duffy Frank H. , Denckla Martha B. , Bartels Peter H. , Sandini Giulio , Kiessling Louise S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe a method for the diagnosis of dyslexia based upon a study of electronecephalographic and evoked potential data recoreded from 13 normal and 11 dyslexic boys. Measuremkents were made from topographic maps of brain electrical activity recorded during resting and activated testing conditions. Using a statistically based technique, we developed rules for classification that successfully diagnosed 80 to 90% of subjects not used in the initial rule development. The nature of the most useful measurements suggests that aberrant neurophysiology in dyslexia involves both hemispheres and is present at rest as well as during complex testing. The method has promise for future diagnosis and research.
Sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and dreaming: Regional cerebral hemodynamics
Authors: Meyer John Stirling , Sakai Fumihiko , Karacan Ismet , Derman Sabri , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRegional cerebral blood flow after inhalation of xenon 133 as well as polysomnography were recorded during daytime sleep and the awake state in patients with narcolepsy and sleep apnea. Brainstem‐cerebellar (BSC) gray matter blood flow (Fg) values in the awake state were r educed below normal (p < 0.05) in both narcolepsy and sleep apnea; in sleep apnea, bihemispheric Fg values were also reduced in the awake state. After sleep onset, Fg paradoxically increased in narcolepsy but decreased further in sleep apnea. Maximal regional Fg changes occurred in BSC regions in both groups of patients. Oral administration of methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) increased resting Fg values in awake narcoleptics, particularly in BSC regions, but attenuated Fg increases during sleep onset. Regional Fg values during visual dreaming or hypnagogic hallucinations in narcoleptics were maximally increased in right parietooccipital regions.In narcoleptics, impaired control of sleep‐wake and REM mechanisms is attenuated by methylphenidate. In patients with sleep apnea, brainstem functional activity is low in the awake state but becomes critically reduced during sleep, culminating in apnea‐stimulated arousal followed by repetitive cycles as sleep recurs.
Children's language disorders: Recent research advances
Authors: Ludlow Christy L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBetween 3 and 8% of preschool children in Britain and the United States are delayed in their language development by more than a year below the normal range. Evidence suggests that such children are Particularly impaired in acquiring syntactic and morphological rules, although well‐defined syndromes of impaired language development have not yet been determined. The effects of preschool impairments in language development on subsequent school achievement are significant: 60% of these children are in special classes for the learning impaired at 9 years of age. Auditory processing deficits have been demonstrated in language‐impaired children, but the contributions of such deficits to language development difficulties have yet to be determined. While autistic children have severe cognitive disorders and visual and auditory perceptual disturbances, the difficulties of nonautistic languageimpaired children seem confined more to language expression and comprehension. Recent neuropsychological evidence concerning brain organization for language behavior suggests that these children have deficiencies in language function which normally depend on left hemisphere functioning.
Mechanisms of increased brain glucose and glycogen after hydrocortisone: Possible clinical significance
Authors: Thurston Jean Holowach , Hauhart Richard E. , Dirgo John A. , Jones Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe reported previously that chronic administration of hydrocortisone to normal developing mice increases the brain glucose content and cerebral energy reserve. The present report concerns possible mechanisms of this action. Increases in brain glucose (and glycogen) levels were not due to reduction of cerebral metabolic rate, and the effect of hydrocortisone in facilitating transport of hexose from blood to brain was not impressive. Chronic hydrocortisone treatment induced increases in the activities of brain glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase in vivo; there was no effect on eleven other enzymes of brain glucose and glycogen metabolism. In normal nursing mice, hydrocortisone produced consistent elevations in plasma β‐hydroxybutyrate (and glycerol) levels. Brain β‐hydroxybutyrate levels were also increased. Therefore, the brain glucose concentration may be elevated in these animals because of the availability of an increased supply of ketone bodies as alternative substrates for cerebral oxidative metabolism and biosynthesis. Ketonemia, elevated cerebral glucose and β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations, and increased glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in brain suggest possible explanations for the beneficial action of adrenocorticotropic hormone and glucocorticoids in the treatment of infantile myoclonic epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
Radation therapy for brain metastases
Authors: Cairncross J. Gregory , Kim Jae‐Ho , Posner Jerome B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe treated 183 patients who had brain metastases with whole‐brain radiation therapy (RT) and adrenocortico‐ steroids utilizing a new high‐dose radiation protocol. Treatment produced neurological improvement in 135 patients (74%); there was no change in 37 (20%), and deterioration occurred i n l l (6%). Of those patients who improved, two‐thirds maintained neurological improvement for the remainder of their lives or for at least nine months, and one‐third relapsed. One‐third of those who relapsed improved again with steroids or further RT. Clinical improvement paralleled tumor regression on CT scan. Despite the clinical response, median survival was only twelve weeks; 24% lived six months and 8% lived one year. Death resulted from progressive brain disease in 16% of the patients. Two‐thirds of the patients died of advancing systemic disease in the setting of stable, improved neurological function. These data suggest that the majority of patients with brain metastases benefit from RT and that systemic cancer, not central nervous system disease, limits the length of life.
Adrenoleukodystrophy: Elevated C26 fatty acid in cultured skin fibroblasts
Authors: Moser Hugo W. , Moser Ann B. , Kawamura Nariko , Murphy Jerome , Suzuki Kunihiko , Schaumburg Herbert , Kishimoto Yasuo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBecause postmortem brain and adrenal tissue from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) or adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) have been shown to contain abnormally large amounts of very long chain fatty acids (C24 through C30), we searched for such an abnormality in cultured skin fibroblasts. Total lipid extracts of cultured fibroblasts were hydrolyzed, their fatty acid composition was derermined by gas‐liquid chromatography, and the ratio of C26 to C22 fatty acids was calculated.In 29 control cell lines this ratio was 0.064 ± 0.019. In 5 patients with autopsy‐proved ALD the ratio was 0.778 ± 0.139; in 6 patients with clinical features typical of ALD it was 0.764 ± 0.092; in 2 patients with autopsy‐proved AMN, 0.890 ± 0.02; and in 2 patients with clinical features typical of AMN, 0.560 ± 0.079. Abnormal ratios were observed in 4 of 5 ALD heterozygotes. In 3 patients in whom the diagnosis of ALD was suspected, an abnormal ratio (0.860) was observed in 1 and normal ratios (0.06 and 0.074) in the 2 others.
Valproic acid and ethosuximide interaction
Authors: Mattson Richard H. , Cramer Joyce A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe addition of valproic acid to ethosuximide in treatment to prevent seizures caused increased serum concentration of ethosuximide in four of five patients observed. Ethosuximide levels increased from 73 to 112 m̈g/ml (53% higher), with concomitant toxicity. Both were reversed by reduction of the ethosuximide dose from 27.4 to 20.4 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of these two drugs should be monitored closely when they are given together.
Interaction of multiple sclerosis serum with liposomes containing ganglioside GM1
Authors: Mullin Brian R. , Montanaro Anthony J. , Reid J. D. , Nishimura Robert N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMultiple sclerosis serum contains a factor or factors capable of releasing sequestered [14C]glucose from liposomes containing GM1, the major ganglioside present in human central nervous system myelin. Although some control sera can also release large quantities of liposomal glucose, multiple sclerosis and control sera differ in the mechanism of this release. Liposomal damage by multiple sclerosis serum does not appear to be complement mediated, but shares certain releasing characteristics of cholera toxin.