bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying falsified COVID-19 vaccines by analysing vaccine vial label and excipient profiles using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry
Authors: Arman Benediktus Yohan , Clarke Rebecca , Bharucha Tehmina , Fernandez Laura Gomez , Walsby-Tickle John , Deats Michael , Mosca Sara , Lin Qianqi , Banerjee Sneha , Chunekar Shrikrishna R. , Patil Kundan D. , Gairola Sunil , Dunachie Susanna , Merchant Hamid A. , Stokes Robert , Kuwana Rutendo , Maes Alexandrine , Charrier Jean-Philippe , Probert Fay , Caillet Céline , Matousek Pavel , McCullagh James , Newton Paul N. , Zitzmann Nicole , Gangadharan Bevin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapid development and worldwide distribution of COVID-19 vaccines is a remarkable achievement of biomedical research and logistical implementation. However, these developments are associated with the risk of a surge of substandard and falsified (SF) vaccines, as illustrated by the 184 incidents with SF and diverted COVID-19 vaccines which have been reported during the pandemic in 48 countries, with a paucity of methods for their detection in supply chains. In this context, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry (MS) is globally available for fast and accurate analysis of bacteria in patient samples, offering a potentially accessible solution to identify SF vaccines. We analysed the COVISHIELD™ COVID-19 vaccine; falsified versions of which were found in India, Myanmar and Uganda. We demonstrate for the first time that analysis of spectra from the vaccine vial label and its adhesive could be used as a novel approach to detect falsified vaccines. Vials tested by this approach could be retained in the supply chain since it is non-invasive. We also assessed whether MALDI-ToF MS could be used to distinguish the COVISHIELD™ vaccine from surrogates of falsified vaccines and the effect of temperature on vaccine stability. Both polysorbate 80 and L-histidine excipients of the genuine vaccine could be detected by the presence of a unique combination of MALDI-ToF MS peaks which allowed us to distinguish between the genuine vaccines and falsified vaccine surrogates. Furthermore, even if a falsified product contained polysorbate 80 at the same concentration as used in the genuine vaccine, the characteristic spectral profile of polysorbate 80 used in genuine products is a reliable internal marker for vaccine authenticity. Our findings demonstrate that MALDI-ToF MS analysis of extracts from vial labels and the vaccine excipients themselves can be used independently to detect falsified vaccines. This approach has the potential to be integrated into the national regulatory standards and WHO’s Prevent, Detect, and Respond strategy as a novel effective tool for detecting falsified vaccines.
Patterns of physical activity in hunter-gatherer children compared with US and UK children
Authors: Kretschmer Luke , Dyble Mark , Chaudhary Nikhil , Bann David , Salali Gul Deniz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Contemporary hunter-gatherers are highly active, but little is known about physical activity levels in hunter-gatherer children. We analysed 150 days of accelerometer data from 51 BaYaka hunter-gatherer children (aged 3–18) in the Republic of Congo, comparing it with British and American children using samples from Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). BaYaka children were highly active, engaging in over 3 h of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily, surpassing British adolescents by over 70 min. Unlike US children, whose activity diminished with age, BaYaka children’s activity levels increased, irrespective of gender. This trend suggests that formal education may suppress activity among American children, a pattern not seen in the BaYaka community. Reflecting their foraging lifestyle, activity patterns varied within and between days in BaYaka children, a contrast to the more uniform daily activity observed in American children. Furthermore, our data challenges the concept of ‘teenage chronotypes’ prevalent in post-industrial societies, with adolescent BaYaka maintaining shorter sleep phases and later bedtimes, synchronized with sunrise. These findings highlight the impact of a foraging upbringing on children’s activity levels, providing a benchmark for understanding childhood physical activity and wellbeing.
Knowledge and attitude among Egyptian medical students regarding the role of human papillomavirus vaccine in prevention of oropharyngeal cancer: a questionnaire-based observational study
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohammed. N. , Hefnawy Abdullah , Azzam Hajer , Reisha Omar , Hamdy Omar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas in several anatomical sites are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), and oncogenic double-stranded DNA viruses. There are about 200 genotypes; HPV16 is the most often occurring variant. Potential ways of infection are skin warts, sexual activity, exposure, immunization, or oral sex. The growing incidence of OPSCC in Western countries makes vaccination increasingly vital. The FDA has approved the 9-valent vaccination as an OPSCC prophylactic agent. Still, political will, inadequate financing, and inadequate infrastructure help to explain the slow dissemination of anti-HPV vaccination. This study sought to evaluate Egyptian medical students’ knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward the advantages of HPV vaccination to prevent HPV-associated OPC. The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study consisting of 696 participants from the first to fifth-year students enrolled in any Egyptian medical school registered in the academic year 2023–2024, specifically from June to August 2024, except non-medical, graduate, and non-Egyptian students who met the exclusion criteria. We privately gathered answers via colleagues and electronically via online Google forms posted on social media groups. This study concentrated on the poor knowledge of HPV among Egyptian medical students, particularly urban male students with a mean age of 21.72 ± 1.6 enrolled in clinical years mostly in Cairo, Sharqia, and Gharbia governorates. There was a clear fair attitude regarding the HPV vaccination, especially among urban male students with a mean age of 21.64 ± 1.65 enrolled in clinical years mostly in Cairo, Sharqia, and Alex governorates. Notably, only 7.7% of the students enrolled in the study knew the link between HPV and OPC. However, only 28.5% of participants have received the vaccine. The students said that lack of awareness (82.4%) was the most important obstacle to vaccination; followed by cultural attitudes (44.5%), vaccine accessibility (42.7%), and vaccine cost (41.3%). Ultimately, it was found that Egyptian medical students—especially those enrolled in clinical years in the governorates of Cairo, Sharqia, and Gharbia—have a low degree of knowledge of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer and its vaccination role. Although preclinical students’ knowledge had greatly improved, the limited awareness—especially among clinical students—was concerning.
Impact of high pressure impregnation and air drying on the quality of Dosidicus gigas slices
Authors: Zura-Bravo Liliana , Lemus-Mondaca Roberto , Ortiz Jaime , Flores Marcos , Tabilo-Munizaga Gipsy , Pérez-Won Mario , Masztalerz Klaudia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) is the most abundant cephalopod in the fishing industry, and its high nutritional and organoleptic properties make it a go-to food product for consumers. Therefore, developing new processing techniques seems imperative to minimize quality deterioration and provide products with appropriate characteristics. The study aimed to determine the effect of high-pressure impregnation (HPI) pretreatment on hot air-drying kinetics and the quality of Humboldt squid slices. Various pressures, times, and concentrations of osmotic solution during HPI were evaluated, followed by drying at 40 and 60 °C. The HPI pretreatment reduced the drying time by around 26% when dried at 40 °C, and only 18% when dried at⋅ 60 °C compared with unpretreated samples. The Weibull, Page, and Logarithmic models were considered for experimental drying curve modeling. Diffusion coefficient values varied from 3.82 to 6.59 × 10−9 m2/s for all drying conditions. Moreover, the color, texture, and water-holding capacity were determined. Rehydration capacity values increased due to less damage to cellular tissue than the control (HPI-untreated dried samples). Also, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed a compacted structure of HPI-dried squid samples. Overall, HPI proved to be a beneficial pretreatment as it reduced drying time and improved the quality characteristics of Humboldt squid.
Quantitative analysis of amino acid excretion by Methanothermobacter marburgensis under N2-fixing conditions
Authors: Reischl Barbara , Schupp Benjamin , Palabikyan Hayk , Steger-Mähnert Barbara , Fink Christian , Rittmann Simon K.-M. R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) possess fascinating metabolic characteristics, such as the ability to fix molecular nitrogen (N2). Methanogens are of biotechnological importance due to the ability to produce methane (CH4) from molecular hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and to excrete proteinogenic amino acids. This study focuses on analyzing the link between biological methanogenesis and amino acid excretion under N2-fixing conditions. Among five hydrogenotrophic, autotrophic methanogens, Methanothermobacter marburgensis was prioritized and further cultivated in closed batch cultivation mode under N2-fixing conditions. M. marburgensis was grown on chemically defined minimal medium with different concentrations of ammonium in a H2/CO2/N2 atmosphere. This enabled the quantification of ammonia uptake, N2-fixation, amino acid excretion and the conversion of H2/CO2 to CH4. To quantify N2-fixation rates in a mass balance setting a novel method has been established. The method utilizes the pressure drop below a certain threshold pressure in closed batch cultivation mode – the threshold pressure for N

2

-fixation (THpN2fix). Using the THpN2fix method, volumetric N2-fixation rates of M. marburgensis as high as 0.91 mmol L−1 h−1 were determined. Excretion of amino acids was found with highest detected values of glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and asparagine. The highest total amino acid excretion of 7.5 µmol L−1 h−1 was detected with H2/CO2/N2 at an ammonium concentration of 40 mmol L−1. This study sheds light on the link between methanogenesis, biological N2-fixation, and proteinogenic amino acid excretion. The concomitant production of amino acids and CH4 could become of biotechnological relevance in an integrated approach coupling biomethanation and N2-fixation in a biorefinery concept.
Deep learning-based malaria parasite detection: convolutional neural networks model for accurate species identification of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Ramos-Briceño Diego A. , Flammia-D’Aleo Alessandro , Fernández-López Gerardo , Carrión-Nessi Fhabián S. , Forero-Peña David A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accurate malaria diagnosis with precise identification of Plasmodium species is crucial for an effective treatment. While microscopy is still the gold standard in malaria diagnosis, it relies heavily on trained personnel. Artificial intelligence (AI) advances, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have significantly improved diagnostic capabilities and accuracy by enabling the automated analysis of medical images. Previous models efficiently detected malaria parasites in red blood cells but had difficulty differentiating between species. We propose a CNN-based model for classifying cells infected by P. falciparum, P. vivax, and uninfected white blood cells from thick blood smears. Our best-performing model utilizes a seven-channel input and correctly predicted 12,876 out of 12,954 cases. We also generated a cross-validation confusion matrix that showed the results of five iterations, achieving 63,654 out of 64,126 true predictions. The model’s accuracy reached 99.51%, a precision of 99.26%, a recall of 99.26%, a specificity of 99.63%, an F1 score of 99.26%, and a loss of 2.3%. We are now developing a system based on real-world quality images to create a comprehensive detection tool for remote regions where trained microscopists are unavailable.
Russian forests show strong potential for young forest growth
Authors: Neigh Christopher S. R. , Montesano Paul M. , Sexton Joseph O. , Wooten Margaret , Wagner William , Feng Min , Carvalhais Nuno , Calle Leonardo , Carroll Mark L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Climate warming has improved conditions for boreal forest growth, yet the region’s fate as a carbon sink of aboveground biomass remains uncertain. Forest height is a powerful predictor of aboveground forest biomass, and access to spatially detailed height-age relationships could improve the understanding of carbon dynamics in this ecosystem. The capacity of land to grow trees, defined in forestry as site index, was estimated by analyzing recent measurements of canopy height against a chronosequence of forest stand age derived from the historical satellite record. Forest-height estimates were then subtracted from the predicted site index to estimate height-age growth potential across the region. Russia, which comprised 73% of the forest change domain, had strong departures from model expectation of 2.4–4.8 ± 3.8 m for the 75th and 90th percentiles. Combining satellite observations revealed a large young forest growth sink if allowed to recover from disturbance.
PIF/harbinger transposon-derived protein promotes 7SL expression to enhance pathogen resistance
Authors: Geng Shang , Lv Xing , Xu Tianjun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Transcriptional regulation governs gene expression levels, primarily controlled by “cis-acting DNA elements” and “trans-acting protein factors”. However, the conventional view that cis-regulation is solely attributable to DNA elements is challenged in this study. Our research indicates that transposon-derived proteins may retain their original DNA-binding preference and exert cis-regulatory effects on nearby genes on the chromosome, thus denoted as “cis-acting factors”. Specifically, we show that the ADF-1L protein, derived from the PIF/harbinger transposon, recruits the histone acetyltransferase KAT2B in a MADF domain-dependent manner, facilitating its own nuclear translocation and binding to and cis-regulating its own and adjacent gene 7SL-23. ADF-1L protein also boosts the host’s resistance to pathogens by promoting the expression of immune molecule 7SL RNA. In summary, our findings expand the types of molecules that can exert cis-function in gene regulation and underscore the relevance of transposons-derived sequences in cellular processes.
Exploring Chinese heritage language (CHL) retention in New Zealand
Chinese immigrant families
Authors: Ji Di 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
New Zealand is a multicultural and multilingual country, with
Chinese being the largest ethnic group after New Zealand Europeans and Māori.
However, the retention of Chinese heritage language (CHL) in New Zealand has not
been extensively researched, and there is a lack of understanding of
intergenerational CHL transmission in this context. Through a quantitative
approach involving 114 Chinese immigrant families in New Zealand, the research
investigates how three components of family language policy (FLP) — family
language beliefs, language practices, and language management — interrelate with
each other and influence children’s CHL development. The results indicate an
intricate relationship between FLP and children’s CHL proficiency. Specifically,
children’s Chinese language practice is a significant driver in enhancing their
communicative proficiency, while effective language management is a crucial
driver in improving Chinese literacy.
Supplementary force comparison COOMET.M.F-S1. Measurand force: 50 kN, 100 kN, 200 kN, 500 kN, 1 MN, 1.5 MN, 1.95 MN
Authors: Semenov Sergey , Сhechel Victor , Galat Evgeny , Leonov Georgy 
Published: January 2025

Main text
This report presents the results of a supplementary comparison in the field of force measurements in the range from 50 kN up to 1 950 kN. This comparison was carried out within the framework of the RMO COOMET. The national metrological institutes of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine participated in the range up to 1 000 kN. The national metrological institutes of Russia and Belarus participated in the range of over 1 000 kN. For the first time, a Build-up System consisting of three force transducers was used for comparison at 1 500 kN and 1 950 kN points.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Augmenting motion artifacts to enhance auto-contouring of complex structures in cone-beam computed tomography imaging
Authors: Genghi Angelo , Fartaria Mário João , Siroki-Galambos Anna , Flückiger Simon , Franco Fernando , Strzelecki Adam , Paysan Pascal , Turian Julius , Wu Zhen , Boldrini Luca , Chiloiro Giuditta , Costantino Thomas , English Justin , Morgas Tomasz , Coradi Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. To develop an augmentation method that simulates cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) related motion artifacts, which can be used to generate training-data to increase the performance of artificial intelligence models dedicated to auto-contouring tasks. Approach. The augmentation technique generates data that simulates artifacts typically present in CBCT imaging. The simulated pseudo-CBCT (pCBCT) is created using interleaved sequences of simulated breath-hold and free-breathing projections. Neural networks for auto-contouring of head and neck and bowel structures were trained with and without pCBCT data. Quantitative and qualitative assessment was done in two independent test sets containing CT and real CBCT data focus on four anatomical regions: head, neck, abdomen, and pelvis. Qualitative analyses were conducted by five clinical experts from three different healthcare institutions. Main results. The generated pCBCT images demonstrate realistic motion artifacts comparable to those observed in real CBCT data. Training a neural network with CT and pCBCT data improved Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and average contour distance (ACD) results on CBCT test sets. The results were statistically significant (p-value ⩽.03) for bone-mandible (model without/with pCBCT: 0.91/0.92 DSC, p ⩽ .01; 0.74/0.66 mm ACD, p ⩽.01), brain (0.34/0.93 DSC, p ⩽ 1 × 10−5; 17.5/2.79 mm ACD, p = 1 × 10−5), oral-cavity (0.81/0.83 DSC, p ⩽.01; 5.11/4.61 mm ACD, p = .02), left-submandibular-gland (0.58/0.77 DSC, p ⩽.001; 3.24/2.12 mm ACD, p ⩽ .001), right-submandibular-gland (0.00/0.75 DSC, p ⩽.1 × 10−5; 17.5/2.26 mm ACD, p ⩽ 1 × 10−5), left-parotid (0.68/0.78 DSC, p ⩽ .001; 3.34/2.58 mm ACD, p ⩽.01), large-bowel (0.60/0.75 DSC, p ⩽ .01; 6.14/4.56 mm ACD, p = .03) and small-bowel (3.08/2.65 mm ACD, p = .03). Visual evaluation showed fewer false positives, false negatives, and misclassifications in artifact-affected areas. Qualitative analyses demonstrated that, auto-generated contours are clinically acceptable in over 90% of cases for most structures, with only a few requiring adjustments. Significance. The inclusion of pCBCT improves the performance of trainable auto-contouring approaches, particularly in cases where the images are prone to severe artifacts.
Mitigation of DESI fiber assignment incompleteness effect on two-point clustering with small angular scale truncated estimators
Authors: Pinon M. , de Mattia A. , McDonald P. , Burtin E. , Ruhlmann-Kleider V. , White M. , Bianchi D. , Ross A.J. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Brooks D. , Cahn R.N. , Chaussidon E. , Claybaugh T. , Cole S. , de la Macorra A. , Dey B. , Doel P. , Fanning K. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Howlett C. , Kirkby D. , Kisner T. , Kremin A. , Lambert A. , Landriau M. , Lasker J. , Le Guillou L. , Levi M.E. , Manera M. , Martini P. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Myers A.D. , Niz G. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W.J. , Poppett C. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schlegel D. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Vargas-Magaña M. , Weaver B.A. , Zarrouk P. , Zhou R. , Zou H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a method to mitigate the effects of fiber assignment incompleteness in
two-point power spectrum and correlation function measurements from galaxy spectroscopic surveys,
by truncating small angular scales from estimators. We derive the corresponding modified
correlation function and power spectrum windows to account for the small angular scale truncation
in the theory prediction. We validate this approach on simulations reproducing the Dark Energy
Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 (DR1) with and without fiber assignment. We show
that we recover unbiased cosmological constraints using small angular scale truncated estimators
from simulations with fiber assignment incompleteness, with respect to standard estimators from
complete simulations. Additionally, we present an approach to remove the sensitivity of the fits
to high k modes in the theoretical power spectrum, by applying a transformation to the data
vector and window matrix. We find that our method efficiently mitigates the effect of fiber
assignment incompleteness in two-point correlation function and power spectrum measurements, at
low computational cost and with little statistical loss.