bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Flavoring Oral Rehydration Solution on its Composition and Palatability
Authors: te Loo D. Maroeska , van der Graaf Fedde , Ten Walther Tjon A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:As a number of mild to moderately dehydrated children refuse to drink oral rehydration solution (ORS) because of its strong salty taste, many parents and health workers flavor ORS with the childs favorite juice. The effects of flavoring ORS on electrolyte content and osmolality were assessed and the palatability of various solutions were compared with commercially flavored ORS.Methods:Osmolality, sodium, potassium, chloride and glucose content after flavoring with varying concentrations of apple juice, orange juice or orangeade was determined. Two of the solutions were offered to 30 children and adults to assess palatability.Results:All additions to ORS (apple juice, orange juice or orangeade) caused a decrease of sodium (−30 to −53 mmol/L) and chloride (−27 to −47 mmol/L) content, whereas osmolality increased to greater than 311 mOsm/kg. These homemade oral rehydration solutions did not fulfill ESPGAN criteria for ORS, and rehydration will therefore be less effective. The majority of subjects also preferred the commercially flavored ORS.Conclusion:Only very small amounts of apple juice or orange juice can be added to the ORS without significantly altering electrolyte composition and osmolality. Palatability, however, does not improve compared with commercially flavored ORS. We therefore recommend using commercially flavored ORS, the composition of which fulfills ESPGAN criteria.
Esophageal Motor Activity in Children with Gastro‐esophageal Reflux Disease and Esophagitis
Authors: Chitkara Denesh K. , Fortunato Christine , Nurko Samuel 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate esophageal body motor contractions occurring during esophageal reflux in pediatric patients with gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods:Patients referred for the evaluation of GERD who were evaluated with combined 24‐hour pH probe and esophageal manometry test (MP24) were included. Patients were separated into the following groups: Group C ‐ normal pH probe and normal EGD; Group 1 ‐ abnormal pH probe and normal EGD; and Group 2 ‐ abnormal pH probe and EGD with histologic esophagitis. Esophageal motor function during reflux episodes was analyzed.Results:Twenty‐five patients were included. All had a normal stationary esophageal manometry. Patients in Groups 1 and 2 had significantly more gastroesophageal reflux by pH probe than Group C (P < 0.01). During the MP24, patients in Group 1 and 2 had significantly fewer contractions per minute pre‐, during, and post‐GER (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the number of isolated and prolonged contractions (>7 sec) during prolonged GERD episodes >5 minutes (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Children with GERD have a decreased number and abnormal esophageal body contractions with esophageal reflux. This suggests that children with GERD with and without esophagitis have impaired esophageal body acid clearance.
Relative Expression and Localization of the Insulin‐Like Growth Factor System Components in the Fetal, Child and Adult Intestine
Authors: Freier Serem , Eran Maya , Reinus Constantin , Ariel Ilana , Faber Joseph , Wilschanski Michael , Braverman Danny 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:The insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are important in the development and maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract.Objectives:To compare the expression of IGFs and their receptors in the stomach and duodenum of the fetus, the child and the adult. To identify the cells mainly responsible for the production of the members of the IGF system.Methods:Tissue was obtained from fetus after abortion and from children and adults during diagnostic endoscopy and biopsy. The expression of the IGFs and their receptors was estimated by an RNAse protection assay and sections were stained with antisera to the components of IGF system.Results:The tissues from the stomach and the duodenum expressed the two IGFs and their receptors at all stages of life. The fetal IGF receptors I and II, were approximately ten times higher than in the child and IGF‐II was five times higher. Immunohistochemical staining showed the components of the IGF system to be localized to the gastric glands and to the basotlateral border of the gastric epithelial cells. In the duodenum, they were concentrated at the apical portion of the epithelial tissue. They could also be identified in ganglion cells and nerves.Conclusions:The IGFs and their receptors in the stomach and duodenum are expressed in all age groups and mostly are highest in the fetus. The IGF system proteins were located in the gastric glands and epithelium and in the apical portion of the villous epithelium of the duodenum.
Probiotics for the Management of Infantile Colic
Authors: Szajewska Hania , Dryl Radosław 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTPurpose of review:Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota in subjects with infantile colic differs from the gut microbiota in an unaffected population. In colicky infants, dysbiosis may affect gut motor function and gas production resulting in abdominal pain/colic. If so, it is logical to assume that manipulation of the gut microbiota may play a therapeutic role and also could be a preventive measure in the evolution of these disorders. We aimed to evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of probiotics for treating and preventing infantile colic.Recent findings:The administration of Lactobacillusreuteri DSM 17938 is likely to reduce crying time in breastfed infants with infantile colic, but its role in formula‐fed infants is less clear. Data summarized in the current review suggest that L reuteri DSM 17938 may be effective in the reduction of crying/colic both in breastfed and formula‐fed infants. Other probiotics (single or in combinations) were studied in single trials only.Summary:Given the lack of effective therapy for infantile colic and the good safety profile of L reuteri DSM 17938, this therapeutic option could be discussed with caregivers. Data on other probiotics, either positive or negative, are too limited to allow one to draw reliable conclusions.
Primary recovery strategies of low‐molecular‐weight toxins from Crotalus molossus nigrescens and Crotalus atrox using aqueous two‐phase and three‐phase partition systems
Authors: Sánchez‐Trasviña Calef , Melendez‐Martínez David , González‐Castañón Emiliano , Herrera‐Ortuño Armando , Carbajal‐Saucedo Alejandro , Lozano Omar , Rito‐Palomares Marco , Benavides Jorge , Mayolo‐Deloisa Karla 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRattlesnake venoms are a complex source of different toxin families with biotechnological and biomedical applications. However, the complexity of the sample and the low abundance of some toxins can restrict their study and applications. Toxin isolation usually requires multiple chromatographic steps, implying elevated operative costs and processing times. This raises the need for recovery and enrichment of those proteins and peptides. For that reason, we tested two liquid–liquid separation methods – aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) and three‐phase partition (TPP) – since these two alternatives have shown great potential for the primary recovery of different toxin families from rattlesnake venoms.RESULTSPolyethylene glycol (PEG)–citrate and ionic liquid (IL)–potassium phosphate ATPS and TPP based on t‐butanol and ammonium sulfate were used to partition different toxin families from Crotalus molossus nigrescens and C. atrox venoms. PEG–citrate allowed a selective partition of proteins between both phases. The best enrichment case was observed with a myotoxin band (6.6 kDa) in the PEG‐rich phase from 2% to 41.3% of abundance. In IL–potassium phosphate systems, proteins showed a preference towards the IL‐rich phase with no selective partition. In TPP, proteins were partitioned mainly to the bottom phase and interphase, but serine proteases (29.1 kDa) were enriched from 3.7% to 56.6% in the top phase.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated that PEG–citrate ATPS and TPP separation methods can generate a selective partition of some toxin families from rattlesnake venoms. These enrichment methods will facilitate the isolation of toxins, from animal venoms, that are relevant for biotechnological and biomedical applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The effect of intrathecal recombinant arylsulfatase A therapy on structural brain magnetic resonance imaging in children with metachromatic leukodystrophy
Authors: Groeschel Samuel , Beerepoot Shanice , Amedick Lucas Bastian , Krӓgeloh‐Mann Ingeborg , Li Jing , Whiteman David A. H. , Wolf Nicole I. , Port John D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of intrathecal (IT) recombinant human arylsulfatase A (rhASA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐assessed brain tissue changes in children with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). In total, 510 MRI scans were collected from 12 intravenous (IV) rhASA‐treated children with MLD, 24 IT rhASA‐treated children with MLD, 32 children with untreated MLD, and 156 normally developing children. Linear mixed models were fitted to analyze the time courses of gray matter (GM) volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Time courses for demyelination load and FA in the centrum semiovale were visualized using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing regression curves. All assessed imaging parameters demonstrated structural evidence of neurological deterioration in children with MLD. GM volume was significantly lower at follow‐up (median duration, 104 weeks) in IV rhASA‐treated versus IT rhASA‐treated children. GM volume decline over time was steeper in children receiving low‐dose (10 or 30 mg) versus high‐dose (100 mg) IT rhASA. Similar effects were observed for demyelination. FA in the posterior limb of the internal capsule showed a higher trend over time in IT rhASA‐treated versus children with untreated MLD, but FA parameters were not different between children receiving the low doses versus those receiving the high dose. GM volume in IT rhASA‐treated children showed a strong positive correlation with 88‐item Gross Motor Function Measure score over time. In some children with MLD, IT administration of high‐dose rhASA may delay neurological deterioration (assessed using MRI), offering potential therapeutic benefit.
Impact of age on hospital outcomes after catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Tan Min Choon , Yeo Yong Hao , Ang Qi Xuan , Kiwan Chrystina , Fatunde Olubadewa , Lee Justin Z. , Tolat Aneesh , Sorajja Dan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe real‐world data on the safety profile of ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation among elderly patients is not well‐established. This study aimed to evaluate the procedural outcomes among those aged 18–64 years versus those aged ≥65 years who underwent catheter ablation of VT.MethodUsing the Nationwide Readmissions Database, our study included patients aged ≥18 years who underwent VT catheter ablation between 2017 and 2020. We divided the patients into non‐elderly (18–64 years old) and elderly age groups (≥65 years old). We then analyzed the in‐hospital procedural outcome and 30‐day readmission between these two groups.ResultsOur study included 2075 (49.1%) non‐elderly patients and 2153 (50.9%) elderly patients who underwent VT ablation. Post‐procedurally, elderly patients had significantly higher rates of prolonged index hospitalization (≥7 days; 35.5% vs. 29.3%, p < .01), non‐home discharge (13.4% vs. 6.0%, p < .01), 30‐day readmission (17.0% vs. 11.4%, p < .01), and early mortality (5.5% vs. 2.4%, p < .01). There was no significant difference in the procedural complications between two groups, namely vascular complications, hemopericardium/cardiac tamponade, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), major bleeding requiring blood transfusion, and systemic embolization. Through multivariable analysis, the elderly group was associated with higher odds of early mortality (OR: 7.50; CI 1.86–30.31, p = .01), non‐home discharge (OR: 2.41; CI: 1.93–3.00, p < .01) and 30‐day readmission (OR: 1.58; CI 1.32–1.89, p < .01).ConclusionElderly patients have worse in‐hospital outcome, early mortality, non‐home discharge, and 30‐day readmission following catheter ablation for VT. There was no significant difference between elderly and non‐elderly groups in the procedural complications.
Comprehensive evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging sequences for signal intensity based assessment of anterior cruciate ligament healing following surgical treatment
Authors: Kaushal Shankar G. , Kim Jin‐Young , Singh Mallika , Han Mo , Flannery Sean W. , Barnes Dominique A. , Ecklund Kirsten , Murray Martha M. , Badger Gary J. , Fleming Braden C. , Kiapour Ata M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNormalized signal intensity (SI) obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to track anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) postoperative remodeling. We aimed to assess the effect of MRI sequence (PD: proton density‐weighted; T2: T2‐weighted; CISS: constructive interference in steady state) on postoperative changes in healing ACLs/grafts. We hypothesized that CISS is better at detecting longitudinal SI and texture changes of the healing ACL/graft compared to the common clinical sequences (PD and T2). MR images of patients who underwent ACL surgery were evaluated and separated into groups based on surgical procedure (Bridge‐Enhanced ACL Repair (BEAR; n = 50) versus ACL reconstruction (ACLR; n = 24)). CISS images showed decreasing SI across all timepoints in both the BEAR and ACLR groups (p < 0.01), PD and T2 images showed decreasing SI in the 6‐to‐12‐ and 12‐to‐24‐month postoperative timeframes in the BEAR group (p < 0.02), and PD images additionally showed decreasing SI between 6‐ and 24‐months postoperation in the ACLR group (p = 0.02). CISS images showed texture changes in both the BEAR and ACLR groups, showing increases in energy and decreases in entropy in the 6‐to‐12‐ and 6‐to‐24‐month postoperative timeframes in the BEAR group (p  0.04), and increases in energy, decreases in entropy, and increases in homogeneity between 6 and 24 months postoperation in the ACLR group (p < 0.04). PD images showed increases in energy and decreases in entropy between 6‐ and 24‐months postoperation in the ACLR group (p < 0.008). Finally, CISS was estimated to require a smaller sample size than PD and T2 to detect SI differences related to postoperative remodeling.
Investigation of bias due to selective inclusion of study effect estimates in meta‐analyses of nutrition research
Authors: Kanukula Raju , McKenzie Joanne E. , Bero Lisa , Dai Zhaoli , McDonald Sally , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Korevaar Elizabeth , Forbes Andrew , Page Matthew J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe aimed to explore, in a sample of systematic reviews (SRs) with meta‐analyses of the association between food/diet and health‐related outcomes, whether systematic reviewers selectively included study effect estimates in meta‐analyses when multiple effect estimates were available. We randomly selected SRs of food/diet and health‐related outcomes published between January 2018 and June 2019. We selected the first presented meta‐analysis in each review (index meta‐analysis), and extracted from study reports all study effect estimates that were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. We calculated the Potential Bias Index (PBI) to quantify and test for evidence of selective inclusion. The PBI ranges from 0 to 1; values above or below 0.5 suggest selective inclusion of effect estimates more or less favourable to the intervention, respectively. We also compared the index meta‐analytic estimate to the median of a randomly constructed distribution of meta‐analytic estimates (i.e., the estimate expected when there is no selective inclusion). Thirty‐nine SRs with 312 studies were included. The estimated PBI was 0.49 (95% CI 0.42–0.55), suggesting that the selection of study effect estimates from those reported was consistent with a process of random selection. In addition, the index meta‐analytic effect estimates were similar, on average, to what we would expect to see in meta‐analyses generated when there was no selective inclusion. Despite this, we recommend that systematic reviewers report the methods used to select effect estimates to include in meta‐analyses, which can help readers understand the risk of selective inclusion bias in the SRs.
Dammed context: Community perspectives on ecosystem service changes following Poland's first dam removal
Authors: Habel Michał , Mechkin Karl , Wagner Iwona , Grabowski Zbigniew , Kaczkowski Zbigniew , Absalon Damian , Szatten Dawid , Matysik Magdalena , Pytel Sławomir , Jurczak Tomasz , Obolewski Krystian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDecisions to build or remove dams and other large engineered hydraulic infrastructures are always entangled in social and environmental impacts, which are often evaluated formally through bureaucratic processes. In Europe dam removals are relatively infrequent, even though extensive hydraulic infrastructure has degraded biodiversity and water quality. The Wilkówka dam in southern Poland was required to be removed rapidly, primarily due to engineering failures during its construction. Using survey methods, we examine the local community's perceptions of the net environmental and social impacts of the Wilkówka dam removal. In surveying the opinions of households, 62% of respondents expressed that decisions about the removal were taken without sufficient community consultation, and 92% felt that the dam had been removed despite their opposition. Although the dam had been built recently and had failed to operate at design capacity, respondents reported strong attachments to the services they perceived it to provide, including water supply, flood regulation and cultural significance. In spite of the possibility of an environmental disaster and long‐term environmental degradation, most surveyed households would have preferred it to have been renovated or reconstructed. In short, the removal of the Wilkówka dam was perceived by local households but also by local officials as bringing about a net loss in socially relevant ecosystem services, despite the urgent need for removal perceived by regional and national authorities. The local community's rapid attachment to the dam despite its potential negative impacts on biodiversity and the local environment were primarily attributable to the high expectations as to the hydrological services that the dam was to provide (water supply, flood regulation and its larger symbolic value as an infrastructural investment in the community). This work provides an empirical demonstration of the importance of understanding the social, ecological and technological context within decision‐making processes regarding dam removals, and its implications may improve the planning and implementation of future dam removal projects.
A Journey Through Open Access Publishing in Aquatic Sciences
Authors: Franco‐Santos Rita M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPublishing scientific work is as important as conducting research. The rise of online Open Access (OA) publications that are immediately available to readers everywhere free of charge has transformed the publishing landscape in the past decades. I offer a translation of this article into Brazilian Portuguese as my own attempt to improve access to scientific content (Supplementary Information, SI). In this article, I introduce OA publishing in the context of the aquatic sciences. More specifically, I talk about how OA came to be, the different types of OA publications and copyright licenses, the benefits and pitfalls of OA publishing, and how to pay for gold OA publications.
Sea‐ice loss accelerates carbon cycling and enhances seasonal extremes of acidification in the Arctic Chukchi Sea
Authors: Zhang Yixing , Wu Yingxu , Cai Wei‐Jun , Yi Xiangqi , Gao Xiang , Bi Haibo , Zhuang Yanpei , Chen Liqi , Qi Di 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Chukchi Sea shelf (CSS) is a highly productive region in the Arctic Ocean and it is highly efficient for absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and exporting and retaining carbon in the deep sea. However, with global warming, the carbon retention time in CSS may decrease, leading to less efficient carbon export. Here, we investigate the seasonal variability of carbonate chemistry in CSS using three sets of late‐ vs. early‐summer reoccupations of the same transect. Our findings demonstrate substantially increased and rapid degradation of biologically produced organic matter and therefore acidification over time in the southern CSS due to earlier sea‐ice retreat, resulting in significantly shorter carbon retention time. In sharp contrast, no increased degradation has been observed in the northern CSS where photosynthesis has just commenced. In the future, climate change would further diminish the carbon export capacity and exacerbate seasonal acidification not only within CSS but also across other polar coastal oceans.
High‐Resolution Full‐Color Quantum Dots Patterning for Display Applications Based on Femtosecond Laser‐induced Forward Transfer
Authors: Liang Shu‐Yu , Liu Yue‐Feng , Ji Zhi‐Kun , Xia Hong , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (QDs) have been widely studied in display panels due to their near‐unity fluorescence quantum yield and the ability to tune colors across a wide gamut. However, the challenge persists in creating full‐color QD arrays with the necessary precision for high‐resolution display applications in the next generation. This paper introduces a femtosecond laser‐induced forward transfer (FsLIFT) technology that integrates deposition pattern and alignment in a single transfer step. This development enables the fabrication of high‐resolution full‐color QD films. The ability of FsLIFT to precisely locate red, green, and blue QDs in a designated position allows to obtain arbitrarily shaped full‐color patterns and pixel arrays with a resolution of 1.78 µm. In addition, the potential for optoelectronic devices is ensured by the preserved photophysical properties, high smoothness, and continuity of the transferred QD films. Consequently, the light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are successfully fabricated based on the transferred QD films. This study expects that the introduced straightforward patterning technology, offering high freedom, precision, and repeatability, will contribute to advancing the development of full‐color high‐resolution displays based on QDs.