bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Futurism Tied To The Procrustean Bed Of The Fascist State
Authors: Berghaus Günter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the course of the 1930s, many of the first- and second- generation Futurists underwent a transformation in their artistic and political outlook. The increased spiritual and subsequently religious character of Futurism (indicated by Fillia ‘s La pittura spirituale, Prampolini ‘s Architettura spirituale, the group manifesto Ane sacrafuturista, etc.) reflected a quest for cosmological certainties when all revolutionary hopes of the past had been shattered. For most Futurists, the alliances with both the Fascists and the Communists had been great disappointments. Many ideals had been destroyed and beliefs in a social and cultural revolution had given way to desperate attempts to find protectors and patrons in the hierarchy of the Mussolini regime. But the conservative, if not reactionary, tastes of the Fascist functionaries meant that favours were predominantly handed out to the Novecento artists. The dream of Futurism as a State art supported by a revolutionary Fascist government did not come true. Fight for survival in a hostile environment became the main motto of Marinetti ‘s movimento futurista from 1924 onwards.
In the 1930s, it became clear to the authorities that the Fascist transformation ofltalian cultural life was much less successful than it appeared on the surface. A police report on the situation in the Syndicate of Writers and Authors and the Artists ‘ Syndicate in the year of the Decennale noted widespread dissatisfaction with, and opposition against, the State and its corporations. And the journal Critica fascista diagnosed in 1933: ‘Even after ten years of Fascist rule the old divide between the new State and the cultural life of the country has not been overcome.
Introduction Mapping the Terrain
Authors: Boa Elizabeth , Palfreyman Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study concerns a multifaceted tradition of cultural reflection and political aspiration which through many transformations has informed debate on German identity for at least a century. The core meaning of the word ‘Heimat’, its denotation, is ‘home’ in the sense of a place rather than a dwelling, but as the many combinations such as Heimatstadt (home town), Heimatland (native land), Heimaterde (native soil), Heimatliebe (patriotism, whether local or national), Heimatrecht (right of domicile), Heimatvertriebene (refugees driven out from a homeland), Heimatforschung (local history), Heimatkunde (local geography, his¬ tory, and natural history) suggest, it bears many connotations, drawing together associations which no single English word could convey. Hence we have chosen to use the German word, and to do so without italics to avoid confusion with Heimat as a title. Hidden within the difficulty of translation lies the sediment of the troubled history of the German-speaking lands. The transition from the particularist patchwork of states to the Prussian-dominated, unified Germany of l871 was marked by tensions between regional and national identity which were intensified by the extreme rapidity of industrialization and urbanization. In the period from the 1840s to 1900 Germany overtook Britain to become the second biggest industrial power after the USA and her population was changing from beingpredominantlyruralto becoming urban.
Heimat at the Turn of the Century The Heimat Art Movement and Clara Viebig’s Eifel Fictions
Authors: Boa Elizabeth , Palfreyman Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heimat discourse catered for that conservative public and could shade into a more radicallyreactionarymode.A polemic favoured on the centre-right of the urban intelligentsia around the turn of the century when the Heimat novel too reached a mass readership, Heimat discourse was a product of a new chattering class of journalists and sub-Nietzschean cultural critics. This was an age ofliterarymanifestos setting battle-lines between opposing camps, although in practice the divisions were not always clear-cut. The term in currency was Heimatkunst, literally Heimat art, and was used indifferently of the visual arts and literature. The proponents of Heimat art defined their aims in opposition to the Naturalist movement.
At Home in the GDR? Heimat in East German Film
Authors: Boa Elizabeth , Palfreyman Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the foundation on 17 May 1946 of DEFA (Deutsche Film Aktien-gesellschaft) under licence by the Soviet military administration, film production in the Soviet zone and then East Germany followed a different course from in the West. DEFA’s remit, as stipulated by the Soviet authorities, was to participate in the struggle to build up a democratic Germany and to educate the German people, especially young Germans, in the spirit of true democracy and humanity. Such a mission contained the seeds for the best and worst features of East German film history as film-makers committed to the socialist project strove to produce serious, critical, and aesthetically ambitious films in the face of official demands for films in the socialist realist mode. Socialist realism was the artistic credo which emerged from the First Pan-Soviet Writers’ Congress of 1934 and was declared binding in the GDR in the 1950s: naturalistic realism deployed in the service of historical truth should show reality moving inexorably towards the communist society; in contrast to the formalism and pessimism of bourgeois elitist art, socialist realist art should be accessible to the masses and should offer role models for the public in the shape of the positive hero. Official pressure was fluctuating, however. It was not permanent warfare but rather a sequence of crises over the years as more liberal or more repressive tendencies prevailed.
Introduction: Querying Method—A Choice Between the Sensual Obsession of Film Theory and Trainspotting The Avengers?
Authors: Miller Toby 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A frogman emerges from Cuban waters. He removes headgear that disguises him to anyone observing from land or air as a bird swimming. He kills a guard, enters a factory, sets explosives, and departs. Stripping down from his scuba gear, we see he is dressed in formal summer evening wear. Pausing only to adjust an adorning flower, he saunters into a cantinaand awaits the explosion he has set. It’s 1964, it’s Goldfinger(Guy Hamilton), and Sean Connery isJames Bond. In 1965, the scene is partially re-enacted for the’TheTown of No Return’. It’s the first episode of The AvengersTV series to be shot on film, the first one screened in the USA, and the debut of Diana Rigg as Mrs Emma Peel. This time, however, a figure is emerging from the distinctly unromantic water of the South of England. He is a foreign agent disguised as a schools inspector, and he cuts a far different figure. Finally, in 1994, Arnold Schwarzenegger in True Lies(James Cameron) returns to the source, transforming himself from battle gear into evening wear.
Memory
Authors: Gordon Robert S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No other Holocaust survivor has written down and reflected on his memories of the camps over such a long period of time-from 1944/ 5, when he wrote scraps of notes in the Buna lab at Monowitz, until his death in 1987, weeks after the publication of an article for LA stampa on the revisionism debate in Germanyand with as much persistent and lucid intelligence as Levi.
Perspective, or Looking Again
Authors: Gordon Robert S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Practical intelligence in Levi entails looking at and understanding the world responsively, flexibly, critically: it is a form of’ good’ or ‘right’ looking, looking at the world anew. And such quality of vision depends, among other things, on where one is looking from and on knowing where one is looking from: in other words on perspective. This chapter explores Levi’s subtle attention to perspective, his fascination with the tricks it can play, his awareness of the nature of his own perspective and the coexistence of different perspectives and their respective claims to being right.
Friendship
Authors: Gordon Robert S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Levi’s narrative chronicles and creates communities. When he turned for the one and only time in his writing career to the novel form, in Se non ora, quando?, he built his entire narrative around the difficult, dangerous, and intense small community of a Jewish partisan band in hiding in the forests of central Europe, often threatened as much by their ‘fellow’ partisans-Poles, Russians, and Ukrainians-as by the Germans.
Max Frisch: Mein Name sei Gantenbein
Authors: Paver Chloe E M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Frisch’s early prose works, written and published in the I93os and I94os, made no great impact,1 but he returned to prose fiction in the I9 50s, having in the mean time established his reputation as a dramatist, and achieved considerable success with the novel Stiller(I954), in which he shows a mature grasp of the possibilities of narrative: a number of perspectives, each of which is in some way restricted or biased, are juxtaposed in such a way that each serves to highlight the limitations of the others. As Halina Malinowska has pointed out, this ‘Point-of-view-Technik’, in which each character possesses ‘ein genau bestimmtes Teil-Wissen’, is characteristic of much modernist prose.
Günter Grass: Örtlich Betäubt
Authors: Paver Chloe E M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While on the campaign trail for the SPD in 1965, Günter Grass told an audience: ‘Es liegen “Demokratische Geschichten” in der Luft’, signalling his intention, in his next literary work, to abandon the era of National Socialism, which had provided such fertile material for his first three prose works, Die Blechtrommel, Katz und Maus, and Hundejahre, and to turn his attention instead to contemporary West Germany.
Introduction
Authors: Gallagher Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The resounding prolificacy of French Caribbean writing during the final half-century of the second millennium prompts many questions. What does this efflorescence mean? For whom is it meaningful? Which urges have driven and sustained it? Is it distinguished by specific concerns or particular paradigms? Such questions might suggest a response framed in terms of time and space, since the passion and the appeal of this literary surge seem to inhere in the forces-reverberations, strains, and stresses-that stretch and even splice Caribbean spatial and temporal consciousness.
The Time-Space of Writing: Voicing Continuities and Texturing Traditions
Authors: Gallagher Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dynamic between the spoken and the written word is a particularly productive one in French Caribbean culture. Given the crucial, if corralled, place of oral culture in the colonial era, and given the historical use of literacy, particularly perhaps in French, as an instrument of colonial domination by assimilation, the stand in of writing in the ex-colonial or neo-colonial Caribbean is bound to be complex. While recognizing the special place of oral production in French Caribbean history and culture, Eduard Glissandi is careful to distinguish between the status of the oral tradition in what he terms ‘cultures ataviques’ or ‘atavistic cultures’, on the one hand, and in ‘cultures composes’ or ‘composite cultures’, on the other.This distinction allows him to avoid setting up a binary opposition between Caribbean morality and writing.
The Plantation Revisited: Revising Time
Authors: Gallagher Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the French Caribbean imagination of local time and space, few ‘chronoscopes’ are of greater significance than those of the plantation and the town. It is in relation to these two nodal topoi that most other micro- or macro-spaces on the islands are defined, usually as tributary or oppositional. They configure not only Caribbean space, but also Caribbean time. Although it would be tempting to discuss here questions such as the relation of natural or uncultivated space (sea, forest, river) to planted space, or the rich semiology of troponins, this chapter attempts to keep both space and time in focus together. This aim is facilitated by the fact that, given the collapse of the plantation system in the mid-twentieth century, ‘plantation writing’ is fundamentally retrospective. Unlike the urban chronoscope, it is, axiomatically, a ‘lieu de memoire’.
Irony, Dialogue, and the Novel
Authors: O’beirne Emer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nathalie Sarraute’s long literary career, spanning the last two thirds of the twentieth century and recently crowned with the publication of her collected works in the prestigious Pléiade series, is justly valued for the innovations it has brought to the novel as an aesthetic form. Her most original contribution to the evolution of fiction in the twentieth century is without doubt in the area of characterization.
Reading and Otherness
Authors: O’beirne Emer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The readings of Erifance and Tu ne t’aimes pas in Chapters 2 and 3 dealt with the way their textual dialogues, being located within the authorial self, point up the insufficiency of a singular discourse when it comes to articulating the truth of that self (a predicament associated in Chapter r with Romantic irony).
Refining Russia
Authors: Kelly Catriona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Advice literature (etiquette manuals, guides to hygiene and house management, and treatises on upbringing) enjoyed massive popularity in Russia between the late eighteenth and the late twentieth centuries. It reflected changing attitudes to appropriate behaviour in private and public, to the acquisition of possessions, and not least to national identity (for many Russians, reading how-to books was seen as a way of ‘learning how to be a Westerner’). Written or translated by members of the cultural elite trying to encourage what they saw as civilized behaviour, advice literature was also a conduit for changing views of mass readers and of their place in society. This important and engaging book is the first systematic exploration of this hitherto neglected genre of popular printed text. It examines the evolution of advice literature from the Enlightenment to the post-Soviet era, from translations of Fénelon and Madame de Lambert in the 1760s and of Samuel Smiles in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, to tracts by Gogol and Tolstoi, Soviet pamphlets on ‘how to be cultured’, and post-Soviet guides to ‘window treatments’. It draws on a huge range of sources – memoirs, ‘novelised conduct books’ such as Anna Karenina, parody advice literature, letters, and reviews – to examine the broader significance of how-to books, and their relationship with daily life (byt) as construct and as lived reality. The result is a book that not only makes a major contribution to the study of popular culture, but also throws an unexpected and revealing light on Russian history more broadly.
The Beauties of Byt: Household Manuals, Social Status, and National Identity, 1830–1880
Authors: Kelly Catriona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pushkin’s paean to Prince Yusupov as the perfect Westernized Russian aristocrat, with which the the previous chapter began, was also a hymn to social harmony. Associating with members of the Third Estate, such as Voltaire, Diderot, or Beaumarchais, as effortlessly as he did with Marie Antoinette and her court, Yusupov exemplified the Enlightenment virtue of lyubeznost’, amiability, a quality that, like self-restraint, wide reading, and sparkling conversation, was considered essential to civilized behaviour.
Self-Help and Spending Power: Advice Literature in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Kelly Catriona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the first century of its presence in Russia, the literature of conduct regulation had generally imagined a reader who was, while not necessarily an aristocrat, certainly a member of the privileged classes.1 A well-bred person was assumed to have an education that had progressed beyond the rudiments of literacy and numeracy to include the appreciation of art and literature, a command of foreign languages, and at least a second-hand acquaintance with Western political and ethical writings; to have refined manners; and to adopt a discriminating attitude to personal possessions, so that objects were not acquired for their own sake, but for their symbolic associations as expressions of cultural values (whether those of connoisseurship, of intellectual ascetism, or of nationally coloured russkii byt).
Editions Of Lemaire’S Poetry
Authors: Armstrong Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many editions of Lemaire’s poetry were published with his Illustrations de Gaule et singularités de Troie, a major historiographical work in three volumes, printed frequently between 1511 and 1549. It is important to grasp this work’s content and political orientation at the outset, since the Illustrations and the material published along- side it each influences the ways in which the other may be read. A learned text, the Illustrations incorporates epic and romance elements, and may be interpreted morally; however, its principal concern is to retrace, through Troy and ultimately to Noah, the genealogy of the inhabitants of ‘Gaul’, and to assert this region’s cultural pre-eminence in Europe. ‘Gaul’ is an ambivalent term: it often denotes an area covering both France and the Austro Burgundian lands (whose praise thus reflects Lemaire’s desire for European unity in the face of Turkish threats), but elsewhere corresponds to France.
Verse Form and Function in Marina Tsvetaeva’ s Tsar’-devitsa
Authors: Smith G S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Written between 14 July and 17 September (NS)1920, and first published in parallel editions in Moscow and Berlin in 1922, Tsar’ -devitsa is the earliest and also the longest of Marina Tsvetaeva’s finished long poems. Subtitled Poema-skazka, it is based on three tales from Afanas’ev’s collection, and is arguably the most important single work of literature among the examples of Russian modernism that draw on folkloric sources, comparable in some respects to the early music of Stravinsky and the pictorial art of Goncharova, Larionov, and Malevich. In this work, Tsvetaeva exploits the freedom from verisimilitude that is offered by her fairy-tale subject matter to develop perhaps the most audacious treatment in all her poetry of transgressive sexuality. The oxymoron in the title of the work announces this concern, and the plot initially reverses conventional gender roles and then subjects them to a dramatic counter-reversal, using complex and dynamic modes of characterization and narration.1 The place occupied by the poem in the general history of reworkings of folk material in Russian literature has been specifically examined,2 as has its place in Tsvetaeva’s treatment ofliterary source material in general.
Introduction: Postcoloniality, Allegory, And The French Caribbean
Authors: Suk Jeannie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rise of postcolonial studies has produced the commonplace that the term ‘postcolonial’ is problematic: it possesses an uneasily defined temporality, politics, and institutional location. That ‘postcolonial’ has myriad possible designations-among them a historical period, a political status, a geographical area, a critical stance, an intellectual development-contributes to the difficulty of its definition even in the face of its increasing adoption and usage.
Glissant, Détour, And History
Authors: Suk Jeannie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have chosen in the previous two chapters to focus on two themes, crossing and allegory. I have suggested that both function as figural models for a certain paradox. Each chapter points to the expression of a desire for unity that depends on a principle of heterogeneity; the drive to regain a prior authenticity and an awareness of a break with the past; nostalgia and the renunciation of nostalgia.
Archetypal Returns: Hérémakhonon And Une Saison À Riha Ta
Authors: Suk Jeannie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Maryse Condé’s oft-cited biography compares suggestively with the intellectual and ideological development of Antillean postcoloniality. Indeed, Condé’s biography is a story of migration, and her oeuvre the product of the migrant’s ‘oblique gaze’. Born in Guadeloupe in 1937, she left at the age of 16 for Paris.
Representing Caribbean Crossings: Traversee De La Mangrove
Authors: Suk Jeannie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since Aimé Césaire’s bold assertion in the Cahier that ‘ma bouche sera la bouche des malheurs qui n’ont point de bouche’ (88; ‘my mouth will be the mouth of those griefs which have no mouth’, 89), the individual as representative of the collectivity has been a central trope in Antillean literature.
Introduction
Authors: Wilson Blake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a recent review of Reinhard Strohm’s book on Music in Late Medieval Bruges, one musicologist spoke for many of us when she expressed surprise in learning that ‘city waits routinely played mensural polyphony by the 1480s’, and that ‘the main incentive for polyphonic composition came from private endowments by lay members of confraternities and guilds’. These revelations surprise because they cut so strongly across the grain of traditional musicological historiography on late medieval and early Renaissance Europe. In this tradition, Europe at that time was divided into two musical classes, an elite and literate one associated with ecclesiastical and aristocratic institutions, and an oral, illiterate one associated with the lower classes.
The Professional Laudese
Authors: Wilson Blake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In florence, the development of the paid, professional laudese occurred primarily in the fourteenth century. The earliest Florentine laudesi statutes, from the last two decades of the thirteenth century, imply that laude were executed at this time by amateur singers chosen from among the company’s ranks. The 1284 statutes of the Company of San Gilio concerned with lauda-singing make no special distinction between the laudesi and other company members.
Ritual Space and Imagination
Authors: Wilson Blake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
La UDA-singing was premised on a belief that was characteristic of devotional religion in early modern Europe, a belief in the ability of the sacred to ‘materialize’ itself. At root was a ‘sacramental view of the world, in which grace was expressed in material forms’, with the consequence that the power of the sacred could be imputed to objects and thereby transmitted to humans.
Decline and Transformation: The Sixteenth Century
Authors: Wilson Blake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the tumultuous half-century between the fall of the Medici republic in 1494 and the stabilization of the Medici principate in the I 540s, traditional confraternal life in Florence collapsed under the pressure of constant political turmoil, long periods of suppression, and recurrent bouts of war and plague. The traditional laudesi devotion of the lay companies had been sustained into the early sixteenth century on the strength of bequests, and for the first time in over two centuries the companies found themselves unable to meet the terms of those bequests. Prolonged cessations of cultic activity and the destruction and confiscation of income properties and meeting places weakened the ancient devotion that, like the republic to which its fate was linked, had survived in its later years more in form than substance. When the lay companies began to revive after mid-century, it was under the twin aegis of the Counter Reformation Church and the Medici principate, which generated new ideals of piety and community that were hospitable to neither the form nor the substance of traditional laudesi devotion.