bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemically detected micrometastasis in lymph nodes from superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanabe Tadashi , Nishimaki Tadashi , Watanabe Hidenobu , Ajioka Yoichi , Akazawa Kohei , Komukai Shintaro , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine the incidence and clarify the patterns of nodal micrometastasis, to elucidate the histopathologic parameters of tumor extension correlating with micrometastasis, and to evaluate whether nodal micrometastasis has clinical significance in patients with superficial esophageal cancer.MethodsLymph nodes resected from 78 patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were examined immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody cocktail AE1/AE3 to define histologically undetectable micrometastasis. Clinical records and pathologic features of all cases were reviewed.ResultsOf the 78 patients, 34 had neither micro‐ nor overt disease in the lymph nodes, 12 had nodal micrometastasis only, and 32 had histologically overt metastasis. Nodal micrometastasis was found in carcinomas reaching the muscularis mucosae or deeper tissues of the esophagus. Multivariate analysis showed that intraesophageal multicentric cancer and venous invasion had significant correlation with nodal micrometastasis (P = 0.005 and 0.017, respectively). However, no clinical impact of nodal micrometastasis could be detected regarding patient outcome.ConclusionsNodal micrometastasis is not rare in patients with superficial esophageal cancer, but it does not appear to have clinical significance in these patients. Nodal micrometastasis correlates with intraesophageal multicentric cancer and venous invasion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:153–159. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative expression of protein markers of plasminogen activation system in prognosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Seetoo Da‐Qiang , Crowe Philip J. , Russell Pamela J. , Yang Jia‐Lin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCertain pathophysiological markers may be helpful in selecting further therapies for patients with resected colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine whether expression of proteins of the plasminogen activation system (PAS), which are important in tumor spread and growth, can predict outcome of human CRC.MethodsProtein expression of the PAS, including urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), plasminogen (Plg), and plasminogen activator inhibitors‐1 and ‐2 (PAI‐1 and PAI‐2), was determined in the colonic tissue samples of 56 patients with resected primary CRC by quantitative immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome.ResultsOverexpression of uPA (t‐test, P < 0.001), uPAR (P < 0.001) and PAI‐1 (P = 0.031) was significantly associated with liver metastatic CRC tumors. Higher uPA or uPAR expression level was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS; log‐rank, P = 0.001 and P < 0.0001) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS; P = 0.001 and P < 0.0001) after the first CRC resection. The predictive value of both uPA and uPAR in liver metastasis, OS and CSS was independent from other parameters (multivariate Cox regression: all P < 0.001).ConclusionsuPA and uPAR may be independent predictors of liver metastasis, patient overall survival and cancer‐specific survival after resection of colorectal tumors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:184–193. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current management of melanoma: Benefits of surgical staging and adjuvant therapy
Authors: McMasters Kelly M. , Swetter Susan M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIssues regarding appropriate management of stage I to III melanoma are addressed. Accurate surgical staging is critical to identifying patients who can benefit from therapeutic lymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy. Patients with primary tumors ≥1 mm thick are appropriate candidates for sentinel lymph node biopsy, and node‐positive patients benefit from therapeutic lymphadenectomy. Although the overall survival benefit of high‐dose interferon has been questioned, the weight of evidence supports the use of adjuvant therapy in patients with stage IIB and III disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:209–216. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Literary enthusiasts as visitors and volunteers
Authors: Smith Karen A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrevious studies of literary tourism have investigated visitor perceptions and responses to literary heritage, concluding that literary attractions and landscapes attract both the generalist heritage visitor and a niche segment of highly motivated ‘literary pilgrims’. Volunteers are increasingly significant within the heritage sector and this paper draws on research with managers and volunteer staff at a sample of literary heritage attractions in the UK. Although the literary properties and figures play a minimal role in the motivations of volunteers, many derive significant rewards from the literary aspects of the sites. In parallel with literary pilgrims, for a core of literary enthusiast volunteers, the literary figure is the primary motivation and reward. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of low level laser therapy on wound healing and its biological action upon myofibroblasts
Authors: Medrado Alena R.A.P. , Pugliese Lívia S. , Reis Sílvia Regina A. , Andrade Zilton A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn re‐evaluating the effects of laser therapy in wound healing, the role of extracellular matrix elements and myofibroblasts, was analyzed.Study Design/Materials and MethodsCutaneous wounds were inflicted on the back of 72 Wistar rats. Low level laser was locally applied with different energy densities. Lesions were analyzed after 24, 48, 72 hours and 5, 7, and 14 days. Tissues were studied by histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy.ResultsIn treated animals, the extent of edema and the number of inflammatory cells were reduced (P < 0.05), but the amount of collagen and elastic fibers appeared slightly increased. Desmin/smooth muscle alpha‐actin‐phenotype myofibroblasts were statistically more prominent on the 3rd day after surgery (P < 0.05) in treated wounds than in controls. Treatment with a dosage of 4 J/cm2 was superior to that with 8 J/cm2.ConclusionsLaser therapy reduced the inflammatory reaction, induced increased collagen deposition and a greater proliferation of myofibroblasts in experimental cutaneous wounds. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:239–244, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acceleration of ALA‐induced PpIX fluorescence development in the oral mucosa
Authors: Charoenbanpachon Sirintra , Krasieva Tatiana , Ebihara Arata , Osann Kathryn , Wilder‐Smith Petra 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe development of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐induced tissue fluorescence is optimal 2–4 hours after ALA application. Goal of this work was to develop a means of accelerating oral topical ALA‐induced tissue fluorescence.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn 300 hamsters, DMBA (9,10 dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene) cheek pouch carcinogenesis produced dysplasia in 3–5 weeks. Topical application of 20% ALA in Eucerin was followed by localized ultrasound treatment (1, 3.3 MHz) in 150 animals. In 75 animals, ALA was applied in an Oral Pluronic Lecithin Organogel (OPLO—an absorption enhancer) vehicle. Seventy‐five animals received only topical ALA in Eucerin. Hamsters were sacrificed and cryosections underwent fluorescence measurements, histological evaluation, 20–180 minutes after ALA application. One‐way ANOVA detected independent effects of pathology on laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF). Two‐way ANOVA tested for independent effect of pathology and of OPLO, ultrasound, and interaction effects.ResultsUltrasound significantly (P < 0.05) accelerated tissue fluorescence development.ConclusionsLow‐frequency ultrasound can accelerate ALA‐induced fluorescence development. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:185–188, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemotherapy‐induced parkinsonism responsive to levodopa: An underrecognized entity
Authors: Chuang Cathy , Constantino Anne , Balmaceda Casilda , Eidelberg David , Frucht Steven J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractParkinsonism is a rare neurological complication of cancer treatment. Although individual case reports of this syndrome have been reported, the clinical features and prevalence of this syndrome are unknown. We present 3 patients, encountered over 6 months at one institution, who developed parkinsonism after treatment with various chemotherapeutic agents. Parkinsonism was severe in 2 patients, affecting postural reflexes, speech, and swallowing. All 3 patients responded dramatically to treatment with levodopa, and parkinsonism spontaneously improved or remitted over months. This unusual complication of cancer therapy is treatable and may be underappreciated. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Randomized trial of modafinil for treating subjective daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Adler Charles H. , Caviness John N. , Hentz Joseph G. , Lind Marlene , Tiede Judy 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe assessed the safety and efficacy of modafinil for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This was a single‐site, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study of 21 PD patients having an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score ≥10. They received either placebo or modafinil 200 mg/day for 3 weeks, followed by a washout week, then the alternate treatment for 3 weeks. The ESS data demonstrated a carryover effect, so the changes from baseline ESS scores were compared between the two treatments for period 1 only. The ESS scores for the placebo group went from 16.0 ± 4.2 (mean ± SD) to 17.0 ± 5.1 and for the modafinil group went from 17.8 ± 4.2 to 14.4 ± 5.7 (P = 0.039). There was no significant carryover effect for any other measure. The patient Clinical Global Impression of Change (+3 to −3) improved by 0.75 on modafinil compared with 0.15 for placebo (P = 0.07). A total of 7 of 20 (35%) of the patients reported some improvement on modafinil but not placebo. There was no significant improvement or worsening of the UPDRS subscores I–III, Timed Tap test, or time on. Vital signs, electrocardiograms, and lab tests were unchanged. Modafinil was very well tolerated. Our data demonstrate that, in a small sample size, administration of 200 mg/day of modafinil was associated with few side effects and was modestly effective for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with PD.
Dextrans in microsurgery: A review
Authors: Jallali N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis articles reviews the use of dextrans in free tissue transfer. Current recommended regimes, indications, and complications are discussed. In conclusion, dextrans cannot be used as a substitute for good surgical technique, and should be utilized cautiously, especially in the elderly. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:78–80 2003
Tissue engineering of peripheral nerves: Epineurial grafts with application of cultured Schwann cells
Authors: Fansa H. , Dodic T. , Wolf G. , Schneider W. , Keilhoff G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAfter a simple nerve lesion, primary microsurgical suture is the treatment of choice. A nerve gap has to be bridged, with a nerve graft sacrificing a functioning nerve. Alternatively, tissue engineering of nerve grafts has become a subject of experimental research. It is evident that nerve regeneration requires not only an autologous, allogenous, or biodegradable scaffold, but additional interactions with regeneration‐promoting Schwann cells. In this study, we compared epineurial and acellularized epineurial tubes with and without application of cultured Schwann cells as alternative grafts in a rat sciatic nerve model. Autologous nerve grafts served as controls. Evaluation was performed after 6 weeks; afterwards, sections of the graft and distal nerve were harvested for histological and morphometrical analysis. Compared to controls, all groups showed a significantly lower number of axons, less well‐shaped remyelinizated axons, and a delay in clinical recovery (e.g., toe spread). The presented technique with application of Schwann cells into epineurial tubes did not offer any major advantages for nerve regeneration. Thus, in this applied model, neither the implantation of untreated nor the implantation of acellularized epineurial tubes with cultured Schwann cells to bridge nerve defects was capable of presenting a serious alternative to the present gold standard of conventional nerve grafts for bridging nerve defects in this model. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:72–77 2003
Flap coverage of dorsum of hand associated with extensor tendons injuries: A completely vascularized single‐stage reconstruction
Authors: Adani Roberto , Marcoccio Ignazio , Tarallo Luigi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study reports results in 12 patients treated with “completely vascularized single‐stage approaches,” so defined because skin, tendon, and nerve are transferred as a compound flap, and all are vascularized. A free dorsalis pedis cutaneotendinous flap was used in 7 patients, while a radial forearm cutaneotendinous island flap was transposed in 5 patients. A dorsalis pedis flap provides four vascularized extensor tendons (extensor digitorum comunis tendons), and the radial artery flap permits the inclusion of one completely vascularized tendon (palmaris longus) and two “strips” of vascularized tendons (flexor carpi radialis and brachioradialis). The flaps survived in all cases, and the transferred tendons were functioning well. The dorsalis pedis flap can be employed in the reconstruction of cutaneotendinous defects of the dorsum of the hand which require the use of three or four tendons grafts. We suggest the use of forearm cutaneotendinous flaps in cases of reconstruction of one or two extensor tendons. The “completely vascularized single‐stage reconstruction” avoids prolonged hospitalization and results in a rapid restoration of near‐normal function and appearance of the hand. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:32–39 2003
Boundary observation and exact control of multilayered piezoelectric body
Authors: Kapitonov Boris V. , Raupp Marco Antonio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper considers the transmission problem for the system of piezoelectricity having piecewise constant coefficients. Under suitable geometric conditions imposed on the domain and the interfaces where the coefficients have a jump discontinuity, results on boundary observation and exact controllability are established. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐field theoretical model of radiation from a uniform‐tilted fiber‐Bragg grating
Authors: Jáuregui C. , López‐Higuera J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA theoretical model for studying the outgoing radiation from a uniform‐tilted fiber‐Bragg grating has been developed. This model allows for calculation of the radiated fields in the vicinity of the fiber. Good agreement was found between the simulation and experimental results, which validates the proposed model. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 124–127, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10843
NMR and structure review of some natural furoclerodanes
Authors: Maciel Maria A. M. , Pinto Angelo C. , Kaiser Carlos R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe structures of some natural occurring furoclerodanes isolated from Croton cajucara were re‐examined using a more powerful NMR instrument (600 MHz for 1H), 2D NMR experiments, AM1 calculations and 1H spectrum simulations. This study led to new signal assignments and allowed us to establish the correct structure of the compound named sacacarin, which corresponding to its 20‐oxo‐isomer, is thus renamed iso‐sacacarin. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton high‐field NMR study of tomato juice
Authors: Sobolev Anatoli P. , Segre Annalaura , Lamanna Raffaele 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA detailed analysis of the proton high‐field (600 MHz) NMR spectra of tomato juice and pulp is reported for the first time. A combination of J‐resolved, COSY, TOCSY, DOSY, 1H–13C HSQC and 1H–13C HMBC 2D sequences was used to assign each spin system and to separate the components of the complex patterns in the 1D overlapped proton spectra. To obtain resolved proton spectra of tomato pulps the high‐resolution magic angle spinning technique was used; a comparison with the liquid‐state NMR spectra of the corresponding juices was accomplished. On the basis of the assignments made, the chemical composition of tomato juices from two cultivars (Red Setter and Ciliegino) was determined. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of potentiation on the catchlike property of human skeletal muscles
Authors: Ding Jun , Storaska Jennifer A. , Binder‐Macleod Stuart A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe catchlike property of skeletal muscle is the force enhancement produced when a brief, high‐frequency burst of pulses (two to four pulses) is added to a subtetanic train of pulses. Stimulation trains that take advantage of the catchlike property have been shown to produce greater forces than trains commonly used during clinical application of functional electrical stimulation (FES). We recently showed, however, that there was no force enhancement observed with the catchlike property when muscles were nonfatigued and highly potentiated. Thus, understanding the relationship between the force augmentations produced by the catchlike property and potentiation may provide insight into the physiological conditions that best take advantage of the catchlike property. The goal of this study was to explore quantitatively the effect of potentiation on the catchlike property of the muscle. Isometric data were collected from human quadriceps femoris muscles. A negative linear relationship between the force augmentation produced by the catchlike property and the amount of potentiation was observed. These data showed that for nonfatigued muscles, the catchlike property would be most beneficial at the onset of activation, when muscles are the least potentiated. These results should help to guide clinicians to design stimulation protocols that optimize performance during FES. Muscle Nerve 27: 312–319, 2003
Neuromuscular dysfunction elicited by cyclic lumbar flexion
Authors: Claude Lakiesha N. , Solomonow Moshe , Zhou Bing‐He , Baratta Richard V. , Zhu Meng Ping 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn attempt was made to develop an in vivo model that could explain the neurophysiological and biomechanical processes active in the development of the idiopathic low back disorder common in workers who perform repetitive lifting tasks in industry. Passive cyclic flexion of the feline lumbar spine at 0.1 HZ for 20 min resulted in creep of the supraspinous ligament and other lumbar viscoelastic tissues as well as spasms superimposed on a decreasing electromyogram (EMG) elicited reflexly from the multifidus muscles. Rest for 7 h did not allow full recovery of the viscoelastic creep; the multifidus EMG gradually increased with initial and delayed hyperexcitability. Increasing the peak load of the cyclic flexion resulted in larger creep in the passive tissues and required a longer time for recovery of reflex EMG activity and longer delayed hyperexcitability, but development of spasms and hyperexcitability was unaffected. It is conceivable that damage to the viscoelastic tissues elicits an inflammatory process that in turn triggers a transient neuromuscular disorder. The present findings provide a biomechanical and neurophysiological explanation for a common idiopathic low back disorder as well as for the development of a cumulative trauma disorder often seen in workers engaged in repetitive lumbar flexion. Muscle Nerve 27:348–358, 2003
Extension of the Griffith's fracture criteria to saturated clays
Authors: Dégué K.M. , Soulié M. , Ladanyi B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInglis [1] has solved the problem of distribution of stress in an elastic plate around an elliptical hole. His works clarify the role of cracks in the failure of an elastic material. However, his solution cannot be applied to saturated clay because he considers only total stresses, while, in saturated clay, the criterion of rupture should be expressed in terms of effective and not total stresses. The solution of Atkinson and Craster [2] using Biot's poroelasticity theory, shows that there is no high pore pressure in the vicinity of the crack tips for saturated clay. The major difference between this approach and the Biot's theory of is that, in saturated clay, strain is a function of the variation of the effective stress [3], while, in poroelastic media, strain is only a function of the variation of the total stress [4, Equation 2.2]. Also in their solution there is continuity between the pore fluid and the inner fluid in the crack. Their solution is valid for poroelastic media involving a movement of the pore fluid. In our solution there is no movement of the pore fluid (Undrained condition). In this paper we have solved the same problem as Inglis [1], but for the particular case of saturated clay obeying elastic law. By solving this problem we obtained the expressions for pore pressure, effective stress, total stress and displacements. The results show that not only the total stress but also the pore pressure and the effective stress are also high in the vicinity of the crack tips. A new failure criterion, based on Griffith's strain energy principle [5] and maximum tensile stress [6], valid for saturated clay is developed in this paper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scheduling of depalletizing and truck loading operations in a food distribution system
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Long , Lee Chung‐Yee 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper studies a scheduling problem arising in a beef distribution system where pallets of various types of beef products in the warehouse are first depalletized and then individual cases are loaded via conveyors to the trucks which deliver beef products to various customers. Given each customer's demand for each type of beef, the problem is to find a depalletizing and truck loading schedule that fills all the demands at a minimum total cost. We first show that the general problem where there are multiple trucks and each truck covers multiple customers is strongly NP‐hard. Then we propose polynomial‐time algorithms for the case where there are multiple trucks, each covering only one customer, and the case where there is only one truck covering multiple customers. We also develop an optimal dynamic programming algorithm and a heuristic for solving the general problem. By comparing to the optimal solutions generated by the dynamic programming algorithm, the heuristic is shown to be capable of generating near optimal solutions quickly. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003
A general model of heterogeneous system lifetimes and conditions for system burn‐in
Authors: Kim Kyungmee O. , Kuo Way 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBurn‐in is a technique to enhance reliability by eliminating weak items from a population of items having heterogeneous lifetimes. System burn‐in can improve system reliability, but the conditions for system burn‐in to be performed after component burn‐in remain a little understood mathematical challenge. To derive such conditions, we first introduce a general model of heterogeneous system lifetimes, in which the component burn‐in information and assembly problems are related to the prediction of system burn‐in. Many existing system burn‐in models become special cases and two important results are identified. First, heterogeneous system lifetimes can be understood naturally as a consequence of heterogeneous component lifetimes and heterogeneous assembly quality. Second, system burn‐in is effective if assembly quality variation in the components and connections which are arranged in series is greater than a threshold, where the threshold depends on the system structure and component failure rates. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 364–380, 2003.