bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Algebraic Data Types and Processes: A Unifying Theory
Authors: Gaudel Marie-Claude , James Perry R. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.
There is now a lot of interest in program testing based on formal specifications. However, most the works in this area focus on one formalized aspect of the software under test. For instance, some previous works of the first author consider abstract data type specifications. Other works are based on behavioural descriptions, such as finite state machines or finite labelled transition systems. This paper begins by brie y recalling the principles of test data selection from algebraic data types specifications. Then, it transposes them to basic and full LOTOS. Finally it exploits this uniform framework and suggests a new integrated approach to test derivation from full LOTOS specifications, where both behavioural properties and data types properties are taken into account when dealing with processes.
A clinical and radiographic comparison of absorbable and non‐absorbable suture anchors in open shoulder stabilisation
Authors: Ejerhed Lars , Kartus Jüri , Funck Eduard , Köhler Kristina , Sernert Ninni , Karlsson Jon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results using either absorbable or non‐absorbable suture anchors in patients with recurrent unidirectional, post‐traumatic shoulder dislocations. All patients had a Bankart lesion. One surgeon operated on 33 consecutive patients, 27 males and six females. Group A comprised 15 shoulders and group B 18 shoulders, all of which underwent a standardised open Bankart reconstruction using 3.7‐mm TAG suture anchors. In group A, absorbable anchors were used, while in group B, non‐absorbable ones were used. There was one re‐dislocation in each group. In group A, the Rowe and Constant scores were 89 (69–98) and 89 (76–99) points, respectively. The corresponding values in group B were 87 (44–98) (not significant; NS) and 90 (71–100) points (NS). The strength measurements revealed 8.1 (3.8–12.3) kg in 90° abduction in group A and 10.0 (6.7–12.0) kg in group B. Healthy control shoulders revealed 10.2 (4.5–13.2) kg (NS A and B versus controls). The external rotation in abduction was 70° (40–90) in group A and 80° (40–100) in group B. The value for the controls was 90° (80–120) [P<0.001 (A versus controls),P<0.05 (A versus B) andP<0.001 (B versus controls)]. The radiographs revealed that 9/15 (60%) in group A and 10/15 (66%) in group B had visible drill holes or cystic formations in conjunction with the drill holes (NS). Furthermore, 11/15 (73%) in group A and 10/15 (66%) in group B had signs of minor degeneration (NS). We conclude that, in terms of stability and clinical results, no differences were found between the study groups. Both groups demonstrated a restriction in external rotation as compared with the healthy shoulders in the same cohort. On the radiographs, visible drill holes or cystic formations in conjunction with the drill holes were seen with equal frequency, regardless of whether absorbable or non‐absorbable suture anchors were used.
Abnormal bone scans of the tibial tunnel 2 years after patella ligament anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: correlation with tunnel enlargement and tibial graft length
Authors: Hogervorst T. , van der Hart C.P. , Pels Rijcken T.H. , Taconis W.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTibial bone tunnels were examined with bone scans 2 years after patella ligament ACL reconstruction in 68 patients. At 2 years, scan uptake at the tibial tunnel was increased in 29% of patients. Marked increase of scintigraphic uptake was associated with tibial tunnel enlargement of more than 35% and a graft length in the tibial tunnel over 14 mm. Scan uptake was correlated to tunnel enlargement (r=0,64, P<0.01) and tunnel enlargement was correlated to graft length inside the tibial tunnel (r=0,59P<0,001). No correlation was found between scan uptake or tunnel enlargement and anterior laxity, sagittal tunnel position and subjective outcome. Scintigraphy indicates the enlarged tibial tunnels are filled with remodelling bone. Tibial fixation location influences ligament healing inside the tunnel: Return of osseous homeostasis at the tibial tunnel can take more than 2 years when fixation is more than 14 mm below the joint.
One‐stage Surgical Management of Concomitant Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Gastric or Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Kenji , Murayama Takaya , Nagasaki Kazuhito , Osumi Koji , Tanaka Katsunori , Nakamaru Makoto , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: August 2002

One‐stage surgical management of concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and gastric or colorectal cancer should provide certain benefits. We reviewed the records of 21
patients with both AAA and gastric or colorectal cancer who underwent one‐stage surgical management. Four had distal gastrectomy, 2 had total gastrectomy, and 5 had abdominoperineal rectal resection transperitoneally; 3 had total gastrectomy transperitoneally and AAA repair extraperitoneally. Two underwent right hemicolectomy and thromboexclusion of the AAA. Two had creation of a temporary ileostomy and implantation of an interposition graft. Two underwent left hemicolectomy, creation of a temporary transversostomy, and implantation of an interposition graft. One had a Hartmann’s procedure and implantation of a bifurcated prosthetic interposition graft for AAA. There were no operative deaths or serious postoperative complications. One patient had colorectal ischemia that resolved with conservative treatment. Eighteen of the 21 patients (85.7%) were alive
10 months to 14 years postoperatively. In conclusion, one‐stage surgical treatment of concomitant AAA and gastric or colorectal cancer is well tolerated and can avoid the time, financial costs, and patient anxiety involved in a second operation.
Double Role of HLA in Organ Transplantation
Authors: van Rood Jon J. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Although HLA matching can improve organ graft survival, well matched grafts fail and poorly matched ones survive. Recently evidence has been found that perinatal exposure to noninherited antigens (NIMAs) has a lifelong impact on the immune repertoire of the individual. The state of the art of the influence of NIMAs on graft survival is summarized. These findings could lead to a better understanding of the allograft reaction.
Endoscopic Management of Polypoid Early Colon Cancer
Authors: Williams Christopher B. , Saunders Brian P. , Talbot Ian C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEndoscopic management of polypoid early colonic cancer (malignant polyps and polypoid carcinomas) is no longer controversial. When the endoscopist is satisfied that excision is complete and histology is "favorable" (a resection margin of 2 mm and well or moderately well differentiated tumor), surgery is unnecessary. When histology shows "unfavorable" characteristics (which a few histologists still take to include invasion into lymphatics), surgical or laparoscopic resection may be indicated, providing the patient is considered at suitable risk. Surgery kills some patients without finding residual cancer and cannot save others with metastases, so it should be recommended only with due clinical consideration. Sessile or broad‐based polyps, especially those in the rectum, are more likely to be "high risk" and merit specialist management if local removal is to be attempted and to allow proper histologic assessment. Endoscopic approaches such as saline injection polypectomy, india‐ink tattooing, and use of the argon beam coagulator are applicable in some cases. New approaches that still require trials include ultrasonographic probes, which occasionally clarify the degree of invasion, and prototype stapling devices to allow full‐thickness histologic specimens to be obtained.
Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications in Benign Goiter Surgery: Prospective Multicenter Study in Germany
Authors: Thomusch Oliver , Machens Andreas , Sekulla Carsten , Ukkat Jörg , Lippert Hans , Gastinger Ingo , Dralle Henning 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRisk factors for postoperative complications of benign goiter surgery have not been investigated systematically. To this end, a prospective multicenter study (January 1 through December 31, 1998) was conducted involving 7266 patients with surgery for benign goiter from 45 East German hospitals. High‐volume providers (>150 operations per year) performed 69% (5042/7266), intermediate‐volume providers 27% (50–150), and low‐volume providers 4% (258/7266) of operations. Among the hospital groups, the pattern of thyroid disease did not vary significantly, but there was a trend that small‐volume providers tended to perform more operations for uninodular goiter and high‐volume providers treated more patients with Graves' disease and recurrent goiter. Extent of resection (p < 0.0001) and remnant size (multinodular goiter and recurrent goiter, p < 0.001), differed significantly, with total thyroidectomy being performed more often in hospitals with more than 150 operations compared to hospitals with an operative volume of less than 150 procedures per year. Despite the larger extent of resection and smaller remnant size, rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy or hypoparathyroidism were not increased. When the logistic regression analyses were fitted to evaluate the impact of risk factors on transient and permanent RLN palsy and hypoparathyroidism, larger extent of resection [relative risk (RR) 1.5–2.1] and recurrent goiter (RR 1.8–3.4) consistently evolved as independent risk factors. With hypoparathyroidism, additional significant factors included patient gender (RR 2.1–2.4), hospital operative volume (RR 0.8–1.5), and Graves' disease (RR 2.8). Unlike parathyroid gland identification during hypoparathyroidism, RLN identification (RR 1.6) significantly (p= 0.01) reduced permanent RLN palsy rates. The multivariate analyses clearly confirmed the pivotal role of routine RLN identification, independent of the extent of the thyroid resection. These findings might help hospitals with lower operative volumes to identify patients at increased risk whom they might consider for specialist care.
Catabolic Response to Stress and Injury: Implications for Regulation
Authors: Hasselgren Per‐Olof 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMuscle catabolism is an important component of the metabolic response to stress and injury, including sepsis and burn injury. Muscle wasting and weakness in catabolic patients may adversely affect the outcome in these patients owing to delayed ambulation and involvement of respiratory muscles. An understanding of the regulation of muscle protein breakdown during sepsis and following injury therefore is of great importance from a clinical standpoint and is essential for the development of new therapeutic modalities to prevent protein loss from muscle tissue. Studies in experimental animals and in patients have provided evidence that the myofibrillar proteins actin and myosin are particularly sensitive to the effects of sepsis and injury. Glucocorticoids, interleukin‐1, and tumor necrosis factor participate in the regulation of muscle protein breakdown. Most muscle proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin—proteasome‐dependent proteolytic pathway. Because the proteasome does not degrade intact myofibrils, a calcium‐dependent Z‐band disintegration and release of myofilaments from the myofibrils may be an important initial step of muscle breakdown during sepsis and other catabolic conditions. Continued studies to define mechanisms of the catabolic response to stress and injury are important for improving the metabolic care of patients with muscle catabolism.
Place of Video‐thoracoscopy in Thoracic Surgical Practice
Authors: Yim Anthony P.C. , Lee Tak Wai , Izzat Mohammad Bashar , Wan Song 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe advent of video‐endoscopy revolutionizes the practice of surgery. Within a short span of time, video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become an acceptable approach to a wide range of thoracic procedures. The use of VATS as a diagnostic modality is now well established. For therapeutic procedures, VATS has also been generally accepted for the treatment of such conditions as primary spontaneous pneumothorax, loculated effusions, thoracodorsal sympathectomy, and resection of simple mediastinal cysts. Its roles in more complex procedures such as thymectomy and anatomic lung resections, however, remain poorly defined at present, even though the existing intermediate‐term results are encouraging. VATS is still in evolution. Miniaturization of instruments promises to reduce access‐induced trauma even further. On the other hand, attention to cost‐containment is essential if VATS is to be applicable to patients in developing countries. Technology will continue to change. Carefully conducted clinical trials should precede the general acceptance of any new technology, no matter how attractive it may appear initially.
Pulmonary and Thymic Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: Dusmet Michael E. , McKneally Martin F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCarcinoid tumors of the lung and bronchi are usually benign lesions with no influence on life expectancy, although occasionally, they are malignant with a poor prognosis. Between these two extremes are atypical carcinoids, which can be slow‐growing tumors with an average 5‐year survival of 60% and an average 10‐year survival of 40%. The myriad names used to describe these lesions complicates the understanding of their behavior, especially as the term carcinoid is used to describe the complete spectrum of disease or exclusively the benign well differentiated lesions with an excellent prognosis. Thymic carcinoids are uncommon lesions. Their prognosis is poor, even in cases that appear favorable in terms of resectability and histology. Pulmonary carcinoids present uncommonly with a paraneoplasic syndrome. Both carcinoid and Cushing syndromes are seen with approximately 2% of these lesions. Cushing syndrome can be present in as many as one‐third of patients with thymic carcinoids but an association with the carcinoid syndrome has never been described.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type IIa: Retrospective French Multicentric Study
Authors: Kraimps Jean‐Louis , Denizot Anne , Carnaille Bruno , Henry Jean‐François , Proye Charles , Bacourt François , Sarfati Emile , Dupond Jean‐Louis , Maes Brigitte , Travagli Jean‐Paul , Boneu Andrée , Roger Patrick , Houdent Chantal , Barbier Jacques , Modigliani Elisabeth ,   Groupe d’Etude des Tumeurs á Calcitonine (GETCroup) Surgeons
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type IIa is rare, occurring in 20% to 30% of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical findings, surgical therapy, and outcome for 56 patients affected by PHPT among 249 MEN‐IIa patients collected from 84 families assembled by the Groupe d’Etude des Tumeurs á Calcitonine (GETC, French Calcitonin Tumors Study Group). This retrospective study was based on cases registered by the GETC (20 participating centers) from 1969 to 1994. Characteristics of PHPT in 56 patients (31 women, 25 men) with MEN‐IIa were reviewed. All but two underwent cervicotomy. The median age at diagnosis was 37.6 years. PHPT was found concomitantly with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or pheochromocytoma in 43 patients (77%). PHPT was asymptomatic in 68% of the patients. Serum calcium levels ranged from 2.20 to 3.70 mmol/L (median 2.82 mmol/L; normal 2.10–2.60 mmol/L). The number of parathyroid glands removed at surgery was 0 (n= 2), 1 (n= 24), 2 (n= 5), > 2 (n= 12), 4 (n= 11). Pathology (initial surgery) consisted of 24 adenomas, 4 double adenomas, and 25 hyperplasia. Cure after initial surgery was obtained in 89%, including a 22% incidence of hypoparathyroidism. There were 6 cases (11%) with persistent PHPT. With a mean follow‐up of 6.4 years, five patients (9%) had recurrent PHPT. The results indicate that MEN‐IIa‐related PHPT is generally associated with mild, often asymptomatic hypercalcemia. Despite recurrences encountered 5 to 15 years after the first cervicotomy, resection of only macroscopically enlarged glands generally appears sufficient. Subtotal or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation is associated with a high rate of hypoparathyroidism.
Clinical and Financial Aspects of Cholecystectomy: Laparoscopic Versus Open Technique
Authors: Stevens Hieronymus P.J.D. , van de Berg Marjan , Ruseler Coert H. , Wereldsma Jack C.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractClinical and financial aspects of laparoscopic (LC) (n= 119) and open (OC) (n= 117) cholecystectomy are compared in a retrospective study. The number and nature of perioperative complications do not differ importantly between these techniques. In favor of LC, significant differences are observed regarding the numbers of days severe pain was suffered (mean 1.7 days versus 5.4 days), the total number of days pain was suffered (mean 7.0 days versus 12.2 days), the number of postoperative days in hospital (mean 3.1 days versus 8.8 days), the extent of perioperative monitoring performed, and the number of days before patients could return to (every day) work (mean 12.8 days versus 34.8 days). In this study total charges for LC (hospital and professional charges) are significantly lower than the total charges for OC [means, in dutch guilders (DG) were 4425 for LC versus 9215 for OC; $1 US = 1.93 DG]. The difference is the result of fewer days of postoperative hospitalization and reduced perioperative screening for LC. Furthermore, hospital charges for LC in The Netherlands (DG 3655) are less expensive than average hospital charges reported so far (US $1894 compared to $4948). For the hospital itself, however, on an annual base LC might well be more expensive than OC because of a maximum quota‐annex‐budgetizing system installed by the government to keep national health care costs controllable and low. In conclusion, LC has clear advantages over OC in clinical, social, and financial respects. Unjustly, the hospital does not seem to gain financial benefit from this fact.
Acute pancreatitis: Nonsurgical management
Authors: Tenner Scott , Banks Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe care of patients with severe acute pancreatitis is complex. Although numerous medical therapies have been proposed, few interventions have been shown to be of benefit in patients with severe disease. This review summarizes the nonoperative management of patients with acute pancreatitis, including therapies shown to be of little value, the role of antibiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis, the importance of monitoring and supportive care, and the rationale of endoscopic and surgical intervention.
New Approach to Surgical Management of Early Esophageal Thoracic Perforation: Primary Suture Repair Reinforced with Absorbable Mesh and Fibrin Glue
Authors: Bardaxoglou E. , Manganas D. , Meunier B. , Landen S. , Maddern G.J. , Campion J.P. , Launois B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEsophageal perforation is a life‐threatening situation and represents a major therapeutic challenge. Results have improved in recent years particularly as a result of progress in antibiotic therapy and the use of total parenteral nutrition. Surgical management retains a predominant role, involving early primary closure and thoracic drainage. We have made an addition to the surgical management by applying an absorbable mesh and fibrin glue to the repaired site. Seven patients (ages 38–79 years)
were treated as described. The mean interval from leak to surgery was
28 hours. Six patients had an uneventful postoperative course with a mean hospital stay of 34 days (range 26–45 days). In one case the technique failed and the patient required an exclusion‐diversion procedure. All 7 patients recovered without mortality. We believe that this technique provides a real improvement for this precarious esophageal repair.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Open Groin Hernia Repair
Authors: Taylor Eric W. , Byrne Derek J. , Leaper David J. , Karran Stephan J. , Browne M. Kennedy , Mitchell Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAntibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely given for nonimplant, clean operations, although this view has recently been challenged. We have conducted a randomized multicenter, double‐blind prospective trial to compare co‐amoxiclav with placebo in 619 patients undergoing open groin hernia repair. Altogether 563 (91%) patients fulfilled the protocol; 283 received co‐amoxiclav and 280 placebo. There was no difference between the groups in the number of patients receiving local or general anesthetic, the type of repair performed, the use of a subcutaneous fat suture, the type of skin closure used, the use of wound analgesia, or the use of a wound drain. Patients were given a card to return to the hospital in the event of their wound discharging or their needing to see their general practitioner. All patients were reviewed at approximately 6 weeks after operation. Fifty (8.9%) patients sustained a wound infection, 25 in the co‐amoxiclav group and 25 in the placebo group. We conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis is of no benefit to patients undergoing open groin hernia repair.
Portal Vein Thrombosis following Splenectomy for Hematologic Disease: Prospective Study with Doppler Color Flow Imaging
Authors: Chaffanjon Philippe C.J. , Brichon Pierre‐Yves , Ranchoup Yves , Gressin Remy , Sotto Jean Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the results of a prospective series of 60 consecutive splenectomies for hematologic disorders performed between February 1995 and May 1996. The portal venous flow of all the patients (34 men and 26 women with a mean age of 54.1 years) was systematically studied before and after intervention with Doppler color imaging (on the day before the intervention and on the 7th and 30th postoperative days). The objective of this study were to determine the real frequency of asymptomatic portal or splenic venous thrombosis (PSVT) after hematologic splenectomy. The intervention began with exteriorization of the spleen and the tail of the pancreas; ligation of the splenic vein was performed close to its junction with the inferior mesenteric vein. Twenty‐three complications (38.3%) were noted with three deaths (5%). One symptomatic PSVT (1.6%) and three asymptomatic PSVTs (6.7%) were diagnosed and treated with no deaths. Three risk factors of PSVT, recognized by all the authors, were present in these four cases: large splenomegaly, thrombocytosis, or myeloproliferative disorder. The systematic ultrasonographic (US) examinations increased the frequency of diagnosis of PSVT sevenfold during the perioperative period. Patients with marked splenomegaly associated with lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or myeloid metaplasia probably require systematic US monitoring during follow‐up, but this must be determined by further study.
Altered Bile Composition in the Gallbladder and Common Bile Duct of Patients with Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Ductal Junction
Authors: Sugiyama Yuzuru , Kobori Hiroyasu , Hakamada Kenichi , Seito Dai , Sasaki Mutsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe high incidence of biliary tract carcinoma in patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction (APBDJ) has been well documented. Elevation of the secondary and free bile acid (FBA) concentrations is considered a risk factor for biliary carcinogenesis in these patients. Bile from the gallbladder and common bile duct in 12 patients with APBDJ was analyzed and compared with gallbladder bile from 19 patients with gastric cancer and a normal hepatobiliary tract. The concentrations of secondary bile acids were significantly lower in the APBDJ group than in the control group, and FBA concentrations were not detected in the gallbladder in either group. The lysolecithin (LL) in the phospholipid, which is produced from lecithin by activated phospholipase A2 in refluxing pancreatic juice, was significantly elevated in the APBDJ group. Elevation of the LL concentration in the bile is one of the factors for the development of biliary tract carcinoma in patients with APBDJ.