bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E phenotype affects the malondialdehyde‐modified LDL concentration and forearm endothelial function in postmenopausal women
Authors: Tsuda Mikio , Sanada Mitsuhiro , Higashi Yukihito , Hara Yoshiko , Kodama Ichiro , Chayama Kazuaki , Yoshizumi Masao , Ohama Koso 
Published: November 2004

Summaryobjective  We investigated whether the apolipoprotein E (apo E) phenotype affects the serum concentration of malondialdehyde‐modified low‐density lipoprotein (MDA‐LDL) or forearm endothelial function in postmenopausal women.patients and measurements  Individuals were divided into three groups according to their apo E phenotype: E2 (E2/2 and E2/3, n = 12); E3 (E3/3, n = 71); and E4 (E3/4 and E4/4, n = 27). The serum concentrations of lipids and MDA‐LDL were measured. Forearm blood flow during reactive hyperaemia and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration was measured by strain‐gauge plethysmography.results  The serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in the E4 group than in the E2 group (P < 0·05) or in the E3 group (P < 0·05). The serum apo B concentration was significantly higher in the E4 group than in the E2 group (P < 0·05). The serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and nitrite/nitrate were significantly lower in the E4 group than in the E2 group (P < 0·05). Other lipid concentrations did not differ in the three groups. The serum MDA‐LDL concentration was highest in the E4 group, and was lowest in the E2 group (E2: 91·1 ± 6·9 IU/l, E3: 112·3 ± 5·9 IU/l, E4: 128·8 ± 9·9 IU/l; P < 0·05). The forearm blood flow response to reactive hyperaemia was lowest in the E4 group, and highest in the E2 group (E2: 52·2 ± 5·8 ml/min per 100 ml tissue, E3: 40·7 ± 1·7 ml/min per 100 ml tissue, E4: 33·4 ± 2·4 ml/min per 100 ml tissue; P < 0·05). The forearm blood flow changes in response to nitroglycerine were similar between all three groups.conclusions  The apo E phenotype affects the serum MDA‐LDL concentration and forearm endothelial function in postmenopausal women.
A novel PROP1 gene mutation (157delA) in Japanese siblings with combined anterior pituitary hormone deficiency
Authors: Tatsumi Ke‐ita , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Tsumura Kumi , Amino Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2004

Summaryobjective  The majority of cases of combined anterior pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) reported in Japanese patients have PIT1 abnormality. This study describes for the first time a homozygous mutation of the PROP1 gene in two Japanese siblings with CPHD born to consanguineous parents.patients  Two siblings were growth retarded at 3 years of age and developed hypothyroidism. Pituitary function tests showed combined deficiency of GH, TSH, PRL and gonadotrophins. The size of their pituitary glands decreased with age, as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).results  The PROP1 gene was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. Both children were homozygous for a novel single base deletion at codon 53 (157delA), while their parents were heterozygous. This mutation, if translated, predicts the production of a protein lacking the paired‐like homeodomain required for DNA binding, suggesting that the mutation was the direct cause of CPHD in these patients.conclusions  157delA is the first reported Japanese PROP1 gene mutation. In Japan, PROP1 abnormality appears to be a less frequent cause of CPHD than does PIT1 abnormality, whereas PROP1 abnormality predominates in CPHD patients of Caucasian and European origin.
Migration velocity analysis by depth image‐wave remigration: first results
Authors: Schleicher J. , Novais A. , Munerato F.P. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThe image‐wave equation for depth remigration is a partial differential equation that is similar to the acoustic wave equation. In this work, we study its finite‐difference solution and possible applications. The conditions for stability, dispersion and dissipation exhibit a strong wavenumber dependence. Where higher horizontal than vertical wavenumbers are present in the data to be remigrated, stability may be difficult to achieve. Grid dispersion and dissipation can only be reduced to acceptable levels by the choice of very small grid intervals. Numerical tests demonstrate that, upon reaching the true medium velocity, remigrated images of curved reflectors propagate to the correct depth and those of diffractions collapse to single points. The latter property points towards the method's potential for use as a tool for migration velocity analysis. A first application to inhomogeneous media shows that in a horizontally layered medium, the reflector images reach their true depth when the remigration velocity equals the inverse of the mean medium slowness.
Velocity modelling and prestack depth imaging below complex salt structures: a case history from on‐shore Germany
Authors: Oezsen R. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the advances in velocity model building and depth imaging have provided a better understanding of complex subsalt plays. The tomographic approach to subsurface velocity modelling, using interpretive processes, has led to significant progress in solving subsalt imaging problems, which were once considered to be impenetrable barriers. We show how gravity data, as an alternative data source, can be integrated into iterative velocity–depth model building to constrain the overburden velocity model and delineate the shape of the salt body above the target reflector. In this way, a structurally accurate image of subsalt reflectors is achieved.
Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis. I. Theory
Authors: Sava P. , Biondi B. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTWe present a migration velocity analysis (MVA) method based on wavefield extrapolation. Similarly to conventional MVA, our method aims at iteratively improving the quality of the migrated image, as measured by the flatness of angle‐domain common‐image gathers (ADCIGs) over the aperture‐angle axis. However, instead of inverting the depth errors measured in ADCIGs using ray‐based tomography, we invert ‘image perturbations’ using a linearized wave‐equation operator. This operator relates perturbations of the migrated image to perturbations of the migration velocity. We use prestack Stolt residual migration to define the image perturbations that maximize the focusing and flatness of ADCIGs.Our linearized operator relates slowness perturbations to image perturbations, based on a truncation of the Born scattering series to the first‐order term. To avoid divergence of the inversion procedure when the velocity perturbations are too large for Born linearization of the wave equation, we do not invert directly the image perturbations obtained by residual migration, but a linearized version of the image perturbations. The linearized image perturbations are computed by a linearized prestack residual migration operator applied to the background image. We use numerical examples to illustrate how the backprojection of the linearized image perturbations, i.e. the gradient of our objective function, is well behaved, even in cases when backprojection of the original image perturbations would mislead the inversion and take it in the wrong direction.We demonstrate with simple synthetic examples that our method converges even when the initial velocity model is far from correct. In a companion paper, we illustrate the full potential of our method for estimating velocity anomalies under complex salt bodies.
Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis. II. Subsalt imaging examples
Authors: Sava P. , Biondi B. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTSubsalt imaging is strongly dependent on the quality of the velocity model. However, rugose salt bodies complicate wavefield propagation and lead to subsalt multipathing, illumination gaps and shadow zones, which cannot be handled correctly by conventional traveltime‐based migration velocity analysis (MVA). We overcome these limitations by the wave‐equation MVA technique, introduced in a companion paper, and demonstrate the methodology on a realistic synthetic data set simulating a salt‐dome environment and a Gulf of Mexico data set. We model subsalt propagation using wave paths created by one‐way wavefield extrapolation. Those wave paths are much more accurate and robust than broadband rays, since they inherit the frequency dependence and multipathing of the underlying wavefield. We formulate an objective function for optimization in the image space by relating an image perturbation to a perturbation of the velocity model. The image perturbations are defined using linearized prestack residual migration, thus ensuring stability, relative to the first‐order Born approximation assumptions. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that wave‐equation MVA is an effective tool for subsalt velocity analysis, even when shadows and illumination gaps are present.
3D tomographic velocity model estimation with kinematic wavefield attributes
Authors: Duveneck E. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTA tomographic inversion method is presented that uses kinematic information in the form of zero‐offset traveltimes and kinematic wavefield attributes (first and second spatial traveltime derivatives) to determine smooth, laterally inhomogeneous 3D subsurface velocity models for depth imaging. The kinematic wavefield attributes can be extracted from the seismic prestack data by means of the common reflection surface (CRS) stack. The input for the tomography is then taken from the resulting attribute volumes at a number of pick locations in the CRS stacked zero‐offset volume. As a smooth model description based on B‐splines is used and reflection points are treated independently of each other, only locally coherent events in the stacked volume are required and very few picks are needed. Thus, picking is considerably simplified.During the iterative inversion process, the required forward‐modelled quantities are obtained by dynamic ray tracing along normal rays pertaining to the input data points. Fréchet derivatives for the tomographic matrix are calculated with ray perturbation theory. The inversion algorithm is demonstrated on a 3D synthetic data example, where the kinematic wavefield attributes have directly been obtained by forward modelling.
Changing professional practice in tuberculosis care: an educational intervention
Authors: Dick Judy , Lewin Simon , Rose Elizabeth , Zwarenstein Merrick , van der Walt Hester 
Published: November 2004

Aim.  This paper describes the development and implementation of an experiential, participatory in‐service education programme focusing on patient‐centeredness, problem‐solving and critical reflection for primary providers delivering care to tuberculosis patients in South Africa.Background.  Tuberculosis is a major contributor to the disease burden in developing countries. In South Africa, approximately 90% of tuberculosis patients are managed by nurses at the primary level. Despite efforts to improve quality of care for these patients, many fail to complete their treatment as prescribed. Poor rapport between health care providers and patients with tuberculosis is a major reason for non‐adherence to treatment. Methods of improving the quality of care delivery and communication between health care providers and patients with tuberculosis is therefore a priority.Discussion.  The paper outlines the stages of developing and implementing the education programme and reflects on this process. Data is drawn from an in‐depth qualitative evaluation of the delivery and impacts of the intervention. The approach was acceptable to health care providers and adaptable to the needs of specific clinics. Participants evaluated the educational intervention positively, noting that it facilitated critical reflection on their work; encouraged problem‐solving; and heightened their awareness of communication with patients and with colleagues. However, important structural barriers to practice change were identified, including conditions of service, relations with colleagues and support from management.Conclusions.  Experiential, participatory in‐service education can be implemented on a large scale in primary care settings. However, the process is resource intensive and the impacts of such education may be limited by barriers at other levels of the health system.
Chronic telogen effluvium or early androgenetic alopecia?
Authors: Sinclair Rodney 
Published: November 2004

A 16‐year‐old girl presented with a 12‐month history of generalized hair shedding from the scalp. The onset of shedding coincided with the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and iron deficiency. At the time of initial presentation, the Hashimoto's thyroiditis had been treated with Neo‐Mercazole and she was euthyroid. Her iron stores were low, with a ferritin level of 13 µg/L. As she was vegetarian, oral iron replacement therapy was commenced without further investigation. On follow‐up 6 months later, her iron stores were normal (ferritin, 36 µg/L), but the hair shedding had continued. On examination, there was a positive hair pull test from both the vertex of the scalp and the occipital scalp. There was mild bitemporal recession, but no widening of the central part, and she appeared to have a full, thick head of hair (Fig. 1). Additional investigations at that time revealed normal thyroid function and negative antinuclear antibody (ANA) and syphilis serology. She was on no medication other than Neo‐Mercazole. Serum testosterone, dihydroepiandosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were normal. Two 4‐mm punch biopsies were taken from the vertex of the scalp; one was sectioned horizontally and the other vertically. The vertical section was unremarkable. On the horizontal section, there were 32 hair follicles in total, 30 of which were terminal hairs and two of which were vellus hairs. One hair was in telogen. The ratio of terminal to vellus hairs was 15 : 1.Initial presentationimageA diagnosis of chronic telogen effluvium was made. The condition was explained to the patient and she was reassured that chronic telogen effluvium is not a progressive condition and does not lead to baldness. No treatment was recommended.At follow‐up 12 months later, the hair loss had obviously progressed and the patient was assessed as having Ludwig Stage 1 androgenetic alopecia with widening of the central part (Fig. 2). Repeat blood tests showed normal iron studies, thyroid function, and hormone parameters. Three 4‐mm punch biopsies were taken from the vertex of the scalp and all were sectioned horizontally. The terminal to vellus hair ratios were 1 : 1, 2.6 : 1, and 1.9 : 1. A diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia was made and she was commenced on oral spironolactone, 200 mg/day.Presentation after 12 monthsimage
Isolated hepatic tuberculosis in a transplanted liver
Authors: Alothman A. , Al Abdulkareem A. , Al Hemsi B. , Issa S. , Al Sarraj I. , Masoud F. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract: Background. The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing, especially in immunocompromised patients. It was reported that the overall incidence of TB in solid‐organ transplant recipients is 0.8%. Hepatic graft TB was reported once before in a child, who underwent living‐related hepatic graft transplantation.Case report. A 43‐year‐old man underwent orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT) in October 1999. His pre‐transplant work‐up was negative for TB (history and PPD skin test). He developed an episode of acute rejection which responded to steroids. He was discharged home on December 1999 with normal liver function tests (LFT). His LFT remained normal during January 2000, but his serum transaminases were found elevated on February 2000 (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] 206, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] 266). A liver biopsy then showed no evidence of TB or cytomegalovirus disease. The patient continued to have stable elevation of his serum AST and ALT until late March 2000 when a repeat liver biopsy showed caseating granuloma. The patient was started on anti‐TB medications, with which he was compliant. By mid‐May 2000 he was doing well, with significant reduction in his transaminase levels (AST 72, ALT 79). A retrospective inquiry about the donor revealed that he was a healthy young man from India, who died in a road traffic accident.Conclusion. To our knowledge our patient appears to be the first case reported of isolated hepatic TB in the OLT patient population. It is likely that the allograft was infected prior to transplantation and the disease was reactivated nearly 3 months after the procedure.
Sequential cytomegalovirus antigenemia monitoring in kidney transplant patients treated with antilymphocyte antibodies
Authors: Ozaki K.S. , Pestana J.O.M. , Granato C.F.H. , Pacheco‐Silva A. , Camargo L.F.A. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract: Background: Antilymphocyte antibodies (ALA) use is related to disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after kidney transplantation. Strict surveillance of CMV infection, preemptive antiviral treatment or concomitant ganciclovir and ALA use are proposed as an attempt to prevent related clinical complications. Our objective was to describe the pattern of CMV infection, based on sequential antigenemia detection, after ALA treatment.Patients and methods: Thirty renal transplant patients were prospectively screened for CMV infection after ALA treatment. CMV antigenemia (pp65 antigen detection) was monitored twice a week in the first month and weekly until 60 days after the beginning of ALA therapy. Any positive value of antigenemia was considered CMV infection.Results: Twenty‐eight (93.3%) patients were CMV positive (IgG) before transplantation. The mean duration of ALA treatment was 12.1±2.4 days. Positive antigenemia was detected in 24 (80%) patients, a mean of 52.5±15 days after transplant and 44.7±14 days after the beginning of ALA treatment. The median antigenemia count was 7 positive cells/300,000 neutrophils (range: 1–227). Antigenemia preceded clinical symptoms by 5.8 days (0–28 days). Eighteen (75%) of 24 positive patients received ganciclovir treatment: 8 patients (26.7%) for viral syndrome, 2 patients (33.3%) for invasive disease, and 8 patients (26.7%) as part of preemptive therapy, asymptomatic with high antigenemia values. Six pp65‐positive patients with low counts were followed up until a negative result and remained asymptomatic without any specific treatment.Conclusion: CMV infection was frequent after ALA treatment in this group and generally occurred late after completion of treatment. Antigenemia was a reliable tool to guide preemptive treatment in these patients, and such strategy is an alternative option compared to the prophylactic use of ganciclovir with ALA treatment.
Familial Occurrence of Bovine Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Denmark
Authors: Leifsson P. S. , Agerholm J. S. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryBovine dilated cardiomyopathy (BDCM) is a hereditary disease genetically related to the Canadian Holstein sire Montwick Red Apple Sovereign (MRAS). The occurrence of this disorder in the Red Danish Dairy breed, Holsteins, and Red Holsteins in Denmark is reported. Fourteen cases were diagnosed during a 13‐year period. All suffered from congestive heart failure because of progressive myocardial fibrosis. Pedigree information was available in 12 cases revealing both maternal and paternal relationship to MRAS. Several sires were identified as carriers of BDCM. These sires originated from breeding lines used to upgrade Danish cattle populations. The findings indicate that BDCM is a potential health problem for Danish cattle.
Two Cases of Spontaneous Pseudohermaphroditism in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Pasello‐Legrand F. , Mowat V. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryDisorders of genital development occur in all mammals. Hermaphroditism is a condition where the subject has genital organs of both sexes. True hermaphrodites have both ovarian and testicular tissue. Pseudohermaphrodites have only one type of gonadal tissue according to which they are classified as male or female pseudohermaphrodites. Two cases of spontaneously occurring pseudohermaphroditism in Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were seen here during 1999–2001. Both animals had female external genitalia, but each was found to have testicular tissue.
Obstructive, Granulomatous Tracheitis caused byOnchocercasp. in a Dog
Authors: Papaioannou N. , Psalla D. , Papadopoulos E. , Adamama‐Moraitou K. K. , Petanidis T. , Rallis T. , Vlemmas I. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryA 3‐year‐old spayed female dog was admitted with a history of episodes of dyspnoea and coughing. Severe tracheal stenosis was found on radiography. The dog died during an episode of refractory dyspnoea. Necropsy revealed an obstruction of the thoracic part of the trachea because of a chronic granulomatous inflammation protruding into the tracheal lumen. Histological examination revealed nematodes, which were identified asOnchocercasp. according to their morphological characteristics. In contrast to the common ocular manifestation in dogs, obstructive tracheitis caused byOnchocercainfection has not been reported before.
Neospora‐associated Abortion Episode over a 1‐Year Period in a Dairy Herd in North‐east Spain
Authors: López‐Gatius F. , López‐Béjar M. , Murugavel K. , Pabón M. , Ferrer D. , Almería S. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThis report describes a retrospective study based on serological screening, performed on aNeospora‐associated abortion episode over a 12‐month period in a dairy herd in north‐east Spain. During the 1‐year study period, the overall abortion rate for the herd was 23.2% (38 abortions of 164 diagnosed pregnancies). The data analysed were those derived from blood samples collected from the whole herd (n = 237) and from diagnosed pregnancies. Antibodies toNeospora caninumwere found in 35.4% of the cattle with 44% of seropositive pregnant animals aborting over 1‐year period. Based on the odds ratio, the risk of abortion was 12.2 times higher (P < 0.0001) in theNeospora‐seropositive animals than in seronegative animals and significantly higher during the second term of gestation (P < 0.01) than during the first and third terms. Abortions were not found to be associated with parity status or season of pregnancy, and the common risk factors associated with pregnancy loss in the geographical area of the study. Age‐related differences inN. caninumseroprevalence were not statistically significant, indicating vertical transmission as the main route of infection. Indeed, a high percentage of congenitally infected offspring was observed (90.6%) and the farm had been free of dogs for the last 7 years. Our results suggest that, when a dairy herd shows an increased incidence of abortions due to Neosporosis, maternal serology can be a good indicator of the abortion risk in individual cows, and that the effects of factors normally related to abortion, such as parity and pregnancy season, may be masked.