bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcome of patients with spinal cord injury: rehabilitation outcome study
Authors: Schönherr M C , Groothoff J W , Mulder G A , Eisma W H 
Published: May 2003

Objective: To increase our knowledge of neurological recovery and functional outcome of patients with spinal cord injuries in order to make more successful rehabilitation programmes based on realistic goals. Design: Descriptive analysis of data gathered in an information system. Setting: Rehabilitation centre in The Netherlands with special department for patients with spinal cord injuries. Subjects: Fifty-five patients with traumatic spinal cord lesions admitted to the rehabilitation centre from 1988 to 1994. Main outcome measures: The functional improvement was presented in terms of progress in independence in nine daily activity skills. Independence was rated on a four-point scale. Results: From admission to discharge, lesions in 100% of patients with tetraplegia and 96% of patients with paraplegia remained complete. Significant progress in independence was made in self-care, ambulation and bladder and bowel care. Differences were found in the extent of functional improvement between subgroups of patients with different levels and extent of lesion. Contrary to expectations based on theoretical models, patients with complete paraplegia did not achieve maximal independence in self-care. Independent walking was only attained by patients with incomplete lesions. Regarding outcome of bladder and bowel care, poor results were found, especially the independence in defaecation and toilet transfers. Conclusions: The results of this study provided more insight into the functional outcome of a group of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. More research is needed to evaluate the rehabilitation programmes for these patients.
Trunk kinematics in hemiplegic gait and the effect of walking aids
Authors: Tyson Sarah F 
Published: May 2003

Objective: To establish baseline measurements of trunk movements during hemiplegic gait, to assess the relationship between trunk movements and walking ability, and to investigate the effect of walking aids on the trunk movements. Method: Twenty subjects with a chronic hemiplegia from a stroke, who could walk independently, were recruited. Lateral and vertical movements of the pelvis, and symmetry of these movements were measured using CODA (a three-dimensional movement analysis system) as the subjects walked at their own pace without an aid. They were also tested as they walked with a stick and a tripod to assess the effect of different walking aids. Mean values for the trunk movements and symmetry were calculated, Pearson's correlations assessed the relationship between each trunk movement and gait velocity (a measure of overall walking ability), and the influence of the different aids was assessed using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Lateral displacement was large (mean = 9.9 cm, SD 3.9) and orientated to the sound side, vertical displacement was small (mean = 2.45 cm, SD 1.4). The movements showed marked asymmetry which favoured the hemiplegic side in that there was less movement of, or towards this side. There was a significant relationship (at 5% level) between walking ability and lateral movements (r= 0.6), but not vertical movements (r= 0.41). No significant differences were found with the different aids. Conclusion: These results give baseline values for trunk movements during hemiplegic gait and the relationship between the movements and walking ability. The use of walking aid and the type of walking aid did not affect the subjects' trunk movements or walking ability.
Repeatability of goniometer measurements of the knee in patients wearing an Ilizarov external fixator: a clinic-based study
Authors: Barker K L , Lamb S E , Burns M , Simpson A HRW 
Published: May 2003

Objective: To examine the intra-tester and inter-tester reliability of three different methods of measurement of knee range of motion in patients undergoing limb reconstruction with the Ilizarov external fixator. Design: Twenty-five patients had the passive range of motion of their knee measured by 13 physiotherapists who were experienced in the use of goniometry. The testers were assigned into random pairs, each tester measured three or four patients who were allocated to them using the three different methods. These were: (1) a universal goniometer aligned against anatomical landmarks, (2) a universal goniometer aligned against the Ilizarov frame and (3) a modified universal goniometer. Setting: Orthopaedic limb reconstruction outpatient clinics. Subjects: Twenty-five patients undergoing limb reconstruction using an Ilizarov external fixator on both the femur and tibia. Results: Comparison of the three different goniometry methods showed that using a modified goniometer there was enhanced reliability compared with other methods. This method demonstrated good repeatability for both intra-tester and inter-tester measurements. Conclusions: When serial measurements of knee range of motion are taken in patients wearing an Ilizarov external fixator the modified model of goniometer should be used.
Screening for mobility disorders by the Mobility Control subscale of the short version of the Sickness Impact Profile
Authors: Jannink-Nijlant J MM , Diederiks J PM , Brouwers M AH , Metsemakers J FM 
Published: May 2003

Objective: To test the usefulness of the Mobility Control subscale (MC scale) of the short version of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP68) as a simple self-administered questionnaire for screening mobility disorders in a population of independent living elderly. Design: The SIP68-MC scale was compared with the results of one functional test as independent criteria. Subjects and setting: A group of 81 people of 70 years and older was selected from a potential population of over 200 people. All were independent living elderly persons selected from a general practice. Interventions: The short version of the Sickness Impact Profile and questions about falling last year were applied. Three functional tests were carried out: walking 10 metres, get up and sit down in a chair five times and a test for standing balance. A trained observer rated all tests. Results: It is shown that the sensitivity of the MC scale (cut-off point: 1) with the total functional score is 91%, with a relative low specificity (59%). The relationship between the SIP-MC score and falling frequency is significant when there is a falling frequency equal to or more than two times a year. Conclusion: It is concluded that the MC scale is a useful test for screening mobility disorders in the elderly.
Effect of calcitonin on bone and connective tissue metabolism in hemiplegic patients: a two-year prospective study
Authors: Uebelhart Daniel , Hartmann Daniel J , Barbezat Sylva , Mermillod Bernadette , Chantraine Alex 
Published: May 2003

Objectives: To test the effects of 200 IU/day of a nasal spray of salmon calcitonin in modulating the increased bone tissue metabolism observed in hemiplegic patients. Design: A two-year, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients: Thirty-four patients with hemiplegia due to a cerebrovascular accident were included in the study during the first month after onset of hemiplegia after giving their informed consent. All patients followed a suitably planned course of active rehabilitation according to Bobath. They were randomly allocated to either the calcitonin or the placebo group but all of them received a daily oral calcium supplementation of 1000 mg. Results: Biochemical markers of bone formation, serum total alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and type I procollagen did not vary during the two years of follow-up. Cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, a biochemical marker of bone resorption, was elevated initially after stroke and then decreased significantly (p <0.001), stabilizing as of month 12. Urinary calcium/creatinine and total hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios presented with similar profiles. The serum levels of the type III procollagen, a marker of connective tissue metabolism, were also elevated upon entry and decreased thereafter. No significant difference could be found between the calcitonin-treated and the placebo group for any of the biochemical markers at any time point. Conclusion: This prospective study demonstrated that biochemical markers of bone and connective tissue metabolism were elevated shortly after the occurrence of stroke and then gradually decreased during the first two years after injury. The daily administration of 200 IU of intranasal calcitonin did not influence the levels of these markers.
Rivermead Mobility Index: a brief review of research to date
Authors: Forlander David A , Bohannon Richard W 
Published: May 2003

Objective: To determine the extent of use of the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) in published research and document findings relevant to the RMI in that research. Design: Literature search and document analysis. Results: Eight research articles in which the RMI was used were found. The RMI was described as reliable, correlated with other published scales, and responsive to changes over time. Conclusions: The RMI possesses characteristics desirable in a measurement scale. It warrants broader application.
Social reintegration after stroke: the first stages in the development of the Subjective Index of Physical and Social Outcome (SIPSO)
Authors: Trigg Richard , Wood Victorine A , Hewer Richard Langton 
Published: May 2003

Objective: To ensure at outset the content validity of a measure (to be developed) of social integration following stroke. Design: Qualitative study, using in-depth interviews with patients at least six months following stroke. Setting: Community setting, Bristol, UK. Subjects: Thirty survivors of stroke, discharged at least six months previously from a neurological rehabilitation unit in a district general hospital. Results: Patients reported a change, usually for the worse, in their levels of integration following stroke. More specifically they alluded to a decrease in both the quantity and quality of activities, especially with regard to leisure and those activities occurring outside the home. Social interaction was reduced in most patients, in terms of frequency and quality of contact. From the data, six dimensions of change in quality of interaction emerged. Finally, changes in patients' physical and financial environments were reported. Based on the findings, four diagrams were developed, providing a structure for questionnaire development. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the findings of previously reported research. An individual's level of social integration can be affected by stroke in a wide variety of areas and along many different dimensions. Data from this study have highlighted the importance of the patient's subjective impression of the quality of both functional and social performance. This has provided the opportunity to develop a questionnaire based on the patient's perspective, rather than that of health professionals.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Directly Stimulates Testosterone Production by the Fetal and Neonatal Mouse Testis
Authors: O’Shaughnessy P. J. , Fleming L. M. , Jackson G. , Hochgeschwender U. , Reed P. , Baker P. J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAdult Leydig cell steroidogenesis is dependent on LH but fetal Leydig cells can function independently of gonadotropin stimulation. To identify factors that may be involved in regulation of fetal Leydig cells expressed sequence tag libraries from fetal and adult testes were compared, and fetal-specific genes identified. The ACTH receptor [melanocortin type 2 receptor (Mc2r)] was identified within this fetal-specific group. Subsequent real-time PCR studies confirmed that Mc2r was expressed in the fetal testis at 100-fold higher levels than in the adult testis. Incubation of fetal or neonatal testes with ACTH in vitro stimulated testosterone production more than 10-fold, although ACTH had no effect on testes from animals aged 20 d or older. The steroidogenic response of fetal and neonatal testes to a maximally stimulating dose of human chorionic gonadotropin was similar to the response shown to ACTH. The ED50 for ACTH, measured in isolated fetal and neonatal testicular cells, was 5 × 10−10m and the lowest dose of ACTH eliciting a response was 2 × 10−11m. Circulating ACTH levels in fetal mice were around 8 × 10−11m. Neither α-MSH nor γ-MSH had any effect on androgen production in vitro at any age. Fetal testosterone levels were normal in mice that lack circulating ACTH (proopiomelanocortin-null) indicating that ACTH is not essential for fetal Leydig cell function. Results show that both LH and ACTH can regulate testicular steroidogenesis during fetal development in the mouse and suggest that fetal Leydig cells, but not adult Leydig cells, are sensitive to ACTH stimulation.
Kinetics of hydrolysis and alcoholysis of poly(methacryloyl chloride)
Authors: Połowiński St. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe kinetics of hydrolysis and alcoholysis of poly(methacryloyl chloride) (PMC) in homogeneous acetone‐water systems has been studied. First order rate constants and activation energies of the reaction were calculated. It was found that the rate constants of hydrolysis and alcoholysis of the side groups in PMC were considerably lower than those in low molecular weight compounds. Higher rate constants were also observed in the case of hydrolysis of poly(acryloyl chloride). The activation energies found were low, which in comparison with other results indicates the effect of polymer flexibility and diffusion processes on the reaction under investigation.
Zum Umsatz des Monomers Hexamethyldisiloxan in siliciumorganisches Schichtmaterial bei der Glimmpolymerisation
Authors: Schulz K.‐D. , Schmidt M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDurch Ausmessen der Profile der Schichtabscheidungsrate entlang der Wand durchströmter langer Entladungsrohre lassen sich deren Abhängigkeiten von den verschiedenen Parametern diskutieren. Speziell die Auswertung des Umsetzungsgrades liefert wichtige Aussagen zum Mechanismus der Glimmpolymerschichtbildung.
Mechanochemically initiated copolymerizations. 5. Characterization of some binary and ternary copolymers obtained mechanochemically by vibratory milling
Authors: Oprea C. V. , Popa M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractVibratory milling proved to be a method of mechanochemical initiation of some copolymerization reactions for binary and ternary systems of vinyl comonomers. Some physico‐chemical properties of the copolymers obtained by this method are presented. The structure of the reaction products was characterized by means of IR and ESR spectroscopy, vapourphase osmometry and elemental analysis.
Potentialuntersuchungen an Polyvinylacetat‐latices. II
Authors: Hergeth W.‐D. , Schmutzler K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDer Einfluß von Initiator‐ und Elektrolytkonzentration auf die Oberflächenladungsdichte von Polyvinylacetat‐Kolloiden wurde untersucht. Auf der Partikeloberfläche konnten nur Sulfatendgruppen nachgewiesen werden. Bei pH > 3 tritt keine spezifische Wasserstoffionenadsorption auf.
Kernspinrelaxationsuntersuchungen zum Einfluß von Verhakungen in Polyethylenschmelzen
Authors: Geschke D. , Pöschel K. , Eckhardt G. , Brauer E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAn langkettenverzweigten Polyethylenen niederer Dichte wird untersucht, welchen Einfluß frei bewegliche kleine bzw. bewegliche Teile großer Moleküle auf den Verlauf der transversalen Relaxationsfunktion der Polymerschmelze besitzen.
1H‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen zum Glykoleinbau in gesättigten und ungesättigten Polyestern
Authors: Herrmann D. , Kimmer W. , Sauer W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEine Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Polyglykolgehaltes in Polyestern aus 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopischen Daten wird beschrieben. Durch Einbeziehung der Säurezahl und der Molmasse können weitere Aussagen zum Kettenaufbau des Polyesters, wie Funktionalität, Verhältnis von Säure‐/Glykol‐Kettenenden und mittlere Anzahl Säureund Glykolbausteine im Polyester, gemacht werden.
Anti–GM1 IgG antibodies induce leukocyte effector functions via Fcγ receptors
Authors: van Sorge Nina M. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Geleijns Karin , van Strijp Jos A. , Jacobs Bart C. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Wokke John H. J. , van de Winkel Jan G. J. , Leusen Jeanette H. W. , van der Pol W‐Ludo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune‐mediated neuropathy, in which leukocytes and humoral components of the immune system proposedly initiate localized inflammation. An important pathogenic role for anti–GM1 ganglioside antibodies has been suggested. Therefore, we evaluated anti‐GM1 IgG antibody‐induced leukocyte effector functions such as degranulation and phagocytosis using serum of 24 GBS patients. Serum without anti‐GM1 antibodies of 9 GBS patients as well as pooled serum from healthy individuals served as controls. Ten out of 15 (67%) of anti‐GM1 IgG positive sera were capable of inducing leukocyte degranulation, and 8 out of 15 (53%) of anti‐GM1 IgG positive sera were capable of inducing phagocytosis of GM1‐coated beads. In all of these sera anti‐GM1 antibody titers were ≥1:800. No leukocyte degranulation or phagocytosis was observed in control sera. Leukocyte activation was completely abrogated in the presence of IgG receptor (FcγR) blocking antibodies, suggesting a crucial role for leukocyte FcγR in GBS pathogenesis. No correlation of antibody titers with the extent of leukocyte activation, or severity of disease was observed. These data document the capacity of anti‐GM1 IgG antibodies to activate leukocyte inflammatory functions, and suggest an important role for anti‐ganglioside IgG antibodies in the pathogenesis of GBS.
Diminished auditory mismatch fields in dyslexic adults
Authors: Renvall Hanna , Hari Riitta 
Published: April 2003

AbstractElectroencephalographic studies have demonstrated smaller auditory responses to infrequent deviances of speech and nonspeech sounds in dyslexic than normal‐reading subjects. We used a whole‐scalp neuromagnetometer to study selectively reactivity of the auditory cortices to sound deviances in 8 dyslexic and 11 normal‐reading adults. Within a monotonous sequence of 50‐millisecond 1,000Hz binaural tones, tones of 920 and 1,080Hz occurred with 7% probability each. Magnetic mismatch fields, elicited by the stimulus deviances, were diminished in the left hemisphere of the dyslexic subjects. The results indicate deficient change detection in the left auditory cortex of right‐handed dyslexic adults. Ann Neurol 2003
Parkin mutations and susceptibility alleles in late‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Oliveira Sofia A. , Scott William K. , Martin Eden R. , Nance Martha A. , Watts Ray L. , Hubble Jean P. , Koller William C. , Pahwa Rajesh , Stern Matthew B. , Hiner Bradley C. , Ondo William G. , Allen Fred H. , Scott Burton L. , Goetz Christopher G. , Small Gary W. , Mastaglia Frank , Stajich Jeffrey M. , Zhang Fengyu , Booze Michael W. , Winn Michelle P. , Middleton Lefkos T. , Haines Jonathan L. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Vance Jeffery M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractParkin, an E2‐dependent ubiquitin protein ligase, carries pathogenic mutations in patients with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, but its role in the late‐onset form of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not firmly established. Previously, we detected linkage of idiopathic PD to the region on chromosome 6 containing the Parkin gene (D6S305, logarithm of odds score, 5.47) in families with at least one subject with age at onset (AAO) younger than 40 years. Mutation analysis of the Parkin gene in the 174 multiplex families from the genomic screen and 133 additional PD families identified mutations in 18% of early‐onset and 2% of late‐onset families (5% of total families screened). The AAO of patients with Parkin mutations ranged from 12 to 71 years. Excluding exon 7 mutations, the mean AAO of patients with Parkin mutations was 31.5 years. However, mutations in exon 7, the first RING finger (Cys253Trp, Arg256Cys, Arg275Trp, and Asp280Asn) were observed primarily in heterozygous PD patients with a much later AAO (mean AAO, 49.2 years) but were not found in controls in this study or several previous reports (920 chromosomes). These findings suggest that mutations in Parkin contribute to the common form of PD and that heterozygous mutations, especially those lying in exon 7, act as susceptibility alleles for late‐onset form of Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2003
Markers of cellular proliferation are expressed in cortical tubers
Authors: Lee Allana , Maldonado Michelle , Baybis Marianna , Walsh Christopher A. , Scheithauer Bernd , Yeung Raymond , Parent Jack , Weiner Howard L. , Crino Peter B. 
Published: April 2003

Abstractp34cdc2, collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4), doublecortin (DCX), HuD, and NeuN expression was assessed in tuber (n = 16) and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA; n = 6) specimens in tuberous sclerosis complex to define the developmental phenotype and lineage of giant cells (CGs) in these lesions. Many GCs exhibited HuD and NeuN immunolabeling suggesting a differentiated neural phenotype. Giant cells in tubers, SEGAs and subependymal nodules in the Eker rat model of TSC expressed CRMP4 and DCX. Tubers and SEGAs exhibit a heterogeneous profile of differentiation and may share a common cellular lineage. Tubers may contain a subpopulation of newly generated cells. Ann Neurol 2003;53:668–673
New T2 lesions enable an earlier diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndromes
Authors: Dalton Catherine M. , Brex Peter A. , Miszkiel Katherine A. , Fernando Kryshani , MacManus David G. , Plant Gordon T. , Thompson Alan J. , Miller David H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn clinically isolated syndromes, the new McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis diagnosis require new gadolinium‐enhancing lesions for dissemination in time at a 3‐month follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging scan. In a cohort of 56 patients, these criteria were specific (95%) but less sensitive (58%) for clinically definite multiple sclerosis at 3 years. If new T2 lesions were allowed as an alternative for dissemination in time, sensitivity increased (74%) with maintained specificity (92%), enabling an accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in more patients. Ann Neurol 2003;53:673–676
Using a modified standard microscope to generate virtual slides
Authors: Romer David J. , Yearsley Kurtis H. , Ayers Leona W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA standard microscope was reconfigured as a virtual slide generator by adding a Prior Scientific H101 robotic stage with H29 controller and 0.1‐μm linear scales and a Hitachi HV‐C20 3CCD camera. Media Cybernetics Image Pro Plus version 4 (IP4) software controlled stage movement in the X‐, Y‐, and Z‐axis, whereas a Media Cybernetics Pro‐Series Capture Kit captured images at 640 × 480 pixels. Stage calibration, scanning algorithms, storage requirements, and viewing modes were standardized. IP4 was used to montage the captured images into a large virtual slide image that was subsequently saved in TIF or JPEG format. Virtual slides were viewed at the workstation using the IP4 viewer as well as Adobe Photoshop and Kodak Imaging. MGI Zoom Server delivered the virtual slides to the Internet, and MicroBrightField's Neuroinformatica viewing software provided a browser‐based virtual microscope interface together with labeling tools for annotating virtual slides. The images were served from a Windows 2000 platform with 2 GB RAM, 500 GB of disk storage, and a 1.0 GHz P4 processor. To conserve disk space on the image server, TIF files were converted to the FlashPix (FPX) file format using a compression ratio of 10:1. By using 4×, 10×, 20×, and 40× objectives, very large gigapixel images of tissue whole‐mounts and tissue arrays with high quality and morphologic detail are now being generated for teaching, publication, research, and morphometric analysis. Technical details and a demonstration of our system can be found on the Web at http://virtualmicroscope.osu.edu. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 272B:91–97, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.