bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohomology
Authors: Jonckheere Edmond A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We quickly browse through simplicial cohomology and spend more time on the de Rham cohomology, a cohomology based on cochain groups of differential forms together with the exterior differential acting as coboundary operator. This latter cohomology theory, which is very well suited to study manifolds and Lie groups, will be instrumental to study the homotopy properties of the Nyquist map from the uncertainty to the return difference matrix viewed as an element of the Lie group GL(n i, C).
Twisted Cartesian Product Of Uncertainties
Authors: Jonckheere Edmond A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In previous chapters, a central idea was the decomposition of the uncertainty space as a Cartesian product. This revealed quite a lot of structure: the prismatic decomposition of combinatorial topology, the equivalent Q-triangulation of operations research together with the extra insight provided by the underlying Hex board structure, the Eilenberg-Zilber theorem, and so on.
Homotopy Of Matrix Return Difference Map
Authors: Jonckheere Edmond A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider the Nyquist map that takes a combination of uncertain parameters to the corresponding matrix return difference I+ LΔ. This is motivated, in part, by the counterexamples of Section 2.2, pointing out some pitfall in the usual determinant criterion when the number of open-loop RHP poles varies.
Geometry Of Stability Boundary
Authors: Jonckheere Edmond A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter, we have derived bounds on the homology of the neutral stability region Xω in the D × Ω space. What still needs to be done is the elimination of ω in order to get bounds on the homology of the stabilty boundary X ⊆D in the physical parameters space. In Chapter 11, we developed a geometric-combinatorial approach based on the idea of projecting Xω on the first factor of D × Ω. Here, we approach the same problem from the real algebraic geometry point of view: We view the projection on the first factor of D × Ω as the so-called Tarski-Seidenberg elimination of the real variable ω among the polynomial equations describing Xω.
Affect Regulation and Psychopathology: Applications to Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Westen Drew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a number of areas of psychology, particular developmental, personality, and clinical, researchers have begun focusing on affect regulation (Aronoff, Stollak, & Woike, 1994; Eisenberg & Fabes, 1992; Fox, 1994; Garber & Dodge, 1991; Kobak, Cole, Ferenz-Gillies, & Fleming, 1993; Kopp, 1989; Mayer, Salovey, Gomberg-Kaufman, & Blainey, 1991; Thayer, 1989; Tile & Baumeister, 1993; Tronick, 1989). Much of this research has centered on the way infants and young children learn to regulate their emotions in the first 2 years of life. Researchers have focused comparatively less attention on affect regulation in adults and psychopathology. Psychoanalytic theorists have written extensively about defensive processes, and many researchers have studied coping responses, but neither have typically conceptualized these primarily as mechanisms of affect regulation (but see more recent work by Lazarus, 1991, 1992).
Cavitating Flows
Authors: Brennen Christopher E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We begin this discussion of cavitation in flows by describing the effect of the flow on a single cavitation “event.” This is the term used in referring to the processes that occur when a single cavitation nucleus is convected into a region of low pressure within the flow, grows explosively to macroscopic size, and collapses when it is convected back into a region of higher pressure. Pioneering observations of individual cavitation events were made by Knapp and his associates at the California Institute of Technology in the 1940s (see, for example, Knapp and Hollander 1948) using high-speed movie cameras capable of20,000 frames per second. Shortly thereafter Piesset (1948), Parkin (1952), and others began to model these observations of the growth and collapse of traveling cavitation bubbles using modifications of Rayleigh’s original equation of motion for a spherical bubble.
Marx and the Early Marxists
Authors: Crane George T , Amawi Abla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Karl Marx (1818-1883) was not primarily interested in international political economy. His greatest work examined the genesis and internal dynamics of the capitalist mode of production. He commented upon the expansion of capital internationally, especially British colonialism, but his thoughts on the subject were not rigorously integrated into his general theory of capital. Marx’s episodic writing on IPE centers on two themes: the dialectical interaction of international forces and the development of capitalism; and the consequences of the internationalization of capital.
Language Use and Conversation Management
Authors: Aries Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scholars have engaged in considerable debate over the past two decades about the extent to which gender differences exist in speech and about the meaning of those differences. It is important to note that in the English language no speech forms are used exclusively by members of one sex and not the other;1 men and women both use the same linguistic forms. Some have argued that there are consistent gender differences in the frequency with which certain speech forms are used. Others contend that stereotypes about gender differences in language far outweigh actual gender differences in speech. Controversy exists as to the meaning of the gender differences in language use that have been identified. A review of the research literature reveals the complexity of these issues and the problematic nature of many of the conclusions that have been drawn. Given the breadth of the issues that have been considered in regard to gender differences in language use, I have chosen to focus this chapter on language and will not consider paralinguistic features (e.g., pronunciation, pitch, intonation, loudness, grammatical form, hesitations in speech, laughing, and crying).
From Bernstein And Von Holst To Dynamic Systems
Authors: Goldfield Eugene C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Complexity. In this last decade of the twentieth century, scientists in many fields have sensed the inadequacy of the kind of linear, reductionist thinking that was introduced by Newtonian physics. The problem that has led to this dissatisfaction is how to describe and understand the order which emerges in complex systems of all kinds-physical, biological, psychological, social, and economic. New coalitions of scientists crossing disciplinary boundaries have begun to address complexity with new tools from mathematics and new insights from physics and biology (Gleick, 1989; Waldrop, 1992). In this chapter, I examine a similar evolution of ideas about complexity in attempts to understand how human nervous systems accomplish coordination in action systems. I do so by highlighting the work of Nikolai Bernstein and attempts by students of Bernstein to use ideas from dynamic systems to explain how behavioral order emerges from the interplay of multiple components.
Spontaneous Pattern Formation
Authors: Goldfield Eugene C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter and the one which follows, I present background for a theory of the development of action systems based upon two processes: assembly, the spontaneous formation of pattern, and tuning, the means for transforming these patterns into specialized forms adapted to local resources. This chapter focuses on the former. The theme of spontaneous pattern formation is applied to the work of Gibson and Bernstein by emphasizing the ways in which each addresses how nature has capitalized on physical law in building complex biological systems for perceiving and acting. Gibson, for example, showed how the sensory organs evolved to detect patterned energy fields (see Chapter 3), while Bernstein demonstrated that mammalian nervous systems evolved a style of control of action which harnesses reactive and other forces generated during motion of the articulators with respect to a support surface (see Chapter 2). Here, I turn more generally to the question of how evolving biological systems may have capitalized on physical law by discussing two aspects of pattern formation: resettable clocks and morphogenesis. I then make the claim that perception-action systems, specialized biological systems, both act like resettable clocks and exhibit morphogenesis.
Basic Orienting
Authors: Goldfield Eugene C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Orienting as a foundation. Gibson (1966) recognized that orientation was the foundation upon which all perceiving and acting rests. He distinguished relatively permanent orientation to the earth (gravity and the support surface), temporary orientations to events and objects being attended to, oriented locomotion (ranging from simple tropisms to homing and migration), and geographical orientation (see Fig. 8.1). Reed (1982) bases his outline of a theory of action systems on this idea, and in this chapter, I consider the ontogeny of basic orienting, and the function of basic orienting for the ontogeny of other action systems. Moreover, I make the claim here that the types of orientation distinguished by Gibson have an ontogenetic course that is based upon transitions to new habitats (see Table 8.1).
Eating And Drinking
Authors: Goldfield Eugene C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Issues. In his paper for the First Symposium on Oral Sensation and Perception, James Bosma identifies a central issue to be addressed in this chapter: how does infant appetitive behavior develop in the context of the other functions served by the oral articulators? Like another effector organ of the body, the hand, the mouth may be used for multiple functions or “effectivities” (see Table 9.1): a detector (of what is in the mouth), sucker, explorer, chewer, biter, and speaker. In this chapter, I will make the claim that the multiple functions of the oral articulators may emerge from activation influences on attractor dynamics (Saltzman & Munhall, 1989).
Locomotion
Authors: Goldfield Eugene C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mature step cycle of human walking emerges from an intimate link between stance and transport. We see in the earliest spontaneous movements of the legs in the fetus and newborn that there is inherent temporal order (Provine, 1988; Robertson, 1988). Yet, a complete account of locomotor development must also consider how these early spontaneous patterns become nested within the postural matrix of the basic orienting system. The “milestones” of locomotor development, recognized even in the ancient riddle of the Sphinx, all involve changing orientations of the body to the surface of support under the influence of a gravitational field: crawling on all fours, standing with support, standing unassisted, and walking.
The Expressive Action System
Authors: Goldfield Eugene C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of expressive acts has a long history deeply embedded in biological theories concerned with affect and the emotions, such as evolution and psychoanalysis (Izard, 1977). These views tend to treat expressive acts as an innately endowed means for communicating affective states. For example, in the first epigraph above, Charles Darwin wasted little time in observing his newborn son in order to seek evidence for a theory of the natural origins of emotions. Darwin believed that emotional expressions were widespread in the animal kingdom and innate in humans because they served the communicative function of specifying internal states to others, which has significant adaptive value (Zajonc, 1985; Zajonc, Murphy, & Inglehart, 1989). More recently, a distinction has been made between the social-regulatory and communicative functions of expression (Charlesworth, 1982). People smile for different reasons-when they are happy or pleased or when they wish to express their pleasure to others. The study of the communicative function, e.g., what the smile signifies to others, is typically the domain of psychologists. By contrast, observing and describing the social conditions under which smiling occurs and the immediate effect on the observer is of greater interest to ethologists (Charlesworth, 1982).
Application of Anonymous Nuclear Loci to Conservation Biology
Authors: Karl Stephen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A primary goal of many conservation programs is to determine the degree of genetic variation that exists in populations. By assessing genetic variation, conservation managers are able to estimate the degree of inbreeding in the population, determine the effective population size, identify individuals, identify populations, determine limits to species distinction, and monitor interspecific hybridization. There are currently many ways to assess genetic variation in natural populations, several of which are covered in this text. Historically, behavioral and morphological variation served as surrogates of genetic variation. More recently, techniques such as starch gel electrophoresis of soluble proteins (isozymes), mitochondrial and nuclear DNA restriction fragment analyses, DNA fingerprinting and mini- and microsatellite analyses have supplemented and greatly enhanced this endeavor. This chapter outlines the methodology and application of one of these approaches: the elucidation of DNA sequence variation in arbitrarily chosen, anonymous, single-copy nuclear DNA (ascnDNA) loci.
some Applications of Spherics
Authors: Evans James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our knowledge of the scientific and technological activity of the ancients is based mostly on the written testimony of the ancients themselves. The physical (as opposed to textual) evidence for the scientific activity of the Greeks is meager, for delicate scientific instruments tend not to survive. Objects preserved from antiquity tend to be made of relatively indestructible stuff: building stone, ceramics, marble statuary. Thus, it should come as no surprise that the corpus of some 250 Greek and Roman sundials, found at sites all over the Mediterranean, constitutes the great bulk of the physical evidence for the place of astronomy in classical civilization.1
The Psychic Unity Muddle
Authors: Bruner Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a book about anthropology’s oldest and most vexing question: the psychic unity of humankind. George Stocking has characterized this commitment to psycho­ logical universalism as “the major premise of the comparative method of ethnology” and the cornerstone of “The Enlightenment view of man” (Stocking, 1968:115). Grounded in eighteenth-century notions of rationality as a defining characteristic of the human species, the psychic unity doctrine has appealed to social Darwinists and cultural relativists alike.
Despite its status as the theoretical and moral bedrock of modem anthropology, the idea of psychic unity has always had an uncomfortable relationship with the idea of culture as a key element in human life. The philosophical commitments of Enlightenment anthropology have had an uneasy relationship with the empirical evidence of human diversity—evidence amassed by generations of travelers, missionaries, and professional ethnologists. Yet along with psychic unity, cultural anthropology has adopted cultural diversity as its defining issue. Anthropologists have typically defended cultural difference as a defining human characteristic while repeatedly affirming their faith in humankind’s psychic unity, usually without noting the apparent tensions between these two views.
Dreamtime Learning, Outside-In: Murngin Age-Grading Rites
Authors: Bruner Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The case for culture in mind rests on an understanding of how public models—what I call instituted models—are internalized by members of a community and born again as mental models—the cultural dimensions of personal experience. The study of cultural learning was pioneered by Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson. In New Guinea and in Bali, they used photography to document the cultural messages embedded in the culturally patterned behavior between caretakers and children. This “cultural communication” was assumed to shape the children’s perception of fundamental aspects of experience (Bateson and Mead, 1942). Mead and Bateson studied what they called “Balinese character” outside-in. Their primary data were not psychometric tests, life histories, or psychodynamic interviews but rather photos of a large number of standardized behavioral patterns that were assumed to model for children basic orientations to the world.
Making People Jumpy Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn Create a Hyperstartler
Authors: Simons Ronald C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People often become hyperstartlers as a result of being startled repetitively and frequently. The fact that this is so is an interactional resource, a bit of neurophysiology that can be exploited socially and culturally in a great number of ways. This chapter analyzes one use of this resource: the story of how and why Aunt Sally Phelps, a character in Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, was turned into a hyperstartler. Being fictional, the account is a cultural artifact-both in the usual sense of the word “cultural” (it is part of a work of literature), and also in the anthropological sense (shared symbolic, meaning-laden material).
The Startle Museum I: Exhibits of Startle Sorted by Their Expository Uses
Authors: Simons Ronald C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the passage from Huckleberry Finn discussed in Chapter 3, Mark Twain used his understanding of the startle reflex to further an intricate bit of plot development. This chapter and the next examine a collection of similar literary, expository, and artistic uses of the startle reflex, sorted and classified systematically. They present and discuss examples of the ways in which creative persons have described or shown someone or some thing being startled or have used the word “startle” or any of its variants.
The Startle Museum II: Exhibits of Startle Sorted by Properties of Startle Events
Authors: Simons Ronald C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In my lap is a book titled Startling Experiences, published in the early 1900s. Its cover is an intense red, and the words “Startling” and “Experiences” are in flamboyant gold letters, outlined in black. The book’s title page reveals that its subject is rather more narrow than the title implies; it’s really “Startling Experiences in Three Wars.”The title page also tells the potential reader that “all the thrilling stories of the three wars” consist of “exciting stories of bravery;’ “wonderful descriptions of battles;’ and “startling personal experiences.”
Game Theory and Predator–Prey Response Races
Authors: Sih Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A key issue in ecology is the study of animal habitat or patch use. Why are animals where they are? Why do they go where they go? In the past three decades, behavioral ecologists have focused on the effects of foraging, competition, and predation risk on habitat use. Optimality theory and its cousin, game theory, have provided conceptual frameworks guiding work in this field (Stephens&Krebs 1986, Mangel&Clark 1988, Milinski&Parker 1991; Brown, this volume).
In the absence of predation risk, individual foragers often show patch use pat terns that are consistent with the goal of maximizing rates of net energy intake (Stephens&Krebs 1986; Brown, this volume). In the absence of competition, energy maximizing behaviors can be assessed without considering strategies shown by other foragers. Competition and predation risk, however, clearly influence patterns of patch use. Because the presence of competitors generally causes a reduction in individual feeding rates (Hassell 1978, Schoener 1983), the value of a given patch for an individual forager depends on the patch use of its competitors. When the value of each behavioral option (here, time spent foraging in each patch) depends on decisions made by other individuals, the appropriate conceptual framework is game theory (Maynard Smith 1982). Ideal free distribution (IFD) theory uses game theory to predict patch use patterns in a world with competition for resources (Fretwell 1972, Milinski&Parker 1991, Kacelnik et al. 1992).
Petrov’s Canonical Forms for the Weyl Tensor and Another Approach to the Kerr Metric
Authors: Snygg John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In seeking out solutions for Einstein’s field equations for empty space, one can save considerable labor by imposing symmetry conditions on the Riemann tensor. These conditions are particularly useful if they also guarantee that the Ricci tensor is zero. Aleksei Zinoveivich Petrov (1954, 1969) devised a classification scheme that divides all Riemann tensors into six classes.
Natural hybridization: Frequency
Authors: Arnold Michael L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As discussed in Chapter ], numerous investigators have used natural hybridiza tion as a tool for studying phenomena that may cause population divergence and speciation (i.e., the formation of ban-iers to reproduction; Barton and Charlesworth, 1984; Coyne and Barton, 1988; Hewitt, 1988; Barton and Hewitt, 1989). Such analyses have been used to calculate the minimum number of genes that contribute to reproductive barriers (e.g., Szymura and Batton, 1986). Furthermore, the genetic structure of hybrid zones, as measured by levels of genetic disequilibria, is viewed as an estimator of the intensity of selection against recombination between differently co-adapted genomes (Barton, 1983, 1986); selection is proportional to the number of genetic differences between the hybridizing taxa (Barton and Charlesworth, 1984). Finally, hybrid zones have been used to examine the theoretical and conceptual basis of Wright’s shifting balance model (Mallet and Barton, 1989; Rouhani and Barton, 1987).
Numerical Investigations
Authors: Censor Yair , Zenios Stavros A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Failures must be considered the cue for further application of effort and concentration of will power. And if substantial efforts have already been made, the failures are all the more joyous. It means that our crowbar has struck the iron box containing the treasure. Overcoming the increased difficulties is all the more valuable because in failure the growth of the person performing the task takes place in proportion to the difficulty encountered. Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, The First Circle, 1968 In the first chapter of this book we argued that parallel processing can improve by several orders of magnitude the speed with which calculations are executed on a computer. Such improvements have a significant impact on various areas of application, and it is these anticipated improvements that largely motivate the investigations into methods of parallel optimization. Throughout the book we developed feasibility and optimization algorithms that are suitable for implementation on parallel machines; we described large-scale applications that are solved with these algorithms, and discussed different modes of parallel implementations. To what extent can the goal of solving large-scale applications be achieved with parallel processing? In this chapter we answer this question by reporting computational results with the parallel solution of several of the applications discussed earlier.