bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implication of telomere length as a proliferation‐associated marker in schwannomas
Authors: Chen Han‐Jung , Cho Chung‐Lung , Liang Cheng‐Loong , Lu Kang , Lin Jui‐Wei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSome schwannomas in the central nervous system may demonstrate relatively aggressive behavior in pathological findings and clinical course. We evaluate the diagnostic values of telomerase activity and telomere length in the clinicopathological behavior of schwannomas.MethodsThirty surgical specimens from intracranial and intraspinal schwannomas were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for telomerase activity and terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) using Southern blot for telomere length. Proliferative indices were also studied.ResultsTelomerase activity could not be detected in all schwannomas. Elongated telomere length (mean 17,101 ± 259 bp) was found in four specimens (13.3%). Three of these four were found to have mitotic figures, high vascularity, cellularity, and pleomorphism in the pathological findings. The proliferative indices (35) showed correlative high values. One patient died of this disease, and one was found to have recurrence at follow‐up evaluation. Those that displayed benign histopathological pictures showed relatively short telomere length (8,866 ± 271 base pairs) and low proliferative indices (21). These is a significant difference between these two groups (P = 0.001).ConclusionsElongation of telomere length in schwannomas appears to predict aggressive clinicopathological behavior. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;81:93–100. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The possibility of dowel removal by pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation
Authors: Takashina Masaaki , Ebihara Arata , Sunakawa Mitsuhiro , Anjo Tomoo , Takeda Atsushi , Suda Hideaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNd:YAG laser is one of the popularly used laser, in dentistry for treatment and technologic processing. Removal of dowel from root canal is very troublesome at endodontic retreatment. This study aimed to examine the possibility and efficiency of dowel removal from the root canal using the Nd:YAG laser in vitro.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIrradiation time and energies required for complete removal of the dowel set in the root canal using the laser were measured. The dowel ablation was observed by contact microradiographs (CMRs). The surface of the root canal after lasing was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultsA significant difference existed in irradiation times and energies to remove dowels among various combinations of metal and cement (P < 0.05). The CMRs showed that both dowel and dentin were ablated, and the SEM observation demonstrated that root canal surface was melted.ConclusionsThe Nd:YAG laser irradiation could remove set dowels from the root canal. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:268–274, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations of the retinoblastoma‐related gene RB2/p130 in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N‐nitrosobis(2‐hydroxypropyl)amine in rats
Authors: Tsujiuchi Toshifumi , Sasaki Yasutaka , Konishi Yoichi , Tsutsumi Masahiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlteration of the retinoblastoma‐related gene RB2/p130 was investigated in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N‐nitrosobis(2‐hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) in male Wistar rats. At 6 wk of age, 21 animals were given 2000 ppm of BHP in their drinking water for 12 wk and then maintained without further treatment until they were killed at the end of week 25. A total of 21 lung adenocarcinomas were obtained, and total RNAs were extracted from each for mutation analysis of RB2/p130 by the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction–single‐strand comformation polymorphism approach. No mutations were found in exons 19–22. However, examination of the expression of the RB2/p130 gene by Northern blot analysis showed mRNA levels to be significantly lower than those of normal lung tissues. Western blot analysis showed reduction of the pRb2/p130 protein in all of the adenocarcinomas examined. These results suggest that alteration of the RB2/p130 gene may play important roles in the development of lung adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The hyperkinetic abnormal movements scale: A tool for measuring levodopa‐induced abnormal movements in squirrel monkeys
Authors: Tan Louis C. , Protell Peter H. , Langston J. William , Togasaki Daniel M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Hyperkinetic Abnormal Movements Scale (HAMS) was developed based on extensive observation of normal and abnormal movements in squirrel monkeys. The observations of abnormal movements were performed using animals that had undergone prior lesioning with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) that subsequently developed levodopa‐induced abnormal movements. Specific and easily observable changes in behavior were used to delineate the boundaries between each rating level of the scale. The full spectrum of abnormal behavior at each rating level was then characterized for the squirrel monkey. Once the scale was fully developed and finalized, reliability testing revealed strong inter‐rater (r = 0.959) and intrarater reliability (r = 0.930 to 0.941). Novice raters were easily taught its use and subsequently could use the scale with strong inter‐rater reliability (R = 0.9057). In further studies of levodopa‐induced abnormal movements, the HAMS was demonstrated to be highly sensitive, highly specific, and valid, both internally and when compared with an objective measure of abnormal movements. Although the scale was developed in MPTP‐lesioned squirrel monkeys treated with levodopa, it might provide a framework for the standardized measurement of hyperkinetic abnormal movements in other primates and other experimental conditions. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Quasi‐static analysis of microstriplines with variable‐thickness substrates considering finite metallization thickness
Authors: Khoulji S. , Essaaidi M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis Letter presents an extension of the method of lines (MOL) to the analysis of microstriplines with variable‐thickness substrates with the use of the quasi‐static approximation. Discretization lines of varying length, according to the layer thickness, are used. Only Laplace wave equation have to be solved. The numerical results presented here permit illustration of the effect of arbitrary curved interfaces on the considered structures. As an example, the characteristic impedance, the capacitance PUL, the inductance PUL, and the effective dielectric constant are computed as a function of different shape characteristics of these microstripline structures. The effect of metallization thickness is also included in the analysis. The results show good agreement with data available in the literature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 19–22, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10218
Coupling reduction between slanted shipboard antennas
Authors: Lee Sung‐Shin , Park Hae‐Sung , Bang Jin‐Gyu , Kim Hyo‐Tae 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, mitigation techniques for antenna coupling levels are introduced. Each antenna is slanted for the polarization mismatch. This reduces the coupling level between co‐frequency band antennas. Antenna radiation patterns are also considered as a parameter of antenna performances. In all, 30 antenna arrangements are analyzed. Each arrangement gives its coupling level and radiation pattern. With these parameters, one can be determine which arrangement is better from electromagnetic compatibility point of view. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 37–40, 2002
Measured equation of invariance based on wavelet transform technique
Authors: Lee Byungje , Harackiewicz Frances J. , Lee Jong‐Chul , Kim Jong‐Heon , Kim Nam‐Young 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWavelets have been applied in conjunction with the measured equation of invariance (MEI) to solve a two‐dimensional scattering problem. The MEI method with wavelet metrons is referred to as the wavelet MEI method. Haar wavelets are used as metrons. The proposed method leads to a significant savings in CPU time compared to the standard MEI method that does not use wavelets as metrons. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 47–49, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10227
High performance double‐sided microstrip PBG filter
Authors: Akalin T. , Laso M. A. G. , Delos E. , Lopetegi T. , Vanbésien O. , Sorolla M. , Lippens D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMicrowave filters in microstrip technology have been designed by taking advantage of metal patterning of the front and back‐side planes. It is shown that such an approach with drilled holes in the ground plane for the high impedance sections permits one to alleviate some of the drawbacks associated with uniplanar impedance modulated filters with high geometric aspect ratios. Prototypes for the S and C‐bands were fabricated by conventional low‐cost printed circuit techniques and show improved performances in terms of rejection and bandwidth. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 90–93, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10525
Analysis of electromagnetic scattering from periodic structures by FEM truncated by anisotropic PML boundary condition
Authors: Cui Suomin , Weile Daniel S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA method is presented for modeling open periodic structures by using the finite element method truncated by an anisotropic perfectly matched layer (PML). The method can be used to simulate periodic structures with inhomogeneous profile and arbitrary geometries. The PML is shown to be an effective method for mesh termination, even in the presence the grazing and evanescent fields generated by periodic structures. Numerical analysis is conducted for validation and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 106–110, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10530
A simple method for the determination of noise coefficients P, R, and C by two port noise parameters
Authors: Chen Ping‐Yu , Lu Shey‐Shi , Wang Huei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a simple method for the determination of noise coefficients P, R, and C by standard two‐port noise parameters, Fmin, RN and Γopt is presented. The relation between equivalent noise resistance RN and equivalent noise conductance gn has been derived, which greatly simplifies the extraction procedure. This method has been applied to the extraction of Kg/Kc/Kr and P/R/C from 0.15 μm InGaAs PHEMT's with three different sizes at two different biases. Excellent agreement between measured and calculated noise parameters has been found. The tendency of the extracted values with respect to device size and bias is also discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 129–132, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10536
Experimental analysis of temporal variations in indoor radio channels at 1.8 GHz
Authors: Loredo Susana , Torres Rafael P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a measurement campaign carried out with the aim of analysing the impact of people movement and activities on the indoor radio propagation channel at the frequency of 1.8 GHz. For that, the temporal variations of the channel between fixed terminals are measured in several propagation environments, in which usually different degrees of activity take place, allowing the definition of different canonical environments. From the measured data, the figures and statistical parameters that characterise each of the environments under study are extracted and analysed, in order to be able to associate the results obtained with the density of motion and extrapolate that information to other similar environments. The results can be useful for the design of new systems such as WPANs and for the development of a model that considers both the effects of spatial and temporal variations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 132–137, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10537
Analytical method to compute metallic photonic band‐gap radar cross section
Authors: Collardey S. , Pouliguen P. , Mahdjoubi K. , Desclos L. , Tarot A.‐C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe electromagnetic scattering by Metallic Photonic Band‐Gap materials, composed of cylindrical wires, is considered. A fast and accurate analytical method is proposed to compute the radar cross section of such structures with or without defects. Results are given and compared with success to those of numerical methods. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 145–150, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10542
Application of preconditioned Krylov subspace iterative FFT techniques to method of lines for analysis of the infinite plane metallic grating
Authors: Chen R. S. , Yung Edward K. N. , Yang A. H. , Chan C. H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, both fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and preconditioned iterative solvers are introduced into method of lines (MOL) to further enhance the computational efficiency of this semi‐analytic method. Electromagnetic wave scattering by an infinite plane metallic grating is used as the examples to describe its implementation. For arbitrary incident wave, Helmholz equation and boundary condition are first transformed into new ones so that the impedance matrix elements is calculated by FFT technique. As a result, this Topelitz impedance matrix only requires O(N) memory storage for the Krylov subspace iterative‐FFT method to solve the current distribution involving the computational complexity O(N log N). The banded diagonal impedance matrix is selected as preconditioner to speed up the convergence rate of the Krylov subspace iterative algorithms. Our numerical results show that the preconditioned Krylov subspace iterative‐FFT method converges to accurate solution in much smaller CPU time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 160–167, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10546
Determination of dielectric constant and loss‐tangent of substrate sheet using microstrip patch resonator
Authors: Verma A. K. , Nasimuddin  
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a new microstrip rectangular patch resonator based method to determine the dielectric constant and the loss tangent of a dielectric material in sheet form. Using an improved form of the cavity model, called the modified Wolff model (MWM), the present method extracts these two parameters from the measured resonance frequency and Q‐factor. The MWM takes care of all kind of losses in the patch, resulting in accurate determination of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the substrate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 175–179, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10549
Efficient moment method solution for a shielded two arc type wires transmission line
Authors: Diveker E. , Levi S. , Matzner H. , Nissan H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA transmission line based on two thin arc shaped conductors shielded by a circular conductor is solved efficiently by the moment method (MM). It is shown that two expansion functions are enough for an excellent convergence rate of the characteristic impedance. Design curves are given. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 195–198, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10555
Beamforming strategies for compact arrays in mobile terminals using the exact active element pattern method
Authors: Rogier Hendrik , De Zutter Daniël 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSome beamforming strategies are presented for compact arrays in wireless systems. To rigorously account for mutual coupling, we rely on the exact active element pattern method. By considering a compact and low‐cost array operating in the HiperLAN band, it is shown that the proposed method allows null steering and beam steering. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 201–203, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10557
Reconstruction of non‐minimum phase function from only amplitude data
Authors: Koh Jinhwan , Cho Young‐ki , Sarkar Tapan K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA procedure for a non‐minimum‐phase reconstruction from magnitude data alone is presented. A non‐minimum‐phase component is recovered, based on the fact that the auto‐correlation of the time domain sequence is equal to a discrete cosine transformation of the square of the magnitude response. An all‐pass filter is also utilized in order to reduce the optimization variables. Since a non‐minimum‐phase reconstruction does not have a unique solution, a causal time‐domain response is selected along with the smallest poles in magnitude. This theory is applied to antenna pattern synthesis and scattering parameters of microwave filters to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 212–216, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10560
PIFA‐monopole internal mobile phone antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS triple‐band operations
Authors: Yeh Shih‐Huang , Fang Chi‐Yin , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel internal mobile phone antenna comprising a planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) and a low‐profile planar monopole, which are designed, respectively, for covering the DCS/PCS and GSM bands, is proposed in this paper. The PIFA and the planar monopole together occupy a compact volume of 6.8 × 7.0 × 34 mm3, and are suitable to be built‐in within the housing of a mobile phone. In addition, both the PIFA and the planar monopole have simple structures, which makes the proposed antenna easy to design and implement with a relaxed fabrication tolerance. A prototype of the proposed antenna was constructed and experimentally studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 217–219, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10561
Hybrid mode analysis of microstrip lines by the method of lines with pseudospectral discretization
Authors: Chen R. S. , Fan Z. H. , Yung Edward K. N. , Chan C. H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the method of lines (MoLs), which has been proved to be very efficient for calculating the characteristics of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional planar microwave structures, is extended to nonequidistant discretization with pseudospectral technique. This pseudospectral MoLs is developed by combining pseudospectral technique and the MoLs, so that its solution is not only analytical along line direction, but also maintains high accuracy in discrete direction. A pseudospectral‐based discretization strategy, distribution of collocation nodes, global power series interpolation of differential quadrature, second‐order difference matrix, and decoupling of coupled ordinary differential equations are discussed in detail. The convergence behaviors are provided for line discretization, based on both the pseudospectral strategy and the second‐order finite difference (FD), respectively. The calculated results are compared with those published in the previous literature and our numerical results show that accuracy is improved with reduced computational effort for the analysis of microstrip lines. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 224–227, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10563
Isoquinoline alkaloids: a 15N NMR and x‐ray study. Part 2
Authors: Marek Radek , Marek Jaromír , Dostál Jiří , Táborská Eva , Slavík Jiří , Dommisse Roger 
Published: October 2002

AbstractContinuing our systematic 15N NMR study of isoquinoline alkaloids, we report a contribution extending our previous paper. The 15N NMR chemical shifts and 15N,1H long‐range coupling pathways of tertiary and quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids of several constitutional types are presented. The selected compounds belong to the protoberberine, proaporphine, pavinane, rhoeadine and phtalideisoquinoline classes of alkaloids and were investigated by gradient‐selected inverse‐detected multiple bond correlation experiments (GHMBC and GSQMBC). In addition, x‐ray data and the principal geometric parameters of stylopine, mecambridine, norchelerythrine, isothebaine and mecambrine are reported and discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds by 2D NMR
Authors: Koskela H. , Väänänen T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractQuantitative analysis of complex mixtures by NMR is often hampered by heavily overlapping signals in 1D 1H or 13C spectra. To resolve the overlap problem, we have been looking at the possibilities of using heteronuclear correlated 2D NMR methods for quantification. In this work, we applied 2D INEPT to analyze mixtures of tetradecane and squalane, which represent typical substructures of lube oil fractions. The factors affecting correlation peak volumes, namely the polarization transfer delays within pulse sequence, multiplicity of CHn group and the magnitude of 1J(C, H) couplings were taken into account by product operator formalism calculations. The results indicate that if absolute precision in quantification is not essential, the current approach can be used for the quantitative analysis of the molecular composition of complex mixtures when conventional 1D NMR methods fail. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulation of the murine type II transforming growth factor‐β receptor promoter by the transcription factor Egr‐1
Authors: Wilder Phillip J. , Bernadt Cory T. , Kim Jae‐Hwan , Rizzino Angie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells leads to the appearance of high affinity receptors for transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). Subsequently, it was demonstrated that differentiation of F9 EC cells leads to increases in the transcription of the type II TGF‐β‐receptor gene (TβR‐II) and leads to significant increases in the steady‐state levels of TβR‐II mRNA. Analysis of the human TβR‐II promoter in F9‐differentiated cells identified several cis‐regulatory elements that influence the activity of the promoter, including a CRE/ATF site and a CCAAT box motif. In the work described in this report, we focused on the effect of the transcription factor Egr‐1 on the murine TβR‐II promoter. We have identified an Egr‐1 response‐element ∼150 bp upstream of the major transcription start site of the murine TβR‐II gene. We demonstrate by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) that this cis‐regulatory element binds Egr‐1, and we demonstrate that disruption of this site eliminates the response to Egr‐1. As part of this analysis, we also examined the effect of Egr‐1 on human TβR‐II promoter. In contrast to a previous report, which reported that Egr‐1 inhibits expression of human TβR‐II promoter/reporter gene constructs, we did not observe an inhibitory effect of Egr‐1 that was specific for the human TβR‐II promoter. Taken together, the findings described in this report identify important differences between the human and the murine TβR‐II promoter, and our findings identify an Egr‐1 cis‐regulatory element that is capable of stimulating the activity of the murine TβR‐II promoter. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 282–290, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.