bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of basidiomycete fungi
Authors: Walser Piers J , Hollenstein Marcel , Klaus, Michaela J , Kües Ursula 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basidiomycetous fungi are divided into two main groups, the heterobasidiomycetes and the homobasidiomycetes. For the most part, genetic studies of heterobasidiomycetes have been restricted to Ustilago maydis, Microbotryum violaceae, and other smut fungi, while Coprinus cinereus and Schizophyllum commune have served as model organisms for the homobasidiomycetes. Other homobasidiomycetes are studied for industrial purposes, for example the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium which produces exoenzymes such as laccases, and various edible mushrooms including Agaricus spp. These species can easily be cultured on relatively simple media, and they complete their entire life cycle within a few weeks under laboratory conditions. Since we are working with C. cinereus, here we present genetic techniques that are applied to this fungus. The approaches, however, are broadly applicable to the full range of basidiomycetes.
Methods in solid tumour cytogenetics
Authors: Mandahl N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has been demonstrated beyond doubt that the acquired chromosome abnormalities, \vhich are a characteristic feature of human neoplastic cells, are non randomly distributed throughout the genome and that certain aberrations are associated with specific histological tumour types (1,2). These chromosomal changes, including both structural and numerical aberrations, affect all chromosomes, autosomes as well as gonosomes, and may be found as sole changes, but, particularly in solid tumours, more often in a complex array of karyotypic changes.
Plant histology
Authors: Spence Jackie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The microscope is one of the most important instruments used in biological research and it has contributed much to our knowledge of morphology and cell dynamics. Over the past ten years there have been many advances in light microscopical techniques including the development of the confocal microscope and improved image analysis software. However the need for simpler analytical techniques has certainly not decreased. Today molecular biologists and biochemists often require the light or fluorescence microscope to analyse gene expression patterns, mutant phenotypes, and structure-function relationships (1), and, although most laboratories have access to a simple light and fluorescence micro scope, not all laboratories have the expertise in microscopical techniques. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the non-microscopist to some of the more simple, but no less informative, histological techniques for the study of plant tissues.
Hsp70 chaperone networks: the role of regulatory co-chaperones in coordinating stress responses with cell growth and death
Authors: Song Jaewhan , Morimoto Richard I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the fascinating problems in biology is the process by which proteins acquire and maintain their folded state. Interest in this problem has intensified with the recognition that folding intermediates adopt alternative conformations rich in β-sheets that can self-associate to form protein aggregates, protofilaments, and fibrils as associated with a class of diseases known as protein conformational or aggregation diseases, including Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, ALS, and Huntington’s Disease (1, and see Chapter 11). As environmental and physiological stress and genetic mutations are known to negatively influence the stability of proteins and result in protein misfolding, it would not be surprising that the cellular stress response has an essential role in protein folding quality control.
High resolution FISH mapping using chromatin and DNA fibre
Authors: Heng Henry H Q 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the method of high resolution fibre FISH. Fibre FISH collectively refers to all approaches that perform fluorescence in situ hybridization on released chromatin or DNA fibre. Since the degree of condensation is much less than metaphase chromosomes and even less than interphase chromatin, the resolution of fibre FISH is among the highest when compared to prophase chromosome FISH, interphase FISH, meiotic prophase FISH, or pronuclear FISH (1-5).
The American Lie
Authors: Ginsberg Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Going all the way back to the time of George Washington, much of what we see and hear in the political world consists of lies and deceptions. Despite assurances to the contrary, politics is not about truth, justice, and principle. It is about money, power, and status. As astute political commentator Ben Ginsberg convincingly demonstrates, politicians habitually lie, pretending to fight for principles, in order to conceal their true selfish motives. Citizens who need the frequent injunctions to participate in politics and abjure political cynicism are likely to be duped into contributing their tax dollars and even their lives for dubious purposes. Most individuals gain little from political participation. Participants are the foot soldiers of political warfare, but even if their side is victorious, they receive few of the spoils of war. Thus, in this new political season, Ginsberg encourages citizens to think outside the (ballot) box, finding new ways to act on behalf of their interests and the public good. But if they do vote, their motto should be when in doubt vote them out. The elections of 2008 are a good time to begin.
‘Drowned in a Sea of Inhumanity’: Natural Childbirth, Postnatal Depression and the National Childbirth Trust, 1956–80s
Authors: Marland Hilary 
Published: November 2023

Summary
During the 1970s, the National Childbirth Trust (NCT) began to provide information and support to women experiencing postnatal mental illness, building on its promotion of natural childbirth and emphasis on the emotional wellbeing of women around birth, which had occupied the organisation since its establishment in 1956. This article argues that, alongside emotional, social and medical factors, the NCT attributed postnatal depression to the shift to hospital deliveries, involving high levels of intervention and frustrating women’s choice and agency. While sharing ambitions to improve care in childbirth and giving women a voice in describing their experiences, it is suggested that the NCT’s relationship with the feminist health movement remained ambiguous. The article also explores the NCT’s collaboration with a variety of experts and advisors, some of whom emphasised the risk of postnatal depression to the bonding process and infant’s development, potentially exacerbating the mental distress of new mothers.
Preliminary Validation of the Pain Relief Motivation Scales (PRMS)
Authors: Letzen Janelle E. , Hunt Carly A. , Webb Caroline , Vetter Maria , Finan Patrick H. , Karoly Paul , Mun Chung Jung 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
Pain typically prompts individuals to seek relief. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the Pain Relief Motivation Scales (PRMS), applying revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory to measure the neuropsychological systems underlying motivation for pain relief. We hypothesized a 6-factor structure based on previous work, including one behavioral inhibition system (BIS) factor, one Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS) factor, and four behavioral activation system (BAS) factors.

Methods:
Items were generated by adapting the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire for relevance to pain relief. Adults with chronic pain were recruited internationally to participate in online survey batteries at baseline and one week later during 2021. We randomly split the sample to conduct exploratory factor analysis (n=253) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=253). Psychometric properties were estimated using the full sample (N=506).

Results:
Parallel analysis revealed that a 5-factor structure best fit the data (21 items): [1] hopelessness about pain relief (BIS), [2] hesitancy for engaging in pain treatments (BIS), [3] persistence in engaging in pain treatments (BAS), [4] relief reactivity (BAS), and [5] risky relief-seeking (BAS). Acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=.68-.80) and test-retest reliability (ICCs=.71-.88) were observed. Construct validity varied from weak to moderate (r’s=.02-.45).

Discussion:
As the first attempt to create an instrument measuring neuropsychological systems underlying motivation for pain relief, the findings show that additional work is needed to refine theory and psychometric rigor in this area. Cautiously, the results suggest that a BIS-BAS model, with minimal FFFS contributions, might be useful for understanding motivation for relief.
Longitudinal Pain Outcomes Following an Intensive Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Weiss Karen , Li Rui , Wang Xing , Vandeleur Daron , Havkins Sabina , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
This study tested performance measures of physical functioning and pain-related psychosocial measures as potential mechanisms of improvements in outcomes following intensive outpatient interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation for adolescents. We hypothesized that improvements in performance measures of physical functioning, fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy during treatment would be related to improvements in pain, functional disability, and depressive symptoms.

Methods:
Seventy-seven adolescents, 10-18 years old, completed self-report measures prior to treatment, after the first week, at discharge, and at 3-months follow-up. Participants completed physical performance measures of physical and exercise capacity and core strength on day one, after the first week, and at discharge. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between changes in potential mechanisms and changes in outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, pain duration and baseline functional disability.

Results:
Statistically significant improvement in functional disability, pain, and depressive symptoms was demonstrated across the four time points. Improvements were also demonstrated in physical performance measures, fear of pain, pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy. Improvements in pain catastrophizing predicted improvements in functional disability, pain and depressive symptoms. Improvements in self-efficacy predicted improvements in all outcome variables except depression. Improvements in physical performance measures predicted improvements in some aspects of functional disability and pain, but not depressive symptoms.

Discussion:
This study contributes to the growing literature on the effectiveness of pediatric intensive interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs and mechanisms that influence improvements in outcomes, an area that is currently underexplored. Results are important to guide future research and inform clinical practice.
Sodium Bicarbonate and Calcium Chloride for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia-Induced Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Animal Study*
Authors: Eggertsen Mark Andreas , Munch Johannsen Cecilie , Kovacevic Alexander , Fink Vallentin Mikael , Mørk Vammen Lauge , Andersen Lars W. , Granfeldt Asger 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Current international guidelines recommend administrating calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate to patients with hyperkalemia-induced cardiac arrest, despite limited evidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a pig model of hyperkalemia-induced cardiac arrest.

DESIGN:
A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled experimental pig study. Hyperkalemia was induced by continuous infusion of potassium chloride over 45 minutes followed by a bolus. After a no flow period of 7 minutes, pigs first received 2 minutes of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation and subsequently advanced life support. The first intervention dose was administered after the fifth rhythm analysis, followed by a defibrillation attempt at the sixth rhythm analysis. A second dose of the intervention was administered after the seventh rhythm analysis if ROSC was not achieved. In case of successful resuscitation, pigs received intensive care for 1 hour before termination of the study.

SETTING:
University hospital laboratory.

SUBJECTS:
Fifty-four female Landrace/Yorkshire/Duroc pigs (38–42 kg).

INTERVENTIONS:
The study used a 2 × 2 factorial design, with calcium chloride (0.1 mmol/kg) and sodium bicarbonate (1 mmol/kg) as the interventions.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Fifty-two pigs were included in the study. Sodium bicarbonate significantly increased the number of animals achieving ROSC (24/26 [92%] vs. 13/26 [50%]; odds ratio [OR], 12.0; 95% CI, 2.3–61.5; p = 0.003) and reduced time to ROSC (hazard ratio [HR] 3.6; 95% CI, 1.8–7.5; p < 0.001). There was no effect of calcium chloride on the number of animals achieving ROSC (19/26 [73%] vs. 18/26 [69%]; OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.4–4.0; p = 0.76) or time to ROSC (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8–2.9; p = 0.23).

CONCLUSIONS:
Administration of sodium bicarbonate significantly increased the number of animals achieving ROSC and decreased time to ROSC. There was no effect of calcium chloride on the number of animals achieving ROSC or time to ROSC.
Post-Cardiac Arrest Care in Adult Patients After Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Kang Jin Kook , Darby Zachary , Bleck Thomas P. , Whitman Glenn J. R. , Kim Bo Soo , Cho Sung-Min 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) serves as a lifesaving intervention for patients experiencing refractory cardiac arrest. With its expanding usage, there is a burgeoning focus on improving patient outcomes through optimal management in the acute phase after cannulation. This review explores systematic post-cardiac arrest management strategies, associated complications, and prognostication in ECPR patients.

DATA SOURCES:
A PubMed search from inception to 2023 using search terms such as post-cardiac arrest care, ICU management, prognostication, and outcomes in adult ECPR patients was conducted.

STUDY SELECTION:
Selection includes original research, review articles, and guidelines.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Information from relevant publications was reviewed, consolidated, and formulated into a narrative review.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
We found limited data and no established clinical guidelines for post-cardiac arrest care after ECPR. In contrast to non-ECPR patients where systematic post-cardiac arrest care is shown to improve the outcomes, there is no high-quality data on this topic after ECPR. This review outlines a systematic approach, albeit limited, for ECPR care, focusing on airway/breathing and circulation as well as critical aspects of ICU care, including analgesia/sedation, mechanical ventilation, early oxygen/Co
2, and temperature goals, nutrition, fluid, imaging, and neuromonitoring strategy. We summarize common on-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation complications and the complex nature of prognostication and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy in ECPR. Given conflicting outcomes in ECPR randomized controlled trials focused on pre-cannulation care, a better understanding of hemodynamic, neurologic, and metabolic abnormalities and early management goals may be necessary to improve their outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Effective post-cardiac arrest care during the acute phase of ECPR is paramount in optimizing patient outcomes. However, a dearth of evidence to guide specific management strategies remains, indicating the necessity for future research in this field.
Tear Tacrolimus Levels and Clinical Response After Adjunct Therapy With Cutaneous Application of Tacrolimus 0.1% Over Upper Eyelid Skin in Chronic Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Bardoloi Priyadarshana , Vanathi Murugesan , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Laxmi Moksha , Gupta Noopur , Lomi Neiwete , Tandon Radhika 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of cutaneous application of 0.1% tacrolimus eye ointment over the skin of the upper eyelid in chronic vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Methods:
A prospective, longitudinal, noncomparative, open-label clinical study of moderate-to-severe grade steroid-dependent VKC was performed. Study participants were initiated on adjunct therapy of cutaneous application of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment twice daily on the upper eyelid skin. Ocular surface evaluation parameters, meibomian gland imaging, intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and clinical disease severity scoring were performed to assess clinical response at baseline and month 3 of therapy. Tear levels of tacrolimus were measured at month 3 using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and correlated with the clinical score.

Results:
Palpebral form of VKC was observed in 85% of the cases, with positive family history in 5%, atopy in 7.5%, and keratoconus in 11.25%. Clinical assessment revealed improvement in 97.5% patients with discontinuation of concomitant topical steroids in 64% of patients. There were no changes in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, or ocular surface evaluation after therapy. Tacrolimus was detected in the tears of all our study patients after cutaneous application over the upper eyelid skin, proving its bioavailability with mean tear tacrolimus levels of 6.55 ± 21.43 ng/mL. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate negative correlation between the clinical score and tacrolimus concentration (Spearman correlation coefficient: −0.34, P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Cutaneous tacrolimus 0.1% ointment over the upper eyelid skin is an efficacious alternative method of application in treatment of VKC, with no resultant ocular irritation.
Understanding racial disparities of glaucoma
Authors: Barquet-Pizá Viviana , Siegfried Carla J. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Increased prevalence, earlier onset, and more rapid progression to vision loss from glaucoma has demonstrated racial disparity in numerous studies over decades. Precise etiologies of these important differences among patients of African and Hispanic ancestral background have not been elucidated. This review focuses on currently available epidemiologic/population, genetic, socioeconomic and physiologic studies of racial disparities in this blinding disease.

Recent findings
In depth reviews of several landmark studies of glaucoma prevalence in various racial groups have highlighted potential challenges of lack of recruitment of diverse populations in genetic studies and clinical trials, challenges of racial stratification of subjects, and the impact of socioeconomic variables.

Summary
Through a more comprehensive analysis of racial disparities of glaucoma, both clinicians and researchers may provide more effective population screening and management with a holistic approach for individualized patient care to provide improved outcomes. Future studies of interventions in sociodemographic factors and genetic/physiologic variables that influence the prevalence, access, and consequential vision loss from glaucoma will be crucial to minimize/eliminate racial disparities and improve outcomes for all.
Prediction of Coronary Artery Lesions in Patients With Recurrent Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Yang Penghui , Zhang Jing , Liu Yihao , Feng Siqi , Yi Qijian 
Published: November 2023

Background:
A subset of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) will suffer recurrence. However, there is still a lack of accurate prediction models for coronary artery lesions (CAL) in recurrent KD patients. It is necessary to establish a new nomogram model for predicting CAL in patients with recurrent KD.

Methods:
Data from patients with recurrent KD between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. After splitting the patients into training and validation cohorts, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used to select the predictors of CAL and multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a nomogram based on the selected predictors. The application of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, Brier score and decision curve analysis were used to assess the model performance.

Results:
A total of 159 recurrent KD patients were enrolled, 66 (41.5%) of whom had CAL. Hemoglobin levels, CAL at the first episode, and intravenous immunoglobulin resistance at recurrence were identified by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis as significant predictors. The model incorporating these predictors showed good discrimination (AUC, 0.777) and calibration capacities (Hosmer–Lemeshow P value, 0.418; Brier score, 0.190) in the training cohort. Application of the model to the validation cohort yielded an AUC of 0.741, a Hosmer–Lemeshow P value of 0.623 and a Brier score of 0.190. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram model was clinically useful.

Conclusions:
The proposed nomogram model could help clinicians assess the risk of CAL in patients with recurrent KD.
Ulceration in Congenital Hemangiomas
Authors: Cordisco María Rosa , Fernández Faith Esteban , Lanoel Agustina , Manunza Francesca , Stefano Paola , Castro Carla , Durán-McKinster Carola , Velasquez Felipe , Henostroza Katia , Harfmann Katya , Baselga Torres Eulàlia 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to describe the clinical features, treatment course, and complications of patients with congenital hemangiomas (CH) with ulceration.

Methods:
Multicenter retrospective study of patients with CH who developed ulceration as a complication.

Results:
Data for 20 subjects with ulcerated CH was analyzed. CH were more commonly located on the extremities (60%), followed by the head and neck (35%) and trunk (5%). Three clinical morphological variants were recognized, most patients presented with an exophytic vascular tumor (70%). Among patients with available information to determine the postnatal course, 62.5% represented partially involuting CH, while 37.5% were rapidly involuting CH. Secondary complications occurred in 35% of patients including thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, bleeding, sepsis, including one fatal case.

Conclusion:
Ulceration is an important complication of involuting CH. Bleeding, coagulopathy, sepsis, and death are potential secondary complications. Care for these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach, ensuring close follow up and education for parents and caregivers.
Protein status in relation to linear growth faltering and environmental enteropathy
Authors: Shivakumar Nirupama , Kelly Paul 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Children with linear growth faltering refractory to nutritional management show evidence of environmental enteropathy, which may compromise nutrient availability. Protein could be particularly affected, due to the possibility of sub-optimal digestibility and/or increase in requirement for immune response. This increase in protein requirement along with poor intake could potentially lead to increased breakdown of body protein sources and in turn a depleted protein state. The present review focuses on protein status in children at risk of linear growth faltering and environmental enteropathy. One pig study is also presented.

Recent findings
There is consistent evidence of low circulating essential and conditionally essential amino acids, in children. One study showed no difference in protein synthesis/breakdown, and fat free mass (FFM) in children at risk of linear growth faltering and environmental enteropathy. Weanling pigs exposed to nutrient deprivation showed a decrease in plasma albumin, with a slower rate of weight and length accretion, and a lower FFM.

Summary
These findings emphasize the need for improving intake of high-quality protein in children living in regions with a high prevalence of environmental enteropathy, with careful studies of the effect on growth rate and protein status.