bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial development of an ‘Orthodontic Care Index’ involving treatment need,—complexity and—priority
Authors: De Ridder Lutgart , Decreus Julie , Willems Guy , Cadenas de Llano-Pérula Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based scoring system for prioritizing limited orthodontic resources based on orthodontic treatment need (OTN), orthodontic treatment complexity (OTC), and orthodontic treatment priority (OTP), which is not merely a scoring system for malocclusion but also a comprehensive classification of orthodontic issues incorporating patient- and treatment-related factors, called Orthodontic Care Index (OCI).

Materials and methods
The development of the OCI involved eight phases, starting with a systematic literature review to identify all possible parameters involved in determining OTN, OTC, and OTP. An eight-member orthodontic specialist panel then evaluated and scored the significance of each parameter, resulting in a parameter-score list. Subsequently, a retrospective convenience sample of 61 patients was scored with the parameter-score list, and using the same convenience sample a gold standard was established through the expert opinion of a third orthodontic panel. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate weights of importance and construct a formula to calculate index scores. Lastly, the expert opinion was compared to the index scores, to determine the index performance.

Results
The preliminary index separately calculates OTN, OTC, and OTP for a patient as the weighted sum of his/her domain scores. The sensitivity of the index for predicting OTN, OTC, and OTP was high (98.1%, 82.9%, and 92.7% respectively), while the variability of each was relatively low (52.1%, 31.2%, and 52.6% respectively).

Conclusions/Implications
The OCI shows promise as a guideline for prioritizing orthodontic care. It will be further refined and validated to enhance its performance and usefulness.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator use in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in North America and Europe
Authors: Carrick Richard T , De Marco Corrado , Gasperetti Alessio , Bosman Laurens P , Gourraud Jean-Baptiste , Trancuccio Alessandro , Mazzanti Andrea , Murray Brittney , Pendleton Catherine , Tichnell Crystal , Tandri Harikrishna , Zeppenfeld Katja , Wilde Arthur A M , Davies Brianna , Seifer Colette , Roberts Jason D , Healey Jeff S , MacIntyre Ciorsti , Alqarawi Wael , Tadros Rafik , Cutler Michael J , Targetti Mattia , Calò Leonardo , Vitali Francesco , Bertini Matteo , Compagnucci Paolo , Casella Michela , Dello Russo Antonio , Cappelletto Chiara , De Luca Antonio , Stolfo Davide , Duru Firat , Jensen Henrik K , Svensson Anneli , Dahlberg Pia , Hasselberg Nina E , Di Marco Andrea , Jordà Paloma , Arbelo Elena , Moreno Weidmann Zoraida , Borowiec Karolina , Delinière Antoine , Biernacka Elżbieta K , van Tintelen J Peter , Platonov Pyotr G , Olivotto Iacopo , Saguner Ardan M , Haugaa Kristina H , Cox Moniek , Tondo Claudio , Merlo Marco , Krahn Andrew D , te Riele Anneline S J M , Wu Katherine C , Calkins Hugh , James Cynthia A , Cadrin-Tourigny Julia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are critical for preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). This study aims to identify cross-continental differences in utilization of primary prevention ICDs and survival free from sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in ARVC.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of ARVC patients without prior VA enrolled in clinical registries from 11 countries throughout Europe and North America. Patients were classified according to whether they received treatment in North America or Europe and were further stratified by baseline predicted VA risk into low- (&lt;10%/5 years), intermediate- (10%–25%/5 years), and high-risk (&gt;25%/5 years) groups. Differences in ICD implantation and survival free from sustained VA events (including appropriate ICD therapy) were assessed.

Results
One thousand ninety-eight patients were followed for a median of 5.1 years; 554 (50.5%) received a primary prevention ICD, and 286 (26.0%) experienced a first VA event. After adjusting for baseline risk factors, North Americans were more than three times as likely to receive ICDs {hazard ratio (HR) 3.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5, 3.8]} but had only mildly increased risk for incident sustained VA [HR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.8)]. North Americans without ICDs were at higher risk for incident sustained VA [HR 2.1 (95% CI 1.3, 3.4)] than Europeans.

Conclusions
North American ARVC patients were substantially more likely than Europeans to receive primary prevention ICDs across all arrhythmic risk strata. A lower rate of ICD implantation in Europe was not associated with a higher rate of VA events in those without ICDs.
Unlocking the potential of artificial intelligence in sports cardiology: does it have a role in evaluating athlete’s heart?
Authors: Palermi Stefano , Vecchiato Marco , Saglietto Andrea , Niederseer David , Oxborough David , Ortega-Martorell Sandra , Olier Ivan , Castelletti Silvia , Baggish Aaron , Maffessanti Francesco , Biffi Alessandro , D’Andrea Antonello , Zorzi Alessandro , Cavarretta Elena , D’Ascenzi Flavio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is evolving in different fields of cardiology and in particular in sports cardiology. Artificial intelligence offers significant opportunities to enhance risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of athletes. This article explores the application of AI in various aspects of sports cardiology, including imaging techniques, genetic testing, and wearable devices. The use of machine learning and deep neural networks enables improved analysis and interpretation of complex datasets. However, ethical and legal dilemmas must be addressed, including informed consent, algorithmic fairness, data privacy, and intellectual property issues. The integration of AI technologies should complement the expertise of physicians, allowing for a balanced approach that optimizes patient care and outcomes. Ongoing research and collaborations are vital to harness the full potential of AI in sports cardiology and advance our management of cardiovascular health in athletes.
Fine-Scale Map Reveals Highly Variable Recombination Rates Associated with Genomic Features in the Eurasian Blackcap
Authors: Bascón-Cardozo Karen , Bours Andrea , Manthey Georg , Durieux Gillian , Dutheil Julien Y , Pruisscher Peter , Odenthal-Hesse Linda , Liedvogel Miriam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recombination is responsible for breaking up haplotypes, influencing genetic variability, and the efficacy of selection. Bird genomes lack the protein PR domain-containing protein 9, a key determinant of recombination dynamics in most metazoans. Historical recombination maps in birds show an apparent stasis in positioning recombination events. This highly conserved recombination pattern over long timescales may constrain the evolution of recombination in birds. At the same time, extensive variation in recombination rate is observed across the genome and between different species of birds. Here, we characterize the fine-scale historical recombination map of an iconic migratory songbird, the Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), using a linkage disequilibrium–based approach that accounts for population demography. Our results reveal variable recombination rates among and within chromosomes, which associate positively with nucleotide diversity and GC content and negatively with chromosome size. Recombination rates increased significantly at regulatory regions but not necessarily at gene bodies. CpG islands are associated strongly with recombination rates, though their specific position and local DNA methylation patterns likely influence this relationship. The association with retrotransposons varied according to specific family and location. Our results also provide evidence of heterogeneous intrachromosomal conservation of recombination maps between the blackcap and its closest sister taxon, the garden warbler. These findings highlight the considerable variability of recombination rates at different scales and the role of specific genomic features in shaping this variation. This study opens the possibility of further investigating the impact of recombination on specific population-genomic features.
Incidence, Quality of Care, and Mortality in Hip Fracture Patients in the Course of the COVID Pandemic: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Pedersen Alma B , Risbo Nickolaj , Viberg Bjarke L , Palm Henrik , Röck Niels Dieter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
We assessed the incidence, quality of in-hospital care, and mortality for hip fracture (HF) patients in Denmark before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic.

Methods
We obtained data from the Danish registries in the COVID period (March 11, 2020 to January 27, 2021, overall and in 5 periods) and compared it to a pre-COVID period (March 13, 2019 to March 10, 2020). We calculated the proportion of patients (%) that have fulfilled all the relevant quality indicators (a composite score of 100%) and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for 30-day mortality.

Results
The incidence of HF was 5.7 per 1 000 person-years both in pre-COVID and COVID periods. About 35% of patients had a composite score of 100% in the COVID period compared to 28% in the pre-COVID period (proportion ratio 1.23 [95% CI: 1.17–1.30]). Fulfillment of all individual quality indicators was similar or higher in the COVID period. 30-day mortality was 9.5% in pre-COVID period, compared to 10.8% in the COVID period (HR 1.15 [95% CI: 1.02–1.30]). HRs varied from 1.07 (95% CI: 0.89–1.29) to 1.31 (95% CI: 1.06–1.62) in 5 COVID periods. In-hospital mortality was 4% in pre-COVID versus 4.4% in COVID period.

Conclusions
The incidence of HF in Denmark remained unchanged. The quality of in-hospital care was higher in the COVID compared to pre-COVID period. Unfortunately, 30-day mortality was also higher, highlighting the importance of recognizing diversity of social networks, home support, and digital health intervention after discharge for outcome of HF patients.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, and Vitamin-D-Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Dementia Among Older Adults With Prediabetes
Authors: Zhou Chun , Gan Xiaoqin , Ye Ziliang , Zhang Yanjun , Yang Sisi , He Panpan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Mengyi , Wu Qimeng , Qin Xianhui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The association between vitamin D and dementia risk in those with prediabetes remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with incident dementia among older adults with prediabetes, and examine whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and vitamin-D-binding protein (VDBP) gene polymorphisms may modify this association.

Methods
A total of 34 237 participants aged ≥60 with prediabetes (HbA1c &lt;6.5% and ≥5.7%) and without dementia at baseline were included from the UK Biobank. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay method. The primary outcome was incident all-cause dementia. Secondary outcomes included incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia, respectively. The VDR and VDBP gene polymorphisms included single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs7975232, rs1544410, rs2228570, rs731236, and rs7041, rs4588, respectively.

Results
During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 941 (2.7%) participants developed incident all-cause dementia. Overall, serum 25OHD was inversely associated with all-cause dementia (per standard deviation increment, adjusted hazard ratio: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.75, 0.89). Similar trends were found for incident AD and vascular dementia. Furthermore, there was a stronger inverse relationship between serum 25OHD and all-cause dementia among VDR rs7975232 C allele noncarriers (p-interaction &lt; 0.05). However, APOE Ɛ4, other VDR, and VDBP gene polymorphisms did not significantly modify the relation of serum 25OHD with incident all-cause dementia (all p-interactions &gt;.05).

Conclusions
There was an inverse association between serum 25OHD and incident dementia among older adults with prediabetes, especially in VDR rs7975232 AA allele carriers.
Dynamical Network Stability Analysis of Multiple Biological Ages Provides a Framework for Understanding the Aging Process
Authors: Pridham Glen , Rutenberg Andrew D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Widespread interest in nondestructive biomarkers of aging has led to a multitude of biological ages that each proffers a “true” health-adjusted individual age. Although each measure provides salient information on the aging process, they are each univariate, in contrast to the “hallmark” and “pillar” theories of aging, which are explicitly multidimensional, multicausal, and multiscale. Fortunately, multiple biological ages can be systematically combined into a multidimensional network representation. The interaction network between these biological ages permits analysis of the multidimensional effects of aging, as well as quantification of causal influences during both natural aging and, potentially, after anti-aging intervention. The behavior of the system as a whole can then be explored using dynamical network stability analysis, which identifies new, efficient biomarkers that quantify long-term resilience scores on the timescale between measurements (years). We demonstrate this approach using a set of 8 biological ages from the longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). After extracting an interaction network between these biological ages, we observed that physiological age, a proxy for cardiometabolic health, serves as a central node in the network, implicating it as a key vulnerability for slow, age-related decline. We furthermore show that while the system as a whole is stable, there is a weakly stable direction along which recovery is slow—on the timescale of a human lifespan. This slow direction provides an aging biomarker, which correlates strongly with chronological age and predicts longitudinal decline in health—suggesting that it estimates an important driver of age-related changes.
Vulture: cloud-enabled scalable mining of microbial reads in public scRNA-seq data
Authors: Chen Junyi , Yin Danqing , Wong Harris Y H , Duan Xin , Yu Ken H O , Ho Joshua W K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The rapidly growing collection of public single-cell sequencing data has become a valuable resource for molecular, cellular, and microbial discovery. Previous studies mostly overlooked detecting pathogens in human single-cell sequencing data. Moreover, existing bioinformatics tools lack the scalability to deal with big public data. We introduce Vulture, a scalable cloud-based pipeline that performs microbial calling for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, enabling meta-analysis of host–microbial studies from the public domain. In our benchmarking experiments, Vulture is 66% to 88% faster than local tools (PathogenTrack and Venus) and 41% faster than the state-of-the-art cloud-based tool Cumulus, while achieving comparable microbial read identification. In terms of the cost on cloud computing systems, Vulture also shows a cost reduction of 83% ($12 vs. ${\$}$70). We applied Vulture to 2 coronavirus disease 2019, 3 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 2 gastric cancer human patient cohorts with public sequencing reads data from scRNA-seq experiments and discovered cell type–specific enrichment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Helicobacter pylori–positive cells, respectively. In the HCC analysis, all cohorts showed hepatocyte-only enrichment of HBV, with cell subtype-associated HBV enrichment based on inferred copy number variations. In summary, Vulture presents a scalable and economical framework to mine unknown host–microbial interactions from large-scale public scRNA-seq data. Vulture is available via an open-source license at https://github.com/holab-hku/Vulture.
A cross-sectional study of Australian teachers’ health: are work-related factors associated with lifestyle behaviours?
Authors: Corbett Lucy , Phongsavan Philayrath , Okely Anthony D , Peralta Louisa R , Bauman Adrian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Teacher’s lifestyle behaviours are important because they lead to positive health outcomes for teachers themselves and because teachers model behaviour to their students. This cross-sectional study examined the lifestyle behaviours of a large sample of teachers in New South Wales (NSW), Australia and assessed the association between work-related factors and lifestyle behaviours. From February to October 2021, data were collected on the lifestyle behaviours, work-related factors and socio-demographics of primary and secondary school teachers in NSW, via an online survey. Associations between individual work-related factors and lifestyle behaviours were modelled using logistic regression and adjusted for sex, age, number of children and geographic location. Most of our survey sample (n = 1136) were women (75%) and 53% were reported as having overweight or obesity. Only 23% of teachers met the recommended physical activity guidelines, 39% met fruit intake guidelines, 9% met vegetable intake guidelines and 58% met healthy sleep guidelines. Most teachers (78%) met the recommendation of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, 89% were not current smokers, but only 46% met the recommended alcohol consumption guidelines. Hours worked, teaching load, school sector and teacher role were associated with one or more lifestyle behaviours after adjusting for the demographic variables. This study highlights the need for additional support to improve the health-related behaviours of teachers in NSW. Policymakers should recognize the negative impact of high workloads on teachers’ health-related behaviours, increasing their risk of chronic disease.
The endometrial microbiota and early pregnancy loss
Authors: Odendaal Joshua , Black Naomi , Bennett Phillip R , Brosens Jan , Quenby Siobhan , MacIntyre David A 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe human endometrium is a dynamic entity that plays a pivotal role in mediating the complex interplay between the mother and developing embryo. Endometrial disruption can lead to pregnancy loss, impacting both maternal physical and psychological health. Recent research suggests that the endometrial microbiota may play a role in this, although the exact mechanisms are still being explored, aided by recent technological advancements and our growing understanding of host immune responses. Suboptimal or dysbiotic vaginal microbiota, characterized by increased microbial diversity and reduced Lactobacillus dominance, has been associated with various adverse reproductive events, including miscarriage. However, the mechanisms linking the lower reproductive tract microbiota with pregnancy loss remain unclear. Recent observational studies implicate a potential microbial continuum between the vaginal and endometrial niche in patients with pregnancy loss; however, transcervical sampling of the low biomass endometrium is highly prone to cross-contamination, which is often not controlled for. In this review, we explore emerging evidence supporting the theory that a dysbiotic endometrial microbiota may modulate key inflammatory pathways required for successful embryo implantation and pregnancy development. We also highlight that a greater understanding of the endometrial microbiota, its relationship with the local endometrial microenvironment, and potential interventions remain a focus for future research.
Peripheral voices: women in international trade scholarship
Authors: Muzaka Valbona , Scott James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We ask how women are faring in the field of international trade both as knowledge producers and as policy-makers, with a focus on the former. This is an important question in light of the increased, if belated, attention paid to the gendered impact of international trade rules and of the gendered nature of academia. Using article publishing as a proxy for international trade scholarship, we create a unique dataset consisting of trade-related articles published in the 27 most influential journals in the field during the past 20 years. Examining the gender balance of authors in our database reveals that, despite recent progress, women's voices are still peripheral in the field, comprising just 31.5 percent of authors in the past five years. We find no reasons to believe this is a peculiarity of knowledge creation in the field of international trade. Rather, the analysis suggests that it is the highly gendered nature of the broad fields of International Relations and International Political Economy that explains the gender imbalance we find. Looking ahead, if we are serious about addressing gender imbalances in international trade policy-making and knowledge production, new knowledge and strategies are needed that address the structural reasons that contribute to the arbitrary but very real gender inequalities both in academia and policy-making. Ensuring women scholars and policy-makers are fully represented in formulating and implementing these strategies is a basic, even if insufficient, precondition for their success. Only after the weaknesses and hurdles are addressed will the deterrence and defence of the region attain a fully credible level.
Index of Minimal Hypersurfaces in Real Projective Spaces
Authors: Chen Shuli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We prove that for an embedded unstable one-sided minimal hypersurface of the $(n+1)$-dimensional real projective space, the Morse index is at least $n+2$, and this bound is attained by the cubic isoparametric minimal hypersurfaces. We also show that there exist closed embedded two-sided minimal surfaces in the 3-dimensional real projective space of each odd index by computing the index of the Lawson surfaces.
Unraveling the Immune Signature of Herpes Zoster: Insights Into the Pathophysiology and Human Leukocyte Antigen Risk Profile
Authors: Vandoren Romi , Boeren Marlies , Schippers Jolien , Bartholomeus Esther , Mullan Kerry , Michels Nele , Aerts Olivier , Leysen Julie , Bervoets An , Lambert Julien , Leuridan Elke , Wens Johan , Peeters Karin , Emonds Marie-Paule , Jansens Hilde , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Bastard Paul , Suls Arvid , Van Tendeloo Viggo , Ponsaerts Peter , Delputte Peter , Ogunjimi Benson , Laukens Kris , Meysman Pieter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infects &gt;95% of the population. VZV reactivation causes herpes zoster (HZ), known as shingles, primarily affecting the elderly and individuals who are immunocompromised. However, HZ can occur in otherwise healthy individuals. We analyzed the immune signature and risk profile in patients with HZ using a genome-wide association study across different UK Biobank HZ cohorts. Additionally, we conducted one of the largest HZ human leukocyte antigen association studies to date, coupled with transcriptomic analysis of pathways underlying HZ susceptibility. Our findings highlight the significance of the major histocompatibility complex locus for HZ development, identifying 5 protective and 4 risk human leukocyte antigen alleles. This demonstrates that HZ susceptibility is largely governed by variations in the major histocompatibility complex. Furthermore, functional analyses revealed the upregulation of type I interferon and adaptive immune responses. These findings provide fresh molecular insights into the pathophysiology and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses triggered by symptomatic VZV reactivation.