bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Man’s Justice
Authors: Lobban Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This major new study examines the use of political trials by the apartheid regime in South Africa against its opponents in the 1970s, the decade when the ideology of apartheid was reaching its apogee. After tracing the early history of the South African Students Organization and the Black People's Convention, it shows how the state reacted to the threat posed by the black consciousness movement by launching a major trials of ideas, using the notorious Terrorism Act. It examines how, at the same time, the authorities sought to crack down on white dissent by prosecuting the leaders of the National Union of South African Students. By making a detailed study of trial transcripts in addition to other materials, it explores how the state sought to infiltrate and crush nascent ANC and PAC structures which were re-emerging in the mid 1970s within South Africa. It shows how the prosecution policy and the legal stategy of the state changed during the decade as the nature of the threats it faced altered, culminating in the trial of the leaders of the Soweto Students Representative Council in 1979 for sedition. Arguing that the political trial was perhaps the only venue where white ideology had to engage directy with black protest, this original and thought-provoking account demonstrates how the trials became platforms for competing views of society and politics, which give a unique insight into the conflict between the political ideals held by blacks and whites in this era. It also reveals how large a part politics played in securing the conviction of many dissenters, and how large a part events beyond the courtroom played, in the detention and torture of many activists.
Inclusive Legal Positivism
Authors: Waluchow W J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book develops a general theory of law - inclusive legal positivism - which seeks to remain within the tradition represented by authors such as Austin, Hart, MacCormick, and Raz, while sharing some of the virtues of both classical and modern theories of natural law, as represented by authors such as Aquinas, Fuller, Finnis, and Dworkin. W. J. Walchow articulates and defends his own version of legal positivism, which is a refinement and development of the views of H. L. A. Hart. The author shows how inclusive legal positivism demonstrates that the existence or content of positive law does depend on moral considerations; and that this is consistent with legal positivism. In addition, Waluchow helps to remove the confusion which has marred current jurisprudential debates about the nature of law. He argues that these debates are often clouded by failures to appreciate that different theorists are offering different kinds of theories and attempting to answer different questions. He also accuses theorists, principally Ronald Dworkin, of failing to characterize opposing theories correctly.
Case-Law of the World Bank AdMinisirative Tribunal
Authors: Amerasinghe C F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The World Bank Administrative Tribunal is an institution which in the twelve years of its existence has acquired considerable importance and a reputation for consistency and impartiality in the exercise of its judicial function. Its case-law reveals much about the structure and working of not only the World Bank but other important international organisations. This second volume of the comprehensive digest of the WBAT's case-law which deals with cases decided between January 1988 and June 1991, like the first volume, will be of much use to the those working in and studying international organisations as well as those simply interested in the World Bank Administrative Tribunal. The author cites those parts of judgments which pertain to a particular issue so that the reader has first-hand access to the Court's actual decisions on that issue. The pronouncements are thus arranged so as to give a clear picture of the contribution each has made to the law governing the international civil service.
Dealing with Data
Authors: Fountain* Jane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter will discuss the strategies I devised to collect and analyse data whilst attemp1ing to relate to the orthodoxy of research methodology texts. The study—my Ph.D. thesis—was of the social and economic organization of a network of sixty-four cannabis dealers, whose operations ranged from selling several pounds of the drug a week for a profit to passing on one-sixteenth of an ounce to a friend occasionally, as a favour. I identified five levels of distribution: wholesaler, middleperson, retailer, and regular and occasional supplier.
Greenham Revisited: Researching Myself and My Sisters
Authors: Roseneil* Sasha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When, along with 30 000 other women, I first visited the Women’s Peace Camp at Greenham Common in December 1982, I had no idea that a year later I would be living there, let alone that six years on I’d be writing a Ph.D. thesis about the place. A 16-year-old sixth former, I knew that something momentous was afoot and that I wanted to be part of it, but I certainly could not articulate the importance of what was happening outside that United States Air Force base in Berkshire. So it was that my doctoral thesis set out to explore the sociological significance of Greenham on both a micro level, to the tens of thousands whose lives were changed by the experience of involvement, and on a macro-level, to the social structures and institutions of a hetero-patriarchal society.
The Termination and Revision of Treaties in the Light of New Customary International Law
Authors: Kontou Nancy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This highly original and challenging study offers an examination of the tensions which exist between the two most important sources of international law: Treaty and Custom. Through detailed analysis of State Practice and key decisions of International Tribunals Dr Kontou considers the circumstances by which new customary law may abrogate the obligations of a prior Treaty, and argues that there is a special category of situations which supports the right of a state to re-negotiate a Treaty by an appeal to new customary law.
Introduction
Authors: Fentiman Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
How foreign law is pleaded and proved is the crux of the conflict of laws. Suppose that a Californian and a German agree a contract, a contract sub mitted expressly to the law of Germany. One sues the other in England for breach, liability turning on German law. Or suppose that a defendant injures a plaintiff by a tort committed in France, proceedings being in England but subject to French law. Suppose, again, that a testator dies domiciled in Italy, succession to his movable property turning on con tested points of Italian law.
In Pursuit of Good Administration
Authors: Woodhouse Diana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The importance of good administration is frequetly stressed by politicians, civil servants and judges. This book examines the concept against a background of extensive civil service reform, an increasingly interventionist judiciary, and exceptional executive/judicial tension. It looks at administrative and judicial perspectives, arguing that a public service model of good administration is giving way to a new public management model which supports different principles.It suggests that in many respects these principles, based on value for money and competition, sit uncomfortably with in the public sector and at times conflict with the principles upheld by the courts which have more in common woth a public service model. It concludes that now, more than ever, a Code of Good Administration is required. Such a Code would protect essential principles, enhance the constitutional authority of the courts with regard to judicial review, and, working alongside the Citizen's Charter, provide a blueprint for expected administrative standards within the civil service and beyond.
Conclusions
Authors: Woodhouse Diana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The preceding chapters have examined the concept of good administration against a background of fundamental change in the structure and operation of the Civil or Public-Service and increased tension between the executive and judicial branches of government. The change in the public service is the manifestation of a market philosophy, supported by rational-choice thinking, which centres upon efficiency, effectiveness and economy, when all the ‘Es’ are quantifiable, and which views the private-sector as the preferred medium for the delivery of public services. The result is the reduction and fragmentation of the public sector as government functions are privatized, contracted-out, market-tested or consigned to quangos or Next Steps executive agencies, and the incorporation of private-sector methods into the management and operation of these agencies and their parent departments.
International Litigation and the Quest for Reasonableness
Authors: Lowenfeld Andreas F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is an innovative and provocative book by one of America's leading writers on private and public international law. Practitioners as well as students and scholars will be fascinated by the author's distillation of a lifetime of experience as a lawyer, arbitrator, government official, and teacher in presenting recent developments in litigation of controversies across national boundaries.
Assessing the Past: Tort Law and Environmental Risk
Authors: Steele Jenny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conventionally, aspects of tort law are understood to have provided an early legal mechanism of protection for the environment. A number of historical studies have assessed the extent of tort’s impact in this respect, to generally critical effect. By contrast, current approaches to environmental law rightly emphasize the need for more effective methods of prospective regulation, and where there is interest in civil liability this is sometimes, though not always, explained by the potential prospective benefits of liability as a deterrent or ‘pricing’ system. Alternatively, schemes of ex post liability have also been proposed in order to meet the costs of remedying existing damage.
The Legal and Moral Limits of Common Law Tracing
Authors: Matthews Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
deconstructionist days, when (according to some) we should be considering the ‘structurality of structure’,1 there are few statements that a practising lawyer can make about legal thought which will not be either obvious or so oversimplified as to be wrong. Yet the introduction is necessary, because it shows, as the idiom is, where I am coming from. It also shows, in one way, where I am going to. In my beginning is my ending. It is, incidentally, entirely apt that these words are being written on a cross-channel ferry, since (though?) this is neither here nor there.
National Newspapers
Authors: Barendt Eric , Lustgarten Laurence , Norrie Kenneth , Stephenson Hugh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When we first approached a cross-section of national newspapers in 1991, explaining that we intended to conduct an empirical study of the way in which libel law and practice conditioned their conduct and performance, we received a gratifyingly positive reaction. There seemed to be a general initial agreement that the libel regime as a whole, in any case so far as England and Wales were concerned, was unsatisfactory. There was even perhaps a surprising willingness to discuss individual cases involving libel. With the sole exception of the Associated Newspapers Group (the Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday, and Evening Standara), all the editors and company executives we approached gave our proposed research project their blessing and gave us permission to talk directly to journalists on their papers, to in-house legal advisers and, where this applied, to the outside firms of solicitors which handle their libel matters. The only universal reservation from the start was that they would not be prepared for us to be given information about aspects of past or pending libel litigation, or threats of litigation, that might indicate a pattern in the tactics they deployed towards particular complaints or classes of complaint. The reason given was that the world of libel litigation in London is a small one, dominated by a handful of firms of solicitors who have made a speciality of it, and by an even smaller number of specialist barristers, belonging to two or at the most three sets of chambers.
Regional Newspapers
Authors: Barendt Eric , Lustgarten Laurence , Norrie Kenneth , Stephenson Hugh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In contrast to national newspapers the principal research method for the regional press was a questionnaire, devised by us, but sent out on our behalf by the Newspaper Society and the Guild of Editors. We further interviewed some editors and assistant editors of particular newspapers in person or over the telephone. Our object was to ascertain the impact of defamation law on regional and local papers. In particular, we were interested to find out how this differed from that experienced by national news papers. Comparisons may also be drawn with the experience of magazines which have a national circulation, but which like many regional papers are issued weekly (or monthly). Our initial hypothesis was that the incidence of libel writs and complaints is much lower than it is in the case of the London papers, although we did not assume that, as a result, this area of law has less overall impact on the regional press.
Tax Law in and after the Wheatcroft Era*
Authors: Park Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
G.S.A. (Ash) Wheatcroft had a varied and consistently distinguished career during his working life. He was a practising solicitor for a number of years, having qualified in 1929; then a serving officer during the war and for a time after it; he returned to his solicitor’s practice for five or six years; then he became a Master of the Chancery Division and held that position from 1951 to 1959; in 1959 he became a Professor of English Law at the LSE, where he remained until 1968, becoming Professor Emeritus thereafter; then he was a director of life assurance companies until 1979; after that he lived mostly in retirement for the rest of his life. He died in December 1987.
Implementing the Uruguay Round
Authors: Jackson John H , Sykes Alan O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The importance of the issues raised by the WTO Agreement cannot be over-estimated. The completion of the Uruguay Round of negotiations has resulted in the creation of international agreements which themselves raise issues of great difficulty and importance in legal terms, and of practical importance for international trade in goods and services and for the entire field of intellectual property rights. This book, written by experts from throughout the world, examines the implementation of the GATT Agreement and its national and international legal and constitutional ramifications. There is a chapter on each major trading entity and selected other nations. Each of these chapters describes and analyses the important constitutional issues regarding the procedures for approving the Uruguay Round treaty agreements and implementing them in domestic law.
Canadian Implementation Of The Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization
Authors: Steger* Debra P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Canada, the negotiation and implementation of international economic agreements requires delicate collaboration between the federal and provincial levels of government. The federal government has the power to negotiate and sign international agreements on behalf of Canada. Indeed, it is the federal executive, and not Parliament; which has the authority to negotiate and conclude treaties. Within the last ten years, the federal government has developed an extensive, formal process for consultation and accommodation with the provincial governments and the private sector in the development of trade policy, including the negotiation and implementation of trade agreements. This is not decreed by the Constitution but results from the complex and fragile nature of Canadian federalism. The practice of federal-provincial relations in Canada is often characterized as the ‘politics of accommodation’.
State, Capitalism, and the Organization of Legal Counsel: Examining an Extreme Case—the Prussian Bar, 1700—1914
Authors: Rueschemeyer Dietrich 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is a historical sketch of the Prussian Bar spanning two centuries. Its analytic purpose is to explore how an authoritarian, modernizing state and a late-developing capitalist economy shaped the dispensation of legal counsel and how in response lawyers sought to restructure their professional organization, attempts that were part of a larger agenda of German liberalism. In a comparative perspective, Prussia is an extreme case. Yet extreme cases and their historical fate are analytically instructive.
Introduction
Authors: Kuper Jenny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lawyers and other professionals concerned with human rights, and particularly with children’s rights, may be congratulating themselves on international legal developments primarily in the years since World War IL However, the millions of people worldwide who are suffering from abuses of those rights, many in countries which officially support the post-War international legislation, could be forgiven for wondering (if news of these developments has reached them) whether indeed there is any cause for celebration. Nowhere is the contrast between lofty ideals, as enshrined in various instruments of international law, and reality more stark than in relation to child civilians embroiled in situations of armed conflict.
Treaty Law Of Armed Conflict And Related Instruments: The Protection of Civilians, and Use of Chemical Weapons
Authors: Kuper Jenny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The objective of the preceding chapter was to demonstrate that human rights principles form a significant part of the body of international law broadly applicable to child civilians in situations of armed conflict. This Chapter now outlines provisions in international humanitarian law concerning the treatment of civilians of all ages, and not those which explicitly refer to child civilians. It is important to summarise these general provisions of international humanitarian law since child civilians are entitled to protection under this body of law both as members of the civilian population as a whole (discussed here), and as a specific particularly vulnerable group within the civilian population (discussed in Chapter 4).
Monitoring, Implementation, and Enforcement of International Law Concerning Child Civilians
Authors: Kuper Jenny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chapters 2 to 5 above presented an overview of international human rights and humanitarian law relating to the treatment of child civilians in situations of armed conflict. Before examining the Iraqi conflicts for evidence of the impact of this body of law, this Chapter will look briefly at various organisations and legal mechanisms which have a role to play in its monitoring and/or implementation and/or enforcement.1 These include the Committee on the Rights of the Child; certain principal organs of the UN and other bodies operating under its aegis;; mechanisms for enforcing the laws of armed conflict; the ICRC; and relevant NGOs.
Indigenous Peoples, Environmental Degradation, and Human Rights: a Case Study
Authors: Fabra Adriana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The negative impacts of oil development operations in the rain forest on the Amazonian indigenous peoples of Ecuador, and on the Huaorani in particular, constitute a dramatic but clarifying example of the direct relationship between environmental degradation and human rights violations. From a legal perspective, examining the Huaorani case is an excellent exercise. It helps identify some of the most relevant means for protecting human rights and the environment, including the defence of a right to a healthy environment, and, by focusing on the situation experienced by the Huaorani, it also adds the crucial element of indigenous peoples’ rights to the human rights and environment discourse.
A New Criterion For The Admissibility Of Scientific Evidence?
Authors: Raitt* Fiona E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many legal systems, including those of the United States and the United Kingdom, have developed special rules for the admissibility of expert scientific opinion, one purpose of which is to control the quality of the science that is allowed into court. in recent decades there have been numerous calls to admit more science into the court-room.
Information and Privacy
Authors: Feldman David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sir David Williams has influenced public law for many years. From an early stage in his career, he took the subject seriously enough to subject it to rigorous analysis. This convinced many that the law of civil liberties was more than a more or less random collection of interferences with freedoms. His scholarly yet accessible works were concerned with principles without losing sight of the social and political setting which gives meaning to statutes and judgments. Sir David set a generation on the way to the realization that the Diceyan view of legal liberalism, namely that anything is permitted which is not forbidden, was an absence of principle masquerading as a principle. The international law of human rights has now come to be accepted as a normative framework for evaluating and developing municipal law.
Access to Justice
Authors: Parker Christine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rhetoric of access to justice (and the reform movement associated with it) has been bringing the demands of substantive justice to bear on discussions about the legal system and on legal services over the last thirty years. The access to justice movement is a multinational, reform oriented coalition of legal workers, government reformers, and law and society scholars. They share a common concern with making their national legal systems more accessible, and with the fact that legal processes do not necessarily lead to results that are individually or socially just.
The Statutory Regulation of Business Tenancies
Authors: Haley Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book provides a uniquely detailed examination of the statutory regime for the regulation of business tenancies. Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 is of central importance. The Act gives business tenants the general rights to remain in occupation, following up from the original lease, and to obtain a new lease. Meanwhile the landlord is entitled to a market rental income and, in certain prescribed circumstances, can override the tenant's claim for possession. The tenant who fails to obtain a new tenancy may be able to claim compensation for disturbance. Compensation for improvements, on quitting the premises, is available under Part I of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927. The book aims to provide a clear and in-depth analysis of the complex and technical workings of the 1927 and 1954 acts. It also offers a detailed and up-to-date consideration of case law, both reported and unreported. The policy factors which initially brought about the legislative controls, and continued to shape its development, are identified and prospective reforms discussed. The new Civil Procedure Rules are incorporated into the text. A comparison is drawn with the legislative code contained in the Northern Ireland (Business Tenancies) Order 1996.