bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphs without Large Complete
Minors are Quasi-Random
Authors: MYERS JOSEPH SAMUEL 
Published: October 2003

We answer a question of Sós by showing that, if a graph G of order n and density p
has no complete minor larger than would be found in a random graph G(n, p), then G is
quasi-random, provided either p > 0.45631 … or κ(G) [ges ] n(log log log n)/(log log n), where
0.45631 … is an explicit constant.The results proved can also be used to fill the gaps in an argument of Thomason,
describing the extremal graphs having no Kt minor for given t.
Oxcarbazepine: clinical experience with hospitalized psychiatric patients
Authors: Centorrino Franca , Albert Matthew J , Berry Judith M , Kelleher James P , Fellman Veronica , Line Gyorgy , Koukopoulos Alexia E , Kidwell Jennifer E , Fogarty Kate V , Baldessarini Ross J 
Published: October 2003

Background: Oxcarbazepine (10‐keto‐carbamazepine) appears to be better tolerated and simpler to use than carbamazepine. It has antimanic effects but, as its potential clinical usefulness and tolerability in broad samples of psychiatric patients remain to be tested, we reviewed both the pharmacology of oxcarbazepine and our early experience with this new agent among psychiatric inpatients.Methods: We reviewed medical records of all inpatients given oxcarbazepine in the first 15 months of its use at McLean Hospital. Data analyzed included dosing, presenting illnesses, other medications, clinical changes, and adverse effects.Results: Oxcarbazepine was given to 56 inpatients (1.3% of admissions; 31 women, 25 men) presenting with depression (n = 23), mania (n = 19), or psychosis (n = 14). The discharge daily dose for the 43 patients (76%) taking oxcarbazepine was 831 mg/day, 34% higher in men than women, and fell by 9 mg/year‐of‐age. Oxcarbazepine was the only putative mood‐stabilizing agent given at discharge in 19 of 43 cases (44%). It was discontinued in 20% of patients for apparent inefficacy, and 4% for adverse effects. Changes in CGI and GAF scores were similarly high across illnesses, and unrelated to days of use of oxcarbazepine or its dose.Conclusions: Oxcarbazepine was well tolerated and simpler to use clinically than its precursor carbamazepine. This agent should be studied in controlled trials to test its efficacy in specific types of major psychiatric disorders, and particularly for long‐term maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder.
Testing competing path models linking the biochemical variables in red blood cells from Li+‐treated bipolar patients
Authors: Williams Nicole , Layden Brian T , Suhy Joyce , Metreger Tabitha , Foley Kathleen , Abukhdeir Abde M , Borge George , Crayton John , Bryant Fred B , Mota de Freitas Duarte 
Published: October 2003

Objectives: Red blood cells (RBCs) from Li+‐treated bipolar patients have shown abnormalities in intracellular Li+ concentration ([Li+]i), Na+/Li+ exchange rates, and membrane phospholipid levels. Based on Li+‐loaded RBC studies, we hypothesized that Li+‐treated bipolar patients also have varied intracellular free Mg2+ concentrations ([Mg2+]f) as compared with normotensive patients. We addressed how these experimentally determined values are intercorrelated. Assuming that Li+ treatment alters these biochemical parameters, we provide hypothetical pathways based upon structural equation modeling statistics.Methods: In RBCs from 30 Li+‐treated bipolar patients, we determined [Li+]i, serum [Li+] ([Li+]e), Na+/Li+ exchange parameters, membrane phospholipid levels, [Mg2+]f, and Li+ membrane binding affinities. Comprehensive statistical analyses assessed correlations among the biochemical data. We used path analysis statistics to propose potential pathways in which the data were correlated.Results: We found significant correlations within the three Na+/Li+ exchange parameters and percentage composition of the membrane phospholipids. Additional correlations existed between [Mg2+]f and Vstd, Km, or phospholipid composition, between [Li+]i and percentage of phosphatidylcholine, and between percentage of phosphatidylserine and Km. Based on these findings, we hypothesized and statistically determined the most probable pathway through which these parameters were intercorrelated.Conclusions: Significant correlations existed between the biochemical parameters that describe the cell membrane abnormality and the Li+/Mg2+ competition hypotheses. Using path analysis statistics, we identified a biochemical pathway by which Li+ may assert its cellular effects. This study serves as an illustrative example how path analysis is a valuable tool in determining the direction of a certain biochemical pathway.
School achievements and schizophrenia: a case–control study
Authors: Helling I. , Öhman A. , Hultman C. M. 
Published: October 2003

Objective: To compare school performance during middle childhood and adolescence among subjects later diagnosed with schizophrenia and their peers.Method: School records were ascertained from archives in 76 acutely symptomatic schizophrenic patients and 146 controls matched for gender and graded by the same teachers.Results: At age 9, no differences in yearly graded school subjects were found. At 12, cases had higher marks in drawing/art and a tendency to excel in language and religion. At 15, the proficient performance in drawing/art remained, but cases performed worse than controls in gymnastics. The cases reported high frequency of school adaptation problems. Severity of psychotic symptoms at admission was associated with lower and declining marks.Conclusion: Schizophrenic patients seem to perform as well as their classmates in most subjects taught in compulsory basic school. Findings indicating specific talents in artistic ability and impairments in motor development need to be further investigated.
Psychotic disorder in a case with Hallervorden–Spatz disease
Authors: Öner Ö. , Öner P. , Deda G. , İçağasioğlu D. 
Published: October 2003

Objective: Hallervorden–Spatz disease is a rare autosomal recessive condition, with early onset of predominantly extrapyramidal dysfunction. The symptoms of the disease are dystonia, rigidity, choreoathetosis, pyramidal signs, and intellectual decline. Recent genetic studies mapped the disease to chromosome 20p12.3‐p13, and identified mutations in the pantothenate kinase gene. This report describes a childhood onset case of Hallervorden–Spatz disease with schizophreniform psychotic symptoms. Former reports about the psychiatric comorbidity generally included depressive disorder.Method: A single case report.Results: A 14‐year‐old boy with Hallervorden–Spatz disease presented a psychotic episode with prominent auditory hallucinations. Symptoms were relieved after neuroleptic treatment.Conclusion: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first published report of the disease with psychotic symptoms. The contribution of basal ganglia, with their wide projections, to the emergence of psychotic symptoms was discussed.
Attempted suicide among young people: risk factors in a prospective register based study of Danish children born in 1966
Authors: Christoffersen M. N. , Poulsen H. D. , Nielsen A. 
Published: October 2003

Objective: In order to prevent suicidal behaviour among adolescents and young adults it would be valuable to know if altering the conditions of their upbringing could reduce their suicidal behaviour. The study surveys possible risk factors.Method: Population‐based registers covering children born in Denmark in 1966 at the age span of 14–27 years and their parents for: health, education, family dissolution, suicidal behaviour, substance abuse, criminality and unemployment. A discrete‐time proportional hazard modelling was used to analyse the longitudinal observations.Results: First‐time suicide attempts were associated with parental psychiatric disorder, suicidal behaviour, violence, child abuse and neglect. Increased risks were also found among adolescents and young adults who suffered from psychiatric disorder or physical handicap, had been legally imprisoned, were addicted to drugs, or without graduation, vocational training or employment.Conclusion: Stigmatization, social exclusion, and mental disorders in the adolescents or young adults and parents increased risks for attempted suicide.
A suggested revision of the Ward Atmosphere Scale
Authors: Røssberg J. I. , Friis S. 
Published: October 2003

Objective: In a previous study, we have suggested a revision of the Anger/Aggression and the Spontaneity subscales. The main aim of this study was to re‐evaluate the psychometric properties of the other eight subscales of the Ward Atmosphere Scale.Method: A total of 550 patients and 822 staff members on 54 psychiatric wards for psychotic patients completed the WAS and the Good Milieu Index (GMI). We calculated Cronbach's α, the Corrected Item Total subscale Correlation, subscale intercorrelations and the correlation between subscales and GMI.Results: By removing a total of 16 items, the psychometric properties improved. The revised subscales had acceptable psychometrics and gave a clearer picture of the relationship between the perceived level of patient satisfaction and the WAS subscale scores.Conclusion: The revision suggested in this study ‘modernized’ several of the subscales. We suggest that this revision is implemented in the future use of the WAS.
Suicidal feelings run high among mothers in refugee camps: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Rahman A. , Hafeez A. 
Published: October 2003

Objective: To study levels of mental distress in a sample of Afghan mothers caring for children in two refugee camps in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan.Method: Cross‐sectional survey of 297 consecutive mothers with young children, attending primary care centres, using a psychiatric screening instrument, the Self‐Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ‐20).Results: One hundred and six (36%) of women in the sample screened positive for a common mental disorder. Ninety‐six (91%) of those screening positive had had suicidal thoughts in the previous month, and nine (8%) rated suicidal feeling as their topmost concern.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence and severity of mental distress in Afghan mothers caring for young children in refugee camps. This may have serious long‐term effects on the psychological and physical development of their children.
The Differential Effect of Injecting Estradiol‐17β, Testosterone, and Hydrocortisone During the Immune Adaptive Period on the Fertility of Female Mice
Authors: CHAPMAN JOHN C. , MIN SOOHONG , MICHAEL SANDRA D. , KUNAPORN SAICHOL , SHAH SAUREEN , KAIKI‐ASTARA ANASTASIA 
Published: October 2003

PROBLEM: Female mice injected with estradiol‐17β (E2) and testosterone during the immune adaptive period are infertile as adults. Study 1 examined the effect of the day of injection of E2 and testosterone on the incidence of infertility in two strains of mice. Study 2 examined the effect of hydrocortisone on E2‐induced infertility.
METHOD OF STUDY: Study 1: Neonatal (C57BL/6J×A/J)F1 B6A and (C3H/HeJ×129J)F1 C31 female mice were injected from 0 to 3 and from 3 to 6 days of age with either 20 μg E2 or 20 μg testosterone. Animals were tested for fertility by mating with fertile males. Study 2: Neonatal B6A females were injected with 20 μg E2 with/without 1000 μg hydrocortisone on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. At adulthood, ovaries were examined for the presence of corpora lutea (CLs).
RESULTS: Study 1: The incidence of E2‐induced infertility in adult B6A and C31 females decreased over three consecutive matings. In contrast, the incidence of testosterone‐induced infertility in adult B6A and C31 females increased. E2 caused the highest incidence of infertility in C31 females when injected prior to 3 days of age. In B6A mice, E2 caused the highest incidence of infertility when injected after 3 days of age. Study 2: When hydrocortisone was injected with E2, 90% of the B6A females had ovaries with CLs at 100 days of age. Without hydrocortisone, only 16% of the B6A females injected with E2 had ovaries with CLs.
CONCLUSION: Study 1: The incidence of infertility caused by injections of E2 is dependent on the strain of mice and the day(s) injected. The incidence of infertility caused by injections of testosterone is independent of the strain of mice. Study 2: Hydrocortisone prevents E2‐induced infertility.
It is proposed that injections of E2 during the immune adaptive period alter T‐cell maturation, which contributes to E2‐induced infertility.
Different Antiphospholipid Antibody Specificities are Found in Association with Early Repeated Pregnancy Loss Versus Recurrent IVF‐Failure Patients
Authors: MATSUBAYASHI HIDEHIKO , SUGI TOSHITAKA , ARAI TADASHI , KONDO AKANE , SUZUKI TAKAHIRO , IZUMI SHUN‐ICHIRO , MAKINO TSUNEHISA , McINTYRE JOHN A. 
Published: October 2003

PROBLEM: Patients having in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) failures show an increased incidence of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies; but controversy exists whether aPL can induce IVF‐failure. This study was designed to compare aPL specificities between recurrent IVF‐failure patients versus repeated early pregnancy loss (RPL) patients.
METHOD OF STUDY: Anticardiolipin (aCL), lupus anticoagulant (LA), antiphosphatidylserine (aPS), antiphosphatidylethanolamine (aPE), and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were measured in 74 recurrent IVF‐ET failure patients and compared with 273 early RPL patients (<10 weeks).
RESULTS: An increased incidence of IgG‐aPE and ANA was observed for both groups in comparison with controls. Patients with recurrent IVF‐ET failure showed a significantly higher prevalence of IgG‐aPS (P=0.02) and IgG‐aCL (P=0.02) when compared with early RPL patients or controls.  CONCLUSIONS: IgG‐aPS and IgG‐aCL may be responsible for some IVF‐failures. Additional studies are needed to clarify the pathogenic role of IgG‐aPS and IgG‐aCL on IVF‐ET failure.
Women's choice in the gender and ethnicity of her obstetrician and gynaecologist
Authors: Ekeroma Alec , Harillal Mahesh 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjective: To ascertain women's preferences in the gender and ethnicity of her obstetrician or gynaecologist and to determine whether there were differences in preferences among different ethnic and age groups.Study design: A simple 11‐item questionnaire was placed at the antenatal and gynaecological clinics provided by South Auckland Health. The questionnaire was voluntary and 848 women completed the questionnaire over a 4‐month period.Results: Half of the women preferred a woman doctor and the other half had no preference. There was a 6% increase in preference for a woman doctor where an examination was required. Of the women who preferred a female doctor, 45% would change their preference if a chaperone were present. There was no disproportionate increase in preference for a woman doctor by the patient's ethnicity or age group. Most of the women did not think the ethnicity of her doctor mattered; however, 18% preferred the ethnicity of her doctor be similar to hers. There were more European women who preferred a European doctor and fewer Maori women would prefer a Maori doctor. Of the 9% of women who did not prefer a doctor of the same ethnicity to hers, Pacific Island women were over‐represented.Conclusion: This is the first study of this nature in New Zealand and the findings on preference for a female doctor are similar to those from other countries. The results of the present study did not show any difference in preference by women from the ethnicities studied and by age group. The use of a chaperone where a male doctor suggests an examination will reassure nearly half of those women who preferred a female doctor. Although most women did not think the ethnicity of her doctor mattered, there were distinct differences by ethnicity with more European women preferring a European doctor and fewer Maori women preferring a Maori doctor. A qualitative study is needed to ascertain reasons for these differences in preference.
Hysteroscopy under general anaesthesia, a near painless procedure
Authors: Tong Stephen , Zachariah Rebecca , Chua Boon Ghee , Vollenhoven Beverley 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAnecdotally, hysteroscopy and curettage under general anaesthesia causes crampy postoperative pain. A randomised, double‐blind trial to investigate whether intrauterine lignocaine could decrease such pain was initiated by us. At an interim analysis, the results of the study found that almost half of all women studied so far (n = 53) were completely painfree from the moment they awoke with no difference between placebo and treatment groups. Of the remainder, most rated pain as either ‘mild’, or less. For most women, hysteroscopy, dilatation and curettage causes either none or very little pain postoperatively.
Ultrasound detection of the Essure permanent birth control device: A case series
Authors: Teoh Mark , Meagher Simon , Kovacs Gabor 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackground:  The current recommendation to check the position of the Essure permanent birth control (PBC) micro‐insert device after its insertion is by abdominal X‐ray 3 months after insertion. We propose that ultrasound imaging is more suited for this purpose and gives reassurance much earlier. The sonographic appearance of the micro‐inserts and the reliability of this modality in localising the devices is described in the present study.Objective:  To ascertain the appearance of the Essure PBC device at transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound scanning and to determine the reliability of this approach in localising the contraceptive device.Study population and methods:  All patients who had the Essure PBC procedure between June 2002 and January 2003 at our centre were offered an ultrasound scan to check device position.Results:  The micro‐inserts were easily distinguished by their echogenic coil‐like appearance within each uterine cornua extending into the proximal fallopian tube. Of the 15 patients examined, 14 pairs of devices were seen: one device was malpositioned in the lower part of the uterus. In one patient, only one device was seen in the correct position but the other device was not identified and presumably expelled after a notably difficult insertion.Discussion:  Ultrasound appears to be well suited for micro‐insert localisation. An early post insertion ultrasound scan is recommended to reassure about correct positioning of device and may potentially alleviate patient anxiety, or diagnose malposition early.
Role of fertility treatments in multiple pregnancy at National Women's Hospital from 1996 to 2001
Authors: Bolton Patricia , Yamashita Yoshiki , Farquhar Cynthia M 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjective: To determine the influence of fertility treatments on multiple pregnancy rates.Study Design: A retrospective audit of women with multiple pregnancies from 1996 to 2001 at National Women's Hospital (NWH), Auckland, New Zealand was conducted. Information was collected regarding the demographics, fertility treatment, outcome of the pregnancy and complications experienced by women discharged with multiple births as an discharge diagnosis.Results: For the years 1996–2001 there were 1136 multiple births at NWH. Of these births, 201 (18%) were conceived following fertility treatment. Seventeen percent of twin births and 44% of triplet births were conceived following fertility treatment. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of births conceived following fertility treatment, from 9% in 1996 to 24% in 2001, although the proportion of births that were multiple overall did not change (2% in 1996 and 2.3% in 2001). Sixty‐three percent of all fertility conceived multiple births were following in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment. Sixty percent of these women had two embryos transferred and 31% had three embryos transferred. Ovulation induction with follicle‐stimulating hormone accounted for 19% of all fertility conceived multiple births. Nineteen percent of fertility conceived multiple births followed clomiphene treatment alone.Conclusions: The proportion of multiple pregnancies as a result of fertility treatments has increased over the 6 years studied.
Should obstetricians support a ‘term cephalic trial’?
Authors: Robson Stephen , Ellwood David 
Published: October 2003

AbstractRecent analyses of the published data suggest that the risks of elective Caesarean delivery in an uncomplicated pregnancy may not outweigh the benefits of vaginal birth by as much as has been supposed. Indeed, this balance may be so close that the place of elective Caesarean delivery of a term cephalic baby might be considered as a worthwhile subject of a randomised controlled trial. We discuss the potential consequences of such a trial and what effect it could have on obstetric practice.
Replacement of one selected embryo is just as successful as two embryo transfer, without the risk of twin pregnancy
Authors: Kovacs Gab , MacLachlan Vivien , Rombauts Luk , Healy David , Howlett Donna 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe transition of in vitro fertilization from research to standard clinical practice has, to a great extent, been as a result of the use of controlled ovarian hyper stimulation. A disadvantage of the availability of multiple embryos has been the replacement of several embryos leading to an epidemic of multiple pregnancies. This retrospective review of 2606 fresh embryo transfers between 2001 and 2003, where either one or two selected embryos were replaced from an available cohort of at least four, shows that single embryo transfers have a similar pregnancy rate without the risk of multiple pregnancy.
Prevention, Promotion or Just Survival? A Consumer's Perspective
Authors: Ellis Gaynor 
Published: October 2003

Objective: Drawing on recent Australian research into the lives of people experiencing major mental illness, this paper presents a consumer perspective on the failure of current mental health policy and practice in addressing the broader social determinants of health that impact upon and influence consumer recovery. Despite this, some basic ‘grassroots’ achievements by consumer and service providers in a regional city, almost devoid of nontreatment services, are detailed as examples of what is possible at a local level. Conclusions: The third National Mental Health Strategy requires a focus on the provision of greater community support for consumers, including increased support for consumer initiatives, the non-government sector, and rehabilitation programs. Mental health policy and practice needs to address the social determinants of health.