bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a potential tool for differentiating between abdominal fluid collections
Authors: Burn Paul R. , Haider Masoom A. , Alfuhaid Turki , Brown M. Peter , Roberts Timothy P.L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPurposeTo determine the utility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in distinguishing abdominal fluid types.Materials and MethodsAbdominal fluid samples were obtained from patients undergoing therapeutic percutaneous drainage. In vitro spectroscopy was performed using a 1.5‐T scanner and a head coil. Single voxel spectra were obtained using a point resolved spin‐echo sequence with water suppression (TR/TE 2000 msec/35 msec). The peak pattern for each sample was examined and the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) estimated (ratio of tallest peak to noise at <0 ppm).ResultsThirty‐five samples were analyzed: purulent collection (eight), serosanguinous collection (eight), non‐chylous ascites (six), chylous ascites (one), bile (seven), and bile with iodinated contrast media (five). The mean SNR of the dominant peak was: purulent collection, 12.7; serosanguinous collection, 3.2; non‐chylous ascites, 2.4; chylous ascites, 8.8; bile, 1.4; and bile with contrast media, 60.8. Pus samples had a broad based peak pattern with continuous signal of >1.5 ppm width situated within the range 0.2–2.5 ppm, not found in other samples. Chylous ascites (one sample) had a distinctive peak at 1.2 ppm. Bile with contrast had three peaks at 3.5/3.6, 2.6, and 2.1 ppm. No other patterns were found to be discriminatory. Common non‐specific patterns seen included a bifid peak at 1.1–1.3 ppm and a broad based peak situated between 3 and 4 ppm.ConclusionsThe H1 spectra of purulent fluid has a higher SNR than common non‐purulent abdominal fluids and a distinct broad based peak pattern from 0.2–2.5 ppm. Proton spectroscopy may be a useful tool for distinguishing purulent from non‐purulent intra‐abdominal collections. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:740–744. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A panel of repeat markers for detection of microsatellite instability in murine tumors
Authors: Kabbarah Omar , Ann Mallon Mary , Pfeifer John D. , Edelmann Winfried , Kucherlapati Raju , Goodfellow Paul J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA substantial fraction of human malignancies lack functional DNA mismatch repair (MMR), accumulate mutations at high frequency, and exhibit microsatellite instability (MSI). In order to distinguish between MMR‐competent and MMR‐deficient malignancies, a consensus panel of microsatellite repeats has been adopted for MSI analysis of human tumors. There is no reference panel of repeats for MSI typing of murine malignancies. In this study, we present six new microsatellite repeat markers for MSI typing of mouse tumors. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified tumor DNA from MMR‐deficient and ‐proficient mice on denaturing polyacrylamide gels revealed that the new panel of microsatellites was more sensitive in detecting MSI than six commonly used CAn repeats. Using the new set of microsatellite markers, we demonstrated the presence of MSI in endometrial carcinoma and cancer precursors from diethylstilbestrol (DES)‐treated mice, pointing to a possible role for loss of MMR in hormonally promoted endometrial tumorigenesis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TP53 is frequently altered by methylation, mutation, and/or deletion in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Agirre Xabier , Novo Francisco J. , Calasanz María J. , Larráyoz María J. , Lahortiga Idoya , Valgañón Mikel , García‐Delgado Marina , Vizmanos José L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDifferent mechanisms, such as chromosomal rearrangements, deletions, mutations, and methylation/demethylation of the promoter regions of genes, have been shown to be involved in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). These genetic and epigenetic alterations lead to the activation of protooncogenes or to inactivation of tumour supressor genes promoting cell proliferation. One of the most frequently inactivated tumour supressor genes is TP53, which is altered in 50% of human tumours. In this study, we have analysed: (1) the complete coding region, all intron‐exon junctions and noncoding regions of exons 1–11 of TP53 by lexon‐DGGE; (2) the methylation status of the 5′ region of TP53 and (3) the deletion of one or both alleles of the gene by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in 57 ALL patients. Using these techniques, we have found promoter methylation in 32% of the cases, missense mutations in 8.8%, and deletion of one allele in 7.5% of the samples, with TP53 being altered in 40% of the ALL samples studied in this series. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Young‐ versus older‐onset Parkinson's disease: Impact of disease and psychosocial consequences
Authors: Schrag Anette , Hovris Anna , Morley David , Quinn Niall , Jahanshahi Marjan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe effect of Parkinson's disease (PD) on young patients' lives is likely to differ from that in older patients. For this study, 75 patients with onset of PD before the age of 50 and 66 patients with later onset completed a booklet of questionnaires on demographic and clinical variables, quality of life, and psychosocial factors. Apart from a higher rate of treatment‐related dyskinesias in the younger onset group, the two groups did not differ in self‐reported disease severity or disability. A higher percentage of young‐onset patients was unemployed due to disability or had retired early. Quality of life as measured on the PDQ‐39 was significantly worse in young‐onset patients than in older‐onset patients. Young‐onset patients also had worse scores on the stigma and marital satisfaction scales, and were depressed more frequently. Differences between the two groups in their most commonly employed coping strategies and in terms of their satisfaction with emotional support did not reach significance. We conclude that young‐onset patients more frequently experience loss of employment, disruption of family life, greater perceived stigmatization, and depression than do older‐onset patients with PD. In addition to more severe treatment‐related motor complications, social and psychosocial factors may contribute to greater impairment of quality of life in young patients with PD. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Pilot study of effect of emotional stimuli on tic severity in children with Tourette's syndrome
Authors: Wood Beatrice L. , Klebba Kendra , Gbadebo Olufowbi , Lichter David , Kurlan Roger , Miller Bruce 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo assess objectively the effects of emotional stimuli on the severity of tics and to determine if such effects were mediated by the autonomic nervous system, we carried out videotape ratings of tics and electrophysiological monitoring of heart beat and respiration on 4 children with Tourette's syndrome while they were watching a movie known to elicit emotional responses relevant to normal childhood events. Measured tic severity was highest during periods associated with anticipation, resolution of emotional changes, and lower concentration, lowest during periods of anger and happiness, and intermediate during periods of sadness and fear. Tic severity did not correlate with heart or respiratory rate. Thus, tics seem influenced differentially by various emotional states, but this effect does not seem to be autonomically mediated. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Ring current and steric effects on 1H chemical shifts of Ru coordinated 2,2′‐bipyridyls
Authors: Brownstein Sydney , Zhou Ming 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRing current and proximity effects may be responsible for both low‐ and high‐frequency shifts of the aromatic protons of Ru coordinated bipyridyls according to the different geometries depending on whether two or three bipyridyls are coordinated. Copyright © 2003 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lumbosacral radiculopathy following radiofrequency ablation therapy
Authors: Coskun D. Jim , Gilchrist James , Dupuy Damian 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a treatment modality for several types of malignancies and vascular malformations. Only limited information is available on neurologic complications following RFA. We report three cases of acute lumbosacral radiculopathy after abdominal RFA, in two of which electrophysiologic studies were performed. All three patients had significant spontaneous clinical improvement. We suggest the underlying cause was partial axonopathy due to thermal injury, but with a good prognosis. Muscle Nerve 28: 754–756, 2003
Laryngeal electromyography: An evidence‐based review
Authors:   AAEM Laryngeal EMG Task Force
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis article reports on an evidence‐based review of laryngeal electromyography (EMG) as a technique for use in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of laryngeal movement disorders including the laryngeal dystonias, vocal fold paralysis, and other neurolaryngological disorders. The authors performed a systematic review of the medical literature from 1944 through 2001 on the clinical application of EMG to laryngeal disorders. Thirty‐three of the 584 articles met the predefined inclusion criteria. The evidence demonstrated that in a double‐blind treatment trial of botulinum toxin versus saline, laryngeal EMG used to guide injections into the thyroarytenoid muscle in persons with adductor spasmodic dysphonia was beneficial. A cross‐over comparison between laryngeal EMG‐guided injection and endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in abductor spasmodic dysphonia found no significant difference between the two techniques and no significant treatment benefit. Based on the evidence, laryngeal EMG is possibly useful for the injection of botulinum toxin into the thyroarytenoid muscle in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia. There were no evidence‐based data sufficient to support or refute the value of laryngeal EMG for the other uses investigated, although there is extensive anecdotal literature suggesting that it is useful for each of them. There is an urgent need for evidence‐based research addressing the use of laryngeal EMG for other applications. Muscle Nerve 28: 767–772, 2003
Quantiﬁcation of tagitinin C in Tithonia diversifolia by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Gofﬁn Eric , da Cunha Antonio Proença , Ziemons Eric , Tits Monique , Angenot Luc , Frederich Michel 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA simple, rapid and reliable reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tagitinin C, an anti‐plasmodial sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the aerial parts of Tithonia diversifolia, has been developed. The assay has been used to quantify tagitinin C in various extracts of the aerial parts of T. diversifolia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ductus venosus assessment at the time of nuchal translucency measurement in the detection of fetal aneuploidy
Authors: Borrell Antoni , Martinez Josep M. , Serés Agustí , Borobio Virginia , Cararach Vicenç , Fortuny Albert 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the potential value of ductus venosus Doppler studies in the detection of fetal aneuploidy on measurement of nuchal translucency.MethodsThe pulsatility index for veins (PIV) and the lowest velocity during atrial contraction (A‐wave) were determined in the fetal ductus venosus in 3382 consecutive pregnancies at 10 to 14 weeks and studied from December 1996 to December 2001. Nuchal translucency was also measured. The population studied included 1664 pregnancies at high risk and 1718 at low risk for fetal aneuploidy.ResultsIn relation to the prenatal detection of trisomy 21, the ductus venosus PIV was increased in 75% (36/48), the A‐wave was decreased in 58% (28/48), and nuchal translucency was enlarged in 81% (39/48) of the trisomy 21 fetuses [71% (22/31) when nuchal translucency referrals were excluded]. The corresponding figures for trisomies 18 and 13 were 71, 58 and 83%, respectively, being 33, 33 and 33% for other unbalanced anomalies.ConclusionThere is a high proportion of fetuses with trisomies 21, 18 and 13 (around 75%) in which the ductus venosus PIV is increased (above the 95th percentile) at 10 to 14 weeks, this proportion being similar to that observed for increased nuchal translucency measurement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal serum alpha‐fetoprotein in alloimmunised pregnancies
Authors: Bartha Jose L. , Harrison Gayle , Kyle Phillipa M. , Soothill Peter W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectivesMaternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels have been known to be increased in red blood cell alloimmunisation. Since AFP is now thought be a pro‐erythropoietic factor, we wished to evaluate fetal serum levels of AFP in cases of alloimmunised pregnancies.MethodsWe studied AFP levels in 32 fetal serum samples from women with red blood cell alloimmunisation at the time of the first fetal blood sampling. We expressed the levels of AFP and haemoglobin as absolute numbers and as delta values (number of SDs by which the observed value differed from the normal mean for the same gestation). Main outcome measures were fetal serum AFP levels and fetal haemoglobin concentration.ResultsOverall, fetal AFP level was higher than normal in the cases (delta values 2.4 ± 5.5 SD). However, mildly affected non‐hydropic cases had higher levels than severely affected fetuses with hydrops.ConclusionsFetuses affected by red blood cell alloimmunisation have increased levels of serum AFP but these levels fall back to low levels in severe anaemia especially with hydrops, which could represent the failing of a compensatory erythropoietic mechanism. Our results suggest that fetal haematopoiesis is activated early in red blood cell alloimmunisation but was subsequently impaired. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ICT implementation: what makes the difference?
Authors: Tearle Penni 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of why some schools have managed to introduce widespread use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) into teaching and learning across the curriculum, where other schools have had much less “success” in this matter. The issue is addressed through interpretive, case study research in a UK secondary school where almost all staff are now using ICT to enhance and extend learning in their subject areas. After setting the context, a summary of the methods used and an overview of the findings are presented. Whilst some of the findings are specific to the context, it is suggested that much can be learnt from the single case, both by practitioners seeking to develop ICT use and researchers interested in taking the subject forward in other contexts.
Scaling the Socioeconomic Ladder: Low‐Income Women's Perceptions of Class Status and Opportunity
Authors: Bullock Heather E. , Limbert Wendy M. 
Published: November 2003

This study examined how 69 low‐income women enrolled in an educational training program perceived social class and upward mobility. Participants identified their social class during childhood, their current status, and their anticipated post graduate status. Beliefs about income inequality and attributions for wealth and poverty were also assessed. Respondents expected to achieve middle class status and perceived higher education as a route to upward mobility, although the accessibility of post‐secondary programs was questioned. Consistent with previous research involving low‐income groups (Bullock, 1999; Kluegel & Smith, 1986), structural attributions for poverty and wealth were favored over individualistic causes. Also, respondents perceived income inequality as unjust. The construction of class identity and implications for class‐based mobilization are discussed.
It [the American dream] means the opportunity to go as far in life as your abilities will take you. Anyone in America can aspire to be a doctor, a teacher, a police officer or even, as Oprah said, a President. But you can't get any of those important jobs if you don't have the opportunity to acquire the skills you need … . And that's why I believe that the key to the American Dream is education.—————Former President George Herbert Walker Bush, 1997
Social Class in Public Schools
Authors: Hochschild Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2003

This article shows the pattern of socioeconomic class differences in schooling outcomes and indicates some of the causes for those differences that lie within the public realm. Those causes include “nested inequalities” across boundaries of states, school districts, schools within a district, classes within a school, and sometimes separation within a class. In addition, urban public schools demonstrate a particular set of problems that generate differential schooling outcomes by economic class. The article also demonstrates ways in which class biases are closely entwined with racial and ethnic inequities. It concludes with the broad outlines of what would be necessary to reduce class (and racial) disparities in American public schools.
The American dream will succeed or fail in the 21st century in direct proportion to our commitment to educate every person in the United States of America.      —President Bill Clinton, 1995 (Clinton, 1995: 617)

There is no greater test of our national responsibility than the quality of the education we provide.   —Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore, 2000 (Gore, 2000)

Both parties have been talking about education for quite a while. It's time to come together to get it done, so that we can truthfully say in America: No child will be left behind.        —President George W. Bush, 2001 (Bush, 2001)
Anaesthesia for lung volume reduction surgery
Authors: Hillier J. , Gillbe C. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryLung volume reduction surgery is a surgical treatment for severe emphysema that is increasing in popularity. The aim is to reverse the hyperexpansion of the lungs that leads to expiratory airflow limitation, compromises the diaphragm and chest wall mechanics, and tamponades the right ventricle. Optimal patient selection has not yet been established, but it has become clear that those patients with the most severe disease have an unacceptably high surgical mortality. The anaesthetic management of patients undergoing lung volume reduction surgery requires a good understanding of both the pathophysiology of the disease and the surgical procedure. It is important for the anaesthetist and the surgeon to work closely, supported by a large multidisciplinary team. Excellent analgesia is essential to a successful outcome; whether this is best provided by thoracic epidural is as yet unclear.
Effect of postoperative skin‐surface warming on oxygen consumption and the shivering threshold*
Authors: Alfonsi P. , Nourredine K. E. A. , Adam F. , Chauvin M. , Sessler D. I. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryCutaneous warming is reportedly an effective treatment for shivering during epidural and after general anaesthesia. We quantified the efficacy of cutaneous warming as a treatment for shivering. Unwarmed surgical patients (final intra‐operative core temperatures ∼ 35 °C) were randomly assigned to be covered with a blanket (n = 9) or full‐body forced‐air cover (n = 9). Shivering was evaluated clinically and by oxygen consumption. Forced‐air heating increased mean‐skin temperature (mean (SD) 35.7 °C (0.4) vs. 33.2 °C (0.8); p < 0.0001) and lowered core temperature at the shivering threshold (35.7 °C (0.2) vs. 36.4 °C(0.2); p < 0.0001). Active warming improved thermal comfort and significantly reduced oxygen consumption from 9.7 (4.4) ml.min−1.kg−1 to 5.6 (1.9) ml.min−1.kg−1(p = 0.038). However, the duration of shivering was similar in the unwarmed (37 min (11)) and active warming (36 min (10)) groups. Core temperature contributed about four times as much as skin temperature to control of shivering. Cutaneous warming improved thermal comfort and reduced metabolic stress in postoperative patients, but did not quickly obliterate shivering.
Lipid production in natural phytoplankton communities in a small freshwater Baltic lake, Lake Schöhsee, Germany
Authors: RAI HAKUMAT , ARTS MICHAEL , WAINMAN B.C. , DOCKAL N. , KRAMBECK H.J. 
Published: November 2003

1. Seasonal patterns in lipid production and the photosynthetic parameters describing lipid production in Lake Schöhsee (a small freshwater, mono‐dimictic and moderately eutrophic North German Baltic lake) were determined.2. The mean lipid fraction of C fixation (LIP‐FCF) was 13.2% (range 7.6–21%), measured bimonthly from January to December 1995. Periods of high nutrient concentration, low temperatures and particular species of algae (diatoms and/or cryptophytes), were associated with the highest LIP‐FCF values.3. None of the static indicators of nutrient status [dissolved nitrate, soluble reactive silica (SRS); C/N or N/P] are apparently related to the allocation of carbon to lipid in Lake Schöhsee.4. The light saturation parameters (Ik : Ik‐LIP) indicated that carbon fixation into lipid was saturated at much lower light than that of total carbon fixation. This suggested that carbon fixation into lipid was more light efficient than total carbon fixation.5. The relative allocation of carbohydrate and protein was related to daylength and temperature, respectively.
Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli deliver a novel effector called Cif, which blocks cell cycle G2/M transition
Authors: Marchès Olivier , Ledger Terence Neil , Boury Michèle , Ohara Masaru , Tu Xuanlin , Goffaux Frédéric , Mainil Jacques , Rosenshine Ilan , Sugai Motoyuki , De Rycke Jean , Oswald Eric 
Published: November 2003

SummaryEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are closely related pathogens. Both use a type III secretion system (TTSS) encoded by the ‘locus of enterocyte effacement’ (LEE) to subvert and attach to epithelial cells through the injection of a repertoire of effector molecules. Here, we report the identification of a new TTSS translocated effector molecule called Cif, which blocks cell cycle G2/M transition and induces the formation of stress fibres through the recruitment of focal adhesions. Cif is not encoded by the LEE but by a lambdoid prophage present in EPEC and EHEC. A cif mutant causes localized effacement of microvilli and intimately attaches to the host cell surface, but is defective in the ability to block mitosis. When expressed in TTSS competent LEE‐positive pathogens, Cif is injected into the infected epithelial cells. These cells arrested at the G2/M phase displayed accumulation of inactive phosphorylated Cdk1. In conclusion, Cif is a new member of a growing family of bacterial cyclomodulins that subvert the host eukaryotic cell cycle.
BARRIERS TO MANAGING MENTAL HEALTH IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Sweeney Pam , Kisely Stephen 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTObjective: To explore the views of community‐care and mental health workers on barriers to the management of mental health problems in rural Western Australia, and how these could be addressed.Design: Qualitative content analysis of semi‐structured interviews.Setting: Community and mental health services in Esperance.Subjects: One hundred per cent of relevant mental health workers, 86% of community health professionals and representatives from a wide range of community organisations were interviewed (n =38).Main outcome measures: The views of community‐care and mental health workers on barriers to the management of mental health, and how these could be addressed.Results: Barriers included confusion about the role of mental health services, limited after‐hours access and help for those in situational crisis, communication problems between services, differences in working practices and difficulties in dealing with the stigma of mental illness in rural communities. Suggested solutions were an expansion of counselling services and multi‐agency shared care with clinical streams for adults, those aged > 65 and children.Conclusion: This study revealed a number of barriers that are being addressed through a memorandum of understanding between services.