bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo strain measurements from hardware and lamina during spine fusion
Authors: Szivek John A. , Roberto Rolando F. , Margolis David S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCurrently, spine fusion is determined using radiography and clinical evaluation. There are discrepancies between radiographic evidence and direct measurements of fusion, such as operative exploration and biomechanical or histological measurements. In order to facilitate the rapid return of patients to normal activities, a monitoring technique to accurately detect fusion in vivo and to prevent overload during the postoperative period would be useful. The objectives of this study were to develop an implantable monitoring system consisting of CPC‐coated strain gauges and a radio transmitter to detect the onset of fusion and measure strain during postsurgical activities. A patient underwent anterior release and fusion, followed by posterior instrumentation and fusion with segmental spinal instrumentation. Four strain gauges were placed during surgery. One was attached to the left‐side rod and one to each of the lamina at T9, T10, and T11. An externally powered implanted radio transmitter attached to the gauges was placed in a subcutaneous pouch. Strains were monitored weekly and tabulated during various activities for 7 months. Peak strains during twisting and bending were tabulated to detect the onset of fusion. Strains were also recorded during activities such as climbing off an examination table, rising from a chair, and climbing stairs. Strains collected from the left rod indicated that, immediately postoperatively, it was loaded at acceptable levels. The largest and most consistent strain changes measured from the lamina were recorded during twisting. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Assembly of bone marrow stromal cell sheets with knitted poly (L‐lactide) scaffold for engineering ligament analogs
Authors: Ouyang Hong Wei , Toh Siew Lok , Goh James , Tay Tong Earn , Moe Kyaw 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe current cell seeding technique has several disadvantages, such as low efficiency of cell attachment to scaffolds and the limited strength of cell–gel composite adhesion to scaffold. These problems warrant further study to improve the assembly of cell to scaffold. Therefore this study aims to fabricate a bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) sheet and assemble it on a knitted poly (L‐lactide) (PLLA) scaffold for engineering ligament analogs. bMSCs were cultured to form a cell sheet in the presence of ascorbic acid. Once a sheet of bMSCs was obtained, it was assembled onto the knitted scaffold by a wrapping technique. Then the assembled structure was held in place in a spinner flask for 4 weeks. The macromorphology, histology, and biomechanics of the grafts were evaluated. The composite of cell sheet/PLLA scaffold constructs had transformed into tissuelike ligament analogs. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the components of the analogs were similar to that of ligament tissues, consisting primarily of collagen type I and small amount of collagen type III and tenascin. The failure force of the cell/scaffold assembly under tension (46.68 ± 2.29 N) was higher than that of the scaffold group (43.58 ± 2.41 N; p < 0.05), but tensile stiffness of the cell/scaffold group (20.6 ± 1.417 N/mm) was significantly lower than that of the scaffold group (27.6 ± 1.449 N/mm; p < 0.05). These data showed that the incorporation of bMSCs sheet onto the PLLA scaffold could make the analog stronger and more stretchable. Therefore the approach of assembling bMSCs sheet onto knitted PLLA scaffold is promising for producing tissuelike and functional ligament analogs under dynamic fluid situation for the purpose of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Evaluation of bone healing enhancement by lyophilized bone grafts supplemented with platelet gel: A standardized methodology in patients with tibial osteotomy for genu varus
Authors: Savarino L. , Cenni E. , Tarabusi C. , Dallari D. , Stagni C. , Cenacchi A. , Fornasari P. M. , Giunti A. , Baldini N. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOrthopedic practice may be adversely affected by an inadequate bone repair that might compromise the success of surgery. In recent years, new approaches have been sought to improve bone healing by accelerating the rate of new bone formation and the maturation of the matrix. There is currently great interest in procedures involving the use of platelet gel (PG) to improve tissue healing, with satisfactory results both in vitro and in maxillofacial surgery. Otherwise, to our knowledge, only a preliminary clinical study was undertaken in the orthopedic field [Kitoh et al., Bone 2004;35:892–898] and the efficacy of PG is still controversial. Our paper focuses on the effect on bone regeneration by adding PG to lyophilized bone chips used for orthopedic applications. The clinical model and the laboratory methodology were standardized. As a clinical model, we employed the first series of patients of a randomized case‐control study undergoing high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for genu varus. Ten subjects were enrolled: in 5 patients lyophilized bone chips supplemented with PG were inserted during tibial osteotomy (group A); 5 patients were used as a control (group B) and lyophilized bone chips without gel were applied. Forty‐five days after surgery, computed tomography scan guided biopsies of grafted areas were obtained and the bone maturation was evaluated by a standardized methodology: the osteogenic and angiogenic processes were semi‐quantitatively characterized by using histomorphometry, and the mineral component of the lyophilized and host bone was analyzed by using X‐ray diffraction technique with sample microfocusing and microradiography. Lyophilized bone with PG seems to accelerate the healing process, as shown by new vessel formation and deposition of newly formed bone, with no evidence of inflammatory cell infiltrate, when compared with lyophilized bone without gel. On the contrary, lyophilized bone undergo a resorption process, and a fibrous tissue often fills the spaces between chips. A histiocytic/giant‐cell reaction is sometimes present. Otherwise, no differences have been found concerning microstructure. Our findings show the reliability of the methodology used to monitor early bone repair. The completion of the study and the evaluation of the ultimate clinical outcome are necessary in order to verify PG in vivo effects in orthopedic surgery. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Maximizing the experiences of an extrarelational affair: An unconventional approach to a common social convention
Authors: Linquist Luann , Negy Charles 
Published: September 2005

AbstractExtrarelational affairs persist throughout the United States despite prevailing social proscriptions against them. In this article, we argue that psychotherapy stands to benefit from its neighboring discipline, anthropology, by adopting a nonjudgmental, neutral position toward this ubiquitous human phenomenon. Two case studies are presented that exemplify how affairs can occur while minimizing the harm done to the marital couple and maximizing the benefits to the extrarelational couple. We consider the conceptualization of the couples' motives for pursuing an affair, as well as the challenges, treatment directions, and the outcome of the affair. We advocate that clients would be better served by therapists maintaining a relatively objective, neutral stance toward client behavior, rather than judging them in accordance with moral values that may not be shared by the clients. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1421–1428, 2005.
Origination and innovation in the vertebrate limb skeleton: an epigenetic perspective
Authors: Newman Stuart A. , Müller Gerd B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe vertebrate limb has provided evolutionary and developmental biologists with grist for theory and experiment for at least a century. Its most salient features are its pattern of discrete skeletal elements, the general proximodistal increase in element number as development proceeds, and the individualization of size and shape of the elements in line with functional requirements. Despite increased knowledge of molecular changes during limb development, however, the mechanisms for origination and innovation of the vertebrate limb pattern are still uncertain. We suggest that the bauplan of the limb is based on an interplay of genetic and epigenetic processes; in particular, the self‐organizing properties of precartilage mesenchymal tissue are proposed to provide the basis for its ability to generate regularly spaced nodules and rods of cartilage. We provide an experimentally based “core” set of cellular and molecular processes in limb mesenchyme that, under realistic conditions, exhibit the requisite self‐organizing behavior for pattern origination. We describe simulations that show that under limb bud‐like geometries the core mechanism gives rise to skeletons with authentic proximodistal spatiotemporal organization. Finally, we propose that evolution refines skeletal templates generated by this process by mobilizing accessory molecular and biomechanical regulatory processes to shape the developing limb and its individual elements. Morphological innovation may take place when such modulatory processes exceed a threshold defined by the dynamics of the skeletogenic system and elements are added or lost.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 306B, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolutionary innovations in the fossil record: the intersection of ecology, development, and macroevolution
Authors: Jablonski David 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe origins of evolutionary innovations have been intensively studied, but relatively little is known about their large‐scale ecological patterns. For post‐Paleozoic benthic marine invertebrates, which have the richest and most densely sampled fossil record, order‐level taxa tend to appear first in onshore, disturbed habitats, even in groups that are now exclusively deep‐water (so that present‐day distributions are not reliable indicators of original environments). New results presented here show that the onshore‐origination pattern is robust to shifts in taxonomic methods and to new paleontological discoveries, and the few available studies suggest that this pattern can also be seen in terms of excursions in morphospace or the acquisition of derived character states, without reference to taxonomic categories. The environmental pattern at high levels contrasts significantly with the origin of low‐level novelties (such as defined genera and families) in crinoids, echinoids, and bryozoans, where first appearances tend to conform to their clade‐specific bathymetric diversity gradients. This discordance seems to eliminate potential driving mechanisms that simply scale up within‐population genetic or ecological processes. Little is known about the factors that promote the onshore–offshore expansion of orders across the continental shelf, or that drive some clades to abandon ancestral habitats for an exclusively deep‐water distribution. The origin of evolutionary innovation must ultimately reside in developmental changes, but the onshore‐origination bias could emerge from two different dynamics: the pattern could be primarily genetic and developmental, i.e., innovations truly arise onshore; or primarily ecological, i.e., innovations arise randomly but preferentially survive onshore. Whatever the ultimate driving mechanisms, these macroevolutionary patterns show that theories of large‐scale evolutionary novelty must include an ecological dimension.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 304B, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localized COSY and DQF‐COSY 1H‐MRS sequences for investigating human tibial bone marrow in vivo and initial application to patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Prescot Andrew P. , Dzik‐ Jurasz Andrzej S.K. , Leach Martin O. , Sirohi Bhawna , Powles Ray , Collins David J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo develop 2D 1H‐MRS measurement sequences for the evaluation of bone marrow lipids, and to assess these measurement sequences in healthy and diseased bone marrow.Materials and MethodsSingle‐voxel localized variants of COSY and DQF‐COSY 2D 1H‐MRS sequences were developed for use at 1.5 T to investigate the biochemical composition of human bone marrow in vivo. The performance of each sequence was initially tested in vitro using lipid phantoms. An unsaturated lipid proton index was developed to interrogate the degree of unsaturation within the triacylglyceride (TAG) acyl chains. Localized 2D 1H‐MRS data were obtained from the bone marrow of healthy controls (N = 6), patients presenting with acute leukemia (N = 6) and patients with acute leukemia in remission (N = 4).ResultsThe COSY and DQF‐COSY data recorded from all subject cohorts were similar, and the unsaturated lipid proton index did not reveal significant differences between patient groups. Variations in water content and measured relaxation times showed minor differences between the measurement groups.ConclusionsNo significant differences were observed in the spectra obtained from bone marrow using the 2D 1H‐MRS sequences. A novel unsaturated lipid proton index was developed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI findings in Dyggve‐Melchior‐Clausen syndrome, a rare spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Carbonell Pedro Gutiérrez , Fernández Pedro Doménech , Vicente‐Franqueira Javier Roca 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe present the case of an 8‐year‐old female patient with bone dysplasia as part of Dyggve‐Melchior‐Clausen syndrome (DMCS). MRI was used to evaluate the case. In the spine, odontoid apophysis aplasia was found with no ossification nucleus, vertebrae with central hump, disk protrusions, hypertrophy of the posterior common vertebral ligament, and hidden spina bifida at the S4 level. Morphological anomalies were found in the hips both in the proximal femoral epiphysis, which was located excentrically and laterally to the femoral neck, and in the Y‐cartilage, which was greatly enlarged. In the knees, anterior crossed ligaments were not seen, although there were some indirect signs that indicated congenital absence, including hypoplasia of the femoral trochlea and the intercondylar notch. There was bilateral medial patellar plicae and asymmetry in the height of the distal femoral and proximal tibial physes, as well as dysplasia of the facets of the patella. In comparison with radiography, MRI provides a much clearer definition of the aspects of bone dysplasia that are related to DMCS, including morphological changes in the soft tissue and cartilage of the spine, hips, and knees. MRI can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and evolution of deformities. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grading of CNS neoplasms using continuous arterial spin labeled perfusion MR imaging at 3 Tesla
Authors: Wolf Ronald L. , Wang Jiongjiong , Wang Sumei , Melhem Elias R. , O'Rourke Donald M. , Judy Kevin D. , Detre John A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo differentiate glioma grade based on blood flow measured using continuous arterial spin labeled (CASL) perfusion MRI, implemented at 3 Tesla for improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and spin labeling effect.Materials and MethodsCASL perfusion images were obtained preoperatively in 26 patients with brain neoplasms (19 high‐grade gliomas (HGGs; WHO grades 3 and 4) and seven low‐grade gliomas (LGGs; WHO grades 1 and 2)). The mean and maximum tumor blood flow (TBF and TBFmax) were calculated in the neoplasm, including surrounding infiltrating tumor vs. edema. Measures normalized to global CBF (nTBF and nTBFmax) were also obtained.ResultsNormalized measures of TBFmax provided the best distinction between HGG and LGG groups (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.01). Seventeen of 19 HGGs showed nTBFmax > 1.0, and 15 of 19 showed nTBFmax > 1.3. Four of seven LGGs showed nTBFmax < 1.0, and six of seven showed nTBFmax < 1.3. Absolute TBFmax also differed significantly between the HGG and LGG groups (P = 0.04). TBFmax in 11 of 17 HGGs was >50 mL/100 g/min (mean ± SD = 94.9 ± 71.7 mL/100 g/min). All but one LGGs showed TBFmax ≤ 50 mL/100 g/min (mean ± SD = 42.8 ± 22.0 mL/100 g/min).ConclusionCASL perfusion MRI provides a quantitative, noninvasive alternative to dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR methods for evaluating gliomas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison between blood oxygenation level‐dependent and cerebral blood volume contrast in the rat cerebral and cerebellar somatosensoric cortex during electrical paw stimulation
Authors: Van Camp Nadja , Peeters Ronald R. , Van der Linden Annemie 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo implement and optimize cerebral blood volume (CBV)‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the rat cerebral and cerebellar cortex during electrical paw stimulation.Materials and MethodsfMRI of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex was performed during electrical paw stimulation on a 7‐T MRI system (MRRS, Guilford, UK) comparing the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) and CBV‐weighted contrast with different ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO) contrast doses (NC100150, 30 mg Fe/mL; Amersham Health, Oslo, Norway) and different TE.ResultsDoses of 15 and 20 mg/kg USPIO at TE = T or TE = 14 msec almost doubled the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of the activated areas in the cerebral cortex without affecting the overall signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) or the incidence of activation (100%). In the cerebellum the SNR decreased significantly with an increasing contrast dose. At a dose of 15 mg/kg, the CNR was slightly smaller than the CNR measured in the BOLD images, but the activation incidence seemed to be doubled. At 20 mg/kg, the CNR was slightly increased, but the activation incidence was lower. At both contrast doses the venous artifacts disappeared.ConclusionA USPIO contrast dose of 20 mg/kg proved to be beneficial for fMRI in the rat, even though it affected the CNR and SNR in the cerebral and the cerebellar cortex differentially. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progression of multiple system atrophy (MSA): A prospective natural history study by the European MSA Study Group (EMSA SG)
Authors: Geser Felix , Wenning Gregor K. , Seppi Klaus , Stampfer‐Kountchev Michaela , Scherfler Christoph , Sawires Martin , Frick Carolin , Ndayisaba Jean‐Pierre , Ulmer Hanno , Pellecchia Maria T. , Barone Paolo , Kim Hee T. , Hooker Juzar , Quinn Niall P. , Cardozo Adriana , Tolosa Eduardo , Abele Michael , Klockgether Thomas , Østergaard Karen , Dupont Erik , Schimke Nicole , Eggert Karla M. , Oertel Wolfgang , Djaldetti Ruth , Poewe Werner ,   the European MSA Study Group
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe disease‐specific Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) has been developed recently and validated for assessing disease severity in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Here, we aimed at (1) assessing rates of disease progression in MSA and (2) validating UMSARS for sensitivity to change over time. Impairment was assessed at two time points 12 months apart using UMSARS Part I (historical review), UMSARS Part II (motor examination), as well as measures of global disease severity, including UMSARS Part IV, Hoehn and Yahr (HY) Parkinson's disease staging, Schwab England Activities of Daily Living (SE ADL), and a three‐point global Severity Scale (SS3). Fifty patients (male:female ratio, 1:0.9; possible MSA, 16%; probable MSA, 84%; MSA‐parkinsonian, 58%; MSA‐cerebellar, 42%) were assessed twice with an interval of 12.3 months. UMSARS II scores progressed by 57.3% (P < 0.0001) and UMSARS I scores by 35.6% (P < 0.0001) in relation to the respective baseline scores with no differences between motor subtypes, diagnostic categories and gender. Significant inverse correlations between (1) UMSARS I or UMSARS II progression and (2) baseline disability measures (i.e., the respective UMSARS or SS3 scores) and disease duration were found. Furthermore, the increases in HY staging, SE ADL and SS3 correlated significantly with UMSARS I, UMSARS II, and UMSARS IV progression. This report is the first prospective study showing rapid annual UMSARS rates of decline in MSA. Our data contribute to the ongoing validation process of UMSARS, and they facilitate the planning and implementation of future neuroprotective intervention trials. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Co‐occurrence of restless legs syndrome and Parkin mutations in two families
Authors: Adel Susanna , Djarmati Ana , Kabakci Kemal , Pichler Irene , Eskelson Cordula , Lohnau Thora , Kock Norman , Hagenah Johann , Hedrich Katja , Schwinger Eberhard , Kramer Patricia L. , Pramstaller Peter P. , Klein Christine 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRecent studies have suggested an association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We present a large multigenerational family and a smaller family with RLS. A Parkin mutation was found in 10 of 20 patients from both families with idiopathic RLS but was not considered causative. The clinical phenotype did not differ between RLS patients with and without a Parkin mutation. Inheritance of RLS was consistent with autosomal dominant transmission, and linkage analysis excluded all three known loci for RLS. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Sporadic rapid‐onset dystonia–parkinsonism presenting as Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kamphuis Daan J. , Koelman Hans , Lees Andrew J. , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report on a 38‐year‐old patient with rapid‐onset dystonia–parkinsonism (RDP) with a missense mutation in the Na/K‐ATPase α3 subunit (ATP1A3). Asymmetrical parkinsonian symptoms evolved over a year. After a stable episode of another 2.5 years, overnight he developed oromandibular dystonia and more severe parkinsonian symptoms. We conclude that RDP should be considered as a rare cause of levodopa‐unresponsive parkinsonism even if there is no family history and the classic presentation is lacking. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Posturographic analysis of balance control in patients with essential tremor
Authors: Bove Marco , Marinelli Lucio , Avanzino Laura , Marchese Roberta , Abbruzzese Giovanni 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder causing an important functional disability. ET is generally regarded as a monosymptomatic disorder, but additional signs may be present. We analyzed postural sway in 19 patients with classic ET and in 19 sex‐ and age‐matched normal controls (NC) to uncover possible abnormalities of balance control. Static posturography was performed with eyes open (EO) and closed during quiet stance and during performance of mental calculation or motor sequence of thumb opposition to the other fingers. No significant differences of center of foot pressure (COP) parameters were observed between patients and controls during quiet standing. Visual deprivation induced a similar worsening of postural sway in both groups. Concomitant performance of a cognitive or motor task did not affect COP area, whereas COP path was significantly modified by the cognitive task in both groups. In all EO conditions, the COP path was significantly lower in NC than in ET, but such offset was related only to the group of ET patients with head tremor. This study demonstrates that balance control is only minimally affected in ET, although patients with head involvement and longer disease duration tend to present a reduced postural stability. The “dual‐task effect” is less important in ET than in Parkinson's disease patients. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society