bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation the spectral reflectivity of Baghdad city for different bands using R.S and GIS techniques on December 2021
Authors: Hassan Eman S. , Hasson Ahmed F. , Khanjer Ebtesam F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rapid advancement of remote sensing technology in recent years has made it easier to observe and study the Earth’s surface with greater precision. Satellite remote sensors have poor spatial accuracy and cannot provide accurate details of targets on the Earth’s surface. As a result, spectral accuracy is required to determine target details such as water, vegetation and soil types. Because of the differences in spectral reflectivity, these materials can be distinguished. The amount of randomly incident sunlight scattered on the Earth’s surface at a given wavelength is reflected in spectral reflection with different wavelengths. The amount of light reflected on the Earth’s surface varies, the spectral reflectivity is defined as the ratio of the spectral intensity of the reflected light to the incident light. In this study, 51 locations in downtown Baghdad were chosen for four different types of land cover (water bodies, farms, open areas, and residential areas), and their spectral reflectance was calculated on three different bands (RED, NIR and SWIR) for December 2021. The spectral reflectance was calculated using a mathematical equation using Sentinel 2 satellite images that had been processed and analyzed.
Study of the Deterioration in the Vegetation Cover of Al-Amiriya Region in Baghdad Province by using PCA equation on the Satellite Image
Authors: Hamdi Halah Qahtan , Sabeeh Al-Hassany Gheidaa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the decrease in vegetation cover in Al-Amiriya from 2007 to 2020. Using two Landsat satellite multispectral images and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) with a classification technique, the overall vegetation cover in the city was determined. Results show a decrease in overall green land when comparing the two images. The ArcMap-GIS program was used to conduct the study, and the results showed that the overall vegetation cover ratio had decreased from 32.53% in 2007 to 31.29% in 2020. This means that there has been a decrease in vegetation cover over the past 13 years. It is important to note that this could be a sign of environmental degradation and increased human development in the area, and should be taken into consideration when developing strategies to protect the environment.
First and Second-Order Polynomial Transformation for satellite image correction
Authors: Hamdi Halah Qahtan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The absence of ground control points (GCPs) in historical declassified intelligence satellite photography (DISP) images, as well as satellite orbit parameters, and camera interior and exterior orientation parameters, necessitated the creation of a first-order 1st polynomial equation model and a second-order 2nd polynomial equation model for orthorectification purposes. The Mosul region of northwest Iraq was used as a case study, with data from Satellite 7 released on April 15, 1999. The study achieved an RMS of approximately 2.1 x 10−8 and the error ratio was considered acceptable due to the 30-meter resolution of the satellite image.
Toward the Safe City Index Development: Infrastructure Security Indicators
Authors: Al-Hilli Ammar Mohammed Abdulmajeed , Al-Alwan Hoda A. S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cities all over the world are suffering from various and multiple problems and crises that are estimated to increase if there are no practical and realistic solutions that reflect the real needs of the city. These solutions should be able to predict future challenges, despite the cities’ struggle to improve and enhance their economic, social, environmental, and security goals besides the strategies necessary to achieve them. Accordingly, many concepts have emerged to find solutions that help cities to overcome the challenges they face. Among these are the concepts of the resilient city, the safe city, the smart city, etc. Each concept has established its own index that provided a vision of how to solve problems and face challenges and crises in order to develop the city. Nevertheless, big gaps have appeared in cities with the spread of unpredicted challenges and threats inside them,. Accordingly, the cities’ authorities and local communities are obligated to comprehend how their cities are performing, where advancement is being made, or where failure appears in their systems after-shocks. The research seeks to develop the “infrastructure security pillar” within the safe city index, in particular. This is achieved through a thorough reviewing and crisscrossing of the infrastructure indicators in the safe, resilient, and smart city indexes. The research concludes subdivisions to the infrastructure security pillar presented by Ecosystem, Transportation, Energy, Water & sewage, Disasters & threats, and Security system. Each has its own extracted indicators based on the intersection of existing ones, as well as the modification and addition of others. This development helps to achieve integration between the prevailing concepts towards a safer city performance. This development can be used to assess safety parameters in existing cities.
Evaluation of Sustainable Spatial Suitability of Urban and Population Expansion in Al Hillah City Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Saud Saif S. , Abdullah Sundus A. , Hashim Bassim Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study focused on explaining urban expansion and sustainable development of urban land and explaining the role of population expansion in Al Hillah city, Al Hillah city in the center of Babylion Governorate located. The study relied on analyzing the population data of the city of Al Hillah for a period of time (22 years) for the period (2000-2022). This data was analyzed and its role in planning and designing residential areas and neighborhoods in the Al Hillah city was analyzed based on the standards of urban planning and sustainable growth of cities. Landsat 5TM was used in the investigation, Landsat 8OLI satellite data to retrieve the NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI. The findings showed that between 2000 and 2022, urban and population growth increased, and the gradual disappearance of green lands and agricultural during these years as a result of poor planning, and this will lead to the elimination of green and agricultural areas. Urban areas are established quickly, as population pressure leads to the elimination of agricultural lands, In addition to the high temperatures, which led to changing livelihoods, affecting green lands as well, and increasing urban expansion at high rates. The recent results are useful for planning, management and sustainable development of the urban areas. There was a pressing need to make the right choice in this situation, and while it didn’t help to solve the full issue, it did help to address a significant portion of it by rerouting this growth and arranging it away from agricultural regions in order to protect future generations.
Sustainable Urban Distribution of Educational Institutions and Population Density in Baghdad City Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Abdullah Sundus A. , Abbas Khalid H. , Harif Alaa H. , Alaa R.F. , Hiba S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Urban planning include the creation of strategies as well as the management of metro regions, municipalities, and cities. In this study, the importance of applications of remote sensing and GIS in urban planning will be studied. The distribution of educational destitution cases in cities will be considered. A study area (Baghdad city) will be adopted, and the spatial analysis of the distribution will be according to population densities. In this study, the focus was on the importance of the sustainable distribution of urban educational institutions and the spatial appropriateness of this distribution according to the study areas and the available information. Distribution maps were prepared according to the densities for the number of schools and population densities, and tables were also prepared for the age density of students as well as the preparations of teachers in these areas that were adopted in this study. The data collection was based on the GIS atlas. The spatial analysis will be done to illustrate and measure the correction coefficient between the numbers of schools teaches centers in the adopted area. The results showed that some areas of Karkh and Rusafa have sufficient numbers of schools, while others suffer from a lack of such schools. These areas were mapped based on spatial analysis data, and a proposed map was drawn for educational institutions such as schools of all kinds (secondary, middle, and primary). The proposed school distribution map will be done according to population density. After stowing and performing a spatial analysis of the distribution of education institutions in the study area and collecting data on population densities, we suggest a new spatial distribution by adding the numbers of other schools that fit with the need, population density, and number of students.
Sustainability of the Tigris River Between Environmental Conditions and Oppressive Quarrying in Northern Iraq
Authors: Al-Jawadi Azealdeen S. , Al-Abbasi Mohammed W. , Al Jubouri Khalaf K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the impact of sand and gravel quarries on the morphological environment of the Tigris River in northern Iraq. The adverse effects of successive stages of human modification and variations in river morphology concerning width and depth have been demonstrated. The construction of the Mosul Dam, which prevented sediments from the high mountains of northern Iraq and southeast Turkey from reaching this region, was one of the reasons for this study. Aerial photographs and satellite image data were compared for several separate years to clarify the great changes that occurred in the river and its edges, especially in the past few years, which witnessed the extraction of large quantities in unstudied ways that led to the expansion of the course and a decrease in the speed of the river. These results led to an increase in water swamps on the banks of the river, the growth of bushes, algae, reeds, and the spread of insects, as well as the excessive consumption of river sediments that cannot be replaced in the future. The study suggested some recommendations to make a well-thought-out extraction plan from the engineering, geological and geotechnical aspects to reduce the harmful environmental effects and sustain the river for future generations.
Monitoring the Land surface temperature LST with different seasons for Babylon City using GIS and R.S techniques
Authors: Al-Edhari Ghazwan A. , Al-Sadooni Ameerah Ab. , Khanjer Ebtesam F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper is based on the Sentinel-2 satellite data: the thermal, red, and NIR bands. The Babylon city was chosen in this study for different reasons: its location in the middle of Iraq and it represents the largest capitals of the Mesopotamia civilization in the word. The Land Surface Temperature (LST) was determined using a method that incorporates remote sensing, geographic information systems, and statistics. This process has made it possible to monitor the relationship between land usage and the land surface temperature for four seasons in the year 2021. The mapswere processed and analyzed by using ArcGIS software. Five maps of the LST were constructed. Each map represents different season, however, two maps in summer was introduced because it represents the longest and more effective season in Iraq. In these maps, the lowest LST appears in the water bodies and vegetative area while the arid areas showhighest values. From the results, the mechanical, military, industrial, transport and road enterprises have a significant influence on the exterior of earth temperature particular in center city where the high temperatures in contrast to the areas that include water bodies or agricultural activity.
Microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of Mg1.8Y0.2Ni1−yCoy (y = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) alloys
Authors: Defa Li , Huang Feng , Ren Bingzhi , Wang Shujie , Zhang Wei , Zhu Liming 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Mg1.8Y0.2Ni1−yCoy (y = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared following the principles of metallurgy, the phase composition and microstructure of the alloys were studied using XRD and SEM/EDS techniques, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of the alloys were studied using PCT and DSC techniques. The results showed that the addition of Co did not affect the phase composition of Mg1.8Y0.2Ni1−yCoy alloys in the as-cast state and after hydrogen absorption. The Co addition could help refine the microstructure of the alloys to a certain extent. The de-/hydrogenation kinetics of Mg1.8Y0.2Ni1−yCoy (y = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) alloys were improved by adding Co, and the best results were obtained at y = 0.1. The onset decomposition temperature of Mg1.8Y0.2Ni1−yCoy (y = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) alloys were recorded to be 180 °C, 156 °C, and 210 °C, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of Mg2Ni (253 °C). The results revealed that the addition Co could improve the thermodynamic performance of the dehydrogenation process.
Effect of surface grinding on the microstructure and corrosion of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys
Authors: Kang Minglong , Zhou Li , Deng Yunlai , Lei Jinqin , Guo Xiaobin , Jiang Yong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Surface treatment has shown strong effects on the corrosion resistance of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys. To elucidate the surface grinding effects, a set of the peak-aged Al-Mg-Si-Cu samples are ground using SiC papers with different grits, and the ground surface microstructure and corrosion performance are investigated. The results show that grinding generates a deformed near-surface layer. The deformed layer is characterized by nanocrystalline and the alloying element Cu segregates at nano-grained boundaries. The Cu segregation bands increase the available cathode area and the potential difference between the grain boundary and grain interior, which enhances the microgalvanic corrosion effect between the phase α-AlFeSi (Mn, Cu) and the adjacent matrix. As the SiC paper grit number decreased from 1200 to 80, the Cu segregation bands of the deformed layers increases from 600 to 1600 nm, the corresponding corrosion current density increases from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 22.8 ± 0.7 μA.cm−2, and the corrosion potential decreases from −742 ± 13.1 to −791 ± 15.0 mV (versus SCE).
Assessing the measurement properties of life-space mobility measures in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Kuspinar Ayse , Mehdipour Ava , Beauchamp Marla K , Hao Qiukui , Cino Emily , Mikton Christopher , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Diaz Theresa , Raina Parminder 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Preserving and enhancing mobility is an important part of healthy ageing. Life-space mobility is a construct that captures actual mobility within the home and the community. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesise the measurement properties and interpretability of scores produced by life-space mobility measures in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
This systematic review followed Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). Multiple databases were searched to identify potentially relevant articles. Data extraction and assessment of methodological quality was conducted by two independent reviewers. When possible, results were quantitatively pooled for each measurement property. If studies could not be combined quantitatively, then findings were summarised qualitatively using means and percentage of confirmed hypothesis. Synthesised results were assessed against the COSMIN criteria for good measurement properties.

Results
A total of 21 full text articles were included in the review. The University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (LSA) was the most evaluated life-space mobility measure. The LSA demonstrated content validity, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.80–0.92), reliability [intra-class correlation value 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 0.94)] and convergent validity with measures of physical function in community-dwelling older adults.

Conclusion
This systematic review summarised the measurement properties of life-space mobility measures in community-dwelling older adults following COSMIN guidelines. The LSA has been translated into multiple languages and has sufficient measurement properties for assessing life-space mobility among community-dwelling older adults.
Measures of attributes of locomotor capacity in older people: a systematic literature review following the COSMIN methodology
Authors: Honvo Germain , Sabico Shaun , Veronese Nicola , Bruyère Olivier , Rizzoli René , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Mikton Christopher , Diaz Theresa , Cooper Cyrus , Reginster Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Locomotor capacity (LC) is an important domain of intrinsic capacity and key determinant of functional ability and well-being in older age. The United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021–2030) calls for strengthening data and research on healthy ageing, including the measurement of older persons' LC. To advance the measurement and monitoring of LC, there is pressing need to identify valid and reliable measures.

Objective
To identify all the available tools that were validated for measurement of LC or of its specific attributes in older people and to assess the methodological quality of the studies and measurement properties of the tools.

Design
Systematic review.

Setting
Anywhere (Community-dwelling; long-term care facility; etc.)

Subjects
Older people.

Methods
We used highly sensitive search strategies to search the following databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The study was conducted following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology for systematic review of outcome measurement instruments.

Results
A total of 125 studies were included, which assessed tools for balance (n = 84), muscle power (n = 12), muscle strength (n = 32, including four studies about tools for balance and muscle power) and endurance (n = 1). No studies on tools for muscle function, joint function, or locomotor capacity overall, were retrieved. We identified 69 clinician-report or objective assessment tools for balance, 30 for muscle strength, 12 for muscle power and 1 endurance assessment tool. The GRADE assessment of quality of evidence showed that only a few tools have high quality evidence for both sufficient validity and reliability: The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.

Conclusions
A few tools with high quality evidence for sufficient validity and reliability are currently available for balance assessment in older people that may be recommended for use in clinical and research settings. Further validation studies are required for muscle strength, muscle power and endurance assessment tools.
Measurement properties of instruments to measure the fatigue domain of vitality capacity in community-dwelling older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: Knoop Veerle , Mathot Emelyn , Louter Francis , Beckwee David , Mikton Christopher , Diaz Theresa , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Bautmans Ivan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Vitality capacity (VC) is a key domain of intrinsic capacity (IC) and is the underlying biophysiological aspect of IC. Energy and metabolism (E&M) is one of the domains of VC. Fatigue is one of the main characteristics of E&M.

Objective
The aims of this umbrella review are (i) to identify the available instruments suitable for measuring fatigue in community-dwelling older adults and (ii) to critically review the measurement properties of the identified instruments.

Design
Umbrella review.

Setting
Healthcare.

Subjects
Community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
PubMed and Web of Knowledge were systematically screened for systematic reviews and meta-analysis reporting on fatigue instruments resulting in 2,263 articles (last search 5 December 2022). The COSMIN checklist was used to appraise psychometric properties and the AMSTAR for assessing methodological quality. Data on fatigue instruments, construct, reference period, assessment method, validated population, reliability, validity, responsiveness and predictive validity on negative health outcomes were extracted.

Results
10 systematic reviews and 1 meta-analysis were included in this study. 70 fatigue instruments were identified in the literature and 21 were originally designed for fatigue. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) and Visual Analogue scale (VAS-F), Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue (FACIT-F) presented good psychometric properties.

Conclusions
The FSS, FIS, FACIT-F, PFS and the VAS-F presented good psychometric properties in various conditions. Therefore, these instruments could be used to quantify trajectories in the domain E&M in the context of VC in community-dwelling older adults.
Prognostic role of the log odds of positive lymph nodes in Western patients with resected gastric cancer: A comparison with the 8th edition of the TNM staging system
Authors: Díaz del Arco Cristina , Estrada Muñoz Lourdes , Sánchez Pernaute Andrés , Ortega Medina Luis , García Gómez de las Heras Soledad , García Martínez Ricardo , Fernández Aceñero María Jesús 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Several alternative lymph node staging systems have recently been described for gastric cancer. The log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) system may be superior to the pN stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer) and lymph node ratio systems in predicting outcomes for patients with gastric cancers, as indicated by some researchers. Most studies, however, have been conducted in Asian countries, and conflicting results have been reported by other investigators.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of all 377 cases of gastric cancer resected at a tertiary hospital in Spain between 2000 and 2019. Clinicopathologic features were collected, LODDS were calculated and categorized into 5 groups (S1-S5), and statistical analysis was performed.

Results
The cases included (n = 315) were classified as S1 (25.6%), S2 (18.4%), S3 (21.3%), S4 (20.3%), and S5 (14.4%). The LODDS classification was significantly associated with tumor size, Laurén subtype, presence of signet ring cells, tumor grade, perineural infiltration, lymphovascular invasion, growth pattern, pT, tumor recurrence, and death. Kaplan-Meier analysis based on the LODDS classification demonstrated improved patient stratification compared with the pN stage for both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Area under the curve values for recurrence and death were superior for the LODDS classification, and this classification was independently related to OS and DFS. In addition, the LODDS classification successfully divided patients without lymph node metastases (pN0) into subgroups with distinct prognoses.

Conclusions
For our cohort, the LODDS system showed better prognostic performance than pN stage; it was an independent predictor of OS and DFS, and it provided valuable prognostic information in cases without lymph node metastases. Its prognostic accuracy, however, decreased in cases with fewer than 16 lymph nodes resected.