bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Considerations for the Production of Hydrogen via Steam Reforming of Oxygenated Gases from Biomass Pyrolysis and Other Conversion Processes
Authors: Dutta Abhijit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 2021, average CO2 emissions was 9.7 g CO2/g H2 produced, primarily based on steam methane reforming (SMR) technology that currently dominates hydrogen production. The substitution of natural gas (NG) and other fossil feedstocks in SMRs with renewable gases may be considered as an option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This analysis explores process impacts and constraints associated with the potential introduction of biogenic gases into SMRs. The results indicate that replacing NG in the fuel train of the SMR, followed by partial replacement of NG in the feed train may be a feasible approach. For the CO‐ and CO2‐rich gas compositions assumed in this analysis the results indicate that feed train may accommodate up to 25 mole % of biogenic gases using allowances in existing designs and/or with small modifications, while maintaining similar hydrogen output. NG substitution in higher proportions require more major changes because of increased flow rates and heat exchange requirements in the system. Biogenic gases with lower CO2 and higher calorific values are advantageous for NG substitution, and dry reforming using the CO2 present in the feed gas can reduce steam consumption and increase process efficiency within limits where coking does not become a new constraint.
A Ubiquitin‐Dependent Switch on MEF2D Senses Pro‐Metastatic Niche Signals to Facilitate Intrahepatic Metastasis of Liver Cancer
Authors: Xiang Junyu , Zhang Ni , Du Aibei , Li Jinyang , Luo Mengyun , Wang Yuzhu , Liu Meng , Yang Luming , Li Xianfeng , Wang Lin , Liu Qin , Chen Dongfeng , Wang Tao , Bian Xiu‐wu , Qin Zhong‐yi , Su Li , Wen Liangzhi , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective treatment for metastasis, a leading cause of cancer‐associated death, is still lacking. To seed on a distal organ, disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) must adapt to the local tissue microenvironment. However, it remains elusive how DCCs respond the pro‐metastatic niche signals. Here, systemic motif‐enrichment identified myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) as a critical sensor of niche signals to regulate DCCs adhesion and colonization, leading to intrahepatic metastasis and recurrence of liver cancer. In this context, MEF2D transactivates Itgb1 (coding β1‐integrin) and Itgb4 (coding β4‐integrin) to execute temporally unique functions, where ITGB1 recognizes extracellular matrix for early seeding, and ITGB4 acts as a novel sensor of neutrophil extracellular traps‐DNA (NETs‐DNA) for subsequent chemotaxis and colonization. In turn, an integrin‐FAK circuit promotes a phosphorylation‐dependent USP14‐orchastrated deubiquitination switch to stabilize MEF2D via circumventing degradation by the E3‐ubiquitin‐ligase MDM2. Clinically, the USP14(pS432)‐MEF2D‐ITGB1/4 feedback loop is often hyper‐active and indicative of inferior outcomes in human malignancies, while its blockade abrogated intrahepatic metastasis of DCCs. Together, DCCs exploit a deubiquitination‐dependent switch on MEF2D to integrate niche signals in the liver mesenchyme, thereby amplifying the pro‐metastatic integrin‐FAK signaling. Disruption of this feedback loop is clinically applicable with fast‐track potential to block microenvironmental cues driving metastasis.
Spiking Neurons with Neural Dynamics Implemented Using Stochastic Memristors
Authors: Song Lekai , Liu Pengyu , Pei Jingfang , Bai Fan , Liu Yang , Liu Songwei , Wen Yingyi , Ng Leonard W. T. , Pun Kong‐Pang , Gao Shuo , Meng Max Q.‐H. , Hasan Tawfique , Hu Guohua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImplementing and integrating spiking neurons for neuromorphic hardware realization conforming to spiking neural networks holds great promise in enabling efficient learning and decision‐making. The spiking neurons, however, may lack the spiking dynamics to encode the dynamical information in complex real‐world problems. Herein, using filamentary memristors from solution‐processed hexagonal boron nitride, this study assembles leaky integrate‐and‐fire spiking neurons and, particularly, harnesses the common switching stochasticity feature in the memristors to allow key neural dynamics, including Poisson‐like spiking and adaptation. The neurons, with the dynamics fitted via hardware‐algorithm codesign, suggest a potential in realizing spike‐based neuromorphic hardware capable of handling complex problems. Simulation of an autoencoder for anomaly detection of time‐series real analog and digital data from physical systems is demonstrated, underscoring its promising prospect in applications, especially, at the edges with limited computation resources, for instance, auto‐pilot, manufacturing, wearables, and Internet of things.
Disclosing dual manufacturers on private brands: Does it change quality and image perception between national and private label brands?
Authors: Pérez‐Santamaría Samanta , Martos‐Partal Mercedes 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDual manufacturers produce both their own brands and private label brands (PLs). Disclosing these manufacturers on PL packaging might exert quality and brand image effects, which could influence the perception differentials between national brands (NBs) and PLs. An experiment identifies moderating effects for these differentials, according to the NB image positioning (high and low) and the type of PL (standard and premium). For example, compared to the case when a low‐image NB manufacturer is disclosed as the supplier of a standard PL, which is our reference, we propose a decrease in the quality and brand image differentials when: (1) the high‐image NB supplies a standard PL, or (2) a low‐image NB manufacturer is disclosed as the supplier of a premium PL. Whereas we will not expect any change when a high‐image NB manufacturer is disclosed as the supplier of a premium PL. Our results partially support our expectations. [EconLit Citations: M21, M31, Q13].
Advances in Vinyl Sulfone Catalyzed Synthesis: Methods, Mechanisms and Perspectives
Authors: Tong Jiangtao , Wang Yuhua , Qi Yajuan , Liu Xinyi , Wang Yumei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVinyl sulfones are conjugated systems composed of C=C and S=O, which are considered to be significant building blocks in organic synthesis and as coupling agents because they can serve as Michael acceptors as well as 2π‐partners in cycloaddition reactions. The attractive bioactivity and unique chemical properties of the vinyl sulfone skeleton have led to its extensive study in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. However, a systematic and comprehensive review of the routes for the catalytic synthesis of vinyl sulfones have not been carried out so far. In this paper, the applications of vinyl sulfone structures in biomolecular and organic syntheses are briefly investigated, and the current methods for the synthesis of vinyl sulfone structures in recent years using different catalysts are systematically reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges for the synthesis and application of vinyl sulfone compounds are discussed.
Heterogeneous treatment effects of metformin on risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Tang Huilin , Guo Jingchuan , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Feng Zheng , Wu Yonghui , Magoc Tanja , Hu Xia , Donahoo William T , DeKosky Steven T. , Bian Jiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLittle is known about the heterogeneous treatment effects of metformin on dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).METHODSParticipants (≥ 50 years) with T2D and normal cognition at baseline were identified from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database (2005–2021). We applied a doubly robust learning approach to estimate risk differences (RD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for dementia risk between metformin use and no use in the overall population and subgroups identified through a decision tree model.RESULTSAmong 1393 participants, 104 developed dementia over a 4‐year median follow‐up. Metformin was significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia in the overall population (RD, –3.2%; 95% CI, –6.2% to –0.2%). We identified four subgroups with varied risks for dementia, defined by neuropsychiatric disorders, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and antidepressant use.DISCUSSIONMetformin use was significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia in individuals with T2D, with significant variability among subgroups.
Association of fractal dimension and other retinal vascular network parameters with cognitive performance and neuroimaging biomarkers: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Ong Sally S. , Peavey Jeremy J. , Hiatt Kevin D. , Whitlow Christopher T. , Sappington Rebecca M. , Thompson Atalie C. , Lockhart Samuel N. , Chen Haiying , Craft Suzanne , Rapp Stephen R. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Heckbert Susan R. , Luchsinger José A. , Klein Barbara E. K. , Meuer Stacy M , Cotch Mary Frances , Wong Tien Y. , Hughes Timothy M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRetinal vascular network changes may reflect the integrity of the cerebral microcirculation, and may be associated with cognitive impairment.METHODSAssociations of retinal vascular measures with cognitive function and MRI biomarkers were examined amongst Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants in North Carolina who had gradable retinal photographs at Exams 2 (2002 to 2004, n = 313) and 5 (2010 to 2012, n = 306), and detailed cognitive testing and MRI at Exam 6 (2016 to 2018).RESULTSAfter adjustment for covariates and multiple comparisons, greater arteriolar fractal dimension (FD) at Exam 2 was associated with less isotropic free water of gray matter regions (β = −0.0005, SE = 0.0024, p = 0.01) at Exam 6, while greater arteriolar FD at Exam 5 was associated with greater gray matter cortical volume (in mm3, β = 5458, SE = 20.17, p = 0.04) at Exam 6.CONCLUSIONGreater arteriolar FD, reflecting greater complexity of the branching pattern of the retinal arteries, is associated with MRI biomarkers indicative of less neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Use of a rat model to characterize 35 arterial pulse wave parameters in a comparative study of isoflurane and Zoletil/xylazine anesthesia and the effect ofAcanthopanax senticosusextract
Authors: Misak Anton , Grman Marian , Tomasova Lenka , Makara Ondrej , Rostakova Zuzana , Waczulikova Iveta , Ondrias Karol 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundInformation obtained from arterial pulse waveforms (APW) can be useful for characterizing the cardiovascular system. To achieve this, it is necessary to know the detailed characteristics of APWs in different states of an organism, which would allow APW parameters (APW‐Ps) to be assigned to particular (patho)physiological conditions. Therefore, our work aimed to characterize 35 APW‐Ps in rats under the influence of isoflurane (ISO) and Zoletil/xylazine (ZO/XY) anesthesia and to study the effect of root extract fromAcanthopanax senticosus(ASRE) in these anesthetic conditions.MethodsThe right jugular vein of anesthetized rats was cannulated for the administration of ASRE and the left carotid artery for the detection of APWs from which 35 APW‐Ps were evaluated.ResultsWe obtained data on 35 APW‐Ps, which significantly depended on the anesthesia, and thus, they characterized the cardiovascular system under these two conditions. ASRE transiently modulated all 35 APW‐Ps, including a transient decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate or increases in pulse BP, dP/dtmax, and systolic and diastolic areas. Whereas the transient effects of ASRE were similar, the extract had prolonged disturbing effects on the cardiovascular system in rats under ZO/XY but not under ISO anesthesia. This negative effect can result from the disturbance caused by ZO/XY anesthesia on the cardiovascular system.ConclusionsWe characterized 35 APW‐Ps of rats under ISO and ZO/XY anesthesia and found that ASRE contains compounds that can modulate the properties of the cardiovascular system, which significantly depended on the status of the cardiovascular system. This should be considered when using ASRE as a nutritional supplement by individuals with cardiovascular problems.
Epidemiology of sepsis in a Japanese administrative database
Authors: Imaeda Taro , Oami Takehiko , Takahashi Nozomi , Saito Daiki , Higashi Akiko , Nakada Taka‐aki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSepsis is the leading cause of death worldwide. Considering regional variations in the characteristics of patients with sepsis, a better understanding of the epidemiology in Japan will lead to further development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of sepsis. To investigate the epidemiology of sepsis, we conducted a systematic literature review of PubMed between 2003 and January 2023. Among the 78 studies using a Japanese administrative database, we included 20 that defined patients with sepsis as those with an infection and organ dysfunction. The mortality rate in patients with sepsis has decreased since 2010, reaching 18% in 2017. However, the proportion of inpatients with sepsis is increasing. A study comparing short‐course (≤7 days) and long‐course (≥8 days) antibiotic administration showed lower 28‐day mortality in the short‐course group. Six studies on the treatment of patients with septic shock reported that low‐dose corticosteroids or polymyxin B hemoperfusion reduced mortality, whereas intravenous immunoglobulins had no such effect. Four studies investigating the effects of treatment in patients with sepsis‐associated disseminated intravascular coagulation demonstrated that antithrombin may reduce mortality, whereas recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin does not. A descriptive study of medical costs for patients with sepsis showed that the effective cost per survivor decreased over an 8‐year period from 2010 to 2017. Sepsis has a significant impact on public health, and is attracting attention as an ongoing issue. Further research to determine more appropriate prevention methods and treatment for sepsis should be a matter of priority.
Electrocatalytic Systems for NOx Valorization in Organonitrogen Synthesis
Authors: Liao Peisen , Kang Jiawei , Xiang Runan , Wang Shihan , Li Guangqin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInorganic nitrogen oxide (NOx) species, such as NO, NO2, NO3−, NO2− generated from the decomposition of organic matters, volcanic eruptions and lightning activated nitrogen, play important roles in the nitrogen cycle system and exploring the origin of life. Meanwhile, excessive emission of NOx gases and residues from industry and transportation causes troubling problems to the environment and human health. How to efficiently handle these wastes is a global problem. In response to the growing demand for sustainability, scientists are actively pursuing sustainable electrochemical technologies powered by renewable energy sources and efficient utilization of hydrogen energy to convert NOx species into high‐value organonitrogen chemicals. In this minireview, recent advances of electrocatalytic systems for NOx species valorization in organonitrogen synthesis are classified and described, such as amino acids, amide, urea, oximes, nitrile etc., that have been widely applied in medicine, life science and agriculture. Additionally, the current challenges including multiple side reactions and complicated paths, viable solutions along with future directions ahead in this field are also proposed. The coupling electrocatalytic systems provide a green mode for fixing nitrogen cycle bacteria and bring enlightenment to human sustainable development.
Lewis Acid Supported Nickel Nitrenoids
Authors: Juda Cristin E. , Casaday Claire E. , Clarke Ryan M. , Litak Nicholas P. , Campbell Brandon M. , Chang Tieyan , Zheng Shao‐Liang , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Betley Theodore A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetalation of the polynucleating ligand F,tbsLH6 (1,3,5‐C6H9(NC6H3−4‐F−2‐NSiMe2tBu)3) with two equivalents of Zn(N(SiMe3)2)2 affords the dinuclear product (F,tbsLH2)Zn2 (1), which can be further deprotonated to yield (F,tbsL)Zn2Li2(OEt2)4 (2). Transmetalation of 2 with NiCl2(py)2 yields the heterometallic, trinuclear cluster (F,tbsL)Zn2Ni(py) (3). Reduction of 3 with KC8 affords [KC222][(F,tbsL)Zn2Ni] (4) which features a monovalent Ni centre. Addition of 1‐adamantyl azide to 4 generates the bridging μ3‐nitrenoid adduct [K(THF)3][(F,tbsL)Zn2Ni(μ3‐NAd)] (5). EPR spectroscopy reveals that the anionic cluster possesses a doublet ground state (S =
). Cyclic voltammetry of 5 reveals two fully reversible redox events. The dianionic nitrenoid [K2(THF)9][(F,tbsL)Zn2Ni(μ3‐NAd)] (6) was isolated and characterized while the neutral redox isomer was observed to undergo both intra‐ and intermolecular H‐atom abstraction processes. Ni K‐edge XAS studies suggest a divalent oxidation state for the Ni centres in both the monoanionic and dianionic [Zn2Ni] nitrenoid complexes. However, DFT analysis suggests Ni‐borne oxidation for 5.
Titanium‐Based Superlattice with Fe(III)‐Regulable Bandgap and Performance for Optimal and Synergistic Sonodynamic–Chemotherapy Guided by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Qin Liying , Tan Guoying , Guo Yanan , Fan Yifan , Song Nan , Zhou Ping , Yan Chun‐Hua , Tang Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSuperlattices have considerable potential as sonosensitizers for cancer therapy because of their flexible and tunable band gaps, although they have not yet been reported. In this study, a Ti‐based organic–inorganic superlattice with good electron–hole separation was synthesized, which consisted of orderly layered superlattices of 2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid (BPDC) and Ti−O layers. In addition, the superlattice was coordinated with Fe(III) and encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) to prepare Ti‐BPDC@Fe@DOX@PEG (TFDP) after biocompatibility modification. TFDP can realize the simultaneous generation of reactive oxygen species and release of DOX under ultrasound irradiation. Moreover, adjusting the Fe(III) content can effectively modulate the band gap of the superlattice and increase the efficiency of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The mechanisms underlying this modulation were explored. TFDP with Fe(III) can also be used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the ability of TFDP to precisely treat cancer using MRI‐guided SDT/chemotherapy. This study expands the applications of superlattices as sonosensitizers with flexible and tailored modifications and indicates that superlattices are promising for precise and customized treatments.
Lignin Upconversion by Functionalization and Network Formation
Authors: Chandna Sanjam , Olivares M. Carmen A. , Baranovskii Egor , Engelmann Gunnar , Böker Alexander , Tzschucke C. Christoph , Haag Rainer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLignin, a complex and abundant biopolymer derived from plant cell walls, has emerged as a promising feedstock for sustainable material development. Due to the high abundance of phenylpropanoid units, aromatic rings, and hydroxyl groups, lignin is an ideal candidate for being explored in various material applications. Therefore, the demand on lignin valorization for development of value‐added products is significantly increasing. This mini‐review provides an overview of lignin upconversion, focusing on its functionalization through chemical and enzymatic routes, and its application in lignin‐based polymer resins, hydrogels, and nanomaterials. The functionalization of lignin molecules with various chemical groups offers tailored properties and increased compatibility with other materials, expanding its potential applications. Additionally, the formation of lignin‐based networks, either through cross‐linking or blending with polymers, generates novel materials with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. However, challenges remain in optimizing functionalization techniques, preserving the innate complexity of lignin, and achieving scalability for industrial implementation. As lignin‘s potential continues to be unlocked, it is poised to contribute significantly to the shift towards more eco‐friendly and resource‐efficient industries.
The astrophysical parameters of Majaess‐95 and Majaess‐225
Authors: Tadross A. L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMost astrophysical parameters of the two stellar clusters Majaess 95 and Majaess 225 have been investigated here for the first time using the third data release of the Gaia space mission (Gaia‐DR3). The membership probabilities of stars were assigned using the pyUPMASK algorithm. The parallaxes offset has been corrected using the zero‐point correction code of Lindegren et al. (Lindegren et al. 2021, A&A, 649, A4). Using the clusters' members with membership probabilities >0.50, we calculated the distance to the clusters of 3311 and 3020 (±130) pc, respectively, which agree with the results from our isochrone fitting on the color‐magnitude diagram. The ages are found to be 282 (±20) and 12.6 (±2) Ma. Also, the reddening, heliocentric distances, luminosity function, mass function, and total mass were estimated. On studying the dynamic state (relaxation time), we found that Majaess‐95 is a relaxed cluster, while Majaess‐225 is not relaxed yet.
Cathode Atomic Structures and Their Electrolyte Interfaces in Lithium‐sulfur Batteries
Authors: Duivenvoorden Tanika , Sanderson Stephen , Searles Debra J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are a promising alternative to conventional battery technologies due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the insulating nature of sulfur and the polysulfide shuttle effect present practical challenges to achieving this. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations with a ReaxFF reactive force field to investigate the structure of LSB cathode‐electrolyte interfaces, with cathode materials made from different sized graphene flakes and elemental sulfur (S8). Smaller graphene flakes were seen to bond more with the sulfur, while structures with larger graphene flakes featured fewer C−S bonds and more long‐chain sulfur species. Observing the interface between the cathode and an organic electrolyte revealed that cathode structures with larger graphene flakes could orientate to shield the long‐chain sulfur and lithium polysulfide species from interacting with and dissolving into the electrolyte. Additional simulations were performed to investigate cathode materials with regions of crystalline α‐S8. However, it was found that the ReaxFF force field used for LSB systems cannot effectively model crystalline sulfur under constant pressure conditions. Further development of reactive force fields for simulation of graphene flake and sulfur electrodes in the presence of electrolyte are therefore required to explore the full range of likely structures using these methods.