bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol licensing legislation and licensing system in South‐West Nigeria: Implications to regulate physical availability of alcohol
Authors: Odeigah Ogochukwu W. , Patton Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe proliferation of alcohol outlets has led to increased physical availability of alcohol, harmful alcohol consumption and related harm in Nigeria. This study explored alcohol licensing legislations and licensing systems across local government councils (LGC) in South‐West, Nigeria.MethodsTwenty‐four LGCs across three states participated in the study. Data were generated from: (i) documents containing LGC liquor licensing legislations; and (ii) semi‐structured interviews conducted with 50 LGC officials (16 legislative council clerks and 34 finance officers [director of finance, rate officers and revenue collectors]) were thematically analysed using NVivo.ResultsNine of the sampled LGC enacted liquor licence bylaws. These mostly specified categories of liquor licences issued and licensing fees. None of the liquor licence bylaw contained regulations for controlling physical availability of alcohol and outlet density. Finance officials were licensing officers and there were no licensing committees across the LGCs. The LGC officials were unanimous in stating that generating revenue from licensing fees was the main objective for licensing alcohol outlets. The LGCs licensed alcohol outlets indiscriminately and failed to regulate outlet density.Discussion and ConclusionThe absence of regulations for controlling outlet density has implications for physical availability of alcohol in Nigeria. Our findings strongly suggest the need to develop national liquor licensing legislation with public health objectives and implementing regulations for controlling temporal and spatial availability of alcohol. Each LGC should inaugurate a licensing committee with clearly defined roles and responsibilities for licensing stakeholders such as LGC health officials, law enforcement agencies and community members.
Estimated cost of extra work hours from co‐workers' drinking in Thailand
Authors: Saengow Udomsak , Chaiyasong Surasak , Nontarak Jiraluck , Saokaew Surasak , Artaman Ali , Vichitkunakorn Polathep , Waleewong Orratai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in workplaces has received little attention. A few studies from high‐income countries have estimated the cost of AHTO in workplaces, while data from the low‐ and middle‐income countries are lacking. This study aimed to estimate the cost of AHTO in workplaces and to explore factors associated with the cost of AHTO in workplaces.MethodsData were taken from 1392 employed respondents who participated in a survey conducted in Thailand from September 2012 to March 2013. The cost of extra work hours was estimated from the hourly wage and extra hours of work. The hourly wage was computed by converting monthly income to weekly income and dividing weekly income by weekly working hours. The gamma regression with log link was used to determine factors associated with the cost of extra working hours.ResultsThe past‐year prevalence of harm from co‐workers' drinking was 17.8% among the employed population. The prevalence of working extra hours was 6.1%. On average, an affected worker worked 16.0 extra hours due to co‐workers' drinking. In total, 28.8 million hours of extra work was attributed to co‐workers' drinking in 1 year. The cost of these extra work hours was 1.8 billion Thai baht (57.8 million USD). Age, education and type of employment were associated with the cost of working extra hours.Discussion and ConclusionsThe burden of alcohol in workplaces extends beyond drinking workers. Our findings indicate that alcohol imposes a significant cost on co‐workers of drinkers.
Nigeria's Sugar Master Plan: Ignoring losers from industrial policy can be costly
Authors: Odijie Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivationIndustrial policies, as tools for economic advancement, disrupt established systems and practices, leading to disputes. The Nigerian Sugar Master Plan (2013–2024) is just such a case. The Plan proposed to stimulate domestic sugar growing and refining, by restricting imports and providing incentives for investors in sugar estates and refining mills.PurposeThis study examines the impact of industrial policies on different groups, identifying the origins and impacts of subsequent disputes. Specifically, it explores how the failure to anticipate opposition caused the Nigerian Sugar Master Plan to largely fail.Methods and approachInformed by the framework of political settlements, we divide disputes into general (public) and specific (individual), exploring the nuances of each through qualitative analysis. Empirical data from case studies, particularly focusing on disputes over land use and trade in sugar, are used to unravel the layered repercussions of policy‐induced disputes.FindingsUnaddressed disputes, both broader societal and individual, have stymied the objectives of the Nigerian Sugar Master Plan.Land allocations to investors in large‐scale sugar estates have been disputed by dispossessed farmers, preventing establishment of several estates: production targets for sugar growing have been missed.Importers of refined sugar could not legally continue their trade; instead, some reverted to smuggling in refined sugar, driving down the local prices—and cutting the profits of companies growing and refining sugar.Opposition to the Sugar Plan, despite media campaigns to convince the public to accept it, has caused the Plan to fail in large part.Policy implicationsIndustrial policies need to address the concerns of those potentially losing their businesses, jobs, and land to the policies. If not, opposition by losing parties is likely to cause the policies to fail.
Killing two birds with one stone? Sound investment with social impact
Authors: Gamtkitsulashvili Tea , Plekhanov Alexander , Stepanov Alexander 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper uses a novel dataset on investments by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to quantify a (sizeable) trade‐off between the impact and financial objectives of a large lender. The unique feature of this dataset is ex ante records of impact. These are made at the early stages of work on each transaction alongside probability‐of‐default scores. Impact scores are further updated at the final approval stage with around 55 percent of transaction concepts translating into signed deals. We show that this approach delivers a simultaneous selection of debt investments on the quality of credit and impact with a sizable trade‐off between pursuing commercial and development objectives. For commercially riskier investments, impact characteristics have a greater bearing on the probability of an investment going ahead. We further use machine‐learning analysis to show that the impact of some investments is strengthened prior to project approval.
The pattern of maxillofacial fractures associated with rollover accidents: A 7‐year retrospective study
Authors: Yari Amir , Hasheminasab Mahboube , Fasih Paniz , Nouralishahi Atieh , Arianezhad S. Marjan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/AimThis study aimed to assess the incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures and related demographic data in the victims of rollover crashes.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective study was based on medical records of patients who sustained maxillofacial injuries following rollover accidents. Investigated data included age, gender, accident date and time, accident cause, seat belt usage, airbag deployment, road type, anatomical location of the facial fracture, and treatment approach.ResultsAmong the 147 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the most prevalent age groups were 20–30 (36.7%) and 30–40 (32.7%) years, with a mean age of 33.6 ± 9.7 years. The male‐to‐female ratio was 6:1. Most crashes occurred in March, August, and July. These accidents involved 69.4% light vehicles and 39.6% heavy vehicles. The leading causes of rollover crashes were speeding (58.5%) followed by distracted driving (21.1%) and traffic rule violations (13.6%). The most prevalent injuries were fractures of the maxillary sinus wall (40.8%), nasal bones (39.5%), zygomaticomaxillary complex (36.1%), and the mandible (32.6%). Surgical intervention was necessary for 44.2% of patients, while 12.9% of cases underwent close reduction, and 42.9% did not require any surgical intervention. The occurrence of nasal bone fractures was significantly lower in cases where seat belts were worn and zygomatic arch fractures were less frequent in incidents with airbag deployment.ConclusionsIn rollover crashes, the midface is the most vulnerable anatomical location. Utilization of seat belts and airbag deployment has the potential to prevent nasal bone and zygomatic arch fractures.
The reactions of two species of aphid to chemotactile cues from a wolf spider match their vulnerability to predation
Authors: Latham Lindy A. , Rypstra Ann L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVarious strategies have evolved to protect animals from predators. We explored the activity and predation risk experienced by two species of aphid. Both species will drop from plants when disturbed and face a suite of predators, including wolf spiders, when they reach the ground. We focused on Aphis fabae Scopoli and Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Aphidini); A. nerii sequesters cardiac glycosides when it feeds on milkweed. We explored the interactions between these aphids and the wolf spider Pardosa milvina Hentz (Araneae: Lycosidae) that is likely a predator they encounter when they are not on their host plants. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the susceptibility of the two species to predation and that the more vulnerable species would react more strongly to substrate‐borne cues deposited by the spider. We predicted that any behavioral reactions that the aphid displayed in response to predator cues would be effective in reducing risk. We documented the activity of each aphid species on chemotactile cues from P. milvina and measured predation rate in arenas with and without those same cues. Aphis fabae altered their activity in the presence of P. milvina cues but A. nerii did not. Likewise, A. fabae was more susceptible to predation by P. milvina when no cues were present, but when cues were present, predatory success was much lower. Aphis nerii, the less desirable prey for this predator, moved less and had a different locomotory pattern than A. fabae in control trials with no spider cues and so we cannot determine whether its chemical protection or activity were more important in reducing predation levels. These results provide insight into the risks faced by aphids when they are off of their host plant and in a barren environment.
Treatment with low‐dose, single‐agent belantamab mafodotin is safe and provides long‐term responses in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Avivi Irit , Shragai Tamir , Luttwak Efrat , Trestman Svetlana , Cohen Yael C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether low‐dose belantamab mafodotin (B‐MAF) dosing results in lower toxicity and better overall outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated nine consecutive patients treated with low‐dose (1.9 mg/kg) B‐MAF.ResultsThe median age was 70 years. Most patients were penta‐refractory. Ocular toxicity was observed in 77.7%. Adverse events resulting in treatment delays were recorded in 9 out of 124 cycles being given. Overall response rate was 66% (6/9), and all responding patients achieved very good partial response or better. Within a median follow‐up of 12 (range 0.5–13.8) months, median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 14 (CI95% 6–22) and 20 (95%CI 0–41) months, respectively.ConclusionLow‐dose B‐MAF regimen showed high‐efficacy and low‐toxicity profile.
Age, growth, and biomass projections of red porgy Pagrus pagrus (Teleostei, Sparidae) after the fishery collapse in southern Brazil
Authors: Kikuchi Eidi , Cardoso Luis Gustavo , Mourato Bruno L. , Sant'Ana Rodrigo , Haimovici Manuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA formerly unexploited stock of red porgy that was intensely fished along southern Brazil in the 1970s collapsed in less than a decade. Subsequently, population dynamics or stock status has not been reported, so we updated growth parameters by analysis of otolith annual‐increments and micro‐increments. Growth did not change after the stock collapsed, which suggested no density‐dependent effect. Given the lack of growth changes and data‐limitation, we used an age‐structured assessment model set until 1984 to forecast relative spawning biomass and assess recovery possibilities. Projections showed that a 19 years moratorium would have been necessary for the stock to rebuild. The model suggested an annual catch of at least 170 t in the post‐collapse period because the stock did not recover, and a small‐scale hand‐line fishery with unreported landings continued fishing. Our results reinforced the need for more curated and up‐to‐date data collection to properly assess and manage this formerly abundant stock.
Selection of succeeding crops for a double‐cropping system in alpine pastoral areas of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau
Authors: Ren Yuxin , Liu Hancheng , Tian Xinhui , Du Wenhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo establish artificial grassland annually, oats, a traditional forage species, are normally cultivated in Qinghai–Tibetan alpine pastoral areas in spring and harvested the same year. Selection a suitable autumn‐sown forage species and succeeding crop, thus harvest of two crops per year, would increase forage yield and quality. We used the triticale variety Gannong No. 2 as an autumn‐sown crop and evaluated the performance of different succeeding crops: B1 (50% triticale and 50% common vetch), B2 (40% rye and 60% common vetch), B3 (50% oats and 50% common vetch), B4 (triticale), B5 (rye), and B6 (oats). We analysed crop productivity and nutrition at two sites in China in 2019 and 2020: Hezuo, and Lhasa. The highest hay yield (15.03 t ha−1) and crude protein content (12.22%) of autumn‐sown triticale as well as the highest average hay yield (6.05 t ha−1) and comprehensive evaluation value (0.80) of the six succeeding crops were obtained at the Lhasa site. At both sites, the succeeding crop with the highest average hay yield (6.30 t ha−1), crude protein content (13.08%), and comprehensive evaluation value (1.00) was B1. In regard to the interaction of environment and succeeding crop, the highest hay yield (8.07 t ha−1) and comprehensive evaluation value (0.95) were obtained with B1 at the Hezuo site. Forage yield and nutrition can be significantly elevated by using autumn‐sown triticale double‐cropped with B1. The results first examine double cropping in alpine pastoral areas, provide a theoretical basis for establishing a double‐cropping cultivation system in this region.
Moving towards social inclusion: Engaging rural voices in priority setting for health
Authors: Tugendhaft Aviva , Christofides Nicola , Stacey Nicholas , Kahn Kathleen , Erzse Agnes , Danis Marion , Gold Marthe , Hofman Karen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAchieving universal health coverage (UHC) in the context of limited resources will require prioritising the most vulnerable and ensuring health policies and services are responsive to their needs. One way of addressing this is through the engagement of marginalised voices in the priority setting process. Public engagement approaches that enable group level deliberation as well as individual level preference capturing might be valuable in this regard, but there are limited examples of their practical application, and gaps in understanding their outcomes, especially with rural populations.ObjectiveTo address this gap, we implemented a modified priority setting tool (Choosing All Together—CHAT) that enables individuals and groups to make trade‐offs to demonstrate the type of health services packages that may be acceptable to a rural population. The paper presents the findings from the individual choices as compared to the group choices, as well as the differences among the individual choices using this tool.MethodsParticipants worked in groups and as individuals to allocate stickers representing the available budget to different health topics and interventions using the CHAT tool. The allocations were recorded at each stage of the study. We calculated the median and interquartile range across study participants for the topic totals. To examine differences in individual choices, we performed Wilcoxon rank sum tests.ResultsThe results show that individual interests were mostly aligned with societal ones, and there were no statistically significant differences between the individual and group choices. However, there were some statistically significant differences between individual priorities based on demographic characteristics like age.DiscussionThe study demonstrates that giving individuals greater control and agency in designing health services packages can increase their participation in the priority setting process, align individual and community priorities, and potentially enhance the legitimacy and acceptability of priority setting. Methods that enable group level deliberation and individual level priority setting may be necessary to reconcile plurality. The paper also highlights the importance of capturing the details of public engagement processes and transparently reporting on these details to ensure valuable outcomes.Public ContributionThe facilitator of the CHAT groups was a member from the community and underwent training from the research team. The fieldworkers were also from the community and were trained and paid to capture the data. The participants were all members of the rural community‐ the study represents their priorities.
The effect of CLIL on productive thematic vocabulary
Authors: Geoghegan Leah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has become increasingly popular throughout Spain. One suggested benefit of this approach is that it increases students’ exposure to the language and facilitates their acquisition of subject‐specific vocabulary (SSV). However, there is a scarcity of research demonstrating this advantage, particularly in terms of lexical availability (LA). This has led to calls to focus on semantic prompts which are linked to the CLIL subject, to better understand the effect of this linguistic exposure. This study investigates the LA of students taking either science or economics through English. Results indicate that CLIL instruction plays an important role in acquiring SSV, revealing that it can help students improve their token production to the extent that they can effectively bridge the gap between them and students with a higher language level and greater token production in other domains.
Tripe Palms: A Cutaneous Marker of Internal Malignancy
Authors: Requena Luis , Aguilar Antonio , Renedo Guadalupe , Martín Lucia , Piqué Enric , Fariña M. Carmen , Escalonilla Pilar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTripe palms is a distinctive paraneoplastic cutaneous sign which is frequently associated with internal malignancy, specially carcinomas of the lung and stomach. We describe a patient with ovary carcinoma who showed a curious rugose thickening of the palms with accentuation of the normal dermatoglyphic ridges. The lesions were a specially prominent on the fingertips. The patient also showed classical acanthosis nigricans in the axillae and groin. The soles were spared. Histopathologic findings in palmar lesions consisted of an undulant epidermis, with hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and papillomatosis. Excision of the ovary carcinoma was followed by complete regression of the cutaneous lesions. We review the literature about tripe palms and discuss the relationship between this striking cutaneous manifestation and internal malignancy.
Can central banks be heard over the sound of gunfire?
Authors: Gao Ge , Nikolsko‐Rzhevskyy Alex , Talavera Oleksandr 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effectiveness of central bank communications during times of significant adverse shocks. Specifically, we examined how the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) regulated foreign exchange (FX) markets during the Russo‐Ukrainian War in 2022. Data collected from both the black and authorized FX markets suggested that the content of the NBU's announcements significantly impacted FX market agents. Announcements aimed at maintaining a fixed (floating) FX rate prompted an increase (decrease) in the black market premium in cash transactions. Moreover, the NBU's announcements influenced the sale side of foreign currency more than any other aspect, an area where the black market FX traders held near monopolistic power.
Climate transition risk and bank lending
Authors: Bruno Brunella , Lombini Sara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigate whether and how banks in the global syndicated loan market adjusted the pricing and supply of credit to account for higher climate transition risk (CTR) in the years following the 2015 Paris Agreement. We measure CTR by considering the pollution levels of borrowers and the engagement of countries where borrowers are headquartered in addressing climate change issues. The evidence is mixed and points to nonlinear relations between lending variables and CO2 emissions. Policy events such as the Paris Agreement and government environmental awareness are significant climate risk drivers that, when combined, may amplify banks' perception of CTR.
Nature and timing of a significant reduction event on the L‐chondrite parent asteroid
Authors: Rubin Alan E. , Turrin Brent D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAbout 17% of L6 chondrites (15/87) show significant reduction features in BSE images in thin section. Because some thin sections of these meteorites do not show reduction features, this percentage is a lower limit. Reduction features include: (1) 4–5‐μm‐thick BSE‐dark reduction rims on olivine and orthopyroxene grains and along fracture boundaries in these grains, (2) 4–12‐μm‐thick dark bands (probably poorly crystalline pyrrhotite) at the margins and along fractures in troilite grains, and (3) 2–5‐μm‐thick dark rinds of kamacite around some taenite grains. Only one of 70 L‐group chondrites (1.4%) of lower petrologic type exhibits minor reduction. The L6 chondrites showing major reduction have 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages ranging from 156 ± 1 Ma for Guangnan to 4543 ± 3 Ma for Thamaniyat Ajras. Reduction occurred after silicate, sulfide, and metal grains had attained their present sizes during parent‐body thermal metamorphism (and had been fractured by parent‐body collisions). The precise plateau age of Thamaniyat Ajras probably marks the timing of the L6 reduction event. It seems likely the reductant was a low‐viscosity fluid, plausibly CO, derived from oxidation of poorly graphitized and amorphous carbon within fine‐grained matrix. Water‐ice that had accreted to the L‐chondrite asteroid was heated and mobilized during metamorphism, causing oxidation. After peak metamorphism, ~75% of the water had been used up or lost; the remaining water facilitated continuing graphite oxidation so that, after this point, overall reduction effects exceeded those of oxidation. L chondrites of lower petrologic type were less affected by reduction due to their lower metamorphic temperatures.