bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐CO‐Hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) Incorporated Acetylene Black: Electrical, Optical, and Structural Studies
Authors: Ranjan Rohit Kumar , Kumar Sushant , Punetha Vinay Deep , Pandey Shri Prakash , Singh Ram Chandra , Singh Pramod K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe primary goal of this study is to synthesize a high‐conducting polymer electrolyte film. The PVDF‐HFP and NaSCN film are prepared which showed the highest conductivity at 30 wt% dopant of NaSCN in the Polymer PVDF‐HFP which is 1.24× 10−4 S cm−1. Therefore, here the base polymer is taken as PVDF‐HFP and NaSCN (30 wt%) and further Acetylene Black is added to check the variation in the conductivity of the polymer film. Solution casting technique is used to create solid polymer electrolyte films using poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) with salt sodium thiocyanate and Acetylene Black. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) is used to evaluate the morphology of the polymer film surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to check the presence of functional group is used, impedance spectroscopy is used for the measurement of the conductivity of the sample, linear sweep voltammetry for finding electrical stability window, and transference number measurements for concentration of charge carriers are done for the electrical studies of polymeric films. The 1 wt% Acetylene Black doped polymer electrolyte film is found to have the maximum ionic conductivity, which is 1.95 × 10−3 S cm−1. The solid polymer electrolyte film has an electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 4.8 V and tion value of 0.83.
Reducing Environmental Plastic Pollution by Designing Polymer Materials for Managed End‐of‐Life
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Sushant , Yadav Tarun , Dhapola Pawan Singh , Singh Pramod K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlastics are widely used synthetic materials in various industries worldwide. The abundance of plastics, which are mainly carbon‐based polymers, has led to a significant accumulation of plastic waste in landfills and the environment due to their durability and affordability. Although plastic pollution of the oceans has been known for many years, there is still limited knowledge about the composition, distribution, impact, and fate of plastic waste in the environment.In this review, the focus is on environmental pollution by plastics, highlighting the source (feedstock) and degradation behavior of these materials. The goal is to provide insights for material design strategies that address the management of plastic waste at the end of its life cycle. The authors argue that the development of materials labeled marine biodegradable or universally biodegradable is not a sufficient solution on its own to address plastic pollution. Instead, it is critical to incorporate practical plans for recovery and treatment into material and product design principles. These plans should be based on existing systems or possibly developed in parallel.In summary, this article highlights the widespread pollution of the environment by plastics and emphasizes the need for comprehensive material design strategies that include not only biodegradability but also practical recovery and treatment methods. By considering the entire lifecycle of plastics, we can work to reduce the harmful impact of plastic waste on our planet.
Increased brain fractional perfusion in obesity using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI metrics
Authors: Motger‐Albertí Anna , de la Calle Elena , Giménez Mònica , Blasco Gerard , Biarnés Carles , Arnoriaga‐Rodríguez María , Puig Josep , Coll‐Martínez Clàudia , Contreras‐Rodríguez Oren , Fernández‐Real José Manuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis research seeks to shed light on the associations between brain perfusion, cognitive function, and mental health in individuals with and without obesity.MethodsIn this study, we employed the noninvasive intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to examine brain fractional perfusion (FP) in two groups: individuals with obesity (N = 72) and healthy controls (N = 66). Additionally, we investigated potential associations between FP, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms in the participants with and without obesity. Finally, artificial intelligence algorithms (Boruta analysis) were also used.ResultsParticipants with obesity exhibited increased FP within dopaminergic brain circuits, particularly involving prefrontal cortex areas, anterior and posterior sections of the cingulate cortex, the right striatum, and the midbrain. Additionally, these individuals demonstrated lower working memory and higher depressive symptoms compared to the control group. Notably, higher FP in the inferior temporal and occipital cortices correlated with greater depressive symptoms, whereas increased FP in the right ventral caudate and the midbrain was associated with better working memory performance. A link between inflammatory and metabolic variables, with a particular emphasis on monocytes, and FP in obesity was also evidenced by Boruta analysis.ConclusionsIncreased brain perfusion in individuals with obesity is associated with cognitive function and mental health through interaction with metabolic and inflammatory factors.
High‐Temperature Protonic Conduction in La2NiO4+δ‐Based Ruddlesden–Popper Type Oxides: Correlation with Concentration of Interstitial Oxide Ions
Authors: Chen Lubing , Wang Guanchao , Toyoura Kazuaki , Han Donglin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOxygen‐excess La2NiO4+δ (LNO) conducts oxide ions, electron holes, and hydroxide ions simultaneously on exposing to wet oxygen, exhibiting the potential as a cathode material in protonic ceramic fuel cells. Since the incorporation of protons in oxygen‐excess LNO is via the hydration reaction assisted by interstitial oxide ions, in this work, the concentration of interstitial oxide ions is reduced and increased by substituting Ni with Cu and Co, respectively. A higher concentration of interstitial oxide ions leads to a high proton concentration, indicating the predominant role of interstitial oxide ions in the hydration reaction, different from that in the oxygen‐deficient oxides, where protons are introduced by dissociative absorption of water molecules by oxygen vacancies. The theoretical calculation indicates that protons in Co‐doped LNO prefer to locate between the interstitial oxide ions and unshared apical oxide ions. A trapping effect is found between protons and the oxide ions near Cu, leading to decreased proton mobility. Protonic conductivity at 400–575 °C is then directly measured by a Hebb–Wagner direct current polarization method with La0.99Ca0.01NbO4−δ as the blocking electrode, enabling the observation that Co‐doped LNO has the highest protonic conductivity among the samples studied in this work.
A Bayesian optimization R package for multitrait parental selection
Authors: Villar‐Hernández Bartolo de J. , Dreisigacker Susanne , Crespo Leo , Pérez‐Rodríguez Paulino , Pérez‐Elizalde Sergio , Toledo Fernando , Crossa José 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSelecting and mating parents in conventional phenotypic and genomic selection are crucial. Plant breeding programs aim to improve the economic value of crops, considering multiple traits simultaneously. When traits are negatively correlated and/or when there are missing records in some traits, selection becomes more complex. To address this problem, we propose a multitrait selection approach using the Multitrait Parental Selection (MPS) R package—an efficient tool for genetic improvement, precision breeding, and conservation genetics. The package employs Bayesian optimization algorithms and three loss functions (Kullback–Leibler, Energy Score, and Multivariate Asymmetric Loss) to identify parental candidates with desirable traits. The software's functionality includes three main functions—EvalMPS, FastMPS, and ApproxMPS—catering to different data availability scenarios. Through the presented application examples, the MPS R package proves effective in multitrait genomic selection, enabling breeders to make informed decisions and achieve strong performance across multiple traits.
Chemical potential (in)dependence of hadron scatterings in the hadronic phase of QCD-like theories and its applications
Authors: Murakami Kotaro , Itou Etsuko , Iida Kei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We formulate a method for calculating the hadron-hadron scattering amplitudes at nonzero chemical potential (μ) in the hadronic phase at zero temperature, where the baryon number symmetry remains to be violated. Although it is widely believed that the physical quantities do not change even if we turn on a small μ at zero temperature, the shape of correlation functions for a single hadron depends on μ. Then, the dispersion relation of the single hadron is modified to E(p, μ) = $$ \sqrt{{\textbf{p}}^2+{m}^2} $$

p
2

+

m
2

– μnO. Here, m and nO denote the hadron mass at μ = 0 and the quantum number, respectively. From this relation, it is possible that the effective mass of the hadron depends on μ. We extend the HAL QCD method at μ = 0 to the case of μ ≠ 0, which allows us to extract the scattering phase shifts via the interaction potential. We have found that the interaction potential can depend on μ only through the effective mass while the scattering phase shifts, obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation with the interaction potential, are independent of μ. We also numerically analyze the S-wave scatterings of two pions with isospin I = 2 and two scalar diquarks within the framework of QC2D at nonzero quark chemical potential. While the lattice is not exactly set to zero temperature, the μ-independence can be observed. Furthermore, we improve the results for the S-wave scatterings of two hadrons obtained above by taking the μ-independence for granted. Thanks to the asymmetric property of the correlation functions for diquarks at μ ≠ 0, we can access a long-τ regime and can reduce the systematic error coming from inelastic contributions.
Ersteinschätzung HNO-spezifischer Notfälle – eine Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Krafft Eva , Kaulitz Stefan , Voelker Johannes , Engert Jonas , Spahn Björn , Hagen Rudolf , Rak Kristen 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland besteht seit einigen Jahren ein erhöhtes Aufkommen von Patientenfällen in der Notaufnahme, bei welchen es sich oft nicht um Notfälle für das Krankenhaus handelt. Zur Verbesserung der Triage und Lenkung der Patientenströme wurde das Triage-System SmED (Strukturierte medizinische Ersteinschätzung in Deutschland) entwickelt. Dieses zertifizierte Medizinprodukt soll sowohl die Dringlichkeit von Alltagsbeschwerden als auch den adäquaten medizinischen Versorgungsbedarf zielgerichtet, schneller und sicherer einschätzen. Mit Handlungsvorschlägen unterstützt es medizinisches Fachpersonal bei der Triage, wobei die Endverantwortung beim Fachpersonal selbst bleibt. Für das Fachgebiet der HNO-Heilkunde erfolgte anhand von 9 spezifischen Notfällen eine inhaltliche Überprüfung hinsichtlich der Plausibilität und der Patientensicherheit im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Die Fälle wurden durch 9 HNO-Fachärzte simuliert und anhand des Medizinprodukts SmED durch medizinisches Fachpersonal und Studierende der Medizin triagiert, indem eine Versorgungsebene sowie ein -Versorgungszeitpunkt (Dringlichkeit) zugeordnet wurde. Die Mehrzahl der Fälle wurde korrekt zugeordnet. Das Ersteinschätzungssystem SmED stellt eine gute Möglichkeit dar, dringliche Krankheitsbilder der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde einzuschätzen. Langfristiges Ziel der Ersteinschätzung ist es, Kapazitäten von Ambulanzen zukünftig zu entlasten. Um dies zu erreichen und Patientenwartezeiten zu verkürzen, wäre es notwendig, zügig auf die HNO-Fachdisziplin zu verweisen. Es gilt daher sicherzustellen, dass über das Online-Tool Patienten an einen HNO-Bereitschaftsdienst weitergeleitet werden.
Vegan and sugar-substituted chocolates: assessing physicochemical characteristics by NMR relaxometry, rheology, and DSC
Authors: Torregrossa F. , Cinquanta L. , Albanese D. , Cuomo F. , Librici C. , Lo Meo Paolo , Conte P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe main physicochemical characteristics of novel artisanal chocolates (both dark and milky) intended for vegan consumers or for those requiring assumption of fewer simple sugars, were analysed. Replacement of milk (with coconut copra, almonds, and soy protein isolates), and sucrose (with coconut sugars, stevia and erythritol, respectively) in dark chocolate, were accounted for by means of texture analysis, rheology, water activity, fatty acid composition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fast field cycling (FFC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. The vegan sample (i.e., the milk-less one) showed lower values of hardness and adhesiveness as well as a larger peak in the melting behavior at the calorimetric evaluation (DSC). Moreover, the absence of milk resulted in the halving of the yield stress and a decrease in both the apparent and Casson’s viscosity. In the sample of chocolate with less sucrose, the peak temperatures measured at the DSC indicate crystallization of cocoa butter in its best form (Vβ2), unlike in dark chocolate, due to the different sugar composition. Similarly, the Casson yield stress (τ0), increased significantly (almost 70%), with the substitution of sugar. Finally, the results of NMR FFC relaxometry made it possible to identify aggregates of different sizes, laying the basis for its use as a rapid, non-destructive method for chocolate analysis.
Presence of microplastic in target species of small scale fisheries and possible social implications on the local communities
Authors: Rivera-Garibay Omar , Méndez-López María Elena , Torres-Irineo Edgar , Rivas Miguel , Santillo David , Álvarez-Filip Lorenzo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicroplastic ingestion by marine fishes has been of particular interest, as many species are the target of commercial fisheries and, thus, have a strong connection with human health. Consumption of microplastic thru seafood is likely to have harmful effects on people globally but mainly on social groups that highly depend on fisheries for self-consumption. Here, we first aim to characterize the presence of microplastics in species targeted by small-scale fishers; and explore if the fish consumption of microplastic particles is associated with biological factors. Second, we applied semi-structured interviews to small-scale fishers to investigate, from a socio-environmental perspective, the potential social and environmental impacts of contamination by microplastics on the local communities. We found that commercially important fish families regularly contained microplastics in their tissues, and the consumption of microplastics by fish caught through traditional fishing gear depends on traits such as species mobility but the microplastic load also depended on the type of fishing gear used. Species with a wide home range had a higher load of microplastics than fish with a small home range but also seemed to be related to the fishing method. The observed differences in microplastic content on target species are likely to be transferred to humans in a non-random fashion. This work implies that microplastic pollution in commercial fish might represent an environmental and social issue that is not well understood by the fishing community in the Mexican Caribbean, with potential ramifications for marine resource management.
Multiplexed analysis of macrophage polarisation in pulmonary metastases of microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
Authors: Karjula Topias , Elomaa Hanna , Väyrynen Sara A. , Kuopio Teijo , Ahtiainen Maarit , Mustonen Olli , Puro Iiris , Niskakangas Anne , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Böhm Jan , Wirta Erkki-Ville , Seppälä Toni T. , Sihvo Eero , Yannopoulos Fredrik , Helminen Olli , Väyrynen Juha P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) express a continuum of phenotypes ranging from an anti-tumoural M1-like phenotype to a pro-tumoural M2-like phenotype. During cancer progression, TAMs may shift to a more M2-like polarisation state, but the role of TAMs in CRC metastases is unclear. We conducted a comprehensive spatial and prognostic analysis of TAMs in CRC pulmonary metastases and corresponding primary tumours using multiplexed immunohistochemistry and machine learning-based image analysis. We obtained data from 106 resected pulmonary metastases and 74 corresponding primary tumours. TAMs in the resected pulmonary metastases were located closer to the cancer cells and presented a more M2-like polarised state in comparison to the primary tumours. Higher stromal M2-like macrophage densities in the invasive margin of pulmonary metastases were associated with worse 5-year overall survival (HR 3.19, 95% CI 1.35–7.55, p = 0.008). The results of this study highlight the value of multiplexed analysis of macrophage polarisation in cancer metastases and might have clinical implications in future cancer therapy.
Identification of genomic drivers for the therapeutic response of Cabozantinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Borkowetz Angelika , Sommer Ulrich , Baretton Gustavo , Gruellich Carsten , Bürk Björn Thorben , Erb Holger H. H. , Thomas Christian ,   MORECAB Consortium
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cabozantinib (CAB) as monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors is used for systemic treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, little is known about predictors of treatment response to CAB. For this reason, known genomic drivers were examined to identify potential predictors of treatment response with CAB.

Methods
Twenty mRCC patients receiving monotherapy (≥ first-line) with CAB were prospectively included. DNA was extracted from archived primary tumors or metastatic tissue. Targeted DNA sequencing was performed using a gene panel including 328 genes (QIAseq Targeted DNA V3 Panel, Qiagen). The variant evaluation was performed using Varsome. The endpoints were treatment-failure-free-survival (TFFS) to CAB.

Results
26% of patients received systemic RCC treatment as the primary option. Six patients were treated with CAB in first-line (1L) and 12 patients in ≥ 2L. The median follow-up after initiation of systemic treatment was 26.7 months (mo). The PBRM1 (7 alleles), SETD2 (7 alleles), VHL (11 alleles), and CHEK2 (14 alleles) genes were most frequently altered. The median time to TFFS was 10.5 mo (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.2–14.7 mo). There was a longer treatment response to CAB in patients with alterations of the SETD2 gene (SETD2 alteration median TFFS not reached vs. no SETD2 alterations 8.4 mo (95% CI 5.2–11.6 mo); p = 0.024).

Conclusion
Pathogenic variant genes may indicate treatment response to systemic therapy in mRCC. Patients with alterations of the SETD2 gene show longer responses to CAB treatment.
The association between diet quality and chrononutritional patterns in young adults
Authors: Wang Leanne , Chan Virginia , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Davies Alyse , Wellard-Cole Lyndal , Rangan Anna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Young adults eat erratically and later in the day which may impact weight and cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study examined relationships between chrononutritional patterns and diet quality in two young adult populations: a university and community sample.

Methods
Three days of dietary data were collected including food images captured using wearable cameras. Chrononutritional variables were extracted: time of first and last eating occasions, caloric midpoint (time at which 50% of daily energy was consumed), number of eating occasions per day, eating window, day-to-day variability of the above metrics, and evening eating (≥20:00h). The Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults scored diet quality. Statistical analyses controlled for gender, body mass index, and socio-economic status.

Results
No significant associations between chrononutritional patterns and diet quality were found for all participants (n = 95). However, differences in diet quality were found between university (n = 54) and community (n = 41) samples with average diet quality scores of 59.1 (SD 9.7) and 47.3 (SD 14.4), respectively. Of those who extended eating ≥20:00 h, university participants had better diet quality (62.9±SE 2.5 vs. 44.3±SE 2.3, p < 0.001) and discretionary scores (7.9±SE 0.9 vs. 1.6±SE 0.6, p < 0.001) than community participants. University participants consumed predominately healthful dinners and fruit ≥20:00h whereas community participants consumed predominately discretionary foods.

Conclusion
For the general young adult population, meal timing needs to be considered. Food choices made by this cohort may be poorer during evenings when the desire for energy-dense nutrient-poor foods is stronger. However, meal timing may be less relevant for young adults who already engage in healthy dietary patterns.
Subject-specific finite element head models for skull fracture evaluation—a new tool in forensic pathology
Authors: Henningsen Mikkel Jon , Lindgren Natalia , Kleiven Svein , Li Xiaogai , Jacobsen Christina , Villa Chiara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPost-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) enables the creation of subject-specific 3D head models suitable for quantitative analysis such as finite element analysis (FEA). FEA of proposed traumatic events is an objective and repeatable numerical method for assessing whether an event could cause a skull fracture such as seen at autopsy. FEA of blunt force skull fracture in adults with subject-specific 3D models in forensic pathology remains uninvestigated. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of FEA for skull fracture analysis in routine forensic pathology. Five cases with blunt force skull fracture and sufficient information on the kinematics of the traumatic event to enable numerical reconstruction were chosen. Subject-specific finite element (FE) head models were constructed by mesh morphing based on PMCT 3D models and A Detailed and Personalizable Head Model with Axons for Injury Prediction (ADAPT) FE model. Morphing was successful in maintaining subject-specific 3D geometry and quality of the FE mesh in all cases. In three cases, the simulated fracture patterns were comparable in location and pattern to the fractures seen at autopsy/PMCT. In one case, the simulated fracture was in the parietal bone whereas the fracture seen at autopsy/PMCT was in the occipital bone. In another case, the simulated fracture was a spider-web fracture in the frontal bone, whereas a much smaller fracture was seen at autopsy/PMCT; however, the fracture in the early time steps of the simulation was comparable to autopsy/PMCT. FEA might be feasible in forensic pathology in cases with a single blunt force impact and well-described event circumstances.