bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation between 4 adherence measurements methods in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using methotrexate
Authors: Hebing Renske C. F. , Elhendy Nada , van Geel Eva H. , van Heuckelum Milou , Nurmohamed Michael T. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. 
Published: December 2023

AimsMethotrexate (MTX) is the cornerstone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, adherence to MTX therapy is not optimal, and instruments to assess medication nonadherence are warranted. To date there is no consensus on the best method to determine adherence to MTX. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between adherence assessed with a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) vs. pill count, MTX‐polyglutamate (PG) concentration and Compliance Questionnaire–Rheumatology (CQR) in patients with established RA. Second, the correlations between these methods and the Disease Activity Scores of 28 joints (DAS28) were examined.MethodsAdult RA patients currently treated with MTX were included. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used, with adherence assessed with MEMS as dependent variable vs. pill count, MTX‐PG concentrations, CQR as independent variables and DAS28 vs. each of the 4 adherence measurements. Covariates were included, such as comedication, age and use of corticosteroids.ResultsIn total, 190 consecutive RA patients were included. Pill count was correlated with adherence assessed with MEMS (linear regression, β = 0.588, 95% confidence interval = 0.255–0.921, P < .001), whereas CQR and MTX‐PGs were not. Logistic regression confirmed the correlation between dichotomized adherence and pill count only (β = 4.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.31–7.64, P =  .006). No other correlations were found, either for all adherence outcomes or DAS28.ConclusionMeasuring adherence with MEMS is correlated with pill count, whereas other methods were not correlated with MEMS or with DAS28. Pill count can be used to estimate adherence to MTX therapy, in case MEMS is not achievable.
Spontaneous public response to a marauding knife attack on the London underground: Sociality, coordination and a repertoire of actions evidenced by CCTV footage
Authors: Au‐Yeung Terry , Philpot Richard , Stott Clifford , Radburn Matt , Drury John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcross a range of recent terrorist attacks in the United Kingdom, the question of how crowds behave in confined public space is an important concern. Classical theoretical assumptions are that human behaviour in such contexts is relatively uniform, self‐interested and pathological. We contest these assumptions by reporting on a study of public response to a marauding knife attack that occurred on London's underground rail network in 2015. The analysis draws primarily upon footage from 27 CCTV cameras positioned across the station footprint supplemented by social media, news footage, radio logs and incident reports. Using an innovative methodology, we topographically and chronologically mapped behaviours during the incident. The analysis demonstrates that while rapid egressions occurred as the threat escalated, at every phase of the incident members of the public intervened spontaneously with coordinated, purposeful, socially oriented actions. This behavioural pattern contrasts with classical assumptions of a chaotic and apathetic crowd in emergencies. We highlight eight complementary categories of actions in the public response that appeared functional for the collective safety of the crowd during the short period before the police arrived. The policy implications for emergency planning, and the methodological innovations involving the use of video data are discussed.
Bruceine D restrains colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and autophagy by downregulating circ_0068464
Authors: Yang Yong , Li Peng , Li Xiaojia , Zhu Ying , Guo Xiutian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBruceine D (BD) from Brucea javanica (L) exerts an antitumor effect in several human cancers. At present, it has not been reported whether BD inhibits the malignancy of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Therefore, investigating the role and regulatory mechanisms of BD in CRC is the main thrust of this study. Effect of BD on CRC cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and autophagy was determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, transwell invasion, and western blotting assays. Expression changes of has_circ_0068464 (circ_0068464) were detected using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The molecular mechanisms related to circ_0068464 were predicted through online prediction websites Starbase 2.0, circinteractome, and CircBank and validated using dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays. The tumorigenic ability of BD and circ_0068464 on CRC was confirmed by xenograft experiments. The results showed that BD lessened CRC cell proliferation, invasion, autophagy, and prompted cell apoptosis. Circ_0068464 was overexpressed in CRC samples and cells. BD led to a significant reduction in circ_0068464 levels in cells of this carcinoma, but circ_0068464 overexpression partially rescued these effects urged by BD. Also, the combination of BD and circ_0068464 silencing decreased xenograft tumor growth compared to BD alone. Importantly, circ_0068464 could regulate ATG5 expression by functioning as a miR‐520h molecular sponge. In conclusion, BD might suppress CRC growth by inhibiting the circ_0068464/miR‐520h/ATG5 axis, providing a new perspective for the molecular pathogenesis of CRC and preliminarily indicating that BD may be a promising drug for CRC treatment.
Formation‐Aware Planning and Navigation with Corridor Shortest Path Maps
Authors: Sharma Ritesh , Weiss Tomer , Kallmann Marcelo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe need to plan motions for agents with variable shape constraints such as under different formations appears in several virtual and real‐world applications of autonomous agents. In this work, we focus on planning and execution of formation‐aware paths for a group of agents traversing a cluttered environment. The proposed planning framework addresses the trade‐off between being able to enforce a preferable formation when traversing the corridors of the environment, versus accepting to switch to alternative formations requiring less clearance in order to utilize narrower corridors that can lead to a shorter overall path to the final destination. At the planning stage, this trade‐off is addressed with a multi‐layer graph annotated with per‐layer navigation costs and formation transition costs, where each layer represents one formation together with its specific clearance requirement. At the navigation stage, we introduce Corridor Shortest Path Maps (CSPMs), which produce a vector field for guiding agents along the solution corridor, ensuring unobstructed in‐formation navigation in cluttered environments, as well as group motion along lengthwise‐optimal paths in the solution corridor. We also present examples of how our multi‐layer planning framework can be applied to other types of multi‐modal planning problems.
Early closing of hotels: Impacts on alcohol consumption, drunkenness, liver disease and injury mortality
Authors: Dunt David R. , Jiang Heng , Room Robin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionEarly (six o'clock) closing of hotels was introduced in 1916 in Australia to curb heavy drinking. It lasted between 21 and 51 years in four Australian states. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of early closing on alcohol consumption, liver disease mortality rates, drunkenness and various forms of injury.MethodsTime series analysis was undertaken using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages modelling technique. Relevant data were derived from annual publications of the Australian Bureau of Statistics and its predecessor organisations.ResultsEarly closing had a substantial downward effect on alcohol consumption across 1901–2006. It had a substantial and beneficial effect on liver disease mortality. Drunkenness rates declined pre‐World War II (WWII), though they increased post‐WWII. Rates for homicide decreased substantially, and close to substantially for suicide and female homicide. Early closing impacts were more beneficial pre‐WWII than post‐WWII.Discussion and ConclusionsEarly closing has not been favourably remembered in Australia in recent years. However, all pre‐WWII impacts of early closing were beneficial including public drunkenness rates. Post‐WWII, beneficial effects were less clear‐cut and drunkenness increased. Resistance to early closing may also have arisen in the 1950s as families had more disposable income and ability to consume alcohol. While universal six o'clock closing is no longer feasible or desirable, opening hours and days for hotels are still part of the policy discussion in Australia. The experience of early closing pre‐WWII gives confidence that the impacts of these can be beneficial.
Metabolic control of mitophagy
Authors: Zimmermann Andreas , Madeo Frank , Diwan Abhinav , Sadoshima Junichi , Sedej Simon , Kroemer Guido , Abdellatif Mahmoud 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is a major hallmark of ageing and related chronic disorders. Controlled removal of damaged mitochondria by the autophagic machinery, a process known as mitophagy, is vital for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival. The central role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism places mitochondrial removal at the interface of key metabolic pathways affecting the biosynthesis or catabolism of acetyl‐coenzyme A, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, polyamines, as well as fatty acids and amino acids. Molecular switches that integrate the metabolic status of the cell, like AMP‐dependent protein kinase, protein kinase A, mechanistic target of rapamycin and sirtuins, have also emerged as important regulators of mitophagy. In this review, we discuss how metabolic regulation intersects with mitophagy. We place special emphasis on the metabolic regulatory circuits that may be therapeutically targeted to delay ageing and mitochondria‐associated chronic diseases. Moreover, we identify outstanding knowledge gaps, such as the ill‐defined distinction between basal and damage‐induced mitophagy, which must be resolved to boost progress in this area.
Gender stereotypes and hiding low performance
Authors: He Shuya , Noussair Charles N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDo men incur a psychological cost when they are outperformed by a woman competitor? We conduct a laboratory experiment that allows us to measure this cost. The experiment is conducted in both the US and China. In our Chinese sample, men are willing to pay more to hide the fact that they have performed worse than another individual than women are, while there is no gender difference in the US. In China, women are willing to pay more to hide poor performance when losing to another woman than to a man, while in the US, the opposite pattern is observed.
miR‐221 and Parkinson's disease: A biomarker with therapeutic potential
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Ivraghi Mehraveh Sadeghi , Gupta Reena , Prasad K. D. V. , Alsaab Hashem O. , Hussien Beneen M. , Ahmed Hazem , Ramadan Montather F. , Golmohammadi Maryam , Nikbakht Nikta , Oz Tuba , Kujawska Małgorzata 
Published: December 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to various motor and non‐motor symptoms. Several cellular and molecular mechanisms such as alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in post‐transcriptional gene regulation. They are typically about 21–25 nucleotides in length and are involved in the regulation of gene expression by binding to the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. miRNAs like miR‐221 play important roles in various biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. miR‐221 promotes neuronal survival against oxidative stress and neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation. Additionally, the role of miR‐221 in PD has been investigated in several studies. According to the results of these studies, (1) miR‐221 protects PC12 cells against oxidative stress induced by 6‐hydroxydopamine; (2) miR‐221 prevents Bax/caspase‐3 signalling activation by stopping Bim; (3) miR‐221 has moderate predictive power for PD; (4) miR‐221 directly targets PTEN, and PTEN over‐expression eliminates the protective action of miR‐221 on p‐AKT expression in PC12 cells; and (5) miRNA‐221 controls cell viability and apoptosis by manipulating the Akt signalling pathway in PD. This review study suggested that miR‐221 has the potential to be used as a clinical biomarker for PD diagnosis and stage assignment.
Unsettled adoptive identity: Understanding relationship challenges in adopted adolescents' identity narratives
Authors: Lo Albert Y. H. , Grotevant Harold D. , Baden Amanda L. , Hogan Christina M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdopted adolescents create identity narratives conceptualizing their connections to their families of adoption and birth. Previous work with a sample of adoptive adolescents identified a sub‐group who reported negative experiences regarding adoption as part of their navigating of adoptive identity processes (the “Unsettled” group). The current study examined interviews with adolescents in the “Unsettled” group to elucidate these negative experiences, specifically through identifying the relationship challenges linked to adoption. Participants included 30 adopted adolescents (18 females, 12 males) from a longitudinal study of adoptive families. All the adolescents (M age = 15.2 years) were domestically adopted in infancy by heterosexual couples who were the same race as the adolescents (29 White, 1 Mexican American). Thematic analysis revealed six themes reflecting adolescents' relationship challenges as related to adoption, both in terms of interpersonal interactions and how relational experiences influenced adolescents' thoughts and feelings of past, present, and future selves: (a) Negative experiences in relationships with adoptive family members, (b) Negative experiences in relationships with birth family members, (c) Difficulties in the adoptive kinship network, (d) Negative thoughts and feelings toward the self as an adopted person, (e) Negative views toward adoption as a form of building a family, and (f) Negative connections between adoption and future relationships. Multiple subthemes were also identified that built upon topics within the adoption and family systems literature, such as communication among family members, navigation of birth family contact, and adopted adolescents' perceptions of loss. Also identified were four profiles across themes. Implications for mental health providers and adoption professionals are discussed.
Megafire: An ambiguous and emotive term best avoided by science
Authors: Stoof Cathelijne R. , de Vries Jasper R. , Castellnou Ribau Marc , F. Fernández Mariña , Flores David , Galarza Villamar Julissa , Kettridge Nicholas , Lartey Desmond , Moore Peter F. , Newman Thacker Fiona , Prichard Susan J. , Tersmette Pepijn , Tuijtel Sam , Verhaar Ivo , Fernandes Paulo M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs fire regimes are changing and wildfire disasters are becoming more frequent, the term megafire is increasingly used to describe impactful wildfires, under multiple meanings, both in academia and popular media. This has resulted in a highly ambiguous concept.ApproachWe analysed the use of the term ‘megafire’ in popular media to determine its origin, its developments over time, and its meaning in the public sphere. We subsequently discuss how relative the term ‘mega’ is, and put this in the context of an analysis of Portuguese and global data on fire size distribution.ResultsWe found that ‘megafire’ originated in the popular news media over 20 years before it appeared in science. Megafire is used in a diversity of languages, considers landscape fires as well as urban fires, and has a variety of meanings in addition to size. What constitutes ‘mega’ is relative and highly context‐dependent in space and time, given variation in landscape, climate, and anthropogenic controls, and as revealed in examples from the Netherlands, Portugal and the Global Fire Atlas. Moreover, fire size does not equate to fire impact.ConclusionGiven the diverse meanings of megafire in the popular media, we argue that redefining megafire in science potentially leads to greater disparity between science and practice. Megafire is widely used as an emotive term that is best left for popular media. For those wanting to use it in science, what constitutes a megafire should be defined by the context in which it is used, not by a metric of one‐size‐fits‐all.
A pilot study of US HTC physical therapists' concordance of PT MASAC recommendations and educational needs
Authors: Volland Lena , Nichols Cindy , Santaella Maria E. , Lambing Angela , Nammacher Kate , Frick Neil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionPhysical therapists (PTs) are essential providers within the Hemophilia Treatment Centers (HTCs) team caring for persons with inherited blood disorders (PWBD).ObjectiveLittle is known regarding PTs understanding and concordance of MASAC PT Recommendations (MASAC#238), educational resources used to maintain competency and support for a mentorship programme.MethodsPTs at federally funded HTCs were eligible to participate in a descriptive non‐validated study exploring: (i) demographics, (ii) educational background, (iii) experience in evaluation and treatment of PWBD, (iv) practice patterns indicative of concordance with MASAC#238 and (v) opinion regarding PT mentorship.ResultsRespondents experience caring for PWBD ranged 1–36 years, treating both adults and children. Although most acknowledged awareness of MASAC#238, dropout (14/44, 31.8%) was noted; 28/30 (93.3%) who continued were aware of the recommendations. Level of concordance with MASAC#238 varied (range 64.3%–96.2%) regarding: signs/symptoms, treatment of muscle/joint bleeding and pre/post synovectomy and knee replacement treatment. Many PTs identified patients as individual and unique, thus not all recommendations may apply. PTs utilised available educational programmes. No relationships were noted regarding years of practice, education and years caring for PWBD. All respondents favoured a mentorship programme citing benefits, but also outlined barriers.ConclusionsProvision of necessary financial support for optimal function of a full‐time PT within the HTC can enhance standards of care for PWBD. Supporting educational opportunities may enhance concordance with current MASAC PT Recommendations. Respondents valued development of a structured, hands‐on mentorship programme. MASAC#23 has recently been updated in May 2023 to MASAC#275.
Association between nocturnal polyuria and 24‐h blood pressure fluctuations in males with lower urinary tract symptoms: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Kato Yoichiro , Akaihata Hidenori , Takezawa Kentaro , Maekawa Shigekatsu , Matsuoka Kanako , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Kato Renpei , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Nonomura Norio , Obara Wataru 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesNocturnal polyuria (NP) is one of the causes of nocturia that impairs quality of life. It is necessary to consider that NP is latent when the initial treatment for nocturia is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is important to establish a treatment for NP based on the pathophysiology. We have previously reported the relationship between NP and fluctuation in blood pressure. The present study aimed to investigate the association between NP and 24‐h blood pressure fluctuations in a multicenter prospective study.MethodsThis study included male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. We categorized the patients into the nonnocturnal polyuria (non‐NP) group (≤0.33) and the NP group (>0.33) based on the nocturnal polyuria index from the frequency volume chart. We measured the 24‐h diurnal blood pressure and compared the two groups.ResultsAmong 90 patients, 46 in the non‐NP group and 44 in the NP group were included. There was no significant difference in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure during waking time between the two groups; however, the degree of systolic blood pressure reduction during sleep time in the NP group was significantly less than that in the non‐NP group (p = 0.039). In the multivariate analysis, systolic BP during sleep was significantly associated with NP (OR 0.970, p = 0.028).ConclusionNP is associated with inadequate nocturnal blood pressure reduction in males, suggesting that reduction in nocturnal blood pressure may lead to improvement in nocturia.
Changes in parental anxiety and intention to demand antibiotics: A longitudinal study among parents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Alejandro Aaron Lapuz , Bruce Mieghan , Leo Wei Wei Cheryl 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsAssessing the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on parental anxiety and preferences for antibiotic treatment can help inform antibiotic stewardship strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to examine COVID‐19 pandemic‐related changes in parental anxiety levels, their intentions to demand antibiotics and frequencies of practising preventative behaviours.DesignThis longitudinal quantitative study compared two groups of parents, those from Victoria and Western Australia, who experienced high and low COVID‐19 risk, respectively.MethodsParticipants were recruited through an online panel to complete three waves of surveys between October 2020 and August 2021. Anxiety scores and frequency of preventative behaviours were analysed using mixed‐effects tobit regression, considering time, state, and their interaction as fixed effects predictors. Intention to demand antibiotics was modelled using multinomial logistic regression, with time, state, and their interaction as the predictors.ResultsThe final longitudinal sample comprised 50 participants from Victoria and 51 from Western Australia. Parental anxiety did not significantly change over time for either state. Intention to demand antibiotics was also stable over time within each state; however, participants from Victoria exhibited stronger intentions to demand antibiotics compared to those from Western Australia. Frequencies of parental preventative behaviours declined from Wave 1 to Wave 2 before increasing again in Wave 3, but only for Western Australia.ConclusionThis longitudinal study among Australian parents found stable parental anxiety and intention to demand antibiotics within each state. However, the intention to demand antibiotics and preventative behaviours varied between states as per the COVID‐19 risk. Thus, viral pandemics may not affect judicious antibiotic use, though the intention to demand antibiotics may increase in states with high COVID‐19 risk.ImpactThough parental anxiety may not impact antibiotic stewardship during viral respiratory illness outbreaks, tailored messaging to maintain appropriate antibiotic use may be necessary, especially when the disease risk is high.