bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 60‐GHz compact mobile terminal for full‐duplex radio‐on‐fiber system
Authors: Yang Ki Seok , Choi Sung Tae , Kim Yong Hoon , Nishi Seiji , Shimizu Satoru , Tokuda Kiyohito 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA 60‐GHz highly integrated small mobile terminal (MT) with integrated IF modem for a high‐data‐rate millimeter‐wave radio‐on‐fiber communication system is proposed and inspected by the BER and PER experiment between the access point and mobile terminal. This terminal integrates a 60‐GHz transmitter, receiver, and IF modem in one module. To minimize the volume of the mobile terminal, a microstrip line to rectangular waveguide transition, surface‐mountable three‐pole bandpass filter, successive detection‐log video amplifier (SDLVA), and DPSK demodulator are used. As the performance of this mobile terminal is confirmed by the experiment results, it can access the high‐data‐rate (155.52 Mb/s) communication network in the picocell area. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 504–507, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20680
A CPW‐fed L‐shaped slot planar monopole antenna for triple‐band operations
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chung , Huang Chuan‐Chien 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this paper, two L‐shaped slots are introduced in order to obtain triple‐band operation with a planar monopole antenna fed by a 50Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. Prototypes of the proposed antenna with sufficient bandwidths in the 0.9‐, 1.8‐, and 2.15‐GHz bands for GSM, DCS/PCS, and IMT‐2000 systems, respectively, have been constructed and tested. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 510–512, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20682
Pulsed laser polymerization study of the propagation kinetics of acrylamide in water
Authors: Seabrook Shane A. , Tonge Matthew P. , Gilbert Robert G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPulsed laser polymerization was used in conjunction with aqueous‐phase size exclusion chromatography with multi‐angle laser light scattering detection to determine the propagation rate coefficient (kp) for the water‐soluble monomer acrylamide. The influence of the monomer concentration was investigated from 0.3 to 2.8 M, and kp decreased with increasing monomer concentration. These data and data for acrylic acid in water were consistent with this decrease being caused by the depletion of the monomer concentration by dimer formation in water. Two photoinitiators, uranyl nitrate and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) (V‐50), were used; kp was dependent on their concentrations. The concentration dependence of kp was ascribed to a combination of solvent effects arising from association (thermodynamic effects) and changes in the free energy of activation (effects of the solvent on the structure of the reactant and transition state). Arrhenius parameters for kp (M−1 s−1) = 107.2 exp(−13.4 kJ mol−1/RT) and kp (M−1 s−1) = 107.1 exp(−12.9 kJ mol−1/RT) were obtained for 0.002 M uranyl nitrate and V‐50, respectively, with a monomer concentration of 0.32 M. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1357–1368, 2005
Influence of temperature and humidity on the mechanical properties of Nafion® 117 polymer electrolyte membrane
Authors: Bauer F. , Denneler S. , Willert‐Porada M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe dynamic mechanical properties of Nafion® 117 have been measured in‐plane parallel and perpendicular to the lamination direction in a specially designed humidity cell, which allows measurement of the stiffness and mechanic loss under fuel cell relevant temperature and humidity conditions (50–100% relative humidity, 30–120 °C). The results obtained at different temperature–humidity conditions are compared with the mechanical behavior of the dry as well as the membrane saturated with liquid water. Different regimes of change in mechanical properties were found, although in general water acts as a plasticizer in Nafion®. At elevated temperatures it stiffens the membrane by stabilizing the network of hydrophilic clusters. An intermediate increase of mechanical strength at very low humidity levels is attributed to an enforcement by formation of hydrates and hydrogen bridge bonds between vicinal sulfonic acid groups. This increase is significant for the protonated state of the membrane and disappears after ion exchange. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 786–795, 2005
Different secondary structure elements as scaffolds for protein folding transition states of two homologous four‐helix bundles
Authors: Teilum Kaare , Thormann Thorsten , Caterer Nigel R. , Poulsen Heidi I. , Jensen Peter H. , Knudsen Jens , Kragelund Birthe B. , Poulsen Flemming M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractComparison of the folding processes for homologue proteins can provide valuable information about details in the interactions leading to the formation of the folding transition state. Here the folding kinetics of 18 variants of yACBP and 3 variants of bACBP have been studied by Φ‐value analysis. In combination with Φ‐values from previous work, detailed insight into the transition states for folding of both yACBP and bACBP has been obtained. Of the 16 sequence positions that have been studied in both yACBP and bACBP, 5 (V12, I/L27, Y73, V77, and L80) have high Φ‐values and appear to be important for the transition state formation in both homologues. Y31, A34, and A69 have high Φ‐values only in yACBP, while F5, A9, and I74 have high Φ‐values only in bACBP. Thus, additional interactions between helices A2 and A4 appear to be important for the transition state of yACBP, whereas additional interactions between helices A1 and A4 appear to be important for the transition state of bACBP. To examine whether these differences could be assigned to different packing of the residues in the native state, a solution structure of yACBP was determined by NMR. Small changes in the packing of the hydrophobic side‐chains, which strengthen the interactions between helices A2 and A4, are observed in yACBP relative to bACBP. It is suggested that different structure elements serve as scaffolds for the folding of the 2 ACBP homologues. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bio-hydrogen: microbes have their own agenda
Authors: Cammack R. 
Published: February 2005

The international hydrogenase community stages a meeting every 3–4 years, and this time it was held in the University of Reading. Each congress has revealed new aspects of the complex nature of hydrogenases: their structure, molecular mechanisms and biosynthesis are all yielding up their secrets. This following introduction provides background information, and the highlights of the meeting are presented in the papers that follow.
Molybdate-dependent expression of the periplasmic nitrate reductase in Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Authors: Bonnard N. , Tresierra-Ayala A. , Bedmar E.J. , Delgado M.J. 
Published: February 2005

The napEDABC genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum encode the periplasmic nitrate reductase, an Mo-containing enzyme which catalyses the reduction of nitrate to nitrite when oxygen concentrations are limiting. In this bacterium, another set of genes, modABC, code for a high affinity ABC-type Mo transport system. A B. japonicum modA mutant has been obtained that is not capable of growing anaerobically with nitrate and lacks nitrate reductase activity. Under nitrate respiring conditions, when Mo concentrations are limiting, the B. japonicum modA mutant lacked both the 90 kDa protein corresponding to the NapA component of the periplasmic nitrate reductase, and the membrane-bound 25 kDa c-type cytochrome NapC. Regulatory studies using a napE–lacZ fusion indicated that napE expression was highly reduced in the modA mutant background when the cells were incubated anaerobically with nitrate under Mo-deficient conditions.
Extinction probabilities and times to extinction for populations of tsetse flies Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae) subjected to various control measures
Authors: Hargrove J.W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA stochastic branching process was used to derive equations for the mean and variance of the probability of, and time to, extinction in tsetse populations. If the remnant population is a single inseminated female, the extinction probability increases linearly with adult mortality and is always certain if this mortality >3.5% per day even for zero pupal mortality. If the latter mortality is 4% per day, certain extinction is only avoided if adult mortality <1.5% per day. For remnant female populations >1, the extinction probability increases in a non-linear manner with adult mortality. Extinction is still certain for adult mortality >3.5% per day but, when the remnant population is >16, extinction is highly unlikely for adult mortality <2.5% per day if all females are inseminated. Extinction probability increases with increasing probability of sterile mating in much the same way as it does with increasing adult mortality. Extinction is assured if the probability of insemination can be reduced to 0.1. The required reduction decreases with increasing adult mortality. For adult mortality = 6–8% per day, the time to extinction increases only by one generation per order of magnitude increase in the starting population. Time to extinction is less sensitive to changes in the pupal than in the adult mortality. Reductions in the probability of insemination only become important when adult mortality is small; if the adult mortality is 8% per day, reducing the insemination probability from 1 to 0.1 only reduces the expected time to extinction by two generations. Conversely, increases in adult mortality produce important reductions in the required time even when the probability of insemination is 0.1. The practical, economic implication for the sterile insect technique is that the low-tech methods used to suppress tsetse populations should not be halted when the release of sterile males is initiated. The sterile insect technique should only be contemplated when it has been demonstrated that the low-tech methods have failed to effect eradication. The theory is shown to be in good accord with the observed results of tsetse control campaigns involving the use of odour-baited targets in Zimbabwe and the sterile insect technique on Unguja Island, Zanzibar.
A new silverleaf-inducing biotype Ms ofBemisia tabaci(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) indigenous to the islands of the south-west Indian Ocean
Authors: Delatte H. , Reynaud B. , Granier M. , Thornary L. , Lett J.M. , Goldbach R. , Peterschmitt M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFollowing the first detection of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) from R=union (700 km east of Madagascar) in 1997 and the upsurge ofBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) on vegetable crops, two genetic types ofB. tabaciwere distinguished using RAPD–PCR and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequence comparisons. One type was assigned to biotype B and the other was genetically dissimilar to the populations described elsewhere and was named Ms, after the Mascarenes Archipelago. This new genetic type forms a distinct group that is sister to two other groups, one to which the B biotype is a member and one to which the Q biotype belongs. The Ms biotype is thought to be indigenous to the region as it was also detected in Mauritius, the Seychelles and Madagascar. Both B and Ms populations ofB. tabaciinduced silverleaf symptoms onCucurbitasp., and were able to acquire and transmit TYLCV. Taken together these results indicate that the Ms genetic type should be considered a new biotype ofB. tabaci.
Prediction of the distribution ofGlossina tachinoides(Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Volta basin of northern Ghana
Authors: Mahama C.I. , Koné A. , de la Rocque S. , De Deken R. , Geerts S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe classification of a Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite image helped demonstrate prevailing habitat types and land use intensity in the Volta basin of the Northern Region of Ghana. A geo-referenced data layer comprising the capture results of a cross-sectional survey ofGlossina tachinoidesWestwood was over-laid on a data layer of habitat types within 500 m of either bank of the Volta river and its tributaries. An evaluation of the relationship between habitat types and the capture results ofG. tachinoidessuggested a strong preference ofG. tachinoidesfor woodland, followed by shrubland, grassland and flood plains. The findings were used to classify the suitability of habitat types forG. tachinoidesas ‘high’, ‘medium’ and ‘low’ and a prediction map for the distribution ofG. tachinoidesin the entire river network was produced. The usefulness of this method in estimating the potential distribution ofG. tachinoidesin an area of increasing agricultural expansion is discussed.
Role of protein kinase C and oxidative stress in interleukin‐1β‐induced human proximal tubule cell injury and fibrogenesis
Authors: VESEY DAVID A , CHEUNG CATHERINE , ENDRE ZOLTAN , GOBÉ GLENDA , JOHNSON DAVID W 
Published: February 2005

SUMMARY:Background:  Interleukin (IL)‐1β, a pro‐inflammatory macrophage‐derived cytokine, is implicated as a key mediator of interstitial fibrosis and tubular loss or injury in progressive renal insufficiency. This study investigates some of the mechanisms of action of IL‐1β on the proximal tubule.Methods:  Confluent cultures of primary human proximal tubule cells (PTC) were incubated in serum‐free media supplemented with either IL‐1β (0–4 ng/mL), phorbol‐12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA, protein kinase C activator) (6.25–100 nmol/L), or vehicle (control), together with a non‐specific protein kinase C inhibitor (H7), a specific protein kinase C inhibitor (BIM‐1), an anti‐oxidant (NAC) or a NADPH oxidase inhibitor (AEBSF).Results:  Interleukin‐1β‐treated PTC exhibited time‐dependent increases in fibronectin secretion (ELISA), cell injury (LDH release) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) release (Griess assay). Proximal tubule cell DNA synthesis (thymidine incorporation) was also significantly suppressed. The effects of IL‐1β, which were reproduced by incubation of PTC with PMA (6.25–100 nmol/L), were blocked by H7 but not by BIM‐1. The anti‐oxidant (4 mmol/L) partially blocked IL‐1β‐induced fibronectin secretion by PTC, but did not affect IL‐1β‐induced LDH release, RNS release or growth inhibition. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor (AEBSF) significantly attenuated all observed deleterious effects of IL‐1β on PTC.Conclusion:  Interleukin‐1β directly induces proximal tubule injury, extracellular matrix production and  impaired  growth.  The  anti‐oxidant,  NAC,  appears  to  ameliorate  part  of  the  fibrogenic  effect  of IL‐1β on PTC through mechanisms that do not significantly involve protein kinase C activation or nitric oxide release.
A comparative study: The efficacy of liquid paraffin and lactulose in management of chronic functional constipation
Authors: Urganci Nafiye , Akyildiz Basak , Polat Tugçin Bora 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Objectives
: To determine and compare efficacy, safety and optimal dose of two laxatives, liquid paraffin and lactulose, in 40 children with chronic functional constipation.
Methods
: A total of 20 children were treated with liquid paraffin and 20 with lactulose for 8 weeks and at an initial dose of 1 mL/kg per day for both drugs. The dose was adjusted every 3 days as required and a diary was kept to monitor dose, side‐effects, stool frequency and consistency, and other symptoms.
Results
: During first 4 weeks, improvement in stool consistency and frequency was significantly higher in liquid the paraffin group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Improvement in the number of stools per week was also significantly higher in the liquid paraffin group during the last 4 weeks of therapy (P < 0.05).Compliance rates averaged 95% in the liquid paraffin group and 90% in the lactulose group during the first 4 weeks of therapy and 90% in the liquid paraffin group and 60% in the lactulose group during the last 4 weeks of therapy (χ2 = 4.8, SD = 1, P = 0.02). During the first 4 weeks of therapy and during the last 4 weeks of therapy, mostly side‐effects and poor symptom control, respectively, influenced the compliance in the liquid paraffin group.
Conclusions
: Liquid paraffin is more effective in the treatment of children with constipation. Patients treated with liquid paraffin responded more rapidly than patients responding to lactulose and showed fewer side‐effect. It is considered that late response and side‐effects in conjunction with poor symptom control influence the patient compliance and the successful treatment of childhood constipation.
Effects of L‐arginine and L‐carnitine in hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced intestinal injury
Authors: Kabaroglu Ceyda , Akisu Mete , Habif Sara , Mutaf Isil , Turgan Nevbahar , Parildar Zuhal , Özmen Dilek , Bayindir Oya 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
: This study was designed to show the role of oxidative stress, nitric oxide and glutathione‐related antioxidant enzymes in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced intestinal injury model in mice and to evaluate the potential benefits of arginine and carnitine supplementation.
Methods
: A total of 28 young Balb/c mice were divided into four groups: Group 1 (untreated) was given physiological saline before the experiment; group 2 H/R mice were supplemented with L‐arginine; group 3 H/R mice were given L‐carnitine for 7 days; and group 4 mice served as controls. At the end of day 7, H/R injury was induced and intestinal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities were measured.
Results
: MDA levels were higher in the untreated animals than in the other three groups. MDA levels were higher in the L‐arginine‐treated animals than in the L‐carnitine‐treated animals. Nitrate levels were found to be increased in the L‐arginine‐treated group when compared to the controls. GSH‐Px and GR activities were increased in the untreated, the L‐arginine and the L‐carnitine‐treated H/R groups when compared to the control group. GST activities were indifferent between the groups.
Conclusions
: Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of H/R‐induced intestinal injury. The glutathione redox cycle may have a crucial role in the H/R‐induced intestinal injury. L‐arginine and L‐carnitine supplementations ameliorate the histological evidence of H/R‐induced intestinal injury and decrease lipid peroxidation but do not alter the glutathione‐related antioxidant enzyme activities.
Henoch‐Schönlein purpura with hypocomplementemia in children
Authors: Motoyama Osamu , Iitaka Kikuo 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
: The clinical course and prognosis of Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP) associated with hypocomplementemia are not clear.
Methods
: The clinical findings of 10 children with HSP and hypocomplementemia were studied.
Results
: Purpuric rash in all patients, abdominal pain in five, and arthralgia in nine were noted. The findings in HSP were not different from others with HSP. In eight patients, infection preceded hypocomplementemia. Serum levels of CH50, C3 or C4 were depressed variously. Complement levels returned to normal within 5 weeks in all patients. Antistreptolysin‐O (ASO) titer was elevated in all patients and nephritis occurred in eight patients. Six patients had generalized edema and hypertension. Macroscopic hematuria occurred in two patients and heavy proteinuria in five patients. One patient was diagnosed as having poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) combined with HSP nephritis according to renal biopsy findings. In three of eight patients with nephritis, abnormal urinary findings continued for more than 1 year.
Conclusions
: Hypocomplementemia in children with HSP was transient and was not related to severity of HSP. Incidences of elevated ASO titer and nephritis were high. The nephritis resembled PSAGN during the acute stage and long‐term clinical courses varied. These findings suggest PSAGN may be associated with HSP nephritis.
Current guidelines for the management of unstable angina: a new diagnostic and management paradigm*
Authors: Aroney C. , Boyden A. N. , Jelinek M. V. , Thompson P. , Tonkin A. M. , White H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe new guidelines reflect a worldwide change to more sensitive diagnostic strategies and more aggressive management of unstable angina. Stratification to high risk now includes those patients with only a minor degree of electrocardiographic ST depression (0.5 mm) or a significant elevation of cardiac troponin. High‐risk patients are recommended to be treated with intensive medical and invasive management. Intermediate‐risk patients may be best evaluated using an accelerated diagnostic strategy over an 8–12 h period before being reclassified as high or low risk. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 104–111)
Topical application of Bifidobacterium‐fermented soy milk extract containing genistein and daidzein improves rheological and physiological properties of skin
Authors: Miyazaki K. , Hanamizu T. , Sone T. , Chiba K. , Kinoshita T. , Yoshikawa S. 
Published: February 2005

Paper presented in part at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan, Tokyo, September 21, 2000.The authors examined the effects of Bifidobacterium‐fermented soy milk extract (BE) containing genistein and daidzein on the hyaluronic acid (HA) content and rheological and physiological properties of hairless mouse and/or human skin. Topical application of BE for six weeks significantly restored changes in the elasticity and viscoelasticity of mouse skin, increased the HA content, and hydrated and thickened mouse skin. Also, topical application of a gel formula containing 10% BE to the human forearm for three months significantly lessened the decrease in skin elasticity. Therefore, BE is expected to become a new cosmetic ingredient to prevent the loss of skin elasticity through enhancement of HA production.