bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic evolutional analysis of surgical resected specimen to assess osimertinib as a first‐line therapy in two patients with lung cancer harboring EGFR mutation: Case series
Authors: Koba Hayato , Yoneda Taro , Morita Hiroko , Kimura Hideharu , Murase Yuya , Terada Nanao , Tambo Yuichi , Horie Masafumi , Kasahara Kazuo , Matsumoto Isao , Yano Seiji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is crucial for patients with lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations. However, almost all patients experience disease progression, regardless of their response to the targeted therapy, necessitating the development of additional treatment options. Two patients with lung cancer harboring EGFR‐L858R mutations in exon 21 were treated by surgical resection during successful osimertinib treatment. Because the pathological diagnosis was suspected to be pleural metastasis, osimertinib treatment was continued until disease progression. We analyzed the evolution of genomic alterations and the levels of AXL using tumor specimens obtained by repeated biopsies during the course of treatment: initial diagnosis, operation, and disease progression. Genetic alterations detected at the three time points were dramatically changed and showed reductions in numbers, while EGFR‐L858R mutations were detected in all samples tested in both patients. Immunohistochemical expression of AXL remained positive from the beginning of analysis to disease progression. Clonal evolution under oncogenesis is related to gradual accumulation of genomic alterations during tumor growth. However, our case series revealed that volume reduction procedures may cause this phenomenon. Therefore, identification of intrinsic drug‐resistant cells in tumors may be as important as detection of acquired genetic alterations.
A new method for voxel‐based modelling of three‐dimensional forest scenes with integration of terrestrial and airborne LiDAR data
Authors: Li Wenkai , Hu Xiaomei , Su Yanjun , Tao Shengli , Ma Qin , Guo Qinghua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Simulating realistic three‐dimensional (3D) forest scenes is useful in understanding the links between forest structure and ecosystem functions (e.g. radiative transfer). Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology provides useful 3D data for forest reconstructions since it can characterise 3D structures of individual trees and canopies. High‐density terrestrial LiDAR (terrestrial laser scanning, TLS) is suitable for fine‐scale reconstructions but is limited to smaller forest plots; low‐density airborne LiDAR (airborne laser scanning, ALS) can cover larger areas but is only suitable for coarse‐scale reconstructions. How to take advantage of TLS and ALS to enable fine‐scale forest simulations in large areas needs to be studied.

We propose a new voxel‐based method for forest simulations using the integration of TLS and ALS data. TLS data of representative reference trees are used to approximate the detailed architectures of the whole forest scene, with structural information on each individual tree extracted from ALS data. The high‐density point cloud data derived from TLS and ALS data are voxelised using high resolution solid voxels for scene representation. We tested the proposed method using two virtual forests (108 m × 108 m) and a real forest (300 m × 300 m) with conifer and broadleaf species. The physically based ray tracer (PBRT) was used to visualise the true virtual forest scenes, whereas voxel‐based radiative transfer (VBRT) was used to visualise the modelled forest scenes from LiDAR data. For the real forest scene, simulated and real ALS data were compared.

Our results demonstrate that the images simulated by VBRT and PBRT are similar in the virtual forest scenes, with average radiance values of 1.02 and 1.72, respectively. In the real forest scene, the distributions of points and individual tree attributes (tree height, crown radius, and tree volume) derived from real and simulated ALS also match well, with Kullback–Leibler divergence ranging from 0.006 to 0.06.

We conclude that the new method is capable of modelling fine‐scale 3D forests in large areas (over 1 ha) when TLS and ALS data are available, and it has good potential in studying the process of radiative transfer in conifer and broadleaf forests.
The 2024 revision of the Norwegian standard for the safe practice of anaesthesia
Authors: Leonardsen Ann‐Chatrin Linqvist , Haugen Arvid Steinar , Ræder Johan , Finjarn Therese Jenssen , Isern Erik , Aakre Elin K. , Bruun Anne Marie Gran , Hennum Kristoffer , Ramstad Jan Petter , Sand Tina , Monsen Svein Arne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Norwegian standard for the safe practice of anaesthesia was first published in 1991, and revised in 1994, 1998, 2005, 2010 and 2016 respectively. The 1998 version was published in English for the first time in Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica in 2002. It must be noted that this is a national standard, reflecting the specific opportunities and challenges in a Norwegian setting, which may be different from other countries in some respects. A feature of the Norwegian healthcare system is the availability, on a national basis, of specifically highly trained and qualified nurse anaesthetists. Another feature is the geography, with parts of the population living in remote areas. These may be served by small, local emergency hospitals. Emergency transport of patients to larger hospitals is not always achievable when weather conditions are rough. These features and challenges were considered important when designing a balanced and consensus‐based national standard for the safe practice of anaesthesia, across Norwegian clinical settings. In this article, we present the 2024 revision of the document. This article presents a direct translation of the complete document from the Norwegian original.
Risk prediction models in emergency surgery: Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Hansted Anna K. , Møller Morten H. , Møller Ann M. , Burcharth Jakob , Thorup Sofie S. , Vester‐Andersen Morten 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRisk prediction models are used for many purposes in emergency surgery, including critical care triage and benchmarking. Several risk prediction models have been developed, and some are used for purposes other than those for which they were developed. We aim to provide an overview of the existing literature on risk prediction models used in emergency surgery and highlight knowledge gaps.MethodsWe will conduct a scoping review on risk prediction models used for patients undergoing emergency surgery in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). We will search Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library and include all study designs. We aim to answer the following questions: (1) What risk prediction models are used in emergency surgery? (2) Which variables are used in these models? (3) Which surgical specialties are the models used for? (4) Have the models been externally validated? (5) Where have the models been externally validated? (6) What purposes were the models developed for? (7) What are the strengths and limitations of the included models? We will summarize the results descriptively. The certainty of evidence will be evaluated using a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ConclusionThe outlined scoping review will summarize the existing literature on risk prediction models used in emergency surgery and highlight knowledge gaps.
Oomycetes as damping‐off pathogens and functional plant traits associated with the susceptibility of west Australian native plant species
Authors: Shaw Christopher J. , Hardy Giles E. St. J. , Dunstan William A. , Burgess Treena I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDamping‐off oomycete and fungal plant pathogens reduce the germination, emergence, and survival of seedlings. In agricultural systems, this poses a significant problem as it may reduce productivity; in contrast, the impact is more subtle in natural ecosystems and may be essential for maintaining the structure and diversity of plant communities. The oomycete genusPhytophthorais frequently detected in natural plant communities causing disease in mature plants, but it is rarely assessed as a damping‐off pathogen. A pathogenicity experiment was established with five oomycete treatments, three putatively nativePhytophthoraspecies, the invasiveP. cinnamomi, andPythium irregulare, to determine the damping‐off host range in selected plant species from a hyper‐diverse Mediterranean‐type ecosystem. Additionally, plant and seed traits were analysed to determine if they were correlated with susceptibility to pre‐emergent damping‐off.Phytophthora arenariawas the only putatively native generalist damping‐off pathogen, causing 12 of 19 plant species to experience significantly reduced seedling emergence or survival relative to the control treatment.Pythium irregulareand the introducedP. cinnamomicaused significant damping‐off for 12 and 13 plant species, respectively. Plant species that were slowest to germinate and emerge were the most susceptible to pre‐emergence damping‐off caused byP. arenaria. These results suggest native and invasivePhytophthoramay substantially influence the structure and diversity of natural plant communities through damping‐off. While mature plant species are the most common focus inPhytophthoraresearch, our study indicates damping‐off should be considered to determine the full impact of these soil‐borne plant pathogens.
Quality effects of home acquisitions in residential aged care
Authors: Sutton Nicole , Ma Nelson , Yang Jin Sug , Lin Jiali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe recent consolidation of the Australian residential aged care market has raised concerns about the potential adverse effects of acquisition activity on quality of care (QoC). We examined changes in QoC outcomes within acquired homes and the influence of the acquiring providers' characteristics on these post‐acquisition outcomes.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted using de‐identified data sets obtained under the legal authority of the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety. Regression analysis was used to investigate post‐acquisition changes in QoC outcomes for 225 Australian home acquisitions between 2015 and 2019. The outcomes were analysed for the first two full financial years before and after the acquisition.ResultsAfter controlling for other factors, we find acquired homes were associated with significantly worse QoC outcomes in the 2 years after acquisition, with higher rates of hospitalisations and reported complaints to the regulator. However, these results were driven by homes acquired by providers that were smaller in scale, for‐profit or had comparatively poorer average quality across the other homes they operated.ConclusionsOur finding that homes' QoC on average declines in the first 2 years following acquisition, are consistent with studies in other countries and points to the potential risks that consolidation poses to the care delivered to older people in Australia during that period.
Who claims the federal adoption tax credit? Those who know about it
Authors: Wallace Cullen T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research investigates which individuals are aware of and claim the federal adoption tax credit. Using a probit model, I find that the probability that one claims the credit increases with one's income and is lower for Black adoptive parents compared to White ones. These discrepancies in usage stem from different probabilities of knowing about the credit. However, conditional on awareness, I find that the probability of claiming the credit is no different among members of differing income or racial groups, implying that a direct way to increase take‐up of the tax credit could simply be increasing awareness of it.
Changes in intraocular pressure during the first 24 h after transscleral cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Rasmuson Erika , Lindén Christina , Lundberg Björn , Jóhannesson Gauti 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo estimate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) during the first 24 h after transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TCP).MethodsA prospective single‐centre study, where patients with glaucoma destined for treatment with TCP were asked for participation. The IOP was measured prior to TCP and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post‐TCP. An IOP spike was defined as an elevation of IOP of ≥5 mmHg compared with baseline. The visual acuity (VA) was examined at baseline and after 24 h.ResultsThe mean IOP prior to TCP in 58 eyes of 58 patients was 26.2 (±8.9 SD) mmHg. Twenty‐three eyes (40%) experienced an IOP spike at some examination timepoint during the first 24 h. The mean value of the IOP spike was 12.1 (±6.9) mmHg. Fifty‐six per cent of the eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) experienced an IOP spike, and 16% had an IOP spike ≥20 mmHg. The IOP was significantly reduced at the 24 h examination by 8.1 (±7.8) mmHg (n = 58). The VA 24 h after TCP was unchanged compared with baseline.ConclusionClinically significant IOP spikes were common in the first 24 h post‐TCP. Almost one in five eyes had an increase of 10 mmHg and in almost one in 10 eyes, the IOP increase was 20 mmHg or higher. Eyes with PEXG had a higher occurrence of IOP spikes and displayed a greater magnitude of IOP elevation. Prophylactic post‐operative IOP‐lowering medication should be considered to prevent further glaucoma damage.
Zoti's Social Toolkit: Developing and piloting novel animated tasks to assess emotional understanding and conflict resolution skills in childhood
Authors: Lloyd‐Esenkaya Vanessa , Russell Ailsa J. , St Clair Michelle C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrent methods used to investigate emotional inference and conflict resolution knowledge are limited in their suitability for use with children with language disorders due to a reliance on language processing. This is problematic, as nearly 8% of the population are estimated to have developmental language disorder (DLD). In this paper, we present ‘Zoti's Social Toolkit’, a set of animated scenarios that can be used to assess emotion inferencing and conflict resolution knowledge. All animated scenarios contain interpersonal situations centred around a gender‐neutral alien named Zoti. Four studies investigated the face and construct validity of the stimuli. The final stimulus set can be used with children, who may or may not have language difficulties and is openly available for use in research.
The relationship between the Big Five personality traits and earnings: Evidence from a meta‐analysis
Authors: Vella Melchior 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis meta‐analysis examines the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and earnings. The results reveal that openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion exhibit positive correlations with earnings, whereas agreeableness and neuroticism are inversely correlated with earnings. Overall, personality has a modest‐to‐small effect on earnings, with variations in results depending on econometric models used. Accounting for publication bias, socioeconomic background, and cognitive ability in models affects effect sizes. The findings also underscore the potential for omitted variable bias in the reported personality effects on earnings when relevant factors are omitted from the earnings equation.
A theory of entry dissuasion
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Fanti Luciano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn an industry with homogeneous goods, this note compares the standard incumbent's strategic capacity choice versus the incumbent's pre‐emptive payment (profit) transfer (PPT) strategy (i.e., pre‐entry acquisition). It is shown that via the transfer option, the incumbent holds its monopoly position “dissuading” the potential competitor entry for a range of fixed costs larger than under strategic capacity. Moreover, in that range, at least one firm is better off under PPT, while the other is indifferent between PPT and capacity choice. That is, in contestable markets, the incumbent can keep its dominant position in an easier way than standard models predict.
Concurrent targeting of GSK3 and MEK as a therapeutic strategy to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fukuda Junki , Kosuge Shinya , Satoh Yusuke , Sekiya Sho , Yamamura Ryodai , Ooshio Takako , Hirata Taiga , Sato Reo , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Nakamura Toru , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Hatanaka Yutaka , Hirano Satoshi , Sonoshita Masahiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. However, drug discovery for PDAC treatment has proven complicated, leading to stagnant therapeutic outcomes. Here, we identify Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) as a therapeutic target through a whole‐body genetic screening utilizing a ‘4‐hit’ Drosophila model mimicking the PDAC genotype. Reducing the gene dosage of GSK3 in a whole‐body manner or knocking down GSK3 specifically in transformed cells suppressed 4‐hit fly lethality, similar to Mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), the therapeutic target in PDAC we have recently reported. Consistently, a combination of the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 and the MEK inhibitor trametinib suppressed the phosphorylation of Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) as well as the growth of orthotopic human PDAC xenografts in mice. Additionally, reducing PLK1 genetically in 4‐hit flies rescued their lethality. Our results reveal a therapeutic vulnerability in PDAC that offers a treatment opportunity for patients by inhibiting multiple targets.
Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates atrial fibrillation by inhibiting the expression of PIM1
Authors: Liang Hao , Zhang Na , Zhao Le , Wang Qingsong , An Yu , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is known to exert a cardioprotective effect, while its mechanism in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly defined. Accordingly, isoprenaline (ISO) was applied to establish the rat AF model, and then GA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day) was administrated to these rats for a total of 21 days. The fibrosis and pathological conditions of rat atrial tissues were observed. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was adopted to calculate the levels of proto‐oncogene serine/threonine‐protein kinase Pim1 (PIM1) and Interleukin (IL)‐4/6/13/17. For in‐vitro experiments, isolated cardiac fibroblasts received the transfection with PIM1‐specific overexpression plasmid or siPIM1 and the treatment with ISO. Subsequently, cell viability was gauged by cell counting kit‐8 assay. The protein levels of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), collagen I and III, transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐β1) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (Smad7) were measured by western blot. GA led to the shortened duration of AF and alleviated myocardial fibrosis and atrial tissue lesions in ISO‐treated AF rats in vivo. Meanwhile, GA inhibited the expressions of PIM1 and IL‐4/6/13/17 in the atrial tissue of AF model rats. In the meantime, enhanced cell viability, inhibited expressions of PIM1, IL‐4/6/13/17, α‐SMA, collagen‐I, collagen‐III and TGF‐β1, and promoted Smad7 expression were observable in ISO‐treated cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Oppositely, the effects of GA were reversed following PIM1 overexpression, while knockdown of PIM1 enhanced the effects of GA on cardiac fibroblasts. Collectively speaking, GA alleviates AF through suppressing the expression of PIM1.
Capsaicin derivatives: Synthesis and biological activity
Authors: Liu Shun , Zheng Xing , Wu Jiao , Zeng Yiqian , Wei Xueni , Li Anfeng , Yao Xu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCapsaicin is the main active ingredient of chili peppers and the most pungent alkaloid. It is reported that capsaicin has many pharmacological effects such as analgesia, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti‐obesity. However, the application of capsaicin is limited by its adverse side effects, such as stomach irritation, stomach cramps, and burning sensation. In recent years, many capsaicin derivatives have been synthesized and their biological activities have been evaluated. Some capsaicin derivatives have shown promising activities in cells and animal models. Herein, we described the synthesis and biological activity of capsaicin and its derivatives. It is hoped that the insights obtained in this perspective will facilitate the synthesis of a second generation of capsaicin analogs with improved biological activities.
Investigating if high‐quality kindergarten teachers sustain the pre‐K boost to children's emergent literacy skill development in North Carolina
Authors: Carr Robert C. , Jenkins Jade M. , Watts Tyler W. , Peisner‐Feinberg Ellen S. , Dodge Kenneth A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that high‐quality kindergarten teachers sustain and amplify the skill development of children who participated in North Carolina's NC Pre‐K program during the previous year, compared to matched non‐participants (N = 17,330; 42% African American, 40% Non‐Hispanic White, 15% Hispanic; 51% male; Mage = 4.5 years at fall of pre‐K). Kindergarten teacher quality was measured using a “value‐added” approach. NC Pre‐K participants outperformed non‐participants in the fall of kindergarten (β = .22) and 11% of this boost remained evident by the spring of kindergarten. Higher value‐added teachers promoted the skill development of all children (β = .30 in the spring) but did not differentially benefit the skill development of former NC Pre‐K participants compared to non‐participants.
Associations between gender and health‐related quality of life in people with IgE‐mediated food allergy and their caregivers: A systematic review
Authors: Rosser Sophie A. , Lloyd Melanie , Hu Alice , Loke Paxton , Tang Mimi L. K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding factors that impact health‐related quality of life (HRQL) is essential to inform personalised food allergy management. However, there are inconsistencies about the impact of gender on HRQL in food allergy. This review aimed to collate all investigations of the association between gender and total or subdomain HRQL scores of individuals with food allergy and their caregivers.DesignThis is a narrative systematic review. We descriptively synthesised and compared HRQL outcomes by participant and parent genders according to statistical and clinical significance. Study quality was assessed using the ROBINS‐I, inclusive of all domains. Sensitivity analysis of non‐interventional studies was conducted using the ROBINS‐E.Data SourcesA systematic search of Medline and Embase databases was conducted on 4 April 2022 and updated on 5 December 2023.Eligibility CriteriaStudies were eligible for inclusion if they reported original data on the association between any sex and/or gender and HRQL, as measured with any validated instrument, in populations with IgE‐mediated food allergy. Interventional and non‐interventional studies were eligible.ResultsA comparison of 34 eligible studies (10 interventional and 24 non‐interventional) indicated females with food allergy (62.5% of studies of children, 83.3% of studies of adults) and mothers of children with food allergy (50% of studies of caregivers) experienced poorer self‐reported baseline HRQL than their counterparts, notably in domains of physical, emotional or food anxiety‐related well‐being. Gender differences in child HRQL after food allergen immunotherapy were observed. However, selective reporting in included interventional studies meant the direction of this association could not be determined. The proxy‐reported total HRQL of participants was not affected by caregiver gender, nor was caregiver HRQL likely impacted by child gender.ConclusionsGender should be considered an important modifier of participant HRQL outcomes in food allergy studies. Purposeful exploration of HRQL in all genders is needed to fully understand the implications of this construct on the lived experience of food allergy.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42022329901).