bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mice plague and the assemblage of beastly landscapes in regional and rural Australia
Authors: Randell‐Moon Holly 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBeginning in the spring of 2020, a mouse and rat plague spread across the rural grain belt in New South Wales, Australia. Lasting for almost 10 months, the plague was described by the local media as a ‘horror’ which ‘terrorised’ farmers and ‘ravaged’ farms. Focusing predominantly on news media reporting of the plague, this article shows how the mice and rats were constructed as abject matter out of place. This construction reveals how the interspecies dynamics of managing pests render rural landscapes vulnerable and unsettle colonial imaginaries regarding the management of the Australian environment. The plague signals a disturbance of the ‘natural’ order of things where the landscape is ‘normally’ anthropocentrically managed for monocultural farming. Drawing on Chris Philo and Chris Wilbert's identification of ‘beastly spaces’, this article explores the plague as facilitating a beastly landscape that radically de‐centres human control and investment in the environment.
Lyme rashes disease classification using deep feature fusion technique
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Anwar Muhammad , Nauman Muhammad , Faheem Muhammad , Rashid Javed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAutomatic classification of Lyme disease rashes on the skin helps clinicians and dermatologists’ probe and investigate Lyme skin rashes effectively. This paper proposes a new in‐depth features fusion system to classify Lyme disease rashes. The proposed method consists of two main steps. First, three different deep learning models, Densenet201, InceptionV3, and Exception, were trained independently to extract the deep features from the erythema migrans (EM) images. Second, a deep feature fusion mechanism (meta classifier) is developed to integrate the deep features before the final classification output layer. The meta classifier is a basic deep convolutional neural network trained on original images and features extracted from base level three deep learning models. In the feature fusion mechanism, the last three layers of base models are dropped out and connected to the meta classifier. The proposed deep feature fusion method significantly improved the classification process, where the classification accuracy was 98.97%, which is particularly impressive than the other state‐of‐the‐art models.
The apocarotenoid β‐ionone regulates the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana and increases its resistance against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Felemban Abrar , Moreno Juan C. , Mi Jianing , Ali Shawkat , Sham Arjun , AbuQamar Synan F. , Al‐Babili Salim 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYCarotenoids are isoprenoid pigments indispensable for photosynthesis. Moreover, they are the precursor of apocarotenoids, which include the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs) as well as retrograde signaling molecules and growth regulators, such as β‐cyclocitral and zaxinone. Here, we show that the application of the volatile apocarotenoid β‐ionone (β‐I) to Arabidopsis plants at micromolar concentrations caused a global reprogramming of gene expression, affecting thousands of transcripts involved in stress tolerance, growth, hormone metabolism, pathogen defense, and photosynthesis. This transcriptional reprogramming changes, along with induced changes in the level of the phytohormones ABA, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, led to enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to the widespread necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea (B.c.) that causes the gray mold disease in many crop species and spoilage of harvested fruits. Pre‐treatment of tobacco and tomato plants with β‐I followed by inoculation with B.c. confirmed the effect of β‐I in increasing the resistance to this pathogen in crop plants. Moreover, we observed reduced susceptibility to B.c. in fruits of transgenic tomato plants overexpressing LYCOPENE β‐CYCLASE, which contains elevated levels of endogenous β‐I, providing a further evidence for its effect on B.c. infestation. Our work unraveled β‐I as a further carotenoid‐derived regulatory metabolite and indicates the possibility of establishing this natural volatile as an environmentally friendly bio‐fungicide to control B.c.
Acetylation of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan‐I is catalyzed by a suite of trichome birefringence‐like proteins
Authors: Zhong Ruiqin , Cui Dongtao , Richardson Elizabeth A. , Ye Zheng‐Hua 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYPlant cell wall polysaccharides, including xylan, mannan, xyloglucan, and pectins, are often acetylated and members of the domain of unknown function 231 (DUF231)/trichome birefringence‐like (TBL) family have been shown to be O‐acetyltransferases mediating the acetylation of xylan, mannan, and xyloglucan. However, little is known about the O‐acetyltransferases responsible for pectin acetylation. In this report, we biochemically characterized a suite of Arabidopsis DUF231/TBL proteins for their roles in pectin acetylation. We generated 24 TBL recombinant proteins in mammalian cells and demonstrated that 10 of them were able to transfer acetyl groups from acetyl‐CoA onto the pectins homogalacturonan (HG) or rhamnogalacturonan‐I (RG‐I), and thus were named pectin O‐acetyltransferase 1 to 10 (POAT1 to 10). It was found that POAT2,4,9,10 specifically acetylated HG and POAT5,6 acetylated RG‐I, whereas POAT1,3,7,8 could act on both HG and RG‐I. The acetylation of HG and RG‐I by POATs was further corroborated by hydrolysis with pectin acetylesterases and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, mutations of the conserved GDS and DXXH motifs in POAT3 and POAT8 were shown to lead to a loss of their ability to acetylate HG and RG‐I. Furthermore, simultaneous RNA interference downregulation of POAT1,3,6,7,8 resulted in reduced cell expansion, impaired plant growth, and decreased pectin acetylation. Together, our findings indicate that these POATs are pectin O‐acetyltransferases involved in acetylation of the pectin polysaccharides HG and RG‐I.
Adjunctive fixation of the humeral epicondyle in a lateral condylar fracture model: Ex vivo comparison of pins and plates with a novel composite (AdhFix)
Authors: Quinn Robert J. , Höglund Odd V. , Hutchinson Daniel J. , Opande Lola , Lim Edward , Birgersson Ulrik , Granskog Viktor , Malkoch Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the biomechanical properties of using a novel composite construct (AdhFix) to an interfragmentary Kirschner wire or a reconstruction plate as adjunctive epicondylar stabilization in simulated lateral unicondylar humeral fractures.Study designCadaveric biomechanical assessment.Sample populationPaired humeri harvested from skeletally mature dogs (14–41 kg), nine cadavers per group.MethodsSimulated lateral unicondylar humeral fractures were stabilized with a transcondylar 4.5 mm cortical screw placed in lag fashion. Adjunct fixations consisting of a novel composite incorporating 2.7 mm cortical screws on one side, and either a 2.7 mm reconstruction plate or a 1.6 mm Kirschner wire on the contralateral side, were tested within paired humeri. Repaired humeri were axially loaded to failure and construct stiffness, yield load, and ultimate load were obtained from the load‐deformation curves.ResultsIn pairwise comparison, yield load was significantly higher for AdhFix group compared to the pin group, p = .016. No statistical significance was seen in the comparison between AdhFix group and the plate group, p = .25.ConclusionAdhfix was mechanically superior to K‐wires, and comparable to plate fixation, for adjunctive fixation in a lateral humeral condylar model. Our results support further investigation of the novel composite for adjunct fracture fixation in lateral humeral condylar fractures.Clinical significanceThe novel composite tested may be a viable alternative for adjunct fixation of humeral condylar fractures, a technique that circumvents plate contouring.
Realising residually finite groups as subgroups of branch groups
Authors: Kionke Steffen , Schesler Eduard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe prove that every finitely generated, residually finite group embeds into a finitely generated perfect branch group such that many properties of are preserved under this embedding. Among those are the properties of being torsion, being amenable and not containing a non‐abelian free group. As an application, we construct a finitely generated, non‐amenable torsion branch group.
Reacting Flow Prediction of the Low-Swirl Lifted Flame in an Aeronautical Combustor With Angular Air Supply
Authors: Hoffmann Sven , Koch Rainer , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The development of lean-burn combustion systems is of paramount importance for reducing the pollutant emissions of future aero engine generations. By tilting the burners of an annular combustor in circumferential direction relative to the rotational axis of the engine, the potential of increased combustion stability is opened up due to an enhanced exhaust gas recirculation between adjacent flames. The innovative gas turbine combustor concept, called the short helical combustor (SHC), allows the main reaction zone to be operated at low equivalence ratios. To exploit the higher stability of the fuel-lean combustion, a low-swirl lifted flame is implemented in the staggered SHC burner arrangement. The objective is to reach ultralow NOx emissions by complete evaporation and extensive premixing of fuel and air upstream of the lean reaction zone. In this work, a modeling approach is developed to investigate the characteristics of the lifted flame in an enclosed single-burner configuration, using the gaseous fuel methane. It is demonstrated that by using the large eddy simulation method, the shape and liftoff height of the flame are adequately reproduced by means of the finite-rate chemistry approach. For the numerical prediction of the lean lifted flame in the SHC arrangement, the focus is on the interaction of adjacent burners. It is shown that the swirling jet flow is deflected toward the sidewall of the staggered combustor dome, which is attributed to the asymmetrical confinement. Since the stabilization mechanism of the low-swirl flame relies on outer recirculation zones, the upstream transport of hot combustion products back to the flame base is studied by the variation of the combustor confinement ratio. It turns out that increasing the combustor size amplifies the exhaust gas recirculation along the sidewall, and increases the temperature of recirculating burned gases. This study emphasizes the capability of the proposed lean-burn combustor concept for future aero engine applications.
Advanced Modeling of Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Disk Cavities Using Open-Source Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Gao Feng , Chew John W. , Marxen Olaf , Sun Zixiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Code_Saturne, an open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, has been applied to a range of problems related to turbomachinery internal air systems. These include a closed rotor–stator disk cavity, a co-rotating disk cavity with radial outflow and a co-rotating disk cavity with axial throughflow. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations and large eddy simulations (LES) are compared with experimental data and previous direct numerical simulation and LES results. The results demonstrate Code_Saturne's capabilities for predicting flow and heat transfer inside rotating disk cavities. The Boussinesq approximation was implemented for modeling centrifugally buoyant flow and heat transfer in the rotating cavity with axial throughflow. This is validated using recent experimental data and CFD results. Good agreement is found between LES and RANS modeling in some cases, but for the axial throughflow cases, advantages of LES compared to URANS are significant for a high Reynolds number condition. The wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) method is recommended for balancing computational accuracy and cost in engineering applications.
Plume Spreading Due to Floor Conditions of a Plunging Liquid Jet Using Stereographic Backlit Imaging
Authors: Pillers Roy A. , Heindel Theodore J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plunging liquid jets are a multiphase flow studied to understand how gas is entrained in a liquid and the resulting mixing capabilities. From existing literature, it has been hypothesized that rising bubbles play a noticeable role in the multiphase hydrodynamics of the plunging liquid jet bubble plume and that separating the rising bubbles from the incoming liquid jet can result in a significant increase in the depth of the bubble plume. This study explores the effects of separating the incoming liquid jet from the rising bubble plume through floor interactions and compression effects due to a finite tank depth. This configuration is found in many natural and industrial systems, but not within published literature. Using existing theoretical models of infinite depth plunging liquid jet systems, which align reasonably well with captured baseline data, two models are developed for when floor interactions are present, one theoretical and one empirical. The models show a correlation between plume spread and floor interaction with the incoming plunging liquid jet bubble plume. Data acquired through stereographic backlit imaging over a range of flow rates show a reasonable agreement with the proposed models.
Effect of Perforation on Vortex Characteristics of a Microvortex Generator Mounted on a Flat Plate
Authors: Khare Abhishek , Khurana Shashank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effects of perforation on the characteristics of the downstream vortex of a microvortex generator (MVG) mounted on a flat plate, are numerically investigated in this paper. A single rectangular MVG with circular and square perforation, at different locations on the MVG, is mounted on a flat plate at 16 deg installation angle with respect to the flow direction. The MVG is placed inside a turbulent boundary layer at Reynolds number of 16,293 based on MVG height and freestream velocity. The analysis is conducted using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling. The results of the analysis show that the MVG vortex is most effective when the perforation is located at the center and lower side of the MVG. The vortex strength for MVG with this perforated location is found to be much higher than the MVG without any perforation.
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Crack Length Estimation From Acoustic Emission Signal Signatures
Authors: Ennis Shane , Giurgiutiu Victor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the classification of fatigue crack length using artificial intelligence (AI) applied to acoustic emission (AE) signals. The AE signals were collected during fatigue testing of two specimen types. One specimen type had a 1-mm hole for crack initiation. The other specimen type had a 150-µm wide slit of various lengths. Fatigue testing was performed under stress intensity factor control to moderate crack advancement. The slit specimen produced AE signals only from crack advancement at the slit tips, whereas the 1-mm hole specimens produced AE signals from both crack tip advancement and crack rubbing or clapping. The AE signals were captured with a piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) array connected to MISTRAS instrumentation and aewin software. The collected AE signals were preprocessed using time-of-flight filtering and denoising. Choi Williams transform converted time domain AE signals into spectrograms. To apply machine learning, the spectrogram images were used as input data for the training, validation, and testing of a GoogLeNet convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN was trained to sort the AE signals into crack length classes. CNN performance enhancements, including synthetic data generation and class balancing, were developed. A three-class example with crack lengths of (i) 10–12 mm, (ii) 12–14 mm, and (iii) 14–16 mm is provided. Our AI approach was able to classify the AE signals into these three classes with 91% accuracy, thus proving that the AE signals contain sufficient information for crack estimation using an AI-enabled approach.
Underwater Impulsive Response of a Sandwich Structure With a Multilayer Foam Core
Authors: An Zhengsong , Chen Yong , Huang Wei , Yu Lin , Deng Sihua , Liu Jiayi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The coupling between fluid–solid interaction (FSI) and structural response is a crucial factor in understanding the resistance of sandwich structures to underwater blasts. In this study, we present a theoretical model that predicts the dynamic response of multilayer foam core sandwich beams subjected to underwater impulses. We carried out a time-scale intercoupling analysis by considering the compressible core in both incident impulse and structural response. In the incident impulse coupling phase, the one-dimensional fluid–structure interaction in terms of cavitation evolution is conducted to obtain the incident pressure profile. A four inter-stages response model is proposed for further analyzing the structural response coupling phase and its coupling with core strength. Explicit finite element calculations are performed to verify the theoretical results in terms of the velocity profile, transverse deflection, and core compression. The results suggest that the interaction between the four stages of the dynamic response is significantly influenced by the impulsive intensity and core strength, and the sandwich beam does not undergo all the four stages. The equivalent core strength used in the theoretical analysis is confirmed accurate to predict the impact resistance of the corresponding graded core sandwich beam, which is inferior to the sandwich beam with uniform cores, despite having the same areal mass.
Granular Flow in Novel Octet Shape–Based Lattice Frame Material
Authors: Kaur Inderjot , Aider Youssef , Cho Heejin , Singh Prashant 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moving packed-bed heat exchangers in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants involves heat transfer between heated falling particles and supercritical carbon dioxide. The overall effective thermal conductivity of the moving packed bed and particle-side channel contact resistances are still the bottlenecks in achieving the desirable thermal transport levels. To this end, a novel moving packed bed heat exchanger consisting of an Octet lattice packed between the walls of the particle-side channel is proposed in this study. Granular flow analysis in Octet lattice moving packed bed heat exchanger (OLHX) was conducted through experiments and discrete element method (DEM)-based numerical simulations. The experimental images clearly demonstrated stagnation regions upstream of lattice fibers, void regions downstream of the fiber junctions, and wavy-type unobstructed flow on the lateral sides of the fibers. DEM simulations were successful in capturing all these critical flow phenomena. Larger flow velocities were observed on the lateral sides of the fibers in the simulations. Also, when the particles in the silo were emptied, the final images showed an accumulation of particles on the inter-fiber as well as fiber–channel wall junctions. Moreover, the fiber connections resulted in some regions devoid of particle contact on the channel endwall, which means that these regions would suffer from poor thermal exchange. The overall mass flowrate increased with increasing porosity for a fixed particle diameter.
Draft genome sequence of a highly proteolytic
Staphylococcus aureus
USA300 isolate from human urine
Authors: Jackson Jessica K. , Kennedy Sarah J. , Felton Emily A. , Cella Eleonora , Lima Amorce , Becker Deanna , Silbert Suzane , Kim Kami , Azarian Taj , Shaw Lindsey N. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

The secreted proteases of
Staphylococcus aureus
have been shown to be critical during infection. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
S. aureus
TGH337, a hyper-proteolytic USA300 strain isolated from human urine.
A group B
Streptococcus
indexed transposon mutant library to accelerate genetic research on an important perinatal pathogen
Authors: Bhavana Venkata H. , Hillebrand Gideon H. , Gopalakrishna Kathyayini P. , Rapp Rebekah A. , Ratner Adam J. , Tettelin Hervé , Hooven Thomas A. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) is a major contributor to sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia in newborns. Indexed bacterial mutant libraries accelerate pathogenesis research by allowing rapid screening of genes that contribute to disease. In this study, we created and characterized a large-scale GBS indexed library of
Himar1
mini-transposon mutant strains grown as monocultures from a mixed transposon insertion library that we had previously used for transposon-genome junction sequencing. We used a high-throughput workflow to identify transposon insertion sites in chromosomal DNA purified from individual mutants. Following quality control steps and the removal of isogenic duplicate strains, we isolated 1,919 monocultures of unique transposon insertion mutants with even dispersion across the GBS genome. Our final library, stored in barcoded, traceable glycerol stocks, contains interruptions of 878 genes and 253 intergenic regions. We also validated select library mutants with confirmatory PCR and, when possible, specific phenotypic testing. While the library contains only sparse interruptions of essential or near-essential genes, the genes represented in the set span a wide range of predicted functional categories, including roles in metabolism, structure, and virulence. In conclusion, we developed and applied a high-throughput molecular analysis and bioinformatic pipeline to generate a GBS indexed library of unprecedented scale that we believe will be a useful genetic tool for fellow GBS researchers.

IMPORTANCE

Group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) is a significant global cause of serious infections, most of which affect pregnant women, newborns, and infants. Studying GBS genetic mutant strains is a valuable approach for learning more about how these infections are caused and is a key step toward developing more effective preventative and treatment strategies. In this resource report, we describe a newly created library of defined GBS genetic mutants, containing over 1,900 genetic variants, each with a unique disruption to its chromosome. An indexed library of this scale is unprecedented in the GBS field; it includes strains with mutations in hundreds of genes whose potential functions in human disease remain unknown. We have made this resource freely available to the broader research community through deposition in a publicly funded bacterial maintenance and distribution repository.