bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CSF cytology of common primary CNS neoplasms categorized by CNS WHO 2021
Authors: Salimian Mohammad , Viaene Angela N. , Chiang Jason , Ho Cheng‐Ying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe detection of neoplastic cells in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is pivotal for the management of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours. This article delves into the CSF cytological characteristics of common CNS neoplasms, aligning with the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumours.MethodsA retrospective review of CSF specimens positive for primary CNS neoplasms was performed at three tertiary medical centres. Only cases that had histopathologic confirmation and/or molecular workup were included.ResultsCommon primary CNS neoplasms seen in CSF cytology specimens include medulloblastoma, (non‐WNT/non‐SHH as well as SHH‐activated and TP53 mutant), pineoblastoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT), IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma, and primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the CNS. Ependymomas and germinomas can also have CSF involvement but are less common. Although the typical histologic architecture of these tumours may not be preserved in the CSF, unique cytomorphologic features such as nuclear moulding, nuclear pleomorphism, rhabdoid cells, prominent nucleoli and rosette formation can still be appreciated.ConclusionAdopting the updated terminology and correlating cytologic observations with molecular findings will streamline the diagnostic process, reducing the complexities and ambiguities pathologists often encounter when analysing CSF specimens for potential primary CNS neoplasms.
Early improvement of global longitudinal strain after iron deficiency correction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Sutil‐Vega Mario , Rizzo Marcelo , Colomer‐Asenjo Íngrid , Taibi Fadwa , Castaldo Francesca , del Castillo‐Vázquez Pablo , Mallofré Núria , Torres‐Ruiz Gabriel , Rojas Paola , Martínez‐Rubio Antonio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency correction with ferric carboxymaltose improves symptoms and reduces rehospitalization in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. The mechanisms underlying these improvements are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine changes in left ventricular contractility after iron treatment as reflected in global longitudinal strain.MethodsProspective single‐center study including 43 adults with reduced ejection fraction, non‐anemic iron deficiency, and functional class II‐III heart failure despite optimal medical treatment. Global longitudinal strain through speckle‐tracking echocardiography was measured at baseline and 4 weeks after ferric carboxymaltose.ResultsA significant improvement in global longitudinal strain was detected (from −12.3% ± 4.0% at baseline to −15.6% ± 4.1%, p < .001); ferritin and transferrin saturation index had increased, but ejection fraction presented no significant changes (baseline 35.7% ± 4.6%, follow‐up 37.2% ± 6.6%, p = .073).ConclusionsIn patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, the correction of iron deficiency with ferric carboxymaltose is associated with an early improvement in global longitudinal strain, possibly suggesting a direct effect of iron correction on myocardial contractility.
Contextualizing singlehood among young adults: Exploring the meanings and perceived reasons for being single
Authors: Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Jamison Tyler B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe explored how young adults discussed their experiences with singlehood and their reasons for being single.BackgroundDespite singlehood being normative during young adulthood, less research has focused on the diversity of singlehood compared to that of romantic involvement.MethodIn Study 1, 35 young adults participated in in‐depth qualitative interviews about their romantic histories. We explored singlehood meanings and reasons in the context of their relationship histories. In Study 2 we used data from 155 single young adults to explore the factor structure, internal reliability, and initial validity of the Reasons for Being Single (RBS) scale, which we developed for this study.ResultsIn Study 1 we found that singlehood is not simply the time in‐between relationships, but represents its own, unique aspect of romantic development. In Study 2, our analyses indicated that the RBS was comprised of three subscales: (a) self‐defeating reasons, (b) self‐enhancing reasons, and (c) lack of interest. Self‐defeating reasons were negatively associated with young adult well‐being, whereas self‐enhancing and lack‐of‐interest reasons were positively associated with young adult well‐being.ConclusionSinglehood, like other aspects of young adults' romantic lives, is a diverse and varied experience. Singlehood is also neither an entirely positive nor entirely negative experience. Yet, framing singlehood more positively may aid well‐being.ImplicationsWithin relationship education, being single should be treated as a diverse experience. Helping single young adults gain clarity around why they are single and identify their romantic goals may increase the efficacy of relationship education efforts.
Safety and feasibility of same‐day discharge following uncomplicated transvenous lead extraction
Authors: Gianni Carola , Elchouemi Mohanad , Helmy Rami , Spinetta Lauryn , La Fazia Vincenzo Mirco , Pierucci Nicola , Asfour Issa , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Bassiouny Mohamed A. , Coffeen Paul C. , Hranitzky Patrick M. , Neely Robert C. , Natale Andrea , Canby Robert C. , Al‐Ahmad Amin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionTransvenous lead extraction (TLE), while mostly a safe procedure, has risk of serious periprocedural complications. As such, overnight hospitalization remains a routine practice. In our center, we routinely discharge patients on the same day following an uncomplicated TLE.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 265 consecutive patients who underwent uncomplicated TLE in our center between 2019 and 2021. Same‐day discharge (SDD) patients are compared with those who stayed at least overnight for observation after the TLE procedure (non‐SDD group). To assess the safety of an SDD strategy after uncomplicated TLE, the main study endpoint was to compare the rate of major procedure‐related complications at 1‐, 7‐, and 30‐days. To identify the factors influencing the operator's decision to discharge the patient on the same day, the secondary endpoint was to analyze clinical and procedural predictors of SDD.ResultsA total of 153 patients were discharged the same day after uncomplicated TLE (SDD), while 112 stayed at least overnight after the procedure (non‐SDD). There was no significant difference in major procedure‐related complications at 1‐day (SDD 0% vs. non‐SDD 1.8%, p value = ns), while patients in the SDD group had a lower rate of 7‐ and 30‐day complications when compared with those in the non‐SDD group (2.1% vs. 8.2%, p value = .0308; and 3.5% vs. 16%, p value = .0049, respectively). Noninfectious indication for TLE (OR 16.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.29–77.6) and procedure end time before 12:00 (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.11–7.27) were the only independent predictors of SDD.ConclusionSDD discharge following uncomplicated TLE in selected patients (i.e., those without device infection and when the TLE procedure is completed in the morning) is feasible and safe.
A profile of spatial abilities in people with Down syndrome
Authors: Bracken A. , Hauss J. , Grinshpun S. , Lasc D. , Hershkovich A. , Yang Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpatial abilities are fundamental cognitive abilities, have direct applications in daily life, serve as a cognitive foundation for many other complex skills and are used in many specialty jobs. The current study aimed to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the spatial abilities of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) relative to mental ability‐matched typically developing (TD) children based on Newcombe and Shipley's double‐dimension theoretical framework for classifying spatial abilities.MethodsForty adolescents and young adults with DS and 40 TD children completed a nonverbal intelligence test (Raven's), two measures of static–extrinsic skills (water‐level task and cart task), two measures of static–intrinsic skills (figure ground and form completion), two measures of dynamic–extrinsic skills (three mountains task and dog task) and two measures of dynamic–intrinsic spatial skills (mental rotation task and block design task).ResultsParticipants with DS showed reduced performance on two dynamic–intrinsic tasks and one static–extrinsic task (i.e. cart task) relative to TD children. Performances were similar in two dynamic–extrinsic tasks and two static–intrinsic tasks. Analyses of composite accuracy for each spatial category further confirmed deficits in dynamic–intrinsic and static–extrinsic categories for people with DS relative to TD children.ConclusionsOur results showed an uneven profile of spatial abilities in people with DS relative to ability‐matched TD children with particular weaknesses in comprehending and manipulating dynamic–intrinsic and static–extrinsic spatial relations. Furthermore, our research has important clinical implications for more targeted interventions to improve spatial abilities in people with DS.
Reasons for collaborating in inclusive research projects: The perspectives of researchers with experiential knowledge, academic researchers and principal investigators
Authors: van den Bogaard Kim H. J. M. , Frielink Noud , Giesbers Sanne A. H. , Schippers Alice , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInclusive research—in which people with an intellectual disability both collaborate with researchers and work as researchers themselves—has gained increased attention over the last three decades. Although the foundational principles of conducting inclusive research are well‐established at this point, there is a relative dearth of insights concerning the underlying reasons for collaborating as part of inclusive research projects. Therefore, this study sought to identify the reasons why researchers with experiential knowledge (n = 9), academic researchers (n = 8) and principal investigators (n = 10) collaborate within inclusive research projects. All 27 participants were interviewed individually, in order to explore their reasons for collaborating within one of the six inclusive research projects, which encompassed a range of research avenues within the field of intellectual disability research. A thematic analysis was conducted to gain insight into these reasons. For the three groups of participants, several themes emerged, such as experiencing full participation (researchers with experiential knowledge), making research (processes) better suited to the needs of participants with an intellectual disability (academic researchers) and striving for equivalence (principal investigators). Understanding why people collaborate within inclusive research projects is important for facilitating collaborative partnerships, which are a precondition for inclusive research projects.
Species pool, local assembly processes: Disentangling the mechanisms determining bacterial α‐ and β‐diversity during forest secondary succession
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Dai Handan , Huang Yongtao , Liu Kuan , Li Xingang , Zhang Shuoxin , Fu Shenglei , Jiao Shuo , Chen Chunbo , Dong Biao , Yang Zhu , Cui Yang , Li Huan , Liu Shirong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcross ecology, and particularly within microbial ecology, there is limited understanding how the generation and maintenance of diversity. Although recent work has shown that both local assembly processes and species pools are important in structuring microbial communities, the relative contributions of these mechanisms remain an important question. Moreover, the roles of local assembly processes and species pools are drastically different when explicitly considering the potential for saturation or unsaturation, yet this issue is rarely addressed. Thus, we established a conceptual model that incorporated saturation theory into the microbiological domain to advance the understanding of mechanisms controlling soil bacterial diversity during forest secondary succession. Conceptual model hypotheses were tested by coupling soil bacterial diversity, local assembly processes and species pools using six different forest successional chronosequences distributed across multiple climate zones. Consistent with the unsaturated case proposed in our conceptual framework, we found that species pool consistently affected α‐diversity, even while local assembly processes on local richness operate. In contrast, the effects of species pool on β‐diversity disappeared once local assembly processes were taken into account, and changes in environmental conditions during secondary succession led to shifts in β‐diversity through mediation of the strength of heterogeneous selection. Overall, this study represents one of the first to demonstrate that most local bacterial communities might be unsaturated, where the effect of species pool on α‐diversity is robust to the consideration of multiple environmental influences, but β‐diversity is constrained by environmental selection.
Effector‐triggered susceptibility by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Oliveira‐Garcia Ely , Yan Xia , Oses‐Ruiz Miriam , de Paula Samuel , Talbot Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryRice blast, the most destructive disease of cultivated rice world‐wide, is caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. To cause disease in plants, M. oryzae secretes a diverse range of effector proteins to suppress plant defense responses, modulate cellular processes, and support pathogen growth. Some effectors can be secreted by appressoria even before host penetration, while others accumulate in the apoplast, or enter living plant cells where they target specific plant subcellular compartments. During plant infection, the blast fungus induces the formation of a specialized plant structure known as the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which appears to be crucial for effector delivery into plant cells. Here, we review recent advances in the cell biology of M. oryzae–host interactions and show how new breakthroughs in disease control have stemmed from an increased understanding of effector proteins of M. oryzae are deployed and delivered into plant cells to enable pathogen invasion and host susceptibility.
Severe bronchial hyperresponsiveness along with house dust mite allergy indicates persistence of asthma in young children
Authors: Donath Helena , Klenner Hans , Hutter Martin , Meoli Aniello , Trischler Jordis , Schulze Johannes , Blumchen Katharina , Zielen Stefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSignificant risk factors for persistence of asthma later in life are family history of allergies, early allergic sensitization and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). The evolution of BHR in young children without allergic sensitization and with house dust mite allergy (HDM) was investigated.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, electronic charts of 4850 young children with asthma and wheezy bronchitis between 2005 and 2018 were reviewed in order to study all patients ≤6 years with BHR assessed by methacholine provocation tests (MCT) at least once (n = 1175). Patients with more than two follow‐up measurements were divided in group 1 (no allergic sensitization; n = 110) and group 2 (HDM allergy; n = 88). Additionally, skin prick test, exhaled nitrite oxide (eNO), and asthma treatment were analyzed.ResultsForty‐seven patients of group 1 aged median 4.3 years and 48 patients of group 2 aged median 4.7 years showed initially severe BHR <0.1 mg. At follow‐up, patients with HDM were more likely to show persistence of severe BHR than non‐sensitized patients (severe BHR group 1: n = 5 (10.6%) vs. group 2: n = 21 (43.8%), p < .001). In addition, 89.4% of group 1 had mild to moderate or no BHR, compared to only 56.2% of group 2. There was a significant difference in eN0 (median group 1: 9 ppb vs. group 2: 26 ppb, p < .001), at last follow‐up. Age, sex, and asthma therapy had no effect on BHR.ConclusionIn young children without sensitization BHR normalizes, whereas HDM allergy indicates a persistence of asthma beyond infancy.
G‐optimal grid designs for kriging models
Authors: Dasgupta Subhadra , Mukhopadhyay Siuli , Keith Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work is focused on finding G‐optimal designs theoretically for kriging models with two‐dimensional inputs and separable exponential covariance structures. For design comparison, the notion of evenness of two‐dimensional grid designs is developed. The mathematical relationship between the design and the supremum of the mean squared prediction error (SMSPE) function is studied and then optimal designs are explored for both prospective and retrospective design scenarios. In the case of prospective designs, the new design is developed before the experiment is conducted and the regularly spaced grid is shown to be the G‐optimal design. Retrospective designs are constructed by adding or deleting points from an already existing design. Deterministic algorithms are developed to find the best possible retrospective designs (which minimizes the SMSPE). It is found that a more evenly spread design under the G‐optimality criterion leads to the best possible retrospective design. For all the cases of finding the optimal prospective designs and the best possible retrospective designs, both frequentist and Bayesian frameworks have been considered. The proposed methodology for finding retrospective designs is illustrated with a spatiotemporal river water quality monitoring experiment.
Remodulation of bacterial transcriptome after acquisition of foreign DNA: the case of
irp
-HPI high-pathogenicity island in
Vibrio anguillarum
Authors: Lages Marta A. , do Vale Ana , Lemos Manuel L. , Balado Miguel 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

The high-pathogenicity island
irp
-HPI is widespread in
Vibrionaceae
and encodes the siderophore piscibactin, as well as the regulator PbtA that is essential for its expression. In this work, we aim to study whether PbtA directly interacts with
irp
-HPI promoters. Furthermore, we hypothesize that PbtA, and thereby the acquisition of
irp
-HPI island, may also influence the expression of other genes elsewhere in the bacterial genome. To address this question, an RNAseq analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes after
pbtA
deletion in
Vibrio anguillarum
RV22 genetic background. The results showed that PbtA not only modulates the
irp
-HPI genes but also modulates the expression of a plethora of
V. anguillarum
core genome genes, inducing nitrate, arginine, and sulfate metabolism, T6SS1, and quorum sensing, while repressing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, MARTX toxin, and major porins such as OmpV and ChiP. The direct binding of the C-terminal domain of PbtA to piscibactin promoters (P
frpA
and P
frpC
), quorum sensing (
vanT
), LPS transporter
wza,
and T6SS structure- and effector-encoding genes was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of
irp
-HPI island and its impact on Vibrios transcriptome, with implications in pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE

Horizontal gene transfer enables bacteria to acquire traits, such as virulence factors, thereby increasing the risk of the emergence of new pathogens.
irp
-HPI genomic island has a broad dissemination in
Vibrionaceae
and is present in numerous potentially pathogenic marine bacteria, some of which can infect humans. Previous works showed that certain
V. anguillarum
strains exhibit an expanded host range plasticity and heightened virulence, a phenomenon linked to the acquisition of the
irp
-HPI genomic island. The present work shows that this adaptive capability is likely achieved through comprehensive changes in the transcriptome of the bacteria and that these changes are mediated by the master regulator PbtA encoded within the
irp
-HPI element. Our results shed light on the broad implications of horizontal gene transfer in bacterial evolution, showing that the acquired DNA can directly mediate changes in the expression of the core genome, with profounds implications in pathogenesis.
Fisetin inhibits
Salmonella
Typhimurium type III secretion system regulator HilD and reduces pathology
in vivo
Authors: Li Siqi , Liu Hongtao , Shu Jingyan , Li Quanshun , Liu Yuan , Feng Haihua , Wang Jianfeng , Deng Xuming , Zhang Yong , Guo Zhimin , Qiu Jiazhang 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
is an important zoonotic intracellular bacterial pathogen that is capable of causing infections ranging from localized gastroenteritis to fatal systemic infection in humans and food-producing animals. The increasing antibiotic resistance in
Salmonella
isolates, especially the emergence of MDR and newer XDR strains, has compromised the efficacy of conventional antimicrobial therapy for
Salmonella
infections. Hence, it is desirable to develop alternative therapeutic means to tackle the antimicrobial resistance crisis. In this study, we screened plant-derived compounds to identify inhibitors of
Salmonella
invasion of host cells. These efforts identified fisetin as a possible protector against infection. Further mechanistic studies revealed that fisetin suppressed the function of type III secretion system 1 (T3SS-1), the virulence determinant critical for
Salmonella
invasion. Fisetin appears to interfere with the interaction between HilD and its relevant promoters, thereby decreasing the transcription of
hilA
, the central transcriptional regulator that functions to activate the expression of T3SS-1 effector proteins and structural elements. In addition, administration of fisetin in the
Salmonella
murine infection model resulted in reduced bacterial colonization, alleviation of histopathological destruction, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels. Taken together, our study establishes that the natural compound fisetin can be used as a lead compound for the development of anti-
Salmonella
drugs targeting T3SS-1.

IMPORTANCE
Salmonella spp. remains a major worldwide health concern that causes significant morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. The spread of antimicrobial resistant strains has declined the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. Thus, novel anti-infection drugs or strategies are needed. Anti-virulence strategy represents one of the promising means for the treatment of bacterial infections. In this study, we found that the natural compound fisetin could inhibit Salmonella invasion of host cells by targeting SPI-1 regulation. Fisetin treatment impaired the interaction of the regulatory protein HilD with the promoters of its target genes, thereby suppressing the expression of T3SS-1 effectors as well as structural proteins. Moreover, fisetin treatment could reduce pathology in the Salmonella murine infection model. Collectively, our results suggest that fisetin may serve as a promising lead compound for the development of anti-Salmonella drugs.