bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors for Hyperglycemia in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Kim Jiyeong , Lim Kyung Hee 
Published: November 2023

Background
Approximately 10% to 30% of patients who receive chemotherapy experience hyperglycemia, which can affect the adverse reactions and treatment efficacy of chemotherapy. However, there is a paucity of research to explore the factors affecting hyperglycemia and include them in nursing interventions.

Objective
The aim of this study was to understand the prognostic factors of hyperglycemia in cancer patients on chemotherapy.

Methods
This retrospective, descriptive study included 134 adult patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy at Keimyeng University Dongsan Hospital in Daegu between July 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation statistics and compared by t test, χ2 test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results
Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex (male) (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.24-745.49; odds ratio [OR], 73.48); education (95% CI, 4.02-201.59; OR, 28.46); exercise durations of 30 to 60 minutes (95% CI, 0.00-0.06; OR, 0.01), 60 to 90 minutes (95% CI, 0.00-0.05, OR = 0.01), and ≥90 minutes (95% CI, 0.00-0.42; OR, 0.03); exercise amount ≥ 2000 kcal/wk (95% CI, 0.01-0.77; OR, 0.06); and daily fat (95% CI, 1.02-1.14; OR, 1.08), protein (95% CI, 0.82-0.95; OR, 0.88), and seaweed (95% CI, 0.85-0.99; OR, 0.92) intake were significant predictors of hyperglycemia.

Conclusion
The prognostic factors of hyperglycemia should be included in nursing interventions to prevent and manage hyperglycemia, which in turn may help reduce adverse reactions related to chemotherapy and improve treatment efficacy.

Implications for Practice
To prevent and manage hyperglycemia in patients on chemotherapy, prognostic factors, including exercise and protein, fat, and seaweed consumption, should be considered in nursing interventions. Particularly, in men and patients with low education levels who are at a high risk of hyperglycemia, nursing interventions for diet and exercise should be individualized.
Cervical Adenoid Basal Carcinoma With High-grade Squamous Component
Authors: Talia Karen L. , McCluggage W.Glenn 
Published: November 2023

Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) is a rare clinically indolent human papillomavirus–associated cervical neoplasm with uniformly bland morphology which in pure form does not metastasize. Many cases co-exist with a human papillomavirus–associated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The ABC and high-grade squamous components may be clearly separate, albeit intermingled, and when the high-grade squamous component is invasive, the tumor is designated a mixed carcinoma, with clinical behavior determined by the non-ABC component. In other cases, discrete nests of high-grade atypical squamous cells are intimately admixed and incorporated within the ABC. These are more difficult to classify but are also usually reported as mixed carcinomas. Herein, we report a series of 9 cases of ABC in patients aged 33 to 89 years (mean age: 63 y) with a high-grade squamous component. In 7 cases, the high-grade squamous cells partly replaced and expanded the nests of ABC, sometimes with a residual cuff of ABC cells, while in the other 2 cases the ABC and SCC were clearly separate. We propose that the aforementioned 7 cases represent colonization of ABC by HSIL rather than mixed carcinomas; as far as we are aware, this concept has not been proposed before. In all cases which we feel represent colonization of ABC by HSIL, the tumors were confined to the cervix (stages IA1 [3 tumors], IA2 [2 tumors], IB1 [2 tumors]) and follow-up was unremarkable with no evidence of metastasis. One case with separate components of ABC and SCC was stage IVA at diagnosis and the patient died of disease. The other was stage IB1 at diagnosis and the patient died of unrelated causes at 13 months. We discuss the clinical implications of distinguishing true mixed carcinomas from colonization of ABC by HSIL and provide an approach to diagnosis. We also report a unique case of colonization of so-called cervical ectopic prostatic tissue by HSIL.
Perinatal HIV infection is associated with deficits in muscle function in children and adolescents in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gregson Celia L. , Rehman Andrea M. , Rukuni Ruramayi , Mukwasi-Kahari Cynthia , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Kowo-Nyakoko Farirayi , Breasail Mícheál Ó. , Jeena Lisha , Mchugh Grace , Filteau Suzanne , Chipanga Joseph , Simms Victoria , Mujuru Hilda , Ward Kate A. , Ferrand Rashida A. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
To determine how muscle strength, power, mass, and density (i.e. quality) differ between children living with HIV (CWH) and those uninfected, and whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) regime is associated with muscle quality.

Design:
A cross-sectional study in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Methods:
The study recruited CWH aged 8–16 years, taking ART for at least 2 years, from HIV clinics, and HIV-uninfected children from local schools. Muscle outcomes comprised grip strength measured by hand-held Jamar dynamometer, lower limb power measured by standing long-jump distance, lean mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle density (reflecting intramuscular fat) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Linear regression calculated adjusted mean differences (aMD) by HIV status.

Results:
Overall, 303 CWH and 306 without HIV, had mean (SD) age 12.5 (2.5) years, BMI 17.5 (2.8), with 50% girls. Height and fat mass were lower in CWH, mean differences (SE) 7.4 (1.1) cm and 2.7 (0.4)kgs, respectively. Male CWH had lower grip strength [aMD 2.5 (1.1–3.9) kg, P < 0.001], long-jump distance [7.1 (1.8–12.5) cm, P = 0.006], muscle density [0.58 (0.12–1.05) mg/cm3, P = 0.018, but not lean mass 0.06 (−1.08 to 1.21) kg, P = 0.891) versus boys without HIV; differences were consistent but smaller in girls. Mediation analysis suggested the negative effect of HIV on jumping power in boys was partially mediated by muscle density (P = 0.032). CWH taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) had lower muscle density [0.56 (0.00–1.13)mg/cm3, P = 0.049] independent of fat mass, than CWH on other ART.

Conclusion: :
Perinatally acquired HIV is associated, particularly in male individuals, with reduced upper and lower limb muscle function, not mass. Intra-muscular fat (poorer muscle quality) partially explained reductions in lower limb function. TDF is a novel risk factor for impaired muscle quality.
Isolated Adrenal Metastases of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Topal Edanur , Has Simsek Duygu , Vatansever Sezai , Sanli Yasemin , Kuyumcu Serkan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present isolated bilateral adrenal metastases successfully treated with 177Lu-PSMA in a 66-year-old man diagnosed with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The patient had progression under chemotherapy as depicted by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showing intense bilateral PSMA uptake in the adrenal masses, and metastasis-directed therapies were considered as the first option for improving survival because the patient was oligometastatic. However, surgery and radiotherapy were not justifiable options due to the high risk of definitive adrenal insufficiency; therefore, the patient received 4 cycles of 177Lu-PSMA treatment. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed near-complete response in bilateral adrenal metastases, and no sign of adrenal insufficiency was observed during follow-up.
Sacral Neuromodulation Versus Conservative Treatment for Refractory Idiopathic Slow-transit Constipation
Authors: Heemskerk Stella C.M. , Dirksen Carmen D. , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , Benninga Marc A. , Baeten Coen I.M. , Masclee Ad A.M. , Melenhorst Jarno , Breukink Stéphanie O. 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
Assess the effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) versus personalized conservative treatment (PCT) in patients with refractory idiopathic slow-transit constipation (STC).

Summary background data:
Evidence on SNM for idiopathic STC is conflicting and of suboptimal methodological quality.

Methods:
The No.2-Trial was a multicenter, open-label, pragmatic, randomized trial performed in two Dutch hospitals. Sixty-seven patients with idiopathic STC, a defecation frequency <3 per week and refractory (i.e. unresponsive) to maximal conservative (non-operative) treatment were included. Exclusion criteria included outlet obstruction, rectal prolapse, and previous colon surgery. Patients were randomized (3:2) to SNM (n=41) or PCT (n=26) with randomization minimization between Feb 21, 2017 and Mar 12, 2020. In SNM patients an implantable pulse generator was implanted after a successful four-week test stimulation. PCT patients received conservative treatment such as laxatives or retrograde colonic irrigation. The primary outcome was treatment success (defined as average defecation frequency ≥3 per week) after six months. Secondary outcomes included constipation severity, fatigue, quality of life (QOL) and adverse events. Analysis was according to intention-to-treat.

Results:
After six months, 22 (53.7%) patients were successfully treated with SNM versus 1 (3.8%) patient with PCT (odds ratio 36.4, 95% CI 3.4-387.5, P=0.003). At six months, SNM patients reported lower constipation severity and fatigue scores (P<0.001) and improved QOL compared with PCT (P<0.001). Eight serious adverse events (6 SNM, 2 PCT) and 78 adverse events (68 SNM, 10 PCT) were reported.

Conclusions:
SNM is a promising surgical treatment option in a homogeneous group of adults and adolescents with refractory idiopathic STC. No.2-Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02961582.
Broad-spectrum of non-serious adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: A population-based cohort study in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Suh Jee Hyun , Kim Hong Jin , Kim Min-Ho , Choi Myeong Geun , Chun Eun Mi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMuch of the current literature on the adverse effects occurring after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination focused on serious adverse events (AEs). Consequently, the non-serious AEs have yet to be comprehensively elucidated. This study aims to investigate the incidence rate and risk of non-serious AEs including gynecological, hematological, dermatological, ophthalmological, otologic, and dental problems following the COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted a population-based cohort study was conducted with the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database in Seoul, South Korea. The cumulative incidence rate (cIR) per 10,000 population, Odds ratio, and Hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were measured to assess the non-serious AEs, as reported by the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting Center, after COVID-19 vaccination. The cIR of non-serious AEs for three months was significantly higher in vaccinated subjects than in non-vaccinated subjects, except for endometriosis. The vaccination significantly increased the risks of all the non-serious AEs except for visual impairment. The risk of inner ear disease showed the highest HRs (HR [95% CI] = 2.37 [2.15-2.60]) among the non-serious AEs following COVID-19 vaccination. Among the vaccinated subjects, heterologous vaccination was associated with the increased risk of most of the non-serious AEs. The three-month risks of incidental non-serious AEs are substantially higher in the COVID-19 vaccinated subjects than in non-vaccinated controls. Our findings suggested that vaccinated subjects with predisposition are potentially vulnerable to the occurrence of broad-spectrum AEs although the COVID-19 vaccines may not be serious.
MetaNorm: Incorporating Meta-analytic Priors into Normalization of NanoString nCounter Data
Authors: Barth Jackson , Yang Yuqiu , Xiao Guanghua , Wang Xinlei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon-informative or diffuse prior distributions are widely employed in Bayesian data analysis to maintain objectivity. However, when meaningful prior information exists and can be identified, using an informative prior distribution to accurately reflect current knowledge may lead to superior outcomes and great efficiency. We propose MetaNorm, a Bayesian algorithm for normalizing NanoString nCounter gene expression data. MetaNorm is based on RCRnorm, a powerful method designed under an integrated series of hierarchical models that allow various sources of error to be explained by different types of probes in the nCounter system. However, a lack of accurate prior information, weak computational efficiency, and instability of estimates that sometimes occur weakens the approach despite its impressive performance. MetaNorm employs priors carefully constructed from a rigorous meta-analysis to leverage information from large public data. Combined with additional algorithmic enhancements, MetaNorm improves RCRnorm by yielding more stable estimation of normalized values, better convergence diagnostics and superior computational efficiency. R Code for replicating the meta-analysis and the normalization function can be found at github.com/jbarth216/MetaNorm.
Microplastics dysregulate innate immunity in the SARS-CoV-2 infected lung
Authors: Bishop Cameron R. , Yan Kexin , Nguyen Wilson , Rawle Daniel J. , Tang Bing , Larcher Thibaut , Suhrbier Andreas 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTGlobal microplastic (MP) pollution is now well recognized, with humans and animals consuming and inhaling MPs on a daily basis. Herein we described the effects of azide-free, 1 µm polystyrene MP beads co-delivered into lungs with a SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 inoculum using a mouse model of mild COVID-19. Lung virus titres and viral RNA levels were not significantly affected by MPs, with overt clinical or histopathological changes also not observed. However, RNA-Seq of infected lungs revealed that MP exposure suppressed innate immune responses at 2 days post infection (dpi) and increased pro-inflammatory signatures at 6 dpi. The cytokine profile at 6 dpi showed a significant correlation with the ‘cytokine release syndrome’ signature seen in some severe COVID-19 patients. This study adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that MPs can dysregulate inflammation in specific disease settings.Graphical AbstractHIGHLIGHTSA single inoculation of microplastics dysregulated SARS-CoV-2 lung inflammationAt the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infection microplastics decreased early innate responsesLater post infection microplastics promoted a “cytokine release syndrome” signatureA key mechanism may involve the inhibition of the phagocytosis of infected cellsAzide-free microplastics were used, with no elevated ROS responses identifiedPostulated mechanisms whereby microplastics might decrease the proinflammatory responses 2 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet promote the proinflammatory ‘cytokine release syndrome’ signature at 6 days post infection.
Causal Associations of Sleep Apnea with Alzheimer’s Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: a Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Cavaillès Clémence , Andrews Shea J. , Leng Yue , Chatterjee Aadrita , Daghlas Iyas , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSleep apnea (SA) has been linked to an increased risk of dementia in numerous observational studies; whether this is driven by neurodegenerative, vascular or other mechanisms is not clear. We sought to examine the bidirectional causal relationships between SA, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and ischemic stroke using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsUsing summary statistics from four recent, large genome-wide association studies of SA (n=523,366), AD (n=64,437), CAD (n=1,165,690), and stroke (n=1,308,460), we conducted bidirectional two-sample MR analyses. Our primary analytic method was fixed-effects inverse variance weighted MR; diagnostics tests and sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the results.ResultsWe identified a significant causal effect of SA on the risk of CAD (odds ratio (ORIVW) =1.35 per log-odds increase in SA liability, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.25-1.47) and stroke (ORIVW=1.13, 95% CI =1.01-1.25). These associations were somewhat attenuated after excluding single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with body mass index (BMI) (ORIVW=1.26, 95% CI =1.15-1.39 for CAD risk; ORIVW=1.08, 95% CI =0.96-1.22 for stroke risk). SA was not causally associated with a higher risk of AD (ORIVW=1.14, 95% CI =0.91-1.43). We did not find causal effects of AD, CAD, or stroke on risk of SA.ConclusionsThese results suggest that SA increased the risk of CAD, and the identified causal association with stroke risk may be confounded by BMI. Moreover, no causal effect of SA on AD risk was found. Future studies are warranted to investigate cardiovascular pathways between sleep disorders, including SA, and dementia.
Prospects and Challenges for Graphene Drums As Sensors Of Individual Bacteria
Authors: Rosłoń I.E. , Japaridze A. , Naarden L. , Smeets L. , Dekker C. , van Belkum A. , Steeneken P.G. , Alijani F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGraphene-drum-enabled nanomotion detection can play an important role in probing life at the nanoscale. By combining micro- and nanomechanical systems with optics, nanomotion sensors bridge the gap between mechanics and cellular biophysics. They have allowed investigation of processes involved in metabolism, growth, and structural organisation of a large variety of microorganisms, ranging from yeasts to bacterial cells. Using graphene drums, these processes can now be resolved at the single-cell level. In this perspective, we discuss the key achievements of nanomotion spectroscopy, and peek forward into the prospects for application of this single-cell technology in clinical settings. Furthermore, we discuss the steps required for implementation and look into applications beyond microbial sensing.
Seasonal Human Coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and NL63 Induce Cell Surface Modulation of Entry Receptors and Display Host Cell-Specific Viral Replication Kinetics
Authors: Siragam Vinayakumar , Maltseva Mariam , Castonguay Nicolas , Galipeau Yannick , Srinivasan Mrudhula Madapuji , Soto Justino Hernandez , Dankar Samar , Langlois Marc-André 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted increased interest in seasonal human coronaviruses. 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1 are endemic seasonal coronaviruses that cause the common cold and are associated with generally mild respiratory symptoms. In this study, we identified cell lines that exhibited cytopathic effects (CPE) upon infection by three of these coronaviruses and characterized their viral replication kinetics and the effect of infection on host surface receptor expression. We found that NL63 produced CPE in LLC-MK2 cells, while OC43 produced CPE in MRC-5, HCT-8 and WI-38 cell lines, while 229E produced CPE in MRC-5 and WI-38 by day 3 post-infection. We observed a sharp increase in nucleocapsid and spike viral RNA (vRNA) from day 3 to day 5 post-infection for all viruses, however the abundance and the proportion of vRNAs copies measured in the supernatants and cell lysates of infected cells varied considerably depending on the virus-host cell pair. Importantly, we observed modulation of coronavirus entry and attachment receptors upon infection. Infection with 229E and OC43 led to a downregulation of CD13 and GD3, respectively. In contrast, infection with NL63, and also with OC43, lead to an increase in ACE2 expression. Attempts to block entry of NL63 using either soluble ACE2 or anti-ACE2 monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the potential of these strategies to greatly reduce infection. Overall, our results enable a better understanding of seasonal coronaviruses infection kinetics in permissive cell lines, and reveal entry receptor modulation that may have implications in facilitating co-infections with multiple coronaviruses in humans.IMPORTANCESeasonal human coronavirus are an important cause of the common cold associated with generally mild upper respiratory tract infections that can result in respiratory complications for some individuals. There are no vaccines available for these viruses, with only limited antiviral therapeutic options to treat the most severe cases. A better understanding of how these viruses interact with host cells is essential to identify new strategies to prevent infection-related complications. By analyzing viral replication kinetics in different permissive cell lines, we find that cell-dependent host factors influence how viral genes are expressed and virus particles released. We also analyzed entry receptor expression on infected cells and found that these can be up or down modulated depending on the infecting coronavirus. Our findings raise concerns over the possibility of infection enhancement upon co-infection by some coronaviruses, which may facilitate genetic recombination and the emergence of new variants and strains.
Human coronavirus OC43 infection remodels Connexin 43 mediated gap junction intercellular communicationin vitro
Authors: Karmakar Souvik , Sarma Jayasri Das 
Published: November 2023

Abstractβ-coronaviruses cause acute infection in the upper respiratory tract, resulting in various symptoms and clinical manifestations. OC43 is a human β-coronavirus that induces mild clinical symptoms and can be safely studied in the BSL2 laboratory. Due to its low risk, OC43 can be a valuable and accessible model for understanding β-coronavirus pathogenesis. One potential target for limiting virus infectivity could be gap junction-mediated communication. This study aims to unveil the status of cell-to-cell communications through gap junctions in human β-coronavirus infection. Infection with OC43 leads to reduced expression of Cx43 in A549, a lung epithelial carcinoma cell line. Infection with this virus also showed a significant ER and oxidative stress increase. Internal localization of Cx43 is observed post OC43 infection in the ERGIC region, which impairs the gap junction communication between two adjacent cells, confirmed by Lucifer yellow dye transfer assay. It also affects hemichannel formation, as depicted by the EtBr uptake assay. Altogether, these results suggest that several physiological changes accompany OC43 infection in A549 cells and can be considered an appropriate model system for understanding the differences in gap junction communication post-viral infections. This model system can provide valuable insights for developing therapies against human β-coronavirus infections.ImportanceThe enduring impact of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic underscores the importance of studying human β-coronaviruses, advancing our preparedness for future coronavirus infections. Due to SARS-CoV-2 being highly infectious, another human β-coronavirus OC43 can be considered as an experimental model. One of the crucial pathways that can be considered is gap junction communication, as it is vital for cellular homeostasis. Our study seeks to understand the change in Cx43-mediated cell-to-cell communication during human β-coronavirus OC43 infection.In vitrostudies showed the downregulation of the gap junction protein Cx43 and the upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress markers post-OC43 infection. Furthermore, OC43 infection causes impairment of functional hemichannel and gap junction formation. Overall, this current study infers that OC43 infection reshapes intercellular communication, suggesting that this pathway may be a promising target for designing highly effective therapeutics against human coronaviruses by regulating Cx43 expression.