bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tungsten control in long pulse operation : feedback from WEST to ITER
Authors: Maget Patrick , Manas Pierre , Morales J , Afonin Kirill , Bourdelle Clarisse , Bucalossi Jerome B , Ciraolo Guido , Coelho Rui , Corre Yann , Dominski Julien , Dumont Remi , Ekedahl Annika , Fedorczak Nicolas , Fonghetti Theo , Gallo Alberto , Gaspar Jonathan , Guillemaut Christophe , Grosjean Alex , Gunn James Paul , Hillairet Julien , Lerche Ernesto , Lunsford Robert , Rivals Nicolas , Silburn Scott Alan , Tsitrone Emmanuelle , Wauters Tom 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The full W environment that is now foreseen for ITER puts strong emphasis on experimental results obtained in present devices in similar conditions. In this context, the WEST tokamak is well equipped to bring key contributions to the preparation of ITER operation, thanks to its capability to perform long pulses in dominant electron heating, torque-free scheme based on RF systems, and its ITERgrade actively cooled divertor. Recent results of interest cover the understanding of tungsten contamination and the evaluation of conditioning methods, the feedback on the current ramp-up phase, and the ageing of the ITER divertor components in Lmode attached condition. New directions are being explored, in particular low divertor temperature operation that should be the normal operating regime of ITER. We also report on tungsten peaking physics, and the role of light impurity content.&#xD;
Neural-network based electron density profile inversion for interferometer on EAST tokamak
Authors: Xie Xiaoping , Lan Ting , Liu Haiqing , Zhu Xiang , Mao Wenzhe , Lan Tao , Ding Weixing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) has been applied to the density inversion problem of the POlarimeter INTerferometer (POINT) system on the EAST tokamak. Using the BPNN, the electron density profile can be directly reconstructed from the line-integrated density measurement provided by the POINT system. The accuracy and reliability of this approach have been investigated through tests on experimental data. Compared to the traditional Park-matrix method, the BPNN-based model demonstrates significantly faster performance and greater robustness against system noise, making it suitable for real-time control of the density profile. Additionally, the influence of various measurement channels on the inverted density profile has been thoroughly analyzed, offering a quantitative approach to optimizing interferometer design for future machines.
q-Breathers in the diatomic β-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou chains
Authors: Deng Lin , Yu Hang , Zhu Zhigang , Fu Weicheng , Wang Yisen , Huang Liang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

q-Breathers (QBs) represent a quintessential phenomenon of energy localization, manifesting as stable periodic orbits exponentially localized in normal mode space. Their existence can hinder the thermalization process in nonlinear lattices. In this work, we employ the Newton's method to identify QB solutions in the diatomic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou chains and perform a comprehensive analysis of their linear stability. We derive an analytical expression for the instability thresholds of low-frequency QBs, which converges to the known results of monoatomic chains as the bandgap approaches zero. The expression reveals an inverse square relationship between instability thresholds and system size, as well as a quadratic dependence on the mass difference, both of which have been corroborated through extensive numerical simulations. Our results demonstrate that the presence of a bandgap can markedly enhance QB stability, providing a novel theoretical foundation and practical framework for controlling energy transport between modes in complex lattice systems. These results not only expand the applicability of QBs but also offer significant implications for understanding the thermalization dynamics in complex lattice structures, with wide potential applications in related low-dimensional materials.
Bipolarization-controlled metasurfaces for broadband vortex and Airy beam shaping
Authors: Bai Yunting , Wang Yan , Xie Zhiyuan , Li Shaohe , Chen Jian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) special beams, such as vortex beams and Airy beams with unique field distributions and diffraction characteristics promote the advancements in wireless information transmission. Metasurfaces with subwavelength thickness and tailorable structures provide a versatile platform for generating these exceptional beams. Nevertheless, these generators typically exhibit complex structure, narrow bandwidth, and single-polarity waveform control. Here, we propose a bipolarization-controlled metasurface that can generate desirable circularly polarized (CP) vortex beams and linearly polarized (LP) Airy beams over broadband. The meta-atom is a reflective metal-dielectric-metal structure composed of an 8-shape-liked pattern on the top metal layer. The phase-only modulation and simultaneous amplitude-phase modulation are achieved just by spatially varying the orientation of the top metal layer. As demonstrations, the application of single-order and multi-beam vortices based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase are produced under the illumination of CP waves ranging from 0.96 to 1.75 THz. The full coverage of amplitude-phase are realized for LP waves incidence when the rotation of top metal layer is set from −45° to 45°. On this basis, one-dimensional and two-dimensional Airy beams with quasi-nondiffracting, self-bending, and self-healing properties are validated respectively. The design opens possibilities for application in high-capacity, obstacle-avoidance wireless communication.
Holographic image features of an AdS black hole in Einstein-power-Yang-Mills gravity
Authors: Hu Xin-Yun , He Ke-Jian , Zeng Xiaoxiong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
By utilizing the AdS/CFT correspondence, we investigate the holographic image of an AdS black hole in Einstein-power-Yang-Mills gravity. The AdS boundary hosts a Gaussian oscillation source, which induces a lensed response on the opposite side of the boundary during propagation through bulk spacetime. The optical system assists observers at the north pole to continuously capture holographic images that show an axisymmetric bright ring known as the Einstein ring. As the observation position shifted, the bright ring gradually transformed into a luminous arc and eventually transitioned into a light point. Simultaneously, we examine the impact of variations in relevant physical quantity on the ring, and present the corresponding brightness curve. The results indicate that as the temperature $T$ and nonlinear Yang Mills charge parameter $q$ increase, the ring radius also increases, while an increase in the chemical potential $u$ leads to a decrease. However, the peak brightness curve of the ring invariably decreases as the values of $T$, $u$, and $q$ increase, albeit to varying degrees. Upon comparing the outcomes of geometric optics, it can be observed that the position of the ring in holography images is consistent with that of the photon sphere. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Optoelectronic memristor based on a-C:Te film for muti-mode reservoir computing
Authors: Tian Qiaoling , Xun Kuo , Li Zhuangzhuang , Zhao Xiaoning , Lin Ya , Tao Ye , Wang Zhongqiang , Ielmini Daniele , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Optoelectronic memristor is generating growing research interest for high efficient computing and sensing-memory applications. In this work, an optoelectronic memristor with Au/a-C:Te/Pt structure is developed. Synaptic functions, i.e., excitatory post-synaptic current and pair-pulse facilitation are successfully mimicked with the memristor under electrical and optical stimulations. More importantly, the device exhibited distinguishable response currents by adjusting 4-bit input electrical/optical signals. A multi-mode reservoir computing (RC) system is constructed with the optoelectronic memristors to emulate human tactile-visual fusion recognition and an accuracy of 98.7% is achieved. The optoelectronic memristor provides potential for developing multi-mode RC system.
Preparation and properties of porous carbon-supported cobalt phosphide materials
Authors: Jin Yingjie , Li Dongli , Liu Yanchi , Fu Yabo , Shi Jiazi , Wei Jiaqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, the porous carbon obtained after carbonization of ZIF-67 was employed as the precursor, and three kinds of porous carbon-supported cobalt phosphide materials (CoP@C-600, CoP@C-700, and CoP@C-800) were obtained after phosphidation. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their electrochemical catalytic performance was tested via an electrochemical workstation. The relationship between the microstructure and the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated. The CoP@C materials prepared under different conditions all retained the dodecahedral structure of ZIF-67. Moreover, compared to Co@C materials, the transition metal phosphides CoP@C exhibited superior electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Among them, when the current was -10 mA/cm−2, the overpotential of the CoP@C-600 material was -0.25 V, and its catalytic activity was higher than the other CoP@C materials.
Timepix4 spatial response characterization with X-ray monochromatic synchrotron beam
Authors: Delogu P. , Biesuz N.V. , Bolzonella R. , Brombal L. , Brun F. , Cardarelli P. , Cavallini V. , Feruglio A. , Fiorini M. , Longo R. , Rosso V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Timepix4 is a readout ASIC developed by the Medipix4 collaboration, designed to work with various semiconductor sensors to form detection systems with 448×512 pixels with a pitch of 55 µm. Its ability to simultaneously measure the Time of Arrival (ToA) and the Time over Threshold (ToT) of the signal makes it particularly suitable for spectral imaging applications. The ToT allows to measure the hit's energy, while the ToA enables to cluster the acquired events, recomposing the signal of the detected photons. The ability to cluster events allows to limit the degradation of the detector's spatial response caused by charge sharing effects, a common issue that affect conventional single-photon-counting detectors. This work aims to characterize the spatial response of a Timepix4-based detection system, in terms of the Edge Spread Function (ESF) and Line Spread Function (LSF), using a monochromatic X-ray beam. The characterization was performed at different energies (10 keV and 20 keV) using the moving edge method; different clustering methods were applied and compared during the analysis.
Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations – A Systematic Review and Validation
Authors: van Poelgeest Jorrit , Shahbazi Khamas Shahriyar , Hallawa Ahmed , D'Alessandro Cristian Carlos , Ferreira Ricardo , Maitland van der Zee Anke-Hilse , Brinkman Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations significantly contribute to disease progression, hospitalizations, and decreased quality of life. Early detection of exacerbations through non-invasive methods, such as exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs), could enable timely interventions. This study aimed to identify and validate candidate VOC biomarkers that are associated with exacerbations and stable phases of COPD, and could contribute to the development of a breath-based monitoring device.&#xD;&#xD;Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify VOCs associated with COPD and exacerbations. VOCs were selected as candidate biomarkers if they were reported in at least two studies by different research groups. These VOCs were then validated using longitudinal exhaled breath data from the TEXACOLD study, where exhaled breath samples were collected at baseline, during exacerbation, and at follow-up in 14 COPD patients. Sparse Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) was applied to differentiate between samples collected during exacerbation and those at stable phases. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.&#xD;&#xD;Results: The systematic review identified nine candidate VOCs. Three were excluded from validation because their dataset overlapped with one used in one of the included review studies. Validation confirmed the discriminatory power of a composite model of these six VOCs, achieving an area under the ROC curve of 0.98, a diagnostic accuracy of 94.3% and a sensitivity of 0.97 and a specificity of 0.93.&#xD;&#xD;Conclusion: This study demonstrates that exhaled VOCs can differentiate between exacerbations and stable phases in COPD patients. The validated biomarkers hold promise for future clinical applications, particularly in the development of a non-invasive, breath-based monitoring device for early detection and management of COPD exacerbations, potentially reducing hospitalizations and improving patient outcomes.
The influence of different surface textures on tribological property for cylinder liner-piston ring during running-in
Authors: Kang Jianxiong , Liu Rui , Lü Yanjun , Yang Haoran , Yan Changfeng , Liu Cheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To investigate the tribological performance of honed cylinder liner and coated piston ring during running-in period under the synergistic effect of surface texture, different surface textures were designed on the cylinder liner and piston ring. The coefficient of friction and worn surfaces were measured using the friction and wear tester and a confocal microscope, respectively, and the contact performances were compared with no-textured surfaces. The research results indicate that: when different textures are designed on the piston ring, the square texture exhibits better tribological performance, and the coefficient of friction is reduced by approximately 7.5% compared to the non-textured surface. When surface textures are designed on both the piston ring and cylinder liner, the frictional properties are superior to those of cases where textures are applied only to the piston ring surface. When the pit textures are designed on the surfaces of piston ring and cylinder liner, the non-Gaussian distribution parameters are reduced by approximately 35%, and the surface roughness parameters are reduced by approximately 15%. In addition, increasing the texture density can improve the tribological performance, but it’s not that the higher the texture density, the better the tribological performance.
Predicting Viscosity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Water Nanofluids Using Gaussian Process Regression and Emperor Penguin Optimizer Algorithm
Authors: Shekhar Shekhar , Sambyo Koj 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thermal management is essential in many industries like energy, transportation, and HVAC systems. Since thermal management is so important, there is a need for improved heat transfer fluids, such as nanofluids. The current study uses machine learning (ML) approaches to predict the viscosity of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-water nanofluids. The dataset comprised 446 experimental data points with characteristics such as weight concentration, temperature, shear time, shear stress, and viscosity were used in current research. The dataset was evaluated with a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model and the hyperparameters were further optimized via Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO).With the achieved values of R2 of 0.9995, RMSE of 0.0016, and MAPE of 1.89%, the proposed model GPR-EPO, yielded better predictive performance than other machine learning models such as Gradient Boosting Regressor, XGBoost, and Extra Trees Regressor. Additionally, for validation the GPR-EPO model was compared with conventional model like Batchelor and Einstein, it was found more precise and yielded better predictive performance. This study highlights the significant role of AI-driven technique in predicting nanofluid viscosity with accuracy as well as reducing the experimental efforts. The GPR method was found to have the best performance by using radial basis function (RBF) kernel and optimized the hyperparameters with EPO algorithm. Such models can serve as a valuable tool for engineers and researchers to investigate nanofluids and develop efficient thermal management systems.
Margaret Cavendish on Matter and Metaphysical Structure
Authors: Peterman Alison 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay provides an interpretation of Margaret Cavendish’s claim that everything that exists in nature is matter. Cavendish’s materialism is not, as it is usually interpreted, the thesis that most often goes under the label ‘materialism’: that there are only certain kinds of substances, where those kinds are best understood in terms of the properties they have. The essay argues that Cavendish’s materialism involves a rejection of traditional substance–property ontology and similar ontologies, which are structured by dependence and inherence relations. It is instead an affirmation of a non-hierarchical ontology of matter, which is structured by parthood and composition relations.
Hume’s Gambit
Authors: Watts Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay develops an irreligious reading of Hume’s decision to return to philosophy after his skeptical crisis at the end of Book One of A Treatise of Human Nature. Any irreligious reading of Hume’s epistemology must articulate Hume’s epistemic grounds for preferring his experimental science of human nature to sophisticated superstitious anthropologies. The essay argues that Hume believes his use of animal analogies to confirm his hypotheses offers him the best possible ‘security’ against positing false causal claims about the nature of our ‘mental operations’, and that the superior security of this experimental method of reasoning provides him with epistemic grounds for preferring his science of human nature to superstitious metaphysics, even though both have title to our assent. The essay concludes by suggesting that in continuing to philosophize after his skeptical crisis, Hume risks his intellectual reputation on a bet that ‘the latest posterity’ will find his science of human nature a surer path to useful truths than superstition, because his experimental philosophy of human nature is the most epistemically secure form of anthropology there is. This irreligious gambit is the origin of Hume’s philosophy.
Mary Shepherd on Space and Minds
Authors: Fasko Manuel , West Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In her last known work, ‘Lady Mary Shepherd’s Metaphysics’ (1832), Mary Shepherd writes that ‘mind, may inhere in definite portions of matter . . . or of infinite space’. Shepherd thus suggests that a mind—a ‘capacity for sensation in general’—may have a spatial location. This is prima facie surprising given that she is committed to the view that the mind is unextended. This essay argues that Shepherd can consistently honor both of these commitments. First, even though finite minds due to their unextendedness cannot occupy space as material bodies do, such minds can nonetheless be said to have a spatial location in virtue of their ‘presence’, or what Shepherd calls ‘inherence’, in a material body. Second, in a similar way, the divine mind is present throughout the whole of space and is thus omnipresent. In contrast to finite minds, the divine mind does not require a body to be present in space. Rather, God’s omnipresence is best understood in a ‘holenmerist’ sense, where the divine mind is wholly present in every part of creation.
(A little) quantified modal logic for normativists
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Burgess (‘Quinus ab omni nævo vindicatus’), building on Quine (‘Reference and modality’), convincingly argued that claims in quantified modal logic cannot be understood as synonymous with or logically equivalent to claims about the analyticity of certain sentences. According to modal normativism, metaphysically necessary claims instead express or convey our actual semantic rules. In this paper, I show how the normativist can use Sidelle’s neglected work on rigidity to account for two important phenomena in quantified modal logic: the necessity of identity and the substitutivity of identicals into modal contexts.
A large language model framework for literature-based disease–gene association prediction
Authors: Li Peng-Hsuan , Sun Yih-Yun , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Chen Chien-Yu , Tsai Huai-Kuang , Huang Jia-Hsin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the exponential growth of biomedical literature, leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated medical knowledge understanding has become increasingly critical for advancing precision medicine. However, current approaches face significant challenges in reliability, verifiability, and scalability when extracting complex biological relationships from scientific literature using LLMs. To overcome the obstacles of LLM development in biomedical literature understating, we propose LORE, a novel unsupervised two-stage reading methodology with LLM that models literature as a knowledge graph of verifiable factual statements and, in turn, as semantic embeddings in Euclidean space. LORE captured essential gene pathogenicity information when applied to PubMed abstracts for large-scale understanding of disease–gene relationships. We demonstrated that modeling a latent pathogenic flow in the semantic embedding with supervision from the ClinVar database led to a 90% mean average precision in identifying relevant genes across 2097 diseases. This work provides a scalable and reproducible approach for leveraging LLMs in biomedical literature analysis, offering new opportunities for researchers to identify therapeutic targets efficiently.
Harnessing the full potential of drones for fieldwork
Authors: Surasinghe Thilina D , Singh Kunwar K , Frazier Amy E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Field-based research in the biological sciences encounters several challenges, including cost, accessibility, safety, and spatial coverage. Drones have emerged as a transformative technology to address these challenges while providing a less intrusive alternative to field surveys. Although drones have mainly been used for high-resolution image collection, their capabilities extend beyond mapping and image production. They can be tailored to track wildlife, measure environmental parameters, and collect physical samples, and their versatility enables researchers to tackle a variety of biodiversity and conservation challenges. In this article, we advocate for drones to be integrated more comprehensively into field-based research, from site reconnaissance to sampling, interventions, and monitoring. We discuss the future innovations needed to harness their full potential, including customized instrumentation, fit-for-purpose software and apps, and better integration with existing online databases. We also support leveraging community scientists and empowering citizens to contribute to scientific endeavors while promoting environmental stewardship via drones.