bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long Term and Seasonal Rainfall Trend in Bapatla District of Andhra Pradesh Using Advanced Statistical Methods
Authors: Swarnalatha P. , Srinivas R. , Yamini Leela A.  , Babu K. Jeevan , Rao V. Srinivasa , Rathod Santosha , Ramesh D. 
Published: November 2023

The primary objective of this study is to analyse the annual and seasonal rainfall trends in the Bapatla district of Andhra Pradesh over the long term. The seasonal rainfall data for Bapatla district was collected from the NASA Power website and covering the period from January 1982 to December 2021. To gain insights into the patterns present in the rainfall data for Bapatla district, a combination of parametric methods, including linear regression, and non-parametric tests such as the Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s slope test, Modified-Mann Kendall test, Innovative trend analysis were employed in this approach. The randomness of the rainfall data under investigation was assessed using the Wallis and Moore test. To detect the single change point of the rainfall pattern Pettitt test was employed. The results of linear regression trend method exhibited both increasing and declining trends in rainfall pattern. Notably, the months of April, May and June months exhibited a statistically significant increasing trend other months exhibited no significant trend in Mann-Kendall test, modified Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s slope tests. The monsoon season exhibited a statistically significant trend and pre-monsoon, post-monsoon periods and anuual rainfall exhibited non-significant trends in Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope tests. Moreover, the pre monsoon and monsoon seasons exhibited significant trend in rainfall pattern of Bapatla district by modified Mann-Kendal test. This study serves to raise awareness among agricultural stakeholders, particularly farmers, regarding the fluctuations in monthly and seasonal rainfall patterns and enables them to more effectively allocate resources and prepare for anticipated water shortages during non-monsoon months.
A Malian Rice Seed Endophyte Bacteria Control Efficiently the Growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola
Authors: Ouattara Djeneba , Dao Sognan , Dicko Amadou Hamadoun , Kassogué Adounigna , Nantoumé Djeneba , Mallé Ibrahima , Bagayogo Mamadou W. , Koné Seydou , Doumbia Bakaye , Faradji Fatouma Alhadji , Diallo Kangaye Amadou , Diarra Ousmane , Samaké Salimatou , Fané Rokiatou , Coulibalily Moctar , Dembelé Christiane , Babana Amadou Hamadoun 
Published: November 2023

Aims: In Mali, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important cereal in the food system and important losses in rice production are caused by bacterial diseases. Despite the important rice losses in production and the proven ability of some bacteria to control rice pathogens, in Mali very few studies have been carried out in biocontrol. With the aim of improving food security, the objective of this work is to select, at least one endophyte bacteria with great capacity to inhibit the growth Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola.
Study Design: This experimental research involving a Malian local rice cultivar named Kogoni and biocontrol endophyte bacteria isolated from rice in Mali.
Pace and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in greenhouse at LaboREM-Biotech and in the field at the Office of irrigated perimeters of Baguineda (OPIB) for 3 years.
Study Design: To achieve this objective, pathogenic bacteria (Xoo and Xoc) circulating in rice fields of Mali were identified, endophyte bacteria from the bacterial collection of the LaboREM with high antagonistic activities against the identified pathogens were selected, and the efficacy of the selected endophytes to inhibit the growth of these pathogens in vitro were tested.
Results: A total of five isolates, including 3 from Xoo and 2 from Xoc, were isolated in Niono from two varieties of rice: Kogoni91-1 and Adny11. No isolate characteristic of Xanthomonas oryzae was observed on samples from Baguineda. The three selected rice endophytes were tested in vitro to assess their effectiveness in controlling Xoo and Xoc. Following this test, 100% of the endophytes showed significant antimicrobial activity against Xoo and Xoc with an inhibition diameter varying between 6 and 28.5mm. endo Ad9 was selected for its strong ability to inhibit the growth of both pathogens at the same time.
Theoretical analysis of a monopole antenna with conducting flat disk above the earth
Authors: Yuasa Aki , Itatsu Daisuke , Inagaki Naoki , Kikuma Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe monopole antenna with a conductive ground above the earth is analyzed by means of an equivalent circuit. The current distribution, input impedance, directivity, and antenna efficiency corrected for the effect of the electrical characteristics of the earth are derived in terms of parameters such as the antenna length, the radius of the grounding disk, and the frequency. First, by means of the plane wave expansion, the system is represented by an equivalent circuit in the spectral domain and Green's function is obtained by solving the circuit equation. From the numerical results by the method of moments, the input impedance and the antenna efficiency are found to depend on the size of the radius of the grounding disk. In the absence of the grounding disk, the antenna efficiency is higher for a larger antenna length. On the other hand, in the presence of the grounding disk, the antenna efficiency decreases as the antenna length is increased, and increases as the antenna length is decreased. As regards the radiation pattern, the maximum direction of radiation approaches the horizontal plane as the antenna length is increased, and the beam width increases as the radius of the grounding disk is increased. The effect of frequency is found to be small. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(7): 27–36, 2001
Variable mux/demux time division photonic switching network using optical time jumper
Authors: Yasui Tadahiko , Nakano Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA pulse can be viewed as a kind of memory with faster processing elements, because the information carried by the pulse can be read out at any time by the faster processing elements. Taking this into consideration, one of the authors proposed a TDM switching system which in principle requires no random access memories, but rather only logical gates. This is very much suited to the photonic TDM switching system, as optical RAMs are not as yet available.This paper newly proposes a photonic TDM switching system in which a time jumper is placed on a highway link connecting multistage variable multiplexer and multistage variable demultiplexer. It discusses the system concept, jumpering algorithm, jumper configuration, traffic characterization of the system, optimal system configuration, and finally applications of the system. The characteristics in terms of cost/erl are better than those of the system proposed before. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(9): 1–15, 2001
Exact analysis of delay performance of Go‐Back‐N ARQ scheme over multiple parallel channels
Authors: Fujii Shumji , Hayashida Yukuo , Komatsu Masaharu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Go‐Back‐N ARQ scheme, which is one of the typical error control methods for data transmission, has been widely used because of its good performance and easier implementation. Most analyses of the throughput and delay performances of the ARQ scheme (including the Go‐Back‐N) have been carried out for a single channel connecting a pair of a sender and a receiver.This paper gives an exact analysis of the delay performance of a Go‐Back‐N ARQ scheme, for a simultaneous transmission of multiple frames using multiple parallel channels between a pair of a sender and a receiver. In a discrete‐time queueing model, the state of the system is described at each successful slot of frame transmission by using variables (which show the frame queue length and the existence of retransmitting frame) so that the distribution of the frame queue length is obtained from the solutions of the state equations. By using the results of the analysis, the distribution of the transmission delay of frames is obtained. The average delay characteristics are examined by using numerical examples. The results show that the delay performance can be improved by increasing the number of parallel channels. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(9): 27–41, 2001
Nonvolatile method of semiconductor disk device for the memory database recovery
Authors: Kawase Katsuyuki , Yamasaki Mikio , Hirano Masanori , Masuda Etsuo , Imagawa Hitoshi , Kinouchi Yasuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo accelerate database processing, advanced intelligent networks and on‐line transaction processing systems employ memory databases in which all databases reside in main memory. Nonvolatile methods for the semiconductor disk devices backing up the memory databases have been proposed for these systems. Specifically, the methods adopted were a nonvolatile method using directly connected batteries and a method to transfer the contents of the semiconductor disk device to a magnetic disk drive which is a nonvolatile medium. An examination of the required nonvolatile time and the database capacity clearly demonstrated the application ranges of these two techniques by evaluating the battery capacity and the amount of hardware. Consequently, for a database capacity from 512 MB to 2 GB, the required nonvolatile time is about 10 hours. In the semiconductor disk device for an advanced intelligent network, the nonvolatile method using directly connected batteries was shown to be effective. To effectively maintain the batteries, a method to automatically decide whether to replace the batteries was proposed. Finally, the prototype battery structure based on these results and the structure for a service control node in the advanced intelligent network incorporating this battery structure were illustrated. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(9): 42–53, 2001
Performance analysis of indoor infrared wireless systems using OOK CDMA on a diffuse channel
Authors: Matsuo Ryoko , Matsuo Michihito , Ohtsuki Tomoaki , Sasase Iwao , Udagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe analyze the bit error rate (BER) performance of indoor infrared wireless systems using on–off keying (OOK) code division multiple access (CDMA) on diffuse channels by taking the effects of intersymbol interference (ISI) for more than ten chips into account. We show how much the transmitted power should be increased on multipath channels to compensate the performance degradation due to the ISI, and demonstrate that this analysis evaluates the effects of ISI more correctly than does the conventional analysis. We also show that the bit rate is limited because of ISI and eye safety, when we use OOK CDMA on multipath channels. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(10): 1–9, 2001
Wireless packet transmission with variable processing gain control in packet‐switched and circuit‐switched mode integrated DS‐CDMA systems
Authors: Ito Takumi , Sampei Seiichi , Morinaga Norihiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA DS‐CDMA system with both a circuit‐switching scheme for voice transmission and a packet‐switching scheme for data transmission is effective in multimedia communication required to transmit a variety of media. Although the Slotted‐ALOHA system is believed to be an effective packet‐switched system from the perspectives of transmission efficiency and interference power, only open loop transmit power control is used because of the difficulty in using closed loop transmit power control in the ALOHA system. In this paper, we analyze the performance of open loop transmit power control that uses a power margin to obtain the quality required even in packet‐switched terminals, and propose wireless packet transmission with variable processing gain control as the method to achieve high‐speed transmission by more effectively using the free channels. The results of computer simulations showed that the system capacity of circuit‐switched terminals is not damaged when an appropriate power margin is set, and the additional effect of the packet‐switched terminals is increased. In addition, the proposed system can greatly shorten the average delay time of packet‐switched terminals. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(10): 16–26, 2001
Experiments on satellite TDMA system for multimedia communications
Authors: Kazama Hiroshi , Sugiyama Takatoshi , Fukuda Hideki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a new form of communications, computer networks represented by the Internet have become widespread. In these networks, multimedia information such as static and dynamic images, audio, data file, and so on are handled. In such multimedia communications, the access circuits of the users are low‐speed ones while the return links to the users are large‐capacity, high‐speed circuits and, therefore, the configuration has an asymmetric bidirectional form. In this paper, as a highly efficient method of transmission of asymmetric bidirectional multimedia communications with different speeds, which can be adopted only to satellite systems, the TDMA signals of variable transmission speeds are used in the return links of multiple connected transmitting stations. The multiplexed SSMA signals are superposed on TDMA signals of the low‐speed forward links. Such a multimedia satellite TDMA communication system is proposed and a fabricated prototype is used in the satellite connections of the NTT Yokosuka and Musashino Research Centers. In this prototype, the actual TDMA capacity is 42.24 Mbits/s while 20 circuits of 32 kbits/s are accommodated in the SSMA signal. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(10): 55–65, 2001
An end‐to‐end bit error ratio monitoring method for digital backbone networks
Authors: Kawashima Makoto , Miyagawa Yuuzou , Matsushita Masahiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the evaluation of the QoS (quality of service) of digital networks, not only the management and operation of the network, but also the development of a new service menu must be considered important factors. Among them, the user information error ratio is the most essential item. This paper considers QoS monitoring of a digital backbone network that will support future communication services, and proposes a new method for determining the user information error ratio. The proposed method performs error monitoring by transmitting the error‐detecting code generated by the sending side to the receiving side through a channel which is different from the channel used for user information, and realizes highly accurate in‐service end‐to‐end error monitoring for any kind of user link. This paper analyzes the requirements for user information error monitoring. The operating principles and a characteristics analysis of the proposed method are presented, revealing the monitoring performance of the system. Finally, the method is applied and design examples are presented, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed method. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(9): 1–10, 2001
Current sensing device for micro‐IDDQ test
Authors: Nose Koichi , Sakurai Takayasu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn LSIs with more than 1 million gates, detection of the defective locations becomes difficult. In particular, in the case of an abnormality in the standby current, excessive power is consumed even if operation is successful. Hence, it is necessary to identify the error location in order to reduce power consumption. The IDDQ test detects the error by measuring the static current in standby for each circuit block. A typical implementation is the BICS (Built‐In Current Sensor). However, the conventional method has the problems of reduction of the noise margin and degradation of the circuit speed. In this paper, two types of current sensors, the Lorentz force MOSFET (LMOS) and Hall effect MOSFET (HEMOS), based on a magnetic sensor circuit using CMOS technology, are proposed. These sensors are capable of non‐contacting and non‐disturbing current measurement. A circuit for applications to the IDDQ test is described. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(9): 21–27, 2001
Correction factor for four‐probe resistivity measurements on resistive sheets with parallel electrodes
Authors: Kanagawa Makoto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the use of the four‐probe method for direct measurements of the resistance per square of a resistive sheet with parallel electrodes. These measurements must be adjusted by a correction factor, which is calculated in this work by modeling the resistive sheet as a two‐dimensional square with opposing cylindrical electrodes and setting the resistance of the electrodes equal to zero. The correction factor is then computed by postulating the boundary condition that the potentials on the two sides are constant. Although it is the resistive sheet with parallel electrodes that controls the performance of the resistive‐sheet pressure response type of digitizer, this performance has been evaluated only by indirect methods. Nevertheless, the simulations and experiments described in this paper confirm that the resistance per square of a resistive sheet with parallel electrodes can be measured by the four‐probe method when the correction factor derived here is used. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(9): 36–45, 2001
Frequency‐range widening of three‐transformer CATV divider using a bead‐type ferrite core
Authors: Kanie Tomohiko , Takeo Takashi , Itoh Haruhiko , Hashimoto Reiji , Azakami Takashi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the frequency‐range widening of a three‐transformer CATV divider consisting of one divider transformer and two matching transformers, all of which use a bead‐type ferrite core. For frequency‐range widening, the shape and material of the ferrite core, transformer windings, and transformer packaging are theoretically studied by means of a newly proposed high‐frequency transformer equivalent circuit. For the divider designed based on the theoretical study, excellent measurement results are obtained in the frequency range of 20 to 3000 MHz, including a divider loss of 3.6 to 4.6 dB and more than 20 dB of coupling loss between terminals. In the design emphasizing a flat frequency characteristic at some expense of divider loss from a low to intermediate frequency range, the flatness is found to increase to about ±0.3 dB. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(9): 46–55, 2001
Three‐dimensional FDTD analysis of light scattering from a phase‐change optical disk structure
Authors: Fukai Shin‐ichiro , Kojima Toshitaka , Wei Yi‐ 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this article, we discuss simulations of the scattering characteristics of models of a phase‐change optical disk illuminated by a laser beam, using the three‐dimensional finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) method. We first analyzed a three‐dimensional conducting pit and a rewritable optical disk model, using the boundary element method (BEM) together with FDTD code that we wrote, and demonstrated that the results of using these two methods are in satisfactory agreement. Next, based on a four‐layer three‐dimensional structural model of a phase‐change optical disk, we investigated visualization images of the near‐field distribution, including the recording layer, as well as examples of far‐field scattering patterns calculated in the planes perpendicular and parallel to the guide groove, in order to determine how these patterns change before and after recording. We then made visualizations of the intensity distribution of light focused by the objective lens, and investigated how the regenerated sum and tracking error signal characteristics differ before and after recording. Finally, for the case in which the optical spot tracks without leaving the guiding groove, we can identify when the spot is in the space between adjacent recording marks. We conclude that a comparative analysis of light scattering by a complicated multilayer optical disk structure can easily be carried out by the 3D FDTD analysis discussed in this article. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(9): 56–66, 2001
Dynamic stiffness for piecewise non‐uniform Timoshenko column by power series—part II: Follower force
Authors: Leung A. Y. T. , Zhou W. E. , Lim C. W. , Yuen R. K. K. , Lee U. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA follower force is an applied force whose direction changes according to the deformed shape during the course of deformation. The dynamic stiffness matrix of a non‐uniform Timoshenko column under follower force is formed by the power‐series method. The dynamic stiffness matrix is unsymmetrical due to the non‐conservative nature of the follower force. The frequency‐dependent mass matrix is still symmetrical and positive definite according to the extended Leung theorem. An arc length continuation method is introduced to find the influence of a concentrated follower force, distributed follower force, end mass and stiffness, slenderness, and taper ratio on the natural frequency and stability. It is found that the power‐series method can handle a very wide class of dynamic stiffness problem. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic stiffness for piecewise non‐uniform Timoshenko column by power series—part I: Conservative axial force
Authors: Leung A. Y. T. , Zhou W. E. , Lim C. W. , Yuen R. K. K. , Lee U. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe dynamic stiffness method uses the solutions of the governing equations as shape functions in a harmonic vibration analysis. One element can predict many modes exactly in the classical sense. The disadvantages lie in the transcendental nature and in the need to solve a non‐linear eigenproblem for the natural modes, which can be solved by the Wittrick–William algorithm and the Leung theorem. Another practical problem is to solve the governing equations exactly for the shape functions, non‐uniform members in particular. It is proposed to use power series for the purpose. Dynamic stiffness matrices for non‐uniform Timoshenko column are taken as examples. The shape functions can be found easily by symbolic programming. Step beam structures can be treated without difficulty. The new contributions of the paper include a general formulation, an extended Leung's theorem and its application to parametric study. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A parallel advancing front grid generation scheme
Authors: Löhner Rainald 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA parallel advancing front scheme has been developed. The domain to be gridded is first subdivided spatially using a relatively coarse octree. Boxes are then identified and gridded in parallel. A scheme that resembles closely the advancing front technique on scalar machines is recovered by only considering the boxes of the active front that generate small elements. The procedure has been implemented on the SGI origin class of machines using the shared memory paradigm. Timings for a variety of cases show speedups similar to those obtained for flow codes. The procedure has been used to generate grids with tens of millions of elements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.