bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 13 and inflammatory markers in human sepsis
Authors: Collighan N , Giannoudis P V , Kourgeraki O , Perry S L , Guillou P J , Bellamy M C 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin (IL) 13 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that reduces inflammatory cytokine production, and enhances monocyte survival and MHC class II and CD23 expression. The only report of IL-13 in human sepsis noted no increase in IL-13 concentration, in contrast to animal data. This study further examined the expression of IL-13 in relation to human sepsis.MethodsIn a prospective observational study of 31 patients (24 men) with sepsis or septic shock, high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α on admission, and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 thereafter. IL-13 and IL-2 were assayed by standard ELISA, and HLA-DR on CD14-positive monocytes was measured by flow cytometry.ResultsTwenty-three patients developed septic shock. Monocyte HLA-DR levels showed greater depression and a slower recovery in shocked than non-shocked patients. The serum IL-13 concentration was significantly higher in the shocked group from admission to day 3, but subsequently decreased to levels similar to those in the non-shocked group. IL-13 concentrations were higher in non-survivors. The TNF-α concentration was higher in those with septic shock than in those without. The TNF-α level correlated with IL-13 concentration (rS = 0·61, P = 0·002). The IL-13/TNF-α ratio was greater in patients with shock than those with sepsis only (P = 0·017). IL-2 was undetectable.ConclusionIn human sepsis and septic shock, IL-13 correlated with TNF-α expression, but its effect on HLA-DR class II molecules remains unclear.
Incidence and outcome of surgical repair of spigelian hernia
Authors: Vos D I , Scheltinga M R M 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundA spigelian hernia develops through a defect present in a locus minoris resistentiae between abdominal muscles. It is generally considered rare but is probably underdiagnosed. This study was undertaken to characterize the history, presenting features and efficacy of surgical correction of spigelian hernia.MethodsMedical and surgical charts of 25 patients treated for a spigelian hernia over 22 years were studied retrospectively. Patients were invited for an outpatient interview and physical examination.ResultsDominant symptoms were an intermittent palpable mass (22 patients) and postural pain (16). A quarter of the patients reported a history of other hernias. Two individuals presented with a painful palpable mass and signs of bowel obstruction necessitating emergency small bowel resection. Hernia repair was performed by primary closure in 20 patients and by use of mesh graft in five. During a mean follow-up of 6·1 years, one early recurrence was observed. Two patients reported mild tenderness in the operated area but were not impaired in daily activities.ConclusionSpigelian hernia is commonly encountered and requires surgical treatment because of the risk of strangulation. Operative treatment is simple and effective in the long term.
Outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the era of endovascular treatment
Authors: Zeebregts C J , Geelkerken R H , van der Palen J , Huisman A B , de Smit P , van Det R J 
Published: April 2004

Abstract

Background
The effect on outcome of the introduction of endovascular techniques for the exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to contrast the early and mid-term outcome after open and endovascular AAA repair.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR; n = 93) between April 1998 and January 2003, or conventional open aneurysm repair in the time intervals before (n = 113) and after (n = 82) the introduction of EVAR were studied. All data were collected prospectively. All patients underwent elective and primary repair. Patient survival was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the possible predictive value of more than 25 perioperative variables on five outcome variables (length of intensive care unit stay, morbidity, and 30-day, 6-month and overall mortality) was assessed by multivariate analysis.

Results
There were no differences in risk profiles between the three groups. Selection for EVAR was based on anatomical grounds only. All five outcome variables were significantly better with EVAR than either former or recent open repair. The only significant predictors of failure were advanced age and the need to perform an additional procedure for former open repair; hypertension and the preoperative use of anticoagulants for recent open repair; and renal insufficiency and pulmonary insufficiency for EVAR.

Conclusion
EVAR offered considerable benefits compared with conventional open repair at early and mid-term follow-up, which was not explained by selection of patients with a favourable risk profile. In the current era, in which patients are selected for open repair as a consequence of unfavourable anatomy, morbidity and mortality rates following conventional open treatment of AAA have increased at early and mid-term, but not at long-term, follow-up.
Timing of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not influence conversion rate
Authors: Knight J S , Mercer S J , Somers S S , Walters A M , Sadek S A , Toh S K C 
Published: April 2004

Abstract

Background
The optimal treatment of acute gallstone disease is urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, but there is confusion about the effect of delay in operation on conversion rates. Most reports suggest that delay beyond 3 or 4 days leads to a higher conversion rate. This study assessed the conversion rate in relation to the timing of laparoscopic surgery.

Methods
This institution operates a specialist-led protocol for the urgent management of all admissions with acute gallstone disease. Data were collected prospectively over 6 months.

Results
Between March and August 2002, 84 patients with acute gallstone disease underwent urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the index admission with an overall conversion rate of 12 per cent. Four of 40 procedures carried out within 3 days of admission were converted, compared with six of 44 after 3 days. Five of 46 carried out within 4 days of admission were converted, compared with five of 38 after 4 days. There were no deaths and one common bile duct injury.

Conclusion
As long as the procedure is carried out by experienced upper gastrointestinal surgeons working within a specialist-led protocol, the conversion rate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be as low as 12 per cent. The timing of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy has no impact on the conversion rate.
Use of sirolimus‐eluting coronary stents in routine clinical practice
Authors: Goy Jean‐Jacques , Urban Philip , Seydoux Charles , De Benedetti Edoardo , Stauffer Jean‐Christophe 
Published: April 2004

AbstractRestenosis has long remained the major limitation of intracoronary stenting, but several randomized trials have recently shown that the use of drug‐eluting stents appear to reduce markedly the risk of recurrence following treatment of de novo lesions. To evaluate whether the results of randomized trials can be generalized to routine clinical practice, all patients receiving at least one sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) in two Swiss hospitals were entered into a prospective registry. Only target vessels with a reference diameter > 3.5 mm were excluded. Clinical follow‐up was obtained after 6 months. A total of 183 patients were included. The procedural success was 97.8% and the incidence of in‐hospital MACE was 2.2%. At 7 ± 2 months, 95.6% of the patients were event‐free, and target lesion revascularization was required in only three patients (1.6%). The excellent medium‐term results obtained with the SES in randomized trials can be replicated in routine clinical practice. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:26–29. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Oligofluorenes
Authors: Jo Jungho , Chi Chunyan , Höger Sigurd , Wegner Gerhard , Yoon Do Y. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene oligomers up to the heptamer is reported, with repetitive Suzuki and Yamamoto coupling reactions employed in the synthesis. The key steps for preparation of the essential intermediates include Pd‐catalyzed transformation of aryl bromides to aryl boronic esters (Miyaura reaction) and the application of the much higher reactivity of aryl boronic esters over aryl bromides in the Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction with aryl diazonium salts. Variation of the UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence characteristics with chain length is reported. Moreover, glass transition and liquid‐crystal characteristics of the oligomers are described and compared with those of the polymer.
Catalytic Conversions in Water. Part 23. Steric Effects and Increased Substrate Scope in the Palladium‐Neocuproine Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols in Aqueous Solvents.
Authors: ten Brink Gerd‐Jan , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Hoogenraad Marcel , Verspui Goeran , Sheldon Roger A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkylative Reduction of Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide with EtMgBr: Convenient Method for the Generation of Subvalent Titanium Alkoxide Reagents and Their Reactivity in Pinacol Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Matiushenkov Evgenii A. , Sokolov Nikolai A. , Kulinkovich Oleg G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Chloro‐N‐(1,2,2,2‐tetrachloro‐ and 1,2,2‐trichloroethyl)sulfonamides from N,N‐Dichlorosulfonamides and 1,2‐Polychloroethenes.
Authors: Kondrashov E. V. , Rozentsveig I. B. , Levkovskaya G. G. , Kanitskaya L. V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of (‐)‐ and (+)‐Tricyclic Compounds with Enone Functionalities in Rings A and C. A Novel Class of Orally Active Antiinflammatory and Cancer Chemopreventive Agents.
Authors: Honda Tadashi , Favaloro Frank G. Jr. , Janosik Tomasz , Honda Yukiko , Suh Nanjoo , Sporn Michael B. , Gribble Gordon W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Regiospecific Fischer Indole Reaction in Choline Chloride×2ZnCl2 with Product Isolation by Direct Sublimation from the Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Morales Raul Calderon , Tambyrajah Vasuki , Jenkins Paul R. , Davies David L. , Abbott Andrew P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4‐Arylhydrazono‐3‐arylthiomethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1‐R‐5‐pyrazolones
Authors: Bodnar V. N. , Britsun V. N. , Lozinskii M. O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient and Chemoselective Conversion of Aryl Aldehydes to Their Azalactones Catalyzed by Bi(III) Salts under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Jomor Saied Jabar Hoseini 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of the Key Intermediates for the Core 3,4‐Dihydroisocoumarin Structures of AI‐77‐B and Apicularen from ortho‐Metalated Dianions of t‐Butylbenzamides and Functionalized Epoxides.
Authors: Kwon Bo‐Sung , Tae Jinsung 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5‐(4‐Aryl)‐2‐phenyl‐5,6‐dihydrobenzo[b][1,5]oxazocin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Davion Yann , Guillaumet Gerald , Leger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Lesur Brigitte , Merour Jean‐Yves 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclization of Dienols, Polyenes, and Dienyne Mediated by Mercuric Salts: Course of Cyclizations Controlled by Stability of Cationic Intermediates.
Authors: Takao Hiroko , Wakabayashi Akihito , Takahashi Kazuya , Imagawa Hiroshi , Sugihara Takumichi , Nishizawa Mugio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Curcumin Analogues as Potential Antioxidant, Cancer Chemopreventive Agents.
Authors: Youssef Khairia M. , El‐Sherbeny Magda A. , El‐Shafie Faiza S. , Farag Hassan A. , Al‐Deeb Omar A. , Awadalla Sit Albanat A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Briarane Derivatives from the Gorgonian Coral Junceella fragilis.
Authors: Sung Ping‐Jyun , Fan Tung‐Yung , Fang Lee‐Shing , Wu Shwu‐Li , Li Jan‐Jung , Chen Ming‐Chyuan , Cheng Ying‐Min , Wang Guey‐Horng 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Pyrrole C‐Nucleosides by Nitrogen Extrusion from Pyridazine C‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Joshi Uday , Josse Solen , Pipelier Muriel , Chevallier Floris , Pradere Jean‐Paul , Hazard Roland , Legoupy Stephanie , Huet Francois , Dubreuil Didier 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements in the Enantioselective Synthesis of (—)‐Methylenolactocin.
Authors: Ariza Xavier , Fernandez Natalia , Garcia Jordi , Lopez Marta , Montserrat Laia , Ortiz Jordi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An LN2 cooled toroid resonator
Authors: Pschierer C. , Griswold M. , Lanz T. , Haase A. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract(ISMRM2002:) A toroid cavity resonator for imaging on small, non lossy objects like plants at 7.05 T has been built. It is integrated into a cryostat, so that it can be cooled to 77K using liquid nitrogen. Cooled and uncooled measurements on the workbench and in the NMR spectrometer have been performed and compared. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 21B: 11–18, 2004.
A simple, robust hardware device for passive or active respiratory gating in MRI and MRS experiments
Authors: Garbow Joel R. , Dugas Joseph P. , Song Sheng‐Kwei , Conradi Mark S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe synchronization of MR data collection with respiration is essential for collecting high‐quality, in vivo magnetic resonance images and spectra of rodents. In this article, we describe the design and operation of a simple, robust device for respiratory gating. Inexpensive and easy to construct, the device operates in either free‐breathing or actively driven (ventilator) modes. Respiration is monitored either by a pressure transducer connected to the nosecone used to deliver anesthesia to the animal or by a fiber‐optic detector of the animal's motion. The device generates a TTL signal that can be used to trigger the MR scanner to enable respiratory‐synchronized data acquisition. A variety of different MR imaging sequences can be easily modified to incorporate respiratory gating. We present respiratory‐synchronized imaging and spectroscopy results obtained using this device, including 1H MR images of mouse lung, liver, and spinal cord and localized 1H spectra of mouse liver. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 21B: 40–48, 2004
Radial glia defines boundaries and subdivisions in the embryonic midbrain of the lizard Gallotia galloti
Authors: Trujillo Carmen Ma. , Alonso Antonia , Damas Carmen 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have studied the organization of the midbrain radial glia in embryos of Gallotia galloti using the fluorescent lipophilic dye 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) and the antibodies H5 and RC2. Our goal was to verify if the radial glia takes part in the midbrain boundaries formation and if it defines different zones. Our exam reveals two clear limits, anterior or mesencephalic–diencephalic (m/d) and posterior or mesencephalic–rhombencephalic (m/r), that can be defined as the borders where the midbrain radial glia processes end. Moreover, fasciculate radial glia processes characterize these limits totally or partially. They coincide with gene expression limits and with cytoarchitectonic limits defined by other criteria. Six different subdivisions, five alar and one basal, can be defined according to radial glia distribution, fasciculation, and immunohistochemical features. The ventral part of the alar region is defined by an RC2‐positive bundle of radial glial cells. This bundle supposes a trustworthy landmark to point out the tectal/tegmental boundary. We hypothesize that this pattern of midbrain radial glia represents a basic model in amniota. J. Comp. Neurol. 473:162–176, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of estrogen receptor α and β in the mouse central nervous system: In vivo autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analyses
Authors: Merchenthaler Istvan , Lane Malcolm V. , Numan Suzanne , Dellovade Tammy L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough the distribution of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous has been reported, no such data are available in the mouse. The present study used in vivo autoradiography utilizing a 125I‐estrogen that has equal binding affinity for both receptors as well as immunohistochemistry for ERβ and ERα, to investigate and compare the distribution of the two ERs in the mouse CNS. The use specific antisera against ERα and ERβ allowed us to evaluate the contribution of these receptors to the binding detected with autoradiography. In addition, data were collected in ovariectomized wildtype and ERα KO (knockout) mice to examine developmental regulation of ERβ expression by ERα. These studies revealed that in the mouse CNS, combining immunoreactivity for ERα with that for ERβ accounted for all regions where binding was seen using autoradiography. Therefore, these data strongly suggest that the major contributors of estrogen binding in the mouse CNS are ERα and ERβ. Together, these data provide an anatomical foundation for future studies and advance our understanding of estrogen action in the CNS. Moreover, since the immunocytochemical images were similar in wildtype and ERα KO mice, these studies suggest that the lack of ERα does not influence the expression of ERβ in the central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 473:270–291, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing observers
Authors: Kuehni Rolf G. , Ramanath Rajeev 
Published: April 2004

AbstractColor‐matchingfunctions may be considered dimension reduction functions that project a spectral reflectance function into the desired space of colors. Using a gray metameric pair with maximal spectral difference we compare the abilities of various human and other observers with regard to the transition wavelengths for that metameric pair. Transition wavelengths are shown to be a convenient tool for comparing and classifying observers regardless of the number of dimension reduction functions. Four human observers were identified as differing in a comparable manner from the CIE 2° standard observer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 183–186, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20004
Uncertainty analysis for reflectance colorimetry
Authors: Early E. A. , Nadal M. E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe uncertainty associated with the quantitative description of the color of an object is often necessary for determining the acceptability of that object for its intended application. Uncertainties are also required for establishing the traceability of a measurement to a national metrology institute. A systematic, analytical approach to uncertainty analysis, which conforms to currently accepted practice, is presented for reflectance colorimetry. Two important concepts are stressed—the measurement equation describing the relation between signals and the spectral reflectance factor and correlations both between signals at the same wavelength and between reflectance factors at different wavelengths. The approach is illustrated by considering representative object colors and instrument parameters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 205–216, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20006
Use of gray system theory in product‐color planning
Authors: Hsiao Shih‐Wen , Tsai Hung‐Cheng 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA quantitative evaluation method for the CIE color‐planning activity within the product design cycle is proposed in this article. The questionnaire‐based process that is traditionally employed to obtain objective color psychology tends to be time‐consuming. Accordingly, this study proposes the use of gray system theory to overcome this problem. In the CIE color system, colors are defined by three primary colors, R (red), G (green), and B (blue). Using these three principal hues with fixed equigap sequences to simulate specific basic color samples is an efficient means of investigating unicolor images on a personal computer. However, a gray relational generating operation can be used to simulate colors beyond these basic samples and to predict the corresponding membership values for semantic words. In addition, the gray clustering operation is introduced to predict the overall color image evaluation of multicolored products. The predicted evaluation results of the gray system theory and a back‐propagation neural network are both compared with experimentally verified results. The results indicate that the gray forecasting model is the more effective means of predicting the image evaluation, and therefore, the method is adopted within the color‐planning activity. Although this study takes the example of the Internet‐aided color planning of a baby walker as a case study, the proposed method can also be used on other products. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 222–231, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20009
A study of colour emotion and colour preference. Part I: Colour emotions for single colours
Authors: Ou Li‐Chen , Luo M. Ronnier , Woodcock Andrée , Wright Angela 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis article classifies colour emotions for single colours and develops colour‐science‐based colour emotion models. In a psychophysical experiment, 31 observers, including 14 British and 17 Chinese subjects assessed 20 colours on 10 colour‐emotion scales: warm–cool, heavy–light, modern–classical, clean–dirty, active–passive, hard–soft, tense–relaxed, fresh–stale, masculine–feminine, and like–dislike. Experimental results show no significant difference between male and female data, whereas different results were found between British and Chinese observers for the tense–relaxed and like–dislike scales. The factor analysis identified three colour‐emotion factors: colour activity, colour weight, and colour heat. The three factors agreed well with those found by Kobayashi and Sato et al. Four colour‐emotion models were developed, including warm–cool, heavy–light, active–passive, and hard–soft. These models were compared with those developed by Sato et al. and Xin and Cheng. The results show that for each colour emotion the models of the three studies agreed with each other, suggesting that the four colour emotions are culture‐independent across countries. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 232–240, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20010
Bezold–Brucke effect exists in related and unrelated colors and resembles the Abney effect
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Color Research and Application 29:402, 2004.I wish to correct a sometimes‐held misconception that Bezold–Brucke hue‐shift applies only to aperture colors and not to real object colors. I also demonstrate the broad similarity between this and Abney hue‐shift, despite a contrary report. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 241–246, 2004