bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Temperature-Sensitive Mutation in the
dnaE
Gene of
Caulobacter crescentus
That Prevents Initiation of DNA Replication but Not Ongoing Elongation of DNA
Authors: Lo Teresa , van Der Schalie Ellena , Werner Theresa , Brun Yves V. , Din Neena 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

A genetic screen for cell division cycle mutants of
Caulobacter crescentus
identified a temperature-sensitive DNA replication mutant. Genetic complementation experiments revealed a mutation within the
dnaE
gene, encoding the α-catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. Sequencing of the temperature-sensitive
dnaE
allele indicated a single base pair substitution resulting in a change from valine to glutamic acid within the C-terminal portion of the protein. This mutation lies in a region of the DnaE protein shown in
Escherichia coli
, to be important in interactions with other essential DNA replication proteins. Using DNA replication assays and fluorescence flow cytometry, we show that the observed block in DNA synthesis in the
Caulobacter dnaE
mutant strain occurs at the initiation stage of replication and that there is also a partial block of DNA elongation.
InvB Is Required for Type III-Dependent Secretion of SopA in
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Ehrbar Kristin , Hapfelmeier Siegfried , Stecher Bärbel , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

The
Salmonella
effector protein SopA is translocated into host cells via the SPI-1 type III secretion system (TTSS) and contributes to enteric disease. We found that the chaperone InvB binds to SopA and slightly stabilizes it in the bacterial cytosol and that it is required for its transport via the SPI-1 TTSS.
Dynamics of Fruiting Body Morphogenesis
Authors: Kaiser Dale , Welch Roy 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTMyxobacteria build their species-specific fruiting bodies by cell movement and then differentiate spores in specific places within that multicellular structure. New steps in the developmental aggregation ofMyxococcus xanthuswere discovered through a frame-by-frame analysis of a motion picture. The formation and fate of 18 aggregates were captured in the time-lapse movie. Still photographs of 600 other aggregates were also analyzed.M. xanthushas two engines that propel the gliding of its rod-shaped cells: slime-secreting jets at the rear and retractile pili at the front. The earliest aggregates are stationary masses of cells that look like three-dimensional traffic jams. We propose a model in which both engines stall as the cells' forward progress is blocked by other cells in the traffic jam. We also propose that these blockades are eventually circumvented by the cell's capacity to turn, which is facilitated by the push of slime secretion at the rear of each cell and by the flexibility of the myxobacterial cell wall. Turning by many cells would transform a traffic jam into an elliptical mound, in which the cells are streaming in closed orbits. Pairs of adjacent mounds are observed to coalesce into single larger mounds, probably reflecting the fusion of orbits in the adjacent mounds. Although fruiting bodies are relatively large structures that contain 105cells, no long-range interactions between cells were evident. For aggregation,M. xanthusappears to use local interactions between its cells.
Inhibition of Membrane-Bound Methane Monooxygenase and Ammonia Monooxygenase by Diphenyliodonium: Implications for Electron Transfer
Authors: Shiemke Andrew K. , Arp Daniel J. , Sayavedra-Soto Luis A. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

Diphenyliodonium (DPI) is known to irreversibly inactivate flavoproteins. We have found that DPI inhibits both membrane-bound methane monooxygenase (pMMO) from
Methylococcus capsulatus
and ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) of
Nitrosomonas europaea
. The effect of DPI on NADH-dependent pMMO activity in vitro is ascribed to inactivation of NDH-2, a flavoprotein which we proposed catalyzes reduction of the quinone pool by NADH. DPI is a potent inhibitor of type 2 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (NDH-2), with 50% inhibition occurring at ≈5 μM. Inhibition of NDH-2 is irreversible and requires NADH. Inhibition of NADH-dependent pMMO activity by DPI in vitro is concomitant with inhibition of NDH-2, consistent with our proposal that NDH-2 mediates reduction of pMMO. Unexpectedly, DPI also inhibits pMMO activity driven by exogenous hydroquinols, but with ≈100 μM DPI required to achieve 50% inhibition. Similar concentrations of DPI are required to inhibit formate-, formaldehyde-, and hydroquinol-driven pMMO activities in whole cells. The pMMO activity in DPI-treated cells greatly exceeds the activity of NDH-2 or pMMO in membranes isolated from those cells, suggesting that electron transfer from formate to pMMO in vivo can occur independent of NADH and NDH-2. AMO activity, which is known to be independent of NADH, is affected by DPI in a manner analogous to pMMO in vivo: ≈100 μM is required for 50% inhibition regardless of the nature of the reducing agent. DPI does not affect hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity and does not require AMO turnover to exert its inhibitory effect. Implications of these data for the electron transfer pathway from the quinone pool to pMMO and AMO are discussed.
Growth and life histories in Nematoda with particular reference to environmental factors
Authors: Boag Brian , Yeates Gregor 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTo seek unifying principles underlying growth patterns in the phylum Nematoda, the volume of successive developmental stages was determined from published measurements. Within some groups occupying fairly uniform, non-living habitats ( e.g. , Longidoridae, Mononchida, non-parasitic Rhabditida) growth patterns are similar, as are the sizes of both sexes. In aquatic Chromadorida and Monhysterida, females are commonly larger than males. Plant-parasitic groups vary in the relative size of the sexes; within Criconematoidea there is some reduction of males in Hemicyliophora but extreme reduction in Tylenchulus. Despite freeliving and parasitic cycles of Strongyloides showing differing growth in stages 2 to 4, females are similar in both cycles. The strongylid parasites of vertebrates studied have a bacterial-feeding external stage and have lower growth rates and achieve smaller female size than Ascardia with direct life cycles. In taxa for which data are available, the increase in volume between stages 1 and 2 was 0.4-53-fold; that between stages 2 and 3, typically, 1.8-2.9-fold but up to 8191-fold; between stages 3 to 4, 1.7-3.8-fold but up to 100-fold; and between stage 4 to female, typically, 1.1-42-fold but up to 918-fold. Complete data are available for few nematode species and there is no apparent consistent pattern in which taxa contain 'outliers' at particular stages. Many more data are required to assess the impacts of habitat texture, physical support, food supply and experienced temperature on nematode growth and size.
Activity-Dependent Expression of Acyl-Coenzyme A-Binding Protein in Retinal Muller Glial Cells Evoked by Optokinetic Stimulation
Authors: Barmack Neal H. , Bilderback Timothy R. , Liu Henry , Qian Zuyuan , Yakhnitsa Vadim 
Published: February 2004

Long-term horizontal optokinetic stimulation (HOKS) decreases the gain of the horizontal optokinetic reflex and evokes the second phase of optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN-II). We investigated the possible molecular constituents of this adaptation. We used a differential display reverse transcriptase-PCR screen for mRNAs isolated from retinas of rabbits that received HOKS. In each rabbit, we compared mRNAs from the retina stimulated in the posterior→anterior (preferred) direction with mRNAs from the retina stimulated in the anterior→posterior (null) direction. Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) mRNA was one of four mRNAs selected by this screen, the proteins of which interact with GABA receptors. HOKS in the preferred direction increased ACBP mRNA transcription and ACBP protein expression. ACBP was localized to Muller glial cells by hybridization histochemistry and by immunohistochemistry. ACBP interacts with the α1-subunit of the GABAAreceptor, as determined by a yeast two-hybrid technique. This interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of ACBP and the α1-subunit of the GABAAreceptor using an antibody to GABAAα1. The interaction was also confirmed by a “pull-down” assay in which histidine-tagged ACBP was used to pull down the GABAAα1. ACBP does not cross the blood–brain barrier. However, smaller truncated proteolytic fragments of ACBP do, increasing the excitability of central cortical neurons.Muller cells may secrete ACBP in the inner plexiform layer, thereby decreasing the sensitivity of GABAAreceptors expressed on the surface of ganglion cell dendrites. Because retinal directional sensitivity is linked to GABAergic transmission, HOKS-induced expression of ACBP could provide a molecular basis for adaptation to HOKS and for the genesis of OKAN-II.
EAST TIMOR'S FOUNDING ELECTIONS AND EMERGING PARTY SYSTEM
Authors: King Dwight Y. 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
East Timor's statehood was launched with two U.N.-supervised elections, one in August 2001 to elect the Constituent Assembly (which became the parliament) and the second in April 2002 to elect the head of state. Analysis of district-level returns from the Assembly election reveals two types of strategic voting, three lines of political cleavage in the electorate, and two legacies of Indonesian rule. This article analyzes East Timor's first two elections, with particular focus on the bases of voting choice and on the nascent party system. There are three main findings: (1) a higher level of political savvy among the citizenry than expected, given their poverty and lack of formal education; (2) three political cleavages, one generational and two regional-one that divides the eastern from the western region and one that distinguishes the central mountain region from the rest of the country; and (3) areas that under Indonesian rule had voted heavily for the “opposition” party have now switched to FRETILIN, the new predominant party.
Discurso médico, cultura higiénica y la mujer en la ciudad de México al cambio de siglo (XIX –XX)
Authors: Agostoni Claudia 
Published: February 2004

This article explores why alongside sanitary legislation and public health works, Mexican physicians of the late nineteenth century attempted to transform the habits, customs and day to day activities of the population. It stresses the importance that the teaching of the principles of private and public hygiene had for the future of the country, how this education was to be carried out, and why some members of the medical profession believed that the hygienic education of mothers/women was an unavoidable requirement for the progress of the nation.
Este artículo analiza por qué durante las décadas finales del siglo diecinueve, el gremio médico mexicano consideraba que era absolutamente indispensable que los habitantes del país, y en particular las mujeres de la capital, contaran con una cultura de la higiene. No sólo era fundamental sanear y ordenar a la ciudad de México mediante obras de infraestructura sanitaria, y emitir leyes que regularan la salubridad de la nación, sino que era igualmente importante, y quizás más urgente, que los habitantes transformaran sus hábitos y costumbres de acuerdo con lo establecido por la higiene pública y privada. Asimismo, el artículo examina los métodos mediante los cuales se procuró crear una cultura de la higiene, y por qué la madre de familia fue considerada como una aliada imprescindible para la empresa de los higienistas.
Traversing the Mexican Odyssey: Reflections on Political Change and the Study of Mexican Politics
Authors: Williams Mark Eric 
Published: February 2004

This essay explains how the peculiar properties of Mexico's political system helped shape the approach to the study of Mexican politics. It assesses some of the strengths and limitations of the scholarship this produced, examines the political changes that fueled Mexico's democratic transition, and assesses their implications both for Mexico's recent market reforms and the study of Mexican politics in general. It finds that the demise of single-party rule and fundamental changes in patterns of governance have opened new research avenues, and suggests an emerging research agenda in light of these developments.En este ensayo se explica la manera en que las propiedades peculiares del sistema político mexicano ayudaron a configurar el acercamiento al estudio de la política mexicana. Se valoran algunas de las ventajas y las desventajas en este enfoque, se examinan los cambios políticos que influyeron en la transición democrática méxicana y se analizan sus implicaciones en las reformas recientes del mercado y estudio de la política mexicana en general. El análisis concluye que, debido al cese de influencia del antiguo régimen del partido oficial y a los cambios fundamentales en los modelos de gobierno, se han abierto nuevas áreas de investigación, proponiendo un nuevo programa de investigación que tome en cuenta el giro de los nuevos acontecimientos.
"Tenía bríos y, aún vieja, los sigo teniendo": entrevista a Matilde Landeta
Authors: Arredondo Isabel 
Published: February 2004

The interview with filmmaker Matilde Landeta (1910–1999) shows that moving up within the film union was conditioned by gender, and that such advancement was contingent upon the alliance or competition between the Mexican and North-American film industries. The interview also shows that in her films Landeta interpreted the Mexican meta-narratives, such as the Conquest, the Mexican Revolution and the Life of the Modern City, from a feminine point of view. Thus both Landeta's career and her filmic perspectives reflected her gendered position in the industry.
La entrevista con la cineasta mexicana Matilde Landeta (1910-1999) muestra que, durante los años cuarenta en México, el ser hombre o mujer afectaba la política de ascenso dentro del sindicato de cine y que dicha política dependía, a su vez, de la alianza o competencia entre las industrias de cine mexicana y norteamericana. La entrevista también prueba que, en sus películas, Landeta interpretó las metanarrativas mexicanas de la Conquista, la Revolución mexicana y la vida urbana moderna desde una perspectiva femenina. Por consiguiente, tanto su carrera como sus perspectivas fílmicas revelan su posición de mujer dentro de la industria.
The Demon Inside: Madre Conchita, Gender, and the Assassination of Obregón
Authors: Heilman Jaymie 
Published: February 2004

This article considers the role of gender in the conviction and subsequent exoneration of Madre Conchita, a Mexican abbess accused of being the intellectual author of the 1928 assassination of President-elect Alvaro Obregón. By examining the discourse of state prosecutors, the essay demonstrates that the Mexican state mobilized arguments about gender to avoid the politically charged topic of religion during the final phases of the Cristero Rebellion. Conchita, in turn, used her own gendered discourse to assert her innocence in the years following her conviction. Conchita's case shows that gender was a useful and tremendously flexible political tool.
En este artículo se señala el papel del género en la condenación y exoneración de la Madre Conchita, una abadesa mexicana acusada de ser la autora intelectual del asesinato del Presidente-electo Alvaro Obregón en 1928. A través de un análisis del discurso de los fiscales del gobierno, en el ensayo se demuestra que el estado mexicano utilizó argumentos sobre el género para evitar el uso político de la religión durante las últimas fases de la rebelión cristera. Conchita, por otro lado, usó su propio discurso del género para declarar su inocencia en los años posteriores a su condenación. Al final, el género fue una herramienta política sumamente maleable y eficaz.
¿Nueva narrativa? Entrevista con David Toscana
Authors: Brescia Pablo A. J. , Bennett Scott M. 
Published: February 2004

This interview with Mexican writer David Toscana ponders the current state of both Mexican and Latin American narrative and serves as an insight into his own works. Toscana's statements about the recurring themes in his narrative (failure, loneliness, characters put to the test, and a tendency to play with different time frames, especially in his novels) help illustrate some of the characteristics of his fiction, which, according to various critics, is one of the most promising today in Mexico. Also noteworthy are his comments about the tendency of writers from his generation (born in the 1960s and later) to reject the legacy of the "boom" writers. Toscana's own interest is to revisit history and tradition by constructing a different voice and a different vision, a new way of seeing and hearing both the past and the present.
Esta entrevista con el escritor mexicano David Toscana trata de explorar el estado actual de la narrativa mexicana y latinoamericana, amén de servir como una aproximación a la incipiente obra de este autor. Las respuestas de Toscana sobre los temas recurrentes en su literatura (el fracaso, la soledad, los personajes sometidos a pruebas y una tendencia a proponer diferentes marcos temporales, especialmente en sus novelas) subrayan algunos rasgos de su ficción, la cual, según la crítica especializada, es una de las más prometedoras en el panorama mexicano de hoy. De especial interés son los comentarios de Toscana sobre la tendencia de los escritores de su generación a rechazar el legado del "boom" latinoamericano. Toscana reacciona contra ese rechazo y propone una voz personal que vuelva a la historia y a la tradición y plantee una nueva manera de ver el pasado y el presente de México.
Fronteras y literatura: El periódico La Patria (El Paso, Texas, 1919-1925)
Authors: Rodríguez Blanca 
Published: February 2004

This essay examines the contributions of the newspaper La Patria, published in El Paso, Texas, from 1919 to 1925, to the formation of a literary culture. Based on research in the archives of the paper's founder, Silvestre Terrazas, the essay discusses the political identity of the newspaper, its production and distribution, as well as various literary and journalistic genres given voice in the paper. The author also assesses the role of the Mexican press in the United States in establishing the foundation for the Spanish literary boom on both sides of the border. The study also attempts to rescue Mexican journalism born beyond our border.
Sustentado en el archivo de Silvestre Terrazas y en el periódico La Patria, este ensayo examina principalmente sus contribuciones a la formación de una cultura literaria. Se ofrece una semblanza de su filiación política y datos sobre su producción y distribución; informa sobre la difusión de algunos géneros literarios y periodísticos para concluir con una valoración de la prensa mexicana en los Estados Unidos, que sentó algunas bases para el auge literario en español en ambas fronteras.
La apicultura y el paisaje maya. Estudio sobre la fenología de floración de las especies melíferas y su relación con el ciclo apícola en La Montaña, Campeche, México
Authors: Porter Bolland Luciana 
Published: February 2004

The important melliferous and polliniferous species of the La Montaña Region, found north of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in the state of Campeche, Mexico, were studied in relation to their flowering phenology and the beekeeping cycle. More than 100 plant species are used by bees, of which at least 67 genera and 31 families were identified. Honey production in this region depends to a great extent on the multiple flowerings of the forest, which contrasts with other areas of Yucatán where much of the honey produced depends on recently disturbed areas. At La Montaña, apiculture is an activity with a historical importance that today represents a viable alternative activity that could be compatible with the conservation of the natural resources.
Se estudiaron las especies melíferas y poliníferas importantes en la región de La Montaña, ubicada al norte de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul en Campeche, México, en relación a su fenología de floración y al ciclo apícola. Más de 100 especies de plantas son aprovechadas por las abejas, de las cuales se identificaron 67 géneros y 31 familias. La producción de miel en esta región depende en gran parte de las múltiples floraciones de la selva, a diferencia de otras zonas de la península donde mucha de la miel depende de especies de zonas recientemente perturbadas. En esta región, la apicultura es una actividad que históricamente ha sido importante, y actualmente pudiera tener un gran potencial como alternativa económica compatible con la conservación de la biodiversidad.
The "Suppression" of Fanny Mendelssohn: Rethinking Feminist Biography
Authors: Kimber Marian Wilson 
Published: February 2004

The idea that Felix Mendelssohn prevented his sister, Fanny Hensel, from publishing her compositions is central to biographical representations of her, including Françoise Tillard's Fanny Mendelssohn (1992) and Gloria Kamen's Hidden Music (1996). This story can be traced to nineteenth-century publications by male members of the Mendelssohn family and their desire to portray both siblings according to socially acceptable gender roles. Such origins challenge the assumption that the story of Fanny Hensel's "suppression" represents a modern feminist reinterpretation of her life. Instead, current treatment of Hensel relies on common biographical models for male composers; in her lack of a public career, she fits the Romantic stereotype of the neglected, suffering genius.
The retelling of the "suppression" of Fanny Hensel represents a "story" in itself - a rescue plot in which modern women rediscover Hensel and somehow "save" her from historical neglect. This feminist recovery relies on the assumption that Hensel was forgotten, overlooking the numerous publications between 1830 and 1920 in which she appears. Centering Hensel's biography on her brother's influence rather than on her eventual publication of her music oversimplifies the larger historical situation for women composers, replacing the manifold issues surrounding gender and class with a single male villain. The difficulties encountered in telling the story of Hensel's life reveal a need for a feminist biography that balances an understanding of larger cultural constraints with recognition of individual female agency.
Hasidism in the Age of Aquarius: The House of Love and Prayer in San Francisco, 1967–1977
Authors: Ariel Yaakov 
Published: February 2004

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Americans encountered an unexpected group of people who, at first sight, seemed unreal: Hasidic hippies. Conceiving of Hasidic Judaism as being incompatible with the spirit of the era and of hippie culture as being far removed from the Jewish tradition, most Jews could not comprehend how anyone could try to amalgamate two such opposing cultures.Many of the young Hasidic hippies were affiliated with or influenced by the House of Love and Prayer (HLP), a Jewish outreach center that operated in San Francisco between 1967 and 1977 and promoted the mixture of traditional Hasidic Judaism with the counter-culture. It represented a new generation in American religious life: the baby boomers, with their spiritual journeys and cultural preferences, which included attempts to unite religious traditions and cultural trends that just a few years earlier had seemed too different to bridge. The HLP promoted the return to tradition and the embracing of the mystical and supernatural elements of Judaism. Together with other groups that emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s, the HLP helped bring about a revolution in the practicing of the Jewish tradition, one that gave expression to the style and values of the Jewish members of the counterculture.