bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat Yield Response to Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Africa and China: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Feyisa Derara Sori , Jiao Xiaoqiang , Mojo Dagne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSustainable food production and feeding a growing population are among the main challenges in the world nowadays. Studies suggest that improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is among the key strategies for sustainable crop production. However, yield response to chemical nitrogen fertilizer use (N use) and the NUE was not fully investigated both in China and Africa. The purpose of this article was, therefore, to investigate the findings of different nitrogen fertilization rate experiments and thereby identify a potential approach that could be used to improve wheat yield and NUE in Africa and China. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the effects of soil characteristics, such as pH and soil organic matter (SOM) on wheat yield responses to N uses. A meta-analysis was conducted to systematically assess the results of previous studies published in peer-reviewed journal articles. We identified and used 65 studies conducted in different African countries and 154 in different provinces of China. The articles were obtained from Tylor, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. The result indicated that the mean yield response to chemical nitrogen fertilizers use (N use) in Africa was far lower than that in China, implying the presence of higher wheat yield gaps in Africa than in China. In addition, the wheat yield responses to N uses showed different patterns in both regions. That is, while it was increasing with N application in Africa, it increased and reached a peak at 200 kg ha−1 in China, indicating the existence of nitrogen accumulation in the provinces of China. The findings also showed significant influences of soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and precipitations on wheat yield responses to N uses. The higher yield gap in Africa can be improved by increasing nitrogen use to the optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate level, which can also increase nitrogen use efficiency and yield response. In Africa, the high yield response to N use was accompanied by N depletion, while in China it was with a high N surplus in the soil. The effects of pH, SOM, and precipitation were generally more pronounced in Africa than in China.
Discovery of new 2,4-diaminopyrimidines derivatives as EGFRT790M kinase inhibitors: a structure-based approach with DFT calculation, drug-likeness, ADME-toxicity properties evaluation and MD simulation
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Tukur , Tabti Kamal , Abdulsalam Safiya , Tahir Abdulsalam Salisu , Mahmoud Abdulhamid , Danmallam Aisha Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer of the lung is known to be the principal cause of tumour-linked mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common and lethal type of lung cancer with close to 2.0 million reported cases and a survival rate of not less than 20% at all stages in every 5 years of diagnosis. Despite the progress made in the treatment processes, there was no significant improvement in patients with NSCLC. As such, this research aims to design (utilizing a structure-based approach) potential EGFRT790M kinase inhibitors with their DFT calculations, Drug-likeness, ADME-Toxicity properties evaluation and MD simulation. A structure-based approach was employed to design potential EGFRT790M kinase inhibitors. The DFT calculations, Drug-likeness and ADME-Toxicity properties of the newly designed potential EGFRT790M kinase inhibitors were evaluated. MD simulation of the best newly designed compound was further studied. The virtual screening performed on the investigated EGFRT790M Kinase inhibitors has identified compound 8 with the highest mole dock score of − 136.377 kcal/mol as the best hit. The structure-based strategy was adopted to design six new compounds with better affinity (between − 138.255 to − 140.552 kcal/mol) towards the EGFRT790M Kinase enzyme (3IKA). The newly designed EGFR mutant inhibitors were seen to possess better mole dock scores than AZD9291 (− 118.872 kcal/mol). Based on the predicted drug-likeness and ADMET properties, the newly designed compounds are orally bioavailable with a bioavailability score of 0.55, can be synthesized easily in the wet lab (based on their synthetic accessibility score) and possess good pharmacokinetic profiles. The MD simulation performed at 150 ns provides insight into the stability of the S2D3 compound in the binding pocket of the 3IKA target protein. The total binding free energy calculation of the studied S2D3-3IKA complex suggested that van der Waals interactions and electrostatic interactions provided the general powerful force for the binding process. The designed compound S2D3 being stable with higher affinity and best pharmacokinetic properties is therefore recommended to be synthesized in the wet lab as potential NSCLC agents.
Abrus precatorius leaf bioactives: invivo anti-diabetes mellitus type-1 activity, PPARA and SCD as novel targets
Authors: Taofeek Oluwaseun O. , Oyewole Olawale M. , Sulaimon Lateef A. , Sanusi Sabur Olalekan , Akinnuoye Precious O. , Dogara Dennis V. , Ajala Faruq O. , Joda Eniola O. , Afolabi Samuel O. , Adamu Jumai E. , Aminu Muibat A. , Olorundare Florence T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAbrus precatorius (AP) is a medicinal plant rarely studied for its beneficial effects against diabetes mellitus (DM) type-1. We estimated DM type-1 related parameters—total protein (TP), direct bilirubin (DB), urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum glucose (SG) after treatment with methanol extracts of AP leaves (APMLE) for 21 days, followed by histopathological analysis of kidney and liver sections. AP leaf bioactives (ALPBs) were collected from GCMS fractions, database, and literature; common targets were intersected with annotated DM type-1 genes from the experimental GSE14503 microarray dataset and genecard database. Overlapping differentially expressed genes were collected, and their protein–protein interaction network was analyzed using various bioinformatics tools: Enrichr, SRplot, GSEA, and Cytoscape, to provide insight into the potential molecular basis of APLBs in DM-type-1. 15 compounds were identified from GCMS analysis of APMLE. Antidiabetic potential of APMLE was observed with significant (p < 0.05) normalization of SG, TP, DB, ALT, AST, ALP, urea and creatinine while hepatorenal photomicrographs indicated moderate safety. Erucic acid, oleic acid, phytol and stigmasterol interacted with 25 type-1 DM biomarkers enriched in lipid and prostaglandin metabolic processes, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, PPAR signaling pathway, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cAMP signaling pathway. Furthermore, PPARalpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated alpha) and SCD (stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase) were revealed as core biotargets interacting with APLBs via hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces from the docking study. Future interests may provide additional experimental data into the mechanisms by which APLBs elicit this remarkable ability.
Grinding preparation of 2D/2D g-C3N4/BiOCl with oxygen vacancy heterostructure for improved visible-light-driven photocatalysis
Authors: Hou Jianhua , Wang Haoyi , Qin Rongrong , Zhang Qikai , Wu Di , Hou Zhenhua , Yang Wei , Hussain Asif , Tahir Muhammad , Yin Weiqin , Zhang Yongcai , Wang Xiaozhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel 2D/2D g-C3N4/BiOCl (CN/BOC) heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by grinding appropriate amounts of CN, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, glacial acetic acid and KCl at room temperature. The porous CN nanosheets not only facilitate the in situ nucleation and growth of BOC to form thin nanosheets and constitute an intimate contact interface, but also introduce more oxygen vacancies (OVs) in the grinding process. The 2D/2D CN/BOC heterojunction had a good interface and generates a built-in electric field, which can improve the separation of e− and h+. The synergistic effect of the heterostructure and OVs made the photocatalyst have significantly better performance than CN and BOC alone under visible light. The most efficient CN/BOC-5 could achieve a tetracycline (TC) degradation rate of 89.8% within 2 h, which was 1.9 and 1.2 times faster than CN and BOC, respectively. It catalyzed the reduction of CO2 to CO at a rate of 2.00 μ mol h−1 g−1, 1.1 and 3.2 times faster than CN and BOC, respectively. The mechanism for the photocatalysis of CN/BOC-5 was revealed. It was confirmed that the efficiency of photo-induced carrier separation and visible-light photo-absorption were both considerably increased by the synergistic interaction between OVs and 2D/2D heterojunction. This research may open up new possibilities for the logical design of efficient photocatalysts through combining 2D/2D heterojunctions with OVs for environmental remediation.
Graphical Abstract
Facile preparation of NiFe2O4/biochar composite adsorbent for efficient adsorption removal of antibiotics in water
Authors: Liang Huagen , Zhu Chenxi , Wang Anhu , Chen Fu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe removal of antibiotics by adsorption was considered to be a cheap and efficient treatment method. Herein, magnetic NiFe2O4/biochar (NFO/BC) composites were prepared by hydrothermal growth of nickel ferrite nanoparticles on sawdust derived biochar. It was found that NFO/BC composites had developed pore structure, rich oxygen-containing functional groups, and strong magnetism. The maximum adsorption capacity of the prepared magnetic composite for tetracycline (TC) was 420.41 mg g−1. The results of adsorption thermodynamics and adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption process is a spontaneous process, which conforms to Langmuir model and pseudo second-order kinetic model. The influence experiment of pH and ionic strength confirmed that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are the key factors affecting the adsorption process. Additionally, pore filling and π-π interaction also existed in the adsorption process of tetracycline. This recyclable magnetic composite provides a feasible research idea for the efficient removal of antibiotics from water.
Graphical Abstract
A review of the de novo domestication and cultivation of edible Australian native plants as food crops
Authors: George Nicholas Alexander , Coorey Ranil , Dixon Kingsley , Bennett Sarita Jane 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAustralia has a diverse and unique native flora with thousands of edible plant taxa, many of which are wild relatives of important food crops. These have the potential to diversify and improve the sustainability of Australian farming systems. However, the current level of domestication and cultivation of Australian plants as food crops is extremely limited by global standards. This review examines the current status and potential for future de novo domestication and large-scale cultivation of Australian plants as food crops. This is done in the context of international new crop development and factors that impact the success or failure of such efforts. Our review finds considerable potential for native Australian plants to be developed as food crops, but the industry faces several significant challenges. The current industry focuses on niche food markets that are susceptible to oversupply. It also suffers from inconsistent quantity and quality of product, which is attributed to a reliance on wild harvesting and the cultivation of unimproved germplasm. More active cultivation is necessary for industry growth, but attempts have historically failed due to poorly adapted germplasm and a lack of agronomic information. The de novo domestication and large-scale cultivation of Australian plants as food crops will require an investment in publicly supported multidisciplinary research and development programmes. Research programmes must prioritize the exploration of plants throughout Australia and the collection and evaluation of germplasm. Programmes must also seek to engage relevant stakeholders, pursue participatory research models and provide appropriate engagement and benefit-sharing opportunities with Indigenous Australian communities.
A queueing system with an SIR-type infection
Authors: Lefèvre Claude , Simon Matthieu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe consider the propagation of a stochastic SIR-type epidemic in two connected populations: a relatively small local population of interest which is surrounded by a much larger external population. External infectives can temporarily enter the small population and contribute to the spread of the infection inside this population. The rules for entry of infectives into the small population as well as their length of stay are modeled by a general Markov queueing system. Our main objective is to determine the distribution of the total number of infections within both populations. To do this, the approach we propose consists of deriving a family of martingales for the joint epidemic processes and applying classical stopping time or convergence theorems. The study then focuses on several particular cases where the external infection is described by a linear branching process and the entry of external infectives obeys certain specific rules. Some of the results obtained are illustrated by numerical examples.
The explorer king: southern report of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Libertelli Marcela M. , Orgeira Jose L. , Alvarez Facundo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA juvenile king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) was sighted at San Martín Station, Marguerite Bay, west of the Antarctic Peninsula (68°07'S, 67°08'W) on 3 February 2020. The animal was apparently healthy. It was uninjured, moving freely between the station buildings. It remained in the area until 27 March, when it was last seen. Numerous king penguin records have been reported in recent years, mostly in the South Shetland Islands. Two chicks have even been recorded hatching on these islands, but there is currently no evidence that king penguins have raised a chick to emancipation successfully. Here we present the most southerly known record of king penguins, the only one farther south than the Antarctic Circle. Coupled with observations from other parts of Antarctica, the information presented here supports previous suggestions by other authors of a southwards expansion of this species specifically in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The presence of this species at numerous Antarctic localities suggests that the known distribution of this penguin could change in the near future in response to climate change.
Northward migration of Red Knots Calidris canutus rufa and environment connectivity of southern Brazil to Canada
Authors: de Brum Antônio Coimbra , Finger Júlia Victória Grohmann , Lathrop Richard G. , Feigin Stephanie , Smith Joseph , Niles Lawrence Joseph , Petry Maria Virginia 
Published: January 2024

Summary
During their northward migration, Red Knots Calidris canutus rufa stop at the Lagoa do Peixe National Park in the extreme south of Brazil to build up fat reserves for their journey to their Canadian breeding grounds. We tracked five Red Knots with PinPoint Argos-75 GPS transmitters to investigate differences in migration strategies from this stopover. Tracked birds used two different routes: the Central Brazil route and the Brazilian Atlantic Coast route. One bird flew 8,300 km straight from Lagoa do Peixe to the Delaware Bay (USA). Another bird stopped in Maranhão (north-east Brazil) and a third one used a yet unknown environment for the species, the mouth of the Amazon River at Baía Santa Rosa, Brazil. These two birds made short flights, covering stretches of 1,600 km to 3,600 km between stop-overs, where they stayed from 4 to 18 days. Our study highlights the occurrence of intrapopulation variation in migratory strategies and reveals the connectivity of environments that are essential for the viability of rufa Red Knot populations.
Emerging trends: When can users trust GPT, and when should they intervene?
Authors: Church Kenneth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsage of large language models and chat bots will almost surely continue to grow, since they are so easy to use, and so (incredibly) credible. I would be more comfortable with this reality if we encouraged more evaluations with humans-in-the-loop to come up with a better characterization of when the machine can be trusted and when humans should intervene. This article will describe a homework assignment, where I asked my students to use tools such as chat bots and web search to write a number of essays. Even after considerable discussion in class on hallucinations, many of the essays were full of misinformation that should have been fact-checked. Apparently, it is easier to believe ChatGPT than to be skeptical. Fact-checking and web search are too much trouble.
The Effect of Stress on Paleomagnetic Signals: A Micromagnetic Study of Magnetite's Single‐Vortex Response
Authors: North T. L. , Muxworthy A. R. , Williams W. , Mitchell T. M. , Collins G. S. , Davison T. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study we use micromagnetic modeling to show that the magnetizations of magnetically single‐vortex particles rotate toward the stress axis on the application of a differential compression stress. This is the exact opposite response to magnetically single‐domain particles, which previously provided the theoretical underpinning of the effect of stress on the magnetic signals of rocks. We show that the magnetization directions of single‐vortex and equant single‐domain particles are altered by much lower stresses than previously predicted, c.f., 100 versus 1,000 MPa; where a change in magnetization is defined as a rotation of >3° after the removal of stress. The magnetization intensity of assemblages also drops by ∼20%–30% on the application and removal of stress of ∼100 MPa. Given that single‐vortex particles are now thought to dominate the magnetization of most rocks, future studies should account for paleomagnetic directional uncertainties and potential underestimation of the ancient magnetic field intensity.
A Machine Learning Augmented Data Assimilation Method for High‐Resolution Observations
Authors: Howard Lucas J. , Subramanian Aneesh , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe accuracy of initial conditions is an important driver of the forecast skill of numerical weather prediction models. Increases in the quantity of available measurements, particularly high‐resolution remote sensing observational data products from satellites, are valuable inputs for improving those initial condition estimates. However, the traditional data assimilation methods for integrating observations into forecast models are computationally expensive. This makes incorporating dense observations into operational forecast systems challenging, and it is often prohibitively time‐consuming. Additionally, high‐resolution observations often have correlated observation errors which are difficult to estimate and create problems for assimilation systems. As a result, large quantities of data are discarded and not used for state initialization. Using the Lorenz‐96 system for testing, we demonstrate that a simple machine learning method can be trained to assimilate high‐resolution data. Using it to do so improves both initial conditions and forecast accuracy. Compared to using the Ensemble Kalman Filter with high‐resolution observations ignored, our augmented method has an average root‐mean‐squared error reduced by 37%. Ensemble forecasts using initial conditions generated by the augmented method are more accurate and reliable at up to 10 days of forecast lead time.
Prognostic impact of CEBPA mutational subgroups in adult AML
Authors: Georgi Julia-Annabell , Stasik Sebastian , Kramer Michael , Meggendorfer Manja , Röllig Christoph , Haferlach Torsten , Valk Peter , Linch David , Herold Tobias , Duployez Nicolas , Taube Franziska , Middeke Jan Moritz , Platzbecker Uwe , Serve Hubert , Baldus Claudia D. , Muller-Tidow Carsten , Haferlach Claudia , Koch Sarah , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Woermann Bernhard J. , Krug Utz , Braess Jan , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Spiekermann Karsten , Boertjes Emma L. , Hills Robert K. , Burnett Alan , Ehninger Gerhard , Metzeler Klaus , Rothenberg-Thurley Maja , Dufour Annika , Dombret Hervé , Pautas Cecile , Preudhomme Claude , Fenwarth Laurene , Bornhäuser Martin , Gale Rosemary , Thiede Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite recent refinements in the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of CEBPA mutations in AML, several questions remain open, i.e. implications of different types of basic region leucin zipper (bZIP) mutations, the role of co-mutations and the allelic state. Using pooled primary data analysis on 1010 CEBPA-mutant adult AML patients, a comparison was performed taking into account the type of mutation (bZIP: either typical in-frame insertion/deletion (InDel) mutations (bZIPInDel), frameshift InDel or nonsense mutations inducing translational stop (bZIPSTOP) or single base-pair missense alterations (bZIPms), and transcription activation domain (TAD) mutations) and the allelic state (single (smCEBPA) vs. double mutant (dmCEBPA)). Only bZIPInDel patients had significantly higher rates of complete remission and longer relapse free and overall survival (OS) compared with all other CEBPA-mutant subgroups. Moreover, co-mutations in bZIPInDel patients (e.g. GATA2, FLT3, WT1 as well as ELN2022 adverse risk aberrations) had no independent impact on OS, whereas in non-bZIPInDel patients, grouping according to ELN2022 recommendations added significant prognostic information. In conclusion, these results demonstrate bZIPInDel mutations to be the major independent determinant of outcome in CEBPA-mutant AML, thereby refining current classifications according to WHO (including all dmCEBPA and smCEBPA bZIP) as well as ELN2022 and ICC recommendations (including CEBPA bZIPms).
Tunnelling of electrons via the neighboring atom
Authors: Zhu Ming , Tong Jihong , Liu Xiwang , Yang Weifeng , Gong Xiaochun , Jiang Wenyu , Lu Peifen , Li Hui , Song Xiaohong , Wu Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs compared to the intuitive process that the electron emits straight to the continuum from its parent ion, there is an alternative route that the electron may transfer to and be trapped by a neighboring ionic core before the eventual release. Here, we demonstrate that electron tunnelling via the neighboring atomic core is a pronounced process in light-induced tunnelling ionization of molecules by absorbing multiple near-infrared photons. We devised a site-resolved tunnelling experiment using an Ar-Kr+ ion as a prototype system to track the electron tunnelling dynamics from the Ar atom towards the neighboring Kr+ by monitoring its transverse momentum distribution, which is temporally captured into the resonant excited states of the Ar-Kr+ before its eventual releasing. The influence of the Coulomb potential of neighboring ionic cores promises new insights into the understanding and controlling of tunnelling dynamics in complex molecules or environment.