bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF REDUCTION IN THE VOLUME OF LIQUOR AMNII
Authors: Barnes J. S. , Hamlett J. D. , Hibbard B. M. , Randle G. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLiquor volume studies were made on 96 women in late pregnancy. Assessment of the amount of liquor by clinical observation and amnioscopy were compared with measurements of volume made by using a radio‐isotope dilution technique. Technical difficulties prevented completion of the latter investigation in 13 cases. When the measured liquor volume was normal (≥500 ml.) a correct prediction was made in 39 of 53 (74 per cent) cases by abdominal palpation and in 41 of 53 (77 per cent) cases by amnioscopy.When the measured liquor volume was reduced (<500 ml.) a correct prediction was made by abdominal palpation in 8 of 30 (27 per cent) cases and by amnioscopy in 18 of 30 (60 per cent) cases.Abdominal palpation is an unreliable method of detecting a reduction in liquor volume. Although amnioscopy is more reliable it gives rise to false consclusions in up to per cent cases.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF BLIGHTED OVUM BY SONAR
Authors: Donald Ian , Morley Patricia , Barnett Ellis 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe outcome of 141 cases of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy has been correlated wit the findings obtained at the first and subsequent ultrasonic examinations. In 66 patients who aborted the ultrasonic appearances suggested a diagnosis of blighted ovum in 57. In 10 of the 75 patients in whom pregnancy continued the ultrasonic appearance was abnormal on at least one occasion.
FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS FOLLOWING EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA AND OXYTOCIN INFUSION DURING LABOUR
Authors: Schifrin BarryS. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBy direct continuous electronic monitoring 360 fetuses were observed for cardiac decelerations occurring late in the uterine contraction cycle during labour in four maternal treatment groups. Neither epidural anaesthesia nor oxytocin stimulation was used in 119 patients (Group A); oxytocin stimulation with other forms of anaesthesia was used in 41 patients (Group B); epidural anaesthesia without oxytocin in 135 patients (Group C); and the combination of epidural anaesthesia and oxytocin stimulation in 65 patients (Group D). The frequency of uteroplacental insufficiency (Hon, 1967), patterns in Group A was 16.8 per cent; Group B, 26.8 per cent; Group C, 24.4 per cent and Group D, 40 per cent.When a fall in maternal systolic blood pressure of greater than 20 mm. Hg occurred during epidural anaesthesia, 72 per cent of fetuses developed utero‐placental insufficiency patterns. When uterine hypertonus developed during oxytocin infusion 50 per cent of fetuses, including 5 of 7 fetuses subjected to tetanic contractions, developed late decelerations.Most fetuses who developed late decelerations had normal heart rate patterns before treatment. Control of oxytocin infusion and correction of hypotension by maternal hydration and avoidance of the supine position were usually accompanied by improvement in these ominous fetal heart rate patterns. There was no difference in neonatal outcome among the various treatment groups.
THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BENIGN STROMATOSIS OF THE OVARY
Authors: Hughesdon P. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA lesion consisting of isolated foci of endometrial stroma in the ovarian cortex is discribed. These become common from about the age of 40 years, although they are sometimes present earlier, and effect more than a third of all ovaries. Evidence is offered that these foci develop from the implantation of endometrial stromal cells shed during menstraution and probably at other times. When deprived of their blood supply these cells some to resemble a cluster of histiocytes or serosal cells, and they migrate in this from through the uterine tube to the ovarian surface. Here they become revascularized to resume their familiar form of a loose but cellular network, forming islands in the ovarian cortex. The component cells may then evolve into histiocytes, decidual cells or smooth muscel, but most lesions become hyaline with loss of cellularity and the formation of elastic tissue. Such lesions are very common and are found in most ovaries from patients over the age of 45 years. The term “benign stromatosis” is proposed for this lesion which probably forms the basis of ectopic decidual reactions and some forms of ovarian pathology.
FEMALE GENITAL INFECTION WITH TRIC AGENTS IN A TRACHOMATOUS POPULATION
Authors: Shaaban MamdouhM. , Shokeir AbdorrhmanA. , Wasfy IsmailA. , Al‐Hussaini M.Khalaf 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTRIC agents were isolated by egg culture from the genital tract of 10 women out of 41 studied. Four isolates were obtained from 24 women having evident cervical or vaginal lesions, 3 from 6 mothers of infants with ophthalmia neonatorum due to TRIC agents, and 3 from 11 women without evident gynaecological abnormality. There was one case of carcinoma of the cervix and TRIC agents were demonstrated in her cervical scraping by both egg culture and the finding of inclusion bodies.
PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS AS AN INDEX OF OVULATION AND CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION IN NORMAL AND GONADOTROPHIN‐STIMULATED MENSTRUAL CYCLES
Authors: Black W. P. , Martin B. T. , Whyte W. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe occurrence of ovulation cab be deduced and corpus luteum function assessed in spontaneous and gonadotrophin‐induced menstrual cycles by appropriately timed plasma progesterone estimations. A screening procedure is suggested for the selection of suspect menstrual cycles requiring more detailed study of the luteal phase.
BLOOD COAGULATION STUDIES DURING EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
Authors: Chadd M. A. , Gray O. P. , Hole D. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBlood coagulation before and after exchange transfusion in babies affected by haemolytic disease of the newborn has been studied. Coagulation defects may be present at the end of an exhange transfusion; they include severe thrombocytopenia and prolonged kaolin cephalin clotting times. The platelet count often remains low for several days. There is a rise in plasminogen levels during the exchange transfusion. Infants who have a severe consumption coagulopathy may be improved, however, by a exchange transfusion.
STERILIZATION BY POSTERIOR COLPOTOMY
Authors: John A. Howard , Dunster GeoffreyD. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe technique for sterilization by posterior colpotomy and the Pomeroy method is described. The operation was attempted in 128 cases and was successful in 123. The main cause of failure was gross obesity. The main advantage over abdominal sterilization is the relatively trivial postoperative pain and the short duration of hospital stay (3.3 days compared with 7.2 days for abdominal sterilization).
FREE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID AT TERM
Authors: Cockburn F. , Giles M. , Robins S. P. , Forfar J. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPatterns of free amino acid concentrations in maternal venous plasma, umbilical arterial plasma, fetal urine, amniotic fluid and neonatal urine from eight infants delivered at term by elective Caesarean section before the onset of labour were determined. Concentrations of amino acids were in general greater in fetal plasma than in maternal plasma, amniotic fluid, fetal urine and neonatal urine. There was little correlation between amniotic fluid amino acid composition and the composition of fetal urine, fetal plasma or maternal plasma. Urine excreted during the first 24 hours after birth had a higher osmolality and greater amino acid concentrations than fetal urine in the bladder at the time of delivery. When compared with the urine in the bladder of fetuses delivered at 15 to 20 weeks, fetal urine at term has a lower osmolality and a different amino acid composition which is partially explained by reduced fetal plasma amino acid concentrations in later pregnancy and by alterations in the endogenous renal clearance of some amino acids.
SERUM SEROMUCOID LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH PREVIOUS SEVERE PRE‐ECLAMPSIA OR ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Good W. , Jenkins D. M. , Collins M. C. , Cumberbatch K. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe levels of serum seromucoid were determined in 16 patients who had severe preeclampsia or eclampsia in their last pregnancy, 6 to 24 months previously. In about one‐third of these patients the serum seromucoid levels fell within the normal, non‐pregnant range, while in the remaining two‐thirds, the serum seromucoid level was above normal. The results suggest that pre‐eclampsia or eclampsia could be due to two disease states of different aetiology. Alternatively, the severity of the condition may be related to serum seromucoid level. The immunological implications of the findings are briefly discussed.
THE EFFECT OF INTRA‐AMNIOTIC OESTRIOL SULPHATE ON UTERINE CONTRACTILITY AT TERM
Authors: Klopper Arnold , Farr Valerie , Dennis K. John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA double blind trial of the effect of oestriol sulphate on myometrial contractility was performed on 20 post‐mature primigravidae. One half were given oestriol sulphate by intra‐amniotic injection and the others the solvent vehicle only. The effect of these injections on spontaneous uterine activity was observed for four hours. The membranes were then ruptured and recordings of uterine contractions were made for a further five hours in order to determine whether pre‐treatment with oestriol affected the response of the uterus to rupture of the membranes. The oestrogen‐treated group did not differ from the placebo group either in endogenous activity or in response to rupture of the membranes.
BRACHIAL PALSY
Authors: Tan K. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBrachial palsy is caused by traction injury to the brachial plexus during delivery. The present study demonstrates the very high incidence in breech deliveries if the Mauriceau‐Smellie‐Veit manoeuvre is used. This method should be abandoned in favour of forceps delivery for the aftercoming head.
A FRESH LOOK AT PREGNANCY HEARTBURN
Authors: Atlay R. D. , Gillison E. W. , Horton A. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRecent surveys on pregnancy heartburn in Sheffield and Liverpool, and Chicago, U.S.A., have shown the incidence to be similar in both countries, and that it occurred in about two‐thirds of all pregnancies analyzed. Negro women suffered from this symptom as much as Caucasian women, though it occurred later in the pregnancy in the former group. Using a radiological test, a significant association was found between the symptom of heartburn and incompetence of the pyloric sphincter.
THE RESULTS OF SCREENING BY CERVICAL CYTOLOGY AND OF HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF GYNAECOLOGICAL OPERATION SPECIMENS
Authors: Lederer H. , Lambourne A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryResults of cervical cytology during a five‐year period 1966 to 1970 in a District Hospital serving a population of about 250,000 (84,000 of which are women over 25 years of age) are reviewed and analyzed. In all, 44,201 cervical smears were examined. The incidence of Grade IV and Grade III smears was 0.55 and 0.48 per cent respectively, and a false negative error rate of 12 per cent and much higher false positive rates were obtained. In addition, a report is made on the results of histological examination of 3,486 operation specimens. A high rate of residual malignancy was found in patients who had a cone biopsy of the cervix for invasive or in situ carcinoma.
EFFECT OF DYDROGESTERONE (DUPHASTON) ON HAEMOSTASIS AND LIVER FUNCTION
Authors: Vermylen J. , Verstraete M. , Brosens I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMeasurements of blood coagulability and liver function parameters were made on alternate weeks in 14 young unmarried female volunteers for two months before and for three months during fortnightly intramuscular injections of 100 mg. of dydrogesterone (Duphaston Depot). No difference, significant at the 5 per cent level, was found for the following: fibrinogen, the prothrombin‐proconvertin complex, factor VII, factor X, partial thromboplastin time with or without previous kaolin activation, euglobulin lytic activity, antiplasmin, platelet count, collagen induced platelet aggregation or platelet adhesiveness to a glass bead column. A small but statistically significant reduction of factor VIII and plasminogen was noted in association with dydrogesterone administration. No significant difference of serum glutamic pyruvic or serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminases levels or of thymol and zinc sulphate turbidity tests was observed between the samples taken before and during dydrogesterone administration. A slight but statistically significant reduction of alkaline phosphatase and of total bilirubin was, however, noted.
INFLUENCE OF THE PROGESTOGENIC COMPONENT OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM
Authors: Rose D. P. , Adams P. W. , Strong R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPatients taking 0.05 mg. of ethinyl oestradiol and 2.5 mg. of lynestrenol (Minilyn) showed, at most, only a mild rise in xanthurenic acid excretion in urine, while very marked rises in xanthurenic acid secretion were found in patients taking 0.05 mg. of ethinyl oestradiol with 1 mg. of norethisterone (Minovlar), or 3 mg. of norethisterone (Gynovlar) or 1 mg. of ethynodiol diacetate (Ovulen 50). Patients taking 0.05 mg. of mestranol with 1 mg. of norethisterone (Norinyl 1) showed a smaller rise in the urinary excretion of kynurenine or 3‐hydroxykynurenine than did those taking Minovlar.
SENSITIVITY OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS TO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
Authors: Paredes F. R. , Hawkins D. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe trichomonacidal activities in vitro of six drugs were compared using strains of Trichomonas vaginalis freshly isolated from patients. Metronidazole, nitrimidazine and nifuratel were all active in concentrations of the order of 1 μg./ml. Amphotericin B, a mixture of polyethylene glycols, and natamycin was much less active. Three out of ten strains of Trichomonas vaginalis were resistant to 1 mg./ml. of natamycin. Since nitrimidazine and nifuratel are less therapeutically effective than metronidazole, it is possible that some substance in vaginal tissues or secretion tends to protect the organisms against these drugs.
A RECONSIDERATION OF THE SECRETORY FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM
Authors: Datnow A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryData concerning endometrial secretory activity are reviewed in relation to synthesis, storage and release during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. It is concluded, contrary to current thinking, that both production and release of secretions are greatly reduced as progesteronal activity is established and that the major changes observed in the post‐ovulatory endometrium result from retention of small quantities of secretion. Consideration is given to the implications of this new concept.
STUDIES OF NOCTURIA IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Parboosingh J. , Doig A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryObservations were made on mean urine flow and the urinary excretion of total solute, sodium, potassium, urea and glucose in a 24 hour study and in an overnight study, each involving 100 pregnant and 100 non‐pregnant women. The findings reveal that the major cause of nocturnal frequency of micturition in the first and second trimesters is an increase in overnight urine flow, the increment being large in comparison with the change in 24 hour output. Overnight sodium excretion was also raised and was mainly responsible for the increase in urine flow. There was a reduction in the overnight excretion of urea relative to total solute excretion in the first and second trimesters and an absolute reduction in both overnight and 24 hour urea excretion in the third trimester; the significance of this observation is discussed. In a survey of 873 pregnant patients, the incidence of nocturia in the first, second and third trimesters was respectively 58, 57 and 66 per cent. Although the increment in mean overnight urine flow was smallest in the third trimester, measurements of urine voiding volumes suggest that in late pregnancy a decrease in functional bladder capacity is an additional cause of nocturia.
DISTRIBUTION OF PARENTERAL AMPICILLIN AND CEPHALOSPORINS IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Stewart K. S. , Shafi M. , Andrews J. , Williams J. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWhen ampicillin is given by intramuscular injections at six‐hourly intervals to pregnant women, it reaches levels in the fetus which are almost one‐third of the maternal levels. The delay in reaching the liquor amnii is less than after oral administration of antibiotic and after four to six hours reaches 4 μg. per ml. There is no evidence of accumulation with repeated dosage. Cephaloridine behaves in a similar manner to ampicillin and there is no evidence of accumulation in the fetus. Cephalothin produced short‐lived high levels in the maternal serum but in the liquor amnii levels of 4 μg. per ml. were reached very rapidly and sustained. Only small quantities of cephalothin were found in the fetus and it is considered that this was related to the route of administration. The findings suggest that when ampicillin, cephaloridine or cephalothin are used to treat severe intrauterine infections during labour, both the intravenous and intramuscular routes of administration should be used as the former quickly give high levels of antibiotic in liquor amnii, while the latter give sustained levels in the fetus.
A COMPARISON OF ORAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 AND INTRAVENOUS SYNTOCINON IN THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Kelly John , Flynn Anna M. , Bertrand Philip V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) was administered by mouth to induce labour in 49 patients. A similar number of matched controls were induced by Syntocinon intravenously. PGE2 was successful in 47 patients and Syntocinon in 46. There was no significant difference between the two groups for the induction to delivery interval, for the Apgar scores of the babies at one and five minutes, or for the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage. The resting uterine tone, frequency of uterine contractions and incidence of inco‐ordinate uterine activity were, however, all significantly greater in the Syntocinon group. Vomiting and diarrhoea appeared to be more common in the patients induced with PGE2 but no statistical comparison was possible because these side effects were only specifically recorded in the patients in the PGE2 series. The greater incidences of pyrexia and acetonuria in the Syntocinon group were not statistically significant.
THE ACTION OF SHEEP PROLACTIN ON HUMAN FALLOPIAN TUBES IN VITRO
Authors: Mugambi M. , Mati J. K. G. , Manku M. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySheep prolactin at a concentration of 10 μg./ml. significantly reduces spontaneous activity of human Fallopian tubes in vitro. This effect may be of importance in the migration of the ovum through the Fallopian tube.
FETAL HEART MONITORING DURING INTRAUTERINE TRANSFUSION
Authors: Brown Robert , Robertson Euan G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryExperience with fetal heart monitoring during intrauterine transfusion has led to the introduction of modifications in the technique of transfusion. A fall in the fetal heart rate during transfusion was an ominous sign and if this was not correctible by the methods outlined fetal death occurred. Whilst the severity of the disease process is a major feature contributing to the fetal outcome, careful control and supervision of the intrauterine transfusion seemed to improve the prognosis. The stillbirth rate in this series was 35 per cent and the neonatal death rate was 8.1 per cent.
THE MANAGEMENT OF ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE
Authors: Lunan C. Burnett 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe management of abruptio placentae at the Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital over the five years 1966 to 1970 has been reviewed. There were 379 cases in 29,456 deliveries representing an incidence of 1.3 per cent or 1 in 78 deliveries. The overall perinatal mortality was 38 per cent and there was one maternal death. The perinatal loss related to prematurity and clot size was examined as well as the loss of fetuses which were alive on admission to hospital. Nineteen babies were probably saved by Caesarean section but 13 babies, weighing over 2000 g. and with clinical evidence of fetal distress died in uteroand might have been saved by abdominal delivery. A 4.4 per cent incidence of fetal abnormality was noted. The role of fetal monitoring and Caesarean section are briefly discussed.
EVIDENCE THAT FETAL LUNG FLUID AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS PASS INTO AMNIOTIC FLUID IN LATE HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Biggs J. S. G. , Gaffney T. J. , McGeary Heather M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEstimates of fetal maturity by measurement of amniotic fluid phospholipids are based on the belief that there is passage of fetal respiratory tract fluid into the amniotic cavity, but there is little evidence of such a transfer. Analysis of serial samples of newly‐formed amniotic fluid has given new grounds for believing that the fetal lung contributes fluid and surface‐active lecithin to amniotic fluid in late human pregnancy. Sphingomyelin appears to have a different origin.
TUBAL STERILITY: PATENCY TESTS AND RESULTS OF OPERATION
Authors: Boyd Iain E. , Holt Edmund M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPart I: Patency testsThe records were reviewed of 294 patients who had a laparoscopy or laparotomy following a hysterosalpingogram which showed tubal obstruction or peritubal adhesions. A single hysterosalpingogram seemed unreliable particularly in the diagnosis of intratubal block. Laparoscopy was a useful supplement to hysterosalpingogram and often demonstrated patency in tubes which radiologically had shown “fill but no spill”. Sometimes the site of tubal obstruction varied with the patency test employed.Part II: Results of operationIn 197 patients there were 32 pregnancies, of which 10 were extrauterine. Success was related to the extent of tubal damage more than to operative technique or postoperative management.
METAPLASIA IN ENDOCERVICAL TISSUE MAINTAINED IN ORGAN CULTURE–AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
Authors: Fink C. G. , Thomas G. H. , Allen J. M. , Jordan J. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEndocervical columnar epithelium with stroma intact, was maintained in organ culture for up to ten days. Many explants showed a progressive dedifferentiation, pyknosis and eventual loss of columnar cells with a gradual replacement of these with metaplastic cells apparently of stromal origin. This was a progression of changes similar to squamous metaplasia seen in vivo. Studies of the surface characteristics of the cultured tissue, with the scanning electron microscope, showed a change of cell type from columnar cells with closely packed micro‐villi, to a flattened squamous type with interdigitating cell boundaries and a mixed surface structure of micro‐ridges and micro‐villi.The significance of these results and the use of this organ culture system as a model in the study of the actiology of cervical malignancy is discussed.
A COMPARISON OF VACUUM ASPIRATION OF THE UTERUS AND CONVENTIONAL CURETTAGE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Authors: Mathews D. D. , Kakani A. , Bhattacharya A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOutpatient vacuum aspiration of the uterus without anaesthesia was compared with conventional curettage in the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. Vacuum aspiration was more effective in producing material for histological examination but was less often practicable than conventional curettage, and was less effective in the investigation of postmenopausal and prolonged bleeding. The apparent therapeutic effectiveness of the two procedures in non‐malignant cases is about equal. The factors limiting the scope of each procedure are discussed.