bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ursodiol on alginate/PLL nanoparticles with non-ionic surfactant for gene delivery
Authors: Foster Thomas , Lim Patrick , Kovacevic Bozica , Wagle Susbin Raj , Ionescu Corina Mihaela , Mooranian Armin , Al-Salami Hani 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHearing loss is a widespread condition, affecting people from a range of demographics. Gene therapy is an emerging method for the amelioration of this condition. Challenges associated with the delivery of genes to various sites within the ear remain a significant challenge. In the present work, a novel polymer nanoparticle delivery system was developed, incorporating a bile acid excipient. Bile acids have previously been shown to improve drug delivery through their permeation enhancing properties; however, few studies report their use in gene delivery systems. Nanoparticles were developed with sodium alginate and poly-L-lysine through an ionotropic gelation method. Various surfactants including Tween-80 and poly-ethylene glycol 6000 were incorporated to both improve the solubility of the bile acid, ursodiol, and to modify nanoparticle properties. The evaluation of the nanoparticle’s safety profiles was the primary outcome of this study. The secondary aims were to perform genetic studies, such as transfection efficiency. The nanoparticles generated in this study demonstrated formulation-dependent variability in particle size ranging from 30 to 300 nm. Several of the developed formulations demonstrated suitable safety profiles; further, the introduction of bile acid helped to reduce toxicity. Transfection efficiency for all formulations remained low, potentially due to poor plasmid release inside the cell. Poor transfection efficiency is one of the key pitfalls associated with polymer nanoparticles Overall the present study developed nanoparticles with suitable safety profiles but limited efficacy. The use of modified polymers, additional excipients, and cell-targeting peptides are potential methods that may be explored in future studies to help further improve gene delivery.
Do exploration and exploitation in university research drive early-stage equity financing of university spin-offs?
Authors: Hahn Davide , Minola Tommaso , Vismara Silvio , Agyare Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn emerging theme in the entrepreneurial university (EU) literature is how universities should evolve to best reconcile their different missions, particularly research and commercialization, which often require different sets of resources. This tension is evident in the development of university spin-offs (USOs). In particular, the EU literature has generally overlooked how characteristics of university research affect USO’s early-stage access to external equity. In this study, we embrace the characterization of university research offered by literature in terms of patterns, specifically, exploration and exploitation. Through the lens of the imprinting perspective, we study the effect of exploration and exploitation in university research on the early-stage equity financing of USOs on a unique dataset that covers a sample of 739 USOs from 39 Italian public universities founded from 2011 to 2019. Our results indicate that exploration (exploitation) in research has an overall positive (negative) impact on the likelihood of USOs obtaining early-stage external equity financing. Additionally, this exploratory study offers several conceptual and practical contributions to the EU literature.
Mancha3D Code: Multipurpose Advanced Nonideal MHD Code for High-Resolution Simulations in Astrophysics
Authors: Modestov M. , Khomenko E. , Vitas N. , de Vicente A. , Navarro A. , González-Morales P. A. , Collados M. , Felipe T. , Martínez-Gómez D. , Hunana P. , Luna M. , Koll Pistarini M. , Popescu Braileanu B. , Perdomo García A. , Liakh V. , Santamaria I. , Gomez Miguez M. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Mancha3D code is a versatile tool for numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes in solar/stellar atmospheres. The code includes nonideal physics derived from plasma partial ionization, a realistic equation of state and radiative transfer, which allows performing high-quality realistic simulations of magnetoconvection, as well as idealized simulations of particular processes, such as wave propagation, instabilities or energetic events. The paper summarizes the equations and methods used in the Mancha3D (Multifluid (-purpose -physics -dimensional) Advanced Non-ideal MHD Code for High resolution simulations in Astrophysics 3D) code. It also describes its numerical stability and parallel performance and efficiency. The code is based on a finite difference discretization and a memory-saving Runge–Kutta (RK) scheme. It handles nonideal effects through super-time-stepping and Hall diffusion schemes, and takes into account thermal conduction by solving an additional hyperbolic equation for the heat flux. The code is easily configurable to perform different kinds of simulations. Several examples of the code usage are given. It is demonstrated that splitting variables into equilibrium and perturbation parts is essential for simulations of wave propagation in a static background. A perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition built into the code greatly facilitates a nonreflective open boundary implementation. Spatial filtering is an important numerical remedy to eliminate grid-size perturbations enhancing the code stability. Parallel performance analysis reveals that the code is strongly memory bound, which is a natural consequence of the numerical techniques used, such as split variables and PML boundary conditions. Both strong and weak scalings show adequate performance up to several thousands of processors (CPUs).
Tidal Dissipation in Giant Planets
Authors: Fuller Jim , Guillot Tristan , Mathis Stephane , Murray Carl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTidal interactions between moons and planets can have major effects on the orbits, spins, and thermal evolution of the moons. In the Saturn system, tidal dissipation in the planet transfers angular momentum from Saturn to the moons, causing them to migrate outwards. The rate of migration is determined by the mechanism of dissipation within the planet, which is closely tied to the planet’s uncertain structure. We review current knowledge of giant planet internal structure and evolution, which has improved thanks to data from the Juno and Cassini missions. We discuss general principles of tidal dissipation, describing both equilibrium and dynamical tides, and how dissipation can occur in a solid core or a fluid envelope. Finally, we discuss the possibility of resonance locking, whereby a moon can lock into resonance with a planetary oscillation mode, producing enhanced tidal migration relative to classical theories, and possibly explaining recent measurements of moon migration rates.
Optimizing convolutional neural networks for IoT devices: performance and energy efficiency of quantization techniques
Authors: Hernández Nicolás , Almeida Francisco , Blanco Vicente 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis document addresses some inherent problems in Machine Learning (ML), such as the high computational and energy costs associated with their implementation on IoT devices. It aims to study and analyze the performance and efficiency of quantization as an optimization method, as well as the possibility of training ML models directly on an IoT device. Quantization involves reducing the precision of model weights and activations while still maintaining acceptable levels of accuracy. Using representative networks for facial recognition developed with TensorFlow and TensorRT, Post-Training Quantization and Quantization-Aware Training are employed to reduce computational load and improve energy efficiency. The computational experience was conducted on a general-purpose computer featuring an Intel i7-1260P processor and an NVIDIA RTX 3080 graphics card used as an accelerator. Additionally, a NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin was used as an example of an IoT device. We analyze the feasibility of training on an IoT device, the impact of quantization optimization on knowledge transfer-trained models and evaluate the differences between Post-Training Quantization and Quantization-Aware Training in such networks on different devices. Furthermore, the performance and efficiency of NVIDIA’s inference accelerator (Deep Learning Accelerator - DLA, in its 2.0 version) available at the Jetson Orin architecture are studied. We concluded that the Jetson device is capable of performing training on its own. The IoT device can achieve inference performance similar to that of the more powerful processor, thanks to the optimization process, with better energy efficiency. Post-Training Quantization has shown better performance, while Quantization-Aware Training has demonstrated higher energy efficiency. However, since the accelerator cannot execute certain layers of the models, the use of DLA worsens both the performance and efficiency results.
Semi-analytical Model to Predict Dynamic Capillary Pressure–Saturation Relationship for Flows in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Rabbani Harris Sajjad , Pavuluri Saideep 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe capillary pressure defines pressure difference between non-wetting and wetting fluids. The capillary pressure is part of the flow governing equations, and its definition can have a profound impact on the nature of fluids displacement in a multiphase flow environment. Conventionally, capillary pressure–saturation relationships are determined under equilibrium conditions which signify that all the fluid–fluid interfaces that exist at the pore scale maintain a static configuration at a certain instant in time. However, there exist experimental and numerical evidences that state that the dynamic nature of fluid flows indeed plays a prominent role in defining the trends of the capillary pressure–saturation relationships. In this paper, we develop a first of a kind semi-analytical model to predict the capillary pressure–saturation curves during drainage displacement by integrating the dynamics of fluid flow based on fundamental laws of fluid mechanics. The proposed semi-analytical model can potentially be incorporated into existing multiphase flow simulators to rapidly compute the capillary pressure at various saturations of the flow medium under dynamic flow conditions. The presented semi-analytical model has been validated against experimental and numerical data sets available in the literature at various flow conditions and considering different sets of fluid properties. We noticed a satisfactory match of the results predicted by the proposed semi-analytical model against the literature data. After performing a holistic sensitivity analysis, we notice that the properties of the porous medium, and the fluid–solid interactions play a significant role in defining the trends of the capillary pressure–saturation curves.
A Systematic Review of Crop Planning Optimisation Under Climate Change
Authors: Randall Marcus , Schiller Karin , Lewis Andrew , Montgomery James , Alam Muhammad Shahinur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOptimising the use of natural resources for food production in the context of changing climate is an increasingly important issue. Optimisation techniques have been shown to be remarkably effective for planning problems, and tools regional planners and farmers can use to determine the viability of agricultural land use planning into the future. This paper systematically reviews the recent literature in this area and draws out the key emerging themes: few studies to date have explicitly incorporated climate projections into optimisation models; increased tension for water resources between stakeholders; and various agricultural production systems of complex versions of crop planning. From this review it can be seen that increasing concentration on the use of climate projection models within agriculturally-oriented optimisation processes is a necessity.
Shifts in property crime patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Balmori-de-la-Miyar Jose , Sobrino Fernanda , Silverio-Murillo Adan , Prudencio Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To estimate the dynamic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on property crime in Mexico. We do so for a longer time horizon than the existing literature and for two types of property crime: on-line and on-site.

Methods
A retrospective ecological analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic using an event study methodology. This paper uses administrative data from Mexico’s National Public Security System from January 2017 to December 2022. Our data is structured as a monthly series covering all 2457 Mexican municipalities.

Results
We find heterogeneity in the pandemic’s impact by type of property crime and a dynamic, permanent effect for both types of property crime. Namely, our results point to a drop and quick recovery of fraud—property crime mostly committed on-line—, which in the medium run surpasses pre-pandemic levels by 44%. Further, our results point to a significant drop in robbery, theft, domestic burglary, and motor vehicle theft—all property crimes committed on-site—, with a slight recovery after the end of the national lockdown, even though rates for these crimes never reached pre-pandemic levels.

Conclusions
The 2020 pandemic caused a permanent shift in property crime from on-site to on-line spaces. Potential mechanisms point to disruptions in mobility in retail and recreational areas, residential zones, and workplaces as important mediating factors.
Personal care products: an emerging threat to the marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum
Authors: Pintado-Herrera Marina G. , Aguirre-Martínez Gabriela V. , Martin-Díaz Laura M. , Blasco Julián , Lara-Martín Pablo A. , Sendra Marta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in understanding the behavior of personal care products (PCPs) in the aquatic environment. In this regard, the aim of this study is to estimate the accumulation and effects of four PCPs within the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The PCPs selected were triclosan, OTNE, benzophenone-3, and octocrylene. A progressive uptake was observed and maximum concentrations in tissues were reached at the end of the exposure phase, up to levels of 0.68 µg g−1, 24 µg g−1, 0.81 µg g−1, and 1.52 µg g−1 for OTNE, BP-3, OC, and TCS, respectively. After the PCP post-exposure period, the removal percentages were higher than 65%. The estimated logarithm bioconcentration factor ranged from 3.34 to 2.93, in concordance with the lipophobicity of each substance. No lethal effects were found although significant changes were observed for ethoxyresorufin O-demethylase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage.
Disparities in Care for Low-Income Patients with Cirrhosis: Implementing an Innovative Outpatient Clinic for Refractory Ascites in a Safety Net Hospital
Authors: Dowlatshahi Shadi , Koh Jennifer , Vyas Annasha , Mack Wendy J. , Turner Barbara J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Disparities in life-saving interventions for low-income patients with cirrhosis necessitate innovative models of care.

Aim
To implement a novel generalist-led FLuid ASPiration (FLASP) clinic to reduce emergency department (ED) care for refractory ascites.

Setting
A large safety net hospital in Los Angeles.

Participants
MediCal patients with paracentesis in the ED from 6/1/2020 to 1/31/2021 or in FLASP clinic or the ED from 3/1/2021 to 4/30/2022.

Program Description
According to RE-AIM, adoption obtained administrative endorsement and oriented ED staff. Reach engaged ED staff and eligible patients with timely access to FLASP. Implementation trained FLASP clinicians in safer, guideline-based paracentesis, facilitated timely access, and offered patient education and support.

Program Evaluation
After FLASP clinic opened, significantly fewer ED visits were made by patients discharged after paracentesis [rate ratio (RR) of 0.33 (95% CI 0.28, 0.40, p < 0.0001)] but not if subsequently hospitalized (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.70, 1.11). Among 2685 paracenteses in 225 FLASP patients, complications were infrequent: 39 (1.5%) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 265 (9.9%) acute kidney injury, and 2 (< 0.001%) hypotension. FLASP patients rated satisfaction highly on a Likert-type question.

Discussion
Patients with refractory ascites in large safety net hospitals may benefit from an outpatient procedure clinic instead of ED care.
Zum Verständnis von Ausbilder*innen und Lehrer*innen von qualitativ hochwertiger dualer Berufsausbildung
Authors: Steib Christian 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungMit dem Wandel des Ausbildungsmarktes vom Anbieter- zum Nachfragermarkt sind die ausbildenden Unternehmen zur Sicherung ihres eigenen Fachkräftebedarfs darauf angewiesen, ausbildungsinteressierte junge Menschen von einer dualen Berufsausbildung in ihrem Unternehmen zu überzeugen, diese bestmöglich zu qualifizieren und nach Abschluss der Berufsausbildung im eigenen Unternehmen zu halten. Damit stellt sich für diese Unternehmen, aber auch für ihre (potenziellen) Auszubildenden die Frage, was eine qualitativ hochwertige duale Berufsausbildung ausmacht. Erschwert wird diese Frage jedoch durch den Umstand, dass sich in der beruflichen Bildung bislang kein mehrheitlich geteiltes Qualitäts-Verständnis etablieren konnte.Um dazu beizutragen, dieses Forschungsdefizit zu schließen, wurde eine Pilotstudie durchgeführt, in der sechs leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit drei Ausbilder*innen des Ausbildungsortes Betrieb und drei Lehrer*innen des Ausbildungsortes Berufsschule zu deren Vorstellungen von qualitativ hochwertiger dualer Berufsausausbildung geführt und diese mittels der inhaltlich strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz (2018) ausgewertet wurden.
Status and prospects of yam somatic embryogenesis: a pathway for biotechnology applications
Authors: Ossai Chukwunalu O. , Balogun Morufat O. , Maroya Norbert G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractYam is an important staple in sub-Saharan Africa, but the availability of quality seed yam is majorly constrained by the low propagation ratio. This is because the propagating explant is limited to the tuber and nodal parts as yam rarely flowers. There are several reports of the use of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in the rapid propagation of different crop species and as a regenerative pathway in plant genetic engineering. However, SE deployment in yam is still at the protocol development stage. This review thus exploits the status of SE application in improving the yam propagation rate. This article reviews the potential of the various yam propagation techniques in rapidly multiplying disease-free yam with their propagating explants. The advantages SE offers are rapidly propagating yam, the factors to consider in the protocol optimization of SE application in rapidly multiplying different yam varieties, and as a platform for full utilization of genetic engineering in yam. The findings so far show that SE potentially offers a faster rate of propagating yam varieties. However, due to the differences in varietal endogenous hormonal and gene products, response to SE in yam is constrained by varietal specificity. Hence, the applicability of SE in yam is still at the protocol development state. This review, thus, presents the need for more research efforts to elucidate the molecular and phytochemical controlling mechanisms of SE in yam to improve the yam multiplication rate and lay an efficient platform for the exploitation of other biotechnological advancements in improving yam species.
Integrated Molecular and Histological Insights for Targeted Therapies in Mesenchymal Sinonasal Tract Tumors
Authors: Hoch Cosima C. , Knoedler Leonard , Knoedler Samuel , Bashiri Dezfouli Ali , Schmidl Benedikt , Trill Anskar , Douglas Jennifer E. , Adappa Nithin D. , Stögbauer Fabian , Wollenberg Barbara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of mesenchymal sinonasal tract tumors (STTs), a distinct subset of STTs. Despite their rarity, mesenchymal STTs represent a unique clinical challenge, characterized by their rarity, often slow progression, and frequently subtle or overlooked symptoms. The complex anatomy of the sinonasal area, which includes critical structures such as the orbit, brain, and cranial nerves, further complicates surgical treatment options. This underscores an urgent need for more advanced and specialized therapeutic approaches.

Recent Findings
Advancements in molecular diagnostics, particularly in next-generation sequencing, have significantly enhanced our understanding of STTs. Consequently, the World Health Organization has updated its tumor classification to better reflect the distinct histological and molecular profiles of these tumors, as well as to categorize mesenchymal STTs with greater accuracy. The growing understanding of the molecular characteristics of mesenchymal STTs opens new possibilities for targeted therapeutic interventions, marking a significant shift in treatment paradigms.

Summary
This review article concentrates on mesenchymal STTs, specifically addressing sinonasal tract angiofibroma, sinonasal glomangiopericytoma, biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma, and skull base chordoma. These entities are marked by unique histopathological and molecular features, which challenge conventional treatment approaches and simultaneously open avenues for novel targeted therapies. Our discussion is geared towards delineating the molecular underpinnings of mesenchymal STTs, with the objective of enhancing therapeutic strategies and addressing the existing shortcomings in the management of these intricate tumors.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory cardiac arrest: an overview of current practice and evidence
Authors: Ali Samir , Meuwese Christiaan L. , Moors Xavier J. R. , Donker Dirk W. , van de Koolwijk Anina F. , van de Poll Marcel C. G. , Gommers Diederik , Dos Reis Miranda Dinis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCardiac arrest (CA) is a common and potentially avoidable cause of death, while constituting a substantial public health burden. Although survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have improved in recent decades, the prognosis for refractory OHCA remains poor. The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is increasingly being considered to support rescue measures when conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) fails. ECPR enables immediate haemodynamic and respiratory stabilisation of patients with CA who are refractory to conventional CPR and thereby reduces the low-flow time, promoting favourable neurological outcomes. In the case of refractory OHCA, multiple studies have shown beneficial effects in specific patient categories. However, ECPR might be more effective if it is implemented in the pre-hospital setting to reduce the low-flow time, thereby limiting permanent brain damage. The ongoing ON-SCENE trial might provide a definitive answer regarding the effectiveness of ECPR. The aim of this narrative review is to present the most recent literature available on ECPR and its current developments.