bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations of xenon beam ions emitted from electric thrusters in Earth’s magnetosphere
Authors: Sampson Kevin D. , Crofton Mark W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study sought to characterize the behavior of exhausted electric thruster xenon ions in the near-Earth magnetospheric environment as functions of various trajectory and particle attributes, neglecting effects of electric fields, plasma waves and particle collisions. This was done via simulation using the AeroTracer program, a software tool which computes ion trajectories within the magnetosphere by applying an adaptive step-size Runge-Kutta technique to the fully relativistic Lorentz equation. Over 3,800 independent simulations were performed, with variables including release position, release energy and direction, ion charge, and orbital phase. Initial release altitude was a major driver in determining whether the ion eventually fell to Earth (“Below Minimum Altitude” or BMA), remained trapped by the simulation’s end (“Maximum Number of Steps” or MNS), or traveled beyond the magnetosphere (“Lost to Space” or LTS). Ions expelled at the highest altitudes investigated - 60,000 km and above - almost invariably were lost to space. Like altitude, increasing inclination and energy were important factors that reduced trapping, affecting the outcome probabilities. Higher charge state produced strong improvement of trapping capability. Effects of orbital phase, day of year and solar cycle phase were also apparent. A transition region was found in the 20,000 km to 60,000 km altitude range, within which the sensitivity of outcomes to parameter variation increased. The ordered sequence MNS> BMA> LTS was found to be consistent with decreasing confinement capability, and it was manifested consistently as parameters were varied.
Machined surface formation and integrity control technology of SiCp/Al composites: a review
Authors: Zhao Biao , Peng Jianhao , Ding Wenfeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites (SiCp/Al MMCs) have been widely used in aerospace and other fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, and their machined surface integrity is crucial for the use of new generation high-tech equipment. In order to enhance the understanding and regulation of machined surface integrity in Al matrix composites, this article provides a comprehensive review of the research advancements regarding influential factors, damage characteristics, creation techniques for machined surfaces, as well as technologies for controlling machined surface integrity both domestically and internationally. The present study discusses the key issues and solutions in the processing of aluminum matrix composite materials, along with examining the extent and mechanism of various energy field assistance influence on the surface integrity of mechanically processed aluminum matrix composites. Ultimately, this article proposes future research prospects for achieving high surface integrity machining of aluminum matrix composites.
Sex Differences of Hospital and Emergency Department Presentations of Stroke in Canada
Authors: Wan Miranda , Lindsay Patrice , Yu Amy Y. X. , Hill Michael D. , Holodinsky Jessalyn K. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:We provide an updated estimate of adult stroke event rates by age group, sex, and stroke type using Canadian administrative data. In the 2017–2018 fiscal year, there were an estimated 81,781 hospital or emergency department visits for stroke events in Canada, excluding Quebec. Our findings show that overall, the event rate of stroke is similar between women and men. There were slight differences in stroke event rate at various ages by sex and stroke type and emerging patterns warrant attention in future studies. Our findings emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance to monitor the epidemiology of stroke in Canada.
The chronos of class conflict. The relevance of the temporal dimension in conflicts related to labour migration
Authors: Carstensen Anne Lisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent migration research temporality has become a prominent figure. Focussing on temporality allows to shed light on some aspects of labour mobility that enlighten our understanding of work-related conflicts. Especially with view to labour market inclusion, migrants often experience the (assumed) temporal limitation and unpredictability of migration projects, work and residence permits, as well as employment relationships. Correspondingly, labour policies, sector-specific company structures and management techniques also have a temporal dimension (time limits, seasonality, outsourcing schemes), which have effects on conflicts in and around work. Furthermore, one has to situate labour and labour migration within its context of social reproduction in order to better understand, how paid wage labour is embedded in social activities and networks such as households, families and communities, and shaped by the social, developmental and migratory policies that condition workers’ labour market inclusion. This conceptual paper argues that for migrants in particular, the (assumed) temporal limitation and unpredictability of migration projects, work/residence permits, and employment relationships is of great importance when it comes to analysing conflict-ridden negotiations over labour relations and working conditions.
Judicial Inconsistency and Citizen Anti-Corruption Demobilization: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Barbabela Letícia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of judicial inconsistency in high-profile corruption cases on citizens' willingness to combat corruption. Based on evidence from an unexpected event during a survey in Brazil, the study demonstrates that contradictory decisions by different judges within a single day erode trust in courts and citizens' inclination to report corruption. Notably, perceptions of corruption and trust in other institutions remain unaffected. The findings support the argument that citizens can be discouraged from engaging in anti-corruption efforts not only by exposure to information about corruption but also by forming negative evaluations of anti-corruption performance. Building on previous research and the perspective of corruption as a collective-action problem, the article proposes that judicial inconsistency is perceived as a sign of insincere commitment to fighting corruption. These findings contribute to understanding the public opinion consequences of anti-corruption initiatives and the politicization of courts.
‘Super Bowl of the world conference circuit’? A network approach to high-level science and policy conferencing
Authors: Widmalm Sven 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElite conferences, such as the Nobel Symposia organized by the Nobel Foundation since 1965, have often put a premium on the uninhibited exchange of ideas rather than the broad exchange of information. Nobel Symposium 14, The Place of Value in a World of Fact (1969), combined this ethos with the ambition to engage with ‘world problems’ that were thought by many at the time to constitute a global crisis. This paper examines the relationship between the Nobel Foundation's ideal of scientific neutrality/objectivity and the ‘neutral activism’ in Swedish 1960s foreign policy. Furthermore, it investigates the social networking that preceded and followed the symposium, arguing that these processes were more important for the symposium's impact than the actual meeting. They formed channels through which it was able to influence other larger meetings, like the 1972 UN conference on the human environment, and contributed to the creation of international organizations, most importantly the International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study. This suggests that the common historiographic focus on science meetings as events should be complemented by analytical perspectives that also view them as processes.
Toeing the Party Line: The Asymmetric Influence of Feminism on Partisans' Participation
Authors: Oceno Marzia , Morell Sara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhat is the relationship between feminism and political participation? How does partisanship moderate this relationship? Prior research shows that gender attitudes, particularly sexism, rather than gender identity per se, increasingly shape vote choice and participation in US elections. However, the role played by feminism in voter behaviour remains scarcely understood. As feminist identification crosses partisanship, we argue that its impact on engagement with campaigns and turnout depends on party ID. Therefore, we expect feminist identity and how it intersects with either aligned or conflicting partisan identity to impact partisans' participation asymmetrically. Using data from the 2016 and 2020 American National Election Studies, our results support these expectations. Holding the mutually reinforcing identities of Democrat and feminist has a significant mobilizing impact, while holding the cross-cutting identities of Republican and feminist tends to lead to a decline in political participation.
A Reply to Clark Wolf, Elizabeth Edenberg, and Helga Varden
Authors: Bhandary Asha Leena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, I respond to symposium articles by Clark Wolf, Elizabeth Edenberg, and Helga Varden. With shared sympathies for anti-oppression liberalism and social contract theory, they urge me to develop the theory of liberal dependency care (LDC) in new directions — respectively, as a form of subject-centered justice, with a political liberal justification, and with a Kantian foundation for ‘private right.’ I respond by explicating the inclusivity that is built into the arrow of care map and the variety of contract theory I advance. Furthermore, I insist that anti-oppression liberalism need not formulate its claims in political liberal terms.
Sharp asymptotic profile of the solution to a West Nile virus model with free boundary
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Nie Hua , Du Yihong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider the long-time behaviour of a West Nile virus (WNv) model consisting of a reaction–diffusion system with free boundaries. Such a model describes the spreading of WNv with the free boundary representing the expanding front of the infected region, which is a time-dependent interval
$[g(t), h(t)]$
in the model (Lin and Zhu, Spatial spreading model and dynamics of West Nile virus in birds and mosquitoes with free boundary. J. Math. Biol. 75, 1381–1409, 2017). The asymptotic spreading speed of the front has been determined in Wang et al. (Spreading speed for a West Nile virus model with free boundary. J. Math. Biol. 79, 433–466, 2019) by making use of the associated semi-wave solution, namely
$\lim _{t\to \infty } h(t)/t=\lim _{t\to \infty }[\!-g(t)/t]=c_\nu$
, with
$c_\nu$
the speed of the semi-wave solution. In this paper, by employing new techniques, we significantly improve the estimate in Wang et al. (Spreading speed for a West Nile virus model with free boundary. J. Math. Biol. 79, 433–466, 2019): we show that
$h(t)-c_\nu t$
and
$g(t)+c_\nu t$
converge to some constants as
$t\to \infty$
, and the solution of the model converges to the semi-wave solution. The results also apply to a wide class of analogous Ross–MacDonold epidemic models.
Partial interrogatives in Quebec French: a diachronic look at a spreading variant
Authors: Tailleur Sandrine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study offers a diachronic look (1840-today) into the direct partial interrogation system in Quebec French. The main goals are to provide empirical evidence of the rise of the in situ variant within the Quebec French system, and to understand how the system evolved over centuries, independently from Hexagonal French. The data (based on more than 1600 tokens) show that the emergence of the in situ variant seems to depend on the wh word itself, but its usage seems to be more important in Montreal. There are a few examples of in situ found before the 1970s, but this variant was never publicly condemned nor associated to “bad usage”. This article, inspired by a historical sociolinguistics approach, provides much needed original data from five different corpora, both (written) historical and (oral) contemporary, and shows that the partial interrogative system in Quebec is not stable over time. The Montreal data suggests a system evolving differently in this city than in other regions of the province, and the data from each wh word show that interrogatives with comment still only marginally allow the in situ variant.Cette étude offre un portrait diachronique (1840 à aujourd’hui) global de la variation à l’intérieur du système d’interrogation partielle directe en français québécois. L’objectif principal est de contribuer de façon empirique à la compréhension du développement de la variante in situ en français du Québec, et d’en arriver à montrer l’évolution, indépendante de celle ayant lieu en France, sur plus d’un siècle. Nos données (plus de 1600 occurrences) montrent que l’émergence de la variante in situ dépend du mot wh utilisé, et qu’elle semble plus avancée à Montréal qu’ailleurs. Nous avons trouvé quelques traces de la variante in situ avant 1970 dans les documents métalinguistiques, et montrons que cette variante n’a jamais été condamnée. Le présent article s’inscrit dans une approche de sociolinguistique historique et fournit des données originales, tirées de corpus historique (écrit) et contemporains (oraux). Ce portrait quantitatif montre à quel point le système d’interrogation directe partielle n’est pas stable dans le temps, et suggère une évolution dans la communauté montréalaise qui se distingue des autres communautés étudiées. Le mot interrogatif comment résiste encore à la variante in situ, mais les taux globaux d’utilisation nous permettent de considérer la variante in situ comme faisant partie intégrante de l’interrogation en français québécois oral.
Kawasaki disease: patients’ transition journey and recommendations for adult care
Authors: Chahal Nita , Rush Janet , Lardizabal Arnelle , Nobile Rita , Delayun Christian , Collins Tanveer , Thorne Sara , McCrindle Brian W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground:Children who develop coronary artery aneurysms after Kawasaki disease are at risk for cardiovascular morbidity, requiring health care transition and lifelong follow-up with an adult specialist. Follow-up losses after health care transition have been reported but without outcome and patient experience evaluation.Objective:The Theoretical Domains Framework underpinned our aim to explore the required self-care behaviours and experiences of young adults’ post-health care transition.Methods:A qualitative description approach was used for virtual, 1:1 interviews with 11 participants, recruited after health care transition from a regional cardiac centre in Ontario. Directed content analysis was employed.Results:Health, psychosocial, and lifestyle challenges were compounded by a sense of loss. Six themes emerged within the Theoretical Domains Framework categories. Participants offered novel health care transition programme recommendations.Conclusions:The realities of health care transition involve multiple, overlapping stressors for young adults with Kawasaki disease and coronary artery aneurysms. Our findings will inform a renewed health care transition programme and will include outcome evaluation.
Integrated care in a Beveridge system: experiences from England and Denmark
Authors: Tsiachristas Apostolos , Vrangbæk Karsten , Gongora-Salazar Pamela , Kristensen Søren Rud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHealth systems internationally face demands to deliver care that is better coordinated and integrated. The health system financing and delivery model may go some, but not all the way in explaining health system fragmentation. In this paper, we consider the road to care integration in two countries with Beveridge style health systems, England and Denmark, that are both ranked as highly Integrated systems in Toth's health integration index. We use the SELFIE framework to compare the policies and reforms that have affected care integration over the past 30 years in the two countries. The countries both started their reform path by reforming to introduce choice and competition, but did so in different ways that set them on different pathways. Nevertheless, after two decades, the countries ended the period with largely similar structures that emphasised the creation of a cross-sectoral governance structure. In the relatively centralised England, by introducing decentralised Integrated Care Systems, and in the relatively decentralised Denmark with a centralising element in the form of new Health Clusters.
Institutional boundaries and the challenges of aligning science advice and policy dynamics: the UK and Canada in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Tuohy Carolyn Hughes , Bevan Gwyn , Brown Adalsteinn D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis comparison of institutions of science advice during COVID-19 between the Westminster systems of England/UK and Ontario/Canada focuses on the role of science in informing public policy in two central components of the response to the pandemic: the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and the procuring of vaccines. It compares and contrasts established and purpose-built bodies with varying degrees of independence from the political executive, and shows how each attempted to manage the tensions between scientific and governmental logics of accountability as they negotiated the boundary between science and policy. It uses the comparison to suggest potential lessons about the relative merits and drawbacks of different institutional arrangements for science advice to governments in an emergency.
Responses of rice genotypes to foliar-applied metribuzin
Authors: Marsh Sarah L. , Al-Khatib Kassim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increasing development of herbicide resistance in weeds found in rice cropping systems has encouraged researchers to evaluate alternate herbicides to prevent and manage herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Metribuzin is a photosynthetic-inhibiting herbicide that controls various important grass and broadleaf weeds. Several crops, including soybean, wheat, peas, and potato, have shown differential varietal responses to metribuzin. To determine whether rice has differential varietal responses to metribuzin for potential utilization in a rice breeding program, greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of 142 long-, medium-, and short-grain rice genotypes to the herbicide. Metribuzin was applied at 0, 22, 44, 88, 176, and 352 g ai ha−1 when rice plants were in the 3- to 4-leaf stage. Crop response regarding phytotoxicity, height reduction, and biomass reduction was evaluated. Metribuzin caused significant injury to all rice genotypes tested, but short-grain rice genotypes were, on average, more susceptible than medium- and long-grain rice genotypes. Short-grain rice genotypes generally had greater height reduction and produced less biomass than long-grain or medium-grain rice genotypes. Crop visual injury ratings were correlated with plant height reductions and biomass reductions. The results indicate that the level of metribuzin tolerance in rice is inadequate for commercial use; however, further research is needed to develop higher levels of herbicide resistance by mutagenized rice cultivars.
Characterization of mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl and pyroxsulam–resistant annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in an annual cropping system
Authors: Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan Vijaya Bhaskar , Morgan Charlotte , Onkokesung Nawaporn , Cook Sarah K. , Hodkinson Trevor R. , Barth Susanne , Hennessy Michael , Forristal Patrick D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerbicide-resistant annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) has become a problem in non-arable land areas. In arable fields, P. annua is frequently of lower priority in weed control program due to the variety of control options available and the relatively modest impact on crop yield compared with other species. In Ireland, postemergence herbicides are not primarily intended for P. annua control, but some herbicides, including the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl, exhibit P. annua activity. In this study, a suspected P. annua population (POAAN-R) that survived mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl at 0.75 of the field recommended rate was sampled from a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) field in County Dublin, Ireland. Single-dose testing confirmed that the suspected POAAN-R had evolved resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl and, additionally, to pyroxsulam (not registered in Ireland for P. annua control), but was sensitive to clethodim, glyphosate, pendimethalin, and flufenacet. Dose–response experiments indicated that POAAN-R was more resistant (GR50 resistance index) to both mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl (47.8 times) and pyroxsulam (38.0 times) than sensitive POAAN-S, and this was associated with the mutation at Trp-574 in the ALS protein. Malathion (a cytochrome P450 [P450] inhibitor) pretreatment did not reverse POAAN-R resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl or pyroxsulam at the field rate or above. The natural inherent mutation at Ile-1781 in acetyl-CoA carboxylase protein had no effect on both POAAN-R and POAAN-S sensitivity to clethodim. The glyphosate sensitivity of POAAN-R also corresponded with no known mutation in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase protein. Based on field histories, poor early-season weed control coupled with intensive use of mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl (often at reduced rates) has unintentionally selected for ALS inhibitor–resistant POAAN-R. This is the first report to characterize resistance in P. annua to ALS-inhibiting herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl and pyroxsulam in an arable setting. There is an opportunity to effectively control POAAN-R using herbicides, but this needs a wide-ranging and varied approach, coupled with cultural/nonchemical practices.
Improved Model for GIC Calculation in the Mexican Power Grid
Authors: Caraballo R. , González‐Esparza J. A. , Pacheco C. R. , Corona‐Romero P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present the first observations of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the Mexican power grid and an improved model to calculate them. The new model comprises ca. 250 substations working at various voltage levels, a methodology to estimate geomagnetic disturbances (δB) at different points throughout the Mexican territory, and a 1D piecewise model that considers lateral variations in the ground conductivity. This is an improvement of a former uniform conductivity model presented previously to calculate our first GIC estimates (Caraballo et al., 2020). We compared the observed and calculated GIC between August and November 2021 at a coastal 400 kV substation. During this interval, five geomagnetic storms occurred (G1 and G2). The observed GIC exceeded 10 A during the most strong event; this shows a clear grid response even under weak geomagnetic perturbations that occurred during the solar minimum. Further comparison with the results of the former model suggests that the new 1D piecewise model yields better GIC estimates for the Mexican power grid.