bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of interviewer characteristics on residency candidate scores in Emergency Medicine: a brief report
Authors: Coughlin Ryan F. , Bod Jessica , Wood D. Brian , Goldflam Katja , Della-Giustina David , Joseph Melissa , Devlin Dylan , Wong Ambrose H. , Tsyrulnik Alina 
Published: October 2023

Background: At the conclusion of residency candidate interview days, faculty interviewers commonly meet as a group to reach conclusions about candidate evaluations based on shared information. These conclusions ultimately translate into rank list position for The Residency Match. The primary objective is to determine if the post-interview discussion influences the final scores assigned by each interviewer, and to investigate whether interviewer characteristics are significantly associated with the likelihood of changing their score. Based on Foucault’s ‘theory of discourse’ and Bourdieu’s ‘social capital theory,’ we hypothesized that interviewer characteristics, and the discourse itself, would contribute to score changes after a post-interview discussion regarding emergency medicine residency candidates. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of candidate scores for all candidates to a four-year emergency medicine residency program affiliated with Yale University School of Medicine during a single application cycle. The magnitude and direction of score changes, if any, after group discussion were plotted and grouped by interviewer academic rank. We created a logistic regression model to determine odds that candidate scores changed from pre- and post-discussion ratings related to specific interviewer factors. Results: A total of 24 interviewers and 211 candidates created 471 unique interviewer-candidate scoring interactions, with 216 (45.8%) changing post-discussion. All interviewers ranked junior to professor were significantly more likely to change their score compared to professors. Interviewers who were women had significantly lower odds of changing their individual scores following group discussion (p=0.020; OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26-0.89). Conclusions: Interviewers with lower academic rank had higher odds of changing their post-discussion scores of residency candidates compared to professors. Future work is needed to further characterize the influencing factors and could help create more equitable decision processes during the residency candidate ranking process.
Seborrheic dermatitis - pathogenesis, epidemiology and effective treatment - literature review
Authors: Sobkiewicz Piotr , Józefiak Maciej , Kania Joanna , Kania Krzysztof , Jędrak Maciej , Niekurzak Karolina 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is common inflammatory dermatology disease. It’s affect up to 3-8% of the population. SD is characterized by erythema yellowish plaques and different level of itching and scaling. The last two symptoms are important factors that affect the quality of life of patients. This condition is usually a reaction to growth of Malassezia spp and commonly develop in regions of strong sebaceous glands such as the scalp, facial area, chest, back. Other factors include increased activity of sebaceous glands, immunosuppression, and stress.
Aim of the study: A review of current stage of knowledge on the pathophysiology, epidemiology of Seborrheic Dermatitis. Recommended management with newest guidelines of this disease. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the use of masks on the incidence of Seborrheic Dermatitis.
Material and methods: This review was based on available data searched in the PubMed and Google Scholar by using key words: Seborrheic dermatitis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, clinical presentation, scalp, infant.
Conclusion: The Pathogenesis of Seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood, the exact molecular process needs to be examined. SD is chronic disease with episode of remission and relapse of symptoms. Patients should be informed that ongoing maintenance treatment will be required. Treatment include topical antifungal (ketoconazole, Ciclopirox olamine, zinc pyrithione) and topical anti-inflammatory drugs like mild or mid-strength corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors (off-label use). In severe or resistance cases systematic therapy could be necessary. In this situation antifungal drugs (terbinafine, itraconazole) or low dose of isotretinoin are available options. Also new synergic treatments were introduce like cannabinoids or vitamin D which could make therapy more efficiency.
Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes: A Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Saghafian Soroush 
Published: October 2023

A main research goal in various studies is to use an observational data set and provide a new set of counterfactual guidelines that can yield causal improvements. Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) are widely studied to formalize this process and enable researchers to find guidelines that are both personalized and dynamic. However, available methods in finding optimal DTRs often rely on assumptions that are violated in real-world applications (e.g., medical decision making or public policy), especially when (a) the existence of unobserved confounders cannot be ignored, and (b) the unobserved confounders are time varying (e.g., affected by previous actions). When such assumptions are violated, one often faces ambiguity regarding the underlying causal model that is needed to be assumed to obtain an optimal DTR. This ambiguity is inevitable because the dynamics of unobserved confounders and their causal impact on the observed part of the data cannot be understood from the observed data. Motivated by a case study of finding superior treatment regimes for patients who underwent transplantation in our partner hospital (Mayo Clinic) and faced a medical condition known as new-onset diabetes after transplantation, we extend DTRs to a new class termed Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes (ADTRs), in which the causal impact of treatment regimes is evaluated based on a “cloud” of potential causal models. We then connect ADTRs to Ambiguous Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (APOMDPs) proposed by Saghafian (2018) , and consider unobserved confounders as latent variables but with ambiguous dynamics and causal effects on observed variables. Using this connection, we develop two reinforcement learning methods termed Direct Augmented V-Learning (DAV-Learning) and Safe Augmented V-Learning (SAV-Learning), which enable using the observed data to effectively learn an optimal treatment regime. We establish theoretical results for these learning methods, including (weak) consistency and asymptotic normality. We further evaluate the performance of these learning methods both in our case study (using clinical data) and in simulation experiments (using synthetic data). We find promising results for our proposed approaches, showing that they perform well even compared with an imaginary oracle who knows both the true causal model (of the data-generating process) and the optimal regime under that model. Finally, we highlight that our approach enables a two-way personalization; obtained treatment regimes can be personalized based on both patients’ characteristics and physicians’ preferences.This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, data science.Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00883 .
Learning and Optimization with Seasonal Patterns
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Wang Chun , Wang Longlin 
Published: October 2023

Decision Making in a Nonstationary Environment with Periodic RewardsMultiarmed bandit (MAB) is a powerful tool in sequential decision making. Traditional MAB models assume constant mean rewards over time, an assumption often too restrictive for real-world applications in which rewards can vary seasonally. In “Learning and Optimization with Seasonal Patterns,” Chen, Wang, and Wang challenge the standard assumption and study a nonstationary MAB model with periodic rewards. They introduce a two-stage policy that combines Fourier analysis with a confidence bound–based learning procedure. This innovative approach allows the algorithm to adapt to time-varying mean rewards that follow a periodic pattern. The first stage estimates the periods of all decision-making arms, whereas the second stage exploits this information to optimize long-term rewards. The study proves that the learning policy is near optimal, achieving a regret upper bound that scales with the square root of the time horizon and the periods of the arms. This work opens new avenues for more adaptive and efficient decision making in many applications that face seasonality, such as the fashion industry and service systems.
Turnover Intention in the Hotel Industry: The Employees' Perceptions
Authors: Lestari Nurul Sukma , Zainal Veithzal Rivai , Chan Syafrizal , Nawangsari Lenny Christina 
Published: October 2023

The hotel industry is rapidly expanding, needing more employees. The high demand for employees may lead to tighter competition in the job market, increasing employee turnover. This study aims to provide statistical evidence about the role of job stress, job insecurity, and compensation in explaining turnover intention among hotel employees. Primary data related to hotel employees' perceptions were collected using an online survey. The survey involved 135 employees of Jakarta's five-star hotels. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test three research hypotheses. The analysis results show that job stress and job insecurity positively relate to turnover intention in the hotel industry, whereas compensation is negatively associated with turnover intention. The finding could provide insight for hotel managers on reducing employee turnover. It also contributes to the upward literature on the hospitality and tourism industry.
The Dynamic of Red Plate Bank's Financial Performance Before and During the Pandemic
Authors: Normasyhuri Khavid , Erisna Nuria , Setiawan Panji Aji 
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted business activities, including the banking industry. The Indonesian State Bank (BNI) might face the same challenges as other banks. However, as a well-established red plate bank, the dynamic of this bank needs to be further investigated to show how the pandemic affects its financial performance. The main objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence on whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects the financial performance of the red plate bank. In doing so, the current researchers conducted a comparative analysis using paired sample t-tests. Time series data based on BNI's quarterly financial reports from the first quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2022 were collected through documentation. The data were partitioned into two groups, which were data before the pandemic and during the pandemic. The paired sample t-test results show that, in general, there is no statistical difference in BNI's financial performance before and during the pandemic. The finding confirmed that, as a red plate bank, BNI is a well-established bank with a sound financial state regardless of the pandemic.
Acute stress symptoms 1–2 weeks after stroke predict the subsequent development of post-traumatic stress symptoms: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Feely David , Slattery Brian , Walsh Thomas , Galvin Trish , Donlon Kate , Hanlon Michelle , Gormley Darina , Brown Gwen-Marie , Quinn Sarah , Robinson Stephanie , Judge Conor , O’Donnell Martin , Sarma Kiran , McGuire Brian E. 
Published: October 2023

Objective
To date no research has examined the potential influence of acute stress symptoms (ASD) on subsequent development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in stroke survivors. Our objective was to examine whether acute stress symptoms measured 1–2 weeks post-stroke predicted the presence of post-traumatic stress symptoms measured 6–12 weeks later.

Design
Prospective within-groups study.

Methods
Fifty four participants who completed a measure of acute stress disorder at 1–2 weeks following stroke (time 1) and 31 of these participants completed a measure of posttraumatic stress disorder 6–12 weeks later (time 2). Participants also completed measures of stroke severity, functional impairment, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, pre-morbid intelligence and pain across both time points.

Results
Some 22% met the criteria for ASD at baseline and of those, 62.5% went on to meet the criteria for PTSD at follow-up. Meanwhile two of the seven participants (28.6%) who met the criteria for PTSD at Time 2, did not meet the ASD criteria at Time 1 (so that PTSD developed subsequently). A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the presence of acute stress symptoms at baseline was predictive of post-traumatic stress symptoms at follow-up (R2 = .26, p < .01). Less severe stroke was correlated with higher levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms at Time 2 (rho = .42, p < .01).

Conclusions
The results highlight the importance of early assessment and identification of acute stress symptoms in stroke survivors as a risk factor for subsequent PTSD. Both ASD and PTSD were prevalent and the presence of both disorders should be assessed.
Shaftesbury’s Distinctive Sentiments: Moral Sentiments and Self-Governance
Authors: Kisner Matthew J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper argues that Shaftesbury differs from other moral sentimentalists (Hutcheson, Hume, Smith) because he conceives of the moral sentiments as partial and first-personal, rather than impartial and spectatorial. This difference is grounded in Shaftesbury’s distinctive notion that moral self-governance consists in the self-examination of soliloquy. Breaking with his Stoic influences, Shaftesbury holds that the moral sentiments play the role of directing and guiding soliloquy. Because soliloquy is first-personal reflection that is directed to achieving happiness, claiming that the moral sentiments direct soliloquy leads Shaftesbury to conceive of the moral sentiments as arising from the internal perspective of an agent focused on her own happiness. This provides Shaftesbury with a stronger framework for understanding moral sentiments, for it avoids the difficulty of explaining why the sentiments of others or those arising from an imagined spectator’s perspective are motivating or authoritative for us.
Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
Authors: Li Jing , Ren Hongjiang , Li Jiangtao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A novel Cd(II) compound, namely [Cd6(TCA)4(4-bpmh)(DMA)2(H2O)2]
n
·4n(H2O) (denoted as 1, H3TCA = 4,4′,4″-tricarboxytriphenylamine, 4-bpmh = N,N-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)hydrazine, and DMA = N,N′-dimethylacetamine), has been solvothermally prepared via a dual-ligand strategy that employs two organic ligands to fulfill different functions. The solid of compound 1 shows blue luminescence at room temperature.
Identification and investigation of corrosion behavior of electroless composite coating on steel substrate
Authors: Jasim Ahlam Hamid , Radhi Nabaa S. , Kareem Noor Emad , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Falah Mayadah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Because it is essential to avoid toxicity and corrosion in order to enhance the steel components and their aesthetic magnitude used in our everyday life, there has been an increased interest in the electroless field, particularly with regard to the application of nickel-phosphor on steel substrates. In this work, electroless process by nickel low phosphor solution and added titania particles (10–30  µm) to amount of coating solution (0, 5, and 10  g/L) with different coating times (30 and 60 min). Then, many tests were conducted, involving coating thickness, surfaces roughness, hardness, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and linear polarization tests in salt solution that were carried out for substrate and coating layers. Hardness indicates that the mechanical characteristics of the applied coatings with incorporated (TiO2) reinforcement were far more superior to its own matrix as well as noncomposite nickel coating. The polarization curves conducted by potentiodynamic technique for different coating layers with 3.5% NaCl a medium and find all data by computerize, which shows that the addition of TiO2 extract improved the corrosion rate (67.58%) than uncoating specimen.
Hybrid-modeling for PTFE polymerization reaction with deep learning-based reaction rate model
Authors: Dong Chao , Jiang Chao , Gao Shida , Wang Xuesong , Bo Cuimei , Li Jun , Jin Xiaoming 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) polymerization process is an essential industrial process to produce polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is extensively utilized in aerospace and medical domains. A precise mechanism model is a prerequisite for comprehensively understanding this process. However, significant uncertainties in the kinetic model parameters may hinder attaining an optimal reaction rate. This study proposes a hybrid polymerization reaction model that integrates process mechanism modeling and data-driven modeling to address this challenge. In the hybrid modeling approach, the mechanism model for the polymerization reaction is developed based on reaction kinetic and thermodynamic assumptions. Additionally, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is employed to predict the reaction rate for chain initiation by leveraging temporal relationships derived from archived measurements. The proposed methodology is implemented using a PTFE polymer reactor system, and experimental comparisons affirm its superior performance and effectiveness.
Exploring the enzyme inhibitory properties of Antarctic algal extracts
Authors: Gözcelioğlu Bülent , Uras İbrahim Seyda , Şentürk Murat , Konuklugil Belma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Marine organisms obtained from Antarctica are prominent sources for many important activities. Algae are known for adapting to various adverse environmental conditions and for producing secondary metabolites with various biological activities. This study examined the enzyme inhibitory properties of six different Antarctic algal extracts.

Methods
We investigated the activity of specific enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), carbonic anhydrase (CA I/II), glutathione reductase (GR), and α-glucosidase (AG), as these enzymes have potential therapeutic applications such as in Alzheimer’s disease, malaria, cancer, and diabetes mellitus.

Results
The results of the study found that the algal extracts had potent inhibitory effects on these enzymes, with IC50 values ranging from 0.60 to 48.85 μg/mL, indicating that these extracts could be source of potential new drugs. Monostroma harioti and Cystosphaera jacquinotii extracts demonstrated highest AChE and CA I enzymes inhibiton. M. harioti and Desmarestia antarctica extracts presented highest GR enzyme inhibiton, C. jacquinotii and D. antarctica extracts presented highest inhibitory activity against BChE, CA II and α-glucosidase enzymes.

Conclusions
Extracts of algae samples taken from Antarctica have high enzyme inhibitory activity, and further studies are needed to find out which compounds may be responsible for the effect.
Sin, Heresy and Righteousness in Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians
Authors: Linderborg Otto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The letter to the Philippians is a work traditionally ascribed to the early Christian martyr Polycarp of Smyrna. The scholarly discussions surrounding the Polycarpian letter have concerned themselves with the question of the authenticity and unity of the text. In contrast, the present study aims at providing the first unifying account of the three major themes dealt with in the letter: sin, heresy and righteousness. In the Polycarpian letter, one encounters evidence of a way of conceiving of social and religious evil, in which objects of moral and doctrinal concern are judged equally regarding their disruptive force – particularly in relation to the longed-for uniformity of the Church. This way of blurring the distinction between different socially disruptive dogmas (“proto-heresies”) and habits (“proto-sins”) may be conceived of as characteristic of a pre-normative religious order.
Origen of Alexandria and Human Dignity
Authors: Solheid John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I respond to a recent article published in the Journal of Theological Studies, in which Matthijs den Dulk challenged a prevailing idea that Origen of Alexandria was a proponent of human dignity. Den Dulk takes a different approach by drawing attention to the language of race and ethnicity Origen used to contrast Christianity with other racial groups. Den Dulk argues that, rather than being a champion of human dignity, Origen provided a basis from which modern racist discourse emerged. I will count den Dulk’s argument and demonstrate 1.) how den Dulk fails to take into proper account the theological dimensions of Origen’s thought in the passages den Dulk selected to make his argument; and 2.) that Origen’s complementary notions of the human being created in the image of God and human freedom provide a framework from which we can develop a theology of human dignity in response to modern racist discourses.
Uniqueness of the Normal Consolidation Line for Gold Tailings
Authors: Narainsamy Yashay , Jacobsz Schalk Willem , Murison Ruan Andrew , Vermeulen Nicolaas Johannes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Depending on the stress state, mine tailings are generally accepted to be susceptible to static liquefaction. A common method to assess the in situ stress state of tailings in relation to static liquefaction susceptibility involves the use of the state parameter. Because most tailings materials are normally consolidated (NC), this type of assessment requires knowledge about the normal consolidation line (NCL). It has been shown experimentally that the uniqueness of the NCL is vastly different for fine-grained and coarse-grained soils, with clays usually exhibiting a unique NCL and clean sands exhibiting an infinite number of parallel NCLs. Gold tailings, a sandy silt, fall between clays and clean sands, and there are limited experimental data regarding their compression behavior over a range of initial void ratios. This lack of data results in inconsistent interpretation of the uniqueness of the NCL for gold tailings in the industry. This can influence the results of designs and safety evaluations of tailings dams. In this study, a number of oedometer tests were conducted on gold tailings sourced from an active tailings dam in South Africa. Several specimens were prepared at various initial densities and were consolidated in small increments to a high effective stress. The oedometer tests were supplemented with triaxial compression tests, from which a unique critical state line was identified. Across the oedometer and triaxial tests, it was found that the behavior of the NC and overconsolidated samples was consistent with that typically observed for fine-grained soils. Therefore, for practical purposes, it appears that the gold tailings tested can be viewed in a framework with a unique NCL. No significant influence of particle crushing was noted.