bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The OptiBreech Trial Feasibility Study: A Qualitative Inventory of the Roles and Responsibilities of Breech Specialist Midwives
Authors: Davies Siân M. , Hodder Alice , Walker Shawn , Bale Natasha , Vincent Honor , Dasgupta Tisha , Birch Alexandra , Piper Keelie , Silverio Sergio A. 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe safety of vaginal breech birth is associated with the skill and experience of professionals in attendance, but minimal training opportunities exist. OptiBreech collaborative care is an evidence‐based care bundle, based on previous research. This care pathway is designed to improve access to care and the safety of vaginal breech births, when they occur, through dedicated breech clinics and intrapartum support. This improved process also enhances professional training. Care coordination is accomplished in most cases by a key breech specialist midwife on the team. The goal of this qualitative inventory was to describe the roles and tasks undertaken by specialist midwives in the OptiBreech care implementation feasibility study.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with OptiBreech team members (17 midwives and 4 obstetricians; N = 21), via video conferencing software. Template analysis was used to code, analyze, and interpret data relating to the roles of the midwives delivering breech services. Tasks identified through initial coding were organized into 5 key themes in a template, following reflective discussion at weekly staff meetings and stakeholder events. This template was then applied to all interviews to structure the analysis.ResultsBreech specialist midwives functioned as change agents. In each setting, they fulfilled similar roles to support their teams, whether this role was formally recognized or not. We report an inventory of tasks performed by breech specialist midwives, organized into 5 themes: care coordination and planning, service development, clinical care delivery, education and training, and research.DiscussionBreech specialist midwives perform a consistent set of roles and responsibilities to co‐ordinate care throughout the OptiBreech pathway. The inventory has been formally incorporated into the OptiBreech collaborative care logic model. This detailed description can be used by employers and professional organizations who wish to formalize similar roles to meet consistent standards and improve care.
Does a Small Country Have Meaningful Regional Personality Differences? The Case of Estonia
Authors: Xu Ling , Götz Friedrich M. , Ebert Tobias , Silm Siiri , Vainik Uku , Johnson Wendy , Mõttus René 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRegional differences in the Big Five personality domains have been observed in several countries at different geographical granularities, often correlating with regional political, economic, social, and health (PESH) indicators.ObjectiveWe examined the extent of regional personality differences in Estonia and whether these differences were meaningfully correlated with PESH indicators.MethodsUsing data from the Estonian Biobank (N = 72,268; 7% of the adult population, providing unprecedented representativeness), we tested regional personality differences and their relations with PESH indicators with and without spatial smoothing.ResultsWe found that regional Big Five scores varied by 1.19 (extraversion) to 2.78 (openness) T‐score units across counties (N = 15) and by 2.80 (extraversion) to 4.74 (openness) units across municipalities (n = 74). Also, the correlations with the PESH indicators at the county and municipality levels persisted even after controlling for gender, age, and spatial dependency, and were moderately consistent with our predictions (r = 0.23 to 0.30) and between the county and municipality levels (r = 0.41).ConclusionsEstonian residents tended to be similar in personality traits regardless of their location, replicating results from other countries. Yet, small regional personality domain differences could represent valid and possibly consequential psychological variation.
Dreaming in patients with epilepsy: a cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Charpentier‐Hélary Maïlis , de la Chapelle Aurélien , Linard Maxime , André‐Obadia Nathalie , Boulogne Sébastien , Catenoix Hélène , Jung Julien , Rheims Sylvain , Schiller Katharina , Frauscher Birgit , Ruby Perrine , Peter‐Derex Laure 
Published: February 2025

SummaryEpilepsy impacts cognition during wakefulness. As epileptic activity is present and even augmented during sleep, epilepsy could also influence sleep‐related cognitive processes. However, whether epilepsy modulates sleep‐related experiences like dreaming remains poorly known. Here, we prospectively investigated the characteristics and determinants of dreaming in patients with epilepsy. Consecutive adult patients with epilepsy and no major cognitive deficit were recruited in an epilepsy outpatient clinic. They completed a questionnaire about their dreams, sleep and epilepsy over the past year. Medical data on epilepsy characteristics were gathered from the medical file. A generalised linear model was used to explore the determinants of dream recall frequency (DRF). We included 300 patients, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 40.4 (13.4) years and 51.3% female; 28.6% had more than one seizure/month, and 34.7% already had seizures during sleep. Patients recalled dreams on an average of 1.6 (1.5) days/week and 11% had one or more nightmare/week. Younger age, higher number of nocturnal awakenings, and lower seizures frequency predicted a higher DRF. In patients with focal epilepsy (65.3%), the localisation of the epileptic focus in the parieto‐occipital area was negatively associated with DRF. Regarding dream content, 34.0% of patients reported having already dreamt about epilepsy. Dreams of seizures were associated with sleep‐related seizures (p = 0.034) and dreams of epilepsy were associated with nightmare frequency (p = 0.004). Our results show that patients with epilepsy share several determinants of DRF (age, awakenings, role of the parieto‐occipital area) with healthy subjects. In addition, epilepsy‐related factors (seizure frequency, focus localisation) also impact DRF. Investigating dreams in patients with epilepsy can provide information on their epilepsy and their sleep.
Interaction Between Plants Through Litter Input in Mangrove Succession in the Red River Delta
Authors: Dhaou Dounia , Dao Van Tan , Greff Stéphane , Sundaravaradarajan Deepalakshmi , Khong Thu Hien , Gros Raphaël , Baldy Virginie , Fernandez Catherine , Bousquet‐Mélou Anne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsDominant or pioneer species litter decomposition was found to be involved in the recruitment of following species during succession in terrestrial plant communities, while knowledge remains scarce in wetland forests such as mangroves. Our study evaluated the influence of pioneer species leaf litter decomposition on (i) the settlement success of species following them or not in the natural succession and (ii) on soil characteristics.LocationRed River Delta, Vietnam.MethodsWe set up an in situ experiment in mesocosms that followed the survival and growth of three species (Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Rhizophora stylosa) planted in soils of Avicennia marina or Sonneratia caseolaris, with or without leaf litter addition for 203 days. Soil nutrient contents were determined at the beginning and end of the experiment, and their metabolic fingerprints were compared using an untargeted metabolomic approach to highlight potential allelochemicals when a phytotoxic effect was observed.ResultsSeedling response to litter addition was species‐specific, which can be linked to their successional status. K. obovata was most affected by litter addition, showing better growth with both litter types. Meanwhile, A. marina litter substantially decreased survival rates by 50% for K. obovata and 33% for R. stylosa, suggesting a strategy to delay its replacement by these species through the release of phytotoxic decomposition by‐products. Metabolic fingerprints of A. marina soils planted with K. obovata showed no shift in global chemical composition, but 12 features were found significantly more abundant in the presence of litter. Putative annotations revealed sulfur‐containing metabolites, which are probable products of organic matter sulfurization, a frequently occurring process in mangrove sediments. These unusual compounds may act as allelochemicals and should be further assessed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that allelopathic processes through litter decomposition may be at play in mangrove community assembly and could be a tool for restoration purposes.
Temporal Changes in Tasmanian Devil Genetic Diversity at Sites With and Without Supplementation
Authors: Schraven Andrea L. , McLennan Elspeth A. , Farquharson Katherine A. , Lee Andrew V. , Belov Katherine , Fox Samantha , Grueber Catherine E. , Hogg Carolyn J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTManagement interventions for threatened species are well documented with genetic data now playing a pivotal role in informing their outcomes. However, in situ actions like supplementations (releasing individuals into an existing population) are often restricted to a singular site. Considerable research and management effort have been dedicated to conserving the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), offering a unique opportunity to investigate the temporal genetic consequences of supplementation at multiple sites, in comparison to outcomes observed in the absence of management interventions. Using 1,778 genome‐wide SNPs across 1,546 individuals, we compared four wild‐supplemented sites to four monitoring‐only sites (not supplemented; control sites) over 9 years (2014–2022). At the study completion, genetic differentiation among supplemented sites had significantly decreased compared to among not‐supplemented sites. We found statistically significant variation in genetic change over time between sites using linear mixed‐effects modelling with random slopes. Investigating this among‐site variation showed that three of the supplemented sites conformed to predictions that supplementations would have a positive impact on the genetic diversity of devils at these sites. We predicted no change over time at our fourth site due to the observed relatively high gene flow, however, this site did not align with predictions, instead showing decreased genetic diversity and increased relatedness. Amongst not supplemented sites, there was no consistent pattern of temporal genetic change, suggesting devil sites across Tasmania are highly heterogeneous, likely reflecting variation in site connectivity and genetic drift. Our study demonstrates that long‐term concurrent monitoring of multiple sites, including controls, is necessary to contextualise the influence of management interventions on natural species fluctuations.
Naturalism, from a transcendental point of view
Authors: Pihlström Sami 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis essay develops a version of non‐reductive (“soft,” liberal, non‐scientistic) naturalism based on an integration of pragmatism and transcendental philosophy. In critical dialogue with philosophers such as Quine, Strawson, and McDowell, this version of naturalism, understood as an open research program, is argued to be more compelling than other (non‐transcendental) variants of non‐reductive naturalism. It is suggested that any naturalist must examine how we are able to view ourselves as elements of the natural world; accordingly, the question concerning the contingency of the transcendental “us” is raised. The related issue of realism underlying debates on naturalism is also discussed. This paper thus contributes to the current naturalism debates by distinguishing between transcendental and non‐transcendental non‐reductive naturalisms and by emphasizing the entanglement of the issues of naturalism and realism.
The largest known population of Eden's whale aggregates in the Beibu Gulf, southern China
Authors: Chen Bingyao , Lu Fangting , Zhang Xuelei , Wu Caiwen , Lü Liangang , Jefferson Thomas A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBasic information on the distribution, survival, and abundance of Eden's whale (Balaenoptera edeni edeni) is lacking. During April 2018 to April 2024, we monitored Eden's whales in the Beibu Gulf, southern China. Using characteristics of the dorsal fin left and right side, 83 and 88 whales were identified, respectively (mean 3.5 times). The POPAN and Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) open models in MARK resulted in low apparent survival of .824 and .817 for left dorsal fin data set, .816 and .822 for right dorsal fin data set and lower capture probability of .522 and .427 for left, .468 and .461 for right. The POPAN model estimated 82–123 identifiable whales and 100–160 whales adjusted by mark ratio, indicating the largest reported population worldwide. The mean annual population size ranged from 26 to 58, with a yearly increasing–decreasing fluctuation. The low survival, capture probability, and annual population size, and increasing discovery curve indicate that the population dynamics are complex, possibly reflecting wider movement beyond the study area. We speculate that some individuals were residents in the Beibu Gulf, while most whales were transients that migrate yearly between the Beibu Gulf and the East China Sea, South China Sea, or/and Southeast Asia.
Most “flight” baleen whale species are acoustically cryptic to killer whales, unlike “fight” species
Authors: Branch Trevor A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractKiller whales regularly attack and kill baleen whales, especially their calves. In response, slow‐moving maneuverable “fight” species defend their calves in winter aggregations in predictable shallow coastal locations; while fast‐swimming “flight” species flee on contact and typically disperse in winter across deep open waters. Male singing also differs between fight and flight groups, with fight species producing more intricate songs to win group competitions, while flight species produce loud, monotonous songs to attract distant females. Fight species rely more on group defense and have less need to hide acoustically, but loud‐singing flight species might draw in predatory killer whales. Since killer whales cannot detect sounds <100 Hz and can detect only loud tones below 1500 Hz, singing at low frequencies would result in acoustic crypsis. A review of baleen whale calling frequencies and source levels reveals that although all species are capable of acoustic crypsis, most fight populations produce calls >1500 Hz (24 of 27, 89%), unlike flight populations (12 of 49, 24%). Furthermore, flight species with higher frequency calls produced lower source level calls, greatly reducing detection distances. Thus, flight species may call at low frequencies not only for long‐distance communication but also to avoid detection by killer whales.
Ecological speciation with gene flow followed initial large‐scale geographic speciation in the enigmatic afroalpine giant senecios (Dendrosenecio)
Authors: Gorospe Juan Manuel , Záveská Eliška , Chala Desalegn , Gizaw Abel , Tusiime Felly Mugizi , Gustafsson A. Lovisa S. , Piálek Lubomír , Kolář Filip , Brochmann Christian , Schmickl Roswitha 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Mountains have highly heterogeneous environments that generate ample opportunities for lineage differentiation through ecological adaptation, geographic isolation and secondary contact. The geographic and ecological isolation of the afroalpine vegetation fragments on the East African mountain tops makes them an excellent system to study speciation. The initial diversification within the afroalpine endemic genus Dendrosenecio was shown to occur via allopatric divergence among four isolated mountain groups, but the potential role of ecological speciation within these groups and the role of gene flow in speciation remained uncertain.
Here we extend the sampling of Dendrosenecio and use phylogenomics to assess the importance of gene flow in the diversification of the genus. Then, population genomics, demographic modelling and habitat differentiation analyses are used to study ecological speciation in two sister species occurring on Mount Kenya.
We found that two sympatric sister species on Mt Kenya occupy distinct microhabitats, and our analyses support that they originated in situ via ecological speciation with gene flow. In addition, we obtained signals of admixture history between mountain groups.
Taken together, these results suggest that geographic isolation shaped main lineages, while ecologically mediated speciation occurred within a single mountain.
Global peatland greenhouse gas dynamics: state of the art, processes, and perspectives
Authors: Mander Ülo , Öpik Maarja , Espenberg Mikk 
Published: February 2025

SummaryNatural peatlands regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes through a permanently high groundwater table, causing carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation but methane (CH4) emissions due to anaerobic conditions. By contrast, drained and disturbed peatlands are hotspots for CO2 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, while CH4 release is low but high from drainage ditches. Generally, in low‐latitude (tropical and subtropical) peatlands, emissions of all GHGs are higher than in high‐latitude (temperate, boreal, and Arctic) peatlands. Their inherent dependence on the water regime makes peatlands highly vulnerable to both direct and indirect anthropogenic impacts, including climate change‐induced drying, which is creating anthro‐natural ecosystems. This paper presents state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on peatland GHG fluxes and their key regulating processes, highlighting approaches to study spatio‐temporal dynamics, integrated methods, direct and indirect human impacts, and peatlands' perspectives.
The cost‐efficiency of vitamin A supplementation services in Kenya: An assessment of a Malezi Bora event in Kenya
Authors: Kieran Caitlin , Doledec David , Klemm Rolf , Waithera Esther Njeri , Vosti Stephen A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVitamin A supplementation (VAS) remains a cornerstone of global child survival programs. As available funding declines, countries are seeking alternative delivery platforms. We examine a VAS‐deworming delivery event in 2019 in Kenya, called Malezi Bora (MB), that employed four delivery platforms: health clinics, Early Childhood Development centers, community distribution points, and home visits. VAS coverage data were collected via household surveys in four subcounties, three of which received financial and technical assistance, and one of which received technical assistance only. Data on costs were collected using structured and semi‐structured questionnaires. Only one subcounty achieved the targeted VAS coverage rate (80%) across most age subgroups; the subcounty not receiving financial assistance covered just 37% of children 6–59 months of age. Two other funded subcounties had higher coverage rates but failed to achieve 80% coverage for any age subgroup. Most children in the funded subcounties received VAS in their homes. Most children in the unfunded subcounty received VAS at a health facility. Being aware of MB was the most important factor associated with receiving VAS. Cost per child reached, including opportunity costs, varied across subcounties from $1.81 to $11.13 USD. Salaries were the main cost drivers.
Hinge trust*
Authors: Coliva Annalisa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTrust is central to epistemology, particularly in accounts of testimony, where it describes the relationship between a hearer and a speaker (or trustor and trustee), enabling the acquisition of information. The speaker's trustworthiness—marked by sincerity and knowledge—is essential for testimony to transmit knowledge or justified belief. However, trust's nature and role remain conceptually elusive, as the current debate highlights. This paper addresses the foundational question of what trust entails, rather than the conditions under which one is trustworthy. Specifically, we examine Wittgenstein's On Certainty to propose a characterization of trust in its most fundamental form, termed “hinge trust.” Hinge trust is a stance preceding the ability to form justified beliefs, directed not only at people but also at perceptual faculties, objects, and the environment. It underpins our epistemic practices, particularly in acquiring epistemic hinges essential for reasoning and inquiry.Building on this, we advocate a “trust‐first” framework, analogous to the “knowledge‐first” approach in epistemology. Trust is conceptualized as a primitive stance, distinct from “reliance +” a reactive attitude, or goodwill or commitment. These elements, while significant, are not constitutive of trust. Additionally, we explore the interplay between trust and distrust, arguing that trust is both conceptually and axiologically prior to distrust. Finally, we address the role of trust in testimony and hinge epistemology, demonstrating its foundational significance.
An Eco‐Social Policy Mix for 1.5°C Lifestyles: A Multi‐Country Policy Delphi Analysis
Authors: Laksevics Karlis , Brizga Janis , Mamut Pia , Kreinin Halliki , Fuchs Doris , Belousa Inga 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBridging the gap between welfare and climate policies is essential for simultaneously pursuing increased well‐being and reduced carbon emissions. This study uses a policy Delphi approach, involving experts and stakeholders from five European countries: Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Spain, and Sweden, to assess the perceived desirability and feasibility of six eco‐social policies for enabling 1.5°C lifestyles. The results show that eco‐social policies are challenged by current growth and work paradigms, which transcend welfare‐regime‐related, ideological, social, and institutional rationales. Of the selected policies, stakeholders found low‐efficiency housing retrofits the most desirable, but income caps the least desirable. Worktime reduction, job guarantees, and income ceilings raise deep concerns over work, motivation, and consumption. However, universal basic services, free public transport, and public renovation raise concerns about service efficiency, innovation incentives, and welfare entitlement. Stakeholders agreed that eco‐social policies are desirable and feasible, but only when combined in a way that balances social and environmental impacts. They believe it might be easier to address challenges in understanding and implementing these policies if they were part of a broader, coordinated approach at a supranational level, rather than isolated, single‐issue policies targeting specific sectors.