bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Several variants on chromosome 10 are associated with coarse hair diameter in Dazu black goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Zhang Jipan , Fang Jiabei , Zhang Siyuan , Xu Jiele , Zhao Yongju 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGoats typically have double coats, with the outermost coarse hairs providing protection against mechanical and radiation damage. While much attention has been paid to cashmere due to its status as a high‐end textile material, there is limited information available on coarse hair. This study aimed to identify genomic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions (indels), associated with coarse hair diameter using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Coarse hairs and blood samples were collected from 263 adult female goats. The diameter of coarse hairs was measured using an inverted microscope, and whole genome sequencing was conducted on the blood samples. After reads mapping, variants calling, and quality control, totals of 11 322 006 SNPs and 863 734 indels were included for SNP‐GWAS and indel‐GWAS analyses. Eight significant SNPs (p < 8.98e‐8) and three significant indels (p < 1.16e‐6) were identified. Among those, one SNP was located on Chromosome 4 and near the genes COL28A1 and C1GALT1. Seven significant SNPs were found in the region chr10_96664101–96670958, with the genes CDO1 and TMED7 located upstream and downstream, respectively. Haplotype analysis revealed that the diverse haplotypes of these seven SNPs presented varying values for coarse hair diameter. Notably, the only consistently significant insertion (chr10_96665085, GTA>G) was also located within the region chr10_96664101–96670958, further highlighting the importance of this genomic region in influencing coarse hair diameter. These significant variants and genomic regions provide valuable insights for investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in fiber diameter.
Development and Evaluation of a New Gastroenteritis Clinical Severity Score for Children Aged Under 5
Authors: Masson Lydie , Lorton Fleur , Lependu Jacques , Imbert Berthe Marie , Vrignaud Bénédicte , Gras‐Le Guen Christèle , Scherdel Pauline 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo develop and internally validate a new severity score to more accurately assess the clinical severity forms of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children from birth to age 5 years.MethodsWe included children consulting for AGE in the emergency department of the University Hospital of Nantes (March 2017–June 2019). We developed and evaluated a new predictive score (GASTROVIM score) using the classification and regression trees. We compared its diagnostic performance with the two existing scores: the Vesikari score and clinical dehydration scale (CDS). A clinical expert a posteriori evaluated children's medical records to determine the severity form of AGE as the gold standard.ResultsOf the 200 children included, 129 (64.5%) had severe forms of AGE according to the GASTROVIM score (maximal number of liquid stools and vomiting per day, weight loss and CDS), with sensitivity 90.0% (95% CI: 83.5–94.6) and specificity 82.9% (72.0–90.8). The Vesikari score had similar sensitivity (97.3%) but lower specificity (17.0%) and the CDS had lower sensitivity (28.3%) and higher specificity (100%) than the GASTROVIM score.ConclusionThe GASTROVIM score could discriminate severe forms of AGE with good diagnostic performance. Nevertheless, external validation in other populations and/or other countries is needed.
Recovery of lizard assembages 10 years after reduced‐impact logging in central‐eastern Amazonia
Authors: Ganança Pedro Henrique Salomão , da Rosa Clarissa Alves , Lima Albertina Pimentel , de Fraga Rafael , Torralvo Kelly , Giacomin Leandro Lacerda , Mortati Amanda Frederico , de Moura Guerreiro Quêzia Leandro , Aragón Susan , Magnusson William Ernest 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding changes in species composition due to human‐induced habitat modification and environmental filtering is essential for formulating effective conservation strategies. Species turnover resulting from reduced‐impact logging (RIL) is expected in the short term, generally with species adapted to open areas replacing those dependent on old‐growth forest. However, little is known about how RIL activities influence assemblages after the perturbation ceased. We sampled lizards across an edaphic and vegetation‐structure gradient in 64 plots in the Brazilian Amazon to test the hypothesis that changes in assemblage composition and proportion of heliothermic species are due to canopy openness resulting from ceased RIL activities and individual tree falls or to other environmental gradients. Contrary to expectations, canopy openness did not significantly affect the overall composition of lizard assemblages, but nearby unforested areas influenced assemblage composition, resulting in a higher proportion of heliothermic species. The composition of lizard assemblages was also significantly influenced by the distance to the nearest water body, vegetation height, and soil sand content. However, leaf litter height did not have a detectable impact on the composition of lizard assemblages. We conclude that short‐term changes in species composition due to habitat modification by RIL do not persist in the long term after the perturbation ceases, and the assemblages may recover as vegetation regenerates. Although lizard species respond to spatial and temporal variation in environmental characteristics, we found evidence that lizard assemblages recover as reduced‐impact logging (RIL) activities cease and vegetation regenerates.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Comparative Evaluation of Health Status of Syrian Refugee and Turkish Children, Alongside the Factors Influencing Sociocultural Adaptation of Syrian Children in Türkiye
Authors: Kunuroglu Filiz , Yuzbasi Demet Vural , Kaval Selma , Kucukyilmaz Ebru 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe objective of this study encompasses two distinct facets. First, it aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the comparative assessment of psychosocial wellbeing and oral health status among Syrian and Turkish children in Türkiye. Secondly, it aims to elucidate the factors that play a role in shaping the sociocultural adaptation of Syrian children.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey assessing self‐esteem, social anxiety and resilience and clinical examination were conducted on a convenience sample of Syrian refugee and Turkish children. The sample consisted of 396 participants (55.7% male and 44.3% female), including 173 Syrian individuals (43.7%) with a mean age of 14.12 years (SD = 2.24), and 223 Turkish individuals (56.3%) with a mean age of 12.44 years (SD = 2.47). Sociocultural adaptation and perceived discrimination scales were also taken by refugee children.ResultsOverall, psychosocial wellbeing, academic success and oral health outcomes of refugee participants were lower than those of the Turkish general population. Specifically, independent samples t‐test revealed that Syrian refugee children exhibited higher levels of social anxiety (t(384) = 3.138, p < 0.005), higher resilience (t(384) = 3.866, p < 0.001), lower self‐esteem (t(389) = 4.614, p < 0.001) and poorer academic performance (t(370.981) = −8.441, p < 0.001) compared to Turkish children. In terms of oral health, Syrian children exhibited significantly higher levels of dental health problems, including DMFT (t(394) = 4.203, p < 0.001), DMFS (t(394) = 4.858, p < 0.001) and PPD (t(394) = 15.09, p < 0.001) than their Turkish counterparts. A one‐way ANOVA showed that socio‐economic status was an important factor in psychosocial and oral health outcomes, except for psychological resilience (F(2,378) = 0.029, p = 0.971). Children from low socioeconomic backgrounds showed higher levels of social anxiety (F (2,376) = 10.704, p = 0.00), lower academic performance (F(2,365) = 33.119, p = 0.00) and poorer oral health outcomes including DMFT (F(2,381) = 7.230, p = 0.001), DMFS (F(2,381) = 4.983, p = 0.007) and PPD (F(2,381) = 22.463, p = 0.00). Pearson correlation analyses indicated that sociocultural adaptation of refugees was positively associated with their resilience (r = 0.45, p < 0.01), and negatively associated with perceived discrimination (r = −0.34, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe findings underscore the need for integrated healthcare interventions that address the multifaceted health needs of vulnerable populations in diverse societies.
Zirconia Barriers in Bone Regeneration Procedures: A Scoping Review
Authors: Uriarte Xavier , Landázuri Andrés , Marão Heloisa Fonseca , Lucena Natália , Schiegnitz Eik , Díaz Leonardo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTo identify the current status and development of zirconia barriers in bone augmentation procedures in the maxillofacial area of adult human patients.Materials and MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted an electronic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases, as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies up to April 15, 2024. The protocol was designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.ResultsThe initial electronic search resulted in 240 studies. The systematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 6 articles that met the purpose of the study. The included articles were 5 clinical case series and 1 case report, published between 2016 and 2023. Only 4 articles reported histological studies. A total of 40 sites regenerated with zirconium barriers were reported in 30 patients. Results were obtained with variability in bone gain values, between 0.9–8.0 mm horizontally and 1.4–12.0 mm vertically, in addition to a 30% complication rate.ConclusionsAlthough the results obtained in the studies included in this scoping review are favorable with respect to the amount of bone formation and the reduced surgical time required, the number of complications is considered high. Moreover, due to a limited number of patients included in the case series and the short duration of follow‐up, additional studies including a control group are required.
CD4‐Derived Double‐Negative T Cells Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease‐Like Phenotypes in the 5×FAD Mouse Model
Authors: Xie Yuanzhi , Liu Jing , Hou Zongren , Wang Huan , Liu Kailun , Chen Xiaowei , Fan Zhen , Li Da , Li Can , Pan Yuhualei , Zhao Yushang , Zhu Yanbing , Hu Baoyang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is difficult to predict and is typically diagnosed only after symptoms manifest. Recently, CD4+ T cell‐derived double‐negative T (DNT) cells have shown strong immuno‐regulatory properties in both in vitro and in vivo neuronal inflammation studies. However, the effectiveness of DNT cells in treating on AD are not yet fully understood.ObjectiveThis study's aims were three‐fold, to (1) evaluate the efficacy of CD4+ T cell‐derived DNT cells treatment on AD mice, (2) understand how DNT treatment make changes in different cell types of 5FAD mice, (3) identify the side effects of DNT treatment.MethodsWe performed tail vein injection of transformed and amplified CD4+ T cell‐derived DNT cells into 5 × FAD mice, while using WT mice and saline injection 5FAD mice as controls. DNT suspensions or NaCl alone were administered to 5 × FAD mice at the 6 months of age. For intravenous injection (n = 10 for both DNT and control injections), 5 × FAD mice were injected with a total of 5 × 106 DNT cells suspended in 200 μL of 0.9% NaCl or 0.9% NaCl alone via the lateral tail vein. Behavioral tests and pathology tests were carried out 30 days after cell transplantation.ResultsThrough qualitative analysis, we identified 6 main themes. DNT from young wild‐type mice enhance the capability of spatial learning and memory in AD mice. DNT cell treatment rejuvenates the microglial function. DNT cell treatment improves the state of oligodendrocytes. DNT cell treatment finetunes the activation of the immune system. DNT cell treatment improves the synaptic plasticity and increases the complexity of neurons. DNT cell treatment reduces the density of amyloid Beta plaques deposition in the cortex and hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice.DiscussionThe findings from this study reveal that DNT treatment improved spatial memory and learning abilities, reduced Aβ deposition, and enhanced synaptic plasticity, contrasting with previous reports on thymus‐derived DNT cells. Additionally, CD4+ T cell‐derived DNT therapy exhibited anti‐inflammatory effects and modulated microglial function, promoting a neuroprotective environment. Notably, DNT treatment also reduced tau pathology by decreasing levels of abnormally phosphorylated tau. These findings suggest that CD4+ T cell‐derived DNT cells hold therapeutic potential for AD, effectively targeting both Aβ and tau pathologies.
Simultaneous integrated boost intensity‐modulated radiation therapy targeting clinically involved extramesorectal lymph nodes in locally advanced rectal cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Nayak Prashant , Saklani Avanish , Kazi Mufaddal , Kumar Bharath , D'souza Ashwin , Baheti Akshay , Kumar Suman , Agrawal Amiya , Pansande Namrata , Engineer Reena 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimConsensus is lacking regarding the management of extramesorectal lymph nodes (EMLN) in rectal cancer. Using simultaneous integrated boost intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (SIB‐IMRT), we targeted involved EMLN and reserved lateral pelvic lymph nodal dissection (LPLND) for nonresponders. The primary aim of this work was to determine the proportion of patients who avoided LPLND and to establish the pathological EMLN positivity rate.MethodConsecutive patients with rectal cancer with suspicious EMLN [short axis dimension (SAD) ≥ 7 mm], receiving SIB‐IMRT as part of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and subsequently undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME) or watch‐and‐wait, were included. Our primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients with a good nodal response (EMLN SAD < 5 mm) who were spared LPLND. The 3‐year locoregional relapse rate, distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were also assessed.ResultsOf the 61 patients studied, 38 (62.3%) responded well to SIB‐IMRT. In this group, 32 patients underwent TME alone and six were observed as per watch‐and‐wait. The remaining 23 (37.7%) patients with persistent EMLN received TME with LPLND. On pathological evaluation, 7 (30.4%) patients had positive nodes while 16 (69.6%) were negative. At a median follow‐up of 32 months (95% CI 23.3–40.7 months), 10 (16.4%) patients developed distant metastases while none had local or pelvic relapse. The resultant 3‐year DMFS and OS for the whole cohort were 84.4% and 95.1%, respectively. Overall, 5/61 (8.2%) patients encountered radiation‐induced toxicity of grade 3 or above and 8/55 (14.5%) patients had severe postoperative complications.ConclusionSIB‐IMRT targeting EMLN followed by selective LPLND exhibits excellent oncological outcomes. While patients responding to SIB‐IMRT safely avoid LPLND, the potential for increased morbidity in nonresponders must be considered.
Clinical Research Network: JHCRN Infrastructure and Lessons Learned
Authors: Kashyap Rahul , Yenokyan Gayane , Joyner Robert , Gerstenhaber Melissa , Alderfer Mary , Siegrist Erika , Moore Joan , Paller Channing J. , Aboumatar Hanan , Potter James J. , Watkins Stanley , Niederhuber John E. , Ford Daniel E. , Dobs Adrian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTClinical research studies are becoming increasingly complex resulting in compounded work burden and longer study cycle times, each fueling runaway costs. The impact of protocol complexity often results in inadequate recruitment and insufficient sample sizes, which challenges validity and generalizability. Understanding the need to provide an alternative model to engage researchers and sponsors and bringing clinical research opportunities to the broader community, clinical research networks (CRN) have been proposed and initiated in the United States and other parts of the world. We report on the Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Network (JHCRN), established in 2009 as a multi‐disease research collaboration between the academic medical centers and community hospitals/health systems. We have discussed vision, governance, infrastructure, participating hospitals' characteristics, and lessons learned in creating this partnership. Designed to leverage organized patient communities, community‐based investigators, and academic researchers, the JHCRN provides expedited research across nine health systems in the mid‐Atlantic region. With one IRB of record, a centralized contracting office, and a pool of dedicated network coordinators, it facilitates research partnerships to expand research collaborations among the differing sizes and types of hospitals/health systems in a region. As of August 2024, total 81 studies‐clinical trials, cohort studies, and comparative effectiveness research have been conducted, with funding from the NIH, private foundations, and industry. The JHCRN experience has enhanced understanding of the complexity of participating sites and associated ambulatory practices. In conclusion, the CRN, as an academic–community partnership, provides an infrastructure for multiple disease studies, shared risk, and increased investigator and volunteer engagement.
Exploring low‐dose glucagon for exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lundemose Sissel Banner , Laugesen Christian , Ranjan Ajenthen Gayathri , Nørgaard Kirsten 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsThis study was designed to compare the effectiveness of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) glucagon dose versus the same total dose split into a dose before and after and placebo (PBO) in preventing exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsTwenty‐two adults with T1D participated in a randomised, single‐blinded, three‐arm crossover study. Participants underwent a 60‐min bout of moderate‐intensity cycle ergometry (~50% HRmax) in fasted state, followed by 2 h of rest. Plasma glucose (PG) concentrations were monitored at 5‐ and 15‐minute intervals. Participants were randomly assigned to receive two separate injections before (t = 0 min) and just after (t = 60 min) exercise: (i) 150 μg s.c. glucagon (G150) before and PBO after; (ii) 75 μg s.c. glucagon (G75*2) before and after; or (iii) PBO before and after. Insulin pump users reduced their basal insulin rate by 50% during cycling.ResultsThe occurrence of hypoglycaemia did not significantly differ between arms (G150: 7, G75*2: 5 and PBO: 6 events, p = 0.078). Mean PG levels throughout the trial were lower in the PBO arm compared to both glucagon arms (G150: 8.6 ± 2.9, G75*2: 8.9 ± 3.4 and PBO: 7.3 ± 2.6 mmol/L, p = 0.015). Time spent with PG in target range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) was higher in the PBO arm versus both glucagon arms (G150: 63.9 ± 38.9%, G75*2: 60.0 ± 34.1% and PBO: 82.7 ± 29.6%, p = 0.005), driven by less time above range (G150: 32.9 ± 41.3%, G75*2: 35.9 ± 36.4% and PBO: 13.2 ± 30.2%, p = 0.007).ConclusionsLow‐dose native glucagon did not offer any advantages in preventing exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in individuals with T1D, regardless of glucagon dosing variations.
Assessment of surface roughness and microbiological retention on custom abutments produced by different techniques and materials
Authors: Selamet Serter Mert , Kumbuloglu Ovul , Sahiner Asli , Ozdemir Guven 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe aims of this study were twofold: first, to investigate the surface roughness of different abutment materials prepared using various manufacturing methods; and, second, to evaluate colonization by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans according to abutment material and manufacturing method. Six material/manufacturing method combinations were investigated in this study, namely chromium–cobalt (Cr–Co) (prepared using casting, milling, and laser sintering) and titanium, zirconia, and anodized titanium (all prepared using milling); titanium (stock) abutments were used as the control group. Surface roughness of seven specimens from each group was evaluated using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Laser‐sintered Cr–Co had the lowest values of Ra (mean ± SD = 4.8 ± 0.8 nm), Rq (mean ± SD = 7.0 ± 1.2 nm), and Rmax (mean ± SD = 133.5 ± 31.7 nm), whereas milled zirconia had the highest values of Ra (mean ± SD = 112.9 ± 44.2 nm), Rq (mean ± SD = 142.8 ± 54.0 nm), and Rmax (mean ± SD = 1,035.7 ± 350.4 nm). Three specimens from each group were infected with S. mutans and three with C. albicans, and microbial counts were evaluated after culture. Colonization of Streptococcus mutans was highest on milled zirconia (mean log10 count ± SD = 5.87 ± 0.08) and lowest on milled Cr–Co (mean log10 count ± SD = 4.04 ± 0.11). For C. albicans, colonization was highest on milled titanium stock (mean log10 count ± SD = 6.62 ± 0.03) and lowest on milled anodized titanium (mean log10 count ± SD = 6.13 ± 0.03). Differences in surface roughness and microbial colonization among groups can aid clinicians in selecting materials based on clinical relevance, considering their potential impact on outcomes.
Connections Across Open Water: A Bi‐Organelle, Genomics‐Scale Assessment of Atlantic‐Wide Population Dynamics in a Pelagic, Endangered Apex Predator Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)
Authors: Bernard Andrea M. , Mehlrose Marissa R. , Finnegan Kimberly A. , Wetherbee Bradley M. , Shivji Mahmood S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLarge‐bodied pelagic sharks are key regulators of oceanic ecosystem stability, but highly impacted by severe overfishing. One such species, the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), a globally widespread, highly migratory predator, has undergone dramatic population reductions and is now Endangered (IUCN Red List), with Atlantic Ocean mako sharks in particular assessed by fishery managers as overfished and in need of urgent, improved management attention. Genomic‐scale population assessments for this apex predator species have not been previously available to inform management planning; thus, we investigated the population genetics of mako sharks across the Atlantic using a bi‐organelle genomics approach. Complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences and genome‐wide SNPs from sharks distributed across the Atlantic revealed contrasting patterns of population structure across marker types. Consistent with this species' long‐distance migratory capabilities, SNPs showed high connectivity and Atlantic panmixia overall. In contrast, there was matrilineal population genetic structure across Northern and Southern Hemispheres, suggesting at least large regional‐scale female philopatry. Linkage disequilibrium network analysis indicated that makos possess a chromosomal inversion that occurs Atlantic wide, a genome feature that may be informative for evolutionary investigations concerning adaptations and the global history of this iconic species. Mitogenome diversity in Atlantic makos was high compared to other elasmobranchs assessed at the mitogenome level, and nuclear diversity was high compared to the two other, highly migratory pelagic shark species assessed with SNPs. These results support management efforts for shortfin makos on at least Northern versus Southern Hemisphere scales to preserve their matrilineal genetic distinctiveness. The overall comparative genetic diversity findings provide a baseline for future comparative assessments and monitoring of genetic diversity, as called for by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, and cautious optimism regarding the health and recovery potential of Atlantic shortfin makos if further population declines can be halted.