bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competencies of nurses to participate in safe medication management practices for biologics: A scoping review
Authors: Li Wansheng , Li Li , Li Linbo , Xiaodong Cardenas , Chen Mudiao , Liu Hongye , Li Peirao 
Published: January 2025

Aim
To review the existing literature relating to nurse competence in safe medication management practices for biologics, identify evidence, and develop a competency framework to clarify the role of nurses in these practices.

Background
With the widespread use of biological agents in disease treatment, ensuring the safe and economical use of high-cost medicines is particularly important. Even though nurses are essential in patient care, detailed knowledge regarding their competence and role in the safe administration of biologics is lacking.

Design and methods
A scoping review was performed following the methodology of Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMA ScR guidelines. Electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched using accepted keywords, and relevant articles were identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
A total of 3,422 studies were retrieved, 24 of which were eligible for inclusion. The required competencies for nurses were summarized into six areas: clinical specialized knowledge, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, safe medication skills, health education skills, communication and coordination skills, and technological literacy.

Conclusion
We provide insights into the competencies of nurses involved in the safe medication management of biologics. These competencies can be used to assess the actual competency level of nurses and facilitate the maximization of biological treatment goals and outcomes. This plays a vital role in optimizing the use of healthcare resources and demonstrating outcomes.
An extension of Wilson's Theorem
Authors: Butov Gennady 
Published: January 2025

The aim of this work is to optimize the existing formula based on Wilson's theorem to reduce themagnitude of the computation results.
Wilson's theorem states: if p is a prime number, then (p − 1)! + 1 is divisible by p.The function (p − 1)! increases very rapidly and reaches huge values.When the values of p are large, the calculations become resource-intensive, so it is necessary to reduce the upper limit of the calculation results.
GDF11 restores the impaired function of EPCs-MA by promoting autophagy: GDF11 ameliorates endothelial progenitor cell aging by promoting autophagy
Authors: Liu Donghua , Zhang Yang , Liu Xin , Huang Qihe , Zhang Xiaofang , Yang Rui , Zhao Yue , Li Penghui , He Jiayi , Zhang Kexiao , Pan Zhenwei , Liu Huiwen , Yang Baofeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Our study aimed to assess the effects of Growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) on the function of endothelial progenitor cells in middle-age individuals (EPCs-MA) isolated from mouse bone marrow and to explore the mechanistic relationship between GDF11 and age-related ALP impairment.

Methods
Bone marrow-derived EPCs were isolated, culture and GDF11 treatment. In vivo, the mice model of myocardial ischemia (MI) was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and mice were randomly divided into MI group and EPCs transplantation group (EPCs-Y, EPCs-MA, EPCs-MA/GDF11). The positive effect of GDF11 treatment of EPCs-MA on MI was verified by echocardiography and the average ratio of fibrotic area to left ventricular (LV) area. In vitro, the effect of GDF11 on ameliorating EPCs aging by promoting autophagy was confirmed by transwell assay, immunofluorescence staining, characterization of EPCs ultrastructure through transmission electron microscope (TEM), lysosome imaging and Western blot.

Result
Our findings demonstrate that GDF11 enhances the migration capacity of EPCs-MA and improves recovery of impaired cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice, with EPCs isolated from young mice (EPCs-Y) as controls. Moreover, GDF11 restored functional phenotypes of EPCs-MA to levels akin to EPCs-Y, promoting the expression of CD31, endogenous NO synthase, and the restoration of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and CDH5 expression patterns, as well as the formation of Weibel-Palade bodies—key organelles for storage and secretion in endothelial cells and EPCs. Furthermore, GDF11 significantly enhanced the autophagic clearance capability of EPCs-MA by promoting ALP.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that GDF11 ameliorates cardiac function impairment by restoring the activities of EPCs from aging mice through enhanced ALP. These findings suggest that GDF11 may hold therapeutic potential for improving aging-related conditions associated with declined autophagy.
Possible explanation for the neutron lifetime puzzle
Authors: Desai Ashish M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The discrepancy in the measured value of neutron lifetime has significance in big-bang nucleosynthesis and testing the accuracy of the standard model. A discrepancy of approximately 10 s still persists between the average value of the neutron lifetime obtained by storing ultracold neutrons in traps and the most accurate method of using neutrons in beams. This discrepancy is thought to be due to an unknown systematic uncertainty in these experiments or the existence of new physics. This article discusses a possible explanation for this discrepancy in neutron lifetime. This neutron lifetime anomaly is likely attributed to an increase in the decay probability caused by multiple elastic collisions between neutrons and between neutrons and trap walls.
Determination of montelukast and non-sedating antihistamine combination in pharmaceutical dosage forms: A review
Authors: Abu Reid Imad Osman , Osman Sayda Mohamed , Bakheet Somia Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Combining non-sedating antihistamines (NSAs) with montelukast (MON) has been found to significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy against daytime and composite nasal symptoms, including rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching. This article reviews the current analytical methods employed for the identification and quantitative determination of MON in combination with NSAs in various marketed formulations. The most commonly used methods for the determination of MON and NSAs in combination are chromatographic methods (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] and thin-layer chromatography) and spectrometry methods (spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry). Recent preferences in the analysis of MON and NSAs in combination samples prove the primacy of HPLC (61%) and confirm the general trends moving toward more sensitive methods, with a higher resolution potential, consumption of small quantities of samples and reagents, and requiring less analysis time.
Concurrent Validity and Reliability of In-Person and Supervised Remote STEADI Fall Risk Assessment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Jasper Amie , Karim Rania , Vitente Arvie C. , Rafael Carmina (Minnie) , Tayag Eleazar , Uy Samuel John M. , Baloy Rodiel K. , Lazaro Rolando 
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose:
Physical therapists play a vital role in preventing and managing falls in older adults. With advancements in digital health and technology, community fall prevention programs need to adopt valid and reliable telehealth-based assessments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the telehealth-based timed up and go (TUG) test, 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST), and four-stage (4-stage) balance test as functional components of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) fall risk assessment.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of community-dwelling older adults. The TUG, 30s-CST, and 4-stage balance test were administered in random order in 1 session in the participant’s own environment. Performance was scored concurrently by an in-person and synchronous telehealth rater. The video recordings of the performances were scored by an asynchronous telehealth rater on days 1 and 30 for inter- and intra-rater reliability. Additionally, participants performed the TUG test twice, using the distance measured by the participant and the distance measured by the in-person rater. To establish the validity of telehealth-based STEADI fall risk assessments, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficient, and 95% limits of agreement were derived. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were established by calculating ICC using a 2-way mixed model. Bland-Altman plots were created for nonsignificant proportional bias tests.

Results and discussion:
Thirty community-dwelling older adults participated. Based on the STEADI algorithm, 13 participants were classified as having a moderate fall risk. A comparison of in-person and synchronous telehealth ratings showed excellent ICCs (0.97-0.99) and relationships (r = 0.94-0.98). Bland-Altman plots were created for all tests except for the 30s-CST (t = −2.168, P = .04). All tests had good to excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.84-1.00) and intra-rater reliability (0.77-1.00). No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that telehealth-administered functional tests in the STEADI fall risk assessment are valid and reliable when technology, environment, camera view, and angle are optimally managed.
Experimental Study on the Axial Compression Performance and Bearing Capacity Calculation Method of Concrete Filled CFRP-PVC Square Tube Column
Authors: Liu Yi , Qiu Qirong , Huang Hongcheng , Yu Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To explore the mechanical characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer–polyvinyl chloride (CFRP-PVC) square tube confined concrete columns, a set of nine specimens was meticulously crafted, varying in parameters such as the quantity of CFRP layers as well as the width and spacing of CFRP strips. Axial compression tests were conducted to gauge the response of the specimens under stress. Detailed observation of the complete failure process yielded crucial parameters including axial load displacement, peak bearing capacity, ductility coefficient, and axial compression stiffness. The results unveiled distinct failure patterns: specimens under strong restraint exhibited tearing failure at the corners of the CFRP-PVC tube, whereas those with weaker restraint experienced buckling failure of the PVC tube. Moreover, adding a greater number of CFRP layers led to a substantial 46.7 % growth in maximum peak bearing capacity, albeit at the cost of a 34.5 % reduction in ductility. Similarly, widening the CFRP strip resulted in a significant 41.8 % boost in maximum peak bearing capacity and a 9.6 % growth in ductility, surpassing those of specimens lacking CFRP. Remarkably, among specimens with equivalent CFRP content, those featuring CFRP strips spaced at 50 mm and with a width of 50 mm showcased superior mechanical properties. The finite element analysis adeptly replicated the observed cracking behavior. Drawing from the experimental findings and established literature calculation methods, a robust method for determining the axial compressive bearing capacity of CFRP-PVC square tube confined concrete columns is proposed.
Brain state-dependent neocortico-hippocampal network dynamics are modulated by postnatal stimuli
Authors: Shinohara Yoshiaki , Koketsu Shinnosuke , Ohno Nobuhiko , Hirase Hajime , Ueki Takatoshi 
Published: January 2025

Neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus discharge synchronously in brain state-dependent manner to transfer information. Published studies have highlighted the temporal coordination of neuronal activities between the hippocampus and a neocortical area, however, how the spatial extent of neocortical activity relates to hippocampal activity remains partially unknown. We imaged mesoscopic neocortical activity while recording hippocampal local field potentials in anesthetized and unanesthetized GCaMP-expressing transgenic mice. We found that neocortical activity elevates around hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWR). SWR-associated neocortical activities occurred predominantly in vision-related regions including visual, retrosplenial and frontal cortex. While pre-SWR neocortical activities were frequently observed in awake and natural sleeping states, post-SWR neocortical activity decreased significantly in the latter. Urethane anesthetized mice also exhibited SWR-correlated calcium elevation, but in longer time scale than observed in natural sleeping mice. During hippocampal theta oscillation states, phase-locked oscillations of calcium activity were observed throughout the entire neocortical areas. In addition, possible environmental effects on neocortico-hippocampal dynamics were assessed in this study by comparing mice reared in ISO (isolated condition) and ENR (enriched environment). In both SWR and theta oscillations, mice reared in ISO exhibited clearer brain state-dependent dynamics than those reared in ENR. Our data demonstrate that the neocortex and hippocampus exhibit heterogeneous activity patterns that characterize brain states, and postnatal experience plays a significant role in modulating these patterns.Significant StatementThe hippocampus is a center for memory formation. However, the memory formed in the hippocampus is not stored forever, but gradually transferred into the cerebral cortex synchronized activities between the neocortex and hippocampus has been hypothesized (for hippocampus-independent memory see (Sutherland and Rudy, 1989)). However, spatio-temporal dynamics between hippocampus and whole neocortical areas remains partially unexplored. We measured cortical calcium activities with hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) simultaneously and found that the activities of widespread neocortical areas are temporally associated with hippocampal EEG. The neocortico-hippocampal dynamics is primarily regulated by animal awake/sleep state. Even if similar EEG patters were observed, temporal dynamics between the neocortex and hippocampus exhibit distinct patterns between awake and sleep period. In addition, animals’ postnatal experience modulates the dynamics.
Characterizing olfactory brain responses in young infants
Authors: Shanahan Laura K , Mithal Leena B , Messina Marci , Office Emma , Wakschlag Lauren , Seed Patrick , Kahnt Thorsten 
Published: January 2025

Odor perception plays a critical role in early human development, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. To investigate these, we presented appetitive and aversive odors to infants of both sexes at one month of age while recording functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and nasal airflow data. Infants slept during odor presentation to allow MRI scanning. We found that odors evoke robust fMRI activity in bilateral olfactory cortex and thalamus, and that fMRI response magnitudes in olfactory cortex differ across odors. However, in contrast with prior work in adults, we did not find compelling evidence that odor stimuli evoke discriminable fMRI activity patterns in olfactory cortex or thalamus using two different multivariate pattern analysis techniques. Finally, the average inhale airflow rate was higher for appetitive odors than aversive odors, which tentatively suggests that infants could modulate their respiration to reflect odor valence. Overall, these results show strong neural responses to odors at this early developmental stage, and highlight nasal airflow as a behavioral metric for assessing odor preference in infants.Significance statementThe sense of smell facilitates several adaptive behaviors in infants (e.g., feeding, soothing), but the brain areas supporting infant olfaction are understudied. Here, we delivered appetitive and aversive odors to sleeping infants during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We show that odors evoke activity in olfactory brain regions and thalamus already at one month of age, and activity levels vary across odors in some of these regions (e.g., piriform cortex, amygdala). However, we did not find strong evidence for pattern-based odor information in the same brain areas. Finally, preliminary nasal airflow findings suggest that infants inhale more vigorously in response to appetitive compared to aversive odors. Taken together, these findings advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of infant olfaction.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A presenting as short stature and congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Kondetimmanahalli Ragini , Lynch Jane , Francis Gary , Gardner Heather , Pillai Radhika 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Short stature is a common complaint among pediatric visits and the differential diagnosis is extensive. Although some variations in growth are normal, deviation from normal growth is often the first symptom of chronic disease in children. This is true for hormone abnormalities including growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism and glucocorticoid excess. However, reduced growth velocity can also occur as the first sign of chronic anemia, malnutrition, deprivation (psychosocial dwarfism), chromosomal abnormalities, genetic syndromes and inflammatory bowel diseases. For the primary care provider, simple measures of standing height, sitting height, arm span, weight, body mass index (BMI) and bone age (BA) will lead to the correct diagnosis in most short children. Screening laboratory studies for endocrine disorders, a skeletal survey if skeletal disproportion is evident, a karyotype or microarray (microarray favored if developmental delay is also present) and genetic testing for monogenic disorders will lead to a specific diagnosis in an additional subset of short children. This case presented a diagnostic dilemma that spanned all these possibilities and served as a focal point for the review of normal growth and growth abnormalities.

Learning points

Variations in growth can be normal variants (constitutional delay of growth and puberty or familial short stature) but deviation from normal growth can also be the first sign of an underlying pathological process.

Measures of standing height, sitting height, arm span, weight, body mass index (BMI) and bone age (BA) will lead to the correct diagnosis in 50–80% of short children.

Screening laboratory studies for endocrine disorders, a skeletal survey if skeletal disproportion is evident, a karyotype or microarray (microarray is favored if developmental delay is also present) and genetic testing will lead to a specific diagnosis in another 35% of short children.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type 1A is due to a mutation in the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein gene. Multiple hormone resistance often affects thyroid-stimulating hormone and, when presenting in the newborn period, can be misdiagnosed as common forms of congenital hypothyroidism.

Molecular testing is an important component of confirming the diagnosis and PHP subtype, which can help guide management.
Adult hypophosphatasia presenting with recurrent acute joint pain
Authors: Yoshida Hayao , Murakami Takaaki , Ogawa Atsubumi , Sunouchi Takashi , Hidaka Naoko , Ito Nobuaki , Murakami Hiromi , Kawasaki Hidenori , Akiyama Tomoyuki , Nakajima Katsumi , Yabe Daisuke , Yamamoto Taizo 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a genetic disorder due to pathological variants in ALPL, the gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALP). HPP is typically associated with bone-related symptoms, such as bone deformity, fractures and bone pain in children, but can appear in adults with symptoms resembling arthritis. A 22-year-old male experienced repeated and severe sudden attacks of joint pain in the elbows and knees. Magnetic resonance imaging and joint ultrasonography showed joint effusions indicating chronic inflammation. Blood biochemical tests revealed a remarkably low serum ALP level, and repeated examination confirmed a sustained low ALP level; urine phosphoethanolamine, plasma inorganic pyrophosphate and plasma pyridoxal-5′-phosphate levels were elevated, raising concern for HPP. While the patient had no history of premature loss of primary teeth, fragility fractures, muscle weakness or abnormalities in growth, genetic testing revealed a likely pathogenic and a pathogenic heterozygous variant in the ALPL gene, i.e., c.979T>C (p.Phe327Leu) and c.1559del (p.Leu520Argfs), confirming HPP. Additional genetic testing of his parents showed a heterozygous c.1559del variant in his father and a heterozygous c.979T>C variant in his mother. A diagnosis of adult HPP due to compound heterozygous mutations was therefore confirmed. Enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa was then introduced; no attacks of arthralgia occurred in the 1-year period since then. This case highlights the possibility of HPP in adults who present clinically with repeated joint symptoms and low serum ALP levels but without bone-related symptoms.

Learning points

A diagnosis of adult HPP without bone-related symptoms can be challenging.

A reduction in tissue-nonspecific ALP activity leads to an accumulation of pyrophosphate in the joints, which can cause arthralgia.

Some cases of adult HPP have arthralgia as the only presenting symptom.

At one-year follow-up, enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa might lead to a reduction in arthralgia attacks due to HPP.
A Bitter Pill: The Ethics of Involuntary Treatment of Adolescents With Severe Eating Disorders
Authors: Riss Valerie , Hartman-Munick Sydney M. , Shubkin Catherine D. , Lahey Tim 
Published: January 2025

Severe eating disorders (EDs) are a common and increasing threat to normal adolescent health and development. Major clinical challenges include longstanding malnutrition potentially complicated by emergent electrolyte disorders and cardiac dysfunction. The care of adolescents with severe EDs can lead to challenging decisions regarding the initiation of involuntary feeding with restraints. After describing a representative case, we present pertinent ethical challenges involved in the use of involuntary feeding with restraints in adolescents with severe EDs. These include the following: (1) the relationship of involuntary feeding with restraints to evolving adolescent autonomy; (2) why weak efficacy evidence should prompt individualization of involuntary treatment decisions; and (3) how unequal access to ED care complicates decision-making regarding involuntary feeding with restraints. To help clinicians characterize whether involuntary feeding with restraints is ethically permissible in a specific adolescent with severe anorexia nervosa (AN), we propose a 3-step decision-making guide that weighs case features such as magnitude of health threats, whether less invasive treatment options have been tried, patient decision-making capacity, prior response to similar therapies, caregiver support for the plan, and the availability of subsequent steps in expert ED care. Decisions to undertake involuntary feeding with restraints in adolescents with severe AN are intrinsically fraught, but this 3-step decision-making guide can help clinicians identify and weigh pertinent ethical tensions effectively and with transparency.