bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halogen‐bonding boosting the high performance X‐ray imaging of organic scintillators
Authors: Chen Hongming , Lin Miao , Zhu Yanan , Zhang Dongwei , Chen Jingru , Wei Qingsong , Yuan Siqi , Liao Yibin , Chen Fuhai , Chen Yong , Lin Meijin , Fang Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganic scintillators with efficient X‐ray excited luminescence are essential for medical diagnostics and security screening. However, achieving excellent organic scintillation materials is challenging due to low X‐ray absorption coefficients and inferior radioluminescence (RL) intensity. Herein, supramolecular interactions are incorporated, particularly halogen bonding, into organic scintillators to enhance their radioluminescence properties. By introducing heavy atoms (X = Cl, Br, I) into 9,10‐bis(4‐pyridyl)anthracene (BPA), the formation of halogen bonding (BPA‐X) enhances their X‐ray absorption coefficient and restricts the molecular vibration and rotation, which boosts their RL intensity. The RL intensity of BPA‐Cl and BPA‐Br fluorochromes increased by over 2 and 6.3 times compared to BPA, respectively. Especially, BPA‐Br exhibits an ultrafast decay time of 8.25 ns and low detection limits of 25.95 ± 2.49 nGy s−1. The flexible film constructed with BPA‐Br exhibited excellent X‐ray imaging capabilities. Furthermore, this approach is also applicable to organic phosphors. The formation of halogen bonding in bromophenyl‐methylpyridinium iodide (PYI) led to a fourfold increase in RL intensity compared to bromophenyl‐methyl‐pyridinium (PY). It suggests that halogen bonding serves as a promising and effective molecular design strategy for the development of high‐performance organic scintillator materials, presenting new opportunities for their applications in radiology and security screening.
Optimizing ZnO–Quantum Dot Interface with Thiol as Ligand Modification for High‐Performance Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jia Siqi , Hu Menglei , Gu Mi , Ma Jingrui , Li Depeng , Xiang Guohong , Liu Pai , Wang Kai , Servati Peyman , Ge Wei Kun , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs the electron transport layer in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), ZnO suffers from excessive electrons that lead to luminescence quenching of the quantum dots (QDs) and charge‐imbalance in QLEDs. Therefore, the interplay between ZnO and QDs requires an in‐depth understanding. In this study, DFT and COSMOSL simulations are employed to investigate the effect of sulfur atoms on ZnO. Based on the simulations, thiol ligands (specifically 2‐hydroxy‐1‐ethanethiol) to modify the ZnO nanocrystals are adopted. This modification alleviates the excess electrons without causing any additional issues in the charge injection in QLEDs. This modification strategy proves to be effective in improving the performance of red‐emitting QLEDs, achieving an external quantum efficiency of over 23% and a remarkably long lifetime T95 of >12 000 h at 1000 cd m−2. Importantly, the relationship between ZnO layers with different electronic properties and their effect on the adjacent QDs through a single QD measurement is investigated. These findings show that the ZnO surface defects and electronic properties can significantly impact the device performance, highlighting the importance of optimizing the ZnO–QD interface, and showcasing a promising ligand strategy for the development of highly efficient QLEDs.
Spatial Effect on the Performance of Carboxylate Anode Materials in Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Jinghao , Li Shi , Wang You , Kim Eric Youngsam , Yang Zhenzhen , Chen Dongchang , Cheng Lei , Luo Chao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping low‐voltage carboxylate anode materials is critical for achieving low‐cost, high‐performance, and sustainable Na‐ion batteries (NIBs). However, the structure design rationale and structure‐performance correlation for organic carboxylates in NIBs remains elusive. Herein, the spatial effect on the performance of carboxylate anode materials is studied by introducing heteroatoms in the conjugation structure and manipulating the positions of carboxylate groups in the aromatic rings. Planar and twisted organic carboxylates are designed and synthesized to gain insight into the impact of geometric structures to the electrochemical performance of carboxylate anodes in NIBs. Among the carboxylates, disodium 2,2’‐bipyridine‐5,5’‐dicarboxylate (2255‐Na) with a planar structure outperforms the others in terms of highest specific capacity (210 mAh g−1), longest cycle life (2000 cycles), and best rate capability (up to 5 A g−1). The cyclic stability and redox mechanism of 2255‐Na in NIBs are exploited by various characterization techniques. Moreover, high‐temperature (up to 100 °C) and all‐organic batteries based on a 2255‐Na anode, a polyaniline (PANI) cathode, and an ether‐based electrolyte are achieved and exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance. Therefore, this work demonstrates that designing organic carboxylates with extended planar conjugation structures is an effective strategy to achieve high‐performance and sustainable NIBs.
A catalog of metrics at source code level for vulnerability prediction: A systematic mapping study
Authors: Codabux Zadia , Zakia Sultana Kazi , Chowdhury Md Naseef‐Ur‐Rahman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIndustry practitioners assess software from a security perspective to reduce the risks of deploying vulnerable software. Besides following security best practice guidelines during the software development life cycle, predicting vulnerability before roll‐out is crucial. Software metrics are popular inputs for vulnerability prediction models. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the source code‐level security metrics presented in the literature. Our systematic mapping study started with 1451 studies obtained by searching the four digital libraries from ACM, IEEE, ScienceDirect, and Springer. After applying our inclusion/exclusion criteria as well as the snowballing technique, we narrowed down 28 studies for an in‐depth study to answer four research questions pertaining to our goal. We extracted a total of 685 code‐level metrics. For each study, we identified the empirical methods, quality measures, types of vulnerabilities of the prediction models, and shortcomings of the work. We found that standard machine learning models, such as decision trees, regressions, and random forests, are most frequently used for vulnerability prediction. The most common quality measures are precision, recall, accuracy, and
‐measure. Based on our findings, we conclude that the list of software metrics for measuring code‐level security is not universal or generic yet. Nonetheless, the results of our study can be used as a starting point for future studies aiming at improving existing security prediction models and a catalog of metrics for vulnerability prediction for software practitioners.
Survival implications of diversion entrainment for out-migrating juvenile Chinook Salmon and steelhead
Authors: Kock Tobias J. , Evans Scott D. , Perry Russell W. , Monk Patrick A. , Porter Michael S. , Hansen Amy C. , Pope Adam C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Efforts to ameliorate the negative effects of diversion dams on aquatic species of concern are important in rivers where water withdrawal supports agricultural economies, and they are likely to become increasingly important with impending climate change. A multi-year study was conducted to evaluate the survival consequences of diversion dam passage for juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss in the highly managed Yakima River, Washington. Canal entrainment and passage were evaluated at four diversion dams in the lower Yakima River where seaward-migrating juvenile salmon and steelhead either pass dams via spill bays or enter canals with downstream fish-screening facilities designed to collect entrained fish and return them to the main-stem river.

Methods
We used acoustic telemetry to monitor the downstream migration behavior of 4403 juvenile Chinook Salmon and steelhead during 2018–2021.

Result
Percent entrainment into canals was substantial (6–59%) at three of the four diversion dams studied, and entrainment probability was positively associated with the proportion of streamflow diverted into canals. Survival probability estimates for groups of tagged fish that were entrained into canals were lower than survival probability estimates for tagged fish that passed through spill bays on the dams. Absolute differences in survival probabilities between routes ranged from 0.099 to 0.369, demonstrating that canal entrainment reduced the survival of outmigrating juvenile Chinook Salmon and steelhead. We also found that entrainment resulted in migration delays, which could further affect survival because fish are increasingly exposed to predation and decreased water quality as water temperature increases throughout the migration season.

Conclusion
Canal entrainment resulted in increased mortality and travel time through the study area, highlighting the need to limit the entrainment of juvenile salmon and steelhead at diversion dams in rivers where salmon recovery is important.
A self‐evaluated predictive model: A Bayesian neural network approach to colorectal cancer diagnosis
Authors: Guo Jie , Wu Zihao , Jia Yin , Cao Hongwei , Qin Qin , Sun Tingting , Zhou Xinru , Pan Xue , Hua Cheng , Mao Chuanbin , Liu Shanrong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence has shown immense potential in cancer prediction, but existing models cannot estimate prediction uncertainty by themselves. Here, we developed a Bayesian neural network (BNN) model, BNN‐CRC15, for colorectal cancer (CRC) prediction while assessing its reliability. The model was trained on routine laboratory data obtained from 27,911 participants and provided quantified prediction uncertainty, allowing identification of a subset of participants in which the model was confident, mimicking the diagnostic process of human practitioners. Our model exhibited superior performance (area under the curve = 0.918) in the confident participant group, which accounted for 46.4% of the patients, indicating that routine laboratory data alone are sufficient for accurate predictions in this subset. For the non‐confident group, further advanced tests, such as colonoscopy, could be recommended to achieve more accurate predictions. In addition, our model demonstrated superior overall accuracy (0.848) in all patients, outperforming other five traditional algorithms (extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, and artificial neural network) and fecal immunochemical test in distinguishing CRC from non‐CRC. These findings suggest that our BNN‐CRC15 model could serve as a valuable tool for improving CRC diagnosis and prevention.
From giant gravitons to black holes
Authors: Choi Sunjin , Kim Seok , Lee Eunwoo , Lee Jehyun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study AdS5 black holes from a recently suggested giant graviton expansion formula for the index of U(N) maximal super-Yang-Mills theory. We compute the large N entropy at fixed charges and giant graviton numbers nI by a saddle point analysis, and further maximize it in nI. This agrees with the dual black hole entropy in the small black hole limit. To get black holes at general sizes, one should note that various giant graviton indices cancel because gauge theory does not suffer from a Hagedorn-like pathology by an infinite baryonic tower. With one assumption on the mechanism of this cancellation, we account for the dual black hole entropy at general sizes. We interpret our results as analytic continuations of the large N free energies of SCFTs, and based on it compute the entropies of AdS4,7 black holes from M5, M2 giant gravitons.
BMS modular covariance and structure constants
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Mondal Saikat , Pal Sanchari , Riegler Max 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2d) field theories invariant under the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra, or 2d BMSFTs in short, are putative holographic duals of Einstein gravity in 3d asymptotically flat spacetimes. When defined on a torus, these field theories come equipped with a modified modular structure. We use the modular covariance of the BMS torus two-point function to develop formulae for different three-point structure constants of the field theory. These structure constants indicate that BMSFTs follow the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, albeit with some interesting changes to usual 2d CFTs. The singularity structures of the structure constants contain information on perturbations of cosmological horizons in 3d asymptotically flat spacetimes, which we show can also be obtained as a limit of BTZ quasinormal modes.
Out-of-time-order correlators and Lyapunov exponents in sparse SYK
Authors: Cáceres Elena , Guglielmo Tyler , Kent Brian , Misobuchi Anderson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We use a combination of analytical and numerical methods to study out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs) in the sparse Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. We find that at a given order of N, the standard result for the q-local, all-to-all SYK, obtained through the sum over ladder diagrams, is corrected by a series in the sparsity parameter, k. We present an algorithm to sum the diagrams at any given order of 1/(kq)n. We also study OTOCs numerically as a function of the sparsity parameter and determine the Lyapunov exponent. We find that numerical stability when extracting the Lyapunov exponent requires averaging over a massive number of realizations. This trade-off between the efficiency of the sparse model and consistent behavior at finite N becomes more significant for larger values of N.
Satisfaction with radiotherapy care among cancer patients treated in Germany—secondary analysis of a large multicenter study
Authors: Fabian Alexander , Rühle Alexander , Domschikowski Justus , Trommer Maike , Wegen Simone , Becker Jan-Niklas , Wurschi Georg , Boeke Simon , Sonnhoff Mathias , Fink Christoph A. , Käsmann Lukas , Schneider Melanie , Bockelmann Elodie , Treppner Martin , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Nicolay Nils H. , Krug David ,   Young DEGRO Group
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patient satisfaction with healthcare has been linked to clinical outcomes and regulatory agencies demand its regular assessment. Therefore, we aimed to investigate patient satisfaction with radiotherapy care and its determinants.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cross-sectional study. Eligible cancer patients anonymously completed questionnaires at the end of a course of radiotherapy. The outcome variable was overall patient satisfaction with radiotherapy care measured with a 10-point Likert scaled single-item. Given patient satisfaction was defined for patients scoring ≥ 8 points. Determinants of given patient satisfaction were assessed by univariable and multivariable analyses. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Out of 2341 eligible patients, 1075 participated (participation rate 46%). Data on patient satisfaction was provided by 1054 patients. There was a right-skewed distribution towards more patient satisfaction (mean = 8.8; SD = 1.68). Given patient satisfaction was reported by 85% (899/1054) of the patients. Univariable analyses revealed significant associations of lower patient satisfaction with tumor entity (rectal cancer), concomitant chemotherapy, inpatient care, treating center, lower income, higher costs, and lower quality of life. Rectal cancer as tumor entity, treating center, and higher quality of life remained significant determinants of patient satisfaction in a multivariable logistic regression.

Conclusion
Overall patient satisfaction with radiotherapy care was high across 11 centers in Germany. Determinants of patient satisfaction were tumor entity, treating center, and quality of life. Although these data are exploratory, they may inform other centers and future efforts to maintain high levels of patient satisfaction with radiotherapy care.
Kind oder Karriere – (k)eine Frage in der Rechtsmedizin?
Authors: Küppers L. , Walz C. , Germerott T. , Ritz-Timme S. , Schwarz C. 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Rechtsmedizin ist ein attraktives medizinisches Fachgebiet mit vielfältigem Aufgabenspektrum. In der frühen Phase der Berufslaufbahn haben Ärzt*innen in der Rechtsmedizin zusätzlich zu einer hohen Arbeitsbelastung mehrere berufliche Zwischenziele zu erreichen, wie den Abschluss der Facharztweiterbildung und die Promotion. Für viele fällt auch die Phase der Familiengründung in diesen Abschnitt. Dadurch könnten sich für Ärzt*innen im Fach Rechtsmedizin beruflich-familiäre Konflikte ergeben.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit war es, derartige Konflikte transparent zu machen und Lösungsstrategien zu entwickeln.

Material und Methoden
Mithilfe der Web-Applikation SoSci-Survey wurde eine Umfrage unter Ärztinnen in der Rechtsmedizin durchgeführt. Da der erste Teil des Fragebogens sich mit den Arbeitsbedingungen schwangerer/stillender Ärztinnen in der Rechtsmedizin befasste, war die Umfrage nur an weibliche Personen gerichtet.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 69 vollständige Datensätze von rechtsmedizinisch tätigen Ärztinnen erhalten. Davon hatten 53,6 % Kinder, 5,8 % waren zum Zeitpunkt der Umfrage schwanger, und 40,6 % hatten weder Kinder noch waren sie schwanger. Nur für 8,7 % der Befragten spielte ein Kinderwunsch gar keine Rolle. Von den Frauen ohne Kinder berichteten 53,6 %, von denen mit Kindern oder aktueller Schwangerschaft 22,0 %, sehr stark/stark zwischen Kinderwunsch und Beruf abgewogen zu haben. Von den Frauen mit Kindern fühlten sich 48,8 % in ihrer wissenschaftlichen Entwicklung und 31,7 % in der Facharztweiterbildung gebremst.

Diskussion
Das Thema „Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie“ ist für Ärzt*innen in der Rechtsmedizin relevant. Für eine gute Vereinbarkeit sind strukturelle und gesellschaftliche Veränderungen erforderlich. Aber auch die Beschäftigten selbst können Einfluss nehmen.
Head-to-head comparison of [11C]methionine PET, [11C]choline PET, and 4-dimensional CT as second-line scans for detection of parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Noltes Milou E. , Kruijff Schelto , Appelman Auke P. A. , Jansen Liesbeth , Zandee Wouter T. , Links Thera P. , van Hemel Bettien M. , Schouw Hugo M. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Francken Anne Brecht , Kelder Wendy , van der Hoorn Anouk , Brouwers Adrienne H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Accurate preoperative localization is imperative to guide surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). It remains unclear which second-line imaging technique is most effective after negative first-line imaging. In this study, we compare the diagnostic effectiveness of [11C]methionine PET/CT, [11C]choline PET/CT, and four dimensional (4D)-CT head-to-head in patients with pHPT, to explore which of these imaging techniques to use as a second-line scan.

Methods
We conducted a powered, prospective, blinded cohort study in patients with biochemically proven pHPT and prior negative or discordant first-line imaging consisting of ultrasonography and 99mTc-sestamibi. All patients underwent [11C]methionine PET/CT, [11C]choline PET/CT, and 4D-CT. At first, all scans were interpreted by a nuclear medicine physician, and a radiologist who were blinded from patient data and all imaging results. Next, a non-blinded scan reading was performed. The scan results were correlated with surgical and histopathological findings. Serum calcium values at least 6 months after surgery were used as gold standard for curation of HPT.

Results
A total of 32 patients were included in the study. With blinded evaluation, [11C]choline PET/CT was positive in 28 patients (88%), [11C]methionine PET/CT in 23 (72%), and 4D-CT in 15 patients (47%), respectively. In total, 30 patients have undergone surgery and 32 parathyroid lesions were histologically confirmed as parathyroid adenomas. Based on the blinded evaluation, lesion-based sensitivity of [11C]choline PET/CT, [11C]methionine PET/CT, and 4D-CT was respectively 85%, 67%, and 39%. The sensitivity of [11C]choline PET/CT differed significantly from that of [11C]methionine PET/CT and 4D-CT (p = 0.031 and p < 0.0005, respectively).

Conclusion
In the setting of pHPT with negative first-line imaging, [11C]choline PET/CT is superior to [11C]methionine PET/CT and 4D-CT in localizing parathyroid adenomas, allowing correct localization in 85% of adenomas. Further studies are needed to determine cost–benefit and efficacy of these scans, including the timing of these scans as first- or second-line imaging techniques.
Iodine density mapping for the diagnosis of acute bowel ischemia using fast kV-switching dual-energy CT
Authors: Xu Jack Junchi , Ulriksen Peter Sommer , Jawad Samir , Rohde Yecatarina Zincuk , Sejer Morten , Achiam Michael Patrick , Resch Timothy Andrew , Lönn Lars , Hansen Kristoffer Lindskov 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of a supplementary color ramped iodine density map compared to virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at 74 keV in the diagnosis of acute bowel ischemia (ABI).

Methods
Data for this study were prospectively gathered and retrospectively evaluated. Patients referred to the Department of Diagnostic Radiology between October 2020 and August 2022 on the suspicion of ABI and underwent surgery < 12 h following fast kV-switching venous phase abdominal dual-energy CT (DECT) were consecutively included. Images were evaluated by two board-certified radiologists and two radiology residents. First round included only 74 keV VMIs resembling conventional 120 kVp images, and the second round included a supplementary iodine density map. Readers were asked to register presence of ABI as well as their confidence in their diagnosis based on a 5-point Likert scale. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each observer with the surgical findings as the gold-standard. McNemar’s and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare registrations and diagnostic confidence across assessment rounds.

Results
A total of 29 patients resulting in 31 DECT scans were included. Fourteen cases of ischemic/necrotic bowel were reported following surgery. Sensitivity and NPV were decreased with the use of supplementary iodine map images compared to 120 kVp-like images without supplementary iodine map images for three of four observers (round 1 range: 71.4–92.9% and 78.0–94.8%; round 2 range: 57.1–78.6% and 70.1–83.3%, respectively), while specificity and PPV were increased for three of four observers (round 1 range: 64.7–94.1% and 67.4–93.1%; round 2 range: 88.2–94.1% and 73.8–91.1%, respectively). However, no significant difference in ABI diagnosis or diagnostic confidence was found (p-value range: 0.07–1.00 and 0.23–0.58, respectively).

Conclusion
No significant difference for the diagnosis of ABI was found using supplementary iodine mapping. Our study may suggest a trend of increased specificity and decreased sensitivity, hence, the use of supplementary iodine mapping should be carefully considered.