bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Jet-Grouted Slab on Excavation: A Case Study
Authors: Prakasa M D A , Hsiung B C B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Jet-grouted slab is a possible solution to reduce the wall deformation induced by the excavation, especially for cases in soft clay. By replacing a layer of a certain thickness of the soft clay inside the excavation fully by chemical or cement grout, it could limit the lateral displacement of the wall to remain the serviceability of the excavation. In this paper, a 16.7 m deep excavation using semi top-down construction method in Taipei was selected to examine the behaviour of the excavation. The jet-grouted slab was adopted in the excavation and then the effectiveness of jet-grouted slab was evaluated. Except the grouted slab, the pit was retained by a 1.2 m thick, 38 m deep reinforcement concrete diaphragm wall with 3-level of steel struts and slabs. A series of finite element analysis was conducted using soft-soil creep and hardening soil with small strain models to carry out after-event predictions and the results were verified by field observation data. It was found that this method could effectively reduce wall deformation up to 33%. Moreover, the enhancement of young’s modulus of the jet-grouted slab does not affect the wall deflection significantly. The jet-grouted slab also was simulated by adopting two different constitutive models namely linear elastic and Mohr-Coulomb (MC) to have a better understanding of the performances by the use of jet-grouted slab. It shows that both constitutive models give similar results.
Mechanical behavior of porous crushable soils: effect of intragranular porosity
Authors: Kurniawan R , Nghia-Nguyen T , Kikumoto M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Soils consisting of porous particles, such as pumice sands and calcareous sands, exhibit unique characteristics due to the presence of intraparticle voids. Although significant impacts of intraparticle voids on mechanical behavior, such as reduced single-particle crushing strength and shear modulus in pumice sands, have been reported, quantifying the intraparticle porosity is still challenging. Therefore, the previous research has primarily focused on macroscopic behavior, overlooking the influence of intra-particle voids. This study proposes an analytical approach to quantify intraparticle voids based on particle porosity and size distribution. Rigorous validation using specific gravity, sieving analysis, and compression tests strengthens the proposed solution. Our approach enhances understanding of the intra-particle void distribution and its impact on soil behavior.
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Monitoring of Groundwater Flow Condition Surround Deep Excavation in Slope Area
Authors: Setiaji W A , Chihping K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Indonesia is a country with lots of mountain and hills, conducting deep excavation around slope areas will affect the groundwater. Deep excavation will change the groundwater table and hydrogeological condition. In order to monitoring the groundwater flow from the deep excavation in slope area, Electrical Resistivity Tomography used to monitoring the area surround the deep excavation project. The resistivity distribution in the area can be determined by knowing the condition of the soil around the deep excavation project through ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography). By utilizing passive ERT, vital parameters, such as porosity and volumetric water content, can be estimated, enabling the calculation of water saturation maps from inverted resistivity values. The resistivity conditions of the soil are continuously monitored, leading to the identification of patterns in soil resistivity movement, and the detection of potential instabilities at the boundaries between areas with varying water saturation levels.
Pile Capacity Checking Tool based on Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing for Instrumented Pile Load Test
Authors: Beddelee A A A M , Mohamad H , Tee B P 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPile load test instrumented using Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing (DOFS) offers a superior ability to assess pile capacity through continuous strain profiles as opposed to the discrete measurement method such as Vibrating Wire Strain gauges. Due to the vast amount of spatial data generated by the sensor, processing the raw data from DOFS is not always straightforward, often done manually with careful interpretation of various factors affecting the measurements. Experts are reconciling with different data processing algorithms to assess pile capacity (t-z curve) from the DOFS data and verify it, leading to a demand for standard practice. Currently, the verification is done by comparing the pile capacity assessed from DOFS data to the analysis from the commercially available numerical software. The software typically requires input parameters such as extensive soil data, structure geometry, and loading intensity. Some of these parameters are limited (due to bureaucracy or trade secrecy) for the pile load test contractor to verify the pile capacity computation. This paper presents a checking tool that has been developed to automate the processes including raw file parsing, initial processes (trimming, positioning, and averaging), and post processes (pile capacity computation and checking). The post processes utilised the simplified Finite Element Method (FEM) to perform the checking which only utilised the DOFS data. In this paper, an application of the developed tool to a DOFS instrumented pile load test in Kuala Lumpur is reported. This exercise provides the information that the tool can be helpful to verify the pile capacity computation from DOFS data with promising performance reliability at 95%.
The Effect of Vertical Ground Motion in Dynamic Analysis for Near Fault Area in Yogyakarta
Authors: Aglia G , Wijaya M , Tamsir P C , Anggoro B W , Rahardjo P P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Indonesia is surrounded by three major tectonic plates which are Indian-Australian, Eurasian and Pacific tectonic plates. Consequently, Indonesia is prone to seismic hazard. Horizontal ground motion has taken a major role in conducting nonlinear time histories analysis or in assessing liquefaction potential. However, for site near fault area, vertical ground motion can be quite significant and cannot be neglected. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of vertical ground motion in the near fault area by conducting dynamic analysis using MIDAS GTS NX. UBC Sand model is employed to model liquifiable material. Standard penetration test, laboratory test and downhole seismic tests are conducted at the site in order to characterize the shear wave velocities and properties of the soil at the area and to determine the thickness of the liquifiable layer. For this paper, two dynamic analyses will be conducted. For first analysis, only horizontal ground motion is applied to the model while in the second analysis, both horizontal and vertical ground motion will be applied. Based on dynamic analysis result, the horizontal surface motion and horizontal surface response spectrum that is propagated using bi-directional time histories will have bigger acceleration if being compared by only using horizontal time histories.
Applicability of Soybean Crude Urease-Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP) Method for Improvement of Expansive Soil
Authors: Khairunnisa Z N , Putra H , Erizal  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Expansive soil is one of the problematic soils that can swell and shrink, causing damage to buildings. Expansive soil needs improvement before being used for buildings. The typical method for expansive soil improvement is mixing soil with additives such as cement, lime, and fly ash. However, mixing additives like cement, lime, and fly ash is not easy to distribute evenly and negatively impacts the environment. Soybean Crude Urease-Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP) is a soil improvement method currently being developed. SCU-CP is easier to apply in the field and more environmentally friendly than the common method. SCU-CP method was proven to impact sandy soil and peat soil significantly, but SCU-CP’s impact on expansive soil still needs to be discovered. This study aims to know the effects of SCU-CP on soil swelling parameters and determine the optimum reagent concentration for expansive soil improvement using SCU-CP. This study used three reagent concentrations (1.0 mol/L, 1.5 mol/L, and 2.0 mol/L) and one control sample (without SCU-CP). The swell percentage decreased by 2 – 3% after SCU-CP treatment, but adding reagent concentration did not significantly reduce the swell ratio. Swell pressure did not decrease after SCU-CP treatment. Swell pressure was only reduced by 7.92 kPa with 1.0 mol/L reagent of SCU-CP, while the other concentration swell pressure tended to be increased. This study’s optimum reagent concentration for expansive soil improvement is 1.0 mol/L.
Heave Analysis of Unreinforced Inclusion Column in Low Sensitivity Soft Clay
Authors: Oetomo James J. , Putra Ade Restu Permana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The ground improvement technique with inclusions, is now widely available and used in Indonesia. Typically, it uses unreinforced concrete/mortar columns, commonly referred as rigid inclusions, for enhancing the composite ground engineering properties. Using this approach, the applied load will be distributed to both the rigid inclusions and in-situ soft soil. On the surface, this technique is analogue to compression-only cast-in-situ deep foundation element (i.e., bored pile), but with different design concept. Nonetheless, when these inclusions are installed in clay soil, either with displacement or semi-displacement method, the installed inclusions may experience heave (similar like driven pile), which is caused by ground deformation in the vicinity of installed inclusions. As these inclusions are not reinforced, mobilizing upward skin friction from excessive heave may develop into an integrity issue, specifically, when the mobilized upward force is larger than the inclusion tensile capacity. This study shows an observed heave on unreinforced inclusion columns. Retrospective soil heave prediction using shallow strain path method (SSPM), is presented. Proposed recommendations for avoiding such issue are discussed.
Expansive Soil Improvement Using Electrochemical Injection
Authors: Rachmansyah A. , Darmiyanti L. , Kusumaningrum R. , Harimurti  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
According to the Geological Map of Indonesia, the distribution of espansive soils in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra and Java, is very large. These soils, which have the mineralogy of illite, kaolite and montmorillonite, are known to have very high growth properties that affect the bearing capacity of the soil. Due to the mineralization nature, swollen soil is easy to retain water during the rainy season, leading to swelling and conversely, it is easy to shrink in summer. Therefore, Indonesia with its hot and rainy season has a great influence on the land expansive. Along with the increase in road construction through the Strategic National Highway Projects, it is likely that the project will be located in the expanded land area. Therefore, it is necessary to have measures to improve the soil to increase the shear strength of the soil. The bearing capacity of the soil can be determined from one of the values of the shear resistance of the soil. West Java is one where there are many types of soil. While this area is included in a national strategic project, namely the construction of the Ja-Pek II toll road. Soil improvement measures are taken to improve soil properties in order to increase the bearing capacity of the soil. Chemical soil electrolysis is an alternative method that can be used, with chemical solutions that are not harmful to the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the improvement in the bearing capacity of swollen soils that were improved by electrochemical spraying by examining one of the soil mechanical properties.
Toxicity and chemical compounds of Piper aduncum fruit extract against storage pest Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Rohimatun  , Aisyah M D N , Puspasari L T , Rusmin D 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInsect pests of rice weevil ofSitophilus oryzaeand cowpea beetles ofCallosobruchus maculatuscan reduce the quality and quantity of stored products. Various alternatives development to control insect pests more safely were necessary. Botanical insecticides can be used as an alternative control because of their several advantages. One of the potential plants as a source for botanical insecticides isPiper aduncum(Piperaceae). This study aimed to determine the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract ofP. aduncumfruit (Ea-Pa) and to assess its toxicity againstS. oryzaeandC. maculatusfemale adults by contact residue. The most abundant chemical compound of Ea-Pa was dillapiol (61.54%). Dillapiol was one compound that might be responsible for the insecticidal properties, as well as ylangene, naphthalene, piperitone, hexadecanoic acid, β-eudesmene, α-cubebene, δ-cadinene, myristicin, cis-vaccenic acid, pregnane steroids, octacosane, pyridine, sitosterol, and caryophyllene. The toxicity assay results showed that the Ea-Pa was more toxic against female adults ofC. maculatusthanS. oryzae. The LC50values for female adults ofS. oryzaeandC. maculatuswere 4.05% and 0.17%, whereas LC95values were 116.40% and 4.95%, respectively. Therefore, the Ea-Pa could be further improved as a natural insecticide to manage pest insects in storage.
Antifeedant and toxicity effect of citronella essential oil against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith larvae
Authors: Saleh S , Pasaru F , Toana M H , Hasriyanty  , Syair M , Wangi A S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Spodoptera frugiperda, often known as the Fall armyworm (FAW), is a new invasive pest that poses a danger to Indonesia’s ability to grow maize. It is advised to use botanical insecticides to control this pest because they are safe for the environment. The purpose of this study is to assess the toxicity of Cymbopogon nardus, also known as citronella essential oil (CEO), and how well it inhibits eating in FAW larvae. At the Plant Protection Laboratory of Tadulako University, the CEO was evaluated on third-instar FAW larvae at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% effect and control. The choice approach was used to test the feeding inhibition. Larval mortality was evaluated at 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours following treatment, and its toxicity was assessed using a probit analysis. Additionally, the morphology and growth of the larvae up until they become pupae were observed. The increased larval mortality and decrease in larval survival till pupae with increase in CEO concentration suggested that CEO had modest antifeedant activity but substantial toxicity to FAW larvae. According to this study, citronella oil has a strong larvicidal impact and may be used as a natural insecticide to suppress FAW.
The leaf rust disease development of hybrid corn on shaded agroecosystem
Authors: Praptana R H , Jauhari S , Samijan  , Setiapermas M N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The research objective was to determine the development of hybrid corn leaf rust disease in shaded agro-ecosystems. The research was carried out in the albasia forest area of Kalices Village, Patehan District, Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia in March-September 2020. Three hybrid corn varieties, namely JH 37, Nasa 29 and Bisi 18, were used as treatments, as well as three levels of shade density, namely 0, 20 and 40%. Observations were made on the incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease at the age of 40, 60 and 80 days after planting (DAP). The incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease were observed by scoring according to the modified 2012 DMRI method. The results showed that all three varieties had been attacked by leaf rust disease since 40 DAP with an incidence of 13.33–56.67% and disease intensity between 12.59–17.41% at all levels of shade density. The leaf rust disease continues to develop in all varieties with an intensity of around 30.00-56.67%. The highest incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease occurred in JH 37 variety at all levels of shade density. The development of leaf rust disease is more influenced by the genetic characteristics of each variety.
Effects of noni leaf (Morinda citrifolia) extract on performance and egg quality of laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Hasanuddin Asriani , Rusdi Rusdi , Mulyati Mulyati , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Sarjuni Sri , Basri Moh , Mustafa Mustafa , Mashudie Ritha Rahayu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One hundred and sixty of laying quail, 12 weeks old, were randomly placed on five treatments and five replicates in eight birds per replicate. They were kept according to the standard management for seven weeks. The basal diet comprised mainly corn, rice bran, soybean, and was mixed at 20% of protein content. Phytobiotic source was the noni extract (MC). Experimental diets were basal diet only (MC0), a basal diet with 0.01% of MC (MC1), a basal diet with 0.02% of MC (MC2), a basal diet with 0.03% of MC (MC3) and a basal diet with 0.04% of MC (MC4). Experimental birds were having free access to the diets and drinking water. The variables were feed intake, daily egg production, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and quality of egg including egg weight, yolk index, albumin index, eggshell thickness and haught unit (HU). Data were analysed using ANOVA and the Duncan test for comparison. The results proved that noni leaf extract supplementation in the quail diet produced a non-significant effect on feed intake, daily egg production, and egg quality (P>0.05), but it improved the eggshell thickness by 4.75% (P<0.05) and elevated the value of HU by 6.5% and improved FCR (P>0.05). In conclusion that noni leaf extract (MC) may improve quail performance, and egg quality by elevating the thickness of the eggshell.
Effect of concentration of banana corm liquid organic fertilizer and dosage of bokashi fertilizer on growth and yield of long bean (Vigna sinensis L.)
Authors: Lasmini S A , Hayati N , Nasir B H , Wahyuni G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research aims to determine the effect of the concentration of corm banana liquid organic fertilizer and doses of chicken manure bokashi on the growth and yield of long bean plants. The research was conducted in Sidera Village Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, from October to December 2021. The research used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the concentration of banana corm liquid organic fertilizer, which consisted of four levels, namely P0 = without liquid organic fertilizer, P1 = 100 ml per L, P2 = 200 ml per L, and P3 = 300 ml per L. The second factor was the dose of bokashi chicken manure, which consisted of 3 levels, K1 = 15 tons per ha, K2 = 20 tons per ha, and K3 = 25 tons per ha. The results showed an interaction between banana corm liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure bokashi. The treatment of banana corm liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 300 ml per L, and bokashi chicken manure at a dose of 25 tons per ha significantly affected plant height, number of leaves and number of pods.
Control of Ceratocystis paradoxa causing point-end rot disease on salak fruit with clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) oil vapour in vitro
Authors: Riska  , Budiyanti Tri , Jumjunidang  , Hadiati Sri , Fauziah Silva , Istianto Mizu , Mansyah Ellina , Idris Herwita 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSalak is an indigenous Indonesian fruit susceptible to point-end rot disease. Disease control during storage is crucial to maintain the quality of the fruit until it reaches consumers. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil vapour in controlling the causal agent of point-end rot on salak. Morphological identification of pathogenic fungi causing point-rot disease was carried out by observing macroscopic and microscopic morphology using a 40x magnification microscope. Genomic DNA amplification of isolates was using Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers 1 and 4. The assay with vapour exposure was using three concentrations (4, 8, and 12 µl) of cinnamon and clove oil, respectively and without essential oil, with four replicates and 3 Petri dishes as treatment units. The parameter was percent of mycelial growth, diameter of colony and fungal viability. The result showed that based on morphological and molecular characterization of the SB1 sample, the pathogen could be classified asC. paradoxa. Clove and cinnamon oil vapours with concentrations ranging from 4 µl can inhibit the growth ofC. paradoxafungi in vitro. The lowest fungal viability was when exposed to clove and cinnamon essential oils with 12 µl and 8 µl, respectively.
Comparative analysis of the quantity of propolis Tetragonula biroi bees based on propolis type and colony origin
Authors: Budiaman  , Sadapotto Andi , Nurfadilla Annisa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Propolis is one of the products produced by Tetragonula biroi bees which comes from resin collected by honey bees from various plants, which mixes with saliva and various enzymes to produce different new resins and bees collect other than resin to build nests with other materials. ingredients taken directly from nature. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of propolis propolis structure, the percentage of propolis waste and residue in nests of T. biroi in South Sulawesi. The data collected was then processed using descriptive methods. The results showed that the average percentage of propolis pillars was 30%, propolis batumen 26%, propolis involucrum 24%, propolis brood cells 6%, propolis pollen pots 4%, and contained in nests in the form of small wooden branches 6%, leaves 2.27 %. The percentage of waste in nests from Bone was 22.43% and a residue percentage of 77.56%, nests from Luwu had an average waste percentage of 19.19% and a percentage of propolis residue 80.8%, then nests from Soppeng had an average waste percentage of 18.92% and a residual percentage propolis 81.06 %.
Protection of agricultural land in realizing sustainable food security
Authors: Silambi Erni Dwita , Ismail Nurwita , Septarini Dina Fitri , Kasim Ramdhan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Protection of agricultural land in realizing sustainable food security Merauke as one of the regencies that has large agricultural land often experiences crop failure due to climate change which can no longer be predicted. If there is a long dry season, agricultural land will become dry because Merauke has agricultural land that relies on rain, and vice versa, if the rainfall is high, it will flood so that agricultural land is damaged. The government’s efforts to realize food security are also threatened along with the widespread conversion of food agricultural land to non-agricultural food which is increasing every year. The research used in this research is normative legal research and empirical legal research The PLPPB Law regulates the protection of agricultural land to ensure national food availability and anticipate changing times and land use needs by various sectors. Efforts to overcome the problem of conversion of food agricultural land are by providing protection and empowerment as well as providing assistance to farmers such as providing seeds, providing free fertilizer, and tools that can be used to expedite the processing of agricultural land and also harvest equipment. Providing cooperatives to accommodate harvests at prices in line with market prices.