bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Clinically Isolated Escherichia coli: An In vitro Study
Authors: Kuriakose Nithyamol , Raj Ananthu , Anil Anju , Azhar M M  , Sathar Sajmi , Anagha S  , Harish Kumar K S  
Published: February 2024

Aim: The aim of present study is to evaluate the comparative antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Education between January 2023 to September 2023.
Methodology: A total of 100 E. coli isolates collected from various diagnostic laboratories were included in the sample population and the prevalence of XDR, MDR, and non MDR isolates among them were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The inhibitory activity of untreated and treated (pH adjusted) suspension of standard strains of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus on E. coli were determined by agar overlay method and the data was statistically analysed using ANOVA single-factor.
Results: The antimicrobial activity was confirmed for untreated and treated suspension of Lactobacillus spp. by measuring the zone of inhibition surrounding E. coli strains spotted on MRS medium but treated suspension exerted greater inhibitory activity than untreated suspensions of both Lactobacillus spp. and among the treated suspension L. rhamnosus exhibit greater inhibitory activity. Statistical analysis of this data using ANOVA single-factor was found to be not significant (P >0.05), that is treated suspension of both L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus has the independent activity against E. coli. While untreated suspensions of both L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus was significant (P =0.03), that is untreated suspension of L. rhamnosus (mean inhibition of 12.19 mm) has greater inhibitory activity than untreated cell cultures of L. acidophilus (mean inhibition of 11.39 mm).
Conclusion: This result, disclosed that even if both Lactobacillus spp. exhibit antimicrobial activity against E. coli, L. rhamnosus showed greater inhibition than L. acidophilus. The study suggested the use probiotic Lactobacillus as a biotherapeutic in antibiotic resistant E. coli infection and should be further studied for their human health benefits.
An aggression machine v. determinants in reactive aggression revisited
Authors: Juujärvi Petri , Kooistra Libbe , Kaartinen Jukka , Pulkkinen Lea 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe relations between reactive aggression, situational cues, and emotion regulation were examined by means of the Pulkkinen Aggression Machine (PAM) task. In the PAM, provocation and response were systematically varied under two conditions: the impulsive aggression condition and the controlled aggression condition. In the impulsive condition, no information about the attacker was provided, while in the controlled condition the attackers were specified in terms of sex, age, and physical strength. The task was administered to 109 children aged 8 to 13 years. Boys (n = 61) and girls (n = 48), as well as subgroups of Adjusted (n = 67) and Maladjusted (n = 26) children were compared. The results confirmed earlier findings showing that there is a strong relationship between attack and response intensity. However, this relationship was consistently modified by the effects of situation and personality‐related variables. This meant that, while for the impulsive condition response intensity was closely tied to stimulus intensity, in the controlled condition this effect was modulated by the characteristics of the opponent: the more equal the opponent the stronger the retaliations displayed. The Maladjusted children reacted more intensively in the impulsive condition and to minor provocation in the controlled condition than the Adjusted children. This suggests that the intensity of the elicited aggression in the Maladjusted group was particularly dependent on contextual rather than internal control. Aggr. Behav. 27:430–445, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Active and Selective Platinum(0)‐Carbene Complexes. Efficient, Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Functionalised Olefins
Authors: Markó István E. , Stérin Sébastien , Buisine Olivier , Berthon Guillaume , Michaud Guillaume , Tinant Bernard , Declercq Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractReadily available N‐heterocyclic platinum‐carbene complexes1are highly efficient catalysts for the regioselective hydrosilylation of alkenes. These novel organometallics tolerate a wide range of functional and protecting groups, can be stored for prolonged periods of time and are particularly active (TON>106).
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles
Authors: Kukula Pavel , Studer Martin , Blaser Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe chemoselective hydrogenation of cinnamonitrile to 3‐phenylallylamine proceeds with up to 80% selectivity at conversions of >90% with Raney cobalt and up to 60% selectivity with Raney nickel catalysts. Best results were obtained with a doped Raney cobalt catalyst (RaCo/Cr/Ni/Fe 2724) in ammonia saturated methanol at 100 °C and 80 bar. Major problems are the formation of hydrocinnamonitrile and of secondary amines, and overreduction to 3‐phenylpropylamine. Important parameters are the catalyst type and composition, the solvent type and the presence and concentration of ammonia. The catalytic system tolerates functional groups like OH, OMe, Cl, CO, but not aromatic nitro groups. Preliminary experiments indicate that other unsaturated nitriles with di‐ or trisubstituted CC bonds are also suitable substrates.
Synthesis, Catalytic Activity in Oxidation Reactions, and Recyclability of Stable Polyoxometalate‐Centred Dendrimers
Authors: Nlate Sylvain , Astruc Didier , Neumann Ronny 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNine‐ and 27‐armed dendrimers with a peroxophosphotungstate core were synthesized by an ionic‐bonding approach and used as air‐stable, recoverable catalysts for oxidation reactions using hydrogen peroxide.
Estimating strategic price response using cointegration analysis: The case of the domestic black and herbal tea industries
Authors: Vickner Steven S. , Davies Stephen P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this article we develop a vector error correction model using weekly, point‐of‐purchase scanner data to investigate multivariate pricing relationships among brands competing in the domestic black and herbal tea industries. Johansen's likelihood ratio test established the prices of Bigelow black tea and Celestial Seasonings herbal tea were cointegrated; hence, the pricing decisions of the largest firms in each respective tea market were not unrelated. The black tea prices of Bigelow and Twining, the two largest firms in the black tea market, were cointegrated as well. The cointegrating vectors, speeds of adjustment, and impulse response function analysis provide unique insights into the direction, magnitude, and speed of price response in these value‐added, agricultural product markets. [EconLit citations: M100, L200, L660] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular‐pathogenetic classification of genetic disorders of the skeleton
Authors: Superti‐Furga Andrea , Bonafé Luisa , Rimoin David L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGenetic disorders of the skeleton (skeletal dysplasias and dysostoses) are a large and disparate group of diseases whose unifying features are malformation, disproportionate growth, and deformation of the skeleton or of individual bones or groups of bones. To cope with the large number of different disorders, the “Nosology and Classification of the Osteochondrodysplasias,” based on clinical and radiographic features, has been designed and revised periodically. Biochemical and molecular features have been partially implemented in the Nosology, but the rapid accumulation of knowledge on genes and proteins cannot be easily merged into the clinical–radiographic classification. We present here, as a complement to the existing Nosology, a classification of genetic disorders of the skeleton based on the structure and function of the causative genes and proteins. This molecular–pathogenetic classification should be helpful in recognizing metabolic and signaling pathways relevant to skeletal development, in pointing out candidate genes and possible therapeutic targets, and more generally in bringing the clinic closer to the basic science laboratory and in promoting research in this field. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: New etiologic developments
Authors: Unger Sheila , Hecht Jacqueline T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) (OMIM#177170) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) are separate but overlapping osteochondrodysplasias. PSACH is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by short‐limb short stature, loose joints, and early‐onset osteoarthropathy. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical and radiographic findings. Only mutations in the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) gene have been reported in PSACH, and all family studies have been consistent with linkage to theCOMPlocus on chromosome 19. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a relatively mild chondrodysplasia but like PSACH, MED causes early‐onset joint degeneration, particularly of the large weight‐bearing joints. Given the clinical similarity between PSACH and MED, it was not surprising that the first MED locus identified was theCOMPgene (EDM1). Mutations causing MED have now been identified in five other genes (COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, DTDST, andMATN3), making MED one of the most genetically heterogeneous disorders. This article reviews the clinical features of PSACH and MED, the known mutations, and the pathogenetic effect ofCOMPmutations on the cartilage extracellular matrix. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A family‐based study of the Cys23Ser 5HT2C serotonin receptor polymorphism in schizophrenia
Authors: Murad I. , Kremer I. , Dobrusin M. , Muhaheed M. , Bannoura I. , Müller D.J. , Schulze T.G. , Reshef A. , Blanaru M. , Gathas S. , Tsenter V. , Rietschel M. , Belmaker R.H. , Maier W. , Ebstein Richard P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe 5HT2C receptor has a high affinity for clozapine, a nontypical neuroleptic, and has therefore been postulated to play a role in mediating negative symptoms and neuroleptic response in schizophrenia. In the current study, the Cys23Ser 5HT2C serotonin receptor polymorphism was examined for linkage to schizophrenia by genotyping 207 nuclear families consisting of both parents and schizophrenic child and using the transmission disequilibrium test to examine possible preferential transmission of these alleles from 68 heterozygous mothers to their ill child. No evidence was obtained for preferential transmission of the Cys23Ser 5HT2C alleles in schizophrenia in either of the two main ethnic groups examined (German and Palestinian Arab) or in the combined cohort (TDT chi‐square = 0.00, NS). © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pregnancy and perinatal complications associated with risks for common psychiatric disorders in a population‐based sample of female twins
Authors: Foley Debra L. , Thacker Leroy R. , Aggen Steven H. , Neale Michael C. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe association between pregnancy and perinatal complications (PPCs) and risks for adult psychiatric disorders other than psychoses has received relatively limited attention. In this study, we aim to characterize the associations between PPCs and risks for anxiety, affective, substance use, and eating disorders in a population‐based sample of twins. Personal interviews were conducted with 1,806 female twin subjects to assess their lifetime history of alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, panic disorder, simple phobias, and social phobias. PPCs were retrospectively assessed at personal interview with the subject's parents. The associations between PPCs and risks for psychiatric disorders are characterized using logistic regression. In this sample of twins, gestational age is associated with a significantly increased risk for anorexia nervosa and pregnancy complications are associated with a significantly increased risk for both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Pregnancy and perinatal complications may be associated with an increased risk for eating disorders in women. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examination of genetic linkage of chromosome 15 to schizophrenia in a large Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study sample*
Authors: Tsuang Debby W. , Skol Andrew D. , Faraone Stephen V. , Bingham Stephen , Young Keith A. , Prabhudesai Sarita , Haverstock Susan L. , Mena Felicitas , Menon A. Shrikumar , Bisset Darren , Pepple John , Sauter Fred , Baldwin Charlene , Weiss David , Collins Joseph , Boehnke Michael , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Tsuang Ming T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPrevious studies have reported genetic linkage evidence for a schizophrenia gene on chromosome 15q. Here, chromosome 15 was examined by genetic linkage analysis using 166 schizophrenia families, each with two or more affected subjects. The families, assembled from multiple centers by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Program, consisted of 392 sampled affected subjects and 216 affected sibling pairs. By DSM‐III‐R criteria, 360 subjects (91.8%) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 32 (8.2%) were classified as schizo‐affective disorder, depressed. Participating families had diverse ethnic backgrounds. The largest single group were northern European American families (n = 62, 37%), but a substantial proportion was African American kindreds (n = 60, 36%). The chromosome 15 markers tested were spaced at intervals of approximately 10 cM over the entire chromosome and 2–5 cM for the region surrounding the α‐7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7). These markers were genotyped and the data analyzed using semiparametric affecteds‐only linkage analysis. In the European American families, there was a maximum Z‐score of 1.65 between markers D15S165 and D15S1010. These markers are within 1 cM from CHRNA‐7, the site previously implicated in schizophrenia. However, there was no evidence for linkage to this region in the African America kindreds. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive processing and properties of styrene–maleic anhydride and poly(tetramethylene ether glycol)
Authors: Bayram G. , Yilmazer U. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe anhydride/hydroxyl‐functionalized blends of styrene–maleic anhydride (SMAH) with poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMEG) in the presence or absence of a hydrated zinc acetate catalyst were produced in a batch mixer and in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. In batch mixing, torque values increased with time as a result of chain‐extension/branching reactions. The reaction products were studied by thermal, mechanical, morphological, and spectroscopic characterization techniques. The glass transition temperature of SMAH was lowered by the addition of PTMEG into the system. Major morphological changes were observed at the initial stages of extrusion. The changes in the screw speed influenced the mechanical properties and morphology of the blends. SMAH/PTMEG blends were brittle due to the glassy nature of SMAH. FTIR analysis of the SMAH/PTMEG system showed carboxylic acid and ester formation in the extrusion experiments. Mechanical property data and FTIR spectra indicated that at 150 rpm chain‐extension/branching reactions were maximized due to ester formation. However, at 220 rpm, a lower extent of ester formation was observed due to the lower residence time in the extruder. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2148–2156, 2002
Thermosetting polyurethanes with water‐swollen and shape memory properties
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhu Chengye , Gu Xuerong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA series of shape memory polyurethanes (SPU) with different component ratio of PEG, MDI, BDO, and crosslinker DEA were synthesized by stepwise polymerization in DMF. WAXD, SAXS, DMTA, and DTA were used to study the microphase structure of SPU. No obvious phase‐separation and crystalline evidence of the PEG soft segment and hard segment were obtained in this work. The water‐swollen ratio increases with both the increasing molecular weight of PEG soft segment and the decreasing density of the chemical crossbonding. All the samples show good thermally stimulated shape memory properties. When the molar ratio of soft segment to hard segment is close, the shape recovery time reduces along with the increasing density of the chemical crossbonding. When the densities of the chemical crossbonding are similar, the shape recovery time reduces with the increasing molecular weight of the PEG soft segment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1504–1512, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10357
Enhanced fracture toughness of epoxy resins with novel amine‐terminated poly(arylene ether sulfone)–carboxylic‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile–poly(arylene ether sulfone) triblock copolymers
Authors: Kim H. R. , Myung B. Y. , Yoon T. H. , Song K. H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAmine‐terminated poly(arylene ether sulfone)–carboxylic‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile–poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PES‐CTBN‐PES) triblock copolymers with controlled molecular weights of 15,000 (15K) or 20,000 (20K) g/mol were synthesized from amine‐terminated PES oligomer and commercial CTBN rubber (CTBN 1300x13). The copolymers were utilized to modify a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin by varying the loading from 5 to 40 wt %. The epoxy resins were cured with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone and subjected to tests for thermal properties, plane strain fracture toughness (KIC), flexural properties, and solvent resistance measurements. The fracture surfaces were analyzed with SEM to elucidate the toughening mechanism. The properties of copolymer‐toughened epoxy resins were compared to those of samples modified by PES/CTBN blends, PES oligomer, or CTBN. The PES‐CTBN‐PES copolymer (20K) showed a KIC of 2.33 MPa m0.5 at 40 wt % loading while maintaining good flexural properties and chemical resistance. However, the epoxy resin modified with a CTBN/8K PES blend (2:1) exhibited lower KIC (1.82 MPa m0.5), lower flexural properties, and poorer thermal properties and solvent resistance compared to the 20K PES‐CTBN‐PES copolymer‐toughened samples. The high fracture toughness with the PES‐CTBN‐PES copolymer is believed to be due to the ductile fracture of the continuous PES‐rich phases, as well as the cavitation of the rubber‐rich phases. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1556–1565, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10390
Elaboration of ion‐exchange membranes with semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks containing poly(vinyl alcohol) as polymer matrix
Authors: Lebrun L. , Da Silva E. , Metayer M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIon‐exchange membranes were prepared with semi‐interpenetrating networks (s‐IPNs) by mixing a film‐forming polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), for the crosslinked matrix and a polyelectrolyte for the specific ion‐exchange property. Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa), poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSH), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were used as anionic polyelectrolytes. Polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly(1,1‐dimethyl‐3,5‐dimethylenepiperidinium chloride) (PDDPCl), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDMACl) were used as cationic polyelectrolytes. Membranes with PVA 60% and polyelectrolyte 40% showed the best compromise among mechanical, homogeneous, and ion‐exchange properties. Gaseous dibromoethane was used as a crosslinking agent to form the PVA network and for efficient entrapment of the polyelectrolyte in the membrane. The crosslinking time (tc) was optimized for each type of membrane and its influence was studied by thermogravimetric analysis of the sample and scanning electron microscopy observations. The best results (large ion‐exchange capacity and small swelling ratio) were obtained for PVA/PAA and PVA/PSSNa/PSSH membranes. Among anion‐exchange membranes, PVA/PEI gave the best permselectivity (low co‐ion leakage) and the highest ion‐exchange capacity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1572–1580, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10420
Effect of hygrothermal aging history on sorption process, swelling, and glass transition temperature in a particle‐filled epoxy‐based adhesive
Authors: Fernández‐García M. , Chiang M. Y. M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe effects of hygrothermal aging history and initial water content on sorption behavior and the physical properties of a commercial particle‐filled epoxy‐based adhesive were studied by the analysis of the water reabsorption process. ATR‐FTIR analysis was performed to characterize the hydrogen bond interactions among the water and either resin or fillers. Swelling behavior and the depression of the glass transition temperature (Tg) under different hygrothermal aging histories were related to the water in the apparent free volume of the adhesive. The results show that the water diffusion of the adhesive is a non‐Fickian process. It is also observed that swelling (which is reversible and consistent with hydrogen bond formation) and the rate of diffusion are not only dependent on the hygrothermal temperature but also the hygrothermal history. In addition, the swelling observed on the reabsorption process does not alter the apparent free volume of this adhesive system, and Tg depression is independent of the final equilibrium water content of the system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1581–1591, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10447
Durable and regenerable antimicrobial textile materials prepared by a continuous grafting process
Authors: Sun Yuyu , Sun Gang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA cyclic‐amine monomer, 3‐allyl‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (ADMH), was grafted onto various textile materials in a continuous finishing process to prepare durable and regenerable antibacterial textiles. Highly efficient radical grafting polymerizations occurred inside or on the surfaces of fibers with the assistance of different initiators. In the finishing process, particular factors such as types and concentrations of radical initiators, drying, and curing conditions were rather important in effecting the final grafts of ADMH on fabrics and were studied carefully. After exposure to chlorine, the grafted hydantoin structures in the samples could be transformed into N‐halamines, which provided powerful, durable, and regenerable antibacterial activities. The influence of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the fabrics on the antibacterial activities was discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1592–1599, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10456
Morphology and mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal– epoxy composites
Authors: Oksman Kristiina , Wallström Lennart , Berglund Lars. A. , Filho Romildo Dias Toledo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPlant fibers are of increasing interest for use in composite materials. They are renewable resources and waste management is easier than with glass fibers. In the present study, longitudinal stiffness and strength as well as morphology of unidirectional sisal–epoxy composites manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) were studied. Horseshoe‐shaped sisal fiber bundles (technical fibers) were nonuniformly distributed in the matrix. In contrast to many wood composites, lumen was not filled by polymer matrix. Technical sisal fibers showed higher effective modulus when included in the composite material than in the technical fiber test (40 GPa as compared with 24 GPa). In contrast, the effective technical fiber strength in the composites was estimated to be around 400 MPa in comparison with a measured technical fiber tensile strength of 550 MPa. Reasons for these phenomena are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2358–2365, 2002