bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kajian Stok Karbon Organik Dan Nitrogen Total Tanah Pada Beberapa Jenis Tanaman Penutup Tanah Di Kebun Kelapa Sawit PT. Perkebunan Nusantara I Kota Langsa
Authors: Alfarizi TM , Khalil Munawar , Yusnizar Yusnizar 
Published: November 2023

Abstrak. Tanaman kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman perkebunan penting dalam sektor pertanian. Masalah utama pertanian di Indonesia saat ini adalah degradasi kesuburan lahan pertanian disebabkan menurunnya kandungan bahan organik tanah. Upaya peningkatan produksi kelapa sawit dilakukan dengan berbagai teknik diantaranya penanaman tanaman penutup tanah (TPT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji stok karbon organik dan nitrogen total tanah pada lahan yang ditanami beberapa jenis tanaman penutup tanah di Kebun Kelapa Sawit PT. Perkebunan Nusantara I Kota Langsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pengamatan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Gampong Pondok Kelapa Kecamatan Langsa Baro Kota Langsa pada koordinat 04o29’16” LU-97o56’38” BT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cadangan karbon pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan tanaman penutup tanah Asystasia gangetica dan Mucuna bracteate lebih tinggi dibandingkan cadangan karbon pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit tanpa tanaman penutup tanah. Jumlah nitrogen tanah pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan tanaman penutup tanah Asystasia gangetica dan Mucuna bracteate lebih tinggi daripada jumlah nitrogen tanah pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit tanpa tanaman penutup tanah. Jenis tanaman penutup tanah Asystasia gangetica menghasilkan nilai karbon organik dan nitrogen total tanah lebih tinggi. Nilai karbon organik dan total nitrogen tanah paling rendah terdapat pada lahan tanpa tanaman penutup tanah. Study of Soil Organic Carbon and Amount Nitrogen Stocks at Several Types of Cover Crop Plants in Oil Palm Plantations PT.Perkebunan Nusantara I Kota LangsaAbstract. Oil palm is an important plantation crop in the agricultural sector. The main problem of agriculture in Indonesia today is the degradation of the fertility of agricultural land. Efforts to increase oil palm production are carried out using various techniques by planting ground cover plants (TPT). The purpose of this study was to examine organic carbon stock and total nitrogen in soils planted with several types of cover crops in the oil palm plantations of PT. Nusantara Plantation I, Langsa City. This study used a descriptive method with field observations and laboratory analysis. The location of this study is in Gampong Pondok Kelapa, Langsa Baro District, Langsa City at coordinates 04o29’16"N-97o56’38"E. The results of this study indicate that the value of organic carbon stock and nitrogen total in land with cover crop Asystasia gangetica and Mucuna bracteate is higher than that of in land without cover crops. Asystasia gangetica provides a higher value of organic carbon stock and total nitrogen than Mocuna bracteate. The value of organic carbon stock and total nitrogen is lowest in land without the cover crops.
Tráfico de armas en Colombia
Authors: Gariglio Damian 
Published: November 2023

El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis de las nuevas dinámicas que toman lugar con relación al tráfico de armas en Colombia, como problema multicausal en sus variadas dimensiones geográficas y sociales. Dicho fenómeno se ve sujeto a una transformación constante como resultado de los cambios que acontecen en relación al conflicto armado y al fenómeno transnacional del crimen organizado. En efecto, la presente investigación busca identificar los incentivos actuales propios del mercado ilegal de armas, al mismo tiempo que se identifican las políticas exitosas de desarme y las soluciones efectivas al tráfico de armamento en Colombia. De esta manera, se busca contribuir a la actualización del estado del arte por medio de un abordaje deductivo, un enfoque cualitativo y datos cuantitativos, con niveles de análisis descriptivos y explicativos.
Kinematics and activation of hamstring muscles during the initial acceleration phase of sprinting in soccer players: A biomechanical investigation
Authors: Le Thiet Van , Kikuchi Yudai , Takabayashi Tomoya , Kikumoto Takanori , Kubo Masayoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sprinting is the most common activity associated with hamstring strain injuries in soccer. However, the potential mechanisms for hamstring strain injuries during the initial acceleration phase of sprinting are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the kinematics and activation of the hamstring muscles in soccer players to clarify the potential mechanism of hamstring strain injury.
Methods
Ten male soccer players with no lower-limb injuries in the past year were recruited for this study. Each participant was instructed to perform a minimum of three successful 15 m sprints. Hamstring kinematics and activations were estimated by employing musculoskeletal modeling and wireless electromyography to define potential injury mechanisms.
Results
During the initial acceleration phase, the hamstring muscles undergo great strain and high activation levels during the late swing and early stance phases. The hamstring muscles experienced great strain and overload during the late swing and foot strike of the running cycle. Additionally, the biceps femoris long head was significantly more stretched than the semimembranosus and semitendinosus (p < 0.01 for semimembranosus and p < 0.05 for semitendinosus).
Conclusion
Based on these results, hamstring injuries are likely to occur during the late swing and early stance of the running cycle, with the biceps femoris long head being more susceptible to injuries than other hamstring muscles.
Mitigating Imported Fuel Dependency in Agricultural Production: Case study of an island nation's vulnerability to global catastrophic risks
Authors: Boyd Matt , Ragnarsson Sam , Terry Simon , Payne Ben , Wilson Nick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A major global catastrophe would likely disrupt trade in liquid fuels. Countries dependent on imported oil products might struggle to sustain industrial agriculture. Island nations importing 100% of refined fuels are particularly vulnerable. Our case study aimed to estimate the agricultural land area and biofuel volumes needed to feed the population of New Zealand in the absence of trade. Results showed that stored diesel would quickly be exhausted with ordinary use (weeks), and even with strict rationing (months). To preserve fuel, we found that farming wheat (requiring as little as 5.4 million liters (L) of diesel per annum), was more fuel-efficient than potatoes (12.3) or dairy (38.7), to feed the national population under a climate-as-usual scenario. In a nuclear winter scenario, with reduced agricultural yields, proportionately greater diesel is needed. The wheat would require 24% of currently grain-cropped land, and the canola crop used as feedstock for the required biofuel would occupy a further 1–7%. Investment in canola biodiesel or renewable diesel refineries could ensure supply for the bare minimum agricultural liquid fuel needs. Were subsequent analysis to favor this option as part of a fuels resilience response, and as a tradeoff for routine food use, expansion in refining and canola cropping before a catastrophe could be encouraged through market mechanisms, direct government investment, or a combination of these. Logistics of scale-up post-catastrophe should also be analyzed. Biodiesel produced would help the nation meet its emissions reduction targets in normal times.
A methodology for the development of functionally graded powder spreading in laser powder bed fusion process using discrete element method
Authors: Choudhury Shakti Swaroop , Annabattula Ratna Kumar , Amirthalingam Murugaiyan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The use of multi-material components offers customization of physical properties, weight reduction, effective thermal management, and the creation of material-compatible buffer components to join two material with ease. These features surpasses the capabilities of single-material compositions.When multiple materials are used, their sharp interfaces can separate and lead to mechanical failure. To prevent this, functionally graded materials with diffuse interfaces can be employed. Functionally graded materials (FGM) possess preferred spatial variation of properties aligned in specific directions. However, producing complex FGM components through conventional methods is challenging, as the conventional manufacturing methods are part and tool-specific. Components made using additive manufacturing, such as powder bed fusion (PBF), can create functionally graded materials (FGM) with intricate geometric features and precision at the micron scale. This opens up new avenues for innovative design possibilities with FGM components. The methodologies developed to create FGM by PBF are still in their infancy and require further attention to realise defect-free components. By employing high-fidelity mathematical models, new methodologies can be developed and minimise expensive trial-and-error experimental development strategies.The discrete element method (DEM) is a suitable numerical approach for modelling discontinuous media, such as powder particles in PBF. In this study, a spreading procedure in a powder bed fusion process is developed so that the desired distribution of material composition can be obtained before laser melting. A partition-based approach is adapted to achieve functional gradation along the spreading direction. The role of recoater speed on the evolution of the distribution of the material was studied through a parameter called gradation index (GI). A unique experimental setup was developed to analyse the prediction of the developed model. Results show that an angular partition at the dispenser can generate a customised functionally graded spreading in the build platform, and the obtained graded spreading is found to vary as a function of the recoater speed, partition angle, and spread layer thickness.
Protocol for a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of PRoGRAM-A (Preventing gambling related harm in adolescents): a secondary school based social network intervention
Authors: Dobbie Fiona , Miller Martine , Wardle Heather , Dahlby Lucia , Weir Christopher , Niven Angela , Stoddart Andrew , Griffiths David , Noble Leon , White James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
In the UK, recent evidence of young people and gambling indicates a higher prevalence of gambling in comparison to other addictive behaviours. Engaging in gambling-related behaviour at a young age is associated with short and long-term consequences, including financial, emotional, academic, interpersonal, and physical and mental health detriments; otherwise known as gambling related harms (GRH). Given the unique vulnerability of this younger group, early interventions aimed at delaying or preventing gambling are critical. PRoGRAM-A (Preventing Gambling Related Harm in Adolescents) is a school based, social network intervention to protect young people from future GRH, by delaying or preventing gambling experimentation.
Methods
Pilot cluster RCT with an embedded a process evaluation and health economic scoping study.
Participants
PRoGRAM-A will be delivered in four schools, with two control schools acting as a comparator. All are secondary schools in Scotland. Baseline surveys conducted with students in S3 (ages 13–14). Follow-up surveys conducted with the same cohort, six months post-baseline..
Intervention
PRoGRAM-A trainers will deliver a two-day, out-of-school training workshop to Peer supporters. Peer supporters will be nominated by peers among their school year group (S3, age 13–14). Workshops will provide peer supporters with information on four gambling-related topics: 1) what is gambling? 2) gambling and gaming 3) gambling marketing 4) identifying harm and reducing risk. Peer supporters will disseminate the information (message diffusion) they have learned among their friends and family over a 10 week period. After the two-day workshop, PRoGRAM-A trainers will conduct x3 in-school follow-up sessions with peer supporters to offer support, encouragement and advice to Peer Supporters as well as monitor and explore the extent of their message diffusion.
Trial registration
Researchregistry8699. Registered 21st February 2023.
Human brain single nucleus cell type enrichments in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Alvarado Chelsea X , Weller Cory A. , Johnson Nicholas , Leonard Hampton L. , Singleton Andrew B. , Reed Xylena , Blauewendraat Cornelis , Nalls Mike A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing has opened a window into clarifying the complex underpinnings of disease, particularly in quantifying the relevance of tissue- and cell-type-specific gene expression.
Methods:To identify the cell types and genes important to therapeutic target development across the neurodegenerative disease spectrum, we leveraged genome-wide association studies, recent single-cell sequencing data, and bulk expression studies in a diverse series of brain region tissues.
Results: We were able to identify significant immune-related cell types in the brain across three major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. Subsequently, putative roles of 30 fine-mapped loci implicating seven genes in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and their pathogenesis were identified.
Conclusions: We have helped refine the genetic regions and cell types effected across multiple neurodegenerative diseases, helping focus future translational research efforts.
RETRACTED: Assessment of Soil chemical properties of traditional and conventional farming practices in legume based cropping systems under mid- hills of H.P. Himalayas
Authors: Rana Navjot , Kumar Rameshwar , . Punam , Sharma R.P. , Manuja Sandeep , Pareek Bheem , Kumar Sarwan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Rapid evolution bacteria reveal pathogenic mechanisms and clinical risk
Authors: Sato Toyotaka , Uemura Kojiro , Aoki Kotaro , Yamamoto Soh , Ogasawara Noriko , Saito Atsushi , Wada Takayuki , Kuronuma Koji , Nakajima Chie , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Horiuchi Motohiro , Chiba Hirofumi , Takahashi Satoshi , Yokota Shin-ichi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bacteria continually evolve, as postulated in Darwin’s theory of evolution1-3. Previous studies have evaluated bacterial evolution in retrospect, but this approach is based on only speculation4-6. Cohort studies are reliable but require a long duration7-11. Here, using hypermutable strains, we established a rapid and integrated bacterial evolution analysis, RIBEA, based on serial passaging experiments, whole-genome and transposon-directed sequencing, and in vivo evaluation to monitor bacterial evolution for one month in a cohort. RIBEA enabled the elucidation of the mechanism of clinical progression and the potential clinical risk associated with the development of invasive ability and antimicrobial resistance in the major respiratory pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae12. RIBEA also revealed novel bacterial factors (via the identification of gene mutations that occurred during evolution) contributing to serum and antimicrobial resistance. Our results demonstrate that RIBEA enables the prediction of bacterial evolution and identification of clinically high-risk bacterial strains, clarifying the associated mechanisms of pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance development.
Simultaneous assessment of somatic mutations from multiple biofluids
Authors: Diaz Luis , Stewart Caitlin , Li Sonya , White James , Patel Mitesh , Gedvilaite Erika , Lamendola-Essel Michelle , Gerber Drew , Bhattacharya Rohini , Haseltine Justin , Huberman Kety , Bolton Kelly , Levine Ross 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Measurements of somatic mutations in biofluids (“liquid biopsies”) provide valuable clinical and biological insights. A mutational profile predominant in liquid biopsies is clonal hematopoiesis (CH), a condition resulting from mutations in genes which contribute to leukemia initiation. We hypothesized that mutational processes detected in liquid biopsies, such as CH, would differ across multiple biological specimens from the same patient and lead to novel technical and biological insights.
Comparative Analysis of Biodegradation Resistance in Natural Geotextile Fibers
Authors: Santos Luiz Diego Vidal , Holanda Francisco Sandro Rodrigues , Oliveira Willyan Farias , Silva Emersson Guedes , Sussuchi Eliana Midori , Pedrotti Alceu , Griza Sandro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of natural geotextile fibers - Syagrus coronata, Typha domingensis, and Eleocharis sp., under environmental stressors over a period of 120 days. A total of 24 samples, measuring 7 cm in length, were selected for field exposure, comprising geotextile fibers derived from the cited species. Most samples underwent treatment with waterproofing resin at two concentrations: 0.324 mg/mL for a single layer (concentration A) and 0.648 mg/mL for a double layer (concentration B). Control samples were left untreated. Fracture analysis was conducted using digital processing of scanning electron microscopy images. The results revealed variable resistance to degradation, influenced by different treatments and exposure durations. Notably, Typha domingensis fibers treated with concentration B resin exhibited reduced cracking, attributable to their unique morphological and structural characteristics and their interaction with the protective resin, Eleocharis sp. fibers treated with a double layer (concentration B) demonstrated superior resistance to degradation compared to concentration A. On the other hand, no significant difference between treatments was observed in Syagrus coronata fibers, which nonetheless exhibited inherent resistance to degradation even without treatment. Typha domingensis fibers demonstrated superior physical performance compared to other fibers, which can be attributed to their inherent morphological and structural characteristics as well as their intrinsic composition. These findings underscore the importance of additives and protective treatments in enhancing the durability and resistance of geotextiles.
Preoperative reduced hand grip strength and oral frailty as a predictor of disability in the elderly following hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery
Authors: Tsukagoshi Mariko , Araki Kenichiro , Igarashi Takamichi , Ishii Norihiro , Kawai Shunsuke , Hagiwara Kei , Hoshino Kouki , Seki Takaomi , Harimoto Norifumi , Shirabe Ken 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of preoperative assessment of frailty in elderly patients using a self-check questionnaire and hand grip strength assessment on surgical outcomes and disability after hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data of 150 elderly patients (≥ 70 years) following hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery for malignancies between June 2020 and June 2022. Disability was defined as a new need for long-term health care or an increase in the level of care within six months after surgery. We assessed frailty using the frailty checkup introduced by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare to check the state of frailty.
Results
The incidence of disability was significantly correlated with reduced grip strength (P = 0.001), difficulty eating hard foods (P = 0.004), and falling (P = 0.049). Multivariate analysis showed that difficulty eating hard foods (P = 0.016), oral frailty, and reduced hand grip strength (P = 0.007) were independent risk factors for the incidence of postoperative disability. Patients at risk of reduced hand grip strength and difficulty eating hard foods showed significantly lower albumin and zinc levels. Furthermore, patients with both risks were significantly associated with increased postoperative complications (P = 0.026), prolonged postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.015), increased hospital transfer (P < .001), and the incidence of disability (P < .001).
Conclusion
Oral frailty and reduced handgrip strength may be useful screening tools for predicting postoperative disability in patients undergoing hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery.
Investigating the effects of boron compounds on the cellulose fiber performance in paper recycling process
Authors: Şahin Halil Turgut , Bozkurt Cihan , Çiçekler Mustafa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of boron compounds on cellulose fibers during recycling. Three recycling stages were conducted, applying boric acid and borax to bleached papers. Physical, mechanical, and optical properties were measured after each process. The highest water absorption (218 g/m2) was observed in test papers from the second recycling stage using 10% borax-treated pulps (10Bx2). Boric acid treatment notably improved burst strength, with the highest value (3.94 kPa m2/g) in the first recycling stage with 5.0% boric acid treatment (5Ba1). The highest tensile strength (49.48 Nm/g) occurred in the first recycling stage with 5.0% boric acid treatment, while the lowest (17.41 Nm/g) was in the second recycling stage (5Bx2) with 5.0% borax treatment. Tear strength exhibited different trends from burst and tensile strength, with notable improvements using 5.0% and 10% boric acid and 10% borax treatments on recovered cellulose fibers. The highest tear strength (9.20 Nm2/g) was achieved with 5.0% boric acid treatment (5Ba2) in the second recycling stage, followed by 8.21 Nm2/g with 10% boric acid treatment (10Ba1) in the first recycling stage. Tear strength trends differed from burst and tensile strength properties, regardless of treatment conditions.
Age-Specific Pattern of Nutritional Status by BMI, PG-SGA, and Blood Biomarkers among Cancer Patients
Authors: Shi Hanping , Li Shuqun , Li Xiang-Rui , Chen Yue , Liu Chen-An , Zheng Xin , Liu Tong , Xie Hailun , Lin Shiqi , Zhang Heyang , Shi Jinyu , Zhao Hong , Liu Xiao-yue , Xu Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Malnutrition is highly prevalent among cancer patients but receives little attention. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the nutritional status of 15,656 adult cancer patients by different age groups, sex, and cancer types, using three complementary measurements: body mass index (BMI), the Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), and blood biomarkers.
Methods
Data were obtained from the multicentered Investigation on Nutrition Status and its Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) project in China. Participants aged 18 years or older, with confirmed cancer diagnoses, were included. Nutritional assessment measures included BMI, the PG-SGA, and seven blood biomarkers. Age-specific patterns in these parameters were analyzed, and further stratified by sex and cancer types.
Results
The mean age was 57.4 years (SD = 11.6). Age-related variations in nutritional parameters were observed. BMI and PG-SGA scores exhibited bell-shaped patterns by age that varied by sex and tumor types. PG-SGA scores increased with age, especially in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Blood biomarkers showed an inverse association with age for total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin levels, while creatinine increased with age. White blood cell (WBC) counts remained relatively stable across age, while NLR increased with age, indicating immune imbalance or inflammation.
Conclusion
This is the first study to simultaneously assess three complementary nutritional measures among Chinese cancer patients. Our findings highlight the importance of considering age, sex, and cancer type in assessing nutritional status among cancer patients. If confirmed by future studies, these findings will help inform the design of personalized nutritional interventions to optimize nutrition and improve cancer treatment and prognosis.