bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity in US Workers: The National Health Interview Survey, 1986 to 2002
Authors: Caban Alberto J. , Lee David J. , Fleming Lora E. , Gómez-Marín Orlando , LeBlanc William , Pitman Terry 
Published: July 2005

Objectives. Obesity has emerged as one of the most important public health issues in the United States. We assessed obesity prevalence rates and their trends among major US occupational groups. Methods. Self-reported weight and height were collected annually on US workers, aged 18 years or older, from the 1986 to 1995 and the 1997 to 2002 National Health Interview Surveys. Overall, occupation-, race-, and gender-specific rates of obesity (defined as a body mass index>30.0 kg/m2) were calculated with data pooled from both study periods (n>600000). Annual occupation-specific prevalence rates were also calculated, and their time trends were assessed. Results. Obesity rates increased significantly over time among employed workers, irrespective of race and gender. The average yearly change increased from 0.61% (±.04) during the period from 1986 to 1995 to 0.95% (±.11) during the period from 1997 to 2002. Average obesity prevalence rates and corresponding trends varied considerably across occupational groups; pooled obesity prevalence rates were highest in motor vehicle operators (31.7% in men; 31.0% in women). Conclusions. Weight loss intervention programs targeting workers employed in occupational groups with high or increasing rates of obesity are urgently needed.
Trends in Obesity and Arthritis Among Baby Boomers and Their Predecessors, 1971–2002
Authors: Leveille Suzanne G. , Wee Christina C. , Iezzoni Lisa I. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives. We examined trends in obesity and arthritis prevalence among the “baby boom” (born 1946–1965) and “silent” (born 1926–1945) generations. Methods. We conducted birth cohort analyses using successive waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971–2002). Results. Obesity rates increased markedly, beginning earlier in life with each successive birth cohort. When the members of the silent generation were aged 35–44 years, 14%–18% were obese. At comparable ages, 28%–32% of the youngest baby boomers were obese. Differences in arthritis prevalence were not evident across birth cohorts. However, the relative risk of arthritis because of obesity increased over time; consequently, the percentage of arthritis cases attributable to obesity increased from 3% to 18% between 1971 and 2002. Conclusions. Our results showed that members of the baby boom generation were more obese, and became so at younger ages than their predecessors. Although differences in arthritis prevalence are not yet evident, findings suggest that obesity has contributed to more cases of arthritis in recent years than in previous decades.
Analysis of NF1 transcriptional regulatory elements
Authors: Lee Tsz Kin (Bernard) , Friedman J.M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMutations of the NF1 locus cause neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), a clinically variable autosomal dominant disease. Expression of neurofibromin, the protein product of the NF1 gene, is regulated in a tissue‐ and developmentally‐specific fashion, but the basis for this regulation is not understood. We used phylogenetic footprinting and other bioinformatic methods to identify potential transcriptional regulatory regions in the 5′ upstream region and intron 1 of the NF1 gene from human, mouse, rat, and pufferfish. Three genomic segments that have equal or higher homology than the coding region were found in the NF1 5′ upstream region, and four more very highly homologous regions were found in intron 1. Five of these highly homologous regions are confidently predicted to contain transcription factor binding sites. One highly homologous segment in the 5′ upstream region spans the transcription start site and contains several potential transcription factor binding sites. This segment includes a novel 24‐bp sequence (acttccggtggggtgtcatggcgg) that lies 310–333 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. This sequence, which is identical in human, mouse, and rat and differs by only 1‐bp in Fugu, may contain the core promoter element for NF1 transcription. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Cucurbit[n]uril Family
Authors: Lagona Jason , Mukhopadhyay Pritam , Chakrabarti Sriparna , Isaacs Lyle 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn 1981, the macrocyclic methylene‐bridged glycoluril hexamer (CB[6]) was dubbed “cucurbituril” by Mock and co‐workers because of its resemblance to the most prominent member of the cucurbitaceae family of plants—the pumpkin. In the intervening years, the fundamental binding properties of CB[6]—high affinity, highly selective, and constrictive binding interactions—have been delineated by the pioneering work of the research groups of Mock, Kim, and Buschmann, and has led to their applications in waste‐water remediation, as artificial enzymes, and as molecular switches. More recently, the cucurbit[n]uril family has grown to include homologues (CB[5]–CB[10]), derivatives, congeners, and analogues whose sizes span and exceed the range available with the α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrins. Their shapes, solubility, and chemical functionality may now be tailored by synthetic chemistry to play a central role in molecular recognition, self‐assembly, and nanotechnology. This Review focuses on the synthesis, recognition properties, and applications of these unique macrocycles.
Preparation and surface activity of biodegradable polymeric surfactants. I. Preparation and surface activity of dextrin derivatives
Authors: Wang Hong‐Jung , Chen Keng‐Ming 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNovel dextrin derivative surfactants containing a modified glucoside structure have been prepared in which propylene glycol polyglucosides are reacted with a hydrophobic oxirane‐containing material of glycidyl ether with C10–C18 carbon atoms. These surfactants exhibit good surface activities, including surface tension, low foaming, and wetting power. These surfactants also have a good ability to improve the whiteness and wetting power of cotton fabrics in a hydrogen oxide bleaching system. The benefits of these dextrin derivative surfactants are their highly biodegradable properties, which are lacking in traditional surfactants.
Effect of thermal treatments on the yielding of polycarbonate
Authors: Kontou E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTwo different thermal treatments were applied to polycarbonate (PC) in terms of slow cooling (annealed samples) after a thermal treatment at a temperature above the glass‐transition temperature or abrupt cooling in a liquid‐nitrogen environment (quenched samples). Tensile and compression experiments were performed on the two types of samples at three different effective strain rates. A viscoplastic model based on the fundamental assumptions of the Eyring model and on a kinematic formulation, which separated the viscoelastic and plastic strain, developed in previous works, was used to describe the yield and postyield behavior of thermally treated PC. The different thermal treatments affected the parameters of the material microstructure. A satisfactory agreement between the experimental data and calculated results was found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 796–805, 2005
Preparation of poly(vinyl acetate) latex with ultrasonic and redox initiation
Authors: Bahattab Mohammed A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe high water solubility of vinyl acetate (VAc) monomer increases the need for a good initiator system to speed up the polymerization and remove unreacted monomers. Ultrasonic energy can be used to initiate VAc redox emulsion polymerization in the absence of an inert gas and with sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant. Combining ultrasonic energy and a redox initiator at the ambient temperature leads to a higher conversion and higher rate of polymer production in comparison with just using a redox initiator. Ultrasonic energy plays an important role in synthesizing and controlling the polymer structure. The particle size distribution is an important variable in the formulation of latex paint. Ultrasonic energy has an effect on the particle size distribution and average molecular weight of VAc polymer. The particle size increases with an increase in the monomer conversion for ultrasonic polymerization, whereas the particle size stays constant with the monomer conversion for redox polymerization. An ultrasonic polymer has a broader particle size distribution than a redox polymer. The average molecular weight of poly(vinyl acetate) falls with an increase in the sonication time, whereas it increases with time for a redox polymer. Ultrasonic energy also produces a stable, milky white, opaque latex. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 812–817, 2005
Synthesis of polycarbonate‐silica nanocomposites from copolymerization of CO2 with allyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, and sol‐gel
Authors: Tan Chung‐Sung , Kuo Ting‐Wu 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe copolymerization of carbon dioxide, allyl glycidyl ether, and cyclohexene oxide catalyzed by the system consisting of Y(CF3CO2)3, Zn(Et)2, and pyrogallol in the solvent of 1, 3‐dioxolane was performed in this study. The IR, 1H NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectra, as well as the elemental analysis, indicated that the resulting copolymer was an alternating polycarbonate possessing more than 90% of carbonate units. The molecular weight could be as high as 1.5 × 105, and the polydispersity index was 4.5. The resultant polycarbonate was found to effectively react with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate via a free radical reaction to result in a precursor used in the sol‐gel process to synthesize a polycarbonate‐silica nanocomposite. The nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, 29Si NMR, TGA, DSC, and UV–Vis. Silica particles with size less than 100 nm were found to disperse uniformly in the nanocomposites. It was also found that the thermal properties were dependent on the content of cyclohexene carbonate units. Both the thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant nanocomposites could be adjusted with silica content, while the transparency was comparable to the base copolymer even at high silica contents. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 750–757, 2005
Enhancing mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) blown films by drawing and surface crosslinking
Authors: Li Li , Wang Qi , Wang Ru 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThermal blowing of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film was successfully realized based on molecular complexation. Ways to enhance the performance of the PVA blown films (drawing and surface crosslinking) were studied. The experimental results showed that water exists in PVA films in different states through hydrogen bonds with PVA and other modifiers and influences the drawability of PVA films, as well as the structure and properties of the stretched films. When the initial water content of the film was higher than 35.0%, the draw ratio of the PVA film was quite large because of the effects of the bound water with PVA, as well as the plasticization of free water. With the increase of the initial water content in PVA, the free water content and draw ratio of the films increased but the strength of the films decreased because of the higher residual water in the films. Surface crosslinking can improve the stretchability of PVA films because more water remains in the films and disrupts the hydrogen bonding of PVA. In addition, crosslinking enhances the mechanical properties of stretched PVA films. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 774–779, 2005
Variation in physical and mechanical properties with coating thickness in epoxy–diamine–aluminum system
Authors: Goyanes S. N. , Saavedra F. , Roncaglia A. J. , Rubiolo G. H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe mechanical properties and glass‐transition temperature within different thickness organic coatings made of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin and 3‐aminomethyl‐3,5,5‐trimethylcyclohexylamine hardener are determined. The coatings are deposited on aluminum alloy (1050) substrates after degreasing. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiments are carried out on debonded coatings before and after the material from the opposed surface to the polymer/metal interface is removed by polishing. The results clearly show that the values of the physical and mechanical properties in those coatings depend on their thickness, but there is no gradient of properties within such coatings. Therefore, at a given thickness, those properties are homogeneous within the coating. To gain a better fundamental understanding of this behavior, a qualitative model involving the chemical reactions that take place at the epoxy/metal interface and the related diffusion phenomena is given. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 891–895, 2005
Cotton fabric graft copolymerization using microwave plasma. II. Physical properties
Authors: Abidi Noureddine , Hequet Eric 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMicrowave plasma treatments were applied to lightweight cotton fabric with oxygen, nitrogen, and argon at various microwave power levels and exposure times. The results showed significant effects from the type of plasma, microwave power, and treatment time on the fabric weight loss. Oxygen plasma treatment generates higher weight loss than argon plasma and nitrogen plasma. The breaking strength of the treated fabric was affected mainly by longer exposure time to the plasma. The active centers created within the cellulose macromolecules were used to initiate copolymerization reactions with the vinyl laurate monomer [CH3(CH2)10COOCHCH2]. The grafted cotton fabric showed excellent water repellency properties. Repeated home laundering of the treated cotton fabrics revealed no significant effect on the water contact angle or on the quantity of grafted vinyl laurate monomer as determined by universal attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR, demonstrating the good durability of the treatment that was applied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 896–902, 2005
Study on the melt fracture of metallocene poly(ethylene‐octene) in capillary flow
Authors: Tao Zhenghong , Huang Jan‐Chan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractShear viscosity and melt fracture of a metallocene poly(ethylene‐octene) were studied using a capillary rheometer and dies with different lengths. The true wall shear stresses determined at zero die length showed a dip at high shear rates. The shear viscosity was derived from the true wall shear stress. With increasing shear rates, the extrudate staged from smooth to three types of melt fracture with regular patterns, and then turned into irregular shapes. Three types of regular melt fractures—sharkskin, helix, and spiral (in sequence)—were observed with an increase of the shear rates. The wavelength of the regular melt fracture was measured from extrudates, and the corresponding frequency was calculated. The frequency increased at elevated melt temperatures. Both shear viscosity and frequency at different temperatures correlated well by using the time–temperature Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) superposition. Additionally, it was found that the frequency decreased slightly for a longer die but it increased when the shear rate went up. Three frequency functions were associated with three melt fracture patterns, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 903–911, 2005
Amplified spontaneous emission of Eu(DBM)3Phen doped step‐index polymer optical fiber by end‐pumping with a YAG
Authors: Liang Hao , Chen Biao , Zhang Qijin , Zheng Zhiqiang , Ming Hai , Guo Fuquan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEu(DBM)3Phen doped poly(methyl methacrylate) core step‐index polymer optical fiber (SI POF) has been fabricated and related properties of the doping material were discussed. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at 613 nm of a SI POF with 40 cm length has been observed at ambient temperature by end‐pumping with a YAG at 355 nm. The threshold of the absorbed pump power for the onset of ASE is about 0.01 mJ. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 912–916, 2005
Modulation of inflammation by kininogen deficiency in a rat model of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Sainz Irma M. , Isordia‐Salas Irma , Castaneda Julian L. , Agelan Alexis , Liu Bo , DeLa Cadena Raul A. , Pixley Robin A. , Adam Albert , Sartor R. Balfour , Colman Robert W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo compare inflammatory peripheral arthritis in wild‐type and high molecular weight kininogen (HK)–deficient rats, both on the genetically susceptible Lewis background.MethodsBy backcrossing Brown‐Norway HK‐deficient rats with Lewis rats for 6 generations, 2 new strains were produced, wild‐type F6 and HK‐deficient F6, each with a 98.5% Lewis genome. Inflammatory arthritis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of peptidoglycan–polysaccharide (PG‐PS), and the clinical, histopathologic, and biochemical responses were compared in both strains.ResultsEighteen days after PG‐PS injection, rats with normal concentrations of HK showed weight loss and marked increase in hind ankle diameter with severe synovial inflammation and cartilage abnormalities. In contrast, HK‐deficient rats showed no weight loss (P < 0.05), no increase in hind ankle diameter (P < 0.05), and an absence of inflammatory changes (P < 0.05), as measured by the histologic and morphometric Mankin grading system for synovial and cartilage injury.ConclusionPlasma HK is a key mediator of acute and chronic inflammatory arthritis in genetically susceptible Lewis rats.
Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Haas Martin , Biermann Peter , Chini Rolf , Heidt Jochen , Kollatschny Wolfram , Meusinger Helmut , Siebenmorgen Ralf 
Published: July 2005

AbstractD01 Direct evidence of the receding ‘torus’ around active galactic nuclei of FRII radio galaxies and quasarsD02 Infrared emission from a clumpy and dusty torus around AGND03 Size and properties of AGN narrow–line regions from emission–line diagnosticsD04 Structural Variability of Intraday Variable SourcesD05 Stability of self‐gravitating accretion disks in galactic centersD06 Supermassive Binary Black Holes in AGND07 The extreme flare in III Zw 2: Evolution of a radio jet in a Seyfert galaxyD08 Radio Linear and Circular Polarization from M81*D09 A fundamental relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Dark Matter HaloesD10 Hunting for radio‐quiet BL Lacs – the 2dF BL Lac surveyD11 The Eddington limit in accretion discsD12 Molecular Tori in AGN: A search using excited states of OHD13 The X‐Ray Properties of Radio‐Loud Core‐Dominated AGN: The 2 cm‐X‐SampleD14 The X‐Ray Properties of Radio‐Loud Core‐Dominated AGN: Extension to the High Redshift RegimeD15 Line Profile Variability in AGND16 Jet Superwind InteractionD17 Radio Interferometric Observations of AGN – Probing the Nucleus of M87 with 20 Schwarzschild radii resolutionD18 The ISO–2MASS AGN surveyD19 Supermassive binary black holes driving the activity of galactic nucleiD20 Proton acceleration at quasi‐perpendicular shocks: A case study for Active Galactic NucleiD21 Super‐luminal shocks in Active Galactic NucleiD22 Unconventional quasars from the variability and proper motion surveyD23 Radio observations of starburst and AGN activity in Ultraluminous Infrared GalaxiesD24 Kinematics in Active Galactic Nuclei at Parsec Scales: the VLBA 2cm SurveyD25 Three‐dimensional models of clumpy tori in Seyfert galaxiesD26 Silicate emission in active galaxies ‐ From LINERs to QSOsD27 Discovery of 10 µm silicate emission in quasars. – Evidence of the AGN unification scheme.D28 Near‐IR adaptive optics imaging of luminous infrared galaxiesD29 Interferometric observations of the Circinus galaxy with MIDID30 Infrared Interferometry of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068
NIR/Optical Interferometry
Authors: Eckart Andreas 
Published: July 2005

AbstractE01 VLTI‐PRIMA Fringe Tracking TestbedE02 The Fringe and Flexure Tracking System for the LBT interferometric camera LINC‐NIRVANAE03 GRAVITY: The AO assisted, two object beam combiner instrument for the VLTIE04 (Re)Solving the dynamic atmospheres of carbon‐rich giantsE05 Do's and Don'ts of MIDI Data‐reductionE06 Bispectrum speckle imaging of the ultracompact HII region K3‐50AE07 Differential astrometry and astrometric planet searches with the VLTIE08 First AU‐scale observations of V1647 Ori: The outbursting young star in the McNeil's NebulaE09 Mid‐infrared imaging at the VLTI: An APreS‐MIDI image reconstruction studyE10 VLTI/MIDI observation of the silicate carbon star Hen 38 (IRAS08002‐3803): Silicate dust reservoir spatially resolved for the first timeE11 Mid‐infrared spectro‐interferometric observation of the Mira variable RR Sco with the VLTI/MIDI instrumentE12 Scientific Prospects for VLTI in the Galactic Centre: Getting to the Schwarzschild RadiusE13 VLTI near‐infrared observations of the stellar multiple system δ VelorumE14 The first VLTI observations of the Galactic CenterE15 Bispectrum speckle interferometry of the massive protostellar outflow source IRAS 23151+5912E16 Interferometric Observations of Infrared Companions with MIDIE17 Evolution and radial distribution of dust in the inner 1‐10A.U. of circumstellar disks around low‐mass young stellar objects.E18 Near‐infrared Interferometry with the AMBER Instrument of the VLTIE19 APreS‐MIDI ‐ Interferometic Imaging in the Mid‐InfraredE20 Mining the sky: Selection of extragalactic targets for interferometric observations
New Observing Opportunities in the Far‐Infrared and Submillimeter Range
Authors: Poglitsch Albrecht , Sturm Eckard , Stutzki Jürgen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractF01 CONDOR – 1.4 THz Hetrodyne Receiver for APEX and for GREAT on SOFIAF02 FLASH – a First Light APEX Submillimeter Heterodyne instrumentF03 GREAT – The German first light heterodyne instrument for SOFIAF04 CHAMP+ – A powerfull submillimeter array for the APEX telescopeF05 The JamesWebb Space Telescope (JWST) and its Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI)F06 CHARM – a Compact Heterodyne Array Receiver Module for KOSMA with Scalable Fully Reflective Focal Plane Array OpticsF07 Science with Herschel‐PACSF08 CI/CO Mapping of IC 348 & Cepheus B using SMART on KOSMAF09 The warm and dense interstellar medium observed with HerschelF10 Intelligent Detectors – On‐Board Data Reduction for Future MissionsF11 The Herschel Photodetector Array Camera & Spectrometer PACSF12 Why Astromineralogy Should Care about the Far‐infrared RangeF13 ESI: A European Imaging Far‐Infrared Spectrometer for the Japanese SPICA space observatoryF14 STAR – A 16 Pixel Terahertz Array Receiver for SOFIAF15 FIFI LS, a Field‐Imaging Far‐Infrared Line‐Spectrometer for SOFIAF16 Characterization of high‐ and low‐stressed Ge:Ga array cameras for Herschel's PACS instrumentF17 Herschel / PACS Guaranteed Time Programs at MPIAF18 NANTEN2: CI and mid‐J CO surveys of clouds and galaxies of the southern sky