bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric cohesive zone analysis of bi-adhesive single-step joints
Authors: Carvalho D. F. T. , Campilho R. D. S. G. , Vargas A. S. , Moreira R. D. F. , Madani K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe industry has advanced in replacing traditional joining methods, such as screwing/riveting and welding, especially the aeronautical and automotive industries, which have adopted the adhesive bonding method. This method has the advantages of simplifying the process, improving performance in terms of fatigue load, and improving the union between dissimilar materials. In addition, the development of computational numerical methods, with greater precision, has contributed to the dimensioning of joints, as well as the prediction of the resistance of these joints, which has contributed to more reliable simulations of different adhesive bonding solutions and their industrial implementation. Different modifications to the conventional designs are addressed in the literature to achieve the best results, including geometrical and material modifications. In the present research, the strength of single-step single-adhesive joints and bi-adhesive joints (BAJ) manufactured with AW 6082-T651 aluminium adherends is experimentally and numerically studied for different overlap lengths (LO). Three commercial adhesives were studied, from brittle to ductile, along with different adhesive combinations in the BAJ technique. The experimental work was mainly used for numerical model validation. The numerical analysis took advantage of triangular cohesive zone models (CZM) and included the study of peel and shear stresses, strength, and energy to failure. It was possible to validate the CZM accuracy by comparison with the experimental data. The analysis carried out showed that the BAJ technique did not reveal significant increases in strength compared to single-adhesive joints. However, when damage tolerance and dissipated energy are analysed, a noticeable increase in performance is observed, especially in joints with larger LO.
Urban buildings sustainable adaptive reuse into tourism accommodation establishments: a SOAR analysis
Authors: Vardopoulos Ioannis , Giannopoulos Konstantinos , Papaefthymiou Effimia , Temponera Eleni , Chatzithanasis Georgios , Goussia-Rizou Maria , Karymbalis Efthimios , Michalakelis Christos , Tsartas Paris , Sdrali Despina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study, conducted as part of the ‘RETOU’ research project, aims to provide a holistic understanding of adaptive reuse in the context of transforming heritage buildings into creative tourist accommodation units. To achieve the objective set for the current research, the methodology involved an in-depth exploration of the conceptual and theoretical evidence within the scholarly literature, followed by a SOAR analysis. The results have identified current strengths, and opportunities, as well as future aspirations and results specifically associated with adaptive reuse initiatives leading to tourist lodgings. The findings of this research endeavor contribute to the expanding body of literature on the adaptive reuse phenomenon. They provide valuable insights into the prevalent notion and understanding, particularly in the context of a tourist-centric urban destination. Furthermore, this research lays a solid foundation for sustainable policy measures planning, and practical implementation strategies development towards a circular economy transitioning action plan, well-serving objectives promoted by the agenda for sustainable urban development.
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonism alters astrocyte phagocytic activity and has potential applications to psychiatric disease
Authors: Bowen Ellen R. , DiGiacomo Phillip , Fraser Hannah P. , Guttenplan Kevin , Smith Benjamin A. H. , Heberling Marlene L. , Vidano Laura , Shah Nigam , Shamloo Mehrdad , Wilson Jennifer L. , Grimes Kevin V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is a debilitating condition necessitating more efficacious therapies. Previous studies suggested that schizophrenia development is associated with aberrant synaptic pruning by glial cells. We pursued an interdisciplinary approach to understand whether therapeutic reduction in glial cell—specifically astrocytic—phagocytosis might benefit neuropsychiatric patients. We discovered that beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) agonists reduced phagocytosis using a high-throughput, phenotypic screen of over 3200 compounds in primary human fetal astrocytes. We used protein interaction pathways analysis to associate ADRB2, to schizophrenia and endocytosis. We demonstrated that patients with a pediatric exposure to salmeterol, an ADRB2 agonist, had reduced in-patient psychiatry visits using a novel observational study in the electronic health record. We used a mouse model of inflammatory neurodegenerative disease and measured changes in proteins associated with endocytosis and vesicle-mediated transport after ADRB2 agonism. These results provide substantial rationale for clinical consideration of ADRB2 agonists as possible therapies for patients with schizophrenia.
Impact of COVID-19 visitation policies and hospital capacity on discharge readiness in medicine patients
Authors: Wallace Andrea S. , Raaum Sonja E. , Johnson Erin Phinney , Presson Angela P. , Allen Chelsea M. , Elliott Mackenzie , Bristol Alycia A. , Elmore Catherine E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 impacted the experience of being hospitalized with the widespread adoption of strict visitation policies to ensure healthcare worker safety. One result was decreased time of caregivers at the bedside of hospitalized patients.

Objective
To understand the impact of pandemic-related system effects on patient-reported discharge preparation.

Design
This mixed methods study included interviews with a sample of discharged patients during April 2020, and quantitative hospital data from April 2020 to February 2021.

Participants
616 patients completed a measure of discharge readiness on their day of discharge and 38 patients completed interviews about their discharge experiences.

Main measures
Readiness for discharge (RHDS), visitation policies, ward structure changes, COVID-19-unit census, time into the COVID-19 pandemic, patient characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), admission type (planned/unplanned, for COVID-19), and discharge destination (home, home health, skilled nursing).

Key results
Adult patients aged 30–45 (vs. young and older adult patients) and those being discharged to places other than home (e.g., skilled nursing facility) or to out-of-state residences report lower readiness (p < 0.05) on RHDS. Patient interviews revealed some gaps in discharge communication but, overall, patients expressed high discharge readiness and few concerns about how COVID-19 system changes impacted their discharge preparation.

Conclusions
While there is some evidence that visitation policies and unit census may impact patient perceptions of discharge preparation, personal characteristics contributed more significantly to discharge readiness than system changes during COVID-19. Participant interviews demonstrated agreement, as most participants were discharged home and identified strong personal feelings of readiness for discharge.
Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04248738, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04248738.
Meat, vegetable, and fruit consumption among urban and rural elders aged 60+ years in regional China: a population-level nutritional study
Authors: Zhang Guilin , Kang Jian , Jing Shibao , Chen Yinhao , Deng Tianrui , Xu Huiqing , Wu Haidi , Xu Fei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim was to assess epidemiological characteristics of the most recent consumption patterns of meat, vegetable, and fruit among representative urban and rural residents aged 60+ years in regional China. In this cross-sectional survey conducted in mid-2018, participants aged 60+ years were randomly chosen from urban and rural communities in Nanjing municipality of China. Meat, vegetable, and fruit intake were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) to investigate the association of socio-demographic characteristics with a likelihood of meeting intake recommendation. Among the 20 867 participants, 49⋅5 % were men and 45⋅0 % urban elders, and 6⋅5 % aged 80+ years. The mean values of consumption frequency of red meat, white meat, vegetable, and fruit were 2⋅99 ± 2⋅28, 1⋅37 ± 1⋅13, 5⋅24 ± 6⋅43, and 2⋅64 ± 2⋅91 times/week, respectively, among overall participants. Moreover, there were 14⋅9, 23⋅7, and 12⋅1 % of participants meeting intake recommendations of meat, vegetable, and fruit, separately, in this study. After adjustment for potential confounders, age, gender, residence area, and educational attainment each was associated with the likelihood of meeting intake recommendation of meat, vegetable, or fruit. The consumption frequency and proportion of participants meeting intake recommendations of meat, vegetable, or fruit were not high among elders in regional China. Socio-demographic characteristics were associated with intake recommendations of meat, vegetables, and fruit. It has public health implications that participants’ socio-demographic attributes shall be considered for precision intervention on meat, vegetable, and fruit consumption in healthy eating campaigns among elders in China.
Dynamics of information networks
Authors: Sontag Andrei , Rogers Tim , Yates Christian A 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe explore a simple model of network dynamics which has previously been applied to the study of information flow in the context of epidemic spreading. A random rooted network is constructed that evolves according to the following rule: at a constant rate, pairs of nodes (i, j) are randomly chosen to interact, with an edge drawn from i to j (and any other out-edge from i deleted) if j is strictly closer to the root with respect to graph distance. We characterise the dynamics of this random network in the limit of large size, showing that it instantaneously forms a tree with long branches that immediately collapse to depth two, then it slowly rearranges itself to a star-like configuration. This curious behaviour has consequences for the study of the epidemic models in which this information network was first proposed.
Learning quantum finite automata with queries
Authors: Qiu Daowen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLearning finite automata (termed as model learning) has become an important field in machine learning and has been useful realistic applications. Quantum finite automata (QFA) are simple models of quantum computers with finite memory. Due to their simplicity, QFA have well physical realizability, but one-way QFA still have essential advantages over classical finite automata with regard to state complexity (two-way QFA are more powerful than classical finite automata in computation ability as well). As a different problem in quantum learning theory and quantum machine learning, in this paper, our purpose is to initiate the study of learning QFA with queries (naturally it may be termed as quantum model learning), and the main results are regarding learning two basic one-way QFA (1QFA): (1) we propose a learning algorithm for measure-once 1QFA (MO-1QFA) with query complexity of polynomial time and (2) we propose a learning algorithm for measure-many 1QFA (MM-1QFA) with query complexity of polynomial time, as well.
From climate science to climate action
Authors: Shrivastava Paul , Kasuga Fumiko , Grant John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Despite 50 years of good science showing the urgency for action on remedying climate change, the business and political worlds have been exceedingly slow in actualizing climate solutions. Now excess climate-related deaths have mounted to more than 5 million people per year. In this Intelligence Briefing, we identify a few targeted driving actions through economic taxation, ending subsidies, and pursuit of legal cases for climate homicide, among many others. Scientists can play a vital role in providing supporting scientific evidence for policies and prosecutions, and model climate behaviors in their personal and professional lives.

Technical summary
Based on our analysis of the current global situation regarding carbon (CO2) in the atmosphere, we note that the earth has reached a dangerous 420 ppm, compared to staying under the 350 ppm necessary for human sustainability; and carbon concentration in the atmosphere is still climbing, as fossil fuel firms are continuing to delay and dilute regulatory efforts. This paper suggests action on several fronts. Governments can impose improved taxation regimes that involve unitary, windfall, and luxury taxes on carbon and the consumption of natural assets. Cutting subsidies to fossil fuel firms via COP actions can reduce carbon, by making renewable energy more competitive. We suggest recognizing the excess deaths by carbon pollution as homicide and charging responsible companies as was done in the case of asbestos and tobacco. If timely action is not taken, we caution about the potential rise of climate violence of emerging ‘new politics’ and increased global population displacement. Science, government, and business sectors need to collaborate in transdisciplinary ways to produce further actionable knowledge. Scientists can lead by example by reducing their own carbon footprints.

Social media summary
Fund climate action by taxing billionaires, eliminating subsidies, and suing fossil companies for climate homicide. The science community is focused on and committed to systems changes – seeking both natural systems, and social and economic systems to be sustainable. Yet systems that are in-place now producing carbon dioxide (herein aka carbon), are not taking adequate scientifically recommended actions; or worse, they are changing in the wrong directions. How can we move from producing more scientific knowledge to science-based actions, and what can scientists do to support such actions? In this Intelligence Briefing, we suggest some pathways for action.
Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps Imaged Using Receiver Functions and Surface Wave Dispersion
Authors: Saha Gokul , Kumar Vivek , Chaubey Dipak K. , Rai Shyam S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn anomalous crust and lithospheric mantle in the Deccan Volcanic Province are imaged below a 160 km long W‐E profile through the joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion. The upper crust has an unusually low S‐wave velocity (Vs ∼ 3.3–3.5 km/s) at 8–17 km depth, underlying a 4 km thick high‐velocity layer (Vs > 3.8 km/s). The low velocity possibly represents the frozen magma reservoir, the source for the magma eruption at ∼65 Ma due to the interaction of the Reunion plume with India. The shallow, high‐velocity layer could be basaltic mafic intrusions responsible for the production of massive CO2 degassing. The Moho deepens beneath the west coast to ∼45 km due to 10–15 km of magma underplating. The mantle plume scar is seen as thinned lithosphere (80–100 km), with the presence of long‐lived low‐velocity layers in the shallow mantle attributed to the presence of sulfide melts.
The presence of Candida parapsilosis with intrathecal baclofen pump in a person with high cervical spinal cord injury; infection or colonization? A Case Report
Authors: Chan John , Singh Harminder , Shem Kazuko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy is an effective method of treating spasticity in persons with spasticity due to spinal cord injury (SCI), but complications are not rare and can include spinal fluid leaks, infection, and catheter/pump malfunction.

Case presentation
This study presents information related to an adult male patient with traumatic SCI and a history of two prior ITB pump pocket infections that required removal due to pump infection. The patient then developed skin erosion over the third pump, and the fluid around the pump grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, diphtheroids, and Candida parapsilosis. The patient was initially treated with antibiotics and anti-fungal medication without removal of the ITB pump. The ITB pump was eventually removed 27 months later, and the fourth pump was implanted 10 months later.

Discussion
ITB pumps can be an effective treatment modality for spasticity in people with SCI; however, complications, including infection, can occur and require pump removal. This case illustrates a case of possible Candida colonization of the ITB pump, which was eventually removed.
Dynamic RBM47 ISGylation confers broad immunoprotection against lung injury and tumorigenesis via TSC22D3 downregulation
Authors: Ding Shihui , Pang Xiquan , Luo Shaoxiang , Gao Huili , Li Bo , Yue Junqiu , Chen Jian , Hu Sheng , Tu Zepeng , He Dong , Kuang Youyi , Dong Zhiqiang , Zhang Min 
Published: November 2023

AbstractISGylation is a well-established antiviral mechanism, but its specific function in immune and tissue homeostasis regulation remains elusive. Here, we reveal that the RNA-binding protein RBM47 undergoes phosphorylation-dependent ISGylation at lysine 329 to regulate immune activation and maintain lung homeostasis. K329R knockin (KI) mice with defective RBM47-ISGylation display heightened susceptibility to LPS-induced acute lung injury and lung tumorigenesis, accompanied with multifaceted immunosuppression characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory factors, reduced IFNs/related chemokines, increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and impaired tertiary lymphoid structures. Mechanistically, RBM47-ISGylation regulation of the expression of TSC22D3 mRNA, a glucocorticoid-inducible transcription factor, partially accounts for the effects of RBM47-ISGylation deficiency due to its broad immunosuppressive activity. We further demonstrate the direct inhibitory effect of RBM47-ISGylation on TSC22D3 expression in human cells using a nanobody-targeted E3 ligase to induce site-specific ISGylation. Furthermore, epinephrine-induced S309 phosphorylation primes RBM47-ISGylation, with epinephrine treatment exacerbating dysregulated cytokine expression and ALI induction in K329R KI mice. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the dynamic regulation of RBM47-ISGylation in supporting immune activation and maintaining lung homeostasis.
Warming-induced vapor pressure deficit suppression of vegetation growth diminished in northern peatlands
Authors: Chen Ning , Zhang Yifei , Yuan Fenghui , Song Changchun , Xu Mingjie , Wang Qingwei , Hao Guangyou , Bao Tao , Zuo Yunjiang , Liu Jianzhao , Zhang Tao , Song Yanyu , Sun Li , Guo Yuedong , Zhang Hao , Ma Guobao , Du Yu , Xu Xiaofeng , Wang Xianwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent studies have reported worldwide vegetation suppression in response to increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Here, we integrate multisource datasets to show that increasing VPD caused by warming alone does not suppress vegetation growth in northern peatlands. A site-level manipulation experiment and a multiple-site synthesis find a neutral impact of rising VPD on vegetation growth; regional analysis manifests a strong declining gradient of VPD suppression impacts from sparsely distributed peatland to densely distributed peatland. The major mechanism adopted by plants in response to rising VPD is the “open” water-use strategy, where stomatal regulation is relaxed to maximize carbon uptake. These unique surface characteristics evolve in the wet soil‒air environment in the northern peatlands. The neutral VPD impacts observed in northern peatlands contrast with the vegetation suppression reported in global nonpeatland areas under rising VPD caused by concurrent warming and decreasing relative humidity, suggesting model improvement for representing VPD impacts in northern peatlands remains necessary.
Strong protective effect of the APOL1 p.N264K variant against G2-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and kidney disease
Authors: Gupta Yask , Friedman David J. , McNulty Michelle T. , Khan Atlas , Lane Brandon , Wang Chen , Ke Juntao , Jin Gina , Wooden Benjamin , Knob Andrea L. , Lim Tze Y. , Appel Gerald B. , Huggins Kinsie , Liu Lili , Mitrotti Adele , Stangl Megan C. , Bomback Andrew , Westland Rik , Bodria Monica , Marasa Maddalena , Shang Ning , Cohen David J. , Crew Russell J. , Morello William , Canetta Pietro , Radhakrishnan Jai , Martino Jeremiah , Liu Qingxue , Chung Wendy K. , Espinoza Angelica , Luo Yuan , Wei Wei-Qi , Feng Qiping , Weng Chunhua , Fang Yilu , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Naderian Mohammadreza , Limdi Nita , Irvin Marguerite R. , Tiwari Hemant , Mohan Sumit , Rao Maya , Dube Geoffrey K. , Chaudhary Ninad S. , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Judd Suzanne E. , Cushman Mary , Lange Leslie A. , Lange Ethan M. , Bivona Daniel L. , Verbitsky Miguel , Winkler Cheryl A. , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Santoriello Dominick , Batal Ibrahim , Pinheiro Sérgio Veloso Brant , Oliveira Eduardo Araújo , Simoes e Silva Ana Cristina , Pisani Isabella , Fiaccadori Enrico , Lin Fangming , Gesualdo Loreto , Amoroso Antonio , Ghiggeri Gian Marco , D’Agati Vivette D. , Magistroni Riccardo , Kenny Eimear E. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Montini Giovanni , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Paul Dirk S. , Petrovski Slavé , Goldstein David B. , Kretzler Matthias , Gbadegesin Rasheed , Gharavi Ali G. , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Sampson Matthew G. , Pollak Martin R. , Sanna-Cherchi Simone 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfrican Americans have a significantly higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease, especially focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -, than European Americans. Two coding variants (G1 and G2) in the APOL1 gene play a major role in this disparity. While 13% of African Americans carry the high-risk recessive genotypes, only a fraction of these individuals develops FSGS or kidney failure, indicating the involvement of additional disease modifiers. Here, we show that the presence of the APOL1 p.N264K missense variant, when co-inherited with the G2 APOL1 risk allele, substantially reduces the penetrance of the G1G2 and G2G2 high-risk genotypes by rendering these genotypes low-risk. These results align with prior functional evidence showing that the p.N264K variant reduces the toxicity of the APOL1 high-risk alleles. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of APOL1-associated nephropathy, as well as for the clinical management of individuals with high-risk genotypes that include the G2 allele.
Cell-type-specific Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk scores are associated with distinct disease processes in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yang Hyun-Sik , Teng Ling , Kang Daniel , Menon Vilas , Ge Tian , Finucane Hilary K. , Schultz Aaron P. , Properzi Michael , Klein Hans-Ulrich , Chibnik Lori B. , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Hohman Timothy J. , Mayeux Richard P. , Johnson Keith A. , De Jager Philip L. , Sperling Reisa A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk genes are specifically expressed in microglia and astrocytes, but how and when the genetic risk localizing to these cell types contributes to AD pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we derive cell-type-specific AD polygenic risk scores (ADPRS) from two extensively characterized datasets and uncover the impact of cell-type-specific genetic risk on AD endophenotypes. In an autopsy dataset spanning all stages of AD (n = 1457), the astrocytic ADPRS affected diffuse and neuritic plaques (amyloid-β), while microglial ADPRS affected neuritic plaques, microglial activation, neurofibrillary tangles (tau), and cognitive decline. In an independent neuroimaging dataset of cognitively unimpaired elderly (n = 2921), astrocytic ADPRS was associated with amyloid-β, and microglial ADPRS was associated with amyloid-β and tau, connecting cell-type-specific genetic risk with AD pathology even before symptom onset. Together, our study provides human genetic evidence implicating multiple glial cell types in AD pathophysiology, starting from the preclinical stage.