bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of obese and nonobese patients with atrial fibrillation according to associated metabolic abnormalities: A report from the COOL‐AF registry
Authors: Krittayaphong Rungroj , Boonyapiphat Thanita , Winijkul Arjbordin , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective was to determine the influence of obesity and associated metabolic status on clinical outcomes of Asian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThis study was based on a prospective multicenter of patients with nonvalvular AF. Patients were classified as obese and nonobese and being metabolic unhealthy was defined as having at least one of the three cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. Outcomes were a primary composite outcome of all‐cause death, ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (SSE), acute myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF), as well as the individual end points.ResultsThere were a total of 3141 enrolled patients (mean age 67.4 ± 11.1 years; 41.0% female), of whom 1566 (49.9%) were obese and 2564 (81.6%) were metabolic unhealthy. During a mean follow‐up of 32.2 ± 8.3 months, the incidence rate of the composite outcome, all‐cause death, SSE, MI, and HF were 7.21 (6.63–7.82), 3.86 (3.45–4.30), 1.48 (1.23–1.77), 0.47 (0.33–0.64), and 2.84 (2.48–3.23) per 100 person‐years, respectively. Metabolic unhealthy nonobese subjects were at higher risk of the composite outcomes than metabolic unhealthy obese subjects with hazard ratio (HR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.66, p < .001. Metabolic unhealthy obese subjects tend to have an increased risk of the composite outcomes compared to those metabolic healthy obese (HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.91–2.02, p = .133). Metabolic healthy obese subjects were not associated with increased risk.ConclusionsMetabolic unhealthy obese subjects were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in AF patients, whereas metabolically healthy obesity was not associated with an increased risk.image
Thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Crocetti Laura , Scalise Paola , Bozzi Elena , Candita Gianvito , Cioni Roberto 
Published: December 2023

SummaryPercutaneous treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by means of thermal ablation (TA) has been introduced in clinical guidelines as a potentially curative treatment for the early stages of the disease since the early 2000s. Due to its safety profile and cost‐effectiveness, TA can be offered as a first‐line treatment for patients with HCC smaller than 3 cm. Thermal ablative techniques are in fact widely available at many centres worldwide and include radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) ablation, with the latter increasingly applied in clinical practice in the last decade. Pre‐clinical studies highlighted, as potential advantages of MW‐based ablation, the ability to achieve higher temperatures (>100°C) and larger ablation zones in shorter times, with less susceptibility to blood flow‐induced heat sink effects. Despite these advantages, there is no evidence of superior overall survival in patients treated with MW as compared to those treated with RF ablation. Local control has been proven to be superior to MW ablation with a similar complication rate. It is expected that further improvement of TA results in the treatment of HCC will result from the refinement of guidance and monitoring tools and the careful assessment of ablation margins. Thermal ablative treatments may also be performed on nodules larger than 3 cm by applying multiple devices or combining percutaneous and intra‐arterial approaches. The role of novel immunotherapy regimens in combination with ablation is also currently under evaluation in clinical trials, with several potential benefits. In this review, indications, technical principles, results, and future prospects of TA for the treatment of HCC will be examined.
Shedding light on the dark side of humor: The short‐lived spillover effect of daily salesperson workplace humor usage on work–family conflict
Authors: Lei Shaohui , Peng Leiqing , Wang Suyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSalesperson humor usage (SPHU) is often linked with positive outcomes, but little is known about its potential negative effects on salespeople. This study uses ego depletion theory to investigate the negative spillover effect of daily SPHU on work–family conflict via experience sampling method, using data from 109 salespeople over 10 workdays. Results show that daily SPHU is positively associated with daily work–family conflict through increased daily ego depletion. Moreover, the study examines daily supervisor developmental feedback as a context‐relevant moderator that can alleviate the relationship between daily SPHU and ego depletion. By detailing the mediating and moderating mechanisms of daily SPHU spill‐over in a sales interaction context, this study not only supports the perspective of ego depletion in understanding the dark sides of daily SPHU but also offers insights for organizations to inhibit its negative effects.
Developing an international concept‐based curriculum for pharmacology education: The promise of core concepts and concept inventories
Authors: Guilding Clare , Kelly‐Laubscher Roisin , Netere Adeladlew , Babey Anna‐Marie , Restini Carolina , Cunningham Margaret , Kelly John P. , Koenig Jennifer , Karpa Kelly , Hawes Martin , Tucker Steven J. , Angelo Thomas A. , White Paul J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver recent years, studies have shown that science and health profession graduates demonstrate gaps in their fundamental pharmacology knowledge and ability to apply pharmacology concepts in practice. This article reviews the current challenges faced by pharmacology educators, including the exponential growth in discipline knowledge and competition for curricular time. We then argue that pharmacology education should focus on essential concepts that enable students to develop beyond ‘know’ towards ‘know how to’. A concept‐based approach will help educators prioritize and benchmark their pharmacology curriculum, facilitate integration of pharmacology with other disciplines in the curriculum, create alignment between universities and improve application of pharmacology knowledge to professional contexts such as safe prescribing practices. To achieve this, core concepts first need to be identified and unpacked, and methods for teaching and assessment using concept inventories developed. The International Society for Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Education Section (IUPHAR‐Ed) Core Concepts of Pharmacology (CCP) initiative involves over 300 educators from the global pharmacology community. CCP has identified and defined the core concepts of pharmacology, together with key underpinning sub‐concepts. To realize these benefits, pharmacology educators must develop methods to teach and assess core concepts. Work to develop concept inventories is ongoing, including identifying student misconceptions of the core concepts and creating a bank of multiple‐choice questions to assess student understanding. Future work aims to develop and validate materials and methods to help educators embed core concepts within curricula. Potential strategies that educators can use to overcome factors that inhibit adoption of core concepts are presented.
Blood pressure thresholds for the diagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in sickle cell disease
Authors: Early Macy L. , Raja Maidah , Luo Amy , Solow Marissa , Matusiak Kristine , Eke Ahizechukwu C. , Shehata Nadine , Kuo Kevin H. M. , Lanzkron Sophie , Malinowski Ann Kinga , Pecker Lydia H. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIn this retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies in people with sickle cell disease (SCD) delivered at two academic centres between 1990 and 2021, we collected demographic and SCD‐related data, pregnancy outcomes, and the highest systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) at seven time periods. We compared the characteristics of subjects with new or worsening proteinuria (NWP) during pregnancy to those without. We then constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the blood pressure (BP) that best identifies those with NWP. The SBP or DBP thresholds which maximized sensitivity and specificity were 120 mmHg SBP (sensitivity: 55.2%, specificity: 73.5%) and 70 mmHg DBP (sensitivity: 27.6%, specificity: 67.7%). The existing BP threshold of 140/90 mmHg lacked sensitivity in both genotype groups (HbSS/HbSβ0: SBP = 21% sensitive, DBP = 5.3% sensitive; HbSS/HbSβ+: SBP = 10% sensitive, DBP = 0% sensitive). Finally, percent change in SBP, DBP and MAP were all poor tests for identifying NWP. Existing BP thresholds used to diagnose hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are not sensitive for pregnant people with SCD. For this population, lowering the BP threshold that defines HDP may improve identification of those who need increased observation, consideration of early delivery and eclampsia prophylaxis.
Platelet purinergic receptors and non‐thrombotic diseases
Authors: Pitchford Simon C. , Pan Dingxin 
Published: December 2023

LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non‐thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc
Retrospective review of acute post‐tracheostomy complications and contributing risk factors
Authors: Erickson Ericka L. , Katta Juhi , Sun Shuai , Shan Lingpeng , Lemeshow Stanley , Schofield Minka L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTracheostomy is performed for various indications ranging from prolonged ventilation to airway obstruction. Many factors may play a role in the incidence of complications in the immediate post‐operative period including patient‐related factors. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are some of the most common pulmonary pathologies in the United States. The relationship between obstructive pulmonary diseases and acute post‐tracheostomy complications has been incompletely studied.DesignA retrospective chart review was designed in order to answer these objectives. Medical records were reviewed for the technique used, complications, and contributing patient factors. Post‐operative complications were defined as any tracheostomy‐related adverse event occurring within 14 days.SettingThe study took place at an academic comprehensive cancer.ParticipantsInclusion criteria included patients from January 2017 through December 2018 who underwent a tracheostomy. Exclusion criteria included presence of stomaplasty, total laryngectomy, and tracheostomies performed at outside hospitals.Main outcome measuresPatient factors examined included demographics, comorbidities, and body mass index with the primary outcome measured being the rate of tracheostomy complications.ResultsThe most common indication for tracheostomy among the 321 patients that met inclusion criteria was airway obstruction or a head and neck cancer surgical procedure. Obstructive sleep apnea was associated with acute complications in bivariate analysis (29.4% complications, p = .003). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma were not associated with acute complications in bivariate analysis (11.6% complications, p = .302). Among the secondary outcomes measured, radiation was associated with early complications occurring in post‐operative days 0–6 (1.1%, p = .029).ConclusionPatients with obstructive sleep apnea may have a higher risk of acute post‐tracheostomy complications that might be due to the patient population at risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Patients with obstructive pulmonary pathologies such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder did not have an elevated risk of complications which is clinically significant when considering the utility of ventilation and tracheostomy in the management of acute respiratory failure secondary to these conditions.
Influence of climate and landscape on genetic differentiation of aardvarks (Orycteropus afer)
Authors: Epps Clinton W. , Crowhurst Rachel S. , Spaan Robert , Weldy Matthew , Tavalire Hannah F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimAs climate change accelerates, assessing how climate shapes gene flow and neutral and adaptive genetic differentiation on landscapes is increasingly important. Aardvarks (Orycteropus afer) are ecologically important in sub‐Saharan Africa but are sensitive to human pressures and increasing aridity. We used individual, population and landscape genetic approaches to infer the influence of landscape, climate and potential adaptive differences on gene flow.LocationWe surveyed 8 protected and 4 privately owned areas in South Africa, 2 protected areas in Eswatini and one location in Kenya during 2016–2018.MethodsWe developed microsatellite markers and methods for DNA extraction from faeces, collected and genotyped faecal samples from focal areas and estimated genetic structure. We inferred space use from individual redetections, tested for close relatives and estimated genetic neighbourhood distance. We applied individual‐based landscape genetic analyses at multiple scales to test hypotheses about genetic differentiation by landscape resistance and potential adaptive differences.ResultsWe developed 19 variable microsatellite loci and collected 253 faecal samples from 13 focal areas. We genotyped 104 samples successfully at ≥8 loci as needed for individual identification. The genetic structure suggested 3 regional divisions in South Africa. We detected individuals at locations ≤7.3 km distant and closely related individuals at ≤44 km; genetic neighbourhood distance was <55 km. Lower precipitation increased landscape resistance and strongly predicted genetic differentiation at most spatial scales. Temperature differences at sampling sites also influenced structure, suggesting climate‐associated adaptive differences.Main ConclusionsThe genetic structure of aardvarks is strongly shaped by climate, with arid areas limiting gene flow and reflects apparent isolation by adaptation associated with temperature. Dispersal distances likely are <55 km. The markers we developed will facilitate studies of space use, dispersal, population density or survival. Aridification will increase fragmentation and we recommend monitoring aardvark presence as an indicator of ecosystem change associated with aridification.
An alternative approach using hs‐CRP levels and age of onset in diagnostics of HNF1A‐MODY
Authors: Kickova Terezia , Skopkova Martina , Dobiasova Zuzana , Lackova Gabriela , Belicova Zita , Schenkova Katarina , Stanik Juraj , Gasperikova Daniela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim is to identify people with HNF1A‐MODY among individuals in diabetic cohort solely based on low hs‐CRP serum level and early diabetes onset.MethodsIn 3537 participants, we analyzed the hs‐CRP levels. We analyzed the HNF1A gene in 50 participants (1.4% of the cohort) with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who had hs‐CRP ≤0.25 mg/L and were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) at the age of 8–40 years. We functionally characterized two identified missense variants.ResultsThree participants had a rare variant in the HNF1A gene, two of which we classified as likely pathogenic: c.1369_1384dup (p.Val462Aspfs*92) and c.737T>G (p.Val246Gly), and one as likely benign: c.1573A>T (p.Thr525Ser). Our functional studies revealed that p.Val246Gly decreased HNF1α transactivation activity to ~59% and the DNA binding ability to ~16% of the wild‐type, while p.Thr525Ser variant showed no effect on transactivation activity, DNA binding, nor nuclear localization. Based on the two identified HNF1A‐MODY patients among 3537 people with diabetes, we estimate 0.057% as the minimal HNF1A‐MODY prevalence in Slovakia. A positive predictive value of hs‐CRP ≤0.25 mg/L for finding HNF1A‐MODY individuals was 4.0% (95% CI 0.7%, 13.5%).ConclusionsHs‐CRP value and age of DM onset could be an alternative approach to current diagnostic criteria with a potential to increase the diagnostic rate of HNF1A‐MODY.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer during pregnancy: A comprehensive update
Authors: Bothou Αnastasia , Margioula‐Siarkou Chrysoula , Petousis Stamatios , Margioula‐Siarkou Georgia , Zervoudis Stefanos , Sotiriadis Alexandros , Amant Fréderic , Dinas Konstantinos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPregnant patients diagnosed with breast cancer (PrBC) may receive substantially different treatments compared to general population, considering that certain treatment options cannot be applied during pregnancy due to their potential harmful effects to the foetus. Regarding the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in pregnant patients, potential concerns include foetal harm from radiation exposure, possible teratogenic effects of blue dyes and maternal anaphylaxis to isosulfan.ObjectiveThe main objective of the present systematic review is to summarize and present current knowledge and up‐to‐date evidence about the safety and efficacy of SLNB in PABC.MethodsMEDLINE, Google Scholar and UpToDate databases were searched up to 22 January 2023. Articles studying the safety and effectiveness of SLNB in patients for PrBC were eligible for inclusion in the present review.ResultsIn total, 63 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Forty‐seven articles were strongly in favour of performing SLNB in PABC, 4 articles were partially in favour, 10 articles were strongly against and 2 articles were partially against performing SLNB in PABC. Sub‐categorization based on type of study showed that the majority of studies in favour were of higher level of evidence than those against. Furthermore, there were overall 12 studies reporting on outcomes. There were overall 382 women with PrBC that underwent SLNB. Full data were reported for 237 cases. Overall live birth rate was 95.8%, while overall neonatal complication rate was 3.4%.No case of maternal side effects or anaphylactic reaction, maternal death, stillbirth and neonatal death was reported (0%).ConclusionsSentinel lymph node biopsy seems to be safe and effective technique for breast cancer during pregnancy.
Rent–wage inequality in Mexico City, 1770–1930
Authors: Challú Amílcar E. , Solares Israel García , Gómez‐Galvarriato Aurora 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article traces trends of income inequality in Mexico City from 1770 to 1930 by measuring the gaps between urban real estate rents and unskilled wages. The article presents the first long‐term series of real estate values and rental income for Mexico. One series summarizes the price of an apartment in tenement housing (the prevalent type of popular housing in Mexico), while the other relies on newspaper ads, notarial records, and other sources to estimate property values and rental yield (rental revenue relative to property values). From these wage and rental income series, we calculate rental–wage ratios that are broadly representative of the income gaps between the wealthy and unskilled workers. We find that, at the end of the eighteenth century, inequality moderately increased, followed by a more egalitarian period in the first half of the nineteenth century, and a ballooning in the last quarter of the nineteenth century that persisted into 1930. While inequality receded after the insurrection in the 1810s, it remained high after the Mexican Revolution. We hypothesize that inequality was sensitive to economic growth, and that generalized violence did not universally temper inequality.
Mitigating the impact of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and early childhood: A dyadic approach to psychotherapy
Authors: Ponting Carolyn , Tomlinson Rachel C. , Chu Ann , Lieberman Alicia F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is often considered an adult problem despite profound consequences for the children who are exposed toviolent relational patterns. About a third of children and adolescents report past exposure to parental IPV, and a majority were first exposed as infants. Exposure to IPV during pregnancy through the first 5 years of a child's life has consequences ranging from adverse birth outcomes to diagnosable emotional problems and lasting physiological dysregulation. This article reviews risks and consequences of IPV in pregnancy and early childhood and discusses a relational psychotherapeutic treatment approach (Child–Parent Psychotherapy) applied to both developmental stages to mitigate the adverse consequences of family violence on parents and their children. Research evidence for the effectiveness of Child–Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) among IPV‐exposed families is reviewed as are specific treatment components which seek to restore relational safety following familial violence. Additionally, clinical considerations unique to families with histories of or ongoing exposure to IPV are discussed. Finally, recommendations are presented to improve the integration between medical and early childhood behavioral health systems for families at highest risk for chronic IPV.
SARC‐F and modified versions using arm and calf circumference: Diagnostic performance for sarcopenia screening and the impact of obesity
Authors: Lee Shi‐Teng , Lim Jun‐Pei , Tan Cai‐Ning , Yeo Audrey , Chew Justin , Lim Wee‐Shiong 
Published: December 2023

AimSARC‐F is limited by low sensitivity for sarcopenia identification. As surrogates of muscle mass, mid‐arm circumference (MAC) and/or calf circumference have been proposed as additions to SARC‐F to enhance sarcopenia identification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SARC‐F, SARC‐CalF, SARC‐F + MAC, and SARC‐CalF + MAC in sarcopenia detection, and to assess the impact of obesity on their diagnostic performance.MethodsWe studied 230 healthy non‐frail community‐dwelling older adults age >50 years. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for SARC‐F, SARC‐CalF, SARC‐F + MAC and SARC‐CalF + MAC against sarcopenia diagnosed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 as the reference standard. Obesity was defined by high waist circumference (men ≥90 cm, women ≥80 cm). We performed subgroup analysis to compare between obese and non‐obese groups.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia was 27.0% by AWGS 2019. SARC‐CalF + MAC had the best diagnostic performance (area under the curve [AUC] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.81; sensitivity 66.1%; specificity 69.1%), followed by SARC‐CalF (AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.78; sensitivity 21.0%; specificity 95.8%). SARC‐F (AUC 0.57, 95% CI 0.49–0.66; sensitivity 0%; specificity 100%) performed significantly worsethan its modified versions (P < 0.05). There was higher accuracy of sarcopenia identification in obese compared with non‐obese groups for SARC‐F + MAC (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.85 vs. 0.58, 95% CI 0.46–0.70) and SARC‐CalF + MAC (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.85 vs. 0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.81).ConclusionsThe addition of arm circumference to SARC‐CalF confers better diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia identification, especially in the obese group. Thus, MAC may complement SARC‐CalF for community screening of sarcopenia amongst healthy community‐dwelling older adults by increasing sensitivity for the detection of sarcopenic obesity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 182–188.