bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interacting galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations – VIII. Pericentric star formation rate enhancements are driven both by increased fuelling and efficiency
Authors: Faria Lawrence , Patton David R , Courteau Stéphane , Ellison Sara , Brown Westley 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Using the TNG100-1 cosmological simulations, we explore how galaxy properties, such as specific star formation rate ($\rm sSFR=SFR/\mathit{ M}_*$), gas fraction ($f_{\rm gas} \, = \, M_{\rm H}/M_{*}$), and star formation efficiency ($\rm SFE_{H} = SFR/\mathit{ M}_{H}$), change over the course of galaxy–galaxy interactions. We identify 18 534 distinct encounters from the reconstructed orbits of a sample of massive galaxies ($M_{*} &gt; 10^{10} \,\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) with companions within a stellar mass ratio of 0.1–10. Using these encounters, we study the variation of galaxy properties over time as they approach and move away from pericentric encounters over a redshift range of $0 \le z \lt 1$. Following the closest pericentric encounters ($\le 50$ kpc) of a host galaxy with its companion, we find that sSFR is enhanced by a factor of $1.6 \pm 0.1$ on average within the central stellar half-mass radius (R1/2) compared to pre-encounter values. Our results show a time delay between pericentre and maximum sSFR enhancement of $\sim$0.1 Gyr with a mean galaxy separation of 75 kpc. We similarly find that $f_{\rm gas}$ is enhanced by a factor of $1.2 \pm 0.1$, and $\rm SFE_{H}$ is enhanced by a factor of $1.4 \pm 0.1$ following the pericentre of an encounter within the same time-scale. Additionally, we find evidence of inflowing gas towards the centre, measured by comparing the $f_{\rm gas}$ and metallicity within the central R1/2 to the galactic outskirts. We find that approximately 70 per cent of the peak sSFR enhancement can be attributed to the increase in $\rm SFE_{H}$, with the increase in $f_{\rm gas}$ contributing the remaining 30 per cent.
Multilevel Gene Expression Changes in Lineages Containing Adaptive Copy Number Variants
Authors: Spealman Pieter , de Santana Carolina , De Titir , Gresham David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important class of genetic variation that can mediate rapid adaptive evolution. Whereas, CNVs can increase the relative fitness of the organism, they can also incur a cost due to the associated increased gene expression and repetitive DNA. We previously evolved populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae over hundreds of generations in glutamine-limited (Gln-) chemostats and observed the recurrent evolution of CNVs at the GAP1 locus. To understand the role that gene expression plays in adaptation, both in relation to the adaptation of the organism to the selective condition and as a consequence of the CNV, we measured the transcriptome, translatome, and proteome of 4 strains of evolved yeast, each with a unique CNV, and their ancestor in Gln- chemostats. We find CNV-amplified genes correlate with higher mRNA abundance; however, this effect is reduced at the level of the proteome, consistent with post-transcriptional dosage compensation. By normalizing each level of gene expression by the abundance of the preceding step we were able to identify widespread differences in the efficiency of each level of gene expression. Genes with significantly different translational efficiency were enriched for potential regulatory mechanisms including either upstream open reading frames, RNA-binding sites for Ssd1, or both. Genes with lower protein expression efficiency were enriched for genes encoding proteins in protein complexes. Taken together, our study reveals widespread changes in gene expression at multiple regulatory levels in lineages containing adaptive CNVs highlighting the diverse ways in which genome evolution shapes gene expression.
Allovalent scavenging of activation domains in the transcription factor ANAC013 gears transcriptional regulation
Authors: Delaforge Elise , Due Amanda D , Theisen Frederik Friis , Morffy Nicolas , O’Shea Charlotte , Blackledge Martin , Strader Lucia C , Skriver Karen , Kragelund Birthe B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Transcriptional regulation involves interactions between transcription factors, coregulators, and DNA. Intrinsic disorder is a major player in this regulation, but mechanisms driven by disorder remain elusive. Here, we address molecular communication within the stress-regulating Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor ANAC013. Through high-throughput screening of ANAC013 for transcriptional activation activity, we identify three activation domains within its C-terminal intrinsically disordered region. Two of these overlap with acidic islands and form dynamic interactions with the DNA-binding domain and are released, not only upon binding of target promoter DNA, but also by nonspecific DNA. We show that independently of DNA binding, the RST (RCD--SRO--TAF4) domain of the negative regulator RCD1 (Radical-induced Cell Death1) scavenges the two acidic activation domains positioned vis-à-vis through allovalent binding, leading to dynamic occupation at enhanced affinity. We propose an allovalency model for transcriptional regulation, where sequentially close activation domains in both DNA-bound and DNA-free states allow for efficient regulation. The model is likely relevant for many transcription factor systems, explaining the functional advantage of carrying sequentially close activation domains.
Rise in Post-resection Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates with Decreased Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Mohammad Amro H , Sakalla Rawan , Davalan William , Ruiz-Barerra Miguel Angel , Jatana Sukhdeep , Khalaf Roy , Li Hongda , Aberra Rebecca , Al-Saadi Tariq , Diaz Roberto J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is used in the prognostication of multiple malignancies. However, the NLR value in glioblastoma (GBM) is controversial. This controversy may be due to the unaccounted effect of dexamethasone on NLR. Using retrospective data from 230 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH) wild type-GBM patients we studied the prognostic value of NLR in relation to dexamethasone treatment in GBM.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 230 patients with GBM. NLR and dexamethasone use were used as dichotomous variables with cutoff values of 9.5 and 8 mg, respectively. Correlations between high NLR, as well as NLR change after surgery, and patient outcome measures, including post-surgical complications and survival were assessed using Kaplan Meier curves, logistic, and Cox regression analyses.

Results
We demonstrate in this study that high peri-operative NLR (≥9.5 NLR) does not associate with survival of GBM patients (274 days, 95% CI 211–337, vs. 229 days, 95% CI 52–406, P=0.9). However, high positive change in NLR (≥6 units) (higher post-operative NLR relative to pre-operative NLR) has a significant association with decreased survival in GBM patients (196 days, 95% CI 121–270, vs. 304 days, 95% CI 223–384, P=0.01). High pre-operative and peri-operative average dexamethasone (≥8 mg) treatment did not change the peri-operative NLR trend and were not associated with decreased survival.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that an increase in NLR after surgery associates with decreased GBM patient survival
Severe Temozolomide-Induced Thrombocytopenia is Linked to Increased Healthcare Utilisation in Glioblastoma and Disproportionally Impacts Female Patients
Authors: van Hout Leon , Borgo Alessia D , Grun Nienke , Schuur Maaike , Broen Martijn P G , Westerman Bart A , Bartelink Imke , Vandertop W P , Lissenberg – Witte Birgit I , Kouwenhoven Mathilde C M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Thrombocytopenia is a major temozolomide-induced adverse event during the standard treatment of glioblastoma. Consequently, platelet transfusions and treatment modifications may impact quality of life and long-term treatment outcomes. Understanding the impact of thrombocytopenia on healthcare utilisation is crucial to mitigate the need for healthcare resources in glioblastoma patients. Here, we assess the influence of thrombocytopenia-related healthcare among patients diagnosed with glioblastoma.

Methods
We retrospectively collected patient information treated at the Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam between 2008 and 2021. The occurrence of thrombocytopenia, patient demographics, treatment details and healthcare utilisation data were gathered from patients who received standard glioblastoma treatment. Associations between temporal severity of thrombocytopenia as categorised by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, patient characteristics, and healthcare utilisation were analysed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models.

Results
We included 206 patients with a median age of 58 years, 35.9% were female and we found that thrombocytopenia (any grade) occurred in 61.1% of patients. The occurrence of thrombocytopenia during CRT was associated with increased healthcare utilisation and was largest in females who developed grade 4 thrombocytopenia compared to those who did not develop thrombocytopenia (OR=5.9, p&lt;0.001 in females vs OR=4.4, p&lt;0.001 in males). Grade 4 thrombocytopenia was also associated with heightened healthcare utilisation during the adjuvant phase (OR=7.6, p&lt;0.001), and was comparable between sexes.

Conclusions
Severe thrombocytopenia during glioblastoma treatment is linked to increased healthcare utilisation, disproportionally impacting females. These data suggest that prevention and early management of thrombocytopenia can reduce healthcare utilisation in patients with glioblastoma.
Leptospirosis—Improving Healthcare Outcomes for a Neglected Tropical Disease
Authors: Muñoz-Zanzi Claudia , Dreyfus Anou , Limothai Umaporn , Foley Walker , Srisawat Nattachai , Picardeau Mathieu , Haake David A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans. It is particularly common in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America during heavy rainfall when bacterial spirochetes are released from soil into areas of flooding. Despite causing &gt;1 million severe cases, 58 900 deaths, and 2.9 million disability-adjusted life-years annually—exceeding established neglected tropical diseases—leptospirosis remains underrecognized as a neglected tropical disease. It affects occupational groups like farmers due to high prevalence in livestock and is spread by rodents in urban settings that have poor sanitation and infrastructure. Although effectively treated with inexpensive antibiotics, neglect of leptospirosis research and development has led to a lack of awareness and unavailability of preventive and diagnostic approaches. This review covers the geographic prevalence, disproportionate impacts on marginalized communities, and opportunities for improving social, economic, and healthcare burdens for patients with leptospirosis.
Law and State in Ottoman Political Thought
Authors: Yılmaz Hüseyin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Early modern Ottoman political discourse, as mainly articulated in histories and treaties on statecraft, focused on the question of law as the foundation of state and good governance. Principle components and sources of law, the relationship between religion, tradition, and imperial rulings, as well as its boundaries and authority, were problematized and negotiated among the ruling elite. Seventeenth-century bureaucrat-intellectuals, in particular, developed a law-based reasoning in discussing matters of government, and produced a sophisticated law-centric political vocabulary. This approach both reflected and promoted the idea of state that was defined by the law where proper rulership was confined to upholding the law in government. This chapter discusses ideas and visions of law and state, and how they impacted the structure and functioning of the imperial establishment.
What Is the Causal Revolution in Epidemiology and Why Should You Care?
Authors: Schwartz Sharon , Prins Seth J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 discusses why causation matters, reflecting on the causal concepts of the Risk Factor Era that preceded the Causal Revolution and the debates, dubbed the Epidemiology Wars, that marked its decline. Continuities and discontinuities from this era help frame the description of what the Causal Revolution is all about. The chapter then describes the development of the Causal Revolution within epidemiology. It spends considerable time examining the development of a key assumption within epidemiology, known as the well-defined intervention assumption, which became a focal point of debates around the emergence of this new era. The chapter ends with a review of the guidelines and roadmaps that marked its solidification.
Putting More Faces to the Numbers
Authors: Peifer Douglas Carl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents three additional individual case studies of desertion from the Wehrmacht in World War II. The three accounts reinforce the argument that motivations, methods, and outcomes of desertion varied greatly, and that efforts to paint the picture of a typical deserter are misguided. The first case examines the case of a Jehovah’s Witness who refused to report for military duty after receiving his conscription orders. The Third Reich made no provision for conscientious objection and treated those who refused to serve as deserters. The second case explores the case of a young soldier characterized as “asocial” by the court-martial judge assigned the case. The narrative shows how National Socialist worldviews and terminology permeated and influenced the German military judicial apparatus during World War II. The final case analyzes how class, psychiatric disposition, and possibly sexual orientation influenced highly personal decisions about desertion.
“Everything Happened in the Brick Row”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses Louis Armstrong’s life in the “Brick Row” home. It details the poverty-ridden living conditions of the“Brick Row” home where Armstrong would make a lot of memories, regardless of whether they were good or bad. Bullies aside, Armstrong found a lot to embrace in this part of town, including exposure to a completely multiethnic neighborhood. The chapter then notes Armstrong’s experience as he began attending Fisk School in October 1907, a segregated school directly across the street from Brick Row. Armstrong had avoided conflict with the police as best he could to this point in his life, but his first arrest occurred when he was 9 years old.
“Just Wasn’t My Time to Die, Man”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains how Armstrong became accustomed to the many Sicilians and Italians who had come to populate his neighborhood after the families of newly freed slaves had left New Orleans and the South in general. Armstrong had to balance his feeling of pride with a feeling of constant terror born out of the dangerous atmosphere of the honky-tonk. The chapter elaborates on how Armstrong was stabbed, affirming that his days as a pimp were over almost as soon as they started. Armstrong continued the pattern of working odd jobs during the day and playing Matranga’s and anywhere he could at night well into 1918.
Genesis
Authors: Walker Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 presents what information we have about the origins of both books of The Well-Tempered Clavier. For Book I, we have Bach’s own clean copy, an indication of the great importance he attached to the collection. Surviving evidence, which is scanty, suggests that he created the contents in the relatively short span of a couple of years, probably initially for the teaching of his oldest sons, but soon thereafter submitted it as part of his portfolio to the Leipzig town fathers at the time of his application for the Thomaskantor position. Several mid-life circumstances induced him to put together a second book, for which he drew on a number of earlier compositions placed side-by-side with new works. Unlike Book I, Book II seems never to have received a definitive version; indeed, the evidence suggests that Bach continued to tinker with it until he died.
“That Word in My Bible”
Authors: Gopinath Sumanth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Some of the music of the famed country brother duo the Louvin Brothers can be jarring to contemporary music listeners—especially those on US college campuses, which skew to the left. The conservative Baptist fervor of Ira Louvin’s song “Broad Minded” (rec. 1952, rel. 1953) appears in a relatively early recording by the duo. By examining the song’s form, text-melody relationships, and invocation of Black musical practices, this essay argues that what is potentially shocking about the song for contemporary, liberal-minded listeners is as much musical and sonic as it is a matter of linguistics. But musical analysis also allows us to attend to the song’s communicative contradictions: the fire-and-brimstone message of “Broad Minded” is often undermined by its musical setting.
Curious Words and Exaggerated Singing
Authors: Lau Wing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When a phrase is delivered in a way that defies its cultural and stylistic expectations, the result can be humorous, witty, or sarcastic. Building on the YouTube channel Wisecrack’s comedic formula, Stephen Rodgers’s phonetic analysis of songs, and Harald Krebs’s works on compositional distortions, this essay explores how sung phrases subvert expected intonation and stress patterns for comedic effect. The compositional distortion in “Ladies in Their Sensitivities” from Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street exposes the protagonists’ immorality. The performative distortion in “Shpadoinkle” from Cannibal! The Musical conveys light-heartedness. In both examples, the contradictions between expected and sung phrases lessen the horror of the plot while foreshadowing the protagonists’ later denouement.
The Musical Language of Freedom and Oppression in Richard Danielpour and Toni Morrison’s Margaret Garner
Authors: Pau Andrew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This essay is a study of selected passages from Richard Danielpour’s opera Margaret Garner (2005), which sets a libretto by Toni Morrison based on the same real-life story that inspired her novel Beloved. Margaret Garner was an enslaved person who escaped with her family from Kentucky to Ohio in 1856. When the group was recaptured, Margaret killed her daughter rather than see the child returned to slavery. Throughout the two acts of Margaret Garner, Morrison’s words depicting the harrowing experiences of the enslaved people are set by Danielpour using octatonic collections [0,1] and/or [2,3], thus establishing a connection between these pitch collections and the institution of slavery and the toxic masculinity of the antihero, slaveowner Edward Gaines. By contrast, when Gaines seeks escape in youthful memories or when Margaret sings a dreamy lullaby, all traces of octatonicism are purged in favor of pitches from various diatonic and pentatonic collections. The octatonic and diatonic/pentatonic collections are jarringly opposed in several other pivotal dramatic scenes, with Margaret finally choosing death and freedom (represented by the white-key diatonic collection) over continued life in slavery. The opera’s dramatic themes are thus embedded in its musical fabric.
English Diatonic Music 1887â1955
Authors: Riley Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Much English music from the 1890s through the 1950s stands out for its intensive diatonicism: a studied avoidance of chromaticism and an elaboration of the expressive possibilities of purely diatonic writing. This music attempted to convey metaphysical thoughts, elevated feelings, eternity, mysticism, and ecstasy. English diatonic music was a firmly established modern tradition with remarkable consistency of vocabulary across the decades. It was the outcome of a late-Victorian musical reform movement led by Hubert Parry. Parry’s choral ode Blest Pair of Sirens (1887), setting John Milton’s ‘Ode: At a Solemn Musick’, was the most influential composition of the tradition in both style and ethos, and it was still a point of allusion in writings and compositions in the 1950s. Intensive diatonicism can be heard in orchestral and choral-orchestral works; chamber music; solo song; occasional commissions for coronations, festivals, and BBC projects; music for the Anglican liturgy; and opera. Edward Elgar fashioned a personal style out of Parry’s approach, while Ralph Vaughan Williams, Gustav Holst, John Ireland, Herbert Howells, Ivor Gurney, Gerald Finzi, William Walton, and Michael Tippett adopted the idioms of English diatonic music when they wished with technical assurance and an understanding of their meanings and associations. This book is an analytical study of the repertory that focuses on syntactic conventions such as ‘schema’ and ‘topic’. It aims to bring musicological concepts and practice into relationship with informed, sense-making musical experience.
Processional Diatonicism II
Authors: Riley Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the years before World War I, Edward Elgar and Ralph Vaughan Williams took up the new diatonic style of Hubert Parry, developing his ‘processional diatonicism’ in many new directions. In their different ways, each took steps to fulfil what was probably regarded as Parry’s unfinished project. For Elgar processional diatonicism was definitive for his mature style—in fact, his musical ‘persona’—and appears throughout his mature choral and orchestral compositions, whereas for Vaughan Williams it was central only for a while before he developed a distinctive diatonic idiom of his own with a different aesthetic. Both composers treated processional diatonicism in line with Parry’s sensibility as the expression of elevated thoughts and ‘transcendence’. Elgar however was more populist and sometimes overtly nationalist in his treatment of the style than Parry and also at times more concretely religious and even mystical.
Diatonic Pastoral Music, 1914–1925
Authors: Riley Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the 1910s, a new kind of intensively diatonic writing arose among English composers, led by Ralph Vaughan Williams and Herbert Howells, that broke with processional diatonicism. This meant an updated version of pastoral as a musical topic, a new approach to musical form, and a contemplative, at times mystical, sensibility, drawing on the techniques and aesthetics of French modernism (harmonic stasis, parallel root-position triads, modality, and a taste for harmonic sonority over harmonic function) and the aesthetic and melodic contours of plainchant. The new diatonic pastoral style amounted to an attempt to make musical experience anew within deliberately imposed restraints, resulting in meditative states that sometimes led to musical ecstasy. For Vaughan Williams, diatonic pastoral style tended to give way to apocalyptic musical imagery. On this understanding, intensively diatonic pastoral music was a phenomenon that reigned for just a brief period of little more than a decade and ended by 1925.
Stories as Side Dishes
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter elaborates on the function and form of entrepreneurial stories. While entrepreneurial proposals and plans do not constitute stories, they can indirectly reduce doubts about the prospects of entrepreneurial initiatives. Jerome Bruner’s austere definition of stories produced doubts about their centrality in entrepreneurial proposals and plans. The chapter then explains how promoters often start presentations to investors with human-interest stories about their origin, containing life histories and the reasons for starting their ventures. It also looks into the impact of recovery stories as those narratives can help attract and establish personas of determination, resilience, doggedness, and resourcefulness.