bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on dynamic functional networks in stroke patients as assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Xie Hui , Li Xin , Xu Gongcheng , Huo Congcong , Fan Yubo , Li Zengyong , Dou Zulin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Studies have shown that there is heterogeneity in the efficacy bewteen the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), but the neural mechanisms underlying the differences in efficacy remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the specific effects of LF- and HF-rTMS on cortial functional network and the process of neural regulation. A total of sixty-eight patients with hemiplegic motor impairment after stroke were randomly allocated to one of three groups: the LF-rTMS, HF-rTMS, and sham groups. Tissue concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin oscillations in cerebral cortex regions were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the resting and rTMS states. Four specific time-windows were divided from the trial duration to observe dynamic changes in cortical haemodynamic responses. Compared with sham, LF-rTMS significantly induced the activation of the contralesional superior frontal cortex and premotor cortex, and continuously regulated ipsilesional hemisphere functional networks in stroke patients. However, HF-rTMS did not induce a significant neurovascular coupling response. Our study provided evidence that LF- and HF-rTMS interventions induced different neurovascular coupling responses and demonstrated the cortical functional network change process of rTMS in specific time-windows. These findings may help to understand the differences in the efficacy of rTMS modalities.
Novel near-infrared spectroscopy–intravascular ultrasound-based deep-learning methodology for accurate coronary computed tomography plaque quantification and characterization
Authors: Ramasamy Anantharaman , Sokooti Hessam , Zhang Xiaotong , Tzorovili Evangelia , Bajaj Retesh , Kitslaar Pieter , Broersen Alexander , Amersey Rajiv , Jain Ajay , Ozkor Mick , Reiber Johan H C , Dijkstra Jouke , Serruys Patrick W , Moon James C , Mathur Anthony , Baumbach Andreas , Torii Ryo , Pugliese Francesca , Bourantas Christos V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is inferior to intravascular imaging in detecting plaque morphology and quantifying plaque burden. We aim to, for the first time, train a deep-learning (DL) methodology for accurate plaque quantification and characterization in CCTA using near-infrared spectroscopy–intravascular ultrasound (NIRS–IVUS).

Methods and results
Seventy patients were prospectively recruited who underwent CCTA and NIRS–IVUS imaging. Corresponding cross sections were matched using an in-house developed software, and the estimations of NIRS–IVUS for the lumen, vessel wall borders, and plaque composition were used to train a convolutional neural network in 138 vessels. The performance was evaluated in 48 vessels and compared against the estimations of NIRS–IVUS and the conventional CCTA expert analysis. Sixty-four patients (186 vessels, 22 012 matched cross sections) were included. Deep-learning methodology provided estimations that were closer to NIRS–IVUS compared with the conventional approach for the total atheroma volume (ΔDL-NIRS–IVUS: −37.8 ± 89.0 vs. ΔConv-NIRS–IVUS: 243.3 ± 183.7 mm3, variance ratio: 4.262, P &lt; 0.001) and percentage atheroma volume (−3.34 ± 5.77 vs. 17.20 ± 7.20%, variance ratio: 1.578, P &lt; 0.001). The DL methodology detected lesions more accurately than the conventional approach (Area under the curve (AUC): 0.77 vs. 0.67, P &lt; 0.001) and quantified minimum lumen area (ΔDL-NIRS–IVUS: −0.35 ± 1.81 vs. ΔConv-NIRS–IVUS: 1.37 ± 2.32 mm2, variance ratio: 1.634, P &lt; 0.001), maximum plaque burden (4.33 ± 11.83% vs. 5.77 ± 16.58%, variance ratio: 2.071, P = 0.004), and calcific burden (−51.2 ± 115.1 vs. −54.3 ± 144.4, variance ratio: 2.308, P &lt; 0.001) more accurately than conventional approach. The DL methodology was able to segment a vessel on CCTA in 0.3 s.

Conclusions
The DL methodology developed for CCTA analysis from co-registered NIRS–IVUS and CCTA data enables rapid and accurate assessment of lesion morphology and is superior to expert analysts (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03556644).
The “Bubble”: What Can Be Learned from the National Basketball Association (NBA)’s 2019–20 Season Restart in Orlando during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mack Christina D , Merson Michael H , Sims Leroy , Maragakis Lisa L , Davis Rachel , Tai Caroline G , Meisel Peter , Grad Yonatan H , Ho David D , Anderson Deverick J , LeMay Chris , DiFiori John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The National Basketball Association (NBA) suspended operations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. To safely complete the 2019–20 season, the NBA created a closed campus in Orlando, Florida, known as the NBA “Bubble.” More than 5000 individuals lived, worked, and played basketball at a time of high local prevalence of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
Stringent protocols governed campus life to protect NBA and support personnel from contracting COVID-19. Participants quarantined before departure and upon arrival. Medical and social protocols required that participants remain on campus, test regularly, physically distance, mask, use hand hygiene, and more. Cleaning, disinfection, and air filtration was enhanced. Campus residents were screened daily and confirmed cases of COVID-19 were investigated.

Results
In the Bubble population, 148 043 COVID-19 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) tests were performed across approximately 5000 individuals; Orlando had a 4% to 15% test positivity rate in this timeframe. There were 44 COVID-19 cases diagnosed either among persons during arrival quarantine or in non-team personnel while working on campus after testing but before receipt of a positive result. No cases of COVID-19 were identified among NBA players or NBA team staff living in the Bubble once cleared from quarantine.

Conclusions
Drivers of success included the requirement for players and team staff to reside and remain on campus, well-trained compliance monitors, unified communication, layers of protection between teams and the outside, activation of high-quality laboratory diagnostics, and available mental health services. An emphasis on data management, evidence-based decision-making, and the willingness to evolve protocols were instrumental to successful operations. These lessons hold broad applicability for future pandemic preparedness efforts.
A new species ofAustropotamobiusSkorikov, 1907 (Decapoda: Astacidae: Astacidae) from the late Miocene (Messinian) of Slovenia, with remarks on the evolution of European crayfishes
Authors: Gašparič Rok , Audo Denis , Kawai Tadashi , Kolar-Jurkovšek Tea , Marinšek Miha , Jurkovšek Bogdan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCrayfishes are rather rare in the fossil record, limiting our understanding of their evolutionary history. We describe and discuss a fossil crayfish from the Miocene of Slovenia. This fossil, comprising only the cephalothorax, first pereiopod, and another cheliped, seems closely allied to AustropotamobiusSkorikov, 1907, but also bears an epistome and postorbital carina reminiscent of AstacusFabricius, 1775. For these reasons, it is tentatively assigned to Austropotamobius. It differs from all other Austropotamobius species by the shapes of its epistome cephalic lobe, and postorbital carina, and resemble Austropotamobius torrentium (von Paula Schrank, 1803) most due to its ornamentation. It is therefore described as a new species, Austropotamobius plenicarisp. nov. The new species is associated with brackish water ostracods, most likely reworked from slightly older sediments, suggesting a late Miocene (Messinian) age. The origin of this species and its age show it lived long after the split between Astacus and Austropotamobius, and also probably after the split between the two Austropotamobius species (Au. pallipes and Au. torrentium), and may have been contemporary to, and lived in the area of the diversification of Au. torrentium haplotypes.
Description of the first-stage juvenile ofAegla jacutingaMarçal & Teixeira in Marçal, Páez, Souza-Shibatta, Sofia & Teixeira, 2020 (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Frazato Priscila S R , Teixeira Gustavo M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe morphologies of only 10 of the 93 described species of Aegla Leach, 1820 are known. We describe and illustrate the external morphology of newly-hatched, first-stage juveniles of Aegla jacutinga Marçal & Teixeira in Marçal, Páez, Souza-Shibatta, Sofia & Teixeira, 2020 using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) comparing them with the same stage in other congeners and providing diagnostic characters. Aegla is morphologically a conservative genus, which creates many problems in the identification of its many cryptic species. It thus becomes necessary to refine the taxonomic characters used in the taxonomy of the group by providing a new sets of morphological characters to be analyzed.
Comprehensive genomic profiling testing in Japanese castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: results of a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fukushima Takafumi , Goto Keisuke , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Ikeda Kenichiro , Hatayama Tomoya , Yamanaka Ryoken , Iwane Kyosuke , Tasaka Ryo , Kohada Yuki , Takemoto Kenshiro , Kobatake Kohei , Goriki Akihiro , Toshida Asuka , Nakahara Hikaru , Motonaga Masanori , Tokumo Kentaro , Fujii Yasutoshi , Hayes C Nelson , Okamoto Wataru , Kubo Toshio , Matsumoto Takashi , Shiota Masaki , Yamamoto Noboru , Urabe Yuji , Hiyama Eiso , Arihiro Koji , Hinoi Takao , Hinata Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Comprehensive genomic profiling testing using a hybrid-capture next-generation sequencing is commonly used in clinical practice to employ precision medicine in cancer treatment worldwide. In this study, we aimed to analyze the profiles obtained using comprehensive genomic profiling testing that was performed in Japanese castration-resistant prostate cancer patients and to discuss the genetic findings in a real-world setting.

Methods
A total of 60 cases and 57 castration-resistant prostate cancer patients underwent comprehensive genomic profiling testing between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2022. Four types of comprehensive genomic profiling testing were selected, and clinically significant cancer-specific gene alterations were identified.

Results
The median age of patients was 74 years, and the median prostate-specific antigen value at the time of submission was 18.6 ng/ml. Fifty-seven (95%) of 60 cases were metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers, and 3 cases (5%) were non-metastatic. Among all genetic alterations, androgen-receptor alteration was the most frequently detected in 17 cases (28.3%), followed by 15 cases of TP53 (25.0%), 14 cases of CDK12 (23.3%), 10 cases of phosphatase and tensin homolog (16.7%) and 9 cases of ATM (15.0%) mutations. A total of 13 patients (21.7%) received systemic therapy according to the comprehensive genomic profiling testing results. Overall, the survival rate was significantly greater in the group treated through systemic therapy based on comprehensive genomic profiling testing compared with the group without new therapeutic treatment (P = 0.041).

Conclusions
Comprehensive genomic profiling testing is recommended in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients identified as resistant to standard therapy as this can provide a new therapeutic option.
Egg hatching success is influenced by the time of thermal stress in four hard tick species
Authors: Ajayi Oluwaseun M , Oyen Kennan J , Davies Benjamin , Finch Geoffrey , Piller Benjamin D , Harmeyer Alison A , Wendeln Katherine , Perretta Carlie , Rosendale Andrew J , Benoit Joshua B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods responsible for the transmission of disease-causing pathogens to a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including livestock and humans. Tick-borne diseases have been implicated in significant economic losses to livestock production, and this threat will increase as these obligate parasites widen their geographical ranges. Similar to other ectotherms, thermal stress due to changing global temperatures has been shown to influence tick survival and distribution. However, studies on the influence of extreme temperatures in ticks have focused on advanced, mobile stages, ignoring immobile stages that cannot move to more favorable microhabitats. In this study, low- and high-temperature regimens were assessed in relation to egg viability for hard tick species—Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick), Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick), Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick). Tick eggs exposed early in development (freshly laid during early embryo development) were significantly more susceptible to thermal stress when compared with those exposed later in development (late embryo development denoted by a fecal spot). Based on our studies, differences in egg hatching success among treatments were greater than in hatching success when comparing species. Lastly, there was evidence of extreme thermal exposure significantly altering the hatching times of tick eggs for specific treatments. These results provide insights into the critical period for tick egg viability in relation to thermal exposure and tick survival associated with stress and climate change.
Paediatric Cogan Syndrome masquerading as IgA vasculitis
Authors: Ramani Praveen K , Grigorian Florin , Lightle Heidi , Joshi Saumya V 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTPaediatric Cogan Syndrome is a rare and underrecognised autoimmune vasculitis characterised by ocular inflammation and sensorineural hearing loss. Its etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management are not well defined. We report a 12-year-old girl who initially presented with symptoms of IgA vasculitis formerly called Henoch Schoenlein Purpura (HSP) and eventually developed anterior uveitis and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss leading to the diagnosis of atypical Cogan Syndrome. The workup for infectious etiologies and other systemic rheumatologic disorders was negative. The management was multidisciplinary involving Rheumatology, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Audiology. The anterior uveitis responded well to systemic glucocorticoids and Methotrexate, but the hearing loss was grossly progressive warranting a cochlear implant. We are not aware of Paediatric Cogan Syndrome being reported as a mimicker of IgA vasculitis previously in the literature. It is an important finding as IgA vasculitis is prevalent in the paediatric age group and new-onset ocular or vestibular symptoms after IgA vasculitis should alert the clinician to the possibility of Cogan Syndrome. In the absence of well-defined diagnostic criteria, it is crucial to recognise the clinical symptoms of Paediatric Cogan Syndrome for early diagnosis and treatment since the delay in diagnosis can lead to permanent disability.
Poly(l-lactic acid)-based double-layer composite scaffold for bone tissue repair
Authors: Ren Yixing , Ma Chunyang , Yu Yao , Yang Dandan , Zhang Lingling , Wang Huitao , Sun Lei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bone defect is a serious threat to human health. Osteopractic total flavone (OTF) extracted from Rhizoma Drynariae has the effects of promoting bone formation. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) has the function of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Therefore, combining OTF and PNS with poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) to prepare scaffolds containing PNS in the outer layer and OTF in the inner layer is a feasible solution to rapidly remove blood stasis and continue to promote bone formation. In addition, degradation rate of the scaffold can affect the release time of two drugs. Adding Mg particles in outer layer can control the degradation rate of the scaffold and the drug release. Therefore, a double-layer drug-loaded PLLA scaffold containing OTF in the inner layer, PNS and Mg particles in the outer layer was prepared and characterized to verify its feasibility. The experimental results showed that the scaffold can realize the rapid release of PNS and the continuous release of OTF. With the increase of Mg content, the drug release rate became faster. Animal experiments showed that the scaffold containing 5% Mg particles could effectively promote the formation of new bone in the bone defect of male New Zealand white rabbits, and the area and density of new bone formed were much better than those in the control group. These results demonstrated that the double-layer drug-loaded scaffold had good ability to promote bone repair.
Additive and Specific Effects of Elicitor Treatments on the Metabolic Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Cabre Lisa , Jing Lun , Makechemu Moffat , Heluin Kylhan , El Khamlichi Sarah , Leprince Jérôme , Kiefer-Meyer Marie Christine , Pluchon Sylvain , Mollet Jean-Claude , Zipfel Cyril , Nguema-Ona Eric 
Published: October 2023

Several elicitors of plant defense have been identified and numerous efforts to use them in the field have been made. Exogenous elicitor treatments mimic the in planta activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial flg22 or fungal chitins. Early transcriptional responses to distinct PAMPs are mostly overlapping, regardless of the elicitor being used. However, it remains poorly known if the same patterns are observed for metabolites and proteins produced later during PTI. In addition, little is known about the impact of a combination of elicitors on PTI and the level of induced resistance to pathogens. Here, we monitored Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 ( Pto DC3000) following application of flg22 and chitosan elicitors, used individually or in combination. A slight, but not statistically significant increase in induced resistance was observed when the elicitors were applied together when compared with individual treatments. We investigated the effect of these treatments on the metabolome by using an untargeted analysis. We found that the combination of flg22 and chitosan impacted a higher number of metabolites and deregulated specific metabolic pathways compared with the elicitors individually. These results contribute to a better understanding of plant responses to elicitors, which might help better rationalize their use in the field. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Photosynthetic Costs and Impact on Epidemiological Parameters Associated with Ht Resistance Genes in Maize Lines Infected with Exserohilum turcicum
Authors: Navarro Barbara Ludwig , Streit Sebastian , Nogueira Júnior Antonio Fernandes , von Tiedemann Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Northern corn leaf blight, caused by Exserohilum turcicum, is mainly controlled by the use of resistant cultivars. Maize lines carrying individual resistance genes B37 Ht1, B37 Ht2, B37 Ht3, and B37 Htn1 express different defense symptoms having an impact on the photosynthetic activity, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and epidemiological parameters. Plants were inoculated with a race 0 isolate of E. turcicum conferring a compatible interaction with B37 and incompatible interactions with plants carrying resistance genes. Five days postinoculation (dpi), the resistant lines displayed a reduction in leaf CO2 assimilation of 30 to 80% compared with healthy plants. At 14 dpi, inoculated plants of B37 Ht1 showed a significant decrease in leaf CO2 assimilation, similar to B37 (up to 94%). The instantaneous carboxylation efficiency was significantly reduced on inoculated plants of the lines B37 Ht2, B37 Ht3, and B37 Htn1 (54 to 81%) at 5 dpi. Curiously, the reduction in carboxylation efficiency for B37 and B37 Ht1 (up to 95%) was higher at 14 dpi than at 5 dpi (up to 81%). At 6 dpi, low levels of H2O2 were detected in B37 Ht1, in contrast to B37 Htn1, where a high H2O2 level and peroxidase activity were observed. The sporulation rate on B37 Ht1, B37 Ht3, and B37 Htn1 decreased by 92% compared with the susceptible control, whereas strong sporulation occurred in lesions on line B37 Ht2. The resistance in maize to E. turcicum conferred by Ht resistance genes is associated with photosynthetic costs and may have quite contrasting effects on host physiology and major epidemiological parameters, such as sporulation, which contributes inoculum for secondary infections.
An Aphid-Transmitted Virus Reduces the Host Plant Response to Its Vector to Promote Its Transmission
Authors: Krieger Célia , Halter David , Baltenweck Raymonde , Cognat Valérie , Boissinot Sylvaine , Maia-Grondard Alessandra , Erdinger Monique , Bogaert Florent , Pichon Elodie , Hugueney Philippe , Brault Véronique , Ziegler-Graff Véronique 
Published: October 2023

The success of virus transmission by vectors relies on intricate trophic interactions between three partners, the host plant, the virus, and the vector. Despite numerous studies that showed the capacity of plant viruses to manipulate their host plant to their benefit, and potentially of their transmission, the molecular mechanisms sustaining this phenomenon has not yet been extensively analyzed at the molecular level. In this study, we focused on the deregulations induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by an aphid vector that were alleviated when the plants were infected with turnip yellows virus (TuYV), a polerovirus strictly transmitted by aphids in a circulative and nonpropagative mode. By setting up an experimental design mimicking the natural conditions of virus transmission, we analyzed the deregulations in plants infected with TuYV and infested with aphids by a dual transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. We observed that the virus infection alleviated most of the gene deregulations induced by the aphids in a noninfected plant at both time points analyzed (6 and 72 h) with a more pronounced effect at the later time point of infestation. The metabolic composition of the infected and infested plants was altered in a way that could be beneficial for the vector and the virus transmission. Importantly, these substantial modifications observed in infected and infested plants correlated with a higher TuYV transmission efficiency. This study revealed the capacity of TuYV to alter the plant nutritive content and the defense reaction against the aphid vector to promote the viral transmission.
A practical perspective on how to develop, implement, execute, and reproduce high‐resolution respirometry experiments: The physiologist's guide to an Oroboros O2k
Authors: Walsh Maureen A. , Musci Robert V. , Jacobs Robert A. , Hamilton Karyn L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of high‐resolution respirometry (HRR) has greatly expanded the analytical scope to study mitochondrial respiratory control relative to specific tissue/cell types across various metabolic states. Specifically, the Oroboros Oxygraph 2000 (O2k) is a common tool for measuring rates of mitochondrial respiration and is the focus of this perspective. The O2k platform is amenable for answering numerous bioenergetic questions. However, inherent variability with HRR‐derived data, both within and amongst users, can impede progress in bioenergetics research. Therefore, we advocate for several vital considerations when planning and conducting O2k experiments to ultimately enhance transparency and reproducibility across laboratories. In this perspective, we offer guidance for best practices of mitochondrial preparation, protocol selection, and measures to increase reproducibility. The goal of this perspective is to propagate the use of the O2k, enhance reliability and validity for both new and experienced O2k users, and provide a reference for peer reviewers.