bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On silicon nanobubbles in space for scattering and interception of solar radiation to ease high-temperature induced climate change
Authors: Nayfeh Munir , Nayfeh Ammar , Rezk Ayman , Bahceci Ersin , Alnaser Waheeb 
Published: January 2024

A thin film of silicon-based nanobubbles was recently suggested that could block a fraction of the sun’s radiation to alleviate the present climate crisis. But detailed information is limited to the composition, architecture, fabrication, and optical properties of the film. We examine here the optical response of Si nanobubbles in the range of 300–1000 nm to evaluate the feasibility using semi numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations, following the Mie and finite-difference time-domain procedures. We analyzed a variety of bubble sizes, thicknesses, and configurations. The calculations yield resonance scattering spectra, intensities, and field distributions. We also analyzed some many-body effects using doublets of bubbles. We show, due to high valence electron density, silicon exhibits strong polarization/plasmonic resonance scattering and absorption enhancements over the geometrical factor, which afford lighter but more efficient interception with a wide band neutral density filtering across the relevant solar light spectrum. We show that it is sufficient to use a sub monolayer raft with ∼0.75% coverage, consisting of thin (∼15 nm) but large silicon nanobubbles (∼550 nm diameter), to achieve 1.8% blockage of solar light with neutral density filtering, and ∼0.78 mg/m2 silicon, much less than the mass effective limit set earlier at 1.5 g/m2. We evaluated solid counterpart nanoparticles, which may be produced in blowing/inflation procedures of molten silicon, as well as aging by including silicon oxide capping. The studies confirm the feasibility of a space bubble filtering raft, with insignificant imbalance of the correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index characteristics of sunlight.
Understanding carbon storage dynamics in Ayeyarwady delta's mangrove ecosystem in Myanmar: insights for restoration efforts
Authors: Pandey Bikram , Koirala Saroj , Aung Htay , Li Rong , Timilsina Arbindra , Htun Soe Thaw Thaw , Kontny Joacim , Naing Htun Thiri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mangroves are highly valued for their ecosystem services, providing a wide range of ecological, social, and economic benefits, including their role as carbon-rich ecosystems. Recent research suggests that preserving mangrove forests can offer a cost-effective strategy for mitigating CO2 emissions. However, extensive deforestation has placed mangrove ecosystems under severe global threats. Currently, the assessment of mangrove restoration outcomes, particularly regarding soil carbon stocks, is inadequate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of restoration on soil organic carbon (SOC) in Shwe Thaung Yan, Ayeyarwady coastal region of Myanmar. The study aimed to quantify and compare carbon stocks in different soil layers, examine the carbon sequestration potential of various mangrove species, and evaluate the effectiveness of mangrove restoration efforts. Soil samples were collected in 2015 (pre-restoration) and 2021 (post-restoration) at various soil depths and analyzed for SOC concentration, organic matter content, and bulk density using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) procedure. Significant changes in soil properties were observed between 2015 and 2021, with higher SOC and carbon concentrations observed in 2021. The average soil carbon stocks in 2021 (1954.43 ± 33.24 Mg C ha−1) were approximately 2.7 times higher than the estimated carbon stocks in 2015 (732.26 ± 6.99 Mg C ha−1). Furthermore, the study revealed variations in SOC accumulation among different soil depths, with higher carbon stocks found in the upper soil layers. This study highlights the positive impact of mangrove restoration on SOC accumulation and emphasizes the significance of considering soil carbon dynamics in restoration initiatives. The findings offer valuable insights for the conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems, especially concerning their potential for carbon sequestration and their contribution to mitigating climate change.
Urban anthropization: community vulnerability and resilience to flood hazards in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mugisho Gilbert Mubalama , Swedi Davier Pierre , Enock Pamphile Matabaro , Kalembu Marc Irenge , Lukeba Fabrice Nfuamba , Ngezirabona Stany Vwima 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effects of the 2020 floods in Uvira were exacerbated by urban anthropization and climate change. Floods are causing severe human, material, economic, and environmental losses as well as affecting socioeconomic and ecological systems beyond the affected community’s ability. The purpose of this study was to analyze land use changes in Uvira from 1995 to 2021 and to assess the vulnerability and effectiveness of the community’s resilience strategies in response to both the impact of flooding and the risk of future flooding. Data were collected from victims in the municipalities of Kanvinvira and Mulongwe in the city of Uvira, which were severely impacted by the 2020 floods. This study used a mixed approach that combined the spatial analysis of land use and land change with the anthropization of community perceptions of vulnerability and flood mitigation measures. Spatial analysis revealed that anthropogenic land use increased by 4.73% per year between 1995 and 2021. In comparison to the initial surface covered in 1995, this has increased the surface occupied by human activities by 127.7%. Gender, education, and pre-flood professional activity of the household head, combined with pre-flood house construction quality, property ownership, degree of house damage, and family member death, explained households’ resettlement capacity. The Mann–Whitney U test results revealed that households’ vulnerability and resilience to 2020 floods were influenced by their residence municipality (Kanvinvira and Mulongwe) and lifestyle (living at the host site or reintegrating into the community). During and after floods, disaster victims received assistance from the government and stakeholders (churches, civil society, and non-governmental organizations) to mitigate flood effects, but they were unable to restore the lives of hundreds of flood victims. The study’s findings suggest that provincial and local disaster management authorities, as well as stakeholders, should invest in preventive and sustainable flood risk management. Public awareness of flood prevention and mitigation should be increased through capacity-building training, preparedness, and sensitization. Finally, effective adaptation practices are required to reduce future potential damage.
Aesthetically Ideal Breasts Created With Artificial Intelligence: Validating the Literature, Racial Differences, and Deep Fakes
Authors: Wiegmann Aaron L , O’Neill Elizabeth S , Sinno Sammy , Gutowski Karol A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
A female's breasts are integrally tied to her identity and sense of femininity. Despite extensive study of breast aesthetics, there is no discrete formula for the “ideal breast” to guide the aesthetic surgeon. Racial and cultural differences heavily influence preferences in breast morphology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is ubiquitous in modern culture and may aid in further understanding ideal breast aesthetics.

Objectives
This study analyzed AI-generated images of aesthetically ideal breasts, evaluated for morphologic differences based on race, and compared findings to the literature.

Methods
An openly accessible AI image-generator platform was used to generate images of aesthetically ideal Caucasian, African American, and Asian breasts in 3-quarter profile and frontal views using simple text prompts. Breast measurements were obtained and compared between each racial cohort and to that of previously described ideal breast parameters.

Results
Twenty-five images were analyzed per racial cohort, per pose (150 total). Caucasian breasts were observed to fit nicely into previously described ideal breast templates. However, upper-to-lower pole ratios, nipple angles, upper pole slope contours, nipple–areolar complex positions, and areolar size were observed to have statistically significant differences between racial cohorts.

Conclusions
Defining the aesthetically ideal breast remains a complex and multifaceted challenge, requiring consideration of racial and cultural differences. The AI-generated breasts in this study were found to have significant differences between racial groups, support several previously described breast ideals, and provide insight into current and future ethical issues related to AI in aesthetic surgery.

Level of Evidence: 5
Translation and the homosexual canon: Thomas Cannon’s 1749 ‘Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplify’d’
Authors: Ingleheart Jennifer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses the fragmentary apologia for pederasty by Thomas Cannon. Published in pamphlet form in 1749, it was suppressed and prosecuted, and lost to history until its recent recovery. The recovery of the text is only partial, as it was preserved in quoted excerpts in the wording of the indictment against it. Despite its fragmentary state, it is one of the earliest defences of same-sex love, and classical texts and examples naturally form a major part of its argument. Although Cannon’s treatise is important for the history of sexuality and translation studies, it has received limited attention from classicists, despite containing multiple translations from classical authors, together with Cannon’s editorial comments. This paper explores the contribution of the pamphlet to the history of sexuality, through a focus on Cannon’s translations.
Weighing the risks and benefits of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: a case report of left atrial appendage absence in a patient referred for procedural occlusion
Authors: Lapetina Arroyo Roberto , Barrios Brian Monge , Rivera Hilton Franqui , Gotay Antonio Orraca , Marrero Gonzalez Amanda 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The absence of the left atrial appendage is an exceedingly rare structural variant that could have important implications for anticoagulation regimens in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Case summary
We report the case of a 63-year-old Puerto Rican female with a history of hypertension, cerebral artery aneurysms, and type 2 diabetes mellitus who suffered multiple haemorrhagic strokes. The patient had never received anticoagulation therapy. During the indicated stroke work-up, the patient was found to have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Given the patients high risk for thromboembolism and contraindications to anticoagulation therapy, the patient was referred for left atrial appendage occlusion. Pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography failed to identify the left atrial appendage. Evaluation by way of cardiac computed tomography confirmed absence of the left atrial appendage. Left atrial appendage occlusion could not be carried out. The patient had been deemed being at high risk of bleeding, was not anticoagulated, and was instead closely followed. The patient has not had thrombo-embolic events nor has she experienced a haemorrhagic stroke recurrence at follow-up appointments.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first such case report that reports left atrial appendage absence in the setting of multiple haemorrhagic strokes. Given the rarity of the condition and lack of available guidelines, the most viable way to currently manage this patient population is on a case-to-case basis. However, we propose that absence of the left atrial appendage could confer a decreased risk of thrombo-embolic phenomena in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Cangrelor in a challenging scenario of concomitant ischaemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Oliveri Federico , Tua Lorenzo , Camporotondo Rita , Gritti Valeria , Leonardi Sergio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Antithrombotic therapy in acute patients with both high ischaemic and bleeding risks remains challenging.

Case summary
We presented a challenging case involving a 48-year-old man referred to our hospital for headache and a left superior quadrantanopia. A CT scan revealed a right inferior occipital lobe ischaemic stroke. During the hospital stay, the patients developed pulmonary embolism (PE), and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A triple antithrombotic therapy was indicated, but the patient presented with high bleeding (anaemia, active malignancy, ischaemic stroke) and ischaemic (ischaemic stroke, PE, and superimposed STEMI) risks. In this critical acute setting, prolonged cangrelor infusion of reduced dosage, coupled with aspirin and enoxaparin, proved an effective and safe antithrombotic approach.

Discussion
Prolonged cangrelor bridging at a reduced dose of 0.75 μg/kg/min may represent an effective and safe option in acute patients requiring P2Y12 inhibition and presenting both high ischaemic and high bleeding risks.
Short of capacity? Why the government must address the capacity constraints in the English National Health Service
Authors: Charlesworth Anita , Rachet-Jacquet Laurie , Rocks Stephen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A decade of low investment in the English National Health Service (NHS) resulted in strong headline productivity growth but undermined the health system's resilience and left it exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Projected demographic pressures, driven by the aging of the baby-boom generation and the rise in multi-morbidity levels in the population, will add pressures to already stretched health care resources. As the NHS faces the twin challenges of recovering services after the pandemic and meeting care needs from an aging population, our projections of demand for care indicate the NHS almost certainly needs significantly more beds as well as more staff. Productivity improvements in hospital care can reduce the amount of additional resources needed, but this will require significant concomitant investment in community-based health and long-term-care services.
The Jew in the Jamaican, the Amalgam in the Attic: A New View of Bertha Mason in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre
Authors: Stepakoff Shanee 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this essay, I extend the existing scholarship on the character of Bertha Mason Rochester by providing historical and textual evidence that Brontë represents Bertha’s ethnocultural background as an amalgam of Jamaican, Jewish, and Creole. In support of this thesis, I examine passages focusing on Bertha’s father and brother, and I describe the cultural meanings of Spanish Town (Jamaica) and Madeira (Portugal) with regard to Caribbean Jewish creole communities in the nineteenth century and their complex ties to England and the Continent. In contrast to previous claims (e.g. Heidi Kaufman’s), I argue that Brontë imbues Bertha with a literal (vs merely symbolic) Jewish lineage. Also, I consider Brontë’s portrayal of Bertha in relation to gender-specific tropes about Jews, which were familiar to Brontë and her Victorian readers. Furthermore, I discuss the sociopolitical zeitgeist during Brontë’s formative years and in the period in which she wrote Jane Eyre, with an emphasis on the pervasive attempts to evangelize England’s Jews and the vigorous debates about whether to grant Jews political rights in England. Additionally, I examine the phrase ‘stiff-necked’ as it is used in the novel and in the King James Bible, positing that it signifies an unwillingness to change. On the basis of these various forms of evidence, I argue that Brontë’s construction of Bertha as having hybridized Jewish origins helps make her an embodiment of radical otherness and stagnation. In this conceptual framework, the polarity between the ability versus inability to grow emerges as a core theme within the novel.
Culture and Creativity in Organizations
Authors: Miron-Spektor Ella , Paletz Susannah B. F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Creativity is culture dependent. Culture influences how individuals and groups in organizations create new ideas and define and value creativity. In this chapter, we review recent research to highlight new developments in understanding individual and team creativity across cultures. Integrating different streams of research, we review research on cultural values, tightness–looseness, logic, and implicit theories. We discuss the effect of culture on the ability to generate novel and useful ideas and the impact of cultural systems on how people define, evaluate, and develop their creative ideas. Given the increasing reliance on multinational workforces and cross-country transitions of employees, we also consider the impact of multicultural experiences on creativity and the effectiveness and challenges of culturally diverse groups in innovative settings. Finally, we suggest several fruitful directions for future research, including expanding to different tasks, creative processes, and cultures.
Leaders, Followers, and Culture
Authors: Hanges Paul J. , Forgo Emily E. , Butler Alexander I. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we highlight the role that DeRue’s (2011) leader–follower double-interact model plays as a critical, but previously unexplored, mediator for the societal culture-leader/follower interaction relationships. In the proposed model described in this chapter, societal culture influences the frequency and dispersion with which group members can temporarily enact and practice their leadership styles (i.e., DeRue’s double-interact patterns). As a result of these cultural modifications, the double-interact patterns will affect (1) leader and follower schema content, structure, and accessibility; (2) leader and follower identity development and centrality; and (3) regulatory fit or nonfit among group members. All of these factors have been shown to be very important factors affecting leader–follower interactions. Throughout this chapter, several hypotheses for future research are discussed.
Culture and Organizations
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Ferreira Maria Cristina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We provide a review of recent theoretical and methodological advances in the field of culture and organizations. First, we review clusters of culture definitions and discuss major frameworks that have guided international business research. Complementary to these etic approaches, we highlight emic studies that provide culture-specific insights into effective work behaviors. We then describe recent advances in complex systems and evolutionary research that advance our understanding of both cultural similarities and differences, specifically focusing on explanations of why cultural differences may emerge in specific situations and points in time. We finish by discussing methodological and theoretical challenges for the next decade. Some of these challenges, such as the issue of cultural bias and equivalence, are well recognized but continue to pose significant challenges. Other areas, such as big data and massive improvements in statistical computing as well as increasing multiculturalism, offer new opportunities and challenges for organizational researchers.
Recruiting and Selecting with Culture in Mind
Authors: Ryan Ann Marie , Derous Eva 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Organizations operate in a global marketplace for talent. Multinational organizations have moved to adopt centralized employee selection systems, to improve their selection of those for cross-cultural assignments, and to broaden the scope of their recruitment efforts across borders. In all of these efforts, it is important to consider culture in design and implementation efforts. While much has been written on topics such as establishing the measurement equivalence of selection tools across cultures, ensuring positive applicant reactions, and the like, there are emerging issues that require greater theoretical and practical focus. After providing a high-level review of the research to date on culture and recruitment and employee selection, we focus on several focal areas related to assessing cultural competencies in selection, cultural equivalence of selection tools, and use of technologically enhanced methods across cultures. We end with recommendations for future research and practice.
The Study of Work Motivation across Cultures
Authors: Chen Gilad , Kirkman Bradley L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite decades of scholarly attention to theories of motivation, relatively little focus has been placed on cultural differences in motivation theories and constructs. To address this problem, we selectively review the motivation literature, focusing on theories and concepts involving goal-related processes and their antecedents. We then review research examining the main and moderating effects of national culture at individual and collective (i.e., team, organizational, national) levels of analysis. We offer five theoretical insights: (1) Motivation involves many complex, interrelated processes; (2) cultural differences affect various motivational processes and outcomes in distinct ways; (3) individualism–collectivism and power distance have dominated attention related to motivation compared to other cultural values; (4) cultural differences are not well integrated with comprehensive motivation models; and (5) there is a pressing need to better understand both cultural influences on self-regulation (i.e., goal-striving) processes and the role of collective-level cultural differences in motivational processes.
Reconsidering Assumptions about Organizational Justice through the Lens of Culture and Moral Philosophy
Authors: Pandey Niti , Rupp Deborah E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the scope and impact of organizational justice research through lenses that consider both culture and moral philosophy. Our review summarizes justice research by broad topical areas (employee-level issues, employment practices, and organizational characteristics), considering in particular the extant cross-cultural research to date within each category. Building on the work of Shao and colleagues (2013), we present a framework that further integrates multiple philosophical traditions (natural law, deontology, contractualism, utilitarianism, social recognition, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Buddhism) to more fully conceptualize justice motives as they are held across cultures. Our goal is to encourage new theorizing that examines justice as an organizing principle for social cooperation that is sensitive to cultural differences. We conclude by suggesting avenues for new research, specifically aimed at addressing emerging social issues affecting workers around the world.