bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of CD8+ immune memory and enhanced inflammation in a skin inflammation model through pre‐immunization with inactivated pathogens
Authors: Falkenberg Caroline , Bartholdy Christina , Koch Janne , Toft Martin Fitzner , Skov Søren , Hansen Camilla Hartmann Friis , Hansen Axel Kornerup 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLaboratory mice live in specific pathogen‐free (SPF) conditions, resulting in an immature immune system comparable to that of newborns rather than adult humans or mice from pet shops. This condition may compromise their translational value. Reintroducing pathogens would lead to the uncontrolled spread of infections and associated diseases, so research facilities should seek safer alternatives. We immunized laboratory mice with a cocktail of pathogens, which were inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation and mixed with the adjuvant AddaVax. This immunization resulted in a higher percentage of CD8+ effector memory T cells compared to untreated mice, although the response was not as robust as in pet shop mice. In a model of skin inflammation, pre‐immunization led to an increased skin inflammatory response compared to non‐immunized mice. All immunized mice seroconverted to the pathogens in the mixture, while none of the non‐immunized mice housed together seroconverted to the pathogens applied to the pre‐immunized mice. In conclusion, pre‐immunization of mice impacts the immune system, which includes increasing the levels of CD8+ effector memory T cells.
SiC actions on characteristics analysis of AZ91D hybrid nanocomposite by liquid state processing
Authors: Yesuraj K. , Ali Mohammed , Venkatesh R. , Kumar S. Chandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith an inherent lowest density and distinct solubility with enhanced mechanical behavior reason, the magnesium alloy composite is extensively used in the auto and aero sectors. The processing of magnesium alloy found micro‐cracks and voids between the oxidation spot, which fails properties. Through the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) atmosphere, the AZ91D alloy hybrid nanocomposites are synthesized with 10 wt% alumina (Al2O3) and 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt% of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles via a liquid state process with 400 rpm stir speed followed by vacuum die casting. The effect of SiC actions on physical behavior, microstructural formation, and mechanical properties of AZ91D/10 wt%Al2O3, AZ91D/10 wt%Al2O3/3 wt% SiC, AZ91D/10 wt% Al2O3/6 wt% SiC, and AZ91D/10 wt% Al2O3/9 wt% SiC composites are studied and its results compared with cast AZ91D alloy. Due to the actions of SiC in AZ91D/10 wt%Al2O3, the composite density conforms to the rule of mixture, and the void and micro‐cracks are limited (less than 1%) by the impact of the casting process, as evidenced in the microstructural illustration. An effect of 10 wt% Al2O3 and 9 wt% SiC contents in AZ91D facilitates maximum tensile strength of 181 MPa, improved elongation percentage of 2.2%, optimum hardness of 85HV, and superior impact toughness of 21.8 J/mm2, which is higher than the all other compositions.
A meta‐analysis evaluating wound infections and other complications following distal versus complete gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Imam Mohamed S. , Abdel‐Sattar Randa M. , Alotaibi Ghadah Rashed , Alotaibi Khalid Sinhat , Almuthaybiri Nasser Mutiq , Alshahrani Shahad Abdullah , Alghamdi Mohammed Abdulaziz , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis investigation was carried out to measure the wound infections (WIs) and other postoperative problems (PPs) of distal gastrectomy (DG) compared with total gastrectomy (TG) for gastric cancer (GC). A comprehensive literature investigation till February 2023 was used and 1247 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 12 chosen investigations enclosed 2896 individuals with GC in the chosen investigations' starting point, 1375 of them were TG, and 1521 were DG. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to compute the value of the WIs and other PPs of DG compared with TG for GC by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model. TG had significantly higher overall PP (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.15–2.18, p = 0.005), WIs (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.07–2.67, p = 0.02), peritoneal abscess (PA) (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.67–5.36, p < 0.001), anastomotic leakage (AL) (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.21–2.97, p = 0.005) and death (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.17–4.37, p = 0.02) compared to those with DG in individuals with GC. TG had significantly higher overall PP, WIs, PA, AL and death compared to those with DG in individuals with GC. However, care must be exercised when dealing with its values because of the low sample size of some of the nominated investigations for the meta‐analysis.
The cantilever contact‐point resin bonded bridge; adhesion 2.0
Authors: Gresnigt Marco M. M. , Jonker Joyce A. , van der Made Stephan A. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimWhen young patients are congenitally missing anterior teeth, different treatment modalities can be used to complement the dental arch. This article proposes a new treatment modality for the replacement of anterior teeth, the cantilever contact‐point resin bonded bridge (CCP‐RBB).Materials and MethodsIn this proof of principle study, CCP‐RBB's delivered by one operator were clinically assessed. Patients who were missing maxillary incisors and had suitable intra‐oral conditions for a contact‐point cantilever RBB were included. Three cases are presented to describe all adhesive steps. This proof of principle clinical study is presented with up to 60 months follow‐up of the cantilever contact resin bonded bridges.ResultsA total of 19 CCP‐RBB's were evaluated after a mean period of 29.8 months. None of the restorations exhibited failure, carious lesions or fractures during the follow‐up periods, demonstrating an absence of restoration debonding or the need for repair.ConclusionThe new cantilever contact‐point resin bonded bridge exhibited an excellent treatment modality without failure or debonding up to 5 years. More and extended duration in vivo studies are needed to evaluate this new treatment modality.Clinical SignificanceIn this proof of principle the new cantilever contact‐point resin bonded bridge obtained excellent results up to 5 years of clinical follow‐up.
Utilizing non‐human primate models to combat recent COVID‐19/SARS‐CoV‐2 and viral infectious disease outbreaks
Authors: Kwon Taeho 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent times, global viral outbreaks and diseases, such as COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2), Zika (ZIKV), monkeypox (MPOX), Ebola (EBOV), and Marburg (MARV), have been extensively documented. Swiftly deciphering the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and devising vaccines or therapeutic interventions to curtail these outbreaks stand as paramount imperatives. Amidst these endeavors, animal models emerge as pivotal tools. Among these models, non‐human primates (NHPs) hold a position of particular importance. Their proximity in evolutionary lineage and physiological resemblances to humans render them a primary model for comprehending human viral infections. This review encapsulates the pivotal role of various NHP species—such as rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), african green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus/aethiops), pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina/Macaca leonina), baboons (Papio hamadryas/Papio anubis), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)—in investigations pertaining to the abovementioned viral outbreaks. These NHP models play a pivotal role in illuminating key aspects of disease dynamics, facilitating the development of effective countermeasures, and contributing significantly to our overall understanding of viral pathogenesis.
Women with elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension are at high risk for preeclampsia. A retrospective study at a tertiary facility in Japan
Authors: Shindo Ryosuke , Aoki Shigeru , Nakanishi Sayuri , Obata Soichiro , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimIn 2017, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) re‐defined hypertension (HT) as follows: elevated blood pressure (EBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120–129 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <80 mmHg; stage 1 HT, SBP 130–139 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg; and stage 2 HT: SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg. It is well known that women with stage 2 HT are at higher risk of preeclampsia and have poorer pregnancy and delivery outcomes. While there are few reports on the risk in women with EBP and stage 1 HT, and none from Japan. This study aimed to determine whether women in Japan with EBP and stage 1 HT are at risk of preeclampsia.MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective study conducted in Japan, subjects were classified into stage 2 HT, stage 1 HT, EBP, and normal groups based on blood pressure measurements at the time of the first visit before 20 weeks of gestation. Women with a diagnosis of hypertension made before pregnancy were classified into the stage 2 HT group. We compared pregnancy and delivery outcomes, such as preeclampsia, between groups.ResultsA total of 5129 cases (normal, n = 4283; EBP, n = 427; stage 1 HT, n = 303; stage 2 HT, n = 116) were included. Preeclampsia incidence rates were 2.7%, 5.6%, 10.6%, and 21.6%, respectively. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for preeclampsia incidence were 2.90 (1.81–4.66), 5.90 (3.87–9.20), and 13.80 (7.97–24.0), respectively.ConclusionsWomen with EBP and stage 1 HT are at high risk of preeclampsia, similar to those with stage 2 HT.
Melatonin as a chronobiotic/cytoprotective agent in bone. Doses involved
Authors: Cardinali Daniel P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBecause the chronobiotic and cytoprotective molecule melatonin diminishes with age, its involvement in postmenopausal and senescence pathology has been considered since long. One relevant melatonin target site in aging individuals is bone where melatonin chronobiotic effects mediated by MT1 and MT2 receptors are demonstrable. Precursors of bone cells located in bone marrow are exposed to high quantities of melatonin and the possibility arises that melatonin acts a cytoprotective compound via an autacoid effect. Proteins that are incorporated into the bone matrix, like procollagen type I c‐peptide, augment after melatonin exposure. Melatonin augments osteoprotegerin, an osteoblastic protein that inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are target cells for melatonin as they degrade bone partly by generating free radicals. Osteoclast activity and bone resorption are impaired via the free radical scavenger properties of melatonin. The administration of melatonin in chronobiotic doses (less than 10 mg daily) is commonly used in clinical studies on melatonin effect on bone. However, human equivalent doses allometrically derived from animal studies are in the 1–1.5 mg/kg/day range for a 75 kg human adult, a dose rarely used clinically. In view of the absence of toxicity of melatonin in phase 1 pharmacological studies with doses up to 100 mg in normal volunteers, further investigation is needed to determine whether high melatonin doses have higher therapeutic efficacy in preventing bone loss.
Zonated iron deposition in the periportal zone of the liver is associated with selectively enhanced lipid synthesis
Authors: Yang Qiuyuan , Wu Yue , Liu Wei , Ou Xiaojuan , Zhang Wei , Wang Jianning , Chang Yanzhong , Wang Fudi , Gao Ming , Liu Sijin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDisorders in liver lipid metabolism have been implicated in a range of metabolic conditions, including fatty liver and liver cancer. Altered lipid distribution within the liver, shifting from the pericentral to the periportal zone under pathological circumstances, has been observed; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Iron, an essential metal, exhibits a zonal distribution in the liver similar to that of lipids. Nevertheless, the precise relationship between iron and lipid distribution, especially in the pericentral and periportal zones, remains poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted comprehensive in vitro and in vivo experiments, combining with in situ analysis and RNA sequencing, aiming for a detailed exploration of the causal relationship between iron accumulation and lipid metabolism.ResultsOur research suggests that iron overload can disrupt the normal distribution of lipids within the liver, particularly in the periportal zone. Through meticulous gene expression profiling in both the pericentral and periportal zones, we identified pyruvate carboxylase (PC) as a pivotal regulator in iron overload‐induced lipid accumulation. Additionally, we revealed that the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) was indispensable for Pc gene expression when in response to iron overload.ConclusionsIn summary, our investigation unveils the crucial involvement of iron overload in fostering hepatic lipid accumulation in the periportal zone, at least partly mediated by the modulation of Pc expression. These insights offer new perspectives for understanding the pathogenesis of fatty liver diseases and their progression.
A focused review of visible light therapies for vitiligo
Authors: Winkie Mitchell J. , Sakunchotpanit Goranit , Salazar Carlos E. , Gunasekera Nicole S. , Buzney Elizabeth A. , Nambudiri Vinod E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo can be challenging to treat and exhibit an unpredictable clinical course. Phototherapy in the form of visible light can achieve both repigmentation and depigmentation outcomes in vitiligo, with minimal associated adverse events. This review focuses on the mechanistic understandings and clinical outcomes of visible light‐based treatments for vitiligo.MethodsArticles were retrieved from PubMed starting from May 1965 until August 2023, yielding 496 unique articles. We conducted title, abstract, and full‐text screening to identify articles describing the use of visible light (380–750 nm), either as part of combination therapy or as monotherapy, for repigmentation or depigmentation treatment in vitiligo.ResultsTwenty‐seven articles met inclusion criteria, offering preclinical and clinical data regarding the utilization of helium‐neon laser (red light) and blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as methods of repigmentation therapy in vitiligo. Preclinical and clinical data on the utilization of Q‐switched ruby laser (694 nm) and frequency‐doubled (FD) Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) for vitiligo depigmentation therapy were also identified.ConclusionWhile limited by small studies and a lack of standardized administration of phototherapy, the evidence for visible light's effectiveness in managing vitiligo is encouraging. Red light therapy using He–Ne lasers and blue light therapy via LEDs can stimulate repigmentation in patients with vitiligo with minimal adverse events. Q‐switched ruby and FD Nd:YAG lasers provide viable, visible light depigmentation options, either alone or with topical agents. With limited clinical data, larger studies are needed to validate the efficacy of visible light therapy in treating vitiligo and to better understand its long‐term outcomes.
Designing cross‐sector collaboration to foster technological innovation: Empirical insights from eHealth partnerships in five countries
Authors: Verhoest Koen , Callens Chesney , Klijn Erik Hans , Brogaard Lena , García‐Rayado Jaime , Nõmmik Steven 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article examines the impact of partnership design on technological innovation in public‐private innovation partnerships. It develops two competing hypotheses on how specific partnership characteristics lead to innovation in health care services. The study compares 19 eHealth partnerships across five European countries and uses fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis to test the hypotheses. The findings show that small, centralized, and homogeneous partnerships are most successful at achieving technological innovation. The study highlights the importance of partnership design in spurring innovation and calls for a reconsideration of some of the underlying assumptions of collaborative innovation theory.
Dynamics of 2D fluid in bounded domain via conformal variables
Authors: Chernyavsky Alexander , Dyachenko Sergey 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the present work, we compute numerical solutions of an integro‐differential equation for traveling waves on the boundary of a 2D blob of an ideal fluid in the presence of surface tension. We find that solutions with multiple lobes tend to approach Crapper capillary waves in the limit of many lobes. Solutions with a few lobes become elongated as they become more nonlinear. It is unclear whether there is a limiting solution for small number of lobes, and what are its properties. Solutions are found from solving a nonlinear pseudodifferential equation by means of the Newton conjugate‐residual method. We use Fourier basis to approximate the solution with the number of Fourier modes up to .
Comparing a point‐of‐care urine tenofovir lateral flow assay to self‐reported adherence and their associations with viral load suppression among adults on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Phillips Tamsin , Gomba Yolanda , Myer Landon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care (POC) lateral flow assays (LFA) to detect tenofovir (TFV) in urine have been developed to measure short‐term ART adherence. Limited data exist from people living with HIV in routine care.MethodsAdults on TFV‐containing regimens, having a routine viral load (VL) at an HIV clinic in Cape Town, South Africa were enrolled in a cross‐sectional study. Patients recalled missed ART doses in the past three and 7 days and urine was tested using a POC TFV LFA. VL on the day was abstracted from medical records.ResultsAmong 314 participants, 293 (93%) had VL <1000 copies/mL, 20 (6%) had no TFV detected and 24 (8%) reported ≥1 missed dose in the past 3 days. Agreement between VL ≥1000 and undetectable TFV was higher compared to 3‐day recall of ≥1 missed dose (Kappa 0.504 vs. 0.163, p = 0.015). The AUC to detect VL ≥1000 was 0.747 (95% CI 0.637–0.856) for undetectable TFV. This was statistically significantly better than for 7‐day recall (0.571 95% CI 0.476–0.666, p = 0.040) but not for 3‐day recall (0.587 95% CI 0.492–0.681, p = 0.071) of ≥1 missed dose.ConclusionIn this largely virally suppressed cohort, TFV in urine had better agreement with VL than self‐reported adherence and was a better predictor of viraemia on two of three self‐report measures. Used in combination with VL, the POC urine TFV LFA could flag patients with viraemia in the presence of ART. Further research is needed to understand the potential application in different populations on ART, including pregnant women.
Evaluation of the impact of repeated intravenous phage doses on mammalian host–phage interactions
Authors: Tan Xin , Chen Kai , Jiang Zhihuan , Liu Ziqiang , Wang Siyun , Ying Yong , Zhang Jieqiong , Yuan Shengjian , Huang Zhipeng , Gao Ruyue , Zhao Min , Weng Aoting , Yang Yongqing , Luo Huilong , Zhang Daizhou , Ma Yingfei 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Phage therapy has shown great promise for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the lack of a thorough and organized understanding of phage–body interactions has limited its clinical application. Here, we administered different purified phages (
Salmonella
phage SE_SZW1,
Acinetobacter
phage AB_SZ6, and
Pseudomonas
phage PA_LZ7) intravenously to healthy animals (rats and monkeys) to evaluate the phage-induced host responses and phage pharmacokinetics with different intravenous (IV) doses in healthy animals. The plasma and the organs were sampled after different IV doses to determine the phage biodistribution, phage-induced cytokines, and antibodies. The potential side effects of phages on animals were assessed. A non-compartment model revealed that the plasma phage titer gradually decreased over time following a single dose. Repeated doses resulted in a 2–3 Log
10
decline of the plasma phage titer at 5 min compared to the first dose, regardless of the type of phage administered in rats. Host innate immune responses were activated including splenic enlargement following repeated doses. Phage-specific neutralization antibodies in animals receiving phages were detected. Similar results were obtained from monkeys. In conclusion, the mammalian bodies were well-tolerant to the administered phages. The animal responses to the phages and the phage biodistribution profiles could have a significant impact on the efficacy of phage therapy.

IMPORTANCE
Phage therapy has demonstrated potential in addressing multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, an insufficient understanding of phage–host interactions has impeded its broader clinical application. In our study, specific phages were administered intravenously (IV) to both rats and monkeys to elucidate phage–host interactions and evaluate phage pharmacokinetics (PK). Results revealed that with successive IV administrations, there was a decrease in plasma phage concentrations. Concurrently, these administrations elicited both innate and adaptive immune responses in the subjects. Notably, the observed immune responses and PK profiles exhibited variation contingent upon the phage type and the mammalian host. Despite these variations, the tested mammals exhibited a favorable tolerance to the IV-administered phages. This underscores the significance of comprehending these interactions for the optimization of phage therapy outcomes.
Development of LIBRA-seq for the guinea pig model system as a tool for the evaluation of antibody responses to multivalent HIV-1 vaccines
Authors: Vukovich Matthew J. , Raju Nagarajan , Kgagudi Prudence , Manamela Nelia P. , Abu-Shmais Alexandra A. , Gripenstraw Kathryn R. , Wasdin Perry T. , Shen Xiaoying , Dwyer Bridget , Akoad Jumana , Lynch Rebecca M. , Montefiori David C. , Richardson Simone I. , Moore Penny L. , Georgiev Ivelin S. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Consistent elicitation of serum antibody responses that neutralize diverse clades of HIV-1 remains a primary goal of HIV-1 vaccine research. Prior work has defined key features of soluble HIV-1 Envelope (Env) immunogen cocktails that influence the neutralization breadth and potency of multivalent vaccine-elicited antibody responses including the number of Env strains in the regimen. We designed immunization groups that consisted of different numbers of SOSIP Env strains to be used in a cocktail immunization strategy: the smallest cocktail (group 2) consisted of a set of two Env strains, which were a subset of the three Env strains that made up group 3, which, in turn, were a subset of the six Env strains that made up group 4. Serum neutralizing titers were modestly broader in guinea pigs that were immunized with a cocktail of three Envs compared to cocktails of two and six, suggesting that multivalent Env immunization could provide a benefit but may be detrimental when the cocktail size is too large. We then adapted the LIBRA-seq platform for antibody discovery to be compatible with guinea pigs, and isolated several tier 2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Three antibodies isolated from two separate guinea pigs were similar in their gene usage and CDR3s, establishing evidence for a guinea pig public clonotype elicited through vaccination. Taken together, this work investigated multivalent HIV-1 Env immunization strategies and provides a novel methodology for screening guinea pig B cell receptor antigen specificity at a high-throughput level using LIBRA-seq.

IMPORTANCE
Multivalent vaccination with soluble Env immunogens is at the forefront of HIV-1 vaccination strategies but little is known about the influence of the number of Env strains included in vaccine cocktails. Our results suggest that adding more strains is sometimes beneficial but may be detrimental when the number of strains is too high. In addition, we adapted the LIBRA-seq platform to be compatible with guinea pig samples and isolated several tier 2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, some of which share V and J gene usage and >70% CDR3 identity, thus establishing the existence of public clonotypes in guinea pigs elicited through vaccination.