bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Carter Method for the location of sliding surfaces based on a numerical study
Authors: Lin T S , Lu C W , Novanti N A , Lee W L , Lin Y F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to investigate the potential location and magnitude of a landslide, the information regarding the location and shape of the sliding surface is important. However, obtaining such information through underground investigations is costly and time-consuming. A method proposed by Carter and Bentley (1985) provides an approach to predict the sliding surface based on ground surface information. With help of advanced techniques such as UAVs and SAR satellites, Carter’s method has been utilized in field sites of potential landslide areas recently. Geophysical surveys and drilling data are commonly used validation data, but the temporal and spatial resolutions of these data are rough and rare. For this problem, this study generated high temporal and spatial resolution data of landslide behaviour by a physically based model and these data were utilized to investigate the capability and limitations of Carter’s method. Firstly, a scenario of slope failure on a 30-degree slope was performed by a numerical model using the material point method (MPM). Next, Carter’s method was applied to predicted the sliding surface using ground surface data obtained from the MPM simulation, and the results were compared with the sliding surface data from the MPM simulation. Finally, we perform an error analysis using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) to assess the reliability of Carter’s method. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the capabilities and limitations of Carter’s method in landslide analysis and provide insights for improving landslide risk assessment and mitigation strategies.
Case History of Random Material Shear Strength Evaluation using In-situ Large Scale Direct Shear Test in the Construction of the Longest Dam in the Southeast Asian
Authors: Sahadewa A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A modern dam offers many benefits to society, including water conservation, farming sustainability, energy source, and recreational activities. In Indonesia, more than 50 dams are constructed as strategic national projects within the last decade. A zoned earth-fill dam, built using soil and rock materials, is one of the most common dam types in Indonesia. This dam allows a specific material type to be placed in a particular zone, including random material fill zone. A random material is usually obtained from dam excavation work as well as borrow area. It normally contains wide range of grain sizes and a variety of weathering degree. On one hand, this material is very economic. On the other hand, it introduces a challenge in shear strength assessment. Random material frequently contains large size grain that inhibits regular laboratory test use. A catastrophic Indonesian dam construction failure in 2021 was partly attributed to inadequacy in assessing shear strength of random material. This case history highlighted the importance of a proper random material shear strength evaluation. The other dams coincidentally under construction at that time then experienced rigorous shear strength evaluations, including Semantok Dam in Nganjuk, East Java. This dam, designed to be approximately 33-m max high and 3.1-km long, is the current longest dam in the Southeast Asian. An in-situ large scale direct shear device as large as 80 cm × 80 cm × 30 cm was developed to test random material in Semantok Dam. Eight locations in random fill zones were selected. Three series of direct shear test were conducted in each location. Testing results based on 24-large size sample showed a great variability in Mohr-Coulomb parameters. The angle of internal friction ranged from 11.4° to 36.7° with average value of 27.8°, whereas the cohesion varied from 25.3 kPa to 138.6 kPa with average value of 85.2 kPa. High variation in shear strength parameters showed that such test should be performed to verify the design parameter. This in-situ large scale direct shear test provides an appealing method to assess shear strength of random material. This large-scale test is strongly recommended for a common practice in dam construction.
Mitigation of Slope Failure in Residential Area Located Southwest of Jakarta
Authors: Gunawan Anthony 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A slope with soil from soft to medium consistency is at risk of slope failure. This situation occurred in a residential area located Southwest of Jakarta. Due to heavy rainfall, a slope next to an existing road which runs alongside a river experienced slope failure. Three alternatives were considered to prevent occurrence of slope failures. The methods considered were mechanically stabilized earth retaining wall, and sheet pile with two possible positions, i.e., crest of slope or mid-slope. In this paper, the three alternatives are presented. Due to a second slope failure which occurred, sheet pile installed at the crest of the slope was chosen as it provides the quickest installation time to stabilize the slope.
Shallow Coastal Carbonate Sediment Mapping for Biomimetics MICP, Case Study of Indonesia Beachrock, Yogyakarta
Authors: Daryono L R , Nakashima K , Kawasaki S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The nomenclature for beachrock sedimentary has been in scientific discussions prior to the notable methodology of sustainable cementitious binding material based on microbially induced calcium carbonate (MICP). Typically, coastal erosion mitigation involves modifying surface conditions using materials like concrete, among other materials. This study aims to challenge the conventional practice by evaluating the feasibility of expeditiously constructing artificial beachrock utilizing natural components (e.g., microbes, sand, shells, coral fragments, seaweed, etc.) and propose it as an innovative coastal protection strategy. The primary focus of this research is to characterize the Java South coast, specifically Parangtritis Beach and Krakal-Sadranan Beach, where beachrock formations are present. Subsequent investigations were conducted to (i) identify occurrences of beachrock deposits in Krakal-Sadranan, Yogyakarta, and (ii) develop cementation method based on ureolytic bacteria derived from naturally formed beachrock as an alternative technique for stabilizing sandy coastal environments. The experiment employed bacteria isolated from the Yogyakarta coast (Pseudoalteromonas tetradonis). The outcomes revealed that the sample treated with a gradually injected cementation solution achieved an approximate strength of 10 MPa after a 14-day treatment.
Engineering geology for site characterization in Tunnel 2 Bintang Bano irrigation area, West Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Suryani Fitri , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Setiawan Nugroho Imam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Site characteristics develop a better understanding of geological conditions to prevent tunnel failure. Tunnel 2 Bintang Bano Irrigation Area in Seloto, West Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara Province, was designed with different interpretations of geological conditions that could lead to inaccuracy of the tunnel design. This paper aims to identify the characteristics of the tunnel site area through engineering geology, including morphological and lithological unit, geological structure, and geomechanics, which are rock mass characterization using Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Tunnelling Quality Index (Q-system), for the excavation planning area. This area is identified as volcanic landforms categorized as lava ridges with steep slopes and alluvial plains with very sloping slopes. The lithologies are altered andesite and gravelly sand unit. Altered andesite with tuff intercalation was found in the subsurface. The tunnel is projected to be excavated in rock mass with dominantly fair rock with ratings (±40≤RMR≤65/±4.33≤Q-System≤8.67) approximately 60% of the excavation area, ±30% area of good rock (63≤RMR≤69/10.67≤Q-system≤11.40) and 10% poor rock (26≤RMR≤40/1≤Q-system≤3.57).
An empirical assessment of selection excavation methods and support system in Budong-Budong Dam diversion tunnel, Central Mamuju, West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Elya H , Hendrayana H , Indrawan I G B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Budong-Budong Dam is located on Salulebo River, West Sulawesi Province, and has a diversion tunnel to divert river flow so as not to interfere with construction at the main dam. This diversion tunnel has a D shape which is dimensions 5 m. The Method used in empirically assessing rock mass quality is Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE). The data used are RMR values and rock-type categories. The results show that the diversion tunnel is in lithology tuffaceous sandstone intercalation tuffaceous siltstone and tuffaceous breccias. Weathering degree from slightly-weathered to highly-weathered. The dominance RMR value is 27-53 and rock-category is CII with L massif rock type. The excavation method based on RMR is top-heading and bench and the excavation method based on JSCE is a full-face method with an auxiliary bench cut. Support systems proposed by RMR and JSCE are rock-bolts, shotcrete, and steel sets (steel support). Even though it has been done empirically, it needs to be considered for modeling to be effective and efficient.
Value engineering and its application in the Tehran-Shomal freeway project
Authors: Biglar Mozaffar , Aftabi Milad , Hosseini Shilan , Rahimi Babak , Zohrabi Mehdi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Tehran-Shomal freeway is a significant road project in the Middle East, connecting Tehran to northern Iran. Spanning 121 kilometers, the project includes four sections, 195 tunnels, and 83 bridges. The unique topography of the Alborz Mountains necessitates various structures. Value Engineering is crucial in minimizing construction time and costs while maintaining quality. This paper focuses on the application of Value Engineering in the Tehran-Shomal freeway project, specifically on the 27-30 east lane variant. Alternative variants were considered to address potential challenges. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to compare three alternatives, leading to the replacement of the initial plan with an integrated long tunnel. This offered numerous advantages, including cost and time reduction, improved route geometry, environmental preservation, reduced geotechnical issues, and increased safety. A significant milestone was the successful implementation of the alternative variant, passing under the west lane in specific sections. This required extensive instrumentation, controlled blasting, and a customized support system. This article presents illustrations of the plans and tunnel construction under special circumstances, along with a detailed technical-financial comparison between the integrated long tunnel and the combined option of bridges, tunnels, and false tunnels in variant 27-30.
Strength Characteristics of Clay Soil Admixed with Sand and Ca-based Stabiliser for Reduced Carbon Emissions
Authors: Chong W-A , Chan C-M , Cheong P-C , Sani S , Yahya N F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Clay is exhibited as plastic and sticky when a large amount of water is added to it. A stabilisation trial was developed using mixes of clayey sand and chemical stabilisation for the soil. Clayey sand samples were prepared by mixing different sand-clay ratios (5S5C, 7S3C, 9S1C and 10S0C). Then, chemical stabilization was applied by adding Ca-based binding agent at different ratios of 0%, 2% and 4% of the total weight of the clayey sand samples. A series of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests were performed on the clayey sand samples at four curing times (3, 7, 14 and 28 days). The materials utilised in this study were river sand, lateritic clay and Ca-based binding agent. The results showed that the UCS of clayey sand increases with stabiliser content and curing time. The UCS of 5S5C with 2% stabiliser was found to be increased significantly from 135.25 kPa to 977.41 kPa after 3 curing days. It complies with the Malaysia Public Works Department (MPWD) standards, i.e. the minimum UCS requirement of 800 kPa. In addition, the elastic modulus of clayey sand increased with cement content, indicating that the soil’s stiffness increased with increasing cement content. It is recommended to add Ca-based binding agent at 2% to the 5S5C due to economic cost. Nearly 50% of quantity, cost and number of transportations could be saved by using the Ca-based binding agent.
The adaptability of soybean high yield varieties and farmer preferences in dry land area
Authors: Yusron Muchamad , Handoko Sigid , Tan Siti Sehat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Soybean development is currently directed to dry land areas. To support this program, IAARD has released some new varieties with a yield potential above 3 tons/ha. The aim of this study was to know the adaptability of new varieties of soybean and farmers preference in dry land areas. The field experiment was conducted in Grobogan Regency, using factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was fertilizer dosage combined with bio fertilizer and the second factor was five soybean varieties. Farmer preference test was performed by interviewing the respondents. Measurements of the farmer attitudes, opinions, and perceptions was done using Likert scale. The results showed that Grobogan variety was better adapted to the dry land conditions of Grobogan Regency. The application of fertilizers combined with biofertilizers increased soybean growth and production. The highest plant (52.42 cm) and the highest soybean yield (2.165 t/ha) were obtained in the farmer’s dosage treatment combined with biofertilizers. The order of farmers preference for the tested varieties was Grobogan, Biosoy, Devon, Dega and Detap. These preferences were mostly based on crop productivity, seed size, seed availability, and ease of selling the yield.
Collection and inventory of pests on several sorghum varieties
Authors: Nonci N , Sebayang A , Arief R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The research with aim of collecting and inventorying several pests of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moech) crops was carried out in Bajeng Agricultural Technology Research and Development Installation, Gowa District, South Sulawesi, and Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute from March until October 2021 and from March until July 2022. Observations on 11 sorghum varieties (Mandau, UPCA-S1, Numbu, Kawali, Super 1, Super 2, Suri 3, Suri 4, Soper 6, Soper 7, and Soper 9) and several types of pests attacked were carried out at vegetative and generative stages by determined 25 plant samples at random. The results in 2021 showed that at vegetative stages, pests were Ostrinia furnacalis Gueene, Sesamia inferens Walker, Spodoptera frugiferda JE Smith, and Aphis sp. each with a population of 1-3 larvae/plant, 5-13 larvae/plant, and 1-2 larvae/plant respectively, while the scoring of Aphis sp. between 5-7 for all varieties of sorghum. At the generative stage of O. furnacalis and Nola sorghiella Riley was found with a population between 3-5 larvae/panicle, 9-13 larvae/panicle, and a score of Aphis sp. between 5–9. In 2022 at the vegetative and generative stage, the same pests’ species were found with O. furnacalis were 1-2 larvae/plant, S. inferens 3-5 larvae/plant, and S. frugiferda 1-2 larvae/plant. The score of Aphis sp. was between 5-7 for all varieties. At the generative stage, O. furnacalis, N. sorghiella, Heliothis sp., and Aphis sp. were found. Each pest species was 3-5 larvae/panicle, 9-13 larvae/panicle, and 1-2 larvae/panicle while scoring for Aphis sp. between 5-9.
Detection of bacterial pathogen on corn plants and test the potential of endophytic microbes to controlling stewart wilt disease in vitro
Authors: Muis Amran , Djaenuddin Nurasiah , Nonci Nurnina , Najamuddin Erwin , Pakki Syahrir , Mirsam Hishar , Suriani  , Amran Farizah D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of synthetic pesticides to increase maize production sustainably contributes to increasing the development of pathogens and tends to be less effective in environmental conditions that support pathogens. In addition, the emergence of environmental pollution due to the use of chemicals causes the need for environmentally-friendly control technologies. Endophytic microbes are biological agents that can be used to plant disease control that is environmentally friendly and practical in their application. The study aimed to detect pathogenic bacteria that cause wilt and blight in maize and then examine the potential of several endophytic microbial isolates in controlling Stewart wilt pathogens in maize in vitro. The research was carried out from February to July 2021 at the Cereal Crop Research Institute Laboratory in Maros for morphological identification and microbial potential testing, while serological tests were carried out at the Makassar Plant Quarantine Laboratory, South Sulawesi. The study began with detecting pathogenic bacteria serologically using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The results showed that blight symptoms on corn isolated from the experimental garden of IP2TP Bajeng Gowa Regency PS-4 and PS-5 were detected as bacteria Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. The antagonistic test of endophytic bacterial isolates I.A1, II.D1, III.A2, IV.B2, and endophytic fungi isolates AC-1, AC-3, and DC-5 was able to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria isolates PS-4 and PS-5 The growth suppression of pathogenic bacteria was observed by forming inhibitory zones of antibiosis compounds. Pathogenic bacteria Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii can be controlled using endophytic microbes.
Optimization of the use of local feed ingredients from agricultural waste against the weight of broiler chicken carcasses
Authors: Praptiwi I I , Wahida  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Feed is made from a mixture of ingredients that contain nutrients needed by livestock, these feed ingredients are the result of agricultural production and agricultural production waste. This study aims to determine the body weight of broiler chickens with feed derived from agricultural waste in Merauke Regency. This study used a randomized group design with 3 treatments and 3 repeats (A1: mash feed, A2: pellet feed without adhesive, A3: Pellet feed using adhesive). The results of research using feed ingredients derived from agricultural waste in Merauke Regency showed that the highest broiler carcass weight was obtained in the pellet feed treatment using adhesive with a value of 992 gr, then at the A2 treatment (Pellets without adhesive) of 962.67 gr, and finally the carcass weight was obtained at the A1 (Mash) treatment, amounting to 932 gr, the maintenance time for 35 days. This shows that Merauke Regency’s agricultural waste can be used as feed ingredients.
Effect of shoot pruning and chicken manure on fruit set and yield of cayenne pepper grown on a sandy dryland soil
Authors: Jaya I K D , Jihadi A. , Sudirman  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Improving the soil properties of a sandy dryland and carbohydrate allocation in crops grown on it is vital for crop production. This study explores the potential benefits of applying chicken manure and shoots pruning on fruit sets and the yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) grown on sandy dryland soil. An experiment testing a hybrid variety of cayenne pepper (Dewata 43) was conducted in Gumantar village, North Lombok, Indonesia (8.253654 S, 116.285695 E). Chicken manure treatment consisted of three levels; no chicken manure, chicken manure, and Trichoderma-enriched chicken manure at 3.5 ton ha−1. Pruning consisted of two levels; unpruned and pruned at three weeks after planting. The treatments were arranged factorially in a randomized block design with three replications. The study revealed that the soil was low in organic matter and had low nutrient content. Pruning did not show a significant effect, but chicken manure affected the fruit set and yield of cayenne pepper. Trichoderma-enriched chicken manure produced the highest fruit set (93%) and fruit weight per plant (286 g). The highest yield up to the fifth harvest was much lower than the variety’s yield potential, indicating room for improvement in cayenne pepper production in sandy dryland soils.
Effect of various formulations of Piper aduncum botanical pesticide and concentration levels on fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) 01213/16 Tropical strain 4 and VCG 01218 strain 1
Authors: Nurmansyah  , Idris Herwita , Riska  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pathogen of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence (Foc) Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) 01213/16 (Tropical strain/TR4) and VCG 01218 (strain1) are the cause of wilt disease in banana. Plant-based pesticides are an alternative environmentally friendly substance that can control plant pathogens. This study aims to obtain a formulation of Piper aduncum oil with several essential oils to suppress the growth development of two Foc strains that cause wilt disease in banana plants. This study used a complete randomized design in factorial, where the first factor is the type of formulation: F1 = 25% P. aduncum leaf oil, F2 = P. aduncum leaf oil with lemongrass leaf oil (Cymbopogon flexiosus), F3 = P. aduncum oil with citronella leaves (Andropogon nardus), F4 = P. aduncum oil with Ceylon cinnamon leaf oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), F5 = P. aduncum oil with Padang cinnamon leaf oil (C. burmanii), F6 = P. aduncum oil with cloves leaf oil (Eugenia aromatica) F7=P. aduncum oil with wild ginger oil (Elettariopsis slahmong). The second factor is the concentration level: 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm. The results showed that diameter of mycelium between Foc VCG01213/16 and VCG01218 did not differ significantly. However, there were significant differences in the botanical pesticide formulations used. P. aduncum oil formulation mixed with cloves leaf oil and ceylon cinnamon oil at a concentration level of 3000 ppm had better inhibition of colony diameter, namely for Foc VCG01213/16 (90.55% and 88.08%) and on Foc VCG 01218 (90.72% and 89.85%). Likewise, for the inhibition of colony biomass, the best formulation is the P. aduncum oil mixed with cloves leaf oil and with ceylon cinnamon oil, the concentration level at 3000 ppm for Foc VCG 01213/16 were 96.64 and 95.80%, respectively. In contrast, for Foc VCG 01218 were 96.00% for both.
Characteristic of grain and rice quality from five superior varieties support food sustainability
Authors: Prahardini P E R , Fidiyawati E , Antarlina S S , Sudaryono T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rice is the main food crop consumed by no less than 270 million of Indonesians. The provision of the main food (rice) in the future the challenge is getting heavier. Research on the characterization of grain and rice quality of five superior varieties of rice, namely Inpari 32, Inpari 42, Inpari 45, Inpari Nutrizinc, and Pamelen. Research was conducted from August until October 2021 in post-harvest laboratory AIAT East Java Malang, using a group design with 5 replicates. Grain quality anaysis includes weight, moisture content, rice yield, density, length/width ratio, and colour. While rice quality includes thick, length/width ratio, yield, whole grains, head grain, broken grain, damaged grain, and rice organoleptic test. Grain and rice quality analysis based on SNI. Result shown that Inpari 32, Inpari 45, and Pamelen grains weight greater than others. Inpari 42, Nutrizinc, and Pamelen varieties slimmer than others. However, Inpari 32 showed the highest rice yield, which was 70.13%, while the lowest rice was shown by the Inpari Nutrizinc variety at 64.87%. Based on the precentage of broken grain, 5 rice varieties can be catagorized as medium grade 1, 2, and 3. Based on organoleptic test of five varieties by panelist with an average score of 5.