bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordination strategies and concept of operations implemented during activation of public health emergency operations center for COVID-19 response in Pakistan
Authors: Tahir Majid Ali , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Ikram Aamer , Chaudhry Tamoor Hamid , Amir Afreenish , Tahir Muhammad , Haq Ijaz Ul , Zaki Shahbaz Ahmed , Salam Arslan , Wali Sidra , Munir Wasay , Salman Muhammad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPublic health emergency management systems encountered difficulties in developing countries, especially in Pakistan. The COVID-19 pandemic was extremely challenging for different agencies/departments in Pakistan. Health emergency management depends on a well-established public health emergency operations center that could generate a coordinated response to emergencies. We conducted an assessment of public health emergency response coordination implemented during the COVID-19 at strategic level. This was mix-method qualitative study. Primary data was collected by using a structured questionnaire, and secondary data was collected by desk review. The agencies engaged in pandemic response at the national level in Pakistan were included in the assessment. The overall score of the emergency response coordination system during COVID-19 was 49% for all agencies. We found that agencies faced challenges in leadership, legislation, and financing issues during the pandemic response (44%). None of the agencies had a fully developed framework for joint planning and response system for health emergencies. Roles and responsibilities attached to designated agencies in response were relatively clear (55%) for most of the agencies. Effective public health emergency response is based on multi-departmental coordination, resource mobilization, and clear roles for each agency. Pakistan must proactively address these challenges for pandemic response in future.
Using smartphones to optimise and scale-up the assessment of model-based planning
Authors: Donegan Kelly R. , Brown Vanessa M. , Price Rebecca B. , Gallagher Eoghan , Pringle Andrew , Hanlon Anna K. , Gillan Claire M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModel-based planning is thought to protect against over-reliance on habits. It is reduced in individuals high in compulsivity, but effect sizes are small and may depend on subtle features of the tasks used to assess it. We developed a diamond-shooting smartphone game that measures model-based planning in an at-home setting, and varied the game’s structure within and across participants to assess how it affects measurement reliability and validity with respect to previously established correlates of model-based planning, with a focus on compulsivity. Increasing the number of trials used to estimate model-based planning did remarkably little to affect the association with compulsivity, because the greatest signal was in earlier trials. Associations with compulsivity were higher when transition ratios were less deterministic and depending on the reward drift utilised. These findings suggest that model-based planning can be measured at home via an app, can be estimated in relatively few trials using certain design features, and can be optimised for sensitivity to compulsive symptoms in the general population.
Exosomal CircMFN2 Enhances the Progression of Pituitary Adenoma via the MiR-146a-3p/TRAF6/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Wan Haitong , Gao Xiang , Yang Zexu , Wei Leiguo , Qu Yufei , Liu Qi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial endocrine tumor, but no precise target has been found for effective prediction and treatment of PA.
Methods Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) analysis showed that circMFN2 could affect the expression of miR-146a-3p in PA samples. Moreover, we used Western blotting to evaluate the expression levels of TRAF6 and NF-κB markers. The EdU assay, scratch wound healing assay, and Matrigel invasion assay were performed to assess the potential function of this pathway in PA cells. Based on the bioinformatic analysis including KEGG, gene ontology (GO) analysis, and microarray analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of circMFN2 as a potential biomarker for diagnosing PA, and we aimed to determine the mechanism of action in PA cells.
Results Our findings indicate that there is a significant increase in the expression of circMFN2 in tissues, serum, and exosomes in the invasive group compared with the noninvasive and normal groups. Furthermore, this difference was statistically significant both preoperatively and postoperatively. To clarify its function, we downregulated this gene, and the experimental results suggested that the motility and proliferative capacity were reduced in vitro. In addition, rescue assays showed that miR-146a-3p could successfully reverse the inhibitory effect of circMFN2 knockdown on motility and proliferation in PA cells. Moreover, downregulation of circMFN2 and miR-146a-3p significantly changed the expression of TRAF6 and NF-κB.
Conclusion This study identified that circMFN2 regulates miR-146a-3p to promote adenoma development partially via the TRAF6/NF-κB pathway and may be a potential therapeutic target for PA.
Cobb Syndrome Associated with Spinal Cavernoma – Case Report
Authors: Filho Paulo Moacir Mesquita , Lucena Luan , Devens Leticia Bassani , Dias Luana Rossato , Gregol Bruno Missio , Azambuja Jr Nério Dutra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCobb syndrome, or cutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis, is a rare condition that affects young adults, and its etiology has not been completely elucidated. It is characterized by a cutaneous sign, or stigma, associated with spinal or intracranial malformations. The symptoms are quite diverse, but, in most cases, the disease presents motor deficit and pain. The present study reports the case of a 48-year-old female patient, who initially sought dermatological medical care for a single skin lesion in the posterior cervical region. During the excision, it was noticed that the lesion had contiguous behavior to the deep anatomical planes, thus requiring the evaluation of the neurosurgical team. The purpose of this report is to describe this rare disease, covering more details about diagnosis and therapy.
Compressive Myelopathy Caused by Arachnoid Cyst and Extramedullary Hematopoietic Tissue in a Patient with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Amaral Leandro Custódio do , Pedrosa Hugo Abi-Saber Rodrigues 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThalassemias, inherited diseases of hemoglobin synthesis, are characterized by the presence of deficient hemoglobin chains that deposit in red blood cells, inducing hemolytic anemia. Extramedullary hematopoiesis represents a compensatory picture that usually affects the liver, the spleen, and lymph nodes. The involvement of the epidural space with spinal cord compression is extremely rare. Our objective was to describe the case of RMS, 31 years old, male, β-thalassemia major carrier, admitted with 2-month progressive paraparesis and urinary retention due to medullary compression by extramedullary hematopoietic tissue and thoracic arachnoid cyst, and to discuss therapeutic options. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an extensive intraspinal and extramedullary lesion with homogeneous contrast enhancement of T3-T11 in addition to a T1-T3 cystic lesion isointense to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). After the presumed diagnosis of spinal cord compression by proliferative hematopoietic tissue, a 10-session fractional radiotherapy treatment was immediately performed. After the radiotherapy treatment, the neurological deficits of the patient persisted despite the excellent image response with almost complete disappearance of the intraspinal mass. However, the MRI showed a persistent T1-T3 cystic lesion with significant mass effect on the spinal cord. The patient was submitted to microsurgery for total resection of this cystic lesion. In the postoperative period, the patient improved his sphincter control and motor deficits. Medullary compression by extramedullary epidural hematopoiesis is a rare complication in thalassemic patients and may be treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy. There are successful cases with the exclusive use of radiotherapy, especially in extensive lesions.
The spatiotemporal variations of total column ozone concentration over Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Abebaw Bizuneh , Seid Abdu Mohammed , Damtie Baylie , Parakash Raju U. Jaya 
Published: November 2023

We have studied spatiotemporal characteristics of ozone concentration over Ethiopia using data from the Ozone Mapper and Profiling Suite-Nadir Mapper (OMPS-NM). Daily total column ozone data of 108 observation points with spatial resolution 1° × 1° over the study area for the period of 2012–2019 have been analyzed. The spatial variations over the region have been studied by considering longitudinal and latitudinal bands separately through the sample mean difference among different bands using multi-comparison analysis of variance technique in order to identify the clusters in the region. For the temporal variability, we model the total column ozone timeseries observation as a sum of seasonal, trend, and temporally correlated noise components. We have found that the total column ozone concentration has a maximum value of 301DU during summer on August 18, 2013 and a minimum value of 216DU during winter on January 03, 2013 over the study period. The 95% confidence level of the overall mean of the total column ozone concentration during the study period was found to be (261.35 ± 2.38)DU. Our spatial data analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of ozone over Ethiopia can be classified into three clusters: southern cluster (4.5°N–8.5°N and 33.5°E–47.5°E), north-eastern cluster (9.5°N to 14.5°N and 41.5°E–47.5°E), and north-western cluster (9.5°N–14.5°N and 33.5°E–40.5°E). We have checked the coefficient of determination among bands in the same cluster to see if the concentration of ozone in one band can be explained by the concentration in another band for each cluster and confirmed the reliability of the classification. In order to capture temporal characteristics, we have computed the spectral periodogram for each cluster and obtained a power peak at frequency f = 0.002 768 Hz, which indicates that the ozone concentration over the region exhibits an annual cyclic behavior. A truncated Fourier series fit is used to determine the annual seasonal component. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall’s trend test with a 95% confidence level of significant has indicated a decreasing linear trend with a depletion rate of 0.77, 0.73, and 0.43 DU/yr over north-western, north-eastern, and southern clusters, respectively. The analysis of residuals for each cluster indicated that the residuals are normally distributed with no significant outliers, and the model explains 85%, 86%, and 79% of the variance in the north-western, north-eastern, and southern clusters, respectively, demonstrating the reliability of the model considered in this study.
H2O–HCN complex: A new potential energy surface and intermolecular rovibrational states from rigorous quantum calculations
Authors: Vindel-Zandbergen Patricia , Kȩdziera Dariusz , Żółtowski Michał , Kłos Jacek , Żuchowski Piotr , Felker Peter M. , Lique François , Bačić Zlatko 
Published: November 2023

In this work the H2O–HCN complex is quantitatively characterized in two ways. First, we report a new rigid-monomer 5D intermolecular potential energy surface (PES) for this complex, calculated using the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory based on density functional theory method. The PES is based on 2833 ab initio points computed employing the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set, utilizing the autoPES code, which provides a site-site analytical fit with the long-range region given by perturbation theory. Next, we present the results of the quantum 5D calculations of the fully coupled intermolecular rovibrational states of the H2O–HCN complex for the total angular momentum J values of 0, 1, and 2, performed on the new PES. These calculations rely on the quantum bound-state methodology developed by us recently and applied to a variety of noncovalently bound binary molecular complexes. The vibrationally averaged ground-state geometry of H2O–HCN determined from the quantum 5D calculations agrees very well with that from the microwave spectroscopic measurements. In addition, the computed ground-state rotational transition frequencies, as well as the B and C rotational constants calculated for the ground state of the complex, are in excellent agreement with the experimental values. The assignment of the calculated intermolecular vibrational states of the H2O–HCN complex is surprisingly challenging. It turns out that only the excitations of the intermolecular stretch mode can be assigned with confidence. The coupling among the angular degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the complex is unusually strong, and as a result most of the excited intermolecular states are unassigned. On the other hand, the coupling of the radial, intermolecular stretch mode and the angular DOFs is weak, allowing straightforward assignment of the excitation of the former.
Sex of co-twin in utero environment does not alter reproductive fitness of Australian Merino sheep
Authors: Kleemann David O. , Walker Simon K. , Kelly Jennifer M. , Ponzoni Raul W. 
Published: November 2023

Context Reproductive efficiency in ewes can vary widely depending on their fertility (pregnancy rate) and fecundity (litter size) and on their ability to rear multiple litters. Litter size and sex are important factors that contribute to lamb mortality, and hence reproductive efficiency. However, little is known about their interaction when fetuses of either sex grow in utero as co-twins, nor the impact that this interaction has on subsequent performance in domestic flocks. Aims and methods We examined the effect of type of birth (single, twin) and of sex of co-twin (F, F[F], F[M], M, M[M], M[F] where the symbol within brackets indicates sex of co-twin) on birth weight, survival to weaning, weaning and hogget liveweights and scrotal circumference. In addition, reproductive performance (fertility, fecundity, lamb survival, weaning rate) of female progeny was examined as well as the performance of their lambs (birth and weaning weight). This large-scale study (>13 000 lambing observations) was conducted with Australian Merino sheep from four studs, mated over nine annual cycles. Key results Sex of co-twin had no effect on birth weight and on later stages of growth. Sex of co-twin altered survival, with fewer of the M[M] class surviving to weaning compared with other co-twin classes (P < 0.05). Scrotal circumference did not vary between the male classes. Although reproductive performance (fecundity, lamb survival, weaning rate) was greater in ewes twin to a male (F[M]) than in single females (F) (P < 0.05), this difference could be due to greater genetic merit of twin versus single-born progeny. Conclusions Reproductive performance of females with a male co-twin exceeded that of single females; the difference could be due to greater genetic merit of twin-born ewes rather than a direct effect of in utero environment. There was no difference between females with a male co-twin and females with a co-twin of the same sex. Reproductive capacity of males was not affected by co-twin class or type of birth. Implications These results suggest that an increase in twinning rate by managerial or genetic means will not result in undesirable side effects due to sex of co-twin in utero.
Synthesis of scale-like nano-hydroxyapatite and preparation of biodegradable woven scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Zhang Ying , Peng Hao-Kai , Ren Hai-Tao , Lin Jia-Horng , Liu Xing , Lou Ching-Wen , Li Ting-Ting 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bone tissue engineering scaffolds should have bone compatibility, biological activity, porosity, and degradability. In this study, flake-like hydroxyapatite was synthesized by hydrothermal method and mixed with sodium alginate to make a gel, which was injected into a hollow braid. Porous and degradable SA/n-Hap woven scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying technology. The morphology of hydroxyapatite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction. The scaffolds were characterized by an improved liquid replacement method, compression test, and degradation test. The results showed that the hydroxyapatite synthesized at 160 °C had a scaly morphology. The prepared scaffold had a pore size of 5–100 μm, a porosity of 60%−70%, and a swelling rate of more than 300%. After 21 d the degradation rate reached 5.54%, and a cell survival rate of 214.98%. In summary, it is feasible to prepare porous bone scaffolds for potential bone tissue engineering. This study shows the feasibility of applying textile structures to the field of tissue scaffolds and provides a new idea for the application structure of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Gynaecology in older women
Authors: Savage Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gynaecology in older women is not a popular topic in the literature, nor does it merit a chapter heading in the average textbook, although since the conference on ‘Health Care for Older Women’ a new book on the topic has been published. I have defined older women as those over the age of 65, and have started by looking at the incidence of gynaecological cancers as a cause of death relative to other reasons for older women dying. These data have been presented in Table 4.1 as a death rate per 1000 women in the relevant age-group.
Successful ageing: the product of biological factors, environmental quality, and behavioural competence
Authors: Baltes Margret M , Reichert Monika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Successful ageing seems a contradiction in terms. In general, the term successful or optimal refers to gains accrued, whereas the term ageing refers to losses experienced. This holds true even if ageing represents a much more differentiated picture (as proven amply by empirical research) characterized by both gains and losses and by great heterogeneity.
Hospital Infection Control
Authors: Mehtar Shaheen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The spread of infection is a major problem in developing countries but the principles of effective control are the same throughout the world. However, alternative methods are sometimes necessary due to a lack of resources, such as clean water, electricity, or disposables. Recommendations for control of infection in the industrial countries are often not based on good evidence, and simpler methods can be equally effective; for example, clinical waste (apart from syringe needles) represents a minimal infection hazard, and provided it is handled and stored safely, does not require incineration as a control of infection measure. A return to the production of reprocessible items such as syringes and gloves may also be worth-while in the absence of reliable supplies of single-use items. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, and the resultant requirement for new antibiotics can considerably increase the cost of infection control. The rapid spread of HIV infection in some countries has also emphasized the need for good infection control techniques.
Infection control and management structure
Authors: Mehtar Shaheen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Cooke report (1988) recommends that every hospital in the UK should have an Infection Control (IC) team. However, in other, developing, countries infection control is in its infancy and often relies on the goodwill of staff. Unfortunately, infection control programmes in these countries are often given little credibility, although effective control measures have been found to save hospitals significant amounts of money and are therefore vital for economic, as well as for patient health, reasons.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Efficacy (benefits) and safety are the basic starting points for evaluating the overall utility of a health care technology. If a technology is not efficacious, it could not be used, and if its efficacy is unknown, statements about its overall value cannot be made. In addition, efficacy and safety data are needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a technology (see Chapter 8). Neither the need for a technology nor it appropriate u e can be established without good information on efficacy and safety.
The assessment of surgical practice
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The assessment of surgery in a formal sense has been limited. The Office of Technology Assessment (496) concluded in 1983 that ‘The impact of RCTs on surgery has been minimal, largely because RCTs in surgery are the exception rather than the rule’. None the less, the situation seems to be changing slowly. Since the land-mark publication Costs, risks, and benefits of surgery in 1977 (99), surgery has been subject to increasing scrutiny.
The assessment of drugs
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perhaps more information is available on the efficacy and safety of drugs than of any other technology. The main reason that this is true is because of the regulation of pharmaceutical products, which requires manufacturers to test drugs rigorously before they can be marketed. At the same time, organizations that fund technology assessments pay a great deal of attention to drugs. For example, a study by the OTA published in 1978 and based on 1975 data found that of the 755 clinical trials supported by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) in that year, 400 tested drugs in isolation, while another 135 tested drugs in relation to another possible intervention (487). It should also be noted, how ever, that more than 300 of the 400 trials of drugs tested cancer chemotherapy. What this may indicate is that information on drugs may vary quite a lot, depending on the type of drug and its possible uses.
The development and assessment of health care technology in Mexico
Authors: Cruz Carlos , Frenk Julio , Martuscelli, Jaime , Faba Gladys 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mexico is a federal republic covering an area of almost 2000 square kilometers. The 1990 census reported a total population of 81. 1 million inhabitants, 72 per cent of whom reside in urban areas (354). In 1989, the country had a gross domestic product (GDP) of 200 730 million dollars, with a GDP per capita of US$ 2010. The average annual growth rate was 3 per cent during 1965-1989. Mexico is a country with a heavy external debt of US$95 642 million.
Selected experiences of other countries
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The development of health care technology is an international activity. Bio medical researchers in different specialized fields work hard to know exactly the state of research in their own areas, especially through reading journals and attending international conferences. Industry is international as we11, with a large multinational industry dealing with health products. A health research finding anywhere in the world may lead to a technology.
Personality and psychological environment
Authors: Muir John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Physiology links stress to the fight and flight reaction, whilst in psychology increasing stress is related to improving performance on a curve which peaks at an optimum level and then deteriorates. Pathophysiology relates extreme stress to sudden death —the fate of John Hunter when flatly contradicted at a hospital board meeting. With this background to heighten curiosity and fervour, researchers in the last 40 years have addressed the task of searching for a relationship between stress, personality, environment, and disease. The results provide intriguing conflicts in findings and have led to swings in consensus.