bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering the Electrical and Optical Properties of WS2 Monolayers via Defect Control
Authors: Bianchi Michele Giovanni , Risplendi Francesca , Re Fiorentin Michele , Cicero Giancarlo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials as tungsten disulphide (WS2) are rising as the ideal platform for the next generation of nanoscale devices due to the excellent electric‐transport and optical properties. However, the presence of defects in the as grown samples represents one of the main limiting factors for commercial applications. At the same time, WS2 properties are frequently tailored by introducing impurities at specific sites. Aim of this review paper is to present a complete description and discussion of the effects of both intentional and unintentional defects in WS2, by an in depth analysis of the recent experimental and theoretical investigations reported in the literature. First, the most frequent intrinsic defects in WS2 are presented and their effects in the readily synthetized material are discussed. Possible solutions to remove and heal unintentional defects are also analyzed. Following, different doping schemes are reported, including the traditional substitution approach and innovative techniques based on the surface charge transfer with adsorbed atoms or molecules. The plethora of WS2 monolayer modifications presented in this review and the systematic analysis of the corresponding optical and electronic properties, represent strategic degrees of freedom the researchers may exploit to tailor WS2 optical and electronic properties for specific device applications.
Borocarbonitride‐Based Emerging Materials for Supercapacitor Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sithara , Patra Abhinandan , Manasa G. , Belgami Mohammed Arkham , Mun Jeong Sang , Rout Chandra Sekhar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSupercapacitors have emerged as a promising energy storage technology due to their high‐power density, fast charging/discharging capabilities, and long cycle life. Moreover, innovative electrode materials are extensively explored to enhance the performance, mainly the energy density of supercapacitors. Among the two‐dimensional (2D) supercapacitor electrodes, borocarbonitride (BCN) has sparked widespread curiosity owing to its exceptional tunable properties concerning the change in concentration of the constituent elements, along with an excellent alternative to graphene‐based electrodes. BCN, an advanced nanomaterial, possesses excellent electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and a large specific surface area. These factors contribute to supercapacitors' overall performance and reliability, making them a viable option to address the energy crisis. This review provides a detailed survey of BCN, its structural, electronic, chemical, magnetic, and mechanical properties, advanced synthesis methods, factors affecting the charge storage mechanism, and recent advances in BCN‐based supercapacitor electrodes. The review embarks on the scrupulous elaboration of ways to enhance the electrochemical properties of BCN through various innovative strategies followed by critical challenges and future perspectives. BCN, as an eminent electrode material, holds great potential to revolutionize the energy landscape and support the growing energy demands of the future.
Understanding the Role of Trapezoids in Honeycomb Self‐Assembly—Pathways between a Columnar Liquid Quasicrystal and its Liquid‐Crystalline Approximants
Authors: Cao Yu , Scholte Alexander , Prehm Marko , Anders Christian , Chen Changlong , Song Jiangxuan , Zhang Lei , He Gang , Tschierske Carsten , Liu Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuasiperiodic patterns and crystals—having long range order without translational symmetry—have fascinated researchers since their discovery. In this study, we report on new p‐terphenyl‐based T‐shaped facial polyphiles with two alkyl end chains and a glycerol‐based hydrogen‐bonded side group that self‐assemble into an aperiodic columnar liquid quasicrystal with 12‐fold symmetry and its periodic liquid‐crystalline approximants with complex superstructures. All represent honeycombs formed by the self‐assembly of the p‐terphenyls, dividing space into prismatic cells with polygonal cross‐sections. In the perspective of tiling patterns, the presence of unique trapezoidal tiles, consisting of three rigid sides formed by the p‐terphenyls and one shorter, incommensurate, and adjustable side by the alkyl end chains, plays a crucial role for these phases. A delicate temperature‐dependent balance between conformational, entropic and space‐filling effects determines the role of the alkyl chains, either as network nodes or trapezoid walls, thus resulting in the order‐disorder transitions associated with emergence of quasiperiodicity. In‐depth analysis suggests a change from a quasiperiodic tiling involving trapezoids to a modified one with a contribution of trapezoid pair fusion. This work paves the way for understanding quasiperiodicity emergence and develops fundamental concepts for its generation by chemical design of non‐spherical molecules, aggregates, and frameworks based on dynamic reticular chemistry.
One‐Pot Reversible Complexation‐Mediated Polymerization (RCMP) from Benzylic Alcohols for Facile Access to Polymer‐Grafted Lignin
Authors: Jiang Bo , Zheng Yichao , Goto Atsushi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of methacrylic and acrylic polymers from benzylic alcohols (R−OH) used as initiating moieties was developed. R−OH was converted to alkyl iodide (R−I), and the generated R−I was used as an initiator without purification or isolation in the subsequent reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP), leading to one‐pot RCMP from R−OH. As a useful application, this technique was exploited for one‐pot polymer‐grafting from lignin that is the second most abundant renewable carbon‐source on earth and bears benzylic alcohols. The direct initiation from lignin eliminates tedious initiator attachment and purification, offering a facile access to polymer‐grafted lignin. The obtained polymer‐grafted lignin was utilized to form an efficient UV‐absorbing film with high transparency in visible region. One‐pot RCMP may serve as a practical method to obtain value‐added functional lignin‐polymer composites.
Synthese und photophysikalische Eigenschaften von lumineszenten Phenothiazinyl‐Merocyanin‐substituierten Polyacetylenen
Authors: Pisetsky Wladislaw , Budny Piotr , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEine neue Generation löslicher Phenothiazinyl‐Merocyanin‐substituierter Polyacetylene wurde mittels Rhodium‐katalyisierter Polymerisation der entsprechenden 3‐Ethinyl‐Phenothiazine dargestellt. Die Monomere sind über Sonogashira‐Kupplung und Knoevenagel‐Kondensation zugänglich. UV/Vis‐ und fluoreszenzspektroskopische Untersuchungen der 7‐Acceptor‐substituierten Phenothiazinyl‐Polyacetylene zeigen, dass diese Polymere mit konjugiert verknüpften Merocyaninen in Lösung mit positiver Emissionssolvatochromie lumineszieren und in bestimmten Fällen eine ausgeprägte Festkörperlumineszenz aufweisen.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Luminescent Phenothiazinyl Merocyanine Substituted Polyacetylenes
Authors: Pisetsky Wladislaw , Budny Piotr , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new generation of soluble phenothiazinyl merocyanine substituted polyacetylenes can be readily synthesized by rhodium‐catalyzed polymerization of the corresponding 3‐ethynyl phenothiazines, accessible by Sonogashira coupling and Knoevenagel condensation. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy of 7‐acceptor‐substituted phenothiazinyl polyacetylenes reveal that these polyacetylenes with conjugatively ligated merocyanines are luminescent in solution with positive emission solvatochromism and, in some cases, with distinct solid‐state luminescence.
Improved cure characteristics and mechanical properties of an epoxidized natural rubber filled with cerium oxide nanoparticles: Influence of epoxide levels and filler loading
Authors: Jantachum Punyarat , Phokha Sumalin , Hunpratub Sitchai , Chanlek Narong , Utara Songkot 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, CeNP) were used as a nanofiller in epoxidized natural rubber with varying epoxide levels, including 25% epoxidation (ENR‐25) and 50% epoxidation (ENR‐50). Co‐precipitation methods were employed to synthesize a pure phase of CeNP with an average particle size of 11.4 ± 2.0 nm. CeNP was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of CeNP loading with 0–3 parts per hundreds of rubber (phr) on the properties of rubber nanocomposites was explored. ENR‐25 nanocomposites with 1 phr of CeNP exhibited higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to ENR‐50 nanocomposites. These findings correspond to a lower Payne effect, improved scorch safety, and better processability. The strongest and most effective CeO2–ENR interactions via silane linkages are expected to outperform sulfur crosslinking in ENR‐25 having 1 phr of CeNP. Microstructural evaluation of an ENR‐25 sample containing 1 phr of CeNP indicated well‐distributed nanofillers in the ENR‐25 matrix, indicating that CeNP and ENR‐25 appeared to be well‐matched. Hardness of all ENR nanocomposites increased with CeNP loading. The cracking resistance, creep properties, and thermal stability of rubber nanocomposites were unaffected by addition of CeNP in the ENR‐25 and ENR‐50 samples.
Prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences and autism in Scottish primary schools 2018–2022
Authors: Maciver Donald , Rutherford Marion , Johnston Lorna , Roy Anusua Singh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the prevalence of neurodevelopmental needs among children in primary schools in Scotland. Two groups were identified: autistic learners and a larger group of learners who had neurodevelopmental differences. These differences encompassed any need for additional support in various domains, including communication, interaction, emotional regulation, coordination, movement, and cognition. A two‐phase process was employed, drawing on data from a cross‐sectional study followed by a secondary analysis of a population census. In the first phase, a random sample of 688 children with additional support needs from 22 schools participated. Demographics, support characteristics, and neurodevelopmental needs were identified. Results revealed that 76.89% of children with additional support needs exhibited a need type consistent with a neurodevelopmental difference. In the second phase, data from the Scottish Government Annual Pupil Census, covering all state‐provided primary school children between 2018 and 2022, were analyzed. Modeling was conducted using data from the first phase to estimate prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences. Data on autism were directly extracted from the census. Analysis revealed an increase in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences and autism. The prevalence of autism rose by 31.98%, with 2.60% of primary school children identified as autistic in 2022. Similarly, the prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences increased by 10.57%, with 16.22% of primary school children exhibiting such differences in 2022. Across 32 localities, regional variations in prevalence were observed. These findings show the substantial number of neurodivergent children within Scottish primary schools and emphasize the need for a neurodevelopmentally informed approach to inclusive education.
Stabilizing Zn Anodes with Interfacial Engineering for Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Wen , Shao Yingbo , Yan Ruiqiang , Zhong Yijun , Ning Jiqiang , Hu Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have been regarded as a promising candidate for the next‐generation energy‐storage devices due to their intrinsic safety, low cost, resource abundance, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the commercial applications of ZIBs have been largely plagued by the instability of the Zn anodes. Interfacial engineering arises as a straightforward and effective method to address the instability issues for the development of high‐performance ZIBs. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent progress and perspective in interfacial engineering techniques to stabilize Zn anodes in ZIBs is presented. With emphasis on the critical issues regarding the instability problems, including Zn dendrites, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), corrosion and passivation, the major effects and the underlying mechanisms are analyzed, and the corresponding interfacial engineering strategies as well as analytical technologies are summarized. The existing challenges and opportunities in interfacial engineering are also prospected for the future development of high‐performance ZIBs.
Importance of First Cycle Conditions on the Electrochemical Performance of Hard Carbon and Prussian White Based Sodium‐Ion Batteries Using Fire Resistant, Fluorine‐Free Electrolyte
Authors: Buckel Alexander , Hall C. Aram , Ma Le Anh , Colbin L. O. Simon , Eriksson Henrik , Mogensen Ronnie , Younesi Reza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrolytes based on sodium bis(oxolato)borate (NaBOB) in organophosphates (trimethyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate (TEP)) have shown promise in sodium‐ion batteries when compared to conventional electrolytes in that they are fire resistant, fluorine‐free and are of lower toxicity. However, these electrolytes tend to exhibit low initial Coulombic efficiency and high overpotentials. We have here demonstrated that NaBOB in TEP can be used in cells with near‐commercial capacity loadings. Furthermore, we have shown that formation cycle conditions have a significant positive effect on the cell performance in these higher mass loading cells, and that modification of the formation cycle conditions can be used to increase the capacity retention, lower the overpotentials, and as such increase the rate capability. The viability of optimized formation protocols was also demonstrated in scaled up prototype cells.
Adsorbents for the purification and recovery of biocompounds: An updated review
Authors: Castro Luiz Eduardo Nochi , Sganzerla William G. , Costa Josiel M. , Souza Fernando Manzotti , Rostagno Mauricio A. , Forster‐Carneiro Tania 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecently, the development of techniques to produce detoxified biocompounds has attracted much research interest. This study reviews adsorbents for application in the purification and detoxification of biocompounds, aiming to identify the field's knowledge gaps, trends, updates and hotspots. This review focuses on the description of the types of adsorbents (activated carbon, zeolites, clays, clay minerals and biosorbents) and their activation methods (chemical and physical) for laboratory and industrial adsorption. The adsorbents that stand out are activated carbon and chitosan‐based adsorbents. Moreover, there is a research trend toward using adsorbents to purify bioactive compounds, sugars and amino acids. Finally, adsorbents underscore a growing global research interest in exploring effective treatments for removing various combinations.
Music always helps: Associations of music subject choices with academic achievement in secondary education
Authors: Levstek Maruša , Elliott Daniel , Banerjee Robin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between music qualification choice and academic performance in secondary education in England at Key Stage 4 (KS4; usually at ages 15 and 16). We analysed data from 2257 pupils at 18 educational settings in a city in the southeast of England. Two regression analyses with clustered errors modelled KS4 music qualification choice and GCSE academic achievement in English, Mathematics and other English Baccalaureate subjects, while controlling for a range of demographic, academic and socio‐economic variables. Choice of music as a subject at KS4 was positively associated with the total volume of KS4 qualifications entered for examination and was also predicted by coming from an affluent neighbourhood. Furthermore, this choice of music at KS4 was associated with greater academic performance on English Baccalaureate subjects above and beyond other significant predictors (gender, language, prior academic achievement, total volume of KS4 qualifications and neighbourhood socio‐economic status; local Cohen's f‐squared = 0.09). These results point to moderate but significant additive effect of studying music at KS4 in relation to performance on core GCSE subjects. We also found that schools with KS4 music qualification choice greater than the national average were higher in overall academic attainment, in the proportion of pupils attending extra‐curricular instrumental lessons, and in our composite measure of school's engagement with a local music education hub. The results are interpreted in light of sociological theories of education in an attempt to better understand the underlying systemic factors affecting youth music engagement.
How robust are socio‐economic achievement gradients usingPISAdata? A case study from Germany
Authors: Jerrim John , Zieger Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale international achievement studies such as PISA have been widely used to study how educational inequality compares across countries. Yet the various different biases that may affect these estimates are often not considered or are poorly understood. In this paper we draw upon the total survey error framework to provide a case study of the potential biases affecting estimates of the socio‐economic achievement gaps using PISA data from Germany. The results illustrate how procedural and measurement errors have a substantial impact upon estimates of socio‐economic achievement gradients in Germany, including how it compares with other countries. This leads us to conclude that estimates of socio‐economic achievement gaps using the PISA data for Germany do not seem to be particularly robust. More generally, we argue that better articulation and reporting of such challenges with comparing socio‐economic achievement gaps using large‐scale international assessment data such as PISA are needed.
Phage display selection of a Pb(II) specific peptide and its application as a biorecognition unit for colorimetric detection of Pb(II) ions
Authors: Korkmaz Nuriye , Kim Minyoung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhage display technology employs a library of engineered filamentous M13 viruses infecting only bacteria. In this study, the genuine phage display selection technique was applied to identify a Pb(II) specific peptide. After three rounds of positive selection against Pb(II) coated agarose‐based beads and the consecutive negative screenings against interfering metal ions (Al(III), Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Zn(II)), a final phage library with enhanced Pb(II) binding was obtained. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses confirmed the selective Pb(II) binding of the enriched viruses. Twenty monoclonal phage plaques were randomly selected, single stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) were isolated and sequenced. Sequencing results revealed four different peptide sequences. Pb9 peptide (KASPYIT) showing the most specific Pb(II) binding was selected for detection studies. Pb9 was synthetically synthesized with additional three cysteine (3xCys) units at C‐terminal. Twenty nanometers AuNPs were functionalized with Pb9‐3xCys peptides through Au‐thiol (Au‐S) interaction. A colorimetric Pb(II) detection system was validated using the engineered peptide‐AuNP complex at a calculated LOD of around 11 nM (3σ/k, n = 6) for the case study. The detection system was Pb(II) selective over various metal ions (Ag(II), Al(III), Au(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr (III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II)). Such metal ion specific peptides can be further studied to develop simple, user friendly and cost‐effective tools to design alternative detection and bioremediation systems for a circular economy.
Effects of co‐fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and inulin on beany flavor and physicochemical quality of soy yogurt in a multiple lactic acid bacteria fermentation system
Authors: Fang Xue , Ye Han , Chen Mengdan , Chen Xiaodie , Chen Minghui , Chen Jiayi , Kong Wenhui , Wang Qiqi , Zhang Zuoyong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSoybean yogurt is a nutritious, healthy, and environmentally friendly plant‐based beverage. However, the product's beany flavor and coarse texture have reduced consumer acceptance. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of cofermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and inulin on beany flavor and physicochemical quality of soy yogurt in a multilactic acid bacteria fermentation system.FindingsThe cofermentation of L. plantarum and inulin could effectively reduce the beany flavor compounds. With the increase of fermentation time, the lactic acid bacteria number gradually increased, the pH value decreased significantly (p < .05) from about 6.8 to 4.5, and the titratable acidity eventually reached about 50°T. When adding 0.04% (wt/vol) L. plantarum, as the rise of inulin from 3% to 9%, the color of soy yogurts showed golden yellow, the values of L*, a*, b*, and ∆E changed nonsignificantly (p > .05), and the viscosity, hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness significantly (p < .05) increased. When inulin was incorporated at 6% (wt/vol), the soy yogurt had the most outstanding water‐holding capacity (72.46%), dense and uniform protein gel microstructure, suitable adhesiveness (−37.55 g s), and optimal overall acceptance.ConclusionsSoy yogurt prepared from soymilk by adding 6% (wt/vol) inulin and inoculating 3% (wt/vol) lactic acid bacteria mixture (Lactobacillus bulgaricus:Streptococcus thermophilus = 1:4, wt/wt) and 0.04% (wt/vol) L. plantarum had the optimal overall acceptance.Significance and NoveltyThe results would provide a new reference method for the industrial production of low‐beany flavor and high‐quality soy yogurt.
Self‐Assembly of Discrete Oligomers of Naphthalenediimides in Bulk and on Surfaces
Authors: Corbet Christiaan H. W. A. , van den Bersselaar Bart W. L. , de Waal Bas F. M. , Reynaerts Robby , Mali Kunal S. , De Feyter Steven , Jonas Alain M. , Meijer E. W. , Vantomme Ghislaine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHere, we report on the synthesis of discrete oligomers of alkyl‐bridged naphthalenediimides (NDIs) and study their molecular nanostructures both in bulk, in solution, and at the liquid‐solid interface. Via an iterative synthesis method, multiple NDI cores were bridged with short and saturated alkyl‐diamines (C3 and C12) or long and unsaturated alkyl‐diamines (u2C33 to u8C100) at their imide termini. The strong intermolecular interaction between the NDI cores was observed by probing their photophysical properties in solution. In bulk, the discrete NDI oligomers preferentially ordered in lamellar morphologies, irrespective of whether a saturated or unsaturated spacer was employed. Moreover, both the molecular architecture as well as the crystallization conditions play a significant role in the nanoscale ordering. The long unsaturated alkyl chains lead preferably to folded‐chain conformations while their saturated analogues form stretched arrangements. At the solution‐solid interface, well‐defined lamellar regions were observed. These results show that precision in chemical structure alone is not sufficient to reach well‐defined structures of discrete oligomers, but that it must be combined with precision in processing conditions.