bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of brine concentration and scalding on survival of some pathogens in urfa cheese: a traditional white‐brined turkish cheese
Authors: Barbaros Ozer Hamdi , Uraz Güven , Beyzi‐Yilmaz Ebru , Ferit Atasoy Ahmet 
Published: July 2004

SummaryThe survival of Staphylococcus aureus (St. aureus), Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Eschericia coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri) and Salmonella enteritidis (Sa. enteritidis) in urfa cheese (a traditional white‐brined Turkish cheese) which was stored in brine concentrations varying from 12.5 to 17.5% (wt/v) was tested. Two sets of cheeses were made, namely scalded and unscalded cheeses (scalding was done by heating at 95 °C for 3 min). The variations in the counts of pathogenic colonies were monitored throughout a 90‐day storage period at <10 °C. Results indicated that scalding caused statistically significant reductions in the colony counts of Y. enterocolitica, E. coli O157:H7, Sh. flexneri and Sa. enteritidis during the early periods of storage. In contrast, St. aureus and B. cereus were not generally affected by scalding and brine concentrations, although B. cereus in 17.5% (wt/v) brine was affected. In the unscalded cheeses, 12.5 and 15.0% (wt/v) brine concentrations seemed to be insufficient to eradicate the pathogenic organisms examined.
Prediction models for the thermal conductivity of aqueous starch
Authors: Hsu Chuan‐Liang , Heldman Dennis R. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryThe objectives of this research were to determine the thermal conductivity of aqueous starch and to develop a theoretical model to predict the thermal conductivity for both granular and gelatinized aqueous starches. Thermal conductivity of starch was experimentally investigated as a function of moisture content (55–70%) and temperature (5–45 °C) by using the probe method. Six structural heat conduction models were employed to predict the thermal conductivity. Results indicated that the experimental thermal conductivity increased with increasing moisture content and temperature for both granular and gelatinized starch. The effect of gelatinization on thermal conductivity was small but significant at 5 °C, but insignificant at 25 and 45 °C. Over the moisture and temperature ranges investigated, the thermal conductivity values predicted by the Kopelman (B) and Maxwell models were in close agreement with the experimental values for granular starch, whereas for gelatinized starch, the Maxwell model yielded the lowest standard error with the experimental values.
The effect of the concentration of batter made from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour on the quality of a deep‐fried snack
Authors: Ravi Ramasamy , Susheelamma Nuggehalli Sampathkumarachar 
Published: July 2004

SummaryBatters made from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour and containing 36–44% solids were used to prepare a spherically shaped deep fat‐fried snack called boondi. The physical properties, such as colour and bulk density, chemical constituents such as moisture and fat content, and crispness were determined as was the sensory profile. Commercial samples of this popular snack were analyzed in a similar way. Boondi prepared with 40% solids in the batter had more desirable qualities such as uniformity, crispness and fried gram aroma. Those prepared from batters <40% solids were more porous, oily and less uniform in shape and gave rise to tear drop shaped boondi. At >40% concentration of solids boondi were more firm and less porous with a slight sandy note although the fat content was low. Principal component analysis revealed that among the six commercial samples three samples were found to be close to optimal quality while the other three were less satisfactory. Positive correlations were found for porosity, oily notes and fat content and negative correlations for firmness.
The effect of storage on the antioxidant activity of reconstituted orange juice which had been pasteurized by high pressure or heat
Authors: Polydera Angeliki C. , Stoforos Nikolaos G. , Taoukis Petros S. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryThe effect of storage on the antioxidant activity of pasteurized reconstituted orange juice was studied. Either heat or high pressure was used for pasteurization and total antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid loss were measured during storage at different temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15 °C). The total antioxidant activity of orange juice, calculated as the sum of the activities of different antioxidant compounds, decreased during storage. This was mainly because of loss of ascorbic acid. However, rates of degradation of ascorbic acid were lower for orange juice treated with high pressure and this led to a better retention of its antioxidant activity when compared with juice pasteurized in a conventional way.
Does Auditor Quality and Tenure Matter to Investors? Evidence from the Bond Market
Authors: MANSI SATTAR A. , MAXWELL WILLIAM F. , MILLER DARIUS P. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTWe examine the relation between auditor characteristics (quality and tenure) and the cost of debt financing. Consistent with the hypothesis that audit characteristics are important to the capital markets, we find that (1) auditor quality and tenure are negatively and significantly related to the cost of debt financing, (2) the relation between auditor characteristics and the cost of debt is most pronounced in firms with debt that is noninvestment grade, and (3) both the insurance and information role of audits are economically significant to the cost of debt. Overall, our results suggest that, through their dual roles of providing information and insurance, auditor quality and tenure matter to capital market participants.
Measuring disordered personality functioning: to love and to work reprised
Authors: Parker G. , Hadzi‐Pavlovic D. , Both L. , Kumar S. , Wilhelm K. , Olley A. 
Published: July 2004

Objective:  Current limitations to diagnosing and measuring the personality disorders encouraged a set of studies seeking to provide an alternate approach to modeling and measuring disordered personality function.Method:  A large set of self‐reported descriptors of disordered personality function were factor analyzed in a sample of patients with clinician‐diagnosed personality dysfunction, generating 11 lower‐order and two higher‐order constructs. Subjects and non‐clinical controls also completed a measure of personality styles underpinning formalized personality disorder groupings. Properties of the refined self‐report (SR) measure were assessed in an independent sample of patients with a clinically diagnosed personality disorder.Results:  Limitations in ‘cooperativeness’ and ‘coping’ formed the higher‐order constructs defining disordered personality function, with these constructs relevant to all personality styles. Analyses of SR, corroborative witness (CW) and clinician‐rated data in an independent sample supported measuring disordered personality function by our derived 20‐item SR measure, and exposed limitations to clinician‐based assessment.Conclusion:  Study findings build to a multi‐axial strategy for measuring personality disorder, involving separate dimensional assessment of both disordered personality function and of personality style.
Is SCL‐90R helpful for the clinician in assessing DSM‐IV symptom disorders?
Authors: Pedersen G. , Karterud S. 
Published: July 2004

Objective:  To investigate associations between six of the Symptom Check‐List 90R (SCL‐90R) subscales and specific DSM‐IV symptom disorders in a sample of patients with high comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders.Method:  SCL‐90R questionnaires from 1202 patients admitted for treatment in the Norwegian Network of Psychotherapeutic Day Hospitals. Mean score differences on subscales among diagnostic categories were investigated. With diagnoses as external criteria, cut‐off scores for different diagnostic groups were used to calculate diagnostic efficacy. Multiple regressions were conducted in order to disentangle variance of the subscales accounted for by symptom disorders. Frequency distributions of subscales for patients with and without symptom disorders were compared.Results:  Poor diagnostic efficacy was found for most of the subscales, except for the phobic anxiety subscale. The strongest association with each subscale was with its associated symptom disorder, except for dysthymia.Conclusion:  Diagnostic inferences about DSM‐IV symptom disorders based on SCL‐90R should be conducted with care.
Development of an antidepressant compliance questionnaire
Authors: Demyttenaere K. , Bruffaerts R. , Albert A. , Mesters P. , Dewé W. , Debruyckere K. , Sangeleer M. 
Published: July 2004

Objective:  The development of the Antidepressant Compliance Questionnaire (ADCQ), assessing patients’ attitudes and beliefs on depression and antidepressants.Method:  A 51‐item questionnaire was applied to 85 psychiatric out‐patients with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). This data set was used to assess psychometric properties of the ADCQ. The questionnaire was also applied to 272 primary care out‐patients with MDD.Results:  A principal component analysis revealed four dimensions with good internal consistency and acceptable test–retest reliability: ‘perceived doctor–patient relationship’, ‘preserved autonomy’, ‘positive beliefs on antidepressants’ and ‘partner agreement’, resulting in a final questionnaire comprising 33‐items. Responses were independent from depression severity and patient age. The response patterns of both psychiatric and primary care patients are provided and illustrate the many erroneous beliefs on antidepressants.Conclusion:  The ADCQ has good psychometric properties; further investigation should investigate whether this questionnaire is predictive of patient compliance.
Epigenetic silencing of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene in classical Hodgkin lymphoma-derived cell lines contributes to the loss of immunoglobulin expression
Authors: Ushmorov Alexey , Ritz Olga , Hummel Michael , Leithäuser Frank , Möller Peter , Stein Harald , Wirth Thomas 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Immunoglobulin production is impaired in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in spite of functional clonal rearrangements. The presence of “crippling” mutations in coding and regulatory regions, as well as down-regulation of B-cell-specific transcription factors, has been suggested as a potential reason for the lack of immunoglobulin (Ig) chain gene transcription. We have investigated the impact of epigenetic silencing in suppressing Ig heavy (H)-chain expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to analyze transcription factor binding to octamer motifs present in the IgH regulatory regions. Transcription factors were bound to these motifs in control cell lines, however, they were absent in the cHL-derived cell lines KMH2, L1236, and L428. Ectopic expression of octamer-binding transcription factor (Oct2) and/or B-cell Oct binding protein/Oct-binding factor (BOB.1/OBF.1) did not result in any measurable binding to these sites. Increased histone 3 Lysine 9 (H3-K9) methylation was observed in the promoter region of the IgH locus in L428 and L1236 cells. This is a typical feature of heterochromatic, transcriptionally silent regions. Treatment of cHL-derived cell lines with the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) partially reactivated IgH transcription and affected chromatin modifications. Our results suggest an important role of epigenetic silencing in the inhibition of IgH transcription in HRS cells. (Blood. 2004;104:3326-3334)
Methoden und Sensoren zur Überwachung von Handhabungs- und Fügeprozessen in der Mikrosystemtechnik (Methods and Sensors for the Control of Handling and Assembly Processes in Microtechnology)
Authors: Driessen Sascha , Engelmann Bastian 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Der vorliegende Artikel stellt aus dem Gebiet der prozessintermittierenden Qualitätskontrolle Aspekte aus dem Bereich der Form- und Lageerkennung von Mikrobauteilen mittels faseroptischer Streifenprojektion und eine Anwendung von bildverarbeitungsgestützter Prozessüberwachung vor. Zur Thematik der klassischen Postprozessmesstechnik wird im Kontext der konfokalen Laserscanningmikroskopie eine Möglichkeit zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität des Messverfahrens auf Basis angepasster Signalauswertung dargestellt.
Messtechnische Beiträge aus der PTB zur modernen Produktionstechnik (Metrological Contributions of PTB for Modern Production Technologies)
Authors: Hasche Klaus 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Das Tätigkeitsprofil der Abteilung Fertigungsmesstechnik in der PTB beinhaltet dominant metrologische Forschung und Entwicklung sowie Dienstleistungen auf dem Gebiet dimensioneller Messungen. Die Aufgaben leiten sich aus der Mission der PTB und Problemstellungen der Produktionstechnik ab. Der Beitrag geht auf die Verknüpfung von Qualität, Messtechnik und die Rückführung von Messergebnissen ein. Einige FuE-Ergebnisse werden kurz dargestellt.
Synthesis of New Chiral Aryl Diphosphite Ligands Derived from Pyranoside Backbone of Monosacharides and Their Application in Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Diethylzinc to Cyclic Enones
Authors: Wang Lailai , Li Yue‐Ming , Yip Chiu‐wing , Qiu Liqin , Zhou Zhongyuan , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNew chiral aryl diphosphite ligands based on the pyranoside backbones of glucose and galactose were prepared. These ligands were tested in the Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of diethylzinc to cyclic enones with up to 88% ee. The stereoselectivity was found to be dependent on the ring size of the substrate as well as the ligand and copper source. The enantioselectivity depends on the absolute configuration of the C‐4 stereogenic center of the ligand backbone, while the sense of enantioselectivity is mainly controlled by the configuration of the binaphthyl phosphite moieties.
Second Generation Protocol for Multicomponent Coupling Reactions of Aldehydes, Amides and Dienophiles
Authors: Klaus Stefan , Hübner Sandra , Neumann Helfried , Strübing Dirk , von Wangelin Axel Jacobi , Gördes Dirk , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAn improved one‐pot procedure for the three‐component coupling reaction of aldehydes, amides and dienophiles (AAD reaction) has been developed. Compared to known protocols for this type of reaction, the use of aromatic solvents in the presence of dehydrating reagents allows an efficient synthesis of previously not accessible products. Condensation of ubiquitous available aldehydes and amides and subsequent Diels–Alder reactions with dienophiles furnishes endo‐selective amino‐functionalized hexahydroisoindole‐1,3‐dione and tetrahydrophthalic acid derivatives in good yield.
Bony ponticles of the atlas (C1) over the groove for the vertebral artery in humans and primates: Polymorphism and evolutionary trends
Authors: Le Minor Jean‐Marie , Trost Olivier 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to ascertain the distribution in primates of the three possible bony ponticles over the groove for the vertebral artery (ventral, lateral, and dorsal ponticles), in order to attempt to understand the variants observed in humans and to ascertain possible evolutionary trends in primates. The material consisted of 393 atlases of extant nonhuman primates representative of 41 genera, and of 500 human atlases (dried bones of adults). For each atlas, we studied the existence and morphology of the ponticles, and the type of association of these three ponticles on a given side, which are theoretically of eight in number (types A–H). The occurrence of these ponticles varied from complete absence to constant presence, according to the genera and taxa of primates. The presence of each of these ponticles in primates can be interpreted as a primitive or plesiomorphic character, and their absence as a derived or apomorphic character. The strepsirhines‐platyrrhines‐cercopithecines group, presenting a predominant primitive pattern (type A), appeared to be separated from the colobines‐hominoids group, presenting predominant derived patterns (type C in colobines, Pongo pygmaeus, and Pan troglodytes, and the more derived type D in Hylobates, Gorilla gorilla, and Homo sapiens). The last derived stage, corresponding to the disappearance of the three atlantal ponticles (type H), was only observed in some individuals in hominoids. A marked intraspecific polymorphism characterized the hominoids. The presence of lateral and dorsal ponticles in humans appeared to correspond to their persistence within the progressive disappearance of the atlantal ponticles, constituting an evolutionary tendency characteristic of primates and particularly of hominoid evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grasping behavior in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella): Grip types and manual laterality for picking up a small food item
Authors: Spinozzi Giovanna , Truppa Valentina , Laganà Tiziana 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis study investigates prehension in 20 tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) in a reaching task requiring individuals to grasp a small food item fixed to a tray. The aim was twofold: 1) to describe capuchins' grasping techniques in detail, focusing on digit movements and on different areas of contact between the grasping fingers; and 2) to assess the relationship between grip types and manual laterality in this species. Capuchins picked up small food items using a wide variety of grips. In particular, 16 precision grip variants and 4 power grip variants were identified. The most frequently used precision grip involved the distal lateral areas of the thumb and the index finger, while the most preferred kind of power grip involved the thumb and the palm, with the thumb being enclosed by the other fingers. Immature capuchins picked up small food items using power grips more often than precision grips, while adult individuals exhibited no significant preference for either grip type. The analysis performed on the time capuchins took to grasp the food and withdraw it from the tray hole revealed that 1) precision grips were as efficient as power grips; 2) for precision grips, the left hand was faster than the right hand; and 3) for power grips, both hands were equally quick. Hand preference analysis, based on the frequency for the use of either hand for grasping actions, revealed no significant hand bias at group level. Likewise, there was no significant relationship between grip type and hand preference. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The longer you stay, the bigger you get: Length of time and language use in the U.S. are associated with obesity in Puerto Rican women
Authors: Himmelgreen David A. , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Martinez Dinorah , Bretnall Ann , Eells Brian , Peng Yukuei , Bermúdez Angela 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study examined whether length of time in the U.S., language use, and birthplace (proxy measures of acculturation) were associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity in a sample of 174 low‐income Puerto Rican women from Hartford, Connecticut. The mean BMI for the total sample (N = 174) was 27.39 (S.D. = 5.07), and nearly 34% of the sample was considered obese (BMI ≥ 30). There was a statistically significant increase in BMI with length of time in the U.S. (P = 0.012) and these differences were even greater among women born in Puerto Rico (P = 0.003). Moreover, obesity prevalence was highest among women who had been in the U.S. for 10 years or more (40%), as compared to those who had been in the U.S. less than 1 year (29%; P = 0.045). There were no statistically significant associations between language and BMI for the total sample. However, among bilingual speakers born in Puerto Rico, there were significant differences in BMI according to their level of English fluency. Those who spoke fluent or very good English had a significantly higher BMI (mean = 29.72; SD = 4.12) than women whose English was good to not‐so‐good (mean = 26.8; SD = 5.24; P = 0.016). The findings from this study point to the need for more research on the acculturation process and obesity, in order to design culturally tailored obesity prevention programs. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chorein detection for the diagnosis of chorea‐acanthocytosis
Authors: Dobson‐Stone Carol , Velayos‐Baeza Antonio , Filippone Lea A. , Westbury Sarah , Storch Alexander , Erdmann Torsten , Wroe Stephen J. , Leenders Klaus L. , Lang Anthony E. , Dotti Maria Teresa , Federico Antonio , Mohiddin Saidi A. , Fananapazir Lameh , Daniels Geoff , Danek Adrian , Monaco Anthony P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractChorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a severe, neurodegenerative disorder that shares clinical features with Huntington's disease and McLeod syndrome. It is caused by mutations in VPS13A, which encodes a large protein called chorein. Using antichorein antisera, we found expression of chorein in all human cells analyzed. However, chorein expression was absent or noticeably reduced in ChAc patient cells, but not McLeod syndrome and Huntington's disease cells. This suggests that loss of chorein expression is a diagnostic feature of ChAc. Ann Neurol 2004;56:299–302
Antimicrobial finishing of acrilan fabrics with cetylpyridinium chloride
Authors: Cai Zaisheng , Sun Gang 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDurable antimicrobial properties could be achieved on acrilan fabrics by chemically incorporating biocidal quaternary ammonium salts such as cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) into the fibers. The chemical interactions between CPC and acrilan fibers were investigated through adsorption isotherm and exhaustion rates of CPC on the fabrics under various conditions. The equilibrium adsorption of CPC on the acrilan fabrics was in good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The study found that CPC concentration, pH value, and finishing temperature and time affected the adsorption process and antimicrobial properties of the acrilan fabrics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 243–247, 2004
Biodegradability of cellulose fabrics
Authors: Park Chung Hee , Kang Yun Kyung , Im Seung Soon 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBiodegradability of cellulose fabrics was evaluated by use of a soil burial test, an activated sewage sludge test, and an enzyme hydrolysis. Surface changes after biodegradation were observed by optical microscopy. From X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), changes in the crystallinities and the internal structures as a result of degradation were also investigated. It was shown that biodegradability decreased in the following order: rayon > cotton ≫ acetate. Rayon fibers, which have a low crystallinity and a low degree of orientation, showed the highest biodegradability in most cases. However, in spite of its low crystallinity, acetate fibers exhibited very low biodegradability, probably because of the presence of hydrophobic groups in its structure. On the other hand, linen showed an inconsistent behavior in that it had the highest biodegradability in the soil burial test, but a lower biodegradability than that of cotton in the activated sewage sludge test. XRD analysis revealed that there was a slight increase in the crystallinity of linen, cotton, and rayon fabrics at the initial stage, but a continuous decrease thereafter. From the correlation analysis, it was revealed that the biodegradability of cellulose fabrics was closely related to the moisture regain of the fibers, which reflects the hydrophilicity and internal structure of the fibers at the same time. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 248–253, 2004