bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Missionary Zeal to Holiday Appeal: Summer School, Professionalization, and Teachers in Canada, 1915-1959
Authors: McLean Scott 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor over forty years, presidents of the Summer School Association of Queen’s University wrote annually to teachers across Canada, encouraging them to attend summer courses for credit toward a bachelor of arts. In the 1920s, presidents’ messages associated attendance with societal progress and the professionalization of teaching. In the 1930s, such messages linked attendance with personal growth and career development. In the 1940s and 1950s, they linked attendance with having an enjoyable summer vacation. This article analyzes how and why these messages evolved and argues that the underlying structure of the messages remained consistent: they were means through which Queen’s Summer School Association presidents marked symbolic boundaries between more and less professional teachers. This article contributes to our understanding of the social history of teacher education by interpreting a unique primary data source to explore the participation of teachers themselves in the construction of symbolic boundaries marking professional status.
Early acquisition of syntactic variation: Lexical conditioning of Spanish variable clitic placement
Authors: Requena Pablo E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper examines how children acquire Spanish variable clitic placement (VCP), a lexically conditioned phenomenon whereby clitics may precede or follow complex verb phrases. Research on how children acquire truly syntactic variable phenomena suggests that they either generalize one variant initially or they match the variation in the input from the beginning. Here I examine how children acquire the lexical conditioning of Spanish VCP. A corpus study of naturalistic conversations between parents and young children suggests that from the earliest ages examined (2;0-3;0) children display lexically-specific patterns that seem to be fine-tuned by the early school years. Experimental results using two different elicitation techniques with children ages 4;0-7;0 provide further support for early acquisition of the lexical conditioning of VCP and some evidence for fine-tuning during this age window. Thus, methodological triangulation enables detection of variable use where children would otherwise show categorical use of variants with infrequent syntactic phenomena, such as Spanish VCP.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression in adult patients with CHD
Authors: Keshavarzi Reza , Divsalar Parisa , Aliramezany Maryam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroduction:CHD are among the most common congenital defects. Due to the chronic nature of CHD, patients face various risk factors that threaten their mental health. However, a comprehensive understanding of the medical and social predictors of mental health issues in adults with CHD is lacking. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with CHD.Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study focused on adults with CHD in Kerman, Iran. The participants completed demographic information alongside two psychological assessment tools: the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.Findings:The mean age of the participants was 29.94 ± 12.36 years, and 63.8% were female. According to the DASS, 73.4% did not have depression, 61% did not have anxiety, and 76.2% did not have stress. In total, 19% had mild stress, and 4.8% had moderate stress. According to the BAI, 27.6% did not have anxiety. Individual characteristics were not significantly associated with depression. However, gender, age, and type of surgery were significantly associated with anxiety. Cyanosis was significantly associated with stress.Conclusion:The results show that mental disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent in adults with CHD. The prevalence depends on individual factors such as age, gender, and disease severity. Therefore, it is recommended that mental disorders in this population be evaluated and treated accurately.
Creating Synergies between International Law and Rights of Nature
Authors: Gilbert Jérémie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of failing environmental governance, rights of nature (RoN) are lauded as the paradigm shift needed to transform law's approach to nature. RoN have been increasingly proclaimed at the domestic level but remain mostly absent from international law. As examined in this article, this is notably as a result of some profound incompatibilities between international law and RoN, including the fact that most international treaties approach nature as a resource to be owned, exploited or protected for the sake of humans. However, despite this dominant approach to nature, some areas of international law, notably under the leadership of Indigenous peoples, are starting to acknowledge a more relational approach to nature, putting forward concepts of care, kinship, and representation of nature in international law. Building on these developments, this article offers a reflection on potential synergies between RoN and international law, specifically by changing the latter's approach to nature. It argues that some of the RoN concepts concerning duty of care, institutional representation of nature's voice, and ecocentrism could serve as a platform to reinterpret some of the anthropocentric principles of international law, creating some potential synergies between RoN and international law.
A Diagnostic Study on the Formation of Double Eyewalls of Typhoon Lekima (2019) Based on POES Microwave and GOES Infrared Observations
Authors: Hu Yanyang , Zou Xiaolei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicrowave observations of brightness temperature (TB) from multiple polar‐orbiting operational environmental satellite imagers and infrared observations of geostationary operational environmental satellite Himawari‐8 imager are used to investigate characteristic features of secondary eyewall evolution of Typhoon Lekima (2019). It is found that microwave observations showed a longer duration time of concentric double eyewalls than Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) infrared observations, due to a stronger cloud penetration capability of microwave than infrared observations. The AHI infrared observations with high temporal and horizontal resolutions captured several actively propagating inner spiral rainbands before the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of Lekima (2019). They are characterized by a wavenumber‐1 asymmetry propagating radially outward and wavenumbers‐2 and ‐3 asymmetries propagating anticlockwise. The wavenumber‐2 asymmetry approximates an azimuthal phase speed of wavenumber‐2 vortex Rossby wave. Later, an outer spiral rainband experienced an obvious axisymmetrization, then merged with multiple inner spiral rainbands propagating radially outward from the primary eyewall. The stagnation radius of these inner spiral rainbands coincides with the location of the highly symmetric outer spiral rainband, which accelerated the SEF. It is suggested that the SEF of Typhoon Lekima (2019) results from a concerted activity of inner and outer spiral rainbands.
Notebooks Now! The Future of Reproducible Research
Authors: Caprarelli Graziella , Sedora Brian , Ricci Mia , Stall Shelley , Giampoala Matthew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new ambitious project led by AGU in collaboration with Wiley and Curvenote and a team of geoscientists, computer and data scientists. The project, aptly called Notebooks Now!, aims to develop an end‐to‐end workflow for the preparation, submission, peer‐review and publication of Earth and space science papers, based on computational notebooks, specifically Jupyter Notebooks or R Markdown. The idea, first proposed by Dr. Peter Fox, Editor in Chief of Earth and Space Science from 2019 to early 2021, is to revolutionize the way data‐ and computation‐rich scientific research is performed and published. The vision is to establish the computational notebook as the centerpiece of the scientific work, around which the manuscript is then written. In this model, the notebook is the primary publication, accompanied by a static “traditional” paper as the enduring archive. Advantages of this model include: ease of editing of data and code during manuscript writing and revision; open access to the same by reviewers and readers; prompt reusability and repurposing of research outputs by other researchers; access to sophisticated computational tools by the global community; “multiplier effect” of the research. The model thus fulfills the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable principles of scientific publishing, and commits to Open Science. This is part of AGU's strategic initiative to accelerate openly accessible scientific contributions to sustainable development.
Ultraviolet and Visible Reflectance Spectra of Phobos and Deimos as Measured by the ExoMars‐TGO/NOMAD‐UVIS Spectrometer
Authors: Mason J. P. , Patel M. R. , Pajola M. , Cloutis E. D. , Alday J. , Olsen K. S. , Marriner C. , Holmes J. A. , Sellers G. , Thomas N. , Almeida M. , Read M. , Nakagawa H. , Thomas I. R. , Ristic B. , Willame Y. , Depiesse C. , Daerden F. , Vandaele A. C. , Lopez‐Moreno J. J. , Bellucci G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpectroscopic measurements are a powerful tool to investigate the surface composition of airless bodies and provide clues of their origin. The composition and origin of Phobos and Deimos are still unknown and are currently widely debated. We present spectroscopic measurements of Phobos and Deimos at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths (250–650 nm) made by the NOMAD‐Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVIS) on the ExoMars TGO mission. These new spectra cover multiple areas on Phobos and Deimos, and are of generally higher spectral resolution and signal‐to‐noise than previous spectra, and extend to lower wavelengths than most previous measurements. The UVIS spectra confirm a red‐sloped spectrum lacking any strong absorption features; however, we confirm the presence of a previously identified absorption feature near 0.65 μm and tentative absorption near 0.45 μm. The observed Phobos and Deimos spectra are similar to D‐ and T‐type asteroids, adding weight to the captured asteroid hypothesis for the moons' origins. We also find, however, that the UVIS Phobos reflectance spectra of Phobos' red unit is a relatively close match to the olivine‐rich, highly shocked Mars meteorite NWA 2737, with a low overall reflectance, a red‐sloped spectrum, and lack of olivine‐associated absorption bands in the UVIS spectral range. This meteorite, however, exhibits spectral features at longer wavelengths that not observed in the Martian moon spectra, indicating a need for further investigation at longer wavelengths to interpret whether this material could inform our understanding of Phobos' origin.
Boulder Diversity in the Nightingale Region of Asteroid (101955) Bennu and Predictions for Physical Properties of the OSIRIS‐REx Sample
Authors: Jawin Erica R. , Ballouz Ronald‐L. , Ryan Andrew J. , Kaplan Hannah H. , McCoy Timothy J. , Al Asad Manar M. , Molaro Jamie L. , Rozitis Benjamin , Keller Lindsay P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe sample of asteroid (101955) Bennu was collected from the Nightingale sample site by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer spacecraft and arrived on Earth on 24 September 2023. To better understand Bennu's parent body, we identified boulders over 2 m in diameter around the Nightingale region and analyzed normal albedo, morphology, and surface roughness. We found that boulders can be separated into two groups based on albedo, and four groups using morphology including angularity, texture, and the presence or absence of clasts, layers, and bright spots: Type A is rounded, rugged, and clastic, with the highest root‐mean square deviation roughness; Type B is sub‐angular with intermediate roughness and polygonal surface fractures; Type C is angular, has distinct fractures, and the lowest roughness; and Type D is sub‐angular with intermediate roughness and bright spots. Unsupervised clustering algorithms showed that our Type A‐D classification represents the diversity in the morphology and albedo data. Using documented contacts between boulder groups, we conclude that boulders on Bennu originated on a single, heterogeneous parent body that experienced vertical mixing via impacts prior to or during its disruption. The boulder morphologies on Bennu bear striking resemblance to those on asteroid Ryugu, potentially suggesting a shared origin. Finally, from analyses of sample collection images, we predict that the sample will be heterogeneous in morphology, brightness, and degree of aqueous alteration and dominated by darker Type A and B material. These predictions are supported by initial analyses of the Ryugu sample.
Effects of Periodic Fluctuation of Water Level on Solute Transport in Seasonal Lakes in Poyang Floodplain System
Authors: Chen Hexiang , Zhang Zhongtian , Jin Guangqiu , Tang Hongwu , Zhang Siyi , Zhang Qi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeasonal lakes appear in floodplain systems due to the seasonal variation of water level of rivers or main lakes and play an important ecological function. Previous studies have focused on exchange flux between the surface water and groundwater in seasonal lakes, but the process of solute transport at the sediment‐water interface under the effect of seasonal water level fluctuations remains unclear. In this study, laboratory flume experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate non‐reactive solute transport and exchange in a seasonal lake under effects of hydrological connectivity, water level amplitude, sediment permeability and solute source. The results show that the recharge pattern between seasonal lakes and rivers or main lakes is determined by the seasonal water level. The solute transports from the groundwater of seasonal lakes to the main lake during the dry season, while the reverse applies during the wet season. The perennial hydrological isolation increases the concentration in the overlying water and pore water of the seasonal lake by 20.5% and 28.7%, respectively. The solute concentration in the overlying water and pore water of the seasonal lake decreases by 55.2% and 51.5%, respectively, when solute source occurs in the main lake compared with that occurs in the seasonal lake. The amplification of water level amplitudes leads to an increase of 6.46% and 10.55% in the solute concentration drop from the overlying water, respectively. These findings contribute to improving water resource utilization and protecting aquatic ecological environment in floodplain systems.
Estimation of Capillary‐Associated NAPL‐Water Interfacial Areas for Unconsolidated Porous Media by Kinetic Interface Sensitive (KIS) Tracer Method
Authors: Tatomir Alexandru , Gao Huhao , Abdullah Hiwa , Pötzl Christopher , Karadimitriou Nikolaos , Steeb Holger , Licha Tobias , Class Holger , Helmig Rainer , Sauter Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBy employing kinetic interface sensitive (KIS) tracers, we investigate three different types of glass‐bead materials and three natural porous media systems to quantitatively characterize the influence of the porous‐medium grain‐, pore‐size and texture on the specific capillary‐associated interfacial area (FIFA) between an organic liquid and water. By interpreting the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of the reaction product of the KIS tracer hydrolysis, we obtain a relation for the specific IFA and wetting phase saturation. The immiscible displacement process coupled with the reactive tracer transport across the fluid–fluid interface is simulated with a Darcy‐scale numerical model. Linear relations between the specific capillary‐associated FIFA and the inverse mean grain diameter can be established for measurements with glass beads and natural soils. We find that the grain size has minimal effect on the capillary‐associated FIFA for unconsolidated porous media formed by glass beads. Conversely, for unconsolidated porous media formed by natural soils, the capillary‐associated FIFA linearly increases with the inverse mean grain diameter, and it is much larger than that from glass beads. This indicates that the surface roughness and the irregular shape of the grains can cause the capillary‐associated FIFA to increase. The results are also compared with the data collected from literature, measured with high resolution microtomography and partitioning tracer methods. Our study considerably expands the applicability range of the KIS tracers and enhances the confidence in the robustness of the method.
Versatile optical manipulation of trions, dark excitons and biexcitons through contrasting exciton-photon coupling
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Xin-Yuan , Ma Rundong , Fu Tong , Zeng Yan , Hu Chong , Cheng Yufeng , Wang Cheng , Wang Yun , Feng Yuhua , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Wang Ti , Liu Xiaoze , Xu Hongxing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVarious exciton species in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as neutral excitons, trions (charged excitons), dark excitons, and biexcitons, have been individually discovered with distinct light-matter interactions. In terms of valley-spin locked band structures and electron-hole configurations, these exciton species demonstrate flexible control of emission light with degrees of freedom (DOFs) such as intensity, polarization, frequency, and dynamics. However, it remains elusive to fully manipulate different exciton species on demand for practical photonic applications. Here, we investigate the contrasting light-matter interactions to control multiple DOFs of emission light in a hybrid monolayer WSe2-Ag nanowire (NW) structure by taking advantage of various exciton species. These excitons, including trions, dark excitons, and biexcitons, are found to couple independently with propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of Ag NW in quite different ways, thanks to the orientations of transition dipoles. Consistent with the simulations, the dark excitons and dark trions show extremely high coupling efficiency with SPPs, while the trions demonstrate directional chiral-coupling features. This study presents a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of exploiting the comprehensive spectrum of TMD excitons for optical information processing and quantum optics.
The BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 resets tumor-associated macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, promoting a favorable response to anti-PD-1 therapy via NLRP3 activation
Authors: Luo Fan , Li Han , Ma Wenjuan , Cao Jiaxin , Chen Qun , Lu Feiteng , Qiu Miaozhen , Zhou Penghui , Xia Zengfei , Zeng Kangmei , Zhan Jianhua , Zhou Ting , Luo Qiuyun , Pan Wentao , Zhang Lin , Lin Chaozhuo , Huang Yan , Zhang Li , Yang Dajun , Zhao Hongyun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe main challenges in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ascribed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the lack of sufficient infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells. Transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from “cold” to “hot” and thus more likely to potentiate the effects of ICIs is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. We found that the selective BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 can enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in syngeneic and humanized CD34+ mouse models. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that APG-2575 polarized M2-like immunosuppressive macrophages toward the M1-like immunostimulatory phenotype with increased CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion, restoring T-cell function and promoting a favorable immunotherapy response. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that APG-2575 directly binds to NF-κB p65 to activate NLRP3 signaling, thereby mediating macrophage repolarization and the activation of proinflammatory caspases and subsequently increasing CCL5 and CXCL10 chemokine production. As a result, APG-2575-induced macrophage repolarization could remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, thus improving tumor immunosuppression and further enhancing antitumor T-cell immunity. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed that patients with better immunotherapeutic efficacy had higher CD86, p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 levels, accompanied by lower CD206 expression on macrophages. Collectively, these data provide evidence that further study on APG-2575 in combination with immunotherapy for tumor treatment is required.
Using self-monitoring to detect and manage raised blood pressure and pre-eclampsia during pregnancy: the BUMP research programme and its impact
Authors: Tucker Katherine L. , Hinton Lisa , Green Marcus , Chappell Lucy C. , McManus Richard J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRaised blood pressure affects around ten percent of pregnancies worldwide, causing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Self-monitoring of blood pressure during higher-risk or hypertensive pregnancy has been shown to be feasible, acceptable, safe, and no more expensive than usual care alone. Additionally, self-testing for proteinuria has been shown to be just as accurate as healthcare professional testing, creating the potential for monitoring of multiple indicators through pregnancy. The work suggests however, that an organisational shift is needed to properly use and see benefits from self-monitored readings. This paper describes the findings from a large programme of work examining the use of self-monitoring in pregnancy, summarising the findings in the context of the wider literature and current clinical context.
Deploying green hydrogen to decarbonize China’s coal chemical sector
Authors: Guo Yang , Peng Liqun , Tian Jinping , Mauzerall Denise L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChina’s coal chemical sector uses coal as both a fuel and feedstock and its increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are hard to abate by electrification alone. Here we explore the GHG mitigation potential and costs for onsite deployment of green H2 and O2 in China’s coal chemical sector, using a life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analyses. We estimate that China’s coal chemical production resulted in GHG emissions of 1.1 gigaton CO2 equivalent (GtCO2eq) in 2020, equal to 9% of national emissions. We project GHG emissions from China’s coal chemical production in 2030 to be 1.3 GtCO2eq, ~50% of which can be reduced by using solar or wind power-based electrolytic H2 and O2 to replace coal-based H2 and air separation-based O2 at a cost of 10 or 153 Chinese Yuan (CNY)/tCO2eq, respectively. We suggest that provincial regions determine whether to use solar or wind power for water electrolysis based on lowest cost options, which collectively reduce 53% of the 2030 baseline GHG emissions at a cost of 9 CNY/tCO2eq. Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Xinjiang collectively account for 52% of total GHG mitigation with net cost reductions. These regions are well suited for pilot policies to advance demonstration projects.