bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bt rice harbouring cry genes controlled by a constitutive or wound‐inducible promoter: protection and transgene expression under Mediterranean field conditions
Authors: Breitler Jean Christophe , Vassal Jean Michel , Del Mar Catala Maria , Meynard Donaldo , Marfà Victoria , Melé Enric , Royer Monique , Murillo Isabel , San Segundo Blanca , Guiderdoni Emmanuel , Messeguer Joaquima 
Published: August 2004

SummarySeven homozygous transgenic lines of two European commercial cultivars of rice (Ariete (A) and Senia (S)), harbouring the cry1B or cry1Aa Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) δ‐endotoxin genes, were field evaluated for protection from striped stem borer (SSB) (Chilo suppressalis) damage during the 2001 and 2002 summer crop seasons in the Delta de l’Ebre region, Spain. The plant codon‐optimized toxin gene was placed under the control of the promoter of either the constitutive ubi1 gene or the wound‐inducible mpi gene from maize. Stable, high‐level, insecticidal protein accumulation was observed throughout root, leaf and seed tissues of field‐grown plants harbouring the cry1B (lines A64.1, A33.1, A3.4 and S98.9) or cry1Aa (lines S05.1 and A19.14) genes under the control of the ubi1 promoter. Conversely, no toxin was detected in unwounded vegetative tissues of the A9.1 line harbouring the cry1B gene controlled by the mpi promoter, indicating that natural environmental stresses did not trigger the activity of the wound‐inducible promoter. However, the toxin accumulated at 0.2% total soluble proteins in A9.1 sheath tissue exhibiting brown lesions resulting from SSB damage. The agronomical traits and performance of the transgenic lines were generally comparable with parental controls, except in the two lines accumulating Cry1Aa, which exhibited a high frequency of plants non‐true to type. Natural infestation was assisted with manual infestations of L2/L3 SSB larvae in border control plants surrounding the experimental plots, which served as a reservoir for the second‐cycle SSB population. The observation of damage (brown lesions and dead hearts) during the crop season and dissection of plants at harvest stage revealed a range of protection amongst the transgenic lines, which was highly consistent with the level of toxin accumulation and with previous experience in greenhouse assays. Lines A3.4 and S05.1 were found to exhibit stable and full protection against SSB attacks, mediated by the accumulation of Cry1B and Cry1Aa toxin, respectively, which was comparable with that afforded by the spraying of chemical insecticides on control plants. The wound‐induced A9.1 line exhibited a satisfactory level of protection, with a notably low level of penetration of SSB larvae in the stems, but higher external symptoms than constitutive lines, probably due to the time lag to benefit from the protective effect of Cry1B.
Engineered multidomain cysteine protease inhibitors yield resistance against western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) in greenhouse trials
Authors: Outchkourov Nikolay S. , De Kogel Willem Jan , Wiegers Gerrie L. , Abrahamson Magnus , Jongsma Maarten A. 
Published: August 2004

SummaryWestern flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), cause very large economic damage on a variety of field and greenhouse crops. In this study, plant resistance against thrips was introduced into transgenic potato plants through the expression of novel, custom‐made, multidomain protease inhibitors. Representative classes of inhibitors of cysteine and aspartic proteases [kininogen domain 3 (K), stefin A (A), cystatin C (C), potato cystatin (P) and equistatin (EIM)] were fused into reading frames consisting of four (K‐A‐C‐P) to five (EIM‐K‐A‐C‐P) proteins, and were shown to fold into functional inhibitors in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The multidomain proteins were expressed in potato and found to be more resistant to degradation by plant proteases than the individual domains. In a time span of 14–16 days, transgenic potato plants expressing EIMKACP and KACP at a similar concentration reduced the number of larvae and adults to less than 20% of the control. Leaf damage on protected plants was minimal. Engineered multidomain cysteine protease inhibitors thus provide a novel way of controlling western flower thrips in greenhouse and field crops, and open up possibilities for novel insect resistance applications in transgenic crops.
Procedural Texture Matching and Transformation
Authors: Bourque Eric , Dudek Gregory 
Published: August 2004

Abstract We present a technique for creating a smoothly varying sequence of procedural textures that interpolates between arbitrary input samples of texture. This texture transformation uses a library of procedural shaders and selects the correct shaders and associated parameters to accomplish the task. In general, selecting a procedural texture from a library, or finding the correct parameters to produce a smooth texture transition can be complex and time consuming. We propose a strategy for automating this process. While superficially this problem appears intractable for both humans and computational systems, its natural characteristics make a computational solution feasible. We present an algorithm and experimental results demonstrating this approach. Transformation between two textures can then be achieved procedurally, while enforcing perceptual similarity constraints between adjacent texture frames. We describe a technique for efficiently sampling the parameter domain of a shader based on a texture similarity function to create a smooth path through its texture range. In the case of evolving between several shaders, a method is described to obtain the best jump‐points which can be used to connect different shaders smoothly in texture space. Several examples of the technique are shown, and future directions as well as potential problems are discussed. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Texture
GPU‐Based Nonlinear Ray Tracing
Authors: Weiskopf Daniel , Schafhitzel Tobias , Ertl Thomas 
Published: August 2004

Abstract In this paper, we present a mapping of nonlinear ray tracing to the GPU which avoids any data transfer back to main memory. The rendering process consists of the following parts: ray setup according to the camera parameters, ray integration, ray‐object intersection, and local illumination. Bent rays are approximated by polygonal lines that are represented by textures. Ray integration is based on an iterative numerical solution of ordinary differential equations whose initial values are determined during ray setup. To improve the rendering performance, we propose acceleration techniques such as early ray termination and adaptive ray integration. Finally, we discuss a variety of applications that range from the visualization of dynamical systems to the general relativistic visualization in astrophysics and the rendering of the continuous refraction in media with varying density. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism
Welfare through Work: An Audit of Occupational Social Provision at the Turn of the New Century
Authors: Farnsworth Kevin 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Occupational welfare has been a relatively neglected area in both theoretical and empirical studies of the welfare state despite its importance to overall levels of social provision. Surprisingly, there has not yet been a comprehensive examination of British occupational social provision, as opposed to non‐wage benefits more generally or specific provision such as pensions, housing or childcare. This neglect can be explained both by the perception that occupational welfare plays a relatively insignificant role in contemporary welfare states and by a general lack of clarity regarding its definition and scope, factors which have added to the difficulties surrounding its conceptualization and measurement. Despite the lack of attention it has received, however, recent pressures have propelled the issue higher up the social policy agenda, increasing the need for a clearer conception of what constitutes occupational social provision and a more comprehensive assessment of its contemporary significance. This paper seeks to shed some light on to these areas by drawing on comparative and UK data in order to carry out an audit of occupational social provision.
Stressful major life events are associated with a higher frequency of cutaneous sensory symptoms: an empirical study of non‐clinical subjects
Authors: Gupta MA , Gupta AK 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTBackground  Psychological stress resulting from stressful major life events is known to exacerbate a wide range of skin disorders.Objective  To examine the relationship between stressful major life events and dermatological symptoms among a non‐clinical sample.Design  A cross‐sectional survey.Setting  Community‐based subjects from London, Ontario, Canada were recruited from the local university, schools and churches.Participants  Out of 600 consecutive, consenting volunteers 316 subjects [73 men and 243 women; age 38.7 ± 14.8 (mean ± SD) years; marital status 54% married; race 94%‘white’] completed the survey for this study. The exclusion criterion was a history of a major dermatological or medical disorder.Main outcome measure  The number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months measured using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) of Holmes and Rahe, and the frequency and severity of a range of cutaneous symptoms (‘burning’, ‘crawling sensation’, ‘tingling’, ‘pricking’ or ‘pins and needles’, ‘pain’, ‘tenderness’ of skin, ‘numbness’, ‘moderate to severe itching’, and ‘easy bruising’) that the subject may have experienced over the previous month.Results  The most frequently reported body region affected was the scalp (59.5%) and the most frequently reported symptom was itching (69.3%). The total number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months correlated with the severity of the individual cutaneous symptoms (0.22 ≤ Pearson r ≤ 0.41, P < 0.001) and with the total cutaneous symptom severity score (sum of all cutaneous severity ratings) (Pearson r = 0.40, P < 0.001). This correlation remained significant after the possible confounding effect of psychological factors on cutaneous symptoms was partialled out statistically (partial r = 0.19, P = 0.001).Discussion  We observed a direct correlation between the number of major life events experienced over the previous 6 months and cutaneous symptoms experienced over the previous 1 month by non‐clinical subjects. The correlation remained significant after the effect of psychological factors was partialled out, suggesting that this relationship holds even if the subject does not acknowledge psychological distress in reaction to the major life event.
Textile dermatitis in patients with contact sensitization in Israel: a 4‐year prospective study
Authors: Lazarov A 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTBackground  The exact incidence of textile dermatitis is unknown because of the lack of controlled epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, the increasing frequency of contact dermatitis to clothing has been demonstrated, thus indicating the importance of further investigations in this field.Objective  To analyse the results from a 4‐year prospective study of the clinical and aetiological features of contact dermatitis to textiles in Israel. We also aimed to assess the frequency and relevance of sensitization to textile dyes and resins in these patients.Methods  Six hundred and forty‐four patients (441 female and 203 male), referred for the investigation of contact dermatitis, and suspected of having textile allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), were studied. All patients were patch tested with the standard series (TRUE Tests), textile colour and finish series (TCFS) clothing extracts and pieces of garment in some cases. Readings were performed on days 2, 3 and in many patients also on day 7.Results  Eighty‐three patients (12.9%) had an allergic reactions to a dye and/or resin allergen. Of them, 43 (51.8%) had positive patch tests to the textile dye allergens, 28 (33.7%) to the formaldehyde and textile finish resins and 12 (14.4%) to allergens from both groups. The highest incidence of sensitization from the dye group allergens was due to Disperse Blue (DB) 124 (30.6%), DB 106 (27.0%) and DB 85 (8.1%) and from the resin group to melamine formaldehyde and ethyleneurea melamine formaldehyde (20.7% each) and urea formaldehyde (18.3%). Present relevance of the patch tests was found in 81.4% of the cases. Concomitant sensitization with allergens from the standard series included nickel sulphate, potassium dichromate, formaldehyde, rubber additives and others. Although chronic dermatitis was the typical clinical presentation, less frequent forms such as purpuric, hyperpigmented and papulopustular lesions and atypical forms such as erythema multiforme‐like, nummular‐like lesions, lichenification and erythrodermia were observed in 24.4% of the cases. The atypical manifestations were provoked by sensitization to dye allergens and never to resins. Along with the typical distribution in areas of friction on the trunk and extremities, less frequent areas including the hands, face, genital area and the soles were affected too.Conclusions  In view of the increasing frequency of contact dermatitis to clothing, the clinical assessment should include awareness of the classical as well as the unusual and atypical clinical forms and locations of ACD to textiles, for they are not infrequent. Although dyes and among them DB 106 and DB 124 are the most frequent allergens inducing textile dermatitis, concomitant testing with allergens from the textile dyes and resin groups is recommended when investigating patients with textile dermatitis.
Cutaneous tuberculosis in Indian children: the importance of screening for involvement of internal organs
Authors: Pandhi D , Reddy BSN , Chowdhary S , Khurana N 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTAims and objectives  Resurgence of skin tuberculosis especially with drug‐resistant strains has been well documented in recent years, but this problem has not received much attention in the paediatric age group. Hence, we carried out the present study to analyse the clinical and therapeutic aspects of cutaneous tuberculosis in children.Materials and methods  A detailed clinical examination, investigations, such as haemogram, serology for HIV, Mantoux test, chest X‐ray, cytology, culture and histopathology were carried out in all children. They were treated with antitubercular therapy (WHO regimen), and the clinical response was followed up.Results  Of 142 patients with cutaneous tuberculosis, 68 were children (40 females, 28 males). These children were aged from 9 months to 14 years. The duration of the disease varied from 1 month to 6 years. Family history of tuberculosis was present in 28 (41.2%) of the patients. Scrofuloderma was the most common presentation encountered in 30 (44.1%) patients with preferential involvement of the cervical (56.2%) and inguinal (20%) regions. Fifteen (22.1%) patients had lupus vulgaris, of which the keratotic type was the most common (46.7%), 16 had lichen scrofulosorum, three had tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, and four had more than one type of tuberculosis. Involvement of the lung in 14 (20.6%), bone in seven (10.2%), and both in four (5.9%) was found. Histopathology corroborated the clinical diagnosis in 54 (80.6%), culture was positive in six (8.8%). Fifty (73.5%) patients completed the treatment with an excellent response, no multidrug resistant cases were seen.Conclusions  Cutaneous tuberculosis in children continues to be an important cause of morbidity, there is a high likelihood of internal involvement, especially in patients with scrofuloderma. A search is required for more sensitive, economic diagnostic tools. Response to treatment at 4 weeks often helps in substantiating the diagnosis of tuberculosis in doubtful cases.
Atrophic dermatofibroma
Authors: Ohnishi T , Sasaki M , Nakai K , Watanabe S 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTAtrophic dermatofibroma, a newly proposed entity in recent times, is thought to be a specific variant of dermatofibroma. We report a typical case of atrophic dermatofibroma on the thigh of a 69‐year‐old female. The lesion consisted clinically of a light brown, intracutaneous nodule with a central crateriform depression, and histologically of fibrohistiocytic components in the thinning dermis. On elastica van Gieson stain, loss of elastic fibres and dense accumulation of elastic fibres around medium‐sized vessels were observed in the lesion.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the nail bed and bone: successful treatment with radiation therapy
Authors: Conill C , Toscas I , Mascaró JM , Vilalta A , Mascaró JM 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTAngiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare entity characterized by the presence of one or several papules or nodules in the skin. Histopathology of ALHE shows a marked proliferation of blood vessels with distinctive large endothelial cells and variable inflammatory infiltrates with eosinophils. We report a 32‐year‐old Caucasian woman with multiple nodules involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue and bone of the distal phalanx of the fingers that were treated successfully with orthovoltage radiation therapy (40 Gy/20 fractions) and without any side‐effects after 9 years of follow‐up.
Fixed drug eruption from piroxicam
Authors: Cuerda Galindo E , Goday Buján JJ , García Silva JM , Martínez W , Verea Hernando M , Fonseca E 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTThe pathogenetic mechanism of fixed drug eruption (FDE) is still unknown. One of the most common causes of FDE is the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Oxicams are in the NSAID group and piroxicam is one of the most used of these drugs. FDE caused by piroxicam is rare but a few cases have been reported. Patch tests are useful for diagnosing some cases of FDE; they give variable results on previously affected skin while no reaction appears on unaffected skin. Some cases of cross‐sensitivity among piroxicam and other substances have been reported. We report two new cases of FDE due to piroxicam with negative patch test on normal skin and positive results on affected skin.
Necrolytic migratory erythema: a cutaneous clue to glucagonoma syndrome
Authors: Remes‐Troche JM , García‐de‐Acevedo B , Zuñiga‐Varga J , Avila‐Funes A , Orozco‐Topete R 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTNecrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a cutaneous manifestation of the glucagonoma syndrome. We present a case with a pancreatic glucagon‐secreting tumour, skin eruption and a good response to treatment.
Two case reports of cutaneous adverse reactions following hepatitis B vaccine: lichen planus and granuloma annulare
Authors: Criado PR , De Oliveira Ramos R , Vasconcellos C , Jardim Criado RF , Valente NYS 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTWe report two cases of adverse cutaneous reactions following hepatitis B vaccination. The first case occurred 3 weeks after the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine in a 16‐year‐old white girl with the onset of lichen planus lesions on her thighs and abdomen. After the second dose a disseminated lichen planus developed within 2 weeks. The second case concerns to the development of papular and patch granuloma annulare in a 58‐year‐old white woman 2 months after the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine. To the best of our knowledge, only a few paediatric and adult cases of lichen planus as a complication of hepatitis B vaccination have been reported in medical literature so far. This is the second case of granuloma annulare following hepatitis B vaccine. Our report, similar to earlier papers, appears to support the onset of lichen planus and granuloma annulare as a possible rare complication of hepatitis B immunization.
The Van der Woude syndrome: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dissemond J , Haberer D , Franckson T , Hillen U 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTThe Van der Woude syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant developmental malformation usually associated with bilateral lower lip pits. These congenital lip pits appear clinically as a malformation in the vermilion border of the lip, with or without excretion. As a genetic defect has been identified as a microdeletion of chromosome bands 1q32–q41, genetic counselling of patients may be considered. A nonsense mutation in the interferon regulatory factor‐6 (IRF‐6) is discussed as a pathogenic relevant factor. Therapeutic intervention is generally not necessary, although surgical excision is especially indicated in patients with recurrent inflammation. Physicians should be aware of the Van der Woude syndrome because it has been reported to be associated with a variety of malformations or other congenital disorders.
Vesicular pityriasis rosea: response to erythromycin treatment
Authors: Miranda SB , Lupi O , Lucas E 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTPityriasis rosea (PR) is a relatively common disease although its aetiology has not yet been identified. It occurs worldwide and there is no racial susceptibility factor. It usually affects teenagers and young adults between 10 and 35 years of age. Typical PR is much easier to diagnose than the rare atypical forms. We report a rare case of vesicular PR in a black woman who had vesicular lesions limited to her palms and soles in addition to regular typical lesions. We devised an efficient oral erythromycin treatment for this patient.
Supported Employment: a Route to Social Networks
Authors: Forrester‐Jones Rachel , Jones Samantha , Heason Sophie , Di'Terlizzi Michele 
Published: August 2004

Background  Evidence suggests that social networks mediate social functioning, self‐esteem, mental health and quality of life. This paper presents findings concerning changes in the social lives, skills, behaviour and life experiences of a group of people with intellectual disabilities (n = 18), who gained support from an employment agency to find paid work.Method  The composition and quality of individuals’ social networks were mapped using a Social Network Guide. Changes in skills, behaviour and life experiences were assessed using standardized measures.Results  The social network size of participants increased over time, with most social contacts being drawn from community contexts. This linked to improvements in life experiences, particularly in relation to leisure activities. Some improvements in adaptive behaviour were also found over time but no significant relationship between social network size and changes in adaptive behaviour were evident.Conclusions  Whilst work will not guarantee social relationships, it can help maintain network size and provides a good opportunity for people with intellectual disabilities to meet others who are not associated with intellectual disability services.