bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Predictors of Fistula Formation Following Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Atomura Daisuke , Osaki Takeo , Iwae Shigemichi , Sakakibara Shunsuke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Salivary fistula formation is a common and serious complication following head and neck reconstruction. Because it can cause delayed wound healing and infection and carotid artery rupture in severe cases, hence, early detection and treatment are crucial. This study was designed to identify early predictors of postoperative fistula formation.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction between 2015 and 2022. Body temperature, serum white blood cell (WBC) count, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assessed until postoperative day (POD) 14 and compared between patients with and without fistula.
Results In this study, 200 patients were included. No significant differences in body temperature and WBC count were observed between the two groups during the entire study period. CRP levels after POD2 were higher in the fistula group than in the without fistula group. From the receiver operating characteristic curves comparing the two groups, the best cutoff level for CRP was 6.27 mg/dL from POD7 to POD8, with 77.1% sensitivity, 69.8% specificity, and 90.1% negative predictive value.
Conclusion CRP is a valuable predictor of fistula formation following head and neck reconstruction. The course of CRP levels in patients with fistulas remains consistently elevated compared to patients without fistulas, and it is particularly useful for the exclusion diagnosis of fistula.
Site of Tracheostomy and Its Influence on The Surgical Outcome and Quality of Life After Tracheal Resection and Anastomosis in Patients with Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: Pradeep Soorya , Alexander Arun , Ganesan Sivaraman , Srinivasan Dharanya Gopalakrishnan , Kushwaha Akshat , Gopalakrishnan Aparna , Penubarthi Lokesh Kumar , Raja Kalaiarasi , Saxena Sunil Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction With the advances in critical care, the incidence of post intubation tracheal stenosis is increasing. Tracheal resection and anastomosis have been the gold standard for the management of grades III and IV stenosis. Scientific evidence from the literature on the determining factors and outcomes of surgery is not well described.
Objective This study was aimed at determining the influence of tracheostoma site on the surgical outcomes and postoperative quality of life of patients undergoing tracheal resection anastomosis.
Methods Thirteen patients who underwent tracheal resection and anastomosis during a period of 3 years were followed up prospectively for 3 months to determine the degree of improvement in their quality of life postsurgery by comparing the pre and postoperative validated Tamil/vernacular version of RAND SF-36 scores and Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea score.
Results As per preoperative computed tomography (CT), the mean length of stenosis was found to be 1.5 cm while the mean length of trachea resected was 4.75 cm. We achieved a decannulation rate of 61.53%. There was an estimated loss of 3.20 +/− 1.90 cm of normal trachea from the lower border of the stenosis until the lower border of the stoma that was lost during resection.Analysis of SF-36 and MRC dyspnea scores revealed significant improvement in the domains of physical function postoperatively in comparison with the preoperative scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Diligent placement of tracheostomy in an emergency setting with respect to the stenotic segment plays a pivotal role in minimizing the length of the resected segment of normal trachea.
Burr Hole Endoscopic Mastoidectomy: A Morphometric Cadaveric Study
Authors: Lavergne Pascal , Khoury Tawfiq , Kang KiChang , Sathe Anish , Kelly Patrick , Evans James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction Traditional open mastoidectomy is performed through a retro-auricular incision to expose the mastoid cortex. Few have addressed the possibility of performing an endoscopic minimally invasive mastoidectomy.
Objective Our objective was to test the feasibility of performing an endoscopic mastoidectomy through a 1 cm incision and burr hole.
Methods Ten cadaver heads (20 mastoids) were used for this morphometric study. We performed an endoscopic mastoidectomy through a 1 cm burr hole located over the antrum. The goals were to reach predetermined landmarks and maximize the drilling of cancellous mastoid bone. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was acquired at baseline, after endoscopic approach and after traditional open mastoidectomy. The scans were then analyzed with volumetric measurements of each mastoid.
Results Endoscopic mastoidectomy facilitated access to most anatomical landmarks. While open mastoidectomy enabled greater extents of mastoidectomy and tegmen exposure, the endoscopic approach exposed 76% of mastoid and 69.9% of the tegmen achievable by the open approach. Additionally, baseline mastoid volume and tegmen surface area positively correlated with the extent of mastoidectomy and tegmen exposure, respectively. Baseline mastoid volume negatively correlated with the percentage of mastoid drilled and tegmen exposed.
Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility of an endoscopic mastoidectomy through a standardized postauricular burr hole. This approach reduces the incision size and the need for soft tissue dissection. Burr hole mastoidectomy is facilitated using angled scopes which are not reliant on 0-degree line-of-sight. Although the endoscopic approach afforded slightly less exposure, the location and burr hole size can be adjusted depending on the clinical indications.
Influence of fourth-order vibrational corrections on semi-experimental (reSE) structures of linear molecules
Authors: Franke Peter R. , Stanton John F. 
Published: January 2024

Semi-experimental structures (reSE) are derived from experimental ground state rotational constants combined with theoretical vibrational corrections. They permit a meaningful comparison with equilibrium structures based on high-level ab initio calculations. Typically, the vibrational corrections are evaluated with second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2). The amount of error introduced by this approximation is generally thought to be small; however, it has not been thoroughly quantified. Herein, we assess the accuracy of theoretical vibrational corrections by extending the treatment to fourth order (VPT4) for a series of small linear molecules. Typical corrections to bond distances are on the order of 10−5 Å. Larger corrections, nearly 0.0002 Å, are obtained to the bond lengths of NCCN and CNCN. A borderline case is CCCO, which will likely require variational computations for a satisfactory answer. Treatment of vibrational effects beyond VPT2 will thus be important when one wishes to know bond distances confidently to four decimal places (10−4 Å). Certain molecules with shallow bending potentials, e.g., HOC+, are not amenable to a VPT2 description and are not improved by VPT4.
Computational study on the structural, electronic, lattice vibration, and magnetism in Zn(1−x)FexSeyTe(1−y) quaternary materials
Authors: Habura Kunsa Haho , Afrassa Mesfin Asfaw , Hone Fekadu Gashaw 
Published: January 2024

In this article, we studied the structural, electrical, lattice vibrational, and magnetic properties of the quaternary compound Zn(1−x)FexSeyTe(1−y) using density functional theory. All the calculations have been performed based on first-principles calculations using Perdew–Zunger [local-density approximation (LDA)] and Hubbard parameter correction (LDA+U) functionals as employed in the Quantum Espresso package. The computed equilibrium lattice parameter for ZnTe is 6.01 Å, and the energy bandgap, Eg, is 1.362 eV, which is consistent with the experimental values as well as the previous reports, respectively. The influence of the co-doping of iron and selenium on electrical and magnetic properties in a ZnTe system is discussed in detail. The co-doping of iron and selenium affects metallic behavior in these systems by forming localized states between the conduction and valance bands. The presence of localized states is related to the metallic properties of the iron atom, specifically iron 3d orbitals. The spin-polarized density of state and band structure computations also confirmed that the iron and selenium co-doped ZnTe system exhibits significant half-metal ferromagnetic and dilute magnetic semiconductor features at room temperature. Furthermore, the phonon calculation of these systems indicated that the systems are dynamically stable and that localized frequency states are created at higher frequencies due to the presence of iron atoms. As a result, the iron and selenium co-doped ZnTe systems can be considered for magnetic and spintronic device applications at room temperature, pending further experimental research.
High-precision finishing method for narrow-groove channel-cut crystal x-ray monochromator using plasma chemical vaporization machining with wire electrode
Authors: Matsumura Shotaro , Ogasahara Iori , Osaka Taito , Yabashi Makina , Yamauchi Kazuto , Sano Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2024

A channel-cut crystal monochromator (CCM) is a popular and powerful device for producing monochromatic x-ray beams with extreme angular stability at a nano-radian level. Narrowing the groove width of CCMs has various benefits; for example, it is made possible to design more compact CCMs with an equivalent working energy range and to reduce the optical delay and the amount of beam shift, enhancing compatibility with various experimental techniques. An obstacle to the use of narrow-groove CCMs is the lack of a high-precision finishing method for the inner-wall reflecting surfaces, which imposes the distortion of x-ray wavefronts and spectral purity. We propose a new, damage-free surface-finishing method for silicon CCMs with a narrow groove of 1 mm or less with a localized etching technique using plasma generated with a wire electrode of 50 µm diameter under atmospheric pressure. Repeating plasma-on and plasma-off periods with a pulsed power supply, we reduce the concentration of reaction products through self-diffusion during the plasma-off periods and minimize the redeposition of the products on the processed surface that deteriorates the surface roughness. Under optimized conditions, we processed a CCM with a groove width of 1.2 mm, which has uniform reflection profiles and a nearly ideal reflectivity behavior for coherent monochromatic x rays.
Performance modeling of flame-assisted fuel cells based on a swirl burner
Authors: Liu Yiming , Tan Jianguo , Kuai Zihan , Zhang Dongdong , Liu Yao 
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the problems of a narrow operating range and complex modeling of Flame-assisted Fuel Cells (FFCs), an FFC system based on a swirl burner is proposed, and neural network algorithms are used to construct the prediction model for the polarization curve of the FFC system. First, the output voltage and power values of the FFC system are measured under different working conditions, and various experimental parameters are collected to form a dataset; second, the correlation analysis method is used to screen out the parameters that are highly correlated with the output voltage as the input variables of the neural network; finally, the prediction model of the polarization curve is constructed, and back propagation (BP), long short term memory, and 1D-CNN algorithms are chosen to examine the applicability of various neural networks for the FFC system. The experimental and polarization characteristic curve prediction results show that the FFC system can obtain a maximum output voltage of 10.6 V and power of 7.71 W. The average relative errors of the three algorithms are 5.23%, 4.08%, and 6.19%, respectively, with the BP neural network algorithm showing the best generalization ability. The study provides support for the application of the FFC system in aerospace and other fields.
Photolysis characteristics and influencing factors of adenosine 5′-monophosphate in seawater
Authors: Cao Xiao-Yan , Liu Min , Li Ling , Yang Gui-Peng 
Published: January 2024

Environmental context Organophosphorus (OP) is bioavailable to phytoplankton with photolysis can play an important role in the process. The photolysis behaviour of an OP (adenosine 5′-monophosphate, AMP) in seawater was investigated, and AMP can release inorganic phosphate under environmentally relevant light conditions, indicating OP photodegradation might be important in the phosphorus biogeochemical cycle. The results are helpful to further understand the bioavailability and cycle of OP in marine environment. Rationale Organic phosphorus (OP) is a potential source of bioavailable phosphorus for phytoplankton through photolysis and other degradation processes. Therefore, OP photodegradation plays an important role in phosphorus biogeochemical cycle. Methodology Taking adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) as a model OP, we investigated the photolysis behaviour in seawater and discussed the mechanism. The photolysis dynamics were studied based on the inorganic phosphorus production at appropriate time intervals, which was analysed by spectrophotometric molybdenum blue method. The effects of medium, light and radicals were investigated. Results It was found that AMP can release inorganic phosphate under photosynthetically active radiation and ultraviolet (UV) with UVB being the most reactive band. The degradation of AMP in seawater was lower than that in deionised water under the same conditions, and the fresh seawater was more beneficial than aged seawater. The kinetics could be described by a pseudo-first order equation. Fe3+ can promote the photolysis due to the generation of ·OH radicals, while within the range of this study, changes of Fe3+ content have no substantial effect on the promotion. The influence of ethanol and tetrahydrofuran as radical inhibitor showed evident inhabitation to the degradation, indicating that ·OH and 1O2 played an important role in the process, and ·OH seemed more important than 1O2. Discussion OP photodegradation is of importance in the phosphorus biogeochemical cycle. Varying properties of the medium and light can affect the OP transformation in seawater. The results are helpful to further understand the bioavailability and cycle of OP in the marine environment.
Electrostatically actuated all metal MEMS Pirani gauge with tunable dynamic range
Authors: Garg Manu , Arya Dhairya Singh , Kumar Sushil , Joshi Khanjan , Yousuf Mujeeb , Chiu Yi , Singh Pushpapraj 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An electrostatically actuated all-metal microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Pirani gauge with a tunable dynamic range is proposed. Contrary to the conventional fixed gap Pirani gauges, an electrostatic mechanism is employed to tune the gaseous conduction gap. Due to the electrostatic force between the heating element and heat sink, this tuning results in shifting the transition pressure to a higher pressure. As a result, the operating range of the Pirani gauge can be tuned depending on the magnitude of the actuation voltage. Theoretical estimation of the transition pressure corresponding to different gaseous conduction gaps is also presented. Depending on the available margin of gap tuning, the electromechanical and electrothermal analyses are carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics. The analytical approach is validated by experimentally characterizing the fabricated device. The experimentally tested device with the proposed actuation mechanism shows an 11.2 dB increase in dynamic range in comparison to the conventional design. In a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible fabrication process flow, the proposed gauge can be used to monitor vacuum from 40 Pa to 5 × 105 Pa with the electrostatic actuation.
Effects of tunable circuit parameters on pulsed discharge and input-output characteristics of a XeCl excimer laser
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Zhao Zhihang , Liu Zhigang , Fu Yangyang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-pressure, pulsed discharge-pumped XeCl excimer lasers are operating in the ultraviolet range at a wavelength of 308 nm. In this paper, a one-dimensional fluid model coupled to a magnetic pulse compression (MPC) excitation circuit and a laser gain model is established for describing the discharge and laser output characteristics of XeCl excimer lasers. The effects of the peaking capacitor

C

p

(the terminal of the MPC circuit) on the discharge properties and input-output characteristics are explored. The results reveal that

C

p

plays a key role in suppressing discharge pulse oscillation, which in turn influences the peak value and duration of the laser pulse. By optimizing the capacitance, a maximum excimer formation efficiency of 6.6% and a maximum laser output efficiency of 5% (output energy of 1.26 J) are obtained when

C

p

=
1.12

C

s

, where

C

s

is the storage capacitor in the MPC circuit.
Ultrashort channel MoSe2 transistors with selenium atoms replaced at the interface: first-principles quantum-transport study
Authors: Chung Chih-Hung , Chen Ting-Yu , Lin Chiung-Yuan , Chien Huang-Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Realizing n- and p-type transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based field-effect transistors for nanoscale complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) applications remains challenging owing to undesirable contact resistance. Quantumtransport calculations were performed by replacing single-sided Se atoms of TMD near the interface with As or Br atoms to further improve the contact resistance. Here, partial selenium replacement produced a novel interface with a segment of metamaterial MoSeX (Pt/MoSeX/MoSe2; X = As, Br). Such stable metamaterials exhibit semi-metallicity, and the contact resistance can be thus lowered. Our findings provide insights into the potential of MoSe2-based nano-CMOS logic devices.
Characteristics of tunable aluminum-doped Ga2O3 thin films and photodetectors
Authors: Ding Si-Tong , Chen Yu-Chang , Yu Qiu-Jun , Zeng Guang , Shi Cai-Yu , Shen Lei , Zhao Xue-Feng , Lu Hong-Liang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aluminum-doped Ga2O3 (AGO) thin films were prepared by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). The growth mechanism, surface morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties of AGO films were systematically investigated. The bandgap of AGO films can be theoretically set between 4.65 and 6.8 eV. Based on typical AGO films, metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors (PDs) were created, and their photoelectric response was examined. The preliminary results show that PE-ALD grown AGO films have high quality and tunable bandgap, and AGO PDs possess superior characterizations to undoped films. The AGO realized using PE-ALD is expected to be an important route for the development of a new generation of gallium oxide-based photodetectors into the deep-ultraviolet.
Facile preparation of MoO3@Mo2CT
x
nanocomposite with high lithium storage performance by in situ oxidation
Authors: Guo Yitong , Xia Qixun , Chang Yukai , Wang Libo , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work, a new MoO3@Mo2CT
x
nanocomposite was prepared from two–dimensional (2D) Mo2CT
x
MXene by in situ oxidization in air, which exhibited wonderful lithium-storage performance as anodes of lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). The precursor Mo2CT
x
was synthesized from Mo2Ga2C by selective etching of NH4F at 180 °C for 24 h. Thereafter, the Mo2CT
x
was oxidized in air at 450 °C for 30 min to obtain MoO3@Mo2CT
x
nanocomposite. In the composite, in situ generated MoO3 nanocrystals pillar the layer structure of Mo2CT
x
MXene, which increases the interlayer space of Mo2CT
x
for Li storage and enhances the structure stability of the composite. Mo2CT
x
2D sheets provide a conductive substrate for MoO3 nanocrystals to enhance the Li+ accessibility. As anodes of LIBs, the final discharge specific capacity of the MoO3@Mo2CT
x
composite was 511.1 mAh g–1 at a current density of 500 mA g–1 after 100 cycles, which is about 36.7 times that of pure Mo2CT
x
MXene (13.9 mAh g–1) and 3.2 times that of pure MoO3 (159.9 mAh g–1). In the composites, both Mo2CT
x
and MoO3 provide high lithium storage capacity and can enhance the performance of each other. Moreover, this composite can be made by a facile method of in situ oxidation. Therefore, the MoO3@Mo2CT
x
MXene nanocomposite is a promising anode of LIB with high performance.
Cusps in heavy billiards
Authors: Hasselblatt Boris , Yeun Kim Ki , Levi Mark 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider billiards with cusps and with gravity pulling the particle into the cusp. We discover an adiabatic invariant in this context; it turns out that the invariant is in form almost identical to the Clairaut integral (angular momentum) for surfaces of revolution. We also approximate the bouncing motion of a particle near a cusp by smooth motion governed by a differential equation—which turns out to be identical to the differential equation governing geodesic motion on a surface of revolution. We also show that even in the presence of gravity pulling into a cusp of a billiard table, only the direct-hit orbit reaches the tip of the cusp. Finally, we provide an estimate of the maximal depth to which a particle penetrates the cusp before being ejected from it.
Classification and stability of positive solutions to the NLS equation on the
T
-metric graph
Authors: Agostinho Francisco , Correia Simão , Tavares Hugo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Given λ > 0 and p > 2, we present a complete classification of the positive H
1-solutions of the equation

−

u

′
′

+
λ
u
=

|

u

|

p
−
2

u

on the

T

-metric graph (consisting of two unbounded edges and a terminal edge of length

ℓ
>
0

, all joined together at a single vertex). This study implies, in particular, the uniqueness of action ground states. Moreover, for

p
∼

6
−

, the notions of action and energy ground states do not coincide and energy ground states are not unique. In the L
2-supercritical case p > 6, we prove that, for

λ
∼

0
+

and

λ
∼
+
∞

, action ground states are orbitally unstable for the flow generated by the associated time-dependent NLS equation

i

∂
t

u
+

∂

x
x

2

u
+

|

u

|

p
−
2

u
=
0

. Finally, we provide numerical evidence of the uniqueness of energy ground states for

p
∼

2
+

and of the existence of both stable and unstable action ground states for

p
∼
6

.