bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy based papermaking potential of some woody plants under different ecological conditions
Authors: Tırak Hızal Kamile , Birtürk Turgay 
Published: January 2024

The increasing use of wood in the forest industry and reduction of forest resources have prompted the paper industry to look for new materials. To this end, this study examined the biometric coefficients of the seven woody stems grown in different regions and investigated suitability for papermaking as an alternative to the use of wood. Wood samples of each species were collected from two different regions in Türkiye: the Kozan region, which has a Mediterranean climate, and the Yuvacık region, which has a mostly oceanic climate. The species included in the study were Phillyrea latifolia (mock privet), Arbutus andrachne (greek strawberry tree), Erica arborea (tree heath), Spartium junceum (spanish broom), Laurus nobilis (bay tree), Pistacia turpentine (cyprus turpentine tree), and Rhus coriaria (elm-leaved sumac). All fibers were classified as short. The longest fiber was observed for Spartium junceum (spanish broom) in Kozan. The fiber diameter was highest for Arbutus andrachne (greek strawberry tree) from Kozan, followed by Rhus coriaria (elm-leaved sumac) from Yuvacık and Laurus nobilis (bay tree) from Kozan. The fiber dimensions and the relationship between them were statistically analyzed. These included the slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, Runkel ratio, rigidity coefficient, Luce’s shape factor, F-factor, and Muhlsteph ratio. Although differences in fiber properties were detected between the two regions, it was determined that these were not enough to affect the desired properties for paper production. It was concluded that the fibers could be used in pulp, paperboard, and corrugated board production when mixed with long fibers.
Comparative study of ultrasonography and arteriography of the carotid artery of xylazine-sedated and halothane-anesthetized goats
Authors: Lee Shei-Wen , Hankes Gerald H. , Purohit Ram C. , Bartels Jan E. , Cartee Robert E. , Pablo Luisito , Conti James C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The carotid artery of clinically normal goats was examined, using duplex ultrasonography and arteriography. The diameter of the carotid artery was measured by use of two-dimensional ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively, before and after xylazine administration. The diameter of the artery was also measured by use of an arteriography technique in halothaneanesthetized goats. There was no significant difference between the mean diameter of the carotid artery measured by ultrasonography in conscious nonsedated goats and that determined by arteriography in goats under halothane anesthesia. On the other hand, ultrasonography of xylazine-sedated goats revealed an increase of carotid artery diameter of 20 to 30%. There was no change in the velocity of blood flow after xylazine administration.
Effects of age and prosthesis material on in vitro cartilage retention of laryngoplasty prostheses in horses
Authors: Dean Paul W. , Nelson James K. , Schumacher James 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Cartilage retention strengths of laryngoplasty prostheses were compared in larynges of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old horses, using doubled polyester and expanded polytetrafiuoroethylene prostheses. Bilateral laryngoplasties were performed on each of 15 (seven 2-year-old, two 3-year-old, and six 4-year-old) larynges, which were collected at an abbatoir. Prostheses were secured to a mechanical testing machine, and tension causing arytenoid cartilage abduction was applied, until total failure of the cartilage or prosthesis resulted. Tension caused cricoid cartilage failure in 1 specimen, and muscular process cartilage failure in the remainder. There was no significant effect of age, prosthetic material, or side of prosthesis placement on cartilage retention of the prostheses. Additionally, frequency of multiple load-displacement peaks, indicating partial muscular process failure, was not affected by age or prosthetic material variables.
Population biology of pseudorabies in swine
Authors: Smith Gary , Grenfell Bryan T. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A deterministic mathematical model of the population biology of pseudorabies in swine was used to clarify some of the basic features of the host-virus relationship and to inquire into the circumstances that promote or impede virus persistence in a single herd. When the basic reproductive rate of the infection (ie, the number of secondary infections resulting from the introduction of a single infective animal into a wholly susceptible herd) is greater than unity, the model suggests that the number of infective individuals in the herd will undergo highly damped oscillations to a final equilibrium level. The most important determinants of virus persistence are herd size and the density at which sows are maintained. There is a threshold density of susceptible individuals below which the virus will eventually be eliminated from the herd, even when specific control measures are lacking. Test and removal strategies hasten virus elimination when herd density is already below threshold, but are otherwise likely to succeed only when the removal of latent infections reduces the basic reproductive rate of the infection below unity. Vaccination strategies may also result in virus elimination, but only in relatively small herds.
DNA fingerprinting for differentiation of field isolates from reference vaccine strains of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys
Authors: Kim C. J. , Nagaraja K. V. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The genomes from field isolates of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys and those of P multocida reference CU and M9 vaccine strains were analyzed and compared after cleavage with restriction endonucleases. The electrophoretic profiles obtained with DNA fragments from field isolates and vaccine strains of the same serotype were characteristic and reproducible. These features indicated the existence of differences among the isolates of the same serotype that cannot currently be detected, using available serotyping methods. However, several field isolates had electrophoretic profiles similar to those of either CU or M9 vaccine strain. It was concluded that restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA genomes from P multocida isolated from turkeys provides the information for differentiation of field isolates from vaccine strains of the same serotype.
Influence of parental serum immunoglobulins on morbidity and mortality of Beagles and their offspring
Authors: Shofer Frances S. , Glickman Lawrence T. , Payton Alice J. , Laster Larry L. , Felsburg Peter J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations were determined for Beagle sires and dams of 717 matings to assess the relationship of parental immunoglobulins with the morbidity and mortality of their pups. A significant relationship was not found between parental immunoglobulins and pup mortality. Pups born to dams with low serum IgA (P < 0.001) and IgM (P < 0.02) concentrations, however, were found to have an increased incidence of sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge, and conjunctivitis. Thirty-eight percent of pups born to dams with IgA ≤ 40 mg/dl developed these same conditions during the first 18 weeks of life, compared with 32% of pups of dams with IgA of 41 to 65 mg/dl and 27% of pups of dams with IgA > 65 mg/dl. Similarly, 41% of pups born to dams with low IgM (≤ 135 mg/dl) developed abnormal respiratory tract signs, compared with 34% and 30% of pups born to dams with medium (136 to 175 mg/dl) and high (> 175 mg/dl) IgM, respectively. Serum IgA concentrations of the sires were also associated with abnormal respiratory tract signs in pups, but this influence was evident only at 10 to 18 weeks of age.
To determine biologic variability of serum IgA, 60 Beagle dams were selected from 3 serum IgA categories, low (10 to 21 mg/dl), medium (60 to 80 mg/dl), and high (125 to 210 mg/dl). A second serum IgA was determined from a sample taken 2 years later. The intraclass correlation coefficient (rI) indicated considerable biologic variability in all 3 groups: rI = −0.24, rI = 0.09, and rI = 0.46, for low, medium, and high IgA categories, respectively. In contrast, minimal variability was noticed between observers (rI = 0.98) and in the radial immunodiffusion test itself (rI = 0.96).
Quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy as a measure of bile flow in dogs with cholestatic disease
Authors: Rothuizen Jan , van den Brom Walter E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In 25 dogs with spontaneous cholestatic disease, the hepatobiliary dynamics were evaluated by use of scintigraphy and a 99mTc-labeled iminodiacetate (ida) derivative. Hyperbilirubinemia existed in all dogs, with serum total bilirubin concentration ranging from 6 to 262 (μmol/L. An appropriate compartmental model was used to characterize the liver time-activity curves. Model-dependent variables for hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of radiolabeled IDA were found to reliably represent the underlying physiologic processes. Measurements directly derived from the liver time-activity curves of IDA, representing the moments of accumulation of 50 and 95% of the maximal hepatic activity did not accurately represent the hepatic uptake by being significantly influenced by biliary excretion and by competition of renal excretion. The time-interval between 95% and 50% of the maximal activity in the excretory phase proved to be a quantitative characteristic of bile flow in all instances. Compartmental analysis of 99mTc-ida excretory scintigraphy characterized bile flow quantitatively in clinically normal dogs and in dogs with cholestasis. The method permitted the clinical evaluation of cholestasis based on quantitative, instead of the usual qualitative, and on functional, instead of phenomenologic, criteria.
Phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and oxidative metabolism of milk neutrophils from dairy cows fed selenium-supplemented and selenium-deficient diets
Authors: Grasso P. J. , Scholz R. W. , Erskine R. J. , Eberhart R. J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Six primiparous Holstein cows were fed a Se-deficient diet, beginning at least 90 days before their first calving, and 6 other primiparous cows were given the same diet plus a supplement of 2 mg of Se/cow/d as sodium selenite. All cows were fed their diets for the duration of the experimental period. One uninfected quarter of each cow was injected with 25 μg of Escherichia coli endotoxin at postpartum week 5. Leukocytes were isolated by centrifugation from milk collected at postinjection hour 16. Isolated cells were 92 ± 3% neutrophils and were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus or E coli in a 1:300 ratio. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing by neutrophils were assessed after 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes by a fluorochrome assay, using acridine orange. Viability of neutrophils was assessed by use of trypan blue. Superoxide anion production and hydrogen peroxide production by neutrophils also were determined.
Cows fed Se-deficient diets had significantly (P < 0.05) lower blood Se concentration and blood glutathione peroxidase activity than cows fed Se-supplemented diets. Selenium status had no effect on the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils. Neutrophils obtained from cows fed Se-supplemented diets killed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage of ingested bacteria than did neutrophils from cows fed the Se-deficient diet. Viability was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by incubation with S aureus in neutrophils from both groups of cows, with neutrophils from Se-deficient cows having lower viability. Superoxide anion production did not differ significantly between neutrophils from the 2 groups, but extracellular hydrogen peroxide concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in neutrophils harvested from milk of cows fed the Se-deficient diet.
Platelet aggregation studies in dogs with acute Ehrlichia platys infection
Authors: Gaunt Stephen D. , Baker Dale C. , Babin Shirley S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Ten adult dogs (5 Beagles and 5 mixed-breed dogs) were inoculated IV with canine platelets containing Ehrlichia platys. Inclusions and morulae of E platys developed in platelets of infected dogs at 10 to 14 days after inoculation, followed by marked thrombocytopenia at 14 to 21 days. Parasitemia and marked thrombocytopenia recurred at 24 to 28 days after inoculation. Increased numbers of megakaryocytes were observed in marrow aspirate smears from infected dogs, indicative of regenerative thrombocytopenia. Prior to infection, platelet-rich plasma from these dogs was determined to have similar aggregatory response to arachidonate. After infection with E platys, the aggregatory response of platelet-rich plasma to collagen or 3 dilutions of adenosine diphosphate was evaluated. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of platelet aggregatory response to the lowest dilution of adenosine diphosphate was detected for mixed-breed dogs, whereas aggregation responses were unchanged in Beagles. Results indicate that platelet activation may occur in dogs with acute ehrlichial infection.
Influence of induced cholestasis on pharmacokinetics of digoxin and digitoxin in dogs
Authors: Miyazawa Y. , Sato T. , Kobayashi K. , Akahori F. , Suzuki T. , Miyashita H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Dogs with ligated common bile ducts were used to determine effects of cholestasis on pharmacokinetics of digoxin and digitoxin. Forty-three dogs were assigned to: group 1—sham-operated controls (n = 13); group 2—dogs with ligated common bile duct (n = 17); group 38—dogs given phenobarbital for 2 weeks before common bile duct was ligated (n = 11); or group 4—dogs with an induced biliary fistula (n = 2). Digoxin (group A) or digitoxin (group B) was given as single iv injections, and digitalis concentration in plasma was measured by radioimmunoassay.
In 18 dogs given digoxin, differences in plasma digoxin concentrations among groups 1A to 3A were not significant (P > 0.1). Plasma elimination rate of digoxin was delayed in group 2A. Group-3A dogs had a shortened β phase half-life (t½(β)) and a decreased distribution volume.
In 25 dogs given digitoxin, group-2B dogs maintained a significantly higher plasma digitoxin concentration (P < 0.01) and had a significantly longer t½(β) than did dogs in groups 1B and 3B (P < 0.05). In group-3B dogs, plasma digitoxin concentration was decreased and t½(β)) of digitoxin was shortened. In 10 group-B dogs given 3H-digitoxin (groups 1B, 2B, and 4B), the excretion of total radioactivity in urine and bile was 15 to 20 and 7% of the dose, respectively in the first 24 hours. Most radioactivity in urine and bile was a dichloromethane-unextractable fraction. In group-3B dogs, the urinary excretion was 35% of the dose, and the dichloromethane-unextractable fraction was greater than those in other groups.
Seemingly, the status of the liver affected pharmacokinetics of digoxin and digitoxin. However, the influence of induced cholestasis on the pharmacokinetics of digitoxin appeared to be greater than that of digoxin in dogs.
Reproductive consequences of deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase in Holstein cattle
Authors: Shanks Roger D. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cattle heterozygous for deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase required more breeding services per calving when mated to other heterozygotes than did matings of normal cattle. Gestation length, number of breeding services per calving, and days from breeding to pregnancy examination were monitored on 759 complete gestations, 76 false-positive pregnancy diagnoses, 14 false-negative pregnancy diagnoses, and 413 negative pregnancy diagnoses in a dairy herd between 1983 and 1987. For complete gestations, 15 heterozygote × heterozygote matings required 3.13 ± 0.37 breeding services per calving, which was significantly more than the 2.05 ± 0.05 breeding services required for normal × normal matings; gestation length and days from breeding to pregnancy examination were similar between mating types. For false-positive pregnancy diagnoses, females diagnosed pregnant, but subsequently found not to be pregnant, 5 heterozygote × heterozygote matings averaged 51 ± 23 days of gestation, which was less than the 93 ± 6 days required for 71 normal matings; services and days from breeding to pregnancy examination were similar between mating types. All false-negative pregnancy diagnoses, females diagnosed not pregnant but later found to be pregnant, were made on cattle with normal matings. For negative pregnancy diagnoses, heterozygous matings averaged 0.3 more breeding services per examination than normal matings.
Identification of gonadal steroid receptors in meningiomas from dogs and cats
Authors: Speciale John , Koffman Boyd M. , Bashirelahi Nasir , Steinberg Sheldon A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cytosolic assay was used to detect gonadal steroid receptors in brain tumor tissue from 6 dogs and 2 cats. For 4 samples, the maximal number of binding sites and the equilibrium dissociation constant were calculated, using Scatchard analysis. The concentration of receptor protein that was discovered was similar to that detected in hormone-sensitive tumors.
Effect of bovine fibroblast interferon on rhinovirus infection in calves
Authors: Rosenquist Bruce D. , Allen Gary K. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The prophylactic/therapeutic activity of natural bovine fibroblast interferon (BoF-ifn) against bovine rhinovirus infection in calves was assessed. Six calves were each given 8 intranasal inoculations of partially purified BoF-ifn (3.25 × 105 U at 8 am, 11 am, 5 pm, and 8 pm on day 1 and 8 am, 11 am, 2 pm, and 5pm on day 2), and 6 calves were given placebo. All calves were challenge exposed with 105.1 TCID50) of bovine rhinovirus after the first 2 treatments (6 hours after the first ifn or placebo treatment). Nasal excretion of rhinovirus, ifn concentration in the nasal secretions, and nasal secretion and serum rhinovirus antibodies were measured before and at selected times after calves were inoculated. Interferon-treated calves excreted rhinovirus in their nasal secretions in lesser amounts (mean value, 0.84 log10 TCID50/ml vs 1.58 log10 TCID50/ml on postchallenge exposure days 1 and 2; (P < 0.05) and for a shorter duration (P < 0.05) than did placebo-treated calves. No calves developed clinical signs of respiratory tract illness. Rhinovirus antibody titer was not significantly different between ifn- and placebo-treated calves.
Necrotic oophoritis in heifers vaccinated intravenously with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine during estrus
Authors: Smith Paul C. , Nusbaum K. E. , Kwapien R. P. , Stringfellow D. A. , Driggers K. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Twenty-two Hereford heifers were injected im with prostaglandin F2αa, 11 days apart to synchronize estrous cycles. Twelve of 14 heifers that had signs of estrus were inoculated iv with 1 of 3 modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccines, and 2 were assigned to a nonvaccinated control group. Also, 6 of the 8 anestrous heifers were inoculated iv with 1 of the 3 vaccines on the fourth day after the last prostaglandin injection and the other 2 were assigned to the nonvaccinated group. Vaccine virus was isolated from the blood and nasal and vaginal secretions from the vaccinated heifers on postvaccination days 4, 7, and 9. On postvaccination day 9, all heifers were ovariectomized and ovarian tissues were processed for virus isolation and histologic examination. Vaccine virus was isolated from ovarian tissues of some heifers in each of the vaccine groups. Necrotic oophoritis characterized by multifocal areas of ovarian tissue necrosis, hemorrhage, and mononuclear lymphocytic infiltration was observed. The corpora lutea and surrounding ovarian tissues taken from vaccinated heifers in each group had varying amounts of necrotic and inflammatory change, but the changes appeared to be more severe in 1 group than in the other 2. Virus also was isolated from 2 of the controls; these heifers apparently became infected with vaccine virus that had been excreted from the vaccinated animals.
Development of wheat-sensitive enteropathy in Irish Setters: Morphologic changes
Authors: Hall Edward J. , Batt Roger M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Morphologic changes in the small intestine were investigated during development of naturally acquired wheat-sensitive enteropathy in Irish Setters. To distinguish underlying morphologic abnormalities from non-specific effects of intestinal damage, progeny of affected dogs reared on a normal wheat-containing diet were compared with their own littermates reared on a cereal-free diet and with age-matched clinically normal Irish Setters fed the same wheat-containing diet. Peroral jejunal biopsy specimens were taken sequentially between 4 months and 1 year of age. At 4 months of age, there were no differences in villus height, comparing the 3 groups, but increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells were already present in biopsy specimens from the affected Irish Setters fed wheat. Dietary wheat resulted in a progressive reduction in villus height in the jejunum of affected Irish Setters from 6 months onward. Underlying morphologic abnormalities were not found, and the characteristic morphologic changes of this enteropathy were secondary to the presence of dietary wheat. However, development of partial villus atrophy was preceded by increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells.
Comparison of dna:dna homology and enzymatic activity between Pasteurella haemolytica and related species
Authors: Bingham Douglas P. , Moore Rebecca , Richards Alan B. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A commercially available microbiological identification system and dna:dna hybridization were used to determine relationships between and within serovars 1-13 of Pasteurella haemolytica, and between P haemolytica and P multocida and 4 species of Actinobacillus. All serovars of P haemolytica that belonged to biovar A were related with mean dna homology of 78%, whereas all serovars of P haemolytica that belonged to biovar T were related to each other with mean dna homology of 90%. The dna:dna hybridization between strains of biovars A and T ranged from 3 to 13%, indicating little or no genetic relationship between the 2 biovars of P haemolytica. The dna homology between all serovars of P haemolytica and other species of non-P haemolytica bacteria tested (P multocida and actinobacilli) was < 14%, suggestive of essentially no genetic relationship of P haemolytica with the atcc reference strains of the genus Pasteurella or the genus Actinobacillus.
Enzymatic differences were observed between P haemolytica and the other non-P haemolytica bacteria tested; however, the microbiological identification system that uses enzymatic reactions could not distinguish among biovars of P haemolytica. Results of this research support other data that suggest that biovars A and T of P haemolytica should be classified as separate species, but do not support the inclusion of either biovar A or T within the genus Actinobacillus.