bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A landscape-level study on vegetation richness of ancient landslide areas
Authors: Takaoka Sadao 
Published: October 2023

Landslides have received significant attention as an important natural disturbance that maintains biodiversity, but most previous studies have focused on the early stages of succession during years or decades in sites or small watersheds. The present study aimed to determine what regional drivers influence long-term ecological succession in large, ancient landslide scarps across a mountainous region in Japan. A landscape-level analysis of 993 landslide scarps using GIS revealed that climatic factors, especially snowfall, are important regional drivers of vegetation development on landslide head scarps in the region. While vegetation has developed on ancient landslide scarps, not all of them have returned to their pre-landslide vegetation state even though hundreds or thousands of years may have passed. The relationship between the number of vegetation types and maximum snow depth shows that where the maximum snow depth is less than 100 cm, more than 50% of the landslide scarps are covered by one type of vegetation, and the percentage of scarps covered by one type of vegetation decreases with increasing snow cover. The deeper the snow, the more vegetation types tend to develop on the landslide scarps. Since forest vegetation cannot develop due to heavy snow, meadows, grasslands, and shrublands are found on the scarps. It is concluded that the combined effects of both landslide-caused disturbances and climatic factors are creating regional diversity in vegetation types.
IFRS and ESG Disclosure in Indian Corporate Sector
Authors: Dayanandan Ajit , Donker Han , Kuntluru Sudershan 
Published: October 2023

World-wide, there is movement toward embracing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues in corporate conduct and performance. These developments have led to movement toward “reimagining capitalism,” and many firms have ridden the wave of investor enthusiasm for firms that prioritize ESG disclosures. The present study examines the role of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in India on ESG and overall ESG reporting. The Indian capital markets regulator, SEBI, had made integrated reporting compulsory for listed firms to disclose information about matters that substantively affect the organization’s ability to create value over the short, medium, and long term at a time. Motivated by this episode, we examine how accounting regulations in the form of IFRS could influence ESG disclosures in India. Based on the ESG scores of 104 non-financial firms in India from 2013 to 2021, the study finds a positive relationship between ESG reporting and IFRS introduction in India. The performance of firms (return on assets) and leverage had a negative impact on ESG disclosures. JEL Codes: G14, K22, L51, M38, M41
Osteoperiosteal Iliac Autograft Transplantation for Unreconstructable Tibial Plafond After Malunions of Pilon Fractures in Young Patients
Authors: Gan Ting-Jiang , Ma Xi-Kun , Li Ya-Xing , Chen Yu , Liu Xi , Li Jia , Zhang Hui 
Published: October 2023

Background: Malunion of tibial pilon fracture, especially with a large cartilage loss of the tibial plafond, is a tough clinical conundrum. This study describes a joint-preserving technique that mainly involves corrective intraarticular osteotomy and osteoperiosteal iliac autograft transplantation for treating these generally considered unreconstructable tibial plafond. Methods: Sixteen patients with an average age of 33.6 years who were treated with this joint-preserving method between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Ankle distraction was applied in all patients. Additional osteochondral autograft transplantation for talus was performed in 4 patients and supramalleolar osteotomy in 2 patients. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score, and the ankle range of motion (ROM) were used for outcome analysis. Radiographic assessment was conducted, and the complications were recorded. Results: At a mean follow-up of 41.1 months, the mean VAS, AOFAS, and SF-36 scores improved from 6.3, 47.6, and 38.0 to 1.7, 84.4, and 70.8, respectively ( P < .001 for each). The ankle ROM improved from 27.5 to 32.2 degrees ( P = .023). The mean area of ilium blocks was 3.5 cm2, and the mean external fixation time was 94.1 days. Radiographs showed that good osteointegration was found in all patients and no significant progression of osteoarthritis in 15 patients. The major complications included poor incision healing in 2 patients and severe ankle stiffness in 2 patients, with one of them developing considerable varus-type osteoarthritis but reporting no pain. No deep infection, nonunion, or malunion occurred, and no secondary arthrodesis was performed during the final follow-up. Conclusion: Osteoperiosteal iliac autograft transplantation might be an alternative surgical option for reconstructing unreconstructable malunited pilon fractures with a large cartilage loss of the tibial plafond in young patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Latrine Utilization and its Associated Factors in Urban Slums Dwellers of Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yirdaw Getasew , Dessie Awrajaw , Azanaw Jember , Birhan Tsegaye Adane 
Published: October 2023

Background: Sanitation facilities are critical for interrupting the transmission of feco-oral disease through proper use, not simply their physical presence. Latrine utilization is the actual behavior in a practice of regularly using existing latrines for the safe disposal of excreta. In slum regions of developing nations, such as Ethiopia, poor latrine use is a prevalent concern. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the state of latrine utilization and its determinant factors in the urban slums of Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done in slum regions of Gondar City from March 1 to April 30, 2021, with a total of 422 systematically chosen households. A structured pre-tested questionnaire and on-the-spot observational checklists were used to collect the data from each household. Result: Latrine utilization was observed among 31.5% of households. Latrine utilization was also significantly associated with the age of the latrine (age ⩽10 years) (AOR: 2.31; 95% CI (1.15, 4.63)), cleanliness of the latrine (AOR: 3.70; 95% CI (1.16, 11.78)), pit being lined (AOR: 6.33; 95% CI (2.09, 19.15)), depth of latrine (⩽3 m) (AOR: 0.43; 95% CI (0.24, 0.77)), and cleaning materials for handwashing (AOR: 0.33; 95% CI (0.15, 0.75)). Conclusion: Based on the present finding, most households didn’t have proper latrine utilization practices. The age of the latrine, cleanliness of the latrine, pit being lined, depth of the pit, and cleaning materials for handwashing were associated factors of latrine utilization. As a result, sanitation interventions such as health education about improving the cleanliness and sanitary condition of existing latrine facilities and constructing lined and deep new latrines as the goal’s standard should be implemented.
Multiword units in multilingual speakers
Authors: Hennecke Inga , Perevozchikova Tatiana , Wiesinger Evelyn 
Published: October 2023

Aims and objectives: This introductory article aims to set the scene for the special issue by discussing existing and future research directions on multiword units (MWUs) in multilingual speakers. It also outlines the purpose and structure of the special issue and presents the individual contributions. Design, data and analysis: The introductory article reviews the most relevant theoretical and methodological issues as well as the main research gaps related to the processing, learning, and use of MWUs in both mono- and multilingual speakers. In addition, it introduces the contributions to this volume and briefly presents the types of MWUs, the types of multilingual speakers and the data and methodologies that are in focus. Conclusions, originality and implications: The contributions in this special issue on different types of MWUs in different groups of multilingual speakers using different methodologies shed new light on open questions in various areas of multilingualism research, including psycholinguistic approaches to second-language learning and processing, contact linguistics as well as research on heritage speakers and language attrition. In this regard, the special issue contributes to a more complete and differentiated picture of the role of MWUs in multilingual speakers but also in language processing, learning, and use in general.
Differences in postpartum mental healthcare among women with identified needs: the role of migration status
Authors: Santiá Paula , De Montgomery Christopher Jamil , Pedersen Trine Pagh , Marti-Castaner Maria 
Published: October 2023

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the association between women’s migrant status (majority, immigrant, descendant) and use of postpartum mental healthcare and investigate whether migration characteristics are associated with mental healthcare use. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. We included all mothers of children born between 2002 and 2018 in 34 municipalities of Denmark who had an identified mental health need as clinically assessed by a child health visitor (CHV) or by a score of 11 or more on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Women were followed until the first mental healthcare received 2 years’ postpartum, death or emigration. Using Cox regression models, we estimated the time to mental healthcare by migrant status and explored the role of migration characteristics. Results: A total of 29% of women ( n = 45,573) had a mental health need identified by the CHV, and 7% ( n = 4968) had an EPDS ⩾ 11. Immigrants accounted for 19.5%, and descendants for 4.7% of the sample. Immigrants were at lower risk of using mental healthcare than the majority group (CHV: hazard ratio adjusted (HRa) 0.75 (0.70–0.79), EPDS: HRa 0.67 (0.58–0.78)), as were descendants (CHV: HRa 0.77 (0.70–0.86), EPDS: HRa 0.69 (0.55–0.88)). Among migrants, those not refugees, newly arrived, whose partners were immigrants or descendants, and those originally from Africa showed a lower risk of using postpartum mental healthcare. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the need to strengthen access to mental healthcare for immigrants and descendants experiencing postpartum mental health concerns and consider migration characteristics as indicators of potential inequalities in access to maternal mental healthcare.
Anti-Nogo-A Antibody Therapy Improves Functional Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Powers Brian E. , Ton Son T. , Farrer Robert G. , Chaudhary Suhani , Nockels Russ P. , Kartje Gwendolyn L. , Tsai Shih-Yen 
Published: October 2023

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause sensorimotor deficits, and recovery is slow and incomplete. There are no effective pharmacological treatments for recovery from TBI, but research indicates potential for anti-Nogo-A antibody (Ab) therapy. This Ab neutralizes Nogo-A, an endogenous transmembrane protein that inhibits neuronal plasticity and regeneration. Objective We hypothesized that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment following TBI results in disinhibited axonal growth from the contralesional cortex, the establishment of new compensatory neuronal connections, and improved function. Methods We modeled TBI in rats using the controlled cortical impact method, resulting in focal brain damage and motor deficits like those observed in humans with a moderate cortical TBI. Rats were trained on the skilled forelimb reaching task and the horizontal ladder rung walking task. They were then given a TBI, targeting the caudal forelimb motor cortex, and randomly divided into 3 groups: TBI-only, TBI + Anti-Nogo-A Ab, and TBI + Control Ab. Testing resumed 3 days after TBI and continued for 8 weeks, when rats received an injection of the anterograde neuronal tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the corresponding area contralateral to the TBI. Results We observed significant improvement in rats that received anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment post-TBI compared to controls. Analysis of BDA-positive axons revealed that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment resulted in cortico-rubral plasticity to the deafferented red nucleus. Conclusions. Anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment may improve functional recovery via neuronal plasticity to brain areas important for skilled movements, and this treatment shows promise to improve outcomes in humans who have suffered a TBI.
A translational roadmap for transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third stroke recovery and rehabilitation roundtable
Authors: Edwards Jodi D , Dominguez-Vargas Adan Ulises , Rosso Charlotte , Branscheidt Meret , Sheehy Lisa , Quandt Fanny , Zamora Simon A , Fleming Melanie K , Azzollini Valentina , Mooney Ronan A , Stagg Charlotte J , Gerloff Chiristian , Rossi Simone , Cohen Leonardo G , Celnik Pablo , Nitsche Michael A , Buetefisch Cathrin M , Dancause Numa 
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims: The purpose of this Third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable (SRRR3) was to develop consensus recommendations to address outstanding barriers for the translation of preclinical and clinical research using the non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and provide a roadmap for the integration of these techniques into clinical practice. Methods: International NIBS and stroke recovery experts (N = 18) contributed to the consensus process. Using a nominal group technique, recommendations were reached via a five-stage process, involving a thematic survey, two priority ranking surveys, a literature review and an in-person meeting. Results and Conclusions: Results of our consensus process yielded five key evidence-based and feasibility barriers for the translation of preclinical and clinical NIBS research, which were formulated into five core consensus recommendations. Recommendations highlight an urgent need for (1) increased understanding of NIBS mechanisms, (2) improved methodological rigor in both preclinical and clinical NIBS studies, (3) standardization of outcome measures, (4) increased clinical relevance in preclinical animal models, and (5) greater optimization and individualization of NIBS protocols. To facilitate the implementation of these recommendations, the expert panel developed a new SRRR3 Unified NIBS Research Checklist. These recommendations represent a translational pathway for the use of NIBS in stroke rehabilitation research and practice.
Evaluating an Association Between Prenatal Smoking Behavior and Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Dharel Dinesh , Dahal Rudra , Adhikari Kamala , Muhajarine Nazeem , Bhattarai Asmita 
Published: October 2023

Background: Prenatal smoking is consistently associated with adverse breastfeeding outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association of smoking cessation or continuation during pregnancy with exclusive breastfeeding in a representative sample of the general Canadian population. Methods: We used the pooled sample of 9860 females with pregnancy experience of last under-five child from the Canadian Community Health Surveys 2015-2018 public use microdata file. We categorized self-reported prenatal smoking status as continuing, quitting, or no smoking. We evaluated the association between exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months or more with prenatal smoking status using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic variables. Results: With the pooled prevalence of 33.2% (95% CI 31.7, 34.8), 34.4% (95% CI 32.8, 36.1) of non-smokers, 25.7% (95% CI 20.2, 32.2) of those who quit and 15.7% (95% CI 10.8, 22.2) of those who continued smoking reported exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months or more. Continuing smoking had lower odds of exclusive breastfeeding (aOR .47; 95% CI 0.30,0.75) but quitting smoking had no difference (aOR .78;95% CI 0.56,1.08) when compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: Continuing smoking during pregnancy was associated with lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding of infants for 6 months or more. Smoking cessation interventions during prenatal visits may improve exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Outcomes Associated With Levetiracetam Use After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Leatherwood Mary Stewart , Hamilton Leslie A , Barber Jacob , Rowe A. Shaun 
Published: October 2023

Background and Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of seizures in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who received prophylactic levetiracetam. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating the use of levetiracetam in patients without a history of seizures who experienced a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Patients were excluded if they were younger than 18 years of age, had a documented history of a seizure disorder, or had an antiseizure drug documented on their home medication list. Patients were based on their exposure to levetiracetam. The primary outcome was incidence of seizure during hospital admission. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of adverse events, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. Results Of the 229 patients included in the final analysis, 21 were in the levetiracetam group (LEV) and 208 were in the no levetiracetam group (no LEV). No statistical difference in seizure incidence was observed when comparing the LEV and no LEV groups (1 [4.8%] LEV vs 3 [1.4%] no LEV; P = .32). There was also no statistical difference in the median ICU LOS (2 days [1 day, 5 days] LEV vs 2 days [1 day, 3 days] no LEV; P = .27), median hospital LOS (6 days [2 days, 8 days] LEV vs 6 days [3 days, 9 days] no LEV; P = .27), or adverse events. Conclusions This study does not support the use of levetiracetam prophylaxis in patients who have experienced an ICH.
Primary health care providers knowledge of dementia and cognitive assessment tools for elderly populations in Southeast Nigeria: A pilot survey
Authors: Ogbuagu Chukwuanugo , Uwakwe Richard , Kahn James G , Ogbuagu Ekenechukwu , Emelumadu Obiageli , Okereke Uzoma , Okeke Irene , Chigbo Godswill , Okoye Obiora 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Primary health care remains the widely available first point of medical care in Nigeria and in other low- and middle-income countries. Recognizing the rising prevalence of dementia in these settings, primary healthcare providers should be trained on cognitive assessment. However, little is known about the current Nigerian primary healthcare providers’ knowledge of dementia, cognitive assessment tools, and use in elderly populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate primary healthcare providers’ knowledge of dementia and cognitive assessment tools in Southeast Nigeria in preparation for the introduction of digital tablet-based assessment tool. Methods: This is a cross-sectional mixed method descriptive pilot survey carried out in a comprehensive healthcare center affiliated with Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital. Fifty healthcare workers participated. Convenience sampling was employed involving all consenting primary healthcare providers in comprehensive healthcare center-Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital. A structured questionnaire was distributed for generation of both qualitative and quantitative data. Result: The mean age of the 50 primary healthcare providers was 36.6 years, with females constituting 80%. Mean practice duration was 10.8 years. Their response on the mean age at which patients may need a cognitive assessment was reported as 52.8 years. Primary healthcare providers reported that dementia is associated with memory loss and can be genetically inherited. None of the respondents were familiar with Montreal cognitive assessment, or any form of tablet-based cognitive assessment tool. Most (86%) knew about the mini mental state examination. Conclusion: Primary healthcare providers are deficient in knowledge of dementia Alzheimer’s or cognitive assessment tools, and so they do not routinely carryout cognitive screening in elderly patients during clinic visits. It is important to train all cadres of primary healthcare staff on the use and benefit of cognitive assessment using culturally validated user-friendly tool to improve quality of care for the elderly population.
Nontargeted Native Renal Biopsy Adequacy: Preintervention Data From a Province-Wide, Multicentre, and Interdepartmental Audit
Authors: Nugent James P. , Bissonnette Mei Lin Z. , Gibney Brian , Farah Myriam , Harris Alison C. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Nontargeted renal biopsy is essential to diagnosis, classification, and prognostication of medical renal disease. Inadequate biopsies delay diagnosis, expose the patient to repeated biopsy, and increase costs. Objective: The purpose of this project is to characterize nontargeted renal biopsy specimen adequacy and identify areas for improvement. Design: This project was designed as a clinical audit of specimen adequacy rates of nontargeted renal biopsies from 13 hospitals, as well as a questionnaire of radiology and pathology department staff regarding current practices surrounding renal biopsies. Setting: Retrospective analysis of 2188 adult native renal biopsies was performed from January 1, 2018, to September 9, 2021, across 13 hospitals. Patients: Adult patients with medical renal disease undergoing a nontargeted renal biopsy were included. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 2188 adult native renal biopsies was performed from January 1, 2018, to September 9, 2021, across 13 hospitals. Adequacy was divided into 4 categories based on number of glomeruli received: ideally adequate (≥25 glomeruli), minimally adequate (15-24), suboptimal (<15 and diagnosis rendered), and inadequate (<15 and no diagnosis rendered). Two targets were chosen; target 1, to achieve a combined suboptimal and inadequate rate ≤ 10%, and target 2, to attain an ideally adequate rate ≥80%. Radiology department heads in the province were surveyed on biopsy equipment, technique, technologist support, and feasibility of possible interventions to enhance biopsy adequacy. Pathology department staff were surveyed on their education and experience. Results: Adequacy was as follows: ideally adequate 64.7%, minimally adequate 26.0%, suboptimal 7.9%, and inadequate 1.4%. The province (and 8/13 hospitals) met target 1 for native biopsies (9.3%). Two hospitals achieved target 2 for native biopsies. A key finding was that the 2 hospitals with the lowest target 1 scores did not have a technologist present at biopsy. Limitations: Survey data was used to assess biopsy technique at each hospital, and specific technique for each biopsy was not recorded. As such, a multivariate statistical analysis of specimen adequacy rates was not feasible. Data on complications was not collected. Conclusions: Preintervention the province was at target for limiting inadequate and suboptimal native biopsies. There was a substantial shortfall in the ideally adequate rate from the proposed target. Using insight from survey data, interventions with the greatest expected impact were identified and those that are feasible given limited resources will be implemented to improve sample adequacy. Trial Registration: Not registered.