bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Tuoni in Italian Renaissance Music Theory
Authors: Dodds Michael R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the three historical-conceptual layers, it was the oldest and deepest that most confounded Renaissance and Baroque music theorists: the tonus–modus continuum. Though often used as synonyms for mode, tonus and modus carry different connotations. Tonus corresponds to the melodic aspects of mode (“tune”), especially the psalm tones, while modus is associated with species definitions of mode (“scale”). While this dualism is present from the beginnings of Western music theory, the explosive growth of polyphonic psalmody during the era of Catholic reform, especially in Italy, produced confusion between the modi and tuoni. For theorists, this prompted a conundrum of both taxonomy and ontology: How do the tones of polyphonic psalmody relate to their like-numbered modes, from which they often differ in final, characteristic octave species, and cadential hierarchies? Should these tuoni be considered “modes” in their own right, and on what basis? From first viewing the tones as mere manifestations of their respective modes, successive generations of theorists over the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries came to see them as parallel to, then fully independent of—indeed supplanting—the modes. The evolving status of the tuoni corresponds to a shift from reason to practice as the epistemic basis of mode. This chapter focuses on Italian Renaissance theorists of vocal polyphony, while the next chapter addresses the dissemination of the tuoni in Western European theory after the introduction of basso per organo.
The Physical Nature of River Ecosystems
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the longitudinal nature of river ecosystems, from headwaters to the estuary, explaining the fates of rainfall and its effects, infiltration to groundwater, rain-driven erosion both outside and within streams, the various within-stream physical features and how such features impact biota. The size of various particles is discussed, how the water currents move particles, how such particles shape habitat and carry pollutants, and how the water interacts with the riparian zone. Water temperature, a product of season and latitude, causes stratification of deeper rivers and estuaries, impacting distribution of suspended solids, nutrients, and plankton. Light within the water column is a major driver of the micro-and-macroscopic plant community and is strongly impacted by turbidity and water color. Simple equations are described using examples to determine the light attenuation coefficient, and how it is used to compute the amount of available light at a given depth is computed, as well as how current mixing impacts average light.
River Fishes and Other Vertebrate Communities
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Habitats along the river continuum are highly variable and are exploited by a diverse community of fishes. Species of minnows, carp, suckers, catfishes, perches, sunfish, bass, salmonids, and sturgeon are distributed among the upper and lower water columns, riffles and pools, rocky or sandy bottom, snags, cold and warm waters, swift and slow currents and feed on periphyton, macrophytes, zooplankton, invertebrates, and smaller fish. Some species such as salmonids are anadromous and migrate along the river according to life stage. Part-time users of lotic habitats include amphibians—salamanders, frogs, and toads—many species of which have suffered losses through fungal disease. Reptiles such as turtles, snakes, and crocodilians are highly visible part-time river users; the alligator is an ecological engineer that creates wetland habitats and large crocodiles are powerful apex predators whose prey includes humans. A number of fur-bearing mammals use streams and rivers; the beaver, once highly prized for its fur, is also a well-known ecological engineer that creates and destroys habitats by tree removal and dam building. Hippopotami are massive and highly dangerous river users that engineer habitats and whose dung production can change river water chemistry through massive nutrient oversupply that causes algal blooms and fish kills. Birds use the stream environment as both generalists and obligate users, feeding on plants, seeds, invertebrates, other birds, small mammals, and fish through floating and diving, swimming, wading, and aerial searching. Some, especially predators and carrion feeders, have suffered highly visibly from chemical pollution through the food chain.
Blackwater Streams and Rivers
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blackwater systems are called so because the water is darkly colored from leachate from organic acids from riparian swamp vegetation. Such systems can be found in many locations throughout the world but are especially prominent and well studied in the Mid-Atlantic to the Southeast Coastal Plain of the USA. Besides the coloration, pH can be quite low from organic acids, yet rich faunal communities are present. Along the river continuum, heterotrophy gets stronger rather than weaker as in uncolored waters because the colored DOM attenuates light in deeper rivers, so phytoplankton blooms are relegated to shallow streams or surface cyanobacterial blooms. The snag (large woody debris) community is vitally important since snags are solid substrata in a sandy environment, and a food web consists of benthos living on snags consuming food materials from the current, in turn being consumed by small fish, which in turn are consumed by piscivores. Another food web is sediment-based upon oligochaetes and chironomids.
The Ecology of Tidal Creeks
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of tidal creeks has been heretofore ignored in classical river ecology, yet such creeks are highly abundant in Coastal Plain regions and present in coastal tectonic and mountain areas as well. Creek sediments can be rocky, muddy, or sandy, depending upon region. These creeks serve as vitally important means of materials transfer between dissolved and particulate forms, inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton, zooplankton and higher organisms, and freshwater and marine environments. Tidal creeks are well known as primary nursery areas that are important to fish production through supply of food and protection from larger predators. They are described by the Strahler stream order system, with lowest-order (headwaters; fresh to oligohaline) areas strongly impacted by human pollutants, with fecal microbe abundance, nitrate and ammonium, and metals and chemical pollution positively correlated with watershed impervious surface coverage. Riparian areas of continental-draining tidal creeks are heavily used as residential areas, agricultural areas, golf course locations, and sites of numerous marinas. Oyster reefs in these creeks serve as passive ecological engineers, providing structure, habitat for fish and invertebrates, food for humans, and a means of clearing water of suspended solids, bacteria, and phytoplankton through large-scale filtration.
Industrial Pollution of Streams and Rivers
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Streams and rivers are used by industries of all types as source water and as repositories of wastewater; streams are also beset with pollutant spills. Power plants that produce steam discharge heated effluents into rivers and reservoirs; sometimes metals that are byproducts of coal burning (mercury and selenium, for instance) pollute waters enough to damage the fishery. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century rivers continue to be polluted with Hg, Cd, As, Pb, and other metals. Pesticides enter streams in runoff or airborne deposition, and even long-banned pesticides and other chemicals are in stream sediments. Toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one such group; other toxic compounds in streams include dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are urban stream pollutants. More recently, plastics pollution in rivers has achieved huge interest, and the negative impacts of waterborne per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are of great concern and study.
Vascularized Brain Assembloids With Enhanced Cellular Complexity Provide Insights Into the Cellular Deficits of Tauopathy
Authors: Sun Xiaohuan , Kofman Simeon , Ogbolu Victor C , Karch Celeste M , Ibric Larisa , Qiang Liang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Advanced technologies have enabled the engineering of self-organized 3-dimensional (3D) cellular structures from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), namely organoids, which recapitulate some key features of tissue development and functions of the human central nervous system (CNS). While hiPSC-derived 3D CNS organoids hold promise in providing a human-specific platform for studying CNS development and diseases, most of them do not incorporate the full range of implicated cell types, including vascular cell components and microglia, limiting their ability to accurately recreate the CNS environment and their utility in the study of certain aspects of the disease. Here we have developed a novel approach, called vascularized brain assembloids, for constructing hiPSC-derived 3D CNS structures with a higher level of cellular complexity. This is achieved by integrating forebrain organoids with common myeloid progenitors and phenotypically stabilized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (VeraVecs), which can be cultured and expanded in serum-free conditions. Compared with organoids, these assembloids exhibited enhanced neuroepithelial proliferation, advanced astrocytic maturation, and increased synapse numbers. Strikingly, the assembloids derived from hiPSCs harboring the tauP301S mutation exhibited increased levels of total tau and phosphorylated tau, along with a higher proportion of rod-like microglia-like cells and enhanced astrocytic activation, when compared to the assembloids derived from isogenic hiPSCs. Additionally, the tauP301S assembloids showed an altered profile of neuroinflammatory cytokines. This innovative assembloid technology serves as a compelling proof-of-concept model, opening new avenues for unraveling the intricate complexities of the human brain and accelerating progress in the development of effective treatments for neurological disorders.
Dispensing Methadone at Hospital Discharge: One Hospital's Approach to Implementing the “72-hour Rule” Change
Authors: Skogrand Emily , Sharpe Jackie , Englander Honora 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Methadone for opioid use disorder treatment in ambulatory settings is restricted to federally licensed opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in the United States. However, these restrictions do not apply during hospitalization. A recent change to the rule governing methadone in non-OTP settings created an opportunity to dispense methadone at hospital discharge for up to 72 hours.

Methods
Here, we describe one hospital's approach to dispensing methadone at discharge in alignment with the “72-hour rule,” including implementation challenges and considerations for other hospitals planning on adopting this practice. Implementation included creating a workflow and detailed documents outlining dispensing procedure, educating interprofessional staff, and coordinating with local OTPs.

Results
Our experiences highlight the importance of pharmacy champions to support implementation and interdisciplinary staff education, the need to consider electronic health record capabilities, and the importance of having policies and practices that support appropriate interpretation of the “72-hour rule” renewal timeline.

Conclusions
Exceptions to federal regulations allow greater flexibility in discharge planning for patients with opioid use disorder; however, dispensation workflow falls outside standard hospital care and may be challenging to implement.
Evaluating the Interaction between Pain Intensity and Resilience on the Impact of Pain in the Lives of People with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Teixeira Livia Agostinho , de Oliveira Vidal Edison Iglesias , Blake Holly , de Barros Guilherme Antonio Moreira , Fukushima Fernanda Bono 
Published: November 2023

Objective:Recent theoretical models posit that resilience acts as a resource/mechanism opposing pain catastrophizing and other vulnerability sources against pain adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience, pain and functionality in people living with fibromyalgia.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of people participating in Brazilian fibromyalgia virtual support groups on Facebook in May 2018. Resilience was evaluated by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Average pain and the degree of interference of pain in the lives of participants (DIPLP) were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory. The association between these three variables was evaluated through multivariable robust linear regression with adjustment for 21 potential confounders.Results:We included 2176 participants with fibromyalgia. Resilience was associated with a decreased DIPLP (β: -0.38, 95%CI: -0.54 to -0.22,P<0.001) but not with average pain scores (β: -0.01, 95%CI: -0.18 to 0.16,P=0.93). A significant interaction between resilience and average levels of pain on the DIPLP was observed so that resilience showed a much stronger protective association among participants with average null-to-mild pain than among those with moderate and severe pain levels.Discussion:Our results provide evidence against beliefs that the pain of people with fibromyalgia is related to low psychological resilience and shed light on the complex interrelationships between resilience, pain, and functionality. This research signals both the relevance and limits of resilience in the management of fibromyalgia. Future studies evaluating behavioral interventions for fibromyalgia should consider how those interventions interact with baseline pain levels and resilience.
Development of a radiomics model to discriminate ammonium urate stones from uric acid stones in vivo: A remedy for the diagnostic pitfall of dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Zheng Junjiong , Zhang Jie , Cai Jinhua , Yao Yuhui , Lu Sihong , Wu Zhuo , Cai Zhaoxi , Tuerxun Aierken , Batur Jesur , Huang Jian , Kong Jianqiu , Lin Tianxin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is purported to accurately distinguish uric acid stones from non-uric acid stones. However, whether DECT can accurately discriminate ammonium urate stones from uric acid stones remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether they can be accurately identified by DECT and to develop a radiomics model to assist in distinguishing them.

Methods:
This research included two steps. For the first purpose to evaluate the accuracy of DECT in the diagnosis of uric acid stones, 178 urolithiasis patients who underwent preoperative DECT between September 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled. For model construction, 93, 40, and 109 eligible urolithiasis patients treated between February 2013 and October 2022 were assigned to the training, internal validation, and external validation sets, respectively. Radiomics features were extracted from non-contrast CT images, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to develop a radiomics signature. Then, a radiomics model incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical predictors was constructed. The performance of the model (discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness) was evaluated.

Results:
When patients with ammonium urate stones were included in the analysis, the accuracy of DECT in the diagnosis of uric acid stones was significantly decreased. Sixty-two percent of ammonium urate stones were mistakenly diagnosed as uric acid stones by DECT. A radiomics model incorporating the radiomics signature, urine pH value, and urine white blood cell count was constructed. The model achieved good calibration and discrimination {area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC; 95% confidence interval [CI]), 0.944 (0.899–0.989)}, which was internally and externally validated with AUCs of 0.895 (95% CI, 0.796–0.995) and 0.870 (95% CI, 0.769–0.972), respectively. Decision curve analysis revealed the clinical usefulness of the model.

Conclusions:
DECT cannot accurately differentiate ammonium urate stones from uric acid stones. Our proposed radiomics model can serve as a complementary diagnostic tool for distinguishing them in vivo.
A Preliminary Validation of an Optimal Cutpoint in Total Number of Patient-Reported Symptoms in Head and Neck Cancer for Effective Alignment of Clinical Resources With Patients’ Symptom Burden
Authors: Van Cleave Janet H. , Concert Catherine , Kamberi Maria , Zahriah Elise , Most Allison , Mojica Jacqueline , Riccobene Ann , Russo Nora , Liang Eva , Hu Kenneth S. , Jacobson Adam S. , Li Zujun , Moses Lindsey E. , Persky Michael J. , Persky Mark S. , Tran Theresa , Brody Abraham A. , Kim Arum , Egleston Brian L. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) often experience high symptom burden leading to lower quality of life (QoL).

Objective:
This study aims to conceptually model optimal cutpoint by examining where the total number of patient-reported symptoms exceeds patients’ coping capacity, leading to a decline in QoL in patients with HNC.

Methods:
Secondary data analysis of 105 individuals with HNC enrolled in a clinical usefulness study of the NYU Electronic Patient Visit Assessment (ePVA), a digital patient-reported symptom measure. Patients completed ePVA and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 v3.0. The total number of patient-reported symptoms was the sum of symptoms as identified by the ePVA questionnaire. Analysis of variance was used to define the optimal cutpoint.

Results:
Study participants had a mean age of 61.5, were primarily male (67.6%), and had stage IV HNC (53.3%). The cutpoint of 10 symptoms was associated with a significant decline of QoL (F = 44.8, P < .0001), dividing the population into categories of low symptom burden (<10 symptoms) and high symptom burden (≥10 symptoms). Analyses of EORTC function subscales supported the validity of 10 symptoms as the optimal cutpoint (physical: F = 28.3, P < .0001; role: F = 21.6, P < .0001; emotional: F = 9.5, P = .003; social: F = 33.1, P < .0001).

Conclusions:
In HNC, defining optimal cutpoints in the total number of patient-reported symptoms is feasible.

Implications for Practice:
Cutpoints in the total number of patient-reported symptoms may identify patients experiencing a high symptom burden from HNC.

What is Foundational:
Using optimal cutpoints of the total number of patient-reported symptoms may help effectively align clinical resources with patients’ symptom burden.
A novel score of IL-13 and age predicts 90-day mortality in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis: A multicenter plasma biomarker analysis
Authors: Tornai David , Mitchell Mack , McClain Craig J. , Dasarathy Srinivasan , McCullough Arthur , Radaeva Svetlana , Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee , Lee JungAe , Barton Bruce , Szabo Gyongyi 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) has a high short-term mortality rate. The MELD assesses disease severity and mortality; however, it is not specific for AH. We screened plasma samples from patients with severe AH for biomarkers of multiple pathological processes and identified predictors of short-term mortality.

Methods:
Plasma was collected at baseline from 85 patients with severe AH (MELD≥20, Maddrey’s discriminant function≥32) enrolled in the Defeat Alcoholic Steatohepatitis clinical trial (investigating IL-1 receptor antagonist+pentoxifylline+zinc vs. methylprednisolone+placebo). Samples were analyzed for 43 biomarkers and the markers’ association with 28- and 90-day mortalities was assessed.

Results:
Thirty-one (36.5%) patients died during the 90-day follow-up with similar ratios in the treatment groups. Eight biomarkers showed an association with mortality. IL-6, IL-22, interferon-α2, soluble TNF receptor 1, lipocalin-2, and α-fetoprotein levels were associated with 28-day mortality, while IL-6, IL-13, and endotoxin levels with 90-day mortality. In multivariable Cox regression, encephalopathy, lipocalin-2, and α-fetoprotein levels were independent predictors of 28-day mortality, and IL-6, IL-13, international normalized ratio levels, and age were independent predictors of 90-day mortality. The combination of IL-13 and age had superior performance in predicting 90-day mortality compared with MELD in the total cohort and the individual treatment groups.

Conclusions:
We identified predictors of short-term mortality in a cohort exclusively involving patients with severe AH. We created a composite score of IL-13 and age that predicts 90-day mortality regardless of the treatment type with a performance superior to MELD in severe AH.
Complications of foldable intraocular lenses requiring explantation or secondary intervention: 2022 survey with update of long-term trends
Authors: Renschler Andy , Kelkar Neil , Eid Kevin , Hawn Vivian , Bundogji Nour , Werner Liliana , Mamalis Nick 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
To assess the complications that resulted in the explantation or secondary intervention with foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Setting:
University setting, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Design:
Survey study.

Methods:
For the 25th consecutive year, surgeons were surveyed regarding complications associated with foldable IOLs requiring explantation or secondary intervention over the 2022 calendar year. These forms were made available online using the ASCRS and ESCRS websites and a fax-on-demand service. Surgeons completed 1 survey for each foldable IOL requiring explantation or secondary intervention. Further analysis determined complication trends related to specific IOL styles, materials, and types over the past 16 years (2007 to 2022).

Results:
103 completed surveys were returned in 2022 contributing to a total of 1627 tabulated surveys since 2007. In the 2022 survey, dislocation/decentration continued to be the most common complication overall. Glare/optical aberrations was a common complication associated with multifocal IOLs continuing a 16-year trend. In addition, hydrophilic acrylic IOLs as well as some silicone lenses in eyes with asteroid hyalosis demonstrated calcification as the most common complication necessitating explantation.

Conclusions:
Dislocation/decentration remains the leading cause of explantation in most IOL types. Glare/optical aberrations continue to be an associated complication of multifocal IOLs suggesting this ongoing issue has yet to be resolved with this type of IOL. In addition, calcification of hydrophilic acrylic lenses and silicone lenses is a rare event but continues to occur.