bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Glucose Sensing Utilizing Complexation with Fluorescent Boronic Acid on Polycation
Authors: Kanekiyo Yasumasa , Tao Hiroaki 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
A novel sensing system for selective glucose detection has been established based on the 1:2 complex formation between glucose and fluorescent boronic acid in the presence of polycation which results in the emergence of excimer emission.
Phenol Hydroxylation Catalyzed by the Rare Earth-adulterated Copper-containing Hydrotalcites
Authors: Chen Chunxia , Xu Chenghua , Feng Liangrong , Suo Jishuan , Qiu Fali 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Owing to the fact that the presence of the Cu+ species in La–Cu–HTLcs/H2O2 system is detected by the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), the generation of HO• radicals is deduced to be carried out by the reaction of HO–Cu+–OH species with H2O2.
Synthesis and Properties of Nb-containing Mesoporous Materials with Bimodal Pores Using TEOS and Layered Perovskite K2NbO3F
Authors: Ogasawara Masataka , Kato Sumio , Tsukidate Hiroshi , Akaogi Takahiro , Moriya Yoshio , Nakata Shinichi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
We synthesized Si–Nb-mesoporous materials using TEOS, layered perovskite K2NbO3F, and HDTMACl as starting materials. TEM-EDX and IR spectra measurements indicated that niobium was introduced in the silica framework, forming Si–O–Nb bond. Mesopores due to the templating effect of HDTMA formed in the nanoparticle, thus producing a bimodal mesoporous material.
Lead Halide-based Layered Perovskites Incorporated with a p-Terphenyl Laser Dye
Authors: Sakai Ken-ichi , Sonoyama Takuya , Tsuzuki Takeo , Ichikawa Musubu , Taniguchi Yoshio 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
An attempt to incorporate a representative laser dye, p-terphenyl, into the layered organic–inorganic perovskite structure was made. From PbX2 (X = Cl, Br) and the corresponding 4,4″-bis(2-aminoethyl)-p-terphenyl (AETP) hydrogen halide salt (AETP-2HX), two kinds of AETP-PbX4 crystals were prepared, and their structural and optical properties were investigated. Emission color of the crystals was fluorescent blue for X = Cl, while phosphorescent orange for X = Br, suggesting different emission processes dependent on the different energy levels of PbX4 perovskite layers.
Raphide Crystal Structure in Agave Tequilana Determined by X-ray Originating from Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Tadokoro Makoto , Ozawa Yoshiki , Mitsumi Minoru , Toriumi Kohshiro , Ogura Tetsuya 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The first single crystal structure of small natural raphides in an agave plant is completely determined using an intense X-ray originating from a synchrotron radiation. The SEM image shows that the tip of the crystal is approximately hundreds of nanometer in width sharply grow to stick to the tissue of herbivorous vermin. Furthermore, the crystal develops cracks that propagate at an inclination of approximately 45° towards the direction of crystal growth such that the crystal easily splits into small pieces in the tissue.
Robust Optimization of Integrated Aircraft-Propulsion System Control to Meet Takeoff Noise Requirements of Supersonic Business Jet
Authors: Ilyin Andrey V. , Chaika Taras Yu. , Mirzoyan Artur A. , Egorov Igor N. , Kretinin Gennady V. 
Published: January 2005

The integrated aircraft-propulsion system control is considered from the point of view of the probability of meeting stringent market takeoff noise requirements to supersonic business jet (SSBJ). The probability of meeting requirements to the SSBJ cumulative noise level was considered, by taking into account the accuracy of SSBJ noise prediction models and real-life accuracy of optimal control realization. The robust optimization of integrated aircraft-propulsion system control was used to achieve maximum probability of meeting SSBJ takeoff noise requirements. For robust optimization the IOSO technology (new generation multidimensional nonlinear optimization technology) was used. The results of this paper show the Pareto set probability statement, which allows us to find the set of compromise control laws for different levels of preset probabilities. The paper presents the comparison of conventional deterministic and stochastic approaches to assess maximum probability of meeting of market noise requirements. The proposed stochastic approach to noise reduction allows us to considerably decrease the risk level in meeting future stringent noise requirements.
Attitudes to Conscious Sedation in Patients Attending an Emergency Dental Clinic
Authors: Allen Edith M , Girdler Nick M 
Published: January 2005

Introduction Anxiety and fear in relation to dentistry are long-standing problems and the incidence of dental fear does not appear to be decreasing. It can result in poor dental health and wastage of clinical time. Conscious sedation is one method of allaying anxiety in dental patients and enables such patients to accept dental treatment. Aims, Materials and Methods A questionnaire survey was undertaken among patients attending an emergency dental clinic. Its aims were to assess the levels of dental anxiety in these subjects, the impact on their attendance for dental treatment, and their knowledge of and desire to have conscious sedation, should it be available. Results The results indicated that in the 72 patients who responded, levels of anxiety regarding dental treatment were high, with 49 (68%) claiming some nervousness or worse. Thirty-one (43%) cited fear/nervousness as a reason for delaying making a dental appointment. Twenty-seven (38%) were not aware of the existence of conscious sedation for dental treatment, of whom half reported that they were in the highly anxious group. Forty (56%) respondents said they would like to have sedation if it were available. Twenty-five (35%) claimed to have received sedation for dental treatment in the past. Conclusion It was concluded that the availability of dental sedation was currently not matching the needs and demands of several patients who took part in the survey. Increased availability of dental sedation could remove a barrier to dental care for many highly anxious dental patients.
A Comparison of Attitudes and Practices of Gutka Users and Non-users in Chitrakoot, India. A Pilot
Authors: Anwar Shahid , Williams Sonia A , Scott-Smith Jennifer , Sage Helen , Baweja Sohrab , Singal Manu , Sharma Naresh K 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives As part of a student elective, this pilot study aimed at investigating attitudes and practices concerning gutka use in a town in India. It was hoped that information gained would assist in formulating an appropriate health education programme to encourage gutka cessation locally and would provide more information about a habit which is also relevant to some UK South Asian populations. Design and setting 124 consecutively attending subjects (103 males and 21 females) at a charity-run dental clinic in Chitrakoot, India, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Main findings 57 (46%) of the respondents, of whom there were more males than females (103 v. 21), reported current gutka use. There were no differences between users and non-users by age or educational attainment. Users found gutka ‘helpful’ in relieving tension, aiding concentration, combating bad breath and as a leisure activity. They all cited other family members who were using gutka as compared to only 40% of the gutka non-users. Cancer was mentioned as a harmful outcome of gutka use more frequently by non-users. Of the 57 gutka chewers, 36 also chewed paan with tobacco and 20 smoked cigarettes. Conclusions Gutka chewing involved almost half of the study population and proportionately more males than females. The habit was endemic within families. Many gutka chewers also smoked, chewed paan or drank alcohol, representing a high-risk behaviour for oral cancer. Proportionately more non-chewers were aware of the link with cancer. There are clear implications for health promotion in India. General dental practitioners in the UK should also be aware of the possibility that this habit is becoming more widely adopted in South Asian communities here, involving young children as well as adults. Research into gutka use is also required in the UK.
An Analysis of Genetic Diversity Across the Maize Genome Using Microsatellites
Authors: Vigouroux Yves , Mitchell Sharon , Matsuoka Yoshihiro , Hamblin Martha , Kresovich Stephen , Smith J Stephen C , Jaqueth Jennifer , Smith Oscar S , Doebley John 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
How domestication bottlenecks and artificial selection shaped the amount and distribution of genetic variation in the genomes of modern crops is poorly understood. We analyzed diversity at 462 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites spread throughout the maize genome and compared the diversity observed at these SSRs in maize to that observed in its wild progenitor, teosinte. The results reveal a modest genome-wide deficit of diversity in maize relative to teosinte. The relative deficit of diversity is less for SSRs with dinucleotide repeat motifs than for SSRs with repeat motifs of more than two nucleotides, suggesting that the former with their higher mutation rate have partially recovered from the domestication bottleneck. We analyzed the relationship between SSR diversity and proximity to QTL for domestication traits and observed no relationship between these factors. However, we did observe a weak, although significant, spatial correlation for diversity statistics among SSRs within 2 cM of one another, suggesting that SSR diversity is weakly patterned across the genome. Twenty-four of 462 SSRs (5%) show some evidence of positive selection in maize under multiple tests. Overall, the pattern of genetic diversity at maize SSRs can be explained largely by a bottleneck effect with a smaller effect from selection.
Rapid Concerted Evolution of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA in Two Tragopogon Allopolyploids of Recent and Recurrent OriginSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY458586, AY458588, AY458589, and AY458587
Authors: Kovarik A , Pires J C , Leitch A R , Lim K Y , Sherwood A M , Matyasek R , Rocca J , Soltis D E , Soltis P S 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
We investigated concerted evolution of rRNA genes in multiple populations of Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus, two allotetraploids that formed recurrently within the last 80 years following the introduction of three diploids (T. dubius, T. pratensis, and T. porrifolius) from Europe to North America. Using the earliest herbarium specimens of the allotetraploids (1949 and 1953) to represent the genomic condition near the time of polyploidization, we found that the parental rDNA repeats were inherited in roughly equal numbers. In contrast, in most present-day populations of both tetraploids, the rDNA of T. dubius origin is reduced and may occupy as little as 5% of total rDNA in some individuals. However, in two populations of T. mirus the repeats of T. dubius origin outnumber the repeats of the second diploid parent (T. porrifolius), indicating bidirectional concerted evolution within a single species. In plants of T. miscellus having a low rDNA contribution from T. dubius, the rDNA of T. dubius was nonetheless expressed. We have apparently caught homogenization of rDNA repeats (concerted evolution) in the act, although it has not proceeded to completion in any allopolyploid population yet examined.
Chromosome Loss Followed by Duplication Is the Major Mechanism of Spontaneous Mating-Type Locus Homozygosis in Candida albicans
Authors: Wu Wei , Pujol Claude , Lockhart Shawn R , Soll David R 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Candida albicans, which is diploid, possesses a single mating-type (MTL) locus on chromosome 5, which is normally heterozygous (a/α). To mate, C. albicans must undergo MTL homozygosis to a/a or α/α. Three possible mechanisms may be used in this process, mitotic recombination, gene conversion, or loss of one chromosome 5 homolog, followed by duplication of the retained homolog. To distinguish among these mechanisms, 16 spontaneous a/a and α/α derivatives were cloned from four natural a/α strains, P37037, P37039, P75063, and P34048, grown on nutrient agar. Eighteen polymorphic (heterozygous) markers were identified on chromosome 5, 6 to the left and 12 to the right of the MTL locus. These markers were then analyzed in MTL-homozygous derivatives of the four natural a/α strains to distinguish among the three mechanisms of homozygosis. An analysis of polymorphisms on chromosomes 1, 2, and R excluded meiosis as a mechanism of MTL homozygosis. The results demonstrate that while mitotic recombination was the mechanism for homozygosis in one offspring, loss of one chromosome 5 homolog followed by duplication of the retained homolog was the mechanism in the remaining 15 offspring, indicating that the latter mechanism is the most common in the spontaneous generation of MTL homozygotes in natural strains of C. albicans in culture.
Quantitative Genetics of Vector Competence for La Crosse Virus and Body Size in Ochlerotatus hendersoni and Ochlerotatus triseriatus Interspecific Hybrids
Authors: Anderson Justin R , Schneider Jennifer R , Grimstad Paul R , Severson David W 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
La Crosse virus is a leading cause of pediatric encephalitis in the United States. The mosquito Ochlerotatus triseriatus is an efficient vector for La Crosse virus, whereas the closely related O. hendersoni transmits only at very low rates. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting the ability to orally transmit this virus and adult body size were identified in 164 F2 female individuals from interspecific crosses of O. hendersoni females and O. triseriatus males using a combination of composite interval mapping (CIM), interval mapping (IM) for binary traits, and single-marker mapping. For oral transmission (OT), no genome locations exceeded the 95% experimentwise threshold for declaring a QTL using IM, but single-marker analysis identified four independent regions significantly associated with OT that we considered as tentative QTL. With two QTL, an increase in OT was associated with alleles from the refractory vector, O. hendersoni, and likely reflect epistatic interactions between genes that were uncovered by our interspecific crosses. For body size, two QTL were identified using CIM and a third tentative QTL was identified using single-marker analysis. The genome regions associated with body size also contain three QTL controlling OT, suggesting that these regions contain either single genes with pleiotropic effects or multiple linked genes independently determining each trait.
Linkage Disequilibrium and Recent Selection at Three Immunity Receptor Loci in Drosophila simulansSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY864355, AY864606 and AY870440, AY870441, AY870442, AY870443, AY870444, AY870445, AY870446, AY870447.
Authors: Schlenke Todd A , Begun David J 
Published: January 2005

AbstractImmune system genes in a California population sample of Drosophila simulans were shown to bear several hallmarks of the effects of past directional selection. One potential effect of directional selection is an increase in linkage disequilibrium among the polymorphic sites that are linked to the site under selection. In this study, we focus on three D. simulans immunity loci, Hmu, Sr-CI/Sr-CIII, and Tehao, for which the polymorphic sites are in nearly perfect linkage disequilibrium, an unusual finding even with respect to other immunity genes sampled from the same lines. The most likely explanation for this finding is that, at each locus, two divergent alleles have been selected to intermediate frequencies in the recent past. The extent to which the linkage disequilibrium extends to the flanks of each of the immunity genes is minimal, suggesting that the favored mutations actually occurred within the immunity genes themselves. Furthermore, the excess linkage disequilibrium found in the California population is not found in an African D. simulans population sample and may be a result of novel pathogen-mediated selection pressures encountered during establishment of non-African populations.
Meiosis-Specific Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae S-Phase Cyclin CLB5 Is Dependent on MluI Cell Cycle Box (MCB) Elements in Its Promoter but Is Independent of MCB-Binding Factor Activity
Authors: Raithatha Sheetal A , Stuart David T 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In proliferating S. cerevisiae, genes whose products function in DNA replication are regulated by the MBF transcription factor composed of Mbp1 and Swi6 that binds to consensus MCB sequences in target promoters. We find that during meiotic development a subset of DNA replication genes exemplified by TMP1 and RNR1 are regulated by Mbp1. Deletion of Mbp1 deregulated TMP1 and RNR1 but did not interfere with premeiotic S-phase, meiotic recombination, or spore formation. Surprisingly, deletion of MBP1 had no effect on the expression of CLB5, which is purportedly controlled by MBF. Extensive analysis of the CLB5 promoter revealed that the gene is largely regulated by elements within a 100-bp fragment containing a cluster of MCB sequences. Surprisingly, induction of the CLB5 promoter requires MCB sequences, but not Mbp1, implying that another MCB-binding factor may exist in cells undergoing meiosis. In addition, full activation of CLB5 during meiosis requires Clb5 activity, suggesting that CLB5 may be regulated by a positive feedback mechanism. We further demonstrate that during meiosis MCBs function as effective transcriptional activators independent of MBP1.
Rapid Subfunctionalization Accompanied by Prolonged and Substantial Neofunctionalization in Duplicate Gene Evolution
Authors: He Xionglei , Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Gene duplication is the primary source of new genes. Duplicate genes that are stably preserved in genomes usually have divergent functions. The general rules governing the functional divergence, however, are not well understood and are controversial. The neofunctionalization (NF) hypothesis asserts that after duplication one daughter gene retains the ancestral function while the other acquires new functions. In contrast, the subfunctionalization (SF) hypothesis argues that duplicate genes experience degenerate mutations that reduce their joint levels and patterns of activity to that of the single ancestral gene. We here show that neither NF nor SF alone adequately explains the genome-wide patterns of yeast protein interaction and human gene expression for duplicate genes. Instead, our analysis reveals rapid SF, accompanied by prolonged and substantial NF in a large proportion of duplicate genes, suggesting a new model termed subneofunctionalization (SNF). Our results demonstrate that enormous numbers of new functions have originated via gene duplication.
Wind profile detection of atmospheric radar signals using wavelets and harmonic decomposition techniques
Authors: Varadarajan S. , Reddy K. Jithendra , Reddy G. Ramachandra 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA simple and successful design of algorithms using parametric and non‐parametric techniques for spectral cleaning and estimation of the atmospheric radar signal is presented. With these algorithms, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the radar returns could be improved and the Doppler frequency could be predicted even at greater heights and under severe weather conditions. The predicted results are compared with the conventional techniques and good improvement is reported. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparison of dexamethasone pharmacokinetics in female rats after intravenous and intramuscular administration
Authors: Samtani Mahesh N. , Jusko William J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study seeks a route of drug administration that would produce a pharmacokinetic profile for dexamethasone not significantly different from the intravenous route in female rats and would offer reproducible drug input with minimal stress to the animals. The intramuscular (IM) route of drug administration vs intravenous (IV) injection were compared in three female Wistar rats administered 1 mg/kg dexamethasone phosphate. Dexamethasone plasma concentrations were measured by a normal phase HPLC assay for 12 h after drug administration. Dexamethasone exhibited monoexponential behavior after intravenous dosing and was absorbed rapidly after intramuscular dosing (absorption half‐life of 14 min) with 86% bioavailability. Dexamethasone had a terminal half‐life of 2.3 h after drug administration by either route. The volume of distribution of 0.78 l/kg and the clearance of 0.23 l/h/kg are in good agreement with reported pharmacokinetic parameters in male rats. Intravenous dosing can be replaced by intramuscular dosing without causing any marked difference in dexamethasone pharmacokinetics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Ligand for the Formation of Triangular Building Blocks in Supramolecular Chemistry (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2/2005)
Authors: Müller Iris M. , Möller Daniela 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the pH dependency of the geometry of the tris(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)triaminoguanidinium cation [H6Br3L]+. In the solid state, a conformation which is less favourable for the coordination of metal centres is predominant. In the presence of a basic metal salt, a partial change in the conformation can be observed, whereas in the presence of base even in the absence of metal ions, a complete conformation change takes place. In this way, the reaction of [H6Br3L]+ with metal salts can be easily controlled. The formation of an [M3Br3L](3n−5)+ species as a triangular building block for use in supramolecular chemistry is also described in the article by I. M. Müller and D. Möller on p. 257 ff.
An investigation of tuned liquid dampers equipped with damping screens under 2D excitation
Authors: Tait M. J. , El Damatty A. A. , Isyumov N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper reports on the results of a study conducted on tanks partially filled with water, representing tuned liquid dampers (TLD), subjected to both 1D and 2D horizontal excitations. The sloshing response of the water in the tank is characterized by the free surface motion, the resulting base shear force, and evaluation of the energy dissipated by the sloshing water. A 1D non‐linear flow model capable of simulating a TLD equipped with damping screens is employed to model a 2D TLD. Application of this particular model requires the assumption that the response is decoupled and can be treated as the summation of two independent 1D TLDs. Results from the non‐linear flow model are compared with the 2D experimental shake table test results leading to a validation of the decoupled response assumption. This attractive decoupled response property allows square and rectangular tanks to be used as 2D TLDs, which can simultaneously reduce the dynamic response of a structure in two perpendicular modes of vibration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.