bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of In Situ Proliferative Activity in Oral Gingival Epithelium in Patients With Xerostomia
Authors: Çelenligil‐Nazlıel Haviye , Palalı Ali , Ayhan Ayşe , Ruacan Şevket 
Published: February 2005

Background: Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The relationship between xero‐stomia and proliferative activity in human gingival epithelium is not known. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein associated with the cell cycle. Nuclear PCNA immunoreactivity is found in the proliferative compartment of normal tissues. The aims of this study were to evaluate PCNA expression in oral gingival epithelium of healthy and inflamed gingiva obtained from patients with Sjögren's syndrome, and to compare the results to age‐ and gender‐matched subjects with normal salivary function.Methods: Eighteen Sjögren's syndrome patients and 28 controls (14 with chronic periodontitis and 14 with no clinical evidence of periodontal disease) were included in the study. Biopsies were obtained from both inflamed and healthy gingiva. The expression of PCNA was evaluated in formalin‐fixed, paraffinembedded gingival samples using an immunoperoxidase technique and PC10 monoclonal antibody to PCNA.Results: PCNA expression was observed both in the basal and suprabasal layers, and was found to be more prominent in the suprabasal layers. Proliferative index (PI) in inflamed gingiva was significantly lower in the Sjögren's syndrome group. However, no significant difference was observed between the study and control groups with respect to PI in healthy gingiva. In both groups, PI was found to be increased due to inflammation.Conclusions: Our data indicate that proliferative activity is observed in the suprabasal layers and, less frequently, in the basal layer. Inflammation caused increased proliferative activity. However, this positive effect of inflammation on epithelial cell proliferation decreased significantly with a lack of saliva. Therefore, it appears that saliva‐derived biological mediators may also contribute to increased proliferative activity observed during inflammation. J Periodontol 2003;74:247‐254.
Periodontal Treatment with an Er:YAG Laser or Scaling and Root Planing. A 2‐Year Follow‐Up Split‐Mouth Study
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Sculean Anton , Berakdar Mohammad , Georg Thomas , Reich Elmar , Becker Jürgen 
Published: February 2005

Background: Non‐surgical periodontal treatment with an Er:YAG laser has been shown to result in significant clinical attachment level gain; however, clinical results have not been established on a long‐term basis following Er:YAG laser treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present the 2‐year results following non‐surgical periodontal treatment with an Er:YAG laser or scaling and root planing.Methods: Twenty patients with moderate to advanced periodontal destruction were treated under local anesthesia, and the quadrants were randomly allocated in a split‐mouth design to either 1) Er:YAG laser (ERL) using an energy level of 160 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz, or 2) scaling and root planing (SRP) using hand instruments. The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after treatment: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival plaque samples were taken at each appointment and analyzed using dark‐field microscopy for the presence of cocci, non‐motile rods, motile rods, and spirochetes. The primary outcome variable was CAL. No statistically significant differences between the groups were found at baseline. Power analysis to determine superiority of ERL treatment showed that the available sample size would yield 99% power to detect a 1 mm difference.Results: The sites treated with ERL demonstrated mean CAL change from 6.3 ± 1.1 mm to 4.5 ± 0.4 mm (P<0.001) and to 4.9 ± 0.4 mm (P <0.001) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the CAL mean at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The sites treated with SRP showed a mean CAL change from 6.5 ± 1.0 mm to 5.6 ± 0.4 mm (P <0.001) and to 5.8 ± 0.4 mm (P <0.001) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The CAL change between 1 and 2 years did not present statistically significant differences. Both groups showed a significant increase of cocci and non‐motile rods and a decrease in the amount of spirochetes. However, at the 1‐ and 2‐year examination, the statistical analysis showed a significant difference for the CAL (P <0.001, respectively) between the 2 treatment groups.Conclusion: It was concluded that the CAL gain obtained following nonsurgical periodontal treatment with ERL or SRP can be maintained over 2‐year period. J Periodontol 2003;74:590‐596.
Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 in Dehiscence Defects with Non‐Submerged Immediate Implants: An Experimental Study in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Hanisch Oliver , Sorensen Rachel G. , Kinoshita Atsuhiro , Spiekermann Hubertus , Wozney John M. , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Alveolar ridge aberrations commonly compromise optimal dental implant installation. To offset any variance between an aberrant alveolar ridge and prosthetic designs, bone augmentation procedures become necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone formation and osseointegration at alveolar dehiscence defects following augmentation of the defect site with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (ACS) at dental implant installation including transmucosal positioning of the dental implant.Methods: Four adult male Cynomolgus monkeys received dental implants in contralateral extraction socket sites with surgically created 6 × 4 mm buccal dehiscence defects following elevation of mucoperiosteal flaps. Contralateral sites received rhBMP‐2/ACS (rhBMP‐2 at 1.5 mg/ml; 0.1 mg/defect) or served as shamsurgery controls. The flaps were adapted and sutured around the healing abutments leaving the implants in a transmucosal position. The animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks postsurgery and block sections of the implant sites were harvested and prepared for histometric analysis.Results: One dental implant from each treatment group failed to osseointegrate. Another 3 dental implants (sham‐surgery controls) failed to osseointegrate with newly‐formed bone in the defect area. Thus, 7 of 8 defect sites (4/4 animals) receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS compared to 4 of 8 sites (2/4 animals) receiving shamsurgery exhibited evidence of osseointegration with newly formed bone in the defect area. Mean ± SD defect height amounted to 5.3 ± 0.2 and 5.4 ± 0.1 mm for the rhBMP‐2/ACS and sham‐surgery sites, respectively. Vertical bone gain in rhBMP‐2/ACS treated defects (3.9 ± 0.3 mm) did not differ significantly from that in the sham‐surgery control (3.7 ± 0.4 mm; P >0.05; paired t‐test, N = 4). There were also no significant differences noted for coronal bone‐implant contact (3.0 ± 0.6 versus 3.6 ± 0.5 mm), and bone‐implant contact within the defect site (28.5% ± 15.1% versus 27.4% ± 31.7%) and within resident bone (46.9% ± 26.8% versus 47.8% ± 39.4%) for the rhBMP‐2/ACS and control sites, respectively.Conclusions: The observations in this study point to a substantial native osteogenic potential of the alveolar process that has previously not been explored and show that surgical reentry observations of new bone formation may not necessarily indicate that osseointegration has occurred. Bone formation in control defects was substantially greater than predicted, limiting the value of adding an osteoinductive biologic construct. J Periodontol 2003;74:648‐657.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Vasculature and Fibronectin Localization in Gingival Connective Tissue of Smokers and Non‐Smokers
Authors: Sönmez Şule , Canda Tülay , Özkara Esra , Ak Dilek 
Published: February 2005

Background: It has been shown that tobacco is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. The reason for decreased gingival bleeding in smokers is not known. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the localization of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix of the inflamed gingiva of smokers and non‐smokers and to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on the gingival microvessel number (NVES) and vascular surface density (VSD).Methods: Seventy‐four (74) adult patients with periodontitis were included in this investigation. Of these patients, 38 were smokers and 36 were non‐smokers. Probing depths (PD), papillary bleeding index (PBI) of both groups, and the smoking habits of the smokers were recorded. Biopsy specimens obtained during periodontal surgery were prepared to evaluate fibronectin distribution and to quantitate the vasculature.Results: The mean VSD values of smokers and non‐smokers were 6.721 ± 1.845 and 5.721 ± 3.118 (mean ± SD), and the mean NVES of smokers and non‐smokers was 31.582 ± 11.810 and 30.145 ± 15.442, respectively. The difference between the mean PD and PBI values of the 2 groups was not statistically significant. The location of the biopsy specimen, whether in the anterior or posterior area of the mouth, did not lead to any statistically significant differences between the groups. In addition, the number of years smoked and the tobacco brand used did not result in statistically significant differences. The most intense staining of fibronectin was observed beneath the epithelium around the blood vessels of the uppermost region of the connective tissue, showing a fibrillar and diffuse distribution; however, there was no significant difference between smokers and non‐smokers.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that smoking does not affect the vascular surface density, number of vessels per mm2 stroma, or fibronectin distribution in subepithelial gingival connective tissue. J Periodontol 2003;74:822‐830.
Species‐Specific DNA Probe for the Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis from Adult Chinese Periodontal Patients and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Luchuan‐Liu  , Xiujie‐Wen  , Huixia‐He  , Junnan‐Shi  , Changhua‐Ji  
Published: February 2005

Background: It has been reported that Porphyromonas gingivalis is closely associated with chronic periodontitis and its detection has been recommended as a routine marker for periodontal diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a DNA probe to detect P. gingivalis in adult Chinese periodontitis patients as well as to find a rapid and convenient method to detect P. gingivalis in clinical practice.Methods: A total of 26 bacterial strains (20 reference strains and 6 clinical isolates) were collected, of which 5 were P. gingivalis and 21 were heterologous species. A DNA fragment of 542 bp, which encodes the fimbriae subunit protein (fimA) of P. gingivalis, was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and molecular cloning techniques and used to construct the DNA probe, labeled with 32P or with digoxigenin. The constructed DNA probe was used to detect P. gingivalis in specimens collected from the periodontal pockets of 100 patients clinically confirmed with chronic periodontitis. One hundred periodontally healthy persons served as a control group.Results: Positive reactions were seen in all 5 strains of P. gingivalis while no visible reaction was found in other species. The DNA probe was capable of detecting as few as 100 P. gingivalis cells in samples. A significant difference in the positive rates of P. gingivalis between the periodontitis patients and the control group was found (P <0.01). In addition, the amount of detected P. gingivalis was positively correlated with the extent of tooth mobility, depth of periodontal pockets, and patient age (P <0.01).Conclusion: The DNA probe is specific and sensitive for the detection of P. gingivalis in chronic periodontitis specimens and may be a suitable method for the clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2003;74:1000‐1006.
Periodontal Repair in Dogs: A Bioabsorbable Calcium Carbonate Coral Implant Enhances Space Provision for Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Conjunction with Guided Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Lim Won Hee , Razi Saghi S. , Sigurdsson Thorarinn J. , Lee Michael B. , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Hardwick W. Ross 
Published: February 2005

Background: collapse or compression of a barrier device into a periodontal defect or onto the root surface compromises outcomes following guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Bone biomaterials have been suggested to support regeneration of alveolar bone and to improve space provision with GTR devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate space provision, alveolar bone, and cementum regeneration following use of a bioabsorbable, calcium carbonate biomaterial in conjunction with GTR.Methods: Routine, critical size, 5 to 6 mm, supraalveolar, periodontal defects were created in 5 young adult beagle dogs. Alternate jaw quadrants in consecutive animals received GTR and the coral biomaterial (cGTR) or GTR alone. The animals were euthanized 4 weeks postsurgery and tissue blocks processed for histometric analysis.Results: The coral implant particles were surrounded by newly‐formed bone or immersed in connective tissue and appeared to resorb and be replaced by bone. There was limited, if any, appreciable cementum regeneration. Space provision was enhanced in cGTR compared to GTR sites (6.1 ± 1.6 versus 2.4 ± 0.8 mm2; P <0.05). Bone regeneration (height) was significantly increased in cGTR compared to GTR sites averaging 1.9 ± 0.6 and 1.2 ± 0.6 mm, respectively (P<0.05). Bone regeneration (area) was 2‐fold greater in cGTR sites compared to the GTR control (3.3 ± 1.8 versus 1.4 ± 0.5 mm2), however the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusions: The coral implant significantly enhanced space provision for GTR while alveolar bone formation appeared to be enhanced by its use. Increased healing intervals are needed to fully understand the biologic value of the coral implant a s an adjunct to GTR. J Periodontol2003;74:957‐964.
Qualitative and Quantitative Expression of Bovine Bone Mineral in Experimental Bone Defects. Part 1: Description of a Dog Model and Histological Observations
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Givol Navot , Rohrer Michael D. , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Prasad Hari S. , Tal Haim 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the contribution of inorganic bovine bone biomaterial in a new experimental bone defect in dogs at different healing periods and to examine newly formed bone around the grafted mineral particles and their relationship in membrane‐protected (test) and non‐protected intrabony (control) defects.Methods: Four round intrabony defects, 5 × 4 mm were made bilaterally (at different times) on the lateral bony mandibular angle in eight dogs. Two defects were filled with bovine bone mineral (BBM) particles and two remained non‐grafted but were blood clotted. A collagen membrane covered each defect type (n = 4). This procedure was repeated on the contralateral side at a different given time to obtain two different healing periods in each dog. Thus, four specimens were obtained at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively for each healing period. The non‐decalcification method (Donath technique) with Stevenel's blue and van Gieson's picro fuchsin staining was used for histological examination.Results: Newly formed bone was observed at all examined defect types. The BBM particles were clearly evident regardless of the healing period. At 3 and 6 months, newly formed bone, woven in nature, was incorporated with the grafted particles. High cellular bone with occasional osteoclasts was noted towards the surface of the mineral particles. No substantial difference was observed between the protected and the non‐protected defects except for higher ossified centers around the membrane‐protected defects. At the nongrafted sites, the membrane‐protected defect showed newly formed bone near the bony walls, and particularly under the membrane, establishing a bony bridge over the defect at the healing periods. The non‐grafted unprotected defect (control) showed bone formation only at the base and close to the bony walls leaving a healed concave configuration. At 1 and 2 years, the grafted sites showed full bone healing configuration. However, the grafted particles still dominated the previous defect area and were completely surrounded by the newly formed bone. Osteons and lamellar bone arrangement were established but the bone was still highly cellular and osteoclasts could still be identified. The non‐grafted membrane‐protected sites showed excellent bone healing although areas of non‐mineralized soft tissue were often seen. The control sites healed but still presented with a concave surface configuration.Conclusions: BBM biomaterial is a highly osteoconductive material. In a 4‐wall bony defect, newly formed bone was well evident in establishing excellent bone healing configuration with or without a regenerative biological barrier. The grafted material dominated the experimental sites with no substantial resorption at any healing period up to 2 years observation. J Periodontol 2003;74:1143‐l1152.
Lifestyle and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Chronic Periodontitis in Taiwanese Adults
Authors: Teng Hsiu‐Chen , Lee Chien‐Hung , Hung Hsin‐Chia , Tsai Chi‐Cheng , Chang Yong‐Yuan , Yang Yi‐Hsin Connie , Lu Chun‐Tai , Yen Yea‐Yin , Wu Yi‐Min 
Published: February 2005

Background: The development of chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial process and variation in severity cannot be explained by just a few risk factors. The aims of this study were: 1) to explore the lifestyle and psychosocial factors of CP patients and 2) to estimate the proportion of total CP cases attributable to one or more risk factors considered.Methods: A case‐control study of 250 cases of CP patients and 250 controls were matched by age (within 3 years) and gender. Complete dental examinations were performed based on the clinical criteria for CP for both groups. Structured questionnaires were conducted to collect lifestyle and psychosocial factors. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the association between risk factors and chronic periodontitis.Results: Conditional multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that toothbrushing frequency (odds ratio [OR]: 5.77, if rarely; OR: 3.50, if once a day), mental illness (OR: 5.32, if Chinese Health Questionnaire scores were ≥6), and smoking (OR: 3.93, if pack years smoked was >21) are significantly and independently associated with chronic periodontitis. In addition, all these variables reﬂected a dose‐response effect (P trend = <0.001, 0.004, and 0.005, respectively).Conclusions: For Taiwanese adults, 36.10% of CP cases were presumably attributable to toothbrushing frequency, mental illness, and smoking. These three factors should be the first priorities in establishing a preventive program to improve the periodontal health status. J Periodontol 2003;74:1169‐1175.
Antimicrobial Periodontal Treatment Decreases Serum C‐Reactive Protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha, But Not Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Iwamoto Yoshihiro , Nishimura Fusanori , Soga Yoshihiko , Takeuchi Kazu , Kurihara Mikinao , Takashiba Shogo , Murayama Yoji 
Published: February 2005

Background: Elevated levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and decreased plasma adiponectin are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, recent observations suggested that adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) suppressed each other's production. Since periodontal disease has been suggested to act as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, we examined the effects of antimicrobial periodontal treatment on CRP, adiponectin, and TNF‐α levels.Methods: Fifteen chronic periodontitis patients with various systemic conditions at high risk for atherosclerosis were enrolled in the study. Patients were non‐surgically treated with topical application of antibiotics and mechanical debridement of calculus once a week for 1 month. Before and after therapy, CRP, adiponectin, and TNF‐α levels were measured.Results: Both CRP and TNF‐α levels were signifi‐ cantly decreased after treatment (P <0.01 and P <0.03, respectively), while adiponectin levels did not change significantly.Conclusions: Periodontal treatment is effective in reducing CRP and TNF‐α, while adiponectin does not appear to be influenced by periodontal treatment. Elevated levels of CRP and TNF‐α may be associated with increased risk for future development of atherosclerosis in periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2003; 74:1231‐1236.
Relationship Between Transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis and fimA Type in Spouses
Authors: Asano Hiroyuki , Ishihara Kazuyuki , Nakagawa Taneaki , Yamada Satoru , Okuda Katsuji 
Published: February 2005

Background:Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major microbial pathogens associated with chronic periodontitis. To eradicate such pathogens by periodontal therapy, it is essential to clarify the source of infection. Recent findings suggest that the genotype of the fimbriae is one of the important factors in infection by P. gingivalis. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the transmission of P. gingivalis between spouses and to determine the relationship between P. gingivalisfimA type and colonization.Methods: A total of 14 couples were selected to investigate the transmission of P. gingivalis and its association with the fimA types. To examine the distribution of fimA type in the general population, 32 subgingival plaque samples from 47 patients with periodontitis were also tested. The transmission of P. gingivalis strains was determined by using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). P. gingivalis strains isolated from the couples and subgingival dental plaque samples were studied for fimA classification.Methods: A total of 14 couples were selected to investigate the transmission of P. gingivalis and its association with the fimA types. To examine the distribution of fimA type in the general population, 32 subgingival plaque samples from 47 patients with periodontitis were also tested. The transmission of P. gingivalis strains was determined by using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). P. gingivalis strains isolated from the couples and subgingival dental plaque samples were studied for fimA classification.Conclusion: This study suggests that fimA type II, even though widely distributed in patients with periodontitis, may be an important factor in the transmission of P. gingivalis between spouses. J Periodontol 2003;74:1355‐1360.