bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “wild man” from the island of Soqotra: a new text in its comparative setting
Authors: Belozerova Anastasia , Kharitonova Anna , al-Da‘arhi Ahmad ‘Isa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe article presents an annotated edition of a newly recorded Soqotri text about a wild man. The authors attempt to locate the story within a wide range of “wild/feral” men narratives. The protagonist of the Soqotri story displays a set of features cross-culturally ascribed to wild men, and the narrative pattern of the account demonstrates a sequence of plot elements and motifs characteristic of this tale-type. The article includes a comparison of the Soqotri tale to the Enkidu narrative known from the Akkadian Epic of Gilgameš. Although both focus on the contact between human society and a wild outsider, the two stories develop the subject differently: while Enkidu loses his wild traits and becomes “civilized”, the Soqotri hero dies unable either to join the human community or to preserve his wild nature once people have interfered with his life.
Public support for Antarctic science: lessons from a national survey of Australians
Authors: Tranter Bruce , Leane Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the Antarctic region featuring more and more in discourse around anthropogenic climate change, understanding public support for research in the region is increasingly important. We examine public support for Antarctic science in Australia, drawing on findings from a nationally representative survey of just over 1000 adults conducted in 2021–2022. Key results reinforce earlier findings in other national contexts - for example, that older people and men are more likely to support Antarctic scientific research than younger people and women. They also reveal new information, including a correlation between particular sources of media coverage and support for Antarctic research. Our data have implications for where and how the public engagement efforts of government agencies and non-governmental organizations could most usefully be applied. While the survey is focused on Australia, it points to complexities around public support for Antarctic research that could be productively investigated in other national and in international contexts.
The Gender Gap in Issue Attention and Language Use within a Legislative Setting: An Application to the Italian Parliament (1948–2020)
Authors: Curini Luigi , Decadri Silvia , Ferrara Alfio , Montanelli Stefano , Negri Fedra , Periti Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigate the gender gap in issue attention among members of parliament (MPs) by applying automated text analytic techniques to a novel data set on Italian parliamentary speeches over a remarkably long period (1948–2020). We detect a gendered specialization across issues that tends to disappear as women’s shares in parliamentary groups increase. We then investigate whether women’s access to previously male-owned issues brings with it a different agenda, operationalized as a different vocabulary. We detect a U-shaped pattern: language gender specificity is high when female MPs are tokens in parliamentary groups with a large preponderance of men; it decreases when their shares start increasing and grows again when they constitute a considerable minority. We argue that this pattern is consistent with the theory of tokenism, and it is produced by the interlinkage of commitment to shared norms and the distribution of “activation thresholds” among female MPs.
On the Wind Tunnel Testing of Helicopter Models
Authors: Hooper M S 
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN, in introducing the Author, said that Mr HOOPER was presenting to the Association its first lecture on the subject of wind tunnel testing of helicopter models Mr Hooper had a long experience of wind tunnel techniques and had also been able to apply some of these techniques recently in investigating the aerodynamic features of one of the latest rotary-wing prototypes—namely, the RotodyneMr Hooper had been engaged on aerodynamic testing for many years, and next year would be his thirtieth year with the Fairey Aviation Company He had investigated a wide range of subjects such as the aerodynamics of sails for application to racing yachts and had also been concerned with the attainment of flight speeds greater than Mach 1 Thus it was not surprising that he had taken the wind tunnel testing of helicopter models in his stride and was tonight able to give an authoritative assessment of the value of this work
The Oscillations of a Mass-Spring System with Multi-Step Friction Damping
Authors: Jones J P 
Published: October 2023

SummaryAn analysis is made of the free and forced oscillations of a single degree of freedom system damped by a multi-step friction damper It is shown that in free oscillation the decay is similar to that obtained with viscous damping, but in this case the frequency increases as the friction increasesIn forced oscillation the exact solution is little different from that obtained using an equivalent viscous damper if the ratio (natural frequency/forcing frequency) is less than 1 37 For higher values the mass will remain at rest during some part of the cycle if the friction is large enough, when the above ratio is 3, 5, 7, etc, “stops” occur, however small the friction The variation of phase angle is unusual, under certain conditions the displacement leads the exciting forceOn the basis of the results a criterion for the use of the equivalent viscous damper in ground resonance calculations is suggested
Man-powered Helicopters
Authors: Shenstone B S , Whitby R H 
Published: October 2023

The present interest in man-powered flight has led to the consideration of whether man-powered flight can be accomplished by rotary wings If this could be done, it would be extremely convenient and in many ways much more attractive than man-powered flight by fixed wings or even semi-fixed flapping wings Support in the air by a rotor enables the forward speed to be as small as zero and, one would hope, as fast as a bicycle Not only it is attractive from this point of view, but such a machine could be small and compact and it is initially imagined as something on the lines of the small one-man helicopters under development in the U S A and France and possibly in other countriesStudy of the problem involves two basic considerations Firstly, it must be made clear exactly what power can be made available from the human body to drive the rotor Secondly, it must be discovered how this power can best be applied in order to get the most out of it, in the hope that it will be sufficient for free flight by man-power
Inversion of Geomagnetic Anomalies Caused by Ore Masses Using Hunger Games Search Algorithm
Authors: Ai Hanbing , Ekinci Yunus Levent , Balkaya Çağlayan , Essa Khalid S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeomagnetic anomaly interpretation through inversion procedures often yields useful results in determining the key details of ore masses. However, the problem is complicated due to the known ambiguous phenomena of the inversion process. Thus, details such as location, depth and shape can only be estimated using an efficient algorithm. To this end, we presented here a novel global optimization algorithm called Hunger Games Search (HGS) for the inversion of geomagnetic anomalies caused by ore masses. HGS is a well‐organized metaheuristic inspired by the hunger‐driven instincts and social behavioral decisions of animals. This is the first work in the literature to introduce this optimizer for the inversion of geophysical anomalies. We revealed the model parameter dependencies and the optimum control parameter values of the algorithm by performing some modal analyses and parameter tuning studies, respectively. The capability of HGS was demonstrated on synthetically produced geomagnetic responses and on three real anomalies obtained from some exploration fields in India and the USA. Uncertainty appraisal studies showed the solidity of the outputs of the algorithm. Moreover, some comparative studies with the fine‐tuned standard Particle Swarm Optimization, a commonly used tool for the inversion of geophysical anomalies, indicated that HGS algorithm provides better results in terms of convergence characteristics and solution stabilities in the presented inverse problem. We therefore recommend the use of this metaheuristic in model parameter estimation studies when dealing with this kind of geophysical potential field problems.
The Effect of Indian Ocean Temperature on the Pacific Trade Winds and ENSO
Authors: Ferster Brady S. , Fedorov Alexey V. , Guilyardi Eric , Mignot Juliette 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA notable shift in the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been observed in the early 21st century, characterized by an increased prevalence of Central Pacific (CP) events and strengthened Pacific trade winds. This shift may be attributed to the warming tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). To investigate this, we conduct perturbation experiments using the Insitut Pierre Simon Laplace climate model and nudge TIO surface temperatures to induce warming or cooling effects. Our findings reveal that TIO warming (or cooling) leads to amplified (weakened) mean trade winds and surface warming (cooling) in the Pacific region. Surprisingly, ENSO variability increases in both TIO cooling and warming scenarios. This result is linked to stronger positive feedbacks and a less stable Bjerknes index for either TIO forcing. Additionally, we find that TIO warming leads to more frequent CP events, meridional widening of wind anomalies, and broadening of the ENSO power spectrum toward lower frequencies.
Nonlinear Response of Global Monsoon Precipitation to Atlantic Overturning Strength Variations During Marine Isotope Stage 3
Authors: Zhang X. , Prange M. , Ma L. B. , Liu J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMonsoon rainfall proxy records show clear millennial variations corresponding to abrupt climate events in Greenland ice cores during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3). The occurrence of these abrupt climate changes is associated with Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength variations which greatly impact the global oceanic energy transport. Hence, the AMOC most likely plays a key role in modulating the global monsoon rainfall at millennial time scale. No modeling work has hitherto investigated the global monsoon system response to AMOC changes under a MIS3 background climate. Using the coupled climate model CCSM3, we simulated MIS3 climate using full 38 ka before present boundary conditions and performed a set of freshwater hosing/extraction experiments. We show not only agreement between modeling results and proxies of monsoon rainfall within the global monsoon domain but also highlight a nonlinear relationship between AMOC strength and annual mean global monsoon precipitation related to oceanic heat transport constraints. During MIS3, a weakened AMOC induces a decrease in annual mean global monsoon rainfall dominated by the northern hemisphere, whereas southern hemisphere monsoon rainfall increases. Above about 16 Sverdrups a further strengthening of the AMOC has no significant impact on hemispheric and global monsoon domain annual mean rainfall. The seasonal monsoon rainfall shows the same nonlinear response like annual mean both hemispherically and globally.
Phylogenetic and ecophysiological novelty of subsurface mercury methylators in mangrove sediments
Authors: Liu Songfeng , Hu Ruiwen , Peng Nenglong , Zhou Zhengyuan , Chen Ruihan , He Zhili , Wang Cheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mangrove sediment is a crucial component in the global mercury (Hg) cycling and acts as a hotspot for methylmercury (MeHg) production. Early evidence has documented the ubiquity of well-studied Hg methylators in mangrove superficial sediments; however, their diversity and metabolic adaptation in the more anoxic and highly reduced subsurface sediments are lacking. Through MeHg biogeochemical assay and metagenomic sequencing, we found that mangrove subsurface sediments (20–100 cm) showed a less hgcA gene abundance but higher diversity of Hg methylators than superficial sediments (0–20 cm). Regional-scale investigation of mangrove subsurface sediments spanning over 1500 km demonstrated a prevalence and family-level novelty of Hg-methylating microbial lineages (i.e., those affiliated to Anaerolineae, Phycisphaerae, and Desulfobacterales). We proposed the candidate phylum Zixibacteria lineage with sulfate-reducing capacity as a currently understudied Hg methylator across anoxic environments. Unlike other Hg methylators, the Zixibacteria lineage does not use the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway but has unique capabilities of performing methionine synthesis to donate methyl groups. The absence of cobalamin biosynthesis pathway suggests that this Hg-methylating lineage may depend on its syntrophic partners (i.e., Syntrophobacterales members) for energy in subsurface sediments. Our results expand the diversity of subsurface Hg methylators and uncover their unique ecophysiological adaptations in mangrove sediments.
Heat extremes in Western Europe increasing faster than simulated due to atmospheric circulation trends
Authors: Vautard Robert , Cattiaux Julien , Happé Tamara , Singh Jitendra , Bonnet Rémy , Cassou Christophe , Coumou Dim , D’Andrea Fabio , Faranda Davide , Fischer Erich , Ribes Aurélien , Sippel Sebastian , Yiou Pascal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOver the last 70 years, extreme heat has been increasing at a disproportionate rate in Western Europe, compared to climate model simulations. This mismatch is not well understood. Here, we show that a substantial fraction (0.8 °C [0.2°−1.4 °C] of 3.4 °C per global warming degree) of the heat extremes trend is induced by atmospheric circulation changes, through more frequent southerly flows over Western Europe. In the 170 available simulations from 32 different models that we analyzed, including 3 large model ensembles, none have a circulation-induced heat trend as large as observed. This can be due to underestimated circulation response to external forcing, or to a systematic underestimation of low-frequency variability, or both. The former implies that future projections are too conservative, the latter that we are left with deep uncertainty regarding the pace of future summer heat in Europe. This calls for caution when interpreting climate projections of heat extremes over Western Europe, in view of adaptation to heat waves.
Localized cardiac small molecule trajectories and persistent chemical sequelae in experimental Chagas disease
Authors: Liu Zongyuan , Ulrich vonBargen Rebecca , Kendricks April L. , Wheeler Kate , Leão Ana Carolina , Sankaranarayanan Krithivasan , Dean Danya A. , Kane Shelley S. , Hossain Ekram , Pollet Jeroen , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Hotez Peter J. , Jones Kathryn M. , McCall Laura-Isobel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPost-infectious conditions present major health burdens but remain poorly understood. In Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, antiparasitic agents that successfully clear T. cruzi do not always improve clinical outcomes. In this study, we reveal differential small molecule trajectories between cardiac regions during chronic T. cruzi infection, matching with characteristic CD apical aneurysm sites. Incomplete, region-specific, cardiac small molecule restoration is observed in animals treated with the antiparasitic benznidazole. In contrast, superior restoration of the cardiac small molecule profile is observed for a combination treatment of reduced-dose benznidazole plus an immunotherapy, even with less parasite burden reduction. Overall, these results reveal molecular mechanisms of CD treatment based on simultaneous effects on the pathogen and on host small molecule responses, and expand our understanding of clinical treatment failure in CD. This link between infection and subsequent persistent small molecule perturbation broadens our understanding of infectious disease sequelae.
Phosphorylation-dependent pseudokinase domain dimerization drives full-length MLKL oligomerization
Authors: Meng Yanxiang , Garnish Sarah E. , Davies Katherine A. , Black Katrina A. , Leis Andrew P. , Horne Christopher R. , Hildebrand Joanne M. , Hoblos Hanadi , Fitzgibbon Cheree , Young Samuel N. , Dite Toby , Dagley Laura F. , Venkat Aarya , Kannan Natarajan , Koide Akiko , Koide Shohei , Glukhova Alisa , Czabotar Peter E. , Murphy James M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe necroptosis pathway is a lytic, pro-inflammatory mode of cell death that is widely implicated in human disease, including renal, pulmonary, gut and skin inflammatory pathologies. The precise mechanism of the terminal steps in the pathway, where the RIPK3 kinase phosphorylates and triggers a conformation change and oligomerization of the terminal pathway effector, MLKL, are only emerging. Here, we structurally identify RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of the human MLKL activation loop as a cue for MLKL pseudokinase domain dimerization. MLKL pseudokinase domain dimerization subsequently drives formation of elongated homotetramers. Negative stain electron microscopy and modelling support nucleation of the MLKL tetramer assembly by a central coiled coil formed by the extended, ~80 Å brace helix that connects the pseudokinase and executioner four-helix bundle domains. Mutational data assert MLKL tetramerization as an essential prerequisite step to enable the release and reorganization of four-helix bundle domains for membrane permeabilization and cell death.
STRA8–RB interaction is required for timely entry of meiosis in mouse female germ cells
Authors: Shimada Ryuki , Kato Yuzuru , Takeda Naoki , Fujimura Sayoko , Yasunaga Kei-ichiro , Usuki Shingo , Niwa Hitoshi , Araki Kimi , Ishiguro Kei-ichiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMeiosis is differently regulated in males and females. In females, germ cells initiate meiosis within a limited time period in the fetal ovary and undergo a prolonged meiotic arrest until puberty. However, how meiosis initiation is coordinated with the cell cycle to coincide with S phase remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that STRA8 binds to RB via the LXCXE motif. Mutation of the RB-binding site of STRA8 in female mice delays meiotic entry, which consequently delays progression of meiotic prophase and leads to precocious depletion of the oocyte pool. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that the STRA8–RB interaction is required for S phase entry and meiotic gene activation, ensuring precise timing of meiosis initiation in oocytes. Strikingly, the results suggest STRA8 could sequester RB from E2F during pre-meiotic G1/S transition. This study highlights the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the female-specific mode of meiotic initiation in mice.
A mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat protein enhances cold tolerance by modulating mitochondrial superoxide in rice
Authors: Zu Xiaofeng , Luo Lilan , Wang Zhen , Gong Jie , Yang Chao , Wang Yong , Xu Chunhui , Qiao Xinhua , Deng Xian , Song Xianwei , Chen Chang , Tan Bao-Cai , Cao Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCold stress affects rice growth and productivity. Defects in the plastid-localized pseudouridine synthase OsPUS1 affect chloroplast ribosome biogenesis, leading to low-temperature albino seedlings and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we report an ospus1-1 suppressor, sop10. SOP10 encodes a mitochondria-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein. Mutations in SOP10 impair intron splicing of the nad4 and nad5 transcripts and decrease RNA editing efficiency of the nad2, nad6, and rps4 transcripts, resulting in deficiencies in mitochondrial complex I, thus decrease ROS generation and rescuing the albino phenotype. Overexpression of different compartment-localized superoxide dismutases (SOD) genes in ospus1-1 reverses the ROS over-accumulation and albino phenotypes to various degrees, with Mn-SOD reversing the best. Mutation of SOP10 in indica rice varieties enhances cold tolerance with lower ROS levels. We find that the mitochondrial superoxide plays a key role in rice cold responses, and identify a mitochondrial superoxide modulating factor, informing efforts to improve rice cold tolerance.
Microglial cannabinoid receptor type 1 mediates social memory deficits in mice produced by adolescent THC exposure and 16p11.2 duplication
Authors: Hasegawa Yuto , Kim Juhyun , Ursini Gianluca , Jouroukhin Yan , Zhu Xiaolei , Miyahara Yu , Xiong Feiyi , Madireddy Samskruthi , Obayashi Mizuho , Lutz Beat , Sawa Akira , Brown Solange P. , Pletnikov Mikhail V. , Kamiya Atsushi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdolescent cannabis use increases the risk for cognitive impairments and psychiatric disorders. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (Cnr1) is expressed not only in neurons and astrocytes, but also in microglia, which shape synaptic connections during adolescence. However, the role of microglia in mediating the adverse cognitive effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis, is not fully understood. Here, we report that in mice, adolescent THC exposure produces microglial apoptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which was exacerbated in a model of 16p11.2 duplication, a representative copy number variation (CNV) risk factor for psychiatric disorders. These effects are mediated by microglial Cnr1, leading to reduction in the excitability of mPFC pyramidal-tract neurons and deficits in social memory in adulthood. Our findings suggest the microglial Cnr1 may contribute to adverse effect of cannabis exposure in genetically vulnerable individuals.
Edge-rich molybdenum disulfide tailors carbon-chain growth for selective hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to higher alcohols
Authors: Hu Jingting , Wei Zeyu , Zhang Yunlong , Huang Rui , Zhang Mingchao , Cheng Kang , Zhang Qinghong , Qi Yutai , Li Yanan , Mao Jun , Zhu Junfa , Wu Lihui , Wen Wu , Yu Shengsheng , Pan Yang , Yang Jiuzhong , Wei Xiangjun , Jiang Luozhen , Si Rui , Yu Liang , Wang Ye , Deng Dehui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSelective hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (CO) to higher alcohols (C2+OH) is a promising non-petroleum route for producing high-value chemicals, in which precise regulations of both C-O cleavage and C-C coupling are highly essential but remain great challenges. Herein, we report that highly selective CO hydrogenation to C2-4OH is achieved over a potassium-modified edge-rich molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) catalyst, which delivers a high CO conversion of 17% with a superior C2-4OH selectivity of 45.2% in hydrogenated products at 240 °C and 50 bar, outperforming previously reported non-noble metal-based catalysts under similar conditions. By regulating the relative abundance of edge to basal plane, C2-4OH to methanol selectivity ratio can be overturned from 0.4 to 2.2. Mechanistic studies reveal that sulfur vacancies at MoS2 edges boost carbon-chain growth by facilitating not only C-O cleavage but also C-C coupling, while potassium promotes the desorption of alcohols via electrostatic interaction with hydroxyls, thereby enabling preferential formation of C2-4OH.