bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference distributions for serum iron and transferrin saturation: a practical, simple, and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort
Authors: Ritchie Robert F. , Palomaki Glenn E. , Neveux Louis M. , Navolotskaia Olga , Ledue Thomas B. , Craig Wendy Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe principal considerations driving iron status evaluation are clinical concern for anemia and the possibility of iron‐storage disease. Most often, the circulating levels of transferrin (or total iron binding capacity) and serum iron are measured and the percentage of transferrin saturation (TSAT) is then computed. Optimally, reference ranges for these analytes should exclude the effects of the acute phase response, nutritional status, estrogen effect, specific genetic disorders, liver disease, and blood transfusion. The current study reports reference ranges for serum iron and TSAT within a cohort of over 55,000 Caucasians from northern New England, tested in our laboratory between 1994 and 1999. Measurements were standardized against serum reference material (SRM) 937 (for iron) and certified reference material (CRM) 470 (also called reference preparation for proteins in human serum (RPPHS)) (for transferrin), and analyzed using a previously published approach. Individual cases with evidence of inflammation (C‐reactive protein ≥10 mg/L), or iron overload (TSAT >80% for males and >70% for females) or serum iron values <5 μmol/L, were removed. Among the referent individuals, iron and TSAT levels rose slightly until the teen years, at which time levels in males increased while those in females remained essentially constant. Between 20 and 70 years of age, males had 10–15% higher iron levels and 15–20% higher TSAT levels than females. When values were expressed as multiples of the age‐ and gender‐specific median levels, the serum iron and TSAT observations fit log‐Gaussian distributions reasonably well from the 20th to 99th centile, and the 10th to the 99th centile, respectively. After normalization, the Gaussian parameters can be used to assign a corresponding centile to an individual's measurement, simplifying interpretation. These data provide new and more detailed reference ranges for serum iron and TSAT. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:237–245, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MPS screening methods, the berry spot and acid turbidity tests, cause a high incidence of false‐negative results in sanfilippo and morquio syndromes
Authors: Chih‐Kuang Chang , Shuan‐Pei Lin , Shyue‐Jye Lee , Tuen‐Jen Wang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBecause of differences in the types and quantities of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in various mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs), MPS screening tests, including the Berry spot and acid turbidity tests, are not specific or sensitive enough for the preliminary diagnosis of MPS. A false‐negative result is common. We analyzed urine samples collected from 492 patients who were examined for inborn errors of metabolism using the Berry spot and acid turbidity (qualitative and quantitative) tests. Of those, 48 MPS patients (seven with MPS I, 17 with MPS II, nine with MPS III, 11 with MPS IV, and four with MPS VI) underwent preliminary differentiation between MPS types by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2D‐EP), and were confirmed by enzymatic assay. Approximately 21.0% and 7.1% of the 492 samples showed positive reactions in the Berry spot and acid turbidity tests, respectively. Of these, a total of 35 samples with MPS types I, II, and VI showed strong positive reactions in both tests. Five patients with Sanfilippo (MPS III) and six patients with Morquio (IV) syndromes showed false‐negative results in both tests. In our study, approximately 13.8% (68 in 492 samples) samples showed a positive reaction in the Berry spot test but a negative one in the acid turbidity test, for unknown reasons. The Berry spot and acid turbidity tests are used extensively for the preliminary diagnosis of MPS in Asia; however, the possibility of a misdiagnosis of MPS type III and IV with both tests should be kept in mind. For accurate diagnosis and confirmation of MPS, the 2D‐EP method and enzymatic assay are recommended. They provide high sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency in diagnosing MPS. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:253–258, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Porphobilmogen deaminase gene mutations in Brazilian acute intermittent porphyria patients
Authors: Ribeiro Georgina Severo , Marchiori Paulo Eurípedes , Kuntz Puglia Paula Marzorati , Nagai Maria Aparecida , dos Santos Mariana Lopes , Nonoyama Kimiyo , Hirata Mário Hiroyuki , Barretto Orlando C.O. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAcute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from porphobilmogen deaminase (PBGD) deficiency. Seven unrelated Brazilian patients were investigated regarding PBGD gene mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis followed by direct DNA sequencing. The PBG gene screening disclosed abnormal SSCP patterns in exons 7, 9, 12, 13, and 15, as well as in introns 3 and 10. Direct DNA sequencing revealed the occurrence of three nonsense mutations (R149X, R225X, and R325X) in exons 9, 12, and 15, respectively, and one missense mutation G111R in exon 7. The G111R mutation was detected in two unrelated patients. Intragenic polymorphisms (3119G/T in intron 2, 3581G/A in intron 3, 7052A/G and 7064C/A in intron 10, and −65C/T in exon 1) were also observed. In addition, two silent mutations (V202V in exon 10 and A266A in exon 13) were found. The latter has not heretofore been reported. Thus, this study revealed the mutations involved in Brazilian symptomatic AIP patients, as well as the intragenic polymorphisms found in the patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:259–265, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internship placement data: Is nonplacement the only concern?
Authors: Oehlert Mary E. , Sumerall Scott W. , Lopez Shane J. , Merkley Katherine B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCurrent discussion regarding securing internships often focuses on their availability. Thus, quantity is especially emphasized. However, quality is also an issue of importance. The number of intern applicants receiving slots at quality internship sites, as defined by the internship having been accredited by the American Psychological Association or having successfully been reviewed by the Association of Psychology and Postdoctoral Internship Centers, was assessed. Information regarding the number of unfunded internships also was gathered. Recommendations for increasing the availability of quality internships are provided. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1323–1326, 2002.
Practice‐informed research and research‐informed psychotherapy
Authors: Lueger Robert J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe information processing demands of planning and conducting psychotherapy and the types of information that clinicians value potentially can inform research that is likely to be useful to clinicians. Four approaches to conducting research on psychotherapy issues—technology transfer studies, quasi‐experimental single‐case designs, mental health services research, and case‐focused patient profiling—have the potential to inform the practicing therapist. These approaches generally are either treatment focused or patient focused, and can vary in their relevance to the individual case. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1265–1276, 2002.
Exploring links between childhood maltreatment and empowerment
Authors: Banyard Victoria L. , LaPlant Lindsey E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEmpowerment theory may be useful in understanding the long‐term impact of child maltreatment yet to date few studies have bridged these fields. The current study of female undergraduates was exploratory and examined links between a history of child maltreatment and several dimensions of empowerment. Factor analysis was used to create indices of intrapersonal sense of empowerment, community connections, and social action from various measures related to empowerment cited in the community psychology literature. Higher levels of reported maltreatment were related to lesser interpersonal sense of empowerment and self‐report of lower levels of community connections even after controlling for the effects of negative family of origin environment. Implications for theory, research, and interventions are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Justice and local community change: Towards a substantive theory of justice
Authors: Drew Neil M. , Bishop Brian J. , Syme Geoff 
Published: October 2002

AbstractJustice is a core principle in community psychology, yet has been the subject of relatively little systematic research. In the social psychological literature on the other hand there is a long tradition of research on justice in social life. In this article the potential benefits of integrating the social justice aspirations of community psychology and the conceptualizations of procedural and distributive justice from social psychology are discussed in the context of planned community change. The benefits of exploring justice in this way are illustrated with reference to a research project examining public perceptions of the fairness of roadside tree lopping. Although the issue may appear trivial, it was seen by the local residents as important. The results support the development, application, and utility of a social community psychology of justice to issues of community change. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of headspace pressure on the performance of a fluidised‐bed bioreactor
Authors: Fung C J 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study compares the biological performance of three fluidised‐bed biological reactors under conditions of different headspace pressures. The application of pressure can have a profound effect on the initial rate of bed growth. However, once the fluidised‐bed reaches full expansion, the biological performance at higher pressures is greater than those at lower pressures. There appears to be an almost linear relationship between the application of pressure and the performance of the fluidised‐bed biological reactors in removing soluble BOD5. This can be attributed to the increase in the oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid and a greater oxygen penetration depth within the biofilm.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of esterification of lauric acid with fatty alcohols by lipase: effect of fatty alcohol
Authors: Shintre M S , Ghadge R S , Sawant S B 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLauric acid has been esterified with some C1–C18 aliphatic alcohols by a commercial lipase, Lipolase 100 L, using isooctane as a solvent. When lauric acid and fatty alcohols were taken in the mole ratio 1:1, first order kinetics were observed for all the alcohols studied. The highest reaction rate was observed for n‐butyl alcohol. Lauric acid was esterified with stearyl alcohol, in varying acid to alcohol mole ratios to explain the first order kinetics of the reaction. A kinetic model for the lipase‐catalysed esterification in a biphasic organic–aqueous system has been proposed. Based on the interfacial substrate concentration, an analytical rate equation for initial rate of the reaction was derived and confirmed with the experimental data.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Solitary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma presenting as diffuse pancreatic enlargement
Authors: Chou Yi‐Hong , Chiou Hong‐Jen , Hong Tun‐Mei , Tiu Chui‐Mei , Chiou See‐Ying , Su Cheng‐Hsi , Tsay Shyh‐Haw 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLate metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the pancreas is uncommon. Diffuse pancreatic metastasis of any carcinoma rarely causes global enlargement of the pancreas. We present the case of a 73‐year‐old man diagnosed with metastatic RCC of the pancreas 9 years after radical nephrectomy had been performed and describe our radiologic findings. The disease involved the entire pancreas, which was hypoechoic on sonography, hypodense on CT without contrast enhancement, and markedly hyperdense after intravenous administration of a contrast agent. Color Doppler sonography showed that the involved areas of the pancreas had increased color flow signals, indicating that the metastatic tumor was characteristically hypervascular. In patients with a history of RCC, color or power Doppler sonographic demonstration of diffuse enlargement of the pancreas with evidence of hypervascularity may indicate metastasis of RCC to the pancreas. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:499–502, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10104
Gallbladder contractility in patients with cirrhotic versus malignant ascites
Authors: Sari Ramazan , Yildirim Bulent , Sevinc Alper , Bahceci Funda , Hilmioglu Fatih 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate differences in gallbladder contractility by measuring gallbladder wall thickness, fasting and residual gallbladder volume, and gallbladder ejection fraction in patients with cirrhotic and malignant ascites.MethodsTwenty‐four patients (16 women and 8 men) with malignant ascites (2 cervical, 2 colon, 2 stomach, 6 pancreatic, and 12 ovarian carcinomas), aged 59 ± 12 years, and 26 patients (14 women and 12 men) with cirrhotic ascites, aged 57 ± 16 years, were included in the study. After patients fasted overnight for 8 hours, gallbladder wall thickness, fasting gallbladder volume, and gallbladder volume and ejection fraction were measured sonographically at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 minutes after ingestion of a standard liquid test meal.ResultsThe mean gallbladder wall thickness was higher in patients with cirrhotic ascites than in those with malignant ascites (5.5 ± 1.5 mm [standard deviation] versus 3.1 ± 0.6 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean fasting gallbladder volume was also higher in patients with cirrhotic ascites than in those with malignant ascites (27.3 ± 11.5 cm3 versus 17.6 ± 8.9 cm3; p < 0.05). Patients with cirrhotic ascites had significantly higher mean postprandial gallbladder volumes and ejection fractions than did those with malignant ascites at all times except 10 minutes after the meal (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that gallbladder contractility is greater in patients with cirrhotic ascites than in patients with malignant ascites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:477–480, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10108
The cytoskeleton in fish melanophore melanosome positioning
Authors: Sköld Helén Nilsson , Aspengren Sara , Wallin Margareta 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMelanophore melanosomes organelles can be regulated to move and locate correspondingly to many other different organelle types. Comparing lessons from analysis of a specific melanosome distribution can, therefore, contribute to the understanding of distribution of other organelles, and vice versa. From such data, it is now generally accepted that microtubules provide directed long‐distance movement, while cell peripheral movements include microfilaments. In fish melanophores, both actin and dynein exhibit counter‐forces to the kinesin‐like protein in maintaining the evenly dispersed state, while actin and kinesin exhibit counter‐forces to dynein in many other systems. Lessons from elevating cAMP levels indicate the presence of a peripheral feedback regulatory system involved in maintaining the evenly dispersed state. Studies from dynein inhibition suggest that the kinesin‐like protein involved in fish melanosome dispersal is regulated in contrast to many other systems. One would further expect melanosome transport to be regulated also on actin/myosin, in order to prevent actin‐dependent capture of melanosomes during the microtubule‐dependent aggregation and dispersion. General findings will be discussed in comparison with positioning and movement of other organelle types in cells. Finally, recent data on melanosome‐dependent organising of microtubules show that dynein is involved in nucleating microtubules extending from melanosome aggregates in melanophore fragments. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:464–469, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The physiology of flatfish chromatophores
Authors: Burton Derek 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMost flatfish, of the order Pleuronectiformes, possess a white lower side, and a brown or grey upper side. This upper side can display integumentary patterning with dark areas and colored or white spots. Chromatophores in flatfish are dermal and epidermal melanophores, as well as dermal xanthophores, erythrophores, iridophores, and leucophores, combinations of which contribute to the color and patterning. Cellular studies demonstrate pattern‐related differences in numerical distribution between the types of chromatophores, and in their size, both of which will enhance contrast between areas of the pattern. As well as these morphological characteristics, there are also clear physiological differences, with melanophores from various areas of the patterns demonstrating differential responsiveness to background and to stress/excitement stimuli. Regulation of flatfish melanophore responses is predominantly neural, through the sympathetic nervous system; the pituitary hormones in these fish function in maintaining final equilibria in physiological adaptations to backgrounds. Melanophores from main components of patterns also respond differently in vitro to electrical stimulation, to pituitary hormones, and to sympathomimetic drugs and their antagonists. Sensitivity characteristics with α‐ and β‐adrenergic pharmacological reagents in vitro indicate the existence of a pattern‐related balance in α‐ and β‐adrenoceptor mediation in melanophore regulation. The patterning mechanism is complex, with both morphological and physiological differences at the chromatophore level, as well as involvement of central processing and control, which remains to be analysed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:481–487, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Image analysis and morphometry in the diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Gil Joan , Wu Haishan , Wang Beverly Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractImage Analysis, a complicated field still in the early stages of application to Pathology, has the capability of rendering major contributions to the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of malignancies of the breast. The present review summarizes the main problems and the general approach to the use of this technique for quantitating immunohistochemical stain results, obtaining DNA histograms, and making de novo diagnoses in routine materials of the Pathology service. In the case of diagnosis, the main steps are sampling, segmentation, and measures of chromatin texture. Currently, the limiting factor for all routine applications of image analysis is probably the absence of a reliable automatic nuclear segmentation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:109–118, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ingeneue: A versatile tool for reconstituting genetic networks, with examples from the segment polarity network
Authors: Meir Eli , Munro Edwin M. , Odell Garrett M. , Von Dassow George 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHere we describe a software tool for synthesizing molecular genetic data into models of genetic networks. Our software program Ingeneue, written in Java, lets the user quickly turn a map of a genetic network into a dynamical model consisting of a set of ordinary differential equations. We developed Ingeneue as part of an ongoing effort to explore the design and evolvability of genetic networks. Ingeneue has three principal advantages over other available mathematical software: it automates instantiation of the same network model in each cell in a 2‐D sheet of cells; it constructs model equations from pre‐made building blocks corresponding to common biochemical processes; and it automates searches through parameter space, sensitivity analyses, and other common tasks. Here we discuss the structure of the software and some of the issues we have dealt with. We conclude with some examples of results we have achieved with Ingeneue for the Drosophila segment polarity network. J. Exp. Zool, (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 294:216–251, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long cycles in 3‐connected graphs in orientable surfaces
Authors: Sheppardson Laura , Yu Xingxing 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, we apply a cutting theorem of Thomassen to show that there is a function f: N → N such that if G is a 3‐connected graph on n vertices which can be embedded in the orientable surface of genus g with face‐width at least f(g), then G contains a cycle of length at least cn, where c is a constant not dependent on g. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 41: 69–84, 2002
Minor‐order obstructions for the graphs of vertex cover 6
Authors: Dinneen Michael J. , Xiong Liu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe provide for the first time, a complete list of forbidden minors (obstructions) for the family of graphs with vertex cover 6. This study shows how to limit both the search space of graphs and improve the efficiency of an obstruction checking algorithm when restricted to k–VERTEX COVER graph families. In particular, our upper bounds 2k + 1 (2k + 2) on the maximum number of vertices for connected (disconnected) obstructions are shown to be sharp for all k > 0. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 41: 163–178, 2002
Hall parameters of complete and complete bipartite graphs
Authors: Cropper M. M. , Hilton A. J. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGiven a graph G, for each υ ∈V(G) let L(υ) be a list assignment to G. The well‐known choice number c(G) is the least integer j such that if |L(υ)| ≥j for all υ ∈V(G), then G has a proper vertex colouring ϕ with ϕ(υ) ∈ L (υ) (∀υ ∈V(G)). The Hall number h(G) is like the choice number, except that an extra non‐triviality condition, called Hall's condition, has to be satisfied by the list assignment. The edge‐analogue of the Hall number is called the Hall index, h′(G), and the total analogue is called the total Hall number, h″(G), of G. If the stock of colours from which L(υ) is selected is restricted to a set of size k, then the analogous numbers are called k‐restricted, or restricted, Hall parameters, and are denoted by hk(G), h′k(G) and h″k(G).Our main object in this article is to determine, or closely bound, h′(K), h″(Kn), h′(Km,n) and h′k(Km,n). We also answer some hitherto unresolved questions about Hall parameters. We show in particular that there are examples of graphs G with h′(G)−h′(G − e)>1. We show that there are examples of graphs G and induced subgraphs H with hk(G)<hk(H) [this phenomenon cannot occur with unrestricted Hall numbers]. We also give an example of a graph G and an integer k such that hk(G)<χ(G)<h(G). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 41: 208–237, 2002
Rural‐to‐urban migration in LDCS: a test of two rival models
Authors: Bhattacharya Prabir C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper provides a test—using an India data set—of both the Todaro‐type probabilistic models of migration and a distinctly different view of the labour migration process which sees the rural–urban migration flow as consisting of two distinct streams, with separate incentives—one group migrating to the informal sector where wages are competitively determined and the other group to the formal sector with jobs mostly prearranged (and with rural–urban migration not contributing to an increase in unemployment in any meaningful sense). The policy implications of this alternative view of the labour migration process are clearly substantially different from those derived from the Todaro and the Harris–Todaro‐type models. The evidence presented in this paper are seen to support this alternative view. The paper also considers the role of the social factors in migration decisions and examines the extent to which the variables which explain the migration for employment also explain the migration behaviour of those who gave various reasons other than employment for migration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.