bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil yield prediction for sunflower hybrid selection using different machine learning algorithms
Authors: Cvejić Sandra , Hrnjaković Olivera , Jocković Milan , Kupusinac Aleksandar , Doroslovački Ksenija , Gvozdenac Sonja , Jocić Siniša , Miladinović Dragana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to the increased demand for sunflower production, its breeding assignment is the intensification of the development of highly productive oil seed hybrids to satisfy the edible oil industry. Sunflower Oil Yield Prediction (SOYP) can help breeders to identify desirable new hybrids with high oil yield and their characteristics using machine learning (ML) algorithms. In this study, we developed ML models to predict oil yield using two sets of features. Moreover, we evaluated the most relevant features for accurate SOYP. ML algorithms that were used and compared were Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression, K-Nearest Neighbour, and Random Forest Regressor (RFR). The dataset consisted of samples for 1250 hybrids of which 70% were randomly selected and were used to train the model and 30% were used to test the model and assess its performance. Employing MAE, MSE, RMSE and R2 evaluation metrics, RFR consistently outperformed in all datasets, achieving a peak of 0.92 for R2 in 2019. In contrast, ANN recorded the lowest MAE, reaching 65 in 2018 The paper revealed that in addition to seed yield, the following characteristics of hybrids were important for SOYP: resistance to broomrape (Or) and downy mildew (Pl) and maturity. It was also disclosed that the locality feature could be used for the estimation of sunflower oil yield but it is highly dependable on weather conditions that affect the oil content and seed yield. Up to our knowledge, this is the first study in which ML was used for sunflower oil yield prediction. The obtained results indicate that ML has great potential for application in oil yield prediction, but also selection of parental lines for hybrid production, RFR algorithm was found to be the most effective and along with locality feature is going to be further evaluated as an alternative method for genotypic selection.
Effect of systemic lidocaine on postoperative quality of recovery, the gastrointestinal function, inflammatory cytokines of lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: a randomized trial
Authors: Wu Yu , Chen Zhuoming , Yao Caimiao , Sun Houxin , Li Hongxia , Du Xuyang , Cheng Jianzheng , Wan Xiaojian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSurgery is one of the most frequent and effective intervention strategies for lumbar spinal stenosis, however, one-third of patients are not satisfied with postoperative outcomes. It is not clear whether perioperative systemic lidocaine could accelerate the early postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing lumbar spinal stenosis surgery. 66 patients were enrolled in this trial. Lidocaine or placebo was administered at a loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg for 10 min and then infused at 2.0 mg/kg/hour till the end of surgery. Continued infusion by postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with a dose of 40 mg/hour. The primary outcome was the quality of recovery. Secondary outcomes included the time of the patient's first flatus, catheter removal time, underground time from the end of the surgery, pain score, levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), sufentanil rescues, patients’ satisfaction scores, and complications of lidocaine. Eventually, 56 patients were in the final analysis with similar age, Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of surgery and anesthesia, and median QoR-15 score (a development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Postoperative Quality of Recovery Score). The difference in median QoR-15 score in placebo versus lidocaine patients was statistically significant (IQR, 106 (104–108) versus 114 (108.25–119.25), P < 0.001). The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score at the 12th hour, median sufentanil rescue consumption, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) of patients treatment with lidocaine were lower. Nevertheless, patients given lidocaine had high satisfaction scores. Suggesting that lidocaine enhanced the postoperative quality of recovery, met early postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery, provided superior pain relief, lessened inflammatory cytokines, etc., indicating it may be a useful intervention to aid recovery following lumbar spinal stenosis surgery.
Increased risk of chronic kidney disease in uric acid stone formers with high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Tung Hsiu-Ting , Liu Chia-Min , Huang Ho-Shiang , Lu Ze‐Hong , Liu Chan-Jung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrolithiasis is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), irrespective of stone compositions. Chronic inflammation is an important factor for CKD progression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been recognized as a reliable biomarker of inflammation, yet its use in predicting renal deterioration in patients with urolithiasis remains limited. We aimed to explore whether the combination of stone composition and NLR could be useful as a predictor for CKD risk. A total of 336 stone formers with at least one stone submission for analysis were enrolled in the retrospective study. Stones were classified into uric acid and calcium groups. Renal functions were assessed at least one month after stone treatment. Uric acid stone formers had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared with calcium stone formers (p < 0.001). NLR was significantly higher in uric acid stone formers (p = 0.005), and a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.001) between NLR and eGFR had been observed only in uric acid stone group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that higher proportion of uric acid stone composition and higher NLR were both significantly associated with CKD risks. A nomogram integrating independent predictors was generated for CKD prediction, yielding an AUC of 0.811 (0.764–0.858). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that stone formers with higher proportion of uric acid composition and higher NLR levels were associated with higher CKD risk.
Adaptive EWMA control chart for monitoring the coefficient of variation under ranked set sampling schemes
Authors: Riaz Afshan , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Emam Walid , Tashkandy Yusra , Yasmeen Uzma , Rahimi Javed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we introduce an Adaptive Exponentially Weighted Moving based Coefficient of Variation (AEWMCV) control chart, designed to address situations where the process mean fluctuates over time and the standard deviation of the process changes linearly with the process mean. To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the control chart, we integrate the ranked set sampling method and its modified schemes, such as Simple Random Sampling, Quartile RSS, Median RSS, and Extreme RSS. The performance of the proposed AEWMCV control chart and the studied CV control charts are evaluated using the Average Run Length and Standard Deviation of Run Length metrics. Our findings reveal that the proposed control chart outperforms the existing CV control charts, especially in detecting slight to moderate changes in the process CV. To illustrate the practical applicability of the suggested control chart, we present an example demonstrating its use on a real dataset. The results highlight the superior performance of the AEWMCV control chart in accurately detecting and responding to changes in the process CV. In conclusion, our study introduces an innovative AEWMCV control chart that combines ranked set sampling and its modified schemes to enhance performance in scenarios with fluctuating process means and changing standard deviations. The proposed control chart proves to be more effective in detecting subtle variations in the process CV compared to traditional CV control charts. This research provides a valuable contribution to the field of control chart methodology, especially when dealing with challenging or costly data collection scenarios.
Combined telemonitoring and telecoaching for heart failure improves outcome
Authors: Knoll Katharina , Rosner Stefanie , Gross Stefan , Dittrich Dino , Lennerz Carsten , Trenkwalder Teresa , Schmitz Stefanie , Sauer Stefan , Hentschke Christian , Dörr Marcus , Kloss Christian , Schunkert Heribert , Reinhard Wibke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTelemedicine has been shown to improve the outcome of heart failure (HF) patients in addition to medical and device therapy. We investigate the effectiveness of a comprehensive telehealth programme in patients with recent hospitalisation for HF on subsequent HF hospitalisations and mortality compared to usual care in a real-world setting. The telehealth programme consists of daily remote telemonitoring of HF signs/symptoms and regular individualised telecoaching sessions. Between January 2018 and September 2020, 119,715 patients of a German health insurer were hospitalised for HF and were eligible for participation in the programme. Finally, 6065 HF patients at high risk for re-hospitalisation were enroled. Participants were retrospectively compared to a propensity score matched usual care group (n = 6065). Median follow-up was 442 days (IQR 309–681). Data from the health insurer was used to evaluate outcomes. After one year, the number of hospitalisations for HF (17.9 vs. 21.8 per 100 patient years, p < 0.001), all-cause hospitalisations (129.0 vs. 133.2 per 100 patient years, p = 0.015), and the respective days spent in hospital (2.0 vs. 2.6 days per year, p < 0.001, and 12.0 vs. 13.4, p < 0.001, respectively) were significantly lower in the telehealth than in the usual care group. Moreover, participation in the telehealth programme was related to a significant reduction in all-cause mortality compared to usual care (5.8 vs. 11.0 %, p < 0.001). In a real-life setting of ambulatory HF patients at high risk for re-hospitalisation, participation in a comprehensive telehealth programme was related to a reduction of HF hospitalisations and all-cause mortality compared to usual care.
Tradeoffs between resources and risks shape the responses of a large carnivore to human disturbance
Authors: Mills Kirby L. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beukes Maya , Dröge Egil , Everatt Kristoffer T. , Fyumagwa Robert , Green David S. , Hayward Matt W. , Holekamp Kay E. , Radloff F. G. T. , Spong Göran , Suraci Justin P. , Van der Weyde Leanne K. , Wilmers Christopher C. , Carter Neil H. , Sanders Nathan J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWide-ranging carnivores experience tradeoffs between dynamic resource availabilities and heterogeneous risks from humans, with consequences for their ecological function and conservation outcomes. Yet, research investigating these tradeoffs across large carnivore distributions is rare. We assessed how resource availability and anthropogenic risks influence the strength of lion (Panthera leo) responses to disturbance using data from 31 sites across lions’ contemporary range. Lions avoided human disturbance at over two-thirds of sites, though their responses varied depending on site-level characteristics. Lions were more likely to exploit human-dominated landscapes where resources were limited, indicating that resource limitation can outweigh anthropogenic risks and might exacerbate human-carnivore conflict. Lions also avoided human impacts by increasing their nocturnal activity more often at sites with higher production of cattle. The combined effects of expanding human impacts and environmental change threaten to simultaneously downgrade the ecological function of carnivores and intensify human-carnivore conflicts, escalating extinction risks for many species.
Deconvoluting charge-transfer, mass transfer, and ohmic resistances in phosphonic acid–sulfonic acid ionomer binders used in electrochemical hydrogen pumps
Authors: Arunagiri Karthik , Wong Andrew Jark-Wah , Briceno-Mena Luis , Elsayed Hania Mohamed Gaber Hassan , Romagnoli José A. , Janik Michael J. , Arges Christopher G. 
Published: October 2023

This work reveals how electrode binders affect reaction kinetics, ionic conductivity, and gas transport in electrochemical hydrogen pumps (EHPs). Using a blend of phosphonic acid and perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers as the electrode binder, an EHP was operated at 5 A cm−2.
Angiogenesis and villous development in human placenta
Authors: Mayhew T. M. 
Published: October 2023

Fetal well being requires adequate growth and maturation of placental villous trees. During gestation new phenotypes and relationships appear: precursor villi produce stem villi (the tree trunks), terminal villi (the finest branches) and intermediate forms called immature and mature intermediate villi (IIV and MIV). Before about 20 week, the emphasis is on producing IIV and stem villi. Thereafter production switches from IIV to MIV and from these abundant terminal villi are generated. The switch depends on fetal vascular development influenced by local O2 tensions, growth factor receptors and their ligands (notably vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, and placental growth factor, PlGF). From 9 to 25 week (low O2 tensions, high VEGF levels) fetal capillaries grow by branching angiogenesis. Between 15 and 32 week (high O2 tensions, low VEGF, high PlGF levels) they grow via nonbranching angiogenesis (linear growth of existing capillaries). Quantitative measures of these differences have been made using indices of villous and vessel growth (volumes, surfaces, lengths; numbers of endothelial cells) coupled with estimators of vessel calibre (mean cross sectional area) and endothelial cell size (squame surface area). Estimates were obtained stereologically using randomly sampled histological wax sections of placentas from 10 to 41 week. Here the following definitions apply: the term TV embraces true terminal villi plus some of the thinner MIV, intermediate villus (IV) includes IIV and MIV, whilst stem villus includes stem villi and larger IIV. Results were analysed by regression analysis and analysis of variance on untransformed or log transformed data. From 10 week, all villous compartments grew but the volume of capillaries expanded disproportionately to stroma and trophoblast. Capillary growth was proliferative and essentially linear (i.e. not due to increases in calibre). The volume of TV altered dramatically but the increase in IV volume was modest and the volume of stem villi did not alter significantly. During villous growth TV and IV became longer and thinner with larger surface areas. For most variables gestational changes showed inflection points at 20–25 week and growth was faster after the inflection point. Exceptionally, IV volume increased up to 24 week but not thereafter. In addition capillary to villus length ratios displayed 2 growth phases: the first (peaking before 20 week) was followed by a sharp drop preceding gradual restoration of peak values by term. In the first phase the mean area of an endothelial squame was maintained but squame size increased during the second phase. These findings confirm and extend the spatiotemporal patterns of change identified by qualitative studies and are consistent with branching and nonbranching angiogenesis being important phases in villous development.
Microinjected neutrophils retain the ability to take up bacteria
Authors: Bird M. M. , Segal A. W. 
Published: October 2023

It is now possible to microinject protein to probe specific biochemical pathways and/or cell functions in small cells such as human neutrophils (Bird et al. J.Anat.198, 2001). We have shown that these cells retain their ability to modify their F‐actin cytoskeleton following the microinjection procedure. The principal task of neutrophils is to hunt and kill bacteria by responding to chemotactic gradients which cause them to extend actin rich pseudopodia in the direction of the highest concentration of these molecules. On reaching their target the neutrophils make tight contact with the bacteria and phagocytosis ensues. Here we address the question of whether or not the microinjected cells are still able to maintain their normal phagocytic activities.Human neutrophils maintained in culture for 20 mins were confronted with Staphylococcus aureus (1 × 104 cells/mL) for 5 min and then injected with rat IgG as an exogenous protein that also serves as a marker for injected cells. After 30 min the cells were fixed for fluorescence or confocal microscopy in 3.7% formaldehyde and permeabilised for 5 min (0.2% Triton X‐100 in PBS). They were then incubated for 45 min in 2.5 µL FITC‐anti rat IgG and 1 µL TRITC‐phalloidin (to show the F‐actin cytoskeleton), in 996.5 µL of PBS, washed 6 times in PBS and mounted on slides in 5 µL Mowiol containing a grain of antiquench. For TEM cells were fixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer for 3 min at room temperature and then washed in 0.2 m cacodylate buffer 6 times before incubation with 1 mm NiCl2 and SIGMA fast DAB peroxidase tablets for 30 min. The cells were postfixed in a 2% solution of osmium tetroxide for 30 min, dehydrated through a series of graded ethanols, and embedded and sectioned for TEM.By TEM the injected neutrophils were observed to have taken up bacteria into vacuoles of varying size. At the earliest stages of this process, prior to and immediately following the initial release of granular contents and the initiation of mechanisms to rapidly destroy bacteria, the bacteria fitted more tightly in the vacuoles than at later stages. Injected neutrophils commonly contained several bacteria; more than one bacterium was frequently located within a single vacuole of substantial size. Confocal laser microscopic observations confirmed that cells containing ingested bacteria also contained IgG. Thus injected cells not only survive the microinjection procedure but also retain their ability to take up bacteria and initiate the digestive process.
Dynamic mass estimation framework for autonomous vehicle system via bidirectional gated recurrent unit
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yang Zichao , Shen Jun , Long Zhineng , Xiong Huiyuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe precise estimation of vehicle mass is crucial for the optimal performance of electronic control systems in autonomous vehicles. However, the nonlinear nature of vehicle dynamics makes it a challenging task to estimate the mass accurately. In response to this concern, this paper proposes a dynamic vehicle mass estimation framework underpinned by a bidirectional gated recurrent unit, developed using deep neural networks. The bidirectional mechanism and gated recurrent unit network are adopted to elevate the precision of the neural network estimator. The dataset used for training and validation is collected from heavy‐duty vehicle simulations and real vehicle road tests. The average root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and mean absolute error evaluated over simulation tests are 92.66 kg, 0.93, and 79.67 kg, respectively, and those in real vehicle data tests are 16.61 kg, 0.13, and 16.61 kg, respectively. The outcomes manifest that the method put forth surpasses the contrasted approaches in relation to accuracy in the conducted experiments.
Investigation of the impact of rotor shaping on the torque and radial force harmonics of a V‐shape interior permanent magnet synchronous machine
Authors: Masoumi Moien , Tsao Alex , Abeyrathne Charitha , Sahu Ashish , Bilgin Berker 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a technique aimed at improving the performance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) by reducing torque ripple and radial force harmonics. Unlike conventional IPMSMs, the proposed method employs a variable airgap length that is defined by a mathematical function. Two distinct rotor shapes are investigated to determine the most efficient design. Finite Element Analysis is employed to assess both the electromagnetic and mechanical attributes of the proposed motors. It compares the results for three operating points of the shaped motor with those of a conventional one. The investigation delves into the influence of rotor geometry on key output parameters, including Back Electromotive Force (back‐EMF) harmonics, average torque, cogging torque, torque ripple, efficiency, power factor, and radial force harmonics. The findings indicate that optimising rotor shape can significantly enhance IPMSM performance by reducing torque ripples and radial force harmonics, while simultaneously increasing average torque and efficiency at different operating points.
Review of cybersecurity for integrated energy systems with integration of cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Ding Shixing , Lu Shuai , Xu Yijun , Korkali Mert , Cao Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe integrated energy system leverages advanced information, communication, and control technology to integrate various energy subsystems, including electricity, heat, and gas, to achieve efficient and coordinated operation of the entire energy system. The integrated energy system further forms an integrated energy cyber physical system (IECPS) through resonant coupling between cyber and physical systems. However, integrating multiple energy subsystems and the deep coupling of cyber and physical procedures in the IECPS increases the risk of cyberattacks, necessitating enhanced cybersecurity measures. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the cyber‐physical coupling modelling, security performance evaluation, attack and defence methods, and operation and recovery strategies of IECPS in response to cybersecurity threats. The coupling modelling of cyber and physical systems is discussed, followed by an evaluation of security performance of IECPS. Next, a range of attack and defence methods and effective IECPS operation and recovery strategies are presented. At last, the future research direction of IECPS cybersecurity is pointed out.
Equity‐aware power distribution system restoration
Authors: Rodriguez‐Garcia Luis , Hassan Ali , Parvania Masood 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe efficient, reliable, and resilient supply of electricity has become essential for social and economic well‐being of the modern society. However, more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has exposed inequity in the planning and operation practices of power distribution systems, evidenced in higher vulnerability and longer power interruptions for some parts of the grid as compared to others. This paper proposes an equity‐aware power distribution system restoration model in an effort to ensure a more equitable yet resilient power distribution operation after outages. To this end, the proposed equity‐aware distribution system restoration model balances the efficiency of the restoration operation and the equitable allocation of distributed energy resources among affected customers after an outage, while prioritizing the critical infrastructure (e.g. hospitals). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework to ensure a more equitable restoration process as measured by the proposed fairness and restoration performance indices.