bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International compensation practices: a ten‐country comparative analysis
Authors: Lowe Kevin B. , Milliman John , De Cieri Helen , Dowling Peter J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article presents a comparative study of compensation, by exploring nine items which measure pay and
benefits practices in ten locations (nine countries and one region). First, similarities and differences
in employee compensation are examined. Second, emerging issues for international compensation are identified.
Third, gaps are identified between current practice and employee preferences for future compensation. Overall, the
results of this study provide some support for previous research, although a number of counterintuitive findings
are identified with respect to the ways in which culture might be expected to impact employee preferences for
cross‐cultural compensation practices. The research suggests several challenges for compensation practice
and directions for future research. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Partners to Players: Extending the HR Playing Field
Authors: Ulrich Dave , Beatty Dick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHR professionals must always be “becoming” or constantly changing and adapting. For the last
decade, many have argued the business partner role as a complement to traditional HR administrative work. We
argue in this paper that HR professionals should move beyond partners to become players. HR professionals as
players are “in the game, on the field, making a difference” through their HR work. In this article,
we suggest that to become players, HR professionals must learn to coach, architect, build, facilitate, lead, and
provide a conscience to business leaders. Specific knowledge and tools for each of these roles are described.
© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A dynamic TOPMODEL
Authors: Beven Keith , Freer Jim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new version of the rainfall‐runoff model TOPMODEL is described in which the assumption of a quasi‐steady state saturated zone configuration is replaced by a kinematic wave routing of subsurface flow implemented in a way that allows the simulation of dynamically variable upslope contributing areas. The new version retains the idea of a distribution of hydrologically similar points in the catchment but allows more flexibility in the definition of hydrologically similarity. This allows the new version to retain much of the computational efficiency of the original model while still allowing results to be mapped back into the space of the catchment. A comparison is gives of the original and dynamic versions in an application to the Slapton Wood catchment, Devon, UK, within the GLUE methodology. The new version provides results that are a better fit to observed discharges, with improved prediction bounds, and patterns of predicted deficits storage that are qualitatively more consistent with understanding of the responses of this catchment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall possible?
Authors: Sivakumar Bellie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Hydrological Processes 15 (12) 2001, 2381–2382.
Applications of the ideas gained from fractal theory to characterize rainfall have been one of the most exciting areas of research in recent times. The studies conducted thus far have nearly unanimously yielded positive evidence regarding the existence of fractal behaviour in rainfall. The studies also revealed the insufficiency of the mono‐fractal approaches to characterizing the rainfall process in time and space and, hence, the necessity for multi‐fractal approaches. The assumption behind multi‐fractal approaches for rainfall is that the variability of the rainfall process could be directly modelled as a stochastic (or random) turbulent cascade process, since such stochastic cascade processes were found to generically yield multi‐fractals. However, it has been observed recently that multi‐fractal approaches might provide positive evidence of a multi‐fractal nature not only in stochastic processes but also in, for example, chaotic processes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the presence of both chaotic and fractal behaviours in the rainfall process to consider the possibility of using a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall characterization. For this purpose, daily rainfall data observed at the Leaf River basin in Mississippi are studied, and only temporal analysis is carried out. The autocorrelation function, the power spectrum, the empirical probability distribution function, and the statistical moment scaling function are used as indicators to investigate the presence of fractal, whereas the presence of chaos is investigated by employing the correlation dimension method. The results from the fractal identification methods indicate that the rainfall data exhibit multi‐fractal behaviour. The correlation dimension method yields a low dimension, suggesting the presence of chaotic behaviour. The existence of both multi‐fractal and chaotic behaviours in the rainfall data suggests the possibility of a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall characterization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of PC‐3 human prostate cancers by analogs of growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GH‐RH) endowed with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antagonistic activity
Authors: Plonowski Artur , Varga Jozsef L. , Schally Andrew V. , Krupa Magdalena , Groot Kate , Halmos Gabor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates the proliferation and invasiveness of malignant prostatic cells. Receptors for VIP and the closely related growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GH‐RH) show considerable homology and are found in prostatic and other carcinomas. Among various analogs of GH‐RH synthesized, JV‐1‐52 is a non‐selective VIP/GH‐RH antagonist, whereas JV‐1‐53 is a VIP antagonist devoid of GH‐RH antagonistic effect. In our study, nude mice bearing PC‐3 human androgen‐independent prostate carcinomas were treated with JV‐1‐52 or JV‐1‐53 (20 μg/day, s.c.) for 28 days. Both antagonists produced a similar reduction in tumor volume (62–67%, p < 0.01) and tumor weight (59–62%; p < 0.05) vs. controls and extended tumor doubling‐time from 9.1 to about 16 days (p < 0.05). To investigate the mechanisms involved, in another study we compared the effects of JV‐1‐53 with those of somatostatin analog RC‐160. VIP antagonist JV‐1‐53 reduced tumor weight by 67% (p < 0.01) and suppressed the expression of mRNA for c‐fos and c‐jun oncogenes by about 34% (p < 0.05), without affecting serum levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I). In contrast, RC‐160 (50 μg/day) reduced serum IGF‐I by 19% (p < 0.05), but did not significantly decrease tumor weight. mRNA for VIP and high affinity receptors for VIP were detected on PC‐3 tumors. Our results suggest that VIP/GH‐RH antagonists can inhibit the growth of androgen‐independent prostate cancer by abrogating the autocrine/paracrine mitogenic stimuli of VIP. The ability of GH‐RH antagonists to block tumoral VIP receptors, in addition to GH‐RH receptors, could be potentially beneficial for prostate cancer therapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case‐control study of stomach cancer in Mumbai, India
Authors: Rao D. Nagaraj , Ganesh Balasubramaniam , Dinshaw Ketayun A. , Mohandas K. Mallath 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStomach cancer incidence rates are much lower in India than elsewhere, but the stomach remains one of the 10 leading sites of cancer in both sexes in most of the metropolitan registries. This is an unmatched case‐control study of stomach cancer carried out at Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Mumbai. Our purpose was to identify the association of tobacco and alcohol use, occupational hazards, diet, consumption of beverages like tea and coffee, the living environment, cooking media and literacy with stomach cancer. Our study included 170 stomach cancer cases and 2,184 hospital controls interviewed during the period 1988–1992. Tobacco chewing, bidi or cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking did not emerge as high risk factors for stomach cancer. Consumption of dry fish at least once a week compared to never or once a every 2 weeks showed a 12‐fold excess risk (OR = 12.4, 95% CI 7.0–22.1, p < 0.0001) for stomach cancer among the nonvegetarian food items considered. A protective effect of tea consumption (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9, p = 0.03), showing 59% reduction in risk, was identified, which could be of use for possible control and prevention of this cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular evidence of a common clonal origin and subsequent divergent clonal evolution in vulval intraepithelial neoplasia, vulval squamous cell carcinoma and lymph node metastases
Authors: Rosenthal Adam N. , Ryan Andy , Hopster Deborah , Jacobs Ian J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVIN is thought to be the precursor of some VSCCs because it is monoclonal, frequently occurs contiguously with VSCC and shares similar risk factors with a subgroup of VSCC. There has been no conclusive molecular evidence supporting this assumption. We performed X‐chromosome inactivation analysis on 9 cases of lone VIN, 10 cases of VSCC and associated contiguous VIN and 11 cases of VSCC and associated noncontiguous VIN. Eight of the 9 cases of lone VIN appeared to be monoclonal. All 7 informative and monoclonal cases of VIN with contiguous VSCC and 6/9 informative cases of VIN with noncontiguous VSCC showed patterns of X‐chromosome inactivation consistent with a common monoclonal origin for both VIN and VSCC. Two of the 9 cases of VIN with noncontiguous VSCC showed X‐chromosome inactivation patterns consistent with a separate clonal origin. We performed LOH analysis at 6 chromosomal loci on these samples and 7 cases with lymph node metastases. Identical losses occurred 7 times in VIN and contiguous VSCC (random probability 1.2 × 10–9), twice in VIN and noncontiguous VSCC (random probability 1.5 × 10–3) and 3 times in VSCC and associated metastases (random probability 1.8 × 10–5). Some losses occurring in VSCC did not appear in the contiguous VIN or associated metastases and vice versa. These data provide molecular evidence that VIN is the precursor of VIN‐associated VSCC, that multifocal disease may arise via either different clones or a single clone and that continued divergent clonal evolution may occur in vulval neoplasia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family stress and parent–infant interaction: The mediating role of coping
Authors: McKelvey Lorraine M. , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Schiffman Rachel F. , Von Eye Alexander 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStress, whether in the form of daily hassles, chronic life stressors, or stressful life events, has consistently been shown to impact the quality of the parent–child relationship. Coping has been defined as any strategy meant to manage stressful situations or events. To the extent that daily hassles and life events evoke strategies for coping with stress, the efficacy of such strategies could impact the quality of family relationships. The focus of the current study was to examine the relationship between stress and parent–child interactions, with direct interest in the mediating role of family coping on this family process. Participants were 105 low‐income mother–infant pairs who were enrolled in the national evaluation of Early Head Start. Study findings revealed that mothers are more likely to demonstrate positive interactions with their infants when perceptions of life stressors are low. Furthermore, although mothers who report fewer stressors utilize more support from friends and family, results did not support a mediating effects of coping on mother–infant interactions. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Association between αvβ6 integrin expression, elevated p42/44 kDa MAPK, and plasminogen‐dependent matrix degradation in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ahmed Nuzhat , Pansino Franca , Baker Mark , Rice Greg , Quinn Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAltered expression of αv integrins plays a critical role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In this study, we show that normal human epithelial ovarian cell line, HOSE, and ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCA 429, OVCA 433, and OVHS‐1, expressed αv integrin and associated β1, β3, and β5 subunits, but only ovarian cancer cell lines OVCA 429 and OVCA 433 expressed αvβ6 integrin. The expression of αvβ6 in OVCA 429 and OVCA 433 was far higher than αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin and correlated with high p42/p44 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and high secretion of high molecular weight urokinase plasminogen activator (HMW‐uPA), pro‐metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (pro‐MMP‐9 and pro‐MMP‐2). In contrast to HOSE and OVHS 1, OVCA 433 and OVCA 429 exhibited approximately 2‐fold more plasminogen‐dependent [3H]‐collagen type IV degradation. Plasminogen‐dependent [3H]‐collagen IV degradation was inhibited by inhibitor of uPA (amiloride) and MMP (phenanthroline) and by antibodies against uPA or MMP‐9 or αvβ6 integrin, indicating the involvement of αvβ6 integrin, uPA and MMP‐9 in the process. The αvβ6 correlated increase in HMW‐uPA and pro‐MMP secretion could be inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein or the MEK 1 inhibitor U0126, consistent with a role of active p42/44 MAPK in the elevation of uPA, MMP‐9, and MMP‐2 secretion. Under similar conditions, genistein and U0126 inhibited plasminogen‐dependent [3H]‐collagen type IV degradation. These data suggest that sustained elevation of p42/44 MAPK activity may be required for the co‐expression of αvβ6 integrin, which in turn may regulate the malignant potential of ovarian cancer cells via proteolytic mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 675–686, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MMPI‐2 profiles of filicidal, mariticidal, and homicidal women
Authors: McKee Geoffrey R. , Shea Steven J. , Mogy Robert B. , Holden Carol E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study compared the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (MMPI‐2) clinical and content scale profiles of a group of adult women (N = 73) charged with either murder of their child (filicide) (n = 30), their partner (mariticide) (n = 19), or an unrelated adult (homicide) (n = 24). No significant differences were seen among the three groups on either the MMPI‐2 clinical or content scales. Clinical inspection of the 53 valid MMPI‐2 profiles (F < 110T) revealed a 6–8 mean profile for the filicidal women, a 2–6 mean profile for the mariticidal women, and a 4–8 mean profile for the homicidal women. Application of the data for criminal forensic psychological evaluations is discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., J Clin Psychol 57: 367–374, 2001.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and risk for major depressive disorder: A preliminary study
Authors: Hartlage Shirley Ann , Arduino Kelly E. , Gehlert Sarah 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInvestigators examined whether premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) poses a risk for major depressive disorder (MDD). In an initial study, women rated premenstrual symptoms and functional impairment daily for two menstrual cycles. A semistructured diagnostic interview was given to obtain psychiatric histories and differentiate PMDD from premenstrual exacerbations of other disorders. Participants in this pilot study were eight women with PMDD and a random subgroup without PMDD (n = 9) initially. Another semistructured interview was given to diagnose psychiatric disorders occurring during a two‐year follow‐up interval. In all, seven of the eight women with PMDD developed MDD within two years, including all those who had never had MDD before. The odds that a woman with PMDD developed MDD were 14 times the odds that a woman without PMDD developed MDD ( p < .05). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder may be a prodrome of or causal risk factor for MDD. Preliminary evidence for the diagnostic validity of PMDD is provided. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1571–1578, 2001
Psychometric analysis of the cultural mistrust inventory with a Black psychiatric inpatient sample
Authors: Whaley Arthur L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn important empirical question is whether the Cultural Mistrust Inventory (CMI) can be used to measure cultural aspects of paranoia in Black psychiatric populations. Research on cultural mistrust in psychiatric populations is essential for tests of hypotheses regarding the misdiagnosis of African Americans. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the CMI in a sample of African American patients recently admitted to a psychiatric hospital. The reliability assessment revealed that the CMI total scale is a reliable measure. Factor analytic results indicated that a single global dimension underlies CMI scores. The CMI also showed good convergent validity with a measure of nonclinical paranoia and discriminant validity with measures of self‐esteem and social desirability. This study provides reasonable evidence that use of the CMI with psychiatric patients is psychometrically sound. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 383–396, 2002.
The role of neighborhood and community in building developmental assets for children and youth: A national study of social norms among American adults
Authors: Scales Peter C. , Benson Peter L. , Roehlkepartain Eugene C. , Hintz Nicole R. , Sullivan Theresa K. , Mannes Marc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUnrelated adults play potentially important roles in the positive socialization of children and youth, but studies of adolescents suggest the majority of adults do not engage positively with young people on an intentional, frequent, and deep basis. As a result, only a minority of young people report experiencing key developmental assets that have been associated with reduced risk‐taking behaviors and increased thriving. Social norms theory suggests that adults will be more likely to get deeply involved with young people outside their family if that involvement is viewed as highly important, and if they perceive a social expectation to do so. A nationally representative sample of 1,425 U.S. adults was surveyed to determine the degree of importance American adults ascribed to 19 positive asset‐building actions, and the degree to which the adults they knew actually engaged with young people outside their own families in those positive ways. The results showed that only a minority of Americans experience consistent normative motivation for engaging with other people's children. There is a large gap between what adults consider important and what they actually do to construct positive, intentional relationships with children and youth. Community stability and extent of community‐building activities in which adults engage, including participation in religious services, volunteering, and neighborhood meetings, are associated with differences among adults in the degree of normative motivation for engaging with young people. In addition to these group differences, however, there also are nine asset‐building actions—two functioning as genuine social norms and seven as social values—that great majorities of American adults consider highly important. The foundation therefore exists in public opinion to make explicit greater permission for adults to become more deeply engaged in the lives of children outside their families and to thereby define new normative expectations for all adults to share in being responsible for the well‐being of young people. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Family‐based prevention counseling for high‐risk young adolescents: Immediate outcomes
Authors: Hogue Aaron , Liddle Howard A. , Becker Dana , Johnson‐Leckrone Jodi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFamily prevention counseling, which features customized prevention planning for individual families, is a promising approach for preventive intervention with adolescents at high risk for substance abuse and conduct disorder. A randomized study (N = 124) tested the post‐intervention efficacy of an indicated, family‐based prevention model with a sample of inner‐city African‐American youths (ages 11–14). Key risk and protective factors associated with the development of drug use and antisocial behavior were targeted in four domains: self‐competence, family functioning, school involvement, and peer associations. Compared to controls, participants in family prevention counseling showed gains in global self‐worth, family cohesion, and bonding to school, and a decrease in peer antisocial behavior. The potential utility of family prevention counseling within a unified prevention framework is discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Waste treatment modules – a partial life cycle inventory
Authors: Jiménez‐González Concepción , Overcash Michael R , Curzons Alan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the cases in which the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data available in the literature only include pretreatment information, there is a need to use a model for waste treatment to estimate the post‐treatment data. In other cases, it is desirable to back calculate pretreatment information from final environmental emissions. This paper presents treatment modules for Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Solvent Incinerator, and Solvent Recovery. The modules were developed based on design equations and average literature data. The methodology and basis for the models are presented and results are shown for the three modules. The modules developed present an easy and scientifically‐based method to obtain post‐treatment LCI data. The modules are expected to be particularly useful in the instances when process design techniques are employed for the estimation of LCI data, especially in chemical, biochemical and pharmaceutical industries.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional immunohistochemistry of neuropeptides and nitric oxide synthase in the nerve fibers of the supratentorial dura mater in an experimental migraine model
Authors: Knyihár‐Csillik Elizabeth , Tajti János , Chadaide Zoltán , Csillik Bertalan , Vécsei László 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe supratentorial cerebral dura of the albino rat is equipped with a rich sensory innervation both in the connective tissue and around blood vessels, which includes nociceptive axons and their terminals; these display intense calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity. Stereotactic electrical stimulation of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion, regarded as an experimental migraine model, caused marked increase and disintegration of club‐like perivascular CGRP‐immunopositive nerve endings in the dura mater and induced an apparent increase in the lengths of CGRP‐immunoreactive axons. Intravenous administration of sumatriptan or eletriptan, prior to electrical stimulation, prevented disintegration of perivascular terminals and induced accumulation of CGRP in terminal and preterminal portions of peripheral sensory axons. Consequently, immunopositive terminals and varicosities increased in size; accumulation of axoplasmic organelles resulted in the “hollow” appearence of numerous varicosities. Since triptans exert their anti‐migraine effect by virtue of agonist action on 5‐HT1D/B receptors, we suggest that these drugs prevent the release of CGRP from perivascular nerve terminals in the dura mater by an action at 5‐HT1D/B receptors. Nitroglycerine (NitroPOHL), given subcutaneously to rats, induces increased beading of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐immunoreactive nerve fibers in the supratentorial cerebral dura mater, and an apparent increase in the number of NOS‐immunoreactive nerve fibers in the dural areas supplied by the anterior and middle meningeal arteries, and the sinus sagittalis superior. Structural alterations of nitroxidergic axons innervating blood vessels of the dura mater support the idea that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the induction of headache, a well‐known side effect of coronary dilator agents. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:193–211, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.