bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the intrinsic randomness in sequential measurements
Authors: Liu Xinjian , Wang Yukun , Han Yunguang , Wu Xia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the standard Bell scenario, when making a local projective measurement on each system component, the amount of randomness generated is restricted. However, this limitation can be surpassed through the implementation of sequential measurements. Nonetheless, a rigorous definition of random numbers in the context of sequential measurements is yet to be established, except for the lower quantification in device-independent scenarios. In this paper, we define quantum intrinsic randomness in sequential measurements and quantify the randomness in the Collins–Gisin–Linden–Massar–Popescu inequality sequential scenario. Initially, we investigate the quantum intrinsic randomness of the mixed states under sequential projective measurements and the intrinsic randomness of the sequential positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) under pure states. Naturally, we rigorously define quantum intrinsic randomness under sequential POVM for arbitrary quantum states. Furthermore, we apply our method to one-Alice and two-Bobs sequential measurement scenarios, and quantify the quantum intrinsic randomness of the maximally entangled state and maximally violated state by giving an extremal decomposition. Finally, using the sequential Navascues–Pironio–Acin hierarchy in the device-independent scenario, we derive lower bounds on the quantum intrinsic randomness of the maximally entangled state and maximally violated state.
High-k dielectric based high performance vertical organic thin film transistor for flexible low power applications
Authors: Yadav Sugandha , Mittal Poornima , Negi Shubham 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The basic performance parameters such as threshold voltage, drain current and saturation mobility play an important role for any transistor-based devices. The planar organic TFT provides a good performance but it is still not satisfactory. Therefore, in this paper, a vertical channel TFT (D5) is proposed that exhibits a significant improvement for threshold voltage V

t
, drain current I

Dmax
and saturation mobility μ

sat
in comparison to planar devices. The proposed vertical device (D5) is 44 and 24 times enhanced in comparison with planar device D1 in terms of I

Dmax
and μ

sat
, correspondingly. Furthermore, this paper compares five different vertical-channel device architectures (D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 & D7). Out of these structures, our proposed novel structure (D5) shows remarkable performance in terms of drain current (528 μA) and saturation mobility (80.8 cm2/V.s). As compared to the best mentioned vertical devices D2, D3 and D7, the proposed device exhibits 41.8 %, 15.6 % and 27.8 %, increment in drain current, respectively. Additionally, the proposed device exhibits about 2.7, 5.2 and 3.5 times improvement in comparison with D2, D3 and D7 correspondingly. The reasons for this better performance of the proposed device have been explained by vertical and horizontal cutline analysis.
In-plane compression behavior of meta-tetrachiral and common auxetic structures
Authors: Zhuang Zhidong , Zhu Linwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Meta-tetrachiral structure, as a novel negative Poisson’s ratio auxetic materials, combines the topological features of tetrachiral and anti-tetrachiral structures. Under the in-plane compression, a comparative study on the mechanical properties of the meta-tetrachiral and the common tetrachiral and anti-tetrachiral structures is investigated experimentally and numerically. Three types of specimens are fabricated by using Stereo Lithography Apparatus (SLA) technology; numerical models are established by using FEA software and verified by quasi-static compression tests. The simulated and experimental results together indicate that the in-plane deformation patterns of the meta-tetrachiral are limited by the different loading directions. The deformation mechanism of the meta-tetrachiral loaded along different directions is summarized by the deformation behavior of the specimens. The Young’s modulus of the meta-tetrachiral loaded along different directions is larger than that of the anti-tetrachiral structure. The auxetic properties (NPR) of the meta-tetrachiral structures loaded along different directions are superior to that of the tetrachiral structure. In addition, it is found that the meta-tetrachiral loaded along the Y-direction shows a better performance in terms of energy absorption compared to the other structures. The effect of the meta-tetrachiral structures with different wall thicknesses on energy absorption was investigated.
Supernova model discrimination with a kilotonne-scale Gd-H2O Cherenkov detector
Authors: Schnellbach Y. , Migenda J. , Carroll A. , Coleman J. , Kneale L. , Malek M. , Metelko C. , Tarrant A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The supernova model discrimination capabilities of the WATCHMAN detector concept are explored. This cylindrical kilotonne-scale water Cherenkov detector design has been developed to detect reactor antineutrinos through inverse β-decay for non-proliferation applications but also has the ability to observe antineutrino bursts of core-collapse supernovae within our galaxy. Detector configurations with sizes ranging from 16 m to 22 m tank diameter and 10% to 20% PMT coverage are used to compare the expected observable antineutrino spectra based on the Nakazato, Vartanyan and Warren supernova models. These spectra are then compared to each other with a fixed event count of 100 observed inverse β-decay events and a benchmark supernova at 10 kpc distance from Earth. By comparing the expected spectra, each detector configuration's ability to distinguish is evaluated. This analysis then demonstrates that the detector design is capable of meaningful event discrimination (90+% accuracy) with 100 observed supernova antineutrino events in most configurations. Furthermore, a larger tank configuration can maintain this performance at 10 kpc distance and above, indicating that overall target mass is the main factor for such a detector's discrimination capabilities. Finally, it is estimated that the detector design can provide early warning capability for supernova bursts for the entire Milky Way in all configurations.
Corrigendum to “Atomic-scale electromagnetic theory bridging optics in microscopic world and macroscopic world”
Authors: Li 李 Zhi-Yuan 志远 , Chen 陈 Jianfeng 剑锋 
Published: January 2024

The signs of the electric field markers in Figs. 2 and 4 of the paper [Chin. Phys. B 32 104211 (2023)] have been corrected. These modifications do not affect the results derived in the paper.
Predicting structure-dependent Hubbard U parameters via machine learning
Authors: Cai Guanghui , Cao Zhendong , Xie Fankai , Jia Huaxian , Liu Wei , Wang Yaxian , Liu Feng , Ren Xinguo , Meng Sheng , Liu Miao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
DFT + U is a widely used treatment in the density functional theory (DFT) to deal with correlated materials that contain open-shell elements, whereby the quantitative and sometimes even qualitative failures of local and semi-local approximations can be corrected without much computational overhead. However, finding appropriate U parameters for a given system and structure is non-trivial and computationally intensive, because the U value has generally a strong chemical and structural dependence. In this work, we address this issue by building a machine learning (ML) model that enables the prediction of material- and structure-specific U values at nearly no computational cost. Using Mn–O system as an example, the ML model is trained by calibrating DFT + U electronic structures with the hybrid functional results of more than 3000 structures. The model allows us to determine an accurate U value (MAE = 0.128 eV, R
2 = 0.97) for any given Mn–O structure. Further analysis reveals that M–O bond lengths are key local structural properties in determining the U value. This approach of the ML U model is universally applicable, to significantly expand and solidify the use of the DFT + U method.
Role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders: a review of reactive oxygen species and prevention by antioxidants
Authors: Houldsworth Annwyne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Neurological disorders include a variety of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, motor neuron disease and Parkinson’s disease, affecting longevity and quality of life, and their pathogenesis is associated with oxidative stress. Several of the chronic neurodegenerative pathologies of the CNS share some common features, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, synapse dysfunctions, protein misfolding and defective autophagia. Neuroinflammation can involve the activation of mast cells, contributing to oxidative stress, in addition to other sources of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants can powerfully neutralize reactive oxygen species and free radicals, decreasing oxidative damage. Antioxidant genes, like the manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme, can undergo epigenetic changes that reduce their expression, thus increasing oxidative stress in tissue. Alternatively, DNA can be altered by free radical damage. The epigenetic landscape of these genes can change antioxidant function and may result in neurodegenerative disease. This imbalance of free radical production and antioxidant function increases the reactive oxygen species that cause cell damage in neurons and is often observed as an age-related event. Increased antioxidant expression in mice is protective against reactive oxygen species in neurons as is the exogenous supplementation of antioxidants. Manganese superoxide dismutase requires manganese for its enzymic function. Antioxidant therapy is considered for age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and a new mimetic of a manganese superoxide dismutase, avasopasem manganese, is described and suggested as a putative treatment to reduce the oxidative stress that causes neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the evidence that oxidative stress causes neurodegenerative damage and the role of antioxidant genes in inhibiting reactive oxygen species damage. Can the neuronal environment of oxidative stress, causing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, be reduced or reversed?
Design of a Level-3 electric vehicle charging station using a 1-MW solar system via the distributed maximum power point tracking technique
Authors: Balal Afshin , Giesselmann Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Solar power is mostly influenced by solar irradiation, weather conditions, solar array mismatches and partial shading conditions. Therefore, before installing solar arrays, it is necessary to simulate and determine the possible power generated. Maximum power point tracking is needed in order to make sure that, at any time, the maximum power will be extracted from the photovoltaic system. However, maximum power point tracking is not a suitable solution for mismatches and partial shading conditions. To overcome the drawbacks of maximum power point tracking due to mismatches and shadows, distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized in this paper. The solar farm can be distributed in different ways, including one DC–DC converter per group of modules or per module. In this paper, distributed maximum power point tracking per module is implemented, which has the highest efficiency. This technology is applied to electric vehicles (EVs) that can be charged with a Level 3 charging station in &lt;1 hour. However, the problem is that charging an EV in &lt;1 hour puts a lot of stress on the power grid, and there is not always enough peak power reserve in the existing power grid to charge EVs at that rate. Therefore, a Level 3 (fast DC) EV charging station using a solar farm by implementing distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized to address this issue. Finally, the simulation result is reported using MATLAB®, LTSPICE and the System Advisor Model. Simulation results show that the proposed 1-MW solar system will provide 5 MWh of power each day, which is enough to fully charge ~120 EVs each day. Additionally, the use of the proposed photovoltaic system benefits the environment by removing a huge amount of greenhouse gases and hazardous pollutants. For example, instead of supplying EVs with power from coal-fired power plants, 1989 pounds of CO2 will be eliminated from the air per hour.
Pre-operative psoas muscle index, a surrogate for sarcopenia; as a predictor of post-esophagectomy complications
Authors: Yunrong Tan , Jin Wong Wei , Mahendran Hans Alexander , Koon Yoong Boon , Jahit Shukri , Kamaruddin Muhammad Arif , Anuar Nor'Aini , Daud Noor Aida Mat 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBackgroundEsophagectomy is the standard of care for curative esophageal cancer. However, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Esophageal cancer is known to negatively affect the nutritional status of patients and many manifest cancer sarcopenia. At present, measures of sarcopenia involve complex and often subjective measurements. We assess whether the Psoas Muscle Index (PMI); an inexpensive, simple, validated method used to diagnose sarcopenia, can be used to predict adverse outcomes in patients after curative esophagectomy.MethodsMulti-centre, retrospective cohort between 2010-2020, involving all consecutive patients undergoing curative esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in University Malaya Medical Centre, Sungai Buloh Hospital, and Sultanah Aminah Hospital. The cut-off value differentiating low and normal PMI is defined as 443mm2/m2 in males and 326326 mm2/m2 in females. Complications were recorded using the Clavien-Dindo Scale.ResultsThere was no statistical correlation between PMI and major post-esophagectomy complications (p-value: 0.495). However, complication profile was different, and patients with low PMIs had higher 30-day mortality (21.7%) when compared with patients with normal PMI (8.1%) (p-value: 0.048).ConclusionsAlthough PMI did not significantly predict post-esophagectomy complications, low PMI correlates with higher 30-day mortality, reflecting a lower tolerance for complications among these patients. PMI is a useful, inexpensive tool to identify sarcopenia and aids the patient selection process. This alerts healthcare professionals to institute intensive physiotherapy and nutritional optimization prior to esophagectomy.
Understanding for whom, under what conditions, and how an integrated approach to atrial fibrillation service delivery works: a realist review
Authors: Pearsons Alice , Hanson Coral L , Hendriks Jeroen M , Neubeck Lis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
To understand for whom, under what conditions, and how an integrated approach to atrial fibrillation (AF) service delivery works (or does not work).

Methods and results
A realist review of integrated approaches to AF service delivery for adult populations aged ≥18 years. An expert panel developed an initial programme theory, searched and screened literature from four databases until October 2022, extracted and synthesized data using realist techniques to create context–mechanism–outcome configurations for integrated approaches to AF service, and developed an integrated approach refined programme theory. A total of 5433 documents were screened and 39 included. The refined programme theory included five context–mechanism–outcome configurations for how clinical and system-wide outcomes are affected by the way integrated approaches to AF service delivery are designed and delivered. This review identifies core mechanisms underpinning the already known fundamental components of integrated care. This includes having a central coordinator responsible for service organization to provide continuity of care across primary and secondary care ensuring services are patient centred. Additionally, a fifth pillar, lifestyle and risk factor reduction, should be recognized within an AF care pathway.

Conclusion
It is evident from our provisional theory that numerous factors need to interlink and interact over time to generate a successfully integrated model of care in AF. Stakeholders should embrace this complexity and acknowledge that the learnings from this review are integral to shaping future service delivery in the face of an aging population and increased prevalence of AF.
The long-term effect of an m-health tool on self-care in patients with heart failure: a pre–post interventional study with a mixed-method analysis
Authors: Liljeroos Maria , Arkkukangas Marina , Strömberg Anna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
The aims of this study were (i) to evaluate the effects of using an m-health tool on self-care behaviour at 3 and 12 months and (ii) to explore the experiences and perceptions of heart failure (HF) patients about the m-health tool.

Methods and results
In this pre–post interventional study with a mixed-method analysis, 71 patients diagnosed with HF [49% female, mean age 76.7 years, New York Heart Association (NYHA) II 31%, NYHA III 69%] were enrolled and had the m-health tool installed in their home for 1 year. The tool consisted of a pre-programmed tablet including a weighing scale and interactive education about HF self-care. At baseline, and at 3 and 12 months, self-care was assessed using the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour (EHFScB-9) Scale, an eight-item self-administered questionnaire assessing the experiences of the m-health tool. The mean EHFScB-9 at baseline was 63.8 ± 2.8 and it improved to 67.6 ± 7.6 after 3 months (P &lt; 0.05). After 1 year, the score had decreased to 63.2 ± 7.1 (P = 0.68). Most patients rated the tool as ‘good’, both at 3 months (92%) and after 12 months (93%). Some found the system to be unnecessary to some degree, and this number increased between 3 and 12 months (P &lt; 0.001). Most patients felt that m-health increased their feelings of security, and 85% responded that the system increased their family members’ sense of security.

Conclusion
The m-health tool significantly improved patients’ self-care behaviour after 3 months, but this effect did not persist after 1 year. For achieving long-term effects and outcomes, additional and regularly updated self-care support may be needed.

Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04955600
Analysis of prescription compliance and influencing factors in cardiac rehabilitation after surgery in children with congenital heart disease based on generalized trust theory
Authors: Shen Xiao-Yi , Chen Lin , Yuan Li , Zhu Ya-qi , Cai Xiao-Man , Guan Yong-Mei , Luo Wen-Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
To understand the compliance, influencing factors, and action path of family cardiac rehabilitation exercise prescriptions for children after congenital heart disease surgery.

Methods and results
A random sampling method was used to select 200 paediatric patients and their parents from a paediatric hospital in Shanghai. Among them, 57 cases (28.5%) of children’s families followed the cardiac rehabilitation exercise prescription. Path analysis showed that peak oxygen uptake exerted a negative impact on the compliance of family cardiac-rehabilitation prescriptions for patients after congenital heart disease surgery through doctor–patient trust, with a standardized path coefficient of −0.246 (P = 0.001). Disease-related knowledge exerted a positive effect on the compliance of family cardiac-rehabilitation prescriptions for children after congenital heart surgery through doctor–patient trust, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.353 (P &lt; 0.001). The dimension of friend support in social support had a direct positive effect on the compliance of family cardiac-rehabilitation prescriptions for children after cardiac surgery, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.641 (P = 0.006).

Conclusion
The compliance of cardiac rehabilitation exercise prescription in children with congenital heart disease is not good and is affected by many factors, and there is a complex path relationship between various factors; the kilogram oxygen consumption of the child, the disease-related knowledge of the caregiver, and social support all play important roles in the compliance of the child’s family’s health prescription.

Registration
ChiCTR2200062022
Respiratory control minimizes diaphragmatic contraction and dry cough during pulsed-field ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jiang Ruhong , Liu Qiang , Chen Laite , Chen Shiquan , Wang Yunhe , Cheng Hui , Sheng Xia , Sun Yaxun , Yu Lu , Zhang Pei , Lin Jianwei , Zhang Zuwen , Ding Xueyan , Shehata Michael , Fu Guosheng , Jiang Chenyang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) is a promising new ablation modality to treat atrial fibrillation. However, PFA can cause varying degrees of diaphragmatic contraction and dry cough, especially under conscious sedation. This prospective study presents a method to minimize the impact of PFA on diaphragmatic contraction and dry cough during the procedure.

Methods and results
Twenty-eight patients underwent PFA for pulmonary vein (PV) and superior vena cava isolation under conscious sedation. Each patient received two groups of ablations in each vein: the control group allowed PFA application during any phase of respiratory cycle, while the test group used respiratory control, delivering PFA energy only at the end of expiration. A rating score system was developed to assess diaphragmatic contraction and dry cough. A total of 1401 control ablations and 4317 test ablations were performed. The test group had significantly lower scores for diaphragmatic contraction (P &lt; 0.01) and dry cough (P &lt; 0.001) in all PVs compared to the control group. The average relative reductions in scores for all PVs were 33–47% for diaphragmatic contraction and 67–83% for dry cough. The percentage of ablations with scores ≧2 for diaphragmatic contraction decreased significantly from 18.5–28.0% in the control group to 0.4–2.6% in the test group (P &lt; 0.001). For dry cough, the percentage decreased from 11.9–43.7% in the control group to 0.7–2.1% in the test group.

Conclusion
Pulsed-field ablation application at the end of expiration can reduce the severity of diaphragmatic contraction and eliminate moderate and severe dry cough during PV isolation performed under conscious sedation.
Clinical Manifestations of an Outbreak of Monkeypox Virus in Captive Chimpanzees in Cameroon, 2016
Authors: Brien Stephanie C , LeBreton Matthew , Doty Jeffrey B , Mauldin Matthew R , Morgan Clint N , Pieracci Emily G , Ritter Jana M , Matheny Audrey , Tafon Bibila G , Tamoufe Ubald , Missoup Alain D , Nwobegahay Julius , Takuo Jean Michel , Nkom Felix , Mouiche Moctar M M , Feussom Jean Marc K , Wilkins Kimberly , Wade Abel , McCollum Andrea M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a reemerging virus of global concern. An outbreak of clade I MPXV affected 20 captive chimpanzees in Cameroon in 2016. We describe the epidemiology, virology, phylogenetics, and clinical progression of this outbreak. Clinical signs included exanthema, facial swelling, perilaryngeal swelling, and eschar. Mpox can be lethal in captive chimpanzees, with death likely resulting from respiratory complications. We advise avoiding anesthesia in animals with respiratory signs to reduce the likelihood of death. This outbreak presented a risk to animal care staff. There is a need for increased awareness and a One Health approach to preparation for outbreaks in wildlife rescue centers in primate range states where MPXV occurs. Control measures should include quarantining affected animals, limiting human contacts, surveillance of humans and animals, use of personal protective equipment, and regular decontamination of enclosures.