bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial and Biological Activities Shaped the Fate of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in a Subtropical River‐Dominated Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Area
Authors: Li Jinlong , Wu Yunchao , Jiang Zhijian , Liu Songlin , Ren Yuzheng , Yang Jia , Song Xingyu , Huang Xiaoping , He Ding 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEstuaries are key areas for terrestrial material transport and marine biogeochemical processes, particularly those of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). However, the fate of DON in estuaries with a high runoff remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the translocation and transformation of DON in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and adjacent coastal areas of southern China based on DON concentrations, optical and fluorescence characteristics, and environmental parameters. The results revealed that DIN and DON exhibited dissimilar distributions. The distribution of DIN was primarily influenced by freshwater‐seawater mixing. In contrast, biological processes and freshwater‐seawater mixing shaped the distribution of DON. High levels of DON in the terrestrial‐dominated zone were predominantly anthropogenic sources through terrestrial inputs, whereas DON in the freshwater‐seawater mixing zone and seawater‐based zone were mainly influenced by biological activities, as high concentrations of Chla were observed in these two areas. DON exhibits fast dilution in low‐salinity areas and retention in moderate‐salinity areas (freshwater‐seawater mixing area) in summer and winter, while undergoes a rapid decrease in open water areas during winter. Consequently, DON in the PRE and adjacent coastal areas exhibited nonconservative mixing despite seasonal variations. These findings provide novel insights into the role of DON in nitrogen biogeochemical processes in river‐dominated estuaries and adjacent coastal areas.
Frequency Dependence of Ocean Kinetic Energy and Respective Changes Over the Period 1983–2018
Authors: Serra N. , Bryan F. O. , Stammer D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRegional horizontal and vertical patterns of ocean kinetic energy (KE) during 1983–2018 are studied using a numerical simulation. The analysis is focused on time‐mean and transient components of KE. For understanding its contribution to the total as function of timescale, the transient part is further sub‐divided into six frequency bands, with periods >16 months, 16–8 months, 8–4 months, 4–1 months, 1 month–5 days and <5 days. Near the surface, besides intensification due to wind‐forced generation, transient KE is enhanced in boundary currents, in equatorial wave guides and in the Southern Ocean. In the deep, KE is enhanced in re‐circulation regions under boundary currents and at eastern sides of topographic ridges. On scales <5 days it is enhanced over shelf and in quiet ocean interior areas. The largest fraction of transient energy resides in the eddy‐populated band 1 week–4 months. Decadal changes of KE are associated with mean flow variations and changes on inter‐ and intra‐annual periods, especially in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Changes in the subpolar Atlantic are correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and in the Southern Ocean with the Southern Annular Mode. A decrease/increase in Atlantic/Pacific KE is noticed over the investigated period. Trends are found in the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio Current and along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which shows an increase in mean and transient energy in the Indian/west Pacific sectors and a decrease in the Atlantic sector. The strong variations between decades suggest that trends are part of multi‐decadal variability.
Mercury fluxes from hydrothermal venting at mid-ocean ridges constrained by measurements
Authors: Torres-Rodriguez Natalia , Yuan Jingjing , Petersen Sven , Dufour Aurélie , González-Santana David , Chavagnac Valérie , Planquette Hélène , Horvat Milena , Amouroux David , Cathalot Cécile , Pelleter Ewan , Sun Ruoyu , Sonke Jeroen E. , Luther George W. , Heimbürger-Boavida Lars-Eric 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMethylmercury is a potent toxin threatening the global population mainly through the consumption of marine fish. Hydrothermal venting directly delivers natural mercury to the ocean, yet its global flux remains poorly constrained. To determine the extent to which anthropogenic inputs have increased oceanic mercury levels, it is crucial to estimate natural mercury levels. Here we combine observations of vent fluids, plume waters, seawater and rock samples to quantify the release of mercury from the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse hydrothermal vent at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The majority (67–95%) of the mercury enriched in the vent fluids (4,966 ± 497 pmol l−1) is rapidly diluted to reach background seawater levels (0.80 pmol l−1). A small Hg fraction (2.6–10%) is scavenged to the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse mound rocks. Scaling up our findings and previous work, we propose a mercury flux estimate of 1.5–64.7 t per year from mid-ocean ridges. This hydrothermal flux is small in comparison to anthropogenic inputs. This suggests that most of the mercury present in the ocean must be of anthropogenic origin and that the implementation of emissions reduction measures outlined in the Minamata Convention could effectively reduce mercury levels in the global ocean and subsequently in marine fish.
Design of an electromagnetic metallic metamaterial absorber for terahertz applications
Authors: Elkorany Ahmed S. , Saeed Fatma S. , Hassan Ahmed A. , Saleeb Demyana Adel A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetamaterial absorbers have diverse applications in the terahertz range. In this paper, a metallic metamaterial absorber is designed to work as a narrowband, wideband, or ultrawideband according to application. A systematic method with minimal computational requirements for the design is developed. The method is efficient since the only information required is the operating frequency and required bandwidth. A condition for zero reflection which ensures matching with free space is derived. The proposed design method is used for the design of narrowband, wideband, and ultrawideband absorbers. For each case the design parameters are different. The narrow bandwidth is less than 5%, while the wide band lies between 5 and 20%, and the ultrawideband is larger than 20%. The dimensions of the designed structure and material properties (εr″) are different for each case. The designed absorber is wide-angle and polarization-independent. The sensitivity of the designed material due to changes of physical dimensions and permittivity is studied. To validate results, reflectivity and absorptivity are calculated using CST package. The dimensions obtained from the developed method are a bit modified using trial and error. The results from the developed method and CST are in excellent agreement.
Tissue-specific directionality of cellulose synthase complex movement inferred from cellulose microfibril polarity in secondary cell walls of Arabidopsis
Authors: Choi Juseok , Makarem Mohamadamin , Lee Chonghan , Lee Jongcheol , Kiemle Sarah , Cosgrove Daniel J. , Kim Seong H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn plant cells, cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) are nanoscale machines that synthesize and extrude crystalline cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) into the apoplast where CMFs are assembled with other matrix polymers into specific structures. We report the tissue-specific directionality of CSC movements of the xylem and interfascicular fiber walls of Arabidopsis stems, inferred from the polarity of CMFs determined using vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy. CMFs in xylems are deposited in an unidirectionally biased pattern with their alignment axes tilted about 25° off the stem axis, while interfascicular fibers are bidirectional and highly aligned along the longitudinal axis of the stem. These structures are compatible with the design of fiber-reinforced composites for tubular conduit and support pillar, respectively, suggesting that during cell development, CSC movement is regulated to produce wall structures optimized for cell-specific functions.
Bundling of collagen fibrils influences osteocyte network formation during bone modeling
Authors: Hashimoto Mana , Takahashi Haruka , Tabata-Okubo Kaori , Nagaoka Noriyuki , Tokunaga Kazuaki , Matsumori Haruka , Ishihara Yoshihito , Kaku Masaru , Iimura Tadahiro , Hara Toru , Kamioka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOsteocytes form a cellular network by gap junctions between their cell processes. This network is important since intercellular communication via the network is essential for bone metabolism. However, the factors that influence the formation of this osteocyte network remain unknown. As the early stage of osteocyte network formation occurs on the bone surface, we observed a newly formed trabecular bone surface by orthogonal focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy. The embedding late osteoblast processes tended to avoid bundled collagen fibrils and elongate into sparse collagen fibrils. Then, we examined whether the inhibition of bundling of collagen fibrils using a potent lysyl oxidase inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) changed the cellular network of the chick calvaria. The osteocyte shape of the control group was spindle-shape, while that of the BAPN group was sphere-shaped. In addition, the osteocyte processes of the control group were elongated vertically to the long axis of the cell body, whereas the osteocyte processes of the BAPN group were elongated radially. Therefore, it was suggested that the bundling of collagen fibrils influences normal osteocyte network formation during bone modeling.
Some developments on seasonal INAR processes with application to influenza data
Authors: Almuhayfith Fatimah E. , Okereke Emmanuel W. , Awale Manik , Bakouch Hassan S. , Alqifari Hana N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfluenza epidemic data are seasonal in nature. Zero-inflation, zero-deflation, overdispersion, and underdispersion are frequently seen in such number of cases of disease (count) data. To explain these counts’ features, this paper introduces a flexible model for nonnegative integer-valued time series with a seasonal autoregressive structure. Some probabilistic properties of the model are discussed for general seasonal INAR(p) model and three estimation methods are used to estimate the model parameters for its special case seasonal INAR(1) model. The performance of the estimation procedures has been studied using simulation. The proposed model is applied to analyze weekly influenza data from the Breisgau- Hochschwarzwald county of Baden–Württemberg state, Germany. The empirical findings show that the suggested model performs better than existing models.
Semisupervised hyperspectral image classification based on generative adversarial networks and spectral angle distance
Authors: Zhan Ying , Wang Yufeng , Yu Xianchuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCollecting ground truth labels for hyperspectral image classification is difficult and time-consuming. Without an adequate number of training samples, hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a challenging problem. Using generative adversarial networks (GANs) is a promising technique for solving this problem because GANs can learn features from both labeled and unlabeled samples. The cost functions widely used in current GAN methods are suitable for 2D nature images. Compared with natural images, HSIs have a simpler one-dimensional structure that facilitates image generation. Motivated by the one-dimensional spectral features of HSIs, we propose a novel semisupervised algorithm for HSI classification by introducing spectral angle distance (SAD) as a loss function and employing multilayer feature fusion. Since the differences between spectra can be quickly calculated using the spectral angle distance, the convergence speed of the GAN can be improved, and the samples generated by the generator model in the GAN are closer to the real spectrum. Once the entire GAN model has been trained, the discriminator can extract multiscale features of labeled and unlabeled samples. The classifier is then trained for HSI classification using the multilayer features extracted from a few labeled samples by the discriminator. The proposed method was validated on four hyperspectral datasets: Pavia University, Indiana Pines, Salinas, and Tianshan. The experimental results show that the proposed model provides very promising results compared with other related state-of-the-art methods.
A route planning for oil sample transportation based on improved A* algorithm
Authors: Sang Yingjun , Chen Xianyan , Chen Quanyu , Tao Jinglei , Fan Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe traditional A* algorithm suffers from issues such as sharp turning points in the path, weak directional guidance during the search, and a large number of computed nodes. To address these problems, a modified approach called the Directional Search A* algorithm along with a path smoothing technique has been proposed. Firstly, the Directional Search A* algorithm introduces an angle constraint condition through the evaluation function. By converting sharp turns into obtuse angles, the path turning points become smoother. This approach reduces the occurrence of sharp turns in the path, resulting in improved path smoothness. Secondly, the algorithm enhances the distance function to strengthen the directional guidance during the path search. By optimizing the distance function, the algorithm tends to prefer directions that lead towards the target, which helps reduce the search space and shorten the overall path planning time. Additionally, the algorithm removes redundant nodes along the path, resulting in a more concise path representation. Lastly, the algorithm proposes an improved step size adjustment method to optimize the number of path nodes obtained. By appropriately adjusting the step size, the algorithm further reduces the number of nodes, leading to improved path planning efficiency. By applying these methods together, the Directional Search A* algorithm effectively addresses the limitations of the traditional A* algorithm and produces smoother and more efficient path planning results. Simulation experiments comparing the modified A* algorithm with the traditional A* algorithm were conducted using MATLAB. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved A* algorithm can generate shorter paths, with reduced planning time and smoother trajectories. This indicates that the Directional Search A* algorithm, incorporating the angle constraint condition in the evaluation function and the direction-guided strategy, outperforms the traditional A* algorithm in path planning and provides better solutions to the existing issues.
Complex magnetic fields represent an eco-sustainable technology to counteract the resistant Candida albicans growth without affecting the human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Di Lodovico Silvia , Petrini Morena , D’Amico Emira , Di Fermo Paola , Diban Firas , D’Arcangelo Sara , Piattelli Adriano , Cellini Luigina , Iezzi Giovanna , Di Giulio Mara , D’Ercole Simonetta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNovel technologies such as complex magnetic fields—CMFs represent an eco-sustainable proposal to counteract the infection associated to resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two CMF programs (STRESS, ANTIBACTERIAL) against clinical antifungal resistant C. albicans also evaluating their uneffectiveness on gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). The STRESS program was more efficacious on C. albicans biofilm with up to 64.37% ± 10.80 of biomass and up to 99.19% ± 0.06 CFU/ml reductions in respect to the control also inducing an alteration of lipidic structure of the membrane. The MTT assay showed no CMFs negative effects on the viability of hGFs with a major ROS production with the ANTIBACTERIAL program at 3 and 24 h. For the wound healing assay, STRESS program showed the best effect in terms of the rate migration at 24 h, showing statistical significance of p < 0.0001. The toluidine-blue staining observations showed the typical morphology of cells and the presence of elongated and spindle-shaped with cytoplasmic extensions and lamellipodia was observed by SEM. The ANTIBACTERIAL program statistically increased the production of collagen with respect to control and STRESS program (p < 0.0001). CMFs showed a relevant anti-virulence action against C. albicans, no cytotoxicity effects and a high hGFs migration rate. The results of this study suggest that CMFs could represent a novel eco-sustainable strategy to counteract the resistant yeast biofilm infections.
Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 who have deteriorating chest X-ray findings within 48 h: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kusumoto Tatsuya , Chubachi Shotaro , Namkoong Ho , Tanaka Hiromu , Lee Ho , Otake Shiro , Nakagawara Kensuke , Fukushima Takahiro , Morita Atsuho , Watase Mayuko , Asakura Takanori , Masaki Katsunori , Kamata Hirofumi , Ishii Makoto , Hasegawa Naoki , Harada Norihiro , Ueda Tetsuya , Ueda Soichiro , Ishiguro Takashi , Arimura Ken , Saito Fukuki , Yoshiyama Takashi , Nakano Yasushi , Mutoh Yoshikazu , Suzuki Yusuke , Edahiro Ryuya , Murakami Koji , Sato Yasunori , Okada Yukinori , Koike Ryuji , Kitagawa Yuko , Tokunaga Katsushi , Kimura Akinori , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi , Kanai Takanori , Fukunaga Koichi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe severity of chest X-ray (CXR) findings is a prognostic factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the clinical and genetic characteristics and prognosis of patients with worsening CXR findings during early hospitalization. We retrospectively included 1656 consecutive Japanese patients with COVID-19 recruited through the Japan COVID-19 Task Force. Rapid deterioration of CXR findings was defined as increased pulmonary infiltrates in ≥ 50% of the lung fields within 48 h of admission. Rapid deterioration of CXR findings was an independent risk factor for death, most severe illness, tracheal intubation, and intensive care unit admission. The presence of consolidation on CXR, comorbid cardiovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, high body temperature, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, potassium, and C-reactive protein levels were independent risk factors for rapid deterioration of CXR findings. Risk variant at the ABO locus (rs529565-C) was associated with rapid deterioration of CXR findings in all patients. This study revealed the clinical features, genetic features, and risk factors associated with rapid deterioration of CXR findings, a poor prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19.
Burden of cerebral small vessel disease and changes of diastolic blood pressure affect clinical outcome after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Gunkel Sarah , Schötzau Andreas , Fluri Felix 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElevated and low blood pressure (BP) may lead to poor functional outcome after ischemic stroke, which is conflicting. Hence, there must be another factor—such as cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) -interacting with BP and thus, affecting outcome. Here, we investigate the relationship between BP and cSVD regarding outcome after stroke. Data of 423/503 stroke patients were prospectively analyzed. Diastolic (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) were collected on hospital admission (BPad) and over the first 72 h (BP72h). cSVD-burden was determined on MR-scans. Good functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2 at hospital discharge and 12 months thereafter. cSVD was a predictor of poor outcome (OR 2.8; p < 0.001). SBPad, DBPad and SBP72h were not significantly associated with outcome at any time. A significant relationship was found between DBP72h, (p < 0.01), cSVD (p = 0.013) and outcome at discharge. At 12 months, we found a relationship between outcome and DBP72h (p = 0.018) and a statistical tendency regarding cSVD (p = 0.08). Changes in DBP72h were significantly related with outcome. There was a U-shaped relationship between DBP72h and outcome at discharge. Our results suggest an individualized stroke care by either lowering or elevating DBP depending on cSVD-burden in order to influence functional outcome.
Brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein, a component of the post-synaptic density protein complexes, contributes to learning and memory
Authors: Katano Tayo , Konno Kohtarou , Takao Keizo , Abe Manabu , Yoshikawa Akari , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Sakimura Kenji , Watanabe Masahiko , Ito Seiji , Kobayashi Takuya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBrain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein (BEGAIN) is highly enriched in the post-synaptic density (PSD) fraction and was identified in our previous study as a protein associated with neuropathic pain in the spinal dorsal horn. PSD protein complexes containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors are known to be involved in neuropathic pain. Since these PSD proteins also participate in learning and memory, BEGAIN is also expected to play a crucial role in this behavior. To verify this, we first examined the distribution of BEGAIN in the brain. We found that BEGAIN was widely distributed in the brain and highly expressed in the dendritic regions of the hippocampus. Moreover, we found that BEGAIN was concentrated in the PSD fraction of the hippocampus. Furthermore, immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that BEGAIN was localized at the asymmetric synapses. Behavioral tests were performed using BEGAIN-knockout (KO) mice to determine the contribution of BEGAIN toward learning and memory. Spatial reference memory and reversal learning in the Barns circular maze test along with contextual fear and cued fear memory in the contextual and cued fear conditioning test were significantly impaired in BEGAIN-KO mice compared to with those in wild-type mice. Thus, this study reveals that BEGAIN is a component of the post-synaptic compartment of excitatory synapses involved in learning and memory.