bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
level of knowledge, attitude, community behavior about halal cosmetics in Makasar District DKI Jakarta
Authors: Nugrahaeni Fitria , Wiyati Tuti , Wulandari Nora , Utami Meidi Sari Putri 
Published: January 2024

Background: Halal is important for a Muslim, especially in the use of cosmetics. Halal cosmetics are those whose raw materials are not derived from non-halal materials.
Objective: This study aims to find out the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the people of Makasar District towards Halal cosmetics.
Method: This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design which will be conducted from November 2021 to March 2022. The research instrument uses a questionnaire of the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior that has been tested for validity and total of respondents is 519 respondents.
Results: The results showed that 92.9% of respondents had good knowledge, 98.5% had positive attitudes, and 93.2% had good behavior towards halal cosmetics. There is a significant relationship between the knowledge and behavior (P<0.05) (r=0.166); attitudes and behavior (P<0.05) (r=0.215). Meanwhile, there is no relationship between the knowledge and attitudes (P>0.05) (r=0.086).
Conclusion: Knowledge has a significant relationship with behavior, but there is no relationship with attitude. There is a significant relationship between attitude and behavior. High levels of knowledge, attitude, and behavior will increase people’s interest in choosing Halal cosmetics.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior, Halal cosmetics
Lossy Compression of Individual Sequences Revisited: Fundamental Limits of Finite-State Encoders
Authors: Merhav Neri 
Published: January 2024

We extend Ziv and Lempel&#039;s model of finite-state encoders to the realm of lossy compression of individual sequences. In particular, the model of the encoder includes a finite-state reconstruction codebook followed by an information lossless finite-state encoder that compresses the
reconstruction codeword with no additional distortion. We first derive two different lower bounds to the compression ratio that depend on the number of states of the lossless encoder. Both bounds are asymptotically achievable by conceptually simple coding schemes. We then show that when the number of states of the lossless encoder is large enough in terms of the reconstruction
block-length, the performance can be improved, sometimes significantly so.
In particular, the improved performance is achievable using a random-coding ensemble
that is universal, not only in terms of the source sequence, but also in terms
of the distortion measure.
Aircraft Observations in a Tropical Supercluster over the Equatorial Indian Ocean during MISO-BOB Field Campaign
Authors: Phadtare Jayesh , Fernando Harindra J.S. , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Valentín Jaynise M Pérez , McLaughlin Kaitlyn , Black Garrett , Dehart Jeremy , Tandon Amit , Shroyer Emily , Jinadasa S.U.P. , Bhat G.S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Monsoon Intra-Seasonal Oscillations in the Bay of Bengal (MISO-BOB) field campaign was conducted in the Indian Ocean during the 2018 and 2019 summer monsoon seasons. WC-130J aircraft of the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the US Air Force participated in the campaign in June 2018. The dropsonde observations across a tropical supercluster showed zonal wind variations in association with the structure of the convectively coupled Kelvin wave (CCKW). Within the supercluster, easterlies (westerlies) were observed in the upper (lower) troposphere; this transformation occurred just below the 0oC level. The cold pool had an easterly component throughout, and it was coldest (by 2.5oC) at the center of the supercluster, deepest(~ 1000 m) at its rear/western end, and shallowest (~ 300 m) at the front/eastern end. The level of free convection (LFC) at the front end was at 897 m altitude. At the eastern flank of the supercluster, zonal convergence in the lower troposphere occurred between 500-1500 m levels above the surface between the westerlies within the supercluster and opposing ambient easterlies.Thus, the uplifting of conditionally unstable air parcels above LFC to the east of the supercluster was likely to occur due to this convergence rather than the cold pool influence. Conversely, the western flank of the supercluster had low-level zonal divergence. These observations support the notion of ‘self-similarity’ among the mesoscale convective systems and large-scale waves.
Mutual recognition of qualifications, health workforce migration, and graduate outcomes: a comparative mapping study of undergraduate dental education in Europe
Authors: Bryce Marie , Hanks Sally , Burns Lorna , Zahra Daniel , Gale Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The resource needs of health services are served by the recognition of qualifications across borders which allows professionals to migrate between countries. The movement of dentists across the European Union (EU), especially into the United Kingdom (UK), has provided a valuable boost to workforce supply. Recent policy changes have brought attention to the equivalence of qualifications awarded in EU countries. Professional regulators need to be confident that dentists who qualified elsewhere have the appropriate knowledge, skills and experience in order to practise safely and effectively. The aim of this study was to compare UK and EU dental curricula, identify any differences, and compare the extent of pre-qualification clinical experience.
Methods
This was a mixed methods study comprising a questionnaire and website searches in order identify information about curricula, competences, and quality assurance arrangements in each country. The questionnaire was sent to organisations responsible for regulating dental education or dental practice in EU member states. This was supplemented with information obtained from website searches of stakeholder organisations for each country including regulators, professional associations, ministries, and providers of dental education. A map of dental training across the EU was created.
Results
National learning outcomes for dental education were identified for seven countries. No national outcomes were identified 13 countries, therefore learning outcomes were mapped at institution level only. No information about learning outcomes was available for six countries. In one country, there is no basic dental training. Clinical skills and communication were generally well represented. Management and leadership were less represented. Only eight countries referenced a need for graduates to be aware of their own limitations. In most countries, quality assurance of dental education is not undertaken by dental organisations, but by national quality assurance agencies for higher education. In many cases, it was not possible to ascertain the extent of graduates’ direct clinical experience with patients.
Conclusions
The findings demonstrate considerable variation in learning outcomes for dental education between countries and institutions in Europe. This presents a challenge to decision-makers responsible for national recognition and accreditation of diverse qualifications in order to maintain a safe, capable, international workforce; but one that this comparison of programmes helps to address.
Population dynamics of Cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora on exotic flowering leguminous plant Gliricidia sepium
Authors: phuge samadhan , Satpute Priyanka , Torawane Sarika , Wankhade Varsha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Insect-plant interaction may have several unpredictable consequences, especially invasive, non-native plants in novel habitats beyond their original distribution. During flowering season of invasive Maxican Lilac (Gliricidia sepium) leguminous plant, Cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) attacks, populate, and excrete sticky secretion which could have inhibitory effect on both animals and plants. We studied population dynamics of different stages of A. craccivora on trunk, leaves, and different parts of flowers (corolla, calyx, and peduncle). Our observations revealed that during peak infection, large nymphs populate all studied plant parts except corolla. Small nymphs dominated corolla while the number of apterous, parthenogenetic females was constant on all plant parts. Apterous females were dominantly present on trunk. Winged adults were present on all plant parts in small proportion (3.34–5.51%). Results of the present study suggest that during peak infection proportion of small and large nymphs dominate the growing parts in inflorescence. Parthenogenetic females might be preferring corolla as oviposition sites. Results of the study will be helpful in understanding aphid and invasive pant interactions and their consequences.
Molecular Identification of Cassava Arthropod Pest Complex in the Philippines
Authors: Guerrero Michelle Solleza , Laquinta Janice F. , Ardez Karen P. , de Roxas Maureen Ceres dL. , Kahayon Cloe P. , Cayabyab Bonifacio F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cassava productivity is severely affected by arthropod pests, which cause damage through feeding and vector transmission. The complex nature of these pests, with morphologically similar species and small sizes, presents challenges in accurately identifying and implementing effective control measures. Accurate identification of arthropod pests infesting cassava in the field is crucial for successful pest management and mitigating the risk of introducing exotic pests through cassava trade and changing climate conditions. Thus, we employed DNA barcoding to generate genetic barcodes of the cassava arthropod pest complex found in major cassava growing areas in the Philippines. Identification to species level was achieved using molecular works with prior morphological identification. Molecular identification offers accurate species resolution of the cassava pest complex even at immature stages, typically hard to identify.
The high impact of zinc chromium oxide nanocombs on development of larvicidal and antimicrobial performance
Authors: Elhalaby Wageha , Elshanawany Soad A. , Otaif Khadejah D. , khalifa Mona , Elgazzar Elsayed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Zinc chromium oxide (Cr/ZnO, 5wt.%) was prepared by a facile chemical co-precipitation route. The structure, composition, and chemical bonding were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicating that chromium ions were integrated the host framework to form Cr/ZnO nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed comb-shaped nanoparticles with an average size 20 nm and large surface area. The energy gap of the thin films was estimated from T% and R% measurements which exhibit a strong optical absorption edge close to the visible spectrum. The insecticidal activity of the synthesized nanocombs against C. pipiens larvae was evaluated with LC50 (30.15 ppm) and LC90 (100.22 ppm). Besides, the nanocomposite showed high antibacterial performance against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacteria (Proteus vulgaris) with inhibition zones 21.9 and 19 mm, respectively.
Macrophyte assisted phytoremediation and toxicological profiling of metal(loid)s laden water is influenced by hydraulic retention time.
Authors: Khan Aqib Hassan Ali , Soto Alberto , Rad Carlos , Curiel-Alegre Sandra , Rumbo Carlos , Velasco-Arroyo Blanca , De Wilde Herwig , Pérez-de-Mora Alfredo , Martel-Martín Sonia , Barros Rocío 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The present study reports the findings related to the treatment of a polluted groundwater using macrophyte assisted phytoremediation. The potential of three macrophyte species (including Phragmites australis, Scirpus holoschoenus, and Typha angustifolia) to tolerate exposure to multi-metal(loid) polluted groundwater was first evaluated in mesocosms for 7- and 14-days hydraulic retention time (HRT), respectively. The results of this initial macrophytes’ biochemical screening indicated that the selected plants were more metal(loid)-tolerant when an HRT of 14 days was applied. Based on these findings, the plants were exposed to greater HRT regimes of 15 and 30 days. The results showed that P. australis and S. holoschoenus performed better than T. angustifolia in terms of metal(loid) accumulation and removal, biomass production, and toxicity reduction. In addition, the translocation and compartmentalization of metal(loid)s were dose dependent. At 30-day loading rate (higher HRT), below-ground phytostabilization was larger than phytoaccumulation, whereas at 15-day loading rate (lower HRT) below- and above-ground phytoaccumulation was the dominant metal(loid) removal mechanism. Yet, higher levels of toxicity were noted in the water at 15-day loading rate. Overall, our study provides valuable insights for macrophyte assisted phytoremediation of polluted (ground)water streams that can help to improve the design and implementation of phytoremediation systems.
A hyper-redundant robot based on variable cross-section design
Authors: Zheng Jianxiao , Wu Yutong , Liu Jinsong , Zhang Jinhua , zhou liming , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

A variable-section design for hyper-redundant robots is proposed in this paper. In industrial development, especially in the aerospace industry, nuclear industry, and medical field, where traditional rigid linkage robots are not sufficiently adapted to the working environment such as narrow and complex space and high-risk working space, and the stiffness of hyper-redundant robots with equal cross-section is insufficient. In aim to solve this problem, a hyper-redundant robot using variable cross-section design method and decoupled motion control method is proposed in this paper. The simulation results show that the variable section design has good mechanical properties and the trajectory planning meets the requirements. A prototype machine was manufactured to verify its design. Equipped with a nozzle at the end of the robot and completed disinfection operations, shows the robot was capable of completing various tasks as a platform. The research results will provide a new theoretical basis for the design of hyper-redundancy.
Neuro-fuzzy Approach for the Analysis of Aids/hiv Transmission Through Needles Sharing
Authors: Sharma Sudheer Kumar , Jain Madhu , Sharma G. C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
HIV, which causes AIDS, has infected millions of women, men and children in developed and developing countries. It is noticed that second most serious transmission mode of HIV is the use of unsterilized needles. If one user has HIV, the small amount of blood, which he or she leaves in the needle or syringe, and the same is used for the next user then this small amount of blood goes into the bloodstream of the user, who may also get HIV. This mode involves many complexities due to the magnitude and extent of the needles used by persons of all age groups. The present study is focused on the simple stochastic model for spreading the HIV virus through needle-sharing. The aim of this study is to determine the probability of HIV infection due to the use of clinical injections by using stochastic techniques as well as by neuro-fuzzy approach. The analytical expression for the probability of needle infection is derived. The analytical results are compared with results obtained by neuro-fuzzy techniques.
Evaluating what’s valued – uncovering the value elements of food and their importance for German food providers
Authors: Brumm Alexander , Fukushi Kensuke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The goal of this study was to derive an extensive and empirically practical view on what value elements can be associated with food products. We therefore systemically assessed a variety of established frameworks across disciplines, creating a list of 48 value elements spanning the four overarching value dimensions environmental, societal, health, and personal of the Food Value Framework (FVF). To add an initial empirical validation to this theoretically derived list, we pilot tested the scope and comprehensiveness of the value elements with an online survey comprising 29 participants from the German food and agriculture sector. Respondents were asked to further rate the importance of the presented value elements to create a detailed ranking, the results of which will be analysed and discussed in the following.
Not gone with the wind: 9,500-year sediment record of Arctic storminess favors internal climate control
Authors: Stachowska-Kamińska Zofia , Bilt Willem van der , Strzelecki Mateusz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The Arctic is rapidly losing its sea ice cover while the region warms faster than anywhere else on Earth. As larger areas become ice-free for longer, winds strengthen and interact more with open waters. Higher waves can increase coastal erosion and flooding, threatening communities and releasing permafrost carbon. However, the future trajectory of these changes remains poorly understood as instrumental observations and geological archives remain rare and short. Here, we address this critical knowledge by presenting the first continuous Holocene-length reconstruction of Arctic wind and wave strength using coastal lake sediments from Svalbard. Exposed to both polar Easterlies and Westerly storm tracks, sheltered by a bedrock barrier, and subjected to little post-glacial uplift, our study site provides a uniquely stable baseline to assess long-term changes in the region's dominant wind systems. To do so with high precision, we rely on multiple independent lines of proxy evidence for wind- and wave-blown sediment input. Our reconstructions reveal quasi-cyclic wind maxima during regional cold periods, and therefore challenge the prevalent view that a warmer less icy future Arctic will be stormier.
The role of neutrophil heterogeneity on T-cell immunity and prognosis in thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Kang Yea Eun , Lee Seong Eun , Koo Bon Seok , Sun Pureum , Yi Shinae , Choi Na Rae , Kim Seon-Young , Kim Seon-Kyu , Park Seongyeol , Lakhani Aliya , O'Keeffe Samantha , Park Junyoung O. , Kang Da Hyun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Neutrophil heterogeneity is involved in autoimmune diseases, sepsis, and several cancers. However, the link between neutrophil heterogeneity and T-cell immunity in thyroid cancer is incompletely understood. We investigated the circulating neutrophil heterogeneity in 3 undifferentiated thyroid cancer (UTC), 14 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) (4 Stage IV, 10 Stage I-II), and healthy controls (n=10) by transcriptomic data and cytometry. Participants with UTC had a significantly higher proportion of immature high-density neutrophils (HDN) and lower proportion of mature HDN in peripheral blood compared to DTC. The proportion of circulating PD-L1+ immature neutrophils were significantly increased in advanced cancer patients. Unsupervised analysis of transcriptomics data from circulating HDN revealed downregulation of innate immune response and T cell receptor signaling pathway in cancer patients. Moreover, UTC patients revealed the upregulation of glycolytic process and glutamate receptor signaling pathway. Comparative analysis across tumor types and stages revealed the downregulation of various T cell related pathways, such as T cell receptor signaling pathway and T cell proliferation in advanced cancer patients. Moreover, the proportions of CD8+ and CD4+ T effector memory CD45RA+ (TEMRA) cells from peripheral blood were significantly decreased in UTC patients compared to DTC patients. Finally, we demonstrated that proportions of tumor infiltrated neutrophils were increased and related with poor prognosis in advanced thyroid cancer using data from our RNA-seq and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data. In conclusion, observed prevalence of circulating immature high-density neutrophils and their immunosuppressive features in undifferentiated thyroid cancers underscore the importance of understanding neutrophil dynamics in the context of tumor progression in thyroid cancer.
Structure and engineering of Brevibacillus laterosporus Cas9
Authors: Nureki Osamu , Nakane Toshihiro , Nakagawa Ryoya , Ishiguro Soh , Mori Hideto , Yachie Nozomy , Okazaki Sae , Yamashita Keitaro , Nishimasu Hiroshi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The RNA-guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 cleaves double-stranded DNA targets complementary to an RNA guide, and is widely used as a powerful genome-editing tool. Here, we report the crystal structure of Brevibacillus laterosporus Cas9 (BlCas9), a compact Cas9 comparable to versatile Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9), in complex with a guide RNA and its target DNA at 2.4-Å resolution. The structure reveals that the BlCas9 guide RNA adopts an unexpected architecture containing a triple-helix, which is specifically recognized by BlCas9. BlCas9 recognizes a unique N4CNDN protospacer adjacent motif through base-specific interactions at the 5th C:G base pair on both the target and non-target DNA strands. Based on the structure, we rationally engineered a BlCas9 variant that exhibits enhanced genome- and base-editing activities with an expanded target scope in human cells. This approach may further improve the performance of the enBlCas9 variant to generate useful genome-editing tools that require only a single C PAM nucleotide and can be packaged into a single AAV vector for in vivo gene therapy.
Divergent drivers of the spatial variabilities in CO2, CH4, N2O, and N2 concentrations along the Rhine river and the Mittelland canal in Germany
Authors: Mwanake Ricky Mwangada , Imhof Hannes , Kiese Ralf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Lotic ecosystems transversing mixed land-use landscapes are sources of GHGs to the atmosphere, but their emissions are uncertain due to longitudinal GHG heterogeneities. In this study, we quantified summer CO2, CH4, N2O, and N2 concentrations, as well as several water quality parameters along the Rhine river and the Mittelland canal, two critical inland waterways in Germany. Our main objectives were to compare GHG concentrations along the two ecosystems and to determine the main driving factors responsible for their longitudinal heterogeneities. The results indicated that GHGs in the two ecosystems were up to three orders of magnitude oversaturated relative to equilibrium concentrations, particularly in the Mittelland canal, a hotspot for CH4 and N2O concentrations. We also found significant longitudinal variabilities in % GHG saturations along the mainstems of both ecosystems (CV = 26 – 98 %), with the highest variability recorded for CH4 concentrations in the Mittelland canal, suggesting that single GHG measurements along large lotic ecosystems are unrepresentative of entire reaches. However, these significant longitudinal GHG heterogeneities were driven by divergent drivers between the two lotic ecosystems. Within the Canal, longitudinal CO2 and CH4 hotspots were linked to external inflows of the GHGs from surrounding WWTPs. Contrastingly, harbors and in-situ biogeochemical processes such as methanogenesis and respiration explained CH4 and CO2 hotspots along the Rhine river. In contrast, N2O was strongly linked to N2 concentrations, with a negative relationship in the Rhine river and a positive relationship in the Mittelland canal. Based on these N2 relationships, we hypothesized that denitrification drove N2O hotspots in the Canal, while coupled N-fixation and nitrification accounted for N2O hotspots in the Rhine. This finding stresses the need to include N2 concentration measurements in GHG sampling campaigns, as it has the potential to determine whether nitrogen is fixed through N-fixation or lost through denitrification.