bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLANT COMMUNITY CHANGE ACROSS THE PALEOCENE–EOCENE BOUNDARY IN THE GULF COASTAL PLAIN, CENTRAL TEXAS
Authors: WAGNER JENNIFER D. , PEPPE DANIEL J. , O’KEEFE JENNIFER M. K. , DENISON CHRISTOPHER N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Long-term global warming during the early Paleogene was punctuated by several short-term ‘hyperthermal’ events, the most pronounced being the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). During this long-term warming, tropical climates expanded into extra-tropical areas, creating a widespread band of thermophilic flora that reached into the paratropics, possibly as far north as mid-latitude North America in some regions. Relatively little is known about these paratropical floras, despite distribution across the North American Gulf Coastal Plain. We assess floras from the Gulf Coastal Plain in Central Texas before and after the Paleocene–Eocene boundary to define plant ecosystem changes associated with rapid global warming in this region. After the Paleocene–Eocene boundary, these floras suggest uniform plant communities across the Gulf Coastal Plain, but with high turnover rate and changes in community composition. Paleoecology and paleoclimate assessments from Central Texas Paleocene and Eocene floras suggest a warm and wet environment, indicative of tropical seasonal forest to tropical rainforest biomes. Fossil evidence from the Gulf Coastal Plain combined with the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming data suggest that early Paleogene warming helped create a paratropical belt that extended into mid-latitudes. Evaluating the response of fossil plant communities to rapid global warming has important implications for understanding and preparing for current global warming and climate change.
Consumption patterns in prehistoric Europe are consistent with modern behaviour
Authors: Ialongo Nicola , Lago Giancarlo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Have humans always sold and purchased things? This seemingly trivial question exposes one of the most conspicuous blind spots in our understanding of cultural evolution: the emergence of what we perceive today as basic economic behaviour. Here we test the hypothesis that consumption patterns in prehistoric Europe can be explained by standard economic theory, predicting that consumption is log-normally distributed and correlated to supply, demand and income. We identify metal fragments as money, address the statistical distribution of their mass values as a proxy of consumption, and observe that starting c. 1,500 BCE they become log-normally distributed. We simulate two alternative scenarios and find that 1) the null-hypothesis that random behaviour can produce log-normal distributions is inconsistent with the archaeological data, and 2) the highest consistency is obtained by modelling consumption as correlated to supply. We find no evidence that prehistoric economic behaviour was substantially different from modern behaviour.
ZnO/Chitosan Nanocomposite: Ecofriendly Biosynthesis, Characterization and Application for the Removal of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) from Wastewater
Authors: Ali Samah , Dayo Marwa , Alahmadi Sana , Mohamed Amr 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The bio-based ZnO/Chitosan nanocomposite was successfully biosynthesized by an easy, cost-effective, ecofriendly method using Chicory (Cichorium Intybus) plant extract. The synthesis was confirmed using uv-vis spectrometry which showed a SPR band at λmax of 380 nm, and the surface of the material was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy which identified the material, and finally by scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of Chitosan biopolymer (CS). The synthesized nanocomposite was applied in the adsorptive removal of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) traces from wastewater by using batch technique. The removal capacity was studied under several adjustable conditions including pH, contact time, dose of adsorbent, and capacity of the drug. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to describe of the adsorption process, and also by different kinetic models. Thermodynamic studies have been also carried out. The results were comparable to other adsorbents.
Antioxidant Capacity, in Silico Study and Histological Effects of Orange Peel on Obese Wistar Rats
Authors: Berroukeche Farid , Malti Nassima , Touil amina , Didi Amel , Mebarki Abdelouahab , Merzouk Hafida 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Citrus peel is an industrial by-product, and it is far from being considered as waste. It is an inexhaustible source of bioactive substances, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, and tannins. For this purpose, we evaluated the biological activities of Citrus sinensis peel based on four parameters: HPLC phytochemical analysis, antioxidant properties (DPPH, FRAP), in vivo histology, and in silico modelling. In fact, in vivo study was designed as follows: adult male Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I: served as a control, group II: received 10% of orange peel, group III: received an obesogene diet (20% corn oil), group IV: received (20% corn oil, eight weeks + 10% of orange peel as corrective diet, four weeks), and group V: received (20% corn oil + 10% of orange peel protective diet). After 12 weeks, the liver, kidney, pancreas, and thyroid were removed for histology examination. Additionally, docking modelling was performed using Molecular Operating Environment software (MOE) to predict the interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with agonist ligands. Results revealed that methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts presented a high level of significant activity, respectively, in the DPPH and FRAP tests. Histology demonstrated that 10% of Citrus sinensis peel had a protective effect on the liver and possessed a hypothyroid effect on obese rats. In-silico data, illustrated that the complex of quercetin, (-)-epicatechin, and (+)-epicatechin with the target protein did not match with control at the binding site, suggesting that these docked ligands may play an antagonist action mode against thyroid hormone. To sum up, orange peels could be beneficial or harmful, depending on the drive and methods used.
VLDLR mediates alphavirus neuroinvasion through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Authors: Martikainen Miika , Lugano Roberta , Pietilä Ilkka , Brosch Sofie , Cabrolier Camille , Sivaramakrishnam Aishwarya , Ramachandran Mohanraj , Yu Di , Dimberg Anna , Essand Magnus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is a neuropathogenic alphavirus which is of interest both as a model neurotropic alphavirus and as an oncolytic virus with proven potency in preclinical cancer models. The route of central nervous system (CNS) entrance of SFV is poorly understood but has been considered to occur through the blood-brain barrier. Here, we show that SFV primarily enters the CNS through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and that VLDLR is crucial in enabling SFV infection of the choroid plexus epithelial cells.
SHAP Explanations for Multimodal Text-Tabular Models
Authors: Burton James , Moubayed Noura Al 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Research on model transparency has remained relatively limited within the growing field of multimodal machine learning, particularly with text-tabular datasets. To address this research gap, we present a novel multimodal masking framework that extends SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to text-tabular datasets. This framework, which we make publicly available, enables the generation of SHAP explanations for any text-tabular dataset using any combination method. By masking features according to their modality, our framework ensures that features are treated consistently across unimodal and multimodal settings. Furthermore, by deferring the model input formation until after the masking call, we make the framework agnostic to how the input is formatted, avoiding the issues that arise when pre-forming the data into text and applying the existing text masker. In an extensive study, we examine the impact that combination strategies and language models have on SHAP explanations. Notably, the choice of combination method considerably influences the features identified as most important by the model. Furthermore, our findings reveal that methods converting all input to text tend to assign greater relative importance to text features over tabular features.
The effect of plant and animal-derived dietary oil supplementation on the reproduction performance of Dohne Merino ewes and the growth performance of their offspring
Authors: Sedupane Tebogo A , Roux Rina-Mari Le , Fourie Pieter J , Sedumedi Tshepiso A , Einkamerer Ockert B , O'Neill Hester A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The effect of different dietary oils on ewe reproductive performance and lamb growth was investigated. Fifty-second parity Dohne Merino ewes (body condition score 3.5±0.4) were randomly divided into five groups of ten each. Ewes received 30 ml of sunflower- or olive- or fish- or palm oil. The control group received no oil. Ewes received oils before and after laparoscopic artificial insemination (LAI). Two weeks after LAI, follow-up rams were introduced. Mean conception and lambing rates were 88%. Ewes that received olive oil had the highest conception rate and lambing rate of 100% but did not differ (P>0.05) from other groups (sunflower- 90%, fish- 90%, palm- 70% and control group 90%). The control group had the shortest gestation length (150 days). The gestation lengths of sunflower-, olive-, fish- and palm oil were 153, 156, 155, and 156 days. Birth weights of female lambs from control, sunflower-, olive-, fish- and palm oil were 5.41 ± 0.87, 5.70 ± 0.61, 5.8 ± 0.70, 5.8 ± 0.74 and 4.9 ± 0.50 kg (no difference between groups). The birth weights of male lambs from control, sunflower-, olive-, fish- and palm oil were 5.6 ± 1.19, 4.85 ± 0.70, 5.6 ± 0.84, 5.5 ± 0.49 and 5.4 ± 0.33 (no difference between groups). Weaning weights for male lambs were (28.8 ± 4.93, 25.5 ± 8.13, 29.0 ± 4.88, 30.2 ± 4.59, 28.8 ± 5.03) and female lambs were (28.5 ± 4.58, 28.3 ± 3.81, 25.8 ± 6.93, 28.9 ± 4.51, 27.6 ± 2.46), no difference between groups.
Global vulnerability and resilience of coastal ecosystems to tropical cyclones in a warming climate
Authors: Kropf Chahan , Vaterlaus Lisa , Bresch David , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Coastal ecosystems are recognized to provide a large range of services including erosion prevention, clean water provision, or protection from tropical cyclones storms. However, with climate change, the increase in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones may alter the composition of the ecosystems themselves potentially degrading the various services they provide. While in general ecosystems are adapted to external perturbations, extreme events can promote rapid and durable shifts. In this study, we quantify the vulnerability of all ecosystems described as ecoregions at a global scale by analyzing the wind fields of tropical cyclones generated from probabilistic historical tracks. We then investigate how tropical cyclone intensity and frequency shifting in a warming climate might lead to ecosystem modifications. We show that a combined 13% of the surface of all terrestrial ecosystems is susceptible to transformation due to cyclone pattern changes between 2020 and 2050 under current policies. Even for the most resilient ecosystems already experiencing winds above 60 m/s regularly, the average interval between two storms is projected to decrease from 19 to 12 years which is potentially close to their recovery time. Our global probabilistic approach being embedded in the established IPCC climate risk frameworks enables the study of a broad temporal range, and advocates for a shift in the consideration of the tropical cyclone impact from immediate damage to effects on long-term natural recovery cycles.
Sarcopenia worsening after transarterial radioembolization with Holmium-166 predicts progressive disease in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Trobiani Claudio , Ubaldi Nicolò , Teodoli Leonardo , Cappelli Federico , Ungania Sara , Vallati Giulio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
To investigate the association between changes in sarcopenia before and after one-three months of Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) treatment with Holmium-166 (166Ho) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its impact on the rate of local response.
Methods:
A retrospective single center analysis was conducted on 20 HCC patients who underwent 166Ho-TARE. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the change in psoas muscle index (PMI) measured at the time of TARE and one-three months after: No-Sarcopenia group (deltaPMI stable or increased; n = 9) and Sarcopenia group (deltaPMI decreased; n = 7). DeltaPMI was associated to the local response rate, according to mRECIST criteria.
Results:
DeltaPMI was evaluated according to mRECIST criteria: non-responder group (standard and progression disease) and responder group (complete response or partial response).
Three months after TARE, a significant difference in sarcopenia status was observed (p = 0.041), with a median deltaPMI of -0.57 in the non-responder and 0.12 in the responder group. DeltaPMI measured three months after TARE can be considered as a predictive biomarker of the local response rate (p=0.028).
Conclusion:
Sarcopenia deterioration at three months from TARE with Holmium-166 is a reliable predictor of worse loco-regional response rate, evaluated radiologically, in HCC patients.
Coupling analysis of public health resource allocation and economic growth with spatial-temporal variation: a case study in China 2017- 2021
Authors: Mao Xiuhua , Xie Jiamei , Lin Xiaodan , Jia Mingfang , Yao Weiguang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background China currently faces a formidable challenge regarding the inadequate and uneven allocation of resources in the public health sector. The increasing impact of economic and health crises stemming from public health emergencies highlights the crucial relationship between public health resource allocation (PHRA) and economic growth (EG). This study sought to investigate the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) and the spatiotemporal variations between PHRA and EG, expecting to provide guidance for future public health and economic resource allocation and development planning.Methods By establishing a comprehensive evaluation-indexing system, we applied the polar, entropy, and linear weighting methods to calculate the comprehensive indices of PHRA and EG from 2017 to 2021. Subsequently, we empirically evaluated the CCD using the CCM model. Trend surface analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis were employed to assess the spatiotemporal variations of the CCD.Results The comprehensive indices for PHRA, EG, and the CCD exhibited a gradual upward trend from 2017 to 2021, although most provinces remained in the basically balanced or moderate unbalanced stage. In the eastern region, coordinated development was hindered primarily due to lagging HPAG, while the central and western regions faced challenges due to lower levels of EG. Furthermore, we observed significant spatial heterogeneity in the CCD, reflecting a stable pattern of "high in the East and low in the West, high in the South and low in the North", with a growing gap between southern and northern regions. Additionally, the CCD transitioned from a random distribution to spatial clustering, with hot and cold spot areas centered around the Yangtze Plain and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Notably, areas with hotspots exhibited remarkable spatial diffusion effects.Conclusion The PHRA and EG have not achieved a high-quality coordination stage and remain out of sync across provinces. Moreover, substantial disparities and reinforced spatial agglomeration patterns were observed in the CCD. Consequently, it is imperative to implement additional administrative measures to promote both PHRA and EG. Tailored policies considering regional characteristics should also be implemented to bridge development gaps between regions, considering the spatial differences and correlations among them to optimize the spatial linkage environment.
Triazenolysis of Alkenes: Aza-version of Ozonolysis
Authors: Gandelman Mark , Koronatov Aleksandr , Sakharov Pavel , Kaushansky Alexander , Fridman Natalia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Numerous applications of alkenes exist due to their abundance and versatility in chemical transformations. In this study, we present a unique and novel chemical transformation of alkenes, the aza-version of canonical ozonolysis reaction, which we termed as triazenolysis. This process offers a non-trivial and previously unfeasible synthetic disconnection, allowing the cleavage of a C=C double bond into two new C-N bonds in a reductive manner. We carefully examined the applicability of the reaction, finding that diverse cyclic alkenes are suitable for the developed process. Furthermore, we present an example of an acyclic alkene, illustrating the potential for expanding triazenolysis to other acyclic counterparts. Through DFT calculations, we explored the mechanism of the key step and demonstrated the significance of Lewis acid catalysis in achieving the desired transformation.
Morphological Entropy Encodes Cellular Migration Strategies on Multiple Length Scales
Authors: Liu Yanping , Jiao Yang , Fan Qihui , Li Xinwei , Liu Zhichao , Hu Jun , Liu Liyu , Shuai Jianwei , Li Zhangyong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for numerous physiological and pathological processes. A cell adapts its morphology, including the overall and nuclear morphology, in response to various cues in complex microenvironments, such as topotaxis and chemotaxis during migration. Thus, the dynamics of cellular morphology can encode migration strategies, from which diverse migration mechanisms can be inferred. However, deciphering the mechanisms behind cell migration encoded in morphology dynamics remains a challenging problem. Here, we present a novel universal metric, the Cell Morphological Entropy (CME), developed by combining parametric morphological analysis with Shannon entropy. The utility of CME, which accurately quantifies the complex cellular morphology at multiple length scales through the deviation from a perfectly circular shape, is illustrated using a variety of normal and tumor cell lines in different in vitro microenvironments. Our results show how geometric constraints affect the MDA-MB-231 cell nucleus, the emerging interactions of MCF-10A cells migrating on collagen gel, and the critical transition from proliferation to invasion in tumor spheroids. The analysis demonstrates that the CME-based approach provides an effective and physically interpretable tool to measure morphology in real time across multiple length scales. It provides deeper insight into cell migration and contributes to the understanding of different behavioral modes and collective cell motility in more complex microenvironments.
Laser harmonic generation with independent control of frequency and orbital angular momentum
Authors: Trines Raoul , Schmitz Holger , King Martin , McKenna Paul , Bingham Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The non-linear laser-driven process of high harmonic generation (HHG) enables the creation of high quality pulses of extreme-UV and X-ray radiation, which have many potential uses at the frontiers of experimental science, ranging from lensless microscopy to ultrafast metrology and chiral science. Although many of the promising applications are enabled by generating harmonic modes with orbital angular momentum (OAM), independent control of the harmonic frequency and OAM level remains elusive. Here we show, through a novel theoretical approach, validated with 3D simulations, how unique 2-D harmonic progressions can be obtained, with both frequency and OAM level tuned independently, from tailored structured targets in both reflective and transmissive configurations. Through preferential selection of a subset of harmonic modes with a specific OAM value, a controlled frequency comb of circularly polarised harmonics can be produced. This new approach to describe HHG, which simplifies both the theoretical predictions and the analysis of the harmonic spectrum, is directly applicable across the full range of HHG mechanisms and can be readily applied to investigations of OAM harmonics in other processes, such as OAM cascades in Raman amplification, or the analysis of harmonic progressions in nonlinear optics.
Stress-activated brain-gut circuits disrupt intestinal barrier integrity and social behaviour
Authors: Russo Scott , Chan Kenny , Li Long , Parise Lyonna , Cathomas Flurin , LeClair Katherine , Shimo Yusuke , Lin Hsiao-yun , Cuttoli Romain Durand-de , Aubry Antonio , Alvarez Johana , Drescher Tory , Osman Aya , Yuan Chongzhen , Fisher-Foye Rachel , Price Gabrielle , Schmitt Yasemin , Kaster Manuella , Furtado Glaucia C. , Lira Sergio , Wang Jun , Han Wenfei , de Araujo Ivan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chronic stress underlies the etiology of both major depressive disorder (MDD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), two highly prevalent and debilitating conditions with high rates of co-morbidity. However, it is not fully understood how the brain and gut bi-directionally communicate during stress to impact intestinal homeostasis and stress-relevant behaviours. Using the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model, we find that stressed mice display greater intestinal permeability and circulating levels of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to unstressed control (CON) mice. Interestingly, the microbiota in the colon also exhibit elevated LPS biosynthesis gene expression following CSDS. Additionally, CSDS triggers an increase in pro-inflammatory colonic IFNγ+ Th1 cells and a decrease in IL4+ Th2 cells compared to CON mice, and this gut inflammation contributes to stress-induced intestinal barrier permeability and social avoidance behaviour. We next investigated the role of enteric neurons and identified that noradrenergic dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH)+ neurons in the colon are activated by CSDS, and that their ablation protects against gut pathophysiology and disturbances in social behaviour. Retrograde tracing from the colon identified a population of corticotropin-releasing hormone-expressing (CRH+) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) that innervate the colon and are activated by stress. Chemogenetically activating these PVH CRH+ neurons is sufficient to induce gut inflammation, barrier permeability, and social avoidance behaviour, while inhibiting these cells prevents these effects following exposure to CSDS. Thus, we define a stress-activated brain-to-gut circuit that confers colonic inflammation, leading to impaired intestinal barrier function, and consequent behavioural deficits.