bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor and thrombin induced proliferation of immortalized human keratinocytes is coupled to the synthesis of Egr‐1, a zinc finger transcriptional regulator
Authors: Kaufmann Katrin , Thiel Gerald 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is highly expressed in HaCaT keratinocytes as shown by Western blotting. Stimulation of HaCaT cells with EGF, and also with the serine protease thrombin, induced DNA synthesis, measured by incorporation of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine into the DNA of proliferating cells. Using antibodies directed against the active form of the EGF receptor, we show that in HaCaT cells EGF and thrombin triggered a rapid activation of the EGF receptor, followed by the phosphorylation and activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK). Moreover, EGF and thrombin induced a transient synthesis of the zinc finger transcriptional regulator Egr‐1. Proliferation, activation of ERK, and biosynthesis of Egr‐1 was completely inhibited in EGF or thrombin‐treated HaCaT cells by the MAP kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 and by AG1487, an EGF receptor‐specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor. These data indicate that phosphorylation and activation of both the EGF receptor and ERK are essential for mitogenic signaling via EGF and thrombin. The synthesis of Egr‐1 in HaCaT cells as a result of EGF or thrombin stimulation suggests that Egr‐1 may be an important “late” part of the EGF and thrombin‐initiated signaling cascades. We postulate that Egr‐1 may function as a “third messenger” in keratinocytes connecting mitogenic stimulation with changes in gene transcription. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 381–391, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping of Sp1 regulation sites in the promoter of the human α1‐proteinase inhibitor gene
Authors: Maruyama Yasuhiro , Li Yuhong , Zhang Yan , Wang Xinping , Sugar Joel , Y.J.T. Yue Beatrice 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKeratoconus is a potentially blinding disease that thins the central cornea. In afflicted corneas, the level of an inhibitor, α1‐proteinase inhibitor (α1‐PI), is found reduced. An increased expression of transcription factor Sp1 is also demonstrated. To examine the role of Sp1 in regulation of the human α1‐PI gene, a 1.4‐kb (−1397/+9) 5′‐flanking promoter sequence that contains 10 Sp1 sites was cloned. Previous transient transfection experiments showed that Sp1 expression indeed repressed the α1‐PI promoter activity. In this study, 12 DNA segments, a series of 5′, 3′, and internal deletions of the 1.4‐kb α1‐PI promoter sequence, were ligated into the SEAP (secreted alkaline phosphatase) reporter gene vector and transfected into human corneal stromal cells. Co‐transfection with a Sp1 expression vector pPacSp1 was also performed in parallel. The SEAP enzyme activity was assayed. A fragment with 489 bp (−480/+9) of the 3′ sequence, and three fragments with internal deletions, were found to confer a majority of the full promoter activity. Other deletions significantly abolished the promoter activity. Site‐directed mutagenesis experiments further revealed that the most proximal Sp1 site (−100/−87) may be an essential element involved in the negative regulation of α1‐PI promoter activity by Sp1. Interaction between the proximal and distal Sp1 sites also seemed to be important. These results provide the first in‐depth characterization of the transcription mechanisms regulating the expression of α1‐PI. Mapping of the Sp1 sites may help elucidate the molecular pathway leading to the alterations observed in keratoconus. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 482–489, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zinc suppresses IL‐6 synthesis by prostaglandin F2α in osteoblasts: Inhibition of phospholipase C and phospholipase D
Authors: Hatakeyama Daijiro , Kozawa Osamu , Otsuka Takanobu , Shibata Toshiyuki , Uematsu Toshihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe previously reported that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) induces phosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase D through heterotrimeric GTP‐binding protein, resulting in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells and that PGF2α stimulates the synthesis of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) via PKC‐dependent p44/p42 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. In the present study, we investigated whether zinc affects the PGF2α‐induced IL‐6 synthesis in these cells. Zinc complex of l‐carnosine (l‐CAZ) dose‐dependently suppressed the PGF2α‐stimulated IL‐6 synthesis. In addition, zinc alone reduced the IL‐6 synthesis. L‐CAZ suppressed the PGF2α‐induced p44/p42 MAP kinase phosphorylation. However, the p44/p42 MAP kinase phosphorylation induced by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), a direct activator of PKC, or NaF, a direct activator of GTP‐binding protein, was not affected by l‐CAZ. l‐CAZ reduced the PGF2α‐stimulated formation of inositol phosphates and choline. However, l‐CAZ did not affect the formation of inositol phosphates or choline induced by NaF. These results strongly suggest that zinc reduces PGF2α‐induced IL‐6 synthesis via suppression of phosphoinositide‐hydrolyzing phospholipase C and phosphatidylcholine‐hydrolyzing phospholipase D in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 621–628, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human BMP‐7/OP‐1 induces the growth and differentiation of adipocytes and osteoblasts in bone marrow stromal cell cultures*
Authors: Chen Theresa L. , Shen Wen‐Jun , Kraemer Fredric B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe studied the effects of BMP‐7/OP‐1 on growth and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. BMS2, a mouse bone marrow stromal cell line capable of differentiating into adipocytes and osteoblasts, were treated in a serum‐free medium containing differentiation agents that favor the expression of both lineages. BMP‐7/ OP‐1 stimulated cell proliferation and differentiation concomitantly. These effects were dose‐ and growth phase‐dependent. Cells were more sensitive to the treatment early in the culture (30–40% confluence) with a significant increase in cell proliferation and markers of differentiation at low concentrations. When treated later in the growth phase (90–100% confluence), no significant increase in cell proliferation was seen. The concentration requirement for cells later in the culture to reach an equivalent degree of differentiation was 3–10‐ fold higher than for cells treated early. In both cases, the effects on adipocyte differentiation were biphasic; low concentrations stimulated adipocyte differentiation which was inhibited at higher concentrations where stimulation of osteoblast markers were observed. We conclude that cell proliferation and cell differentiation into adipocyte/osteoblast can occur simultaneously under BMP‐7/OP‐1 treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 187–199, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcellular distribution of native estrogen receptor α and β isoforms in rabbit uterus and ovary
Authors: Monje Paula , Boland Ricardo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe association of estrogen receptors with non‐nuclear/cytoplasmic compartments in target tissues has been documented. However, limited information is available on the distribution of estrogen receptor isoforms, specially with regard to the newly described β isotype. The subcellular localization of estrogen receptor α and β isoforms was investigated in rabbit uterus and ovary. Native α and β subtypes were immunodetected using specific antibodies after subjecting the tissue to fractionation by differential centrifugation. The ovary expressed α and β estrogen receptors in predominant association to cytosolic components. However, in the uterus, a substantial proportion of the total estrogen binding capacity and coexpression of the two isoforms was detected in mitochondria and microsomes. The mitochondrial‐enriched subfraction represented an important source of 17β‐estradiol binding, where the steroid was recognized in a stereospecific and high affinity manner. The existence of mitochondrial and membrane estrogen binding sites correlated with the presence of estrogen receptor α but mainly with estrogen receptor β proteins. Using macromolecular 17β‐estradiol derivatives in Ligand Blot studies, we could confirm that both α and β isoforms were expressed as the major estrogen binding proteins in the uterus, while estrogen receptor α was clearly the dominant isoform in the ovary. Other low molecular weight estrogen receptor α‐like proteins were found to represent an independent subpopulation of uterine binding sites, expressed to a lesser extent. This differential cellular partitioning of estrogen receptor α and β forms may contribute to the known diversity of 17β‐estradiol effects in target organs. Both estrogen receptor α and β expression levels and cellular localization patterns among tissues, add complexity to the whole estrogen signaling system, in which membrane and mitochondrial events could also be implicated. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:467–479, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accompanying coordinate expansion formulas derived with the solid harmonic gradient
Authors: Ishida Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of accompanying coordinate expansion (ACE) formulas for calculating the electron repulsion integral (ERI) over both generally and segmentally contracted solid harmonic (SH) Gaussian‐type orbitals (GTOs) can be rederived by the use of the modified operator (called solid harmonic gradient here) of the spherical tensor gradient of Bayman and the reducing solid harmonic gradient defined in this article. The final general formulas contain the reducing mixed solid harmonics defined in a previous article [Ishida, K. J Chem Phys 1999, 111, 4913] and the reducing triply mixed solid harmonics defined previously [Ishida, K. J Chem Phys 2000, 113, 7818]. Each general formula in the series is named ACEb1k1, ACEb2k3, or ACEb3k3. New general algorithm can be obtained inductively from the general formula named ACEb2k3, in addition to the previously developed ACEb1k1 and ACEb3k3. For calculating ERI practically, we select one of these ACE algorithms, as it gives the minimum floating‐point operation (FLOP) count. Theoretical assessment by the use of the FLOP count is performed for the (LL|LL) class of ERIs over both generally and segmentally contracted SH‐GTOs (L=1–3). It is found that the present ACE is theoretically the fastest among all rigorous methods in the literature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 378–393, 2002
Modeling aspects of mechanisms for reactions catalyzed by metalloenzymes
Authors: Siegbahn P. E. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDifferent models to treat metal‐catalyzed enzyme reactions are investigated. The test case chosen is the recently suggested full catalytic cycle of manganese catalase including eight different steps. This cycle contains OO and OH activations, as well as electron transfer steps and redox active reactions, and is therefore believed to be representative of many similar systems. Questions concerning modeling of ligands and the accuracy of the computational model are studied. Imidazole modeling of histidines are compared to ammonia modeling, and formate modeling compared to acetate modeling of glutamates. The basis set size required for the geometry optimization and for the final energy evaluation is also investigated. The adequacy of the model is judged in relation to the inherent accuracy achievable with the hybrid DFT method B3LYP. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1634–1645, 2001
Treating the bisexual client
Authors: Dworkin Sari H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTherapists, having recently come to terms with treating gay and lesbian clients, now must consider the issues that bisexual clients face. This article reviews the literature on what it means to identify as bisexual in a world where sexual identity is viewed as dichotomous, heterosexual at one end and gay or lesbian at the other end. The article explores sexual identity and its biological versus social origins, internalized biphobia, coming out, relationship patterns, and therapist issues. Two cases illustrate issues that might arise when a therapist is treating a bisexual client. The first case is a 17‐year‐old young woman who is accepting of her bisexual identity, and the second case is a 56‐year‐old woman, heterosexually identified and married, who suddenly fell in love with a woman. Concluding remarks focus on some future directions for research and work with bisexual clients. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 671–680, 2001.
Toward a community‐oriented action research framework for spirituality: Community psychological and theological perspectives
Authors: Dokecki Paul R. , Newbrough J.R. , O'Gorman Robert T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpirituality, once an old and honorable religious term for the “exploration into what is involved in becoming human” (McFague, 1997, p. 10), is ubiquitous in contemporary culture, albeit highly diverse and ambiguous in its usage. In our active interchange involving two community psychologists and a theologian—carried on in the spirit of Lewinian action research and pastoral theology's method of congregational studies— we have returned to that earlier tradition. We are developing a framework for spirituality encompassing human development and community development as two sides of the same coin. The framework provides a community‐oriented theoretical account of the dynamics of spirituality and a foundation for action research on the interrelationship of spirituality and community. We begin by describing the context for the development of the framework—the St. Robert project, a participant–observer action research and consultation project ongoing for more than ten years in a Roman Catholic parish. We then present the framework's elements and conclude by outlining an ongoing empirical inquiry at St. Robert into the nature of spirituality, which has implications for the field's address to the spiritual dimensions of personal and community experience, especially psychological sense of community. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Separation of isopropanol from aqueous solution by salting‐out extraction
Authors: Zhigang Tang , Rongqi Zhou , Zhanting Duan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel salting‐out extraction process has been developed to separate isopropanol from aqueous solution. Potassium carbonate was experimentally shown to be effective in modifying the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) of an isopropanol/water/hexane system in favour of the solvent extraction of isopropanol from an aqueous solution with hexane, particularly at suitable salt concentrations. Potassium carbonate enlarged the area of the two‐phase region. This effect essentially increased the distribution coefficient of isopropanol between hexane and water and increased the separation factor for isopropanol vs water, which is an important consideration in designing a solvent extraction process. The effects of potassium carbonate concentration, temperature and pH on the LLE were studied. Finally, a ϕ30 mm × 1200 mm reciprocating plate column (RPC) was tested to separate isopropanol from an aqueous solution. When isopropanol in an aqueous solution with composition of isopropanol/water = 1:0.95 (wt/wt) was extracted by hexane assisted with 30% (wt%) potassium carbonate aqueous solution, the alcohol–water ratio increased to 11:1 in the extract.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Post‐traumatic high‐flow priapism: Management by superselective transcatheter autologous clot embolization and duplex sonography–guided compression
Authors: Sancak Tanzer , Conkbayır Isık 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh‐flow priapism is caused by uncontrolled arterial inflow into the penis, often from direct arterial trauma. We report a case of arterial or high‐flow priapism that was treated with a combination of selective transcatheter autologous clot embolization and duplex sonography–guided compression therapy. Sonography showed a pulsatile, anechoic area at the base of the penis inside the left corpus cavernosum after blunt perineal trauma, and color Doppler examination revealed an arteriosinusoidal fistula. Autologous clot embolization was only partially successful, and 3 sessions of ultrasound‐guided compression therapy were necessary to achieve complete thrombus formation in the fistulous tract, which became isoechoic a day after compression therapy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:349–353, 2001.
Adrenomedullin and the integrative physiology of fluid and electrolyte balance
Authors: Taylor Meghan M. , Samson Willis K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdrenomedullin (AM) is hypothesized to be a physiologically relevant regulator in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. AM acts within the central nervous system to inhibit both water and salt intake. The peptide has direct actions in the hypothalamus to decrease vasopressin secretion and in the pituitary gland to inhibit ACTH release. AM decreases production and release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands and acts directly in the kidneys to increase renal blood flow and cause diuresis and natriuresis. Whether or not these complementary actions in brain, pituitary, adrenal gland, and kidney reflect coordinated regulatory mechanisms is currently unknown. Development of molecular tools to determine the physiologic role of endogenous AM will greatly enhance our understanding of AM and its regulation of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:105–109, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nervous system–derived chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans regulate growth cone morphology and inhibit neurite outgrowth: A light, epifluorescence, and electron microscopy study
Authors: Snow Diane M. , Mullins Nathan , Hynds Dianna L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProteoglycans influence aging and plasticity in the nervous system. Particularly prominent are the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which are generally inhibitory to neurite outgrowth. During development, CSPGs facilitate normal guidance, but following nervous system injury and in diseases of aging (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), they block successful regeneration, and are associated with axon devoid regions and degenerating nerve cells. Whereas previous studies used non‐nervous system sources of CSPGs, this study analyzed the morphology and behavior of sensory (dorsal root ganglia) neurons, and a human nerve cell model (SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells) as they contacted nervous system–derived CSPGs, using a variety of microscopy techniques. The results of these qualitative analyses show that growth cones of both nerve cell types contact CSPGs via actin‐based filopodia, sample the CSPGs repeatedly without collapse, and alter their trajectory to avoid nervous system–derived CSPGs. Turning and branching are correlated with increased filopodial sampling, and are common to both neurons and Schwann cells. We show that CSPG expression by rat CNS astrocytes in culture is correlated with sensory neuron avoidance. Further, we show for the first time the ultrastructure of sensory growth cones at a CSPG‐laminin border and reveal details of growth cone and neurite organization at this choice point. This type of detailed analysis of the response of growth cones to nervous system–derived CSPGs may lead to an understanding of CSPG function following injury and in diseases of aging, where CSPGs are likely to contribute to aberrant neurite outgrowth, failed or reduced synaptic connectivity, and/or ineffective plasticity. Microsc. Res. Tech. 54:273–286, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthases in experimental models of denervation and reinnervation
Authors: Tews Dominique S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a short‐living free molecule synthesized by three different isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (NOS)—neuronal NOS, endothelial NOS, and inducible NOS—associated with neuromuscular transmission, muscle contractility, mitochondrial respiration, and carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. Neuronal NOS is constitutively expressed at the muscle fiber sarcolemma linked to the dystrophin‐glycoprotein complex and concentrated at the neuromuscular endplate. There is increasing evidence that altered expression of neuronal NOS plays a role in muscle fiber damage in neuromuscular diseases such as dystrophinopathies and denervating disorders. Although there have been some previous conflicting results on the neuronal NOS expression pattern in denervated muscle fibers, it is now well established that denervation is associated with a down‐regulation and disappearance of sarcolemmal neuronal NOS at synaptic/extrasynaptic or both sites. As NO has been shown to induce collapse and growth arrest on neuronal growth cones, down‐regulation of sarcolemmal neuronal NOS may contribute to axonal regeneration and attraction to muscle fibers aiming at the formation of new motor endplates providing reinnervation and reconstitution of NOS expression. As NO serves as a retrograde messenger, it may trigger structural downstream events responsible for neuromuscular synaptogenesis and preventing polyneural innervation. Nevertheless, decreased NO production in denervation reduces the cytoprotective scavenger function of NO for superoxide anions promoting oxidative stress that is likely to be involved in muscle fiber damage and death. However, the multifaced role of NOS and NO under physiological and pathological conditions remains poorly understood on the basis of the current knowledge. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:181–186, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetics of mammalian sex determination: Some unloved exceptions
Authors: Mittwoch Ursula 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe genetics of sex determination is a child of the twentieth century, which overturned the previously held view that sex was determined by the environment. The last quarter of the century witnessed an active search for sex‐determining genes in mammals. Although successful, the modus operandi of these genes remained unknown, and the relationship between the sex‐determining systems of mammals and other vertebrates remained enigmatic. To overcome these problems, scientists in the 21st century should heed William Bateson’s counsel to treasure exceptions, for they point the way to progress. One exception to conventional concepts of sex determination is the bilaterally asymmetrical distribution of ovaries and testes in true hermaphroditism. Ovaries favour the left side in humans and the right side in mice. Observations suggesting that a reversal of asymmetry may occur with increasing organ size may point to a possible explanation. A reevaluation is also required regarding the beginning of sex differentiation, in view of mounting evidence of a sex difference in growth rates of early embryos. Another question to be settled is whether the function of SRY is confined to the fetal gonad. The recent demonstration that Sry induces cell proliferation in the fetal mouse gonad (Schmahl et al., 2000) further emphasizes the importance of differential growth in sex determination and differentiation. It is suggested that SRY represents an additional growth‐promoting gene sequestered by mammals to enable the XY embryo to undergo male sex differentiation in the female hormonal environment of the uterus. An increased awareness of the relationship between growth and gonadal differentiation should lead to a better understanding of sex determination in mammals and an ability to relate the function of sex‐determining genes to the effects of environmental factors. J. Exp. Zool. 290:484–489, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.