bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual-Level Risk Prediction of Return to Use During Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Luo Sean X. , Feaster Daniel J. , Liu Ying , Balise Raymond R. , Hu Mei-Chen , Bouzoubaa Layla , Odom Gabriel J. , Brandt Laura , Pan Yue , Hser Yih-Ing , VanVeldhuisen Paul , Castillo Felipe , Calderon Anna R. , Rotrosen John , Saxon Andrew J. , Weiss Roger D. , Wall Melanie , Nunes Edward V. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceNo existing model allows clinicians to predict whether patients might return to opioid use in the early stages of treatment for opioid use disorder.ObjectiveTo develop an individual-level prediction tool for risk of return to use in opioid use disorder.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis decision analytical model used predictive modeling with individual-level data harmonized in June 1, 2019, to October 1, 2022, from 3 multicenter, pragmatic, randomized clinical trials of at least 12 weeks’ duration within the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (CTN) performed between 2006 and 2016. The clinical trials covered a variety of treatment settings, including federally licensed treatment sites, physician practices, and inpatient treatment facilities. All 3 trials enrolled adult participants older than 18 years, with broad pragmatic inclusion and few exclusion criteria except for major medical and unstable psychiatric comorbidities.InterventionAll participants received 1 of 3 medications for opioid use disorder: methadone, buprenorphine, or extended-release naltrexone.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPredictive models were developed for return to use, which was defined as 4 consecutive weeks of urine drug screen (UDS) results either missing or positive for nonprescribed opioids by week 12 of treatment.ResultsThe overall sample included 2199 trial participants (mean [SD] age, 35.3 [10.7] years; 728 women [33.1%] and 1471 men [66.9%]). The final model based on 4 predictors at treatment entry (heroin use days, morphine- and cocaine-positive UDS results, and heroin injection in the past 30 days) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.62-0.71). Adding UDS in the first 3 treatment weeks improved model performance (AUROC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78-0.85). A simplified score (CTN-0094 OUD Return-to-Use Risk Score) provided good clinical risk stratification wherein patients with weekly opioid-negative UDS results in the 3 weeks after treatment initiation had a 13% risk of return to use compared with 85% for those with 3 weeks of opioid-positive or missing UDS results (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.76-0.84).Conclusions and RelevanceThe prediction model described in this study may be a universal risk measure for return to opioid use by treatment week 3. Interventions to prevent return to regular use should focus on this critical early treatment period.
Magnetically Responsive Optical Modulation: from Anisotropic Nanostructures to Emerging Applications
Authors: Li Jianing , Li Gang , Lu Xuegang , Wang Shancheng , Leng Meiying , Yang Sen , Guan Jianguo , Long Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetically responsive optical modulation has emerged as a promising application in various fields such as smart windows, anti‐counterfeiting, and colorimetric sensors, due to its unique advantages in remote and nondestructive control, as well as precise and high‐contrast response. Compared to isotropic counterparts, anisotropic magnetic nanostructures (AMNs) take advantage of the interplay among magnetic dipoles, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, shape anisotropy, and crystal facets to control diverse dimensions of light propagation. By manipulating frequency, amplitude, polarization, and plasmonic resonance, AMNs can provide a variety of functional applications. A comprehensive overview of recent developments in optical modulation based on AMNs with a focus on their emerging applications and design strategies is presented. It starts with a brief introduction of typical AMN building blocks, highlighting various optical modulation modes, including tunable transmission, diffraction, polarization, and plasmonic resonance. The primary focus is to discuss design strategies for various applications, i.e., smart windows, anti‐counterfeiting labels, colorimetric sensors, and multifunctional‐driven devices. It concludes with the challenges and perspectives for magneto‐optical modulation based on anisotropic structures. Overall, this review provides in‐depth insight into building blocks, magnetic modulation strategies, and optical property modulation of AMNs, thereby accelerating practical applications of these structures in functional devices.
Palladium Zinc Nanocrystals: Nanoscale Amalgamation Enables Multifunctional Intermetallic Colloids
Authors: Yarema Olesya , Moser Annina , Chang Chun‐Wei , Clarysse Jasper , Schenk Florian M. , Egüz Eda , Vemulapalli Hanut , Mittal Neeru , Edison Eldho , Wu Yi‐Hsuan , Kuznetsov Denis A. , Müller Christoph R. , Niederberger Markus , Franck Christian M. , Wood Vanessa , Yarema Maksym 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntermetallic nanocrystals are emerging materials for energy, catalysis, and biomedical applications, but combining two or more metals at the nanoscale remains challenging. The amalgamation reaction represents a convenient method for hundreds of intermetallic compositions, as it relies on fast and efficient alloying of liquid metals into presynthesized metallic seeds. Here, Pd–Zn nanocrystals, prepared via Zn amide thermolysis on the surface of Pd nanocrystals and subsequent amalgamation alloying, are investigated. Size‐uniform nanocrystals and control over a wide range of Pd–Zn compositions are achieved. This allows deriving a phase diagram at the nanoscale, in which miscibility gaps and three phases with broad solid solutions are detected. Furthermore, the formation of homogeneous ZnO shells for Pd–Zn compositions extending beyond phase solubility limits is observed. Full chemistry control for Pd–Zn nanocrystals enables a rational choice of materials for selected energy applications, achieveing an extended lifetime of Zn‐ion batteries for Zn‐rich PdZn2 stoichiometry, superior electrocatalytic properties for nearly stoichiometric PdZn halite phase, and the stability and efficiency of high‐voltage cathodes benefiting from ZnO shell protection around Pd3Zn10 nanocrystals are reported. This paper exemplifies the multifunctionality of intermetallics Pd–Zn nanocrystals, while this methodology can be extended to many other bimetallic nanomaterials.
A Sonoresponsive and NIR‐II‐Photoresponsive Nanozyme for Heterojunction‐Enhanced “Three‐in‐One” Multimodal Oncotherapy
Authors: Yan Lang , Cao Zhi , Ren Lijun , Zhang Tiantian , Hu Jinyan , Chen Jikuai , Zhang Xiaofang , Liu Bing , Feng Chuanqi , Zhu Jiangbo , Geng Bijiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough low‐cost nanozymes with excellent stability have demonstrated the potential to be highly beneficial for nanocatalytic therapy (NCT), their unsatisfactory catalytic activity accompanied by intricate tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly hinders the therapeutic effect of NCT. Herein, for the first time, a heterojunction (HJ)‐fabricated sonoresponsive and NIR‐II‐photoresponsive nanozyme is reported by assembling carbon dots (CDs) onto TiCN nanosheets. The narrow bandgap and mixed valences of Ti3+ and Ti4+ endow TiCN with the capability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to ultrasound (US), as well as the dual enzyme‐like activities of peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, the catalytic activities and sonodynamic properties of the TiCN nanosheets are boosted by the formation of HJs owing to the increased speed of carrier transfer and the enhanced electron–hole separation. More importantly, the introduction of CDs with excellent NIR‐II photothermal properties could achieve mild hyperthermia (43 °C) and thereby further improve the NCT and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) performances of CD/TiCN. The synergetic therapeutic efficacy of CD/TiCN through mild hyperthermia‐amplified NCT and SDT could realize “three‐in‐one” multimodal oncotherapy to completely eliminate tumors without recurrence. This study opens a new avenue for exploring sonoresponsive and NIR‐II‐photoresponsive nanozymes for efficient tumor therapy based on semiconductor HJs.
Highly Robust Conductive Organo‐Hydrogels with Powerful Sensing Capabilities Under Large Mechanical Stress
Authors: Li Tian , Qi Haobo , Dong Xinyu , Li Guanjin , Zhai Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe low mechanical strength of conductive hydrogels (<1 MPa) has been a significant hurdle in their practical application, as they are prone to fracturing under complex conditions, limiting their effectiveness. Here, this work fabricates a strong and tough conductive hierarchical poly(vinyl alcohol) (PEDOT:PSS/PVA) organo‐hydrogel (PPS organo‐hydrogel) via a facile combining strategy of self‐assembly and stretch training. With PVA/PEDOT:PSS microlayers and aligned PVA/PEDOT:PSS nanofibers, PVA and PEDOT:PSS nanocrystalline domains, and semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks, PPS organo‐hydrogels display outstanding mechanical performances (strength: 54.8 MPa, toughness: 153.97 MJ m−3). Additionally, PPS organo‐hydrogels also exhibit powerful sensing capabilities (gauge factor (GF): 983) due to the aligned hierarchical structures and organic liquid phase of DMSO. Notably, with the synergy of such mechanical and sensing properties, organo‐hydrogels can even detect objects as light as 1 gram, despite bearing a tensile strength of ≈23 MPa. By incorporating these materials into human‐machine interfaces, such as controlling artificial arms for grabbing objects and monitoring sport behaviors in soccer training, this work has unlocked a new realm of possibilities for these high‐performance hierarchical organo‐hydrogels. This approach to designing hierarchical structures has the potential to lead to even more high‐performance hydrogels in the future.
Spin Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by 2D Chiral Perovskite with Spin‐Dependent Carrier Transport
Authors: Wang Qingqian , Zhu Hongmei , Tan Yangzhi , Hao Junjie , Ye Taikang , Tang Haodong , Wang Zhaojin , Ma Jingrui , Sun Jiayun , Zhang Tianqi , Zheng Fankai , Zhang Wenda , Choi Hoi Wai , Choy Wallace C. H. , Wu Dan , Sun Xiao Wei , Wang Kai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect provides innovative approach to spintronics and quantum‐based devices for chiral materials. Different from the conventional ferromagnetic devices, the application of CISS effect is potential to operate under room temperature and zero applied magnetic field. Low dimensional chiral perovskites by introducing chiral amines are beginning to show significant CISS effect for spin injection, but research on chiral perovskites is still in its infancy, especially on spin‐light emitting diode (spin‐LED) construction. Here, the spin‐QLEDs enabled by 2D chiral perovskites as CISS layer for spin‐dependent carrier injection and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as light emitting layer are reported. The regulation pattern of the chirality and thickness of chiral perovskites, which affects the circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) emission of spin‐QLED, is discovered. Notably, the spin injection polarization of 2D chiral perovskites is higher than 80% and the CP‐EL asymmetric factor (gCP‐EL) achieves up to 1.6 × 10−2. Consequently, this work opens up a new and effective approach for high‐performance spin‐LEDs.
Optical Metasurfaces for Tunable Vortex Beams
Authors: Su Vin‐Cent , Huang Shao‐Yang , Chen Meng‐Hsin , Chiang Chia‐Hung , Xu Kai‐Lun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of device miniaturization and the generation of complex output responses has driven the development of optically tunable metasurfaces. Among these advancements, metasurface‐based vortex beams (VBs) have emerged as promising optically tunable knob technology due to their infinite output states through various orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. In this study, the metasurface‐based VBs are successfully fabricated with exceptionally high OAM modes of 32 and 16, carefully examined using the Mach‐Zehnder interferometer. Throughout this study, these devices are referred to as infinite‐OAM meta‐knobs (IOMKs). The optical tunability of IOMKs is demonstrated by illuminating them with incident light possessing diverse degrees of freedom, including different polarizations and wavelengths. Furthermore, the interference nature of the IOMKs is experimentally explored by incorporating them into interference eraser measurements, providing an additional degree of freedom to the optical knob. In the interference eraser experiment, the broadband capability and the high reproducibility of the IOMKs with the OAM modes of 32 and 16 at three distinct wavelengths of 450, 530, and 610 nm is demonstrated. These findings represent a significant step toward understanding the potential applications of IOMKs in quantum optics and their promising role in the generation of complex output states.
A Transient Spore‐Forming Microbial Fuel Cell with Extracellularly Biosynthesized Tin Oxide Nanoparticles for Powering Disposable and Green Papertronics
Authors: Rezaie Maryam , Rafiee Zahra , Choi Seokheun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransient electronics, which can operate only for short‐lived applications and then be eco‐friendly disintegrated, create opportunities in environmental sensing, healthcare, and hardware security. Paper‐based electronics, or papertronics, recently have rapidly advanced the physically transient device platform because paper as a foundation offers an environmentally sustainable and cost‐effective option for those increasingly pervasive and fast‐updated single‐use applications. Paper‐based power supplies are indispensable to realize a fully papertronic paradigm and are a critical enabler of environmentally benign power solutions. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) hold great potential as power sources for such green papertronic applications. This work reports the design, operation, and optimization of a high‐power papertronic MFC by biosynthesizing microbe‐mediated tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) on dormant Bacillus subtilis endospores. They form an electrical conduit that improves electron harvesting during the spore germination and power generation. The MFC is packaged in a sub‐microporous alginate to minimize the potential risk of bacteria leakage. Upon the introduction of water, the paper‐based MFC generates a significantly enhanced power density of 140 µW cm−2, which is more than two orders of magnitude greater than their previously reported counterparts. Six MFCs connected in series generate more than sufficient power to run an on‐chip, light‐emitting diode.
Color‐Changing Paints Enabled by Photoresponsive Combinations of Bio‐Inspired Colorants and Semiconductors
Authors: Martin Cassandra L. , Flynn Kaitlyn R. , Kim Taehwan , Nikolic Skyler K. , Deravi Leila F. , Wilson Daniel J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractModern paints and coatings are designed for a variety of applications, ranging from fine art to extraterrestrial thermal control. These systems can be engineered to provide lasting color, but there are a limited number of materials that can undergo transient changes in their visual appearance in response to external stimuli without requirements for advanced fabrication strategies. The authors describe color‐changing paint formulations that leverage the redox‐dependent absorption profile of xanthommatin, a small‐molecule colorant found throughout biology, and the electronic properties of titanium dioxide, a ubiquitous whitening agent in commercial coatings. This combination yields reversible photoreduction upon exposure to sunlight, shifting from the oxidized (yellow) form of xanthommatin, to the reduced (red) state. The extent of photoreduction is dependent on the loading density and size of titanium dioxide particles, generating changes in hue angle as large as 77% upon irradiation. These coatings can be blended with non‐responsive supplemental colorants to expand the accessible color palette, and irradiated through masks to create transient, disappearing artwork. These formulations demonstrate energy‐efficient photochromism using a simple combination of a redox‐active dye and metal oxide semiconductor, highlighting the utility of these materials for the development of optically dynamic light‐harvesting materials.
Catalytic CO2 Conversion to C1 Chemicals over Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Yang Ziyan , Liu Lina , Wang Yaru , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide, as an abundant and nontoxic C1 resource, can be extensively applied to produce C1 building blocks via direct and indirect routes. On account of the stable electronic structure and high activation energy of CO2, the most challenging problem of CO2 conversion is the rational design of low‐cost and efficient catalysts with attractive performance. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with atomically dispersed metal atoms, strong metal–support interaction, and tunable/unsaturated coordination environment offer a potential choice by achieving maximum atomic utilization and lowering the CO2 activation barrier. Furthermore, the geometric and electronic structure of SACs can be easily regulated by tuning the coordination environment of single atoms, which significantly affects their catalytic performance. In this review, therefore, a comprehensive review of thermocatalytic CO2 conversion to C1 chemicals over SACs is presented. Specifically, the physiochemical and electronic properties, synthesis methods, and characterization technologies are introduced. Thereafter, an overview of catalytic performance and mechanism of SACs is described during thermocatalytic CO2 conversion to C1 chemicals. Finally, the main limitations of current studies on CO2 conversion to C1 chemicals over SACs are summarized, and simultaneouslyperspectives on the future are proposed, in order to provide a guidance for decarbonizing the industries and cycling greenhouse gases.
Enabling Unprecedented Ultra‐Efficient Practical Direct Seawater Splitting by Finely‐Tuned Catalyst Environment via Thermo‐Hydrodynamic Modulation
Authors: Bahuguna Gaurav , Patolsky Fernando 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDirect sea water splitting as asource of clean renewable energy is indeed a holy grail and necessitates the invention of unprecedented avenues. Toward this goal, for the first time, the effect of thermo‐hydrodynamic processes modulation (electrolyte flow and heating) on water splitting reactions, through the controlling of the nanocatalyst surface environment, is studied thoroughly. A catenated sulphur type‐nickel polysulphide‐based single crystalline, high surface area 3D electrocatalyst (NiS2pSxsurface), with surface‐enriched oxygen evolution reaction (OER, Ni3+) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, pSn2−) catalyzing species, is prepared by a single‐step process. Thermo‐hydrodynamic processes‐induced electrochemical analysis demonstrates a dramatic improvement in the electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst, by both flow and temperature modulation. Decoupling contributions from the electrolyte and electrodes heating demonstrate an intrinsic electrode property influence on the overall temperature‐dependent electrochemical performance. Furthermore, a chlorine‐phobic behavior of the NiS2pSxsurface catalyst is observed, even at 80 °C, for direct seawater oxidation, confirming the electrocatalyst potential for direct seawater splitting. Notably, a cell voltage of 1.39 V (at 10 mA cm−2), reaching industrially practical large‐scale of >500 mA cm−2 is observed for additive‐free direct seawater splitting, which is the lowest reported cell voltage to date, even for alkaline additive‐based electrolysers. Consequently, an alternative approach for direct seawater splitting is realized and can be universally extended to any present‐day electrocatalyst platform.
Tuning 2D Perovskite Passivation: Impact of Electronic and Steric Effects on the Performance of 3D/2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gozukara Karabag Zeynep , Karabag Aliekber , Gunes Ummugulsum , Gao Xiao‐Xin , Syzgantseva Olga A. , Syzgantseva Maria A. , Varlioglu Yaylali Figen , Shibayama Naoyuki , Kanda Hiroyuki , Rafieh Alwani Imanah , Turnell‐Ritson Roland C. , Dyson Paul J. , Yerci Selcuk , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Gunbas Gorkem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSurface passivation with 2D perovskites is a powerful strategy to achieve improved stability and performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Various large organic cations have been successfully implemented, led by phenylethylammonium (PEA+) and its derivatives. However, systematic studies on large sets of cations to understand the effect of substituent position on 2D perovskite passivation and device performance are lacking. Herein, a collection of halogenated PEA+iodide salts (x‐XPEAIwherex:ortho(o),meta(m), para(p),X: F, Cl, Br) are synthesized by a facile method and deposited on top of 3D perovskite. The 2D perovskite layer formation is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering analyses for all cations, regardless of the nature and position of the halogen. Density functional theory analysis reveals that lower formation energies and higher interfacial dipoles achieved bym‐substituted cations are responsible for enhanced performance compared to theiro‐ andp‐ counterparts. While them‐BrPEAI‐treated device shows a champion efficiency of 23.42%, (VOC=1.13 V, FF=81.2%), considering average efficiencies, stability, and reproducibility, the treatment withm‐ClPEAIsalt yields the best overall performance. This comprehensive study provides guidelines for understanding the influence of large cation modification on performance and stability of 3D/2D PSCs.
Unveiling and Balancing the Passivation‐Transport Trade‐Off in Perovskite Solar Cells with Double‐Side Patterned Insulator Contacts
Authors: Mao Kaitian , Cai Fengchun , Zhu Zhengjie , Meng Hongguang , Li Tieqiang , Yuan Shaojie , Zhang Jieqi , Peng Wei , Xu Jiahang , Feng Xingyu , Chen Qi , Xu Jixian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncluding an ultrathin insulator interlayer at the perovskite/charge transport interface is a critical strategy for suppressing surface recombination in state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells. However, its further improvement with increased thickness faces a trade‐off due to the exponentially inhibited electrical transport. Here, a patterned insulator contact (PIC) design is presented to overcome this passivation‐transport trade‐off where the conventional ultrathin interlayer is replaced by a thicker counterpart with local openings. Such a PIC is realized using metal fluorides with a high coverage of 80% and a thickness tolerance increased by 3–5. Balancing inhibited transport via local openings is verified by direct observation with local photocurrent mapping. It revealed the atomic passivation mechanism of hydrogen bonding between fluoride ions and perovskite organic cations. It extends the top‐surface passivation to double‐sided passivation and find that LiF‐modified substrate improves the wettability and promotes the out‐of‐plane growth of perovskite. These combined advances and distilled knowledge allow us to achieve power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) of 25% (certified 24.95%) in p–i–n perovskite solar cells by simultaneously enhancing the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and the fill factor (FF). The device's reproducibility and operational stability are also improved.