bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence, Self-Harm, Victimisation and Homelessness in Patients Admitted to an Acute Inpatient Unit in South Australia
Authors: Ash David , Haynes John , Braben Peter , Galletly Cherrie 
Published: July 2003

Objectives: To measure the incidence of traumatic and potentially socially disruptive events prior to admission to a psychiatric hospital. Method: One hundred and nineteen patients were interviewed and further information was obtained from case notes. Data were collected concerning rates of violence, self-harm, threats of violence or self-harm, physical assault and homelessness. Results: The patients' mean age was 35 years, 70% were male and 77% were currently single. More than half were legally detained. The most common diagnoses were substance abuse disorders, schizophrenia and related psychoses and mood disorders. Eighteen per cent of patients were physically violent at the time of admission. They were more likely to have a diagnosis of substance abuse. Significantly more men (30%) than women (8%) made threats of violence. Eighteen per cent of patients had physically harmed themselves. Significantly more women (70%) than men (40%) had threatened to harm themselves. Eight per cent of patients had been physically assaulted prior to admission. Twenty-seven per cent of patients were homeless. Conclusion: These patients were severely disabled with high rates of comorbidity. Socially disruptive behaviours were common, and almost a quarter of the patients were homeless. This study highlights the need for development of targeted services in the community.
Common Mental Disorders Among Primary Care Attenders in Vellore, South India: Nature, Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Pothen M. , Kuruvilla A. , Philip K. , Joseph A. , Jacob K. S. 
Published: July 2003

Objective: The study examined the nature and prevalence of and the factors associated with common mental disorders in primary care in Vellore, South India. Method: Consecutive attenders ( N = 327) to a primary health care facility were recruited. Results: One hundred and eleven (33.9%) subjects satisfied criteria for common mental disorders. Depression was the common presentation (83.8%). Indicators of low socio-economic status (being in debt, inability to buy food, having less than three square meals per day) and illiteracy were significantly associated with caseness. Conclusions: Subjects with common mental disorders are commonly seen in primary health care settings. Illiteracy and poverty are associated with caseness. Primary health care research and policy needs to focus on common mental disorders.
From Whence Comes Mental Illness Stigma?
Authors: Watson Amy C. , Ottati Victor , Corrigan Patrick 
Published: July 2003

Background: This paper seeks to answer two fundamental questions: What is the basis of the current form of mental illness stigma? and Why do western cultures stereotype people with mental illness as dangerous, incompetent and blameful, rather than something else?Material and discussion: We argue that a motivational model called system-justification offers several benefits for answering these questions. System-justification portrays stigma as a way of making sense of economic and political differences between the majority and stigmatized subgroups. We contrast system-justification with two cognitive models of stigma that seem to have strong support from naïve psychology: mental illness stigma results as the normal perception of a group of people who are dangerous and/or blameworthy and there is a kernel of truth to the stigmatizing attitudes about people with mental illness. Although research supporting the latter two models is mixed, there are significant limitations to the models, as well as concerns that normal perception and kernel of truth might actually promote stigma.Conclusions: As an alternative, system-justification combines three paradigms that suggest its worthiness for future research: 1) a review of historical and economic forces that influence social phenomena; 2) the need of humankind to understand these forces and organize them into a unitary framework; and 3) the cognitive mechanisms that are essential for this comprehension. Implications of this model for stigma change are discussed.
Simplified Modeling of the Dynamic Gel Time and/or the Dynamic Gel Temperature for a Thermosetting Resin or Composite
Authors: Sudduth Richard D. 
Published: July 2003

The simple analytical model developed in this study has been found to give a successful engineering estimate of when gel will occur during the cure cycle of a thermosetting resin. This simple analytical model provides a quick result that appears to be equivalent to similar results obtained with much more complicated computer programs. The replacement of the Arrhenius activation energy with the reaction release energy in the relationship between the isothermal temperature and the time to reach gel significantly contributed to the simple analytical solution that was able to be developed in this study. Resins used in both autoclave processing and Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) processing were evaluated in this study. It was found that the calculated Dynamic Gel Temperatures were much higher and the calculated Dynamic Gel Times were much longer for the autoclave resins than for the VARTM resins at the same heating rate. The VARTM resins also appeared to be more exothermic on a relative scale than the autoclave resins. Several multiple step cure cycles were evaluated for two Hercules resins. In general the agreement between the measured and calculated Dynamic Gel Temperatures was very good. In addition, two cure cycles for Hexcel F-263 composites were calculated and autoclave evaluated for dynamic gel time and the resulting mechanical properties. For Cure Cycle I the autoclave pressure was not applied until after dynamic gel had been reached. For Cure Cycle II the dynamic gel was achieved after the pressure was introduced into the autoclave. The short beam shear strength Cure Cycle I was nearly one-half the strength of the composite generated with Cure Cycle II. In addition, the void content of the composite for Cure Cycle I was approximately four times higher than the composite for Cure Cycle II. This study has clearly shown that if the time-temperature history of a cure cycle is known, then the dynamic gel analysis developed in this study should be able to predict when a particular resin formulation will gel. The importance of the correct prediction of when the gel time occurs in a cure cycle was also clearly shown.
Trenchless Repairing of Underground Pipes Using RTM Based on the Axiomatic Design Method
Authors: Chin Woo Seok , Kwon Jae Wook , Lee Dai Gil 
Published: July 2003

To overcome the problems of excavation technology for repairing damaged underground pipes, such as sewer pipes, various trenchless (excavation free or no-dig) technologies has been proposed and tried, but they have some drawbacks such as high cost and inconvenience of operation. In this study, the rehabilitation process of underground pipes with glass fiber fabric polymer composites using Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), which overcomes the problems of present trenchless technologies has been developed through the axiomatic design approach. For the reliable and faultless operation, all the problems and situations that may occur during the real construction has been taken into account at every stage of the design process. The developed process requires shorter operation time and lower cost with smaller and simpler operating equipments than conventional trenchless technologies. From the investigation, it has been found that the developed repair technology with appropriate process parameters determined by design axioms has many advantages over conventional methods.
Finite Element Analysis of Diaphragm-type Air Springs with Fiber-reinforced Rubber Composites
Authors: Lee H. W. , Kim S. H. , Huh H. , Kim J. Y. , Jeong S. G. 
Published: July 2003

This paper is concerned with deformation analysis of diaphragm-type air springs, especially an air bag which consists of nylon fiber-reinforced rubber, composite rubber linings and steel wire bead parts. The analysis has been carried out with a finite element code developed to consider the orthotropic properties of fiber-reinforced rubber lamina, geometric nonlinearity by large deformation, and contact between an air bag and a bead ring. Five different models have been considered in the design optimization procedure in order to investigate the effect of design variables with the variation of the cord angle of an air bag. The analysis provides the hoop and the longitudinal strain distributions in an air bag as well as the variation of the outer diameter, the fold height and the vertical force with respect to the internal pressure.
Knowledge Creation in Professional Service Firms: Institutional Effects
Authors: Robertson Maxine , Scarbrough Harry , Swan Jacky 
Published: July 2003

This article presents an analysis of institutional influences upon knowledge creation within professional service firms, whose main business is the provision of specialized consultancy. Such firms, we argue, provide an important setting for examining such influences because their survival depends on their ability to mobilize and synthesize professional bodies of knowledge. They, therefore, directly confront the constraints that institutionalized professions pose for processes of knowledge creation. By exploring the influence of the institutional context, the article extends earlier work on professional service and knowledge-intensive firms which has tended to adopt a more micro, organizational-level focus on knowledge creation and to neglect both the heterogeneous nature of knowledge and its embeddedness in institutional contexts. A comparative analysis of two firms located in different institutional contexts (science and the law) establishes some of the major mechanisms through which professional institutions influence knowledge-creation processes. Specifically, the analysis highlights three major arenas, related to the processes of knowledge creation within organizations, in which institutional influences are seen to operate. These are: the relative work autonomy of professional groups; the means of knowledge legitimation; and the social identity formation of professional practitioners. While institutional influences were found in these different arenas across both cases, significant differences in knowledge-creating practices were also observed. These include different emphases on experimentation versus interpretation, different forms of personal networking, and significant differences in the relative importance of codifying knowledge in documentary forms. These differences are explained in terms of institutionally embedded means of legitimating knowledge across scientific and legal contexts. In observing institutional influences on micro work practices, however, our study also highlights the role and influence of management. Specifically, in the arena of social identity, managers sought to accommodate professional norms through firm-specific arrangements, which shaped and mobilized a social identity geared toward corporate ends. Management effort thus focused on developing a collective identity, based on elitism, which was used as a means of leveraging individual creativity and expertise as an organizational resource.
Exploring Management Consulting Firms as Knowledge Systems
Authors: Werr Andreas , Stjernberg Torbjörn 
Published: July 2003

This article examines the nature and the generation, dissemination and translation of knowledge in large, global management consulting organizations. The knowledge system in consulting organizations is modelled as consisting of three interacting knowledge elements: methods and tools, providing a common language and knowledge structure; cases, carrying knowledge in a narrative form; and the experience of individual consultants that is essential for the adaptation of methods, tools and cases to the specific consulting project. A number of recent studies have characterized knowledge-management strategies as focusing on either articulate knowledge or tacit knowledge. We argue that a fruitful understanding of knowledge management in management consulting requires attention to the relations between the different elements that represent different kinds of knowledge. Based on case studies in Andersen Consulting (now Accenture) and Ernst & Young Management Consulting (now Cap Gemini Ernst & Young) these knowledge elements and the interplay between them are identified and analysed. The main role of articulate knowledge is not to replace experience, but rather to support the generation, dissemination and use of it. A number of consequences of this conceptualization of the knowledge system are discussed in terms of the ability of the knowledge system to generate different types of learning and the complementarity of structural and individual knowledge.
Enhanced Modelling and Performance in Braided Pneumatic Muscle Actuators
Authors: Davis Steve , Tsagarakis N. , Canderle J. , Caldwell Darwin G. 
Published: July 2003

Pneumatic technology has been successfully applied for over two millennia. Even today, pneumatic cylinder based technology forms the keystone of many manufacturing processes where there is a need for simple, high-speed, low-cost, reliable motion. But when the system requires accurate control of position, velocity or acceleration profiles, these actuators form a far from satisfactory solution. Braided pneumatic muscle actuators (pMAs) form an interesting development of the pneumatic principle offering even higher power/weight performance, operation in a wide range of environments and accurate control of position, motion and force. This technology provides an interesting and potentially very successful alternative actuation source for robots as well as other applications. However, there are difficulties with this approach due to the following. (i) Modeling errors. Models of the force response are still nonoptimal and for good results these models are highly complex, which makes accurate design difficult. (ii) Low bandwidth—the bandwidth of the actuator—link assemblies are often considered to be too low for practical success in many applications, particularly robotics. In this paper we address these limitations and show how the performance in each area can be enhanced with overall improvements in the response and utility of the braided pMAs.
Ambiguities in Visual Tracking of Articulated Objects Using Two- and Three-Dimensional Models
Authors: Rehg James M. , Morris Daniel D. , Kanade Takeo 
Published: July 2003

Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic models are widely-used in video-based figure tracking. We show that these models can suffer from singularities when motion is directed along the viewing axis of a single camera. The single camera case is important because it arises in many interesting applications, such as motion capture from movie footage, video surveillance, and vision-based user-interfaces.We describe a novel two-dimensional scaled prismatic model (SPM) for figure registration. In contrast to 3D kinematic models, the SPM has fewer singularity problems and does not require detailed knowledge of the 3D kinematics. We fully characterize the singularities in the SPM and demonstrate tracking through singularities using synthetic and real examples.We demonstrate the application of our model to motion capture from movies. Fred Astaire is tracked in a clip from the film “Shall We Dance”. We also present the use of monocular hand tracking in a 3D user-interface. These results demonstrate the benefits of the SPM in tracking with a single source of video.
Optimized Mechanical Performance of Welded and Molded Butt Joints: Part I — Similarities and Differences
Authors: Kagan Val 
Published: July 2003

Recent developments were oriented on the analysis of the mechanical performance at local (knit lines and welds) and bulk (molded part) areas, with the influence of molding and welding conditions. It has been found that for non-reinforced and reinforced nylon, the mechanical performance in the knit planes and welded areas are approximately equal to the mechanical performance of a base resin (matrix). The observations on similarities and differences in the formation of knit and weld lines are presented in Part I of this paper.
Thermal Diffusion of Water Vapour Through Glass Fiber Insulation
Authors: Stephenson D. G. 
Published: July 2003

The flux of water vapour through glass fiber insulation depends on the gradients of the concentration of the water vapour and the temperature in accordance with a generalized form of Fick's Law, viz. JV/ρν=-α(1/ρν dρν/ dx) - β(1/ T dT/dx) The diffusion coefficient for the density gradient is related to the permeability obtained from an isothermal permeance test. The coefficient associated with the temperature gradient is derived from measured values of the heat flux through a specimen of fibrous insulation in both a wet and dry condition.
Verification of Density Predicted for Prevention of Settling of Loose-fill Cellulose Insulation in Walls
Authors: Rasmussen Torben Valdbjørn 
Published: July 2003

This paper discusses the verification of the density predicted for prevention of settling of loose-fill cellulose insulation in walls when criteria for creep in granular materials are applied. The practical use of an earlier presented theoretical framework and an experimental verification are described. The empirical framework allows a quantitative approach to the problem of achieving non-settling of a loose-fill insulation material in a given wall. The prediction involves the use of three experimentally determined parameters that govern the density of a loose-fill insulation material required to ensure volume stability in a wall exposed to climates. One parameter is determined from tests on a wall exposed to constant humidity conditions and two parameters are determined from tests on walls exposed to time variable humidity conditions. A theoretical description of creep is used that describes the parameter for walls exposed to constant environmental conditions. The parameters for an extended empirical model for predicting creep of material exposed to alternating humidity are determined from the corresponding tests. The uses of the parameters are shown together with associated characteristics for one loose-fill cellulose insulation material under one set of exposures. Full-scale wall tests in one wall cavity configuration under the same set of exposures showed that the method did predict results that are in the right magnitude. In addition it is shown that for many cycles with in-time variable humidity conditions, creep of the loose-fill cellulose insulation material almost reached equilibrium.
Implementing Authentication (LAP) and Monitoring in Healthcare Information Systems
Authors: Chousiadis C. , Pangalos G. 
Published: July 2003

Throughout the healthcare domain, paper records and forms are being supplanted by electronic records, which are now routinely transmitted over intranets (within organizations), extranets (between organizations) and the Internet (to multiple organizations, worldwide). The potential for greater efficiency, lower costs and enhanced quality of care afforded by electronic versus paper-based records and communication in healthcare is vast. Electronic messaging is quickly becoming the standard for transmitting information in the healthcare industry. The security of transmitted information is a very critical issue. In this article, we report on the development of a Lightweight Authentication Protocol (LAP), which makes a mobile and distributed system more secure and flexible, and we implement it in a healthcare environment where the clinicians use mobile and wireless devices like PDAs. The implementation scenario and the special characteristics of healthcare information systems are described in detail. We also propose a monitoring system that involves patient credentials in order to monitor doctor access to the medical records. Our work shows that it is possible for a PDA to have access to a system like a healthcare Web database system with reasonable performance according to the theoretical analysis.
Analysis and Design of the eSAP: An Integrated Health and Social Care Information System
Authors: Mouratidis H. , Manson G. , Philp I. 
Published: July 2003

Health care information systems are becoming more and more computerized. A huge amount of health related information needs to be stored and analysed, and with the aid of computer systems this can be done faster and more efficiently. The Agent Oriented paradigm provides an alternative way of developing medical based systems. This article presents an initial exploration of the analysis and design of a multi-agent system to deliver the Single Assessment Process, an integrated health and social care information system for older people. The article concludes by making the following observations: Agent technology has the potential to support the development of medical and health and social care systems for older people. Nevertheless there are not many real-life agent based applications successfully applied in the health care sector. One of the main reasons is the limitation of the existing analysis and design methodologies. Thus, in order for the agent-technology to be widely accepted in the development of computer based medical information systems for older people (and in extent any medical system) it is necessary to develop a complete and mature analysis and design methodology to support the development of agent based medical systems.
Critical Reflection in Community-Based Evaluation
Authors: Gardner Fiona 
Published: July 2003

Having used critical reflection in teaching students about a critical social work approach, the writer explores the development of a critical reflection framework for thinking about evaluation. She identifies a range of possible criteria including: • seeing subjective histories and stories as valid sources of information and knowledge, • making sure the views of those least likely to be heard are included, • enabling participants to make connections between personal and broader structural issues, and • specific suggestions about evaluation processes such as paying attention to processes as well as outcomes. These criteria are used to critically consider the evaluation of two community-based projects - Shared Action, a community development approach to child safety and community building, and the Rural Access Project - a pilot project exploring the provision of education services about arthritis in rural communities. She concludes that such a framework could certainly help in raising issues for evaluators.