bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to intramuscular botulinum toxin type a injection
Authors: Lewitt Peter A. , Trosch Richard M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThree cases of adverse reactions to repeated intramuscular botulinum toxin A (BTA) injections are described: a persistent rash on the face at the site of injection, a localized anaphylactic reaction following BTA injection into one leg, and bilateral ptosis repeatedly following BTA injection into neck muscles. The mechanisms for these idiosyncratic adverse responses are not known.
Pregnancy in Parkinson's disease: A review of the literature and a case report
Authors: Hagell Peter , Odin Per , Vinge Ellen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPregnancy is rare in Parkinson's disease (PD). In the literature on studies of antiparkinsonian drugs in animals during pregnancy, there are reports on malformations of the skeletal and circulatory system. However, the majority of studies in animals have not shown any teratogenicity. Amantadine has been teratogenic in rats and selegiline has caused neurochemical and behavioral alterations in rats when coadministered with clorgyline. The published experience with humans consists of 35 pregnancies among 26 women suffering from PD, including this report, and a number of cases treated with antiparkinsonian agents for other reasons. With the exception of the majority of the cases where amantadine was used, complications have been rare. However, there are indications that suggest a possible risk of a woman's parkinsonism worsening in connection with pregnancy. We also report the case of a woman with PD who was treated with L‐dopa‐benserazide during an uncomplicated pregnancy and gave birth to a healthy boy without experiencing any worsening of her PD.
Variability of the immunologic and clinical response in dystonic patients immunoresistant to botulinum toxin injections
Authors: Sankhla Charulata , Jankovic Joseph , Duane Drake 
Published: May 2005

AbstractImmunoresistance (Ab+) to botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) has been a serous concern since the introduction of BTX‐A in the treatment of dystonia and other disorders associated with abnormal muscle contractions. We studied seven patients who developed Ab+ and later reverted to antibodynegative (Ab‐) status. These seven patients, six women (mean age, 56 years; range, 41–80 years), with an average duration of dystonia for all patients of 197 months (range, 84–360 months), received a total mean cumulative dose of 1659 units (U) (range,810‐1975 U), with an average dose of 207 U per visit. All of these patients became unresponsive to BTX‐A treatment and became Ab+ as determined by mouse bioassay. Their response to BTX‐A after they revertedd to Ab‐ was analyzed. The average latency between the initial BTX‐A treatment and development of Ab+ was 27 months (range, 15–43 months). The average duration between the detection of Ab+ status and subsequent reversal to Ab‐ status was 30 months (range, 10–78 months). Six of these Ab‐ patients were reinjected with BTX‐A, and all six benefited from repeat injections comparable with their earlier response. Three patients lost their clinical response to subsequent injections and were found to be again Ab+. Two of the five patients who became immunoresistant to BTX‐A received botulinum toxin type F (BTX‐F) injections and one patient received a single session of BTX‐B with improvement in their symptoms. In conclusion, this unique group of patients who were Ab+ and became Ab‐ responded favorably to repeat BTX‐A injections, but some lost the benefit with subsequent injections. These observations suggest that the anamnestic immunologic response to BTX‐A can wane, but can be reactivated by repeat BTX‐A treatments. The presence of antibodies did not interfere with the response to BTX‐F or BTX‐B injections, thus confirming the antigenic specificity of various BTX serotypes.
P450 enzymes and Parkinson's disease: The story so far
Authors: Riedl Andrew G. , Watts Paul M. , Jenner Peter , David Marsden C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEnvironmental or endogenous toxins may cause nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) as a result of genetic susceptibility conferred by altered expression of P450 enzymes. Attention over the last 10 years has focused on CYP2D6 polymorphisms and susceptibility to PD. This review summarizes reports arising from both phenotypic and genotypic studies involving CYP2D6 and PD. Phenotypic studies have failed to support a link between CYP2D6 and PD. The more powerful genetic studies initially indicated a link between CYP2D6B mutations and PD, but critical analysis of the literature and recent studies emerging from independent laboratories fail to confirm this. Mutations in CYP2D6B are also not implicated in familial PD. As yet, there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that CYP2D6 polymorphisms confer susceptibility to PD. Whether polymorphisms in other P450s (for example, CYP1A1 and CYP2E1) are implicated in PD remains to be established.
Late components of the event‐related potentials and their topography in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lagopoulos Jim , Clouston Paul , Barhamali Homayoun , Gordon Evian , Li Waiman M. , Lesley Julian , Morris John G. L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLate components of the event‐related potential (ERP; N100, P200, N200, and P300) were elicited using an auditory oddball paradigm (with a button‐press response to target stimuli) in 15 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 50 normal control subjects. Compared with control subjects, PD subjects showed a significant decrease in N200 amplitude. Between‐group topographical differences in N200 amplitude were evident at central (C3, Cz, C4) and temporal (T5, T3, T4, T6) regions. The results may reflect a deficit in response selection in PD possibly resulting from a dysfunction associated with the abnormalities in the central and temporal regions found to have a decreased N200 amplitude compared with normal control subjects in this study.
Verapamil for severe hyperkinetic movement disorders
Authors: Ovsiew Fred , Meador Kimford J. , Sethi Kapil 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe use of verapamil in three cases of severe hyperkinetic movement disorders resulted in dramatic improvement in patients who had been refractory to many other treatments over a prolonged period. A videotape illustration of one of the patients is provided. The mechanism of action and evidence of efficacy of calcium‐channel blockers for abnormal movements are discussed.
Clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Potagas Constantin , Dellatolas George , Ziegler Marc , Leveteau Jean , Bathien Nguyen , Leod Patrick Mac , Rondot Pierre 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe used two simple tasks to test the capacities of patients with Parkinson's disease to discriminate and identify olfactory stimuli. The patients presented defective odor identification abilities whereas their capacity to discriminate between odors was apparently unaffected. This raises a question about the nature of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Further clinical data is required for analysis of this dysfunction. We therefore propose simple and rapid tests appropriate for clinical use with Parkinson's disease patients.
The health burdens of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Rubenstein Linda M. , Voelker Margaret D. , Wallace Robert B. , Rodnitzky Robert L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is likely to have a substantial impact on an individual's health‐related quality of life (HRQL), health‐related resource use, and productivity. Data about the health burdens of PD by disease stage are fundamental to understanding the effectiveness of care, both from a clinical and a fiscal point of view. This study's goal was to describe the associations of patient‐reported HRQL and economic characteristics with PD stage. We hypothesized that later stages of PD would be associated with poorer HRQL, greater health‐related resource use, and lower work productivity than early stages of PD. We used a cross‐sectional analysis to study 193 PD patients attending two hospital‐based neurology clinics. Self‐administered questionnaires and in‐person interviews measured clinical features, functional status, general health perceptions, well‐being, overall HRQL, work productivity, and health‐related resource use. Consistent, strong associations were found between stage and functional status, general health perceptions, well‐being, and overall HRQL even after controlling for age, gender, and comorbid conditions. Most resource use and work productivity measures were also associated with disease stage. However, physician services use was not. This study confirms that the burdens of illness are progressively higher for PD patients with early, moderate, and advanced illness. The results suggest that such important facets of the health burden as HRQL and health‐related resource use may be seriously misjudged if not carefully measured but inferred from clinical observations alone.
Comparison of acute‐ and delayed‐onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia
Authors: Tarsy Daniel 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHead, neck, or shoulder trauma is an occasional antecedent event before the appearance of cervical dystonia. A clinically distinctive syndrome of acute‐onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia characterized by markedly restricted range of neck motion, absence of phasic involuntary movements, and poor response to treatment has previously been described. Patients with cervical dystonia attending a movement disorder clinic were reviewed for history of trauma before onset of symptoms. Patients with symptom onset within 4 weeks of trauma were compared with patients who developed symptoms between 3 months and 1 year after trauma. Acute‐onset cervical dystonia was characterized by markedly reduced cervical mobility; prominent shoulder elevation with trapezius hypertrophy in most patients, absence of involuntary movements, sensory tricks, or activation maneuvers; and poor response to botulinum toxin injection. By contrast, delayed‐onset cervical dystonia was clinically indistinguishable from nontraumatic idiopathic cervical dystonia. Acute‐onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia is similar to limb dystonia after peripheral trauma and may represent a form of nondystonic muscle spasm similar to torticollis associated with musculoskeletal injuries of the cervical spine and craniocervical junction.
Voluntary palatal tremor in two siblings
Authors: Klein Christine , Gehrking Eckart , Vieregge Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe report two siblings with palatal tremor (PT) and ear clicks who can voluntarily elicit or suppress both PT and ear clicks by just “thinking” about starting or stopping the sounds. The patients were also able to voluntarily modulate the frequency of their ear clicks and PT. They did not have any signs of cerebellar, brain stem, or other neurologic disease. These familial palatal movements may represent a variant of palatal tremor but can not satisfactorily be classified as either symptomatic or essential PT.
Progressive pseudobulbar paresis, early choreiform movements, and later rigidity: Appearance in two sets of dizygotic twins in the same family
Authors: Johnson Sturla E. , Dahl Arve , Sjaastad Ottar 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn a family with two sets of dizygotic twins, three, possibly all four, siblings were affected by the same disorder. The parents were unrelated and the illness seemed limited to one generation. Onset was in the early to mid‐20s with tics and choreiform movements, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Two twins had epilepsy. There was a marked dyscoordination of bulbar musculature reminiscent of pseudobulbar paresis. Involuntary movements were prominent during the first years, but then disappeared and were replaced by an akinetic‐rigid parkinsonian appearance in the late stage. The intellect remained largely intact. Tendon reflexes were reduced. Varying degrees of peripheral nerve changes were seen. Two patients died after 22–24 years from causes indirectly related to the main illness. Marked degenerative changes were found in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Acanthocytes in significant numbers could not be detected in peripheral blood. Lipoproteinelectrophoresis was normal. Creatine kinase levels were moderately raised in one patient, normal in the others. Although certain clinical resemblances exist with neuroacanthocytosis, the exact nosologic status of the disorder has not been determined.
[3H]‐2‐Deoxyglucose uptake study in mutant dystonic hamsters: Abnormalities in discrete brain regions of the motor system
Authors: Richter Angelika , Brotchie Jonathan M. , Crossman Alan R. , Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe genetically dystonic (dtsz) hamster, an animal model of idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia, displays attacks of generalized twisting movements and abnormal postures of limbs and trunk either spontaneously or in response to mild stress. This experimental model may be helpful to give insights into the pathophysiology of idiopathic dystonia in man. In the present study, the regional uptake of [3H]‐2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) was examined in brains (75 brain regions) of dtsz hamsters during the expression of severe dystonia. 2‐DG autoradiography revealed significant changes of 2‐DG uptake in discrete brain regions of dtsz hamsters compared with age‐matched, nondystonic control hamsters. In dystonic hamsters, a dramatic increase of 2‐DG uptake was observed in the red nucleus (159% over control). Furthermore, enhanced 2‐DG uptake was found in the ventromedial, ventrolateral, and anteroventral nuclei of the thalamus (19–42%) and in the medial vestibular nucleus (23%). A significant decrease in 2‐DG uptake in deep cerebellar nuclei (‐30%) may be the result of decreased synaptic activity of GABAergic neurons within these structures resulting in enhanced excitatory output to red nucleus, thalamic, and vestibular nuclei. In dtsz hamsters, the 2‐DG uptake was not significantly altered overall within the basal ganglia. Significant increase of 14% were, however, found in discrete parts of the caudate putamen in which recent studies revealed changes of dopamine receptors. Altered neural activity within the basal ganglia may therefore contribute to increased 2‐DG uptake in the ventral thalamic nuclei as well as to decreased 2‐DG uptake (‐13%) found in the reticular thalamic nucleus. Although the present data are in line with the concept that abnormal thalamocortical activity seems to be critically involved in the dystonic syndrome, altered activities in other motor areas than output structures of the basal ganglia, such as in the red nucleus, may contribute to clinical manifestation of dystonia in mutant hamsters.
Huntington's disease confirmed by genetic testing in five african families
Authors: Silber E. , Kromberg J. , Temlett J. A. , Krause A. , Saffer D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHuntington's disease is an autosomal‐dominant inherited progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with an expanded trinucleotide repeat (CAG) sequence on the short arm of chromosome 4. The disease is considered rare in Africans. We report five black South African families of different ethnic origin with proven expansions typical of Huntington's disease and discuss the possible origins of the disease in Africa.
Orthostatic tremor: An electrophysiological analysis
Authors: Sander Howard W. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Tavoulareas George , Walters Arthur , Zimmerman Thomas , Chokroverty Sudhansu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOrthostatic tremor (OT) is a clinically defined syndrome of leg tremor while standing. Controversy surrounds whether OT is a distinct syndrome or is an essential tremor (ET) variant. We report two patients with OT. Electrophysiological testing included polymyography, accelerometry, nerve conduction, and evoked potential studies. The effects of various maneuvers and body positions on the tremor were assessed. The findings included rapid (15–17 Hz) lower‐extremity tremor burst frequency evoked by standing but not by walking or swaying; rapid upper‐extremity burst pattern synchronous with lower‐extremity bursts; and failure of electrical stimulation or mental concentration to “reset” the tremor. Additionally, there was the novel finding of accelerometric recordings in the legs revealing the same rapid frequency (16–17 Hz) as the electromyographic tremor bursts. Some prior reports have suggested that OT is related to ET by emphasizing a considerable disparity and variability between the accelerometric tremor frequency and the electromyographic burst frequency. In our patients, however, the rapid (15–17 Hz) accelerometer‐recorded tremor synchronous with the electromyographic bursts, and also the clinical improvement with clonazepam but not beta blockers or mysoline, and the lack of a family history of ET provide support that OT is distinct from ET.
1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the lentiform nucleus in primary focal hand dystonia
Authors: Naumann Markus , Warmuth‐Metz Monika , Hillerer Claudia , Solymosi László , Reiners Karlheinz 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeveral radiologic findings point toward the lentiform nucleus as a possible site of lesion in primary dystonia. Histologic examinations, however, have shown inconsistent results. 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has proved helpful to assess neuronal degeneration in a variety of basal ganglia disorders. MRS data of dystonia patients are, however, lacking so far. 1H‐MRS centered on the lentiform nuclei was performed in 14 patients with primary focal hand dystonia and in 12 healthy control subjects using a 1.5‐T MR imager. No statistically significant differences of N‐acetylaspartate/creatine and lactate/creatine ratios were found between patients and control subjects. Based on these data, the authors found no evidence that primary focal dystonia was associated with a conspicuous loss of lentiform nucleus neurons or a marked disturbance of the aerobic metabolism, although minor abnormalities cannot be excluded because of the possibly limited sensitivity of the method.
Mexiletine in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis
Authors: Ohara Shinji , Hayashi Ryoichi , Momoi Hiroki , Miki Jun , Yanagisawa Nobuo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe studied the clinical efficacy of mexiletine, a derivative oral form of lidocaine, for treatment of spasmodic torticollis. One of the nine subjects of this study was previously reported. Before starting oral mexiletine, normal saline was first injected intravenously as placebo control; lidocaine infusion then followed and clinical evaluation was provided by dystonia rating scale scores, videotape recordings, and surface electromyographic recording. In all patients, lidocaine injection resulted in a decrease of dystonic muscle contractions within 5 minutes and the effect lasted approximately 1 hour. With gradual increase of mexiletine dose, similar clinical improvement was obtained with oral doses ranging from 450–1200 mg/day for more than 6 months. Side effects in six of nine patients included upper gastrointestinal symptoms, dizziness, ataxia, and dysarthria. These were tolerable or medically manageable; only one patient required a small reduction in mexiletine dose. Strong positive correlation was found between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mexiletine concentrations with a CSF/serum ratio of 0.6 (r = 0.96, p = 0.0005) suggesting its effective penetrance into the central nervous system. We suggest that oral mexiletine therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for spasmodic torticollis.
Acute movement disorders with bilateral basal ganglia lesions in uremia
Authors: Wang Han‐Cheng , Brown Peter , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAcute and subacute extrapyramidal movement disorders are rarely reported in uremic patients. We report three such cases with basal ganglia lesions. All three had advanced renal failure with high serum creatinine levels. One of the patients had a history of ischemic heart disease and acute pulmonary edema with hypoxemia. Another patient had experienced arterial hypotension during previous hemodialysis. The third had prominent metabolic acidosis. One of the patients developed generalized dyskinesias, whereas the other two developed gait disturbances. Neuroimaging studies in all three cases showed bilateral changes in the basal ganglia. The natural history was self‐limiting with gradual improvement. Diminution of the basal ganglia lesions was demonstrated on follow‐up imaging in two of the three cases. We conclude that acute or subacute movement disorders with bilateral basal ganglia lesions may occur in uremia. Hypoperfusion with global brain ischemia and selective vulnerability of the basal ganglia to uremic toxins may account for these lesions.
Adsorption of ethoxylated alkylphenol–formaldehyde polymeric surfactants at the aqueous solution–air interface
Authors: Gendy Tahany S. , Barakat Youssef , Mead Attia I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe adsorption behaviour of some ethoxylated alkylphenol–formaldehyde polymeric non‐ionic surfactants, at the aqueous solution–air interface, was investigated by measuring the surface tension (γ) as a function of concentration (C) at four temperatures. By applying the Gibbs adsorption equation to the γ versus C data, the adsorption isotherms of these polymeric surfactants were obtained.Surface concentration (Λ) of the investigated polymeric non‐ionics was found to increase with decreasing temperature and decreasing hydrophobic group (R) chain length, while varying the length of polyoxyethylene chain (%EO) appeared to have an insigificant effect. Effects of temperature, %EO and chain length R on the surface pressure (π) of the surfactant solutions were also investigated.
Synthesis and characterisation of polyamides and polyimides from methylene bis[benzenamine] styryl pyridines
Authors: Peesapati V. , Rao U. Narasimha , Pethrick Richard A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo diamines with potential non‐linear optical characteristics, (E)‐4, 4′‐[[[2‐(4‐pyridinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]methylene]bis[benzenamine] (2a) and (E)‐4, 4′‐[[[2‐(4‐pyridinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]methylene]bis [N‐ethylbenzenamine] (2b), were condensed with dianhydrides, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and pyromellitic dianhydride, to obtain polyamic acids. These polyamic acids were soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl formamide and dimethyl acetamide, and could be cast into transparent, tough and flexible films, which on cyclodehydration yield amorphous thermally stable polyimides. Characterisation using IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry are reported.
Effects of rubbers and thermoplastics as additives on cyanate polymerization
Authors: Cao ZhiQiang , Mechin Françoise , Pascault Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeveral rubber (acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer) or thermoplastic (polyethersulfone) additives bearing different chain ends were introduced into pure aromatic dicyanates. We studied the influence of these initially miscible modifiers on the polymerization kinetics, as a function of their chemical structure and concentration. It appears that apart from those bearing a labile hydrogen atom, the additives play almost no role on the polycyclotrimerization rate; neither does phase separation. However, the additives influence the structure of the final networks insofar as they partially dissolve in the matrix and thus modify both the final Tg and the onset of vitrification, compared with the pure monomer. Finally, the amino‐ or phenolic additives can react with cyanate functions and produce adducts which are well‐known catalysts for cyanate cyclotrimerization; in their presence, a marked enhancement of the polymerization rate can thus be observed, together with the thermal effects mentioned above.