bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MISDIAGNOSIS OF FETAL HEART RATE DURING A TWIN LABOUR
Authors: Fehrmann H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDeath of a first twin was unsuspected despite continuous fetal scalp electrode and ultrasound fetal heart rate monitoring. The electrocardiogram of the live second twin was detected via the scalp electrode attached to the dead first twin, and the coincidence of the two recordings was not appreciated.
OBSTETRIC ASPECTS OF MIDTRIMESTER FETAL BLOOD SAMPLING BY NEEDLING OR FETOSCOPY
Authors: Fairweather D. V. I. , Ward R. H. T. , Modell B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe describe our experience at University College Hospital, London, with the first 135 patients submitted to midtrimester fetal blood sampling for antenatal diagnosis of β‐thalassaemia major, other thalassaemias and homozygous sickle cell disease. Blind needling and fetoscopy with sampling are evaluated and their application dişcussed. With experienced operators 9 per cent of patients experienced a fetal loss.
OUTCOME OF PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY EARLY VAGINAL BLEEDING
Authors: Funderburk S. J. , Guthrie D. , Meldrum D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryObstetrical and neonatal data were analysed for pregnancy outcome in 259 deliveries complicated by first or second trimester vaginal bleeding. There was a high incidence of low birth weight, low gestational age, perinatal death, asphyxia, breech delivery, placental infarcts and small‐for‐dates term infants. Fetal anomalies were slightly though not significantly increased. Combined suboptimal pregnancy outcome occurred in 29.7 per cent of these deliveries compared to 15.2 per cent of 25 118 concurrent deliveries without reported early pregnancy bleeding (p<0.0001). The combined risk remained approximately doubled even for primigravidae and for women without prior illness or pregnancy complications. The highest combined risk, 61.5 per cent, was for women with at least two prior abortions, premature births or perinatal deaths and no prior term births. These findings suggest that early gestational vaginal bleeding is one predictor of suboptimal pregnancy outcome.
A STUDY OF THE BENEFITS AND ACCEPTABILITY OF AMBULATION IN SPONTANEOUS LABOUR
Authors: Williams R. M. , Thom Margaret H. , Studd J. W. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective study of 300 consecutive deliveries has been made to assess the benefits and acceptability of ambulation during spontaneous labour. Ambulation during the first stage occurred in 48 patients with 55 non‐ambulant patients acting as controls. No difference in the length of first or second stage, incidence of fetal distress or mode of delivery was observed. In spite of the lack of apparent advantage to the fetal condition, ambulation was acceptable to both patients and nursing staff and should not be discouraged.
THE INFLUENCE OF BETAMETHASONE AND ORCIPRENALINE ON THE INCIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN THE NEWBORN AFTER PRETERM LABOUR
Authors: Schutte M. F. , Treffers P. E. , Koppe J. G. , Breur W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a randomized double‐blind trial on antenatal corticosteroid treatment for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) a corticosteroid related beneficial effect was found. Possibly of more significance was the finding that the children born within 12 hours of their mother's admission to hospital showed a higher incidence of RDS than those born between 12 hours and one week after admission even in the placebo and untreated groups. Beta‐adrenergic drugs seemed to exert no other influence on the occurrence of RDS than can be explained by the delay of delivery. Prolonged ruptured membranes appeared to decrease the incidence of RDS to the same extent as other symptoms of threatened preterm labour.
INTERACTION OF VASOPRESSIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN ON MYOMETRIAL ACTIVITY IN VIVO IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Laudański T. , ÅKerlund M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe interaction of vasopressin (VP) and prostaglandin (PG) F2α on myometrial activity was studied by intrauterine pressure recording in 40 women due to undergo therapeutic abortion in the first trimester. In a control group the uterine activity did not change during eight hours of recording without drug administration. In a second group, who had intravenous injections of 8‐lysine vasopressin (LVP, 0.1–0.5 IU), it was found that 0.3 1U was the smallest dose that consistently gave an effect on myometrial activity, and that repeated injections gave responses of practically the same magnitude. In the remaining women in the study, LVP injections, 0.3 IU, were given before, during and two hours after an intravenous infusion of PGF2α at 4 or 20 [μg/minute. Although there were great individual variations, potentiation and enhancement of the LVP effect were the most common reactions, especially with the lower dose of PG. An interaction of PG and other endogenous myometrial stimulants such as VP might be important in the aetiology of spontaneous abortion and the combination of PG with VP‐like substances might be of value in therapeutic abortion during the first trimester.
THE RESPONSE OF ENDOMETRIAL BLOOD VESSELS TO INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: Sheppard B. L. , Bonnar J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe ultrastructure of the vascular supply of the endometrium in uteri containing inert and copper bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) has been compared with that in uteri removed at comparable stages of the menstrual cycle for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In the endometrium from all uteri containing inert and copper IUCDs, stromal capillaries below the devices showed extensive microthrombosis with platelet and fibrin aggregations filling gaps in the endothelial linings of the vessels. Considerable stromal haemorrhage and erosion of surface epithelium was associated with this vascular pathology. In the uteri removed for dysfunctional bleeding, microthrombosis was a rare occurrence. In the stromal vessels of the endometrium not in contact with the devices, the surface epithelium was usually intact and the underlying stromal capillaries often showed breaks in the endothelial lining but without a haemostatic plug. Leucocyte migration into the stroma was more evident in association with the copper IUCDs than the other devices. The ultrastructural changes in the microvasculature of the endometrium associated with IUCDs did not appear to be related to a stage of the menstrual cycle. The extent and type of microvascular changes appeared to be related to the proximity and surface area of the IUCD and to the presence or absence of copper in the device.
GENUINE STRESS INCONTINENCE AND DETRUSOR INSTABILITY—A REVIEW OF 200 PATIENTS
Authors: Cardozo Linda D. , Stanton S. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA clinical and urodynamic analysis of 100 women with geniune stress incontinence and 100 women with detrusor instability is presented to compare and contrast the conditions and the results of their treatment. Emphasis is placed on the need to distinguish accurately between these two conditions.
INDUCTION OF LABOUR WITH VAGINAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 PESSARIES
Authors: Hefni M. A , Lewis G. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWax‐based pessaries, each containing 3 mg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), were administered intravaginally for the induction of labour. The induction to delivery intervals were shorter than those in a control group induced by amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin. There was a remarkable reduction in the Caesarean section rate from 12 per cent in the control group to 2.4 per cent in the study group in primiparae, and from 8 per cent to 1.6 per cent in multiparae. Side effects associated with the PGE2 were rare, as were complications.
INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF 15(S)‐15‐METHYL PROSTAGLANDIN F2α FOR INDUCTION OF LABOUR IN PATIENTS WITH FETAL DEATH
Authors: Wallenburg H. C. S. , Keirse M. J. N. C. , Freie H. M. P. , Blacquière J. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLabour was induced with repeated intramuscular injections of 125 or 250 μg of a 15‐methyl analogue of prostaglandin F2α (15‐me‐PGF2α) in 97 women harbouring a dead fetus for 1 to 42 days in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The 24‐hour cumulative expulsion rate was 93 per cent in 35 nulliparae and 95 per cent in 61 multiparae in whom labour was successfully induced. There was one failure in a parous patient. The median time interval between the first injection and delivery was significantly longer in nulliparae (10.4 hours) than in parous women (7.3 hours). There were no important differences in efficacy or side effects between the 125 and the 250 μg dosage scheme. No serious complications occurred, but gastrointestinal side effects were prominent. It is concluded that these side effects are compensated for by the simplicity, efficacy and safety of the procedure.
THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF PROSTANOIDS BY THE HUMAN CERVIX DURING PREGNANCY: PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Ellwood D. A. , Mitchell M. D. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe ability of the pregnant human cervix to produce prostanoids has been studied using an in vitro superfusion technique. Tissues obtained from four patients during the first trimester of pregnancy produced prostaglandin E (PGE), prostaglandin F (PGF), 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐oxo‐prostaglandin F (PGFM) and 6‐oxo‐prostaglandin F2α (6‐oxo‐PGF1α). Production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was minimal. Preliminary studies using tissue taken at Caesarean hysterectomy during the last trimester of pregnancy indicate that the cervix may show increased prostanoid production during active dilatation. The implications of these observations for an involvement of prostanoids in cervical softening during human parturition are discussed.
SMALL BIPARIETAL DIAMETER OF FETUSES WITH SPINA BIFIDA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTENATAL SCREENING
Authors: Wald N. , Cuckle H. , Boreham Jillian , Stirrat G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe biparietal diameter of 20 fetuses with spina bifida was measured during pregnancy by ultrasound scanning, mainly in the second trimester. The mean result was 0.83 cm smaller than the value based on 186 unaffected pregnancies at the same gestational ages (P<0.001), suggesting that spina bifida fetuses are growth retarded. The practical consequence of this finding is that the routine use of ultrasound in pregnancy will increase the sensitivity of AFP screening for open spina bifida at 16 to 18 weeks gestation from 79 per cent as estimated by the UK Collaborative AFP Study to about 90 per cent or more.
THE EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL PRESSURE AND LOCAL STASIS ON TRANSCUTANEOUS MONITORING OF FETAL OXYGEN TENSION
Authors: Fall O. , Ek B. , Nilsson B. A. , Rooth G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA methodological study of the influence of local stasis and mechanical pressure on the continuous transcutaneous oxygen tension electrode (tcPO2 electrode) during intrapartum monitoring is presented. No effect of mechanical pressure up to 7.3 kPa (55 mm Hg) on the electrode membrane was found. Reduced blood flow in the capillaries of the tissue beneath the electrode caused by stasis or pressure effect resulted, below a certain threshold value, in tcPO2 decrease. The results emphasize that an attempt to differentiate between a methodologically caused decrease and a decrease due to impaired oxygenation must be made when evaluating the absolute fetal arterial oxygen tension from fetal tcPO2. The consistently observed decrease in relative local perfusion (‘flow’) may be a help in this respect.
THE EFFECT OF SEGMENTAL EPIDURAL ANALGESIA ON MATERNAL PROLACTIN DURING LABOUR
Authors: Jouppila R. , Jouppila P. , Moilanen K. , Pakarinen A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations were determined during the course of induced labours in 18 normal parturients. Every second mother was given segmental epidural analgesia for pain relief during the first stage of labour and the remaining parturients served as controls. The maternal PRL level declined during labour in both groups, which contrasts with the increased output seen in non‐pregnant patients subjected to stress. The lowest levels were reached during the first stage of labour. The reduction in PRL levels was statistically significant in the control group but not in the epidural group of patients.
ABNORMAL FETAL HEART RATE ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Powell Phillips W. D , Towell M. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe fetal heart rate (FHR) records obtained from 3140 patients were reviewed. Thirty‐seven patients gave birth to an infant with a major congenital abnormality. Fifty‐one per cent of this group demonstrated an abnormal FHR in the antepartum or intrapartum period. The Caesarean Section rate was 48 per cent and perinatal mortality was 50 per cent. In patients with an abnormal antepartum FHR record, an underlying congenital abnormality of the fetus should be considered.
BIRTH WEIGHT BEFORE AND AFTER A SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
Authors: Alberman Eva , Roman Eve , Pharoah P. O. D. , Chamberlain G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA survey of pregnancies occurring in 3502 women doctors provided an opportunity to examine the relationship between early fetal loss and birth weight. This was found to be complex. The most important observations were that the mean birth weight of babies preceding a spontaneous fetal loss was lower than that of livebirths preceding another livebirth, and that in the subgroup of women with repeated early losses, mean birth weight fell with increasing pregnancy order. In contrast, mean birth weight of the first livebirth following a single spontaneous abortion was higher, though not significantly, than that of livebirths in the first pregnancy.
ADRENAL‐SEMINAL‐PITUITARY PROTEIN LEVELS IN MATERNAL SERUM AND AMNIOTIC FLUID
Authors: Etheridge R. J. , Al‐Awqati M. A. , Grudzinskas J. G. , Obiekwe B. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAdrenal‐seminal‐pituitary protein (ASP) was measured by radioimmunoassay in maternal serum and amniotic fluid samples obtained throughout pregnancy. Levels of ASP in maternal circulation showed a steady rise from a mean of 350 μg/1 at ten weeks gestation to 526 μg/1 at term. There was a further rise in ASP levels during labour. In contrast, a slight decline in amniotic fluid ASP was observed throughout pregnancy but the levels rose sharply during labour. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that ASP is closely associated with prosta‐glandin physiology.
FLURBIPROFEN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSMENORRHOEA
Authors: Pogmore J. R. , Filshie G. M 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe analgesic effect of flurbiprofen, aspirin and placebo in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea was compared in 41 patients using a double blind triple crossover study. No statistically significant differences were found between any pair of treatments and the control for pain relief. Thirty patients had assessments for all three treatment months, 11 preferred flurbiprofen, 9 preferred placebo, 6 preferred aspirin and 4 had no preference between any of the treatments. Side effects were reported by 14 of the 41 patients: 3 during the control month, 6 during the flurbiprofen month, 4 during the aspirin month and 7 during the placebo month.
EFFECT OF DANAZOL ON SERUM GONADOTROPHINS AND STEROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN WOMEN WITH MENORRHAGIA
Authors: Chimbira T. H. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Cope E. , Turnbull A. C 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 13 ovulatory women with objective evidence of menorrhagia (menstrual blood loss greater than 80 ml), danazol 400 mg given daily for 12 weeks suppressed ovulation as shown by absence of gonadotrophin peaks, low serum progesterone levels and flat basal body temperature recordings. Serum concentrations of luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were within the range found during the normal menstrual cycle but oestradiol concentrations tended to fall, reaching levels less than 100 pmol/1 in some patients. Danazol treatment had no effect on levels of androstenedione or dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate. The presence or absence of cyclical bleeding on treatment, and the measured blood loss was unrelated to circulating oestradiol levels.
INTRAUTERINE DIGOXIN TREATMENT OF FETAL PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA CASE REPORT
Authors: Llngman G. , Ohrlander S. , Ohlin P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient with fetal paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PST) with a heart rate above 300 beats/minute in the 29th week of pregnancy is described. The fetus showed signs of severe cardiac failure and was, therefore, digitalized by giving the mother 0.5 mg digoxin intravenously on the first day and then 0.25 mg oral digoxin daily throughout the pregnancy. After one day a normal rhythm was observed. The patient was delivered of a healthy girl after 38 weeks of pregnancy. Digoxin concentrations in samples of umbilical cord vein and artery, intrapartum scalp capillary, and amniotic fluid were almost equal, but somewhat lower than in simultaneously obtained maternal serum. Intrauterine digoxin treatment of fetuses with PST is discussed.
A CASE OF BENIGN INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Shekleton P. , Fidler J. , Grimwade J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe describe a 30‐year‐old patient who developed benign intracranial hypertension at 34 weeks in her second pregnancy and was treated both medically and by decompression of the perioptic meninges; her visual symptoms and signs remained static and she was delivered at 35 weeks by Caesarean section for poor progress in an induced labour.
WOMEN'S ATTITUDES TO SCREENING FOR NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
Authors: Bennett M. J. , Gau Gillian S. , Gau D. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe attitudes of 2254 pregnant and 262 other women to serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) screening for neural tube defects (NTDs) were investigated, the former by interview and the latter by questionnaires to which 228 replies were received. Over 97 per cent of the pregnant women wanted to be included in such a screening programme. Ninety‐six per cent of other women who completed the questionnaire were in favour of national screening for NTDs but 14 per cent of them were uncertain about the action they would take if the test were positive.
SCREENING FOR DIABETES DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Gillmer M. D. G. , Oakley N. W. , Beard R. W. , Nithyananthan R. , Cawston M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBlood was taken for plasma glucose estimation one hour after oral ingestion of 50 g of glucose in 948 of 970 women booking at an antenatal clinic during one year. An abnormal result (≧7.7 mmol/1) was obtained in 74 subjects of whom 68 subsequently had an oral glucose tolerance test. Fourteen of these women (1·5 per cent of the study population) were found to have chemical diabetes.
EVALUATION OF PLASMA GLUCOSE CONTROL IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY CHEMICAL DIABETES
Authors: Rizvi J. , Gillmer M. D. G. , Oakley N. W. , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo‐hourly plasma glucose measurements were made over a 24‐hour period in 24 pregnant women with chemical diabetes treated by dietary carbohydrate restriction alone. The values obtained between midnight and 0600 hours displayed the best correlation with the mean of the diurnal values, the strongest individual correlation being at 0200 hours. During the daytime, the mean of the plasma glucose values before breakfast (0600 hours) and lunch (1200 hours) and two hours after supper (2000 hours) provided the strongest correlation with the mean diurnal value and these are recommended as the routine sampling times for assessment of diabetic control in pregnant women with dietary treatment for chemical diabetes.
SENSITIVITY OF A DOUBLE‐BLIND TRIAL OF RITODRINE AND PLACEBO IN TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Prescott P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA critical examination is made of the results of a recently reported double blind trial comparing ritodrine and placebo. It is shown that interval estimates are more informative than p‐values obtained from significance tests and that the trial involving 49 patients was insensitive to differences which could be clinically important. Contrary to the conclusions presented, the data suggest that further evaluation of the effects of ritodrine in twin pregnancies is necessary to clarify the situation.
FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING USING THE ABDOMINAL FETAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Authors: Carter M. C. , Gunn Philippa , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn evaluation of a prototype abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) module for use in a Sonicaid FM3R monitor is described; 103 antenatal recordings of fetal heart rate (FHR) were attempted in 56 patients between 21 and 43 weeks gestation. The overall success rate was 54 per cent but the proportion of successful recordings was reduced between 24 and 36 weeks gestation. Most successful recordings were obtained with the first electrode placings and the quality of the recordings was generally higher than those obtained by simultaneously recorded FHR from ultrasound. Monitoring using the abdominal ECG during parturition was found to be unreliable. The advantages of the method are that it is non‐invasive, the patient is not restricted by belts and the technique is easy to apply. However the uncertainty of obtaining a FHR trace between 24 and 36 weeks gestation is a major disadvantage.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN MIDLINE AND MEDIOLATERAL EPISIOTOMIES
Authors: Coats P. M. , Chan K. K. , Wilkins M. , Beard R. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA randomised prospective study of 407 primiparous patients compared the consequences of midline and mediolateral episiotomies. The patients' estimates of the pain from their episiotomies were similar. Anal sphincter injury was significantly more common after a midline procedure but no rectovaginal fistulae occurred. Scarring was less noticeable after the midline incision and intercourse began earlier.
POLYAMINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND FETAL MEMBRANES
Authors: Illei G. , Morgan D. M. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPolyamine oxidase activity, already shown to be present in maternal serum, was measured in amniotic fluid between 15 and 40 weeks of gestation in 38 samples. The enzyme activity increased as pregnancy progressed, the levels being lower than those found in the maternal serum. Homogenates of chorion, amnion, separately and together, also showed the presence of enzyme activity, the levels being lower than those previously found in the decidua, but substantially higher than those found in the placenta. It is suggested that the enzyme found in amniotic fluid might be the consequence of a diffusion from the decidua through the membranes.
FETOSCOPY GUIDED BY REAL‐TIME ULTRASOUND FOR PURE FETAL BLOOD SAMPLES, FETAL SKIN SAMPLES, AND EXAMINATION OF THE FETUS IN UTERO
Authors: Rodeck C. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTechniques for sampling pure fetal blood, fetal skin and for fetal examination by fetoscopy are described in detail after experience gained in 151 diagnostic fetoscopies on 145 patients. Of particular importance were a real‐time scanner and a particle size analyser. The region of insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta was the optimum site for obtaining pure fetal blood, and this was achieved in 136 out of 143 patients (95 per cent) sampled at 18 to 23 weeks gestation. This made maternal blood transfusion before prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies unnecessary. An anterior placenta rarely prevented successful fetoscopy, and often made fetal blood sampling easier. Four fetal losses (3·7 per cent) were judged to be due to fetoscopy.