bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, Safety and Retention in Care Among Adolescents and Youth With HIV on Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine Treatment: Real-World Observational Cohort Outcomes
Authors: Williams Tierra , Unternaher Justin , Koay Wei Li Adeline , Anderson Lorato , Bright Kimberly , Mareuil Joanna , Rakhmanina Natella 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) can improve adherence among adolescents and youth with HIV (AYHIV). We evaluated LAI CAB/RPV treatment outcomes among AYHIV.

Methods:
An observational cohort study of AYHIV <25 years initiated LAI CAB/RPV from October 2021 to June 2024 as a standard of care. Descriptive data included demographics (age, race/ethnicity and gender/sexual orientation), body mass index, HIV history, efficacy (CD4, HIV RNA and resistance), safety and retention in care.

Results:
Twenty-five AYHIV (48% cisgender females; median age, 19 years; 64% with perinatally acquired HIV; median body mass index = 25.3 kg/m2; 52% virally suppressed for ≥6 months) received LAI CAB/RPV for a median duration of 11.8 (range, 0.8–31.3) months. Majority (n=24; 96%) initiated monthly LAI CAB/RPV injections, and 19 AYHIV (76%) switched to bimonthly injections. Seven AYHIV (28%) experienced transient viremia episodes (1–5/person; ranges, 48–1100 copies/mL) with most (78%) occurring within the initial 12 months, all episodes resolved at retesting after 3 to 91 days and none resulted in CAB and/or RPV resistance. Injection-associated pain/discomfort was mild to moderate and decreased over time. Grade 2 adverse events were self-resolved and included 3 AYHIV with postinjection adverse reactions and 1 AYHIV with QTc prolongation. Three cisgender female AYHIV became pregnant and continued LAI CAB/RPV. There were no discontinuations, missed or delayed injections. All AYHIV were virally suppressed at the end of the study follow-up.

Conclusions:
We report 100% engagement in care and viral suppression among 25 AYHIV on LAI CAB/RPV during study follow-up. More data are needed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and sustainability of LAI CAB/RPV treatment in AYHIV.
The efficiency of venturi versus peristaltic based phacoemulsification in femtosecond laser cataract surgery
Authors: Scott Rachel A , Holtmeyer Caleb J , Parker Travis M , Willis Jessica K , Scott Wendell J , Olson Randall J 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To compare the efficiency of peristaltic vs venturi vacuum platforms when applied to the femtosecond treated cataract.

Setting:
Outpatient Eye Center, Mercy Health System, Springfield, MO, USA.

Design:
This is a prospective randomized controlled trial of 111 patients with moderate nuclear sclerosis scheduled for bilateral routine laser cataract surgery (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT03970525).

Methods:
Patients were randomized to receive surgery in one eye with a peristaltic system and the other with a venturi system. The vacuum and phaco power were the same for both systems. The primary outcomes were EFX, UST (ultrasound time), PIOT (phaco in/out time), surgery time (speculum in/out time), and the ECC (endothelial cell count).

Results:
The type of vacuum/phacoemulsification system used during laser cataract surgery had a significant impact on the four procedural outcomes. Specifically, phacoemulsification energy (EFX), ultrasound time (UST), phaco tip in/out time (PIOT), and total microscope time (speculum in/out case time) were lower when the venturi system was used compared to the peristaltic system (t(100)=-4.28, p <.001). The vacuum system used did not impact the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) or central cornea thickness (CCT). ECC decreased 6.38% with venturi and 8.32% with peristaltic (t(87) = 1.19, p = .235). There were no complications.

Conclusion:
Venturi-based phaco was more efficient than peristaltic, based on energy and time, when used for removal of the femtosecond treated cataract.
Machine Learning-based Prediction of Mortality Among Malnourished Patients Hospitalized With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Limketkai Berkeley N. , Li Zhaoping , Mullin Gerard E. , Parian Alyssa M. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Malnourished patients hospitalized with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification can help identify patients who are most in need of medical and nutritional intervention.

Goal:
This study aimed to develop a machine-learning model that accurately predicts mortality in hospitalized IBD patients with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM).

Study:
Hospitalized adults with IBD and PCM were identified in the 2016 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Random Forest Classifier (RFC) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) models were constructed using a 70% randomly sampled training set from the years 2016 to 2018, tested using the remaining 30% of 2016 to 2018 data, and externally validated using 2019 data. Patient characteristics were evaluated using weighted estimates that accounted for the complex sampling design of the NIS.

Results:
Among 879,730 malnourished patients hospitalized for IBD, 1930 (0.2%) died. Compared with malnourished patients who survived, those who died were generally older, White, had ulcerative colitis with multiple comorbidities, and admitted on the weekend. The accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity for both models were 0.99, 0.98, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.91 for both models.

Conclusion:
Machine learning models can accurately predict mortality in malnourished patients hospitalized with IBD, while solely relying on readily available clinical data. Further integration of these tools into clinical practice could improve risk stratification of IBD patients with PCM and potentially reduce mortality in this high-risk population by prompting earlier intervention.
A case report of gastric antral vascular ectasia treated by endoscopic band ligation combined with lauromacrogol injection
Authors: Chen Linbo , Sun Keke , Chen Yukai , Hu Pingping , Lin Qi 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare acquired lesion characterized by vascular dilation in the gastric antrum, frequently results in occult or overt gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic intervention remains the cornerstone of therapy. Argon plasma coagulation was previously considered a first treatment option. But recently, endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has emerged as an alternative, increasingly favored for its safety and efficacy. Nonetheless, a consensus on the most effective treatment approach has yet to be established.

Patient concerns:
A 74-year-old female was hospitalized for persistent chest tightness and dyspnea for 1 year. Physical examination showed an anemic appearance with normal blood pressure. Upon admission to the hospital, the blood routine examination revealed severe anemia and the fecal occult blood test was persistently positive.

Diagnoses:
The endoscopic observations and histological evidence led to a diagnosis of GAVE for the patient.

Interventions:
Considering the poor response to prior pharmacotherapy, endoscopic intervention was selected for this hospitalization. The initial EBL alone did not yield particularly satisfactory results. Combining EBL with lauromacrogol injection as a subsequent treatment resulted in encouraging outcomes.

Outcomes:
At the 6-week follow-up, the patient exhibited a negative fecal occult blood test, normalization of hemoglobin level, and endoscopic images demonstrated near complete resolution of vascular ectasias.

Lessons:
The combination of EBL with lauromacrogol injection has shown a satisfactory short-term outcome, providing a new option for the endoscopic management of GAVE. However, its long-term efficacy still requires further observation.
Differential diagnosis of thrombosis and myxoma in unusual heart positions by dual-energy CT multiple parameter imaging: A case series
Authors: Wang Yunting , Cui Yuxin , Chen Yunbing , Lan Honglin 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Thrombus is the most common occupying lesion in the cardiac chambers, it is often distinguished from cardiac neoplastic occupations. Among them, the most common is cardiac myxoma, whose imaging manifestations are often confused with thrombus. However, the 2 types of lesions have different therapeutic strategies and are both potentially high-risk sources of embolism, so early differentiation between intracardiac thrombus and cardiac tumor is essential. In this study, we intend to investigate the value of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) in the differential diagnosis of cardiac thrombus and myxoma by retrospectively analyzing the dual-energy CT-related parameters of 2 cases of intracardiac thrombus and 1 case of cardiac myxoma.

Patient concerns:
Three cases of masses located in uncommon areas of the heart with comparable imaging characteristics are presented in this study.

Diagnoses:
Echocardiography revealed an isoechoic mass in the cardiac chambers, while CT scans showed a hypodense occupancy with varying morphologies. Postoperative pathology or follow-up after treatment confirmed 1 case as a right ventricular thrombus, another as a right atrial thrombus, and the third as a right ventricular myxoma.

Interventions:
In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of dual-energy CT-related parameters in 2 cases of intracardiac thrombus and 1 case of cardiac myxoma.

Outcomes:
Our findings indicate notable differences in the slopes of the energy spectral curves, mean iodine density, and effective atomic number between the intracardiac thrombus and myxoma cases.

Lessons:
Drawing upon existing literature, we propose combining different quantitative analysis methodologies to create a more objective foundation for distinguishing between cardiac thrombosis and myxoma.
A case report of anaphylactic shock caused by lidocaine
Authors: Mi Jiang-Hui , Shen Ting-Ting , Wang Hong-Wei 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Local anesthesia is a widely used technique for emergency wound closure, with lidocaine among the most commonly employed local anesthetics. Allergic reactions to lidocaine are rare, with anaphylaxis being even more uncommon.

Patient concerns and diagnosis:
This report describes a 72-year-old male patient who presented with a right foot injury and underwent wound suturing under lidocaine local anesthesia. Although the procedure went smoothly, the patient developed dizziness, cold sweats, hypotension, and bradycardia 30 minutes later, leading to a diagnosis of anaphylaxis due to lidocaine allergy.

Interventions and outcomes:
Immediate treatment for anaphylactic shock was initiated, including intramuscular administration of adrenaline, fluid resuscitation, anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, oxygen therapy, and symptomatic supportive care. Within 20 minutes of active treatment, the patient’s symptoms were effectively controlled. The patient was safely discharged after 24 hours of observation. Health education was provided to enhance self-management skills.

Lessons:
Although rare, anaphylaxis induced by lidocaine can be fatal. Early recognition, prompt intervention, thorough preoperative assessment, and careful postoperative monitoring are critical to improving survival rates.
Rare dual MYH9–ROS1 fusion variants in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Luo Tian , Ji Wentao , Guo Weihong , Zhang Dandan , Liang Jianping , Lv Yanhua 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusion is a rare but important driver mutation in non-small cell lung cancer, which usually shows significant sensitivity to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. With the widespread application of next-generation sequencing (NGS), more fusions and co-mutations of ROS1 have been discovered. Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) is a rare fusion partner of ROS1 gene as reported. Here, we report an even rare case with coexistence of short and long variants MYH9–ROS1 fusions at the RNA level accompanied by TP53 mutation, insensitively to antitumor therapy.

Patient concerns and diagnosis:
A 37-year-old nonsmoking man was diagnosed with stage IVB (T4N3M1c) lung adenocarcinoma. The tumor was identified to have MYH9 (exon 37)–ROS1 (exon 35) rearrangement with TP53 mutation at the DNA level by DNA-NGS analysis of lymph node biopsy tissue in March 2023. Interestingly, it was transcribed into coexistence of short and long variants MYH9–ROS1 (M36, R36) and MYH9–ROS1 (M36, R35) fusions at RNA level by RNA-NGS analysis.

Interventions:
First-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors crizotinib was given firstly, showing partial response (PR) but significant progression within 3 months. To determine the resistance mechanism to crizotinib and the genetic variation, DNA-NGS and RNA-NGS were performed again on a new biopsy tissue of lymph node in August 2023.

Outcomes:
Rare coexistence of short and long variants of MYH9–ROS1 fusions was identified again, but the typical mechanisms of crizotinib resistance were not observed. Switching to lorlatinib resulted in brief PR about 2 months. Subsequent 2 courses of system chemotherapy provided short-term PR less than 2 months. The patient died with a total survival of 10 months.

Lessons:
We must pay attention to rare dual short and long variants of the MYH9–ROS1 fusions, it may affect the efficacy of ROS1-tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeted therapy.
Effectiveness of regorafenib in second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Yunzhi , Bai Yu 
Published: January 2025

Background:
In patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following sorafenib failure, regorafenib has been used as an initial second-line drug. It is unclear the real efficacy and safety of sorafenib-regorafenib sequential therapy compared to placebo or other treatment (cabozantinib or nivolumab or placebo) in advanced HCC.

Methods:
Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Ovid) were systematically searched for eligible articles from their inception to July, 2024. Included articles were selected based on strict eligibility criteria. Review Manager 5.4 software were performed for statistical analysis.

Results:
Ten studies with 2349 HCC patients of whom 1370 received regorafenib treatment, and 979 underwent cabozantinb, nivolumab or placebo were selected for meta-analysis. The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis found regorafenib could significantly prolong overall survival (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.29, P = .02) than other treatment (cabozantinib or nivolumab or placebo) in second-line treatment of HCC following sorafenib failure. No significant difference in progression-free survival (SMD = −0.03; 95% CI = −0.13 to 0.06; P = .53), overall response rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.24 to 1.47; P = .26), disease control rate (RR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.7 to 2.16; P = .48) between 2 groups. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that nivolumab has better overall response rate results than regorafenib (RR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.61; P < .0001).

Conclusions:
Compared with other treatment (cabozantinib or nivolumab or placebo), regorafenib seemed to be more effective for patients with HCC who have not responded to initial sorafenib treatment.
Second Primary Neoplasms in Pediatric Cancer Survivors With Single Institution Experience From Turkey
Authors: Hekimci Özdemir Hamiyet , TürkYilmaz Sena , Ataseven Eda , Özek Gülcihan , Aksoylar Serap , Arun Kamer Serra , Kantar Mehmet 
Published: January 2025

Background:
This study aims to establish the characteristics of second primary neoplasms (SPNs) and the long-term follow-up status of a tertiary pediatric oncology center.

Methods:
Records of 1799 patients followed up in the pediatric oncology division between January 1981 and December 2022 were evaluated retrospectively.

Results:
Thirty-four (1.9%) cases of secondary neoplasms were identified throughout 42 years. The 5-year and 10-year cumulative incidence was 1% and 4%, respectively. The 3 most common SPNs were thyroid carcinomas (TC), central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and leukemias. The shortest median latent period of SPN detection was 15.5 (2 to 35) months in secondary leukemias, whereas 8 (0 to 17) years in all SPNs. Secondary solid tumors that occurred within the radiation field were TC and meningiomas with a 5.5 (3 to 12) and 16 (6 to 22) years latency period, respectively. Ten patients died; the median death time from the diagnosis of SPN was 10 months in all secondary leukemias and 3.5 months in CNS tumors. The 5-year overall survival was 91%, with a median follow-up time of 13.1 years in all patients with SPN.

Conclusions:
Considering the SPN-inducing effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, patient-protective improvements in treatment protocols are required. Multidisciplinary and long-term follow-up is essential even in adulthood because of the long latency period of some SPN occurring in pediatric cancer survivors.
A Rare Case of Peritoneal Mesothelioma Detected by 18F-AlF-NOTA-Octreotide PET/CT
Authors: Hou Guozhu , Cheng Xin , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zheng Rong , Wang Xuejuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a case of 37-year-old man with multiple masses in the abdominal and pelvic cavity who underwent 18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT. The masses demonstrated heterogeneously increased uptake on 18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT and were suggestive of neuroendocrine tumor. However, the histopathological examinations confirmed the masses to be peritoneal mesothelioma. This case indicated that peritoneal mesothelioma should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnoses for 18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide-avid tumors.
A Very Atypical Meckel Diverticulum on 99mTcO4− Scintigraphy
Authors: Foran Ann , Attaseth Pensiree , Grant Frederick D. , Zhuang Hongming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Typical Meckel diverticulum on 99mTcO4− scintigraphy usually appears early in the dynamic imaging in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, without change of location during the study. We report a case of pathology-proven Meckel diverticulum a 7-year-old boy, which appeared only on the later part of the 99mTcO4− study in the midline upper pelvis which gradually changed location during the study.
Icariside II attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia by regulating NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis
Authors: Feng Wenzhong , Fang Dongfei , Tang Fangying , Gao Jianmei , Chen Fuchao , Li Zhihao , Duan Cancan , Zhang Yan , Yu Ming , Wang Pingping , Zhang Jianyong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Epimedii Folium, first recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its effects of “benefiting Qi and strengthening the heart.” Icariside II (ICS II) is one of the main active components of Epimedii Folium, possessing cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential mechanisms of ICS II on myocardial ischemia (MI) remain unclear.

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II in treating isoproterenol-induced MI in rats.

Methods
A rat model of MI was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, myocardial enzymes analysis, heart weight index, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, histopathology, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II on MI rats.

Results
Pharmacodynamic studies suggested that ICS II inhibited ST-segment elevation in electrocardiograms, improved cardiac function, reduced heart weight index and myocardial enzyme levels, decreased myocardial infarct size, alleviated cardiac histological damage, and inhibited apoptosis, thereby exerting cardioprotective effects in MI rats. Further studies revealed that ICS II may partially inhibit the expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis-related targets at both protein and mRNA levels.

Conclusions
O`nary molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis to alleviate inflammatory responses.
Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy With E-Field Modeling
Authors: Ren Caili , Kung Simon , Croarkin Paul E. , Opitz Alexander , Forester Brent P. , Hermida Adriana P. , Mueller Martina , Pagali Sandeep R. , Petrides Georgios , Seiner Stephen J. , Yoon Isabel A. , Lapid Maria I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, its potential cognitive side effects necessitate careful dosing to balance therapeutic benefits and cognitive stability. Recent advances in electric field (E-field) modeling offer promising avenues to optimize ECT dosing. This review synthesizes current knowledge on E-field modeling in ECT and explores its clinical applications. It examines the variability in E-field strengths and distributions induced by ECT and their impact on clinical outcomes. Additionally, the relationship between E-field strengths, neuroplasticity, and therapeutic efficacy is discussed. Translational studies of E-field-informed ECT are highlighted, emphasizing individualized optimal amplitude dosing and potential clinical applications. This review provides useful insights into how E-field modeling can improve the effectiveness of ECT while minimizing adverse effects, helping guide future research and clinical practice.
A Bayesian framework for ranking genes based on their statistical evidence for differential expression
Authors: Hoerbst Franziska , Sidhu Gurpinder Singh , Omori Thelonious , Tomkins Melissa , Morris Richard J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdvances in sequencing technologies have revolutionised our ability to capture the complete RNA profile in tissue samples, allowing for comparative analyses of RNA levels between developmental processes, environmental responses, or treatments. However, quantifying changes in gene expression remains challenging, given inherent biological variability and technological limitations. To address this, we introduce a Bayesian framework for differential gene expression (DGE) analysis. Our framework unifies and streamlines a complex analysis, typically involving parameter estimations and multiple statistical tests, into a concise mathematical equation. This allows statistical evidence for differential expression to be computed rapidly and transparently. We show how this approach can be used to evaluate variabilty of individual genes between replicates. A comparison of our framework with existing tools revealed differences that can be explained by commonly employed thresh-olds in other packages. This motivated us to explore ranking genes based on their statistical evidence as opposed to a binary classification as DEGs. Our analysis leads us to advocate the use of Bayes factors within a rank-based approach. This framework offers enhanced computational efficiency and delivers a transparent way to analyse, interpret and communicate DGE results.