bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Perceived Social Stigma and Burnout, among Health-Care Workers Working in COVID-19 Designated Hospital of India
Authors: Patel Bhumika Rajendrakumar , Khanpara Bhumi G. , Mehta Prakash I. , Patel Kishan D. , Marvania Nidhi P. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has notably changed the working and community environment for health-care workers (HCWs) leading to burnout and feeling of being stigmatized by the community due to their work. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of burnout, perceived social stigma, and their demographic and work-related predictors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and perceived stigma scale was carried out among 348 HCWs in COVID-19 designated hospital at Ahmedabad about 6 months after the onset of the outbreak in September 2020. The prevalence of burnout was assessed in two dimensions: disengagement and exhaustion. Severity of each was measured on low, moderate, and high levels.

Results:
Total 348 HCWs participated in study with a mean age of 28.05 ± 6.75 years. Two hundred and sixty-five (76.15%) HCWs experienced burnout and 200 (57.47%) high levels of perceived stigma. The level of burnout was measured on three severities. Factors which predict high burnout are female gender, lower education, unmarried status, living in a nuclear family, and high perceived stigma. Work characteristics such as duty hours, days of working, monthly income, and work experience does not predict burnout. Intern doctors had high burnout (87.25%, χ
2 = 28.067, P < 0.001) while nurses had high perceived stigma (70.97%, χ
2 = 14.307, P < 0.05). Perceived stigma is positively correlated with burnout (r = 0.26, P < 0.001) with its both components, disengagement (r = 0.19, P < 0.001) and exhaustion (r = 0.30, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Burnout and stigmatization are prevalent among HCWs. Psychological interventions needed to reduce their burden and improve quality care during pandemic.
What Explains the Rural − Urban Inequalities in Maternal Health Services Utilization in Tanzania? A Fairlie Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Ntegwa Magashi Joseph , Mcharo Evaline Gabriel , Mlay Joseph Faustine 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Maternal mortality remains a public health issue in developing countries, with rural areas having higher rates as compared to the urban areas. Since effective utilization of maternal health-care services has the potential to reduce maternal mortality, this study measures the factors contributing to the existing rural − urban differences in the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Tanzania.

Methods:
We used Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2015/2016 data. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select the study participants and we estimated a Fairlie decomposition to understand the factors that contribute to inequality in maternal health-care services utilization between the rural and urban areas in Tanzania using Stata 17.

Results:
The study findings revealed a considerably wide rural-urban disparity in the utilization of maternal health-care services. As the findings indicated, household wealth status is the major factor for that disparity. Other factors are women's exposure to the media, women's working status, and distance from the homesteads to the health facilities.

Conclusion:
Therefore, any policy geared toward bridging the gap between the rural and urban areas in the utilization of maternal health-care services should focus on empowering women in terms of household economic status, media exposure, and employment.
Social-Distancing Compliance among Pedestrians in Ahvaz, South-West Iran during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Shirali Gholam Abbas , Rahimi Zahra , Araban Marzieh , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Cheraghian Bahman 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Social distancing is a public health tool that seeks to reduce opportunities for an infectious agent to spread among individuals. The current study aimed at investigating the social-distancing compliance among pedestrians in Ahvaz city, South-west Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahvaz, South-west Iran, from 2 to August 11, 2020. The data collection was performed based on observation of passers-by in the streets. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square for trend, and logistic regression were used for the data analysis.

Results:
The overall compliance rate of social distancing was 16.3%. There was a statistically significant difference between age groups and social distancing (P < 0.001), but this relationship was not seen in gender (P = 0.12). The compliance rate of social distancing was significantly higher during morning hours than evening hours (P < 0.001). A significant inverse association was founded between the number of observed group members and the compliance rate of social distancing so that the odds of social distancing compliance among two members groups were 59% higher than the group of 6 and more members (odds ratio = 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–1.72; P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
We found that the overall compliance rate of social distancing among the participants was very low and inefficient. This can make disease control difficult and leads the city to a critical situation in terms of coronavirus outbreaks. The findings can help health policymakers and health workers to plan and conduct preventive interventions.
Increased left ventricular remodelling index in paradoxical low-flow severe aortic stenosis with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction compared to normal-flow severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Chew Nicholas , Jou Eric , Ho Jamie SY , Pramotedham Thanawin , Liong Tze Sian , Kuntjoro Ivandito , Yeo Tiong-Cheng , Sia Ching-Hui , Kong William Kok Fai , Poh Kian-Keong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Patients with paradoxical low-flow (LF) severe aortic stenosis (AS) despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) appear distinct from normal-flow (NF) patients, showing worse prognosis, more concentric hypertrophy and smaller left ventricular (LV) cavities. The left ventricular remodelling index (LVRI) has been demonstrated to reliably discriminate between physiologically adapted athlete’s heart and pathological LV remodelling.

Methods:
We studied patients with index echocardiographic diagnosis of severe AS (aortic valve area <1 cm2) with preserved LVEF (>50%). The LVRI was determined by the ratio of the LV mass to the end-diastolic volume, as previously reported, and was compared between patients with LF and NF AS. Patients were prospectively followed up for at least 3 years, and clinical outcomes were examined in association with LVRI.

Results:
Of the 450 patients studied, 112 (24.9%) had LF AS. While there were no significant differences in baseline clinical profile between LF and NF patients, LVRI was significantly higher in the LF group. Patients with high LVRI (>1.56 g/mL) had increased all-cause mortality (log-rank 9.18, P = 0.002) and were more likely to be admitted for cardiac failure (log-rank 7.61, P = 0.006) or undergo aortic valve replacement (log-rank 18.4, P < 0.001). After adjusting for the effect of age, hypertension, aortic valve area and mean pressure gradient on multivariate Cox regression, high LVRI remained independently associated with poor clinical outcomes (hazard ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.19–2.25, P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Pathological LV remodelling (increased LVRI) was more common in patients with LF AS, and increased LVRI independently predicts worse clinical outcomes.
Association of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements with Fractures in Persons with a Traumatic SCI
Authors: Le Brian , Xu Hongyan (Nathan) , Weaver Frances M. , Huo Zhiping (Jenny) , Avidano Ryan , Hurlburt Piper , Morgan Sarah , Carbone Laura 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Osteoporotic fractures occur in almost half of patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) and are associated with significant morbidity and excess mortality. Paralyzed Veterans Administration (PVA) guidelines suggest that adequate calcium and vitamin D intake is important for skeletal health, however, the association of these supplements with osteoporotic fracture risk is unclear.

Objectives:
To determine the association of filled prescriptions for calcium and vitamin D with fracture risk in Veterans with an SCI.

Methods:
The 5897 persons with a traumatic SCI of at least 2 years’ duration (96% male; 4% female) included in the VSSC SCI/D Registry in FY2014 were followed from FY2014 to FY2020 for incident upper and lower extremity fractures. Filled daily prescriptions for calcium or vitamin D supplements for ≥6 months with an adherence ≥80% were examined.

Results:
Filled prescriptions for calcium (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54-0.78) and vitamin D (HR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.29-0.38) supplements were associated with a significantly decreased risk for incident fractures.

Conclusion:
Calcium and vitamin D supplements are associated with decreased risk of fracture, supporting PVA guidelines that calcium and vitamin D intake are important for skeletal health in persons with an SCI.
A infância no tempo da construção da nova capital brasileira
Authors: Pereira Marinho Moura Gleuze , Tuchinski dos Anjos Juarez José 
Published: February 2024

Tomando por fonte a Revista Brasília, o artigo objetiva responder a três questões, formuladas no diálogo com a ainda incipiente historiografia da infância no Distrito Federal, relativa aos anos da construção de Brasília, isto é, de 1957 a 1960: será que não havia uma quantidade significativa de crianças naquele gigantesco canteiro de obras a céu aberto? Se havia, elas compareceram, de algum modo, nos textos e imagens dados a ler no Brasil e no exterior no periódico da NOVACAP? Que infância ou infâncias foram representadas na Revista Brasília?
Modeling the Water Temperature Profile of Lakes: A Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) Approach
Authors: Creighton Audrey 
Published: February 2024

Water temperature plays an important role in our environment and is applicable to nearly all limnology research, as the temperature of a body of water affects biological activity and growth of organisms such as algae and bacteria. Certain organisms have a preferred temperature range within which they can survive, while others become dormant or die when the water reaches extreme temperatures. The temperature of water also governs the maximum dissolved oxygen concentration of water. Dissolved oxygen in water is important for aquatic life because of its vital role in cellular respiration. Predicting water temperature is also an important factor in determining whether a body of water is acceptable for human use. Warm bodies of water may contain pathogens that can be dangerous to humans.

Our research presents a computational method of determining lake water temperature through a novel technique known as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs can be used to model and forecast the temperature of water over a specific time period by training a neural network using the data points derived from the discrete form of a partial differential equation and taking into account the boundary conditions. Several factors such as wind, precipitation, and solar energy effects on water temperature were investigated. By using a computer simulation in place of an analytical mathematical model, a tremendous increase in run time speed can be achieved. The results can be used to determine the patterns in water temperature throughout a year, demonstrating the advantages of a PINN over an analytical model.
Mold Fungi at the Human Environment – Underestimate Danger
Authors: Borowska Sława , Wójcik Aleksandra 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAccording to Dz. U. nr 75 of 15 June 2002, building law does not allow visible signs of mold fungi in rooms used by people and imposes immediate renovation because of exposure to spores. Which being absorbed via airway and skin may be main sources of three forms: infection, allergy and toxicity. Mycotoxins get to the organism via digestive tract or airway with dust particles or food.Caused illnessesDry eye syndrome, eye socket necrosis, acute, persistent poisoning, impaired immunity, sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, air and skin allergy, headache, muscle aches, artralgia. Constant irritability, fatigue, insomnia, reduce concentration, memory disorder, even depression. In the digestive tract disturb metabolism, in extreme cases causing cirrhosis, even cancer; disorder pancreas, ovaries, prostate, and lead to sterility,
kidney dysfunctions.
Growth of fungi is connected with insufficient heating and ventilation. It is derivative socio-economic factors, hygiene level and health care.PurposeIs presentation of the resulting threat from fungal spores and toxins exposure which are inside our houses, schools, hospitals, even our food based on available medical literatureConclusionsMold Fungal toxins have an effect teratogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic inducing damaging many organs in experimental animals. Illnesses and deterioration of health are not connected with spores and toxins exposures. It may lead to wrong diagnosis and not eliminate fungi from the environment, what cause exacerbating symptoms. Fungal infection may be similar to other illneses as: tuberculosis, molluscum contagiosum, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis what can delay proper diagnosis and significantlyreduce chances of survival. Species: <i>Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> were found in high concentrations ta astmatic patients houses. It was connected with asthma symptoms deterioration in 36% to 48% cases.
Stickler Syndrome – Case Report and Literature Analysis
Authors: Górska Aleksandra , Jastrzębska-Miazga Irmina , Lorenc Anna , Leszczyński Rafał , Mrukwa-Kominek Ewa 
Published: February 2024

PurposeTo present a case of patient with Stickler syndrome and retinal detachment with crystalline lens subluxation.Material and MethodsRetrospective case report.ResultsA 9-years-old patient approached Ophthalmology Department with retinal detachment in her right eye and proliferative vitreoretinopathy stage D2. Her medical history revealed previous cryotherapy of her right eye, high myopia (-14.5 D), bilateral glaucoma, bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts and subluxated crystalline lens in her righteye. Further clinical examination of her right eye revealed best corrected visual acuity of light perception
without localization, intraocular pressure 45 mmHg. Patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with subluxated crystalline lens facoaspiration and silicone
oil injection of her righteye. After 2 months pars plana vitrectomy was repeated with removal of silicon oil and further SF6 endotamponade. During control
examination 6 months later right’s eye best corrected visual acuity was 5/16, intraocular pressure 23 mmHg. In USG of her right eye remains of silicon oil were noticed with retina attached.ConclusionsPars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil injection is effective method of treatment of retinal detachement in patients with Stickler syndrome. Those operations might be followed by many complications. Early diagnosis is essential in prevention of ocular complications in patient with Stickler syndrome.
Optical Coherence Tomography as a Diagnostic Tool in Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Chrzanowska-Grenda Beata , Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk Alina 
Published: February 2024

PurposeTo evaluate the value of optical coherence tomography as a diagnostic tool in retinopathy of prematurityMaterial and Methodsa short summary of the pesntknowlage about the optical coherence tomography usefulness in diagnostics of retinopathy of prematurity.ConclusionsComprehensive ophthalmological examination and treatment followed by the use of the diagnostic tools such as optical coherence tomography in children with reinopathy of prematurity will allow to decide of proper timing and method of treatment. Subsequently this will contribute in achieving the best possible visual acuity and thus a higher quality of life in these children.
Acute Acquired Esotropia Secondary to Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in a Child Receiving Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
Authors: Urban Beata , Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk Alina , Pawłowski Wojciech 
Published: February 2024

PurposeRecombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been used for treatment of growth hormone deficient children over 30 years. The rhGH has been demonstrated to have a relatively wide safety margin, but therapy requires strict monitoring. Headaches, especially in the first few months of therapy, require close evaluation as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is found infrequently. To present acute esotropia secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in the course of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH)
therapy.Material and MethodsA 6-year-old girl, treated for growth hormone deficiency, developed acute esotropia and headache 2 months after starting rhGH therapy. IIH with bilateral papilloedema was diagnosed. The rhGH was discontinued.ResultsPapilledema resolved with the discontinuation of rhGH, and treatment with acetazolamide. Visual acuity was unchanged. The patient’s strabismus resolved after 7 weeks. Two months later rhGH therapy was restarted at a lower dose and gradually increased. Treatment continued for nine years, without any side effects.ConclusionsAcute onset esotropia can be the first sign of a intracranial hypertension in a child receiving rhGH. Children treated with rhGH should have a complete ophthalmic evaluation and should be carefully monitored, if they report headache or visual disturbances.
A psicanálise e a terceira posição
Authors: Varvin Sverre 
Published: February 2024

Atualmente, muitas situações caracterizam-se pela rutura da ordem e da estrutura, deixando as pessoas à mercê de forças desorganizadas (máquinas de guerra, traficantes de seres humanos, etc.), o que tem como consequência a desumanização de pessoas comuns em larga escala, especialmente no domínio dos refugiados. O artigo centra-se na forma como discursos alienantes sobre o "trauma" e a negligência das sociedades em relação às pessoas traumatizadas aumentam o sofrimento e têm graves consequências para as gerações vindouras. Reflete-se sobre as formas como a psicanálise pode representar uma função mediadora em relação aos processos regressivos de nível individual, grupal e social. É desenvolvida a conceptualização de uma terceira posição a partir da qual a psicanálise pode trabalhar. A terceira posição é vista como inevitável no trabalho clínico psicanalítico, na medida em que a simbolização e o trabalho de elaboração devem estar ancorados num discurso cultural comum. Propõe-se um modelo para repensar a traumatização que desenvolve a conceção da terceira posição em relação a um campo mais amplo e engloba as relações do sujeito numa relação diádica, corporal e afetiva, em relações com o grupo e a família, e em relação com a cultura e discurso. Este modelo pode servir de base para a compreensão de como atrocidades, catástrofes sociais e traumatização coletiva podem ser trabalhadas a nível individual e social. São apresentados exemplos clínicos para iluminar estes processos.
As cores do corpo
Authors: Vila-Real Ângela 
Published: February 2024

A autora relaciona o papel do corpo na organização e coesão identitária com base na dinâmica e na subjectividade de três tipos de casos em que se colocam questões de género ou de adequação do self: indivíduos que pretendem mudar de sexo; indivíduos que, não se identificando com o género atribuído, não pretendem mudar de sexo; e indivíduos que, tendo sofrido de doença grave precoce, procuram desvalorizar o corpo. São abordadas algumas formas de compreender a relação entre o corpo e o género e colocadas algumas questões referentes à fluidez de género.
Numerical coupling of aerosol emissions, dry removal, and turbulent mixing in the E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1) – Part 1: Dust budget analyses and the impacts of a revised coupling scheme
Authors: Wan Hui , Zhang Kai , Vogl Christopher J. , Woodward Carol S. , Easter Richard C. , Rasch Philip J. , Feng Yan , Wang Hailong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. An earlier study evaluating dust life cycle in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1) has revealed that the simulated global mean dust lifetime is substantially shorter when higher vertical resolution is used, primarily due to significant strengthening of dust dry removal in source regions. This paper demonstrates that the sequential splitting of aerosol emissions, dry removal, and turbulent mixing in the model's time integration loop, especially the calculation of dry removal after surface emissions and before turbulent mixing, is the primary reason for the vertical resolution sensitivity reported in that earlier study. Based on this reasoning, we propose a revised numerical process coupling scheme that requires the least amount of code changes, in which the surface emissions are applied before turbulent mixing instead of before dry removal. The revised scheme allows newly emitted particles to be transported aloft by turbulence before being removed from the atmosphere, and hence better resembles the dust life cycle in the real world. Sensitivity experiments show that the revised process coupling substantially weakens dry removal and strengthens vertical mixing in dust source regions. It also strengthens the large-scale transport from source to non-source regions, strengthens dry removal outside the source regions, and strengthens wet removal and activation globally. In transient simulations of the years 2000–2009 conducted using 1∘ horizontal grid spacing, 72 vertical layers, and unchanged tuning parameters of emission strength, the revised process coupling leads to a 40 % increase in the global total dust burden and an increase of dust lifetime from 1.8 to 2.5 d in terms of 10-year averages. Weakened dry removal and increased mixing ratios are also seen for other aerosol species that have substantial surface emissions, although the changes in mixing ratio are considerably smaller for the submicron species than for dust and sea salt. Numerical experiments confirm that the revised coupling scheme significantly reduces the strong and non-physical sensitivities of model results to vertical resolution in the original EAMv1. This provides a motivation for adopting the revised scheme in EAM as well as for further improvements on the simple revision presented in this paper.