bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopathic manipulative treatment for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Licciardone John C , Brimhall Angela K , King Linda N 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background
Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a distinctive modality commonly used by osteopathic physicians to complement their conventional treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Previous reviews and meta-analyses of spinal manipulation for low back pain have not specifically addressed OMT and generally have focused on spinal manipulation as an alternative to conventional treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of OMT as a complementary treatment for low back pain.

Methods
Computerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, MANTIS, OSTMED, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were supplemented with additional database and manual searches of the literature.
Six trials, involving eight OMT vs control treatment comparisons, were included because they were randomized controlled trials of OMT that involved blinded assessment of low back pain in ambulatory settings. Data on trial methodology, OMT and control treatments, and low back pain outcomes were abstracted by two independent reviewers. Effect sizes were computed using Cohen's d statistic and meta-analysis results were weighted by the inverse variance of individual comparisons. In addition to the overall meta-analysis, stratified meta-analyses were performed according to control treatment, country where the trial was conducted, and duration of follow-up. Sensitivity analyses were performed for both the overall and stratified meta-analyses.

Results
Overall, OMT significantly reduced low back pain (effect size, -0.30; 95% confidence interval, -0.47 – -0.13; P = .001). Stratified analyses demonstrated significant pain reductions in trials of OMT vs active treatment or placebo control and OMT vs no treatment control. There were significant pain reductions with OMT regardless of whether trials were performed in the United Kingdom or the United States. Significant pain reductions were also observed during short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up.

Conclusion
OMT significantly reduces low back pain. The level of pain reduction is greater than expected from placebo effects alone and persists for at least three months. Additional research is warranted to elucidate mechanistically how OMT exerts its effects, to determine if OMT benefits are long lasting, and to assess the cost-effectiveness of OMT as a complementary treatment for low back pain.
Tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) alters tumorigenic growth properties and gene expression
Authors: Sussan Thomas E , Pletcher Mathew T , Murakami Yoshinori , Reeves Roger H 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Introduction of cDNA or genomic clones of the tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) gene into the non-small cell lung cancer line, A549, reverses tumorigenic growth properties of these cells. These results and the observation that TSLC1 is down-regulated in a number of tumors suggest that TSLC1 functions as a critical switch mediating repression of tumorigenesis.

Results
To investigate this mechanism, we compared growth properties of A549 with the TSLC1-containing derivative. We found a G1/S phase transition delay in 12.2. Subtractive hybridization, quantitative PCR, and TranSignal Protein/DNA arrays were used to identify genes whose expression changed when TSLC1 was up-regulated. Members of common G1/S phase regulatory pathways such as TP53, MYC, RB1 and HRAS were not differentially expressed, indicating that TSLC1 may function through an alternative pathway(s). A number of genes involved in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis were differentially expressed, notably genes in the Ras-induced senescence pathway. We examined expression of several of these key genes in human tumors and normal lung tissue, and found similar changes in expression, validating the physiological relevance of the A549 and 12.2 cell lines.

Conclusion
Gene expression and cell cycle differences provide insights into potential downstream pathways of TSLC1 that mediate the suppression of tumor properties in A549 cells.
Clinico-pathological features of bladder carcinoma in women in Pakistan and smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor
Authors: Rafique Muhammad 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Bladder carcinoma is one of the common urological malignancies occurring worldwide in both sexes. Use of smokeless tobacco by women is common in rural areas of Pakistan. The clinico-pathological features of bladder carcinoma in women and association of smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor for bladder carcinoma has not been well described in the literature. The objective of the study was to determine the clinico-pathological features of histologically confirmed bladder carcinoma in women and to investigate the role of smokeless tobacco use as a possible risk factor for its development.

Patients and methods
Of the 204 patients (160 male and 44 female M:F ratio 3.6:1) of newly diagnosed bladder carcinoma treated at Nishtar Medical College Hospital Multan from January 1998 to December 2004, the 44 female patients were evaluated with respect to age, clinical presentation, cystoscopic findings, histopathological reports and possible etiological factors. Data were collected and prospectively updated at the time of discharge from hospital and during follow-up in urology out-patient clinic.

Results
Transitional cell carcinoma accounted for all of the bladder carcinoma in women. Median age of the patients was 55 years and 68% patients were under 60 years of age. Majority of patients (88%) presented with hematuria. Eleven (25%) patients had superficial (pTa/pT1) while 33 (75%) patients had muscle invasive (T2–T4) bladder carcinoma. Most (81%) superficial tumors were papillary while muscle invasive tumors had solid configuration at cystoscopy. Of these, 21 (47%) patients had long history of smokeless tobacco use (chewable or moist snuff).

Conclusion
Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common bladder malignancy in women in Pakistan. Many women with bladder carcinoma had long history of use of smokeless tobacco. Majority of patients presented with hematuria and were under 60 years of age. At the time of diagnosis 75% women had muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. In women using smokeless tobacco, the correlation between stage of bladder carcinoma and duration of smokeless tobacco use was significant (p = 0.03). Further studies are needed to clarify the role of smokeless tobacco in the development of bladder carcinoma.
Involvement of a small GTP binding protein in HIV-1 release
Authors: Audoly Gilles , Popoff Michel R , Gluschankof Pablo 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
There is evidence suggesting that actin binding to HIV-1 encoded proteins, or even actin dynamics themselves, might play a key role in virus budding and/or release from the infected cell. A crucial step in the reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton is the engagement of various different GTP binding proteins. We have thus studied the involvement of GTP-binding proteins in the final steps of the HIV-1 viral replication cycle.

Results
Our results demonstrate that virus production is abolished when cellular GTP binding proteins involved in actin polymerisation are inhibited with specific toxins.

Conclusion
We propose a new HIV budding working model whereby Gag interactions with pre-existing endosomal cellular tracks as well as with a yet non identified element of the actin polymerisation pathway are required in order to allow HIV-1 to be released from the infected cell.
Cough: meeting the needs of a growing field
Authors: Haque Rubaiyat A , Chung Kian Fan 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
There has been a rapidly increasing volume of research undertaken in the field of acute and chronic cough at both basic scientific and clinical levels. However, until now there has been no journal dedicated to publishing work in this field. In this editorial, we introduce the new online, open-access journal entitled Cough which has been founded specifically for this purpose. We also review the clinical problems posed by acute and chronic cough and highlight some of the current issues that are being tackled by cough researchers.
An overview of the sensory receptors regulating cough
Authors: Mazzone Stuart B 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The cough reflex represents a primary defensive mechanism for airway protection in a variety of mammalian species. However, excessive and inappropriate coughing can emerge as a primary presenting symptom of many airway diseases. Cough disorders are characterized by a reduction in the threshold for reflex initiation and, as a consequence, the occurrence of cough in response to stimuli that are normally innocuous in nature. The current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cough disorders are only moderately effective. This undoubtedly relates in part to limitations in our understanding of the neural components comprising the cough reflex pathway. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current concepts relating to the sensory innervation to the mammalian airways, focusing particularly on the sensory receptors that regulate cough. In addition, the review will highlight particular areas and issues relating to cough neurobiology that are creating controversy in the field.
Evaluation of an ambulatory system for the quantification of cough frequency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Coyle Michael A , Keenan Desmond B , Henderson Linda S , Watkins Michael L , Haumann Brett K , Mayleben David W , Wilson Michael G 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundTo date, methods used to assess cough have been primarily subjective, and only broadly reflect the impact of chronic cough and/or chronic cough therapies on quality of life. Objective assessment of cough has been attempted, but early techniques were neither ambulatory nor feasible for long-term data collection. We evaluated a novel ambulatory cardio-respiratory monitoring system with an integrated unidirectional, contact microphone, and report here the results from a study of patients with COPD who were videotaped in a quasi-controlled environment for 24 continuous hours while wearing the ambulatory system.MethodsEight patients with a documented history of COPD with ten or more years of smoking (6 women; age 57.4 ± 11.8 yrs.; percent predicted FEV149.6 ± 13.7%) who complained of cough were evaluated in a clinical research unit equipped with video and sound recording capabilities. All patients wore the LifeShirt®system (LS) while undergoing simultaneous video (with sound) surveillance. Video data were visually inspected and annotated to indicate all cough events. Raw physiologic data records were visually inspected by technicians who remained blinded to the video data. Cough events from LS were analyzed quantitatively with a specialized software algorithm to identify cough. The output of the software algorithm was compared to video records on a per event basis in order to determine the validity of the LS system to detect cough in COPD patients.ResultsVideo surveillance identified a total of 3,645 coughs, while LS identified 3,363 coughs during the same period. The median cough rate per patient was 21.3 coughs·hr-1(Range: 10.1 cghs·hr-1– 59.9 cghs·hr-1). The overall accuracy of the LS system was 99.0%. Overall sensitivity and specificity of LS, when compared to video surveillance, were 0.781 and 0.996, respectively, while positive- and negative-predictive values were 0.846 and 0.994. There was very good agreement between the LS system and video (kappa = 0.807).ConclusionThe LS system demonstrated a high level of accuracy and agreement when compared to video surveillance for the measurement of cough in patients with COPD.
Virus overrides the propensity of human CD40L-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce Th2 mediators through synergistic induction of IFN-γ and Th1 chemokine production
Authors: Bendriss-Vermare Nathalie , Burg Stéphanie , Kanzler Holger , Chaperot Laurence , Duhen Thomas , de Bouteiller Odette , D'agostini Marjorie , Bridon Jean-Michel , Durand Isabelle , Sederstrom Joel M , Chen Wei , Plumas Joël , Jacob Marie-Christine , Liu Yong-Jun , Garrone Pierre , Trinchieri Giorgio , Caux Christophe , Brière Francine 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDepending on the activation status, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) and myeloid DC have the ability to induce CD4 T cell development toward T helper cell type 1 (Th1) or Th2 pathways. Thus, we tested whether different activation signals could also have an impact on the profile of chemokines produced by human PDC. Signals that induce human PDC to promote a type 1 response (i.e., viruses) and a type 2 response [i.e., CD40 ligand (CD40L)] also induced PDC isolated from tonsils to secrete chemokines preferentially attracting Th1 cells [such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-inducible protein (IP)-10/CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β/CC chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4)] or Th2 cells (such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17 and monocyte-derived chemokine/CCL22), respectively. Activated natural killer cells were preferentially recruited by supernatants of virus-activated PDC, and supernatants of CD40L-activated PDC attracted memory CD4+ T cells, particularly the CD4+CD45RO+CD25+ T cells described for their regulatory activities. It is striking that CD40L and virus synergized to trigger the production of IFN-γ by PDC, which induces another Th1-attracting chemokine monokine-induced by IFN-γ/CXCL9 and cooperates with endogenous type I IFN for IP-10/CXCL10 production. In conclusion, our studies reveal that PDC participate in the selective recruitment of effector cells of innate and adaptive immune responses and that virus converts the CD40L-induced Th2 chemokine patterns of PDC into a potent Th1 mediator profile through an autocrine loop of IFN-γ.
Enhanced superoxide release and elevated protein kinase C activity in neutrophils from diabetic patients: association with periodontitis
Authors: Karima M , Kantarci A , Ohira T , Hasturk H , Jones V L , Nam B-H , Malabanan A , Trackman P C , Badwey J A , Van Dyke T E 
Published: August 2005

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by increased oxidative stress, and the risk for periodontitis is increased significantly in diabetic subjects. In this study, we examined the superoxide (O2−)-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase complex and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in neutrophils. Fifty diabetic patients were grouped according to glycemic control and the severity of periodontitis. Neutrophils from diabetic patients with moderate [amount of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7.0% and 8.0%] or poor (HbA1c &gt;8.0%) glycemic control released significantly more O2− than neutrophils from diabetic patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c &lt;7.0%) and neutrophils from nondiabetic, healthy individuals upon stimulation with 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. Depending on glycemic status, neutrophils from these patients also exhibited increased activity of the soluble- and membrane-bound forms of PKC, elevated amounts of diglyceride, and enhanced phosphorylation of p47-phox during cell stimulation. In addition, we report a significant correlation between glycemic control (HbA1c levels) and the severity of periodontitis in diabetic patients, suggesting that enhanced oxidative stress and increased inflammation exacerbate both diseases. Thus, hyperglycemia can lead to a novel form of neutrophil priming, where elevated PKC activity results in increased phosphorylation of p47-phox and O2− release.
Unusual Performance for the Selective Oxidation of Ethane to Acrolein over Mesoporous SBA-15-supported Potassium Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhao Zhen , Xu Chunming , Duan Aijun , Sha Shuang , Zhang Ying , Dou Tao 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
SBA-15 silica-supported potassium catalysts were first reported for the selective oxidation of ethane to aldehydes by using oxygen as oxidant. It was found that SBA-15-supported potassium catalysts exhibited very high yield of aldehydes, especially surprisingly high yield of acrolein in the selective oxidation of ethane. The SBA-15-supported catalyst with 2% loading of potassium showed the best performance for the partial oxidation of ethane to aldehydes. The highest yields of acrolein and total aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) were 2.5% and 5.2%, respectively, when the ethane conversion was 14.8% at the reaction temperature of 748 K.
STM/STS Study of Electron Density of States at the Bases Sites in the DNA Alternating Copolymers
Authors: Iijima Megumi , Kato Tomoaki , Nakanishi Susumu , Watanabe Hisako , Kimura Kouta , Suzuki Kenji , Maruyama Yusei 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Local electron density of state spectra at the bases sites in the two types (A–T pairs only and G–C pairs only) of double-stranded DNA molecules is measured with the use of STM/STS (scanning tunneling microscopy/scanning tunneling spectroscopy) technique. The difference of electronic structure between A–T pairs and G–C pairs is discussed in relation to the charge-transfer mechanisms in these molecules.
Simultaneous Measurement of 25 Inflammatory Markers and Neurotrophins in Neonatal Dried Blood Spots by Immunoassay with xMAP Technology
Authors: Skogstrand Kristin , Thorsen Poul , Nørgaard-Pedersen Bent , Schendel Diana E , Sørensen Line C , Hougaard David M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory reactions and other events in early life may be part of the etiology of late-onset diseases, including cerebral palsy, autism, and type 1 diabetes. Most neonatal screening programs for congenital disorders are based on analysis of dried blood spot samples (DBSS), and stored residual DBSS constitute a valuable resource for research into the etiology of these diseases. The small amount of blood available, however, limits the number of analytes that can be determined by traditional immunoassay methodologies.
Methods: We used new multiplexed sandwich immunoassays based on flowmetric Luminex® xMAP technology to measure inflammatory markers and neutrophins in DBSS.
Results: The high-capacity 25-plex multianalyte method measured 23 inflammatory and trophic cytokines, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), and C-reactive protein in two 3.2-mm punches from DBSS. It also measured 26 cytokines and TREM-1 in serum. Standards Recovery in the 25-plex method were 90%–161% (mean, 105%). The low end of the working range for all 25 analytes covered concentrations found in DBSS from healthy newborns. Mean recovery of exogenous analytes added at physiologic concentrations in DBSS models was 174%, mean intra- and interassay CVs were 6.2% and 16%, respectively, and the mean correlation between added and measured analytes was r2 = 0.91. In DBSS routinely collected on days 5–7 from 8 newborns with documented inflammatory reactions at birth, the method detected significantly changed concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Measurements on DBSS stored at −24 °C for &gt;20 years showed that most cytokines are detectable in equal concentrations over time.
Conclusions: The method can reliably measure 25 inflammatory markers and growth factors in DBSS. It has a large potential for high-capacity analysis of DBSS in epidemiologic case–control studies and, with further refinements, in neonatal screening.
Circulating Placental RNA in Maternal Plasma Is Associated with a Preponderance of 5′ mRNA Fragments: Implications for Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis and Monitoring
Authors: Wong Blenda CK , Chiu Rossa WK , Tsui Nancy BY , Chan KC Allen , Chan Lin W , Lau Tze K , Leung Tse N , Lo YM Dennis 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground: The molecular characteristics of placental RNA circulating in maternal plasma are unknown. We investigated the integrity of circulating placental RNA in maternal plasma and tested the relevance of plasma RNA integrity for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.Methods: Six different placental transcripts and mRNA of the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were quantified for the 5′ and 3′ regions in maternal plasma by 1-step real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays. This quantitative strategy was validated by 2-step RT-PCR and serial dilution experiments. The rates of detection by the 5′ and 3′ assays for the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) were assessed in maternal plasma samples collected from different gestational periods.Results: For 5 of the 7 genes, the plasma mRNA concentrations measured by the 5′ amplicons were significantly higher than those measured by the corresponding 3′ amplicons. Every transcript under study demonstrated a higher rate of detection in the 5′ assay than in the 3′ assay in maternal plasma. In particular, the detection rate of βhCG mRNA in maternal plasma was increased throughout gestation when the 5′ assay was used.Conclusions: Circulating placental RNA is associated with a preponderance of 5′ mRNA fragments in maternal plasma. Apart from its intrinsic biological interest, this information could have important implications for the development of new assays targeting fetal RNA markers for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and monitoring.
Simultaneous Multiple Immunoassays in a Compact Disc–Shaped Microfluidic Device Based on Centrifugal Force
Authors: Honda Nobuo , Lindberg Ulrika , Andersson Per , Hoffmann Stephan , Takei Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground: We explored the potential of a microfluidic device based on centrifugal force as an immunoassay platform by examining the imprecision of assays carried out with 200 nL of sample.Methods: Biotinylated antibodies against α-fetoprotein (AFP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and carcinoembryonic antigen [(CEA); 0.1 g/L each in 15 mmol/L phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1 mL/L Tween 20] were attached to a microcolumn packed with streptavidin-coated particles. A 200-nL sample was then allowed to pass through the microcolumn for 240 s, followed by Alexa 647–labeled detection antibody (7.5 mg/L in 15 mmol/L PBS containing 10 g/L bovine serum albumin). The flow rate was controlled by altering the rotational speed. Up to 104 sandwich type immunoassays were completed within 50 min.Results: For AFP, IL-6, and CEA the detection limits were, respectively, 0.15, 1.25, and 1.31 pmol/L. Inter- and intraassay imprecisions (CVs) were &lt;10% and &lt;20%, respectively, for analyte concentrations &gt;5 pmol/L. The CEA antibody had the lowest affinity according to fluorescence image analysis of the microcolumn region. The result was confirmed in a comparative study using BIAcore 3000.Conclusions: Day-to-day (total) imprecision (CV) of immunoassays on the compact disc–shaped device are &lt;20%. Analysis of fluorescence images allows rapid ranking of antibodies according to their affinities.