bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the needs and preferences for cancer care among First Nations people: An integrative review
Authors: Paterson C. , Roberts C. , Blackburn J. , Jojo N. , Northam H. L. , Wallis E. , Hind A. , Caulfield R. , Barratt M. , Toohey K. , Kavanagh P. S. , Bacon R. , Wilson R. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThis systematic review aimed to identify the needs and preferences for cancer care services among Australian First Nations people.DesignIntegrative review.Data SourcesAn integrative review was conducted. A wide range of search terms were used to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the searches in electronic databases. Methodological quality assessment, data extraction, was conducted independently by two reviewers, and a narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsForty‐two studies were included. A total of 2965 Australian First Nations adults, both men and women of various ages across the lifespan, were represented; no First Nations children affected by cancer were represented in the studies. Three themes emerged which included: (1) discrimination, racism and trauma, resulting from colonization, directly impacted First National people's cancer care experience; (2) cultural ways of knowing, being and doing are fundamental to how First Nations people engage with cancer care services; and (3) First Nations people need culturally safe person‐centred cancer care services that address practical needs.ConclusionMost participants represented in this review experienced discrimination, racism and trauma, resulting from colonization, which directly negatively impacted Aboriginal peoples' cancer care experience. While the Optimal Cancer Pathway (OCP) was launched in Australia several years ago, people with cancer may continue to experience distressing unmet care needs.Patient or Public ContributionOur team includes both First Nations people, non‐First Nations researchers and healthcare professionals with expertise in cancer care. The researchers employed decolonizing restorative approaches to ensure voice, respect, accountability and reciprocity in this review work.Implications for Nursing PracticeMembers of the multidisciplinary team including nurses and policymakers should reflect on these findings, ensure that they have up‐to‐date cultural safety training and stand together with Indigenous and non‐Indigenous cancer leaders to take proactive steps to stamp out and dismantle oppression in health, and safely implement the OCP.
Bariatric surgery stigma from the perspective of patients: A scoping review
Authors: Garcia Franshelis K. , Mulder Bob C. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Koelen Maria A. , Veen Esther J. , Verkooijen Kirsten T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the experiences and consequences of bariatric surgery stigma from the perspective of bariatric surgery patients and to identify knowledge gaps in the literature.DesignA scoping review.Data SourcesStudies published between December 2002 and January 2022 were identified from the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and MEDLINE.Review MethodsWe screened 3092 records and included 28 studies. Findings were grouped thematically using the health stigma discrimination framework.ResultsPatients experienced several types of stigmas, including perceived, experienced, anticipated and internalized stigma, related to undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients were confronted with negative comments and judgement from others when they disclosed their decision to have surgery or when they revealed that they had undergone surgery. These experiences led to conflicts in the decision‐making process, such as delaying the choice for surgery, seeking surgery abroad or opting out. Patients who internalized stigma often reported feelings of shame and embarrassment for choosing surgery and felt the need for secrecy or selective disclosure. Stigma experiences were influenced by gender and differed between different subgroups of patients.ConclusionThe stigma surrounding bariatric surgery has detrimental consequences for eligible individuals and bariatric surgery patients. However, the evidence from patients' perspective remains limited. More research into patient's experiences is needed to improve patient care and further educate healthcare professionals. In addition, to better understand the nature and implications of bariatric surgery stigma, future research should be founded on stigma theories and distinguish between the different types of stigmas.ImpactThis scoping review contributes to a better understanding of the implications the stigma surrounding bariatric surgery has for bariatric surgery patients before and after surgery. The knowledge generated by this review can inform improvements in the education and management of people living with obesity and bariatric surgery patients.Reporting MethodThe scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.Protocol RegistrationA protocol was not registered for this scoping review.
Instructor's direct gaze not body orientation affects learning
Authors: Kuang Ziyi , Wang Fuxing , Andrasik Frank , Hu Xiangen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effectiveness of instructors when presenting content in videos alone. In recent years, researchers have increasingly begun to explore the effects of instructors' social cues (e.g., eye gaze, body orientation, etc.) on learning. However, previous studies exploring the effects of eye gaze have confounded the role of body orientation, while studies exploring body orientation have confounded the role of eye gaze.ObjectivesTo explore the role of direct gaze and body orientation in learning with instructional videos, absent an instructional screen, in a less confounded manner.MethodsA total of 63 subjects were presented select concepts regarding schizophrenia. Eye‐tracking technology combined with current theories of parasocial interaction and social agency was used to explore different social cues that affect learning performance. Students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: frontal body + direct gaze group (FD group), frontal body + no direct gaze group (FND group), and lateral body + no direct gaze group (LND group).Result and ConclusionsDirect gaze facilitated students' immediate retention and transfer scores, reduced learners' extraneous cognitive load, and guided students' attention to the instructor. However, counter to our expectations, parasocial interaction did not affect social cues.ImplicationsIn both online and offline classes, instruction is expected to be enhanced by focusing on the camera to the extent possible, particularly when instructional screens are absent.
Anticancer actions of carnosine in cellular models of prostate cancer
Authors: Habra K. , Pearson J. R. D. , Le Vu P. , Puig‐Saenz C. , Cripps M. J. , Khan M. A. , Turner M. D. , Sale C. , McArdle S. E. B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTreatments for organ‐confined prostate cancer include external beam radiation therapy, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy/brachytherapy, cryoablation and high‐intensity focused ultrasound. None of these are cancer‐specific and are commonly accompanied by side effects, including urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Moreover, subsequent surgical treatments following biochemical recurrence after these interventions are either limited or affected by the scarring present in the surrounding tissue. Carnosine (β‐alanyl‐L‐histidine) is a histidine‐containing naturally occurring dipeptide which has been shown to have an anti‐tumorigenic role without any detrimental effect on healthy cells; however, its effect on prostate cancer cells has never been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of carnosine on cell proliferation and metabolism in both a primary cultured androgen‐resistant human prostate cancer cell line, PC346Flu1 and murine TRAMP‐C1 cells. Our results show that carnosine has a significant dose‐dependent inhibitory effect in vitro on the proliferation of both human (PC346Flu1) and murine (TRAMP‐C1) prostate cancer cells, which was confirmed in 3D‐models of the same cells. Carnosine was also shown to decrease adenosine triphosphate content and reactive species which might have been caused in part by the increase in SIRT3 also shown after carnosine treatment. These encouraging results support the need for further human in vivo work to determine the potential use of carnosine, either alone or, most likely, as an adjunct therapy to surgical or other conventional treatments.
Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular characterization of Castula specialis sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Armophorea, Metopida)
Authors: Feng Xiaochen , Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Zhuang Wenbao , Li Ran , Pomahač Ondřej , Čepička Ivan , Rotterová Johana , Hu Xiaozhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new metopid ciliate, Castula specialis sp. nov., comprising three strains from geographically distant (China, Mexico, Czech Republic) anoxic freshwater habitats, were studied based on microscopic observation of live and protargol‐stained specimens as well as SSU rRNA gene sequence data. The new species is characterized as follows: size in vivo 105–220 × 25–70 μm, body oblong to elongated ellipsoidal and asymmetrical; preoral dome distinctly projecting beyond the body; 32–46 adoral membranelles; 31–52 somatic kineties; and 4–7 setae. This study brings the first morphogenetic investigation of a member of the genus Castula. The morphogenesis of the type population (China) of the new species proceeds as in Metopus spp. comprising drastic changes in body shape and a pleurotelokinetal stomatogenesis; however, the main difference is the origin of the opisthe's paroral membrane that derives from all perizonal rows and some adjacent dome kineties. Phylogenetically, the genus Castula is paraphyletic.
Estimating disease burden of rotavirus in floodwater through traffic in the urban areas: A case study of Can Tho city, Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Thi Thao Nguyen , Hofstra Nynke , Nguyen Hong Quan , Baker Stephen , Pathirana Assela , Corzo Perez Gerald A. , Zevenbergen Chris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrobial pathogens in urban floodwaters pose risks to human health, potentially causing diseases such as diarrhea. However, the disease burden related to urban traffic exposure from citizens passing through floodwaters is not easily quantified and therefore not included in many studies. Notably, this problem has received little attention in low‐to‐middle‐income countries, with frequent flood events and the heavy diarrheal disease burden. This article calculates the infection risks and disease burden, considering traffic associated with exposure to floodwater contaminated with rotavirus for the first time in Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho city. Can Tho city in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is well known to have many flood events every year, with many diarrheal cases during the flood season. The methodology comprises two steps. First, we applied quantitative microbial risk assessment that proposes the inclusion of exposure to traffic due to rotavirus in floodwater. Second, the disease burden was expressed in disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs). The exposed groups are child pedestrians, adult pedestrians, motorcyclists, and cyclists. We used video footage to monitor the traffic. The results show that total DALYs per flood event were 1.35 × 104 for 63,390 exposed people (i.e., 2129 DALYs per 10,000 cases). Motorcyclists are the strongest contributors to the DALYs (95%), followed by cyclists (2.8%), adult pedestrians (2%), and child pedestrians (0.2%). The population in Ninh Kieu District may suffer from waterborne diseases through traffic activities during flooding times. Our approach can be applied in other areas worldwide and helps identify main risk groups and focus areas for interventions.
Fecal microbiota transplantation through transendoscopic enteral tubing for inflammatory bowel disease: High acceptance and high satisfaction
Authors: Lin Jue , Xiong Jinlei , Jin Yan , Wang Honggang , Wu Lihao , Chen Linlin , Zhang Faming , Ji Guozhong , Cui Bota 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to positively affect the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the safety and efficacy of FMT may depend on the route of microbiota delivery. This study investigates the acceptance, satisfaction, and selection preference of a new delivery route, transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET), for treating IBD.MethodsA survey was conducted among patients with IBD from five medical centers across China. The objective was to assess their acceptance, subjective feelings, and major concerns regarding two types of TET: colonic TET and mid‐gut TET. In addition, the survey also analyzed the factors affecting the selection of TET and TET types among these patients.ResultsThe final analysis included 351 questionnaires. Up to 76.6% of patients were willing to accept TET and preferred to choose colonic TET when they first learned about TET. Patients with longer disease duration, history of enema therapy, or enteral nutrition were more open to considering TET among IBD patients. After treatment, 95.6% of patients were satisfied with TET, including colonic TET (95.9%) and mid‐gut TET (95.1%). Patients with a history of enema therapy and ulcerative colitis preferred colonic TET. In contrast, those with a history of enteral nutrition and Crohn's disease were willing to choose mid‐gut TET. However, some patients hesitated to accept TET due to concerns about efficacy, safety, and cost.ConclusionsTET was highly accepted and satisfied patients with IBD. Disease type and combination therapy influenced the choice of colonic or mid‐gut TET.
“The pandemic came to teach us how to eat”: COVID‐19, mutual vulnerability, and native corn in Oaxaca
Authors: McNamara Owen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been a period of inflection in the growth of native corn revivalism in Oaxaca, Mexico. New businesses opened selling food and drinks derived from native corn, events such as seed‐swaps were inaugurated, and farmers who had previously grown hybrid corn began experimenting with native seeds. This revivalism was not merely commercial or gustatory, but entailed a re‐evaluation by revivalists of their relationship to native corn. Such relationships became increasingly framed through mutual vulnerabilities. In this article I argue that native corn revivalism is a direct response to the COVID‐19 crisis. I explore how vulnerability featured in my interlocutors’ tellings of the crisis, demonstrating that it offered an analytic through which they theorized and constructed relationships. This approach builds upon interpretations of crisis as narrative form, but turns its attention away from the power‐effects of crisis narratives to instead look to the relationships that such narratives engender.
Infection with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ improves the fecundity of Diaphorina citri aiding its proliferation: A win‐win strategy
Authors: Nian Xiaoge , Luo Yaru , He Xinyu , Wu Shujie , Li Jiayun , Wang Desen , Holford Paul , Beattie George Andrew Charles , Cen Yijing , Zhang Songdou , He Yurong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe evolution of insect vector‐pathogen relationships has long been of interest in the field of molecular ecology. One system of special relevance, due to its economic impacts, is that between Diaphorina citri and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), the cause of the severe Asian form of huanglongbing. CLas‐positive D. citri are more fecund than their CLas‐negative counterparts, boosting opportunities for pathogens to acquire new vector hosts. The molecular mechanism behind this life‐history shift remains unclear. Here, we found that CLas promoted ovarian development and increased the expression of the vitellogenin receptor (DcVgR) in ovaries. DcVgR RNAi significantly decreased fecundity and CLas titer in ovaries, extended the preoviposition period, shortened the oviposition period and blocked ovarian development. Given their importance in gene regulation, we explored the role of miRNAs in shaping these phenotypes and their molecular triggers. Our results showed that one miRNA, miR‐275, suppressed DcVgR expression by binding to its 3' UTR. Overexpression of miR‐275 knocked down DcVgR expression and CLas titer in ovaries, causing reproductive defects that mimicked DcVgR knockdown phenotypes. We focused, further, on roles of the Juvenile Hormone (JH) pathway in shaping the observed fecundity phenotype, given its known impacts on ovarian development. After CLas infection, this pathway was upregulated, thereby increasing DcVgR expression. From these combined results, we conclude that CLas hijacks the JH signalling pathway and miR‐275, thereby targeting DcVgR to increase D. citri fecundity. These changes simultaneously increase CLas replication, suggesting a pathogen‐vector host mutualism, or a seemingly helpful, but cryptically costly life‐history manipulation.
Promoting foot self‐care in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving hemodialysis based on the information‐motivation‐behavioral skills model
Authors: Jung Won Hee , Kim Hye Young 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study develops and verifies the use of the foot self‐care behavioral model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving hemodialysis (HD) based on the information‐motivation‐behavioral skills model. Data were collected between June and August 2021 from 156 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who were receiving regular HD. A structured questionnaire and electronic medical records were used to collect demographic and disease‐related data along with Foot Care Knowledge Questionnaires, third version of Diabetes Attitude Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Foot Care Confidence Scale, and Foot Self‐care Behavior Scale. Age, diabetic foot care knowledge, social support, and foot care self‐efficacy had a direct effect on foot self‐care behavior. Foot care self‐efficacy had a mediating effect on foot care knowledge, diabetes‐related attitudes, social support, and foot self‐care behavior. The information‐motivation‐behavioral skills model was suitable as a foot self‐care behavioral model for patients with T2DM receiving HD. Additionally, these findings suggest that it is crucial to improve foot self‐care behavior through increased foot care knowledge, diabetes‐related attitudes, and social support, which could contribute to enhancing foot care self‐efficacy.
Possible Mechanism and Treatment Results of Combined Pediatric Fractures of the Humeral Lateral Condyle and Ipsilateral Ulnar Olecranon
Authors: Liu Shuai , Peng LianQi , Liu JiaTong , OuYang LiZhi , Wang ZeZheng , Rai Saroj , Lin WeiFeng , Tang Xin 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveCombined fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus and the ipsilateral ulnar olecranon are rarely seen in children. Therefore, the mechanism and suitable treatments remain debatable. This study describes the possible mechanism of combined humeral lateral condyle and ipsilateral ulnar olecranon fractures and presents the treatment results.MethodsChildren diagnosed with combined fractures of the humeral lateral condyle and ipsilateralulnar olecranon from July 2010 to July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Humeral lateral condyle fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with bioabsorbable pins. Ulnar olecranon fractures were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with K‐wires for Mayo type IA fractures and with tension‐band wiring or a locking plate for Mayo type IIA fractures. The postoperative function and appearance of the elbow were evaluated using the Flynn criteria and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) at follow‐up.ResultsThe cohort comprised 19 patients aged from 4 to 11 years. Bony compression and avulsion by attached muscles and ligaments may be the leading factors causing the combined injuries, as the children fell with an outstretched and supinated elbow. The average follow‐up time was 33 months. High MEPS of >90 indicated that good to excellent results were obtained without complications.ConclusionsThis study proposed a reasonable hypothesis for the mechanism of combined humeral lateral condyle and ipsilateral ulnar olecranon fractures in children. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved with bioabsorbable pins for lateral condyle fractures and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with K‐wires, tension‐band wiring, or locking plate for olecranon fractures.
How megadrought causes extensive mortality in a deep‐rooted shrub species normally resistant to drought‐induced dieback: The role of a biotic mortality agent
Authors: Aguirre Natalie M. , Ochoa Marissa E. , Holmlund Helen I. , Palmeri Gabriella N. , Lancaster Emily R. , Gilderman Gina S. , Taylor Shaquetta R. , Sauer Kaitlyn E. , Borges Adriana J. , Lamb Avery N. D. , Jacques Sarah B. , Ewers Frank W. , Davis Stephen D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSouthern California experienced unprecedented megadrought between 2012 and 2018. During this time, Malosma laurina, a chaparral species normally resilient to single‐year intense drought, developed extensive mortality exceeding 60% throughout low‐elevation coastal populations of the Santa Monica Mountains. We assessed the physiological mechanisms by which the advent of megadrought predisposed M. laurina to extensive shoot dieback and whole‐plant death. We found that hydraulic conductance of stem xylem (Ks, native) was reduced seven to 11‐fold in dieback adult and resprout branches, respectively. Staining of stem xylem vessels revealed that dieback plants experienced 68% solid‐blockage, explaining the reduction in water transport. Following Koch's postulates, persistent isolation of a microorganism in stem xylem of dieback plants but not healthy controls indicated that the causative agent of xylem blockage was an opportunistic endophytic fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea. We inoculated healthy M. laurina saplings with fungal isolates and compared hyphal elongation rates under well‐watered, water‐deficit, and carbon‐deficit treatments. Relative to controls, we found that both water deficit and carbon‐deficit increased hyphal extension rates and the incidence of shoot dieback.