bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for time-to-death from traumatic brain injury following road traffic accidents
Authors: Hailemichael Yohannes , Kassahun Taddesse 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Road traffic accident is among the major public health problems worldwide and many studies have shown that it is the major contributor of traumatic brain injury especially in low and middle-income countries. The main objective of this study was to identify the prognostic factors for time-to-death from traumatic brain injury following road traffic accident. This study was conducted based on data obtained from charts of traumatic brain injury patients following road traffic accident and admitted to the emergency department of Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency and trauma Hospital between September 12, 2019 and February 1, 2022. The data analysis was performed by using R version 4.1.2 and Stata version 14. Survival analysis was used to analyze the data where the Weibull accelerated failure time model was found to be the most appropriate. Of all 279 patients, 40 (14.34%) died within 30 days after the occurrence of the accident. Of the total number of patients who died during the follow-up period, 26 (65%) were males. Traumatic brain injury patients as a result of road traffic accidents, who were > 59 years old and had diffuse axonal injury, aspiration pneumonia, intracranial hemorrhage, hemothorax, increased intracranial hemorrhage, low Glasgow coma scale score and red triage category were at risk of early death.
Application of CED and HED techniques for Shockwave Detection with High-speed Schlirden and Shadowgraph images.
Authors: Kumar Vinoth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Schlieren and shadowgraph images are valuable tools in aerospace engineering due to their user-friendly nature. They are commonly used to gain insights into flow patterns, particularly in the context of high-speed phenomena. Investigating dynamic shock wave structures, such as shock reflection patterns and interactions between shock waves and boundary layers, involves the use of high-speed Schlieren and shadowgraph systems. These techniques are vital for understanding complex aerodynamic phenomena. Typically, sequences of Schlieren and shadowgraph images are used for qualitative analysis. These image sequences serve as the foundation for understanding and interpreting the observed flow patterns. Dealing with extensive data from high-speed Schlieren and shadowgraph images often requires image processing methods. This includes techniques like background subtraction, edge recognition, and shock detection to enhance the quality of data and enable detailed analysis. The phenomenon of shock wave detection from a high-speed airflow over a forward-facing step is discussed in this article. This real-world example illustrates the practical application of Schlieren and shadowgraph imaging and the importance of accurate shockwave detection by comparing two different image processing methods for shockwave detection: Canny Edge Detection (CED) and Holistically-Nested Edge Detection (HED). According to the data, HED performs better than CED at correctly identifying shockwaves in Schlieren and shadowgraph images.
Bartender: portrayals of popular alcohol influencer’s videos on TikTok ©
Authors: Guégan Erell , Zenone Marco , Mialon Mélissa , Gallopel-Morvan Karine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite widespread use of the short-video social media platform TikTok©, there is limited research investigating how alcohol is portrayed on the platform. Previous research suggests a driver of alcohol content on TikTok© in part comes from bartenders demonstrating making drinks. The purpose of this study is to explore the characterizing patterns of how bartender influencers on TikTok© feature and incorporate alcohol in their videos.
Methods
We identified the top 15 most followed bartenders on TikTok© in 2021 (cumulative 29.7 million subscribers). The 345 videos they posted in November and December 2021 received 270,325,600 views. The videos were coded based on five criteria: (1) presence of alcohol or not; (2) alcohol categories; (3); alcohol brand(s) if visible; (4) presence of candies and other sweet products; (5) presence of cues that refer to young people’s interests.
Results
Among the 345 videos, 92% (n = 317) displayed alcohol in their cocktail recipes (249,275,600 views). The most common types of alcohol present in videos were liquor, vodka, rum, and whiskey, all of which are high ABV beverages. 73% (n = 230) displayed or mentioned an alcohol brand. 17% (n = 55) associated alcohol with sweet products such as different types of candy (53,957,900 views). 13% (n = 43) contained cues appealing to young people (e.g., cartoons, characters) (15,763,300 views).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest a large presence of positively framed alcohol content posted by popular bartenders on TikTok©. As exposure to digital marketing is related to an increase in alcohol consumption, particularly in young people, regulations are needed to protect the public from alcohol-related harms.
Direct Observations of X-Rays Produced by Upward Positive Lightning
Authors: Oregel-Chaumont Toma , Sunjerga Antonio , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Cooray Vernon , Rubinstein Marcos , Rachidi Farhad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
X-rays have been observed in natural downward cloud-to-ground light-ning for over twenty years and in rocket-triggered lightning for slightly less. In both cases, this energetic radiation has been detected during the stepped and dart leader phases of downward negative flashes. More recently, X-rays have also been reported during the dart leader phase of upward negative flashes. In this study, we present the observations of four upward positive lightning flashes from the S¨antis Tower (2.5 km ASL) in Switzerland. These consist of the simultaneous records of electric current passing through the tower, and electric field strength and X-ray flux 20 meters from the tower base. One of the flashes was captured by a high-speed camera operating at 24,000 frames per sec-ond, stills from which are also presented. We detected X-rays during the initial phase of upward negative leader propagation, which can be associated with the leader-stepping process from electric field and cur-rent waveforms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such measurements are reported in the literature. The obtained time-synchronised data confirm that the X-ray emissions detected are associated with the initial steps of the upward negative leader. The fre-quency and energy of X-ray pulses appear to decrease as a function of time, with pulses disappearing altogether within the first millisec-ond of the leader initiation. The X-ray pulse energy appears to increase with the maximum current-derivative and the electric field change of its associated leader step. These observations contribute to improving the currently lackluster understanding of upward lightning, which is a pri-mary source of damage to tall structures such as telecommunications towers and wind turbines, as well as airplanes during take-off and landing.
Relationship between gut microbiota and intussusception: an analysis based on Mendelian randomization
Authors: Cheng Feng , Luo Chun , Shang KeLei , Tan XiaoGuang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the causal relationship between intestinal microbiome and intussusception utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.
Methods
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) significance level data of 211 intestinal microbiome selected from the MiBioGen consortium were used as instrumental variables, and the genetic associations with intussusception was obtained from FinnGen consortium based on intestinal condyloma susceptibility genes. Inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted median, Weighted mode and MR-PRESSO methods were used to explore the causal relationship between intestinal microbiome and intussusception.
Results
The inverse variance weighted results showed that Bifidobacterium was inversely associated with the risk of intussusception (OR: 0.376, 95% CI: 0.157–0.899). In addition, Ruminococcustorques group (OR: 4.461, 95% CI: 1.058–18.807), Adlercreutzia (OR: 3.893, 95% CI: 1.318–11.502), Allisonella (OR: 1.715, 95% CI: 1.009–2.915), and Clostridiumsensustricto1 (OR: 2.974, 95% CI: 1.046–8.451) suggested an increased risk association with intussusception.
Conclusions
The present MR study indicated that Bifidobacterium reduces the risk of intussusception and postoperative recurrent intussusception. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate the protective effects of probiotics on the development of intussusception as well as their specific protective mechanisms.
Transient modeling of material extrusion by system identification
Authors: Colon Austin Ray , Kazmer David O. , Peterson Amy M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Material extrusion is popular for its low barriers to entry and the flexibility it gives designers relative to traditional manufacturing techniques. Material extrusion is a transient process with a high frequency of starts, stops, and accelerations. This work presents transient data collected by an instrumented printhead and models the data by way of system identification. First-order and second-order control system models are proposed. The work also includes principal component analysis to determine which model coefficients correlate with the main effect, models the first-order model coefficients as a function of the experimental factors by regression, and predicts the apparent viscosity using a fitted static gain and known parameters. Flow rate, hot end temperature, nozzle diameter, and acceleration are the factors selected for the experiment. Each of these factors influences the steady state pressure, except for acceleration. The system identification models predict the melt pressure’s transient behavior well, with standard errors less than 4% of the mean melt pressure. Statistical analysis of the first-order model coefficients verifies that the static gain and time constant are statistically significant responses of the factors. The modeled apparent viscosity follows rheological expectations, showing the trends typically seen for viscosity as a function of shear rate.
Impact of mindfulness-based interventions in the prenatal period on maternal mental health: A quasi experiment
Authors: Vaishnav Smruti B , Mody Sujata K , Sheth Vishal , Asrani Manisha , Ganjiwale Jayshree , Sapre Shilpa , Raithatha Nitin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
The mother-baby dyad creates a synergistic being during pregnancy, and women's health at this time is crucial for fetal development and wellness. The time of pregnancy is one of excitement and joy. Unfortunately, it comes with stress and anxiety regarding the baby's health, the delivery method, and any potential complications. These worries can predispose women to developing depression as a result.
Methods:
Using a purposive sampling method, a prospective nonrandomised cohort research study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 2021–2022. Patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled whereas patients who were unable to devote the required time and adherence to various mindfulness interventions were placed in the control group. The researcher administered questionnaires such the FFMQ-15, EPDS, and PSS to each patient. Descriptive analysis was used for the various demographic characteristics that were recorded. The intervention and control groups were compared using independent t tests and chi-square tests for the continuous variables viz-EPDS, PSS, and FFMQ-15.
Results:
The study comprised 36 patients in total; 13 patients were in the control group and 23 patients were a part of the intervention group. The mean ages of the intervention and control groups were 30.78 years and 25.69 years, respectively. A sufficient amount of mindfulness meditation interventions had been practiced by 79% of the patients. Two of the five FFMQ subscales, observing (p=0.001) and describing (p=0.013), indicated a substantial improvement in the mindfulness score in the intervention group. Whereas, acting with awareness, one of the FFMQ's five subscales, saw a substantial increase in the mindfulness score in the control group (p=0.010). There was a statistically significant reduction in the EPDS score in the intervention group before and after the intervention (p=0.007). The reduction in the PSS score after the intervention was statistically significant in the intervention group (p=0.030).
Conclusion: The intervention was perceived as more readily acceptable to women belonging to a higher socio-economic stratum owing to awareness prevalent due to a better education status. The positive impact of mindfulness practices was witnessed owing to the contrast of levels of stress and depression upon enrolment, and their observed decrease after following the various mindfulness interventions.
Citrus aurantium as an economical and massive source of carbon in CQDs synthesis for bandgap tunning in optoelectronic applications
Authors: Gharaati Abdolrasoul , Behaein Saeed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As a promising quantum material, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been widely applied in almost every optoelectronics device and application but the conventional synthesis methods were not eco-friendly due to the use of toxic and heavy metals. We explored an entirely novel approach, utilizing citrus aurantium (bitter orange) as the carbon source and produced CQDs with 4–6 nanometers in diameter and blue, green, and orange emissions. For the purpose of bandgap tuning, we were able to increase the bandgap energy of CQDs by adding a certain amount of urea and polyethylene glycol to the precursor solution in the synthesis procedure. The bandgap energy of CQDs increased from 2.5 to roughly 3.8 eV. Our approach is thoroughly new which brings about a facile, eco-friendly, and low-cost synthesis method.
Association between the female hormone intake and coronary artery disease in the women: A study based on NHANES 1999-2020
Authors: Qu Shenao , Zhang Zhixuan , Ju Ran , Li Zhuoqun , Leng Jing , Xue Zihan , Han Xuan , Tao Shiran , Lv Yi , Zhang Nana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Although many studies have reported the relationship between female hormone intake and the coronary artery disease(CAD) development their association has not been elucidated and defined. Based on data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study assessed the relation between female hormone intake and the CAD development in 38745 eligible female participants. Many sociocultural determinants of health (SDOH) factors are significantly related to CAD occurrence and female hormone intake. Stratified analysis of SDOH factors showed that female hormone intake reduces the risk of CAD in women aged ≥ 60 years old. For women who received higher levels of education, female hormone intake is a risk factor for CAD. For women in poverty or wealth, female hormone intake is a risk factor for congestive heart failure and stroke, but it is a protective factor for the four clinical features of CAD for women in middle-income levels. Moreover, for women with menarche at 13–15 years old, menopause at 30–49 years old, and pregnancies 7–9 times, as well as with a low-sugar, low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and proper folic acid intake, female hormone intake have a protective effect on the development of CAD. We conclude that the appropriate female hormone intake plays a protective role in the occurrence of CAD, but it also exerts an adverse effect on CAD under a different SDOH background. It suggested that the patients must be rigorously screened for SODH background in clinical applications of female hormones to exert a protective effect on CAD.
Efficacy and tolerability assessment of a polynucleotide‐based gel for improvement of pattern hair loss Running title: A polynucleotide‐based gel for improvement of pattern hair loss
Authors: Samadi Aniseh , Ayatollahi Azin , Kashani Mansour Nassiri , Zamani Shayan , Firooz Alireza 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the leading etiology for scalp hair loss in both genders. Apart from the limited approved pharmaceuticals, there are several suggested nonsurgical-nondrug therapies, including scalp injectables enriched with polynucleotides, however, limited data exists and is mostly limited to one gender. This study evaluates the efficacy and tolerability of a polynucleotide injectable gel quantitatively and quantitively for the treatment of AGA in both genders. Twenty patients with mild to moderate AGA were recruited. A prefilled gel containing 15 mg of polynucleotides was injected for 10 sessions over 4 months {4,2,2,2}. End goals were set at W6, W18, and W24. Evaluations included standard scalp photography scored based on the Global Photographic Review criteria, Likert hair improvement scales for both patient and dermatologist, trichogram, comb test, and adverse reaction. Trial registration number was, IRCT20150101020514N15. The mean age was 37.7 ± 8.1 years. Analysis showed 65%, 77.8%, and 63.2% of patients had slight or moderate improvement in hair growth at W6, W18, and W24, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in hair shedding was observed at all visits. A statically significant increase was observed in the terminal/ vellus hair ratio and the mean value of anagen/ telogen hair ratio at W18 and W24. A statistically significant increase in the mean thickness of hairs was observed at W24. At W6, W18, and W24, 85%, 50%, and 47.4% of participants reported “Improvement” for their hair, respectively. No life-threatening side effects were detected. Mild headache, mild swelling, and maculopapular rash were reported in 2, 2, and 2 patients respectively which were abated with outpatient treatment. This study demonstrated polynucleotide gel injection to be an effective treatment option for decreasing hair shedding and increasing the mean thickness of the hairs with high patient satisfaction and safety profile in male and female AGA.
UV mutagenesis improves growth potential of green algae in a green algae- yeast co-culture system
Authors: Karitani Yukino , Yamada Ryosuke , Matsumoto Takuya , Ogino Hiroyasu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is known that co-cultivation of green algae with heterotrophic microorganisms, such as yeast, improves green algae's growth potential and carbon dioxide fixation, even under low CO2 concentration conditions such as the atmosphere. Introducing mutations into green algae is also expected to enhance their growth potential. In this study, we sought to improve the growth potential of a co-culture system of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing mutations into the green algae. Additionally, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the co-culture of the green algae mutant strain with yeast, discussing the interaction between the green algae mutant strain and the yeast. When the green algae mutant strain was co-cultured with yeast, the number of green algae cells reached 152 × 105 cells/mL after 7 days of culture. This count was 2.6 times higher than when the wild-type green algae strain was cultured alone and 1.6 times higher than when the wild-type green algae strain and yeast were co-cultured. The transcriptome analysis also indicated that the primary reason for the increased growth potential of the green algae mutant strain was its enhanced photosynthetic activity and nitrogen utilization efficiency.
Towards Sustainable Stabilization: Sodium Carbonate Tunning the Strength Development of Dredged Sediments Stabilized with Alkali- activated Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag
Authors: Ma Ning , Choi Clarence Edward , Zhang Jia-qi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Chemical stabilization of dredged sediments presents a promising solution for the reutilization of dredged waste in engineering fills. To promote decarbonization efforts, the use of low-carbon binders, such as alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), emerges as a viable alternative to ordinary Portland cement. Dredged sediments commonly exhibit high water contents (e.g., exceeding 100%), which can compromise the efficacy of alkali-activated GGBS binders in enhancing the strength of these sediments. It has been demonstrated that sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) can potentially accelerate the strength development of alkali-activated GGBS-stabilized sediments. However, the mechanisms on how Na2CO3 influences the strength development of such stabilized sediments remain unclear. This knowledge gap impedes the establishment of a robust scientific foundation for optimizing the mixing design of alkali-activated GGBS binders to effectively stabilize dredged sediments. This study investigates the effects of varying Na2CO3 contents on the strength development of alkali-activated GGBS-stabilized sediments characterized by high water contents. To reveal the mechanisms underlying the effects of Na2CO3 on the strength development of GGBS-stabilized sediments, the reaction products and the pore structures of stabilized sediments are examined by using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry techniques. The optimal content of Na2CO3 for attaining the highest 28-day compressive strength of stabilized sediments is determined to be 0.2% by weight. Below this optimal content, the strength of stabilized sediments increases with Na2CO3 content. However, surpassing this optimal content, the increase in Na2CO3 content results in a decrease in the strength of stabilized sediments. The addition of Na2CO3 additive into alkali-activated GGBS-stabilized sediments induces changes in the interactions between clay minerals and reaction products, thereby altering the pore size distribution within the sediments. These modifications in the pore size distribution results in the observed impacts of different Na2CO3 contents on the strength development of stabilized sediments. The revealed mechanisms can provide a scientific basis to optimize the alkali-activated GGBS binders used for the sustainable stabilization of dredged sediments.