bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aung Sinkha Marginal Development Step Change for Survival
Authors: Chatwarodom Phattarin , Chinkiri Kittichai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Aung Sinkha (ASK) field is a marginal gas field developed by PTT exploration and production public company limited. The field completed the basic engineering development phase. The overall field comprises with offshore wellhead platforms, onshore processing plant, onshore condensate offloading and personnel transfer facilities. The feed production transports from offshore wellhead platforms through an offshore export pipeline to ASK Onshore Processing Facilities for processing.
The onshore processing plant was initially designed with a typical design concept, including the incoming system comprise of slug catcher and inlet separator in order to separate gas, condensate and produced water. The gas production from the separation system is then sent to gas compressor system to boost up pressure. In addition to be sent to gas dehydration system before export to the customer. The condensate system provides with 2nd stage separator, 3rd stage separator, condensate filter coalescer, condensate storage tank, condensate transfer pump, condensate loading gantry and condensate export metering system. The produced water is designed with a produced water evaporator, designed to evaporate and reduce the produced water volume as much as possible before disposal of the high concentration produced water to third party for further treatment. A flare system, thermal oxidizer, closed drain and open drain system are provided. For utility system, onshore processing plant designed with fuel gas treatment and conditioning system, instrument air system, nitrogen generator system, utility water system, diesel storage, treatment and transfer system, main power generator with backup power generator system are provided.
For the overall area facility, initially overall ASK onshore development project comprised of ASK Processing Facility, ASK Condensate Offloading Facility and ASK Personnel Transfer Facility. The ASK Processing Facility is the location where the production plant and accommodation area located. The ASK Condensate Offloading Facility is the location nearby condensate offloading jetty, this area reserved for condensate offloading to condensate offloading tanker. The ASK Personnel & Material Transfer Facility is the location nearby material transfer jetty, designed for material storage, material supply, transfer and personnel transfer between shore and offshore wellhead platform. Fig. 13 — Previous Design - ASK Field Schematic.
Numerical Assessment and Validation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in One Fully Coupled CFD Simulation
Authors: Sadique J. , Xie S. , Shekhawat Y. S. , Darling H. , Schmidt D. P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work we present a coupled computational fluid dynamics and fluid-structure interaction approach for simulating the dynamics of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). The multiphase flow over the platform is solved using a cartesian cut-cell approach coupled with an environmental flow generation module which can model a variety of wind-wave conditions. This is in turn coupled with a 6-degree-of-freedom fluid-structure interaction model to simulate the platform motion, while the mooring lines are represented using a dynamic lumped element model. Finally, an actuator line model (ALM) is used to model the wind turbine rotor. We have applied this methodology to study both the aerodynamic loading on the rotor and the platform dynamics of a FOWT design consisting of a 3.6-MW horizontal-axis wind turbine attached to a Stiesdal TetraSpar platform in a variety of conditions such as free decay, regular and irregular waves. The FOWT geometry and cases presented here are based on those specified by Phase IV of the OC6 (Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration, Continued with Correlation and unCertainty) project under the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind) Task 30. We have selected a set of cases to study the response of the FOWT to various types of loading. The first set of tests are to determine the exact equilibrium location of the FOWT for numerical simulation. In these tests we will also investigate the effect of grid resolution on the results. Next, we simulate the free decay response of the FOWT in the surge, heave, and pitch degrees of freedom. After that we investigate the turbine thrust for both floating and fixed platform configurations. Finally, we present a set of cases that illustrate the platform response to both regular and irregular waves. The simulation results match very well with the experimental data for all the cases that we have studied. Thus, this approach can be seen as a viable method to carry out predictive simulations for studying FOWT platform motions, hydrodynamic loading, and aerodynamic performance.
Innovative and Novel Development of a Dynamic Well Productivity Modeling and Performance Prediction System
Authors: Mugharbil Mohammed K. , Zahur Jawad , Shehri Al , Ayedh M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The characteristics evaluation of a well and associated cost of operation can be critical aspects to effectively and efficiently developing and operating hydrocarbon wells. A well operator may consider many factors that can influence the effective and efficient development of a well, such as physical damage to the formation. This influence on the permeability is often referred to as "skin damage". The skin for a wellbore extending into a formation may include a dimensionless measure of pressure drop caused by flow restriction in the near-wellbore region of the formation. Unfortunately, the skin of a well can increase over the life of the well, which can negatively impact production performance of the well. In some instances, remediation operations, such as stimulations, are conducted on a well to reduce the well's skin in an effort to improve the well's production performance.
Provided are systems and method for analyzing hydrocarbon wells based on field historical skin profiles as well as the predicted post job gain based on field performance decline factor. It provides dynamic calculation of well skin, based on rate tests and other wellhead and reservoir parameters, to evaluate candidates for production enhancements jobs such as acid stimulation.
The innovation is a novel development which is executable by a processor to prioritize performance enhancement job candidates, based on dynamic update of formation damage to specify observed well performance and then it performs a comparison analysis between candidates based on projection of post job performance and added value. Several patents were filed to design this system and provide a platform to all future performance evaluation and enhancement to optimize operational cost and maximize additional profit.
This paper will present a system along with prototype example that is designed to perform the following operations for developing a hydrocarbon well, determining a skin increase threshold for a given period of time; for each of two or more hydrocarbon wells, identifying the hydrocarbon well as a candidate well for performance enhancement, predict production flow rate of the hydrocarbon well that corresponds to skin of zero, identifying cost of operation per barrel gained for the hydrocarbon well based on the predicted production flow rate, and determining, based on the estimated field performance decline factor, a marginal production gain in a dollar value.
The New Era of Subsea Production Systems
Authors: Müller M. , Sommer B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first all-electric tree system was developed in 2008. The latest, the third, generation will pave the path for offshore CO2 injection and revolutionize gas and oil production. Enhanced subsea control and real-time system monitoring will strengthen system behavior understanding and operation handling. Faster startups and shutdowns, compared to conventional electrohydraulic (EH) tree systems will increase the availability and enhance flow assurance capabilities. Long stepouts will make the system available to carbon footprint manufacturing processes and materials for carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration. Designed for shallow and ultradeep water applications, the wide range of AC/DC system compatibility achieves cost efficiency. The compact and modular tree system can be used in both greenfield and brownfield environments.
The development of the next generation of the all-electric tree system started with an in-depth analysis of the existing EH system. The EH tree was dissected, and components analyzed by subject matter experts. Valve performance, operation, and configuration were analyzed in an interdisciplinary team. Electrical actuator operational limits and performance were explored, and battery capacity and power requirements were evaluated. Expertise in functional safety was applied to develop a superior safety concept in which a detailed failure mode analysis defined the hardware and software requirements. Operational concepts were defined in state machines. Vast numbers of packaging exercises were performed. All of the concepts and subconcepts were rated and compared to the alternatives, and those that best fit the requirement were picked. The dimensions of the development required several concept cycles. Special care was taken in formulating the requirements, and the requirements were continuously reviewed.
Sustainable Metal-Organic Frameworks from Plastic Wastes Using Microwave Technique for Heavy Metal Decontamination
Authors: Sunatda A. , Kanokwan K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Plastic waste is a significant environmental concern, with over 400 million tons generated per year, and less than 15% being recycled. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), derived benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (BDC), is the most common plastic waste which can be used as organic linker for Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The sustainable approach with waste management to valuable product is demonstrated by utilizing waste materials, PET bottle, to MOFs product. Not only plastic waste but waste metals such as aluminum foil metal and steel wool also can be recycled using microwave technique. Microwave synthesis can enhance efficiency and sustainability, reducing reaction time in MOFs synthesis. The developed synthesis method by microwave technique is demonstrated to produce MOFs materials from PET plastic waste, steel wool (Fe), and Aluminum foil (Al). Moreover, it can be reduced the operating expense (OPEX) cost of MOFs materials for heavy metal removal in condensate. The results showed that Al-MOF and Fe-MOF were successfully synthesized and gave the good efficiency for arsenic removal in condensate. In addition, recycled-based MOFs have proposed some future trends and challenges of OPEX cost reduction which can be used as an alternative to the conventional porous material, metal oxides and zeolites.
High Pressure Hydrocarbon Separation Performance of In-Line Piggable Liquid Removal Unit – Pseudo Dry Gas Systems
Authors: Bhaskoro P. , Liebana L. , Thomas L. , Wood T. , Roberson M. , Aman Z. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pseudo Dry Gas (PDG) technology is proposed as an alternative concept for transporting multiphase fluids (gas, condensate, and water) for long deep-water subsea tieback developments while delivering significant reductions in Scope 1 and 2 CO2 emissions by the mitigation of compression (Reference 1). Using PDG technology, subsea multiphase pipeline networks can be extended to an excess of 300 km total length and considerably reduce the backpressure to the wells. The basis of the PDG system is to remove the liquid from the main pipeline using Piggable Liquid Removal Units. With the removal of the majority of liquid, the gravitational pressure losses in the system are considerably reduced allowing the pipeline to operate like a "Pseudo" Dry Gas system. The original prototype of this design underwent low pressure flow loop testing (Reference 2). This paper focuses on the configuration of the equipment and the supporting reasoning for high pressure and elevated temperature conditions, along with a key observations the results obtained from the testing program.
The current work involved the fabrication of a 180bar rated PDG unit, a subsea magnetic drive pump and the supporting subsea control system for flow loop testing undertaken at TÜV SÜD National Engineering Laboratories (hereinafter NEL), UK. This development program is supported by operators in conjunction with the Net Zero Technology Center. The testing program is developed to encompass the expected operational envelope that the PDG units would see in service aligned to a broad range of asset-based study work snd to consider critical non-dimensional flow assurance parameters to ensure scalability. The testing parameters considered are pressure (up to 125bar), temperature (up to 40C), and inclination (zero- and two-degrees). In addition, various liquids are considered e.g., two hydrocarbon fluids (representing oil and condensate), brine water, and hydrocarbon and water mixture. An extensive number of test points at different liquid and gas superficial velocities are included both with and without the PDG unit installed to allow for baseline comparisons. Besides pressure, temperature, level gauges and flow meters; an X-ray machine and an iso-kinetic sampling device are installed to provide liquid holdup measurements and to measure the liquid entrainment in the gas, respectively. The latter measurement data is to be used to evaluate PDG separation performance at various liquid entrainment rate.
The results show acceptable PDG separation performance at various high system pressures for all cases indicating marginal impact of increasing pressures in relation to the required performance. The liquid entrainment rate has been measured for different surface tension fluids, upstream and downstream of the PDG unit and results have been included in the calculation of the separation performance of the unit.
Gender Roles of Farmers in the Production of African Black Beans (Vigna unguiculata) In Anambra and Enugu States Nigeria
Authors: Ohagwu Violet Amarachukwu , Chukwu Esther. N , Onwubalili Onyeka , Nwobodo Cynthia, E , Ozioko Remigius. I , Nnadi Onyinye. I 
Published: February 2024

The study assessed gender roles in the production of African black beans (akidi) in Southeast Nigeria. Specifically, it addressed the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, agronomic practices, gender roles, constraints, and strategies for improving the production of African black beans (ABB). A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 192 ABB farmers for the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using percentage and mean statistics. Results revealed that the average age of female and male respondents was about 44 and 41 years, respectively. Men, women and youths played complementary roles in various operations in ABB production. Men (37.5%, 32.8%, 32.8% and 13.5%) and youths (32.8%, 33.9%, 34.9% and 10.9%) dominated heavy labour operations like land clearing, ploughing, harrowing and fertilizer application, respectively, while women (60.4%, 53.1%, 59.9%, 63% and 61.5%) dominated other operations like planting, harvesting, processing, storage and marketing respectively. Therefore, all genders are involved in ABB production in the area. Efforts should be made to target different genders in ABB production. This can be done through the dissemination of improved technologies in the various production operations. This will ensure that roles are not neglected, thereby enhancing the production of African black beans.
Prevalence and perceptions of voluntary medical male circumcision among University of Juba students, South Sudan
Authors: Alier Kon , Cham Akway , Majok Jonathan , Sube Kenneth , Nyang Achan , Wapary Ezbon , Malek James , Makuei John , Malith Jok , Mayuol Lual , Adim Yak 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is one of the key interventions against heterosexual spread of HIV. However, its prevalence in South Sudan is not clearly understood. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and perceptions of VMMC among University of Juba students.Method: A cross sectional descriptive study design was adopted. Data from randomly selected students from six schools of the University of Juba were collected using a respondent-administered structured questionnaire. IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Chi-squared tests were performed to determine variables significantly associated with VMMC.Results: Amongst 390 students interviewed, the prevalence of VMMC was 41.8% and the overall male circumcision rate was 83.8%. Most respondents expressed positive attitudes and perceptions towards VMMC. The respondents believe VMMC is an important health programme. The decision to get circumcised is associated with age, marital status, religion and state of origin (p<0.001).Conclusion: Most participants were circumcised and perceive VMMC positively. A countrywide study and scale up of the current VMMC programme are recommended.
Stroke rehabilitation in low resource countries: time to provide an organised service
Authors: Maanoosi Mehran 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). The proven efficacy for rehabilitation interventions in improving stroke outcomes in LMICs supports the need to strengthen the rehabilitation workforce. Low-cost physical rehabilitation interventions requiring minimal resources, self-rehabilitation, tele-rehabilitation and involvement of family and other carers can be a solution and improve functional outcomes.
Method: A literature search using the terms Stroke and Rehabilitation were carried out by the Chief Librarian at St. Richard’s Hospital, the University Hospital Sussex. Four databases, namely Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Ebsco CINAHL, were searched using appropriate subject headings and free text terms such as stroke and rehabilitation . We used free text terms to look for concepts synonymous with rehabilitation in LMICs. We did not search for individual countries or continents/sub-continents.
Results: Relevant results from 2015 to current were included. Twenty articles were finally chosen which included the most relevant and useful information for the purpose of this article.
Conclusion: Populations in LMICs are exposed to health systems which do not include rehabilitation services. In addition, there are personal barriers to accessing quality stroke rehabilitation that could improve stroke survival and functional outcomes. Although there have been some improvements in the development of stroke rehabilitation in some LMICs, further investment is required to ensure that LMICs continue to receive the best quality rehabilitation services. There are measures that can be put in place to reduce these deficiencies. Collaboration between LMICs and developed countries has been growing but this needs to be extended, especially in training doctors in Rehabilitation Medicine and upskilling therapists. The World Health Organisation Rehabilitation 2030 is an action plan to scale up rehabilitation so that countries, especially LMICs, can be better prepared to address the evolving rehabilitation needs of populations by 2030.
HUBUNGAN FREKUENSI MENYUSUI DENGAN KELANCARAN PRODUKSI ASI IBU POSTPARTUM DI DESA KAYEE LEE KECAMATAN INGIN JAYA KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Riza Nelva 
Published: February 2024

WorldHealth Organization (WHO), United Nation Internasional Children’s Emergency fund (UNICEF) dan Kementerian Kesehatan merekomendasikan inisiasi menyusui dalam satu jam pertama kehidupan bayi, ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan, hingga 2 tahun, ASI harus tetap di berikan bersama dengan pendamping ASI yang aman dan bergizi. Produksi ASI yang tidak lancar menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan dalam pemberian ASI secara eksklusif. Salah satu usaha untuk memperbanyak ASI adalah dengan menyusui anak secara teratur.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan frekuensi menyusui dengan kelancaran produksi ASI ibu postpartumdi Desa Matang Janeng Kecamatan Tanah Pasir Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain studi “cross sectional”, dengan sampel sebanyak 38 orang dengan cara total sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 13 – 26April 2022 dengan metode pengukuran penyebaran kuesioner. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil analisis univariat diperoleh bahwafrekuensi menyusui pada ibu postpartum sebagian besar berada pada kategori tidak teratur berjumlah 23 orang (60,5%) dan produksi ASI ibu postpartum sebagian besar berada pada kategori tidak lancar berjumlah 21 orang (55,3%) sedangkan hasil analisis bivariat diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubunganantara frekuensi menyusui dengan kelancaran produksi ASI ibu postpartum dengan nilai p value sebesar 0.003. Diharapkan kepada responden agar dapat menyusui bayinya secara teratur agar produksi ASI dapat keluar dengan lancar sehingga bayi dapat terpenuhi nutrisinya.

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nation International Children's Emergency fund (UNICEF) and the Ministry of Health recommend initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of a baby's life, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, up to 2 years. . Milk production that is not smooth is one of the factors that causes failure in exclusive breastfeeding. One of the efforts to increase breast milk is to breastfeed children regularly. North Aceh District Sand. This type of research is analytic with a "cross sectional" study design, with a sample of 38 people by total sampling. This research was conducted on April 13 to 26, 2022 with the method of measuring the distribution of questionnaires. Data processing is done by using the chi square test. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the frequency of breastfeeding in postpartum mothers was mostly in the irregular category of 23 people (60.5%) and the mother's milk production was mostly in the non-current category again in 21 people (55.3%) while the results of the bivariate analysis it was found that there was a relationship between breastfeeding frequency and postpartum mother's milk production with a p value of 0.003. Respondents are expected to be able to breastfeed their babies regularly so that milk production can come out smoothly so that the baby's nutrition can be fulfilled.