bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Drugs from the Group of Polymer Electrolyte Derivatives against a Wide Range of Viruses
Authors: Razgulyaeva D. N. , Klabukov A. M. , Galochkina A. V. , Garshinina A. V. , Zhuravskaya O. N. , Gavrilova I. I. , Manakhov V. A. , Nesterova N.  A. , Shtro A. A. , Panarin E. F. 
Published: January 2024

Background. The modern healthcare system is constantly improving and introducing new measures to protect the population from viral diseases, but the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that infections cannot always be controlled on global scale. In this regard, the development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs is more relevant than ever.The aim of the study was to investigate the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of copolymers of sodium styrene sulfonate and vinyl monomers of various chemical structures, as well as to identify promising polymers for the development of new antiviral agents.Materials and methods. 14 copolymers of sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) with various functional comonomers were synthesized. Three viruses with different reproduction strategies and transmission methods — respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and herpes virus — were selected for the assessment of antiviral activity.Results. The screening identified copolymers that showed high activity against all three viruses. It was found that the introduction of various functional groups into the structure of NaSS did not decrease antiviral activity, but significantly reduced cytotoxicity. The molecular weight has also shown a noticeable effect on the activity. Different sensitivity of viruses and cells to the studied polymers was revealed, likely due to the structural features of the virus shell and cell wall.Conclusions. The results demonstrate the potential of sodium styrene sulfonate copolymers as a model for developing a broad-spectrum antiviral drug.
Assessment of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz using multi-detector CT angiography
Authors: ZHAO Shao-hong , Logan Laura , Schraedley Pamela , Rubin Geoffrey D. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Damage to the spinal cord after the treatment of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is an uncommon but devastating complication. The artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) is the principal arterial supply of the anterior spinal artery (ASA) in the lower thoracic and lumbar level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visualization of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz, the affecting factors for the detection rate using multi-detector row CT (MDCT).

Methods
Ninety-nine consecutive patients (31 women and 68 men; age range, 25-90 years; average age 61.3 years), with suspicion for thoracic aortic lesions necessitating surgical intervention (31 aortic aneurysm, 45 dissection, 5 intramural hematoma, and 18 normal), underwent CT angiography from the aortic arch to the aortic bifurcation. Transverse sections, multiplanar reformations and thin maximum intensity projections were used to assess the ASA and AKA. The level of the ASA and AKA origins and CT acquisition parameters were recorded. The contrast-to-noise ratio of the image, an index of the mass of the T11 body (vertebral mass index), the subcutaneous fat thickness, and the CT value within the aortic arch and at the T11 level were measured. The detection of the ASA and AKA were evaluated relative to the acquisition parameters, scan characteristics, and aortic lesion type. Differences were assessed with the Wilcoxon rank-sum and t tests.

Results
The ASA was visualized in 51 patients (52%) and the AKA in 18 patients (18%). The ASA was identified in 36/67 patients (54%) with 1.25 mm thickness and in 15/32 patients (47%) with 2.5-3.0 mm thickness. This difference did not achieve significance (P=0.13). The detection rate of the ASA and the AKA was influenced by the vertebral mass index and the contrast-to-noise ratio (P<0.05). The amount of subcutaneous fat affected the detection rate of the ASA (P <0.05) but not the AKA. In CT scans of ASA detection, the mean CT values in the aorta at the arch and at T11 were 360 and 358 HU, respectively, whereas in CT scans without ASA detection, the CT values in the aorta at the arch and at T11 were lower (P <0.05), 297 and 317 HU, respectively.

Conclusions
The ASA and AKA were less frequently detected in our cohort than previous reports. The visualization of the ASA and AKA was significantly affected by aortic enhancement, the “vertebral mass index”, and the contrast-to-noise ratio.
Pharmacokinetics of sufentanil administered by target-controlled infusion in Chinese surgical patients
Authors: ZHAO Yan , WU Xin-min , DUAN Jing-li , SHENG Xiao-yan , LIU Wei , LU Wei , ZHANG Li-ping , XU Chuan-ya 
Published: January 2024

Background
Target-controlled infusion (TCI) has been recently developed and successfully implemented in clinical practice. This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in Chinese surgical patients.

Methods
The pharmacokinetics of sufentanil was investigated in 12 adult patients, aged 23–76 years, scheduled for prolonged surgery under general anesthesia. Anesthetic induction was carried out with propofol, rocuronium and TCI administered sufentanil aiming for target effect-site concentration of sufentanil 4 or 6 ng/ml. Sufentanil TCI lasted for 30 minutes. Frequent arterial blood samples (1.5 ml) were drawn during and up to 24 hours after sufentanil TCI. Plasma sufentanil concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; limit of sensitivity of mass spectrometry was 5 pg/ml. The data were analyzed with the nonlinear mixed-effect model program.

Results
The pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil were optimally described by a three-compartment model with the following parameters: the central volume of distribution (V1) = 5.4 L, the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) = 195.4 L, systemic clearance (Cl1) = 1.10 L/min, and elimination half-life (t1/2 γ) = 271.8 minutes. Both age and gender affected the pharmacokinetic parameters. The rapid distribution clearance (Cl2) was negatively correlated with patient age, and the volume of slowly equilibrating compartment (V3) was positively correlated with age. The Cl2 and the volume of rapidly equilibrating compartment (V2) were influenced by gender with male patients showing higher values of Cl2 and V2 than female patients. There was no relationship of body weight, lean body mass, plasma albumin, or target effect-site concentration of sufentanil with any of the pharmacokinetic parameters studied.

Conclusions
The pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in Chinese patients can be adequately described by a three-compartment model. Pharmacokinetics adjusted to the individual patient should improve the accuracy of TCI systems.
GATA4 and NKX2.5 gene analysis in Chinese Uygur patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: ZHANG Wei-min , LI Xiao-feng , MA Zhong-yuan , ZHANG Jing , ZHOU Si-hai , LI Tao , SHI Lin , LI Zhong-zhi 
Published: January 2024

Background
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common developmental anomaly in newborns. The germline mutations in GATA4 and NKX2.5 genes have been identified as responsible for CHD. The frequency of GATA4 and NKX2.5 mutations in Chinese Uygur patients with CHD and the correlation between their genotype and CHD phenotype are unknown.

Methods
We examined the coding region of GATA4 and NKX2.5 genes in 62 Chinese Uygur patients with CHD and 117 Chinese Uygur individuals as the controls by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequencing.

Results
Two heterozygous missense mutations of c.1220C>A and c.1273G>A in GATA4 gene, which cause the amino acid residue changes of P407Q and D425N in GATA4, were found in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot and a patient with ventricular septal defect, respectively. The two patients did not have atrioventricular conduct defects or non-cardiac abnormalities. The two mutations are expected to affect the protein function. There were no reported NKX2.5 mutations in the patients.

Conclusion
Our results provided the primary data on CHD phenotype associated with GATA4 mutation in the Chinese Uygur population.
R555W mutation of TGFβI related to granular corneal dystrophy in Chinese patients
Authors: HU Lei , XU Fei , MA Wei-jian , ZHANG Hua , SUI Rui-fang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Mutations in the transforming growth factor beta I (TGFBI) gene cause several types of autosomal-dominant corneal dystrophies. We investigated the role of this gene in a Chinese family affected by granular corneal dystrophy (GCD).

Methods
Family history and phenotypic data were recorded. The diagnosis of GCD was made on the basis of clinical evaluation. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All the exons and flanking intron-exon boundary sequences of TGFβI were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened for mutation by direct DNA sequencing.

Results
A heterozygous C to T transition at nucleotide c.1663 (CGG to TGG R555W) of TGFβI gene was present in two affected members but was absent in the rest of the family members.

Conclusion
A recurrent pathogenic R555W of TGFβI gene mutation is identified, which appears to be the predominant mutations causing GCD in different populations.
Intravitreal bevacizumab versus triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion: a matched study
Authors: HOU Jing , TAO Yong , JIANG Yan-rong , LI Xiao-xin , GAO Lei 
Published: January 2024

Background
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common retinal vascular disorder of the elderly and both intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and intravitreal bevacizumab were reported to be effective. The purpose of this study was to compare intravitreal bevacizumab with intravitreal TA for the treatment of macular edema resulting from BRVO.

Methods
The retrospectively comparative interventional study included a bevacizumab group of 34 BRVO patients (1.25 mg bevacizumab) and a TA group of 34 BRVO patients (4.0 mg TA), and the two groups were matched by baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Examinations were designed to be carried out at 1 day, 3 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after each injection. The mean follow-up was (148.43±130.56) days. Main outcome parameters were BCVA and morphometric measurements of the macula obtained by optical coherence tomography.

Results
In all follow-ups, the mean changes of BCVA (LogMAR) between two groups were not significantly different (P >0.10). Similarly, the rates of patients who got BCVA improvement ≥ lines or lost BCVA ≥ lines were not significantly different, either (P >0.10). In both groups, compared with baseline, the mean central macular thickness (CMT) got reduction from 4 weeks to 1 year after initial injection, however, which lost statistical significance at 6-month follow-up in TA group (P=0.25) and lost significance at 3-month and 6-month follow-up in bevacizumab group (P=0.07, 0.21). The mean CMT between two groups differed at 3-month follow-up (P <0.01), while almost kept parallel in other follow-ups (all P >0.40). In TA group, retinal pigment epithelium tear occurred in 1 eye at 8 weeks after initial injection and 12 eyes (35.3%) got intraocular pressure >21 mmHg. In bevacizumab group, no severe complications were observed.

Conclusion
For BRVO, intravitreal bevacizumab versus intravitreal TA causes a similar increase in visual acuity and reduction of macular edema (except 3-month follow-up) with minor complications during 1 year.
Evaluation of long-term visual performance following AcrySof ReSTOR lens implantation
Authors: ZHAO Yun-e , LI Jun-hua , ZHU Jun , WANG Dan-dan , WANG Qin-mei 
Published: January 2024

Background
Multifocal lens has become popular in cataract surgery. Short-term outcome after AcrySof ReSTOR Lens implantation had been reported by many studies, but long-term visual performance and the effect of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) on visual performance need further investigation.

Methods
This retrospective study involved 54 eyes from 41 cataract patients implanted with ReSTOR lens, with a follow-up period of 12 to 31 months. Manifest refraction spherical equivalence (MRSE), monocular uncorrected and best-corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected and distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuity, contrast sensitivity were assessed. The effect of PCO on visual performance was evaluated by comparing visual parameters between pre and post-capsulotomy.

Results
Uncorrected distance visual acuity of eyes with MRSE within ±0.5 diopter (D) was better than those with MRSE greater than ±0.5 D (P <0.05). Uncorrected distance and near visual acuity (LogMAR) was 0.10 and 0.17 respectively.
Best corrected distance visual acuity and best distance-corrected near visual acuity (LogMAR) was 0.00 and 0.16, a significant improvement was noted after correction (P=0.000, P=0.001, respectively). Contrast sensitivity logarithm was comparable with the normal value at difference spatial frequencies except at 12 cpd. In 5 eyes with mild PCO, post-capsulotomy visual parameters were better than pre-capsulotomy (P <0.05).

Conclusion
ReSTOR lens provides a good long-term distance and near vision, functional intermediate vision and contrast sensitivity. Mild PCO significantly affects visual performance and needs early intervention.
Neuronal firing in the ventrolateral thalamus of patients with Parkinson’s disease differs from that with essential tremor
Authors: CHEN Hai , ZHUANG Ping , MIAO Su-hua , YUAN Gao , ZHANG Yu-qing , LI Jian-yu , LI Yong-jie 
Published: January 2024

Background
Although thalamotomy could dramatically improve both parkinsonian resting tremor and essential tremor (ET), the mechanisms are obviously different. This study aimed to investigate the neuronal activities in the ventrolateral thalamus of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and ET.

Methods
Thirty-six patients (PD: 20, ET: 16) were studied. Microelectrode recordings in the ventral oral posterior (Vop) and the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of thalamus was performed on these patients who underwent thalamotomy. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded simultaneously on the contralateral limbs to surgery. Single unit analysis and the interspike intervals (ISIs) were measured for each neuronal type. ISI histogram and auto-correlograms were constructed to estimate the pattern of neuronal firing. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) test were used to compare the mean spontaneous firing rate (MSFR) of neurons of PD and ET patients.

Results
Three hundred and twenty-three neurons were obtained from 20 PD trajectories, including 151 (46.7%) tremor related neuronal activity, 74 neurons (22.9%) with tonic firing, and 98 (30.4%) neurons with irregular discharge. One hundred and eighty-seven neurons were identified from 16 ET trajectories including 46 (24.6%) tremor-related neuronal activity, 77 (41.2%) neurons with tonic firing, and 64 neurons (34.2%) with irregular discharge. The analysis of MSFR of neurons with tonic firing was 26.7 (3.4-68.3) Hz (n=74) and that of neurons with irregular discharge (n=98) was 13.9 (3.0-58.1) Hz in PD; whereas MSFR of neurons with tonic firing (n=77) was 48.8 (19.0-135.5) Hz and that of neurons with irregular discharge (n=64) was 26.3 (8.7-84.7) Hz in ET. There were significant differences in the MSFR of two types of neuron for PD and ET (K-W test, both P <0.05). Significant differences in the MSFR of neuron were also obtained from Vop and Vim of PD and ET (16.3 Hz vs. 34.8 Hz, 28.0 Hz vs. 49.9 Hz) (K-W test, both P <0.05), respectively.

Conclusion
In consistent with recent findings, the decreased MSFR of neurons observed in the Vop is likely to be involved in PD whereas the increased MSFR of neurons seen in the Vim may be a cause of ET.
Effects of preeclampsia-like symptoms at early gestational stage on feto-placental outcomes in a mouse model
Authors: MA Rui-qiong , SUN Min-na , YANG Zi 
Published: January 2024

Background
Early and late-onset preeclampsia is thought to be different disease entities. This study aimed to determine the effects of early-onset preeclampsia-like symptoms on feto-placental outcomes and the adverse impacts of various factors on placental and fetal growth and development at different gestational stages in a mouse model.

Methods
Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were divided into control and preeclampsia (PE) groups, and injected subcutaneously with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 50 mg kg-1d-1. The PE group was divided into early-, mid- and late-PE groups with L-NAME injections starting on days 7, 11 and 16 of pregnancy, respectively. Corresponding control groups were injected with saline at the same time points. Blood pressure was measured until days 14 and 18, when the fetuses and placentas were removed under anesthesia. Blood pressure, urinary protein, and fetal and placental conditions were analyzed.

Results
Blood pressure and urinary protein increased following L-NAME injection. The fetal survival rate and fetal weight were reduced and the fetal absorption rate was increased in the early-PE group on days 14 and 18 of pregnancy, compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the late-PE group and the respective control group. Placental weights in the early- and mid-PE groups were significantly reduced at days 14 and 18 of pregnancy compared with the control groups, but there was no significant difference in placental weight between the late-PE group and the respective control group. Morphologic examination of placentas from the early- and mid-PE groups showed varying degrees of fibrinoid necrosis and villous interstitial edema, but no significant pathologic changes were found in the placentas from the late-PE or control groups.

Conclusion
Preeclampsia-like symptoms occurring during the early stage of pregnancy are more likely to affect placental and fetal development, whereas late onset preeclampsia-like symptoms have a direct impact on the mothers.

Chin Med J 2010;123(6):707-712
Effects of L-lysine monohydrochloride on insulin and blood glucose levels in spinal cord injured rats
Authors: ZHANG Tian-ling , ZHAO Yu-wu , LIU Xue-yuan , DING Su-ju 
Published: January 2024

Background
Hyperglycemia in brain and spinal cord could aggravate neurologic impairment. Recent studies showed that L-lysine monohydrochloride (LMH) could increase the insulin secretion and regulate the blood glucose level. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LMH on pancreatic islet B cells, the levels of endogenous insulin and blood glucose in spinal cord injured rats.

Methods
Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely, normal control group, model group, high-dose LMH group (621.5 mg/kg equal to LMH 1/8 LD50), and low-dose LMH group (310.8 mg/kg equal to LMH 1/16 LD50). The model of spinal cord injured rat was established by hemi-transection at the lower right thoracic spinal cord. LMH was administered via intraperitoneal injection once spinal cord injury was produced in rats. All rats were sacrificed 48 hours after spinal cord injured. The effects of LMH on pancreatic islet B cells, the content of endogenous insulin, and the level of blood glucose were observed with immunohistochemical method, radioimmunoassay method, and biochemical analyzer, respectively.

Results
The insulin immunohistochemical intensities of islet B cells were significantly weaker in model group than those in normal control group (P <0.01). The levels of endogenous insulin were significantly lower and the blood glucose levels were significantly higher in model group than those in normal control group (P <0.01). The insulin immunohistochemical intensities of islet B cells were significantly stronger in high-dose LMH group than those in model group (P <0.05). In addition, we found that the levels of endogenous insulin were significantly higher and the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in high-dose LMH group than those in model group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the insulin immunohistochemical intensities of islet B cells, the levels of endogenous insulin and the blood glucose between low-dose LMH group and model group (P >0.05).

Conclusion
LMH, but dose-dependent, might participate in the regulation of pancreatic islet B cells, and then reduce the blood glucose levels in the spinal cord injured rats.
Transcription factor HAND2 mutations in sporadic Chinese patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: SHEN Lei , LI Xiao-feng , SHEN A-dong , WANG Qiang , LIU Cai-xia , GUO Ya-jie , SONG Zhen-jiang , LI Zhong-zhi 
Published: January 2024

Background
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND2 plays an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis. However, the prevalence of HAND2 mutations in congenial heart disease (CHD) and the correlation between the HAND2 genotype and CHD phenotype have not been studied extensively.

Methods
We amplified the exons and the flanking intron sequences of the HAND2 gene in 131 patients diagnosed with congenital defects of the right ventricle, outflow tract, aortic artery or cardiac cushion and confirmed the mutations by sequencing.

Results
Seven mutations including three missense mutations (P11R, S36N and V83L), one isonymous mutation (H14H) and three mutations in untranslated region (241A>G, 604C>T and 3237T>A) were identified in 12 out of the 131 patients. Both nonisonymous mutations are located in the transcriptional activation domain on the N-terminus. Only one mutation (S36N) was identified in 250 normal healthy controls. The distribution of 3637T>A is the unique one which was different between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

HAND2 may be a potential candidate gene of stenosis of the right ventricle, outflow tract. Further study of those with a family history of HAND2 mutations will help convincingly relate their genotype to the pathogenesis of CHD.
Death mode-dependent reduction in succinate dehydrogenase activity in hair cells of aging rat cochleae
Authors: YANG Wei-ping , HU Bo-hua , SUN Jian-he , ZHAI Suo-qiang , Donald Henderson 
Published: January 2024

Background
Our previous studies have shown that both apoptosis and necrosis are involved in hair cell (HC) pathogenesis in aging cochleae. To better understand the biological mechanisms responsible for the regulation of HC death, we examined the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a mitochondrial bioenergetic enzyme, in the HCs of aging cochleae.

Methods
The auditory brainstem response thresholds elicited by tone bursts at 4, 10 and 20 kHz were measured in both young (2–3 months) and aging (22–23 months) Wistar rats. SDH activity was evaluated with a colorimetric assay using nitroblue tetrazolium monosodium salt. The SDH-labeled organs of Corti were double stained with propidium iodide, a DNA intercalating fluorescent probe for illustration of HC nuclei. All the specimens were examined with fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy.

Results
Aging rats exhibited a significant elevation of ABR thresholds with threshold shifts being 34 dB at 20 kHz, 28 dB at 10 kHz, and 25 dB at 4 kHz. Consistent with the reduction in the cochlear function, aging cochleae exhibited the reduction of SDH staining intensity in the apical and the basal ends of the cochleae, where a large number of apoptotic, necrotic, and missing HCs were evident. The reduction in SDH staining appeared in a cell-death-mode dependent fashion. Specifically, SDH labeling remained in apoptotic HCs. In contrast, SDH staining was markedly reduced or absent in necrotic HCs.

Conclusions
In the aging cochlea, SDH activity is preserved in HCs undergoing apoptosis, but is substantially reduced in necrosis. These results suggest that mitochondrial energetic function is involved in the regulation of cell death pathways in the pathogenesis of aging cochleae.