bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of soybean milk with calcium
Authors: Prabharaksa Ch. , Olek A. C. , Steinkraus K. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCalcium in soymilk was increased to that of human milk by the addition of 0.2% calcium lactate. It was, however, impossible to raise the calcium content of soymilk to that of cow's milk. The maximum amount of calcium lactate that could be added to soymilk without coagulation of the milk protein was found to be 0.45% which resulted in about 75 mg of Ca/100 ml of soymilk. This amount was approximately 60% of the calcium in cow's milk. Sodium citrate had to be added in combination with calcium lactate to reinforce colloidal stability of the milk. The ratio of Ca to P in the milk containing added 0.45% calcium lactate was comparable to that of cow's milk and at the amount normally consumed daily by infants and children it seemed to meet the requirements of Ca and P.
Optimization of single cell protein production from cassava starch (Rhizopus oligosporus)
Authors: Sukara E. , Doelle H. W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe fermentation pattern of cassava starch utilization was investigated at 37°C using Rhizopus oligosporus UQM 145 F and eight different media. Depending on the medium used, the addition of zinc or zinc plus iron to a combination of calcium plus manganese switches the fermentation from glucose accumulation to biomass (single cell protein) production. Complete starch hydrolyzation was obtained in both cases, with a complete glucose utilization resulting in 24 g biomass containing 30% true protein per 100 g cassava starch (= 7.45 g SCP/100 g substrate) in 24 hours. In the case of glucose accumulation, biomass was kept low and 15.5 g/l glucose representing 57.3% of starch supplied were obtained in 36 hours. R. oligosporus UQM 145 F grows well between 30° and 45°C. At 45°C and pH 5.0, 7.0 g SCP/100 g substrate were obtained, which rose to 8.6 g if cassava starch is replaced by ground cassava tuber.
FERM – a decision support system for fermentation processes
Authors: Guthke R. , Schulz V. , Knorre W. A. , Haupt B. , Wernstedt J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor recombinant DNA product fermentations in the laboratory and pilot scale as well as for antibiotic fermentations at the industrial scale decision support program systems for personal computers were developed. It assists the operator to solve control and decision tasks. Applying this program the data and knowledge bases increase, which include measured and derived process data, parameters and comments of previous fermentation runs as well as algorithmic and declarative rules.
Nonionic tensides modify papain structure and proteolytic activity
Authors: Szögyi M. , Cserháti T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe effect of 33 polyethoxylated nonionic tensides with various hydrophobic moieties was studied on the proteolytic activity and phase transition behaviour of papain. Tensides with longer ethyleneoxide chain markedly increased the phase transition temperatures of papain indicating possible hydrogen bond formation between the hydrophilic ethyleneoxide chain and the polar substructures of papain. The character of lipophilic moiety of tensides influences also each physicochemical parameter of papain suggesting the existence of hydrophobic interactions too. The significant positive linear correlations between the activity increasing and structure stabilizing effects of tensides make probably that the structure modification of papain accounts for its enchanced proteolytic activity.
Modelling of the calculation of the power input for aerated single‐ and multistage impellers with special respect to scale‐up
Authors: Möckel H.‐O. , Wolleschensky E. , Drewas S. , Drewas S. , Rahner H.‐J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor both laboratory and industrial scale fermenters the stirred fermenter is often being used. Especially for the design procedure of industrial fermenters with variable speed drive it is important to know the exact power characteristics for single and multiple impellers. The calculation procedure used for estimating the gassed power input gives the possibility to calculate the gassed power drawn by at maximum 3 impellers in vessels up to 3.5 m in diameter in aerated water. For calculation one only needs known parameters. This power input is valid for low and medium viscous fermentation broths too because especially after the addition of antifoam agents the properties of the liquid phase are then comparable to water as a coalescing liquid. It is possible to calculate the gassed power drawn by each impeller of a multiple system. This calculation procedure is applicable to different fermentation broths where in the range of low aeration rates the results differ from those for water.
Ready‐to‐use microbiological culturing set
Authors: Čderský I. , Kybal J. , Sikyta B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA ready‐to‐use microbiological culturing set is described which contains a solid nutrient medium for single use. The set consists of a transparent circular dish with a flange along the upper rim, sterile solid medium, transparent lid with a grip, into which the dish loosely fits, and a multilayer covering foil which provides an air‐tight sealing of the cover. The set can be used without any problems for 2.5 years after its fabrication, as verified by culturing different microorganisms on several solid nutrient media.
A simple and versatile system for fermentation control by on‐line HPLC analysis of medium components
Authors: Koliander W. , Arnezeder C. , Hampel W. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe configuration and applicability of a system for on‐line determinations of media components by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described, assembled only from commercial available stand‐alone devices. The fermentation broth is circulated in a bypass through a magnetically stirred filtration unit. The clear filtrate is injected at preset intervals by an electrically actuated valve into the HPLC analysis system. Excess filtrate is circulated back to the fermenter to minimize liquid loss. The system offers aseptic operation, an excellent long‐term stability and a relatively short response time. A wide range of media components is detectable by appropriate choice of analytical HPLC columns and detectors. The system was tested for the analysis of carbohydrates in cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Streptomyces olivaceus and Arthrobacter sp.
Evidence for the β‐glucosidase activity and cellobiose fermentation by various kloeckera strains
Authors: Vasserot Y. , Chemardin P. , Arnaud A. , Galzy P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwenty one yeast strains were tested for their β‐glucosidase activity. Only four produced significant quantities of β‐glucosidase but none of them was able to secrete it. These four strains were tested under fermentative conditions and none of them was able to ferment cellobiose anaerobically.
Features of aspergillus japonicus cellobiase formation and optimization of its production
Authors: Okunev O. N. , Solovjeva I. V. , Michaleva N. I. , Sokolov D. M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe studied some mechanisms of cellobiase formation in Asp. Japonicus VKM F‐2092 aiming at the subsequent development of controlled cultivation to produce the enzyme.Formation of cellobiase was found to be of noninducible constitutive character. The enzyme was predominantly localized in the cytosole and the periplasm, its minor portion being cell‐wall bound.The release of the enzyme into the medium was due to autolytic processes.The two‐phaseness of cellobiase formation in Asp. Japonicus grown on a mineral medium with 0.5% glucose was shown to be determined by the following mechanisms:

Catabolic repression. We established glucose concentrations causing the repression and found it to be dependent on carbon sources in the growth medium.
Catabolic inhibition. Cellobiase activity was found to be inhibited by assumed glucose metabolites in the presence of nitrate nitrogen in the medium.
.Practical recommendations to optimize the process of cellobiase production by Asp. Japonicus are given.
Efficient transformation of thermotolerant methanol & strains of methylophilus spp. via electroporation
Authors: Haider M. Z. , Al‐Taho N. , Al‐Salameen F. , Kadri M. H. , Al‐Amad S. , Spanier E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPlasmid transformation of three thermotolerant strains of methylotrophic bacterium Methylophilus spp. was investigated using three different methods. The plasmids could be transformed by electroporation and were stabily maintained in these methylotrophic bacteria. The calcium chloride (competent cell) method was successful only in the case of one of the three strains studied. Protoplast transformation of methylotrophic bacteria was not successful. The antibiotic resistance markers conferred resistance on the transformants, whereas the wild‐type bacteria were sensitive to the antibiotics.
Growth of thiobacillus ferrooxidans under electrochemical reduction of inorganic energy source used
Authors: Hübner K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn electrolytic cell was designed and constructed for the formentation of T. ferroxidans using Fe2+ as the energy‐supplying substrate. The Fe3+ produced by T. ferrooxidans by fermentation is continuously reduced to Fe 2+ in the electrolytic cell. A suitable version of the electrolytic cell permitted the elimination of most inorganic solid matter (precipitate) from the fermentation process.The fermentation of T. ferrooxidans was carried out with and without the electrolytic cell. Fermentation with the cell yielded significant rises both in the maximum obtainable growth rate and the biomass concentration.The experimental of data are discussed and the theoretical substrate consumption coefficient was calculated for Fe2+ as a function of the pH and the coefficient was compared with the experimental results.
Production of lipids from a thermoacidophilic bacillus strain. I. Lipids from bacillus acidocaldarius ZIMET 11274
Authors: Vier B. , Rogge G. , Voigt B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new isolated Bacillus strain was cultivated continuously at 68°C and pH 3 for a long time. Extractable lipids represent about 3.6% of cell dry weight and are made up of 18% neutral lipids, 39.3% glycolipids, and 42% acidic lipids. Main components of the fatty acid fraction are ω‐cyclohexylundecanoic acid and ω‐cyclohexyltridecanoic acid, respectively. MK‐7 and hop‐22(29)‐ene are components of the unsaponifiable fraction. The glycolipid fraction contains the pentacyclic triterpenoid tetrahydroxybacteriohopane.Based on the thermoacidophilic growth conditions, the morphologic and physiological properties, and the nature of lipids, it can assumed that the new isolated strain belongs to the species Bacillus acidocaldarius.
Growth of a lactate dehydrogenase deficient mutant of bacillus stearothermophilus in continuous culture
Authors: Shama G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA lactate dehydrogenase deficient strain of B. stearothermophilus, lld‐15, was outgrown by revertants to lactate production when cultivated in a chemostat at D = 0.25 h−1 on a rich complex medium at a sucrose concentration of 2.5% (w/v) but was maintained without reversion at this dilution rate when the sucrose concentration was only 0.5% (w/v). In batch culture the revertant showed characteristics which distinguished it both from B. stearothermophilus strains lld‐15 and NCA 1503.
Conversion of furfural into furfuryl alcohol by saccharomyces cervisiae 354
Authors: Diaz De Villegas M. E. , Villa P. , Guerra M. , Rodriguez E. , Redondo D. , Martinez A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe influence of aeration, stirring conditions, and the addition of furfural on the yield and productivity of furfural – furfuryl alcohol bioconversion by the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 354 was investigated.The formation of furfuryl alcohol increases up to 32 hours of incubation corresponding to the addition of furfural, while the cell growth essentially ceased at 20 hours.The conversion of furfural into furfuryl alcohol under anaerobic and low aeration conditions was 70% and the productivity 0.5g · 1−1 · h−1, when the final concentrationof of furfural amounted to 35 g · 1−1.
Multiple shoot formation and phenotypic changes of R0 regenerants in Hypericum perforatum L.
Authors: Čellárová E. , Kimáková K. , Brutovská R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSeedings of Hypericum perforatum L. have produced multiple shoots on RM medium supplemented with 2.22 or 4.40 μM BAP. Regenerants were evaluated for variability in several morphological characteristics. A comparison with the control showed significant differences in fresh and dry matter and height of plants, but did not effect branching and the number of glands containing dianthrones.
Microbial transformation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol by saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Villa G. P. , Bartroli R. , López R. , Guerra M. , Enrique M. , Peñas M. , Rodríquez E. , Redondo D. , Jglesias I. , Díaz M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBiotransformation of furfural by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 354 was performed in a sugar cane molasses medium containing salts. The furfural added was rapidly reduced to furfuryl alcohol until a final addition of 3%, without inhibition in the cells growth. An efficient conversion of 96% was obtained by feeding 6 g · l−1 every 6 hours.
Production of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms on sugar cane agrowastes
Authors: Klibansky M. M. , Mansur M. , Gutierrez I. , González L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe growth of different strains of Pleurotus spp. on sugar cane agrowastes was evaluated. Three hybrid strains with good production outcomes and yields exceeding 17% were selected. Strain 184 (P. ostreatus x P. pulmonarius) showed the best results.Three spawn materials (wheat grain, millet grain and milled corn cob) at different spawning levels were tested and a significant influence was found. The obtained results were best explained in terms of total nitrogen content of the initial mixture (spawn + substrate), suggesting a probable nitrogen limited growth of the mushroom on sugar cane residues. A 10% millet grain spawn was found to be a reasonable compromise.Productive responses decreased with an increase in bag's capacity (8–10–12 kg), even though the same diameter was maintained in order to avoid pronounced temperature profiles. Smaller bag's capacities (8–10 kg) were recommended.It was also shown that the utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) mixed 50/50 with sugar cane residues as substrate caused a twofold increase of crop responses, confirming the advantages of this substrate supplementation.The obtained results identified sugar cane agrowastes as a feasible substrate for Pleurotus spp. production with yields and biological efficiencies comparable and to some extent better than others reported with conventional lignocellulosic residues such as cereal straw.
Screening and selection of bacteria with high amylolytic activity
Authors: Castro G. R. , Ferrero M. A. , Méndez B. S. , Sin¯eriz F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract515 microorganisms of the genus Bacillus which produce starch‐degrading enzymes were isolated from natural environments in the course of a screening programme. Treating the Bacillus strains on agar plates with iodine reagent for 30 seconds led to the selection of clones with increased amylolytic activity. This methods is very convenient for the screening of large numbers of amylolytic strains.
Dinitrophenol influences the rate and yield of Acetobacter methanolicus during the growth on glucose
Authors: Müller R. H. , Babel W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAcetobacter methanolicuswas grown on glucose in the presence of dinitrophenol (DNP) under carbon/energy‐limited conditions. DNP affected both the growth yield and the growth rate (Dsh) at which the energy generation was shifted from a complete to an incomplete substrate oxidation by using the PQQ‐linked glucose dehydrogenase. The more the growth yield was decreased, the higher both the DNP concentration and the growth rate became. At about 0.53 mM DNP, growth was completely stopped. Dsh decreased from 0.21h−1in the absence of DNP to 0.175 h−1and 0.075 h−1in the presence of 0.2 mM and 0.4 mM DNP, respectively. The experimental data are discussed in terms of the limitations in the generation of energy and some stress situations which are exerted by the presence of the uncoupler.
Characterization of transgenic mice lineages. II. Transgenic mice expressing HBsAg particles and showing female sterility
Authors: Pérez A. , Castro F. O. , Martínez R. , Falcón V. , Baranovsky N. , Berlanga J. , Aguirre A. , Infante J. , Guillén I. , Aguilar A. , de la Fuente J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe tissue specificity of the expression of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in transgenic mice was studied. Northern blot hybridization and electron microscopy of various tissues revealed the higher HBsAg transcription levels confined to the liver and kidney, and to a lesser extent to the spleen and intestines. In electron microscopic studies we found HBsAg particles in the serum of transgenic animals to be positive by ELISA to HBsAg. The expression of the transgene was localized in situ in the ovary, liver, kidney, and spleen of transgenic mice, employing a polyclonal antiserum directed against the HBsAg and conjugated with protein A‐gold. Surprisingly, F1 transgenic females from the CB‐104 line, expressing HBsAg in the serum, showed impaired fertility, although the ovarian function was not diminished. Normal off‐spring were obtained after cross embryo transfer between transgenic (Tg) females to non‐transgenic (Ntg) recipients or from Ntg embryos transferred to Tg recipients. We speculate that this phenomenon could be related to a disruption on a gene(s) somehow involved in the reproductive performance of the transgenic females.
Evaluation of the effects of a polyurethane carrier on the degeradation of chlorinated anilines by Pseudomonas acidovorans CA50
Authors: Loidl M. , Stockinger J. , Hinteregger C. , Streichsbier F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA previously described model system for the treatment of harzardous chloroaniline‐containing waste waters using immobilized bacterial cells in a bioreactor was enhanced in its degradation efficiency. This was achieved by the substitution of the calcium alginate heads by an inert polyurethane (PU)‐carrier. The supply of chloroaniline‐polluted waste waters with the PU‐carrier (1.25% w/v) resulted in a distinct decrease of the pollutant concentrations in the solution due to the effects of adsorption. Nevertheless, the initially bound amounts of the chloroanilines were also degraded, which was proved by the chloride balance. In comparative batch‐degradation experiments with the Pseudomonas acidovorans strain CA50 with and without the addition of the PU‐carrier (1.25% v/w), respectively, the advantages of the PU‐supplied treatment system were demonstrated; among others a marked shortening of the degradation periods was achieved. The advantage of the PU‐carrier was also shown by using a bubble reactor. In this connection, it is particularly worth mentioning, that high degradation rates can be achieved for a long time even for strongly persistent pollutants.
Generation of rules for expert systems by statistical methods of fermentation data analysis
Authors: Guthke R. , Ludwig B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFive new methods for determining the relations between kinetic data of fermentations are described and applied to an industrial antibotic fermentation process. The input data for these method are the elements of the distance matrix dij, which quantify the sum of the deviation squares between the time dependent kinetics x (t) of the fermentation runs i and j. For each measurable or calculable kinetic state variable, one n x n distance matrix must be calculated where n is the number of fermentation runs. All methods compare these distance matrices by statistical or graph‐theoretical approaches. The algorithms obtained are universally applicable if enough kinetic data are available, especially from more than 10 comparable fermentation runs. The algorithms were developed for the use in knowledge acquisition modules of expert systems.
The relationship between the microbial activity of the autochthonous microorganisms of pristine and contaminated soils and their potential for the degradation of mineral oil hydrocarbons
Authors: Miethe D. , Riis V. , Babel W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe microbial activity of pristine and contaminated soils was investigated by measuring the following parameters: glucose induced respiration, dimethylsulphoxide reduction and the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate. The viable counts were determined by the plate count method.The ability of the autochthonous microorganisms of the investigated soils to degrade diesel fuel was determined in a closed system on the basis of the oxygen consumption and by direct measurements of the hydrocarbon concentrations.As expected, compost showed the highest microbial activity with regard to all three parameters, followed by the grassland and the arable soil samples which were also found to have high activity. However, soils that had been exposed to mineral oil for a long period of time showed significantly lower values.Microorganisms from contaminated sites had a high degradation potential; few pristine soils reached similar turnover rates. The investigations showed that the level of the degradation of diesel fuel in pristine soils correlated with their microbial activity, but this correlation was not found in the investigated contaminated soils.
Construction of broad‐host‐range plasmids for the expression of heterologous genes in Acetobacter methanolicus B58
Authors: Föllner C. G. , Schröder R. , Babel W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe construction of different plasmids reported here on the basis of a broad‐host‐range RSF1010 replicon allows an efficient expression of heterologous genes in the acidophilic methanol‐assimilating bacterium Acetobacter methanolicus B58.The promoter‐probe vector pRS201 was used for the identification and isolation of the promoter containing sequences derived from the DNA of the Acetobacter phage Acm1. Further, this plasmid was coupled with the Escherichia coli promoters tac and pr creating the expression vectors pRS201tac and pRS201pr, respectively. After the insertion of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene of the cloned promoters downstream, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was determined in a cell‐free extract of both E. coli and A. methanolicus.Using E. coli promoters as well as promoters of the Acetobacter phage Acm1 arranged in tandem with the promoters of the heterologous genes to be expressed, the pectat lyase gene (ptlB) of Erwinia carotovora and the threonine A gene (thrA) of E. coli were successfully expressed in A. methanolicus.The stability of recombinant plasmids under various conditions in A. methanolicus strains was tested using antibiotic‐free media.
Stability studies of thermophilic anaerobic sludges under suboptimal feeding conditions and temperatures
Authors: Obaya M. C. , Valdés E. , Ramos J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe behaviour of thermophilic anaerobic sludge from the UASB process was investigated under suboptimal conditions.Stability studies, carried out during the normal operation of the reactors, showed that a short‐term decrease in temperature had no influence on the behaviour of the process.Nevertheless, interruptions in feeding and a long‐term decrease in temperatures can produce very drastic effects on the stability of the system.