bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further monopole effects in neutron-rich Sb isotopes*
Authors: Wang 王 Han-Kui 韩奎 , Sun 孙 Yu-Le 雨乐 , Jiang 蒋 Bo-Wen 博文 , Zeng 曾 Fan-Fei 凡斐 , Liu 柳 Min-Liang 敏良 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The level spectra of neutron-rich Sb isotopes have been investigated within a shell-model space containing cross-shell excitations and the intruder orbit

. High-spin levels (27/2

) and (29/2

) in

Sb are taken over by the monopole effect induced by orbit

. The ground state and excited levels in

Sb are well improved by considering the monopole correction between neutron orbits

and

. The energy shrinking of the first excited state 5/2

in

Sb isotopes is explained by the

shift due to the attractive

monopole interaction when increasingly more neutrons occupy orbit

. The ground state of

Sb is predicted as 5/2

owing to the shrinking of the 5/2

states in Sb isotopes that causes ground state inversion when N = 88. Further monopole effects extend the applicable range of the present Hamiltonian to nuclei with more neutrons above the N = 82 shell. This Hamiltonian will be public, and researchers are encouraged to contact the authors.
A computational model of surface electromyography signal alterations after spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Guijin , Balbinot Gustavo , Furlan Julio C , Kalsi-Ryan Sukhvinder , Zariffa José 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause significant impairment and disability with an impact on the quality of life for individuals with SCI and their caregivers. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a sensitive and non-invasive technique to measure muscle activity and has demonstrated great potential in capturing neuromuscular changes resulting from SCI. The mechanisms of the sEMG signal characteristic changes due to SCI are multi-faceted and difficult to study in vivo. In this study, we utilized well-established computational models to characterize changes in sEMG signal after SCI and identify sEMG features that are sensitive and specific to different aspects of the SCI. Approach. Starting from existing models for motor neuron pool organization and motor unit action potential generation for healthy neuromuscular systems, we implemented scenarios to model damages to upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons, and the number of muscle fibers within each motor unit. After simulating sEMG signals from each scenario, we extracted time and frequency domain features and investigated the impact of SCI disruptions on sEMG features using the Kendall Rank Correlation analysis. Main results. The commonly used amplitude-based sEMG features (such as mean absolute values and root mean square) cannot differentiate between injury scenarios, but a broader set of features (including autoregression and cepstrum coefficients) provides greater specificity to the type of damage present. Significance. We introduce a novel approach to mechanistically relate sEMG features (often underused in SCI research) to different types of neuromuscular alterations that may occur after SCI. This work contributes to the further understanding and utilization of sEMG in clinical applications, which will ultimately improve patient outcomes after SCI.
Design of passive and structural conductors for tokamaks using thin-wall eddy current modeling
Authors: Battey A.F. , Hansen C. , Garnier D. , Weisberg D. , Paz-Soldan C. , Sweeney R. , Tinguely R.A. , Creely A.J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A new three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling tool (ThinCurr) has been developed using the existing PSI-Tet finite-element code in support of conducting structure design work for both the SPARC and DIII-D tokamaks. Within this framework a 3D conducting structure model was created for both the SPARC and DIII-D tokamaks in the thin-wall limit. This model includes accurate details of the vacuum vessel and other conducting structural elements with realistic material resistivities. This model was leveraged to support the design of a passive runaway electron mitigation coil (REMC), studying the effect of various design parameters, including coil resistivity, current quench duration, and plasma vertical position, on the effectiveness of the coil. The REMC is a non-axisymmetric coil designed to passively drive large non-axisymmetric fields during the plasma disruption thereby destroying flux surfaces and deconfining RE seed populations. These studies indicate that current designs should apply substantial 3D fields at the plasma surface during future plasma current disruptions as well as highlight the importance of having the REMC conductors away from the machine midplane in order to ensure they are robust to off-normal disruption scenarios.
Effects of strike point location on the divertor particle and energy flux decay widths on EAST by experiment and SOLPS modeling
Authors: Zhang Chen , Sang Chaofeng , Tao Yuqiang , Jia Guozhang , Meng Lingyi , Wang Liang , Zhang Bin , Xu Guosheng , Zhao Xuele , Wang Yiling , Wang Dezhen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The new lower tungsten divertor of EAST uses a right-angle shape consisted by horizontal and vertical targets, which has the capacity of increasing the divertor closure. The strike point (SP) sweeping experiment is carried out to (1) avoid long-term deposition of particle and heat flux at the same location, thus protecting the target, (2) study the dependence of power control capability on the SP location. The particle and energy flux densities to the target depends strongly on their decay width. Therefore, it is important to know how the SP location influences the outer target (OT) particle parallel λjs

,OT and OT parallel heat flux decay widths λq

,OT. In this work, SOLPS-ITER simulations combined with SP sweeping experiment are applied to study this issue. Four cases, which are taken from different time during SP sweeping (including both horizontal and vertical divertor) in L-mode experiment with high heating power, are selected for investigation. The simulation result is in satisfactory agreement with experiment data, suggesting the simulation is valid. The results indicate that the SP location can affect neutral particles accumulation and ionization positions, thus affecting λjs

,OT and λq

,OT. (1) When SP is located in horizontal target, the higher neutral particle ionization in common flux region leads to wider λjs

,OT than those of vertical target. (2) When SP is located on horizontal target, the divertor power radiation is higher than that of vertical target, resulting in wider λq

,OT. (3) Increasing upstream plasma density can effectively broaden λq

,OT, while λjs

,OT remains almost unchanged. This study improves the understanding of the influence of divertor shape on λjs

,OT and λq

,OT, and can be applied to heat flux control during long-pulse high-power discharges on EAST.
Photoluminescence Properties of Polythiophene/Tin Oxide (PTh/SnO2) Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Beelagi Darshana Upadhye , Horti N C , Kamatagi M D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the present work, we have synthesized, polythiophene/tin oxide (PTh/SnO2) polymer nanocomposites through an in-situ chemical polymerization of thiophene monomers using anhydrous FeCl3 as an oxidant. The structural, thermal and optical characterization of PTh/SnO2 nanocomposites were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. XRD spectra show the formation of pure polythiophene and incorporation of SnO2 nanofiller into the polythiophene matrix. FESEM images depict the formation of irregular rod and chain like structures with incorporation of SnO2 are noticed. TGA results reveal that the thermal stability of polymer nanocomposites is higher than that of pure polythiophene due to the strong interaction between nanofiller and polymer matrix. Fluorescence emission spectra show the emission intensity of polymer nanocomposites decreases as the concentration of SnO2 nanofiller increases due to the variation of rate of electron-hole recombination and conjugation length of polymer chain. Our results of fluorescence emission analyses suggest the PTh/SnO2 polymer nanocomposites could be a potential material for photonic devices.
The Versatility of Mannich Reaction: An Overview
Authors: Bilgaiyan P , Modi A , Shivhare N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
- One of the most significant processes for creating carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis is the Mannich reaction. It offers amino carbonyl compounds, crucial synthetic building blocks for many medicines. This Mannich bases are made by combining primary and/or secondary amines, formaldehyde, and active hydrogen molecules. Among those that are active hydrogen compounds include an acid, phenol, ketone, amide, etc. contribution involved the synthesis of 3,5 dimethyl carboxamide using a number of biologically active sulphonamides, which was followed by analysis of elements and spectrum analyses techniques using, IR, UV and 1HNMR. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis were among the pathogenic microorganisms tested for the compounds’ antibacterial efficacy at different doses. We examined the bactericidal effectiveness of parent sulphonamides and derived Mannish bases. To establish whether synthetic Mannish bases were dangerous, the LD50 test was utilised.
Synthesis of tea tree oil microcapsules via microencapsulation using novel technique
Authors: Shelar Samidha , Madankar Chandu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tea tree oil (TTO) is widely known essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia leaves naturally having antimicrobial and antibacterial activities. Due to its highly volatile nature it rapidly evaporates causing loss of efficiency and shorten the effects. Microencapsulation technique was incorporated to ensure the core material is being protected from the immediate contact with the environment and offers controlled release. In this study, microencapsulation of Tea Tree Oil was done by employing complex coacervation technique using Chitosan - Gum acacia system as the coating material and utilized tannic acid as the crosslinking agent. All the materials used in this process are from natural sources which are safe for the human and the environment. In designing the operating process condition for TTO encapsulation, we found that wall ratio of 2:5 and 3.6 pH gave the best yield along with better efficiency. The proposed method studied the surface morphology of the microcapsules with an efficiency and yield of 84.50% and 69.9 % respectively.
Optimization on the mechanical parameters and impact of welding parameters of pulsed TIG welding of Aluminium-Zinc-Magnesium alloy
Authors: Ponnusamy Prasanth , Maheskumar Pon. , Mohanraj A , Pradeep G M , Nanthakumar S , Ahammad Sk Hasane , Girimurugan R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a function of pulsed Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) weld processing factor, authors have studied the relationship between dilution and mechanical qualities including impact toughness, notch tensile strength, hardness in the as-welded condition. Welds made with a pulsed TIG torch have a minimum notch tensile strength and impact toughness than the base metal (BM) because of the grains of the inter-dendritic network formed during the welding process. Weldments made from heat-treatable (Al-Zn-Mg) Aluminium alloys have their process parameters for pulsed TIG welding optimized employing the Taguchi analysis to get the best possible mechanical qualities. Notch tensile strength is shown to be inversely proportional to impact toughness.
Effect of Beam Velocity on Firehose Instability in Earth’s Magneto-plasma with General Loss-Cone Distribution Function
Authors: Tandon Neeti , Ahirwar Ganpat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of firehose instability (FHI) in the presence of beams is investigated by applying kinetic theory and general loss cone distribution (GLCD) function. It is explained how ion/electron beams affect the growth rate and length of the FHI in low beta homogeneous plasma. The energy of the transversely heated ions is found to be reduced by the ion beam, whereas the temperature anisotropy arranges free energy, to begin with, and accelerates the growth rate of the instability. It has been discovered that the firehose instability results from the extraction of energy from ions heated perpendicularly in the presence of upflowing ion beams in the asymmetrical magneto-plasma. In the auroral acceleration region, the findings are expressed in terms of the firehose instability. The findings may be checked and then may be applied in dusty and multi-component space plasma also.
Study transmission characteristics of graded photonic crystal as low pass filter
Authors: Ankita  , Suthar Bhuvneshwer , Bissa Shivangi , Bhargava Anami 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here, we investigate propagation characteristics of graded thickness one-dimensional photonic crystal structure made of silicon and air. The optical transmission is obtained by transfer matrix method (TMM) and studied impact of graded index and refractive index variation on the transmission spectra. The optical transmission of suggested structure drops as frequency increases and falls to zero more rapidly as graded index increases. The graded index variable can be used to tune the suggested structure’s cut off frequency, which corresponds to half of the transmission value. So, such device has useful application as tunable optical low-pass filter.
Langevin’s Equation of Motion: Dynamical States and Stochastic Resonance
Authors: Bani Shesstarwell K. , Reenbohn W. L. , Kharkongor D. , Pohlong S. S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this present work, we numerically observe the existence of two dynamical states of trajectories in the underdamped motion of a particle in an inhomogeneous periodic bistable potential with high friction coefficient driven by a periodic force. The system is inhomogeneous in the sense that the coefficient of friction is periodic in space and with phase difference 'ϕ' with respect to the periodic bistable potential. Just like in sinusoidal potentials, the occurrence of stochastic resonance (SR) in the periodic bistable potential is due to the transitions between the dynamical states at an optimal (thermal) noise strength.
ZnO/Cellulose nanocomposite: Recent Developments and Future Prospects
Authors: Raina Bhoomika , Hazra Dr. Purnima 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Biocomposites are the amalgamation of two or more biodegradable, eco-friendly materials with different chemical and physical properties. Cellulose-based biocomposites are highly in demand because of their good antibacterial activities as well as their high mechanical strength, thermal stability and flexibility properties. In this review paper, ZnO/cellulose biocomposites have been chosen to discuss in detail. ZnO is an n-type, nontoxic, low cost semiconductor with a band gap of 3.4 eV; hence, more preferable over other semiconductor materials for preparing semiconductor-cellulose biocomposites. In recent time, ZnO-cellulose biocomposites have attracted great research attention for optical (UV sensing, shielding, etc.), bioelectronics (antibacterial, drug uses, etc.), mechanical (toughness, etc.), electric (di-electric, etc.), and thermal applications. In the majority of literature, ZnO/cellulose biocomposites are either used in UV-related applications, like in cosmetic products to act as a protector or in antimicrobial activities like food packaging, fungus treatment, etc. In this paper, we have extensively included the literature reported till date on the preparation and characterization of ZnO-cellulose biocomposites. The preferable applications of the as-prepared biocomposites are also discussed in detail to find out the future scope of these biocomposites for practical applications.
Potential forensic applications of carbon nanodots
Authors: Sowmyya T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nanotechnology is a flourishing branch of research due to the incredible properties nanomaterials exhibit over their massive counterparts. Carbon nanodots are the members of the carbon nanoparticle family with prominent properties like hydrophilicity, low toxicity, biocompatibility, increased stability and ease of functionalization. They are excellent replacement to metal based quantum dots which are highly toxic. Carbon nanodots are being used in the fields of medicine, environmental science, drug delivery and forensic science. Applications of carbon nanodots can be seen in bio imaging, bio sensing, cancer diagnosis and treatment, biological activities, solar cells and as photo catalysts. Forensic science is the science behind crime investigation and evidence analysis. Development of novel, rapid, on site testing materials for accurate, specific and sensitive detection of forensic evidences is required for delivery of justice to the victims of crime. Carbon nanodots have shown promising applications in the field of forensic science as well. Use of carbon nanodots as invisible ink for anti-counterfeiting application of currency and security documents and use of these nanomaterials in development of latent fingerprints are some forensic applications. Carbon nanodots based detection of food contaminants, heavy metal poisons, pesticides, illicit drugs and explosives are other forensic applications. Carbon nanodots are showing a future direction in development of on field testing kits for forensic evidences.
Mind the (spectral) gap: how the temporal resolution of wind data affects multi-decadal wind power forecasts
Authors: Effenberger Nina , Ludwig Nicole , White Rachel H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To forecast wind power generation in the scale of years to decades, outputs from climate models are often used. However, one major limitation of the data projected by these models is their coarse temporal resolution—usually not finer than three hours and sometimes as coarse as one month. Due to the non-linear relationship between wind speed and wind power, and the long forecast horizon considered, small changes in wind speed can result in big changes in projected wind power generation. Our study indicates that the distribution of observed 10 min wind speed data is relatively well preserved using three- or six-hourly instantaneous values. In contrast, daily or monthly values, as well as any averages, including three-hourly averages, are almost never capable of preserving the distribution of the underlying higher resolution data. Assuming that climate models behave in a similar manner to observations, our results indicate that output at three-hourly or six-hourly temporal resolution is high enough for multi-decadal wind power generation forecasting. In contrast, wind speed projections of lower temporal resolution, or averages over any time range, should be handled with care.
How to measure embodied intelligence?
Authors: Vihmar Marie , Valdur Kadri-Ann , Banerji Saoni , Must Indrek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Embodied intelligence (EI) summarizes design approaches that give robots efficient physical interaction with their surrounding environment. EI has, to date, found an extensive descriptive treatment yet lacks universal metrics. Could we quantify EI? What would be the EI analog to intelligence quotient (IQ) in humans? We first suggest an intelligent unit (intel-unit) as the smallest entity that displays program execution beyond simple stimuli-responsiveness. The emergence of EI by situatedness of encoded physical agents in an environment is explored in three case studies. First, an awn of a wild oat – a non-living structure in nature that satisfies all robot’s descriptions – is analyzed in terms of material-level intelligence. Next, a jocular quantitative scale found with a popular gadget – the ‘fortune teller fish’ – is given treatment in the EI context. Finally, the learned and summarized EI principles are tested on a well-known object with perceived intelligence yet lacking a consensual robotic description – a knitted woollen sweater. We confirm the necessity of treating environment interactions in expressions and definitions of EI, as situatedness is central in defining functionality. Universal metrics would identify non-intuitive representations of EI and lead from empirical to model-based design of unconventional robots. Robots that engage situatedness provide a physical interface to artificial intelligence, similar to our bodies communicating with our brains.
Mechanisms boosting material embodied intelligence to realize self-healing soft robots
Authors: Tabrizian Seyedreza Kashef , Terryn Seppe , Brancart Joost , Assche Guy Van , Vanderborght Bram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recent introduction of self-healing soft materials in robotics is a major step towards sustainable next generation robots. By manufacturing soft robots out of these smart materials, we integrate a self-healing ability and increase the physical intelligence of these systems. However, the embodied intelligence in the material level needs to be augmented by incorporating assistive mechanisms in the system level with minimized control, enabling healing of damage in different sizes and in diverse working conditions. These assistive mechanisms can provide damage detection, damage closure, healing stimuli providing, health monitoring, or a combination of the previous. In this paper, we present two different mechanisms for an autonomous healing of damages; (i) Embedding a healable heater in a self-healing soft actuator to increase the temperature required for an efficient healing, while it allows detecting the damage and monitoring the health of the system. (ii) Incorporating shape memory alloy wires in a self-heling soft bending actuator, with simultaneous sealing through contraction and heating abilities. Apart from assisting in the healing action, both mechanisms play a part in the actuation of the bending robots as strain limiting elements. These assistive mechanisms will overcome the limitation on the material level, leading to robots that can self-heal in applications outside of laboratories and factories.
Embodied Active Tactile Perception
Authors: He Liang , Maiolino Perla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tactile perception plays an important role in an agent safely interacting with the environment while acquiring information about it. Bio-inspired robotics opens up possibilities for a new paradigm leveraging the morphology of the body, which filters the tactile information in physical interactions and enables investigations of new designs for embodied active tactile perception. The subjects of morphology embodied active perception and motor embodied active perception is defined and discussed in this chapter. In the scope of morphology embodied active perception, sensor optimization and sensor adaptation are further defined to describe the change of sensor morphology in the design phase and the interacting phase, respectively. More specifically, the concept of online and offline sensor adjustment is presented. Sensor optimization is solely considered in the offline process for optimization and evolution design of the sensor structure and characteristics. Sensor adaptation and motor embodied active perception are considered in the online process to actively shape the sensing process with the morphology change of the sensors themselves and the action of the body where the sensors are placed, respectively. “Design as a whole” is proposed as an inverse problem to address the sensing tasks. The design of new tactile sensors should not focus on the sensor per se but should also include design parameters for sensor optimization, sensor adaptation, and motor actions.