bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La situation du personnel des universités
Authors: Gaudemet Yves 
Published: January 2024

La situación del personal universitario.
El autor analiza la situación del personal universitario en referencia a los recientes textos, y en particular a los decretos del 9 de agosto de 1.979 que contribuyen a la redefinición de varios aspectos de la situación administrativa del personal universitario (se trata, naturalmente del personal responsable de las actividades de enseñanza o de investigación, excluyendo lo demás del personal).
Después de indicar que el principio manifestada en los nuevos estatutos correspondía a una necesidad, el autor estima que el método adoptado no conviene por la inadecuación y el índole de reglementación seguido en vez de arreglaro por vía de ley que hubiera sido mucho más correcto en muchos respectos.
Presenta pues el contenido de los textos indicando que la reglementación actual se caracteriza por una parte por una tendencia de nivelación (diferencia entre varias categorías de personal, mas excluyendo diferencias entre disciplinas) que habrá de poner en duda, pero por otra parte se nota una preocupación de ajuste, de aclaración y de cohesión ante la cual hay que inclinarse.
L’Administration des universités en République Fédérale d’Allemagne
Authors: Siedentopf Heinrich 
Published: January 2024

University Management in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Various factors tend to progressively centralize university self-management with a growing encroachment by public administration upon German universities. Most factors have lasting effects and are irreversible. The scientific freedom granted under the constitution certainly affords an efficient protection of the autonomy of the body corporate representfed by universities. Yet this autonomy needs and has to be supported by an efficient, loyal, and reliable university management. Finally, the scientific autonomy should be recognized and conceived as an important field of research, advanced studies and clarification.
La réforme du statut des chercheurs du CNRS et de l’INSERM
Authors: Gain Nicole , De Kervasdoué Jean 
Published: January 2024

Status reform of research personnel.
After indicating the main concerns of the new regulations tending to increase the research staff's sensitivity towards the needs of the country, the authors show that conservation of some fondamental ingredients of the old research System, viz individualism and disciplinary rigidity, is going to repeat its drawbacks. In short, as long as the public authorities go on strengthening centralisai of decision-making to control the growth of the larger organizations, the reform movement in favour of the research System will have little effects.
Les réformes de l’administration locale en Belgique depuis 1960
Authors: Wuyts Herman 
Published: January 2024

Reform In Belgian Local Government Since 1960.
It is still not known whether in Belgium the municipal reform will lead to a new division of tasks between central and local authorities. Though there has been no lack of declarations of principle, it is nevertheless clear that there has been no real decentralization of powers in favor of the territorially enlarged communes.
L’efficacité des entreprises publiques en Italie
Authors: Massera Alberto 
Published: January 2024

Public enterprise performance in Italy.
Following an outline of the Italian experience in public enterprise, the author delineates the major legal features which have brought about the Italian “State-business-man”.
It is worth noting that the whole crop of nationalized or State-controlled corporations representing often a whole sector of activity is far from giving the whole picture of all the complexifies prevalent in Italy to-day in the field of public enterprise whose size and particular features, both in terms of quality and quantity, are most impressive for a non-socialist country.
La croissance urbaine de Buenos-Aires
Authors: Pastor José 
Published: January 2024

Urban growth of Buenos Aires.
Buenos Aires has adopted town development policies the main characteristics of which are : 1) stop population growth, attempting even to reduce number of inhabitants by promoting migration towards the province and the under-populated regions of the East of the country ; 2) restructuring of built-up areas through a severe regulation of building ; 3) catch up with the delays accumulated in terms of infrastructure for municipal public services. Simultaneously, a financial reshuffling is being implemented in order to up-date the System of taxation. This has already led to spectacular results to the effect that the executives are already contemplating the possibility of monitoring the uncontrollable.
Un ministère pour la Culture : l’expérience française
Authors: Gournay Bernard 
Published: January 2024

Un ministerio de cultura : la experiencia francesa.
Un ministerio de cultura : la experiencia francesa erigida desde hace más de veinte años en el departamiento ministerial independiente, la precedente Secretaría de Bellas Artes se ha vuelto después de varios tanteos en una administración de recursos relativamente importantes, permitiendo el desarrollo de una actividad cultural de ámbición nacional. Sin embargo, el órgano cultural del Estado parece de cierta fragilidad que se explica en parte por la novedad de la institución y un desequilibrio permanente entre lo que se propone realizar y los recursos disponibles, por estructuras pesadas y a veces anticuadas, por una centralización excesiva, por métodos de trabajo a menudo errados, compuestos por una sorprendiente mezcla de improvización y de perfeccionamiento, de precipitación y de pesadez. Estas insuficiencias han sido compensadas en gran parte por la calidad de los hombres que desde hace más de dos decadas conciben y elaboran a diferentes niveles del ministerio la acción cultural del Estado, realizando progresos importantes y a veces brillantes en la mayoría de los campos artísticos y culturales ; los resultados obtenidos se hallan en un nivel por lo menos comparable a los observables en otros países occidentales.
La planification des équipements médicaux : les lacunes actuelles de l’information médicalisée. Une analyse du cas de l’imagerie médicale en France
Authors: Fagnani Francis , Moatti Jean-Paul , Lefaure Christian 
Published: January 2024

Current information needs for the allocation of medical equipment (The case of medical image equipment in France).
There is an ever-closer relationship between the allocation of medical equipment, cost-cutting objectives and a policy of upholding quality health care. However, health services are very difficult to evaluate comprehensively and no serious observer would apply the very general indicators of national health available to such an end. General indicators have taken on a symbolic value that has a magnetic effect on health care professionals and the general public alike. This is especially true of statistics on hi-tech medical equipment. The 1970 Hospital Act extends «carte sanitaire» allocation procedures to such so-called ‘heavy-duty’ equipment. However, procedural inadequacies later arose while the information and evaluation tools at hand proved too modest for policymaking. Medical image equipment is an excellent example. This domaine has witnessed an impressive number of major and costly innovations over a short period : an examination of this period will yield a general statement about how allocation ought to be planned. Thus, this analysis and resulting recommendations remain somewhat general, at least insofar as they concern multipurpose diagnostic equipment, for which it seems impossible to define ‘needs’ objectively. Therapeutic equipment ‘need’ is obviously easier to define ; sector-by-sector policy can be set using relatively accurate epidemiological data. Any future attempt to improve allocation procedures would require the prior creation of a data bank on installed equipment and dispensed medical care. The article shows how the «region» is a convenient administrative unit for coping with equipment allocation and encouraging more concerted action between health care professional and government bodies.
Financement privé et réglementation : l’expérience du système de santé des États-Unis
Authors: Brecher Charles 
Published: January 2024

Private Financing and the regulation of health care : the United States experience.
The United States health care System is distinguished by a relatively large share of expenditures made in the private sector. However, despite some popular beliefs, this large role for private financing has not been associated with freedom from regulation. Private purchasers of care, including businesses and unions, are increasingly concerned with controlling costs. This has transformed the private health insurance industry from a System whose major purpose was to raise revenues for hospitals to one whose principal product is an ability to control medical care utilization by monitoring and regulating physicians behavior.
This change in the industry is related to four trends — the use of experience rating, the participation of private firms in government programs, the growth of self-insurance, and vertical integration of insurers and providers. In addition, the recent substantial increase in the supply of physicians has weakened the previously strong political and economic position of the medical profession and made doctors more vulnerable to competitive pressures.
Efficacité et démocratie administratives
Authors: Le Garrec Jean 
Published: January 2024

Efficiency and democracy.
Public administration should be modernized by a reform program whose objectives would be to render government more user-friendly and more cost-effective economically and socially. Information campaigns should expand ; formalities should be simplifled ; users’ rights, civil servant personal responsibility strengthened ; and advanced technology should be more available. economically and socially. Information campaigns should expand ; formalities should be simplifled ; users’ rights, civil servant personal responsibility strengthened ; and advanced technology should be more available.
Du fatalisme au volontarisme
Authors: Le Clainche Michel , Wiener Céline 
Published: January 2024

From Fatalism to Voluntarism.
Misadministration is always a topical subject among political leaders and citizens alike : fatalism will only reinforce the causes, e.g. public accounting procedures, overregulation, bureaucratie stonewalling, and distortions due to uncoordinated reform mechanisms. Suggested remedies often boil down to cosmetic reform or instant miracle cures, whereas a voluntaristic attitude would be based on a coherent strategy for change, action in concert with users, better civil servant training and more delegated responsibility that encompasses the diversity of services, technics and user needs as well as the human and political dimensions.
Les contrats d’agglomération
Authors: Le Moigne Guy 
Published: January 2024

Agglomeration Contracts.
The French Government has undertaken a number of measures designed to optimize the integration of alien permanent residents, among which, the Social Action Fund (‘FAS’) for immigrants and their families is pre-eminent. Nonetheless, the ‘agglomeration contracts’ between national and local government encourage the latter to undertake broad, complete integration programs, thus constituting a quantitative improvement towards social integration.
Immigration, racisme et politique
Authors: Hannoun Michel 
Published: January 2024

Immigration, Racism and Politics.
France has been importing manpower continually for over a century. Increasing intolerance seems more related to ethnic visibility rather than actual numbers and many difficulties in fact attest that integration is underway. Racism on biologic lines has shifted into the background : debate is now in terms of ethnic hierarchies and compatibility. Permanent settlements of foreign communities coincides with a crisis of national self-confidence, and of moral values, thereby weakening accommodation potential. Violent racism has yielded to the almost apathetic armehair racism of disaggregated society. National policy is urgently needed to accelerate immigrant integration through schools, to reconstruct national identity and to recompose a System of moral values.
Le personnel des collectivités locales en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Ridley Frederick F. 
Published: January 2024

Local Government Personnel in Great Britain.
Local Government Service, employing the majority of local government personnel, is very distinct from the Civil Service. LGS has far more staff, which the extent of its duties readily explains. Further, it employs substantial numbers of unskilled, and a wide spectrum of skilled labourers. However, the greatest difference is that of legal status. Local authorities are independent to hire on a contract basis. However, the Local Government Act, other legislation as well as general agreements with unions and professional bodies place certain restrictions on their independence. These agreements cover hiring policy, working conditions and remuneration. LGS is currently experiencing graduai staff cuts and becoming politicised.
Les formations à la gestion au sein de l’administration
Authors: Trosa Sylvie 
Published: January 2024

Management Training in the Civil Service.
The current drive towards the “professionalization” of civil servants is aimed at overcoming certain traditional cleavages (management training versus legal training), and at instituting a new system of training under which in-service training is made an integral and permanent feature of career development, adapted to each of its stages and the administrators’ level of experience, and in which the accent is on developing management skills and techniques.
Professionnalisme et formation dans les administrations publiques
Authors: Deligny Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2024

Professionalism and Training in the Public Services.
Training is an essential investment in an organization’s future. What is needed is a detailed in-service training scheme which forms part of a broader long-term training programme. The project for modernizing the services of the Ministry of Equipment is a good example. Particular emphasis is given to training officials in management. However, management training is limited to key departments like Telecommunications, Equipment, Finance, etc. Future policy should perhaps be designed to offer advanced management training courses to the main cadres of state officials.
L’accompagnement de projet : les grands chantiers d’aménagement du territoire
Authors: Guillot Michel , Carrez Jean-François 
Published: January 2024

Complementary Measures to the Project : Large-Scale Building Site within the Framework of the Country Planning Program
Created in 1975, the program of «construction sites within the framework of country planning» involved almost exclusively the construction sites within the nuclear field. Such a program, adjusted and improved upon with time, aims at promoting a better reception for transfered workers, the use of local manpower through professional training, and the economic development of the region where the construction work is located. The program resulted in such a spectacular success socially and economically that it should be widespread and, in the form of reception and integrated development programs which replaced it, they should become special instruments of local development.
La gestion du contentieux social
Authors: Waquet Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Managing Cases Involving Social Disputes.
The number of cases dealing with social disputes, involving labor or social security law, has increased considerably over the last years and is overcrowding the courts. Several measures have been implemented in order to reduce the length of these procedures without detriment to the quality of the judgements handed down. To a greater use of certain procedures (hearing before a single judge, reducing the number of judges) has been added an increase in record office staff and the number of magistrates attached to social divisions, specialized magistrates, magistrate training, and finally, efforts to coordinate lawyers and clerks.
La crise de l’institution judiciaire
Authors: Cochard Jean-Pierre , Henry-Meininger Marie-Christine 
Published: January 2024

Crisis in the Judicial Profession. Interview with Jean-Pierre Cochard.
The Cour de Cassation is facing increasing difficulties with the growing number of appeals which adversely affects the work of these judges. Judicial information processing, magistrates in the reference service, and selecting which appeals it will receive should make it possible to put an end to this situation. However, the basic problem, originating in the changes confronting our society, has not altered, and the legal system has not followed suit. The author, concerned by the development of derivative procedures such as arbitration, recommends opening the Cour de Cassation to employer-employee representatives, its modernization, as well as the rehabilitation of the role of the judge.
La gestion d’une réforme
Authors: Pinault Michel 
Published: January 2024

Administrative Jurisdiction Management.
For five years, the administrative jurisdiction has been involved in a thorough reform. Affecting all levels of jurisdictional organization and operation, this reform has been conducted from the inside, by those involved. Consolidating management in the hands in the Conseil d’État has made it more efficient and better adapted to the special features of the administrative jurisdiction. The success of this reform must be complemented by an active human resource management policy which emphasizes personnel training, in particular.
La Cour suprême des États-Unis
Authors: Tunc André 
Published: January 2024

The United States Supreme Court.
The highest judicial institution of a federated nation, the United States Supreme Court was designed as a political organ. The Court only examines those cases which enable it to fulfill its mission (to ensure the supremacy of federal law, to clarify this and to adapt it to the needs of today’s society). To this end, it carries out a very draconian selection from the cases referred to it. The decisions handed down are often accompanied by «concurring opinions» or «dissents » of great importance, in particular for legal development.
Le client, l’usager et le fonctionnaire : quelle politique de modernisation pour l’administration française ?
Authors: Rouban Luc 
Published: January 2024

The Client, the User and the Civil Servant -Modernization Policy and the French Model of Public Service.
The French public service underwent a deep transformation during the last decade, influenced by various factors : reduced purchasing power of the agents, increased politicization, break with the model of social advancement, ideological rapprochement with the private sector. The administrative modernization policy, which favors the administration’s role as a service provider to that of a producer of standards, has only brought about a partial and unsatisfactory response to this development. Above ail, it rephrases the question of the role played by public action in new terms, in particular the relation between the Government and society.
L’interventionnisme économique des collectivités territoriales
Authors: Nemery Jean-Claude 
Published: January 2024

Economic Intervention of Local Authorities.
The economic intervention of local authorities in Europe does not date from the creation of the EEC. It has been developing from the beginning of the century, despite the limitations imposed by the States in the name of free enterprise. Today, an extensive notion of intervention prevails. The local authorities of each European country use the same range of intervention procedures, albeit with variations with regard to the importance granted to particular processes, jurisdictional distribution between levels of local authority and the degree of openness surrounding these processes.
Les modes de gestion des grands services publics locaux
Authors: Luchaire Yves 
Published: January 2024

Local Public Services Management.
If the jurisdictions of territorial authorities vary according to country in the EEC, their modes of intervention fall into the same categories. Everywhere, direct management of local public services is losing ground to delegated management : granting concessions and resorting to municipal or private companies. Mixed economy firms are becoming increasingly frequent. Such diversification, resulting from an increase in tasks devolving on local authorities, derogates from administrative law but serves to homogenize solutions adopted by the different countries.
Les procédures financières spécifiques et leur adaptation au temps de crise
Authors: Paugam Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Defense Ministry Specific Financing Procedures and their Adaptation in a Crisis Period
The Ministry of Defense makes use of diverse procedures which derogate rules of public accounting in implementing its budget. These spécial procedures apply only to the armed forces and to military personnel, and concern only operating costs but cover 30 % of ail ministerial funds and 60 % of these operating costs as well. The author provides a discussion of four derogatory procedures to evaluate their adaptation in a crisis period.
Vingt ans de médiation à la française
Authors: Pelletier Jacques 
Published: January 2024

Twenty Years of French Mediation.
The Mediator of the French Republic, created in 1973, is based upon various models of the ombudsman principle, without being a mere transposition. This particularity of the French version has had an effect on its nomination procedures, as well as on its modes of referral and its functions. After twenty years, this institution, which backed nationwide by 111 territorial delegates, has succeeded in asserting itself within administration. Moreover, through its interventions in favour of equitable decisions and the reforms put forward, the Mediator has the means to have an important effect on modernizing the administration.
L’ombudsman polonais et la défense des droits civiques
Authors: Letowska Ewa 
Published: January 2024

The Polish Ombudsman and the Defense of Citizens’ Rights.
The creation of the Ombudsman in Poland in 1987 coincided with a sociopolitical and economie crisis and was seen to be a concession in favor of democratic reforms. This institution, which is closer to the Scandinavian model than the French one, has been granted broad powers. In addition to advocating the interests of the Polish citizen, the ‘defender of citizens’ rights’ participates in the establishment of the rule of law in Poland.
Tendances de l’administration de la culture en Europe occidentale
Authors: Wangermée Robert 
Published: January 2024

Trends of Cultural Administration in Western Europe.
In the last three decades, the ways and means of public intervention in cultural affairs have been multiplied and diversified following variable patterns in different countries. There has been an evolution in the levels of public intervention, which differ according to decentralization and federalism. There has also been an evolution of the means of intervention, because governments use new financing practices. Nowadays a new actor is emerging on the scene of cultural policy : the European Community.