bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteria levels in components prepared from deliberately inoculated whole blood held for 8 or 24 hours at 20 to 24 degrees C
Authors: Wagner S.J. , Robinette D. , Nazario M. , Moroff G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: An increase from 8 to 24 hours in the time that units of whole blood can be held at room temperature after phlebotomy would give blood centers more flexibility in component manufacturing and might allow receipt of many infectious disease test results prior to component preparation. However, the potential for bacterial growth during prolonged holding periods requires further study.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Phase I study, 2‐unit pools of ABO‐identical whole blood were deliberately inoculated on Day 0 with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas fluorescens. They were then divided in half and stored at 20 to 24 degrees C. Red cells (RBCs) with additive solution, platelet concentrates (PCs), and frozen plasma were prepared after 8 and 24 hours. Bacteria levels in PCs and RBCs were monitored on Day 1; bacteria levels were measured in plasma after thawing. In the Phase II study, the same basic design as in Phase I was used, except that 10 bacterial species were studied, lower inocula were used, and RBCs prepared after a 24‐hour room‐temperature whole‐blood hold were white cell‐reduced by filtration. Bacterial growth was monitored during 42‐ day storage of RBCs (1 – 6 degrees C) and 5‐day storage of PCs (20 – 24 degrees C) and after thawing of frozen plasma.RESULTS: For Phase I, significantly higher bacteria levels were observed in RBCs prepared after a prolonged hold (p < 0.05); higher levels were not observed in PCs and thawed plasma units. In Phase II, prior to white cell reduction by filtration, 8 of 10 organisms had significantly higher levels in RBCs prepared after a 24‐hour hold than in RBCs prepared after an 8‐ hour hold, when both were examined on Day 1 (p < 0.05). For seven of eight organisms examined on Days 1, 21, and 42, filtration (white cell reduction) reduced the bacteria in RBCs prepared from 24‐hour whole blood units to those levels found in unfiltered RBCs prepared from whole blood units held at 8 hours. A prolongation of the holding time from 8 to 24 hours resulted in significantly lower bacteria levels (p < 0.05) in PCs early in storage (Days 1, 1 – 2, or 1 – 3) for seven organisms, with no significant difference for two organisms, and a small but significant increase for one organism (Day 3, p < 0.05). There was no difference in bacteria or endotoxin levels in thawed units of plasma prepared from whole blood after 8‐ or 24‐hour holding times.CONCLUSION: The levels of bacteria present in components after deliberately inoculated whole blood units are held for 8 and 24 hours depended on the organisms tested, the whole‐blood holding period, and the blood component assayed; for RBCs, they also depended on whether WBC reduction by filtration was performed.
Comparison of hematopoietic progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood collected from neonatal infants who are small and appropriate for gestational age
Authors: Hiett A. K. , Britton K. A. , Hague N. L. , Brown H. L. , Stehman F. B. , Broxmeyer H. E. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Cord blood has been used for transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare numbers of hematopoietic progenitors in cord blood collected from neonatal infants who are small for their gestational age and those who are normal.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixteen pregnant women diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction were prospectively identified. Cord blood was collected at delivery. Fourteen cord blood samples were obtained from gestational age‐matched, appropriately grown newborns. In vitro assays for hematopoietic progenitors were performed and results of the two compared. Comparisons were also made with numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells previously found by this laboratory in samples collected with the possibility of use for transplantation.RESULTS: Gestational age, the women's pregnancy and delivery histories, maternal risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction, maternal age, delivery method, umbilical cord blood gases, and 5‐minute Apgar scores were similar in the two groups. Newborns who were small for their gestational age had significantly lower birth weights and longer stays in the neonatal intensive care unit with no evidence for viral infections in the immediate neonatal period. The mean number of progenitors per collection of cord blood in the small newborns was about half that per collection from appropriately grown newborns, but in most cases, these differences were not significant in the two groups, and many numbers in the small newborns fell within the range associated with successfully engrafting cord blood collections.CONCLUSION: Hematopoietic progenitor cells in the small newborns may be adequate for transplantation purposes in many cases. Their possible use in this context should, however, involve careful consideration of the numbers of progenitors collected as well as of possible viral or other contamination.
Simulated ABO and Rh blood typing
Authors: Anderson B.V. , Warden B.A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Blood typing historically has been used to introduce students to the concepts of immunohematology. Risk of disease transmission has compelled school districts to prohibit the use of human blood in student laboratories. A method is needed that will safely simulate ABO and Rh typing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A method that uses inorganic salt solutions to simulate ABO and Rh antigens and antibodies was studied. Additional salt solutions and diluents were tested to investigate the feasibility of simulating both ABO and Rh typing in a more realistic medium.RESULTS: Cobalt nitrate and sodium hydroxide were found to successfully simulate D and anti‐D, respectively. The addition of these solutions did not produce cross‐ reactions in ABO tests. Use of simulated blood as a diluent improved the appearance of the samples.CONCLUSION: This method can safely and inexpensively simulate ABO and Rh blood typing procedures and provide students with hands‐on blood‐typing experience.
Buffy coat platelets stored in apyrase, aprotinin, and ascorbic acid in a suspended bag: combined strategies for reducing platelet activation during storage
Authors: Mrowiec Z. R. , Oleksowicz L. , Zuckerman D. , de Leon‐Fernandez M. , Khorshidi M. , Dutcher J. P. , Puszkin E. G. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Platelet activation is an important factor impeding the clinical effectiveness of platelet transfusions. In this study, platelet concentrates (PCs) were prepared by a novel suspended‐bag buffy coat technique that was followed by the addition of a mixture of platelet activation inhibitors to the storage bag.Study Design and Methods: In vitro platelet function was evaluated in PCs prepared by the suspended‐bag buffy coat technique and stored at 22 degrees C for 5 days in the presence of (n = 12) or absence (n = 12) of apyrase, ascorbic acid, and aprotinin (AAA).Results: Platelets from AAA‐ incubated PCs demonstrated mean ATP levels 17 percent (p < 0.004), 13 percent (p < 0.02), and 22 percent (p < 0.003) higher than those measured in parallel control PCs on Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Similarly, on Days 3 and 5 of storage, respectively, 45‐percent (p < 0.001) and 50‐percent (p < 0.001) greater ADP‐induced maximum aggregation was observed in AAA‐incubated PCs than was seen in control preparations. AAA‐incubated PCs demonstrated alpha‐granule membrane protein‐140 expression 92 percent (p < 0.01), 133 percent (p < 0.003), and 104 percent (p < 0.001) below that in control PCs on Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively. At similar intervals, a significant increase in recovery from hypotonic shock also was observed in AAA‐incubated PCs. Further, Day 5 AAA‐PCs demonstrated significantly higher morphology scores and O2 consumption than did control preparations.Conclusion: Buffy coat platelets prepared in suspended bags and stored in the presence of AAA demonstrate significantly reduced activation and enhanced functional and metabolic activity.
Report on the Sixth International Society of Blood Transfusion Platelet Serology Workshop
Authors: Teramura G. , Slichter S. J. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The Sixth International Society of Blood Transfusion Platelet Serology Workshop continued studies to identify methods to detect platelet‐specific antigens and antibodies.Study Design and Methods: The study was designed to meet three goals. The first was the establishment of antigen‐typed platelet panels and determination of the correlation between serologic and DNA typing of platelet‐specific antigens. The second goal was the determination of the proficiency of detecting platelet‐specific antibodies by laboratory and by technique. The third goal was the identification of any platelet‐specific antibodies present in uncharacterized (unknown) antisera.Results: For platelet‐antigen typing, concordance between serologic testing and DNA techniques was 93 percent for oligonucleotide typing and 92 percent for allele‐specific restriction site analysis. Agreement between these two was 98 percent. Individual laboratories correctly identified the antibodies contained in coded sera 79 +/− 17 percent of the time. The expected results were obtained from the modified antigen‐capture enzyme‐ linked immunosorbent assay in 75 +/− 46 percent of instances, from the monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of platelet antigens assay in 72 +/− 24 percent of instances, from the mixed passive hemagglutination assay in 71 +/− 13 percent, from radioimmunoprecipitation procedures in 67 +/− 47 percent, and from Western blot 34 +/− 40 percent. Seven (54%) of 13 antisera of unknown specificity were determined to contain clearly identifiable platelet‐ specific alloantibodies.Conclusion: Concordant results were achieved by using either serologic or DNA techniques to identify platelet‐ specific antigens. Except for the significantly lower results found with Western blotting, all other platelet‐specific antibody assays were comparable. Established serologic laboratories can identify and characterize plate‐specific antibodies.
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of the use of a mechanical barrier system to reduce the risk of mistransfusion
Authors: AuBuchon J.P. , Littenberg B. 
Published: March 2003

Background: A blood component is transfused to a patient other than the intended recipient because of patient and sample identification problems once in about every 24,000 transfusions. An investigation was performed of the cost‐effectiveness of a barrier system to prevent mistransfusion of a unit of red cells through this kind of error.Study Design and Methods: A decision analysis model was constructed that took into account nonfatal and fatal events, costs of patient care, and legal costs. The model was used to determine the cost‐effectiveness of the barrier system in terms of cost per year of life saved and lives saved per million transfusions.Results: The barrier system is predicted to save 1.5 lives per million transfusions when used as intended. If the cost‐effectiveness calculations are based on an average damage award for a fatality of more than $725,000 and a chance of mistransfusion exceeding 1 in 16,700, use of the system results in reduced healthcare expenditures. If no legal costs are included in the cost‐effectiveness calculations, use of the system costs $197,000 per year of life saved. Routine use of the system extends patient life by 1 year per 60,000 units transfused.Conclusion: The application of a barrier system to prevent mistransfusion and related morbidity and mortality can be cost‐effective. If legal costs are included in the calculations, the use of a barrier system reduces total costs.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and genotype distribution in an Australian volunteer blood donor population
Authors: Mison L.M. , Young I.F. , O'Donoghue M. , Cowley N. , Thorlton N. , Hyland C.A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and RNA in first‐time blood donors and to examine the HCV genotype distribution.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A third‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen 34,725 donors for HCV antibodies. Donors who were repeatably reactive were tested in two immunoblot assays—a second‐generation and a third‐generation recombinant immunoblot assay—as well as by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. PCR‐positive donors were genotyped. All samples were screened for alanine aminotransferase levels.RESULTS: The ELISA repeat reactivity rate was 0.55 percent. PCR testing showed that 69 (38%) of the 183 ELISA‐reactive samples contained HCV RNA. The third‐generation recombinant immunoblot assay identified all 69 viremic samples as antibody positive; however, only 63 tested positive on the second‐generation immunoblot. The remaining six PCR‐positive donors tested antibody‐indeterminate to the core peptide. All six of these donors had HCV subtype 3a infections. Genotype distribution among 58 samples showed that 34 were type 1, of which 22 could be further subtyped as 1a (16) and 1b (6); 2 were 2a; 5 were 2b; and 17 were subtyped as 3a. Donors infected with 2b and 3a had reduced antibody reactivity to the NS4 and NS3 peptides only on the second‐generation immunoblot.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of confirmed anti‐HCV and viral RNA in new donors is 0.29 and 0.2 percent, respectively. The third‐generation recombinant immunoblot assay was more sensitive than the second‐generation immunoblot assay in detecting 2b and 3a HCV subtypes. The inclusion of the NS5 peptide in the third‐ generation recombinant immunoblot did not result in positive tests in any additional donors. Rather, the improvement was due to the increased detection of NS3 and, to a lesser extent, NS4 antibodies. Subtypes 1a and 3a were most prevalent in this population.
Improvement of platelet storage conditions by using new polyolefin containers
Authors: de Wildt‐Eggen J. , Schrijver J.G. , Bouter‐Valk H.J. , Fijnheer R. , Bins M. , van Prooijen H.C. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Storage of pooled platelet concentrates (PCs) with yields above 3.0 × 1011 platelets per unit in a 1‐L PL‐732 polyolefin container for 5 days often results in a drop in pH to below 6.0. Recently, new oxygen‐permeable platelet containers (1‐L PL‐2410, 1‐L and 1.5‐L Compoflex) have been developed. The maximal platelet storage capacities of the new containers and the PL‐732 were compared.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Large platelet pools (n = 27) with platelet concentrations between 1.2 and 1.4 × 1011 per L were made from 3 to 5 PCs prepared from buffy coats. The pools were divided in equal volumes among the PL‐732 and the three new platelet containers. Platelet counts in the PCs ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 × 1011 per unit. All PCs were stored on a flatbed shaker at 22 ± 2°C and evaluated on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 by measuring platelet count, pH, pO2, pCO2, HCO3‐, glucose, lactate, platelet swirling, and soluble p‐selectin.RESULTS: Day 7 storage of PCs (n = 6) with yields between 3.0 and 4.0 × 1011 platelets in PL‐732 showed mean ± SD pH values of 5.93 ± 0.05 and lactate values of 32.3 ± 7.9 mmol per L; in 4 of these 6 PCs, pH was below 6.0. In contrast, storage of these PCs in 1‐L PL‐2410 and 1.5‐L Compoflex containers and of 2 of these 6 PCs in 1‐L Compoflex containers showed pH values above 6.8. Lactate values were 15.5 ± 1.3, 15.3 ± 1.8, and 19.5 ± 4.7 mmol per L, respectively (p < 0.001 vs. PL‐732). The platelet storage capacity of the new containers with platelet yields between 4.0 and 5.0 × 1011 per unit (n = 6) was evaluated. Day 7 storage of these PCs in the 1.5‐L Compoflex showed an average pH value of 6.74 ± 0.20; in 2 of 6 PCs, pH was below 6.8. The average pH value in the PL‐2410 was 6.38 ± 0.31, and in all PCs, pH was below 6.8. Average lactate values were 17.8 ± 5.7 and 25.8 ± 5.6 mmol per L (p < 0.05), respectively. Soluble p‐selectin values on Day 7 of storage increased approximately twofold in all PCs.CONCLUSION: The new oxygen‐permeable containers showed platelet quality comparable to that with the PL‐732 and for longer storage periods and at higher platelet counts.
Efficacy of oral iron supplementation is not enhanced by additional intravenous iron during autologous blood donation
Authors: Kasper S.M. , Lazansky H. , Stark C. , Klimek M. , Laubinger R. , Borner U. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The study compared the efficacy of oral iron combined with intravenous iron supplementation to that of oral iron supplementation alone in increasing the preoperative production of hemoglobin (Hb) in autologous blood donors with normal iron stores.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:One hundred eight iron‐replete patients who were scheduled for donation of 3 units of autologous blood at weekly intervals were randomly assigned to receive, in a double‐blind fashion, no iron supplementation (placebo, Group 1), oral iron supplementation (285.6 mg of elemental iron/day, Group 2), or oral iron plus intravenous iron supplementation (285.6 mg of elemental iron/day orally plus 102.5 mg of elemental iron/week intravenously, Group 3). The amount of Hb produced during the 21‐day study period was determined by the total amount of Hb donated minus the change in the amount of circulating Hb between the first donation (Day 0) and the poststudy examination (Day 21).RESULTS:Hb production did not differ significantly in the two iron‐supplemented groups (oral iron, 85 +/− 36 g; oral plus intravenous iron, 74 +/− 43 g). The patients in the oral iron group produced a significantly greater amount of Hb than those in the placebo group (85 +/− 36 g vs. 52 +/− 41 g, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Oral iron supplementation increased the production of Hb in autologous blood donors more than placebo did. Additional intravenous iron did not lead to a further increase in preoperative Hb production.
White cell reduction during plateletpheresis: a comparison of three blood cell separators
Authors: Moog R. , Müller N. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: White cell (WBC)‐reduced single‐donor platelet concentrates (SDPs) can be collected by the newest generation of blood cell separators. Three WBC‐reduction techniques during plateletpheresis were investigated in the present study with respect to WBC content and platelet yield.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The Amicus device used the elutriation principle for WBC reduction, and separations with periodically alternating interface position (PAIP) were employed in the AS.TEC 204. WBC reduction by in‐line filtration was performed in the MCS+. Platelets were measured electronically and WBCs were determined manually (Nageotte chamber).RESULTS: In‐line filtered SDPs showed significantly lower WBC content (0.088 ± 0.178 × 106) than SDPs that were WBC reduced by elutriation (0.31 ± 0.48 × 106) or PAIP technique (0.89 ± 1.57 × 106, p = 0.0001). Platelet yield (5.0 ± 0.46 × 1011) was significantly higher in components obtained with the Amicus device (p = 0.0001). The AS.TEC 204 and MCS+ gave similar results for platelet yields: 3.15 ± 0.63 and 3.28 ± 0.71 × 1011, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The plateletpheresis systems studied allow the collection of WBC‐reduced SDPs. In‐line filtration resulted in the best WBC reduction. Some SDPs collected with the devices studied had a WBC content >1 × 106 per unit. Platelet yield was significantly higher in SDPs from the Amicus device.
FcγRIIIB polymorphism: evidence that NA1/NA2 and SH are located in two closely linked loci and that the SH allele is linked to the NA1 allele in the Danish population
Authors: Steffensen R. , Gülen T. , Varming K. , Jersild C. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The neutrophil‐specific antigens NA1, NA2, and SH are well‐recognized allotypic forms of FcγRIIIB. Individuals carrying all three FcγRIIIB genes were recently described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A Danish population (n = 200) was typed for NA1, NA2, and SH by polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP). Twelve individuals with three FcγRIIIB genes were further genotyped by PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism and by DNA sequencing. Family studies were performed on three individuals who carry three FcγRIIIB genes.RESULTS: The gene frequencies for NA1, NA2, and SH were 0.365, 0.635, and 0.030, respectively. In eight individuals (4%), all three FcγRIIIB genes were identified. All 12 SH+ individuals were NA1+.CONCLUSION: The NA1, NA2, and SH gene frequencies observed in Danes are similar to those in other white populations. The distribution of FcγRIIIB genotypes in the Danish population strongly indicates that the NA and the SH systems are located in two closely linked loci and that SH is closely linked to NA1. Finally, a new PCR‐SSP was developed to distinguish NA2 from SH.
The viability of autologous human red cells stored in additive solution 5 and exposed to 25°C for 24 hours
Authors: Reid T.J. , Babcock J.G. , Derse‐Anthony C.P. , Hill H.R. , Lippert L.E. , Hess J.R. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: No data exist on the viability of red cells (RBCs) storsed in modern additive solution systems and allowed to warm above 10°C.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a randomized crossover study, 3 units of blood were collected at least 8 weeks apart from 11 volunteer donors and stored in additive solution 5 (AS‐5). Of 3 units from each volunteer, 1 was stored for 6 weeks at 4°C, 1 for 5 weeks at 4°C except for 24 hours at 25°C on Day 14, and 1 for 5 weeks at 4°C except for 24 hours at 25°C on Day 28. Units were sampled periodically during storage; at the end of storage, viability was measured by the 99mTc/51Cr double‐label method.RESULTS: RBC viability was not significantly different in the storage protocols. Less than 1 percent of stored cells hemolyzed. RBC ATP concentrations at the end of storage correlated with viability and were approximately equal in the warmed units after 30 days' storage and the conventionally stored units after 42 days.CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that RBCs stored in AS‐5 and allowed to warm to 25°C for 24 hours lose about 12 days of their shelf life.