bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undoing discourses of deficit with EAL learners: The centrality of social relations in teachers' curriculum work
Authors: Alford Jennifer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTeachers of English as an Additional Language learners in high schools have long navigated the seemingly intransigent deficit thinking about their learners' capacity to engage fully with the intended or required curriculum. These learners are frequently constructed as the problem, as if the curriculum exists in a vacuum. This gives rise to the need to explore how deficit thinking about students, as core actors in the web of curriculum relations, may be challenged through the curriculum work of specialist English language teachers. In this paper, I use critical discourse analysis to explore how the pervasive deficit discourse can be differently construed through language use in two dimensions: power (social hierarchy or low‐high) and solidarity (social distance, close‐far). Three teachers were interviewed, and their lessons were observed to explore how social relations with diverse learners are rendered in the teachers' language. Findings show that by adopting a more nuanced stance towards their learners, many of whom are refugee‐background and have interrupted schooling, the teachers speak back to deficit views, offering alternative ways of positioning diverse learners in relation to required curriculum. Images of curriculum as transmission are disrupted, presenting it rather as complex entanglement with social relations.
Amphetamine‐type drug‐related fatalities in the context of 8 years of methamphetamine use measured by wastewater analysis in South Australia
Authors: Jaunay Emma L. , Simpson Bradley S. , White Jason M. , Gerber Cobus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMethamphetamine is the illicit stimulant of choice in Australia. Countless initiatives have been employed to reduce methamphetamine use and drug‐related harm. Wastewater analysis (WWA) has been used effectively as an objective measure of drug use at a population level and can be compared to indicators of harm, such as the number of drug‐related fatalities. This paper attempts to describe methamphetamine use in the context of changes in levels measured in wastewater in South Australia whilst recognising considerable interventions over an 8‐year period. Validated liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods were used to determine methamphetamine (and MDMA) levels in wastewater over an 8‐year interval. The number of drug‐induced deaths and driver fatalities involving methamphetamine (and MDMA) was presented and described in the context of changes in use measured by WWA. A rise in methamphetamine use according to WWA was evident up to 2017, followed by a gradual decrease to 2020 back to 2015 levels. Both driver fatalities and drug‐induced deaths correlated well with use measured by WWA over the 8‐year period. Multiple initiatives to curb supply, distribution and harm within the state and nationally have been implemented. The decrease in methamphetamine use after 2017 suggests that timely interventions have successfully reduced overall drug use and has led to fewer fatalities. This study shows that the response to increasing methamphetamine use in South Australia has resulted in a reversal of the upward trend in consumption and fewer drug‐related fatalities.
Structured and unstructured intraspecific propagule trait variation across environmental gradients in a widespread mangrove
Authors: Yang Jingjun , Wu Anchi , Li Jinhua , Wei Haihang , Qin Jie , Tian Hongdeng , Fan Donghan , Wu Weidai , Chen Shan , Tong Xin , Liu Xiu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIncreasing studies have shown the importance of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) on ecological processes. However, the patterns and sources of ITV are still unclear, especially in the propagules of coastal vegetation. Here, we measured six hypocotyl traits for 66 genealogies of Kandelia obovata from 26 sites and analyzed how ITV in these traits was distributed across geography and genealogy through variance partitioning. We further constructed mixed models and structural equation models to disentangle the effects of climatic, oceanic, and maternal factors on ITV. Results showed that size‐related traits decreased along increasing latitudinal gradients, which was mainly driven by positive regulation of temperature on these traits. By contrast, ITV of shape trait was unstructured along latitudinal gradients and did not show any dependence among environmental variables. These findings indicate that propagule size mainly varied between populations, whereas propagule shape mainly varied between individuals. Our study may provide useful insights into the ITV in propagule from different functional dimensions and on a broad scale, which may facilitate mangrove protection in light of ITV.
Antipredator responses of three Daphnia species within the D. longispina species complex to two invertebrate predators
Authors: Baludo Marjohn Yucada , Octorina Pelita , Beckerman Andrew , Straile Dietmar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrey communities in natural environments face a diverse array of predators with distinct hunting techniques. However, most studies have focused only on the interactions between a single prey species and one or more predators and typically only one of many induced defense traits, which limits our understanding of the broader effects of predators on prey communities. In this study, we conducted a common garden experiment using five clones each of three Daphnia species (D. cucullata, D. galeata, and D. longispina) from the D. longispina species complex to investigate the plasticity of predator‐induced defenses in response to two predators in a community ecology setting. Five clones from each species were subjected to predator kairomones from two closely related invertebrate predators that are common in several European lakes, Bythotrephes longimanus or Leptodora kindtii for a duration of 10 days, and the morphological traits of body size, head size, spina size, and the presence of spinules on the ventral and dorsal carapace margins were measured. We show that among the species within this species complex there are different antipredator reactions to the invertebrate predators. The induced responses exhibited were species, trait, and predator‐specific. Notably, D. galeata and D. cucullata developed distinctive helmets as defensive mechanisms, while microdefenses were induced in D. galeata and D. longispina, but not in D. cucullata. This demonstrates that the expression of micro‐ and macrodefenses across species was unrelated, highlighting the possible independent evolution of microstructures as defensive modules in Daphnia's antipredator strategies. This study is the first to document both micro‐ and macrodefensive phenotypic plasticity in three co‐occurring Daphnia species within the D. longispina species complex. The differences in inducible defenses may have a substantial impact on how these three species cohabit with Bythotrephes and Leptodora.
Perception of helper's autonomous motivation increases recipient's prosocial behaviour intentions via feelings of gratitude
Authors: Yang Ying , Li Wenqi , Sheldon Kennon M. , Kou Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFour studies investigated the impact of a recipient's perception of a helper's motivation (autonomous vs. controlled) on the recipient's subsequent prosocial intentions, alongside testing a mediational mechanism. Study 1 employed a questionnaire method to assess the relationships between participants’ lay theories of helper's prosocial motivations (i.e., the degree of autonomy), their dispositional gratitude and their prosocial tendencies. Studies 2–4 manipulated a helper's autonomous versus controlled motivation within hypothetical scenarios (Studies 2 and 3) and within recalled events (Study 4), testing the effect of the helper's motivation on the recipient's prosocial intentions towards the helper (Studies 2–4), a bystander (Study 3) and others in general (Study 4) as well as the mediating role of gratitude. The findings consistently demonstrated that perceiving helpers as having autonomous motivation led to heightened intentions among recipients to engage in prosocial behaviour, which was mediated by increased feelings of gratitude. These effects remained robust after controlling for relevant factors including participants’ demographic information, social desirability bias and perceptions of egoism within helpers. Our findings highlight the role of perceived helper's autonomous motivation on recipient's prosocial behaviours, which enhances the knowledge regarding reciprocity and pay‐it‐forward behaviour.
The role of parents in predicting gender‐stereotypic attitudes towards HEED occupations and gender‐stereotypic interest in these careers
Authors: van de Rozenberg Tessa M. , van der Pol Lotte D. , van Esveld Stefanie , Groeneveld Marleen G. , Kroes Antointette D. A. , Mesman Judi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examined adolescents’ gender‐stereotypic attitudes towards HEED (Health care, Early Education, Domestic) occupations and gender‐stereotypic interest in HEED careers and the role of parental gender‐stereotypic attitudes, role model behaviour and socialization values. We used questionnaire data from 501 White Dutch families. Our results showed that adolescents’ gender‐stereotypic attitudes towards HEED predicted their stereotypic interest in these careers. Further, parental gender‐stereotypic attitudes, stereotypical role model behaviour and socializing values of self‐expression predicted adolescents’ gender‐stereotypic attitudes towards HEED. From these parental characteristics, only a stereotypic division of household tasks predicted boys’ lower interest in HEED careers. In conclusion, reducing gender‐stereotypic attitudes and, for boys, encouraging self‐expression seems important in fostering more male representation in HEED occupations and deserves more attention from policymakers, educators and parents.
The separation of cyclic diadenosine diphosphorothioate and the diastereomers of its difluorinated derivative and the estimation of the binding constants and ionic mobilities of their complexes with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Štěpánová Sille , Břehová Petra , Kašička Václav 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of phosphorothioate linkages has recently been extensively employed in therapeutic oligonucleotides. For their separation and quality control, new high‐efficient and high‐sensitive analytical methods are needed. In this work, a new affinity capillary electrophoresis method has been developed and applied for the separation of a potential anticancer drug, 2′,3′‐cyclic diadenosine diphosphorothioate (Rp, Rp) (ADU‐S100), and three recently newly synthesized diastereomers of its difluorinated derivative, 3′,3′‐cyclic di(2′‐fluoro, 2′‐deoxyadenosine phosphorothioate). The separation was performed in the various background electrolytes (BGEs) within a pH range 5–9 using several native and derivatized cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral additives of the BGE. Relatively good separations were obtained with β‐, γ‐, and 2‐hydroxypropyl‐γ‐CDs in some of the BGEs tested. However, the best separation was achieved using the 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD chiral selector at 43.5 mM average concentration in the BGE composed of 40 mM Tris, 40 mM tricine, pH 8.1. Under these conditions, all the previous four cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) were baseline separated within 4 min. Additionally, the average apparent binding constants and the average actual ionic mobilities of the complexes of all four CDNs with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD in the above BGE were determined. The formed complexes were found to be relatively weak, with the average apparent binding constants in the range of 12.2–94.1 L mol−1 and with the actual ionic mobilities spanning the interval (−7.8 to −12.7) × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1. The developed method can be applied for the separation, analysis, and characterization of the above and similar CDNs.
Research on the seedling picking trajectory error of the gear train seedling picking mechanism considering tooth backlash
Authors: Du Fengjiao , Liu Jiangang , Qi Peng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe research investigated the tooth backlash influences the error in seedling picking trajectories of the gear train SPM. First, a sine function and the sum of random errors are taken into account is utilized to fit the tooth backlash of the firstly and secondary transmissions. Additionally, the analysis established the relationship between the fitting parameters and the tooth backlash of the firstly and secondary transmissions, in order to determine the appropriate fitting parameters. Next, the relationship between the tooth backlash of the firstly and secondary transmission in the seedling picking mechanism (SPM) and the x, y coordinates, as well as the velocity and acceleration of the seedling needle tip (SNT), is examined. This analysis is based on the error and movement variance of the coordinate and kinematic parameters of SNT. The results indicate that the tooth backlash of the firstly transmission has a more significant influence on the error of the seedling picking trajectory compared to the tooth backlash of the secondary transmission. When the tooth backlash of the noncircular gear in the firstly transmission reaches its maximum value of 0.24 mm, the x and y coordinates of the SNT can reach maximum values of 1 and 3.5 mm. The test of the jumping of the needle tip and idling trajectory description indicated that noncircular gears with larger tooth backlash exhibit higher positional jumping at the tip of the seedling needle.
Seasonal and taxa impact on edible sea cucumber's metabolome and in relation to its cytotoxicity as analyzed via UHPLC/HR‐MS/MS‐based molecular networking and chemometrics
Authors: Farag Mohamed A. , El‐Kammar Heba A. , Abdelghany Sabrin , El‐Akad Radwa H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSea cucumbers, belonging to class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates with substantial bioactive compounds. This study provides the first comparative metabolome profiling of Holothuria atra and Actinopyga crassa sea cucumbers in relation to their season of collection to dissect between winter and summer samples, providing several first‐time reported metabolites as well as the effect of metabolome variation on their cytotoxic activity against colon and prostate cancer cell lines. Ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry and global natural products social molecular networking followed by multivariate data analysis were employed for metabolite profiling and seasonal biomarker assignment for each species. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using in vitro assays against prostate and colon cancer cell lines. A total of 113 metabolites were annotated in both species, including 4 organic acids, 21 sulfoquinovosyl glycerol (sulfolipids), 5 alkyl sulfates, 13 sulfated/saponins, 8 sulfated/triterpene mono/di‐glycosides, 10 triterpenes, 13 sulfated/sterols, 32 phospholipids, 4 sphingolipids, and 3 glycerolipids, several of which are new or first‐time reported. Multivariate data analyses revealed lipid accumulation in summer samples versus triterpene and saponin enrichment in winter‐collected samples, particularly in H. atra, rationalizing its potent cytotoxic activity (IC50 6–12 µg/mL) as revealed using a regression model. However, winter‐collected samples of A. crassa are relatively the least abundant in antinutrient saponins, thus considered to have higher food value.
Protective effect of D‐Cys on renal function in mice with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Xiang Xiong , Tao Chunlin , Ren Jiaoyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMTT assay The chirality of amino acids affects their physiological functions. Recent studies uncovered potential physiological effects of D‐amino acids (D‐AAs) in nephropathy. Here, we explored the protective effects of exogenous D‐AAs on chronic kidney disease (CKD). First, by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐YI)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay it was found that among the four D‐AAs studied (D‐glutamate (D‐Glu), D‐aspartic acid (D‐Asp) being the highest content in fermented yogurt, and D‐alanine (D‐Ala), D‐cysteine (D‐Cys), amino acids with renal protective potential), D‐Cys most significantly enhanced the viability of hypoxia‐induced injured HK‐2 cells, even better than its L‐analog, L‐Cys. Mitochondrial function analyzed by JC‐1 assay showed that 10 and 100 mM D‐Cys can significantly reduce the green/red fluorescence intensity by 16.1% (p < .001) and 17.6% (p < .001), respectively, in injured HK‐2 cells. Next, the in vivo protective effect of D‐Cys on adenine‐induced CKD mice was studied. The results indicated that the administration of D‐Cys decreased the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels by at least 15.5% and 11.8%, respectively, and significantly protected renal function in the CKD mice. Further analysis found that the administration of D‐Cys induced increased water intake in CKD mice, which is beneficial for the clearance of 2,8‐dihydroxyadenine, thereby attenuating the destruction of renal tissue structure. Moreover, H2S produced from D‐Cys resisted oxidative stress and inhibited inflammation, thus slowing down the process of renal fibrosis. In summary, this study verified the protective effect of D‐Cys on renal function and tissue structure in CKD mice, and propounded a new field of application for the utilization of D‐AAs.
Applications of Raman spectroscopy in clinical medicine
Authors: Qi Yaping , Chen Esther Xinyi , Hu Dan , Yang Ying , Wu Zhenping , Zheng Ming , Sadi Mohammad A. , Jiang Yucheng , Zhang Kang , Chen Zi , Chen Yong P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a nondestructive and highly effective technique for analyzing biological tissues and diagnosing diseases by providing detailed spectral information about the specific molecular structures of substances. Its efficacy in these applications has been widely recognized, making it a powerful tool in the field. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in Raman spectroscopy and its wide‐ranging applications in the diagnosis of critical diseases, such as cancer, infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and predicting surgical outcomes. It highlights the significant contributions of Raman spectroscopy in these areas, shedding light on its potential as a valuable diagnostic tool. This article delves into the advancements of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical sciences, with a specific focus on state‐of‐the‐art techniques such as surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. These techniques have shown great potential in various applications within the field. The article explores their use in ex vivo and in vivo medical diagnosis, covering topics such as sample collection, data processing, and the successful establishment of correlations between Raman spectra and biochemical information in specific diseases. Furthermore, the article discusses the limitations of the current research and offers insights into potential future directions for further exploration in the field of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical sciences.
Aged oolong tea manages type 2 diabetes mellitus by inhibiting fat ectopic deposition and alleviating insulin resistance in db/db mice
Authors: Zeng Hongzhe , Wang Kuofei , Liu Changwei , Ouyang Jie , Wen Shuai , Zhou Fang , Tang Jingyi , Fang Wenwen , Yue Lin , Huang Jian'an , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn important concern for tea consumers is whether appropriate storage can effectively improve the ability of oolong tea to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, the antidiabetic effects of three aged oolong tea (2001, 2011, and 2020) extracts (aged TEs) in db/db T2DM mice were investigated and compared for the first time. The results showed that aged oolong tea extracts (aged TEs) alleviated the abnormal fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, insulin resistance, and reduced ectopic fat deposition in liver. Moreover, aged TEs alleviated T2DM‐related tissue damage and activated insulin receptor (INSR)/insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K)/phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK‐3β)/glycogen synthase (GYS)‐mediated hepatic glycogen synthesis signaling pathway. In addition, aged TEs altered gut microbiota composition and gut metabolite profiles associated with T2DM. Together, all three aged TEs (400 mg/kg/day in mice, a human equivalent dose of 7 g/60 kg/day), especially 2011, can effectively alleviate T2DM, and proper storage can effectively improve the ability of oolong tea to alleviate T2DM.
Role of hydrogen peroxide receptors in endocarp browning of postharvest longan fruit
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Shan Youxia , Li Ying , Zhang Jun , He Junxian , Qu Hongxia , Duan Xuewu , Jiang Yueming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLongan (Dimocarpus longan) is an important subtropical evergreen fruit tree (family Sapindaceae) in southern China and exhibits a high commercial and nutritional value. Endocarp browning of longan fruit once harvested considerably reduces the commercial value. The excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce the rapid endocarp browning of longan fruit during storage, but the ROS‐mediated mechanism remains relatively unclear. In this investigation, a hydrogen peroxide scavenger, 1,3‐dimethylthiourea (DMTU), was used to treat longan fruit to elucidate the physiological and molecular bases of the ROS‐mediated endocarp browning of longan fruit. Application of 5 mM DMTU significantly delayed endocarp browning, inhibited respiration rate, suppressed the accumulations of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and activated the antioxidant system of longan fruit during storage, such as 3.8 of the DMTU‐treated fruit versus 1.6 of non‐DMTU‐treated fruit of the browning index, 398 versus 346 μg kg−1 S−2 of the respiration rate, and 47.5 versus 37.8 nmol g−1 of the MDA content after 6 days of storage. Furthermore, the DMTU treatment significantly affected the expression levels of the H2O2 receptors and hydrogen peroxide‐induced Ca2+ increases (HPCA)‐LIKEs (HPCALs). Additionally, the regulatory network comprising transcription factors controlling the HPCAL expression in longan was constructed. The major transcription factors, including GATA1, GATA28, TCP20, and AGL20, may contribute to the ROS‐mediated endocarp browning of longan fruit during storage by regulating the HPCAL expression levels. This study could provide new insights into the involvement of the HPCALs in the ROS‐mediated endocarp browning of longan fruit during storage.
A finite element model for concentration polarization and osmotic effects in a membrane channel
Authors: Carro Nicolás , Mora David , Vellojin Jesus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we study a mathematical model that represents the concentration polarization and osmosis effects in a reverse osmosis cross‐flow channel with dense membranes at some of its boundaries. The fluid is modeled using the Navier–Stokes equations and the solution‐diffusion is used to impose the momentum balance on the membrane. The scheme consist of a conforming finite element method with the velocity–pressure formulation for the Navier–Stokes equations, together with a primal scheme for the convection–diffusion equations. The Nitsche's method is used to impose the permeability condition across the membrane. Several numerical experiments are performed to show the robustness of the method. The resulting model accurately replicates the analytical models and predicts similar results to previous works. It is found that the submerged configuration has the highest permeate production, but also has the greatest pressure loss of all three configurations studied.