bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence against a role of human airway trypsin-like protease – the human analogue of the growth-promoting rat adrenal secretory protease – in adrenal tumourigenesis
Authors: Hahner Stefanie , Fassnacht Martin , Hammer Fabian , Schammann Markus , Weismann Dirk , Hansen Immo Alex , Allolio Bruno 
Published: January 2005

Objective: A serine protease from rat adrenal cortex was recently characterized and named adrenal secretory protease (AsP). AsP is expressed in the adrenal cortex and is capable of cleaving pro-γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (1-76 N-terminus of pro-opiomelanocortin) into fragments that act as adrenal mitogens. AsP may therefore play a crucial role in adrenal growth and tumourigenesis. The aim of this study was to further characterize the human homologue of AsP and its possible role in adrenal tumourigenesis.Methods and results: Starting with the rat cDNA sequence of AsP we detected high homology to the catalytic C-terminus of the human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT). Further analysis revealed that the HAT gene is the human homologue of a long splice variant of AsP, which we recently described as rat airway trypsin-like serine protease 1. In contrast to rodents, no short isoform of HAT was found in humans due to a stop codon in exon 6 which prevents the expression of a short isoform. While high expression of HAT mRNA was found in the trachea and in the gastrointestinal tract, expression in the adrenal was only very weak. RT-PCR and real-time PCR analysis revealed a complex tissue expression pattern of HAT, indicating a role for this protease in multiple tissues. We further investigated HAT expression in five normal adrenal glands, 15 adrenocortical adenomas (five hormonally inactive adenomas, five aldosterone-producing adenomas and five cortisol-producing adenomas), nine adrenocortical carcinomas, five phaeochromocytomas and two adrenal hyperplasias. Weak HAT expression was detectable in only two out of five normal adrenal glands, in one out of twenty-four adrenocortical tumours and four out of five phaeochromocytomas. However, the expression in the adrenal tissue was several orders of magnitude lower than in the trachea. In addition, we could not detect any HAT transcripts in a sample of fetal adrenal.Conclusion: Gene structure and tissue distribution of HAT, the human homologue of the rat adrenal secretory protease AsP, reveal major interspecies differences. The observation of very low expression levels in normal adrenal tissue and adrenocortical tumours casts doubt about a role for HAT in the physiological and pathological growth of adrenocortical cells.
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition strategies in oncology
Authors: Harari P M 
Published: January 2005

Molecular targeting strategies for cancer therapy are distinct from conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy in their potential to provide increased tumor specificity. One particular molecular target of high promise in oncology is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The EGFR is overexpressed, dysregulated or mutated in many epithelial malignancies, and EGFR activation appears important in tumor growth and progression. Advances in signal transduction biology continue to sharpen our understanding regarding specific contributions of EGFR signaling networks to cancer behavior. Two predominant classes of EGFR inhibitors have been developed including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the extracellular domain of EGFR, such as cetuximab (Erbitux), and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the receptor catalytic domain of EGFR, such as gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva).
Mechanisms of action for EGFR inhibitors have been investigated in preclinical model systems. Safety, activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been assessed in clinical trials. The anti-EGFR mAbs and TKIs have partially overlapping toxicity profiles, but distinct routes of administration, serum half-lives and therefore dosing schedules. Both classes of agents show clear antitumor activity, and cetuximab and gefitinib have been recently FDA approved for colorectal and lung cancer indications respectively. However, the absence of survival benefit for EGFR TKIs in combination with chemotherapy in large-scale phase III lung cancer trials in 2003 underscores a major challenge in anti-EGFR oncology therapeutics; namely to identify those tumors and patients that will respond predictably to EGFR inhibitor approaches. Newly identified mutations in the EGFR catalytic domain that appear to confer sensitivity to EGFR TKIs promise to open new doors of investigation regarding response prediction. Advances will also require enhanced molecular understanding of the overall EGFR signaling network, and improved methods to gauge the dependence of individual tumors on EGFR signaling pathways for growth advantage. Results from newly reported phase III trials in 2004 now confirm a survival advantage for the use of EGFR inhibitors in combination with high-dose radiation in head and neck cancer, and in refractory lung cancer respectively. It appears likely that EGFR inhibitors (and other rationally designed molecular growth inhibitors) will play a meaningful role in cancer therapy in the years to come.
Weight gain associated with the −759C/T polymorphism of the 5HT2C receptor and olanzapine
Authors: Ellingrod Vicki L. , Perry Paul J. , Ringold John C. , Lund Brian C. , Bever‐Stille Kristy , Fleming Frank , Holman Timothy L. , Miller Del 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundWeight gain from atypical antipsychotic use has become a significant problem. Recent reports have liked the −759 polymorphism of the 5HT2C receptor and obesity as well as weight gain from chlorpromazine, risperidone, and clozapine.AimTo determine associations between weight gain during olanzapine treatment and the −759C/T polymorphism of the 5HT2C receptor gene.MethodsThis study included 42 acutely ill patients with schizophrenia (DSM‐IV). Weekly assessments included Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and weight measurements. Olanzapine was titrated to a fixed dose (7.5–20 mg/day) for 2–6 weeks. A 24 hr plasma level was obtained at the endpoint visit. Genomic DNA was isolated from a whole blood sample and analyzed for the −759C/T polymorphism of the 5HT2C receptor.ResultsA chi‐square analysis was conducted comparing the distribution of T and C alleles in subjects grouped as gaining more or less than 5, 7, and 10% of their baseline weight during treatment with olanzapine. A threshold of 10% was found to be significant. The distribution of T alleles was higher in subjects not gaining 10% of more of their body weight compared who did gain significant weight (11/27 (40.7%) vs. 0/15 (100%), χ2 = 11.805, P = 0.0035).ConclusionsSubjects with a T allele of the 5HT2C receptor −759C/T polymorphism may have a lower incidence of weight gain from olanzapine over a 6 week period compared to those with the C allele. These results need to be replicated. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal stability and energetics of 15‐mer DNA duplex interstrand crosslinked by trans‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
Authors: Hofr Ctirad , Brabec Viktor 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effect of the location of the interstrand cross‐link formed by trans‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (transplatin) on the thermal stability and energetics of 15‐mer DNA duplex has been investigated. The duplex containing single, site‐specific cross‐link, thermodynamically equivalent model structures (hairpins) and nonmodified duplexes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, temperature‐dependent uv absorption, and circular dichroism. The results demonstrate that the formation of the interstrand cross‐link of transplatin does not affect pronouncedly thermodynamic stability of DNA: the cross‐link induces no marked changes not only in enthalpy, but also in “reduced” (concentration independent) monomolecular transition entropy. These results are consistent with the previous observations that interstrand cross‐links of transplatin structurally perturb DNA only to a relatively small extent. On the other hand, constraining the duplex with the interstrand cross‐link of transplatin results in a significant increase in thermal stability that is primarily due to entropic effects: the cross‐link reduces the molecularity of the oligomer system from bimolecular to monomolecular. Importantly, the position of the interstrand cross‐link within the duplex modulates cooperativity of the melting transition of the duplex and consequently its thermal stability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2005
Wavelength selection with Tabu Search
Authors: Hageman J. A. , Streppel M. , Wehrens R. , Buydens L. M. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper introduces Tabu Search in analytical chemistry by applying it to wavelength selection. Tabu Search is a deterministic global optimization technique loosely based on concepts from artificial intelligence. Wavelength selection is a method which can be used for improving the quality of calibration models. Tabu Search uses basic, problem‐specific operators to explore a search space, and memory to keep track of parts already visited. Several implementational aspects of wavelength selection with Tabu Search will be discussed. Two ways of memorizing the search space are investigated: storing the actual solutions and storing the steps necessary to create them. Parameters associated with Tabu Search are configured with a Plackett–Burman design. In addition, two extension schemes for Tabu Search, intensification and diversification, have been implemented and are applied with good results. Eventually, two implementations of wavelength selection with Tabu Search are tested, one which searches for a solution with a constant number of wavelengths and one with a variable number of wavelengths. Both implementations are compared with results obtained by wavelength selection methods based on simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithms (GAs). It is demonstrated with three real‐world data sets that Tabu Search performs equally well as and can be a valuable alternative to SA and GAs. The improvements in predictive abilities increased by a factor of 20 for data set 1 and by a factor of 2 for data sets 2 and 3. In addition, when the number of wavelengths in a solution is variable, measurements on the coverage of the search space show that the coverage is usually higher for Tabu Search compared with SA and GAs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust PCR method for high‐dimensional regressors
Authors: Hubert Mia , Verboven Sabine 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe consider the multivariate calibration model which assumes that the concentrations of several constituents of a sample are linearly related to its spectrum. Principal component regression (PCR) is widely used for the estimation of the regression parameters in this model. In the classical approach it combines principal component analysis (PCA) on the regressors with least squares regression. However, both stages yield very unreliable results when the data set contains outlying observations. We present a robust PCR (RPCR) method which also consists of two parts. First we apply a robust PCA method for high‐dimensional data on the regressors, then we regress the response variables on the scores using a robust regression method. A robust RMSECV value and a robust R2 value are proposed as exploratory tools to select the number of principal components. The prediction error is also estimated in a robust way. Moreover, we introduce several diagnostic plots which are helpful to visualize and classify the outliers. The robustness of RPCR is demonstrated through simulations and the analysis of a real data set. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic modelling of acetic fermentation in an industrial process by genetic algorithms with a desirability function
Authors: Pizarro Consuelo , González‐Sáiz José M. , Garrido‐Vidal Diego 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe basic tool to simulate the evolution of a bioprocess, such as the industrial process of acetic fermentation, is the kinetic model. The model must be simple and have a high predictive ability to give results capable of explaining the real behaviour. The difficulties in the kinetic modelling of biological processes are mainly related to the description of the bacterial growth. In this paper a genetic algorithm is designed to obtain a set of kinetic parameters for the specific growth rate that enables the model to explain the industrial fermentation. Only acetic concentration data from industrial fermentators are required. A four‐factor desirability function works properly as the response to maximize. The model optimized can explain not only the behaviour of the industrial batch process studied, but also the experimental results obtained with a pilot fermentator working continuously with and without cell recycling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of combined mass‐ and volume‐transducing sensor arrays
Authors: Wise Barry M. , Gallagher Neal B. , Grate Jay W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn prior work it was shown that both mass‐ and volume‐transducing sensor arrays with polymer coatings can be modeled with a classical least squares (CLS)‐type formulation. Given a response vector, this method allows one to solve simultaneously for the vapor descriptors and concentration, even for previously unseen analytes. It has also been shown that inverse least squares (ILS) models can be used in this system to estimate vapor descriptors. A more challenging task is to extract vapor descriptors from sensor arrays which respond to both mass and volume changes simultaneously. This problem is important because surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, and probably other types of sensors such as flexural plate wave (FPW) sensors, respond via both mass and volume mechanisms. In this work we show how a closed‐form solution can be obtained to a slightly simplified mass‐and volume‐sensitive system. This solution can be further refined with direct optimization using the full modeling equations. Simulations are performed to evaluate the accuracy of the approximate and refined solutions. This is compared with the accuracy of the known descriptors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing batch reactions with in situ spectroscopic measurements, calorimetry and dynamic modeling
Authors: Ma Bei , Gemperline Paul J. , Cash Eric , Bosserman Mary , Comas Enric 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA method for fully characterizing consecutive batch reactions using self‐modeling curve resolution of in situ spectroscopic measurements and reaction energy profiles is reported. Simultaneous measurement of reaction temperature, reactor jacket temperature, reactor heater power and UV/visible spectra was made with a laboratory (50 ml capacity) batch reactor equipped with a UV/visible spectrometer and a fiber optic attenuated total reflectance (ATR) probe. Composition profiles and pure component spectra of reactants and products were estimated without the aid of reference measurements or standards from the in situ UV/visible spectra using non‐negative alternating least squares (ALS), a type of self‐modeling curve resolution (SMCR). Multiway SMCR analysis of consecutive batches permitted standardless comparisons of consecutive batches to determine which batch produced more or less product and which batch proceeded faster or slower. Dynamic modeling of batch energy profiles permitted mathematical resolution of the reaction dose heat and reaction heat. Kinetic fitting of the in situ reaction spectra was used to determine reaction rate constants. These three complementary approaches permitted simple and rapid characterization of the reaction's rate of reaction, energy balance and mass balance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical process monitoring: basics and beyond
Authors: Joe Qin S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper provides an overview and analysis of statistical process monitoring methods for fault detection, identification and reconstruction. Several fault detection indices in the literature are analyzed and unified. Fault reconstruction for both sensor and process faults is presented which extends the traditional missing value replacement method. Fault diagnosis methods that have appeared recently are reviewed. The reconstruction‐based approach and the contribution‐based approach are analyzed and compared with simulation and industrial examples. The complementary nature of the reconstruction‐ and contribution‐based approaches is highlighted. An industrial example of polyester film process monitoring is given to demonstrate the power of the contribution‐ and reconstruction‐based approaches in a hierarchical monitoring framework. Finally we demonstrate that the reconstruction‐based framework provides a convenient way for fault analysis, including fault detectability, reconstructability and identifiability conditions, resolving many theoretical issues in process monitoring. Additional topics are summarized at the end of the paper for future investigation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shifted factor analysis—Part II: Algorithms
Authors: Hong Sungjin , Harshman Richard A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe previously proposed a family of models that deal with the problem of factor position shift in sequential data. We conjectured that the added information provided by fitting the shifts would make the model parameters identifiable, even for two‐way data. We now derive methods of parameter estimation and give the results of experiments with synthetic data. The alternating least squares (ALS) approach is not fully suitable for estimation, because factor position shifts destroy the multilinearity of the latent structure. Therefore an alternative ‘quasi‐ALS’ approach is developed, some of its practical and theoretical properties are dealt with and several versions of the quasi‐ALS algorithm are described in detail. These procedures are quite computation‐intensive, but analysis of synthetic data demonstrates that the algorithms can recover shifting latent factor structure and, in the situations tested, are robust against high error levels. The results of these experiments also provide strong empirical support for our conjecture that the two‐way shifted factor model has unique solutions in at least some circumstances. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shifted factor analysis—Part III: N‐way generalization and application
Authors: Hong Sungjin , Harshman Richard A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe ‘quasi‐ALS’ algorithm for shifted factor estimation is generalized to three‐way and n‐way models. We consider the case in which mode A is the only shifted sequential mode, mode B determines shifts, and modes above B simply reweight the factors. The algorithm is studied using error‐free and fallible synthetic data. In addition, a four‐way chromatographic data set previously analyzed by Bro et al. (J. Chemometrics 1999; 13: 295–309) is reanalyzed and (two or) three out of four factors are recovered. The reason for the incomplete success may be factor shape changes combined with the lack of distinct shift patterns for two of the factors. The shifted factor model is compared with Parafac2 from both theoretical and practical points of view. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scatter plotting in multivariate data analysis
Authors: Geladi Paul , Manley Marena , Lestander Torbjörn 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn data analysis, many situations arise where plotting and visualization are helpful or an absolute requirement for understanding. There are many techniques of plotting data/parameters/residuals. These have to be understood and visualization has to be made clearly and interpreted correctly. In this paper the classical favourites in chemometrics, scatter plots, are looked into more deeply and some criticism based on recent literature references is formulated for situations of principal component analysis, PARAFAC three‐way analysis and regression by partial least squares. Biplots are also afforded some attention. Examples from near‐infrared spectroscopy are given as illustrations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limits of detection in linear regression with errors in the concentration
Authors: del Río Bocio F. Javier , Riu Jordi , Boqué Ricard , Rius F. Xavier 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses a method for calculating the limit of detection in analytical methods in which the calibration stage takes into account the errors in both concentrations and instrumental responses. The proposed method considers the heteroscedastic individual errors on both axes, i.e. it uses the bivariate least squares (BLS) regression method. The expressions were applied to X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) determinations to calculate the limits of detection of nine elements in solid rocks and three anions in water respectively. The limits of detection with these expressions have been compared with those obtained with ordinary least squares (OLS) and weighted least squares (WLS). The results show that the limits of detection when the BLS procedure is used are smaller than when the other techniques are used. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fiberoptic ductoscopy findings in women with and without spontaneous nipple discharge
Authors: Sauter Edward R. , Ehya Hormoz , Klein‐Szanto Andres J. P. , Wagner‐Mann Colette , MacGibbon Brenda 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDFiberoptic ductoscopy (FD), which allows direct visualization of the breast ductal lumen, is performed in women with and without spontaneous nipple discharge (SND). Previous reports suggested that cytologic evaluation of SND may be falsely interpreted as containing malignancy. The purpose of the current study, which was performed prospectively, was to determine whether ductoscopic findings were different in women with versus without SND, and to assess the implications of the differences in SND versus non‐SND samples regarding the role of FD in assessing whether a woman has breast carcinoma.METHODSData were collected on the distance traveled by the ductoscope, visual observations, pathology, cytology, epithelial and foam cell quantity, and image analysis for ploidy, hypertetraploidy, and S‐phase fraction.RESULTSOf 100 FD specimens, 60 were from breasts without SND and 40 were from breasts with SND. Intraductal visual observations (P ≤ 0.0002), pathologic findings in the resected specimen (P ≤ 0.001), and quantity of epithelial cells (P = 0.03) were influenced by the presence or absence of SND. Although one specimen from a benign breast was interpreted as cytologically malignant, every breast with both malignant cytology and aneuploidy contained cancer cells. A model incorporating cytology and SND was 92% sensitive and 60% specific in predicting which women had breast carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSThere were pronounced differences in FD samples from women with and without SND. FD biologic parameters can be chosen to optimize breast carcinoma predictive sensitivity and specificity. SND cytology can present a diagnostic problem, suggesting the need for histologic confirmation before the initiation of therapy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.