bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and Cancer in Britain, 1860–1910
Authors: Moscucci Ornella 
Published: July 2005

Historical work on cancer has suggested that a range of political, social, and medical concerns stimulated the emergence of cancer as a public health problem in the early 20th century. I argue that anxiety about cervical cancer mortality was instrumental in establishing cancer as a major focus of concern for the British public health service. This development was closely bound to assumptions about the association of gender with cancer, the redefinition of cancer as a surgical problem, the politics of empire, and the climate of public and medical disquiet about gynecological surgery engendered by feminist and antivivisectionist critiques of medical science.
Socioeconomic Position and Self-Rated Health: The Contribution of Childhood Socioeconomic Circumstances, Adult Socioeconomic Status, and Material Resources
Authors: Laaksonen Mikko , Rahkonen Ossi , Martikainen Pekka , Lahelma Eero 
Published: July 2005

Objectives. We examined socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health by analyzing indicators of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, adult socioeconomic position, and current material resources. Methods. We collected data on middle-aged adults employed by the City of Helsinki (n=8970; 67% response rate). Associations between 7 socioeconomic indicators and health self-ratings of less than “good” were examined with sequential logistic regression models. Results. After adjustment for age, each socioeconomic indicator was inversely associated with self-rated health. Childhood economic difficulties, but not parental education, were associated with health independently of all other socioeconomic indicators. The associations of respondents’ own education and occupational class with health remained when adjusted for other socioeconomic indicators. Home ownership and economic difficulties, but not household income, were the material indicators associated with health after full adjustment. Conclusions. Own education and occupational class showed consistent associations with health, but the association with income disappeared after adjustment for other socioeconomic indicators. The effect of parental education on health was mediated by the respondent’s own education. Both childhood and adulthood economic difficulties showed clear associations with health and with conventional socioeconomic indicators.
Residue Level and Manure Application Timing Effects on Runoff and Sediment Losses
Authors: Grande Joseph D. , Karthikeyan K. G. , Miller Paul S. , Powell J. Mark 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThere is growing interest in evaluating the effects of corn silage harvesting methods on erosion control. Increasing the silage cutting height will increase residue cover and could conceivably minimize off‐site migration of sediments compared with conventional silage harvesting. The effects of residue level and manure application timing on runoff and sediment losses from no‐till corn were examined. Treatments included conventional corn grain (G) and silage (SL) and nonconventional, high‐cut (60–65 cm) silage (SH). Corn harvesting treatments were subjected to different manure application regimes: no manure (N) or surface application in fall (F) or spring (S). Simulated rainfall (76 mm/h; 1 h) was applied in spring and fall for two years (2002–2003), runoff from 2.0‐ × 1.5‐m plots collected, and a subsample analyzed for sediment concentration and aggregate size distribution. Runoff volume was inversely related to residue cover. Manure addition to silage plots reduced spring runoff by 71 to 88%, attributable to an increase in soil organic matter content, compared with SH–N and SL–N. Differences in sediment concentration between SH and SL were not significant. For silage plots, spring‐applied manure had the greatest influence on sediment export reducing it by 84 to 93% in spring runoff compared with corresponding N plots. Sediment loads were also 85 to 97% lower from SH–S compared with SL–N in all four seasons. Except for spring 2003, sediment export was lower from G compared with SL. The combination of manure and higher residue associated with high‐cut silage often lowered sediment export compared with low‐cut silage. Nearly identical aggregate size distributions were observed in sediments from SH and SL plots. High residue levels combined with spring‐applied manure led to enrichment in the clay‐sized fraction of runoff sediment. Recently applied manure and higher residue levels achieved by high‐cutting silage can substantially lower sediment losses in spring runoff when soil is most susceptible to erosion.
Enhanced Radionuclide Immobilization and Flow Path Modifications by Dissolution and Secondary Precipitates
Authors: Um Wooyong , Serne R. Jeffrey , Yabusaki Steven B. , Owen Antoinette T. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTCaustic radioactive wastes that have leaked at Hanford Site (Richland, WA) induce mineral dissolution and subsequent secondary precipitation that influence the fate and transport of contaminants present in the waste solutions. The effects of secondary mineral precipitates, formed after contacting solids with simulated caustic wastes, on the flow path changes and radionuclide immobilization were investigated by reacting quartz, a mixture of quartz and biotite, and a Hanford sediment (Warden soil: coarse‐silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Xeric Haplocambids) with simulated caustic tank waste solution. Continuous Si dissolution and concomitant secondary mineral precipitation were the principal reactions observed in both batch and flow‐through tests. Nitrate–cancrinite was the dominant secondary precipitate on mineral surfaces after 3‐ to 10‐d reaction times in batch experiments. X‐ray microtomography images of a reacted quartz column revealed that secondary precipitates cemented quartz grains together and modified pore geometry in the center of the column. Along the circumference of the packed column, however, quartz dissolution continuously occurred, suggesting that wastes that leaked from buried tanks in the past likely did not migrate vertically as modeled in risk assessments but rather the pathways likely changed to be dominantly horizontal on precipitation of secondary precipitate phases in the Hanford vadose zone. Based on batch equilibrium sorption results on the reacted sediments, the dominant secondary precipitates (cancrinites) on the mineral surfaces enhanced the sorption capacity of typical Hanford sediment for radionuclides 129I(−I), 79Se(VI), 99Tc(VII), and 90Sr(II), all of which are of major concern at the Hanford Site.
A Mobile Instant Messaging–Delivered Psychoeducational Intervention for Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Cheng Qinqin , Ng Marques Shek Nam , Choi Kai Chow , Chen Yongyi , Liu Gaoming , So Winnie Kwok Wei 
Published: February 2024

ImportancePsychoeducational interventions (PEIs), which provide both information and emotional and psychosocial support, may address the unmet needs of the caregivers of adolescent and young adult patients with cancer.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of an instant messaging–delivered PEI on anxiety, depression, quality of life (QOL), and coping and determine whether the intervention reduces caregivers’ unmet needs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial using an intention-to-treat protocol was conducted from April 1 to September 14, 2022, in a tertiary cancer hospital in China and included caregivers of patients diagnosed with cancer at age 15 to 39 years recruited using convenience sampling.InterventionCaregivers were allocated 1:1 using a randomized block scheme to the intervention or control group. The intervention group received a 5-week PEI and usual care, whereas the control group received only usual care. The PEI was delivered through articles and calls through an instant messaging application.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were changes in the levels of caregivers’ anxiety and depression, measured using the 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, respectively. The secondary outcomes were changes in the levels of caregivers’ QOL, coping, and unmet needs.ResultsOf the 160 participants, 92 (57.5%) were male; mean (SD) age was 40.27 (8.33) years. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significantly greater reduction in severity of anxiety (B = −3.231; 95% CI, −4.746 to −1.716; P &amp;lt; .001) and depression (B = −3.253; 95% CI, −5.052 to −1.454; P &amp;lt; .001), smaller reduction in QOL (B = 13.574; 95% CI, 0.488-26.661; P = .04), and greater reduction in unmet needs (B = −12.136; 95% CI, −18.307 to −5.965; P &amp;lt; .001) after the intervention. Twelve weeks after baseline, the intervention group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction only in severity of anxiety (B = −1.890; 95% CI, −3.382 to −0.397; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial of a mobile instant messaging–delivered PEI, caregivers’ unmet needs, anxiety, and depression decreased significantly and QOL declined at a significantly slower rate immediately after the intervention in the intervention group compared with the control group. A sustained effect on anxiety was observed 12 weeks after baseline.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2200055951
Charge Transport Advancement in Anti‐Ambipolar Transistors: Spatially Separating Layer Sandwiched between N‐Type Metal Oxides and P‐Type Small Molecules
Authors: Han Youngmin , Lee Subin , Kim Minseo , Shin Wonjun , Lee Ho kyung , Koo Ryun‐Han , Lee Sung‐Tae , Kim Chang‐Hyun , Yoo Hocheon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterface issues with organic semiconductors on metal oxide challenge realizing a high‐performance anti‐ambipolar transistor (AAT) with stable operation. The motivation behind this research delves into the intricate landscape of AATs, elucidating their envisioned applications and constituent materials. Central to the authors, discourse is the pivotal role that fluoropolymers assume, acting as a bridge uniting n‐type metal oxide semiconductors (n‐oxide) with p‐type organic semiconductors (p‐organic), thereby unveiling a hitherto concealed facet of transistor advancement. Adopting a spatially separating layer (SSL) between p‐ and n‐type semiconductors of AAT is unconventional, but this p‐organic/SSL/n‐oxide junction (pSn) AAT exhibits stable operation also 215 days after fabrication and minimal hysteresis, which is 13.67 times smaller than a conventional p‐organic/n‐oxide junction (pn) AAT. The effect of SSL is closely studied through comparisons of the performance of single‐type transistors, trap density, and carrier behavior, which define the order of 1/f at low‐frequency noise analysis. In addition, the contribution of SSL is confirmed via the channel formation mechanism of AAT investigated through a two‐dimensional (2D) finite‐element simulation. The operation stability of pSn AAT is evaluated through combined stress tests, long‐term stability tests, and transient response tests. This research proposes SSL as a new design parameter to improve the AAT.
A Rolled Organic Thermoelectric Generator with High Thermocouple Density
Authors: Pataki Nathan James , Zahabi Najmeh , Li Qifan , Rossi Pietro , Cassinelli Marco , Butti Matteo , Massetti Matteo , Fabiano Simone , Zozoulenko Igor , Caironi Mario 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe surge in the number of distributed microelectronics and sensors requires versatile, scalable, and affordable power sources. Heat‐harvesting organic thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are regarded as potential key components of the future energy landscape. Recent advances in the performance of organic thermoelectric materials have made practical applications of organic TEGs more feasible than ever before, yet the challenges of designing and fabricating organic TEGs suitable for real scenarios are scarcely addressed. Specifically, small sensors and wearables demand for micro‐thermoelectric generators (µTEGs) with high power density architectures and small form factors, while typical demonstrations of organic TEGs are characterized by < 10 thermocouples (TCs) per cm2. This work presents a rolled, organic µTEG architecture combining large‐area, solution‐based deposition techniques, such as inkjet and spray‐coating, and an ultrathin parylene substrate to achieve a thermocouple density of 1842 TCs cm−2. Such demonstrative µTEG reaches a thermoelectric conversion performance of 0.15 µW cm−2 at ΔT = 50 K. Such power output is well in line with finite element method simulations, which highlight the benefit of the architecture and show that remarkable power densities, in the mW cm−2 range at ΔT = 10 K, are realistically achievable with geometrical improvements and already ongoing advancements in organic thermoelectric inks.
Nonlinear Dielectric Epsilon Near‐Zero Hybrid Nanogap Antennas
Authors: Tirole Romain , Tilmann Benjamin , Menezes Leonardo de S. , Vezzoli Stefano , Sapienza Riccardo , Maier Stefan A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh‐index Mie‐resonant dielectric nanostructures provide a new framework to manipulate light at the nanoscale. In particular their local field confinement together with their inherently low losses at frequencies below their bandgap energy allows to efficiently boost and control linear and nonlinear optical processes. Here, nanoantennas composed of a thin indium‐tin oxide (ITO) layer in the center of a dielectric gallium phosphide (GaP) nanodisc are investigated. While the linear response is similar to that of a pure GaP nanodisc, it is shown that second harmonic generation is enhanced across a broadband wavelength range. On the other hand, third harmonic generation is only marginally enhanced around the epsilon‐near‐zero wavelength of ITO. Linear and nonlinear finite‐difference time‐domain simulations show that despite the high refractive index contrast leading to strong field confinement inside the antenna's ITO layer, the nanogap enhancement effect is mitigated by the low nonlinear volume of the nanogap layer and the antenna's behavior at the harmonic wavelength. Measurement of ITO and GaP nonlinear susceptibilities additionally show a comparative advantage for harmonic generation in GaP. These investigations deliver insights on the mechanisms at play in nonlinear nanogap antennas and their potential applications as nanoscale devices.
Application of Sulfoxonium Ylides or Iodonium Ylides in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenanthrenes
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhou Bingxin , Yan Kelu , Wen Jiangwei , Li Qiuyun , Wang Xutong , Wang Xiu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe transmetalation triggered rhodium‐catalyzed C−H bond activation and tandem annulation of 2‐biphenylboronic acids with sulfoxonium ylides or iodonium ylides has been developed. Various products of phenanthrenes were constructed under redox‐neutral conditions in 34–86% yields. Several mechanism exploration experiments and derivatization reactions were conducted in sequence to gain a deeper understanding of the process and the potential of this transformation. It offers an alternative approach for the synthesis of phenanthrene derivatives.
Light‐Up Sensing Citrate Using a Capture‐Selected DNA Aptamer
Authors: Gu Lide , Zhang Yao , Wang Deli , Liu Juewen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCitrate is a key metabolite and nutrient in humans. Its level is associated with many diseases from tumor growth to bone diseases. Detection of citrate has relied on its high negative charge, metal chelating properties and as an enzyme substrate. In this work, the capture‐selection method is used to isolate DNA aptamers for citrate. After 18 rounds of selection, a highly converged library is obtained and the first two sequences reached 99.6% of the library. Using the most abundant sequence named CA1, thioflavin T fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry show dissociation constants of 7.4 and 4.4 µm citrate, respectively. CA1 does not require sodium for binding but requires 1.0 mm magnesium. Among the tested carboxylate molecules, only citrate can bind to the aptamer. A light‐up fluorescence strand displacement biosensor is developed and it can detect citrate in simulated urine with a detection limit of 1.1 µm. This short 42‐nucleotide aptamer can be readily adapted to other types of sensing mechanisms for the detection of citrate.
Temporal Bistability in the Dissipative Dicke‐Bose‐Hubbard System
Authors: Wu Tianyi , Ray Sayak , Kroha Johann 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA driven‐dissipative system is considered, consisting of an atomic Bose‐Einstein condensates loaded into a 2D Hubbard lattice and coupled to a single mode of an optical cavity. Due to the interplay between strong, repulsive atomic interaction and the atom‐cavity coupling, the system exhibits several phases of atoms and photons including the atomic superfluid (SF) and supersolid (SS). The dynamical behavior of the system, where dissipation is included by means of Lindblad master equation formalism. Due to the discontinuous nature of the Dicke transition for strong atomic repulsion, extended co‐existence region of different phases are found. The resulting switching dynamics are investigated, particularly between the coexisting SF and SS phases, which eventually becomes damped by the dissipation.
Classroom social networks, students' peer‐related social experiences and sense of belonging: The specific case of students with SEN
Authors: Freire Sofia , Roçadas Cláudia , Pipa Joana , Aguiar Cecília 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne main argument for inclusion refers to the social benefits that students with SEN might have from being in contact with typically developing classmates. Students' sense of belonging to the classroom is also a relevant dimension of inclusion, given its importance for positive emotional and social development and academic motivation. Yet, studies specifically focused on students with SEN show mixed results regarding their sense of belonging. While some studies have highlighted the effect of classroom social networks on peer‐related social experiences, to our knowledge no study has examined its effect on the sense of belonging. Thus, the goal of the current study is to examine the associations between the structure of classroom social networks, peer‐related social experiences in the classroom and the sense of belonging of students with and without SEN. The participants were 914 students (56% boys, 10% SEN, average age 12.68) attending Portuguese schools. Contrary to what was expected, although students with SEN were, on average, more rejected and less accepted by the peer group than students without SEN, they did not differ in their levels of sense of belonging. In addition, the structure of classroom social networks was associated with students' belonging in unexpected ways. Results point to the importance of creating social conditions in the classroom to facilitate positive peer interactions and relationships, and the need for teachers to pay attention to the social structure of the classroom in order to create a positive atmosphere where all students feel accepted, respected, valued and a part of the classroom.
The long‐term consequences of early school absences for educational attainment and labour market outcomes
Authors: Dräger Jascha , Klein Markus , Sosu Edward 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSchool absences can negatively impact a child's schooling, including the loss of teacher‐led lessons, peer interactions, and, ultimately, academic achievement. However, little is known about the long‐term consequences of school absences for overall educational attainment and labour market outcomes. In this paper, we used data from the 1970 British Cohort Study to examine long‐term associations between school absences in late childhood and individuals’ educational attainment, social class, unemployment and earnings at age 42 while adjusting for a comprehensive set of confounders. Our findings show that school absences are associated with lower educational attainment but are not associated with social class destination except for increasing the likelihood of being out of the labour force after adjusting for confounders. Individuals who missed five days of school at age 10 were 5.2% more likely to have obtained no qualifications and 4.1% more likely to be out of the labour force. However, we did not find a significant association between school absences and individuals’ earnings or duration of unemployment. Our findings suggest that the detrimental consequences of school absences persist beyond schooling into adulthood. Overall, this study highlights the importance of addressing school absenteeism to promote educational and labour market participation over the life course.
Vesicovaginal and vesicorectal fistula in a patient with systemic sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Quteineh Mohammad , Obeid Sajedah N. , Al‐Shami Khayry , Hanifa Hamdah 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case highlights the need for further research to explore a potential link between systemic sclerosis and fistula development, and the importance of raising awareness among clinicians about this possibility for timely appropriate management.AbstractThe primary diagnosis in this case is systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) in a 47‐year‐old female patient with various clinical manifestations, including vesicovaginal and vesicorectal fistulas. The medical interventions and diagnostic workup involved an electrocardiogram, cardiac echocardiogram, pulmonary function tests, beta blockers, aspirin, inhaled corticosteroids, albuterol, endoscopy, biopsy, treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection, fluconazole for candida esophagitis, endoscopic dilation for achalasia, anticholinergic therapy for mixed urinary incontinence, gabapentin for neuropathic symptoms, analgesia for knee pain, and psychiatric treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The outcomes described in the case report include the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis, the identification of vesicovaginal and vesicorectal fistulas, the patient's medical history and symptoms over the years, and various treatments and management strategies.
Current Advances in the Enzyme Engineering of O2‐Dependent Enzymes – Boosting the Versatility and Applicability of Oxygenases and Oxidases
Authors: Al‐Shameri Ammar , Schmermund Luca , Sieber Volker 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOxidation reactions catalysed by O2‐dependent enzymes are gaining increasing interest in the chemical industry due to their potential to provide a more selective and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical oxidation methods. O2‐dependent enzymes, like oxidases and oxygenases, catalyse a versatile range of oxidative reactions using only molecular oxygen as an oxidant. However, their practical application on a larger scale has been limited up to this point, primarily due to factors like their low catalytic rates combined with a narrow substrate spectrum and low stability. Nonetheless, enzyme engineering studies have significantly addressed these challenges in recent years and moved O2‐dependent enzymes closer towards industrial utilisation. This review aims to concisely overview the most recent engineering approaches to O2‐dependent enzymes. We will highlight recent studies that have targeted various aspects of O2‐dependent enzymes, including activity, selectivity, stability, and substrate spectrum, focusing on engineering studies where the engineered enzymes catalysed synthetically valuable reactions.