bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic breast carcinoma involving the thyroid gland diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration: A case report
Authors: Owens Christopher L. , Basaria Shezad , Nicol Theresa L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSecondary involvement of the thyroid gland from a remote primary malignancy is uncommon. The distinction of metastatic carcinoma (MC) or sarcoma from a primary thyroid malignancy is important because the treatment is different. We discuss a case of a 64‐yr‐old female with a history of breast carcinoma, who presented with pain and swelling in her neck 5 yrs after being diagnosed with breast cancer. She had undergone mastectomy with subsequent chemotherapy and radiation for infiltrating mammary carcinoma. During the 5‐yr interval, she had been free of clinically evident metastatic disease. Subsequent work‐up revealed two distinct nodules in the left lobe of her thyroid gland as well as a subcutaneous mass in her right shoulder. A fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the larger thyroid nodule showed malignant epithelial cells with features consistent with breast carcinoma in a background of benign thyroid epithelial cells and colloid. The case was signed out as metastatic breast carcinoma. Subsequent FNA and biopsy of her right shoulder lesion also revealed metastatic breast carcinoma with similar morphology to the material in the thyroid FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33;110–115. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPV DNA testing in the triage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS): Cost comparison of two methods
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Qureshi M. Nasar 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing for triage of cervical cytologies showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) has become the standard of practice. Currently, Hybrid Capture II® (HCII®) is the preferred method for ASCUS triage. In situ hybridization for HPV represents an alternative to HCII and appears to have a superior specificity but is more expensive.We compare the reimbursement rates of ASCUS triage (HPV high risk) using the methods of HCII and INFORM® (in situ hybridization for HPV) in a series of 431 ASCUS patients. The patients were followed for 1 yr, during which each patient had either colposcopic biopsy or follow‐up cervical cytology after ASCUS HPV DNA triage. Eighty‐nine patients were excluded from the analysis because of incomplete follow‐up. The HPV triage percentages, colposcopic biopsy positivity rates and cervical cytology positivity percentages were calculated for each method. The reimbursement rates of the tests/procedures used in the analysis were those in effect at the University of Utah in 2003. The total triage and follow‐up reimbursement costs were calculated for HCII and INFORM and compared.HCII referred 19.9% of patients to colposcopy, with a biopsy positivity rate of 25.6% for dysplasia. INFORM referred 11.8% of patients to colposcopy, of whom 34% had a biopsy diagnosis of dysplasia. HCII negative cases revealed 19% to have ASCUS or higher on the follow‐up cervical cytology, while 19.9% of INFORM negative cases had a reading of ASCUS or higher at follow‐up cytologic examination. The 1‐yr HPV DNA triage and follow‐up reimbursements for HCII were $316,942.00 per 1,000 women, and for the INFORM methodology, the reimbursements were $369,484.00 per 1,000 women. The INFORM method was associated with higher specificity and sent fewer (41%) patients to colposcopy than did HCII. Although this smaller referral rate reduced reimbursement costs associated with colposcopy, the increased reimbursement paid for follow‐up cytologies and office visits of HPV DNA negative patient and the greater cost of the INFORM test results in higher overall reimbursement for INFORM.Based on these costs and diagnostic accuracies, it appears that the INFORM HPV technology represents a viable option to HCII ASCUS triage. INFORM HPV appears to be 16% more expensive than HCII but has the advantage of sending 41% fewer women to colposcopy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:138–143. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Algorithm for cytological diagnosis of nonneoplastic lesions of the salivary glands
Authors: Malhotra Purnima , Arora Vinod K. , Singh Navjeevan , Bhatia Arati 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to formulate an algorithm for the cytologic diagnosis of nonneoplastic enlargements of the salivary gland.Smear cellularity and cytological features such as presence of epithelial cells and types of inflammation were assessed in a retrospective study of 201 aspirates. One hundred and forty‐six were inflammatory, 19 were noninflammatory nonneoplastic, and 36 were cystic lesions.Of the cystic lesions, cytological evidence of retention cyst was seen in seven, while two aspirates with only hemosiderin‐laden macrophages were hematomas. The remaining 27 defied subclassification. Noninflammatorynonneoplastic lesions included 5 fatty infiltrations, 2 sialadenosis, and 12 normal salivary glands. Forty‐two lesions were acute inflammations, 89 were chronic, and 15 were granulomatous. Cytomorphologic patterns identified in samples with acute inflammation were 9 abscesses, 29 acute obstructive sialadenitis, and 4 acute infective sialadenitis. Three aspirates with chronic inflammation were lymphoepithelial lesions, 82 chronic sialadenitis, and 4 lymph node in salivary gland. Fifteen granulomatous lesions were 10 tuberculosis, 3 sarcoidosis, and 2 foreign body granulomas. Using the proposed algorithmic approach, nonneoplastic salivary gland enlargement could be placed into distinct, clinically relevant diagnostic categories. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:90–94. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of a rock avalanche on a moraine‐dammed proglacial lake: Laguna Safuna Alta, Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Hubbard Bryn , Heald Andrew , Reynolds John M. , Quincey Duncan , Richardson Shaun D. , Luyo Marco Zapata , Portilla Nelson Santillan , Hambrey Michael J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMoraines that dam proglacial lakes pose an increasing hazard to communities in the Andes and other mountain ranges. The moraines are prone to failure through collapse, overtopping by lake waters or the effect of displacement waves resulting from ice and rock avalanches. Resulting floods have led to the loss of thousands of lives in the Cordillera Blanca mountains of Peru alone in the last 100 years. On 22 April 2002 a rock avalanche occurred immediately to the south‐west of Laguna Safuna Alta, in the Cordillera Blanca. The geomorphic evidence for the nature, magnitude and consequences of this event was investigated in August 2002. Field mapping indicated that the avalanche deposited 8–20 × 106 m3 of rock into the lake and onto the surface of the frontal region of Glaciar Pucajirca, which flows into the lake. Repeated bathymetric surveying indicated that ∼5 × 106 m3 of this material was deposited directly into the lake. The immediate effect of this event was to create a displacement wave that gained in height as it travelled along the lake basin, overtopping the impounding moraine at the lake's northern end. To achieve overtopping, the maximum wave height must have been greater than 100 m. This, and subsequent seiche waves, caused extensive erosion of both the proximal and distal faces of the impounding terminal moraine. Further deep gullying of the distal face of this moraine resulted from the supply of pressurized water to the face via a relief overflow tunnel constructed in 1978. Two‐dimensional, steady‐state analysis of the stability of the post‐avalanche moraine rampart indicates that its proximal face remains susceptible to major large‐scale rotational failure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elevated protein carbonylation in the brain white matter and gray matter of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bizzozero Oscar A. , DeJesus Gisela , Callahan Kelly , Pastuszyn Andrzej 
Published: July 2005

AbstractOxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from infiltrating macrophages and microglial cells have been shown to reduce the levels of endogenous antioxidants and to cause the oxidation of various substrates within the MS plaque. To determine whether oxidative damage takes place beyond visible MS plaques, the occurrence of total carbonyls (TCOs) and protein carbonyls (PCOs) in the normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) and gray matter (NAGM) of eight MS brains was assessed and compared with those of four control brains. The data show that most (7/8) of the MS‐WM samples contain increased amounts of PCOs as determined by reaction with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine and Western blot analysis. These samples also have high levels of glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP), suggesting that oxidative damage is related to the presence of small lesions. In contrast, we detected no evidence of protein thiolation (glutathionylation and cysteinylation) in the diseased tissue. To our surprise, MS‐NAGM specimens with high GFAP content also showed three times the concentration of TCOs and PCOs as the controls. The increase in PCOs is likely to be a consequence of reduced levels of antioxidants, in that the concentration of nonprotein thiols in both MS‐WM and ‐GM decreased by 30%. Overall, our data support the current view that both NAWM and ‐GM from MS brains contain considerable biochemical alterations. The involvement of GM in MS was also supported by the decrease in the levels of neurofilament light protein in all the specimens analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the presence of increased protein carbonylation in post‐mortem WM and GM tissue of MS patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic significance of betel quid chewing in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Jang‐Jaer , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei , Wang Hsiao‐Mei , Chang Hao‐Hueng , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Kuo Ying‐Shiung , Lan Wan‐Hong , Kok Sang‐Heng 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhile betel quid (BQ) chewing is clearly the most avoidable risk factor of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa (BMSCC), little is known about the influence of this habit on the prognosis of BMSCC.MethodsWe surveyed 280 patients with BMSCC who were treated during an 8‐year period in a cohort study to assess the independent predictive value of pretreatment BQ chewing habit on the prognosis by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsWe found by univariate analysis that sex, age, clinical stage, smoking, and BQ chewing significantly affected the patients' prognosis and only age, clinical stage, and BQ chewing had significant influence on prognosis by multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that the prognostic effect of BQ chewing changed in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The risk of death was 31.4‐fold higher in heavy user (duration >30 years, daily consumption >30 quids, age of start <20 years old) when compared to those who chewed BQ to a milder degree (duration <10 years, daily consumption <15 quids, age of start ≥20 years old ) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPretreatment BQ chewing habit worsens the prognosis of BMSCC in Taiwan. BQ chewing is a prognostic indicator that can be used in conjunction with clinical staging to help plan the treatment for the patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:41–47. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The significance of autophagy in cancer
Authors: Ng Grace , Huang Jingxiang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAutophagy, a vacuolar process of cytoplasmic degradation, is implicated in a form of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis. The regulation of autophagy is complex and signalling pathways such as the target of rapamycin (Tor) kinase pathway, play important roles in tumourigenesis. Beclin 1, an autophagic protein, has been found to be a tumour suppressor. Conversely, cancer cells may exploit autophagy as a means to adapt to hypoxic and nutrient‐limiting environments. The relative importance of autophagic cell death and apoptosis in carcinogenesis remains to be established, and the Bcl‐2 family of proteins may be instrumental in coordinating the two pathways of programmed cell death. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is sphincter electromyography a helpful investigation in the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy? A retrospective study with pathological diagnosis
Authors: Paviour Dominic C. , Williams David , Fowler Clare J. , Quinn Niall P. , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSphincter electromyography (spEMG) is often used as an ancillary test when multiple system atrophy (MSA) is suspected. Our aim was to determine the clinical features associated with spEMG being performed, the influence of the result on the final clinical diagnosis, and its utility as a clinical investigation. A retrospective audit of all cases in the Queen Square Brain Bank between 1989 and 2002 was performed. The clinical features and diagnostic accuracy were compared between patients in whom spEMG was performed and those in whom it was not. From 845 sets of complete clinical records, we identified 37 (4.4%) cases that had been investigated with spEMG. Thirty of these cases had a pathological diagnosis of MSA. Of these 30, 24 had abnormal spEMGs, 5 had a borderline result, and only 1 had a normal spEMG. Sixty‐six cases had pathologically proven MSA but no spEMG. Those investigated with spEMG were younger at disease onset (P < 0.001), more frequently male (P = 0.03), and more likely to have had other investigations performed. They had a greater incidence of pyramidal tract signs at final clinical diagnosis, and the final clinical diagnostic accuracy was higher (P = 0.04). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, balanced populations for calculation of sensitivity and specificity were not available. In this selected series of pathologically confirmed cases, investigation with spEMG was one of several factors associated with improved clinical diagnostic accuracy. A normal spEMG is unlikely in pathologically proven MSA, at least in cases with a mean symptom duration of more than 5 years when the test is performed. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Corticobasal degeneration and Parkinson's disease assessed by HmPaO SPECT: The utility of factorial discriminant analysis
Authors: Kreisler Alexandre , Defebvre Luc , Lecouffe Pascal , Duhamel Alain , Charpentier Pierre , Steinling Marc , Destée Alain 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is difficult despite the existence of some typical clinical features. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in CBD presents an original pattern (with asymmetric hypoperfusion in pre‐ and retrorolandic regions) that could facilitate the differential diagnosis of CBD relative to the other degenerative parkinsonian syndromes. The objective of our study was to compare the regional cerebral blood flow measurements studied by SPECT in both CBD and Parkinson's disease (PD) using a multivariate procedure. Twenty‐one patients with probable CBD and 20 patients with probable PD underwent brain 99mTc HmPaO SPECT. We used factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) to study the relative fixation of 26 regions of interest (ROIs) drawn on two transverse slices, together with the asymmetry indexes of 13 pairs of ROIs. FDA performed using the full set of parameters classified all the patients correctly. In order to classify the patients more easily, a predictive score using a selection of parameters was established. The most discriminating ROIs were the temporoinsular, temporoparietal, and frontal medial regions. We believe that this semiautomatic classification may be a precious tool for reinforcing the current clinical differential diagnosis of CBD and PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Nondopaminergic mechanisms in levodopa‐induced dyskinesia
Authors: Brotchie Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIt has become increasingly apparent that Parkinson's disease involves many transmitter systems other than dopamine. This nondopaminergic involvement impacts on the generation of symptoms, on the neurodegenerative process, but, most tellingly, in the generation of side effects of current treatments, in particular, levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID). Such mechanisms contribute not only to the expression of LID once it has been established but also to the mechanisms responsible for the development, or priming, of the dyskinetic state and the subsequent maintenance of the brain in that primed state. Within the basal ganglia, abnormalities in different nondopaminergic components of the circuitry have been defined in LID. In particular, a role for enhanced inhibition of basal ganglia outputs by the GABAergic direct pathway has been suggested as a basic mechanism generating LID. We speculate that the external globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus may play distinct roles in different forms of dyskinesia, e.g., chorea/dystonia; peak/diphasic/off. At the cellular level, an appreciation of abnormal signaling by, among others, glutamatergic (NMDA and AMPA receptors in particular), α2 adrenergic, serotonergic (5HT), cannabinoid and opioid mechanisms in both priming and expression of LID has begun to emerge over the last decade. This is being consolidated, though in many cases questions remain regarding the specific sites of such abnormality within the circuitry. Very recently, at the molecular level, mechanisms controlling neurotransmitter release and impacting on the ability of neurons to maintain particular forms of firing patterning and synchronization, e.g., SV2A, have been identified. This increased understanding has already delivered and will continue to define novel approaches to treatment that target both pre‐ and postsynaptic signaling molecules throughout the basal ganglia circuitry. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Adult polyglucosan body disease: A case report of a manifesting heterozygote
Authors: Ubogu Eroboghene E. , Hong Stacey Tay Kiat , Akman Hasan Orhan , Dimauro Salvatore , Katirji Bashar , Preston David C. , Shapiro Barbara E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA 62‐year‐old man developed progressive gait instability, bladder dysfunction, proximal weakness, distal sensory loss, and mild cognitive impairment over 6 years. Neurologic examination revealed upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction in the lower extremities, with distal sensory loss. Electrodiagnostic studies, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and sural nerve biopsy were consistent with adult polyglucosan body disease. Biochemical and genetic analyses demonstrated reduced glycogen brancher enzyme levels associated with a heterozygous point mutation (Tyr329Ser or Y329S) in the glycogen brancher enzyme gene on chromosome 3. Mutational heterozygosity in the glycogen brancher enzyme gene has not been previously reported as a cause for this rare disease. A review of the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, etiology, and diagnosis of this disease is presented. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Molecular characterization of tumour heterogeneity and malignant mesothelioma cell differentiation by gene profiling
Authors: Sun Xiaojuan , Wei Lei , Lidén Johan , Hui Gao , Dahlman‐Wright Karin , Hjerpe Anders , Dobra Katalin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumour, characterized by a variable differentiation pattern and poor prognosis. At present, the clinical outcome in patients with malignant mesothelioma is mainly predicted by the morphological phenotype of the tumour. However, this conventional clinicopathological parameter is of limited value, partly because of the biological heterogeneity of this tumour and poor understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the various patterns of growth. To elucidate the intrinsic molecular programmes that determine tumour differentiation, oligonucleotide arrays were used in an in vitro model of mesothelioma differentiation. The analysis of 2059 genes detected 102 genes that were significantly deregulated. Clustering of these genes into functional categories showed distinctive patterns for the two phenotypes, namely epithelioid and sarcomatoid. The molecular fingerprint of the sarcomatoid tumour component indicates overrepresentation of growth factor receptors and growth factor binding proteins, whereas epithelioid mesothelioma cells express other tumour‐promoting factors involved in differentiation, metabolism, and regulation of apoptosis. These differences in the molecular phenotype may give a better basis for diagnosis and for designing novel therapies. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
cDNA expression profiling of chondrosarcomas: Ollier disease resembles solitary tumours and alteration in genes coding for components of energy metabolism occurs with increasing grade
Authors: Rozeman Leida B , Hameetman Liesbeth , van Wezel Tom , Taminiau Antonie HM , Cleton‐Jansen Anne Marie , Hogendoorn Pancras CW , Bovée Judith VMG 
Published: July 2005

AbstractConventional central chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilaginous tumours, occasionally arising secondary to either solitary or multiple (Ollier disease) enchondromas. Recurrences may have progressed in grade. The aims of the present study were to identify putative differences in gene expression between solitary and Ollier disease‐related tumours, and to elucidate signalling pathways involved in tumour progression by genome‐wide cDNA expression analysis. Arrays enriched for cartilage‐specific cDNAs and genes involved in general tumourigenesis were used to analyse enchondromas (n= 3, two with Ollier disease), chondrosarcomas of different grades (n= 19, three with Ollier disease), normal resting‐zone cartilage (n= 2), and chondrosarcoma cells in culture (n= 7). The arrays were analysed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering, significant analysis of microarray, andT‐tests. Confirmation of data was performed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Ollier disease cases and solitary tumours revealed similar expression profiles, suggesting that the same signalling pathways are involved in tumourigenesis. Interestingly, JunB protein expression was significantly higher in grade I chondrosarcomas than in enchondromas (p= 0.009), which could be of diagnostic relevance. Upon chondrosarcoma progression, matrix‐associated genes are down‐regulated, reflecting the histology of high‐grade tumours. An increase in glycolysis‐associated, and a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation‐related, genes was found in high‐grade tumours. These findings suggest an adaptation in energy supply upon progression towards higher grade. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.