bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galectin 3 and its binding protein in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ohshima Shiro , Kuchen Stefan , Seemayer Christian A. , Kyburz Diego , Hirt Astrid , Klinzing Stephanie , Michel Beat A. , Gay Renate E. , Liu Fu‐Tong , Gay Steffen , Neidhart Michel 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the expression pattern and role of galectin 3 and galectin 3 binding protein (G3BP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in comparison with galectin 1, and to explore whether soluble galectin 3 and G3BP, investigated in serum, synovial fluid, or cell culture supernatant, are associated with disease.MethodsSynovial tissues from patients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA), as well as from healthy controls, were analyzed for galectins 1 and 3 and G3BP by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Levels of galectin 3 and G3BP in serum and synovial fluid from patients with RA and OA and controls, as well as in cell culture supernatants, were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, the intracellular expression of galectin 3 in RA and OA synovial fibroblasts after modulation with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibodies was measured by flow cytometry.ResultsIn RA, galectin 3 messenger RNA and protein stained throughout the synovial membrane, whereas G3BP was particularly expressed at sites of bone destruction. In contrast, the expression of galectin 1 was not uniform in different RA specimens, and was never found at sites of invasion. In OA and normal synovial tissues, only a small number of cells were positive for galectins and/or G3BP. Galectin 3 was elevated in RA sera and synovial fluids, whereas G3BP was increased in RA synovial fluids only. In RA, serum galectin 3 correlated with C‐reactive protein levels, whereas G3BP was associated with joint destruction and/or synovial cell activation as measured by the levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. In vitro, RA synovial fibroblasts showed an increased release of galectin 3 into culture medium, as measured by ELISA, but decreased secretion of G3BP. In RA synovial fibroblasts with low basal expression of galectin 3, TNFα increased its intracellular level in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, IL‐1β or anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibodies showed no effect.ConclusionOur data indicate that galectin 3 and G3BP are not only involved in inflammation, but also contribute to the activation of synovial fibroblasts. The intracellular accumulation of galectin 3 can be enhanced by TNFα. Thus, galectin 3 and G3BP represent novel markers of disease activity in RA.
Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 6, expressed in arthritic synovium, are regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and differentially modulate fibroblast‐like synoviocyte apoptosis
Authors: Lories Rik J. U. , Derese Inge , Ceuppens Jan L. , Luyten Frank P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the expression, regulation, and potential roles of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in arthritic synovium.MethodsExpression of BMPs in arthritic synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondylarthropathy (SpA) and in noninflamed synovium from patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic arthroscopies was studied by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and 2‐color immunofluorescence. In vitro regulation of gene expression in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) was determined by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. We used 3H‐thymidine incorporation after serum deprivation–induced growth arrest to examine effects on FLS proliferation. FLS apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Apoptotic cells in synovial tissue were detected by TUNEL staining.ResultsTranscripts of different BMPs, most strikingly BMP‐2 and BMP‐6, were detected in synovial tissues. By Western blot, BMP‐2 and BMP‐6 precursor protein was found in RA and SpA synovial tissue extracts, but not in extracts of noninflamed synovial tissue. By immunohistochemistry, BMP‐2 and BMP‐6 were detected in the hyperplastic lining and the sublining layer of synovium from RA and SpA patients, both in CD90+ cells (FLS) and in some CD68+ cells (macrophages). Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor α, but not interferon‐γ, enhanced the expression of BMP‐2 and BMP‐6 transcripts in FLS in vitro. Neither BMP‐2 nor BMP‐6 affected FLS proliferation. BMP‐2 promoted FLS apoptosis, whereas BMP‐6 protected against nitric oxide–induced FLS apoptosis. BMP‐2–positive apoptotic cells were found in arthritic synovium.ConclusionBMP‐2 and BMP‐6 are expressed in arthritic synovium and are strongly up‐regulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Although BMP signaling has been proposed to be involved in cartilage and bone repair in arthritis, this pathway may be equally important in modulating FLS cell populations in inflamed synovium.
Direct medical costs and their predictors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Michaud Kaleb , Messer Jodi , Choi Hyon K. , Wolfe Frederick 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate total direct medical costs in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to characterize predictors of these costs.MethodsPatients (n = 7,527) participating in a longitudinal study of outcome in RA completed 25,050 semiannual questionnaires from January 1999 through December 2001. From these we determined direct medical care costs converted to 2001 US dollars using the consumer price index. We used generalized estimating equations to examine potential predictors of the costs. Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the varying prevalence and cost of biologic therapy.ResultsThe mean total annual direct medical care cost in 2001 for a patient with RA was $9,519. Drug costs were $6,324 (66% of the total), while hospitalization costs were only $1,573 (17%). Approximately 25% of patients received biologic therapy. The mean total annual direct cost for patients receiving biologic agents was $19,016 per year, while the cost for those not receiving biologic therapy was $6,164. RA patients who were in the worst quartile of functional status, as measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire, experienced direct medical costs for the subsequent year that were $5,022 more than the costs incurred by those in the best quartile. Physical status as determined by the Short Form 36 physical component scale had a similar large effect on RA costs, as did comorbidity. Medical insurance type played a more limited role. However, those without insurance had substantially lower service utilization and costs, and health maintenance organization patients had lower drug costs and total medical costs. Increased years of education, increased income, and majority ethnic status were all associated with increased drug costs but not hospitalization costs. Costs in all categories decreased after age 65 years.ConclusionEstimates of direct medical costs for patients with RA are substantially higher than cost estimates before the biologic therapy era, and costs are now driven predominantly by the cost of drugs, primarily biologic agents. RA patients with poor function continue to incur substantially higher costs, as do those with comorbid conditions, and sociodemographic characteristics also play an important role in determination of costs.
First results from SPIFFI. I: The Galactic Center
Authors: Horrobin M. , Eisenhauer F. , Tecza M. , Thatte N. , Genzel R. , Abuter R. , Iserlohe C. , Schreiber J. , Schegerer A. , Lutz D. , Ott T. , Schödel R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this and a companion paper (Eisenhauer et al. 2003b), we discuss some of the scientific results obtained during the SPIFFI guest instrument runs at the VLT in March and April 2003. This paper concentrates on results for the Galactic Center. Section 1 discusses the stellar population of the Galactic Center, in which we clearly detect, for the first time, an early, hot WN star, as well as a large number of WC stars. Analysis of the stellar population indicates that the young stars in the Galactic Center originated in a high metalicity starburst about 5 Myr ago. A surprising result is that essentially all young stars in the central 10″ belong to one of two well defined, rotating stellar rings/disks. Section 2 outlines a new determination of the distance to the Galactic Center which is essentially free of systematic uncertainties in the astrophysical modelling, and gives Ro as 7.94 ± 0.42 kpc. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A SAURON look at galaxy bulges
Authors: Falcón‐Barroso J. , Bacon R. , Bureau M. , Cappellari M. , Davies R. L. , Emsellem E. , Krajnović D. , Kuntschner H. , McDermid R. , Peletier R. F. , de Zeeuw P. T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractKinematic and population studies show that bulges are generally rotationally flattened systems similar to lowluminosity ellipticals. However, observations with state‐of‐the‐art integral field spectrographs, such as SAURON, indicate that the situation is much more complex, and allow us to investigate phenomena such as triaxiality, kinematic decoupling and population substructure, and to study their connection to current formation and evolution scenarios for bulges of early‐type galaxies. We present the examples of two S0 bulges from galaxies in our sample of nearby galaxies: one that shows all the properties expected from classical bulges (NGC5866), and another case that presents kinematic features appropriate for barred disk galaxies (NGC7332). (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
OASIS high‐resolution integral field spectroscopy of the SAURON ellipticals and lenticulars
Authors: McDermid R. , Emsellem E. , Cappellari M. , Kuntschner H. , Bacon R. , Bureau M. , Copin Y. , Davies R. L. , Falcón‐Barroso J. , Ferruit P. , Krajnović D. , Peletier R.F. , Shapiro K. , Wernli F. , de Zeeuw P.T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a summary of high‐spatial resolution follow‐up observations of the elliptical (E) and lenticular (S0) galaxies in the SAURON survey using the OASIS integral field spectrograph. The OASIS observations explore the central 8″ × 10″ regions of these galaxies using a spatial sampling four times higher than SAURON, often revealing previously undiscovered features. Around 75% (31/48) of the SAURON E/S0s with central velocity dispersion ≳ 120 km s−1 were observed with OASIS, covering well the original SAURON representative sample.We present here an overview of this follow‐up survey, and some preliminary results on individual objects, including a previously unreported counter‐rotating core in NGC4382; the decoupled stellar and gas velocity fields of NGC2768; and the strong age gradient towards the centre of NGC3489. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A detailed view on the kinematics of candidate intermediate luminosity early‐type galaxies with a lack of dark matter
Authors: Covone G. , Napolitano N.R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn several nearby L ∼ L* early‐type galaxies, recent observations at large radii have shown indications of a lack of dark matter, substantially at odds with the prediction from the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) hierarchical merger models. Here we discuss a pilot observational project for the study of the internal kinematical and dynamical properties of this remarkable sample of galaxies. Using the VIMOS‐IFU in its high spectral resolution mode, it would be possible to investigate the regions up to ∼1.2 Re, taking advantage of the much larger field of view and telescope diameter. This will allow to disclose the presence of any kinematical substructures which could affect the conclusion on the mass modeling and definitely clarify the inner structure of this particular class of early‐type galaxies. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The merging/AGN connection: a case for 3D spectroscopy
Authors: Sánchez S.F. , Christensen L. , Becker T. , Kelz A. , Jahnke K. , Benn C.R. , García‐Lorenzoa B. , Roth M.M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe discuss an ongoing study of the connection between galaxy merging/interaction and AGN activity, based on integral field spectroscopy. We focus on the search for AGN ionization in the central regions of mergers, previously not classified as AGNs. We present here the science case, the current status of the project, and plans for future observations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The nearby supernova factory
Authors: Copin Y. , the Nearby Supernova Factory Collaboration  
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe Nearby Supernova Factory is an international project dedicated to the study of the nearby thermonuclear (type Ia) supernovæ. Based upon the NEAT search for the target discovery and the dedicated integral field spectrograph SNIFS for the follow‐up, the goal is to study, over a continuous period of 4 years, the spectro‐photometric evolution of ∼300 SNe Ia atz< 0.08 from −15 to +50 days in the extended optical range (320–1000 nm). This will allow to probe in detail the local Hubble diagram, SNe Ia physics and the SNe‐host galaxy correlations, serving as an unprecedented nearby benchmark for the high‐zcosmological studies to come. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integral field observations of damped Lyman‐α galaxies
Authors: Christensen L. , Sánchez S.F. , Jahnke K. , Becker T. , Kelz A. , Wisotzki L. , Roth M.M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe report preliminary results from a targeted investigation on quasars containing damped Lyman‐α absorption (DLA) lines as well strong metal absorption lines, carried out with the Potsdam Multi Aperture Spectrophotometer (PMAS). We search for line‐emitting objects at the same redshift as the absorption lines and close to the line of sight of the QSOs. We have observed and detected the already confirmed absorbing galaxies in Q2233+131 (zabs = 3.15) and Q0151+045 (zabs=0.168), while failing to find spectral signatures for the z = 0.091 absorber in Q0738+313. From the Q2233+131 DLA galaxy, we have detected extended Lyα emission from an area of 3″ ×5″. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integral field spectroscopy of the gravitational lens HE1104‐1805
Authors: Gómez‐Álvarez P. , Mediavilla Gradolph E. , Sánchez S.F. , Arribas S. , Wisotzki L. , Wambsganss J. , Lewis G. , Muñoz J.A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present integral field spectroscopy of the double imaged quasar HE1104‐1805 taken with the optical fiber system INTEGRAL‐WYFFOS at theWHT telescope. From the spectra of the two components we have measured the continuum and line emission ratios, finding an offset between them that can be related to microlensing. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integral field spectrophotometry of gravitationally lensed QSOs with PMAS
Authors: Wisotzki L. , Becker T. , Christensen L. , Jahnke K. , Helms A. , Kelz A. , Roth M.M. , Sánchez S.F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present spatially resolved spectrophotometric observations of multiply imaged QSOs, using the Potsdam Multi‐Aperture Spectrophotometer (PMAS), with the intention to search for spectral differences between components indicative of either microlensing or dust extinction. For the quadruple QSO HE 0435–1223 we find that the continuum shapes are indistinguishable, therefore differential extinction is negligible. The equivalent widths of the broad emission lines are however significantly different, and we argue that this is most likely due to microlensing. Contrariwise, the two components of the well‐known object UM 673 have virtually identical emission line properties, but the continuum slopes differ significantly and indicate different dust extinction along both lines of sight. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extragalactic integral field spectroscopy on the Gemini telescopes
Authors: Bunker A. , Smith J. , Parry I. , Sharp R. , Dean A. , Gilmore G. , Bower R. , Swinbank M. , Davies R. , Metcalf R. B. , de Grijs R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe have been undertaking a programme on the Gemini 8‐m telescopes to demonstrate the power of integral field spectroscopy, using the optical GMOS spectrograph, and the new CIRPASS instrument in the near‐infrared. Here we present some preliminary results from 3D spectroscopy of extra‐galactic objects, mapping the emission lines in a 3CR radio galaxy and in a gravitationally lensed arc, exploring dark matter sub‐structure through observations of an Einstein Cross gravitational lens, and the star formation time‐scales of young massive clusters in the starburst galaxy NGC 1140. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observing the high redshift Universe using the VIMOS‐IFU
Authors: Foucaud S. , Scodeggio M. , Zanichelli A. , Garilli B. , Giallongo E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe describe the advantages of using Integral Field Spectroscopy to observe deep fields of galaxies. The VIMOS Integral Field Unit is particularly suitable for this kind of study thanks to its large field‐of‐view (∼1 arcmin2). After a short description of the VIMOS‐IFU data reduction, we detail the main scientific issues which can be addressed using observations of the Hubble Deep Field South with a combination of Integral Field Spectroscopy and broad band optical and near‐Infrared imaging. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Science verification results from PMAS
Authors: Roth M.M. , Becker T. , Böhm P. , Kelz A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPMAS, the Potsdam Multi‐Aperture Spectrophotometer, is a new integral field instrument which was commissioned at the Calar Alto 3.5 m Telescope in May 2001. We report on results obtained from a science verification run in October 2001. We present observations of the low‐metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS0335‐052, the ultra‐luminous X‐ray Source X‐1 in the Holmberg II galaxy, the quadruple gravitational lens system Q2237+0305 (the “Einstein Cross”), the Galactic planetary nebula NGC7027, and extragalactic planetary nebulae in M31. PMAS is now available as a common user instrument at Calar Alto Observatory. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
E3D, the Euro3D visualization tool I: Description of the program and its capabilities
Authors: Sánchez S.F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present the first version of E3D, the Euro3D visualization tool for data from integral field spectroscopy. We describe its major characteristics, based on the proposed requirements, the current state of the project, and some planned future upgrades. We show examples of its use and capabilities. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection of circulating oesophageal squamous cancer cells in peripheral blood and its impact on prognosis
Authors: Kaganoi J , Shimada Y , Kano M , Okumura T , Watanabe G , Imamura M 
Published: June 2004

Abstract

Background
Many studies have attempted to detect cancer cells using the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) for specific mRNAs. None has examined the correlation between the presence of circulating oesophageal cancer cells in peripheral blood and long-term outcome.

Methods
Blood samples were obtained on admission, and before, during and after operation from 70 patients with squamous oesophageal cancer who had complete clinicopathological records and who underwent curative oesophagectomy between June 1997 and June 2000. RT–PCR for mRNA encoding squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA mRNA) was used to detect oesophageal cancer cells in peripheral blood.

Results
Twenty-three patients (33 per cent) were positive for SCCA mRNA on admission and 17 of these patients developed recurrent disease. SCCA mRNA on admission correlated with the depth of tumour invasion (P &lt; 0·001) and with venous invasion (P &lt; 0·001). Eleven of 24 patients with a positive intraoperative result were positive for SCCA mRNA only during operation, of whom seven also developed recurrence.

Conclusion
RT–PCR for SCCA mRNA can detect oesophageal cancer cells in peripheral blood. The presence of such cells in blood samples obtained on admission or during operation is a useful predictor of outcome in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Gorham T J , Taylor J , Raptis S 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm has become widely used. Supporters claim high success rates, few complications and a dramatically reduced hospital stay. However, endoleak, endotension and reports of endoprosthesis rupture are causes of concern.MethodsA Medline search was undertaken to identify articles on endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Additional papers were identified by manual scanning of the references from key articles.Results and conclusionEndoleak is a potentially serious complication of the endovascular technique and occurs in a significant proportion of patients. It is still not possible to judge whether the presence of an endoleak alone signifies failure of treatment, and the long-term durability of prosthetic covered stents is unknown. However, endovascular repair does appear to confer a degree of protection from rupture although patients must be advised of the need for life-long imaging surveillance and, perhaps, further intervention.
Synthesis of an Enzyme‐like Imprinted Polymer with the Substrate as the Template, and Its Catalytic Properties under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Cheng Zhiyong , Zhang Liwei , Li Yuanzong 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTransition state analogues (TSAs) have long been regarded as ideal templates for the preparation of catalytically active synthetic imprinted polymers. In the current work, however, a new type of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized with the substrate (homovanillic acid, HVA) as the template and hemin introduced as the catalytic center, with the use of plural functional monomers to prepare the active sites. The MIP successfully mimicked natural peroxidase, suggesting that it may not be imperative to employ a TSA as the template when preparing enzyme‐like imprinted polymers and that the imprinted polymer matrix provided an advantageous microenvironment around the catalytic center (hemin), essentially similar to that supplied by apo‐proteins in natural enzymes. Significantly, by taking advantage of the special structure of hemin and multiple‐site interactions provided by several functional monomers, the intrinsic difficulties for MIPs in recognizing template molecules in polar solutions were overcome. The newly developed polymer showed considerable recognizing ability toward HVA, catalytic activity, substrate specificity and also stability, which are the merits lacked by the natural peroxidase. Meanwhile, the ease of recovery and reuse the MIP implies the potential for industrial application.
Metal Coordination to the Formal PN Bond of an Iminophosphorane and Charge‐Density Evidence against Hypervalent Phosphorus(V)
Authors: Kocher Nikolaus , Leusser Dirk , Murso Alexander , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe iminophosphorane Ph2P(CH2Py)(NSiMe3) (1) was treated with deprotonating alkali metal reagents to give [(Et2O)Li{Ph2P(CHPy)(NSiMe3)}] (2), [{Ph2P(CH2Py)(NSiMe3)}Li{Ph2P(CHPy)(NSiMe3)}] (3) and [{Ph2P(CH2Py)(NSiMe3)}Na{Ph2P(CHPy)(NSiMe3)}] (4). We report their coordination behaviour in solid‐state structures and NMR spectroscopic features in solution. Furthermore, we furnish experimental evidence against hypervalency of the phosphorus atom in iminophosphoranes from experimental charge‐density studies and subsequent topological analysis. The topological properties, correlated to the results from NMR spectroscopic investigations, illustrate that the formal PN double bond is better written as a polar P+N−single bond. Additionally, the effects of metal coordination on the bonding parameters of the iminophosphorane and the related anion are discussed.
Sn2BrxI4‐x(g) and Sn2BryI3‐y+ (x = 0—4, y = 0—3) Species: Mass Spectrometric Evidence and Quantum‐Chemical Studies.
Authors: Saloni J. , Roszak S. , Miller M. , Hilpert K. , Leszczynski J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.