bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the Efficacy of some Natural Chemicals against Powdery Mildew [Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr.] of Grape
Authors: Yildirim I. , Onogur E. , Irshad M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe efficacies of Na2SiO3, K2SiO3, KH2PO4, NaHCO3 and di‐1‐p‐menthen against powdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr. were investigated on Vitis vinifera L. spp. c.v. ‘Yuvarlak Cekirdeksiz’ and compared with the efficacy of sulphur and penconazole. The investigation was carried out during 1998–1999 under glasshouse condition and in two vineyards in Manisa and Izmir/Turkey.When applied to pot‐grown plants before inoculation with the fungus, NaHCO3 and Na2SiO3 reduced the spore formation ability of colonies for 4 days on young leaves and NaHCO3, KH2PO4, Na2SiO3 and di‐1‐p‐menthen reduced the spore formation ability of colonies for 7 days on old leaves.In vineyard trials, all the test chemicals showed low efficacies against leaf infection. However, bunch infections were inhibited by fungicide application with the alternation of KH2PO4– di‐1‐p‐menthen and the mixture of KH2PO4 + sulphur(S) (WP), as effectively as by the alternate application of penconazole – sulphur. NaHCO3 and K2SiO3 + S (WP) were less effective in the vineyard with high disease incidence. The test chemicals had no effect on the sugar content of berries and did not cause any toxic effect or residue problems in the leaves and bunch.It is, therefore, suggested that Na2SiO3, K2SiO3, KH2PO4, NaHCO3 and di‐1‐p‐menthen could be included in the spraying programmes against powdery mildew with sulphur, synthetic fungicides or they could be used in suitable mixtures and alternations with each other.
Induction of Arthritis with Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in Pigs: Clinical Response and Re‐isolation of the Organism from Body Fluids and Organs
Authors: Hagedorn‐Olsen T. , Nielsen N. C. , Friis N. F. 
Published: March 2003

The objective of this investigation was to study the pathogenesis of experimental Mycoplasma hyosynoviae arthritis in pigs. The experimental inoculations were designed to provide information about systemic spread, the persistence of subclinical infection, and the length of time for which the mycoplasma is cultivable from synovial fluids and other tissues. In this article we report on the clinical response to infection and the results obtained from re‐isolation attempts.In three inoculation experiments with M. hyosynoviae, clinical arthritis was produced by intravenous and by intranasal exposure as well as by pen‐contact in 12 out of 23 exposed pigs. The infection was transmitted from persistent carrier pigs to non‐infected pigs by pen‐contact. The incubation period until development of clinical arthritis was 4–9 days for all routes of exposure, and the symptoms were of variable severity. In half of the cases the onset was acute and the lameness severe, typically involving the hindlegs and with affected pigs assuming a dog‐sitting position. A systemic phase was found in the majority (86 %) of the pigs. However, the infection was in two cases established in the tonsils without detection of a systemic phase. An apparent persistent infection of the tonsils became established in all the pigs. M. hyosynoviae spreads via the blood to different organs from which it could be re‐isolated during the acute phase of the infection. In general, M. hyosynoviae was recovered from joints from day 3 until day 21 post‐exposure, but longer persistence of viable mycoplasmas in joints or regional lymph nodes in the chronic phases of the infection appeared to have taken place in a few pigs.
Comparative Studies in the Promoter and Exon 1 Regions of Tumour Suppressor p53 in Several Mammalian Species: Absence of Mutations in a Panel of Spontaneous Domestic Animal Tumours
Authors: Mayr B. , Resch S. , Hepperle S. , Brem G. , Reifinger M. , Schaffner G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTumour suppressor p53 is critical in a broad panel of tumour types in human, mouse and other mammals. Regions of the promoter and exon 1 play an important role in expression of p53. In the present study, the DNA sequences of promoter and exon 1 regions of four domestic animal species (dog, cat, horse and cattle) are determined and compared with experimental rodents (mouse, rat and hamster) and man. A broad panel of tumour types have been investigated for mutations in this regulatory area in 90 canine, 136 feline, 25 equine and 10 bovine patients. No mutation was detected in any of the tumours analysed.
Caudomedial Approach for Removal of an Ununited Anconeal Process and Assessment of the Medial Coronoid Process of the Ulna
Authors: Meyer‐Lindenberg A. , Staszyk C. , Gasse H . , Fehr M . , Nolte I . 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA caudomedial approach that allows the removal of an ununited anconeal process (UAP) is described. Intraoperative examination of the medial part of the joint to diagnose a fragmented coronoid process (FCP) is also possible using the same approach. Sixty‐two joints (53 dogs) with UAP and various degrees of arthrosis were included in the study. In all joints the UAP could be removed via the caudomedial approach and the medial coronoid process could be inspected after extending the incision of the joint capsule distally. In eight cases a FCP was diagnosed and removed either by the caudomedial or by a medial approach. The results of the present study show that an UAP can occur simultaneously with a FCP in the same joint and that inspection of the medial part of the joint is useful.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Reticular Motility in Cows after Administration of Atropine, Scopolamine and Xylazine*
Authors: Braun U. , Gansohr B. , Haessig M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of various dosages and routes of administration of atropine, scopolamine and xylazine on reticular motility in cows. Groups of five cows received atropine, scopolamine or xylazine at dosages varying from 0.01 to 0.20 mg/kg. The drugs were administered intramuscularly and intravenously; atropine was also given subcutaneously. A total of 17 trials, each using five cows, were carried out. Reticular motility was assessed for 3 min immediately prior to the administration of a drug and for 21 min after administration, and the latter period was divided into seven 3‐min intervals. The motility was further assessed during 3‐min periods every 10 min starting 28 min and ending 141 min after administration of a drug. During each 3‐min interval, the number of reticular contractions or the occurrence of reticular atony was determined. Onset and duration of reticular atony were assessed. All three drugs inhibited reticular motility but onset varied with route of administration and dosage. As expected, the onset of reticular atony occurred most rapidly after intravenous administration of each drug, followed by intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. Reticular atony occurred 0–3.0 min after the intravenous administration of each drug and at all dosages except the lowest dosage of atropine. Atony lasted for 3–111 min. Reticular atony occurred 3–18 min and 9–15 min after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, respectively. It lasted 32–108 min and 39–122 min for the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes, respectively. For each drug, higher dosages resulted in a more rapid onset and longer duration of reticular atony than did lower dosages. This study demonstrated that administration of atropine, scopolamine and xylazine results in reticular atony. Whether this has clinical relevance requires further investigation.
Effects of Palm Oil on Lipid Peroxidation, Reduced Glutathione, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Vitamin A Levels in theCorpus uteri,Cornu uteriandCorpus luteumof Young and Adult Female Sheep
Authors: YILDIZ S. , NAZIROGLU M. , KAYA I. , AYDILEK N. , YUCE A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of the current study was to determine whether a rumen protected palm oil based diet affect malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), reduced glutathione (rGSH) and vitamin A levels in the tissues ofcornu uteri,corpus uteriandcorpus luteumover the barley based isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diet, and whether the response is different between ewes and ewe‐lambs. During the breeding season, half of Morkaraman ewes (2–4‐year‐old,n=10) and ewe‐lambs (7–8‐months‐old,n=10) was offered a barley based diet and the other half was offered a protected palm oil based diet for 42 ± 0.7 days. At the end of the experiment all animals were slaughtered and measurements carried out in the tissues collected. In all animals tested,cornu uterihad the highest MDA levels followed bycorpus uteriandcorpus luteum(P<0.01) but no differences were between the tissues observed in GSH‐Px and rGSH levels (P>0.05). Vitamin A levels were, however, higher incorpus luteumthan incornu uteriandcorpus uteri(P<0.05).Corpus uteriMDA levels were not different (P>0.05) but rGSH levels were higher for the palm oil fed groups (P<0.05). GSH‐Px and rGSH levels were higher for ewe‐lambs than ewes (P<0.05).In conclusion, it appears that MDA, rGSH, GSH‐Px, and vitamin A work in a different fashion forcorpus uteri,cornu uteriandcorpus luteum, and for ewes and ewe‐lambs. Dietary palm oil did not significantly affect the parameters studied except higher rGSH levels incorpus uteri. Levels of anti‐oxidatively active substances, such as rGSH and GSH‐Px were lower in ewes compared with those in ewe‐lambs.
Metastasizing Fibrosarcoma in a Wistar Rat – Case Report
Authors: Wöhrmann T. , Teredesai A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA 19‐month‐old male control Wistar rat from a 30‐month inhalation study showed a subcutaneous greyish‐white mass extending from the throat to the thoracic cavity. The rat had been euthanized because of its poor general condition. Histologically, the mass was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma infiltrating the masseter muscle with metastases in the lungs, liver and heart. The primary tumour was characterized by fusiform spindle cells producing various amounts of interlacing bundles of collagen. The cells formed a characteristic herringbone pattern and mitotic figures were frequent. The histological parameters of the metastases were practically identical to those seen in the primary tumour. The diagnosis was confirmed by trichrome staining and positive immunostaining for vimentin and was differentiated from leiomyosarcomas by its negative immunostaining for desmin, from schwannomas by its negative immunostaining for S‐100 and from malignant fibrous histiocytomas by the absence of giant cells. The incidence of fibrosarcomas in Wistar rats is very low (up to 3%) and metastasis is rarely observed.
Diurnal Variation and the Effect of Feed Restriction on Plasma and Milk Metabolites in TMR‐fed Dairy Cows
Authors: Nielsen N. I. , Ingvartsen K. L. , Larsen T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe objective was to study the diurnal variation in metabolites in plasma and milk of dairy cows fed total mixed rations (TMR) with a low‐energy (LE) or high‐energy content (HE) expected to give a minor and a major diurnal variation, respectively. Further, the purpose was to quantify and compare the responses in plasma and milk parameters when cows changed fromad libitumto restrictive feeding. Eight multiparous, early‐lactating Danish Holstein cows were used in a cross‐over design with two consecutive 14‐day periods. Blood and milk samples were collected hourly on day 11 of each period and on days 12–14 of each period, the cows were fed restrictively (65% ofad libitumdry‐matter intake). The concentration ofβ‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in plasma was significantly higher in the evening for cows fed the HE TMR, than for cows fed the LE TMR. There was a significant diurnal variation in BHB in milk, with the highest concentrations between milkings and the lowest concentrations at milking. Non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma showed significant diurnal variation that was caused by high concentrations in the morning. Plasma glucose did not show any diurnal variation. It has been argued that feeding a TMR removes diurnal changes related to feeding, which is contrary to earlier diurnal studies where concentrates have been fed twice daily. Feed restriction increased (P < 0.001) NEFA and BHB in plasma by 121 and 90%, respectively, while the glucose concentration decreased (P < 0.001) by 19%. Milk concentrations of BHB, citrate and fat increased (P < 0.001) by 163, 11 and 26%, respectively, because of feed restriction, while there were no changes in milk protein and lactose. The relatively high increase in BHB during feed restriction suggests that BHB is more advantageous as a milk indicator of metabolic status in dairy cows than citrate and fat.
Effects of A Hypertonic Saline Solution and Dextran 70 Combination in the Treatment of Diarrhoeic Dehydrated Calves
Authors: Şentürk S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThirty dehydrated diarrheic calves aged 2–45 days were used to study the effects of small volume intravenous 7.2% hypertonic saline and 6% dextran 70 solution in combination with alkalinising oral fluids and to compare this therapy with the large volume intravenous isotonic saline with alkalinising oral fluid treatment. This study included a total of 30 diarrhoeic dehydrated calves aged 2–45 days. After routine clinical and haematological examinations, the calves were allotted to two treatment groups. Isotonic saline solution (32 ml/kg, i.v.) with an oral electrolyte solution (22 ml/kg, p.o.) were administered to group I (control), and the combination of 7.2% hypertonic saline in 6% dextran 70 solutions (HSD) (4 ml/kg, i.v.) with an oral electrolyte solution (50 ml/kg, p.o.) were administered to group II (test). Additionally, an oral electrolyte solution (50 ml/kg, p.o.) was readministered to both groups at 12 h of the study.The clinical and haematological examinations of all calves were performed both before and after the treatment at the 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h. The capillary refill time, peripheral pulse quality, dehydration degrees, mental status, haematocrit rates, haemoglobin and plasma values after treatment were found to be statistically different compared with the values before treatment. In comparison with group I, group II is observed to have shorter capillary refill time at 1, 4 and 12 h (P < 0.001) and better peripheral pulse quality at 1/2 (P < 0.05), 1, 2, 4 and 12 h (P < 0.001). Moreover, the degree of dehydration in group II, was significantly improved at 2 (P < 0.01), 4 and 12 h. Results of the study indicated that administration of low volumes of hypertonic sodium chloride and dextran 70 solution combinations with oral electrolyte solutions was concluded as quicker, practical, economical and most importantly an effective way for the treatment of dehydrated diarrhoeic calves.
Does Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Potentiate Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection in Weaner Pigs?
Authors: Depner K. R. , Lange E. , Pontrakulpipat S. , Fichtner D. 
Published: March 2003

Fifteen 6‐week‐old crossbred weaners weighing about 12 kg each were randomly divided into three groups of five animals each. One group of pigs was inoculated first with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and then 3 days later with CSF virus. The second group received classical swine fever (CSF) virus, while the third group was inoculated with PRRS virus only. The aim of the experiment was to determine whether a primary PRRS virus infection influences the clinical outcome of experimentally induced CSF in young pigs.The PRRS virus infected weaners developed mild respiratory symptoms and recovered completely. All five weaners which were inoculated with CSF virus only showed severe clinical signs typical of the acute form of CSF. One pig had to be killed 15 days post‐inoculation (p.i.); the remaining four died between the 18th and 22nd day p.i. The clinical course of the animals inoculated with both viruses was slightly different from that of the pigs that received only CSF virus. Four out of five pigs from the PRRS/CSF group became febrile and viraemic earlier than the animals which received CSF virus only. These pigs had to be killed 15–17 days post CSF virus inoculation. One animal in this group survived the acute phase of CSF and recovered completely. It was concluded that the observed divergences of the clinical courses would not have been noticed under field conditions. Therefore these findings cast doubt on the relevance of PRRS virus infection potentiating significantly the clinical outcome of CSF in young pigs.
Study on Risk Factors and their Association with Subclinical Mastitis in Lactating Dairy Cows in Trinidad
Authors: Romain H.T. , Adesiyun A.A. , Webb L.A. , Lauckner F.B. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA cross‐sectional study was conducted on dairy farms in eight milking centres in Trinidad to determine the prevalence of risk factors for mastitis and to assess their relationship to occurrence of subclinical mastitis. The California mastitis test (CMT) was used to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis by estimating the somatic cell counts in bulk and composite milk. Of a total of 177 dairy farms studied, 121 (68.4 %), 39 (22.0 %) and 17 (9.6 %) practised semi‐intensive, extensive and intensive management systems, respectively. A total of 129 (72.9 %), 37 (20.9 %) and 11 (6.2 %) farms milked cows in parlours, stanchions and pasture/out‐on‐field, respectively. Based on sanitary practices, 40 (22.6 %), 123 (69.5 %), and 14 (7.9 %) farms were classified as good, fair, and poor, respectively, while 76 (42.9 %) and 60 (33.9 %) farms reported to rarely experience and frequently experience water shortages, respectively. Amongst the 177 farms, only seven (4.0 %) used machine‐milking primarily, 152 (85.9 %) screened for mastitis as a routine, 18 (10.2 %) teat dipped, and 49 (27.7 %) practised dry cow therapy. To detect mastitis, of 152 farms involved, 20 (13.2 %) used the strip cup while only two (1.3 %) employed the CMT. Pipe‐borne water delivered directly from the hose was the only source of water to 91 (51.4 %) farms while seven (4.0 %) and eight (4.5 %) farms used only well and surface water (ponds and rivers), respectively. Based on bulk milk samples, the farm prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 60.5 % (107 of 177) with a range from 33.3 % (centre 5H) to 100.0 % (centre 2B). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01; χ2). However, using composite milk, the farm prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 52.5 % (93 of 177) with a range from 21.2 % (centre 5H) to 92.9 % (centre 2B) and again, the difference in prevalence was statistically significant (P < 0.001; χ2). Subclinical mastitis was detected in 150 (45.0 %) of 333 lactating cows screened and the range of prevalence was from 17.9 % (centre 5H) to 56.3 % (centre 1C). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001; χ2). Of a total of 14 risk factors for mastitis studied which were related to animal husbandry, personnel, mastitis control and water, only two, the herd size and practice of dry cow therapy were significantly (P < 0.05; χ2) associated with subclinical mastitis.It was concluded that the high prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Trinidad dairy herds could significantly reduce milk production with associated economic loss. Although a majority of the risk factors studied were not found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis possibly due to confounding factors, the need to eliminate or reduce these risk factors cannot be over‐emphasized.
Studies on the Modulation of Leucocyte Subpopulations and Immunoglobulins following Intramammary Infusion of β1,3‐glucan into the Bovine Udder during the Dry Period
Authors: Inchaisri C. , Persson Waller K. , Johannisson A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryInflammatory and immunological reactions after intramammary infusion of β1,3‐glucan were studied during the steady dry period and involution phase of the bovine udder. The effects of a single intramammary infusion of two different doses (100 and 200 mg) of β1,3‐glucan were evaluated during the steady dry period. In a second study, the effects of β1,3‐glucan at drying off were studied by using two treatment regimens; a single infusion at drying off, compared with two infusions of the compound, at drying off and again 2 weeks later.Total and differential leucocyte counts were measured in both blood and udder secretions. Additionally, the expression of receptors for CD14 and MHC class II on leucocytes, and the expression of receptors for CD4, CD8, WC1, IL2R and B‐cells on lymphocytes was measured in mammary secretions by flow cytometric analyses. The concentrations of immunoglobulins in udder secretions were measured by radial immunodiffusion.The results showed that a single intramammary infusion of β1,3‐glucan during the steady dry period causes transient enhancement of some aspects of the inflammatory and immune responses. The increases in somatic cell counts, numbers of monocytes/macrophages, and in proportions of CD14 + and MHC class II + leucocytes in udder secretions were dose‐dependent. Infusion of β1,3‐glucan also slightly increased the proportion of CD4 + lymphocytes and the concentrations of IgG1and IgG2in dry secretions. Infusion of β1,3‐glucan at drying off seemed to accelerate the involution process through an increase in somatic cells, particularly in the numbers of macrophages, in mammary secretions. The numbers of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, the proportions of IL2R + lymphocytes, the proportions of CD14 + or MHC class II + leucocytes and the concentrations of IgG1and IgG2also increased in comparison with untreated controls. Moreover, a second infusion of β1,3‐glucan tended to prolong this response, indicating that this might be an effective means of enhancing the mammary defence against udder infections closer to calving.In conclusion, the results indicate that intramammary infusion of β1,3‐glucan could be used to enhance the defence mechanisms of the bovine udder against infections, especially during early involution.
High Mortality Rate Associated with Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection in Belgian White Blue Calves Previously Vaccinated with an Inactivated BRSV Vaccine
Authors: Schreiber P. , Matheise J. P. , Dessy F. , Heimann M. , Letesson J. J. , Coppe P. , Collard A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn a group of 60 Belgian White Blue calves less than 8 months old still housed in barns, a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) outbreak was revealed on the basis of a direct diagnosis (immunofluorescence and virus isolation) performed on the lungs of dead animals, and the kinetics of BRSV neutralizing antibodies. Clinical signs, macroscopical and microscopical pulmonary lesions were also compatible with a BRSV infection. This outbreak is peculiar because the 35 oldest calves (204 ± 29 days old) had been vaccinated 3–4 months before with an inactivated BRSV vaccine and 30 % of these animals had died of respiratory distress. While they experienced a mild respiratory symptomatology, no death was recorded among the 25 youngest calves (69 ± 29 days old) which had been left unvaccinated. Another peculiarity was found at the histological level where a massive infiltration of eosinophils was demonstrated in the pulmonary tissues of the dead animals. Together these data parallel the dramatic story described 30 years ago in children previously vaccinated with a formalin‐inactivated human RSV (HRSV) vaccine upon a natural HRSV challenge. This illustrates that an immunopathological phenomenon also takes place after BRSV vaccination in cattle.