bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-driven Discovery of Celecoxib and Dexamethasone for Exploring their Mode of Action as Human Interleukin (IL-6) Inhibitors to Treat COVID-19-induced Cytokine Storm in Humans
Authors: Shamkh Israa M. , Elkazzaz Mahmoud , Radwan Enas. S. , Najeeb Jawayria , Rehman Md. Tabish , AlAjmi Mohamed F. , Shahwan Moayad , Sufyan Muhammad , Alaqeel Nouf Khalifa , Ibrahim Ibrahim A. , Jabbar Basit , Khan Mohammad Shahbaz , Karpiński Tomasz M. , Haikal Abdullah , Aljowaie Reem M. , Almutairi Saeedah Musaed , Ahmed Amr 
Published: November 2023

Background::
In the case of COVID-19 patients, it has been observed that the immune system of
the infected person exhibits an extreme inflammatory response known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS)
where the inflammatory cytokines are swiftly produced in quite large amounts in response to infective stimuli.
Numerous case studies of COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms have documented the presence of higher
plasma concentrations of human interleukin-6 (IL-6), which suggests that IL-6 is a crucial factor in the pathophysiology
of the disease. In order to prevent CRS in COVID-19 patients, the drugs that can exhibit binding
interactions with IL-6 and block the signaling pathways to decrease the IL-6 activity may be repurposed.

Methods::
This research work focused on molecular docking-based screening of the drugs celecoxib (CXB)
and dexamethasone (DME) to explore their potential to interact with the binding sites of IL-6 protein and reduce
the hyper-activation of IL-6 in the infected personnel.

Results::
Both of the drugs were observed to bind with the IL-6 (IL-6 receptor alpha chain) and IL-6Rα receptor
with the respective affinities of -7.3 kcal/mol and -6.3 kcal/mol, respectively, for CXB and DME. Moreover,
various types of binding interactions of the drugs with the target proteins were also observed in the docking
studies. The dynamic behaviors of IL-6/IL-6Rα in complex with the drugs were also explored through molecular
dynamics simulation analysis. The results indicated significant stabilities of the acquired drug-protein
complexes up to 100 ns.

Conclusion::
The findings of this study have suggested the potential of the drugs studied to be utilized as antagonists
for countering CRS in COVID-19 ailment. This study presents the studied drugs as promising candidates
both for the clinical and pre-clinical treatment of COVID-19.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Indole Derivatives as Anti-oomycetes Agents
Authors: Hai Fei , Wei Ruxue , Li Yan , Wang Ruiguang , Tian Yuee , Liu Shengming , Chen Genqiang , Che Zhiping 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Developing high-efficiency and low-risk small-molecule green fungicide
is the key to effective control of the plant pathogenic oomycetes. Indole is an important raw
material for drug synthesis. Due to its unique structural skeleton, indole, and its derivatives have
exhibited a wide range of biological activities. However, a study on the synthesis of novel indole
derivatives as fungicidal agents against Phytophthora capsici has not yet been reported.

Methods:
The important intermediates 2a-c and 3a-c were synthesized in high yields by Vilsmeier-
Haack and Knoevenagel reactions with indole as the lead compound. Furthermore, different
substituted benzenesulfonyl groups were introduced into the NH position of the indole ring,
and twelve indole derivatives (I-a-l) were prepared. Their structures were well characterized by
1H NMR, HRMS, and melting point.

Results:
The results showed that 2-[(N-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-indole-3)-methylene]-diethyl
malonate (I-d) and 2-[(N-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-5-cyanoindole-3)-methylene]-diethyl malonate
(I-l) showed more anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici than the commercialized fungicide
zoxamide, with corresponding EC50 values of 26.53, 23.48 and 28.16 mg/L, respectively,
and the protective effect of the compounds against P. capsici in vivo further confirmed the above
results.

Conclusion:
The preliminary structure-activity relationship showed that the formyl group modification
at the C-3 position of the indole ring was acceptable, and the different anti-oomycete activities
of R1 and R2 were significantly different, with R1 being 5-CN > H > 6-Me, and R2 being
4-NO2 > 3-NO2, H > 4-Me.
Bioconjugation Techniques for Enhancing Stability and Targeting
Efficiency of Protein and Peptide Therapeutics
Authors: Bisht Tanuja , Adhikari Anupriya , Patil Shivanand , Dhoundiyal Shivang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Bioconjugation techniques have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing the stability
and targeting efficiency of protein and peptide therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive
analysis of the various bioconjugation strategies employed in the field. The introduction highlights
the significance of bioconjugation techniques in addressing stability and targeting challenges
associated with protein and peptide-based drugs. Chemical and enzymatic bioconjugation
methods are discussed, along with crosslinking strategies for covalent attachment and site-specific
conjugation approaches. The role of bioconjugation in improving stability profiles is explored,
showcasing case studies that demonstrate successful stability enhancement. Furthermore, bioconjugation
techniques for ligand attachment and targeting are presented, accompanied by examples
of targeted protein and peptide therapeutics. The review also covers bioconjugation approaches for
prolonging circulation and controlled release, focusing on strategies to extend half-life, reduce
clearance, and design-controlled release systems. Analytical characterization techniques for bioconjugates,
including the evaluation of conjugation efficiency, stability, and assessment of biological
activity and targeting efficiency, are thoroughly examined. In vivo considerations and clinical
applications of bioconjugated protein and peptide therapeutics, including pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic considerations, as well as preclinical and clinical developments, are discussed.
Finally, the review concludes with an overview of future perspectives, emphasizing the potential
for novel conjugation methods and advanced targeting strategies to further enhance the stability
and targeting efficiency of protein and peptide therapeutics.
N-acetylation of Aromatic Amines by One-pot Route
Authors: Guo Zhongqi , Fan Wenxu , Ablajan Keyume 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
In this study, a simple one-pot synthesis of acetamides from aromatic amines and acetonitrile
in the presence of H2O and K2S2O8 is presented. The reaction proceeds in a mixed solvent
(CH3CN: DMSO, 3:1) without using metals or toxic reagents. Various N-acetanilides are obtained
with 53-91% yields. The method is selective for aromatic amines, with aliphatic amines remaining intact.
This represents a new, efficient, and economical method for the synthesis of a range of acetamides.
Screening and Analysis of Skin Cancer Treatment Using Biocomponents of
Plants Using Backpropagation Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Soni Urvashi , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Singh Kuldeep , Khandelwal Girdhar 
Published: November 2023

:
In recent years, the use of natural compounds derived from plants for the treatment of skin
cancer has gained significant attention due to their potential therapeutic effects and minimal side effects.
This review focuses on the innovative approach of utilizing biocomponents sourced from plants
in combination with backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) for the screening and analysis of skin
cancer treatments. The integration of plant-derived compounds and AI-driven algorithms holds promise
for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of skin cancer therapies. The review begins by highlighting
the escalating global burden of skin cancer and the limitations of conventional treatment approaches.
With the rise in concerns about the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, researchers have
turned their attention towards exploring the therapeutic potential of plant-derived biocomponents.
These natural compounds are known for their rich bioactive constituents that exhibit anti-cancer
properties, making them suitable candidates for skin cancer treatment. One of the key challenges in
harnessing the potential of plant-derived compounds is the need for accurate screening and analysis
of their effects. This is where backpropagation neural networks, a type of artificial neural network,
comes into play. These networks can process complex data and recognize intricate patterns, enabling
them to predict the efficacy of various biocomponents in combating skin cancer. The review delves
into the functioning of BPNN and its applications in drug discovery and treatment evaluation. Furthermore,
the review explores several case studies that demonstrate the successful integration of
plant-derived compounds with BPNN in the context of skin cancer treatment. These studies provide
evidence of how this synergistic approach can lead to improved treatment outcomes by minimizing
adverse effects and maximizing therapeutic benefits. The methodology section discusses the steps
involved in training the neural network using relevant datasets and optimizing its performance for
accurate predictions. While the integration of plant-derived compounds and BPNN shows great
promise, the review also addresses the existing challenges and limitations. These include the need for
comprehensive and standardized datasets, potential biases in training data, and the complexity of neural
network architectures. The regulatory considerations surrounding plant-based therapies are also
discussed, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing and validation.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Clinical Features, Risk Factors, and Treatment
Options
Authors: Mishra Sudhanshu , Vishwakarma Pratik Kumar , Tripathi Mridani , Ojha Smriti , Tripathi Shivendra Mani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes that affects the eyes and
can lead to severe vision loss or blindness if left untreated. Chronic hyperglycemia destroys the
blood vessels in the retina, resulting in diabetic retinopathy. The damage can lead to leakage of
fluid and blood into the retina, causing edema, hemorrhages, and ischemia. A thorough evaluation
by an ophthalmologist is necessary to determine the most appropriate course of treatment
for each patient with diabetic retinopathy. The article discusses various surgical treatment options
for diabetic retinopathy, including vitrectomy, scleral buckling, epiretinal membrane peeling,
retinal detachment repair, and the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. These surgical techniques
can help to address the underlying causes of vision loss and prevent further complications
from developing or worsening. To avoid complications and maintain vision, this review emphasizes
the significance of early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Patients with diabetic
retinopathy can improve their eyesight and quality of life with the help of some surgical
treatments. The article also highlights some case studies in the field of diabetic retinopathy.
A Mechanistic Approach on Structural, Analytical and Pharmacological
Potential of Beta-sitosterol: A Promising Nutraceutical
Authors: Dwivedi Jyotsana , Sachan Pranjal , Wal Pranay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Phytosterols are bioactive substances that are found spontaneously in the cell membranes
of plants and have an atomic composition similar to cholesterol produced by vertebrate
cells. They are widely distributed in dietary lipids from plants such as nuts, seeds, and beans with
olive oil. β-sitosterol has a variation of pharmacological belongings, with analgesic, immunomodulatory,
antiseptic, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol decreasing, hepatoprotective, and
protecting action concerning respiratory and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease illnesses, antioxidant,
and anti-diabetic activity. Clinical studies on humans have shown that it works against prostate
cancer and has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Pharmacological testing of β-sitosterol
demonstrated a range of actions including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive,
anticancer, antifertility, angiogenic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, diabetes-fighting, and
anticancer without significant toxicity. Several formulations have been created by numerous authors,
but there are few scholarly reviews of the analytical, pharmacology, and phytochemistry
methodologies for this molecule. In this review the literature on β-sitosterol, its biosynthesis, pharmacology,
nutraceutical applications, toxicity, formulations, and analytical techniques are all highlighted.
Wound Healing, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Quercetin
Loaded Banana Starch Nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Sharma Pramod Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Quercetin belongs to the BCS Class IV of drugs, which means it ex-hibits low solubility and low permeability. Quercetin is a potent antioxidant drug candidate, but it has several drawbacks, such as a short half-life, poor stability, bioavailability, and solubility. These factors affect its reliability as a good wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent. Quercetin nanoparticles resolved these problems and offered high stability, high encap-sulation efficacy, sustained and prolonged release, and enhanced accumulation at target sites with high therapeutic efficacy.

Methods:
Banana starch and quercetin were used to formulate a new composition of nanoparti-cles. Formulated QBSN were evaluated for their antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflam-matory potential.

Results:
QBSN showed a good antioxidant effect against the DPPH free radical scavenging model. Inhibition of DPPH free radicals reached up to 98 percent at 40 μl. Histopathological studies of treated tissues (wound and paw edema) confirmed the potential of QBSN.

Conclusion:
In the future, prepared nanoparticles may be the choice of drug formulation for wound healing, anti-inflammatory therapy, and antioxidant therapy.
Combined Administration of Metformin and Vitamin D: A Futuristic Approach for Management of Hyperglycemia
Authors: Tyagi Sakshi , Mani Shalini 
Published: November 2023

:
Diabetes is a series of metabolic disorders that can be categorized into three types depending
on different aspects associated with age at onset, intensity of insulin resistance, and beta-
cell dysfunction: Type 1 and 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus (T2DM) has recently been found to account for more than 85% of diabetic cases. The
current review intends to raise awareness among clinicians/researchers that combining vitamin
D3 with metformin may pave the way for better T2DM treatment and management. An extensive
literature survey was performed to analyze vitamin D’s role in regulating insulin secretion, their
action on the target cells and thus maintaining the normal glucose level. On the other side, the
anti-hyperglycemic effect of metformin as well as its detailed mechanism of action was also
studied. Interestingly both compounds are known to exhibit the antioxidant effect too. Literature
supporting the correlation between diabetic phenotypes and deficiency of vitamin D was also explored
further. To thoroughly understand the common/overlapping pathways responsible for the
antidiabetic as well as antioxidant nature of metformin and vitamin D3, we compared their antihyperglycemic
and antioxidant activities. With this background, we are proposing the hypothesis that
it would be of great interest if these two compounds could work in synergy to better manage the
condition of T2DM and associated disorders.
Metabolic Disorder Therapeutics and their Effects on Memory
Authors: Aggarwal Punita , Khan Faiz , Banerjee Sugato 
Published: November 2023

abstract:
Diabetes is one of the major metabolic disorders of this era. It not only impacts a person's
lifestyle but also has a long-term impact on the brain. It has a detrimental effect on a person's health
when combined with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Several studies have suggested that the incidence
of dementia is higher in people with metabolic syndrome. Investigations are underway to
determine whether antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hypercholesteraemic, anti-hypertensive, and other
combination medicines can minimize the incidence of cognitive impairment. Some studies have
suggested that anti-diabetic drugs like metformin, liraglutide, and dapagliflozin might enhance
memory in long-term users. At the same time, other studies indicate that long-term insulin use may
cause memory decline. Similarly, drugs like ACEIs, CCBs, fibrates, statins, and various nutraceuticals
have been shown to improve cognition via multiple mechanisms. Literature suggests that drugs
that can treat metabolic syndrome can also partially reduce the accumulation of beta-amyloid,
whereas some studies contradict these findings. We review the past thirty years' of research work
and summarize the effects of most commonly used drugs and nutraceuticals for treating metabolic
syndrome on memory. Here, we review the effects of antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive,
and hypercholesteremic, and their combination in learning and memory.
Current Perspective and Mechanistic Insights on Bioactive Plant Secondary
Metabolites for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Grewal Jyotika , Kumar Vijay , Gandhi Yashika , Rawat Hemant , Singh Ravindra , Singh Arjun , Narasimhaji Ch. V. , Acharya Rabinarayan , Mishra Sujeet K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most prevalent medical conditions of
modern era and are one of the primary causes of adult mortality in both developing and developed
countries. Conventional medications such as use of aspirin, beta-blockers, statins and angiotensin-
converting enzyme inhibitors involve use of drugs with many antagonistic effects.
Hence, alternative therapies which are safe, effective, and relatively cheap are increasingly being
investigated for the treatment and prevention of CVDs. The secondary metabolites of medicinal
plants contain several bioactive compounds which have emerged as alternatives to toxic modern
medicines. The detrimental effects of CVDs can be mitigated via the use of various bioactive
phytochemicals such as catechin, isoflavones, quercetin etc. present in medicinal plants. Current
review intends to accumulate previously published data over the years using online databases
concerning herbal plant based secondary metabolites that can help in inhibition and treatment of
CVDs. An in-depth review of various phytochemical constituents with therapeutic actions such
as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective properties
has been delineated. An attempt has been made to provide a probable mechanistic overview
for the pertinent phytoconstituent which will help in achieving a better prognosis and effective
treatment for CVDs.
Arsenic Exposure and Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing: A Focus on
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sharma Ravikant , Abubakar Md. , Bisht Priya , Rachamalla Mahesh , Kumar Arun , Murti Krishna , Ravichandiran Velayutham , Kumar Nitesh 
Published: November 2023

Background::
Arsenic is present in above permissible safe limits in groundwater, soil, and food, in various areas of the world. This is increasing exposure to
humankind and affecting health in various ways. Alternation in cognition is one among them. Epidemiological research has reflected the impact of
arsenic exposure on children in the form of diminished cognition.

Aims::
Considering this fact, the present study reviewed the impact of arsenic on amyloid precursor protein, which is known to cause one of the
commonest cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods::
The present study reviews the arsenic role in the generation of amyloid-beta from its precursor that leads to Alzheimer’s disease through the
published article from Pubmed and Scopus.

Description::
According to the findings, regular, long-term exposure to arsenic beginning in infancy changes numerous arsenic level-regulating regions in the rat
brain, which are related to cognitive impairments. Arsenic also affects the BBB clearance route by increasing RAGE expression. Arsenic triggers
the proamyloidogenic pathway by increasing APP expression and subsequently, its processing by β-secretase and presenilin. Arsenic also affects
mitochondrial dynamics, DNA repair pathway and epigenetic changes. The mechanism behind all these changes is explained in the present review
article.

Conclusion::
A raised level of arsenic exposure affects the amyloid precursor protein, a factor for the early precipitation of Alzheimer’s disease.
Implementation of a Robust Framework for Low Power Approximate
Multiplier Using Novel 3:2 and 4:2 Compressor for Image Processing
Applications
Authors: Thakur Garima , Sohal Harsh , Jain Shruti 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The technique of approximation allows for a trade-off between accuracy,
speed, area use, and power usage. It is essential in applications that can withstand errors because
even a modest accuracy loss can have a significant impact on the result.

Methods:
In this research, a novel approximate adder and exact 3:2 and 4:2 compressors are used to
create a power-efficient approximation multiplier. In order to reduce the partial product while keeping
a fair level of accuracy, approximate compressors are used.

Results:
The proposed approximate multiplier performs better in terms of LUTs, area, memory usage,
and power consumption when compared to state-of-the-art work.

Conclusion:
The proposed approximate multiplier is applied to two sets of images for image blending
to validate the results. PSNR values of 25.49 dB and 24.7 dB were attained for set 1 and set 2,
respectively.
A Study on Underwater Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Choudhary Nishant , Goel Neha , Yadav Ravindra Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
In recent years, a potential interest has been developed in exploring and enhancing the
quality of underwater images. The captured underwater images often experience scattering and high
levels of noise due to the properties of light transit within the water and the biotic movement that occurs
inside the ocean bottom. Underwater cameras or devices were fitted inside the unmanned underwater
vehicles (UUVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), remotely operated vehicles
(ROVs), ocean detector networks, etc to see the ocean bottom. Despite being a crucial detector for
keeping an eye on underwater landscapes, modern underwater camera sensors or detectors contain a
number of problems. Numerous solutions to the issues with conventional underwater photography
have been put out during the last five years. With the help of the number of contributions and difficulties
reported by more than 40 researchers in their research article, this study focused to mention
the current underwater image processing methods. This article represents an overview of numerous
underwater image-processing techniques utilized, including underwater picture de-scattering, underwater
image colour refurbishment, and underwater image aspect evaluations. Also, the latest trends,
problems, and challenges for creating and processing underwater image sensors were discussed.