bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Focal Eosinophilic Enteritis Associated With Small Intestinal Obstruction in 6 Horses
Authors: Southwood Louise L. , Kawcak Chris E. , Trotter Gayle W. , Stashak Ted S. , Frisbie David D. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To report the history, clinical findings, and outcome of horses with idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis associated with acute small intestinal obstruction.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Six horses with idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis.Methods—Retrospective review of medical records of horses with idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis, with acute abdominal pain and small intestinal obstruction, associated with a focal region of eosinophilic enteritis of unknown cause. Information retrieved from the medical records included signalment, physical examination, laboratory findings, surgical procedure, histologic diagnosis, and postoperative management. Outcome was determined by telephone communication with owners.Results—Six horses met the selection criteria. Horses had persistent pain, distended small intestine, and nasogastric reflux. Idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis lesions associated with a small intestinal obstruction were treated surgically by intestinal resection and anastomosis or wedge resection. There were no observed complications associated with extension of the disease from the lesion site. Five horses were alive at follow‐up 5 to 60 months after surgery.Conclusions—Although the cause of these focal eosinophilic enteritis lesions is unknown, the long‐term outcome after lesion resection was favorable.Clinical Relevance—Small intestinal obstruction associated with a focal eosinophilic enteritis lesion may be a cause of acute abdominal pain in horses. Horses apparently have a good prognosis after lesion resection.
Influence of processing conditions and part design on the gas‐assisted injection molding process
Authors: Ong Nan‐Shing , Lee H. L. , Parvez M. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGas‐assisted injection molding has been developed to solve the problems that the conventional injection molding process is not able to. It is believed that the new process is able to produce final parts with higher quality at a more effective cost. Warpage and sink marks are reduced and there is material‐savings to be reaped. This research aims to investigate some of the processing parameters that come with this new process. They include shot size, gas delay time, gas pressure, and melt temperature. The influence of part design is also looked into. Five designs were used in the research and compared. The responses evaluated include gas bubble length, residual wall thickness, bending strength, warpage, and fingering. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 270–280, 2001
Machine invention, innovation, and elementary steps*
Authors: Tadmor Zehev 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe systematic scientific analysis of polymer processing machines leads to the definition of a small number of elementary steps, which in chemical engineering terminology are the “unit operations” of these machines that transcend individual machine configuration and reflect the common experience of the processed material in any type of machine. The elementary steps reveal the detailed specific physical mechanisms that take place in these machines. These mechanisms, in turn, are powerful tools for triggering machine innovation and invention. The proposed methodology consists of two steps: first via the scientific analysis the process is repeatedly decomposed into its constituent elements and then the elements are recombined or reconstructed in a systematic way into either innovative solutions or novel inventions. The methodology, is demonstrated by three case studies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 87–97, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10018
Rheological behavior of polymer melts in monodimensional flow through low‐angle convergence and spiralling dies
Authors: Mascia L. , Schwarzbach T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn experimental study was carried out to examine the rheological behavior of polymer melts in laminar flows through channels with small‐angle convergences (2–3°) and spiralling walls (6°/mm along the flow direction), using an extrusion grade of low‐density polyethylene. The results show that convergence is the main factor responsible for the observed deviations from steady state laminar shear flow, particularly with respect to additional pressure requirements to maintain a constant mass output. The swell ratio, calculated from the dimensions of the channel at the exit, was found to be considerably higher for flow‐through converging channels. Only a small increase in swell ratio could be attributed, on the other hand, to the rotational elements of the die configuration. It is inferred that even for small angles of convergence the increased level of swelling is associated with elongational stress components, which were grouped together and denoted as the “additional stress.” This was obtained from the difference between the calculated average shear stress at the wall, using the recorded pressure at the die entry, and the value of the average shear stress at the wall calculated from the shear viscosity data for the melt. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 99–107, 2001
Whole‐pulmonary low‐dose radiation therapy in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with diffuse lung involvement
Authors: Weinschenker Patrícia , Kutner José M. , Salvajoli João V. , Hanriot Rodrigo M. , Ribeiro Andressa F. , Capelozzi Vera L. , Del Giglio Auro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAgnogenic myeloid metaplasia is a hematologic disorder accompanied by extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) affecting various organs. Lung involvement however is rare. We present the case of a 76‐year‐old woman with myelofibrosis, recurrent pleural effusions, pulmonary hypertension, and serious right cardiac failure. An open lung biopsy confirmed pulmonary EMH. She underwent low‐dose (200 cGy) whole‐lung radiotherapy in 4 fractions of 50 cGy each. Her clinical and hemodynamic parameters improved. We conclude that low‐dose whole‐lung radiation may be efficacious for the palliative treatment of pulmonary EMH. Am. J. Hematol. 69:277–280, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell fusion is not involved in the generation of giant cells in the Hodgkin‐Reed Sternberg cell line L1236
Authors: Re Daniel , Benenson Elena , Beyer Marc , Gresch Oliver , Draube Andreas , Diehl Volker , Wolf Jürgen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mechanism of multinucleated cell formation in Hodgkin's disease has not yet been elucidated. We asked whether the giant multinucleated cells of the H‐RS cell line L1236 develop via fusion of the predominant smaller cells. As a positive control for the fusion assay, human B cells from the B‐cell lymphoma cell line BJA‐B were split into two fractions, stained with the fluorochromes CMTMR and CMFDA, respectively, and fused using the polyethylene glycol 1500 cell hybridization protocol. Double‐stained cells indicating fusion of BJA‐B cells were detectable for up to 5 days. In parallel, L1236 cells were split into two fractions, stained with the fluorochromes, and mixed. No double‐stained L1236 cells were detected. The same result was obtained when using FACS‐sorted small mononuclear L1236 cells. It is thus concluded that the large multinucleated cells of the monoclonal H‐RS cell line L1236 have emerged by endomitosis rather than by spontaneous cell fusion. Am. J. Hematol. 67:6–9, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associations with age at natural menopause in Blackfeet women
Authors: Johnston Susan L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study seeks to determine the age at natural menopause and factors that may predict that age for Blackfeet women living on the reservation in Montana. Data were obtained from a probability sample of 150 women. Rates of surgical menopause among women who had experienced menopause were similar to those found in NHANES I for U.S. women. Median age at natural menopause by the status quo method (51.2 years) was comparable to that determined for other populations. Within the group of women who already had experienced natural menopause, age at menopause was associated in bivariate models with age at menarche (b = −0.83 ± 0.44 years, P = 0.07), household income (b = 1.85 ± 0.71 years, P = 0.01), “ever use” of birth control (b = 4.52 ± 1.58 years, P = 0.008), “ever use” of oral contraceptives (b = 5.48 ± 1.91 years, P = 0.007), current or recent unemployment (b = 4.75 ± 1.97 years, P = 0.02), having been breastfed (b = −6.93 ± 2.67 years), and educational attainment (ANOVA by tertiles of menopause age, mean 10.0 ± 3.6 years of education for earliest, 13.0 ± 2.2 years for latest, P = 0.04). In multivariate models, “ever use” of oral contraceptives, household income, and age at menarche remained significant predictors of age at menopause (R2 = 0.33–0.35, P = 0.002–0.004), with household income modifying the effect of age at menarche (analysis of joint effects). The findings are discussed in the context of cohort experiences, examining implications for both early and later‐life influences on menopause age. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:512–520, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poisoning as a result of barium styphnate explosion*
Authors: Jacobs Ira A. , Taddeo Joseph , Kelly Kathleen , Valenziano Carl 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAcute barium poisoning is most often the result of accidental or suicidal ingestion of the rodenticide, barium carbonate. We describe a trauma patient whose condition was complicated by severe acute barium toxicity from an explosion of the propellant, barium styphnate. In addition to critical injuries, the patient manifested classic signs of barium toxicity including repeated profound hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory failure, prolonged gastrointestinal dysfunction, paralysis, myoclonus, hypertension, and profound lactic acidosis.MethodsThe patient required lidocaine for ventricular bigeminy, massive infusions of potassium, prolonged ventilatory support, and parenteral nutrition to manage the effects of barium toxicity.ResultsHe is the first reported case to demonstrate recurrent profound hypokalemia as an effect of blood transfusions.ConclusionsConsidering the paucity of information concerning management of this life‐threatening problem, the pathophysiology of barium toxicity, including the transfusion related hypokalemia, and its management is reviewed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:285–288, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Camurati‐Engelmann disease type II: Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia with striations of the bones
Authors: Nishimura Gen , Nishimura Hitoshi , Tanaka Yoko , Makita Yoshio , Ikegawa Shiro , Ghadami Mohsen , Kinoshita Akira , Niikawa Norio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe recently found mutations of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) gene (TGFB1) in 9 families, in which progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati‐Engelmann disease) is segregating [Kinoshita et al., 2000: Nat Genetics 26:19–20]. During the study, we encountered two unrelated girls, aged 17 and 11 years, who had clinical manifestations of the disorder, such as marfanoid habitus, waddling gait, muscular weakness, intense leg pain, flexion contracture of the hip and knee joints, delayed sexual development, increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Radiographic studies in the two girls demonstrated not only diaphyseal dysplasia (cortical thickening of the diaphyses) resembling that of progressive diaphyseal dysplasia but also metaphyseal expansion of the long bones, coarse and thick trabeculae of the long and short tubular bones, striations in the spinal, pelvic, and long bones, and cranial sclerosis restricted to the petromastoid regions. These radiographic changes were overall identical with those seen in hyperostosis generalisata with striations of the bones rather than those in progressive diaphyseal dysplasia. Polymerase chain reaction–direct sequencing of all exons and their flanking regions of TGFB1 did not detect any mutations. PCR‐single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of the TGF‐β type 1 receptor gene (TGFBR1) did not demonstrate any aberrant DNA fragments. We concluded from these findings that the two girls we described belong to a unique entity distinct from either of the two disorders. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacogenetics of lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders: Analysis of COMT, MAO‐A, and Gβ3 variants
Authors: Serretti Alessandro , Lorenzi Cristina , Lilli Roberta , Mandelli Laura , Pirovano Adele , Smeraldi Enrico 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe studied the possible association between the prophylactic efficacy of lithium in mood disorders and the following gene variants: catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) G158A, monoamine oxydase A (MAO‐A) 30‐bp repeat, G‐protein β 3‐subunit (Gβ3) C825T. A total of 201 subjects affected by bipolar (n = 160) and major depressive (n = 41) disorder were followed prospectively for an average of 59.8 months and were typed for their gene variants using PCR techniques. COMT, MAO‐A, and Gβ3 variants were not associated with lithium outcome, even when possible stratification effects such as sex, polarity, age at onset, duration of lithium treatment, and previous episodes were included in the model. The pathways influenced by those variants are not therefore involved with long‐term lithium outcome in our sample. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association study between cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) and pathogenesis and psychotic symptoms of mood disorders*
Authors: Tsai Shih‐Jen , Wang Ying‐Chieh , Hong Chen‐Jee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCannabis can induce mood change and sometimes psychotic symptoms in normal persons. In brain, the main active ingredient of cannabis acts via the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CNR1) which is located on chromosome 6q14‐15. Linkage studies have suggested the presence of a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q. In this population based association study, we tested the hypothesis that a microsatellite polymorphism in the promoter region of the CNR1 gene confers susceptibility to mood disorders and psychotic features. We genotyped the CNR1 gene is 154 mood disorder patients and 165 normal controls. The results showed that the triplet repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the CNR1 gene was not likely to be involved in the pathogenesis or in the psychotic symptoms of mood disorders. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Female dominance in captive gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus)
Authors: Radespiel Ute , Zimmermann Elke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFemale dominance or female feeding priority seem to be characteristic for many lemur species, but are rare traits in other primates and mammals in general. The nocturnal lemur species, however, are underrepresented in the quantitative studies on social dominance. The aim of this study is to investigate the pattern of intersexual dominance relationships in the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), a species that is generally thought to possess a number of ancestral lemur traits. The context, distribution, and outcome of intersexual conflicts are analyzed in four captive groups of gray mouse lemurs. Intersexual conflicts occurred in the study groups in different behavioral contexts and were mostly spatial interactions (chasing/fleeing, approach/avoidance). The majority of conflicts were decided, and were in all but one case won by females. This is the first evidence suggesting unconditional female dominance in a cheirogaleid primate. The existence of female dominance in most families of the Lemuriformes suggests it is an ancient trait that evolved in their common ancestor. Am. J. Primatol. 54:181–192, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental variables and dominance rank in adolescent male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)
Authors: Setchell Joanna M. , Dixson Alan F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious research on semifree‐ranging mandrills has shown that the degree of secondary sexual development differs among adult males. While some males are social, brightly colored, and have large testes and high levels of plasma testosterone, other males are peripheral or solitary, and lack fully developed secondary sexual features. In order to determine how these differences among males arise, and to investigate the influence of social factors, we examined the adolescent development of 13 semifree‐ranging male mandrills of known age. Testicular volume began to increase markedly at 5.5 yr, and males began to develop secondary sexual adornments at the age of 6 yr. Males attained adult size and secondary sexual development at an average age of 9 yr. As males developed, they peripheralized, decreasing from 100% group‐associated at 5 yr to 20% at 8 yr. At 9 yr some males reentered the social group and attained alpha rank, while others remained peripheral or solitary. Within this average development, there was marked variation among males in the timing of development. Adolescent males that were dominant for their age had higher testosterone levels, larger testes, and more advanced secondary sexual development than subordinate males. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of differences that occur among adult males, male–male competition, and the evolution of secondary sexual adornments in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 56:9–25, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the milk of callitrichid monkeys differ from that of larger anthropoids?
Authors: Power Michael L. , Oftedal Olav T. , Tardif Suzette D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe generalization that anthropoid primates produce dilute milks that are low in protein and energy is based primarily on data from large monkeys of the families Cebidae and Cercopithecidae, as well as humans. The marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae) are not only much smaller in body size, but also typically raise multiple offspring during a relatively brief lactation. We hypothesized that selection for small body size and high reproductive rate might favor secretion of milk of higher energy and protein concentrations. To test this hypothesis, 46 milk samples collected from 10 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, ca. 350 g) were assayed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), fat, and sugar; and gross energy (GE) was calculated from these constituents. We also assayed five samples collected from three golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia, ca. 700 g) and six samples collected from a single pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea, ca. 150 g) over two lactation periods. All samples were collected between days 10 and 57 post partum, representing mid lactation for these species. The milks of these three species were similar, containing 14.0%, 16.1%, and 13.7% DM; 2.7%, 2.6%, and 2.9% CP; 3.6%, 5.2%, and 3.7% fat; 7.4%, 7.2%, and 7.8% sugar; and 0.76, 0.90, and 0.82 kcal/g for common marmosets, golden lion tamarins, and the pygmy marmoset, respectively. These species produced milks with energy values that were within the range reported for large anthropoids, albeit with slightly higher protein concentration. However, milk composition did vary substantially among individual common marmoset females, especially in the proportion of milk energy derived from fat. In contrast, CP as expressed as a percent of GE was remarkably constant among common marmoset females. Callitrichid milk appeared to be similar to that of larger anthropoid primates in GE, but was higher in CP and in the proportion of GE from CP. However, the small sample sizes for the golden lion tamarin and the pygmy marmoset, and the wide variation in milk composition found among common marmoset females cautions against definitively characterizing the milks of callitrichids from these data. Am. J. Primatol. 56:117–127, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water‐soluble arsenic residues from several arsenolipids occurring in the tissues of the starspotted shark Musterus manazo
Authors: Hanaoka Ken'ichi , Tanaka Yuichi , Nagata Yukari , Yoshida Kenta , Kaise Toshikazu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlkali‐labile and alkali‐stable arsenolipid fractions were prepared from 12 tissues of the starspotted shark Musterus manazo and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled mass spectrometry. At least six arsenolipids were found in the shark. Two major alkali‐labile arsenolipids (a dimethylated arsenic‐containing lipid and an arsenocholine‐containing lipid) were shown in ordinary muscle, dark muscle, heart, bone, skin and stomach, whereas a single major arsenolipid, the dimethylated arsenic‐containing lipid, was shown in the intestine, liver, kidney, spleen and brain. Besides these lipids, four other minor alkali‐labile arsenolipids were present. On the other hand, as for the alkali‐stable arsenolipids, a dimethylated arsenic‐containing lipid and an arsenocholine‐containing lipid were also found in dark muscle, skin, stomach and intestine, whereas only dimethylated arsenic‐containing lipid was found in the liver. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of nano‐Al2O3 particles/polyester/epoxy resin ternary composites
Authors: Cao Y. M. , Sun J. , Yu D. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article presents the results of an experimental study on the preparation and properties of new ternary composites composed of nano‐Al2O3 particles, polyester, and epoxy resin. The ternary composites were prepared by the addition of the nano‐Al2O3 particles in a binary matrix, with elevated viscosity, of the epoxy resin modified by the polyester. The nano‐Al2O3 particles were previously located and dispersed in the polyester phase. The study showed that the ternary system was a type of nanoscale dispersed composite with high strength and toughness as well as modulus, combined with excellent dielectric and heat‐resistance properties. All related properties of the composites were remarkably superior to those of both the binary matrix and the unmodified epoxy resin. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 70–77, 2002
Melt fracture behavior of polypropylene‐type resins with narrow molecular weight distribution. II. Suppression of sharkskin by addition of adhesive resins
Authors: Fujiyama Mitsuyoshi , Inata Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStanding on a hypothesis that the sharkskin of a polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution at extrusion processing originates from a stick‐slip of the polymer at the die wall, the suppression of the sharkskin was tried by means of suppressing the slip by the addition of adhesives. To polypropylene (PP)‐type resins with narrow molecular weight distributions such as a PP‐type thermoplastic elastomer, PER and a controlled rheology PP were added small amounts of adhesives such as maleated PP, maleated PER, reactive polyolefin oligomers, ethylene/ethylacrylate/maleic anhydride (MAH) copolymer, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, and styrene/MAH copolymer, and their melt fracture behaviors at capillary extrusion were observed. It was found that the sharkskin of the PP‐type resins with narrow molecular weight distributions was suppressed by the addition of the adhesive resins with good adhesion to metal. The suppressive effect of the sharkskin was generally the more remarkable by the higher loading of the adhesives with the higher MAH content. This is the direction of increasing adhesion. From this fact, it was assumed that the sharkskin of the PP‐type resins with narrow molecular weight distribution does not originate from a periodic growth and relaxation of tensile stress at the extrudate surface but from a stick‐slip at the die wall. Based on this mechanism, it may be said that the sharkskin can be suppressed by both ways of directions of promoting and suppressing the slip at the die wall. The former way is the previously known method, and the latter way is the method proposed in the present study. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2120–2127, 2002