bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REPRODUCIBILITY OF BIPARIETAL DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED WITH A REAL‐TIME SCANNER
Authors: Osinusi B. O. , Hall A. J. , Adam A. H. , Fleming J. E. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 80 patients, multiple measurements of the fetal biparietal diameter were made during one examination using a real‐time scanner equipped with a coded cephalometer. From the sets of data, the means and standard deviations for the group of 80 patients were calculated. In 80 per cent of cases, the individual standard deviations of the results were less than or equal to the estimated standard deviation of the group as a whole. The variability of measurement related to biparietal diameter was least in the range 59 to 83 mm. Comparison of the results obtained with the coded device and others obtained ‘blind’ does not reveal any significant advantage for the coded device.
FETAL ACTIVITY IN 100 NORMAL THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCIE
Authors: Roberts A. B. , Griffin D. , Mooney R. , Cooper D. J. , Campbell S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence of fetal breathing movements (FBM)*, fetal trunk movements (FTM), and total fetal activity (TFA) was assessed in 100 normal pregnancies between 28 weeks and term. One 30‐minute recording was made from each patient between 0900 and 1700 hours. The mean incidences of FBM, FTM and TFA were respectively 37±26 (SD) per cent, 18±10 per cent, and 53±24 per cent. The mean breathing rate was 48±12 per minute, and the mean number of movements per 30‐minute study period was 29±15. There was a slightly higher incidence of FBM postprandially, but this failed to reach statistical significance. The mean incidence of FBM was lower before 31 weeks and after 40 weeks, compared to that between 31 and 40 weeks, when the values of FBM and FTM were constant. The breathing rate was directly related to gestational age. The mean number of movements per 30‐minute study period was inversely related to gestational age, but the duration of movements increased progressively towards term, so that the incidence of FTM was constant throughout the third trimester. There was only one recording of TFA below 10 per cent.
FETAL ACTIVITY IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY MATERNAL DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Roberts A. B. , Stubbs S. M. , Mooney R. , Cooper D. , Brudenell J. M. , Campbell S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence of fetal breathing movements (FBM), fetal trunk movements (FTM), and total fetal activity (TFA) was assessed in 25 pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus; 20 mothers had been juvenile insulin dependent diabetics, 4 were diagnosed during pregnancy (one of whom required insulin) and there was one other who was changed from chlorpropamide to insulin during the first trimester of pregnancy. Thirty‐minute records were made postprandial between 32 and 38 weeks making a total of 161 recordings. There were 15 well‐controlled insulin‐dependent diabetic women with uncomplicated pregnancies; and in this group the mean percentage incidence of FBM was 60±25 (SD) per cent, FTM 16±10 (SD) per cent and TFA 73±22 (SD) per cent. The mean breathing rate per minute was 53±12 and the mean number of movements per 30‐minute period 29±18. The incidences of FBM and TFA were significantly higher than those found in postprandial recordings in normal pregnancies. There was only one recording out of 115 where the incidence of TFA fell below 10 per cent. The mean percentage incidences of FBM, FTM and TFA were similar in the four uncomplicated pregnancies in which diabetes was diagnosed during pregnancy. The mean percentage incidence of TFA was significantly lower in the six pregnancies with obstetric complications, and levels of TFA below 10 per cent correlated well with abnormal cardiotocograph traces or fetal distress in labour.
CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF PITUITARY PROLACTINOMAS; EVIDENCE FOR BROMOCRIPTINE‐INDUCED REGRESSION
Authors: Hancock K. W. , Scott J. S. , Lamb J. T. , Gibson R. Myles , Chapman C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty‐six women with sustained hyperprolactinaemia, 29 showing radiological abnormality of the pituitary fossa, were managed conservatively; 28 accepted bromocriptine treatment which controlled hyperprolactinaemia in all and was associated with improvement in the radiological appearance of the pituitary in 4 cases. Two of the 8 patients who did not accept bromocriptine showed radiological extension of the pituitary lesion; one showed radiological improvement. Bromocriptine should be regarded as a drug to control the pituitary tumour, not merely one which inhibits the endocrine effects.
ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOUR OF THE OVARY: SERUM ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT AND DURING PREGNANCY CASE REPORT
Authors: Duncan I. D. , Young J. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe report the apparently successful treatment of an endodermal sinus tumour. The patient became pregnant after unilateral oophorectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy, and was delivered of a normal female infant. The levels of serum alphafetoprotein, having been raised before treatment of the tumour, were within the normal range during pregnancy and undetectable before and afterwards.
PULMONARY OEDEMA AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAVENOUS SALBUTAMOL AND ERGOMETRINE CASE REPORT
Authors: Davies Angharad E. , Robertson Margaret J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient in premature labour was treated with an intravenous salbutamol infusion for 56 hours before delivery by Caesarean section. Ergometrine was given 45 minutes after the salbutamol infusion was stopped and the patient developed pulmonary oedema postoperatively. We discuss the pharmacological implications of the interaction between these drugs and their effect on the sympathetic system.
SUPPRESSION OF UTERINE CONTRACTIONS WITH ENOTEROL AND ITS EFFECT ON FETAL TcPo2 IN HUMAN TERM LABOUR
Authors: Schneider H. , Strang Fiona , Hugh R. , Huch A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe significance of spontaneous regular uterine contractions during the first stage of labour for fetal oxygenation was studied in 13 patients at term in uncomplicated pregnancies. The drop in transcutaneous (Po2 (tcPo2) recorded from the fetal scalp which usually followed each contraction correlated significantly with the strength of the contraction but generally was less than 2 mm Hg. The mean fetal tcPo2 in the first stage of spontaneous uncomplicated labour was 16·9±5·2 (SD) mm Hg. Suppression of contractions with intravenous fenoterol for 20 minutes did not give a statistically significant change in mean fetal tcPo2. With the administration of supplementary oxygen to the mother during continued suppression of labour, fetal tcPo2 rose significantly to 21·3±4·7 mm Hg. Maternal mean tcPo2 at the same time climbed from 83·2±10·5 to 235·1±97·8 mm Hg. While the mother responded to the infusion of fenoterol with a rise in heart rate from 92·3±15·2 to 122·8±19·7 beats per minute the fetal heart recording showed no significant change in rate or pattern. It is concluded that in the first stage of normal labour no significant impairment of fetal oxygenation is caused by uterine contractions. An important improvement in oxygen supply to the fetus, however, may be achieved in certain forms of fetal distress in labour by the combined administration of β‐sympathomimetics and supplementary oxygen to the mother.
THE CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF TISSUE pH IN THE HUMAN FETUS DURING LABOUR USING A NEW APPLICATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Flynn Anna M. , Kelly J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe subcutaneous tissue pH (tpH) of 61 fetuses has been measured continuously during labour using the tissue pH electrode designed by Stamm (Stamm et al, 1976) and adapted for use by Roche Medical and Laboratory Systems. These 61 fetuses fell chronologically into two groups: Group 1 comprised 31 fetuses in whom the original method of fixation to the fetal scalp was used, and Group 2 comprised 30 fetuses in whom the fixation apparatus incorporated the latest technical developments of the double spiral electrocardiograph (ECG) electrode and the fetal tpH Applicator Tool Set Model 678449. Better results were obtained with Model 678449.
PERSISTENT ABNORMALITIES OF FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY AND PLATELET FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH REVERSIBLE OESTROGEN‐ASSOCIATED HYPERTENSION
Authors: Al‐Khader A. A. , Aber G. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNormotensive women with a previous history of oestrogen‐associated hypertension were found to have raised platelet factor 3 (PF3) availability, raised triglycerides and pre‐β‐lipoprotein and impaired fibrinolytic activity and capacity, but were shown to have normal platelet lifespan and renal platelet localization. The significance of these abnormalities in relation to the development of hypertension and to the intrarenal vascular disease found in these patients is discussed.
FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION AND THE MATERNAL ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE HUMAN PLACENTA IN THE ABSENCE OF SUSTAINED HYPERTENSION
Authors: De Wolf F. , Brosens I. , Renaer M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn five patients with fetal growth retardation in pregnancies with no or only a moderate and transient rise in blood pressure, vascular lesions in the placental bed spiral arteries were found. These lesions are characterized by less well developed physiological morphological changes, by extensive intimal thickening, by fibrinoid degeneration of the media and by acute atherosis. The recurrent fetal growth retardation in these pregnancies may be the first clinical manifestation of underlying reno‐vascular disease.
MATERNAL PLASMA ANDROGENS IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Harrison R. F. , Mansfield M. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMean maternal plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione, and 5 α‐dihydro‐testosterone were established from 4 to 16 weeks gestation from twice‐weekly blood samples taken from 15 pregnant women. All three hormone levels were raised when compared with the non‐pregnant state. There were significant differences in mean maternal plasma testosterone levels at 4 to 5 and 7 to 8 weeks gestation, when comparing women carrying male and female fetuses. Androstenedione levels in a twin pregnancy were increased throughout and testosterone levels were more than 1 SD above the mean from week 15. Steroid levels fell late in the two women who aborted. Hormone levels in three women being given progestogens were within normal limits.
TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS: A STUDY OF MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Noble A. D. , Letchworth A. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFifty patients with endometriosis were treated with hormones: 27 with danazol and 23 with Enavid (mestranol 75 μg and norethynodrel 5 mg). Side effects were more common and potentially more serious in the group treated with Enavid. Fewer women completed treatment with Enavid and their physical signs showed little improvement. Danazol was better tolerated and the results of treatment, as judged by improvement of symptoms or signs and in future fertility rates, were superior to those recorded in the Enavid treated group. Patients with large endometriotic cysts or severe fibrosis did not benefit from medical treatment. Danazol treatment appeared helpful for women who had mild or moderate endometriotic disease. It may be used alone or as a complimentary treatment after conservative surgical operations.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND HABITUAL ABORTION
Authors: Hartikainen‐Sorri Anna‐Liisa , Kaila J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case report is presented of a woman with nine previous spontaneous abortions. At the beginning of her tenth pregnancy a high amount of anti‐nuclear antibodies was found. The patient was given prednisolone and pregnancy and the puerperium were uncomplicated. The newborn infant had complete heart block.
COITAL FUNCTION AFTER RADIOTHERAPY FOR CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX UTERI
Authors: Adelusi B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe interference of treatment with the sexual life of the patient is an important but relatively neglected aspect of the study of carcinoma of the cervix uteri. In a study of the coital function of patients who had radiotherapy for Stages I to III (FIGO Classification) carcinoma of the cervix in the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, dyspareunia and the fear of recurrence of the malignancy accounted for a marked reduction in the frequency of intercourse after treatment of their disease. A significant finding was the disruption in marital relationships directly attributable to the illness. Steps to minimise these problems are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS REGIMENS OF HORMONE THERAPY ON SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Paterson M. E. L. , Sturdee D. W. , Moore B. , Whitehead T. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of 84 postmenopausal women both before and after 2, 6 and 12 months therapy with various regimens of hormone therapy were measured. There was little alteration in mean serum cholesterol concentration with cyclical oestrogens but both sequential mestranol and norethisterone and sequential oestradiol valerate and norgestrel significantly reduced the mean serum cholesterol concentration to a level similar to that found in age‐matched premenopausal women. There was a small and sometimes significant rise in serum triglyceride concentration with cyclical oestrogens. Sequential mestranol and norethisterone significantly elevated serum triglyceride levels, but sequential oestradiol valerate and norgestrel significantly depressed them. The results suggest that the progestogenic agent norgestrel has an important role to play in reducing both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and that the sequential preparations, by virtue of their greater cholesterol lowering effect, should perhaps be preferred to cyclical oestrogens.
PROPHYLAXIS FOR MENDELSON'S SYNDROME BEFORE ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION. A COMPARISON OF CIMETIDINE AND MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE MIXTURE REGIMENS
Authors: Husemeyer R. P. , Davenport H. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA clinical trial was conducted in which patients undergoing elective Caesarean section received either oral cimetidine 400 mg or magnesium trisilicate mixture BPC 20 ml before anaesthesia. The pH values of gastric fluid were significantly higher and the incidence of pH less than 2·5 was significantly lower in patients who received magnesium trisilicate mixture BPC. No adverse effects were observed in newborn infants whose mothers had received cimetidine and there was no significant difference in pH values of gastric fluid from the newborn in the two groups. The findings suggest that as a means of prophylaxis for Mendelson's syndrome in patients undergoing elective Caesarean section, magnesium trisilicate mixture BPC 20 ml is more effective than a single oral dose of cimetidine 400 mg, administered in the manner described.
PLASMA PROLACTIN AND PUERPERAL BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Jenkins D. M. , Soltan M. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma prolactin concentration was measured on days 1, 3, 6 and 21 of the puerperium in women who had been normotensive or hypertensive during pregnancy. Elevated plasma prolactin concentration due to breast feeding or reduced plasma prolactin concentration due to treatment with bromocriptine was found not to be related to blood pressure changes in the puerperium in women with essential hypertension, pregnancy induced hypertension or in normotensive patients.
DOPPLER ULTRASOUND AND THE PREGNANT UTERUS
Authors: Goodman J. D. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPrecise location of the sources of sound heard from the pregnant uterus when using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound was achieved with depth‐gated pulse Doppler and real‐time ultrasound. The characteristics of these sounds are described. No sounds were identified from the main mass of the placenta.
RELATION BETWEEN MEASURED MENSTRUAL BLOOD LOSS AND PATIENT'S SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF LOSS, DURATION OF BLEEDING, NUMBER OF SANITARY TOWELS USED, UTERINE WEIGHT AND ENDOMETRIAL SURFACE AREA
Authors: Chimbira T. H. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 92 women complaining of heavy but regular periods for which no cause was found, the relation was studied between measured menstrual blood loss during two consecutive periods and the patient's subjective assessment of blood loss, the number of days of bleeding, and the number of sanitary pads and tampons used. There was no correlation between menstrual blood loss and these parameters. In many women these parameters are not a reliable indicator of the volume of menstrual blood loss. In 40 of the 92 women, who subsequently had a hysterectomy because of their complaint of menorrhagia, the uterus was weighed and the endometrial surface area measured. The view that menorrhagia is associated with a large uterus or a large endometrial surface area could not be confirmed.
MONITORING OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT WITH REAL‐TIME ULTRASOUND
Authors: O'Herlihy C. , De Crespigny L. J. Ch , Robinson H. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOvarian follicular growth during the periovulatory period was measured using real‐time ultrasound in 33 patients during 53 spontaneous ovulatory cycles. The mean follicular diameter increased from 14·1 mm four days before ovulation to a maximum of 20·1 mm on the day of presumptive ovulation. The results correspond with previous static ultrasound studies of follicular development and in nine cycles in which both methods were employed the correlation between measurements on the same day was highly significant (r = 0·944; p <0.001). The day of ovulation could not be anticipated from a single measurement because of the relatively wide range of follicular size. Except in some obese subjects, real‐time ultrasound examination of the developing follicle appears to be a useful technique for assessing the progress of the ovarian cycle.
THE TREATMENT OF PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS WITH MEFENAMIC ACID
Authors: Wood C. , Jakubowicz D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty‐seven patients suffering from premenstrual symptoms were each studied through three menstrual cycles. After a control cycle, mefenamic acid and placebo were given during the luteal phase of the cycle in a random double‐blind cross over manner, each patient serving as her own control. The dosage of mefenamic acid was 500 mg thrice daily. Medication significantly improved premenstrual symptoms, particularly tension, irritability, depression, pain and headache. It was not effective for breast symptoms. Most patients complaining of premenstrual symptoms also had menstrual symptoms, which were also improved by the mefenamic acid.
DETECTION OF THE SMALL‐FOR‐DATES TWIN FETUS BY ULTRASOUND
Authors: Neilson J. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAs methods for identifying the small‐for‐dates fetus in twin pregnancies, serial ultrasonic cephalometry and a new two‐stage ultrasound examination schedule have been evaluated and compared. Serial cephalometry is associated with technical and interpretative problems, and only 24 (56 per cent) of 43 small‐for‐dates fetuses in 66 retrospectively studied twin pregnancies showed detectably abnormal biparietal diameter growth. The two‐stage schedule comprises an accurate assessment of gestational age in early pregnancy, and determination of the product of the crown‐rump length and trunk area at 34 to 36 weeks; this identified all 15 small‐for‐dates fetuses in 21 prospectively studied twin pregnancies, and the method offers several other advantages over serial cephalometry.
SITES OF STEROID PRODUCTION IN THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY
Authors: Biggs J. S. G. , Thomas Frances J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTissue culture of slices of polycystic ovaries shows that androstenedione and oestradiol are mostly produced by the cortical, cyst‐containing portions, with little steroid production in vitro by medullary stromal tissues.
INTRAUTERINE HAEMATOMA AN ULTRASONIC STUDY OF THREATENED ABORTION
Authors: Mantoni Margit , Pedersen J. Fog 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUltrasonic scanning in patients with symptoms of threatened abortion occasionally revealed an echo‐free area between the membranes and the uterine wall. The echo‐free area was found in patients at 11 to 20 weeks gestation who had a live fetus and is believed to represent blood. Seven smaller haematomas of less than 35 ml gradually disappeared and the pregnancies continued until term. Three patients who had haematomas of more than 50 ml subsequently aborted or had a premature delivery.
GROWTH OF A PROLACTINOMA DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Dommerholt H. B. R. , Assies J. , van der Werf A. J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient with hyperprolactinaemia and anovulation is described. Ovulation was induced with bromocriptine and the ensuing pregnancy caused rapid deterioration of vision and neurosurgical intervention. The management of hyperprolactinaemic infertility and the complications occurring during pregnancy in these patients are discussed.
DIAGNOSIS BY REAL TIME ULTRASOUND OF HOURGLASS HERNIATION OF THE FETAL MEMBRANES
Authors: Redford D. H. A. , Nicol B. D. , Wittmann B. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe present two patients in whom hourglass herniation of the fetal membranes through the cervix occurred at 26 weeks gestation. The diagnosis was made by real time ultrasound and led to conservative management. One of the infants survived and might well not have done so without conservative management.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS OF GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE GROWTH TO OVULATION IN WOMEN USING ULTRASONIC, LAPAROSCOPIC AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Kerin J. F. , Edmonds D. K. , Warnes G. M. , Cox L. W. , Seamark R. F. , Matthews C. D. , Young G. B. , Baird D. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe daily growth rates of ovarian follicles were recorded ultrasonically for five days until ovulation in 56 spontaneously ovulating women and related to endocrine and clinical parameters. Over the 5‐day period, the average diameter of the follicle destined to ovulate increased from 12 to 23 mm, the second largest follicle from 6 to 12 mm, the third largest follicle from 5 to 9 mm and the fourth largest follicle from 4 to 8 mm. Similar but lesser growth rates occurred in the follicles in the contralateral ovary. Ovulation occurred within 24 hours of the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak, and the mean peak diameter of the ovulating follicle was 23.2±0.3 (SEM) mm, (range 18–29 mm) before ovulation, and subsequent luteal function was judged to be normal. Follicular growth was most closely correlated with increasing peripheral blood oestrogen levels. In 16 women who had a laparoscopy within 12 hours of the last ultrasound and following the LH peak, the mean diameter of the largest follicle as measured by ultrasound (23.6±0.4 mm) was similar to that measured at laparoscopy (22.8±0.4 mm) and estimated from the volume of follicular fluid aspirated (average 5.8±0.2 ml), 22.5 mm. The follicular fluid levels of progesterone were high on the day of the LH peak and blood progesterone levels had risen significantly indicating that luteinization of the dominant Graafian follicles had already occurred prior to ovulation. This study confirms that ultrasonic monitoring provides a reliable measure of follicular growth and allows studies correlating morphological changes with both normal and abnormal endocrine function of the human ovary.
HYPEREXTENSION OF THE FETAL HEAD IN BREECH PRESENTATION A STUDY WITH LONG‐TERM FOLLOW‐UP
Authors: Westgren M. , Grundsell H. , Ingemarsson I. , Mühlow A. , Svenningsen N. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe attitude of the fetal head was determined in 445 women with breech presentations. Thirty‐three women (7.4 per cent) were found to have a fetus with the head in various degrees of hyperextension. Of these 26 were born vaginally and seven by Caesarean section. At follow‐up (2 to 4 years) five of the vaginally born infants (22 per cent) had neurological sequelae referable to spinal, supraspinal and cerebellar injuries but all infants born by Caesarean section were normal. The results emphasise the value of an abdominal X‐ray examination of all women with breech presentations. Caesarean section is recommended if the fetal head is hyperextended.