bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ursodeoxycholic acid for preventing parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis in neonates: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Anne Rajendra Prasad , Kadyada Srikanth Puttaiah , Aradhya Abhishek Somasekhara , Oleti Tejo Pratap 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile ursodeoxycholic acid is used in treating parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis (PNAC) in neonates, its role in prevention is unclear.ObjectivesIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we attempted to determine the role of ursodeoxycholic acid in preventing PNAC in neonates.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched on September 16, 2023, for interventional studies comparing ursodeoxycholic acid with placebo.ResultsOf the 6180 unique records identified, five studies were eligible for inclusion (three randomised and two nonrandomised). Evidence from randomised trials showed that ursodeoxycholic acid prophylaxis did not reduce cholestasis, mortality, sepsis, and necrotising enterocolitis. Ursodeoxycholic acid prophylaxis reduced feed intolerance (RR 0.23 (0.09, 0.64); 1 RCT, 102 neonates), peak conjugated bilirubin levels (MD −0.13 (−0.22, −0.04) mg/dL; 1 RCT, 102 neonates), and time to full enteral feeds (MD −2.7 (−5.09, −0.31) days; 2 RCTs, 76 neonates). There was no decrease in hospital stay and parenteral nutrition duration. Data from nonrandomised studies did not show benefit in any of the outcomes. The certainty of the evidence was low to very low.ConclusionBecause of the very low‐quality evidence and lack of evidence on critical outcomes, definitive conclusions could not be made on using ursodeoxycholic acid to prevent parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis in neonates.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 drives decreases in stable soil organic carbon in arid ecosystems: Evidence from a physical fractionation and organic compound analysis
Authors: Jensen Kelsey H. , Grandy A. Stuart , Sparks Jed P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is perturbing the global carbon (C) cycle, altering stocks of organic C, including soil organic matter (SOM). The effect of this disturbance on soils in arid ecosystems may differ from other ecosystems due to water limitation. In this study, we conducted a density fractionation on soils previously harvested from the Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) to understand how elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) affects SOM stability. Soils from beneath the perennial shrub, Larrea tridentata, and from unvegetated interspace were subjected to a sodium polytungstate density fractionation to separate light, particulate organic matter (POM, <1.85 g/cm3) from heavier, mineral associated organic matter (MAOM, >1.85 g/cm3). These fractions were analyzed for organic C, total N, δ13C and δ15N, to understand the mechanisms behind changes. The heavy fraction was further analyzed by pyrolysis GC/MS to assess changes in organic compound composition. Elevated CO2 decreased POM‐C and MAOM‐C in soils beneath L. tridentata while interspace soils exhibited only a small increase in MAOM‐N. Analysis of δ13C revealed incorporation of new C into both POM and MAOM pools indicating eCO2 stimulated rapid turnover of both POM and MAOM. The largest losses of POM‐C and MAOM‐C observed under eCO2 occurred in soils 20–40 cm in depth, highlighting that belowground C inputs may be a significant driver of SOM decomposition in this ecosystem. Pyrolysis GC/MS analysis revealed a decrease in organic compound diversity in the MAOM fraction of L. tridentata soils, becoming more similar to interspace soils under eCO2. These results provide further evidence that MAOM stability may be compromised under disturbance and that SOC stocks in arid ecosystems are vulnerable under continued climate change.
Peri‐operative desmopressin combined with pharmacokinetic‐guided factor VIII concentrate in non‐severe haemophilia A patients
Authors: Romano Lorenzo G. R. , Schütte Lisette M. , van Hest Reinier M. , Meijer Karina , Laros‐van Gorkom Britta A. P. , Nieuwenhuizen Laurens , Eikenboom Jeroen , Heubel‐Moenen Floor C. J. I. , Uitslager Nanda , Coppens Michiel , Fijnvandraat Karin , Driessens Mariëtte H. E. , Polinder Suzanne , Cnossen Marjon H. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. ,    the DAVID and SYMPHONY Consortium
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionNon‐severe haemophilia A patient can be treated with desmopressin or factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate. Combining both may reduce factor consumption, but its feasibility and safety has never been investigated.AimWe assessed the feasibility and safety of combination treatment in nonsevere haemophilia A patients.MethodsNon‐severe, desmopressin responsive, haemophilia A patients were included in one of two studies investigating peri‐operative combination treatment. In the single‐arm DAVID study intravenous desmopressin (0.3 μg/kg) once‐a‐day was, after sampling, immediately followed by PK‐guided FVIII concentrate, for maximally three consecutive days. The Little DAVID study was a randomized trial in patients undergoing a minor medical procedure, whom received either PK‐guided combination treatment (intervention arm) or PK‐guided FVIII concentrate only (standard arm) up to 2 days. Dose predictions were considered accurate if the absolute difference between predicted and measured FVIII:C was ≤0.2 IU/mL.ResultsIn total 32 patients (33 procedures) were included. In the DAVID study (n = 21), of the FVIII:C trough levels 73.7% (14/19) were predicted accurately on day 1 (D1), 76.5% (13/17) on D2. On D0, 61.9% (13/21) of peak FVIII:C levels predictions were accurate. In the Little DAVID study (n = 12), on D0 83.3% (5/6) FVIII:C peak levels for both study arms were predicted accurately. Combination treatment reduced preoperative FVIII concentrate use by 47% versus FVIII monotherapy. Desmopressin side effects were mild and transient. Two bleeds occurred, both despite FVIII:C > 1.00 IU/mL.ConclusionPeri‐operative combination treatment with desmopressin and PK‐guided FVIII concentrate dosing in nonsevere haemophilia A is feasible, safe and reduces FVIII consumption.
Exploring androgen receptor signaling pathway in prostate cancer: A path to new discoveries
Authors: Obinata Daisuke , Takayama Kenichi , Inoue Satoshi , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy has achieved significant success in treating prostate cancer through strategies centered on the androgen receptor. However, the emergence of castration‐resistant prostate cancer highlights this therapy limitation, underscoring the need to elucidate the mechanisms of treatment resistance. This review aimed to focus on multifaceted resistance mechanisms, including androgen receptor overexpression, splice variants, missense mutations, the involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor, and alterations in coregulators and transcription factors, revealing their roles in castration‐resistant prostate cancer progression. These mechanisms promote cell survival and proliferation, depending on the androgen receptor signaling pathway, leading to resistance to conventional therapies. Amplification and mutations in the androgen receptor gene facilitate selective adaptation in treatment‐resistant cells, consequently diminishing therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the activation of glucocorticoid receptors and aberrant regulation of specific coregulators and transcription factors contribute to the activation of androgen receptor‐independent signaling pathways, promoting cell survival and proliferation. These findings hold promise for identifying new targets for treating castration‐resistant prostate cancer and developing personalized treatment strategies. The development of future therapies will hinge on precisely targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathway, necessitating a deeper understanding of the molecular targets unique to castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
The Tools of External Migration Policy in the EU Member States: The Case of Italy
Authors: Fontana Iole , Rosina Matilde 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on the external dimension of migration policy (EXMIPO) in the EU member states (MSs), through a policy tool approach. It offers an analytical framework for conceptualizing MS EXMIPO, by (1) unpacking its tools and (2) understanding their relationship with EU‐level migration governance, as based on competition, convergence and complementarity. Empirically, it examines the case of Italy, building on an original dataset spanning over 30 years and 125 instruments. Through the Italian case, this article demonstrates that MSs have developed an intense external action at the bilateral level in the field of migration, which has expanded quantitatively and qualitatively, alongside (and despite) EU initiatives.
The efficacy of combining adjuvants with non‐surgical periodontal therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zanatta Fabrício Batistin , Antoniazzi Raquel Pippi , Oliveira Leandro Machado , Lietzan Adam D. , Miguez Patricia A. , Susin Cristiano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThis Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials assessed the effect of adjuvant periodontal treatment in both periodontal and HbA1c outcomes in adult individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Materials and MethodsA systematic search was done up to February 2023 comparing sub‐gingival debridement (SD) in combination with local or systemic adjuvant treatment with SD alone for individuals with T2DM. The primary outcomes were changes in absolute HbA1c levels and full‐mouth probing depth reported at 3‐ to 6‐month post‐treatment.ResultsSeventy‐two eligible publications evaluating 27 adjuvant treatments were retrieved. The combination of SD and systemic antibiotic metronidazole or SD and antioxidant alpha lipoic acid provided, respectively, 1.4% (95% credible interval [CrI] 0.48; 2.20) and 2.4% (95% CrI 1.50; 3.30) more significant improvement on HbA1c levels, and 0.89 mm (95% CrI 0.23; 1.50) and 0.92 mm (95% CrI 0.02; 0.92) greater periodontal probing depth reductions. Other adjuvant treatments provided added benefit to the periodontal outcomes without discernible effects on HbA1c.ConclusionsAdjuvant use of metronidazole or alpha lipoic acid was the best adjunct option to provide clinically meaningful HbA1c levels and probing depth reductions. However, no strong recommendation can be drawn due to the scarcity of studies for each adjuvant treatment and the low certainty of the resultant evidence.
Scoping review of systematic reviews of nursing interventions in a neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery
Authors: Foster Jann , Pathrose Sheeja Perumbil , Briguglio Laura , Trajkovski Suza , Lowe Patricia , Muirhead Renee , Jyoti Jeewan , Ng Linda , Blay Nicole , Spence Kaye , Chetty Natasha , Broom Margaret 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAim(s)To identify, synthesise and map systematic reviews of the effectiveness of nursing interventions undertaken in a neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery.DesignThis scoping review was conducted according to the JBI scoping review framework.MethodsReview included systematic reviews that evaluated any nurse‐initiated interventions that were undertaken in an NICU or SCN setting. Studies that reported one or more positive outcomes related to the nursing interventions were only considered for this review. Each outcome for nursing interventions was rated a ‘certainty (quality) of evidence’ according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria.Data SourcesSystematic reviews were sourced from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis for reviews published until February 2023.ResultsA total of 428 articles were identified; following screening, 81 reviews underwent full‐text screening, and 34 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Multiple nursing interventions reporting positive outcomes were identified and were grouped into seven categories. Respiratory 7/34 (20%) and Nutrition 8/34 (23%) outcomes were the most reported categories. Developmental care was the next most reported category 5/34 (15%) followed by Thermoregulation, 5/34 (15%) Jaundice 4/34 (12%), Pain 4/34 (12%) and Infection 1/34 (3%).ConclusionsThis review has identified nursing interventions that have a direct positive impact on neonatal outcomes. However, further applied research is needed to transfer this empirical knowledge into clinical practice.Implications for the profession and/or patient careImplementing up‐to‐date evidence on effective nursing interventions has the potential to significantly improving neonatal outcomes.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public involvement in this scoping review.
Political Polarization Affects Households' Financial Decisions: Evidence from Home Sales
Authors: MCCARTNEY W. BEN , ORELLANA‐LI JOHN , ZHANG CALVIN 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTPolitical identity and partisanship are salient features of today's society. Using deeds records and voter rolls, we show that current residents are more likely to sell their homes when opposite‐party neighbors move in nearby than when unaffiliated or same‐party neighbors do. This is especially true when the new neighbors are politically active, consistent with an animosity between parties mechanism. We conclude that affective polarization is not limited to purely political settings and affects one of the household's most important financial decisions, their home transactions.
Igniting taxonomic curiosity: The amazing story of Amazonocrinis with the description of a new genus Ahomia gen. nov. and novel species of Ahomia, Amazonocrinis, and Dendronalium from the biodiversity‐rich northeast region of India
Authors: Pal Sagarika , Saraf Aniket , Kumar Naresh , Singh Prashant 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFive cyanobacterial strains exhibiting Nostoc‐like morphology were sampled from the biodiversity hotspots of the northeast region of India and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strains belonged to the genera Amazonocrinis and Dendronalium. In the present investigation, the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny clearly demarcated two separate clades of Amazonocrinis. The strain MEG8‐PS clustered along with Amazonocrinis nigriterrae CENA67, which is the type strain of the genus. The other three strains ASM11‐PS, RAN‐4C‐PS, and NP‐KLS‐5A‐PS clustered in a different clade that was phylogenetically distinct from the Amazonocrinis sensu stricto clade. Interestingly, while the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny exhibited two separate clusters, the 16S–23S ITS region analysis did not provide strong support for the phylogenetic observation. Subsequent analyses raised questions regarding the resolving power of the 16S–23S ITS region at the genera level and the associated complexities in cyanobacterial taxonomy. Through this study, we describe a novel genus Ahomia to accommodate the members clustering outside the Amazonocrinis sensu stricto clade. In addition, we describe five novel species, Ahomia kamrupensis, Ahomia purpurea, Ahomia soli, Amazonocrinis meghalayensis, and Dendronalium spirale, in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Apart from further enriching the genera Amazonocrinis and Dendronalium, the current study helps to resolve the taxonomic complexities revolving around the genus Amazonocrinis and aims to attract researchers to the continued exploration of the tropical and subtropical cyanobacteria for interesting taxa and lineages.
To prove or improve? Examining how paradoxical tensions shape evaluation practices in accreditation contexts
Authors: Onyura Betty , Fisher Abigail J. , Wu Qian , Rajkumar Shrutikaa , Chapagain Sarick , Nassuna Judith , Rojas David , Nirula Latika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough programme evaluation is increasingly routinised across the academic health sciences, there is scant research on the factors that shape the scope and quality of evaluation work in health professions education. Our research addresses this gap, by studying how the context in which evaluation is practised influences the type of evaluation that can be conducted. Focusing on the context of accreditation, we critically examine the types of paradoxical tensions that surface as evaluation‐leads consider evaluation ideals or best practices in relation to contextual demands associated with accreditation seeking.MethodsOur methods were qualitative and situated within a critical realist paradigm. Study participants were 29 individuals with roles requiring responsibility and oversight on evaluation work. They worked across 4 regions, within 26 academic health science institutions. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and analysed using framework and matrix analyses.ResultsWe identified three overarching themes: (i) absence of collective coherence about evaluation practice, (ii) disempowerment of expertise and (iii) tensions as routine practice. Examples of these latter tensions in evaluation work included (i) resourcing accreditation versus resourcing robust evaluation strategy (performing paradox), (ii) evaluation designs to secure accreditation versus design to spur renewal and transformation (performing–learning paradox) and (iii) public dissemination of evaluation findings versus restricted or selective access (publicising paradox). Sub‐themes and illustrative data are presented.DiscussionOur study demonstrates how the high‐stakes context of accreditation seeking surfaces tensions that can risk the quality and credibility of evaluation practices. To mitigate these risks, those who commission or execute evaluation work must be able to identify and reconcile these tensions. We propose strategies that may help optimise the quality of evaluation work alongside accreditation‐seeking efforts. Critically, our research highlights the limitations of continually positioning evaluation purely as a method versus as a socio‐technical practice that is highly vulnerable to contextual influences.
Inflammatory bowel disease induces pathological α‐synuclein aggregation in the human gut and brain
Authors: Espinosa‐Oliva Ana M. , Ruiz Rocío , Soto Manuel Sarmiento , Boza‐Serrano Antonio , Rodriguez‐Perez Ana I. , Roca‐Ceballos María A. , García‐Revilla Juan , Santiago Marti , Serres Sébastien , Economopoulus Vasiliki , Carvajal Ana E. , Vázquez‐Carretero María D. , García‐Miranda Pablo , Klementieva Oxana , Oliva‐Martín María J. , Deierborg Tomas , Rivas Eloy , Sibson Nicola R. , Labandeira‐García José L. , Machado Alberto , Peral María J. , Herrera Antonio J. , Venero José L. , de Pablos Rocío M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsAccording to Braak's hypothesis, it is plausible that Parkinson's disease (PD) originates in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and spreads to the brain through the vagus nerve. In this work, we studied whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in humans can progress with the emergence of pathogenic α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in the gastrointestinal tract and midbrain dopaminergic neurons.MethodsWe have analysed the gut and the ventral midbrain from subjects previously diagnosed with IBD and form a DSS‐based rat model of gut inflammation in terms of α‐syn pathology.ResultsOur data support the existence of pathogenic α‐syn in both the gut and the brain, thus reinforcing the potential role of the ENS as a contributing factor in PD aetiology. Additionally, we have analysed the effect of a DSS‐based rat model of gut inflammation to demonstrate (i) the appearance of P‐α‐syn inclusions in both Auerbach's and Meissner's plexuses (gut), (ii) an increase in α‐syn expression in the ventral mesencephalon (brain) and (iii) the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, which all are considered classical hallmarks in PD.ConclusionThese results strongly support the plausibility of Braak's hypothesis and emphasise the significance of peripheral inflammation and the gut‐brain axis in initiating α‐syn aggregation and transport to the substantia nigra, resulting in neurodegeneration.
Vagal activation alters prandial bile acid composition and glycemia in patients with hypoglycemia after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Honka Henri , Bhattacharjee Jashdeep , Zadeh Mansour , Kohli Rohit , Gastaldelli Amalia , Salehi Marzieh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAltered prandial glycemic response after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is exaggerated in patients with post‐RYGB hypoglycemia. Increased contribution of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) to prandial insulin secretion plays a key role in developing hypoglycemia after RYGB, but the role of nonhormonal gut factors remains unknown. Here, the effect of vagal activation on prandial bile acid (BA) composition in relation to glucose, insulin and gut hormone responses was examined in a small size group of nondiabetic subjects after RYGB with intact gallbladder compared to nonoperated controls.MethodsConcentrations of blood glucose, hormones, and BAs were measured in two RYGB subjects with documented hypoglycemia (HGB), three asymptomatic RYGB‐treated subjects (AGB), and four nonoperated controls with intact gallbladders during a meal‐tolerance test with (MTT‐Sham) and without (MTT) preceding modified sham feeding (chew and spit).Key ResultsMeal ingestion raised serum total BAs in RYGB‐treated subjects without any effect in nonoperated controls. Modified sham feeding similarly increased meal‐induced responses of conjugated BAs (CBAs) in all subjects (p < 0.05 compared to MTT alone), whereas unconjugated BAs (UBAs), mainly deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid, were raised only in the HGB group (p < 0.001 for interaction). Prandial UBAs had an inverse correlation with glucose nadir (r = −0.75, p < 0.05) and were directly associated with ISR and GLP‐1 during MTT‐Sham.Conclusions & InferencesIn this small cohort, vagal activation by modified sham feeding increases prandial CBAs in both operated and nonoperated subjects but enhances UBAs only in patients with documented post‐RYGB hypoglycemia. Our findings highlight a potential role for nonhormonal gut factors, such as BA and gut microbiome, in glucose abnormalities after RYGB.
The prevalence of controls in phyllosphere microbiome research: a methodological review
Authors: Welsh Brady L. , Eisenhofer Raphael 
Published: February 2024

SummaryDNA contamination can critically confound microbiome studies. Here, we take a systematic approach to review the current literature and investigate the prevalence of contamination controls in phyllosphere microbiome research over the past decade. By utilising systematic review principles for this review, we were able to conduct a thorough investigation, screening 450 articles from three databases for eligibility and extracting data in a controlled and methodical manner. Worryingly, we observed a surprisingly low usage of both positive and negative contamination controls in phyllosphere research. As a result, we propose a set of minimum standards to combat the effects of contamination in future phyllosphere research.
Does leadership gender representativeness improve policy outcomes? Evidence from local governments in China
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Ma Liang , Christensen Tom 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNumerous studies have delved into the intricate dynamics of representative bureaucracy in public service provision, yet a significant gap exists in our understanding of the distinctions between top leaders and members of the top management team (TMT). Using the panel data of 317 subdistricts in Beijing, this research revealed that top female leaders have stronger influences on public service delivery than female TMT members. Top female leaders handle citizens' complaints better than their male counterparts, while the effect of TMT gender representation is nonsignificant. This research underscores the imperative need to differentiate between the representative roles of top leaders and TMT members, thereby revealing nuanced effects in the realm of gender representation.