bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do caregiver management strategies influence patient behaviour in dementia?
Authors: de Vugt Marjolein E. , Stevens Fred , Aalten Pauline , Lousberg Richel , Jaspers Niek , Winkens Ieke , Jolles Jellemer , Verhey Frans R. J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about the effectiveness of caregiver management strategies on the functioning of the demented patient. However, identification of specific caregiver strategies may provide useful information on the management and manifestation of behavioural problems in dementia.MethodsNinety‐nine patients with dementia and their informal caregivers were followed up for one year. Interviews were used to assess differences in caregiver management strategies. Behavioural disturbances in the patient were measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Repeated measures analysis were carried out to investigate the relationship between caregiver management strategies and patient behaviour.ResultsThree caregiver management strategies were identified, based on whether caregivers accepted, or not, the caregiving situation and dementia related problems. Caregivers characterized by non‐acceptance were typified as ‘Non‐adapters’; caregivers characterized by acceptance were further subdivided into two groups typified as ‘Nurturers’ and ‘Supporters’. Caregiver characteristics such as sex, education and personality were important determinants of management strategies. MANOVA showed that non‐adapters reported significantly more hyperactivity symptoms in patients and felt less competent than did supporters.ConclusionsCaregiver management strategies would appear to be associated with behavioural problems in dementia, and are important in predicting patient behaviour and caregiver burden. Intervention programmes should aim at teaching caregivers adequate management strategies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized placebo‐controlled trial of donepezil in cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Leroi Iracema , Brandt Jason , Reich Stephen G. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Grill Stephen , Thompson Richard , Marsh Laura 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, as a treatment for cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson' s disease (PD).MethodsUsing a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled design, nine patients received placebo and seven patients received donepezil (2.5–10 mg/day) for a mean (SD) duration of 15.2 (3.4) weeks. The primary efficacy outcomes were derived from a neuropsychological battery that assessed global cognitive status as well as memory, attention, psychomotor speed, and visuospatial and executive functions. Secondary efficacy outcomes were psychiatric symptom and activities of daily living ratings. Primary safety measures were motor signs and assessments of adverse effects.ResultsPatients on donepezil showed selective and significant (p<0.05) improvement on the memory subscale of the Dementia Rating Scale. There was also a trend toward improvement on a measure of psychomotor speed and attention. There were no group differences in psychiatric status, motor function, or activities of daily living as measured at baseline or end‐point. Adverse effects resulted in premature withdrawal of four patients on donepezil, two for peripheral cholinergic effects and one for increased parkinsonism. Side effects were associated with dosage increases.ConclusionDonepezil has a beneficial effect on memory and may improve other cognitive deficits in patients with PD and cognitive impairment. However, variable tolerability in our sample underscores the need for careful monitoring when prescribing donepezil to patients with PD, especially with dosage increases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled study of the efficacy and safety of sertraline in the treatment of the behavioral manifestations of Alzheimer's disease in outpatients treated with donepezil
Authors: Finkel Sanford I. , Mintzer Jacobo E. , Dysken Maurice , Krishnan K. R. R. , Burt Tal , McRae Thomas 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the safety and efficacy of sertraline augmentation therapy in the treatment of behavioral manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in outpatients treated with donepezil.Methods and materialsPatients with probable or possible AD, and a Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) total score >5 (with a severity score ≥2 in at least one domain), were treated with donepezil (5–10 mg) for 8 weeks, then randomly assigned to 12 weeks of double‐blind augmentation therapy with either sertraline (50–200 mg) or placebo. Primary efficacy measures were the 12‐item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI‐I) and Severity (CGI‐S) scales.Results24 patients were treated with donepezil+sertraline and 120 patients with donepezil+placebo. There were no statistically significant differences at endpoint on any of the three primary efficacy measures. However, a linear mixed model analysis found modest but statistically significantly greater improvements in the CGI‐I score on donepezil+sertraline. Moreover, in a sub‐group of patients with moderate‐to‐severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, 60% of patients on sertraline vs 40% on placebo (p = 0.006) achieved a response (defined as ≥;50% reduction in a four‐item NPI‐behavioral subscale). One adverse event (diarrhea) was significantly (p < 0.05) more common in the donepezil+sertraline group compared to the donepezil+placebo group.ConclusionSertraline augmentation was well‐tolerated in this sample of AD outpatients. In addition, post hoc analyses demonstrated a modest but statistically significant advantage of sertraline over placebo augmentation in mixed model analyses and a clinically and statistically significant advantage in a subgroup of patients with moderate‐to‐severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic and mesoionic 1,3‐thiazolo‐[3,2‐c]quinazoline derivatives
Authors: Wasfy A. A. F. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract4‐Allylthio‐2‐arylquinazolines 4a–c undergo cyclization by action of bromine to furnish 5‐aryl‐3‐bromomethyl‐2,3‐dihydrothiazolo[3,2‐c]quinazolin‐4‐ium bromides 5a–c. Compounds 5a–c undergo ring opening by action of water under acid catalysis to afford the corresponding dibromide derivatives 6a–c. Bromination of 3‐allyl‐2‐aryl‐4(3H)quinazolinethiones 7a–c leads to 5‐aryl‐2‐bromomethyl‐2,3‐dihydrothiazolo[3,2‐c]quinazolin‐4‐ium bromides 8a–c. However, anhydro‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐aryl‐1,3‐thiazolo[3,2‐c]quinazolin‐4‐ium hydroxide 10a–c were prepared by the cyclodehydration of the corresponding thioglycolic acids 9a–c with Ac2O. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:576–580, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10148
Studies on quinazolines, part IV: Fused mesoionic heterocycles from 3‐amino‐2‐aryl‐4(3H)‐quinazolinethiones
Authors: Wasfy A. A. F. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe 3‐amino‐4(3H)‐quinazolinethiones 2a–c react with phenyl isothiocyanate in DMF, giving N,N‐disubstituted thioureas 3a–c. When 2a–c are treated with phenyl isothiocyanate in dry acetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine, the mesoionic compounds 4a–c are isolated. The methiodide 5a reacts with carbon nucleophiles such as malononitrile and/or ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of triethylamine to give the corresponding 1,2,4‐triazoles 6a,b. On the other hand, compounds 2a–c react with CS2–K2CO3 combination to furnish 1,3,4‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐c]‐4‐quinazolinium‐2‐mercaptides 7a–c. Treatment of the methiodide 8a with malononitrile in the presence of potassium t‐butoxide provides a mixture of 2‐[2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ylidene]malononitrile 9 (24%) and 2‐amino‐5‐(2‐nirophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5‐c]quinazoline‐1‐carbonitrile 10(40%). The reaction between Schiff bases 11 derived from 2a and phenacyl bromide yields 2‐benzoyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazino[3,2‐c]quinazolin‐5‐ium bromide derivatives 12a,b. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:581–586, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10172
Structures and properties of two diastereomeric cyclic sulfites derived from cis‐3,4‐di‐tert‐butylthiolane‐3,4‐diol and thionyl chloride
Authors: Tanaka Sanae , Sugihara Yoshiaki , Sakamoto Akira , Ishii Akihiko , Nakayama Juzo 
Published: January 2004

Abstractcis‐3,4‐Di‐tert‐butylthiolane‐3,4‐diol (1) was treated with an equimolar amount of thionyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine or pyridine in several solvents of different polarity to furnish two diastereomeric sulfites 2a and 2b generally in excellent combined yields. Although 2a was consistently formed as the major diastereomer when pyridine was used as the base, 2a and 2b were formed in approximately equal amounts when triethylamine was used as the base in polar solvents. X‐ray crystallographic analyses revealed that the SO group of 2a is anti to the thiolane ring and that of 2b syn to the thiolane ring. Density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/6‐31G* level) revealed that 2a is less stable than 2b by 1.28 kcal mol−1, although 2a was formed generally as the predominant diastereomer. Spectroscopic data of 2a and 2b are discussed with emphasis on comparison with those obtained by calculations. Treatment of 2a and 2b with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid resulted in the oxidation of the divalent sulfur atom of the thiolane ring and not the sulfite sulfur atom. The above oxidations took place exclusively at the syn‐side with respect to the tert‐butyl groups.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:587–595, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10192
Synthesis of optically active N‐protected α‐aminoketones and α‐amino alcohols
Authors: Zhou Zheng Hong , Tang Yi Long , Li Kang Ying , Liu Bing , Tang Chu Chi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA series of optically active N‐protected α‐aminoketones were synthesized via the Grignard reaction of the Weinreb amides of the N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl amino acids. Reduction of the α‐aminoketones by sodium borohydride resulted in the corresponding 1,2‐amino alcohols. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:603–606, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10195
Oxidative cyclization in the synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐membered N,O‐heterocycles
Authors: Tsoungas Petros G. , Diplas Andreas I. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe versatility and potential of oxidative cyclization in the synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐membered N‐ and/or O‐heterocycles is presented through judiciously selected examples.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:642–670, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10200
Salicylaldehyde thiazolyl hydrazones as ligands
Authors: Yilmaz Ibrahim , Çukurovali Alaaddin 
Published: January 2004

AbstractNovel bidentate Schiff base ligands, 2‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐chloro/nitro)benzaldehyde‐[4‐(3‐methyl‐3‐mesitylcyclobutyl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]hydrazone, and their metal complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 13C and 1H NMR spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All the complexes were found to be mononuclear. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:617–621, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10201
2,2,2‐triaryl‐4‐oxo‐1,3,2‐benzoxazastibinines
Authors: Singh Satnam , Jha N. K. , Ishar M. P. S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe hitherto unreported 4‐oxo‐1,3,2‐benzoxazastibinines 2 have been synthesized by the cyclization of disodium salt of salicylanilide (1) with Ar3SbBr2 (Ar = Ph, p‐tolyl, or mesityl). These compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determination, and by IR, far IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectral studies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:622–624, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10202
Interaction of pyridine‐ and 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acids with heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Norkus Eugenijus , Stalnionienė Irena , Crans Debbie C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractInteractions between pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid and 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid with Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) ions were characterized in aqueous solutions (20°C; I = 0.4 (KNO3)) by means of dc‐polarography. In solutions with excess of ligand, Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) form 1:2 complexes with the tridentate dianion of pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid (dipic2−) from weak acid to alkaline solutions. The values of log β2 for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) are 16.1, 11.8, and 11.0, respectively. The complexing ability of pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid is higher in acid solutions and lower in alkaline solutions than that of 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid. This difference is attributed to the OH‐group, which can deprotonate in basic pH. In acid solutions the OH‐group acts as an electron acceptor and reduces the electron donation available to the nitrogen atom in 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid, whereas in alkaline solutions the OH‐group is deprotonated, and the deprotonated O− group acts as an electron donor and increases the coordination ability of the ligand. The triple‐deprotonated anion of 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid (chel3‐) forms a stable diligand complex with Cu(II), the stability constant logarithm being 21.5 ± 0.2.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:625–632, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10203
A convenient one‐pot synthesis of 1,2‐azaphospholanium salts
Authors: Aladzheva Inga M. , Lobanov Dmitrii I. , Bykhovskaya Ol'ga V. , Petrovskii Pavel V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Mastryukova Tatyana A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA novel facile one‐pot synthesis of the 1,2‐azaphospholanes by intramolecular alkylation of 3‐halopropyl amides of tricoordinate phosphorus has been suggested. Using this method, a series of the differently N‐substituted 1,2‐azaphospholanium salts were synthesized. 3‐Aminopropylphosphine oxides were obtained by hydrolysis of the salts. A probable mechanism of the 1,2‐azaphospholanium salts formation is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:596–602, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10209
Syntheses and characterizations of diorganotin(IV) complexes with L‐cysteine: Crystal structure of [(CH3)2Sn(L‐C3H5NO2S)· H2O]
Authors: Ma Chunlin , Zhang Junhong , Zhang Rufen 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFive diorganotin(IV) derivatives of L‐cysteine have been synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR, and IR spectroscopies along with elemental analyses. The diorganotin(IV) complexes were readily obtained from the reactions of diorganotin(IV) dichlorides and L‐cysteine. The crystal structure of [(CH3)2Sn(L‐C3H5NO2S)·H2O] contains a one dimensional infinite “S” conformation polymeric chain, with the L‐cysteine acting as a bridged tridentate ligand. The tin(IV) atom, bonding to two methyl carbons, amino nitrogen atom, thiol sulfur atom, and carboxylate oxygen atom, has a five‐coordinated trigonal bipyramid environment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:636–641, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10218
No evidence of increased adverse drug reactions in cytochrome P450CYP2D6poor metabolizers treated with fluoxetine or nortriptyline
Authors: Roberts Rebecca L. , Mulder Roger T. , Joyce Peter R. , Luty Suzanne E. , Kennedy Martin A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe polymorphic enzyme cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 is involved in the metabolism of many antidepressants, including nortriptyline and fluoxetine. Some 7%–10% Caucasians have inactivating mutations in both alleles of theCYP2D6gene, and are referred to as poor metabolizers (PMs). Several case reports and clinical studies suggest that CYP2D6 PMs are at a greater risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on antidepressant medication than extensive metabolizers (EMs). However, few clinical trials have investigated whetherCYP2D6PM genotype is predictive of ADRs during antidepressant treatment. This paper explores the link betweenCYP2D6genotype and antidepressant‐associated ADRs in outpatients being treated for major depression with either nortriptyline or fluoxetine. Patients were randomized to fluoxetine (n=65) or nortriptyline (n=60) for the 6 week trial.CYP2D6genotypes predicted that of these patients 115 were EM and the remaining 10 were PMs. ADRs attributed to antidepressant usage were recorded over the 6‐week trial. Although the type of ADR was, as expected, different between drugs, the frequency of ADRs experienced did not differ significantly between the two antidepressants or between CYP2D6 PMs and EMs. In addition, the frequency at which PMs discontinued antidepressant medication was not noticeably different from EMs, although with only 10 PMs the study is under powered to detect moderate or small differences. These findings suggest that inability to efficiently metabolize antidepressants that are CYP2D6 substrates does not necessarily lead to increased occurrence of antidepressant‐associated ADRs. Thus, for clinicians prescribing antidepressant monotherapy, CYP2D6 polymorphisms are probably not of relevance to antidepressant side effects and therapy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paroxetine in the treatment of depressed patients with haematological malignancy: an open‐label study
Authors: Pae Chi‐Un , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Won Wang‐Youn , Kim Hee‐Je , Lee Seok , Lee Chang‐Uk , Lee Soo‐Jung , Kim Dong‐Wook , Lee Chul , Min Woo‐Sung , Kim Chun‐Choo , Paik In‐Ho , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in the treatment of depressive disorders is well known, however, its efficacy and safety for the treatment of depression in patients with cancer has been poorly studied. Therefore this study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in the treatment of depressed patients with haematological malignancy (HM).MethodFifty‐two patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on DSM‐IV criteria along with comorbid HM were allotted to an 8 week trial with a flexible‐dose regime of paroxetine in combination with their chemotherapy or supportive pharmacotherapy. The treatment response was assessed at baseline, week 2, week 4 and week 8 with the 17‐item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D17), the Montgomery Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) and the clinical global impression‐severity (CGI‐S). Side effects were collected with reported adverse events and laboratory tests throughout the study period.Results44.2% of 52 patients completed the 8 week trial. Scores on the HAM‐D17, MADRS and CGI‐s (last observation carried forward, LOCF) at baseline were significantly reduced with a mean reduction of 30.5%, 32.8% and 39.1%, respectively, after 8 weeks treatment with paroxetine.ConclusionIn this preliminary study, paroxetine was found to be effective and moderately tolerated in the treatment of depressed patients with HM, and the present study calls for a controlled study in this field to extend and form a framework on the psychopharmacological data in this field. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Switching to quetiapine in patients with acute mania who were intolerant to risperidone
Authors: Pae Chi‐Un , Lee Kyong‐Uk , Kim Jung‐Jin , Lee Chang‐Uk , Bahk Won‐Myong , Lee Soo‐Jung , Lee Chul , Paik In‐Ho 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis study evaluated the overall efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in the treatment of inpatients with acute mania who are intolerant to risperidone in combination with a mood stabilizer. Eighteen patients completed this 3‐week trial. The efficacy and tolerability was assessed upon admission, at baseline, and 1 and 3 weeks later. The Young mania rating scale (YMRS) and clinical global impression‐severity (CGI‐s) scores from the baseline to the endpoint, decreased by 39.8% and 40.0%, respectively. Fifteen (78.9%) and 18 (94.7%) patients exhibited at least a 50% improvement in the YMRS and CGI‐s scores by the end of the trial. Measurements taken through the Barnes akathisia rating scale (BARS), the Simpson‐Angus rating scale (SARS) and the drug attitude inventory shortened version‐10 (DAI‐10) also showed significant improvement.This study suggests that quetiapine may hold promise as an alternative regimen that does not worsen the psychopathology, particularly for those vulnerable to the side effects of drugs, including atypical agents such as risperidone, in naturalistic treatment settings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute and continuation risperidone monotherapy in mania
Authors: Vieta Eduard , Brugué Esteve , Goikolea José Manuel , Sánchez‐Moreno Jose , Reinares María , Comes Mercè , Colom Francesc , Martínez‐Arán Anabel , Benabarre Antoni , Torrent Carla 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of risperidone monotherapy for acute and continuation treatment of mania.MethodNinety‐six DSM‐IV acutely manic bipolar patients with a Young mania rating score (YMRS) of 20 or more entered this open, multicentre, 6‐month study. Efficacy was assessed with the YMRS, the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and the clinical global impressions scale (CGI). Safety was assessed with the UKU side effect rating scale and with the Hamilton depression rating scale, for the assessment of a switch to depression.Results80 patients (83.3%) completed the study. Using the last‐observation‐carried‐forward analysis, risperidone produced highly significant improvements (p < 0.0001) on the all efficacy measures from weeks 1 (YMRS) and 4 (PANSS and CGI) onwards, for a 6‐month period. There was a significant increase in extrapyramidal side‐effects by week 4 (p = 0.015) and a significant decrease at the 6‐month endpoint (p = 0.027). Risperidone did not induce depressive symptoms, as mean HDRS scores actually improved (p < 0.0001), and exacerbation of mania was rare (n = 4, 4.2%). The mean dose of risperidone was 4.2 mg/day.ConclusionMonotherapy with risperidone is effective and well tolerated in acute and continuation treatment of mania. The results should be confirmed in randomized, double‐blind clinical trials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress response of yeast candida intermedia to Cr(VI)
Authors: Jamnik Polona , Raspor Peter 
Published: January 2004

AbstractStress response of yeast Candida intermedia ZIM 156 exposed to chromium(VI) was investigated. Yeast cells were treated with Cr(VI) in concentrations of 50, 100, 300 and 500 μM in the mid‐exponential growth phase. Monitoring of some bioprocess parameters during growth, specifically pO2, showed that Cr(VI) addition, specifically in concentration of 100 and partially 50 μmol/L, increased metabolism intensity, which is connected to induced stress responses. Furthermore, oxidation of 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin indicated increased intracellular oxidant level, specifically at 100 μM Cr(VI) concentration. Antioxidant defense systems were further investigated. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was not increased in the cells exposed to the both Cr(VI) concentrations, which indicate that catalase and superoxide dismutase do not participate in cell defense systems. In contrast intracellular glutathione content in reduced form increased significantly in the cells exposed to 100 μmol Cr(VI)/L. Therefore, we demonstrated that glutathione plays an important role in the stress response of C. intermedia to Cr(VI). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:316–323, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10093