bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal convection analysis in a rotating shell by a parallel finite‐element method—development of a thermal‐hydraulic subsystem of GeoFEM
Authors: Matsui Hiroaki , Okuda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to propose a method for the numerical simulation of thermally driven convection in a rotating spherical shell modeled on the Earth's outer core using the GeoFEM thermal‐hydraulic subsystem, which provides a parallel finite‐element method (FEM) platform. This simulation is designed to assist in the understanding of the origin of the geomagnetic field and the dynamics of the fluid in the Earth's outer core. A three‐dimensional and time‐dependent process of a Boussinesq fluid in a rotating spherical shell is solved under the effects of self‐gravity and the Coriolis force. A tri‐linear hexahedral element is used for the spatial distribution. A total of $1.26 \times 10^5$ nodes were used on the spherical shell, and the finite‐element mesh was divided into 32 domains for parallel computation. The second‐order Adams–Bashforth scheme was used for the time integration of temperature and velocity. To satisfy mass conservation, a parallel iterative solver given by GeoFEM was used to solve for the pressure and correction of the velocity fields, and the simulation was performed over $10^5$ steps using four nodes of a Hitachi SR8000. To verify the proposed simulation code, results of the simulation are compared with analysis by the spectral method. The results show that the outline of convection is approximately equal; that is, three pairs of convection columns are formed, and these columns propagate westward in a quasi‐steady state. However, the magnitude of kinetic energy averaged over the shell is approximately 93% of that by the spectral method, and the drift frequency of the columns in the GeoFEM simulation is larger than that by the spectral method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of GeoFEM for high performance sequential computer architectures
Authors: Minami Kazuo , Okuda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this research, we focus on improving the performance of GeoFEM on a single processor using a common data structure and coding approach in order to optimize GeoFEM for implementation on various computer architectures including parallel systems. A new data structure and direct access coding are developed for fluid analysis and they are implemented on scalar, vector, and pseudovector architectures. A 17% increase in peak performance is obtained on pseudovector and scalar architectures, and a 20% peak performance improvement is achieved on vector architecture. By applying a new direct access coding approach, the peak performance of the structure solver is increased by 23% on pseudovector architecture and 28% on vector architecture. Architecture‐independent matrix assembly coding is developed and evaluated on vector and scalar machines. A performance of 736.8 flops is obtained for the matrix assembly process and 900.7 Mflops for the entire code on an NEC SX‐4 supercomputer. An average of 2.06 Gflops performance is obtained on a Fujitsu VPP5000 (peak: 9.6 Gflops), and 124 Mflops is obtained for the matrix assembling process on a 533‐MHz 21164 Alpha system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilizing psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the treatment of substance abusers
Authors: Marlo Helen , Kalinian Haygoush 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe traditional treatment of substance abuse based on the medical disease model has neglected psychological approaches to substance abuse, partly influenced by misconceptions regarding therapy. Other forms of treatment such as Cognitive‐Behavioural, Motivation Enhancement, and Transtheoretical Models have also been recently utilized. While these approaches have been effective for many individuals, they are not typically guided by a psychodynamic understanding of the individual nor do they address the interpersonal factors that influence psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic therapies do address these issues, although they have been an underutilized form of psychological treatment. The scope of this paper addresses how psychoanalytic models, that are not necessarily incompatible with other approaches may be utilized. Wurmser's Conflict Model and Khantzian's Self and Ego Deficit Model are discussed, and clinical case examples are provided to elucidate the application of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in practice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internalized shame and early interactions characterized by indifference, abandonment and rejection: replicated findings
Authors: Claesson Katja , Sohlberg Staffan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEmotions and interpersonal interaction and their interdependence are important issues in current clinical psychology. We studied memories of early interpersonal experience and their association to shame in two samples (N = 62, N = 122). Participants filled in the Internalized Shame Scale and the SASB (Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour) Intrex ‘Mother Acted Toward Me’. An association between memories of an ignoring, abandoning mother and shame was replicated in both samples. The non‐clinical nature of our samples demands caution, but therapists could profit from knowing that internalized shame tends to correlate with experiences of being met by indifference, abandonment and rejection. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double‐fluorescence image microscopy for quantitation of prostate‐specific antigen in histologic sections of the prostate
Authors: Wang Naining , Tribukait Bernhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the assessment of serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) has become a powerful instrument in the diagnosis and for prognosis of prostate carcinoma, there are few quantitative studies of PSA in tissue sections. Methods: We developed a technique using double‐fluorescence image microscopy for quantifying immunohistochemical reactions in tissue sections. PSA was stained by Texas Red and the cellular DNA was counterstained with 4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI). The fluorescence of Texas Red and DAPI was quantified separately after subtraction of background and shading correction. The amount of PSA related to the amount of DNA in identical tissue parts was studied in archival specimens from patients with hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma. Results: The amount of tissue PSA decreased with the increase in tumor grade, Gleason score, and the change from diploid to aneuploid. Conclusion: Double‐fluorescence image microscopy is a valuable technique for obtaining quantitative information of cellular constituents. For standardization of immunochemical reactions in tissue sections, cellular DNA seems to be most appropriate. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:144–152, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptotic rate: A new indicator for the quantification of the incidence of apoptosis in cell cultures
Authors: Prieto Alfredo , Díaz David , Barcenilla Hugo , García‐Suárez Julio , Reyes Eduardo , Monserrat Jorge , San Antonio Esther , Melero David , de la Hera Antonio , Orfao Alberto , Alvarez‐Mon Melchor 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundLate apoptotic cells divide into apoptotic bodies and are missed by current detection methods. This results in an artificially low apoptotic index (AI).MethodsThis study proposes a flow cytometry‐based ratiometric method that uses an internal reference standard of microbeads combined with fluorescein‐annexin V binding and 7‐aminoactinomycin D to enumerate viable, necrotic, and early and late apoptotic cells within specific subsets of a heterogeneous culture.ResultsIn the absence of cell growth, the number of apoptotic cells that undergo fragmentation into apoptotic bodies in culture can also be determined accurately by this method. This information can then be used to obtain the apoptotic rate (AR), a new indicator of apoptosis that calculates the proportion of cells that have undergone apoptosis with respect to the total number of seeded cells. The main limitation of the method is that the AR is only suitable for the study of apoptosis in noncycling cells.ConclusionsThis study reveals the superiority of the proposed method over the widely used Nicoletti method and current annexin‐V binding methods. The AI did not reflect the true incidence of lymphocyte apoptosis, neither in response to lectins or phorbol esters, nor to serum deprivation. AR was more sensitive than AI, detecting apoptosis at lower concentrations of cell death inducers in all the subsets studied. Cytometry 48:185–193, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aggregate bandwidth estimation in stored video distribution systems
Authors: Boggia G. , Camarda P. , Striccoli D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMultimedia applications like video on demand, distance learning, internet video broadcast, etc. will play a fundamental role in future broadband networks. A common aspect of such applications is the transmission of video streams that require a sustained relatively high bandwidth with stringent requirements of quality of service. In this paper various original algorithms for evaluating, in a video distribution system, a statistical estimation of aggregate bandwidth needed by a given number of smoothed video streams are proposed and discussed. The variable bit rate traffic generated by each video stream is characterized by its marginal distribution and by conditional probabilities between rates of temporary closed streams. The developed iterative algorithms evaluate an upper and lower bound of needed bandwidth for guaranteeing a given loss probability. The obtained results are compared with simulations and with other results, based on similar assumptions, already presented in the literature. Some considerations on the developed algorithms are made, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anaplastic T large cell lymphoma diagnosed by exfoliative cytology in a post renal transplant patient
Authors: Treaba Diana , Assad Lina , Goldberg Cathryn , Loew Jerome , Reddy Vijaya B. , Kluskens Larry , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the last two decades posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) have been recognized as a complication of organ transplantation with immunosuppression. The reported incidence of PTLDs in renal transplant patients ranges between 0.3–3% (Birkeland et al., Transplantation 1999;67:876–881). In contrast to the reported incidence of PTLDs in post bone marrow transplant, it is 1% in HLA‐matched recipients and up to 20% in HLA mismatched T‐cell depleted bone marrow recipients (Curtis et al., Blood 1996;94:2208–2216).2 In cardiac transplant recipients the reported incidence of PTLDs is between 1.8–9.8 (Mihalov et al., Clin Transplant 1996;10:248–255). PTLDs are predominately extranodal. They have varied morphologic patterns and clonality, but almost all are associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). The vast majority are of B cell lineage; only about 10% are of T‐cell origin. We report a T‐cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) presenting with bilateral pleural effusion and liver involvement in a renal transplant recipient. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:35–37. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic role of fine‐needle aspiration of bone lesions in patients with a previous history of malignancy
Authors: Treaba Diana , Assad Lina , Govil Hema , Sariya Dinesh , Reddy Vijaya B. , Kluskens Larry , Green Linda , Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAt the present time fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is considered a routine diagnostic procedure in evaluating neoplastic vs. nonneoplastic lesions in many organs, with high sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of FNA in areas of diagnostic difficulty and its limitations in evaluating bone lesions in patients with a previous history of malignancy. From 1989 to 2000, 249 CT‐guided FNAs of bone lesion were performed at our institutions; 187/249 (75.1%) patients had a previous history of malignancy. Aspirated material was air‐dried for Diff‐Quik stain or fixed in ethanol for Papanicolaou staining. Subsequent surgical tissue was available in 69/187 (36.9%) of the cases. There were 114 males and 73 females, ages 14–86 yr (mean, 64 yr). The primary tumor site was lung 49, genitourinary 46, breast 31, gastrointestinal 28, hematopoietic 26, soft tissue/skin 5, and thyroid 2. There were 125 FNAs of the vertebral spine, 19 from the pelvis, 11 from the ribs, 9 from the sternum, 5 from the femur, and 18 from miscellaneous bone sites. Out of 187, 166 (88.7%) were malignant aspirates confirming the patients' primary malignancies. The most common malignancy encountered was adenocarcinoma, 126/187 (67.4%). Surgical tissue was available for review in 69 patients and the results were in agreement with the FNAs diagnosis in all cases. Nine out of 187 (4.8%) cases were diagnosed as marrow elements on cytological material. These patients have been followed for 1–9 yr and have failed to reveal signs or symptoms of clinical recurrence. Three out of 187 (1.6%) cases showed osteomyelitis. Nine out of 187 (4.8%) were unsatisfactory specimens, with biopsy follow‐up available in four cases, showing three metastatic tumors and one case of osteomyelitis. FNA of metastatic bone lesions is a major step in pretreatment diagnosis. On satisfactory specimens, the cytological diagnosis viewed in the clinical‐radiological context proves to be similar to surgical diagnosis. FNA is an excellent technique with a high accuracy rate in assessing metastatic bone lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:380–383. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features of alveolar soft part sarcoma: Report of three cases
Authors: López‐Ferrer Pilar , Jiménez‐Heffernan José A. , Vicandi Blanca , González‐Peramato Pilar , Viguer José M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare, high‐grade, epithelial‐like sarcoma that shows characteristic histopathologic findings. Although a chromosomal anomaly that seems specific has been recently described, its diagnosis is based on histologic and ultrastructural features. The tumor shows no specific immunohistologic findings. Cytologic features of three cases of ASPS are presented. Preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the primary soft tissue tumor was performed in two cases. In another two, mediastinal and pulmonary and subcutaneous metastatic lesions were aspirated. In all cases the cytologic image was identical with numerous, dissociated, large neoplastic cells with round‐to‐plasmocytoid morphology. Cytoplasmic fragility and granularity with abundant, atypical, naked nuclei were present. In one case, FNA material was available for ultrastructural studies. It disclosed the characteristic cytoplasmic crystalline structures. A specific cytologic diagnosis of ASPS was given in all cases. In conclusion, ASPS is a rare neoplastic entity that shows a characteristic cytologic image. When accompanied by an adequate clinical context it permits specific preoperative recognition. While immunocytologic studies are helpful to exclude other neoplasms, ultrastructure may result in an exact diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:115–119. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biochemical profile of anseculin (KA‐672) at different brain receptors
Authors: Knauber J. , Müller W.E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAnseculin (KA‐672) is a multifunctional antidementia agent under development that may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of progressive neuronal and cognitive decline, which are common in Alzheimer disease. In vitro and ex vivo experiments have characterized anseculin as a potent functional antagonist of central α1‐adrenoceptors. In comparison to prazosin, the in vitro potency of anseculin for α1‐adrenoceptors is about 8 times less. Like prazosin, anseculin shows an inhibition of phenylephrine‐ (norepinephrine‐) induced accumulation of inositol phosphates. Oral treatment with 1 mg/kg anseculin or 1 mg/kg prazosin show similar effects on α1‐adrenergic receptor binding ex vivo, indicating a greater ex vivo potency of anseculin on central α1‐adrenergic receptors. Anseculin has only weak affinity for central muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Anseculin inhibited adenylate cyclase and reduced intracelluar cAMP levels of about 30%, similar to the 5‐HT1A agonist, 8‐OH‐DPAT. Together with its high affinity for 5‐HT1A receptors (IC50 for 3H‐8‐OH‐DPAT binding is about 8 nM), these data suggest that anseculin also exhibits 5‐HT1A agonistic properties. Drug Dev. Res. 55:187–196, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosing coronary artery disease in diabetic patients
Authors: Ashley Euan A. , Raxwal Vinod , Finlay Malcolm , Froelicher Victor 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough several diagnostic modalities are available to the clinician interested in diagnosing coronary artery disease, very few have been validated in diabetic populations. This review discusses the non‐invasive diagnosis of coronary disease in diabetic patients. Evidence regarding the prevalence and prognostic significance of silent ischemia is reviewed and the potential impact of silent ischemia on the diagnostic characteristics of the exercise treadmill test discussed. Other diagnostic tools are considered, and recommendations are made with respect to screening asymptomatic diabetic patients for coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of ErbB3, ErbB4, and neuregulin‐1 mRNA during tooth development
Authors: Fried K. , Risling M. , Tidcombe H. , Gassmann M. , Lillesaar C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinases ErbB3 and ErbB4, which bind to various variants of neuregulin (NRG), play fundamental roles in neural development and in organs, which form through epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions. Here, we demonstrate that NRG‐1 and the receptors ErbB3 and ErbB4 are expressed locally during rodent tooth development. However, the mRNA expression patterns of ErbB3 and ErbB4 were distinctly different during odontogenesis. Examinations of teeth in genetically heart‐rescued ErbB4‐/‐ mice did not reveal any obvious deviation from the normal phenotype. The results suggest that ErbB3 and ErbB4 may participate in tooth morphogenesis. The specific interactions between NRG isoforms and ErbB receptors during this process remain to be determined. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clonal analysis of patterns of growth, stem cell activity, and cell movement during the development and maintenance of the murine corneal epithelium
Authors: Collinson J. Martin , Morris Lucy , Reid Alasdair I. , Ramaesh Thaya , Keighren Margaret A. , Flockhart Jean H. , Hill Robert E. , Tan Seong‐Seng , Ramaesh Kanna , Dhillon Baljean , West John D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPatterns of growth and cell movement in the developing and adult corneal epithelium were investigated by analysing clonal patches of LacZ‐expressing cells in chimeric and X‐inactivation mosaic mice. It was found that cell proliferation throughout the basal corneal epithelium during embryogenesis and early postnatal life creates a disordered mosaic pattern of LacZ+ clones that contrasts with patterns of proliferation and striping produced during the later embryonic stages of retinal pigmented epithelium development. The early mosaic pattern in the corneal epithelium is replaced in the first 12 postnatal weeks by an ordered pattern of radial stripes or sectors that reflects migration without mixing of the progeny of clones of limbal stem cells. In contrast to previous assumptions, it was found that maturation of the activity of limbal stem cells and the pattern of migration of their progeny are delayed for several weeks postnatally. No evidence was found for immigration of the progeny of stem cells until the 5th postnatal week. There are approximately 100 clones of limbal stem cells initially, and clones are lost during postnatal life. Our studies provide a new assay for limbal and corneal defects in mutant mice. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol and drug‐related negative consequences in college students with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
Authors: Dunn Erin C. , Larimer Mary E. , Neighbors Clayton 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between disordered eating and substance use in a nonclinical sample of college students.MethodParticipants completed the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS), which includes full diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and anorexia nervosa (AN) as outlined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, as well as assessments of both alcohol and drug use and use‐related consequences.ResultsIndividuals meeting criteria for BN reported more alcohol‐related negative consequences despite the fact that they did not drink significantly more alcohol and did not drink more frequently than non–eating‐disordered individuals. Similarly, individuals with BN reported more negative consequences related to illicit drug use than non–eating‐disordered individuals, although no differences in lifetime and recent use of drugs were found.DiscussionResults highlight the importance of distinguishing between use and consequences in evaluating eating disorders and comorbid substance use problems. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 171–178, 2002.
A frequency offset compensation scheme for the received signal under the influence of Rician fading channels with a direct component shifted by Doppler effect
Authors: Asahara Takashi , Kojima Toshiharu , Miyake Makoto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA scheme that estimates and compensates for the frequency offset from the phase rotation of pilot symbols is proposed as a carrier frequency offset compensation scheme that periodically inserts pilot symbols in the transmitted signal. Since the frequency offset is estimated and compensated for at a frequency close to the direct path wave when a conventional scheme is applied in a Rician fading environment where the direct path wave is Doppler shifted, the Doppler spread appears to widen further, the estimation error of the fading distortion increases, and the error rate performance degrades. In this paper, we propose a frequency offset compensation scheme that estimates the center frequency of the Doppler spread and reduces the effects of the Doppler‐shifted direct path wave by (1) calculating the signal power in the frequency domain by taking the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the pilot symbols and (2) smoothing the signal power in a frequency window. Computer simulations demonstrate the superior error rate performance of the proposed scheme compared to the conventional scheme and clearly show its effectiveness. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 65–75, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10006