bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress audits as a precursor to stress management workshops: An evaluation of the process
Authors: Ormond Wayne E. , Keown‐Gerrard Janine L. , Kline Theresa 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis study describes the stress audit process and how it can be effectively linked with stress management
workshop development and delivery. Specifically, four stress audits and four workshops based on them were
conducted within an organization. Reactions indicated that the stress audit is a valuable tool for trainers.
Low doses of alcohol have a selective effect on the recognition of happy facial expressions
Authors: Kano Michiko , Gyoba Jiro , Kamachi Miyuki , Mochizuki Hideki , Hongo Michio , Yanai Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAlcohol is one of the most widely used recreational drugs, yet it is associated with undesirable social behaviour. It is used primarily for its psychoactive properties, increasing sociability and talkativeness. We hypothesize that low doses of alcohol can improve the performance related to positive emotional cognition. In this experiment, we examined the effect of low doses of alcohol on the processing of emotional facial expressions. Fifteen young male volunteers drank alcohol at volumes of 30, 60, 120 ml (0.14, 0.28, 0.56 g/kg) and performed discrimination tasks on morphed facial emotion expressions of anger, happiness, sadness and surprise‐neutral. One‐way ANOVA co‐varying pretreatment performances revealed significant differences between alcohol levels in happy face discrimination ( p<0.01). Bonferroni correction demonstrated that low doses of alcohol caused a significantly better discrimination of happy faces, and that the performances were worse with higher doses ( p<0.001). No significance was observed with the other three emotional faces. These results indicate that low doses of alcohol affect positive emotional cognition of happy facial expressions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mirtazapine in combination with amitriptyline: a drug–drug interaction study in healthy subjects
Authors: Sennef C. , Timmer C. J. , Sitsen J. M. A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine (30 mg/day orally) and amitriptyline (75 mg/day orally) during combined administration compared with that of either drug administered alone. To evaluate the tolerability and effects on psychometric tests of acute and subchronic administration of both drugs combined and alone.MethodsIn a single‐blind, three‐way cross‐over study, 24 (12 male and 12 female) healthy subjects were randomly assigned to six different sequences of three 9‐day treatments, i.e. racemic mirtazapine (30 mg/day), amitriptyline (75 mg/day) or the combination of these drugs. To control for acute pharmacodynamic assessments, during the first treatment period, a placebo group (n = 8; 4 females and 4 males) was added. Serial blood samples were drawn for plasma level measurements that were subsequently subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis. Psychometric tests assessed attentional performance, and a computer‐assisted telephone questionnaire assessed self‐ratings of drowsiness/alertness and sleep quality.ResultsAmitriptyline increased the Cmax of mirtazapine (+ 36%, p < 0.05) in male subjects only. Mirtazapine altered the Cmax of amitriptyline in both male (+ 23%, p < 0.05) and female (− 23%, p < 0.05) subjects. No changes were observed for other pharmacokinetic parameters. Metabolite parameters were not affected. Changes in parent compound levels mainly resulted from effects on absorption. The psychometric test results did not reveal significant changes between combined and single drug treatments. The telephone registrations of VAMRS and LSEQ did not show clinically relevant differences between the active treatments.ConclusionCombined administration of mirtazapine (30 mg/day) and amitriptyline (75 mg/day) alters the pharmacokinetics of either compound to a minor extent. Adding one drug to the other and substituting one drug by the other had no major effects on tolerability. Nevertheless, caution is warranted when combining amitriptyline and mirtazapine. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A preliminary study of baclofen‐induced growth hormone release in generalised social phobia
Authors: Condren Rita M. , Lucey Jim V. , Thakore Jogin H. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe authors sought to examine central GABAB receptor responses in patients with generalised social phobia using the growth hormone (GH) response to baclofen.MethodBaclofen 20 mg was administered to 15 patients and 15 healthy matched controls and plasma growth hormone was monitored over a 3 h period.ResultsThe GH response in patients was significantly reduced in comparison to that of controls when calculated as both area under the curve (AUC) and delta (Δ) response.ConclusionsThe results suggest an abnormality of central GABAB receptor function in this disorder. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of citalopram on ouabain‐induced arrhythmia in isolated guinea‐pig atria
Authors: Pousti Abbas , Malihi Golrokh , Naghibi Bijan 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe effect of citalopram (CTP) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agent was studied on ouabain‐induced arrhythmia in spontaneously beating isolated guinea‐pig atria. CTP (2–32 μg/ml) produced a dose‐dependent decrease in the force of contractions (7–62%), and in the rate of contractions (11–72%). Pre‐administration of the atria with CTP inhibited the ouabain‐induced arrhythmia in isolated atria. Ouabain alone (1.2 μg/ml) produced arrhythmia at 4.5 min, and asystole at 20.7 min. Pretreatment with CTP (8 μg/ml) significantly increased the time of onset of arrhythmia to 9.5 min. In addition CTP prolonged the beating of atria (survival time) to more than 56 min, and inhibited the occurrence of asystole. These findings indicate that CTP produces direct cardiac action, probably due to the inhibition of cardiac Na+ and Ca2+ channels. Moreover our results suggest that CTP may reduce the membrane conductance through inhibition of ionic channels which decrease ouabain‐induced arrhythmia. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young children's spontaneous utterances of mental terms and the accuracy of their memory behaviors: a different methodological approach
Authors: Cherney Isabelle D. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether young children's spontaneous utterances of mental terms would be congruent with the accuracy of their memory behaviours, and whether the use of an incidental memory task would yield similar developmental patterns as other methodologies. It was hypothesized that if children realize that internal mental activities influence behavioural actions, then the children's behavioural actions (recall) would be congruent with their utterances. A total of 27 three‐ and five‐year‐old children spontaneously used cognitive verbs such as knowing, forgetting, remembering, thinking, guessing and betting during a recall task. The results revealed that 39% of the 3‐year‐old children's behavioural responses and 67% of the 5‐year‐old children were congruent with their spontaneous utterances. These and other findings were consistent with studies that utilized different methodologies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of early relational antecedents and other factors on the parental sensitivity of mothers and fathers
Authors: Pelchat Diane , Bisson Jocelyn , Bois Caroline , Saucier Jean‐François 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis study examines the effect of early relational antecedents (ERA, i.e. the quality of parenting parents recalled receiving as children), parenting stress, marital stress, socio‐economic factors and children's characteristics (gender and disability condition) on the parental sensitivity of mothers and fathers. The sample consisted of 116 mothers and 84 fathers of 117 eighteen month old children drawn from a larger longitudinal study on the adaptation of parents to a child with a disability. Thirty‐four children were diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS), 51 with a cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), and 32 were non‐disabled children. Multiple regression analyses reveal that mothers' sensitivity is best predicted by her level of education and family income, whereas fathers' sensitivity is best predicted by their ERA, marital stress, family income and the child's disability condition. Mothers with more education and a greater family income displayed a greater sensitivity to their children, as did fathers who perceive less marital stress, those with a greater family income and those who perceived their parents as less controlling. Also, fathers of children with DS displayed less sensitivity for their children than fathers of children with CLP or fathers of non‐disabled children. These results concord with many studies about the importance of socio‐economic factors, ERA, marital stress, parent's gender and children's factors in the understanding of parental sensitivity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sociodemographic determinants of incidence of primary fallopian tube carcinoma, Finland 1953–97
Authors: Riska Annika , Leminen Arto , Pukkala Eero 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPrimary fallopian tube carcinoma is very rare. In Western countries, it accounts for about 1% of all female genital malignant tumors. Its etiology remains poorly known, but high parity is considered to be protective. We studied determinants of incidence of primary fallopian tube carcinoma in Finland. Incidence rates for primary fallopian tube carcinoma, according to the population based Finnish Cancer Registry, from 1953– 97 were assessed by age, year of diagnosis, and type of residential area. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for the years 1971– 95 were calculated by occupation and social class variables taken from the 1970 Population Census. There were 485 cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma registered during 45 years. The age‐adjusted incidence rate increased from 1.2/1,000,000 in 1953–57 to 5.4/1,000,000 in 1993–97. This 4.5‐fold increase in incidence rate corresponds to a 7‐fold increase in the number of new cases. The increase is attributable to the age group beyond 55 years, the peak incidence occurring between 60–64 years. Although the relative increase in incidence rate has been larger in rural areas than in cities, the rate in the latter remains 2‐fold. Women in the 2 highest social classes had a 1.8‐fold incidence (95% CI = 1.2–2.6) as compared to the lowest social class. Women in agriculture and those not working outside the home had only half the cancer incidence of those in academic or clerical occupations. The incidence of primary fallopian tube carcinoma increases in Finland. Evidently, the incidence has increased simultaneously with the affluence of urban life. Part of the variation in incidence correlates with variation in parity. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prinomastat, a hydroxamate inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, has a complex effect on migration of breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Deryugina Elena I. , Ratnikov Boris I. , Strongin Alex Y. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractMembrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) and αvβ3 integrin have been directly implicated in tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. We have demonstrated that in the case of breast carcinoma MCF7 cells co‐expressing MT1‐MMP and αvβ3 integrin, the proteinase processes the pro‐αv integrin subunit, thus facilitating αvβ3 integrin maturation and cell migration on vitronectin. Our findings show that cell surface MT1‐MMP is a short‐lived protein with a life span in the range of several hours. In contrast, turnover of αvβ3 integrin is much slower. The half‐life of αvβ3 heterodimer is about 24 hr. This large difference in life span allowed us to distinguish between the effects of MT1‐MMP on cell migration brought by matrix proteolysis from those imposed through αvβ3 integrin maturation. We then modulated the enzyme's activity by a potent hydroxamate MMP inhibitor, Prinomastat (AG3340), to analyze the divergent effects of MT1‐MMP on cell migration. Although Prinomastat immediately blocked MT1‐MMP‐mediated matrix degradation, the pool of MT1‐MMP‐modified αvβ3 integrin molecules was still capable of mediating cell‐matrix interactions. To our considerable surprise, inhibition of MT1‐MMP‐dependent vitronectin proteolysis by Prinomastat allowed a several‐fold increase in migration of MCF7 cells co‐expressing MT1‐MMP and αvβ3 integrin. In contrast, long‐term Prinomastat inhibition of MT1‐MMP‐dependent pro‐αv cleavage and thus αvβ3 integrin maturation strongly inhibited cell motility. Our studies suggest that MT1‐MMP could actually promote cell migration via modification of the cell surface receptors, including αvβ3 integrin, rather than facilitate cell migration through direct cleavage of the matrix proteins. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pivotal role for ERK in the oncogenic behaviour of malignant melanoma?
Authors: Smalley Keiran S.M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDuring the process of oncogenic transformation, melanoma cells escape from normal growth‐control mechanisms and acquire the ability to invade surrounding tissues and organs. The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is a major pathway involved in the control of growth signals, cell survival and invasion. Melanomas are known to harbour activating mutations of both Ras and BRAF, suggesting that the downstream effector ERK may be playing a major role in the oncogenic behaviour of these tumours. The past few years have seen a growth in the understanding of the role of ERK and the MAP kinase pathway in melanoma. The aim of the current review is to assess the role of ERK in melanoma behaviour and to determine whether modulation of these kinases could offer new therapeutic opportunities. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hodgkin lymphoma and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV): No evidence to support hit‐and‐run mechanism in cases classified as non‐EBV‐associated
Authors: Gallagher Alice , Perry Jacqueline , Freeland June , Alexander Freda E. , Carman William F. , Shield Lesley , Cartwright Ray , Jarrett Ruth F. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a proportion of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases, and this association is believed to be causal. The aetiology of cases lacking EBV in the tumour cells (EBV HRS‐ve), which make up the majority of cases in western countries, is obscure. It has been suggested that EBV may also cause these tumours by using a hit‐and‐run mechanism. Support for this idea comes from the finding that most young adult patients, who are likely to have a good immune response to EBV, have EBV HRS‐ve HL. We investigated this possibility using a combined serologic and molecular approach. Analysis of EBV seroprevalence rates in an epidemiologic study of young adult HL revealed that cases with EBV HRS‐ve HL were more likely to be EBV‐seronegative than controls. Furthermore, additional studies clearly showed that some HL patients have never been infected by EBV. Quantitative PCR was used to look for the presence of deleted EBV genomes in a series of adult cases with both EBV HRS+ve and HRS‐ve HL. Subgenomic fragments were detected in equimolar proportions. This study, therefore, found no evidence to support the idea that a hit‐and‐run mechanism involving EBV plays a role in the pathogenesis of HL. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) in human urinary bladder carcinoma and growth inhibition by its agonists
Authors: Yoshimura Rikio , Matsuyama Masahide , Segawa Yoshihiro , Hase Taro , Mitsuhashi Makoto , Tsuchida Kennji , Wada Seiji , Kawahito Yutaka , Sano Hajime , Nakatani Tatsuya 
Published: February 2003

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator activator‐receptors(PPAR)‐γ is expressed in various cancer tissues and its ligand induces growth arrest of these cancer cells through apoptosis. In our study, we investigated the expression of PPAR‐α, β and γ in human bladder tumor (BT) and normal bladder (NB) tissues as well as the effects of PPAR‐γ ligands. Specimens were obtained from 170 patients with BT and 20 with NB. The expressions were investigated using RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical methods. We also investigated the inhibitory effect of PPAR‐γ ligands on BT‐derived cell line. Immunoreactive PPAR‐α and ‐β were significantly apparent in both BT and NB tissues. Although no marked expression of PPAR‐γ was observed in NB tissue, significant expression was found in BT tissue. The extent and intensity of immunoreactive PPAR‐γ polypeptides in BT cells were statistically much greater than those of NB cells. Correlation between PPAR‐γ expression and tissue type or progression of bladder cancer was observed; PPAR‐γ expression was higher in G3 of bladder cancer than in G1 and was higher in advanced than in early cancer. PPAR‐γ agonists, troglitazone and 15‐deoxy‐Δ12, 14‐prostaglandin J2 inhibited the growth of the BT cells. PPAR‐γ is expressed in bladder tumor, and results suggest that PPAR‐γ ligands may mediate potent antiproliferative effects against BT cells. Thus, PPAR‐γ has the ability to become a new target in treatment of bladder tumor. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resveratrol acts as an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist in breast cancer cells stably transfected with ER α
Authors: Levenson Anait S. , Gehm Barry D. , Pearce Sandra Timm , Horiguchi Jun , Simons Laura A. , Ward James E. , Jameson J. Larry , Jordan V. Craig 
Published: February 2003

AbstractResveratrol (Res) is a phytoestrogen found in grapes and present in red wine. Res has been shown to function as an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, but it remains unclear whether it may also exert antagonist activity. Our aim was to study the effects of Res at both the molecular (TGFα gene activation) and the cellular (cell growth) levels in breast cancer cells stably transfected with wild‐type (wt) ER(D351) and mutant (mut) ER (D351Y). TGFα mRNA induction was used as a specific marker of estradiol (E2) responsiveness. Res caused a concentration‐dependent (10−8–10−4 M) stimulation of TGFα mRNA, indicating that it acts as an estrogen agonist in these cell lines. The pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) blocked Res‐induced activation of TGFα, consistent with action through an ER‐mediated pathway. Further studies that combined treatments with E2 and Res showed that Res does not act as an antagonist in the presence of various (10−11−10−8 M) concentrations of E2. To determine whether Res can be classified as a type I or type II estrogen (Jordan et al., Cancer Res 2001;61:6619–23,), we examined Res with the D351G ER in the TGFα assay and found that Res belongs to the type I estrogens. Both Res and E2 had concentration‐dependent growth inhibitory effects in cells expressing wtER and D351Y ER. Although the pure antiestrogen ICI blocked the growth inhibitory effects of E2, it did not block the inhibitory effects of Res, suggesting that the antiproliferative effects of Res also involve ER‐independent pathways. Interestingly, Res differentially affected the levels of ER protein in these 2 cell lines: Res down‐regulated wtER levels while significantly up‐regulating the amount of mutD351Y ER. Co‐treatment with ICI resulted in strongly reduced ER levels in both cell lines. Gene array studies revealed Res‐induced up‐regulation of more than 80 genes, among them a profound activation of p21CIP1/WAF1, a gene associated with growth arrest. The p21CIP1/WAF1 protein levels measured by Western blotting confirmed Res‐induced significant up‐regulation of this protein in both cell lines. In summary, Res acts as an ER agonist at low doses but also activates ER‐independent pathways, some of which inhibit cell growth. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori and carcinogenesis of gastric B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Seydel Johannes , Ullrich Andreas , Bender Ralf , Fischbach Wolfgang , Blettner Maria 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPrimary non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas of the stomach are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. We analyzed gastric lymphoma onset data with respect to prior H. pylori infections based on the multistage theory of carcinogenesis. This theory provides a link between epidemiological data and biological processes. The study involved 133 patients, aged 29–75 years, diagnosed with marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZBL) and diffuse large cell B‐cell lymphoma (DLBL). A 2‐parametric Weibull model was applied to MZBL and DLBL onset data. Median age of diagnosis of MZBL (DLBL) was 59 years (55 years) in males and 65.5 years (64 years) in females. Infection with H. pylori was found in 81.3% (59.5%) of the patients diagnosed with MZBL (DLBL). Lymphoma latency data were fitted to Weibull distributions with a shape parameter of 5.7 for MZBL cases and 4.2 for DLBL. The shape parameter that indicates the number of steps in carcinogenesis was approximately independent of the status of infection with H. pylori in DLBL in contrast to MZBL. It was shown that gastric lymphoma onset data can be described by Weibull distribution functions. The findings support the hypothesis that MZBL and DLBL have different lines of development. There is indication of stronger antigen dependency in the carcinogenesis of MZBL in comparison to DLBL. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CYP1A1 T3801 C polymorphism and lung cancer: A pooled analysis of 2,451 cases and 3,358 controls
Authors: Vineis Paolo , Veglia Fabrizio , Benhamou Simone , Butkiewicz Dorota , Cascorbi Ingolf , Clapper Margie L. , Dolzan Vita , Haugen Aage , Hirvonen Ari , Ingelman‐Sundberg Magnus , Kihara Masahiro , Kiyohara Chikako , Kremers Pierre , Le Marchand Loic , Ohshima Susumu , Pastorelli Roberta , Rannug Agneta , Romkes Marjorie , Schoket Bernadette , Shields Peter , Strange Richard C. , Stucker Isabelle , Sugimura Haruhiko , Garte Seymour , Gaspari Laura , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: February 2003

AbstractCYP1A1 is involved in the metabolism of benzopyrene, a suspected lung carcinogen; it is therefore conceivable that genetically determined variations in its activity modify individual susceptibility to lung cancer. The role of the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism in lung cancer has been widely studied but has not been fully clarified. We have included 2,451 cases and 3,358 controls in a pooled analysis of 22 case‐control studies on CYP1A1 and lung cancer risk. We found a clear association between the CYP1A1 homozygous MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and lung cancer risk in Caucasians (age‐ and gender‐adjusted odds ratio = 2.36; 95% confidence interval 1.16–4.81); other associations were weaker or not statistically significant. The association with the homozygous variant was equally strong for squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas among Caucasians. We analyzed the risk by duration of smoking: for Caucasian subjects with the MspI RFLP combined variants (homozygotes plus heterozygotes), the increase in the risk of lung cancer was steeper than among the individuals with the homozygous reference allele. Our analysis suggests that Caucasians with homozygous variant CYP1A1 polymorphism have a higher risk of lung cancer. The data were more consistent among Caucasians, with a strong association between the homozygous variant in both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, and a stronger association in men than in women. The analyses were more inconsistent and failed to reach statistical significance in Asians. This observation might be due to design specificities or unknown effect modifiers in the Asian studies. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.