bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homoeopathy
Authors: Lewith George , Kenyon Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
George Lewith is honorary senior research fellow at Southampton University and honorary consultant physician at Southampton General Hospital. His research interests include evaluating the effectiveness of complementary medicine, particularly acupuncture and homoeopathy, in a variety of clinical conditions. Julian Kenyon is a partner in the Centre for the Study of Complementary Medicine in Southampton and London. He is also Research Director of the Dove Healing Trust, a medical research charity looking at the scientific nature of subtle energies. He has a particular interest in cancer and its treatment using an eclectic complementary approach.
Music therapy
Authors: Lee Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The use of music therapy can be crucial for many patients living with cancer. When diag nosed with a life-threatening illness many people feel the need to re-evaluate their lives; to find that creative part that has been suppressed by the realities of day-to-day living. Music therapy, as a co-creative process between patient and therapist, can empower people to find their artistic selves and use their musical expression as a means for exploration and health. Music provides the opportunity to communicate that which cannot be spoken. It can facilitate powerful experiences of reminiscence and distract from the real ities of physical pain. It is the portend of this chapter that music should not be used casually or prescriptively. Often in healthcare settings music is abused; the constant use of background sounds from radios, televisions, and hi-fi systems can become aggravating and potentially stressful. Silence is preferable to the use of uninformed music. Music chosen with and for the patient can, however, be intensely therapeutic. Music therapy as an intricate therapeutic phenomena, should only be practised by qualified and experienced individuals. Music should, however, be embraced and used by all healthcare professionals and is an ideal therapeutic tool that can be used in conjunction with more formal treatment procedures. The empathic use of music, and its potential to inspire the spirit, can enrich all our lives.
The vascular anatomy of the cerebral and craniofacial circulation
Authors: Mounayer C , Maurice J P Saint , Chapot R , Merland J J , Houdart E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The topographical vascular anatomy of the brain and craniofacial system is complex. This chapter outlines this anatomy for the interventional neuroradiologist, emphasizing how such anatomical knowledge can be applied in clinical practice. The blood supply of the head can be divided into two parts: the cerebral circulation, comprising the internal carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial networks, and the craniofacial circulation, which is largely derived from the external carotid arterial network. These two systems are not isolated from each other. There are a large number of anastomoses between the two networks and recognizing and understanding them are fundamental skills for anybody performing endovascular treatments, particularly in the external carotid arterial network.
Treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the brain
Authors: Wikholm G , Pellettieri L , Karlsson B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principal treatment options for patients with arteriovenous malformations of the brain—neuro- surgical treatment, stereotactic radiotherapy and endovascular embolization—will be considered in this chapter. Endovascular embolization is the main focus of the chapter, but since it is frequently supplemented with radiosurgery or neurosurgery it is appropriate to discuss all three options together. Treatment strategies vary between different centres and commonly depend as much on local expertise and medical culture as on evidence from comparative clinical trials. Evidence from prospective randomized trials is difficult to obtain because arteriovenous malformations of the brain are relatively rare and ill-defined.
Organization of an interventional neuroradiology service
Authors: Royston D D , Forie P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interventional neuroradiology has emerged along- side neurosurgery as a medical specialty offering minimally invasive therapies for neurovascular dis- eases (Byrne 1997). The unique skills and expertise of the interventional neuroradiologist are complementary to those of neurosurgeons and neurologists. Interventional neuroradiology cannot be successfully practised without the support of colleagues in both these specialties. Of these relationships, that with neurosurgery is crucial, and because the interventional neuroradiologist needs to work closely with neurosurgeons, the subspecialty is best practised within the framework of a neurovascular unit.
Making and implementing timely legal decisions for children: research on a court sample
Authors: Hunt Joan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principle enacted in the legislation, that delay was poten tially damaging and should be avoided, was informed both by a venerable general literature on attachment and separation for example, Rowe and Lambert published their seminal study, Children who wait. This highlighted the numbers of young children who were ‘drifting’ in long-term public care because there was little active planning for their future
Computerized tomography scanning
Authors: Mester Adam R , Mako Erno K , Karlinger Kinga , Nemeth Laszlo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Separation of superimposed structures occurs with both computerized and conventional (mechanical) tomography. Conventional tomography was performed using linear, circular, or elliptical movements of the X-ray tube and the film. This technique gave good definition of a layer of the patient of variable thickness, while the structures above and below were obscured. This technique nowadays is largely obsolete. Computerized tomography (CT) provides cross-sectional scans, digitally imaged.
Imaging in muscle disease
Authors: Scott David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imaging methods do not have a primary role in either the diagnosis or assessment of the majority of patients with muscle diseases. This is in contradistinction to their key role in evaluating other forms of musculoskeletal disease and, in particular, arthritis. However, the continuing development of new imaging methods is changing this situation, and in a minority of patients with muscle disease imaging methods can make substantial impacts on the clinical care patients are given.
Imaging in osteoarthritis
Authors: Manek Nisha J , MacGregor Alex J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Osteoarthritis is one of many synonymous terms used to describe a group of conditions affecting synovial joints. Although often referred to as ‘degenerative’, osteoarthritis (OA) is a dynamic phenomenon that reflects the balance between joint tissue destruction and repair. The clinical and radiographic features in any affected joint are determined by the relative vigour of these opposing processes. It is more process than disease, occurring in almost any condition that causes a disparity between mechanical stress applied to articular cartilage and the ability of the cartilage to withstand that stress. In general, the pathological processes are characterized by loss of articular cartilage with overgrowth and remodelling of bone. If severe, these pathological features lead to radiological changes, which are commonly used to make the diagnosis.
Child protection in a multicultural society
Authors: Debelle Geoff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of us have the opportunity and privilege of living and working in a multicultural society. Child abuse occurs in such a society within situations that demand vigilance, understanding and sensitivity. In this chapter, I will draw on an expanding body of literature and experience to provide guidance for primary care practitioners on how to recognize such abuse, how to distinguish it from apparent cultural norms, and how best to contribute to a positive outcome.Explanations for child abuse and neglect can be considered using an ecological framework. Within such a framework, the social and cultural milieu of the child and family are important factors. I will outline this ecological framework, define what I mean by the terms culture, race and ethnicity and then attempt to define child abuse within a multicultural context. To do this, I will draw heavily on the British and US experience. The key question I will be attempting to answer is this: Is recognition and referral of possible child abuse affected by the cultural context in which it occurs? To put it more starkly: Do thresholds of concern for abuse shift up or down if the child is from a black or minority ethnic group? I will also provide examples where certain culturally sanctioned practices can be mistaken for child abuse.
The training needs care of primary health teams in child protection
Authors: Bannon Michael J , Carter Yvonne H , Jackson Neil R , Blair Mitch 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The child protection framework in England is defined within Working Together to Safeguard Children(Department of Health 1999). This document, a substantial revision of previous versions, clearly defines both the roles and responsibilities of all health professionals in the overall process of ensuring that children are protected from the threat of abuse or neglect (cf. Table 5.1). Successful implementation of child protection procedures is, in part therefore, dependent on appropriate responsive behaviour on the part of all professionals who maintain significant contact with children and their families.
Neglect and its impact on child welfare
Authors: Jones Jocelyn , Gupta Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Childhood neglect is a significant and endemic problem in Britain, and it has been underestimated and arguably ‘neglected ‘ by child welfare professionals (Minty and Pattinson 1994; Stevenson 1998; Jones and Gupta 1998). In England, registrations for neglect on the Child Protection Register have been increasing steadily, and since 1997 neglect has been the most frequently used category for registration (Department of Health 1999a). Evidence from research shows that neglect can significantly impair children ‘s health and development (Polansky et al.1981; Corby 1993; Minty and Pattinson 1994; Bifulco and Moran 1996), and affect parenting capacity at a later stage (Gaudin 1993; Coohey 1995). This chapter considers the nature of child neglect, and professional responses within the current context of child welfare provision.
Emotional abuse
Authors: Hall Alyson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emotional abuse is probably the most difficult form of child abuse for any professional to recognize because there are no obvious physical signs and the child does not usually say anything to any one which might draw attention to his difficulties. The abnormal aspects of parenting or caring which may cause significant harm to children are seen to a lesser extent in many, if not most families, at different points in time. The line between worrying behaviour on the part of parents and emotional abuse is ill-defined and, except in extreme cases, a decision to intervene can usually only be made after concerns persist.
The child protection case conference
Authors: Thorn Wendy , Bannon Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Communication and coordination are fundamental to the entire child protection process. Repeated public inquiries into high profile cases of severe child maltreatment have emphasized the need for effective flows of information between agencies and individual professionals regarding the welfare of individual children (Butler-Sloss 1988; Blom-Cooper 1987). In the UK, the main forum for communication and inter- vention with respect to the protection of children from abuse is the Child Protection Case Conference(CPCC). This represents a multidisciplinary meeting attended by members of a child ‘s family and involved professionals from a number of agencies. The meeting is chaired by a senior professional (usually from Social Services).
Working together as a team to protect children
Authors: Narducci Tom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have worked in child protection since the early 1980s, and like many of my social work colleagues, had assumed that General Practitioners (GPs) and other health professionals had received similar basic training in child protection and the child protection system. Like others, I thought the training provided by the Area Child Protection Committee (ACPC) built upon existing knowledge.Understandably, given that statement, I shared many of the frustrations highlighted throughout the available research relating to inter-agency working in general, and in particular to the involvement of GPs and other health workers. Apart from health visitors, whom I have always found to be particularly helpful and engaged, I have otherwise been disappointed in what has at times felt like indifference to child protec- tion work within the health sector.
Prevention: current and future trends
Authors: Browne Kevin D , Hamilton Catherine E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The contents of this book reflect the debate about what services can be delivered in order to prevent child abuse and neglect and ameliorate the traumatic consequences for victims of child maltreatment. Most authors conclude that a multisector, interdisciplinary approach is the most effective way of working together to provide protection to children (Hallett and Birchell 1992; Department of Health 1995, 1999). Indeed, guidelines have been published by the Department of Health (1999) on how a range of professionals can work together to safeguard children.The aims of this chapter are to consider the future of child protection, and suggest ways in which prevention of child abuse and neglect can be enhanced by adopting a more holistic public health approach.
Oral complications of cancer
Authors: Sbanotto Alberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oral cavity problems represent a major issue in advanced cancer patients. They may strongly interfere with fundamental functions, namely speaking, eating, and respiration. Moreover, they carry relevant psychosocial consequences. The treatment of these complications should often begin during the initial phases of the illness, when aggressive treatment (e.g. combined chemotherapies and radiotherapies) may produce unavoidable toxicities to normal cells. In this chapter we discuss the most frequent complications of the oral cavity, considering also cancer treatment-related problems, which may affect the oral tissues of advanced cancer patients.
Endoscopic approach in treating gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Spinelli Pasquale 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The treatment of the symptoms of a disease has to be done when it is impossible to treat the causes, and is synonymous with the term ‘palliation’. Palliation can be divided into (a) palliative care , including the general principles of treatment required by the majority of patients with advanced solid tumors and bridging the patient from a specific disease status to the terminal events, and (b) the control of symptoms , concerning a former phase in the natural history of the disease, when an acceptable disease-related quality of life is at hand.
Following these concepts, the time of palliation should be lengthened, starting the control of symptoms as soon as the disease is classified as an incurable one, and reducing the time of unnecessary anticancer treatments.
Infections complicating diseases of the feet in renal patients
Authors: Edmonds M E , Foster A KM 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the amputations in patients with renal impairment are the result of infections complicating diseases of the feet. Diabetic foot infections are the commonest presentation of sepsis in the lower limbs of patients with renal insufficiency and are usually preceded by foot ulceration which may reach an incidence of 26% in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers in type 2 diabetes as is a low creatinine clearance.
Parable: Woman Suffrage and “Manhood” in North Carolina
Authors: Mathews Donald G , Hart Jane Sherron De 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bill Whichard was pleased. The youthful representative of the Eighteenth District from Durham had just watched the North Carolina Senate ratify the Woman Suffrage Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: 44-0. He had introduced the bill of ratification almost a month earlier in the North Carolina House of Representatives, where it had passed by a vote of 92-0 amid generous comments about the many “contributions” of women to the Tar Heel State. The language of ratification betrayed traces of condescending gender etiquette while conceding the importance of women’ s rights. But it was not the wording of the resolution that was so disconcerting as its timing, for ratification had been introduced into the North Carolina General Assembly on August 13, 1920, and it was now May 6, 1971.
A Weave of Connections
Authors: Lerner Gerda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In these days of the agony of the state of lsrael, its native-born citizens and that large group of survivors from every part of the globe who have found refuge there-all of us as Jews in the diaspora-are forced to examine our relationship with the fact of being Jewish. What does it mean to us? What burdens and responsibilities does it pose for us? What values do we derive from this accident of birth or this chosen allegiance?
The Young Professional
Authors: Niven John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early on Saturday morning, March 13, 1830, Chase arrived in Cincinnati after a long and uncomfortable trip of nine days from Washington. He had taken the stage through Hagerstown to the National Road at Cumberland, Maryland, and then on to Wheeling, Virginia. There had been a thaw and the horses’ hoofs sank through the thin crust of the deeply rutted road. Progress was slow, tilting, jolting at times, and must have seemed interminable. The stage upset once, leaving Chase and his fellow passengers sprawled. Fortunately no one was hurt, but Chase resolved on the spot that nothing less than a railroad would tempt him to travel that route again, a promise to himself that he would not keep.
To Recognize the Distinctions
Authors: Niven John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chase’s political fortunes were far from hopeful, but his family life had improved after spending almost four years as a bereaved widower. His youngest sister Helen had acted as his housekeeper and provided a buffer between Chase and the Gamisses, who doted on little Catherine Jane. Chase maintained cordial relations with the Garnisses, though it was good to have his own household. During this lengthy, lonesome period his older sister Abigail Colby died. She was barely thirty-nine years old. Abigail had been close to Chase. Of all his sisters, she was the best-educated and together with her husband had introduced Chase to the abolitionist circle in Cincinnati.
Visit to Springfield
Authors: Niven John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
January 4, 1861, was a clear, chilly winter day in Springfield. I A tall, imposing man left the depot of the Great Western Railroad and booked a room at the Chenery House. He was recognized as Salmon P. Chase, senatorelect from Ohio and one of three losing candidates for the Republican presidential nomination seven months before. Since the election in November the little Illinois city had experienced an unprecedented influx of visitors, some of national renown like Chase, more of little or no distinction from all over the state, the Northwest and the East. Springfield’s successful lawyer and upwardly mobile politician Abraham Lincoln was the cause of all this interest since his selection as the first candidate of the new Republican party to be elected President. Unlike most of the visitors Chase had come in response to Lincoln’s invitation. And it was to be supposed that the President-elect had eagerly awaited his arrival.
Introduction
Authors: Williams Robert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In August 1246, an assembly of the loyal subjects of the greatest empire the world had known-even greater than that of Rome in its Imperial Age-gathered on a plain in Central Asia. One of the few Westerners to witness this gathering of the Mongol Empire, Friar John of Plano Carpini, a pupil of Francis of Assisi, recorded a partial roster of those in attendance: “Duke Jerozlaus of Susdal in Russia and several chiefs of the Kitayans and Solangi, also two sons of the King of Georgia, the ambassador of the Caliph of Baghdad, who was a Sultan, and more than ten other Sultans of the Saracens.
The Elizabethan Wars for America
Authors: Williams Robert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ireland provided more than just an opportune field for the Elizabethans to articulate more precisely their Spanish-inspired colonizing discourses. It also furnished the practical training ground for subsequent Spanish-inspired efforts by the Elizabethans to colonize the lands of American Indians. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, the first Elizabethan to attempt a colonial settlement in North America, was one of the most highly decorated veterans of Elizabeth’s Irish wars. Records indicate that he served in both the Ulster and Munster campaigns of extermination organized by Lord Deputy Henry Sidney.
The Colonists’ War for America
Authors: Williams Robert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the eve of the colonies’ Revolution, at least three competing discourses respecting the legal status and rights of the frontier Indian tribes were contending for legitimacy in American colonizing legal theory. Each was acted on in one way or another by individuals who invested fortunes on the chance that their preferred theory of Indian land rights would win out and they would profit handsomely from their perspicacity.
Tools for Growth Monitoring
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In less technically developed regions, growth monitoring will concentrate on vulnerable young children. As noted, major objectives are both to sustain optimal or adequate weight gain and to identify “invisible “ malnutrition (Grant, 1987) not obvious to the naked eye (Gopalan, 1987) as early as possible by observing slowing of normal growth. These two objectives have usually been undertaken by serial weighing and recording graphically on whatever chart or record is used locally. When preliminary screening is all that is practicable, weighing is done at collecting points at intervals of several months, or the arm circumference is measured.
Varying Circumstances, Varying Systems
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Effective, practical growth monitoring systems need to take into account many environmental, demographic, health, educational, cultural, and financial considerations. These can vary greatly in different countries, and even in different areas of some countries. Some of the more important variations are listed next; they relate especially to feasible activities of community health workers as part of primary health services. These cadres will usually be expected to undertake most growth monitoring in less technically developed countries, either at village clinics or centers, during home visits, or at rallies or gatherings of children at more pro longed intervals.
Selecting a System
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As noted earlier (Chapter 3), great variations are to be found, especially in the size and distribution of the population (usually of children) to be included, the number and level of staff involved, funds available for the purchase, repair and replacement of equipment (such as weighing scales and clinic cards or HBCRs), the educational level of those expected to undertake growth monitoring, and the backup resources in terms of accessibility and level of health services for possible referral, supervision, and renewal of supplies.