bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making friends with your data: Improving how statistics are conducted and reported1
Authors: Wright Daniel B. 
Published: March 2003

Aim: This paper highlights some of the areas where there are problems with the way that statistics are conducted and reported in psychology journals. Recommendations are given for improving these problems.Sample: The choice of topics is based largely on the questions that authors, reviewers, and editors have asked in recent years. The focus is on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), choosing a statistical test, and what should be included in results sections.Results: There are several ways to improve how statistics are reported. These should improve both the authors' and the readers' understanding of the data.Conclusions: Psychology as a discipline will improve if the way in which statistics are conducted and reported is improved. This will require effort from authors, scrutiny from reviewers, and stubbornness from editors.
Pretreatment of bone with osteoclasts affects phenotypic expression of osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Boyan B. D. , Schwartz Z. , Lohmann C. H. , Sylvia V. L. , Cochran D. L. , Dean D. D. , Puzas J. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractImplant surface morphology regulates osteoblast phenotypic expression. Osteoblast sensitivity to non‐biologic surfaces suggests that native bone surface features may also affect osteoblast response. To test this, MG63 osteoblast‐like cells were grown for 7 days on bovine cortical bone wafers pretreated with rat bone marrow osteoclasts for 0, 10 or 20 days. Response to osteoclast‐treated surfaces was compared to the response of MG63 cells to titanium surfaces with smooth and rough microtopographies. Cell number, differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin levels), and local factors (PGE2 and TGF‐β1) were measured in confluent cultures. Compared to culture on plastic, cell number was reduced on all three types of bone wafers; this effect was dose‐dependent with increasing resorption of the surface. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity was increased (P ⩽ 0.05) on all three surfaces compared with plastic, but this increase was not dependent on resorption time, indicating this parameter was sensitive to the surface (bovine bone vs. plastic) but not to osteoclast‐resorption. There was a direct correlation between the area of the bone surface resorbed and the amount of osteocalcin, TGF‐β1 and PGE2 (R2 = 0.8025, 0.8689, 0.8896, respectively). With 20 days of osteoclast pretreatment, there was a 20‐fold increase in osteocalcin over plastic and a 7‐fold increase over cultures on untreated bone wafers. Similar increases were found for TGF‐β1 and PGE2. Thus, surface changes resulting from osteoclast pretreatment have a strong effect on osteoblast phenotypic expression, and suggest that microtopography may play a role. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enhanced Responsiveness of the Myocardial β-Adrenoceptor-Adenylate Cyclase System in the Perfused Rat Heart (I)
Authors: Gordeladze J. O. , Jynge I. , Borchgrevink P. C. , Sellevold O. F. M. 
Published: March 2003

Crude myocardial sarcolemmal membrane fractions were prepared from rat hearts subjected to total global ischemia with and without normoxic reperfusion, or global anoxic (N2) perfusion with and without normoxic reperfusion. The direct effects on β-adrenenoceptor number, G-protein levels and stimulation of the adenylate cyclase (AC) complex were assessed.
In terms of AC activation, ischemia led to a marked increase (4-fold) in sensitivity to terbutaline (β2-agonist) and phorbol ester (tetradecanoyl phorbal acetate = TPA) stimulation, whereas the dobutamine (β1) responsiveness and Gpp(NH)p activation through GSα/Gi2α remained unaltered. However, forskolin-elicited holoenzyme activity fell markedly during normoxic reperfusion. Ischemia did not change the β1-adrenoceptor number, while β2-receptor population increased by approximately 45%. Western blots of myocardial GSA and Gi2α contents revealed that ischemia selectively diminished Gi2α levels only by some 50–70%.
Contrastingly, anoxia selectively increased the AC sensitivity (2-fold) to β1-adrenergic stimulation. As subsequent to ischemia, anoxia also increased the sensitivy to TPA stimulation, however, only 2-fold. Gpp(NH)p activation was unchanged, while forskolin-enhanced activity gradually declined, also during ensuing normoxic reperfusion. Anoxia brought about a 75% enhancement in β1-receptor number, while β2-receptors remained unaffected. However, altered receptor number normalized on termination of normoxic reperfusion. Finally, anoxia led to a 50–60% decimation of myocardial Gi2α levels, while GSα was only marginally reduced.
Despite the fact that the ischemia and anoxia effectuated a similar deterioration of physiological heart parameters, myocardial contents of energy rich phosphate moieties and loss of Gi2α, ischemia rendered the most profound increase in responsiveness of the sarcolemmal AC system.
When can a lack of structure facilitate strategic processing of information?
Authors: Willoughby Teena , Wood Eileen , Kraftcheck Erin R. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Researchers examining the effectiveness of an elaboration strategy (answering ‘why’) for learning new information have been concerned with the familiarity of the materials and how that affects learning. It may be, however, that both how information is organised and familiarity impact on the potency of the strategy.Aims: We examined the influence of presentation structures (i.e., organisation of information) on the effectiveness of an elaboration strategy.Samples: All participants were undergraduates (78 females, 67 males) enrolled in a first‐year psychology course. Fifteen students participated in Experiment One, 42 students in Experiment Two, and 88 students in Experiment Three.Methods: In Experiment One, preference for conceptual organisation was assessed. In Experiments Two and Three, students answered ‘why’ questions when different presentation structures were used.Results: Students' preferred method of organisation did not match the imposed structure found in past research, suggesting that students may have been restricted in their ability to process the information distinctively. Students who were presented with the information in a random order achieved the largest memory scores.Conclusions: When students have to reconstruct as well as encode the information, these added task demands provide an added benefit for learning.
Formation processes at the Ohalo II submerged prehistoric campsite, Israel, inferred from soil micromorphology and magnetic susceptibility studies
Authors: Tsatskin Alexander , Nadel Dani 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSoil‐geomorphic analysis coupled with micromorphology, SEM/EDS, magnetic susceptibility, and conventional sedimentological studies allowed us to reconstruct the site formation history and validate the archaeologically observed variability of human activities in the prehistoric camp of Ohalo II (19.5 ka B.P.), Sea of Galilee, Israel. The cultural layers rest upon the Late Pleistocene Lake Lisan deposits that accumulated under conditions of changing water supply and increasing rate of sedimentation from deep‐water varvelike deposits to basalt‐derived, near‐shore sandy lacustrine deposits. Intermittent occupation is recorded in some localities, indicating short‐term inundation episodes, which led to partial truncation and deformation of the sediments, primarily in the eastern lakeward part of the site. On the elevated, landward positions, incipient soils with strongly bioturbated profiles formed. Micromorphology demonstrates that intentional flooring was applied within the remains of brush huts, where millimeter‐sized, horizontally organized burnt and unheated vegetal tissues were likely to have been placed upon the compacted ground. In fireplaces, the cultural deposits in thin sections are composed of strongly mixed, abundant wood charcoal, ashes, and fishbone remains. Post‐depositional alterations were controlled by intermittent inundation of the site and salinization, which induced gypsum and pyrite deposition, primarily along decayed roots, and eventual pyrite oxidation. Accumulation of sodium and chlorine in the post‐occupation deposits is likely to have occurred because of discharge of saline groundwater. Although only suggestive at this stage of research, the conclusions drawn from magnetic susceptibility parameters of archaeologically related deposits at Ohalo II fit well with the micromorphological reconstructions and provide new information on the Late Pleistocene evolution of the Lake Lisan/Sea of Galilee fluctuating system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stage specific inhibition of osteoblast lineage differentiation by FGF2 and noggin
Authors: Kalajzic I. , Kalajzic Z. , Hurley M.M. , Lichtler A.C. , Rowe David W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and noggin are two unrelated ligands of two distinctly different signaling pathways that have a similar inhibitory effect on osteoblast differentiation. Because of their differences, we postulated that they probably acted at a different stage within the osteoprogenitor differentiation pathway. This study was performed on primary murine bone cell cultures under conditions where alkaline phosphatase (AP) and type I collagen expression (Col1a1) were observed by day 7 (preosteoblast stage), followed by bone syaloprotein (BSP) at day 11 (early osteoblast) and osteocalcin (OC) by day 15–18 (mature osteoblast stage). FGF2 completely inhibited expression of AP and the mRNA transcript for Col1a1, while noggin showed only a partial inhibition of these markers of preosteoblast differentiation. However, the markers of differentiated osteoblasts (BSP and OC) were completely inhibited in both the FGF2 and noggin treated cultures, suggesting that noggin acts at later point in the osteoprogenitor differentiation pathway than FGF2. To further verify that the inhibition was occurring at a different stage of osteoblasts development, primary cultures derived from transgenic mice harboring segments of the collagen promoter driving green fluorescent protein (GFP) that activate at different levels of osteoblast differentiation were analyzed. Consistent with the endogenous markers, pOBCol3.6GFP and pOBCOL2.3GFP transgene activity was completely inhibited by continuous addition of FGF2, while noggin showed partial inhibition of pOBCol3.6GFP and complete inhibition of the pOBCol2.3GFP transgene. Upon removal of either agent, endogenous and GFP markers of osteoblast differentiation reappeared although at a different temporal pattern. This work demonstrates that FGF2 and noggin can reversibly modulate osteoblast lineage differentiation at different maturational stages. These agents may be useful to enrich for and maintain a population of osteoprogenitor cells at a defined stage of differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1168–1176, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capacitative calcium influx in human epithelial breast cancer and non‐tumorigenic cells occurs through Ca2+ entry pathways with different permeabilities to divalent cations
Authors: Baldi Carolina , Vazquez Guillermo , Boland Ricardo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe operation of capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) in human breast cancer (SKBR3) and non‐tumorigenic (HBL100) cell lines was investigated as an alternative Ca2+ entry route in these cells. Ca2+ readdition after thapsigargin‐induced store depletion showed activation of CCE in both cell lines. SKBR3 cells exhibited retarded store depletion and CCE decay kinetics compared to the non‐tumorigenic HBL100 cells, suggesting alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis. CCE was also highly permeable to Mn2+ and to a lesser extent to Sr2+, but not to Ba2+. In HBL100 cells, CCE is contributed (30%) by a Ca2+/Mn2+ permeable route insensitive to low (1 μM) Gd3+ and a Ca2+/Sr2+/Mn2+ permeable non‐selective pathway (70%) sensitive to 1 μM Gd3+. In SKBR3 cells, the relative contribution to CCE of both routes was opposite to that in non‐tumorigenic cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1265–1272, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and p70S6 kinase blocks osteogenic protein‐1 induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in fetal rat calvaria cells
Authors: Shoba Lungile N.N. , Lee John C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPublished studies reveal that Osteogenic Protein‐1 (OP‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) synergistically stimulate alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and bone nodule formation in fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells. In the present study, we examined whether there are interactions between the signal transduction pathways activated by these two growth factors. OP‐1 did not significantly affect the levels of IRS‐1, IRS‐2, the p85α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase) or the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐2, but stimulated ERK‐1 protein by twofold. OP‐1 also induced phosphorylation of ERK‐1 and ‐2, but not of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), a protein kinase that is downstream of PI 3‐kinase. By comparison, IGF‐I increased the levels of the phosphorylated forms of ERK‐1 and ‐2, and Akt/PKB. Inhibition of ERK activation by PD98059 did not significantly alter the stimulation of AP activity by OP‐1 or OP‐1 in combination with IGF‐I. In contrast, inhibition of PI 3‐kinase activity by LY294002 blocked the induction of AP activity by OP‐1 and OP‐1 plus IGF‐I. Treatment of cells with rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of mTOR, resulted in a 47% and a 53% decrease in the AP activity induced by OP‐1 alone and by OP‐1 plus IGF‐I, respectively. These studies suggest that PI 3‐kinase and mTOR contribute to the induction of AP activity by OP‐1 and the synergistic effect of OP‐1 and IGF‐I on AP activity in FRC cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1247–1255, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A synthetic peptide of link protein stimulates the biosynthesis of collagens II, IX and proteoglycan by cells of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Mwale Fackson , Demers Caroline N. , Petit Alain , Roughley Peter , Poole A. Robin , Steffen Thomas , Aebi Max , Antoniou John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo date, there have been no reports on the effect on disc cells of the intervertebral disc (IVD) of the amino terminal peptide of link protein (DHLSDNYTLDHDRAIH) (link N) which is generated by the cleavage of human link protein by stromelysins 1 and 2, gelatinase A and B, and collagenase between His16 and Ile17. However, link N has been shown to act as a growth factor and stimulate synthesis of proteoglycans and collagen by chondrocytes of human articular cartilage. There are also no studies on the effect of link N on type IX collagen in any tissue. In the studies reported here, a serum‐free pellet culture system has been used to examine whether link N can play a role in maintaining the integrity of disc matrix, specifically at the level of matrix assembly by cells of the IVD. Using this culture system, we determined the capacity of link N to stimulate accumulation of these matrix proteins in the annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP). Gross inspection of separate AF and NP pellet cultures in the absence of link N revealed a progressive increase in size and a transition from “spherical” to “polygonal” pellets after centrifugation. Addition of 10 ng/ml link N resulted in increased pellet sizes for both AF and NP pellet cultures. Link N increased proteoglycan, type II and type IX collagen contents with an increase in DNA content over time. This study demonstrates that link N can act directly on disc cells to stimulate matrix production, which involves increased accumulation of proteoglycan, and types II and IX collagens. This study also identifies the value of pellet cultures for studies of the IVD cells in a serum‐free chemically defined medium, in which pellets can continue growing in size in response to growth factors with minimal cell loss. Link N may have value in stimulating the growth and regeneration of the damaged IVD. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1202–1213, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In silico prediction of drug‐binding strengths to human serum albumin
Authors: Colmenarejo Gonzalo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDrug binding to Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is an area of intense research. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs are strongly affected by their binding to this protein. In this article, the field is reviewed, as well as our models to predict drug‐binding affinities to HSA from drug structure. The physiological role of HSA is described, as well as its influence in drug action. The crystal structures of this protein are discussed, emphasizing the two drug‐binding sites and the fatty acids binding sites observed therein. The advantages of using high‐performance affinity chromatography to rapidly screen drugs for HSA binding are explained. The different QSAR models for HSA binding of restricted families of drugs (both from other groups and our group) are enumerated. Finally, a detailed description of our general models to predict drug‐binding strengths to HSA from structure is given. It is expected for these models to be useful in drug design and pharmaceutical research. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23, No. 3, 275‐301, 2003
Selection criteria for drug‐like compounds
Authors: Muegge Ingo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe fast identification of quality lead compounds in the pharmaceutical industry through a combination of high throughput synthesis and screening has become more challenging in recent years. Although the number of available compounds for high throughput screening (HTS) has dramatically increased, large‐scale random combinatorial libraries have contributed proportionally less to identify novel leads for drug discovery projects. Therefore, the concept of ‘drug‐likeness’ of compound selections has become a focus in recent years. In parallel, the low success rate of converting lead compounds into drugs often due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic parameters has sparked a renewed interest in understanding more clearly what makes a compound drug‐like. Various approaches have been devised to address the drug‐likeness of molecules employing retrospective analyses of known drug collections as well as attempting to capture ‘chemical wisdom’ in algorithms. For example, simple property counting schemes, machine learning methods, regression models, and clustering methods have been employed to distinguish between drugs and non‐drugs. Here we review computational techniques to address the drug‐likeness of compound selections and offer an outlook for the further development of the field. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23, No. 3, 302‐321, 2003
Approaching Complex Cases With a Crisis Intervention Model and Teamwork
Authors: O'Daniel Julianne M. , Wells Deborah 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPatients referred for genetic counseling may be in a state of crisis, feeling as though they are incapable of making decisions about the management of their pregnancy, genetic testing options and/or life planning issues. The role of the genetic counselor is to assist a patient through this crisis state by increasing the patient's understanding and by helping to facilitate decision making and adjustment to those decisions. In this paper we present a clinical genetic counseling case that was complicated by numerous medical and psychosocial issues. The wide scope of this case required the involvement of both a prenatal and a medical genetic counselor. Working as a team we utilized a crisis intervention model. Our counseling focused on identifying and isolating the issues, providing factual information, setting a time frame for decisions to be made, and encouraging social support and emotion‐focused coping strategies.
Phenylketonuria in adulthood: A collaborative study
Authors: Koch R. , Burton B. , Hoganson G. , Peterson R. , Rhead W. , Rouse B. , Scott R. , Wolff J. , Stern A. M. , Guttler F. , Nelson M. , de la Cruz F. , Coldwell J. , Erbe R. , Geraghty M. T. , Shear C. , Thomas J. , Azen C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDuring 1967–1983, the Maternal and Child Health Division of the Public Health Services funded a collaborative study of 211 newborn infants identified on newborn screening as having phenylketonuria (PKU). Subsequently, financial support was provided by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The infants were treated with a phenylalanine (Phe)‐restricted diet to age 6 years and then randomized either to continue the diet or to discontinue dietary treatment altogether. One hundred and twenty‐five of the 211 children were then followed until 10 years of age. In 1998, NICHD scheduled a Consensus Development Conference on Phenylketonuria and initiated a study to follow up the participants from the original Collaborative Study to evaluate their present medical, nutritional, psychological, and socioeconomic status.Fourteen of the original clinics (1967–1983) participated in the Follow‐up Study effort. Each clinic director was provided with a list of PKU subjects who had completed the original study (1967–1983), and was asked to evaluate as many as possible using a uniform protocol and data collection forms. In a subset of cases, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) were performed to study brain Phe concentrations.The medical evaluations revealed that the subjects who maintained a phenylalanine‐restricted diet reported fewer problems than the diet discontinuers, who had an increased rate of eczema, asthma, mental disorders, headache, hyperactivity and hypoactivity. Psychological data showed that lower intellectual and achievement test scores were associated with dietary discontinuation and with higher childhood and adult blood Phe concentrations. Abnormal MRI results were associated with higher brain Phe concentrations. Early dietary discontinuation for subjects with PKU is associated with poorer outcomes not only in intellectual ability, but also in achievement test scores and increased rates of medical and behavioural problems.
Gender differences in responses to traumatic events: A prospective study
Authors: Freedman Sara A. , Gluck Natali , Tuval‐Mashiach Rivka , Brandes Dalia , Peri Tuvia , Shalev Arieh Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGender differences in psychological responses to motor vehicle accidents were examined as part of a large‐scale prospective study of PTSD. Participants were recruited from an emergency room (n = 275) and interviewed 1 week. 1 month, and 4 months later. No gender differences were seen in the prevalence or recovery from PTSD, or in symptom levels at 1‐ and 4 months. Women had a higher prevalence of lifetime‐ and postaccident generalized anxiety disorder. Gender differences were found regarding the type, but not the total number, of potentially traumatic events previously experienced. These results suggest that gender differences in responses to traumatic events are not explained by exposure as such, but rather may result from gender‐specific attrubutes of the event.
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with cardiac syncope treated by glossopharyngeal rhizotomy and microvascular decompression
Authors: Ozenci M. , Karaoguz R. , Conkbayir C. , Altin T. , Kanpolat Y. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A glossopharyngeal neuralgia case with cardiac asystole is presented. The sinus mode dysfunction and subsequent syncope with pain appears to be the most important life-threatening symptom in the late period of the disease. Because of cardiac symptoms induced by intense vagal stimulation, this case was considered to be vagoglossopharyngeal neuralgia. Several medical and surgical alternatives have been proposed for its treatment. In the presented case the cause of disease was compression of lower cranial nerves in the right cerebello-pontine angle (CPA) by the vertebro-basilar arterial system. Carbamazepine and pacing were determined ineffective, so the patient was treated surgically by cutting the glossopharyngeal nerve and by decompression of the vagal nerve at the CPA. The sinus arrest and paroxysmal pain attacks disappeared and the patient's life returned to normal.