bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D WS2 monolayer preparation method and research progress in the field of optoelectronics
Authors: Jin Zhihan , Liu Hao , Huang Tianci , Chen Liping , Tan Chee Leong , Wang Kaili , Yan Shancheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have attracted considerable interest in materials science due to their exceptional electronic and optoelectronic characteristics, such as high carrier mobility and adjustable band gaps. Although extensive studies have been conducted on various TMDs, a significant gap persists in the understanding of synthesis methods and their effects on the practical use of monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) in optoelectronic devices. This gap is crucial, as the effective incorporation of WS2 into commercial applications relies on the establishment of dependable synthesis techniques that guarantee the material’s high quality and uniformity. In this review, we provide a detailed examination of the synthesis methods for monolayer WS2, emphasizing mechanical stripping, atomic layer deposition (ALD), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We discuss the benefits of each technique, including the uniform growth achievable with ALD at lower temperatures and the ability of CVD to generate large-area, high-quality monolayer. Furthermore, we review the performance of WS2 in various electronic and optoelectronic applications, such as field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and logic devices. Our review suggest that ongoing improvements in film uniformity, compatibility with current semiconductor processes, and the long-term stability of WS2-based devices indicate a promising pathway for transitioning 2D WS2 from laboratory settings to practical applications.
Enhancing the ferroelectric performance of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films by optimizing the incorporation of Al dopant
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Weidong , Wang Jiawei , Yao Lulu , Ding Man , Cheng Yonghong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
HfO2-based ferroelectric (FE) thin films have gained considerable interest for memory applications due to their excellent properties. However, HfO2-based FE films face significant reliability challenges, especially the wake-up and fatigue effects, which hinder their practical application. In this work, we fabricated 13.5 nm-thick Al-doped Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films with both uniform (UD) and optimized (OD) Al distributions, systematically investigating the effects of Al doping distribution on their FE and endurance performances. After optimizing the Al distribution, the OD samples exhibit significantly enhanced ferroelectricity, with a robust remnant polarization (2P
r) of 53.7 μC cm−2. Besides, compared to the undoped and UD HZO films, the OD samples exhibit enhanced dielectric performance, with lower leakage currents and higher breakdown voltages, suggesting that the optimized distribution suppresses oxygen vacancy generation and mitigates defect formation. Furthermore, the OD samples maintain a large 2P
r of 40.4 μC cm−2 after 108, which can be rejuvenated back to 50.7 μC cm−2 by higher voltage cycling. The enhanced dielectric performances and reversible phase transitions during cycling underline the potential of Al-doped HZO films with optimized distribution as reliable, long-endurance FE materials, advancing the development of HfO2-based FE devices for future memory applications.
Existence and stability for the travelling waves of the Benjamin equation
Authors: Hakkaev Sevdzhan , Stanislavova Milena , Stefanov Atanas G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the seminal work of Benjamin (1974 Nonlinear Wave Motion (American Mathematical Society)), in the late 70s, he has derived the ubiquitous Benjamin model, which is a reduced model in the theory of water waves. Notably, it contains two parameters in its dispersion part and under some special circumstances, it turns into the celebrated KdV or the Benjamin–Ono equation, During the 90s, there was renewed interest in it. Benjamin (1992 J. Fluid Mech.
245 401–11; 1996 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 354 1775–806) studied the problem for existence of solitary waves, followed by works of Bona–Chen (1998 Adv. Differ. Equ.
3 51–84), Albert–Bona–Restrepo (1999 SIAM J. Appl. Math.
59 2139–61), Pava (1999 J. Differ. Equ.
152 136–59), who have showed the existence of travelling waves, mostly by variational, but also bifurcation methods. Some results about the stability became available, but unfortunately, those were restricted to either small waves or Benjamin model, close to a distinguished (i.e. KdV or BO) limit. Quite recently, in 2024 (arXiv:2404.04711 [math.AP]), Abdallah et al, proved existence, orbital stability and uniqueness results for these waves, but only for large values of

c

γ
2

≫
1

. In this article, we present an alternative constrained maximization procedure for the construction of these waves, for the full range of the parameters, which allows us to ascertain their spectral stability. Moreover, we extend this construction to all L
2 subcritical cases (i.e. power nonlinearities

(

|

u

|

p
−
2

u

)
x

,

2
<
p
⩽
6

). Finally, we propose a different procedure, based on a specific form of the Sobolev embedding inequality, which works for all powers

2
<
p
<
∞

, but produces some unstable waves, for large p. Some open questions and a conjecture regarding this last result are proposed for further investigation.
New route of flux pinning enhancement in Nb3Al superconductor: density and orientation regulation of stacking faults by nano-oxide particles
Authors: Yang Changkun , Yu Zhou , Li Wenlong , Zhang Huaihao , Ren Jiahao , Wang Wentao , Zhang Yong , Zhao Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The mechanism of critical current density (J
c) enhancement in rapid heating, quenching and transformation (RHQT) Nb3Al wires with nanoparticles was investigated from microscopic defects. As shown in transmission electron microscopy results, the stacking faults (SF) density in RHQT Nb3Al could be improved by incorporating nano-oxide particles, because the nanoparticles distort the Nb3Al crystal lattice and expand the distortion generated SFs. The macroscopic measurements based on electron backscatter diffraction showed that many SFs were parallel to the Lorentz force (F
L//SF) in the pure sample, but that the orientation of SFs are distributed randomly in the Nb3Al wires with nano-oxide. SFs that are normal to the Lorentz force (F
L⊥SF) could hinder the motion of flux lines effectively and thus enhance the total flux pinning force (F
p). As a result, J
c of the incorporated nano-oxide Nb3Al wires were significantly elevated, where the 1 at.% nano-ZrO2 and 1 at.% nano-Dy2O3 samples exhibited J
c values of 1.86 × 105 A cm−2 and 1.95 × 105 A cm−2@4.2 K,12 T, which improved by about 60% compared to the pure sample. The density and orientation regulation of SFs in RHQT Nb3Al revealed a new mechanism of J
c enhancement, which provides a new route to further improve the high-field J
c of Nb3A in future research.
Discrete Euler–Bernoulli beam lattices with beyond nearest connections
Authors: Edge R G , Paul E , Madine K H , Colquitt D J , Starkey T A , Chaplain G J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The propagation of elastic waves on discrete periodic Euler–Bernoulli mass-beam lattices is characterised by the competition between coupled translational and rotational degrees-of-freedom at the mass-beam junctions. We influence the dynamics of this system by coupling junctions with beyond-nearest-neighbour spatial connections, affording freedom over the locality of dispersion extrema in reciprocal space, facilitating the emergence of interesting dispersion relations. A generalised dispersion relation for an infinite monatomic mass-beam chain, with any integer order combination of non-local spatial connections, is presented. We demonstrate that competing power channels, between mass and rotational inertia, drive the position and existence of zero group velocity modes within the first Brillouin zone.
Pulse width effects on microstructure and electrochemical properties of DLC coatings deposited on high-strength Al alloy
Authors: Fayed Saad M , Chen Dongxu , Li Shengli , Sadawy M M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study employed cage-like hollow discharge plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to synthesize diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on the 2024 aluminum alloy. The DLC coatings were deposited using varying pulse widths. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the films were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nano Indenter G200 device, and a tribometer model (MS-T3001). The anticorrosion behavior of the coatings in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated using a range of electrochemical techniques. The results showed that increasing the pulse width to 20 μs led to the deposition of thicker films due to enhanced plasma density and deposition rate. Corrosion measurements revealed lower corrosion and passive current densities as pulse width increased. This behavior can be attributed to the thicker DLC film, which effectively reduces the presence of pores and inhibits corrosive species from attacking the bare alloy. Additionally, this study calculated and reported the thermodynamic corrosion parameters, including enthalpy of activation (∆H), entropy of activation, and activation energy (∆E) for the sample.
Robust intrinsic quantum spin Hall states in transition metal M-doped graphene (M = Ti, Zr, Hf)
Authors: Hu Yuefang , Shao Dexi , Yuan Danwen , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Graphene is a promising candidate for spintronics and low-dissipation quantum electronic device applications. However, its excessively weak spin–orbit coupling interaction (∼ 24.0 μeV) makes the electric field modulation of spin currents almost impossible and the experimental observation of spin-polarized edge states in topological energy gap very challenging. These difficulties limit the practical applications of graphene. In this work, the electronic structures and topological properties of group IVB transition metal M-doped graphene (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) have been studied by first-principles calculations. Taking the Hf-doped graphene as an example, in the absence of spin–orbit coupling, this system possesses six equivalent Dirac points near the Fermi level in the Brillouin zone, owing to C

3
z
and inversion symmetries. These Dirac points exhibit linear dispersion in a wide energy range (about 1.00 eV), making this material a Dirac semimetal. When spin–orbit coupling interaction is considered, the Dirac points of this system are gapped with a spin–orbit gap of 16.4 meV, which is three orders of magnitude larger than that of graphene. Furthermore, the system is an intrinsic quantum spin Hall insulator with the nontrivial topological index Z

2
= 1. We also propose that the nontrivial topological properties are robust in a wide biaxial strain range from −5% to 5% and the spin–orbit gap further increases to 37.7 meV under 5% strain. Compared to the pristine graphene, our research has greatly enhanced spin–orbit coupling in this system with its nontrivial topological property preserved, which is crucial for the development of graphene-based spin field effect transistors. Moreover, such graphene-based robust topological material designs could also pave the way for a new generation of spintronics, ultra-low-dissipation electronics and quantum information processing devices.
Electronic, optical and photocatalytic water splitting properties of two-dimensional monolayers of Janus Cd2XY (X = S, Se; Y = Se, Te; X ≠ Y): a first-principles study
Authors: Wang Heng , Xu Furong , Dai Songli , Xiao Shiyu , Yu Zhigang , Tian Zean 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Two-dimensional Janus materials play a significant role in the advancement of optoelectronic devices and photocatalytic water splitting. In the present work, the stability, electronic structure, transfer properties, optical properties, and photocatalytic water splitting properties of three Janus monolayers (Cd2SSe, Cd2STe, and Cd2SeTe) were investigated by using first-principles calculations. It is found that they are well-stabilized with a band gap E
g of 2.19, 0.88, and 1.23 eV (the photocatalytic water splitting threshold being 1.23 eV) respectively, all of which correspond to direct band gap semiconductors. They all demonstrate excellent electron mobility and hole mobility, along with high light absorption in the visible range. The band-edge potential of Cd2SSe crosses the potential for the redox reaction of water; Applying biaxial tensile strain enhances its light absorption efficiency and reduces the band gap, thereby increasing the performance of photocatalytic water splitting. Each step of the HER and OER reaction process with Cd2SSe as a catalyst can be carried out spontaneously under light conditions. The results indicate that the three Janus monolayers hold significant promise in next-generation optoelectronic devices and photocatalysts.
Flavor-specific dark matter signatures through the lens of neutrino oscillations
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhaditya , Fabian Sven , Herms Johannes , Jana Sudip 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the flavor-specific properties of leptophilic dark matter in neutrino mass models, where dark matter signals are directly correlated with the neutrino oscillation data, providing complementary insights into the neutrino mass hierarchy and CP phases. Notably, this can be accomplished without introducing a flavor-specific portal to dark matter, imposing any new flavor symmetry, or involving flavon fields. As a case study, we analyze the correlation between the flavor-philic nature of dark matter and neutrino oscillation data in the type-II seesaw and Zee-Babu models, and extend this discussion to other neutrino mass models. We analyze the indirect signatures of such leptophilic dark matter, specifically examining the spectrum of the cosmic ray electron/positron flux resulting from the pair annihilation of dark matter in the Galactic halo, and explore correlated lepton-specific signals at collider experiments sensitive to neutrino oscillation data.
SHORES: Serendipitous H-ATLAS-fields Observations of Radio Extragalactic Sources with the ATCA. I. Catalog Generation and Analysis
Authors: Massardi Marcella , Behiri Meriem , Galluzzi Vincenzo , Giulietti Marika , Perrotta Francesca , Prandoni Isabella , Lapi Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce the Serendipitous H-ATLAS-fields Observations of Radio Extragalactic Sources (SHORES) multiple pencil beam survey that observed at 2.1 GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) 29 fields in total intensity and polarization within the Herschel-ATLAS Southern Galactic Field. This paper presents the observations, calibration and analysis of the 27 shallow fields that cover an overall area of ∼26 square degree with increasing sensitivity towards the phase centers of each pointing according to the ATCA 22 m dish response function, down to σ ≲ 33 μJy. Two additional (deep) fields have been observed to even higher sensitivity. All the SHORES observations have been calibrated to account also for linear polarization. Polarization and deeper field analysis will be presented in future papers. The SHORES shallow-field sample considered in the present paper counts 2294 sources detected with BLOBCAT to signal-to-noise ratio SNR ≳ 4.5. Simulations determined that our procedure and final catalog is 95% reliable above 497.5 μJy and 95% complete to the SNR ≳ 4.5 significance level. By exploiting ATCA E–W 6 km configuration we reached resolutions of 3

.

″

2 × 7

.

″

2, to which level 81% of our sources are unresolved. We determined source counts down to the 150 μJy level. For the sources with a counterpart in H-ATLAS, the FIR-radio correlation is calculated and discussed.
Research on LD-pumped single-frequency laser based on twisted-mode-cavity and RVBG
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Yongliang , Feng Hailong , Zhang Xinyuan , Li Jiahang , Shangguan Jiawei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Single-frequency lasers have the advantages of good spectral purity, high peak spectral density, long coherence distance and low phase noise. They are widely used in fields such as laser spectroscopy, laser lidar, sodium guide stars, coherent optical communication and high-resolution measurement. We designed an all-solid-state single-frequency laser based on twisted-mode-cavity (TMC) structure and used a reflective volume Bragg grating (RVBG) to replace the ordinary output mirror. Through the composite mode selection effect of the twisted-mode-cavity and RVBG, the occurrence of multi-longitudinal mode oscillation is eliminated successfully, and precise optical frequency selection is achieved. When the pump power reached 88.0 W, the output power was 1.6 W, allowing for stable single-frequency laser operation at 1064.44 nm, with an output laser linewidth of 9.77 × 10−3 pm, the corresponding slope efficiency was 10.00%, and the light-to-light conversion efficiency was 1.82%. The power instability was less than 4.44% and the beam quality factor were

M
x
2

=
1.35

,

M
y
2

=
1.38

. Experimental results show that compared with using a RVBG or twisted-mode-cavity individually, the combination of the two methods can significantly compress the laser linewidth and achieve single-frequency laser output.
Electro-thermal model of a pouch cell battery considering thermal runaway
Authors: Piccirillo F , Scognamiglio F , Iasiello M , Chiu W K S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Li-ion batteries are increasingly expanding their fields of application: automotive, electronic devices, and residential are just a few demonstrations of that. One of the most critical problems with batteries is overheating, which can lead to thermal runaway and a battery fire. For these reasons, the need for an accurate multiphysics model is growing and consequently an electro-thermal model of a pouch cell battery, including thermal runaway reactions, is proposed. It involves a two-dimensional electrical model for the cell potential distribution, and a three-dimensional thermal model to describe the temperature field. The two models are coupled because parameters such as the overpotential resistance and the thermal runaway reactions are temperature-dependent. The electrical model is based on the charge conservation theory, coupled with the ohmic law equations. The thermal model is governed by the heat diffusion equation with total heat generation calculated as the sum of three different parts: ohmic, irreversible and reversible, while thermal runaway occurrence is governed by an Arrhenius equation. After a comparison with literature data, numerical results in terms of temperature are shown, demonstrating a significant temperature rise during the thermal runaway process.
Lumped Parameter Modelling of Internal Temperature Dynamics in Multichip Power Modules
Authors: Alì Giovanni , Cavallaro Daniela , Fichera Alberto , Faro Marta Lo , Orlando Stefano , Pagano Arturo , Volpe Rosaria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study assesses a lumped parameter modelling strategy for the fast response, layer-resolved prediction of the thermal field within the die of a selected power module device. A benchmark 1D lumped parameter model was initially defined, providing a simple description of the thermal field through the identification of a low number of lumped parameters but retaining information only on the junction temperature. A refined analytical model was therefore developed by adding the internal temperature nodes at the interfaces between the device layers. Thus, with a moderate increase of the lumped parameters, the model was able to predict the thermal behaviour of the inner layers of the die, which is the fundamental information required by reliability analysis. The set of model parameters were determined from the step-response thermal impedances of the power module, simulated by means of a numerical model purposely assessed under a boundary condition of forced liquid cooling. The lumped parameter identification consisted in a curve fitting procedure calculating the couples of thermal resistance and conductance. Both models were implemented in Matlab-Simulink, and simulated in order to predict the thermal response of the device to conditions of both step-wise and alternating current power inputs.
Modelling Phase Change Material Solidification/Melting for Accurate Thermal Energy Storage Design in Refrigeration Applications
Authors: Ferraioli A , Carotenuto Ternullo O , Maiorino A , Giannetti F , Aprea C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offer a promising solution for thermal energy storage (TES) in refrigeration, especially for critical applications like medicine and food preservation. This paper presents a new modelling approach to optimise PCM performance in cold storage systems. The research uses the Enthalpy-Porosity Model (EPM) to simulate PCM solidification and melting processes. This model offers a more accurate prediction than simpler methods and accounts for natural convection effects. The FreeFem++ toolbox and Galerkin method are employed for numerical solutions, enabling efficient parallel computing. By precisely modelling the phase change behaviour, the proposed method aids in designing high-efficiency and reliable cold storage systems with PCMs. This research contributes to advancements in PCM technology for sustainable refrigeration solutions.
An analytical model of evaporator performance under frosting conditions for lumped-parameter simulations of heat pumps
Authors: Sedoni R , Santangelo P E , Angeli D , Romani M , Fioravanti L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Enhancing the energy efficiency of HVAC systems is crucial for meeting the nZEB standards. This involves developing analytical models for simulating building-system dynamics over time with low computational resources. However, existing models struggle with accuracy in heating mode due to evaporator frosting, a factor not usually accounted for commercial software. To address this, a new heat exchanger block that accurately models frosting and its impact on system performance is developed using the Simscape™ language in Simulink® environment. This innovative block enhances the predictive capability of heat-pump simulations that use a lumped-parameter approach, ensuring compatibility and easy integration with existing toolboxes. The improved model overcomes conventional limitations, offering reliable simulations in heating mode and providing insights into energy transport and efficiency. Incorporating accurate frosting representation aids in developing more effective defrost strategies, minimizing energy losses and improving compliance with energy efficiency standards.
Testing of a prototype substation for a 5th generation district heating and cooling network
Authors: Martinazzoli G , Pasinelli D , Lezzi A M , Pilotelli M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
5th generation district heating (5GDH) networks can be an effective way to increase the penetration of renewable energy and achieve decarbonisation in the heating and cooling sector. This article describes 5GDH networks by focusing on network substations, the complexity of which increases compared to a conventional district heating substation due to the presence of a decentralised heat pump and a bidirectional pumping system. The purpose of the article is to show the components and layout of a prototype substation and a pilot network, realised to recover low-temperature waste heat and cover the heating and cooling demand of a building. The results present the performance and energy consumption of the prototype during the first heating season in which the prototype is in operation. The prototype was tested through two kinds of tests: tests under design and off-design conditions. In tests under design conditions, the average COP of the heat pump is between 3.3 and 4.2, while the values drop to 2.6 – 3.1 considering the overall COP. The off-design tests were performed to define the performance of the heat pump for a wider temperature range. For these tests, the COP is between 2.9 and 6.1.