bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“More Writers per Square Foot …”
Authors: Cobb James C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Delta’s reputation as the richest source of blues music and musicians in the South was well established by World War II. Only after the war, however, did observers begin to recognize that, despite the poverty, illiteracy, and rural isolation which afforded ready-made excuses for cultural aridity, the Delta was also a flourishing center for literature and the arts. By the end of the 1940s, the region could claim not only William Alexander Percy and David L. Cohn but Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author Hodding Car ter. Stark Young from Panola County was another of the region’s prominent literary figures. Young Greenvillian Shelby Foote was also beginning to gain recognition for his work, as was Elizabeth Spencer of Carrollton in the edge of the Delta. Writer and agent Ben Wasson and editor and critic Herschell Brickell rounded out the Delta’s literary scene.
Stopping the Buck
Authors: Schoenbaum David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Only three years later, on May 14, 1948, at 6 P.M. Washington time, Israel had become a state, and President Harry S. Truman, as Under Secretary of State Robert Lovett noted, had become its midwife, if not its father. For reasons only incidentally related to Palestine, the United States had meanwhile become a major Middle Eastern power with formal commitments to Greece and Turkey, and a relatively clear and important stake in the stability and independence of Iran. Ecstatically received in Israel itself, the proclamation of statehood appears to have been acknowledged in the White House with something like grim satisfaction. De facto recognition, announced almost immediately, was among the biggest and most obvious of the bucks that stopped at Truman’s desk. Only two days earlier, a White House summit conference had ended in a draw. White House special counsel and Truman’s principal campaign strategist, Clark Clifford argued energetically that the United States should recognize the new state before it had even requested recognition. General George C. Marshall, the legendary wartime chief of staff and secretary of state since 1947, was as adamantly opposed. “The counsel offered by Mr. Clifford was based on domestic political considerations, while the problem that confronted us was international,” Marshall declared, according to the transcript. “I said bluntly that if the President were to follow Mr. Clifford’s advice and if in the elections I were to vote, I would vote against the President.” Acknowledging the constitutional authority of the commander in chieflike the good soldier he was, he nonetheless stayed on when the decision went against him. Clifford went on to a legendary career as a Washington lawyer’s Washington lawyer and a short, but significant, tour as President Lyndon Johnson’s secretary of defense.
Getting Acquainted
Authors: Schoenbaum David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Like a lot of new beginnings, the turbulent transition to state-to-state relations was an anthology of loose ends. Though Israel’s juridical status might still be openended, its borders indeterminate, and its survival itself a matter of touch and go, there was now, at least, a Jewish state in Palestine with its own currency, flag, and postage stamps, and recognized missions in all the world capitals that mattered. It was hardly a coincidence that Jews were particularly sensitive to the gravitational pull of the new state. Born of circumstance and sustained by desperation, relations between American Jews and the Jewish community in Palestine had thitherto reflected the improvisation, contentiousness, and urgency of the Zionist movement. With Israel’s creation, the Zionist organizations and even the movement itself were suddenly redundant and even potentially disruptive. Concerned alike to demonstrate Israel’s sovereignty with respect to foreign Zionist funding, and to insulate its political system from targeted cascades of foreign Zionist votes, BenGurion himself took care to put the American organization virtually out of business within a year or two of independence. Henceforth, the United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was to be the vehicle of Jewish community support, assisted by a wide variety of autonomous civic and philanthropic groups. Distribution of American Jewish funds, in turn, was to be determined by a formula that was eventually to reserve to Israel two-thirds and more of the money it collected.
From War to Watershed
Authors: Schoenbaum David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It was one of the little ironies of U.S. politics that Harry McPherson, a presidential aide of Candidean temperament and impeccably Anglo-Saxon, Texas Democratic origins, had meanwhile succeeded Mike Feldman as the White House “resident specialist on Jewish affairs.” It was one of the little ironies of the 1967 war that he now arrived in Jerusalem the day the war began, en route home from Vietnam. Assigned to inform Prime Minister Levi Eshkol ex officio of White House concern about the growing strain on U.S.-Israeli relations, he was met and briefed on Monday morning by Israel’s chief of military intelligence, Aharon Yariv. “Did the Egyptians attack?” McPherson asked. Yariv replied with an order of battle. “But did they attack?” McPherson persisted. Johnson obviously needed an answer before releasing any statement of his own. The answer came to McPherson as he noticed that his briefer, rather than hustling him to a bunker, was simply studying his watch. Realizing that this could only mean the Egyptian air force had ceased to be a threat, McPherson cabled the president accordingly.
Enfant Terrible—Knoxville, 1936-1937
Authors: May Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On an unseasonably warm morning in early October 1936, Nellie Ogle-the owner of a boarding house at 920 Temple Avenue, Knoxville-was visited by two young men seeking a room to rent. One she knew fairly well-Henry Hart, Jr., a graduate of Vanderbilt University. Hart introduced his companion Bill Remington, down from Dartmouth College to spend the year working for TVA. The tall young man with reddish blond hair seemed very nice, Mrs. Ogle thought, although he did look a bit strange, wearing an overcoat and heavy clothing. Mrs. Ogle showed them a downstairs furnished apartment, consisting of a living room, sleeping porch, and bath; the rent (which included meals) was sixty dollars a month. 920 Temple was home to a number of TVA employees, she told them; they would fit right in. The two men agreed and said they would move in that very day. Remington had arrived in Knoxville a few days earlier, had taken a room at the local YMCA, and had joined TVA’s messenger service. It was there that he met Hart, who was looking for a roommate. They discovered that they both enjoyed art, literature, and music and possessed a similar outlook on politics. “Bill was the most seriously committed individual I’ve ever been close to,” Hart later recalled. “He wanted to get results and achieve his goals and he would let no obstacle stand in his way.” Remington was equally impressed with Hart, the son of a Methodist minister. He called him the southern aristocrat and was happy with his new friend and his new life. He wrote his parents in October:
Sorry about Everything
Authors: May Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On the morning of August 18, 1948, in a conference room in Temporary Building R, Remington met the four men and one woman who would now decide his fate. “As I looked at them,” he later said, “I couldn’t help thinking any one of you and I could swap places.” This was not likely, given the composition of the Fourth Region Loyalty Board. Its chairman was Robert Maurer, sixty-nine and a professor at Georgetown University, where he specialized in constitutional and administrative law. Joining him were three other lawyers: Russell E. Booker, forty-nine and treasurer of the Virginia state Bar Association; Fred E. Martin, fifty-three, who practiced corporate law in Norfolk and was a former state commander of the American Legion; Harry W. Blair, sixty-seven, a Missouri Democrat who served in FDR’s Justice Department in the early 1930s; and finally, Marion Wade Doyle, fifty-three and president of the Washington, D.C., Board of Education. This was a group with which Remington had little in common-all were born in the late nineteenth century and were comfortably settled in careers when Remington was still at Dartmouth. None had been attracted to the radical politics of the early twentieth century or was affected by the ravages of the Depression. How could they understand Remington, who had rebelled against an economic and political order that they, as lawyers and civic leaders, had fought to maintain?
Tool of Tyranny
Authors: May Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
How could Brunini have been so wrong? Here, sitting before him was Ann Moos Remington, whose ex-husband had insulted her publicly, had called her mother a Communist, and had deserted her to carry on an adulterous affair with another woman; if ever there was a woman scorned, it was Ann Moos Remington. But to his surprise and dismay, there was no bitterness or anger, just denials spoken so softly that he could barely hear her. On all the subjects of interest to Brunini and his colleagues, Ann Remington contributed little. “Mrs. Remington,” asked Thomas Donegan, “was your husband a member of the Communist Party?” “Not to my knowledge,” she replied, “and I think I would have known if he had been.” Again and again during the first hours of her hearing the question was asked, and always she said, “No I don’t think so.” Of course, as young people, they were interested in what the Communists were doing; everybody was. “The causes that they promoted seemed good and we got worked up about Spain and the unions and you met Communists in the course of working with these groups We were both kind of crazy in those days.” But they were never more than sympathetic outsiders, and gradually their interest diminished.
Missionary Work
Authors: May Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Joe Rauh later called it a dreadful week. It began on June 8 with the announcement that the special federal grand jury had indicted Remington for perjury. When Remington received the news, he hurried to Rauh’s office to discuss strategy. Rauh recommended making a statement to the press. “This is awfully risky,” Remington said, worried about aggravating the government unnecessarily. “It is only risky if you are guilty,” Rauh replied. “I have to ask you once more, were you ever a member of the Communist Party? It is better to tell me now than later.” “I have never been a member of the Communist Party,” he told Rauh again. Later that day, Remington appeared outside Rauh’s office and again proclaimed his innocence to the waiting press. The U.S. attorney was also notified that Remington would surrender voluntarily on June 13, the day of the arraignment, so they could call off the U.S. marshals with the warrant for his arrest. The next day, Remington resigned from the Commerce Department. In a letter to Secretary Sawyer, he explained that he wished to devote all his time to proving his innocence. He felt no bitterness, just the deepest regret that he was leaving the government that he had served for his entire adult life. Sawyer never answered Remington’s letter and accepted his resignation without official comment.
Not in This Day and Time
Authors: May Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
William Chanler and Joe Rauh spent the summer and fall of 1950 searching for another William Remington-not the disciplined Communist Party member of the government’s imagination but the rebel who challenged all political orthodoxies and was the prisoner of none. Like the FBI (although on a much smaller scale and without the coercive tactics), Remington’s attorneys sought out those people who knew him between 1934 and 1944, hoping to find allies who would help them to refute the government’s charges. They, too, began with Remington’s career at Dartmouth. The men they talked to were governed by one of two emotions-fear or a dislike of Remington that bordered on hatred. Donald Miller, the radical who befriended Remington during his freshman year, was very anxious to help, Rauh learned, but equally anxious not to be a witness. A founder of Scientific American and now its business manager, Miller felt that exposing his own radical past at the trial would damage his magazine. Rauh told him that they would not call him. Despite his anxiety, Miller recommended men whom Rauh should see: Fran Bartlett, a member of the Communist Party following his graduation in 1935, and Robert Boehm, a radical who had written for Steeplejack. They had been men of principle, fighters against privilege and the stuffy status-quo on the Dartmouth campus in the mid-1930s. Surely one of them would help Remington.
The Ends of Expediency
Authors: May Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Surrendering to the government was not what he expected. “No crowing ... no press conferences ... no bothersome cameras and no reporters bothering me.” He signed a few forms and it was off to jail. The whole procedure took less than an hour, and, surprisingly, “it was handled in quite a decent fashion.” Jail was the Federal House of Detention on West Street-a depot where new prisoners were photographed, fingerprinted, examined, and interviewed until the Bureau of Prisons decided where to send them. Alger Hiss hated his brief stay there in 1951. “West Street was a scene of confusion and disorder, and a spirit of misery permeated this house of pandemonium,” he observed. This was not Remington’s experience. His quarters were not too uncomfortable, and he found his fellow inmates generally friendly and not too much different from him“except for skewing on the downward side.” Especially convivial were two Communists detained by the Immigration Service, but he strongly rejected their overtures. He missed Jane terribly but was not bored or lonesome. She visited him that first Sunday and again on April 29, when she was accompanied by his parents. Fred, now eighty-four, was pleased that he could be with Bill, even under these wretched circumstances, because he had been afraid that he would die before being able to see his son again.
Characteristics of Demand
Authors: Matthews John O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Institutional investors increasingly dominate U.S. securities markets in terms of volume of trading. These huge institutions trade large blocks of securities and allocate or hedge their portfolios in ways that can move markets, especially when they act in unison. Their needs therefore strongly influence the types of products offered by broker-dealers and exchanges. Although individual investors are increasing their participation in the securities markets, their participation is increasingly through mutual fund ownership rather than direct stock ownership. Individual investors now own just over 50 percent of U.S. equity and account for less than one-fifth of all trading. Over half the population owns some type of equity investment, although most of it is through participation in institutional investments, such as mutual, pension, and insurance funds. Direct stock ownership is concentrated among a relatively small proportion of investors. The United States nevertheless, has the highest level of individual participation in the securities markets of any country in the world. For instance, less than 25 percent of British citizens hold stock investments (U.S. Office of Technology Assessment 1990, pp. 6, 7, 33).
Mergers, Concentration, and Multiproduct Economies of Scale and Scope
Authors: Matthews John O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One has only to look at the names of today’s securities firms to understand the importance of mergers in the industry (e.g., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc.); indeed, most large firms have undergone significant mergers. Until the early 1980s, mergers played a major role in increasing concentration in the industry, whereas in the mid-1980s, this concentration was more closely related to firm innovations and diversifications. Mergers have progressed from horizontal to vertical to conglomerate. Those mergers that were intended to develop a complete financial service company, or a financial “supermarket” (e.g., American Express and Shearson, Prudential and Bache), have not worked out as well as expected. In Chapter 14, I will argue that this is due to the lack of any real economies of scope or shared know-how among these entities. I also will examine multiproduct economies based on two studies, which show the somewhat surprising result that there is little in the way of economies of scale or scope among the core lines of business in this industry.
Market Making, Proprietary Trading, and Derivatives
Authors: Matthews John O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The major dealer markets are the market for U.S. Treasury securities, the market for corporate bonds, the municipal bond market, the OTC (over-the-counter) market for corporate stock, and the market for asset-backed securities, swaps, and derivatives. Dealers in these markets make bid and offer quotes, and take inventory positions in securities. However, differences among securities lead to important differences in the way that dealers carry out their market-making functions (Garbade 1982, pp. 429-30). In the Treasury market, there are several hundred issues, each on the order of billions of dollars. It is dominated by a small number of primary dealers, and transactions sizes are usually large with small spreads. Since the dealers are quoting similar spreads on a small group of homogeneous securities, this type of dealer market eliminates the need for time-consuming searches for trading partners. In the market for municipal bonds, the market for corporate debt, and the OTC stock market, there are thousands of issues of each type of security. Very few of the issues in each of these markets are large, with relatively few exceeding $500 million. The heterogeneity and relatively small size of municipal bonds and corporate issues of bonds and stock and the type of investor in the instruments have produced some significant differences in the way that dealers operate in each of these markets.
Policy Implications and Recommendations
Authors: Matthews John O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses policy recommendations for the broker-dealer industry based on the analysis of this book and my own experience as a financial economist at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 1977 to 1984. The basic recommendation of the study is that regulators provide a framework that facilitates organizational change so that U.S. securities firms can maintain their position as world leaders in this dynamic industry. This should be added to the traditional objectives of preventing fraud and abuses of investors in financial markets and ensuring the safety and soundness of broker-dealers. Many of the SEC’s policies date from legislation passed many years ago, before global competition was much of an issue. Now, however, if our securities industry does not remain sound, innovative, and flexible, we could lose our industry to larger, better capitalized competitors. The internationalization of securities markets presents U.S. securities firms with both opportunities and challenges. American broker-dealers are the most competitive and innovative firms in the world today, a model of how firms can seek out the profit opportunities available in incomplete markets.
Public Service Broadcasting: Challenges and Responses*
Authors: Rowland Willard D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
These two statements capture much of the debate that has recently been waged over policy for public-service broadcasting in Europe and the United States. Of course, public broadcasting has always lived with controversy. In most industrial societies, however, there usually existed a firm consensus that public-service broadcasting ideals and institutions were necessary and appropriate, if not central, to enlightened modern culture and civilization. During recent years that consensus has verged on breaking down, as several major factors have served in country after country to challenge the rationale for and operational terms of public broadcasting:
Broadcasting Finance in Transition: An International Comparison
Authors: Blumler Jay G , Nossiter T J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This volume has surveyed many national broadcasting systems-their characteristic goals, funding sources and difficulties of weathering change at a more or less shared moment of transition-throughout the industrialized liberal democratic world. But why should American readers be interested in the problems, say, of Dutch television, Britons in the plans of Japan ‘s NHK, or the French in the fate of Sweden ‘s Sveriges Radio? Although comparative communication inquiry can be fascinating from many standpoints, in this case it was guided largely by a policy purpose.
Alcoholism in Korea
Authors: Lee Cttung Kvoon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of alcohol in Korea is as old as the country’s long history. Alcoholic beverages have been used in traditional occasions and ritualistic activities such as birthdays, funerals, weddings, anniversaries of death, birthdays of ancients, promotions, and other landmarks and achievements. Alcohol is also considered a necessary means of promoting social communication. Like other Eastern countries, Korea is a strongly male-oriented society. Men are encouraged to drink; women are not. The presence of a strong Confucian moral ethic discourages the exhibition of drunken behavior, but the Korean culture usually tolerates well and public attitudes are strikingly permissive. As a result, social regulations and constraints on drinking behavior are rather loose with a few exceptions, for example, driving a car while intoxicated.
The Objectives of Containment
Authors: Gaddis John Lewis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Containing the Soviet Union, together with the ambitious ideology it created, has been the most durable foreign policy priority of the United States in the twentieth century. Each presidential administration since Woodrow Wilson’s has devoted itself in one :way or another to this task, and during the Cold War containment became a national fixation. Historians, political scientists, and journalists have hardly neglected the subject either; entire forests have become victims of their successive attempts to explain on paper what containment “really meant.’” But the end of the Cold War is raising new question about containment, as about so many other aspects of Cold War history. One of these has to do with the oddly neglected issue of just what it was that containment was supposed to accomplish. Containment, after all, was never intended as an end in itself; rather, it was supposed to lead to a new kind of relationship with the Soviet Union that would remove, or at least render irrelevant, the reasons for having embarked on that task in the first place. Both practitioners and scholars of containment have remained vague, however, about exactly what that relationship was to have been.