bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Gaschütz' Theorem to relative difference sets in non‐abelian groups
Authors: Galati John C. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLet G be a finite group other than ℤ4 and suppose that G contains a semiregular relative difference set (RDS) relative to a central subgroup U. We apply Gaschütz' Theorem from finite group theory to show that if G/U has cyclic Sylow subgroups for each prime divisor of |U|, then G splits over U. A corollary of this result is that a finite group (other than ℤ4) in which all Sylow subgroups are cyclic cannot contain a central semiregular RDS. We also include an example, originally discovered by D.L. Flannery, which shows that our main theorem is not true in general when U is a (not necessarily central) abelian normal subgroup of G. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 11: 307–311, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10041
Minimum embedding of P3‐designs into (K4—e)‐designs
Authors: Colbourn Charles J. , Ling Alan C. H. , Quattrocchi Gaetano 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA (K4 − e)‐design on v + w points embeds a P3‐design on v points if there is a subset of v points on which the K4 − e blocks induce the blocks of a P3‐design. It is shown that w ≥ ¾(v − 1). When equality holds, the embedding design is easily constructed. In this paper, the next case, when w = ¾v, is settled with finitely many exceptions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 11: 352–366, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10044
A Bose‐Burton type theorem for quadrics
Authors: Metsch Klaus 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLet Q be a non‐degenerate quadric defined by a quadratic form in the finite projective space PG(d,q). Let r be the dimension of the generators of Q. For all k with 2 ≤ k < r we determine the smallest cardinality of a set B of points with the property that every subspace of dimension k that is contained in Q meets B. It turns out that the smallest examples consist of the non‐singular points of quadrics S ∩ Q for suitable subspaces S of codimension k of PG(d,q). For k = 1, the same result was known before. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 11: 317–338, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10051
On Hadamard matrices of order 2(p+1) with an automorphism of odd prime order p
Authors: Dalan Daniel B. , Harada Masaaki , Munemasa Akihiro 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate Hadamard matrices of order 2(p + 1) with an automorphism of odd prime order p. In particular, the classification of such Hadamard matrices for the cases p = 19 and 23 is given. Self‐dual codes related to such Hadamard matrices are also investigated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 11: 367–380, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10052
Partitioning a graph into two isomorphic pieces
Authors: Bonato Anthony , Nowakowski Richard 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA simple graph G has the neighbour‐closed‐co‐neighbour property, or ncc property, if for all vertices x of G, the subgraph induced by the set of neighbours of x is isomorphic to the subgraph induced by the set of non‐neighbours of x. We present characterizations of graphs with the ncc property via the existence of certain perfect matchings, and thereby prove that the ncc graphs can be recognized in polynomial time. Operations preserving the ncc property are discussed, and the graphs with the ncc property that are r‐regular, where r ≤ 5, are classified. The graphs with the ncc property that are locally H, for certain graphs H are classified. Infinite graphs with the ncc property are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 1–14, 2003
On covering bridged plane triangulations with balls
Authors: Chepoi Victor , Vaxès Yann 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe show that every plane graph of diameter 2r in which all inner faces are triangles and all inner vertices have degree larger than 5 can be covered with two balls of radius r. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 65–80, 2003
Det‐extremal cubic bipartite graphs
Authors: Funk M. , Jackson Bill , Labbate D. , Sheehan J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLet G be a connected k–regular bipartite graph with bipartition V(G) = X ∪ Y and adjacency matrix A. We say G is det‐extremal if per (A) = |det(A)|. Det–extremal k–regular bipartite graphs exist only for k =  2 or 3. McCuaig has characterized the det‐extremal 3‐connected cubic bipartite graphs. We extend McCuaig's result by determining the structure of det‐extremal cubic bipartite graphs of connectivity two. We use our results to determine which numbers can occur as orders of det‐extremal connected cubic bipartite graphs, thus solving a problem due to H. Gropp. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 44: 50–64, 2003
The use of mechanical analyses, scanning electron microscopy and ultrasonic imaging to study the effects of high‐pressure processing on multilayer films
Authors: Caner C , Hernandez RJ , Pascall MA , Riemer J 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe effects of high‐pressure processing (HPP) on the mechanical and physical characteristics of eight high‐barrier multilayer films were investigated. These films were PET/SiOx/LDPE, PET/Al2O3/LDPE, PET/PVDC/nylon/HDPE/PP, PE/nylon/EVOH/PE, PE/nylon/PE, metallised PET/EVA/LLDPE, PP/nylon/PP and PET/PVDC/EVA. In addition, PP was evaluated as a monolayer film for comparison purposes. Pouches made from these films were filled with distilled water, sealed, then pressure processed at 600 and 800 MPa for 5, 10 and 20 min at a process temperature of 45 °C. Pouches kept at atmospheric pressure were used as controls. Prior to and after HPP, all films were tested for tensile strength, percentage elongation and modulus of elasticity (at 50 cm min−1) and imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and C‐mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C‐SAM). Results showed no significant changes in tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity of all films after HPP. However, significant physical damage to metallised PET (MET‐PET) was identified by SEM and C‐SAM. Thus it could be concluded that MET‐PET is not suitable for batch‐type high‐pressure‐processed food packaging. It can also be concluded that the other materials investigated during this study are suitable for batch‐type high‐pressure‐processed food packaging. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation and characterisation of a 21 kDa aleurone‐specific protein from rice (Oryza sativa) seed
Authors: Singh Kapildeo N , Prasad Anand Mohan , Santhanlakshmi L , Kumaran R 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA protein of 21 kDa was isolated from the aleurone layer of Nootripathu rice seed. Antibodies were raised against the HPLC‐purified protein and tested by western blotting. Aleurone specificity of this protein was confirmed by immunolocalisation assay. The immunolocalisation study also confirmed the presence of a similar protein in other varieties of rice. During the developmental stage this protein is selectively expressed in rice seed, as shown by western blot analysis. Expression of this protein increases after the milky stage, as shown by protein dot blot analysis. HPLC analysis revealed that this protein is less hydrophobic than other, eg those from the endosperm. This novel protein may be a possible candidate for targeting into the endosperm to enhance the nutritional value of polished rice. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of rare earth elements on peroxidase activity in tea shoots
Authors: Wang Dongfeng , Wang Changhong , Wei Zhenggui , Qi Hongtao , Zhao Guiwen 
Published: August 2003

AbstractRare earth microelement fertiliser (REMF) can increase the yield and quality of crops and has been widely applied in Chinese agriculture. However, relatively little is known about the physiological effects of rare earth ions. In this study the effects of REMF on the biomass and peroxidase (POD) activity of tea plants were investigated. The possible inductive mechanism of POD was also analysed. The results showed that REMF could promote POD activity in tea shoots and enhance the tea shoot biomass. The POD protein in tea shoots was found to bind rare earth elements, mainly La, Nd and Ce. It was also proved that La3+ and Nd3+ increased POD activity in vitro. The POD activity induced by La3+ and Nd3+ is possibly related to partial replacement of the metals in POD by La3+ and Nd3+. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Critical study of a procedure for the assay of starch in ligneous plants
Authors: Gomez Laurent , Rubio Emilie , Lescourret Françoise 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLigneous plants offer a wide variety of matrices that interfere with the assay of starch, which is present at low levels which vary considerably depending on the tissues considered and the phenological stage. Because no reference technique is available, a critical study was developed to validate a method for the enzymatic assay of starch. Analyses were performed on 50 mg samples of plant powder obtained from different parts of peach trees. After the total elimination of soluble components (including glucose) in a water/methanol/chloroform mixture, the starch was extracted from the ligneous residue and solubilised either by autoclaving in an aqueous medium or using 4 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution (dispersion stage). After hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase, the starch content was determined indirectly by the enzymatic assay of released sugar. The precision (repeatability and reproducibility), linearity (addition of specified amounts of starch) and accuracy (high rate of starch recovery, 95%) of the method were excellent, whichever dispersion method was employed. The highly significant analogy of the results obtained using such diverse dispersion techniques (autoclaving and dissolution in KOH) was indicative of their specificity and efficacy. The reliability of the enzymatic stages was generally excellent. However, some plant matrices may, during dispersion, release soluble compounds which interfere with amyloglucosidase activity, and this may explain the incomplete recovery of starch. This moderate and unpredictable interference was, in principle, the only critical point concerning the method for the enzymatic assay of starch in ligneous plants with very low starch content, the reliability of which was clearly demonstrated. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of the use of ram horn hydrolysate for fungal protein production
Authors: Kurbanoglu Esabi B 
Published: August 2003

AbstractProduction of the fungus Aspergillus niger NRRL 330 was studied in submerged fermentation with ram horn hydrolysate (RHH) as substrate. The characteristics of RHH have been reported previously. The RHH was enriched by addition of glucose and KH2PO4. The effects of kinetic parameters on the biomass yield of the fungus were investigated. The optimal conditions for growth of A niger on RHH were initial pH 6.5, temperature 30 °C, fermentation time 96 h and agitation speed 150 rpm. Under these optimal conditions the initial carbohydrate content of RHH was reduced from 1.52 to 0.2% and the biomass yield was 8.9 g l−1. The biomass contained about 48.1% protein, 5.2% fat and 9.4% ash (on a dry weight basis). The amino acid content of the biomass was compared with Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) and animal feed standards. The protein produced contained all the essential amino acids for animal feed, but the amounts of these amino acids were somewhat lower than those of FAO and soybean reference protein. However, the amino acid composition of the biomass was better than that of animal feed. The results with RHH were also compared with previously reported data on fungal mycelium grown on waste liquor substrate. In conclusion, it was found that RHH could be used as a substrate in the production of fungal protein for use as animal feed. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipase activity in different tissues of four species of fish: rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton), oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps Linnaeus), mullet (Liza subviridis Valenciennes) and Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier)
Authors: Nayak Jyotiranjan , Viswanathan Nair PG , Ammu K , Mathew Suseela 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLipase activity in stomach and pyloric caeca, liver, intestine and red muscle of rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton), oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps Linnaeus), mullet (Liza subviridis Valenciennes) and Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier) was studied. Distinct differences in lipolytic activity in different tissues of these fish were observed. Rohu showed the highest activity in all tissues in comparison with the other three species of fish. Among the three size groups of mullet, medium‐sized mullet showed higher activity than the other two groups in all tissues except intestine. Rohu hepatopancreatic lipase exhibited more hydrolytic activity on fish oil than rohu intestinal lipase. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of microvolatiles in brandy: relationship between methylketone concentration and Cognac age
Authors: Watts Vivian A , Butzke Christian E 
Published: August 2003

AbstractHeadspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to identify and quantify four odd‐numbered methylketones in commercial Cognac brandies. These ketones are in part responsible for the desirable and complex characteristic called ‘rancio charentais’ or ‘Cognac rancio’ which is found in grape brandies aged in oak barrels for several decades. The ketones 2‐heptanone, 2‐nonanone, 2‐undecanone and 2‐tridecanone form through β‐oxidation and decarboxylation of long‐chain fatty acids originating from yeast metabolism. The concentrations of these ketones increased with Cognac age classification in the 42 brandies analysed, and 2‐heptanone was present at the highest concentration in most samples. The average concentrations and rates of formation decreased with increasing chain length. Total concentrations ranged from 21 to 328 µg l−1. The esters propyl octanoate and ethyl octanoate followed the same trend as the methylketones and appear to play an additional role in the formation of the rancio character. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Cloning and some properties of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) polyphenol oxidase, and changes in browning potential during fruit maturation
Authors: Nishimura Makiyo , Fukuda Chieko , Murata Masatsune , Homma Seiichi 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA PCR‐amplified genomic DNA fragment encoding Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was cloned and sequenced. The DNA appears to encode a 66 kDa precursor protein consisting of a 56 kDa mature protein and a 9.5 kDa N‐terminal transit peptide. The amino acid sequence showed high homology with apple PPO. The PPO mainly existed as a soluble fraction in cells and was limitedly proteolysed, while the mature form (56 kDa) was detected in plastids. Immature fruits showing high browning potential had high PPO activity and a high level of phenolics, while mature fruits showing little browning had high PPO activity but a low level of phenolics. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Food intake and live growth performance of pigs measured automatically and continuously from 25 to 115 kg live weight
Authors: Green Darren M , Brotherstone Susan , Schofield C Paddy , Whittemore Colin T 
Published: August 2003

AbstractContinuous automatic measurement and electronic recording provided data for individual pig live weight and food intake on a daily basis for a total of 74 pigs representing three commercially available crossbred types of mixed genetic origin, which were kept under commercial farming conditions to determine practical expectations for food intake and performance characteristics over the whole of the growth range from 25 to 115 kg live weight. The pig types were named as ‘Landrace’ type, ‘Pietrain’ type and ‘Meishan’ type, having been chosen to represent ‘lean’, ‘meaty’ and ‘fatty’ types. The pigs were fed ad libitum and serially slaughtered in groups at 32, 42, 63, 82 and 112 kg live weight (W). Results are presented in the order of pig type as above. Daily live weight gains at 80 kg live weight were 0.93, 0.94 and 0.91 kg day−1 and at 100 kg were 1.04, 0.81 and 0.75 kg day−1. Food intake curves differed with respect to both position and shape, with ‘Pietrain’ type pigs showing a lower increase with increasing live weight. Significant differences were found in the levels of fatness, as measured by P2 backfat depth, of the three pig types across the weight range examined (P < 0.001), in order of fatness ‘Pietrain’ type < ‘Landrace’ type < ‘Meishan’ type. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Qualitative PCR for the detection of chicken and pork adulteration in goose and mule duck foie gras
Authors: Rodríguez Miguel A , García Teresa , González Isabel , Asensio Luis , Hernández Pablo E , Martin Rosario 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction amplification of a conserved region of the α‐actin gene has been used for specific identification of chicken (Gallus gallus) and pork (Sus scrofa domesticus) adulteration in goose (Anser anser) and mule duck (Anasplatyrhynchos × Cairinamoschata) foie gras. The design of species‐specific forward primers, together with a reverse universal primer, allowed the generation of amplicons of different lengths in each species. The different sizes of the species‐specific amplicons, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, allowed clear identification of the presence chicken and pork in goose and mule duck foie gras with a detection limit of 0.1% (w/w). The technique could be used in inspection programmes to enforce labelling regulation of foie gras and other meat products. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of unilateral lesions of HVC on song patterns of male domesticated canaries
Authors: Halle F. , Gahr M. , Kreutzer M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBird song is a model for studying neural control and lateralization of a learned behavior. Adult male canary develops large and varied song repertoires. Particular features of the male are well known to stimulate the reproductive activities of the female. We report here on the effect of lesions of either the left or right HVC, a key nucleus of the descending vocal control network of songbirds, on different song parameters of common domesticated male canaries of an European outbred strain. These canaries are useful to evaluate the question of central versus peripheral lateralization because they do not show syringeal dominance for syllable production compared to the previously studied canary strains. Right‐sided lesions reduced the highest frequency and the widest frequency band. Left‐sided lesion increased the lowest frequency. The size of the left‐sided lesions correlated with the reduction of the repertoire of simple syllables, of the total repertoire and of the highest repetition rate, and with the increase of the lowest frequency. These results suggest a lateralized specialization of both left and right vocal pathways for particular features of the song, especially those that are known to elicit a great number of copulation solicitation displays (CSD). Lesions of both left and right pathways affected, however, sound amplitude of all syllables. Because this effect was more sever following left‐sided lesions, and because the syrinx morphology of canaries has a left‐right asymmetry, we suggest a peripheral mechanism for the observed lateralized specializations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 56: 303–314, 2003
Denervation and age modify neuromuscular positional selectivity
Authors: Chadaram S.R. , Laskowski M.B. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe rostrocaudal position of neurons within the spinal motor pool maps systematically onto the surface of several muscles in mammals. In an effort to understand the mechanisms that generate such maps, we have been studying choices made by embryonic spinal cord neurons on muscle membrane substrates in the in vitro stripe assay. In this report we explore the effects of postnatal age of the muscle on neurite choice, and how prior denervation modifies this choice. Our results further differentiate rostral from caudal motor neurons in preferring one substrate to another. First, caudal neurites prefer to grow on P6 neonatal caudal over rostral membranes, but lose this ability to distinguish axial position of origin in older muscles. Rostral neurites prefer growth on rostral membranes, but this preference also diminishes with age. Second, when adult muscles have been denervated, both rostral and caudal neurites regain their positional growth selectivity. Third, caudal neurites are particularly sensitive to substrate choice. When growing on a preferred substrate (gluteus) caudal neurites prefer neonatal over adult membranes. These results support the concept of fundamental differences in the growth preferences of rostral and caudal spinal neurites. These differences will assist in the identification of molecular guidance cues that determine the formation of neuromuscular positional maps. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 56: 347–359, 2003
Progesterone receptor gene and protein expression in the anterior preoptic area and hypothalamus of defeminized rats
Authors: Arrieta Isabel , Díaz‐Ibáñez Leticia Berenice , Morales Teresa , Mendoza‐Garcés Luciano , Morimoto Sumiko , Moreno‐Mendoza Norma , Cerbón Marco A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractProgesterone receptor (PR) plays an important role during sexual differentiation of the rat brain. The objective of the present study was to determine PR protein and gene expression pattern in preoptic‐anterior hypothalamic area (POA‐AHA) and hypothalamus (HYP), after estradiol or testosterone treatment during the postnatal critical period of sexual differentiation of the rat brain (defeminized animals). Three‐day‐old female rats were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with a single dose of 17β‐estradiol (200 μg), or testosterone enanthate (200 μg), or vehicle (corn oil). POA‐AHA and HYP were dissected 3 h, 24 h, and 14 days, as well as on the day of vaginal opening (VO) after treatments. Other animals, previously treated as above, were acutely injected with 17β‐estradiol (5 μg) on the day of VO; POA‐AHA and HYP were obtained 3 h later. Total RNA was extracted and processed for semiquantitative RT‐PCR and tissue slices were prepared for protein detection by immunohistochemistry. We observed that PR mRNA expression was increased in POA‐AHA and HYP of the animals treated with estradiol or testosterone 3 hours after treatments, compared with the vehicle‐treated control group. We also found a significant increase in PR mRNA and protein expression in POA‐AHA and HYP on the day of VO in both estradiol and testosterone defeminized rats. Interestingly, the acute administration of estradiol on the day of VO (VO + E2) did not increase PR mRNA or protein expression in POA‐AHA and HYP of either estradiol or testosterone defeminized animals, as opposed to the marked induction observed in the intact animals of the control group. The overall results suggest that estradiol and testosterone treatment during the postnatal critical period of sexual differentiation of the brain modifies the regulation of the PR mRNA and protein expression during early onset of maturity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 56: 338–346, 2003