bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of Infertility and Midlife Cardiovascular Health in Female Individuals
Authors: Nichols Amy R. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Switkowski Karen M. , Zhang Mingyu , Young Jessica G. , Hivert Marie-France , Chavarro Jorge E. , Oken Emily 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceFertility status is a marker for future health, and infertility has been associated with risk for later cancer and diabetes, but associations with midlife cardiovascular health (CVH) in female individuals remain understudied.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of infertility history with CVH at midlife (approximately age 50 years) among parous individuals.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProject Viva is a prospective cohort study of pregnant participants enrolled between 1999 and 2002 who delivered a singleton live birth in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, area. Infertility history was collected at a midlife visit between 2017 and 2021, approximately 18 years after enrollment. Data analysis was performed from January to June 2023.ExposuresThe primary exposure was any lifetime history of infertility identified by self-report, medical record, diagnosis, or claims for infertility treatment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) is a construct for ranking CVH that includes scores from 0 to 100 (higher scores denote better health status) in 4 behavioral (diet, physical activity, sleep, and smoking status) and 4 biomedical (body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipids, and glycemia) domains to form an overall assessment of CVH. Associations of a history of infertility (yes or no) with mean LE8 total, behavioral, biomedical, and blood biomarker (lipids and glycemia) scores were examined, adjusting for age at outcome (midlife visit), race and ethnicity, education, household income, age at menarche, and perceived body size at age 10 years.ResultsOf 468 included participants (mean [SD] age at the midlife visit, 50.6 [5.3] years) with exposure and outcome data, 160 (34.2%) experienced any infertility. Mean (SD) LE8 scores were 76.3 (12.2) overall, 76.5 (13.4) for the behavioral domain, 76.0 (17.5) for the biomedical domain, and 78.9 (19.2) for the blood biomarkers subdomain. In adjusted models, the estimated overall LE8 score at midlife was 2.94 points lower (95% CI, −5.13 to −0.74 points), the biomedical score was 4.07 points lower (95% CI, −7.33 to −0.78 points), and the blood subdomain score was 5.98 points lower (95% CI, −9.71 to −2.26 points) among those with vs without history of infertility. The point estimate also was lower for the behavioral domain score (β = −1.81; 95% CI, −4.28 to 0.66), although the result was not statistically significant.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of parous individuals found evidence for an association between a history of infertility and lower overall and biomedical CVH scores. Future study of enhanced cardiovascular preventive strategies among those who experience infertility is warranted.
Reporting Requirements, Confidentiality, and Legal Immunity for Physicians Who Report Medically Impaired Drivers
Authors: Tran Elaine M. , Lee Jeffrey E. 
Published: January 2024

ImportancePhysicians play an important role in assessing patients’ ability to drive. There is a dearth of peer-reviewed information on policies regarding physician reporting of medically impaired drivers.ObjectiveTo investigate state reporting requirements and the availability of confidentiality and legal immunity for physicians who report medically impaired drivers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to 30, 2022, in 3 rounds. First, all 50 US states’ Department of Motor Vehicle (DMV) websites were systematically reviewed. Second, DMV staff from each state were surveyed via telephone. Third, each state’s legal codes for driver licensing were reviewed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcome measures included the percentage of states with mandatory and voluntary reporting policies, reporting instructions on DMV websites, anonymous reporting options, and legal immunity for reporting physicians, in addition to characteristics of states’ mandatory reporting policies (ie, types of medical conditions that require reporting) and policies surrounding the confidentiality of reports. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOne-third of state DMV websites (17 [34%]) lacked instructions regarding physician reporting. Six states had mandatory reporting requirements; 4 of these states only required reporting of conditions characterized by lapses of consciousness. Only 3 states (6%) accepted anonymous reports, and 7 states (14%) deemed physician reports of medically impaired drivers confidential without exception. Nearly one-third of states (15 [30%]) deemed reports by physicians confidential, with the exception that reported drivers could find out who reported them if they asked for a copy of the reporting form. Most states (37 [74%]) had statutes that protected physicians from liability related to reporting medically impaired drivers.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of state reporting requirements regarding medically impaired drivers found many differences in state policies regarding mandatory reporting and the conditions that require reporting. There was also limited availability of online reporting instructions, anonymous reporting options, and legal protections for reporting physicians.
Investigation of low‐disturbance seismic retrofit method for steel column bases using curved members
Authors: Lin Kun‐Sian , Kurata Masahiro , Kawasaki Yutaro , Kitatani Yoshio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeismic retrofit has always been a very important subject in recent years. However, typical retrofit techniques such as load‐resisting systems, damper devices, and seismic isolation systems will cause considerable disturbances to the structural system, such as increased force demand, and the building's occupants will need to be temporarily relocated during the construction. A design of the low‐disturbance retrofit method for steel column bases that uses the advantages of the curved member has been proposed in the study to improve seismic performance and reduce the mentioned demerits above. The basic mechanism of the curved member retrofit system was first analytically evaluated by preliminary modeling, followed by a parametric study to verify the effective shape. Four curved member specimens were tested with variations in fabrication processes and boundary conditions. Several aspects, including overall behavior, strength backbones, and deformation shapes of the specimens, were examined upon measured responses. The hysteretic performance of the curved member retrofit system is verified to achieve a stable cyclic behavior with limited strength degradation. A set of physical equations for estimating the lateral loads were established and verified by developing numerical models with a good agreement that enabled them to accurately represent the measured responses in the test.
Buried‐Contact Organic Field‐Effect Transistor: The Way of Alleviating Drawbacks from Interfacial Charge Transfer
Authors: Hwang Taehoon , Seo Jungyoon , Tsogbayar Dashdendev , Ko Eun , Park Jisu , Jeong Yujeong , Han Songyeon , Kim Hongdeok , Choi Joonmyung , Ahn Hyungju , Lee Jihoon , Choi Hyun Ho , Lee Hwa Sung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFacile charge transfer between source/drain (S/D) electrodes and organic semiconductor (OSC) channel is crucial for high‐mobility organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Herein, a novel OFET geometry is developed by modifying a top‐contact bottom‐gate device structure, termed a buried‐contact OFET, enabling close proximity between the S/D‐OSC interface and conducting channel, consequently decreasing the access contact resistance (RC,acc) and overall contact resistance (RC). Conventional post‐thermal annealing is combined with a burying pressure (pressure‐thermal annealing (PTA)). The synergistic effect of thermal and pressure annealings leads to the softened OSC layer enabling metal electrodes to bury inward by applied pressure. This process induces structural transitions from a top‐contact to buried‐contact configuration, as verified by atomic force microscopy and finite element simulations. Transfer line method and 4‐probe measurements revealed that PTA reduces the contact by 1/3 (65 kΩ cm) and the source‐to‐drain voltage waste due to charge injection from 52% to 31%. Consequently, the field‐effect mobility is four times higher than that of a conventional thermally annealed top‐contact OFET. The density of deep traps (Ntr) is mainly distributed in the OSC bulk responsible for charge injection. Remarkably, the Ntr decreased 30‐fold using PTA, resulting in a shallow sub‐threshold region and a threshold voltage close to zero.
Digital Multiphase Composites via Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Smith Lawrence T. , MacCurdy Robert B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMechanical properties of traditional engineering materials are typically coupled to each other, presenting a challenge to practitioners with multi‐dimensional material property requirements. In this work, continuous, independent control over multiple mechanical properties is demonstrated in composite materials realized using additive manufacturing. For the first time, composites additively manufactured from rigid plastic, soft elastomer, and liquid constituents are experimentally characterized, demonstrating materials which span four orders of magnitude in modulus and two orders of magnitude in toughness. By forming analytical mappings between relative concentrations of constituents at the microscale and resulting macroscale material properties, inverse material design is enabled; the method is showcased by printing artifacts with prescribed toughness and elasticity distributions. The properties of these composites are placed in the context of biological tissues, showing they have promise as mechanically plausible tissue mimics.
Polymer Molecules Adsorption‐Induced Zincophilic‐Hydrophobic Protective Layer Enables Highly Stable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Deng Qiang , You Shunzhang , Min Wenxue , Xu Yunkai , Lin Wei , Lu Jun , Yang Chenghao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractZn metal, as one of the most promising anode materials for aqueous batteries, suffers from uncontrollable dendrite growth and water‐induced parasitic reactions, which drastically compromise its cycle life and Coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, a nonionic amphipathic additive Tween‐20 (TW20) is proposed that bears both zincophilic and hydrophobic units. The zincophilic segment of TW20 preferentially adsorbs on the Zn anode, while the hydrophobic segment is exposed on the electrolyte side, forming an electrolyte‐facing hydrophobic layer that shields the anode from active water molecules. Moreover, theoretical calculation and experimental results reveal that the TW20 additive can induce the preferential growth of (002) plane by adsorbing on other facets, enabling dendrite‐free Zn anodes. Benefitting from these advantages, the stability and reversibility of Zn anodes are substantially improved, reflected by stable cycling for over 2500 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2 and 500 h at 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2 as well as an average CE of 99.4% at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2. The full cells paired with MnO2 demonstrate a long lifespan for more than 700 cycles at 500 mA g−1. This work is expected to provide a new approach to modulate Zn electrode interface chemistry for highly stable Zn anodes.
The origins of musicality in the motion of primates
Authors: Schruth David M. , Templeton Christopher N. , Holman Darryl J. , Smith Eric A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnimals communicate acoustically to report location, identity, and emotive state to conspecifics. Acoustic signals can also function as displays to potential mates and as territorial advertisement. Music and song are terms often reserved only for humans and birds, but elements of both forms of acoustic display are also found in non‐human primates. While culture, bonding, and side‐effects all factor into the emergence of musicality, biophysical insights into what might be signaled by specific acoustic features are less well understood.ObjectivesHere we probe the origins of musicality by evaluating the links between musical features (structural complexity, rhythm, interval, and tone) and a variety of potential ecological drivers of its evolution across primate species. Alongside other hypothesized causes (e.g. territoriality, sexual selection), we evaluated the hypothesis that perilous arboreal locomotion might favor musical calling in primates as a signal of capacities underlying spatio‐temporal precision in motor tasks.Materials and MethodsWe used musical features found in spectrographs of vocalizations of 58 primate species and corresponding measures of locomotion, diet, ranging, and mating. Leveraging phylogenetic information helped us impute missing data and control for relatedness of species while selecting among candidate multivariate regression models.ResultsResults indicated that rapid inter‐substrate arboreal locomotion is highly correlated with several metrics of music‐like signaling. Diet, alongside mate‐choice and range size, emerged as factors that also correlated with complex calling patterns.DiscussionThese results support the hypothesis that musical calling may function as a signal, to neighbors or potential mates, of accuracy in landing on relatively narrow targets.
Stereoselective Ring‐opening Polymerization of S‐Carboxyanhydrides Using Salen Aluminum Catalysts: A Route to High‐Isotactic Functionalized Polythioesters
Authors: Zhu Yinuo , Tao Youhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolythioesters are important sustainable polymers with broad applications. The ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of S‐Carboxyanhydrides (SCAs) can afford polythioesters with functional groups that are typically difficult to prepare by ROP of thiolactones. Typical methods involving organocatalysts, like dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and triethylamine (Et3N), have been plagued by uncontrolled polymerization, including epimerization for most SCAs resulting in the loss of isotacticity. Here, we report the use of salen aluminum catalysts for the selective ROP of various SCAs without epimerization, affording functionalized polythioester with high molecular weight up to 37.6 kDa and the highest Pm value up to 0.99. Notably, the ROP of TlaSCA (SCA prepared from thiolactic acid) generates the first example of a isotactic crystalline poly(thiolactic acid), which exhibited a distinct Tm value of 152.6 °C. Effective ligand tailoring governs the binding affinity between the sulfide chain‐end and the metal center, thereby maintaining the activity of organometallic catalysts and reducing the occurrence of epimerization reactions.
Discovering Electrochemistry with an Electrochemistry‐Informed Neural Network (ECINN)
Authors: Chen Haotian , Yang Minjun , Smetana Bedřich , Novák Vlastimil , Matějka Vlastimil , Compton Richard G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMachine learning is increasingly integrated into chemistry research by guiding experimental procedures, correlating structure and function, interpreting large experimental datasets, to distill scientific insights that might be challenging with traditional methods. Such applications, however, largely focus on gaining insights via big data and/or big computation, while neglecting the valuable chemical prior knowledge dwelling in chemists’ minds. In this paper, we introduce an Electrochemistry‐Informed Neural Network (ECINN) by explicitly embedding electrochemistry priors including the Butler–Volmer (BV), Nernst and diffusion equations on the backbone of neural networks for multi‐task discovery of electrochemistry parameters. We applied the ECINN to voltammetry experiments ofandredox couples to discover electrode kinetics and mass transport parameters. Notably, ECINN seamlessly integrated mass transport with BV to analyze the entire voltammogram to infer transfer coefficients directly, so offering a new approach to Tafel analysis by outdating various mass transport correction methods. In addition, ECINN can help discover the nature of electron transfer and is shown to refute incorrect physics if imposed. This work encourages chemists to embed their domain knowledge into machine learning models to start a new paradigm of chemistry‐informed machine learning for better accountability, interpretability, and generalization.
Study on the mechanical properties and microstructure of high‐performance carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Zhao Chenyue , Su Yanan , Zheng Shaoqiu , He Hangyu , Zheng Xiaoxia , Li Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA high‐toughness epoxy has been prepared using carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) as a toughening agent to modify the AG‐80 epoxy resin. High‐performance carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites are fabricated using the CTBN‐toughened epoxy resin as the matrix and two types of CF, namely, T800SC and T800HB, as reinforcement. The mechanical properties of the matrix, surface properties of the CFs, tensile properties, and fracture morphologies of the composites are systematically investigated to elucidate the key factors influencing interfacial bonding in high‐performance CF/EP composites. The results reveal that the most significant improvement in toughness is achieved when the CTBN content is 6.90 wt.% in the epoxy resin. Owing to the high content of polar functional groups and excellent surface wettability of T800SC, the T800SC/EP composite exhibits superior mechanical properties compared with the T800HB/EP composite.
Publicly funded healthcare costs associated with orofacial clefts for children born in Alberta, Canada between 2002 and 2018
Authors: Bedard Tanya , Lowry R. Brian , Crawford Susan , Wang Ting (Grace) , Bakal Jeffrey , Metcalfe Amy , Harrop A. Robertson , Grevers Xin , Thomas Mary Ann 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOrofacial clefts (OFCs) include cleft palate (CP), cleft lip (CL), and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) and require multidisciplinary healthcare services. Alberta, Canada has a publicly funded, universal access healthcare system. This study determined publicly funded healthcare costs for children with an OFC and compared these costs to children without congenital anomalies.MethodsThis retrospective population‐based cohort analysis used the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System to identify children born between 2002 and 2018 with an isolated OFC. They were matched 1:1 to a reference cohort based on sex and year of birth. The study population included 1614 children, from birth to 17 years of age linked to administrative databases to estimate annual inpatient and outpatient costs. Average annual all‐cause costs were compared using two‐sample independent t tests.ResultsThe mean total cleft‐related costs per patient were highest for children with CLP ($74,138 CAD, standard deviation (SD) $43,447 CAD), followed by CP ($53,062 CAD, SD $74,366 CAD), and CL ($35,288 CAD, SD $49,720 CAD).The mean total all‐cause costs per child were statistically significantly higher (p < .001) in children with an OFC ($56,305 CAD, SD $57,744 CAD) compared to children without a congenital anomaly ($18,600 CAD, SD $61,300 CAD).ConclusionsDespite public health strategies to mitigate risk factors, the trend for OFCs has remained stable in Alberta, Canada for over 20 years. The costs reported are useful to other jurisdictions for comparison, and to families, healthcare professionals, service planners, and policy makers.
Education systems and academic stress—A comparative perspective
Authors: Högberg Björn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcademic stress among adolescents can undermine academic achievement and harm mental health. Levels of academic stress vary considerably across countries and education systems, but little is known regarding the causes of this variation. In this paper, I develop a theoretical framework positing that stress will be lower in education systems that reduce the stakes attached to academic achievements, temper competition and high aspirations, and weaken the link between achievements and self‐worth. I test observable implications of the framework by analysing if stress is influenced by the degree of external differentiation and vocational orientation of education systems, using harmonised survey data on pupils in more than 30 countries. The empirical analyses largely support the implications of the framework: pupils in more differentiated and vocationally orientated systems report significantly lower levels of stress, also in models adjusting for country fixed effects. Moreover, academic achievement is a less important predictor of stress in differentiated or vocational systems, possibly due to lower stakes attached to achievements. I end by proposing further predictions of the framework that can be tested in future research, and by discussing implications of the results with regard to possible trade‐offs between different goals of education policy.
Cross‐media synergies between TV news media and social media in charitable crowdfunding
Authors: Dehdashti Yashar , Namin Aidin , Ketron Seth C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent methods of creating awareness about charitable crowdfunding campaigns are mostly within online platforms (e.g., social media). However, TV news media continue to feature causes calling for donations, raising the question of whether TV media contribute to the success of charitable crowdfunding. This research measures the effect of TV news media alongside social media on charitable crowdfunding campaigns using secondary data scraped from a popular crowdfunding site. We find that campaigns shared on TV and social media (vs. social media alone) generate more funding and have more donors but take a significantly larger time to reach their target. Thus, in the context of charitable crowdfunding, there may be a tradeoff between volume of donations and donors and the speed at which campaigns conclude.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Based Electrochemical Sensor for In Situ Detection of Free Proline in Cucumber Leaves
Authors: Yan Lucheng , Luo Bin , Wang Cheng , Dong Hongtu , Wang Xiaodong , Hou Peichen , Liu Ke , Li Aixue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProline is an important amino acid, which is crucial to plant growth and development. Accurate analysis of proline content is of great significance for understanding its physiological mechanism in plants. In this paper, according to the requirements for in‐situ detection in plants in precision agriculture, an electrochemical molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) sensor for determining proline in living plants was developed. Polypyrrole (PPy) was used as the functional monomer. To improve the performance of the MIP sensor, Au nanoparticles (NPs) were electrodeposited on the screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) electrode. Thionine (Thi) was then electropolymerized on the SPEs to be used as an internal reference signal molecule. The MIP‐based proline sensor has the widest detection range of 1×10−16 −0.01 M. And its detection limit is the lowest (9.18 aM) so far. It was also used for measuring free proline in the leaves of living cucumber seedlings under salt stress. The MIP‐based proline sensor has an important prospect for detecting the physiological status of plants in situ and will play an important role in smart agriculture.