bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test of new physics effects in $$ \overline{B}\to \left({D}^{\left(\ast \right)},\pi \right){\ell}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell } $$ decays with heavy and light leptons
Authors: Ray Ipsita , Nandi Soumitra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the $$ \overline{B}\to D\left({D}^{\ast}\right){\ell}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell } $$

B
¯

→
D

D
∗

ℓ
−

ν
¯

ℓ

decays based on the up-to-date available inputs from experiments and the lattice. First, we review the standard model (SM) predictions of the different observables associated with these decay channels. In the analyses, we consider new physics (NP) effects in the channels with the heavy (τ), as well as the light leptons (μ, e). We have extracted |Vcb| along with the new physics Wilson coefficients (WCs) from the available data on light leptons; the extracted value of |Vcb| is (40.3 ± 0.5) × 10−3. The extracted WCs are consistent with zero, but some could be of order 10−2. Also, we have done the simultaneous analysis of the data in $$ \overline{B}\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}\left({\mu}^{-},{e}^{-}\right)\overline{\nu} $$

B
¯

→

D

∗

μ
−

e
−

ν
¯

alongside the inputs on $$ R\left({D}^{\left(\ast \right)}\right)=\frac{\Gamma \left(\overline{B}\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\tau}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\tau}\right)}{\Gamma \left(\overline{B}\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\ell}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell}\right)} $$
R

D

∗

=

Γ

B
¯

→

D

∗

τ
−

ν
¯

τ

Γ

B
¯

→

D

∗

ℓ
−

ν
¯

ℓ

and the D∗ longitudinal polarisation fraction $$ {F}_L^{D^{\ast }} $$

F
L

D
∗

in different NP scenarios and extracted |Vcb| which is consistent with the number mentioned above. Also, the simultaneous explanation of R(D(∗)) and $$ {F}_L^{D^{\ast }} $$

F
L

D
∗

is not possible in the one-operator scenarios. However, the two operator scenarios with $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{S_2}^{\tau }=\left({\overline{q}}_R{b}_L\right)\left({\overline{\tau}}_R{\nu}_{\tau L}\right) $$

O

S
2

τ

=

q
¯

R

b
L

τ
¯

R

ν
τL

as one of the operators could explain all these three measurements. Finally, we have given predictions of all the related observables in $$ \overline{B}\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}\left({\tau}^{-},{\mu}^{-},{e}^{-}\right)\overline{\nu} $$

B
¯

→

D

∗

τ
−

μ
−

e
−

ν
¯

decays in the NP scenarios, which could be tested in future experiments. We have repeated this exercise for $$ \overline{B}\to \pi {\ell}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell } $$

B
¯

→
π

ℓ
−

ν
¯

ℓ

decays with the light lepton and extracted |Vub| and the new physics WCs. Finally, using all these available data for the light and heavy leptons, we have given bounds on the couplings of the relevant SM effective field theory (SMEFT) operators and the probable NP scale Λ.
Non-Lorentzian expansions of the Lorentz force and kinematical algebras
Authors: Cerdeira José Luis V. , Gomis Joaquim , Kleinschmidt Axel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider non-Lorentzian expansions, Galilean and Carrollian, of the Lorentz force equation in which both the particle position and the electro-magnetic field are expanded. There are two well-known limits in the case of a constant field, called electric and magnetic, that are studied separately. We show that the resulting equations of motion follow equivalently from considering a non-linear realisation of a certain infinite-dimensional algebras.
The basis invariant flavor puzzle
Authors: Bento Miguel P. , Silva João P. , Trautner Andreas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The flavor puzzle of the Standard Model quark sector is formulated in a non-perturbative way, using basis invariants that are independent of the choice of quark field basis. To achieve this, we first derive the algebraic ring of 10 CP even (primary) and 1 CP odd (secondary) basis invariants, using the Hilbert series and plethystic logarithm. An orthogonal basis in the ring of basis invariants is explicitly constructed, using hermitian projection operators derived via birdtrack diagrams. The thereby constructed invariants have well defined CP transformation behavior and give the most direct access to the flavor symmetric alignments of basis covariants. We firstly “measure” the orthogonal basis invariants from experimental data and characterize their location in the available parameter space. The experimentally observed orthogonal basis invariants take very close to maximal values and are highly correlated. Explaining the location of the invariants at close to maximal points, including the associated miniscule and highly correlated deviations, corresponds to solving the flavor puzzle in the invariant language. Once properly normalized, the orthogonal basis invariants are close to scale (RGE) invariant, hence, provide exquisite targets for fits of both, low- and high-scale (bottom-up and top-down) flavor models. Our result provides an entirely new angle on the flavor puzzle, and opens up ample opportunities for its ultimate exploration.
Mapping Large N Slightly Broken Higher Spin (SBHS) theory correlators to free theory correlators
Authors: Jain Prabhav , Jain Sachin , Sahoo Bibhut , K.S. Dhruva , Zade Aashna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We develop a systematic method to constrain any n-point correlation function of spinning operators in Large N Slightly Broken Higher Spin (SBHS) theories. As an illustration of the methodology, we work out the three point functions which reproduce the previously known results. We then work out the four point functions of spinning operators. We show that the correlation functions of spinning operators in the interacting SBHS theory take a remarkably simple form and that they can be written just in terms of the free fermionic and critical bosonic theory correlators. They also interpolate nicely between the results in these two theories. When expressed in spinor-helicity variables we obtain an anyonic phase which nicely interpolates between the free fermionic and critical bosonic results which makes 3D bosonization manifest. Further, we also obtain a form for five and higher point functions as well by performing a similar analysis.
QCD-collapsed domain walls: QCD phase transition and gravitational wave spectroscopy
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Ting-Kuo , Korwar Mrunal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor a discrete symmetry that is anomalous under QCD, the domain walls produced in the early universe from its spontaneous breaking can naturally annihilate due to QCD instanton effects. The gravitational waves generated from wall annihilation have their amplitude and frequency determined by both the discrete symmetry breaking scale and the QCD scale. The evidence of stochastic gravitational waves at nanohertz observed by pulsar timing array experiments suggests that the discrete-symmetry-breaking scale is around 100 TeV, assuming the domain-wall explanation. The annihilation temperature is about 100 MeV, which could naturally be below the QCD phase transition temperature. We point out that the QCD phase transition within some domains with an effective large QCDθangle could be a first-order one. To derive the phase diagram inθand temperature, we adopt a phenomenological linear sigma model with three quark flavors. The domain-wall explanation for the NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA and CPTA results hints at a first-order QCD phase transition, which predicts additional gravitational waves at higher frequencies. If the initial formation of domain walls is also a first-order process, this class of domain-wall models predicts an interesting gravitational wave spectroscopy with frequencies spanning more than ten orders of magnitude, from nanohertz to 100 Hz.
Repetitio est mater studiorum – Implementierung von HNO-Fällen in fallbasiertes E-Learning
Authors: Engert Jonas , Backhaus Joy , Henig Linda , Spahn Bjoern , Voelker Johannes , Ickrath Pascal , Scherzad Agmal , Rak Kristen , Hagen Rudolf , König Sarah , Hackenberg Stephan , Kaulitz Stefan 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die deutsche universitäre HNO-Heilkunde hat Bedarf an digitalen Lehrinhalten. Fallbasiertes E‑Learning stellt eine digitale Lehrmethodik dar. Die Datenlage zur studentischen Nutzung von fallbasiertem E‑Learning in der Hochschullehre der HNO-Heilkunde ist limitiert.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es festzustellen, in welchem Umfang freiwilliges fallbasiertes E‑Learning von Studierenden der HNO-Heilkunde genutzt wird und welchen Einfluss die Qualität des E‑Learnings auf die Motivation zur E‑Learning-Nutzung und auf das Interesse für die HNO-Heilkunde hat.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden 15 freiwillige E‑Learning-Fälle erstellt, welche auf den Inhalten der HNO-Vorlesung im Wintersemester 2022/2023 basierten. Im Anschluss erfolgte eine deskriptive Auswertung der Nutzungsstatistiken der Fälle von 157 Studierenden. Ebenso wurde eine Evaluation der Qualität des E‑Learnings sowie der Motivation zur Durchführung und des Interesses für die HNO-Heilkunde mittels eines freiwilligen Fragebogens durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Freiwilliges fallbasiertes E‑Learning wurde von 66 % der Studierenden in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß genutzt. Die Qualität des E‑Learnings korrelierte signifikant mit der Motivation zur Durchführung und dem Interesse für die HNO-Heilkunde.

Schlussfolgerung
Lehrinhalte der HNO-Heilkunde lassen sich suffizient in fallbasiertes E‑Learning implementieren und zeichnen sich durch eine zufriedenstellende studentische Akzeptanz aus. Die Eingliederung sollte auf eine qualitativ hochwertige Art und Weise erfolgen, um die Motivation zur Durchführung und das Interesse an der HNO-Heilkunde zur erhöhen.
Microplastic Abundance and Sources in Surface Water Samples of the Vaal River, South Africa
Authors: Saad Dalia , Ramaremisa Gibbon , Ndlovu Michelle , Chauke Patricia , Nikiema Josiane , Chimuka Luke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) have emerged as a global environmental concern due to their persistent nature. In South Africa, microplastic research has primarily focused on marine systems. However, recent years have seen a shift in focus to studying MPs in South African freshwaters. In this study, MPs with a minimum size of 0.055 mm in surface water of the Vaal River, South Africa, were reported. MPs were 100% prevalent, with a mean numerical abundance of 0.68 ± 0.64 particles/m3. Small-sized MPs of < 1 mm accounted for the largest proportion. MPs were chemically identified as high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polypropylene according to their Raman spectra. The prevalence of fragments (41.6%) and fibers (38.5%) over pellets (8.1%) indicates that microplastics are from secondary sources. The prevalence of polyethylene and polypropylene is consistent with microplastics being from secondary sources. These polymers are commonly used in single-use plastics, packing bags, textiles, and containers. These characteristics are of great concern due to their implications on the bioavailability and toxicological impacts of MPs. Consequently, these properties may pose more hazards to aquatic biota inhabiting the Vaal River.
Metabolic effects of nuclear receptor activation in vivo after 28-day oral exposure to three endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Authors: Attema Brecht , Kummu Outi , Pitkänen Sini , Weisell Jonna , Vuorio Taina , Pennanen Erika , Vorimo Maria , Rysä Jaana , Kersten Sander , Levonen Anna-Liisa , Hakkola Jukka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnvironmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can lead to metabolic disruption, resulting in metabolic complications including adiposity, dyslipidemia, hepatic lipid accumulation, and glucose intolerance. Hepatic nuclear receptor activation is one of the mechanisms mediating metabolic effects of EDCs. Here, we investigated the potential to use a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity test for identification of EDCs with metabolic endpoints. Bisphenol A (BPA), pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were used as reference compounds. Male and female wild-type C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg of BPA, 1000, 10 000, and 100 000 µg/kg of PCN and 50 and 300 μg/kg of PFOA for 28 days next to normal chow diet. Primary endpoints were glucose tolerance, hepatic lipid accumulation, and plasma lipids. After 28-day exposure, no changes in body weight and glucose tolerance were observed in BPA-, PCN-, or PFOA-treated males or females. PCN and PFOA at the highest dose in both sexes and BPA at the middle and high dose in males increased relative liver weight. PFOA reduced plasma triglycerides in males and females, and increased hepatic triglyceride content in males. PCN and PFOA induced hepatic expression of typical pregnane X receptor (PXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α target genes, respectively. Exposure to BPA resulted in limited gene expression changes. In conclusion, the observed changes on metabolic health parameters were modest, suggesting that a standard repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity test is not a sensitive method for the detection of the metabolic effect of EDCs.
Stable Singularity Formation for the Keller–Segel System in Three Dimensions
Authors: Glogić Irfan , Schörkhuber Birgit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe consider the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system in dimensions $$d \geqq 3$$

d
≧
3

, which is the mass supercritical case. This system is known to exhibit rich dynamical behavior including singularity formation via self-similar solutions. An explicit example was found more than two decades ago by Brenner et al. (Nonlinearity 12(4):1071–1098, 1999), and is conjectured to be nonlinearly radially stable. We prove this conjecture for $$d=3$$

d
=
3

. Our approach consists of reformulating the problem in similarity variables and studying the Cauchy evolution in intersection Sobolev spaces via semigroup theory methods. To solve the underlying spectral problem, we use a technique we recently established in Glogić and Schörkhuber (Comm Part Differ Equ 45(8):887–912, 2020). To the best of our knowledge, this provides the first result on stable self-similar blowup for the Keller–Segel system. Furthermore, the extension of our result to any higher dimension is straightforward. We point out that our approach is general and robust, and can therefore be applied to a wide class of parabolic models.
Comparison of LC-MS-based methods for the determination of carboxylic acids in animal matrices
Authors: Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi E. , Hündler Manuel , Reiterer Nicole , Ricci Sara , Rivera-Chacon Raul , Castillo-Lopez Ezequias , Zebeli Qendrim , Berthiller Franz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarboxylic acids (CAs) are key players in human and animal metabolism. As they are hardly retained under reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) conditions in their native form, derivatization is an option to make them accessible to RP-LC and simultaneously increase their response for mass spectrometric detection. In this work, two RP-LC tandem mass spectrometry-based methods using aniline or 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH) as derivatization agents were compared with respect to several factors including completeness of derivatization, apparent recoveries (RAs) in both cow feces and ruminal fluid, and concentrations obtained in feces and ruminal fluid of cows. Anion exchange chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (AIC-HR-MS) served as reference method. Derivatization efficiencies were close to 100% for 3-NPH derivatization but variable (20–100%) and different in solvent solutions and matrix extracts for aniline derivatization. Likewise, average RAs of 13C-labeled short-chain fatty acids as internal standards were around 100% for 3-NPH derivatization but only 45% for aniline derivatization. Quantification of CAs in feces and ruminal fluid of cows initially fed a forage-only diet and then transitioned to a 65% high-grain diet which yielded similar concentrations for 3-NPH derivatization and AIC-HR-MS, but concentrations determined by aniline derivatization were on average five times lower. For these reasons, derivatization with aniline is not recommended for the quantitative analysis of CAs in animal samples.
Graphical abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus coding for shedding-resistant MICA enhances immune responses against tumors
Authors: Costa-Garcia M , Rojas JJ , Ramos MD , Barlabé P , Calvo P , Navas J , Alemany R , Moreno R 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapies strive to overcome tumor-induced immune suppression and activate antitumor immune responses. Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a pivotal role in this process, natural killer (NK) cells have also demonstrated remarkable tumor-killing abilities, given their ability to discriminate tumor cells from normal cells and mediate specific antitumoral cytotoxicity. NK cells activation depends on a balance between activation and inhibition signals from several ligands/receptors. Among them, MICA/NKG2D axis is a master regulator of NK activation. MHC class I chain-related polypeptide A (MICA) expression is upregulated by many tumor cell lines and primary tumors and serves as a ligand for the activating NK group 2D (NKG2D) receptor on NK cells and subpopulations of T cells. However, cancer cells can cleave MICA, making it soluble and de-targeting tumor cells from NK cells, leading to tumor immune escape.In this study, we present ICOVIR15KK-MICAMut, an oncolytic adenovirus (OAdv) armed with a transgene encoding a non-cleavable MICA to promote NK-mediated cell-killing capacity and activate the immune response against cancer cells. We first demonstrated the correct MICA overexpression from infected cells. Moreover, our MICA-expressing OAdv promotes higher NK activation and killing capacity than the non-armed virus in vitro. In addition, the armed virus also demonstrated significant antitumor activity in immunodeficient mice in the presence of human PBMCs, indicating the activation of human NK cells. Finally, OAdv-MICA overexpression in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice elicits tumor-specific immune response resulting in a greater tumor growth control.In summary, this study highlights the significance of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy and presents an innovative approach using a modified oncolytic virus to enhance NK cell activation and antitumor immune response. These findings suggest promising potential for future research and clinical applications.
Trends in health care of patients with vasculitides, including giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis and Behçet’s disease: cross-sectional data of the German National Database 2007–2021
Authors: Henes Jörg , Richter Jutta G. , Thiele Katja , Kiltz Uta , Callhoff Johanna , Albrecht Katinka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present the current care situation of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), Takayasu arteritis (TAK), ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and Behçet’s disease (BD). Trends over the last 15 years will reflect improvements and remaining deficits in the management of vasculitides. Consecutive cross-sectional data from patients with vasculitides from the German National Database (NDB) of the Collaborative Arthritis Centres between 2007 and 2021 were included. Medication, physician- and patient-reported outcomes on disease activity and disease burden, inpatient stays and occupational participation are compared for different vasculitis entities and over time. Employment rates were compared to German population rates. Between 502 and 854 vasculitis patients were annually documented. GCA and AAV were the most common vasculitides. Median disease duration ranged from 2 to 16 years. Over the years, glucocorticoids decreased in proportion and dose, most markedly in GCA and TAK, while biologic therapies increased up to 27%. Physicians rated disease activity as low for the vast majority of patients, while patients-reported moderate outcomes in many dimensions. PROs remained largely unchanged. The proportion of employed patients (< 65 years) increased from 47 to 57%. In recent years, biologics are increasingly used in patients with vasculitides, while glucocorticoids decreased significantly. PRO’s have not improved. Work participation increased but remains lower than that in the German population.
Data-driven nonlinear parametric model order reduction framework using deep hierarchical variational autoencoder
Authors: Lee SiHun , Lee Sangmin , Jang Kijoo , Cho Haeseong , Shin SangJoon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA data-driven parametric model order reduction (MOR) method using a deep artificial neural network is proposed. The present network, a least-squares hierarchical variational autoencoder (LSH-VAE), is capable of performing nonlinear MOR for the parametric interpolation of a nonlinear dynamic system with a significant number of degrees of freedom. LSH-VAE differs from existing networks in two major respects: a deep hierarchical structure and a hybrid weighted, probabilistic loss function. The enhancements result in significantly improved accuracy and stability compared with conventional nonlinear MOR methods, autoencoders, and variational autoencoders. In LSH-VAE, the parametric MOR framework is based on the spherically linear interpolation of the latent manifold. The present framework is validated and evaluated on three nonlinear and multiphysics dynamic systems. First, the present framework is evaluated on the fluid–structure interaction benchmark problem to assess its efficiency and accuracy. Then, a highly nonlinear aeroelastic phenomenon, limit cycle oscillation, is analyzed. Finally, the framework is applied to three-dimensional fluid flow to demonstrate its capability to efficiently analyze a significantly large number of degrees of freedom. The superior performance of LSH-VAE is emphasized by comparing its results against those of widely used nonlinear MOR methods, a convolutional autoencoder, and $$\beta $$
β
-VAE. The proposed framework exhibits significantly enhanced accuracy compared with that of conventional methods, while the computational efficiency continues to remain significantly higher.
A new, deep learning–based method for the analysis of autopsy kidney samples used to study sex differences in glomerular density and size in a forensic population
Authors: Vilmont Valérie , Ngatchou Nadine , Lioux Ghislaine , Kalucki Sabrina , Brito Wendy , Burnier Michel , Rotman Samuel , Lardi Christelle , Pruijm Menno 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in forensic anthropology and genetics to identify the victim and the cause of death. The large autopsy samples from persons with traumatic causes of death but without comorbidities also offer possibilities to analyze normal histology with AI. We propose a new deep learning–based method to rapidly count glomerular number and measure glomerular density (GD) and volume in post-mortem kidney samples obtained in a forensic population. We assessed whether this new method detects glomerular differences between men and women without known kidney disease. Autopsies performed between 2009 and 2015 were analyzed if subjects were aged ≥ 18 years and had no known kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension. A large biopsy was taken from each kidney, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and scanned. An in-house developed deep learning–based algorithm counted the glomerular density (GD), number, and size. Out of 1165 forensic autopsies, 86 met all inclusion criteria (54 men). Mean (± SD) age was 43.5 ± 14.6; 786 ± 277 glomeruli were analyzed per individual. There was no significant difference in GD between men and women (2.18 ± 0.49 vs. 2.30 ± 0.57 glomeruli/mm2, p = 0.71); glomerular diameter, area, and volume also did not differ. GD correlated inversely with age, kidney weight, and glomerular area. Glomerular area and volume increased significantly with age. In this study, there were no sex differences in glomerular density or size. Considering the size of the kidney samples, the use of the presented deep learning method can help to analyze large renal autopsy biopsies and opens perspectives for the histological study of other organs.