bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writer and Biographer
Authors: Cannadine David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After a long and distinguished lifetime spent in both politics and literature, Roy Jenkins concluded that writing books was a more difficult and demanding activity than governing the country, and in support of this mildly unexpected proposition, he advanced evidence which must surely have been born of personal experience. It was, he insisted, perfectly feasible to transact a morning’s ministerial business with a mind-numbing and physiologically debilitating hangover. Yet under the same inhibiting circumstances, it was not possible to cover blank pages with coherent sentences, let alone with vivid and sparkling prose.
Education
Authors: Clark James G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The intellectual energy of Walsingham ‘s generation was generated in large part from the pursuit and propagation of education. The monks ‘ foremost concern was to instruct and train their own community, to serve the abbey, staff its dependencies, and administer its diverse resources. There was also an increasing awareness of the importance of educating men capable of serving the needs of the order as a whole, which was made only more acute because of their prominence in the Benedictine chapters. But this educational impulse was not only inward-looking. From the early fourteenth century the convent began to extend its provisions for lay education, supporting schoolboys, choristers, and even apprentices-at-law in their own precincts.
Public Issues
Authors: Clark James G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The intellectual interests of the St Albans monks were shaped not only by their experiences in the cloister and the schools, but also by their engagement with, and in some cases involvement in, the controversies and debates which raged in the world outside. Walsingham ‘s generation witnessed one of the most disturbed and disturbing periods of later medieval history. Against a background of demographic crisis and economic and social upheaval, there arose almost simultaneously a papal schism, a new threat of heresy in the Oxford schools and further afield, and profound political instability caused above all by a protracted foreign war. Like any large institution, St Albans could not escape the effects of these crises, and as a lively community of readers and writers, it was almost inevitable that the monks might be moved to comment upon them.
Philostratus Visualizes the Tragic: Some Ecphrastic and Pictorial Receptions of Greek Tragedy in the Roman Era*
Authors: Elsner Ja´s 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Elder Philostratus plays many games in the course of his series of ecphraseis of paintings purportedly on display in an elegant private gallery in early-third-century ce Naples.1 Among these is a wickedly ironic engagement with pictures illustrating (well-known) Greek tragedies.
Pulling the Other? Longus on Tragedy
Authors: Bowie Ewen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Wve ‘ideal ‘ Greek novels that have been transmitted complete in a continuous manuscript tradition present as their major theme hetero- sexual desire, one sense of the term ‘pulling the other ‘ which my title (unashamedly intertextual) exploits. All five novels also include Attic tragedies of the classical period among the canonical texts that they evoke to achieve their own literary goals: this is most insistent and self-conscious in Heliodorus ‘ Theagenes and Charicleia,1 but the technique is already visible in our earliest novel, Chariton ‘s Chaereas and Callirhoe. This paper explores to what extent and with what possible purpose Attic tragedy is exploited by Longus in his miniature and pastoral novel, Daphnis and Chloe, and argues that a major objective is to stress how different is the presentation of læø&lt; in Daphnis and Chloe and in its novelistic predecessors from that in Attic tragedy. I contribute it in the hope that its focus on generic boundaries, on tragedy, and on the novel will match our honorand ‘s interests.
Undiplomatic Statements: Censoring Spain
Authors: Mclellan Josie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The party, veterans, and the second generation gave such different accounts of the war, it is sometimes hard to imagine they were referring to the same events. It is even harder to imagine how these different interpretations coexisted in a dictatorship with a sophisticated censorship system. Those accounts which made it into the public sphere had to make their way through the labyrinthine censorship system first. What is surprising here is the room for manoeuvre available to canny writers. The authorities were, on occasion, open to negotiation. Once published, a precedent was set, and successive generations were able to stretch the boundaries of what could and could not be said about Spain. Although the SED was in the best possible position to enforce its own version of events, somehow, dissenting groups managed to voice their views. Of course, this often took place in private, in letters, around the kitchen table, or in samizdat circulated amongst a small circle of like—minded friends. This was a pale substitute for a robust public debate. But it does show just how resilient individual memories were—even those which directly contradicted the party line did not disappear altogether.
The Argument to Design
Authors: Mawson T J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suppose that you and I happen to be walking across a heath one day and I pitch my foot on a stone. You ask me how I suppose that the stone happens to be there. I reply that it’s probably been there since this part of the world was formed and—unless you knew quite a bit about geology—you find it rather difficult to know whether or not I’m wrong. We walk on.
Against ‘Absolutely Everything’!
Authors: Hellman Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Does absolutely general quantification, totally unrestricted in domain or by context, even make sense? How could one possibly doubt it? According to Lewis (1991, 68), the skeptical position is undermined in its very voicing (i.e., in saying, ‘You cannot quantify over absolutely everything’, you are implying there is something you can’;t quantify ove).
Causation as Folk Science
Authors: Norton John D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Each of the individual sciences seeks to comprehend the processes of the natural world in some narrow domain—chemistry, the chemical processes, biology; Jiving processes, and so on. It is widely he]d, however, that all the sciences are unified at a deeper level in that natural processes are governed, at least in significant measure, by cause and effect. Their presence is routinely asserted in a law of causation or principle of causality—roughly that every effect is produced through lawfol necessity by a cause—and our accounts of the natural world are expected to conform to it.1
Isolation and Folk Physics
Authors: Elga Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a huge chasm between the sort of lawful determination that figures in fundamental physics, and the sort of causal detennination that figures in the ‘folk physics’ of everyday objects. For example, consider a rock sitting on a desk. In everyday life, we think of the rock as having a fixed stock of dispositions—the disposition to slide on the desk when pushed, to shatter when struck by a sledgehammer, and so on. When a strong interaction comes the rock’s way, the rock’s dispositions detennine how it will respond. More generally, we think of the behavior of an ordinary object as being determined by a small set of conditions.
On Saying No to History of Philosophy
Authors: Sorell Tom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper grew out of a piece of gossip. Years ago, I heard about a sign pinned to an office door in Princeton, New Jersey. The office door was Gilbert Harman’s, and I was told the sign read, ‘Just say no to the history of philosophy’. ‘Just say no to the history of philosophy’—a clear echo of Nancy Reagan’s ‘Just say no to drugs’. When I was told this story, I believed it. I took it that Harman’s sign expressed one prominent analytic philosopher’s deep antagonism to the history of philosophy, and I wondered where that antagonism came from. Many analytic philosophers I knew were uninterested in or bored by the history of philosophy, but not usually hostile, and I wondered why Harman seemed to be more vehement. I doubted that Harman thought the history of philosophy so addictive that he had to warn people against it in the manner of Nancy Reagan, but apparently he did. I e-mailed Harman, saying that I gathered he was critical of the history of philosophy, and asking whether it was true that he had once put that notice on his door.
Introduction
Authors: Kassell Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was hard to summon the devil. On a stage in London in 1616 Fitz-dottrell lamented his inability to conjure the evil one. He had heard that even the most renowned astrologers and physicians, including Simon Forman, had failed ‘to shew a man the Divell in true sort ‘. This was an opening scene of Ben Jonson ‘s The Devil is an Ass, a satire recasting the story of Faust in which the devil visited London and found it so full of evil that there was no work for him to do. Forman died in 1611 and in 1615 he was retrospectively implicated in the great Jacobean scandal: the trials of Frances Howard, countess of Essex, and her lover, Robert Carr, Viscount Rochester, earl of Somerset, for the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury.
Gender, Authority, and Astrology
Authors: Kassell Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘&lt;Never&gt; trust a woman by her wordes I thoughe she doth wepe and cry ‘. This was Forman ‘s advice to the reader of ‘Astrologicalle judgmentes ‘, a manual that explained an art predicated on a series of exchanges, whether written or spoken, between a physician and his patient. Speech was suspect, women ‘s speech doubly so; truth was recorded in the stars. Forman ‘s ideas about femininity and female physiology were typical of Elizabethan London, a world in which sex and marriage were at the centre of gender dynamics played out in the language of chastity and honour and in the settings of the household and the city. Throughout his writings, Forman framed the diseases of women according to notions of their sexual activity and moral accountability.
Icons gained and icons lost
Authors: Burling Robbins 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Students of animal communication use the word “ritualization” for the evolutionary process by which signals, such as a dog’s retracted lip, are built in as stereotyped hereditary traits. Ritualization takes a long time and it leads to a signal that requires little learning. A much faster way for a signal to become established is by conventionalization. This is a social agreement that some action will have a particular meaning. As the differences among human languages show so clearly, human beings are ferocious conventionalizers. More modest conventionalizing can be found in apes.
‘Is Your Best Boy Wearing Khaki?’ Publishing and Propaganda
Authors: Potter Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fine line between so-called ‘light-reading material’ and propaganda discernible in the texts highlighted in Chapter 1, is even more clearly evident in the writing of 1914—18. Writers and publishers adapted quickly to the new atmosphere of a society at war. Influential press barons like Lord Northcliffe realized the commercial possibilities the conflict offered and his newspapers became convenient and powerful vehicles for propaganda. The visual image, too, played its part in influencing literary responses as well as the attitudes and actions of the public. Posters, postcards, book and magazine illustrations, and pageants became as powerful vehicles of propaganda as words on a page. The ideology and iconography that the more obvious forms of propaganda sustained and transmitted find their way into the various literary genres that later chapters will examine.
Capitalist Urbanization and Subaltern Resistance
Authors: Hanssen Jens 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As long as there exists a state power capable of maintaining a semblance of order, direct domination was less important. This changed with the predominance of capital exportation when much greater vested interests are at stake. When railways are built in a foreign country, when land is expropriated, when ports are constructed and mines are founded, the [investment] risk is far greater than buying and selling mere merchandise. Rudolph Hilferding was arguably one of the most influential Marxist theoreticians of the nexus between capitalism and colonialism and was in many ways the ‘missing link’ between Marx and Lenin. According to Hilferding, the sheer volume of financial capital moved around the globe and into the colonies by large investment companies raised the economic stakes of European imperialism. These higher stakes-so his analysis continued-inevitably led to ‘ever more pressing attempts to impose on [colonial] countries legal systems appropriate to capitalism, regardless of whether existing rulers are retained or destroyed’.
The Frege– Schlick View
Authors: Shoemaker Sydney 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What I have called the Frege – Schlick view is the view that the relations of qualitative similarity, identity, and difference are well defined only for the intra subjective case— so, for example, my experience of red is neither qualitatively like yours nor, as the inverted spectrum hypothesis would have it, qualitatively like your experience of some other color. This view is suggested by things Frege says in ‘‘The Thought,’’ and by things Schlick says in ‘‘Positivism and Realism.’’ In the text of my ‘‘The Inverted Spectrum’’ (hereafter my 1981) I mentioned this view as one compatible with the functionalist account of qualitative similarity I offered there, but set it aside as unacceptably at variance with common sense.
Understanding Assertion
Authors: Soames Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his ground breaking 1978 article, ‘‘Assertion,’’ Robert Stalnaker presents an elegant model of discourse designed to solve philosophical problems arising, in part, from his identification of propositions with functions from possible worldstates to truth values, and his restriction of the epistemically possible to the metaphysically possible. Among these problems are those posed by Kripkean examples of the necessary aposteriori. Being necessary, all such examples are seen by Stalnaker as semantically expressing the same trivial, universally known, apriori truth.
Acts of Giving
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acts of Giving examines the issues surrounding donation – the giving of property, usually landed property – in northern ‘Christian’ Spain in the tenth century, when written texts became very plentiful, allowing us to glimpse the working of local society. Wendy Davies explores who gives and who receives; what is given; reasons for giving; and the place of giving within the complex of social and economic relationships in society as a whole. People gave land for all kinds of reasons – because they were forced to do so, to meet debts or pay fines; because they wanted to gain material benefits in life, or to secure support in the short term or in old age. Giving pro anima, for the sake of the soul, was relatively limited; and gifts were made to lay persons as well as to the church. Family interests were strongly sustained across the tenth century and did not dwindle; family land was split and re-assembled, not fragmented. The gender and status of donors are key themes, along with commemoration: more men than women took steps to memorialize, in contrast to some parts of western Europe, and more aristocrats than peasants, which is less of a contrast. Donation as a type of transaction is also examined, as well as the insights into status afforded by the language and form of the records. Buying and selling, giving and receiving continued in the tenth-century as it had for centuries. However this period saw the volume of peasant donation to the church increasing enormously. It was this which set the conditions for substantial social and economic change.
Dividing and Sharing Property
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The widespread occurrence of family churches and family monasteries is only one aspect of the distribution and exercise of property rights within and across families. There is plenty of evidence of shared family interests in all kinds of property in northern Spain at this time; this is demonstrated many times, in all parts, and from beginning to end of the century. For a flavour of this evidence, consider the following cases: four siblings together sold some of the Cea water meadows, on the meseta, to the monastery of Sahagún in 919; five brothers together sold some salt lands in Castile to Abbot Gomessano in 932; much farther to the west, in Galicia, a married couple sold Bishop Rosendo two ninths of their fisheries in the river Miño, one ninth inherited from a grandfather and the other from a grandmother, the text says; a man called Andreas, with his wife Ikilo and his wife’s sister Sarrazena, sold a portion of the hillside which had come to the two women from their late brother; and in 994 two brothers and their two cousins (one male and one female) sold Abbot Falconio (and his mother and sister) some arable inherited from their family.1
Men and Women
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It would be relatively easy to make it appear that women had a special role in making donations to the church in tenth-century Spain. There are some notable examples. Ramiro II’s daughter Elvira made gifts to several churches in memory of her brother Sancho in the 970s; the woman Eldoara gave all the property she had inherited from her mother to the nunnery of Santiago in León, with the request that she be buried there herself; the sisters, and abbesses, Eilo and Goisenda, gave many properties in Galicia (including one villa their aunt had given them) to the monastery of Celanova, with a request for annual services for their own memorial; the widow Entregoto made grants of land near Oviedo in memory of her parents, her husband Lallino, and her ancestors, just as the widow Emilo Hamita gave property in Grajal to the monastery of Sahagún in memory of her husband Sendino; and so on.1
Peasant Society
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was the peasant couple which so often featured as the responsible household unit, and peasant behaviour has often been identified and differentiated in this book. What do we know of peasants and peasant society? What shape did a peasant property have, in contrast to the farms and estates of lesser and greater aristocracy?1 What were its constituent parts? Most of the material suggests that a household’s property would have consisted of a mixture of different plots scattered within a community territory.
Introduction
Authors: Bradley Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bertolt Brecht argued that performance was the true test of any dramatic text. Ever the writer-director, he revised his plays during rehearsals and then evaluated their reception by the audience. He often incorporated the changes into subsequent editions of the published texts, which then functioned as the starting-point for his future productions. This practice enabled Brecht to tailor plays to his target audience and to address the political and social issues of the day. His development as a writer, director, and theorist of theatre can therefore be fully understood only in relation to performance. The importance that Brecht attached to performance reflects the fact that a dramatic text can only ever be provisional. This is because its interpretation is always contingent on the manner of its performance, when the set design, costumes, movement, gesture, and line delivery all interact with the words to produce meaning. Interpretations of a dramatic text also change in response to the performance context, which affects the theatre’s approach and the audience’s reactions. By examining the different ways in which a play has been staged, performance history foregrounds the impact of theatre aesthetics and context on the text’s interpretation.
Die Mutter and German Reunification, 1988– 2003
Authors: Bradley Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 3, we saw how political theatre was being redefined in the early 1970s in both East and West Germany. During the next two decades, the movement away from agitation accelerated as even politically committed dramatists challenged the notion that theatre could communicate a clear message, a challenge that was spearheaded by Heiner Müller. After 1989 this literary and theatrical trend became even stronger, as conservative commentators like Ulrich Greiner and Frank Schirrmacher advocated an end to the politicized aesthetics of the Cold War. Even in the former GDR, socially committed theatres increasingly conveyed their concerns— as distinct from a coherent message— through the fragmented postmodern aesthetic that had become so fashionable in the West. At the Volksbühne in 1997, for instance, Frank Castor interrupted Hauptmann’s De Waber(The Weavers) with quotations from film, advertising, and such diverse artists as Brecht, Busch, Bob Marley, and Quentin Tarantino in order to invoke the themes of Western cultural imperialism, materialism, and the end of the Socialist Utopia.
Variations on a Theme by Yablo
Authors: Field Hartry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Natural assumptions about truth lead, in classical logic, to well-known paradoxes (such as the Liar paradox and the Curry paradox). One response to these paradoxes is (i) to weaken classical logic by restricting the law of excluded middle; and (ii) to adopt an account of the conditional according to which it is not de defined from negation and disjunction in the usual way, so that the biconditionals True( A ) A can be retained in the absence of excluded middle.
Do the Paradoxes Pose a Special Problem for Deflationism?
Authors: Gupta Anil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Liar and other semantic paradoxes pose a diffcult problem for all theories of truth. Any theory that aims to improve our understanding of the concept of truth must, when fully stated, include an account of the paradoxes. Not only deflationism but also its competitors—for instance, correspondence and coherence theories—must ultimately address the paradoxes. The question that concerns me in this chapter is whether it is especially urgent for deflationism to do so. Are the paradoxes a special threat, a special problem, for deflationism? I will argue that they are not.
Policies for Agriculture
Authors: Griffiths Clare V J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Labour Party’s early political and organizational absence from the countryside had long-term consequences for its approach to rural policy. Labour was widely assumed to have neither interest nor expertise in agricultural matters. By contrast, the Conservative Party prided itself on a ‘special understanding’ of agriculture. During the first Labour administration in 1924, the Conservative MP for Yeovil described it as ‘a matter of sincere regret to everyone interested in agriculture’ that so few Labour MPs had links with the rural constituencies or any first-hand knowledge of agriculture, meaning that the party was unable to consider the subject ‘in the way it ought to be considered’.
Art-and-Nature?
Authors: Cooper David E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A common Japanese name for garden, teien, derives from two terms meaning ‘wildness’ and ‘control’—’nature’ and ‘art’, one might almost say (Keane 1996: 14). The name, it seems, encapsulates a persistent and, some might say, obviously correct thought, to the effect that garden appreciation is a combination of art and nature appreciation. This is a thought, moreover, towards which we saw the symmetrical criticisms of the two assimilationist models of the previous chapter apparently tending. If the garden isn’t either art or nature, that’s because it’s both—art-and-nature.