bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echolocation signal structure in the Megachiropteran bat Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffroy 1810
Authors: Holland Richard A. , Waters Dean A. , Rayner Jeremy M. V. 
Published: November 2004

SUMMARY
Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffroy 1810 is a member of the only genus of Megachiropteran bats to use vocal echolocation, but the structure of its brief, click-like signal is poorly described. Although thought to have a simple echolocation system compared to that of Microchiroptera, R. aegyptiacus is capable of good obstacle avoidance using its impulse sonar. The energy content of the signal was at least an order of magnitude smaller than in Microchiropteran bats and dolphins (approximately 4×10–8 J m–2). Measurement of the duration, amplitude and peak frequency demonstrate that the signals of this animal are broadly similar in structure and duration to those of dolphins. Gabor functions were used to model signals and to estimate signal parameters,and the quality of the Gabor function fit to the early part of the signal demonstrates that the echolocation signals of R. aegyptiacus match the minimum spectral spread for their duration and amplitude and are thus well matched to its best hearing sensitivity. However, the low energy content of the signals and short duration should make returning echoes difficult to detect. The performance of R. aegyptiacus in obstacle avoidance experiments using echolocation therefore remains something of a conundrum.
Proteomic Fingerprints for Potential Application to Early Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Kang Xixiong , Xu Yang , Wu Xiaoyi , Liang Yong , Wang Chen , Guo Junhua , Wang Yajie , Chen Maohua , Wu Da , Wang Youchun , Bi Shengli , Qiu Yan , Lu Peng , Cheng Jing , Xiao Bai , Hu Liangping , Gao Xing , Liu Jingzhong , Wang Yiping , Song Yingzhao , Zhang Liqun , Suo Fengshuang , Chen Tongyan , Huang Zeyu , Zhao Yunzhuan , Lu Hong , Pan Chunqin , Tang Hong 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background: Definitive early-stage diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is important despite the number of laboratory tests that have been developed to complement clinical features and epidemiologic data in case definition. Pathologic changes in response to viral infection might be reflected in proteomic patterns in sera of SARS patients.
Methods: We developed a mass spectrometric decision tree classification algorithm using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Serum samples were grouped into acute SARS (n = 74; &lt;7 days after onset of fever) and non-SARS [n = 1067; fever and influenza A (n = 203), pneumonia (n = 176); lung cancer (n = 29); and healthy controls (n = 659)] cohorts. Diluted samples were applied to WCX-2 ProteinChip arrays (Ciphergen), and the bound proteins were assessed on a ProteinChip Reader (Model PBS II). Bioinformatic calculations were performed with Biomarker Wizard software 3.1.1 (Ciphergen).
Results: The discriminatory classifier with a panel of four biomarkers determined in the training set could precisely detect 36 of 37 (sensitivity, 97.3%) acute SARS and 987 of 993 (specificity, 99.4%) non-SARS samples. More importantly, this classifier accurately distinguished acute SARS from fever and influenza with 100% specificity (187 of 187).
Conclusions: This method is suitable for preliminary assessment of SARS and could potentially serve as a useful tool for early diagnosis.
N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as an Indicator of Possible Cardiovascular Disease in Severely Obese Individuals: Comparison with Patients in Different Stages of Heart Failure
Authors: Hermann-Arnhof Katharina-Maria , Hanusch-Enserer Ursula , Kaestenbauer Thomas , Publig Thomas , Dunky Attila , Rosen Harald R , Prager Rudolf , Köller Ursula 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background: Mild stages of heart failure might be difficult to diagnose in severely obese individuals with a body mass index (BMI) &gt;40 kg/m2. Measurement of the N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is feasible for detecting cardiac impairment. The aims of our study were to measure NT-proBNP in plasma of severely obese patients and to compare the results with results for patients in different stages of manifest cardiac dysfunction.
Methods: In 61 severely obese individuals (median BMI, 43.2 kg/m2) and 96 nonobese patients with existing heart failure [classified into New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes I–IV], NT-proBNP was measured in the fasting condition. A medical history, physical examination, electrocardiography, blood chemistry, and chest x-ray were performed in the obese group. In addition, echocardiography was performed in the NYHA group.
Results: In obese individuals, NT-proBNP was increased to a median of 356 (interquartile range, 221–458) pmol/L [854 (530–1099) ng/L] and was comparable (P &gt;0.05) to the median value for NYHA I patients {289 (258–451) pmol/L [694 (619–1082) ng/L]}, but was significantly lower than in the other NYHA groups (P &lt;0.001 for each).
Conclusion: The prognostic relevance of increased NT-proBNP for risk of developing cardiac insufficiency in severely obese patients needs to be further evaluated.
Potential role of the ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) lung scan in the diagnosis of acute chest syndrome in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Kaur Navleen , Motwani Bharat , Sivasubramaniam Devaki , Feldman Lori , Allen Sandra , Ferguson Richard , Shiomoto Gail , Ansell David , Westerman Maxwell , Feldman Lawrence 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe current criteria for diagnosing ACS are chest pain and presence of a new infiltrate on the chest radiograph (CXR). This study was designed to evaluate the role of ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) scan to assist in the early diagnosis of ACS. An abnormal V/Q scan was associated with a diagnosis of ACS that reached a statistical significance (P < 0.038). The sensitivity and specificity were found to be 60% and 100%, respectively. We conclude that V/Q scan may play a role in the early diagnosis of ACS. Am. J. Hematol. 77:407–409, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Type I Gaucher disease with severe skeletal destruction, extraosseous extension, and monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Kaloterakis A. , Cholongitas E. , Pantelis E. , Papadimitriou C. , Durakis Sp. , Filiotou A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExtraosseous extensions of Gaucher‐cell deposits simulate malignant diseases. We describe a 65‐year‐old male with type‐I Gaucher disease, confirmed by low leukocyte glucocerebrosidase activity, high plasma chitotriosidase, and N370/L444P gene‐mutations, who had severe skeletal involvement, IgG‐κ monoclonal gammopathy, and a soft‐tissue mass within the left iliac muscle. Bone marrow biopsy showed heavy infiltration by Gaucher cells, and histopathology of the excised extraosseous mass revealed infiltration by Gaucher cells. Thus, malignant diseases were excluded and the diagnosis of an extraosseous Gaucher‐cell extension was well documented. Our case is reported because it is very interesting and unique in the literature. Am. J. Hematol. 77:377–380, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) and lymphoid malignancies in Dominica: A seroprevalence study
Authors: Adedayo Olayinka A. , Shehu Sani M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHuman T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is endemic in certain regions of the world where it is associated with lymphoid malignancies. Herein we aim to describe the seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 in lymphoid malignancies in Dominica. We carried out a 10‐year retrospective study of histologically proven hematologic malignancies and HTLV‐1 seropositivity at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Dominica. Ninety‐eight cases were reviewed (59% males, 41% females), ranging in age from 3 to 91 years. HTLV‐1 was seropositive in 38.6% (31/80) of all hematologic malignancies. Three of 6 cases of Hodgkin disease (50%), 16 of 36 (44.4%) of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and 3 out of 8 unclassified lymphomas (37.5%) were seropositive; all 6 cases (100%) of acute adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) were seropositive. One case each of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and myeloproliferative disorder was seropositive. HTLV‐1‐seropositive lymphomas presented at a younger age than did seronegative cases. Thus, HTLV‐1 is significantly associated with lymphoid malignancies in Dominica, and further studies are needed before a causal relationship with Hodgkin disease can be established. Am. J. Hematol. 77:336–339, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reducing attenuation in exposure‐response relationships by exposure modeling and grouping: The relationship between wood dust exposure and lung function
Authors: Teschke Kay , Spierings Judith , Marion Stephen A. , Demers Paul A. , Davies Hugh W. , Kennedy Susan M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundIn a study of wood dust exposure and lung function, we tested the effect on the exposure–response relationship of six different exposure metrics using the mean measured exposure of each subject versus the mean exposure based on various methods of grouping subjects, including job‐based groups and groups based on an empirical model of the determinants of exposure.MethodsMultiple linear regression was used to examine the association between wood dust concentration and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), adjusting for age, sex, height, race, pediatric asthma, and smoking.ResultsStronger point estimates of the exposure–response relationships were observed when exposures were based on increasing levels of aggregation, allowing the relationships to be found statistically significant in four of the six metrics. The strongest point estimates were found when exposures were based on the determinants of exposure model.ConclusionsDeterminants of exposure modeling offers the potential for improvement in risk estimation equivalent to or beyond that from job‐based exposure grouping. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:663–667, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC‐2.5. II. Membership probabilities in 520 Galactic open cluster sky areas
Authors: Kharchenko N. V. , Piskunov A. E. , Röser S. , Schilbach E. , Scholz R.‐D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present a catalogue (CSOCA) of stars residing in 520 Galactic open cluster sky areas which is the result of the kinematic (proper motion) and photometric member selection of stars listed in the homogeneous All‐sky Compiled Catalogue of 2.5Million Stars (ASCC‐2.5).We describe the structure and contents of the catalogue, the selection procedure applied, and the proper motion and photometric membership constraints adopted. In every cluster area the CSOCA contains the complete list of the ASCC‐2.5 stars regardless of their membership probability. For every star the CSOCA includes accurate J2000 equatorial coordinates, proper motions in the Hipparcos system, BV photometric data in the Johnson system, proper motion and photometric membership probabilities, as well as angular distances from the cluster centers for about 166 000 ASCC‐2.5 stars. If available, trigonometric parallaxes, spectral types, multiplicity and variability flags from the ASCC‐2.5, and radial velocities with their errors from the Catalogue of Radial Velocities of Galactic Stars with high precision Astrometric Data (CRVAD) are also given. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic modules and networks for behavior: lessons from Drosophila
Authors: Anholt Robert R.H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBehaviors are quantitative traits determined through actions of multiple genes and subject to genome–environment interactions. Early studies concentrated on analyzing the effects of single genes on behaviors, often generating views of simplified linear genetic pathways. The genome era has generated a profound paradigm shift enabling us to identify all the genes that contribute to expression of a behavioral phenotype, to investigate how they are organized as functional ensembles and to begin to identify polymorphisms that contribute to phenotypic variation and are targets for natural selection. Recent studies show that the genetic architecture of behavior is determined by dynamic and plastic modular networks of pleiotropic genes and that the behavioral phenotype manifests itself as an emergent property of such networks. Such networks are exquisitely sensitive to genetic background and sex effects. This review describes how Drosophila can serve as a model for uncovering fundamental principles of the genetic architecture of behavior. BioEssays 26:1299–1306, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An extracellular driving force of cell‐shape changes
Authors: Schmidt Otto , Theopold Ulrich 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe cellular capacity to internalise objects, involving attachment, engulfment and uptake, exists in virtually all organisms. Many uptake reactions are associated with cell signalling. However, the mechanical forces that form endocytotic vesicles are not known. We propose a ‘leverage‐mediated’ uptake mechanism involving lateral cross‐linking processes on the cell surface that can generate the configurational energy to create an inverse curvature of the membrane. BioEssays 26:1344–1350, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hold the germ cells, I'm on duty
Authors: Extavour Cassandra G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGerm cell segregation and gamete production are developmental problems that all sexually reproducing species must solve in order to survive. Many people are familiar with the complex social structures of some insect species, where specialised castes of adult insects perform specific tasks, one of which is usually to guard the sexually reproductive queen. The parasitic wasp Copidosoma floridanum adds another level of complexity to the caste system: a fertilised egg produces both sterile, short‐lived “soldier” larvae and “reproductive” larvae that complete metamorphosis to produce sexually reproductive adults. How two morphologically and functionally distinct larval castes are produced by genetically identical groups of cells developing under the same environmental conditions is a baffling problem. A recent paper suggests that differential germ cell segregation during embryogenesis may be an event both necessary and sufficient for caste determination.1 BioEssays 26:1263–1267, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Versatile, Efficient, and Stereoselective Self‐Assembly of Transition‐Metal Helicates by Using Hydrogen‐Bonds
Authors: Telfer Shane G. , Kuroda Reiko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA diverse range of dinuclear double‐stranded helicates in which the ligand strand is built up by using hydrogen‐bonding has been synthesized. The helicates, formulated as [Co2(L)2(L‐H)2X2], readily self‐assemble from a mixture of a suitable pyridine–alcohol compound (L; for example, 6‐methylpyridine‐2‐methanol, 1), and a CoX2 salt in the presence of base. Nine such helicates have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. For helicates derived from the same pyridine–alcohol precursor, a remarkable regularity was found for both the molecular structure and the crystal packing arrangements, regardless of the nature of the ancillary ligand (X). A notable exception was observed in the solid‐state structure of [Co2(1)2(1‐H)2(NCS)2] for which intermolecular nonbonded contacts between the sulfur atoms (S⋅⋅⋅S=3.21 Å) lead to the formation of 1D chains. Helicates derived from (R)‐6‐methylpyridine‐2‐methanol (2) are soluble in solvents such as CH3CN and CH2Cl2, and their self‐assembly could be monitored in solution by 1H NMR, UV/Vis, and CD titrations. No intermediate complexes were observed to form in a significant concentration at any point throughout these titrations. The global thermodynamic stability constant of [Co2(2)2(2‐H)2(NO3)2] was calculated from spectrophotometric data to be logβ=8.9(8). The stereoisomerism of these helicates was studied in some detail and the self‐assembly process was found to be highly stereoselective. The chirality of the ligand precursors can control the absolute configuration of the metal centers and thus the overall helicity of the dinuclear assemblies. Furthermore, the enantiomers of rac‐6‐methylpyridine‐2‐methanol (3) undergo a self‐recognition process to form exclusively homochiral helicates in which the four pyridine–alcohol units possess the same chirality.
New Chiral Auxiliaries for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: From Theory to Experiment
Authors: Santos A. Gil , Pereira Jorge , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Frenking Gernot 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNew efficient chiral auxiliaries for dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of bromides into amines are proposed, based on a theoretical rationalisation of known literature results. One example was synthesized and tested, affording diastereoselectivities up to 100 %. Several results of DKR reactions are known, based on oxazolidinone or imidazolidinone units as chiral auxiliaries. Nevertheless, their behaviour was not fully understood until a recent paper that we published. We now used our proposed mechanism to rationalize the behaviour of other similar chiral auxiliaries and to propose small structure changes in imidazolidinone rings which could largely improve their performance. We could show that the good performance of these molecules as chiral auxiliaries for DKR reactions where bromine is the leaving group and a primary or secondary amine is the nucleophile is due, in a first step, to the formation of a hydrogen bond between the amine and the ring carbonyl oxygen and, in a second step, to the strong electrostatic interaction between the leaving bromide and the carbonyl oxygen in the C‐3 substituent. Considering the behaviour of this substituent which rotates to minimize the electrostatic repulsion with the bromide when reaching the transition state, we proposed the introduction of a second substituent in the C‐4 position of the imidazolidinone ring, which prevents such rotation, thus increasing the energy difference between the transition states of the two distereoisomers. With such an auxiliary we were able to increase the best de known in literature (88 %), when benzylamine is used as nucleophile, to 99, or even 100 %, when iodide replaces the bromide in the substrate.
A Practical Synthesis of Optically Active Aromatic Epoxides via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Chlorinated Ketones with Chiral Rhodium‐Diamine Catalyst.
Authors: Hamada Takayuki , Torii Takayoshi , Izawa Kunisuke , Ikariya Takao 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5‐Methylindole‐4,7‐quinone Through a New Construction of the Functionalized Indole Ring Based on the Allene‐Mediated Electrocyclic Reaction Involving the Pyrrole[b]‐Bond.
Authors: Hirayama Maho , Choshi Tominari , Kumemura Teppei , Tohyama Shigeo , Nobuhiro Junko , Hibino Satoshi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Synthesis of Cyclic Urea Compounds: A Pharmacological Study for Retinoidal Activity.
Authors: Kurihara Masaaki , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur , Kansui Hisao , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Okuda Haruhiro , Miyata Naoki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Some 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives Containing Phenoxyfluorophenyl Group.
Authors: Mohan T. P. , Vishalakshi B. , Bhat K. S. , Rao K. S. , Kendappa G. N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reversal of Diastereoselection in the Addition of Grignard Reagents to Chiral 2‐Pyridyl tert‐Butyl (Ellman) Sulfinimines.
Authors: Kuduk Scott D. , DiPardo Robert M. , Chang Ronald K. , Ng Christina , Bock Mark G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of (1,3‐Benzothiazol‐2‐yl) Amino‐9‐(10H)‐acridinone Derivatives.
Authors: Delmas Florence , Avellaneda Antonio , Di Giorgio Carole , Robin Maxime , De Clercq Erik , Timon‐David Pierre , Galy Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
5,7‐Diamino‐3,5,7,9‐tetradeoxy‐non‐2‐ulosonic Acids in Bacterial Glycopolymers: Chemistry and Biochemistry
Authors: Knirel Yuriy A. , Shashkov Alexander S. , Tsvetkov Yury E. , Jansson Per‐Erik , Zaehringer Ulrich 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3D‐Coordination Cluster Polymers [Ln(H2O)3Re6Te8(CN)6]·nH2O (Ln = La3+, Nd3+): Direct Structural Analogy with the Mononuclear LnM(CN)6·nH2O Family
Authors: Artemkina Sofia B. , Naumov Nikolai G. , Virovets Alexander V. , Fedorov Vladimir E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing the hydrothermal method two novel 3D‐coordination complexes [Ln(H2O)3Re6Te8(CN)6]·nH2O (Ln = La3+, Nd3+) have been synthesised and structurally characterised. For compound [La(H2O)3Re6Te8(CN)6]·4H2O (1) the unit cell parameters are: Space group P63/m, a = 9.3060(13), c = 20.528(4) Å, V = 1539.6(4) Å3, Rf = 0.0597. For compound [Nd(H2O)3Re6Te8(CN)6]·H2O (2) the unit cell parameters are: Space group P63/m, a = 9.3030(10), c = 20.222(4) Å, V = 1515.7(4) Å3, Rf = 0.0226. The structures of the cluster compounds are topologically analogous to the mononuclear polymeric complex LaCr(CN)6·5H2O. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Reaction of (Bipyridyl)palladium(II) Complexes with Thiourea − Influence of DNA and Other Polyanions on the Rate of Reaction
Authors: Cusumano Matteo , Di Pietro Maria Letizia , Giannetto Antonino , Vainiglia Pasquale Antonio 
Published: November 2004

Abstract[Pd(bipy)(py)2](PF6)2 reacts stepwise with excess thiourea to give [Pd(tu)4](PF6)2. The kinetics of the second step, which refers to the replacement of bipyridyl in [Pd(bipy)(tu)2](PF6)2, have been studied in water and in the presence of calf thymus DNA, sodium polyriboadenylate, sodium polyvinylsulfonate or sodium polymetaphosphate at 25 °C and pH = 7 and a fixed sodium chloride concentration. The reaction follows a first order course and a plot of kobs against [thiourea]2 affords a straight line with a small intercept. DNA inhibits the process without altering the rate law. The kobs values decrease systematically on increasing the DNA concentration eventually tending to a limiting value. The values are larger at higher ionic strengths and the other polyanions show similar behaviour. The influence of DNA on the kinetics can be related to steric inhibition caused by noncovalent binding with the complex. Upon interaction with DNA, [Pd(bipy)(tu)2]2+ gives rise to immediate spectroscopic changes in the UV/Vis region as well as induced circular dichroism suggesting that the complex, like similar platinum(II) and palladium(II) species of bipyridyl, intercalates with the double helix. Such a type of interaction hampers the attack of the nucleophile at the metal centre inhibiting the reaction. The decrease in the rate of ligand substitution upon decreasing salt concentration but at a given DNA concentration is due to the influence of ionic strength on the complex−DNA interaction. The reactivity inhibition by single‐stranded poly(A), polyvinylsulfonate or polymetaphosphate can be accounted for in terms of self‐aggregation of the complex induced by the polyanion. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)