bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational Study on Thin Films of Symmetric AnB2nAn Triblock Copolymer
Authors: Nie Zhihong , Su Zhaohui , Sun Zhaoyan , Shi Tongfei , An Lijia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: The behavior of symmetric AnB2nAn triblock copolymer films confined between two hard neutral walls was explored by Monte Carlo simulation. The thicknesses of the films were between ≈1Rg0 and ≈7Rg0, where Rg0 is the unperturbed radius of gyration in the bulk. The confinement leads to a lamellar structure normal to the wall and the order‐disorder transition (ODT) temperature was found to be a function of film thickness. When the film thickness (D) was less than a critical value, DC, which is between 3Rg0 and 4Rg0, the ODT temperature (T*ODT) reduced by chain length N (T*ODT/N) decreased with decreasing film thickness. However, T*ODT/N was nearly independent of the film thickness when it was greater than DC. In the case of strong confinement (D < DC), the B block shrinks along the direction perpendicular to the wall and stretches along the direction parallel to the wall with decreasing film thickness, and the volume occupied by the B block shrinks. Under weak confinement conditions (D > DC), the volume of the B block is nearly independent of film thickness. The conformations of the B block in the disordered state are quite different from those in the lamellae. If the film is thick enough, the volume of the B block approaches its value in the unperturbed state, regardless of the morphology. When temperature decreases, the B block stretches in the direction perpendicular to the A/B interface and shrinks in the other two directions. In addition, decreasing the temperature leads to the chains adopting two main extreme conformations, coiling or stretching as much as they can. The scaling behavior of the fraction of bridge chains vs. the temperature obtained in the weak segregation limit was different from that predicted in the strong segregation limit.Schematic diagram of the X, Y and Z axis definition.magnified imageSchematic diagram of the X, Y and Z axis definition.
Movement disorders associated with encephalitis lethargica: A video compilation
Authors: Vilensky Joel A. , Goetz Christopher G. , Gilman Sid 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEncephalitis lethargica (EL; epidemic encephalitis; von Economo's disease) often presented with a movement disorder, and the motor consequences of postencephalitic parkinsonism (PEP) were characteristic of the chronic sequelae of this condition. PEP was similar to Parkinson's disease but was more variable and had some distinct features such as oculogyric crises. Although two previous publications have included video images of the movement disorders associated with EL and PEP, the sequences presented were typically short, showed only a few patients, and did not include the work of several neurologists who had the foresight to preserve filmed images of their patients. We describe the most complete record of EL and PEP moving images that have been preserved and make them available in edited form. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
New experimental setup for studying strictly noninvasively skeletal muscle function in rat using 1H‐magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and 31P‐MR spectroscopy
Authors: Giannesini Benoit , Izquierdo Marguerite , Le Fur Yann , Cozzone Patrick J. , Fingerle Jürgen , Himber Jacques , Künnecke Basil , Von Kienlin Markus , Bendahan David 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTraditional setups for in situ MR investigation of skeletal muscle function in animals use invasive systems for muscle stimulation and force measurement. These systems require surgical preparation and therefore exclude repetitive investigations on the same animal. This article describes a new experimental setup allowing strictly noninvasive MR investigations of muscle function in contracting rat gastrocnemius muscle using 1H‐MR imaging and 31P‐MR spectroscopy. The novelty of this setup is the integration of two noninvasive systems allowing muscle contraction by transcutaneous stimulation and force measurement with a dedicated ergometer. Muscle function was investigated in 20 rats (275–300 g) through a fatiguing stimulation protocol, either with this noninvasive setup (n = 10) or with a traditional MR setup (n = 10). T2‐weighted images demonstrated that transcutaneous stimulation activated mainly the gastrocnemius muscle. Moreover, the changes in force development and in energy metabolism obtained with the noninvasive setup were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those obtained with the traditional setup. This noninvasive setup is thus suitable for investigating skeletal muscle function in situ. It offers the possibility to repeat investigations in the same animal, avoiding individual variability and enabling longitudinal follow‐up studies. This opens up new perspectives in various research areas including pharmaceutical research. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
k‐t GRAPPA: A k‐space implementation for dynamic MRI with high reduction factor
Authors: Huang Feng , Akao James , Vijayakumar Sathya , Duensing George R. , Limkeman Mark 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA novel technique called “k‐t GRAPPA” is introduced for the acceleration of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Dynamic magnetic resonance images have significant signal correlations in k‐space and time dimension. Hence, it is feasible to acquire only a reduced amount of data and recover the missing portion afterward. Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA), as an important parallel imaging technique, linearly interpolates the missing data in k‐space. In this work, it is shown that the idea of GRAPPA can also be applied in k‐t space to take advantage of the correlations and interpolate the missing data in k‐t space. For this method, no training data, filters, additional parameters, or sensitivity maps are necessary, and it is applicable for either single or multiple receiver coils. The signal correlation is locally derived from the acquired data. In this work, the k‐t GRAPPA technique is compared with our implementation of GRAPPA, TGRAPPA, and sliding window reconstructions, as described in Methods. The experimental results manifest that k‐t GRAPPA generates high spatial resolution reconstruction without significant loss of temporal resolution when the reduction factor is as high as 4. When the reduction factor becomes higher, there might be a noticeable loss of temporal resolution since k‐t GRAPPA uses temporal interpolation. Images reconstructed using k‐t GRAPPA have less residue/folding artifacts than those reconstructed by sliding window, much less noise than those reconstructed by GRAPPA, and wider temporal bandwidth than those reconstructed by GRAPPA with residual k‐space. k‐t GRAPPA is applicable to a wide range of dynamic imaging applications and is not limited to imaging parts with quasi‐periodic motion. Since only local information is used for reconstruction, k‐t GRAPPA is also preferred for applications requiring real time reconstruction, such as monitoring interventional MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment results of 84 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood
Authors: Küpeli Serhan , Varan Ali , Özyar Enis , Atahan İ. Lale , Yalçin Bilgehan , Kutluk Tezer , Akyüz Canan , Büyükpamukçu Münevver 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, survival, and late complications in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.ProcedureEighty‐four patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma between 1972 and 2002 were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor status, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and stage were assessed according to the TNM classification. All patients were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic regimens involved cyclophosphamide from 1972 to 1982, vincristine + cyclophosphamide + epirubicine and actinomycin‐D protocol from 1982 to 1999 and cisplatin + methotrexate + 5‐fluorouracil with leucovorine rescue after 1999. Mean and median values were used for the demographic characteristics. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used for survival analysis. The patient groups were compared in terms of survival duration using a log‐rank test.ResultsThere were 51 males and 33 females with a median age of 13 years (7–17) at diagnosis. At the time of diagnosis, 78.5% of the patients were at advanced stage (stages III and IV). Overall and event‐free survival rates were 56.3% and 50.1%, respectively. Survival was inversely affected by advanced nodal status (P = 0.01). The survival rates (80%) were found higher with cisplatin + methotrexate + 5‐fluorouracil + leucovorine rescue regimen. The most frequent late complications after therapy were hypothyroidism (9.5%), dental caries (7.1%), and trismus (7.1%).ConclusionThe cisplatin‐based regimen was the best chemotherapeutic regimen. Less toxic regimens with better survival rates should be investigated in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006, 46:454–458. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
APE chemotherapy for children with relapsed Hodgkin disease: A Pediatric Oncology Group trial
Authors: Wimmer Robert S. , Chauvenet Allen R. , London Wendy B. , Villaluna Doojduen , de Alarcon Pedro A. , Schwartz Cindy L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundMOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) and ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) are effective therapies for Hodgkin disease (HD) that may cause long‐term toxicities in children. APE (cytosine arabinoside, cisplatin, etoposide) is a non‐cross‐resistant regimen with limited toxicities. We evaluated this regimen for patients with recurrent or refractory disease.MethodsPatients with recurrent Hodgkin disease who were ≤21 years of age and had previously received standard alkylating agent and doxorubicin‐based therapy, were treated with APE chemotherapy (cytosine arabinoside 750 mg/m2, cisplatin 15 mg/m2, etoposide 20 mg/m2) every 12 hr, administered three or four times per cycle. Response, Event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed.ResultsThirty‐one patients in first (n = 25) or second (n = 6) relapse of Hodgkin disease were eligible and evaluable. APE chemotherapy was well‐tolerated, with the major toxicity consisting of short duration, grade 3/4 hematopoietic toxicity. The CR/PR response rate was 68% (42% CR, 26% PR). Allowing subsequent stem cell transplantation in some patients, 4‐year EFS and OS were 27% ± 8% and 49% ± 9%, with 8‐year EFS and OS of 23% ± 9% and 34% ± 10%.DiscussionAPE is an efficacious regimen with minimal toxicity. Novel regimens are necessary to: (1) re‐induce remission, (2) treat newly diagnosed patients, and (3) augment therapy in patients with slow response to standard regimens. This regimen had minimal toxicity and an excellent response rate that facilitated long term survival, often in conjunction with transplantation. The Children's Oncology Group is using a similar regimen to augment therapy for slow responders on a current Hodgkin disease trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epstein‐Barr virus related opsoclonus‐myoclonus‐ataxia does not rule out the presence of occult neuroblastic tumors
Authors: Cardesa‐Salzmann Teresa M. , Mora Jaume , García Cazorla M. Angels , Cruz Ofelia , Muñoz Carmen , Campistol Jaume 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOpsoclonus‐myoclonus‐ataxia (OMA) secondary to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection has only been described in three pediatric patients. Previous reports suggested that evidence for a recent EBV infection in the absence of an occult neoplasm would predict a favorable prognosis for OMA as well as no tumor development. We present the case of a 20‐month‐old child with OMA associated with a microbiologically documented acute EBV infection and an occult thoracic ganglioneuroblastoma diagnosed 5 months later. Pediatr Blood Cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina
Authors: Terenziani Monica , Spreafico Filippo , Collini Paola , Meazza Cristina , Massimino Maura , Piva Luigi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMalignant germ cell tumors of the vagina represent a critical site for local treatment. We report on our experience with two vaginal endodermal sinus tumors. Treatment with PEB regimen induced both tumor regression and α fetoprotein normalization. One patient had a residual lesion that was biopsed twice and no viable tumor cells were ever found. Both patients remained alive and disease‐free, without having had surgical procedures except for biopsies. Platinum‐based chemotherapy is able to achieve complete remissions and should be considered for vaginal endodermal sinus tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:577–578. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polar body biopsy and aneuploidy testing by simultaneous detection of six chromosomes
Authors: Montag Markus , Limbach Nina , Sabarstinski Mareike , van der Ven Katrin , Dorn Christoph , van der Ven Hans 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo simultaneously detect six chromosomes in a single round of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) during polar body diagnosis and aneuploidy testing in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.MethodsA commercially available five‐color FISH probe was modified by an additional chromosome probe. This kit was first tested on lymphocyte spreads and then used for polar body diagnosis (PBD) in patients with advanced maternal age and repeated implantation failure. The outcome of IVF treatment was compared with a control group.ResultsAll six chromosomes could be simultaneously detected and easily distinguished by FISH analysis. PBD and aneuploidy testing were performed in 75 treatment cycles and compared with 126 controls. The biochemical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the PBD group (37.1% vs 22.9%, p < 0.05) and a trend was observed for higher clinical pregnancy and implantation rates (24.22% and 14.4% vs 18.62% and 10.8%, respectively) and lower abortion rates (20% vs 31.8%) following PBD.ConclusionsThe simultaneous detection of six chromosomes in a single FISH round is possible and can be applied to PBD. This approach may present another step towards increasing the number of chromosomes for aneuploidy testing. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photo‐oxidative dealkylation of α‐alkylbenzyl methyl ethers induced by titanium dioxide in acetonitrile
Authors: Bettoni Marta , Giacco Tiziana Del , Rol Cesare , Sebastiani Giovanni V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTiO2‐sensitised photo‐oxidation of α‐alkylbenzyl methyl ethers in deaerated CH3CN gives the expected corresponding ketone, whereas in an aerated medium a dealkylation compound (methyl benzoate) is obtained as the principal product, with respect to the ketone, or the exclusive product (when the alkyl group is tert‐butyl). The product analysis and distribution, together with a qualitative estimate of the relative reactivity, suggest that the mechanism in deaerated CH3CN is the same as that previously hypothesized for non‐α‐alkylated benzyl ethers; in particular, the carbonyl compound should be formed through oxidation of the benzylic radical (obtained by deprotonation of the cation radical) to the corresponding cation. To justify the formation of methyl benzoate in an aerated medium, a reasonable hypothesis is that the α‐alkyl‐α‐methoxybenzylperoxy radical (obtained from the competitive attack of oxygen on the benzylic radical) undergoes a dealkylation process; in particular, this intermediate, as a tertiary peroxy radical, could form a dimer that evolves into the corresponding oxy radical, giving the ester through a β‐scission process. The general mechanism suggested in aerated medium was confirmed by evaluating the relationship between the ester/carbonyl (E/C) molar ratio and the adiabatic ionization potential of the benzylic radical intermediate. To evaluate the influence of medium heterogeneity, the E/C ratio data were compared with those obtained from an electron‐transfer photosensitised [by 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene (DCA)] oxidation in a homogeneous phase. A significant confirmation of the mechanism, in both deaerated and aerated media, was obtained by the reaction performed from 4‐methoxy‐α‐ethylbenzyl methyl ether (as a model) in the presence of H218O, sensitised by either TiO2 or DCA. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis‐dendritic polyethylene prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization in the presence of bis‐dendritic chain transfer agents
Authors: Sill Kevin , Emrick Todd 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of ABA triblock copolymers is described, in which the A blocks are poly(benzyl ether) dendrons and the B block is polycyclooctene or polyethylene. Bis‐dendritic cis‐olefins were synthesized and used as chain transfer agents in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene in a process that inserts the dendrons at the polymer chain‐ends. Evaluation of the polymer products by spectroscopic, chromatographic, and titration methods supports their triblock structure. Hydrogenation of the unsaturated polycyclooctene B‐block of these ABA triblock copolymers provides the first reported synthesis of bisdendritic polyethylene. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5429–5439, 2005
Synthesis of dye‐labeled poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐ethylene) (EVA) latex and polymer diffusion in their latex films
Authors: Wu Jun , Tomba J. Pablo , Oh Jung Kwon , Winnik Mitchell A. , Farwaha Rajeev , Rademacher Jude 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of dye‐labeled poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐ethylene) (EVA) latexes with the purpose of understanding the polymer diffusion behavior in their latex films. Polymer diffusion was followed with experiments based upon fluorescence resonance energy transfer (ET). Both the batch and semibatch emulsion polymerizations of vinyl acetate−ethylene (VAc−E) were examined. The ethylene content of these EVA samples was designed at ˜20 wt % (50 mol %). Under batch emulsion polymerization conditions, the reaction is characterized by a rapid monomer conversion and an increment of E content with reaction time. VAc−E batch emulsion polymerization in the presence of the donor dye 9‐phenanthryl methyl methacrylate produced EVA with non‐random dye distribution, which makes these samples unsuitable for ET experiments. The semibatch emulsion polymerization of VAc−E was carried out under VAc–starved feeding conditions. The resulting EVA was characterized by constant chemical composition throughout the feed. In addition, our data suggest the presence of two components, distinct in molar mass and degree of branching, in these EVA samples. More importantly, these VAc−E polymerizations in the presence of dyes [9‐phenanthryl methyl acrylate as the donor and 2′‐acryloxy‐4′‐methyl‐4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐benzophenone as the acceptor] produced EVA with random dye incorporation, making these samples effective for ET experiments. Unlike the typical polymer diffusion behavior in latex films, characterized by small extents of polymer diffusion in newly dried latex followed by an increase of the extent of diffusion upon annealing, our ET experiments showed that polymer diffusion in these EVA latex films was complete by the time the films were dry. We attribute this striking difference to the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of the EVA and to its low effective monomeric friction coefficient at the drying temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5581‐5596, 2005
Is there a cost to poor communication in cancer care?: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Thorne Sally E. , Bultz Barry D. , Baile Walter F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the authors engage in a critical analysis of the existing empirical literature which addresses the impact of ineffective communication between cancer patients and clinicians. It is increasingly accepted that communication plays a significant role in many aspects of the care experience, and that poor communication can have a significantly negative influence on the patient's psychosocial experience, symptom management, treatment decisions, and quality of life. However, scant attention has been given to the idea that poor communication may also have an economic impact worthy of attention. This area has not been the focus of systematic inquiry or substantive critical consideration. On the basis of critical analysis of the limited empirical evidence that exists across a wide range of studies in related areas, the authors propose that the existential and material costs associated with poor communication in cancer care may well be considerable, and conclude with a call to mobilize a heightened enthusiasm for addressing the research challenges in this field. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Processes and Film Growth of Expanding Thermal Plasma Deposited Textured Zinc Oxide
Authors: Groenen Roland , Linden Hans , van de Sanden Richard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Plasma processes and film growth of textured zinc oxide deposited from oxygen and diethyl zinc utilizing expanding thermal argon plasma created by a cascaded arc is discussed. In all conditions explored, an excess of argon ions and low temperature electrons is available, which represent the chemistry taking place. The plasma induced decomposition mechanism involves charge exchange with argon ions, and consecutive dissociative recombination with electrons emanating from the cascaded arc plasma source. The presence of reactive atomic species, specifically Zn* and O*, is confirmed with the help of optical emission spectroscopic measurements. The absence of residual carbon in the films suggests a mechanism involving the dissociation of the ZnC bonds in the plasma instead of at the surface. Film growth appears to proceed by the adsorption of particular zinc species, followed by subsequent reaction with oxygen, with the deposition rate being directly proportional to the arrival rate of the particular reactive species. It is suggested that atomic zinc adsorbs on the surface in a weakly bounded highly mobile state. Best intrinsic transparent conducting oxide quality, that is film conductivity, is obtained at the highest deposition rate.Expanding thermal plasma surface textured zinc oxide film growth.magnified imageExpanding thermal plasma surface textured zinc oxide film growth.