bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational modelling of 1D blood flow with variable mechanical properties and its application to the simulation of wave propagation in the human arterial system
Authors: Sherwin S. J. , Formaggia L. , Peiró J. , Franke V. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn this paper we numerically investigate a one‐dimensional model of blood flow in human arteries using both a discontinuous Galerkin and a Taylor–Galerkin formulation. The derivation of the model and the numerical schemes are detailed and applied to two model numerical experiments. We first study the effect of an intervention, such the implantation of a vascular prosthesis (e.g. a stent), which leads to an abrupt variation of the mechanical characteristics of an artery. We then discuss the simulation of the propagation of pressure and velocity waveforms in the human arterial tree using a simplified model consisting of the 55 main arteries. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient fixed point‐based unstructured mesh adaptation
Authors: Alauzet F. , George P. L. , Mohammadi B. , Frey P. , Borouchaki H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with adaptive simulation of time‐dependent problems. Mesh adaptation for unsteady configurations is especially important as the phenomenon evolves in the whole computational domain and, in order to capture such a phenomenon accurately on adapted meshes, one has to predict the evolution path. Here, we propose a new adaptive algorithm for time‐dependent simulation; the idea is to solve a transient fixed problem by introducing a new loop in the adaptation scheme. The metric used for 3D simulations is constructed with an a posteriori error estimate based on a discrete approximation of the Hessian of the solution. For time‐dependent simulation, a metric intersection in time is introduced to refine all the areas where the phenomena evolve. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical investigation of the GARCH option pricing model: Hedging performance
Authors: Yung Haynes H. M. , Zhang Hua 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn this article, we study the empirical performance of the GARCH option pricing model relative to the ad hoc Black‐Scholes (BS) model
of Dumas, Fleming, and Whaley. Specifically, we investigate the empirical performance of the option pricing model based on the exponential GARCH
(EGARCH) process of Nelson. Using S&P 500 options data, we find that the EGARCH model performs better than the ad hoc BS model both in
terms of in‐sample valuation and out‐of‐sample forecasting. However, the superiority of out‐of‐sample performance
EGARCH model over the ad hoc BS model is small and insignificant except in the case of deep‐out‐of‐money put options. The
out‐performance diminishes as one lengthens the forecasting horizon. Interestingly, we find that the more complicated EGARCH model performs worse
than the ad hoc BS model in hedging, irrespective of moneyness categories and hedging horizons. For at‐the‐money and
out‐of‐the‐money put options, the underperformance of the EGARCH model in hedging is statistically significant. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1191–1207, 2003
Mitoxantrone–cyclophosphamide–rituximab: an effective and safe combination for indolent NHL
Authors: Emmanouilides C. , Territo M. , Menco H. , Patel R. , Rosen P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTreatment for extensive indolent lymphoma should combine optimization of efficacy without excessive toxicity. Rituxan may be an ideal agent for combinations with chemotherapy because of its non‐cross‐resistant toxicity profile and the potential for synergism. We present the results of 32 patients with indolent B‐cell NHL who received a novel three‐drug combination designed with the intent of preservation of both efficacy and quality of life. Patient characteristics were as follows, median age, 58 years (36–75 years); histology, follicular 16, SLL/CLL five, lymphoplasmacytic six, marginal cell five; relapsed or refractory, 10; untreated, 22. Patients first received cyclophosphamide 800 mg/m2 and mitoxantrone 8 mg/m2, iv on the same day, every 3 weeks for two cycles. Subsequently, patients received rituximab followed by mitoxantrone 8 mg/m2 every 2 weeks for four cycles. The regimen, and particularly rituximab, was extremely well tolerated. Grade I/II, infusion‐related toxicity was noted in 10%. Six patients achieved a PR and 23 a CR for an overall response of 90% (95% CI: 79–100%). The actuarial median TTP for all patients was 30 months. Molecular remissions were noted in 8/14 patients tested in CR. We conclude that the cyclophosphamide–mitoxantrone–rituxan (CyMiR) regimen is effective and extremely well tolerated. Furthermore, rituximab infusion‐related morbidity is nearly completely eliminated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABCG2 (BCRP) expression in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells
Authors: Abbott Brian L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractABCG2 (BCRP) is a member of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) family of cell surface transport proteins. ABCG2 expression occurs in a variety of normal tissues, and is relatively limited to primitive stem cells. ABCG2 expression is associated with the side population (SP) phenotype of Hoechst 33342 efflux. The substrate profile of ABCG2 includes the antineoplastic drugs primarily targeting topoisomerases, including anthracyclines and camptothecins. More recently, pheophorbide, a chlorophyll‐breakdown product, and protoporhyrin IX have been described as ABCG2 substrates, perhaps indicating a physiologic role of cytoprotection of primitive cells. Also, mice lacking ABCG2 expression have no intrinsic stem cell defects, although there is a remarkable increase in toxicity with antineoplastic drugs that are ABCG2 substrates, and also a photosensitivity resembling protoporphyria. Like other members of the ABC family, such as MDR1 and MRP1, ABCG2 is expressed in a variety of malignancies. Despite numerous reports of ABCG2 expression in AML, there is little evidence that ABCG2 expression is correlated with an adverse clinical outcome. This review will focus on the potential usefulness of ABCG2 as a marker primitive stem cells and possible physiologic roles of ABCG2 in protection of primitive stem cell populations, and potential methods of overcoming ABCG2‐associated drug resistance in anticancer therapy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of [N‐methyl‐11C]‐3‐[(6‐dimethylamino)pyridin‐3‐yl]‐2,5‐dimethyl‐N, N‐dipropylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐7‐amine: A potential PET ligand for in vivo imaging of CRF1 receptors
Authors: Kumar J.S. Dileep , Majo Vattoly J. , Prabhakaran Jaya , Simpson Norman R. , Van Heertum Ronald L. , Mann J. John 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA convenient synthesis of [N‐methyl‐11C]‐3‐[(6‐dimethylamino)pyridin‐3‐yl]‐2,5‐dimethyl‐N,N‐dipropylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐7‐amine (R121920), a highly selective CRF1 antagonist has been developed as a potential PET ligand. 3 ‐ [(6 ‐ methylamino)pyridin ‐ 3 ‐ yl]‐2,5‐dimethyl‐N,N‐dipropylpyrazolo [1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐7‐amine (7), the precursor for radiolabelling was synthesized through a novel palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling of aryl bromide 5 with heteroaryl boronate ester 4. The requisite boronate ester 4 was synthesized in four steps from 2‐amino‐4‐bromopyridine in 50% overall yield. Although the synthesis of cold R121920 proceeded in 93% yield by sodium hexamethyl‐disilazide (NaHMDS) mediated N‐methylation of the desmethylamine 7 at −78°C, the attempted radiosynthesis under various conditions using conventional bases were not successful. However, the radiolabeling of [11C]R121920 was successfully carried out with [11C]MeOTf in acetone at −20°C in the absence of added basic reagents. The radiotracer was purified by RP‐HPLC followed by RP‐solid phase extraction. The yield of the reaction was 5% (at EOB) and the specific activity was >1000 Ci/mmol (at EOB) with a radiochemical purity >99%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reductive N‐alkylation of secondary amines with [2‐11C]acetone
Authors: van der Meij Margaretha , Carruthers Nicholas I. , Herscheid Jacobus D.M. , Jablonowski Jill A. , Leysen Josee E. , Windhorst Albert D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe development of a labeling method for secondary amines with [2‐11C]acetone is described since the R2N‐isopropyl moiety is present in many biologically active compounds. The influence of a variety of parameters (e.g. reagents, solvents, temperature, and time) on the reaction outcome is discussed. Under the optimal reaction conditions, [11C]1‐isopropyl‐4‐phenylpiperazine ([11C]iPPP) was synthesized from [2‐11C]acetone and 1‐phenylpiperazine in a decay‐corrected radiochemical yield of 72%. The overall synthesis time, from EOB to HPLC analysis of [11C]iPPP, was 20 min. Specific activity was 142–208 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expedient synthesis of [18F]‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones
Authors: Surya Prakash G. K. , Alauddin Mian M. , Hu Jinbo , Conti Peter S. , Olah George A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSeveral [18F]‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones have been synthesized. Reactions of 2,2‐difluoro‐1‐aryl‐1‐trimethylsiloxyethenes (1a–d) with [18F]‐F2 at low temperature produced [18F]‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones (2a–d). Radio‐labeled products were isolated by purification with column chromatography in 22–28% yields, decay corrected (d.c.) in three runs per compound. Radiochemical purity was >99% with specific activities 15–20 GBq/mmol at the end of synthesis (EOS). The synthesis time was 35–40 min from the end of bombardment (EOB). This one‐step simple method is highly useful for the radiochemical synthesis of potential biologically active [18F]‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones for PET imaging. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interscanner reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance T2* measurements of tissue iron in thalassemia
Authors: Westwood Mark A. , Anderson Lisa J. , Firmin David N. , Gatehouse Peter D. , Lorenz Christine H. , Wonke Beatrix , Pennell Dudley J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo assess interscanner reproducibility of tissue iron measurements in patients with thalassemia using gradient echo T2* measurements on two different MRI scanners.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five patients with thalassemia major had liver and myocardial T2* assessment using a Picker Edge 1.5T Scanner and a Siemens Sonata 1.5T scanner, with similar gradient echo sequences. In a subset of 13 patients, two scans on the Siemens scanner were performed to assess interstudy reproducibility.ResultsThere was a highly significant, linear correlation between T2* values obtained for both the heart (r = 0.95) and the liver (r = 0.99) between scanners. The mean difference, coefficient of variability, and 95% confidence intervals between scanners were 0.8 msec, 9.4% and –5.0 to 6.7 msec for the heart; and 0.9 msec, 7.9% and –2.0 to 3.9 msec for the liver. The interstudy mean difference and coefficient of variability on the Siemens scanner was 0.3 msec and 4.8% (r = 0.99) for the heart, and 0.04 msec and 1.9% (r = 0.99) for the liver.ConclusionThe T2* technique for measuring tissue iron is reproducible between the two manufacturers' scanners. This suggests that the widespread implementation of the technique is possible for clinical assessment of myocardial iron loading in thalassemia. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:616–620. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Event‐related analysis for event types of fixed order and restricted spacing by temporal quantification of trial‐averaged fMRI time courses
Authors: Ruge Hannes , Brass Marcel , Lohmann Gabriele , von Cramon D. Yves 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeTo develop a method for event‐related fMRI that allows rapidly presented event sequences to be analyzed, without requiring transitions of different event‐types to be counterbalanced.Materials and MethodsA cued task switching procedure was investigated with an experimental trial comprising a visual task cue that indicated how to process a subsequent visual target stimulus. Cue and target were either presented quasi‐simultaneously, separated by a 100 msec cue‐target‐interval (CTI100), or the target presentation was delayed by 2000 msec (CTI2000). To characterize the trial‐related BOLD‐response in terms of its temporal relation to the underlying event structure, the pattern of onset latency differences and peak latency differences for CTI2000 minus CTI100 was evaluated. Independent estimates of onset latencies and peak latencies were determined for preprocessed trial‐averaged time courses by jackknife resampling.ResultsValidating results were obtained for two brain areas with known characteristics: the visual cortex (cue‐locked plus target‐locked activation) and the motor cortex (response‐locked activation). Extending the analysis to prefrontal areas with a priori unknown characteristics differentiated between several meaningful temporal activation patterns.ConclusionThe method yielded a fine‐grained temporal description of trial‐related BOLD‐responses that could be successfully used for the event‐related analysis of an experimental design that was highly restricted with respect to event order and event spacing. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:599–607. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biochemical changes associated with mushroom browning in Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach and Pleurotus florida (Block & Tsao): commercial implications
Authors: Rajarathnam Somasundaram , Shashirekha Mysore Nanjarajurs , Rashmi Sudhir 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBiochemical changes associated with mushroom browning in Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus florida were studied. With increasing storage temperature from 0 to 25 °C there was an increase in phenol oxidase activity up to 15 °C followed by a decrease at 25 °C in both mushrooms. Loss of water content in fresh mushrooms had a direct relationship with phenol oxidase activity, which could be correlated with the visual degree of mushroom browning. A bisporus displayed higher phenol oxidase activity, about two to three times that of P florida. The phenol oxidase activity in both mushroom varieties was studied on a range of phenolic compounds with diverse functional groups. A bisporus exhibited intense reactions to tyrosine and catechol, while P florida did so to guaiacol and catechol. The two mushrooms differed in the degree of their oxidation reactions relative to the functional groups. In A bisporus the skin had more phenolics than the flesh; P florida contained fewer phenolics, while the stalks of both mushrooms had low phenolics contents. FTIR spectral studies of intact mushrooms during browning showed a characteristic decrease in phenolic hydroxyls; first‐derivative spectra were used to assess relative peak intensities. Of the chemicals tested for their effect on phenol oxidase activity, 0.1 M sodium carbonate favoured the immediate development of an orange chromogen in P florida, while mild alkaline solutions favoured the enzyme activity, and acidic solutions at the 0.1 M level completely inhibited the browning reaction in both mushrooms. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Evidence for the involvement of lipoxygenase in the oxidative processes associated with the appearance of green staining alteration in the Gordal olive
Authors: Gallardo‐Guerrero Lourdes , Jarén‐Galán Manuel , Hornero‐Méndez Dámaso , Mínguez‐Mosquera Ma Isabel 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLipoxygenase (LOX) activity and chloroplast pigment content were monitored during fruit growth in Gordal and Manzanilla olive varieties (Olea europaea regalis and Olea europaea pomiformis respectively). At all growth stages, LOX activity was greater in Gordal than in Manzanilla, and in both varieties, enzymatic activity peaks coincided with the maximum presence of oxidised chlorophyll pigments in the fruits. The higher lipid peroxidation potential measured directly in vitro and indirectly in vivo in the Gordal variety and its correspondence with higher contents of oxidised catabolites of chlorophyll suggested a greater tendency and sensitivity of this variety to oxidative processes. This could also explain the high organelle disorganisation levels reached during industrial processing of the fruit, allowing the formation of copper–chlorophyll complexes associated with the green staining alteration that affects Gordal olives. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Meat production using four terminal pig lines
Authors: Rauw Wendy M , Varona Luis , Raya Luis Gomez , Noguera José Luis 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe influence of terminal sire (Duroc (D1 and D2), Large White/Pietrain (LW/P) and Large White (LW)) on several meat production and meat quality traits was investigated in 452 male and female offspring of Landrace/Large White dams. Age at slaughter, carcass length, carcass weight and dressing yield were similar for all lines, as was the production of shoulders, chops, and ribs with bacon. D2‐sired pigs produced more noble pieces as a percentage of their carcass weight than the other three lines. LW/P‐ and LW‐sired pigs were generally leaner than Duroc‐sired pigs. LW/P and LW pigs had the highest percentage of cuts (longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus muscle) classified as pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat. There were no large differences between the lines in the occurrence of dark, firm and dry (DFD) cuts. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Studies on antioxidant activities of mucuna seed (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) extract and various non‐protein amino/imino acids through in vitro models
Authors: Siddhuraju Perumal , Becker Klaus 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe antioxidant activities of a methanolic extract of mucuna beans (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) and several non‐protein amino/imino acids, namely L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐dopa), L‐3‐carboxy‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (compound I), (−)‐1‐methyl‐3‐carboxy‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (compound II) and 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP), were evaluated. By virtue of their hydrogen‐donating ability, all the tested compounds and the mucuna seed extract showed excellent reducing power, with the highest values being recorded for L‐dopa in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, as compared with synthetic antioxidants (BHT and BHA) and quercetin, all the tested compounds and the seed extract were found to be more potent in free radical‐scavenging activity (P < 0.05) against α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radicals. Hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and superoxide anion radicals (O2•−) were effectively scavenged by the tested compounds, with the exception that no scavenging activity of 5‐HTP was observed on (O2•−) up to a concentration of 2 mg ml−1, as was also the case for BHA. Among the tested non‐protein amino/imino acids and seed extract the highest peroxidation‐inhibiting activity (95%) was recorded for 5‐HTP. On the other hand, in the linoleic acid/β‐carotene‐bleaching system, L‐dopa, compound I and compound II acted as pro‐oxidants, whereas the seed extract showed only weak antioxidant activity as in the linoleic acid emulsion system. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
New Phosphonated Methacrylates: Synthesis, Photocuring and Study of their Thermal and Flame‐Retardant Properties
Authors: Youssef Boulos , Lecamp Laurence , Khatib Wassef El , Bunel Claude , Mortaigne Bruno 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn this work, a new methacrylate phosphonate monomer synthesis was described according to two routes: firstly, by condensation of methacrylic acid with a phosphonate epoxide and secondly by an esterification between methacryloyl chloride and a phosphonate diol. The photoinduced polymerization of this new monomer was studied as a function of reaction temperature. The optimal conversion of the photopolymerization was 81% for temperatures below 60 °C. Above 60 °C, the existence of a thermal polymerization leads to a decrease in the apparent photochemical yield. This new monomer is less reactive than the commercial dimethacrylate polyether of Bisphenol A we have used for copolymerization. Mechanical and thermal properties of the final copolymers were studied as a function of methacrylate phosphonate monomer content. Tg of the copolymers reaches a maximum when the phosphorus content is about 2%. The addition of phosphorus leads to an improvement of the thermal and flame‐retardant properties. Thus, addition of 2% phosphorus allows us to decrease the degradation rate, to increase the amount of remaining residue after combustion up to 12%, and finally to increase the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) from 16.8 (0% P) to 21.4 (2% P).Synthetic routes to methacrylate phosphonated monomer.magnified imageSynthetic routes to methacrylate phosphonated monomer.
A Study of Epoxy‐Amine Cure Kinetics by Combining Isoconversional Analysis with Temperature Modulated DSC and Dynamic Rheometry
Authors: Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas , Vyazovkin Sergey , Mititelu Alice , Sladic Cyril , Vincent Luc 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe kinetics of curing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with m‐phenylenediamine (m‐PDA) has been studied by using DSC under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. An advanced isoconversional method has been applied to the data in order to evaluate a dependence of the effective activation energy on the extent of conversion. The method has been applied to the stoichiometric system as well as to the system with an excess of the amine. The nonstoichiometric system demonstrates an effective activation energy that is practically independent of the extent of conversion. The resulting value (≈55 kJ · mol−1) provides an estimate for the curing reaction of the primary amine. The stoichiometric system demonstrates a decreasing activation energy for both isothermal and nonisothermal cures. The value varies from ≈55 kJ · mol−1 to as low as ≈20 kJ · mol−1. The decrease is explained by shifting the rate determining step from a kinetic to a diffusion regime. The diffusion control is associated with the processes of gelation and vitrification that occur on curing and cause a dramatic decrease in molecular mobility. Dynamic rheometry and temperature modulated DSC have been employed to study these processes.Eα‐dependencies obtained for curing the stoichiometric (open symbols) and nonstoichiometric (solid symbols) epoxy systems (circles: nonisothermal conditions; triangles: isothermal cures).magnified imageEα‐dependencies obtained for curing the stoichiometric (open symbols) and nonstoichiometric (solid symbols) epoxy systems (circles: nonisothermal conditions; triangles: isothermal cures).
Environmentally Friendly Negative Resists Based on Acid‐Catalyzed Acetalization for 193‐nm Lithography
Authors: Kim Jin‐Baek , Jang Ji‐Hyun , Ko Jong‐Sung , Choi Jae‐Hak , Lee Kwan‐Ku 
Published: October 2003

AbstractNovel water‐developable negative resists were designed to induce both crosslinking and polarity change upon exposure and bake. The matrix polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of glyceryl methacrylate and methacrolein. The acid‐catalyzed acetalization of the polymer induced crosslinking, polarity change, and an increase in dry‐etch resistance. The resist formulated with this polymer and cast in a water/ethanol mixture showed 0.7 μm line and space patterns using a mercury–xenon lamp in a contact printing mode and pure water as a developer.The acid‐catalyzed acetalization of poly(GMA‐co‐MA) to form the water‐insoluble acetal.magnified imageThe acid‐catalyzed acetalization of poly(GMA‐co‐MA) to form the water‐insoluble acetal.