bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic plasma exchange is feasible and tolerable in severely injured patients with trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Moore Sarah A , Rollins-Raval Marian A , Gillette Jennifer M , Kiss Joseph E , Triulzi Darrell J , Yazer Mark H , Paul Jasmeet S , Leeper Christine M , Neal Matthew D , Raval Jay S 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTrauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) occurs in a subset of severely injured trauma patients. Despite having achieved surgical hemostasis, these individuals can have persistent bleeding, clotting, or both in conjunction with deranged coagulation parameters and typically require transfusion support with plasma, platelets, and/or cryoprecipitate. Due to the multifactorial nature of TIC, targeted interventions usually do not have significant clinical benefits. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a non-specific modality of removing and replacing a patient’s plasma in a euvolemic manner that can temporarily normalize coagulation parameters and remove deleterious substances, and may be beneficial in such patients with TIC.MethodsIn a prospective case series, TPE was performed in severely injured trauma patients diagnosed with TIC and transfusion requirement. These individuals all underwent a series of at least 3 TPE procedures performed once daily with plasma as the exclusive replacement fluid. Demographic, injury, laboratory, TPE, and outcome data were collected and analyzed.ResultsIn total, 7 patients received 23 TPE procedures. All patients had marked improvements in routine coagulation parameters, platelet counts, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) activities, inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 concentrations, and organ system injuries after completion of their TPE treatments. All-cause mortality rates at 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days were 0%, 0%, and 43%, respectively, and all patients for whom TPE was initiated within 24 hours after injury survived to the 30-day timepoint. Surgical, critical care, and apheresis nursing personnel who were surveyed were universally positive about the utilization of TPE in this patient population. These procedures were tolerated well with the most common adverse event being laboratory-diagnosed hypocalcemia.ConclusionTPE is feasible and tolerable in severely injured trauma patients with TIC. However, many questions remain regarding the application of TPE for these critically ill patients including identification of the optimal injured population, ideal time of treatment initiation, appropriate treatment intensity, and concurrent use of adjunctive treatments.Level of evidenceLevel V.
Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the macrostructure and failure mechanisms of fiber-reinforced clay using industrial computed tomography
Authors: Roustaei Mahya , Pumple Joel , Hendry Michael T. , Harvey Jordan , Froese Duane 
Published: January 2024

Freeze–thaw cycling is a critical issue in cold-climate engineering because these cycles impact the mechanical properties of soils due to the translocation of water and ice at temperatures near 0 °C. Reinforcement methods have been developed to decrease these adverse effects, including the use of polypropylene (PP) fibers. However, few macrostructural investigations have been able to demonstrate the underlying physical basis for their effectiveness. This study used computed tomography (CT) images of clay samples reinforced with 2% PP fibers and subjected to unconfined compression and Brazilian tests before and after up to 10 closed-system freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs). Significant effects of the FTCs on soil structure include a reduction in macropores and an increase in mesopores. The addition of PP fibers reduces this change in the number of macropores from 28% to 18% following 10 FTCs. Unreinforced samples also show more localized propagation of shear/tensile cracks during tests than reinforced samples as a result of having a higher failure strength and ductility. The bridging effect of fibers, deviation of the failure path, and formation of microcracks around fibers are clearly illustrated in the CT images. This study provides significant insights relevant to engineering design in cold regions.
Novel approach to measure quark/gluon jets at the LHC
Authors: Baroň Petr , Seymour Michael H. , Siódmok Andrzej 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new proposal on how to measure quark/gluon jet properties at the LHC. The measurement strategy takes advantage of the fact that the LHC has collected data at different energies. Measurements at two or more energies can be combined to yield distributions of any jet property separated into quark and gluon jet samples on a statistical basis, without the need for an independent event-by-event tag. We illustrate our method with a variety of different angularity observables, and discuss how to narrow down the search for the most useful observables.
String loop vibration around Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Churilova Mariia , Kološ Martin , Stuchlík Zdeněk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractString loop vibrations in a central plane of a Schwarzschild black hole are investigated for various string equations of state. We discuss string loop stability and derive frequencies of vibrational modes. Using the vibrating string loop model we fit the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) observed in X-ray signal coming from some compact sources. We demonstrate how the string-loop parameters are related to the radial and vertical fundamental vibration modes, and how the vibrational instability can be related to the Q-factor characterizing the observed QPOs.
Gray matter correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys versus girls with sensory processing dysfunction
Authors: Gennatas Efstathios D. , Wren-Jarvis Jamie , Powers Rachel , Lazerwitz Maia C. , Bourla Ioanna , Cai Lanya T. , Choi Hannah L. , Chu Robyn , Trimarchi Kaitlyn J. , Garcia Rafael D. , Marco Elysa J. , Mukherjee Pratik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Neuroimaging shows volumetric alterations of gray matter in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, results are conflicting. This may be due to heterogeneous phenotypic sampling and limited sensitivity of volumetric analysis. Creating more homogenous cohorts and investigating gray matter microstructure may yield meaningful biomarkers for scientific and clinical applications. Children with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD) have differences in white matter microstructure, but not gray matter volumetric differences. Approximately 40% of SPD children meet research criteria for ADHD. We apply deep learning segmentation of MRI to measure gray matter volume (GMV) and density (GMD) in SPD children with (SPD+ADHD) and without co-morbid ADHD (SPD-ADHD). We hypothesize GMV and GMD are linked to ADHD but with sex-specific regional patterns. We find boys with SPD+ADHD have widespread reduction of GMD in neocortex, limbic cortex, and cerebellum versus boys with SPD-ADHD. The greatest differences are in sensory cortex with less involvement of prefrontal regions associated with attention networks and impulse control. In contrast, changes of ADHD in girls with SPD are in brainstem nuclei responsible for dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission. Hence, neural correlates of ADHD in SPD are sexually dimorphic. In boys, ADHD may result from downstream effects of abnormal sensory cortical development.
Power Relations and Breakaway in Pentecostal/Charismatic Denominations in Africa
Authors: Ijaola Samson Oluwatope 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pentecostal denominations are undoubtedly spreading in Africa. While the proliferation of Pentecostal churches appears to be the resultant effect of church planting strategies and the works of the Holy Spirit, it is rather struggles from the power relations that serve as the underlying force behind the spread of these denominations. This is connected to the fact that Pentecostal churches govern themselves and hold real disciplinary powers that result in the subjectification of their adherents as docile bodies. This study therefore aims to analyze the roles as well as effects of the combination of the Spirit’s power and pastoral power that underlie the power relations, and result in the prevalence of breakaway among Pentecostal believers. Employing a literary criticism approach and using secondary data, the findings show that without careful understanding of power relations and openness of Pentecostal pastors to reason in their exercise of technologies of powers, the rising incidence of breakaway among Pentecostal denominations in Africa will undoubtedly continue.
The effect of four-weeks of CrossFit workouts on cardiovascular indicators and physical readiness in military forces
Authors: Karami E. , Arabzadeh E. , Shirvani H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It seems that CrossFit workouts due to its effect on strength, endurance, and cardiovascular conditioning is suitableto be used in military training. A military exercise or war game is the employment of military resources in training for military operations, either exploring the effects of warfare or testing strategies without actual combat. This study aimed to investigate the effect of simulated CrossFit exercise of the military operation on cardiovascular indicators and the physical readiness of military forces. This research is in the manner of experimental studies through a pre- and posttest design. Twenty-four male military forces (age: 21.07 ± 1.6; weight: 74.6 ± 12.1 kg; height: 175.1 ± 6.28; and body mass index (BMI): 23 ± 3.3 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups of CrossFit and control. The CrossFit group had three training sessions per week for four weeks. The exercise of the CrossFit group included metabolic conditioning, weight-lifting, and gymnastics, while the control group also did their usual physical activity. The results show that in the CrossFit group the means of BMI, fat mass, heart rate, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure have significantly decreased () compare to pre-test, while, the amount of VO2max, maximal power to weight, average power to weight, and the army physical fitness test (APFT) score improved significantly in CrossFit group compared to the pre-test (). Compared to the control group at post-test, crossFit significantly increase fat present, BMI, VO2max, maximal power/body weight, and power/body weight () and significantly decreased systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate (). Our results suggested that performing four weeks of the simulated CrossFit exercises of the military operation causes improving the cardiovascular indexes, and physical readiness of military personnel.
Shedding Light on the Inadequate Protection of Internet Users’ Right to Privacy under Kuwaiti Law
Authors: Almutairi Noura Hezam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Digital technology such as AI has enabled private companies to collect and analyse people’s personal information, which may infer hidden private data about the individual, such as medical data or psychological state. The inferred private information can be sold to third parties or used to target advertisements without the individual’s knowledge and explicit consent. Private companies, therefore, pose a risk to internet users’ right to privacy in the digital world. As such, the legal system should have a comprehensive Data Privacy law that provides internet users with adequate legal protection for preserving their right to privacy against private companies. Still, Kuwait lacks comprehensive Data Privacy. The only two data privacy mechanisms are embodied in chapter 7 under the Electronic Transaction Act (ETA) No. 20 of 2014 and the Regulation of User Protection and Privacy issued by the Communication and Information Technology Regulatory Authority (CITRA). This paper finds that the fragmented Kuwaiti laws concerning the individual’s right to privacy inadequately protect internet users’ right to privacy against the risk posed by private companies, and therefore, legislative interventions are needed. This paper concludes with proposing essential recommendations for the Kuwaiti Legislative Authority to issue a comprehensive data privacy law, using European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation as a guidance framework (GDPR), to strengthen internet users’ right to privacy (as control over their personal information) against the risk private companies pose.
Deep Learning for Postprocessing Global Probabilistic Forecasts on Subseasonal Time Scales
Authors: Horat Nina , Lerch Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Subseasonal weather forecasts are becoming increasingly important for a range of socioeconomic activities. However, the predictive ability of physical weather models is very limited on these time scales. We propose four postprocessing methods based on convolutional neural networks to improve subseasonal forecasts by correcting systematic errors of numerical weather prediction models. Our postprocessing models operate directly on spatial input fields and are therefore able to retain spatial relationships and to generate spatially homogeneous predictions. They produce global probabilistic tercile forecasts for biweekly aggregates of temperature and precipitation for weeks 3–4 and 5–6. In a case study based on a public forecasting challenge organized by the World Meteorological Organization, our postprocessing models outperform the bias-corrected forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and achieve improvements over climatological forecasts for all considered variables and lead times. We compare several model architectures and training modes and demonstrate that all approaches lead to skillful and well-calibrated probabilistic forecasts. The good calibration of the postprocessed forecasts emphasizes that our postprocessing models reliably quantify the forecast uncertainty based on deterministic input information in the form of ECMWF ensemble mean forecast fields only.
De-Epithelialized Viable Tracheal Allotransplantation Without Immunosuppressants: 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Cui Pengcheng , Zhao Daqing , Liang Leping , Liu Pengfei , Li Shuqin 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Tracheal transplantation could be a better option for patients with long segmental laryngotracheal stenosis or defects, but the need for immunosuppressants limits its widespread use due to the antigenicity of the tracheal epithelium. Chemically treated or cryopreserved nonviable tracheal allografts have no immunogenicity but lead to necrosis and stenosis in long-term outcomes. The present report describes the 5-year outcomes of de-epithelialized viable tracheal allotransplantation without immunosuppressants in a patient with severe laryngotracheal stenosis. Methods: The recipient was a 47-year-old female with relapsing polychondritis affecting the larynx and cervical trachea and producing a 5 cm long stenosis that could not be repaired using resection and anastomosis. A tracheal allograft was obtained from a 45-year-old male donor and treated with a combination of 3% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and organ preservation solution for 138 hours. The allograft was revascularized by heterotopical implantation in the infrahyoid muscles of the recipient for 3 months and then transplantation to the laryngotracheal defect with a split-thickness skin graft sutured to the lumen and a silicon T-tube. No immunosuppressants were used postoperatively. Results: The allograft was de-epithelialized, and most of the cartilage rings remained viable after the treatment. The allograft was revascularized, viable, and mechanically stable after 3 months of heterotopic implantation. No apparent signs of rejection or destruction were observed. The T-tube was removed, and the internal lining of the allograft was repopulated 4 months after orthotopic transplantation, despite the skin graft necrotizing at 2 weeks. Endoscopy and computed tomography showed a patent airway 5 years after orthotopic transplantation. The patient was able to resume her usual quality of life. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that transplantation of the de-epithelialized viable tracheal allograft without immunosuppressants is safe and promising for patients with long laryngotracheal stenosis or defects, especially for those with malignant tumor resections.
Trends in diversity-related learning among secondary schools in 35 US states, 2014–2018
Authors: Young Emily , Demissie Zewditu , Szucs Leigh E , Brener Nancy D , Waheed Fareeha , Jasani Salimah 
Published: January 2024

Objective: School Health Profiles (Profiles) is a national surveillance system operated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A school-based system of surveys, Profiles monitors school health policies and practices in US states and other jurisdictions through questionnaires completed by school principals and lead health education teachers. This study used the Profiles principal survey to identify trends in US schools’ implementation of diversity-related learning opportunities (i.e. opportunities to learn about people who are different from themselves) in secondary school classrooms and extracurricular settings. Methods: Logistic regression models using data from three cycles of School Health Profiles from 35 US states examined trends in the percentages of secondary schools offering students diversity-related learning opportunities in the following settings, each measured by using dichotomous yes/no response options: (a) clubs; (b) lessons in class and (c) special events (e.g. multicultural week, family night) sponsored by the school or community organisations. Results: Between 2014–2018, no states experienced decreases in opportunities for students to learn about people who are different from themselves; most states demonstrated no significant change. Conclusion: Findings suggest efforts are needed to strengthen capacity for and prioritisation of policies, programmes and practices promoting diversity and culturally relevant education in schools, and in turn, promote positive health and educational outcomes for youth.
On the Impacts of Government Size on Economic Growth in India: Some Evidence from Smooth Transition Autoregression Model
Authors: Tariq Asif , Ahmad Masroor , Amin Aadil 
Published: January 2024

This article examines the threshold effects of government size (measured as a percentage share of government final consumption expenditure in GDP) on economic growth from a non-linear perspective. We apply a smooth transition autoregression (STAR) model to estimate the threshold level of government size and its impact on economic growth in India for the period spanning from 1971 to 2019. The empirical results reveal that the relationship between government size and economic growth is non-linear. The study finds a statistically significant positive relationship between the size of the government and economic growth below the estimated threshold level of government size of 10.45 per cent. Above the 10.45 per cent threshold level, government size has a deleterious impact on economic growth. The results also reveal that the transition from one extreme economic phase to another is gradual. The findings of our study recommend that policymakers can enhance India’s economic growth by restricting government size to the estimated threshold level or by reducing the size of the government when it lies well above the threshold level. JEL Codes: JEL H00, JEL E6, JEL E62
Perspectives on elder mistreatment screening and responding in emergency departments: A qualitative study with survivors
Authors: Burnett Jason , Campetti Randi , Froberg Ruthann , Beauchamp Jennifer ES , Lees-Haggerty Kristin 
Published: January 2024

Objective Elder Mistreatment (EM) occurs in approximately 10% of older adults and is associated with trauma-related outcomes including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and early mortality. Low screening and older adult self-reporting, especially within emergency departments, represent missed opportunities for identify and mitigate future EM occurrences and consequences. To date, no studies have obtained EM survivors' perspectives on EM screening and response practices in emergency departments. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 19 EM survivors of those with Adult Protective Services validated EM were completed in older adults' homes. The Elder Mistreatment Emergency Department Screening and Response Tool (EM-SART) was used to guide the interview questions. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative thematic analyses. Results The participants were mostly female (63%) and white (58%) with an average age of 74 years. Physical abuse accounted for 67% of the EM incidents. Three themes emerged indicating the survivor preference for (1) building rapport and approaching the older adult with compassion and care, (2) setting the context before asking the EM questions, and (3) allowing mutuality, collaborative work, and shared decision-making during the response. Conclusions Older adults are agreeable and willing to self-report and actively engage in the EM screening and response practices in the emergency department if trauma-informed care principles are utilized.
Opinion of Stakeholder on the Feasibility of a Nurse-Led Clinic for Self-management of Bronchial Asthma in a Tertiary Care Center: North Zone Study (India)
Authors: Ankita  , Kaur Sukhpal , Singh Neena Vir , Aggarwal Ashutosh 
Published: January 2024

Background: Bronchial asthma is a non-communicable disease demanding long-term adherence to medical treatment and self-management. The effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Clinic for the management of long-term illness is well established. In our setup, we intend to establish a Nurse-Led Clinic. Before establishing one, it is essential to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on the feasibility of a Nurse-Led Clinic for the self-management of bronchial asthma. Objective: The study was done to explore stakeholders’ opinions on the Nurse-Led Clinic’s feasibility for the self-management of bronchial asthma. Methods: Five doctors, six nurses, and 11 patients were taken as stakeholders using the purposive sampling technique. A pre-validated semi-structured opinionnaire having a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.82 was used. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted. The data triangulation and dependability were ensured. Results: After the thematic analysis, themes were categorized into two sections based on the common and different questions for all the stakeholders. The major themes of both sections were as follows: Nurse-Led Clinic-A perceived helpful initiative, strengthening the Nurse-Led Clinic, current obstacles/restorative measures in the management of bronchial asthma, a glance at the current scenario, patient satisfaction with doctors’ consultation, and challenges Nurse-Led Clinic may face and related remedial measures. Conclusion: All stakeholders favored the idea of a Nurse-Led Clinic for the self-management of bronchial asthma.
Screening for End-of-Life in Acute Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: To Timothy , Hakendorf Paul , Currow David C 
Published: January 2024

Background Patients are frequently admitted to hospital in the last year of life. Actively recognising patients at this stage gives the opportunity to plan future care. Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey of all acute medical and surgical inpatients at one tertiary hospital. Two simple screening tools, the indicators for a palliative approach and the surprise question identified a group of patients at greatly increased risk of dying over the next year. Results The one-year mortality of the study group was 27%, however was 52% and 65% for those identified at risk by the indicators for a palliative approach and surprise question tools. The surprise question had an area under the receiver operator curve value of .84. Conclusion These screening tools could be used to help clinicians identify hospital inpatients that would benefit from advance care planning and a tailored approach to their care.