bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal traits and formalization of entrepreneurial ventures: insights from a developing country
Authors: Sendawula Kasimu , Najjinda Shamirah , Nanyanzi Marion , Kimuli Saadat Nakyejwe Lubowa , Walugembe Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how the personal traits of the informal entrepreneurs influence their formalization decisions.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative approach using a multicase design in which 28 informal entrepreneurs situated in Kampala district, Uganda, were engaged. An interview guide, recorders and note books were used in data collection.FindingsThe results indicate that the traits of informal and semiformal entrepreneurs are distinct. Informal entrepreneurs have been noted to be more courageous and resilient, while their semiformal counterparts have greater passion for their businesses. It is thus observed that the formalization prospects are higher for the semiformal entrepreneurs than for their informal counterparts. Entrepreneurs that would be willing to formalize their businesses are discouraged by distance, technology and the cost of involving middlemen. Whereas the resilient entrepreneurs are noted to work through these challenges, the passive ones in both the informal and semiformal categories will not formalize their businesses by giving such excuses.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the extant literature on informal entrepreneurship by providing initial empirical evidence on how the personal traits of the entrepreneurs influence their formalization decisions specifically.
The influence of reflections from the train body and the ground on the sound radiation from a railway rail
Authors: Thompson David J. , Zhao Dong , Ntotsios Evangelos , Squicciarini Giacomo , Cierco Ester , Jansen Erwin 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe vibration of the rails is a significant source of railway rolling noise, often forming the dominant component of noise in the important frequency region between 400 and 2000 Hz. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence of the ground profile and the presence of the train body on the sound radiation from the rail.Design/methodology/approachTwo-dimensional boundary element calculations are used, in which the rail vibration is the source. The ground profile and various different shapes of train body are introduced in the model, and results are observed in terms of sound power and sound pressure. Comparisons are also made with vibro-acoustic measurements performed with and without a train present.FindingsThe sound radiated by the rail in the absence of the train body is strongly attenuated by shielding due to the ballast shoulder. When the train body is present, the sound from the vertical rail motion is reflected back down toward the track where it is partly absorbed by the ballast. Nevertheless, the sound pressure at the trackside is increased by typically 0–5 dB. For the lateral vibration of the rail, the effects are much smaller. Once the sound power is known, the sound pressure with the train present can be approximated reasonably well with simple line source directivities.Originality/valueNumerical models used to predict the sound radiation from railway rails have generally neglected the influence of the ground profile and reflections from the underside of the train body on the sound power and directivity of the rail. These effects are studied in a systematic way including comparisons with measurements.
‘To assume another name’: Race, gender, family and name changing in New York City, 1887–2012
Authors: Fermaglich Kirsten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe name‐change petitions housed in the New York City Civil Court allow us to see the ways that Jewish families, cisgender women and transgender people throughout the twentieth and twenty‐first centuries used state mechanisms to challenge institutionalised antisemitism and traditional definitions of family and gender. At the same time, however, the petitions also indicate the oppressive elements of the state, as these groups increasingly felt it necessary to undertake the emotional and physical labour entailed in official name changing to establish the personal identity and familial authority that cisgender men are granted automatically in US legal tradition.
The end of an era: Who paid the price when the livestock futures pits closed?
Authors: Gousgounis Eleni , Onur Esen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange's (CME) decision to close the livestock futures pits on the execution quality of customer orders. Our findings suggest that, prior to its closure, the livestock futures pit offers high immediacy execution and attracts large orders. Because such high immediacy orders generally execute faster and cost more, their migration to the electronic market after the pit closure explains why the execution of electronic orders becomes on average speedier and more expensive for customers who used to be active pit users. However, our results also indicate that these pit‐user customers face a lower overall execution cost following the pit closure when we account for all their orders, pit and electronic.
Single‐stage reconstruction of a large defect of the ear
Authors: Samaran Quentin , Stoebner Pierre , Ovtchinnikoff Bernadette 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo reconstruct a large anterior skin and cartilage defect of the upper half of the external ear in an elderly patient after cancer surgery, different techniques are possible, but single‐stage procedures should be advised. Combining flaps with reliable vascular supply, like the revolving door post‐auricular flap and a mastoid advancement flap, is an attractive single‐stage reconstructive option to rebuild a sturdy auricle.
The hidden cues of social class: What do people rely on when determining someone else's social class?
Authors: Kiebler Jessica M. , Stewart Abigail J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe aimed to understand the cues individuals use to assess social class, and their relation to social theories. Participant (N = 235) open‐ended survey responses were coded in response to the following: “If you can at least sometimes tell if someone is (#1) working‐class/poor OR (#2) middle‐/upper‐class, how can you tell? What are all of the characteristics, behaviors, and/or other indicators that communicate their social class to you?” Based on participant comments, we created six themes: embodied cultural capital, material/economic capital, taste, status/position, institutional cultural capital, and social capital. First, we found spontaneous participant responses reflected several classic social class theories. Second, while the content often differed in terms of how participants discussed the working‐class/poor compared to the middle‐/upper‐class, there was only one significant difference in frequency of response. Specifically, participants were more likely to express the embodied cultural capital theme when asked about the working‐class/poor. Finally, participants with some more privileged identities (e.g., racially white, those with higher education, straight/heterosexual participants) were more likely to focus on symbolic or non‐material aspects of class compared to participants with some less privileged identities (e.g., participants with lower incomes in their families of origin), who focused more on material and economic cues in determining a person's class.
Active around the year: Butterflies and moths adapt their life cycles to a warming world
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Schmitt Thomas , Gros Patrick , Ulrich Werner 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLiving in a warming world requires adaptations to altered annual temperature regimes. In Europe, spring is starting earlier, and the vegetation period is ending later in the year. These climatic changes are leading not only to shifts in distribution ranges of flora and fauna, but also to phenological shifts. Using long‐term observation data of butterflies and moths collected during the past decades across northern Austria, we test for phenological shifts over time and changes in the number of generations. On average, Lepidoptera adults emerged earlier in the year and tended to extend their flight periods in autumn. Many species increased the annual number of generations. These changes were more pronounced at lower altitudes than at higher altitudes, leading to an altered phenological zonation. Our findings indicate that climate change does not only affect community composition but also the life history of insects. Increased activity and reproductive periods might alter Lepidoptera–host plant associations and food webs.
Longitudinal associations between parents' prosocial behavior and media use and young children's prosocial development: The mediating role of children's media use
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Workman Katey , Calley Anna , Ashby Sarah , Holmgren Hailey G. , Archibald Corinne , Fraser Ashley M. , Coyne Sarah M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch has found that media is associated with children's prosocial behavior (PB) from an early age, and that parents play a key role in children's media use and behavior. However, few studies explore these relations as early as infancy while also controlling for well‐established predictors of PB (e.g., empathic concern). Thus, the present study examined longitudinal associations between parents' PB and media use, and prosocial development during early childhood, mediated by children's own media use. Participants were 519 children (M age at Time 1 = 17.77 months) and parents who participated in three timepoints of an ongoing, longitudinal study. A longitudinal path model suggested that children's media use was still significantly associated with PB 1 year later after accounting for factors such as parents' PB, media use, and empathy. These findings have important implications for the early development of behaviors that serve as a foundation for social and moral development.
Enhancing wound healing and overcoming cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Qifan , Guo Fengqin , Liu Hua , Hong Li 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) poses significant oncological challenges, notably impaired wound healing in the context of cisplatin (DDP) resistance. This study investigates the role of miR‐200b in OC, emphasizing its impact on wound healing processes through DNMT3A/TGF‐β1 pathway. The primary aim was to explore how miR‐200b regulates autophagy and its consequential effects on wound healing in OC, alongside its influence on cisplatin resistance. Utilizing DDP‐sensitive (A2780) and resistant (A2780/DDP) OC cell lines, along with human fibroblast cultures, the study employed an array of in vitro techniques. These included cell transfection with miR‐200b mimic or inhibitor, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual‐luciferase reporter (DLR) assays, quantitative PCR, Western blotting, MTT and particularly, wound healing assays. The research highlighted the role of miR‐200b in wound healing within OC. Inhibition of miR‐200b in A2780 cells and its mimic in A2780/DDP cells affected cell viability, indicating the link with DDP resistance. Crucially, miR‐200b mimic significantly delayed fibroblast‐mediated wound closure in assays, underscoring its impact on wound healing. Bioinformatics analysis and subsequent DLR assays confirmed miR‐200b's interaction with DNMT3A, affecting TGF‐β1 expression, the key factor in wound repair. Further, ChIP, quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses validated the interaction and expression changes in DNMT3A and TGF‐β1. The study demonstrated that miR‐200b played a pivotal role in OC by modulating autophagy, which in turn significantly affected wound healing through the DNMT3A/TGF‐β1 pathway.
Internal governance and corporate social responsibility performance
Authors: Chen Wanyu (Tina) , Zhang Janus Jian , Zhou Gaoguang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInternal governance is the process by which vice presidents (VPs) use their influence with the chief executive officer (CEO) to impact the firm's direction and policy. This study examines the effect of internal governance on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Based on a large sample of US firms and after controlling for various CEO incentives, corporate governance and other determinants of CSR performance, we find that more effective internal governance is associated with a better CSR performance. These results are robust to alternative internal governance and CSR measures, alternative samples and various approaches that mitigate potential endogeneity problems. Further analysis shows that the effect of internal governance on CSR performance is more pronounced when (a) the CEO is subject to more intensive monitoring, (b) VPs are more powerful, (c) firms experience less short‐term financial performance pressure and (d) they face stronger product market competition. This study advances our understanding of corporate governance's effect on CSR by showing the importance of internal governance.
Towards causal relationships for modelling species distribution
Authors: Da Re Daniele , Tordoni Enrico , Lenoir Jonathan , Rubin Sergio , Vanwambeke Sophie O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding the processes underlying the distribution of species through space and time is fundamental in several research fields spanning from ecology to spatial epidemiology. Correlative species distribution models rely on the niche concept to infer or explain the distribution of species, though often focusing only on the abiotic component of the niche (e.g. temperature, precipitation), without clear causal links to the biology of the species under investigation. This might result in an oversimplification of the complex niche hypervolume, resulting in a single model formula whose estimates and predictions lack ecological realism.LocationNot applicable.Time PeriodNot applicable.Major Taxa StudiedVirtual species.Materials and MethodsWe believe that a causal perspective associated with a finer definition of the modelling target is necessary to develop more ecologically realistic outputs. Here, we propose to infer the geographical distribution of a species by applying the modelling relation approach, a causal conceptual framework developed by the theoretical biologist Robert Rosen, which can be formalized through structural equation modelling.ResultsOur findings suggest that building a model relying on a strong conceptual basis improves the stability of the estimated model's coefficients, without necessarily increasing the predictive accuracy metrics of the model.Main ConclusionsIncluding causal processes underlying the spatial distribution of species into an inferential formal system highlights the methodological steps where uncertainty can arise and results in model outputs which are tightly linked to the ecology of the target species.
Dietary inflammatory index in relation to salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Syrjäläinen Sanna , Männistö Satu , Könönen Eija , Pussinen Pirkko , Gürsoy Mervi , Suominen Anna Liisa , Jousilahti Pekka , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis after controlling for body mass index (BMI), socio‐demographic factors and lifestyle.Materials and MethodsSubgroups from two Finnish surveys, DILGOM 2007 and Health 2000, were included (total n = 727). The DII scores were calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal status was assessed with a cumulative risk score in DILGOM 2007 and by pocket depth measurement in Health 2000. From saliva, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐1 receptor antagonist, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α concentrations were measured.ResultsThe DII scores did not differ between non‐periodontitis and periodontitis participants in pairwise comparison. After adjusting for energy intake, periodontal status, BMI, age, education level, smoking habit and physical activity, DII was not associated with salivary cytokine concentrations. After adjusting for salivary cytokine levels and other confounding factors, DII was associated with periodontitis in the Health 2000 subgroup but not in the DILGOM 2007 subgroup.ConclusionsThe current data support the evidence that diet is not associated with salivary cytokine levels but may be associated with periodontitis. The association observed between diet and periodontitis is related to factors other than diet‐dependent inflammatory tendency in the oral cavity.
Evaluating the factors influencing sun protection factors (SPF): Pooling data from multiple studies involving two reference ISO 24444:2019 sunscreen products (P2 and P8)
Authors: Granger Corinne , Trullàs Carles , Sokeechand Nusayha Bibi , Jourdan Eric , Krutmann Jean , Francois‐Newton Veronique , Hosenally Muzzammil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundStandardized methods for sun protection factor (SPF) testing are still beset with endpoint and method‐driven issues, and can be influenced by multiple factors. The purpose of this analysis is to explore the factors influencing the results of sun protection factor (SPF) testing in human subjects according to the ISO 24444:2019 standard. Intrinsic factors, such as baseline skin color, age and gender, the minimal erythemal dose on an unprotected area (MEDu), as well as environmental factors such as season/weather influences, are considered for analysis.MethodsDatasets generated for two reference products (P2 and P8) during the conduct of 50 such studies using the ISO standard 24444:2019 for the testing of SPF products, from a single testing center located in Bucharest, Romania between April 2021 and December 2022, were retrieved and compiled. Overall, the data for 334 subjects was available, with 276 observations for the reference P8, and 171 for P2.ResultsNo effects due to gender or age were detected. Seasonal changes, the individual typology angle (ITA°) and MEDu were found to have an influence on the outcome of the SPF values.ConclusionsThis study adds new original data about the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on SPF variations pertaining to ISO reference sunscreen P8 (SPF 50+). The findings suggest that some factors will inevitably impact the results between two SPF experiments for the same product and SPF testing laboratory. The interconnections between the sources of this variation are discussed. The findings of this research help to identify and characterize factors that contribute to SPF testing variability.
A narrative review of the impact of ultraviolet radiation and sunscreen on the skin microbiome
Authors: Grant Garett J. , Kohli Indermeet , Mohammad Tasneem F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe human skin microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem that plays an important role in skin health. The skin microbiome has been implicated in numerous diseases, and our knowledge surrounding it continues to evolve. A better understanding of the interactions between the environment and the skin microbiome will lead to improvements in skin health.MethodsThis article reviews the published literature surrounding the impact of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and sunscreen on the skin microbiome.ResultsSkin microbes are differentially impacted by UVR, and alterations in the microbiome can be detected following UVR exposure. These changes are related to direct bactericidal effects, alterations in the cutaneous metabolome, and changes in the cutaneous immune system. UV filters used in sunscreen have been shown to have bactericidal effects, and many compounds used in sunscreen emulsions can also negatively impact cutaneous microbes.ConclusionA healthy microbiome has been shown to produce compounds that help protect the skin from UVR, and sunscreen has the potential to reduce the diversity of the skin microbiome. This indicates that designing sunscreen products that both provide protection against UVR and preserve the skin microbiome may offer additional benefits to skin health when compared with traditional sunscreen products.
Abstraction and grounding
Authors: deRosset Louis , Linnebo Øystein 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe idea that some objects are metaphysically “cheap” has wide appeal. An influential version of the idea builds on abstractionist views in the philosophy of mathematics, on which numbers and other mathematical objects are abstracted from other phenomena. For example, Hume's Principle states that two collections have the same number just in case they are equinumerous, in the sense that they can be correlated one‐to‐one:

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The principal aim of this article is to use the notion of grounding to develop this sort of abstractionism. The appeal to grounding enables a unified response to the two main challenges that confront abstractionism. First, we must explicate the metaphor of metaphysical “cheapness.” Second, we must rebut the “bad company” objection, which rejects abstraction principles like (HP) as tarnished by their similarity to inconsistent principles like Frege's Basic Law V. By enforcing a simple requirement that all abstraction be properly grounded, we propose a unified solution to these two hard, and prima facie unrelated, problems. On our view, grounded abstraction simultaneously ensures “cheap” abstracta and permissible abstraction.
Implementation arrangements for research and innovation policies in the Italian, Spanish, French, and German national recovery plan: A comparative analysis of emerging challenges for multi‐level governance
Authors: Ottone Valentina , Barbieri Michele 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe crisis triggered by the Covid‐19 pandemic has challenged the socioeconomic systems of all European member states. To reduce the severe impact of the pandemic, the European Union has established a common fund for European states, launching therefore a social‐economic recovery process. This fund was granted upon the submission of a programmatic plan of targets to be pursued within certain deadlines, appropriately assessed by the European Commission. Although the European Commission provided general guidelines for the elaboration of plans and the constitution of the multi‐level governance of national recovery plans, each country followed its own institutional, political, economic, and social context. Thus, this article investigates the influencing factors on the implementation arrangements of research and innovation policies in four different contexts, geographically, historically, economically, and administratively, such as Italy and Spain as representatives of the Mediterranean model; France and Germany as representatives of the continental model. Findings confirm two main key factors, enriching the reference literature on implementation arrangements of public policies. Firstly, the actors' ability to join together in synergetic and cooperative networks is oriented towards achieving common goals. The second is the policy legacy, which still anchors actors in path dependencies, thus complicating their path diversion.
Ahí se apuesta la vida. The emergence of impersonal interpretations in Spanish*
Authors: Maldonado Ricardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the range of uses associated with se constructions in Mexican Spanish. The validity of treating most se constructions as passives is under scrutiny. In contrast, a model to analyze the emergence of an important variety of impersonal interpretations is proposed. Arbitrary and quasi‐universal construals conform the base for finer interpretations for se constructions. In agreement with a usage‐based model, passive, impersonal and middle constructions are evaluated against four different genres which presumably determine the choice of se constructions for specific communicative necessities. While impersonal se constructions characterize journalistic writing and formal oral usage, middle se constructions are dominant in oral informal genres. Further specialization for impersonal se constructions, such as rules, norms, performative and arbitrary constructions are identified as a result of particular contexts determinacies.