bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of clinical and microbiological parameters for the treatment outcome of scaling and root planing
Authors: Brochut P. F. , Marin I. , Baehni P. , Mombelli A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: To compare the clinical and microbiological outcome of non‐surgical periodontal therapy after 6 months with data obtained after hygienic phase or 6 weeks after completion of non‐surgical therapy, in order to evaluate the value of clinical and microbiological parameters to predict treatment success.Material and Methods: Clinical and microbiological data were available from 271 sites in 10 systemically healthy non‐smokers with moderate‐to‐advanced chronic periodontal disease (24–32 sites per individual). Subgingival plaque samples were tested for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola using RNA probes.Results: Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant impact of the number of sites with visible plaque index >1 after hygienic phase on the bleeding tendency of a subject at month 6 (p<0.01). Furthermore, an association could be demonstrated between the number of residual pockets (PD>3 mm) 6 months after therapy and the number of bleeding sites and suppurating sites after hygienic phase (p=0.016). Six weeks after therapy, the mean total bacterial loads had a significant impact on the bleeding tendency of a subject at month 6 (p<0.01). Although the average numbers of sites with persisting P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythensis and T. denticola seemed to be very similar 6 weeks and 6 months after therapy, large variations were noted between subjects, and therefore the microbiological status of a subject at week 6 could not predict the status at month 6.Conclusions: The present study showed a limited potential of microbiological tests, performed after hygienic phase or shortly after non‐surgical periodontal therapy, to predict the clinical outcome 6 months later, but confirmed the importance of an establishment of perfect oral hygiene before non‐surgical therapy.
Bacteraemia following periodontal procedures
Authors: Kinane Denis F. , Riggio Marcello P. , Walker Katie F. , MacKenzie Duncan , Shearer Barbara 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIntroduction: Transient bacteraemias are frequently detected following dental manipulation. Infective endocarditis (IE) can arise in susceptible individuals and antibiotic prophylaxis is routinely performed for certain procedures considered to be “at risk” of IE. Evidence is emerging that periodontal disease may be a significant risk factor for the development of certain systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. These systemic conditions could be initiated or detrimentally influenced by the repeated entry of bacteria into the bloodstream.Materials and Methods: The present study comprised a single blind parallel study of 2 weeks duration. A baseline blood sample was obtained from 30 volunteers with untreated periodontal disease following which a periodontal probing depth chart was collected. A further blood sample was taken following this procedure, and each subject was recalled 2 weeks later. A blood sample was collected, the subject carried out toothbrushing and a further blood sample taken. Full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling was then performed and a final blood sample taken. Blood samples were analysed for bacteraemia using conventional microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal bacterial primers that target the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the vast majority of bacteria.Results: Using culture methods, the incidence of bacteraemias was as follows: following ultrasonic scaling (13%), periodontal probing (20%) and toothbrushing (3%). PCR analysis revealed bacteraemia incidences following ultrasonic scaling, periodontal probing and toothbrushing of 23%, 16% and 13%, respectively.Conclusion: These findings suggest that detectable dental bacteraemias induced by periodontal procedures are at a lower level than previously reported.
Bone height changes in individuals with periodontal disease: a 17‐year prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Airila‐Månsson Stella , Söder Birgitta , Klinge Björn 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to analyse changes in bone height after 17 years in smokers and non‐smokers with periodontal disease, and to compare these with clinical assessment outcome.Material and Methods: Participants comprised 50 adults with periodontitis and 18 healthy controls from a randomly selected epidemiological sample. Their mean age at the end of the study was 54.2 (SD±3.09) years. The study included radiographic analysis compared with clinical data.Results: The periodontitis group had significantly (p<0.001) higher values than their healthy counterparts for plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) at baseline and after 17 years. At the end of the follow‐up, never‐smokers with periodontitis had higher values for PLI (p<0.05) and ex‐smokers and smokers had higher GI and BOP (p<0.001) than the controls. In all individuals with periodontitis, maxillary molars were most affected. Smokers had more severe marginal bone loss over time. Vertical bone defects were more often seen on the mesial side of teeth (p<0.05).Conclusion: Marginal bone level in this prospective study did reveal tooth groups at higher risk for progression of periodontal disease.
The short‐term effects of low‐level lasers as adjunct therapy in the treatment of periodontal inflammation
Authors: Qadri T. , Miranda L. , Tunér J. , Gustafsson A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this split‐mouth, double‐blind controlled clinical trial was to study the effects of irradiation with low‐level lasers as an adjunctive treatment of inflamed gingival tissue.Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with moderate periodontitis were included. After clinical examination, all teeth were scaled and root planed (SRP). One week after SRP, we took samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque. The laser therapy was started 1 week later and continued once a week for 6 weeks. One side of the upper jaw was treated with active laser and the other with a placebo. The test side was treated with two low‐level lasers having wavelengths of 635 and 830 nm. The patients then underwent another clinical examination with sampling of GCF and plaque. The GCF samples were analysed for elastase activity, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8). We examined the subgingival plaque for 12 bacteria using DNA probes.Results: The clinical variables i.e. probing pocket depth, plaque and gingival indices were reduced more on the laser side than on the placebo one (p<0.01). The decrease in GCF volume was also greater on the laser side, 0, 12 μl, than on the placebo side, 0.05 μl (p=0.01). The total amount of MMP‐8 increased on the placebo side but was slightly lower on the laser side (p=0.052). Elastase activity, IL‐1β concentration and the microbiological analyses showed no significant differences between the laser and placebo sides.Conclusion: Additional treatment with low‐level lasers reduced periodontal gingival inflammation.
The effect of a dentifrice and mouth rinse combination containing amine fluoride/stannous fluoride on plaque and gingivitis: a 6‐month field study
Authors: Paraskevas S. , Versteeg P. A. , Timmerman M. F. , Van der Velden U. , Van der Weijden G. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim: To examine the effect of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2)‐containing dentifrice and mouth rinse on plaque formation and gingivitis as compared with habitual oral hygiene procedures with a regular sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice.Material and Methods: In total, 22 general practices participated in this research project. The participants (N=281) were randomly assigned into two groups: the test group received an AmF/SnF2 dentifrice–mouth rinse combination and the control group received a NaF‐containing dentifrice. The patients were requested to brush twice daily for approximately 2 min. The subjects of the test group had to rinse additionally in the evening for 30 s with 10 ml of the mouth rinse.Results: Both groups started with comparable scores of plaque, bleeding and staining. At 6 months, the plaque scores were 0.95 for the AmF/SnF2 group and 0.99 for the NaF group (decrease of 16% and 10%, respectively). Bleeding scores, although significantly different from baseline, did not show differences between the two regimes. At the end of the experimental period, the overall staining was more pronounced in the AmF/SnF2 group (41%) than the NaF group (26%). Both plaque reduction and increase in staining seemed to be correlated to the amount of mouth rinse used in the test group.Conclusion: In instruction‐resistant patients recruited from dental practices, the combined use of AmF/SnF2 did not decrease gingivitis at a significant level in comparison with the regular regime of two times daily brushing with an NaF‐containing dentifrice. However, the above‐mentioned combination resulted in greater plaque reduction than that observed with the use of the conventional dentifrice. When used according to the manufacturer's instructions, this effect on plaque scores was more pronounced.
Long‐term effect of smoking on vertical periodontal bone loss
Authors: Baljoon Mostafa , Natto Suzan , Bergström Jan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of smoking on vertical periodontal bone loss over 10 years.Material and Methods: The study base consisted of a population that was examined on two occasions with a 10‐year interval, including 91 individuals, 24 smokers, 24 former smokers, and 43 non‐smokers. The assessment of vertical bone loss was based on full sets of intra‐oral radiographs from both time points. The severity of vertical bone loss was expressed as the proportion of proximal sites with vertical defects per personResults: The 10‐year increase in the proportion of vertical defects was statistically significant in all groups (p<0.001) and, in addition, significantly associated with smoking (p<0.05). In particular, the difference between smokers and non‐smokers was significant (p<0.01) whereas former smokers did not differ from non‐smokers. Moreover, the 10‐year vertical bone loss was significantly greater in heavy exposure smokers than in light exposure smokers suggesting an exposure‐response effect (p<0.01). Compared with non‐smokers the unadjusted 10‐year relative risk was 2.3‐fold increased in light exposure smokers and 5.3‐fold increased in heavy exposure smokers (p<0.05).Conclusions: The present observations indicate a significant long‐term influence of smoking on vertical periodontal bone loss, yielding additional evidence that smoking is a risk factor for periodontal bone loss.
Re‐treatment profiles during long‐term maintenance therapy in a periodontal practice in Norway
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: Periodontal therapy coupled with active maintenance has been shown to be effective in maintaining periodontal health, however, the question of re‐treatment is rarely alluded to in the literature.Aim: To quantify the type and extent of re‐treatment in a group of patients who had completed a definitive course of periodontal treatment in a Norwegian specialist periodontal practice. The study also investigated factors associated with the provision of periodontal surgery as a re‐treatment modality.Methods: A consecutive group of patients who had comprehensive periodontal treatment, which included periodontal surgery, and were subsequently maintained for between 10 and 17 years were studied.Results: One hundred and one patients with an average age at reassessment of 59.4 (standard deviation (SD) 9.0) years were studied. The average length of the review period was 13.1 (SD 1.9) years. In addition to routine maintenance, 50 patients had further re‐treatment and 40 of those who were re‐treated had periodontal surgery in the study period. Logistic regression showed that independent predictors of surgical re‐treatment, with the effects adjusted for other variables in the model, were uncertain or poor prognosis at baseline, erratic or poor post baseline compliance and a family history of periodontal disease.Conclusion: Considerable amounts of re‐treatment, including in many cases extensive non‐surgical treatment or periodontal surgery, were provided for patients who had surgical periodontal treatment and were subsequently maintained for least 10 years in a specialist periodontal practice.
“She's sort of dragging me into the story!” Student teachers' experiences of reading aloud in Key Stage 2 classes
Authors: Collins Fiona M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article explores the place of the class novel within the current primary curriculum. It begins with an overview of past and current thinking about reading aloud to older primary‐age children. The discussion then moves on to describing research carried out with 43 primary postgraduate student teachers, which aimed to investigate the students' school experiences of observing reading aloud and working on whole narrative texts. Lastly, the article focuses on how the findings influenced changes made to a postgraduate primary course in order to support and develop students' understanding of the role that reading aloud plays in developing children's critical understanding of story.
Baby Bear or Mrs Bear? Young English Bengali‐speaking children's responses to narrative picture books at school
Authors: Colledge Marion 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article presents findings from a one‐year study of several Bengali‐speaking children aged 5–6 years, in their first year of the English school system. The investigation centres on exploration of the children's responses, principally to the visual text, of a selection of narrative picture books used in their school. The aim was to collect children's responses to characters and visual features, and to see what narratives the children made from the picture books. The children, some of whom were relatively experienced viewers and narrators of picture‐book stories, produced varied responses to character and décor. The article suggests that the books formed a bridge between the known and the culturally unfamiliar, giving the children access to an understanding of scenes from types of homes other than their own. The author asserts the need to welcome children's versions of stories and their interpretation of pictures, and to allow them the opportunity to re‐read picture books many times.
Permutational Symmetry and Molecular Structure Calculations
Authors: Sutcliffe Brian 
Published: June 2005

In a paper published in 1985 (Katriel J., Paldus J., Pauncz R.: Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1985, 28, 181) Paldus and his colleagues considered explicit relations between the permutational symmetry and the spin operators for systems of identical particles. The principal concern of this paper was with particles for which σ = 1/2 but there is some consideration of the case of particles for which σ = 1. This latter consideration was developed by Katriel (Katriel J.: J. Mol. Struct. (THEOCHEM) 2001, 547, 1) in a paper honouring Prof. Paldus on the occasion of his 65th birthday. The present paper attempts a consideration of aspects of permutational symmetry, not explicitly considered in those two papers, as they affect the interpretation of the results of molecular structure calculations.
Improved lung preservation relates to an increase in tubular myelin-associated surfactant protein A
Authors: Fehrenbach Heinz , Tews Sebastian , Fehrenbach Antonia , Ochs Matthias , Wittwer Thorsten , Wahlers Thorsten , Richter Joachim 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
Declining levels of surfactant protein A (SP-A) after lung transplantation are suggested to indicate progression of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. We hypothesized that the previously described preservation-dependent improvement of alveolar surfactant integrity after IR was associated with alterations in intraalveolar SP-A levels.

Methods
Using immuno electron microscopy and design-based stereology, amount and distribution of SP-A, and of intracellular surfactant phospholipids (lamellar bodies) as well as infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and alveolar macrophages were evaluated in rat lungs after IR and preservation with EuroCollins or Celsior.

Results
After IR, labelling of tubular myelin for intraalveolar SP-A was significantly increased. In lungs preserved with EuroCollins, the total amount of intracellular surfactant phospholipid was reduced, and infiltration by PMNs and alveolar macrophages was significantly increased. With Celsior no changes in infiltration or intracellular surfactant phospholipid amount occurred. Here, an increase in the number of lamellar bodies per cell was associated with a shift towards smaller lamellar bodies. This accounts for preservation-dependent changes in the balance between surfactant phospholipid secretion and synthesis as well as in inflammatory cell infiltration.

Conclusion
We suggest that enhanced release of surfactant phospholipids and SP-A represents an early protective response that compensates in part for the inactivation of intraalveolar surfactant in the early phase of IR injury. This beneficial effect can be supported by adequate lung preservation, as e.g. with Celsior, maintaining surfactant integrity and reducing inflammation, either directly (via antioxidants) or indirectly (via improved surfactant integrity).
Effective ambiguity checking in biosequence analysis
Authors: Reeder Janina , Steffen Peter , Giegerich Robert 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
Ambiguity is a problem in biosequence analysis that arises in various analysis tasks solved via dynamic programming, and in particular, in the modeling of families of RNA secondary structures with stochastic context free grammars. Several types of analysis are invalidated by the presence of ambiguity. As this problem inherits undecidability (as we show here) from the namely problem for context free languages, there is no complete algorithmic solution to the problem of ambiguity checking.

Results
We explain frequently observed sources of ambiguity, and show how to avoid them. We suggest four testing procedures that may help to detect ambiguity when present, including a just-in-time test that permits to work safely with a potentially ambiguous grammar. We introduce, for the special case of stochastic context free grammars and RNA structure modeling, an automated partial procedure for proving non-ambiguity. It is used to demonstrate non-ambiguity for several relevant grammars.

Conclusion
Our mechanical proof procedure and our testing methods provide a powerful arsenal of methods to ensure non-ambiguity.
Tools enabling the elucidation of molecular pathways active in human disease: Application to Hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Reiss David J , Avila-Campillo Iliana , Thorsson Vesteinn , Schwikowski Benno , Galitski Timothy 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
The extraction of biological knowledge from genome-scale data sets requires its analysis in the context of additional biological information. The importance of integrating experimental data sets with molecular interaction networks has been recognized and applied to the study of model organisms, but its systematic application to the study of human disease has lagged behind due to the lack of tools for performing such integration.

Results
We have developed techniques and software tools for simplifying and streamlining the process of integration of diverse experimental data types in molecular networks, as well as for the analysis of these networks. We applied these techniques to extract, from genomic expression data from Hepatitis C virus-infected liver tissue, potentially useful hypotheses related to the onset of this disease. Our integration of the expression data with large-scale molecular interaction networks and subsequent analyses identified molecular pathways that appear to be induced or repressed in the response to Hepatitis C viral infection.

Conclusion
The methods and tools we have implemented allow for the efficient dynamic integration and analysis of diverse data in a major human disease system. This integrated data set in turn enabled simple analyses to yield hypotheses related to the response to Hepatitis C viral infection.
Difference in trafficking of brain-derived neurotrophic factor between axons and dendrites of cortical neurons, revealed by live-cell imaging
Authors: Adachi Naoki , Kohara Keigo , Tsumoto Tadaharu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackgroundBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is sorted into a regulated secretory pathway of neurons, is supposed to act retrogradely through dendrites on presynaptic neurons or anterogradely through axons on postsynaptic neurons. Depending on which is the case, the pattern and direction of trafficking of BDNF in dendrites and axons are expected to be different. To address this issue, we analyzed movements of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged BDNF in axons and dendrites of living cortical neurons by time-lapse imaging. In part of the experiments, the expression of BDNF tagged with cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) was compared with that of nerve growth factor (NGF) tagged with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), to see whether fluorescent protein-tagged BDNF is expressed in a manner specific to this neurotrophin.ResultsWe found that BDNF tagged with GFP or CFP was expressed in a punctated manner in dendrites and axons in about two-thirds of neurons into which plasmid cDNAs had been injected, while NGF tagged with GFP or YFP was diffusely expressed even in dendrites in about 70% of the plasmid-injected neurons. In neurons in which BDNF-GFP was expressed as vesicular puncta in axons, 59 and 23% of the puncta were moving rapidly in the anterograde and retrograde directions, respectively. On the other hand, 64% of BDNF-GFP puncta in dendrites did not move at all or fluttered back and forth within a short distance. The rest of the puncta in dendrites were moving relatively smoothly in either direction, but their mean velocity of transport, 0.47 ± 0.23 (SD) μm/s, was slower than that of the moving puncta in axons (0.73 ± 0.26 μm/s).ConclusionThe present results show that the pattern and velocity of the trafficking of fluorescence protein-tagged BDNF are different between axons and dendrites, and suggest that the anterograde transport in axons may be the dominant stream of BDNF to release sites.