bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum cholesterol and depressive symptoms in elderly Finnish men
Authors: Äijänseppä Sinikka , Kivinen Paula , Helkala Eeva‐Liisa , Kivelä Sirkka‐Liisa , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Nissinen Aulikki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveEvidence from previous studies suggests that alterations in lipid levels may be associated with depression in old age. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between serum lipids and depressive symptoms in a population of elderly men.Subjects and methodsAltogether 470 men born between 1900 and 1919 were examined in the 30‐year follow‐up of the Seven Countries Study in 1989. Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale was used to determine the depressive status of the subjects. The depressive status was dichotomised and used as the dependent variable in the present study.ResultsThe depressive status was available for 421 men aged 70 to 89 years in 1989. The prevalence of depression, defined as the Zung sum score equal to or greater than 48, was 15.2% (n = 64). A low serum total cholesterol (odds ratio (OR) 0.67, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.48–0.94, p = 0.022) and low low density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.98, p = 0.041) were independently associated with depression. No association with depression was found for high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration or HDL/total cholesterol ratio after the adjustment for other putative correlates for depression.ConclusionsOur study of a well‐documented population of elderly Finnish men confirms that low total serum cholesterol is associated with a high amount of depressive symptoms independently of weight change or chronic disease. Our study is the first to show an independent association of low LDL‐cholesterol concentration with a high amount of depressive symptoms in the old–old. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple and convenient routes to new polyheterocycles incorporating pyrazole, thiazole, thiophene, and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole moieties
Authors: Kandeel Zaghloul E. , Dawood Kamal M. , Ragab Eman A. , Farag Ahmad M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cyanothioacetanilide derivative 3 reacted readily with either α‐halocarbonyl compounds 4 or α‐halodicarbonyl compounds 8 to afford the same thiophene derivatives 6. Compound 3 also reacted with hydrazonoyl chlorides 12 and 16 and furnished the new polyheterocyles 14 and 17, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:248–251, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10024
Estimating survival gain for economic evaluations with survival time as principal endpoint: A cost‐effectiveness analysis of adding early hormonal therapy to radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Neymark N. , Adriaenssen I. , Gorlia T. , Caleo S. , Bolla M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe problem of estimating expected outcomes for the economic evaluation of treatments for which the outcome of principal interest is (quality adjusted) survival time has so far not received sufficient attention in the literature. The best estimate of expected survival is mean survival time, but with censored survival data, the true survival time for all the subjects is not known, so the mean is not defined.A possible solution to this estimation problem is illustrated by a retrospective cost‐effectiveness analysis of the addition of hormonal therapy to standard radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. A recently proposed method is used to approach the problem caused by censored cost data, and the impact of uncertainty is assessed by bootstrap resampling techniques.Mean survival time is estimated by a restricted means analysis with the time point of restriction determined by statistical criteria. When average total costs and mean survival time is evaluated at this time point of restriction, the result is that the combined therapy (radiotherapy plus hormonal therapy) increases mean survival time by about 1 year, while reducing the costs per patient for the French health insurance system by 12 700 FF. The time point of restriction may also be determined by other criteria and mean survival time may be estimated by extrapolating the survival curves by means of various parametric survival distributions. We show that the exact results of the economic evaluation are decisively determined by the restriction time point chosen and the approach taken to estimate mean survival time. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphatic malformations of the head and neck: A retrospective review and a support for staging
Authors: Hamoir Marc , Plouin‐Gaudon Isabelle , Rombaux Philippe , Francois Genevieve , Cornu Anne‐Sophie , Desuter Gauthier , Clapuyt Philippe , Debauche Christian , Verellen Gaston , Beguin Claire 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundLymphatic malformations (LM) are rare benign congenital tumors appearing mainly in the head and neck with a considerably variable outcome. A need exists to validate a staging system, taking into account the prognosis of the malformation, including preoperative and postoperative complications, long‐term sequelae, and persistence of the disease to improve parental counseling and evaluate the outcome of a surgical treatment of such tumors.MethodsTwenty‐two patients treated for LM were selected from a series of 129 patients operated on for congenital malformations of the head and neck between 1986 and 1997 at St‐Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. Their charts were reviewed retrospectively, with a special focus on the anatomic location of the lesions and all the complications reported. According to de Serres et al, LM up to now have been divided into six possible categories according to their unilateral or bilateral infrahyoid and/or suprahyoid locations.ResultsStage I (unilateral infrahyoid): nine patients, 11% of complications (without mediastinal extension: 0%, with mediastinal extension: 50%); stage II (unilateral suprahyoid): three patients, 33% of complications; stage III (unilateral suprahyoid and infrahyoid): eight patients, 75% of complications; stage V (bilateral suprahyoid and infrahyoid): two patients, 100% of complications. None of the children was initially seen with stage IV (bilateral suprahyoid) or stage VI (bilateral infrahyoid) LM. Overall complications, preoperative complications, postoperative com‐ plications, and long‐term morbidity showed a significant in‐ crease from stage I to V (p < .01, p = .002, p = .02, and p = .03, respectively).ConclusionsA staging system of cervicofacial LM based on the anatomic location can be reliably used for prognostic purposes, allowing a more accurate assessment of the global risk of complications and determination of surgical outcome. Mediastinal extension in stage I patients seems to be associated with a higher rate of complications. Such information can be used to inform parents more appropriately regarding the management and long‐term prognosis of their children's malformation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 326–337, 2001.
A comparison of published head and neck stage groupings in carcinomas of the oral cavity
Authors: Groome Patti A. , Schulze Karleen , Boysen Morten , Hall Stephen F. , Mackillop William J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of T, N, and M classifications into stage groupings is meant to facilitate a number of activities, including the estimation of prognosis and the comparison of therapeutic interventions among similar groups of cases. We tested the UICC/AJCC 5th edition stage grouping and seven other TNM‐based groupings proposed for head and neck cancer for their ability to meet these expectations in a specific site: carcinomas of the oral cavity.MethodsWe defined four criteria to assess each grouping scheme: (1) the subgroups defined by T, N, and M that make up a given group within a grouping scheme have similar survival rates (hazard consistency); (2) the survival rates differ among the groups (hazard discrimination); (3) the prediction of cure is high (outcome prediction); and (4) the distribution of patients among the groups is balanced. We identified or derived a measure for each criterion, and the findings were summarized by use of a scoring system. The range of scores was from 0 (best) to 7 (worst). The data are population based from a prospectively gathered series in Southern Norway, with 556 patients diagnosed from 1983 through 1995. Clinical stage assignment was used, and the outcome of interest was cause‐specific survival.ResultsSummary scores across the eight schemes ranged from 1.66 for TANIS‐3 to 6.50 for UICC/AJCC‐5. The TANIS‐7 staging scheme performed best on the hazard consistency criterion. The Kiricuta scheme performed best on the hazard discrimination criterion. Synderman predicted outcome best overall and Berg produced the most balanced distribution of cases among its groups.ConclusionsUICC/AJCC stage groupings were defined without empirical investigation. When tested, this scheme did not perform as well as any of seven empirically derived schemes we evaluated. Our results suggest that the usefulness of the TNM system could be enhanced by optimizing the design of stage groupings through empirical investigation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 613–624, 2001.
Accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation for advanced head and neck cancer: Effect of shortening the median treatment duration by 13 days
Authors: Leborgne Felix , Leborgne José H. , Fowler Jack , Zubizarreta Eduardo , Mezzera Julieta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and PurposeOptimal treatment duration of altered fractionation schedules in head and neck cancer is still undefined. A retrospective study on local tumor control, survival, and complications of accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation in head and neck cancer was undertaken to investigate whether there was an advantage in further shortening overall time from 6.5 weeks.MethodsFour hundred nineteen consecutive male patients treated with radiation alone for cure 1987–1998 were analyzed. Patients with stage I, or treated also with brachytherapy implants or chemotherapy, were excluded. Treatment with accelerated hyperfractionation was performed twice daily, at a median of 1.6 Gy/fraction, to a total median dose of 68 Gy in 39 days. The patient population was divided into two groups: those with ≤39 days overall treatment time (group A,n= 227; median, 33 days) and those with >39 days (group B,n= 192; median, 46 days). Group A received a significant median tumor dose reduction of 7% compared with group B.ResultsThe 7‐year actuarial local control (LC) rates were 59% and 48% for groups A and B, respectively (p= .02). The actuarial LC rates for T1–2 patients were 79% and 74% at 7 years for groups A and B, respectively (p= NS). Similarly, for T3–4 patients, they were 47% and 35% (p= .02), respectively. The 7‐year actuarial disease‐free survival (DFS) rates for groups A and B were 39% and 26% (p= .01), respectively. For stage II patients, DFS was 62% and 60% at 7 years (p= NS) for groups A and B, respectively. And similarly, for stage III–IV patients, DFS was 33% and 20% (p= .04), respectively, at 7 years. LC and DFS rates at 7 years for T4 and stage IV patients, respectively, were significantly improved in group A. Cox regression analyses for LC showed that both T stage and overall time were significant prognostic factors. Similarly, UICC clinical stage and overall time were significant prognostic factors for DFS. There was no difference in acute morbidity between the two groups: 3% of patients in both groups required tube or parenteral feeding. The 7‐year actuarial probability of RTOG/EORTC grades 3–5 late effects was 15% and 13%, respectively, for each group (p= NS).ConclusionsThis study, with the limitations of a retrospective study, has shown a significant improvement in local tumor control and disease‐free survival, in patients treated with shorter overall treatment times (median, 33 days) with an accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation schedule compared with those treated with a median duration of 46 days. No significant enhancement of acute reactions and late morbidity were observed with the shorter schedule. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 661–668, 2001.
Leadership styles and work‐related values of managers and employees of manufacturing enterprises in post‐communist countries
Authors: Ardichvili Alexander 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis survey‐based study used the theoretical framework of full‐range leadership developed by Bass and Avolio, the cultural value framework of Hofstede, and two additional cultural value dimensions—fatalism and paternalism—to compare leadership styles and work‐related cultural values of more than 2,900 managers and employees in nine manufacturing firms in Russia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgystan. Significant differences among the four countries existed on several dimensions of cultural value and leadership style, as well as in cultural values between managers and nonmanagerial employees. This is one of the first studies to address cultural value dimensions in Georgia, Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic; the author draws inferences about the relationship between culture and leadership and discusses implications of this relationship for HRD practices in the former USSR. The author presents implications for Western HRD practitioners working with managers and employees from the former USSR.
Divergence or convergence: a cross‐national comparison of personnel selection practices
Authors: Huo Y. Paul , Huang Heh Jason , Napier Nancy K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStriking a balance between globalization and localization in human resource management (HRM) requires
a better understanding of the cross‐national differences in terms of both the status quo and the socially
desirable HRM practices. With this purpose in mind, we examined the hiring practices in ten different countries or
regions using the Best International Human Resource Management Practices Survey (BIHRMPS). Our empirical
findings revealed more divergence than convergence in current recruiting practices, but they also suggest that
organizations around the world are indeed in the process of converging on ways of recruitment even though the
current selection criteria may still be driven by each country's prevalent cultural values. © 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Strength and persistence of fire‐induced soil hydrophobicity under ponderosa and lodgepole pine, Colorado Front Range
Authors: Huffman Edward L. , MacDonald Lee H. , Stednick John D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFire‐induced soil hydrophobicity is presumed to be a primary cause of the observed post‐fire increases in runoff and erosion from forested watersheds in the Colorado Front Range, but the presence and persistence of hydrophobic conditions has not been rigorously evaluated. Hence the goals of this study were to: (1) assess natural and fire‐induced soil hydrophobicity in the Colorado Front Range, and (2) determine the effect of burn severity, soil texture, vegetation type, soil moisture, and time since burning on soil hydrophobicity.Five wild and prescribed fires ranging in age from 0 to 22 months were studied. Each fire had four study sites in ponderosa pine forests that had been burned at high, moderate, or low severity, and three sites were in unburned areas. Additional sites were established in lodgepole pine stands and an area with unusually coarse‐textured soils. At each site the soil hydrophobicity was assessed in two pits using the water drop penetration time (WDPT) and the critical surface tension (CST). Measurements were made at the mineral soil surface and depths of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 cm.In sites burned at moderate or high severity the soils were often strongly hydrophobic at 0, 3, and 6 cm. Unburned sites or sites burned at low severity were typically hydrophobic only at the surface. Although soil hydrophobicity generally strengthened with increasing burn severity, statistically significant differences in soil hydrophobicity were difficult to detect because of the high variability within and between sites. Hydrophobicity also increased with increasing percent sand and was not present when soil moistures exceeded 12–25%. There were no significant differences in soil hydrophobicity between ponderosa and lodgepole pine stands, regardless of burn severity.Repeat measurements on one fire suggest a weakening of fire‐induced soil hydrophobicity after 3 months. Comparisons between fires suggest that fire‐induced soil hydrophobicity persists for at least 22 months. Overall, CST values were more consistent and more highly correlated with the independent variables than the WDPT, and the CST is recommended for assessing soil hydrophobicity rather than the more commonly used WDPT. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hormone receptors and proliferation in breast carcinomas of equivalent histologic grades in pre‐ and postmenopausal women
Authors: Talley Lynya I. , Grizzle William E. , Waterbor John W. , Brown David , Weiss Heidi , Frost Andra R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBreast cancers in younger, premenopausal women are more likely to exhibit an adverse prognostic profile (including negative steroid hormone receptors and a high rate of cellular proliferation) and poor outcome than breast cancers in postmenopausal women. It has been hypothesized that this adverse prognostic profile is a result of the higher histologic grade of breast cancers in pre‐ compared with post‐menopausal women. To assess the association of expression of steroid hormone receptors and indicators of proliferation while controlling for histologic grade, we identified 100 infiltrating ductal carcinomas from premenopausal women 45 years of age or younger and 100 from postmenopausal women 65 years of age or older. The carcinomas were selected so that the histologic grades (lowversushigh) were distributed equally between the 2 groups. Estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), p27Kip1and Ki‐67 (to measure rate of proliferation) were assessed by immunohistochemistry and compared between groups. Clinical information and survival data were also analyzed. ER content was lower and proliferation was higher in carcinomas in premenopausal women (p= 0.048 andp= 0.005, respectively). By univariate analysis, p27Kip1and PR were not different between the groups; however, in multivariate analysis, p27Kip1was higher in postmenopausal women, but only in a subgroup with highly proliferative carcinomas. Overall survival was similar in the pre‐ and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, low p27Kip1and African‐American ethnicity predicted a poorer overall survival in the premenopausal, but not in the postmenopausal, women in our study. After controlling for histologic grade, a lower expression of ER and a higher proliferative index were detected in breast carcinomas in premenopausal women. Therefore, some prognostic indicators, such as ER and proliferative rate, may be more closely associated with menopausal status than histologic grade. Our data also suggest that some prognostic factors are not equally effective as predictors of survival in pre‐ and postmenopausal women. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of tumor suppressor protein PTEN during renal carcinogenesis
Authors: Brenner Walburgis , Färber Gloria , Herget Thomas , Lehr Hans‐Anton , Hengstler Jan G. , Thüroff Joachim W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe tumor suppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10) encodes a dual specific protein and phospholipid phosphatase that affects cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. In our study, we examined protein expression of PTEN in renal carcinogenesis. PTEN protein levels were examined in 42 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) and oncocytomas as well as in the corresponding normal renal tissue of the same patients using Western blot analysis. Cellular localization was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PTEN was highly expressed in all investigated normal renal tissue specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis showed an almost exclusive staining of proximal tubulus epithelial cells known to be precursor cells of ccRCC. Within the proximal tubulus cells, PTEN exhibited a membrane predominant immunostaining pattern. In ccRCCs PTEN expression was markedly reduced to an average of less than 10% compared with normal tissue as evidenced by Western blot analysis (p < 0.001). The degree of reduction was similar in highly differentiated (G1) carcinomas and in less differentiated (G2–G4) carcinomas. These observations were reproduced by immunohistochemical studies, which revealed a loss of the characteristic membrane predominant immunostaining pattern in ccRCC. In contrast to the PTEN positive proximal tubulus epithelial cells, the distal tubulus epithelial cells, which are precursor cells of the benign oncocytomas, exhibited only a very weak PTEN expression. Compared with the distal tubulus epithelial cells, no downregulation of PTEN was seen in oncocytomas. We conclude that PTEN expression and PTEN membrane localization are lost during early renal cell carcinogenesis and may therefore be a valuable RCC tumor marker. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thymidine kinase in epithelial ovarian cancer: Relationship with the other pyrimidine pathway enzymes
Authors: Fujiwaki Ritsuto , Hata Kohkichi , Nakayama Kentaro , Moriyama Masashi , Iwanari Osamu , Katabuchi Hidetaka , Okamura Hitoshi , Sakai Eiichi , Miyazaki Kohji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTK is a pyrimidine metabolic pathway enzyme involved in salvage DNA synthesis. What roles TK may play in epithelial ovarian cancer and the relationships between TK and the other pyrimidine pathway enzymes remain unclear. We examined TK1 gene expression by RT‐PCR and related it to gene expression of TS, TP and DPD in 69 samples from epithelial ovarian cancer, 8 low‐malignant‐potential tumors, 16 benign ovarian tumors and 34 normal ovaries. Additionally, cytosolic and serum TK activities were determined by radioenzymatic assay. TK1 gene expression, the ratio of TK1 to TS gene expression, that of TK1 to TP and that of TK1 to DPD were significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer than in normal ovaries. In epithelial ovarian cancer, TK1 gene expression correlated with cytosolic and serum TK activities, TS and TP gene expression and the ratio of TP to DPD gene expression. Patients with high‐TK1 gene expression had a significantly poorer survival than those with low TK1 gene expression. Combined analysis demonstrated that the relative risk of cancer death for tumors with high TK1, high TS and high TP gene expression was greater than that for tumors with high TK1 gene expression alone. TK1 gene expression together with TS, TP and DPD gene expression may play important roles in influencing the malignant behavior of epithelial ovarian cancer. Combination therapy including TK inhibitor is a possible therapeutic intervention in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.