bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCF‐7/VDR: A new vitamin D resistant cell line
Authors: Hansen Christina Mørk , Rohde Lili , Madsen Mogens W. , Hansen Dann , Colston Kay W. , Pirianov Grisha , Holm Pernille Kaae , Binderup Lise 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated potent cell regulatory effects of vitamin D compounds in cancer cells. Moreover, a promising phase I study with the vitamin D analogue Seocalcitol (EB 1089) in patients with advanced breast and colon cancer has already been carried out and more clinical trials evaluating the clinical effectiveness of EB 1089 in other cancer types are in progress (Mørk Hansen et al. [2000a]). However, only little is known about the mechanisms underlying the actions of vitamin D or about the possible development of drug resistance in the patients. Therefore, in an attempt to gain more insight into these aspects, we have developed the MCF‐7/VDR cell line, a stable subclone of the human MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line, which is resistant to the growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducing effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3. Despite this characteristic, receptor studies on the VDR have clearly demonstrated that the MCF‐7/VDR cells contain fully functional VDRs, although in a lower number than seen with the parental MCF‐7 cells. The regulation of the 24‐hydroxylase enzyme appeared to be intact in the MCF‐7/VDR cells and no differences with regard to growth rate and morphological appearance between the MCF‐7/VDR cells and the parental MCF‐7 cells were observed. Interestingly, however, the sensitivity of the MCF‐7/VDR cells to the pure anti‐estrogen ICI 182,780 was found to be increased. The MCF‐7/VDR cell line shows characteristics different from those of previously described vitamin D resistant breast cancer cell lines but also some similarities. Together such vitamin D resistant cell lines therefore serve as a useful tool for studying the exact mechanism of action of vitamin D and the development of vitamin D resistance. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:422–436, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel role of extracellular carbon dioxide in lymphocyte proliferation in culture
Authors: Chakrabarti Ranjana , Chakrabarti Rabindranath 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCO2/HCO3− buffering system is indispensable to maintain the pH of culture media for long‐term cell culture. Now‐a‐days, the zwiterionic hydrogen buffer HEPES is widely used as an additional buffer in the commonly used culture media. There are reports on the successful use of HEPES‐buffered media, under CO2/HCO3− free conditions, for long‐term cell cultures. However, still CO2/HCO3− buffering system is widely used. We aimed at investigating the reason for this. We found that lymphocytes proliferate in response to concanavalin A only in HCO3−‐buffered medium in the presence of 5% CO2, but not in the HEPES‐buffered medium in the absence of CO2. However, lymphocyte proliferation was observed in HEPES‐buffered medium in the presence of 5% CO2 and in the absence of HCO3−. On the other hand, a low level proliferation was observed in HEPES‐buffered medium supplemented with HCO3− in the absence of CO2. Supplementation of the culture medium with TCA cycle intermediates and the precursors for the salvage pathway of nucleotide synthesis did not support the lymphocyte proliferation at all. Based on these findings and other reports, we suggest that extracellular CO2 plays a novel role in cell proliferation. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 200–203, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of human cytomegalovirus immediate‐early gene enhancer by mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase‐1
Authors: Sun Bin , Harrowe Greg , Reinhard Christoph , Yoshihara Corinne , Chu Keting , Zhuo Shaoqiu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe immediate‐early (IE) promoter of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) constitutes a primary genetic switch, which determines the progression of viral infection. Earlier reports by others have shown mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase‐1 (MEKK1) to be able to up‐regulate HCMV‐IE promoter through downstream mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. However, we noticed that the activation of the HCMV‐IE promoter by constitutively active MEKK1 (MEKK1‐TRU) might not be through the MAPK pathways. Using a HCMV‐IE enhancer/promoter (− 522 to + 72) driving a luciferase reporter, we demonstrated that the downstream MAPK activation actually repressed the up‐regulation of the promoter by MEKK1 in CHO‐K1 and human 293 cells. We further found that the up‐regulation of HCMV‐IE promoter by MEKK1 could be in great extent suppressed by over‐expression of IκBα. Deletion of the NFκB/rel sites in the HCMV‐IE enhancer region by mutagenesis proportionally reduced the transcriptional activation by MEKK1‐TRU, whereas deletion of the ATF/CREB binding sites or cyclic AMP response elements (CRE) had no effects. Furthermore, the NFκB/rel deletion mutant also showed repression on the basic transcription activity of the HCMV‐IE promoter. Our results indicate that the NFκB/rel sites are not only responsible for the modulation of HCMV‐IE enhancer activity by MEKK1 but also control the basic transcription activity of the HCMV‐IE promoter. On the other hand, the four consensus CRE sites were found to have no function in the activation of the promoter by MEKK1. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 563–573, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear estrogen receptor II (nER‐II) is involved in the estrogen‐dependent ribonucleoprotein transport in the goat uterus: II. isolation and characterization of three small nuclear ribonucleoprotein proteins which bind to nER‐II
Authors: Sebastian Thomas , Thampan Raghava Varman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree proteins of a goat uterine small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) fraction, which bind to nuclear estrogen receptor‐II (nER‐II) have been isolated and purified. These are the p32, p55, and p60 of which p32 is the major nER‐II binding protein. Indirect evidence reveals that p32 binds to the nuclear export signal (NES) on the nER‐II. nER‐II is a snRNA binding protein while p32 does not bind to the RNA. nER‐II along with p32 and p55 form an effective Mg++ATPase complex, the activation of which appears to be the immediate reason behind the RNP exit from the nuclei following estradiol exposure. The three nER‐II binding proteins bind to the nuclear pore complex; nER‐II does not possess this property. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 227–236, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of the parallelization approach of d2_cluster for high‐performance sequence clustering
Authors: Carpenter John E. , Christoffels Alan , Weinbach Yael , Hide Winston A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe exponential increase in expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence data amplifies the computational cost of clustering sequences such that new algorithms are required to analyze data at a greater rate. We have parallelized d2_cluster on a SGI Origin 2000 multiprocessor and observed a speedup of approximately 100× on 126 processors when processing a 15,876 EST dataset. The parallelized d2_cluster code is obtainable from the SANBI website (http://www.sanbi.ac.za/CODES). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 755–757, 2002
Theoretical studies on a possible synthesis reaction pathway on N8 (CS) clusters
Authors: Jie Wang Li , Li Se , Li Qian Shu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe potential energy surfaces of N8 clusters were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and a possible synthesis reaction pathway for N8 (CS) was suggested. The species involved were fully optimized up to the B3LYP/6‐311+G* level of theory. Relative energies were further calculated at the QCISD/6‐311+G*//B3LYP/6‐311+G* level. The reaction rate constants of these steps from the 1 (N5+N3−, complex, CS) to 2 (N8, CS), 2 (N8, CS) to 3 (N8, CS), 3 (N8, CS) to 4 (N8, D2d), and 4 (N8, D2d) to 5 (N8, CS) reactions were predicted by the VTST theory. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1334–1339, 2001
Efficient exploration of conformational space using the stochastic search method: application to β‐peptide oligomers
Authors: Chandrasekhar Jayaraman , Saunders Martin , Jorgensen William L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn efficient and general strategy for the determination of all low‐energy minima of a molecule, viz., the stochastic conformational jump procedure, has been implemented in the BOSS package. In this method, a new structure is generated by random movement (“kick”) of individual atoms with a predefined maximum displacement, and the resultant geometry is optimized. Using the OPLS‐AA force field, two series of oligomers of β‐amino acids with methyl ester terminal groups have been chosen for detailed examination. Monomeric (S)‐3‐pyrrolidine‐3‐carboxylic acid (PCA) and (S)‐nipecotic acid (Nip) have 4 and 2 nearly equi‐energy conformers, respectively. The dimers and trimers have substantially larger number of low‐energy conformers within 1 kcal/mol of the global minimum. However, the low‐energy conformers of the tetramers can all be classified as belonging to a few distinct families, in terms of variations in total interatomic distances. Even in the absence of hydrogen bonding, the larger oligomers have two well‐defined conformers, a compact helical form, and an extended structure. The preferences for these forms are determined exclusively by intramolecular dipolar interactions and van der Waals' forces. These results are consistent with experimental CD spectral trends, which reveal sharp features only for the higher oligomers (n>3). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1646–1654, 2001
Accurate prediction of proton chemical shifts. I. Substituted aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Bing , Fleischer Ulrich , Hinton James F. , Pulay Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractForty‐five proton chemical shifts in 14 aromatic molecules have been calculated at several levels of theory: Hartree–Fock and density functional theory with several different basis sets, and also second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2) theory. To obtain consistent experimental data, the NMR spectra were remeasured on a 500 MHz spectrometer in CDCl3 solution. A set of 10 molecules without strong electron correlation effects was selected as the parametrization set. The calculated chemical shifts (relative to benzene) of 29 different protons in this set correlate very well with the experiment, and even better after linear regression. For this set, all methods perform roughly equally. The best agreement without linear regression is given by the B3LYP/TZVP method (rms deviation 0.060 ppm), although the best linear fit of the calculated shifts to experimental values is obtained for B3LYP/6‐311++G**, with an rms deviation of only 0.037 ppm. Somewhat larger deviations were obtained for the second test set of 4 more difficult molecules: nitrobenzene, azulene, salicylaldehyde, and o‐nitroaniline, characterized by strong electron correlation or resonance‐assisted intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The results show that it is possible, at a reasonable cost, to calculate relative proton shieldings in a similar chemical environment to high accuracy. Our ultimate goal is to use calculated proton shifts to obtain constraints for local conformations in proteins; this requires a predictive accuracy of 0.1–0.2 ppm. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1887–1895, 2001
Prescribing privileges: Grail for some practitioners, potential calamity for interprofessional collaboration in mental health
Authors: Bush John Winston 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe focus of this article is the probable consequences, in the event psychologists aggressively pursue prescription privileges (RxP), upon collaboration between psychologists and physicians. The case for RxP is briefly and critically summarized and the current state of collaboration between psychologists and medical professionals is reviewed. Data are presented from a recent small survey of clinical psychologists that support the following hypotheses: (1) psychiatrists and other medical professional receive a consequential volume of referrals from psychologists which would be diminished by RxP; (2) psychologists receive referrals for psychosocial services from medical professionals which would be diminished by RxP; (3) psychologists anticipate an adverse effect upon collaboration from RxP; and (4) contrary to some claims, psychologists are at best divided over RxP. Implications of these findings upon interprofessional collaboration are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 681–696, 2002.
The importance of parental support in the lives of gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals
Authors: Goldfried Marvin R. , Goldfried Anita P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article underscores the very important role that parental acceptance and support plays in furthering the psychological well‐being of gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals. Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG), an organization dedicated to this goal, has as its mission the support for family members, education of the public, and advocacy for equal rights for lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. By “coming out” themselves, straight parents and relatives—including those in the mental health field—not only can extend the support they offer to their gay/lesbian/bisexual children and relatives but also play a significant role in reducing the stigma of being gay, lesbian, or bisexual and in mainstreaming gay, lesbian, and bisexual issues. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 681–693, 2001.
Social phobia subtyping with the MMPI‐2
Authors: Levin Jennifer B. , Hermesh Haggai , Marom Sofi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present article examines the utility of the MMPI‐2 for the subtyping of social phobia (SP). Cluster analysis was conducted on the MMPI‐2 profiles of 109 patients with SP. Clusters were compared on demographic and clinical variables prior to treatment, as well as following completion of cognitive‐behavioral group therapy (CBGT). Three distinct clusters emerged. The first is characterized by an absence of significant scale elevations and appears to be consistent with the reported “circumscribed” subtype of SP. It is associated with a significantly later age at onset of SP, a higher proportion of married individuals, and lower scores on pretreatment clinical variables. Significant elevations on Scales 2 (Depression) and 7 (Psychasthenia) and moderately high scores on pretreatment clinical variables characterize the second cluster. The third cluster is characterized by significantly high elevations on Scales 8, 7, and 2, and the highest scores on pretreatment clinical variables. Patients from all three groups improved significantly following a course of CBGT. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1489–1502, 2001.
A gestalt‐experiential perspective on resistance
Authors: Engle David , Holiman Marjorie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe authors present background on the gestalt‐experiential understanding of resistance, conceptualized to be either resistance to awareness or resistance to contact. The authors discuss why they do not use the term resistance and describe the phenomena as a client's self‐protective attempt to avoid the anxiety necessitated by change. Such resistant behaviors occur outside a client's awareness and often result in an ambivalence or conflict about change. The authors also describe using in‐session experiments as a way to engage with the client in exploring such a state of ambivalence or conflict. Finally, they respond to the case studies presented elsewhere in this issue and propose intervention strategies consistent with the gestalt‐experiential perspective. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 175–183, 2002.
Inclusive community in a diverse world: Pursuing an elusive goal through narrative‐based dialogue
Authors: Rossing Boyd , Glowacki‐Dudka Michelle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHow can we create spaces for building relationships where people restore integrity and justice and create sustainable communities in the century ahead? This article explores the theoretical aspects of using narrative and dialogue in the process of community building and presents the results of a local experiment. Findings demonstrate the viability of this model, while experience in planning and conducting these dialogues reveals forces that emerge to shape the concept and practice and to take the effort in sometimes diverging directions. We explore two major tensions foreshadowed in theory and evident in our case. The first tension lies between a search for coherence in contemporary discourse and a postmodern distrust for the silencing of marginal voices when such coherence emerges. The second tension lies between viewing talk and action as integrally related in community building versus viewing talk and action in opposition: one promoting inclusion of diverse views, the other promoting cohesion and commitment. We conclude by highlighting the strengths of this model while acknowledging both limitations and alternative directions that may emerge. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cancer therapies: Basic and clinical perspectives in brain, prostate, and lung tumors: Naples, September, 24–27, 2000*
Authors: Giordano Giovan Giacomo , Muto Mario , Sigalotti Luca , Maio Michele 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA continuous flow of theoretical and practical information among basic research, diagnosis, and therapeutic innovation is a crucial process to achieve a timely and effective progress in defeating human cancer. According to this essential concept, the main objective of the Fourth Joint International Cancer Conference “Cancer Therapies: Basic and Clinical Perspectives in Brain, Prostate and Lung Cancer” has been of gathering together basic scientists and clinicians who represent scientific opinion leaders in their field, to present and discuss the most recent scientific achievements in basic and clinical perspectives, advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and molecular and cellular therapeutic approaches in brain, prostate, and lung cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PTHrP expression in chick sternal chondrocytes is regulated by TGF‐β through Smad‐mediated signaling
Authors: Pateder Dhruv B. , Ferguson Cristin M. , Ionescu Andreia M. , Schwarz Edward M. , Rosier Randy N. , Puzas J. Edward , O'Keefe Regis J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPTHrP regulates the rate of chondrocyte differentiation during endochondral bone formation. The expression of PTHrP and its regulation by TGF‐β, BMP‐2, and PTHrP was examined in upper sternal chondrocytes following 1, 3, and 5 days of continuous treatment. While TGF‐β stimulated the expression of PTHrP (5‐fold), PTHrP caused a slight inhibition, and BMP‐2 markedly inhibited PTHrP mRNA expression. The effect of these factors on PTHrP expression was not simply related to the maturational state of the cells, since BMP‐2 increased, while both PTHrP and TGF‐β decreased the expression of type X collagen. TGF‐β isoforms 1, 2, and 3 all stimulated PTHrP expression. Signaling events involved in the induction of PTHrP by TGF‐β were further evaluated in a PTHrP‐promoter CAT construct. The effect of TGF‐β, BMP‐2, and PTHrP on the PTHrP‐promoter paralleled their effects on mRNA expression, with TGF‐β significantly increasing CAT activity, BMP‐2 decreasing CAT activity, and PTHrP having a minimal effect. Co‐transfection of the TGF‐β signaling molecule, Smad 3, mimicked the effect of TGF‐β (induction of PTHrP promoter), while dominant negative Smad 3 inhibited the induction of the PTHrP promoter by TGF‐β. Furthermore, infection with a Smad 3‐expressing retrovirus mimicked the effects of exogenously added TGF‐β, and induced PTHrP mRNA expression in the infected chondrocyte culture. In contrast, a dominant negative Smad 3 completely inhibited PTHrP promoter stimulation by TGF‐β, but only partially blocked the effect of TGF‐β on PTHrP mRNA synthesis. These findings demonstrate that PTHrP is expressed in chondrocytes undergoing endochondral ossification, and show regulation, at least in part, by TGF‐β through Smad mediated signaling events. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of phosphoinositide 3OH‐kinase in autocrine transformation by PDGF‐BB*
Authors: Rosenmüller Tomas , Rydh Karin , Nånberg Eewa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhosphoinositide 3OH‐kinases (PI3K) are a family of lipid kinases that activates signalling pathways important for migration, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and cell survival. These processes are important hallmarks in transformation. We have evaluated the functional role of PI3K for development of a transformed morphology and migratory responses of murine fibroblasts (NIH/sis and COL1A1/NIH3T3 cell lines) stimulated in an autocrine fashion by constitutive expression of platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB). We show that prolonged treatment with the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002, induced a reversion of the transformed morphology, and prevented density‐independent growth and focus formation. Functional PI3K was also required for development of the transformed morphology of NIH/sis and COL1A1/NIH3T3. Furthermore, treatment with LY294002 completely perturbed random migration of the cells. In addition our data show that, in the signalling pathways downstream of PI3K, activation of the small GTPase Rac was a prerequisite for the transformation signal. Our data also indicate the presence of a suramin‐insensitive PI3K activity. Most likely this was due to the presence of a suramin‐insensitive intracellular PDGFR pool that allowed activation of PI3K located in intracellular compartments. In conclusion these data show that intact PI3K activity was required for the morphological alterations and the enhanced migratory response that are hallmarks for PDGF induced autocrine transformation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methanogenesis of black liquor in a two‐stage biphasic reactor system using an immobilized cell system
Authors: Grover Rajesh , Marwaha Satwinder S , Kennedy John F 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe methanogenesis of black liquor from pulp and paper mill was achieved using immobilized cell technology in a laboratory‐scale two‐stage reactor system run continuously for 340 days. The optimum organic loading rate for the anaerobic treatment of black liquor was 8.0 kgm−3d−1 at which the % COD removal, biogas production and methane content were 55%, 11 dm3d−1 and 71%, respectively. Organic loading rates above 8.0 kgm−3d−1 were observed to be toxic to the methanogenic bacteria and resulted in decreased methane content, biogas and COD removal. The applicability of the system to the large‐scale processing and treatment of paper mill liquid waste is discussed.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Studies on defluoridation of water by coal‐based sorbents
Authors: Sivasamy A , Singh Kunwar P , Mohan D , Maruthamuthu M 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDrinking water containing fluoride above a level of 1 mg dm−3 is considered to be unsafe for human consumption. Higher intake of fluoride can cause potential health hazards. The conventional processes of fluoride removal from water are ion exchange, reverse osmosis and electro‐dialysis. However, the utility of these processes has been limited due to their expensive operation and subsequent disposal problem of the waste brine generated. Defluoridation of water samples by coal‐based sorbents was studied at different adsorbent dosages. First‐order adsorption rate constants using the Lagergren equation, the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, film diffusion and pore diffusion coefficients have been evaluated for each system. The effect of pH on fluoride removal and the mechanism has also been discussed.Copyright © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry