bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Twin Cycle Hypothesis of type 2 diabetes aetiology: From concept to national NHS programme
Authors: Taylor Roy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of magnetic resonance methods for quantifying intra‐organ metabolites has permitted advances in the understanding of fasting and post‐prandial carbohydrate and lipid handling in people with and without type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance in the liver was shown to be related to excess intra‐organ fat and was able to be returned to normal by weight loss. The practical effect of having muscle insulin sensitivity in the lower part of the wide normal range resulted in the obligatory shunting of carbohydrates via de novo lipogenesis into saturated fat. These observations provided the basis for the Twin Cycle Hypothesis of the aetiology of type 2 diabetes. Subsequent studies on people with type 2 diabetes confirmed the postulated pathophysiological abnormalities and demonstrated their reversibility by dietary weight loss of 10–15 kg. Overall, the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms causing type 2 diabetes has bridged physiological and clinical perspectives. Large population‐based randomised controlled trials confirmed the practical clinical application of the method of achieving substantial weight loss, and an NHS programme is now in place offering potential remission to people within 6 years of diagnosis.
Safer Floors in Public Service Buildings Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Sarıışık Gencay , Çoşkun Gültekin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of different floor surfaces on slip safety in public service buildings (PSBs) with heavy pedestrian traffic. The K-means clustering method is used to classify various floor types and slip safety risks. The dynamic friction coefficient (DCOF) for floor coverings, such as natural stone, ceramic, laminate, and PVC, was measured in both dry and wet conditions across 30 public institutions. These measurements were obtained using the GMG 200 and WESSEX S885 Pendulum testers, providing a comprehensive assessment of the slip resistance of these surfaces. The machine learning models employed in the study were XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Classifier (SVC). The models were evaluated using fivefold cross-validation. The analysis revealed that the most significant parameter in DCOF predictions for the XGBoost model was environmental conditions (EC). Performance analysis showed that the SVC model achieved the highest F1 score (0.75 ± 0.01) and AUC value (0.83), outperforming the other models. Additionally, DCOF values from slip tests were grouped into five clusters using the K-means method, and a slip safety risk scale was developed. Statistically significant differences were observed in DCOF values based on usage areas, environmental conditions, test methods, and surface materials. For instance, hospital floors were found to be generally safe in dry conditions but posed a risk in wet conditions. Based on these findings, actionable safety measures were suggested, such as applying antislip coatings in high-risk areas, selecting flooring materials with higher DCOF values for moisture-prone environments, and implementing regular slip resistance testing to maintain safety standards. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that machine learning models can effectively assess the slip resistance of floor surfaces. The findings offer valuable guidance for construction industry professionals and researchers in improving safety measures and minimizing slip risks. Future research with larger datasets and diverse conditions could enhance the understanding of this issue and further improve model performance.
Influence of Physical Electrodeposition Attributes on Mechano-Tribo and Wettability Characteristics of Ni-Co Enhanced Nanocoating
Authors: John Aashish , Saeed Adil , Khan Zulfiqar Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The current work presents a systematic exploration of the pulse electrodeposition process for Ni-Co nanocoating, with a focus on the impact of varying duty cycles (20–100%) and current density (3–9 A/dm2). The work is marked by incremental changes in duty cycle and current density and employs state-of-the-art characterization techniques to analyze surface properties, mechanical strength, tribological behavior, and wettability. Ni-Co pulse electrodeposition at 20% duty cycle and 3 A/dm2 current density dominates with desired attributes for the electronics and aerospace sectors with improved mechano-tribo and contact angle properties. These coatings exhibited superior performance across all aspects that have been studied. The nanotribological experiments were conducted using a novel approach to look into the nanoscale tribological behaviors, thus setting a pioneering effort in this field. Reduction in grain size (∼57–83%) and enhancement in surface roughness (∼64–65%) were the crucial factors contributing to improved mechanical and tribological properties. The nanohardness of the coating increased to 4.36 GPa for the optimum coating, compared to other coatings with varying properties. Similar improvements were recorded in nanotribological properties, with an improvement of ∼30–70% for coatings at 20% duty cycle and 3 A/dm2. The synergetic effect of lower grain size, nanohardness, and surface roughness properties leads to an improved mechano-tribo coating. This advancement holds good potential for industrial applications where wear resistance and surface durability are critical. The optimal coating was analyzed by employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for chemical compositions of coatings, which confirms the formation of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide. This chemical insight adds a valuable layer of understanding, reinforcing the coatings' potential for corrosion resistance and other chemical interactions in a wide range of operation environments.
Improved Analytical Model for Mesh Stiffness of Helical Gears Considering the Relationship of Friction and Flash Temperature Under Steady Temperature Field
Authors: Zheng Jiayu , Qin Datong , Liu Changzhao , Lama Tasisa Chara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the transmission process, the thermal deformation of gears due to external factors, coupled with the thermal expansion of the tooth profile induced by flash temperature from surface friction, significantly impacts the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) characteristics. Therefore, this article proposes a novel analytical model for the TVMS of helical gears that considers these factors. In this model, the thermal deformation of the gear foundation under a bulk temperature field is first determined using the displacement method. Blok's theory is then applied to establish the relationship between tooth surface friction and flash temperature, leading to the derivation of the actual tooth profile expansion equation under steady-state conditions. After that, based on this equation and considering the friction force in tangential, radial, and axial directions, the gear tooth and foundation stiffness of helical gear in transverse and axial directions under a steady-state temperature field are accurately established. Finally, the proposed model is obtained by coupling each stiffness. By comparing with the finite element (FE) result, the model is validated, and the influence of friction coefficient, bulk temperature, and gear parameters on TVMS is studied. The analytical model and findings provide valuable insights for optimizing gear parameter design.
Transfer Models and Standard Models for Predicting Wear-Rates on the Basis of Friction Noise: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhao Honghao , Wang Mingxuan , Liu Yuquan , Deng Ping , Hu Xin , Guo Fei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Under varying working conditions, friction between polymers and metals leads to surface wear of materials, accompanied by significant energy dissipation, part of which transforms into friction noise. Despite their high nonlinearity, friction noises share certain commonalities in their generation mechanisms. This study proposes a novel transfer mapping model, which, after modeling a specific pair, can predict the behavior of other pairs. We simplify the model through Pearson feature selection and employ decision tree-based algorithms (decision tree, extreme gradient boosting, categorical boosting) to model the transfer mapping. By comparing the performance of standard models with transfer models, we identify the optimal approach for constructing the transfer model by using the categorical boosting algorithm.
Nonprofit Sport Organization Board Members’ Engagement in Decision Making
Authors: Lachance Erik L. 
Published: February 2025

This study explored the engagement of nonprofit sport organization (NPSO) board members in decision making. Featuring six NPSO boards, data were collected from 36 board meeting observations, 18 interviews, and over 900 documents. Data analysis was completed quantitatively (i.e., descriptive statistics, hierarchical cluster analysis, independent sample t test) and qualitatively (i.e., codebook thematic analysis). Board members demonstrated instances of high and low engagement in decision making, with Chief Executive Officers and Chairs being the most engaged. Engagement is impacted by board members’ ability to have an alignment of priorities with their NPSO, an awareness of their responsibilities, the necessary competencies, and a feeling of trust and safety. Theoretical contributions include the operationalization of constructs and consideration for boardroom processes to empirically understand NPSO board member engagement. Practically, to promote higher levels of engagement, Chairs should embody a collective leadership style and avoid situations of groupthink or subgroups on the board.
Modulatory impact of
Bifidobacterium longum
subsp.
longum
BL21 on the gut–brain–ovary axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: insights into metabolic regulation, inflammation mitigation, and neuroprotection
Authors: Dong Yao , Yang Shengnan , Zhang Shu , Zhao Yuan , Li Xinlan , Han Mei , Gai Zhonghui , Zou Kang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the efficacy of
Bifidobacterium longum
subsp.
longum
BL21 in mitigating symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in DHT-induced PCOS model mice. It focuses on BL21’s role in modulating metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and neuroprotection via the gut–brain–ovary axis. Employing an 8-week treatment regimen, this research assessed the effects of BL21 on prenatal androgen-induced PCOS in ICR mice. Evaluations included body weight, glucose tolerance tests, serum analyses of BDNF, inflammatory markers, sex hormone levels, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for gut microbiota diversity and composition. Twenty-four ICR mice with induced PCOS served as subjects to examine the probiotic’s impact. Mice were administered a daily oral dose of 1 × 10
9
CFU of BL21 continuously for a total of 8 weeks. BL21 significantly enhanced sex hormone levels (
P
< 0.05), particularly those of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2), indicating improved ovarian function and offering a novel PCOS treatment approach. The intervention notably curbed weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in PCOS mice (
P
< 0.05). BL21 reduced inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), while increasing IL-10, BDNF, FSH, and E2 levels (
P
< 0.05 for all). It also enriched gut microbiota diversity, enhancing populations of
Bifidobacterium
and
Lactobacillus
. Correlation analyses underscored the positive shifts in microbiota linked to beneficial hormonal and inflammatory profiles. BL21 shows promise in alleviating PCOS symptoms through metabolic regulation, inflammation reduction, and neuroprotection, validating its potential in integrated therapeutic strategies.

IMPORTANCE

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by metabolic irregularities, hormonal imbalances, and chronic inflammation. Existing treatments are often inadequate, addressing symptoms without targeting the underlying etiological factors. The investigation of
Bifidobacterium longum
subsp.
longum
BL21 as a probiotic intervention offers a novel approach by potentially regulating the gut–brain–ovary axis. This could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies that not only manage but also potentially reverse the multifaceted symptoms of PCOS, enhancing quality of life and reproductive health.
Trends in congenital anomalies and associated factors among newborns in Eastern Ethiopia: an 8-year open cohort analysis of the Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System
Authors: Didisa Muluken Kumera , Baye Yohannes , Tamiru Eyerusalem , Mengesha Gezaheng , Solbana Lencho Kajela , Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the trends and factors associated with congenital anomalies (CAs) among newborns in Eastern Ethiopia from 2015 to 2022.DesignOpen cohort study.SettingThe Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS), which is located in the Kersa district of the Oromia region in Eastern Ethiopia, covering 24 kebeles.PopulationNewborns registered at birth in the database of the KHDSS site in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsThe KHDSS tracks demographic and health changes in the community. Newborn data were extracted using a checklist. Trends in CAs over time (in years) were analysed and the associated factors were identified through logistic regression analysis.Outcome measureNewborn CAs, which are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, were assessed through thorough physical examinations and detailed interviews conducted by trained data collectors using a standardised questionnaire.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2022, a total of 27 350 newborns were recorded in the KHDSS, 104 of whom had CAs. The overall rate of CAs was 3.83 per 1000 live births (95% CI 3.19, 4.61). There was a significant increase in the trend of CAs over the study period, with a Mantel-Haenszel χ2of 82.76 (p=0.001). Factors associated with CA included maternal age over 35 years (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.68, 95% CI 1.07, 2.62), place of birth (AOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.04, 4.02) and normal birth weight (AOR=0.14, 95% CI 0.04, 0.47).ConclusionThe data from the KHDSS revealed a rising trend in CAs. CA was associated with factors such as the mother’s age, place of birth and the baby’s birth weight. It is crucial for healthcare providers and stakeholders to consider these factors in efforts to reduce the prevalence of CAs.
Assessment of patient preferences for assisted reproductive technology in China: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Chen Jiali , Bao Yuwen , Liu Yanyan , Sun Yanjun , Qian Xiaodan , Fang Kexing , Wan Bin , Ding Haixia , Zhang Lingli , Li Xin 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesGiven China’s low fertility rate, assisted reproductive technology (ART) can be used assist infertile patients in having children. This study aimed to analyse patients’ preferences for ART and to determine the relative importance (RI) and willingness to pay (WTP) of key attributes.DesignWe identified six attributes of ART and used a D-efficient design to generate choice sets for conducting a discrete choice experiment. Patients were asked to choose between two scenarios that differed in participation in treatment decision-making (TDM), clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, risk of maternal and neonatal complications, and out-of-pocket cost.SettingJiangsu province, China. The anonymous survey was carried out between December 2022 and February 2023.ParticipantsFemale patients aged 20–45 years, with low fertility or experience of ART treatment. We recruited 465 participants.Outcomes measuresPatient-reported preferences for each attribute were estimated using a mixed logit model. The latent class model was also used to investigate preference heterogeneity.ResultsAll attributes were associated with patient preferences. Patients considered the live birth rate as the most important attribute (RI=29.05%), followed by participation in TDM (RI=21.91%). The latent class model revealed two distinct classes named ‘outcome driven’ and ‘cost driven’. Preferences varied according to their age, monthly household income and location.ConclusionsThis study investigated the preferences of infertile patients when seeking medical assistance for infertility. The study outcomes can contribute to evidence-based counselling and shared decision-making and provide an empirical basis for creating and implementing future policies.
Qualitative study on nurse preceptors’ preparedness, roles and familiarity with the basic principles of teaching and learning in a district hospital in Ghana
Authors: Boakye Dorothy Serwaa , Amoah Vida Maame Kissiwaa , Boateng Edward Appiah , Antwi John , Yeboah Joyce , Owusu Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis qualitative study explored the experiences, preparedness, instructional practices and roles of preceptors supervising nursing students in a clinical setting.DesignExploratory descriptive study employing semi-structured interviews.SettingA district hospital in the Kumasi Metropolis accredited for training nursing students in clinical practice.Participants12 nurse preceptors, each holding at least a Bachelor of Science in Nursing.Major findingsFindings revealed gaps in the preparation of preceptors and a lack of a clear definition of preceptors’ roles and responsibilities from the outset, contributing to feelings of under-preparedness. While demonstrating inherent strengths like using probing questions, prompting techniques and assuming multifaceted roles, including role modelling, coaching and teaching, preceptors expressed uncertainty about over-reliance on passive demonstration-based teaching. Environmental barriers like noise concerns hindered the adoption of more interactive, student-centred pedagogies.ConclusionThe study highlights the need for comprehensive preceptor training programmes that provide robust onboarding, set clear expectations and equip preceptors with diverse evidence-based teaching methodologies tailored to healthcare contexts. Continued research involving larger samples, multimodal data and stakeholder perspectives can inform ongoing programme refinement.
Routes to social prescribing outside National Health Service (NHS) structures: a systematic map
Authors: Hazeldine Emma , Westwood Sophie , Hassannezhad Mohammad , Tierney Stephanie , Gavens Lucy , Husk Kerryn 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesSocial prescribing, linking to community-based interventions to support individuals’ health and well-being, has become established across social medicine in the UK. Currently, most of the evidence and knowledge about how social prescribing pathways’ function focuses on primary care, and we know less about how social prescribing operates outside of these structures. This review explored the evidence concerning non-health service delivered social prescribing with a view to developing guidance that would support social prescribing pathways that function outside of the health service framework.DesignThis paper reports a systematic mapping review of evidence concerning how community-based social prescribing pathways were delivered, exploring what these looked like, what needed to be in place for these to function, what outcomes were measured and how could non-health service pathways be supported to deliver these outcomes. The review searched database and grey sources and synthesised findings relating to how social prescribing pathways’ function.SettingCommunity settings, outside of formal National Health Service (NHS) structures without statutory service input.ParticipantsAll participants that experienced pathways were included; no limits were applied.InterventionsNon-NHS social prescribing pathways that included the core components of social prescribing.Main outcome measuresRich descriptions of functions of pathways.ResultsThis mapping review included 17 studies. The synthesis indicated that NHS and non-NHS social prescribing pathways are intertwined and mutually reliant, such that it was neither sensible nor valuable to view them as separate.ConclusionsOur review provides further evidence for social prescribing as a concept, variable across all components, rather than a single, coherent model. While there exists a ‘core’ health service pathway, we suggest that further work should be done with those delivering services to understand the roles and functions that contribute but may not presently be funded.
Cigarette filter ventilation, product appeal and regulatory options: a review of the influence of ventilation on consumers’ sensory and risk perceptions
Authors: Rees Vaughan W , Hatsukami Dorothy , Talhout Reinskje 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveCigarette filter ventilation may enhance product appeal, support initiation and sustained smoking, and increase smoking prevalence. We reviewed recent evidence on how filter ventilation affects consumers’ perceptions of product appeal and considered product use preferences to inform regulatory options.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched up to December 2023. Systematic search strategies used terms based on cigarette filter ventilation, and multiple constructs comprising product appeal and user perceptions.Study selectionTwo reviewers screened all 917 retrieved titles and abstracts independently and applied a consensus strategy to identify 16 articles that met eligibility criteria.Data extractionExtracted data focused on study design, dependent variables or outcomes, and major conclusions.Data synthesisWhile remaining popular, awareness and risk perception of ventilated cigarettes is generally low. Cigarettes with filter ventilation are perceived as smoother and less irritating than non-ventilated cigarettes. These modified sensory experiences shape perceptions of reduced health risks. Pack text descriptors and colours convey further information to consumers about smoothness, supporting lowered risk perceptions.ConclusionsFilter ventilation and its associated marketing continue to influence consumers’ perceptions of smoothness creating misperceptions about health risks. Standardised (‘plain’) packaging regulations are recommended to restrict communication of ventilation themes as well as evidence-based health communications to correct consumer misperceptions about smoothness and health risks. Since filter ventilation has no benefits for public health, policy makers could consider banning filter ventilation or even disallowing filters.