bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing corrosion resistance in reinforced concrete structures by using innovative eco-friendly composite pigments
Authors: El-Gawad Walaa M. Abd , Mossalam Essam A. , Gharieb Mahmoud 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis is the first study to look into the use of modified feldspars as anticorrosive pigments in the coatings industry. Herein, novel anticorrosive composite pigments were prepared by the chemical deposition of thin films of different oxides (e.g., zinc oxide and vanadium oxide with doloresite phase) on the surface of feldspar, which comprises 80% of the whole structure. A new vanadium oxide (e.g., doloresite) was chosen due to its IV oxidation state and excellent anticorrosive characteristics. ZnO is also well-known for its high resistance to corrosion. Firstly, the synthesis of the composite pigments was done, and then, they were characterized via XRD, SEM/EDX, XRF, and TGA. The composite pigments were incorporated into solvent-based epoxy coatings to evaluate their anticorrosive performance on reinforced concrete steel. Their corrosion resistances were determined using linear polarization resistivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The physico-mechanical properties of the dry coats containing the prepared composite pigments were also evaluated. The results revealed that the polarization resistivity (Rpo) of coatings containing Zn/F ranged from 5900 to 3900 Ohm.cm2 and that of V/F ranged from 7077 to 5500 Ohm.cm2, while the resistivity of uncoated rebar was from 1900 to 1300 Ohm.cm2. These results confirm that these novel pigments (e.g., ZnO/feldspar and doloresite/feldspar) could provide high corrosion resistivity for concrete structures that are immersed in chloride-laden environments. These composite pigments will be eco-friendly with a low impact on humans and the environment as they contain very low concentrations of heavy metals, besides their high efficiency and economic feasibility.
Progress and challenges in energy storage and utilization via ammonia
Authors: Chen Chongqi , Zhou Yanliang , Fang Huihuang , Peng Xiaobo , Jiang Lilong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmmonia is a premium energy carrier with high content of hydrogen. However, energy storage and utilization via ammonia still confront multiple challenges. Here, we review recent progress and discuss challenges for the key steps of energy storage and utilization via ammonia (including hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis and ammonia utilization). In hydrogen production, we focus on important processes and catalytic designs for conversion of carbon feedstocks and water into hydrogen. To reveal crucial challenges of ammonia synthesis, catalytic designs and mechanisms are summarized and analyzed, in thermocatalytic synthesis, electrocatalytic synthesis and photocatalytic synthesis of ammonia. Further, in ammonia utilization, important processes and catalytic designs are outlined for ammonia decomposition, ammonia fuel cells and ammonia combustion. The goal of this review is to stimulate development of low-cost and eco-friendly ways for energy storage and utilization via ammonia.
A simplified method for evaluating the anatomical axis of the upper two-thirds of the vagina on MRI: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: OuYang Yinluan , Li Fan , Wang Rui , Xu Wanwan , Zheng Weizeng , Ying Weijia , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundsPelvic organ prolapse commonly affects the upper two-thirds of the vagina. However, evaluating this region in its normal position presents challenges. This study aimed to assess the anatomical axis of this vaginal segment using pelvic magnetic resonance imaging measurements.MethodsA retrospective study of 614 hospitalized women from two hospitals, who were rigorously screened to exclude those with Pelvic Organ Prolapse or known anatomical variations (median age: 43 years, range: 17–76 years). Two reference lines were used: the pubococcygeal line (PCL) and a line from the inferior pubic symphysis to the third sacral vertebra (PS3L). Distances between the distal, middle, and apical points of the upper vagina and the reference lines, as well as the angles between the upper vagina and the reference lines, were measured. Comparisons were made among different age groups.ResultsThe median distances from the distal, middle, and apical vaginal points to the PCL were 0.4 ​cm (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.0–0.7 ​cm), 2.1 ​cm (IQR: 1.7–2.5 ​cm) and 3.1 ​cm (IQR: 2.5–3.7 ​cm), respectively. The median PCL-vaginal angle was 29.0° (IQR: 23.0–34.0°). The median distances from the distal, middle, and apical vaginal points to the PS3L were -0.5 ​cm (IQR: -0.9–0.0 ​cm), 0.0 ​cm (IQR: -0.4–0.6 ​cm), and -0.2 ​cm (IQR: -0.9– 0.0 ​cm), respectively. The median PS3L-vaginal angle was 0.0° (IQR: -4.0–7.0°). Women aged 50 years or older had slightly lower vaginal points and slightly larger angles than younger groups in relation to both reference lines (p ​< ​.001). The vaginal axis in younger groups appeared parallel to the PS3L.ConclusionsThe axis of the upper two-thirds vagina was proximate to a line from the inferior pubic symphysis to the third sacral vertebra, particularly in younger women. It will likely become a simplified method for roughly assessing the vaginal axis in its situ at first glance.
Attitude tracking control of hypersonic vehicle based on an improved prescribed performance dynamic surface control
Authors: Yin Z.Y. , Wang B. , Xiong R.T. , Xiang Z. , Liu L. , Fan H.J. , Xue C.L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the constrained attitude control problem of hypersonic vehicles (HVs). An improved prescribed performance dynamic surface control method is proposed based on an adaptive scaling strategy. Because of the uncertain time-varying disturbances, the controlled state may violate the constraint in the prescribed performance control (PPC) framework. An adaptive scaling strategy is introduced in the PPC method to avoid state violation. The performance function is scaled with respect to the state adaptively. Moreover, a nonlinear disturbance observer is used to compensate the sum of external and other internal disturbances of the system. The proposed method improves the system dynamic performance while ensuring the system robustness. Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Lyapunov analysis. Finally, numerical simulations are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the PPC method and superiority over other methods.
Modeling the surface mass balance of Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, 1959–2099
Authors: Schaffer Nicole , Copland Luke , Zdanowicz Christian , Hock Regine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlaciers of Baffin Island and nearby islands of Arctic Canada have experienced rapid mass losses over recent decades. However, projections of loss rates into the 21st century have so far been limited by the availability of model calibration and validation data. In this study, we model the surface mass balance of the largest ice cap on Baffin Island, Penny Ice Cap, since 1959, using an enhanced temperature index model calibrated with in situ data from 2006–2014. Subsequently, we project changes to 2099 based on the RCP4.5 climate scenario. Since the mid-1990s, the surface mass balance over Penny Ice Cap has become increasingly negative, particularly after 2005. Using volume–area scaling to account for glacier retreat, peak net mass loss is projected to occur between ~2040 and 2080, and the ice cap is expected to lose 22% (377.4 Gt or 60 m w.e.) of its 2014 ice mass by 2099, contributing 1.0 mm to sea level rise. Our 2015–2099 projections are approximately nine times more sensitive to changes in temperature than precipitation, with an absolute cumulative difference of 566 Gt (90 m w.e.) between +2 and −2°C scenarios, and 63 Gt (10 m w.e.) between +20% and −20% precipitation scenarios.
Area-level social determinants of health and individual-level social risks: Assessing predictive ability and biases in social risk screening
Authors: Bensken Wyatt P. , McGrath Brenda M. , Gold Rachel , Cottrell Erika K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Area-level social determinants of health (SDoH) and individual-level social risks are different, yet area-level measures are frequently used as proxies for individual-level social risks. This study assessed whether demographic factors were associated with patients being screened for individual-level social risks, the percentage who screened positive for social risks, and the association between SDoH and patient-reported social risks in a nationwide network of community-based health centers.

Methods:
Electronic health record data from 1,330,201 patients with health center visits in 2021 were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression. Associations between patient characteristics, screening receipt, and screening positive for social risks (e.g., food insecurity, housing instability, transportation insecurity) were assessed. The predictive ability of three commonly used SDoH measures (Area Deprivation Index, Social Deprivation Index, Material Community Deprivation Index) in identifying individual-level social risks was also evaluated.

Results:
Of 244,155 (18%) patients screened for social risks, 61,414 (25.2%) screened positive. Sex, race/ethnicity, language preference, and payer were associated with both social risk screening and positivity. Significant health system-level variation in both screening and positivity was observed, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.55 for social risk screening and 0.38 for positivity. The three area-level SDoH measures had low accuracy, sensitivity, and area under the curve when used to predict individual social needs.

Conclusion:
Area-level SDoH measures may provide valuable information about the communities where patients live. However, policymakers, healthcare administrators, and researchers should exercise caution when using area-level adverse SDoH measures to identify individual-level social risks.
A near-field treatment of aperture synthesis techniques using the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Prabu S. , Tingay S.J. , Williams A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTypical radio interferometer observations are performed assuming the source of radiation to be in the far-field of the instrument, resulting in a two-dimensional Fourier relationship between the observed visibilities in the aperture plane and the sky brightness distribution (over a small field of view). When near-field objects are present in an observation, the standard approach applies far-field delays during correlation, resulting in loss of signal coherence for the signal from the near-field object. In this paper, we demonstrate near-field aperture synthesis techniques using a Murchison Widefield Array observation of the International Space Station (ISS), as it appears as a bright near-field object. We perform visibility phase corrections to restore coherence across the array for the near-field object (however not restoring coherence losses due to time and frequency averaging at the correlator). We illustrate the impact of the near-field corrections in the aperture plane and the sky plane. The aperture plane curves to match the curvature of the near-field wavefront, and in the sky plane near-field corrections manifest as fringe rotations at different rates as we bring the focal point of the array from infinity to the desired near-field distance. We also demonstrate the inverse scenario of inferring the line-of-sight range of the ISS by inverting the apparent curvature of the wavefront seen by the aperture. We conclude the paper by briefly discussing the limitations of the methods developed and the near-field science cases where our approach can be exploited.
On the difference of two fourth powers
Authors: Tho Nguyen Xuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate the equation $D=x^4-y^4$ in field extensions. As an application, for a prime number p, we find solutions to $p=x^4-y^4$ if $p\equiv 11$ (mod 16) and $p^3=x^4-y^4$ if $p\equiv 3$ (mod 16) in all cubic extensions of $\mathbb{Q}(i)$.
24-Hour warning signs for adolescent suicide attempts
Authors: King Cheryl A. , Gipson Allen Polly Y. , Ahamed Sheikh Iqbal , Webb Michael , Casper T. Charles , Brent David , Grupp-Phelan Jacqueline , Rogers T. Alexander , Arango Alejandra , Al-Dajani Nadia , McGuire Taylor C. , Bagge Courtney L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about when youth may be at greatest risk for attempting suicide, which is critically important information for the parents, caregivers, and professionals who care for youth at risk. This study used adolescent and parent reports, and a case-crossover, within-subject design to identify 24-hour warning signs (WS) for suicide attempts.MethodsAdolescents (N = 1094, ages 13 to 18) with one or more suicide risk factors were enrolled and invited to complete bi-weekly, 8–10 item text message surveys for 18 months. Adolescents who reported a suicide attempt (survey item) were invited to participate in an interview regarding their thoughts, feelings/emotions, and behaviors/events during the 24-hours prior to their attempt (case period) and a prior 24-hour period (control period). Their parents participated in an interview regarding the adolescents’ behaviors/events during these same periods. Adolescent or adolescent and parent interviews were completed for 105 adolescents (81.9% female; 66.7% White, 19.0% Black, 14.3% other).ResultsBoth parent and adolescent reports of suicidal communications and withdrawal from social and other activities differentiated case and control periods. Adolescent reports also identified feelings (self-hate, emotional pain, rush of feelings, lower levels of rage toward others), cognitions (suicidal rumination, perceived burdensomeness, anger/hostility), and serious conflict with parents as WS in multi-variable models.ConclusionsThis study identified 24-hour WS in the domains of cognitions, feelings, and behaviors/events, providing an evidence base for the dissemination of information about signs of proximal risk for adolescent suicide attempts.
Metternich's League to Preserve Peace and the Conservative Elites’ Doubts about the Functionality of the Post-Napoleonic Order
Authors: Šedivý Miroslav 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBefore 1848 not merely democrats and liberals criticized the post-Napoleonic order for their growing mistrust of its ability to protect the sovereignty of smaller countries and preserve the general peace. The predominantly conservative ruling elite, namely rulers, statesmen, and diplomats, raised the same criticism when the law-breaking and abuse of power made them similarly mistrustful of the state of European politics during the 1830s and 1840s. This became true even for some of the order's authors like Austrian chancellor Metternich who serves as a prominent example of this mistrust with his project of a league to preserve peace in Europe in August 1840. Metternich, who helped to create this order in 1815, found it defective and in need of improvement only a quarter of a century later. He certainly did not want to create a completely new international order and law of nations as some liberals and democrats desired at that time, but his idea was still, in a certain sense, revolutionary since its realization would have fundamentally modified the pillars on which the order had been founded at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Coping with international politics: A case study of Hong Kong
Authors: Kaeding Malte Philipp , Wang-Kaeding Heidi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe way that leaders and citizens cope with stress is under-theorised in the study of International Relations (IR). This article anchors psychological studies on coping to the literature theorising emotions in IR to clarify two unaddressed questions: (1) how do political actors – individuals and collectives – cope with both sudden crises and long-term change?; and (2) in the context of international politics, whose coping matters, and under what conditions? Our coping framework demonstrates that intersubjective appraisal of urgency from everyday stressors triggers a process that elevates individual coping to the collective level. Circulation of coping responses, a key but neglected process of scaling up, binds individuals to affective communities. Our theoretical contribution is an innovative coping framework to explore how individual pursuit of well-being is transformed into collective agency. The methodological novelty is the triangulation of emotional representation with survey data and in-depth interviews to capture the circulation of coping responses. We illustrate our conceptual framework with the overlooked case of Hong Kong. Our findings suggest coping constitutes conditions of political possibilities, in that individual Hong Kongers’ efforts to sustain emotional well-being are aggregated to create momentum for a state-building project unexpected by the former British colonisers or the Chinese Communist Party.
Towards a post-imperial and Global IR?: Revisiting Khatami’s Dialogue among Civilisations
Authors: Holliday Shabnam , Wastnidge Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article argues that Dialogue among Civilisations can be put forward as a crucial contribution to debates addressing IR’s Eurocentrism. It highlights the blurring of West/non-West, domestic/international, and imperial/post-imperial bifurcations. This is evident in three ways. First, Dialogue among Civilisations needs to be appreciated in Iran’s wider historical context and its multifaceted intellectual heritages. This demonstrates that the idea of the West as distinctly different from the East is problematic because of engagement between Iran and the so-called West. Second, Khatami’s intellectual endeavours are based on a simultaneous engagement with Western political thought, Islamic philosophy, and the idea of Ancient Iran. Finally, the notion itself reflects an internal dialogue whereby Western civilisation along with Islam and Iran’s pre-Islamic heritages are considered integral to Iranian political culture. Furthermore, it is an aspiration for how post-colonial Muslim societies can engage with colonial power while maintaining a post-colonial authenticity. Our contention is that an in-depth understanding of Iran alongside a revisiting of Khatami’s Dialogue among Civilisations can act as a means of bringing the perspective of the ‘other’ into debates on the international and our epistemological and ontological understanding of the West.
Letters of challenge: displayed writing, urban public space and honour culture in seventeenth-century Madrid
Authors: Llanes Parra Blanca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFocusing on seventeenth-century Madrid, this article explores the interplay between urban public space and a specific type of written defamatory statements, the carteles de desafío or letters of challenge, with the aim of examining the implications of this interaction. Letters of challenge were primarily conceived as a communication tool between the participants in duels and challenges. Displayed in public spaces, they could take on new meanings and even replace the combat itself, while at the same time perpetuating the values of a male honour culture that encouraged the use of violence among large sectors of society to settle disputes.
Revolutionising food advertising monitoring: a machine learning-based method for automated classification of food videos
Authors: Rodrigues Michele Bittencourt , Ferreira Victória Pedrazzoli , Claro Rafael Moreira , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto , Avila Sandra , Horta Paula Martins 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Food advertising is an important determinant of unhealthy eating. However, analysing a large number of advertisements (ads) to distinguish between food and non-food content is a challenging task. This study aims to develop a machine learning-based method to automatically identify and classify food and non-food ad videos.Design:Methodological study to develop an algorithm model that prioritises both accuracy and efficiency in monitoring and classifying advertising videos.Setting:From a collection of Brazilian television (TV) ads data, we created a database and split it into three sub-databases (i.e. training, validation and test) by extracting frames from ads. Subsequently, the training database was classified using the EfficientNet neural network. The best models and data-balancing strategies were investigated using the validation database. Finally, the test database was used to apply the best model and strategy, and results were verified with field experts.Participants:The study used 2124 recorded Brazilian TV programming hours from 2018 to 2020. It included 703 food ads and over 20 000 non-food ads, following the protocol developed by the INFORMAS network for monitoring food marketing on TV.Results:The results showed that the EfficientNet neural network associated with the balanced batches strategy achieved an overall accuracy of 90·5 % on the test database, which represents a reduction of 99·9 % of the time spent on identifying and classifying ads.Conclusions:The method studied represents a promising approach for differentiating food and non-food-related video within monitoring food marketing, which has significant practical implications for researchers, public health policymakers, and regulatory bodies.
Reiterating Hierarchy and the Failed Promise of the Global
Authors: BURNS CHELSEA 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe idea of global modernisms rests upon freighted power relationships. Far from decolonizing, this concept reinscribes values of Euro- and US-centric discourses. This article addresses the inherent friction of global musical modernisms through Carlos Chávez's 1940 composition La paloma azul, written for concerts at New York's Museum of Modern Art. Tasked with appealing to a US audience, Chávez created work that participates in modernism's hierarchical frame, where Mexico provides exotic fantasy for bourgeois New Yorkers.Chávez was not alone in having been positioned as ‘modernism's shadow’ – the negative counterexample that confirms modernism's progressive image. Global musical modernism suggests that modernism can shed its exclusionary identity and encompass more. But it hides how modernism has always been international, and how composers such as Chávez have been central to its construction. By ignoring modernism's historical realities, global musical modernism shores up existing understandings and maintains the marginal status of whatever is categorized as ‘global’.
An Assessment of CO2 Uptake in the Arctic Ocean From 1985 to 2018
Authors: Yasunaka Sayaka , Manizza Manfredi , Terhaar Jens , Olsen Are , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Landschützer Peter , Watanabe Eiji , Carroll Dustin , Adiwira Hanani , Müller Jens Daniel , Hauck Judith 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a contribution to the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes phase 2 (RECCAP2) project, we present synthesized estimates of Arctic Ocean sea‐air CO2 fluxes and their uncertainties from surface ocean pCO2‐observation products, ocean biogeochemical hindcast and data assimilation models, and atmospheric inversions. For the period of 1985–2018, the Arctic Ocean was a net sink of CO2 of 116 ± 4 TgC yr−1 in the pCO2 products, 92 ± 30 TgC yr−1 in the models, and 91 ± 21 TgC yr−1 in the atmospheric inversions. The CO2 uptake peaks in late summer and early autumn, and is low in winter when sea ice inhibits sea‐air fluxes. The long‐term mean CO2 uptake in the Arctic Ocean is primarily caused by steady‐state fluxes of natural carbon (70% ± 15%), and enhanced by the atmospheric CO2 increase (19% ± 5%) and climate change (11% ± 18%). The annual mean CO2 uptake increased from 1985 to 2018 at a rate of 31 ± 13 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the pCO2 products, 10 ± 4 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the models, and 32 ± 16 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the atmospheric inversions. Moreover, 77% ± 38% of the trend in the net CO2 uptake over time is caused by climate change, primarily due to rapid sea ice loss in recent years. Furthermore, true uncertainties may be larger than the given ensemble standard deviations due to common structural biases across all individual estimates.