bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualized nursing care: an empirically generated definition
Authors: Radwin L. E. , Alster K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIndividualization is considered a particularly important feature of nursing care by nurses, patients and their families, and by health care administrators. Descriptions in the literature suggest that individualized care requires some background knowledge of the patient, which nurses use to devise care plans that treat each patient as unique. However, few research‐based descriptions of individualized care exist. The purpose of this article was to offer a definition of individualized nursing care synthesized from research findings. Descriptions of nursing care individualization emerged from two previously conducted grounded theory studies of nursing practice. Data relevant to the concept were retrieved from each study. These data were compared and contrasted in order to identify and describe individualized care from the perspectives of nurses and patients. The analysis resulted in a definition of individualized nursing care that makes explicit the characteristics of such care, thus providing a framework for designing and evaluating nursing care that recognizes patients as unique persons.
Patient involvement in education for enhanced quality of care
Authors: Le Var R. M. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGovernment policies in the UK are promoting health care practitioners working in partnership with patients and clients as an important constituent of quality in health care delivery. However, for practitioners to work in this way requires experience of such partnerships in the educational preparation. The involvement of patients and clients (i.e. service users) and their carers in the curriculum has been encouraged and supported in England since the early 1990s. From 1998, the comprehensive involvement in all phases of programme provision has been a requirement, ensuring that service users have a real ‘voice’ in influencing the direction of programmes. Examples of good practice are provided, demonstrating a range of approaches in the different stages of the educational process. Issues to be considered for successful implementation are included. Benefits to education and patient/client care are identified on the basis of literature and recent experience. They are strongly associated with enhanced quality of care. The article argues for a need to continue to broaden implementation for the major benefits of influencing the attitudes and approaches of students, and empowering users, with the end result of enhancing the quality of care. A strategic approach is needed to make user involvement an effective and workable reality. The need for systematic evaluation of the outcomes and for publications is highlighted. The principle of service user involvement in educational preparation is deemed to be equally relevant in other countries.
Mono‐branched alkyl lactate as a rheological improver for body and personal care formulations
Authors: GENOVA G. , ZATTA A. , DEIANA L. , MONTESION F. 
Published: March 2003

The use of mono‐branched alkyl lactate, in aqueous anionic surfactant mixtures, as a viscosity improver and cold storage stability enhancer in personal care formulations is examined, and compared with the results given by similar mixtures containing cocamide DKA. A detailed evaluation of the results is given.RésuméCette étude a pour objet les avantages liés à l'utilisation de Lactate d'Alkyle mono‐ramifié, dans des mélanges aqueux de tensioactifs anioniques, par comparaison avec le Cocoamide DEA comme promoteur de viscosité et prolongateur de durée de vie dans des formulations de produits d'hygiène personnelle.On donne une évaluation détaillée. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
Potential cosmetic applications of reconstructed epidermis
Authors: Regnier M. , Duval C. , Schmidt R. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisVarious models of reconstructed epidermis already provide useful tools for safety and efficacy assessment of cosmetic products. However, the majority of these in vitro models are composed of keratinocytes only. Recently, the introduction of melanocytes into epidermal reconstructs has considerably enlarged their field of application. Depending on the melanocyte donor, the different phototypes (I–VI) as well as the racial specific pigmentation, caucasian, Asiatic or black epidermis can be reproduced in vitro. The reconstructed pigmented epidermis allows the evaluation of modulators of melanogenesis such as the depigmenting agent kojic acid. In contrast to conventional melanocyte cultures, the pigmented reconstructed epidermis is air‐exposed and covered, as in vivo, with a stratum corneum. This allowed us to evaluate the effect of UV‐irradiations on the epidermis and its protection by topically applied sunscreens. The introduction of resident epidermal Langerhans cells into the reconstructed epidermis remained an important challenge. We succeeded by seeding blood derived CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors onto a reconstructing epidermis composed of keratinocytes and melanocytes. The resulting pigmented epidermis shows melanocytes in the basal layer and resident epidermal Langerhans cells suprabasally. As in normal skin, the melanocytes transfer melanin to the neighboring keratinocytes, and the Langerhans cells express major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, CD1a antigen and Birbeck granules. This reconstructed epidermis, comprising for the first time the three major epidermal cell types, has the potential to serve in the near future as a predictive model for immuno‐pharmaco‐toxicological in vitro studies.
A novel ex vivo technique to assess the sand/rub resistance of sunscreen products
Authors: Stokes  , Diffey  
Published: March 2003

Synopsis A novel ex vivo technique has been used to assess the sand/rub resistance of topical sunscreens. The technique is based on transmission spectrometry using excised human epidermis as the substrate. The sun protection factors (SPFs) of 10 sunscreen products were measured prior to, and after agitation with sand. It was found that the different products retained varying amounts of their photoprotection after agitation, ranging from 40 to 85%. This technique provides a less expensive, less time‐consuming and less experimentally problematic alternative to in vivo testing. Résumé On utilise une nouvelle technique ex vivo pour évaluer la résistance au sable et au frottement d’écrans solaires topiques. La technique est basée sur la spectrométrie par transmission en utilisant de l’épiderme humain excisé comme substrat. Les indices de protection solaires (IP) de 10 écrans solaires sont mesurés avant et après agitation avec du sable. On observe que les différents produits conservent des taux variables de leur photoprotection, i.e de 40 à 85%. Cette technique offre une alternative moins coûteuse, plus rapide et moins problématique expérimentalement que le contrôle in vivo.
Redefining Type 2 diabetes: ‘Diabesity’ or ‘Obesity Dependent Diabetes Mellitus’?
Authors: Astrup A. , Finer N. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryType 2 diabetes is considered by diabetes physicians as a complex and heterogeneous disease with a poorly understood aetiology, apart from the fact that there is a strong genetic propensity that becomes overt when exposed to a typical Western lifestyle. Our clinical targets are now moving from controlling the disease to preventing it. Do we need to await more research on the aetiology and pathophysiology before establishing a preventive strategy? No, the pathophysiology may be poorly understood, but there is now solid evidence that type 2 diabetes is a disease of fatness. New, controlled, clinical trials show that as little as 5% weight loss is sufficient to prevent most obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance developing type 2 diabetes. Since type 2 diabetes is obesity dependent, and obesity is the main aetiogical cause of type 2 diabetes, we propose the term ‘diabesity’ should be adopted.
Prevention of obesity – is it possible?
Authors: Müller M. J. , Mast M. , Asbeck I. , Langnäse K. , Grund A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryObesity prevention is necessary to address the steady rise in the prevalence of obesity. Although all experts agree that obesity prevention has high priority there is almost no research in this area. There is also no structured framework for obesity prevention. The effectiveness of different intervention strategies is not well documented. Regarding universal prevention little rigorous evaluation has been carried out in larger populations. Obesity prevention has been integrated into community‐wide programmes preventing coronary heart disease. Although effective with respect to reduction in cardiovascular risk factors these programmes did not affect mean body mass index (BMI) of the target populations. Selective prevention directed at high risk individuals (e.g. at children with obese parents) exhibited various degrees of effectiveness. However, at present, definitive statements cannot be made because of the limited number of studies as well as limits in study design. Finally, targeted prevention produced promising results in obese children when compared to no treatment. However, there are only very few long‐term follow‐up data. There is no clear idea about comprehensive interventions studying combinations of different strategies. It is tempting to speculate that predictors of treatment outcome (e.g. psychological and sociodemographic factors) may also serve as barriers to preventive strategies, but this has not yet been investigated. Taken together, obesity prevention should become a high priority research goal. First results of obesity prevention programmes are promising. As well as health promotion and counselling, better school education and social support appear to be promising strategies for future interventions.
The biomechanics of adiposity – structural and functional limitations of obesity and implications for movement
Authors: Hills A. P. , Hennig E. M. , Byrne N. M. , Steele J. R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryObesity is a significant health problem and the incidence of the condition is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Despite significant advances in the knowledge and understanding of the multifactorial nature of the condition, many questions regarding the specific consequences of the disease remain unanswered. For example, there is a dearth of information pertaining to the structural and functional limitations imposed by overweight and obesity. A limited number of studies to date have considered plantar pressures under the feet of obese vs. non‐obese, the influence of foot structure on performance, gait characteristics of obese children and adults, and relationships between obesity and osteoarthritis. A better appreciation of the implications of increased levels of body weight and/or body fat on movement capabilities of the obese would provide an enhanced opportunity to offer more meaningful support in the prevention, treatment and management of the condition.
Fluorescence urethroscopy following instillation of 5‐aminolevulinic acid: A new procedure for detecting clinical and subclinical HPV lesions of the urethra
Authors: Schneede P , Münch P , Wagner S , Meyer T , Stockfleth E , Hofstetter A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo report early clinical experience with intraurethral instillation of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for the detection of clinical lesions (condyloma acuminata) and subclinical human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions of the urethra, not visible by conventional endoscopy.Subjects and settingEighty‐four men with clinical diagnosis of condyloma acuminata were examined for urethral HPV lesions at the Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.MethodsThe anogenital areas of the patients were thoroughly examined using a magnifying glass before and after application of 5% acetic acid. Conventional as well as fluorescence urethroscopy were performed 1 h after topical application of 0.1% ALA for 15 min. A sensitive colour charge‐coupled device camera for fluorescence video inspection was used with spectral analysis. Biopsies were taken for histological examination and HPV detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsForty‐three of 84 men attending our clinic for condyloma acuminata had clinical HPV lesions of the urethra. Condylomas of the proximal urethra were found by conventional endoscopy in eight patients. Fluorescence urethroscopy detected additional subclinical lesions in 13 men. All lesions were HPV infections of the urethra confirmed histologically or by PCR. In nine of these subclinical urethra lesions low‐risk HPV types (HPV6, 11, 34) were found. Four lesions were associated with high‐risk types (HPV18, 31, 52, 58).ConclusionsFluorescence urethroscopy is a promising diagnostic procedure for detecting subtle clinical and subclinical HPV lesions of the urethra, that are normally not visualized by conventional endoscopy. Generally, urethroscopy is recommended in all cases of externally visible condylomas of the urethra after therapy.
Treatment of widespread cutaneous larva migrans with thiabendazole
Authors: Gourgiotou K , Nicolaidou E , Panagiotopoulos A , Hatziolou E , Katsambas AD 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a characteristic eruption that is caused by penetration and migration in the skin of nematode larvae. Both animal and human hookworms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the condition, with Ancylostoma braziliensis and A. caninum being the most common among them. CLM is quite common in tropical areas, but, due to travelling, several cases have also been described in Europe. We present a patient with CLM who presumably contacted the disease during a holiday in Singapore. The patient was treated successfully with oral thiabendazole.
Childhood discoid lupus erythematosus: report of five new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Van Gysel D , De Waard‐van der Spek FB , Oranje AP 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDiscoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is an uncommon disease in childhood. In this paper we present five new cases of childhood DLE. Two of them are identical twin brothers, who developed similar lesions during an interval of 5 years. This is in favour of the hypothesis that both genetic factors and somatic mutations, due to environmental factors, are implicated in the pathogenesis. A review of the English language literature is also presented. In order to have better epidemiological data on this disease, all cases of childhood DLE, including those published in non‐English literature and those not yet published, should be placed together and analysed.
Keratin‐9 gene mutation in a family with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: Amichai B , Karpati M , Goldman B , Peleg L 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder of keratinization.Methods We studied five members of a Jewish family with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Genomic DNA was extracted from leucocytes, and exon 1 of the keratin 9 gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction techniques.Results The mutation was found in exon 1 of the keratin 9 gene in codon 160.Conclusions Like most of the other families with clinical features of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma the mutation is found in exon 1 of the keratin 9 gene.
A Study of the Knowledge that People with Intellectual Disabilities have of their Prescribed Medication
Authors: Arscott K. , Stenfert Kroese B. , Dagnan D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPeople with intellectual disability (ID) are frequently prescribed medication for psychiatric and medical conditions. Although knowledge of medication has been researched in other populations, few studies have addressed this issue in people with ID. A questionnaire was administered to 30 people with ID to ascertain the amount of knowledge that they had of their prescribed medication. The questions which appeared to be the most difficult to answer concerned side‐effects of medication, alternatives to medication and other medications which should not be taken in conjunction with the prescribed medication. The findings are discussed.
Evaluation of the Effect of an Open Learning Course on Staff Knowledge and Attitudes Towards the Sexual Abuse of Adults with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Hogg James , Campbell Martin , Cullen Chris , Hudson Wanda 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn open learning course, ‘Approaches to Sexual Abuse of Adults with Learning Disabilities’, was undertaken with a range of staff working with adults with learning disabilities. Using a specially designed questionnaire based on the research and practice literature on sexual abuse, the present authors evaluated the impact of the course on staff knowledge of: (1) sexual abuse, and its antecedents and consequences; (2) the procedures to be followed once abuse is suspected; and (3) the practices most likely to minimize abuse. In addition, the effect of the course on attitudes was also assessed. Staff knowledge of sexual abuse was significantly increased following completion of the course. Staff attitudes at the outset of the course tended to be highly consistent with the values and practices reflected in the course material. However, changes in acceptance of formal practices to deal with abuse, confidence in having the skills to deal with incidents and awareness of the vulnerability of people with learning disabilities to abuse were all enhanced. The implication of sample attrition during the course is considered with respect to the nature of the environment in which staff work and the feasibility of the open learning model.
Social Support Networks and Psychological Well‐being of Mothers with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Stenfert Kroese Biza , Hussein Hanan , Clifford Clair , Ahmed Nazia 
Published: March 2003

Background  The study aims to investigate the impact of social support networks of mothers with intellectual disabilities (N = 15) on their psychological well‐being and their views of parenting.Methods  As part of a semi‐structured interview, mothers were asked about who helped them in their parenting role and how recent and how helpful this support had been. Adapted psychological questionnaires were presented which measured affect, assertiveness and self‐esteem. Mothers were also asked about the benefits, burdens and future expectations of parenthood. It was hypothesized that the larger, more recent and more helpful the support network was reported to be, the better the psychological well‐being and the more positive the views on parenthood. Data analysis included quantitative and qualitative methods.Results  Significant associations were found between the number of reported social contacts and positive affect, the recency of reported social contacts and self‐esteem, and the lack of self‐esteem and reported burdens of parenting. The average number of social contacts reported was 6.8 persons, with only half of these being described as very helpful. Very few non‐family members were part of the support networks. Qualitative analysis of mothers' comments revealed a number of themes regarding helpful and unhelpful support.Conclusions  These findings confirm the strong associations between supportive social networks, psychological well‐being and positive parenting experiences. The results are discussed with reference to previous research, service issues and future research directions.
Classification of tubal gestations by transvaginal sonography
Authors: Rottem S. , Thaler I. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTransvaginal sonographic images of tubal pregnancies were correlated with the surgical findings in 191 patients having this condition. The sonographic appearance of the ectopic gestations was classified by the absence or presence of structures such as a ‘tubal ring’ containing the yolk sac, embryonic structures, heart activity, a sonolucent or irregularly echogenic gestational sac, dilated Fallopian tube with amorphous content, fluid in the pelvis and an empty uterus. The following classifications were made:

Type Ia (n = 43) A well‐defined ‘tubal ring’ and a beating heart with or without discrete embryonic or extra‐embryonic structures.

Type Ib (n = 48) A ‘tubal ring’ containing embryonic and/or extra‐embryonic structures without heart beats.

Type II (n = 64) An ill‐defined or thin tubal wall containing sonolucent or an irregularly echogenic core but not embryonic or extra‐embryonic structures.

Type III (n = 28) Free pelvic fluid and an empty uterus in patients with positive serum β‐hCG levels. The outline of the tube cannot be visualized.
Surgery revealed unruptured tubal pregnancies in 90 patients of the combined groups of Types Ia and Ib. In one additional patient, a tubal rupture was found. In the Type II patients, 26 tubal pregnancies with blood clots in the tube but no evidence of bleeding into the pelvis, and 38 tubal ruptures or abortions were diagnosed. All Type III patients had ruptured tubal pregnancies or bleeding tubal abortions. In eight patients (4.2%), the only sonographic finding was an empty uterus, and these cases were erroneously diagnosed as not having an ectopic pregnancy (false negatives). There were two false‐positive cases in which a tubal ring was detected, and this was related to an hemorrhagic corpus luteum. When used for diagnosing tubal pregnancy, the transvaginal scanning technique (together with β‐hCG in Type III cases) carries a sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 99.9%. It is an invaluable tool in the diagnostic work‐up and management of patients with suspected ectopic gestation. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Color Doppler studies in trophoblastic tumors: a preliminary report
Authors: Flam F. , Lindholm H. , Bui T.‐H. , Lundström‐Lindstedt V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTen women, referred because of a strong suspicion of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, were examined by abdominal real‐time ultrasound and color Doppler. The results were compared to those of pelvic angiography. In all but one case color Doppler examination revealed areas of increased vascularity. In all cases the findings of color Doppler and pelvic angiography agreed. Real‐time ultrasound failed to detect abnormal uterine echoes in three of the patients where the other methods indicated tumor. The present study indicates that color Doppler could be of great value in a non‐invasive assessment of trophoblastic tumors. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Biparietal diameter and femur length discrepancies: are maternal characteristics important?
Authors: Jones T. B. , Wolfe H. M. , Zador I. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe examined whether gestational age, maternal race or height can be used to explain discrepancies between biparietal diameter‐ and femur length‐derived gestational ages by analyzing ultrasound scans from 8041 consecutively scanned, singleton pregnancies, using multiple regression analysis. While a consistent association was noted between differences of more than 3 weeks and less than 3 weeks and advancing gestational age, neither maternal height nor race were significantly related. We conclude that, first, discrepancies between gestational age by biparietal diameter and femur length are rare (5%) and, second, the presence of discrepancies should not be dismissed on the basis of maternal stature or race and should alert the clinician to possible abnormal fetal growth or development. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology