bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Temperature and Desiccation-Related Protein Families in Tardigrada Reveals a Complex Acquisition of Extremotolerance
Authors: Fleming James F , Pisani Davide , Arakawa Kazuharu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tardigrada is an ecdysozoan lineage famed for its resilience. Tardigrades can tolerate high doses of radiation, low-oxygen environments, desiccation, and both high and low temperatures under a dormant state called “anhydrobiosis”, which is a reversible halt of metabolism upon almost complete desiccation. A large amount of research has focused on the genetic pathways related to these capabilities, and a number of genes have been identified and linked to the extremotolerant response of tardigrades. However, the history of these genes is unclear, and the origins and history of extremotolerant genes within Tardigrada remain a mystery. Here, we generate the first phylogenies of six separate protein families linked with desiccation and radiation tolerance in Tardigrada: cytosolic abundant heat-soluble protein, mitochondrial abundant heat-soluble protein, secretory abundant heat-soluble protein, meiotic recombination 11 homolog, and the newly discovered Echiniscus testudo abundant heat-soluble proteins (alpha and beta). The high number of independent gene duplications found amongst the six gene families studied suggests that tardigrades have a complex history with numerous independent adaptations to cope with aridity within the limnoterrestrial environment. Our results suggest that tardigrades likely transitioned from a marine environment to a limnoterrestrial environment only twice, once in stem Eutardigrada and once in Heterotardigrada, which explains the unique adaptations to anhydrobiosis present in both classes.
Revised set of equations describing the seismo-electromagnetic coupled wavefield in an ambient geomagnetic field
Authors: Yamazaki Ken'ichi 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY
Temporal variations in the electromagnetic field generated by seismic waves are accounted for mainly by electrokinetic (EK) and motional induction (MI) effects. Currently, these effects are considered in terms of different sets of equations, even though both mechanisms are assumed in data interpretation. In principle, however, they should be described by a single set of equations, possibly including a new type of coupling effect. This inconsistency suggests that the deviation of conventional equations was somewhat incorrect, with some coupling mechanisms having been overlooked. Here, the derivation of the conventional equations was reconsidered, and necessary revisions were applied. The revised equations describe both EK and MI effects and include a previously unrecognized coupling effect (although its effect is negligible). The solution of the new equations is well approximated by a simple sum of EK and MI effects determined by conventional equations. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the conventional procedure for estimation of seismically induced EM variations in terms of the EK and MI effects is sufficiently accurate, in spite of the conventional governing equations missing some of coupling terms related to the EK and MI effects.
Factors influencing community-facility linkage for case management of possible serious bacterial infections among young infants in Kenya
Authors: Odwe George , Liambila Wilson , K’Oduol Kezia , Nyangacha Zipporah , Gwaro Helen , Kamberos Alexandra Haake , Hirschhorn Lisa R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite evidence showing the feasibility and acceptability of implementing the World Health Organization’s guidelines on managing possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) in Kenya, the initial implementation revealed sub-optimal community-facility referrals and follow-up of PSBI cases. This study explores facilitators and barriers of community-facility linkages in implementing PSBI guidelines in Busia and Migori counties, Kenya. We used an exploratory qualitative study design drawing on endline evaluation data from the ‘COVID-19: Mitigating Neonatal Mortality’ project collected between June and July 2022. Data include case narratives with caregivers of sick young infants (0–59 days old) (18), focus group discussions with community health volunteers (CHVs) (6), and in-depth interviews with facility-based providers (18). Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis framework. Between August 2021 and July 2022, CHVs assessed 10 187 newborns, with 1176 (12%) identified with PSBI danger signs and referred to the nearest facility, of which 820 (70%) accepted referral. Analysis revealed several factors facilitating community-facility linkage for PSBI treatment, including CHVs’ relationship with community members and facilities, availability of a CHV desk and tools, use of mobile app, training and supportive supervision. However, challenges such as health system-related factors (inadequate providers, stockout of essential commodities and supplies, and lack of transport/ambulance) and individual-related factors (caregivers’ refusal to take referrals) hindered community-facility linkage. Addressing common barriers and fostering positive relationships between community health workers and facilities can enhance acceptance and access to PSBI services at the community level. Combining community health workers’ efforts with a mobile digital strategy can improve the efficiency of the identification, referral and tracking of PSBI cases in the community and facilitate linkage with primary healthcare facilities.
‘I don’t know exactly what that means to do check-ups’: understanding and experiences of primary care among resettled young adult refugees
Authors: Brewer Sarah E , Alsharea Enas , Wah Lah Say 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Young adult refugees have suboptimal primary care use, including having a regular provider and engaging with a regular source of care for primary and preventive healthcare needs. Our purpose was to understand how young adult refugees (ages 18–29 years) resettled to the United States understand and experience primary care. We conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with young adult refugees and explored their ideas about and experiences of key characteristics of primary care. Emergent themes were synthesized. Young adult refugees reported a lack of an understanding of the idea of primary care. However, they also described the lack of accepted key components of primary care, such as being the first contact and providing continuity, coordination and comprehensiveness. The importance of developing an ability to ask questions, get answers and feel empowered was a facilitator of primary care successes. Young refugees lack access to healthcare that exemplifies quality primary care. Improving understanding of the primary care model and its value as well as increasing access and ease of engagement could improve primary care engagement for young adult refugees.
HLA-DQA1*05 Not Associated With Ustekinumab Loss of Response and Antidrug Antibodies in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease Patients
Authors: Colombel Jean-Frédéric , Martín-Arranz María D , Brinkman Brigitta , Guan Meijian , Hart Amy , Gasink Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Lay Summary
It is unknown if inflammatory bowel disease patients carrying the HLA-DQA1*05 allele have a greater risk of immunogenicity to ustekinumab. We observed that ustekinumab-treated patients carrying the allele did not have increased immunogenicity or reduced efficacy/serum ustekinumab concentrations vs noncarriers
Health Care Personnel Exposure Risk Assessment and Management During a Mpox Outbreak in Chicago, Illinois, 17 May to 8 July 2022
Authors: Zelencik Shane , VanDine Alison , Campos-Bovee Maria , Goitia Kimberly , Cela Valbona , Walblay Kelly , Galanto Daniel , Pacilli Massimo , Kim Do Young , Black Stephanie R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This report summarizes risk assessment interviews and follow-up with health care personnel (HCP) after exposure to patients with mpox disease during 17 May to 8 July 2022. HCP-case interactions were assessed using a standard questionnaire to categorize the risk associated with patient encounters. We assessed 150 interactions among 142 HCP and 30 cases. Four (2.7%) interactions were defined as high risk, 5 (3.3%) intermediate, 107 (71.3%) low, and 31 (20.7%) no risk. High and intermediate exposures were offered postexposure prophylaxis; 4 accepted. No documented mpox transmission after exposure was identified. These findings suggest transmission risk in health care settings during routine patient care is low.
The Potential Benefits of Delaying Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Selections for the Northern Hemisphere: A Retrospective Modeling Study in the United States
Authors: Lee Kyueun , Williams Katherine V , Englund Janet A , Sullivan Sheena G 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntigenic similarity between vaccine viruses and circulating viruses is crucial for achieving high vaccine effectiveness against seasonal influenza. New non-egg-based vaccine production technologies could revise current vaccine formulation schedules. We aim to assess the potential benefit of delaying seasonal influenza vaccine virus selection decisions.MethodsWe identified seasons where season-dominant viruses presented increasing prevalence after vaccine formulation had been decided in February for the Northern Hemisphere, contributing to their antigenic discrepancy with vaccine viruses. Using a SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model of seasonal influenza in the United States, we evaluated the impact of updating vaccine decisions with more antigenically similar vaccine viruses on the influenza burden in the United States.ResultsIn 2014–2015 and 2019–2020, the season-dominant A(H3N2) subclade and B/Victoria clade, respectively, presented increasing prevalence after vaccine decisions were already made for the Northern Hemisphere. Our model showed that the updated A(H3N2) vaccine could have averted 5000–65 000 influenza hospitalizations in the United States in 2014–2015, whereas updating the B/Victoria vaccine component did not substantially change influenza burden in the 2019–2020 season.ConclusionsWith rapid vaccine production, revising current timelines for vaccine selection could result in substantial epidemiological benefits, particularly when additional data could help improve the antigenic match between vaccine and circulating viruses.
Genomic analysis reveals the population structure and antimicrobial resistance of avian Pasteurella multocida in China
Authors: Jiang Nansong , Chen Hongmei , Cheng Longfei , Fu Qiuling , Liu Rongchang , Liang Qizhang , Fu Guanghua , Wan Chunhe , Huang Yu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the population structure and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of avian Pasteurella multocida in China.

Methods
Utilizing WGS analysis, we explored the phylogeny using a dataset of 546 genomes, comprising avian P. multocida isolates from China (n = 121), the USA (n = 165), Australia(n = 153), Bangladesh (n = 3) and isolates of other hosts from China (n = 104). We examined the integrative and conjugative element (ICE) structures and the distribution of their components carrying resistance genes, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of A:L1:ST129 (n = 110).

Results
The population structure of avian P. multocida in China was dominated by the A:L1:ST129 clone with limited genetic diversity. A:L1:ST129 isolates possessed a broader spectrum of resistance genes at comparatively higher frequencies than those from other hosts and countries. The novel putative ICEs harboured complex resistant clusters that were prevalent in A:L1:ST129. Bayesian analysis predicted that the A:L1:ST129 clone emerged around 1923, and evolved slowly.

Conclusions
A:L1:ST129 appears to possess a host predilection towards avian species in China, posing a potential health threat to other animals. The complex AMR determinants coupled with high frequencies may strengthen the population dominance of A:L1:ST129. The extensive antimicrobial utilization in poultry farming and the mixed rearing practices could have accelerated AMR accumulation in A:L1:ST129. ICEs, together with their resistant clusters, significantly contribute to resistance gene transfer and facilitate the adaptation of A:L1:ST129 to ecological niches. Despite the genetic stability and slow evolution rate, A:L1:ST129 deserves continued monitoring due to its propensity to retain resistance genes, warranting global attention to preclude substantial economic losses.
Exploring zinc deficiency using serum Zn levels: consequences and potential solutions in suckling pigs
Authors: Blavi Laia , Villagómez-Estrada Sandra , Solà-Oriol David , Pérez José F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three trials were undertaken to provide an answer to different questions: 1) Are suckling pigs able to maintain physiological serum Zn levels throughout lactation and do these levels vary between high and low body weight (BW) pigs?, 2) Are serum Zn levels in pigs soon after weaning a predisposing factor for diarrhea?, and 3) Is it possible to increase serum Zn levels at weaning by supplementing Zn during lactation. In trial 1, blood samples were taken from pigs during lactation. Eight pigs (one piglet per litter) had blood drawn on days 0 (farrowing), 7, 14, 21, and 28 (weaning), and 60 pigs (selected from the whole farrowing batch with 35 sows), categorized as either heavy (8.63 kg) or light (5.50 kg) had blood drawn on day 28. Serum Zn levels at birth were 1.2 mg/L and decreased (P &lt; 0.01) to 0.67 mg/L on day 28. Heavier pigs showed greater (P &lt; 0.01) serum Zn levels (0.98 mg/L) than light BW pigs (0.79 mg/L). In trial 2, blood samples were obtained from 240 pigs at weaning (26.2 ± 2.5 d) with an average initial BW of 6.94 ± 1.87 kg and were distributed into 24 pens (10 pigs/pen) by BW. Diarrhea incidence was recorded daily from days 0 to 35 post-weaning. From the 240 pigs, a group of 110 pigs with uniform BW (6.5 ± 1.9 kg) was selected and separated into two groups based on serum Zn levels at weaning with 55 pigs with low serum Zn (LZn: &lt;0.71 mg/L) and 55 pigs with high serum Zn (HZn: &gt;0.9 mg/L). Pigs with LZn were 2.49 times as likely to have diarrhea as pigs with HZn (P &lt; 0.02). In trial 3, a total of 96 suckling pigs were allotted four treatments that consisted of the daily administration of 0, 6, 18, or 30 mg of Zn as Zn citrate in capsule form during the last 7 d of lactation. Pigs were individually weighed, and blood samples were obtained on days 14, 21 (weaning), and 7 after weaning. Serum Zn levels linearly increased by day as Zn citrate supplementation increased (interaction, P &lt; 0.001). However, only light pigs supplemented with 18 and 30 mg/L of Zn experienced an increase in serum Zn levels during lactation. In conclusion, a decrease in serum Zn levels occurs during lactation and is more severe in low BW pigs. Low Zn status (&lt; 0.7 mg/L) at weaning may be a predisposing factor for diarrhea. However, Zn supplementation during lactation can mitigate this decrease in light pigs.
Supercomplex formation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in leukocytes from patients with neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Hara Tsukasa , Amagai Ryosuke , Sakakibara Ryuji , Okado-Matsumoto Ayako 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With population aging, cognitive impairments and movement disorders due to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are increasingly considered as key social issues. Clinically, it has remained challenging to diagnose them before the onset of symptoms because of difficulty to observe the progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Therefore, with exploratory research into biomarkers, a number of candidates have previously been proposed, such as activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in blood in AD and PD. In this study, we focused on the formation of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes (SCs) because the formation of SC itself modulates the activity of each complex. Here we investigated the SC formation in leukocytes from patients with AD, PD and DLB. Our results showed that SCs were well formed in AD and PD compared with controls, while poorly formed in DLB. We highlighted that the disruption of the SC formation correlated with the progression of PD and DLB. Taking our findings together, we propose that pronounced SC formation would already have occurred before the onset of AD, PD and DLB and, with the progression of neurodegeneration, the SC formation would gradually be disrupted.
A reflection on the teacher education curriculum and the decolonizing agenda in England
Authors: Byrd Jo , Stothard Jack Bryne 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper is a reflective piece on the thought processes individuals and teams have when engaging in decoloniality work in Teacher Training/Education. We argue that until the self is decolonized, the process of decolonialization becomes rhetoric. We also question how much we can decolonize whilst working in the academy whose very culture, symbols and practices are borne out of colonialism and the period of enlightenment; whose very raison d’être is to elevate some knowledge over others and to claim cultural and academic superiority. The current political landscape in England approaches anti-racism as a political ideology that must be avoided in schools and education and this ideological battlefield is evident in teacher education. We aim to recognize the tensions and resistance to decolonialize, which demonstrates the messy and contingent process of moving between shifting positions and subjectivities. It confronts the challenge of the teacher–practitioner who must balance their own moral and philosophical grounding whilst attending the political imperatives of the work. This can take the form of according with the policies and procedures of the institutions in which they are situated which can often be balkanizing and debilitating.
Community pharmacists’ perception and role in early diagnosis and health promotion of celiac disease
Authors: Al-Suhaimat Rawan , Al-Halaseh Lidia K , Al-Samydai Ali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The study aims to measure pharmacists’ knowledge and perception of celiac disease.

Methods
A Google form was used to collect data randomly from 283 pharmacists. The effects of each of the following hypotheses towards early diagnosis of celiac disease and patient compliance were studied: pharmacist’s experience in community pharmacies (H1), pharmacist’s knowledge (H2), pharmacist’s participation in continuing learning programmes (H3), and pharmacist’s attitude and practice (H4).

Key findings
A robust relationship between the variables was confirmed and was expressed by the moderate mean effect of H1, H2, H3, and H4 (2.3332, 2.3386, 2.1731, and 2.5717, respectively, and the correlation coefficient [r] of 0.797). Findings suggest that H1 is moderately correlated with H2 and H3 but weakly correlated with H4 (0.568 and 0.518, 0.183, respectively). Around a third of the participants (33.9%) admit their lack of knowledge regarding the symptoms. A third of the participants would refer the patients with recurrent symptoms to the physician. Three-quarters of the participants (78.4%) have not attended any educational programme, but they show a high desire (84.1%) to participate in such events either in person (50.2%) or through distance learning applications (36.4%).

Conclusion
Pharmacists have crucial roles in early diagnosis, monitoring patient compliance, and providing counselling regarding celiac disease. Updating their knowledge should contribute to improving the overall health status of the patients and cutting off the expenses for the health sector.
Optimization of limonin invertase production by scaling up Aspergillus tubingensis UA13 fermentation to a 5-l scale
Authors: Chen Yuting , Yang Dandan , Ouyang Nongfei , Lei Shengjiao , Liu Haiyan , Huang Yiwei , Wu Junqian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The enzymatic approach is a highly effective and the major scientific method to eliminating bitter components in citrus-derived products nowadays. Microbial production of limonin invertase stands out due to its pivotal role in the removal of the bitter substance, limonin. The optimization of fermentation parameters and the study of scale-up fermentation are imperative for product commercialization. In this study, we focused on optimizing stirring speed, fermentation temperature, and initial pH to enhance the growth and limonin invertase production by the Aspergillus tabin strain UA13 in a 5-l stirred-tank bioreactor. Our results revealed the following optimal parameters are: a stirring speed of 300 rpm, a fermentation temperature of 35°C and a pH 5.0. Under these optimized conditions, the limonin invertase activity reached its peak at 63.38 U ml−1, representing a 1.67-fold increase compared to the unoptimized conditions (38.10 U ml−1), while also reducing the fermentation duration by 12 h. Furthermore, our research demonstrated that limonin invertase effectively hydrolyze limonin in grapefruit juice, reducing its content from 13.28 to 2.14 μg ml−1, as determined by HPLC, resulting in a 6.21-fold reduction of the bitter substance.
Follicular lymphoma with secondary central nervous system relapse: a case report and literature review
Authors: Tsuboi Yuri , Shimizu Misayo , Kuroda Akihiro , Suyama Takuya , Seki Masanori , Shinagawa Atsushi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Secondary central nervous system (CNS) relapse by aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a well-known complication portending a very poor prognosis. Conversely, patients with indolent lymphoma-like follicular lymphoma (FL) rarely present with CNS involvement and, thus, limited information is currently available. We herein describe a patient with FL who developed CNS involvement during chemotherapy. Treatment including high-dose methotrexate and radiation therapy was ineffective and the patient died 5 months after CNS relapse. In a literature review, there were 8 case reports of the secondary CNS relapse of FL. The findings obtained suggest that bone marrow infiltration is a risk factor for CNS relapse. Moreover, 5 out of 9 patients died within 2.5 years, indicating a poorer prognosis than that of FL. Therefore, it is important to promptly perform detailed examinations as soon as neurological findings appear.
VZV Encephalitis with Brucella coinfection—case report
Authors: Allahyari Fakhri , Halabian Raheleh , Nejad Javad Hosseini 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Encephalitis occasionally occurs due to the central nervous system (CNS) infection by Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The coincidence of herpes Encephalitis-brain infection and brucellosis occurs rarely. In this case, a 56-year-old woman was described with low consciousness, seizures, fever, and mood disorders. The brain CT revealed no pathological lesions, but MR showed non-specific plaques in the periventricular white matter. VZV was detected in molecular tests for the panel of viral Encephalitis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The blood culture and the Wright test revealed the presence of Brucella spp. The antiviral treatment of choice was Acyclovir, Levetiracetam to control seizures, and Ampicillin/Sulbactam as prophylaxis antibiotics. Coinfections common poor prognoses makes it crucial to administer antiviral medications immediately. Many clinical challenges require a multidisciplinary team, including involvement of the CNS, resistance to viral strains, reactivation of diseases, and drug toxicity. The early detection of Encephalitis and treatment can promptly prevent exacerbation and complications.