bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elterliche Sexualaufklärung und sexuelles Risikoverhalten bei Töchtern und Söhnen: Befunde aus der Repräsentativbefragung „Jugendsexualität“
Authors: Döring Nicola , Walter Roberto , Scharmanski Sara 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Sexualaufklärung im Elternhaus soll laut Sozialisationstheorie zu mehr sexueller Handlungskompetenz bei Jugendlichen führen. Aktuelle Daten für Deutschland fehlen jedoch.

Ziel der Arbeit
Vor diesem Hintergrund war es Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, erstmals das allgemeine Sprechen über Sexualität im Elternhaus (Forschungsfrage 1, F1) sowie speziell die Verhütungsberatung durch die Eltern (F2) mit dem sexuellen Risikoverhalten der Jugendlichen in Verbindung zu setzen.

Material und Methoden
Datengrundlage ist die 9. Welle der Repräsentativbefragung „Jugendsexualität“ der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA). Analysiert wurden Daten aller sexuell aktiven 14- bis 17-jährigen Jugendlichen im Sample, von denen eigene Angaben zum Sexualverhalten sowie Angaben ihrer Eltern zum Aufklärungsverhalten vorliegen (N = 357). Zur Beantwortung der beiden Forschungsfragen wurden logistische Regressionsanalysen mit 4 zentralen Merkmalen des jugendlichen Sexualverhaltens gerechnet.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigte sich, dass das Sprechen über Sexualität im Elternhaus bei Mädchen und Jungen positiv korreliert mit 1. dem erreichten Konsensalter beim ersten Geschlechtsverkehr, 2. einem positiven Erleben des ersten Geschlechtsverkehrs, 3. einem zuverlässigen Verhütungsverhalten und 4. einer geringen Anzahl an Sexualpartner*innen (F1). Das gleiche Ergebnismuster ergab sich für die Verhütungsberatung durch die Eltern (F2).

Diskussion
Die positiven Zusammenhänge zwischen elterlicher Sexualaufklärung und risikoärmerem jugendlichen Sexualverhalten gilt es hinsichtlich der zugrunde liegenden Kausalmechanismen genauer zu untersuchen.
Exploring wide-parametric range for tool electrode selection based on surface characterization and machining rate employing powder-mixed electric discharge machining process for Ti6Al4V ELI
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umar , Anwar Saqib , Ali Muhammad Asad , Hassan Abual , Mushtaq Ray Tahir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe titanium alloy Ti6Al4V ELI (grade 23) is widely used in biomedical industry because of its engineering attributes. However, it requires surface modifications and has processing challenges because it is difficult to machine nature. Therefore, powder-mixed electric discharge machining process is commonly applied to simultaneously machine the material and carry out surface treatment. The performance of the process is limited by both low cutting efficiency and the formation of a rough surface. In this regard, the current study evaluates SiC powder-mixed electric discharge machining of Ti6Al4V ELI using a range of tool materials such as copper, brass, graphite, and aluminum along with a comprehensive list of process parameters. The surface roughness parameters involving arithmetic roughness, the average peak-to-valley distance, and the highest peak-to-deepest valley distance along with material removal rate are comprehensively studied. Taguchi design of experiments L16 orthogonal array is used to study the process performance with parametric effect analysis, parametric significance analysis, and surface morphological analysis with a scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the experimental results are optimized against a multi-response optimization matrix using grey relational analysis approach. An optimal compromise between surface attributes and cutting efficiency is identified by Al electrode, pulse current of 14 A, pulse on time of 75 µs, pulse off time of 75 µs, and negative polarity parametric conditions.
Effect of bisphenol A on the neurological system: a review update
Authors: Costa Henrique Eloi , Cairrao Elisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) and one of the most produced synthetic compounds worldwide. BPA can be found in epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, which are frequently used in food storage and baby bottles. However, BPA can bind mainly to estrogen receptors, interfering with various neurologic functions, its use is a topic of significant concern. Nonetheless, the neurotoxicity of BPA has not been fully understood despite numerous investigations on its disruptive effects. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the most recent studies on the implications of BPA on the neurologic system. Our findings suggest that BPA exposure impairs various structural and molecular brain changes, promoting oxidative stress, changing expression levels of several crucial genes and proteins, destructive effects on neurotransmitters, excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation, damaged blood–brain barrier function, neuronal damage, apoptosis effects, disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, increase in reactive oxygen species, promoted apoptosis and intracellular lactate dehydrogenase release, a decrease of axon length, microglial DNA damage, astrogliosis, and significantly reduced myelination. Moreover, BPA exposure increases the risk of developing neurologic diseases, including neurovascular (e.g. stroke) and neurodegenerative (e.g. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) diseases. Furthermore, epidemiological studies showed that the adverse effects of BPA on neurodevelopment in children contributed to the emergence of serious neurological diseases like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, emotional problems, anxiety, and cognitive disorders. In summary, BPA exposure compromises human health, promoting the development and progression of neurologic disorders. More research is required to fully understand how BPA-induced neurotoxicity affects human health.
The impact of a dedicated social media strategy on enhancing surgical education
Authors: Bisset Carly N. , McDermott Frank D. , Keller Deborah S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Social media (SoMe) is increasingly important in surgical education and may be necessary in the current learning environment. Whilst expanding in use and applications, few studies detail the impact of SoMe on measurable outcomes. The goal of this study was to quantify the impact of a dedicated SoMe strategy on engagement metrics for surgical research.

Methods
A retrospective review of a peer-reviewed surgical journal’s Twitter microblog platform (@ColorectalDis) was performed from 6/2015 to 4/2021. A formal SoMe strategy was introduced in September 2018. Data were stratified into 2 time periods: pre-intervention (6-2015 to 9-2018) and post-SoMe intervention (9-2018 to 4-2021). The main outcome was the impact of the SoMe strategy on user engagement with the Twitter platform, journal, and traditional journal metrics. Twitter Analytics and Twitonomy were used to analyse engagement.

Results
From conception to analysis, the microblog published 1198 original tweets, generating 5 million impressions and 231,000 engagements. Increased account activity (increased tweets published per month—5.51 vs 28.79; p < 0.01) was associated with significant engagement growth, including new monthly followers (213 vs 38; p < 0.01) and interactions with posted articles (4,096,167 vs 269,152; p < 0.01). Article downloads increased twenty-fold post-SoMe intervention (210,449 vs 10,934; p < 0.01), with significant increases in traditional journal metrics of new subscribers (+11%), article submissions (+24%), and impact factor (+0.9) (all p < 0.01).

Conclusion
SoMe directly impacts traditional journal metrics in surgical research. By examining the patterns of user engagement between SoMe and journal sites, the growing beneficial impact of a structured social media strategy and SoMe as an educational tool is demonstrated.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography-assisted surgical planning of an organic intralamellar corneal foreign body removal: a case report
Authors: Volek Eva , Sandor Gabor Laszlo , Nagy Zoltan Zsolt , Schneider Miklos 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Background
Corneal foreign bodies have been reported to be the second most common type of ocular injury. We report a case of an organic intralamellar foreign body in which noninvasive anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was used to assist the diagnosis, plan the surgery, and monitor the progress of treatment.

Case presentation
A 37-year-old male patient presented with an intracorneal reed foreign body in his right eye. It was challenging to assess whether the foreign body perforated the cornea. Slit-lamp examination and AS-OCT were performed. The latter showed that the foreign body had not completely perforated the cornea. Removal of the foreign body via the entry wound was not possible due to the structure of the reed. Extraction was performed via an incision along the foreign body. During the postoperative period, the patient’s visual acuity was 20/20 on the right eye with minimal astigmatism, despite a scar tissue formation.

Conclusions
In our case, AS-OCT facilitated the localization of the corneal foreign body and was useful in planning the surgery.
Thin-layer chromatography quantification of ibuprofen using digital imaging
Authors: Anton Callum-James , Ecker Felix , Braun-Münker Myriam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIbuprofen is a pharmaceutical that is commonly used to reduce inflammation and to treat headaches. A thin-layer chromatographic method combined with simple and inexpensive digital imaging is proposed for the determination and quantification of ibuprofen. The recommendations of the standard pharmacopoeia were followed with the addition of a minimal spotting method as a local calibration curve (n = 3) and comparison with a spotted sample. Images were acquired using a smartphone and then converted to greyscale using Fiji, an open-source image analysis software. The peak area and density of each spot was then calculated using a densitometric principle. To analyse the present image data, several images were taken with different filters. Using a calibration curve ranging in the range of 3 to 5 mg/mL, linearity could be determined across the subjected images (R2 ranging from 0.984 to 0.996), with a mean accuracy of 99.9 ± 2.20% and RSD of 2.20%. The method studied, using smartphone imaging and open-source software (Fiji), offered a simple and inexpensive application for the quantification of ibuprofen in pharmaceuticals, applicable to preliminary studies and curricula.
Graphical abstract
Method proposal for ibuprofen quantification using digital image processing software (Fiji)
Zusammenhang zwischen Notrufabfrage und Transportentscheidung
Authors: Huppert K. , Dax F. , Hoffmann F. , Lazarovici M. , Prückner S. 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Inanspruchnahme des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rettungsdiensts in Bayern steigt seit Jahren an und damit die Leertransportquoten. Zur Weiterentwicklung der Notrufabfrage in Bayern stellten wir uns retrospektiv die Frage, ob es Kommunikationscharakteristika in Notrufgesprächen ohne folgende Notarztbeteiligung gibt, die den späteren Transportstatus prädizieren und die Dauer der Notrufabfrage beeinflussen.

Methode
Retrospektive quantitative Auswertung von qualitativ erhobenen Notrufgesprächen der Integrierten Leitstellen (ILS) München und Bayreuth/Kulmbach. Kategorisierung der Anrufe als Rettungswageneinsatz ohne Transport (RoT) und Rettungswageneinsatz mit Transport (TP). Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels deskriptiver Methoden, linearer und logistischer Regressionen.

Ergebnisse
Informationen über den Atmungs‑, Bewusstseins- und Schmerzzustand des*r Patient*in gingen seltener mit einem RoT-Einsatz einher. Das Vorliegen von Informationen über den Kreislauf- und neurologischen Zustand des*r Patient*in sowie die Entstehung einer Drucksituation und die situative Überforderung des*r Anrufer*in gingen häufiger mit einem RoT-Einsatz einher. Eine situative Überforderung des*r Anrufer*in und ein*e fremdsprachliche*r Anrufer*in hatten ceteris paribus eine Verlängerung der durchschnittlichen Notrufgesprächsdauer zur Folge; die fehlenden Deutschkenntnisse hatten jedoch keinen Einfluss auf die Chance eines RoT-Einsatzes.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Kommunikationscharakteristika und Transportstatus hin. Der medizinischen Abfrage ist hierbei ein großer Stellenwert zuzuschreiben. Weiter ließen sich menschliche Überforderung sowie sprachliche Faktoren identifizieren, die die Alarmierungsentscheidung des*r Disponent*in mitbestimmen.

Graphic abstract
Water quality at the end of the Mississippi River for 120 years: the agricultural imperative
Authors: Turner R. Eugene 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArchived water quality data collected between 1901 and 2019 were used to reconstruct annual averages of various forms of C, N, P, and silicate concentrations and alkalinity in the lower Mississippi River. During this interval the average annual nitrate concentrations doubled pre-dominantly from fertilizer applications and tiling, silicate concentrations decreased by half as diatom sedimentation increased as dams were built, and alkalinity increased 16%. Variances in silicate concentrations were proportional to river discharge before 1980 and concentrations have been stable since then. Average annual temperatures, discharge and alkalinity increased simultaneously around 1980; this suggests that there was greater weathering thereafter and is supported by the positive relationships between variations in alkalinity and variations in nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentrations. The conversion of forests and grasslands into farmlands and improved drainage resulted in less evapotranspiration, a higher percent of precipitation going into streams and altered soil water bio-geo-chemistries. Field trials demonstrating soil health improvements resulting from more live roots and soil cover and greater biodiversity demonstrate water quality improvements and no effect on farm profitability. Lowering nitrate loading to the coastal waters will reduce summertime hypoxic waters formation offshore, but alkalinity in the river will increase further with climate warming.
Effects of thermal cycling on the thermal and magnetic response of Ni–Mn–Sn–Pd alloys
Authors: Wederni A. , Ipatov M. , Khitouni M. , Suñol J. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetic refrigeration is an option to replace conventional refrigeration. There are many studies that analyze materials with magnetocaloric effect during the first cooling-heating cycle, without analyzing the influence of cycling (necessary to check its applicability). In this work, we proceed to analyze the crystallographic structure (X-Ray diffraction) and the thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) and thermomagnetic (PPMS cycles and ZFC–FH–FC scans) response after a hundred thermal cycles of two Heusler alloys, Ni49Mn36Sn14Pd1 and Ni48Mn36Sn14Pd2 (at.%), that have been produced by melt spinning as ribbon flakes. In order to check its stability from cycling, these ferromagnetic alloys have been subjected to a hundred of thermal cycles (heating/cooling to provoke the austenite to martensite reversible transformation. The comparison before and after cycling behavior allow us to state that the reduction of the crystallographic defects favors higher atomic order. Likewise, the thermodynamic parameters (entropy and enthalpy) and the magnetic response have been reduced at about 10–12%.
Innate right, indeterminacy, and official discretion: A puzzle for Kantians
Authors: Garofalo Paul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper poses a puzzle for contemporary Kantian political philosophy. Kantian political philosophers hold that the state’s purpose is to secure the conditions for people’s innate right to equal freedom, while at the same time claiming that innate right does not give a determinate set of conditions that the state is to bring about. Officials, then, have to make decisions in cases where the considerations of innate right provide no further guidance. I argue that, intuitively, in such cases there are (i) some further considerations that officials may appeal to and (ii) some further considerations that officials may not appeal to in order to decide among the options consistent with people’s innate right and then raise difficulties for the ability of current Kantian accounts to explain how they can accept both (i) and (ii). I conclude by suggesting one potential path forward for Kantians to address this puzzle.
Modulation of Cellular Levels of Adenosine Phosphates and Creatine Phosphate in Cultured Primary Astrocytes
Authors: Karger Gabriele , Berger Julius , Dringen Ralf 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency of all cells, while creatine phosphate (CrP) is considered as a buffer of high energy-bond phosphate that facilitates rapid regeneration of ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Astrocyte-rich primary cultures contain ATP, ADP and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in average specific contents of 36.0 ± 6.4 nmol/mg, 2.9 ± 2.1 nmol/mg and 1.7 ± 2.1 nmol/mg, respectively, which establish an adenylate energy charge of 0.92 ± 0.04. The average specific cellular CrP level was found to be 25.9 ± 10.8 nmol/mg and the CrP/ATP ratio was 0.74 ± 0.28. The specific cellular CrP content, but not the ATP content, declined with the age of the culture. Absence of fetal calf serum for 24 h caused a partial loss in the cellular contents of both CrP and ATP, while application of creatine for 24 h doubled the cellular CrP content and the CrP/ATP ratio, but did not affect ATP levels. In glucose-deprived astrocytes, the high cellular ATP and CrP contents were rapidly depleted within minutes after application of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose and the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A. For those conditions, the decline in CrP levels always preceded that of ATP contents. In contrast, incubation of glucose-fed astrocytes for up to 30 min with antimycin A had little effect on the high cellular ATP content, while the CrP level was significantly lowered. These data demonstrate the importance of cellular CrP for maintaining a high cellular ATP content in astrocytes during episodes of impaired ATP regeneration.
The Spectrum of Liability to Defensive Harm and the Case of Child Soldiers
Authors: Sutherland Jessica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe typically see child soldiers as not morally responsible because of their age and/or because they are victims of adult exploitation. Work on child soldiers and their moral responsibility is relatively sparse within just war thinking and political philosophy (Thomason in Ethical Theory Moral Pract, 19:115–127, 2016a; Thomason in Seeing child soldiers as morally compromised warriors [Online]. The Critique. Available: http://www.thecritique.com/articles/seeing-child-soldiers-as-morally-compromised-warriors/ [Accessed 2 April 2020], 2016b), and instead focuses mostly on whether child soldiers are liable to attack (McMahan, in Gates, Reich (eds) Child soldiers in the age of fractured states, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, 2010; Vaha in J Military Ethics, 10:36–51, 2011). This paper brings these two areas together. Many of us have the intuition that combatants should exercise at least some constraint when fighting against child soldiers. I will argue that, contra McMahan (2010), exercising restraint in this way is a requirement of justice. I will argue that agents can be more or less liable to attack (liability to attack is on a spectrum) in defensive killing cases depending on how morally responsible they are for the threat they cause. I will outline how, whilst child soldiers are not wholly responsible for the threat they cause to combatants, their responsibility is also not completely diminished. I will argue that child soldiers are therefore liable to attack, but to a lesser extent than fully responsible agents. I will show that combatants fighting against child soldiers are therefore required, as a matter of justice, to use the most proportionate method of attack which may not always be to kill the child soldier. I will conclude that combatants are therefore required, as a matter of justice, to exercise a degree of restraint when fighting against child soldiers.
Narratives of Children’s Gender Socialization from Fathers Who Take Parental Leave in South Korea
Authors: Lee Youngcho 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDo leave-taking fathers who 'undo' gender in their division of domestic labour and responsibilities also ‘undo’ gender in relation to their children’s gender socialization? This exploratory qualitative study seeks to understand how leave-taking fathers in South Korea (N = 17) experience and envision their children’s gender socialization by identifying three types of fathers. For ‘committed’ fathers, leave-taking is an extension of their genuine convictions and best efforts to raise children based on feminist ideals, but contradictory messages from non-parental influences such as preschools pose challenges. ‘Conflicted’ fathers undergo significant changes in their views about men and women’s roles through leave uptake but confess to still holding rigid views about children’s gender socialization. ‘Receptive’ fathers demonstrate more open and moderately flexible attitudes to children’s gender roles than the ‘conflicted’ fathers, although not as consciously, proactively, or consistently as the ‘committed’ fathers. The findings indicate that fathers’ uptake of leave leads to diverging, rather than uniform trajectories in fathers’ development of attitudes and behaviours toward children’s socialization. The findings point to the need to consider inconsistencies operating at multiple levels of the ‘gender trap,’ including between fathers’ attitudes toward adult and children’s gender roles, fathers’ behaviours and attitudes, and parental and non-parental influences.
Foresail-2: Space Physics Mission in a Challenging Environment
Authors: Anger Marius , Niemelä Petri , Cheremetiev Kiril , Clayhills Bruce , Fetzer Anton , Lundén Ville , Hiltunen Markus , Kärkkäinen Tomi , Mayank M. , Turc Lucile , Osmane Adnane , Palmroth Minna , Kilpua Emilia , Oleynik Philipp , Vainio Rami , Virtanen Pasi , Toivanen Petri , Janhunen Pekka , Fischer David , Le Bonhomme Guillaume , Slavinskis Andris , Praks Jaan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarth’s radiation belts are extremely important for space weather because they can store and accelerate particles to relativistic energies, which can have a potential impact on satellite functionality, communications, and navigation systems. The FORESAIL consortium wants to measure these high-energy particle fluxes to understand the dynamics of the radiation belts with its satellite mission Foresail-2. The mission aims to measure magnetic ultra low frequency waves and the plasma environment in the magnetosphere around Earth. The captured data will help to improve our understanding of space weather, and in particular the dynamics of Earth’s radiation belts during periods of large disturbances inside the magnetosphere. A mission design analysis and several trade-off studies are conducted to find the requirements for the science payloads and spacecraft avionics design. Deducted from these requirements, four different payloads are proposed to gather science data in a highly elliptical orbit such as a geostationary transfer orbit. The precision magnetometer uses flux-gate technology to measure magnetic waves from 1 mHz to 10 Hz. The spin scanning particle telescope is built around a detector stack to measure electron spectra in the range of 30 keV to 10 MeV. Additionally, this mission serves as a technology demonstrator for the Coulomb drag experiment which proposes a new kind of electric solar wind sail utilising the Coulomb drag force imposed onto a 300 m long tether. The fourth payload investigates multilayer radiation shielding and single event effects. All payloads will be supported by a newly developed 6U platform using mostly commercial off-the-shelf components. Its proposed avionics face several unique design requirements rising from the payloads and the preferred highly elliptical orbit for this mission.