bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staffing and Worker Injury in Nursing Homes
Authors: Trinkoff Alison M. , Johantgen Meg , Muntaner Carles , Le Rong 
Published: June 2005

Objectives. We examined the relationship between nursing home staffing levels and worker injury rates in 445 nursing homes in 3 states. Methods. We obtained First Reports of Injury and workers’ compensation data from 3 states (Ohio, West Virginia, and Maryland) for the year 2000. We then linked these data to Medicare’s Online Survey, Certification and Reporting system to obtain nursing home staffing details and organizational descriptors. We used ordinary least squares and log-transformed regression models to examine the association between worker injury rate and nursing home staffing and organizational characteristics. Results. Total nursing hours per resident day were significantly associated with worker injury rates in nursing homes after we adjusted for organizational characteristics and state dummy variables (P=.0004). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that nursing home staffing levels have an important impact on worker health. These findings were supported for multiple facilities across different states; therefore, policies and resources that increase staffing levels in nursing homes are warranted.
Evaluation of the Cytochrome b5/Cytochrome b5 Reductase Pathway
Authors: Trepanier Lauren A. , Bajad Sunil U. , Kurian Joseph R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNADH cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R; EC 1.6.2.2; Diaphorase I; NADH: ferricytochrome b5 oxidoreductase) is an FAD‐containing protein, which, along with the hemoprotein cytochrome b5 (cyt b5), mediates electron transfer from NADH to fatty acid desaturases, P450 oxidases, methemoglobin, and ascorbyl free radical. In addition, b5R and cyt b5 can directly catalyze the reduction of hydroxylamine and amidoxime metabolites. This unit provides protocols for measuring the activity and mRNA expression of the cytochrome b5/cytochrome b5 reductase pathway, and for obtaining heterologous expression and purification of the soluble forms of each protein.
Quantification of F2‐Isoprostanes by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry as a Measure of Oxidant Stress
Authors: Musiek Erik S. , Morrow Jason D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOxidative stress has been implicated in a wide variety of disease processes. One method to quantify oxidative injury is to measure lipid peroxidation. Most methods to do this are fraught with problems particularly when utilized to assess oxidative stress in vivo. On the other hand, quantification of a group of prostaglandin F2‐like compounds, termed the F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoPs) provides an accurate assessment of oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo and has come to be regarded as the gold standard to quantify lipid peroxidation. This unit describes methods to assess lipid peroxidation associated with oxidant injury in vivo by quantifying concentrations of either esterified or free F2‐IsoPs in biological fluids and tissues. The techniques employed for the analysis of these compounds from biological sources that are detailed herein utilize mass spectrometric approaches. Measurement of F2‐IsoPs represents an important advance in the ability to assess the role of oxidative stress in human disease.
Expanded‐Bed Adsorption Chromatography
Authors: Kennedy Robert M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExpanded‐bed adsorption (EBA) chromatography is a convenient and effective technique for the capture of proteins directly from unclarified crude sample. In EBA chromatography, the settled bed is first expanded by upward flow of equilibration buffer. The crude feed, a mixture of soluble proteins, contaminants, cells, and cell debris, is then passed upward through the expanded bed. Target proteins are captured on the adsorbent, while particulates and contaminants pass through. A change to elution buffer while maintaining upward flow results in desorption of the target protein in expanded‐bed mode. Alternatively, if the flow is reversed, the adsorbed particles will quickly settle and the proteins can be desorbed by an elution buffer. The mode used for elution (expanded‐bed versus settled‐bed) depends on the characteristics of the feed. After elution, the adsorbent is cleaned with a predefined cleaning‐in‐place (CIP) solution, with cleaning followed by either column regeneration (for further use) or storage.
Impact characterization of a carbon fiber‐epoxy laminate using a nonconservative model
Authors: Martínez A. B. , Sánchez‐Soto M. , Velasco J. I. , Maspoch M. Ll. , Santana O. O. , Gordillo A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe study of polymer and composite behavior under high strain rates is of fundamental relevance to determine the material suitability for a selected application. However, the impact phenomenon is a very complicated event, mainly due to the short duration, large deformation, and high stresses developed in the sample. In this work, we have performed impact tests over a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy using low‐energy in the striker. A nonconservative and nonlineal spring‐dashpot series model has been proposed to reproduce the material behavior. The model considers simultaneously both flexural and indentation phenomena accounting for energy losses by means of the restitution coefficient. Using this model, an excellent fit between the predicted and the experimental force‐time trace has been obtained below the composite failure point, which was recognized by a separation of both mentioned curves. As the epoxy‐fiber laminate has a very low viscoelasticity, the high strain rate Young's modulus obtained from the model was compared with that extracted from a conventional three point bending test, finding a very good match between the values. The study of the dashpot coefficients allows concluding that the dominant mechanism is the composite flexion, while the indentation effects contribution takes on importance at low impact velocities. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2256–2263, 2005
Isolation, cloning, and tissue expression of a putative octopamine/tyramine receptor from locust visceral muscle tissues
Authors: Molaei Goudarz , Paluzzi Jean‐Paul , Bendena William G. , Lange Angela B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOctopamine has been shown to play major roles in invertebrate nervous systems as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurohormone. Tyramine is the biochemical precursor of octopamine and its neuromodulatory role is now being investigated and clarified in invertebrates, particularly in insects. Both octopamine and tyramine mediate their actions via G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are believed to play important functions in the regulation of physiological processes in locust oviduct. Here we report the isolation, cloning, and tissue expression of a putative octopamine/tyramine receptor from the locust, Locusta migratoria. Degenerate oligonucleotides in PCR reactions were first used to obtain partial cDNA sequences and then these partial sequences were used in screens to obtain a full‐length cDNA. The cloned cDNA is about 3.1 kb long and encodes a protein of 484 amino acid residues with typical characteristics of GPCRs including seven transmembrane domains and many signature residues. The amino acid sequence of the cloned cDNA displays sequence similarities with known GPCRs, particularly octopamine/tyramine receptors. Screening of the locust genomic DNA library resulted in isolation of a genomic DNA with the same size as the cDNA, indicating that the gene is intronless. RT‐PCR and Northern blot analyses revealed the expression of the receptor mRNA in brain, ventral nerve cord, oviduct, and midgut tissues. Southern blot analyses using EcoRI and HindIII restriction endonucleases recognized at least two distinct gene bands. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 59:132–149, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and pharmacological analysis of an octopamine receptor from american cockroach and fruit fly in response to plant essential oils
Authors: Enan Essam E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOctopamine receptors from American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Pa oa1), and fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (OAMB), were cloned and permanently expressed in HEK‐293 cells, and found to activate adenylate cyclase activity and increase [Ca2+]i levels through G‐protein coupled receptor signaling pathways. Sequencing information (GenBank accession number AY333178) and functional data of Pa oa1 were recently published. Saturation binding analysis with 3H‐yohimbine was performed with Pa oa1 and OAMB expressed in COS‐7 cells. The Kd values were determined to be 28.4 and 43.0 nM, respectively. Bmax was determined to be 11.8 and 8.04 pmol receptor/mg protein, respectively. Competitive binding data using cell membranes expressing either OAMB or Pa oa1 demonstrated significantly decreased binding activity in binding assays performed in the presence of plant essential oils, eugenol, cinnamic alcohol, and trans‐anethole. Eugenol decreased cAMP level in HEK‐293 cells expressing Pa oa1, but trans‐anethole increased cAMP in HEK‐293 cells expressing OAMB. All three chemicals increased [Ca2+]i level in both cell models. Toxicity data against fruit flies and American cockroaches demonstrated species differences in response to treatment with tested plant essential oils. The toxicity of tested chemicals against wild type and octopamine mutant (iav) fly strains suggested that an octopamine receptor mediates the toxicity of cinnamic alcohol, eugenol, trans‐antehole, and 2‐phenethyl propionate against fruit flies. Collectively, the data suggest a correlation between cellular changes induced by tested plant essential oils and their toxicity against fruit fly and American cockroach. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 59:161–171, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Damage caused by Wegener's granulomatosis and its treatment: Prospective data from the Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET)
Authors: Seo Philip , Min Yuan‐I. , Holbrook Janet T. , Hoffman Gary S. , Merkel Peter A. , Spiera Robert , Davis John C. , Ytterberg Steven R. , St. Clair E. William , McCune W. Joseph , Specks Ulrich , Allen Nancy B. , Luqmani Raashid A. , Stone John H. ,   WGET Research Group
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze damage occurring in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) enrolled in the WG Etanercept Trial (WGET) and to correlate that damage with disease activity, adverse events, and quality of life.MethodsThe Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) was applied to all 180 patients at trial entry and every 6 months throughout the trial. Items of damage were analyzed by presumed etiology (i.e., secondary to WG, to therapy, or both) and time of occurrence. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated between VDI scores and the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for WG (BVAS/WG), frequency of flares, number of adverse events, and the patients' quality‐of‐life assessments.ResultsThe mean VDI score was 1.3 at the study enrollment and 1.8 at the end of the trial. This increase was due to damage that occurred despite (or because of) therapy, including visual impairment, hearing loss, nasal blockade, pulmonary fibrosis, hypertension, renal insufficiency, peripheral neuropathy, gonadal failure, and diabetes mellitus. Only 11% of the enrolled patients had not sustained a single VDI item after 1 year of enrollment. When adjusted for baseline VDI, the baseline BVAS/WG correlated moderately well with the VDI score at 1 year (r = 0.20, P = 0.015). Increases in adjusted VDI scores also correlated with the number of adverse events, particularly among patients with limited WG (P = 0.06).ConclusionDamage from both active disease and its treatment remain important problems for patients with WG. Despite the dramatic improvements in patient survival achieved over the last several decades, only a few patients with WG emerge from a period of active disease without sustaining some damage from the disease itself, its treatment, or both. An important measure of future therapeutic approaches will be their ability to reduce the damage accrued over time.
Anti–tumor necrosis factor α blockade in the treatment of juvenile spondylarthropathy
Authors: Tse Shirley M. L. , Burgos‐Vargas Ruben , Laxer Ronald M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectivePersistent inflammation refractory to standard antirheumatic therapy in children with juvenile spondylarthropathy (SpA) leads to morbidity and reduced quality of life. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of synovitis and enthesitis. This study was undertaken to examine the impact of anti‐TNFα agents on juvenile SpA that is refractory to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and corticosteroids.MethodsTen juvenile SpA patients with a mean ± SEM age of 15.0 ± 0.7 years and disease duration of 4.4 ± 0.8 years, all of whom were HLA–B27 positive, were followed up for 1 year after initiation of either infliximab (n = 8) or etanercept (n = 2). Outcomes examined were within‐subject differences in the tender entheseal count (TEC) and active joint count (AJC), markers of inflammation, functional assessments (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire [C‐HAQ] score), and requirements for antirheumatic drugs.ResultsAt baseline, all patients exhibited active arthritis and enthesitis that were resistant to NSAIDs (n = 10), methotrexate (n = 6), sulfasalazine (n = 8), corticosteroids (oral n = 6, intravenous pulse n = 3, and intraarticular n = 6), and bisphosphonates (n = 2). In 2 patients, sulfasalazine (n = 2), corticosteroids (n = 1), and bisphosphonates (n = 1) were stopped after initiation of the anti‐TNFα agent. In all patients, the arthritis and enthesitis significantly improved as evidenced by remission of the TEC and AJC by 6 months that was sustained during the 1‐year followup, markers of inflammation and C‐HAQ scores normalized, and there was a reduction in requirements for antirheumatic drugs (reduced dosage or discontinuation of NSAIDs n = 10, methotrexate n = 5, sulfasalazine n = 6, corticosteroids n = 4, and bisphosphonates n = 1).ConclusionAnti‐TNFα therapy is a potential novel treatment for refractory juvenile SpA. Further prospective studies are required to examine the effectiveness and long‐term outcomes of anti‐TNFα therapy in this cohort.
Association of the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase R620W variant with rheumatoid arthritis, but not Crohn's disease, in Canadian populations
Authors: Van Oene Mark , Wintle Richard F. , Liu Xiangdong , Yazdanpanah Mehrdad , Gu Xiangjun , Newman Bill , Kwan Albert , Johnson Benjamin , Owen Julie , Greer Wenda , Mosher Dianne , Maksymowych Walter , Keystone Ed , Rubin Laurence A. , Amos Christopher I. , Siminovitch Katherine A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveA single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the PTPN22 gene encoding the lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) has recently been identified as a functional variant associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus. To determine whether association of this variant (PTPN22 1858T) with RA is reproducible and is also observed in another autoimmune condition, Crohn's disease, we investigated the association between the PTPN22 1858T allele and RA and Crohn's disease in a Canadian population.MethodsTwo RA case–control cohorts representing a total of 1,234 patients and 791 healthy controls as well as a cohort of 455 patients with Crohn's disease and 190 controls were genotyped for the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism, and genotype frequencies were compared between patients and controls.ResultsSignificant association of the PTPN22 1858T allele with RA was detected in both the Toronto‐based RA cohort (P = 1.6 × 10−6, odds ratio [OR] 1.8) and the Halifax‐based RA cohort (P = 9.4 × 10−4, OR 1.94). Association of the risk allele with RA was not affected by sex, age at disease onset, or the presence of either rheumatoid factor or rheumatoid nodules. No association between the PTPN22 risk allele and Crohn's disease was detected.ConclusionThese observations confirm the association of RA susceptibility with the PTPN22 1858T allele. However, the data also reveal a lack of association between this variant and Crohn's disease, suggesting that the PTPN22 1858T allele is a risk allele for multiple, but not all, autoimmune diseases.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA): XXV. Smoking, older age, disease activity, lupus anticoagulant, and glucocorticoid dose as risk factors for the occurrence of venous thrombosis in lupus patients
Authors: Calvo‐Alén Jaime , Toloza Sergio M. A. , Fernández Mónica , Bastian Holly M. , Fessler Barri J. , Roseman Jeffrey M. , McGwin Gerald , Vilá Luis M. , Reveille John D. , Alarcón Graciela S. ,   LUMINA Study Group
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveVenous thrombosis is a relatively frequent and serious complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that has been associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). However, venous thrombotic events can also be seen in patients without aPL, and only a few patients with aPL develop venous thrombosis. This study was carried out to ascertain other factors contributing to the development of venous thrombosis in SLE.MethodsPatients with SLE, ages ≥16 years with ≤5 years disease duration and of Hispanic, African American, or Caucasian ethnicity, from LUMINA (LUpus in MInorities, NAture versus nurture), a multiethnic, longitudinal study of outcome, were studied. Selected socioeconomic/demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment‐exposure variables were compared between patients who developed and those who did not develop venous thrombotic events. Significant and clinically relevant variables were then entered into different multivariable models (Cox proportional hazards and unconditional stepwise logistic regression) to identify independent risk factors associated with the primary outcome. In another model, only patients who developed an event after enrollment (time 0) in the cohort were included.ResultsOf 570 LUMINA patients, 51 developed at least 1 venous thrombotic event after SLE diagnosis. In univariable analyses, smoking (P = 0.020), shorter disease duration at time 0 (P = 0.017), serum levels of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, and triglycerides (all P < 0.0001), and presence of lupus anticoagulant (LAC) (P = 0.045) were associated with venous thrombotic events. Survival analyses showed a time‐dependent significant association of the primary outcome with smoking (P = 0.008) and a borderline significant association with the presence of LAC (P = 0.070). Multivariable models showed an independent association with smoking, age at time 0, disease activity over time, LAC, mean dose of glucocorticoids, and shorter disease duration at time 0.ConclusionVenous thrombotic events occur early in the course of SLE. Our data confirm the association between LAC and venous thrombotic events. Smoking, shorter disease duration, older age, disease activity over time, and higher mean daily glucocorticoid dose were identified as additional risk factors for the development of this vascular complication. These findings may have implications for the management of patients with SLE.
Molecular Recognition of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics by Bacterial Defence Proteins: NMR Study of the Structural and Conformational Features of Streptomycin Inactivation by Bacillus subtilis Aminoglycoside‐6‐adenyl Transferase
Authors: Corzana Francisco , Cuesta Igor , Bastida Agatha , Hidalgo Ana , Latorre Montserrat , González Carlos , García‐Junceda Eduardo , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Asensio Juan Luis. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe molecular recognition of streptomycin by Bacillus subtilis aminoglycoside‐6‐adenyl transferase has been analysed by a combination of NMR techniques and molecular dynamic simulations. This protein inactivates streptomycin by transferring an adenyl group to position six of the streptidine moiety. Our combined approach provides valuable information about the bioactive conformation for both the antibiotic and ATP and shows that the molecular recognition process for streptomycin involves a conformational selection phenomenon. The binding epitope for both ligands has also been analysed by 1D‐STD experiments. Finally, the specificity of the recognition process with respect to the aminoglycoside and to the nucleotide has been studied.
Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of Stereochemically Labile Aldehyde Helicates and Subsequent Chirality Transfer Reactions
Authors: Johansson Anna , Håkansson Mikael 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHelical complexes formed between aluminum tris(2,6‐diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH) and five different aldehydes have been prepared and structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction. It was found that [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3PhCHO] (2), [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3(4‐CH3C6H4CHO)] (3), [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3(4‐tBuC6H4CHO)] (4), and [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3(p‐CH3OC6H4CHO)] (5) all crystallize as conglomerates, while crystals of [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3(o‐CH3OC6H4CHO)] (6) are racemic. Supramolecular CH/π interactions between molecules in crystals of 2–5 that enable stereochemical information to be mediated in three dimensions have been identified and explain the high frequency of conglomerate formation among ATPH helicates. Since 2–5 are stereochemically labile and thus enantiomerize rapidly in solution, the conglomerates can be resolved by crystallization‐induced asymmetric transformation. The determination of the enantiomeric excess (ee) in solid samples of stereochemically labile molecules is not trivial, but solid‐state CD spectroscopic data, anomalous dispersion data, and the ee values in alkylation reactions all indicate that preferential crystallization of 2–5 yields an essentially enantiopure product. Thus the preparation of 2–5 constitute new examples of absolute asymmetric synthesis. The helical chirality can be transferred (and thus trapped) to alcohols (with ee values of up to 16 %) in crystal‐to‐crystal reactions with achiral organometallic reagents.
Chicken gizzard filamin, retina filamin and cgABP260 are respectively, smooth muscle‐, non‐muscle‐ and pan‐muscle‐type isoforms: Distribution and localization in muscles
Authors: Ohashi Kazuyo , Oshima Koji , Tachikawa Masaji , Morikawa Nao , Hashimoto Yousuke , Ito Masayo , Mori Hajime , Kuribayashi Tomoko , Terasaki Asako G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe determined the full cDNA sequences of chicken gizzard filamin and cgABP260 (chicken gizzard actin‐binding protein 260). The primary and secondary structures predicted by these sequences were similar to those of chicken retina filamin and human filamins. Like mammals, chickens have 3 filamin isoforms. Comparison of their amino acid sequences indicated that gizzard filamin, retina filamin, and cgABP260 were the counterparts of human FLNa (filamin a), b, and c, respectively. Antibodies against the actin‐binding domain (ABD) of these 3 filamin isoforms were raised in rabbits. Using immunoabsorption and affinity chromatography, we prepared the monospecific antibody against the ABD of each filamin. In immunoblotting, the antibody against the gizzard filamin ABD detected a single band in gizzard, but not in striated muscles or brain. In brain, only the antibody against the retina filamin ABD produced a strong single band. The antibody against the cgABP260 ABD detected a single peptide band in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle. In immunofluorescence microscopy of muscular tissues using these antibodies, the antibody against the gizzard filamin ABD only stained smooth muscle cells, and the antibody against the retina filamin ABD strongly stained endothelial cells of blood vessels and weakly stained cells in connective tissue. The antibody against the cgABP260 ABD stained the Z‐lines and myotendinous junctions of breast muscle, the Z‐lines and intercalated disks of cardiac muscle, and dense plaques of smooth muscle. These findings indicate that chicken gizzard filamin, retina filamin, and cgABP260 are, respectively, smooth muscle‐type, non‐muscle‐type, and pan‐muscle‐type filamin isoforms. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 61:214–225, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.