bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelets, protease-activated receptors, and fibrinogen in hematogenous metastasis
Authors: Camerer Eric , Qazi Aisha A. , Duong Daniel N. , Cornelissen Ivo , Advincula Rommel , Coughlin Shaun R. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Procoagulant activity on tumor cells can enhance their ability to spread via the circulation to colonize distant organs. Toward defining the relative importance of the main host responses to coagulation for hematogenous metastasis, we examined lung metastases after intravenous injection of melanoma cells in Nf-E2-/- mice, which have virtually no circulating platelets; Par4-/- mice, which have platelets that fail to respond to thrombin; Par1 and Par2-/- mice, which have markedly attenuated endothelial responses to coagulation proteases; and Fib-/- mice, which lack fibrinogen. In a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) background, median lung tumor count in Nf-E2-/-, Par4-/-, and Fib-/- mice was 6%, 14%, and 24% of wild type, respectively; total tumor burden was only 4%, 9%, and 3% of wild type, respectively. Similar results were seen in a syngeneic C57BL6 background. By contrast, deficiencies of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) or PAR2 did not provide protection. These results provide strong genetic evidence that platelets play a key role in hematogenous metastasis and contribute to this process by both thrombin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, PAR4 heterozygosity conferred some protection against metastasis in this model. Thus even partial attenuation of platelet function may be sufficient to provide benefit. (Blood. 2004;104:397-401)
Benefit and Timing of Second Transplantations in Multiple Myeloma: Clinical Findings and Methodological Limitations in a European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Study
Authors: Morris C. , Iacobelli S. , Brand R. , Bjorkstrand B. , Drake M. , Niederwieser D. , Gahrton G. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose To use European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry data to assess the benefit and optimal timing of a double-autologous transplantation strategy for patients with myeloma. Patients and Methods 7,452 transplantation patients described as being either in a multiple graft program (“planned”) or not, were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Subsequent multivariate analyses concentrated on the real occurrence of second transplantation, survival, relapse, and transplant-related mortality. Results Although the transplantation rate in the planned group failed to reach 60%, the median survival from transplantation is 60 months for the planned, compared with 51 months for the remainder group. While the hazard ratio of the planned group is 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.00; P =.05) before approximately 70 months, this “effect” is reversed after 70 months, with the hazard ratio estimated as 3.01 (95% CI, 1.07 to 8.46; P = .04). A time-dependent multivariate Cox analysis shows that, taking patients without a second transplantation as a reference group, those receiving a second transplantation in first remission (ie, before relapse) show an increased probability of transplant-related mortality, especially if the transplantation is performed more than 12 months after the first, and the reduction of the risk of relapse is less than when the transplantation is performed earlier. Performing a second transplantation after relapse does not seem to prolong survival, though a second transplantation before relapse is associated with a higher probability of mortality. Conclusion To improve survival of tandem autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma, the second transplantation should preferably be performed before relapse and within 6 to 12 months of the first transplantation.
Impaired Leptin Expression and Abnormal Response to Fasting in Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Deficient Mice
Authors: Jeong Kyeong-Hoon , Sakihara Satoru , Widmaier Eric P. , Majzoub Joseph A. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Leptin has been postulated to comprise part of an adipostat, whereby during states of excessive energy storage, elevated levels of the hormone prevent further weight gain by inhibiting appetite. A physiological role for leptin in this regard remains unclear because the presence of excessive food, and therefore the need to restrain overeating under natural conditions, is doubtful. We have previously shown that CRH-deficient (Crh−/−) mice have glucocorticoid insufficiency and lack the fasting-induced increase in glucocorticoid, a hormone important in stimulating leptin synthesis and secretion. We hypothesized that these mice might have low circulating leptin. Indeed, Crh−/− mice exhibited no diurnal variation of leptin, whereas normal littermates showed a clear rhythm, and their leptin levels were lower than their counterparts. A continuous peripheral CRH infusion to Crh−/− mice not only restored corticosterone levels, but it also increased leptin expression to normal. Surprisingly, 36 h of fasting elevated leptin levels in Crh−/− mice, rather than falling as in normal mice. This abnormal leptin change during fasting in Crh−/− mice was corrected by corticosterone replacement. Furthermore, Crh−/− mice lost less body weight during 24 h of fasting and ate less food during refeeding than normal littermates. Taken together, we conclude that glucocorticoid insufficiency in Crh−/− mice results in impaired leptin production as well as an abnormal increase in leptin during fasting, and propose that the fast-induced physiological reduction in leptin may play an important role to stimulate food intake during the recovery from fasting.
Rhythmic Secretion of Prolactin in Rats: Action of Oxytocin Coordinated by Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Origin
Authors: Egli Marcel , Bertram Richard , Sellix Michael T. , Freeman Marc E. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is secreted from lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland of rats in a unique pattern in response to uterine cervical stimulation (CS) during mating. Surges of PRL secretion occur in response to relief from hypothalamic dopaminergic inhibition and stimulation by hypothalamic releasing neurohormones. In this study, we characterized the role of oxytocin (OT) in this system and the involvement of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in controlling OT and PRL secretion of CS rats. The effect of OT on PRL secretion was demonstrated in cultured lactotrophs showing simultaneous enhanced secretion rate and increased intracellular Ca2+. Neurosecretory OT cells of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that express VIP receptors were identified by using immunocytochemical techniques in combination with the retrogradely transported neuronal tracer Fluoro-Gold (iv injected). OT measurements of serial blood samples obtained from ovariectomized (OVX) CS rats displayed a prominent increase at the time of the afternoon PRL peak. The injection of VIP antisense oligonucleotides into the SCN abolished the afternoon increase of OT and PRL in CS-OVX animals. These findings suggest that VIP from the SCN contributes to the regulation of OT and PRL secretion in CS rats. We propose that in CS rats the regulatory mechanism(s) for PRL secretion comprise coordinated action of neuroendocrine dopaminergic and OT cells, both governed by the daily rhythm of VIP-ergic output from the SCN. This hypothesis is illustrated with a mathematical model.
Solid State 31P MAS NMR Detection of Hydrogen-bonded Phosphate Polymer in Calcium–Phosphate Composites
Authors: Onoda Akira , Doi Mototsugu , Takahashi Kazuyuki , Okamura Taka-aki , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Ueyama Norikazu 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
A novel poly(vinyl phosphate) ligand was synthesized as a model of biopolymer ligands containing the OH···O hydrogen bonds and CaHPO4·2H2O (brushite) composites with the polymer ligands were also prepared. Successful detection of the polymer ligand binding to the CaHPO4·2H2O crystals is achieved by 31P MAS NMR with 1 pda (single pulse with decoupling and phase cycling) sequence, which enhances 31P signals of the phosphate polymer having shorter T1 value.
Novel Reversed Chain Modified Oligopeptides via Sequential α-N-Mitsunobu Condensation of a Functionalized C-glycoside
Authors: Turner John J , Sikkema Friso D , Erkelens Kees , Marel Gijs A van der , Overkleeft Herman S , Boom Jacques H van , Overhand Mark 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The synthesis of a novel reversed chain modified oligopeptide via sequential α-N-Mitsunobu condensation reactions on a C-glycoside with amino acid derived nitrobenzenesulfonamides is described. Structural analysis of the target compound 11 using NMR techniques indicates a folded structure.
Enhanced Two-photon Properties of Tri-branched Styryl Derivatives Based on 1,3,5-Triazine
Authors: Meng Fanshun , Li Bo , Qian Shixiong , Chen Kongchang , Tian He 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Novel styryl derivatives with triphenylamine as donor and 1,3,5-triazine as acceptor were synthesized and their one- and two-photon properties were investigated. These molecules show large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections and strong two-photon fluorescence. TPA cross section is as large as 1.64 × 10−20 cm4/GW for the tri-branched molecule.
Microwave Polyol Synthesis and Characterizations of Carbon-supported Pt and Ru Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Weixiang , Zhao Jie , Lee Jim Yang , Liu Zhaolin 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Carbon-supported platinum and ruthenium nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave-assisted polyol heating process. TEM observations showed that the Pt and Ru particles prepared as such have uniform shapes and sizes, and well dispersed on the carbon surface. The average particle size was 3.1 nm for Pt and 2.9 nm for Ru.
Green Protocol for the Synthesis of vicinal-Halohydrins from Oxiranes Using the [Bmim]PF6/LiX Reagent System
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V S , Reddy Ch Srinivas , Rajasekhar K 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Epoxides undergo rapid ring-opening with lithium halides in [bmim]PF6 or [bmim]BF4 ionic liquids under mild and neutral conditions to afford the corresponding vic-halohydrins in high to quantitative yields. The epoxides show enhanced reactivity in ionic liquids thereby reducing reaction times and improving the yields significantly. The recovered ionic liquid can be reused in three to four subsequent runs with consistent activity.
Influential Characteristics of Physician/Pharmacist Collaborative Relationships
Authors: Zillich Alan J , McDonough Randal P , Carter Barry L , Doucette William R 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND A theoretical model of physician/pharmacist collaborative relationships, driven by 3 groups of relationship characteristics termed participant, context, and exchange, has been developed. There are no studies that have examined the types of characteristics which most influence development of collaborative relationships between physicians and pharmacists. OBJECTIVE To test the model and determine which drivers most influence physician/pharmacist collaboration. METHODS Data on the relationship drivers and collaborative practice were collected via a mailed survey of a random sample of 1000 primary care physicians in Iowa. Participant variables include demographics; context drivers refer to the practice environment and professional interactions between physicians and pharmacists. Exchange characteristics describe the nature of social exchange and were elicited using scores from 3 domains (relationship initiation, trustworthiness, role specification) of the Physician/Pharmacist Collaboration Instrument (PPCI). Five additional questions asked about the physician's collaborative practice with a pharmacist. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was performed with collaborative practice as the dependent variable and measures of participant, context, and exchange drivers as independent variables. RESULTS Three hundred forty usable surveys (34%) were returned. Almost 70% of the respondents were male and aged 45.8 ± 9.9 years (mean ± SD). The majority were family practice physicians (72.1%) in private practice (67.3%). Regression analyses produced an R2 = 0.804 (p < 0.001). Significant predictors in the model were internal medicine physicians, professional interaction with a pharmacist, and the 3 domains of exchange drivers from the PPCI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although participant and context factors influenced physician/pharmacist collaborative relationships, exchange characteristics were the most influential relationship drivers. Role specification, trustworthiness, and relationship initiation were positively associated with physician/pharmacist collaborative practice. Recognition of these drivers may help pharmacists who are developing collaborative working relationships with physicians. But, studies are needed to delineate other factors that may influence physician/pharmacist relationships.
Lichenoid Drug Eruption Probably Associated with Rofecoxib
Authors: Abu-Shraie Nada A , Alfadley Abdullah A 
Published: March 2004

OBJECTIVE To report a case of lichenoid drug eruption (LDE) probably induced by rofecoxib. CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old woman was prescribed rofecoxib 25 mg/day for rheumatoid arthritis in addition to other medications on which the patient had been stabilized. Six months after initiation of rofecoxib, linear plaques over the infra-orbital and bitemporal areas of both eyes were observed. Several itchy violaceous papules also developed on her right wrist and dorsum of the left foot. She also had a hyperpigmented macule on her right buccal mucosa. As the skin rash was localized and the patient was initially unwilling to undergo skin biopsy, rofecoxib was continued and a topical steroid was started. One month later, the patient was seen in the dermatology clinic, and the improvement of her skin reaction was significant. A skin biopsy performed during this visit was consistent with LDE. On the next day, her rheumatologist decided to discontinue the offending drug, rofecoxib. Two months later, all skin lesions had completely resolved. No rechallenge with rofecoxib was attempted. DISCUSSION LDE is a rare skin reaction that can be associated with several drugs. Rofecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, has never before been reported to cause LDE. An objective causality assessment indicates that rofecoxib was the probable cause of the skin reaction. CONCLUSIONS As of this writing, to our knowledge, this is the first case report in the English literature in which rofecoxib had led to the development of LDE.
Tibolone: A Unique Version of Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Swegle John M , Kelly Michael W 
Published: March 2004

OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis. DATA SOURCES Information was obtained from a MEDLINE search (1966–July 2003) and from Organon International. The bibliographies of reviewed literature were searched for additional studies. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Studies and review articles evaluating tibolone were evaluated. Since tibolone has been available for many years in Europe and has an extensive literature base, this review emphasizes information from studies published after 1995. DATA SYNTHESIS Tibolone possesses estrogenic activity and is effective for treating the symptoms and osteoporosis associated with menopause. While the impact of tibolone on the risk of breast cancer or cardiovascular and thromboembolic events is not well defined, its unique pharmacologic profile may provide a safer alternative to traditional hormone replacement therapy. Although widely used for many years in other countries, tibolone has not been approved for use in the US. CONCLUSIONS Results of recent trials have led to questions regarding the safety of established hormone replacement therapies in peri- and postmenopausal women. Tibolone appears to be an attractive alternative to these traditional regimens. Additional studies will determine whether the promise of increased safety with tibolone will be realized.
Possible Association of Acute Lateral-Wall Myocardial Infarction and Bitter Orange Supplement
Authors: Nykamp Diane L , Fackih Majed N , Compton Anthony L 
Published: March 2004

OBJECTIVE To report a possible incidence of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction (MI) coinciding with the use of a Citrus aurantium L. (bitter orange)—containing dietary supplement in a patient with undetected coronary vascular disease. CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old white woman presented to the emergency department with symptoms of dull aching shoulder and chest pain. A review of medications during cardiac rehabilitation revealed the patient had ingested a multicomponent dietary supplement for weight loss containing 300 mg of bitter orange (Edita's Skinny Pill) for the past year. Although the patient's past medical history did not include hypertension, coronary disease, or hyperlipidemia, an arteriogram revealed a lesion in the left main coronary artery. She did have a smoking history. She was diagnosed with acute lateral-wall MI and hospitalized for 4 days. DISCUSSION Consumers generally consider dietary supplements safe. However, some supplements taken for weight loss contain ingredients that have been associated with cardiovascular events. Although consumers are becoming more aware of the serious adverse effects secondary to products containing ingredients such as Ma huang and ephedra, reports involving other ingredients are increasing. Bitter orange or synephrine, found in bitter orange, has been associated with adverse cardiovascular reactions. Based on the Naranjo probability scale, C. aurantium is possibly associated with this cardiovascular event. CONCLUSIONS The use of C. aurantium—containing supplements may present as a risk for cardiovascular toxicity; however, additional studies/case reports are needed to validate this conclusion.
Assessing the Clinical Impact of Prostate-Specific Antigen Assay Variability and Nonequimolarity: A Simulation Study Based on the Population of the United Kingdom
Authors: Roddam Andrew W , Price Christopher P , Allen Naomi E , Ward Anthony Milford ,   the National Health Service Prostate Cancer Risk Management Programme
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used serum biomarker to differentiate between malignant and benign prostate disease. Assays that measure PSA can be biased and/or nonequimolar and hence report significantly different PSA values for samples with the same nominal amount. This report investigates the effects of biased and nonequimolar assays on the decision to recommend a patient for a prostate biopsy based on age-specific PSA values.Methods: A simulation model, calibrated to the distribution of PSA values in the United Kingdom, was developed to estimate the effects of bias, nonequimolarity, and analytical imprecision in terms of the rates of men who are recommended to have a biopsy on the basis of their assay-reported PSA values when their true PSA values are below the threshold (false positives) or vice versa (false negatives).Results: False recommendation rates for a calibrated equimolar assay are 0.5–0.9% for analytical imprecision between 5% and 10%. Positive bias leads to significant increases in false positives and significant decreases in false negatives, whereas negative bias has the opposite effect. False-positive rates for nonequimolar assays increase from 0.5% to 13% in the worst-case scenario, whereas false-negative rates are almost always 0%.Conclusions: Biased and nonequimolar assays can have major detrimental effects on both false-negative and false-positive rates for recommending biopsy. PSA assays should therefore be calibrated to the International Standards and be unbiased and equimolar in response to minimize the likelihood of incorrect clinical decisions, which are potentially detrimental for both patient and healthcare provider.
Coriolis-Massedurchflussmesser mit direkter Viskositätsmessung (Coriolis-mass-flowmeter with Direct Viscosity Measurement)
Authors: Drahm Wolfgang , Fuchs Michael , Bjönnes Hege , Matt Christian , Wenger Alfred , Sprich Hans-Jörg 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Massedurchfluss-Messgeräte nach dem Coriolisprinzip haben sich schon seit langem als präzise und robuste Feldgeräte bewährt. Diese Geräte lieferten schon bisher Prozessinformationen über Durchfluss, Dichte und Temperatur. Nun ist es gelungen, auch noch den wichtigen Prozessparameter Viskosität gleichzeitig und unabhängig zu erfassen. Damit steht ein wirklich „multivariables“ Prozessmessgerät zur Verfügung.
Fahrzeugumfelderfassung mit mehrzeiligen Laserscannern (The Use of Multi-Layer Laser Scanners for Monitoring the Environment of Driving Vehicles)
Authors: Fürstenberg Kay Ch. , Dietmayer Klaus C. J. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Es werden Methoden zur Fahrzeugumfelderfassung, basierend auf einem neuartigen mehrzeiligen Laserscanner als Sensor, vorgestellt. Mithilfe eines Sensormodell- und Objektmodell-gestützten Ansatzes zur Messsignalverarbeitung ist es möglich, andere Verkehrsteilnehmer wie Fußgänger, Radfahrer oder Kraftfahrzeuge zu detektieren, zu klassifizieren und in ihrem Bewegungsverhalten zu modellieren. Derartige Algorithmen bilden die Grundlage zum Aufbau eines konsistenten Fahrzeugumfeldmodells, das für zukünftige Sicherheits- und Komfortsysteme im Kraftfahrzeug benötigt wird.
Bedeutung der Informationsverarbeitung in Sensorsystemen (Importance of Signal Processing in Sensor Systems)
Authors: Kanoun Olfa , Tränkler Hans-Rolf 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Innovationen bei künftigen Sensorsystemen sind durch gleichzeitige Fortschritte bei den Herstellungstechnologien und bei der Signalverarbeitung charakterisiert. Erst durch ein abgestimmtes Zusammenspiel zwischen Herstellungstechnologie und Signalverarbeitung lassen sich Synergien für besonders erfolgreiche Lösungen erzielen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über die besondere Bedeutung der Informationstechnik in der heutigen Sensorik zu geben. Eine spezielle Betrachtung wird den Methoden der digitalen Signalverarbeitung zur Verbesserung der Sensoreigenschaften und Kompensation von unerwünschten Effekten gewidmet. Am Ende des Beitrags werden einige Entwicklungstendenzen für Sensorsysteme angeführt.