bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of 1,2‐dichloroethane from aqueous solutions with novel composite polydimethylsiloxane pervaporation membranes
Authors: Liang Liang , Dickson James M. , Zhu Zhen , Jiang Jianxiong , Brook Michael A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractComposite pervaporation membranes were prepared by the crosslinking of H‐terminated oligosilylstyrene (oligo‐SiH3) and vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (vinyl‐PDMS) on the surface of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes. The morphology of the composite pervaporation membranes were investigated through changes in the mass ratio of oligo‐SiH3 to vinyl‐PDMS. The pervaporation of crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane composite membranes was evaluated by the removal of 1,2‐dichloroethane (1,2‐DCE) from dilute aqueous solutions with different downstream pressures, feed temperatures, feed concentrations, and top layer thicknesses. A low feed flow rate, corresponding to a Reynolds number of 97, was maintained during the entire process. The separation factor of 1,2‐DCE was 600–4300, and the permeation rate of 1,2‐DCE was 0.4–15 g/m2 h; they depended on the operating conditions and the compositions of the membranes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1477–1491, 2005
Study of metal poisoning in natural rubber–based tire‐tread compound
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Mandot S. K. , Agrawal S. L. , Ameta R. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Gupta S. Das , Mukhopadhyay R. , Deuri A. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn the present study the effect of metal poisoning was studied in a natural rubber (NR)–based tire‐tread compound. The experimental compound contained 1000 ppm copper metal as an additional ingredient. A detailed study was carried out and the results of the experimental compound were compared against a control compound having no metal ion. The effect of metal poisoning was not significant in the case of the green experimental compound, even after prolonged storage of 150 days. However, the cured experimental compound deteriorated substantially after ageing in aerobic‐, anaerobic‐, oil‐, and outdoor‐ageing conditions. The ozone resistance property of the experimental compound also proved to be inferior. The degradation kinetic of metal poisoning was found to be a first‐order reaction and the service life (as expressed by the half‐life period) was drastically reduced for the poisoned compound. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1492–1499, 2005
Novel reactive diluents for UV/moisture dual‐curable coatings
Authors: Qi Yusong , Yang Jianwen , Zeng Zhaohua , Liao Zhengfu , Chen Yonglie 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe novel silicone‐modified polyacrylate reactive diluents for UV/moisture dual‐curable coatings were synthesized fromN,N‐bis[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine and multifunctional acrylates such as ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate and polyethyleneglycol diacrylate through Michael addition reaction. Their structures were characterized by NMR and FTIR and their average molecular weights were determined by vapor pressure osmometry. With FTIR, it was found that the obtained diluents could be cured both by UV radiation and moisture mode. The29Si‐NMR showed that dimer was the main condensation product at the initial stage of moisture curing. The rheological behavior of the diluents investigated by rotary viscometer indicated they were very close to Newtonian fluid, and the viscosity of coatings decreased evenly with increasing concentration of reactive diluents in the coatings. In particular, they were found to be highly efficient in diluency and reactivity for UV polymerization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1500–1504, 2005
Fourier transform IR and differential scanning calorimetry study of curing of trifunctional amino‐epoxy resin
Authors: Carrasco F. , Pagès P. , Lacorte T. , Briceño K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe curing process was studied for a trifunctional epoxy resin, triglycidyl‐p‐aminophenol, using the hardener 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone. Two curing cycles were carried out: one following the manufacturer's guidelines (2 h at 80°C, 1 h at 100°C, 4 h at 150°C, and 24 h at 200°C) and another proposed in this study, in which the two stages at low temperatures were excluded. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy was used to quantify the conversion of different functional groups (primary amine, secondary amine, epoxide, hydroxyl and ether functional groups), and these conversions could be used to infer the type of reactions that took place. These results allowed us to analyze the evolution of the curing process over time and the influence of the curing cycle. Furthermore, the enthalpy of the curing process was determined using differential scanning calorimetry, and from this the thermal conversion for the whole process was evaluated. By taking into account the autocatalytic kinetic model, the rate constants were evaluated. The glass‐transition temperatures were also estimated by applying different curing cycles to the resin. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1524–1535, 2005
Sonochemical cyclopolymerization of diallylamine in the presence of peroxomonosulfate
Authors: Vivekanandam T. S. , Gopalan A. , Vasudevan T. , Umapathy S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe cyclopolymerization of a symmetrical nonconjugated diolefin, diallylamine (DA), initiated by peroxomonosulfate (PMS), proceeded only in the presence of ultrasound. The rate of polymerization showed a first‐order dependence on DA and a half‐order dependence on PMS concentration. The results are adequately explained through a proposed mechanism involving alternate intramolecular and intermolecular propagation reactions. The rate parameters for the cyclopolymerization are evaluated. The role of ultrasound in the initiation of cyclopolymerization is discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1548–1553, 2005
The preparation and properties of segmented‐chain liquid crystalline polyesters based on 4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl by interfacial polycondensation
Authors: Jannesari Ali , Ghaffarian Seyed Reza , Taromi Faramarz Afshar , Mohammadi Naser 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThermotropic homopolyesters were prepared through interfacial polycondensation of 4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl with sebacoyl chloride. The optimal conditions of the process, in terms of the best yield, were studied through investigating the type of organic phase, amount of phase transfer agent, time and temperature of reaction, and volume ratio of aqueous to organic phase. The structure of the sample that had the best yield (53.235% ± 5%) was determined by means of elemental analysis, infrared spectra, and X‐ray. The effect of the molar ratio of the monomers on the yield and inherent viscosity was investigated. The inherent viscosity of the samples varied between 0.095 and 0.25 dL/g. The mesophase formed at elevated temperatures was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, and depolarizing transmittance measurements. Our observations revealed that poly(4, 4′‐diphenyl sebacate), in contrast to previous reports that suggest this polymer is smectgenic, could produce nematic phase. It could be concluded that the chemical structure ordering of the poly(4, 4′‐diphenyl sebacate) plays a significant role in its liquid crystalline behavior. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1594–1606, 2005
Improving oxygen barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by incorporating isophthalate. II. Effect of crystallization
Authors: Hu Y. S. , Hiltner A. , Baer E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe present study examined crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and a series of random and blocky copolymers in which up to 30% of the terephthalate was replaced with isophthalate. Isothermal crystallization kinetics and direct observation of the spherulitic morphology revealed that the blocky copolymers crystallized more rapidly than PET, at least in part, as the result of enhanced spherulite nucleation. The statistical copolymers with 10 and 20% isophthalate achieved almost the same level of crystallinity as that of the blocky copolymers. The statistical copolymers with 10% isophthalate crystallized almost as fast as PET, although the statistical copolymer with 20% isophthalate crystallized much more slowly. Crystallization substantially reduced the oxygen permeability. Analysis of oxygen‐transport parameters in terms of a two‐phase structural model that considered a dispersion of lower‐permeability spherulites in an amorphous matrix of higher permeability revealed that dedensification of the PET interlamellar amorphous regions was responsible for the unexpectedly high oxygen solubility of crystallized PET. In contrast, copolymerization with isophthalate prevented dedensification of the interlamellar amorphous regions. As a result, crystallization was more effective in reducing the oxygen permeability. It was speculated that segregation of kinked isophthalate units to the amorphous regions of the spherulite relieved constraint on the interlamellar amorphous chain segments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1629–1642, 2005
Copolymers of aniline and o‐methoxyaniline: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Mokreva Pavlina , Tsocheva Dimitrinka , Ivanova Galya , Terlemezyan Levon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHigh‐conversion (HC) copolymers of aniline and o‐methoxyaniline (o‐anizidine) were synthesized for the first time by chemical oxidative copolymerization by using various polymerization techniques (simultaneous or consecutive introduction of comonomers into the polymerizing system). Low‐conversion (LC) copolymers have also been synthesized for comparison. The polymers obtained were characterized by using 1H‐NMR, infrared, and electronic absorption spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry; and electrical conductivity measurements. Solubility characteristics and composition of different fractions of the copolymers were also determined. It was shown that, in contrast to the LC copolymers, HC copolymers reveal relatively poor solubility. Electrical conductivity of copolymers and also of o‐methoxyaniline homopolymer is lower as compared to polyaniline, which correlates with notable hypsochromic (blue) shift of the bands in electronic absorption spectra. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1822–1828, 2005
Synthesis and characterization of copolymer of styrene with methacrylic acid initiated by triphenylbismuthonium 1,2,3,4‐ tetraphenylcyclopentadienylide
Authors: Tripathi Seema , Srivastava A. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe radical copolymerization of styrene with methacrylic acid (MAA) initiated by triphenylbismuthonium 1,2,3,4‐tetraphenylcyclopentadienylide in dioxan at 80 ± 0.1 °C for 3 h results in the formation of alternating copolymer as evidenced from the values of reactivity ratios as r1 (styrene) = 0.03 and r2 (MAA) = 0.025. The kinetic expression is Rp α [I]0.5 [Sty] [MAA] and overall energy of activation is computed to be 23 kJ/mol. The FTIR spectrum of the copolymer shows the presence of bands at 3054 cm−1 assigned to the phenyl group of styrene and at 1724 cm−1 assigned to the COOH group of MAA. The 1H‐NMR spectrum of the copolymer shows peaks between 7.20 and 7.27 δ assigned to the phenyl protons of styrene and at 12.5 δ assigned to the COOH proton of MAA. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1838–1843, 2005
Toughening method and mechanisms for thermosets
Authors: Kim Nam Ho , Kim Ho Sung 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new toughening method that can be used to improve toughness for thermosets was developed. The method involved heat treatment to produce compressive residual stresses around hollow microspheres in solidified matrix. An epoxy resin system with expandable hollow microspheres for modification was adopted for demonstration. Toughening based on the method was shown to be more than twice as effective than the usual hollow microsphere toughening and its major toughening mechanism was deduced to be due to compressive residual stresses rather than cavitation. A necessary condition for cavitation in the presence of compressive residual stress was proposed and comparatively discussed for the toughening mechanisms involved. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1663–1667, 2005
DNA‐loaded porous polyethersulfone particles for environmental applications I. preparation
Authors: Zhao Changsheng , Sun Shudong , Yang Kaiguang , Nomizu Motoyoshi , Nishi Norio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDNA‐loaded porous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) particles are prepared for environmental applications by means of a liquid–liquid phase separation technique. The particles prepared by this method have very large porosity and specific surface area, which are useful as absorbents. By manipulating the fabrication conditions, we could control the microsphere structure, including the diameter and porosity of the particles, the pore size, and the specific surface area. Increasing the polymer concentration, which causes lower porosity and smaller pores on the outer surface of the microspheres, led to increased stability of the DNA‐loaded particles and high DNA incorporation efficiency. The DNA‐loaded porous PES particles could accumulate and remove a DNA intercalating pollutant, ethidium bromide (EB). Both the DNA amount incorporated in the particles and the microsphere structure have great effect on the EB removal ratio. These results indicate that the DNA‐loaded PES particles have the potential to be used in environmental applications, which will be further discussed in the following paper. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1668–1673, 2005
Radiation‐induced crosslinking of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers by means of electron beams
Authors: Gao Chunling , Li Shujun , Song Hongbing , Xie Liqing 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCrosslinking of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers (UHMW‐PE fibers) is investigated by means of electron beam irradiation. The structure and mechanical properties of the fibers in different irradiation atmospheres are discussed. The results show that the gel fraction and crosslinking density increase with the increase of absorbed dose. The swelling ratio and average molecular weight of crosslinked net decrease with the increase of absorbed dose. The relation between s + s−1 of the UHMW‐PE fibers and reciprocal irradiation dose 1/R is obtained. The tensile strength and failure elongation decrease with the increase of absorbed dose, and the tensile modulus increases with the increase of absorbed dose. The samples are irradiated in air, vacuum, and acetylene atmospheres, separately. The radiation effects, such as crosslinking fraction and mechanical properties of UHMW‐PE fibers, are the most significant in acetylene atmosphere in comparison with in air and in vacuum. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1761–1764, 2005
Dynamic mechanical characterization of a soy based epoxy resin system
Authors: Shabeer A. , Garg A. , Sundararaman S. , Chandrashekhara K. , Flanigan V. , Kapila S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEpoxidized allyl soyate (EAS), a novel soy based epoxy resin, has been prepared by the process of transesterfication and epoxidation of regular food grade soybean oil. Two types of crosslinking agents were employed in this study. The effects of the concentration of EAS and the type of crosslinking agent on the dynamic mechanical behavior of the soy based resin system have been investigated. The room temperature storage moduli (E′) and the glass transition temperatures (Tg) increased for the anhydride cured and decreased for the amine cured resins. The loss tangent maximum (tan δ)max decreased for anhydride cured resins and increased for amine cured resins. The effect of frequency on the storage modulus was also studied. Master curves were constructed by the time‐temperature superpositioning technique (TTS) to predict the storage modulus at times and temperatures that are not experimentally feasible. The results indicate that soy based epoxy resins with appropriate concentrations hold great potential as a replacement for petroleum based materials in noise and vibration attenuation applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1772–1780, 2005
Reduction mechanism of L‐cysteine on keratin fibers using microspectrophotometry and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kuzuhara Akio , Hori Teruo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn order to investigate the reduction mechanism of L‐cysteine (Cys) on keratin fibers, cross‐sectional samples of virgin white human hair treated with Cys were prepared. The heterogeneous reaction between Cys and keratin fibers involving the diffusion of Cys into human hair was analyzed at the molecular level using microspectrophotometry and Raman spectroscopy. The diffusion pattern of Cys into human hair showed non‐Fickian type characteristics, thus indicating the free amino groups of electrostatically interacted with the anionic ions of the fiber surface. The disconnected relative concentration of —SS— groups at various depths of the hair samples with pH 9.0 was less than the Cys relative concentration, indicating that the reaction rate (the disconnection of —SS— groups) was slower than the diffusion rate of Cys into human hair. From these experiments, we concluded that the free amino groups of Cys electrostatically interacted with the anionic ions of the fiber surface, thereby decreasing the reaction rate (the disconnection of —SS— groups) of Cys at pH 9.0. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 324–334, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Configurational preference of pyrrolidine‐based oxy‐peptide nucleic acids as hybridization counterparts with DNA and RNA
Authors: Kitamatsu Mizuki , Shigeyasu Masanori , Saitoh Mamoru , Sisido Masahiko 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new series of oxy‐peptide nucleic acids (pyrrolidine‐based oxy‐peptide nucleic acids = POPNAs) of four different stereoisomeric forms (cis‐L, cis‐D, trans‐L, trans‐D) have been synthesized. To find a favorable stereoisomer of POPNA for hybridization with DNA or RNA, thermodynamic parameters and conformations of the hybrids between the four stereoisomers with 9 adenine bases [po(A9)s] and dT9 or rU9 were investigated from ultraviolet (UV) melting curves and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The cis‐L‐po(A9) formed the most stable hybrid with dT9, because of the smallest entropy loss, despite the smallest enthalpy gain. In contrast, trans‐L‐po(A9) formed the most stable hybrid with rU9, because of the largest enthalpy gain, despite the largest entropy loss. The hybrid stability of trans‐L‐po(A9) with rU9 was significantly improved as compared with a previous version of oxy‐peptide nucleic acid (OPNA) that lacks the pyrrolidine ring. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 84: 267–273, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A phase II trial of arsenic trioxide in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Kim Kevin B. , Bedikian Agop Y. , Camacho Luis H. , Papadopoulos Nicholas E. , McCullough Cecilia 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDArsenic trioxide induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines. Therefore, a Phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of single‐agent arsenic trioxide in patients with Stage IV melanoma.METHODSTwenty patients, 10 with metastatic melanoma of cutaneous origin and 10 with metastatic melanoma of choroidal origin, received arsenic trioxide 0.25 mg/kg/day for 5 days, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.35 mg/kg/day twice a week. All patients with melanoma of cutaneous origin and four patients with melanoma of choroidal origin had received prior therapy.RESULTSSingle‐agent arsenic trioxide did not induce clinical response in this patient population. Eight patients (five with melanoma of cutaneous origin, and three with melanoma of choroidal origin) had disease stabilization for at least six weeks. The median overall survival duration for patients with melanoma of cutaneous origin was 7.9 months, and that of patients with melanoma of choroidal origin has not been reached at a median follow‐up duration of 11.8 months. Grade 3 toxicity included neutropenia, fatigue, abdominal pain, and arthralgia. Grade 4 toxicity did not occur.CONCLUSIONSSingle‐agent arsenic trioxide was generally well tolerated; however, no tumor regression was observed in this patient population. Future clinical trials should evaluate arsenic trioxide in combination with other anticancer drugs that may improve its clinical activity in melanoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Hepatic arterial embolization and chemoembolization for the treatment of patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Johnson Marcella M. , Murthy Ravi , Ahrar Kamran , Wallace Michael J. , Madoff David C. , McRae Stephen E. , Hicks Marshall E. , Rao Sujaya , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Ajani Jaffer A. , Yao James C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine the prognostic variables that influence response and survival in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors who are treated with hepatic arterial embolization (HAE) or chemoembolization (HACE).METHODSPatients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors who underwent HAE or HACE were included in this retrospective study. Follow‐up imaging studies were compared with baseline imaging to determine the radiologic response. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the prognostic variables that affected response and survival.RESULTSThe study included 69 patients with carcinoid tumors and 54 patients with pancreatic islet cell carcinomas. Patients who had carcinoid tumors had a higher response rate (66.7% vs. 35.2%; P = 0.0001) and had longer PFS (22.7 mos vs. 16.1 mos; P = 0.046) and OS (33.8 mos vs. 23.2 mos; P = 0.012) compared with patients who had islet cell carcinomas. For patients with carcinoid tumors, multivariate analysis identified male gender as the only independent risk factor for poor survival (P = 0.05). Octreotide was predictive marginally for PFS (P = 0.06). Patients who were treated with HAE had a higher response rate than patients who were treated with HACE (P = 0.004). For patients with islet cell carcinoma, an intact primary tumor, ≥ 75% liver involvement, and extrahepatic metastases were associated with reduced OS in the univariate analysis; the presence of bone metastases was the only risk factor (P = 0.031) in the multivariate analysis. Patients who were treated with HACE had a prolonged OS (31.5 mos vs. 18.2 mos) and improved response (50% vs. 25%) compared with patients who were treated with HAE, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONSPatients with carcinoid tumors had better outcomes than patients with islet cell carcinomas. The addition of intraarterial chemotherapy to HAE did not improve the outcome of patients with carcinoid tumors, but it seemed to benefit patients with islet cell carcinomas. In patients who had carcinoid tumors, male gender predicted a poor outcome, and a trend toward prolonged PFS was observed in patients who received concomitant octreotide. An intact primary tumor, extensive liver disease, and bone metastases were associated with reduced survival in patients with islet cell carcinomas. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.