bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality dynamics and population regulation inBemisia tabaci
Authors: Naranjo Steven E. , Ellsworth Peter C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNatural mortality is an important determinant of the population dynamics of a species, and an understanding of mortality forces should aid in the development of better management strategies for insect pests. An in situ, observational method was used to construct cohort‐based life tables forBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) Biotype B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) over 14 generations on cotton in central Arizona, USA, from 1997 to 1999. In descending order, median marginal rates of mortality were highest for predation, dislodgment, unknown causes, egg inviability, and parasitism. The highest mortality occurred during the 4th nymphal stadium, and the median rate of immature survival over 14 generations was 6.6%. Predation during the 4th nymphal stadium was the primary key factor. Irreplaceable mortality was highest for predation and dislodgment, with the absence of these mortality factors leading to the greatest increases in estimated net reproduction. There was little evidence of direct or delayed density‐dependence for any mortality factor. Wind, rainfall, and predator densities were associated with dislodgment, and rates of predation were related to densities ofGeocorisspp.,Orius tristicolor(White),Chrysoperla carneas.l. Stephens, andLygus hesperusKnight. Simulations suggest that immigration and emigration play important roles in site‐specific dynamics by explaining departures from observed population trajectories based solely on endogenous reproduction and mortality. By a direct measurement of these mortality factors and indirect evidence of adult movement, we conclude that efficient pest management may be best accomplished by fostering greater mortality during the 4th stadium, largely through a conservation of predators and by managing immigrating adult populations at their sources.
Diapause strategy in the parasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae
Authors: Mehrnejad M. Reza , Copland Michael J.W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe processes involved in the induction and termination of diapause in the parasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Results indicated that the parasitoid P. pistaciae is able to overwinter successfully as a pupa within the mummified psyllid host Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Homoptera: Psylloidea), and the parasitoid clearly responded to a short photoperiod by entering diapause. The incidence of diapause increased significantly with decreasing temperature, indicating the existence of an interaction between low temperature and short‐day photoperiod that resulted in a 100% diapause. However, low temperature alone partly stimulated P. pistaciae to enter diapause. The incidence of diapause was likely to be independent from psyllid nymphal instar and the condition of its mother. This investigation showed that the termination of diapause in the overwintering parasitoid pupae and the duration of diapause completion or adult emergence is photoperiod independent, but dependent on temperature. However, chilling treatment was found to be unnecessary for diapause termination in P. pistaciae, although it decreased the duration of diapause maturation. The positive responses of parasitoids to environmental factors appears to act as a basic strategy to induce diapause in the parasitoid P. pistaciae against extreme climatic conditions.
Non‐arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in patients under 50 years of age
Authors: Janáky Márta , Fülöp Zsuzsanna , Pálffy Andrea , Benedek Krisztina , Benedek György 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  The goal of our study was to compare the case histories and clinical findings in three young patients (aged < 50 years) who had undergone their first attack of non‐arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). We intended to consider whether NAION at a relatively young age might comprise a separate pathological and diagnostic entity. Results:  All three cases revealed some common characteristics. All of them experienced recurrent attacks with bilateral manifestations that led to severe loss of vision and visual field defects. The patients had also suffered from diabetes mellitus for a long time, but none of them had diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion:  The case histories of these relatively young patients showed some differences, including recurrences and more severe loss of vision, to those of elderly patients. However, all the signs we found had been reported previously, although much less frequently, in NAION cases among elderly patients. The clinical and laboratory findings definitely exclude the possibility of an alternative diagnosis. Hence, our results do not support the notion of a different pathomechanism of NAION at a young age and its existence as a separate disease entity.
Cross‐linking of scleral collagen in the rabbit using riboflavin and UVA
Authors: Wollensak Gregor , Iomdina Elena , Dittert Dag‐Daniel , Salamatina Olga , Stoltenburg Gisela 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  Scleral biomechanical weakness and thinning is known to be one of the main factors in the pathogenesis of progressive myopia. We tried to strengthen rabbit sclera by cross‐linking scleral collagen using ultraviolet A (UVA) and the photosensitizer riboflavin. Methods:  Circumscribed 10 × 10 mm sectors of the posterior − equatorial sclera of six chinchilla rabbit eyes were treated in vivo using a UVA double diode with 4.2  mW/cm2 UVA at 370 nm and applying 0.1% riboflavin‐5‐phosphate drops as photosensitizer for 30 min. 1 day postoperatively biomechanical stress−strain measurements of three treated scleral strips were performed using a microcomputer‐controlled biomaterial testing device and compared to non‐treated contralateral control sclera. In addition, three treated eyes were examined histologically by light microscopy, TUNEL staining and electron microscopy to evaluate side‐effects. Results:  Following the cross‐linking treatment, the ultimate stress was 11.87 ± 1.8 MPa versus 3.63 ± 0.40 in the controls (increase of 227.9%, p = 0.014), Young's modulus 27.67 ± 4.16 MPa versus 4.9 ± 2.15 MPa in the controls (increase of 464.7%, p = 0.021) and ultimate strain 92.2 ± 7.43% versus 165.63 ± 19.09% in the controls (decrease of 54.52%, p = 0.012). Histologically, serious side‐effects were found in the entire posterior globe with almost complete loss of the photoreceptors, the outer nuclear layer and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Conclusions:  Our new method of scleral collagen cross‐linking proved very effective in increasing the scleral mechanical strength; the new treatment may represent an option for strengthening scleral tissue in progressive myopia. However, serious side‐effects were observed in the outer retina. In future studies these side‐effects could be avoided by reducing the irradiation dose below the cytotoxic level of the retina. Before its clinical application, the new method should be tested in a myopia animal model.
Effect of different irrigating solutions on aqueous humour pH changes, intraocular pressure and histological findings after induced alkali burns
Authors: Kompa Sirpa , Redbrake Claudia , Hilgers Christoph , Wüstemeyer Henrike , Schrage Norbert , Remky Andreas 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.Purpose: To evaluate the effects of hypo‐osmolar tap water and isotonic saline solution on the intracameral pH, intraocular pressure and histological changes in alkali burned rabbit eyes.Methods: Four groups of four rabbit corneas each were burned with 2 Nsodium hydroxide, and then rinsed with 0.5 l or 1.5 l of saline solution or tap water, respectively. Changes in pH were monitored with an intracameral microelectrode. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored by a transducer placed in the vitreous cavity. After enucleation, histology was performed.Results: The pH increased after 1.5 min following alkali application. Irrigation with different solutions affected the maximum pH levels reached. Following the tap water rinse, the maximum rise was significantly lower than after the saline solution rinse. The maximum rise following rinsing with 1.5 l of tap water showed a significant delay. The increase in IOP was 23 ± 10 mmHg without differences between the groups; the original pressure was recovered after 18 ± 9 min. Histology of the eyes revealed a significant oedema in all corneas. Other ocular structures appeared unchanged.Conclusions: The hypo‐osmolarity of tap water led to remarkable corneal oedema. Enlargement of the diffusion barrier and intracorneal dilution inhibit elevated intracameral pH levels. The difference in maximum pH levels reached may influence the degree of subsequent intraocular structure injury. Therefore, the use of iso‐osmolar saline solution proves to be less efficacious than tap water as an irrigation agent for ocular burns.
Retinal haemorrhages in premature infants: a pathogenetic alternative diagnosis to child abuse
Authors: Fledelius Hans C. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To present the occasional observation of retinal haemorrhages in premature babies, as a diagnostic alternative to those observed as part of shaken baby syndrome. Methods:  We carried out an observational study on 11 infants in whom retinal and/or vitreous haemorrhages had been observed within their first months of life. Ten infants were under surveillance for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), with gestational ages and birth weights in the ranges of 27–34 weeks and 790–1665 g, respectively. One infant was diagnosed with Zellweger's syndrome and one received substitution therapy for coagulation factor II deficiency. The last child had been delivered at 38 weeks, weighing 2070 g; he died on day 5 from severe brain oedema with incarceration and extensive bilateral fundus bleeding. Results:  Four of the 11 infants had some evidence of ROP, and two later received retinal ablation therapy. Contrary to the quick absorption (< 1–2 weeks only) usually seen in most newborn term infants, the ocular bleeding in preterms was generally longstanding. A quick increase in intracranial pressure probably played a role in the lethal case with delivery near term, and one infant received lung physiotherapy for pneumonia at the age of 6 months. Some bleeding appeared to be truly postnatal (i.e. it was observed as a new occurrence during the course of surveillance). Conclusions:  In the series under study there was no suspicion of child abuse. In term infants, retinal haemorrhages are extremely rare except when due to shaking, but other diseases should be ruled out, coagulopathies in particular. We suggest that prematurity as such is added to the list of possibly underlying causes when retinal bleedings are evaluated in very small infants and shaken baby mechanisms are suspected.
The effect of parental history of myopia on eye size of pre‐school children: a pilot study
Authors: Fan Dorothy S. P. , Lam Dennis S. C. , Wong Tien Yin , Islam Maksudul , Saw Seang Mei , Cheung Albert Y. K. , Chew Sekjin 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate parental history of myopia as a predictor of refractive error and eye size in Chinese pre‐school children. Methods:  A total of 514 pre‐school children (aged 2.3–6.4 years) were examined. Parental history of myopia, amount of near work performed, refractive status and ocular biometry were recorded. Results:  There was no significant difference in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) among children with no myopic parents (mean + 0.94 ± 0.05 D), one myopic parent (mean + 0.77 ± 0.07 D) and two myopic parents (mean + 0.79 ± 0.12 D) (p = 0.102) after controlling for age and amount of near work. Further, children with more myopic parents did not have longer eyeballs (p = 0.335). Conclusions:  In this study in Chinese pre‐school children, parental history of myopia was not found to be associated with a myopic refractive error or increased eyeball length. Further studies with larger sample sizes would help to confirm these results.
Risk factors for age‐related maculopathy in a 14‐year follow‐up study: the Copenhagen City Eye Study
Authors: Buch Helena , Vinding Troels , La Cour Morten , Jensen Gorm B. , Prause Jan U. , Nielsen Niels V. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To examine the association between potential risk factors and the 14‐year incidence of age‐related maculopathy (ARM). Design:  Population‐based cohort study. Participants:  At baseline, 946 volunteers participated in the study during 1986−88. These subjects were between 60 and 80 years of age and lived in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen. Excluding participants who had died since baseline, 359 subjects (97.3% of survivors) were re‐examined 14 years later, during 2000−2002. A total of 31.8% (301/946) of the original material was included in the risk factor analyses. Methods:  Participants underwent an ophthalmological examination at Rigshos‐pitalet, the National University Hospital of Copenhagen. Similar standardized protocols for physical examination were used at the baseline and follow‐up examinations. Age‐related maculopathy lesions were determined by the same grader grading colour fundus photographs from both examinations using a modification of the Wisconsin Age‐related Maculopathy Grading System protocol. Results:  Of the 359 participants, 94 had incident early ARM and 52 had incident late ARM at follow‐up in either eye. In logistic regression, the risk factors for early ARM or worse were as follows: cataract (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–6.2); family history of ARM (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.3–15.5), and alcohol consumption > 250 g/week (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.1–19.2). High levels of apolipoprotein B (> 100 mg/l) decreased the risk of development of early ARM or worse (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8), while high levels of apolipoprotein A1 (≥ 150 mg/l) increased the risk of late ARM (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.3). Advanced age at baseline was also associated with the incidence of late ARM (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.9). Conclusions:  These findings indicate a direct correlation between age, cataract, family history, alcohol consumption, the apolipoproteins A1 and B and the 14‐year incidence of ARM.
Normal visual acuity in 17–18 year olds
Authors: Ohlsson Josefin , Villarreal Gerardo 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of this work was to establish visual acuity norms in 17–18‐year‐olds. Methods:  In a previous, population‐based study carried out in 1998, a total of 1046 12–13‐year‐old children were examined with a full eye examination. In 2003, 25% (n = 262) of these children were randomly selected and invited to a re‐examination; 147 subjects agreed to participate and 116 attended. The examined group did not significantly differ from the original sample in terms of the prevalence of ocular and visual disorders. Best corrected monocular visual acuity (VA) was assessed with the revised 2000 ETDRS logMAR chart. Results:  Mean best corrected VA was −0.10 logMAR across the examined group. There was no significant difference between right and left eyes. By excluding nine subjects who had significant ametropia and/or ocular or visual pathology, mean VA increased to −0.12 logMAR (SD 0.07). The mean interocular difference in VA among normal subjects was 0.04 logMAR. Conclusions:  Visual acuity in teenagers is significantly better than 0.0 logMAR and the interocular difference is low in healthy eyes.
Influence of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics of sliding and slider surfaces on friction coefficient: in vivo human skin friction comparison
Authors: Elkhyat Ahmed , Courderot‐Masuyer Carol , Gharbi Tijani , Humbert Philippe 
Published: July 2005

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate whether hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance (Hi/Ho) of the skin surface strongly modifies the friction coefficient (μ).  The Hi/Ho balance is determined using the relationship between the critical surface tension γc (Zisman's principle: which delimits the wetting capacity) and the surface tension of water γH2O (water: reference element of Hi/Ho balance).Method: Critical surface tension γc was determined (according to Zisman's principle) through the measurement of advancing contact angle θ of a series of ethanol/water dilutions.  Friction coefficient depends on several parameters: types of probe motions (rotational vs. linear), surface roughness and physicochemical parameters of surfaces in contact).  In this study, the wettability parameters for six surfaces (human skin forearm, Teflon®, silicone impression material ‘Silflo®’, vinyl polysiloxane impression material ‘resin’ steel and glass) were measured and their influences were compared to friction coefficient μ.Results: This study shows that the higher hydrophobia tendency of the surfaces, the lower friction coefficient. The use of three sliding materials (Teflon®, steel and glass) of different Hi/Ho balance confirms the importance of these physicochemical parameters in μ. For example, Teflon® with high hydrophobia has a low μ. Friction coefficient increased when hydrophobia of sliding and slider surfaces decreased.Conclusion: Friction coefficient value depends on the type of slider surface and its physicochemical properties. In vivo, the friction coefficient may quantify the influence of lubrificant/emolients/moisturizers. For example, the friction coefficient of hydrated skin (through the action of moisturizing products) is higher than the friction coefficient of dry skin. The relationship between the friction coefficient and the Hi/Ho balance can be reversed in the presence of water and sebum on forehead, for example.
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells activated by bacteria or by bacteria-stimulated epithelial cells are functionally different
Authors: Rimoldi Monica , Chieppa Marcello , Larghi Paola , Vulcano Marisa , Allavena Paola , Rescigno Maria 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are able to open the tight junctions between adjacent epithelial cells (ECs) and to take up both invasive and noninvasive bacteria directly from the intestinal lumen. In this study, we describe a tight cross talk between ECs and human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) in bacterial handling across epithelial monolayers. We show that the release of proinflammatory mediators by ECs in response to bacteria is dependent on bacterial invasiveness and on the presence of flagella. This correlates with the capacity of EC-derived factors to modulate MoDC function. MoDCs incubated with supernatants of bacteria-treated ECs are “noninflammatory” as they release interleukin-10 (IL-10) but not IL-12 and can drive only T helper (Th)-2 type T cells. Moreover, noninflammatory MoDCs release chemokines aimed at recruiting Th2 and T-regulatory cells. In contrast, when MoDCs are incubated with ECs and bacteria in a transwell coculture system, and can contact directly the bacteria across stimulated EC monolayers, they are more inflammatory as they release IL-12 and IL-10 and induce both Th1 and Th2 responses. These results suggest that ECs are not simply a barrier to bacteria entering via the oral route, but they actively influence the activating properties of DCs. (Blood. 2005;106:2818-2826)
Myeloma cells suppress bone formation by secreting a soluble Wnt inhibitor, sFRP-2
Authors: Oshima Takashi , Abe Masahiro , Asano Jin , Hara Tomoko , Kitazoe Kenichi , Sekimoto Etsuko , Tanaka Yoichi , Shibata Hironobu , Hashimoto Toshihiro , Ozaki Shuji , Kido Shinsuke , Inoue Daisuke , Matsumoto Toshio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) develops devastating bone destruction with enhanced bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. In contrast to enhanced osteoclastogenesis, little is known about the mechanism of impaired bone formation in MM. Because a canonical Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway has recently been shown to play an important role in osteoblast differentiation, we examined whether MM cells affect a canonical Wnt pathway to suppress bone formation. Conditioned media from RPMI8226 and U266 MM cell lines and primary MM cells suppressed in vitro mineralization as well as alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). These cell lines constitutively produced a soluble Wnt inhibitor, secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP-2), but not other Wnt inhibitors including sFRP-1, sFRP-3, and dickkopf 1 (DKK-1) at the protein level. Most MM cells from patients with advanced bone destructive lesions also expressed sFRP-2. Furthermore, exogenous sFRP-2 suppressed osteoblast differentiation induced by BMP-2, and immunodepletion of sFRP-2 significantly restored mineralized nodule formation in vitro, suggesting a predominant role for MM cell-derived sFRP-2 in the impairment of bone formation by MM. Thus, in addition to enhanced osteolysis, MM cells also suppress bone formation at least in part through an inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway by secreting sFRP-2.
Soluble factor cross-talk between human bone marrow-derived hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells enhances in vitro CFU-F and CFU-O growth and reveals heterogeneity in the mesenchymal progenitor cell compartment
Authors: Baksh Dolores , Davies John E. , Zandstra Peter W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe homeostatic adult bone marrow (BM) is a complex tissue wherein physical and biochemical interactions serve to maintain a balance between the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments. To focus on soluble factor interactions occurring between mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells, a serum-free adhesion-independent culture system was developed that allows manipulation of the growth of both mesenchymal and hematopoietic human BM-derived progenitors and the balance between these compartments. Factorial experiments demonstrated a role for stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) in the concomitant growth of hematopoietic (CD45+) and nonhematopoietic (CD45–) cells, as well as their derivatives. Kinetic tracking of IL-3α receptor (CD123) and SCF receptor (CD117) expression on a sorted CD45– cell population revealed the emergence of CD45–CD123+ cells capable of osteogenesis. Of the total fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-Fs) and osteoblast colony-forming units (CFU-O), approximately 24% of CFU-Fs and about 22% of CFU-Os were recovered from this population. Cell-sorting experiments demonstrated that the CD45+ cell population secreted soluble factors that positively affect the survival and proliferation of CFU-Fs and CFU-Os generated from the CD45– cells. Together, our results provide insight into the intercellular cytokine network between hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells and provide a strategy to mutually culture both mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells in a defined scalable bioprocess.