bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for obtaining reliable R-waves in fish electrocardiograms by utilizing conductivity of seawater
Authors: Watanabe Natsuki , Torisawa Shinsuke , Mitsunaga Yasushi , Arima Masakazu , Miyahara Kazutaka , Saiki Tsunemasa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA simple method for measuring bioelectric signals of fish in seawater is expected for managing the health of farmed fish and clarifying the ecophysiology of natural fish. We previously proposed a simple and unique method for measuring bioelectric signals of fish by inserting only one special internal electrode (which can be isolated from seawater) into the fish’s body and by sinking an external electrode in seawater (for utilizing the conductivity of seawater). However, the proposed method could not obtain fish electrocardiograms (ECGs) with reliable R-waves in the same manner as the conventional method. In this study, we thus experimentally investigated whether the R-waves of ECGs could be observed by optimizing the insertion position of the internal electrode into the fish’s body. The results of the experiment show that for four species of fish (each slightly longer than 10 cm) with different body shapes, reliable R-waves could be observed by inserting the internal electrode near the heart. We also investigated the possibility of simultaneously measuring ECGs of multiple fish by the proposed method. The results of the investigation show that the fish ECGs with R-waves of three fish could be observed simultaneously even when one single common external electrode replaced multiple external electrodes. This result indicates the advantage of the proposed method in reducing the total number of bioelectrodes compared to the conventional method for ECG measurements of multiple fish.
Separation and antioxidant activities of new acetylated EGCG compounds
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Cui Hongchun , Yin Junfeng , Wang Yuwan , Zhao Yun , Yu Jizhong , Engelhardt Ulrich H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcetylation could improve the bioavailability of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), but the relationship of substitution degree and antioxidant capacity of acetylated EGCG was unclear. The acetylated EGCG products were separated by preparation high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two mono substituted acetylated EGCG, three substituted acetylated EGCG (T-AcE), eight substituted acetylated EGCG (E-AcE) and (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were isolated. The 7-acetyl-EGCG (S7-ACEGCG) and 7-acetyl-EGCG (T-AcE) were identified for the first time. The antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of EGCG decreased significantly after acetylation modification. The more EGCG acetylation modification sites, the lower the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities. The antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of 5-acetyl-EGCG (S5-ACE) were higher than 7-acetyl-EGCG (S7-AcE). Combining all the results in this and previous studies, acetylation modification is not conducive to the performance of EGCG antioxidant capacity.
Honeycomb integrated energy distribution system: Networking structure and operation mode
Authors: Zu Guoqiang , Song Chenhui , Jin Xiaolong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe distribution system is undergoing a transformation into a platform that integrates multiple energy sources, including electricity, gas, and heat, to facilitate point‐to‐point energy transmission. However, the existing tree radiation structure of the distribution system is inadequate to meet the demand. To address this, this paper proposes the networking structure and operation mode of the honeycomb integrated energy distribution system (HIEDS). Firstly, the paper outlines the network structure of HIEDS, which includes flexible interconnection modes between micro‐networks and key equipment, such as the integrated energy stations. Secondly, two typical operation modes of HIEDS with the objectives of operation economy and load balancing are proposed, respectively. Finally, the operation characteristics of HIEDS in different scenarios are analysed through case studies, and HIEDS is compared with other typical interconnection structures of micro‐energy networks further. The results demonstrate that HIEDS provides a more flexible energy supply mode, which can improve the operation economy and reliability of the distribution system. This study will provide a theoretical basis for optimising the structure and operation mode of future integrated energy distribution systems.
Neurotechnological solutions for post‐traumatic stress disorder: A perspective review and concept proposal
Authors: Laugharne Richard , Farid Mohsen , James Christopher , Dutta Anirban , Mould Christopher , Molten Noelle , Laugharne Jonathan , Shankar Rohit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety condition caused by exposure to severe trauma. It is characterised by nightmares, flashbacks, hyper‐vigilance and avoidance behaviour. These all lead to impaired functioning reducing quality of life. PTSD affects 2–5% of the population globally. Most sufferers cannot access effective treatment, leading to impaired psychological functioning reducing quality of life. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a non‐invasive brain stimulation treatment that has shown significant clinical effectiveness in PTSD. Another treatment modality, that is, trauma‐focused cognitive behavioural therapy is also an effective intervention. However, both evidence‐based treatments are significantly resource intensive as they need trained therapists to deliver them. A concept of a neuro‐digital tool for development is proposed to put to clinical practice of delivering EMDR to improve availability, efficiency and effectiveness of treatment. The evidence in using new technologies to measure sleep, geolocation and conversational analysis of social media to report objective outcome measures is explored. If achieved, this can be fed back to users with data anonymously collated to evaluate and improve the tool. Coproduction would be at the heart of product development so that the tool is acceptable and accessible to people with the condition.
Virtual‐physical power flow method for cyber‐physical power system contingency and vulnerability assessment
Authors: Qiu Dongmeng , Zhang Rui , Zhou Zhuoran , Zhang Jinning , Zhang Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTraditional power systems have evolved into cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS) with the integration of information and communication technologies. CPPS can be considered as a typical hierarchical control system that can be divided into two parts: the power grid and the communication network. CPPS will face new vulnerabilities which can have network contingencies and cascading consequences. To address this challenge, a virtual‐physical power flow (VPPF) method is proposed for the vulnerability assessment of CPPS. The proposed method contains dual power flows, one is to simulate a virtual power flow from decision‐making units, and the other is to simulate a physical power flow. In addition, a novel hierarchical control model is proposed that includes four layers of CPPS: the physical layer, the secondary device layer, the regional control layer, and the national control layer. The model is based on IEEE test cases using data and structures provided by MATPOWER. Denial‐of‐service (DoS) and false data injection (FDI) are simulated as two major cyber‐attacks in CPPS. A novel vulnerability index is proposed that consists of system voltage, network latency, and node betweenness as three key indicators. This is a comprehensive and adaptive index because it encompasses both cyber and physical system characteristics and can be applied to several types of cyber‐attacks. The results of the vulnerability assessment are compared in national and regional control structures of CPPS to evaluate the vulnerability of cyber‐physical nodes.
Occurrence and genetic characteristics of Giardia duodenalis in donkeys in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xu Chunyan , Tuo Haixin , Wang Wen , Zhang Zhenjie , Yu Fuchang , Chuai Liwen , Qi Meng , Jing Bo 
Published: November 2023

Giardia duodenalis is a common enteric parasite in humans and animals. To examine the occurrence and genetic characteristics of Giardia in donkeys in Xinjiang, China, 758 fecal samples from donkeys were collected, and Giardia was screened via PCR at the SSU rRNA gene. A total of 17.0% (129/758) of samples tested positive for Giardia, with the infection rate in large-scale farm and domestic donkeys being 21.4% (124/580) and 2.8% (5/178), respectively; the infection rates in <1-year-old and ≥1-year-old donkeys were 19.3% (72/374) and 12.7% (41/323), respectively. Three Giardia assemblages were identified, with assemblage B (n = 102) as the prevalent assemblage, followed by assemblage A (n = 23) and assemblage E (n = 4). Of the 129 Giardia-positive isolates, 40, 34 and 59 sequences were obtained at the bg, gdh and tpi genes, respectively. Twenty-one isolates successfully allowed multilocus genotyping (MLG), with four novel assemblage A MLGs, named MLG-AI-1 (n = 1), MLG-AI-2 (n = 1), MLG-AI-3 (n = 1), and MLG-AI-4 (n = 1) and three novel assemblage B MLGs, named MLG-B1 (n = 1), MLG-B2 (n = 14), and MLG-B3 (n = 1). Moreover, two isolates formed two MLG-mixed sequences. The results suggest that donkeys are commonly infected with Giardia in Xinjiang, and there is genetic diversity and host adaptability among the isolates.
No signature of extreme solar energetic particle events in high-precision 14C data from the Alaskan tree for 1844–1876 CE
Authors: Miyake Fusa , Hakozaki Masataka , Hayakawa Hisashi , Nakano Naruki , Wacker Lukas 
Published: November 2023

Cosmogenic nuclides – 14C from tree rings and 10Be and 36Cl from ice cores serve as an effective proxy for past extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events. After identifying the first signature of an extreme SEP event in 774 CE, several candidates have been found in these proxy archives, such as 993 CE, 660 BCE, and 7176 BCE. Their magnitudes have been estimated to be tens of times larger than that of the largest SEP event ever observed since the 1950s. Although a detailed survey of such extreme SEP events is ongoing, the detection of intermediate-sized SEP events that bridge the gap between modern observations and extreme events detected in cosmogenic nuclides has not progressed sufficiently, primarily because of the uncertainties in cosmogenic nuclide data. In this study, we measured 14C concentrations in tree rings in the 19th century (1844–1876 CE) to search for any increases in 14C concentrations corresponding to intermediate-size extreme SEP events. We utilized Alaskan tree-ring samples cut into early and latewoods to suppress the potential seasonal variations in intra-annual 14C data. Notably, no significant 14C variations were observed between early and latewoods (0.0 ± 0.3‰), and the annual resolution 14C data series displayed an error of ~ 0.8‰. Over the entire study period, no significant increase in 14C concentrations characterized by other candidates of extreme SEP events such as the 774 CE event was detected in the annual 14C data. The present result imposes a constraint on the SEP fluence when the largest class of recorded solar storms occurred (especially those in 1859 CE and 1872 CE).
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in the West: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Ritu Raj , Nanavati Julie , Gopakumar Harishankar , Kumta Nikhil A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims The advantages of endoscopic submucosal
dissection (ESD) over endoscopic mucosal resection for large colorectal neoplasms are well
established; however, the technical challenges and lack of adequate training in ESD limit its
widespread adoption in Western countries.
Methods A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Web
of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies conducted in non-Asian countries evaluating
the effectiveness of colorectal ESD. A random effects model was used to obtain pooled en bloc,
R0 resection rates, and adverse events (AEs).
Results Thirty-three studies comprising 3,958 ESD procedures met
the inclusion criteria. Of the polyps, 96.7% (2,817 of 2913) were ≥ 2 cm. Pooled en bloc
resection (31 studies), R0 resection (29 studies), and curative resection rates were 84.6%
(95% confidence interval [CI] [83.3%–85.9%]), 75.6% (95% CI [74.1%–77.0%]), and 81.9% (95% CI
[78.6%–84.9%]), respectively. Surgery for invasive cancer was performed in 4.8% (23 studies).
ESD-related perforation (25 studies) was observed in 5.5% and bleeding in 4.1% (delayed
bleeding 3.4%). 1.8% of patients underwent surgery for procedure-related complications. A high
degree of heterogeneity was observed for en bloc resection, R0 resection, and curative
resection. Heterogeneity for AEs (perforation [I2 13%], delayed bleeding
[I2 30%], and overall bleeding [I2 49%]) was low to moderate.
Conclusions The effectiveness of colorectal ESD for large
colorectal polyps and early colorectal cancers is improving in Western countries, and recent
resection rates are comparable to that seen in Asia. Colorectal perforation is still observed
in about 5% of ESD; however, < 2% of patients need emergency surgery for AEs.
Borderless fear?
Authors: Thiele Daniel , Pajnik Mojca , Sauer Birgit , Šori Iztok 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies have highlighted differences between right-wing populism in Western and Central Eastern Europe but
suggested that discourses have been converging since the so-called “refugee crisis” in 2015. This article examines this claim by
focusing on right-wing populist frames and affective communication on migration in Austria and Slovenia. Taking a
communication-centred approach, the study is based on a critical frame analysis of 70 speeches from far-right to centre-right
parties in parliamentary debates on migration between 2015 and 2019. The results show that right-wing populist discourses in the
two adjacent countries have aligned in appealing to affects, particularly to fear and in framing migration as a threat to security
and culture. Despite differences in mobilizing affects, the findings indicate a mutual alignment of right-wing populism beyond
borders, signalling a potential risk of a broader right-wing populist bloc unified by fear of migration.
The raw and the (over)cooked
Authors: Ashby Travis , Lizardo Omar , Stoltz Dustin S. , Wood Michael Lee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Researchers have long recognized the role of metaphor in conceptualizing states. We contribute to research on the
conceptualization of state concepts in two ways. First, we identify a not-yet-recognized metaphor system commonly used to
conceptualize states: states are physical qualities. We contend that states are physical qualities is an
elaboration of the image-schematic states are locations metaphor, with a higher degree of specificity, affording
entailments not supported by states are locations. After introducing the physical qualities metaphor system, we examine
the function of states are physical qualities in the social world, finding that people use it to evaluate objects
across many domains. Specifically, there is a significant distinction between two prototypical physical qualities –
processed and unprocessed – used to conceptualize socially salient state differences, with
“cooking” as the prototypical form of processing. Particularly in the domain of aesthetic evaluation, this is seen in the metaphor
authentic is unprocessed. In practical domains such as sports and science, this is seen in the metaphor developed
is processed. In all these cases, the evaluation of people and objects is grounded in the perception of their states,
comprehended as physical qualities.
The Use of Operant Conditioning to Enhance the Management and Welfare of Captive Kingsnakes
Authors: Sinclair Liam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Snakes have been kept and bred in captivity for decades very successfully, thanks to their ability to breed in minimalistic conditions. The history of published research in the operant conditioning of snakes and their learning capabilities is well evidenced. Many husbandry practices have been founded upon trial and error, with attitudes and husbandry of captive snakes steadily progressing. However, persistent attitudes towards the cognitive abilities of snakes may be contradictory to scientific literature, and thus directly impact upon the welfare of captive snakes. Recommendations are made here to tackle the problem. The case of captive kingsnakes with previous hyperreactivity and biting was resolved with target training by introducing clear communication to the snake as to when food is present. The snake was classically conditioned to associate the presence of the target with food; the presence of the target predicted food would follow. Once the meaning of the target for the snake was established, the presence of the target always indicated the presence of food. The snake learned activity during regular maintenance was not related to feeding; the absence of the target meant an absence of food. This training resulted in the desired behaviours during feeding and a reduction of the undesired behaviours outside of feeding. Operant conditioning was then used to teach the snake the target meant an opportunity to earn reinforcement contingent upon a shifting behaviour. The shifting behaviour was shaped in this case to remove the need to forcibly handle the snakes in non-emergency situations and to allow the snake to participate in their own care. Teaching cooperative care behaviours using operant conditioning leads to higher welfare states and closer towards “
a life worth living
”.

Information
© The Author 2023
Non-local linear response in anomalous transport
Authors: Kundu Anupam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The anomalous heat transport observed in low-dimensional classical systems is associated with super-diffusive spreading of the space–time correlation of the conserved fields in the system. This leads to a non-local linear response relation between the heat current and the local temperature gradient in the non-equilibrium steady state. This relation provides a generalization of Fourier’s law of heat transfer and is characterized by a non-local kernel operator related to the fractional operators describing super-diffusion. The kernel is essentially proportional, in an appropriate hydrodynamic scaling limit, to the time integral of the space–time correlations of local currents in equilibrium. In finite-size systems, the time integral of correlation of microscopic currents at different locations over an infinite duration is independent of the locations. On the other hand, the kernel operator is space-dependent. We demonstrate that the resolution of this apparent puzzle becomes evident when we consider an appropriate combination of the limits of a large system size and a long integration time. Our study shows the importance of properly handling these limits, even when dealing with (open) systems connected to reservoirs. In particular, we reveal how to extract the kernel operator from simulated microscopic current–current correlation data. For two model systems exhibiting anomalous transport, we provide a direct and detailed numerical verifications of the kernel operators.
Development of a Common Waste Combustion System for Generating Electricity at Remote Area
Authors: Zaini A. S. Ahmad , Sudin S. , Haris F. Abdul , Khalid N. S. , Saad F. S. Ahmad , Hassan M. K. Ali , Ibrahim I. I. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Malaysia’s daily amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has rapidly increased. This causes the landfills number to increase due to inadequate waste management systems. Apart from that, Malaysia depends on non-renewable resources for electricity generation which could have a significant effect on the environment. Therefore, this study proposed to reduce landfills in Malaysia in a proper way and supply electricity using municipal solid waste as a renewable resource. In this study, the combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) produces steam, which will rotate a turbine that is connected to a dynamo. Then, the energized dynamo will supply electricity to appliances including a direct current motor. The motor shaft then rotates the dynamo shaft in the pulley system which causes the electricity to flow in a closed loop. In this system, a pressurized container is crucial to produce sufficient steam. Based on the experimental setup, it was observed that continuous electricity was successfully achieved by looping the system using a pulley on the dynamo and motor.
Nutrient Requirements and Growth Response of Harumanis Mango (Mangiferaindica L.) during Vegetative Shoot Growth Stages: A Mitscherlich Law Analysis
Authors: Tan Erdy Sulino Mohd Muslim , Markom Marni Azira Binti , Andrew Allan Melvin , Abdullah Abu Hassan , Rahim Norasmadi Abdul , Saad Fathinul Syahir Ahmad , Nordin Imaduddin Helmi Wan , Abidin Mohd Amri Zainol , Jamil Syahrull Hi-Fi Syam Ahmad , Yogesh C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the nutrient requirements of Harumanis mango (Mangifera indica L) during different vegetative shoot growth stages by analyzing the soil nutrient test value-relative growth relationships. The research utilizes the Mitscherlich Law to model the response of mango yield in relation to varying nutrient levels. The data came from experimental plots, and the results show the asymptotic behavior of mango yield for three essential nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). For vegetative shoot growth1, the asymptotic yield was estimated at 665.5 with a decline rate of -3.39 concerning N, -2.17 concerning P, and -1.35 concerning K. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.934, indicating a high goodness of fit for the model. Similar trends were observed for vegetative shoot growth2 and 3, where the asymptotic yields and nutrient decline rates varied accordingly. This study provides crucial insights into Harumanis mango nutrient needs across growth stages, aiding orchard management for sustainable yields. Applying the Mitscherlich Law enhances our understanding of how nutrients affect mango growth. These findings support targeted fertilization, boosting productivity and orchard efficiency. Future research can explore more growth factors and long-term nutrient impacts.
A Conceptual Model of Dual-Mode Tomography Technique for Dental Diagnostics: Ultrasound and Light Propagation Analysis.
Authors: Sukor Nur Syafiqah Amirah Ab , Rahalim Fatinah Mohd , Jamaludin Juliza , Malik Normaliza Ab 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many advanced imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Ultrasound, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and the most recent, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), have been developed for identifying dental tissues images and detecting changes in early carious lesions. Some modalities use high doses of radiation and energy to obtain more information, which may be harmful to patient’s health. Most early commercial OCTs had drawbacks such as its bulky size and limited image resolution. In order to overcome these concerns, this paper presents a dual-mode tomography technique that combines OCT and ultrasound method using the COMSOL Multiphysics. The application of an ultrasound device helps overcome the limitation of OCT in detecting the penetration depth of a caries lesion. Several simulations were performed to analyse the light and ultrasonic propagated waves with different diameters of carious lesions. In response to this goal, the combination data of OCT and ultrasound provide a 3D image which offers the best approach for displaying and examining changes in the oral cavity.