bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Two Different Decalcification Procedures on Size and Structure of Embryonic Epithelial Tissue in Objects Prepared for Light Microscopy
Authors: Witter K. , Matulová P. , Míšek I. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryElectrolytic decalcification is a very fast and effective method for removing calcium compounds from bones with minimum damage to tissues. Changes of dimension of tissues in histological sections prepared from specimens decalcified by immersion in a formic acid solution and sections prepared from specimens treated in an electrolytic decalcifier were studied. Heads of mouse foetuses were cut in half, decalcified by one of the above‐mentioned methods and embedded in histowax. Dimensional changes of skin, tongue and nasal epithelia in histological sections were evaluated by t‐test. Significant shrinking and other unwanted effects of decalcification, such as acidophilia of nuclei, were found in objects decalcified by both methods. No significant differences in the effects of the two methods on tissue dimensions were demonstrated. It is concluded that both decalcification methods are equivalent from the qualitative point of view.
Distribution of Peptidergic Nerve Fibres in the Guinea Pig Trabecular Meshwork
Authors: Cavallotti C. , Artico M. , Pescosolido N. , Tranquilli Leali F. M. , Pacella E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA quantitative analysis of peptidergic nerve fibres located in the trabecular meshwork of the guinea pig has been performed. Our results confirm that this structure contains VIP‐, NPY‐ and substance P‐like immunoreactivity as major neurotransmitters. These findings were obtained using immunohistochemical techniques. For this purpose serial sections of the eye were stained by immunohistochemistry for each of three neurotransmitters and stained sections were analysed by quantitative image analysis. Our findings demonstrate that SP‐positive, NPY‐positive and VIP‐positive nerve fibres occupy 11.2, 4.9 and 2.4%, respectively, of the observed area (expressed as conventional units, C.U.) in the trabecular meshwork of the guinea pig eye. It is relevant to emphasize that the area containing these three types of peptidergic nerve fibres appears to be large (18.5 ± 6.6 C.U.) in proportion to the total observed area. The innervation of the drainage angle of the guinea pig eye has been well described by many authors. This is the first study to report quantitative measurements of three types of peptidergic nerve fibres identified and measured in this area. The presence of these three neurotransmitters in the trabecular meshwork of guinea pig eye suggests their possible participation in aqueous humor regulation.
Comparative Studies on the Distribution of Glutamate Transporters in the Retinae of the Mongolian Gerbil and the Rat
Authors: Kang T.‐C. , Park S.‐K. , Jo S. M. , Lee J.‐Y. , Won M. H. , Park J. , Choi S. Y. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryGlutamate is the major excitatory amino acid transmitter in vertebrate retinae. Glutamate transporters therefore play an important role in the precise control of glutamate concentration in the synaptic cleft by regulating extracellular glutamate concentration. In the present study, we performed an analysis of the expressions of three glutamate transporters in gerbil retina using immunohistochemistry. In the gerbil retina, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 and glutamate transporter 1 immunoreactivity was predominant in the ganglion cells but not amacrine or bipolar cells. Glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) immunoreactivity was observed in the radial gliocytes of which the dense network of fine processes was localized in the inner and outer plexiform layers. GLAST immunoreactivity was also detected in astrocytes in the nerve fibre layer. These results demonstrate that three glutamate transporters show specific distributions in the gerbil retina and suggest that the glutamate re‐uptake system in the gerbil retina may be different from that of the rat.
Allometric Analysis of the Postnatal Development of the Syrian Golden Hamster Pancreas
Authors: Hassunuma R. M. , Assis G. F. , Cestari T. M. , Taga R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to analyse allometrically the growth of the Syrian golden hamster pancreas during days 2 to 70 of postnatal development. Body and pancreatic mass were determined, followed by stereological determination of the absolute volume of each morphological compartment of the pancreas. The marked pancreatic growth, by 4360%, was due to an increase in the absolute volume of all morphological compartments, mainly the acini which showed an increase of 10 431%. Bivariate allometric analysis of pancreatic mass and morphological compartmental volume in relation to body mass gain showed: (1) a biphasic pattern for pancreatic mass, acinar volume, excretory duct volume and stromal volume, with the first phase being observed from 2 to 21 days of age and the second from 21 to 70 days of age, with allometry coefficients of 1.537–0.513, 1.770–0.543, 1.651–0.506 and 0.967–0.258, respectively, and (2) a monophasic pattern from 2 to 70 days for intercalated duct volume and islet volume, with allometry coefficients of 0.913 and 1.727, respectively. These results show that during the growth of the pancreas in relation to that of the body some structures – acini and excretory ducts – follow the growth pattern of the organ, while others – intercalated ducts and islets – show a different pattern. This may be related to the genetic growth characteristics of each compartment itself or to some relationship between compartments during some stage of the ontogenetic development of this organ.
Morphology of the Dorsal Lingual Papillae in the Japanese Macaque and Savanna Monkey
Authors: Emura S. , Hayakawa D. , Chen H. , Shoumura S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe dorsal lingual surfaces of infant Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) and adult savanna monkey (Cercopithecus aethiopus) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Filiform, fungiform, foliate and vallate papillae were found. The filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. The fungiform papillae were round in shape, and more densely distributed on the lingual apex. The foliate papillae were seen on the dorsolateral aspect of the tongue. The three vallate papillae were arranged like a triangle with the apex of the triangle directing caudally. Each papilla was surrounded by a groove. The rudiments of the fungiform, foliate and vallate papillae were visible earlier than those of the filiform papillae.
Expression of Cytokeratin 18 During Pre‐ and Post‐Natal Porcine Lung Development
Authors: Schlichenmaier H. , Steffl M. , Sinowatz F. , Amselgruber W. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe expression pattern of the intermediate filament protein cytokeratin 18 (CK 18) is described during pre‐ and post‐natal development of the porcine lung using a monoclonal antibody aginst human CK 18. Lungs from 16 foetuses in pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular and alveolar stages of lung development and lungs from 12 pigs ranging in age from birth to 49 days after birth were studied by immunohistochemistry.In the early pseudoglandular stage of development (day 70 of gestation) all the columnar epithelial cells lining the tubular endbuds strongly expressed CK 18 predominantly in the apical cell compartment. A modest staining was found in the more cuboidal cells of the canalicular stage (day 80 of gestation) where the labelling occurred as a distinct positive rim at the apical cell membrane in most of the cells lining the canaliculi. In 96‐ and 100‐day‐old foetuses, parts of the gas exchanging area were formed as terminal sacs by extreme attenuation of the epithelium. In this stage, CK 18 was clearly detectable in the flat type I as well as in the cuboidal type II alveolar epithelial cells. A marked change of the CK 18 expression pattern occurred during formation of the alveoli by septal outgrowth and maturation of the epithelium in 105‐ and 111‐day‐old foetuses. Differentiated type I cells no longer expressed CK 18, whereas type II cells were still labelled. Moreover, a specific change in the subcellular distribution pattern from the luminal peripherie in immature porcine type II cells to a cytoplasmic localization in differentiated type II cells could be observed. Our investigation additionally demonstrated that the epithelium of bronchi, bronchioli and terminal bonchioli expressed CK 18 in all pre‐ and post‐natal developmental stages. From the 96 days of gestation onwards the epithelial cells of developing bronchial glands were also labelled. Our results clearly show that during porcine lung development profound changes in the cellular expression pattern of CK 18 occur and that CK 18 can be regarded as a selective marker for differentiated porcine alveolar type II cells from the 105th day of gestation onwards. We also assume that the intermediate filament CK 18 could be of significance in the maturation process of the type II alveolar cells.
Effects of Bovine Serum Albumin and Estrous Cow Serum on Development and Ultrastructure of In Vitro‐Produced Porcine Embryos
Authors: OTT MONIKA , SCHERNTHANER WOLFGANG , SINOWATZ FRED , WOLF ECKHARD 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis study evaluated the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA; 4 mg/ml) and estrous cow serum (ECS; 10%) in North Carolina State University (NCSU) 23 medium on the development of in vitro‐matured and in vitro‐fertilized porcine oocytes. Early cleavage rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NCSU/ECS (71.3 ± 14.7%) vs. NCSU/BSA (60.6 ± 4.7%). Cleavage beyond the four‐cell stage was not different between the two culture media (43.5 ± 9.5% and 41.4 ± 17.7%, respectively). The proportion of development to blastocysts was – with borderline significance (P = 0.05) – higher in NCSU/BSA (28.0 ± 4.4%) than in NCSU/ECS (20.4 ± 7.3%). Blastocysts produced in NCSU/BSA had significantly (P < 0.001) higher cell numbers than those cultured in NCSU/ECS (29.5 ± 20.1 vs. 16.9 ± 10.8). The ultrastructure of in vitro‐produced blastocysts from both culture systems was compared vs. in vivo‐derived blastocysts. The latter showed a clear differentiation between trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) cells. The TE cells were anchored to other TE cells or ICM cells by long, well‐developed junctional complexes. The apical membrane of trophoblast cells was covered with numerous microvilli. Mitochondria were abundant, round to elongated in shape, and showed clear transverse cristae. The ultrastructure of blastocysts cultured in NCSU/BSA mimicked that of in vivo‐derived embryos closely. In contrast, blastocysts from the NCSU/ECS culture system displayed an irregular ultrastructure with reduced numbers of organelles and numerous cytoplasmic inclusions, such as lipid‐yolk‐vacuoles and vacuoles with lipid content. In some sections of these embryos, cellular debris was detected in cytoplasm. The shape of mitochondria was more ovoid and cristae were not visible. In summary, our results demonstrate a beneficial influence of ECS in the culture medium on initial cleavage of in vitro‐produced porcine embryos. Clearly negative effects of ECS in the subsequent culture period are associated with marked ultrastructural changes of embryonic cells.
Ultrastructure of the Spermatozoa from Three Odontocetes: a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca), a Pacific White‐Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) and a Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)
Authors: MILLER D. L. , STYER E. L. , DECKER S. J. , ROBECK T. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySemen was collected from three captive odontocetes: a killer whale (Orcinus orca); a Pacific white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) and a beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). Semen was collected from the killer whale and Pacific white‐sided dolphin using behavioural commands, whereas semen from the beluga was collected postmortem. Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Species differences were more pronounced in the head sections followed by the midpiece and finally, the tail sections. Spermatozoa from the killer whale and beluga were similar but differed from the Pacific white‐sided dolphin spermatozoa.
August Schummer (1902–1977): Wegbereiter einer neuzeitlichen Korrosionsanatomie
Authors: Vollmerhaus B. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAbout 70 years ago, when the so‐called polymeric science succeeded in producing synthetic materials and making it available to industrial manufacturing, August Schummer intuitively recognized and reconnoitred the use of these new materials for corrosion casting anatomy. Through the employment of this method, which was named after him, an epoch‐making step was achieved in the anatomy of corrosion casting. In the year that followed there has been a very successful progress in the exploration of blood vessels right through into the capillaries of the organs. On the occasion of the 100th birthday of August Schummer (born 13th of December 1902 in Sa&#x030c;lişte near Hermannstadt, died 1st of March 1977 in Gießen), former Professor of Veterinary Anatomy at the Universität Gießen, we commemorate the life and work of this exceptionally talented and passionate anatomist.
Nitric Oxide Signalling System in Rat Brain Stem: Immunocytochemical Studies
Authors: Nazli M. , Thippeswamy T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryNitric oxide is a free radical, which is produced in several tissues of the body and is thought to be the first of a new class of neural messenger molecules and a retrograde modulator of synaptic transmission in the brain. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme that produces nitric oxide from the substrate l‐arginine. The pattern of the distribution of neuronal isoform of NOS was investigated in neurones and fibres in the brain stem using standard immunocytochemistry. In our results, NOS positive neurones and processes were seen in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, gracile nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus ambiguus, reticular nuclei and lateral to the pyramidal tract of the medulla. In the pons, heavily labelled NOS containing neurones were seen in the pedunuclopontine tegmental nucleus, ventral tegmental nucleus and in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The localization of neuronal NOS expressing neurones suggests a widespread neuromodulatory role for the nitric oxide in the central nervous system of rat.
Spermiophagy in the Spermatheca of Melipona bicolor Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)
Authors: Da Cruz‐Landim C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe presence of spermatozoa in vesicles in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells that constitute the spermathecal wall of Melipona bicolor queen (Meliponini) is discussed in relation to the organ structure. The epithelial wall is lined by an apparently continuous cuticle in the luminal surface that should be a non‐transposable barrier to the luminal spermatozoa. However, some spermatozoa were seen crossing the cuticle through interruptions that was first interpreted as sectioning defects. Nevertheless, the sperm cells in well‐structured cytoplasmic vesicles, bound by membranes and sometimes associated to multivesicular bodies, as well as cytoplasmic structures representative of intracellular digestion and the occurrence of the phenomenon in two of the three spermathecae studied, suggest a real spermiophagic hole in the spermathecal epithelial cells.
Histomorphological Changes in the Oviduct Epithelium of the Rabbit During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Anzaldúa S. R. , Camacho‐Arroyo I. , Cerbón M. A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn this study, we determined the histomorphological changes in different regions of the oviduct (fimbriae, infundibulum, ampullae and isthmus) during early pregnancy (days 1–4) of the rabbit. It was observed that the number of secretory cells (PAS‐positive cells) diminished in the fimbriae during the first 4 days of pregnancy with the corresponding increase in the number of non‐secretory cells (PAS‐negative cells). In contrast, there was an increase in the number of PAS‐positive cells in the isthmus during early pregnancy. In both the infundibulum and the ampullae the number of PAS‐positive cells was increased on day 3. A significant decrease in the height of the epithelium was observed in the fimbriae during early pregnancy. On the contrary, a significant increase in this parameter was observed in the isthmus during the first 3 days of pregnancy. A slight decrease in the height of the epithelium was observed in the infundibulum on day 4 of pregnancy, while in the ampullae it was significantly increased on days 1 and 3. The overall results indicate that during early pregnancy there is a selective modification in the histomorphological characteristics of the different regions of the rabbit oviduct.
Giant Muscle Fibres in Pigs with Different Ryr1 Genotype
Authors: Fazarinc G. , Čandek‐Potokar M. , Uršič M. , Vrecl M. , Pogačnik A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis study examined the frequency, morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the giant fibres in the longissimus muscle of local Krško polje pigs with different Ryr1 genotypes. Giant fibres were round‐shaped and had significantly increased cross‐sectional area compared with normal muscle fibres. Only fast‐twitch glycolytic fibres were affected, usually showing enhanced succinate dehydrogenase activity. On the ultrastructural level, the dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria and destruction of myofilaments was observed. The incidence of giant fibres was the highest in Ryr1 dimutant pigs (Ryr1 nn), which also exhibited lower muscle pH1 than heterozygous (Ryr1 Nn) or pigs with the wild Ryr1 gene (Ryr1 NN). However, the giant fibres were also present in pigs free of Ryr1 gene mutation. Our results suggest that the giant fibre syndrome depends mostly upon the rate and intensity of early post‐mortem glycolysis, which results in acidity of muscle tissue. We suppose that the giant fibre formation is a result of excessive intracellular lactate accumulation in some fast‐twitch glycolytic fibres. This process could also explain the ultrastructural alterations and the consequent changes in the oxidative enzymes and myofibrillar ATPase staining pattern observed in our and some previous studies.
Morphological Characteristics of C1 and C2 Adrenergic Neurone Groups in Marmoset Monkey Brainstem by using Antibody against Phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyltransferase
Authors: Jeong Y.‐G. , Lee N.‐S. , Chung S.‐H. , Lee K.‐Y. , Suh J.‐G. , Hyun B.‐H. , Kang T.‐C. , Oh Y.‐S. , Won M. H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis work describes a mapping study of phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyltransferase (PNMT) immunoreactive neurones and fibres in the medulla oblongata of the marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus. Two groups of PNMT‐immunoreactive neurones were found in the marmoset monkey medulla oblongata: a ventrolateral (C1 group) and a dorsomedial PNMT‐immunoreactive cells group (C2 group). The PNMT‐immunoreactive cells in the ventrolateral group C1 were found to be located around the lateral reticular nucleus. The PNMT‐immunoreactive somata within the ventrolateral medulla are round to oval, and mostly multipolar with branched processes. In the dorsomedial group C2, PNMT‐immunoreactive cell bodies appeared near the obex. The majority of the dorsomedial PNMT‐immunoreactive neurones were observed in the nucleus tractus solitarius; although some were present in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The PNMT‐immunoreactive somata in the dorsomedial medulla were small and round or ovoid. These results provide information upon the adrenergic system in the medulla oblongata of a species that presents a useful model of a small primate brain, the marmoset monkey.
Galanin‐Immunoreactive Cells and Their Relation to Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide‐, Substance P‐ and Somatostatin‐Immunoreactive Cells in Rat Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglia
Authors: Yoon Y. S. , Hwang I. K. , Lee I. S. , Suh J.‐G. , Shin J. W. , Kang T.‐C. , Oh Y. S. , Won M. H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe report upon the distribution of galanin‐immunoreactive (GAL‐IR) cells in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the rat, and upon the distribution of GAL‐IR cells, which also contain calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐, substance P (SP)‐ and somatostatin (SOM)‐immunoreactivity. Neuropeptide‐immunoreactive lumbar DRG cells were 55.8% for CGRP, 12.7% for SP, and 6.5% for GAL in lumbar DRG cells. There was no significant difference between the right and left DRGs (L1−L6) for any neuropeptide‐immunoreactive cell (P<0.01). In terms of size distribution, CGRP‐immunoreactive cells were identified below 1500 μm2, and SP‐, and GAL‐IR cells below 600 μm2. Neuropeptide immunoreactive cells showed various immunoreactivities in the cytoplasm according to each neuropeptide. CGRP and SP immunoreactive cells were colocalized with GAL immunoreactive cells in the serial sections about 83.3 and 60% respectively, but SOM colocalizing with GAL‐IR cells were not in evidence. The current results confirm and extend previous results, and show that neuropeptides can coexist in single sensory neurones of the rat DRG. In addition, our results demonstrate that the normal distribution of some neurotransmitters modulating sensory action in Wistar Kyoto rat, make this model more prone to develop neuropathic pain than Sprague‐Dawley rat.
Ultra‐Structure of Intracellular Lipid Vesicles of Porcine GV‐oocytes after in vitro Fertilization and Parthenogenetic Activation
Authors: Isachenko V. , Isachenko E. , Rahimi G. , Mallmann P. , Krivokhrchenko A. , Nawroth F. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of our investigation was to compare the ultra‐structure of lipid droplets in porcine pronuclear oocytes obtained after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or parthenogenetic activation (PGA) of Metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The ultra‐structure of lipids in the IVF or PGA pronuclear oocytes after vitrification was also studied. There are two kinds of lipid droplets in porcine GV oocytes: ‘dark’ and homogenous vesicles next to ‘grey’ vesicles with electron‐lucent streaks. After IVF or PGA and following 16‐h culture, only the presence of ‘grey’ vesicles was detected in IVF and PGA oocytes. Ultra‐structure of lipid vesicles of PGA and IVF oocytes was similar. The PGA oocytes can be as model of the two pronuclear stage IVF oocytes.
Diprosopiasis in a Lamb. A Case Report
Authors: Mazzullo G. , Germanà A. , De Vico G. , Germanà G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryConjoined twinning has been reported in most of the domestic animal species. Among them, sheep have the highest incidence of craniofacial defects. A live male crossbreed dystocic two‐headed lamb was delivered from a 2‐year‐old Pinzerita sheep after first mating. After 40 h of life, the lamb spontaneously died. The most important gross findings involved the head, whereas the examination of different organ and tissue sections did not reveal remarkable histomorphological changes. The lamb was classified as a conjoined twinning and, on the basis of the facial duplication, as a diprosopus tetraophtalmus.