bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abordaje pedagógico de los procesos de innovación social
Authors: Ortiz Claudia Isabel , Gurvich Marta Daniela , Zuccarino César Rogelio 
Published: February 2024

La evolución de la formación de comunicadores en América Latina, influenciada por modelos curriculares cambiantes, plantea cuestionamientos sobre la relevancia de la innovación social. Este artículo aborda estas inquietudes a través de la presentación de la experiencia del Seminario de Comunicación y Procesos de Innovación en la Licenciatura de Comunicación Social de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, desarrollado de 2021 a 2023.
Se presentan los resultados preliminares de un estudio exploratorio cualitativo que ha tomado en cuenta las tres cohortes del seminario para analizar las estrategias pedagógico-didácticas implementadas.
En conclusión, el seminario enfoca la enseñanza de la innovación desde tres dimensiones (marcos teóricos, relación con estudios de comunicación y praxis docente), fomentando una formación integral y crítica, con el propósito de abrir nuevas perspectivas en la resolución de problemáticas sociales.
The association between weight-adjusted waist index and psoriasis in adults: results from NHANES 2009-2014
Authors: Zhao Xiya , Li Junqin , Li Xinhua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Evidence has indicated that the correlation between obesity and psoriasis is likely multifactorial in nature.Previously, no reports have been made regarding the correlation between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and psoriasis.
Methods
In this cross-sectional research, we examined a cohort of adult participants who provided comprehensive data related to WWI and psoriasis, gathered during the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The calculation for WWI involved dividing waist circumference (WC) by the square root of body weight. We explored the association between WWI and psoriasis through multivariate linear regression modeling and subgroup analyses. The smoothing curve fitting was also applied .
Results
The study included 15,920 participants aged over 19 years, of whom 438 had a history of psoriasis.It revealed a notable positive correlation between WWI and psoriasis(OR = 1.226; 95% CI, 1.071–1.404, P < 0.05).The quartile with the highest WWI value (OR = 1.551; 95% CI, 1.127–2.135, P < 0.05) had a significantly increased risk of developing psoriasis by 55.1% compared with the quartile with the lowest WWI value. A positive nonlinear connection between WWI and psoriasis was observed in the smoothed curve fitting results.
Conclusion
Among U.S. adults, levels of WWI are positively associated with increased odds of developing psoriasis.We propose that adopting obesity management strategies based on the WWI could be beneficial in lowering the risk of psoriasis.
Adherence to secondary preventive treatment following myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Nordenskjöld Anna M , Qvarnström Miriam , Wettermark Björn , Lindahl Bertil 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Secondary preventive medications following myocardial infarction (MI) reduce the risk of new cardiovascular events. Discontinuation and suboptimal adherence are common and affect prognosis. However, there is limited knowledge regarding adherence in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). We therefore aim to evaluate the adherence to guideline recommended medications in patients with MINOCA and myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary arteries (MI-CAD).
Methods
This was a Swedish nationwide observational study of MI patients recorded in the SWEDEHEART registry between 2006─2017. A total of 9,138 MINOCA and 107,240 MI-CAD patients were followed for a mean 5.9 years. Initiation of therapy, implementation determined using medication possession rate, and persistence rates during different time periods were calculated.
Results
Patients with MINOCA were less frequently prescribed secondary preventive medications than MI-CAD. The percentage of patients taking medication as prescribed were lower in MINOCA than in MI-CAD at all time points; during months 6─12 after discharge: aspirin 94.8% vs 97.2% (p < 0.001), statins 90.3% vs 94.7% (p < 0.001), and ACEI/ARBs 97.7% vs 98.5% (p = 0.002) and at 12 months: aspirin 84.4% vs 93.7% (p < 0.001), statins 83.8% vs 94.8% (p < 0.001), ACEI/ARBs 85.0% vs 92.2% (p < 0.001) and beta blockers 80.4% vs 89.6% (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The rates of initiation, implementation, and persistence of secondary preventive medications were high in both MINOCA and MI-CAD patients during the first 5 years after MI. The lower rates in patients with MINOCA may be partially due to uncertainties regarding the diagnosis of MINOCA, differences in patient characteristics, and psychosocial factors.
Strategic Use of Index-Based Frost Insurance to Reduce Financial Risk and Improve Income Stability for Wheat Producers in Australia
Authors: Barratt Jonathan , Kath Jarrod , Mushtaq Shahbaz , Christopher Jack , Collins Brian , An-Vo Duc-Anh , Chenu Karine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Losses due to frost undermine the financial sustainability of growing spring wheat, which is often managed by the late sowing of crops. While late sowing may reduce frost risk, it can compromise yields due to increasing risks of heat and drought stress later in crop development. We tested a novel targeted frost index insurance cover called the heating degree day temperature minimum call option, which allows farmers to plant earlier and increases their chances of attaining higher yields while also financially protecting them in case of a frost event. The potential value of the insurance was investigated using crop simulation modelling. Based on the integration of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator modelling framework and index insurance structures for 22 frost-affected farms over 40 years in Australia’s wheat growing regions, we (i) determined the optimal sowing date and potential yield benefits, (ii) estimated the yield impact of frost for crops sown on that date , and (iii) examined the utility of index-based frost insurance options that may financially protect farmers from frost risk if they sow on the optimal date, assuming they plant and insure their crops every year. On all farms modelled, gains were made on those sowed on the optimal date. The use of the targeted frost index where frost occurred regularly helped secure increased returns and therefore benefits. The targeted integration of the frost index insurance with optimal cropping dates, especially for frost-prone regions, may be an important strategy for reducing financial impacts and enhancing income stability.
Elevation and parent material drive biocrust distributions and soil extracellular enzyme activity along a dryland elevation gradient
Authors: Baldarelli Lauren M. , Ward David , Throop Heather L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and Aims
Climate and soil-related variables are two major environmental factors contributing to the spatial distribution of organisms. Elevational gradients can be used to better understand the climate impacts on natural systems given their tight relationship with temperature and precipitation. Soil variables can be used to explain elevational discrepancies at the small scale as they are important predictors of species-specific niches. Dryland ecosystems provide a unique opportunity to better understand the spatial distributions especially regarding biocrusts, a collection of ecologically important organisms that include lichens, mosses and cyanobacteria, that colonize the soil surface.
Methods
We sampled biocrusts and bulk soil from 31 sites along a 1,700 m elevation gradient between Phoenix and Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. We explored relationships among biocrust cover, elevation and parent materials including granite, limestone, basalt and sandstone. We also measured extracellular enzyme activity at each site as an index of potential microbial activity.
Results
Lichens were associated with lower elevations whereas higher moss cover corresponded with higher-elevation limestone sites. We found that elevation and soil parent material had significant effects on enzyme activity, although the direction of the associations differed among enzymes. There was also a significant positive correlation between biocrust cover, electrical conductivity and vascular plant cover.
Conclusion
Overall, this study represents a general framework for environmental variables affecting biocrust communities in drylands, showing that there is a need to include both elevation and soil parent material within analyses of biocrust cover and type (i.e., lichens and mosses).
Prevalence, type and associated factors of anemia among patients with cancer in Sub Saharan Africa, systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gedfew Mihretie , Getie Addisu , Akalu Tadesse Yirga , Ayenew Temesgen , Amlak Baye Tsegaye 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Anemia is a condition that develops when there is no sufficient healthy red blood cell, which is characterized either by a reduction in hemoglobin, red blood cells or hematocrit count below normal levels. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia in Sub Saharan Africa.
Methods
A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online and Google Scholar was conducted. Cochrane I2 statistics and Eggers test with funnel plot were done to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively.
Results
In this review, 33 studies with 11652 study participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of anemia among patients with cancer in Sub Saharan Africa was 33.874% (33.176, 34.573). The subgroup analysis by publication year revealed that the prevalence of anemia was highest among studies conducted before 2020 (48.407(29.658, 67.155)). Similarly, sub-group analysis by country revealed that the prevalence of anemia was highest in Uganda (89.927(87.0, 92.851)). Presence of metastasis (OR: 4.683 (95%CI, 1.57, 13.961)), 0.027), advanced stage of cancer (OR: 4.743 (95%CI; 1.1, 20.7)), 0.038, being under weight (OR: 2.392 (95%CI, 1.396, 4.098), 0.04) and poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (OR: 1.818 (95% CI, 6.1-54.237), 0.03) were significantly associated with anemia.
Conclusion
The pooled prevalence of anemia among patients with cancer was high. Moreover, advanced stage of cancer, presence of metastasis, being under weight and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status were the most common risk factors.
Physics-constrained machine learning for electrodynamics without gauge ambiguity based on Fourier transformed Maxwell's equations
Authors: Leon Christopher , Scheinker Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We utilize a Fourier transformation-based representation of Maxwell's equations to develop physics-constrained neural networks (PCNN) for electrodynamics without gauge ambiguity, which we label the Fourier-Helmholtz-Maxwell Neural Operator (FoHM-NO) method. In this approach, both of Gauss's laws and Faraday's law are built in as hard constraints, as well as the longitudinal component of Ampère-Maxwell in Fourier space, assuming the continuity equation. An encoder-decoder network acts as a solution operator for the transverse components of the Fourier transformed vector potential, A⟂,z(k,t), whose two degrees of freedom are used to predict the electromagnetic fields. This method was tested on two electron beam simulations. Among the models investigated, it was found that a U-Net architecture exhibited the best performance as it trained quicker, was more accurate and generalized better than the other architectures examined. We demonstrate that our approach is useful for solving Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields generated by intense relativistic charged particle beams and that it generalizes well to unseen test data, while being orders of magnitude quicker than conventional simulations. We show that the model can be re-trained to make highly accurate predictions in as few as 20 epochs on a previously unseen data set.
Implications of predator species richness in terms of zoonotic spillover transmission of filovirus diseases in Africa
Authors: Chang Taehee , Cho Sung-il , Min Kyung-Duk 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Filovirus disease is a highly pathogenic zoonosis of humans caused by the viral genera Ebolavirusand Marburgvirus. A rich biodiversity of predators has been suggested to suppress the risk of zoonotic spillover by regulating prey abundance and behavior. However, the effects on bat-borne zoonoses remain to be investigated because the empirical findings are limited. Therefore, we evaluated the association between predator species richness and the spillover events of Ebolavirusand Marburgvirus in Africa.
Methods Historical records of filovirus outbreaks and ecological, geographical, and socioeconomic factors were considered in this environmental study. We utilized the maximum entropy approach (Maxent modeling) and stacked species distribution models to estimate predator species richness. Logistic regression analyses that considered spatiotemporal autocorrelations were conducted to assess the association between predator species richness and spillover risks after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
Results Higher species richness of certain predators (order Strigiformes and family Colubridae) were associated with lower risks of Ebolavirus spillover. In a model considering spatiotemporal autocorrelations, the third quartile (OR = 0.02, 95% CI 0.00–0.84) and fourth quartile (OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.00–0.42) of Strigiformes species richness, the third quartile (OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.01–0.73) and fourth quartile(OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.03–0.85) of Colubridae species richness evidenced significantly lower risks of Ebolavirus index cases. We found no significant association between predator species richness and Marburgvirus spillover.
Conclusions The findings support a possible effect of predator species richness on spillover suppression. The concept of conservation epidemiology should be further developed to identify sustainable measures that maintain the environment and prevent zoonotic spillover.
Who holds the reins? Context-dependent resource allocation in the mutualism between fig trees and their fig wasp pollinators
Authors: Kulkarni Manasa , Naik Nehal Vijay , Borges Renee M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Mutualisms are consumer–resource interactions, in which goods and services are exchanged. Biological market theory states that exchanges should be regulated by both partners. However, most studies on mutualisms are one-sided, focusing on the control exercised by host organisms on their symbionts. In the brood-site pollination mutualism between fig trees and their symbiont wasp pollinators, galled flowers are development sites for pollinator larvae and are exchanged for pollination services. We determined if pollinator galls influenced resource allocation to fig inflorescences called syconia and considered feedbacks. We experimentally produced syconia containing only seeds (S), pollinator galls (G) or both seeds and galls (SG) with varying number of introduced female pollinator wasps. Biomass allocation to syconia was affected by foundress numbers and treatment groups; the SG treatment received highest biomass allocation at low foundress numbers, and both G and SG treatments at high foundress numbers. Most allocation in the G and SG treatment was to the syconium wall, likely as protection from parasitoids and temperature/humidity fluctuations. Seeds might be important determinants of allocation at low foundress numbers; galls are likely more influential at high foundress numbers. Dry mass of individual seeds and wasps (except at low foundress numbers) was unchanged between treatment groups, indicating seeds and wasps regulate resource flow into them, with lower flow into the galls containing the smaller males compared to females commensurate with sexual dimorphism. Our work demonstrates the importance of considering the direct role of symbionts in accessing resources and thus in controlling exchanges within a mutualism.
Factors determining maximal oxygen uptake in prepubertal children: a Systematic Review and Meta- analysis Maximal oxygen uptake in prepubertal children
Authors: Jurov Iva , Demšar Jure 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In prepubertal children, cardiorespiratory fitness values have not yet been determined based on measured values. The purpose of this analysis is to present cardiorespiratory fitness in prepubertal boys and girls and to determine if there are any differences based on sex, measurement tool or if maximal or peak oxygen consumption metrics are used. PRISMA guidelines were followed. For statistical analysis, multilevel models grounded in Bayesian principles were used. Selected studies obtained: maximal effort during the test, peak or maximal oxygen consumption values, boys and girls (sex specific groups only) age under 11, cycle ergometry or treadmill, pre-intervention or no intervention data. In boys using cycle ergometry, 118 study samples were included in the analysis, in boys using treadmill 115, in girls using cycle ergometry 83 and in girls using treadmill testing 95 study entries were included. As children get older, their CRF increases (P ≈ 100%). Studies with participants having smaller body mass have higher relative V̇O2 values (P ≈ 100%). Boys have higher V̇O2 values than girls (P ≈ 100%). Studies using treadmill reported higher values than those using cycle ergometer (P ≈ 100%). Regarding the influence of measurement method (max vs. peak) on V̇O2 values we did not find significant differences. In conclusion, we present reference values for aerobic power in prepubertal boys and girls using cycle ergometry or treadmill. Prepubertal boys have higher aerobic power than girls and using treadmill testing might be a preferred method to cycle ergometry, especially in older children. Maximal or peak oxygen consumption metrics might be used interchangeably in prepubertal children.
DSA-guided Pyloric Balloon Dilation versus Conservative Medical Treatment for Postsurgical Gastroparesis Syndrome
Authors: weiping Guo , qi Wang , wenhua Chen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background To compare the clinical efficacy of DSA-guided pyloric balloon dilation with that of conservative medical treatment for postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS).
Methods The clinical data of 41 patients with PGS, who received DSA-guided pyloric balloon dilation (study group, n=21) or conservative medical treatment(control group, n=20) between January 2012 and February 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up period in the study group and the control group was 588 days and 626 days respectively. The average length of stay (ALOS) was compared between the two groups.
Results In the study group, all the 21 patients returned to normal food intake within 2 days after successful DSA-guided pyloric balloon dilationtreatment, and they were all discharged within one week after treatment. The ALOS in the study group was (10.2±1.3) days, which was strikingly shorter than (34.5±14.2) days in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusions For the treatment of PGS, DSA-guided pyloric balloon dilation carries better clinical efficacy when compared with conservative medical treatment. Therefore, it can be used as the preferred treatment for patients with PGS. Further studies are need to be conducted to clarify the therapeutic mechanism.
Patterns of acute hospital and specialist palliative care use among people with non-curative upper gastrointestinal cancer.
Authors: Boland Elaine G , Tay Khek Tjian , Khamis Assem , Murtagh Fliss EM 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers contribute to 16.7% of United Kingdom cancer deaths. These patients make high use of acute hospital services, but detail about palliative care use is lacking. We aimed to determine the patterns of use of acute hospital and hospital specialist palliative care services in patients with advanced non-curative upper GI cancer.
Methods: We conducted a service evaluation of hospital use and palliative care for all patients with non-curative upper GI cancer seen in one large hospital, using routinely-collected data (2019-2022). We report and characterise hospital admissions and palliative care within the study time period, using descriptive statistics, and multivariable Poisson regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted incidence rate ratio of hospital admissions.
Results: The total with non-curative upper GI cancer was 960. 86.7% had at least one hospital admission, with 1,239 admissions in total. Patients had a higher risk of admission to hospital if: aged ≤65 (IRR for 66-75yrs 0.71, IRR 76-85yrs 0.68; IRR >85yrs 0.53; p<0.05), or lived in a deprived area (IMD Deciles 1-5) (IRR 0.90; p<0.05) Over the four-year period, the rate of re-admission was higher in patients not referred to palliative care (rate 0.52 readmissions/patient versus rate 1.47 readmissions/patient).
Conclusion: People with advanced non-curative gastrointestinal cancer have frequent hospital admissions, especially if younger or from more deprived areas, but specialist palliative care can mitigate this. This evidence continues to support early and more frequent referral to specialist palliative care.
Utilization of Bamboo Biochar as a Multi-Functional Filler of Flexible Poly(L-lactide)-b-Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly(L-lactide) Bioplastic
Authors: Sriha Prasong , Pakkethati Kansiri , Srisu Yaowalak , Phromsopha Theeraphol , Manphae Apirada , Phinyocheep Pranee , Yamaguchi Masayuki , baimark yodthong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Biodegradable poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) triblock copolymer could potentially be used in bioplastic applications because it is more flexible than PLLA. However, investigations into modifying PLLA-PEG-PLLA with effective fillers are still required. In this work, bamboo biochar (BC) was used as an eco-friendly and cost-effective filler for the flexible PLLA-PEG-PLLA. The influences of BC addition on crystallization properties, thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of the PLLA-PEG-PLLA were explored and compared to those of the PLLA. The PLLA-PEG-PLLA matrix and BC filler were found to have strong interfacial adhesion and good phase compatibility, while the PLLA/BC composites displayed weak interfacial adhesion and poor phase compatibility. For the PLLA-PEG-PLLA, the addition of BC induced a nucleation effect that was characterized by a decrease in the cold crystallization temperature and an increase in the crystallinity; however, this effect was not observed for the PLLA. When compared to pure PLLA-PEG-PLLA, the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/BC composites displayed greater thermal stability, tensile stress, and Young’s modulus. Based on the findings, the crystallizability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the flexible PLLA-PEG-PLLA bioplastic were all enhanced by the use of BC as a multi-functional filler.