bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming Climate‐Induced Changes in Cloud Vertical Distribution Possibly Exacerbate Intra‐Atmospheric Heating Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Jiming , Wang Yifei , Zhang Weiyuan , Wen Deyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe complex and diverse cloud vertical distribution (CVD) largely impacts radiative and precipitation properties of clouds. Using 10‐year active satellite observations, we classified CVD over the Tibetan Plateau into 12 categories and found that overlapping clouds have less frequency but stronger radiative effect, heating rate and larger precipitation (partly reflecting the seeding effect) compared with single‐layer non‐strong convective clouds. Under a warming climate due to uniform sea surface temperature increase of 4K (quadrupling CO2 increase), extremely high (>10 km) ice clouds will increase, particularly those below the tropopause will increase slightly (largely), accompanied by clear (weak) increases in stratospheric clouds. Simultaneously, a moderate to rapid decrease will occur in clouds below 10 km. Such CVD changes could further exacerbate tropopause warming. The probability of cloud overlap is also likely to increase in warmer climates, thus possibly further causing non‐convective cloud systems with stronger intra‐atmospheric heating, larger precipitation intensity and proportion.
Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Over China From 1982 to 2020: Consistency of Multiple Data Sets and Impact of Input Data
Authors: Mao Yuna , Bai Jiaxin , Wu Guocan , Xu Lin , Yin Changjian , Feng Fei , He Yanyi , Zhang Zhengtai , Wang Kaicun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to limited direct measurements, regional or global terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) is generally derived from a combination of meteorological and satellite observations. Although the inhomogeneity of the observed climate data has been widely reported, its impact on the calculated ET has not been adequately quantified. This study aimed to calculate ET using the modified Penman‐Monteith (MPM) model with raw and homogenized meteorological data. Additionally, we compared the calculated ET with those estimates from variable methods (water balance, satellite‐based, and reanalysis) in China and its six major river basins from 1982 to 2020. During the overlapping period of 1997–2018, ET calculated from raw input data decreased slightly at −0.39 mm yr−2 (p = 0.64) in China, whereas homogenized ET showed a significant increasing trend of 0.93 mm yr−2 (p = 0.02), with a better agreement with water balance ET (1.93 mm yr−2, p = 0). Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA2) could reproduce the increasing trends with 2.08 mm yr−2 (p = 0) and 2.59 mm yr−2 (p = 0). The intercomparison of input variables (solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and air temperature) among ET products revealed substantial differences, which can account for the discrepancies in ET estimates. Homogenized ET, GLEAM and MERRA2 exhibited significant increasing trends in China and most river basins from 1982 to 2020. Our findings underscore the importance of utilizing homogenized input data for more accurate ET estimation.
Global Distribution and Volume of Cryptomare and Visible Mare on the Moon From Gravity and Dark Halo Craters
Authors: Izquierdo Kristel , Sori Michael M. , Checketts Brianne , Hampton Isabella , Johnson Brandon C. , Soderblom Jason M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present‐day distribution of mare basalts on the Moon is an important constraint on the timing, duration, and flux of volcanism on the Moon. In this work, we find the global distribution of visible mares and cryptomares using the effective density (ρeff) of the Moon, which is sensitive to the vertical density distribution of the crust. We compute ρeff using the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) data and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) topography data. We apply this ρeff approach to the search of cryptomare for the first time, and we use a higher resolution grid and larger search area to constrain visible mare thicknesses compared to previous work. We use a Bayesian approach to find the distribution of mare thicknesses and density gradients of the underlying crust that is consistent with the localized ρeff. Assuming a bulk density of the mare basalts of 3,460 kg/m3, we find a mean visible mare thickness of km which is consistent with previous work. We find a candidate cryptomare volume of km3 representing more than half of the total mare volume on Moon. This volume is consistent with the higher end of the previously proposed values. Finally, we search for dark halo craters (DHC) globally to obtain geologic evidence of cryptomares and find 258 craters. Our results are consistent with extensive ancient volcanism, which explains the previously identified discrepancy between the early high volcanic flux predicted by thermal models of the Moon and the dearth of ancient volcanic deposits currently exposed.
Quantifying and Reducing the Operator Effect in LSPIV Discharge Measurements
Authors: Bodart G. , Le Coz J. , Jodeau M. , Hauet A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOperator choices, both in acquiring the video and data and in processing them, can be a prominent source of error in image‐based velocimetry methods applied to river discharge measurements. The Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) is known to be sensitive to the parameters and computation choices set by the user, but no systematic comparisons with discharge references or intercomparisons have been conducted yet to evaluate this operator effect in LSPIV. In this paper, an analysis of a video gauging intercomparison, the Video Globe Challenge 2020, is proposed to evaluate such operator effect. The analysis is based on the gauging reports of the 15 to 23 participants using the Fudaa‐LSPIV software and intents to identify the most sensitive parameters for the eight videos. The analysis highlighted the significant impact of the time interval, the grid points and the filters on the LSPIV discharge measurements. These parameters are often inter‐dependent and should be correctly set together to strongly reduce the discharge errors. Based on the results, several automated tools were proposed to reduce the operator effect. These tools consist of several parameter assistants to automatically set the orthorectification resolution, the grid and the time interval, and of a sequence of systematic and automatic filters to ensure reliable velocity measurements used for discharge estimation. The application of the assisted LSPIV workflow using the proposed tools leads to significant improvements of the discharge measurements with strong reductions of the inter‐participant variability. On the eight videos, the mean interquartile range of the discharge errors is reduced from 17% to 5% and the mean discharge bias is reduced from −9% to 1% with the assisted LSPIV workflow. The remaining inter‐participant variability is mainly due to the user‐defined surface velocity coefficient α.
Quantifying the Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, and Soil Moisture Network's Interaction Over Global Land Surface Hydrological Cycle
Authors: Mondal Somnath , Mishra Ashok 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnhancing our understanding of the intricate interplay among hydro‐climatic processes is crucial for a comprehensive assessment of water availability and climate extremes across global land regions. Here, we propose an integrated framework to investigate networks of the global fields of multiple hydrological variables (Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, Soil Moisture). We apply a two‐layer complex network concept to formulate the independent networks of each hydrological variable and their interactions. Intra‐ (Single‐layer) and cross‐ (two‐layer) network coefficients are derived from the formulated hydrological network to quantify the linkage, spatial connection density, and scale for the independent hydrological fields (or variables) and their interactions. The joint distribution of the intra‐network coefficients reveals multiple spatial scales of connectivity for a moderately well‐connected location in case of evapotranspiration and soil moisture. With increasing global mean temperature, spatially synchronized evapotranspiration over such a large scale may lead to multi‐continental droughts and heatwaves. Furthermore, the (cross‐) network coefficients have identified regions acting as “bottlenecks” for moisture flow and the water‐dominated areas with less evaporative actions. The contrasting features of two‐layer network coefficients have provided a qualitative picture of moisture circulation and recirculation over many hydrological hotspot regions, such as the Amazonian basin, Indian subcontinents, and the Sahel region. The derived results can be employed to gain insights into the global water cycle’s multiple interacting processes (e.g., land‐atmosphere interactions).
Advanced Analytical Model for Interpreting Oscillatory Pumping Tests With Wellbore Skin and Rate‐Dependent Skin Effects
Authors: Mahdavi Ali , Kurylyk Barret L. , Lin Yin‐Fang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOscillatory pumping tests presents a potential advancement in aquifer testing as they minimize hydraulic perturbations and result in no net water abstraction or injection. However, aquifer property estimates can be less accurate if they are compromised by well head losses during the pumping test. Currently, oscillatory pumping test models ignore these losses. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate an analytical solution that can interpret oscillatory pumping test data affected by rate‐dependent skin losses. Accordingly, the sensitivity of the drawdown response to small variations in aquifer and well parameters was analyzed. In addition, a previous field aquifer test was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of the solution for aquifer parameter estimation. The results indicate that neglecting the rate‐dependent skin effect can lead to substantial errors in the determination of aquifer parameters such as transmissivity and storativity. Additionally, the proposed solution effectively reproduces the sharp groundwater level peaks observed in field data, whereas the solution that does not consider the rate‐dependent skin effect greatly underestimates the peak values.
An early screening model for preeclampsia: utilizing zero-cost maternal predictors exclusively
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Yinyao , Bi Wenshuai , Meng Chenwei , Liang Xuxia , Wu Hua , Zhang Chun , Wang Xiaogang , Lv Hanlin , Li Yuxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo provide a reliable, low-cost screening model for preeclampsia, this study developed an early screening model in a retrospective cohort (25,709 pregnancies) and validated in a validation cohort (1760 pregnancies). A data augmentation method (α-inverse weighted-GMM + RUS) was applied to a retrospective cohort before 10 machine learning models were simultaneously trained on augmented data, and the optimal model was chosen via sensitivity (at a false positive rate of 10%). The AdaBoost model, utilizing 16 predictors, was chosen as the final model, achieving a performance beyond acceptable with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of 0.8008 and sensitivity of 0.5190. All predictors were derived from clinical characteristics, some of which were previously unreported (such as nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and menstrual cycle irregularity). Compared to previous studies, our model demonstrated superior performance, exhibiting at least a 50% improvement in sensitivity over checklist-based approaches, and a minimum of 28% increase over multivariable models that solely utilized maternal predictors. We validated an effective approach for preeclampsia early screening incorporating zero-cost predictors, which demonstrates superior performance in comparison to similar studies. We believe the application of the approach in combination with high performance approaches could substantially increase screening participation rate among pregnancies.
Bile salt hydrolase catalyses formation of amine-conjugated bile acids
Authors: Rimal Bipin , Collins Stephanie L. , Tanes Ceylan E. , Rocha Edson R. , Granda Megan A. , Solanki Sumeet , Hoque Nushrat J. , Gentry Emily C. , Koo Imhoi , Reilly Erin R. , Hao Fuhua , Paudel Devendra , Singh Vishal , Yan Tingting , Kim Min Soo , Bittinger Kyle , Zackular Joseph P. , Krausz Kristopher W. , Desai Dhimant , Amin Shantu , Coleman James P. , Shah Yatrik M. , Bisanz Jordan E. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Vanden Heuvel John P. , Wu Gary D. , Zemel Babette S. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Weinert Emily E. , Patterson Andrew D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBacteria in the gastrointestinal tract produce amino acid bile acid amidates that can affect host-mediated metabolic processes1–6; however, the bacterial gene(s) responsible for their production remain unknown. Herein, we report that bile salt hydrolase (BSH) possesses dual functions in bile acid metabolism. Specifically, we identified a previously unknown role for BSH as an amine N-acyltransferase that conjugates amines to bile acids, thus forming bacterial bile acid amidates (BBAAs). To characterize this amine N-acyltransferase BSH activity, we used pharmacological inhibition of BSH, heterologous expression of bsh and mutants in Escherichia coli and bsh knockout and complementation in Bacteroides fragilis to demonstrate that BSH generates BBAAs. We further show in a human infant cohort that BBAA production is positively correlated with the colonization of bsh-expressing bacteria. Lastly, we report that in cell culture models, BBAAs activate host ligand-activated transcription factors including the pregnane X receptor and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. These findings enhance our understanding of how gut bacteria, through the promiscuous actions of BSH, have a significant role in regulating the bile acid metabolic network.
Mechanism of millisecond Lys48-linked poly-ubiquitin chain formation by cullin-RING ligases
Authors: Liwocha Joanna , Li Jerry , Purser Nicholas , Rattanasopa Chutima , Maiwald Samuel , Krist David T. , Scott Daniel C. , Steigenberger Barbara , Prabu J. Rajan , Schulman Brenda A. , Kleiger Gary 
Published: February 2024

AbstractE3 ubiquitin ligases, in collaboration with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, modify proteins with poly-ubiquitin chains. Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) E3s use Cdc34/UBE2R-family E2s to build Lys48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains to control an enormous swath of eukaryotic biology. Yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this exceptional linkage specificity and millisecond kinetics of poly-ubiquitylation remain unclear. Here we obtain cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures that provide pertinent insight into how such poly-ubiquitin chains are forged. The CRL RING domain not only activates the E2-bound ubiquitin but also shapes the conformation of a distinctive UBE2R2 loop, positioning both the ubiquitin to be transferred and the substrate-linked acceptor ubiquitin within the active site. The structures also reveal how the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 uniquely activates CRLs during chain formation. NEDD8 releases the RING domain from the CRL, but unlike previous CRL–E2 structures, does not contact UBE2R2. These findings suggest how poly-ubiquitylation may be accomplished by many E2s and E3s.
Global poverty estimation using private and public sector big data sources
Authors: Marty Robert , Duhaut Alice 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHousehold surveys give a precise estimate of poverty; however, surveys are costly and are fielded infrequently. We demonstrate the importance of jointly using multiple public and private sector data sources to estimate levels and changes in wealth for a large set of countries. We train models using 63,854 survey cluster locations across 59 countries, relying on data from satellites, Facebook Marketing information, and OpenStreetMaps. The model generalizes previous approaches to a wide set of countries. On average, across countries, the model explains 55% (min = 14%; max = 85%) of the variation in levels of wealth at the survey cluster level and 59% (min = 0%; max = 93%) of the variation at the district level, and the model explains 4% (min = 0%; max = 17%) and 6% (min = 0%; max = 26%) of the variation of changes in wealth at the cluster and district levels. Models perform best in lower-income countries and in countries with higher variance in wealth. Features from nighttime lights, OpenStreetMaps, and land cover data are most important in explaining levels of wealth, and features from nighttime lights are most important in explaining changes in wealth.
Downregulation of long noncoding RNA B4GALT1-AS1 is associated with breast cancer development
Authors: ahvaz Samaneh , Amini Mohammad , Yari Amirhossein , Baradaran Behzad , Jebelli Asiyeh , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe misregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is related to the progressive evolution of various human cancers, such as Breast cancer (BC). The role of lncRNA B4GALT1-AS1 has been investigated in some human cancers. Therefore, studying B4GALT1-AS1 expression was aimed for the first time in the tumor and marginal tissues of BC in this study. The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to evaluate the relative expression of B4GALT1-AS1 in BC and other cancers. RNA was extracted from twenty-eight paired BC and marginal tissues, and cDNA was synthesized. The quantitative expression level of B4GALT1-AS1 was evaluated using real-time PCR. The bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify co-expression genes and related pathways. B4GALT1-AS1 was significantly downregulated in BC specimens compared to tumor marginal samples. The TCGA data analysis confirmed the downregulation of B4GALT1-AS1 in BC. The bioinformatics analysis discovered the correlation between 700 genes and B4GALT1-AS1 and identified GNAI1 as the high degree gene which was positively correlated with B4GALT1-AS1 expression. It seems B4GALT1-AS1 provides its function, at least partly, in association with one of the hippo pathway components, YAP, in other cancers. This protein has the opposite role in BC and its loss of function can result in poor survival in BC. Further research is needed to investigate the interaction between B4GALT1‐AS1 and YAP in various subtypes of BC.
A pan-cancer analysis uncovering the function of CRHBP in tumor immunity, prognosis and drug response: especially its function in LIHC
Authors: Chen Bangjie , Chen Sanwei , Wang Xinyi , Zhang Jianlin , Wang Hanying , Li Jiajin , Zhang Ziyu , Yu Feng , Kong Weihao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCorticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRHBP) is involved in many physiological processes. However, it is still unclear what role CRHBP has in tumor immunity and prognosis prediction. Using databases such as the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Tumor Protein Database, Timer Database, and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), we evaluated the potential role of CRHBP in diverse cancers. Further research looked into the relationships between CRHBP and tumor survival prognosis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint (ICP) indicators, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR), DNA methylation, tumor microenvironment (TME), and drug responsiveness. The anticancer effect of CRHBP in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) was shown by Western blotting, EdU staining, JC-1 staining, transwell test, and wound healing assays. CRHBP expression is significantly low in the majority of tumor types and is associated with survival prognosis, ICP markers, TMB, and microsatellite instability (MSI). The expression of CRHBP was found to be substantially related to the quantity of six immune cell types, as well as the interstitial and immunological scores, showing that CRHBP has a substantial impact in the TME. We also noticed a link between the IC50 of a number of anticancer medicines and the degree of CRHBP expression. CRHBP-related signaling pathways were discovered using functional enrichment. Cox regression analysis showed that CRHBP expression was an independent prognostic factor for LIHC. CRHBP has a tumor suppressor function in LIHC, according to cell and molecular biology trials. CRHBP has a significant impact on tumor immunity, treatment, and prognosis, and has the potential as a cancer treatment target and prognostic indicator.
Understanding the role of risk preferences and perceptions in vaccination decisions and post-vaccination behaviors among U.S. households
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Kassas Bachir , Lai John , Kropp Jaclyn , Gao Zhifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccines play a critical role in protecting against infection and transmission of the virus. Therefore, understanding public perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines is essential for successful vaccine promotion. Previous literature reported strong associations between vaccination decisions and several sociodemographic variables. However, knowledge about how behavioral factors, including risk perceptions and preferences, impact individuals’ attitudes towards receiving COVID-19 vaccination is currently lacking. Using data from a nationally representative survey of 1050 US adults, this study investigates the correlation between individuals’ decisions to receive COVID-19 vaccination and both their risk perceptions and preferences. Additionally, we investigate post-vaccination behavior by measuring individuals’ participation in three different groups of activities that vary by their degree of social exposure. We find strong correlations between vaccination decisions and four measures of risk preference and risk perception. We also find associations between the four risk measures and individuals’ behaviors post-vaccination. We shed light on the main factors discouraging the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as public opinions regarding the performance of different organizations in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, and grocery store policies to prevent COVID-19 infections. Our study provides critical information that can help policymakers communicate more effectively with the public and promote vaccine uptake among population groups and geographic areas with higher anti-vaccine sentiments.
Coculture of bacterial levans and evaluation of its anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Wahab Walaa A. Abdel , Shafey Heba I. , Mahrous Karima F. , Esawy Mona A. , Saleh Shireen A. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research represents a novel study to assess how coculture affects levan yield, structure, bioactivities, and molecular weight. Among the 16 honey isolates, four bacterial strains recorded the highest levan yield. The Plackett–Burman design showed that the coculture (M) of isolates G2 and K2 had the maximum levan yield (52 g/L) and the effective factors were sucrose, incubation time, and sugarcane bagasse. The CCD showed that the most proper concentrations for maximum levan yield (81 g/L): were 130 g/L of sucrose and 6 g/f of sugarcane bagasse. Levan’s backbone was characterized, and the molecular weight was determined. G2 and K2 isolates were identified based on 16 sRNA as Bacillus megaterium strain YM1C10 and Rhizobium sp. G6-1. M levan had promising antioxidant activity (99.66%), slowed the migration activity to a great extent, and recorded 70.70% inhibition against the hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) at 1000 µg/mL. Gene expression analysis in liver cancer cell lines (HePG2) revealed that M levan decreased the expression of CCL20), 2GRB2, and CCR6) genes and was superior to Doxo. While increasing the expression of the IL4R and IL-10 genes. The DNA damage values were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in treated liver cancer cell lines with levan M and Doxo. The results referred to the importance of each of the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and the molecular weight in levans bioactivities.