bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poxvirus infections in dermatology – the neglected, the notable, and the notorious
Authors: Obermeier Patrick E. , Buder Susanne C. , Hillen Uwe 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe familyPoxviridaecurrently comprises 22 genera that infect vertebrates. Of these, members of theOrtho‐,Para‐,Mollusci‐andYatapoxvirusgenera have been associated with human diseases of high clinical relevance in dermatology. Historically, smallpox had been a notorious health threat until it was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1979. Today, dermatologists are confronted with a variety of poxviral infections, such as farmyard pox, which occurs as a zoonotic infection after contact with animals. In the tropics, tanapox or vaccinia may be in the differential diagnosis as neglected tropical dermatoses. Molluscum contagiosum virus infection accounts for significant disease burden worldwide and is classified as a sexually transmitted infection in certain scenarios. Recently, mpox (monkeypox) has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern, requiring rapid recognition and appropriate management by dermatologists and infectious disease specialists. Advances and new insights into the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and complications, treatment, and prevention of poxviral infections require a high level of expertise and interdisciplinary skills from healthcare professionals linking virology, infectious diseases, and dermatology. This CME article provides a systematic overview and update to assist the practicing dermatologist in the identification, differential diagnosis, and management of poxviral infections.
Real‐world study of the concomitant use of biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 with GLP‐1 receptor agonist versus first‐generation basal insulin with GLP‐1 receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Davies Melanie , Alibegovic Amra Ciric , Anil Gayathri , Braae Uffe Christian , Jensen Anders Boeck , Nordsborg Rikke Baastrup 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsCombining insulin with a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) is common. While many studies have investigated concomitant therapy with basal insulin+GLP‐1RA, few have reported on premixed insulin+GLP‐1RA. We aimed to address this gap using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database in England.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching assessed glycaemic levels and other clinical outcomes in people with T2D, comparing biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 (BIAsp 30) + GLP‐1RA with basal insulin (insulin detemir/glargine U100) + GLP‐1RA (from 2006 to 2021).ResultsIn total, 4770 eligible people were identified; 1511 had a BIAsp 30 + GLP‐1RA regimen and were propensity score‐matched to an equal number receiving basal+GLP‐1RA. There was no significant difference in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction between cohorts at 6 months (p = 0.15), with a decrease of −1.07 (95% CI: −1.16; −0.98) %‐points (−11.7 mmol/mol [95% CI: −12.7; –10.7]) in the BIAsp 30 + GLP‐1RA cohort, versus −0.97 (95% CI: −1.07; −0.88) %‐points (−10.6 mmol/mol [95% CI: −11.7; –9.6]) in the basal+GLP‐1RA cohort. Body mass index (BMI) decreased by −0.35 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.52;−0.18) at 6 months with BIAsp 30 + GLP‐1RA, versus −0.72 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.90;−0.54) with basal+GLP‐1RA (p = 0.003). BMI was influenced by the initiation sequence of GLP‐1RA in relation to insulin (p < 0.0001). Hypoglycaemia rates were low and not significantly different between cohorts.ConclusionsCombining BIAsp 30 + GLP‐1RA provides glycaemic control with no significant difference to that of propensity score‐matched people receiving basal insulin+GLP‐1RA, with no increase in hypoglycaemia risk or weight gain.
Effects of microplastics on soil C and N cycling with or without interactions with soil amendments or soil fauna
Authors: Fan Chenzhe , Li Yixin , Tian Changqin , Li Ziyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) enter the global soil ecosystem in significant quantities, and in agricultural lands, interact with soil amendments (e.g, fertilisers, pesticides, biochar), pollutants (e.g., heavy metals and acid rain) and soil fauna (e.g., earthworms and microbial biomass) which impacts carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in soil in ways that are largely unexplored. Here, we analysed the difference in the responses of soil C and N contents, greenhouse gas emissions and soil enzyme activities in experiments where MPs alone or MPs in combination with other soil amendments or soil fauna had been explored, by conducting a global meta‐analysis of 2543 observational data extracted from 84 published studies. The results show that MPs alone are associated with significantly increased soil C storage and altered soil N pool composition, increased soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, reduced soil ammonia (NH3) emissions, increased activity of one of the five major enzymes related to C cycle, and increased activity of three of the four major enzymes related to N cycling in soil. Experiments that explored the combined effects of MPs combined with fertilisers on soil C and N contents and enzyme activities indicated greater effects than MPs alone. However, the effects of MPs combined with soil fauna, heavy metals, acid rain, glyphosate, and carbon nanotubes on soil C and N cycling differed from findings of studies that considered the effects of MPs alone. The results of this meta‐analysis provide a theoretical basis for further study of the effects of MPs on C and N cycling in fertilized agricultural soil, compound‐contaminated soil and acidified soil. We also show that, despite the global importance of MPs in soil, the number of studies of their effects on soil C and N cycling is relatively few, and further research on the mechanisms of interactions of MPs with multiple soil amendments in soil systems is urgently needed.
TOX as a new diagnostic marker for T cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Burg Manske M L , Visser Lydia , Diepstra Arjan 
Published: December 2023

AimsT cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (T‐LGLL) is a rare disorder that may underlie otherwise unexplained cytopenias. The identification of T‐LGLL cells in bone marrow biopsies can be a challenge, because a robust immunohistochemistry marker is lacking. The markers currently in use (granzyme B, TIA‐1 and CD8) are difficult to interpret or lack specificity. Therefore, we investigated whether immunohistochemistry for thymocyte selection‐associated high‐mobility group box (TOX), a transcription factor that associates with chronic T cell stimulation, could be a reliable tool for the identification of T‐LGLL cells.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective study, expression of TOX in CD8+ cells in bone marrow biopsies of T‐LGLL patients (n = 38) was investigated and compared to bone marrow of controls with reactive T cell lymphocytosis (n = 10). All biopsies were evaluated for TOX staining within the CD8‐positive T cell population. The controls were essentially negative for TOX, whereas all T‐LGLL cases were positive (median = 80%, range = 10–100%), even when bone marrow involvement was subtle.ConclusionTOX is a highly sensitive marker for the neoplastic cells of T‐LGLL and we recommend its use, especially in the diagnostic work‐up of patients with unexplained cytopenias.
HIV and fracture: Risk, assessment and intervention
Authors: McGee D. M. , Cotter A. G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesWith management of comorbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH) a key component of clinical care, early loss of bone integrity and clinical fracture are recognized as important issues. This review aims to describe the epidemiology of fracture in PLWH, as well as summarizing the relative balance of factors that contribute to fracture. We also aim to describe fracture risk assessment and interventional strategies to modify the risk of fracture in this population.ResultsData from recent meta‐analyses show that PLWH have significantly more fractures than the general population, with men and injecting drug users at higher risk. Modifiable factors that contribute to fracture risk in this cohort include body mass index (BMI), drug use, concurrent medications, frailty, and hepatitis C virus infection. Relating to antiretroviral therapy, current or ever tenofovir exposure has been identified as predictive of fracture but not cumulative use, and a potentially modest protective effect of efavirenz has been observed. Fracture Risk Assessment Tool scores underestimate fracture risk in PLWH with improved accuracy when HIV is considered a cause of secondary osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) included.ConclusionEarly consideration of risk, prompting evaluation of modifiable risk factors, frailty and falls risk with bone density imaging and prompt intervention may avert fracture in PLWH. Guidance on screening and lifestyle modification is available in international guidelines. Bisphosphonates are safe and effective in PLWH, with limited data for other agents.
Loss of nephric augmenter of liver regeneration facilitates acute kidney injury via ACSL4‐mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Huang Lili , Zhang Ling , Zhang Zheng , Tan Fangyan , Ma Yixin , Zeng Xujia , Cao Dan , Deng Lili , Liu Qi , Sun Hang , Shen Bingbing , Liao Xiaohui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFerroptosis, characterized by lipid accumulation in intracellular compartments, is related to acute kidney injury (AKI), but the mechanism remains obscure. In our previous study, the protective effect of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) on AKI was not fully clarified. In this study, we established an AKI mouse model by knocking out proximal tubule‐specific ALR and an AKI cell model by inducing hypoxia, as well as enrolled AKI patients, to investigate the effects of ALR on ferroptosis and the progression of AKI. We found that ALR knockout aggravated ferroptosis and increased ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage, whereas ALR overexpression attenuated ferroptosis through clearance of ROS and maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ALR could directly bind to long‐chain‐fatty‐acid‐CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4) and further inhibit the expression of ACSL4 by interacting with certain regions. By resolution liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry, we found that ALR could reduce the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid. In addition, we showed that ALR binds to ACSL4 and attenuates oxylipin accumulation, exerting a protective effect against ferroptosis in AKI. Therefore, targeting renal ALR can attenuate ferroptosis and can offer a promising strategy for the treatment of AKI.
Interdental oral hygiene interventions elicit varying compositional microbiome changes in naturally occurring gingivitis: Secondary data analysis from a clinical trial
Authors: Ge Yong , Bamashmous Shatha , Mancinelli‐Lyle Deborah , Zadeh Mojgan , Mohamadzadeh Mansour , Kotsakis Georgios A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of different oral irrigators on the sub‐gingival microbiome composition in patients with naturally occurring plaque‐induced gingivitis.Materials and MethodsSub‐gingival plaque was collected from adults participating in a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of oral hygiene with two different oral irrigators (Waterpik Water Flosser [Group 1] and Oral‐B Water Flosser [Group 2]) versus dental flossing (Group 3) for microbiome analysis. Plaque samples were reflective of naturally occurring plaque‐induced gingivitis at baseline and of gingival health at the endpoint (4 weeks). Clinical measures of gingival inflammation were collected, and the sub‐gingival microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing to identify amplicon sequence variants.ResultsOral hygiene instruction with self‐performed manual toothbrushing and water‐jet irrigation led to significant reductions in inflammation for all groups; both oral irrigators outperformed flossing in bleeding‐on‐probing reduction (p < .001). Microbiome diversity of sub‐gingival plaque remained relatively stable over time, but significant changes were noted in certain taxa, consistent with increases in the relative abundance of commensals and reductions in late colonizers and periodontal pathogens in the water‐jet groups.ConclusionsReduction in gingival inflammation at 4 weeks within the water‐jet groups is accompanied by slight but critical changes in microbiome composition. Although biodiversity does not substantially change within 4 weeks during the resolution of naturally induced gingivitis, significant relative increases in commensal early colonizers such asStreptococcus,VeillonellaandFusobacteriumwere accompanied by a shift towards a less anaerobic microbiota associated with return to health. These changes were contingent upon the type of interdental hygiene, with Group 1 exhibiting more significant alterations in microbiome composition towards a periodontal‐health‐compatible community.
Economic policy uncertainty and short‐term reversals
Authors: Zhu Zhaobo , Sun Licheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, we provide new evidence on the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on asset pricing. Specifically, we find that short‐term return reversals are stronger following high‐EPU periods, likely due to an uncertainty‐induced decrease in stock market liquidity. However, EPU does not appear to have a significant effect on accounting‐based anomalies, possibly because these anomalies are not driven by stock illiquidity. Our findings suggest that EPU affects short‐term asset prices mainly through stock liquidity. However, EPU may contain incremental information beyond stock liquidity. Moreover, the arrival of the latest fundamental information could significantly mitigate the effect of EPU on short‐term reversals.
A temporal investigation of experienced incivility and perpetrated counterproductive work behaviour
Authors: Henderson Alexandra A. , Matthews Russell A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFollowing the principles of dynamic equilibrium theory (DET), this study examined the stable (institutional) and dynamic (episodic) components of mistreatment [experienced incivility and perpetrated counterproductive work behaviours (CWB)] using two longitudinal field samples based on a latent trait–state modelling approach. Study 1 (N = 615) leveraged a weekly lag design over four assessment points and Study 2 (N = 880) leveraged a monthly lag design over five assessment points. Across the two studies, results indicated that the majority of variance in both mistreatment constructs was institutional (i.e., individuals have meaningful set points that persist over time). Furthermore, institutional experienced incivility was positively related to institutional perpetrated CWB (i.e., the set point for experiencing incivility was positively related to the set point for perpetrating CWB). Similarly, episodic experienced incivility was concurrently associated with episodic perpetrated CWB (i.e., atypical episodes of experienced incivility were concurrently related to atypical episodes of perpetrated CWB). Interestingly, episodic experienced incivility did not have a lagged effect on future episodic perpetrated CWB, while episodic perpetrated CWB did have a lagged effect on future episodic experienced incivility. As such, for minor atypical episodes of mistreatment (i.e., incivility), we found evidence of dynamic equilibrium in that there are immediate episodic changes in other forms of mistreatment, but internal adaptive mechanisms appear to neutralize these effects over time. Meanwhile, overt atypical episodes of mistreatment (i.e., CWB) appear to have both immediate and lasting effects on other forms of mistreatment. These results have implications for DET, as well as for predicting the effectiveness of mistreatment research methodologies and interventions.
Development of genomic SSR markers and genetic diversity of Sphaerulina musiva in China
Authors: Ma Tengjiao , Hu Yanhong , Li Fanggong , Liu Longchang , Cui Linkai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSphaerulina musiva is an important poplar pathogenic fungus that causes leaf spot and stem canker. SSR markers serve as excellent molecular markers for assessing genetic diversity in fungi. To date, few SSR markers have been developed and applied in S. musiva. In this study, genomic‐SSR markers were developed from the S. musiva genome, and applied to analyse the genetic diversity of S. musiva isolates from Henan province in China. A total of 9923 SSR loci were identified with a relative abundance of 343.15 SSR loci per Mb. Tri‐nucleotide repeats were the most abundant in five types of SSRs, and accounted for 56.82% of the total SSR loci. Twelve genomic‐SSR markers were successfully developed from tri‐nucleotide SSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 8 with an average of 4.08 alleles. The polymorphism information content of these loci ranged from 0.428 to 0.770, with an average of 0.553. Based on the SSR markers, a total of 48 haplotypes were identified from 48 S. musiva isolates. Forty‐eight isolates were divided into four main genetic groups at a genetic distance of 0.21. Genetic relationships of the isolates had no obvious correlation with geographic origin. It is the first time to develop genomic SSR markers in S. musiva. The developed SSR markers will be a useful tool to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure of S. musiva.
Dietary hydrolyzed soya lecithin affects feed intake, abundance of bacteria in the caecum, fatty acid composition and area of adipocytes in pre‐mating primiparous V‐line female rabbit
Authors: Mandouh M. I. , Shaheed I. B. , Bionaz M. , Elolimy A. A. , Mansour H. A. , Mohamed Shereen A. , El‐Attrouny Mahmoud M. , Farid O. A. A. , Mousa M. R. , Abdelatty A. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the effect of hydrolyzed soya lecithin; also called lysolecithin or lysophosphatidylcholine, on growth performance, caecal microbiota and fat depots in pre‐breeding primiparous rabbits does. For this, 60 V‐Line primiparous rabbits does (5–6 months) were used in a 30‐day experiment. Does were allotted into three iso‐nitrogenous iso‐caloric dietary treatments (n = 20/group) as follows: (1) CON received 0% soya lecithin, (2) LECL group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% soya lecithin and (3) LECH group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1% soya lecithin. Growth performance indices were measured, caecum samples were collected for measurement of specific bacteria via qPCR, and several fat depots including periovarian fat were sampled for adipocyte morphometry and fatty acid profiling. Statistical analysis was performed using GLM procedures of SAS v9.4. Soya lecithin increased feed intake (p < 0.05). The abundance of caecal Bifidobacteria species, Ruminococcus species and phylum Butryvibrio‐specific genes increased (p < 0.05) in rabbits receiving soya lecithin in their diet, soya lecithin increased the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous and perirenal fat (p < 0.05) and increased the level of monounsaturated fatty acids in periovarian fat (p < 0.05); additionally, the adipocyte area increased in periovarian and perirenal fat (p < 0.05). In conclusion, soya lecithin at a dose of 0.5% increased feed intake and energy storage in adipocytes and improved the fatty acid profile of periovarian fat.
Re‐Examining Collective Religious Violence at Rajneeshpuram: A Cultural Opposition Model Analysis
Authors: Wright Stuart A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe research literature on collective religious violence with regard to new or nontraditional religious movements (NRMs) has revealed an engaging set of arguments about the relative importance of internal versus external factors. While internal or group‐bounded factors are certainly significant, external factors and conditions are sometimes overlooked or at least not fully appreciated. This article synthesizes several models of collective religious violence highlighting external factors into a single “cultural opposition” model to reexamine the Rajneesh movement case in Oregon in the 1980s. I contend that key external incidents, particularly the bombing of the Rajneesh hotel by outsiders, serve as pivotal turning point for the dramatic advent of an armed encampment. The study then offers evidence to support the proposition that exogenous conditions of intense cultural opposition can transform the nonviolent beliefs and practices of a peaceful religious community into the endogenous conditions that Robbins identifies as “necessary” to heighten the likelihood of collective religious violence.
Soybean hull polysaccharides affect the physicochemical properties and lactic acid bacteria proliferation in plant‐based yogurt
Authors: Fan Xiangrong , Liu Xiaoqing , Yan Yaxin , Hua Dong , Liu Jun , Huo Dafei , Liu He 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs a by‐product of soybean processing, soybean hulls contain soybean hull polysaccharides (SHPS). This study aims to develop a plant‐based yogurt with SHPS addition and assess the consequences of SHPS on the physicochemical properties and growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in yogurts. The study investigated the water holding capacity (WHC), microstructure, rheological properties, texture, pH, organoleptic attributes, volatile compounds, flavor profile, and LAB population. The findings reveal that the addition of SHPS significantly impacted these properties. SHPS improved the physicochemical properties, increased the level of flavor compounds, and improved the organoleptic properties of yogurt. Yogurt with 0.6% SHPS demonstrated superior WHC, texture, rheological properties, and the highest organoleptic evaluation scores. However, when SHPS additions exceeded 0.6%, WHC, texture, and rheological properties of the yogurts decreased. Furthermore, SHPS‐added yogurts contained more LAB compared to yogurt without SHPS. LAB grew better in media with SHPS than in media without glucose. Streptococcus thermophilus grew best among the LAB strains. This study highlights the potential of SHPS in yogurt production and its promising applications in fermented food products.