bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decade beyond the economic recession: A study of health‐related lifestyles in urban and rural Spain (2006–2017)
Authors: García‐Mayor Jesús , Moreno‐Llamas Antonio , De La Cruz Sánchez Ernesto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe 2008 economic recession may have affected health‐related indicators differently depending on the living environment. We analyze health‐related indicators in Spain using data from four Spanish health surveys (2006, 2011, 2014, and 2017, 95 924 individuals aged ≥16 years). In 2006–2011, physical activity decreased among men and women, while in 2006–2017, physical activity only decreased among urban women. Daily vegetable intake, except in rural women, increased in 2006–2011 but decreased in 2006–2017 in all groups. Smoking decreased among urban women in 2006–2011 and 2006–2014 but only decreased among men, and even increased among rural women, in 2006–2017. In 2006–2017, obesity increased among men and urban women, good self‐rated health status increased in all groups and flu vaccination declined. Blood pressure and cholesterol control decreased in urban women in 2006–2011 but increased in 2006–2017 in all groups, as well as mammographic and cytological control. Our findings highlight the differential impact of the economic recession on health‐related lifestyles according to sex and place of residence, underscoring the need for targeted health policies to address evolving health disparities over time.
Outcome of pediatric living donor liver transplant: Experience from Pakistan; a resource limited setting
Authors: Aaraj Sahira , Khan Sabeen Abid , Maroof Fatima , Hussain Syed Zohaib , Dar Faisal Saud , Malik Munir Iqbal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionLiver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a lifesaving modality for many liver diseases in children. Pediatric LT is an established treatment in the Western world but is relatively a new procedure in resource‐limited countries like Pakistan. The study aims to highlight the outcomes and survival of pediatric recipients from the first pediatric liver transplant center in Pakistan.MethodA retrospective analysis of pediatric LT was done from 2012 to 2019. The study was conducted in the Hepatobiliary and liver transplant department of Shifa International Hospital (SIH), Islamabad. A detailed analysis for indications for pediatric LT, survival, and complications was done.ResultsForty‐five patients under 18 years of age underwent Living donor liver transplant (LDLT) in SIH. Median age was 9 years and M:F of 2:1. Cryptogenic liver disease followed by Wilson disease were the two most common indications of LT. The majority of patients had chronic liver disease 34 (75%) while 11 (24%) had acute liver failure. The right lobe graft was the most common type of graft 19 (42.2%). Thirty days, 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival was 77.8%, 75.6%, 73.3%, and 60.6% respectively. Mortality was highest in patients with biliary atresia 4 (33%). Causes of death included pulmonary embolism, sepsis, surgical complications, and acute kidney injury. Mean survival was 88.850 months (±7.899) (CI 73.369–104.331).ConclusionPediatric LDLT has offered disease‐free survival for patients. Survival can improve further with nutritional rehabilitation and anticipation and management of post‐operative complications.
Decomposing the late positive potential to cannabis cues in regular cannabis users: A temporal–spatial principal component analysis
Authors: Preston Thomas J. , Cougle Jesse R. , Schmidt Norman B. , Macatee Richard J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCannabis use disorder (CUD) is increasing in the United States, yet, specific neural mechanisms of CUD are not well understood. Disordered substance use is characterized by heightened drug cue incentive salience, which can be measured using the late positive potential (LPP), an event‐related potential (ERP) evoked by motivationally significant stimuli. The drug cue LPP is typically quantified by averaging the slow wave's scalp‐recorded amplitude across its entire time course, which may obscure distinct underlying factors with differential predictive validity; however, no study to date has examined this possibility. In a sample of 105 cannabis users, temporo‐spatial Principal Component Analysis was used to decompose cannabis cue modulation of the LPP into its underlying factors. Acute stress was also inducted to allow for identification of specific cannabis LPP factors sensitive to stress. Factor associations with CUD severity were also explored. Eight factors showed significantly increased amplitudes to cannabis images relative to neutral images. These factors spanned early (~372 ms), middle (~824 ms), and late (>1000 ms) windows across frontal, central, and parietal‐occipital sites. CUD phenotype individual differences were primarily associated with frontal, middle/late latency factor amplitudes. Acute stress effects were limited to one early central and one late frontal factor. Taken together, results suggest that the cannabis LPP can be decomposed into distinct, temporal‐spatial factors with differential responsivity to acute stress and CUD phenotype variability. Future individual difference studies examining drug cue modulation of the LPP should consider (1) frontalcentral poolings in addition to conventional central‐parietal sites, and (2) later LPP time windows.
Trust and trustworthy artificial intelligence: A research agenda for AI in the environmental sciences
Authors: Bostrom Ann , Demuth Julie L. , Wirz Christopher D. , Cains Mariana G. , Schumacher Andrea , Madlambayan Deianna , Bansal Akansha Singh , Bearth Angela , Chase Randy , Crosman Katherine M. , Ebert‐Uphoff Imme , Gagne David John , Guikema Seth , Hoffman Robert , Johnson Branden B. , Kumler‐Bonfanti Christina , Lee John D. , Lowe Anna , McGovern Amy , Przybylo Vanessa , Radford Jacob T. , Roth Emilie , Sutter Carly , Tissot Philippe , Roebber Paul , Stewart Jebb Q. , White Miranda , Williams John K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDemands to manage the risks of artificial intelligence (AI) are growing. These demands and the government standards arising from them both call for trustworthy AI. In response, we adopt a convergent approach to review, evaluate, and synthesize research on the trust and trustworthiness of AI in the environmental sciences and propose a research agenda. Evidential and conceptual histories of research on trust and trustworthiness reveal persisting ambiguities and measurement shortcomings related to inconsistent attention to the contextual and social dependencies and dynamics of trust. Potentially underappreciated in the development of trustworthy AI for environmental sciences is the importance of engaging AI users and other stakeholders, which human–AI teaming perspectives on AI development similarly underscore. Co‐development strategies may also help reconcile efforts to develop performance‐based trustworthiness standards with dynamic and contextual notions of trust. We illustrate the importance of these themes with applied examples and show how insights from research on trust and the communication of risk and uncertainty can help advance the understanding of trust and trustworthiness of AI in the environmental sciences.
A new paradigm for high‐dimensional data: Distance‐based semiparametric feature aggregation framework via between‐subject attributes
Authors: Liu Jinyuan , Zhang Xinlian , Lin Tuo , Chen Ruohui , Zhong Yuan , Chen Tian , Wu Tsungchin , Liu Chenyu , Huang Anna , Nguyen Tanya T. , Lee Ellen E. , Jeste Dilip V. , Tu Xin M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a distance‐based framework incentivized by the paradigm shift toward feature aggregation for high‐dimensional data, which does not rely on the sparse‐feature assumption or the permutation‐based inference. Focusing on distance‐based outcomes that preserve information without truncating any features, a class of semiparametric regression has been developed, which encapsulates multiple sources of high‐dimensional variables using pairwise outcomes of between‐subject attributes. Further, we propose a strategy to address the interlocking correlations among pairs via the U‐statistics‐based estimating equations (UGEE), which correspond to their unique efficient influence function (EIF). Hence, the resulting semiparametric estimators are robust to distributional misspecification while enjoying root‐n consistency and asymptotic optimality to facilitate inference. In essence, the proposed approach not only circumvents information loss due to feature selection but also improves the model's interpretability and computational feasibility. Simulation studies and applications to the human microbiome and wearables data are provided, where the feature dimensions are tens of thousands.
How to maximise asynchronous video resources that have been co‐produced with patient partners
Authors: Martin Romany , Hardcastle Sibella , Moyle Bruce , Dowlman Michele , Williams Andrew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnsuring that health professional education is person centred is vital in the pursuit of person‐centred clinical care. However, the volume of person‐centred care content varies broadly in health professional education. One acknowledged approach to designing curriculum that is person‐centred is to embed resources that have been co‐produced by patients with lived and living experience. In this article, we aim to provide a guideline for the inclusion of asynchronous interdisciplinary video resources that have been co‐produced by patients with lived and living experience.
Comparison Between Movement Pattern Training and Strengthening on Kinematics and Kinetics in Patients With Chronic Hip-Related Groin Pain
Authors: Palaniappan Ramya , Harris Michael D. , Steger-May Karen , Bove Allyn M. , Fitzgerald G. Kelley , Clohisy John C. , Harris-Hayes Marcie 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the preliminary effects of movement pattern training (MoveTrain) versus strengthening/flexibility (standard) treatment on hip and pelvic biomechanics in patients with chronic hip-related groin pain. This is a secondary analysis of data collected during a pilot randomized clinical trial. Thirty patients with hip pain, between the ages of 15 and 40 years, were randomized to MoveTrain or standard. Both groups completed 10 treatment sessions over 12 weeks along with a daily home exercise program. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to collect kinematic and kinetic data of the pelvis and hip during a single-leg squat task at pretreatment and immediately posttreatment. Compared with the standard group, the MoveTrain group demonstrated smaller hip adduction angles (P = .006) and smaller hip external adduction moments (P = .008) at posttreatment. The desired changes to hip joint biomechanics, as found in this study, may require specificity in training that could allow health care professionals to better customize the rehabilitation of patients with hip pain. These findings can also be applied to the design and implementation of future clinical trials to strengthen our understanding of the long-term implications of different rehabilitation techniques for patients with hip pain.
Inequalities in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Television Viewing According to Age Among a Brazilian Adult Population
Authors: Wendt Andrea , Machado Adriana K.F. , da Silva Bruna G.C. , Costa Caroline S. , Ricardo Luiza I.C. , da Silva Shana Ginar 
Published: November 2023

Background: The present study aims to estimate leisure-time physical activity and television (TV) viewing curves according to age stratified by sex, area of residence, and socioeconomic position. Methods: Using data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, we estimated the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and TV viewing according to continuous age. The estimates were calculated using fractional polynomials and stratified by sex, wealth, skin color, and area of residence. Results: The sample included 87,376 adults (aged 18 y or over). In general, leisure-time physical activity decreased according to age while TV viewing increased. Regarding behavior of curves according to stratifiers, for leisure-time physical activity the disadvantaged groups maintained a pattern of low physical activity across all age groups or presented the decrease earlier when compared to groups in social advantage. On the other hand, for TV viewing, women presented an increase in prevalence before men, and individuals living in the urban area and the wealthiest group were those with a higher increase according to age. Conclusions: Our findings may help researchers and policymakers further explore inequalities in physical activity across life in different settings, as well as develop sensitive cultural actions to support more vulnerable people to adopt public health recommendations.
Essential role of
Helicobacter pylori
apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase (Lnt) in stomach colonization
Authors: Jung Matthew S. , Piazuelo M. Blanca , Brackman Lee C. , McClain Mark S. , Algood Holly M. Scott 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacterial lipoproteins are post-translationally modified with acyl chains, anchoring these proteins to bacterial membranes. In Gram-negative bacteria, three enzymes complete the modifications. Lgt (which adds two acyl chains) and LspA (which removes the signal peptide) are essential. Lnt (which adds a third acyl chain) is not essential in certain bacteria including
Francisella tularensis
,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
, and
Acinetobacter baumannii
. Deleting
lnt
results in mild to severe physiologic changes. We previously showed
lnt
is not essential for
Helicobacter pylori
growth
in vitro
. Here, the physiologic consequences of deleting
lnt
in
H. pylori
and the role of Lnt in the host response to
H. pylori
were examined using
in vitro
and
in vivo
models. Comparing wild-type, Δ
lnt
, and complemented mutant
H. pylori
, no changes in growth rates or sensitivity to acid or antibiotics were observed. Since deleting
lnt
changes the number of acyl chains on lipoproteins and the number of acyl chains on lipoproteins impacts the innate immune response through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling, primary human gastric epithelial cells were treated with a purified lipoprotein from wild-type or
lnt
mutant
H. pylori
. Differential gene expression analysis indicated that lipoprotein from the
lnt
mutant induced a more robust TLR2 response. In a complementary approach, we infected wild-type and
Tlr2
−/−
mice and found that both the wild-type and complemented mutant strains successfully colonized the animals. However, the
lnt
mutant strain was unable to colonize either mouse strain. These results show that
lnt
is essential for
H. pylori
colonization and identifies lipoprotein synthesis as a target for therapeutic intervention.
Exploring the diverse definitions of ‘evidence’: a scoping review
Authors: Yu Xuan , Wu Shouyuan , Sun Yajia , Wang Ping , Wang Ling , Su Renfeng , Zhao Junxian , Fadlallah Racha , Boeira Laura , Oliver Sandy , Abraha Yoseph G , Sewankambo Nelson K , El-Jardali Fadi , Norris Susan L , Chen Yaolong 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo systematically collect and analyse diverse definitions of ‘evidence’ in both health and social sciences, and help users to correctly use the term ‘evidence’ and rethink what is the definition of ‘evidence’ in scientific research.DesignScoping review.MethodsDefinitions of evidence in the health sciences and social sciences were included. We have excluded the definition of evidence applied in the legal field, abstracts without full text, documents not published in either Chinese or English and so on. We established a multidisciplinary working group and systematically searched five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO, the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index and the Chinese Science Citation Database from their inception to 26 February 2022. We also searched websites and reviewed the reference lists of the identified studies. Six reviewers working in pairs, independently, selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and extracted information. Any differences were discussed in pairs, and if there was disagreement, it was resolved via discussion or with the help of a third reviewer. Reviewers extracted document characteristics, the original content for the definitions of ‘evidence’, assessed definitions as either intensional or extensional, and any citations for the given definition.ResultsForty-nine documents were finally included after screening, and 68 definitions were obtained. After excluding duplicates, a total of 54 different definitions of ‘evidence’ were identified. There were 42 intensional definitions and 12 extensional definitions. The top three definiens were ‘information’, ‘fact’ and ‘research/study’. The definition of ‘evidence’ differed between health and social sciences. The term ‘research’ appeared most frequently in the definitions.ConclusionsThe definition of ‘evidence’ has gradually attracted the attention of many scholars and decision-makers in health and social sciences. Nevertheless, there is no widely recognised and accepted definition in scientific research. Given the wide use of the term, we need to think about whether, or under what circumstances, a standardised, clear, meaningful and widely applicable definition of ‘evidence’ might be helpful.
Improving surgical safety checklist utilisation at 23 public health facilities in Ethiopia: a collaborative quality improvement project
Authors: Bete Dawit Yifru , Sibhatu Manuel Kassaye , Godebo Melaku Gebremichael , Abdulahi Ilili Jemal , Liyew Tewodros Worku , Minas Seye Mesfin , Bryce Emily , Ashengo Tigistu Adamu , Varallo John 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIn 2009, the WHO introduced the surgical safety checklist (SSC) as one of the interventions for improving patient safety. The systematic use of structured checklists during surgery has been shown to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, SSC utilisation has been challenging in low-income and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Jhpiego Ethiopia implemented a quality improvement project (QIP) aimed to increase SSC utilisation.MethodologyA model for improvement was used to design and implement a collaborative QIP to improve SSC utilisation at 23 public health facilities (13 primary health care facilities, 4 general hospitals and 6 tertiary hospitals) in Ethiopia from October 2020 to September 2021. SSC utilisation was defined as when a patient chart had SSC attached and each part of the checklist was completed. Training of surgical staff on safe surgery packages, monthly clinical mentorship and cluster-based learning platforms were implemented during the study period. We analysed bimonthly chart audit reports from each facility to assess the proportion of surgeries where the SSC was used. Shewhart charts were used to conduct a time-series analysis. Additionally, the Z-test for two sample proportions was used to determine if there is a statistically significant change from the baseline measure with a p<0.05.ResultIn the postintervention period, the overall SSC utilisation improved by 39.9 absolute percentage points to 90.3% (p<0.0001) compared with the baseline value of 50.4% early in 2020. A time-series analysis using Shewhart charts showed a shift in the mean performance and signals of special cause variation. The largest improvement was observed in primary health care facilities in which the SSC utilisation improved from 50.8% to 97.9% (p<0.0001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that onsite clinical capacity building, mentorship and collaborative cluster-based learning platforms can improve SSC utilisation across all levels of facilities performing surgery.
Healthcare provider perspectives on COVID-19 vaccination for children in India
Authors: Mehta Kayur , Kaur Amarpreet , Banerjee Preetika , Gupta Piyush , Thacker Naveen , Saxena Vineet , Shet Anita 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe rapid development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines have been critical to halt the spread of the pandemic. India started vaccinating children in early 2022, however, vaccine uptake has been suboptimal.MethodsBetween September and November 2022, we conducted an online survey that was disseminated to eligible participants via email, text messages and social media platforms across India. The survey aimed to gather the perspectives of Indian healthcare providers regarding key factors related to the rollout of paediatric COVID-19 vaccines. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse participant demographics and responses on knowledge about paediatric COVID-19 vaccines, perceived risks and benefits, and vaccine rollout strategies.ResultsThe survey yielded 805 respondents from 23 Indian states; 63.5% were men, 97.3% were paediatricians, median age was 44 years (IQR 25–81). Eighty-one per cent and 65.2% respondents had heard about the most common paediatric COVID-19 vaccines in India, Covaxin and Corbevax, but only 52.9%, 53.7% and 62.1% felt adequately informed about their safety, efficacy and vaccination schedules, respectively. Thirty per cent of respondents were unaware of vaccination guidelines. Eighty-five per cent of respondents felt that vaccines would reduce the incidence of severe disease, hospitalisation and deaths, and 60.6% felt children with comorbidities should be prioritised for vaccination. Perceived supply side barriers included lack of enforcement of guidelines (45.2%) and adverse effects following immunisation monitoring systems (37.6%), and on the demand side, parental vaccine hesitancy (64.4%). Eighty-one per cent believed that school-based vaccination strategies would be highly effective in increasing uptake.ConclusionsMost respondents were in support of the COVID-19 paediatric vaccination, although just over half did not feel adequately informed. Concerns about vaccine hesitancy among caregivers were the leading reported barrier. Targeted interventions are needed to provide adequate knowledge support to healthcare providers and evidence-based public health messaging to reduce vaccine hesitancy among caregivers.