bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggressive multi‐combination therapy for anti‐MDA5 antibody‐positive dermatomyositis‐rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease
Authors: Hata Kenichiro , Kotani Takuya , Matsuda Shogo , Fujiki Youhei , Suzuka Takayasu , Kiboshi Takao , Wada Yumiko , Shiba Hideyuki , Shoda Takeshi , Kagitani Maki , Takeuchi Tohru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo elucidate the efficacy and safety of aggressive multi‐combination therapy with mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, and plasma exchange or polymyxin B immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion followed by conventional therapy with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide in patients with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) with anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA5)‐antibody‐positive dermatomyositis (DM).MethodsA total of 23 patients with anti‐MDA5 antibody‐positive DM‐RPILD were enrolled, with nine patients in Group A (treated conventionally before March 2015) and 14 patients in Group B (received aggressive treatment after April 2015).ResultsPretreatment severity of interstitial lung disease (ILD) did not differ between the two groups. However, Group B exhibited a higher cumulative survival rate at 48 weeks than Group A (64.3% vs. 33.3%). The corticosteroid dose, divided by the initial dose at 3 months and 12 months, was significantly lower in Group B than in Group A (p = .046 and .026, respectively). Among the ILD‐related deaths in Group B, there was a tendency toward a higher proportion of males and more severe ILD. The incidence of infection did not differ between the groups, but leukopenia was more common in Group B.ConclusionThis aggressive multi‐combination therapy may improve the survival outcome of patients with anti‐MDA5 antibody‐positive DM‐RPILD. However, careful management of complications, such as opportunistic infections and leukopenia, is essential. Future refinement through longitudinal investigations tracking the long‐term efficacy, safety, and cost‐effectiveness of this treatment strategy is needed.
Microbial perspective of inhibited carbon turnover in Tangel humus of the Northern Limestone Alps
Authors: Rzehak Theresa , Praeg Nadine , Zink Harald , Simon Alois , Geitner Clemens , Illmer Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTangel humus primarily occurs in montane and subalpine zones of the calcareous Alps that exhibit low temperatures and high precipitation sums. This humus form is characterized by inhibited carbon turnover and accumulated organic matter, leading to the typical thick organic layers. However, the reason for this accumulation of organic matter is still unclear, and knowledge about the microbial community within Tangel humus is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the prokaryotic and fungal communities along with the physical and chemical properties within a depth gradient (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50 cm) of a Tangel humus located in the Northern Limestone Alps. We hypothesized that humus properties and microbial activity, biomass, and diversity differ along the depth gradient and that microbial key players refer to certain humus depths. Our results give the first comprehensive information about microbiota within the Tangel humus and establish a microbial zonation of the humus. Microbial activity, biomass, as well as microbial alpha diversity significantly decreased with increasing depths. We identified microbial biomarkers for both, the top and the deepest depth, indicating different, microbial habitats. The microbial characterization together with the established nutrient deficiencies in the deeper depths might explain reduced C‐turnover and Tangel humus formation.
Simulating animal space use from fitted integrated Step‐Selection Functions (iSSF)
Authors: Signer J. , Fieberg J. , Reineking B. , Schlägel U. , Smith B. , Balkenhol N. , Avgar T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

A standing challenge in the study of animal movement ecology is the capacity to predict where and when an individual animal might occur on the landscape, the so‐called, utilisation distribution (UD). Under certain assumptions, the steady‐state UD can be predicted from a fitted exponential habitat selection function. However, these assumptions are rarely met. Furthermore, there are many applications that require the estimation of transient dynamics rather than steady‐state UDs (e.g. when modelling migration or dispersal). Thus, there is a clear need for computational tools capable of predicting UDs based on observed animal movement data.

Integrated Step‐Selection Analyses (iSSAs), which integrates movement of the animal into habitat selection analyses, are widely used to study habitat selection and movement of wild animals, and result in a fully parametrised individual‐based model of animal movement, which we refer to as an integrated Step Selection Function (iSSF). An iSSF can be used to generate stochastic animal paths based on random draws from a series of Markovian redistribution kernels, each consisting of a selection‐free, but possibly habitat‐influenced, movement kernel and a movement‐free selection function. The UD can be approximated by a sufficiently large set of such stochastic paths.

Here, we present a set of functions in R to facilitate the simulation of animal space use from fitted iSSFs. Our goal is to provide a general purpose simulator that is easy to use and is part of an existing workflow for iSSAs (within the amt R package).

We demonstrate through a series of applications how the simulator can be used to address a variety of questions in applied movement ecology. By providing functions in amt and coded examples, we hope to encourage ecologists using iSSFs to explore their predictions and model goodness‐of‐fit using simulations, and to further explore mechanistic approaches to modelling landscape connectivity.
Intermittent supplementation with fisetin improves arterial function in old mice by decreasing cellular senescence
Authors: Mahoney Sophia A. , Venkatasubramanian Ravinandan , Darrah Mary A. , Ludwig Katelyn R. , VanDongen Nicholas S. , Greenberg Nathan T. , Longtine Abigail G. , Hutton David A. , Brunt Vienna E. , Campisi Judith , Melov Simon , Seals Douglas R. , Rossman Matthew J. , Clayton Zachary S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCellular senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contribute to age‐related arterial dysfunction, in part, by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation, which reduce the bioavailability of the vasodilatory molecule nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we assessed the efficacy of fisetin, a natural compound, as a senolytic to reduce vascular cell senescence and SASP factors and improve arterial function in old mice. We found that fisetin decreased cellular senescence in human endothelial cell culture. In old mice, vascular cell senescence and SASP‐related inflammation were lower 1 week after the final dose of oral intermittent (1 week on—2 weeks off—1 weeks on dosing) fisetin supplementation. Old fisetin‐supplemented mice had higher endothelial function. Leveraging old p16‐3MR mice, a transgenic model allowing genetic clearance of p16INK4A‐positive senescent cells, we found that ex vivo removal of senescent cells from arteries isolated from vehicle‐ but not fisetin‐treated mice increased endothelium‐dependent dilation, demonstrating that fisetin improved endothelial function through senolysis. Enhanced endothelial function with fisetin was mediated by increased NO bioavailability and reduced cellular‐ and mitochondrial‐related oxidative stress. Arterial stiffness was lower in fisetin‐treated mice. Ex vivo genetic senolysis in aorta rings from p16‐3MR mice did not further reduce mechanical wall stiffness in fisetin‐treated mice, demonstrating lower arterial stiffness after fisetin was due to senolysis. Lower arterial stiffness with fisetin was accompanied by favorable arterial wall remodeling. The findings from this study identify fisetin as promising therapy for clinical translation to target excess cell senescence to treat age‐related arterial dysfunction.
Low screening rates and high prevalence of osteoporosis in cirrhosis: A real‐world retrospective analysis
Authors: Thomson Mary , Scott Adam , Trost Suzanne , Lake Jack , Lim Nicholas 
Published: December 2023

SummaryBackgroundPatients with cirrhosis are at increased risk for osteoporosis, and those who suffer a fracture are at high risk for mortality. Despite this, osteoporosis is often overlooked and undertreated. This study aimed to evaluate osteoporosis screening, management, and adverse osteoporosis medication events in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of adult outpatients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis seen in single health system over a 6‐year period. Patient demographics, liver and bone health comorbidities, DEXA scan results, and medications were abstracted.ResultsIn total, 5398 patients met criteria. The cohort was predominately white (79.1%) and older (age 59). 44.4% were female. 64.6% had decompensated cirrhosis. Median MELD‐Na score was 12.8. 23.5% had a DEXA scan ordered, approximately 50% completed this test. Patients who were older, female, white, with more severe liver disease, and other osteoporosis risk factors were more likely to have a DEXA scan ordered. 48.5% of patients had osteopenia and 30.2% had osteoporosis on DEXA scan. Only 22.6% of patients with osteoporosis received treatment, most commonly oral bisphosphonates. Oral bisphosphonate prescription was not associated with variceal bleeding (8.4% without vs. 4.8% with, p = 0.487).ConclusionA minority of patients with cirrhosis were screened for osteoporosis. The majority screened had osteopenia or osteoporosis on DEXA scan. Less than a quarter of patients with osteoporosis were started on treatment. Real‐world experience of oral bisphosphonate use did not reveal higher rates of gastrointestinal bleeding. There is room for improvement in all aspects of bone health care in cirrhosis.
Letter: Antibiotics prescription and new‐onset irritable bowel syndrome—Authors' reply
Authors: Staller Kyle , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Staller et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17736 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17820
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and idiosyncratic volatility: The COVID‐19 pandemic and its impact on ESG‐sensitive industries
Authors: Kim Jihun , Kang Jongho , Hyun Suk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study provides an in‐depth examination of the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and the idiosyncratic volatility of Korean companies. In line with the risk‐mitigation view, the study finds that strong ESG performance is associated with a reduction in a firm's idiosyncratic volatility. The impact of ESG performance on reducing firm volatility was particularly evident during the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the role of ESG performance in risk mitigation during crisis periods. The study also shows that companies with strong ESG performance in industries that are highly sensitive to ESG factors are particularly adept at reducing idiosyncratic volatility. These findings underscore the importance of ESG enhancement for both firm managers and policymakers, particularly within ESG‐sensitive industries.
Canadian politicians' rhetoric on Twitter/X: Analysing prejudice and inclusion towards Muslims using structural topic modelling and rhetorical analysis
Authors: Shayegh John , Sumantry David , Jagayat Arvin , Choma Becky 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe analysed tweets from five English‐speaking Canadian political parties in the year leading up to the 2019 federal election to explore both prejudicial and inclusive rhetoric in relation to Muslim identities on social media. We used structural topic modelling to understand what topics were discussed before moving to a rhetorical approach to analyse how topics were discussed. We identified 10 topics. Seven talked about Muslim groups in primarily inclusive ways, including depicting the positive contributions to Canadian society, creating ideological space for Muslim religious practices and invoking superordinate identities with victims of hate crimes to cultivate solidarity. However, the effectiveness of inclusive rhetoric was sometimes questioned due to omitting the subgroup‐specific prejudice faced by Muslims. Prejudicial rhetoric occurred in three of the topics due to the nativist populist PPC party depicting Muslims as a threat to Canadian values, as hostile to people from other religious faiths, and depicting ‘elites’ in society as concealing the ‘true’ information concerning Muslims. The study contributes to understanding how politicians attempt to cultivate minority inclusion/exclusion in multicultural contexts through social media, as well as understanding the rhetoric of nativist populism in Canada and its similarities to other Global North contexts.
Evaluation of MV140 in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections: a multicentre double‐blind randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Kovacic James , Canagasingham Ashan , Zhong Wenjie , Lockhart Kathleen , Dhar Ankur , Shepherd Andrew , Chung Amanda 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo determine, firstly, whether MV140 reduces rates of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) in patients older than 65 years, measured as the number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) detected over 12 months following the completion of a 3‐month treatment course and, additionally, to assess the number of re‐admissions to the emergency department, the rate of antibiotic use for UTIs, the safety profile of MV140, and quality of life.Materials and MethodsThis is a multicentre, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial with two arms. Patients will be randomized and allocated to receive either a 3‐month course of MV140 or placebo (two sublingual sprays daily). Participants will have 3‐monthly consultations with the investigator for 12 months to assess differences in rates of rUTIs between the two groups. Study candidates will be identified and recruited from inpatient and outpatient clinics across Sydney via referral to the investigation team. After obtaining consent, participants will undergo initial study consultations including urine microscopy and culture, uroflowmetry, and bladder scan to assess postvoid residual urine volume. Participants will be randomized and provided with a unique trial number. Electronic medical records will be reviewed to collect relevant information. Participants will be provided with a study diary to record relevant data.ResultsFollow‐up consultations will be conducted every 3 months for a 12‐month duration, during which the study diary will be reviewed. These follow‐up consultations will primarily occur via telephone review, however, there will be flexibility for in‐person reviews for participants who find telephone consultation prohibitively difficult.ConclusionThis is a multicentre, double‐blinded, randomised control trial, the first in Australia to assess the safety and efficacy of MV140 Uromune vaccine in prevention of recurrent UTIs. Results have been promissing in the global literatures.
Gender‐affirming care in urology: emergency care of the gender‐affirming surgical patient—what the primary urologist needs to know
Authors: Krakowsky Yonah , Shah Gresha , Nguyen Anna‐Lisa V. , Kavanagh Alex G. , Potter Emery , Remondini Taylor , Goldsher Yulia Wilk , Millman Alexandra 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo present a narrative review of fundamental information needed to manage postoperative complications in patients who have undergone genital gender‐affirming surgery (GAS).MethodsA narrative review was performed using the following keywords: ‘gender‐affirming surgery’, ‘complications’, ‘emergency’, ‘postoperative’. Articles were included after being reviewed by two primary authors for relevance. Four clinicians with significant experience providing both primary and ongoing urological care to patients after GAS were involved in article selection and analysis.ResultsThe most common feminising genital GAS performed is a vaginoplasty. The main post‐surgical complications seen by urologists include wound healing complications, voiding dysfunction, postoperative bleeding, vaginal stenosis, acute vaginal prolapse and graft loss, rectovaginal fistula, and urethrovaginal fistula. The most common masculinising genital GAS options include metoidioplasty and phalloplasty. Complications for these surgeries include urethral strictures, urethral fistulae, and urethral diverticula. Penile implants may also accompany phalloplasties and their complications include infection, erosion, migration, and mechanical failure.ConclusionGenital GAS is increasing, yet there are still many barriers that individuals face not only in accessing the surgeries, but in receiving follow‐up care critical for optimal outcomes. Improved education and training programmes would be helpful to identify and manage postoperative complications. Broader cultural level changes are also important to ensure a safe, gender‐inclusive environment for all patients.
To squeeze or not: Regulation of cell size by mechanical forces in development and human diseases
Authors: Claude‐Taupin Aurore , Dupont Nicolas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhysical constraints, such as compression, shear stress, stretching and tension play major roles during development and tissue homeostasis. Mechanics directly impact physiology, and their alteration is also recognized as having an active role in driving human diseases. Recently, growing evidence has accumulated on how mechanical forces are translated into a wide panel of biological responses, including metabolism and changes in cell morphology. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss our knowledge on the impact of mechanical forces on cell size regulation. Other biological consequences of mechanical forces will not be covered by this review. Moreover, wherever possible, we also discuss mechanosensors and molecular and cellular signaling pathways upstream of cell size regulation. We finally highlight the relevance of mechanical forces acting on cell size in physiology and human diseases.
Low‐dose diazoxide is safe and effective in infants with transient hyperinsulinism
Authors: Malhotra Neha , Yau Daphne , Cunjamalay Annaruby , Gunasekara Buddhi , S. Athanasakopoulou , Gilbert Clare , Morgan Kate , Dattani Mehul , Dastamani Antonia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTransient hyperinsulinism (THI) is the most common form of recurrent hypoglycaemia in neonates beyond the first week of life. Although self‐resolving, treatment can be required. Consensus guidelines recommend the lower end of the diazoxide 5–15 mg/kg/day range in THI to reduce the risk of adverse events. We sought to determine if doses <5 mg/kg/day of diazoxide can be effective in THI.Design, Patients, MeasurmentsInfants with THI (duration <6 months) were treated with low‐dose diazoxide from October 2015 to February 2021. Dosing was based on weight at diazoxide start: 2 mg/kg/day in infants 1000–2000 g (cohort 1), 3 mg/kg/day in those 2000–3500 g (cohort 2) and 5 mg/kg/day in those >3500 g.ResultsA total of 73 infants with THI (77% male, 33% preterm, 52% small‐for‐gestational age) were commenced on diazoxide at a median age of 11 days (range 3–43) for a median duration of 4 months (0.3–6.8), with no difference between cohorts. The mean effective diazoxide dose was 3 mg/kg/day (range 1.5–10); 35% (26/73) required an increase from their starting dose, including 60% (9/15) of cohort 1. There was no association between perinatal stress risk factors or treatment‐related characteristics and dose increase. Adverse events occurred in 13 patients (18%); oedema (12%) and hyponatraemia (5%) were the most common. Two infants developed suspected necrotising enterocolitis (NEC); none had pulmonary hypertension.ConclusionDiazoxide doses <5 mg/kg/day are effective in THI. While the nature of the association between diazoxide and NEC was unclear, other adverse events were mild. We suggest considering starting doses as low as 2–3 mg/kg/day in THI to balance the side effect risk while maintaining euglycaemia.
Association between atopic disease and vaccination granulomas: A nested case–control study
Authors: Hoffmann Stine Skovbo , Thiesson Emilia Myrup , Johansen Jeanne Duus , Hviid Anders 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundVaccination granulomas are observed in 1% of all children vaccinated with an aluminium‐adsorbed vaccine. Most children with granulomas also have aluminium contact allergy (CA). CA and atopic diseases are both highly prevalent among children and may be associated.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between vaccination granulomas and atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma and rhinitis in children.MethodsWe sourced a cohort of all Danish children born from 2009 to 2017 and conducted a nested case–control study, with cases defined as children with vaccination granulomas, matched to controls 1:10 on sex, socioeconomic class, gestational age and season of birth. All cases and controls were vaccinated with aluminium‐adsorbed vaccines and followed until their second birthday. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs).ResultsThe study included 2171 cases with vaccination granulomas, and 21 710 controls. Children with a diagnosis of AD had a significantly higher risk of a vaccination granuloma (OR 1.50, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.25–1.80). No significant association was found between granulomas and asthma or rhinitis. The association between granulomas and AD was even higher in an additional sensitivity‐analysis, following the children until their fourth birthday (OR 2.71, 95% CI 2.36–3.11).ConclusionAD was significantly associated with vaccination granulomas, but not with other atopic diseases, within both the first 2 and 4 years of life.
Higher education: The impact of recreational marijuana on college applications
Authors: Blake Christopher D. , Thomas Danna Kang , Hess Joshua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing a two‐way fixed effects difference‐in‐differences model, we investigate the effects of local recreational marijuana (RMJ) policy changes on college applications and find that the three largest state public schools reaped, on average, an almost 54% increase in applications. This increase does not appear to come solely from low‐ability students as both first and third quartiles of admitted student composite SAT scores to the largest three public schools do not decrease. Rather, they both increase by almost 3.8% though these estimates are not statistically significant. Robust difference‐in‐difference and event study models support the signs and magnitudes of these gains and show they diminish over time.