bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The flexibility and representational nature of phonological prediction in listening comprehension: evidence from the visual world paradigm
Authors: Zhao Zitong , Ding Jinfeng , Wang Jiayu , Chen Yiya , Li Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing the visual world paradigm with printed words, this study investigated the flexibility and representational nature of phonological prediction in real-time speech processing. Native speakers of Mandarin Chinese listened to spoken sentences containing highly predictable target words and viewed a visual array with a critical word and a distractor word on the screen. The critical word was manipulated in four ways: a highly predictable target word, a homophone competitor, a tonal competitor, or an unrelated word. Participants showed a preference for fixating on the homophone competitors before hearing the highly predictable target word. The predicted phonological information waned shortly but was re-activated later around the acoustic onset of the target word. Importantly, this homophone bias was observed only when participants were completing a ‘pronunciation judgement’ task, but not when they were completing a ‘word judgement’ task. No effect was found for the tonal competitors. The task modulation effect, combined with the temporal pattern of phonological pre-activation, indicates that phonological prediction can be flexibly generated by top-down mechanisms. The lack of tonal competitor effect suggests that phonological features such as lexical tone are not independently predicted for anticipatory speech processing.
High-resolution reconstruction of infiltration in the Southern Cook Islands based on trace elements in speleothems
Authors: Faraji Mohammadali , Borsato Andrea , Frisia Silvia , Hartland Adam , Hellstrom John C. , Greig Alan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study utilizes speleothem trace elements as climate proxies to reconstruct hydroclimate variability over approximately 350 years in the Southern Cook Islands. Stalagmites Pu17 and Pu4 from Pouatea cave were analyzed using high-resolution LA-ICP-MS for trace elements (Mg, Na, Sr, P, U, Y). By monitoring cave dripwater and conducting regression analysis, we found that Mg, Sr, and Na in Pouatea dripwater mostly originated from marine aerosols, while Sr and Ba were primarily from bedrock, with additional Ba coming from marine aerosols and weathered oceanic basalt leaching. Mg was identified as the most reliable element for hydroclimate reconstruction due to its predominantly marine aerosol origin. Infiltration, via dilution of marine aerosols and bedrock inputs, was identified as the main driver of trace element variations in Pouatea at a seasonal scale. Transfer functions were established between each trace element and effective infiltration was calculated, with Mg showing the strongest correlation. The reconstructed infiltration data were compared with climate indices, showing an overarching role of the SPCZ and ENSO in controlling rainfall in the South Pacific. This research demonstrates the potential of speleothem trace elements for paleohydroclimate reconstructions, improving understanding of rainfall variability in the climatically vulnerable South Pacific Islands over the past millennia.
Provenance of the early Palaeozoic volcano-sedimentary successions from eastern part of the Central Sudetes: implications for the tectonic evolution of the NE Bohemian Massif
Authors: Szczepański Jacek , Kaszuba Gabriela , Anczkiewicz Robert , Ilnicki Sławomir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt (KMB) and the Doboszowice Metamorphic Complex (DMC) expose a fragment of the pre-Variscan volcano-sedimentary cover preserved in the Fore-Sudetic Block in the NE part of the Bohemian Massif. We present the age of detrital and magmatic zircon grains and the bulk rock chemical composition of rock samples from the KMB and the DMC to better understand the evolution of the early Palaeozoic Gondwana margin. The zircon age spectra were acquired by U–Pb LA–ICP–MS dating and represent two groups that differ by maximum depositional age (MDA). The paragneiss from the DMC displays the MDA at 456 Ma, whereas the mica shist from the KMB displays the MDA at 529 Ma. Older age peaks in both groups of samples are represented by the Neoproterozoic and less frequent the Paleoproterozoic and Archean. The data presented indicate that the rock successions were sourced from the Cadomian orogen and deposited in the basins that developed on the Gondwana margin. Our results support the suggestion that the crystalline basement in the eastern part of the Fore-Sudetic Block has an affinity to the Trans-Saharan Belt or West African Craton and was part of a Gondwana shelf. The final stage of evolution of the studied successions was related to the Variscan thermal overprint. Based on presented data, we support the idea that the suture separating the Brunovistulian domain from the rest of the Gondwana-derived terranes is not related to the closure of the Rheic Ocean and represents a local feature.
Ideography, Blissymbolics, standardization, and emergent conformity
Authors: Howard Harry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is an extensive literature on the usage of Blissymbolics in augmentative and alternative communication that contradicts Morin's contention that it fails as an ideography. Morin's notion of “standardization” (target article, sect. X, para. X) is at odds with the highly developed understanding of this notion in linguistics. What Morin seems to have in mind corresponds to the notion of emergence in iterative and multiagent models of language learning.
The centrality of practice in ideographic communication, and the perennial puzzle of positivistic thinking
Authors: Mazur Lucas B. , Plontke Sandra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To the extent that we expect ideographs to be closer to the reality they depict than spoken or written words we are succumbing to the perennial allure of positivistic thinking. Morin powerfully argues that human communication, including ideography, cannot be understood apart from practice, thus removing the positivistic assumption that made the “puzzle of ideography” puzzling in the first place.
How standardized must a code be to be useful?
Authors: Riggsby Andrew M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
If, as it appears, failure of standardization blocks the rise of general-purpose ideography, then a more precise characterization of “standardization” should help illuminate aspects of the process. Comparison is made with several histories of standardization to outline relevant dimensions and thresholds. This line of inquiry is particularly important for the forward-looking question of whether such ideography can ever arise.
A source- and channel-coding approach to the analysis and design of languages and ideographies
Authors: Moldoveanu Mihnea 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Can we explain the advantage natural languages enjoy over ideographies in a way that enables us to attempt the design of an ideography that “works”? I deploy an adapted version of Shannon's source- and channel-coding partitioning of a communication system to explain the communicative dynamics and shortfalls of ideographies, and reveal ways in which entrenchable, generalist ideographies could be designed.
On the semiotic and material constraints of ideographies
Authors: Wisher Izzy , Tylén Kristian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite obvious advantages, no generalised ideographic codes have evolved through cultural evolution to rely on iconicity. Morin suggests that this is because of missing means of standardisation, which glottographic codes get from natural languages. Although we agree, we also point to the important role of the available media, which might support some forms of reference more effectively than others.
How bidialectalism affects non-native speech acquisition: Evidence from Shanghai and Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Liu Xiaoluan , Escudero Paola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current study examines how bidialectalism influences non-native speech production. We compared monodialectal Mandarin Chinese with bidialectal Shanghai-Mandarin Chinese speakers in terms of their ability to produce easy and difficult American English vowels. The results showed a general advantage for the bidialectal group compared with the monodialectal group in the production of the vowel formants and duration of the easy English vowels [i] and [u]. However, for the English vowels [ɪ] and [ʊ] known to be difficult for Chinese learners of English, both groups experienced the same challenges in terms of accurately producing the formants of the target vowels. Nevertheless, the bidialectal Shanghai-Mandarin speakers were still better than the monodialectal Mandarin speakers in the durational aspect of the two difficult English vowels. The results are explained by the Second Language Linguistic Perception (L2LP) model and suggest that the bidialectal advantage in non-native speech acquisition is subject to the modulation of cross-linguistic difficulty of the target speech sounds.
The role of uncertainty in planning for self-funded social care for older people with a diagnosis of dementia
Authors: Baxter Kate , Gridley Kate , Birks Yvonne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper considers how a diagnosis of dementia affects people's planning for future social care needs and associated costs. It addresses the gap in knowledge about how people recently diagnosed with dementia, and their family carers, engage with planning for social care needs that are uncertain in timing and scale. The paper also considers people's attitudes to planning for care that they may need to pay for privately, and what facilitates or hinders acting on such plans. We conducted and undertook thematic qualitative analysis of 39 in-depth interviews with 27 people newly diagnosed with dementia and/or their carers over a two-year period. Topics included current care and support, planning and co-ordinating care, paying for care, and expectations and planning for the future. The research took place in England. Our findings indicate that whilst people recognised they would have future care needs, with associated financial implications, this knowledge did not necessarily translate into actively planning for care or its cost. A key reason that recognition did not translate into action was uncertainty, manifested in three areas: the timescales and trajectory of their dementia and thus need for care; the potential for care needs to change and so negate care planning efforts; and uncertainty over their own capabilities to plan for and access paid-for care, given the perceived complexity of social care and associated financial arrangements. The paper discusses how anticipated regret may affect decision-making and contributes to debates about appropriate professional support for older self-funders with dementia. It suggests the task for those involved in the care of people with dementia is to identify the points and places in the care system where worries about future self-funded care can be addressed, and carers and the people they care for can be prompted and supported to act.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 viral load with abnormal laboratory characteristics and clinical outcomes in hospitalised COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zheng Lilan , Qiu Liping , Wu Luxi , Wang Jianwei , Xie Haihua , Wang Junjun , Huang Yi , Chen Fawen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective, analytical cross-sectional and single-centre study that included 190 hospitalised COVID-19 patients in the Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch between December 2022 and January 2023 to analyse the correlation of viral loads of throat swabs with clinical progression and outcomes. To normalise the Ct value as quantification of viral loads, we used RNase P gene as internal control gene and subtracted the Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 N gene from the Ct value of RNase P gene, termed △Ct. Most patients were discharged (84.2%), and only 10 (5.6%) individuals who had a lower △Ct value died. The initial △Ct value of participants was also significantly correlated with some abnormal laboratory characteristics, and the duration time of SARS-CoV-2 was longer in patients with severe symptoms and a lower △Ct value at admission. Our study suggested that the △Ct value may be used as a predictor of disease progression and outcomes in hospitalised COVID-19 patients.
Efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruits, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents
Authors: Ahmed Kazi R , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy , Khan Asaduzzaman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruit, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents.Design:Cluster-randomised controlled trial.Setting:Eight secondary schools from Dhaka, Bangladesh, participated in this trial and were randomly allocated to intervention (n 160) and control groups (n 160).Participants:A total of 320 students from 8th to 9th grades participated and completed the self-reported questionnaires at baseline, and at 8 and 12 weeks. The intervention included weekly classroom-based nutrition education sessions for students and healthy eating materials for students and parents. Repeated measures ANCOVA was used to assess the effects of the intervention.Results:Daily fresh fruit intake was more frequent in the intervention (26 %) compared to the control group (3 %) at 12 weeks (p = 0·006). Participants from the intervention group also reported a significantly (P < 0·001) higher (49 %) proportion of fresh vegetable intake compared to the control group (2 %) at 12 weeks. Frequency of daily carbonated soft drinks intake decreased (25 %) in the intervention group at 12 weeks compared to baseline, while it remained unchanged in the control group; the interaction effect was observed significant (P = 0·002).Conclusion:Our school-based education intervention increased the daily frequency of fresh vegetables and fruit intake and decreased carbonated soft drink consumption among adolescents in the intervention group. There is a need for scaling up the intervention to engage students and empower them to develop healthy dietary habits.
Chronic Degradation of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests Increases the Incidence of Genotoxicity in Birds
Authors: Cevallos‐Solorzano G. , Bailon‐Moscoso N. , Ordóñez‐Delgado L. , Jara P. , Tomás G. , Espinosa C. I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultiple studies have shown that exposure to pollutants can increase genotoxic damage in different taxa. However, to our knowledge, the effects of environmental stress have been explored little. In certain stressful ecosystems, such as seasonally dry tropical forests, the combined effects of anthropogenic activities and ongoing global changes can cause an increase in environmental stresses, in turn, may trigger physiological and genetic effects on biodiversity. The present aims to assess changes in the prevalence of genotoxic damage in birds within three states of forest degradation in the Tumbesian Region of Western Ecuador. We used blood samples from 50 bird species to determine the frequency of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes. Our results revealed a significant impact of forest degradation on the occurrence probability of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities at the community level. Localities with higher levels of degradation exhibited higher levels of abnormalities. However, when analyzing the dominant species, we found contrasting responses. While Lepidocolaptes souleyetii showed a reduction in the proportion of nuclear abnormalities from the natural to shrub‐dominated localities Troglodytes aedon and Polioptila plumbea showed an increase for semi‐natural and shrub‐dominated respectively. We concluded that the degradation process of these tropical forests increases the stress of bird community generating genotoxic damage. Bird responses seem to be species‐specific, which could explain the differences in changes in bird composition reported in other studies.
Immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles and its impact on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics
Authors: Lee Yeji , Jeong Michaela , Park Jeongeun , Jung Hyein , Lee Hyukjin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have utilized a lipid nanoparticle delivery system to enhance the effectiveness of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. However, these nanoparticles are recognized as foreign materials by the body and stimulate innate immunity, which in turn impacts adaptive immunity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the specific type of innate immune response triggered by lipid nanoparticles. This article provides an overview of the immunological response in the body, explores how lipid nanoparticles activate the innate immune system, and examines the adverse effects and immunogenicity-related development pathways associated with these nanoparticles. Finally, we highlight and explore strategies for regulating the immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles.
A stepwise activation model for the insulin receptor
Authors: Yunn Na-Oh , Kim Junhong , Ryu Sung Ho , Cho Yunje 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR) triggers a cascade of receptor conformational changes and autophosphorylation, leading to the activation of metabolic and mitogenic pathways. Recent advances in the structural and functional analyses of IR have revealed the conformations of the extracellular domains of the IR in inactive and fully activated states. However, the early activation mechanisms of this receptor remain poorly understood. The structures of partially activated IR in complex with aptamers provide clues for understanding the initial activation mechanism. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional features of IR complexed with various ligands and propose a model to explain the sequential activation mechanism. Moreover, we discuss the structures of IR complexed with biased agonists that selectively activate metabolic pathways and provide insights into the design of selective agonists and their clinical implications.
Mitochondrial DNA damage triggers spread of Parkinson’s disease-like pathology
Authors: Tresse Emilie , Marturia-Navarro Joana , Sew Wei Qi Guinevere , Cisquella-Serra Marina , Jaberi Elham , Riera-Ponsati Lluis , Fauerby Natasha , Hu Erling , Kretz Oliver , Aznar Susana , Issazadeh-Navikas Shohreh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the field of neurodegenerative diseases, especially sporadic Parkinson’s disease (sPD) with dementia (sPDD), the question of how the disease starts and spreads in the brain remains central. While prion-like proteins have been designated as a culprit, recent studies suggest the involvement of additional factors. We found that oxidative stress, damaged DNA binding, cytosolic DNA sensing, and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)4/9 activation pathways are strongly associated with the sPDD transcriptome, which has dysregulated type I Interferon (IFN) signaling. In sPD patients, we confirmed deletions of mitochondrial (mt)DNA in the medial frontal gyrus, suggesting a potential role of damaged mtDNA in the disease pathophysiology. To explore its contribution to pathology, we used spontaneous models of sPDD caused by deletion of type I IFN signaling (Ifnb–/–/Ifnar–/– mice). We found that the lack of neuronal IFNβ/IFNAR leads to oxidization, mutation, and deletion in mtDNA, which is subsequently released outside the neurons. Injecting damaged mtDNA into mouse brain induced PDD-like behavioral symptoms, including neuropsychiatric, motor, and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, it caused neurodegeneration in brain regions distant from the injection site, suggesting that damaged mtDNA triggers spread of PDD characteristics in an “infectious-like” manner. We also discovered that the mechanism through which damaged mtDNA causes pathology in healthy neurons is independent of Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and IFNβ/IFNAR, but rather involves the dual activation of TLR9/4 pathways, resulting in increased oxidative stress and neuronal cell death, respectively. Our proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles containing damaged mtDNA identified the TLR4 activator, Ribosomal Protein S3 as a key protein involved in recognizing and extruding damaged mtDNA. These findings might shed light on new molecular pathways through which damaged mtDNA initiates and spreads PD-like disease, potentially opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions or disease monitoring.
Real-world treatment patterns and overall survival among men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) in the US Medicare population
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Davis Matthew , Epstein Andrew J. , Arondekar Bhakti , Ivanova Jasmina I. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Real-world treatment patterns and survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have not been characterized for the full fee-for-service Medicare population.

Methods
Men newly diagnosed with mCRPC were identified in Medicare fee-for-service claims during 1/1/2014–6/30/2019. Men had evidence of mCRPC and continuous insurance coverage ≥1 year before and ≥6 months after diagnosis unless patients died. Treatment patterns after diagnosis were described. Survival from mCRPC diagnosis and from start of first-line (1 L) therapy was modeled using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results
Among 14,780 men with mCRPC, mean age was 76 and median follow-up after mCRPC was 17.0 months. 22% received no life-prolonging therapy after mCRPC, 78% received ≥1 line of therapy (LOT), 42% underwent ≥2 LOTs, and 20% had ≥3 LOTs. Median time from start of 1 L to next LOT or end of follow-up was 13.7 months, 10.9 months from 2 L start, and 8.9 months from 3 L start. The most common 1 L to 2 L treatment sequences among men with ≥2 lines were NHT followed by a different NHT (33%), chemotherapy followed by NHT (14%), and NHT followed by chemotherapy (13%). For those initiating 1 L treatment with NHTs, only 28% received subsequent treatment with a different class of therapy. Median survival was 25.6 months after mCRPC and 23.4 months following treatment initiation.

Conclusions
More than 1 in 5 Medicare patients with mCRPC did not receive any life-prolonging therapy, and less than half received 2 L therapy. NHTs were the most common 1 L and 2 L therapies, with patients treated with NHT as 1 L followed by a different NHT for 2 L as the most common treatment sequence. Median survival from diagnosis for all patients was 25.6 months. These data highlight the dramatic undertreatment that occurs for mCRPC patients, particularly for therapies beyond NHTs as well as the common use of sequential NHTs in real-world data.
Waxholm Space atlas of the rat brain: a 3D atlas supporting data analysis and integration
Authors: Kleven Heidi , Bjerke Ingvild E. , Clascá Francisco , Groenewegen Henk J. , Bjaalie Jan G. , Leergaard Trygve B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVolumetric brain atlases are increasingly used to integrate and analyze diverse experimental neuroscience data acquired from animal models, but until recently a publicly available digital atlas with complete coverage of the rat brain has been missing. Here we present an update of the Waxholm Space rat brain atlas, a comprehensive open-access volumetric atlas resource. This brain atlas features annotations of 222 structures, of which 112 are new and 57 revised compared to previous versions. It provides a detailed map of the cerebral cortex, hippocampal region, striatopallidal areas, midbrain dopaminergic system, thalamic cell groups, the auditory system and main fiber tracts. We document the criteria underlying the annotations and demonstrate how the atlas with related tools and workflows can be used to support interpretation, integration, analysis and dissemination of experimental rat brain data.