bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Bone Loss: A Review of Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Future Directions
Authors: Creecy Amy , Awosanya Olatundun D. , Harris Alexander , Qiao Xian , Ozanne Marie , Toepp Angela J. , Kacena Melissa A. , McCune Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
SARS-CoV-2 drove the catastrophic global phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in a multitude of systemic health issues, including bone loss. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings related to bone loss and potential mechanisms.

Recent Findings
The early clinical evidence indicates an increase in vertebral fractures, hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiencies, and a loss in BMD among COVID-19 patients. Additionally, lower BMD is associated with more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Preclinical models have shown bone loss and increased osteoclastogenesis. The bone loss associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection could be the result of many factors that directly affect the bone such as higher inflammation, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, recruitment of Th17 cells, the hypoxic environment, and changes in RANKL/OPG signaling. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 infection can exert indirect effects on the skeleton, as mechanical unloading may occur with severe disease (e.g., bed rest) or with BMI loss and muscle wasting that has also been shown to occur with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Muscle wasting can also cause systemic issues that may influence the bone. Medications used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection also have a negative effect on the bone. Lastly, SARS-CoV-2 infection may also worsen conditions such as diabetes and negatively affect kidney function, all of which could contribute to bone loss and increased fracture risk.

Summary
SARS-CoV-2 can negatively affect the bone through multiple direct and indirect mechanisms. Future work will be needed to determine what patient populations are at risk of COVID-19-related increases in fracture risk, the mechanisms behind bone loss, and therapeutic options. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
Process parameters and their effect on metal transfer in gas metal arc welding: a driving force perspective
Authors: Sato Yuriko , Ogino Yosuke , Sano Tomokazu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn gas metal arc welding (GMAW), the optimization of process parameters and the control of metal transfer is pivotal for achieving superior welding outcomes. This study meticulously examines the roles of core process parameters in metal transfer: wire extension and arc geometry, which includes arc length and inter-cathode distance. Using a unique MIG-based non-transferred arc system with symmetrically arranged tungsten cathodes we have achieved distinct control over wire feed rate and arc geometry, independent of the arc current. We investigate the interplay of these parameters and their consequential influence on the driving forces governing metal transfer. While increasing the wire extension enhanced inertial forces, it did not lead to consistent transitions in the metal transfer modes. In contrast, adjusting arc length and inter-cathode distance effectively controlled the electromagnetic force acting on molten droplets, as quantified by the arc spread angle $$\theta$$
θ
. Notably, an increase in the arc spread angle resulted in the elongation of molten droplets. This study clarifies the fundamental relationships between driving forces and process parameters in GMAW. Additionally, it introduces a more advanced evaluation model for electromagnetic force and offers a comprehensive strategy for refining welding control techniques.
Microfluidic model of the alternative vasculature in neuroblastoma
Authors: Villasante Aranzazu , Lopez-Martinez Maria Jose , Quiñonero Gema , Garcia-Lizarribar Andrea , Peng Xiaofeng , Samitier Josep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is a highly vascularized pediatric tumor arising from undifferentiated neural crest cells early in life, exhibiting both traditional endothelial-cell-driven vasculature and an intriguing alternative vasculature. The alternative vasculature can arise from cancer cells undergoing transdifferentiation into tumor-derived endothelial cells (TEC), a trait associated with drug resistance and tumor relapse. The lack of effective treatments targeting NB vasculature primarily arises from the challenge of establishing predictive in vitro models that faithfully replicate the alternative vasculature phenomenon. In this study, we aim to recreate the intricate vascular system of NB in an in vitro context, encompassing both types of vascularization, by developing a novel neuroblastoma-on-a-chip model. We designed a collagen I/fibrin-based hydrogel closely mirroring NB’s physiological composition and tumor stiffness. This biomaterial created a supportive environment for the viability of NB and endothelial cells. Implementing a physiological shear stress value, aligned with the observed range in arteries and capillaries, within the microfluidic chip facilitated the successful development of vessel-like structures and triggered transdifferentiation of NB cells into TECs. The vascularized neuroblastoma-on-a-chip model introduced here presents a promising and complementary strategy to animal-based research with a significant capacity for delving into NB tumor biology and vascular targeting therapy.
An urban-scale spatiotemporal optimization of rooftop photovoltaic charging of electric vehicles
Authors: Ji Nanfan , Zhu Rui , Huang Ziyi , You Linlin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSolar photovoltaic (PV) farming is increasingly being used to power electric vehicles (EVs). Although many studies have developed dynamic EV charging prediction and scheduling models, few of them have coupled rooftop PV electricity generation with the spatiotemporal EV charging demands at an urban scale. Thus, this study develops a research framework containing three interconnected modules to investigate the feasibility of EV charging powered by rooftop PVs. The framework is constructed by the statistics of time serial EV charging demands at each station, the planning of rooftop PV installations associated with all charging stations, and the development of a dynamic dispatching algorithm to transmit surplus electricity from one station to another. The algorithm can maximize the overall balance between supply and demand, maximize the total PV electricity generation while minimising the total PV area, minimize the number of PV charging stations used as the suppliers for dynamic dispatch, and minimize the total electricity transmission distance between stations given the same power supply. The experiment utilizes a complete EV charging dataset containing 5574 charging piles with more than 9.7 million records in June and July in Guangzhou, China. The results show that rooftop PVs can supply more than 90% of the charging demand. The results encourage and inspire us to generalize and promote such a solution in other cities. Future work can refine the algorithm by adapting different PV sizes into various charging stations to further improve the electricity generation capability and the dynamic dispatching efficiency.
Gendering Public and Private International Law: Transversal Legal Histories of the State, Market, and the Family through Women's Private Property Rights
Authors: McKenna Miriam Bak , Arvidsson Matilda 
Published: January 2024

This essay takes up Karen Knop's challenge to reconstruct the oft-made distinction between private and public law by engaging private international law (PrIL) as a “lost side of international law.”1 To do so we interrogate the changing fortunes (literally) of women's private property rights in the long nineteenth century—a period characterized by the divestment and reinstatement of gendered rights in national law—focusing on the Nordics, Europe more broadly, and the Colonial world. Following Knop and other feminist legal scholars, and by engaging with questions of what Mariana Valverde calls “scale,”2 we bring women's property rights in conversation with international law. In doing so, we point to sites of engagement where the politico-economic structures of international law are lived, negotiated, reconfigured, and made real.3 We use scale to frame and inform our analysis bringing attention to how the “small” (micro) economics and politics of everyday life, women's labor, and gendered legal concerns, underpin and are an intrinsic part of the “large-scale” structures of international law. “All scales shifts,” Mariana Valverde notes, meaning that such “processes . . . br[ing] certain phenomena into focus that had previously been blurred or pushed to the background.”4 Recovering matters of women's history and everyday life, which, as Knop has argued are often “hiding in plain sight,” with a focus on women's property rights, brings to the fore the critical relationship between family/household, market, and the state, and the fundamental role international law has played in implementing a specific economic vision through the organization of gendered power relations.
Labour code, location, and migration
Authors: Nguyen Dung Kieu , Nguyen Diep Ngoc , Dao Son The , Phan Trang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe introduction of the 2012 Labour Code is considered ‘groundbreaking’ in industrial relations in Vietnam. However, knowledge about the effects of this law is still minimal. This study provides the first evidence of the impacts of the law on worker outcomes, disaggregated by location and migration status. The Vietnam Labour Force Survey is used as the primary dataset. Both difference-in-differences and fixed-effect models are applied in the investigation. The estimated results show a relationship between the introduction of the law and the labour supply of contracted workers in urban areas, especially long-term migrant workers. Furthermore, income for these long-term migrant contract workers was affected significantly by the introduction of the law. A link between the law and health insurance participation was also found among non-migrant contracted workers in urban areas. We also perform estimations using a short panel sample and find notable results. The study likewise reveals disadvantages of rural workers compared to urban workers in terms of earnings, and of short-term migrants compared to other workers, in terms of labour supply.
Fear Generalization and Mnemonic Injustice
Authors: Trakas Marina , Puddifoot Katherine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on how experiences of trauma can lead to generalized fear of people, objects and places that are similar or contextually or conceptually related to those that produced the initial fear, causing epistemic, affective and practical harms to those who are unduly feared and those who are intimates of the victim of trauma. We argue that cases of fear generalization that bring harm to other people constitute examples of injustice closely akin to testimonial injustice, specifically, mnemonic injustice. Mnemonic injustice is a label that has been introduced to capture how injustice can occur via the operation of human memory systems when stereotypes shape what is remembered. Here we argue that injustices can also occur via memory systems when trauma leads to a generalized fear. We also argue that this calls for a reformulation of the notion of mnemonic injustice.
Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in intertemporal choice
Authors: Burghoorn Floor , Heuvelmans Vivian R. , Scheres Anouk , Roelofs Karin , Figner Bernd 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We often forego a larger future reward in order to obtain a smaller reward immediately, known as impatient intertemporal choice. The current study investigated the role of Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) as a mechanism contributing to impatient intertemporal choice, following a theoretical framework proposing that cues associated with immediate gratification trigger a Pavlovian approach response, interfering with goal-directed (instrumental) inhibitory behavior. We developed a paradigm in which participants first learned to make instrumental go/no-go responses in order to win rewards and avoid punishments. Next, they learned the associations between Pavlovian cues and rewards varying in amount and delay. Finally, we tested whether these (task-irrelevant) cues exerted transfer effects by influencing instrumental actions while participants again completed the go/no-go task. Across two experiments, Pavlovian cues associated with larger (versus smaller) and immediate (versus delayed) rewards were evaluated more positively, reflecting the successful acquisition of Pavlovian cue–outcome associations. These findings replicated the previously reported classical transfer effect of reward amount on instrumental behavior, as large (versus smaller) cues increased instrumental approach. In contrast, we found no evidence for the hypothesized transfer effects for reward delay, contrary to the proposed role of PIT in impatient intertemporal choice. These results suggest that although both reward amount and delay were important in the evaluation of cues, only the amount associated with cues influenced instrumental choice. We provide concrete suggestions for future studies, addressing instrumental outcome identity, competition between cue–amount and cue–delay associations, and individual differences in response to Pavlovian cues.
Status between Law and Religion: Introduction
Authors: Lubin Timothy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe juridical status of persons nowadays tends to be discussed only in narrow contexts: civic status (citizen, alien, and various visa statuses), marital status, penal status, employment status, religious or ethnic status within colonial and postcolonial states, status of the fetus, corporate personal status, and so on. In the century and a half since Henry Maine’s 1861 treatise, Ancient Law, in which he discerned a general movement from status to contract in progressive societies, broad discussions of status as a general feature of law are few, so a renewed comprehensive approach to the issue remains a desideratum. This symposium, which has its origins in an interdisciplinary conference held in November 2019 at Washington and Lee University School of Law, is a step in that direction. The articles and essay gathered here illuminate the multifarious ways in which juridical status of persons overlaps with religious conceptions of persona and status. They provide grounds for seeing the religious component as distinctive because of the uniquely privileged authority attributed to divinely mandated status distinctions and the urgency of claims to religious rights. They also show how a juridical status can straddle law and religion, and how legal institutions handle such hybrid forms of status.
Narratives in numbers: Sociotechnical storytelling with self-tracking
Authors: Lyall Ben 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper explores self-tracking as a social practice with significant relationships to human memory. The history of data and memory is fraught with a concern that specifics of qualia are subjugated to datafication. Yet, historical perspectives linking paper diaries and digital tracking show that rich accounts can be preserved in media. Cognisant of both perspectives, this paper argues that rather than delegating reflection to algorithms, users engage critically. Using original research data, this paper demonstrates how users unite the sociotechnical affordances of devices, data visualisations, and personal narratives to communicate memory in mediated forms. In doing so, they bridge semantic and autobiographic memory, combining subjectivity and objectivity. A datafied narration of everyday life emerges, affirming unique and vital stories. Often directed toward future goals, the mnemonic value of self-tracking in the present is overlooked. Yet whether recalling unfortunate accidents, sporting success, work, holidays, or illness experiences, participants use data as a scaffold to build stories and affirm identity. This paper asserts that memory and storytelling is an essential anchor for practices of digital self-tracking.
4XMM J182531.5−144036: A new persistent Be/X-ray binary found within the XMM-Newton serendipitous survey
Authors: Mason A.B. , Norton A.J. , Clark J.S. , Farrell S.A. , Gosling A.J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We aim to investigate the nature of time-variable X-ray sources detected in the XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. The X-ray light curves of objects in the XMM-Newton serendipitous survey were searched for variability, and coincident serendipitous sources observed by Chandra were also investigated. Subsequent infrared spectroscopy of the counterparts to the X-ray objects that were identified using UKIDSS was carried out using ISAAC on the VLT. We found that the object 4XMM J182531.5–144036 detected in the XMM-Newton serendipitous survey in 2008 April was also detected by Chandra as CXOU J182531.4–144036 in 2004 July. Both observations reveal a hard X-ray source displaying a coherent X-ray pulsation at a period of 781 s. The source position is coincident with a

$K=14$

mag infrared object whose spectrum exhibits strong HeI and Br

$\gamma$

emission lines and an infrared excess above that of early B-type dwarf or giant stars. We conclude that 4XMM J182531.5–144036 is a Be/X-ray binary pulsar exhibiting persistent X-ray emission and is likely in a long period, low eccentricity orbit, similar to X Per.
Addressing climate change mitigation: Implications for the sustainable alternatives to plastics
Authors: Joo Sung Hee 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Accumulation of plastic waste is a global issue, and plastic particles are detected in different environments. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has been attributed to significant piling up of plastic waste and debris (including micro- and nano-sized plastic particles), yet the manufacturing of plastic products is still expected to grow. With the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use and disposal of plastics has resulted in increasing plastic pollution. There has been a lack of research into the effects of climate change on microplastics and, likewise, the effects of microplastics on climate change. This article aims to examine the pros and cons of sustainable alternatives to plastics in addressing the climate change issue. Special attention is devoted to the correlation between climate change and microplastic pollution. This perspective also serves to spawn ideas for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions caused by plastics by identifying the life cycle stages of plastic production.
Incomplete milking before drying off does not impair the udder health of cows infected with minor pathogens
Authors: Müller Ute , Hefter Lisett Marie , Wedeking Sophia Dorothea , Büscher Wolfgang , Barth Kerstin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen implementing the transition from regular milk production to the dry period, drying off is mostly conducted simply by abrupt cessation of milking. Efforts to reduce milk synthesis before cessation of milking aim to reduce stress in cows as well as to lower the risk of mastitis. A previous study demonstrated that incomplete milking during the last ten days of lactation gradually reduced the milk yield of healthy, high-yielding cows. However, a reduction period of ten days might be too long for cows with lower yields. Therefore, a follow-up study was conducted on an organic dairy research farm with a lower average milk yield. We investigated whether automated incomplete milking can reduce milk synthesis within one week without impairing the health status of udder quarters infected with minor pathogens. Before drying off, 15 German-Holstein cows with 58 lactating quarters, 21 of which were infected with minor pathogens (coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Corynebacterium bovis), were milked twice daily using the software module AutoDry (GEA Farm Technologies) with the 5%-step-down-per-day-program. The level of udder emptying was gradually reduced over 8–10 milkings beginning at a mean milk yield of 17.2 ± 4.4 kg d−1. During the last three milkings before drying off, milking clusters were automatically removed when a milk flow rate of 0.3 kg min−1 was reached. Quarter fore-milk samples were collected at two time points (14 d before and at the date of the last milking, ie drying off) and were analysed for mastitis pathogens and somatic cell count. The gradual reduced emptying of the udder induced a clear decline in milk yield by 0.8 ± 0.3 kg d−1. Within the reduction period, the somatic cell count of quarter foremilk did not change regardless of the infection status. Furthermore, no cow suffered from clinical mastitis. Thus, a reduction in milk synthesis could be achieved within less than one week before drying off without any impairment in udder health of cows, even when infected with minor mastitis pathogens.
Difficult oesophageal foreign body removal: a novel surgical approach to a complex situation
Authors: Dranova Sabina , Siddiqui Zohaib , Tobbal Muhammad , Pitkin Lisa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIngested foreign bodies pose a unique challenge in medical practice, especially when lodged in the oesophagus. While endoscopic retrieval is the standard treatment, certain cases require more innovative approaches.MethodsThis paper reports the case of a patient who intentionally ingested a butter knife that lodged in the thoracic oesophagus. After multiple endoscopic attempts, a lateral neck oesophagotomy, aided using a Hopkins rod camera and an improvised trochar as a protective port, was performed.ResultsThe foreign body was successfully extracted without causing oesophageal perforation. The patient was made nil by mouth, with nasogastric feeding only until a swallow assessment after one week. The patient was discharged and recovered well.ConclusionThis case illustrates a successful, innovative approach to removing a foreign body in a high-risk patient, highlighting the significance of adaptability in surgical practice. It emphasises the need for individualised approaches based on the patient's history, the nature and location of the foreign body, and associated risks.
Managing recurrent nosebleeds in children: a retrospective review of 718 children attending a nurse-led epistaxis clinic
Authors: Drake Ivy , Fountain Hazel , Kubba Haytham 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis review assessed the effectiveness of the nurse-led children's epistaxis clinic in streamlining patient care and avoiding unnecessary general anaesthesia.MethodsA retrospective case note review was conducted of children attending the nurse-led epistaxis clinic between 2019 and 2021.ResultsA total of 718 children were seen over three years. Twelve (1.7 per cent) had a known coagulopathy. Of the children, 590 (82 per cent) had visible vessels and 29 (4 per cent) had mucosal crusting. Silver nitrate cautery was attempted under topical anaesthesia in 481 children, with 463 (96 per cent) successful cauterisations. Fifteen (3 per cent) were cauterised under general anaesthesia. Of the children, 706 (99 per cent) were prescribed nasal antiseptic preparations; this was the sole treatment for 58 (8 per cent). Blood investigations were requested for eight children (1 per cent) and haematology referral for three (0.4 per cent).ConclusionThis is the largest published series of children's nosebleeds. Given the short-lived benefit from cautery, it is suggested that general anaesthesia should not be offered routinely. However, improved haematology referral criteria are required to increase underlying diagnosis.