bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity from holomorphic discs and celestial $$Lw_{1+\infty }$$ symmetries
Authors: Mason Lionel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe study of physical theories in various signatures has been important for uncovering structures not easily visible or definable in Lorentz signature. In split signature, global twistor constructions for conformally self-dual (SD) gravity and Yang–Mills construct solutions from twistor data that can be expressed in terms of free data without gauge freedom. This is developed for asymptotically flat SD gravity to give a fully nonlinear encoding of the asymptotic gravitational data in terms of a real homogeneous generating function h on the real twistor space. The recently discovered $$Lw_{1+\infty }$$

L

w

1
+
∞

celestial symmetries, when real, act locally as passive Poisson diffeomorphisms on the real twistor space. The twistor data, h, generates an imaginary such Poisson transformation that then generates the gravitational field by shifting the real slice of the twistor space. The twistor chiral sigma models, whose correlators yield the Einstein gravity tree-level S-matrix, are reformulated as theories of holomorphic discs in twistor space whose boundaries lie on the deformed real slice determined by h. The real $$Lw_{1+\infty }$$

L

w

1
+
∞

symmetries act on the corresponding formula for the S-matrix geometrically with vanishing Noether currents, but imaginary generators yield graviton vertex operators that generate gravitons in the perturbative expansion. A generating function for the all plus 1-loop amplitude, the analogous framework for Yang–Mills, possible interpretations in Lorentz signature and similar open string formulations of twistor and ambitwistor strings in 4d in split signature, are briefly discussed.
Spatial Analysis to Investigate the Relationship Between Tourism and Wellbeing in Italy
Authors: Firza Najada , Antonucci Laura , Crocetta Corrado , d’Ovidio Francesco Domenico , Monaco Alfonso 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe level and variety of services offered by tourist destinations are intricately linked to the overall health and condition of its area. We would like to investigate the existence of a possible connection between tourism and the social, economic, and environmental well-being of a territory. The tourism industry can improve the general well-being of a specific area by promoting consumption, reducing the income gap, and improving infrastructures. However, the well-being of the territory through enhancing the specific features of the local context and its factors of excellence can also influence tourism.In this context, we applied Machine Learning methods to investigate the relationship between tourism and well-being in Italy. The analysis used Italian BES indicators at the provincial level, referred to a time window of 17 years (2004–2020). We developed a Machine Learning algorithm based on a hybrid (unsupervised and supervised) approach to study 51 well-being indexes and 9 tourism indicators. We found a close connection (80% of accuracy) between tourism and well-being. We also selected a group of tourism indicators that have a strong effect on this connection. Using eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, we detected that tourism in low season periods ranks first for importance followed by the spread of farms business and urban green areas density. Our research suggests that improved social, economic, environmental, and health well-being can positively spill over the effect on tourism arrivals and revenues in the long period.
Scaling and Evolution of Stellar Magnetic Activity
Authors: Işık Emre , van Saders Jennifer L. , Reiners Ansgar , Metcalfe Travis S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetic activity is a ubiquitous feature of stars with convective outer layers, with implications from stellar evolution to planetary atmospheres. Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the observed stellar activity signals from days to billions of years is important in deepening our understanding of the spatial configurations and temporal patterns of stellar dynamos, including that of the Sun. In this paper, we focus on three problems and their possible solutions. We start with direct field measurements and show how they probe the dependence of magnetic flux and its density on stellar properties and activity indicators. Next, we review the current state-of-the-art in physics-based models of photospheric activity patterns and their variation from rotational to activity-cycle timescales. We then outline the current state of understanding in the long-term evolution of stellar dynamos, first by using chromospheric and coronal activity diagnostics, then with model-based implications on magnetic braking, which is the key mechanism by which stars spin down and become inactive as they age. We conclude by discussing possible directions to improve the modeling and analysis of stellar magnetic fields.
Visualization of pressure fluctuation characteristics of weapon bay on unmanned aerial vehicle using delayed detached eddy simulation
Authors: Liu Yu , Chen Binqi , Shi Yong , Rong A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the present study CFD simulation with delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) are performed to investigate pressure fluctuation environment on an open cavity and weapon bay of UAV. The main purpose of this study is to explore the aerodynamic noise level of complex cavities with slant ceiling and irregular length–depth ratio. First, two cases on an open cavity at Ma 0.85 are analyzed to determine the slant ceiling influence, which shows that the sound pressure levels increase by 1 dB due to the transverse flow effect. Then, a typical weapon bay on unmanned aerial vehicle is simulated to investigate the aerodynamic noise environment. The overall sound pressure level in the weapon bay is up to 157 dB, and when the Mach number turns from 0.6 to 0.8, the amplitude of all modes increases about 16–23 dB. The main focuses of this investigation are to discuss the mechanism of noise generation in a slant ceiling cavity and determine the pressure fluctuation characteristic of a typical weapon bay on unmanned aerial vehicle.
Graphical abstract
Innovating the Innovation System Thinking: a Systemism Model
Authors: Skjølsvik Kjell Olav , Kaloudis Aristidis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe complexity of an innovation system, how it works and how to achieve high performance, represents a significant management challenge. As in any complex system, in an innovation system it is mandatory to operate with a clear idea of the various key elements and relationships in the system, what constitutes the emerging properties of the system and to identify effective channels to influence the performance of such a system. Bearing this in mind, we adopt a systemism approach, applying the principles of Mario Bunge’s CESM metamodel. We suggest a new generic model that can be adapted to fit many different aspects of real-life innovation decision making. An important objective for this generic model is to combine all critical internal and external systemic factors, i.e., to depict all critical nodes and interaction processes between subsystems (internal factors) and all critical nodes and interactions processes with the broader innovation ecosystem (external factors). Another key objective was to establish a model suitable for communication and decision making that is compatible with the key terms and the definitions in the new ISO 56000 standard on innovation management. The paper defines the main elements of a generic innovation model and exemplifies the potential usefulness of the model by showcasing three distinct applications. We hope that our new systemism model could be an additional tool for better strategic management with respect to emerging properties of knowledge dynamics, risk assessment and mitigation, and the monitoring and continuous improvement of critical innovation processes.
Severe Acute Malnutrition: The Potential of Non-Peanut, Non-Milk Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods
Authors: Akinmoladun Oluwaseun F. , Bamidele Oluwaseun P. , Jideani Victoria A. , Nesamvuni Cebisa N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review provides information on the prospect and effectiveness of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) produced locally without the addition of milk and peanut.

Recent Findings
The foods used in fighting malnutrition in the past decades contributed little to the success of the alleviation program due to their non-effectiveness. Hence, RUTFs are introduced to fight malnutrition. The peanut allergies, the high cost of milk, and the high production cost of peanut RUTF have made its distribution, treatment spread, and accessibility very slow, especially in areas where it is highly needed. There is a need, therefore, for a low-cost RUTF that is acceptable and effective in treating severe acute malnutrition among under-5 children.

Summary
This review shows both the success and failure of reported studies on the use of non-peanut and non-milk RUTF, including their cost of production as compared to the standard milk and peanut-based RUTF. It was hypothesised that replacing the milk ingredient component with legumes like soybeans can reduce the cost of production of RUTFs while also delivering an effective product in managing and treating severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Consumers generally accept them better because of their familiarity with the raw materials.
Photocatalytic mediated destruction of 2-chlorobiphenyl by a ZnO-[10%]BiOI p-n heterojunction: effect of some process parameters
Authors: Ashiegbu D. C. , Potgieter H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study involved the synthesis, characterization, and application of various photocatalysts and heterojunctions using zinc oxide (ZnO), tungsten trioxide (WO3), and bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) for the photo-abatement of 2-chlorobiphenyl (2CBP). Scanning electron microscopy revealed a variety of morphologies for all composites, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy only identified reference elements and X-ray diffraction patterns displayed crystalline patterns with no impurity peaks. The absorbance of the heterostructures exhibited slight red shifts as WO3 and BiOI were etched into ZnO. Except for ZnO-[10%]WO3, the band gaps of all composites decreased/narrowed as the doping of WO3 and BiOI into ZnO increased. Nitrogen sorption isotherms revealed that almost all the prepared materials had a Type IV isotherm, and the heterostructures showed higher surface area measurements compared to the undoped composites. The ZnO-[10%]BiOI heterojunction, which displayed the best photoactivity, was further investigated to analyze the influence of some operating conditions. Results revealed that the initial pollutant concentration influenced the degree of photodegradation, which decreased with increased initial 2CBP concentration. The optimum photocatalytic performance was detected at neutral pH. The pseudo-first order kinetic model showed that doubling the heterojunction’s weight increased the rate constant from 0.0054 to 0.0089 min−1, while increasing the pH to 11.3 resulted in an 18-fold reduction. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential application of ZnO-[10%]BiOI heterostructure as a highly effective photocatalyst for recalcitrant contaminants in water.
Global existence and non-uniqueness for the Cauchy problem associated to 3D Navier–Stokes equations perturbed by transport noise
Authors: Pappalettera Umberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe show global existence and non-uniqueness of probabilistically strong, analytically weak solutions of the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations perturbed by Stratonovich transport noise. We can prescribe either: (i) any divergence-free, square integrable intial condition; or (ii) the kinetic energy of solutions up to a stopping time, which can be chosen arbitrarily large with high probability. Solutions enjoy some Sobolev regularity in space but are not Leray–Hopf.
Implementation Research in Refugee Resettlement: A Rapid Scoping Review
Authors: Potocky Miriam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe world today has the highest number of refugees in history. Resettlement is a durable solution for some. Due to the stressors and traumas of forced migration, resettled refugees experience disproportionate rates of physical and mental health difficulties. Dissemination of knowledge about evidence-based interventions for this population has advanced greatly; however, knowledge about implementation is scant. This rapid scoping review was conducted to identify the characteristics of implementation research in refugee resettlement and commonly reported implementation barriers. Four major databases were searched for relevant studies conducted from 2018 to 2023. Data were extracted on implementation characteristics, outcomes, and barriers. Frequency analyses were conducted to summarize the data. Fifty-three studies were included. The most frequently implemented evidence-based interventions were physical health education/promotion, trauma-focused therapies, and parenting interventions. Acceptability and feasibility were the most frequently studied implementation outcomes, typically measured by client retention rates. The most common implementation strategies were adapting an intervention to the local refugee context, training stakeholders, and using iterative evaluation. Reported rates of desirable outcomes were high. Most studies used mixed methods, one-group pretest–posttest, or qualitative research designs. The most cited implementation barriers were lack of time, budget constraints, workflow disruption, and limited availability of interpreters. This study is the first to assess implementation research in refugee resettlement. This is a nascent field with potential for improving service quality and outcomes for this vulnerable population. Limitations and suggestions for application are discussed.
On the In Situ Observations of Irregularities During Rocket Flights From Thumba for Different Geophysical Conditions and the Associated Causative Mechanisms
Authors: Sruthi T. V. , Manju G. , Mridula N. , Pant Tarun K. , Sreelatha P. , John Rosmy , Thampi R. Satheesh , Aneesh A. N. , Abhishek J. K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectron density and Neutral Wind (ENWi) probe and/or Langmuir probe were flown on three different rocket flights from equatorial station Thumba (8.5°N, 77°E), during daytime, eclipse time, and post sunset time respectively, of low solar activity period, to study ionization irregularities in the E region of the ionosphere. The spectral characteristics observed using the payloads were analyzed during the three different rocket flights. The 15 January 2010 solar eclipse event and “SOUREX 1” wind and electron density measurements confirm the validity of the wind shear theory for equatorial regions during the eclipse and post sunset periods, when electrojet is weak, using wind and electron density irregularity measurements from the same instrument (ENWi) for the first time. The spectral indices in the range of −1.2 to −1.78 and the strong wind shear due to gravity wave winds during the eclipse time as well as the post sunset time, confirm the role of neutral turbulence in the generation of irregularities in the 95–112 km altitude region. The spectral index of −2.0 to −2.7 and the presence of irregularities in the negative gradient regions establishes the role of wind‐driven gradient drift instability (GDI) in generating irregularities during the SOUREX 1 post sunset flight for altitudes below 93 km. Further, the role of gradient drift instability in triggering ionization irregularities during the daytime on 14 January 2010 is unraveled by the spectral index of −2.03 and the presence of irregularities in the positive gradient regions alone.
A 3D Petrofabric Examination of Martian Breccia NWA 11220 via X‐Ray Computed Microtomography: Evidence for an Impact Lithology
Authors: Goodwin A. , Tartèse R. , Garwood R. J. , Almeida N. V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Martian regolith breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 11220 and paired stones represent the only known meteorites that sample a clastic sub‐surface lithology from Mars. By applying X‐ray computed microtomography to monomineralic clasts, we identify three phases that can be automatically segmented by thresholding X‐ray attenuation greyscale values: (A) feldspars, (B) pyroxene and apatite, and (C) iron‐rich oxides and sulfides, confirmed via scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. For these three phases, we demonstrate scale invariance in size and shape for sand‐sized clasts and smaller, a characteristic commonly observed for clast populations generated by fragmentation without further sorting from sedimentary transport (e.g., Aeolian or fluvial processes). Additionally, by assessing the preferred orientation of fitted ellipses and ellipsoids to manually segmented proto‐breccia clasts in two and three dimensions, we identified a weak planar fabric that likely resulted from compaction rather than impact transport. Combining clast size distribution with evidence for nested textures inside proto‐breccia clasts, we propose that NWA 11220 has experienced a minimum of two hypervelocity impact events and should be considered a lithified impact ejecta lithology with little to no reworking via surface regolith processes.
Patient, Family, Community, and Health Care System Predictors of Continuous Glucose Monitor Use
Authors: Enlow Paul T. , Thomas Courtney , Milkes Amy , Carakushansky Mauri , Doyle Daniel , Wysocki Tim , Alderfer Melissa A. 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems can improve psychosocial and health outcomes among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, inconsistent use of CGM is common in youth and negates the clinical benefits of these devices. The current study sought to identify individual-, family-, community- and health care system-level predictors of greater CGM use in adolescents with T1D. Method: Adolescents with T1D ( n = 66), ages 12–18 years, participated in a 3-month, prospective, observational study. Participants completed self-report questionnaires at baseline measuring individual (self-efficacy to manage T1D), family (collaborative parent involvement), community (diabetes-specific social support from friends), and health care system (insurance) predictor variables. Data on CGM use (i.e., number of days adolescents wore their CGM ≥ 12 hr) were collected monthly. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between predictor variables and CGM use over time. Results: Adolescents (53% male, 83% white) averaged 15.03 years old ( SD = 1.72 years), had an average glycated hemoglobin of 8.18% ( SD = 1.89%), and used their CGM an average of 18.89 days each month ( SD = 11.31). Self-efficacy to manage T1D was positively associated with CGM use (rate ratio = 1.21, p = .03). Collaborative parent involvement, diabetes-specific social support from friends, and type of insurance were not associated with CGM use. Conclusions: Greater self-efficacy predicted more CGM use. Interventions that bolster diabetes self-efficacy may help promote consistent CGM use. Future research should continue to examine predictors of CGM use from family, community, and health care system domains. Implications for Impact Statement Results from this study suggest that improving adolescents’ self-efficacy in their ability to manage their diabetes can help them use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) more consistently. Interventions that bolster self-efficacy, including diabetes self-management education and coping skills training, may help adolescents who are struggling to use CGM more consistently. More research is needed to understand how family, community, and health care system variables affect CGM use.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy for primary angle-closure suspect in Japan
Authors: Fujita Asahi , Konishi Takaaki , Sakata Rei , Hashimoto Yohei , Yasunaga Hideo , Aihara Makoto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) with that of observation for primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) in Japan.

Subjects/Methods
A Markov model was developed to compare the costs and utilities of prophylactic LPI with those of observation of 40-year-old patients with PACS. In the model with a yearly cycle over a 20-year time horizon, the disease was postulated to irreversibly progress from PACS to primary angle closure, followed by primary angle-closure glaucoma, unilateral blindness, and bilateral blindness. The parameters were estimated mainly based on a recent randomised controlled trial and analyses of Japanese claims data. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated from the healthcare payer’s perspective and evaluated at the willingness-to-pay 5 million Japanese Yen per quality-adjusted life-year. The observation period and the age at entry into the cohort was changed to account for a variety of clinical courses in sensitivity analyses. We conducted one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulations with 10 000 iterations.

Results
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of LPI was 2,287,662 Japanese Yen (14,298 pounds sterling) per quality-adjusted life-year, which was below the willingness-to-pay threshold. The ratios were approximately 4 and 8 million in the 15-year and 10-year time horizons, respectively. Increasing the age at entry had little influence on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that prophylactic LPI for middle-aged patients with PACS is cost-effective in Japan.
Genomic signals of local adaptation across climatically heterogenous habitats in an invasive tropical fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni)
Authors: Parvizi Elahe , Vaughan Amy L. , Dhami Manpreet K. , McGaughran Angela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLocal adaptation plays a key role in the successful establishment of pest populations in new environments by enabling them to tolerate novel biotic and abiotic conditions experienced outside their native range. However, the genomic underpinnings of such adaptive responses remain unclear, especially for agriculturally important pests. We investigated population genomic signatures in the tropical/subtropical Queensland fruit fly,Bactrocera tryoni, which has an expanded range encompassing temperate and arid zones in Australia, and tropical zones in the Pacific Islands. Using reduced representation sequencing data from 28 populations, we detected allele frequency shifts associated with the native/invasive status of populations and identified environmental factors that have likely driven population differentiation. We also determined that precipitation, temperature, and geographic variables explain allelic shifts across the distribution range ofB. tryoni. We found spatial heterogeneity in signatures of local adaptation across various climatic conditions in invaded areas. Specifically, disjunct invasive populations in the tropical Pacific Islands and arid zones of Australia were characterised by multiple significantly differentiated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), some of which were associated with genes with well-understood function in environmental stress (e.g., heat and desiccation) response. However, invasive populations in southeast Australian temperate zones showed higher gene flow with the native range and lacked a strong local adaptive signal. These results suggest that population connectivity with the native range has differentially affected local adaptive patterns in different invasive populations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the evolutionary underpinnings of invasion success of an important horticultural pest in climatically distinct environments.