bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Hydrolithiation of Guaiazulene: Isolation of Two Isomerically Pure Renewable Feedstock‐Based Cyclopentadienyl Synthons
Authors: Vollgraff Tobias , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present an in‐depth study of hydride transfer or proton abstraction at natural product guaiazulene to form guaiazulenide salts (8‐H‐GuaH)Li 1 a and (Gua’’)Na(OEt2) 2. Both carbanions were correctly proposed by Hafner et al. but could never be isolated in isomerically, spectroscopically and analytically pure form so far. Therefore, their use as cyclopentadienyl synthons in organometallic chemistry remained essentially unexplored. Here, we present their synthesis and full characterisation including 2D NMR spectroscopy and two XRD structural analyses. 1 a is isolated in isomerically and chemically pure form via a catalytic variant of olefin hydrolithiation, the addition of LiH to an activated hydrocarbon C=C double bond catalysed by LiAlH4. This atom economic synthesis of a pure organolithium compound from an olefin, LiH or lithium and dihydrogen, respectively, is without precedence. In a follow up report we will demonstrate that these valuable ligand salts can be used as cheap sterically demanding renewable feedstock‐based cyclopentadienyl synthons in the synthesis of homo‐ and heteroleptic late transition metal complexes and catalysts.
Hybrid simulation framework with mixed displacement and force control for fully compatible displacements
Authors: Sepulveda Claudio , Mosqueda Gilberto , Wang Kung‐Juin , Huang Po‐Chia , Huang Cheng‐Wei , Uang Chia‐Ming , Chou Chung‐Che 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel framework for hybrid simulation of the seismic response of structures is presented that employs a mixed displacement and force control strategy. A key feature of this framework is a controller‐based displacement‐to‐force transformation that enables compatible displacements between the numerical and experimental model for force‐controlled degrees of freedom. The framework can be applied within conventional displacement‐based time‐integration algorithms allowing for implementation across a variety of software and hardware architectures; it is demonstrated here using OpenSees software with detailed nonlinear numerical models. This study includes numerical verification of the proposed force control strategy and actual implementation in a hybrid simulation of special moment frames with full‐scale beam‐column subassemblies. In the hybrid tests, the experimental column axial load is applied in force control due to the large stiffness and when combined with lateral seismic loads, results in column local buckling with significant axial shortening. The hybrid simulation results verify that the proposed mixed displacement and force control strategy effectively enforces displacement compatibility and force equilibrium between the numerical and experimental structures at the boundary degrees of freedom.
Convolutional neural network for identifying effective seismic force at a DRM layer for rapid reconstruction of SH ground motions
Authors: Maharjan Shashwat , Guidio Bruno , Jeong Chanseok 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe introduce a novel data‐informed convolutional neural network (CNN) approach that utilizes sparse ground motion measurements to accurately identify effective seismic forces in a truncated two‐dimensional (2D) domain. Namely, this paper presents the first prototype of a CNN capable of inferring domain reduction method (DRM) forces, equivalent to incident waves, across all nodes in the DRM layer. It achieves this from sparse measurement data in a multidimensional setting, even in the presence of incoherent incident waves. The method is applied to shear (SH) waves propagating into a domain truncated by a wave‐absorbing boundary condition (WABC). By effectively training the CNN using input‐layer features (surface sensor measurements) and output‐layer features (effective forces at a DRM layer), we achieve significant reductions in processing time compared to PDE‐constrained optimization methods. The numerical experiments demonstrate the method's effectiveness and robustness in identifying effective forces, equivalent to incoherent incident waves, at a DRM layer.
Dietary acrylamide exposure and health risk assessment of pregnant women: A case study from Türkiye
Authors: Pekmezci Hilal , Basaran Burhan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the acrylamide exposure of pregnant women resulting from the consumption of bread, coffee, and French fries and to evaluate it in terms of carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic health risks. Retrospective 24‐h food consumption data of pregnant women (n = 487) was obtained using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary acrylamide exposure was calculated according to a deterministic model, and the data were assessed by hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The mean daily acrylamide exposure of pregnant women aged 18–30 and ≥31 years and in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters was 31.4, 35.4, 38.7, 31.3, and 32.4 μg/day, respectively. The acrylamide exposure data were not significantly different among different age groups and pregnancy periods (p > .05). Dietary acrylamide exposure in pregnant women of different age groups and trimesters may cause significant and serious health problems in terms of carcinogenic risk. According to their level of contribution to average acrylamide exposure, the foods were ranked as follows: French fries> bread> coffee. There is a significant risk of cancer due to exposure to acrylamide from French fries and bread other than coffee. The findings suggest that pregnant women should avoid consuming French fries, bread, and coffee with high acrylamide levels for both their own health and their newborns' health.
Preserving Cultural Diversity in Rural Africa Using Renewable Energy
Authors: Roduner Emil , Rohwer Egmont R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNinety percent of the large interior, rural part of Africa is not an abundant user of fossil fuels and is not connected to an electricity grid. This limits habitability and leads to significant migration to larger cities in attempts to improve economic and social welfare, which happens at the cost of its rich cultural diversity by inevitable adaption and mixing of societies. A direct transition from a firewood to an off‐grid renewable electricity age can mitigate this detrimental development. This perspective discusses the interdisciplinary requirements linking cultural, sociological, economic, and technical aspects for a transition to modern life without loss of valuable traditions. Photovoltaic power and wind energy can provide local affordable electricity in off‐grid locations. Intermediate storage for day–night cycles is catered for by novel types of batteries. Purifying and recycling water, refrigerating food and medicine, and benefitting from contact with the world via electronic media permit a tremendous increase in living conditions and significantly lower the pressure of migration into cities. Access to energy is a fundamental requirement for the preservation of the rich cultural diversity with family and tribal bindings, local languages, traditions, and religions, and allows for a more moderate transition to a modern society.
The SMART model of work design: A higher order structure to help see the wood from the trees
Authors: Parker Sharon K. , Knight Caroline 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe propose a new work design model, SMART work design, that identifies five higher order categories of work characteristics, including stimulating work characteristics (task variety, skill variety, information processing requirements, and problem‐solving requirements), mastery work characteristics (job feedback, feedback from others, and role clarity), autonomous work characteristics (decision‐making autonomy, timing autonomy, and method autonomy), relational work characteristics (social support, task significance, and beneficiary contact), and tolerable work characteristics (low levels of: role overload, work–home conflict, and role conflict). Higher order confirmatory factor analysis of working participants provided initial evidence of this structure (Study 1, N = 1107), which was replicated in an additional dataset (Study 2, time 1, N = 709). To provide further evidence, we examined Study 2 data across three waves (N = 573) to show that each higher order factor at time 1 predicted time 3 job satisfaction either directly or via the theorized time 2 mediators (challenge appraisals, work meaningfulness, fulfillment of relatedness needs, and activated negative affect). In Study 3 (N = 108), employees' scores on specific higher order variables correlated with leader ratings of performance in the expected ways. The SMART work design model provides a unique integrating and multidimensional theory of work design that extends beyond existing models. The model can be used to facilitate the synthesis of research knowledge and guide scholars and practitioners to diagnose and address contemporary work design challenges.
Performance of precipitation phase partitioning methods and their impact on snowpack evolution in a humid continental climate
Authors: Leroux Nicolas R. , Vionnet Vincent , Thériault Julie M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccurate estimations of the precipitation phase at the surface are critical for hydrological and snowpack modelling in cold regions. Precipitation phase partitioning methods (PPMs) vary in their ability to estimate the precipitation phase at around 0°C and can significantly impact simulations of snowpack accumulation and melt. The goal of this study is to evaluate PPMs of varying complexity using high‐quality observations of precipitation phase and to assess the impact on snowpack simulations. We used meteorological data collected in Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada, during the 2021 Saint John River Experiment on Cold Season Storms (SAJESS). These data were combined with manual observations of snow depth. Five PPMs commonly used in hydrological models were tested against observations from a laser‐optical disdrometer and a Micro Rain Radar. Most PPMs produced similar accuracy in estimating only rainfall and snowfall. Mixed precipitation was the most difficult phase to predict. The multi‐physics model Crocus was then used to simulate snowpack evolution and to diagnose model sensitivity to snowpack accumulation processes (PPM, snowfall density, and snowpack compaction). Sixteen snowpack accumulation periods, including nine warm accumulation events (average temperatures above −2°C) were observed during the study period. When considering all accumulation events, simulated changes in snow water equivalent (SWE) were more sensitive to the type of PPM used, whereas simulated changes in snow depth were more sensitive to uncertainties in snowfall density. Choice of PPM was the main source of model sensitivity for changes in SWE and snow depth when only considering warm events. Overall, this study highlights the impact of precipitation phase estimations on snowpack accumulation at the surface during near‐0°C conditions.
Effects of metronidazole on colorectal cancer occurrence and colorectal cancer liver metastases by regulating Fusobacterium nucleatum in mice
Authors: Wang Maijian , Li Yong , Yang Xuefeng , Liu Zhenxing , Wang Kai , Gong Dengmei , Li Jida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) represents a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Metronidazole (MNZ) is exceedingly implicated in CRC. This study explored the roles of MNZ in mouse CRC occurrence and liver metastasis (CRLM).MethodsMale BALB/c nude mice were subjected to CRC and CRLM modeling, orally administration with MNZ (1 g/L) 1 week before modeling, and disease activity index (DAI) evaluation. Fresh stool and anal swab samples were collected on the morning of the 28th day after modeling. The relative expression of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) DNA was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After euthanasia, tumor tissues and liver tissues were separated and the tumor volume and weight change were measured. The liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin–eosin to quantitatively analyze the metastatic liver nodules. Malignant tumor biomarker Ki67 protein levels in liver tissues/DNA from stool samples were detected by immunohistochemistry/high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the raw sequence data to analyze microbial community richness (Chao1 index, ACE index) and microbial community diversity (Shannon index).ResultsThe DAI and F. nucleatum DNA relative expression in feces and anal swabs of the CRC and CRLM groups were raised and repressed after MNZ intervention. MNZ repressed tumor occurrence and growth in mice to a certain extent, alleviated CRLM malignant degree (reduced liver metastases and Ki67‐positive cell density/number), and suppressed CRC liver metastasis by regulating intestinal flora structure, which affected the intestinal characteristic flora of CRC and CRLM mice.ConclusionMNZ suppressed CRC occurrence and CRLM in mice by regulating intestinal F. nucleatum.
Recurrent diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria: A review of the underlying factors and remedies
Authors: Abdulrasheed Nasir , Lawal Lukman , Mogaji Abdulazeez B. , Abdulkareem Ahmed O. , Shuaib Abdulrahman K. , Adeoti Sodiq G. , Amosu Opeyemi P. , Muhammad‐Olodo Abdulmujeeb O. , Lawal Abdulwahab O. , Jaji Tawakalitu A. , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe introduction of the diphtheria−tetanus−pertussis (DTP) vaccine into childhood immunization programs resulted in its widespread elimination in high‐income countries. However, Nigeria is currently experiencing an outbreak. The primary cause of diphtheria outbreaks and its high mortality rates in Nigeria was waning herd immunity due to low DTP coverage and a lack of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), respectively. However, the underlying causes of Nigeria's low DTP coverage and DAT supply remain unknown.MethodRelevant studies and reports included in our review were obtained by a search through Google Scholar, PubMed, and organization websites using the terms “Diphtheria−Pertussis−Tetanus vaccine OR Diphtheria antitoxin and Nigeria OR Diphtheria Outbreak.” All articles considering diphtheria outbreaks, DTP vaccine, and DAT supply in Nigeria were considered without time restriction due to the paucity of data. We used the narrative synthesis approach to critically appraise, analyze, and draw inferences from the selected articles.ResultsThe main causes of low DTP coverage are insufficient supply, an inefficient cold chain system, and low uptake due to poor health literacy and negative sociocultural and religious beliefs, whereas the key barriers to DAT availability are insufficient production by pharmaceutical industries because of low demand and priority.ConclusionThe underlying causes of Nigeria's low DTP coverage and DAT supply are multifactorial. Both short‐term and long‐term measures are needed to control this outbreak and prevent future occurrences.
Incidence, risk factors, and a prognostic nomogram for distant metastasis in endometrial cancer: A SEER‐based study
Authors: Zheng Yunfeng , Jiang Peng , Tu Yuan , Huang Yuzhen , Wang Jinyu , Gou Shikai , Tian Chenfan , Yuan Rui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the metastatic pattern, identify the risk factors, and establish a nomogram for predicting prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC) with distant metastasis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of women diagnosed with EC was conducted according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2010–2017. Multivariate logistic analysis and Cox analysis were performed to identify the risk factors in promoting distant metastasis and predictors associated with overall survival (OS) in this particular subpopulation. A nomogram was then constructed and validated by the concordance index (C‐index), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis.ResultsA total of 2799 cases of distant metastasis in EC patients were identified, with an overall incidence rate of 3.74% from 2010 to 2017. Black race, unmarried status, non‐endometrioid histologic types, and grade IV were significant risk factors for distant metastasis in EC patients. Meanwhile, race, histology, grade, metastasis status, surgery, lymphadenectomy, and chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS. A nomogram to predict 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS was established, and presented favorable accuracy and clinical applicability. Patients were further divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups according to the model.ConclusionThe nomogram was developed as a highly accurate, individualized tool to better predict the prognosis of EC patients with distant metastasis, which would help clinicians to identify high‐risk patients, and adjust and tailor their treatment strategies.
Advanced electrocatalysts with unusual active sites for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Sun Hainan , Xu Xiaomin , Kim Hyunseung , Shao Zongping , Jung WooChul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production. To design advanced electrocatalysts, it is crucial to identify their active sites and interpret the relationship between their structures and performance. Materials extensively studied as electrocatalysts include noble‐metal‐based (e.g., Ru, Ir, and Pt) and non‐noble‐metal‐based (e.g., 3d transition metals) compounds. Recently, advancements in characterization techniques and theoretical calculations have revealed novel and unusual active sites. The present review highlights the latest achievements in the discovery and identification of various unconventional active sites for electrochemical water splitting, with a focus on state‐of‐the‐art strategies for determining true active sites and establishing structure–activity relationships. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges and future perspectives for the development of next‐generation electrocatalysts with unusual active sites. By presenting a fresh perspective on the unconventional reaction sites involved in electrochemical water splitting, this review aims to provide valuable guidance for the future study of electrocatalysts in industrial applications.image
A novel Monash Pouch diet in patients with an ileoanal pouch is tolerable and has favorable metabolic luminal effects
Authors: Ardalan Zaid S , Yao Chu K , Green Kraig , Probert Chris , Gill Paul A , Rosella Sam , Muir Jane G , Sparrow Miles P , Gibson Peter R 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate a whole‐food diet strategy (the Monash Pouch diet [MPD]) designed based on the interacting roles dietary factors play with pouch health. Specifically, its tolerability and acceptability, whether it achieved its dietary and metabolic goals, and the effects on symptoms and inflammation were examined.MethodsIn a 6‐week open‐label trial, patients with ileoanal pouches educated on the MPD were assessed regarding diet tolerability and acceptance, food intake (7‐day food diaries), pouch‐related symptoms (clinical pouchitis disease activity index), and, in 24‐h fecal samples, calprotectin, fermentative biomarkers, and volatile organic compounds (VOC).ResultsOf 12 patients, 6 male, mean (SD) age 55 (5) and pouch age 13 (2) years, one withdrew with partial small bowel obstruction. Tolerability was excellent in 9 (75%) and acceptance was high (81%). Targeted changes in dietary intake were achieved. Fecal branched‐ to short‐chain fatty acid ratio increased by median 60 [IQR: 11–80]% (P = 0.02). Fecal VOCs for 3 compounds were also increased, 2‐methyl‐5‐propan‐2‐ylcyclohexa‐1,3‐diene (Fold‐change [FC] 2.08), 1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2‐oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (FC 3.86), propan‐2‐ol (FC 2.10). All six symptomatic patients achieved symptomatic remission (P = 0.03). Fecal calprotectin at baseline was 292 [176–527] μg/g and at week 5 was 205 [148–310] μg/g (P = 0.72).ConclusionWell tolerated and accepted, the MPD achieved targeted changes in intakes and fermentation of carbohydrates relative to that of protein. There were signals of improvement in symptoms. These results indicate the need for a randomized‐controlled trial. (Trial registration: ACTRN12621000374864; https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621000374864.aspx).
Long non‐coding RNA linc00659 promotes tumour progression by regulating FZD6/Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in colorectal cancer via m6A reader IGF2BP1
Authors: Xu Shufen , Liu Zichun , Luo Qian , Chang Lisha , Ding Jie , Xiao Yanan , Zhang Yangyang , Zhou Guoren , Wang Keming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification has become a driving factor in tumour development and progression. The linc00659 is abnormally highly expressed in digestive tract tumours and promotes cancer progression, but there is little research on the mechanism of linc00659 and m6A.MethodsThe expression of linc00659 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and cells was assessed by a quantitative real‐time PCR. The proliferative capacity of CRC cells was determined by colony formation, Cell Counting Kit‐8 and 5‐ethynyl‐2 deoxyuridine assays, and the migratory capacity of CRC was determined by wound healing and transwell assays and tube formation. In vivo, a xenograft tumour model was used to detect the effect of linc00659 on tumour growth. The Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway and related protein expression levels were measured by western blotting. The binding of linc00659 to insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) was assessed by RNA pull‐down and an immunoprecipitation assay. The effect of IGF2BP1 on FZD6 was detected by an RNA stability assay.ResultsThe expression of linc00659 was abnormally elevated in CRC tissues and cells compared to normal colonic tissues and cells. We confirm that linc00659 promotes the growth of CRC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, linc00659 binds to IGF2BP1 and specifically enhances its activity to stabilize the target gene FZD6. Therefore, linc00659 and IGF2BP1 activate the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, promoting cell proliferation in CRC.ConclusionsOur results show that linc00659 and IGF2BP1 cooperate to promote the stability of the target FZD6 mRNA, thereby facilitating CRC progression, which may represent a potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target for CRC.