bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of potassium diformate (Formi® LHS) in combination with different grains and energy densities in the feed on growth performance of weaned piglets
Authors: Paulicks B. R. , Roth F. X. , Kirchgessner M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTo examine the effects of Formi®LHS (Norsk Hydro a.s., Oslo, Norway)on growth and health performance of weaned piglets fed on diets at different energy levels, three experiments were conducted. Experiment I comprised 48 weaned crossbred (German Landrace × Pietrain) piglets (7 kg live weight) in single rearing battery cages in a metabolism barn, experiment. II with 72 weaned piglets (German Landrace, 9 kg live weight) in groups of three animals kept in flat‐deck boxes on an experimental farm and experiment III with 96 weaned crossbred (German Landrace × Pietrain) piglets (8 kg live weight) again in single cages. In experiments I and II the animals were equally allotted to four treatment groups receiving a complete feed (type starter feed) containing either 13 MJ ME/kg or 14 MJ ME/kg feed with or without supplementation of 1.8% Formi®LHS. In experiment III four diets based either on barley, wheat, corn, or a mixture of them were prepared and applied without or with 1.8% Formi®LHS resulting in eight treatments. Feed intake, weight gains, feed conversion (kg feed/kg weight gain), and occurrence of diarrhoea were recorded. In experiments I and II on the low‐energy level Formi®LHS improved final weights by 5 and 12%, respectively, daily weight gains by 8 and 18%, respectively, and feed conversion by 6% each, with the feed intake being higher by 1 and 8%, respectively. With 14 MJ ME/kg feed final weights were up to 10%, daily weight gains up to 14%, and feed conversion up to 11% higher than in the unsupplemented low‐energy group, but particularly in group feeding, these performance data were lower than those of the Formi®LHS‐supplemented low‐energy group. Formi®LHS did not improve performance with 14 MJ ME/kg feed. In experiment III there were no differences in weight gains, feed consumption or feed efficiency between the different grains. Formi®LHS increased daily weight gains and feed consumption in all types of diets up to 14 and 9%, respectively, but significantly only in combination with wheat. Feed efficiency was significantly improved by Formi®LHS supplementation in the barley, wheat, and barley–wheat–corn diet (6, 4 and 7%, respectively) but not in the corn diet. Occurrence of diarrhoea was reduced markedly by Formi®LHS in all of the three experiments.
Serum ascorbic acid concentrations in previously unsupplemented greyhounds after administration of a single dose of ascorbic acid intravenously or per os
Authors: Scott K. C. , Hill R. C. , Lewis D. D. , Gronwall R. , Sundstrom D. A. , Jones G. L. , Harper J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryPlasma vitamin C concentrations (mean + SD) were measured after a large (1 g) dose of vitamin C was administered orally or intravenously to each of four trained greyhounds in a randomized cross‐over design. Concentrations increased (p<0.05) for 2 h but returned to baseline by 6 h after supplementation. Peak concentrations were greater (p<0.01) after intravenous than oral administration (6.1±1.2 vs. 0.54±0.23 mg/dl). This suggests that vitamin C must be administered many times daily to maintain plasma concentrations above normal.
Auswirkungen von Diatomeenerde auf den Wasserhaushalt des Kornkäfers: Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Col., Curculionidae) und möglicher Einsatz innerhalb des Vorratsschutzes
Authors: Mewis I. , Ulrichs Ch. 
Published: March 2003

Effects of diatomoceous earth on water content of Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Col., Curculionidae) and its possible use in stored product protectionIncreased problems caused by application of chemical pesticides within pest protection has led to the demand for non‐polluting, biologically specific active countermeasures. This study aimed to test the possible use of diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus granarius. It will also examine the physiological effects of amorphous diatomaceous earth against this insect. After 2 weeks, 100% mortality was observed of the adults treated with 2 g Fossil Shield® per kilogram wheat, at 11–12% corn moisture content and relative humidity of about 62 ± 2%. The rise in grain moisture and relative humidity decreased the effectiveness of the Fossil Shield®. It was observed, that the diatomaceous earth reduced the number of adult granary weevils and increased the mortality rate at development stages, but they did not completely prevent the hatching of the next generation. After contact with diatomaceous earth, the individuals of S. granarius had lost weight and reduced their water content, respectively. The adults significantly lost weight and body water after 1 day exposure to Fossil Shield®. This showed that silica dusts break the water barrier of the cuticle. However, it increases the transpiration rate of water across the cuticle and several insects died through dehydration. At higher relative humidity diatomaceous earth was less effective toward S. granarius, because there was a lower permeability for water across the cuticle. This delays or rather prevents the drying action of diatomaceous earths. Furthermore, the addition of food affected the effectiveness of dusts against S. granarius. A lot of stored product beetles are able to produce metabolic water in the feed substrates. This ability protects them and works contrary to the loss of water.
Effet de L'acide Caféoylshikimique des Racines du Palmier Dattier sur L'activité et la Production des Enzymes Hydrolytiques de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis
Authors: Modafar C. El , Tantaoui A. , E l Boustani E. 
Published: March 2003

RésuméL'acide caféoylshikimique (ACS), composé phénolique soluble majeur des racines du palmier dattier, représente l'un des facteurs de résistance de l'hôte au Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. L'ACS est testéà différentes concentrations (0,25 à 3 µ mol/ml) sur l'activité et la production d'enzymes hydrolytiques de F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis dans le filtrat de culture. Les enzymes étudiées sont les protéases, les cellulases, les pectineméthyl‐estérases (PME), les polygalacturonases (PG) et les polygalacturonate trans‐éliminases (PGTE). Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'ACS affecte très peu l'activité des différentes enzymes alors qu'il réduit fortement leur production. La croissance mycélienne du champignon est également affectée par l'ACS, mais elle ne permet pas d'expliquer à elle seule la forte réduction de la production des hydrolases. Afin d'expliquer cet effet différentiel de l'ACS sur l'activité et la production d'enzymes lytiques parasitaires, nous avons testé d'une part, l'effet des produits d'hydrolyse de l'ACS (acide caféique, acide shikimique) et d'autre part, l'effet des produits d'oxydation de l'ACS (quinones) obtenus par oxydation via la tyrosinase. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'acide shikimique n'a pas d'effet significatif sur l'activité des hydrolases et ne présente qu'une faible inhibition de leur production. Quant à l'acide caféique, il présente un pouvoir inhibiteur plus important sur l'activité des différentes enzymes que celui de l'ACS et son effet inhibiteur se manifeste davantage sur leur production. L'oxydation de l'ACS par la tyrosinase se traduit par une forte inhibition de l'activité des différentes enzymes étudiées. Cette inhibition est sensiblement comparable à celle observée par l'ACS non oxydé sur la production des enzymes. De même, l'acide caféique oxydé manifeste un effet inhibiteur plus important sur l'activité des hydrolases que celui de l'acide caféique non oxydé. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère que l'ACS génère des produits d'hydrolyse (notamment l'acide caféique) et des produits d'oxydation (quinones) qui inhibent l'activité des enzymes protéolytiques, cellulolytiques et pectinolytiques produites par F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis dans le milieu de culture.
Expression of cgmpg2, an Endopolygalacturonase Gene of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae, in Culture and during Infection of Malva pusilla
Authors: LI J. , GOODWIN P. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA novel polygalacturonase gene was found in the plant pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp.  malvae, which causes anthracnose disease of round‐leaved mallow (Malva pusilla). Sequence comparisons showed that this gene, cgmpg2, is highly similar to clgpg2, which was previously described from C. lindemuthianum. In culture, expression of cgmpg2 was observed by reverse transcriptase (RT)‐polymeraase chain reaction (PCR) with mallow cell wall extract as a sole carbon source and a starting pH of 3.5, but not with this substrate at a starting pH of 7.5 or in media with pectin or glucose as sole carbon sources. The expression of cgmpg2 during infection of mallow leaves was compared with the constitutively expressed actin gene, actA, of C. gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae by co‐amplification in RT‐PCR. Expression of cgmpg2 was detected in both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of infection with the highest expression levels at the early part of the necrotrophic phase.
Efficacy of Ricinus communis Fruit Meal with and without Bacillus Species on Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita and Growth of Tomato
Authors: Mashela P. W. , Nthangeni M. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe efficacy of ground Ricinus communis fruit, with and without Bacillus species, was tested on suppression of Meloidogyne incognita, growth of tomato, soil electrical conductivity (EC) and soil pH. At harvest, 85 days after applying Ricinus organic amendment, Ricinus and initial population nematode density (Pi), accounted for 64–74% of the total treatment variation (TTV) in final population nematode density (Pf) and 53–89% of the TTV in dry shoot weight. Ricinus, Pi and electrical conductivity accounted for 49–69% of the TTV in fresh fruit weight, whereas Ricinus, Pi and Bacillus accounted for 65–82% of the TTV in plant height. Because Bacillus×Ricinus interaction was not significant (P > 0.05) for any variable measured, the efficacy of Ricinus fruit meal was independent of microbial activities.
Changes in Microfungal Communities in Roots of Quercus robur Stumps and their Possible Effect on Colonization by Armillaria
Authors: Kwaśna H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSixteen fungal communities were sampled by isolating from 0.5–1 cm diameter roots of living trees and stumps of common oak (Quercus robur). The density of fungi was 1.5–2 times greater in roots from stumps than from living trees. The diversity of fungi was similar in living tree roots and stumps. Some of the fungal species with increased densities in stump roots (e.g. Aspergillus kanagawaensis, Chrysosporium pannorum, Cylindrocarpon destructans, C. didymum, Hormiactis candida, Monodictys lepraria, Mycelium radicis atrovirens, Penicillium daleae, P. janczewskii, and Trichocladium opacum) usually stimulated the growth of rhizomorphs of either Armillaria ostoyae or A. gallica in oak‐wood segments in vitro. Eight of 27 isolates that were studied stimulated the rhizomorph growth in both Armillaria spp. It is presumed that the increase in density of `stimulants' may predispose oak stumps to infection by A. ostoyae and A. gallica.
Spatial and Temporal Spread of Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease in Cassava Grown Alone and when Intercropped with Maize and/or Cowpea
Authors: Fondong V. N. , Thresh J. M. , Zok S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe spread of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and populations of the whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci) were recorded in cassava when grown alone and when intercropped with maize and/or cowpea. The trials were planted under conditions of high inoculum pressure in 1995 and 1996 at a site in the lowland rainforest zone of southern Cameroon. In the 1995 experiment, the maize and cowpea intercrops reduced the final incidence of CMD in the cassava cvs. Dschang White and Dschang Violet, but not in the more resistant cv. Improved. In the 1996 experiment with cv. Dschang Violet, the maize and cowpea intercrops grown alone or together decreased adult whitefly populations on cassava by 50% and CMD incidence by 20%. The monomolecular population growth model generally provided the best fit for disease progress. Areas under the disease progress curves (AUDPCs) and incidences expressed as multiple infection units were significantly (P<0.05) less for cassava intercropped with maize and/or cowpea than in cassava alone; times to 50% CMD incidence were significantly (P<0.05) longer in all intercrop systems. In 1995 the basic infection rates (r) were similarly low (0.010 per month) in the moderately resistant cv. Dschang Violet intercropped with maize and in all treatments in the more resistant cv. Improved. By contrast, rates were significantly higherfor cv. Dschang Violet alone or with cowpea and in all treatments for the less resistant cv. Dschang White (0.030–0.060). In 1996, r values in cassava grown alone (0.077) were significantly larger (P<0.05) than in the other cropping systems (0.042–0.052). There were no significant differences in the symptom severity in the different cropping systems. Disease foci were isodametric and more compact in plots containing cowpea than in other cropping systems.
Ca2+ is Required by Clubroot Resistant Turnip Cells for Transient Increases in PAL Activity that Follow Inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae
Authors: Takahashi H. , Takita K. , Kishimoto T. , Mitsui T. , Hori H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) activity in clubroot disease‐resistant turnip calli was transiently increased by 20 h after the inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae spores. The magnitude of the increase in PAL activity was four to six times higher than constitutive PAL activity. There was no transient increase in PAL activity in susceptible calli. Preincubation of calli in Ca2+‐free medium or the removal of Ca2+ from cell surfaces by ethylene glycol bis(2‐aminoethyl ether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid‐chelation, completely inhibited induced PAL activity. The influx of exogenous Ca2+ into cells appears necessary for this pathogen induced PAL activity. Verapamil and the calmodulin inhibitor W7 almost completely inhibited induced PAL activity at 1 and 0.1 mm, respectively. Neomycin, ruthenium red and (1‐(6‐[(17β‐3‐Methoxyestra‐1,3,5‐(10)‐trien‐17‐yl)amino]hexyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione) did not inhibit induced PAL activity. Thus, verapamil and N‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐5‐chloro‐1‐naphthalenesulphonamide hydrochloride‐sensitive Ca2+‐mediated signalling process appear necessary for P. brassicae induced PAL activity. As the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) blocked the induced increasing PAL activity, de novo synthesis of PAL appears to be required for turnip cell defence reactions against P. brassicae.
Formulation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B190 for Control of Lily Grey Mould (Botrytis elliptica)
Authors: Chiou A. L. , Wu W. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCalcium hydroxide (0.1%) significantly increased the growth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B190, inhibited completely the germination of Botrytis elliptica, and decreased the disease severity caused by B. elliptica on lily. Spraying B. amyloliquefaciens B190 mixed with either 0.025% calcium hydroxide, 0.05% sodium carbonate or 0.025% ammonium nitrate decreased the grey mould disease on lily leaves. B. amyloliquefaciens B190 mixed with 0.025% calcium hydroxide and 0.05% sodium carbonate, or mixed with 0.025% calcium hydroxide and 0.025% ammonium nitrate controlled lily grey mould completely. When the concentration of tested adjuvants was below 0.1% (v/v), adhesive adjuvant, i.e. carboxymethyl cellulose and spreader, i.e. Tween 80 were equally effective to assist B. amyloliquefaciens B190 to control lily grey mould. Calcium hydroxide (0.025%) and 0.05% sodium carbonate mixed with 0.1% Tween 80 significantly controlled lily grey mould. B. amyloliquefaciens B190 mixed with 0.025% calcium hydroxide and 0.05% sodium carbonate, and these two chemicals plus or without 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.05% mineral oil (i.e. emulsion and wettable powder, respectively) was consistently able to control grey mould on lily as well as 100 p.p.m. flusilazole in greenhouse and field trials, respectively.
Catenarin Production by Isolates of Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Died.) Drechsler and its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Wakuliński W. , Kachlicki P. , Sobiczewski P. , Schollenberger M. , Zamorski Cz. , Łotocka B. , S̆arova J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA total of 88 Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Died.) Drechsler isolates from different hosts and localities were screened for catenarin production using thin layer chromatography. Catenarin was detected in 29% of the tested strains. The level of this compound ranged from 2 to 400 ppm and was especially high in case of fungus variants unable to biosynthesize melanins. The extracted pigment exhibited antibiotic properties against Gram‐positive bacteria (Aureobacterium liquefaciens, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus brevis, B. circulans, B. subtilis and Curtobacterium plantarum). Catenarin also inhibited the growth of fungi accompanying P. tritici‐repentis during the saprophytic phase of development. The most sensitive species was Epicoccum nigrum, whose growth was inhibited up to 90%.
Evaluation of a Transportable [Ca++] and pH Analyser and of the Impact of Different Anticoagulants and Sampling Sites in Cattle
Authors: Hansen S. S. , Jensen A. L. , Jørgensen R. J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA mobile, hand‐held ionized calcium and pH analyser, the IRMA® (Immediate Response Mobile Analyser) SL (Diametrics Medical Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA), was evaluated and results interpreted with help from data derived on biological variation in five dry cows. The maximum allowable analytical imprecision (CMAX) was estimated as 1.33 % for [Ca++] and 0.12 % for pH; the maximal allowable analytical inaccuracy (BMAX) was estimated to be 1.82 % ([Ca++]) and 0.09 % (pH), and the maximum allowable difference between two methods (MAXDIFF) was calculated as 0.89 % ([Ca++]) and 0.08 % (pH). These values were compared with the coefficient of variation obtained by calculation from analysis results in blood samples obtained from 51 cows, heifers and calves. The between‐cow coefficient of variation (CV), within‐cow CV, critical difference (two‐sided) and index of individuality were estimated as 4.77, 2.66 and 14.29 %, and 1.08 for Ca++]analysis. For pH measurements, values of 0.12, 0.24 and 0.96 % and 2.95 were estimated. The number of samples required to determine the true value of either [Ca++] or pH in an individual cow was 5 and 1, respectively. Further, it was observed that, in investigations of blood Ca++ and blood pH in cattle, neither the use of electrolyte‐balanced syringes interchangeable with sodium‐heparin vacutainer nor the use of different blood sampling sites was to be recommended. IRMA® SL did not correlate significantly with the chosen reference analyser (Stat Profile® 5 Analyser; Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA) with regard to plasma [Ca++] analyses (correlation coefficient r = −0.24, P = 0.22). However, a significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.63, P < 0.01) was found between analyses of pH performed on IRMA® SL and Stat Profile® 5 Analyser. Analysis on IRMA® SL was very easy to perform. It could be a very useful aid in veterinary clinical practice, when determination of plasma pH in cattle is needed. The analyser should not yet be applied uncritically with respect to [Ca++] analyses in cattle.
Body Condition Scores in Dairy Cows: Associations with Metabolic and Endocrine Changes in Healthy Dairy Cows
Authors: Busato A. , Faissler D. , Küpfer U. , Blum J. W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryRelationships between body condition scores (BCS), metabolic profiles and endocrine traits were investigated in 53 healthy Red Holstein cows. Cows were categorized into groups based on BCS ante‐partum (a.p.; >3.25 or ≤ 3.25) and on BCS losses during the first 8 weeks after calving (ΔBCS8 >0.75 or ≤ 0.75). Blood samples were collected 1 week before calving and every 2 weeks post‐partum (p.p.). Cows with BCS a.p. >3.25 and ΔBCS ≤ 0.75 were oldest and cows with BCS a.p. ≤ 3.25 and ΔBCS ≤ 0.75 were youngest. Cows with BCS >3.25 a.p. and that lost >0.75 BCS in the first 2 months of lactation exhibited signs of subclinical ketosis. If statistically adjusted for the effect of lactation number, average milk yield within the first 8 weeks p.p. and milk fat concentrations were similar between BCS groups, whereas milk protein concentrations differed significantly between BCS groups. Significant differences between groups were observed for blood plasma glucose, bilirubin, β‐hydroxybutyrate, non‐esterified fatty acids and insulin concentrations. No differences were seen for albumin, urea, insulin‐like growth factor‐I, and 3.5.3′‐triiodothyronine concentrations and for plasma activities of glutamate‐oxalacetate transaminase, γ‐glutamyltransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase. There was a good agreement between BCS and profiles of metabolites and hormones related to energy metabolism in clinically healthy cows. Cows in good body condition a.p. had greater risks of metabolic problems because of excessive mobilization of body reserves. However, the metabolic status was best in cows with a BCS >3.25 a.p., if they did not lose much body condition p.p.
Peripheral Neuroblastoma in a Newborn Piglet
Authors: DIESSLER M. E. , IDIART J. R. , MASSONE A. R. , MACHUCA M. A. , PERFUMO C. J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryPeripheral neuroblastoma (PNB) is a rare neoplasia derived from neuroepithelial cells. PNB typically presents as a greyish mass, composed of round cells with features of neuronal differentiation. Necropsy, performed on a 1‐day‐old piglet, revealed a mass craniodorsally located in the abdominal cavity. Histologically, the predominant population consisted of small round to ovoid cells with scanty cytoplasm and dark round nuclei, besides, there were larger neurone‐like cells. Neurone‐specific enolase and S‐100 protein were immunohistochemically detected, while glial fibrillary acidic protein was negative. Histological and immunohistochemical findings substantiated the diagnosis of a grade II peripheral neuroblastoma. This seems to be the first description of a PNB in a newborn piglet.
Ultrasonographic Observations of the Uterine Regression in the Ewe under Different Obstetrical Conditions
Authors: Hauser B. , Bostedt H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryInvolution of the ovine uterus after parturition was studied using real‐time B‐mode ultrasonography. The diameter of the uterus, the uterine lumen and the caruncles were investigated during the first 30 days post‐parturition (p.p.) by transrectal and transabdominal application of the ultrasound probe. Ewes that spontaneously delivered showed a physiological regression of the uterus with a transversal diameter of 4.9 (±0.86) cm on day 1 p.p. which decreased to 1.84 (±0.14) cm until day 30. The course of uterine regression was established on these data and was described by the exponential equation:
image

‘ E
’ means the final value on day 30 p.p. and ‘A’ the difference between the initial transversal diameter on day 1 p.p. minus the final value on day 30 p.p. The exponents ‘b’ and ‘t’ indicate the downward gradient of the regression curve and also the factor time in days. Furthermore, we found that the uterine regression in ewes finishes approximately on day 17 p.p. The uterine involution was delayed in ewes after manual obstetrics and caesarean section, in addition the incidence for retention of foetal membranes was increased. The present study demonstrates that the ultrasonographic technique is a suitable method for the control of the uterine involution and for the diagnosis of pathological aberrations in sheep.