bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of spatially periodic boundary conditions to a numerical computation of flow in a channel obstructed by an array of square rods
Authors: Murata Hiroyuki , Sawada Ken‐ichi , Suzuki Kenjiro 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTwo‐dimensional numerical computation is performed for an unsteady laminar flow. Spatially the periodic boundary conditions are adopted in the streamwise direction and the adequacy of this treatment is studied by varying the computational domain size. The following results were obtained. The Strouhal number and the lift coefficient fluctuation amplitude may change with the domain size for the same flow conditions. Therefore, numerical simulation for a unitary periodic flow field, a “cell,” is valid for limited flow conditions, which depend on the Reynolds number, the blockage ratio of the rod, and its pitch. Research was carried out on a condition in which the numerical solution is determined uniquely, i.e., the calculated results do not change with the domain size, by paying attention to the change in the phase difference of the flow patterns between neighboring cells. The Strouhal number, the drag coefficient, and the lift coefficient fluctuation amplitude increase considerably with the blockage ratio in the calculated results. The lift coefficient fluctuation amplitude decreases slightly with the increase of the rod pitch. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 33(6): 357–370, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20027
SEC urges big changes in accounting and reporting
Authors: Kimmel Paul , Warfield Terry 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) will probably make the discourse between top management, audit committees, and auditors more contentious in the coming years. But the very nature of that discourse may change—if regulators adopt a new approach called “principles‐based accounting.” SOX mandated that the SEC study the usefulness of this approach. And the SEC's report, issued late last year, recommended a move to principles‐based accounting. So what are the implications of this change for top management? © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How SOX affects investing through credit rating agencies
Authors: Burnie David A. , Langsam Sheldon A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) has a long reach. Is your firm issuing debt or other securities? Or are you concerned about the cost of capital? Are you responsible for structuring financial transactions or for making investments? Then you may be surprised to learn that SOX Section 702(b) can affect all these activities and more. It regulates the hugely important credit rating agencies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interprofessional collaboration: Implications for Combined‐Integrated doctoral training in professional psychology
Authors: Johnson Carolyn E. , Stewart Anne L. , Brabeck Mary M. , Huber Vida S. , Rubin Hank 
Published: August 2004

AbstractInterprofessional collaboration (IPC) is becoming “best practice” in the field of professional psychology and other health care professions. It was named as a core competency at Competencies 2002 and the Consensus Conference and has been endorsed by the American Psychological Association on several occasions. The authors provide a definition of IPC, present conceptual, scholarly, and pragmatic support for IPC, and offer guidance on how Combined‐Integrated (C‐I) doctoral programs in professional psychology can include IPC to ensure students are well equipped to respond to a client's complex needs. Furthermore, although C‐I programs might be particularly well prepared to incorporate IPC into their training, it is argued that programs in the single practice areas of clinical, counseling, and school psychology also may benefit from the inclusion of IPC. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Development of a global curriculum for professional psychology: Implications of the Combined‐Integrated model of doctoral training
Authors: Burgess Gerald H. , Sternberger Lee G. , Sanchez‐Sosa Juan Jose , Lunt Ingrid , Shealy Craig N. , Ritchie Pierre 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis article considers the development of a global training curriculum and qualification in professional psychology, with particular emphasis on the Combined‐Integrated (C‐I) model. The C‐I model exposes professional psychology trainees to two or more of the practice areas (i.e., clinical, counseling, school/educational). The authors argue that the C‐I approach is one that is well suited to the development of a global training curriculum due to its emphasis on broadly training psychologists as well as its respect for diversity and integration of various theoretical and professional orientations. A survey of training programs in 16 countries/regions on six continents found significant variation in training, minimal qualifications, and roles of the professional psychologist. The authors recommend that an international group of psychologists develop a regionally flexible, but common, training curriculum and qualification that would include a five‐ to six‐year competency‐based qualification. Ways in which the C‐I training model may serve to integrate and globalize professional psychology are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
A systemic view of higher education and professional psychology: Implications of the Combined‐Integrated model of doctoral training
Authors: Brown Douglas T. , Benson A. Jerry , Walker N. William , Sternberger Lee G. , Lung Deborah S. , Kassinove Howard 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis article was developed in response to the proceedings of the Consensus Conference on Combined and Integrated Doctoral Training in Psychology held at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, VA, May 2 to 4, 2003. The authors approach the recommendations of the conference from the perspective of their experiences in higher education administration at the national, regional, and state levels. The authors conclude that the Consensus Conference represents an exemplar of best practice in program planning. They suggest that a major reconceptualization of higher education is under way that emphasizes broad collaboration among various professional groups as a means of providing appropriate mental health and health care services. Consequently, professional psychology will need to reconceptualize its role in the broader context of other professions within the university setting. Recommendations for the education of psychologists and the development of future training programs are provided. Suggestions for implementation of various recommendations flowing from the Consensus Conference are delineated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The Consensus Conference and Combined‐Integrated model of doctoral training in professional psychology—Overview of Part 2: Broader implications and potential applications of the Combined‐Integrated model
Authors: Shealy Craig N. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis special series of articles on the Consensus Conference and Combined‐Integrated (C‐I) model of doctoral training in professional psychology consists of 13 articles in two successive issues of the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Six articles were presented in Part 1 (Vol. 60, Issue 9), which collectively described the “nature and scope” of the C‐I model (e.g., historic and definitional issues; the potential advantages of this model; implications for the profession). In Part 2 of this special series (Vol. 60, Issue 10), articles 7 through 12 address the broader implications and potential applications of the C‐I model within a range of professional and societal contexts (e.g., for interprofessional collaboration; the health care field; development of a global curriculum; the unified psychology movement; issues of assessment and professional identity; and higher education); article 13 provides a summary of the series as well as a discussion of future directions. As an overview, this paper reviews the articles in Part 1 and describes the various topics of the articles in Part 2. Taken together, the articles in this special series are designed to provide a coherent account of how and why the C‐I model is timely and relevant, and therefore warrants serious consideration by the larger education and training community in professional psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Spreading of embryologically distinct urothelial cells is inhibited by SPARC
Authors: Hudson Amber E. , Feng Waldo C. , Delostrinos Catherine F. , Carmean Nicole , Bassuk James A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe AON epitope of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a conserved motif expressed by human SPARC in a variety of human cell types. Through the use of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes this epitope, transitional epithelium was found to restrict expression of SPARC to the suprabasal and intermediate layer. Such intracellular expression was defined by immunoreactive signals that localized to the apical plasma membranes of suprabasal and intermediate cells. Polarization of SPARC to apical plasma membranes of suprabasal cells was retained in vitro by a subpopulation of cells that exhibited characteristics of suprabasal cells—cell‐cycle quiescence, large cell volumes, and multiple nuclei. In contrast, the basal layer of transitional epithelium in vivo and cycling cells in vitro did not exhibit this apical staining pattern, but instead sequestered the SPARC polypeptide within urothelial cytoplasm and/or nuclei, as revealed by immunohistochemical analysis. Elution of soluble proteins and DNA from urothelial cells revealed the presence of SPARC within the nuclear matrix—and that SPARC colocalized with the nuclear matrix Ki‐67 antigen. rSPARC activity was demonstrated and quantified with a rounding assay whereby the spreading of freshly plated cells was inhibited by recombinant SPARC in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Inhibition of spreading was observed in urothelial cells derived from endoderm (bladder) and mesoderm (ureter) germ layers. Statistically significant differences were seen between urothelial cells from these two layers. Mesodermal cells recovered more slowly from the inhibitory effects of rSPARC, such that at hour 6 endodermal cells underwent significantly more spreading, as shown by a rounding index (RI). These experiments provide new insights about the matricellular trafficking of SPARC and suggest that intra‐ and extra‐cellular localization patterns influence the development, homeostasis, and differentiation of transitional epithelium. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ectodomain shedding of membrane‐anchored heparin‐binding EGF like growth factor and subcellular localization of the C‐terminal fragment in the cell cycle
Authors: Toki Fujio , Nanba Daisuke , Matsuura Nariaki , Higashiyama Shigeki 
Published: August 2004

AbstractHeparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) is initially synthesized as a type I transmembrane protein (proHB‐EGF). The proHB‐EGF is shed by specific metalloproteases, releasing the N‐terminal fragment into the extracellular space as a soluble growth factor (HB‐EGF) and the C‐terminal fragment (HB‐EGF‐C) into the intracellular space, where it prevents transcriptional repression by the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF). The goal of the present study was to characterize regulation of proHB‐EGF shedding and study its temporal variations in HB‐EGF‐C localization throughout the cell cycle. Quantitative combination analyses of cell surface proHB‐EGF and HB‐EGF in conditioned medium showed that proHB‐EGF shedding occurred during the G1 cell cycle phase. Laser scanning cytometry (LSC) revealed that HB‐EGF‐C was internalized into the cytoplasm during the late G1 phase and accumulated in the nucleus beginning in the S phase. Subsequent nuclear export of PLZF occurred during the late S phase. Further, HB‐EGF‐C was localized around the centrosome following breakdown of the nuclear envelope and was localized to the interzonal space with chromosome segregation in the late M phase. Temporal variations in HB‐EGF localization throughout the cell cycle were also characterized by time‐lapse imaging of cells expressing YFP‐tagged proHB‐EGF, and these results were consistent with those obtained in cytometry studies. These results indicate that proHB‐EGF shedding and subsequent HB‐EGF‐C signaling are related with progression of the cell cycle and may provide a clue to understand the unique biological significance of non‐receptor‐mediated signaling of proHB‐EGF in cell growth. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of a specific function to estimate maximum methane production in a batch‐fed anaerobic reactor
Authors: Redzwan Ghufran , Banks Charles 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA readily biodegradable substrate was used to assess the value of using a mathematical function of y = ymaxexpm/x as a simplified method of determining the maximum methane production (Gmax) in a batch anaerobic reactor. Experimental results to test the method used three different initial substrate loadings in pre‐acclimatised completely mixed anaerobic reactors. Gas production was found to follow a typical trend that has previously been described by first order reaction kinetics; for the purpose of fitting the linearisation, it requires a value for maximum cumulative methane production. Use of the modified specific function to yield the equation G = Gmaxexpm/t showed that the experimental gas production curve could be estimated with a high degree of similarity. This was confirmed by a statistical analysis using the method of residuals which gave a correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.97 between experimental and estimated values. Using a graphical linearisation of the specific function produced a simplified method of predicting Gmax. The value obtained was then used in a first order kinetic model to derive the specific coefficient rate (Ko), which was in agreement with other methods used for its determination. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Parallel acquisition techniques in cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging using TrueFISP sequences: Comparison of image quality and artifacts
Authors: Hunold Peter , Maderwald Stefan , Ladd Mark E. , Jellus Vladimir , Barkhausen Jörg 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare image quality, artifacts, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in cardiac cine TrueFISP magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without parallel acquisition techniques (PAT).Materials and MethodsMRI was performed in 16 subjects with a TrueFISP sequence (1.5 T; Magnetom Sonata, Siemens): TR, 3.0 msec; TE, 1.5 msec; flip angle (FA), 60°. Three axes were scanned without PAT (no PAT) and using the generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) and modified sensitivity encoding (mSENSE) reconstruction algorithms with an autocalibration mode to reduce scan time. A conventional spine array and a body flex array were used. Artifacts, image noise, and overall image quality were classified on a 4‐point scale by an observer blinded to the implemented technique; for quantitative comparison, SNR was measured.ResultsWith a PAT factor of two, acquisition time could be reduced by 39%. No PAT did not show artifacts, and GRAPPA revealed fewer artifacts than mSENSE. PAT provided inferior‐quality scores concerning image noise and overall image quality. In quantitative measurements, GRAPPA and mSENSE (20.1 ± 6.2 and 15.6 ± 6.2, respectively) yielded lower SNR than no PAT (30.6 ± 20.1; P < 0.05) and P < 0.001).ConclusionTime savings in PAT are accompanied by artifacts and an increase in image noise. The GRAPPA algorithm was superior to mSENSE concerning image quality, noise, and SNR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:506–511. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptive subtraction as an aid in MR‐guided placement of catheters and guidewires
Authors: Bakker Chris J.G. , Seppenwoolde Jan‐Henry , Bartels Lambertus W. , van der Weide Remko 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the utility of mask subtraction optimization in magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided placement of catheters and guidewires.Materials and MethodsMR‐guided positioning of magnetically prepared catheters and guidewires was done by dynamically imaging a single thick slab at two frames per second. Selective visualization of the prepared parts of the devices was achieved by the use of a conventional baseline subtraction technique and by the use of an adaptive subtraction technique. In the latter, the best reference image is automatically selected from a fixed or a sliding subset of hitherto acquired dynamic images. The efficacy of both approaches was compared by tracking experiments in a flow phantom and in the aortoiliac arteries of a pig.ResultsBaseline subtraction produced adequate visualization of paramagnetic markers in the absence of subject motion and for fixed scan conditions. The sensitivity to subject motion and interactive modification of the scan parameters was greatly reduced by using adaptive subtraction. Adaptive subtraction images, other than conventional subtraction images, appeared to be insensitive to slow periodic motion, e.g., respiratory motion, and were only transiently affected by gross subject motion and interactive alterations of the scan parameters.ConclusionAdaptive subtraction is superior to baseline subtraction for guiding the manipulation of catheters and guidewires in the presence of gross and periodic subject motion and whenever scan parameters are modified in the course of a procedure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:470–474. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a three‐station phased array coil to improve peripheral contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Leiner Tim , Nijenhuis Robbert J. , Maki Jeffrey H. , Lemaire Etienne , Hoogeveen Romhild , van Engelshoven Jos M.A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo explore the imaging capabilities of a new commercially available, three‐station, 129‐cm long, 12‐element phased array coil for contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease.Materials and MethodsNineteen patients, referred for peripheral CE‐MRA, were evaluated using the new three‐station coil. For each station four coil elements (two anterior and two posterior to the patient) were used. The expected improvements in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were used to improve spatial resolution and increase anatomic coverage for the distal two stations compared to our previous protocol. Images obtained in the 19 patients imaged with the new coil were compared to those of the last 19 patients scanned without the use of the new coil. Differences in image quality before vs. after the availability of the new coil were compared in terms of SNR and CNR, subjective interpretability score (SIS), degree of venous enhancement, and anatomic coverage. Images were interpreted by two experienced observers, blinded for imaging technique and each other's results.ResultsUse of the coil enabled acquisition of high resolution peripheral vasculature images in all cases and allowed for substantially smaller voxel sizes (thighs: 5.3 vs. 8.4 mm3 [–37%]; legs: 1.8 vs. 8.0 mm3 [–78%]) and much shorter acquisition durations in the aortoiliac and thighstations (aortoiliac: 16 vs. 27 seconds [–41%]; thighs: 11 vs. 23 seconds [–52%]). Acquisition duration in the leg station was prolonged (68 vs. 29 seconds [+134%]). SNR and CNR were significantly higher only in the aortoiliac station using the three‐station coil (both: P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in SIS for the aortoiliac and thigh stations (aortoiliac station: observer 1: P = 0.16, observer 2: P = 0.19; thigh station: both observers: P = 0.27). Images acquired with the new coil had significantly higher SIS for the leg station (both observers: P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in venous enhancement between the two protocols for any of the stations (all P > 0.11). In 12/12 (100%) requested cases the entire pedal arch was depicted using the new coil, whereas this was not possible with the old protocol.ConclusionThe new three‐station dedicated peripheral vascular coil allows for much higher resolution imaging in the thigh and leg stations with greater anatomic coverage and substantially improves peripheral MRA quality of the lower leg vasculature. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:417–425. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiogenesis in hepatocellular nodules: Correlation of MR imaging and vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Kanematsu Masayuki , Semelka Richard C. , Leonardou Polytimi , Mastropasqua Maria , Armao Diane , Vaidean Georgeta , Firat Zeynep , Woosley John T. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo assess the correlation between magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings and angiogenetic activity in hepatocellular nodules evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with antibody of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Materials and MethodsWe searched the pathologic records of our institution from December 1999 to April 2002, and included 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (N = 14), large regenerative nodule (N = 1), and dysplastic nodule (N = 1) who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (10 patients) or partial hepatectomy (six patients) and MR imaging within an interval of two weeks. The MR images were retrospectively assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Angiogenetic activity of the hepatic nodules was evaluated by means of immunohistochemical study for VEGF. Analysis of variance and the Scheffé criterion were used for statistical evaluation.ResultsHepatic nodules with moderate to strong immunoreactivity for VEGF showed higher signal intensity on T1‐weighted images (P < 0.05) and those with intense immunoreactivity for VEGF showed higher signal intensity on T2‐weighted images (P < 0.05). No correlation was found between the immunoreactivity for VEGF and tumor vascularity on postcontrast early‐ and late‐phase images.ConclusionOur current results suggest that signal intensity on unenhanced T1‐ and T2‐weighted MR images may correlate with immunoreactivity for VEGF. Correlation was not found between immunoreactivity for VEGF and signal intensity on gadolinium‐enhanced MR images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:426–434. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New FOCI pulses with reduced radiofrequency power requirements
Authors: Shen Jun , Chen Zhengguang , Yang Jehoon 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurposeTo propose new frequency offset corrected inversion (FOCI) pulses with significantly reduced radiofrequency (RF) power deposition for spin echo imaging by incorporating the variable‐rate selective excitation (VERSE) schemes into the pulse design.Materials and MethodsTwo schemes are proposed to design the new FOCI pulses with dramatically reduced peak RF power requirements. In scheme A, the time‐dilation function is derived from a predefined adiabaticity factor modulation function. In scheme B, the time‐dilation function is predefined, while the adiabaticity factor is conserved.ResultsThe new FOCI pulses are shown to be able to operate at reduced specific absorption rate (SAR), specifically at the same peak RF power as that of a five‐ or seven‐lobe sinc inversion pulse of the same duration. Using the new FOCI pulse, significant gain in sensitivity was observed in in vivo spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging, which was attributed to the improved refocusing slice profile.ConclusionThe new FOCI pulses can replace the 180° five‐ or seven‐lobe sinc pulses in spin‐echo imaging with the same peak RF power requirement and significantly improved slice profile. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:531–537. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.