bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL URETHROTOMY AND URETHRAL DILATATION ON THE POSTOPERATIVE COURSE OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY FOR STRESS INCONTINENCE
Authors: Moolgaoker A. S. , Rizvi J. H. , Payne P. R. , Parker J. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree years' experience of a total of 128 patients undergoing surgery for stress incontinence is described. Forty‐three patients had an internal urethrotomy performed routinely at the end of the operation, 26 had routine urethral dilatation and 59 had neither procedure. Internal urethrotomy, and to a lesser extent urethral dilatation, resulted in prompt return of spontaneous and efficient micturition following removal of the Foley catheter on the third postoperative day. The postoperative stay averaged 6·4 days in the urethrotomy group of patients, 7·6 days in those who had urethral dilatation and 10·6 days in the others. The two‐year cure rate in the patients who had neither procedure performed was 85 per cent and as yet no failures have occurred in the patients who had internal urethrotomy or urethral dilatation performed.
HORMONAL PATTERNS IN CONCEPTUAL CYCLES AND EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Corker C. S. , Michie E. , Hobson B. , Parboosingh J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAndrostenedione, testosterone, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in plasma and total oestrogens, luteinizing hormone (LH) and HCG in urine were measured in five women during conceptual cycles and in early pregnancy. There were increased levels in plasma and urine of all the hormones measured between 12 to 48 days after ovulation except progesterone. The concentration of this hormone in plasma decreased during this time. The possible sources of these hormones in early pregnancy are discussed.
INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF 15‐METHYL PROSTAGLANDIN F2α FOR INDUCTION OF LABOUR IN PATIENTS WITH INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEATH OR AN ANENCEPHALIC FETUS
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Kirkinen P. , Järvinen P. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe 15‐methyl analogue of PGF2α was administered intramuscularly between 23 and 36 weeks of gestation, to induce labour in 11 mothers with intrauterine fetal death and two with anencephaly. All were delivered within 20 hours (mean 7 hours). The mean dose of 15‐me‐PGF2α was 400 μg (range 100 to 700) given by a mean of 3·1 (range 1 to 7) injections. Diarrhoea was the most frequent sideeffect.
AVULSION INJURY OF UTEROVAGINAL PROLAPSE AND BLADDER
Authors: Khanna Shail , Tripathi V. N. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 40‐year‐old postmenopausal female with complete uterine prolapse received an avulsion injury when her sari was caught in the fast‐moving belt of a flour mill machine. Part of the prolapsed anterior vaginal wall with underlying bladder wall was torn off. Primary repair together with vaginal hysterectomy led to an uneventful recovery.
PLANNED PREGNANCY IN A RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT
Authors: Davison J. M. , Lind T. , Uldall P. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA scheme is described for the investigation and management of a renal transplant recipient before conception, over conception and during the subsequent pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. The patient showed the physiological changes in homeostasis of normal pregnancy. Methods of monitoring maternal, fetal and renal well‐being are discussed. The patient was delivered of a live male child and the neonatal problems are described. The puerperium was uneventful.
CONCENTRATIONS OF FREE FATTY ACIDS IN MATERNAL AND UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD DURING ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Elphick M. C. , Hull D. , Sanders R. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe concentration of free fatty acids was measured in blood taken from the umbilical artery and vein of 29 infants during elective Caesarean section and compared with levels in maternal venous blood. The mean venous‐arterial (v–a) difference was 0·07 mEq/1. There was a direct and significant correlation between the umbilical v–a difference and maternal venous concentrations.
ARTERIAL PRESSURES IN NIGERIAN WOMEN UP TO MID‐PREGNANCY
Authors: Akinkugbe A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA group of 497 women whose pregnancies did not exceed 22 weeks and who were booked at the antenatal clinic between 1st August, 1971 and 31st January, 1972 have been included in a survey of arterial pressures in early pregnancy. The arterial pressures showed a low range and confirmed similar previous observations. The blood pressures among the primigravidae in the group were found to be lower than those of their Aberdeen counterparts. It was also found that the arterial pressures were lower than those of comparable non‐pregnant women within the same community. The low arterial pressures in early pregnancy did not offer any special advantage in relation to the incidence of pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia, diseases known to be prevalent within the community.
TREATMENT AND SURVIVAL IN 631 PATIENTS WITH INVASIVE CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Gad C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFrom 1951 to 1972, a total of 631 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix were diagnosed in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark. Treatment was either by surgery or radiotherapy, a combination of both being rarely used. The crude five‐year survival rates were 99 per cent in stage Ia, 79 per cent in stage Ib, 67 per cent in stage IIa, 45 per cent in stage IIb, 23 per cent in stage III, 5 per cent in stage IV and 63 per cent for all stages. The relative survival rates were respectively 100 per cent, 81 per cent, 73 per cent, 48 per cent, 26 per cent, 5 per cent and 66 per cent. Radical hysterectomy was found more effective than radiotherapy in stage Ib carcinoma of the cervix. This difference was not explained by age but other factors possibly playing a role are considered. The combination of surgery and radiotherapy is discussed and only seems indicated for patients with stage Ib carcinoma and lymph node metastases.
EFFECT OF ORAL 17‐β‐OESTRADIOL ON THE LIVER IN WOMEN WITH INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS (HEPATOSIS) DURING PREVIOUS PREGNANCY
Authors: Jeppsson S. , Rannevik G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of 17‐β‐oestradiol in 14 women who had had intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (hepatosis) were studied. This natural oestrogen was given orally in a daily dose of 5 mg for two 20‐day periods with a 7‐day interval between courses. The bromsulphthalein (BSP) retention rose during the treatment, but only occasionally to levels above the upper limit of normal. Other conventional liver function tests did not usually become abnormal. In a previous investigation in the same type of patients, we studied the effects of mestranol (a synthetic 17‐alky‐ lated oestrogen) in a daily dose of 0·1 mg with the same dose‐schedule as the present investigation and 17‐β‐oestradiol appeared to impair liver function less than mestranol. It might thus be safer to use 17‐β‐oestradiol as a therapeutic agent.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF NEOPLASM IN PATIENTS DYING AFTER TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: De Mǔelenaere G. F. G. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn analysis of 155 patients with endometrial carcinoma, first seen more than five years ago, shows that 31 per cent died with tumour. Trans‐coelomic spread of tumour was the most frequent cause of death and occurred in 13·6 per cent of all patients and in 17·1 per cent of those who were operable. A second important cause of death was haematogenous spread of tumour (6·5 per cent). Local pelvic recurrence was the cause of death in 25 per cent of those who did not survive, and local spread was found in 2·2 per cent of operable patients. A rational approach to therapy for endometrial carcinoma is suggested.
A SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY FOLLOWING MALIGNANT PHASE HYPERTENSION
Authors: Weir R. J. , Willocks J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe describe a patient who had a successful pregnancy three years after starting treatment for malignant phase renal hypertension and two years after a nephrectomy for right renal artery thrombosis and an aorto‐femoral graft for right common iliac artery thrombosis.
PROBLEMS IN ASSESSING EFFECTS OF INDUCTION OF LABOUR ON PERINATAL MORTALITY
Authors: Yudkin Patricia 
Published: August 2005

SummaryData on births in the Oxford area for 1965 and 1972 are examined, and a model presented for analysing some effects of induction of labour during this period. It is suggested that this model is generally useful in understanding the various possible explanations for an apparent improvement in perinatal mortality figures.
DOWN'S SYNDROME AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE
Authors: Janerich D. T. , Flink E. M. , Keogh M. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe examined the history of oral contraceptive usage in a group of 103 mothers of infants with Down's syndrome and an equal number of matched normal controls. We found no evidence of increased pill use among mothers of the abnormal infants either during the pregnancy or in the year before pregnancy.
MATERNAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FETAL CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALIES IN SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS
Authors: Alberman Eva , Creasy M. , Elliott Maureen , Spicer C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect is described of maternal factors on the proportion of fetal chromosomal anomalies in a series of 2620 spontaneous abortions, of which 992 specimens were karyotyped. Maternal age was the most important factor associated with a rise in the proportion abnormal, followed by Social Class I or II and the use of oral contraception before conception. The problem of extrapolating from the proportion abnormal to absolute incidence of anomalies is discussed. In the case of increasing maternal age, the evidence suggests that the rise in incidence of spontaneous abortions with age is accounted for by an increased incidence of chromosomally abnormal fetuses. In the case of high social class and a history of oral contraception, the evidence on incidence is scanty and the rise in the proportion abnormal may either reflect a decrease in the abortion rate of chromosomally normal fetuses, or a small increase in the incidence of lethal chromosomal anomalies.
A SERIAL STUDY OF COAGULATION FACTORS XII, XI AND X IN PLASMA IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Condie R. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA serial study of coagulation factors XII, XI and X in plasma has been carried out on 60 primigravidae, prospectively comparing those who remained normal with those who developed pre‐eclampsia. In the normal group of 48 patients, the levels of all factors rose as pregnancy advanced, a secondary increase in factors XI and X occurring in the puerperium. Cord levels of all three factors were depressed. In the pre‐eclampsia group of 12 patients, factor XII was significantly higher than in the normal group throughout the study, while factors XI and X were slightly lower. Observed changes failed to support the idea of a strong primary role for the coagulation mechanism in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia.
CHORIONIC HAEMANGIOMATA AND ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE
Authors: Kohler H. G. , Iqbal Naheed , Jenkins D. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of fetal death from abruptio placentae is reported in which the placenta was the seat of multiple chorangiomata. This association is believed not to have been fortuitous and a possible mechanism is suggested by which chorangioma may contribute to the pathogenesis of placental abruption. The incidence, morphological variation and clinical manifestations of placental chorangiomata are briefly discussed.
SIX YEARS'EXPERIENCE OF THE PREDICTION OF SEVERITY IN RHESUS HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE
Authors: Fairweather D. V. I. , Whyley G. A. , Millar M. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPrediction charts used in the management of patients suffering from rhesus haemolytic disease are presented and the accuracy investigated for two methods of amniotic fluid analysis. In 468 samples from 141 patients there were 7·9 per cent errors of prediction when both methods were used together but in only four cases (2·8 per cent) was the error thought to have possibly contributed to wrong management.
FURTHER CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE SELENOMETHIONINE UPTAKE TEST
Authors: Nye E. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA review of the selenomethionine uptake ratio as a measure of placental function is presented. Attempts at the early identification of the poorly growing fetus were unsuccessful, and the previously published close correlation of results with clinical findings in later pregnancy has not been confirmed. The theoretical basis of the test has been re‐examined. Although modification much reduced the incidence of technically unsatisfactory readings, other difficulties prevented the test from being clinically useful. To some extent the aim of the test has been superseded by concurrent developments and advances in care of the premature baby.
MEASUREMENT OF INTERVILLOUS AND MYOMETRIAL BLOOD FLOW BY AN INTRAVENOUS 133Xe METHOD
Authors: Rekonen A. , Luotola H. , Pltkänen M. , Kuikka J. , Pyörälä T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA new ‘non‐invasive’ method for measuring intervillous and myometrial blood flow is presented. After 2 mCi of 133Xe in physiological saline was injected intravenously the patient held her breath for 20 seconds. The tracer entered the placenta as a short bolus and its removal was followed with a scintillation detector. Intervillous and myometrial blood flow per unit volume was calculated from the two‐exponential curve. The mean ±SD intervillous flow in normal pregnancy was 135±49 ml/minute/100 ml, the corresponding half time being 0·56±0·16 minutes. The myometrial flow was 7 ·7±2·5 ml/minute/100 g. The method gave reproducible results and took only 20 minutes to perform. The dose of radiation to the mother was less than 1 mrad.
EARLY POSTPARTUM TUBAL LIGATION UNDER EPIDURAL ANALGESIA
Authors: Ghosh A. K. , Tipton R. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTubal ligation under epidural analgesia in the early puerperium (within 10 hours of delivery) was attempted in 51 patients who had an epidural block established during labour. The results are described. No major difficulties were encountered.
THE SCANNING ELECTRONMICROSCOPY OF HUMAN CERVICAL MUCUS IN THE NON‐PREGNANT AND PREGNANT STATES
Authors: Daunter B. , Chantler E. N. , Elstein M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe ultrastructure of the high viscosity phase of human cervical mucus was studied by scanning electronmicroscopy. In the normal woman, sequential mucus samples taken throughout the menstrual cycle showed a honeycomb‐like structure with interconnecting channels separated by thin membraneous walls. The diameter of the channels in the mucus was 2 to 6 μm in the early follicular phase, 30 to 35 μm in the late follicular phase and 4 to 6 μm in the luteal phase. During the first trimester of pregnancy and also at the beginning and end of the menstrual cycle a compact, dense form of mucus structure was observed. In women using either copper‐releasing or pharmacologically inert intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs), the basic structure was similar to that seen in normal women. The channel diameters were normal in women using the inert IUCD but the mucus from women using a copper‐releasing IUCD showed a slight decrease in the late follicular phase channel diameter which was dependent on the time the device had been in place. Globular appendages to the membraneous walls of the mucus were observed in the presence of a copper‐releasing IUCD.
THE EFFECT OF NORMAL PREGNANCY UPON THE RENAL HANDLING OF URIC ACID
Authors: Dunlop W. , Davison J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐four women were investigated serially during and after normal pregnancy. Plasma uric acid concentration appeared to be inversely related to uric acid clearance under infusion conditions, and comparison with simultaneous inulin clearance suggested an alteration in renal function resulting in increased ‘net tubular reabsorption’ of uric acid as pregnancy progressed. No difference was detected between primigravidae and multigravidae. The implications of these changes are discussed with reference to the renal handling of uric acid in pre‐eclampsia.
EVIDENCE FOR A LOCAL CONTROL OF PROSTAGLANDINS WITHIN THE PREGNANT HUMAN UTERUS
Authors: Mitchell M. D. , Keirse M. J. N. C. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin F (PGF) and 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐PGF (PGFM) have been measured in amniotic fluid in late human pregnancy. The method used to obtain amniotic fluid greatly influenced the levels of prostaglandins: fluid obtained by vaginal amniotomy contained significantly higher levels of both PGF and PGFM than samples taken at amniocentesis, reflecting an increase in synthesis and/or release of prostaglandin rather than a decrease in the rate of metabolism. After 36 weeks gestation there was no increase in levels of either PGF or PGFM if samples obtained by amniotomy and amniocentesis were considered separately, although if such samples were considered together a significant increase could be obtained. The apparently rapid change in prostaglandin concentrations in amniotic fluid in response to amniotomy strongly supports a local control of these compounds within the pregnant uterus.
EFFECTS OF SPONTANEOUS AND ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE RUPTURE IN LABOUR UPON FETAL HEART RATE
Authors: Aladjem S. , Miller T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis study reports the effects of spontaneous rupture of membranes and artificial rupture of membranes on fetal heart rate patterns during labour in 87 normal and 25 complicated pregnancies. The incidence of early deceleration patterns following membrane rupture was 6.25 per cent during the first 15 minutes and 1.78 per cent after 45 minutes, regardless of whether the pregnancy was normal or complicated. It is concluded that rupture of membranes does not significantly increase the incidence of early deceleration patterns. However, the occurrence of other heart rate alterations such as late decelerations, loss of beat‐to‐beat variability, changes in base line and tachycardia, need to be investigated further in larger collaborative studies.
SERUM PROLACTIN LEVELS AND THE VALUE OF BROMOCRIPTINE IN THE TREATMENT OF ANOVULATORY INFERTILITY
Authors: Pepperell R. J. , Evans J. H. , Brown J. B. , Smith Margery A. , Healy D. , Burger H. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBasal serum levels of prolactin were measured in 37 infertile anovulatory patients who had failed to conceive on therapy with clomiphene citrate. Twenty of these patients, 16 of whom had galactorrhoea, had elevated basal serum prolactin values which were suppressed to normal or subnormal values during therapy with bromocriptine, the most commonly effective dose being 2·5 mg twice daily. Ovulation, as assessed by urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol measurements, was induced in 17 of these patients with pregnancy in 14. Ovarian responses short of defined criteria for ovulation were induced initially in eight patients, but these progressed to full ovulatory responses in five patients, either on the same or increased doses of bromocriptine. In all the patients who ovulated, the prolactin levels had been reduced below the mean value for normal women (10·6 ng‐ml). The three patients who failed to ovulate all had values higher than this at a dose of bromocriptine reaching 5·0 mg thrice daily. There seemed to be no value in increasing the dose of bromocriptine once ovulation had been achieved. Of the 17 patients with normal basal prolactin values, only one had an unequivocal response to bromocriptine with ovulation and conception, even though the prolactin values in the majority were suppressed to below normal.
SEVERE INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION PRECEDING SEVERE PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Imrie A. H. , Raper C. G. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient is described in whom clinical and laboratory evidence of intravascular coagulation preceded the development of fulminating pre‐eclampsia necessitating the delivery of a fresh stillbirth by Caesarean section at 31 weeks.
GREY‐SCALE ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYDATIDIFORM MOLE WITH A COEXISTENT FETUS
Authors: Cunningham Mary E. , Walls W. J. , Burke M. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient is presented who had a hydatidiform mole with a coexistent fetus and bilateral theca lutein cysts. The complete diagnosis was made by grey‐scale ultrasonography.
OBSTETRIC PRACTICE AND INFANT MORBIDITY
Authors: Adelstein Philippa , Fedrick Jean , Howat Pamela , Robinson R. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA method is described of using matched pairs of index infants and controls to examine the hypothesis that induction or some other obstetric practice is associated with increased morbidity in the mature infant. All infants over 2250 g and 37 weeks gestation, without severe congenital defect or history of severe maternal disorder, born in the John Radcliffe and admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit in 1975 were identified. For each of these index infants a matched control was chosen using strict criteria. Contrast between the 109 matched pairs showed no significant differences between maternal characteristics, induction of labour, use of forceps or duration of labour. There was an excess of index infants born to mothers who had had epidural anaesthesia (P<0·05).
NONSPECIFIC DECELERATIONS IN FETAL HEART RATE DURING HIGH‐RISK PREGNANCY
Authors: Trimbos J. B. , Keirse M. J. N. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySolitary nonspecific decelerations in fetal heart rate occurring in three patients during antepartum cardiotocography are described. The decelerations were nonspecific in that they were neither variable nor late nor associated with maternal hypotension. All occurred in pregnancies complicated by hypertension and placental insufficiency. In the three patients described, the fetus lived for at least three days after the first nonspecific deceleration was observed. Although solitary nonspecific decelerations may indicate danger to the fetus from placental insufficiency, these decelerations should not be considered as an indication for immediate delivery.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERINATAL DEATH DUE TO OBSTRUCTED LABOUR IN ADDIS ABABA
Authors: Naeye R. L. , Dozor A. , Tafari N. , Ross S. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryObstructed labour was the second most common cause of perinatal death in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, being responsible for 9·1 perinatal deaths/1000 births. Most obstructed labours were due to cephalopelvic disproportion. There was a ninefold increase in the perinatal death rate when the patients were anaemic but most perinatal deaths were due to delays in seeking available obstetrical care. Formal education of the patients had little influence on the death rates but the informal education that comes with prolonged urban residence had a markedly favourable effect. Use of prenatal medical services and adequate income also had a favourable influence.
A SURVEY OF AMNIOCENTESIS IN 925 PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK OF FETAL GENETIC DISORDER
Authors: Goldman B. , Mashiah S. , Serr D.M. , Blankstein J. , Chaki R. , Navon R. , Padeh B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOver a nine‐year period, 925 pregnancies at an Israeli medical centre were selected for investigation by amniocentesis for genetic reasons. In only 30 pregnancies did failure of laboratory methods or difficulty with amniocentesis lead to a lack of results with which to assess the normality of the fetus. The information obtained by examination of the amniotic fluid in the other 895 pregnancies is presented and discussed.