bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of self-management questionnaire in diabetes mellitus (ASQ-DM-EX)—the validation of novel lived experience inventory
Authors: Swarna Nantha Yogarabindranath , Chung Ker-Rou , Suresh Hans Willard Nelson , Heng Venus Kai Ing , Yap Christina Gertrude , Tan Hui Lynn , Lau Chong Jie , Soh Kai Jun , Babu Rujul Suresh , Lim Jia Xin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The optimal control of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is defined by the innate mastery of self-management behaviours. This study is designed to condense the lived experiences of people with T2D in relation to factors ‘exterior’ to themselves into a universal self-management inventory (Assessment of Self-Management Questionnaire in Diabetes Mellitus—External Reality; ASQ-DM-EX).

Methods
We collected responses to an online and physical survey from people living with T2D through a quantitative cross-sectional study. First, we tested the contextual validity and cultural preciseness of ASQ-DM-EX prototype through a preliminary pilot testing phase. These processes culminated in the development of a 91-item version of the questionnaire which was disseminated widely to evaluate the predictive strength of the ASQ-DM-EX.

Results
All constructs within ASQ-DM-EX showed internal consistencies within good to excellent range (Cronbach’s ⍺ = 0.70–0.94), except for the Influence construct (Cronbach’s ⍺ = 0.33). An increase in ASQ-DM-EX scores was associated with a reduction in HbA1c control (r = −0.17, P &lt; 0.05). The ASQ-DM-EX model had excellent goodness-of-fit [root mean square error of approximation &lt; 0.01; comparative fit index = 1.00; Tucker–Lewis index = 1.00].

Conclusion
The ASQ-DM-EX is a novel and holistic inventory that broadens the scope of diabetes assessment absent from contemporary self-management tools.
Rescaling Geoeconomics: The Role of Local Illicit Authority in Global Megaprojects
Authors: Idler Annette , Voyvodic Clara 
Published: January 2025

Abstracts
This article examines the influence of violent non-state actors (VNSAs) on the construction of large-scale infrastructure projects in conflict-affected territories. Recentering such territories, it challenges state-centric geoeconomic narratives, which often overlook the significant role of local illicit authorities in shaping project outcomes. The study demonstrates how geoeconomic ambitions, such as regional or global influence and energy security, depend on negotiating with local actors in contested territories. The findings reveal the blurred boundaries between domestic and international authority in these regions and suggest that megaprojects must account for multi-scalar authority dynamics. We illustrate our argument by analyzing the construction of two megadam projects: the Hidroituango Dam in Colombia's Antioquia Department and the Myitsone Dam in Myanmar's Kachin State. Drawing on original evidence collected during extensive fieldwork comprising semi-structured interviews and observations in these two conflict-affected regions, we show that the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and Myanmar's Kachin Independence Army, respectively, exercised authority in regions where the state's monopoly on violence was limited. These VNSAs obstructed or facilitated megaprojects based on tactics including extortion and community representation.
Stress interaction and crack penetration mechanism between slit charge blasting holes in high in-situ stress rock mass
Authors: Sui Zhe , Yang Liyun , Xu Jiye , Li Cui , Chen Tao , Ding Chenxi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The research primarily focuses on the stress interaction between boreholes in slit charge blasting and the crack penetration mechanism. It thoroughly explores the impact of these stress interaction on crack propagation and analyzes the blasting stress wave evolution between boreholes and characteristics crack propagation characteristics. First, numerical simulation was run to look into the inter-borehole stress interaction mechanisms. Results indicate that stress wave interaction between boreholes promotes the formation and extension of radial directional cracks. However, interactions between the stress fields at crack tips and the stress wave from adjacent boreholes, as well as between crack tip stress fields themselves, negatively affect the connectivity of radial cracks between boreholes. Furthermore, the study also examines how in-situ stress and borehole spacing affect crack connectivity between boreholes. Simulation findings indicate that in-situ stress weakens hoop tensile stress between boreholes, hindering crack connectivity and suppressing the slit charge's directed blasting impact. Reducing borehole spacing can improve crack connectivity between boreholes. However, reducing spacing can negatively impact the directional blasting effect, potentially compromising surrounding rock stability. Finally, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of borehole spacing and in-situ stress on crack penetration, and a predictive model was constructed. Based on this, the study provides a theoretical foundation and scientific reference for the optimization of slit charge blasting parameters under high in-situ stress conditions.
PD15, a steroidal saponin, induces apoptosis of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells via suppressing the Akt/GSK3β pathway
Authors: Yao Minna , Ding Yi , Sun Yang , Gao Kai , Li Ruili , Zhang Wei , Li Weiwei , Wang Yanhua , Qiao Yi , Tang Haifeng , Wang Jingwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
PD15, a novel natural steroidal saponin extracted from the rhizomes of Paris delavayi Franchet, has demonstrated a strong cytotoxic effect against HepG2 and U87MG cells. However, its therapeutic effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
MTT assay, clonogenic assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, molecular docking, and western blot were used to investigate the mechanism of PD15 in HCT116 cell lines. Additionally, the anti-CRC effects of PD15 were evaluated in vivo using HCT116 xenograft models.

Key findings
PD15 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 phase arrest in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, PD15 upregulated cleaved Caspase 3 and 9, cleaved PARP, and Bax expression levels while downregulating Bcl-2, leading to apoptosis. Further experiments revealed that PD15 downregulated the protein expression of p-Akt and p-GSK3β, with LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt inhibitor) enhancing PD15-induced apoptosis and its effects on Akt/GSK3β-associated proteins. In addition, molecular docking demonstrated that PD15 exhibited strong binding affinity with Akt and GSK3β. Critically, PD15 inhibited CRC growth in vivo without causing apparent toxicity in mice.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that PD15 could trigger apoptosis by suppressing the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in HCT116 cells.
Surgical management of giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hassani Mohammed , Deflaoui Tarik , Derkaoui Anas , Akil Yassir , Lakhloufi Mohammed , Jidou Ahmed Vadel , Ouahabi Safae , Guellil Abdelali , Jabi Rachid , Bouziane Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Liposarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin. It accounts for ~7% of all mesenchymal sarcomas and 1% of cancers in general. Its incidence does not exceed 2.5 cases per million inhabitants per year. This tumor is generally locally invasive, often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and can grow to a considerable size and weight, culminating in a locally advanced form. We report a case of a 65-year-old patient with retroperitoneal liposarcoma treated by open surgical resection. The patient was admitted for the management of an abdomino-pelvic mass measuring 40 × 27 × 17 cm, progressively evolving over 5 years. The diagnosis was established by computed tomography scan. The postoperative course was uneventful, and after 1 year of chemotherapy, the patient died of respiratory distress.
Investigating how reproductive traits in rice respond to abiotic stress
Authors: Liberatore Claudia Maria , Biancucci Marco , Ezquer Juan Ignacio , Gregis Veronica , Di Marzo Maurizio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Oryza sativa is one of the most important crops and a food source for billions of people. Anthropic global warming, soil erosion, and unstable environmental conditions affect both its vegetative and reproductive growth, and consequently the final yield of its cultivation. The reproductive phase starts with the transition of apical meristem from vegetative to reproductive, which develops into a panicle, proceeds through the differentiation of the floret, and, after fertilization, the filling of the grain. The physiological events that occur during these stages influence the ability of new seeds to respond to stresses during the future seed germination phase, a key step for successful seedling growth and future plant establishment.
This review explores the impacts of different abiotic stresses on the physiological and molecular pathways of the reproductive growth.
Discovery of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in short-duration gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Yang Xing , Lü Hou-Jun , Rice Jared , Liang En-Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Rapidly rotating newborn magnetars, which originate from binary neutron star (NS) mergers and serve as the central engines of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), may leave some imprints on their prompt gamma-ray light curves even though they are far from their radiating fireballs. A high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) would be a unique feature for the magnetar central engine, especially a hypermassive magnetar. By conducting a systematic analysis of the prompt gamma-ray light curves from 605 short GRBs observed by Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, we have identified such QPO signals in three GRBs (e.g. GRB 120323A, GRB 181222B, and GRB 190606A). The QPOs that peaked at $1258^{+6}_{-6}$ Hz for GRB 120323A, $623^{+4}_{-4}$ Hz for GRB 181222B, and $1410^{+4}_{-5}$ Hz for GRB 190606A are all with a confidence level above $5.2 \sigma$. The high-frequency QPO signals of those three short GRBs may be caused by a hypermassive magnetar acting as the central engine in a binary NS merger of a binary NS.
169. Universal Immunization Strategy Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prevention in Chile with Nirsevimab during the 2024 Winter Season: First Southern Hemisphere Nationwide Effectiveness Data
Authors: Torres Juan P , Saure Denis , O´Ryan Miguel , Goic Marcel , Thraves Charles , Trigo Natalia , Diaz Gonzalo , Pacheco Jorge , Burgos Javiera , Aguilera Patricio , Basso Leonardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Nirsevimab for infant RSV prevention was introduced in some Northern Hemisphere countries during 2023. Chile was first to implement a universal countrywide immunization strategy following cost-effectiveness projections in the Southern Hemisphere. This strategy included all newborns born after April 1st, 2024, and infants born after October 1st, 2023. We report the first national-level impact results of this strategy up to the midwinter period.

Methods
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) attributed to RSV, causing intensive care (PICU) and overall hospitalizations, is being collected from integrated national databases. For effectiveness, individual hospitalization records are imputed to RSV by best matching ICD-10 codes to the national sentinel program and consolidated hospitalization records. Statistical analyses at different aggregation levels are being conducted to estimate the impact of nirsevimab. Detailed patient-level information is being collected to compare LRTI hospitalizations among those receiving or not nirsevimab using the Cox proportional hazards model. Effectiveness was estimated as (1 – hazard rate) ×100, and 95%CIs were obtained from the Cox model (NCT06511687).

Results
By epidemiological week 23 (mid-June 2024), nirsevimab coverage was 98% and 83% for in-season newborns and the infant catch-up group, with a total of 95,373 doses administered, from a total of 160,000 doses projected up to September 30. Effectiveness was 86% (95%CI 65-95%, 24 cases) and 75% (95%CI 64-83%, 141 cases) against PICU and overall RSV-associated hospitalizations, respectively. Among immunized and non-immunized elegible infants, days of stay were 3.95 (SD 2.46) and 7.87 (SD 6.83) (p=0.31) in the PICU and 3.23 (SD 2.02) vs 4.24 (SD 3.57) (p=0.008) in the pediatric ward, respectively. To date, no RSV deaths have been reported in Chile, compared to 13 cases in 2023. Nirsevimab associated serious adverse events have not been observed.

Conclusion
The nirsevimab-based nationwide immunization program is providing over 75% prevention against RSV associated PICU and overall hospitalizations in Chile, with an optimal safety profile. These results may encourage other similar countries to advance RSV prevention efforts (GRANT ANID PIA AFB230002 ISCI).

Disclosures
Juan P. Torres, Medical Doctor, PhD, Pfizer: Honoraria|Sanofi: Honoraria
381. Transplantation of Maternal Intestinal Flora to the Newborn After Elective Cesarean Section - A Randomized Controlled Trial (SECFLOR)
Authors: Carpén Noora K , de Vos Willem M , Salonen Anne , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Andersson Sture , Helve Otto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Normal microbial colonization process from the mother to the newborn is disrupted by birth by caesarean section (CS). We assess, whether in CS-delivered infants, the intestinal microbiome could be successfully and safely normalized by postnatal oral transfer of maternal fecal microbiome (FMT). In this double-blinded randomized controlled trial started in autumn 2019, we assess the difference in heterogeneity of the intestinal microbiome between the two groups from birth to 24 months of age.
The randomization code was opened in March 2024 when last transplanted child turned one year of age. Primary outcome measures are assessed from samples collected at 3 months of age.

Methods
90 healthy pregnant women scheduled for elective CS were recruited. After screening and randomization, within two hours of delivery, 31 newborns were given 3.5 mg of the transplant from their own mothers or placebo mixed in mother’s milk.
The children are followed for 24 months. Stool and blood samples from the child and mother are collected during the follow up and analyzed for changes in microbiome heterogeneity between the groups and to assess, for example, immunological changes associated with the transfer.

Results
All mothers were asymptomatic, no prescribed courses of antibiotics or travelling history outside the European Union region within three months of screening. 38 had positive findings in screening tests. 31 infants were included in the study of whom 15 received the transplant and 16 placebo. 3 adverse events were reported in the transplant group: one infant had thrombocytopenia at the age of two days, which normalized within one week. One infant was diagnosed with bilateral grade one intraventricular hemorrhage at the age of two weeks. One infant was treated for transient tachypnea of the newborn after receiving the transplant. None of the adverse events were considered related to the transplant.

Conclusion
In our proof-of-concept study we previously demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of our protocol. The immunology and microbiota samples (fecal and blood) of our first-of-a-kind randomized controlled trial are being analyzed and first results will be available in September 2024.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
161. Prospective Study of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Reactivation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Receiving anti-CD38 and BCMA Therapies: An Interim Data Analysis
Authors: Baneman Emily , Moshier Erin , Sanchez Larysa , Rana Meenakshi M , Jacobs Samantha E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment has shifted over the past decade, leading to increased cumulative immunosuppression as patients live longer and receive treatment for multiple relapses. Newer MM therapies, including anti-CD38 and BCMA directed agents, impact cell-mediated immunity. We hypothesized that patients receiving such therapies are at risk of CMV infection and we launched a prospective pilot study to assess CMV incidence in this population.Table 1:Characteristics of CMV reactivation among patients with multiple myeloma

Methods
Eligible patients included seropositive adults with MM undergoing treatment with anti-CD38 or anti-BCMA therapies. Plasma CMV PCR was monitored every 14 days (+/- 7 days) for three months (Cobas 6800 System, limit of quantification 34.5 IU/mL). The primary endpoint was CMV viral load &gt;500 IU/mL. Treating providers were blinded to results unless CMV PCR was sent outside of the study for clinical reasons.Figure 1:Proportion with CMV &gt; 500 IU/mL during follow-up period

Results
Twenty-two patients had data available at the time of interim analysis. Eleven (50%) patients received anti-CD38 containing regimens (10 daratumumab, 1 isatuximab), 5 (23%) received anti-BCMA bispecific antibody, and 6 (27%) received BCMA-targeted CAR-T. Eight (36%) patients had newly diagnosed MM and 14 (64%) had relapsed disease. Among relapsed patients, median prior lines of chemotherapy was 4 (range 1-13). Nine (41%) patients had prior autologous stem cell transplant. Fourteen (64%) patients had detectable CMV DNA, but CMV viral load remained &lt; 34.5 IU/mL in the majority (8/14, 57%). Only three (13.6%) patients had CMV viral load &gt;500 IU/mL, including one asymptomatic CAR-T cell recipient who received valganciclovir. Median duration of DNA-emia was 2 weeks (range 1-15). There was a trend toward more DNA-emia in subjects with newly diagnosed compared to relapsed MM (88% vs 29%, HR 2.58 [95% CI 0.86-7.79], p=0.0758). Previous history of CMV infection was also associated with CMV reactivation during the study (HR 5.54 [95% CI 1.36 - 22.48], p=0.0063). There were no patients with end-organ CMV disease and no mortality during the study.Figure 2:Proportion with any CMV DNA detection during follow-up period

Conclusion
Low-level CMV reactivation occurs frequently in patients with MM receiving anti-CD38 and BCMA therapies, but clinically significant CMV infection remains uncommon. Future studies should also evaluate the impact of subclinical CMV DNA-emia on oncologic outcomes.Figure 3:Proportion with any CMV DNA detection, stratified by prior MM treatment

Disclosures
Emily Baneman, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support Samantha E. Jacobs, MD, MS, Ansun Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|Eurofins, Viracor, LLC.: Grant/Research Support
172. Impact of 24/7 Rapid Diagnostic Testing Pharmacist Interventions and Infectious Diseases Consultation in Pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Aquino Catherine Ann C , Gavaza Paul , Soneji Maulin , Chan Tompkins Noreen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The benefits of pharmacist interventions using rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) and Infectious Diseases (ID) consultation for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) have been documented in adults, but data on pediatric patients is sparse. The study objectives were to evaluate the impact of 24/7 pharmacist-led RDT interventions and pediatric ID consultation on clinical outcomes in pediatric SAB.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzed pediatric patients (age &lt; 18 years) with SAB admitted to Children’s Hospital comparing outcomes before and after implementation of 24/7 pharmacist-led RDT interventions. Pre-intervention (Pre-RDT) group included patients admitted from February 2013 to January 2015 and the post-intervention (Post-RDT) group from August 2021 to July 2023. Premature infants (&lt; 36 weeks gestational age) and patients with polymicrobial bacteremia or fungemia were excluded.

Results
A total of 101 patients were included: Pre-RDT (n=51) and Post-RDT (n=50). Most patients were male (68.3%) and white (61.4%) with similar baseline characteristics (Table 1). The median time to optimal antibiotic (TOAT) from blood culture collection was lower in the Post-RDT group than the Pre-RDT group (23.9 vs 29.0 hours; p=0.673) for MRSA and MSSA isolates. The Post-RDT group had lower median TOAT for MSSA (24.8 vs 87.7 hours; p &lt; 0.001) with higher use of beta-lactams (Figure 1), lower hospital length of stay (LOS) (12 vs 17 days; p=0.007), lower ICU admissions (40.0% vs 64.7%; p=0.017), and shorter ICU LOS (14 vs 17 days; p=0.022) than patients in the Pre-RDT group. Post-RDT patients had fewer 30-day readmission (22.0% vs 23.5%; p &gt; 0.05) and in-hospital mortality (4% vs. 7.8%; p &gt; 0.05) than Pre-RDT patients. ID was consulted more frequently in the Post-RDT group (94.0% vs. 56.9%; p &lt; 0.001). In-hospital mortality was lower with ID consultation than without it (2.6% vs. 16.0%; p=0.032).

Conclusion
Integration of 24/7 RDT pharmacist interventions and pediatric ID consultations were associated with improved clinical outcomes (TOAT for MSSA, hospital and ICU LOS and in-hospital mortality) in pediatric patients with SAB, highlighting the effectiveness of these interventions in a pediatric antimicrobial stewardship framework.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures