bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Modeling of Flow, Spread, and Deformation of Compound Droplets: Printability and Relevance to Advanced Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Shah Rauf G. , Mohan Ram V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of compound droplets, where one droplet is encapsulated within another, has gained significant attention due to its relevance in various manufacturing processes. Computational models serve as powerful tools for understanding the complex dynamics involved in the formation, deformation, and manipulation of compound droplets. Through these models, researchers can investigate the dynamics and interplay of different underlying forces, providing insights into the behavior of compound droplets for process optimization.
In this work, we use the multiphase volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method with a ‘multiphaseInterfoam’ solver for capturing different interfaces of compound droplets. A converge study is also conducted to achieve the grid independent solutions and the convergence is observed. The spreading and recoiling behavior is captured with reference to a droplet-based printing where a compound droplet is impinged on a solid substrate. The pressure and velocity contours reveal the flow induced deformation and the origin of mechanical stress along the interfaces of different phases. A parametric study focusing on the effect of process parameters or material properties in the form of non-dimensional numbers (Re and We) on the spread diameter is conducted which will improve process optimization during the printing process.
In manufacturing processes such as microencapsulation, emulsification, and 3D printing, the precise control of compound droplet formation and manipulation is crucial for achieving desired product characteristics and functionalities. Computational modeling facilitates the optimization of process parameters, leading to enhanced efficiency, reduced material wastage, and improved product quality. This paper underscores the significance of computational modeling in advancing our understanding of compound droplets and its transformative impact on various manufacturing processes.
Statistical Analysis and Computational Modelling of Superfluid Helium
Authors: Domenikos George-Rafael , Mantzaris Alexander V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Superfluidity as a state of matter is a complex phenomenon that can be studied from different perspectives. In this work the authors aim to describe superfluidity in Helium-4 through a microscopical computational approach. Through the quantum mechanical states of Helium a statistical model is created in order to transverse from the microscopical to the macroscopical spectrum. The Bose-Einstein statistics and the Maxwell-Boltzmann are then calculated for different temperatures to investigate the divergence between them in the microscopic view of the system, and explore the macroscopic system phase transitions to superfluidity. Through this computational model the probability distributions of the different energy states are presented, giving the ability to compare the statistical behavior of the ideal and non-ideal parts of superfluid Helium, and how superfluidity can be associated with the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation computationally. The excitation spectrum of the superfluid is studied, through which the entropy of the excitations is shown to be the total entropy of the superfluid below the lambda line, connecting these finding with Landau’s quasiparticle approach. Through these computations the authors are now able to showcase this microscopical behavior directly, without making use of macroscopical thermodynamic data as done previously, and derive the basic thermodynamic behaviors of superfluid Helium-4 to near absolute zero without the need of experimental data.
Development of an EMG-Controlled Wire Feeder Mechanism for Hand Amputees in TIG Welding
Authors: Glencoe James , Deemyad Taher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Skilled trades play a pivotal role in industrial productivity and craftsmanship, yet workers in these professions face occupational hazards, including traumatic amputations. Existing prosthetic solutions often inadequately address the needs of trade workers, leading to challenges in returning to work effectively. This paper explores the development of an Electromyography (EMG) wire feeder designed to assist hand amputees in TIG welding, emblematic of the broader investigation into prosthetic technology. Recognizing the critical gap in current prosthetic solutions for trade workers, this research aims to develop solutions tailored to the demands of labor-intensive industries. By exploring alternative control methods such as force myography, which offers robust control mechanisms less susceptible to environmental factors, this study seeks to enhance prosthetic usability in skilled trades. Additionally, efforts are directed towards simplifying prosthetic control systems, ensuring reliability and adaptability to task-specific needs. Through the convergence of engineering ingenuity and prosthetic rehabilitation, this research endeavors to transform the lives of individuals in skilled trades, enabling them to reclaim their livelihoods effectively.
The Production of Coaching: A Critical Examination of Space in Coaching
Authors: Lee Han Wool , Corsby Charles L.T. 
Published: January 2025

Despite the substantial body of coaching literature that has illuminated the social and relational features of coaching, the spatial(-temporal) dimension of coaching has often been overlooked. Inspired by Henri Lefebvre’s writing of The Production of Space, this article critically explores and deconstructs the dominant sociospatial practices at Alvour Football Club (all names used are pseudonyms) and how they were co-produced and materialized by those involved in organizational life. Following an ethnographic design, the first author spent 7 months at a semiprofessional football club. The precise research methods included participant observation, informal conversation, semistructured interviews, and the use of visual methods (i.e., researcher-driven photography and auto-photography). The findings present three themes: the patterns of Alvour F.C., outlining the coaches’ vision (i.e., how the team would be expected to play), and describing the manipulations, actions, and consequences of trying to implement such ideas of how to play into practice. Taken together, the findings illuminate how the dialectical relation between spatiality and temporality in coaching was imagined and produced, which in turn demonstrated the unequal forms of power, control, and marginalization present in everyday coaching. It is hoped the study contributes to the theoretical breadth and critical analysis of the everyday practical realities of coaching, which might illuminate a spatial turn in coaching.
Mitochondrial injury and complement dysregulation are drivers of pathological inflammation in viral myocarditis
Authors: Mohamud Yasir , Bahreyni Amirhossein , Hwang Sinwoo Wendy , Lin Jingfei Carly , Wang Zhihan Claire , Zhang Jingchun , Luo Honglin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Enteroviruses cause nearly 1 billion global infections annually and are associated with a diverse array of human illnesses. Among these, myocarditis and the resulting chronic inflammation have been recognized as major contributing factors to virus-induced heart failure. Despite our growing understanding, very limited therapeutic strategies have been developed to address the pathological consequences of virus-induced chronic innate immune activation. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was used as a model cardiotropic enterovirus. We leveraged
in vitro
cell-based studies to investigate cardiomyocyte and macrophage interaction during CVB3 infection, as well as animal studies and unique human cardio specimens to evaluate mechanisms of viral heart injury. We present evidence that viral myocarditis is in part exacerbated by pathological activation of the complement pathway in cells, mice, and human cardiac tissues. We demonstrate unique cell type-specific responses to viral infection that are exacerbated by mitochondrial injury in cardiomyocytes and NFκB-dependent pro-inflammatory response in macrophages. Macrophages are robustly activated by damage-associated mitochondrial components, including mitochondrial proteins and lipid extracts. Mechanistically, we identify complement protective factors CD59/protectin and CD55/DAF as novel targets of viral proteinase that acts to release the brakes on complement-mediated autoinjury. Collectively, our study highlights a novel mechanism that can act as a potential contributor to CVB3 pathogenesis through mitochondrial injury-mediated autoimmunity.

IMPORTANCE
This study sheds light on how enteroviruses, specifically coxsackievirus B3, may contribute to heart failure by triggering harmful immune responses in the heart. We discovered that viral infections in heart cells cause mitochondrial damage, which in turn activates a destructive immune response involving the complement system. This immune activation is one of the significant contributors that lead to further injury of heart tissues, worsening the damage caused by the virus. Additionally, we identified key protective molecules that are targeted and disrupted by the virus, allowing the immune system to attack the heart even more aggressively. Understanding these mechanisms may provide additional insights into how viral infections can lead to chronic heart conditions and suggests potential therapeutic targets to prevent or reduce heart damage in patients affected by viral myocarditis.
Multicentre, multitime, multidimension, prospective follow-up cohort study on patients during the first wave of COVID-19 in China: a study protocol
Authors: Wu Shan , Luo Zhaoyao , Liu Huiping , Zhu Jia , Zhu Yanan , Hou Danwei , Wei Tianhua , Liu Tonghui , Zheng Chao , Zhu Zhimin , Huang Weipeng , Bai Weixian , Yu Xinyi , Yuan Huijie , Bao Wenrui , Zhang Ming , Niu Xuan 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionDuring the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, the surge of COVID-19 cases was rapid and drastic. Emerging evidence suggests that beyond the acute phase, patients with COVID-19 may experience a wide range of postacute or long COVID sequelae. However, the mechanism and burden of COVID-19, especially long COVID, have not yet been comprehensively clarified. To fill this knowledge gap, this large prospective follow-up study aims to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of COVID-19, explore the underlying biological mechanism and identify predictive neuroimaging and haematological biomarkers associated with these effects.Methods and analysisThis multicentre study will recruit patients infected during the first wave of COVID-19 in China and healthy controls (HCs) with no history of COVID-19 infection from nine participating hospitals. Confirmed patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 will complete the following programmes during the acute infection phase and at 3, 12 and 24 months after infection: (a) blood test at the local laboratory, (b) multimodal brain and spine MRI scan and (c) the neuropsychological scales and questionnaires. Similarly, the uninfected HCs will complete the same programmes as the infected group mentioned above at the time of inclusion. At the first time point, 501 participants (418 patients and 83 HCs) from nine recruiting hospitals have been observed. Ultimately, all of these results will be analysed to explore the short-term and long-term effects of COVID-19.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU1AF2023LSK-013). Findings will be presented at national and international conferences, as well as published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT05745805.
Short-acting beta agonist, antibiotics, oral corticosteroid and association with mortality and cardiopulmonary events in patients with COPD: a retrospective cohort study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Bhutani Mohit , Talukdar Manisha , Randhawa Arsh , Manivong Phongsack , Gelfand Aaron , McMullen Suzanne , Mayers Irvin 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to examine the association between short-acting beta agonist (SABA), antibiotic and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and mortality and cardiopulmonary outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignRetrospective cohort study using administrative health data from 1 April 2011 to 31 March 2020.SettingAlberta, Canada.ParticipantsPatients ≥35 years old with COPD were identified using diagnostic codes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatient characteristics included age, sex, geographical zone and comorbidities (as defined by the Charlson Comorbidity Index). Outcome variables included all-cause and COPD-related mortality. Outcomes were assessed in consecutive 90-day intervals, starting from cohort entry, paired with time-varying COPD-related medication history in the 1 year preceding each interval. Associations were modelled between mortality and SABA, antibiotic and OCS history, and between major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death and SABA history.ResultsAmong 188 969 patients, dose–response effects were observed. Adjusting for covariates, rates were higher for patients with 6+ (vs 1) SABA dispenses (all-cause mortality HR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.24, p<0.001; COPD-related mortality HR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.46, p<0.001). Patients receiving 6+ (vs 1–2) antibiotic dispenses had 62% (HR: 1.62, 95% CI 1.57 to 1.66, p<0.001) and 43% (HR: 1.43, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.49, p<0.001) higher rates of all-cause and COPD-related mortality, respectively. Patients experiencing 6+ (vs 1–5) OCS burst-days had 27% (HR: 1.27, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.36, p<0.001) and 29% (HR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.40, p<0.001) higher rates of all-cause and COPD-related mortality, respectively. Adjusting for covariates, patients with 2–5 (vs 1) SABA dispenses had higher rates of postexacerbation MACE and CVD death (incidence rate ratio: 1.26, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.36, p<0.001 and 1.27, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.40, p<0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOne-year COPD reliever or exacerbation management medication history was associated with higher rates of mortality and postexacerbation MACE (SABA specific).
Which unmet social care needs have the biggest impact on healthy ageing? An analysis of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Spiers Gemma F , Davies Laurie E , Sinclair David , Tan Michelle M C , Kingston Andrew , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: January 2025

Background and aimUnmet need for social care is linked to numerous adverse health outcomes. Understanding which unmet needs have the biggest impact on healthy ageing could help resource-stretched services prioritise care. To address this evidence gap, our analysis aimed to explore the association between selected individual unmet care needs and an indicator of healthy ageing.Design and dataCross-sectional analysis of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (Wave 9). A total of 6109 people aged 50 years or over, with complete data items, formed the basis for this analysis.MeasuresAbsolute unmet need for help with each: walking 100 yards and climbing one flight of steps (mobility); managing money, managing medication, doing housework and shopping for groceries (instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)); and dressing, walking across a room, bathing or showering, eating, using the toilet and getting in and out of bed (activities of daily living (ADLs)). Our outcome measure was poor self-rated health .ResultsAssociations between poor self-rated health and most unmet ADL, IADL and mobility needs were not statistically significant. People with an unmet need for support with managing money were nine times more likely to report poor self-rated health than those whose support needs were met in this domain (OR=9.23, 95% CI: 2.12 to 40.23). In a comparison of people with met and unmet needs, individuals with met needs had higher levels of dependency than those with unmet needs.ConclusionsSome unmet needs may be especially consequential for older people’s health. However, shortcomings in current data limit a clear and confident assessment of this. Our analysis highlights the importance of data on the level of need to better understand the link between unmet care needs and healthy ageing.
Care intertwined with anxiety and helplessness: the experiences of ICU nurses from COVID-19 disease’s end of life—a qualitative study
Authors: Asadi Neda , Royani Zahra , Pourkhajoei Sirous 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for end-of-life care has increased. This type of care is different for patients with COVID-19 compared with other patients. This study aims to explain the experiences of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in providing end-of-life care to patients with COVID-19.DesignQualitative content analysis.SettingThe study population consisted of ICU nurses working in hospitals affiliated with the Kerman University of Medical Sciences in southeastern Iran.Participants14 ICU nurses, including 9 women and 5 men, participated in this study. Their mean age was 33.79±5.07 years, and their mean work experience was 8.64±3.5 years.Primary and secondary objectivesThe purpose of this qualitative content analysis was to explore the experiences of Iranian intensive care nurses using purposive sampling and semistructured in-depth interviews. Sampling was based on maximum variation (age, gender, professional experience and educational level) to obtain rich information. Guba and Lincoln’s criteria were applied to increase the trustworthiness and rigour of the study, and the data were analysed using Graneheim and Lundman’s method and MAXQDA 2020.ResultsICU nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 at the end of life are comprehensive, and four main themes emerged from the responses: fear of death due to COVID-19 infection; physical and psychological consequences of caring for patients dying from COVID-19; confusion in caring for patients with COVID-19 at the end of life and unbelievable deaths.ConclusionThe present study looked at the experiences of Iranian nurses providing end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that the nurses experienced anxiety, excessive fatigue and guilt during end-of-life care and that the high mortality and unbelievable deaths were traumatic experiences for them.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with adverse obstetric outcomes among pregnant women in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Reverzani Cristina , Zaake Daniel , Nansubuga Faridah , Ssempewo Herman , Manirakiza Leonard , Kayiira Anthony , Tumwine Gilbert 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThere is a dearth of published data on the vitamin D status of the Ugandan population; the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in Uganda and its associations with maternal characteristics and adverse foetal-maternal outcomes.Study design and settingWe conducted a cross-sectional study on pregnant women admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda for delivery during the study period from July to December 2023.ParticipantsThe study was conducted on 351 pregnant women aged ≥18 years who consented to participate in the study, who had a single intrauterine pregnancy and a gestational age greater than 26 weeks, and who delivered at St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya. We excluded pregnant women admitted to the hospital longer than 1 week before delivery; pregnant women with self-reported pre-existing kidney diseases, liver diseases, or gut or malabsorption disorders and pregnant women with severe pregnancy-unrelated comorbidities requiring intensive care unit admission before delivery.InterventionsMaternal venous blood was collected at admission, and serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by an electrochemiluminescence binding assay.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMaternal sociodemographic characteristics and obstetric-medical factors, and adverse maternal and foetal outcomes were captured by using a data collection form. The data were analysed by logistic regression analysis at the univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels.ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum 25(OH)D concentration less than 20 ng/mL, was 40.2%. This was seen more among the Muslims (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.43, p value 0.004), members of the Banyankore tribe (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.36, p value 0.043) and primigravidae (OR 0.6 for women with parity of 1–4 compared with primigravidity, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.94, p value 0.028). Among adverse maternal outcomes, vitamin D deficiency was associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.10, p value <0.001), in particular gestational hypertension (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.94, p value 0.014), and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia/haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.45 to 6.08, p value 0.003), with increased preterm birth (OR of 4.0, 95% CI 1.78 to 10.84, p value<0.001) and with delivery of babies with low birth weight (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.63 to 13.62, p value 0.001).ConclusionsThe study found a high prevalence (40.2%) of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women delivering at St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency was linked with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes such as hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, preterm birth and low birth weight.
Effective interventions to prevent youth vaping behaviours: a rapid review
Authors: Belon Ana Paula , Nieuwendyk Laura , Allen Tasha , Worrell Melissa , Nykiforuk Candace I J 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo identify effective policies and non-policy interventions preventing youth vaping behaviour initiation and assess their effectiveness by the level of intrusiveness and subpopulations.DesignThis systematic rapid review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data sourcesSearches on MEDLINE and APA-PsycINFO for studies published between January 2019 and November 2023.Eligibility criteriaObservational, intervention or mixed-method studies and quantitative systematic reviews/meta-analyses measuring the impact of interventions on youth (6–18 years) who never vaped or who had experimentally vaped.Data extraction and synthesisA predesigned form was used to extract data. To classify interventions by levels of intrusiveness, we used thePLACE Research Lab Intervention Ladder Policy Analysis Framework. We applied PROGRESS-Plus (Place of residence, Race/ethnicity/culture/language, Occupation,Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital, and additional context-specific factors) for an equity analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool.Results20 studies were included: 45% were experiments or quasiexperiments, 85% reported data from the USA, 65% were non-policy interventions and 40% and 35% measured susceptibility and attitudes and behaviours related to vaping, respectively. Considering the level of intrusiveness, 45% of the studies provided information and 25% eliminated choices. Overall, the certainty of evidence was low. The effectiveness of interventions regarding their level of intrusiveness varied by each outcome. No clear pattern was found between the level of intrusiveness and intervention effectiveness, suggesting that overall, the studied interventions positively changed youth vaping behaviours. Some interventions had positive effects on multiple outcomes. Equity-related findings suggested that younger youth may be less responsive to the interventions. Recommendations for action are provided.ConclusionsWe suggest that combining multiple interventions targeting different levels of intrusiveness and outcomes may be more effective in preventing youth vaping behaviours. Also important is to tailor programmes to younger youth to better meet their needs.