bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Provitamin A Biofortified Maize Consumption on Carotenoid Status of Zambian Children
Authors: Craft Neal E , Palmer Amanda , Schulze Kerry , Chileshe Justin , Barffour Maxwell , Siamusantu Ward , Klemm Rolf , West Keith 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesProvitamin A carotenoid biofortified “orange” maize has been developed as a vitamin A deficiency control strategy using selective breeding for the β‐carotene hydroxylase‐1 gene, which increases β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin in the endosperm. We conducted a cluster‐randomized trial to test the impact of orange maize consumption (a predominantly β‐carotene‐rich variety) on serum retinol concentration in rural Zambian children (4–8 y). In the present analysis, we tested the intervention's impact on circulating carotenoids.MethodsChildren (n=1024, 4–8 y) were cluster‐randomized to receive 200 g dry weight/d orange or conventional “white” maize prepared with standardized low‐vitamin A relishes, 6 d/w for 6 m. The carotenoid profile was assessed in baseline and follow‐up serum samples in a subset (n=321 white, n=358 orange) of children. We assessed differences in log‐transformed carotenoids, expressed as geometric means and 95% confidence limits, accounting for cluster randomization.ResultsBaseline carotenoids did not differ between groups. There were no differences in lycopene and lutein between groups at follow‐up. Other carotenoids increased significantly (p<0.001) in orange vs white groups following the six‐month intervention: β‐carotene [273 (254,292) vs 147 (135,160) nmol/L], α‐carotene [19.7 (18.4,21.1) vs 10.6 (9.9,11.3) nmol/L], β‐cryptoxanthin [36.1 (33.6,38.8) vs 12.6 (11.8,13.5) nmol/L], α‐cryptoxanthin [18.7 (17.4,20.1) vs 8.9 (8.4,9.4) nmol/L], zeaxanthin [127 (119,135) vs 81 (75,88) nmol/L].ConclusionsChildren regularly consuming a biofortified maize variety bred primarily for β‐carotene had higher concentrations of other provitamin A carotenoids and zeaxanthin, suggesting the potential for health benefits beyond vitamin A deficiency control.Support or Funding InformationSupported by HarvestPlus.
Pregestational obesity may have an indirect effect on iron status during pregnancy considering the increase of gestational weight
Authors: Flores‐Quijano Maria Eugenia , López‐Alarcón Mardya , Muñoz‐Manrique Cinthya , Tolentino‐Dolores Maricruz 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of maternal pre pregnancy obesity on iron status during pregnancyMethodsA longitudinal study was carried out at the National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City during 2013–2014. The study protocol was approved by the Institutes' Research and Ethics Committees. A cohort of 92 non‐anemic pregnant women was followed. According to the WHO BMI categories, 39 women were classified as obese (Ob) (prepregnancy BMI ≥ 30) and 53 as with adequate weight (AW) (prepregnancy BMI 18.5–25) using self‐reported pregestational weight. Sociodemographic variables were registered at the first study visit. Weight and fasting blood samples were obtained at weeks 13, 20, 27 and 35 of gestation to determine serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) (ELISA R&D Systems). Weight changes between study visits (weight‐change deltas) were calculated subtracting the measured weight at a given visit from that at the previous visit (Δ1, first to second; Δ2 second to third; Δ3 third to fourth visits). The effect of pregestational obesity on the log‐transformed sTfR was assessed with a General Linear Model (STATA 12), which included gestational age, maternal age and parity as co‐variables. The model was done with and without weight‐change deltas.ResultsIn the total sample, age was 31.93±5.52y and 57.6% of women were primiparous; no difference between groups were detected. The weight‐change between visits was lower in Ob than in AW at Δ1 (0.253 ± 0.295 g vs. 0.379 ± 0.189 g, p=0.02), Δ2 (0.285 ± 0.300 g vs. 0.472 ± 0.200 g, p<0.001) and Δ3 (0.312 ± 0.299 g vs. 0.440 ± 0.287 g, p=0.08) respectively.Concentrations of sTfR increased as pregnancy progressed (coefficient = 0.062, CI95 = 0.034, 0.090, p<0.001), and with higher parity (coefficient = 0.094 95%CI 0.018, 0.171). The increase of sTfR was higher in women with pregestational obesity when weight‐change deltas were included in the model (0.122 95%CI −0.002, 0.248) (p=0.055).ConclusionsThese findings confirm that maternal iron status is affected by parity, and suggests that it may negatively be affected by pregestational obesity when by gestational weight gain is considered.Support or Funding InformationThe study was supported by the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes
Lipid‐Based Nutrient Supplement 2.0: Encapsulation of Oregano Essential Oil to address intestinal parasitic infections in Indian children
Authors: Gaur Shashank , Lopez Emely , Ojha Ankur , Shukla Dharmendra , Patel Pramthesh R , Andrade Juan E 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infection in one of the main causes of acute undernutrition in children. It alters the intestinal membrane integrity, induces inflammation, undermines nutrient absorption, and causes diarrheal nutrient losses. Oregano essential oil (OEO) is known to reduce intestinal parasitic infections when consumed orally, however, no study exists on their use as an ingredient in lipid‐based nutrient supplement (LNS) formulations. OEO is certified GRAS by FDA for food use; however, its therapeutic use as a supplement has been limited due to its unpleasant flavor, high volatility, and instability to heat and during digestion, all which reduce its effectiveness against intestinal parasites. The aim of this study was to develop a functional LNS containing OEO, which is stable, acceptable and provides controlled intestinal delivery of bioactive.MethodsEncapsulates of OEO‐beta cyclodextrin (OEO‐BCD) and carvacrol‐BCD (CV‐BCD) (1:1 molar) were prepared using the vacuum desiccator drying (‐20°C) technique and characterized based on encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, morphology, and a 3‐phase in‐vitro digestion stability. CV content was measured using reverse phase HPLC‐UV. LNS containing OEO‐BCD (27.2 mg encapsulate/ 20 g LNS) was formulated using Indian staples and ingredients. Discriminatory sensory tests (triangle) were performed with college students (n=58) and low‐income women (n=25), who were mothers of children <5 y age living in Mehsana, India to evaluate differences between LNS with and without bioactive ingredient (OEO‐BCD only).ResultsMoisture content of the dried encapsulates ranged from 9.6 to 10.2%. Encapsulation efficiency was 73.2±3.5% and 87.2±2.6% for OEO‐BCD and CV‐BCD, respectively. CV content of OEO was 0.58±0.01g/mL. Encapsulate complexes were stable throughout the oral, gastric and intestinal phases where CV release ranged from 7.7–11.65% and 10.71–14.86% for BCD‐CV and BCD‐OEO respectively. Unencapsulated OEO and CV (p<0.05) were labile to digestion and consistently degraded in the gastric phase at 34.9±3.4% and 41.6±2.8%, respectively, compared to the other phases. Sensory test with student and women revealed no differences (p>0.05) in color, aroma, and taste between LNS with and without BCD‐OEO complexes.ConclusionFunctionalization of LNS with encapsulated OEO is feasible based on in vitro stability and sensory studies. Future studies will address effects of functional LNS on parasite outcomes.Support or Funding InformationUDSA ‐ Hatch ILLU‐698‐904 | Indian Council of Agricultural Research International Fellowship, India | Office of International Programs, University of Illinois, Urbana‐Champaign
Zinc (Zn) Absorption from Micronutrient Powders (MNP) Is Low in Bangladeshi Toddlers with Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED)
Authors: Krebs Nancy F , Long Julie , Mondal Prasenjit , Westcott Jamie , Miller Leland , Islam Munir , Ahmed Mondar , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveEED has been suspected to impair absorption of micronutrients, including Zn, due to the abnormal small bowel mucosa. MNP interventions with 5 mg/sachet have generally not impacted Zn‐associated outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare Zn absorption across a wide range of MNP Zn doses in young children at risk of EED.MethodsBangladeshi children 18–24 mo old, with and without EED (by lactulose:mannitol test) were randomized to MNP with 0, 5, 10, or 15 mg (10 subjects/EED group/dose). Outcomes by EED status included fractional Zn absorption (FAZ) from MNP meal plus from unfortified meals, measured with stable isotopes by urine dual isotope tracer ratio method; total dietary Zn intake (TDZ, mg/d) by duplicate diet collections; and total absorbed Zn (TAZ, mg/d) by FAZ x TDZ. TAZ data were applied to saturation response model (SRM), and to estimated physiologic requirement (EPR, = 0.74 mg/d).ResultsFor the first 49 subjects, combined EED groups, mean (SD) TAZ for each MNP dose was: 0.52 (0.29), 0.72 (0.33), 0.96 (0.48), and 1.07 (0.44), respectively (p=0.006). Absorption followed SRM pattern, but overall curve was lower at all MNP doses than the curve for normal 9 month old breastfed U.S. infants (Figure). Only the mean TAZ for 10 and 15 mg MNP doses exceeded the EPR.ConclusionResults support impaired Zn absorption in young children risk for EED. Final data analysis will determine whether differences are detected between EED and non‐EED conditions. The results suggest a benefit of a Zn dose in MNP of > 5 mg.Support or Funding InformationSponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1113134
Effect of Early Market Introduction of Iodized Salt on Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in a Randomized Clinical Trial in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Husein , Marquis Grace , Aboud Frances , Bougma Karim , Harding Kimberly B , Samuel Aregash 
Published: November 2023

Iodine deficiency has been shown to lead to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. This study examined the effect of early introduction of iodized salt on pregnancy and birth outcomes in a moderately iodine deficient area. Sixty randomly selected districts across six zones in the Amhara region of Ethiopia were randomly assigned to receive the intervention (early access to iodized salt) or serve as the control (later access through normal market forces). One village each in twenty‐two of the intervention districts and 22 of the control districts was randomly selected for data collection. A total of 1220 pregnant women who conceived after the intervention began were assessed for their iodine and iron status, and their household salt was tested for iodine. Additional data were collected on their household socio‐demographic status and iodized salt, gestational history, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, and child nutritional status 2 to 13 months old after mothers gave birth. The mothers had an average age of 28 ± 6 y with low education (77% illiteracy), low household assets (42% scored <3 out of 10), and poor water and sanitation (61%). The median maternal urinary iodine concentration was adequate and significantly higher in the intervention communities than that of the controls (163 vs 121 μg/L, p<0.0001). Additionally, fewer pregnant women (28% vs 41%, p<0.05) and their children (13% vs 20%, p=0.06) had urinary iodine less than 50 μg/L in the intervention than control communities. After accounting for the effect of cluster and gestational history, the intervention did not significantly reduce miscarriages (OR (95% CI): 2.5 (0.9, 6.9)), stillbirths (OR (95% Cl): 1.0 (0.4, 2.8)), or infant mortality (OR (95%CI): 0.9 (0.5, 1.6)). Our inability to detect an effect of early access to iodized salt on birth outcomes may be due to (i) higher than expected access to iodized salt among the controls, (ii) lower than expected prevalence of poor birth outcomes, and (iii) inadequate sample size. The intervention improved pregnant women's iodine status and governments should pursue universal salt iodization program for the multiple known benefits.Support or Funding InformationSponsored by Micronutrient Initiative, Canada
Nutrition in Transition: Building Clinical Nutrition Capacity to Train Dietitians in Lao PDR
Authors: Cummings Joanna , Stadler Diane 
Published: November 2023

Lao PDR has some of the highest rates of undernutrition in the world. Nearly 36% of children under the age of five are stunted and 27% are underweight. Food taboos influencing maternal and child health, delayed initiation of breastfeeding, early introduction of complementary foods, and limited dietary diversity impact the country's nutritional profile. Although improvements in nutrition have been made, gaps remain. A unique collaboration between Oregon Health & Science University, Lao PDR Ministry of Health and the US Government has led to the innovative creation of the Lao‐American Nutrition Institute. The institute is charged with building capacity to train clinical nutritionists and dietitians in the country of Lao PDR. A rapidly growing population compounded with increasing double burden of disease, escalating rates of chronic disease, and on‐going acute and chronic malnutrition indicate an immediate need for dietitians to help improve access and diversity of healthful foods while driving innovation to guide policy development and implementation and scale up targeted nutrition interventions for the most vulnerable populations across the country. Challenges and successes encountered in cultivating champions of dietitians within the health care system, developing a culturally appropriate nutrition curriculum, recruiting the first cohort of established medical professionals to become the mentors and using a “train the trainer” model to build capacity and improve the health of all people in Lao will be discussed.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Lao Ministry of Health, OHSU Global ‐ SE Asia Foundation and the Vejdusit Foundation
Iron Content in Groundwater Associated with Anemia among Children 6–37 Months in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Wendt Amanda S , Waid Jillian L , Gabrysch Sabine 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesElevated iron content in groundwater has been cited as a significant dietary iron source. We explored this in order to further understand the etiology of anemia among children in the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition (FAARM) population.MethodsWe used baseline data from the FAARM cluster randomized trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02505711) collected in early 2015 among 1,133 children aged 6–37 months in 96 clusters. Levels of drinking water iron were measured by household member self‐report using a 4‐point scale (none, a little, medium, a lot), which was dichotomized into any or none.ResultsHalf of the children (51%) were anemic (mean hemoglobin: 10.8 g/dL) and 46% were stunted (mean Z‐score: −1.9). Only 23% of children ate a minimum adequate diet. Every second child (47%) lived in a household that reported iron in their drinking water. In a random‐effects logistic regression model, perceived iron in groundwater was negatively associated with anemia (aOR: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.50, 0.86) after adjusting for child age, iron‐rich food consumption, and household wealth. Iron‐rich food consumption was not significantly associated with anemia.ConclusionThese findings provide further evidence of the importance of groundwater iron intake. The effect in children was much stronger than in women of the same population where iron in drinking water was negatively associated with anemia only among those consuming an iron‐poor diet. These findings demonstrate the utility of asking perceived groundwater iron content as a simple method to assess iron in drinking water and should be considered in regions with groundwater iron.Support or Funding InformationThis trial is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and surveillance by DFID through the Nutrition Embedding Evaluation Programme (NEEP). The intervention is funded jointly by BMBF, and through the following private donations: the Carrefour Foundation, TWFA, and Best‐in‐Brands.
Assessing the reach of MyPlate in the U.S. population: An analysis using NHANES data
Authors: Raghavan Ramkripa , Schap TusaRebecca , Haven Jackie , Tagtow Angie 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) serves as a basis for developing federal nutrition education materials in the U.S. The MyPlate icon was released in 2011 as a tool to communicate 2010 DGA and help consumers make healthy choices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reach of MyPlate in the U.S. population and understand the characteristics of Americans that have heard about MyPlate.MethodsData from the NHANES (2013–2014) was used for this analysis. In the diet, behavior and nutrition component of NHANES, eligible respondents (n=6,464) over 16 years of age were asked three questions to ascertain their familiarity with MyPlate: 1) Have you heard of MyPlate; 2) Have you looked up MyPlate on the internet; and 3) Have you tried to follow the plan recommended in MyPlate. The survey also collected demographic, income, diet and health related information that was used in this analyses. Survey weights were used in the analysis to account for non‐response and over‐sampling.ResultsOne in five (20.2%) adolescents and adults in the U.S. had heard of MyPlate. Of these, a third looked up MyPlate on the internet (33.2%) and slightly over a third (35.3%) tried to follow the plans recommended in MyPlate. Within demographic characteristics of interest, familiarity varied. The groups more likely to have heard of MyPlate were for gender ‐ women (25.9%), age‐adolescents (30.6%), race‐ethnicity – non‐Hispanic White (23.5%), and income – those with higher incomes (28.0%). Self‐reported superior diet quality was correlated with reported awareness of MyPlate and their inclination to try recommendations tied to MyPlate recommendations. Healthy choices while eating away from home both in fast food/pizza places and restaurants was associated with reported familiarity of MyPlate. For example, those that had heard of MyPlate were more likely to have seen nutrition information on the menu and use that information to order foods in restaurants (50.5% vs. 39.2%; p value = 0.04) and fast food places (54% vs. 38.8%; p value = 0.003), when compared to those that had not heard of MyPlate. Familiarity with MyPlate was not correlated with recent participation in WIC or SNAP.ConclusionTwo years after the launch of MyPlate, one in five Americans had heard of MyPlate – the primary tool to communicate DGA. There may be a correlation between familiarity with MyPlate and other health‐seeking behaviors. Targeted efforts may be undertaken to disseminate MyPlate messaging to certain sub‐groups such as older adults, men, racial ethnic minorities and those of lower socio‐economic status to improve MyPlate's reach and amplify impact.Support or Funding InformationNone
Impacts on student fruit and vegetable consumption and snack participation in the Canned, Frozen, and Dried pilot project of the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP)
Authors: Niland Katherine , Gothro Andrew , Cannon Judith , Crepinsek Mary Kay , Washburn Liana , Melia Micah , Magness Allison , Briefel Ronette 
Published: November 2023

This congressionally mandated study of the Canned, Frozen, and Dried pilot project for the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP‐CFD) assessed the impact of the pilot on students' fruit and vegetable consumption and wastage, FFVP participation, and schools' implementation strategies. The pilot allowed, but did not require, elementary schools that reported problems with access to fresh fruits and vegetables (FVs) to offer CFD snacks in the FFVP in school year (SY) 2014–2015. The evaluation used a pre/post design, comparing data from the fall of 2014, when the standard FFVP was in place, to data from the spring of 2015, when the FFVP‐CFD pilot was in place. For an evaluation of the pilot, we collected student dietary recalls to measure detailed food and nutrient intake in‐school, a student survey to assess student attitudes on FFVP snacks and FV preferences, and we observed one week of FFVP snack offerings in 101 classrooms in 34 pilot schools in four pilot states (Alaska, Delaware, Kansas, and Maine) in both fall and spring of SY 2014–2015. Although FFVP‐CFD study findings are not generalizable to other schools in the FFVP nationwide, they do provide important information on students' attitudes and preferences for specific fruits and vegetables in selected small and rural schools in four pilot states, including Alaska, which is often excluded from national school nutrition evaluations. The final evaluation report is in clearance at USDA. It is anticipated that the report will be cleared by April 2017 and that we will present the impact findings for the first time publicly at EB 2017.Support or Funding InformationEvaluation funded by the Food and Nutrition Service, USDA.
Dietary Patterns Derived By Reduced Rank Regression Are Associated With Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: Livingstone Katherine M , McNaughton Sarah 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate associations between whole diet, or dietary patterns (DPs), and risk markers for cardiometabolic disease.MethodsAdults (n=2120; 19–85 years) were included from the cross‐sectional Australian Health Survey 2011–13. Two 24‐hour dietary recalls estimated food and nutrient intakes. Reduced rank regression derived DPs using fibre density (g/MJ), SFA: PUFA and sugars intake (%E) as response variables. Linear regression analyses present B coefficients (95% CI) for associations across tertiles of DPs and measures of adiposity (body mass index [BMI], body weight [BW] and waist circumference [WC]), metabolic markers (glycated haemoglobin, glucose, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL‐C and LDL‐C], and triglycerides [TAG]) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). An overall cardiometabolic risk score was estimated based on WC, HDL‐C, TAG, glucose and mean blood pressure.ResultsDP‐1, positively correlated with fibre intake and inversely correlated with SFA: PUFA and sugars intake, was characterised by higher intakes of wholegrain cereals, fruit and vegetables, and low‐fat milk and lower intakes of processed meat, confectionary and alcohol. DP‐1 was associated with lower BMI (−0.03; −0.04 to −0.01), BW (−0.03; −0.04 to −0.01) and WC (−0.03; −0.05 to −0.02). DP‐1 was not associated with metabolic markers, blood pressure or cardiometabolic risk score. DP‐2, positively correlated with fibre, SFA: PUFA and sugars intake, was characterised by higher intakes of wholegrain cereals, fruit and vegetables and low and high fat milk, and lower intakes of fish, snacks and alcohol. DP‐2 was associated with lower HDL‐C (−0.03; −0.05 to −0.01) and there was a trend towards lower DBP (−0.92; −1.89 to 0.06) and cardiometabolic risk score (−0.20; −0.41 to −0.01). DP‐1 was not associated with adiposity or other metabolic markers.ConclusionA high fibre and low SFA: PUFA and sugars DP was associated with lower adiposity, while a high fibre, SFA: PUFA and sugars DP was associated with lower metabolic markers and a trend towards lower blood pressure and overall cardiometabolic risk score. These findings suggest that there may be differing mechanisms through which dietary components, such as SFA, influence cardiometabolic risk. To account for these dietary complexities, public health policies would benefit from developing recommendations based on whole diets.Support or Funding InformationKML acknowledges support from the Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. SAM acknowledges support from the NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (ID1104636).