bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Related to the Incidence of Stunting in Fishermen's Children Aged 12-24 Months
Authors: Nurrizma Delsy , Sulatri Delmi , Muhammad Syamel 
Published: November 2023

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Stunting is a condition of growth failure in a child's body length of less than -2 standard deviations based on World Health Organization, standards due to manifestations of long-term malnutrition, recurrent infectious diseases, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. The research aims to determine the analysis of factors related to the incidence of stunting in children aged 12-24 months in the Air Bangis Health Center working area in 2020. The research is a Mix Method Study with a Sequential Explanatory design carried out in the Air Bangis Health Center Working Area in 2022. This research was conducted in the Air Bangis Health Center Work Area from November to February 2023. The research quantitatively conducted a Cross-Sectional Study on children aged 12-24 months, as many as 148 people and their mothers. Measurement of body length according to age, questionnaires for quantitative data, and in-depth interviews for qualitative data. The logistic regression test determines the most dominant variable that causes stunting. There is a significant relationship between food intake (p-value=0.042), sanitation (p-value=0.013), immunization status (p-value=0.117), and maternal education (p-value=0.095) on the incidence of stunting. There is no relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, infectious diseases, hygiene and family income. The most dominant factor is food intake, with value (POR=2.220). Based on the research results, it was found that the most dominant variable was food intake. It is recommended for mothers of toddlers to pay more attention to nutritional intake during pregnancy and breastfeeding and it is recommended for health workers to provide education in the form of health education about nutritious foods to prospective pregnant mothers to pay more attention to their nutritional intake.</em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: Intake, Nutrition, Sanitation, Stunting</em></strong>
Evidence of quality of life for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a scoping review
Authors: Webb Edward JD , King Natalie , Howdon Daniel , Carrol Enitan D , Euden Joanne , Howard Philip , Pallmann Philip , Llewelyn Martin J , Thomas-Jones Emma , Shinkins Bethany , Sandoe Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Background
Information on the quality of life of people hospitalised with COVID-19 is important, both in assessing the burden of disease and the cost-effectiveness of treatments. However, there were potential barriers to collecting such evidence.

Objective
To review the existing evidence on quality of life for people hospitalised with COVID-19, with a focus on the amount of evidence available and methods used.

Design
A scoping review with systematic searches.

Results
A total of 35 papers were selected for data extraction. The most common study type was economic evaluation (N = 13), followed by cross-sectional (N = 10). All economic evaluations used published utility values for other conditions to represent COVID-19 inpatients’ quality of life. The most popular quality-of-life survey measure was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (N = 8). There were 12 studies that used a mental health-related survey and 12 that used a sleep-related survey. Five studies used EQ-5D, but only one collected responses from people in the acute phase of COVID-19. Studies reported a negative impact on quality of life for people hospitalised with COVID-19, although many studies did not include a formal comparison group.

Limitations
Although it used systematic searches, this was not a full systematic review.

Conclusion
Quality-of-life data were collected from people hospitalised with COVID-19 from relatively early in the pandemic. However, there was a lack of consensus as to what survey measures to use, and few studies used generic health measures. Economic evaluations for COVID-19 treatments did not use utilities collected from people with COVID-19. In future health crises, researchers should be vigilant for opportunities to collect quality-of-life data from hospitalised patients but should try to co-ordinate as well as ensuring generic health measures are used more.

Funding
This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number NIHR132254.
CATALYSIS BY PHOSPHORUS (III) COMPOUNDS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ARYLAMIDES OF 3-OXY-2-NAPH-THOIIC ACID
Authors: Shteinberg Leon 
Published: November 2023

Arylamides of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid are widely used in the synthesis of dyes and pigments, as pesticides and medicines. Therefore, the development of new methods for their synthesis is an urgent task.
It has been found that catalysis by phosphorus trichloride and/or phosphorous acid (2 mol %) of acylation in refluxing ortho-xylene or ortho-chlorotoluene of arylamines with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid leads to the formation of the corresponding arylamides with a high, and often almost quantitatively yield. Substituted anilines, containing electron-bearing and electron-withdrawing substituents in ortho-, meta- and para-positions, successfully enter the reaction in an air atmosphere. The catalytic reaction of 1-naphthylamine and 5-aminobenzimidazolone with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid makes it possible to obtain in high yield, respectively, 1-naphthylamide of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and 5-(2'-hydroxy-3'-naphthoylamido)-2-benzi­midazolone only in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Based on the yield of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid arylamides over a certain time in the reaction catalyzed by phosphorous acid in ortho-xylene, the average initial amidation rates were calculated at a semi-quantitative level and their dependence on pKa of the corresponding arylamines was plotted in logarithmic coordinates, according to the Bronsted equation. The graph is a curved line with two maxima and one minimum, while arylamines containing electronwithdrawing substituents (4-Br; 3-F; 3-Br; 3-Cl) are the most reactive, and the most strongly basic 4-anisidine and weakly basic 3-nitroaniline are the least reactive.
Based on these data, as well as the results of the earlier interaction of substituted anilines with benzoic acid, catalyzed by polybutoxytitanates, and substituted benzoic acids and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid with aniline, catalyzed by phosphorus trichloride and phosphorous acid, under comparable conditions, a mechanism of amidation was proposed. It includes the formation in the first minutes of the reaction in situ of arylamine phosphite, which can act as a P=O–oxygennucleophilic catalyst, which forms the corresponding phosphite upon interaction with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, which is subsequently attacked by a free arylamine molecule to obtain arylamide 3-hyd­roxy-2-naphthoic acid. In addition to the basicity of arylamine at the stage of nucleo­phi­lic attack, the reaction rate can be affected by its oxidation as such and the phosphite formed by it with atmospheric oxygen, unproductive binding of arylamine into a salt or H-complex with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, participation of the final target product in amido-imide rearrangement with further inhibition of cata­lysis by the resulting imide form.
Ways to optimize absorption processes as basis for nutritional treatment of gastroenterological pathology
Authors: Kostyuchenko L. N. , Vasina T. A. , Lychkova A. E. 
Published: November 2023

Nutritional support is an important component of treatment in gastroenterology. This type of therapy is directly related to digestive and transport processes.The aim. To investigate the possibility of optimizing the absorption processes in the small intestine when using various natural formulations for enteral alimentation.Results. It is shown that the optimal degree of condensation of drugs is 4: 1. Inside the dry residue, you can change the ratio of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. It is advisable to use hydrolytic digestive enzymes including the ﬂokozim created by us. Antibacterial agents based on lactobacilli are also advisable.Conclusions. 1) The optimal medium for suction is chyme. 2) The mixture should contain no more than 80% water and about 20% dry residue. 3) Floccules are the basis for the creation of the drug ﬂokozim 4) Lactotherapy based on optimized mixtures for enteral.
Venture Capital Law Renewal: A Solution for Business Convenience and Legal Certainty in Indonesia
Authors: Adhie Aryasatya Justicio , Suwandono Agus , Yuanitasari Deviana 
Published: November 2023

Investing, for example, using venture funds, can now be done easily. Venture funds are raised by venture capital companies and given to investee companies. Problems can arise when the venture capital company does not have a license to operate but carries out activities as if it has a permit. Of course, this can have legal consequences for venture fund investors, investee companies, and venture capital companies. Another problem concerns the legal certainty of venture capital companies for foreigners who wish to invest in Indonesia; foreigners need to be able to judge the appropriateness of the legal products governing venture capital companies. This article is intended to determine the legal consequences facing unlicensed venture capital companies and the legal certainty for foreign investors. This research method uses a normative juridical method by conducting a literature study on the provisions of venture capital companies in Indonesia. Article VCC in Indonesia has contributed to the Indonesian economy by helping businesses grow. However, this growth must be in line with the harmonization of regulations regarding venture law and investment in Indonesia in order to provide legal certainty to prospective investors.
Causal associations between gut microbiota, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and cerebrovascular diseases: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lin Dihui , Zhu Yingjie , Tian Zhi , Tian Yong , Liang Chengcai , Peng Xiaowei , Li Jinping , Wu Xinrui 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundMounting evidence has demonstrated the associations between gut microbiota, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). The major categories of CVD are ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the causal relationship is still unclear.MethodsA two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted leveraging the summary data from genome-wide association studies. The inverse variance-weighted, maximum likelihood, weighted median, and MR.RAPS methods were performed to detect the causal relationship. Several sensitivity analyses were carried out to evaluate potential horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Finally, reverse MR analysis was conducted to examine the likelihood of reverse causality, and multivariable MR was performed to adjust the potential confounders.ResultsWe collected 1,505 host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to 119 gut microbiota traits and 1,873 host SNPs associated with 81 gut metabolite traits as exposure data. Among these, three gut bacteria indicated an elevated risk of IS, two of ICH, and one of SAH. In contrast, five gut bacteria were associated with a reduced risk of IS, one with ICH, and one with SAH. Our study also demonstrated the potential causal associations between 11 gut microbiota-derived metabolites and CVD.ConclusionsThis study provided evidence of the causal relationship between gut microbiota, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and CVD, thereby offering novel perspectives on gut biomarkers and targeted prevention and treatment for CVD.
The detection and phylogenetic characterization of Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, and Giardia duodenalis of cats in South Korea
Authors: Yun Chi Sun , Moon Bo-Youn , Lee Kichan , Kang Su Min , Ku Bok-Kyung , Hwang Mi-Hye 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionCryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, and Giardia duodenalis are gastrointestinal protozoa parasites that cause diarrhea in various animals. However, information regarding the detection and phylogenetic characterization of gastrointestinal protozoa parasites in cats is limited throughout South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the detection and identify subspecies of gastrointestinal protozoa parasites in cats from South Korea. MethodsA total of 290 fecal samples were collected from stray, companion, and shelter cats in six provinces. Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, and G. duodenalis were identified by PCR. All positive samples were subtyped by PCR and sequencing of gp60, ITS-1, tpi, bg, and gdh. ResultsThe overall detection of gastrointestinal protozoan parasitic infection was 17.93%. G. duodenalis was the most prevalent, with 7.93%, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (7.24%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (4.48%). In addition, C. felis (n=10), C. parvum (n=2), C. ryanae (n=1), Cystoisospora felis (n=14), Cystoisospora suis (n=5), Cystoisospora ohioensis (n=1), Cystoisospora spp. were identified in subspecies analysis of positive samples. C. felis showed a significant association with diarrhea (7.81%) and living condition (6.04%), and Cystoisospora felis in diarreha (9.38%) according to detection. Through phylogenetic analysis of the tpi, bg, and gdh genes from 23 G. duodenalispositive samples, it was confirmed that the samples of present study belonged to assemblage A, B, C, and D. DiscussionSouth Korean cats have a high rate of gastrointestinal protozoan parasites infection with cat-specific Cryptosporidium and Cystoisospora, which are associated with living conditions and diarrhea symptoms. Moreover, zoonotic and other animal-specific subtype of protozoan parasites have been detected in cat feces.
The gender divide in digital competence: a cross-sectional study on university students in southwestern Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Tanvir , Akter Shahinur , Nishu Nishana Afrin , Khan Lubaba , Shuha Tasnia Tahsin , Jahan Nusrat , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Khatun Mst. Taslima 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionA persistent gender divide in digital competence is visible empirically in both developed and developing countries. But there is not a single study in the context of Bangladesh, as per the author’s best knowledge. This study, therefore, was designed to find out the gender divide in the digital competence of university students with reference to socioeconomic background.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out in a public university of Bangladesh, where data were collected from 1,059 students using a semi-structured interview schedule, where digital competence was measured by computer application usage (CAU) and computer self-efficacy (CSe), with overall reliability of 0.840 and 0.960, respectively. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistic v25, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used to determine the differences between students regarding digital competence.ResultsFindings from ANOVA suggested that older students, in terms of age (p &lt; 0.001 for CAU and p &lt; 0.001 for CSe) and levels of education (p &lt; 0.001 for CAU and p &lt; 0.001 for CSe), were more digitally competent. Likewise, students of Management and Business school (p &lt; 0.001 for CAU and p &lt; 0.001 for CSe) and from higher SES (p &lt; 0.001 for CAU and p &lt; 0.001 for CSe) were better off in digital competence. Regarding the gender divide, it is apparent that male students, irrespective of age (p &lt; 0.001 for CAU and p &lt; 0.001 for CSe), levels of education (p &lt; 0.001 for CAU and p &lt; 0.001 for CSe), school (p &lt; 0.001 for CAU and p &lt; 0.001 for CSe), and SES (p &lt; 0.001 for CAU and p &lt; 0.001 for CSe), were more digitally competent than their female counterparts.ConclusionIt is, therefore, strongly recommended to educators and policymakers to reduce long-established gender stereotypes by implementing gender-specific training and educational guidelines to create a generation of knowledgeable and skillful workforce.
Study on the biodegradation of phenol by Alcaligenes faecalis JH1 immobilized in rice husk biochar
Authors: Li Manzhi , Xiao Jiahui , Zeng Zhi , Zhang Taiping , Ren Yuan 
Published: November 2023

Immobilized microbial technology is a sustainable solution to reduce water pollution. Understanding the microorganisms in immobilized biochar is critical for the removal of contaminants in water. Biochar as a carrier of microorganisms, there are some problems need to be focused on, microporous structure blockage limiting the contact between microorganisms and pollutants for further degradation, unstable microbial loading, and low cycle times. To solve these problems, Alcaligenes faecalis was immobilized with rice hull biochar to study its adsorption and degradation characteristics of phenol. It was found that A. faecalis JH1 could effectively remove 300 mg/L of phenol within 24 h. The adsorption capacity of rice husk biochar for phenol increased with the increasing pyrolysis temperature (700 &gt; 500&gt;300°C). The immobilized biomass of JH1 from 700°C rice husk biochar reached 249.45 nmol P/g at 24 h of fixation reaction. It was found that the phenol removal rate of JH1 immobilized at all temperature biochar reached 300 mg/L within 12 h after the sixth cycle. As the number of cycles increased, bacteria grew and adhered to the biochar, forming a thick viscous biofilm and accelerating the removal of phenol. The results showed that A. faecalis could firmly adhere to rice hull biochar and degrade phenol effectively, with good durability and cyclicity.
A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study of sarcopenia-related traits and inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Jiao Xin , Wu Wen-yu , Zhan Shao-feng , Liu Jian-bo , Zhang Xian-jin 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence pointing to a close relationship between sarcopenia and inflammatory bowel disease. However, it remains unclear whether or in which direction causal relationships exist, because these associations could be confounded.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis using data from European genome-wide association studies of the appendicular lean mass(n = 450,243), walking pace(n = 459,915), grip strength (left hand, n = 461,026; right hand, n = 461,089), inflammatory bowel disease (25,042 patients and 34,915 controls), ulcerative colitis (12,366 patients and 33,609 controls), and Crohn’s disease (12,194 patients and 28,072 controls) to investigate the causal relationship between sarcopenia-related traits and inflammatory bowel disease and its subtypes on each other. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analysis method to assess the causality, and a comprehensive sensitivity test was conducted.ResultsGenetically predicted appendicular lean mass was significantly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (OR = 0.916, 95%CI: 0.853–0.984, P = 0.017), ulcerative colitis (OR =0.888, 95%CI: 0.813–0.971, P = 0.009), and Crohn’s disease (OR = 0.905, 95%CI: 0.820–0.999, P = 0.049). Similar results also revealed that the usual walking pace was causally associated with Crohn’s disease (OR = 0.467, 95%CI: 0.239–0.914, P = 0.026). Reverse mendelian randomization analysis results found that genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease, and Crohn’s disease were associated with lower appendicular lean mass. A series of sensitivity analyses ensured the reliability of the present research results.ConclusionThe mendelian randomization study supports a bidirectional causality between inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease and appendicular lean mass, but no such bidirectional causal relationship was found in ulcerative colitis. In addition, genetically predicted usual walking pace may reduce the risk of Crohn’s disease. These findings have clinical implications for sarcopenia and inflammatory bowel disease management.
Ideal body weight-based determination of minimum oral calories beneficial to function and survival in ALS
Authors: Nakamura Ryutaro , Kurihara Mika , Kobashi Shuhei , Tamaki Yoshitaka , Ogawa Nobuhiro , Kitamura Akihiro , Yamakawa Isamu , Bamba Shigeki , Terashima Tomoya , Urushitani Makoto 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThis study sought to identify the optimal caloric intake to improve function and survival in ALS patients by comparing oral intake per ideal body weight (IBW) and its discrepancy with total energy expenditure (TEE) using the Shimizu formula.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 104 ALS patients was conducted, categorizing them based on their average intake during the first week after admission using two primary intake cutoffs: 25 kcal/kgIBW and 30 kcal/kgIBW. The variance between oral intake and TEE was also evaluated using −300 kcal and 0 kcal as reference points.ResultsOral caloric intake per IBW and functional decline rate (rs = −0.35, p &lt; 0.001), but the variance from TEE was not significantly correlated (−0.11, p = 0.27). Survival data showed that patients consuming less than 25 kcal/kgIBW had a median survival of 24 months, increasing to 38 months for those consuming between 25–30 kcal/kgIBW and 63 months for those consuming 30 kcal/kgIBW or more. Deviations from the TEE did not significantly affect survival (p = 0.36). Among patients consuming less than their TEE, those consuming less than 25 kcal/kgIBW had a shorter median survival (24 months) compared to their counterparts (46 months) (p = 0.022). Consumption of less than 25 kcal/kgBW emerged as a significant negative predictor of patient outcome, independent of factors such as age, gender or disease progression.DiscussionIntakes of 25 kcal/kgIBW or more are correlated with improved ALS outcomes, and larger, multi-regional studies are recommended for deeper insights.