bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Postapproval Clinical Trial of Integra® Dermal Regeneration Template for Burn Treatment
Authors: Heimbach David M. , Warden Glenn D. , Luterman Arnold , Jordan Marion H. , Ozobia Nathan , Ryan Colleen M. , Voigt David W. , Hickerson William L. , Saffle Jeffrey R. , DeClement Frederick A. , Sheridan Robert L. , Dimick Alan R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The safety and effectiveness of Integra® Dermal Regeneration Template was evaluated in a postapproval study involving 216 burn injury patients who were treated at 13 burn care facilities in the United States. The mean total body surface area burned was 36.5% (range, 1–95%). Integra® was applied to fresh, clean, surgically excised burn wounds. Within 2 to 3 weeks, the dermal layer regenerated, and a thin epidermal autograft was placed. The incidence of invasive infection at Integra®-treated sites was 3.1% (95% confidence interval, 2.0–4.5%) and that of superficial infection 13.2% (95% confidence interval, 11.0–15.7%). Mean take rate of Integra® was 76.2%; the median take rate was 95%. The mean take rate of epidermal autograft was 87.7%; the median take rate was 98%. This postapproval study further supports the conclusion that Integra® is a safe and effective treatment modality in the hands of properly trained clinicians under conditions of routine clinical use at burn centers.
Burns Caused by Carburetors
Authors: Still Joseph , Law Edward , Orlet Hermann , Wilson Joan 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
During a 10-year period 4645 patients were admitted to the Joseph M. Still Burn Center with acute burns. Of these, 83 (1.79%) were caused by carburetor-related accidents. There were 79 males and 4 females. Ages ranged from 10 to 72 years. Burn size ranged from 1 to 97.5% (mean, 12.3%). There was one death in the group. Eighteen patients required only topical care; 65 patients required a total of 108 operations for debridement and grafting. Length of stay ranged from 1 to 63 days (mean, 11 days). The mechanism of injury was usually the same; in 81 cases the accident occurred while someone was pouring gasoline into a carburetor. In 63 cases the vehicle was an automobile or pickup truck. Explosions resulted in 12 instances; in 65 instances fires were started. These injuries are serious, expensive, fairly common, and may be life threatening. Proper handling of gasoline is stressed. Newer vehicles have fuel injector systems, which may gradually eliminate the problem over time, because pouring gasoline is not required.
Relationship of 133Xe Cerebral Blood Flow to Middle Cerebral Arterial Flow Velocity in Men at Rest
Authors: Clark James M. , Skolnick Brett E. , Gelfand Robert , Farber Roger E. , Stierheim Maria , Stevens W. Craig , Beck George , Lambertsen Christian J. 
Published: November 2003

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by 133Xe clearance simultaneously with the velocity of blood flow through the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) over a wide range of arterial PCO2 in eight normal men. Average arterial PCO2, which was varied by giving 4% and 6% CO2 in O2 and by controlled hyperventilation on O2, ranged from 25.3 to 49.9 mm Hg. Corresponding average values of global CBF15 were 27.2 and 65.0 ml 100 g min−1, respectively, whereas MCA blood-flow velocity ranged from 42.8 to 94.2 cm/s. The relationship of CBF to MCA blood-flow velocity over the imposed range of arterial PCO2 was described analytically by a parabola with the equation: [Formula: see text] The observed data indicate that MCA blood-flow velocity is a useful index of CBF response to change in arterial PCO2 during O2 breathing at rest. With respect to baseline values measured while breathing 100% O2 spontaneously, percent changes in velocity were significantly smaller than corresponding percent changes in CBF at increased levels of arterial PCO2 and larger than CBF changes at the lower arterial PCO2. These observed relative changes are consistent with MCA vasodilation at the site of measurement during exposure to progressive hypercapnia and also during extreme hyperventilation hypocapnia.
Comparative Study of Two Systems of Delivering Supplemental Protein With Standardized Tube Feedings
Authors: Luther Heidi , Barco Kathy , Chima Cinda , Yowler Charles J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Burn patients often require protein supplementation for their nutritional support. Although these are often added to a commercial formula, published standards recommend a 4-hr hang time for manipulated open-system formulas in comparison with 24 hr for unopened closed systems. We hypothesized that use of standard closed-system formulas with the addition of protein flushes via the feeding tube twice daily would reduce nursing time and increase satisfaction. A pilot study included a time study comparing the two methods and a nursing satisfaction questionnaire. Management of an open system consistent with national standards took almost twice as much nursing time daily as the closed system with supplemental protein flushes (36.6 ± 17.1 min vs 18.6 ± 3.6 min;P = .051). Sixteen of 17 nurses preferred the closed system with protein flush. The results of this study were used to support expansion of the protocol change throughout the hospital.
Burns in Southern Turkey: Electrical Burns Remain a Major Problem
Authors: Nursal T. Z. , Yildirim S. , Tarim A. , Caliskan K. , Ezer A. , Noyan T. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
In Turkey, burns represent a relatively small number of injuries overall, but they continue to be a major public health problem. Our aim in this study was to identify risk factors that affect outcome in burn patients hospitalized in the southern part of our country, with special emphasis on electrical burns. The database for 109 burn patients who were admitted to our burn center from April, 2000, through August, 2001, was retrospectively analyzed. Electrical injury was the cause of burn in 23 (21%) of the 109 cases. The burn causes differed among age groups and between the sexes, with males constituting 95% of the electrical burn patients. The mortality rate for the electrical burn group was lower than the rate for the rest of the burn patients (1/23 vs 17/86, respectively; P &lt; .001); however, the opposite was true for complication rate (10/23 vs 5/86, respectively; P &lt; .001), cost of treatment ($US 8351 vs $US 5122, respectively; P = .009), and length of hospital stay (39.9 vs 26.2 days, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). The rate of electrical burn injury in Turkey has changed very little in the past two decades. This underlines the need for stronger efforts aimed at prevention, such as better public education and strict regulations regarding the distribution and use of electricity.
Role of Thymus Oil in Burn Wound Healing
Authors: Dursun Nurcan , Liman Narin , Özyazgan İrfan , Güneş Işin , Saraymen Recep 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Thymus oil and its components are becoming increasingly popular as naturally occurring antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The real importance of thymus on nitric oxide (NO) is unknown. NO is an important mediator in numerous physiologic and pathophysiologic events. Stasis and thrombosis in burn wound can progress as a result of the release of local mediators. The implication of NO in burn injury is not well studied. In this study, we tried to determine the role of burn-induced NO and whether thymus oil plays a protective role after a thermal injury. Rats were divided into five groups. We topically applied thymus oil, olive oil, and silverdin and sulfadiazine on the rats, respectively, during a period of 21 days after they were burned while under anesthesia. The burned control group and nonburned control group did not receive any treatment. The results of this study show that NO was overproduced by thermal injury and decreased during the days after burn injury. The decrease in rats treated with thymus and sulfadiazine was higher than the others. These data indicate that thymus oil may serve as a protective agent to the damaged tissues by decreasing the NO level. Histologic examination results show that the formation of new tissue in rats receiving thymus oil was more than other burned groups, and this finding supports our hypothesis.
An Unusual Cause of Burn Injury: Skin Exposure to Monochloroacetic Acid
Authors: Pirson J. , Toussaint P. , Segers N. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Chemical burns can be complicated by the absorption of some of the toxic products through the skin and a subsequent systemic toxicity. We report here the case of a 3-year-old child who was accidentally exposed to monochloroacetic acid and sent to our burn unit with second-degree burn wounds. Regardless of the entry route, monochloroacetic is rapidly and very effectively absorbed and induces a severe toxic syndrome. In the case of skin resorption, the severity of the intoxication is directly related to the area of the contaminated skin contaminated with fatalities when the exposure level reaches more than 5% of the body surface. In the case of a chemical burn with a suspicion of systemic toxicity or in case of burn with an unusual product, the correct attitude is to contact a poison information center, to immediately wash the exposed skin, and to start treating the systemic toxicity as soon as possible. The availability of specific antidotes in the case of unusual poisoning can be a problem.
Effects of Enhanced Patient Education on Compliance With Silicone Gel Sheeting and Burn Scar Outcome: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: So Ken , Umraw Nisha , Scott Jeff , Campbell Kent , Musgrave Melinda , Cartotto Robert 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether enhanced patient education increases compliance with silicone gel sheeting (SGS) on hypertrophic (HT) scars and to determine whether this results in any improvement in scar outcome. Outpatients with a HT burn scar were randomized to either a conventional education group (CEG), which received routine instruction on the use of SGS or to an enhanced education Group (EEG), which also received routine instruction, along with a detailed 5-page handout and a 26-minute videotape. The CEG (n = 12, 67% male, age 38 ± 10 years) and the EEG (n = 13, 77% male, age 47 ± 10 years) were followed monthly for 6 months. Subjects in the EEG wore SGS for 21.8 ± 3.0 hr/day compared with only 10.1 ± 7.5 hr/day of use in the CEG (P &lt; .001). Scars in the EEG had significantly better Vancouver Scar Scale ratings for pigmentation (P = .02), height (P = .03), and pliability (P = .02) by 6 months. Patients in the EEG had significantly better subjective ratings for the parameters of scar itch (P = .01), color (P = .02), hardness (P = .01), and elevation (P = .01). Finally, scars in the EEG had significantly better ratings for border height (P = .002) and thickness (P = .01) at 6 months based on evaluation of digital photographs. Detailed multimedia patient education improves compliance with SGS and results in a better scar outcome.
A Thirty-Year Review of Oral Appliances Used to Manage Microstomia, 1972 to 2002
Authors: Dougherty M. E. , Warden G. D. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Patients who have sustained a facial burn often contend with cosmetic and functional challenges, including microstomia. Many devices have been created by a variety of professionals to provide oral stretching. These devices can be classified as intraoral or extraoral and deliver a stretch either horizontally, vertically, or circumorally. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of oral-stretching devices.
Home Oxygen Therapy: Adjunct or Risk Factor?
Authors: Robb Bruce W. , Hungness Eric S. , Hershko Dan D. , Warden Glenn D. , Kagan Richard J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The use of home oxygen therapy has become increasingly commonplace and is frequently prescribed by medical specialists. In this study, we have identified a generally unexpected risk of home oxygen therapy. We performed a retrospective review of 3673 consecutive patients treated at our adult burn center over a 10-year period from 1992 to 2001. We identified 27 patients with burns directly attributable to oxygen therapy and also noted an increased incidence of these injuries over the study period. The average age of the patients was 68.1 ± 9.2 years (range, 40–82 years). Twenty-three were using oxygen at home, three in nursing homes, and one was an inpatient in an acute care facility. Twenty-five patients (93%) were receiving oxygen therapy for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Twenty-four patients (89%) were smoking while using oxygen, two were lighting pilot lights, and one was lighting his wife's cigarette. Four patients (15%) sustained burns greater than 10% TBSA. Seventeen patients (63%) had only partial thickness burns. Thirteen patients (48%) required admission for treatment of their burn injuries. The average length of stay for those admitted was 4.4 days. The average hospital charge for admitted patients was $8055. There were four deaths (15%), all of which were correlated only with the extent of injury. Although intuitively obvious to most health care professionals, not all patients understand that oxygen therapy and cigarettes or open flame can result in a significant injury. Although some practitioners have advocated not prescribing home oxygen for those who continue to smoke, an alternative means of reducing the incidence of this preventable complication appears warranted. Prevention efforts should focus on the counseling of patients and their caregivers as well as educating primary care physicians, nurses, and home health providers as to the dangers of oxygen use.
Analysis of the biologic functions of H- and L-ferritins in HeLa cells by transfection with siRNAs and cDNAs: evidence for a proliferative role of L-ferritin
Authors: Cozzi Anna , Corsi Barbara , Levi Sonia , Santambrogio Paolo , Biasiotto Giorgio , Arosio Paolo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe describe the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to down-regulate H- and L-ferritin levels in HeLa cells. siRNAs repressed H- and L-ferritin expression to about 20% to 25% of the background level in both stable and transient transfections. HeLa cells transfected with H- and L-ferritin cDNAs were analyzed in parallel to compare the effects of ferritin up- and down-regulation. We found that large modifications of L-ferritin levels did not affect iron availability in HeLa cells but positively affected cell proliferation rate in an iron-independent manner. The transient down-regulation of H-ferritin modified cellular iron availability and resistance to oxidative damage, as expected. In contrast, the stable suppression of H-ferritin in HeLa cell clones transfected with siRNAs did not increase cellular iron availability but made cells less resistant to iron supplementation and chelation. The results indicate that L-ferritin has no direct effects on cellular iron homeostasis in HeLa cells, while it has new, iron-unrelated functions. In addition, they suggest that H-ferritin function is to act as an iron buffer.
Among circulating hematopoietic cells, B-CLL uniquely expresses functional EPAC1, but EPAC1-mediated Rap1 activation does not account for PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis
Authors: Tiwari Sanjay , Felekkis Kyriacos , Moon Eun-Yi , Flies Amanda , Sherr David H. , Lerner Adam 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Type 4 cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors and other agents that raise intracellular cAMP levels induce apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) but not in T-CLL or peripheral blood T cells. Two principal effector proteins for cAMP are protein kinase A (PKA) and EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), a Rap guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP) exchange factor. We here examine whether varying expression of EPAC accounts for the discrepant sensitivity of B-CLL and T cells to PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. B-CLL and peripheral blood B cells express EPAC1 transcript, whereas T-CLL, peripheral blood T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils do not. Treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram induces Rap1 activation in B-CLL cells but not in peripheral blood B cells, T-CLL, or any of the normal hematopoietic lineages examined. The EPAC-specific cAMP analog 8CPT-2Me-cAMP (8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine-3′,5′-cAMP) activates Rap1 in B-CLL cells, but, unlike rolipram/forskolin or 8-Bromo-cAMP, it does not induce PKA activation, as judged by phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). Unexpectedly, whereas rolipram/forskolin and 8-Bromo-cAMP induce apoptosis in B-CLL cells, 8CPT-2Me-cAMP decreased basal apoptosis in B-CLL cells by an average of 25% (P &lt; .002). Our results demonstrate that B-CLL cells uniquely activate Rap1 in response to PDE4 inhibitors and suggest that physiologic stimuli that activate EPAC may transmit an antiapoptotic signal. (Blood. 2004;103:2661-2667)
Severe hypodysfibrinogenemia in compound heterozygotes of the fibrinogen AαIVS4 + 1G&gt;T mutation and an AαGln328 truncation (fibrinogen Keokuk)
Authors: Lefebvre Phil , Velasco Pauline T. , Dear Amy , Lounes Karim C. , Lord Susan T. , Brennan Stephen O. , Green David , Lorand Laszlo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTwo siblings with hypofibrinogenemia have lifelong trauma-related bleeding. Recently, the brother experienced recurrent thrombosis after cryoprecipitate infusions following surgery. The sister had 6 miscarriages. Plasma clots in each were resistant to compression and fibrinolysis and were soluble in 5 M urea. Examination by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed only the presence of crosslinked γ–γ fibrin chain dimers without high polymers of αn. Fibrin clots contained an abnormal 35-kDa constituent recognized by an antibody to the mature fibrinogen Aα–chain residues 241-476 but not by antibodies to Aα219-348 or Aα349-406. DNA analysis revealed a heterozygous CAA → TAA mutation at the codon for amino acid 328 of the Aα gene in these siblings and 2 asymptomatic family members. The Gln328stop mutation (fibrinogen Keokuk) predicted a 46% truncation and the production of a 35-kDa Aα chain. Analysis of purified fibrinogen revealed expression of the abnormal Aα chain in 4 family members but found no normal fibrinogen in the 2 hypofibrinogenemic patients. This paradox was resolved when they and their asymptomatic mother were found to be heterozygous for a second Aα mutation, a GT → TT splice site mutation in intron 4 (IVS4 + 1 G&gt; T). However, compound heterozygosity for both mutations was required for the expression of severe hypodysfibrinogenemia and for clinical symptoms.
Antibody-targeted chemotherapy with CMC-544: a CD22-targeted immunoconjugate of calicheamicin for the treatment of B-lymphoid malignancies
Authors: DiJoseph John F. , Armellino Douglas C. , Boghaert Erwin R. , Khandke Kiran , Dougher Maureen M. , Sridharan Latha , Kunz Arthur , Hamann Philip R. , Gorovits Boris , Udata Chandrasekhar , Moran Justin K. , Popplewell Andrew G. , Stephens Sue , Frost Philip , Damle Nitin K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAntibody-targeted chemotherapy with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CMA-676, a CD33-targeted immunoconjugate of N-acetyl-γ-calicheamicin dimethyl hydrazide [CalichDMH], a potent DNA-binding cytotoxic antitumor antibiotic) is a clinically validated therapeutic option for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we describe the preclinical profile of another immunoconjugate of CalichDMH, CMC-544, targeted to CD22 expressed by B-lymphoid malignancies. CMC-544 comprises a humanized IgG4 anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody (mAb), G5/44, covalently linked to CalichDMH via an acid-labile 4-(4′-acetylphenoxy) butanoic acid (AcBut) linker. Both CMC-544 and unconjugated G5/44 bound human CD22 with subnanomolar affinity. CMC-544, but not unconjugated G5/44, exerted potent cytotoxicity against CD22+ B-cell lymphoma (BCL) cell lines (inhibitory concentration of 50%: 6-600 pM CalichDMH). CMC-544 caused a potent inhibition of growth of small but established BCL xenografts leading to cures (therapeutic index &gt; 10). CMC-544 prevented the establishment of BCL xenografts and also caused regression of large BCLs (&gt; 1.5 g tumor mass). In contrast, unconjugated CalichDMH, unconjugated G5/44, and an isotype-matched control conjugate, CMA-676, were ineffective against these BCL xenografts. Thus, CD22-targeted delivery of CalichDMH is a potent and effective preclinical therapeutic strategy for BCLs. The strong antitumor profile of CMC-544 supports its clinical evaluation as a treatment option for B-lymphoid malignancies.
Cause-effect relation between hyperfibrinogenemia and vascular disease
Authors: Kerlin Bryce , Cooley Brian C. , Isermann Berend H. , Hernandez Irene , Sood Rashmi , Zogg Mark , Hendrickson Sara B. , Mosesson Michael W. , Lord Susan , Weiler Hartmut 
Published: November 2003

AbstractElevated plasma levels of fibrinogen are associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease, but it is controversial whether elevated fibrinogen causally imparts an increased risk, and as such is a true modifier of cardiovascular disease, or is merely associated with disease. By investigating a transgenic mouse model of hyperfibrinogenemia, we show that elevated plasma fibrinogen concentration (1) elicits augmented fibrin deposition in specific organs, (2) interacts with an independent modifier of hemostatic activity to regulate fibrin turnover/deposition, (3) exacerbates neointimal hyperplasia in an experimental model of stasis-induced vascular remodeling, yet (4) may suppress thrombin generation in response to a procoagulant challenge. These findings provide direct experimental evidence that hyperfibrinogenemia is more than a by-product of cardiovascular disease and may function independently or interactively to modulate the severity and/or progression of vascular disease.
ICSBP is critically involved in the normal development and trafficking of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells
Authors: Schiavoni Giovanna , Mattei Fabrizio , Borghi Paola , Sestili Paola , Venditti Massimo , Morse Herbert C. , Belardelli Filippo , Gabriele Lucia 
Published: November 2003

AbstractInterferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP) is a transcription factor belonging to the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, recently shown to play a critical role in dendritic cell (DC) differentiation. Here, we analyzed the role of ICSBP in the development and trafficking of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal DCs and the implications for initiation of a competent immune response. ICSBP-/- mice exhibited a reduced frequency of LCs and a delayed mobility of DCs from skin that reflected a slower turnover rate in lymph nodes during steady-state conditions. Even under inflammatory changes, ICSBP-/- DCs displayed reduced mobility from skin to lymph nodes and, as a consequence, failed to induce a contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response, suggesting that these DCs were unable to initiate a competent antigen (Ag)–specific T-cell–mediated immunity. Moreover, bone marrow (BM)–derived DCs from ICSBP-/- mice exhibited an immature phenotype and a severe reduction of interleukin 12 (IL-12) expression. These BM DCs also showed a marked defect in their migratory response to macrophage inflammatory protein 3α (MIP-3α), MIP-3β, and the CC chemokine CCL21/6Ckine, which was paralleled by an impaired expression of the CC chemokine receptors, CCR6 and CCR7. Together, these results indicate that ICSBP is critically required for the development and trafficking of skin DCs, thus playing a critical role in the DC-mediated initiation of T-cell immunity.