bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of tricuspid regurgitation regression after mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair using three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Takeuchi Makoto , Utsunomiya Hiroto , Tohgi Kiyotaka , Hamada Ayano , Hyodo Yohei , Tsuchiya Akane , Mogami Atsuo , Takemoto Hajime , Izumi Kanako , Takahari Kosuke , Ueda Yusuke , Itakura Kiho , Ikenaga Hiroki , Nakano Yukiko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to identify three-dimensional echocardiographic predictors of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) regression in patients with functional TR of moderate or greater severity undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair to optimize patient selection and improve clinical outcomes.

Methods and results
This retrospective study analysed 61 patients (mean age 81.3 ± 7.6 years; 55.7% males) who underwent mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography was performed pre- and 1-month post-procedurally, while three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography was performed pre-procedurally. We collected data on clinical variables, medications, and detailed echocardiographic measurements to evaluate procedural outcomes. Tricuspid regurgitation severity was semiquantitatively assessed and categorized. At the 1-month follow-up, TR severity had regressed in 43% of patients. A lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation, smaller left atrial volume index, and smaller right atrial area were significantly associated with TR regression. Multivariate analysis revealed the tricuspid valve annulus perimeter, area, and area change as significant predictors of post-procedure TR regression; tricuspid valve annulus perimeter was the strongest predictor among the three indicators [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.94), P &lt; 0.001]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that tricuspid valve annulus perimeter cut-off of ≤13.75 cm was the best predictor of post-procedure TR regression. Additionally, tricuspid valve annulus area ≤13.55 cm² and annulus area change ≥17.5% were predictors of post-procedure TR regression.

Conclusion
In patients with relatively severe mitral regurgitation with a non-dilated tricuspid annulus and significant change in tricuspid valve annulus area, mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair may lead to TR regression.
Types of social group participation and long-term cognitive preservation in older ages
Authors: Hsieh Min Jia , Yang Tien Yu Owen , Li Tzu Yi , Chiao Chi , Ting Te Tien , Chiu Yen Ling , Chuang Yi Fang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Participating in social groups predicts better cognitive preservation in older adults in the short term (&lt;5 years). Long-term evidence with direct comparison between specific types of social groups is needed.

Research Design and Methods
In the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging (n=4,009, mean age 64 years), 1479 individuals reported participation in at least one of the four common types of social groups at baseline in 2003, including socializing, volunteering, religious, and networking groups. Cognitive function was measured by a modified Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) at year 0 (baseline), 4, 8, and 12. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate relative cognitive preservation (in %) compared to individuals who did not participate in social groups at baseline or compared to individuals who participated in different social groups at baseline.

Results
We found volunteering group participation was associated with most consistent cognitive preservation at year 4 (35%, 95% CI: +10% to +60%), 8 (+64%, +44% to +84%), and 12 (+57%, +24% to +89%) compared to the individuals who did not participate in social groups, and at year 12 compared to participants of other social groups (+65%, +16% to +114%).

Discussion and Implications
Our findings support a long-term prediction of better cognitive preservation among volunteering group participants.
Caregivers’ Perspectives on Discussions of Medical Treatment Preferences for People Living with Dementia Are Associated with Their Dementia Health Literacy and the Caregiving Relationship
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Sereika Susan , Seaman Jennifer , Pettigrew Corinne , Albert Marilyn , Lingler Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
People living with dementia experience progressive functional decline and increased dependence on caregivers. This study examined the influence of caregivers’ dementia health literacy on perceptions of medical care preferences and advanced care planning (ACP) in people living with dementia.

Research Design and Methods
This analysis used data from a cross-sectional survey, “Care Planning for Individuals with Dementia”, administered nationwide by Alzheimer’s Disease Centers. We conducted binary, ordinal, and multinomial logistic regression.

Results
On average, surveyed caregivers (n=431) were 78.3 years, had 16 years of education, and were mainly white (88.5%). Most lived with (76.8%) and were the designated healthcare proxy (95.1%), with high dementia knowledge scores (mean=8.4/10). As caregivers’ dementia knowledge scores increased, they were 1.27 times more likely (p=0.02) to endorse comfort care. Caregivers with greater knowledge about severe dementia were less likely to need further treatment preference-related discussions (knowing a lot: OR=0.17, p&lt;0.001; knowing some things: OR=0.37, p=0.006). Caregivers live apart from patients were 2.71 times more likely to know about such discussions (p&lt;0.001). Caregivers of people in earlier stages endorsed greater needs for further conversations with clinicians (no impairment & MCI: OR=7.38, p=0.002; mild impairment: OR=5.32, p=0.005) and their care recipients (no impairment & MCI: OR=5.24, p=0.02).

Discussion and Implications
These findings highlight the role of dementia-specific education in ACP discussions among people living with dementia, caregivers, and healthcare clinicians. These findings are important since evidence suggests that ACP may promote quality of life, reduce iatrogenic harm, minimize healthcare overutilization, and alleviate care-related burdens.
Racial disparities in hospitalization and neighborhood deprivation among Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Poghosyan Lusine , Liu Jianfang , Chen Julius L , Flandrick Kathleen , McMenamin Amy , Porat-Dahlerbruch Joshua , Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra L , Martsolf Grant R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many neighborhoods with concentrated racial and ethnic minority older adult populations experience high neighborhood disadvantage. Yet, to date, no studies have analyzed how neighborhood disadvantage affects the relationship between race and hospitalization among older adults. To fill this gap, we examined if neighborhood disadvantage moderates the relationship between race and hospitalization among older adults in the United States. Medicare claims data from 2018 on 530 962 beneficiary hospitalizations were merged with neighborhood data, and regression models assessed if the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) moderated the association between race and hospitalization. At the highest ADI score, the odds ratio (OR) for hospitalization for Black compared with White beneficiaries was the lowest (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.89-1.04). At the lowest ADI score, the OR for hospitalization for Black compared with White beneficiaries was the highest (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09-1.29). When Black and White beneficiaries reside in severely deprived areas, the disparity in their outcomes is narrower. However, when they reside in areas with more advantages, White beneficiaries experience better outcomes than Black beneficiaries. Our findings have implications for practice and policy to invest resources in communities to assure health equity.
Telomere-to-telomere gap-free genome assembly provides genetic insight into the triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus
Authors: Yu Hanwen , Wang Haixia , Liang Xiao , Liu Juan , Jiang Chao , Chi Xiulian , Zhi Nannan , Su Ping , Zha Liangping , Gui Shuangying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus has been widely used in Asia as a medicinal herb and food because of its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. P. grandiflorus has important clinical value because of the active triterpenoid saponins in its roots. However, the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins in P. grandiflorus remains unclear, and the related genes remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, we assembled a high-quality and integrated telomere-to-telomere P. grandiflorus reference genome and combined time-specific transcriptome and metabolome profiling to identify the cytochrome P450s (CYPs) responsible for the hydroxylation processes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. Nine chromosomes were assembled without gaps or mismatches, and nine centromeres and 18 telomere regions were identified. This genome eliminated redundant sequences from previous genome versions and incorporated structural variation information. Comparative analysis of the P. grandiflorus genome revealed that P. grandiflorus underwent a core eudicot γ-WGT event. We screened 211 CYPs and found that tandem and proximal duplications may be crucial for the expansion of CYP families. We outlined the proposed hydroxylation steps, likely catalyzed by the CYP716A/72A/749A families, in platycodin biosynthesis and identified three PgCYP716A, seven PgCYP72A, and seven PgCYP749A genes that showed a positive correlation with platycodin biosynthesis. By establishing a T2T assembly genome, transcriptome, and metabolome resource for P. grandiflorus, provides a foundation for the complete elucidation of the platycodins biosynthetic pathway, consequently leading to heterologous bioproduction, and a fundamental genetic resource for molecular-assisted breeding and genetic improvement of P. grandiflorus.
Community-based HbA1c testing programme for early detection of undiagnosed diabetes in community pharmacy
Authors: Shono Aiko , Morihiro Aki , Harada Nobue , Seposo Xerxes , Mimura Wataru , Hoshi Shu-ling , Yahagi Naoya , Miyazaki Seiko , Kondo Masahide 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Testing with fingertip blood sampling, including HbA1c testing, has been available in community pharmacies in Japan since 2014. In 2016, the Mihara Pharmacy Association in Hiroshima Prefecture, in collaboration with the Mihara municipal government, developed a community programme that utilized the walk-in HbA1c test that could be offered by participating community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to assess whether the new programme could detect undiagnosed DM in the community and to compare groups who had and had not accessed the SHCG programme among SHCG eligible participants.

Method
The programme includes pharmacist advice following participants conducted Hba1c testing in the pharmacy, and completing a questionnaire to collect self-reported personal data including lifestyle, demography, height, weight, and blood pressure. All those accessing the programme were included. We analysed data from fiscal years 2016 to 2018, obtained retrospectively from the questionnaires.

Key findings
The participants aged 40–74 years who were the target of a national health check programme represented 73.7% of the 1933 total unique participants. Approximately 40% of these participants did not undergo routine checkups, 23.8% had HbA1c scores ≥5.6%, and 2.7% had HbA1c scores ≥6.5%.

Conclusions
The walk-in HbA1c community testing programme provided an opportunity to test the diabetes mellitus risk of residents, especially those who have missed their routine checkups. If the community programme were adopted widely, more undiagnosed populations at risk for diabetes mellitus could be detected in the early stages and the use of community resources such as pharmacists and pharmacies would be utilized.
Prevalence of antifungal allergies in the general population
Authors: Shiferaw Meron W , Donnelley Monica A , Thompson George R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Invasive fungal infections are increasing in frequency and are associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. The use of antifungal therapy is thus also increasing, and patients reporting hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to the limited antifungal agents currently available complicates management. There are no prior studies defining the incidence of antifungal allergies reported by patients.

Methods
A multicentre retrospective cohort review of all patient encounters at five large academic centres during 2023 was conducted. The primary outcome of this study was to find the prevalence of reported antifungal allergy across the University of California Health System, and secondarily determine the incidence of antifungal allergies among patients with documented administration of antifungal agent.

Results
A total of 1 704 176 patients were included and 2602 patients exhibited a documented antifungal allergy. Prevalences of antifungal allergies were: fluconazole 1591 (0.093%), general antifungal allergy 395 (0.023%), triazole 361 (0.021%), itraconazole 145 (0.008%), amphotericin 110 (0.006%) and flucytosine &lt;10 (0.001%). In the secondary outcome (incidence), 9829 patients received an antifungal agent and 298 reported an antifungal allergy (2.98%).

Conclusions
Increasing age and use of antifungal therapy are associated with antifungal allergy prevalence. Antifungal allergy rates (prevalence and incidence) are also comparable to the rates reported for antibacterial agents and are highest with fluconazole.
Humic substances modulate bacterial communities and mitigate adverse effects of temperature stress in coral reef organisms
Authors: Stuij T M , Cleary D F R , de Voogd N J , Rocha R J M , Polonia A R M , Silva D A M , Frommlet J C , Louvado A , Huang Y M , Gomes N C M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
In the present study, we tested if terrestrially-derived humic substances (HS) could mitigate the adverse effects of elevated temperature and UVB radiation on the bacterial communities of two hard corals (Montipora digitata and Montipora capricornis), one soft coral (Sarcophyton glaucum), sediment and water. We also examined the impact of temperature, UVB radiation and HS supplementation on coral photosynthetic activity, a proxy for coral bleaching.

Methods and results
We performed a multifactorial experiment using a randomized-controlled microcosm setup. Coral photosynthetic efficiency was measured in vivo using a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometer. Bacterial communities were analyzed using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Corals in HS-supplemented microcosms had significantly higher photosynthetic activities than those in microcosms subjected to elevated temperature and UVB radiation. Additionally, HS supplementation significantly influenced the composition of sediment, water and host-associated bacterial communities. Reef organisms in HS supplemented microcosms contained distinct bacterial communities enriched with groups of potentially beneficial bacteria. In the hard coral Montipora digitata, we observed an interactive effect of HS supplementation, UVB radiation, and temperature.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that HS significantly modulates coral reef bacterial communities and support the hypothesis that these substances contribute to improved reef resistance to the adverse effects of elevated temperature and UVB radiation.
Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy on resolution of steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Potter Kathryn J , Phinney Jackie , Kulai Tasha , Munro Vicki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common, can progress to cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation, and has no approved medical therapy in Canada.

Objective
We conducted a systematic review on whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to standard care in NAFLD.

Methods
We searched Medline Ovid, EMBASE(Elsevier), Cochrane CENTRAL, Clinical Trials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform in November 2023 for randomized controlled trials. Inclusion criteria included patients ≥13 years with NAFLD receiving GLP-1RA for ≥6 months compared to standard care/placebo. Cochrane risk-of-bias 2.0 tool was used for each outcome. After screening results in duplicate, we performed meta-analysis and reported odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous and mean difference of change score for continuous outcomes.

Results
Six studies with 478 patients met inclusion criteria; 3 studies reported on the primary endpoint resolution of NASH. GLP-1RA likely leads to resolution of NASH (OR 4.45 (95% CI 1.92, 10.3)) and reduction in liver steatosis on imaging (–5.09% (95% CI −7.49, −2.69), but little to no reduction in liver stiffness on imaging (mean difference –0.17 kPa (95% CI −0.34, 0)).

Interpretation
Treatment with GLP-1RA in NAFLD patients for ≥6 months can probably lead to improvement in NASH on liver biopsy and reduce liver steatosis on imaging. Whether improvements in steatosis on biopsy or imaging results in clinically significant outcomes need to be elucidated as the effects of GLP-1RA on liver fibrosis are unclear; larger ongoing trials may provide more definitive answers.
Protocol Registration: PROSPERO–CRD42023472186.
Habitat-specific seasonal densities of sympatric raccoons and opossums in the southeastern United States
Authors: Hill Jacob E , Miller Madison L , Chipman Richard B , Gilbert Amy T , Beasley James C , Dharmarajan Guha , Rhodes Olin E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Raccoon and opossum densities have implications for rabies management, but estimates of seasonal densities of both species are lacking for rural nonagricultural habitats of the southeastern United States, a core portion of their geographic range. Consequently, it remains unclear whether the densities of 1 species limit the other, which is possible considering their substantial niche overlap. We carried out a mark–recapture study of raccoons and opossums in 4 rural nonagricultural habitats (bottomland hardwood forest, riparian forest, upland pine forest, and isolated wetlands) in South Carolina, United States (2020 to 2022), and combined this with previous data from the same habitats (2017 to 2019) to estimate habitat-specific spring and fall densities. Raccoon densities ranged from 5.17 ± 0.96 animals/km2 (bottomland hardwood fall) to 1.63 ± 0.83 animals/km2 (upland pine spring) and were on average 19% higher in fall compared to spring. Opossum densities ranged from 10.35 ± 1.98 animals/km2 (bottomland hardwood fall) to 1.11 ± 1.55 animals/km2 (upland pine spring) with divergent seasonal patterns among habitats. These low densities across all habitats compared to other studies are likely the result of low resource availability, consistent with other habitats that have minimal anthropogenic influence. We observed a positive association between raccoon and opossum densities across trapping grids, suggesting that raccoons do not suppress opossum densities, but that densities of both species increase with increasing resource availability. Our results can be used to inform oral rabies vaccination efforts such as refining bait densities and timing of bait distribution in these habitats.
Individualism and Emotional Attachment: An Evolving Tension in American History
Authors: Stearns Peter N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article identifies and traces the rise of greater individualism in American history, from the early nineteenth century onward, and the corresponding effort to provide protective compensations, through associations, family ties, friendships, and sympathy for stresses such as homesickness and loneliness. The essay emphasizes several major stages in this often complex balancing act. Risks of tension increased in the twentieth century, with declining sympathy for some issues of adjustment, somewhat weaker family, and emotional ties. The situation deteriorated further after the 1950s, through a combination of new and more isolating forms of individualism, greater though diverse family instability and the now-familiar signs of growing loneliness. However, new forms of compensation must also be assessed, from the rise of pets to the unusually eager American reception of psychological therapy. The purpose of the article is to highlight an enduring basic theme in the nation’s emotional history—contributing to the growing interest in the history of emotions more generally—while also placing several urgent current problems in clearer historical context.
Unstable accretion in TW Hya: 3D simulations and comparisons with observations
Authors: Romanova M M , Espaillat C C , Wendeborn J , Donati J-F , Petrov P P , Lovelace R V E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the origin of photometric variability in the classical T Tauri star TW Hya by comparing light curves obtained by TESS and ground-based telescopes with light curves created using three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. TW Hya is modeled as a rotating star with a dipole magnetic moment, which is slightly tilted about the rotational axis. We observed that for various model parameters, matter accretes in the unstable regime and produces multiple hot spots on the star’s surface, which leads to stochastic-looking light curves similar to the observed ones. Wavelet and Fourier spectra of observed and modeled light curves show multiple quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) with quasiperiods from less than 0.1 to 9 days. Models show that variation in the strength and tilt of the dipole magnetosphere leads to different periodograms, where the period of the star may dominate or be hidden. The amplitude of QPOs associated with the stellar period can be smaller than that of other QPOs if the tilt of the dipole magnetosphere is small and when the unstable regime is stronger. In models with small magnetospheres, the short-period QPOs associated with rotation of the inner disc dominate and can be mistaken for a stellar period. We show that longer-period (5-9 days) QPOs can be caused by waves forming beyond the corotation radius.
WBSCR16 is essential for mitochondrial 16S rRNA processing in mammals
Authors: Zhang Shengjie , Dong Zi , Feng Yang , Guo Wei , Zhang Chen , Shi Yifan , Zhao Zhiyun , Wang Jiqiu , Ning Guang , Huang Guorui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mitochondrial rRNAs play important roles in regulating mtDNA-encoded gene expression and energy metabolism subsequently. However, the proteins that regulate mitochondrial 16S rRNA processing remain poorly understood. Herein, we generated adipose-specific Wbscr16-/-mice and cells, both of which exhibited dramatic mitochondrial changes. Subsequently, WBSCR16 was identified as a 16S rRNA-binding protein essential for the cleavage of 16S rRNA-mt-tRNALeu, facilitating 16S rRNA processing and mitochondrial ribosome assembly. Additionally, WBSCR16 recruited RNase P subunit MRPP3 to nascent 16S rRNA and assisted in this specific cleavage. Furthermore, evidence showed that adipose-specific Wbscr16 ablation promotes energy wasting via lipid preference in brown adipose tissue, leading to excess energy expenditure and resistance to obesity. In contrast, overexpression of WBSCR16 upregulated 16S rRNA processing and induced a preference for glucose utilization in both transgenic mouse models and cultured cells. These findings suggest that WBSCR16 plays essential roles in mitochondrial 16S rRNA processing in mammals, and is the key mitochondrial protein to balance glucose and lipid metabolism.