bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain‐Induced α‐Phase Stabilization for Low Dark Current FAPI‐Based Photodetectors
Authors: Hong Eunyoung , Nodari Davide , Furlan Francesco , Angela Edoardo , Panidi Julianna , McLachlan Martyn A. , Gasparini Nicola 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFormamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) has gained considerable interest as a promising photoactive layer for optoelectronic devices due to its broad spectrum of light absorption and increased thermal stability when compared to its conventional methylammonium counterpart (MAPbI3). Recent developments in substituting formamidinium (FA) with smaller Cs cations have further accelerated its growth in the photovoltaic (PV) community by enhancing phase stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, only a few studies are reported on perovskite photodetectors (PPDs). Here, the influence of Cs incorporation is investigated on PD performance in the CsXFA1‐XPbI3 system (X = 0–0.25). Finding that the partial substitution of FA with Cs cations alleviates lattice strain by increasing crystallinity and inducing a well‐ordered surface morphology with vertical crystallographic orientation, which suppresses non‐radiative recombination mechanisms. Such improved physicochemical properties of the mixed‐cation perovskite light absorbers can improve the PD performance by reducing the dark and noise current to values as low as 3.3 × 10−9 A cm−2 and 6.1 × 1011 A Hz−1/2, thereby enabling PPDs with a faster photoresponse and greater sensitivity, which holds great promise for future optoelectronics applications.
Kinome‐Wide Synthetic Lethal Screen Identifies PANK4 as a Modulator of Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma
Authors: Vella Viviana , Ditsiou Angeliki , Chalari Anna , Eravci Murat , Wooller Sarah K. , Gagliano Teresa , Bani Cecilia , Kerschbamer Emanuela , Karakostas Christos , Xu Bin , Zhang Yongchang , Pearl Frances M.G. , Lopez Gianluca , Peng Ling , Stebbing Justin , Klinakis Apostolos , Giamas Georgios 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTemozolomide (TMZ) represents the cornerstone of therapy for glioblastoma (GBM). However, acquisition of resistance limits its therapeutic potential. The human kinome is an undisputable source of druggable targets, still, current knowledge remains confined to a limited fraction of it, with a multitude of under‐investigated proteins yet to be characterized. Here, following a kinome‐wide RNAi screen, pantothenate kinase 4 (PANK4) isuncovered as a modulator of TMZ resistance in GBM. Validation of PANK4 across various TMZ‐resistant GBM cell models, patient‐derived GBM cell lines, tissue samples, as well as in vivo studies, corroborates the potential translational significance of these findings. Moreover, PANK4 expression is induced during TMZ treatment, and its expression is associated with a worse clinical outcome. Furthermore, a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteomic approach, reveals that PANK4 abrogation leads to a significant downregulation of a host of proteins with central roles in cellular detoxification and cellular response to oxidative stress. More specifically, as cells undergo genotoxic stress during TMZ exposure, PANK4 depletion represents a crucial event that can lead to accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cell death. Collectively, a previously unreported role for PANK4 in mediating therapeutic resistance to TMZ in GBM is unveiled.
Medium‐Dose Formoterol Attenuated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Induced by EPO via β2AR/cAMP/SIRT1 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Jianlin , Cao Yu , Ren Ruiqing , Sui Wenhai , Zhang Yun , Zhang Meng , Zhang Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life‐threatening vascular disease but effective drugs for treatment of AAA are still lacking. Recently, erythropoietin (EPO) is reported to induce AAA formation in apolipoprotein‐E knock out (ApoE−/−) mice but an effective antagonist is unknown. In this study, formoterol, a β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist, is found to be a promising agent for inhibiting AAA. To test this hypothesis, ApoE−/− mice are treated with vehicle, EPO, and EPO plus low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose formoterol, respectively. The incidence of AAA is 0, 55%, 35%,10%, and 55% in these 5 groups, respectively. Mechanistically, senescence of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is increased by EPO while decreased by medium‐dose formoterol both in vivo and in vitro, manifested by the altered expression of senescence biomarkers including phosphorylation of H2AXserine139, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity, and P21 protein level. In addition, expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in aorta is decreased in EPO‐induced AAA but remarkably elevated by medium‐dose formoterol. Knockdown of β2AR and blockage of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) attenuate the inhibitory role of formoterol in EPO‐induced VSMC senescence. In summary, medium‐dose formoterol attenuates EPO‐induced AAA via β2AR/cAMP/SIRT1 pathways, which provides a promising medication for the treatment of AAA.
Continuous Synthesis of Nanoscale Emulsions by Vapor Condensation (EVC)
Authors: Anand Sushant , Galavan Vincent , Mulik Mahesh Uttamrao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmulsions are widely used in many industrial applications, and the development of efficient techniques for synthesizing them is a subject of ongoing research. Vapor condensation is a promising method for energy‐efficient, high‐throughput production of monodisperse nanoscale emulsions. However, previous studies using this technique are limited to producing small volumes of water‐in‐oil dispersions. In this work, a new method for the continuous synthesis of nanoscale emulsions (water‐in‐oil and oil‐in‐water) is presented by condensing vapor on free‐flowing surfactant solutions. The viability of oil vaporization and condensation is demonstrated under mild heating/cooling using diverse esters, terpenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanes. By systematically investigating water vapor and oil vapor condensation dynamics on bulk liquid‐surfactant solutions, a rich diversity of outcomes, including floating films, nanoscale drops, and hexagonally packed microdrops is uncovered. It is demonstrated that surfactant concentration impacts oil spreading, self‐emulsification, and such behavior can aid in the emulsification of condensed oil drops. This work represents a critical step toward advancing the vapor condensation method's applications for emulsions and colloidal systems, with broad implications for various fields and the development of new emulsion‐based products and industrial processes.
Targeting Nuclear Mechanics Mitigates the Fibroblast Invasiveness in Pathological Dermal Scars Induced by Matrix Stiffening
Authors: Fu Xiangting , Taghizadeh Ali , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Li Cheng Ji , Lim Nam Kyu , Lee Jung‐Hwan , Kim Hye Sung , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPathological dermal scars such as keloids present significant clinical challenges lacking effective treatment options. Given the distinctive feature of highly stiffened scar tissues, deciphering how matrix mechanics regulate pathological progression can inform new therapeutic strategies. Here, it is shown that pathological dermal scar keloid fibroblasts display unique metamorphoses to stiffened matrix. Compared to normal fibroblasts, keloid fibroblasts show high sensitivity to stiffness rather than biochemical stimulation, activating cytoskeletal‐to‐nuclear mechanosensing molecules. Notably, keloid fibroblasts on stiff matrices exhibit nuclear softening, concomitant with reduced lamin A/C expression, and disrupted anchoring of lamina‐associated chromatin. This nuclear softening, combined with weak adhesion and high contractility, facilitates the invasive migration of keloid fibroblasts through confining matrices. Inhibiting lamin A/C‐driven nuclear softening, via lamin A/C overexpression or actin disruption, mitigates such invasiveness of keloid fibroblasts. These findings highlight the significance of the nuclear mechanics of keloid fibroblasts in scar pathogenesis and propose lamin A/C as a potential therapeutic target for managing pathological scars.
Structural Vulnerability Control by Encapsulation Strategy toward Durable Lithium Metal Reference Electrodes
Authors: Xiao Ye , Xu Lei , Bi Chen‐Xi , Zhang Shuo , Ding Jun‐Fan , Yan Chong , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs an effective decoupling and quantification tool, reference electrodes (REs) are increasingly utilized in the development of high‐performance and high‐safety lithium (Li) batteries. However, it is still challenging to construct durable REs in practical battery systems given the sophistication of multi‐field interactions. In this contribution, the two‐stage failure mechanism of Li metal REs set inside working batteries is determined, including the active material loss period due to spatial redistribution behavior and then accelerated failure period based on mixed potential theory, which greatly threatens the dynamic service lifespan of REs. Furthermore, the targeted encapsulation strategy is proposed to control the structural vulnerability issue of Li metal REs. Compared to the unmodified RE, the encapsulated RE is validated feasible to kinetically mitigate the redistribution current through it via designed model experiments. Benefited from the improved structural stability, the encapsulated RE achieved twofold lifetime prolongation in 1 Ah pouch full cells during cycling. This work reveals the neglected structural failure mechanism of Li metal REs in operation and provides fresh design implications toward more durable REs in working batteries, with which deeper insights into battery landscape will be acquired.
Medieval monastic health: Variation in skeletal signs of inflammation and developmental stress between religious orders in London
Authors: DeWitte Sharon N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesPrevious bioarchaeological analyses of medieval monastic and nonmonastic cemeteries in London revealed evidence of lower risks of mortality, and thus better health, in the monastic settings. However, comparison of the two monastic communities, Bermondsey Abbey and Merton Priory, which adhered to different religious ideals, suggested lower risks of mortality in the former. This study examines patterns of skeletal biomarkers, which reflect developmental stress or inflammation, in an attempt to clarify the possible underlying mechanisms producing apparent health differences in these monastic communities.Materials and MethodsThis study uses skeletal data on age‐at‐death, periosteal new bone formation (PNBF), and cribra orbitalia from 558 adults (18 years of age and older) estimated to be male from Bermondsey Abbey and Merton Priory. Biomarker age patterns are assessed via Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and binary logistic regression. Differences in frequencies of biomarkers between the monastic sites are evaluated using Chi‐square and hierarchical log‐linear analyses.ResultsIn general, PNBF is positively associated with age, and cribra orbitalia is negatively associated with age. The frequency of PNBF formation is significantly higher and that of cribra orbitalia is significantly lower in Bermondsey Abbey compared with Merton Priory.ConclusionsThe differences in frequencies of these skeletal biomarkers support previous findings suggesting that health conditions were better in Bermondsey Abbey than in Merton Priory. The age patterns of cribra orbitalia suggest that these differences reflect conditions and the greater health‐promoting effects of religiosity or isolation from the lay community in Bermondsey Abbey rather than differences in selective admissions processes.
Achieving Record External Quantum Efficiency of 11.5 % in Solution‐Processable Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Utilizing Hot Exciton Mechanism
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Bian Jinkun , Chen Kaijin , Li Chuying , Long Yubo , Huang Haitao , Jiang Long , Zhao Juan , Liu Siwei , Chi Zhenguo , Xu Jiarui , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh performance solution‐processable deep‐blue emitters with a Commission International de l′Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of CIEy≤0.08 are highly desired in ultrahigh‐definition display. Although, deep‐blue materials with hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited‐state feature are promising candidates, their rigidity and planar molecular structures limit their application in solution‐processing technique. Herein, four novel deep‐blue solution‐processable HLCT emitters were first proposed by attaching rigid imide aliphatic rings as functional units onto the HLCT emitting core. The functional units not only improve solubility, enhance thermal properties and morphological stability of the emitting core, but also promote photoluminescence efficiency, balance charge carrier transport, and inhibit aggregation‐caused quenching effect due to the weak electron‐withdrawing property as well as steric hindrance. The corresponding solution‐processable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) substantiate an unprecedented maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 11.5 % with an emission peak at 456 nm and excellent colour purity (full width at half maximum=56 nm and CIEy=0.09). These efficiencies represent the state‐of‐the‐art device performance among the solution‐processable blue OLEDs based on the “hot exciton” mechanism. This simple strategy opens up a new avenue for designing highly efficient solution‐processable deep‐blue organic luminescent materials.
Incorporation of an Anion‐Coordinated Triple Helicate into a Thin Film for Choline Recognition in an Aqueous System
Authors: Lian Mingli , Zhao Jie , Zhang Dan , Ye Sheng , Li Yidan , Yang Dong , Yang Xiao‐Juan , Wu Biao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFunctional thin films, being fabricated by incorporating discrete supramolecular architectures, have potential applications in research areas such as sensing, energy storage, catalysis, and optoelectronics. Here, we have determined that an anion‐coordinated triple helicate can be solution‐processed into a functional thin film by incorporation into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix. The thin films fabricated by the incorporation of the anion‐coordinated triple helicate show multiple optical properties, such as fluorescence, CD, and CPL. In addition, the film has the ability to recognize choline and choline derivatives in a water system. The successful recognition of Ch+ by the film represents the first example of utilizing ‘aniono’‐supramolecular architectures for biomolecule detection in aqueous solution and opens up a new route for designing biocompatible functional materials.
The Lucigenin Assay: Measuring Anion Transport in Lipid Vesicles
Authors: Chvojka Matúš , Singh Anurag , Cataldo Alessio , Torres‐Huerta Aaron , Konopka Marcin , Šindelář Vladimír , Valkenier Hennie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the collaborating groups of the Université libre de Bruxelles and Masaryk University. The cover picture shows liposomes with a fluorescent probe encapsulated to study the transmembrane transport of chloride by synthetic anion transporters via quenching of the fluorescence. More information can be found in the Concept article by Hennie Valkenier and co‐workers.
Photodegradation of imidacloprid insecticide using polyethersulfone membranes modified with iron doped cerium oxide
Authors: Malatjie Kgolofelo I. , Moutloali Richard M. , Mishra Ajay K. , Mishra Shivani B. , Nxumalo Edward N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe widespread accumulation of insecticides in water systems is a growing concern. This study reports efficient photodegradation of imidacloprid (IMD) insecticide using polyethersulfone (PES) membranes modified with iron‐doped cerium oxide (Fe‐CeO2). The work focuses on the modification of ultrafiltration polyethersulfone membranes with incremental amounts of Fe‐CeO2 photocatalysts (0.5–2.0 wt.%) using phase inversion method. An increase in Fe‐CeO2 content showed an improvement in surface roughness and porosity of membranes. Pure water flux (PWF) increased from 55.9 L m2 h−1 in M0 (PES) to 77.2 (M1, 0.5% Fe‐CeO2‐PES), 118.0 (M2, 1% Fe‐CeO2‐PES), 128.0 in M3 (1.5 wt.% Fe‐CeO2‐PES) and then decreased to 98.5 L m2 h−1 in M4 (2 wt.% Fe‐CeO2‐PES). This decrease is brought about by the high Fe‐CeO2 content, which minimizes the membranes' surface pores. Fe‐CeO2 photocatalysts are thought to give the membrane both hydrophilic and photocatalytic qualities because of their capacity to absorb light and create radical species that cause the photodegradation of IMD molecules. Consequently, under visible light irradiation, modified membranes demonstrated photocatalytic ability over IMD. Photocatalytic efficiencies of the membranes were found to be 5.2% (M0), 68.9 (M1), 75.8 (M2), 81.8 (M3), and 56.0% (M4), respectively, with M3 membranes showing the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency and low leaching of metals. The remarkable performance observed by M3 membranes during both water filtration and photocatalytic performance may be an illustration of well dispersed photocatalyst which receives high absorption of light irradiation. Membranes with photocatalytic functionalities are tailored to exploit dual benefits of the membrane filtration and photocatalysis without compromising their original functions. However, maintaining the delicate balance of this phenomenon is still very challenging.
Investigation on the enhancement of solvent‐resistant nanofiltration membrane performance utilizing PDA‐UiO‐66@CNT as an interlayer
Authors: Zhong Zhaohuang , Li Lang , Yu Siwei , Li Xindong , Li Haike , Jia Jianghui , Huang Jiaju , Cai Meng , Huang Wanfu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the growing complexity of separation systems, the application of thin film composite nanofiltration (TFN) membranes in organic solvent separation faces numerous challenges. To augment its solvent stability, an in‐situ constructed dopamine hydrogel doped with UiO‐66@CNT was developed as an intermediate layer on a polyetherimide (PEI) ultrafiltration membrane. Subsequent interfacial polymerization on this interlayer led to the formation of a solvent‐resistant nanofiltration membrane with a vast covalent bond structure, large specific surface area, and enhanced hydrophilicity. Our findings revealed that when the CNT loading in the UiO‐66@CNT composite nanoparticles was 2 wt%, the TFN‐U2C2 membrane exhibited a maximum pure water flux of 126.32 L/(m2·h) and a methanol flux of 45.45 L/(m2·h). The rejection rates for Congo red aqueous and methanol solutions were 96.88% and 92.14%, respectively. The membrane also demonstrated commendable anti‐fouling properties. Remarkably, even after 48 h of immersion in various organic solvents, the membrane retained its morphology and separation efficiency. Compared to the TFN‐U2 membrane without CNT addition, the enhancement in separation performance was considerably significant. Hence, this membrane has significant potential for application in treatment of wastewater containing organic solvents and is promising in related fields.
Simple mechanochemical synthesis, characterization, optical and thermoelectric properties of a nanostructured silver (I) selenide semiconductor
Authors: Achimovičová Marcela , Gáborová Katarína , Girman Vladimír , Dutková Erika , Briančin Jaroslav , Levinský Petr , Puchý Viktor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSilver(I) selenide, Ag2Se was very simply and conveniently prepared from Ag and Se powders in a stoichiometric ratio by one‐step mechanochemical synthesis after 10 min of milling in a planetary ball mill. The kinetics of this synthesis and the structural, morphological, optical, and thermoelectric properties of the product were studied. The crystal structure, physical properties, and morphology were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements, particle size distribution analysis, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. XRD confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure of naumannite, Ag2Se. The electron microscopy revealed that the nanostructured product consisted of isolated rod‐shaped particles and agglomerated nanoparticles of irregular shape which formed clusters with a size >30 μm. Crystallinity was inspected by selected area diffraction. The optical properties were studied using ultraviolet‐visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The determined band gap energy of 1.15 eV was blue‐shifted relative to the bulk Ag2Se. For the densification of mechanochemically synthesized powdered Ag2Se, the spark plasma sintering method was applied to prepare a suitable sample for thermoelectric characterization. High‐temperature thermoelectric properties were evaluated in terms of the potential application of mechanochemically synthesized Ag2Se in energy conversion.
An RBFNN‐based constraint control algorithm for electric vehicle AFS + DYC system with state delays and uncertain parameters
Authors: Zhou Yu , He Youguo , Cai Yingfeng , Yuan Chaochun , Shen Jie , Tian Liwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA novel multi‐input multi‐output adaptive control strategy applied to the combined active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) system is proposed in this paper. Studies have been conducted to show the potential for electric vehicles to be affected by time delay, which may appear in states. Aiming to address the state delay, radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and Lyapunov‐Krakovskii functional‐based AFS and DYC controllers are constructed, which also can process the parameter uncertainties due to the powerful ability of RBFNN to approximate the unknown terms. Meanwhile, the controller is designed to incorporate the barrier Lyapunov function so that the state variables under control, including the sideslip angle and yaw rate, remain in their respective stable ranges while accurately tracking the corresponding desired values. Co‐simulations utilizing Simulink and CarSim are implemented for verifying the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and comparing it with the traditional control scheme.
Modeling flight delays by an intensity‐based Hawkes process
Authors: Franses Philip Hans , Smeets Carlijn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo key features of airline departure delays are that they cascade and that there can be exceptional peaks. We model these features using an intensity‐based Hawkes process. Our application to all KLM departure delays at Amsterdam Schiphol airport in January 2015 shows that volatility in departure delays is endogenous. We correlate the key parameters of the estimated Hawkes process with daily weather conditions and find that these conditions amplify the self‐exciting feature of departure delays.
A review on statistical and machine learning competing risks methods
Authors: Monterrubio‐Gómez Karla , Constantine‐Cooke Nathan , Vallejos Catalina A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen modeling competing risks (CR) survival data, several techniques have been proposed in both the statistical and machine learning literature. State‐of‐the‐art methods have extended classical approaches with more flexible assumptions that can improve predictive performance, allow high‐dimensional data and missing values, among others. Despite this, modern approaches have not been widely employed in applied settings. This article aims to aid the uptake of such methods by providing a condensed compendium of CR survival methods with a unified notation and interpretation across approaches. We highlight available software and, when possible, demonstrate their usage via reproducible R vignettes. Moreover, we discuss two major concerns that can affect benchmark studies in this context: the choice of performance metrics and reproducibility.