bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low agreement between Swedish national registers and parental questionnaires on allergic rhinitis
Authors: Vasileiadou Styliana , Wennergren Göran , Celind Frida Strömberg , Goksör Emma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) has been well documented using questionnaire‐based studies. Here, we examine the agreement between parental‐reported data during childhood with the emphasis on 12‐year‐olds and data from two national Swedish registers to determine whether register data on AR can supplement or replace questionnaire data.MethodsData were collected from a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of children born in western Sweden in 2003. Parental questionnaires were filled out at 6 months and one, four, eight, and 12 years of age. A total of 3634 children were linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) and the National Patient Register (NPR) using personal identity numbers. The agreement between the register and questionnaire data was estimated using Cohen's kappa with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAccording to the SPDR, 9.9% (n = 360/3634) of the children were dispensed specific AR medication at 11–13 years of age compared with the 12 years questionnaire where 23% reported AR medication use during the last 12 months. The overall agreement between questionnaire and SPDR data on AR medication was slight (kappa 0.05). At 11–12 years, 1.8% (n = 65/3634) of the children received an outpatient AR diagnosis in the NPR, while 10% reported doctor‐diagnosed AR in the questionnaire. The overall agreement between questionnaire and NPR data on AR diagnosis was slight (kappa 0.16).ConclusionsThere was poor agreement between questionnaire and register data regarding AR and dispensed medication. Explanations could include over‐the‐counter drugs and diagnosis in primary care, which are not included in the registers.
Experience of less invasive surfactant administration with a 5F infant feeding tube in a tertiary center of low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Sk Md Habibullah , Saha Bijan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLess invasive surfactant administration (LISA) results in less need for mechanical ventilation and a reduction in death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intraventricular hemorrhage as outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and short‐term outcomes of surfactant administration by the LISA method using an 5F infant feeding tube in preterm infants.MethodsDuring the period from May, 2019 to August, 2022, we carried out a prospective observational study that included all premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. The study involved collecting and analyzing data on the procedural efficacy of LISA, vital parameters, and short‐term outcomes.ResultsOur study included a total of 110 infants with an average gestational age of 30.9 ± 1.9 weeks and a mean birthweight of 1347.5 ± 354.1 g. Of these infants, two required intubation during the LISA procedure, whereas 11 infants required intubation within 72 h after LISA. Infants with a higher pre‐surfactant fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) requirement, an elevated Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology with Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE), and the presence of sepsis were associated with the need for intubation within the first 72 h of life. Thirty‐one infants also experienced a drop in saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) below 80% for more than 1 min.ConclusionsLess invasive surfactant administration was feasible and safe to administer via an orotracheally introduced 5F infant feeding tube in non‐invasive ventilation to support spontaneously breathing infants between 28+0 and 33+6 weeks of gestation.
Incidental findings of soft tissue gas in canine and feline thoracic computed tomographic examinations
Authors: Goins Matt , Puggioni Antonella , Hoey Seamus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is a commonly used modality in small animal veterinary medicine. Anecdotally, gas bubbles are frequently identified in small animals undergoing thoracic CT examination. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to record the occurrence and prevalence of vascular and extravascular gas in routine thoracic CT examinations in dogs and cats. Patients with any clinical signs of diseases related to soft tissue gas were excluded. A total of 84 canine studies and 90 feline studies were included, detecting gas in 66.7% of all studies, with gas more likely to be detected in canine studies (75.0%) than in feline cases (58.9%) (P = 0.009). Canine studies were more likely to have gas detected in postcontrast studies than in precontrast studies (P = 0.016). Intravascular gas was detected in 65.5% of all included studies (75% canine and 56.7% feline). Extravascular gas was detected in 13.8% of all studies (14.3% canine, 13.3% feline), with gas detected in the vertebral canal of 8.62% of all studies (canine 11.9%, feline 5.56%) and within fascial planes in 5.75% of all studies (canine 2.38%, feline 8.89%). In conclusion, gas bubbles were identified in the majority of canine and feline thoracic CT studies without clinical evidence of a pathologic etiology.
Gaining Public Acceptance Towards Nuclear Waste Disposal
Authors: Seppälä Timo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In many countries that use nuclear power, solution for the long-term management of spent nuclear fuel is pending and decisions on the final disposal of nuclear waste are lacking.
The “unresolved” waste problem is an argument that nuclear communicators will surely encounter sooner or later in their endeavors to speak in favor of nuclear energy. At the same time, communicators must admit that there is no empirical evidence on the long-term safety of disposal, let alone that references to operating final repositories for high-level nuclear waste exist.
Despite of the challenges in nuclear waste communication, it is possible to gain public acceptance for nuclear waste disposal. For example, in Finland the site for the final repository of spent nuclear fuel was accepted by the locals and by the Parliament already 22 years ago, making it possible to apply operating license which is currently under review.
One of the factors of the successful siting is a communication strategy that identifies and aligns objectives, themes and result indicators for communication for each stakeholder group. The presentation focuses on the elements of the holistic communication strategy that is applicable to long-term siting projects for nuclear repositories. In addition to Finland, the presentation also discusses successful siting processes in Sweden and Switzerland.
Investigation, Development and Assessment of Innovative Direct Conditioning Solutions for Radioactive Liquid Organic Waste Within the PREDIS Project
Authors: Pancotti Federica , Guerra Mafalda , Fournier Maxime , Hamadache Kahina , Hasnaoui Abdelaziz , Bucur Crina , Marquez Evamaria , Lara Esperanza , Hayes Martin , Provis John , Svitlychnyi Yevhenii , Sayenko Sergey , Cori Davide , Mossini Eros , Santi Andrea , Phung Quoc Tri , Nguyen Thi Nhan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the framework of the Horizon-2020 PRE-DISposal management of radioactive waste (PREDIS) project, research activities are on-going to address the key issue of Radioactive Liquid Organic Waste (RLOW), which consists in the lack of reliable disposal or treatment routes, by investigating, developing and assessing direct conditioning solutions based on geopolymers and alkali-activated materials as conditioning matrices. Such solutions have to lead to final waste forms exhibiting properties and performances compatible with safety and technical requirements related to disposal, as well as to prolonged storage and transport.
During the first two and half years of the project, several formulations have been tested for the incorporation of specific types of RLOW.
The study of the direct conditioning process targeted an incorporation rate (Waste Loading) up to 30%–40% by volume of the different RLOW types. Following an initial screening phase, three reference formulations, based on metakaolin, fly ash, blast furnace slags and mixes of raw materials, were identified as the most promising in terms of improving waste loadings and the properties of the waste forms.
The reference formulations were tested and optimised in terms of choice and quantity of aluminosilicate precursors, alkaline activators, possible blended binder systems and additives facilitating the organic waste emulsification (surfactants), to achieve waste forms with good rheological and mechanical properties. The robustness of the formulations was assessed with reference to waste, raw materials, and process variability.
After a qualitative screening, based on a predefined set of criteria, a limited number of formulations were selected to further consolidate the reference formulations by testing them with real RLOW and to investigate the feasibility of scale-up by exploratory pilot scale tests planned for the last year of the project.
Extreme Drop Durability of Sintered Silver Traces Printed With Extrusion and Aerosol Jet Processes
Authors: Abusalma Hisham , Richards Hayden , Dasgupta Abhijit , Bujanda Andres , Yu Jian , Tsang Harvey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study will focus on the drop durability of printed conductive traces that are ubiquitous in Printed Hybrid Electronics (PHEs). There are several methods, such as syringe extrusion printing, inkjet printing, and aerosol jet printing (AJP) to print conductive traces. Silver is a popular material for printing conductive elements due to its low sintering temperature and low susceptibility to oxidation and is the material of study in this paper. Silver conductive elements are usually printed using either AJP or extrusion printing, and these methods will be used in this study.
In this paper, silver traces are printed on 1.6 mm thick FR4 cantilever beams that are dropped with a drop tower at accelerations in excess of 40,000 Gs at room temperature. The silver is printed near the base of the cantilever beam (near the edge clamp fixture) to maximize the strain experienced by the traces. Two sets of samples are prepared with different printing methods: extrusion and AJP. The AJP samples are plated with a layer of copper ink and sintered. The traces are then covered with a printed polyimide layer to increase durability. Flexural strain of the cantilever beam and electrical resistance of the traces are measured in-situ during drop, to monitor the dominant response eigen-modes and resulting damage in the samples. High-speed footage of the drop (at 20,000 fps) is used to measure the tip displacement. Strain and tip displacement measurements are used to calibrate and verify a 3D shell finite element model (FEM) of the drop loading of the cantilever beam. This model is used to predict the strain history in the printed traces as well as the resulting dynamic eigen-modes in the sample, caused by drops at different G-levels. Damage in the silver traces is optically inspected.
The long-term goal is to provide insights into the drop-durability of printed silver traces quantitatively, establish the foundation for a high strain-rate damage model, and provide suggestions to improve the durability of 3D printed electronics using optimization of specimen design features and the printing process parameters.
Effect of Sintering Conditions on Electrical Resistivity of Printed Silver Inks
Authors: Xu Hua , Lo Jeffery C. C. , Qiu Xing , Cheng Yuanjie , Tao Mian , Lee S. W. Ricky , Ko Lawrence C. L. , Yeung Ho Ki , Yau Chun Ho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thermal sintering is a simple, cost-effective, and high-throughput option for printed silver inks with nanoparticles. Low-temperature sintering processes are necessary for printed electronics to accommodate substrates or polymer components that cannot withstand high temperatures. However, it is difficult to reach a low level resistivity with printed silver nanoparticles sintered at low temperatures. This study focused on the effect of solvent evaporation during the sintering process and the effect of ligands on the resistivity of the final product. The present investigation used commercial silver ink due to its excellent properties such as low cracking, high uniformity, and good adhesion to the substrate. The solvent was a mixture of propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the temperatures of solvent evaporation and ligand decomposition. The resistivities of the sintered silver inks were measured. The study found that preheating was effective in helping achieve lower resistivity and that the removal of ligands could further decrease the resistivity by about 20%.
Surface-Mount Component Attachment on Aerosol Jet Printed Sustainable Water-Base Silver Nanoparticle Ink
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Karakitie Daniel , Miller Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Additive methods are preferred over processes that need hard tooling due to ramp-up speed and soft tooling. Increasing demand for the miniaturization of electronics has accelerated the development of flexible electronics technology. Flexible electronic architectures have gained traction in products for various end applications. The prior generation of additive processes used volatile organic solvent-based inks to fabricate printed circuits. Increased emphasis on environmental, social, and governmental factors has called attention to the development of sustainable products. Recent material development has seen the emergence of water-based inks with low-impact environmental waste. Sustainable inks use water as the carrier medium in place of volatile solvents. Owing to the recent introduction of these formulations, less is known about the ability to form functional circuits with sustainable inks or their performance relative to the incumbent non-sustainable volatile organic solvent-based inks. In this paper, Components were attached to additively printed water-based ink circuits fabricated using an aerosol jet. Interconnect methods have been studied, including — electrically conductive adhesives. The component performance of RLC has been studied as a function of operating frequency and compared with the rated values. Mechanical performance has been studied using the shear load to failure and electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The electrical performance has been correlated with the mechanical performance and optical methods have also been used to characterize the results of the printed trace.
Thermal and Electrical Performance of Silicone Gel Insulation With Encapsulated Phase Change Material Additives
Authors: Kasitz Joshua , Ghufran Muhammad , Huitink David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Electronics are continuing to trend toward reduced size and increased power density. This creates a lot of thermal management challenges within systems leading to reliability concerns. To avoid component failure due to high thermal gradients, often present in new designs, multiple cooling technologies need to be combined to achieve an optimal thermal solution for each package. Passive cooling architectures are beneficial complimentary systems because they can provide thermal gradient mitigation without requiring input power to operate. Phase change materials are one such technology that use their phase transitions to absorb and store thermal energy while maintaining an isothermal temperature in the surrounding system. These have been well studied, but are difficult to implement due to the need to enclose the liquid phase effectively. Encapsulated phase change materials attempt to solve this by covering the core PCM material with a protective shell. The resulting particles can be nano to micro sized and allow the PCM to melt without needing a component to contain the liquid phase. These particles are useful for imbedding in other materials to form composites with thermal hot spot mitigation ability. Silicone gels are often used to as encapsulant materials in modules to protect the components from contamination and to provide electrical insulation. This study proposes creating a new composite with silicone gel and EPCMs to use as encapsulant. This new composite would provide hot spot mitigation and energy storage while remaining useful as an encapsulant. This study has demonstrated the increase in thermal energy storage of the new composites with increased loading of the EPCMs and has characterized the loss in dielectric strength of the composite as a function of EPCM loading percentage.
Functional Circuit Performance of Printable Formable Inks for In-Mold Electronics Applications
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Narangaparambil Jinesh , Soni Ved , Miller Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The process of in-mold electronics (IME) is an innovative technology that integrates printed electronics with film insert molding to produce plastic components that contain electronics. The process involves the combination of printing, thermoforming, and injection molding to create complex and customized electronic devices. This technology has found numerous applications in various industries, including automobile components, household appliances, and consumer electronics, where customized user interfaces are required to manage or monitor the system. A customized user interface is required for a variety of applications in automotive, industrial electronics, and consumer technology to manage or monitor the system. Knobs, pressure and toggle switches, analog instruments, and flat-screen technology with touch sensor capabilities are also options. The key advantage of IME technology is its ability to create flexible and stretchable electronic devices capable of functioning under strain when bent, stretched, and deformed. Despite its potential, the IME process faces several challenges. One of the critical factors affecting the performance of IME products is the electrical resistance of the printed circuit, which changes during thermoforming. This presents a significant design challenge, as over-deformation of printed circuits can lead to poor performance and reliability issues. In this study, we have developed new design strategies and methods to optimize the performance of the IME process. This includes the use of electrically conductive adhesives to attach components in their undeformed state and later subject to thermoforming. This approach helps to maintain the integrity of the printed circuit and improve the performance of the interconnects. To evaluate the performance of the IME process, we have employed the OrCAD software to build and simulate a digital circuit. The performance of the inverting circuit was compared and evaluated against the tolerance limits of the COTs.
Compact Modeling and Thermal Analysis of Immersion Based Hybrid Cooled Server
Authors: Simon Vibin Shalom , Mandadi Bhavana Reddy , Shahi Pardeep , Modi Himanshu , Bansode Pratik Vithoba , Agonafer Dereje 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years there has been a phenomenal development in cloud computing, networking, virtualization, and storage, which has increased the demand for high performance data centers. The demand for higher CPU (Central Processing Unit) performance and increasing Thermal Design Power (TDP) trends in the industry needs advanced methods of cooling systems that offer high heat transfer capabilities. Maintaining the CPU temperature within the specified limitation with air-cooled servers becomes a challenge after a certain TDP threshold. Among the equipments used in data centers, energy consumption of a cooling system is significantly large and is typically estimated to be over 40% of the total energy consumed. Advancements in Dual In-line Memory Modules (DIMMs) and the CPU compatibility led to overall higher server power consumption. Recent trends show DIMMs consume up to or above 20W each and each CPU can support up to 12 DIMM channels. Therefore, in a data center where high-power dense compute systems are packed together, it demands efficient cooling for the overall server components. In single-phase immersion cooling technology, electronic components or servers are typically submerged in a thermally conductive dielectric fluid allowing it to dissipate heat from all the electronics. The broader focus of this research is to investigate the heat transfer and flow behavior in a 1U air cooled spread core configuration server with heat sinks compared to cold plates attached in series in an immersion environment. Cold plates have extremely low thermal resistance compared to standard air cooled heatsinks. Generally, immersion fluids are dielectric, and fluids used in cold plates are electrically conductive which exposes several problems. In this study, we focus only on understanding the thermal and flow behavior, but it is important to address the challenges associated with it. The coolant used for cold plate is 25% Propylene Glycol water mixture and the fluid used in the tank is a commercially available synthetic dielectric fluid EC-100. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is built in such a way that only the CPUs are cooled using cold plates and the auxiliary electronic components are cooled by the immersion fluid. A baseline CFD model using an air-cooled server with heat sinks is compared to the immersion cold server with cold plates attached to the CPU. The server model has a compact model for cold plate representing thermal resistance and pressure drop. Results of the study discuss the impact on CPU temperatures for various fluid inlet conditions and predict the cooling capability of the integrated cold plate in immersion environment.
Effects of Pores on Crack Propagation in Sintered-Silver Die Attach: A Baseline Model
Authors: Arriola Emmanuel , Lu Guo-Quan , Ubando Aristotle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Innovations in semiconductor devices are rapidly increasing, allowing electronic devices to operate at higher temperatures and frequencies for improved performance and efficiency. Sintered silver is a promising interconnection technology that provides excellent electrical and thermal connections for high junction temperatures. However, sintered silver bond-lines are porous, typically containing 15% to 20% volume fraction. This study aims to investigate the effects of these pores on the mechanical reliability of the bond-line. The simulations were conducted using ANSYS software with the SMART algorithm. Results of the baseline model indicate that the presence of pores reduces stress concentration on the crack tip. The location of the pore relative to the initial direction of the crack tip influences crack growth path and stress distribution. These findings from the baseline model can be used to design a more complex simulation which includes the actual interconnection geometry with its normal operating conditions.