bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of a study group on ablate and pace therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Brignole M. , Gammage M. , Jordaens L. , Sutton R. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract
Atrioventricular junctional (AVJ) catheter ablation followed by pacemaker implantation is now widely accepted for patients affected by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) not controlled by antiarrhythmic drugs. However, few data exist on its indications, optimal methodology and complications. Therefore a study group examined current practice in Europe and North America, using a questionnaire, followed by a Study Group Meeting to discuss the results. Based upon this, class I, class II and class III indications were proposed. Class I indications (for which general agreement existed) include drug-refractory PAF, correlating with important symptoms, the bradycardia–tachycardia syndrome already treated with a pacemaker, and continued PAF. Large differences exist in the current methodology, but consensus was reached on the technical approaches of right and left-sided AVJ ablation, and on the timing of pacemaker implant in relation to ablation. No complete agreement was reached on technical features such as catheter choice and heparin use. The recommended pacing mode was DDDR with mode switching.
Acute Encephalopathy Associated with Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Steininger Christoph , Popow-Kraupp Theresia , Laferl Hermann , Seiser Andreas , Gödl Irene , Djamshidian Schiva , Stöckl Elisabeth Puchhammer 
Published: July 2003

Abstract
Twenty-one patients aged 4–78 years with influenza A virus–associated acute encephalopathy were studied. Influenza A virus could be detected only in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen obtained from 1 of 18 patients, despite the use of a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay. Six patients experienced influenzal encephalopathy during the course of respiratory illness. Five of these patients had hypoprothrombinemia and 4 had increased serum creatinine levels, indicating hepatic and/or renal dysfunction. Fourteen patients experienced postinfluenzal encephalopathy ⩽3 weeks after resolution of acute respiratory symptoms. In 6 patients, focal areas of high signal intensity were visible on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain. Adenovirus DNA was detected in CSF specimens obtained from 4 (36%) of 11 patients with postinfluenzal encephalopathy. Thus, influenzal encephalopathy is frequently associated with metabolic disorders, whereas postinfluenzal encephalopathy appears to have different possible etiologies.
𝜋₁ of Hamiltonian 𝑆¹ manifolds
Authors: Li Hui 
Published: July 2003

Let

(
M
,
ω
)

(M, \omega )

be a connected, compact symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian

S
1

S^1

action. We prove that, as fundamental groups of topological spaces,

π
1

(
M
)
=

π
1

(

m
i
n
i
m
u
m

)
=

π
1

(

m
a
x
i
m
u
m

)
=

π
1

(

M

r
e
d

)

\pi _1(M)=\pi _1(\mathrm {minimum})=\pi _1(\mathrm {maximum})=\pi _1(M_{red})

, where

M

r
e
d

M_{red}

is the symplectic quotient at any value in the image of the moment map

ϕ
\phi

.
The rank of finitely generated modules over group algebras
Authors: Elek Gábor 
Published: July 2003

We show the existence of a rank function on finitely generated modules over group algebras

K
Γ

K\Gamma

, where

K
K

is an arbitrary field and

Γ
\Gamma

is a finitely generated amenable group. This extends a result of W. Lück (1998).
On a subspace perturbation problem
Authors: Kostrykin Vadim , Makarov Konstantin , Motovilov Alexander 
Published: July 2003

We discuss the problem of perturbation of spectral subspaces for linear self-adjoint operators on a separable Hilbert space. Let

A
A

and

V
V

be bounded self-adjoint operators. Assume that the spectrum of

A
A

consists of two disjoint parts

σ
\sigma

and

Σ
\Sigma

such that

d
=
dist
(
σ
,
Σ
)
>
0

d=\text {dist}(\sigma , \Sigma )>0

. We show that the norm of the difference of the spectral projections
\[

E

A

(
σ
)

and

E

A
+
V

(

{
λ

|

d
i
s
t

(
λ
,
σ
)
>
d

/

2
}

)

\mathsf {E}_A(\sigma )\quad \text {and} \quad \mathsf {E}_{A+V}\big (\{\lambda \,\, | \,\, \mathrm {dist}(\lambda , \sigma )>d/2\}\big )

\]
for

A
A

and

A
+
V

A+V

is less than one whenever either (i)

‖
V
‖
>

2

2
+
π

d

\|V\|>\frac {2}{2+\pi }d

or (ii)

‖
V
‖
>

1
2

d

\|V\|>\frac {1}{2}d

and certain assumptions on the mutual disposition of the sets

σ
\sigma

and

Σ
\Sigma

are satisfied.
𝐹-injective rings and 𝐹-stable primes
Authors: Enescu Florian 
Published: July 2003

The notion of stability of the highest local cohomology module with respect to the Frobenius functor originates in the work of R. Hartshorne and R. Speiser. R. Fedder and K.-i. Watanabe examined this concept for isolated singularities by relating it to

F
F

-rationality. The purpose of this note is to study what happens in the case of non-isolated singularities and to show how this stability concept encapsulates a few of the subtleties of tight closure theory. Our study can be seen as a generalization of the work by Fedder and Watanabe. We introduce two new ring invariants, the

F
F

-stability number and the set of

F
F

-stable primes. We associate to every ideal

I
I

generated by a system of parameters and

x
∈

I
∗

−
I

x \in I^\ast - I

an ideal of multipliers denoted

I
(
x
)

I(x)

and obtain a family of ideals

Z

I
,
R

Z_{I,R}

. The set

Max
⁡
(

Z

I
,
R

)

\operatorname {Max}(Z_{I,R})

is independent of

I
I

and consists of finitely many prime ideals. It also equals

Max
⁡
{
P

|

P

\operatorname {Max} \{P| P

prime ideal such that

R

P

R_{P}

is

F
F

-stable

}
\}

. The maximal height of such primes defines the

F
F

-stability number.
Discrete groups actions and corresponding modules
Authors: Troitsky E. 
Published: July 2003

We address the problem of interrelations between the properties of an action of a discrete group

Γ
\Gamma

on a compact Hausdorff space

X
X

and the algebraic and analytical properties of the module of all continuous functions

C
(
X
)

C(X)

over the algebra of invariant continuous functions

C
Γ

(
X
)

C_\Gamma (X)

. The present paper is a continuation of our joint paper with M. Frank and V. Manuilov. Here we prove some statements inverse to the ones obtained in that paper: we deduce properties of actions from properties of modules. In particular, it is proved that if for a uniformly continuous action the module

C
(
X
)

C(X)

is finitely generated projective over

C
Γ

(
X
)

C_\Gamma (X)

, then the cardinality of orbits of the action is finite and fixed. Sufficient conditions for existence of natural conditional expectations

C
(
X
)
→

C
Γ

(
X
)

C(X)\to C_\Gamma (X)

are obtained.
Criteria for irrationality of Euler’s constant
Authors: Sondow Jonathan 
Published: July 2003

By modifying Beukers’ proof of Apéry’s theorem that

ζ
(
3
)

\zeta (3)

is irrational, we derive criteria for irrationality of Euler’s constant,

γ
\gamma

. For

n
>
0

n>0

, we define a double integral

I
n

I_n

and a positive integer

S
n

S_n

, and prove that with

d
n

=
LCM
⁡
(
1
,
…
,
n
)

d_n=\operatorname {LCM}(1,\dotsc ,n)

the following are equivalent: 1. The fractional part of

log
⁡

S
n

\log S_n

is given by

{
log
⁡

S
n

}
=

d

2
n

I
n

\{\log S_n\}=d_{2n}I_n

for some

n
n

. 2. The formula holds for all sufficiently large

n
n

. 3. Euler’s constant is a rational number. A corollary is that if

{
log
⁡

S
n

}
≥

2

−
n

\{\log S_n\}\ge 2^{-n}

infinitely often, then

γ
\gamma

is irrational. Indeed, if the inequality holds for a given

n
n

(we present numerical evidence for

1
≤
n
≤
2500
)

1\le n\le 2500)

and

γ
\gamma

is rational, then its denominator does not divide

d

2
n

(

2
n

n

)

d_{2n}\binom {2n}{n}

. We prove a new combinatorial identity in order to show that a certain linear form in logarithms is in fact

log
⁡

S
n

\log S_n

. A by-product is a rapidly converging asymptotic formula for

γ
\gamma

, used by P. Sebah to compute

γ
\gamma

correct to 18063 decimals.
On the best possible character of the 𝐿^{𝑄} norm in some a priori estimates for non-divergence form equations in Carnot groups
Authors: Danielli Donatella , Garofalo Nicola , Nhieu Duy-Minh 
Published: July 2003

Let

G
\boldsymbol {G}

be a group of Heisenberg type with homogeneous dimension

Q
Q

. For every

0
>
ϵ
>
Q

0>\epsilon >Q

we construct a non-divergence form operator

L
ϵ

L^\epsilon

and a non-trivial solution

u
ϵ

∈

L

2
,
Q
−
ϵ

(
Ω
)
∩
C
(

Ω
¯

)

u^\epsilon \in \mathcal {L}^{2,Q-\epsilon }(\Omega )\cap C(\overline {\Omega })

to the Dirichlet problem:

L
u
=
0

Lu=0

in

Ω
\Omega

,

u
=
0

u=0

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

. This non-uniqueness result shows the impossibility of controlling the maximum of

u
u

with an

L
p

L^p

norm of

L
u

Lu

when

p
>
Q

p>Q

. Another consequence is the impossiblity of an Alexandrov-Bakelman type estimate such as
\[

sup
Ω

u
≤
C

(

∫

Ω

|

det
⁡
(

u

,
i
j

)

|

d
g
)

1

/

m

,

\sup _\Omega u\le C\left (\int _{\Omega }|\operatorname {det}(u_{,ij})|\,dg\right ) ^{1/m},

\]
where

m
m

is the dimension of the horizontal layer of the Lie algebra and

(

u

,
i
j

)

(u_{,ij})

is the symmetrized horizontal Hessian of

u
u

.
Banach spaces having the Radon-Nikodym property and numerical index 1
Authors: Martín Miguel 
Published: July 2003

Let

X
X

be a Banach space with the Radon-Nikodỳm property. Then, the following are equivalent. (i)

X
X

has numerical index 1. (ii)

|

x

∗
∗

(

x
∗

)

|

=
1

|x^{**}(x^*)|=1

for all

x
∗

∈

e
x

(

B

X
∗

)

x^*\in \mathrm {ex}(B_{X^*})

and

x

∗
∗

∈

e
x

(

B

X

∗
∗

)

x^{**}\in \mathrm {ex}(B_{X^{**}})

. (iii)

X
X

is an almost-CL-space. (iv) There are a compact Hausdorff space

K
K

and a linear isometry

J
:
X
→
C
(
K
)

J:X \to C(K)

such that

|

x

∗
∗

(

J
∗

δ
s

)

|

=
1

|x^{**}(J^*\delta _s)|=1

for all

s
∈
K

s\in K

and

x

∗
∗

∈

e
x

(

B

X

∗
∗

)

x^{**}\in \mathrm {ex}(B_{X^{**}})

. If

X
X

is a real space, the above conditions are equivalent to being semi-nicely embedded in some space

C
(
K
)

C(K)

.
COmplete GENome Tracking (COGENT): a flexible data
environment for computational genomics
Authors: Janssen Paul , Enright Anton J. , Audit Benjamin , Cases Ildefonso , Goldovsky Leon , Harte Nicola , Kunin Victor , Ouzounis Christos A. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract
Summary: We present a database of fully sequenced and published genomes to facilitate the re-distribution of data and ensure reproducibility of results in the field of computational genomics. For its design we have implemented an extremely simple yet powerful schema to allow linking of genome sequence data to other resources.
Availability: http://maine.ebi.ac.uk:8000/services/cogent/
Contact: genomes@ebi.ac.uk
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
† The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.
‡ Present Address: External Services Group, EMBL-EBI.
Research Joint Ventures
Authors: Caloghirou Yannis , Ioannides Stavros , Vonortas Nicholas S. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract.  Inter‐firm collaboration is not new. What is new is that such collaboration has exploded during the past couple of decades, in parallel to the intensification of international competition. Moreover, the nature of collaboration has changed, shifting from peripheral interests to the very core functions of the corporation, and from equity to non‐equity forms of collaboration. Importantly, cooperation focusing on the generation, exchange, and/or adaptation of new technologies has risen at very fast rates. Research joint ventures, the focus of this paper, belong in the latter category.The proliferation of RJVs has created extensive interest among economists, business analysts, and policy decision‐makers and led to the profusion of literature on the topic. This paper critically reviews the literature in industrial economics and strategic management that deals with RJV partner motives and RJV outcomes. The paper categorizes the different streams of this literature and indicates the state‐of‐the‐art, synthesizes important understandings, and suggests key nodes of a future research agenda.
Trade Liberalization and the Fiscal Squeeze: Implications for Public Investment
Authors: Khattry Barsha 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis article examines the impact of trade liberalization on the level and structure of government expenditures across countries, with particular emphasis on low income countries. It develops the argument that the policies employed during trade liberalization have resulted in a fiscal squeeze as a result of declining tax revenues and rising interest expenditures. To surmount this fiscal hurdle, expenditures on physical capital, which have negligible political ramifications, have been reduced. Other more politically sensitive expenditures, such as spending on social capital, have been financed by incurring additional debt. However, additional debt has exerted upward pressure on interest payments, further exacerbating the fiscal situation. The statistical analysis carried out to examine the evidence uses panel data for eighty developing and industrialized countries over the period 1970–98 and employs a fixed–effects regression framework to account for country–specific characteristics. The results indicate that trade liberalization has indeed resulted in declining revenues and higher interest expenditures and that these factors have contributed to the observed decline in infrastructure spending.
Women's Empowerment Through Home–based Work: Evidence from India
Authors: Kantor Paula 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which home–based production in the garment sector of Ahmedabad, India, serves to empower its female participants, defining empowerment in terms of control over enterprise income and decision–making within the household. It places this question within the literatures on resource theory and bargaining models of the household, both of which posit that improved access to resources increases women's power in the household. This study highlights why access to resources may not lead so directly to improvements in women's position in the household in the Indian context. It then discusses why home–based work may be less empowering than sources of work outside of the home. The arguments about the empowerment potential of women's access to resources through home–based work are tested by examining, first, the determinants of control over the income generated by women in home–based garment production and, second, to what extent access to and control over income from this source translates into involvement in decisions which are atypically women's and yet important to their lives. The results provide a better understanding of the potential of home–based work to offer women in urban India a source of economic activity that also can translate into increased intra–household power.
From Soviet Modernization to Post–Soviet Transformation: Understanding Marriage and Fertility Dynamics in Uzbekistan
Authors: Agadjanian Victor , Makarova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn this article we analyse the dynamics of marriage and childbearing in Uzbekistan through the prism of the recent socioeconomic and political history of that country. After becoming an independent nation in 1991, Uzbekistan abandoned the Soviet modernization project and aspired to set out on a radically different course of economic, social, and political development. We argue, however, that not only independence but also the preceding period of perestroika reforms (1985–91) had a dramatic effect on social conditions and practices and, consequently, the demographic behaviour of the country's population. Using data from the 1996 Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey we apply event–history analysis to examine changes in the timing of entry into first marriage, first and second births over four periods: two periods of pre–perestroika socialism, the perestroika years, and the period since independence. We investigate the factors that influenced the timing of these events in each of the four periods among Uzbeks, the country's eponymous and largest ethnic group, and among Uzbekistan's urban population. In general, our results point to a dialectic combination of continuity and change in Uzbekistan's recent demographic trends, which reflect the complex and contradictory nature of broader societal transformations in that and other parts of the former Soviet Union.
Family Property and the Limits of Intervention: The Article 27 Reforms and the PROCEDE Programme in Mexico
Authors: Nuijten Monique 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn the 1990s the Mexican peasants witnessed the introduction of a new Agrarian Law and the implementation of the land regularization programme, PROCEDE. In this article it is demonstrated that the privatization of previously communally held ejido land did not lead to the promised dynamic land market, nor to an increase in agricultural productivity. On the basis of an in–depth study of land tenure practices in the ejido La Canoa in Western Mexico, it is shown that the changes of 1992 did not address the main problems of peasant agriculture. The new Agrarian Law legalized practices which, although illegal, had already become quite common in ejidos throughout Mexico. In addition, it is argued that legal security does not necessarily reside in official registration by the state, but can also be based on local recognition of land rights. The main argument of the article is that property consists of complex sets of claims, rights and obligations that cannot be manipulated by forms of state intervention that reduce land tenure predicaments to technical problems.
Tibetan Range Wars: Spatial Politics and Authority on the Grasslands of Amdo
Authors: Yeh Emily T. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis article focuses on one of the most disturbing features of life on the Tibetan grasslands today: intractable, violent conflicts over pasture. The author argues that understanding spatial and historical dimensions of the process through which Amdo was incorporated into the People's Republic of China (PRC) helps us make sense of these conflicts. State territoriality attempts to replace older socio–territorial identities with new administrative units. However, histories remain inscribed in the landscape and lead to unintended consequences in the implementation of new grassland policies. The author draws on Raymond Williams’ insight into residual formations to theorize the relationship between range conflicts and secular state officials’ lack of authority. At the same time, dispute resolution by religious figures challenges both triumphalist readings of state domination and romantic notions of Tibetan resistance.
Conservation–related Resettlement in Central Africa: Environmental and Social Risks
Authors: Schmidt–Soltau Kai 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSince the Rio Conference of 1992, which declared the conservation of biodiversity and the creation of national parks to be priorities, resettlements resulting from conservation projects in Central Africa have been on the increase, as people living inside protected areas are relocated. Hardly any of these resettlements have been successful. There has been resistance to moving in the first place, and even returns to former villages inside the national parks. Resettlement is still the most common way to deal with people who happen to live in African national parks, but the risks which arise from these resettlements have led some scientists to rethink their position. This article focuses on the Congo River Basin. It reviews the only ‘official’ relocation programme in the region (Korup National Park, Cameroon) and evaluates different approaches of national parks in Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville) and Gabon. The author uses the Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction model introduced by Cernea to evaluate the risks faced by the resettled populations, and to elaborate some social and environmental guidelines to mitigate them.
On modelling data from degradation sample paths over time
Authors: Lin Tsung I. , Lee Jack C. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThis paper is mainly concerned with modelling data from degradation sample paths over time. It uses a general growth curve model with Box‐Cox transformation, random effects and ARMA(p, q) dependence to analyse a set of such data. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the proposed model is derived and future values are predicted, based on the best linear unbiased prediction. The paper compares the proposed model with a nonlinear degradation model from a prediction point of view. Forecasts of failure times with various data lengths in the sample are also compared.
Variable kernel density estimation
Authors: Hazelton Martin L. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThis paper considers the problem of selecting optimal bandwidths for variable (sample‐point adaptive) kernel density estimation. A data‐driven variable bandwidth selector is proposed, based on the idea of approximating the log‐bandwidth function by a cubic spline. This cubic spline is optimized with respect to a cross‐validation criterion. The proposed method can be interpreted as a selector for either integrated squared error (ISE) or mean integrated squared error (MISE) optimal bandwidths. This leads to reflection upon some of the differences between ISE and MISE as error criteria for variable kernel estimation. Results from simulation studies indicate that the proposed method outperforms a fixed kernel estimator (in terms of ISE) when the target density has a combination of sharp modes and regions of smooth undulation. Moreover, some detailed data analyses suggest that the gains in ISE may understate the improvements in visual appeal obtained using the proposed variable kernel estimator. These numerical studies also show that the proposed estimator outperforms existing variable kernel density estimators implemented using piecewise constant bandwidth functions.
Effective directed tests for models with ordered categorical data
Authors: Cohen Arthur , Madigan David , Sackrowitz Harold B. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThis paper offers a new method for testing one‐sided hypotheses in discrete multivariate data models. One‐sided alternatives mean that there are restrictions on the multidimensional parameter space. The focus is on models dealing with ordered categorical data. In particular, applications are concerned with R×C contingency tables. The method has advantages over other general approaches. All tests are exact in the sense that no large sample theory or large sample distribution theory is required. Testing is unconditional although its execution is done conditionally, section by section, where a section is determined by marginal totals. This eliminates any potential nuisance parameter issues. The power of the tests is more robust than the power of the typical linear tests often recommended. Furthermore, computer programs are available to carry out the tests efficiently regardless of the sample sizes or the order of the contingency tables. Both censored data and uncensored data models are discussed.