bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of the Extracranial Facial Nerve
Authors: Anand Vinod K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAlthough the expansion properties of peripheral nerves have been a matter of considerable study in recent years, investigations of the plasticity of cranial nerves, including the facial nerve, have been lacking. Clinicians, however, have long recognized the tenacity of facial nerve function in patients with slow‐growing benign tumors that enormously distort the nerve. An experimental study was designed to assess whether tissue expansion techniques can be applied to the extracranial portion of the facial nerves of cats. In eight cats the frontozygomatic branch of the facial nerve was expanded by stages in seven sessions over a period of 40 days. The length of the nerve increased an average of 95% without significantly impairing nerve function. Pressure changes in the expander averaged 75 mm Hg during each stage of expansion. Electroneurography was performed after each injection of the expander. Statistical analysis of these data did not show consistent evidence of demyelination or denervation, and all but one cat exhibited a normal blink reflex and had normal electromyographic findings at the end of the experiment. Histologic examination of the expanded nerves, however, did show inflammatory changes, intraneural edema, and occasional demyelination.
Murine Model of Interleukin‐8‐Induced Otitis Media
Authors: Johnson Michael , Leonard Gerald , Kreutzer Donald L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractInterleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a potent inflammatory mediator that is thought to control leukocyte recruitment and activation during inflammatory reactions, has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated the presence of IL‐8 in chronically inflamed human middle ear effusions. These data have led us to hypothesize that IL‐8 is responsible for the leukocyte recruitment seen in otitis media. Because the effect of IL‐8 on the middle ear mucosa has not been investigated and therefore its role in middle ear inflammation is not known, we investigated the ability of IL‐8 to directly induce inflammation in the murine middle ear. For these studies, ICR mice were used to test the hypothesis that IL‐8 could directly induce inflammation in the middle ear. Murine middle ears received 8‐mL transtympanic injections of human IL‐8 (25 mg/mL) in saline, heat‐killed Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 × 108/mL), or normal saline. Temporal bones were removed at 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours, decalcified, and processed for histologic examination. Noninjected murine temporal bones served as controls. Normal saline‐injected ears demonstrated little to no change as compared with temporal bones from noninjected ears. IL‐8‐injected ears histologically demonstrated thickening of the epithelial layer and subepithelial space (SES), with inflammatory cell infiltration in the SES peaking at 4 to 8 hours and resolving by 48 hours. Bacteria‐injected ears demonstrated findings similar to, although not as extensive as, those found in IL‐8‐injected ears (i.e., inflammatory reactions peaked at 8 to 24 hours and resolved by 72 hours). Our results demonstrate that IL‐8 is a potent inducer of middle ear inflammation and support the concept that IL‐8 may be one of the key cytokines responsible for the leukocyte accumulation and activation seen in otitis media.
Monitoring Eustachian Tube Opening: Preliminary Results in Normal Subjects
Authors: Mondain Michel , Vidal Dominique , Bouhanna Sylvie , Uziel Alain 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSonometry studies the changes of sound intensities induced by the eustachian tube opening in the external meatus when a constant sound is applied in the nasal cavity. The function of the eustachian tube is not disturbed by the test procedure. An original portable device with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio has been developed in our lab. This device was able to detect a 6‐dB sound pressure level (SPL) signal in a 100‐dB SPL noise. Longduration recordings of auditory tubal openings could be performed. This work presents the data found in normal subjects. One hundred twenty healthy ears were recorded. Eustachian tube openings were detected in 62.5% of the cases. Of the 1777 openings recorded, the average opening duration was 430 ms ± 183 ms. The average number of eustachian tube openings was 21.7 ± 16.4 (for 15 minutes). All swallowing did not necessary open the eustachian tube. This work shows that this new device allows long‐duration recording of eustachian tube function in everyday life conditions.
Three‐Dimensional Endoscopic Mode for Observation of Laryngeal Structures by Helical Computed Tomography
Authors: Yumoto Eiji , Sanuki Tetsuji , Hyodo Masamitsu , Yasuhara Yoshifumi , Ochi Takashi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe produced high‐quality three‐dimensional (3D) endoscopic images of the larynx using helical scanning computed tomography. Subjects included two normal volunteers and 10 patients: five with laryngeal cancer, four with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy, and one with atrophied vocal folds. Two vertically split hemilaryngeal images were displayed together with the oral and tracheal views. Although motion artifacts were seen in four patients, laryngeal structures including the vocal fold, ventricular fold, and ventricle were clearly identified in all subjects. In the patients with cancer, axial images showing the extent of the tumor in each patient provided more information than 3D endoscopic images. In the patients with RLN palsy and atrophied vocal fold, combination of 3D endoscopic and cross‐sectional images offered more diagnostic information than axial images alone.
Acute Sinusitis in the Rabbit: A New Rhinogenic Model
Authors: Marks Steven C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to create a rhinogenic model of sinusitis using an implanted foreign body in the nasal cavity of the rabbit. The study design was a prospective controlled trial of the experimental design. In this model an obstructing foreign body was placed into the nasal cavity and then impregnated with pathogenic bacteria. This model was studied histologically using wholemount techniques. Quantitative assessment of the degree of inflammation was made for the maxillary and ethmoid sinus and for overall effect for each animal. Bacteriologic study was performed in a limited number of animals. The results indicated that a significant infection develops in about half of animals. This peaks in intensity between 1 and 2 weeks after implantation and subsequently subsides with some evidence of long‐term changes present after 4 weeks. It is concluded that this is a viable and perhaps preferable animal model to study sinusitis. Further investigation is necessary to completely characterize this model.
Isolated Sphenoid Sinus Disease: An Analysis of 132 Cases
Authors: Lawson William , Reino Anthony J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSolitary involvement of the sphenoid sinus is a relatively uncommon entity. A series of 132 patients with isolated sphenoid disease accumulated over a 22‐year period is reported. A retrospective chart review was performed with special attention to the patients' presenting signs, symptoms, and radiographic findings. There were 80 patients with inflammatory disease, 38 with neoplasms, four with fibroosseous disorders, and 10 with traumatic and developmental lesions. The most common presenting symptom was headache, followed by visual changes and cranial nerve palsies. Cranial nerve abnormalities were encountered in 12% of the inflammatory cases, 60% of the benign tumors, and 57% of the malignant tumors. Radiographically, bone remodeling was associated with chronic inflammatory disease, especially mucoceles. Bone erosion was found principally with neoplastic disease, occurring rarely with mucoceles. Extension was associated with malignant tumors.
Oropharyngeal Scintigraphy: A Computerized Analysis of Swallowing in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Zohar Yuval , Grusko Ilia , Sulkes Jaqueline , Melloul Moshe M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study examines the oropharyngeal‐upper esophageal scintigraphic transit in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome, as well as the effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) on this transit. Scintigraphy is a safe, noninvasive test that is suitable as a screening test for oropharyngoesophageal motor disorders. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the swallowed radionuclide bolus was performed in 47 patients by means of a Cine Mode visual inspection and by computerized analysis. Three groups of patients were studied and compared: group 1, 10 healthy patients; group 2, 18 OSA patients before UPPP; and group 3, 19 OSA patients 6 months up to 2 years after UPPP. Oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy was normal in 90% of group 1 patients (9/10) as well as in group 3, where 95% of patients (18/19) had a normal transit unlinked to the degree of improvement in the respiratory disturbance index. The radionuclide transit was abnormal in 79% OSA patients(15/18) in group 2. Statistically significant differences of mean transit abnormalities between the three groups were found (
P
= 0.0001). Moreover, mean transit abnormalities in the OSA patients before UPPP were statistically significantly lower than in the group of patients after UPPP(56.2% vs 87.4,
P
≤ 0.05).
Effects of Chronic Administration of Kanamycin on the Basement Membrane Anionic Sites in the Crista Ampullaris of Guinea Pigs
Authors: Suzuki Mitsuya , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Kaga Kimitaka 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe authors investigated the effects of chronic kanamycin (KM) administration on the basement membrane (BM) anionic sites in the ampulla by studying the binding of cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI). KM sulfate was administered intramuscularly 'to guinea pigs with normal Preyer's reflexes daily for 10 or 17 days. The PEI distribution was unchanged on the subepithelial BM in the dark cell region and on the capillary BM in the crista ampullaris. However, PEI binding decreased significantly on the subepithelial BM in the sensory cell and transitional cell regions of those guinea pigs administered KM for 17 days. In the sensory cell region, the PEI distribution did not recover until 6 weeks after KM treatment. Findings suggest that chronic administration of KM severely alters the number of subepithelial BM anionic sites in the sensory cell region.
Indirect Laryngeal Photography Using Rigid Telescopes
Authors: Benjamin Bruce 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA technique for indirect laryngeal color photography for the office or clinic using rigid rod‐lens angled telescopes is outlined. The photographic equipment can be used for documentation at both direct and indirect laryngoscopy except that the latter requires purpose‐designed 70° or 90° telescopes. The method, which requires practice and patience, and the equipment are described in detail, and the difficulties and frustrations that are encountered are discussed.
Relief of Upper Airway Obstruction With Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation in the Canine
Authors: Goding George S. , Eisele David W. , Testerman Roy , Smith Philip L. , Roertgen Karen , Schwartz Alan R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHypoglossal nerve stimulation was investigated as a method to relieve an induced upper airway obstruction. Six dogs were implanted with a cuff electrode applied to each hypoglossal nerve and a pulse generator. After 4 weeks, the hypoglossal nerve was stimulated (50% duty cycle) for up to 8 weeks. At 12 weeks a double tracheotomy was placed, with a negative pressure intermittently applied to the upper limb, simulating inspiratory airway pressure. Unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation improved peak upper airway flow from an average of 0.1 L/s to 1.6 L/s (P = 0.0001). Seventy‐seven percent of the maximum possible flow(explanted tracheotomy tube) was obtained with unilateral stimulation. Histopathological evaluation revealed no nerve damage secondary to chronic stimulation. This study provides support for clinical trials of hypoglossal stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea.
Positron Emission Tomography in the Evaluation of the N0 Neck
Authors: Myers Larry L. , Wax Mark K. , Nabi Hani , Simpson George T. , Lamonica Dominick 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe presence of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with head and neck cancer is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Reports vary as to whether various conventional radiographic studies, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, confer an advantage over physical examination in the patient without clinical findings of cervical metastasis (N0). Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality that has recently been used for head and neck neoplasms. The use of PET in the evaluation of the N0‐staged neck in 14 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract is reported. Seven patients (50%) undergoing 13 neck dissections had pathologic evidence of disease. PET scans were positive in five patients with pathologically confirmed cervical metastasis. PET scans were negative in seven patients (11 neck dissections) with no pathologic evidence of disease. PET scans were positive for unilateral cervical metastasis in two of three patients with involvement of a single lymph node. PET scans were positive in two of three patients with more than two lymph nodes involved. PET had an accuracy of 100% in the eight patients with SCC of the oral cavity. In patients with oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma PET localized cervical metastasis in two of four patients with neck metastasis. In the patient with an N0‐staged neck on clinical examination, PET was found to have an overall sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 88%, and accuracy of 92%. CT demonstrated sensitivity of 57%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 80%, negative predictive value of 75%, and accuracy of 76%. PET showed a trend in increased accuracy (P= 0.11) over CT. PET appears to be a promising diagnostic aid that may be applied when evaluating the N0‐staged neck, especially for SCC of the oral cavity.
Inactivation of p53 and Amplification of Cyclin D1 Correlate With Clinical Outcome in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Nogueira Christine P. , Dolan Robert W. , Gooey John , Byahatti Seema , Vaughan Charles W. , Fuleihan Nabil S. , Grillone Gregory , Baker Errol , Domanowski Gerard 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe authors have investigated whether genetic abnormalities in two genes, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of p53 and amplification of the cyclin D1 gene, correlate with clinical outcome in 56 matched pairs of blood and tumor from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Frequency of p53 LOH was 47.4%, of cyclin D1 amplification 33.9%, and of both abnormalities together 23.7%. p53 LOH was associated with T4 (P = 0.003) and stage IV (P = 0.015) tumors. Cyclin D1 amplification was associated with recurrences and/or metachronous tumors (P = 0.007). The total number of p53 and cyclin D1 abnormalities (scored as zero, one, and two) show a pattern that seems to be additive; the increase in the number of these abnormalities is associated with a proportional increase in the frequency of T4, stage IV, presence of recurrences and/or metachronous tumors, and possibly a proportional decrease in the disease‐free interval in the sample. The association of the markers with recurrences and/or metachronous tumors persists if the tumor stage effect is mathematically removed. The combined analysis of the p53 and cyclin D1 abnormalities seems to be more informative than either of them individually and may have predictive value in SCCHN.
Up‐to‐date Report of Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment in Patients With Gustatory Sweating (Frey's Syndrome)
Authors: Laskawi Rainer , Drobik Christian , Schönebeck Claudia 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSeveral therapeutic approaches exist to treat gustatory sweating (Frey's syndrome) following parotidectomy. Because of the lack of effective treatment, a new therapeutic modality using botulinum toxin injections was presented previously by our group. The duration of the demonstrated positive effect was essentially unknown so far. Based on our experiences using this technique since December 1993, the purpose of this clinical investigation was to make an up‐to‐date report and demonstrate the duration of effect of BOTOX injections in patients with severe gustatory sweating. Nineteen patients with severe gustatory sweating have been treated with BOTOX by intracutaneous injections into the affected skin areas. The maximal follow‐up time was 33 months. The results were obtained by interviews and controls using Minor's starch iodine test. In all treated cases (n = 19 patients, 22 treated sides) gustatory sweating ceased completely within 2 days. Side effects were absent. In 12 patients gustatory sweating reappeared. The mean duration of effect was 17.3 months (subjective personal communication of 18 patients). Findings show that intracutaneous injection of BOTOX is a highly effective, safe, and minimally invasive treatment of Frey's syndrome with long‐lasting therapeutic effect.
Interpretation of Anatomic Variations of Computed Tomography Scans of the Sinuses: A Surgeon's Perspective
Authors: Meyers Robert M. , Valvassori Galdino 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFour hundred computed tomography (CT) scans of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were studied with particular attention to anatomic variations. Six specific variations were identified that may predispose the surgeon to inadvertent penetration of the orbit or anterior cranial cavity. These anatomic variants are: 1. lamina papyracea lies medial to the maxillary sinus ostium; 2. maxillary sinus hypoplasia; 3. fovea ethmoidalis abnormalities, such as low or sloping fovea and encephaloceles; 4. lamina papyracea dehiscence resulting in herniation of orbital content into the ethmoids; 5. sphenoid sinus wall variations such as septa attached to the carotid covering, and penetration of the sphenoid by the internal carotid artery or optic nerve; 6. sphenoethmoid cells (Onodi cells), the most posterior ethmoid cells pneumatizing lateral and superior to the sphenoid and intimately associated with the optic nerve.
Interactive Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Guided Biopsy in the Head and Neck: Initial Patient Experience
Authors: Fried Marvin P. , Hsu Liangge , Jolesz Ferenc A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBecause of its excellent soft tissue resolution, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can optimize image guidance for interventional and surgical procedures. Notably, needle biopsy of head and neck lesions has been used for years, deeper lesions often requiring some form of image guidance. The closed space of diagnostic MRI scanners proves cumbersome for intervention. The authors report on the first head and neck image‐guided biopsies performed in a new, investigational “open configuration” intraoperative MRI scanner. Vertical space between the scanner's upright coils gives access to the patient while imaging; image acquisition is as fast as 2 sec/image. Biopsies were performed on seven patients (parotid, parapharyngeal space, second cervical vertebra); five specimens were diagnostic. Both general anesthesia and intravenous sedation were used. The procedures were without complications. Imaging provided definition of anatomy to direct needle placement. Access to the patient allowed for both percutaneous and transoral approaches. The environment of the open magnet is well suited for biopsy of the head and neck, and near real‐time intraoperative MRI has promise for guiding more complex head and neck procedures. Further study should optimize the quality of the images and the interactibility of localization and targeting and fully utilize MRI's three‐dimensional imaging capabilities.
A Study on Epidermal Proliferation Ability in Cholesteatoma
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhiro , Shiwa Masanori , Kojima Hiromi , Miyazaki Hidemi , Kamide Yosuke , Moriyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWith the objective of estimating proliferation ability of epidermis of middle ear cholesteatoma, the difference in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining between the skin of the bone region of the external ear canal (control skin) and cholesteatoma epidermis and the effects on PCNA staining of subepidermal inflammatory cell infiltration of cholesteatoma were immunohistochemically studied using an antibody against PCNA. Transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α) is known to promote epidermal proliferation based on autocrine mechanism. But it is not clear that cholesteatoma epidermis is actually in the state of hyperproliferation under the effect of this growth factor. To estimate the effect of TGF‐α on epidermal proliferation ability, the authors compared the location of PCNA and TGF‐α in the same specimen. Unlike the control skin, not only epidermal basal cell layer and suprabasal cell layer, but also more superior layers were found to have high levels of PCNA staining in the epidermis of cholesteatoma. However, in the same cholesteatoma epidermal tissue, the PCNA staining was varied and the difference was ascribable to subepidermal cell inflammation. It appeared that the proliferation ability was high in regions where subepidermal inflammatory cell infiltration was severe. These differences in microenvironment are inferred to greatly affect proliferation ability of cholesteatoma epidermis.
Correlation Between Electrical Auditory Brainstem Response and Perceptual Thresholds in Digisonic Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Truy Eric , Gallego Stéphane , Chanal Jean‐Marc , Collet Lionel , Morgon Alain 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: To examine the relationships between psychophysical perceptions and the electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) in multichannel cochlear implant (CI) users and to determine the effectiveness of EABRs in electrode failure.Design: A descriptive study reported the EABR characteristics while the different electrodes were activated. Characteristics of the EABR and of the perceptual measures served as compared variables in a correlational study.Setting: The study was carried out in the audiology clinic of an otolaryngology department at a university hospital.Patients: The subjects consisted of nine consecutively selected habitual Digisonic DX10R multichannel CI users. Seven patients were postlinguistically deafened adult patients; two were congenitally deaf children.Main Outcome Measures: Ipsilateral recordings were performed using a previously published method. Morphology, latency, and amplitude measures of the EABR recordings were described, computed, and compared with the literature data for EABRs obtained while activating other types of CI and for acoustically evoked ABRs. Correlations between EABRs and behavioral perception thresholds were analyzed using the parametric Pearson's correlation test.Results: EABRs allowed the authors to detect failure of no. 10 electrode integrity in one child. Perceptual threshold measures were found to be highly significantly related to the EABR threshold across subjects and electrode position (n = 31, r = 0.98; P < 0.001; linear regression equation: perceptual threshold = 1.06 EABR threshold + 0.76). The latencies and amplitudes were found to be similar to those described in the literature.Conclusions: EABRs may be used to estimate settings for the Digisonic DX10 CI even in a pediatric population, although they cannot entirely replace behavioral measurements, especially in children. The EABR can be employed for electrode dysfunction diagnosis. Further studies are needed to determine whether recordings of EABR quality could contribute to the evaluation of functional prognosis during the rehabilitation.