bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between the Saharan Air Layer, Convective Environmental Conditions, and Precipitation in Puerto Rico
Authors: Miller P. W. , Ramseyer C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is a hot, dry, and dust‐laden feature that advects large concentrations of dust across the Atlantic annually to destination regions in the Americas and Caribbean. However, recent work has suggested the SAL may be a contributing factor to high‐impact drought in the Caribbean basin. While the SAL's characteristic dust loadings have been the focus of much previous research, fewer efforts have holistically engaged the co‐evolution of the dust plume, its associated convective environment, and resultant rainfall in Caribbean islands. This study employs a self‐organizing map (SOM) classification to identify the common trans‐Atlantic dust transport typologies associated with the SAL during June and July 1981–2020. Using the column‐integrated dust flux, termed integrated dust transport (IDT), from MERRA‐2 reanalysis as a SAL proxy, the SOM resolved two common patterns which resembled trans‐Atlantic SAL outbreaks. During these events, the convective environment associated with the SAL, as inferred by the Gálvez‐Davison Index, becomes less conducive to precipitation as the SAL migrates further away from the west African coast. Simultaneously, days with IDT patterns grouped to the SAL outbreak typologies demonstrate island‐wide negative precipitation anomalies in Puerto Rico. The SOM's most distinctive SAL outbreak pattern has experienced a statistically significant increase during the 40‐year study period, becoming roughly 10% more frequent over that time. These results are relevant for both climate scientists and water managers wishing to better anticipate Caribbean droughts on both the long and short terms.
Patterns of Alluviation in Mixed Bedrock‐Alluvial Channels: 2. Controls on the Formation of Alluvial Patches
Authors: Cho Jongseok , Nelson Peter A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the development and spatial distribution of alluvial patches in mixed bedrock‐alluvial rivers is necessary to predict the mechanisms of the interactions between sediment transport, alluvial cover, and bedrock erosion. This study aims to analyze bedrock alluviation patterns using a 2D morphodynamic model, and to use the model results to better understand the mechanisms responsible for alluvial patterns observed experimentally. A series of simulations are conducted to explore how alluvial patterns in mixed bedrock‐alluvial channels form and evolve for different channel slopes and antecedent sediment layer thicknesses. In initially bare bedrock low‐slope channels, sediment cover increases with increasing sediment supply because areas of Froude‐subcritical flow enable sediment deposition, while in steep‐slope channels the flow remains fully supercritical and the model predicts so‐called runaway alluviation. For channels initially covered with sediment, the model predicts a slope‐dependent sediment supply threshold above which sediment cover increases with increasing sediment supply, and below which the bedrock becomes fully exposed. For a given sediment supply, the fraction of bedrock exposure and average alluvial thickness converge toward the equilibrium value regardless of the initial cover thickness as long as it exceeds a minimum threshold. Steep channels are able to maintain a continuous strip of sediment under sub‐capacity sediment supply conditions by achieving a balance between increased form drag as bedforms develop and reduced surface roughness as the portion of alluvial cover decreases. In lower‐slope channels, alluvial patches are distributed sporadically in regions of the subcritical flow.
Impact of Increased Horizontal Resolution of an Ocean Model on Carbon Circulation in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Tsujino H. , Nakano H. , Sakamoto K. , Urakawa L. S. , Toyama K. , Kosugi N. , Kitamura Y. , Ishii M. , Nishikawa S. , Nishikawa H. , Sugiyama T. , Ishikawa Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe impact of resolving western boundary currents and mesoscale eddies on a carbon circulation simulation for the North Pacific Ocean is investigated to evaluate the merits of using high‐resolution ocean biogeochemical models for climate projections. Simulations by a 100‐km resolution global ocean biogeochemical model with and without embedding a 10‐km resolution model in the North Pacific Ocean are compared. The major improvement in the high‐resolution simulation is the representation of the Kuroshio, its extension current, and the recirculation gyres formed to its south and north, resulting in a proper representation of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW) and an increase in storage of the anthropogenic CO2 (Canth) in STMW by about two‐thirds. The larger storage rate in STMW is caused by supply of a larger amount of warm surface water containing rich Canth to the formation region by the intensified Kuroshio. A huge buoyancy loss from this warm water results in the increased formation of STMW that occupies a vast area in the western subtropical gyre. The surface uptake of Canth in the formation region of STMW is slightly increased but is largely comparable to that of the low‐resolution model. Moreover, there is no structural difference in Canth uptake in other parts of the subtropical region. Thus, the improvement of Canth distribution can be understood as a redistribution of water mass in the subtropical gyre by the improved circulation. The present assessment motivates the use of a high horizontal resolution ocean model in next‐generation projection experiments with carbon cycles.
Exploring hematopoiesis in zebrafish using forward genetic screening
Authors: Song Hyemin , Shin Unbeom , Nam Uijeong , Lee Yoonsung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractZebrafish have emerged as a powerful animal model for investigating the genetic basis of hematopoiesis. Owing to its close genetic and developmental similarities to humans, combined with its rapid reproduction and extensive genomic resources, zebrafish have become a versatile and efficient platform for genetic studies. In particular, the forward genetic screening approach has enabled the unbiased identification of novel genes and pathways related to blood development, from hematopoietic stem cell formation to terminal differentiation. Recent advances in mutant gene mapping have further expanded the scope of forward genetic screening, facilitating the identification of previously unknown genes and pathways relevant to hematopoiesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the zebrafish forward screening approach for hematopoietic gene discovery and highlight the key genes and pathways identified using this method. This review emphasizes the importance of zebrafish as a model system for understanding the genetic basis of hematopoiesis and its associated disorders.
Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) in primary hypertension: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Ran , Li Yali , Lv Lei , Zhang Weiliang , Guo Xiaoxia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) in treating primary hypertension. PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase databases were searched for articles published until April 18, 2023. The outcomes included were diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), 24 h DBP, 24 h SBP, and adverse events. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3. This study included three trials. CS-3150 5 mg had a greater effect on lowering the SBP, DBP, 24 h SBP, and 24 h DBP than either CS-3150 2.5 mg or eplerenone 50 mg. In contrast, CS-3150 2.5 mg and eplerenone 50 mg showed no significant difference in lowering DBP, SBP, 24 h DBP, and 24 h SBP. Moreover, adverse events occurred at comparable rates in the three groups. CS-3150 (especially CS-3150 5 mg) is an effective and safe treatment for primary hypertension; which can reduce blood pressure and alleviate hypertensive symptoms.
Enhanced peripheral levels of BDNF and proBDNF: elucidating neurotrophin dynamics in cocaine use disorder
Authors: Pettorruso Mauro , Miuli Andrea , Clemente Katia , Mancusi Gianluca , Migliara Giuseppe , Di Carlo Francesco , Pernaci Giulia , Di Crosta Teresa , Santorelli Mario , d’Andrea Giacomo , De Risio Luisa , Ciavarella Mariaceleste , Baccolini Valentina , Di Meo Ilenia , Cataldo Ivana , Sensi Stefano L. , Martinotti Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor, proBDNF, are known to significantly contribute to brain homeostasis, neuroplasticity, and neuronal remodeling. Although these neurotrophins are thought to have opposing roles, both play a critical part in shaping long-lasting behavioral changes following substance use. In this context, our study sought to explore the implications of these neurotrophins in the pathophysiology of cocaine use disorder (CUD). We conducted a case-control study, which included 28 individuals seeking treatment for CUD and 38 matched healthy participants. We measured peripheral neurotrophin concentrations via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, all participants were screened for cocaine-associated pathways (e.g., cocaine intake, craving intensity), along with associated psychopathological data. Our findings highlighted an increased concentration of BDNF and proBDNF in CUD individuals when compared to healthy controls (BDNF: 18092.80 ± 6844.62 vs. 11334.42 ± 5061.85 pg/ml, p < 0.001; proBDNF: 87.03 ± 33.23 vs. 55.70 ± 23.26 ng/ml, p < 0.001). We further corroborated the relationship between neurotrophin levels and CUD using a linear regression model. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the proBDNF to BDNF ratio between the two groups. Interestingly, our study also demonstrated the influence of factors like usage of psychotropic medications, history of psychiatric hospitalizations, and psychiatric diagnoses on neurotrophin dynamics. In conclusion, our study underscores the significance of neurotrophin fluctuations in CUD. The observed increase in BDNF and proBDNF levels could play a pivotal role in driving craving and relapse risk. Thus, a nuanced understanding of these neurobiological underpinnings in CUD might contribute to the development of more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies.
Transcriptomic analysis identifies B-lymphocyte kinase as a therapeutic target for desmoplastic small round cell tumor cancer stem cell-like cells
Authors: Magrath Justin W. , Flinchum Dane A. , Hartono Alifiani B. , Sampath Shruthi Sanjitha , O’Grady Tina M. , Baddoo Melody , Haoyang Liang , Xu Xiaojiang , Flemington Erik K. , Lee Sean B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive pediatric cancer caused by the EWSR1-WT1 fusion oncoprotein. The tumor is refractory to treatment with a 5-year survival rate of only 15–25%, necessitating the development of novel therapeutics, especially those able to target chemoresistant subpopulations. Novel in vitro cancer stem cell-like (CSC-like) culture conditions increase the expression of stemness markers (SOX2, NANOG) and reduce DSRCT cell line susceptibility to chemotherapy while maintaining the ability of DSRCT cells to form xenografts. To gain insights into this chemoresistant model, RNA-seq was performed to elucidate transcriptional alterations between DSRCT cells grown in CSC-like spheres and normal 2-dimensional adherent state. Commonly upregulated and downregulated genes were identified and utilized in pathway analysis revealing upregulation of pathways related to chromatin assembly and disassembly and downregulation of pathways including cell junction assembly and extracellular matrix organization. Alterations in chromatin assembly suggest a role for epigenetics in the DSRCT CSC-like state, which was further investigated with ATAC-seq, identifying over 10,000 differentially accessible peaks, including 4444 sphere accessible peaks and 6,120 adherent accessible peaks. Accessible regions were associated with higher gene expression, including increased accessibility of the CSC marker SOX2 in CSC-like culture conditions. These analyses were further utilized to identify potential CSC therapeutic targets, leading to the identification of B-lymphocyte kinase (BLK) as a CSC-enriched, EWSR1-WT1-regulated, druggable target. BLK inhibition and knockdown reduced CSC-like properties, including abrogation of tumorsphere formation and stemness marker expression. Importantly, BLK knockdown reduced DSRCT CSC-like cell chemoresistance, making its inhibition a promising target for future combination therapy.
15-Lipoxygenase promotes resolution of inflammation in lymphedema by controlling Treg cell function through IFN-β
Authors: Zamora A. , Nougué M. , Verdu L. , Balzan E. , Draia-Nicolau T. , Benuzzi E. , Pujol F. , Baillif V. , Lacazette E. , Morfoisse F. , Galitzky J. , Bouloumié A. , Dubourdeau M. , Chaput B. , Fazilleau N. , Malloizel-Delaunay J. , Bura-Rivière A. , Prats A. C. , Garmy-Susini B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLymphedema (LD) is characterized by the accumulation of interstitial fluid, lipids and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the limb. Here, we find that LD tissues from women who developed LD after breast cancer exhibit an inflamed gene expression profile. Lipidomic analysis reveals decrease in specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) generated by the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in LD. In mice, the loss of SPM is associated with an increase in apoptotic regulatory T (Treg) cell number. In addition, the selective depletion of 15-LO in the lymphatic endothelium induces an aggravation of LD that can be rescued by Treg cell adoptive transfer or ALOX15-expressing lentivector injections. Mechanistically, exogenous injections of the pro-resolving cytokine IFN−β restores both 15-LO expression and Treg cell number in a mouse model of LD. These results provide evidence that lymphatic 15-LO may represent a therapeutic target for LD by serving as a mediator of Treg cell populations to resolve inflammation.
AI co-pilot bronchoscope robot
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Liu Lilu , Xiang Pingyu , Fang Qin , Nie Xiuping , Ma Honghai , Hu Jian , Xiong Rong , Wang Yue , Lu Haojian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe unequal distribution of medical resources and scarcity of experienced practitioners confine access to bronchoscopy primarily to well-equipped hospitals in developed regions, contributing to the unavailability of bronchoscopic services in underdeveloped areas. Here, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) co-pilot bronchoscope robot that empowers novice doctors to conduct lung examinations as safely and adeptly as experienced colleagues. The system features a user-friendly, plug-and-play catheter, devised for robot-assisted steering, facilitating access to bronchi beyond the fifth generation in average adult patients. Drawing upon historical bronchoscopic videos and expert imitation, our AI–human shared control algorithm enables novice doctors to achieve safe steering in the lung, mitigating misoperations. Both in vitro and in vivo results underscore that our system equips novice doctors with the skills to perform lung examinations as expertly as seasoned practitioners. This study offers innovative strategies to address the pressing issue of medical resource disparities through AI assistance.
A stratospheric precursor of East Asian summer droughts and floods
Authors: Zhang Ruhua , Zhou Wen , Tian Wenshou , Zhang Yue , Zhang Junxia , Luo Jiali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEast Asian floods and droughts in summer show a typical dipole pattern with a north-south oscillation centered near 30°N, called the southern drought–northern flood (SDNF) pattern, which has caused significant economic losses and casualties in the past three decades. However, effective explanations and predictions are still challenging, making suitable disaster prevention more difficult. Here, we find that a key predictor of this dipole pattern is the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO, tropical winds above 10 km). The QBO can modulate precipitation in East Asia, contributing the largest explained variation of this dipole pattern. A QBO-included statistical model can effectively predict summer floods and droughts at least three months in advance and explain at least 75.8% of precipitation variation. More than 30% of the SDNF pattern is attributed to the QBO in July-August 2020 and 2021. This result suggests a good prospect for using the tropical mid- to upper atmosphere in seasonal forecasts for summer.
Thermal Hall effects due to topological spin fluctuations in YMnO3
Authors: Kim Ha-Leem , Saito Takuma , Yang Heejun , Ishizuka Hiroaki , Coak Matthew John , Lee Jun Han , Sim Hasung , Oh Yoon Seok , Nagaosa Naoto , Park Je-Geun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe thermal Hall effect in magnetic insulators has been considered a powerful method for examining the topological nature of charge-neutral quasiparticles such as magnons. Yet, unlike the kagome system, the triangular lattice has received less attention for studying the thermal Hall effect because the scalar spin chirality cancels out between adjacent triangles. However, such cancellation cannot be perfect if the triangular lattice is distorted. Here, we report that the trimerized triangular lattice of multiferroic hexagonal manganite YMnO3 produces a highly unusual thermal Hall effect under an applied magnetic field. Our theoretical calculations demonstrate that the thermal Hall conductivity is related to the splitting of the otherwise degenerate two chiralities of its 120˚ magnetic structure. Our result is one of the most unusual cases of topological physics due to this broken Z2 symmetry of the chirality in the supposedly paramagnetic state of YMnO3, due to strong topological spin fluctuations with the additional intricacy of a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.
Operando formation of highly efficient electrocatalysts induced by heteroatom leaching
Authors: Liu Cong , Mei Bingbao , Shi Zhaoping , Jiang Zheng , Ge Junjie , Xing Wei , Song Ping , Xu Weilin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous nano-electrocatalysts doped with nonmetal atoms have been studied extensively based on the so-called dopant-based active sites, while little attention has been paid to the stability of these dopants under working conditions. In this work, we reveal significantly, when the redox working potential is too low negatively or too high positively, the active sites based on these dopants actually tend to collapse. It means that some previously observed “remarkable catalytic performance” actually originated from some unknown active sites formed in situ. Take the Bi-F for the CO2RR as an example, results show that the observed remarkable activity and stability were not directly from F-based active sites, but the defective Bi sites formed in situ after the dopant leaching. Such a fact is unveiled from several heteroatom-doped nanocatalysts for four typical reactions (CO2RR, HER, ORR, and OER). This work provides insight into the role of dopants in electrocatalysis.
Rydberg electron stabilizes the charge localized state of the diamine cation
Authors: Reimann Marc , Kirsch Christoph , Sebastiani Daniel , Kaupp Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA previous controversial discussion regarding the interpretation of Rydberg spectra of gaseous dimethylpiperazine (DMP) as showing the co-existence of a localized and delocalized mixed-valent DMP+ radical cation is revisited. Here we show by high-level quantum-chemical calculations that an apparent barrier separating localized and delocalized DMP+ minima in previous multi-reference configuration-interaction (MRCI) calculations and in some other previous computations were due to unphysical curve crossings of the reference wave functions. These discontinuities on the surface are removed in state-averaged MRCI calculations and with some other, orthogonal high-level approaches, which do not provide a barrier and thus no localized minimum. We then proceed to show that in the actually observed Rydberg state of neutral DMP the 3s-type Rydberg electron binds more strongly to a localized positive charge distribution, generating a localized DMP* Rydberg-state minimum, which is absent for the DMP+ cation. This work presents a case where interactions of a Rydberg electron with the underlying cationic core alter molecular structure in a fundamental way.
Gene therapy with bidridistrogene xeboparvovec for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2E/R4: phase 1/2 trial results
Authors: Mendell Jerry R. , Pozsgai Eric R. , Lewis Sarah , Griffin Danielle A. , Lowes Linda P. , Alfano Lindsay N. , Lehman Kelly J. , Church Kathleen , Reash Natalie F. , Iammarino Megan A. , Sabo Brenna , Potter Rachael , Neuhaus Sarah , Li Xiaoxi , Stevenson Herb , Rodino-Klapac Louise R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLimb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2E/R4 is caused by mutations in the β-sarcoglycan (SGCB) gene, leading to SGCB deficiency and consequent muscle loss. We developed a gene therapy approach based on functional replacement of the deficient SCB protein. Here we report interim results from a first-in-human, open-label, nonrandomized, phase 1/2 trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of bidridistrogene xeboparvovec, an adeno-associated virus-based gene therapy containing a codon-optimized, full-length human SGCB transgene. Patients aged 4–15 years with confirmed SGCB mutations at both alleles received one intravenous infusion of either 1.85 × 1013 vector genome copies kg−1 (Cohort 1, n = 3) or 7.41 × 1013 vector gene copies kg−1 (Cohort 2, n = 3). Primary endpoint was safety, and secondary endpoint was change in SGCB expression in skeletal muscle from baseline to Day 60. We report interim Year 2 results (trial ongoing). The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were vomiting (four of six patients) and gamma-glutamyl transferase increase (three of six patients). Serious adverse events resolved with standard therapies. Robust SGCB expression was observed: Day 60 mean (s.d.) percentage of normal expression 36.2% (2.7%) in Cohort 1 and 62.1% (8.7%) in Cohort 2. Post hoc exploratory analysis showed preliminary motor improvements using the North Star Assessment for Limb-girdle Type Muscular Dystrophies maintained through Year 2. The 2-year safety and efficacy of bidridistrogene xeboparvovec support clinical development advancement. Further studies are necessary to confirm the long-term safety and efficacy of this gene therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03652259.
Image restoration of degraded time-lapse microscopy data mediated by near-infrared imaging
Authors: Gritti Nicola , Power Rory M. , Graves Alyssa , Huisken Jan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTime-lapse fluorescence microscopy is key to unraveling biological development and function; however, living systems, by their nature, permit only limited interrogation and contain untapped information that can only be captured by more invasive methods. Deep-tissue live imaging presents a particular challenge owing to the spectral range of live-cell imaging probes/fluorescent proteins, which offer only modest optical penetration into scattering tissues. Herein, we employ convolutional neural networks to augment live-imaging data with deep-tissue images taken on fixed samples. We demonstrate that convolutional neural networks may be used to restore deep-tissue contrast in GFP-based time-lapse imaging using paired final-state datasets acquired using near-infrared dyes, an approach termed InfraRed-mediated Image Restoration (IR2). Notably, the networks are remarkably robust over a wide range of developmental times. We employ IR2 to enhance the information content of green fluorescent protein time-lapse images of zebrafish and Drosophila embryo/larval development and demonstrate its quantitative potential in increasing the fidelity of cell tracking/lineaging in developing pescoids. Thus, IR2 is poised to extend live imaging to depths otherwise inaccessible.