bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventilation-perfusion scan for diagnosing pulmonary embolism: do chest x-rays matter?
Authors: Conrad Thomas J. , Lau Han X. , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Alghamry Alaa , Lee Joseph C. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan coupled with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is commonly used for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). An abnormal chest x-ray (CXR) is deemed to hinder the interpretation of V/Q scan and therefore a normal CXR is recommended prior to V/Q scan.

Aims
To determine if an abnormal CXR impacted on V/Q scan interpretation and subsequent management.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis of all patients who underwent a V/Q scan for diagnosis of suspected acute PE between March 2016 and 2022 was performed. CXR reports were reviewed and classified as normal or abnormal. Low-dose computerised tomography was routinely performed in patients above the age of 70. Data regarding V/Q scan results and subsequent management including initiation of anticoagulation for PE or further diagnostic investigations were collected.

Results
A total of 340 cases were evaluated. Of the positive V/Q scans (92/340), 98.3% of the normal CXR were anticoagulated compared to 100% of the abnormal CXR group. Of the negative V/Q scans (239/340), no cases were started on anticoagulation and no further investigations were performed across both normal and abnormal CXR groups. Indeterminate results occurred in only 9 cases with no significant difference in management between normal and abnormal CXR groups.

Conclusion
An abnormal CXR does not affect the reliability of V/Q scan interpretation in the diagnosis of PE when coupled with SPECT. Unless clinically indicated, the mandate by clinical society guidelines for a normal CXR prior to V/Q should be revisited.
Using VARSKIN+v1.2 to estimate dose from direct skin contamination with radionuclides 223Ra, 212Pb and 225Ac; considerations for Nuclear Medicine staff and associated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Authors: Thomson William H. 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To calculate depth-weighted doses for 223Ra, 212Pb and 225Ac for the skin sites of trunk, arms/legs, face, wrist, back of hand, fingertip, back and side of fingers using VARSKIN+v1.2.

Methods
Published depth distribution histograms of the basal cells were used with dose averaging in VARSKIN+v1.2. A density correction factor was applied for the 1 g/cc within VARSKIN. Results were compared to the regulatory 70 µm depth and to average depth values for the skin sites.

Results

223Ra has no alpha component at the regulatory 70 µm. This dose is exceeded by the depth-weighted dose rates for all sites (except the fingertip) with factors ×74 (back of finger) to x3600 (trunk). 212Pb and 225Ac have alpha contributions at 70 µm. . For 212Pb, this dose value is greater by over ×2 than the depth-weighted dose rate for the wrist, back of hand, and finger sites, and underestimates dose rates for the other sites. For 225Ac, the 70µm dose rate is exceeded by the depth-weighted dose rates for the trunk, face, arms/legs by factors of ×4–10. Using fixed depth values, the depth-weighted dose rates are larger for all sites except the fingertip. The skin dose is also calculated for biological half-lives of 1, 3 and 6 h. Using the depth-weighted dose rates and a 3 h biological half-life, the activity for 500 mSv is in the range 9–177 Bq for the trunk, face, arms/legs, wrist and hand for all three radionuclides.

Conclusion
For alpha-emitting radionuclides a depth-weighted calculation gives more representative dose values. The very low activity values for 500 mSv skin dose to be exceeded have implications for appropriate staff PPE and training.
In-vivo correlations of fluorescent or radioisotope glucose-analogs in imaging cancer metabolism
Authors: Lin Hongchang , Kobayashi Mariko , Kushiro Keiichiro , Yanagie Hironobu , Shimazoe Kenji , Takahashi Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To investigate the impact of different tracer modifications on the imaging of cancer metabolism, focusing on the comparison of fluorescent glucose-analog tracers (2-NBDG and 2-DG-750) and the radiolabeled tracer 18F-FDG in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings.

Methods
We conducted an in-vitro comparative study using four cancer cell lines, each with unique glucose uptake characteristics. The study involved direct comparison of three tracers: 2-NBDG, 2-DG-750 and 18F-FDG, examining their internalization behaviors, metabolic functionality and localization effects in cancer metabolism imaging.

Results
The study revealed that each tracer exhibits distinct internalization behaviors correlated with imaging label size and type. 18F-FDG showed the highest uptake efficiency. Fluorescent molecules were found to accumulate in tumors primarily due to hydrophobic interactions and possible aggregation, indicating inefficiency in metabolism and suitability for imaging metabolic phenomena when compared to radiolabeled biomolecules.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that despite certain impracticalities, nuclear imaging, particularly using radiolabeled biomolecules like 18F-FDG, offers significant potential for accurately capturing biological phenomena. This is crucial for future advancements in both clinical and research settings. The study emphasizes the limitations of fluorescent molecules in imaging metabolic activities due to their inefficient metabolism and aggregation tendencies.
SDOH and Immigration Status
Authors: Baker Michelle , Campagna Vivian , Mitchell Ellen 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
Social determinants of health (SDOH), the environmental, economic, and social factors that influence people's health outcomes, are widely recognized across health and human services. In addition, there are other factors that can exacerbate SDOH; among them is immigration status. Its influence is so profound that it has been suggested that immigration be considered an SDOH in and of itself (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2018). Across the continuum, case managers need to be aware of the immigration status of their clients (the individuals for whom they advocate and provide services). This is particularly important when addressing the care needs and discharge plans for clients in acute care, community-based health, and workers' compensation. With workers' compensation, when an individual is undocumented and severely injured, immigration status directly impacts the services they may receive under state mandates. Moreover, such limitations can present ethical dilemmas for case managers, including what happens to workers if they are returned to their home countries.

Primary Practice Settings:
SDOH and immigration status can impact individuals in acute care, subacute care, community-based care, and workers' compensation.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
SDOH and immigration status highlight the disparities that exist within health and human services. Although equity is a core value of case management practice, the case manager's ability to provide equal access to care and resources can be severely limited because of the individual's immigration status. At all times, case managers must practice within their licensure and certifications. By recognizing that immigration status should be an SDOH, case management professionals and health and human services organizations can elevate the discussion of how to care for individuals with catastrophic injuries and illnesses who are undocumented.
Correlation Between Risk Factors, Degree of Vascular Restenosis, and Inflammatory Factors After Interventional Treatment for Stroke
Authors: Hao Liang , Gao Mingming , Guo Wei , Yao Zhigang 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To study the correlation between risk factors, degree of vascular restenosis, and inflammatory factors after interventional treatment for stroke.

Methods:
The clinical data of 96 stroke patients who received interventional therapy in our hospital from April 2020 to June 2021 were selected for retrospective study, and the postoperative follow-up was 1 year. Univariate and multivariate regression were used to analyze identified factors associated with interventional stroke efficacy. At the same time, the value of inflammatory factor levels in predicting vascular restenosis after interventional stroke was analyzed.

Results:
According to our findings, several risk factors, including body mass index ≥ 25.51 kg/m2, smoking, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes, were identified as contributors to poor postoperative efficacy following stroke intervention (P<0.05). Furthermore, a notable association was observed between the severity of vascular stenosis (P<0.001) and the levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 2, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein. The combined assessment of these serum inflammatory factors exhibited excellent predictive capability for postoperative vascular restenosis and stenosis severity, yielding a sensitivity of 84.30%, a specificity of 81.20%, and an area under the curve of 0.882.

Conclusions:
Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes have been found to be associated with suboptimal outcomes following interventional treatment for stroke. The assessment of preoperative levels of inflammatory factors holds promise in predicting the likelihood of postoperative restenosis to a certain degree.
Association Between Insulin Resistance Markers and Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Liu Haimei , Liu Denglu , Zuo Peng 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
This study aims to investigate the significance of insulin resistance markers in predicting poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after intravenous thrombolysis and to establish the corresponding nomogram.

Methods:
From January 2019 to March 2023, the data of 412 patients with AIS who received intravenous alteplase thrombolytic therapy in the Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected. Patients were randomly divided into training groups (70%, 288 cases) and validation groups (30%, 124 cases). In the training group, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to establish the best nomogram prediction model. The predictive ability of the nomogram was further evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, decision curve analysis, and reclassification analysis. Furthermore, the model was further validated in the validation set.

Results:
Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure, diabetes, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, triglyceride-glucose index, triglyceride-glucose-body mass index, ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with poor prognosis in AIS patients after intravenous thrombolysis (P<0.05). Compared with conventional factors, the nomogram showed stronger prognostic ability, area under receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.948 (95% CI: 0.920-0.976, P<0.001) and 0.798 (95% CI: 0.747-0.849, P<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions:
Triglyceride-glucose index, triglyceride-glucose-body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels upon admission can serve as markers for poor prognosis in AIS patients after intravenous thrombolysis. The nomogram enables a more accurate prediction of poor prognosis in AIS patients after intravenous thrombolysis.
Orbital Solitary Fibrous Tumors: A 20-Year Cases Series Study in a Single Center
Authors: Zhao Hong-shu , Shi Ji-tong 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the clinical manifestations, imaging, pathology, and prognosis of orbital solitary fibrous tumors (OSFTs). In addition, the surgical incisions and the treatment outcomes were also evaluated.

Methods:
A total of 89 patients with pathologically confirmed primary OSFTs were enrolled onto this study. Clinical and histopathological characteristics, imaging data, treatment modalities, and follow-up time, including tumor recurrence and death, were documented. The outcome measures included overall survival and disease-free survival time.

Results:
Among 89 eligible cases, the median age of presentation was 39 years (range: 5–80 years) at the initial diagnosis. The most common presenting symptom was painless proptosis (54, 60.67%), then palpable mass (31, 34.83%), swelling (29, 32.58%), and impaired ocular motility (27, 30.34%). Tumor-related severe impaired vision was found in 11 patients (12.36%), including no-light-perception blindness (6, 6.74%), light-perception (2, 2.25%), and hand-movement (1, 1.12%). The preoperative imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) accurate diagnostic rate of OSFTs was 17.98% (16, 95% CI: 0.098–0.261), and misdiagnosis rate was 25.84% (23, 95% CI: 0.166–0.351). Grossly intact masses were excised for 27 patients (30.34%). Among the 89 patients, 33 (37.08%) were recurrences, and the median of these recurrent patients’ interval between the first and the last operation was 7.33 years (range: 0.12–29.69 years). In 81 patients with complete follow-up data, the median course of the disease was 9.64 years (range: 1.55–33.65 years) from the onset OSFT. The overall survival rate of the 81 patients was 93.83% with a median course of 8.48 years (range: 0.38–30.4 years) from diagnosis of OSFT, and the disease-free survival rate of 81 patients was 91.36% with a median follow-up of 4.76 years (range: 0.08–19.22 years) after the last surgery. Of all the 81 patients, 5 patients (6.17%) developed local recurrence, and 3 patients (3.70%) died from tumor-related diseases, including pulmonary metastasis (2, 2.47%) and complications from intracranial lesions (1, 1.23%). Ten patients (11.24%) received postoperational radiation therapy, including 125I seeds implantation (5, 6.17%) and external beam radiotherapy (5, 6.17%), and remained no recurrence.

Conclusions:
In this series, OSFTs showed long courses and easy recurrence. Although it was very important to choose a proper surgical incision for intact resection of OSFTs at the initial surgery to avoiding recurrence, preoperative imaging is of very limited use since it is not able to identify OSFTs effectively. Postoperative radiotherapy may be beneficial to reduce the recurrence of OSFTs with malignant pathologic features.
Infrared gas analysis as a method of measuring seagrass photosynthetic rate in the face of desiccation stress
Authors: Capistrant-Fossa Kyle A , Dunton Kenneth H 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTPhotosynthesis, a core autotrophic metabolic process for aquatic and terrestrial organisms, is the backbone of the global carbon biogeochemical cycle. Inorganic assimilation of carbon in photosynthesis is relative difficult to measure in an aqueous medium since carbon readily reacts with ions in water. Therefore, aquatic photosynthesis is often measured using secondary methods that introduce uncertainty into measurements (e.g., oxygen evolution). One technique, infrared gas analysis (IRGA), uses a closed gas loop to calculate an accurate carbon budget. Multiple studies have successfully used IRGA with intertidal seagrasses, but it remains unknown how applicable the technology is for underwater plants. Here, we evaluate the potential of IRGA to mea-sure carbon assimilation of subtidal seagrasses temporarily removed from seawater, and evaluate how carbon fixation rates and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of subtidal seagrasses change as they desiccate. We use IRGA for four common seagrass species from the Western Gulf of Mexico (Halophila engelmannii, Halodule wrightii, Syringodium filiforme, andThalassia testudinum) paired with pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry to measure desiccation stress.Halophilahad the highest maximum carbon assimilation rate (6.06µmol C m−2s−1), followed byThalassia(5.58µmol C m−2s−1),Halodule(4.75µmol C m−2s−1), andSyringodium(3.63µmol C m−2s−1).Thalassiawas most resistant to desiccation stress as reflected by the plant’s ability to maintain high maximum leaf quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) while the other species were not. Additionally,Thalassiahad a slower desiccation rate (2.3% min−1cm−2) than 4.79%Syringodium filiforme(4.79% min−1cm−2) andHalodule wrightii(30.17% min−1cm−2). Together, our provide reasonable measures of carbon assimilation and support previous studies of seagrass desiccation stress gradients along depth. Overall, we recognize IRGA as a promising direction for future studies of seagrass productivity and recommend further investigation.
Bayesian Estimation of CooccurrenceAffinitywith Dyadic Regression
Authors: Newbury Arthur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEstimating underlying cooccurrence relationships between pairs of species has long been a challenging task in ecology as the extent to which species actually cooccur is partially dependent on their prevalences. While recent work has taken large steps towards solving this problem, the next question is how to assess the factors that influence cooccurrence. Here I show that a recently proposed cooccurrence metric can be improved upon by assigning Bayesian priors to the latent cooccurrence relationships being estimated. In the context of analysing the factors that affect cooccurrence relationships, I demonstrate the need for a generalised linear model (GLM) that takes cooccurrences and species prevalences (not cooccurrence metrics) as its data. Finally, I show the form that such a GLM should take in order to perform Bayesian inference while accounting for non-independence of dyadic matrix data (e.g. distance and cooccurrence matrices).
Bile acid metabolites predict multiple sclerosis progression and supplementation is safe in progressive disease
Authors: Ladakis Dimitrios C. , Harrison Kimystian L. , Smith Matthew D. , Solem Krista , Gadani Sachin , Jank Larissa , Hwang Soonmyung , Farhadi Farzaneh , Dewey Blake E. , Fitzgerald Kathryn C. , Sotirchos Elias S. , Saidha Shiv , Calabresi Peter A. , Bhargava Pavan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) supplementation ameliorated disease in mouse models of MS.MethodsGlobal metabolomics was performed in an observational cohort of people with MS followed by pathway analysis to examine relationships between baseline metabolite levels and subsequent brain and retinal atrophy. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, was completed in people with progressive MS (PMS), randomized to receive either TUDCA (2g daily) or placebo for 16 weeks. Participants were followed with serial clinical and laboratory assessments. Primary outcomes were safety and tolerability of TUDCA, and exploratory outcomes included changes in clinical, laboratory and gut microbiome parameters.ResultsIn the observational cohort, higher primary bile acid levels at baseline predicted slower whole brain, brain substructure and specific retinal layer atrophy. In the clinical trial, 47 participants were included in our analyses (21 in placebo arm, 26 in TUDCA arm). Adverse events did not significantly differ between arms (p=0.77). The TUDCA arm demonstrated increased serum levels of multiple bile acids. No significant differences were noted in clinical or fluid biomarker outcomes. Central memory CD4+ and Th1/17 cells decreased, while CD4+ naïve cells increased in the TUDCA arm compared to placebo. Changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota were also noted in the TUDCA arm compared to placebo.ConclusionBile acid metabolism in MS is linked with brain and retinal atrophy. TUDCA supplementation in PMS is safe, tolerable and has measurable biological effects that warrant further evaluation in larger trials with a longer treatment duration.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03423121FundingNational MS Society grant RG-1707-28601 to PB, R01 NS082347 from NINDS to PAC and National MS Society grant RG-1606-08768 to SS.Abstract Figure
Czech Republic butterfly barcoding reveals that distribution of genetic lineages depends on species traits
Authors: Sucháčková Bartoňová Alena , Škopek Patrik , Konvička Martin , Beneš Jiří , Spitzer Lukáš , Sbaraglia Claudio , Vrabec Vladimír , Papp Marešová Jana , Konvičková Hana , Faltýnek Fric Zdeněk 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe distribution of within-species lineages has been affected by Quaternary climate changes, and population differentiation has been influenced by species life histories. We investigated whether the distribution of individual mitochondrial genetic lineages reflects the constituent species’ traits. Using the functionally diverse group of butterflies, we examined which lineages are present in Central Europe, an important suture zone.LocationCzech Republic and Western Palearctic.TaxonA total of 140 butterfly species.MethodsWe sequenced DNA barcodes (cytochrome c oxidase 1) (959 sequences) of the entire Czech Republic butterfly fauna and used BOLD data to visualize the species’ biogeographic patterns across Europe. We categorised the distribution patterns of lineages inhabiting the Czech Republic, and used multivariate statistics to interpret these categories by the butterflies’ habitats, life histories, and threat levels.ResultsOpen habitat dwellers with specialist traits belonged to Eastern, Southern, and temperate lineages. Habitat generalists and woodland dwellers belonged to the Western lineage, formed several lineages, or displayed low genetic diversity; they often developed on woody plants, were large-winged, and had long flight periods. The most threatened species were the specialists of Southern, Eastern, and temperate lineages.Main conclusionsThe distribution of lineages in Central Europe reflects the history of Quaternary ecosystems: during cold periods of the Pleistocene, the diverse open habitats prevailed, and species could expand westwards. Such species also suffer the most under the current anthropogenic habitat alteration. On the other hand, the mobile generalists and woodland dwellers expanded to Central Europe during the Holocene. Our approach of linking the distribution of lineages with species traits can be transferred to other study systems, and we show that DNA barcoding of under-sampled areas represents a powerful tool for discovering the driving forces of biogeography.