bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐technique study of the glacial stratigraphy of Co. Clare and Co. Kerry, southwest Ireland
Authors: Richards Andrew E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA multi‐technique approach has been adopted in a study of the lithostratigraphy of glacial deposits in southwestern Ireland, including clast lithological analysis, fine sand geochemistry, low frequency mass specific susceptibility and fine sand calcium carbonate (equivalent) content. A revised lithostratigraphical scheme is suggested for the Quaternary glacial deposits of the region, together with a simple strategy that may be adopted for stratigraphical studies in other regions of southern Ireland. It appears that geochemical determinations via inductively coupled plasma–atomic absorption spectrometry are particularly useful in characterising and discriminating between till units within local stratigraphical studies and may be used to inform the applicability of other utilitarian techniques for use on a regional scale. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of tetraphenyltin dynamics by Raman and infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Pajzderska A. , Ecolivet C. , Girard A. , Ściesiński J. , Wasiutyński T. , Wa̧sicki J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPolarized and unpolarized Raman spectra and infrared absorption spectra were studied in a wide range of temperature and wavenumbers and related to group theory predictions. Molecular dynamics of an isolated molecule and lattice dynamics in the rigid molecule approximation were calculated. In the range up to 200 cm−1 the Raman spectrum revealed 19 modes whereas only nine external mode are expected. Such a large number of modes can be interpreted as a result of mixing of the internal (intraphenyl) vibrations with the lattice modes. The temperature dependence of the half‐width of the band centre at 122 cm−1 (at 110 K) obeys an Arrhenius‐type law corresponding to an activation energy about 3 kJ mol−1. This energy is comparable to the activation energy obtained from NMR study. This was assigned to the oscillations of the phenyl rings. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transform method in resonance Raman scattering: effect of mode mixing
Authors: Tehver I. , Kaasik H. , Hizhnyakov V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of mode mixing on resonance Raman scattering is examined on the basis of exact transform relations for the resonance Raman excitation profiles and absorption lineshape in the time domain. General transform relations are presented which hold for an arbitrary number of mixed modes. A detailed description of the excitation profiles of two mixed Raman modes is given, taking into account an arbitrary number of other modes. The dependence of the mixing parameters, change of vibrational frequencies and equilibrium positions in the excited state on the vibronic coupling parameters is found. It is shown that in the case of a substantial change in chemical bonds at the electronic transition, the mode mixing drastically changes the Raman cross‐sections/excitation profiles. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering studies in NaNbO3 ceramics
Authors: Lima R. J. C. , Freire P. T. C. , Sasaki J. M. , Ayala A. P. , Melo F. E. A. , Mendes Filho J. , Serra K. C. , Lanfredi S. , Lente M. H. , Eiras J. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRaman spectra of sintered NaNbO3 ceramics prepared by a new chemical route were obtained for temperatures between 15 and 297 K. From analysis of the results and dielectric permittivity measurements, we observed that the ceramic undergoes two diffuse phase transitions. The first phase transition was observed between 240 and 300 K and the second between 40 and 70 K. Also, analysis of band linewidths points to an orientational mechanism dominating the peak damping and a weak contribution of the anharmonic effect, in contrast to previous results obtained at high temperature. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seed compositional studies of some species of Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) native to Argentina
Authors: Maestri Damián M , Fortunato Renée H , Guzmán Carlos A , Torres Mariela M , Lamarque Alicia L 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeeds of 17 wild leguminous species belonging to the Papilionoideae subfamily were analysed for their proximate, fatty acid and sterol compositions. Centrosema virginianum, Tipuana tipu, Adesmia volckmanni and some species of Desmodium contained high amounts (>300 g kg−1) of protein. Geoffroea decorticans and Clitoria cordobensis were noteworthy for their high oil content (>350 g kg−1). The seed lipids had a high proportion of unsaturated (oleic and linoleic mainly) fatty acids. Linolenic acid had the highest value in Adesmia volckmanni (25.4% of total fatty acids). β‐Sitosterol was the major component of the sterol fraction. Chemical analyses indicated that all species studied are suitable sources of animal feed.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy for determining end‐point temperature of heated fish and shellfish meats
Authors: Uddin Musleh , Ishizaki Shoichiro , Okazaki Emiko , Tanaka Munehiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAttempts have been made to assess the end‐point temperature (EPT) of heated fish and shellfish meats by near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. Since the presence of water affects NIR spectra, the influence of the water content of samples on the performance of NIR spectroscopy for determining EPT was also evaluated. Blue marlin (Makaira mazara), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), red sea bream (Pagrus major), kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus) and scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) meats were heat‐treated at different temperatures (5 °C intervals between 60 and 100 °C). NIR spectra were measured at 2 nm intervals between 1100 and 2500 nm. A stepwise multiple linear regression method was used to develop a calibration curve. Changes in NIR reflectance spectra upon heat treatment were related to the heating temperature. Moreover, the interference from the variation in water content on the prediction of EPT was eliminated by selecting appropriate wavelengths. Plotting of NIR‐predicted temperatures determined from d2 log(1/R) at four specific wavelengths against the actual EPT revealed a promising linear relationship with correlation coefficients between 0.94 and 0.98. In the temperature range 60–100 °C, NIR reflectance spectroscopy was able to detect EPT of heated fish and shellfish meats with a prediction error of 1.9–3.1%.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Mycorrhization of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) to enhance the concentration and quality of essential oil
Authors: Kapoor Rupam , Giri Bhoopander , Mukerji Krishan G 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of association of two vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, Glomus macrocarpum and G fasciculatum, on the concentration and composition of essential oil in coriander (Coriandrum sativum) was studied. VAM inoculation increased the essential oil concentration in fruits by as much as 43%. Although significant variation in effectiveness of the two fungal species was observed, the quality of essential oil was significantly enhanced on mycorrhization. GC characterisation of essential oil showed increased concentration of geraniol and linalool in plants inoculated with G macrocarpum and G fasciculatum respectively.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Malted weaning food made from maize, soybean, groundnut and cooking banana
Authors: Onyeka U , Dibia I 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInfant malnutrition and mortality are common in Africa, although Africa is endowed with agricultural produce that could be harnessed through processing to produce adequate infant food. This project was set up to explore the possibility of using local raw materials to develop a nutritious, low‐dietary‐bulk, cheap infant food. The materials used included cereal (maize), pulses (soybean and groundnut) and tuberiferous plants (cooking banana). The grains were first germinated and dried or kilned before milling and formulation. The malted products were compared with fermented ones in terms of nutritional, dietary bulk and acceptability criteria. Malting increased the nutrient content, reduced the dietary bulk and enhanced the taste of the infant food. In terms of protein content, least gelation concentration and overall acceptability, malted samples had values in the range of 138–151 mg g−1, 150–175 g l−1 and 7.2–8.82 respectively, while the control (fermented) sample had values of 54 mg g−1, 100 g l−1 and 6.29 respectively. Roasting of malted cereals above 55 °C reduced the bulk reduction ability but enhanced the taste of the products. A combination of malted maize and soybean, roasted groundnut and cooking banana in the ratio of 50:15:15:20 gave a very recommendable weaning food for infants between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of pseudocereal and cereal proteins by protein and amino acid analyses
Authors: Gorinstein Shela , Pawelzik Elke , Delgado‐Licon Efren , Haruenkit Ratiporn , Weisz Moshe , Trakhtenberg Simon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMaize, wheat, amaranth, rice and soybean were screened for protein content. Alcohol‐soluble (A1 and A2) and glutelin (G1 and G2) fractions were isolated and compared in terms of their amino acid and protein compositions. The average proportions of nitrogen content between total alcohol‐soluble proteins (TASP) and total glutelins (TGlu) in the pseudocereals amaranth and soybean were about 1.8:26.9 and 14.9:12.3 respectively. In the cereals maize and wheat these proportions were 47.8:33.2 and 44.7:31.2 respectively. The sum of essential amino acids was 47.6 and 60.3 g per 100 g protein in amaranth and soybean respectively. The highest contents of methionine, lysine and arginine were found in the pseudocereals. The relatively high content of essential amino acids shows that pseudocereals could be used as a nutrient substitute for cereals.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Mucilage in linseed: effects on the intestinal viscosity and nutrient digestion in broiler chicks
Authors: Rebolé Almudena , Rodríguez María Luisa , Ortiz Luis T , Alzueta Carmen , Centeno Carmen , Treviño Jesús 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA study was conducted to obtain more information on the role of mucilage in the adverse effects produced by the use of linseed in chick diets. Mucilaginous material was extracted from linseed with hot distilled water (80 °C) for 2 h; after filtration the water‐soluble extract was freeze‐dried and ground. A maize/soyabean meal basal diet with supplemental linseed mucilage extract (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 g kg−1) was given to chicks from 8 to 28 days of age. During the last 3 days the excreta were collected quantitatively, then the chicks were slaughtered and the jejunal and ileal contents were collected. Feeding the mucilage extract‐containing diets to birds increased markedly, from 4.35 to 18.89 mPa s, the digesta viscosity at jejunal level. The apparent faecal digestibility of crude fat and major fatty acids and the dietary AMEn value (metabolisable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention by the body) were linear and negatively influenced by the inclusion level of mucilage extract. However, the presence of mucilage in the diet did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and individual amino acids. These results seem to suggest that mucilage in linseed has lower antinutritional properties than those reported for whole linseed or linseed meal when included in chick diets.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential bioactive compounds in health promotion from broccoli cultivars grown in Spain
Authors: Vallejo Fernando , Tomás‐Barberán F A , García‐Viguera C 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGlucosinolates, phenolic compounds and vitamin C were evaluated in two commercial and 12 experimental cultivars of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var italica) grown under uniform cultural conditions. The predominant glucosinolates in all broccoli cultivars were 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) and 3‐indolylmethyl glucosinolate (glucobrassicin). Other glucosinolates such as 4‐OH‐glucobrassicin and N‐methoxyglucobrassicin were detected in lower amounts. The total glucosinolate concentration ranged from 3.0 µmol g−1 dw (dry weight) in Pentathlon (experimental cultivar) to 28.3 µmol g−1 dw in I‐9905 (experimental cultivar). Flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives and sinapic acid derivatives were quantified in methanol extracts. The largest content of flavonoids was found in the commercial cultivars Marathon and Lord, around 60 mg kg−1 fw (fresh weight). The vitamin C content of broccoli ranged from 43.1 mg per 100 g fw in Lord (commercial cultivar) to 146.3 mg per 100 g fw in SG‐4515 (experimental cultivar).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Outcomes after emergency surgery for gastric perforation or severe bleeding in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Kasakura Yuichi , Ajani Jaffer A. , Mochizuki Fumiro , Morishita Yukie , Fujii Masashi , Takayama Tadatoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFree perforation and major bleeding in patients with gastric cancer are rare but serious conditions with potentially dangerous effects. To clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with these conditions and to determine the optimum management, we reviewed 16 cases of perforation and 13 cases of major bleeding in patients with gastric cancer who required emergency surgery.MethodsWe compared the clinical and histologic features of the patients with perforation and those with bleeding. Cox's multivariate regression analysis was used to compare survival rates between patients who underwent single‐step surgery or a two‐step radical procedure, between patients with stage I or II and stage III or IV cancer, between patients who underwent complete (R0) and incomplete (R1 or R2) resection, and between patients with bleeding and those with perforation.ResultsMany of the patients had advanced disease. There were no significant differences in clinicopathologic findings or survival between patients with gastric perforation and those with major bleeding. Patients who had major bleeding tended to have larger cancers. In the univariate analysis, gastrectomy (vs. no gastrectomy), R0 (vs. R1 or R2) resection, and lower stage (vs. higher stage) were highly correlated with improved survival time.ConclusionsOverall, patients with gastric cancers who underwent emergency gastrectomy had a poor prognosis, but it was better than that of patients who could not have gastrectomy because of the prXesence of advanced cancer. However, the survival rate was excellent in patients with early‐stage cancer who underwent complete (R0) resection. We recommend complete resection when possible. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:181–185. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Some confusion concerning integral isoconversional methods that may result from the paper by Budrugeac and Segal “Some Methodological Problems Concerning Nonisothermal Kinetic Analysis of Heterogeneous Solid–Gas Reactions”
Authors: Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBudrugeac and Segal (Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 33, 564, 2001) have generally criticized the integral isoconversional methods for producing a systematic error in the activation energy, whose value varies with the extent of conversion. We stress that this error is practically eliminated in the advanced integral isoconversional methods when using integration over small time segments (Vyazovkin, S. J. Comput Chem. 22, 178, 2001) © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 418–420, 2002
Kinetics and simulations of reaction between safranine‐O and acidic bromate and role of bromide therein
Authors: Jonnalagadda S. B. , Shezi M. , Gollapalli N. R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSafranine‐O, a dye of the phenazinium class, was found to exhibit intricate kinetics during its reaction with bromate at low pH conditions. Under conditions of excess concentrations of acid and bromate, safranine‐O (SA+) initially depleted very slowly (k = (3.9 ± 0.3) × 10−4 M−3 s−1) but after an induction time, the reaction occurred swiftly. Bromide exhibited a dual role in the reaction mechanism, both as an autocatalyst and as an inhibitor. The added bromide increased the initial rate of depletion of SA+, but delayed the transition to rapid reaction. The overall stiochiometric reaction was found to be 6SA+ + 4 BrO3 − = 6SP + 3N2O + 3H2O + 6H+ + 4Br−, where SP is 3‐amino‐7‐oxo‐2,8‐dimethyl‐5‐phenylphenazine. The fast kinetics of the reaction between aqueous bromine and safranine‐O (k = (2.2 ± 0.1) × 103 M−1 s−1) are also reported in this paper A 17‐step mechanism, consistent with the overall reaction dynamics and supported by simulations, is proposed and the role of various bromo and oxybromo species is also discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 542–549, 2002
Small business knowledge management success story—this stuff really works!
Authors: Frey Robert S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKnowledge management (KM) is the sustained, integrated enterprise‐wide application and optimization of intellectual capital to achieve organizational mission and goals. It provides private‐sector and government organizations alike with the ability to anticipate and adapt to unpredictable change quickly and appropriately. As measured in direct benefits to your company or organization, KM:

Improves enterprise‐wide decision quality and agility through just‐in‐time intelligence
Enhances mission performance
Facilitates informed business development actions such as Bid/No‐Bid decisions
Fosters rapid prototyping of proposals and technical solutions for clients
Encourages improved client support
Supports organizational risk‐mitigation initiatives.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed tree‐vegetative barrier designs: experiences from project works in northern Vietnam
Authors: Fahlén A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere has been an increased interest in the use of vegetative barriers in acid‐infertile upland management systems in Southeast Asia. This paper analyses the experimental designs and policies in early‐1990s of using vetiver grass barriers (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) in microwatersheds with short‐rotation tree plantations in Vinh Phu Province, Vietnam. Four different mixed tree‐vetiver models on degraded Ferric‐Plinthic Acrisols are discussed. It is concluded that the institutional approach of demonstrating vetiver barriers as a model had a poor cost‐wise performance, and that the model itself did not address the underlying issues of land degradation due to uncontrolled harvest of organic matter from the forest floors. The institutional approach was tainted with price distortions and ‘disbursement‐oriented’ actions. Alternative and more flexible on‐farm approaches, using V. zizanioides or the indigenous leguminous shrub Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC as vegetative barriers, were found to be more cost‐effective and likely to have a higher rate of adoption among farmers. The institutional changes in land allocation policies (securing long‐term usufruct users and transfer rights of agricultural and forest land) that took place in Vietnam in the early 1990s, in combination with a reorientation of programme policies to support needs of individuals and farmers' households, are hypothesized to have contributed more to the ‘regreening’ of the hills, than any single approaches of technical barrier designs by the Swedish‐Vietnamese Forestry Co‐operation Programme (FCP) in northern Vietnam. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetite tattoos
Authors: Huzaira Misbah , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTattoo removal is a significant problem. The extraction of magnetite (Fe3O4) ink tattoos by a magnetic field was investigated, with and without Q‐switched laser treatment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMagnetite particles (1.4 μm) were used to make mature, black skin tattoos on hairless albino rats. A Q‐switched ruby laser (QSRL) 3.5 J/cm2, 6.5‐mm spot size, 40‐nanosecond pulse width was used for treatment. Permanent magnets (1.4 T, 6‐mm diameter) were tested to extract the magnetite particles, alone and after QSRL. Lightening of treated tattoos was measured from digital photographs, and the amount and distribution of magnetite in skin biopsies was scored blindly.ResultsExternal application of magnets on mature magnetite tattoos without prior QSRL treatment, did not significantly extract, lighten, darken, or change their histologic appearance. A magnetic field applied immediately after QSRL treatment extracted some ink when epidermal injury was present, and caused significant redistribution of magnetite into the upper dermis with vertical banding along magnetic field lines. When applied for 3 weeks following QSRL, magnets caused darkening of tattoos.ConclusionsMagnetite skin tattoos can be manipulated by external magnets, especially after Q‐switched laser treatment. Magnetically‐extractable tattoos may be feasible. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:121–128, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231
Authors: Suchanek Kate M. , May Fiona J. , Robinson Jodie A. , Lee Won Jae , Holman Nicola A. , Monteith Gregory R. , Roberts‐Thomson Sarah J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) α is a ligand‐activated transcription factor that has been linked with rodent hepatocarcinogenesis. It has been suggested that PPARα mRNA expression levels are an important determinant of rodent hepatic tumorigenicity. Previous work in rat mammary gland epithelial cells showed significantly increased PPARα mRNA expression in carcinomas, suggesting the possible role of this isoform in rodent mammary gland carcinogenesis. In this study we sought to determine whether PPARα is expressed and dynamically regulated in human breast cancer MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Having established the presence of PPARα in both cell types, we then examined the consequence of PPARα activation, by its ligands Wy‐14,643 and clofibrate, on proliferation. With real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, we showed that PPARα mRNA was dynamically regulated in MDA‐MB‐231 cells and that PPARα activation significantly increased proliferation of the cell line. In contrast, PPARα expression in MCF‐7 cells did not change with proliferation during culture and was present at significantly lower levels than in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. However, PPARα ligand activation still significantly increased the proliferation of MCF‐7 cells. The promotion of proliferation in breast cancer cell lines following PPARα activation was in stark contrast to the effects of PPARγ‐activating ligands that decrease proliferation in human breast cancer cells. Our results established the presence of PPARα in human breast cancer cell lines and showed for the first time that activation of PPARα in human breast cancer cells promoted proliferation. Hence, this pathway may be significant in mammary gland tumorigenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corticobasal degeneration syndrome with basal ganglia calcification: Fahr's disease as a corticobasal look‐alike?
Authors: Warren Jason D. , Mummery Catherine J. , Al‐Din Amir S. , Brown Peter , Wood Nicholas W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 57‐year‐old man with a 5‐year history of progressive left‐sided rigidity and apraxia had extensive bilateral calcification of basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, dentate nuclei, and cerebellar white matter on brain imaging. The case is an example of radiological Fahr's disease accompanying a clinical syndrome of corticobasal degeneration. Possible pathogenetic and nosological implications of this association are discussed. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society