bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Mood Effects of Snoezelen Integrated into 24‐Hour Dementia Care
Authors: Van Weert Julia C. M. , Van Dulmen Alexandra M. , Spreeuwenberg Peter M. M. , Ribbe Miel W. , Bensing Jozien M. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of snoezelen, integrated in 24‐hour daily care, on the behavior and mood of demented nursing home residents.Design: Quasiexperimental pre‐ and posttest design.Setting: Twelve psychogeriatric wards of six nursing homes, spread over different parts of the Netherlands.Participants: One hundred twenty‐five patients with moderate to severe dementia and care dependency were included in the pretest and 128 in the posttest; 61 were completers (included in both pre‐ and posttest).Intervention: Experimental subjects received an individual 24‐hour snoezel program, based on family history taking and stimulus preference screening. Caregivers were trained, and (organizational) adaptations were made to fulfill the conditions for resident‐oriented snoezel care. The control group received usual nursing home care.Measurements: Observations were made on the wards using subscales of the Dutch Behavior Observation Scale for Psychogeriatric Inpatients, the Dutch version of the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory, and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Independent assessors observed video recordings of morning care and rated residents' behavior and mood using INTERACT and FACE, respectively.Results: Residents receiving snoezel care demonstrated a significant treatment effect with respect to their level of apathetic behavior, loss of decorum, rebellious behavior, aggressive behavior, and depression. During morning care, the experimental subjects showed significant changes in well‐being (mood, happiness, enjoyment, sadness) and adaptive behavior (responding to speaking, relating to caregiver, normal‐length sentences).Conclusion: Snoezel care particularly seems to have a positive effect on disturbing and withdrawn behavior. The results suggest that a 24‐hour integrated snoezel program has a generalizing effect on the mood and behavior of demented residents.
Relationship Between Self‐Assessed Masticatory Disability and 9‐Year Mortality in a Cohort of Community‐Residing Elderly People
Authors: Nakanishi Noriyuki , Fukuda Hideki , Takatorige Toshio , Tatara Kozo 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To examine the relationship between self‐assessed masticatory disability and mortality.Design: Prospective.Setting: Community based.Participants: Total of 1,405 randomly selected people aged 65 and older living in Settsu, Osaka Prefecture, in October 1992.Measurements: Data on health status as indicated by disability scores, history of health management, self‐assessed masticatory ability, and psychosocial conditions were collected by means of interviews during home visits at the time of enrollment. Nine‐year follow‐up was completed for 1,245 (88.6%; 398 deceased and 847 alive).Results: Self‐assessed masticatory disability was significantly associated with being 75 and older, having overall disability, not using dental health checks or general health checks, not participating in social activities, not feeling that life is worth living (no ikigai), and finding relationships with people difficult. As for the association between self‐assessed masticatory disability and mortality, the estimated survival rate for those with self‐assessed masticatory disability was lower than that for those without for each group stratified by sex and age (65–74 and ≥75), and the equality of survival curves according to self‐assessed masticatory disability was significant for each group. After controlling for potential predictors of mortality, self‐assessed masticatory disability remained as a significant predictor of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=1.63, 95% confidence interval=1.30–2.03, P<.001).Conclusion: These results indicate that self‐assessed masticatory disability may be associated with a greater risk of mortality in community‐residing elderly people.
Unmet Desire for Caregiver‐Patient Communication and Increased Caregiver Burden
Authors: Fried Terri R. , Bradley Elizabeth H. , O'Leary John R. , Byers Amy L. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To examine the adequacy of caregiver‐patient communication in serious illness and its relationship to caregiver burden.Design: Cross‐sectional cohort study.Setting: Participants' homes.Participants: One hundred ninety‐three persons aged 60 and older seriously ill with cancer, congestive heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their caregivers.Measurements: Communication concerns, measured in terms of agreement with statements regarding desire for and difficulty with communication about the patient's illness. Caregiver burden, measured using a 10‐item subset of the Zarit Burden Inventory, with scores ranging from 0 to 40 and higher scores indicating greater burden.Results: Of caregivers, 39.9% desired more communication, and 37.3% reported that communication was difficult. Of patients, 20.2% desired more communication, and 22.3% reported that communication was difficult. Disagreement regarding communication concerns was frequent in caregiver‐patient pairs; of caregivers who desired more communication, 83.1% of patients did not, and of patients who desired more communication, 66.7% of caregivers did not. Caregivers who desired more communication had significantly higher caregiver burden scores than did caregivers who did not (9.2 vs 4.7, P<.001), even after adjusting for patient's diagnosis, income, and functional status and caregivers' age, sex, and relationship to the patient.Conclusion: A large proportion of caregivers and seriously ill older persons had an unmet desire for increased communication, although they frequently disagreed with each other about this desire. Caregivers' desire for increased communication may be a modifiable determinant of caregiver burden.
Association Between Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Impaired Activities of Daily Living in Older Stroke Survivors Without Dementia
Authors: Stephens Sally , Kenny Rose Anne , Rowan Elise , Kalaria Raj N. , Bradbury Michael , Pearce Ruth , Wesnes Keith , Ballard Clive G. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To determine the relationship between mild vascular cognitive impairment (mVCI) and functional disability in older stroke survivors without dementia.Design: Cohort study.Setting: Stroke patients from representative hospital‐based stroke registers.Participants: Three hundred thirty‐nine stroke survivors without dementia, aged 75 and older.Measurements: Neuropsychological assessments were completed 3 months poststroke. Activities of daily living (ADLs) were evaluated using the Bristol scale. Operationalized criteria, including cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), were applied for mVCI.Results: Significant impairments of ADLs were evident in mVCI (CIND vs no CIND; basic care: z=3.2; P=.001, intermediate care: z=3.6; P<.001, complex management: z=4.5; P<.001) but varied according to the profile of cognitive impairments. Patients with attentional or global impairments had more severe functional disability than patients with isolated memory deficits, with an intermediate level of dysfunction in patients with executive impairments.Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of identifying early cognitive impairments to optimize rehabilitation, care planning, and secondary prevention of dementia in stroke patients.
Treatment of Vasodepressor Carotid Sinus Syndrome with Midodrine: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Moore Allan , Watts Michael , Sheehy Tina , Hartnett Ann , Clinch David , Lyons Declan 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of treatment of the vasodepressor form of carotid sinus hypersensitivity (carotid sinus syndrome (CSS)) with midodrine.Design: A prospective, double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial of crossover design.Setting: A dedicated outpatient facility with access to tilt‐table, digital arterial photoplethysmography, and 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring equipment.Participants: Ten older adults (4 male, 6 female, mean age 75, range 66–86 years) with a history of unexplained syncope who displayed an asymptomatic decrease in systolic BP (SBP) of more than 50 mmHg or a symptomatic decrease of more than 30 mmHg within 30 seconds of carotid sinus massage (CSM).Measurements: Symptom reproduction and BP and heart rate changes were evaluated after CSM in supine and semierect positions on the right and then left sides. These measurements were performed on the final day of placebo and active‐treatment phases. Ambulatory 24‐hour BP monitoring took place on the penultimate and final days of each treatment phase.Results: Eight patients were symptomatic after their initial CSM. The mean±standard deviation SBP decrease after initial CSM was 54±22 mmHg. Initial mean 24‐hour ambulatory BP was 127/70±7/5 mmHg. Eight patients reported symptoms after CSM at the end of the placebo phase. The mean SBP decrease at the end of the placebo phase was 49±12 mmHg. The mean 24‐hour ambulatory BP was 127/69±9/7 mmHg. One patient reported symptoms after CSM at the end of the active‐treatment phase. The mean SBP decrease at the end of the active‐treatment phase was 36±9 mmHg. The mean 24‐hour ambulatory BP at the end of the treatment phase was 133/75±7/6 mmHg. The differences in symptom reporting and mean SBP decrease after CSM were both significant (P<.01 and P=.03, respectively).Conclusion: The results of this pilot study suggest that treatment of vasodepressor CSS with midodrine significantly reduced the rate of symptom reporting and attenuated SBP decreases after CSM but increased mean 24‐hour ambulatory BP.
The mitochondrial membrane potential in human platelets: a sensitive parameter for platelet quality
Authors: Verhoeven Arthur J. , Verhaar Robin , Gouwerok Eric G.W. , De Korte Dirk 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  Deterioration of platelet (PLT) quality during storage is accompanied by an increase in lactate production, indicating a decrease in mitochondrial function. In this study, the optimal conditions under which the fluorescent dye JC‐1 can be used to detect changes in mitochondrial function in PLTs were established.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  PLTs were incubated at 37°C in synthetic medium under various conditions of JC‐1 loading. In the presence of a high membrane potential, this dye accumulates in the mitochondria with a concomitant increase in red fluorescence. After JC‐1 loading, the ratio of red (FL2) to green (FL1) fluorescence was determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS:  The FL2‐to‐FL1 ratio of PLTs (3 × 107/mL, loaded with 0.5 µmol/L JC‐1) amounted to about 5 in 1‐day‐old PLTs. At higher dye concentrations, the FL2‐to‐FL1 ratio was significantly lower, suggesting uncoupling by the dye itself. Plasma concentrations above 3 percent significantly affected the JC‐1 signal. The FL2‐to‐FL1 ratio showed a dose‐dependent decrease to an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation or to inhibition of the respiratory chain. JC‐1‐loaded PLTs showed a clear decrease in FL2‐to‐FL1 ratio after prolonged storage or upon ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Only after UV treatment did changes in JC‐1 signal correlate with changes in CD62P expression.CONCLUSION:  The FL2‐to‐F1 ratio of PLTs loaded with JC‐1 is a reliable and sensitive indicator of the mitochondrial membrane potential, provided that the proper experimental conditions have been applied.
Caries prevalence, oral health behavior, and attitudes in children residing in radiation‐contaminated and ‐noncontaminated towns in Ukraine
Authors: Spivak Karina , Hayes Catherine , Maguire James H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract –Introduction: Several studies investigating the oral health status of children living in Ukraine after the Chernobyl catastrophe revealed an increase of caries in children residing in radionucleotide‐contaminated areas.Purpose: (1) To compare prevalence of dental caries in contaminated and noncontaminated towns; and (2) to determine if there is a difference between dental behaviors and attitudes of children residing in contaminated and noncontaminated areas that may have contributed to differences in caries prevalence.Methods: Children aged 13–14 were randomly selected in two towns of approximately the same population size (33 000): Ovruch (n = 119) from a contaminated area and Mirgorod (n = 100) from a noncontaminated area. Data on behaviors and attitudes were collected via a self‐administered questionnaire having six domains: (i) family background; (ii) dental anxiety; (iii) dental utilization; (iv) oral hygiene; (v) use of fluoride toothpaste; and (vi) sugar consumption. Oral examinations included information on carious lesions, restorations, missing teeth, and soft tissue abnormalities. Caries prevalence was compared using a t‐test. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent contribution of oral hygiene behaviors and dental utilization.Results: There was a significant difference in caries prevalence in the contaminated town (mean DMFT = 9.1 ± 3.5) versus the noncontaminated town (mean DMFT = 5.7 ± 1.4; P < 0.000). Oral hygiene practices, age, and utilization of dental services were not found to be associated with differences in DMFT score between the two communities.Conclusion: There was a significantly higher caries prevalence in a radiation‐contaminated town compared to a noncontaminated town of Ukraine. The difference was not explained by differences in oral health knowledge, attitudes or behaviors.
An assessment of the validity and reliability of dental self‐report items used in a National Child Nutrition Survey
Authors: Jamieson Lisa M. , Thomson W. Murray , McGee Rob 
Published: December 2004

Abstract  – Objectives:  To examine the clinical validity and reliability of dental self‐report items used in a national child nutrition survey.Methods: The study involved completion of dental self‐report questionnaires by 6–9‐year‐old children who attended one of the three schools with ethnic distributions, similar to schools in the national survey, and their care‐givers. Children were then dentally examined.Results: Two hundred and four children (response rate 74.2%) returned questionnaires and were dentally examined. The highest degree of child and care‐giver concordance for the self‐reported dental items was for the ‘has had an extraction due to dental caries’ item (kappa = 0.92), while the lowest was for the ‘brushes twice or more per day’ item (kappa = 0.61). The prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous dentition was 67.6%. The mean dfs, mean DFS and mean number of missing primary teeth because of caries were 6.15 (SD 6.51), 0.83 (SD 1.28) and 0.30 (SD 0.82), respectively. Caries severity was higher in children who reported brushing infrequently, having received a filling, having had an extraction because of caries, having been kept awake at night because of dental pain or having had a general anaesthetic for dental treatment. Values for self‐report and clinical reliability were above 0.80 in all instances.Conclusions: The dental self‐report items showed a high level of concordance between child and care‐giver, and appeared to be clinically valid. The findings suggest that using dental self‐report measures for children may be valuable in dental epidemiological investigations.
Periodontitis as risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. A case control study of Spanish adults
Authors: Cueto A. , Mesa F. , Bravo M. , Ocaña‐Riola R. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  The present study was designed to determine, in a case‐control study of a Spanish population, whether periodontitis is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction.Background:  Although part of cardiovascular risk could be explained by periodontal disease, available meta‐analyses find significant heterogeneity and recommend the need for further observational and intervention studies.Methods:  A case‐control study was conducted of 149 Spanish patients aged between 40 and 75 years, with 72 cases (acute myocardial infarction) and 77 controls (trauma patients). Periodontitis was measured as the percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss greater than 3 mm. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the adjusted effect of periodontitis on acute myocardial infarction, after considering the potential confounding effect of a large pool of risk factors.Results:  In a bivariate analysis, males, older patients, smokers, and those with hypertension, diabetes or hypercholesterolemia, showed an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction. The cases, compared to controls, showed worse results for all periodontal variables studied: gingival retraction, pocket depth, and periodontitis. The final multiple logistic model included sex, age, tobacco habit, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, regular exercise, and periodontitis. The association between periodontitis (dichotomized) and acute myocardial infarction was high and significant in both the unadjusted (odds ratio = 4.42, p < 0.001) and adjusted analyses (odds ratio = 3.31, p = 0.005).Conclusion:  There is evidence of an association between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction after adjusting for well‐known risk factors for acute myocardial infarction.
Pharmacokinetics, Serum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Activity, and Safety of Telavancin in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Shaw J. P. , Seroogy J. , Kaniga K. , Higgins D. L. , Kitt M. , Barriere S. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

The pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers of telavancin, a new rapidly bactericidal lipoglycopeptide with multiple mechanisms of action against gram-positive pathogens, were assessed in a two-part, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study with 54 healthy men. In part 1, single ascending intravenous doses of 0.25 to 15 mg/kg of body weight were studied. In part 2, multiple ascending doses (30-min infusions of 7.5 to 15 mg/kg/day) were studied over 7 days. Following the administration of multiple doses, steady state was achieved by days 3 to 4. At day 7 after the administration of telavancin at 7.5, 12.5, and 15 mg/kg/day, peak concentrations in plasma were 96.7, 151.3, and 202.5 μg/ml, respectively, and steady-state area-under-the-curve values were 700, 1,033, and 1,165 μg · h/ml, respectively. The elimination half-life ranged from 6.9 to 9.1 h following the administration of doses ≥5 mg/kg. Most adverse events were mild in severity. At 24 h postinfusion, serum from subjects given telavancin demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
and penicillin-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strains. The results suggest that telavancin may be an effective once-daily therapy for serious bacterial infections caused by these pathogens.
OXA-58, a Novel Class D β-Lactamase Involved in Resistance to Carbapenems inAcinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Poirel Laurent , Marqué Sophie , Héritier Claire , Segonds Christine , Chabanon Gérard , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTA carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniistrain was isolated in Toulouse, France, in 2003. Cloning and expression inEscherichia coliidentified the carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase OXA-58, which is weakly related (less than 50% amino acid identity) to other oxacillinases. It hydrolyzed penicillins, oxacillin, and imipenem but not expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. TheblaOXA-58gene was located on a ca. 30-kb non-self-transferable plasmid. After electrotransformation in theA. baumanniiCIP7010Treference strain, it conferred reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. TheblaOXA-58gene was bracketed by two novel ISAba3-like insertion elements. This study describes a newly characterized β-lactamase that may contribute to carbapenem resistance inA. baumannii.
Effects of Antifungal Interventions on the Outcome of Experimental Infections with Phenotypic Switch Variants ofCryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Fries Bettina C. , Cook Emily , Wang Xiabo , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTIn cryptococcal infection, phenotypic switching from a smooth to a mucoid variant can occur in vivo, producing variants with enhanced virulence that are subsequently selected and affect the outcome of infection. Here, we demonstrate that antifungal treatment of the chronically infected host can promote this phenomenon. Amphotericin B treatment reduces fungal burden less effectively in mucoid variant-infected than in smooth variant-infected mice. Consequently, amphotericin B treatment resulted in a more pronounced prolongation of survival in smooth variant-infected than in mucoid variant-infected mice (20 versus 42 days;P< 0.05). Administration of anticapsular monoclonal antibody mediated better protection in smooth variant-infected than in mucoid variant-infected mice, although a protective effect was not consistently observed at all doses. Most interestingly, both antifungal drug therapy and administration of anticapsular monoclonal antibody promoted the selection of mucoid variants in smooth variant-infected mice, a phenomenon manifested by a statistically higher percentage of mucoid colonies in smooth variant-infected mice than in nontreated control mice. This finding suggests that both chemotherapeutic and immunological antifungal interventions may promote the selection of the more virulent mucoid variant, which could affect the outcome of infection in chronically infected hosts.
Increased Expression of Two Multidrug Transporter-Like Genes Is Associated with Ethidium Bromide and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in
Mycoplasma hominis
Authors: Raherison S. , Gonzalez P. , Renaudin H. , Charron A. , Bébéar C. , Bébéar C. M. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Two genes,
md1
and
md2
, coding for multidrug resistance ATP-binding cassette transporters were identified in
Mycoplasma hominis
PG21. Expression of these two genes, quantified by quantitative competitive reverse transcription-PCR, was significantly increased in ethidium bromide-resistant strains of
M. hominis
compared to that in
M. hominis
PG21.
Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the MIC of Telithromycin for
Streptococcus pneumoniae
: an In Vitro
-
In Vivo Study
Authors: Batard Eric , Juvin Marie Emmanuelle , Jacqueline Cédric , Bugnon Denis , Caillon Jocelyne , Potel Gilles , Drugeon Henri B. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Incubation in CO
2
resulted in higher (≥3 doubling dilution) MICs of telithromycin than those found in ambient air for 31.2% of 346
Streptococcus pneumoniae ermB
-positive strains. An increased telithromycin MIC in CO
2
was not correlated with loss of its activity in the murine sepsis/peritonitis model.