bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nozzle design parameters and their effects on rapid sample delivery in flow cytometry
Authors: Graves Steven W. , Nolan John P. , Jett James H. , Martin John C. , Sklar Larry A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundRapid kinetic and high throughput flow cytometry are emerging as valuable tools in biotechnology research applications ranging from mechanistic analysis of molecular assemblies to high throughput screening. Many of these new applications have been made possible by improved sample delivery capabilities, focusing increased attention on fluidic issues associated with rapid sample delivery.MethodsUsing basic fluidic premises, we derived a model that predicted the effect of nozzle parameters during rapid sample delivery. We tested the model using the rapid mix flow cytometer and modifications were made to the equipment to optimize performance.ResultsThe model predicted that shorter nozzles with wide exit orifices decrease the delay before initial particle analysis and the fluidic stabilization time. Experimental results confirmed this prediction and model‐based modifications allowed analysis of particles within 55 ms or 600 ms after mixing, with or without electronic gating, respectively.ConclusionsThe model along with modifications to commercial equipment will allow rapid mix flow cytometry to analyze reactions in time frames threefold shorter than previously possible. The model allows for nozzle design predictions that should allow for analysis in the millisecond time frame. Furthermore, these findings are general for all rapid delivery applications, including high throughput flow cytometry. Cytometry 47:127–137, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A small‐volume technique for simultaneous immunophenotyping and apoptosis detection in rat whole blood by four‐color flow cytometry
Authors: Diaz‐Romero Jose , Vogt Gerard , Weckbecker Gisbert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundCell permeabilization for the detection of intracellular molecules by flow cytometry is usually incompatible with whole blood. This article describes a new technique for the simultaneous detection of surface antigens and DNA content in rat whole blood.MethodsIn 20 μl of rat whole blood, DNA staining is obtained by permeabilization of cells using a standard red blood cell lysing reagent (Erythrolyse). Immunophenotyping and apoptosis detection by flow cytometry are achieved by using a combination of three surface markers (CD3, CD4, and CD8α) and a DNA binding dye (TO‐PRO‐3).ResultsAfter a 24‐h incubation of whole blood with 1 μM dexamethasone, apoptotic lymphocytes were clearly distinguishable from normal lymphocytes by their reduced size and DNA content. The dexamethasone‐induced percentage of apoptotic cells was 58.9 ± 4.6 for CD4+ and 77.4 ± 2.9 for CD8+ T cells, compared with 12.6 ± 2.7 for CD4+ and 17.2 ± 3.5 for CD8+ T cells in the absence of dexamethasone (data from 10 animals with duplicate samples).ConclusionsWe have developed a new technique to permeabilize nucleated cells in microsamples of rat whole blood. The methodology allows simultaneous immunophenotyping and apoptosis detection in rat whole blood. Cytometry 47:265–275, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Choroid plexus papilloma diagnosed by crush cytology
Authors: Pai Radha R. , Kini Hema , Rao Vatsala S. , Naik Ramadas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a 32‐yr‐old man, an infratentorial cystic lesion with a mural nodule was interpreted to be either a hemangioblastoma or a cystic astrocytoma on CT scan. Intraoperative crush cytology revealed it to be a choroid plexus papilloma (CPP). The utility of crush cytology in the rapid diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and the differential diagnosis of CNS papillary lesions are highlighted in this report. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:165–167. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Considerations for treating dyslipidemia in special diabetic populations
Authors: Peters Harmel Anne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is a review of the problem of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in special diabetic populations. Clearly all patients with diabetes are at increased risk for CVD compared to non‐diabetic populations. But within the subset that is patients with diabetes there are individuals who are particularly vulnerable. These groups include women, who are often overlooked and undertreated for their cardiovascular risk. Additionally, it includes those with fewer resources, many from minority populations, who are at very high risk for poor preventive care and serious cardiovascular morbidity. This review details the risk for CVD in a variety of different diabetic high‐risk groups. It then discusses treatment options and approaches that should be employed in these populations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opposing effects on TSC‐22 expression by BMP and receptor tyrosine kinase signals in the developing feather tract
Authors: Dohrmann Cord E. , Noramly Selina , Raftery Laurel A. , Morgan Bruce A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTSC‐22 (transforming growth factor‐β–stimulated clone 22) belongs to a family of leucine zipper transcription factors that includes sequences from invertebrates and vertebrates. The single Drosophila family member, encoded by the bunched gene, serves to integrate opposing bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals during oogenesis. Similarly, mammalian TSC‐22 expression is regulated by several families of secreted signaling molecules in cultured cells. Here, we show that chick TSC‐22 is dynamically expressed in the condensing feather bud, as well as in many tissues of the chick embryo. BMP‐2/4, previously shown to inhibit bud development, repress TSC‐22 expression during feather bud formation in vivo. Noggin, a BMP antagonist, promotes TSC‐22 expression. EGF, TGF‐α, and fibroblast growth factor all promote both feather bud development and TSC‐22 expression; each can promote ectopic feather buds that are regularly spaced between existing feather buds. Thus, TSC‐22 is a candidate to integrate small imbalances in receptor tyrosine kinase and BMP signaling during feather tract development to generate stable and reproducible morphogenetic responses. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression ofzTlxA, aHox11‐like gene, in early differentiating embryonic neurons and cranial sensory ganglia of the zebrafish embryo
Authors: Andermann Peter , Weinberg Eric S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have isolated a cDNA encoding a member of theTlx/Hox11family of homeodomain factors from the zebrafish, most closely related to the vertebrateTlx‐1/Hox11andTlx‐3/Hox11L2proteins. The gene is expressed in a set of early differentiating neurons that project to a common tract, the lateral longitudinal fascicle. We show that the gene is specifically expressed in spinal cord Rohon Beard neurons, in nucleus of the posterior commissure neurons of the midbrain, in a set of hindbrain neurons that include RoL3 reticulospinal interneurons, and in the trigeminal, statoacoustic, anterior lateral line, glossopharyngeal, and vagal cranial sensory ganglia. Timing of expression of the gene in these neurons correlates with the phase of axonal outgrowth and target innervation. Expression of the gene is also observed in several non‐neural tissues, including the pharyngeal arches, budding gill filaments, outgrowing semicircular protrusions in the otic vesicle, and in the pectoral fin buds. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An examination of willingness to self‐disclose in women with bulimic symptoms considering the context of disclosure and negative affect levels
Authors: Evans Lynette , Wertheim Eleanor H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the relationship between bulimic symptoms and self‐disclosure. It examined whether women who reported greater bulimic symptomatology were generally less willing to self‐disclose in intimate relationships or whether reluctance to disclose was confined to eating and weight concerns.MethodWomen with high and low scores on the Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT‐R) were compared on self‐disclosure about three topics (daily activities, eating, and weight) and sexual and relationship issues to three targets (mother, friend, and partner).ResultsThere were significant main and interaction effects for BULIT‐R score, target, and topic of self‐disclosure. When depression was controlled for, it partially explained the association between bulimic behavior and self‐disclosure.DiscussionResults supported a contextual model of self‐disclosure. Compared with nonbulimic women, women with bulimic symptoms were less willing to self‐disclose certain topics to particular targets. Levels of depression explained low willingness to disclose on topics unrelated to eating and weight to some targets. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 344–348, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eat.10020
Pattern of birth in anorexia nervosa II: a comparison of early‐onset cases in the southern and northern hemispheres
Authors: Willoughby Kate , Watkins Beth , Beumont Pierre , Maguire Sarah , Lask Bryan , Waller Glenn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveIn the northern hemisphere, people with anorexia nervosa are more likely to be born in the spring and early summer, particularly when environmental temperature at assumed time of conception is warmer. This study investigates whether there is a comparable effect in the southern hemisphere (Australia), where seasonal and temperature patterns are reversed.MethodDate of birth and temperature at assumed time of conception were collected for 199 Australian and 259 UK patients with early‐onset anorexia nervosa. Analyses determined patterns of birth and links to temperature at conception.ResultsThere was little change across the year in the birth patterns of young people with anorexia nervosa in the southern hemisphere. However, there was a significant link between temperature at assumed time of conception and diagnostic subtype. Compared with anorexics of the binge/purge subtype, restrictive anorexics from the southern hemisphere were less likely to be conceived in relatively cool weather.ConclusionsThe findings support a temperature at conception hypothesis (modified for local temperature ranges), rather than suggesting a simple seasonal pattern of birth. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 18–23, 2002.
Coping style and disturbed eating attitudes in adolescent girls
Authors: García‐Grau Eugeni , Fusté Adela , Miró Anna , Saldaña Carmina , Bados Arturo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe main goal of this work was to explore the relationship between coping styles and predisposition to eating disorders in a sample of adolescent girls.MethodThe sample comprised 186 females (mean age 15.91 years) and the questionnaires used were the Eating Disorders Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2) and the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS).ResultsThe regression analyses indicated that the coping strategy most closely linked to the predisposition to develop an eating disorder was intropunitive avoidance, which explained the following percentage of variance: 29% of the total EDI‐2 score, 23% of the personal factor, 28% of the social factor, and 4% of the bodily factor. On the other hand, the scale of intropunitive avoidance dimension with the most explanatory power was the tension reduction, which reflects emotional reactions to problems such as crying, shouting, or taking drugs.DiscussionA cultural hypothesis is presented in an attempt to account for the low percentage of variance of bodily factor explained by intropunitive avoidance and emphasis is placed on the need for prevention programs for adolescents, particularly those at risk. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 116–120 2002.
Prevalence of eating disorders and weight control practices in Germany in 1990 and 1997
Authors: Westenhoefer Joachim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the prevalence of bulimic behaviors and weight control practices changed between 1990 and 1997.MethodIn November 1997, we surveyed a representative sample of 2,130 adult subjects in West Germany and 2,155 subjects in East Germany. We asked subjects about binge eating, vomiting, use of laxatives, appetite suppressants and diuretics, and about dieting, weighing, and exercise. As the same questions had been used in a representative survey (N = 1,773) in autumn 1990 in West Germany, trend comparisons for prevalence between 1990 and 1997 are possible.ResultsThe prevalence of severe eating binges twice a week dropped nonsignificantly between 1997 and 1990 from 3.1% to 2.4% in men and from 2.3% to 1.3% in women. In men, the prevalence of binge eating disorder dropped nonsignificantly from 2.4% to 1.5%, the prevalence of bulimia nervosa from 2.1% to 1.1%. In women, the prevalence of binge eating disorder dropped nonsignificantly from 1.5% to 0.7% and that of bulimia nervosa from 2.4% to 1.1%.ConclusionThe prevalence of bulimic behaviors decreased slightly during 1990 and 1997 in the West German population. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 477–481, 2001.
Early environmental influences on restrictive eating pathology among nonclinical females: The role of temperature at birth
Authors: Waller Glenn , Meyer Caroline , van Hanswijck de Jonge Laurence 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveIn eating‐disordered populations, restrictive pathologies are associated with a higher rate of births in the spring and early summer. The reasons for this relationship are not understood. The present study of a nonclinical group aimed to determine whether there is a link between being born in warmer months and the level of restrictive pathology in later years.MethodsThe participants (N = 117) were all young adult females who were conceived and born in England. Each completed the relevant scales of the Eating Disorders Inventory and provided demographic information. Temperature at birth was determined using national meteorological records.ResultsRestrictive attitudes were stronger among women born during the warmer part of the year (May–August), and those attitudes were dimensionally associated with temperature at birth. Body dissatisfaction showed some of the same relationships. Neither period of birth nor temperature at birth was related to bulimic attitudes or body mass index.ConclusionsBeing born during warmer months is significantly associated with restrictive eating attitudes among nonclinical females, although the link is relatively weak. Potential causal mechanisms are outlined, but further research is needed to explain this link in clinical and nonclinical groups. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 204–208, 2001.
Lossless transforms and lossy transforms using IIR filters and their application to image coding
Authors: Uto Toshiyuki , Kouno Yutaka , Okuda Masahiro , Ikehara Masaaki , Takahashi Shin‐ichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is known that an IIR filter can provide an excellent amplitude characteristic that is of lower order than an FIR filter. Further, the IIR filter using all‐pass circuits can realize an identical characteristic with fewer multipliers than in the conventional IIR filter. In this paper, a configuration and design method are given for a two‐channel filter bank consisting of IIR filters with all‐pass circuits. Lossless transforms and lossy transforms using these filter banks are proposed. One lossless transform is the S transform based on the Haar transform, but there is a problem that correlation remains in the output signals. In this paper, in place of the Haar transform in the S transform, a lossless transform based on two‐channel integer IIR filter banks consisting of delay lines and all‐pass circuits is proposed. On the other hand, the Haar transform is the only lossy transform based on the two‐channel FIR filter bank that offers linear phase and orthogonality. Also, there are no design methods and no proof of effectiveness in applications of the two‐channel IIR filter bank with both characteristics for image coding. In this paper, a two‐channel orthogonal linear‐phase IIR filter bank with a parallel structure of the all‐pass circuits is proposed in order to maximize the coding gain, with the order of regularities as the constraint. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to stationary image coding and the effectiveness of the present method is shown. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(7): 1–9, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10001
A quality engineering approach to human factors affecting software reliability in design process
Authors: Esaki Kazuhiro , Yamada Shigeru , Takahashi Muneo , Hihara Keisuke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo improve software quality and manufacturabilty, the software errors that are the human errors or defects affecting software reliability and the human factors causing these errors must be explained, and measures to prevent their generation must be devised. There has been some research on explaining the human factors affecting software reliability. However, this research only proposed models (hypotheses) to explain the cause‐and‐effect relationships with the software errors generated by the human factors and almost none of this research verified these models through testing. In this paper, we studied the software design process that has a substantial effect on removing and preventing software errors during software development, and performed development tests to explain the human factors affecting software reliability and their correlations. Here, we applied the quality engineering approach based on test planning methods, explained the relationship between software design and the generated software errors, and gained an understanding of the effects of the adopted human factors. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(3): 33–42, 2002
Electric field calculation in composite dielectrics by surface charge method based on electric flux continuity condition
Authors: Hamada Shoji , Takuma Tadasu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a new surface charge method based on the continuity of electric flux passing through each partial area on the dielectric boundary. N partial areas divided on the boundary give the boundary equations for solving N unknown variables representing the surface charge density distribution. The electric flux is numerically calculated by integrating the normal component of electric flux density on each partial area. This method permits us to exclude the singularity of edge parts from the boundary equations because these parts do not contribute to the integration area. In this paper, we apply first‐order functions to simulate both triangular surface shape and charge density distribution on its surface as well.First, we have computed the electric field for a spherical dielectric under a uniform field. The calculated results show that the accuracy of the electric field at the spherical center is almost equal to the accuracy of the total surface area of the polygon which represents the sphere. Furthermore, this method has improved the accuracy of the field by about one order compared with the conventional surface charge methods. Second, we have computed the electric field for a dielectric human model under a uniform field. The calculated results demonstrates that the proposed method works well for a complicated shaped object with a dielectric constant greatly different from that of an ambient medium. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(4): 10–17, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1133
Will we be working together again? The impact of future interdependence on group members' task motivation
Authors: Groenenboom Arieneke , Wilke Henk A.M. , Wit Arjaan P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe extent to which group members contribute effort efficiently, i.e. to the extent that their efforts add to the group product, or equally to their fellow worker is investigated as a function of group members' expectations about future interdependence. An experimental set‐up was employed in which (1) participants were able to determine what would be an efficient and what would be an equal amount of effort to exert, and (2) in which efficiency and equality required different levels of effort: Participants worked on a physical motor‐production task and expected to work with a partner twice (continued interdependence) or only on the first task (no continued interdependence). Before working on the first task, they received information about their relative task ability (high versus low) and information about their partner's effort expenditure (high versus low). It is argued and demonstrated that group members expecting continued interdependence are likely to equal their fellow worker's effort expenditure, whereas group members expecting no continued interdependence are likely to exert effort efficiently. The results are discussed from various theoretical perspectives. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutagenicity of 2‐alkylpropenals in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100: Structural influences
Authors: Eder Erwin , Deininger Christof 
Published: August 2002

Abstractα,β‐Unsaturated aldehydes are a class of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that form promutagenic 1,N2‐propanodeoxyguanosine adducts. They are important industrial and environmental compounds, are formed endogenously, and are found in food. We recently published structure–mutagenicity relationships for 3‐alkyl substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (β‐alkylacroleins) and here we present structural influences on the mutagenicity of the 2‐alkyl substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (α‐alkylacroleins), 2‐methylacrolein, 2‐ethylacrolein, 2‐propylacrolein, and 2‐butylacrolein, in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. All four alkylacroleins are mutagenic without S9‐mix; however, the results are strongly influenced by bacterial toxicity of the alkylacroleins. In general, toxicity increases with increasing length of the alkyl substituent. The increasing toxicity with increasing alkyl groups can be explained by increasing lipophilicity that allows the compounds to better penetrate into the bacterial cell. Other structural effects, such as steric hindrance of the deoxyguanosine binding (DNA–adduct formation) and the positive inductive effect of the alkyl groups, have only a slight effect on mutagenesis. Addition of S9‐mix leads to an increase in the absolute revertant peak values but a decrease in mutagenic activities, as expressed by revertants per micromol. This effect is also observed with heat‐inactivated S9‐mix and does not depend on metabolic activation. The effect of S9‐mix can be explained by partial detoxication of the substances by nucleophilic components of the S9‐mix such as glutathione. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:324–328, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.