bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The generation of senescent-like CD4+ EMRA T cells in T2D and their contribution to poor COVID-19 vaccine responses
Authors: Garrod-Ketchley Conor , Mourgue d’Algue Laure , Littlewood Katie , Hood Gillian , Worthington Anne , Pattrick Melanie , Sutcliffe Caroline , Valla Zoi , Joti Noorshad , Zalak Udeshi , Edwards Amy , Finer Sarah , Henson Sian M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CD4+ T cells are essential for protection from viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. However, an increase in the dysfunction CD4+ EMRA subset is likely to hinder the immune response towards viruses. We show here that CD4+ EMRAs are increased with elevated blood glucose, such as people living with T2D, which alters mitochondrial function and causes the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, reducing the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. CD4+ T cells were examined for senescence, their insulin dynamics, and mitochondrial function after in vitro culture of high and low glucose media, with or without rotenone or mitoQ. Serum samples were used to assess circulating inflammation and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. People living with T2D had increased expression of CD4+ EMRA T cells, the appearance of which correlated with increasing blood glucose values. The T2D cohort showed a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increased mtROS production. These results were mimicked using high-glucose media that accelerated CD4+ T cell differentiation and reduced MMP. People living with T2D (non-hyperglycaemic and hyperglycaemic) had altered expression of inflammatory mediators. CD4+ EMRA cells did not respond to COVID-19 peptides, and people with T2D had a reduced T cell and antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein. We have shown that senescent-like CD4+ EMRA influence the viral response in SARS-CoV-2 and that CD4+ EMRAs may arise from faulty mitochondrial dynamics due to increased environmental glucose. Further study is required to determine the direct link increased glucose has with CD4+ EMRA formation.
Percutaneous repair of a sinotubular junction aortic pseudoaneurysm with an atrial septal defect occluder: a case report
Authors: Joseph Joanne , Scerbo Jessica , Di Santo Pietro , Hibbert Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Aortic pseudoaneurysms are complications that arise following cardiac surgery, thoracic trauma, infections, or inflammatory conditions. The mainstay treatment for aortic pseudoaneurysm is surgical management. Given significant morbidity and mortality related to thoracotomy, high-risk patients are not considered for cardiac surgery. Novel percutaneous repair using a variety of devices are being explored, especially in those with prohibitive risk for cardiac surgery.

Case summary
This case describes the use of an Amplatzer atrial septal defect (ASD) occluder device to manage an aortic pseudoaneurysm in a 69-year-old male who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery and pericardial drainage for purulent pericarditis. Following successful implant, there were no complications seen after 2 years of follow-up.

Discussion
Percutaneous closure of a mycotic pseudoaneurysm with an Amplatzer ASD occluder device can be a safe and efficacious treatment option, especially in patients with prohibitive surgical risk.
Sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 testing rates: spatiotemporal patterns and impact of test accessibility in Sweden
Authors: Kennedy Beatrice , Varotsis Georgios , Hammar Ulf , Nguyen Diem , Carrasquilla Germán D , van Zoest Vera , Kristiansson Robert S , Fitipaldi Hugo , Dekkers Koen F , Daivadanam Meena , Martinell Mats , Björk Jonas , Fall Tove 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic testing is essential for disease surveillance and test–trace–isolate efforts. We aimed to investigate if residential area sociodemographic characteristics and test accessibility were associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing rates.

Methods
We included 426 224 patient-initiated COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction tests from Uppsala County in Sweden from 24 June 2020 to 9 February 2022. Using Poisson regression analyses, we investigated if postal code area Care Need Index (CNI; median 1.0, IQR 0.8–1.4), a composite measure of sociodemographic factors used in Sweden to allocate primary healthcare resources, was associated with COVID-19 daily testing rates after adjustments for community transmission. We assessed if the distance to testing station influenced testing, and performed a difference-in-difference-analysis of a new testing station targeting a disadvantaged neighbourhood.

Results
We observed that CNI, i.e. primary healthcare need, was negatively associated with COVID-19 testing rates in inhabitants 5–69 years. More pronounced differences were noted across younger age groups and in Uppsala City, with test rate ratios in children (5–14 years) ranging from 0.56 (95% CI 0.47–0.67) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.93) across three pandemic waves. Longer distance to the nearest testing station was linked to lower testing rates, e.g. every additional 10 km was associated with a 10–18% decrease in inhabitants 15–29 years in Uppsala County. The opening of the targeted testing station was associated with increased testing, including twice as high testing rates in individuals aged 70–105, supporting an intervention effect.

Conclusions
Ensuring accessible testing across all residential areas constitutes a promising tool to decrease inequalities in testing.
Life Space and Activity Space Measurement: Making “Room” for Structural Racism
Authors: Szanton Sarah L , Alexander Kamila A , Kim Boeun , Li Qiwei , Gee Gilbert C , Bandeen-Roche Karen J , Adkins-Jackson Paris B , Hladek Melissa D , Samuel Laura J , Haozous Emily A , Okoye Safiyyah M , Crews Deidra C , Thorpe Roland J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we age, the ability to move is foundational to health. Life space is one measure of a person’s ability to move and engage in activity beyond the home. A separate but related concept is activity space, a measurement of a person’s spatial behaviors and visited locations that include social networks, neighborhoods, and institutions. In this article, we integrate the literature on life space and activity space, discussing how physical function is not only determined by individual capabilities, but also by the surrounding social and environmental factors, which may limit their agency. We show how structural racism contributes to inequities within this paradigm linking related concepts of movement, agency, belonging, and timing. We also explore implications for research and theory for mobility, social connection, and activity.
Pediatric IBD Patients Treated With Infliximab and Proactive Drug Monitoring Benefit From Early Concomitant Immunomodulatory Therapy: A Retrospective Analysis of a 10-Year Real-Life Cohort
Authors: Hoelz Hannes , Bragagna Lena , Litwin Anna , Koletzko Sibylle , Le Thi Thu Giang , Schwerd Tobias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Limited approval of second-line treatments in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) necessitates optimized use of infliximab (IFX) with proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). We investigated whether early combo-therapy with an immunomodulator (IMM) provides additional benefit.

Methods
In the retrospectively reviewed medical records of all children treated with IFX and proactive TDM between 2013 and 2022, IMMearly (IMM ≤3 months since IFX start) was evaluated against IMMother/no (late/short or no IMM) over follow-up of 3 to 60 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to analyze time to loss of response (LOR) with IFX discontinuation or time to antibodies-to-IFX (ATI) development.

Results
Three hundred fifteen patients with pIBD were reviewed; of those, 127 with 2855 visits were included (77 CD, 50 UC/IBD-unclassified). Sixty patients received IMMearly, 20 patients IMMother, and 47 had IFX monotherapy. Median follow-up time was 30 and 26 months for IMMearly and IMMother/no, respectively, with comparable proactive TDM. Infliximab treatment persistence was 68% after 60 months. Loss of response was observed in 7 IMMearly and 15 IMMother/no patients (P = .16). Early combo-therapy significantly delayed LOR with IFX discontinuation (median LOR free interval IMMearly 30 months vs IMMother/no 9 months, P = .01). Patients with IMMother/no were 10-, 3- and 2-times more likely to experience LOR with IFX discontinuation after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. There were no significant group differences regarding the presence of any positive (&gt;10 arbitrary units per milliliter [AU/mL]) or high (&gt;100 AU/mL) ATI, median ATI concentrations, and ATI-free interval.

Conclusions
Early IMM combo-therapy in proactively monitored patients with pIBD significantly prolonged the median LOR free interval compared with late/short or no IMM treatment.
Insights on the connectivity, genetic diversity, and population structure of Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907) (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae) in the Philippines
Authors: Guinto Shea K P , Machida Ryuji J , Papa Rey D S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The freshwater calanoid copepod Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907) was first recorded from the Philippines in 2001 in Laguna de BayThe copepod gained the status of “invasive species” in 2021 due to its presence in 23 of 32 surveyed Philippine lakes and rivers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 107 individuals of A. dorsalis, representing seven populations on the island of Luzon to gather information on the population structure, genetic connectivity, and range expansion of the species.. A 720-bp fragment of the nuclear ITS1 and ITS2 spacers was used to analyze the genetic structure of the populations. High haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.7951), low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0024), and low genetic distance between populations indicate high levels of gene flow and low levels of isolation. Six of the 12 haplotypes were unique to particular sites, but the three shared haplotypes suggest panmixia among populations. Tajima’s D (D = 0.4945) and Fu’s F (F = -2.8950) suggest a recent increase in population size following a bottleneck. This may have occurred as the result of the copepod’s suspected initial introduction into the Philippines after 1905 via the trade in ornamental aquarium fish, eventually followed by its expansion into nearby inland waters through one or more aquaculture-mediated introduction events. Laguna de Bay’s role since 1972 as the main source of tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) for release into various Philippine lakes provides circumstantial support for this scenario.
Job demands and temporomandibular disorders: mediating and moderating effects of psychological distress and recovery experiences
Authors: Mori Naana , Miyanaka Daisuke , Tokita Masahito , Kawada Michiko , Sakakibara Keiko , Hamsyah Fuad , Yuheng Lin , Shimazu Akihito 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives: This study examined the relationship between recovery experience, job demands, psychological distress, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Japanese workers.
Methods: It used cross-sectional data from the fourth survey of a multi-wave longitudinal project, conducted using the registered monitors of an internet research company. Finally, 1278 respondents’ data were analyzed (655 males, 623 females; mean [SD] age = 41.63 [10.31] years). We utilized Sugiaski’s TMD screening question to assess TMD prevalence, Brief Job Stress Questionnaire to assess job demands, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) to assess psychological distress, and the Japanese version of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire to assess recovery experiences. The moderated mediation analysis was conducted using the Process macro program for SPSS developed by Preacher and Hayes, examining the effect of job demands on TMD through psychological distress, moderated by the recovery experience.
Results: The results showed that 13.1% (n = 168) of the respondents had TMD. Mediation analysis indicated high job demands were associated with an increased TMD prevalence through psychological distress. The moderated mediation analysis revealed that relaxation and control moderated the relationship between job demands and psychological distress.
Conclusions: This cross-sectional study established the relationship between job demands, psychological distress, and TMD among Japanese workers. The findings suggest that increased job demands contribute to high TMD prevalence through the mediation of psychological distress, moderated by relaxation and control.
Penetrative anal intercourse may require high axial loading forces
Authors: Miller Jake A , Loeb Charles A , La Justin , el Khatib Farouk , Yafi Faysal A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite increases in the lifetime prevalence of anal intercourse, little is known about the safety of inflatable penile prosthesis use during anal intercourse or the forces required for anal penetration.

Aim
We sought to determine the force required for anal penetration.

Methods
A digital force gauge device was secured to a silicone phallus with a length and girth representative of the average male phallus in the United States and inserted into the anal canal of 6 male participants for a total of 5 measurements per participant. The maximum axial forces on insertion were recorded. Participants then completed a survey eliciting demographic information and past experience with receptive anal intercourse.

Outcomes
The outcome measure was the force recorded during insertion of a force gauge device into the anal canal.

Results
The median maximal force recorded on anal penetration was 26.5 N (2.7 kg; range: 16.1-51.7 N or 1.64-5.27 kg). Participants who engaged in receptive anal intercourse more than once per month tended to use lesser median maximal forces (25.7 N or 2.62 kg) than participants who engaged less frequently in receptive anal intercourse (41.6 N or 4.24 kg).

Clinical Implications
Compared with the forces required for vaginal penetration, anal penetration forces may cause additional mechanical stress to the phallus.

Strengths and Limitations
While the study is limited primarily in its small sample size and in the use of a single device for anal penetration with a set size and rigidity, the resulting findings presented here are to our knowledge the first reported data pertaining the force required for anal penetration.

Conclusion
As the forces required for anal penetration exceeded those for vaginal penetration, clinicians may need to carefully counsel patients on the safe use of an inflatable penile prosthesis for anal intercourse.
Navigating Spatial Enclosures: Race, Place, and School Policing
Authors: Allen Terry , Gomez Kimberly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Law enforcement’s increased presence in U.S. public schools has significantly affected Black students’ access to opportunities and their overall safety. Limited attention has been paid to the broader context in which school policing operates, extending beyond school buildings and embedded in larger neighborhood dynamics. We develop a theory of “spatial enclosures” to describe how policing manifests across schools, neighborhoods, and school police departments, shaping Black students’ everyday experiences. Drawing on a dataset of 120 interviews with Black high school students in a large urban school district, we find that Black students fear their education being stolen by police officers’ control over their time, school routines, and opportunities to learn. This shared concern is influenced by race and location, affecting how Black students interact with the police and develop strategies to navigate such encounters. Many Black students actively engage in social justice networks to protect their education. Prolonged involvement in these networks equips Black students with culturally sustaining knowledge and strategies to navigate the harms posed by spatial enclosures. These findings have important implications for understanding how school policing not only affects physical spaces but also profoundly influences students’ perceptions and experiences of time and their equal access to educational opportunities.
Recent Advances in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Based Therapy for Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Korkida Foteini , Stamatopoulou Alexandra , Roubelakis Maria G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent pathological conditions that include many distinct stages, potentially leading to the final stage of cirrhotic liver. To date, liver transplantation is the sole successful treatment with concomitant limitations related to donor organ shortage and the need of life-long immunosuppressive therapy. Recently, cell-based therapies for ALD and NAFLD have been proposed with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as promising effectors. MSC therapeutic applications offer hepatoprotection, regulation of the inflammatory process and angiogenesis particularly in ALD and NAFLD pre-clinical disease models. Recent studies suggested that hepatospecific MSC-based therapies could benefit liver diseases by restoring liver function and decreasing inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly to solid-organ transplantation, limitations in MSC approaches include donor availability exacerbated by high number of cells and cell trapping into lungs. Herein, based on recent advances, we discuss the use of MSCs as a therapeutic approach for ALD and NAFLD and we provide the available information for the establishment of a framework toward a potential clinical application.
Linnemannia elongata: A Key Species in Chitin-Based Plant Growth Promotion
Authors: De Tender Caroline , Vandecasteele Michiel , Ommeslag Sarah , De Zutter Noémie , Vandenbussche Ellen , Haegeman Annelies , Audenaert Kris , Li Leilei , Vandecasteele Bart , Voorthuijzen Floris , Maenhout Kristof , Beirinckx Stien , Barneveldt Rosita , Goormachtig Sofie , Debode Jane 
Published: November 2023

Chitin has proven to be a valuable alternative to mineral fertilizers in growing media. We recently hypothesized that chitin might work as a biostimulant, attracting plant growth-promoting microbes to the rhizosphere. In particular, Mortierellales species increase in abundance massively with chitin application and might have a profound role in chitin-mediated plant growth promotion. We isolated four strains of this order classified as Linnemannia elongata from chitin-enriched growing medium and the lettuce rhizosphere. The isolates induced a consistent increase in shoot and root fresh weight and increased chlorophyll content of Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro, as measured by multispectral imaging. By studying the isolate's genomes, we postulated that this growth promotion was induced through auxin production, translocation of calcium to the plant, or both. The synergy between chitin and L. elongata was demonstrated by (i) the chitinase activity and chitin degradation potential of all isolates and (ii) the positive effect of chitin and L. elongata seed coating on germination of A. thaliana seeds compared with L. elongata seed coating without chitin. We conclude that chitin-related growth promotion is dependent on activation of the microbial community, with L. elongata as a key species. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The association of urinary incontinence and disability among a diverse sample of midlife Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation women
Authors: Dugan Sheila A. , Crawford Sybil L. , Wente Karla , Waetjen L. Elaine , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie , Harlow Siobán D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study is to examine whether urinary incontinence (UI) type, frequency, and amount are associated with self-reported disability in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of community-dwelling midlife women.

Methods
Data were from longitudinal analyses of questionnaires from the multicenter, prospective cohort Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to examine whether urinary incontinence type, frequency, and amount at the 13th follow-up were associated with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule at the 15th follow-up controlling for other factors (menopause status, body mass index, lifestyle and psychosocial factors, and disability at follow-up 13).

Results
Urinary incontinence was associated with subsequent reports of disability in participants, particularly in the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule domains of mobility (P < 0.0001), communication (P = 0.0057), and life activities (P = 0.0407). Associations were strongest for mixed UI type compared with stress UI or urgency UI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-2.17, P < 0.001), daily frequency of UI compared with monthly or less than weekly frequency of UI (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.04-2.47, P < 0.001), and larger amounts of urine leakage compared with drops of leakage (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.58-5.62, P < 0.0001) for mobility/getting around domain.

Conclusions
Urinary incontinence seems to have a strong association with multiple domains of disability, including mobility and interacting with others, after approximately 3.7 years. Thus, UI may be an important factor limiting social engagement among women. Screening for mixed UI and UI that occurs greater than weekly and in amounts requiring pads may yield better information regarding an individual's future disability risk and may preserve social interaction.
The association between reproductive period and handgrip strength in postmenopausal women: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Sae Rom , Cho Young Hye , Park Eun Ju , Lee Youngin , In Choi Jung , Kwon Ryuk-Jun , Son Soo Min , Lee Sang Yeoup 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Menarche and menopause are associated with muscle loss and strength in women. Handgrip strength (HGS) is a reliable measurement method of muscle strength. However, it is unclear whether the entire reproductive period, which encompasses both menarche and menopause, is associated with HGS in postmenopausal women.

Methods
A total of 2,354 postmenopausal women aged 45-75 years were included for statistical analysis. The reproductive period was divided into tertiles, and HGS was divided into four quartiles. HGS was measured to evaluate muscle strength. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors with the first quartile HGS, derived from quartile data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the reproductive period (exposure) and low HGS (outcome).

Results
We found that the more extended the reproductive period, the lower the risk of low absolute HGS. This trend persisted even after controlling for other variables. Specifically, the odds ratio for low absolute HGS was 0.752 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.563-1.000) for the second tertile reproductive period and 0.683 (95% CI, 0.513-0.900) for the third tertile reproductive period, with the first tertile reproductive period as the reference. The odds ratio for low relative HGS was 0.761 (95% CI, 0.551-1.052) for the second tertile reproductive period and 0.732 (95% CI, 0.533-0.972) for the third tertile reproductive period, using first tertile reproductive period as the reference, after covariate adjustment.

Conclusions
A longer reproductive period is associated with a decreased risk of low HGS in postmenopausal women.