bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrauterine haematoma and placental protein 5 in patients with uterine bleeding during pregnancy
Authors: YLÖSTALO PEKKA , ÄMMÄLÄ PIRKKO , SEÄLÄ MARKKU 
Published: August 2005

summaryThe prognostic value of placental protein 5 (5) serum levels were compared with ultrasound in the clinical assessment of 26 patients with uterine bleeding at 12–33 weeks of pregnancy. An intrauterine haematoma was found by ultrasound in 16 patients (62%), and in those patients the duration of pregnancy was significantly shorter than in the 10 who did not have a haematoma. Placental abruption ensued in five patients with haematoma, and although the highest serum 5 level occurred in such a patient, the levels were similar to those in the other patients in whom no abruption was indentified. A clinically important finding was that, in placental abruption, a haematoma may accumulate between the fetal membranes and the uterine wall instead of in the retroplacental space. We conclude that ultrasound examination is more effective than 5 measurement in the assessment of prognosis of patients who bleed during pregnancy.
Nile stimulation in late pregnancy causing uterine hyperstimulation and profound fetal bradycardia
Authors: VIEGAS O. A. C. , ARULKUMARAN S. , GIBB D. M. F. , RATNAM S. S. 
Published: August 2005

summaryNile stimulation in late pregnancy may cause oxytocin release sufficient to give uterine hypertonus and danger to the fetus. Three patients are described in whom nile stimulation caused a marked but temporary fetal bradycardia.
Placental protein 12 (12) in the human endometrium: tissue concentration in relation to histology and serum levels of 12, progesterone and oestradiol
Authors: RUTANEN E.‐M. , KOISTINEN R. , WAHLSTRÖM T. , SJÖBERG J. , STENMAN U.‐H. , SEÁLÁ M. 
Published: August 2005

summaryPlacental protein 12 (12) was measured by radio‐immunoassay in serum and endometrial extracts of 25 women at various phases of the menstrual cycle, and in the decidua from six women undergoing legal abortion in early pregnancy. The results were analysed with respect to endometrial histology and serum oestradiol, progesterone and 12 concentrations. 12 was detected in the secretory phase endometrium and decidua, but not in the proliferative phase endometrium. The 12 concentration in tissue increased from early (1.3–9.4 μg/g protein) to late secretory phase (5.3‐155 μg/g), and considerably higher levels were found in decidua (282‐3846 μg/g). There was a correlation (P<0.001) between endometrial 12 and serum progesterone levels in non‐pregnant women, and there also was a slight correlation (P<0.05) between endometrial and serum 12 concentrations. These results show that 12 is not pregnancy specific and suggest that the occurrence of 12 is dependent on progesterone.
The role of cytoreductive surgery in advanced carcinoma of the ovary: an analysis of primary and second surgery
Authors: WILTSHAW E. , RAJU KANKIPATT S. , DAWSON I. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySecond operations were performed as part of planned management in 53 patients 5–7 months after starting apparently successful chemotherapy. The survival of these patients is compared with 56 other patients who did not have a second laparotomy but appeared t o be responding to chemotherapy equally well. Survival advantage was seen for those who had a partial remission followed by a further debulking procedure later. However, those patients who have a clinical complete remission do not seem to benefit from a second surgical intervention.
The role of second‐look laparotomy in the management of patients with Stage II, III and IV ovarian cancers following chemotherapy with cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide
Authors: KIRWAN P. H. , NAFTALIN N. J. , KHANNA S. , AUKETT R. J. 
Published: August 2005

Summary. Twenty‐eight patients underwent a second‐look laparotomy on completing triple agent chemotherapy with cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. The adequacy of the primary debulking procedure and the stage of tumour were the most significant factors associated with a good prognosis. Grade and histological type of tumour had no effect on survival rates. Eighteen patients were surgically free of disease at the second‐look procedure and of these, all are alive and disease free with a mean survival time of 39 months. Of the 10 patients with positive second‐look procedures, four are dead. The mean survival for patients with positive second look laparotomies was 30.7 months. Second‐look laparotomy may contribute to increased survival if pelvic clearance was not attempted at initial staging laparotomy but should primarily be used to assess new agents and new combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and to define the optimum number of courses of chemotherapy.
Outcome of pregnancies progressing beyond 28 weeks gestation in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage
Authors: REGINALD P. W. , BEARD R. W. , CHAPPLE J. , FORBES P. B. , LIDDELL H. S. , MOWBRAY J. F. , UNDERWOOD J. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNinety‐seven women who had had three or more miscarriages had also had at least one pregnancy with a singleton birth that had reached 28 weeks gestation. Information was available on these 118 babies; 30% were small‐for‐gestational age (birthweight ≤ 10th centile using figures from Scotland 1973–79), 28% were born preterm, and the perinatal mortality rate (excluding babies of <28 weeks gestation) was 161/1000 births, all of which are significantly increased above the prevalence for a normal obstetric population. These observations may serve to alert the clinician to the increased risk of these complications when dealing with women who have a history of recurrent miscarriage.
Intradiscal Electrothermal Coagulation and Percutaneous Neuromodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Discogenic Low Back Pain
Authors: Rozen Dima , Grass Gerald W. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract:  Low back pain (LBP) is a major physical and socioeconomic entity. A significant percentage of LBP is attributable to internal disc disruption. The management of internal disc disruption has traditionally been limited to either conservative treatment or spinal fusion. Intradiscal electrothermal coagulation (IDET) and percutaneous neuromodulation therapy (PNT) are now being performed as an alternative to these therapies. Scientific data regarding the pathophysiology, biologic effects, and clinical results are relatively scarce. Early biomechanical and histologic investigations into the effects of IDET are conflicting. However, in early prospective human trials, IDET seems to provide some benefit with little risk. PNT represents a new less invasive technique for the treatment of discogenic pain, but limited research is available to determine long‐term clinical efficacy.IDET and PNT are potentially beneficial treatments for internal disc disruption in carefully selected patients as an alternative to spinal fusion. More basic science and clinical research with long‐term follow‐up evaluation is necessary.
Anterior Cervical Approach for Stellate Ganglion and T2 to T3 Sympathetic Blocks: A Novel Technique
Authors: Vallejo Ricardo , Plancarte Ricardo , Benyamin Ramsin M. , Santiago‐Palma Juan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground:  Stellate ganglion block is used for the diagnosis and treatment of sympathetically maintained pain syndromes. Multiple anatomic variations and inaccurate sympathetic block may mislead the diagnosis and prevent patients from receiving potentially beneficial interventions. We describe a novel approach to blockade of the sympathetic chain at C7 and at T2 to T3 with a single‐needle injection.Technique:  With the patient in supine position, the uncinate process of C7 is identified fluoroscopically as a target for insertion of a catheter through a Touhy needle. The catheter is directed caudally to the junction of T2 and T3. Contrast injection confirms the spread to the appropriate levels before injection of local anesthetic.Conclusion:  This novel approach to blockade of the upper extremity sympathetic innervation may enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic benefit as compared with traditional approaches to the stellate ganglion alone. This approach may be expected to decrease the risk of pneumothorax when compared with the posterior approach to T2 to T3.
Accuracy of Caudal Epidural Injection: The Importance of Real‐Time Imaging
Authors: Ergin Atilla , Yanarates Omer , Sizlan Ali , Orhan M. Emin , Kurt Ercan , Guzeldemir M. Erdal 
Published: August 2005

Abstract:  Caudal epidural steroid injections are often used for low back pain. Fluoroscopic guidance has been frequently cited as a requirement for this procedure.In this preliminary report, we demonstrate that fluoroscopic guidance for caudal epidural Tuohy needle placement without real‐time imaging may result in inadvertent intravenous injection of the drug. We detected intravenous leakage of the drug in 4 cases of 10 when real‐time fluoroscopic imaging was used. Thus, real‐time imaging may be recommended in addition to routine fluoroscopic guidance for caudal epidural procedures, as it may improve efficacy and safety by assuring accurate drug deposition.
Glacial Sediment Causing Regional‐Scale Elevated Arsenic in Drinking Water
Authors: Erickson Melinda L. , Barnes Randal J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn the upper Midwest, USA, elevated arsenic concentrations in public drinking water systems are associated with the lateral extent of northwest provenance late Wisconsin‐aged drift. Twelve percent of public water systems located within the footprint of this drift (212 of 1764) exceed 10 μg/L arsenic, which is the U.S. EPA's drinking water standard. Outside of the footprint, only 2.4% of public water systems (52 of 2182) exceed 10 μg/L arsenic. Both glacial drift aquifers and shallow bedrock aquifers overlain by northwest provenance late Wisconsin‐aged sediment are affected by arsenic contamination. Evidence suggests that the distinct physical characteristics of northwest provenance late Wisconsin‐aged drift—its fine‐grained matrix and entrained organic carbon that fosters biological activity—cause the geochemical conditions necessary to mobilize arsenic via reductive mechanisms such as reductive desorption and reductive dissolution of metal oxides. This study highlights an important and often unrecognized phenomenon: high‐arsenic sediment is not necessary to cause arsenic‐impacted ground water—when “impacted” is now defined as >10 μg/L. This analysis also demonstrates the scientific and economic value of using existing large but imperfect statewide data sets to observe and characterize regional‐scale environmental problems.
Ampere's Law and the Vector Potential
Authors: Raff S. J. 
Published: August 2005

Some general features of several elementary methods of determining the magnetic field of a current configuration are examined. Ampere's law, the circuital form of Maxwell's equation and a derived relation between the magnetic field and the vector curl of the current, are each applied to the simple problem of computing the magnetic field due to a thin current dipole in a conducting medium. The significance of closed current paths and the conditions under which the return currents in the medium must be included in the computation are discussed for the dc case.
The conclusions concerning dc currents are then considered in relation to ac problems and the use of the vector potential in antenna problems. These considerations indicate why only antenna currents enter into the computation of vector potential and the nature of the “thick antenna” problem.
Introduction to Geomagnetism: The Equatorial Electrojet
Authors: Casaverde Mateo 
Published: August 2005

The fundamentals of the measurement of the earth's magnetic field are described. The general form of the geomagnetic field is approximated to the field of a theoretical dipole magnet. The solar daily type (S) of transient variation in the geomagnetic field depends on the solar activity, the seasons, the geographical latitude, and local time. At Huancayo Magnetic Observatory the abnormally high daily variation of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field at the magnetic equator was discovered. This variation is confined to a narrow belt around the magnetic equator due to an induced effect of the equatorial electrojet.
This equatorial electrojet is an eastward flowing current in the atmosphere at about 100 km altitude, some 660 km wide, with a measured maximum current density of as high as 140 amp/ km of width, for a given time. The theory of the origin of the electrojet developing from an increase in atmospheric conductivity at the equator and winds at high latitudes is described. Finally, the quiet-day solar daily variation in the vertical component of the geomagnetic field in the magnetic equatorial region in Peru is presented tentatively as a combined effect of the normal upper atmospheric current flow and the electrojet. A bibliography is included.
Resource Letter QSL-1 on Quantum and Statistical Aspects of Light
Authors: Carruthers P. 
Published: August 2005

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Committee on Resource Letters.
This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics, intended to guide college physicists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help them improve course contents in specified fields of physics. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments and suggestions concerning the content and arrangement of letters as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Arnold Arons, Chairman Resource Letter Committee, Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts. This activity is supported by a National Science Foundation grant.
Notation: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary level, useful principally for freshman liberal arts through sophomore physics courses; the letter I indicates intermediate (junior, senior) level; and the letter A indicates advanced material principally suited for senior, graduate study. An asterisk (*) indicates items particularly recommended for introductory study.
Additional copies: Available from American Institute of Physics, 335 East 45 Street, New York 17, New York. When ordering, request Resource Letter QSL-1, and enclose a stamped return envelope.
Resource Letter AT-1 on Achievement Testing
Authors: Kruglak Haym 
Published: August 2005

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Committee on Resource Letters and the AAPT Committee on Tests; supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics, intended to guide college physicists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help them improve course contents in specified fields of physics. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments and suggestions concerning the content and arrangement of letters as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Arnold Arons, Chairman, Resource Letter Committee, Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts.
Notation: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary reading level, the letter I indicates intermediate level, and the letter A indicates advanced material principally suited for senior, graduate study. An asterisk (*) indicates items particularly recommended for introductory study.
Additional copies: Available from American Institute of Physics, 335 East 45 Street, New York, New York 10017. When ordering, request Resource Letter AT-1 and enclose a stamped return envelope.
Optical Resource Letter on Colorimetry
Authors: Wyszecki Günter 
Published: August 2005

These Optical Resource Letters are patterned after the materials that have been developed by the AAPT Committee on Resource Letters and previously published in the American Journal of Physics. Since they contain information of direct interest to most teachers of physics, we are pleased to have the permission of the Journal of the Optical Society of America to reprint them in AJP. The purpose is to provide, in an important field of optics, briefly annotated references which should be of value to teachers, researchers, engineers, and technicians interested in the subject area. No claim is made for completeness or exhaustiveness of coverage; rather, it is hoped that the references quoted will be helpful in themselves, and will be representative, or at least suggestive, of the broad literature on this subject. The letter E following an item number indicates that the reference is on a more-or-less elementary level; the letter A indicates an advanced level.
The present Optical Resource Letter, OC-1, was prepared under the direction of the OSA Ad Hoc Committee on Resource Letters: K. M. Baird, H. E. Breed, M. A. Jeppesen, J. M. Stone, and S. S. Ballard (Chairman).
Additional copies are available from the Executive Office of the Optical Society of America, 2100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20037. Request Optical Resource Letter OC-1, and please enclose a stamped, return-addressed envelope.
Optical Resource Letter on Radiometry
Authors: Nicodemus Fred E. 
Published: August 2005

These Optical Resource Letters are patterned after the materials that have been developed by the AAPT Committee on Resource Letters and previously published in the American Journal of Physics. Since they contain information of direct interest to most teachers of physics, we are pleased to have the permission of the Journal of the Optical Society of America to reprint them in AJP. The purpose is to provide, in an important field of optics, briefly annotated references that should be of value to teachers, researchers, engineers, and technicians interested in the subject area. No claim is made for completeness or exhaustiveness of coverage; rather, it is hoped that the references quoted will be helpful in themselves and will be representative, or at least suggestive, of the broad literature on this subject. The letter E following an item number indicates that the reference is on a more-or-less elementary level; the letter A indicates an advanced level.
The present Optical Resource Letter, OR-2, was prepared under the direction of the OSA Ad Hoc Committee on Resource Letters: K. M. Baird, H. E. Breed, M. A. Jeppesen, J. M. Stone, and S. S. Ballard (Chairman).
Additional copies: Available from the Executive Office of the Optical Society of America, 2100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20037. Request Optical Resource Letter OR-2 and please enclose a stamped return-addressed envelope.
Muscular development and physical activity as major determinants of femoral bone mass acquisition during growth
Authors: Vicente-Rodriguez G , Ara I , Perez-Gomez J , Dorado C , Calbet J A L 
Published: August 2005

Objectives:To investigate to what extent bone mass accrual is determined by physical activity and changes in lean, fat, and total body mass during growth.Methods:Twenty six physically active and 16 age matched control boys were followed up for three years. All subjects were prepubertal at the start of the survey (mean (SEM) age 9.4 (0.3) years). The weekly physical activity of the active boys included compulsory physical education sessions (80–90 minutes a week), three hours a week of extracurricular sports participation, and occasional sports competitions at weekends. The physical activity of the control group was limited to the compulsory physical education curriculum. Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (BMD), lean mass, and fat mass were measured by dual energyxray absorptiometry.Results:The effect of sports participation on femoral bone mass accrual was remarkable. Femoral BMC and BMD increased twice as much in the active group as in the controls over the three year period (p<0.05). The greatest correlation was found between the increment in femoral bone mass and the increment in lean mass (BMCr =  0.67 and BMDr =  0.69, both p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed enhancement in lean mass as the best predictor of the increment in femoral bone BMC (R =  0.65) and BMD (R =  0.69).Conclusions:Long term sports participation during early adolescence results in greater accrual of bone mass. Enhancement of lean mass seems to be the best predictor of this bone mass accumulation. However, for a given muscle mass, a greater level of physical activity is associated with greater bone mass and density in peripubertal boys.
Hypermobility and sports injuries in junior netball players
Authors: Smith R , Damodaran A K , Swaminathan S , Campbell R , Barnsley L 
Published: August 2005

Objective:To evaluate the incidence of hypermobility in young female netball players and to determine the relation between hypermobility, previous injuries sustained in netball or other sports, and the use of protective equipment.Methods:Under 16 year old female netball players from a local suburban netball association were assessed for joint hypermobility using the validated Beighton score (0–9, with higher scores indicating increasing hypermobility). Player profiles and details of sporting injuries, both netball and non-netball, and the use of protective equipment were gathered by means of a self completed questionnaire. Parental and child consent was obtained.Results:Two hundred netball players were recruited for the study. Twenty one percent of the subjects with a Beighton hypermobility score of 0–2 had sustained previous netball injuries compared with 37% with Beighton scores of 3–4, and 43% with scores of 5–9. These differences were significant (p<0.025). Injuries were most common in the ankle (42%), knee (27%), and fingers (15%). Thirty nine players (19%) wore protective equipment, and within this group 30 (77%) had sustained previous injuries. No association was detected between hypermobile joints and non-netball sporting injuries.Conclusions:In this study hypermobility was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of injuries in junior netball players. A targeted interventional approach may help to reduce injuries in this susceptible group.
The risk of chronic traumatic brain injury in professional boxing: change in exposure variables over the past century
Authors: Clausen H , McCrory P , Anderson V 
Published: August 2005

Objectives:To determine if boxing exposure has changed over time and hence if current professional boxers are at the same risk of developing chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) as historical controls.Design:Literature review of published studies and analysis of data of active professional boxers.Subjects:Professional boxers in the United Kingdom and Australia.Main outcome measures:Boxing history and participation in sparring and professional bouts.Results:Since the 1930s, the average duration of a professional boxer’s career has dropped from 19 years to five years, and the mean number of career bouts has reduced from 336 to 13. This is despite no significant decline in participation rates from 1931 until 2002.Conclusions:The incidence of boxing related CTBI will diminish in the current era of professional boxing because of the reduction in exposure to repetitive head trauma and increasing medical monitoring of boxers, with preparticipation medical and neuroimaging assessments resulting in the detection of early and potentially pre-symptomatic cases of CTBI.