bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on process vibrations and forces and their effects on resulting optical component qualities in a CNC grinding process
Authors: Binder Marcel , Henkel Sebastian , Bliedtner Jens , Fritzsche Marco , Biegler Eugen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The presented investigations deal with the real-time evaluation and recording of vibrations and forces during a CNC grinding process as well as the analysis and control of process influences on the surface quality of optical components. The experiments were performed on a 5-axis CNC machine and monitored using a laser vibrometer and a dynamometer. The subsequent examination of the component surfaces and topographies is carried out with the aid of two white light interferometry systems (macroscopic and microscopic). The aim of the investigations is to record and analyze correlations between the vibrometry, force and topography measurement data in order to examine their influence on the grinding process and the resulting component quality and to examine whether in-process vibrometry and force measurements can be used to detect and predict component quality during the process. Furthermore, the influence of individual grinding parameters on the grinding forces as well as the resulting component qualities are investigated under consideration of the surface roughness. It is shown that the vibration and force data measured during the grinding process correlate to a high degree with the recorded topography data. In addition, it was possible to determine which parameters have a significant influence on the observed CNC process. The setting parameters feed speed, tool grain size, and infeed depth had the greatest influence on the roughness and also on the forces. For example, the roughness could be reduced by around 47% by using the lowest considered feed speed compared to the highest. Furthermore, the forces were significantly influenced by the ultrasonic and could be reduced by around 53% by switching it on. The results underline the importance of real-time measurement technologies for improving CNC grinding processes, as they provide critical insights into the dynamic behavior of the system and its impact on the surface quality of optical components. This research demonstrates that by understanding the correlation between process forces, vibrations, and resulting surface topographies, it is possible to develop predictive models for in-process quality assurance. Consequently, the findings pave the way for more efficient and reliable grinding processes, reducing rework rates, and production costs. The presented approach can be directly applied in high-precision manufacturing environments, contributing to advancements in the fabrication of high-quality optical systems.
Effect of metoprolol exposure following myocardial infarction on future cardiovascular events: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Bruun Lina Dorthea , Andersen Geir Øystein , Kringen Marianne Kristiansen , Myhre Peder Langeland , Halvorsen Sigrun , Hansen Charlotte Holst , Molden Espen , Øie Erik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The clinical benefit of up-titration of metoprolol to a guideline-recommended target dose after myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether variation in metoprolol exposure determined by cytochrome p450 enzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) influences the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and cardiovascular death (CV death) among patients treated with metoprolol after MI.

Method
This Mendelian randomization study was performed using individual-level data from 1554 patients treated with metoprolol after an acute MI. CYPD26 genotype was applied as a binary genetic instrument assigning patients into two metoprolol exposure groups: CYP2D6 normal metabolizers (NM) (low exposure) and CYP2D6 intermediate and poor metabolizers (IM + PM) (high exposure). The null hypothesis of no association between the CYP2D6 metabolizer subgroup and MACE or CV death was tested using the Cox proportional hazards model. All-cause mortality and individual components of MACE were included as secondary outcomes.

Results
In total, 879 (56.6%) patients were classified as NM and 675 (43.4%) as IM + PM. During the 3-year follow-up, 56 patients (6.4%) in the NM group had an outcome of MACE, and 24 (2.7%) patients died from CV disease. Corresponding frequency in the IM + PM group was 47 (7.0%) and 22 (3.3%), respectively. There was no association between genotype and MACE [unadjusted HR 1.12 (CI 0.76, 1.65)] or CV death [unadjusted HR 1.20 (CI 0.67, 2.14)], or between the CYP2D6 group and any of the secondary outcomes.

Conclusion
In patients treated with metoprolol after MI, variation in metoprolol exposure determined by CYP2D6 did not impact the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
Reducing radiation exposure in pediatric cervical spine imaging for trauma: a multi-disciplinary quality improvement initiative
Authors: Yu Nina , Kohler Jonathan Emerson , Grether-Jones Kendra , Murphy Maureen , Zwienenberg Marike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Pediatric cervical spine injury (PCSI) can result in devastating neurologic disability. While computed tomography (CT) imaging is both sensitive and specific in detecting clinically significant injuries, indiscriminate utilization can lead to excessive ionizing radiation exposure. A routine institutional audit revealed CTs were inappropriately obtained 54% of the time. This study evaluates the effects of an updated protocol to reduce radiation exposure in pediatric trauma patients.

Methods
Data were retrospectively analyzed from a pediatric level 1 trauma center from 2021 to 2022. The data were divided into two cohorts, pre-implementation (2021) and post-implementation (2022). Inclusion criteria were patients 0–14 years old with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ranging 9–15. Outside-hospital transfers were excluded. The primary study endpoints were guideline compliance and CT utilization.

Results
A total of 82 subjects were enrolled in this study. In 2021, there were 38 subjects (female/male 15/23, mean age 5.9 years old) with an average GCS of 13.6. In 2022, there were 44 subjects (female/male 19/25, mean age 5.2 years old) with an average GCS of 14.0. In 2021, the overall protocol adherence rate was 81.6%, and post-implementation in 2022, compliance was 93.2% (p = 0.109). Following implementation, the rate of inappropriate (protocol non-adherent CT) use decreased from 58.6 to 6.8% (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Implementation of a new evidence-based institutional protocol for PCSI was associated with improved adherence and reduction of unnecessary CT orders. Ongoing monitoring will help determine if these improvements are sustained.
A comparative study on trocar configurations and the use of steerable instruments in totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia surgery training
Authors: van de Pas M. E. C. M. , Postema R. R. , Theeuwes H. P. , Klok J. W. A. , Rahimi M. , Verhoef C. , Horeman Tim 
Published: February 2025

Background
Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia surgery is a commonly performed but technically challenging procedure with a long learning curve. As TEP can be executed using two different trocar placements: a midline or a triangular configuration, the question remains which one is technically easier to master.

Methods
In a multicenter crossover-study, medical students were randomised into two groups and executed tasks on a box trainer that measured time, volume and force parameters. Additionally, the study assessed whether the SATA instrument, a steerable laparoscopic instrument that articulates the instrument’s tip, would reduce the difficulty of performing the tasks in the midline configuration. After training, all participants executed a first experiment using both trocar configurations, followed by a second experiment executed with steerable and non-steerable instruments in the midline configuration. Subjective and objective performances per condition and learning curves were assessed.

Results
Participants were faster and showed lower peak forces in the triangulated configuration. Learning curve analysis showed a positive improvement in time and path length in the midline configuration. Although participants rated ergonomics and intuitiveness similarly between the instruments, they found the task easier with the SATA instruments, ranking the added value of the steering function as 5 out of 5. Objectively, time and path length showed no significant differences while exerted forces were lower when using conventional instruments.

Conclusion
Although the midline configuration is preferred in terms of comfort and posture, the findings indicate that, for inexperienced practitioners, performing TEP surgery in midline configuration is both subjectively and objectively more challenging, highlighting the need for extensive training to overcome its difficulties and possibly shorten its learning curve. Although instruments with additional steering functions were preferred over conventional instruments in the more challenging midline configuration, additional steering complexity did not result in better parameter outcomes, showing the need for more extensive training.
Fistulectomy and primary sphincter reconstruction for high cryptoglandular anal fistula: a retrospective cohort study with long-term results
Authors: Sørensen Karam Matlub , Qvist Niels 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Surgical repair for high anal fistulas is challenging and can be associated with impaired functional outcomes. This study evaluated the long-term results of transsphincteric fistulectomy with primary sphincter repair for high anal fistulas in terms of recurrence, wound healing, fecal incontinence, and quality of life.

Method
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent surgical repair for high anal fistulas between 2006 and 2015. Data were collected by reviewing patients’ electronic hospital records, including demographic characteristics, medical conditions, surgical findings, performed procedures, and follow-up data until the last recorded visit. Functional outcomes were assessed using self-reported online questionnaires for quality of life (RAND SF-36) and fecal incontinence (Wexner score).

Results
Fifty-five patients were included. Primary healing was achieved in 42 (76%) patients, while 13 (24%) experienced recurrence. Following reoperations for recurrence, an additional 12 patients achieved healing, resulting in an overall healing rate of 98%. The median Wexner score was significantly higher in reoperated patients, and the median scores across all eight parameters of the RAND SF-36 were lower. None of the patients required proctectomy, and two ended with permanent stomas.

Conclusion
Surgery for high anal fistulas is associated with a high success rate, but reoperations for recurrence are linked to considerable impairment in functional outcomes.
Model-informed repurposing of eliglustat for treatment and prophylaxis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic-uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) in children
Authors: Wolthuis David F. G. J. , Freriksen Jolien J. M. , ter Avest Mendy , Kartha Reena V. , de Wildt Saskia N. , Wijnsma Kioa , van de Kar Nicole C. A. J. , ter Heine Rob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic-uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a severe illness predominantly affecting young children, with limited treatment options beyond supportive care. Eliglustat, approved for Gaucher disease, shows potential in reducing Shiga toxin binding to target glomerular endothelial cells in vitro, prompting interest as a treatment for STEC-HUS. However, it remains unknown what dose is likely to be effective and safe for treatment of STEC-HUS in the pediatric population. We hypothesize that effective and safe levels of eliglustat can be reached in children.

Methods
We identified pharmacokinetic targets of efficacy for treatment and prophylaxis of STEC-HUS based on a preclinical model and human cardiac safety data. Then, we developed oral and intravenous dosing regimens using population pharmacokinetic (popPK) simulations based on an existing model enriched to allow extrapolation to a simulated virtual pediatric population. These dosing regimens were then confirmed using a verified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model.

Results
We simulated, using popPK data, oral and intravenous dosing regimens resulting in adequate target exposure in > 90% of all patients, with minimal expected risk for cardiotoxicity. Confirmation of these dosing regimens with PBPK modeling resulted in very similar exposure, with lower interindividual variability and minimal toxicity potential.

Conclusions
Based on pharmacokinetic modeling, we developed oral and intravenous eliglustat dosing regimens that are likely safe and effective for treatment of STEC-HUS and prophylaxis in case of outbreaks of STEC infections. Clinical evaluation of these dosing regimens in children suspected of or diagnosed with STEC-HUS is required and should include assessment of pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety (e.g., ECG monitoring).

Graphical abstract
Physical activity promotion and participation for people living with and beyond head and neck cancer: A mixed methods study
Authors: Doughty Hannah C. , Woolfall Kerry , Hill Ruaraidh A. , Midgley Adrian W. , Patterson Joanne M. , Boddy Lynne M. , Rogers Simon N. , Williams Nefyn H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Head and neck cancer (HaNC) can be debilitating, resulting in high symptom burden. Physical activity (PA) can improve quality of life; however, less than 9% of HaNC patients are physically active. This study explored barriers to, and facilitators of, PA promotion and participation for HaNC patients.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with patients, family members and healthcare professionals were conducted. A questionnaire was used to measure patients’ self-reported self-efficacy (The General Self-Efficacy Scale) and patients’ and healthcare professionals’ self-reported PA (The International PA Questionnaire — Short Form). Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and quantitative data were analysed descriptively. Data were synthesised drawing on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour model and the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Results
Twenty-eight patients, 10 family members and 18 healthcare professionals participated. Most patients self-reported moderate-to-high levels of PA and self-efficacy. Professionals self-reported high levels of PA. Patients were unaware of the benefits of PA for managing side effects and improving quality of life. Family members and professionals were fearful of patients causing themselves harm by being physically active (reflective motivation and beliefs about consequences). Some professionals did not consider it within their role to promote PA to HaNC patients. Many professionals stated they required training in PA promotion, and patients and family members stated they required information and guidance (psychological capability and knowledge).

Conclusion
The responsibility of PA promotion is multidisciplinary and educating patients on the benefits and safety of PA may mitigate treatment-related side effects and improve quality of life. Future research should explore if barriers to, and facilitators of, PA behaviour change over a patient’s treatment trajectory.
Clioquinol inhibits angiogenesis by promoting VEGFR2 degradation and synergizes with AKT inhibition to suppress triple-negative breast cancer vascularization
Authors: Gu Yuan , Tang Tianci , Qiu Moqin , Wang Hongmei , Ampofo Emmanuel , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis, either as monotherapy or in conjunction with other treatments, holds significant promise in cancer treatment. However, the limited efficacy of clinically approved anti-angiogenic agents underscores the urgent need for the development of novel drugs and therapeutic strategies. In this study, we demonstrate the highly selective inhibitory effects of clioquinol, a topical antifungal and antibiotic agent, on the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells (ECs) in a series of in vitro angiogenesis assays. Moreover, clioquinol effectively suppressed blood vessel formation in ex vivo aortic ring and in vivo Matrigel plug assays. Mechanistic studies revealed that clioquinol directly binds to the ATP-binding site of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), promoting its degradation through both proteasome and lysosome pathways. This led to the down-regulation of the downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. In addition, the combination with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 synergistically boosted the anti-angiogenic efficacy of clioquinol in vitro and in an in vivo dorsal skinfold chamber model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), leading to the suppression of TNBC growth. Accordingly, clioquinol, either alone or in combination with AKT inhibitors, represents a promising therapeutic agent for future anti-angiogenic cancer treatment.
“Until dignity becomes customary” archiving the #28A strike in Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Marta Lucía , Arenas Sandra , Yepes Nicolás , Sáenz Andrés , Ramirez Duan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to document the creation of the Archivo del Paro #28A, a digital archive created in Colombia as a result of the social mobilizations that took place in 2021. To this end, we situate the cycle of protests that has been referred to as “social outburst” in a context of economic, political, and social crisis deepened by the effects of unequal management of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in a context of political opening following the peace agreements between the State and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People’s Army (FARC-EP) in 2016. In this context, we argue that the social outburst of 2021 constituted a historical milestone in terms of democratic political participation and, consequently, we respond to the ethical and political duty of archiving it. We then show that the project for creating the Archivo del Paro #28A is inspired by other initiatives that have taken place in the international arena. Finally, we describe the process of creating the archive through the campaign “Hacer eterno lo efímero” [Making the ephemeral last forever], which framed the processes of gathering, classification, valuation, and dissemination of the collected documents as a strategy to achieve a broad diversity of voices.
Co-designing to develop computational thinking skills in Nigeria K-12 using scratch
Authors: Sunday Amos Oyelere , Agbo Friday Joseph , Suhonen Jarkko , Jormanainen Ilkka , Tukiainen Markku 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The need to integrate the teaching and learning of computational thinking (CT) in K-12 education has been on the rise since it was identified as a skill for solving 21st-century problems. The co-design pedagogical approach has shown great potential in promoting effective communication of CT to both university and K-12 students with the support of different educational tools in different contexts. To ensure Nigerian secondary school (K-12) students develop CT skills, a four-day co-design CT activities workshop was organized. Co-design pedagogy and constructivism theory were deployed in this study with students co-designing COVID-19 disease spread game for learning CT. A mixed method was adopted to investigate student’s interest, attitudes, understanding of CT, and their learning experience from implementing CT-based prototype using Scratch. This study recruited 40 students from two different secondary schools in Nigeria as participants. The result revealed that student’s interest in learning CT was aroused through the use of co-design pedagogy and Scratch (μ = 4.55, σ = 0.815). Similarly, students attitude toward CT after the intervention study shows positive (μ = 4.50, σ = 0.716). This study paved way for student’s skills development in teamwork and collaborative learning, communication, idea sharing, personal skill development, game design, and understanding of programming. This study instigates thinking ideation, inspires the application of CT concepts in daily life activities, and improves problem-solving skills. This study promotes and advocates for the application of co-design pedagogy to foster the teaching and learning of CT in a Nigerian context. This study contributes to knowledge by promoting the use of Scratch as a tool for co-designing in learning CT, proposing a four-phase co-design application flow for the integration of co-design pedagogy with Scratch for learning CT in the Nigerian K-12 context and suggesting ways to implement the teaching and learning of CT in K-12 education.
$$\gamma $$/hadron discrimination by analysis of the muon lateral distribution and the ALPAQUITA array
Authors: Anzorena M. , de la Fuente E. , Fujita K. , Garcia R. , Goto K. , Hayashi Y. , Hibino K. , Hotta N. , Imaizumi G. , Jimenez-Meza A. , Katayose Y. , Kato C. , Kato S. , Kawashima T. , Kawata K. , Koi T. , Kojima H. , Makishima T. , Masuda Y. , Matsuhashi S. , Matsumoto M. , Mayta R. , Miranda P. , Mizuno A. , Munakata K. , Nakamura Y. , Nishizawa M. , Noguchi Y. , Ogio S. , Ohnishi M. , Okukawa S. , Oshima A. , Raljevic M. , Rivera H. , Saito T. , Sako T. , Sako T. K. , Shibasaki T. , Shibata S. , Shiomi A. , Subieta M. , Sugimoto F. , Tajima N. , Takano W. , Takita M. , Tameda Y. , Tanaka K. , Ticona R. , Toledano-Juarez I. , Tsuchiya H. , Tsunesada Y. , Udo S. , Usui R. , Yamagishi G. , Yamazaki K. , Yokoe Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A new method using the muon lateral distribution and an underground muon detector to achieve high discrimination power against hadrons is presented. The method is designed to be applied in the Andes Large-area PArticle detector for Cosmic-ray physics and Astronomy (ALPACA) experiment in Bolivia. This new observatory in the Southern hemisphere has the goal of detecting >100 TeV

$$\gamma $$

γ

rays in search for the origins of Galactic cosmic rays. The method uses the weighted sum of the lateral distribution of the muons detected by underground detectors to separate between air showers initiated by cosmic rays and

$$\gamma $$

γ

rays. We evaluate the performance of the method through Monte Carlo simulations with CORSIKA and Geant4 and apply the analysis to the prototype of ALPACA, ALPAQUITA. With the application of this method in ALPAQUITA, we achieve an improvement of about 18 % in the energy range from 60 to 100 TeV over the estimated sensitivity using only the total number of muons.