bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pettys Nonlinear Model in Wood Permeability Measurement
Authors: Lu J. , Bao F. , Zhao Y. 
Published: March 2005

Summary
To calculate the effective radii of two conductive elements in series in wood specimens by using the gas
permeability measurement, the four parameters from the curvilinear relationship of superficial specific
permeability against reciprocal mean pressure as illustrated in Petty's model must be evaluated. This
paper describes a detailed procedure for obtaining such parameters by using the least-squares fit calculated
from a statistical analysis system (SAS) program. Three different iterative optimization algorithms
and starting points were used separately to fit the Petty's nonlinear model based on the same experimental
data from one specimen of birch. The estimate of the parameters: A = 35.38 darcy, B = 80.51
darcy, l = 0.19 darcy atm, m = 6.34 darcy atm was recommended for the fitted model. Compared to the
results on the estimate of parameters obtained in the previous papers, this estimate for the parameters
was a global minimum, thus it was a refinement and more accurate. Since the Gauss-Newton method
resulted in almost the same convergence results for all the three sets of starting values with the least iterations
in the evaluation, it was the preferred optimization algorithm both for simplicity and accuracy in
solving the Petty's model. Because the same solutions for all three iterative optimization algorithms were
obtained by using two different sets of starting points produced from the grid search, a grid search
seemed to be very helpful for finding reasonable starting values for various iterative optimization techniques.
Development of an Apparatus to Investigate the Stress Variables Governing Unsaturated Soil Behavior
Authors: Tarantino A , Mongiovì L 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The paper presents the development of an apparatus to investigate the stress variables governing unsaturated soil behavior. This apparatus was devised to explore the range of negative pore-water pressures. Tests were performed by preventing deformation and water content change of an unsaturated sample and measuring changes in normal net stress and matric suction in response to a change in pore-air pressure. The condition of null deformation and null water content change was achieved by specially designing the cell and the air supply system. Vented flush diaphragm transducers and vented Imperial College tensiometers were used to measure directly normal net stress and matric suction, respectively. A preliminary test demonstrated that an interaction occurred between the soil and the flush measurement diaphragms. A specific procedure was then devised to account for the error due to this interaction. The results from the experimental tests support the assumption that the stress variables governing unsaturated soil behavior can be reduced to two stress state variables, e.g., net stress and matric suction.
Effect of Residual Stresses on the Fatigue Crack Propagation in Welded Joints
Authors: Gubeljak N , Predan J , Pippan R , Oblak M 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effect of residual stress on the fatigue crack growth was investigated for cyclic tension. Three-point bend specimens were used with through thickness notches at the center line of the welded joint. The experiments were performed for different load amplitudes and load ratios under conditions of small-scale yielding. The influence of the residual stresses on fatigue crack growth was estimated by experimentally observed fatigue crack growth rate and measurement of residual stresses at the surface of specimen. This paper describes an approach taken in two models to estimate the residual stress effect on fatigue crack propagation and to predict remaining service life of a welded structure.
Fracture Resistance Characterization of Superpave Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bending Test
Authors: Wu Z , Mohammad LN , Wang LB , Mull MA 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The fracture resistance of asphalt mixture is an important property directly related to pavement distresses, such as cracking. This paper reports the investigation of a newly-developed semicircular bending (SCB) test as a candidate test for the fracture resistance characterization of asphalt mixtures. Thirteen Superpave mixtures, designed with four different binder types (AC-30, PAC-40, PG70-22M, and PG76-22M) and four different compaction levels (Ndesign = 75, 97, 109, and 125), were considered in this study. The SCB tests were conducted at 25°C using a three-point bending fixture in a MTS testing system. The fracture resistance was analyzed based on an elasto-plastic fracture mechanics concept of critical strain energy release rate, also called the critical value of J-integral (JC). Preliminary results indicate that the JC values were fairly sensitive to changes in binder type and nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) used in Superpave mixtures. This study suggests that the SCB test could be a valuable correlative tool in the evaluation of fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures.
Simple Extraction of Sulfite and Sulfate in Cogeneration Plant Circulating Fluidized Bed Fly Ash for Ion Chromatographic Analysis
Authors: Cowen WF 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A simple method is described for analyses of sulfite and sulfate, in cogeneration plant fly ash/bottom ash from a coal-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) steam-electricity cogeneration process. Ash is shaken for 3 h (room temperature) in 3 mM disodium EDTA solution, and then the filtrate is analyzed by ion chromatography/suppressed conductivity. The EDTA slows the rate of metal ion-catalyzed sulfite oxidation by dissolved oxygen without using formaldehyde preservative. Sulfite standards in EDTA solution were stable for up to 3 days at room temperature in the presence of air. Detection limits were 0.08% by mass SO32− and 0.1 % by mass SO42− for 0.1 g fly ash extracted with 100 m1 of the EDTA reagent.
Quantification of Potentially Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds from Asphalt Binders Using Head-Space Gas Chromatography
Authors: Lange CR , Stroup-Gardiner M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A gas chromatograph (GC) methodology was developed that considers film thickness, aggregate surface area, and mix temperatures, since these variables are expected to influence the production of potentially odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Fifteen grams of 3 mm diameter glass beads (used to simulate a single fine size aggregate) is placed in a standard GC vial, and then coated with 0.5 g of asphalt to produce a film thickness of about 11 µm. This is representative of a typical dense graded hot mix asphalt (HMA) film thickness. The sealed vials are stored in the headspace sampler oven at the desired test temperature for 1 h. During this time, the maximum agitation option on the automated headspace sampler is used to simulate the exposure of the aggregate surface to air when the mix is either mixed in the rotary drum dryer, loaded into the haul trucks, or transferred from the trucks into the paver.
This methodology was used to identify and quantify more than 80 VOC compounds found in the vial headspace at 170°C (338°F); this temperature is at the high end of typical temperatures for the majority of HMA production operations. Individual compounds were grouped based on common characteristics: alkanes, heterocyclics, phthalates, aromatics, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), sulfur-containing, chlorinated, and organic acids. Of these groups, the aromatic, sulfur-containing, heterocyclics, and organic acid compounds have the highest potential for generating odors sometimes associated with HMA production operations. Five pairs of asphalt binders (one with and one without odor complaints) were evaluated using this methodology. In all cases, the asphalt with the reported complaints had either more compounds that exceeded odor thresholds or higher concentrations, or both.
Determination of Formaldehyde Evolved During the Curing of Melamine-Formaldehyde-Based Coatings
Authors: Phillips J H , Patterson J E 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Total formaldehyde in a coating is composed of both “free” and “cure” formaldehyde. It has been recognized for many years that certain coatings can contain free formaldehyde, which is present prior to the cross-linking reaction. Cure formaldehyde is generated as a byproduct during polymer cross-linking of certain coatings. Formaldehyde has been designated a Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP) by the USEPA and will contribute to the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) content of the coating.
ASTM Task Group D01.21.51A on “Cure Formaldehyde” has been working since 1998 to develop a simple method for determining the amount of cure formaldehyde emitted from coatings. Method development involved real time monitoring of formaldehyde by FT-IR to determine the effect of time, temperature, humidity, air flow, and film thickness on the cure reaction. The proposed ASTM method involves heating a thin film of coating for thirty minutes in a constant humidity purge chamber after solvent evaporation. Formaldehyde evolved during the curing process is collected on DNPH/Silica adsorbent tubes.
Determination of Thermal Properties of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Mamlouk MS , Witczak MW , Kaloush KE , Hasan N 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Rational analyses of pavement response require knowledge of the thermal properties of asphalt mixtures. These properties have not been reported thoroughly in the literature and researchers typically depend on assumed values. In the first part of this study, a laboratory test was developed to determine the thermal coefficients of expansion and contraction of several types of asphalt mixtures. The thermal coefficient values were dependent on material type and method of compaction. The coefficients of thermal expansion were slightly larger than the coefficients of thermal contraction. Hot mix asphalt (HMA) showed lower thermal coefficients than the asphalt rubber mix.
In the second part of the study, a heat flow computer program was used to simulate lab temperature measurements and calculate the volumetric heat capacity (C) and thermal conductivity (k) values of HMA. No unique C and k values were found, but a linear relationship between C and k values was obtained. A band of possible optimum C and k values was developed. The program was used to estimate the required stabilization times to change test specimen temperatures according to the dynamic modulus (E*) test protocols.
Sodium Reduction Legislation and Urinary Sodium and Blood Pressure in South Africa
Authors: Gaziano Thomas , Kapaon David , du Toit Jacques D. , Crowther Nigel J. , Wade Alisha N. , Fabian June , Riumallo-Herl Carlos , Roberts-Toler F. Carla , Gómez-Olivé Xavier , Tollman Stephen 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceReductions in dietary salt are associated with blood pressure reductions; however, national governments that have passed laws to reduce sodium intake have not measured these laws’ impact.ObjectiveTo determine if South African regulations restricting sodium content in processed foods were associated with reductions in sodium consumption and blood pressure.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe HAALSI (Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa) study is a population-based cohort study among adults aged 40 years or older randomly selected from individuals living in rural Mpumalanga Province in South Africa. This study incorporated 3 waves of data (2014/2015, 2018/2019, and 2021/2022) from the HAALSI study to examine how 24-hour urine sodium (24HrNa) excretion changed among a population-based cohort following mandatory sodium regulations. Spot urine samples were collected across 3 waves, and data analysis was performed from 2023 to 2024.ExposuresSouth African regulations introduced in 2013 that reduced levels for the maximum amount of sodium in milligrams per 100 mg of food product by 25% to 80% across 13 processed food categories by 2019.Main Outcomes and Measures24HrNa was estimated using the INTERSALT equation, and generalized estimating equations were used to assess changes in sodium excretion and blood pressure.ResultsAmong 5059 adults 40 years or older, mean (SD) age was 62.43 years (13.01), and 2713 participants (53.6%) were female. Overall mean (SD) estimated 24HrNa excretion at baseline was 3.08 g (0.78). There was an overall reduction in mean 24HrNa excretion of 0.22 g (95% CI, −0.27 to −0.17; P &amp;lt; .001) between the first 2 waves and a mean reduction of 0.23 g (95% CI, −0.28 to −0.18; P &amp;lt; .001) between the first and third waves. The reductions were larger when analysis was restricted to those with samples in all 3 waves (−0.26 g for both waves 2 and 3 compared to wave 1). Every gram of sodium reduction was associated with a −1.30 mm Hg reduction (95% CI, 0.65-1.96; P = .00) in systolic blood pressure. The proportion of the study population that achieved ideal sodium consumption (&amp;lt;2 g per day) increased from 7% to 17%.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this cohort study, following South African regulations limiting sodium in 13 categories of processed foods, there was a significant reduction in 24HrNa excretion among this rural South African population, which was sustained with reductions in blood pressure consistent with levels of sodium excreted. These results support the potential health effects anticipated by effective implementation of population-based salt reformulation policies.
Benchmarking MapRT and first clinical experience: A novel solution for collision‐free non‐coplanar treatment planning
Authors: Gonod Mathieu , Achag Ilyas , Farah Jad , Aubignac Léone , Bessieres Igor 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn recent years, complex re‐irradiations and stereotactic treatments have triggered the use of non‐coplanar treatments for better dose conformality, entailing risks of collision between the machine and the patient, couch, or immobilization device. To ensure the plans deliverability without collisions, time‐consuming actions are typically performed, including dry runs, in‐room couch rotations, and beam configuration tests during planning. To overcome these challenges, a new tool called MapRT (VisionRT Ltd., London, UK) was developed. MapRT predicts a clearance map based on a patients' 3D model (acquired with dedicated cameras at the CT simulation) and pre‐established machine models. This work evaluates the accuracy of MapRT using a 30 × 35 × 40 cm3 phantom and 64 gantry/couch collision coordinates on a Truebeam Linac (Varian, Palo Alto, USA). Collision coordinates were recorded for gantry and couch rotations. The agreement of real collision coordinates and MapRT's predictions was evaluated for different buffer margins around the couch/patient models customizable in MapRT. Results of the first clinical implementation of MapRT were also reported. With no buffer margin, MapRT's predictions and experimental collision coordinates showed small average differences but with large standard deviations for gantry (‐0.5°±6.2°) and couch (‐0.1°±4.8°) collision coordinates. When excluding the kV imaging components, these values were of ‐0.8°±3.5° for gantry and 0.4°±4.4° for couch. Finally, a 3 cm buffer margin allows for 100% accurate predictions by MapRT of gantry‐to‐phantom and gantry‐to‐couch collisions. Among the ∼900 treatment plans checked with MapRT, 22 collisions could be avoided while another 6 plans still incurred a collision but these are mainly due to users' oversights. MapRT easily predict collisions in complex treatment planning. This work demonstrated its reliability using a 3 cm buffer margin. MapRT is a promising tool for increasing security, time saving and workflow improvement.
Controllable Construction of Hollow Ni/NiO@PPy Particles for Broadband and Highly Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Peng Yaning , Meng Xiangwei , Wei Haotian , Tao Liting , Wei Zengxi , Sun Qian , Zhao Shuangliang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMicrowave‐absorbing materials are widely used in electromagnetic protection and military stealth fields. Hollow structure materials, as efficient microwave absorbing materials, have garnered considerable attention, since they are beneficial to multiple reflection and enhance the attenuation loss of microwaves. Herein, a strategy is proposed to prepare hollow Ni/NiO@PPy particles using a water‐soluble template method combined with in situ polymerization process. The cuboid hollow Ni/NiO@PPy particles are constructed with Na2SO4 as templates and then filled into epoxy resin to form composite films with excellent microwave absorption properties. The Ni/NiO@PPy composite film under optimal conditions exhibits a minimum reflection loss value of −72.14 dB and the absorption rate is more than 99.99% with filling content of 10 wt.%. By adjusting the film thickness, an effective absorption bandwidth of 15.94 GHz can be achieved, which almost completely covers the S, C, X, and Ku bands. The CST simulation results confirm the outstanding radar cross‐section attenuation of the composite film. Remarkably, with an ultra‐low filling content of 2.5 wt.%, the composite film still achieves an absorption rate of 99.90%, demonstrating highly efficient microwave absorption with ultra‐low filling content.
Macrophage Membrane‐Camouflaged Nanozymes for Combating the Oxidative Stress‐Microvascular Perfusion Negative Feedback in Ischemia‐Reperfusion Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Xia Fan , Xiang Shanshan , Qiu Yihe , Lou Haiya , Wang Shuaifei , Liu Yupeng , Yu Fangying , Li Shiyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI)‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI), driving necrosis of proximal tubule cells, inflammation, and capillary rarefaction. Inadequate perfusion resulting from capillary rarefaction can, in turn, induce chronic tissue hypoxia and exacerbate ischemic acute tubular necrosis, leading to an “oxidative stress‐microvascular perfusion” negative feedback that further aggravate kidney damage. In this study, a macrophage membrane‐camouflaged manganese‐based antioxidant nanozyme (MB@LM) is developed for targeted delivery and oxidative stress relief in AKI therapy. By inheriting macrophage surface proteins, MB@LM selectively targets damaged renal tissues that overexpress adhesion molecules like intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), facilitating enhanced accumulation at the injury site. The manganese‐based nanozyme core provides antioxidant enzyme‐mimicking activities, effectively reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. In IRI‐induced AKI mouse model, MB@LM treatment significantly reduces renal damage, restores renal microvascular perfusion as assessed by ultrasound imaging, and alleviated inflammation, demonstrating remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Overall, MB@LM represents a promising targeted therapy for AKI, offering precise delivery, potent antioxidant protection, and anti‐inflammatory effects to support renal recovery and improve outcomes for AKI.
Dual‐Defect Regulated G‐C3N4 for Piezoelectric Catalytic Tumor Therapy with Enhanced Efficacy
Authors: Yang Zhuang , Yuan Meng , Liu Bin , Ma Zhizi , Ma Jie , Ma Xinyu , Li Kai , Ma Ping'an , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPiezoelectric catalysis for tumor treatment is an emerging method for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the development and optimization of piezoelectric catalytic nanomaterials remain the major challenge. Herein, by regulating the internal and surface defects of graphene phase carbon nitride (defect‐engineered g‐C3N4), its piezoelectricity and sonocatalytic performance is enhanced, thus achieving efficient tumor treatment. By reducing bulk defects, the charges excited by ultrasound (US) within the defect‐engineered g‐C3N4 can migrate more rapidly to the material surface, thereby enhancing their participation in redox reactions. Increasing surface defects not only introduce more active sites on the surface of defect‐engineered g‐C3N4 but also enhance the asymmetry of the defect‐engineered g‐C3N4 structure, resulting in excellent piezoelectric properties. This defect‐engineered g‐C3N4 nanosheet can effectively generate ROS in tumor cells and induce tumor cell apoptosis under US stimulation. This work not only introduces a method to enhance the piezoelectric catalytic performance of g‐C3N4 but also expands the potential application of defect‐engineered piezoelectric materials to tumor treatment.
Advances in Photonic Materials and Integrated Devices for Smart and Digital Healthcare: Bridging the Gap Between Materials and Systems
Authors: Ban Seunghyeb , Yi Hoon , Park Jaejin , Huang Yunuo , Yu Ki Jun , Yeo Woon‐Hong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent advances in developing photonic technologies using various materials offer enhanced biosensing, therapeutic intervention, and non‐invasive imaging in healthcare. Here, this article summarizes significant technological advancements in materials, photonic devices, and bio‐interfaced systems, which demonstrate successful applications for impacting human healthcare via improved therapies, advanced diagnostics, and on‐skin health monitoring. The details of required materials, necessary properties, and device configurations are described for next‐generation healthcare systems, followed by an explanation of the working principles of light‐based therapeutics and diagnostics. Next, this paper shares the recent examples of integrated photonic systems focusing on translation and immediate applications for clinical studies. In addition, the limitations of existing materials and devices and future directions for smart photonic systems are discussed. Collectively, this review article summarizes the recent focus and trends of technological advancements in developing new nanomaterials, light delivery methods, system designs, mechanical structures, material functionalization, and integrated photonic systems to advance human healthcare and digital healthcare.
Manipulating Aggregation Kinetics toward Efficient All‐Printed Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Junzhen , Wang Jianqiu , Qiao Jiawei , Chen Zhihao , Hao Xiaotao , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐printed organic solar cells (OSCs) remain inferior to those of spin‐coated devices, primarily due to morphological variations within the bulk heterojunction processed via diverse coating/printing techniques. Herein, cyclohexyl is introduced as outer side chains to formulate a non‐fullerene acceptor, BTP‐Cy, aimed at modulating the molecular aggregation in solution and subsequent film formation kinetics during printing. Investigations demonstrate that BTP‐Cy molecule with cyclohexyl side chains exhibits enhanced intermolecular π‐π stacking, optimal solution aggregation size, and favorable phase separation. Consequently, PB3:FTCC‐Br:BTP‐Cy‐based OSCs achieve remarkable PCEs of 20.2% and 19.5% via spin‐coating and blade‐coating, respectively. Furthermore, a 23.6 cm2 module exhibits a remarkable efficiency of 16.7%. This study offers a fresh perspective on tailoring the film formation kinetics of photoactive materials during printing through molecular design, paving a novel path to enhance the efficiency of all‐printed OSCs.