bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Filtration Does Not Affect Lymphocyte Subpopulations and NK Cell Function in Recipients of Blood Transfusions
Authors: Mathiesen O. , Lund L. , Brodthagen U. , Gandrup P. , Grunnet N. , Balslev I. , Jersild C. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: The possible immunosuppressive action of blood transfusion has aroused great interest recently, particularly with respect to its effects on tumor growth and recurrence rate of malignant disease. Materials and methods: The effect of blood transfusion on lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell function preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively was studied in 129 patients treated with elective surgery for colorectal malignancy. Forty‐two patients (33%) received blood transfusions, 21 of them randomly allocated to receive leukocyte‐depleted blood products. Investigation was by means of conventional laboratory methods. Results: In 21 patients receiving a median of 3 units of non‐leukocyte‐depleted blood products (NLD), a significant reduction in CD4+ lymphocytes (44% vs. 40%, p < 0.01) occurred. In contrast, no significant changes in CD4+ lymphocytes were observed in the 21 patients transfused with leukocyte‐depleted blood products (LD). However, with respect to lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell function, differences between the NLD and LD groups were not significant. There was a marginal decrease in HLA‐DR+ lymphocytes in the NLD patients without a history of previous transfusion. Conclusions: There seems to be no major change in lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell function 6 months after blood transfusion. Thus we cannot confirm our previous findings of a reduced number of CD20+ cells after blood transfusion.
Evaluation of the Microcolumn Technology for Pretransfusion Testing in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Fabijańska‐Mitek J. , Żupańska B. , Pogłód R. , Gorajek M. , Łopieńska H. , Kraj M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objective: Microcolumn tests are useful for serological investigations, although because of their high sensitivity, false‐positive results might be expected, e.g. in hypergammaglobulinemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate these tests in multiple myeloma. Methods: Pretransfusion testing was done in 80 patients with multiple myeloma using microcolumn and traditional tube tests. Results: All sera were negative in microcolumn indirect antiglobulin test and enzyme test, positive in 58% of samples in the enzyme tube test. The microcolumn direct antiglobulin test was positive in about 40% of samples but never in the tube direct antiglobulin test. This was not due to the presence of autoantibodies but to nonspecific binding of immunoglobulins related to their concentration in sera. Conclusion: Microcolumn tests appeared to be useful for pretransfusion testing in multiple myeloma in spite of positive autocontrols.
Photometric Evaluation of the Solid‐Phase Antiglobulin Test Using Length Measurement of the Absorption Curve
Authors: Spindler J.H. , Kerowgan M. , Eichler H. , Goldmann S. F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: The very sensitive solid‐phase antiglobulin test is used widely in blood group serology. However, a disadvantage of the test is the sedimentation variability of indicator cells during centrifugation, which causes errors in the photometric evaluation. Materials and methods: To solve this problem a technique was developed which depends on the ‘length measurement of the absorption curve’ of the sedimented indicator cells. Results: 9,075 sera were tested for the presence of alloantibodies on the basis of the visual type of measurement and the newly developed technique. The agreement between the two evaluation systems was 99.94%. No false‐negative results were observed. Conclusion: The new method allows the complete automation of the solid‐phase antiglobulin test, enabling the analysis and evaluation of the solid‐phase microtiter plate assay to be more discriminating and safe.
Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Screened Chinese Blood Donors
Authors: Ren Fu‐Rong , Wang Yu , Li Hui , Chen Hong‐Song , Zhao Hai‐Yan 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the recently identified hepatitis G virus (HGV)/GBV‐C in screened Chinese paid blood donors. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seventy‐nine plasma samples were tested for HGV RNA by RT‐PCR with nested primers from the 5'‐noncoding region of GBV‐C. All samples were obtained from plasma or blood bags that had been screened twice by routine selection tests (ALT, HBsAg, Anti‐HCV, anti‐HIV, and syphilis) and were available for clinical use. Results: HGV RNA was detected in 2 (4%) of 50 paid plasma donors from the Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, 1 (2%) of 50 paid blood donors from Taiyuan, and 9 (5%) of 179 paid blood donors from Hebei, a total HGV detection rate of 4.3% (12/279). Conclusions: Our data suggest that HGV infection is relatively frequent even in screened donors, at least in paid screened donors, although larger‐scale studies are required.
Benefit of Dynamic over Static Incubation in the Detection of a Low‐Level HBsAg (Chronic Carrier) Bone Donor
Authors: Raafat A. , Yates P. , Sellers F. , Munro H. , Dow B. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background: Hepatitis B infection can be transmitted by organ or tissue transplantation. Case Report: A 40‐year‐old man received a bone graft from a donor who tested negative for HbsAg with a static‐mode assay. The same donor, on a subsequent donation, was found to be HbsAg‐positive with a dynamic mode assay. The archival sample from the initial donation also tested HbsAg‐positive with the dynamic‐mode assay. The recipient of the bone, who had received HBV vaccine in the past, did not develop clinical or laboratory evidence of HBV infection. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of sensitive microbiological test protocols in the context of tissue banking.
Historical Note: Past, Present and Future of the Antiglobulin Test
Authors: Coombs Robin R. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis is a review of two invited talks on the antiglobulin reaction on the occasion of the 50th Anniversaries of the International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, now at Bristol, and the National Blood Service, London, and coincidentally the 51st anniversary of the antiglobulin test! The first talk (as specially requested) is a very personal reminiscence of the discovery, with Rob Race and Arthur Mourant, of the antiglobulin test in blood group serology. The second talk traces developments in antiglobulin testing in general immunology using, of course, isotype‐specific antiglobulin reagents as and when they became available. Special emphasis was given to: (1) testing for poorly agglutinating bacterial antibodies; (2) special procedures for measuring reaginic (IgE) antibodies to various allergens; (3) the incorporation of an antiglobulin step or stage in many of the routine automated immunoassay procedures; (4) the special experimental procedures in the form of mixed antiglobulin reactions to reveal antibodies to the surface antigens on tissue cells, and, finally, (5) by chemically coupling antiglobulin to red blood cells, a distinctive integrated immunoassay system was developed, enabling reverse passive haemagglutination as an assay for immunoglobulins, rosetting reactions to reveal native IgG receptors on lymphocytes or antibody immunoglobulin reacting with CD marker antigens; this same reagent, namely red‐cell‐labelled antiglobulin, can be used to detect antibodies reacting with either bacteria or antigens adsorbed on the walls of wells of microtitre plates. The need for improved stabilization and preservation of the antiglobulin‐linked red cells to prolong their ‘shelf‐life’ is stressed.
Mixed‐Type Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia following Fludarabine Treatment in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Vick Dan J. , Byrd John C. , Beal Connie L. , Chaffin Donald J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Mixed‐type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare complication of chronic lympocytic leukemia (CLL). We report a patient with small lymphocytic lymphoma (phenotypic CLL) who developed symptomatic anemia 3 weeks after her fifth cycle of fludarabine, a T cell immunosuppressant. Materials and methods: An antibody screen and panel, direct antiglobulin test, rapid acid eluate, rabbit erythrocyte stroma (RESt) adsorption, and autoadsorption were performed. Results: Warm and cold autoantibodies were detected. Prompt treatment with corticosteroids and minimal blood transfusions led to marked improvement. Conslusion: Normally, T cells suppress polyclonal lymphocytes that produce autoantibodies. Suppression of T cells in this patient, in addition to the underlying disease process, may explain this mixed‐type AIHA, the first reported case to occur following fludarabine treatment.
High Prevalence of Parvovirus B19 lgG Antibodies among Dutch Hemophilia Patients
Authors: Mauser‐Bunschoten E.P. , Zaaijer H. L. , van Drimmelen A. A. J. , de Vries S. , Roosendaal G. , van den Berg H. M. , Lelie P. N. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Human parvovirus B19 is a potential risk to hemophiliac patients receiving blood products. Materials and Methods: To determine the prevalence of the corresponding antibody in patients with hemophilia A or B or von Willebrand's disease, we tested 326 hemophilia patients for anti‐B19 lgG. The results were compared with those of 203 age‐matched controls (male blood donors and children). Results: The overall prevalence of B19 lgG in the hemophilia patients was 302/326, and in the controls 123/203. Below the age of 10, hemophilia patients had a higher prevalence of B19 lgG (76%, 42/55) than the controls (23%, 11/48; p<0.00001). In those below the age of 5 who had been treated exclusively with monoclonally purified concentrate, it made no difference whether the product was pasteurized or solvent‐detergent treated. There was a significantly lower incidence in patients who were rarely treated. Conclusion: Parvovirus B19 is frequently transmitted in blood products. Existing virus‐inactivating methods do not prevent transmission.
DNA Analysis of Duffy Genes in American Blacks
Authors: Moulds J.M. , Hayes S. , Wells T.D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background: Because limited studies have shown that the Duffy genotype is not accurately reflected by the erythrocyte phenotype, we used PCR‐RFLP to determine the true FY1 and FY2 gene frequencies in blacks. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 81 randomly selected black individuals, amplified using PCR, digested with BanI and electrophoresed in 1.8% gels. Direct DNA sequencing of the FY regulatory region was done on a sample which had weak Fyb antigens. Standard serological techniques were used to type the erythrocytes for Fya and Fyb. Results: The most common genotype (83%) in blacks was Fy(a−b+) but almost all of the samples serologically typed as Fy(a−b−). The new gene frequencies are 0.08 for FY1 and 0.92 for FY2. Two donors whose erythrocytes typed weakly positive for Fyb and appeared to be Fyx were homozygous for FY2 by DNA testing. DNA sequencing of the regulatory region for Duffy found a mutation in an Sp1 binding site in the Fyx donor. Conclusions: We conclude that (1) the FY2 gene occurs in a much higher frequency in blacks than previously reported which may explain the lack of anti‐Fyb in this ethnic group and (2) Fyx appears to be a the product of a mutant FY2 gene giving a quantitative variation in expression.
Effects of Blood Donation on the Physical Fitness and Hemorheology of Healthy Elderly Donors
Authors: Janetzko Karin , Böcher Regina , Klotz Karl F. , Kirchner Holger , Klüter Harald 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background: International regulations for blood donation recommend a maximum donor age of 65 years. As the average population age is steadily rising in western societies, a considerable group of volunteers is lost to the donor base. Study Design and Methods: In a prospective study we investigated the effect of a 450‐ml whole blood donation on the physical fitness and hemorheology of regular elderly allogeneic blood donors (n = 24, aged 63–69 years, mean = 65). Results were compared with a younger group of regular donors (n = 23, aged 55–62 years, mean = 58) and a group of elderly subjects (n = 7, aged 63–66 years, mean = 65), who did not donate blood for this study. Assessing the physical fitness, we determined the submaximal physical working capacity at a heart rate of 130 min−1 (PWC 130) and the maximal working capacity (MWC) by treadmill exercise testing the day before (day −1) and after donation (day + 1). The impact of the blood loss on hemorheology was examined by analyzing the plasma viscosity before, during and after donation. Results: We found an increase of mean values of PWC 130 and MWC on day +1 in all study groups, but increases were only significant in the younger group (PWC 130 p = 0.03; MWC p = 0.04). Values did not differ significantly between the three groups. Plasma viscosity decreased significantly directly after donation in both groups of donors. Conclusion: A single blood donation did not alter the physical fitness of otherwise healthy elderly people. The older blood donors and the younger controls showed a similar compensation mechanism to blood loss. We found no general reason for disqualifying blood donors aged 65 years from donating.
Impact of Storage at 22°C and Citrate Anticoagulation on the Cytokine Secretion of Mononuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Müller‐Steinhardt Michael , Kirchner Holger , Klüter Harald 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cytokines accumulating in platelet concentrates (PC) during storage have been implicated in causing non‐hemolytic transfusion reactions, in particular after prolonged PC storage. We investigated the impact of major storage parameters, such as storage time, anticoagulation and temperature, on the capability of PBMC to secrete cytokines. Materials and Methods: In a first study, PBMC from whole blood donations (n = 16) were exposed to standard PC storage conditions: 22°C, citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) anticoagulation. Secretion of the cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐6 and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) on mitogenic stimulation was measured directly after blood donation and after 1, 3 and 5 days of storage. In a second study, paired whole blood samples (n = 24) were investigated for the mitogenic induction of IL‐2, IL‐6, IFN‐γ and IFN‐α. Cytokine values were compared with respect to incubation temperature (22 vs. 37°C) and anticoagulant (CPD vs. lithium‐heparin). Results: PBMC stored at 22°C with CPD anticoagulation showed an altered cytokine secretion pattern in comparison to freshly donated cells. After storage for 3 days, IL‐2 release was decreased (p < 0.05) and after 5 days secretion of all cytokines was significantly decreased, though still detectable (p < 0.01). In the second study, CPD anticoagulation resulted in a significantly impaired cytokine secretion compared with lithium‐heparin. Cytokine secretion at 22°C were significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared with 37°C for both anticoagulants. Conclusion: Storage of PBMC at 22°C with CPD leads to an impaired cytokine response, but PBMC are still capable of secreting cytokines after 5 days of storage. PBMC remain a potential source of cytokines even after 5 days of storage in CPD at 22°C.
Lactated Ringer's Solution versus Hydroxyethyl Starch for Volume Replacement in Autologous Blood Donors with Cardiovascular Disease: A Controlled, Randomized Trial
Authors: Kasper Stefan‐Mario , Dahlmann Heinz , Mellinghoff Hermann , Ellering Jürgen , Baumann Marc , Buzello Walter 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate whether volume replacement following blood donation can prevent arterial hypotension in autologous blood donors with cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: One hundred nineteen autologous blood donors with known cardiovascular disease were randomly allocated to receive, following withdrawal of 500 ml of blood, either no infusion (control group) or a 25 ml/min intravenous infusion of either 1,500 ml of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or 500 ml of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES). Starting before phlebotomy, arterial blood pressure was measured oscillometrically every 5 min until 90 min after donation. Results: Group means showed little difference between the groups in blood pressure throughout the monitoring period. The proportion of patients who at least once had a ≥20% decrease from baseline in systolic blood pressure was 3–5 times greater in the control group than in the LRS and the HES group (50 vs. 10 and 15%, respectively; p < 0.001 on χ2 analysis for a 2 × 3 table). Systolic hypertensive episodes (≥ 20% increase over baseline) were observed more frequently in the LRS group than in the control and the HES group (41 vs. 10 and 18%, respectively; p=0.003). Conclusion: Both LRS and HES, administered at a volume ratio to blood loss of 3:1 and 1:1, respectively, significantly reduced the incidence of systolic hypotensive episodes in autologous blood donors with cardiovascular disease. LRS at a 3:1 volume ratio to blood loss was associated with a high rate of systolic hypertension.
Decrease in the Concentration of Vitamin E in Blood and Tissues Caused by Di(2‐Ethylhexyl) Phthalate, a Commonly Used Plasticizer in Blood Storage Bags and Medical Tubing
Authors: Manojkumar V. , Nair K.G. Padmakumaran , Santhosh A. , Deepadevi K.V. , Arun P. , Lakshmi L.R. , Kurup P.A. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Significant amounts of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthlate (DEHP) leach into blood stored in DEHP‐plasticized PVC bags. The aim of this study was to find out whether DEHP at these low levels has any effect on the concentration of vitimin E, an antioxidant which affords protection against free radical damage. Materials and Methods: DEHP was administered in low doses (150–750μg/100g body weight) to rats intraperitoneally and the concentration of vitamin E in the liver and testes was measured. Concentration of vitamin E was also measured in blood stored in glass bottles in the presence and absence of DEHP and in blood stored in DEHP‐plasticized PVC bags. Results: A decrease in the concentration of vitamin E was observed in all cases. Administration of vitamin E to rats and incorporation of vitamin E in the additive solution in the case of blood prevented this decrease. Conclusion: DEHP even at very low doses caused a decrease in the concentration of vitamin E in liver and tests of rats given this substance. Blood stored in DEHP‐plasticized bags also showed a decrease in the concentration of vitamin E.
Rapid Detection of Genetic Mutations Associated with Haemochromatosis
Authors: Guttridge M. G. , Thompson J. , Worwood M. , Darke C. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish a rapid method suitable for large‐scale population screening, including blood donors, for the detection of two genetic mutations at codons 63 and 282 on the HFE gene that are associated with haemochromatosis. Materials and Methods: A method using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP) was designed and tested using a panel of 185 individuals previously typed for HFE mutations by PCR‐RFLP. Results: The PCR‐SSP method detected the two mutations showing complete agreement with the genotypes obtained by PCR‐RFLP. Three HFE alleles, termed HFE‐1, ‐2, and ‐3, were identified. Conclusions: This PCR‐SSP method allows efficient HFE genotyping for large numbers of individuals.
Detection of HIV‐1 Infection in Dried Blood Spots from a 12‐Year‐Old ABO Bedside Test Card
Authors: Strobel E. , Emminger Ch. , Mayer G. , Eberle J. , Gürtler L. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: We tested dried blood from an ABO bedside test card which had been stored at room temperature for 12 years, to prove that a patient with HIV‐1 infection had been infected by blood transfusion. Materials and Methods: Immunoblots for HIV‐1 antibodies and threefold PCRs with halfnested primers for the HIV‐1 integrase gene were done with eluates from the dried blood spots. Results: HIV‐1 antibodies and HIV‐1 DNA could be detected in the sample from one unit of blood, but not from the two other units or from the recipient before transfusion. Conclusion: Further studies should be done on the validity of stored dried blood as an alternative to the storage of frozen donor serum for several years for ‘look‐back’ studies.
Screening of Blood Donors for Human Parvovirus B19 and Characterization of the Results
Authors: Wakamatsu C. , Takakura F. , Kojima E. , Kiriyama Y. , Goto N. , Matsumoto K. , Oyama M. , Sato H. , Okochi K. , Maeda Y. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Human parvovirus B19 (B19 virus) can be transmitted through blood transfusion and plasma‐derived products. In a previous report, we utilized the simple hemagglutination method based on the interaction between the B19 virus and P antigen on human erythrocytes in order to screen the blood donors. We called this method receptor‐mediated hemagglutination (RHA) [Lancet 1995;346:1237–1238]. In this paper, we report on a large‐scale screening of the B19 virus by RHA and discuss the results. Materials and Methods: Donor sera from September 1995 to March 1997 and seroconversion panels were enrolled. Donor sera were examined by RHA for large‐scale screening. The positive sera in the first screening were then further investigated by the RHA inhibition test, countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also evaluated the infectivity and neutralizing activity of various kinds of sera by the erythroid colony forming unit (CFU‐e) assay. To examine the detection limits of the B19 virus by RHA, B19‐viremic sera were purified by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Results: Among 257,710 sera specimens, 293 sera (0.11%) gave a positive reaction in the first screening using RHA. Out of these 293 sera specimens, 31 were positive for PCR, of which 28 were also RHA inhibition‐positive, and 25 of the 28 CIE‐positive. In the CFU‐e injury assay, all the RHA inhibition (+) sera showed a decrease in the number of erythroid colonies. The RHA inhibition (‐) PCR (+) B19 antibody (+) sera did not affect the erythroid colony formation and protected CFU‐e from injury by the B19 virus. By measuring the amount of purified B19 protein and its RHA titer, the detection limit of the B19 virus by RHA was calculated to the 0.37±0.03 ng/ml. Conclusion: These results suggest that the RHA (+) RHA inhibition (+) sera were infectious in vitro. The combination of RHA and the RHA inhibition test is considered to be useful for the large‐scale screening of infectious B19 virus in blood donors with high specificity.
Liquid‐Stored Red Blood Cells for Transfusion
Authors: Högman Claes F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBlood transfusion in a modern sense means the transfusion of red cells, when necessary supplemented by other components. The demand for plasma and plasma fractions and for platelets for therapeutic use has had an influence on the technique for preparing red cells. Automated devices have made it possible to perform collection as well as separation under more standardized conditions. Improved techniques for storage of red cells have prolonged the shelf life somewhat but most of the available methods disregard the rapid loss of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and the accompanying increase in oxygen affinity. Methods are available which reduce the number of contaminating leukocytes to low levels, but information is still incomplete as to the degree of depletion actually needed.