bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in intersecting D‐brane models
Authors: Blumenhagen R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aim of this article is to review some recent progress in the field of intersecting D‐brane models. This includes the construction of chiral, semi‐realistic flux compactifications, the systematic study of Gepner model orientifolds, the computation of various terms in the low energy effective action and the investigation of the statistics of solutions to the tadpole cancellation conditions.
Noncommutative sine‐Gordon model
Authors: Lechtenfeld O. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAs I briefly review, the sine‐Gordon model may be obtained by dimensional and algebraic reduction from 2+2 dimensional self‐dual U(2) Yang‐Mills through a 2+1 dimensional integrable U(2) sigma model. I argue that the noncommutative (Moyal) deformation of this procedure should relax the algebraic reduction from U(2) → U(1) to U(2) → U(1) × U(1). The result are novel noncommutative sine‐Gordon equations for a pair of scalar fields. The dressing method is outlined for constructing its multi‐soliton solutions. Finally, I look at tree‐level amplitudes to demonstrate that this model possesses a factorizable and causal S‐matrix in spite of its time‐space noncommutativity.
(Semi)classical analysis of sine‐Gordon model on a strip
Authors: Bajnok Z. , Palla L. , Takács G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractClassical sine‐Gordon theory on a strip with integrable boundary conditions is considered. The static (ground state) solutions, their existence and stability under small perturbations are analyzed. The classical analogue of Bethe‐Yang quantization conditions for the (linearized) first breather is derived, and the dynamics of the ground states is investigated as a function of the volume.
Superfield theory and supermatrix model
Authors: Park J.‐H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe show that any superfield theory can be reformulated as a supermatrix model. The claim is based on a formal argument, turning on a non‐commutativity on the superspace and taking a fine tuned commutative limit. Once the non‐commutativity is introduced on the superspace, superfield theories can be formulated in two equivalent ways, through the star product formalism and in terms of the supermatrices. We elaborate the duality between them by constructing the isomorphism explicitly and relating the super space integral of the star product Lagrangian to the supertrace of the supermatrix model Lagrangian. We show there exists an interesting fine tuned commutative limit where the duality can be still maintained. More detailed analysis can be found in [1].
Renormalisation of scalar quantum field theory on noncommutative ℝ4
Authors: Grosse H. , Wulkenhaar R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe give the main ideas our proof that the noncommutative ϕ4‐model is renormalisable to all orders. Compared with the commutative case, the bare action of relevant and marginal couplings contains necessarily an additional term: an harmonic oscillator potential in the free field action which solves the UV/IR‐mixing problem.
A note on four‐point functions in logarithmic conformal field theory
Authors: Flohr M. , Krohn M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe generic structure of 4‐point functions of fields residing in indecomposable representations of arbitrary rank is given. The presented algorithm is illustrated with some non‐trivial examples and permutation symmetries are exploited to reduce the number of free structure‐functions, which cannot be fixed by global conformal invariance alone.
AdS/CFT duality and the Higgs branch of 𝒩 = 2 SYM
Authors: Guralnik Z. , Kovacs S. , Kulik B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe construct the AdS description of the Higgs branch of the finite 𝒩 = 2 Sp(N) gauge theory with one antisymmetric hypermultiplet and four fundamental hypermultiplets. Holography, combined with the non‐renormalization of the metric on the Higgs branch, leads to novel constraints on unknown terms in the non‐abelian Dirac‐Born‐Infeld action. These terms include non‐minimal couplings of D‐branes to bulk supergravity fields.
New phases of thermal SYM and LST from Kaluza‐Klein black holes
Authors: Harmark T. , Obers N.A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe review the recently found map that takes any static and neutral Kaluza‐Klein black hole, i.e. any static and neutral black hole on Minkowski‐space times a circle ℳ︁d × S1, and maps it to a corresponding solution for a non‐ and near‐extremal brane on a circle. This gives a precise connection between phases of Kaluza‐Klein black holes and the thermodynamic behavior of the non‐gravitational theories dual to near‐extremal branes on a circle. In particular, for the thermodynamics of strongly‐coupled supersymmetric Yang‐Mills theories on a circle we predict the existence of a new non‐uniform phase and find new information about the localized phase. We also find evidence for the existence of a new stable phase of (2,0) Little String Theory in the canonical ensemble for temperatures above its Hagedorn temperature.
Splitting strings and chains
Authors: Peeters K. , Plefka J. , Zamaklar M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe review a study of the semiclassical decay of macroscopic spinning strings in AdS5 × S5 as well as its dual gauge theory description. The conservation of the infinite tower of commuting charges in the semiclassical string σ‐model description of the process suggests that the decay channel of maximal probability should preserve integrability in the gauge theory.
Intermittent cortical stimulation evokes sensitization to cocaine and enduring changes in matrix and striosome neuron responsiveness
Authors: Canales Juan J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBoth the behavioral sensitization syndrome and the changes in the responsiveness of striatal neurons evoked by chronic cocaine exposure may be linked to enhanced neocortical activity, yet a direct demonstration of the effects of cortical stimulation on these parameters is lacking. We have found that repeated stimulation of the rat prelimbic cortex with picrotoxin (0.25 μg/0.25 μl, five injections on alternate days followed by 7‐day withdrawal) contributed to increase c‐Fos protein expression in the striosomes of the dorsolateral striatum, while producing the opposite effect in the matrix compartment, after a single exposure to cocaine (25 mg/kg). Moreover, rats exposed to cortical stimulation showed decreased locomotor activation but enhanced stereotypy following acute cocaine treatment. Thus, pulsatile stimulation of the prelimbic cortex facilitated modifications in striatal activity typically produced by chronic cocaine treatment and sensitized drug‐naïve animals to acute cocaine challenge. These results suggest that enhanced activation of the prelimbic cortex may contribute to the long‐term adaptations induced by cocaine on neural activity and behavior. Synapse 57:56–60, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and distribution of kinin B1 receptor in the rat brain and alterations induced by diabetes in the model of streptozotocin
Authors: Campos Maria Martha , Ongali Brice , De Souza Buck Hudson , Schanstra Joost‐Peter , Girolami Jean‐Pierre , Chabot Jean‐Guy , Couture Réjean 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA role for kinin B1 receptors was suggested in the spinal cord and peripheral organs of streptozotocin (STZ)‐diabetic rats. The present study aims at determining whether B1 receptors are also induced and over‐expressed in the brain of STZ‐rats at 2, 7, and 21 days post‐treatment. This was addressed by in situ hybridization using the [35S]‐UTPαS‐labeled riboprobe and by in vitro autoradiography with the radioligand [125I]‐HPP‐des‐Arg10‐Hoe 140. In control rats, B1 receptor mRNA was found widely distributed in many brain regions. Low mRNA levels were found in thalamus and hypothalamus (7–12 nCi/g) while high mRNA signals were detected in cortical regions and hippocampus (18–29 nCi/g). In diabetic rats, B1 receptor mRNA was markedly increased in hippocampus, temporal/parietal cortices and amygdala at 2 and 7 days (+88 to +150%). Low densities of B1 receptor binding sites were detected in all analyzed regions in control rats (0.18–0.37 fmol/mg tissue). In diabetic rats, B1 receptor binding sites were significantly increased in hippocampus, amygdala, temporal/parietal, and perhinal/piriform cortices (+ 55 to + 165 %) at 7 days only. Results highlight an early but transient and reversible up‐regulation of B1 receptors in specific brain regions of STZ‐diabetic rats. This may offer the advantage of reducing putative central side effects with B1 receptor antagonists if used for the treatment of diabetic complications in the periphery. Synapse 57:29–37, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy of malignant disease with BCG and nonviable mycobacterial fractions
Authors: Schwarz Max A. , Gutterman Jordan U. , Hersh Evan M. , Richman Stephen P. , Mavligit Giora M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe administration of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) has been associated with restoration of general immunocompetence, augmentation of specific tumor immunity, activation of local and regional host defense mechanisms, and stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. There is evidence that antigens from a variety of unrelated tumors are shared with, or are similar to, antigens in BCG. However, it is uncertain whether this cross‐reactivity is the basis for the antitumor activity of BCG. Numerous studies emphasize the importance of regional effects of immunotherapy. They suggest a two‐step mechanism for antitumor activity that involves recognition of BCG by host defense mechanisms, followed by activation and mobilization of macrophages by specifically produced lymphokines. The several nonviable derivatives of BCG have activity comparable to BCG without many of the problems associated with viable BCG. An optimal, completely standardized BCG preparation has not yet been produced.Clinical studies on the immunotherapeutic effects of BCG and its derivatives in cancer patients indicate that in cutaneous malignant melanoma, intralesional injection of BCG causes complete regression of tumor in 65–90% of instances, with long‐term remission in patients with purely cutaneous metastatic disease. In patients with disseminated malignant melanoma, studies show prolongation of remission duration and overall survival in patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy (with BCG + imidazole carboxamide) over those receiving chemotherapy alone. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia, one study has found a greater than 90% probability of survival in patients with the microlymphoblastic type undergoing immunotherapy after 5 years, yet other studies fail to show any therapeutic advantage. In most studies in acute myeloblastic leukemia, immunochemotherapy has given both qualitative and quantitative improvements in remission duration and particularly survival. Increased survival, particularly in stage I patients, has been reported in a trial of adjuvant BCG immunotherapy in lung cancer. Other studies on carcinoma of the colon, breast, and the head and neck, soft tissue sarcomas, and genitourinary cancers, utilizing various combinations of BCG and its derivatives, and chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy indicate enhanced remission duration and survival. However, more research is needed to determine the optimum therapy combination in each case, to make refinements in dose, route, and schedule of administration, to improve product characteristics, and to overcome the complications of BCG immunotherapy.
Immunotherapy of cancer with thymosin
Authors: Rossio Jeffrey L. , Goldstein Allan L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBovine thymosin fraction 5, a partially purified thymic extract, has been employed in phase I and phase II clinical studies in immunodeficient cancer patients. Some improvement in cell‐mediated immune functional parameters has been seen, notably an increase in percentages of peripheral blood T lymphocytes as detected by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes. Thymosin‐induced rosette‐forming cell increases demonstrated in vitro prior to the institution of thymosin treatment generally were predictive of those patients who showed the in vivo rise in circulating T cells following thymosin administration. Although some patients exhibited clinical improvement, it is still too early to infer from these open studies whether or not these improvements can be attributed to thymosin treatment. Well‐controlled randomized trials are in progress to objectively examine the clinical efficacy of thymosin fraction 5 therapy in cancer patients.Thymosin fraction 5 contains several thymus‐specific polypeptides which appear to act on lymphoid cells at a number of stages during their differentiation. Several of these individual polypeptides have been isolated, and one has been sequenced (thymosinα1) and found to have immunoenhancing activity. Cancer patients may be viewed in many cases as exhibiting an “acquired” disease‐related or treatment‐related deficiency in cell‐mediated immunity. This may render immunotherapeutic manipulations nonbeneficial and may in fact contribute to tumor progression and/or metastasis. By treating such patients with thymosin fraction 5 or the specific polypeptide(s) within fraction 5 required to allow the appearance of immunocompetent T lymphocytes, these patients may become amenable to immunotherapy, more resistant to infection with opportunistic organisms, and perhaps may develop endogenous antitumor defenses.
Transfer factor: A potential agent for immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Meier C. Richard , LoBuglio Albert F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTransfer factor (TF) is an extract from human leukocytes which has been shown to transfer specific skin test reactivity to previously nonreactive human recipients, and to produce measurable increases in in Vitro tests of lymphocyte activity. The results of the experimental use of TF as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer are reviewed. TF therapy has been associated with tumor regression, temporary stabilization or reduced need for other treatment modalities in several reported cancer patients, and may have value as an adjuvant therapy in certain malignancies. However, most of the reports involve uncontrolled studies, and no agreement exists about the definition of TF donors. Controlled studies and the use of well characterized TF donors are essential before any conclusions can be drawn about the value of TF in the therapy of cancer and other diseases.
A case of fistula of the colon and fatal salmonella sepsis in advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Zer M. , Mintz U. , Kaznelson D. , Dintsman M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA case of rapidly progressing Hodgkin's lymphoma is described in which two uncommon complications were observed. Perforation of the cecum due to lymphomatous invasion occurred with subsequent cecosigmoid fistula and pelvic abscess.Salmonella paratyphi B septicemia, refractory to all treatment, caused death of the patient approximately 2 years after initial diagnosis. The relevant literature is reviewed and the possible role of impaired function of immunological mechanisms due to both the malignancy and its treatment in exposing the patient to “opportunistic” infections is discussed. Although the complications in this patient were treated by further radiation therapy, antibiotics and supportive measures, early surgical intervention is probably the treatment of choice for complications of lymphomatous invasion of the gastrointestinal tract, so as to reduce undue exposure to the dangers of septic complications.
Microvascular free tissue transfers
Authors: Harii Kiyonori 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRecent advances in microvascular surgery enable direct transfers of various types of large composite tissues by means of anastomoses of their small nutrient vessels. Such transferable tissues now include the free skin flap, muscle, bone, omentum, jejunum, and toes, sometimes in combination. The practical technique of microvascular free tissue transfer is described in this paper, and representative clinical cases are presented. A total of 256 microvascular transfers have been performed. These include 222 free skin flaps, some of which were combined with muscle, bone, and nerve. Necrosis (total, partial, and superficial) occurred in 33 free skin flaps with a satisfactory result in 189 (85%).
Neurovascular microsurgery
Authors: Sundt Thoralf M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe results and complications of neurovascular operations in one surgeon's experience during the era of the operating microscope are reviewed in the framework of the pathophysiology of the illness for which they were performed. Overall mortality rate was 5% and morbidity rate 11% in 405 patients with intracranial aneurysms. Morbidity and mortality varied according to preoperative neurological function, location and size of aneurysm, and number of days from last subarachnoid hemorrhage to surgery. Although a delay in operation improved the operative results, there were significant mortality and morbidity among patients awaiting surgery. There were immediate and delayed ischemic complications. In the former group (7% of cases), the cause was clearly attributable to surgical trauma, such as damage to perforating vessels and major vessel occlusion, which was related to size and location of the aneurysm and unrelated to the patient's neurological function or timing of surgery. Delayed ischcmic complications, minor and reversible in 10% of patients, severe in 5%, were related to preoperative neurological function and timing of surgery. These did not occur in any patients operated on for a mass effect from the aneurysm without a subarachnoid hemorrhage.The overall combined major morbidity and mortality for carotid endarterectomy in 681 patients in whom the microscope was not used was 2%, but varied according to medical, neurological, and angiographically determined risk factors. Patients were seldom operated on for lesions that did not produce at least a 70–80% stenosis unless there was angiographie evidence of severe ulccration. All patients were monitored intraoperatively with cerebral blood flow measurements and a continuous electroencephalogram. Retinal artery pressure measurements were performed pre‐operatively and postoperatively. The relationship of these monitoring techniques to the pathophysiology of ischemic symptomatology is reviewed.Preliminary evaluation of 149 extracranial to intracranial bypass procedures for occlusive disease of the carotid system, and of 22 procedures for occlusive disease in the vertebral‐basilar system indicates a patency rate of 95% and 90%, respectively. The effectiveness of these operations was related to the symptomatology for which they were performed. The overall combined morbidity and mortality was 5%, but varied according to preoperative neurological function.There were 59 operations for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) (38 parenchymal, 1 death; 21 durai, 1 death). Low morbidity and mortality rates were achieved in parenchymal AVMs by not operating on large lesions or those with a thalamic component and, therefore, these results must be placed in that perspective. This conservative approach was justified by the current lack of information concerning the natural history of this illness. In contrast, virtually all durai AVMs were eventually operated on because of the progressive nature of this acquired illness.
Microscopic surgery in urology
Authors: Gil‐Vernet José M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAlthough the use of microscopic surgery in the field of urology is recent and experience is limited, it is already playing an important role in operations on the genitourinary tract. During the past 10 years, we have used microsurgical techniques in 1,102 operations. This report presents a review of our experience. Extracorporeal microsurgery, or bench surgery, has been used for correcting disorders of the intrarenal excretory tract, for removing kidney tumors, for preserving the traumatized kidney, and for transplantation of kidneys with vascular irregularities. Microsurgical techniques have been very helpful in various operations on the urinary tract, including ureterotomy, pyeloureteral anastomosis, ureteroureteral anastomosis, and reestablishing urinary continuity of transplanted kidneys. Microscopic surgery has made substantial contributions to advances in treatment of disorders of the genital apparatus, such as infertility, chordee, plastic induration of the cavernous bodies, impotence, and ectopic testes.
Mechanism of action of “intracellular” renal preservation solutions
Authors: Green Colin J. , Pegg David E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBrief perfusion with Collins' C4 solution is commonly employed for hypothermic storage of kidneys for short periods, but the mechanism of action has never been satisfactorily explained. In the studies described in this report, an attempt was made to discover the essential ingredients so that a more reproducible solution could be formulated. Rabbit kidneys were excised, infused with a number of test solutions, stored at 4°C, and then autografted into recipients in which a contralateral nephrectomy had been performed. Starting with a buffered balanced salt solution, it was found that increasing the osmolality with glucose produced a dramatic improvement in function, while replacing half of the chloride by sulfate produced a further small improvement. The other changes were either deleterious (increasing potassium or magnesium concentration) or had no effect (reducing ionic strength). It is concluded that the benefit conferred by these solutions during storage is unrelated to intracellular ionic composition but is due to the inclusion of impermeant solutes to raise total osmolality.
Choice of the most suitable oxygenator for long‐term pulmonary support
Authors: Birnbaum D. , Thom R. , Bücherl E. S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFive different membrane oxygenators were tested in dogs for reliability, efficiency, and side effects. The Teflo‐Lung® was found to have the most effective gas exchange per membrane unit and acceptable reliability. Experience in clinical long‐term oxygenation, however, revealed passage of plasma fractions through the membrane. This caused increasing deterioration of the gas exchange and necessitated frequent replacement of the oxygenator. The Spiral‐Coil® oxygenator showed an effective oxygen exchange rate and good reliability, but like all silicone membranes, had limited CO2 exchange capacity. Only the Dua‐Lung® resulted in deterioration of the red blood cells. The Landé Oxygenator® needed pretreatment to rinse the sodium‐powdered membranes that impeded handling and entailed possible risks. Plasma hemoglobin was not studied because another parameter was introduced to measure subhemolytic trauma.
Studies on the structure and biological effects of pyrotoxins purified from burned skin
Authors: Schmidt Karlheinz , Schölmerich Jürgen , Kremer Bernd , Heller Wolfgang , Koslowski Leo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMurine skin was thermally injured under controlled conditions in a standard high temperature burn model. After high‐speed homogenization of the burned skin, a toxic fraction was isolated applying different purification procedures. It was demonstrated that high temperature burns produced chemical condensations and high molecular aggregates in the protein moiety of the skin. Plasma proteins were involved in these reactions. After the purification process, the high molecular aggregates were obtained not as pure proteins, but as lipid‐protein micelles. In the lipid moiety itself, thermal decomposition products were detectable. The biological effects of the purified lipid‐protein fraction were studied by aid of rat liver perfusions 5 days after intraperitoneal injection of the material measuring different biosynthetic activities of the isolated organ. Significantly reduced biosynthesis of urea and depressed gluconeogenesis were demonstrable. The biochemical results are paralleled by ultrastructural findings indicating that the lipid‐protein complex from burned skin causes mitochondrial vacuolization in liver cells of treated animals.