bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gypenoside XIII regulates lipid metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes and ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Cheng Shu‐Chen , Liou Chian‐Jiun , Wu Ya‐Xuan , Yeh Kuo‐Wei , Chen Li‐Chen , Huang Wen‐Chung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGypenoside XIII is isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. In mice, G. pentaphyllum extract and gypenoside LXXV have been shown to improve non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study investigated whether gypenoside XIII can regulate lipid accumulation in fatty liver cells or attenuate NASH in mice. We used HepG2 hepatocytes to establish a fatty liver cell model using 0.5 mM oleic acid. Fatty liver cells were treated with different concentrations of gypenoside XIII to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism. In addition, a methionine/choline‐deficient diet induced NASH in C57BL/6 mice, which were given 10 mg/kg gypenoside XIII by intraperitoneal injection. In fatty liver cells, gypenoside XIII effectively suppressed lipid accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, gypenoside XIII significantly increased SIRT1 and AMPK phosphorylation to decrease acetyl‐CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, reducing fatty acid synthesis activity. Gypenoside XIII also decreased lipogenesis by suppressing sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase production. Gypenoside XIII also increased lipolysis and fatty acid β‐oxidation by promoting adipose triglyceride lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, respectively. In an animal model of NASH, gypenoside XIII effectively decreased the lipid vacuole size and number and reduced liver fibrosis and inflammation. These findings suggest that gypenoside XIII can regulate lipid metabolism in fatty liver cells and improve liver fibrosis in NASH mice. Therefore, gypenoside XIII has potential as a novel agent for the treatment of NASH.
Large variation in postoperative rehabilitation protocols following operative treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis on >200 studies
Authors: Buck Tristan M. F. , Dahmen Jari , Tak Igor J. R. , Rikken Quinten G. H. , Otten Roald , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeA treatment‐specific rehabilitation protocol and well‐defined return‐to‐play criteria guide clinical decision‐making on return to normal function, activity, sports and performance after surgical treatment for osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT). The optimal rehabilitation protocols in the current literature remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the existing literature on rehabilitation protocols from the early postoperative phase to return to sport onwards after different types of surgical treatment of OLTs.MethodsPubMed, Embase, CDSR, DARE and Central were searched systematically from inception to February 2023 according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All clinical studies with a description of postoperative rehabilitation criteria after surgical treatment of OLTs were included. The primary outcome of this study is the extent of reportage for each rehabilitation parameter expressed in percentage. The secondary outcome is the reported median time for each parameter in rehabilitation protocols for all different treatment modalities (type of surgery). The median time, expressed as number of weeks, for each parameter was compared between different types of surgery.ResultsA total of 227 articles were included reporting on 255 different rehabilitation protocols from seven different types of surgery. Weight‐bearing instructions were reported in 84%–100% and the use of a cast or walker was prescribed in 27%–100%. Range of motion exercises were described in 54%–100% whereas physical therapy was advised in 21%–67% of the protocols. Any advice on return to sport was described in 0%–67% protocols. A nonparametric analysis of variance showed significant differences between the different surgical treatment modalities for the following parameters between the treatment groups: time to full weight‐bearing (p < 0.0003) and return to high impact level of sports (p < 0.0003). Subjective or objective criteria for progression during rehabilitation were reported in only 24% of the studies.ConclusionAn in‐depth exploration of the current literature showed substantial variation in postoperative rehabilitation guidelines with an associated underreporting of the most important rehabilitation parameters in postoperative protocols after surgical treatment of OLTs. Furthermore, nearly all rehabilitation protocols were constructed according to a time‐based approach. Only one out of four reported either objective or subjective criteria.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, systematic review.
Previous cartilage surgery is associated with inferior patient‐reported outcomes after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Birkenes Thomas , Furnes Ove , Lygre Stein Håkon Låstad , Solheim Eirik , Årøen Asbjørn , Knutsen Gunnar , Drogset Jon Olav , Heir Stig , Engebretsen Lars , Løken Sverre , Visnes Håvard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe hypothesis of the present study assumed that a history of focal cartilage lesions would not affect Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome scores (KOOSs) following knee arthroplasty compared to a matched national cohort of knee arthroplasty patients.MethodsFifty‐eight knee arthroplasty patients with previous surgery for focal cartilage lesions (cartilage cohort) were compared to a matched cohort of 116 knee arthroplasty patients from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (control group). Age, sex, primary or revision arthroplasty, type of arthroplasty (total, unicondylar or patellofemoral), year of arthroplasty surgery and arthroplasty brand were used as matching criteria. Demographic data and KOOS were obtained through questionnaires. Regression models were employed to adjust for confounding factors.ResultsMean follow‐up post knee arthroplasty surgery was 7.6 years (range 1.2–20.3) in the cartilage cohort and 8.1 (range 1.0–20.9) in the control group. The responding patients were at the time of surgery 54.3 versus 59.0 years in the cartilage and control group, respectively. At follow‐up the control group demonstrated higher adjusted Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome subscores than the previous focal cartilage patients with a mean adjusted difference (95% confidence interval in parentheses): Symptoms 8.4 (0.3, 16.4), Pain 11.8 (2.2, 21.4), Activities of daily living (ADL) 9.3 (−1.2, 18.6), Sport and recreation 8.9 (−1.6, 19.4) and Quality of Life (QoL) 10.6 (0.2, 21.1). The control group also demonstrated higher odds of reaching the patient‐acceptable symptom state threshold for the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome subscores with odds ratio: Symptoms 2.7 (1.2, 6.4), Pain 3.0 (1.3, 7.0), ADL 2.1 (0.9, 4.6) and QoL 2.4 (1.0, 5.5).ConclusionPrevious cartilage surgery was associated with inferior patient‐reported outcomes after knee arthroplasty. These patients also exhibited significantly lower odds of reaching the patient‐acceptable symptom state threshold for the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome subscores.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Onabotulinum Toxin A (BoNT‐A) for Drooling in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Oad Haresh , Maltezeanu Alix , da Silva Sabrina D. , Daniel Sam J. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionSialorrhea, also known as drooling, hypersalivation, or ptyalism, has a significant impact on the medical and psychosocial well‐being of children. Onabotulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) is the most commonly used botulinum toxin worldwide for the treatment of sialorrhea in children.ObjectivesTo conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the clinical efficacy and potential adverse effects of BoNT‐A as a treatment for drooling in children.MethodsCochrane, Embase, and Medline databases were systematically searched (up to May 2023). Out of 535 identified publications, 20 were found eligible for inclusion. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to determine the efficacy of BoNT‐A treatment in children in reducing the frequency and severity of drooling.ResultsOut of the 20 studies included, a meta‐analysis was conducted on the complete dataset of eight studies involving 131 patients. BoNT‐A was found to significantly decrease the severity of drooling in patients with sialorrhea (standardized mean difference [SMD], −2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.91 to −1.23; p < 0.0001) when compared with the conditions before injections using random‐effects models. Six studies out of 20 reported dysphagia as an adverse effect after injection. Other side effects included thickness of saliva and pain at the site of injection.ConclusionBoNT‐A is a clinically effective therapy that improves drooling severity in children with sialorrhea. Although there were some adverse side effects reported, they were transient and not severe. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the best techniques and to identify the ideal dosages required to achieve the optimal outcomes. Laryngoscope, 134:3012–3017, 2024
Increasing stand age increases N deficiency but alleviates relative P limitations in Castanopsis hystrix plantations in Southern China
Authors: Li Xu , Wu Ting , Wu Guopeng , Aguila Luis Carlos Ramos , Liu Xujun , Liu Yue , Cheng Yan , Jiang Fen , Lie Zhiyang , Liu Juxiu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractForest productivity usually declines with the increase in the age of stand, which may be associated with the disturbance in the balance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients. However, the effects of stand age on plantation nutrient balance and productivity in plantation is still unclear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in this study to investigate the influence of the increase in the age of stand (6‐, 10‐, 15‐, 25‐, 30‐, and 34‐year‐old stands) on plant growth and the dynamics of N and P in Castanopsis hystrix plantations of Southern China. The increase in the age of stand reduced plantation productivity and leaf N:P. Moreover, productivity was found to be positively correlated with leaf N:P, reflecting that the decrease in productivity was related to changes in N and P contents in leaves. Reduction in leaf N:P was associated with declining N content and stable P content in leaves. The decrease in leaf N content may be due to the declining –N and microbial biomass N contents in soil, although activities of N‐acetylglucosaminidase, cellobiohydrolase, and polyphenol oxidase decreased with the increase in stand age. The stability of leaf P content may be associated with the increase in soil total P and microbial biomass P, boosting P supply to plants. In contrast, decreased soil phosphatase activity with the increase in the age of stand likely suggests that no additional P was needed through P mineralization. The findings indicate that increasing stand age would improve N consumption but alleviate relative P limitations. Thus, more attention needs to be paid to N fertilizer management (e.g., 10–15‐year stages) to sustain C. hystrix productivity with stand age.
PURPOSEFUL DESIGN OF WORKPLACE SPACES
Authors: Deutser Brad , Bilotta Isabel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe authors are respectively, the leader of the company Deutser, and its Head of Learning and Innovation. They write about an organization’s “spaces, both physical and psychological.” They further claim that “space is foundational to any organization’s identity, and the physical space is a readily observable signal to employees of what is valued and how work gets done.” They describe five rules for designing an office space, which in their words are: 1. Space as an Investment, Not a Cost 2. Design for Unity, Not Hierarchy 3. Function Over Form 4. The Purposeful Pause 5. Build Belonging Through Spaces. Within rule 1: “There can be no disconnect with the organization’s evolved identity or culture.” In rule 2, “Too many organizations use design to divide, even if unintentional.” In rule 3, “Collaborative work is a crucial aspect of reconnection.” In rule 4, “The simplicity sends a mental signal to slow everything around us.” In rule 5, “Design is at the heart of how we access the wonders of what the work requires each one of us to bring to life.” They conclude that “by injecting purposeful design, you are communicating an intention – this is a place where all belong.”
THINKING LIKE AN INCLUSIVE LEADER
Authors: Pate Eddie , Stutz Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe authors, longtime corporate executives in diversity‐related fields, discuss the various nuances of inclusivity, and how it relates to leadership. This includes their 7 Insights of Inclusive Leadership (2IL) model, which is explained in the text and in Figure 1. The authors note that as their “work and the field of Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity (ID&E) evolved, we realized we needed a framework to have legitimate, impactful conversations about the key drivers of inclusive leadership.” The article focuses on three of the practices from their book Daily Practices of Inclusive Leaders: A Guide to Building a Culture of Belonging: Cultural Competence, The Platinum Rule, and being a Tempered Radical. “Cultural Competence,” they write, “is an experiential understanding and acceptance of the beliefs, values, and ethics of others as well as the demonstrated skills necessary to work with and serve diverse individuals and groups.” Also: “The Platinum Rule is treating people how they want to be treated, not how we want to be treated.” Finally: “For us, being a Tempered Radical means that leaders do not need to do it all or overwhelm themselves by adding tons of ID&E stuff to their already full plates.”
Lonely human and dominant robot: Similarity versus complementary attraction
Authors: Yu Lingzhi , Fan Xiucheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile social robots can provide companionship, people hesitate to connect with them. This research delves into a neglected question: How can we enhance the probability of potential users, especially those grappling with loneliness, connecting with companion robots to fulfill their social needs? Building upon the friendliness–dominance model and attraction theory in social psychology, our six studies reveal that individuals experiencing greater loneliness hold generally less favorable attitudes toward the idea of adopting robotic companionship. However, lonelier individuals show a higher inclination to bond with robots that act submissive rather than dominant ones. This research contributes to the understanding of human–robot interaction by examining how human traits and their perceptions of robot personalities jointly influence the interaction. The results have significant implications for guiding the design of robot product attributes to enhance their appeal to individuals experiencing varying degrees of loneliness.
Unveiling Assessment Gaps in Parkinson's Disease Psychosis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mangone Graziella , Tosin Michelle H.S. , Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Mestre Tiago A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) is a multidimensional construct that is challenging to measure. Accurate assessment of PDP requires comprehensive and reliable clinical outcome assessment (COA) measures.ObjectiveTo identify PDP measurement gaps in available COAs currently used in clinical and research settings.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. We implemented a three‐step search strategy in international databases with keywords related to Parkinson's disease (PD), psychosis, and COA. We analyzed studies using COA to assess PDP, classifying their items according to domains and subdomains.ResultsFrom 5673 identified studies, we included 628 containing 432 PDP core items from 32 COAs. Among the 32 COAs, 19 were PD‐specific, containing 266 items, constructed as clinician‐reported outcomes (ClinRO) (148 items), patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) (112 items), and observer‐reported outcomes (ObsRO) (six items). Across all PD‐specific COAs, regardless of structure, 89.4% of the items from 27 COAs focused primarily on assessing PDP symptoms' severity, and only 9.7% of items probed the impact of PDP on a person's daily functioning.ConclusionsSymptom‐based domains are currently prioritized for measuring the severity of PDP, with limited coverage of the functional impact of PDP on patients' lives. Whereas the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society has traditionally developed a “Unified” COA that culls items from prior COAs to form a new one, a new COA will largely need newly developed items if the functional impact of PDP is prioritized. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Multi‐point calorimeter using distributed fiber Bragg gratings for small field dosimetry in radiotherapy
Authors: Lebel‐Cormier Marie‐Anne , Boilard Tommy , Bernier Martin , Beaulieu Luc 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe interest of using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) dosimeters in radiotherapy (RT) lies in their (i) microliter detection volume, (ii) customizable spatial resolution, (iii) multi‐point dose measurement, (iv) real‐time data acquisition and (v) insensitivity to Cherenkov light. These characteristics could prove very useful for characterizing dose distributions of small and nonstandard fields with high spatial resolution.PurposeWe developed a multi‐point FBGs dosimeter customized for small field RT dosimetry with a spatial resolution of 1 mm.MethodsThe 3 cm‐long multi‐point dosimeter is made by embedding a 80 silica fiber containing an array of thirty (30) co‐located 1 mm‐long fs‐written FBGs inside a plastic cylinder with an UV curing optical adhesive. With its higher thermal expansion coefficient, the plastic cylinder increases the sensitivity of the dosimeter by stretching the fiber containing the FBGs when the temperature rises slightly due to radiation energy deposition. Irradiations (2000 MU at 600 MU/min) were performed with a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator.ResultsThe dose profile of a 2 2 cm 6 MV beam was measured with a mean relative difference of 1.8% (excluding the penumbra region). The measured output factors for a 6 MV beam are in general agreement with the expected values within the experimental uncertainty (except for the 2 2 cm field). The detector response to different energy of photon and electron beams is within 5% of the mean response ( pm/Gy). The calorimeter's post‐irradiation thermal decay is in agreement with the theory.ConclusionsAn energy‐independent small field calorimeter that allows dose profile and output factor measurements for RT using FBGs was developed, which, to our knowledge, has never been done before. This type of detector could prove really useful for small field dosimetry, but also potentially for MRI‐LINAC since FBGs are insensitive to magnetic fields and for FLASH since FBGs have been used to measure doses up to 100 kGy.
Whole breast ultrafractionation radiotherapy after breast‐conserving surgery in early breast cancer: A single‐center, prospective, observational study from China
Authors: Zhao Rui‐Zhi , Huang Cheng , Tang Tian‐Lan , Shi Gui‐Qing , Chen Si‐Lin , Lin Yu‐Ping , Wang Ying , Jiang Liu‐Qing , Chen Jin‐Hua , Xu Chun‐Sen , Fu Fang‐Meng , Han Zhong‐Hua , Lin Shun‐Guo , Wang Chuan , Yang Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis single‐center, prospective, observational study was designed to investigate the toxicities, patient‐reported outcome (PRO), and dosimetric analysis of whole breast ultrafractionation radiotherapy (RT) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) in early breast cancer (BC).Patients and methodsPatients diagnosed with BC stage I, II and treated with BCS were enrolled. A dose of 26 Gray (Gy) in five fractions was prescribed to the whole breast and tumor bed. Clinical endpoints included toxicities, PRO, and dosimetric analysis. PRO was measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer general quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and the BC‐specific questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐BR23) questionnaires.ResultsBetween January 2022 and June 2023, 62 female patients were enrolled. The median age was 45 years. Most patients (83.9%) were diagnosed with pathological stage I disease. The median planning target volume (PTV) was 456.4 mL. The minimum, maximum, and mean doses, and D95 (dose of PTV irradiated volume more than 95%) to PTV were 20.2, 28.8, 27.2, and 26.3 Gy, respectively. The median mean lung dose and percentage lung volume receiving 8 Gy (V8) were 3.6 Gy and 13.4%, respectively. The median mean heart dose, V1.5 (percentage of organ volume irradiated with 1.5 Gy or higher), and V7 (percentage of organ volume irradiated with 7 Gy or higher) were 0.6 Gy, 6.8%, and 0.4%, respectively. Cosmetic effects before RT showed no obvious differences compared to that post RT. No toxicities of grade 3 or higher occurred. Five patients had asymptomatic radiation pneumonia (grade 1), and 12 patients had radiation dermatitis (grade 1). No factor was significantly related to radiation dermatitis or radiation pneumonia. For the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐BR23 questionnaires, all function and symptom scores before RT had no significant differences compared with that after RT, 1−2 months after RT, and 3−4 months after RT. Ultrafractionation RT did not worsen PRO. The 1‐year crude local control was 100%.ConclusionWhole breast ultrafractionation RT after BCS in early BC has no severe toxicities and does not affect PRO. These results need to be further validated with a longer follow‐up and a larger sample size.
Waivers for the public service loan forgiveness program: Who could benefit from take‐up?
Authors: Briones Diego A. , Ruby Nathaniel , Turner Sarah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor workers employed in the public and nonprofit sectors, the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program offers the potential for full forgiveness of federal student loans for those with 10 years of full‐time work experience. A year‐long waiver issued by the Department of Education in 2021 to address administrative problems in program access provided a new path to PSLF relief for many borrowers. We explore the overall impact and distributional implications of potential full participation in loan forgiveness enabled by the PSLF waiver program using the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Our estimates identify more than $100 billion in loan forgiveness available to as many as 3.45 million borrowers through the PSLF waiver program. Potential beneficiaries of this initiative are disproportionately employed in occupations like teaching and health care. Full take‐up of the PSLF waiver would lead to a narrowing of the racial gap in student debt burden. However, the distributional impact of the PSLF waiver depends critically on the take‐up rate and there is some evidence that those borrowers with relatively high income or advanced degrees have been most likely to access benefits.