bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting saddle-node bifurcations using transient dynamics: a model-free approach
Authors: Habib Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel method for predicting the presence of saddle-node bifurcations in dynamical systems. The method exploits the effect that saddle-node bifurcations have on transient dynamics in the surrounding phase space and parameter space, and does not require any information about the steady-state solutions associated with the bifurcation. Specifically, trajectories of a system obtained for parameters close to the saddle-node bifurcation present local minima of the logarithmic decrement trend in the vicinity of the bifurcation. By tracking the logarithmic decrement for these trajectories, the saddle-node bifurcation can be accurately predicted. The method does not strictly require any mathematical model of the system, but only a few time series, making it directly implementable for gray- and black-box models and experimental apparatus. The proposed algorithm is tested on various systems of different natures, including a single-degree-of-freedom system with nonlinear damping, the mass-on-moving-belt, a time-delayed inverted pendulum, and a pitch-and-plunge wing profile. Benefits, limitations, and future perspectives of the method are also discussed. The proposed method has potential applications in various fields, such as engineering, physics, and biology, where the identification of saddle-node bifurcations is crucial for understanding and controlling complex systems.
Yield stability and weed dry matter in response to field-scale soil variability in pea-oat intercropping
Authors: Munz Sebastian , Zachmann Julian , Chongtham Iman Raj , Dhamala Nawa Raj , Hartung Jens , Jensen Erik Steen , Carlsson Georg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
Intercropping of grain legumes and cereals in European agriculture can provide benefits, such as an increase in yields, yield stability and weed suppression. Interactions between crops in intercropping may depend on spatial heterogeneity in soil conditions, which are present on farmers’ fields. Understanding the effect of within-field variation in soil conditions on interspecific interactions might increase the benefits of intercropping by within-field adjustment of the agronomic management.

Methods
Crop performance and weed dry matter were assessed together with several soil properties in grids within three large field experiments at two sites (Germany and Sweden) and during two years. Each experiment was comprised of several strips sown either with the two sole crops oat (Avena sativa L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) or an oat-pea intercrop.

Results
The response of crop performance to within-field variability in soil conditions was mostly species-specific. Yield stability of intercropping was consistently higher compared with pea, but not compared to oat. The highest land equivalent ratio was found for an additive intercropping design under a higher water availability. In this experiment, yield stability of both intercropped pea and oat were lower, which might be expected as a result of within-field variation in interspecific interactions. Intercropping reduced weed dry matter compared to pea, for which one experiment indicated an increase in weed dry matter with nutrient availability.

Conclusion
The experimental design and the developed statistical analysis can contribute to further research about spatial variations in interspecific interactions in intercropping, which will improve the understanding of plant-plant and plant-soil interactions.
Harmonic Bergman Projectors on Homogeneous Trees
Authors: De Mari Filippo , Monti Matteo , Vallarino Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper we investigate some properties of the harmonic Bergman spaces $$\mathcal A^p(\sigma )$$

A
p

(
σ
)

on a q-homogeneous tree, where $$q\ge 2$$

q
≥
2

, $$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

, and $$\sigma $$
σ
is a finite measure on the tree with radial decreasing density, hence nondoubling. These spaces were introduced by J. Cohen, F. Colonna, M. Picardello and D. Singman. When $$p=2$$

p
=
2

they are reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and we compute explicitely their reproducing kernel. We then study the boundedness properties of the Bergman projector on $$L^p(\sigma )$$

L
p

(
σ
)

for $$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

and their weak type (1,1) boundedness for radially exponentially decreasing measures on the tree. The weak type (1,1) boundedness is a consequence of the fact that the Bergman kernel satisfies an appropriate integral Hörmander’s condition.
Listed Real Estate as an Inflation Hedge Across Regimes
Authors: Muckenhaupt Jan , Hoesli Martin , Zhu Bing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the inflation-hedging capability of listed real estate (LRE) companies in the US from 1975 to 2023, and in three other economies—the UK, Japan, and Australia—from 1990 to 2023. By using a Markov switching vector error correction model (MS-VECM), we identify that the short-term hedging ability moves towards being negative or zero during turbulent periods. In stable periods, LRE provides good protection against inflation. In the long term, LRE offers a good hedge against expected inflation and shows a superior inflation hedging ability than stocks. Additionally, we identify inflation-hedging portfolios by minimizing the expected shortfall. This inflation-hedging portfolio allocation methodology suggests that listed real estate stocks should play a significant role in investor portfolios.
Does market power drive business model innovation? Evidence from Italian family manufacturing firms
Authors: Cucculelli Marco , Cappelli Riccardo , Mondolo Jasmine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increasingly dynamic and uncertain environment in which firms operate has strengthened the need to understand how firms react to changing conditions and unpredicted events. Using the information on business model innovation collected through a unique survey on Italian manufacturing companies, we study if and how variations in the firm’s competitive position in the product market, proxied by the corporate markup, prompt proactive or reactive changes in the firms’ business model. Drawing upon the performance feedback approach, we find that markup variations foster business model innovation, and that the degree of family involvement shapes this influence. In particular, family firms turn out to be significantly more proactive (they react proactively to both negative and positive performance feedback) than family firms with lower family involvement and non-family firms. Interestingly, positive performance feedback encourages family firms to invest and strengthen those areas of the business model that are often considered weak in this type of company.
Understanding the sociocultural valuation of ecosystem services in urban parks: a Colombian study case
Authors: Granobles Velandia Fabián Andrés , Trilleras Motha Jenny Maritza , Romero-Duque Luz Piedad , Quijas Sandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe significance of urban ecosystem services on the perception of parks among the public is profound. Parks are valued for their functional benefits, the experiences they provide, and their relationship with green spaces. To better understand the sociocultural values associated with five urban parks in Tunja (Boyacá, Colombia), in this case study, we interviewed three types of stakeholders: decision-makers, social leaders, and park users. We employed semi-structured interviews to identify the perception and orientation values of different stakeholders. According to the results, stakeholders recognize 18 ecosystem services as the most important, with cultural ecosystem services having the highest perception value. We found that socio-cultural values are influenced more by the characteristics of the parks than their size, and socio-demographic aspects of stakeholders such as age, level of education, and gender had no significant effect. We conclude that people value urban parks for the benefits associated with trees and the emotional connections they develop with them over time, assigning intangible value to city parks. However, we also identified discrepancies in values between governmental and non-governmental stakeholders that may adversely affect decision-making and policy formulation. This information can be valuable to urban planners who seek to assess and integrate measures that promote green spaces in cities to achieve sustainability.
Detecting Background Leakages in Water Infrastructure With Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing: Insights From a Heat Transfer-Unsaturated Flow Model
Authors: D’Aniello Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe use of fiber optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to detect and locate leaks is still in its infancy in water infrastructure, despite its promising capabilities. Only few experiments tested this technology, and none of these studies focused on small but persistent leaks, like background leakages, which are ubiquitous and generally go undetected with the technology currently available, thus posing a serious threat to the available water resource. To test the feasibility of detecting and locating background leakages with fiber optic DTS, this study provides a detailed analysis on flow and temperature alterations around leaking water pipelines in presence of small leaks (5, 25, and 125 L/d) with small to moderate temperature differences with the surrounding soil, under 3 different pipe defect configurations, either in absence or in presence of pipe thermal insulation. Transient 3D heat transfer-unsaturated flow numerical simulations showed that there is potential to use temperature alterations to detect and locate incredibly small leaks with fiber optic DTS, like background leakages, despite the influence of pipe temperature on the surrounding soil. The analysis showed that extent, distribution, and magnitude of these alterations are convection dominated at a given temperature difference between leaked water and undisturbed soil, and that it may not be strictly necessary to place the optical fiber directly below the pipe. Indeed, optical fibers located within the utility trench at the sides of the pipe and below its bottom showed comparable or even better performance, thus giving new opportunities to retrofit existing pipelines as well.
PP-based 24 GHz wearable antenna
Authors: de Cos Gómez María Elena , Fernández Álvarez Humberto , Las-Heras Andrés Fernando 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA wearable millimetre-wave radar antenna operating in 24.05–24.25 GHz for imaging applications in collision avoidance to assist visually impaired people is presented. Non-uniform excitation for the series end-fed 1 × 10 array antenna is optimized in simulation achieving a modified Dolph–Chebyshev distribution, which provides improved performance in terms of beam width, Side-lobe level and Gain. Commercial RO3003 and eco-friendly polypropylene (PP) are considered as substrates for comparison purposes, being the PP electromagnetically characterized for the first time at such high frequencies. Consistent agreement between simulation and measurement results is achieved for antenna prototypes on both dielectrics. The impedance matching bandwidth is analysed for the antenna on PP also under bent conditions. The overall size of the compact, low-cost, eco-friendly and flexible antenna on PP is 98.68 × 14.4 × 0.52 mm3 and, according to literature survey, it overcomes the state of the art on wearable radar antennas at 24 GHz.
Graphical Abstract
The impact of police uniforms in changing views of police legitimacy and driving intentions among young people: an experimental trial
Authors: Anderson Levi , Bates Lyndel , Schaefer Lacey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to determine if young people’s views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend are affected by the delivery of a road safety program by uniformed police officers (control) compared with plain clothes police officers (experimental). The study further explores the direct correlation between views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend as well as the impact of uniforms, mediated by views of police legitimacy, on intentions to offend.

Methods
Participants in this study were grade 12 students (n = 380) from private (fee-paying) high schools located in Queensland, Australia. Participants were surveyed following their involvement in a police road safety program. t-Tests, correlation, and mediation analyses were conducted to determine the impact of police uniforms and views of police legitimacy on intentions to offend.

Results
Results of this study demonstrate that delivery of the program by uniformed police officers had a significantly greater positive impact on the views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend compared with delivery by plain-clothed officers. The study also demonstrates a significant correlation between views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend, as well as a mediated model including views of police legitimacy that explains more variance in intentions to offend when mediated by views of police legitimacy.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that views of police legitimacy, as well as intentions to offend, are more positively impacted when an educational course is facilitated by uniformed police officers. The mediation analysis demonstrates that uniforms impact views of police legitimacy and these views significantly affect intentions to offend. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between police uniforms, views of police legitimacy, and offending and may inform future research and policy decisions in the area of policing.
Do urban air pollutants induce changes in the thallus anatomy and affect the photosynthetic efficiency of the nitrophilous lichen Physcia adscendens?
Authors: Styburski Jakub , Skubała Kaja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLichens are symbiotic organisms that are generally sensitive to air pollution due to their specific biological and physiological features. Physcia adscendens is a nitrophilous lichen well-known for being resistant to air pollution associated with progressive anthropopressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen oxides and suspended particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) on anatomical structure of the thallus and photobiont’s photosynthetic efficiency in P. adscendens inhabiting sites that differ in terms of air pollution level and thereby to determine the relevance of these pollutants for shaping the structure of the thallus and the physiological condition of the photosynthetic partner. We found that P. adscendens from polluted sites had increased thickness of the algal layer and the larger size of the algae cells, but a much lower ratio of the algal layer to the whole thallus. Lichens from highly polluted sites had also higher photosynthetic efficiency, which indicates a relatively good physiological condition of the photobiont. This indicates that the photobiont of P. adscendens is well-adapted to function under air pollution stress which may contribute to its success in colonizing polluted sites. Both changes in the anatomy of the lichen thallus and the efficiency of photosynthesis may be related to the enrichment of the environment with nitrogen. The increased photosynthetic efficiency as well as investment in the size of photobiont cells and growth mycobiont hyphae confirms that P. adscendens is well-adapted to urban conditions; however, the mechanism behind those adaptations needs more focus in the context of global environmental changes.
Impact of Ultrasound Emulsification on the Physicochemical Properties of Emulsions Stabilised by Quinoa Protein Isolates at Different pHs
Authors: Yang Zhi , Cheng Lirong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUltrasonication (20 kHz, 19.9 W/10 mL sample) was used to form O/W emulsions stabilised by quinoa protein isolate (QPI) particles at 3 wt%. Effects of pH (3, 5, 7, 9) and oil volume fractions (20%, 40%, and 60%) on rheological properties and microstructural characteristics of emulsions were investigated. All emulsions show viscoelastic behaviours and form a network structure comprising aggregated oil droplets and QPI particles. Emulsions stabilised by QPI at pH 5 showed largest droplet sizes and lowest gel strength due to extensive aggregation of proteins around the isoelectric point (pI ~ 4.5). The gel strength (G´(1 Hz)) were enhanced when the oil volume fraction increased and reached ~ 1100–1350 Pa at 60% oil volume fraction at different pH. This could be attributed to a tighter packing of oil droplets at 60% oil. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that interdroplets bridging and voids filling of QPI particles between oil droplets are critical in formation of aggregated emulsions network. Emulsions stabilised by QPI at pH 7 and 9 possessed thinner interfacial layers compared to those at pH 3 and 5. Finally, this study shows a potential of using ultrasonication to prepare gel-like emulsions stabilised by QPI, broadening applications of quinoa proteins in making dairy substitutes with semi-solid textural characteristics.
Quantifying EHR and Policy Factors Associated with the Gender Productivity Gap in Ambulatory, General Internal Medicine
Authors: Li Huan , Rotenstein Lisa , Jeffery Molly M. , Paek Hyung , Nath Bidisha , Williams Brian L. , McLean Robert M. , Goldstein Richard , Nuckols Teryl K. , Hoq Lalima , Melnick Edward R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The gender gap in physician compensation has persisted for decades. Little is known about how differences in use of the electronic health record (EHR) may contribute.

Objective
To characterize how time on clinical activities, time on the EHR, and clinical productivity vary by physician gender and to identify factors associated with physician productivity.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This longitudinal study included general internal medicine physicians employed by a large ambulatory practice network in the Northeastern United States from August 2018 to June 2021.

Main Measures
Monthly data on physician work relative value units (wRVUs), physician and practice characteristics, metrics of EHR use and note content, and temporal trend variables.

Key Results
The analysis included 3227 physician-months of data for 108 physicians (44% women). Compared with men physicians, women physicians generated 23.8% fewer wRVUs per month, completed 22.1% fewer visits per month, spent 4.0 more minutes/visit and 8.72 more minutes on the EHR per hour worked (all p < 0.001), and typed or dictated 36.4% more note characters per note (p = 0.006). With multivariable adjustment for physician age, practice characteristics, EHR use, and temporal trends, physician gender was no longer associated with productivity (men 4.20 vs. women 3.88 wRVUs/hour, p = 0.31). Typing/dictating fewer characters per note, relying on greater teamwork to manage orders, and spending less time on documentation were associated with higher wRVUs/hour. The 2021 E/M code change was associated with higher wRVUs/hour for all physicians: 10% higher for men physicians and 18% higher for women physicians (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively).

Conclusions
Increased team support, briefer documentation, and the 2021 E/M code change were associated with higher physician productivity. The E/M code change may have preferentially benefited women physicians by incentivizing time-intensive activities such as medical decision-making, preventive care discussion, and patient counseling that women physicians have historically spent more time performing.
The Physician-Assisted Suicide Pathway in Italy: Ethical Assessment and Safeguard Approaches
Authors: Riva Luciana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough in Italy there is currently no effective law on physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia, Decision No. 242 issued by the Italian Constitutional Court on September 25, 2019 established that an individual who, under specific circumstances, has facilitated the implementation of an independent and freely-formed resolve to commit suicide by another individual is exempt from criminal liability. Following this ruling, some citizens have submitted requests for assisted suicide to the public health system, generating a situation of great uncertainty in the application processes. As a matter of fact, shared and defined procedures are lacking as Decision 242/2019 merely added some principles on which the legislature will have to base its future intervention. This paper analyses the advisory role that the Decision attributes to territorial ethics committees with the aim of stimulating discussions on their role in oversight mechanisms. The proposed conclusion is that the envisaged role does not appear consistent with the functions of these bodies and is ultimately substantially undefined and unjustified.
Softsensors: key component of property control in forming technology
Authors: Homberg Werner , Arian Bahman , Arne Viktor , Borgert Thomas , Brosius Alexander , Groche Peter , Hartmann Christoph , Kersting Lukas , Laue Robert , Martschin Juri , Meurer Thomas , Spies Daniel , Tekkaya A. Erman , Trächtler Ansgar , Volk Wolfram , Wendler Frank , Wrobel Malte 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe constantly increasing challenges of production technology for the economic and resource-saving production of metallic workpieces require, among other things, the optimisation of existing processes. Forming technology, which is confronted with new challenges regarding the quality of the workpieces, must also organise the individual processes more efficiently and at the same time more reliably in order to be able to guarantee good workpiece quality and at the same time to be able to produce economically. One way to meet these challenges is to carry out the forming processes in closed-loop control systems using softsensors. Despite the many potential applications of softsensors in the field of forming technology, there is still no definition of the term softsensor. This publication therefore proposes a definition of the softsensor based on the definition of a sensor and the distinction from the observer, which on the one hand is intended to stimulate scientific discourse and on the other hand is also intended to form the basis for further scientific work. Based on this definition, a wide variety of highly topical application examples of various softsensors in the field of forming technology are given.
Obesity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Haidar Amier , Horwich Tamara 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Obesity, generally defined by body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), while cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) decreases risk. In chronic CVD, an obesity survival paradox in which higher BMI is associated with improved prognosis has been reported. This paper will examine the effect of obesity on CVD risk, explore obesity as a risk factor in patients with established CVD, and investigate the relationship between CRF, obesity, and CVD.

Recent Findings
Through metabolic and hemodynamic changes, obesity increases the risk for CVD and contributes to the development of other cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Obesity is associated with metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory changes that leads to atherosclerosis increasing the risk for coronary artery disease, and myocardial remodeling increasing the risk for heart failure. However, it has also been observed that overweight/obese patients with established CVD have a better prognosis when compared to non-obese individuals termed the obesity paradox. CRF is a vital component of health associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes and furthermore has been shown to markedly attenuate or nullify the relationship between obesity and CVD risk/prognosis.

Summary
Increasing CRF mitigates CVD risk factors and improves overall prognosis in CVD regardless of obesity status.