bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐amniotic injection of pyridine nucleotides or adenosine triphosphate as countertherapy for 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) teratogenesis
Authors: Chamberlain J. G. , Goldyne M. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDay‐15 rat uteri were exteriorized under ether anesthesia and 100 μg 6‐AN + 500 μg oxidized (NAD;NADP) or reduced (NADH;NADPH) coenzyme; 500 μg adenosine triphosphate (ATP); or 100 μg nicotinamide (NAM) were injected into amniotic cavities in one horn. Embryos in the opposite horn served as injection controls. Mothers were closed and returned to their stock diet until autopsy on day 21 of gestation (day 0 = day of finding spermatozoa); fetuses were weighed, fixed, and examined for congenital abnormalities. Coenzymes, ATP, and NAM appeared to correct fetal and placental weight loss observed in 6‐AN‐treated fetuses. Vitamin and coenzyme therapy but not ATP treatment reduced the frequency and severity of brain and skeletal malformations to the double puncture, solvent control value. The data suggest that malformation and mortality may involve separate mechanisms.
Effect of mimosine on the rat fetus
Authors: Dewreede Sharon , Wayman Oliver 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGroups of 16 pregnant rats per treatment were fed ad libitum a basal diet containing 0, 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7% mimosine or allowed a restricted intake of the diet with no mimosine until killed on day 20 of gestation.Incremental increases of mimosine caused significant (P<0.01) decreases in daily feed consumption, weight gain per unit of food, and total weight gain. A significant (P<0.01) increase in fetal resorption, but no difference in mean conceptuses per litter, was associated with 0.7% mimosine. Fetal deformities due to constriction of localized parts occurred in litters from females fed 0.5 and 0.7% mimosine. Deformities were associated with perforations in the uterus between placental attachments with partial protrusion of fetuses through the uterus.Most sacral vertebrae were missing in fetuses of females fed 0.7% mimosine and of restricted intake controls. There were no differences in hematocrit values due to treatment.
The alteration of actinomycin D teratogenicity by hormones and nucleic acids
Authors: Elis J. , DiPaolo J. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractActinomycin D (act D) was teratogenic to Syrian hamsters. The most effective dosage, 200 μg/kg of body weight, produced malformations when injected on day 4, 6, 8 or 10 of gestation. 100 μg/kg produced malformations only after injections on day 6 or 8. 300 μg/kg was strongly embryolethal, but some malformed fetuses were found among live survivors. 400 μg/kg caused 100% maternal lethality. The teratogenicity and fetal and maternal lethality were reduced when act D was mixed with nucleic acids. DNA was more potent than RNA in preventing toxic effects of act D. The embryolethal effect of act D was also diminished by treatment with a combination of 4 mg progesterone and 1 μg of estrone, although maternal lethality and teratogenicity were not prevented.
Cleft palate in A/J mice resulting from restraint and deprivation of food and water
Authors: Rosenzweig Sanford , Blaustein Frances M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA/J mice were subjected to restraint and/or food and water deprivation for 24 or 48 hours beginning on day 14 of pregnancy. The 48‐hour treatment sharply increased the cleft palate and resorption rates. The data strongly suggest that restraint can cause cleft palate if imposed for an extended period of time.
Breeding and pregnancy in rhesus monkeys used for teratological testing
Authors: Wilson James G. , Fradkin Rochelle , Hardman Alvin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFifty‐two young rhesus females were bred intensively under laboratory conditions for 6‐24 months. More than half became pregnant by 90 days after first observed menstruation, and all of an original group of 37 became pregnant by 2 years. A rate of 1.2 pregnancies per female per year was achieved by interrupting pregnancy by hysterotomy at day 100 and rebreeding the female within 1 to 2 months. Further improvement on this rate is a reasonable expectation.After hysterotomy menstruation usually resumed by 30–50 days. Second pregnancies occurred in 80% of 28 females by 9 months and in all by 16 months.Accurately anticipating the time of ovulation is unresolved, but estimation of chloride content of cervical mucus has permitted more effective breeding in some cases than would have been possible by routine breeding on days 11‐13 of the menstrual cycle. Clomiphene citrate did not improve conception rate in relatively infertile animals above that observed in untreated animals with similar reproductive histories.A biological pregnancy test was developed that can be completed in 24 hours, can diagnose pregnancy as early as day 16, and is highly reliable by day 20 of gestation. Early abortions after teratological tests were diagnosed by uterine palpation.The 100‐day fetus proved entirely satisfactory for evaluation of anatomical development.
Trypan blue and the extra‐toes locus in the mouse
Authors: Johnson D. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTrypan blue and the extra‐toes gene (Xt) in the mouse produce syndromes with many abnormalities in common. Treatment of litters segregating for Xt with trypan blue increases the expressivity of the gene. Gene and teratogen act additively in most cases but interacted in one case. It is suggested that both gene and teratogen act by retardation of developing embryos.
Repair of the external granular layer of the hamster cerebellum after prenatal and postnatal administration of methylazoxymethanol
Authors: Shimada Morimi , Langman Jan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this experiment was to examine the influence of methylazoxymethanol acetate (Mam ac) on cell proliferation and regeneration of the external granular layer in the cerebellum of the hamster. Pregnant hamsters were treated with 10 mg/kg/day Mam ac on days 13–15 of gestation and youngsters on the second, third, and fourth or fourth, fifth and sixth postnatal days. In animals treated during intrauterine life and examined on the day of birth a large number of cells in the external granular layer were destroyed, but some seemingly healthy ones always remained. In those permitted to live, surviving cells formed a new external granular layer and by the 20th postnatal day no morphological differences could be detected between the treated and control animals. In animals treated on the second to fourth postnatal days practically all the cells of the external granular layer were destroyed. By the tenth day the Purkinje cells were located throughout the molecular zone. Many of them showed a cytoplasmic cone extending centrally instead of toward the periphery. The internal granular layer contained only a few cells, apparently owing to failure of the normal inflow of neurons from the external granular layer. In animals treated on the fourth to sixth postnatal days most cells in the external granular layer were destroyed. During the following days surviving cells presumably gave rise to a new external granular layer. The cells of this layer failed to migrate centrally. Instead they remained located in the molecular layer where they formed an extra layer of cells, which had the appearance of granule cells. The animals were ataxic, although retinal abnormalities may have been partially responsible for the symptoms.
Cardia bifida in chick embryos: Anterior and posterior defects produced by transplanting tritiated thymidine‐labeled grafts medial to the heart‐forming regions
Authors: Rosenquist Glenn C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAnterior and posterior cardia bifida were produced in chick embryos by transplanting tritiated thymidine‐labeled grafts into host embryos, anterior to the anterior end of the streak and medial to the heart‐forming mesoderm, i.e., into areas destined for ventral gut or yolk sac. Anterior cardia bifida resulted when the nonintegrated part of the graft prevented the splanchnic folds from meeting at the midline to form the anterior end of the heart; this anomaly always appeared without corresponding anomalies in the endoderm and ectoderm layers. Posterior cardia bifida resulted when the part of the graft that had not been integrated into the host tissue interfered with the formation of the foregut. The position of the labeled cells in the endocardium, myocardium, mesocardium, endoderm, and yolk sac was determined by radioautography. Although cardia bifida has no known counterparts in the pathological anatomy of human congenital heart disease, study of the condition gives significant insight into the relations of the primary germ layers.
The embryolethality and localization of antikidney serum in the pregnant mouse, Mus musculus
Authors: Gebhardt D. O. E. , de la Faille‐kuyper E. H. Baart , Nagel J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe period in which antimouse kidney serum (AKS) was embryolethal in the mouse extended from days 4–15 of pregnancy. The highest sensitivity toward AKS existed at days 10–14.When AKS was localized in the uterus by immunofluorescence the following results were obtained. On day 10 Reichert's membrane, parietal yolk‐sac cells, and endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac, but not the embryo, showed intense fluorescence. By day 12 Reichert's membrane and the parietal yolk‐sac cells had lost most of their immunofluorescence. The visceral yolk‐sac cells adjacent to the chorioallantoic placenta still stained strongly on day 18 of pregnancy.AKS from which the antiplacental factor(s) were removed retained its embryolethality when injected on day 10. It was localized solely in the visceral yolk sac. Therefore AKS probably caused embryonic death by damaging the yolk‐sac cells.Only during the last days of pregnancy was there any transfer of AKS to the embryos.
Development of explanted rat fetuses in hyperbaric oxygen
Authors: New D. A. T. , Coppola P. T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRaising the oxygen pressure of the culture chamber to 2 or 3 atmospheres improved the development in static serum of rat embryos explanted at 11.5 days' gestation, but the final stage attained (35–37 somites) was less than that of embryos in circulating serum equilibrated with oxygen at normal pressure (40–45 somites). Hyperbaric oxygen appeared to be of most value for the culture of embryos explanted at 12.5 days' gestation (about 40 somites). These developed well to 50–55 somites in circulating serum in oxygen at two atmospheres pressure, but showed very little development in oxygen at normal pressure. The high oxygen concentrations were harmful to the yolk sac, and it was not possible to extend development in culture beyond 50–55 somites.
Teratogenic compounds of Veratrum californicum (Durand). X. Cyclopia in rabbits produced by cyclopamine
Authors: Keeler Richard F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCyclopamine, the compound responsible for cyclopia in sheep upon maternal ingestion of Veratrum californicum, produced cyclopia and related cephalic malformations in rabbits when orally administered with CaCO3 as a stomach‐acid buffer to prevent acid‐induced conversion to veratramine, a compound devoid of similar teratogenic activity. The insult period was between days 6 and 9 of gestation. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggested the conversion of nonbuffered cyclopamine to veratramine under stomach‐acid conditions.
Effects of transitory maternal pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) deficiency on levels of adenosine phosphates in developing rat embryos
Authors: Chepenik Kenneth P. , Johnson E. Marshall , Kaplan Stanley 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA transient maternal folic acid deficiency resulted in alterations in the concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), diphosphate (ADP), and monophosphate (AMP) in developing rat embryos. At the end of the treatment period the ATP level was markedly reduced and the pool of adenine (as ATP, ADP, and AMP) was decreased in experimental embryos. On the basis of these findings an explanation is suggested for the increased oxygen consumption previously observed for rat embryos from folic acid‐deficient females.
Kidney malformations in fetuses of A × C line 9935 rats
Authors: Fujikura Toshio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFifty A × C 9935 strain inbred rat litters were examined near term; 88/315 fetuses (27.9%) showed renal malformations (renal agenesis and hydronephrosis). Unilateral renal agenesis occurred more often on the right side (11.5%) than the left (3.6%), especially in males. Renal agenesis was always associated with absence or hypoplasia of a uterine horn or vas deferens and epididymis on the corresponding side. However, the ovaries or testes were present and intact. Hydronephrosis was seen more often on the left side (11.4%) than the right (3.5%). There was no significant sex difference in the frequency of renal agenesis and hydronephrosis. In hydronephrosis the ureteropelvic junction was patent, and hydroureter always accompanied moderate hydronephrosis. Atresia near the vesicoureteral junction was considered as a cause of hydronephrosis. There was a close morphogenetic relation between renal agenesis and hydronephrosis.
Effects of intrauterine administration of acetazolamide in rats
Authors: Scott William J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA technique was utilized for intrauterine deposition of acetazolamide, to study the locus of action resulting in malformations in fetal rats. A 30‐gauge needle, attached to a Hamilton microliter syringe, was inserted through the uterine wall, and acetazolamide was deposited in three different regions. Deposition in the yolk sac and/or decidua capsularis produced typical forelimb deficiency in 7/46 surviving fetuses, while injection into the exocoelom produced 2/9 typically deformed fetuses. In contrast, deposition of acetazolamide into the decidua basalis and/or chorioallantoic placenta produced only 1/46 typically deformed fetus, suggesting that the chorioallantoic placenta is not the locus of acetazolamide action. The small amount of teratogen needed to produce the typical deformity when injected in the yolk sac or exocoelom, plus the total lack of deformed fetuses from control and noninjected implantation sites, eliminated disturbance of maternal metabolism as a causative factor in acetazolamide teratogenesis.
Sex differences in the incidence of certain congenital malformations: A review of the literature and some new data
Authors: Hay Sylvia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPercentages of males with selected congenital malformations reported in a large number of studies have been tabulated and analyzed. Males more often than females have been reported to have congenital hydrocephalus, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, esophageal defects, omphalocele, anorectal defects, polydactyly, syndactyly, reduction deformities, and plantar flexion foot defects. More females have been reported to have anencephaly, spina bifida, cleft palate, simple umbilical hernia, and dorsal flexion and inward rotational foot defects. Down's syndrome has been reported more frequently in males in studies that included older patients and more frequently in females in studies restricted to newborn populations. Sources of data also appear to be related to interstudy variations in sex ratios of anencephaly, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and isolated cleft palate. It is suggested that unequal sex‐specific risks of death (prenatal in the case of anencephaly) account for the observed variations in the reported sex ratios of these malformations.
Teratogenic effect of 6‐azauridine in rats
Authors: Gutová Marcela , Elis Jiřrí , Rašková Helena 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe embryotoxic effects of 6‐azauridine, given during different periods of gestation in rats, are described. Administration on days 1–6 was lethal or without any effect. Days 6–12 was the period of greatest embryonic susceptibility. 330 and 110 mg/kg caused 100% resorption; 36 mg/kg embryolethality in 85%, teratogenicity in 53.8%. After 12 mg/kg 5.8% of the fetuses were malformed, mostly with encephalocele and gastroschisis. Administered on days 12–18, 3,g/kg was 100% embryolethal and 1 g/kg 32.7% embryolethal and 100% teratogenic, causing malformations of extremities. After 330 mg/kg 65.2% of fetuses survived without any visible damage. Following single administrations of 6‐azauridine embryolethality was commonest after 3 g/kg on days 8 and 11. The teratogenic effect was best expressed after 3 g/kg on day 15, 1 g/kg on day 13, and 330 mg/kg on day 8. Malformations observed were cleft palate, gastroschisis, and dysmelia.
Histochemical features of the notochord after experimental induction of neural overgrowth
Authors: Wilson Doris Burda 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe notochord and its sheath were studied in chick embryos inwhich neural overgrowth was experimentally induced by means of prematurelydissociating the notochord from the neural tube in the region of the anteriorrhombomere. The embryos were removed at ages ranging from 3–5 days of incubation and were subjected to the periodic acid‐Schiff and alcian blue procedures,as well as to radioautography involving the incorporation of thymidme‐3 H. In theregion of dissociation the notochordal cells underwent vacuolization at an earlierstage than occurred during normal development. The vacuoles showed an earlyaccumulation of material which stained positively with PAS and alcian blue, andpycnosis likewise began at an earlier stage. Incorporation of thymidme‐3H intothe notochordal cells followed the same pattern in experimental and control embryos. The notochordal sheath became discontinuous in the region of dissociation,although the histochemical features seen in the sheath of normal embryos wereretained These results arc discussed with reference to the phenomenon of neuralovergrowth and to possible interactions between the notochord and neural tube during normal development.
The influence of trypan blue, Niagara blue 2B, and colloidal carbon on the absorption and transport of valine by rat intestinal segments
Authors: Kernis Marten M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTrypan blue, a potent teratogen in the rat, affected the transfer of 14C‐valine between the mucisal and serosal sides of intestinal segments without actually penetrating the mucosal epithelial cells. This apparent alteration of a membrane or surface phenomenon resulted in statistically significant increases in (1) amount of valine absorbed, (2) amount of label transported per unit of intestinal wall, (3) rate of absorption, and (4) rate of transport. The less terato‐genic azo dye Niagara blue 2B and the inert colloid colloidal carbon had less effect on the system.
Morphogenesis of the palate in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus)
Authors: Bollert Joe A. , Hendrickx Andrew G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA controlled breeding program was used to collect baboon embryos of known insemination ages. Serial sections of the palatine region of 37 embryos and fetuses from 30 to 64 days (d) (estimated fertilization age) werestudied microscopically and by graphic or wax reconstruction. One 100‐day fetuswas partially dissected. Nasal placodes appeared in Stage XIV (30 d, 4.3–6.0 mm).By Stage XVI (33–36 d, 6.9–9.0 mm) nasal pits developed. The primary palate and palatine processes were present at Stage XVII (36 d, 11.3–11.6 mm). Subsequent development produced rostrodorsal and vertical lengthening of the palatine processes. Rostrally they slanted caudomedially toward the base of the tongue, and dorsally they remained vertically oriented lateral to the tongue in Stage XXI (43–45 d, 18.3–19.6 mm). In Stage XXII (47 d, 22–24 mm) the midpalatine processesbegan to rotate to a horizontal position. By Stage XXIII (45–50 d, 25.8–28.0 mm)the rostral two‐thirds of the palatine processes were horizontally oriented cranialto the tongue. They were fusing to each other and to the nasal septum. The dorsalone‐third of the palatine processes were assuming a horizontal position by medialprojection. In the 53‐d fetuses (39.6–48.0 mm) the hard and soft palates wereformed except for the uvula, which remained divided until sometime after 64 d(63.0 mm). Epithelial remnants were not formed in the soft palate, suggestingthat this area was formed by mesenchymal merging without epithelial fusion.
Cytogenetic and teratologic studies on rats continuously infused with various doses of tritiated thymidine during pregnancy
Authors: Chaudhuri Jyoti P. , Haas Reiner J. , Schreml Wolfgang , Knörr‐Gärtner Henriette , Fliedner Theodor M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe radiotoxic effect of continuous infusion of 3H‐TdR into rats from day 9 of pregnancy till term has been studied using 288, 576, 864, 1152, and 1440 μCi/day/rat. In the offspring impaired development, decreasing regenerating capacity, malformations, and lethality occurred and were found to be dose dependent. In general, these radiotoxic effects were significant only at higher dose levels. Chromosomal abnormalities also showed a dose dependency, which was discernible even at the lowest level of activity.
An investigation of dermatoglyphic asymmetry in rubella embryopathy
Authors: Hook Ernest B. , Achs Ruth S. , Harper Rita 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwenty infants born to mothers who contracted rubella in the first 20 weeks of gestation were compared to 20 controls with regard to dermatoglyphic pattern asymmetry on 11 regions of the hands and feet, dermatoglyphic orientation asymmetry in these regions, the measured and absolute values of the differences in location of the distal axial triradius on left and right hands, the variance of these differences, and the intraclass correlation coefficient of the position of the axial triradius on left and right hands. Within the experimental and control groups comparisons were also made between subsets matched for symmetric hypothenar patterns and between subsets of the same sex within a restricted birth‐weight range. The trends in all cases indicated that, contrary to the hypothesis, all measures of asymmetry were decreased in the rubella infants. Asymmetry thus seems unlikely to be a useful marker for a human teratogen with effects similar to those of rubella.
Conjoined twinning in rabbits
Authors: Chai C. K. , Crary D. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFour partially duplicated newborn rabbits were observed in 252 births in the inbred strain Y at The Jackson Laboratory within a 12‐month period. Two of these were full sibs and a third was a half sib of these two sets. This frequency is significant and highly suggestive of genetic transmission. All of the conjoined twins were posteriorly duplicated in various degrees. One was equally conjoined, two were unequal, and the fourth was polydactylous with a large intra abdominal teratoma. Abnormalities were found in both the skeleton and internal organ systems.
Prevention of teratogenic and embryocidal action of X rays by low doses of 5‐hydroxytryptamine
Authors: Srebro Z. , Bieleń E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPregnant rats were exposed to 200 r X irradiation on day 10 of pregnancy. 5‐Hydroxytryptamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight given subcutaneously 25 minutes prior to the irradiation showed significant antiteratogenic and antiembryocidal properties. A statistically significant increase in body weight was observed in near‐term offspring of 5‐HT‐injected and X irradiated females when compared with those only X irradiated or untreated.