bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Differing Rates and Injection Sites on the Amount of Protamine Delivered Before Detection of Hemodynamic Alterations in Dogs
Authors: Morgan M.R. , Monnet E. , Gaynor J.S. 
Published: August 2002

Objectives—To determine the effect of the route and rate of protamine administration on the amount of protamine that could be delivered before a hemodynamic reaction occurred in dogs.Study design—Prospective randomized experimental study.Animals—Twenty adult mixed‐breed dogs weighing 25.1 ± 2.5 kg.Methods—Before vascular surgery, the dogs were heparinized to reach an activated clotting time (ACT) of 300 seconds. After completion of the vascular surgery, protamine was administered intravenously until a hemodynamic reaction was recorded. The 4 groups of dogs were given protamine at 5 mg/min (slow) or 10 mg/min (fast) via the cephalic or the jugular veins. Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, central venous pressure (CVP), and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP) were recorded before and after protamine administration. The dose of protamine was recorded when a reaction occurred, which was defined as mean arterial pressure (MAP) <60 mm Hg or mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) >20 mm Hg or more than double the baseline value.Results—Significant decreases in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), MAP, and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and significant increases in systolic (SPAP), mean (MPAP), and diastolic (DPAP) pulmonary arterial pressures were recorded after protamine administration. The cephalic slow group had significantly fewer protamine reactions than other groups (chi‐square = 8.57, P = .03, df = 3). Significantly more protamine could be delivered from the cephalic vein (52.5 ± 14.5 mg) compared with the jugular vein (37.6 ± 16 mg) before a reaction occurred (P = .048).Conclusion—The rate of administration did not have an effect on the amount of protamine delivered. Adverse reactions were minimized when protamine was administered via the cephalic vein at a slow rate.Clinical Relevance—We would recommend delivering protamine after cardiopulmonary bypass or vascular surgery through a peripheral venous route.
Amino Acids, Then and Now‐‐A Reflection on Sir Hans Krebs' Contribution to Nitrogen Metabolism
Authors: Brosnan John T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractH. A. Krebs made an enormous contribution to our knowledge of amino acid metabolism, beginning with his studies on proteolysis in the early 1930s, progressing through his work on urea synthesis to an extensive series of papers on deamination and, then, to work on gluconeogenesis from amino acids. This paper addresses three of Krebs' early contributions‐‐urea synthesis, glutamine metabolism, and D‐amino acid oxidase‐‐and relates them to our modern understanding of amino acid metabolism.
Study of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the palindromic sequence of hypersensitive site (HS)4 of the human β‐globin locus control region (LCR) in Indian population
Authors: Kukreti Ritushree , B‐Rao Chandrika , Das Swapan Kr , De Madhusnata , Talukder Geeta , Vaz Flavian , Verma I.C. , Brahmachari Samir K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLCR, a genetic regulatory element, was examined in β‐thalassemia patients who do not show any mutation in the β‐globin genes. We sequenced LCR‐HS2, HS3, and HS4 in samples from 16 such patients from the Indian population and found only one SNP A‐G in the inverted repeat in HS4. A significant association was observed between the G allele and occurrence of β‐thalassemia by Fisher's exact test. The AG and GG genotypes showed higher relative risk as compared to the AA genotype. We also observed linkage disequilibrium between the A/G polymorphism and the AT‐rich motif of the LCR HS2 region, suggesting that the G allele could be an evolutionarily new mutation in the study population. Am. J. Hematol. 69:77‐79, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outdoor exposure to airborne polycyclic organic matter and adverse reproductive outcomes: A pilot study
Authors: Vassilev Zdravko P. , Robson Mark G. , Klotz Judith B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the association between outdoor airborne polycyclic organic matter (POM) and adverse reproductive outcomes in New Jersey, we used a cross‐sectional design combining air quality data from the USA EPA Cumulative Exposure Project and individual data on pregnancy outcomes from birth and fetal death certificates at the census tract level.MethodsAfter excluding plural births and chromosomal anomalies, 221,406 live births and 1,591 fetal deaths registered in New Jersey during the years of 1990 and 1991 were included. The exposure estimates were derived from modeled average POM concentrations for each census tract in the state.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios (OR) for very low birth weight for the highest exposure compared to the lowest exposure group was 1.31 (95% CI 1.15–1.51); among term births, high POM exposure was associated with low birth weight OR = 1.31 (95% CI 1.21–1.43), with fetal death OR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.02–1.39) and with premature birth OR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.19–1.31). The univariate stratified analyses suggested effect modification of all observed associations by maternal alcohol consumption.ConclusionsThis study found associations between outdoor exposure to modeled average airborne POM and several adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data and methods utilized in this pilot study may be useful for identifying hazardous air pollutants requiring in‐depth investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:255–262, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PAGOD syndrome: Eighth case and comparison to animal models of congenital vitamin A deficiency
Authors: Macayran Joanne F. , Doroshow Robin W. , Phillips Jeffrey , Sinow Robert M. , Furst Benjamin A. , Smith Lynne M. , Lin Henry J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe observed a 46, XY infant with atrophy of the optic nerve, complex congenital heart disease including a double outlet right ventricle, hypoplasia of the right pulmonary artery and lung, eventration of the diaphragm, and ambiguous genitalia. The baby died of cardiac arrhythmias at 204 days. The pattern of malformations was compatible with pulmonary tract and pulmonary artery, agonadism, omphalocele, diaphragmatic defect, and dextrocardia (PAGOD) syndrome. The condition may resemble the malformation complex associated with developmental deficiency of vitamin A or retinoic acid, as described in animal models. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probable genetic origin for a large number of cataracts among captive‐bred vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)
Authors: de Villiers Charon , Seier Jürgen V. , Dhansay Muhammad A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring a period of 6 years, uni‐ or bilateral cataracts occurred in 55 captive‐bred vervet monkeys, representing 27.6% of all offspring produced in that time. Fifty‐eight percent of all cases were detectable only by ophthalmoscopy. A total of 30% of cases were offspring of wild‐caught parents, 40% from first‐generation captive‐bred parents, 4% from second‐generation captive‐bred parents, and 26% from parents of which one was wild caught. Cataracts that could be observed macroscopically appeared at about 6–8 mo of age. A sample of juvenile vervet monkeys with cataracts and their parents had no antibodies against rubella virus, herpes simplex virus, or toxoplasma gondi, and all except two wild‐caught breeding females had no antibodies against cytomegalovirus. Plasma vitamin D3 (25 [OH] D), calcium, phosphorus, and glucose concentrations of six cataract cases were comparable to a control group of healthy individuals. The exclusion of these extraneous factors, as well as the fact that the majority of all cases were related, was considered evidence of hereditary etiology. Males and females that had either produced offspring with cataracts or were related to individuals with cataracts were replaced. To date, 35 babies have been born, and no new cases have since occurred. Am. J. Primatol. 55:43–48, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secular trend in tooth size in urban Chinese assessed from two‐generation family data
Authors: Harris Edward F. , Potter Rosario H. , Lin Jiuxiang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnvironmental improvements can lead to greater size of skeletodental structures as the population comes closer to expressing its genetic growth potential. Such secular trends have been documented in many human settings, especially for increased stature and faster tempos of growth. The present study is based on 185 same‐sex parent‐offspring pairs of data for maximum buccolingual crown diameters of the permanent teeth from a cohort in Beijing, China, where parents experienced much of their development during and after World War II with the deprivations of the changing regime. Their offspring enjoyed the relative stability of the established Communist system, where nutrition and stability were much improved. There were significant increases in buccolingual diameters of the premolars and molars in the offspring. Increase for premolars and molars was about 1%, but larger in females than males (1.6% vs. 0.5%). Opposite changes occurred in the incisors and canines (i.e., larger parental dimensions), but we contend that these are an age‐related artifact brought on by greater passive eruption of older individuals' teeth that exposes a broader portion of the crown at the gingival margin. The secular trend in crown size coincides with other research in contemporary China, disclosing increases in body size and faster tempos of growth as health and nutrition continue to improve. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:312–318, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional activation of microgyric visual cortex in a human
Authors: Innocenti Giorgio M. , Maeder Philippe , Knyazeva Maria G. , Fornari Eleonora , Deonna Thierry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on the case of a 20‐year‐old man with bilateral parasagittal parieto‐occipital polymicrogyria and epilepsy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to reversing checkerboard and interhemispheric electroencephalogram coherence changes to moving gratings were investigated. Results of both studies indicate that the polymicrogyric cortex was activated by visual stimuli, suggesting preserved function in the dysplastic area.
Blends of polypropylene with poly(cis‐butadiene) rubber. II. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering studies of the phase structure of immiscible blends of polypropylene with poly(cis‐butadiene) rubber
Authors: Ma Gui‐Qiu , Yuan Xu‐Bo , Sheng Jing , Bian Dong‐Cai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPressed films of the blends of polypropylene (PP) with poly(cis‐butadiene) rubber (PcBR) were studied by IR spectra, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and scanning electron microscopy. The problem of the interaction between different macromolecules in the blends of PP/PcBR is discussed by melt‐mixing at a temperature of 210°C using IR. X‐ray scattering from the relation of the phase was analyzed using Porod's law, and the interface layer thickness was calculated. The immiscibility of the blends of PP/PcBR was proved. The structure parameters, the correlation distance ac, average chord lengths l̄, and radius of gyration R̄g were obtained by the Debye–Buech statistical theory of scattering. Porod's index was calculated and the shape of the dispersed phase is discussed in relation to Porod's index in the blends. The morphology and structure of the blends were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2088–2094, 2002
Kinetic study of a highly active MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst in liquid pool propylene polymerization. II. The influence of alkyl aluminum and alkoxysilane on catalyst activation and deactivation
Authors: Shimizu Fumihiko , Pater Jochem T. M. , Van Swaaij Wim P. M. , Weickert Günter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe influence of alkyl aluminum and alkoxysilane on the kinetics in liquid pool propylene batch polymerization was investigated with a highly active Ziegler–Natta catalyst system that consisted of MgCl2/TiCl4/diester–alkoxysilane/AlR3. In this study, diethyl phthalate and t‐BuEtSi(OMe)2 were used as a diester and an alkoxysilane, respectively. The catalyst activity depended on the concentration of the alkyl aluminum when it came into contact with the catalyst. In addition, alkoxysilane as an external donor had a role in activating the catalyst. With respect to activity decay, the overreduction of Ti did not seem to be the cause. Instead, the decay rate decreased with an increasing alkoxysilane/catalyst ratio. This implied that activity decay was caused by the formation of dormant sites after 2,1‐misinsertion of propylene. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2669–2679, 2002
Synthesis and characterization of CdS nanocrystals embedded on solid electrolyte films
Authors: Liu Yinfeng , Chen Lai , Su Bei , Huang Aiming , Hua Jiadong , Sang Wenbin , Min Jiahua , Meng Zhongyan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article nano‐sized CdS crystal embedded in a PEO matrix was successfully prepared by a complex transformation method that is universal for preparing nanosized compounds containing transition metals. The size of embedded CdS particles was in the nanoscale from 2 to 10 nm determined by X‐ray diffusion. The nanosized CdS displayed the expected blue shift of the onset absorbance in the UV spectrum. The amount of blue shift depends upon the dipping time of the PEO–cadmium complex film in a sodium sulfide solution as well as its concentration. The most effective means for adjusting the size of CdS nanocrystals is to change the ratio of the oxygen along with the PEO chain to the cadmium ion in the complex film. The alkali salt in the film would contribute to the conductivity of the composite film. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1263–1268, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10459
Shear viscosity, extensional viscosity, and die swell of polypropylene in capillary flow with pressure dependency
Authors: Huang Jan‐Chan , Leong Kim‐Sweet 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe shear and extensional viscosities of a polypropylene resin were studied using a capillary rheometer and capillary dies of 1‐mm diameter and length of 10, 20, and 30 mm. Melt temperatures at 190, 205, and 220°C and shear rates between 100 and 5000 s−1 were used. At the highest shear rate a visible melt fracture was observed. An equation relating the pressure drop and die length was derived with consideration of pressure effects on melt viscosities and the end effect. After the correction for pressure effects the true wall shear stress and end effect at zero pressure were calculated. The end effect showed a critical stress of melt fracture around 105 Pa, and increased rapidly when shear stress increased above the critical stress. From shear stress the shear viscosity was calculated, and a power law behavior was observed. Extensional viscosity was calculated from the end effect and showed a decreasing trend when strain rate increased. After time–temperature superposition shift shear viscosity data correlated well, but an upward trend was observed in extensional viscosity when melt fracture occurred. Die swell ratio at different temperatures can be plotted as a function of wall shear stress and was higher for shorter dies. © 2002 Wiley Perioodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1269–1276, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10466
Synthesis and spectral investigation of alkyl methacrylates with halogenated carbazolyl pendant groups for photonics applications
Authors: Bogdal D. , Yashchuk V. , Pielichowski J. , Ogul'Chansky T. , Warzala M. , Kudrya V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe alkyl methacrylates with halogenated carbazolyl pendant groups were prepared, and the analysis of their absorption and emission spectra showed that the polymers containing monohalogenatged carbazole rings were capable of exhibiting a high singlet‐triplet (S‐T) conversion. The reasons that mainly triplet excitons could be observed in such polymers and additional bands appearance in the spectra of the polymers with dihalogenated carbazole rings are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1650–1656, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10469
Interaction between wood and polyurethane‐alkyd lacquer resulting in a decrease in the glass transition temperature
Authors: Backman A. C. , Lindberg K. A. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe long‐term properties of paint and glue are of great interest to both manufacturers and users of these materials. If a good bond is achieved, the surface between the wood and the paint or glue will be less susceptible to degradation. Thus, the wood and polymer must be compatible and develop some kind of bonding force between them. A high degree of interaction between wood and commercial polyurethane‐alkyd lacquer was shown as a decrease by 10°C of the glass transition temperature (Tg) for the lacquer on wood compared to the pure lacquer. The lacquer also demonstrated good adhesion to wood at a microscale. The interaction was investigated with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy fractography. The reason for the decrease in Tg is probably because of the lacquer having a higher free volume when applied to the wood, most likely due to it being subjected to tensile forces developed during the drying of the lacquer. Results from investigations of wood impregnated with two different acrylates, a polymethylmethacrylate and a more hydrophilic acrylate, support the suggestion that a decrease in Tg will occur if the polymer adheres to wood, but that poor interaction with little or no adhesion will result in no decrease in Tg. This article also presents results of the dynamic mechanical behavior of Scots Pine in the tangential direction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 595–605, 2002
Considerations on the macromolecular structure of chestnut ellagitannins by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Pasch H. , Pizzi A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe rather novel picture of chestnut wood tannin, in situ in the wood, which emerges from matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) is that of a pervasive and extended random tridimensional macromolecular network, formed by pentagalloylglucose clusters linked to each other, to form chains and encrust the wood constituents matrix. Up to pentagalloylglucose trimers were identified in the MALDI‐TOF analysis of the commercial chestnut tannin extract, which were clearly degradation products of more extensive chains likely to be present in situ in the wood before extraction, in the network through polygallic/polyellagic chains or flavogallonic acid bridges. The hydrolyzable chestnut tannin network is capable of being extracted, to yield the commercial chestnut tannin extract exclusively by its degradation, a degradation that is possible only because of the susceptibility to hydrolysis of the ester bridges holding the network together. Internal rearrangements of the fragments formed by the extraction appear to occur readily and with ease, to yield a variety of structures characterized by the presence of ellagic acid residues, flavogallonic acid residues, and also, but less readily, nonahydroxytriphnoic acid residues. The other main constituents of the commercial tannin extract, castalagin and vescalagin, are shown to be simply the more stable degradation plus internal rearrangement products derived from the hydrolysis of polypentagalloylglucose chains. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 429–437, 2002
Microhardness and water sorption in injection‐molded starch
Authors: Ania F. , Dunkel M. , Bayer R. K. , Baltá‐Calleja F. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe microhardness of injection‐molded potato starch was investigated in relation to the water sorption mechanism. The creep behavior under the indenter and the temperature dependence of the microhardness are reported. The influence of the drying time on microhardness, weight loss and density changes for materials with different injection‐molding temperatures is highlighted. Results reveal the role of the various mechanisms of water evaporation involved. The occurring structural mechanisms are discussed in terms of the gradual transformation of single helices of amylose and amylopectin into a network structure of double helices and the partial destruction of this structure. Experiments on starch samples, heated at 200°C, suggested the occurrence of an extreme densification of the network hindering the water adsorption in a humid atmosphere. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1246–1252, 2002
Super polyolefin blends achieved via dynamic packing injection molding: Tensile strength
Authors: Wang Yong , Zou Hao , Fu Qiang , Zhang Gong , Shen Kaizhi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe tensile strength of some polyolefin blends, HDPE/PP, HDPE/LDPE, HDPE/ LLDPE, and PP/LLDPE, achieved by dynamic packing injection molding have been investigated as a function of composition and melt temperature. Molecular architecture and phase behavior play an important role in chain orientation, hence the tensile strength. For HDPE, which has a linear structure, the highest enhancement of tensile strength is obtained. LDPE, which has a highly branched structure, the smallest enhancement is seen. PP and LLDPE lie in between. Super polyolefin blends with high tensile strength and high elongation have been obtained by this method. The shear‐induced morphologies with core in the center, oriented zone surrounding the core and skin layer were observed in the cross‐section areas of the samples. The tensile strength was found to be directly proportional to the area of the oriented zone. When the area of oriented zone is less than 35%, the tensile strength is not only the orientation dependency but the blending components dependency as well. When the area of oriented zone is more than 35%, however, our new finding is that the orientation will be the dominating parameter to determine the tensile strength of the blends, independent of the components, the composition, molecular architecture, phase behavior, and crystal morphology. The maximum tensile strength for all the polyolefin blends is extrapolated as to 230MPa, as the area of oriented zone reaches to 100%. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 236–243, 2002
Novel dibutyltin oxide–tributyl phosphate condensate as accelerator for the curing of the epoxy resin/4,4′‐diamino diphenyl sulfone system. I. Chemical reactions and properties of the cured resin
Authors: Xu Jianjun , Song Rui , Wu Qi , Yu Yunzhao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA crystalline condensate of dibutyltin oxide and tributyl phosphate (Sn‐P‐c) was more effective than the stannous octoate and dibutyltin dilaurate in accelerating the curing of the epoxy resin/4,4′‐diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) system, based on an equal tin concentration. Water took part in the reaction and played an important role in the morphology and mechanical properties of the cured resin when Sn‐P‐c was used as the accelerator. In the presence of Sn‐P‐c, water first reacted with glycidyl ether to yield glycerol ether; the yielded hydroxyl group may further catalyze the amino/epoxy group reaction. In the absence of water or polar hydroxyl additives, Sn‐P‐c did not completely dissolve in the resin systems, and the cured resin was translucent material with poor mechanical strength. In the presence of a small amount of water, the cured material became transparent. Both flexural strength and maximum deflection were increased greatly. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1229–1236, 2001