bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data analytic trends and training in strategic management
Authors: Shook Christopher L. , Ketchen David J. , Cycyota Cynthia S. , Crockett Dilene 
Published: November 2003

AbstractData analysis is a key element of the research process. Accordingly, appropriate doctoral training in data analysis is vital to the strategic management field's future. We used a two‐study design to evaluate quantitative data analysis trends and doctoral training. An analysis of Strategic Management Journal articles from 1980 to 2001 reveals that, contrary to some predictions, the use of general linear model techniques such as regression has increased over time. However, the use of more specialized techniques, including those suitable for examining longitudinal data, discrete events, and causal structure, has also grown substantially. A survey of recent doctoral graduates shows that, although skilled with general linear models, many are ill prepared to use specialized techniques. Based on our findings, we offer suggestions aimed at bridging gaps between what doctoral students (and other researchers) know and what they need to know about data analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between fish condition and the probability of being mature in American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)
Authors: Morgan M. Joanne 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Fish condition can be related to a population's reproductive potential in a variety of ways. The relationship between condition and the probability of being mature (adult) was examined in three populations of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides). The effect of condition was tested after first removing the known effects of age and length. Neither relative liver condition nor relative body condition significantly affected the probability of male American plaice being mature, but there was a significant positive effect of both condition indices on the probability of being a mature female. However, the additional variation explained by female condition was small when compared with the combined effect of age and length. Condition is related to the age and size at which fish attain adulthood. Variation in fish condition will have a direct impact on the spawning stock biomass of a population through differences in the maturation schedule of cohorts with differing condition.
Cardiovascular responses to the change from the left lateral to the upright position in pregnant hypertensives
Authors: Dyer R.A. , Anthony J. , Ledeboer Q. , James M.F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: To evaluate by non‐invasive means, the autonomically mediated changes in heart rate and blood pressure in response to postural change in pregnancy. Method: Ninety‐one patients were studied, of whom 17 were non‐pregnant controls, 21 were normotensive parturients, 22 had non‐proteinuric hypertension, and 31 were pre‐eclamptics. In all patients the heart rate and blood pressure response to the change from the left lateral to the erect position was measured non‐invasively, during the third trimester in the pregnant groups. Results: The change from the left lateral to the erect position induced significantly greater mean changes (increases) in systolic blood pressure in the normotensive pregnant (PC) women than all other groups (P<0.05). Pre‐eclamptic patients (PE) exhibited significantly less of an increase in systolic blood pressure than the non‐proteinuric hypertensive (H) group. Both the H and PC groups showed significantly greater increases in diastolic pressure than the non‐pregnant (NP) group. PE patients had a significantly smaller increase in diastolic pressure than the H group. There were no significant differences between heart rate changes when comparing the PC, NP and H groups. The PE group exhibited a significantly greater increase in heart rate on adopting the erect position than all other groups. Conclusions: Pre‐eclamptics exhibit smaller changes in blood pressure than normotensive pregnant patients and non‐proteinuric hypertensives on standing, while producing an exaggerated heart rate response, indicating altered autonomic compensatory mechanisms in these patients.
Differences in the distribution of CD34 epitopes on normal haemopoietic progenitor cells and leukaemic blast cells
Authors: Steen Rita , TjØnnfjord Geir E. , Gaudernack Gustav , Brinch Lorentz , Egeland Torstein 
Published: November 2003

The CD34 molecule expressed on haemopoietic progenitor cells contains a large number of epitopes whose expression may be related to the maturation or function of the cells. Monoclonal antibodies specific for different epitopes have been reported to detect different numbers of CD34+ leukaemic blast cells. We wanted to confirm this observation and study whether parallel findings could be observed for normal haemopoietic progenitor cells. The cells were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry with a series of monoclonal antibodies reactive with different CD34 epitopes. Class III epitopes (resistant to enzymatic cleavage with neuraminidase, chymopapain and a glycoprotease from Pasteurella haemolytica) showed a broader distribution on normal haemopoietic progenitor cells and leukaemic blast cells than class I epitopes (sensitive to cleavage with all three enzymes) and class II epitopes (sensitive to degradation with glycoprotease and chymopapain, and resistant to neuraminidase). The subpopulation of normal progenitor cells which exclusively expressed class III epitopes had flow cytometric characteristics compatible with mature myeloid progenitor cells, whereas class I, II and III epitopes were equally expressed on cells enriched for immature subsets. No discordant epitope expression could be observed for the more immature leukaemias (AML‐M0/1) and a higher percentage of the more mature leukaemic blast cells (AML‐M3 and AML‐M4/5) expressed class III epitopes compared to the percentage expressing class I and II epitopes.These data indicate that CD34 class III epitopes are more broadly distributed on normal haemopoietic progenitor cells and leukaemic blast cells than class I and II epitopes, and that class I and II epitopes may be down‐regulated prior to class III epitopes during normal haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. These findings should be considered when selecting CD34 mabs for quantification and positive selection of haemopoietic progenitor cells for research and clinical purposes.
Transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor cells from HLA‐identical sibling donors
Authors: Schmitz Norbert , Bacigalupo Andrea , Labopin Myriam , Majolino Ignazio , Laporte Jean‐Philippe , Brinch Lorentz , Cook Gordon , Deliliers Giorgio Lambertenghi , Lange Andrzej , Rozman Ciril , Garcia‐Conde Javier , Finke Jürgen , Domingo‐Albos Andrieu , Gratwohl Alois 
Published: November 2003

Transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) has largely replaced autologous bone marrow transplantation. The same might occur in the allogeneic setting if the favourable initial experience with allogeneic PBPCT is confirmed. We analysed all primary transplants utilizing unmodified PBPC from HLA‐identical sibling donors reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) for 1994. 59 patients with a median age of 39 years received myeloablative therapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia (23 patients), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (13), chronic myelogenous leukaemia (nine), lymphoma (seven), or other diagnoses (seven) mostly of advanced stages followed by transplantation of allogeneic PBPC.Three patients died soon after grafting, the others showed prompt haemopoietic recovery with median times to recover an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) above 0.5 and 1.0×109/l of 15 (range 9–27) and 17 d (range 10–28) respectively. Time to platelet recovery above 20 or 50×109/l was 16 (range 9–76) and 18 d (range 12–100) respectively. 27 patients (46%) developed no or mild acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). The incidence of moderate (grade II) disease was 27%; 24% of the patients developed severe acute GVHD (grades III or IV). 55% of patients who were alive 90 d after transplantation developed chronic GVHD, the probability to develop extensive chronic GVHD was 32% (95% confidence interval 22–42) with a median follow‐up of 14 months. Overall and event‐free survival (EFS) at 1 year were 54% (CI 48–60) and 50% (CI 43–57), respectively, the relapse incidence was 23% (CI 17–29). EFS was 67% (CI 55–79) in patients transplanted for acute leukaemias in first complete remission, chronic myelogenous leukaemia in first chronic phase, or severe aplastic anaemia.Transplantation of allogeneic PBPC resulted in prompt and durable engraftment. The incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD seemed comparable to that observed after allogeneic BMT. Overall and event‐free survival in this cohort of patients, most of whom suffered from advanced leukaemia or lymphoma, is encouraging, suggesting that the high numbers of T lymphocytes and/or natural killer cells contained in a typical PBPC collection product exert a vigorous graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect. Further evaluation of allogeneic PBPCT is highly desirable.
Biochemical, histomorphometric and densitometric changes in patients with multiple myeloma: effects of glucocorticoid therapy and disease activity
Authors: Diamond T. , Levy S. , Day P. , Barbagallo S. , Manoharan A. , Kwan Y. K. 
Published: November 2003

It is unknown whether bone changes which can occur in multiple myeloma (MM) are due to cytokine‐induced osteoclastic bone resorption from a clone of abnormal plasma cells or high‐dose glucocorticoid therapy.We studied 25 MM patients treated for 1–12 years with combination chemotherapy, subdivided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 12 patients with stage I and II myeloma and group 2 consisted of 13 patients with stage III MM. Their serum biochemistry, tetracycline‐labelled bone histomorphometry and bone densitometry were compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls.Patients with MM demonstrated increased indices of bone resorption (P<0.001 versus controls) and, to a lesser extent, increased indices of bone formation (P<0.01 versus controls). No patient had evidence of a mineralization defect.Lumbar spine, femoral neck and total body bone mineral density measurements (BMD) were significantly lower in group 2 compared with group 1 (P<0.05). Following 12 months of therapy, lumbar spine BMD decreased by 6.6% (95% CI, 2.7% to −9.3%) and femoral neck BMD decreased by 9.5% (95% CI, −3.2% to −15.9%). In a stepwise regression analysis, cumulative prednisolone dosage (B Coef.=−0.39; P=0.03) and plasma cell infiltrate (B Coef.=−0.08; P=0.05) were the most important predictors of lumbar spine bone loss, whereas serum paraprotein (B Coef.=−0.35; P=0.02) and plasma cell infiltrate (B Coef.=−0.20; P=0.04) were the most important predictors of femoral neck bone loss.We conclude that MM is characterized by high bone turnover with osteoblast–osteoclast uncoupling. Both disease activity and high‐dose glucocorticoid therapy may be responsible for the ongoing bone loss seen with MM.
Spleen sizing by ultrasound in polycythaemia and thrombocythaemia: comparison with SPECT
Authors: Messinezy M. , MacDonald L. M. , Nunan T. O. , Westwood N. B. , Chinn S. , Pearson T. C. 
Published: November 2003

Detection of non‐palpable early splenic enlargement may aid diagnosis of primary polycythaemia (PP) and primary thrombocythaemia (PT). In this study linear spleen sizing by ultrasound has been compared with spleen volume estimation by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in 26 patients. Spleen length by ultrasound correlated well with SPECT volume estimation.Ultrasound spleen length was also measured in 60 normal control subjects where the upper limit of the 95% reference range was 11.6 cm. Changes in spleen length with both age and body weight were substantial and overshadowed the imperfect reproducibility of this method. Therefore, interpretation of an individual's measured spleen length should be in relation to that predicted for adults of the same age and weight, particularly at the extremes of the younger, heavier patients and also the older, lighter patients.Ultrasound spleen lengths of different patient groups (21 PP, 26 PT, 17 idiopathic erythrocytosis, 12 secondary polycythaemia, nine apparent polycythaemia) were compared both using the measured overall reference range and the differences from the values predicted for their age and weight. The comparison showed that almost all patients with PP whose spleens were not palpable had spleen lengths greater than the upper limit for the normal control group, but separation from the other patient groups was incomplete.Detection of non‐palpable splenomegaly by ultrasound length should remain a ‘minor’ criterion amongst the ‘proposed modified diagnostic criteria’ of PP.
Short‐ and long‐term follow‐up of thyroid dysfunction after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation without the use of preparative total body irradiation
Authors: TOUBERT Marie‐Elisabeth , SOCIÉ Gérard , GLUCKMAN Eliane , ARACTINGI Sélim , ESPÉROU Hélène , DEVERGIE Agnès , RIBAUD Patricia , PARQUET Nathalie , SCHLAGETER Marie‐Hélène , BERESSI Jean‐Paul , RAIN Jean‐Didier , VEXIAU Patrick 
Published: November 2003

We studied the incidence and potential prognostic value of thyroid abnormalities after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) without total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning. 77 consecutive patients who received a chemotherapy‐alone‐based conditioning regimen pretransplant were included. Free serum thyroxine (FT4), free serum triiodothyronine (FT3) and serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were assayed before and 3 and 14 months after BMT. Patients were classified in three categories: normal thyroid profile if FT3 and FT4 were within the normal range and TSH was normal or low, peripheral thyroid insufficiency (PTI) if TSH was >4 mIU/l, or an ‘euthyroid sick syndrome’ (ETS) if FT3 and/or FT4 were low and TSH was normal or low. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction at 3 months was 57%, and 29% at 14 months. This was mostly due to the occurrence of ETS which was more frequent at 3 months (48%, 29/61) than at 14 months (19%, 9/48). Furthermore, at 3 months, survival was significantly lower in the ETS group (34.5%) than in the euthyroid group (96.2%), or in the PTI group (83.3%) (P  <  0.0001). PTI was observed even in the absence of TBI in 11 patients (14%) and was equally distributed at 3 months (n  =  6) and 14 months (n  =  5).In conclusion, thyroid dysfunction is not a rare complication even without pretransplant TBI conditioning regimen. Hypothyroidism prevalence was 10%, and ETS, which was more frequently observed, displayed a dismal predictive value at 3 months.
Protein C and protein S in homozygous sickle cell disease: does hepatic dysfunction contribute to low levels?
Authors: Wright J. G. , Malia R. , Cooper P. , Thomas P. , Preston F. E. , Serjeant G. R. 
Published: November 2003

The aim of this study was to confirm reports of low protein C (PC) and S (PS) concentrations in steady‐state patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease when compared to a racially matched normal haemoglobin (AA) control group and to examine the mechanisms of this reduction with respect to hepatic function, coagulation activation and haematological indices.In 36 SS patients and 35 AA race‐matched controls PC (functional and immunoreactive), PS (free and total) were measured. C4B binding protein (C4B) was assessed by immunoelectrophoresis and D‐dimer by ELISA. Hepatic function was assessed by prothrombin (PT) time (49 SS, 64 AA), factor V (34 SS, 36 AA) and factor VII concentrations (28 SS, 29 AA). Proteins induced in vitamin K absence or antagonism (PIVKA) were sought in 12 SS's. The relationship between PC, PS and total bilirubin, haemoglobin (Hb) F and reticulocyte count was also assessed.PC, PS and C4B were lower in SS disease. SS patients had longer PT times, and lower factor V and VII concentrations in comparison to AA controls. PC (functional and immunoreactive) and free PS correlated with PT. Within SS genotype PT correlated negatively with factor V and factor VII. Factor V and VII were positively correlated. PIVKAs were not detected. There was no correlation between PC, PS and D‐dimer, haemolytic rate or Hb F concentration.Prolongation of PT time, low factor V and VII suggest that hepatic dysfunction, rather than coagulation activation or haemolytic rate, accounts for the reduced concentrations of PC and PS in steady‐state SS disease. The absence of PIVKAs suggests a hepatocellular problem.
Transplantation of HLA‐mismatched CD34+ selected cells in patients with advanced malignancies: severe immunodeficiency and related complications
Authors: Bacigalupo A. , Mordini N. , Pitto A. , Piaggio G. , Podestà M. , Benvenuto F. , Van Lint M. T. , Valbonesi M. , Lercari G. , Carlier P. , Lamparelli T. , Gualandi F. , Occhini D. , Bregante S. , Figari O. , Soracco M. , Vassallo F. , De Stefano G. 
Published: November 2003

This trial was designed to test the use of CD34+ selected haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) in HLA‐mismatched donor–recipient pairs, following intensive conditioning with thiotepa, antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), cyclophosphamide and single‐dose total‐body irradiation (sTBI). 10 patients aged 16–50 with advanced malignancies and a two‐ or three‐antigen mismatched family donor entered this study. Donor marrow and G‐CSF primed peripheral blood cells were processed separately on CD34 columns (Ceprate). The median number of infused CD34+ cells were 5.66 × 106/kg, with 0.55 × 106/kg CD3+ cells. Nine patients received cyclosporin for graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. Median neutrophil counts on day 21 were 2 × 109/l with a median platelet count of 60 × 109/l, but CD4 counts remained extremely depressed throughout the study. Acute GvHD was scored as grade 0–I in two patients, as grade II in seven, and grade III in one. Eight patients died at a median interval of 72 d from HSCT (range 20–144) due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) associated interstitial pneumonitis (IP) (n = 5), renal failure (n = 1), GvHD (n = 1) and Aspergillus meningitis (n = 1). Two patients are alive 365–495 d post transplant, one in remission and one in relapse.This study suggests that large numbers of positively selected mismatched HSC can rapidly engraft after intensive conditioning regimen: however, profound post‐transplant immunodeficiency leads to a high risk of lethal infectious complications.
Hyperbilirubinaemia in heterozygous β‐thalassaemia is related to co‐inherited Gilbert's syndrome
Authors: Galanello R. , Perseu L. , Melis M. A. , Cipollina L. , Barella S. , Giagu N. , Turco M. P. , Maccioni O. , Cao A. 
Published: November 2003

The reasons why heterozygotes for β‐thalassaemia have considerable variation in serum bilirubin levels are unkown. High levels of bilirubin could be related to the co‐inherited Gilbert's syndrome, determined either by mutations of the coding region or by variation in the A(TA)nTAA motif of the promoter of the bilirubin UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase gene (UGT‐1). We sequenced the coding and the promoter region of UGT‐1A or characterized the A(TA)nTAA motif of the promoter by denaturing gel electrophoresis of radioactive amplified products. The results were correlated with bilirubin levels in 49 β‐thalassaemia heterozygotes for codon 39 (CAG → TAG) nonsense mutation. 21 normal individuals and 32 unrelated patients with Gilbert's syndrome served as controls. The coding sequence region of the UGT‐1A was normal. Five β‐thalassaemia heterozygotes, who were homozygous for the extra (TA) bases in the A(TA)nTAA element of the promoter of UGT‐1A, the configuration present in homozygosity in Gilbert's syndrome, had higher bilirubin levels compared to those with the (TA)6/(TA)7 or (TA)6/(TA)6 configurations.In the group of 32 patients with Gilbert's syndrome, 31 of whom had the (TA)7/(TA)7 configuration, we detected 14 heterozygotes for β‐thalassaemia, a figure much higher than predicted on the basis of the carrier rate. Homozygosity for the (TA)7 motif, the typical promoter configuration of Gilbert's syndrome, is one of the factors determining hyperbilirubinaemia in heterozygous β‐thalassaemia.
Amount of mpl on bone marrow haemopoietic precursor cells from healthy volunteers and patients with refractory anaemia
Authors: Takeshita Akihiro , Shinjo Kaori , Naito Kensuke , Nakamura Satoki , Izumi Masakazu , Ling Pan , Ohnishi Kazunori , Ohno Ryuzo 
Published: November 2003

Using a non‐isotopic ligand binding assay using multi‐colour flow cytometry, we quantitatively examined the amount of mpl in megakaryocyte‐platelet lineage cells. Firstly, we quantified the amount of mpl on cell lines. Mpl gene‐transfected BaF3 cells expressed a large amount of mpl, whereas original BaF3, K562, HL‐60 and NOMO‐1 cells showed no mpl. In bone marrow cells from healthy volunteers, mpl was expressed on CD34+ cells from the very early stage of differentiation when they had no CD38 antigen. The amount of mpl increased with differentiation to CD34+CD41+ cells, but decreased with further differentiation to CD34−CD41+ cells. In CD34+CD41+ cells the amount of mpl varied according to cell size: abundant in large cells, moderate in medium‐size cells and a little in small cells.In bone marrow cells from patients with refractory anaemia (RA), the amount of mpl was decreased compared with that in bone marrow cells from healthy volunteers. When analysed by the same CD phenotype and same cell size, the amount of mpl was less in RA patients compared with that in healthy volunteers in all phenotypes and sizes tested. The proportion of large CD34+CD41+ cells was less in RA patients than in normal volunteers.
Chronic eosinophilic leukaemia (CEL): a distinct myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Weide Rudolf , Rieder Harald , Mehraein Yasemien , Wolf Martin , Kaiser Ulrich , Seifart Ulf , Görg Christian , Havemann Klaus 
Published: November 2003

Chronic eosinophilic leukaemia has not yet been clearly defined, mainly due to the fact that it has not been conclusively shown as a monoclonal disease which should be separated from chronic myelogenous leukaemia, acute myelogenous leukaemia with eosinophilia (AML, FAB M4Eo), and the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.We report a patient with a white blood cell count of 17.6 × 109/l with 74% eosinophils, normal platelet count and haemoglobin. No blasts were seen in the peripheral blood and the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow was <3%. A diagnosis of chronic eosinophilic leukaemia was made. Chromosome analysis of a bone marrow aspirate disclosed a trisomy 15 together with loss of the Y chromosome. Moreover, FISH analysis on May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa‐stained peripheral blood smears demonstrated trisomy 15 in the eosinophils. 3 months after initial diagnosis the patient went into blast crisis and died. The blast cells exhibited trisomy 15 and loss of the Y chromosome in a complex, aberrant karyotype.In conclusion, the case shows that chronic eosinophilic leukaemia is a monoclonal, myeloproliferative disease with eosinophils as part of the malignant clone. Clinically, chronic eosinophilic leukaemia can be separated into a chronic phase and a blast crisis.