bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmological constraints on the $$R^2$$-corrected Appleby–Battye model
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno , Bernui Armando , Campista Marcela 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNowadays, efforts are being devoted to the study of alternative cosmological scenarios, in which, modifications of the General Relativity theory have been proposed to explain the late cosmic acceleration without assuming the existence of the dark energy component. In this scenario, we investigate the $$R^2$$

R
2

-corrected Appleby–Battye model, or $$R^2$$

R
2

-AB model, which consists of an f(R) model with only one extra free parameter b, besides the cosmological parameters of the flat-$$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM model: $$H_0$$

H
0

and $$\varOmega _{m,0}$$

Ω

m
,
0

. Regarding this model, it was already shown that a positive value for b is required for the model to be consistent with Solar System tests, moreover, the condition for the existence of a de Sitter state requires $$b \ge 1.6$$

b
≥
1.6

. To impose observational constraints on the $$R^2$$

R
2

-AB model we consider three datasets: 31 H(z) measurements from Cosmic Chronometers (CC), 20 $$[{f\sigma }_{8}](z)$$

[

f
σ

8

]

(
z
)

measurements from Redshift-Space Distortion (RSD), and the most recent type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) sample from Pantheon+. Next, we perform two diferent analyses: we have cosidered only SNe Ia data and the combined likelihood SNe$$+$$
+
CC$$+$$
+
RSD. The first one has provided $$b=2.28^{+6.52}_{-0.55}$$

b
=
2
.

28

-
0.55

+
6.52

, while the second one $$b=2.18^{+5.41}_{-0.55}$$

b
=
2
.

18

-
0.55

+
5.41

. In the first case it was necessary to set the absolute magnitude $$M_B = -19.253$$

M
B

=
-
19.253

from SH0ES collaboration, while in the second we did a marginalization over the Hubble constant $$H_0$$

H
0

in the normalized growth function. We have also observed that the $$H_0-M_B$$

H
0

-

M
B

degenerecency was broken by adding CC data to the SNe data. Additionally, we perform illustrative analyses that compare this f(R) model with the flat-$$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM model, considering several values of the parameter b, for diverse cosmological functions like the Hubble function H(z), the equation of state $$w_\textrm{eff}(z)$$

w
eff

(
z
)

, the parametrized growth rate of cosmic structures $$[f \sigma _8](z)$$

[
f

σ
8

]

(
z
)

, and $$\sigma _8(z)$$

σ
8

(
z
)

. From our results, we conclude that the $$R^2$$

R
2

-AB model fits well current observational data, although the model parameter b was not unambiguously constrained in the analyses.
Study of quasinormal modes, greybody factors, and thermodynamics within a regular MOG black hole surrounded by quintessence
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad , Jawad Abdul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, we consider a regular black hole (BH) surrounded by quintessence in the scalar–vector–tensor (S–V–T) version of modified gravity (MOG). We examine the implications of the presence of a quintessence scalar field on astrophysical observable such as quasinormal modes (QNMs), greybody factors (GFs), and thermodynamics. In the vicinity of the MOG BH with quintessence, we calculate the effective potential generated by scalar and electromagnetic field perturbation, and then use the sixth order WKB method to compute the frequencies of the QNMs under these perturbations. We also study the impact of the MOG parameter $$\alpha $$
α
and the quintessence parameter c on QNM frequencies. Our investigation reveals that the combined effects of $$\alpha $$
α
and c parameters lead to significant decrease in oscillation frequencies, while the imaginary part generally rises. We then examine the GFs associated with the BH and found that as the model parameters $$\alpha $$
α
and c increase, GF also increases, and thus less scattering. Additionally, we investigate the thermodynamic quantities and geometries for asymptotically expanded MOG BH. Through heat capacities, Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, it is observed that this BH shows the stable behavior for various choices of the state parameter of the quintessence $$\omega $$
ω
. It is also interesting to mentioned here that Weinhold geometry exhibits the repulsive nature and Ruppiener geometry provides the attractive nature of MOG on the particles for most of the choices of $$\omega $$
ω
.
Uncertainty principle from the noise of gravitons
Authors: Sen Soham , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe effect of the noise induced by gravitons in the case of a freely falling particle from the viewpoint of an external observer has been recently calculated in Phys. Rev. D 107, 066024 (2023). There the authors have calculated the quantum gravity modified Newton’s law of free fall where the spacetime has been considered to be weakly curved. In our work, we extend this work by calculating the variance in the velocity and eventually the momentum of the freely falling massive particle. From this simple calculation, we observe that the product of the standard deviation in the position with that of the standard deviation in momentum picks up a higher order correction which is proportional to the square of the standard deviation in momentum. We also find out that in the Planck limit (both Planck length and Planck mass), this uncertainty product gives the well-known form of the generalized uncertainty principle. We then calculate a similar uncertainty product when the graviton is in a squeezed state, and eventually, we get back the same uncertainty product. Finally, we extend our analysis for the gravitons being in a thermal state and obtain a temperature-dependent uncertainty product. If one replaces this temperature with the Planck temperature and the mass of the particle by the Planck mass, the usual uncertainty product appears once again. We also obtain an upper bound of the uncertainty product thereby giving a range of the product of the variances in position and momentum.
A characterization of quasipositive two-bridge knots
Authors: Ozbagci Burak , Orevkov Stepan 
Published: February 2024

We prove a simple necessary and sufficient condition for a two-bridge knot [Formula: see text] to be quasipositive, based on the continued fraction expansion of [Formula: see text]. As an application, coupled with some classification results in contact and symplectic topology, we give a new proof of the fact that smoothly slice two-bridge knots are non-quasipositive. Another proof of this fact using methods within the scope of knot theory is presented in Appendix A, by Stepan Orevkov.
Semi-Additive Integer-Valued Production Technology for Analyzing Public Hospitals in Mashhad
Authors: Ghiyasi Mojtaba , Cook Wade D. 
Published: February 2024

Conventional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models assume real-valued input-output data and ignore the collaboration among decision-making units (DMUs) in the analysis of efficiency. This paper proposes a novel DEA production technology that is capable of dealing with the collaboration concept and resource sharing for both integer and real-valued data in the efficiency measurement and target setting. This is accomplished by way of a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) efficiency analysis model. We also deal with the computational aspect of the proposed model and invent a MILP with the computational complexity of [Formula: see text] rather than [Formula: see text]. We explain the proposed models by numerical examples and graphical illustrations. We apply our models for efficiency analysis of 15 governmental (public) hospitals in Mashhad City in Iran and demonstrate the practical relevance and advanced future of the proposed methods.
Null geodesic structure for the Barriola–Vilenkin spacetime via k-essence
Authors: Majumder Bivash , Ray Saibal , Manna Goutam 
Published: February 2024

Based on the work of Chandrasekhar [The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes, Chap. 3, Sec. 20 (Oxford University Press, 1992)], we investigate the null geodesic structure of the emergent Barriola–Vilenkin (BV) spacetime in the context of k-essence theory. For k-essence, the emergent gravity metric is a one-to-one correspondence with the BV metric connected to the Schwarzschild background, where the global monopole charge is replaced by the dark energy density. This equivalence holds specifically for a certain class of k-essence scalar fields that have been constructed by Gangopadhyay and Manna [Eur. Phys. Lett. 100, 49001 (2012)]. We have traced out different trajectories for null geodesic in the presence of dark energy for the k-essence emergent BV spacetime. It is demonstrated that the outcomes deviate from the typical Schwarzschild spacetime owing to the fundamental configuration with a constant dark energy density.
RATIONALE FOR DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE SECOND GENERATION OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC PROSTHESIS
Authors: VARGAS-ALCARAZ EPIFANIO , ESPINOSA-BAUTISTA ADRIAN 
Published: February 2024

First-generation intervertebral disc prostheses (IDPs) have well-established design fea-tures, but an inconsistent functional performance and they are not entirely accepted for clinical use. Currently, second-generation IDPs aim to overcome first-generation problems. Design features and performance of IDPs are related from first- to second-generation, but the relationship is unclear. In 1990, Hedman et al. determined design criteria for the first generation, but the lit-erature has not reported any further criteria for the second generation. This paper is focused on design criteria for second-generation prostheses, clarifying the relationship between the design features and performance of IDPs. We analyzed biomechanical prop-erties of natural intervertebral discs and technological evolution of IDPs to characterize functional performance. A group of functional parameters were identified. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding design criteria showed inconsistent and ambiguous criteria. So, a structure of criteria based on information content is proposed to avoid these conflicts. The criteria are structured into three parts including the functional parameters. In a straight relation to functionality, three design criteria are sufficient to evaluate holistically the features of the second-generation IDPs. The criteria avoid the absence or incongruence of information of the design features and relate the performance of IDP to its features in the route to overcome functional problems.
Ultrasparse Ultrasparsifiers and Faster Laplacian System Solvers
Authors: Jambulapati Arun , Sidford Aaron 
Published: February 2024

In this paper we provide an
O
(
m
loglog

O
(1)

n
log (1/ϵ))-expected time algorithm for solving Laplacian systems on
n
-node
m
-edge graphs, improving upon the previous best expected runtime of

\(O(m \sqrt {\log n} \mathrm{log log}^{O(1)} n \log (1/\epsilon)) \)

achieved by (Cohen, Kyng, Miller, Pachocki, Peng, Rao, Xu 2014). To obtain this result we provide efficient constructions of low spectral stretch graph approximations with improved stretch and sparsity bounds. As motivation for this work, we show that for every set of vectors in

\(\mathbb {R}^d \)

(not just those induced by graphs) and all integer
k
> 1 there exist an ultra-sparsifier with
d
− 1 +
O
(
d
/
k
) re-weighted vectors of relative condition number at most
k
2
. For small
k
, this improves upon the previous best known multiplicative factor of

\(k \cdot \tilde{O}(\log d) \)

, which is only known for the graph case. Additionally, in the graph case we employ our low-stretch subgraph construction to obtain
n
− 1 +
O
(
n
/
k
)-edge ultrasparsifiers of relative condition number
k

1 +
o
(1)

for
k
=
ω
(log

δ

n
) for any
δ
> 0: this improves upon the previous work for
k
=
o
(exp (log

1/2 −
δ

n
)).
An Efficient FPGA Architecture with Turn-Restricted Switch Boxes
Authors: Hassani Fatemeh Serajeh , Sadrosadati Mohammad , Rohbani Nezam , Pointner Sebastian , Wille Robert , Sarbazi-Azad Hamid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGAs) employ a large number of SRAM cells to provide a flexible routing architecture which have a significant impact on the FPGA’s area and power consumption. This flexible routing allows for a rather easy realization of the desired functionality, but our evaluations show that the full routing flexibility is not required in many occasions. In this work, we focus on what is actually needed and introduce a new switch-box realization what we call
Turn-Restricted Switch-Boxes
which supports only a subset of possible turns. The proposed method increases the utilization rate of FPGA switch-boxes by eliminating the unemployed resources. Experimental evaluations confirm that the area and average power consumption can be reduced by 12.8% and 14.1%, on average, respectively and the FPGA routing susceptibility to SEU and MBU can be improved by 18.2%, on average, by imposing negligible performance.

1
Effects of Different Inspiratory Muscle Training Protocols on Exercise Capacity, Respiratory Muscle Strength, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Hüzmeli İrem , Katayıfçı Nihan , Yalçın Fatih , Hüzmeli Esra Doğru 
Published: February 2024

Aim. This study aimed to explore how varying inspiratory muscle training workloads affect exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HrQoL), depression, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue, and physical activity levels in hypertension (HT) patients. Methods. A randomized, controlled three-arm study. Forty-five patients (58.37 ± 8.53 y, 7F/38M) with HT received IMT (7 days/8 weeks) by POWERbreathe® Classic LR device and were randomized to control group (CG, 10% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), n: 15), low-load group (LLG, 30% MIP), and high-load group (HLG, %50 MIP). Exercise capacity, HrQoL, depression, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, fatigue, physical activity level, dyspnea, and sleep quality were evaluated before and after the training. Results. Exercise capacity, physical functioning, peripheral muscle strength, and resting dyspnea were statistically significantly improved in HLG and LLG after the training compared to CG p<0.05. Similar improvements in perception of depression, fatigue, and sleep quality were seen within and between the groups p>0.05. Statistically significant differences were found within all the groups in terms of MIP and PEF values of respiratory functions p<0.05. The superior improvement in the physical activity level was found in the HLG p<0.05. Discussion. High-load IMT was particularly effective in increasing physical activity level, peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, and improved HrQoL. Low-load IMT was effective in reducing dyspnea and improving respiratory function. Device-guided breathing exercises decreased blood pressure, improved sleep quality, and strengthened respiratory muscles. IMT, an efficient method, is suggested for inclusion in rehabilitation programs due to its capacity to increase physical activity, exercise capacity, and peripheral muscle strength, enhance HrQoL and respiratory function, and alleviate dyspnea. Also, the efficacy of IMT should be investigated with different training protocols such as endurance IMT or functional IMT in HT patients.
Neural Reward Anticipation Moderates Longitudinal Relation between Parents' Familism Values and Latinx American Youth's School Disengagement
Authors: Devakonda Varun , Zhou Zexi , Yang Beiming , Qu Yang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Parents' familism values predict a variety of Latinx American youth's academic adjustment. However, it is unclear how cultural values such as familism interact with youth's brain development, which is sensitive to sociocultural input, to shape their academic adjustment. Using a sample of 1916 Latinx American youth (mean age = 9.90 years, SD = .63 years; 50% girls) and their primary caregivers (mean age = 38.43 years, SD = 6.81 years; 90% mothers) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, this study examined the longitudinal relation between parents' familism values and youth's school disengagement, as well as the moderating role of youth's neural sensitivity to personal reward. Parents' familism values predicted youth's decreased school disengagement 1 year later, adjusting for their baseline school disengagement and demographic covariates. Notably, this association was more salient among youth who showed lower (vs. higher) neural activation in the ventral striatum and the lateral OFC during the anticipation of a personal reward. These findings underscore the protective role of familism for Latinx American youth, highlighting the necessity of developing culturally informed interventions that take into consideration a youth's brain development.
Adverse pregnancy, fetal and neonatal outcomes in women with sickle cell disease in a Middle Eastern country
Authors: Saif Said AL Harthi Salwa , Arulappan Judie , Al Yazeedi Basma , Al Zaabi Asma Hassan Salmeen 
Published: February 2024

Background: Sickle cell disease in pregnancy is associated with high maternal and fetal mortality. However, studies reporting pregnancy, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in women with sickle cell disease are extremely limited. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to determine whether women with sickle cell disease have a greater risk of adverse pregnancy, fetal, and neonatal outcomes than women without sickle cell disease and identify the predictors of adverse pregnancy, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in women with sickle cell disease. Design: A retrospective pair-matched case-control study was conducted to compare 171 pregnant women with sickle cell disease to 171 pregnant women without sickle cell disease in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Methods: All pregnant Omani women with sickle cell disease who delivered between January 2015 and August 2021 at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital and Royal Hospital, who were either primipara or multipara and who had a gestational age of 24–42 weeks, were included as patients, whereas women who had no sickle cell disease or any comorbidity during pregnancy, who delivered within the same timeframe and at the same hospitals, were recruited as controls. The data were retrieved from electronic medical records and delivery registry books between January 2015 and August 2021. Results: Women with sickle cell disease who had severe anemia had increased odds of (χ2 = 58.56, p < 0.001) having adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with sickle cell disease had 21.97% higher odds of delivering a baby with intrauterine growth retardation (χ2 = 17.80, unadjusted odds ratio = 2.91–166.13, p < 0.001). Newborns born to women with sickle cell disease had 3.93% greater odds of being admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (χ2 = 16.80, unadjusted odds ratio = 1.97–7.84, p < 0.001). In addition, the children born to women with sickle cell disease had 10.90% higher odds of being born with low birth weight (χ2 = 56.92, unadjusted odds ratio = 5.36–22.16, p < 0.001). Hemoglobin level (odds ratio = 0.17, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 0.10–3.0), past medical history (odds ratio = 7.95, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 2.39–26.43), past surgical history (odds ratio = 17.69, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 3.41–91.76), and preterm delivery (odds ratio = 9.48, p = 0.005, 95% confidence interval = 1.95–46.23) were identified as predictors of adverse pregnancy, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in women with sickle cell disease. Conclusion: As pregnant women with sickle cell disease are at increased risk for pregnancy, fetal, and neonatal adverse outcomes; improved antenatal surveillance and management may improve the outcomes.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Diagnostic Frequency and Medical Therapies Applied to Subjects With Functional Seizures
Authors: Schaefer Bennett Grace , Naik Sunil , Krawiec Conrad 
Published: February 2024

Background and Purposes The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with catastrophic consequences and increased psychological distress. However, it is unknown if the pandemic impacted the frequency of functional seizures (FS), a well known manifestation of psychiatric disease. The study objectives are to evaluate FS diagnostic code frequency before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and the therapies applied. We hypothesized that FS frequency would be higher during the pandemic, but that the therapies applied would be similar between the two time periods. Methods This was a retrospective observational cohort study utilizing the TriNetX ® electronic health record (EHR) database. We included subjects aged 8 to 65 years with a diagnostic code of “conversion disorder with seizures or convulsions.” After the query, the study population was divided into 2 groups [pre-COVID-19 (3/1/2018 to 2/29/2020) and COVID-19 (3/1/2020 to 2/28/2022). We analyzed subject demographics, diagnostic, procedure, and medication codes. Results We included 8680 subjects [5029 (57.9%) pre-COVID-19 and 3651 (42.1%) COVID-19] in this study. There was a higher odds of mental health conditions, anxiolytic prescription, emergency department services, and hospital services, but a lower odds of critical care services during COVID-19. There was no difference in antiepileptic use between the time periods. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, a higher odds of anxiolytic use, need for emergency department services, and hospital services was reported. In addition, there was a decreased odds of critical care services. This may reflect a change in how patients with FS were managed during the pandemic.
Gram negative bacteria related urinary tract infections: spectrum of antimicrobial resistance over 9 years in a University tertiary referral Hospital
Authors: Nedbal Carlotta , Mahobia Nitin , Browning Dave , Somani Bhaskar Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Overuse of antibiotics has led to an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide, with a negative impact on the healthcare system and the patients. In this context, our study aims to assess the current AMR patterns of urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated to Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, we provide useful information for doctors dealing with prophylactic and therapeutic empiric therapies. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed more than 650,000 urine cultures collected in the Microbiology Department of a referral University Hospital of Southern England from January 2014 to December 2022. Results: AMR spectra for 164,059 Gram-negative associated (UTIs) were analysed. The lowest percentage of resistance was found for Amikacin (2.30%), Gentamicin (5.89%) and Co-Amoxiclav (10.49%). Over a 9-year time, there was no significant change in resistance to Amikacin (2.04% in 2014 compared to 2.18% in 2022; p = 0.602) and to Fosfomycin (11.50% in 2014 versus 16.65% in 2022; p = 0.577). Overall, the trend of AMR significantly rose for Cefalexin (17.96–18.42%; p < 0.0001), Co-amoxiclav (9.46–12.69%; p < 0.0001), Nitrofurantoin (10.20–14.18%; p < 0.0001) and Piperacillin/Tazobactam (14.52–18.96%; p < 0.0001). Gram-negative resistance spectrum towards Ciprofloxacin (11.83–9.01%; p < 0.0001), Gentamicin (6.29–5.26%; p < 0.0001), Pivmecillinam (26.88–11.02%; p < 0.0001), Trimethoprim (36.72–29.23%; p < 0.0001) and Ampicillin/Amoxicillin (65.20–57.99%; p < 0.0001) significantly decreased. Conclusion: Despite the application of national and international guidelines for prophylaxis and treatment of UTIs, the spectrum of resistance for the most common antibiotics is still changing. Clinicians in primary and secondary care must keep that in mind when prescribing antibiotics for suspected UTI and sepsis associated with Gram-negative infections Up-to-date therapeutic strategies can help implement treatment of UTI, reducing selection of multi-resistant pathogens and providing more accurate care for patients. Future studies will be required to help clinicians and keep the guidelines updated.