bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Autonomous Electrochemical Discovery Robot that Utilises Probabilistic Algorithms: Probing the Redox Behaviour of Inorganic Materials
Authors: Laws Kristine , Tze‐Kiat Ng Marcus , Sharma Abhishek , Jiang Yibin , Hammer Alexander J. S. , Cronin Leroy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe discovery of new electroactive materials is slow due to the large combinatorial chemical space of possible experiments. Efficient exploration of redox‐active chemical space requires a machine learning assisted robotic platform with real‐time feedback. Here, we developed a closed‐loop robotic platform which is capable of synthesis and electrochemical characterisation controlled using a probabilistic algorithm. This was used to probe the redox behaviour of different polyoxometalates (POMs) precursors and explore the formation of redox‐active coordination complexes. The system can run accurate analytical electrochemical measurements whilst maintaining the performance and accuracy of both the working and reference electrodes. The platform successfully ran and analysed 336 coordination chemistry reactions by performing ca. 2500 cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans for analysis and electrode cleaning. Overall, the platform carried out over 9900 operations in 350 hours at a rate of 28 operations per hour, and we identified 24 complex solutions which showed significantly different redox activity. Experiments were performed using a universal chemical synthesis language (χDL) with variable inputs. The platform was used autonomously to investigate a range of POM precursor materials demonstrating 45 % increase in capacitance. The experiments ran for 36 hours with more than 6400 operations during which we analysed 200 POM precursor solutions.
Natural‐Product‐Inspired Discovery of Trimethoxyphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolosulfonamides as Potent Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
Authors: Rao Vajja Krishna , Ashtam Anvesh , Panda Dulal , Guchhait Sankar K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn approach of natural product‐inspired strategy and incorporation of an NP‐privileged motif has been investigated for the discovery of new tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Two series, N‐Arylsulfonyl‐3‐arylamino‐5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives, and their isomers were considered. The compounds were synthesized by construction of the N‐aryl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐diamine motif and sulfonylation. Although the chemo‐ and regioselectivity in sulfonylation were challenging due to multiple ring‐tautomerizable‐NH and exocyclic NH2 functionalities present in the molecular motifs, the developed synthetic method enabled the preparation of designed molecular skeletons with biologically important motifs. The approach also led to explore interesting molecular regio‐ and stereochemical aspects valuable for activity. The X‐ray crystallography study indicated that the hydrogen bonding between the arylamine‐NH and the arylsulfonyl‐“O” unit and appropriate molecular‐functionality topology allowed the cis‐locking of two aryls, which is important for tubulin‐binding and antiproliferative properties. All synthesized compounds majorly showed characteristic antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells (MCF‐7), and four compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activity. One compound potently bound to tubulin at the colchicine site and inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro. The compound significantly depolymerized microtubules in MCF‐7 cells, arrested the cells at the G2/M phase, and induced cell death. This study represents the importance of the design strategy in medicinal chemistry and the molecular structural features relevant to anticancer anti‐tubulin properties. The explored molecules have the potential for further development.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the stenosed coronary artery taken from the clinical setting and modeled in terms of hemodynamics
Authors: Sonmez Fatin , Karagoz Sendogan , Yildirim Orhan , Firat Ilker 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe study was carried out to investigate the effect of the artery with different pulse values and stenosis rates on the pressure drop, the peristaltic pump outlet pressure, fractional flow reserve (FFR) and most importantly the amount of power consumed by the peristaltic pump. For this purpose, images taken from the clinical environment were produced as models (10 mm inlet diameter) with 0% and 70% percent areal stenosis rates (PSR) on a three‐dimensional (3D) printer. In the experimental system, pure water was used as the fluid at 54, 84, 114, 132, and 168 bpm pulse values. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyzes of the test region were performed using experimental boundary conditions with the help of ANSYS‐Fluent software. The findings showed that as PSR increases in the arteries, the pressure drop in the stenosis region increases and this amount increases dramatically with increasing effort. An increase of approximately 40% was observed in the pump outlet pressure value from 54 bpm to 168 bpm in the PSR 0% model and 51% increase in the PSR 70% model. It has been observed that the pump does more work to overcome the increased pressure difference due to increased pulse rate and PSR. With the effect of contraction, the power consumption of the pump increased from 9.2% for 54 bpm to 13.8% for 168 bpm. In both models, the Wall Shear Stress (WSS) increased significantly. WSS increased abruptly in the stenosis and arcuate regions, while sudden decreases were observed in the flow separation region.
Clinical spectrum, etiology, and treatment response in neonatal autonomic seizures: A case series
Authors: Litten Robin M. , Patterson Amy L. , McGregor Amy L. , Mudigoudar Basanagoud , Chourasia Nitish 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal autonomic signs such as apnea, cyanosis, pallor, and desaturation rarely occur as isolated ictal phenomena and require a high degree of clinical suspicion in combination with continuous video electroencephalogram (vEEG) to establish a diagnosis.MethodsWe review the clinical profile, etiology, and treatment response in five neonates who presented with apnea as the primary seizure semiology.ResultsIctal apneic episodes were confirmed on continuous vEEG in all five infants within 24–48 h of symptom onset. Seizure etiologies included structural, infectious, and genetic, including a neonate with ANKRD11‐associated KBG syndrome, in which ictal apnea has not been previously described. Acute seizures resolved in all neonates following treatment with a single or combination of antiseizure medications.ConclusionsAbrupt onset and clustering episodes of apnea and oxygen desaturation in term infants should raise suspicion for epileptic seizures. Genetic testing should be considered as part of the diagnostic evaluation for autonomic seizures of unknown etiology. Early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal autonomic seizures may lead to excellent treatment response in the acute setting.
Wild relatives of potato (Solanum L. sec. Petota) poorly sampled and unprotected in Colombia
Authors: González‐Orozco Carlos E. , Reyes‐Herrera Paula H. , Sosa Chrystian C. , Torres Rosa T. , Manrique‐Carpintero Norma C. , Lasso‐Paredes Zahara , Cerón‐Souza Ivania , Yockteng Roxana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWild potato relatives (Solanum L. sec. Petota) play a vital role in crop improvement, understanding crop evolution, and conserving potato diversity. However, these invaluable resources are often neglected and underutilized and are susceptible to threats such as climate change, urbanization, and agricultural expansion. Little is known about the diversity, conservation status, and distribution of wild potato species in Colombia. To address this gap, we assessed the conservation status of five wild potato relatives conserved in the ex situ Colombian Central Collection. Five species were analyzed for their spatial patterns of biodiversity, conservation status, and conservation gaps. Colombia was found to have six centers of species richness, four areas of endemism, and six biogeographical regions. Of the five native species, only one was classified as adequately conserved for ex situ conservation, while the other four were considered low priority. In contrast, for in situ conservation, three species showed high priority, one was classified as medium priority, and one as low priority. In light of these findings, we propose three conservation strategies: (1) conducting collection missions to increase accessions in the national germplasm bank, prioritizing high‐priority species; (2) identifying and protecting unprotected natural habitats and engaging stakeholders to enhance in situ conservation efforts; and (3) establishing regional community genebanks to ensure localized conservation efforts.
Phylogeography and climate shape the quantitative genetic landscape and range‐wide plasticity of a prevalent conifer
Authors: Voltas Jordi , Amigó Ramon , Shestakova Tatiana A. , di Matteo Giovanni , Díaz Raquel , Zas Rafael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe contribution of genetic adaptation and plasticity to intraspecific phenotypic variability remains insufficiently studied in long‐lived plants, as well as the relevance of neutral versus adaptive processes determining such divergence. We examined the importance of phylogeographic structure and climate in modulating genetic and plastic changes and their interdependence in fitness‐related traits of a widespread Mediterranean conifer (Pinus pinaster). Four marker‐based, previously defined neutral classifications along with two ad hoc climate‐based categorizations of 123 range‐wide populations were analyzed for their capacity to summarize genetic and plastic effects of height growth and survival (age 20) in 15 common gardens. The plasticity of tree height and differential survival were interpreted through mixed modeling accounting for heteroscedasticity in the genotype‐by‐environment dataset. The analysis revealed a slight superiority of phylogeographic classifications over climate categorizations on the explanation of genetic and plastic effects, which suggests that neutral processes can be at least as important as isolation by climate as a driving factor of evolutionary divergence in a prevalent pine. The best phylogeographic classification involved eight geographically discrete genetic groups, which explained 92% (height) and 52% (survival) of phenotypic variability, including between‐group mean differentiation and differential expression across trials. For height growth, there was high predictability of plastic group responses described by different reaction norm slopes, which were unrelated to between‐group mean differentiation. The latter differences (amounting to ca. 40% among groups) dominated intraspecific performance across trials. Local adaptation was evident for genetic groups tested in their native environments in terms of tree height and, especially, survival. This finding was supported by QST > FST estimates. Additionally, our range‐wide evaluation did not support a general adaptive syndrome by which less reactive groups to ameliorated conditions would be associated with high survival and low growth. In fact, a lack of relationship between mean group differentiation, indicative of genetic adaptation, and predictable group plasticity for height growth suggests different evolutionary trajectories of these mechanisms of phenotypic divergence. Altogether, the existence of predictable adaptive‐trait phenotypic variation for the species, involving both genetic differentiation and plastic effects, should facilitate integrating genomics and environment into decision‐making tools to assist forests in coping with climate change.
Anthropometric failure and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsadik Meseret Tamrat , Sisay Assefa Legesse , Tamiru Dessalegn , Belachew Tefera 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUndernutrition in childhood is a crucial public health issue in Ethiopia. Yet, more than an assessment of undernutrition using conventional index is needed to conclude the overall prevalence of undernutrition among children aged 6–23 months. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition using composite index of anthropometric failure and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Southwest Ethiopia. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was employed among 440 mother–child pairs selected using a two‐stage cluster sampling method in the rural Kersa district, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with undernutrition. Variables with a p‐value of <.05 were considered statistically significant. The proportion of undernutrition using composite indexes of anthropometric failure was 57.3% among children aged 6–23 months. Children being male [AOR = 1.55; 95% CI (1.013, 2.373)], not met minimum acceptable diet (MAD) [AOR = 2.104; 95% CI (1.05, 4.214)], larger family size [AOR = 1.699; 95% CI (1.0791, 2.675)], having comorbidity [AOR = 3.31; 95% CI (2.068, 5.327)], and being in food insecurity household [AOR = 3.12; 95% CI (2.0, 4.868)] were more likely to be in anthropometric failure, whereas children from the mother who attended higher and above schooling [AOR = 0.244; 95% CI (0.093, 0.641)] were less likely to be in anthropometric failure. More than half of children aged 6–23 months were experienced anthropometric failure. Male children, those who have not received the MAD, come from larger families, have comorbidities, live in food‐insecure households, and have mothers with higher education levels were found to be at higher risk of anthropometric failure.
A Preliminary Assessment of Global CO2: Spatial Patterns, Temporal Trends, and Policy Implications
Authors: EI Kenawy Ahmed M. , Al‐Awadhi Talal , Abdullah Meshal , Jawarneh Rana , Abulibdeh Ammar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study offers a comprehensive analysis of the distribution, evolution, and driving factors of CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2016 at multiple spatial scales. Utilizing 26 indicators encompassing various facets of CO2 emissions, it is employed principal component analysis (PCA) and empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to identify the dominant characteristics of global CO2 emissions. This model retained three core components, accounting for 93% of the global CO2 variation, reflecting emission trajectories and associated economic metrics, such as Gross domestic product (GDP). The analysis differentiated the effects of these components based on countries' economic standings. Using a novel aggregated index, significant national contributors to global CO2 emissions are pinpointed. Notably, the leading contributors are found among developed nations (e.g., the United States, Canada, Japan), Gulf states (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Qatar), and emerging economies (e.g., China, Brazil, Mexico). Furthermore, these results highlight that shifts in global CO2 emissions over the past 30 years are predominantly influenced by factors like industrial emissions and GDP. Results also demonstrate a distinct relationship between a country's CO2 emissions and its physical and socioeconomic factors. Specifically, the nation's coastline length, population density in coastal regions, and the diversity of its climatic conditions significantly influence its carbon footprint.
Addressing neglected tropical diseases in Africa: A gender perspective
Authors: Shomuyiwa Deborah O. , George Nsikakabasi S. , Sunday Blessing A. , Omotayo Faith O. , Mwaba Martha , David Success C. , Nabiryo Maxencia , Yangaza Yonah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article delves into the interplay of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within Africa, spotlighting gender disparities in NTD programs. NTDs, impacting marginalized communities, impose considerable physical, mental, and social burdens. The article underscores NTDs as equity markers for SDGs, spotlighting gender‐based imbalances in disease susceptibility, treatment accessibility, and health‐seeking tendencies. Gender's influence on NTD risks is elucidated, emphasizing the heightened susceptibility of women due to socioeconomic constraints, cultural dynamics, and gender norms. The article also highlights the absence of gender considerations in NTD programs, advocating for gender‐integrated strategies, enhanced data collection, and collaborative partnerships to rectify these inequities. By embracing a gender‐equity approach, the article underscores the necessity of gender‐balanced NTD efforts for comprehensive health, sustainable development, and gender parity, demanding cohesive actions across sectors.
Width measurement of retinal vessels using cubic spline fitting and extended edge‐searching mode
Authors: Huang Linyuan , Liu Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAbnormal changes in the retinal vessel width usually indicate the presence of certain diseases. This paper presents a novel model to measure the width of retinal vessels. This method firstly employs cubic spline fitting to determine the vessel cross‐sectional direction at the center point of a vessel profile, then uses the extended edge‐searching mode to detect vessel edge points along the vessel cross‐sectional direction, and finally obtains the width value by calculating the distance between the edge point and the center point. The method can accurately locate vessel edge points and successfully solve the problem of central light reflex in blood vessels. Experimental analyses on a publicly available database show that the proposed approach has excellent performance in accuracy with other existing measurement techniques. It provides an effective idea for analyzing morphological changes in blood vessels and can be extended to obtain the shape features of other objects.
Examination of the Binding Ability of Bovine Spermatozoa to the Zona Pellucida as an Indicator of Fertility
Authors: BRAUNDMEIER ANDREA G. , DEMERS JILL M. , SHANKS ROGER D. , SAACKE RICHARD G. , MILLER DAVID J. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTDespite the development of many new techniques, laboratory assays still do not predict male fertility accurately. To identify targets for laboratory assessment, we first need to determine which steps in fertilization are most often defective in subfertile males. We developed a competitive in vitro fertilization assay in which spermatozoa from 2 different males, stained with different lipophilic dyes, are incubated together with oocytes in a droplet. By exposing mixed spermatozoa to the same oocytes, this assay controls for many of the variables of in vitro fertilization and should allow identification of the most common faulty steps in fertilization. The relationship of zona‐binding ability to fertility is controversial. Therefore, as a first step, we determined if zona pellucida‐binding ability, measured by this competitive assay, was related to bovine sper‐matozoal fertility. Fertility data were collected from 2 groups of bulls by 2 means of evaluation, nonreturn to estrus rates postinsemination and competitive insemination. In the nonreturn to estrus study, semen samples from 15 bulls were effectively ranked by zona‐binding ability, using pairwise competitive in vitro zona‐binding assays (R2 = 0.84). However, this ranking was not significantly correlated with nonreturn rates (r = −0.04). In the competitive insemination study, semen samples from 8 bulls were effectively ranked by pairwise comparison using the competitive zona‐binding assay (R2 = 0.67). Again, this ranking was not significantly correlated to the competitive insemination index calculated for these bulls (r = 0.29). In the third study, we tested 3 bulls to determine if in vivo zona binding, assessed by the number of accessory spermatozoa, was correlated with in vitro zona binding. The number of accessory spermatozoa on oocytes recovered from cows after mating was not correlated with in vitro competitive binding of the spermatozoa. In conclusion, in vitro competitive zona binding was not correlated with bovine fertility or binding of accessory spermatozoa to oocytes in vivo.
Prostate Epithelial Expression of a Novel Androgen Target Gene
Authors: SINGH JASKIRAT , YOUNG LEI , HANDELSMAN DAVID J. , DONG QIHAN 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTTo better understand the role of androgens in prostate development and disease it is important to characterize androgen‐regulated genes in the prostate. Using suppression subtractive hybridization between congenitally androgen‐deficient (hpg) and androgen‐replaced hpg mouse prostates, we have cloned a novel androgen up‐regulated gene from mouse prostate (AUMP). The messenger RNA sequence of AUMP consists of 805 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 408 base pairs. In non‐hpg mice with normal androgen levels, AUMP is selectively expressed in the prostate, as shown by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis of 9 organs. Depletion of androgens via castration of mature mice resulted in loss of AUMP expression, whereas testosterone replacement restored it. Tissue in situ hybridization localized AUMP expression to the luminal epithelial cells of the androgen‐sufficient prostate. Database searches indicate that AUMP codes for a novel protein that shares approximately 65% similarity and 35% identity to palmitoyl protein thioes‐terase of human, rat, mouse, and bovine. A motif for protein‐transport protein, which promotes translocation as well as integration of secretory proteins into membrane, is also present. Further efforts will be made to obtain the human homologue of AUMP that will enable evaluation of its role in normal and diseased human prostate.
Keeping creativity in English education: A review of Creativity in the English Curriculum: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions
Authors: Rodriguez Christina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article provides a book review of Creativity in the English Curriculum: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions by Lorna Smith. Smith's work provides a robust chronology of how the concept of creativity has evolved across education policy documents since the inception of subject English in the late 19th century to its current state in England's National Curriculum. It also presents aspirational conceptions of child‐centered and humanistic learning that both stem from the origins of subject English and can inform new generations of imaginative English education and research, for which educators and professionals within and adjacent to English education in England and in other national contexts can benefit.
Progress of biodegradable polymer application in cardiac occluders
Authors: Xu Qiteng , Fa Hongge , Yang Ping , Wang Qinzheng , Xing Quansheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCardiac septal defect is the most prevalent congenital heart disease and is typically treated with open‐heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Since the 1990s, with the advancement of interventional techniques and minimally invasive transthoracic closure techniques, cardiac occluder implantation represented by the Amplazter products has been the preferred treatment option. Currently, most occlusion devices used in clinical settings are primarily composed of Nitinol as the skeleton. Nevertheless, long‐term follow‐up studies have revealed various complications related to metal skeletons, including hemolysis, thrombus, metal allergy, cardiac erosion, and even severe atrioventricular block. Thus, occlusion devices made of biodegradable materials have become the focus of research. Over the past two decades, several bioabsorbable cardiac occluders for ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect have been designed and trialed on animals or humans. This review summarizes the research progress of bioabsorbable cardiac occluders, the advantages and disadvantages of different biodegradable polymers used to fabricate occluders, and discusses future research directions concerning the structures and materials of bioabsorbable cardiac occluders.