bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of runs of homozygosity, heterozygosity‐rich regions and genomic inbreeding estimates in a subpopulation of Guzerá (Bos indicus) dual‐purpose cattle
Authors: Carrara E. R. , Lopes P. S. , Veroneze R. , Pereira R. J. , Zadra L. E. F. , Peixoto M. G. C. D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor decades, inbreeding in cattle has been evaluated using pedigree information. Nowadays, inbreeding coefficients can be obtained using genomic information such as runs of homozygosity (ROH). The aims of this study were to quantify ROH and heterozygosity‐rich regions (HRR) in a subpopulation of Guzerá dual‐purpose cattle, to examine ROH and HRR islands, and to compare inbreeding coefficients obtained by ROH with alternative genomic inbreeding coefficients. A subpopulation of 1733 Guzerá animals genotyped for 50k SNPs was used to obtain the ROH and HRR segments. Inbreeding coefficients by ROH (FROH), by genomic relationship matrix based on VanRaden's method 1 using reference allele frequency in the population (FGRM), by genomic relationship matrix based on VanRaden's method 1 using allele frequency fixed in 0.5 (FGRM_0.5), and by the proportion of homozygous loci (FHOM) were calculated. A total of 15,660 ROH were identified, and the chromosome with the highest number of ROH was BTA6. A total of 4843 HRRs were identified, and the chromosome with the highest number of HRRs was BTA23. No ROH and HRR islands were identified according to established criteria, but the regions closest to the definition of an island were examined from 64 to 67 Mb of BTA6, from 36 to 37 Mb of BTA2 and from 0.50 to 1.25 Mb of BTA23. The genes identified in ROH islands have previously been associated with dairy and beef traits, while genes identified on HRR islands have previously been associated with reproductive traits and disease resistance. FROH was equal to 0.095 ± 0.084, and its Spearman correlation with FGRM was low (0.44) and moderate‐high with FHOM (0.79) and with FGRM_0.5 (0.80). The inbreeding coefficients determined by ROH were higher than other cattle breeds' and higher than pedigree‐based inbreeding in the Guzerá breed obtained in previous studies. It is recommended that future studies investigate the effects of inbreeding determined by ROH on the traits under selection in the subpopulation studied.
Identification of hypoxia‐related gene signatures based on multi‐omics analysis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo Qineng , Li Xing , Meng Zixing , Rong Hao , Li Yanguo , Zhao Guofang , Zhu Huangkai , Cen Lvjun , Liao Qi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer and one of the malignancies with the highest incidence rate and mortality worldwide. Hypoxia is a typical feature of tumour microenvironment (TME), which affects the progression of LUAD from multiple molecular levels. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms behind LUAD hypoxia are not fully understood. In this study, we estimated the level of hypoxia by calculating a score based on 15 hypoxia genes. The hypoxia scores were relatively high in LUAD patients with poor prognosis and were bound up with tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage, tumour size, lymph node, age and gender. By comparison of high hypoxia score group and low hypoxia score group, 1820 differentially expressed genes were identified, among which up‐regulated genes were mainly about cell division and proliferation while down‐regulated genes were primarily involved in cilium‐related biological processes. Besides, LUAD patients with high hypoxia scores had higher frequencies of gene mutations, among which TP53, TTN and MUC16 had the highest mutation rates. As for DNA methylation, 1015 differentially methylated probes‐related genes were found and may play potential roles in tumour‐related neurobiological processes and cell signal transduction. Finally, a prognostic model with 25 multi‐omics features was constructed and showed good predictive performance. The area under curve (AUC) values of 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival reached 0.863, 0.826 and 0.846, respectively. Above all, our findings are helpful in understanding the impact and molecular mechanisms of hypoxia in LUAD.
Retrospective study of the mortality of the Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) at the Sorocaba Zoo, Brazil
Authors: Silva Maraya Lincoln , Caiaffa Mayara Grego , da Costa André Luiz Mota , Ferreira‐Machado Eduardo , Ervedosa Ticiana Brasil , Navas‐Suárez Pedro Enrique , Guerra Juliana Mariotti , Matos Flora Nogueira , Gonzaga Cássia Regina Ramos , de Azevedo Fernandes Natália Coelho Couto , Teixeira Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) was recently described and characterized as endemic to Brazil. According to the IUCN red list, this species is classified as critically endangered (CR). At the date of the publication of this manuscript, there are no published data on the health aspects of this species.MethodsFor this study, the necropsy, and histopathological data of the mortality of P. vieirai at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil) were collected and analyzed.ResultsCauses of death diagnosed included disorders of the urinary, gastrointestinal, immune, and circulatory systems.ConclusionsThis study provides information regarding the pathological conditions of P. vieirai and points to urinary and gastrointestinal diseases as the main causes of death in this species at Sorocaba Zoo. These results can help veterinarians who have this species under their care diagnose and deal with it more quickly, increasing the probability of survival.
Leakage beyond the primary lesion: A temporal analysis of cerebrovascular dysregulation at sites of hippocampal secondary neurodegeneration following cortical photothrombotic stroke
Authors: Hood Rebecca J. , Sanchez‐Bezanilla Sonia , Beard Daniel J. , Rust Ruslan , Turner Renée J. , Stuckey Shannon M. , Collins‐Praino Lyndsey E. , Walker Frederick R. , Nilsson Michael , Ong Lin Kooi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that a cortical stroke causes persistent impairment of hippocampal‐dependent cognitive tasks concomitant with secondary neurodegenerative processes such as amyloid‐β accumulation in the hippocampus, a region remote from the primary infarct. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence suggesting that deposition of amyloid‐β around cerebral vessels may lead to cerebrovascular structural changes, neurovascular dysfunction, and disruption of blood–brain barrier integrity. However, there is limited knowledge about the temporal changes of hippocampal cerebrovasculature after cortical stroke. In the current study, we aimed to characterise the spatiotemporal cerebrovascular changes after cortical stroke. This was done using the photothrombotic stroke model targeting the motor and somatosensory cortices of mice. Cerebrovascular morphology as well as the co‐localisation of amyloid‐β with vasculature and blood–brain barrier integrity were assessed in the cortex and hippocampal regions at 7, 28 and 84 days post‐stroke. Our findings showed transient cerebrovascular remodelling in the peri‐infarct area up to 28 days post‐stroke. Importantly, the cerebrovascular changes were extended beyond the peri‐infarct region to the ipsilateral hippocampus and were sustained out to 84 days post‐stroke. When investigating vessel diameter, we showed a decrease at 84 days in the peri‐infarct and CA1 regions that were exacerbated in vessels with amyloid‐β deposition. Lastly, we showed sustained vascular leakage in the peri‐infarct and ipsilateral hippocampus, indicative of a compromised blood–brain‐barrier. Our findings indicate that hippocampal vasculature may represent an important therapeutic target to mitigate the progression of post‐stroke cognitive impairment.
Morphofunctional characterisation of axonal damage in different rat models of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity: The role of nerve excitability testing
Authors: Chiorazzi Alessia , Canta Annalisa , Carozzi Valentina Alda , Meregalli Cristina , Pozzi Eleonora , Ballarini Elisa , Rodriguez‐Menendez Virginia , Marmiroli Paola , Cavaletti Guido , Alberti Paola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a common and long‐lasting adverse event of several anticancer compounds, for which treatment has not yet been developed. To fill this gap, preclinical studies are warranted, exploiting highly translational outcome measure(s) to transfer data from bench to bedside. Nerve excitability testing (NET) enables to test in vivo axonal properties and can be used to monitor early changes leading to axonal damage.MethodsWe tested NET use in two different CIPN rat models: oxaliplatin (OHP) and paclitaxel (PTX). Animals (female) were chronically treated with either PTX or OHP and compared to respective control animals. NET was performed as soon as the first injection was administered. At the end of the treatment, CIPN onset was verified via a multimodal and robust approach: nerve conduction studies, nerve morphometry, behavioural tests and intraepidermal nerve fibre density.ResultsNET showed the typical pattern of axonal hyperexcitability in the 72 h following the first OHP administration, whereas it showed precocious signs of axonal damage in PTX animals. At the end of the month of treatment, OHP animals showed a pattern compatible with a mild axonal sensory polyneuropathy. Instead, PTX cohort was characterised by a rather severe sensory axonal polyneuropathy with minor signs of motor involvement.InterpretationNET after the first administration demonstrated the ongoing OHP‐related channelopathy, whereas in PTX cohort it showed precocious signs of axonal damage. Therefore, NET could be suggested as an early surrogate marker in clinical trials, to detect precocious changes leading to axonal damage.
Political economy of input–output markets of groundnut: A case from the groundnut value chain of Turkey
Authors: Özalp Burhan , Ören M. Necat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMainstream economics argues that value chains provide farmers better prices and incomes, thus aiding development. However, this study contradicts this consensus, revealing that the value chain generates the status of petty commodity producers for farmers. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the value chain keeps downstream actors, such as merchants, processors, wholesalers, and retailers, in a powerful position against farmers. The study delves into these phenomena by considering the historical relationship between the market, the commodification of agriculture, the state, the interconnection of markets, the value chain, and neoliberalism. This research focuses on the political economy of groundnut input–output markets in Turkey through value chain analysis. Based on thorough primary field research, the paper demonstrates that the functioning of the value chain strengthens the position of downstream actors against farmers. Additionally, it shows that the value chain creates interlinking between farmers and merchants and makes small farmers the most disadvantaged actor. Moreover, the study highlights that groundnut production costs have risen at a higher rate than incomes under neoliberal policies. Finally, the article demonstrates that mechanization in groundnut farming, while increasing productivity by meeting the chain demands, fails to significantly improve farmers' incomes and profits due to the impact of neoliberal policies on other input costs.
Treatment of periorbital aging with negative pressure fractional microneedle radiofrequency: A self‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Gao Yulian , Che Qilei , He Qiang , Wang Wenju , Luo Wangsha , Tong Yao , Liu Lufeng , Tang Qiuyue , Xie Yuhong , Zhou Zixuan , Wa Qingbiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral treatment modalities are used for the treatment of periorbital rejuvenation with variable results. Recent studies showed that fractional radiofrequency may be an effective treatment modality for periorbital aging. This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of negative pressure fractional microneedle radiofrequency (NPFMR) as a treatment for periorbital aging.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with periorbital aging were involved in this study. They were treated two times with an interval of 1 month. The patients were evaluated before treatment and 1, 3, and 6 months after the final treatment.ResultsThe research findings suggest that periorbital wrinkles of the patients were significantly improved by VISIA system (p < 0.05). Physiological indicators detected by MPA10 system showed that compared with before treatment, the hydration increased (p < 0.05) and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) decreased (p < 0.05) at 3 and 6 months after treatment. The glossiness increased at 1 month after treatment compared to pre‐treatment (p < 0.05) and returned to the baseline level at 3 and 6 months after treatment. There was no significant change in melanin content (p > 0.05). Periorbital dermal thickness of the patients significantly increased at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment according to skin ultrasound (p < 0.05). A periorbital skin biopsy revealed that the collagen fibers in the dermis were significantly thicker and more orderly after treatment, and the expression of type I collagen fibers and elastic fibers was increased compared with that before treatment. One patient developed post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) at 1 month after the first treatment, which improved after active treatment. No other adverse reactions were observed.ConclusionsNPMFR could be an effective and safe treatment modality for the treatment of periorbital aging.
Circulating extracellular choline acetyltransferase regulates inflammation
Authors: Gabalski Arielle H. , Tynan Aisling , Tsaava Tea , Li Jian Hua , Lee Diana , Hepler Tyler D. , Hide Daniel , George Sam , Bravo Iñiguez Carlos E. , Thompson Dane A , Zhu Cassie , Wang Haichao , Brines Michael , Tracey Kevin J. , Chavan Sangeeta S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCholine acetyltransferase (ChAT) is required for the biosynthesis of acetylcholine, the molecular mediator that inhibits cytokine production in the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway of the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex. Abundant work has established the biology of cytoplasmic ChAT in neurons, but much less is known about the potential presence and function of ChAT in the extracellular milieu.ObjectivesWe evaluated the hypothesis that extracellular ChAT activity responds to inflammation and serves to inhibit cytokine release and attenuate inflammation.MethodsAfter developing novel methods for quantification of ChAT activity in plasma, we determined whether ChAT activity changes in response to inflammatory challenges.ResultsActive ChAT circulates within the plasma compartment of mice and responds to immunological perturbations. Following the administration of bacterial endotoxin, plasma ChAT activity increases for 12–48 h, a time period that coincides with declining tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels. Further, a direct activation of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway by vagus nerve stimulation significantly increases plasma ChAT activity, whereas the administration of bioactive recombinant ChAT (r‐ChAT) inhibits endotoxin‐stimulated TNF production and anti‐ChAT antibodies exacerbate endotoxin‐induced TNF levels, results of which suggest that ChAT activity regulates endogenous TNF production. Administration of r‐ChAT significantly attenuates pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and disease activity in the dextran sodium sulfate preclinical model of inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, plasma ChAT levels are also elevated in humans with sepsis, with the highest levels observed in a patient who succumbed to infection.ConclusionAs a group, these results support further investigation of ChAT as a counter‐regulator of inflammation and potential therapeutic agent.
What is the moral person like? An examination of the shared and unique perspectives on moral character
Authors: Pringle Victoria , Sun Jessie , Carlson Erika N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe psychological profile of the moral person might depend on whose perspective is being used. Here, we decompose moral impressions into three components: (a) Shared Moral Character (shared variance across self‐ and informant reports), (b) Moral Identity (how a person uniquely views their morality), and (c) Moral Reputation (how others uniquely view that person's morality).MethodIn two samples (total N  = 458), we used an extended version of the Trait‐Reputation‐Identity model to examine the extent to which each perspective accounts for the overall variance in moral impressions and the degree to which social and personal outcomes were associated with each perspective, controlling for method variance (i.e., positivity and acquiescence bias).ResultsResults suggest that moral character impressions are strongly influenced by positivity and largely idiosyncratic. All components were related to higher levels of agreeableness. For the most part, however, the three components had unique correlates: people higher in Shared Moral Character tended to have higher standings on conscientiousness and honesty‐humility, were more respected, and donated more during an in‐lab game; people higher in Moral Identity endorsed various moral foundations to a greater extent; and people higher in Moral Reputation valued the loyalty foundation less.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the value of considering multiple perspectives when measuring moral character.
Methodological approaches to assess tactile sensitivity in the food context—A scoping review
Authors: Galler Martina , Varela Paula 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn contrast to taste sensitivity, the assessment of texture or tactile sensitivity has received relatively little attention in the food context. Texture plays an important role in food preferences and food intake, and individual differences make it important to understand physiological drivers of perception as tactile sensitivity. The multi‐dimensional and dynamic aspects of texture perception suggest there is not one single method that can explain individual differences. This scoping review aims to systematically map methods assessing tactile sensitivity, in the context of food, highlighting differences in approach and implementation. Eligibility criteria included papers describing methods to assess individual differences in tactile sensitivity, that involved human participants and the context was relevant to food behavior. Sources are peer‐reviewed publications of original research in English. In mapping the methods, we assessed how they relate to food texture parameters (mechanical, geometrical, and surface) and the dynamics of breaking down (touch with hand, first bite/sip, oral processing, residual or after‐swallowing sensations). We also review other parameters associated (oral processing, preference, diet and food intake behavior). The literature in this relatively young area is still very fragmented and it is difficult to have a clear picture regarding best practices or recommendations for the measurement of tactile sensitivity in the food context. Future studies should aim to methodological harmonization for application in the food behavior area, with a design of experiment combining different aspects of tactile sensitivity to food, focusing on the thresholds and perceived intensity of textural parameters as well as affective and behavioral responses, and covering the whole spectrum of tactile texture perception (mechanical, geometrics, and surface), including the dynamics of perception.
Effects of the interaction between tank color and type of feed pellets on biological and physiological indicators in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles reared in brackish water
Authors: El‐Dakar Ashraf Y. , Shalaby Shymaa M. , El Basuini Mohammed F. , Atiya Mayada N. , Yakop Al‐Shaimaa M. , Younis Elsayed M. , Abdelwarith Abdelwahab A. , Davies Simon J. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present work aimed to investigate the impacts of tank color (transparent, light blue, and red), feed pellet types (floating and sinking), and their interaction on the performance and welfare of red hybrid tilapia juveniles with an initial average weight of 19.59 g for a 50 day trial period following a 3 × 2 factorial design. Fish were cultured randomly at a stoking rate of 10 juveniles/100‐L tank. Fish were fed 6 days per week at a rate of 4% biomass twice daily. Three replicates were performed for each measurement. A two‐way analysis of variance showed that using tanks of different colors (transparent, light blue, and red) has no impact on the growth, feed efficacy, survival rate, and blood composition (except for red blood cells, hematocrit, and triglycerides) of tilapia. Also, pellet types (floating and sinking) showed no significant alterations for the above variables except for glucose and hematocrit levels. Interestingly, the interaction between tank color and pellet type exhibited significant impacts on growth parameters, feed utilization, blood variables, and intestinal enzymes of red hybrid tilapia. Moreover, fish reared in transparent or light blue tanks and fed with floating diets performed the best for all evaluated parameters. Additionally, sinking pellets had better effects when combined with red (dark)‐colored tanks.
Policy integration of climate change adaptation in Central America: A review for development, land‐use planning, and risk management
Authors: Segura Ramírez Luis Diego , van Zeijl‐Rozema Annemarie , Martens Pim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCentral American countries have been described as highly exposed to the negative effects of climate change (CC). Policies dedicated to CC and climate policy integration—mainstreaming—into sectoral policies have been considered key strategies. Previous research has documented the progress made in this region regarding dedicated policies, but regarding policy integration, information is limited or nonexistent. This article aims to address this gap by studying the level of integration of climate‐change adaptation considerations into three prioritized sectors—general development planning, risk management, and land‐use planning—by applying three criteria for policy integration—inclusion, consistency, and weighting. The results show a progressive trend to integrate adaptation into the policy outputs of the three sectors in all countries. Still, the operational level of instruments in some cases fails to fulfill the mandates to mainstream climate adaptation, and consistency is limited. These failures are indicators of lower levels of organizational maturity, which has also been detected in other developing countries and is connected to conflict and tradeoff avoidance behaviors as a filtering strategy to ensure progress at the cost of leaving key issues outside the mainstreaming process.
Unknown Vocabulary Density and Reading Comprehension: Replicating Hu and Nation (2000)
Authors: Kremmel Benjamin , Indrarathne Bimali , Kormos Judit , Suzuki Shungo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHu and Nation's (2000) study, which stipulated that second language (L2) readers need to be familiar with 98% of lexical items for adequate text comprehension, has become highly influential in L2 vocabulary research and pedagogy. However, the 98% critical threshold figure is based on findings from a research project in which a regression analysis was conducted with only 66 university students in New Zealand. The present study replicated Hu and Nation's research in a context different from a typical Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic context with a sample of 104 Sri Lankan adult L2 learners in a nonacademic context. They each took a Vocabulary Levels Test and read one of five versions of two reading texts at different levels of density of unknown words before answering comprehension questions. The results of the original study could not be fully replicated.