bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung ultrasound scores are not associated with subcutaneous oedema or fluid balance in infants after cardiac surgery
Authors: Gelbart Ben , Marchesini Vanessa , Kapalavai Sudeep Kumar , O’Brien Adam , Veysey Andrea , Serratore Alyssa , Appleyard Jessica , Bellomo Rinaldo , Butt Warwick , Duke Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Lung ultrasound may help to estimate extravascular lung water (EVLW). However, after paediatric cardiac surgery, the relationship of a lung ultrasound score (LUS) with subcutaneous oedema, fluid balance, or body weight is unknown.

Methods
A prospective, observational study was performed in mechanically ventilated infants following cardiac surgery. A clinical oedema score (COS), fluid balance (FB), body weight (BW) and LUS (based on a B-line scoring tool) were performed.

Results
We studied 53 infants with a median age of 8 days [IQR, 0–14]. EVLW, as estimated by the mean LUS, was 8.7 (SD 3.7) at baseline, 9.2 (SD 4.2) at 24 h, and 9.1 (SD 3.4) at 48 h, out of a maximum score of 24. However, LUS changes over time were small and infero-lateral lung zones had higher mean LUS compared to supero-anterior lung zones. Moreover, subcutaneous body oedema, as measured by a COS, change in BW, or FB, were not associated with the LUS. On multivariable, linear, mixed-effects modelling, accounting for repeated measures within children over time, there was no significant association between the COS and LUS (0.2 points [95% CI − 0.01–0.3]. Finally, in similar regression analyses, there was no significant association between each 100 gm increase in BW or 100 ml increase in FB and changes in LUS (BW, 0.3 [− 0.1–0.7] and FB, 0.1 [− 0.2–0.4]).

Conclusions
In infants following cardiac surgery, the lung ultrasound score was higher in infero-lateral lung zones compared to supero-anterior zones. However, it had no association with a subcutaneous oedema score or changes in fluid balance or body weight.
Contested Truths Over COVID-19 in East Africa: Examining Opposition to Public Health Measures in Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Lee Jia Hui , Meek Laura A. , Katumusiime Jacob 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe comparative analysis of three “contested truths” around COVID-19 in East Africa demonstrates that knowledge is a product of knotted, uneven, and disputed epistemological practices tied to structures of power. Lee, Meek, and Katumusiime examine: (1) the construction of a pan-African skepticism of COVID-19 that drew on anti-imperialist discourses; (2) social media posts through which Tanzanian digital publics critically evaluated steam inhalation as an alternative therapeutic for COVID-19; and (3) the resistance by many Ugandans to complying with public health measures such as lockdowns. “Contested truths” is used as an analytical framework to center the specificity and situatedness of truth-making in East Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Employee response to employer-sponsored direct primary care
Authors: Gage Stephen , Hakim Amy Cooper 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHealth benefits represent employers’ fastest growing operating expense. Efforts from human resources to control healthcare spending through restrictive plan design changes and corporate wellness programs may not achieve employer health and financial goals and may negatively impact employee outcomes. Employers are increasingly contracting directly with providers in order to access quality medical care and to control spending. The purpose of this practice-focused paper is to provide survey data collected from 10 employers as part of the quality improvement activities of a direct primary care (DPC) program. Overall, survey responses of employees engaged with DPC had higher patient satisfaction, group health plan rating, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction than survey responses of those registered into the program but not yet engaged with a DPC physician. Implementation considerations and DPC characteristics are provided.
The copenhagen cross-linguistic naming test (C-CLNT): Development and validation in a multicultural memory clinic population
Authors: Nielsen T. Rune , Grollenberg Bernadette Unmack , Ringkøbing Signe Pertou , Özden Maria , Weekes Brendan , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Despite recent advances in cross-cultural neuropsychological test development, suitable tests for cross-linguistic assessment of language functions are not widely available. The aims of this study were to develop and validate a brief naming test, the Copenhagen Cross-Linguistic Naming Test (C-CLNT), for the assessment of culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse older adult populations in Europe.Method:The C-CLNT was based on a set of standardized color drawings. Items for the C-CLNT were selected by considering name agreement and frequency across five European and two non-European languages. Ambiguities in some of the selected items and scoring criteria were resolved after pilot testing in 10 memory clinic patients. The final 30-item C-CLNT was validated by verifying its psychometric properties in 24 controls and 162 diverse memory clinic patients with affective disorder, mild cognitive impairment, and with dementia.Results:The C-CLNT had acceptable scale reliability (coefficient alpha = .67) and good construct validity, with moderate to strong correlations with traditional language tests (r = .42– .75). Diagnostic accuracy for dementia was good and significantly better than that of the Boston Naming Test (areas under the curve of .80 vs .64, p < .001), but was poor for mild cognitive impairment. Only 3% of the variance in C-CLNT test scores was explained by immigrant background, while 6% was explained by age and years of education. In comparison, these proportions were 34 and 22% for the BNT.Conclusions:The C-CLNT has promising clinical utility for cross-linguistic assessment of naming impairment in culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse older adults.
Natural resources and income inequality: economic complexity is the key
Authors: Awoa Awoa Paul , Atangana Ondoa Henri , Ngoa Tabi Henri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of natural resources on income inequality conditional on economic complexity in 111 developed and developing countries from 1995 to 2016. The system-GMM results show that economic complexity reverses the positive effects of natural resource dependence on income inequality. Furthermore, results are robust to the distinction between dependence on point resources (fossil fuels, ores, and metals), dependence on diffuse resources (agricultural raw material), and resource abundance. Finally, there are significant differences between countries, depending on the level of ethnic fragmentation and democracy.
An Intrathermocline Eddy Observed in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Liu Baochao , Su Qinglei , Wang Huiwu , Yang Guang , Fang Yue , Duan Yongliang , Zu Yongcan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn intrathermocline eddy (ITE) was observed over the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) from early February to early May 2020. The ITE was generated near the southwest of Java, and was long lived with a long propagation distance. It had pronounced surface anticyclonic anomalies during westward propagation. Observations from an anchored buoy and several Argo profiles suggested a typical lens‐like vertical structure within the thermocline during the passage of the ITE. The ITE carried a saline water mass with maximum salinity at core depths of 100–150 m. The saline water mass originated from the equatorial Indian Ocean and was transported to the southwest of Java in early January. The formation of the ITE was characterized by a rapid increase of positive sea level anomaly in the southwest of Java, which was closely associated with the local positive wind stress curl in late January and early February.
Reduced Sediment Settling in Turbulent Flows Due To Basset History and Virtual Mass Effects
Authors: Li Shuolin , Bragg Andrew D. , Katul Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe behavior of suspended particles in turbulent flows is a recalcitrant problem spanning wide‐ranging fields including geomorphology, hydrology, and dispersion of particulate matter in the atmosphere. One key mechanism underlying particle suspension is the difference between particle settling velocity (ws) in turbulence and its still water counterpart (wso). This difference is explored here for a range of particle‐to‐fluid densities (1–10) and particle diameter to Kolmogorov micro‐eddy sizes (0.1–10). Conventional models of particle fluxes that equate ws to wso result in eddy diffusivities and turbulent Schmidt numbers contradictory to laboratory experiments. Incorporating virtual mass and Basset history forces resolves these inconsistencies, providing clarity as to why ws/wso is sub‐unity for the aforementioned conditions. The proposed formulation can be imminently used to model particle settling in turbulence, especially when sediment distribution outcomes over extended time scales far surpassing turbulence time scales are sought.
Breast Cancer Detection Based on Simplified Deep Learning Technique With Histopathological Image Using BreaKHis Database
Authors: Toma Tania Afroz , Biswas Shivazi , Miah Md Sipon , Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal S. , Fernando Sandra , Rahman Md Habibur , Ali Syed Mansoor , Arpanaei Farhad , Hossain Mohammad Amzad , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Niu Ming‐bo , Parchin Naser Ojaroudi , Livreri Patrizia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPresented here are the results of an investigation conducted to determine the effectiveness of deep learning (DL)‐based systems utilizing the power of transfer learning for detecting breast cancer in histopathological images. It is shown that DL models that are not specifically developed for breast cancer detection can be trained using transfer learning to effectively detect breast cancer in histopathological images. The outcome of the analysis enables the selection of the best DL architecture for detecting cancer with high accuracy. This should facilitate pathologists to achieve early diagnoses of breast cancer and administer appropriate treatment to the patient. The experimental work here used the BreaKHis database consisting of 7909 histopathological pictures from 82 clinical breast cancer patients. The strategy presented for DL training uses various image processing techniques for extracting various feature patterns. This is followed by applying transfer learning techniques in the deep convolutional networks like ResNet, ResNeXt, SENet, Dual Path Net, DenseNet, NASNet, and Wide ResNet. Comparison with recent literature shows that ResNext‐50, ResNext‐101, DPN131, DenseNet‐169 and NASNet‐A provide an accuracy of 99.8%, 99.5%, 99.675%, 99.725%, and 99.4%, respectively, and outperform previous studies.
Investigating the relationship between inhibitory control and dietary adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on subjective and objective measures
Authors: Liu Na , Heng Chunni , Cui Yi , Wu Di , Li Ling , Bai Mengge , Guo Yanxue , Wang Wen , Zhang Yinling 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Dietary management has been recommended as the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. However, low adherence to dietary recommendations has been identified in both developed and developing countries. Previous research suggests that inhibitory control influences eating behavior, but few studies have been conducted in patients with T2DM. Thus, we aimed to explore the relationship between inhibitory control and dietary adherence among patients with T2DM.

Methods
A total of 393 patients with T2DM from the endocrinology departments of three tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled by the convenience sampling method. Dietary adherence was measured by the Dietary Behavior Adherence Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Additionally, inhibitory control was subjectively measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) and objectively assessed by the stop signal task (SST) and the Stroop task. The relationship between inhibitory control and dietary adherence was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis.

Results
Subjectively measured inhibitory control had a significant predictive effect for dietary adherence after controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Adding the inhibitory control variable to the regression equation resulted in the following values: overall model F (19, 373) = 7.096, p < 0.001, increase in R2 value by 0.069, change in F (1, 373) = 35.219, p < 0.001. Similarly, the performance of the Stroop task had a significant predictive effect for dietary adherence to some foods, i.e., carbohydrate and fat. Adding the Stroop effect variable to the regression equation resulted in the following values: overall model F (19, 81) = 2.848, p = 0.005, increase in R2 value by 0.060, change in F (1, 81) = 8.137, p = 0.006.

Conclusions
Inhibitory control was a predictor of dietary adherence in patients with T2DM. Future interventions should investigate whether inhibitory control training results in the improvement of dietary adherence in patients with T2DM.
Reduction of p11 in dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurons mediates depression-like behaviors
Authors: Li Wei , Shen Zuqi , Yin Xuan , Chang Weiqi , Chen Xiaorong , Yu Jin , Xu Shifen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe pathology of depression is related to the imbalance of various neurotransmitters. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the main brain region producing 5-HT, is crucially involved in the pathophysiology of depression. It contains several neuron types, in which GABAergic neurons are activated by stimuli associated with negative experiences and 5-HT neurons are activated by reward signals. However, little is known about its underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we found that p11, a multifunctional protein associated with depression, was down-regulated by chronic social defeat stress in 5-HTDRN neurons. Knockdown of p11 in DRN induced depression-like behaviors, while its overexpression in 5-HTDRN neurons alleviated depression-like behavior caused by chronic social defeat stress. Further, p11 regulates membrane trafficking of glutamate receptors in 5-HTDRN neurons, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism underlying the participation of p11 in the pathological process of depression. This may facilitate the understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of depression.
Horizontal acquisition of a DNA ligase improves DNA damage tolerance in eukaryotes
Authors: Nicolas Emilien , Simion Paul , Guérineau Marc , Terwagne Matthieu , Colinet Mathilde , Virgo Julie , Lingurski Maxime , Boutsen Anaïs , Dieu Marc , Hallet Bernard , Van Doninck Karine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBdelloid rotifers are part of the restricted circle of multicellular animals that can withstand a wide range of genotoxic stresses at any stage of their life cycle. In this study, bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga is used as a model to decipher the molecular basis of their extreme tolerance. Proteomic analysis shows that a specific DNA ligase, different from those usually involved in DNA repair in eukaryotes, is strongly over-represented upon ionizing radiation. A phylogenetic analysis reveals its orthology to prokaryotic DNA ligase E, and its horizontal acquisition by bdelloid rotifers and plausibly other eukaryotes. The fungus Mortierella verticillata, having a single copy of this DNA Ligase E homolog, also exhibits an increased radiation tolerance with an over-expression of this DNA ligase E following X-ray exposure. We also provide evidence that A. vaga ligase E is a major contributor of DNA breaks ligation activity, which is a common step of all important DNA repair pathways. Consistently, its heterologous expression in human cell lines significantly improves their radio-tolerance. Overall, this study highlights the potential of horizontal gene transfers in eukaryotes, and their contribution to the adaptation to extreme conditions.
SPACEL: deep learning-based characterization of spatial transcriptome architectures
Authors: Xu Hao , Wang Shuyan , Fang Minghao , Luo Songwen , Chen Chunpeng , Wan Siyuan , Wang Rirui , Tang Meifang , Xue Tian , Li Bin , Lin Jun , Qu Kun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies detect mRNA expression in single cells/spots while preserving their two-dimensional (2D) spatial coordinates, allowing researchers to study the spatial distribution of the transcriptome in tissues; however, joint analysis of multiple ST slices and aligning them to construct a three-dimensional (3D) stack of the tissue still remain a challenge. Here, we introduce spatial architecture characterization by deep learning (SPACEL) for ST data analysis. SPACEL comprises three modules: Spoint embeds a multiple-layer perceptron with a probabilistic model to deconvolute cell type composition for each spot in a single ST slice; Splane employs a graph convolutional network approach and an adversarial learning algorithm to identify spatial domains that are transcriptomically and spatially coherent across multiple ST slices; and Scube automatically transforms the spatial coordinate systems of consecutive slices and stacks them together to construct a 3D architecture of the tissue. Comparisons against 19 state-of-the-art methods using both simulated and real ST datasets from various tissues and ST technologies demonstrate that SPACEL outperforms the others for cell type deconvolution, for spatial domain identification, and for 3D alignment, thus showcasing SPACEL as a valuable integrated toolkit for ST data processing and analysis.
Straightforward synthesis of functionalized γ-Lactams using impure CO2 stream as the carbon source
Authors: Qin Yuman , Cauwenbergh Robin , Pradhan Suman , Maiti Rakesh , Franck Philippe , Das Shoubhik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDirect utilization of CO2 into organic synthesis finds enormous applications to synthesize pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. However, pure CO2 gas is essential to achieve these transformations, and the purification of CO2 is highly cost and energy intensive. Considering this, we describe a straightforward synthetic route for the synthesis of γ-lactams, a pivotal core structure of bioactive molecules, by using commercially available starting materials (alkenes and amines) and impure CO2 stream (exhaust gas is collected from the car) as the carbon source. This blueprint features a broad scope, excellent functional group compatibility and application to the late-stage transformation of existing pharmaceuticals and natural products to synthesize functionalized γ-lactams. We believe that our strategy will provide direct access to γ-lactams in a very sustainable way and will also enhance the Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) strategy.
Cation-induced changes in the inner- and outer-sphere mechanisms of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Qin Xueping , Hansen Heine A. , Honkala Karoliina , Melander Marko M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe underlying mechanism of cation effects on CO2RR remains debated. Herein, we study cation effects by simulating both outer-sphere electron transfer (OS-ET) and inner-sphere electron transfer (IS-ET) pathways during CO2RR via constrained density functional theory molecular dynamics (cDFT-MD) and slow-growth DFT-MD (SG-DFT-MD), respectively. Our results show without any cations, only OS-ET is feasible with a barrier of 1.21 eV. In the presence of K+ (Li+), OS-ET shows a very high barrier of 2.93 eV (4.15 eV) thus being prohibited. However, cations promote CO2 activation through IS-ET with the barrier of only 0.61 eV (K+) and 0.91 eV (Li+), generating the key intermediate (adsorbed CO$${}_{2}^{\delta -}$$

2

δ
−

). Without cations, CO2-to-CO$${}_{2}^{\delta -}$$

2

δ
−

(ads) conversion cannot proceed. Our findings reveal cation effects arise from short-range Coulomb interactions with reaction intermediates. These results disclose that cations modulate the inner- and outer-sphere pathways of CO2RR, offering substantial insights on the cation specificity in the initial CO2RR steps.
Common transthyretin-derived amyloid fibril structures in patients with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis
Authors: Steinebrei Maximilian , Baur Julian , Pradhan Anaviggha , Kupfer Niklas , Wiese Sebastian , Hegenbart Ute , Schönland Stefan O. , Schmidt Matthias , Fändrich Marcus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSystemic ATTR amyloidosis is an increasingly important protein misfolding disease that is provoked by the formation of amyloid fibrils from transthyretin protein. The pathological and clinical disease manifestations and the number of pathogenic mutational changes in transthyretin are highly diverse, raising the question whether the different mutations may lead to different fibril morphologies. Using cryo-electron microscopy, however, we show here that the fibril structure is remarkably similar in patients that are affected by different mutations. Our data suggest that the circumstances under which these fibrils are formed and deposited inside the body - and not only the fibril morphology - are crucial for defining the phenotypic variability in many patients.
Superwavelength self-healing of spoof surface sonic Airy-Talbot waves
Authors: Li Hao-xiang , Liu Jing-jing , Chen Zhao-xian , Wu Kai , Liang Bin , Yang Jing , Cheng Jian-chun , Christensen Johan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSelf-imaging phenomena for nonperiodic waves along a parabolic trajectory encompass both the Talbot effect and the accelerating Airy beams. Beyond the ability to guide waves along a bent trajectory, the self-imaging component offers invaluable advantages to lensless imaging comprising periodic repetition of planar field distributions. In order to circumvent thermoviscous and diffraction effects, we structure subwavelength resonators in an acoustically impenetrable surface supporting spoof surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) to provide highly confined Airy-Talbot effect, extending Talbot distances along the propagation path and compressing subwavelength lobes in the perpendicular direction. From a linear array of loudspeakers, we judiciously control the amplitude and phase of the SSAWs above the structured surface and quantitatively evaluate the self-healing performance of the Airy-Talbot effect by demonstrating how the distinctive scattering patterns remain largely unaffected against superwavelength obstacles. Furthermore, we introduce a new mechanism utilizing subwavelength Airy beam as a coding/decoding degree of freedom for acoustic communication with high information density comprising robust transport of encoded signals.