bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry in support of drug discovery
Authors: Cai Yanxuan , Kingery David , McConnell Oliver , Bach Alvin C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe performance of the atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) technique was evaluated against five sets of standards and drug‐like compounds and compared to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). The APPI technique was first used to analyze a set of 86 drug standards with diverse structures and polarities with a 100% detection rate. More detailed studies were then performed for another three sets of both drug standards and proprietary drug candidates. All 60 test compounds in these three sets were detected by APPI with an overall higher ionization efficiency than either APCI or ESI. Most of the non‐polar compounds in these three sets were not ionized by APCI or ESI. Analysis of a final set of 201 Wyeth proprietary drug candidates by APPI, APCI and ESI provided an additional comparison of the ionization techniques. The detection rates in positive ion mode were 94% for APPI, 84% for APCI, and 84% for ESI. Combining positive and negative ion mode detection, APPI detected 98% of the compounds, while APCI and ESI detected 91%, respectively. This analysis shows that APPI is a valuable tool for day‐to‐day usage in a pharmaceutical company setting because it is able to successfully ionize more compounds, with greater structural diversity, than the other two ionization techniques. Consequently, APPI could be considered a more universal ionization method, and therefore has great potential in high‐throughput drug discovery especially for open access liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combinatorial criteria for uniqueness of Gibbs measures
Authors: Weitz Dror 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe generalize previously known conditions for uniqueness of the Gibbs measure in statistical physics models by presenting conditions of any finite size for models on any underlying graph. We give two dual conditions, one requiring that the total influenceona site is small, and the other that the total influenceofa site is small. Our proofs are combinatorial in nature and use tools from the analysis of discrete Markov chains, in particular the path coupling method. The implications of our conditions for the mixing time of natural Markov chains associated with the models are discussed as well. We also present some examples of models for which the conditions hold. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
On the asymptotic behavior of some algorithms
Authors: Robert Philippe 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA simple approach is presented to study the asymptotic behavior of some algorithms with an underlying tree structure. It is shown that some asymptotic oscillating behaviors can be precisely analyzed without resorting to complex analysis techniques as it is usually done in this context. A new explicit representation of periodic functions involved is obtained at the same time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
The impact of choice of reference charts and equations on the assessment of fetal biometry
Authors: Salomon L. J. , Bernard J. P. , Duyme M. , Buvat I. , Ville Y. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectivesThe assessment of fetal biometry is usually based on the comparison of measured values with predicted values derived from reference charts or equations in a normal population. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of the choice of reference charts and to develop a Z‐score‐based tool that could help sonographers to choose the reference charts that best fit their practice.MethodsFetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur diaphysis length measurements were made at 20–24 and 30–34 weeks' gestation by four experienced sonographers. All measurements were transformed into Z‐scores calculated according to three prediction equations (Snijders and Nicolaides, 1994; Chitty et al., 1994 and Kurmanavicius et al., 1999). Distributions of Z‐scores were compared to the expected standard normal distribution based on mean, SD and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Simulations were made to assess sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and Youden's index (Se + Sp − 1) of each reference equation, reflecting their ability to identify fetuses with abnormal biometry in our population. The reference that best fitted our practice was determined based on these results.ResultsThe Z‐scores of all biometric parameters were significantly different (P < 0.001) when using any of the three reference equations, and none of the Z‐score distributions could be considered similar to the standard normal distribution. The number of measurements that would be considered as abnormal according to these references ranged from 2.6% to 23.6%. Se and Sp ranged from 39.59% to 67.12% and 90.14% to 99.69%, respectively.ConclusionAssessment of fetal biometry is largely dependent on the choice of reference charts. We suggest that the choice of reference charts for fetal biometry could be controlled using Z‐scores in each institution and that this could be the first step towards any quality assessment policy. The method we describe for the choice of the most appropriate fetal biometry reference chart might be used for all size charts. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of 60 neonates who had ARED flow prenatally compared with a matched control group of appropriate‐for‐gestational age preterm neonates
Authors: Hartung J. , Kalache K. D. , Heyna C. , Heling K.‐S. , Kuhlig M. , Wauer R. , Bollmann R. , Chaoui R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the course and outcome of fetuses with absent or reversed end‐diastolic (ARED) flow in the umbilical artery (UA) and to examine the influence of prematurity according to gestational age at delivery.MethodsSixty pregnancies complicated by ARED flow in the UA were monitored by repeat Doppler measurements of arterial and venous vessels, non‐stress tests (cardiotocogram (CTG)) and maternal investigations, and were delivered between 24 and 34 weeks. Fetal outcome was investigated and compared to a control group of appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA) preterm neonates, matched for gestational age. Mortality, birth weight, Apgar scores, postnatal cord arterial pH and need for ventilation were all recorded, as were cases of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, persistent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, abnormal neurological findings and those requiring surgical intervention. Additionally, the group of fetuses with ARED flow was divided into three subgroups of different degrees of prematurity (delivery between 24 + 0 and 28 + 6 weeks, delivery between 29 + 0 and 31 + 6 weeks, and delivery after 32 weeks) and compared according to the above parameters.ResultsPre‐ or postnatal death occurred in 16 cases. Comparing the 44 (61%) that were born alive with the AGA neonates, significant differences were found in birth weight (P < 0.001), arterial pH value (P < 0.001), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P = 0.002) and intestinal complications (P < 0.01). Prematurity‐related complications were: need for ventilation (P = 0.001), respiratory distress syndrome (P < 0.0001), periventricular leukomalacia (P = 0.002) and pathological neurological testing (P = 0.005).ConclusionsNeonates displaying ARED flow before birth are growth restricted, acidemic at delivery and are at high risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intestinal complications. While perinatal mortality seems to be related to abnormal fetal Doppler velocimetry, age at delivery has a significant impact on short‐term morbidity. After 32 weeks, morbidity is low and delivery should be considered. It could be speculated from our data that prolongation of pregnancy with Doppler velocimetry monitoring could help to reduce morbidity, although prolongation remains limited in most cases. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound for the assessment of breast lesions
Authors: Watermann D. O. , Földi M. , Hanjalic‐Beck A. , Hasenburg A. , Lüghausen A. , Prömpeler H. , Gitsch G. , Stickeler E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound in comparison with conventional two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound in the characterization of breast lesions.MethodsThe digitally stored 2D ultrasound images and the corresponding 3D scans of 100 breast lesions (57 malignant, 43 benign) that had been morphologically classified as solid tumors, were independently analyzed by six investigators. Ten 2D and 13 3D ultrasound characteristics were determined. Lesion characterization was classified on a four‐point scale and a logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. A receiver–operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic performance of 2D and 3D ultrasound, respectively.ResultsUltrasound criteria showed major differences between 2D and 3D ultrasound. Logistic regression revealed the retraction phenomenon in the coronal plane of the 3D ultrasound scan to be a significant and independent factor for lesion characterization. The characteristics determined on the conventional planes of 3D ultrasound differed from those determined on the 2D ultrasound images. The diagnostic accuracy of 2D and 3D ultrasound in the ROC analysis was almost identical (area under the curve 0.846 and 0.851, respectively).ConclusionsUltrasound features on 3D ultrasound differ significantly from those on 2D ultrasound. However, the diagnostic accuracy of both methods is almost identical. 3D ultrasound as an adjunct to conventional 2D ultrasound should be evaluated in larger trials to determine its clinical value in breast imaging. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal sonographic findings in Peters‐plus syndrome
Authors: Boog G. , Le Vaillant C. , Joubert M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPeters syndrome is a congenital disease resulting from deficient cleavage of the anterior chamber of the eye. Peters‐plus syndrome (PpS) is characterized by the typical ocular anomalies of Peters syndrome in association with impaired growth, mental retardation and other malformations. We report the first prenatal description of PpS in the 20‐week fetus of a consanguineous couple. Ultrasound examination revealed microphthalmia and hyperechogenicity of the anterior part of the eye with a central defect, micrognathia and long philtrum, short limbs with broad extremities and unilateral multicystic kidney. The pregnancy was terminated on parental request. Autopsy, including careful ocular examination, established the diagnosis of PpS. PpS has an autosomal‐recessive mode of inheritance. The ocular anomaly has been linked with mutations in genes PAX6, PITX2, PITX3 and CYP1B1, but the causal factor of PpS remains unknown. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal findings in epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia in a family not known to be at risk
Authors: De Jenlis Sicot B. , Deruelle P. , Kacet N. , Vaillant C. , Subtil D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (EB‐PA) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease with a poor prognosis. We report a case of EB‐PA in a non‐consanguineous couple with a non‐contributory family history. The primigravid woman was referred to us because of polyhydramnios associated with fetal gastric dilatation at 33 weeks of gestation. Maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) had been elevated at 15 weeks' gestation (3.08 multiples of the median), and ultrasound examination showed polyhydramnios with echogenic amniotic fluid, gastric dilatation, and no other associated malformation. The fetal karyotype was normal female (46,XX). Acetylcholinesterase (ACHe) and AFP levels in the amniotic fluid were normal. Labor occurred spontaneously at 35 weeks' gestation. Clinical examination of the newborn showed large areas of cutaneous blisters and erosions, as well as pyloric atresia. Immunofluorescence analysis of skin samples confirmed EB‐PA. Molecular analysis showed a new mutation of the integrin β‐4 gene: heterozygote missense deletions (3807delC/310delC, respectively, exons 31 and 5). The child died from severe sepsis at the age of 13 days. Our observation emphasizes the difficulty of interpreting prenatal ultrasound findings when there is no suggestive context. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qualitative venous Doppler flow waveform analysis in preterm intrauterine growth‐restricted fetuses with ARED flow in the umbilical artery—correlation with short‐term outcome
Authors: Schwarze A. , Gembruch U. , Krapp M. , Katalinic A. , Germer U. , Axt‐Fliedner R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to examine the significance of severe Doppler waveform abnormalities in the ductus venosus (DV) and the umbilical vein (UV) for the prediction of adverse outcomes in very preterm growth‐restricted fetuses with absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow in the umbilical artery (UA) at 24–34 weeks of gestation.MethodsSeventy‐four fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and absent or reversed end‐diastolic (ARED) flow in the UA at 24–34 weeks of gestation, which were delivered before 34 weeks' gestation, were examined. Absent or reversed flow during atrial contraction (a‐wave) in the DV and pulsatile flow in the UV were examined to predict severe perinatal outcomes (stillbirth, neonatal death, perinatal death, acidemia, 5 min Apgar < 7, intraventricular hemorrhage and elevated nucleated red blood cell counts at delivery).ResultsTwelve (16.2%) perinatal deaths, of which eight were stillbirths (10.8%), and two (2.7%) neonatal deaths occurred among 74 fetuses. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that abnormal DV Doppler waveforms (R2 = 0.57, P < 0.001) together with gestational age at delivery (R2 = 0.57, P < 0.001) showed the strongest association with perinatal death, whereas only gestational age was significantly related to neonatal death (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.05). Abnormal DV Doppler waveforms (R2 = 0.86, P < 0.001) and gestational age (R2 = 0.49, P < 0.05) were strongly associated with adverse outcome (including stillbirth, perinatal death or neonatal death). Abnormal venous Doppler flow patterns performed better in the prediction of fetal or perinatal demise than did ARED flow or brain sparing.ConclusionAbnormal venous Doppler waveforms in preterm IUGR fetuses with ARED flow are strongly related to adverse fetal and perinatal outcomes before 32 weeks of gestation. The possible benefit of prolonging these pregnancies can only be evaluated in a prospective randomized study. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for Down syndrome based on maternal age or fetal nuchal translucency: a randomized controlled trial in 39 572 pregnancies
Authors: Saltvedt S. , Almström H. , Kublickas M. , Valentin L. , Bottinga R. , Bui T.‐H. , Cederholm M. , Conner P. , Dannberg B. , Malcus P. , Marsk A. , Grunewald C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectivesNuchal translucency (NT) screening increases antenatal detection of Down syndrome (DS) compared to maternal age‐based screening. We wanted to determine if a change in policy for prenatal diagnosis would result in fewer babies born with DS.MethodsA total of 39 572 pregnant women were randomized to a scan at 12–14 gestational weeks including NT screening for DS (12‐week group) or to a scan at 15–20 weeks with screening for DS based on maternal age (18‐week group). Fetal karyotyping was offered if risk according to NT was ≥ 1:250 in the 12‐week group and if maternal age was ≥ 35 years in the 18‐week group. Both policies included the offer of karyotyping in cases of fetal anomaly detected at any scan during pregnancy or when there was a history of fetal chromosomal anomaly. The number of babies born with DS and the number of invasive tests for fetal karyotyping were compared.ResultsTen babies with DS were born alive with the 12‐week policy vs. 16 with the 18‐week policy (P = 0.25). More fetuses with DS were spontaneously lost or terminated in the 12‐week group (45/19 796) than in the 18‐week group (27/19 776; P = 0.04). All women except one with an antenatal diagnosis of DS at < 22 weeks terminated the pregnancy. For each case of DS detected at < 22 weeks in a living fetus there were 16 invasive tests in the 12‐week group vs. 89 in the 18‐week group. NT screening detected 71% of cases of DS for a 3.5% test‐positive rate whereas maternal age had the potential of detecting 58% for a test‐positive rate of 18%.ConclusionsThe number of newborns with DS differed less than expected between pregnancies that had been screened at 12–14 weeks' gestation by NT compared with those screened at 15–20 weeks by maternal age. One explanation could be that NT screening—because it is performed early in pregnancy—results in the detection and termination of many pregnancies with a fetus with DS that would have resulted in miscarriage without intervention, and also by many cases of DS being detected because of a fetal anomaly seen on an 18‐week scan. The major advantage of the 12‐week scan policy is that many fewer invasive tests for fetal karyotyping are needed per antenatally detected case of DS. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement in detection limits by using helium ions for particle‐induced x‐ray emission
Authors: Beck Lucile 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPIXE analysis is usually carried out by using protons as the incident projectiles. Protons generally present the advantages of large penetration depth and high ionization power. However, the use of heavier ions can be useful in a specific context. Deuterons or helium‐4 ions produce negligible nuclear bremsstrahlung for matrix elements whose Z/A is close to 0.5 and the secondary electron bremsstrahlung is shifted to lower x‐ray energies. Thanks to the reduction of these backgrounds, better limits of detection are expected. In this study, helium‐induced x‐ray emission (HIXE) analysis was applied to various thick specimens. We observed that the detection of light trace elements in medium‐Z matrices can be improved by selecting an appropriate energy for the helium ion beam. For calcite, brass or casting iron, the signal‐to‐background ratios for Mg, Si, P, S, etc. are enhanced by using helium ions instead of protons. Moreover, as the intensity of the major element peaks (Ca, Cu or Fe) is low, the use of x‐ray absorbers for limiting the counting rate is less necessary. As a result, the detection limits of the low elements in these matrices are reduced by a factor of two. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of matrix solutions of generalized nonlinear wave equation
Authors: Gudkov V.V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFour classes of nonlinear wave equations are joined in one generalized nonlinear wave equation. A theorem is proved that the whole series of matrix functions satisfy the generalized wave equation. A justification of rotational properties of matrix solutions is given and a mathematical model of the ring vortex around the acute edge is proposed using of matrix solutions.
On the simultaneous effects of gas rarefaction, wall porosity, and inertia in microchannel flows
Authors: Stevanovic N.D. , Djordjevic V.D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe superposition of two effects that cause the flow to slip over the walls of a microchannel: Gas rarefaction and wall porosity, is treated in the paper. At that, in order to account for moderately high values of the Reynolds number, observed in some experiments, the effect of inertia is included into the analysis as a second order effect. The approach is fully analytic and consists in the development of a simple perturbation scheme in which the Knudsen number plays the role of a unique small parameter. The obtained results are in qualitative agreement with experiments, and may be usefully applied for the design of aerostatic bearings in which a porous material is used as the flow restrictor.
Refinement is complete for implementations
Authors: Huth Michael 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Modal transition systems specify sets of implementations, their refining labelled transition systems, through Larsen & Thomsen’s co-inductive notion of refinement. We demonstrate that refinement precisely captures the identification of a modal transition system with its set of implementations: refinement is reverse containment of sets of implementations. This result extends to models that combine state and event observables and is drawn from a
SFP
-domain whose elements are equivalence classes of modal transition systems under refinement [HJS04], and abstraction-based finite-model properties proved in this paper. As a corollary, validity checking is model checking for Hennessy-Milner formulas that characterize modal transition systems with bounded computation paths. We finally sketch how techniques developed in this paper can be used to detect inconsistencies between multiple modal transition systems and, if consistent, to verify properties of all common implementations.
HIV infection among pregnant women in Nigeria
Authors: Sagay A.S. , Kapiga S.H. , Imade G.E. , Sankale J.L. , Idoko J. , Kanki P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: To determine risk factors for HIV among pregnant women (N = 2657) receiving antenatal services in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria. Methods: Information about potential risk factors was obtained at interview. Biological samples were collected for detection of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Results: The prevalence of HIV was 8.2%. Women aged 20–29 years had more than 4‐fold increased risk of HIV. Women of Catholic (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.01–2.95) and Pentecostal (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.46–4.52) denominations were more likely to be HIV‐infected when compared to Moslem women. The risk of HIV was also increased among women with multiple marriages and in women married to a banker/accountant. Other predictors of HIV were having a husband with other partners, perceived risk of HIV, STIs, candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Conclusions: Development of effective interventions, including behavioral change, expansion of perinatal HIV prevention services and STI control, should be given the highest priority.