bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charged Fibrous Dressing to Promote Diabetic Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Yang Xiaomeng , Li Wei , Liu Youmei , Cao Ni , He Yang , Sun Qiangqiang , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiabetic chronic wounds cause a significant amount of pain to patients because of their low cure rates and high recurrence rates. Traditional approaches to treating diabetic chronic wounds often involve the delivery of drugs or cytokines that regulate the microenvironment and eliminate bacterial infection in the wound area, but they are passive in controlling cell behaviors and may lead to drug resistance. Emerging drug‐free wound treatments are important for convenient, effective, and safe treatment strategies. However, the current approaches cannot fully promote tissue regeneration or prevent bacterial infections. Here, the efficacy of a negatively charged fiber dressing in promoting diabetic chronic wound healing is investigated. The negatively charged fiber dressing can generate reactive oxygen species to inhibit bacterial reproduction with the assistance of ultrasound during the inflammatory phase. Furthermore, the dressing provides an electrostatic field that regulates cellular behavior during the inflammatory and proliferative phases. In particular, the dressing can promote fibroblast migration and induce macrophage polarization and neovascularization without any additional drugs. It is demonstrated that this strategy enables the healing of diabetic chronic wounds in a mouse model, achieving effective wound closure over a 12‐day treatment cycle and providing a drug‐free therapeutic strategy for diabetic chronic wound care.
Heart Sounds Classification Based on High‐Order Spectrogram and Multi‐Convolutional Neural Network after a New Screening Strategy
Authors: Li Yasheng , Yi Jizheng , Zhong Bolin , Yi Ziyu , Chen Aibin , Jin Ze 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a pre‐processing method for heart sound screening and extracts the high‐order spectral feature of phonocardiogram. Moreover, a multi‐convolutional neural network (mCNN) is constructed to achieve the classification of normal, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and mitral valve prolapse. First, the heart sound recordings are down‐sampled, denoised by wavelet transform, and normalized. Second, a new heart sound screening algorithm is proposed. The waveform of the heart sound recording is segmented and saved as an image which is performed by the gray‐scale processing to calculate the amplitude of the heart sound. The extremely noisy heart sound segments are screened out based on the amplitude information, and the remaining heart sound segments are spliced as pure heart sound recordings. After 50% superposition segmentation of the heart sound recordings, high‐order spectral features are extracted and image data are stored. Finally, a 34‐layer mCNN is specifically designed to boost the performance of heart sound classification through multi‐layer dimensionality reduction. Experimental results show that the proposed method has superior performance compared with the existing one. For the two‐category dataset, the accuracy with and without PCG screening is 97.99% and 99.42%, respectively. For the five‐category dataset, the average accuracy is 99%.
A Universal Electrochemical Synthetic Strategy for the Direct Assembly of Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Lv Ya‐Kun , Wang Kun , Sun Wen‐Yan , Peng Peng , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been one of the frontiers in the field of catalysis in recent years owing to their high atomic utilization and unique electronic structure. To facilitate the practical application of single‐atom, it is vital to develop a sustainable, facile single‐atom preparation method with mass production potential. Herein, a universal one‐step electrochemical synthesis strategy is proposed, and various metal–organic framework‐supported SACs (including Pt, Au, Ir, Pd, Ru, Mo, Rh, and W) are straightforwardly obtained by simply replacing the guest metal precursors. As a proof‐of‐concept, the electrosynthetic Pt‐based catalysts exhibit outstanding activity and stability in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study not only enriches the single‐atom synthesis methodology, but also extends the scenario of electrochemical synthesis, opening up new avenues for the design of advanced electro‐synthesized catalysts.
High Gain Derived from Facile Carrier Dynamics Manipulation for Sensitive X‐ray Detection and Imaging
Authors: Liu Shilin , Ding Yijing , Wang Xin , Li Yuwei , Chen Jing , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhu Zhuoya , Wu Jun , Fayemi Omolola Esther , Bae Byung Seong , Zhu Ying , Lei Wei , Xu Xiaobao , Li Qing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSignal amplification is vitally important for sensing low‐dose X‐rays in medical diagnosis by amplifying the generated electric read‐out signal. However, the complexity of external amplification circuits hampers device miniaturization and portability, while integrating amplification functionality directly into sensors or detectors remains a significant and formidable challenge. In this work, a direct high‐gain X‐ray detector with facile electron drift speed manipulation is reported in perovskite single‐crystal film (SCF). By employing laser‐assisted nucleation, high‐quality MAPbBr3 SCF is fabricated with precise control of thickness from ≈20 to ≈500 µm and the area up to 3 by 2 cm, while the architecture of ITO/MAPbBr3/Au is constructed to form the Schottky junction in opposite polarity. With the assistance of applied bias, the space electric field over MAPbBr3 SCF can be tunable, which ensures the manipulation of charge carrier drift speed to form recirculation for internal gain. The resultant photodetector exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1.44 × 105 µC Gy−1 cm−2 with a gain of 5.14 × 105, an ultralow detection limit of 39.8 nGy s−1, and the X‐ray array imaging is achieved at a low dose rate of 5 µGy s−1. These results confirm the advance of high‐gain detectors in constructing sensing arrays for practical safe medical diagnosis.
G‐MATT: Single‐step retrosynthesis prediction using molecular grammar tree transformer
Authors: Zhang Kevin , Mann Vipul , Venkatasubramanian Venkat 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVarious template‐based and template‐free approaches have been proposed for single‐step retrosynthesis prediction in recent years. While these approaches demonstrate strong performance from a data‐driven metrics standpoint, many model architectures do not incorporate underlying chemistry principles. Here, we propose a novel chemistry‐aware retrosynthesis prediction framework that combines powerful data‐driven models with prior domain knowledge. We present a tree‐to‐sequence transformer architecture that utilizes hierarchical SMILES grammar‐based trees, incorporating crucial chemistry information that is often overlooked by SMILES text‐based representations, such as local structures and functional groups. The proposed framework, grammar‐based molecular attention tree transformer (G‐MATT), achieves significant performance improvements compared to baseline retrosynthesis models. G‐MATT achieves a promising top‐1 accuracy of 51% (top‐10 accuracy of 79.1%), an invalid rate of 1.5%, and a bioactive similarity rate of 74.8% on the USPTO‐50K dataset. Additional analyses of G‐MATT attention maps demonstrate the ability to retain chemistry knowledge without relying on excessively complex model architectures.
Surface‐Degenerate Semiconductor Photocatalysis for Efficient Water Splitting without Sacrificial Agents via a Reticular Chemistry Approach
Authors: Shiuan Ng Li , Raja Mogan Tharishinny , Lee Jinn‐Kye , Li Haitao , Ken Lee Chi‐Lik , Kwee Lee Hiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe production of green hydrogen through photocatalytic water splitting is crucial for a sustainable hydrogen economy and chemical manufacturing. However, current approaches suffer from slow hydrogen production (<70 μmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1) due to the sluggish four‐electrons oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and limited catalyst activity. Herein, we achieve efficient photocatalytic water splitting by exploiting a multifunctional interface between a nano‐photocatalyst and metal–organic framework (MOF) layer. The functional interface plays two critical roles: (1) enriching electron density directly on photocatalyst surface to promote catalytic activity, and (2) delocalizing photogenerated holes into MOF to enhance OER. Our photocatalytic ensemble boosts hydrogen evolution by ≈100‐fold over pristine photocatalyst and concurrently produces oxygen at ideal stoichiometric ratio, even without using sacrificial agents. Notably, this unique design attains superior hydrogen production (519 μmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1) and apparent quantum efficiency up to 13‐fold and 8‐fold better than emerging photocatalytic designs utilizing hole scavengers. Comprehensive investigations underscore the vital role of the interfacial design in generating high‐energy photoelectrons on surface‐degenerate photocatalyst to thermodynamically drive hydrogen evolution, while leveraging the nanoporous MOF scaffold as an effective photohole sink to enhance OER. Our interfacial approach creates vast opportunities for designing next‐generation, multifunctional photocatalytic ensembles using reticular chemistry with diverse energy and environmental applications.
The cerebellum plays more than one role in the dysregulation of appetite: Review of structural evidence from typical and eating disorder populations
Authors: Sader Michelle , Waiter Gordon D. , Williams Justin H. G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveDysregulated appetite control is characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and obesity (OB). Studies using a broad range of methods suggest the cerebellum plays an important role in aspects of weight and appetite control, and is implicated in both AN and OB by reports of aberrant gray matter volume (GMV) compared to nonclinical populations. As functions of the cerebellum are anatomically segregated, specific localization of aberrant anatomy may indicate the mechanisms of its relationship with weight and appetite in different states. We sought to determine if there were consistencies in regions of cerebellar GMV changes in AN/BN and OB, as well as across normative (NOR) variation.MethodSystematic review and meta‐analysis using GingerALE.ResultsTwenty‐six publications were identified as either case–control studies (nOB = 277; nAN/BN = 510) or regressed weight from NOR data against brain volume (total n = 3830). AN/BN and OB analyses both showed consistently decreased GMV within Crus I and Lobule VI, but volume reduction was bilateral for AN/BN and unilateral for OB. Analysis of the NOR data set identified a cluster in right posterior lobe that overlapped with AN/BN cerebellar reduction. Sensitivity analyses indicated robust repeatability for NOR and AN/BN cohorts, but found OB‐specific heterogeneity.DiscussionFindings suggest that more than one area of the cerebellum is involved in control of eating behavior and may be differentially affected in normal variation and pathological conditions. Specifically, we hypothesize an association with sensorimotor and emotional learning via Lobule VI in AN/BN, and executive function via Crus I in OB.
Biomedical Applications of 2D MXene Nanocomposites: A Review
Authors: Thakur Atul , Pathania Abhilash , Salvi Anand , Kharbanda Saarthak , Dhanda Neetu , Shandaliya Manish , Wan Fayu , Thakur Preeti 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiomaterials technology has advanced significantly in recent years and 2D nanostructures have played a key role in this advancement. A new ceramic 2D nanomaterial, MXene, made up of transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides with a planar layout that was produced by etching away “A” from a ceramic phase called “MAX”, has emerged to overcome the shortcomings of traditional biomaterials. MXene is used inadequately in biomedical applications due to its weak stability in physiological conditions, lack of prolonged and low biodegradability, and self‐controlled drug release. These drawbacks have given rise to the idea of using MXene/Polymer nano composites, due to their major properties like large surface area, metallic conductivity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and size tunability. Polymer functionalization is possible by the surface‐available functional groups. This review has been done to focus on cutting‐edge examples such as polymer functionalized composites MXene for the developing field of biomedical applications. These applications consist of precise and prolonged antimicrobial activity, bio sensing, therapeutics, drug delivery, contrast‐enhanced diagnostic imaging, tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and bone regeneration.
Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Ni(OH)2‐Supported Core‐Shell Ni@Pd Nanocomposites for the Electro‐Oxidation of Small Organic Molecules
Authors: Wu Chenshuo , Zhou Lei , Zhang Junxiang , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the domain of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the development of efficient and durable catalysts for the electro‐oxidation of small organic molecules, especially of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, et al.) has always been a hot topic. A large number of related electrocatalysts with splendid performance have been designed and synthesized till now, while the preparation processes of most of them are demanding on experimental operations and conditions. Herein, we put forward a facile and handy method for the preparation of multifunctional Ni(OH)2‐supported core‐shell Ni@Pd nanocomposites (Ni(OH)2/Ni@Pd NCs) with the assistance of galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) at room temperature and ambient pressure. As expected, the Ni(OH)2 substrate can prevent the aggregation of core‐shell (CS) Ni@Pd nanoparticles (NPs) and inhibit the formation of COads and further prevent Pd from being poisoned. The synergistic effect between CS Ni@Pd NPs and Ni(OH)2 substrate and the electronic effect between Pd shell and Ni core contribute to the outstanding electrocatalytic performance for methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol oxidation in alkaline condition. This study provides a succinct method for the design and preparation of efficient Pd‐based electrocatalysts for alcohol electro‐oxidation.
Targeting of endothelial cells in brain tumours
Authors: Duan Wenzhe , Xia Shengkai , Tang Mengyi , Lin Manqing , Liu Wenwen , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAggressive brain tumours, whether primary gliomas or secondary metastases, are characterised by hypervascularisation and are fatal. Recent research has emphasised the crucial involvement of endothelial cells (ECs) in all brain tumour genesis and development events, with various patterns and underlying mechanisms identified.Main bodyHere, we highlight recent advances in knowledge about the contributions of ECs to brain tumour development, providing a comprehensive summary including descriptions of interactions between ECs and tumour cells, the heterogeneity of ECs and new models for research on ECs in brain malignancies. We also discuss prospects for EC targeting in novel therapeutic approaches.ConclusionInterventions targeting ECs, as an adjunct to other therapies (e.g. immunotherapies, molecular‐targeted therapies), have shown promising clinical efficacy due to the high degree of vascularisation in brain tumours. Developing precise strategies to target tumour‐associated vessels based on the heterogeneity of ECs is expected to improve anti‐vascular efficacy.
Disentangling mechanisms of species–energy relationships in experimental deep‐sea wood falls
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Bryant S. River D. , Hanks Granger , Byrnes Jarrett 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA multitude of hypotheses have been invoked to explain increases in richness with increases in energy availability. Experiments have the potential to reveal causality, and species–energy experiments have yielded substantial insights into energetic community assembly. Here, we examine six mechanisms underlying species–energy relationships in an experimental wood fall system in the deep Gulf of Mexico. Twenty‐four wood falls were deployed in the deep Gulf of Mexico for 21 months. To test for differences in total energy availability, individual wood falls ranged in size from 0.91 to 24 kg, corresponding to different levels of energy available to the wood‐obligate invertebrate communities assembling on wood falls. To test for differences in total energy accessibility, we chose a softwood (pine, n = 12) and soft hardwood (sugarberry, n = 12). Structural equation models were used to disentangle the multiple hypothesized pathways by which changes in wood fall type and mass correlated with richness. Whereas we find support for the more individuals hypothesis, we also find that niche dynamics and competition play important roles as well linking energy and diversity. Furthermore, we find that not only the total energy but also the accessibility of that energy, dictating rates of energy flow, leads to differences in community structure. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we evaluate seven hypotheses to demonstrate that no single hypotheses alone can predict the species–energy relationship.
A Computational Study into the Mechanism of B−B Bond Cleavage in a Magnesium(II) Diboranate Complex
Authors: McMullin Claire L. , Neale Samuel E. , Young Georgia L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe breaking of the asymmetric B−B bond within a MgII diboranate complex, [Mg](pinBB(nBu)pin) when [(MeBDIDipp)Mg]≡[Mg], in the presence of DMAP (4‐dimethylaminopyridine), is analyzed with DFT (Density Functional Theory) and NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) methods. The formation of a magnesium‐boryl species, [Mg](Bpin)(DMAP)], which exhibits boron “umpolung” nucleophilic behaviour, is explored through “inner” and “outer” sphere mechanisms, alongside a spontaneous base capture pathway. Charges, bond occupancies, Frontier Orbitals and a steric parameter are used to rationalise the mechanistic features of the system, as well as various reactivity observations. Functional testing results and attempts to model unusual 11B NMR data are also reported.
Continued atmospheric electric field measurements following cessation of the long‐term water dropper potential equalizer at Kakioka, Japan
Authors: Kamogawa Masashi , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Minamoto Yasuhiro , Nagao Toshiyasu , Kodama Tetsuya , Fujiwara Hironobu , Kudo Takeshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSurface atmospheric electric field (AEF) measurements were conducted using a Kelvin water dropper equalizer by the Japan Meteorological Agency's geomagnetic observatory at Kakioka, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, from 1929 to February 28, 2021. To obtain AEF data successive to the water dropper measurement, we independently installed the field mills at Kakioka. In this present study, we estimated the calibration coefficients based on comparisons between the water dropper and the field mills through parallel observations over 3 days. The results revealed that the new observations could be regarded as continuous data. Our new data from the field mills in this study have begun the process of being distributed in GLObal Coordination of Atmospheric Electricity Measurements (GloCAEM) as both archived and real‐time data in 1 min and 1 s samplings.
Co‐design of a digital app “WhatMatters” to support person‐centred care: A critical reflection
Authors: Sakamoto Mariko , Guo Yi Peng (Ellen) , Wong Karen Lok Yi , Mann Jim , Berndt Annette , Boger Jennifer , Currie Leanne , Raber Caylee , Egeberg Eva , Burke Chelsea , Sood Garima , Lim Angelica , Yao Sasha , Phinney Alison , Hung Lillian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with dementia often do not receive optimal person‐centred care (PCC) in care settings. Family members can play a vital role as care partners to support the person with dementia with their psychosocial needs. Participatory research that includes the perspectives of those with lived experience is essential for developing high‐quality dementia care and practices.ObjectiveThroughout 2021–2022, a mobile app, called WhatMatters, was co‐developed to provide easy‐to‐access and personalised support for people with dementia in hospitals and long‐term care homes, with input from patients/residents, family partners and healthcare staff. This article discusses and critically reflects on the experiences of patients/residents, family partners, and healthcare staff involved in the co‐design process.MethodsFor the app development, we applied a participatory co‐design approach, guided by a User Experience (UX) model. The process involved co‐design workshops and user testing sessions with users (patients/residents, family partners, healthcare staff) to co‐develop the WhatMatters prototype. We also conducted focus groups and one on one interviews with staff and caregiver participants to explore their experiences. Our research team, which also included patient partners, took part in regular team meetings during the app's development, where we discussed and reflected on the co‐design process. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed to identify themes that represent the challenges and rewarding experiences of the users involved in the co‐design process, which guided our overall reflective process.FindingsOur reflective analysis identified five themes (1) clarifying the co‐design process, (2) ensuring inclusive collaborations of various users, and (3) supporting expression of emotion in a virtual environment, (4) feeling a sense of achievement and (5) feeling valued.ImplicationsWhatMatters offers potential for providing personally relevant and engaging resources in dementia care. Including the voices of relevant users is crucial to ensure meaningful benefits for patients/residents. We offer insights and lessons learned about the co‐design process, and explore the challenges of involving people with lived experiences of dementia in co‐design work, particularly during the pandemic.
Impact of 24‐epibrassinoliode and methyl jasmonate on quality of Red Delicious apples
Authors: Wang ZhaoDan , Asghari Mohammadreza , Zahedipour‐Sheshglani Pari , Mohammadzadeh Kamal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDChanges in apple fruit quality indices in response to foliar spray with 24‐epibrassinolide (EBL) at 0 and 1 μmol L−1 and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at 0 and 0.5 μmol L−1, as well as the combination of these phytohormones, were investigated at harvest and during cold storage.RESULTSBoth phytohormones synergistically enhanced the fruit firmness, specific weight, size, fresh weight, water content, total antioxidant activity, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, total anthocyanins, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and precocity. In addition, the fruit abscission pattern was changed in response to different treatments. Treated fruit exhibited lower weight loss and internal breakdown symptoms and higher total soluble solids index, firmness and phytochemicals during cold storage. A negative correlation was seen between fruit mass, firmness, specific weight, antioxidant activity, total phenolics and vitamin C content with internal breakdown occurrence and weight loss.CONCLUSIONFoliar spray with EBL and MeJA during the growth season is a good environmental friendly and safe method for enhancing the apple fruit different quality parameters, marketability and postharvest life. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.