bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apoptotic death following Fas activation in human oligodendrocyte hybrid cultures
Authors: Li Weiping , Maeda Yasuhiro , Ming Xue , Cook Stuart , Chapin John , Husar Walter , Dowling Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine how oligodendrocytes die following Fas receptor activation. An immortalized human oligodendrocyte hybrid line (MO3.13) was challenged with Fas ligand (FasL), and cell death was assessed by flow cytometry and DNA gel electrophoresis. Caspase activation was determined by either Western immunoblotting on cell extracts or by whole‐cell flow cytometry. FasL challenge clearly induced substantial apoptotic cell death in the oligodendrocyte hybrid cell line, as judged by flow cytometry and by the presence of prominent low molecular weight DNA banding patterns after gel electrophoresis. Western immunoblots showed marked increases in cleaved caspase‐1, 8, and 3, indicating that the extrinsic Fas death receptor‐induced pathway was activated. The intrinsic mitochondrial pathway was also activated, but only at a minimal level. These findings demonstrate that there are several independent molecular sites within the extrinsic caspase cascade in oligodendrocytes where inhibitory compounds may be capable of blocking cell death in vivo. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood–brain barrier preservation in the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain preparation
Authors: Librizzi Laura , Janigro Damir , De Biasi Silvia , de Curtis Marco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe morphofunctional preservation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was evaluated in the isolated guinea pig brain maintained in vitro by arterial perfusion. Electron microscopy evaluation after 5 hr in vitro demonstrated that cerebral capillaries and BBB specializations in this preparation retain features compatible with structural integrity. BBB‐impermeable and ‐permeable atropine derivatives arterially perfused to antagonize carbachol‐induced fast oscillatory activity confirmed the functional preservation of the BBB in vitro. To study BBB function further, changes in extracellular K+ concentration during arterial perfusion of a high‐K+ solution were measured with K+‐sensitive electrodes positioned in the cortex and, as control, at the brain venous outlet, where the solution perfused through the brain arterial system was collected. After 5 hr in vitro, the [K+]o values measured during high‐K+ perfusion in the piriform and entorhinal cortices were 5.02 ± 0.17 mM (mean ± SE) and 5.2 ± 0.21 mM, respectively (n = 6). Coperfusion of the high‐K+ solution with the Na+/K+ pump blocker ouabain (10 μM; n = 4) induced consistently spreading depression preceded by a rise in [K+]o. Finally, sporadic, isolated spots of extravasation of the fluorescent marker fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐dextran preferentially circumscribed to deep cortical layers was observed in brains perfused with FITC‐dextran after 5 hr in vitro. The study demonstrates that the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain is viable for studying cerebrovascular interactions and BBB permeability of compounds active in the central nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:289–297, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospects for improved seasonal predictions of monsoon precipitation over Sahel
Authors: Garric G. , Douville H. , Déqué M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLong‐range forecasting is a notoriously difficult area that has received increased attention in recent years. Both statistical and dynamical methods have been proposed, which are all based on the assumption that the atmospheric variability is influenced on the seasonal time scale by lower boundary forcings such as the sea surface temperature (SST) or the continental hydrology. Whereas dynamical predictions rely on the explicit simulation of major atmospheric processes, it is still unclear that they lead to better estimations of seasonal precipitation anomalies on the regional scale. In the present study, both forecasting strategies are used to predict monsoon rainfall anomalies over Central Sahel. The statistical predictions are based on linear regressions using SST and rainfall predictors observed over 1968–97, a relatively dry period compared with the whole 20th century. The dynamical predictions are based on ten‐member ensembles of seasonal hindcasts using the ARPEGE atmospheric model forced by observed SST over the 1979–93 period. The results suggest that the ARPEGE precipitation forecasts are less skilful than a linear regression scheme based on only two predictors. However, the atmospheric model shows a better ability to simulate the variability of the large‐scale monsoon circulation. As a consequence, a simple statistical adaptation of the ARPEGE dynamical predictions is feasible and leads to better predictions of the rainfall anomalies than the direct use of the modelled precipitation. Finally, a statistico‐dynamical method is proposed, based on a multivariate regression using both observed predictors and ARPEGE dynamical outputs. Although based on too short a time‐series to lead to definitive conclusions, the results are encouraging and suggest the need to combine dynamical and statistical tools to perform efficient seasonal predictions. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Spectroscopic study of partially ordered semiconductor heterojunction under high pressure and high magnetic field
Authors: Yu P. Y. , Martinez G. , Zeman J. , Uchida K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhotoluminescence upconversion (PLU) is a phenomenon in which a sample emits photons with energy higher than that of the excitation photon. This effect has been observed in many materials, including rare earth ions doped in insulating hosts and semiconductor heterostructures without using high‐power lasers as the excitation source. Recently this effect has been observed also in partially CuPt‐ordered GaInP2 epilayers grown on GaAs substrates. As a spectroscopic technique, PLU is particularly well suited for studying band alignment at heterojunction interfaces. The value of band offset has been determined with meV precision using magneto‐photoluminescence. Using the fact that the pressure coefficient of electrons in GaAs is higher than that in GaInP2 we have been able to ‘manipulate’ the band offset at the GaInP/GaAs interface. By converting the band offset from type I to type II we were able to demonstrate that the efficiency of the upconversion process is greatly enhanced by a type II band offset. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope effect on Raman spectra of polycrystalline La0.67Ca0.33MnO3
Authors: Zhang P. X. , Huang S. J. , Habermeier H. U. , Zhao G. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectra were recorded for two samples of polycrystalline La0.67Ca0.33MnO3, which were synthesized from oxides with oxygen isotopes 16O and 18O. Isotope Raman shifts were measured and compared with the theoretical prediction. In this way the oxygen‐related Raman modes were clearly identified. Temperature‐related blue Raman shifts for 16O (18O) vibration modes at 230 cm−1 (216 cm−1) were unexpectedly observed. These blue Raman shifts were compared with the blue shift due to lattice parameter variation as the temperature is lowered. The large blue Raman shift that occurs with decrease in temperature demonstrates that the Jahn–Teller distortion may play an important role. The appearance of new peaks at 440–480 and 410–450 cm−1 for 16O and 18O samples, respectively, as the temperature decreases to 140–100 K indicates a possible charge–orbit ordering transition. A continuous low‐wavenumber signal was observed which is superimposed on the broad phonon Raman lines. It was found that the scattering intensity of the low‐wavenumber signal is dramatically reduced as the temperature is lowered. The nature of this excitation is not clear. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fourier transform Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of some quinoline derivatives
Authors: Bolboaca M. , Kiefer W. , Popp J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFourier transform (FT) Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were applied to the vibrational characterization of isoquinoline and 4‐methylquinoline. The assignment of the vibrational modes was carried out on the basis of results obtained from density functional theory calculations. The comparison of SER spectra with the FT‐Raman spectra reveals remarkable changes attributed to the chemical interaction between the molecules and the silver substrate. The SER spectra of the adsorbed molecules depend strongly on the pH conditions. Variation in SER spectra with change of pH is attributed to a change in orientation of the absorbed isoquinoline molecules with respect to the silver surface and to a change in the chemical nature of the 4‐methylquinoline molecules. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐harvest increase of indolyl glucosinolates in response to chopping and storage of Brassica vegetables
Authors: Verkerk Ruud , Dekker Matthijs , Jongen Wim M F 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBrassica vegetables contain high amounts of glucosinolates, which contribute to the beneficial health effects of their consumption. Processing of such vegetables in domestic food preparation or industrial processing will influence levels of glucosinolates considerably and thus affect their health‐protective capacity. This study demonstrates the effects of chopping of raw Brassica vegetables on their glucosinolate composition. Limited breakdown of aliphatic glucosinolates in cabbage was found, whereas unexpected increased levels of indolyl glucosinolates were detected after chopping and storage of cabbage and broccoli under ambient conditions. In chopped white cabbage a 15‐fold increase of 4‐methoxy‐ and 1‐methoxy‐3‐indolylmethyl glucosinolates was noted after 48 h of storage. Chopping and storage of broccoli resulted in a strong reduction of most glucosinolates, except for 4‐hydroxy‐ and 4‐methoxy‐3‐indolylmethyl glucosinolates, which increased 3.5‐ and 2‐fold respectively. The myrosinase‐mediated hydrolysis of glucosinolates appears to be counteracted by a post‐harvest increase of some indolyl glucosinolates. In this paper we propose a mechanism of stress‐induced increase of glucosinolates, which plays an important role besides the well‐known breakdown mechanism.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognosis of T4 gastric carcinoma patients: An appraisal of aggressive surgical treatment
Authors: Dhar Dipok Kumar , Kubota Hirofumi , Tachibana Mitsuo , Kinugasa Shoichi , Masunaga Reiko , Shibakita Muneaki , Kohno Hitoshi , Nagasue Naofumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite precipitous drop in the incidence of gastric carcinoma in Japan, it is still one of the leading causes of death associated with malignant disease. Once the contiguous organs are involved the prognosis becomes dismal. Prognostic factors governing the survival of patients with T4 gastric carcinoma remain unclear.MethodsBetween 1980 and 1998, 150 patients were treated for T4 gastric carcinoma. Results and prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsWith a 73% resectability, patients with tumor resection had a significantly (P < 0.0001) improved survival rate. Within an acceptable operative mortality (2.6‐), apparently curative cases had survival benefit (P < 0.0001) over noncurative cases. In the multivariate analysis, the death risk increased by 2.18 (relative risk) when splenectomy was spared from the operative procedure (P < 0.0071). Presence of esophageal invasion was the other independent prognostic factor in T4 gastric carcinoma patients (relative risk 2.11). Conventional prognostic factors along with the type of organs invaded by the carcinoma had no impact on prognosis.ConclusionsPatients with T4 gastric carcinoma might be benefited from aggressive surgery with a curative intent. Whenever possible, splenectomy should be done along with invaded organ resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:278–282. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complications and functional evaluation of 17 saddle prostheses for resection of periacetabular tumors*
Authors: Cottias Pascal , Jeanrot Cécile , Vinh Tho Son , Tomeno Bernard , Anract Philippe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeventeen saddle prostheses were inserted between 1988 and 1997 after resection of periacetabular tumors. The tumors involved the zones II and III of Enneking classification in 13 patients, the zones I and II in 2 patients, and the zone II in 2 patients. The tumors included 11 chondrosarcomas, 3Ewing sarcomas, 2 giant cells tumors, and 1 metastasis of renal carcinoma. The tumoral resection was wide “en bloc” in 14 cases, marginal in 2 cases, and intratumoral in 1 case. The mean follow‐up period of the patients is 42 months ranging from 8 to 84 months. Local recurrences occured in five cases and metastases in four cases. Five patients died of tumoral disease and one of intercurrent disease. Complications were observed in 11 cases (65%) including nerve damages (3 cases), deep infections (3 cases), upward migrations of the saddle (4 cases), saddle dislocations (3 cases), sacroiliac subluxations (2 cases), and mechanical failures (2 cases). The modified Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) were used for functional analysis. Functional results were available for only nine patients of the series with a mean MSTS of 17 points ranging from 11 to 23 points and a mean TESS of 58 points ranging from 39 to 95 points. The saddle prosthesis provided in all cases of this series an early painfree weight‐bearing reconstruction with minimal limb shortening, but the functional results remained fair in most patients due to a limited range of motion and a poor abductor strength. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:90–100. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1,2‐Pentadiene decomposition
Authors: Herzler Juergen , Manion Jeffrey A. , Tsang Wing 
Published: August 2002

Abstract1,2‐Pentadiene has been decomposed in single pulse shock tube experiments. There appear to be a large number of parallel decomposition and isomerization channels. The following rate expressions for isomerization in the temperature range 1100–1250 K and pressures between 200 and 300kPa have been obtainedk(1,2‐pentadiene → 1‐pentyne) = 1.0 × 1013exp(−32300 ± 900 K/T) s−1k(1,2‐pentadiene → cis/trans‐1,3‐pentadiene = 2.2 × 1014exp(−33900 ± 900 K/T) s−1k(1,2‐pentadiene → cyclopentene) = 1.8 × 1011exp(−26080 ± 900 K/T) s−1Overall, we estimate the 2σ uncertainty in the absolute rate constants to be about 30%. From detailed balance the rate expression for 1,3 to 1,2‐pentadiene isomerization has been found to bek(1,3‐pentadiene → 1,2‐pentadiene) = 1.2 × 1015exp(−42070 ± 900 K/T) s−1The significance of the 1,3 to 1,2 isomerization process as a bridge between the two‐carbon and three‐carbon species in high temperature hydrocarbon decomposition systems is discussed.The decomposition processes involve bond breaking and retroene reactions. The rate expression for the latter has been found to bek(1,2‐pentadiene → propyne + ethylene) = 6.6 × 1012exp(−29240 ± 900 K/T) s−1The rate constants for fission of the C3C4and C4C5bonds appear to be close to each other. Our results indicate that the resonance energy of the 1,3‐butadiene‐2‐yl radical is smaller than that of allyl radical by an amount equal to the π bond conjugation energy of butadiene. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.*This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.Int J Chem Kinet 33: 755–767, 2001
Intravascular low‐power laser irradiation after coronary stenting: Long‐term follow‐up
Authors: De Scheerder Ivan K. , Wang Kai , Kaul Upendra , Singh Balbir , Sahota Harry , Keelan Michael H. , Kipshidze Nicholas N. , Moses Jeffrey 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveA high restenosis rate remains a limiting factor for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravascular red laser therapy (IRLT) on restenosis after stenting procedures in de novo lesions.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 68 consecutive patients were treated with IRLT in conjunction with coronary stenting procedures. Mean lesion length was 16.5 ± 2.4 mm. Reference vessel diameter (RVD) and pre‐minimal lumen diameter (MLD) were 2.90 ± 0.15 mm and 1.12 ± 0.26 mm, respectively.ResultsAfter treatment, MLD was 2.76 ± 0.32 mm with no procedural complications or in‐hospital adverse events. Angiographic follow‐up (n = 61) revealed restenosis in nine patients (14.7%) with rate by artery size of > 3 mm (n = 21) 0%; 2.5–3.0 mm (n = 28) 14.2%; and < 2.5 mm (n = 12) 41.6%.ConclusionIntravascular red light therapy is safe, feasible, and reduces expected restenosis rate after coronary stenting. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:212–215, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sterol‐independent regulation of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in tumor cells
Authors: Hentosh Patricia , Yuh Seon H. , Elson Charles E. , Peffley Dennis M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractElevated 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase expression supports synthesis of prenyl pyrophosphate intermediates required for tumor growth. In this study, the copy number of HMG‐CoA reductase mRNA was determined in solid tumor and leukemic cell lines using competitive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Reductase mRNA was increased about eight‐fold in Caco2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells compared with that in CCD18 normal colon cells. We also found a 50‐fold enhancement of reductase mRNA in stimulated human lymphocytes compared with unstimulated cells. In CEM human leukemia cells, reductase mRNA was increased 8.6 times compared with that in stimulated lymphocytes. Greater low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA was also observed in tumor cells compared with normal counterparts. We hypothesized that elevated reductase mRNA was due to attenuation of sterol‐mediated control of tumor reductase promoter activity. We first compared the methylation status of CpG dinucleotides in the promoters of reductase and p16 tumor suppressor genes from solid tumor, leukemic, and normal cells. As reported for other tumor cells the p16 promoter region was hypermethylated in Caco2 and CEM cells but was hypomethylated in corresponding normal cells. However, reductase promoter sequences in both normal and tumor cells were hypomethylated, demonstrating that methylation is not involved in sterol‐independent reductase regulation. We addressed altered transcription factor binding to the tumor cell reductase promoter by transiently transfecting Caco2 and CCD18 with a plasmid vector containing a hamster HMG‐CoA reductase promoter fused to the luciferase gene. We found that increased reductase mRNA was partially due to an approximately three‐fold higher reductase promoter activity in Caco2 than in CCD18, measured by luciferase reporter assays. Thus, differential binding of transcription factor or factors on the tumor cell reductase promoter attenuates normal sterol‐mediated regulation of reductase activity. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulation and multi‐attribute utility modelling of life cycle profit
Authors: Rosqvist Tony 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInvestments on capital goods are assessed with respect to the life cycle profit as well as the economic lifetime of the investment. The outcome of an investment with respect to these economic criteria is generally non‐deterministic. An assessment of different investment options thus requires probabilistic modelling to explicitly account for the uncertainties. A process for the assessment of life cycle profit and the evaluation of the adequacy of the assessment is developed. The primary goal of the assessment process is to aid the decision‐maker in structuring and quantifying investment decision problems characterized by multiple criteria and uncertainty. The adequacy of the assessment process can be evaluated by probabilistic criteria indicating the degree of uncertainty in the assessment.Bayesian inference is used to re‐evaluate the initial assessment, as evidence of the system performance becomes available. Thus authentication of contracts of guarantee is supported. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate features of the described life cycle profit assessment process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An econometric study of the decisions of a town planning authority: complementary & substitute uses of industrial activities in Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Lawrence W.C. , Ho Winky K.O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is a contribution to the research on the interface between urban economics and urban planning at the micro level on the one hand and economic development at the macro level on the other hand by a study of the relationship between the performance of the development application mechanism and economic development. This study is conducted in the light that neither urban economics nor urban planning research has utilized useful development control information that can help better understand the spatial and linkage aspects of the industrial sector in economic development. A probit study of a relatively large population of statistics (with 1728 observations) concerning planning applications for uses in lands under industrial zoning in Hong Kong is conducted in terms of 5 refutable hypotheses about the role of the planning authority in respect of land uses that are neutral to, complementary to and substitutes of industrial uses in a local context where major structural changes are occurring in the economy. The hypotheses are derived from standard price theory. The test discovers that, consistent with the theory of substitute goods, that the probabilities of mixed industrial/office and pure office uses in industrial zones being approved were dependent on the rise and fall of the manufacturing sector (measured in terms of labor share). However, those for ancillary office use, a use that theoretically should be complementary to industrial activities, were independent of the state of the manufacturing sector. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To test or not? The value of diagnostic tests in cervical dystonia
Authors: Risvoll Hilde , Kerty Emilia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt has long been suspected that idiopathic cervical dystonia is result of a dysfunction of the brain, but the cause of the disease has been elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostical value of different radiological and laboratory tests in cases of cervical dystonia.Cerebral computer tomography and/or cerebral magnetic imaging were carried out in all of the 149 patients who were included in this study. A total of 25 scans revealed some minor findings that did not alter patients’ management. Of the 128 cervical plain x‐ray examinations, 63.1% showed degenerative changes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined in 125 patients, and was normal in 103. Some degree of pathology was found in the remaining 22 CSF samples.All patients under the age of 50 years were tested for serum ceruloplasmin and no decreased level was found. Seven patients had elevated ANA titre; four of them also developed Botulinum toxin antibodies.We can conclude that the detection rate of pathologic findings in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia is similar to what we can expect in the general population, provided the neurological findings are normal apart from the involuntary movements. In the adult form of typical cervical dystonia we do not recommend any standard laboratory or imaging tests if the neurological examination is normal aside from the abnormal head movements. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.