bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations, bias, variance and ensemble of learners: exact asymptotics for convex losses in high-dimension
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Authors: Loureiro Bruno , Gerbelot Cédric , Refinetti Maria , Sicuro Gabriele , Krzakala Florent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the sampling of data to the initialisation of parameters, randomness is ubiquitous in modern Machine Learning practice. Understanding the statistical fluctuations engendered by the different sources of randomness in prediction is therefore key to understanding robust generalisation. In this manuscript we develop a quantitative and rigorous theory for the study of fluctuations in an ensemble of generalised linear models trained on different, but correlated, features in high-dimensions. In particular, we provide a complete description of the asymptotic joint distribution of the empirical risk minimiser for generic convex loss and regularisation in the high-dimensional limit. Our result encompasses a rich set of classification and regression tasks, such as the lazy regime of overparametrised neural networks, or equivalently the random features approximation of kernels. While allowing to study directly the mitigating effect of ensembling (or bagging) on the bias-variance decomposition of the test error, our analysis also helps disentangle the contribution of statistical fluctuations, and the singular role played by the interpolation threshold that are at the roots of the ‘double-descent’ phenomenon.
Heart condition determination based on MET value to NYHA Classification and abnormal ST segment identification
Authors: Md Yassin Siti Norhayati , Othman Mohd Afzan , Samad Whomaira Abdul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have always been among the top causes of death. Thus, there were variety of research focuses on cardiac stress test and on self-stress test as well. However, the portable device existed for heart monitoring were still insufficient where most device are for fitness monitoring rather than functional capacity. Thus, this paper determines heart condition based on New York Heart Classification (NYHA) for The Rockport Walking Fitness Test (TRWFT). TRWFT gave out parameters to calculate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) to find metabolic equivalent (MET) value. The MET values were compared with NYHA functional capacity classes. Hence, the comparison simplified the heart condition to the urgency to visit hospitals. Plus, ST segments of MIT-BIH ECG database were extracted and assessed for abnormality. Accordingly, a mobile application was developed. The prototype is built using Genuino 101 microcontroller, an AD8232 ECG module with leads to sense heart pulse, and a SD card module. Meanwhile, simulation test on the prototype shows that the prototype succeeds in produce the same values with manual calculation and managed to assess ST segments as programmed. In conclusion, a prototype to demonstrate the implementation of TRFWT and prediction of cardiac condition based on MET value is successful.
Electronic Structure and Hole Concentration of Ce1-xSrxNiO2 and Nd1-xSrxNiO2 by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Cheong Choon Min , Chen Soo Kien 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently, superconductivity was discovered in nickelate Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2. It is predicted to be a cuprate-like superconductor. Cerium, with its natural oxidation states 3+ and 4+, has a stronger effect on the modification of the Ni electronic structure near the Fermi level than neodymium. This work investigates the electronic states and the charge distribution of CeNiO2 and NdNiO2 compounds. Hole concentration and holes doped relative to the parent compound of Ce1-xSrxNiO2 and Nd1-xSrxNiO2 with x = 0, 0.2, 0.33 are calculated. The results shown that the Ni ion in NdNiO2 have half-filled 3dx2-y2 orbital with ionic charge of Ni+, while Ni ion in CeNiO2 is in mixed charges of Ni+ and Ni2+. The undoped CeNiO2 has almost the same hole concentration as that of 20% Sr-doped NdNiO2.
Optical Properties of TiO2 Doped ZnO-PVA Nanocomposites
Authors: Ismardi Abrar , Nasir Muhamad , Khoiri Miftahul , Abdullah Nor Hakimin , Gunawan Luthfi Aprilio , Rafsanjani Mukhammad Fahlevi Ali , Mayundri Siti Ashila Farikha , Gunawan Theresia Deviyana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the materials with the greatest potential for use in flexible devices is semiconductor nanocomposite material. In this paper, we report the synthesis of ZnO-PVA-TiO2 nanocomposite to be applied as a flexible optical sensor device. The optical property of ZnO-PVA nanocomposite is improved by the addition of TiO2 in this work. The optical characteristics of the ZnO-PVA nanocomposite depend on the concentration of TiO2. Spin coating method was successfully used to synthesize ZnO-PVA-TiO2 with various TiO2 concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% w/v, respectively. The absorbance spectrum of ZnO-PVA-TiO2 nanocomposite changes with the addition of TiO2. The absorbance peaks of ZnO-PVA-TiO2 nanocomposites were shifting to a lower wavelength, resulting in increasing the nanocomposite band gap energy. According to this result, future applications of the flexible optical sensor are one of the potential devices based on this study.
Simulation on the Effect of Channel Thickness on the Performance of Multi-Bridge Channel Field-Effect Transistor
Authors: Xin Tee Mei , Sultan Suhana Mohamed , Hussin Hanim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Multi-Bridge Channel Field-Effect Transistor (MBCFET) structure has been designed and simulated to characterize its electrical performance. An MBCFET is a device designed to bridge single-channel FETs, allowing more flexibility with signal routing and power management in complex designs. However, MBCFET suffers from Short Channel Effects which degrade its performance. Channel thickness is another important parameter that affect the performance of MBCFETs. Thus, the impact of channel thickness variation on MBCFET performance is investigated in this project. The electrical characteristic of MBCFET such as its threshold voltage (Vth), subthreshold swing (SS), on-state current (Ion), and off-state current (Ioff) were obtained and analyzed by using the TCAD simulation tool. Comparing the simulation results to published results indicated that the difference between the results was less than 5% for various parameters. The second part of the simulation work shows that as the channel thickness of an MBCFET increases, Vth decreases, Ion increases, and SS decreases. However, when the channel thickness is too thin, SS increases significantly, which leads to the device consuming higher power with lower performance.
ASIC Implementation for Multiple Scan at Register Transfer Level
Authors: Radzri Muhammad Luqman Mohd , Paraman Norlina , Rusli Mohd Shahrizal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Design for testability (DFT) is introduced to reduce the complexity of testing integrated circuit and help improve fault coverage. However, conventional DFT with additional 2-to-1 multiplexer (MUX) might add an increasing amount of delay and area overhead. Therefore, register transfer level (RTL) scan design is introduced to overcome this problem. This paper aims to present the development of an ASIC with RTL scan design by using multiple scan paths instead of the conventional technique, which is gate-level (GL) scan insertion to insert scan cells. This method inserts multiple scan cells by utilizing the existing multiplexer and operational units in order to reduce area overhead and delay. Besides, multiple scan paths are implemented instead of a single scan chain to reduce the complexity of the testing process, where a single scan chain has long test application times due to the high number of clock cycles for the scan chain process. RTL design is also modified by adding an extra gate for multiple scan chain insertion. The graph is derived in order to analyse the connection between registers such that the multiple scan paths can be determined accordingly. Synopsys tool is used for synthesized, placement and routing and performing automatic test pattern generation while static timing analysis is used to verify the results of the setup slack time for ASIC design. The simulation result shows that multiple scan paths insertion at RTL level has an area overhead and slack time of about 3.79% and 0.44ns less compared to multiple scan paths insertion at GL for a finite impulse response circuit with comparable high fault coverage and small delay. A comparison of the performance metrics such as area, setup slack time, and fault coverage of the multiple scan chain is done between the RTL scan and GL scan.
3D2: Three Decades of Three-Dimensional Dosimetry
Authors: Schreiner L J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The development of three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry was motivated by its promise as an effective methodology for the validation of the complex dose distributions achieved by modern techniques such as Intensity Modulated and Volumetric Arc Radiation Therapy. 3D techniques were first proposed in the 1980s when clinics were just starting to move from two-dimensional contour plan based delivery to more conformal techniques. Advances in dosimeter materials, readout systems, and workflow and software systems for the registration and analysis of the volumetric dose data have made 3D dosimetry more attainable, yet to date it has not made major inroads into the clinic. This keynote address will highlight some 3D dosimetry developments over the years, many of which were first revealed through the past twelve International Conferences on 3D and Advanced Radiation Dosimetry (IC3Ddose). These conferences resulted in the publication of more than 130 didactic review articles and over 650 proffered research papers, the majority openly available on the internet (years before the current drive to publishing in open access journals). In this joint keynote address to the IC3Ddose community (at the end of its conference) and to attendees of the Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists annual scientific meeting (at its start), I will briefly review the radiation sensitive materials used for 3D dosimetry, the imaging systems required to read out the volumetric dose information, the workflows and systems required for efficient analysis, and the protocols required for reproducible dosimetry, and how the dosimetry has come into the clinic. The address includes some personal reflections of the motivational and practical changes in 3D dosimetry over time. And as we are all meeting in person for the first time in over two years, the address will end with some observations on the importance of conferences for the exchange of ideas and associated debate necessary for scientific advancement.
A characterization of dye gel dosimeters for boron neutron capture therapy - dose response to gamma rays
Authors: Narita Ryosuke , Sakurai Yoshinori 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A three-dimensional verification method using dye gel dosimeters is studied for the external exposure in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The characterization experiments of the dye gel dosimeters were performed for the dose response to gamma rays. As the dye gel dosimeters, leucomalite-green, leucocrystal-violet and genipin gels, which have different coloration characteristics, were selected. The results for the dose response to gamma rays showed linearity up to 100 Gy. However, it was found that the correction for auto-oxidation and dose rate dependency were necessary.
Preliminary research on the dose response of polymer gel dosimeter with carbon beam irradiation
Authors: Zhu Libing , Xiang Xincheng , Wang Xiangang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is to investigate dose response of polymer gel dosimeter after carbon irradiation. We employed polymer gel dosimeter, MAGAT-f to measure the dose response curve, single spot shape and Bragg peak range of carbon beam. Irradiation energy was 80.55 MeV/u. In order to characterize the dose response, R2-dose curve and absorbance-dose curve were built up. An approximate linearity is found for R2-dose relationship. Saturation is found for the absorbance of the gel after 10 Gy. The results illustrate the feasibility of utilizing polymer gel dosimeter for Bragg peak and spot shape measurement of carbon ion beam.
Investigation of the dose rate and linear-energy-transfer of the signal quenching of radiochromic silicone-based dosimeters for different curing times and compositions
Authors: Valdetaro Lia Barbosa , Muren Ludvig Paul , Skyt Peter Sandegaard , Petersen Jørgen Breede Baltzer , Balling Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The response of radiochromic dosimeters based on silicone is influenced by the dose-rate quenching and also the linear energy transfer (LET). However, the impact of curing time and composition on quenching has not been fully characterized. We investigated two dosimeter compositions, with 5% and 9% curing agent, which cured for 1, 3 or 5 days and that subsequently were irradiated with an 80 MeV proton beam with three different beam currents. Monte Carlo simulations were utilised for the estimation of dose, dose rate and LET profiles. We found a significant decrease in LET-dependent quenching with curing time, but no significant decrease in dose-rate-dependent quenching.
Rheology modifiers in Fricke – gelatin dosimeters
Authors: Penev Kalin I. , Mequanint Kibret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fricke gel dosimeters, while very sensitive and versatile, continue to suffer from one major issue – the diffusion of the dose signal. To tackle that problem, here we present the use of inert, linear polymers with very high molecular weights as rheology modifiers that can slow the diffusion in weak gels, based on 4% gelatin. At 0.2% loading of polyacrylamide (with mol. wt. 5×106 Da), a moderate, 20% decrease of the diffusion coefficient was achieved. This effect is compared to that of adding a crosslinker, such as glyoxal or increasing the concentration of gelatin by 1%.
Loss and reintroduction of the radical initiator into the FlexyDos3D silicone dosimeter for 3D printing
Authors: Wheatley M J , De Deene Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
3D printers allow for the rapid construction of complex 3D objects that would be very time-consuming with traditional casting techniques. Patient-specific objects have been created for years in the fields of dentistry, prosthetics, and surgical guides. However, 3D printed objects using materials that also serve a functional purpose, biologically or chemically, are now finding bio-medical applications. A custom 3D printer has been made that is able to print the FlexyDos3D silicone dosimeter, but the dosimeter’s sensitivity is severely decreased after printing. Testing was performed to determine if chloroform is lost during printing and techniques were tested to reintroduce chloroform into the dosimeter after printing to improve the dose response of the dosimeter. Results showed that the chloroform was completely evaporated from the dosimeter when exposed to conditions similar to that during printing and that chloroform could be reintroduced by soaking or exposure to chloroform vapours which led to an increase in the dose sensitivity. Further testing of the reintroduction of chloroform into the dosimeter is ongoing.
Polymer gel dosimetry for experimental verification of conformal small animal irradiation at a preclinical research platform
Authors: Konradsson E , Blomstedt M , Gustafsson C Jamtheim , Bäck S Å J , Ceberg C , Ceberg S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In translational research, there is a need for preclinical studies of high quality that corresponds to the conformal dose distributions conventionally delivered to humans in the modern radiotherapy clinic. To facilitate this need, novel preclinical systems consist of preclinical radiation platforms and small animal treatment planning systems. However, small-field dosimetry is challenging and requires dosimeters with high spatial resolution. In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of experimentally validating the dose distribution in small fields at a preclinical X-ray research platform using a polymer gel dosimeter and MRI-readout.
Developing a 3D-printing-based method to create anthropomorphic dosimeters for radiotherapy-delivery verification
Authors: Jensen S V , Erichsen T B , Jensen M B , Worm E , Poulsen P R , Petersen J B B , Balling P , Le D Q S , Muren L P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anthropomorphic three-dimensional (3D) dosimeters can be useful for verification of radiotherapy delivery. The aim of this study was to develop a 3D-printing-based method for creating anthropomorphic 3D dosimeters. Internal structures were created using water dissolvable 3D prints as negatives. External structures were 3D-printed, and a mould was produced using silicone rubber. Realistic liver and trachea dosimeters with both internal and external anthropomorphism were produced and subsequently irradiated with photons and protons. A 3%/3 mm gamma analysis resulted in 87% and 86% pass rates. The limiting factor to the resolution of the dosimeters was the 3D prints detail.
Production and characteristics of stabilised interlocking mud blocks
Authors: Vivek Prasad H.G. , Keshava Mangala , Raghu Prasad P.S. , Jagadish K.S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an ideology over physical and mechanical properties of interlocking and non interlocking stabilised mud blocks. These properties are useful to assess the performance and behaviour of load bearing masonry structures. This paper also compares the results of both non interlocking solid stabilised mud blocks (NSMB) of size 230 X 190 X 100 mm and interlocking solid stabilised mud blocks (ISMB) of sizes 230 X 190 X 80 and 230 X 190 X 70 mm. These blocks are tested for block density, Initial rate of water absorption, water absorption, wet compressive strength, flexural strength and Modulus of Elasticity. From the results obtained it has been found that shape and depth of interlocking has significant effect on properties of blocks. Flexural strength of 20mm (ISMB 20) and 30mm (ISMB 30) depth interlocking solid stabilised mud blocks produced are very much comparable with NSMB. Flexural strength of ISMB’s has been tested in both the directions of interlocking effects of blocks which has given satisfactory results. This test shows that Shape considered for interlocking blocks do bond well with filler materials. Mechanical and physical properties of both ISMB and NSMB have exceeded the minimum requirements of blocks as per codal provisions.
Stability Analysis of Homogenous Embankment using Statistical Method
Authors: Taipodia Pori , Kalita Nabajyoti , Pradhan Roshan , Raj Shubham , Pandey Adarsh , Chautang Chau Kintana , Chakraborty Arunav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Homogeneous earth embankments are man-made or artificial structure whose construction is an important part of highway, railway and flood structure projects. Soil exhibits different properties in different places. Reinforcing the soil with Geogrid can be effectively used for improving the durability and stability of embankment, this ensures uniform settlement of embankment and result in cost effective solution. This paper aims to develop two-dimensional stability charts and correlation for slope failure (slip circle) in homogeneous soil embankment. Sensitivity analysis is also done to determine the contribution of different soil parameter. The chart and correlation developed for stability analysis can be a convenient tool for preliminary estimation of factor of safety (FOS) and possibility of failure.
An experimental study on the effect of particle size and non-homogeneity on the shear strength of soil
Authors: Shabong R A , Sonowal A J , Pukhrambam A , Das R , Anand A , Bobing S , Deka S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Soil deposits available in nature are often present as homogeneous mixtures of particles of different sizes and base minerals or as a combination of soils in different layers forming a non-homogeneous configuration. This variability in soil has great influence on the shear strength behaviour. In this study, different naturally occurring soil particle sizes and shapes (angular and flaky) have been utilized as reinforcements in the form of layers to determine their influence on the soil shear strength. Therefore, triaxial tests have been conducted on homogeneous sand (where particles are mixed proportionately), and on non-homogeneous sand (different layer combinations of different particle sizes as well as the inclusion of angular and flaky particles). It has been observed that there was a substantial increase in the shear strength for non-homogeneous arrangement compared to homogeneous sand sample. Furthermore, the addition of flaky particles from 10% to 30% by weight of fine grained sand increased the angle of internal friction (ϕ) and cohesion (c) values thereby increasing the shear strength. However, for angular-fine sand layer combination, the addition of 10-20% of angular particles by weight shows a significant increase in shear strength in comparison to 30-100% of angular particles.
Toward a three-dimensional counterpart of Cruse’s theorem
Authors: Bahmanian Amin 
Published: November 2023

Completing partial latin squares is NP-complete. Motivated by Ryser’s theorem for latin rectangles, in 1974, Cruse found conditions that ensure a partial symmetric latin square of order

m
m

can be embedded in a symmetric latin square of order

n
n

. Loosely speaking, this results asserts that an

n
n

-coloring of the edges of the complete

m
m

-vertex graph

K
m

K_m

can be embedded in a one-factorization of

K
n

K_n

if and only if

n
n

is even and the number of edges of each color is at least

m
−
n

/

2

m-n/2

. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions under which an edge-coloring of the complete

λ
\lambda

-fold

m
m

-vertex 3-graph

λ

K
m
3

\lambda K_m^3

can be embedded in a one-factorization of

λ

K
n
3

\lambda K_n^3

. In particular, we prove the first known Ryser type theorem for hypergraphs by showing that if

n
≡
0

(

m
o
d

3
)

n\equiv 0\ (\mathrm {mod}\ 3)

, any edge-coloring of

λ

K
m
3

\lambda K_m^3

where the number of triples of each color is at least

m

/

2
−
n

/

6

m/2-n/6

, can be embedded in a one-factorization of

λ

K
n
3

\lambda K_n^3

. Finally we prove an Evans type result by showing that if

n
≡
0

(

m
o
d

3
)

n\equiv 0\ (\mathrm {mod}\ 3)

and

n
≥
3
m

n\geq 3m

, then any

q
q

-coloring of the edges of any

F
⊆
λ

K
m
3

F\subseteq \lambda K_m^3

can be embedded in a one-factorization of

λ

K
n
3

\lambda K_n^3

as long as

q
≤
λ

(

n
−
1

2

)

−
λ

(

m
3

)

/

⌊
m

/

3
⌋

q\leq \lambda \binom {n-1}{2}-\lambda \binom {m}{3}/\left \lfloor m/3\right \rfloor

.