bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studi Komparatif Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Konvensional dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21
Authors: Ningsih Nur Wahyu , Polem Muhammad , Azizah Nurul , Tarsono Tarsono , Hasbiyallah Hasbiyallah 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterlaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL), dan pembelajaran konvensional serta perbandingan ketiga model tersebut dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sebagai salah satu komponen penting dalam pembelajaran Abad 21. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian studi komparatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Peneliti menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 112 siswa dari 355 populasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif inferensial dengan One-Way Anova menggunakan bantuan IMB Statistics SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang significant dari rata-rata hasil kemampuan berpikir kritis antara siswa pada kelas yang menggunakan model pembelajaran CTL, PBL, dan Konvensional pada mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MAS Madani Alauddin Gowa dengan nilai sig 0,855. Adapun nilai rata-rata kemampuan berpikir siswa pada model pembelajaran konvensional dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 58,82 lebih besar daripada model pembelajaran CTL dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 55,96 dan pada model pembelajaran PBL dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 54,73. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru perlu dimaksimalkan agar terjalin interaksi dua arah antar siswa dan guru.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematika pada Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Utomo Isnanto Sunu , Hardini Agustina Tyas Asri 
Published: December 2023

Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan guru kelas serta studi dokumen, ditemukan rendahnya tingkat berpikir kritis siswa untuk mata pelajaran matematika. Masalah ini dapat diselesaikan melalui Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan model Problem Based Learning. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart, meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Dukuh 01 Salatiga, dengan total 27 siswa, yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar angket untuk mengumpulkan data kemampuan berpikir kritis dan tes tertulis untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terjadi peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada tiap siklusnya yaitu pada siklus I sebesar 87,62% (Baik), meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 91,18% (Sangat Baik); (2) Terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa, terbukti dengan adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa, yaitu pada siklus I sebesar 82,60, siklus II sebesar 86,60. Persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa juga meningkat dari 81,48% pada siklus I menjadi sebesar 88,85% pada siklus II.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Motivasi Siswa Menggunakan Media Audiovisual pada Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas II Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mudi Mudi , Hardini Agustina Tyas Asri 
Published: December 2023

Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, studi dokumentasi dengan guru kelas dan observasi di kelas, ditemukan rendahnya hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya masalah tersebut adalah penggunaan media yang kurang optimal. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan motivasi siswa dengan menggunakan media Audiovisual. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas, dimana terdiri dari pra siklus dan dua siklus. Pada setiap siklusnya dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tahapan penelitian tindakan kelas yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Pada tahap pra-siklus,hasil belajar yang memenuhi KKM (?70) sebanyak 13 siswa (46%) dan sebanyak 15 siswa (54%) yang belum tuntas, kemudian pada tahap siklus I mengalami peningkatan, sebanyak 18 siswa ( 64%) yang telah tuntas dan sebanyak 10 siswa (36%) yang belum tuntas dan selanjutnya pada tahap siklus II mengalami peningkatan, sebanyak 27 siswa (96%) yang telah tuntas dan sebanyak 1 siswa (4%) yang belum tuntas. Peningkatan hasil belajar juga diiringingi dengan motivasi belajar peserta didik yang semakin meningkat, dimana pada tahap pra-siklus, hanya 35,7% atau 10 siswa yang mencapai tingkat motivasi tinggi dalam pembelajaran, kemudian pada siklus II Persentase motivasi siswa meningkat menjadi 53,5% atau sebanyak 15 siswa dalam kategori motivasi tinggi dan pada siklus II Persentase motivasi siswa mencapai 85,7% atau sebanyak 24 siswa dalam kategori tinggi.
O atraso no diagnóstico de TDAH e seu impacto nas funções cognitivas: uma análise aplicada
Authors: Campanate Acsa Lia , Da Silva Luana Guimarães , De Amorim Mariana Eloy , Lopes Cintia Batista 
Published: December 2023

O Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um distúrbio neurobiológico que possui uma base genética e é influenciado por fatores ambientais, a neurofisiopatologia é caracterizada por diferenças morfológicas e funcionais no cérebro, alterações na neurotransmissão de catecolaminas e envolvimento de vários sistemas neurotransmissores. Essas informações fornecem uma base científica para a compreensão do TDAH e apontam para a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar na pesquisa sobre o transtorno. O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as manifestações clínicas do déficit de atenção e trazer uma reflexão sobre as consequências do diagnóstico tardio para a vida adulta. Os resultados foram apresentados através de uma tabela relacionando os sintomas do transtorno classificados de acordo com a taxonomia NANDA. O transtorno de déficit de atenção é acompanhado de outras comorbidades, que se não tratadas, as quais trazem prejuízos tanto sociais e familiares quanto profissionais e financeiros.
Development of the Labor Market in the Context of Kazakhstan's Digital Economy and the Concept of Sustainable Development
Authors: Urekeshova Assem , Rakhmetulina Zhibek , Dubina Igor , Barykin Sergey , Mottaeva Angela 
Published: December 2023

Relevance: In an era of rapid digital transformation, the labor market in Kazakhstan faces new challenges and opportunities. This research explores the development of the labor market in the context of Kazakhstan's digital economy, with a focus on sustainable development principles.

Background: The authors have identified nine scientific schools that can be applied to investigate the development of the labor market in Kazakhstan's digital economy within the framework of sustainable development. Digital transformation is a key focus in this context, as it impacts the economy, society, and the labor market.

Methods: The study draws on the principles and approaches of these nine scientific schools to analyze the development of the labor market in Kazakhstan. This includes examining initiatives such as Digital Kazakhstan and various international digital transformation efforts.

Results: The authors find that digital transformation initiatives in different countries share common goals, such as enhancing the competitiveness, innovation, and productivity of the manufacturing sector while addressing workforce development and creating new job opportunities. The Digital Kazakhstan initiative also follows these goals, aiming to improve the country's economic competitiveness through digital transformation.

Conclusion: By considering the nine scientific schools and their applications, a deeper understanding of the labor market's development in Kazakhstan can be achieved in the context of digital transformation and sustainable development. The authors recommend that Kazakhstan focuses on key areas such as education, workforce development, innovation, entrepreneurship, digital infrastructure, industry-academia collaboration, targeted strategies for key industries, public-private partnerships, supportive regulatory frameworks, social inclusion, sustainability, and international cooperation to successfully develop its labor market and ensure sustainable growth.
A mini review on the anode buffer layers used in organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Bajpai Manisha , Pandey C K , Malik Rakhee 
Published: December 2023

Research on organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are recently increasing due their unique advantages over inorganic devices. To explore upto the technology, there is a need to understand the basic device physics of OLED. The basic device physics of the device consists of basically three steps i.e. device structure, device mechanism and device characteristics & their parameters. Device structure of OLED typically consist of three basic layers but there are several intermediate layers are used to enhance device efficiency. Anode buffer layers are used to are used to reduce the interface barriers present at anode/HTL interface. Here, in in this paper different used anode buffer layers are reviewed.
Effect of Birth Balls on Reducing Labor Pain During First Stage of Active Phase in Primigravida Maternity
Authors: Dahlan Febry Mutiariami , Suciawati Anni , Sri Fadila 
Published: December 2023

Background: Pain in labor is a manifestation of shortening contractions of the uterine muscles. Data on maternity of primigravida in Indonesia, as many as 54% felt severe pain, as many as 46% experienced moderate pain and mild pain. It is important for health services to always use non-pharmacological measures to relieve labor pain.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess effect of use of birth balls on reducing of labor pain during first stage of active phase in primigravida maternity at the Public Health Center of Sawah Besar Subdistric.
Methods: This research used Pre-Experimental Design with one group pretest – posttest design type. The samples used the minimum requirement of experimental samples, namely 30 maternity mothers. Instrument in this research used questionnaires. Bivariate analysis used paired t-test.
Results: After analysis, the average value for reduction of pain before used birth ball was 84.33. The average reduction of pain after used birth ball was 65.67. There is an effect of use of birthball on reducing of labor pain during first stage of active phase in primigravida maternity at the Public Health Center Sawah Besar Subdistric in 2019 (p value 0.000).
Conclusion: The conclusion was that there was an effect of the use of birthball on reducing of labor pain during first stage of active phase in primigravida maternity. The results suggest Using birth balls can be used as an alternative to non-pharmacological therapy in management of labor pain during the active phase. This effort can be applied in practice and as material for further research.
Geomorphological observations at Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland
Authors: Brooks Charles Kent 
Published: December 2023

The Kangerdlugssuaq area is mainly comprised of two contrasting rock groups: on the one hand the easily-eroded lavas and sediments of late Mesozoic to early Tertiary age and on the other the highly resistant Precambrian gneisses. Intermediate between these two types in terms of behaviour with respect to erosion are the Tertiary plutonic complexes and the basaltic areas along the coast which have been intruded by intense dyke swarms.
In the late Mesozoic the area was a peneplain, and low relief apparently persisted throughout the volcanic episode as there is good evidence that the lava plateau subsided during its formation. During this period ocean-floor spreading gave rise to the embryonic Danmark Stræde. Shortly after the volcanic episode the Kangerdlugssuaq area became the centre of a massive domal upwarping which has been a dominant feature of the land-forms up to the present day. The original surface of the dome has been reconstructed on the basis of topographic and geological evidence to show that it was elliptical in form with a major axis of at least 300 km in length and a height above present sea-level of about 6.5 km. However, subsequent isostatic effects are not considered in deriving these figures. The updoming is estimated to have occurred about 50 m.y. ago.
Several kilometres thickness of sediments and lavas were eroded off this dome at an early stage exposing the gneissic core, which still stands in alpine peaks up to about 2.7 km altitude in the central part, and dumping ea. 50000 km3 of sediment on the continental shelf. The erosion was eftected by a radial, consequent drainage system, relicts of which can still be found. Kangerdlugssuaq itself may owe its origin to a tectonic line of weakness formed in response to doming, but there are also good arguments for its being purely erosional. The erosion of the dome was probably fluviatile but all trace of this stage has been obliterated by the subsequent glaciation. In the period between the Eocene and the early Miocene, possibly around 35 m.y. ago, the entire area underwent epeirogenic uplift raising the undeformed parts of the original lava plateau to around 2.5 km above sea-level. At present this plateau is undergoing dissection from the seaward side, but considerable areas are still preserved under thin, horizontal ice-caps.
A brief description of the various types of glaciers, an impermanent, ice-dammed lake and the areas of ice-free land is given. In the Pleistocene, the Kangerdlugssuaq glacier was considerably thicker than at the present time and extended far out over the shelf, excavating a deep channel here. Finally some observations on the coastlines are presented.
Impact of traditional versus nontraditional initiation dosing schedule of paliperidone palmitate on 30-day readmission and safety
Authors: Kim Erika , Williams Andrew , Chang Justin , Butala Niyati , Firek Matthew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Paliperidone palmitate (PP), a second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotic, requires 2 injections upon initiation. Due to the fast-paced nature of the inpatient setting, the second dose may be administered earlier than recommended by labeled use despite the lack of evidence that evaluates this practice.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review that investigated the outcomes associated with the timing of the second PP initiation dose with the aim of comparing patients who received the second PP dose fewer than 3 days after the first injection with those who received it between 3 and 11 days after the first injection. The primary outcomes included 30-day psychiatric readmission, index hospitalization length of stay, and time until the next psychiatric hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included 6-month readmission and the percentage of patients who experienced an adverse event after the second injection.

Results
No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for 30-day readmission. There was a statistically significant shortened index length of hospitalization (median, 2 vs 4 days; P < 0.001) and a non-statistically significant trend for time until the next psychiatric hospitalization (median, 25 vs 47 days) when comparing those who received the nontraditional loading regimen to those who received the traditional labeled loading regimen. No differences were observed in the secondary outcomes or safety/tolerability.

Discussion
The results of the study indicate that there are no significant differences in readmission rates and adverse drug reactions in those who received the second PP dose earlier than recommended per labeled use. Larger, controlled studies are needed to further investigate clinical and safety outcomes.
Diagnoses, outcomes and nursing interventions applied to patients undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation / Diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem aplicados ao paciente em reabilitação cardiovascular
Authors: Farias Maria Sinara , Silva Lúcia de Fátima da 
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: descrever os diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de Enfermagem à pessoas em reabilitação Cardiovascular, fundamentados em taxonomias de Enfermagem e na Teoria de Médio Alcance para Enfermagem em Reabilitação Cardiovascular. Método: estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa com 6 pacientes em reabilitação cardiovascular. Utilizou-se taxonomia International Nursing Diagnoses, a Nursing Outcomes Classification, as recomendações da Nursing Interventions Classification, e de forma basilar, a Teoria de Médio Alcance para Enfermagem em Reabilitação Cardiovascular. Resultados: os títulos de diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes entre os identificados, foram: Ansiedade (38,4%), Padrão de sono perturbado (15,3%), Conforto prejudicado (15,3%), Diminuição do envolvimento de atividades diversivas (15,3%), Conflito de papel parental (15,3%). As afirmativas diagnósticas possibilitaram a estruturação de 17 resultados esperados e 21 intervenções de enfermagem. Considerações finais: o processo de Reabilitação Cardiovascular vivido envolve alterações físicas, sociais, culturais e psicológicas, requerendo estratégias de Enfermagem efetivas voltadas para a pessoa e para os familiares.
Preclinical evaluation of the gorilla‐derived HAdV‐B AdV‐lumc007 oncolytic adenovirus ‘GoraVir’ for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bots Selas T. F. , Harryvan Tom J. , Groeneveldt Christianne , Kinderman Priscilla , Kemp Vera , van Montfoort Nadine , Hoeben Rob C. 
Published: December 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy which shows unparalleled therapeutic resistance due to its genetic and cellular heterogeneity, dense stromal tissue, and immune‐suppressive tumour microenvironment. Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a new treatment modality which uses tumour‐specific viruses to eliminate cancerous cells. Non‐human primate adenoviruses of the human adenovirus B (HAdV‐B) species have demonstrated considerable lytic potential in human cancer cells as well as limited preexisting neutralizing immunity in humans. Previously, we have generated a new oncolytic derivative of the gorilla‐derived HAdV‐B AdV‐lumc007 named ‘GoraVir’. Here, we show that GoraVir displays oncolytic efficacy in pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic‐cancer‐associated fibroblasts. Moreover, it retains its lytic potential in monoculture and co‐culture spheroids. In addition, we established the ubiquitously expressed complement receptor CD46 as the main entry receptor for GoraVir. Finally, a single intratumoural dose of GoraVir was shown to delay tumour growth in a BxPC‐3 xenograft model at 10 days post‐treatment. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the new gorilla‐derived oncolytic adenovirus is a potent oncolytic vector candidate that targets both pancreatic cancer cells and tumour‐adjacent stroma.
Engineered Human Organoids for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhu Yujuan , Sun Lingyu , Wu Xiangyi , Gu Zhifeng , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHuman organoid models potentially offer a physiologically relevant platform to replace traditional monolayer cultures and animal models. In particular, the rapid development of engineered strategies including microfluidics, hydrogel, 3D printing and others, which have enormous advantages in comparison to conventional methods, is expected to further advance organoid technology. Up to now, many studies have demonstrated the engineered organoid models with complex cell composition, controlled structure, enhanced maturation, reduced heterogeneity, and so on. These engineered organoids are high promising for studies in development, disease, tissue repair, precision medicine and drug screening. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the engineered organoid model systems is provided based on microfluidics, hydrogel, 3D printing and so on. Then, the biomedical applications of these models are highlighted, which have displayed the great power in organoid field. Finally, the key bottlenecks and future development of organoid models are discussed about from an engineering perspective.
Liquid Metal Memory
Authors: Yuan Ruizhi , Cao Yingjie , Zhu Xiyu , Shan Xiaohui , Wang Bo , Wang Hongzhang , Chen Sen , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStorage systems are vital components of electronic devices, while significant challenges persist in achieving flexible memory due to the limitations of existing storage methodologies. Inspired by the polarization and depolarization mechanisms in the human brain, here a novel class of storage principles is proposed and achieve a fully flexible memory through introducing the oxidation and deoxidation behaviors of liquid metals. Specifically, reversible electrochemical oxidation is utilized to modulate the overall conductivity of the target liquid metals, creating a substantial 11‐order resistance difference for binary data storage. To obtain the best storage performance, systematic optimizations of multiple parameters are conducted. Conceptual experiments demonstrate the memory's stability under extreme deformations (100% stretching, 180° bending, 360° twisting). Further tests reveal that the memory performs better when its unit size gets smaller, warranting superior integrability. Finally, a complete storage system achieves remarkable performance metrics, including rapid storage speed (>33 Hz), long data retention capacity (>43200 s), and stable repeatable operation (>3500 cycles). This groundbreaking method not only overcomes the inherent rigidity limitations of existing electronic storage units but also opens new possibilities for innovating neuromorphic devices, offering fundamental and practical avenues for future applications in soft robotics, wearable electronics, and bio‐inspired artificial intelligence systems.
Integrating Chemocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering for Coproduction of Bioplastic Precursors Butanediol and Succinic Acid from Xylose
Authors: Sutiono Samuel , Melse Okke , Döring Manuel , Lommes Petra , Sieber Volker 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolybutylene succinate (PBS) is one of the most important biobased plastics, based on the amount produced. Owing to its high melting point and resemblance to petroleum‐based plastics (i. e. PP), PBS becomes one of the emerging bioplastics with an array of applications. PBS is manufactured by polymerization of 1,4‐butanediol and succinic acid. Thus, it is of great importance to ensure the use of renewable resources to produce the PBS precursors. As the second most abundant carbohydrate monomer on Earth, D‐xylose will be a suitable candidate for this purpose. In this work, we combined protein engineering with chemical oxidation by gold catalyst to enable transformation of D‐xylose to 1,4‐butanediol and succinic acid simultaneously. In silico docking studies and semi rational design were employed to create variants of the key enzyme, branched chain α‐keto acid decarboxylase (KdcA) with higher affinity for the intermediates in the production of 1,4‐butanediol and succinic acid. Direct enzymatic biotransformation would result in a production of both monomers with 3:1 ratio, thus not readily suitable for a direct polymerization to PBS. By developing a one‐pot multi‐step chemo‐enzymatic approach with a gold catalyst to perform the first oxidation step, we could achieve a final product ratio of 1:1. Application of an engineered KdcA variant allowed us to achieve >98% yield after four hours transformation. In contrast, after 24 h transformation, >10% intermediate was still observed when the original variant was used. We anticipate this new approach could serve as an alternative route for biotechnological productions of PBS and its precursors.