bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Race on Prostate-Specific Antigen Outcome After Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Cross Chaundre K. , Shultz Delray , Malkowicz S. Bruce , Huang William C. , Whittington Richard , Tomaszewski John E. , Renshaw Andrew A. , Richie Jerome P. , D’Amico Anthony V. 
Published: October 2002

PURPOSE: To compare prostate-specific antigen (PSA) outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer in African-American and white men using previously established risk groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 2000, 2,036 men (n = 162 African-American men, n = 1,874 white men) underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer. Using pretreatment PSA, Gleason score, clinical T stage, and percentage of positive biopsy specimens, patients were stratified into low- and high-risk groups. For each risk group, PSA outcome was estimated using the actuarial method of Kaplan and Meier. Comparisons of PSA outcome between African-American and white men were made using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median age and PSA level for African-American and white men were 60 and 62 years old and 8.8 and 7.0 ng/mL, respectively. African-Americans had a statistically significant increase in PSA (P = .002), Gleason score (P = .003), clinical T stage (P = .004), and percentage of positive biopsy specimens (P = .04) at presentation. However, there was no statistical difference in the distribution of PSA, clinical T stage, or Gleason score between racial groups in the low- and high-risk groups. The 5-year estimate of PSA outcome was 87% in the low-risk group for all patients (P = .70) and 28% versus 32% in African-American and white patients in the high-risk group (P = .28), respectively. Longer follow-up is required to confirm if these results are maintained at 10 years. CONCLUSION: Even though African-American men presented at a younger age and with more advanced disease compared with white men with prostate cancer, PSA outcome after RP when controlled for known clinical predictive factors was not statistically different. This study supports earlier screening in African-American men.
Kousseff syndrome caused by deletion of chromosome 22q11‐13
Authors: Forrester Shawnia , Kovach Margaret J. , Smith Randell E. , Rimer Lisa , Wesson Melissa , Kimonis Virginia E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKousseff syndrome was originally described by Boris Kousseff in 1984: Pediatrics 74:395–398 in three siblings whose main features were conotruncal heart defects, neural tube defects, and dysmorphic features. The proband is a white male who has spina bifida, shunted hydrocephalus, cleft palate, short stature, cognitive impairment, and the typical craniofacial features of velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (VCFS), including low‐set and dysplastic ears, broad base of the nose, narrow alae nasi, and retrognathia. The family history is significant for a brother who died at 2 weeks of age with myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus, transposition of the great vessels, and unilateral renal agenesis, and a sister who died at 11 days of age with myelomeningocele, truncus arteriosus, hypocalcemia, and autopsy findings of absent thymus and parathyroid glands, consistent with DiGeorge anomaly. Given the clinical findings, family history, and recent knowledge that open neural tube defects can occur in VCFS/DiGeorge anomaly, FISH analysis for 22q11‐13 deletion was performed on the proband. A deletion was detected in him and subsequently confirmed in his father. Molecular analysis on autopsy material confirmed the deletion in the proband's deceased brother. We suggest that individuals with neural tube defects associated with other anomalies such as congenital heart defects or cleft palate be evaluated for 22q deletions. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dermoscopic and histopathologic diagnosis of equivocal melanocytic skin lesions
Authors: Ferrara Gerardo , Argenziano Giuseppe , Soyer H. Peter , Corona Rosamaria , Sera Francesco , Brunetti Bruno , Cerroni Lorenzo , Chimenti Sergio , El Shabrawi‐Caelen Laila , Ferrari Angela , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer , Kaddu Steven , Piccolo Domenico , Scalvenzi Massimiliano , Staibano Stefania , Wolf Ingrid H. , De Rosa Gaetano 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDermoscopy (dermatoscopy, epiluminescence microscopy) is increasingly employed for the preoperative detection of cutaneous melanoma; dermoscopic features of pigmented skin lesions have been previously defined using histopathology as the key to the code. In a preliminary study on 10 cases evaluated by nine dermoscopists and nine histopathologists, the authors experienced that when at least two dermoscopists disagree in evaluating a melanocytic lesion, even histopathologic consultations may give equivocal results.METHODSOne hundred seven melanocytic skin lesions, consecutively excised because of equivocal clinical and/or dermoscopic features, were retrospectively examined by eight dermoscopists and eight histopathologists; the diagnostic interobserver agreement was calculated by means of the Schouten k statistics. After histopathologic consultations, all 107 lesions underwent unblinded dermoscopic re‐evaluation in order to find which dermoscopic features had given rise to histopathologic diagnostic difficulties.RESULTSThe interobserver ageement was good for both dermoscopy (k = 0.53) and histopathology (k = 0.74). Out of 48 cases evaluated by the dermoscopists in complete accordance, only 8 (16.7%) received at least one conflicting histopathologic diagnosis. Instead, among the remaining 59 cases with at least one disagreeing dermoscopic diagnosis, 21 (35.6%) received at least one disagreeing histopathologic diagnosis. The unblinded dermoscopic re‐evaluation showed that five out of seven lesions with clear‐cut regression structures were histopathologically controversial.CONCLUSIONSAt least for selected and reasonably difficult lesions, a diagnostic discrepancy among formally trained dermoscopists seems to be predictive for a diagnostic disagreement among histopathologists. Lesions showing clear‐cut regression structures are prone to give some histopathologic disagreement. Cancer 2002;95:1094–1100. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10768
Phase II study of paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium and renal dysfunction (E2896)
Authors: Vaughn David J. , Manola Judith , Dreicer Robert , See William , Levitt Ralph , Wilding George 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemotherapy options for the patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma and renal dysfunction are limited. The authors performed a Phase II trial of paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium and renal dysfunction.METHODSForty‐two patients were accrued; 37 eligible patients were treated. Patients received paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 over three hours followed by carboplatin targeted area under the concentration‐time curve = 6 mg/mL · minute every three weeks for up to six cycles.RESULTSThe median number of cycles received was four (range, one to six). The objective response rate was 24.3% (95% confidence interval, 11.9–41.7%). The median progression free survival was 3 months and the median overall survival was 7.1 months. The number of poor prognostic risk factors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status > 1 or lung, liver, or bone metastases) significantly predicted for survival. The most common ≥ 1 Grade 3 toxicities included granulocytopenia (60%) and neurotoxicity (35%).CONCLUSIONSPaclitaxel/carboplatin is a chemotherapy option for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma and renal dysfunction. Future trials in chemotherapy development for this patient population are warranted. Cancer 2002;95:1022–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10782
Selection and description of cancer clinical trials participants—Science or happenstance?
Authors: Swanson G. Marie , Bailar John C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe selection of clinical trials participants is a critical step in study design, because it affects the generalizability of recommendations made on the basis of trial results and public acceptance of medical research. The authors assessed the heterogeneity of subgroups in cancer treatment and prevention trials and the analysis of subgroups in the evaluation of trial outcomes.METHODSThe authors reviewed published reports (1990–2000) of cancer prevention and treatment trials from 11 journals. They report here on all Phase III cancer treatment and prevention trials that had at least 100 participants and were conducted among adults in the United States. A structured abstract was developed and used to extract data from the 261 published reports. Descriptive summaries of the abstracted data provided the information included in this systematic review.RESULTSAge and gender of study participants were reported in more than 90% of these trials, whereas fewer than 30% of the trials reported race or ethnicity. Gender was reported as an explicit criterion for participant selection primarily in studies of gender specific malignancies. Race and ethnicity were reported as explicit selection criteria for participant selection for five of the prevention trials and for none of the cancer treatment trials. The 105 treatment trials that reported including both men and women had 42,355 participants, and 38.6% of those participants were women. The 26 prevention trials that reported including both men and women had 73,995 participants, and 34.7% of those participants were women. Fifty‐seven treatment trials reported participant ethnic diversity: There were 45,815 participants, with 10.5% African‐American participants and with less than 1% Hispanic, Asian, or Native American participants. Seventeen prevention trials reported participant ethnic diversity: There were 91,741 participants, with 5.5% African‐American participants, 1.7% Hispanic participants, and less than 1% Asian or Native American participants.CONCLUSIONSCancer treatment and prevention trial reports provide scant information about participant race and ethnicity. Such studies use participant selection criteria that do not define diverse subgroups, and few subgroup analyses are conducted. Improvements in the selection, reporting, and analysis of clinical trials participants are needed. Cancer 2002;95:950–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10785
Immunohistochemical expression of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in breast carcinoma
Authors: Acs Geza , Zhang Paul J. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Acs Peter , Verma Ajay 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDErythropoietin (Epo), induced by hypoxia, controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of Epo receptor (EpoR)‐bearing erythroid progenitors and plays a role in the protection of neurons from hypoxic damage. Hypoxia in malignant disease is associated with invasion, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and selection for cells with diminished apoptotic potential. The authors recently demonstrated the basal and hypoxia‐stimulated expression of Epo and EpoR in human breast carcinoma cell lines and in breast carcinomas, suggesting a role for autocrine Epo signaling in the hypoxic adaptations of mammary neoplasms.METHODSThe authors characterized the expression of Epo and EpoR by immunohistochemistry in 184 invasive mammary carcinomas and 158 in situ mammary carcinomas and benign mammary epithelium. They analyzed the correlation of Epo and EpoR immunostaining with clinicopathologic tumor features and the patients' smoking history.RESULTSBenign mammary epithelial cells showed weak‐to‐moderate expression of Epo and EpoR. EpoR immunostaining was increased in carcinomas compared with benign epithelium both in nonsmokers and smokers, and Epo immunostaining was increased in carcinomas compared with benign epithelium in nonsmokers but not in smokers. Prominent Epo staining was seen in tumor cells adjacent to necrotic areas and at the infiltrating edge of tumors. EpoR staining, but not Epo staining, was significantly greater in tumors that showed high histologic grade, tumor necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastases, and loss of hormone receptor expression.CONCLUSIONSThe current findings suggest that increased EpoR expression may play an important role in breast carcinogenesis. The induction of autocrine or paracrine Epo signaling may represent a novel mechanism by which hypoxia can promote breast carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:969–81. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10787
Characterization of integration patterns and flanking cellular sequences of hepatitis B virus in childhood hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Tsuei Daw‐Jen , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Chen Pei‐Jer , Hsu Tsuey‐Ying , Ni Yen‐Hsuan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration into host chromosomes is detected in more than 80% of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), yet its significance in tumor development remains obscure. In this study, we re‐examined the integration pattern of HBV in childhood HCC tissues, which has less environmental confounding factors than adult HCC. The HBV junctions and flanking cellular sequences were amplified from five childhood HCC patients by the inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) method using primers located near HBV direct repeats (DR) 1 and 2. The viral junctions in nine of the ten obtained IPCR clones were demonstrated to be located near HBV DR1, and their patterns were classified to type I integrants. Southern blot analyses demonstrate that the cellular junctions derived from two of the five HCC tissues were male specific and contained sequences homologous to human long interspersed DNA elements (LINE‐1). HBV integrant of one HCC tissue (1217T) was integrated into a RNA binding motif Y chromosome (RBMY) gene. The expression of RBMY, which is normally found only in male germ cells, was detected in HCC tissue 1217T by RT‐PCR but not in the corresponding non‐tumor liver tissue. The prevalence of RBMY expression in liver tissues from the tumor and non‐tumor parts of ten other HCC children and seven biliary atresia (BA) children was studied by RT‐PCR. No RBMY transcripts were detected in the non‐tumor parts of HCC patients or the cirrhotic livers of BA children, whereas 30% (three of ten) of HCC tissues specifically expressed RBMY. The results indicate that HBV integration and activation of RBMY gene expression in liver cells may be associated with the development of childhood HCC. J. Med. Virol. 68:513–521, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation analysis of the BCL10 gene in childhood solid malignancies
Authors: Miao Jiangyong , Kusafuka Takeshi , Udatsu Yuko , Okada Akira 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundBCL10, a gene involved in apoptosis signaling, has recently been identified at chromosome 1p22. This gene was found to be mutated in several types of lymphomas and other kinds of solid tumors. Especially in hepatocellular carcinoma, high mutation rates have been reported. These findings suggest that its inactivation may play an important pathogenetic role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, abnormalities of chromosome 1 where the BCL10 gene is located are a common feature in pediatric solid tumors. Therefore, we analyzed 95 pediatric solid cancers for genomic BCL10 mutations.ProcedureThree exons, which encode the whole coding region, were examined in 95 tumor tissues by PCR‐SSCP method. Samples revealing aberrant band patterns were subjected to direct sequencing analysis.ResultsA total of six nucleotide changes were detected. Two were in intron 1 (IVS1 + 11C > G, IVS1 + 58G > C) and four were in exons 1 or 3 (Ala5Ser, Leu8Leu, Thr162Met and Gly213Glu). Of four exonic changes, three at codons 5, 162, and 213 resulted in amino acid substitution. In non‐tumor tissues, however, similar mutation types were found, suggesting that all nucleotide changes detected were genetic polymorphisms.ConclusionsThis study represents the first genetic analysis of the BCL10 gene in pediatric solid malignant tumors. Our results suggest that BCL10 mutation as a mechanism involved in tumorigenesis is unlikely to be associated with most childhood malignancies. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:543–546. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential quadrature method for pricing American options
Authors: Xionghua Wu , Zhihong Ding 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, differential quadrature method (DQM), a highly accurate and efficient numerical method for solving nonlinear problems, is used to overcome the difficulty in determining the optimal exercise boundary of American option. The following three parts of the problem in pricing American options are solved. The first part is how to treat the uncertainty of the early exercise boundary, or free boundary in the language of the PDE treatment of the American option, because American options can be exercised before the date of expiration. The second part is how to solve the nonlinear problem, because the problem of pricing American options is nonlinear. And the third part is how to treat the initial value condition with the singularity and the boundary conditions in the DQM. Numerical results for the free boundary of American option obtained by both DQM and finite difference method (FDM) are given and from which it can be seen the computational efficiency is greatly improved by DQM. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 711–725, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/num.10028.
Learning on the job: The acquisition of scientific competence
Authors: Lottero‐Perdue Pamela S. , Brickhouse Nancy W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study attempts to help us better understand scientific competence and how it is acquired. We interviewed 10 associates at a company that produces unique technical products. Although none of the 10 had obtained degrees beyond high school, they all engaged in highly technical work that would be typical of a practicing engineer. These associates described to us their learning of science as they solved practical problems at work. Both what they learned and how they learned was task‐driven. Contextual factors such as choice of tasks and social access to expertise within the company were important factors in their learning. The only influence outside work that was repeatedly named as significant on the acquisition of scientific competence was extensive tinkering experience. Understanding the successful acquisition of scientific competence within communities such as this one suggests that certain features of these communities may be useful for school science communities as well. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 86:756–782, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10034
A heuristic solution procedure for the multi‐item, single‐level, limited capacity, lot‐sizing problem
Authors: Dixon Paul S. , Silver Edward A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe problem to be considered is that of determining lot‐sizes for a group of products which are produced at a single workcentre. It is assumed that the requirements for each product are known, period by period, out to the end of some common time horizon. (A reasonable assumption in a Material Requirements Planning context when we are dealing with components of one or more other items already scheduled.) For each product there is a fixed setup cost incurred each time production takes place. Unit production and holding costs are linear. The time required to set up the machine is assumed to be negligible. All costs and production rates can vary from product to product but not with respect to time. In each period there is a finite amount of machine time available that can vary from period to period. The objective is to determine lot‐sizes so that 1) costs are minimized, 2) no backlogging occurs and 3) capacity is not exceeded.An exact solution to this complex problem is out of the question. Therefore, a simple heuristic has been developed which guarantees a feasible solution, if one exists. Results of a large number of test problems, including three supplied by industrial sources, are presented. The results indicate that the heuristic will usually generate a very good solution with a relatively small amount of computational effort.
Research issues for multi‐level lot sizing in MRP systems
Authors: Collier David A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWhat lot size model(s) to use in a Material Requirements Planning (MRP) system is an unresolved and often debated issue. The concept of dependent demand, the complex network defined by the product structure, the dynamics of an operating MRP‐based system, and the subsequent use of the planned order release schedule by other company subsystems represent a totally new environment for making and managing lot size decisions.The purpose of this paper is to identify and briefly examine ten research issues related to lot sizing in a dependent demand product structure. These ten issues expand the solution space for lot sizing in an MRP‐based system compared to a reorder point based system. Areas for further research are suggested.
Multiplant MRP
Authors: Bitran Gabriel R. , Marieni David M. , Matsuo Hirofumi , Noonan James W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany manufacturing firms have multiple manufacturing plants, located in geographically diverse parts of the world. This situation is becoming more common, as firms establish new plants in foreign countries to take advantage of low labor cost. In such cases, it is not unusual for the firm to retain production capability of certain key parts in a backup plant, with the necessary equipment and trained workforce in place. High volume production could be obtained relatively quickly from the backup plant in case of an emergency at the main supplying plant. In such multiplant settings, the transportation costs are significant. Throughout this paper, we use the term “multisourced parts” to describe parts produced in more than one location.Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is the component of a total manufacturing control system that is designed to manage inventory and plan orders for parts and material with dependent demand (demand derived from the demand of other items). Most of the literature on MRP systems discusses MRP methodology in a single‐plant environment. Most MRP software systems in use today are single‐plant systems.Currently, it is common for firms with multiple plants treated as cost centers to use an independent single‐plant MRP system for each and handle the transshipment problems manually. Because of lack of coordination of production schedules between supplying and demanding plants, those firms hold more inventory and experience longer lead times than necessary to compensate for uncertainties in schedules and supply policies.The purpose of this article is to enhance single‐plant MRP systems for coping with multiplant situations in which: the plants are regarded as cost centers, there exist multisourced parts, and the transportation costs are significant. The multiplant MRP system should recognize that parts are produced in different plants, make offset calculations for in‐transit lead times, and consider transportation costs when establishing production requirements and shipping routes for multisourced parts. The objective is, beginning with the corporate‐determined master schedule for finished products, to communicate in one planning cycle time‐phased planned order release schedules and shipping/delivery schedules to each manufacturing plant producing components for the finished products.We first present a simplified framework for the multiplant MRP system, where a transportation algorithm is incorporated into the MRP logic. Then we refine this simplified framework to handle more complex aspects of a multiplant network. These complexities include the treatment of requirements that are not shipped on time and the regeneration of new MRP schedules. We also observe that the solution to the transportation problem described above is affected by the lot‐sizing rules employed. In addition, we discuss several important issues and decisions that confront a firm when implementing a multiplant MRP system.