bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for managing the flexible capacity in the airline industry
Authors: Bish Ebru K. , Suwandechochai Rawee , Bish Douglas R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe ability to effectively match supply and demand under uncertainty can result in significant revenue benefits in the airline industry. We study the benefits of a Demand Driven Swapping (DDS) approach that takes advantage of the flexibilities in the system and dynamically swaps aircraft as departures near and more accurate demand information is obtained. We analyze the effectiveness of different DDS strategies, characterized by their frequency (how often the swapping decision is revised), in hedging against demand uncertainty. Swapping aircraft several weeks prior to departures will not cause much disturbance to revenue management and operations, but will be based on highly uncertain demands. On the other hand, revising the swapping decision later will decrease the possibility of bad swaps, but at a higher cost of disrupting airport services and operations. Our objective is to provide guidelines on how the flexible (swappable) capacity should be managed in the system. We study analytical models to gain insights into the critical parameters that affect the revenue benefits of the different swapping strategies. Our study determines the conditions under which each of the different DDS strategies is effective. We complement our analysis by testing the proposed DDS strategies on a set of flight legs, using data obtained from United Airlines. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
“Does understanding the brain need proteomics and does understanding proteomics need brains?” – Second HUPO HBPP Workshop hosted in Paris
Authors: Hamacher Michael , Klose Joachim , Rossier Jean , Marcus Katrin , Meyer Helmut E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe second Human Brain Proteome Project (HBPP) Workshop of the Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) took place at the Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI) from April 23–24, 2004. During two days, more than 70 attendees from Europe, Asia and the US came together to decide basic strategic approaches, standards and the beginning of a pilot phase prior to further studies of the human brain proteome. The international consortium presented the technological and scientific portfolio and scheduled the time table for the next year.
Synthesis of a series of SG1 2‐[N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(1‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)aminoxyl] based alkoxyamines, SG1‐CH(Me)CO2R, and measurement of the homolysis rate constants of the CON bond
Authors: Bertin D. , Gigmes D. , Marque S. , Maurin R. , Tordo P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDuring nitroxide‐mediated polymerization, the polymerization time decreases with an increasing rate constant of the cleavage of the NOC bond of dormant alkoxyamines. Thus, knowledge of the factors influencing this cleavage is of considerable interest. We have prepared a series of SG1 2‐[N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(1‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)aminoxyl] based alkoxyamines [SG1‐CH(Me)CO2R] with various R groups (alkyl or aryl) and measured the homolysis rate constants (kd). kd decreases with the bulkiness and increases with the polarity of the R group. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3504–3515, 2004
The influence of comonomer (2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) and keto group on photocrosslinking property of arylidene polymers
Authors: Arun A. , Reddy B. S. R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTwo types of arylidene compounds were synthesized by reacting p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde with acetone [1,5‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one] (PBHP) and cyclohexanone [2,6‐bis(4‐hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone] (HBC). 1,4‐Pentadien‐3‐one‐1‐p‐hydroxyphenyl‐5‐p‐phenyl methacrylate (PHPPMA) and 4‐{[‐3‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐2‐oxocyclohexylidene]methyl}phenyl acrylate (HBA) were prepared by reacting PBHP and HBC with methacryloyl chloride and acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, respectively. Copolymerization of different feed compositions of PHPPMA and HBA with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) was carried out using a free‐radical solution polymerization technique in ethyl methyl ketone (MEK) using benzoyl peroxide (BPO). All the monomer and polymers were characterized by IR and NMR (1H/13C) spectroscopic techniques. The reactivity ratio of the monomers were obtained using Fineman–Ross (FR), Kelen–Tudos (KT), and extended Kelen–Tudos (exKT) methods. The photocrosslinking properties of the polymers were done using a UV absorption spectroscopy technique. Homopolymers of both the arylidene polymers shows similar trend towards the rate of photocrosslinking. The rate of photocrosslinking was enhanced when the cyclohexanone based arylidene monomer was copolymerized with HEA. Thermal stability and molecular weights (Mw and Mn) of the polymers were determined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3433–3444, 2004
Novel flame‐retardant thermosets: Phosphine oxide‐containing diglycidylether as curing agent of phenolic novolac resins
Authors: Espinosa M. A. , Galià M. , Càdiz V. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPhosphorus‐containing novolac–epoxy systems were prepared from novolac resins and isobutyl bis(glycidylpropylether) phosphine oxide (IHPOGly) as crosslinking agent. Their curing behavior was studied and the thermal, thermomechanical, and flame‐retardant properties of the cured materials were measured. The Tg and decomposition temperatures of the resulting thermosets are moderate and decrease when the phosphorous content increases. Whereas the phosphorous species decrease the thermal stability, at higher temperatures the degradation rates are lower than the degradation rate of the phosphorous‐free resin. V‐O materials were obtained when the resins were tested for ignition resistance with the UL‐94 test. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3516–3526, 2004
Morphology control of polypropylene by crystallization under carbon dioxide
Authors: Teramoto Gensei , Oda Takafumi , Saito Hiromu , Sano Hironari , Fujita Yuji 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe investigated the crystalline morphology of isotactic polypropylene obtained by melt crystallization under carbon dioxide (CO2) at various pressures. Spherulites consisting of regularly arranged fibrils without subsidiary lamellae were obtained by crystallization under CO2 below 2 MPa, whereas large spherulites consisting of irregularly arranged fibrils with subsidiary lamellae were obtained under ambient pressure. Distorted domain crystals with uniform optical anisotropy consisting of α‐form were found to be obtained under CO2 above 2 MPa, and needle crystals consisting of γ‐form were obtained above 12 MPa. Transmission electron micrographs showed that straight and thick lamellae are regularly arranged in both the distorted domain crystals and the needle crystals. The uniformly thick lamellae were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry thermograms; that is, the melting temperature is higher and the melting peak is sharper than those obtained under ambient pressure. Such characteristic crystalline morphologies obtained under CO2 may be attributed to local ordering in the melt state. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2738–2746, 2004
Universality of linear viscoelasticity of monodisperse linear polymers
Authors: Cho Kwang Soo , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Lee Seung Jong 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe suggest a universal plot that superposes linear viscoelastic data of nearly monodisperse polymers on a single curve, regardless of the molecular weight, temperature, and species of polymers. The plotting method is based on the time–temperature superposition and rescaling of viscoelastic functions with terminal behavior. Without any information from molecular theories, the plot supports the fact that the molecular theories of the linear viscoelasticity of monodisperse polymers are independent of the species of polymers. Although an appropriate scaling may show universality by separately extracting the reptational mode and the Rouse mode from the whole set of viscoelastic data, our plotting method shows universality in a unified manner that scales the viscoelastic functions measured over the whole frequency range. We explain the origin of the universality of the plot in terms of molecular theory, the phenomenological spectra of the relaxation time (the BSW and CW spectra), and the principle of time–temperature superposition. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2730–2737, 2004
Strutinsky's shell‐correction method in the extended Kohn–Sham scheme for the investigation of binding energies of atoms and cations in the ground state
Authors: Delchev Ya. I. , Kuleff A. I. , Mineva Tz. , Zahariev F. , Maruani J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe performed self‐consistent calculations of the oscillating part of the ground‐state energy of atoms and cations from Be through Ca, using Strutinsky's shell‐correction method in the framework of the extended Kohn–Sham scheme. New “transition state” numbers in the Taylor series expansion of the ground‐state energy are introduced, allowing the elimination of the second‐order shell‐correction term. We show that the application of this procedure yields practically identical results whether it is performed self‐consistently or not, and even the first‐order term of the shell‐correction series gives a good approximation. Oscillations in the shell‐correction energy of cations appear amplified with respect to those of the corresponding isoelectronic neutral atoms. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Don't let history repeat itself—methodological issues concerning the use of simulators in teaching and experimentation
Authors: Größler Andreas 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSimulators can be used for experimentation and for teaching purposes. How far promises of useful applications of simulators in these areas are justiﬁed is, however, an open question. Evaluation research on simulators is still in its infancy, both inside and outside the system dynamics community. A reason for this is methodological issues that derive from the nature of experimenting/teaching, but which are also caused by the speciﬁc characteristics of simulators. Fifteen such issues are identiﬁed and explained in this article and classiﬁed into three categories; methods for the mitigation of these issues are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endocrine and ultrasonographic characterization of a successful pregnancy in a Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) supplemented with a synthetic progestin
Authors: Roth T.L. , Bateman H.L. , Kroll J.L. , Steinetz B.G. , Reinhart P.R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA Sumatran rhinoceros with a history of early pregnancy loss was supplemented with a synthetic progestin, altrenogest (Regu‐Mate®), and delivered a healthy, full‐term calf 475 days after mating. Serum hormone concentrations were measured throughout gestation, and ultrasonography was used to monitor embryo/fetal growth and viability. The embryonic vesicle growth curve was characterized by three phases: rapid expansion, plateau, and a final rapid expansion, and was similar to that in the domestic horse. Fetal sex was determined by ultrasound on day 73 of gestation. After day 80 of gestation, transabdominal examinations were more useful than rectal examinations for imaging the fetus. Serum progesterone concentrations remained at luteal levels (1.5±0.5 ng/ml) for the first 2 months of pregnancy, and then they gradually increased. However, progesterone decreased almost to luteal levels during the fifth month before it increased again, and eventually reached peak concentrations (13.3±1.9 ng/ml) shortly before parturition. Relaxin concentrations remained basal (≤0.5 ng/ml) for the first half of the pregnancy, increased to 2.7±1.2 ng/ml and stabilized until 2 weeks before parturition, when relaxin spiked to unusually high concentrations (800–1300 ng/ml). Prolactin concentrations were at baseline (7.2±1.7 ng/ml) throughout most of the gestation, but rose markedly 2 weeks before parturition, reaching concentrations as high as 75 ng/ml. Attempts to measure serum estrogen concentrations were unsuccessful. These data represent the first attempt to characterize pregnancy in the critically endangered Sumatran rhinoceros, a species that heretofore had not successfully reproduced in captivity for 112 years. Zoo Biol 23:219–238, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of growth and nutritional status of juvenile Komodo monitors (Varanus komodoensis) maintained on rodent or poultry‐based diets
Authors: Lemm Jeffrey M. , Edwards Mark S. , Grant Tandora D. , Alberts Allison C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNutrition and growth data were collected on six juvenile Komodo monitors (Varanus komodoensis) over 20 months. The animals were captive‐bred from two separate clutches, laid 6 months apart. Three animals were fed a rodent diet, and the other three were fed a poultry‐based diet. The animals were all weighed and measured weekly. Blood samples were collected monthly. Blood samples were analyzed for sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), 25‐OH‐D, and cholesterol. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in dry matter intake (DMI) (1.12 vs. 0.90 %BW) and gross energy intake (GEI) (182.3 vs. 143.0 kcal GE/d), between rodent and poultry‐based diets, respectively. However, there were no differences in growth (average daily gain=6.13 vs. 6.33 g BW/d) between the two dietary treatments. Blood Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, and 25‐OH‐D concentrations were similar across treatments, while cholesterol levels were higher in the animals maintained on the rodent‐based diet. Zoo Biol 23:239–252, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing the formation and maintenance of all‐male gorilla groups in captivity
Authors: Stoinski T.S. , Lukas K.E. , Kuhar C.W. , Maple T.L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe social housing of males is of particular importance for captive managers of polygynous species. In this work, we highlight nine areas we believe are important to the successful formation and maintenance of all‐male gorilla groups. Although more data are still needed to complete our understanding of these groups, the general picture that emerges is that all‐male groups can be a functional social unit for male gorillas, the longevity of which might be improved by careful planning. It appears that the best time to form all‐male groups is when the animals are still immature, as males in this age class have been observed to form some of the most stable groups. Efforts should be made to diversify the groups in terms of rearing history, particularly with respect to hand‐reared males, and to limit the amount of hand rearing experienced by males. Groups probably should contain no more than three or four adult males. Exhibits should be designed to provide visual barriers, refuges for subordinate animals, the means to separate individuals, and possibly the means to isolate all‐male groups from mixed‐sex groups. Additionally, because it is likely that some males will have to be removed from all‐male groups, zoos need to design facilities that provide state‐of‐the‐art housing for solitary individuals. It is hoped that by identifying bachelor males early in life and establishing cooperative management plans across institutions, zoos will be able to provide beneficial, long‐term social situations for all male gorillas in captivity. Zoo Biol 23:189–203, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 29.5 KDA Heat‐modifiable Major Outer Membrane Protein of Rickettsia Prowazekii, Putative Virulence Factor, is a Peptidyl‐Prolyl Cis/trans Isomerase
Authors: Emelyanov Victor V. , Loukianov Evgeny V. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAllelic genes from three Rickettsia prowazekii strains encoding parvulin‐like protein (Plp), a heat‐modifiable 29.5 kDa major outer membrane protein, were earlier cloned into expression vector pQE 30. In this work, recombinant proteins were overproduced in E. coli, purified, and found to exhibit an expected peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity of a parvulin type in vitro with oligopeptide substrates. Native polypeptide of prototype virulent Breinl strain is known to differ by SDS ‐ PAGE mobility from those of both vaccine Madrid E and virulent EVir isolates. Being different in electrophoretic behavior, heat‐unmodified forms of the three strains were shown to migrate apart from lipopolysaccharides. A EVir Plp gene was sequenced, and deduced protein sequence was found to be identical to previously published Breinl and Madrid E. Present data indicate that unknown post‐translational modification(s) in rickettsiae are responsible for both interstrain difference and heat‐modifiability of Plp.
IUBMB Life, 56: 215‐219, 2004
Oxygen Free Radicals and the Systemic Inflammatory Response
Authors: Closa Daniel , Folch‐Puy Emma 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe generation of oxygen free radicals is known to be involved in the development of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In addition to their actions as noxious mediators generated by inflammatory cells, these molecules play also a crucial role contributing to the onset and progression of inflammation in distant organs. In the early stages of the process, free radicals exert their actions via activation of nuclear factors, as NFκB or AP‐1, that induce the synthesis of cytokines. In later stages, endothelial cells are activated due to the synergy between free radicals and cytokines, promoting the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. Finally, free radicals exert their toxic effects at the site of inflammation by reacting with different cell components, inducing loss of function and cell death. This review focuses on progress in the understanding the different actions of free radicals at the sequential stages of the development of the systemic inflammatory response.
IUBMB Life, 56: 185‐191, 2004
Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Balances Angiogenesis Activation and Inhibition
Authors: Zaichuk Tetiana A. , Shroff Emelyn H. , Emmanuel Rebekah , Filleur Stephanie , Nelius Thomas , Volpert Olga V. 
Published: June 2004

It has been demonstrated that vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) induction of angiogenesis requires activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We show that NFATc2 is also activated by basic fibroblast growth factor and blocked by the inhibitor of angiogenesis pigment epithelial–derived factor (PEDF). This suggests a pivotal role for this transcription factor as a convergence point between stimulatory and inhibitory signals in the regulation of angiogenesis.We identified c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) as essential upstream regulators of NFAT activity in angiogenesis. We distinguished JNK-2 as responsible for NFATc2 cytoplasmic retention by PEDF and JNK-1 and JNK-2 as mediators of PEDF-driven NFAT nuclear export.We identified a novel NFAT target, caspase-8 inhibitor cellular Fas-associated death domain–like interleukin 1β–converting enzyme inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), whose expression was coregulated by VEGF and PEDF. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed VEGF-dependent increase of NFATc2 binding to the c-FLIP promoter in vivo, which was attenuated by PEDF. We propose that one possible mechanism of concerted angiogenesis regulation by activators and inhibitors may be modulation of the endothelial cell apoptosis via c-FLIP controlled by NFAT and its upstream regulator JNK.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder limited to the skin
Authors: Samolitis Nancy J. , Bharadwaj Jayaram S. , Weis John R. , Harris Ronald M. 
Published: June 2004

Background:  Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a condition affecting immunosuppressed transplant patients and has a variety of clinical presentations. It is rarely found in the skin, and cases of PTLD in the skin are usually linked with lymph node or other organ involvement.Methods:  We report a case of plasmacytoid PTLD that is limited to the skin. A 63‐year‐old man with a history of cardiac transplant presented with exophytic tumors involving the lower extremity. The diagnosis and classification of the various forms of PTLD are discussed.Results:  Histology, immunohistochemical stains, and in situ hybridization revealed an aggressive plasmacytoid tumor that was Epstein–Barr virus positive. The patient's tumors resolved with decreased immunosuppression and localized radiation.Conclusion:  This case is unusual for several reasons including involvement limited to the skin, presentation 15 years following transplant, and plasmacytoid phenotype of the tumor. This disorder will likely be seen by dermatologists and dermatopathologists with the increasing use of immunosuppressive medications in the dermatologist's patient population.
CTLA‐4 gene polymorphism and its association with Graves’ disease in the Lebanese population
Authors: Nakkash‐Chmaisse H. , Makki R. F. , Abdelhamid E. , Fakhoury H. , Salti N. N. , Salti I. 
Published: June 2004

SummaryGraves’ disease is an organ‐specific autoimmune disease that has a female predominance. It is probably the result of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This disease is characterized by immune system activation, evidenced by elevated serum thyroid‐specific autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltration of the target organ (the thyroid gland), associated with raised levels of circulating activated T lymphocytes. Several reports have demonstrated genetic linkage and association between the genetic markers of the CTLA‐4 gene on chromosome 2q33 and Graves’ disease. In order to confirm this association in the Lebanese population, a bi‐allelic A/G polymorphism at position 49 of CTLA‐4 exon 1 was studied in 34 patients with Graves’ disease, and in 38 healthy individuals, using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis. The results showed a significant increase in allele and genotype frequencies in patients with Graves’ disease compared to controls. This suggests that the CTLA‐4 gene might play a role in the development of Graves’ disease in the Lebanese population.