bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hepcidin on intestinal iron absorption in mice
Authors: Laftah Abas H. , Ramesh Bala , Simpson Robert J. , Solanky Nita , Bahram Seiamak , Schümann Klaus , Debnam Edward S. , Srai Surjit K. S. 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
The effect of the putative iron regulatory peptide hepcidin on iron absorption was investigated in mice. Hepcidin peptide was synthesized and injected into mice for up to 3 days, and in vivo iron absorption was measured with tied-off segments of duodenum. Liver hepcidin expression was measured by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Hepcidin significantly reduced mucosal iron uptake and transfer to the carcass at doses of at least 10 μg/mouse per day, the reduction in transfer to the carcass being proportional to the reduction in iron uptake. Synthetic hepcidin injections down-regulated endogenous liver hepcidin expression excluding the possibility that synthetic hepcidin was functioning by a secondary induction of endogenous hepcidin. The effect of hepcidin was significant at least 24 hours after injection of hepcidin. Liver iron stores and hemoglobin levels were unaffected by hepcidin injection. Similar effects of hepcidin on iron absorption were seen in iron-deficient and Hfe knockout mice. Hepcidin inhibited the uptake step of duodenal iron absorption but did not affect the proportion of iron transferred to the circulation. The effect was independent of iron status of mice and did not require Hfe gene product. The data support a key role for hepcidin in the regulation of intestinal iron uptake.
Prompt versus preemptive intervention for EBV lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Wagner Hans-Joachim , Cheng Yee Chung , Huls M. Helen , Gee Adrian P. , Kuehnle Ingrid , Krance Robert A. , Brenner Malcolm K. , Rooney Cliona M. , Heslop Helen E. 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) caused by uncontrolled expansion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–infected B cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be predicted by an increase in EBV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) analysis to determine whether frequent monitoring of EBV DNA to allow preemptive treatment is truly of value in patients after HSCT. More than 1300 samples from 85 recipients were analyzed. No patient with consistently low EBV DNA levels developed PTLD. Nine patients had a single episode with a high EBV load (more than 4000 EBV copies/μg peripheral blood mononuclear cell [PBMC] DNA), and 16 patients had high EBV loads detected on 2 or more occasions. Only 8 of these developed symptoms consistent with PTLD, and all were promptly and successfully treated with EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells or CD20 monoclonal antibody. Hence, quantitative measurement of EBV DNA may best be used to enable the prompt rather than the preemptive treatment of PTLD.
Myoblast determination in the somatic and visceral mesoderm depends on Notch signalling as well as onmilliways(miliAlk) as receptor for Jeb signalling
Authors: Stute Christiana , Schimmelpfeng Kristina , Renkawitz-Pohl Renate , Palmer Ruth H. , Holz Anne 
Published: February 2004

The visceral muscles of the Drosophila midgut consist of syncytia and arise by fusion of founder and fusion-competent myoblasts, as described for the somatic muscles. A single-step fusion results in the formation of binucleate circular midgut muscles, whereas a multiple-step fusion process produces the longitudinal muscles. A prerequisite for muscle fusion is the establishment of myoblast diversity in the mesoderm prior to the fusion process itself. We provide evidence for a role of Notch signalling during establishment of the different cell types in the visceral mesoderm,demonstrating that the basic mechanism underlying the segregation of somatic muscle founder cells is also conserved during visceral founder cell determination.Searching for genes involved in the determination and differentiation of the different visceral cell types, we identified two independent mutations causing loss of visceral midgut muscles. In both of these mutants visceral muscle founder cells are missing and the visceral mesoderm consists of fusion-competent myoblasts only. Thus, no fusion occurs resulting in a complete disruption of visceral myogenesis. Subsequent characterisation of the mutations revealed that they are novel alleles of jelly belly(jeb) and the Drosophila Alk homologue named milliways (miliAlk). We show that the process of founder cell determination in the visceral mesoderm depends on Jeb signalling via the Milliways/Alk receptor.Moreover, we demonstrate that in the somatic mesoderm determination of the opposite cell type, the fusion-competent myoblasts, also depends on Jeb and Alk, revealing different roles for Jeb signalling in specifying myoblast diversity. This novel mechanism uncovers a crosstalk between somatic and visceral mesoderm leading not only to the determination of different cell types but also maintains the separation of mesodermal tissues, the somatic and splanchnic mesoderm.
CdS Nanobelts on Si Substrate
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Jin Chuangui , Jia Chong , Yao Lianzeng , Cai Weili , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
CdS nanobelts were successfully synthesized by rapidly evaporating CdS nanoparticles. The nanobelts are single crystals with a hexagonal structure growing along the [001] direction. Photoluminescence measurement shows that the nanobelts have two emission bands around 517 and 735 nm, which should come from the intrinsic transition and the Vs+ vacancies, respectively.
Isolation of Cyclohexadienone Intermediates in the Photo-Fries Rearrangement of 2,4-Dimethylnaphth-1-yl and 1,4-Dimethylnaphth-2-yl 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoates
Authors: Mori Tadashi , Takamoto Makoto , Saito Hideaki , Furo Takahiro , Wada Takehiko , Inoue Yoshihisa 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Labile cyclohexadienones were isolated for the first time in good yields in the photo-Fries rearrangement of partially blocked naphthyl esters. Upon direct excitation at 313 nm, 1,4-dimethylnaphth-2-yl and 2,4-dimethylnaphth-1-yl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoates afforded 1-acyl-2-naphthalenone and 2- and 4-acyl-1-naphthalenones, respectively. This isolation is of particular importance as a direct mechanistic proof and also as a convenient route to these thermally less-accessible compounds.
Separation of Warfarin Enantiomers by Capillary Gas Chromatography with Chiral Stationary Phase
Authors: Abe Iwao , Nagamatsu Daiki , Nakahara Taketoshi , Fabian Gerd 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Warfarin was converted into O-perfluoroacyl derivatives and separated into enantiomers by capillary GC with chiral stationary phase of polydimethylsiloxane anchored with S(−)-t-leucine-S(−)-1-phenylethylamide. All the derivatives showed almost complete separation. Especially in the case of O-heptafluorobutyryl derivative, baseline separation could be observed.
Improved Long-range Order of Silicious MCM-41 by Gradual Heating of Synthesis Gel
Authors: Sinha A K , Seelan S , Akita T , Tsubota S , Haruta M 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Mesoporous MCM-41 with fiber-like morphology and a high degree of long-range internal order in micrometer range, could be prepared by very gradual heating of the precursor gel to the crystallization temperature.
Preparation of TiO2 Photocatalysts by Multi-gelation and Their Photocatalytic Reactivity for the Degradation of 2-Propanol
Authors: Neppolian Bernaurdshaw , Yamashita Hiromi , Okada Yoshimi , Nishijima Hiroaki , Anpo Masakazu 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
TiO2 photocatalysts, prepared by a multi-gelation method, showed higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2-propanol diluted in water. This multi-gelation method showed a good performance in controlling the parameters viz. particle size, surface area, crystallinity as well as anatase and rutile phase composition, which are responsible for the higher activity of these photocatalysts.
Self-initiated Chain-growth Polycondensation for Aromatic Polyamides
Authors: Yokozawa Tsutomu , Sugi Ryuji , Asai Toshinobu , Yokoyama Akihiro 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
The polycondensation of phenyl 4-(octylamino)benzoate (1) proceeded in a chain-polymerization manner to yield aromatic polyamides with low polydispersities (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.1) even under normal conditions for step-growth polycondensation, in which initiator was not added. On the basis of the results of the polycondesations of 1 with initiator models, this self-initiated chain-growth polycondensation involves the formation of the dimer of 1, which initiates the chain-growth polymerization faster than step-growth polymerization.
Crystallographic report: Crystal structure of bis[dipyrido[3,2,‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine]lead(II)diiodide
Authors: Shi Yu‐Jun , Jiang Guo‐Qing , Zhang Yue‐Hua , You Xiao‐Zeng 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe mononuclear lead(II) complex of formula [PbI2(DPPZ)2] (DPPZ = dipyrido[3,2,‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine) has two‐fold symmetry and features a distorted octahedral geometry for lead defined by an N4I2 donor set. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic report: Tris{2‐[2‐(1‐methyl)imidazolyl]methyliminoethyl}aminezinc(II) dihexafluorophosphate
Authors: Yang Shi‐Ping , Chen Hong‐Mei , Zhang Fan , Yu Xi‐Bin 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe cation in the title compound has crystallographic threefold symmetry. The zinc atom is in a distorted octahedral geometry, being coordinated by three nitrogen atoms of the imine and three nitrogen atoms of imidazole. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short communication: A thermochromism study in the ferrocenyl‐benzopyran series
Authors: Anguille Stéphane , Brun Pierre , Guglielmetti Robert 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe synthesis and the photochromic behaviour of a series of benzopyrans (otherwise called 2H‐chromenes), substituted in the 2‐position by a metallocene, have been previously described. Some of these compounds also present thermochromic properties. As the thermochromism has been scarcely studied in the benzopyran series, we describe here a study of the thermochromic properties of ferrocenyl benzopyrans. The correlations between the structure of the compounds investigated and their thermochromic properties are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic report: A three‐dimensional coordination polymer: poly‐[µ7‐1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylato‐bis(N,N‐dimethylformamide)dizinc(II)]
Authors: Yang Shi‐Yao , Long La‐Sheng , Huang Rong‐Bin , Zheng Lan‐Sun , Ng Seik Weng 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe structure of the title compound, [Zn2(btc)(DMF)2]n (btc = 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylate, DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide), shows that the octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated zinc atoms (present in the ratio 1:1) are linked by btc ligands to form a three‐dimensional network comprising cross‐linked channels occupied by coordinated DMF molecules. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐yield synthesis of milligram amounts of isotopically enriched methylmercury (CH3198HgCl)
Authors: Bancon‐Montigny Chrystelle , Yang Lu , Sturgeon Ralph E. , Colombini Vanessa , Mester Zoltán 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIsotopically enriched CH3198HgCl (MeHgCl) has been synthesized from commercially available elemental 198Hg (96% isotopic purity). Elemental mercury is first converted to HgCl2 and subsequently reacted with methylcobalamin to produce MeHgCl. The resulting MeHgCl is isolated from the reaction mixture by successive extractions with toluene and dried over Na2SO4. The product structure was verified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the isotopic composition was determined by GC–inductively coupled plasma MS. The yield obtained is 99%. The proposed method allows preparation of milligram quantities of MeHgCl in one step, minimizing the cost of this synthesis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic report: A new polymorph for bis[bis(N,N‐dibenzyldithiocarbamato)cadmium(II)]
Authors: Saravanan M. , Ramalingam K. , Bocelli G. , Olla R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe title compound is a centrosymmetric dimer with each cadmium in a distorted CdS5 square pyramidal geometry. The Cd–S bond distances range from 2.5626(11) to 2.8459(11) Å. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic report: Diazido[bis(2‐pyridyl)amine]zinc(II) hydrate, [Zn(C10H9N3)2(N3)2]·H2O
Authors: Du Miao , Zhao Xiao‐Jun 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn mononuclear [Zn(C10H9N3)2(N3)2]·H2O, the zinc atom has an approximate octahedral geometry, coordinated with four pyridyl nitrogen atoms derived from two bis(2‐pyridyl)amine molecules and two terminal nitrogen donors of the azide anions. Hydrogen‐bonding interactions extend this structure to form a double‐layer architecture. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic report: The [bis(η5‐methylcyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV)‐bis(N‐methylglycine)] dichloride
Authors: Bína Radim , Císařová Ivana , Pavlík Ivan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe crystal network of [Cp′2Ti(N−CH3Gly)2]2+[Cl−]2 (Cp′ = (CH3)C5H4) complex, which crystallizes as a solvate with CH3OH, is built up with discrete cationic units connected through intermolecular H· · ·Cl bonds. The α‐amino acid ligands are attached through an intramolecular H· · ·O bond within one cationic unit. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic report: Bis(N,N‐dibenzyldithiocarbamato)zinc(II)
Authors: Decken Andreas , Gossage Robert A. , Chan Meng Yin , Lai Chian Sing , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe structure of Zn[S2CN(CH2Ph)2]2 features, in contrast to many related analogues, a mononuclear species with two chelating dithiocarbamate ligands that form a distorted tetrahedral array around the zinc centre; the molecule has two‐fold symmetry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short communication: Stille coupling reactions of functionalized triorganotin halides
Authors: Thiele Christina M. , Mitchell Terence N. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractConvenient conditions for the Stille coupling of halide‐bearing triorganotin compounds, which do not normally react under typical Stille reaction conditions, are presented. The coupling of vinylstannanes with allyl bromide using palladium(II) catalysis is accomplished under fluoride assistance to give the substituted 2,5‐hexadien‐1‐ols in Z‐configuration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Nothing that feels bad is ever the last step:’ the role of positive emotions in experiential work with difficult emotional experiences
Authors: Fosha Diana 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to show (i) how the moment‐to‐moment tracking and processing of emotionto completion—in an emotionally engaged patient–therapist dyad where the individual feels safe and known—constitutes a powerful mechanism of therapeutic transformation, and (ii) how positive emotions are sensitive affective markers of that transformational process. Evidence fromtransformational studiesis used to elaborate the vital role of positive emotions in the process of change in general, and, more specifically, in the course of therapeutic work with painful and overwhelming emotional experience. It is proposed that these emergent positive emotions are affective markers which signal the operation of healing transformational processes in psychotherapy. Several types of positive emotion that arise spontaneously during moment‐to‐moment experiential therapeutic work will be described and their role as markers of different transformational processes will be elucidated. The paper begins with examples of clinical work with emotion in AEDP (Accelerated Experiential–Dynamic Psychotherapy), an emotion‐focused and attachment‐based model of therapy that places the dyadic regulation of affect at the centre of both theory and practice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional processes in psychotherapy: evidence across therapeutic modalities
Authors: Whelton William J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article briefly reviews recent process research on emotion in humanistic, cognitive, behavioural and psychodynamic psychotherapies. Cognitive therapy has traditionally shown less interest in emotional processes than the other therapies, but the interest of the others has not always borne fruit in empirical research. At the present time there is an interest in emotion research in therapy that cuts across all therapeutic modalities. Emotional processing and depth of experiencing, two heavily‐researched emotion process categories of the behaviourists and humanists respectively, have been shown to have a robust association with outcome. There is accumulating evidence that both the in‐session activation of specific, relevant emotions and the cognitive exploration and elaboration of the significance and meaning of these emotions are important for therapeutic change. Further research on emotional processes in psychotherapy is required. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caudate volume measurement in older adults with bipolar disorder
Authors: Beyer John L. , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Payne Martha , Moo‐Young Melissa , Cassidy Frederick , MacFall James , R. Krishnan K. Ranga 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackgroundDecreased caudate volumes have been noted in unipolar depressed subjects, especially in the elderly and those with cognitive impairment. No differences have been noted in initial studies of multi‐aged bipolar subjects; however, this region has not been examined in older bipolar subjects.MethodsWe examined the caudate nuclei volumes of 36 older bipolar subjects (mean age 58) and 35 older controls (mean age 62) using logistic regression analyses to control for age and gender differences. Differences between late‐ and early‐onset (age‐of‐onset before age 45) bipolar subjects were also examined, as well as the effect of length of illness.ResultsThe right caudate was noted to be smaller in older bipolar subjects compared with older controls when controlled for sex and age (p = 0.0448). No differences were noted in overall brain volume nor lateral ventricular volume between the bipolar and control subjects. Late‐onset bipolar subjects had a decrease in brain volume (p = 0.035) compared with early‐onset bipolar subjects. Late‐onset bipolar subjects had a decrease in the right (p = 0.044) and total (p = 0.04) caudate size compared with older controls.ConclusionsRight caudate volume is decreased in older bipolar subjects compared to controls. Bipolar subjects with late‐onset illness have significantly decreased right and total caudate volumes compared to controls. This is affected by neither the length of illness nor the age of onset. Late‐onset bipolar subjects have decreased total brain volume compared with early‐onset bipolar subjects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of psychosis with or without associated behavioral disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: De Deyn Peter Paul , Carrasco Manuel Martín , Deberdt Walter , Jeandel Claude , Hay Donald P. , Feldman Peter D. , Young Carrie A. , Lehman Deborah L. , Breier Alan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectivesPsychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbances are a concern in the care of elderly patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD). This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of olanzapine versus placebo in patients with psychotic symptoms associated with AD in long‐term or continuing‐care settings.MethodsPatients (n = 652) with AD and delusions or hallucinations were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of double‐blind treatment with placebo or fixed‐dose olanzapine (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mg/day).ResultsMean age was 76.6±10.4 years. Repeated‐measures analysis showed significant improvement from baseline in NPI/NH Psychosis Total scores (sum of Delusions, Hallucinations items—primary efficacy measure) in all five treatment groups (p<0.001), but no pairwise treatment differences were seen at the 10‐week endpoint. However, under LOCF analysis, improvement in the 7.5 mg olanzapine group (−6.2 ± 4.9) was significantly greater than with placebo (−5.0 ± 6.1, p = 0.008), while endpoint CGI‐C scores showed the greatest improvement in the Olz 2.5 olanzapine group (2.8 ± 1.4, p = 0.030) relative to placebo (3.2 ± 1.4). There were significant overall treatment‐group differences in increased weight, anorexia, and urinary incontinence, with olanzapine showing numerically higher incidences. However, neither the incidence of any other individual events, including extrapyramidal symptoms, nor of total adverse events occurred with significantly higher frequency in any olanzapine group relative to placebo. No clinically relevant significant changes were seen across groups in cognition or any other vital sign or laboratory measure, including glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol.ConclusionsWhile 1.0 mg olanzapine did not show significant differences from placebo, the 2.5 mg dose was a reasonable starting dose. Olanzapine at 7.5 mg/day significantly decreased psychosis and overall behavioral disturbances (NPI/NH, BPRS) and was well tolerated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DemTect: a new, sensitive cognitive screening test to support the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early dementia
Authors: Kalbe E. , Kessler J. , Calabrese P. , Smith R. , Passmore A. P. , Brand M. , Bullock R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo design a new, highly sensitive psychometric screening to identify patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with dementia in the early stages of the disease.MethodsFive tasks were included in the DemTect: a word list, a number transcoding task, a word fluency task, digit span reverse, and delayed recall of the word list. The normation was performed with 145 healthy control subjects (CG). Furthermore, 97 MCI patients and 121 patients with possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) were tested with the DemTect and the MMSE. Classification rates for both tests were analysed.ResultsOn the basis of the CG data, age‐dependant transformation algorithms for the DemTect subtests were defined, and an education correction was provided for the total transformed score. The patient groups scored significantly below the CG in both the DemTect and the MMSE. Compared to the MMSE, classification rates of the DemTect were superior for both the MCI and the AD group, with high sensitivities of 80% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsThe DemTect is short (8–10 minutes), easy to administer, and its transformed total score (maximum 18) is independent of age and education. The DemTect helps in deciding whether cognitive performance is adequate for age (13–18 points), or whether MCI (9–12 points) or dementia (8 points or below) should be suspected. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seeing a new side to seasides: culturally regenerating the English seaside town
Authors: Smith Melanie Kay 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe ‘buzzword’ for the 1990s was undoubtedly the concept of sustainability in all its various manifestations, not least in the field of tourism development. Its successor for the 2000s looks set to become the phenomenon of cultural regeneration, which is already dominating the urban landscape of much of western Europe. However, the extent to which regeneration through cultural development and the revival of tourism can become the new panacea for declining resorts is open to debate. This issue will be discussed in more depth in the context of English seaside towns, focusing in particular on a case study of Southend‐on‐Sea. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.