bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Transient attenuation by HDPE backward configuration Technique
Authors: Mery Hadi O. , EKaid Ali L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hydraulic transients pose a significant threat to pressurized conduits, and their occurrence is commonplace in industrial pipelines throughout their operational lifespan. The potential for catastrophic damage resulting from hydraulic transient events has compelled researchers to explore effective techniques for mitigating their severity. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study aimed at investigating the efficacy of employing a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bypass as a hydraulic transient mitigation strategy. The configured HDPE bypass is designed to allow backward flows while restraining forward flows. The study encompasses various transient conditions, with measurements recorded at different locations along the pipeline. The investigated hydraulic transient scenarios include pump trip-induced transients, end valve closure transients, and simultaneous pump and valve closure-induced transients. Furthermore, the performance of the HDPE backward configuration technique is compared with that of the air vessel technique.
In conclusion, the experiments reveal that the HDPE backward configuration technique proves to be an effective strategy for attenuating transient pressure waves in hydraulic systems. Notably, the HDPE technique outperformed the air vessel technique in several experimental conditions. Additionally, the combined use of the HDPE and air vessel techniques demonstrated superior performance compared to each technique individually across all measured locations and under various transient conditions.
How do interactive exhibits at a science center become cognitive artifacts?
Authors: Trybulec Marcin , Iłowiecka-Tańska Ilona 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The paper examines the semiotic and cognitive status of interactive exhibits at science centers, taking the Copernicus Science Center in Warsaw (CSC) as an example. Such science centers support bottom-up interactions, encouraging visitors to spontaneously explore the exhibits in various ways. We analyze one distinctive way of interaction, when young visitors ignore an exhibit’s instruction and use it as if it were a kind of a toy or machine to play with (this is particularly common with exhibits that are unfamiliar “open-ended objects”). Drawing on cognitive semiotics we describe this particular way of interacting with exhibits as the reality mode of experience, in which the user ignores an intended exhibit’s representational function. We consider whether such interactive objects can be framed as cognitive artifacts, given that standard conceptualizations emphasize their representational function. How can we convincingly describe the process by which the cognitive function of an exhibit experienced in reality mode is constituted? In this paper we apply concept of ecological cognitive artifact and the idea of the enactive signification to these questions. We argue that exhibits experienced in reality mode do indeed perform cognitive functions, even in the absence of a representational relation. Our investigation provides insights into the cognitive functions of exhibits and contributes to the conceptualization of non-representational cognitive artifacts.
Multi-omic analysis reveals the effects of interspecific hybridization on the synthesis of seed reserve polymers in a Triticum turgidum ssp. durum × Aegilops sharonensis amphidiploid
Authors: Hu Qian , Liu Jing , Chen Xiaolei , Guzmán Carlos , Xu Qiang , Zhang Yazhou , Chen Qian , Tang Huaping , Qi Pengfei , Deng Mei , Ma Jian , Chen Guoyue , Wei Yuming , Wang Jirui , Zheng Youliang , Tu Yong , Jiang Qiantao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Wheat grain endosperm is mainly composed of proteins and starch. The contents and the overall composition of seed storage proteins (SSP) markedly affect the processing quality of wheat flour. Polyploidization results in duplicated chromosomes, and the genomes are often unstable and may result in a large number of genes loss and gene rearrangements. However ,the instability of the genome itself, as well as the large number of duplicated genes generated during polyploidy, is an important driving force for genetic innovation This study compared the differences of starch and SSP, and analyse the transcriptomeand and metabolome conducted among Ae. sharonensis, durum wheat and amphidiploid to reveal the effects of polyploidization on the synthesis of seed reserve polymers.
Results
The total starch and amylose content of Z636×R7 was significantly higher than R7 and lower than Z636. The gliadin and glutenin contents of Z636×R7 were higher than those in Z636 and R7. Through transcriptome analysis, there were 21037,2197,15090 differentially expressed genes in the three comparison groups of R7 vs Z636, Z636 vs Z636 × R7, Z636 × R7 vs R7, which were mainly enriched in carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR were combined to analyze the expression levels of genes related to storage substances. It was found that the expression levels of AGP-L, AGP-S and GBSSI of some starch synthase genes in Z636×R7 were higher than R7 and among the 17 differentially expressed genes related to storage proteins, the expression levels of 14 genes in R7 were lower than those in Z636 and Z636 × R7. According to the classification analysis of all differential metabolites, most of the metabolites belong to carboxylic acids and derivatives, fattyacyls, and are enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, one carbon pool by flate etc.
Conclusion
After allopolyploidization, it may be affected by the exogenous genome, the organic synthesis function is down-regulated, the seed development cycle is prolonged, and the starch accumulation period is delayed. Therefore, at the same development time point, the starch accumulation of Z636 × R7 lags behind that of Z636. In this study, the expression of GSe2 gene in Z636 × R7 was higher than that of the two parents, which was beneficial to protein synthesis and thus increased protein content. These results eventually led to the alteration of synthesis of seed reserve polymers. The current study provided a basis for a greater in-depth understanding of the mechanism of wheat allopolyploid formation and its stable preservation and promote the effective exploitation of high-value alleles
Melt Pool Width Measurement in a Multi-Track, Multi-Layer Laser Powder Bed Fusion Print Using Single-Camera Two-Wavelength Imaging Pyrometry
Authors: Vallabh Chaitanya Krishna Prasad , Zhang Haolin , Anderson David Scott , To Albert C , Zhao Xiayun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing, melt pool characterization is one of the potential approaches toward rapid process qualification and efficient non-destructive evaluation of printed parts. Especially melt pool width measurement is crucial for understanding the print process regimes, estimating the solidified melt pool depth, and identifying any process anomalies, among other attributes of interest. While existing works focus on monitoring melt pools of single scan tracks or single layer prints, melt pool characterization for a multi-track multi-layer (MTML) LPBF print has not been extensively studied. In this work, we employ our lab-designed coaxial single-camera two-wavelength imaging pyrometry (STWIP) system to monitor in situ melt pool properties during a MTML LPBF process. The STWIP-measured melt pool widths are validated using a serial sectioning machine (Robo-Met, UES). The in-situ STWIP and ex-situ Robo-Met measurement data are in close agreement with each other, having a mean absolute error and root mean squared error of 9.83 µm and 16.53 µm, respectively. Further we demonstrate the successful mapping of melt pool location and melt pool size on the printed MTML part. In sum, this work demonstrates the capability and the applicability of STWIP for accurate large-scale melt pool monitoring during LPBF processing of practical parts, thereby facilitating the development of LPBF process models and control strategies.
Real-life hypoglycemia partially blunts the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ajie Mandala , Heck Julia IP van , Verhulst Clementine EM , Fabricius Therese W , Hendriksz Marijn S , McCrimmon Rory J , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Galan Bastiaan , Stienstra Rinke , Tack Cees J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
People with type 1 diabetes experience hypoglycemia on a regular basis. A single experimental hypoglycemic episode has been shown to induce a pro-inflammatory response, which includes an increase in circulating immune cell numbers, ex vivo monocyte responses, and circulating inflammatory proteins. The aim of this study was to determine whether recent repeated exposure to real-life hypoglycemia attenuates this response.
Methods
This was a post-hoc analysis of a hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic-hypoglycemic clamp study involving 40 participants with type 1 diabetes. Glucose levels a week before the clamp were monitored using a Freestyle Libre 1 glucose sensor. Blood was drawn during normoglycemia and hypoglycemia, and 24h after resolution of hypoglycemia for measurements of inflammatory responses and counterregulatory hormone levels. We determined the relationship between frequency, duration of spontaneous hypoglycemia, and time below range (TBR) and the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycemia.
Results
Experimental hypoglycemia increased the number of circulating cells, ex vivo cytokine productions of LPS-stimulated monocytes, and circulating inflammatory proteins (P < 0.05 for all). A high variability of hypoglycemia frequency (0.79 [0.43,1.14] episode per day), duration (78 [47,110] mins), and TBR (5.5 [2.8,8.5]%) was observed between participants. TBR and hypoglycemia frequency were inversely associated with the increase in circulating granulocyte and lymphocyte cell counts during hypoglycemia. Numbers of circulating immune cells were also associated with the adrenaline response to experimental hypoglycemia (P < 0.05 for all). A protein network consisting of DNER, IF-R, uPA, Flt3L, FGF-5, TWEAK was negatively associated with hypoglycemia frequency (P < 0.05), but not with the adrenaline response.
Conclusion
Repeated exposure to spontaneous hypoglycemia is associated with blunted effects of subsequent hypoglycemia on circulating immune cells and a number of inflammatory proteins. To what extent this blunted response is mediated by the attenuated adrenaline response requires further study.
Trial registration
: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03976271
Comparison of the zonal distribution of calcium salt density and fat marrow in bone-healthy and osteoporotic sacra: An image data analysis using quantitative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Klauke Friederike , Zänker Katja , Schenk Philipp , Kobbe Philipp , Mendel Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Osteoporotic sacral fractures are of high socioeconomic importance. Currently, the nature of the fracture and its pathogenesis are not fully understood. Studies have shown rarefaction of cancellous bone within the sacral ala for which fatty degeneration is hypothesized to be responsibel. This study investigated the zonal distribution of calcium salt and fat marrow along the S1, S2, and S3 corridors in bone-healthy and osteoporotic pelvis using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography data. Furthermore, the intact side was compared with the fractured side in a subgroup of patients with osteoporotic sacral fractures.
The study results suggest that the alar zones of the osteoporotic sacra experience disproportionate skeletal rarefaction. Moreover, osteoporotic sacra at the S1 level had lower calcium salt contents in the alar zones than non-osteoporotic sacra at the S3 level. This explains the occurrence of transalar fragility fractures, particularly in S1, which is a biomechanically relevant, load-transmitting zone with a fracture-predictive value. Furthermore, the difference in density at the S1/S2 segmental junction increased the risk of typical transverse fractures in the later stages of bilateral sacral fragility fractures. Simultaneously, an increase in fat content within the alar cavities was observed in the osteoporotic sacra. In the case of a fracture, the calcium salt density was higher and the fat content was lower on the fractured side than on the intact side, indicating bony compacting due to lateral compression and fat displacement due to fracture haematoma in the accident mechanism.
Association between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Serum Uric Acid in the Third Trimester of Pregnant Women
Authors: Hong Qifu , Pu Tao , Li Maojie , Chen Zhongbao , Liu Xingyan , Zeng Rong , Zhang Mingzhe , Dai Lulu , An Songlin , Shen Xubo , Shang Xuejun , Zhou Yuanzhong , Tian Kunming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Phthalates exposure associates with increased serum uric acid levels in the general population, and whether this association also exists in pregnant women has not been explored yet.
Methods
we conducted a cross-sectional population-based study including 851 pregnant women from a ZunYi birth cohort in southwestern China. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore single relationship between ten urinary phthalate metabolites with SUA and eGFR. Moreover, the overall relationship of ten urinary phthalate metabolites with SUA and eGFR were determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and quantitative g-computation (Q-g) analysis, respectively. Besides, the potential effect modification factors were explored by employing the subgroup analysis.
Results
The multivariable linear regression showed that MBP, MOP and MBzP were positively associated with SUA, while MEHP and MEHHP were associated with increased eGFR level. Moreover, mixed phthalate metabolites were positively associated with SUA, evidence by PCA analysis, of which MOP, MBzP and MEHP exhibited the major contributors. Furthermore, Q-g regression showed each quantile increase in mixture of phthalate was associated with 3.27% higher SUA (95% CI: 0.21%, 6.41%), but not significant with eGFR.
Conclusion
pregnant women’s exposure to phthalates was associated with a higher serum uric acid, in which MBP, MBzP and MOP might play important roles. Our results imply that positive perinatal health should be seriously taken to counteract the environment-associated impaired kidney function.
The factors related to blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery.
Authors: Oki Yamato , Hatakeyama Hiromitsu , Yamamoto Kouzi , Fukui Kenta , Yamada Shota , Kizima Natsumi , Iwamura Tai , Matsumoto Yu , Ninomiya Hiroaki , Isono Yasuhiro , Sato Kaname , Kuwahara Tatsu , Oridate Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: The safety and efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery have improved with the development of new equipment and improved surgical techniques. However, it is accompanied by the risk of complications. Intra-operative blood loss is an important factor for the safe conduct of surgery. Therefore, we examined the factors associated with intra-operative blood loss.
Method: The amount of intra-operative bleeding experienced by 518 patients with sinonasal disease who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery under general anaesthesia at our hospital over 9 years was tabulated. Thirty-four variables were extracted after analysis of the patients’ background, sinonasal pathology, and haematology results. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed.
Results: Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in the prothrombin time-international normalised ratio (PT-INR), Lund-Mackay score, operative time, and initial versus repeat surgery.
The degree of change between the 25% and 75% points was significant for the following variables: an increase from 5 to 14 points for the Lund-Mackay score at 73.0 mL.
Conclusions: Preoperative precautionary measures should be implemented in the event of re-operation, expected prolonged operative time, high Lund-Mackay score, and prolonged PT-INR. Intra-operative blood loss in patients with a high Lund-Mackay score requires meticulous attention.
Association between avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder risk, dietary attitudes and behaviors among Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tu Wenjing , Li Yiting , Yin Tingting , Zhang Sumin , Zhang Ping , Xu Guihua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Restrictive eating behaviors are common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may may develop nutritional and/or quality of life impairments into avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of ARFID in Chinese patients with IBD, and to investigate the current perceptions and dietary behaviors of patients with and without ARFID.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in gastroenterology clinics of four tertiary hospitals in China. Patients with IBD were asked to complete a structuredquestionnaire including demographic characteristics, dietary attitudes and behaviors. The diagnosis of ARFID was established using Chinese version of the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen questionnaire.
Results: A total of 483 patients with IBD completed the questionnaires, and 20.3% met clinical criteria for ARFID. The average score of ARFID was 21.9 (interquartile range=17.0-26.0). Binary logistic regression results showed that patients with Crohn's disease (OR=0.483, 95%CI=0.280-0.835; p=0.009), being in an active disease state (OR=0.220, 95%CI=0.123-0.392; p<0.001), holding dietary attitudes regarding symptom control (OR=2.431, 95%CI=1.299-4.548; p=0.005), and reporting a specific dietary history (OR=27.158, 95%CI=3.679-200.456; p=0.001) were significant more likely to suffer from ARFID.
Conclusions: ARFID is a common problem among patients with IBD. The incidence of ARFID is particularly high among patients with Crohn's disease, during relapse, and those who hold restrictive dietary attitudes or have a history of specific diets. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize routine screening and early identification of ARFID, especially among high-risk populations, in future research and clinical practice.
Trial registration: ChiCTR2100051539, on 26 September 2021.
Evaluating the Influence of Surface Protective Coating on the Capillary Water Absorption Properties of Ignimbrites
Authors: Varol Ogün Ozan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Natural stone is predominantly subjected to deterioration, with water being recognized as its primary instigator. Water enters the body of natural stones in many ways such as rain, humidity, freezing thawing. However, in addition to the water absorption characteristics of natural stones, capillary water absorption properties are also very effective on degradation. The degree of capillary water absorption directly correlates with the size of pores within natural stones and their interconnectivity. In this study, three different types of ignimbrites were used (referred to as SR, BJ, GK), which are found in the Nevşehir province. Firstly, capillarity properties of samples were determined in water and salty water. Then, the surface coating material was applied to the ignimbrites and capillary water absorption properties were determined again in the same conditions. To determine the material properties of ignimbrites, chemical, mineralogical-petrographic analyses, and physicomechanical experiments were performed. Based on the findings of the research, the capacity of capillary water absorption of SR ignimbrite in water was determined 114.03 g/m2s0.5, in solution with magnesium sulphate as 101 g/m2s0.5 while water GK ignimbrite was determined 87.39 g/m2s0.5, in solution with magnesium sulphate as 84.20 gr/m2s0.5. BJ ignimbrites capillary water absorption potential was determined to be 115.71 gr/m2s0.5 when immersed in water, whereas it measured 112.16 g/m2s0.5 in a solution containing magnesium sulphate. After the application of the surface coating resin on the ignimbrites, the capillary water absorption potential of the SR ignimbrite in water was determined as 6.54 g/m2s0.5, and in the magnesium sulphate solution, it was determined as 0.07 g/m2s0.5. For the BJ ignimbrite, the capillary water absorption potential in water was found to be 0.08 g/m2s0.5, and in the magnesium sulphate solution, it was determined as 1.27 g/m2s0.5. Similarly, for the GK ignimbrite, the capillary water absorption potential in water was measured as 0.08 g/m2s0.5, and in the magnesium sulphate solution, it was determined as 0.79 g/m2s0.5. A significant reduction in capillary water absorption properties was observed in the samples treated with surface coating resin.
The Community Primary Care Champions Fellowship: A Mixed Methods Evaluation of an Interprofessional Fellowship for Physician Assistants and Physicians
Authors: Stryker Shanna D. , Hargraves Daniel , Velasquez Veronica , Gottschlich Melissa , Cafferty Patrick , Vale Darla , Schlaudecker Jeffrey , Pallerla Harini , Rich Megan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Primary care in the US faces challenges with clinician recruitment, retention, and burnout, with further workforce shortages predicted in the next decade. Team-based care can be protective against clinician burnout, and opportunities for interprofessional education (IPE) on professional development and leadership could encourage primary care transformation. Despite an increasingly important role in the primary care workforce, IPE initiatives training physician assistants (PAs) alongside physicians are rare. We describe the design, curriculum, and outcomes from an interprofessional primary care transformation fellowship for community-based primary care physicians and PAs.
Methods: The Community Primary Care Champions (CPCC) Fellowship was a one-year, part-time fellowship which trained nine PAs, fourteen physicians, and a behavioralist with at least two years of post-graduate clinical experience in six content pillars: quality improvement (QI), wellness and burnout, mental health, social determinants of health, medical education, and substance use disorders. The fellowship included a recurring schedule of monthly activities in self-study, lectures, mentoring, and community expert evening discussions. Evaluation of the fellowship included pre, post, and one-year follow-up self-assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in the six content areas, pre- and post- wellness surveys, lecture and discussion evaluations, and midpoint and exit focus groups.
Results: Fellows showed significant improvement in 24 of 28 self-assessment items across all content areas post-fellowship, and in 16 of 18 items one-year post-fellowship. They demonstrated reductions in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization post-fellowship and increased confidence in working in interprofessional teams post-fellowship which persisted on one-year follow-up assessments. Half of the fellows reported new professional leadership roles within two years of matriculation. All fellows completed QI projects and four presented their work at national conferences. Focus group data showed that fellows experienced collaborative, meaningful professional development that was relevant to their clinical work. They appreciated the flexible format and inclusion of interprofessional community experts in evening discussions.
Conclusions: The CPCC fellowship fostered an interprofessional community of practice that provided an effective IPE experience for physicians and PAs. The learning activities, and particularly the community expert discussions, allowed for a flexible, relevant experience resulting in personal and professional growth along with increased confidence working within interprofessional teams.