bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Characterization of Isomeric 2,3,5‐Substituted Tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4‐d]isoxazole‐4,6‐diones Prepared by Cycloaddition of N‐Methyl‐C‐arylnitrones to N‐Phenyl‐ or N‐Methylmaleimide.
Authors: Pihlaja Kalevi , Taehtinen Petri , Shaikhutdinov Roustem , Hartikainen Heli , Ovcharenko Vladimir 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Some 1,4‐Benzoxazino[2,3‐b]phenoxazines Derivatives (IV) as Antibacterial, Muscle Relaxant and Hypnotic Agents
Authors: Ojha K. G. , Mathur S. P. , Mathur A. K. , Chittoria A. S. , Tahiliani H. , Sharma R. K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Role of Hydrophobic Interactions in Catalysis of RNA Cleavage by 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]‐octane Based Artificial Ribonucleases
Authors: Kuznetsova I. , Tuzikov F. , Tuzikova N. , Tamkovich N. , Zenkova M. , Vlassov V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
K10M4M′4S17 (M: Mn, Fe, Co, Zn; M′: Sn, Ge) and Cs10Cd4Sn4S17: Compounds with a Discrete Supertetrahedral Cluster.
Authors: Palchik Oleg , Iyer Ratnasabapathy G. , Canlas Christian G. , Weliky David P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Chiral (S)‐Prolinol‐Derived Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Effect of a Siloxymethyl Group on the Pyrrolidine Backbone.
Authors: Tanaka Youichi , Mino Takashi , Akita Koji , Sakamoto Masami , Fujita Tsutomu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
7‐(Dimethylamino)tricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecene Derivatives from β‐Cyclohexenyl β‐Dimethylamino‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Fischer Carbenes.
Authors: Wu Yao‐Ting , Labahn Thomas , Demeter Attila , Zachariasse Klaas A. , de Meijere Armin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Conversion of Azido Arenes to N‐Arylacetamides and N‐Arylformamides: Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzodiazepine‐2,5‐diones and Fused [2,1‐b]Quinazolinones.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Ramana A. Venkata , Reddy K. Srinivasa , Ramana K. Venkata , Babu A. Hari , Prasad B. Rajendra 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydroarylation of Triarylmethanols and Their Coupling with Unsaturated Compounds Accompanied by C—C Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Terao Yoshito , Nomoto Michiyo , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro , Nomura Masakatsu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Transformation of Methoxy Tetralones During Demethylation with Boron Trifluoride Etherate and Acetic Anhydride.
Authors: Banerjee Ajoy K. , Bedoya Liadis , Vera William J. , Melean Carlos , Mora Henry , Laya Manuel S. , Alonso Miguel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Indazole‐N‐oxides via the 1,7‐Electrocyclization of Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Nyerges Miklos , Viranyi Andrea , Zhang Weimin , Groundwater Paul W. , Blasko Gabor , Toeke Laszlo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,6‐Trisubstituted Tetrahydropyran‐4‐ones via Prins Cyclizations of Enecarbamates: A Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Ratjadone A.
Authors: Cossey Kimberly N. , Funk Raymond L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nitrogen Heterocycles from Trimethylbenzenes.
Authors: Shklyaev Yu. V. , Ismagilov R. R. , Rozhkova Yu. S. , Fatykhov A. A. , Abdrakhmanov I. B. , Tolstikov A. G. , Dembitsky V. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel L‐Proline Catalyzed Biginelli Reaction: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Kumar S. Praveen , Kondaji G. , Rao R. Srinivasa , Nagaiah K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Functionalized 1‐Substituted Alkenylsilanols and Establishment of Conditions for Their Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions to Afford 1‐Substituted Styrene Derivatives.
Authors: Ghosh Sunil K. , Singh Rekha , Singh Gobind C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Receipt of colorectal testing prior to colorectal carcinoma diagnosis
Authors: Cooper Gregory S. , Payes Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmong patients with established colorectal carcinoma, the prior use of procedures for colorectal carcinoma screening is unknown. In addition, the association of disease stage at the time of diagnosis with previous procedure use has not been studied previously at a population level.METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results tumor registry files identified 5806 patients age ≥ 70 years with an initial colorectal carcinoma diagnosis in 1999. Medicare claims data from 1995 through diagnosis were extracted and identified receipt of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium enema. Time intervals were divided into > 6 months prior to diagnosis and ≤ 6 months of diagnosis as probable screening versus diagnostic indications, respectively.RESULTSThe most commonly performed procedure was colonoscopy (63%), but most colonoscopic examinations were within 6 months of diagnosis. Only 44% of patients received ≥ 1 procedures > 6 months before diagnosis, with FOBT the most frequent procedure (36%). Colonoscopy was performed in only 6% of patients prior to the 6‐month peridiagnostic period. Compared with patients who underwent no procedures or who underwent procedures only within 6 months of diagnosis, those who underwent procedures > 6 months earlier presented with earlier stages of carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSThe receipt of colorectal procedures in the interval > 6 months prior to a diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma was low, suggesting the under use of screening in this population. The association of procedure use with earlier stage at presentation as well as unmeasured benefits in reducing carcinoma incidence suggest beneficial effects of this testing. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Effect of cytokine genotypes on the hepatitis B virus‐hepatocellular carcinoma association
Authors: Nieters Alexandra , Yuan Jian‐Min , Sun Can‐Lan , Zhang Zhen‐Quan , Stoehlmacher Jan , Govindarajan Sugantha , Yu Mimi C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Southern Guangxi, China, chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) acquired during the perinatal period from carrier mothers is a primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, only a minority of HBV carriers eventually develop hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors hypothesized that cytokine genotypes may be important codeterminants of the risk of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODSThe authors examined the correlation between polymorphisms in T‐helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine genes among a group of 250 patients with incident hepatocellular carcinoma (cases) and a group of 250 hospital controls who were matched individually to the index case by age, gender, ethnicity, residence, and month of hospital admission in the city of Nanning, Guangxi, China.RESULTSRelative to the putative high‐activity genotypes, each individual low‐activity genotype of interferon γ, interleukin 12 (IL12), and IL18 was associated with a statistically nonsignificant increase (40–60%) in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. This risk increased with increasing numbers of low‐activity Th1 genotypes after adjusting for potential confounders (2‐sided P value for trend = 0.04). Conversely, individual Th2 (IL4, IL10) low‐activity genotypes were associated with a statistically nonsignificant reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. This risk decreased with increasing number of low‐activity Th2 genotypes after adjusting for potential confounders (2‐sided P value for trend = 0.01). Individuals who had the maximum number (i.e., 3) of low‐activity Th1 genes and the minimum number (i.e., 0) of low‐activity Th2 genes showed a relative risk of 20.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.7–235.0).CONCLUSIONSDiminished cell‐mediated immune response, which is controlled genetically, appeared to be an important risk determinant of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Stereochemistry of the [2+2] Cycloaddition of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate to Chiral Alkoxyallenes Derived from 1,3‐Alkylidene‐L‐erythritol and ‐D‐threitol
Authors: Danh Tong Thanh , Bocian Wojciech , Kozerski Lech , Szczukiewicz Patrycja , Frelek Jadwiga , Chmielewski Marek 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe [2+2] cycloaddition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to alkoxyallenes derived from ethylidene and benzylidene erythritols and threitols proceeds with a moderate asymmetric induction in the case of the erythritols and with a very low induction in the case of threitols. This indicates that the erythritol derivatives may exist in solution in one predominant conformation while the threitol derivatives behave as a conformational ensemble. The conformations of alkoxyallenes were studied with variety of NMR techniques as well as using ab initio calculations. The results thus obtained were in a full agreement with our predictions based on the stereoselectivity of cycloaddition. The azetidinones obtained by the cycloaddition were subjected to intramolecular alkylation at the nitrogen atom to provide the corresponding tricyclic cephams. The absolute configurations of the resultant azetidinones and cephams were assigned using NMR and CD spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Microwave Activation of Electrochemical Processes at Glassy Carbon and Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Sur Ujjal Kumar , Marken Frank , Seager Robert , Foord John S. , Chatterjee Arnab , Coles Barry A. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVoltammetric experiments under intense microwave field conditions have been carried out at a carbon microfiber electrode, an array of carbon microfiber electrodes, and at a boron‐doped diamond electrode. For the reversible one electron redox systems Fe(CN)$\rm{ {_{6}^{3-/4-}}}$ and Ru(NH3)$\rm{ {_{6}^{3+/2+}}}$ in aqueous KCl solution increased currents (up to 16 fold at a 33 μm diameter carbon microelectrode) and superheating (up to ca. 400 K at all types of electrodes) are observed. Electrodes with smaller diameter allow better signal enhancements to be achieved. From the missing effect of the supporting electrolyte concentration on the microwave enhanced currents, it can be concluded that effects observed at carbon electrodes (microwave absorbers) are due to the interaction of microwaves with the electrode material whereas for metal electrodes (microwave conductors) effects are dominated by the interaction of the microwaves with the aqueous dielectric. Short heat pulses can be applied by pulsing the microwave field and relatively fast temperature transients are observed for small electrodes. For the irreversible two electron oxidation of L‐dopa in aqueous phosphate buffer, different types of effects are observed at glassy carbon and at boron‐doped diamond. Arrays of carbon microfibers give the most reproducible and analytically useful current signal enhancements in the presence of microwaves.
Seed Mediated Growth of Gold Nanoparticles on Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes: Electrochemical Characterization and Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Jingdong , Kambayashi Miyako , Oyama Munetaka 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe seed mediated growth of gold nanoparticles on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces is described, which provided a new method for the construction of gold nanoparticles‐modified ITO electrodes even without using conventional linker molecules, such as (3‐mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). In this process, ultra‐small gold seeds were formed and anchored on the ITO surfaces first. When the seeds‐deposited ITO surfaces came into contact with the gold growth solution, the growth of gold nanoparticles occurred. The morphology of the as‐prepared modified surface was found to be strongly dependent upon the substrate. On an MPTMS‐silanized ITO, mostly gold nanospheres were formed (Au/MPTMS/ITO).In contrast, on a bare ITO, some high aspect ratio gold nanorods as well as large amounts of gold nanospheres were grown and directly attached (Au/ITO). The as‐prepared two gold nanoparticles‐modified ITO electrodes exhibited different electrochemical characteristics, attributed to the influence of MPTMS molecules. Compared with Au/MPTMS/ITO, the Au/ITO was more efficient in decreasing the heterogeneous charge transfer resistance and improving the reaction reversibility of [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− and exhibited more attractive bioelectrocatalytic properties. Due to the block effect of the thiol monolayer, Au/MPTMS/ITO depressed the selectivity for the determination of epinephrine (EP) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) while Au/ITO could improve the detection sensitivity and retain the selectivity.
Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Detection of Daunomycin at a Bismuth Bulk Electrode
Authors: Bučková Miriam , Gründler Peter , Flechsig Gerd‐Uwe 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe bismuth electrode exhibits similar electrochemical properties as most commonly used toxic mercury electrode and represents a suitable, reliable and also environmentally friendly tool for the detection of electroactive compounds at negative potentials. A wide operational potential window of the bismuth electrode from −200 mV to −1400 mV (vs. SCE) was found. Bismuth bulk electrodes (BiBE) are very convenient for sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) determination of the drug daunomycin in the nmol/L concentration range. In comparison with gold electrodes, the voltammetric signals of daunomycin at the bismuth electrode are higher and very well shaped. An accumulation potential of −0.65 V (vs. SCE) and accumulation time from 2 to 10 min were found to be optimal conditions for the preconcentration of daunomycin on the bismuth electrode surface. The adsorptive stripping response is linear over 100–1000 nmol/L concentration range (for 2 min deposition) and over 10–100 nmol/L concentration range (for 5 min deposition) with a detection limit of 5 nmol/L (for 8 min deposition). Repeatability was characterized by relative standard deviation 7.1% (for 10 measurements). The electrode must be regenerated between two consecutive measurements by polishing on a damp paper or by stirring in 96% ethanol for 5 min.
Micro‐Imprinting of Oligonucleotides and Oligonucleotide Gradients on Gold Surfaces: A New Approach Based on the Combination of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SECM/ SPR‐i)
Authors: Fortin Elodie , Defontaine Yann , Mailley Pascal , Livache Thierry , Szunerits Sabine 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new strategy for the formation of DNA patterns on thin gold surfaces together with DNA hybridization is described. The formation and characterization of the oligonucleotide array is based on a combination of an electrochemical and an optical technique: scanning electrochemical microscopy and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SECM/SPR‐i). The DNA array is formed through electropolymerization of a mixture of pyrrole and pyrrole bearing covalently linked oligonucleotides probes using SECM. SPR‐i as well as fluorescence imaging are used to quantify DNA hybridization on these multi‐parametric interfaces. The capability of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to pattern gold surfaces with density gradients of oligonucleotides attached to the gold surfaces is further demonstrated. These density gradients result from the progressive increase in the movement of the x‐axis while applying continuous potential pulses to the gold surface. Surface plasmon resonance imaging is used to detect the deposition step, while fluorescence imaging is employed to visualize the deposited oligonucleotide density gradient.
New perspectives on Holocene landscape development in the southern English chalklands: The upper Allen valley, Cranborne Chase, Dorset
Authors: French C. , Lewis H. , Scaife R. , Allen M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA combination of on‐ and off‐site paleoenvironmental and archaeological investigations of the upper Allen valley of Dorset, conducted from 1998–2002, has begun to indicate a different model of prehistoric landscape development to those previously put forward for this part of the southern English chalk downlands. Woodland growth in the earlier Holocene appears to have been slower and patchier than the presumed model of full climax deciduous woodland rapidly attained in a warming environment. With open areas still strongly present in the Mesolithic, the area witnessed its first exploitation, thus slowing and altering soil development. Consequently, many areas perhaps never developed thick, well‐structured, brown forest earths, but more probably thin brown earths. By the later Neolithic period, these soils had become thin rendzinas, largely as a consequence of human exploitation and the predominance of pastoral land use. The early presence of thinner and less well‐developed soils over large areas of downland removes the necessity for envisaging extensive soil erosion and the accumulation of thick colluvial and alluvial deposits in the dry valleys and valley floor as often postulated. If there were major changes in the vegetation and soil complexes in this area of chalk downland, these had already occurred by the Neolithic rather than the Bronze Age as often suggested, and the area has remained relatively stable ever since. This has major implications for models of prehistoric land use in the southern chalkland region, such as a much greater degree of stability in prehistoric and historic times, variability within sub‐regions, and differences between different parts of the chalk downlands than had previously been envisaged. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human impact, land‐use history, and the surface archaeological record: A case study from Greece
Authors: Bintliff John 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPerhaps the most informative approach currently being applied in the Mediterranean to investigate regional settlement and land‐use histories is that of surface archaeological survey. Yet, the well‐known Holocene record of surface erosion and deposition in the region and an almost unparalleled timespan of sequent human occupance creates taphonomic problems in interpreting the surface archaeology. This paper will use case studies to illustrate the fruitful interaction of Holocene geoarchaeology and field survey in seeking to unravel these difficulties. ©2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soil erosion and valley fills in the Yemen highlands and southern Turkey: Integrating settlement, geoarchaeology, and climate change
Authors: Wilkinson T. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractGeoarchaeological studies of valley‐fill sequences frequently do not employ the full range of human activities to explain the causes of deposition. This paper shows how records of environmental change from ocean cores and relict lakes can be integrated with geoarchaeological sequences from land and the record of long‐term settlement and land use to provide a composite record of human–environmental interactions. On the high plains of Yemen, lakes and paleosols suggest that the ratio of precipitation to evaporation was higher between 12,000 and 7400 cal yr B.P. Atmospheric conditions then became drier from about 6000 cal yr B.P., after which time population increased and there was more evidence for human‐induced erosion. Therefore, during the late Holocene (i.e., approximately the last 4000 years), human settlement increased in the face of a somewhat drier climate. It is evident that settlement in the northern Fertile Crescent also increased in the face of a drier late Holocene climate. It is argued that many of the distinctive valley fills that are evident in both the northern Fertile Crescent and southern Arabia result from the combined effect of both increase of settlement together with some degree of climatic drying. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling landscapes and past vegetation patterns of New Mexico's Rio del Oso Valley
Authors: Periman Richard D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHumans have interacted with the landscape and ecosystem of New Mexico's Rio del Oso Valley for thousands of years. Throughout the Holocene, various cultures have dramatically affected and altered the Rio del Oso. An interdisciplinary research approach, incorporating geomorphology, paleobotany, archaeology, and history, provides a broad range of methodologies and data sets of past landscape dynamics. Integrating such data sets in three‐dimensional Geographical Information Systems (GIS) models of past vegetation and landscape conditions may enable a view of anthropogenic ecosystem change. Analyses of past land use through landscape models, geoarchaeology, and other methods can provide a greater understanding for current and future ecosystem management. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*
Philinopside a, a novel marine‐derived compound possessing dual anti‐angiogenic and anti‐tumor effects
Authors: Tong Yunguang , Zhang Xiongwen , Tian Fang , Yi Yanghua , Xu Qiangzhi , Li Ling , Tong Linjiang , Lin Liping , Ding Jian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPhilinopside A is a novel sulfated saponin isolated from the sea cucumber, Pentacta quadrangulari. The effects of philinopside A on angiogenesis and tumor growth were assessed in a series of models in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that philinopside A significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) in a dose‐dependent manner, with average IC50 values of 1.4 ± 0.17, 0.89 ± 0.23 and 0.98 ± 0.19 μM, respectively. Rat aortas culture assay provides a close imitation of in vivo angiogenesis process and 2–10 μM philinopside A suppressed the formation of new microvessels in cultured rat aortas. Philinopside A 2–10 nmol/egg obviously inhibited angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. In addition, philinopside A manifested strong anti‐tumor activities both in vitro and in vivo. Through immunofluorescent analysis, we found the compound reduced mouse sarcoma 180 tumor volume by inducing apoptosis of tumor and tumor‐associated endothelial cells. An examination of the effects of philinopside A on the angiogenesis‐related receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) showed that philinopside A broadly inhibited all tested RTKs, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor‐1, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor‐β and epithelial growth factor (EGF) receptor, with IC50 values ranging from 2.6–4.9 μM. These results suggest that philinopside A is a promising anti‐cancer agent that possesses dual cytotoxic and anti‐angiogenic effects that were at least partly due to its inhibitory effects on RTKs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.