bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current practices in MRI screening in early onset scoliosis
Authors: Li Austin W. , Chang Alexander , Murphy Joshua S. , Li Ying , Roye Benjamin , Hardesty Christina K. , Glotzbecker Michael P. ,   The Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Early onset scoliosis (EOS) has traditionally been an indication for MRI because of its association with neural axis abnormalities (NAAs). Because these abnormalities are often clinically silent and concerns regarding sedation in young children are growing, routine MRI for EOS is debated. This study investigates the current practices of EOS MRI screening among surgeons in the Pediatric Spine Study Group (PSSG).

Methods
A survey assessing EOS MRI practices was distributed to the PSSG. The survey presented scenarios that varied in age, curve size, and diagnosis and asked which scenarios would indicate an MRI. Respondents also ranked age, curve progression, etiology, and need for sedation by level of importance when considering to order MRI.

Results
Age and curve progression were ranked as the most important factors when deciding to order MRI. For all non-congenital scoliosis, increased age and curve size were associated with increased rates of MRI among respondents. For idiopathic EOS, more than 60% of respondents would order MRI for patients with curve magnitudes of 45° regardless of age. All respondents would order MRI for congenital EOS before surgery and for EOS caused by neurofibromatosis. For EOS secondary to cerebral palsy, 61% of respondents would order an MRI, and 34% believe that EOS and Prader–Willi syndrome require MRI.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the MRI screening practices for EOS vary greatly between physicians, as expected. Future research on the prevalence of NAAs in EOS and the clinical outcomes of routine MRI is needed to inform which MRI practices should be standard.
Machine learning-driven prediction of biochar adsorption capacity for effective removal of Congo red dye
Authors: Yadav Shubham , Rajput Priyanshu , Balasubramanian Paramasivan , Liu Chong , Li Fayong , Zhang Pengyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Congo red, a widely utilized dye in the textile industry, presents a significant threat to living organisms due to its carcinogenic properties and non-biodegradable nature. This study proposes a data-driven machine-learning approach to optimize biochar characteristics and environmental conditions to maximize the adsorption capacity of biochar for the removal of Congo red dye. Therefore, six machine learning models were trained and tested on a dataset containing eleven input parameters (related to biochar properties and environmental conditions) and adsorption capacity. The models were evaluated using performance metrics such as R-squared (R
2), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). With the highest R
2 (0.9785) and lowest RMSE (0.1357), Random Forest Regression (RF) outperformed other machine learning models. DT and XGB also performed well, achieving slightly lower R
2 values of 0.9741 and 0.9577, respectively. The LR model performed the worst, with the lowest R
2 (0.4575) and the highest RMSE (0.6821). Moreover, the reliability of these models was validated using a 10-fold cross-validation method. RF once again performed the best with an R
2 value of 0.9762. Feature analysis revealed that the initial dye concentration relative to biochar dosage (C

0
), specific surface area (BET), and pore volume (PV) are the most significant factors affecting the dye adsorption capacity of biochar, while parameters such as carbon content (C), the oxygen and nitrogen to carbon molar ratio [(O + N)/C], and pore diameter (D) had minimal impact. This research demonstrates that machine learning models can accurately predict biochar’s contaminant adsorption capacity, enhancing wastewater treatment and promoting efficient, cost-effective environmental management.

Graphical Abstract
Metaphysical ecumenicalism and Moore’s proof
Authors: Ranalli Chris , Walker Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
You have hands, but does it follow that there’s an external material world? Moore thought so. However, we argue that this is a mistake. We defend the Ecumenical View, on which ordinary object terms like “hands” are metaphysically ecumenical, akin to the way that terms like “table” are physically ecumenical: just as there are wooden, metal, or plastic tables, so too there can be material, virtual, or immaterial hands. Moore’s position, however, is metaphysically sectarian: the semantics of “hands” requires a materialist metaphysics. Moore’s proof fails not because it displays bad epistemology but because of its problematic commitment to sectarian metaphysics. We conclude with some explorative thoughts on how the Ecumenical View bears on common sense epistemology and a possible equivocation in our understanding of the premises of Moore’s argument.
Luck and normative achievements: Let not safety be our guide
Authors: Guindon Bruno 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is a well-worn platitude that knowledge excludes luck. According to anti-luck virtue epistemology, making good on the anti-luck platitude requires an explicit anti-luck condition along the lines of safety: S knows that p only if S’s true belief that p could not have easily been mistaken. This paper offers an independent, virtue epistemological argument against the claim that safety is a necessary condition of knowledge, one that adequately captures the anti-luck platitude. The argument proceeds by way of analogy. I focus on two paradigmatic kinds of normative achievements that also exclude luck: (i) – having a doxastically justified belief and (ii) – performing a morally worthy action. I then show that while (i) and (ii) exclude luck, they are nevertheless susceptible to what I call “modal luck.” I then move on to show that knowledge, or at least some instance of knowledge, is a normative achievement, which I claim provides strong reasons to expect that knowledge is also susceptible to modal luck. Since safety entails that knowledge is incompatible with modal luck, the argument provides strong reasons to reject safety as a necessary condition of knowledge.
Political liberalism’s skeptical problem and the burden of total experience
Authors: Althorpe Caleb 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many accounts of political liberalism contend that reasonable citizens ought to refrain from invoking their disputed comprehensive beliefs in public deliberation about constitutional essentials. Critics maintain that this ‘refraining condition’ puts pressure on citizens to entertain skepticism about their own basic beliefs, and that accounts of political liberalism committed to it are resultantly committed to a position – skepticism about conceptions of the good – that is itself subject to reasonable disagreement. Discussions in the epistemology of disagreement have tended to reinforce this critique, which has come to be known as political liberalism’s skeptical problem. This paper responds to the skeptical problem by providing a novel rationale for the refraining condition, which I call the burden of total experience. Such a burden emphasizes that full communication on the basis of individual belief is not always possible, even between epistemic peers. Accepting the burden of total experience allows individuals to recognize the reasonableness of the refraining condition in a way that stops the slide to skepticism, all while avoiding, or so I argue, relying on a problematically controversial explainer for disagreement.
How big is a tiling’s return module?
Authors: PERRYMAN ABIGAIL , SADUN LORENZO 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rank of a tiling’s return module depends on the geometry of its tiles and is not a topological invariant. However, the rank of the first Čech cohomology

$\check H^1(\Omega )$

gives upper and lower bounds for the rank of the return module. For all sufficiently large patches, the rank of the return module is at most the rank of

$\check H^1(\Omega )$

. For a generic choice of tile shapes and an arbitrary reference patch, the rank of the return module is at least the rank of

$\check H^1(\Omega )$

. Therefore, for generic tile shapes and all sufficiently large patches, the rank of the return module is equal to the rank of

$\check H^1(\Omega )$

.
Hölder continuity of measures for heavy tail potentials
Authors: IOMMI GODOFREDO , TERHESIU DALIA , TODD MIKE 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For a class of potentials

$\psi $

satisfying a condition depending on the roof function of a suspension (semi)flow, we show an EKP inequality, which can be interpreted as a Hölder continuity property in the weak

${^*}$

norm of measures, with respect to the pressure of those measures, where the Hölder exponent depends on the

$L^q$

-space to which

$\psi $

belongs. This also captures a new type of phase transition for intermittent (semi)flows (and maps).
Unsettling the Reflections in a Pond: The Educational Thought of José Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Tate Nicholas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spain’s greatest modern philosopher, José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955), wrote about many aspects of education including its aims; the education of children, nations, and elites; types of pedagogy; the reform of the university; and the challenges facing educators in an era of “triumphant plebeianism.” The article examines all aspects of Ortega’s educational thought, with a particular focus on his ideas about elites and their education, drawing on writings unavailable in English, including texts not published during his lifetime. At the heart of his writing is a vision of the qualities needed to enable individuals to make what he called a “project” out of their lives along with a powerful advocacy of the non-utilitarian and Socratic pedagogies that would help achieve that vision. The article looks at the balance of radical and conservative elements within Ortega’s educational thought and its relation to earlier “progressive” thinkers, and concludes with an evaluation of his legacy.
Women, Peace, and Security: Posthuman Feminisms and Oceanic Encounters
Authors: Heathcote Gina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the United Nations Security Council resolutions on women, peace and security (WPS) and argues for an expansion of existing agendas to incorporate security away from the repetition of militarized security, extractive capital, and Western humanism through attention to maritime security. Drawing on posthuman feminisms, critical ocean studies, and decolonial and queer feminist engagements with the ocean, I propose the identification of the ocean as a legal subject to enact an unmooring of the ways in which gendered security is currently thought about, realized, and deployed in legal spaces. The liberal feminist preoccupation with including women and creating gender parity, the radical feminist legal agenda for addressing sexual violence, and the cultural feminist legal reforms that center women’s differences are challenged as reasserting and reifying the status quo of law and legal arrangements. Feminist maritime security, posthuman, with the ocean as subject, contributes ways to think and know law in new registers and addresses the legacy of humanist exclusions of both human and nonhuman subjects. Furthermore, oceanic subjectivity invites reflection on the necessity of terraqueous thinking for planetary survival.
The Nation or The Leader? Exploring the Effect of Framing in News Coverage of International Conflicts
Authors: Wang Shu , Li Xilin , Huang Chengyue , Hsee Christopher K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research explores a phenomenon that we see nearly every day and has implications for how we view people in other nations: Different media outlets may report the same international events either in terms of the nation (e.g., “Russia invades Ukraine”) or in terms of the leader (e.g., “Putin invades Ukraine”). Five studies, conducted during the 2022 Russia-Ukraine Conflict and involving both field and experimental data, find that readers of nation-framed news about the conflict had worse impressions of the people in the associated nation (Russians) than readers of the corresponding leader-framed version. We explain the psychology behind this framing effect and identify its moderators. Our research underscores the importance of responsible media practices in shaping global perceptions.
An Italian among the Chinese elite, a Chinese library among Lucanian mountains: Ludovico Luigi Nicola di Giura (1868–1947) and his personal library
Authors: Wang Jinxiao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ludovico Luigi Nicola di Giura (1868–1947) was an Italian doctor who lived in Beijing from 1900 to 1931. In addition to his medical practice, di Giura actively engaged with the local elite, developed a profound interest in Chinese literature, and contributed to introducing Chinese reality and culture into Italy through journalistic, literary, and translation works. Upon his return to Italy, he constructed a ‘Chinese library’ at his family estate in Chiaromonte, located in the Basilicata region. This article adopts the ‘Heraclitean approach’ proposed by Weingarten (2022) to examine di Giura's personal library, analysing the evolution of both individual and communal cultural longings reflected by his collection and marginalia within the books spanning different periods. Drawing upon the primary sources recently discovered and catalogued from the library, along with archival and bibliographical materials from both Italian and Chinese sources, the paper not only aims to reveal di Giura's intellectual profile, but also aims to utilise his individual experiences as a lens for observing the social and cultural life of Italians in China during the early twentieth century.
The Forgotten Resistance of the Sinti and Roma
Authors: Nencioni Chiara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The role that Roma communities played in the Resistance during the Second World War is a little-known part of history, especially in Italy. Through consideration of their involvement, we can highlight the complexity of the Resistance, and recognise Roma communities as an integral part of Italian society. Roma involvement in the Resistance had distinctive characteristics compared to that of the gagi (non-Roma), particularly in how they viewed it not only as a fight against fascism, but also it as a means of honouring the mulé (the dead). However, only a handful of Roma partisans are recorded in the Ricompart archive, which contains documentation relating to those who participated in Resistance activities. To trace history, personal testimony, in addition to secondary historiography, is key. Roma communities share a rich oral tradition, which forms the basis of a significant part of this article, and which offers an account of civil resistance and armed action both within partisan groups and as part of small formations based on ethnicity. This piece examines the reasons why the Roma partisans who fought and died in the Resistance did not receive full public recognition, a form of historical amnesia of the postwar period rooted in the absence of a cultural ‘defascistisation’ whereby fascist-style racism permeated the Republic.
TWISTED RUELLE ZETA FUNCTION ON HYPERBOLIC MANIFOLDS AND COMPLEX-VALUED ANALYTIC TORSION
Authors: Spilioti Polyxeni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we study the twisted Ruelle zeta function associated with the geodesic flow of a compact, hyperbolic, odd-dimensional manifold X. The twisted Ruelle zeta function is associated with an acyclic representation

$\chi \colon \pi _{1}(X) \rightarrow \operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_{n}(\mathbb {C})$

, which is close enough to an acyclic, unitary representation. In this case, the twisted Ruelle zeta function is regular at zero and equals the square of the refined analytic torsion, as it is introduced by Braverman and Kappeler in [6], multiplied by an exponential, which involves the eta invariant of the even part of the odd-signature operator, associated with

$\chi $

.
Attribution and Risk Projections of Hydrological Drought Over Water‐Scarce Central Asia
Authors: Wu Xinfeng , Tang Wenhui , Chen Feng , Wang Shijie , Bakhtiyorov Zulfiyor , Liu Yuxin , Guan Yansong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCentral Asia (CA), a typical arid and semiarid region, has experienced worsening droughts, adversely impacting agricultural production and socioeconomic development. However, the evolution of hydrological droughts in CA remains unclear. Here, we used instrumental streamflow and reanalysis to demonstrate a decline in surface runoff in CA since the 1990s, with 44.6% and 33.2% of the area dominated by reductions in snowmelt and precipitation, respectively. We found that global warming contributes to the long‐term decrease in surface runoff, while short‐term fluctuations in surface runoff are caused by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, such as southern CA drying induced by decreasing precipitation during La Niña. We project the future hydrological drought characteristics based on state‐of‐the‐art global hydrological simulations and found increasing duration and severity of hydrological droughts in CA, especially in the Amu Darya basin, and the Caspian Sea East Coast basin. These increasing droughts are exacerbated by higher anthropogenic emissions, posing high‐level risks to 39.01% of land area and 35.9% of human population under an extremely high emissions scenario. These findings highlight the need for improved water conservation technologies and concerted development strategies should be considered by national policy makers in this water‐scarce and climatically sensitive region.
Repacking Accelerates High‐Silica Melts Extraction: Insights From Microstructural Record and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Chen Hou‐Bin , Liu Boda , Ji Wei‐Qiang , Zhang Shao‐Hua , Zhao Kai , Wu Fu‐Yuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRepacking enhances crystal mush permeability, accelerating melt extraction. However, identifying microstructural records of repacking is challenging, creating a gap in quantifying its effect on magmatic reservoirs. We identified extracted melt (rhyolite) and silicic residue (quartz monzonite) through textures and geochemical characteristics in the Pangduo Basin (Southern Tibet; ∼50 Ma old). By calculating interstitial mineral proportions and modeling incompatible element concentrations in quartz monzonite, we estimate a moderate trapped melt fraction (∼50 vol. %), providing microtextural evidence of repacking at intermediate crystallinities. We interpret that the horizontal preferred orientation of frame‐forming feldspars produces micro‐scale melt channels that accelerate melt extraction. Modeling the intensity of this orientation, we estimated compressive strain to be 20%–30%, likely accelerating melt extraction by at least 15 times. This millennium timescale allows for the growth of a large magma chamber, preventing the melt from freezing or causing multiple small eruptions due to excessive flow‐induced stress.
Global Hybrid Simulation of Dayside Magnetopause Energy Transport Under Purely Southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Yi Yongyuan , Zhou Meng , Lin Yu , Pang Ye , Jin Runqing , Song Liangjin , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, dayside magnetopause energy transport (energy transport across the separatrix surface to the magnetopause boundary layer and energy transport inside the magnetopause boundary layer) and its dependence on the magnetopause dynamic evolution under purely southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions are studied via a 3‐D global hybrid simulation. By investigating the energy transport across the separatrix surface, current layer surface, and magnetopause surface, we find that the energy transport from the magnetosheath to the magnetopause boundary layer is mainly in the form of electromagnetic energy, while the energy transport directly across the magnetopause surface to the magnetosphere is mainly in the form of plasma energy. The energy transport across the magnetopause surface exhibits temporal variability, driven by the dynamic evolution of reconnection and flux rope. During the development of multiple X‐lines reconnection and flux rope, a substantial portion of solar wind energy does not directly penetrate the dayside magnetopause to the magnetosphere. Instead, it is transported with the reconnection outflow and flux rope from low latitude to high latitude, and with the drifting flow from the subsolar region to the tail magnetopause within the magnetopause current layer. These results significantly improve our understanding of solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling at the dayside magnetopause.
Basement Controls on Structural Evolution in Thin‐Skinned Thrust Belts—Implications for Migration of Deformation Into Orogenic Forelands
Authors: Butler Robert W. H. , Bond Clare E. , Robledo Francisca 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFold and thrust belts on the outer fringes of contractional mountain belts are classically interpreted as forming in sedimentary rocks that have detached from the underlying continental crust that acts as a rigid, undeformed basement. This is “thin‐skinned tectonics” and the Jura fold and thrust belt of northern Switzerland is an archetype. We analyze published cross‐sections and interpret new high resolution seismic imagery, to show that it is not simply thin‐skinned. Faults in the underlying basement coincide with folds and thrusts in the overlying cover. We argue that, by off‐setting the basal evaporite detachment, the basement faults form steps that nucleate structures in the otherwise thin‐skinned thrust belt. However, the basement faults are not simply inherited structures, as previously thought, but were locally activated during thrusting. Impacting the evolutionary sequence of these thrusts in the cover. In 3D, the folds that nucleate on basement steps can propagate laterally into areas where basement faulting is only weakly developed. It is the availability of exceptional seismic imagery that permits these deductions. Most other fold and thrust belts worldwide do not have this image quality and interpretations can rely on single profiles. Therefore, the role of basement faults may have gone un‐noticed.
Deoxygenative photochemical alkylation of secondary amides enables a streamlined synthesis of substituted amines
Authors: Pulcinella Antonio , Bonciolini Stefano , Stuhr Robin , Diprima Damiano , Tran Minh Thao , Johansson Magnus , von Wangelin Axel Jacobi , Noël Timothy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Secondary amines are vital functional groups in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products, necessitating efficient synthetic methods. Traditional approaches, including N-monoalkylation and reductive amination, suffer from limitations such as poor chemoselectivity and complexity. Herein, we present a streamlined deoxygenative photochemical alkylation of secondary amides, enabling the efficient synthesis of α-branched secondary amines. Our method leverages triflic anhydride-mediated semi-reduction of amides to imines, followed by a photochemical radical alkylation step. This approach broadens the synthetic utility of amides, facilitating late-stage modifications of drug-like molecules and the synthesis of saturated N-substituted heterocycles. The pivotal role of flow technology in developing a scalable and robust process underscores the practicality of this method, significantly expanding the organic chemist’s toolbox for complex amine synthesis.