bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the aging vasculature and Erb B‐2 signaling in epidermal growth factor‐dependent intravasion of breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Price Daniel J. , Avraham Shalom , Jiang Shuxian , Fu Yigong , Avraham Hava Karsenty 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe risks for developing breast carcinoma and dying from the disease increase with age. Mortality from breast carcinoma usually is due to metastatic disease. Metastatic cells are able to invade into the vascular tissue in a growth factor‐dependent manner. Because breast carcinoma mortality increases with age, examination of breast carcinoma interactions with young and aged endothelial cells is essential.METHODSWe studied a series of breast epithelial cells (HMT‐3522 cells) that exhibited either noninvasive characteristics (S‐1 cells) or epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐dependent invasive characteristics (T4‐2 cells).RESULTSIncreased invasion of HMT‐3522 cells was observed across an aged rat brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) monolayer that was isolated from aged rats (24 months) compared with young rats (age 1 month). This increased invasion was inhibited by the specific EGF receptor inhibitor, AG1478, and by the Erb B‐2‐specific inhibitor, AG825. To analyze further the contribution of Erb B‐2 to the EGF‐dependent invasion of HMT‐3522 cells, T4‐2 cells were treated with the Erb B‐2‐specific therapeutic antibody trastuzumab and with the specific inhibitor AG825 and were then assayed for invasion. Both inhibitors led to a significant decrease in EGF‐dependent invasion. Erb B‐2 expression was found to be elevated in T4‐2 cells (≈ 5‐fold higher) compared with S‐1 cells. However, treatment of T4‐2 cells with the specific Erb B‐2 inhibitor, AG825, failed to inhibit EGF‐mediated signaling to phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase or extracellular‐regulated kinases 1 and 2.CONCLUSIONSThe current study findings indicate that aging of endothelium may contribute to the invasive phenotype of breast carcinoma cells and that “cross‐talk” between Erb B‐2 and EGF receptor is required for the intravasion of these cells into the surrounding vasculature. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Do central terminals of intact myelinated primary afferents sprout into the superficial dorsal horn of rat spinal cord after injury to a neighboring peripheral nerve?
Authors: Shehab Safa Aldeen S. , Spike Rosemary C. , Todd Andrew J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn order to investigate whether normal myelinated primary afferent axons sprout into the territories of adjacent injured peripheral nerve fibers in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord, adult rats underwent either sectioning of the saphenous or femoral nerves on one side, or else unilateral denervation of the skin of the posterior thigh. Two weeks later cholera toxin B subunit (CTb), which is normally transported selectively by myelinated somatic primary afferents, was injected into the ipsilateral (intact) sciatic nerve. The relationship between CTb, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and binding of Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4) was then examined in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the second to fifth lumbar spinal segments (L2–L5). Sectioning of the femoral or saphenous nerves resulted in a reduction of IB4 binding in laminae I–II in the medial third of the dorsal horn of L2, L3, and the upper part of L4. VIP‐immunoreactivity was upregulated in exactly the same regions in which IB4‐binding was reduced. These correspond to the areas that were previously innervated by unmyelinated afferents in the sectioned nerves. CTb‐labeling was detected in regions known to receive input from myelinated sciatic afferents: lamina I and a band extending from the inner part of lamina II (IIi) to lamina V in the L3–5 segments, and the deepest part of the dorsal horn in L2. Importantly, no CTb‐labeling was detected in the outer part of lamina II (IIo) in the denervated areas. Sectioning of branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh resulted in a reduction of IB4‐binding and upregulation of VIP‐immunoreactivity in the lateral part of the superficial dorsal horn of caudal L4 and L5. Again, CTb‐immunoreactivity showed the normal sciatic pattern in L4–L5, with no labeling detected in lamina IIo in the denervated region. These results do not support the suggestion that the central terminals of intact myelinated afferents sprout into regions of lamina II occupied by adjacent nerves that have been axotomized peripherally. J. Comp. Neurol. 474:427–437, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A critical review of the development of the CIE1931 RGB color‐matching functions
Authors: Broadbent Arthur D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis article describes the development of the CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates and color‐matching functions starting from the initial experimental data of W. D. Wright and J. Guild. Sufficient information is given to allow the reader to reproduce and verify the results obtained at each stage of the calculations and to analyze critically the procedures used. Unfortunately, some of the information required for the coordinate transformations was never published and the appended tables provide likely versions of that missing data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 267–272, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20020
Principal components applied to modeling: Dealing with the mean vector
Authors: Worthey James A. , Brill Michael H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPrincipal components analysis is often used to fit a population of spectral reflectances by a mean vector plus a basis‐function expansion about the mean. Certain color‐technology applications (such as color correction) are much easier if the mean is absent. If the mean of reflectance (or of another spectral function) is a linear combination of the first few principal components (such as the first three), then a linear model can fit the original data without mentioning the mean vector in the model's formulation. This idea is worked out step by step, and a realistic example is presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 261–266, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20021
Individual differences of unique hue loci and their relation to color preferences
Authors: Miyahara Eriko , Szewczyk Ewelina , McCartin Jennifer , Caldwell Kimberly 
Published: May 2004

AbstractLoci of the four unique hues (red, green, blue, and yellow) on the equiluminant plane on the color display and three preferred colors were obtained from 115 normal trichromats. We sought possible correlations between these measures. Different unique hue loci were not correlated with each other. The three preferred colors were not correlated with each other. We found five combinations of significant correlation between a preferred color and unique hue settings, yet the overall tendency is not very clear. We conclude that individual differences in color appearance measured by unique hues and color preferences measured by asking for favorite colors may not be predicted from each other or even within a category because the differences in the earlier visual mechanisms can be compensated for and these high‐level measures can be influenced by learning and experience. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 285–291, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20023
A study of colour emotion and colour preference. Part II: Colour emotions for two‐colour combinations
Authors: Ou Li‐Chen , Luo M. Ronnier , Woodcock Andrée , Wright Angela 
Published: May 2004

AbstractEleven colour‐emotion scales, warm–cool, heavy–light, modern–classical, clean–dirty, active–passive, hard–soft, harmonious–disharmonious, tense–relaxed, fresh–stale, masculine–feminine, and like–dislike, were investigated on 190 colour pairs with British and Chinese observers. Experimental results show that gender difference existed in masculine–feminine, whereas no significant cultural difference was found between British and Chinese observers. Three colour‐emotion factors were identified by the method of factor analysis and were labeled “colour activity,” “colour weight,” and “colour heat.” These factors were found similar to those extracted from the single colour emotions developed in Part I. This indicates a coherent framework of colour emotion factors for single colours and two‐colour combinations. An additivity relationship was found between single‐colour and colour‐combination emotions. This relationship predicts colour emotions for a colour pair by averaging the colour emotions of individual colours that generate the pair. However, it cannot be applied to colour preference prediction. By combining the additivity relationship with a single‐colour emotion model, such as those developed in Part I, a colour‐appearance‐based model was established for colour‐combination emotions. With this model one can predict colour emotions for a colour pair if colour‐appearance attributes of the component colours in that pair are known. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 292–298, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20024
The use of sensory difference tests to investigate perceptible colour‐difference in a cosmetic product
Authors: Whiting Roger , Murray Shona , Caintic Zyrene , Ellison Kirsteen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTwo sensory difference tests have been used to assess the ability of an untrained population to perceive colour difference in a cosmetic product. The two tests used were the triangle test and the “two‐out‐of‐five” test. Participants were presented with groups of samples with varying colour differences and asked to identify the odd sample in the triangle test and the pair in the two‐out‐of‐five test. From these data, the number of correct responses was correlated with the calculated colour difference using three colour‐difference equations (CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000). These correlations were optimized by varying the parameters in the colour‐difference equations. With the parameters optimized, each of the three colour‐difference equations gave a correlation coefficient of ∼0.97 with the two‐out‐of‐five test and a correlation coefficient of ∼0.79 with the triangle test. These correlation coefficients suggest that sensory difference testing can be used to investigate perception of colour difference. However, for the triangle test the correlation between the sensory data and the calculated colour difference is weak and the two‐out‐of‐five test should be preferred. The minimum perceptible colour difference was estimated from the regression plots between the optimised colour‐difference equations and the sensory data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 299–304, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20025
Design and performance of a color chart based in digitally processed images for sensory evaluation of piquillo peppers (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Hernández B. , Sáenz C. , Alberdi C. , Alfonso S. , Berrogui M. , Diñeiro J. M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA chart of color standards for visual color evaluation of the piquillo pepper (Capsicum annuum) has been designed. The chart comprises six rectangular regions of digitally processed images of piquillo peppers covering the observed visual range of variability in this product. Colorimetric characterization of piquillo peppers and the color chart has been made using instrumental color measurements. Both trained and untrained sensory panels tested the reliability of the designed color chart. The Pearson correlation coefficient between color chart scores and subjective color quality scores is 0.831 (P < 0.01). Correlation between all instrumental color coordinates, with the exception of CIELAB a*, and visual color chart scores are significant at P< 0.001 and Pearson correlation coefficients range from −0.747 with CIELAB chroma C* to −0.926 with CIELAB hue angle h. Repeatability of visual color chart scores is completely satisfactory, having found no statistically significant differences between color chart scores in samples evaluated twice by panelists. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 305–311, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20026
Parental styles and long‐term outcome following treatment for anxiety disorders
Authors: Chambers Julie A. , Power Kevin G. , Durham Robert C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPoor parenting has long been associated with the diagnosis of anxiety and mood disorders, but it is not clear whether perceived parenting can predict long‐term outcome following treatment. The shortened Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was examined in respect to outcome, 3–14 years after initial treatment, in a group of patients having an original diagnosis of generalized anxiety, panic or post‐traumatic stress disorder. All patients had been entered into one of six controlled clinical treatment trials between 1985 and 1999, which had compared cognitive behavioural therapy with other forms of treatment including psychotherapy, medication and placebo. Significantly lower levels of paternal care and higher levels of parental control were reported by patients still having a clinical diagnosis at long‐term follow‐up compared with those with no diagnosis. In addition, the parental style of ‘affectionless control’ (i.e. low care/high control) from either parent was over‐represented in those with a diagnosis at long‐term follow‐up. However, only maternal control was significant for male patients, whilst only paternal care and control were significant for females. Findings on a subgroup of patients, who completed the PBI both pre‐treatment and at long‐term follow‐up, suggest the results are not due to changes in clinical status affecting recall in the recovered patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accessibility of causal explanations for future positive and negative events in adolescents with anxiety and depression
Authors: Kagan Lisa J. , MacLeod Andrew K. , Pote Helen L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAnxious and depressed adults' pessimism about future events has been shown to be underpinned by their ability to think of reasons why future events would or would not happen (see, e.g., Byrne and MacLeod, 1997). This study sought to extend this finding to adolescents by investigating the accessibility of explanations given for future events in adolescents with elevated anxiety and depression scores. A school sample of 11–17 year olds (N = 123) participated. Participants completed self‐report measures of anxiety, depression and positive and negative affect. In addition they were given a set of potential future positive and negative events and asked to provide reasons as to why the events would (pro reasons) or would not (con reasons) happen. Anxious participants, relative to controls, generated significantly more pro relative to con reasons for negative events happening and showed a non‐significant trend towards the opposite pattern for positive events. Depressed participants showed clear differences from controls in their pattern of accessible explanations for both negative events and positive events. Correlational analysis showed that positive and negative affect had differential relationships to positive and negative cognitions concerning future outcomes. The results suggest that the processes that underlie pessimism in depressed and anxious adults also operate in relatively depressed and anxious adolescents. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The essential oil of Anemia tomentosa (Savigny) Sw. var. anthriscifolia (Schrad.) Mickel
Authors: Juliani Hector R , Zygadlo Julio A , Scrivanti Raquel , de la Sota Elias , Simon James E 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe essential oil composition of the aerial parts of Anemia tomentosa var. anthriscifolia (Anemiaceae) was characterized by GC–MS. Total volatile oil yield extracted by steam distillation was 0.2% dry weight basis. The volatile oil was composed mainly of sesquiterpenes (75%, as the relative percentage of the total essential oil) with lower amounts of monoterpenes (15%); no phenylpropanoids were detected. The sesquiterpenes were composed mainly of oxygenated components (67%), including α‐bisabolol (51%), spathulenol (1%), caryophyllene oxide (3%), α‐bisaboloxide (1%) and 14‐hydroxy‐9‐epi‐(E)‐caryophyllene (1%). The monoterpenes were dominated by neral (5%) and geranial (7%), with lower amounts of α‐pinene, camphene, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, 1,8‐cineole and pinocarveol. This is the ﬁrst report of the essential oil accumulation (0.2%) and volatile composition in the aromatic fern A. tomentosa. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological lemon and sweet orange essential oil composition
Authors: Verzera A. , Trozzi A. , Dugo G. , Di Bella G. , Cotroneo A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe volatile fraction composition of sweet orange and lemon oils obtained using biological and traditional cultivation is reported. The oils came from Sicily and were industrially obtained. The aim of the research was to establish whether the use of pesticides in citrus cultivation could inﬂuence the essential oil composition. The volatile fraction was analysed by HRGC and HRGC–MS. The content of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides was determined by HRGC–FPD and HRGC–ECD. Differences in the oil composition resulted, especially in the content of carbonyl compounds; the results obtained, altogether, show that the biological oils are of higher quality in terms of their composition than traditional ones. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile oil composition of new chemotype of Ocimum basilicum L. from Nigeria
Authors: Kasali Adeleke A. , Eshilokun Adeolu O. , Adeola Segun , Winterhalter Peter , Knapp Holger , Bonnlander Bernd , Koenig Wilfried A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe volatile components obtained by hydrodistillation of Ocimum basilicum L. were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). A total of 24 compounds, representing 95% of the total oil, were identiﬁed. The oil was found to contain methylchavicol (60.3%), linalool (10.8%) and (Z)‐methylcinnamate (6.3%) as the major components. Other notable components include 1,8‐cinole (3.1%), β‐pinene (2.1%) and α‐pinene (2.7%). From the compositional data, a third chemotype from Nigeria is reported. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bud and leaf essential oil composition of Syzygium aromaticum from India and Madagascar
Authors: Srivastava A. K. , Srivastava S. K. , Syamsundar K. V. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum were isolated from its buds and leaves by hydrodistillation. The oils were analyzed by high resolution GC and GC‐MS. Twenty‐eight and 35 constituents representing 99.9% each were identiﬁed from the bud oils of Indian and Madagascan origins, respectively. On the other hand leaf oil from Madagascar resulted in the identiﬁcation of 22 constituents representing 99.9% of the oil. The major constituents in bud and leaf oils were eugenol and β‐caryophyllene. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of cold‐pressed Mexican dancy tangerine oils
Authors: Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi , Favoino Olinda , Cicero Lucia , Zenteno Norberto A. Rodriguez , Dugo Giovanni 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe physicochemical indices, the enantiomeric distribution of some monoterpene hydrocarbons, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile fraction and the oxygenated heterocyclic fraction of cold‐pressed Mexican Dancy tangerine essential oils are reported. The volatile fraction is characterized by a higher content of limonene. γ‐Terpinene, myrcene and α‐pinene are the other most abundant hydrocarbons. Linalool is the main oxygenated compound. The oxygen heterocyclic fraction contains ﬁve polymethoxylated ﬂavones, tangeritin being the main of them. Very little difference in the chemical and physicochemical composition of Dancy tangerine oils of different geographical origin was detected. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual composition of the essential oils from the leaves of Piper aduncum
Authors: Vila Roser , Tomi Félix , Mundina Marisa , Santana Ana I. , Solís Pablo N. , López Arce José B. , Balderrama Iclina José L. , Iglesias José , Gupta Mahabir P. , Casanova Joseph , Cañigueral Salvador 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe chemical compositions of the essential oils from the leaves of Piper aduncum from Panama and Bolivia were investigated by GC‐FID, GC‐MS and 13C‐NMR. In total, 55 components were identiﬁed representing 99.3 and 80.3% of each sample, respectively. The oil from Panama was characterized by a high percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (38.9%), the main ones being β‐caryophyllene (17.4%) and aromadendrene (13.4%). In contrast, the oil from Bolivia showed a high content of monoterpenes (76%), the major constituent being 1,8‐cineole (40.5%). Phenylpropanoids, mainly sarisan (1‐allyl‐2‐methoxy‐4,5‐methylenedioxybenzene; 12.9%), were only detected in the latter. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oils of Kenyan Citrus fruits: volatile components of two varieties of mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and a tangelo (C. paradisi × C. tangerina)
Authors: Njoroge Simon Muhoho , Koaze Hiroshi , Mwaniki Mercy , Minh Tu N. T. , Sawamura Masayoshi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe volatile ﬂavour components of essential oils in peel of kara and sabine mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and minneola tangelo, a hybrid between Duncan grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfadyen) and Dancy tangerine (C. tangerina Tanaka) grown in Kenya were extracted by cold‐pressing and analyzed by GC and GC‐MS. A total of 48, 72 and 56 components amounting to 99.4, 99.8 and 99.8% were identiﬁed in each oil, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted 98.1, 96.9 and 96.7% in the respective oils. The major compounds were limonene (87.1–90.7%), γ‐terpinene (1.5–2.9%), terpinolene (1.4–2.2%) and myrcene (1.5–1.8%). α−Terpinene was prominent in sabine oil (3.4%) but absent from kara and minneola oils. β‐Caryophyllene, α‐cubebene and (E, E)‐α‐farnesene amounting to minor percentages (0.2–0.3%) were the notable sesquiterpenes in each oil. Oxygenated compounds constituted 1.1, 2.6 and 2.8% of the kara, sabine and minneola oils, respectively. Carbonyl compounds (0.6–1.3%) and alcohols (0.3–1.3%) were the major groups, whereas linalool (0.2–0.6%), decanal (0.2–0.3%) and octanal (0.2–0.3%) were the prominent compounds. β‐Sinensal was present in each oil at trace quantities. α‐Sinensal and nootkatone were found only in sabine oil. The oils exhibited complex and variable compositions of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. (E)‐p‐Mentha‐2,8‐dienol, p‐mentha‐1(7), 8(10)‐dien‐9‐ol, p‐menth‐8‐en‐1‐ol and (E)‐pinocarvyl acetate found among the oils have not been previously reported in mandarin peel oils. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.