bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of gastric lesions in dogs and cats with and without gastric spiral organisms
Authors: Yamasaki Kanji , Suematsu Hiroaki , Takahashi Takeshi 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo determine prevalence of gastric spiral organisms (GSO) in dogs and cats that were clinically normal or had primary gastrointestinal disease and to compare histologic lesions of the stomach in dogs and cats with and without GSO.

Animals
21 dogs and 10 cats that were clinically normal and 56 dogs and 33 cats with gastrointestinal disease.

Design
Case-control study.

Results
Unevenness of the gastric mucosal surface was detected, using endoscopic techniques in 20 and 25% of clinically normal and abnormal dogs, respectively. On histologic examination, GSO were located on the mucosal surface within or beneath the mucus, in gastric pits, and within glandular lumina in 86 and 90% of clinically normal dogs and cats, respectively, and in 61 and 64% of clinically abnormal dogs and cats, respectively. Prevalence of GSO infection in dogs and cats that were clinically abnormal was not higher than in those that were clinically normal. Infection was detected in stomachs of > 60% of dogs and cats 1 year old or less. Helicobacter pylori was not isolated from any specimen; however, specimens in which GSO were found had positive results on a urease test.

Clinical Implications
Prevalence of GSO infection was high in clinically normal and abnormal dogs and cats, some of which were young. This should be considered during assessment of clinically normal animals with GSO as they can be a potential reservoir for infection in human beings. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:529-533)
Microbial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated pathogens from the horizontal ear canal and middle ear in dogs with otitis media
Authors: Cole Lynette K. , Kwochka Kenneth W. , Kowalski Joseph J. , Hillier Andrew 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare microbial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated pathogens from the horizontal ear canal and middle ear in dogs with otitis media.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
23 dogs with chronic bilateral otitis externa.

Procedures
Swab specimens of the horizontal ear canal and middle ear were obtained for cytologic analysis, bacterial culture, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Integrity of the tympanic membrane was observed. If the tympanic membrane was intact, myringotomy was performed to collect specimens.

Results
Otitis media was diagnosed in 38 of 46 (82.6%) ears evaluated. The tympanic membrane was intact in 71.1 % of the ears with otitis media. The 3 most common organisms isolated from the horizontal ear canal and middle ear were Staphylococcus intermedius, yeast, and Pseudomonas spp. A difference in total isolates or susceptibility patterns between the horizontal ear canal and middle ear was found in 34 (89.5%) ears. Compared with results of bacterial culture, cytologic examination of swab specimens was not as effective for detection of rods and cocci from the middle ear.

Clinical Implications
In dogs with chronic otitis externa, otitis media often exists even when there is an intact tympanic membrane. In our study, the same isolates were rarely found in the horizontal ear canal and middle ear. Therefore, to choose appropriate antimicrobial agents, in addition to cytologic examination, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing of swab specimens from the horizontal ear canal and middle ear should be performed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:534-538)
Effect of source of cattle and distance transported to a commercial slaughter facility on carcass bruises in mature beef cows
Authors: Hoffman D. E. , Spire M. F. , Schwenke J. R. , Unruh J. A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the effect of source of cattle and distance cattle were transported to a commercial slaughter facility on prevalence and severity of carcass bruises in mature beef cows.

Design
Epidemiologic investigation.

Sample Population
Carcasses from 3,955 beef cows from 11 states assembled in 89 procurement lots.

Procedure
Each carcass was scored for bruise severity and location. Source of cattle was categorized. Distance from source to slaughter facility was determined. An ANCOVA was used to determine effects of variables on carcass bruises.

Results
Mature beef cows marketed through livestock auctions conducting first-point testing for brucellosis, especially when transported longer distances (> 325 km) to slaughter facilities, had a greater number and severity of carcass bruises than cows originating from ranches or livestock auctions not conducting first-point testing. There was an increase in number of rib bruises in cows originating from livestock auctions not conducting first-point testing. Prevalence and severity of bruises were not significantly affected by transportation distance between cows originating from auctions not conducting first-point testing and cows originating from ranches.

Clinical Implications
A strong association existed between handling for brucellosis testing prior to sale for slaughter and distance transported to slaughter facility with carcass bruises in mature beef cows. Bruises are major quality defects that decrease carcass value and slaughter-cow prices. Repeated handling and restraint as well as long-distance transport are issues to consider regarding the responsibility of the livestock industry to provide for the safety and well-being of cattle sold for slaughter. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:668-672)
Metabolic responses of chronically starved horses to refeeding with three isoenergetic diets
Authors: Witham Christine L. , Stull Carolyn L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To examine metabolic responses of chronically starved horses to refeeding with 3 isoenergetic diets.

Design
Uncontrolled clinical trial.

Animals
22 mature mixed-breed horses that were emaciated but otherwise clinically normal.

Procedure
Horses were fed 1 of 3 diets: alfalfa hay, oat hay, or a combination diet of half oat hay and half commercially prepared ration. Digestible energy of diets was gradually increased throughout the refeeding period. One pre- and 4 postprandial blood samples were obtained daily, and analyses included RBC count, Hct, and determination of hemoglobin, glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, total bilirubin, 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium concentrations. Body weight, fecal output, and feed and water consumption were measured and recorded daily. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine dietary and temporal (day) effects of the 3 dietary regimens during 10-day trials.

Results
19 horses survived. Three horses (2 fed alfalfa diet, 1 fed combination diet) died of metabolic or gastrointestinal problems. Increasing temporal effects in serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, magnesium, calcium, and sodium; decreasing temporal effects in serum concentrations of free fatty acid, 2,3- diphosphoglyceric acid, and phosphorus; and dietary effects in serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, magnesium, and potassium were detected in the 19 surviving horses. Serum phosphorus and free fatty acid concentrations decreased dramatically during the first 5 days of refeeding with all 3 diets. Serum magnesium concentrations increased in horses fed the alfalfa hay diet, whereas improvement was not evident in horses fed oat hay or combination diets. Horses receiving the alfalfa and oat hay diets had lower postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations than horses receiving the combination diet. Horses fed oat hay alone ate 92% of feed offered, compared with 98% feed consumption for horses fed alfalfa hay or combination diets.

Clinical Implications
Clinically normal emaciated horses can be successfully rehabilitated by gradual refeeding with a high forage diet. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:691-696)
Epidemiologic analysis of reported scrapie in sheep in the United States: 1,117 cases (1947-1992)
Authors: Wineland Nora E. , Detwiler Linda A. , Salman M. D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine epidemiologic features associated with reported cases of scrapie in sheep in the United States.

Design
Retrospective study.

Sample Population
Records for scrapie-positive sheep flocks and sheep with clinical signs consistent with scrapie reported to the USDA from 1947 through 1992.

Procedure
Records from the USDA's scrapie control and eradication program were abstracted, entered into a computer database, and statistically analyzed.

Results
1,117 sheep from 657 flocks located in 39 states were scrapie positive during the study period. Seasonal or spatial trends were not evident. Mean yearly proportion of scrapie-positive flocks increased slightly from 1965 through 1992. One hundred sixty-eight rams and 949 ewes were reported to be scrapie positive during the study period, which was slightly more rams than expected if the disease was equally likely to affect rams and ewes. Suffolks (972/1,117; 87%) and Hampshires (68/1,117; 6%) were most commonly affected.

Clinical Implications
The prevalence of scrapie in sheep in the United States is unknown. Bias in this study may have resulted from inconsistencies in available information, misclassification of sheep with clinically suspicious signs of scrapie, and changes in the national scrapie control and eradication program that likely affected willingness of owners and veterinarians to report potentially infected sheep. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:713-718)
Stress responses of horses during a long period of transport in a commercial truck
Authors: Friend Theodore Henry , Martin Michael Terry , Householder Don Douglas , Bushong Diana Marie 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To characterize progressive patterns of dehydration, stress responses, and water consumption in horses transported long distances in hot weather and to evaluate various measurements in detecting dehydration and stress in transported horses.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
30 mature, healthy horses.

Procedure
The following 4 treatment groups were studied: horses that were penned and offered water every 5 hours (n = 5), horses that were penned and not offered water (5), horses that were transported in a truck and offered water every 5 hours (10), and horses that were transported and not offered water (10). The study commenced after 6 hours of water deprivation. Every 4 hours, the truck returned to the pen area and body weights were measured, physical examinations were performed, and blood samples were obtained. During this 1-hour period, water was offered to some horses, depending on treatment group.

Results
After 24 hours of transport, 3 horses were judged unable to continue and the study was terminated. Horses that were penned and offered water drank a mean of 38.2 L and horses that were transported and offered water drank 20.9 L, but some of the latter horses did not drink until after 19 or 24 hours of transport. In horses that were transported or penned and not offered water, serum electrolyte concentrations were greater than reference range values by 19 hours. Most horses that were transported and offered water consumed adequate water to postpone severe dehydration beyond 24 hours.

Clinical Implications
Tame horses in good condition and initially deprived of access of water for approximately 6 hours can be transported in groups in open trailers during hot, humid conditions for up to 24 hours before dehydration and fatigue become severe. Rectal temperature and appearance of the horses were the most useful measures for determining crisis situations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:838-844)
Assessment of spatial and temporal clustering of ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant strains of Pasteurella multocida and P haemolytica isolated from cattle in California
Authors: Singer Randall S. , Case James T. , Carpenter Tim E. , Walker Richard L. , Hirsh Dwight C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant strains of Pasteurella multocida and P haemolytica isolated from California cattle with pneumonia were spatially and temporally clustered and to compare overall estimates of percentages of these isolates resistant to these antimicrobials with estimates obtained on the basis of regional and temporal information.

Design
Epidemiologic study.

Sample Population
Records of P multocida and P haemolytica isolates obtained from lung or tracheal wash samples collected from California cattle with pneumonia between July 1, 1991 and July 31, 1996. Only isolates obtained from samples submitted by dairies and calf ranches were used.

Procedure
Spatial clustering of ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant isolates was assessed by use of nearest-neighbor and Cuzick and Edwards' analyses. Linear clustering along a north-south line was assessed by use of runs and maximum length of runs tests. Temporal clustering was assessed by use of scan tests. Spatial-temporal clustering was assessed by use of Barton's method. Regional estimates of percentages of P multocida and P haemolytica resistant to ampicillin or tetracycline were calculated.

Results
There was significant spatial clustering of resistant isolates and significant linear clustering along a north-south line. Significant differences in regional estimates of percentages of antimicrobial-resistant isolates were found.

Clinical Implications
Results support the hypothesis that antimicrobial-resistant organisms can be clustered at the local level and reinforce the need to establish regional estimates of percentages of bacterial isolates that will be susceptible to commonly used antimicrobials. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1001–1005)
Description and development of compulsive tail chasing in terriers and response to clomipramine treatment
Authors: Moon-Fanelli Alice A. , Dodman Nicholas H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify factors associated with onset and continued elicitation of tail chasing in Bull Terriers and other terriers and to determine response to treatment with clomipramine hydrochloride, a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
18 tail-chasing terriers (15 Bull Terriers, 1 Miniature Bull Terrier, 1 American Staffordshire Terrier, 1 Jack Russell Terrier).

Procedure
5 dogs were evaluated for tail chasing by a veterinarian at the behavior clinic of the veterinary teaching hospital and 13 dogs were evaluated by the owner's local veterinarian, who confirmed the diagnosis and treated the dog. It was recommended that all dogs in the study be given clomipramine orally at a dosage of 1 to 2 mg/kg (0.5 to 0.9 mg/lb) of body weight, every 12 hours.

Results
Of the 18 dogs, 15 were treated with clomipramine within the recommended dosage range, and 3 dogs required treatment at a slightly higher dosage range to control tail chasing. After 1 to 12 weeks of treatment, 9 of 12 (75%) dogs were reported to have a 75% or greater improvement (reduction) in tail chasing.

Clinical Implications
Findings of this study may aid in recognition and treatment of compulsive tail chasing. In conjunction with appropriate management changes, clomipramine administration appears to be an effective treatment for this otherwise refractory condition. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1252–1257)
Neoplastic diseases in ferrets: 574 cases (1968–1997)
Authors: Li Xiantang , Fox James G. , Padrid Philip A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine incidence of neoplastic disease in ferrets.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
574 ferrets with neoplastic disease.

Procedure
Medical records from the Veterinary Medical Data Base at Purdue University from 1968 to May 1997 were reviewed to identify ferrets with neoplastic disease. Data on tumor type, organ or system affected, sex, age, geographic location of affected ferrets, participating institution, and year of diagnosis were retrieved.

Results
639 tumors of various types were diagnosed in 574 of 4,774 (12%) ferrets in the database. Sixty-one ferrets had multiple tumor types. Primary tumors were found in every system; endocrine (254; 39.7%). hemolymphatic (97; 15.2 %). integumentary (83; 12.9%). and digestive (54; 8.4%) systems were most commonly affected. The most common tumor types were pancreatic islet cell (139; 21.7%) and adrenocortical cell (107; 16.7%) tumors and lymphoma (76; 11.9%). Most (94.2%) pancreatic islet cell tumors were functional. Age of affected ferrets ranged from less than 1 month to more than 15 years old. Tumor incidence was highest in ferrets between 4 and 7 years old. A sex predilection was not found, although tumors were found more commonly in spayed females and castrated males than in sexually intact females and males, respectively. Number of tumors diagnosed increased as the number of ferrets examined increased. Neoplastic disease accounted for an increasingly greater percentage of diseases diagnosed in ferrets during the study period.

Clinical Implications
Ferrets have an incidence and spectrum of neoplastic disease similar to other mammalian species. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1402–1406)
Lateral approach for arthrocentesis of the distal interphalangeal joint in horses
Authors: Vazquez de Mercado Rodrigo , Stover Susan M. , Taylor Kenneth T. , Zarucco Laura , Willits Neil H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine anatomic landmarks for a lateral approach for arthrocentesis of the proximopalmarolateral aspect of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in horses and the likelihood of entering synovial structures other than the DIP joint through this approach.

Design
Prospective study.

Sample Population
Paired forelimbs of 8 cadavers and 12 horses.

Procedure
Anatomic preparations were used to determine anatomic landmarks. Positive-contrast arthrography was used to determine which structures were entered.

Results
Landmarks for the lateral approach included a depression in the proximal border of the lateral ungular cartilage and the palmar border of the middle phalanx. Use of the lateral approach for arthrography resulted in deposition of contrast material exclusively in the DIP joint in only 13 of 20 limbs, whereas use of the dorsal approach resulted in deposition of contrast material exclusively in the DIP joint in 20 of 20 limbs.

Clinical Implications
The lateral approach is an alternative to the conventional dorsal approach to the DIP joint in horses; however, inadvertent entry into adjacent synovial structures is a possible complication. The lateral approach provides an additional portal for through-and-through lavage and arthroscopic access to the palmar aspect of the DIP joint. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1413–1418)
Public awareness of rabies and compliance with pet vaccination laws in Connecticut, 1993
Authors: Nelson Randall S. , Mshar Patricia A. , Cartter Matthew L. , Adams Mary L. , Hadler James L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the degree of public awareness of rabies and compliance with cat and dog vaccination laws in Connecticut in 1993.

Design
Monthly telephone surveys.

Sample Population
1,810 households.

Procedure
A telephone interview was conducted, using rabies-related questions contained in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, with an adult member from households randomly selected statewide by telephone number. Results of the surveys for the year were aggregated, and weighted data were analyzed.

Results
Ninety percent of respondents had heard about rabies during the preceding year, and 84 % considered it a problem in Connecticut. Forty-seven percent of households surveyed owned dogs or cats. Ninety-three percent of dogs and 80% of cats were reported to be vaccinated against rabies. Twenty-two percent of households with cats had at least 1 cat that was not current on rabies vaccination.

Clinical Relevance
In Connecticut, an epizootic of rabies in raccoons was accompanied by a high degree of awareness of rabies and rate of reported vaccination of dogs and cats. However, vaccination of cats was less common than that of dogs. Public education efforts should emphasize the necessity to vaccinate cats and to avoid contact with unknown cats in rabies epizootic or enzootic areas. A surveillance system can be used to help evaluate public health programs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1552–1555)
Association between long periods without high-speed workouts and risk of complete humeral or pelvic fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses: 54 cases (1991–1994)
Authors: Carrier Tracey K. , Estberg Leah , Stover Susan M. , Gardner Ian A. , Johnson Bill J. , Read Deryck H. , Ardans Alex A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether a two-month or longer period without official high-speed workouts (lay-up) is associated with humeral or pelvic fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
Thoroughbred racehorses in California that were euthanatized because of a complete humeral or pelvic fracture.

Procedure
Age, sex, activity, number of lay-ups, number of days from a race or official timed workout to fracture, number of days from end of last lay-up to fracture, mean duration of lay-ups, and total number of days in race training were compared between horses with humeral fractures and horses with pelvic fractures. A case-crossover study was used to estimate relative risk for fracture of the humerus or pelvis occurring within hazard periods of 10 and 21 days following lay-up, compared with periods following more regular participation in official racing or timed workout events.

Results
Horses with pelvic fractures were more often female, older, and had 0 or ≥ 2 lay-ups. Horses with humeral fractures were typically 3-year-old males that had 1 lay-up. Horses with pelvic fractures had more total days in race training, fewer days from last exercise event to fracture, and a greater number of days from end of last lay-up to fracture than horses with humeral fractures. Return from lay-up was strongly associated with risk for humeral fracture during hazard periods of 10 and 21 days (relative risk = 71 and 45, respectively).

Clinical Implications
Risk of humeral fracture may be reduced if horses are cautiously reintroduced into race training after lay-up. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1582–1587)
Prevalence of attenuated wavy fibers in myocardium of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tidholm Anna , Häggström Jens , Jönsson Lennart 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the prevalence of attenuated wavy fibers in the myocardium of dogs with and without dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Design
Prevalence survey.

Animals
70 dogs clinically suspected to have DCM (ie, fractional shortening < 25%, absence of echocardiographic lesions other than chamber dilatation, and radiographic or postmortem evidence of congestive heart failure) and 147 dogs with chronic valvular disease (n = 60), congenital heart disease (49), myocardial infarcts (23), myocarditis (8), or endocarditis (7).

Procedure
Echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed, and thoracic radiographs were obtained with dogs in left lateral recumbency. Necropsy specimens were examined for attenuated wavy fibers (ie, myocardial cells < 6 μm in diameter with a wavy appearance).

Results
65 of 70 dogs clinically suspected to have DCM were confirmed to have the disease on postmortem examination, and 64 of 65 had attenuated wavy fibers. The remaining 5 dogs were found during postmortem examination to have heart disease other than DCM, and none had attenuated wavy fibers. Only 1 of 147 dogs with heart disease other than DCM had attenuated wavy fibers.

Clinical Implications
Findings suggest that histologic examination for attenuated wavy fibers may be a useful postmortem test for DCM in dogs. The diagnosis was confirmed in 65 of 70 dogs suspected to have DCM on the basis of standard clinical criteria. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1732–1734)