bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous and dietary‐induced cardiovascular lesions in DBA mice
Authors: Ball Carroll R. , Williams W. Lane 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn DBA mice, 12–16 months of age, receiving an adequate commercial diet the incidence of ventricular myocardial necrosis and calcification was 48% and that of pericardial calcification was 12%. Atrial thrombosis did not occur. Young adult mice of the same strain were fed a high‐fat (28% lard), low‐protein (8% casein) diet, with and without lipotropic supplement of betaine, for 48 weeks. The incidence of ventricular myocardial necrosis and calcification increased significantly over the spontaneous level with the greatest frequency (95%) occurring in the betaine‐supplemented group. Pericardial calcification also increased with the highest incidence (100%) in the non‐supplemented animals. Dietary induced atrial thrombosis reached lethal dimensions (80%) for most animals in the betaine‐supplemented group within 12 weeks. The non‐supplemented animals had less atrial thrombosis (50%) and greater longevity. Frequency and types of lesions observed were similar to those which occur in other strains of mice fed the same diet. The genetic susceptibility to spontaneous cardiac lesions did not appear to predispose the DBA mice to a greater sensitivity to dietary induced lesions, but may have contributed to the calcification which characterized the lesions. Dietary betaine seemed to influence significantly the production of a higher incidence of cardiac damage.
Innervation of the cortical and medullary portions of the adrenal gland of the rat during postnatal life
Authors: Mikhail Youssef , Mahran Zaghloul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe adrenal glands of four rats from each of the following age groups, newly born and one‐, two‐, three‐, five‐, seven‐, nine‐weeks‐old were used. Sections 15 μ in thickness were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Holmes, Bodian and Bielschowsky methods to show nerve fibers and cells in the gland. At birth the nerve fibers extended from beneath the capsule to the central part of the gland where collections of various neurons were found. After one week, nerve cells (which probably belonged to parasympathetic) were found in the inner part of the fasciculata while the adrenal medulla contained nerve cells which belonged to the two sets of autonomic nervous system. By the end of two weeks a fine plexus of nerve cells and fibers was found in inner fasciculata. In the three‐week‐old rat adrenal the plexus of nerve cells and fibers extended to the zona reticularis. By the age of five weeks the plexus was present in the inner fasciculata as well as in the reticularis. The clusters of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion cells were a constant feature of the medulla. By the end of seven and nine weeks the intrinsic adrenal plexus was a principal feature of the zona reticularis. The functional significance of the profuse intrinsic nerve supply of both the cortical and medullary portions of the gland is discussed.
The granular reticular cells of the thymus in the AKR/JAX mouse
Authors: Pansky Ben , House E. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe authors have previously described a hypoglycemia with age in the female AKR/JAX mouse which they attributed to the thymus gland. Using our own modification of Gomori's Aldehyde‐fuchsin stain, cells of the thymus were found to contain purple‐blue granules in degrees and gradations of numbers, sizes and form. It seems likely that these cells have the ability to produce and store a factor or hormone which could directly or indirectly affect the blood sugar. By their histology, these cells have been classified as reticular cells of the thymus in contrast to mast cells or lymphocytes. In their staining ability, appearance and occasional tendency to group themselves in “islets”, these cells do seem to closely resemble the Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. From an embryological point of view, the thymus and pancreas, both of entodermal origin, are related and it is suggested that this may also be case physiologically.
Unusual patterns of growth in the frontal and parietal bones
Authors: Roche A. F. , Manuel K. , Seward F. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMeasurements of the straight line distances nasion‐bregma and bregma‐lambda and the curvature of the frontal and parietal bones have been made on serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of children. There was a very wide range of increments in nasion‐bregma and in bregma‐lambda. In one girl, there was no increase in bregma‐lambda and there was no change in the curvature of the parietal bone between the ages of three and ten years. Although the mean curvature of the parietal bones decreased with age, there were increases in the curvature of these bones in some children during the age range studied. Similar increases were noted, but much less commonly, in the frontal bones.
Development of mouse pubic joint in vivo following initial differentiation in vitro
Authors: Crelin E. S. , Koch W. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTypical immature pubic joints developed when undifferentiated mesenchyme from the pelvic region of 13‐day‐old embryos was grown in vitro on a Millipore filter. After five days the joints were transplanted to 5‐day‐old postnatal female mice whose pubic joints were excised prior to transplantation. The transplanted joints developed to adult‐type symphyses and replaced the excised joints of the recipients. Typical bone resorption and cartilage transformation to ligamentous tissue occurred in transplanted joints in pregnant recipients.
Electron microscopic observations on lysosomes and related cytoplasmic components of normal and pathological cardiac muscle
Authors: Hibbs Richard G. , Ferrans Victor J. , Walsh John J. , Burch George E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn electron microscopic investigation was made on lysosomes and morphologically related structures found in cardiac muscle. The tissues used in this investigation were obtained from normal and functionally altered rat hearts and human hearts from patients with cardiomyopathy.Structures morphologically similar to lysosomes were encountered in all hearts, but were especially numerous in the damaged hearts, both human and rat. These structures were extremely variable in size, the smaller ones being located in the Golgi region where they appeared to originate.Lipofuscin granules were especially numerous in pathological hearts, and have several morphological features in common with lysosomes.Other bodies were also frequently encountered in these cells which in many ways resembled lysosomes, but contained mitochondria, fragments of mitochondria and myelin figures.The structural similarities between lysosomes and these other elements lead us to consider the possibility that the latter structures may be modified, degenerate, or simply functional stages of lysosomes.
Blood constituents of normal newborn rats and those exposed to low oxygen tension during gestation; weight of newborn and litter size also considered
Authors: Johnson Duane , Roofe Paul Gibbons 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBlood removed from the heart of newborn rats from mothers exposed during gestation to 18,000 feet altitude showed significantly marked increases in red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit as compared to newborn rats held at ground level, 750 feet elevation. The peripheral blood from newborn rats similarly treated was found to have greater significant increases in white blood cells, red blood cells, amount of hemoglobin and higher hematocrit readings than the heart blood. Percentagewise the white blood cells from the periphery increased far more than the other blood constituents. Under these experimental conditions the number of live births, litter size and weight of the newborn were greatly reduced.
Renal changes associated with acclimatization to high altitude
Authors: Roofe Paul Gibbons , Garrett Gerald F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWhite rats were exposed to atmospheric pressures equivalent to 18,000 feet altitude for approximately 24 hours a day for as long as four months. Ratio between glomeruli and non‐glomerular cortical tissue was determined using the Chalkley technique. Mean cross‐sectional glomerular area was determined using a delineascope projection method. Conclusions reached as a result of this study are: (a) A decrease in kidney weight per 100 gm body weight is observed in altitude acclimatized rats compared to ground level control animals. Kidneys of rats at high altitudes weighed 15% ± 2.9% less than controls. (b) A decrease in the amount of non‐glomerular tissue per glomerulus is noted in animals at high altitude. (c) A decrease in mean glomerular area was observed in animals at high altitudes.Since no gross change in volume of renal cortex is observed during acclimatization, the conclusion is drawn from this information that during altitude acclimatization an increase in the total number of functioning nephrons occurs.
Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of Japanese pika (Ochotona hyperborea yezoensis, kishida)
Authors: Kubota Kinziro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe tongue of the Japanese pika was investigated using the silver impregnation method. On the dorsum, three vallate papillae, arranged in a row transversely, and foliate papillae with 12–13 clefts were observed. The papillae are both covered with an upper thickened epithelium. The abundant nerve fibers are widely distributed in the subpapillary layer of the lamina propria to form the subpapillary nerve plexus, which is composed of non‐myelinated and thick myelinated fibers, and ganglion cells. The taste buds, of an embryonic type with an indefinite border, are located as a mass in both walls of the papillae symmetrically, closely associated with a small number of the fine fibers from the subpapillary plexus. They are large in size and penetrate into the subgemmal connective tissue. Their aspect suggests a peculiar receptive apparatus surrounding the orifice of the serous gland‐ducts. In the papilla regions the serous glands are plentiful deep in the muscles and their ducts open into the bottom of the trench and furrow. The dorsum is densely packed only with the filiform papillae which are covered with highly cornified, thickened stratified squamous epithelium and poor in nerve supply, but the smooth inferior surface is well supplied with sensory nerves ending free and is furnished with many taste buds. No apical glands are present. The tongue contains many ganglion cells alongside the nerve fiber bundles running toward the apex.
The eruption pattern of deciduous teeth in miniature swine
Authors: Weaver M. E. , Jump E. B. , McKean Cynthia F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSince “miniature swine” are being used extensively as a research animal and since the literature concerning tooth eruption is not very precise, it has seemed advisable to observe and record tooth eruption in the “miniature swine” being used and to make comparisons with existing literature of domestic swine.A total of 55 pigs of the Pitman‐Moore strain were observed weekly from birth until their dentition was complete at about 26 weeks. Lateral x‐ray head plates and study models of both arches were made weekly for two members of the group. The study models and x‐rays served for orientation and positive identification of teeth; and with the weekly observations constitute the data.Analysis of the data indicated there was no significant difference in the eruption time for any tooth due to the sex of the individual. A mean sequence of eruption for each arch was established for the group based on coefficients of concordance. There was no significant difference in sequence of eruption due to sex or litter.The eruption time and sequence noted for Pitman‐Moore swine differed slightly from that recorded for domestic swine. The differences observed were slight and could be explained by the probably infrequent observations of domestic swine or small sample size.
Studies of the rings of henle associated with collagenous bundles in human and calf skin
Authors: Felsher Zachary 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe nature of Henle's rings, which are the highly refractile constricting fibers seen around chemically swollen collagen, has long been in dispute. Several theories can be found in the literature to account for this phenomenon. Henle's rings were abundant in oxhide and calfskin, but were rarely seen in human skin. They did not stain with any of the common elastic tissue stains. Reactions of Henle's rings, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers in purified hexosamine‐free collagen of oxhide, fresh calfskin, fresh human abdominal skin, and ligamentum nuchae were compared using microscopic heat reactions both before and after chemical enzymatic treatment. Solutions used were 50% glycerin, glacial formic acid, 1 N NaOH, 0.1 N acetic acid, 3 N acetic acid, elastase, collagenase, pepsin, and hyaluronidase. The conclusions reached were that Henle's rings are not elastin, mucoid, or protoplasmic in nature but closely resemble a nonswelling collagen, probably reticulin. Henle's rings are very rare in human skin, but after digestion with elastase or treatment with NaOH, long, curving, poorly swelling fibers are seen which react like collagen in other respects. Henle's rings in oxhide varied in diameter from 24 μ up to several hundred microns. They seemed to be made up of fine fibrillae as seen with the phase‐contrast microscope. The fluorescent colors of Henle's rings with various filters differed from the fluorescent colors of elastic fibers. Attempts to stain them with silver were not successful.
Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of Japanese dormouse (Glirus japonicus)
Authors: Kubota Kinziro , Togawa Shigeru 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOn the dorsum of the Japanese dormose tongue three circumvallate papillae are arranged in an inverted V‐shape. Foliate, fungiform and filiform papillae are also observed. The vallate papillae and the outer wall of the trench are covered with highly cornified stratified squamous epithelium. The taste buds in six rows are located only in the lateral wall of the papilla, having a long taste canal. Ganglion cells lie on the nerve bundles extending into the papilla. Serous glands are plentiful deep in the muscles and their ducts open into the bottom and on the outer wall of the trench. The foliate papillae consist of six to seven folds furnished with taste buds. The serous glands are developed also in this region. The lamina propria of the dorsum is richly supplied with abundant nerves ending free. The fungiform papillae are also supplied with abundant nerves and furnished with taste buds penetrating into the connective tissue. The inferior surface is poor in nerve supply and has neither taste buds nor papillae. The muscle spindle, the thin‐sheathed sensory corpuscle and a peculiar wavy‐coursed end‐apparatus within the nerve bundle are found in the apical region. The dormouse tongue contains many ganglion cells along the nerve bundles.
The fine structure of marginal band microtubules
Authors: Maser Morton D , Philpott Charles W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFixation of Fundulus erythrocytes by silver acetate‐osmium tetroxide solutions preserves marginal band microtubules while extracting the obscuring hemoglobin background. High magnification electron micrographs of thin sections show the microtubules to be composed of globular subunits. Cross‐sectional profiles of the microtubules contain six or seven subunits. The discussion includes comments as to the general stability of microtubular structures, and to the similarities between microtubules and tobacco mosaic virus protein.
The fine structure of mucosal epithelial cells of a pathological human gall bladder
Authors: Chapman George B. , Chiarodo Andrew J. , Coffey Robert J. , Wieneke Karl 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis communication presents the first electron micrographs known to us of human gall bladder mucosal epithelium. These cells are typical of epithelial cells in general. They possess microvilli, terminal bars, desmosomes, membrane interdigitations, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, and a nucleus limited by an envelope interrupted by pores and containing one to several nucleoli. Of particular interest are the three types of granular inclusions found in the cytoplasm.These granules are discussed in the light of their possible significance, in particular their possible relation to the functioning of this epithelium in a gall bladder exhibiting cholelithiasis.
Recovery of rat incisor dentin from abnormal mineralization produced by strontium and fluoride
Authors: Yaeger James A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRats were injected with 5 mg NaF/100 g or 125 mg SrCl2/100 g. Animals injected once were killed at intervals of 4, 6, 12 and 24 days after injection. Other animals received pairs of injections, separated by intervals of four or nine days. One maxillary incisor from each animal was embedded in methacrylate, sectioned transversely, and microradiographs prepared. The other incisor was demineralized, sectioned, and the sections stained with histochemical methods for polysac‐charide‐protein complexes.In the microradiographs, the abnormally mineralized layers of dentin produced by the injections became less distinct as they aged. This recovery was detectable in all animals within two weeks after injection. The histochemical changes were less marked, but the weakly stained (hypomineralized) layers of matrix became more nearly normal as recovery occurred. Apparently, fluoride accelerates the maturation (secondary mineralization) of a thin layer of dentin, while both fluoride and strontium inhibit primary mineralization of predentin. In time, mineralization in the hypomineralized layers overtakes the normally mineralized dentin, and the normally mineralized dentin overtakes the hypermineralized layers.
Acetylcholinesterase‐acetylcholine, an enzyme system essential to rhythmicity in the preneural embryonic chick heart
Authors: Paff George Hugo , Boucek Robert Joseph , Glander Thorne Parsons 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe problem was to prove that without acetylcholine or acetylcholinesterase it is impossible for the heart to originate an impulse. Fifty to sixty‐five‐hour old embryonic chick hearts were chosen for study because this age range antedates the period when nerve fibers reach the heart. Electrocardiograms were taken on hearts in lying drops before, during and after changes of media. The diluent in all cases was Tyrode solution of pH 7.4, and the temperature was 31 to 32°C.Hearts react to acetylcholinesterase as follows: the PR interval increases; AV block and complete stoppage of the ventricle occur; finally the sinu‐atrium stops and the heart is completely quiescent. The process can be reversed and normal activity restored by adding acetylcholine, proof that acetylcholine is necessary for rhythmicity.Hearts react to eserine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase as follows: the amplitude of the P wave and QRS complex is reduced; the PR interval is eliminated; a single wave, the “cardiac wave” emerges even though visibly both atrium and ventricle are beating; the heart finally stops. The hearts can be returned to complete normality by washing out the eserine with Tyrode solution. From this we conclude that acetylcholinesterase is also necessary for rhythmicity.
Persistent urachus — an observation in miniature swine
Authors: Weaver Morris Eugene 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe embryology and anatomy of the urachus has been described and documented in some mammals. Though rare, the anomalies associated with the urachus represent such a hazard to life that, in man at least, the incidence and treatment have been recorded regularly. Documentation of the presence of the persistent urachus in animals was not as complete. References in recent literature described the anomalous urachus in only a few dogs, cows, and horses.This study reported an impervious urachal canal from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus in a female “miniature” pig of the Pitman‐Moore strain. The urachus observed was similar to previous descriptions given for domestic swine and other species but was reported because of the increasing use of swine as laboratory animals and the dearth of specific information in the literature concerning these animals.
Collection of mouse semen by electroejaculation
Authors: Snyder Robert L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLiquid and coagulated ejaculates were collected separately from mice by electroejaculation. Sperm concentrations in the liquid ejaculates from 51 animals ranged between 25,000 and 2,228,000/mm3 and total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate between 60,000 and 5,464,000. This method is suggested as a practical means of obtaining ejaculated spermatozoa free of coagulum for reproduction research.
Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells of whole‐body irradiated mice
Authors: Hugon J. , Borgers M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAdult male mice of CBA/C57 B1 strain received a whole‐body x‐irradiation of 400 r. The ultrastructural and cytochemical changes of the spermatogonia and of the Sertoli cells were studied throughout the first 48 hours after this irradiation. Tissues were fixed in osmium tetroxide or glutaraldehyde. The acid phosphatase reaction was carried out using a slightly modified Gomori medium. The first changes observed in spermatogonia were: dilatations of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, moderate enlargement of the mitochondria and swelling of the nuclear membranes. In a later stage, the injured spermatogonia were phagocytized by the adjoining Sertoli cells, where the complete involution took place. The study of the acid phosphatase localization showed that the numerous dense bodies, appearing in the Sertoli cells in the first hours after irradiation, were heavily loaded with reaction product. They seemed to take an important part in the resorption of the phagocytized spermatogonia. These results were compared with findings of other authors.
Glycogen content of preimplantation mouse embryos
Authors: Thomson Joan L. , Brinster Ralph L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPreimplantation mouse embryos of various stages of development, from single‐cell zygotes to late blastocysts, were fixed on microscope slides and were stained using the periodic acid‐Schiff method. Half of the slides were treated with diastase before staining to determine whether the positive material was glycogen.Glycogen was found in all of the stages studied, regardless of whether development had occurred in vivo or in vitro. Single‐cell zygotes were not as heavily stained as the two‐cell embryos, but this could be due to the decrease in volume which occurs between these two stages. Large amounts of positive material were found in the cleavage stages, from two‐cell to morula, but a decrease occurred during the growth of the blastocyst. By the late blastocyst stage, glycogen is no longer found in the trophoblast cells and is present only in small amounts in the inner cell mass.The decrease in PAS‐positive diastase‐removable material during the blastocyst stages suggests that glycogen may serve as an energy source during the fifth day of development, when the blastocyst is undergoing expansion and hatching. Culture experiments and enzyme analyses have provided evidence that the cleaving embryo undergoes some basic changes in the pattern of energy metabolism, and it is possible that additional changes might occur in the blastocyst stage.