bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological components of seed quality in runner‐type peanut during seed formation
Authors: Moreno Leticia , Santos Adão F. , Tubbs Ronald Scott , Grey Timothy L. , Monfort Walter S. , Lamb Marshall C. , Pilon Cristiane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeed is one of the most expensive costs in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production, and the use of high‐quality seed is important to provide the greatest yield potential. Physiological seed quality, represented by a combination of germination, vigor, desiccation tolerance, and longevity, is progressively acquired during seed formation. When all components reach their maximum, seeds achieve the highest physiological quality. The objectives of this study were to identify the acquisition pattern of the physiological components of seed quality, to determine the timing in which the maximum physiological quality is achieved during seed formation, and to define the timing in which seeds acquire and further break primary dormancy in peanut. A 3‐year field study was conducted using the cultivar Georgia‐06G. Plants were inverted when growing degree days reached 2500 for all fields, and a maturity board profile was used to classify the pods into the maturity classes. Seeds were split into two groups, treated and non‐treated, with ethephon to break potential primary dormancy. Water content, germination, vigor, desiccation tolerance, and longevity were tested in the seeds. Seed mass maturity was reached in the “orange” class. Maximum germination and vigor were achieved between “brown 1” and “brown 2”. Primary dormancy was acquired between “orange” and “brown 1” and broken after artificial drying. Maximum desiccation tolerance was observed in “brown 1”, whereas maximum longevity was achieved only in “black 2”. Considering all physiological quality components, peanut seeds achieved the maximum physiological quality between “brown 1” and “brown 2”.
Asymmetric (4+1) Annulations by Cascade Allylation and Transient σ‐Alkyl‐Pd(II) Initiated Allylic Csp3−H Activation
Authors: Sun Haiyu , He Hui , Ni Shao‐Fei , Guo Wusheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA unique Pd‐catalyzed approach for asymmetric (4+1) annulations via cascade allylation and transient σ‐alkyl‐Pd(II) initiated methylene Csp3−H activation is reported. The enolate fragment derived from the decarboxylation of vinyl methylene carbonate is crucial to stabilize the key intermediate. These reactions enable the synthesis of various useful dihydrobenzofurans with excellent enantioselectivity, typically >95 : 5 er, and exclusive (Z)‐stereoselectivity. Compared with the well‐established annulations via Heck‐type C−H activations, this protocol showcases a conceptually new way to generate σ‐alkyl‐Pd(II) species that could initiate challenging asymmetric Csp3−H activations.
Acoustic characterization of natural areca catechu fiber‐reinforced flexible polyurethane foam composites
Authors: M. B. Santosh , G. C. Mohan Kumar , Pitchaimani Jeyaraj 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of acoustic absorbers from natural resources is a novel approach in acoustics. In the current study, the effect of unprocessed raw areca fiber (AF) particle reinforcement on the sound absorption (SA) behavior of polyurethane (PU) foam composites is investigated. Influences of fiber weight percentage and graded distribution of fiber with varying fiber weight percentage on the SA coefficient (SAC) of the composite foams are examined through the impedance tube approach. Morphological studies are carried out with the help of FESEM images to investigate the acoustic energy dissipation mechanism of PU foam and its composites. It is found that the SA capability of the composite foam is enhanced by increased fiber weight percentage, graded distribution of fiber wt%, varying sample thickness, and air cavity length. In general, PU‐AF composite specimens show a peak SA value of 0.95 around 450 Hz, which is not the case for other natural fiber results available in the literature. Theoretical results predicted using the JCA (Johnson‐Champoux Allard) model agree with the experimental results.
Emerging small molecule inhibitors of Bach1 as therapeutic agents: Rationale, recent advances, and future perspectives
Authors: Hushpulian Dmitry M. , Kaidery Navneet Ammal , Dutta Debashis , Sharma Sudarshana M. , Gazaryan Irina , Thomas Bobby 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe transcription factor Nrf2 is the master regulator of cellular stress response, facilitating the expression of cytoprotective genes, including those responsible for drug detoxification, immunomodulation, and iron metabolism. FDA‐approved Nrf2 activators, Tecfidera and Skyclarys for patients with multiple sclerosis and Friedreich's ataxia, respectively, are non‐specific alkylating agents exerting side effects. Nrf2 is under feedback regulation through its target gene, transcriptional repressor Bach1. Specifically, in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases with Bach1 dysregulation, excessive Bach1 accumulation interferes with Nrf2 activation. Bach1 is a heme sensor protein, which, upon heme binding, is targeted for proteasomal degradation, relieving the repression of Nrf2 target genes. Ideally, a combination of Nrf2 stabilization and Bach1 inhibition is necessary to achieve the full therapeutic benefits of Nrf2 activation. Here, we discuss recent advances and future perspectives in developing small molecule inhibitors of Bach1, highlighting the significance of the Bach1/Nrf2 signaling pathway as a promising neurotherapeutic strategy.
An evaluation of environmental, social, and governance reporting in the agricultural sector
Authors: Gerber Ruan , Smit Anet , Botha Martin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStakeholders require transparency that companies are conducting business sustainably, which can be provided through non‐financial disclosures. Businesses that act on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) matters can attain a competitive advantage. ESG has become necessary in the agricultural sector as agribusinesses are considered high‐impact companies. The lack of uniformity in reporting guidelines leads to inconsistent and overloading of information. The objective of this paper is to conduct an evaluation and comparison of the current ESG reporting practices of listed agribusinesses in South Africa, Australia, and Chile. To support the quality and quantity of reporting, the concept of materiality is addressed by recognising what is material to be disclosed to stakeholders. The study evaluates how agribusinesses have incorporated the proposed material topics of the new GRI 13 sector standard into their current reporting practices. A qualitative content analysis was done to identify the presence or absence of the 34 proposed material topics in their reports. The findings indicate a distinct lack of harmonisation in the agri‐food sector disclosures. Topics hardly mentioned included the rights of indigenous people, living income, and climate adaptation. Low disclosures of the keywords Climate adaptation with 3.3% and Climate resilience with 7.0% on average, for all three countries, were reported. It is recommended that the newly proposed GRI 13 sector standard must be implemented as companies can seize this opportunity for increased transparency and gain a strategic advantage. Emphasis on the materiality concept is needed as it connects with the stakeholder theory to disclose only important information.
Neostigmine and atropine as a treatment for postdural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section: A case report
Authors: Shrestha Indra Kumar , Chalise Rupak , Poudel Saroj , Regmi Ashim , Ghimire Anup , Khadka Bikash , Khanal Kishor 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical messageNeostigmine and atropine offer a promising treatment option for postdural puncture headache (PDPH) following spinal anesthesia in cesarean section, providing effective relief with a favorable risk–benefit profile.AbstractPostdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common consequence of cesarean section surgeries after spinal anesthesia. This case study describes the successful treatment of PDPH with intravenous neostigmine and atropine. A 31 years female who underwent elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia developed a severe headache on the 6th postoperative day and was diagnosed to have PDPH. PDPH failed to respond to conventional treatment modalities like hydration, a Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, and sphenopalatine ganglion block. Epidural blood patch could not be performed due to lack of consent. A trial dose of intravenous neostigmine (20 mcg/kg) along with atropine (10 mcg/kg) successfully provided symptomatic and clinical relief. The combination of neostigmine and atropine demonstrates a rapid onset of action, providing patients with effective analgesia while avoiding the need for invasive procedures such as epidural blood patches and offers quicker pain relief. This promising result warrants additional research.
Rhabdomyolysis as cause, consequence, or mimicker of myocardial infarction: A case report
Authors: Nasello Marina , Ippolito Mariachiara , Federico Antonino , Ronga Fiammetta , Di Fede Antonino , Campanella Salvatore , Accetta Sara , Gargano Alessandra , Scrudato Giulia Lo , Urso Lucrezia , Giarratano Antonino , Cortegiani Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageA timely diagnosis is essential to start appropriate therapy and to reduce risks of life‐threatening complications of rhabdomyolysis. Some cases can undergo differential diagnosis with other clinical conditions, e.g., myocardial infarction.AbstractWe present the case of a 65‐years‐old male who was admitted to the emergency department with a clinical presentation related to myocardial infarction. The patient underwent coronary angioplasty and was then admitted to ICU due to hemodynamical instability, elevated potassium levels, and anuria. Further investigations revealed rhabdomyolysis. The patient received vasopressors, oxygenation support and renal replacement therapy. Outcomes at ICU discharge were favorable. The temporal association between rhabdomyolysis and myocardial infarction, together with an unclear pathophysiological relationship, made differential diagnosis difficult. We discuss this uncertainty in light of published literature.
An antioxidative potential‐based comparison of different peanut extraction methods, optimized through response surface methodology
Authors: Jitrangsri Kritamorn , Chaidedgumjorn Amornrut , Satiraphan Malai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this research, response surface methodology was employed in order to find the most efficient conditions to produce peanut extracts with the highest antioxidative potential (by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC tests) from ultrasound‐assisted (UAE) and microwave‐assisted (MAE) extractions. The optimal conditions for UAE were 75 ml of 30%v/v ethanol as extraction solvent, extraction temperature of 65°C, and 180 min extraction time. Optimal conditions for MAE were 15 ml of 30%v/v ethanol as extraction solvent, extraction temperature of 80°C, and 90 s extraction time. The generated models presented a reliable antioxidative response by showing non‐difference between experimental and predicted values within a 95% confidence level. Characteristics such as antioxidant activities, TPC, resveratrol, and TFC were used to compare the effectiveness of the obtained extracts and the SLE extract from our previous work. The UAE extract displayed higher extraction efficiency than that of MAE in terms of higher levels of all responses (p < 0.05). Slightly lower antioxidant values of MAE might be due to the limited solvent volume used, which was five times less than that of UAE. Moreover, the high efficacy of MAE was confirmed by its extraction time, which was 120 times shorter than that of UAE. Ultimately, the correlation analysis implied that the antioxidant activity of peanut extracts was contributed by TPC rather than resveratrol or TFC, and the revealed TPC in this study was higher than previous reports.
A Metal‐Free Molecular Ferroelectric [4‐Me‐cyclohexylamine]ClO4 Introduced by Boat and Chair Conformations of Cyclohexylamine
Authors: Zhang Haina , Guo Wenjing , Du Wenqing , Peng Ziqin , Wei Zhenhong , Cai Hu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganic ferroelectrics have received a great deal of interest due to their exclusive properties. However, organic ferroelectrics have not been fully explored, which hinders their practical application. Here, we presented a novel metal‐free organic molecular ferroelectric [4‐MCHA][ClO4] (1) (4‐MCHA=trans‐4‐methylcyclohexylamine), which exhibits an above‐room‐temperature of 328 K. Strikingly, the single crystal structure analysis of 1 shows that the driving force of phase transition is related to the interesting chair‐boat conformation change of 4‐MCHA cation, in addition to the order‐disorder transition of ClO4− anion. Using piezoelectric response force microscopy (PFM), the presence of domains and the implemented polarization switching were clearly observed, which explicitly determined the presence of room‐temperature ferroelectricity of 1. As far as we know, the ferroelectric phase transition mechanism attributed to the conformational change in a trans isomeric cation is very rare. This research enriched the path of designing ferroelectric materials and smart materials.
Engineering the future of 3D pathology
Authors: Liu Jonathan TC , Chow Sarah SL , Colling Richard , Downes Michelle R , Farré Xavier , Humphrey Peter , Janowczyk Andrew , Mirtti Tuomas , Verrill Clare , Zlobec Inti , True Lawrence D 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, technological advances in tissue preparation, high‐throughput volumetric microscopy, and computational infrastructure have enabled rapid developments in nondestructive 3D pathology, in which high‐resolution histologic datasets are obtained from thick tissue specimens, such as whole biopsies, without the need for physical sectioning onto glass slides. While 3D pathology generates massive datasets that are attractive for automated computational analysis, there is also a desire to use 3D pathology to improve the visual assessment of tissue histology. In this perspective, we discuss and provide examples of potential advantages of 3D pathology for the visual assessment of clinical specimens and the challenges of dealing with large 3D datasets (of individual or multiple specimens) that pathologists have not been trained to interpret. We discuss the need for artificial intelligence triaging algorithms and explainable analysis methods to assist pathologists or other domain experts in the interpretation of these novel, often complex, large datasets.
Efficient approximation of cardiac mechanics through reduced‐order modeling with deep learning‐based operator approximation
Authors: Cicci Ludovica , Fresca Stefania , Manzoni Andrea , Quarteroni Alfio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReducing the computational time required by high‐fidelity, full‐order models (FOMs) for the solution of problems in cardiac mechanics is crucial to allow the translation of patient‐specific simulations into clinical practice. Indeed, while FOMs, such as those based on the finite element method, provide valuable information on the cardiac mechanical function, accurate numerical results can be obtained at the price of very fine spatio‐temporal discretizations. As a matter of fact, simulating even just a few heartbeats can require up to hours of wall time on high‐performance computing architectures. In addition, cardiac models usually depend on a set of input parameters that are calibrated in order to explore multiple virtual scenarios. To compute reliable solutions at a greatly reduced computational cost, we rely on a reduced basis method empowered with a new deep learning‐based operator approximation, which we refer to as Deep‐HyROMnet technique. Our strategy combines a projection‐based POD‐Galerkin method with deep neural networks for the approximation of (reduced) nonlinear operators, overcoming the typical computational bottleneck associated with standard hyper‐reduction techniques employed in reduced‐order models (ROMs) for nonlinear parametrized systems. This method can provide extremely accurate approximations to parametrized cardiac mechanics problems, such as in the case of the complete cardiac cycle in a patient‐specific left ventricle geometry. In this respect, a 3D model for tissue mechanics is coupled with a 0D model for external blood circulation; active force generation is provided through an adjustable parameter‐dependent surrogate model as input to the tissue 3D model. The proposed strategy is shown to outperform classical projection‐based ROMs, in terms of orders of magnitude of computational speed‐up, and to return accurate pressure‐volume loops in both physiological and pathological cases. Finally, an application to a forward uncertainty quantification analysis, unaffordable if relying on a FOM, is considered, involving output quantities of interest such as, for example, the ejection fraction or the maximal rate of change in pressure in the left ventricle.
Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women in Urmia, Iran, about oral health care during pregnancy
Authors: Seyyedi Seyyed Amir , Asadollahi Afsoon , Dalirsani Zohreh , Abdollahzadegan Zahra , Rezaei Mahla 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesPhysiological changes during pregnancy make mothers susceptible to periodontal diseases, in particular gingivitis, which could be prevented by good oral hygiene. Therefore, their knowledge and attitude could affect their oral hygiene and general health. This study therefore aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding oral hygiene, of pregnant women living in a city in Iran.Material and MethodsIt was a cross‐sectional study that was performed in Urmia City in 2019. After completing an informed consent form, pregnant women completed a specially designed questionnaire, which included questions on demographic characteristics and assessed participants' knowledge and attitude about oral health care during pregnancy. A clinical examination of each participant's oral cavity was performed and dental plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and number of decayed, missed, filled teeth (DMFT) index were recorded. Any correlations between participants' knowledge and attitude and oral health indices were evaluated. A paired t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were employed for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 96 pregnant women (mean age of 29.11 ± 6.80 years) participated in this study. Among them, 67 had a moderate level of knowledge. There was no significant correlation between participants' knowledge, and attitude levels and educational level (p = .88 and p = .43, respectively). Also, there was no correlation between knowledge and attitude levels and GI, PI, and DMFT (p > .05).ConclusionsThis study showed that the knowledge and attitude of the pregnant women who participated were not favorable and their oral hygiene needed to be improved.
Send nudis: An assessment of nudibranch diversity in Sodwana Bay, South Africa
Authors: Garner L. , Oosthuizen C. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate change is posing unprecedented pressure onto marine ecosystems worldwide. This makes it imperative to monitor the effects that are being experienced in these environments. Nudibranchs are benthic marine organisms that possess characteristics that have the potential to act as indicators of change within ecosystems such as coral reefs. Therefore, these species have the ability to provide valuable information on fine‐scale changes in environmental conditions. It is thus essential for studies, such as this, to establish baseline analyses from which changes within nudibranch populations can be examined in order to investigate their ability to act as bioindicators. Recommendations can also be made for future sampling procedures through investigating environmental and experimental parameters that influence nudibranch communities. Nudibranch populations were sampled on Two‐Mile Reef in Sodwana Bay, South Africa, through SCUBA where individuals were photographed and later identified. Data were collected within a sample‐based dataset, as well as by citizen scientists within an incidence‐based dataset. Across both datasets, a total of 85 species were identified. Nudibranch populations showed high levels of diversity within an uneven, unstable community. Citizen scientist data provided imperative information to the baseline assessment and, therefore, the inclusion of these data increased the robustness of this study. Environmental and experimental variables investigated did not influence the outcomes of this study and should therefore not be heavily focused on in designing future experiments. Future monitoring studies should continue to record oceanic pH in order to detect any possible changes due to ocean acidification. It is recommended that sampling events should be increased in order to capture all species present in these localities. These events should also encompass an extended temporal scale in order to cover a larger temperature range. Research on bioindicators is essential within today's rapidly changing climate, mainly due to human activities, particularly within an extremely vulnerable habitats such as coral reefs.
Recovering from trampling: The role of dauciform roots to functional traits response of Carex filispica in alpine meadow
Authors: Fan Rong , Liu Wanting , Jiang Songlin , Huang Yulin , Ji Wenli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the natural habitats of China, dauciform roots were only described in degraded alpine meadows. It was found that the presence of dauciform roots of Carex filispica was related to the advantage of multiple functional traits after trampling, reflecting short‐term resistance. However, the long‐term response of dauciform roots to trampling and the recovery of C. filispica with and without dauciform roots to trampling require further studies. In this study, different intensities of trampling (0, 50, 200 and 500 passages) were performed in an alpine meadow. One year later, individuals with and without dauciform roots were separated and their functional traits related to the economic spectrum of leaves and roots were measured as a reflection of recovery from trampling. The results showed that: (1) 1 year after trampling, the number of dauciform roots showed an increase with trampling intensity; (2) 1 year later, there was no significant difference in the response of economic spectrum traits among trampling intensities, or between plants with and without dauciform roots; (3) the number of dauciform roots was positively correlated with the leaf area of both individuals with and without dauciform roots, as well as with the biomass of those without dauciform roots; and (4) plants with more resource‐conservative roots showed an advantage after trampling recovery: specifically, plants with dauciform roots showed such an advantage in the control group, which was lost with a leaning towards resource‐acquisitive roots and an increased density of dauciform roots once trampled. In contrast, plants without dauciform roots showed a significant advantage of conservative roots only after trampling. In conclusion, the presence of dauciform roots is related to the plants' position on the root economic spectrum, thereby influencing the recovery of C. filispica from trampling. Carex filispica showed strong recovery from trampling after 1 year, which makes it an adequate choice for ecological restoration in alpine meadows. Dauciform roots showed a positive correlation with the aboveground growth of both plants with and without them, however, it requires a lab‐controlled study to confirm whether there is indeed a positive effect on the growth of neighbouring plants.