bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human cytomegalovirus a sequence and UL144 variability in strains from infected children
Authors: Bale James F. , Petheram Susan J. , Robertson Margaret , Murph Jody R. , Demmler Gail 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) displays genetic polymorphisms. This variability may contribute to strain‐specific tissue tropism and disease expression in HCMV‐infected humans. To determine strain variability in a sequence and UL144 gene regions, 51 low‐passage isolates from 44 HCMV‐infected children were studied. Isolates were obtained from 28 healthy children attending child care centers in Iowa and from 16 congenitally infected infants born in Texas. Isolates demonstrated substantial nucleotide variation in each gene region. Phylogenetic analysis of a sequence variability allowed 39 isolates to be grouped into six clades. The largest clade contained 16 isolates with ≥ 95% nucleotide homology. Forty‐eight of the 49 HCMV isolates yielding UL144 amplicons was grouped according to the clades described a few years ago [Lurain et al. (1999) Journal of Virology 73:10040–10050]. No linkage was observed among a sequence, UL144, and glycoprotein B (gB; UL55) polymorphisms. Four Texas and 11 Iowa isolates displayed ≥ 95% sequence homology for a sequence and UL144 regions and possessed identical gB genotypes. No relationship between UL144 polymorphisms and outcome of congenital HCMV infection was observed. These data indicate that HCMV strains circulating among young children have UL144 polymorphisms similar to those of HCMV strains excreted by immunocompromised adults. Identification of conserved nucleotide sequences among Iowa and Texas children suggests genetic stability and biologic importance of these gene regions. J. Med. Virol. 65:90–96, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of human enteroviruses in clinical samples: Comparison between VP2, VP1, and RNA polymerase regions using RT nested PCR assays and direct sequencing of products
Authors: Casas I. , Palacios G.F. , Trallero G. , Cisterna D. , Freire M.C. , Tenorio A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThree nested RT‐PCR assays were developed to permit sensitive typing of enteroviruses directly from clinical samples. These assays amplified short fragments from different genomic regions codifying for three proteins: VP2, VP1, and RNA polymerase. Given that enteroviruses have a high rate of degeneration within target codons among serotypes, the primers used consisted of mixed base and deoxyinosine residues. These techniques detected at 0.03–0.003 TCID50 of prototype Poliovirus 1 and Echovirus 30. They were used to characterize the enteroviral RNA detected in 18 CSF, stool, and throw swab samples and in 8 enterovirus isolates from patients with several syndromes. Phylogenetic analysis in each independent sequenced region grouped the enterovirus into four clusters, enabling genetic classification. A comparative study was performed among the 26 sequences obtained after direct sequencing of products with those available in the nucleotide databases. The efficiency of each assay for enterovirus identification was evaluated by both distance (Clustal) and similarity (M‐NW) indices. Comparative results obtained independently in the three regions showed the highest yield of correlation between nucleotide sequences of all prototype serotypes and the analyzed genotypes in the VP1 region (26/26, 100% Clustal; 22/26, 85% M‐NW). Conversely, the VP2 region failed to identify some of the circulating enteroviruses (17/26, 65% Clustal; 16/26, 62% M‐NW). Using the RNA polymerase region, sequences from samples and isolates were associated with prototype strains whenever these were available (20/21, 95% Clustal; 12/21, 57% M‐NW). These assays were useful for molecular identification of enterovirus directly from samples even when isolation was not possible. J. Med. Virol. 65:138–148, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 in women with cervical neoplasia
Authors: Marais Dianne J. , Best Jennifer M. , Rose Robert C. , Keating Patrick , Soeters Robbert , Denny Lynnette , Dehaeck Catherine M.C. , Nevin James , Kay Patti , Passmore Jo‐Ann , Williamson Anna‐Lise 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV‐16) antibodies detected in oral fluid from women with cervical neoplasia, their HPV‐16 antibody seroprevalence, and their cervical HPV‐16 DNA presence. Cervical HPV‐16 DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 43.2% (35/81) of these women. The prevalence of IgG and IgA antibodies to HPV‐16 virus‐like particles (VLP‐16) in oral fluid and was investigated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Anti‐VLP‐16 IgA antibodies were detected in oral fluid from 54.3% (44/81) of women with cervical neoplasia, compared with 8% (3/36) in controls (P = 0.000002). Anti‐VLP‐16 IgG was detected in oral fluid from 43.2.9% (25/72) and 13.3% (4/30; P = 0.029), respectively. Women who were HPV‐16 DNA positive at their cervical lesion, displayed an oral fluid anti‐VLP‐16 IgA prevalence of 60.7% (17/28) and HPV‐16 DNA negative women an oral fluid anti‐VLP‐16 IgA prevalence of 50% (20/40; P = 0.38). Oral fluid anti‐VLP‐16 IgG prevalence in HPV‐16 DNA positive women was 28.6% (8/28) compared with 40% (16/40) in oral fluid from HPV‐16 DNA negative women (P = 0.3). Amongst HPV‐16 DNA positive women, the anti‐VLP‐16 IgG seroprevalence was 75% (21/28) and IgA seroprevalence 35.7% (10/28) and for the HPV‐16 DNA negative women these values were 60% (24/40) and 32.5% (13/40), respectively. Oral IgA antibody testing proved no more sensitive than serum antibody detection for the determination of HPV infection but could be useful as a non‐invasive screening method for women with cervical neoplasia and for estimating the mucosal antibody response to HPV vaccines. J. Med. Virol. 65:149–154, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of expression of the MHC class I‐binding natural killer cell receptors, and NK activity in relation to viral load in HIV‐infected/AIDS patients
Authors: Ahmad Rasheed , Sindhu Sardar T.A.K. , Tran Phay , Toma Emil , Morisset Richard , Menezes José , Ahmad Ali 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in viral infections via their spontaneous cytolytic activity against virus‐infected cells as well as via secreting a variety of soluble mediators. The MHC class I‐binding NK receptors of these cells have emerged as the most important regulators of the effector activities of cytolytic cells (both NK and CTL). We have studied the modulation of NK activity and the expression of NK receptors in HIV‐infected/AIDS patients and report here that the NK activities of the patients with the lowest plasma HIV load were minimal and vice versa, suggesting a decrease in this activity following suppression of HIV replication. Interestingly, the NK activity correlated negatively with the peripheral blood CD4+ T‐cell counts of these patients. Furthermore, these patients showed decreased percentages of CD56+ cells expressing NK receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily, whereas the percentages of CD8+ cells expressing these receptors were increased. Moreover, the expression of C‐type lectin‐like NK receptor‐associated invariant molecule CD94 was increased on CD8+ cells in these patients as compared with HIV‐seronegative controls. These changes in the expression of NK receptors were also evident within groups of these patients having different viral loads. These results show, for the first time, decreased innate immunity and changes in the expression of NK receptors on cytolytic cells in relation to viral burden in HIV‐infected/AIDS patient. J. Med. Virol. 65:431–440, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resistance profile and cross‐resistance of HIV‐1 among patients failing a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐containing regimen*
Authors: Delaugerre C. , Rohban R. , Simon A. , Mouroux M. , Tricot C. , Agher R. , Huraux J.M. , Katlama C. , Calvez V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe objectives were to determine the resistance profile and the rate of cross‐resistance in HIV‐1 infected patients failing an efavirenz or a nevirapine or a nevirapine then efavirenz containing regimens, and to investigate if zidovudine and more generally thymidine analog nucleosides lead to a particular genotypic pattern in nevirapine failing patients. A study was conducted in 104 patients with virological rebound to a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) regimen (efavirenz n = 39, nevirapine n = 46 and nevirapine then efavirenz n = 19). Genotypic resistance testing was carried out of detectable plasma HIV‐1 RNA (> 200 copies/ml). Among the 104 patients studied, only two patients failed to respond to the nevirapine regimen without selection of a NNRTI resistance mutation. All patients failing an efavirenz regimen harboured mutations conferring cross‐resistance to nevirapine (K103N, Y188L, G190S). Among patients failing the nevirapine regimen and presenting with NNRTI mutations, 35 (80%) harboured mutations conferring cross‐resistance to efavirenz (K101E, K103N, Y188L) and 9 (20%) harboured mutations conferring resistance to nevirapine alone (V106A and Y181C). In patients failing nevirapine then efavirenz therapy, all NNRTI resistance profile led to cross‐resistance to all available NNRTIs. Among patients receiving nevirapine, the selection of mutations associated with a cross‐resistance to efavirenz was more frequent statistically when a thymidine nucleoside analog (zidovudine or stavudine) was used in the regimen (P = 0.02). In conclusion, 100% of patients developed cross‐resistance to nevirapine and efavirenz after treatment by efavirenz and 80% after treatment by nevirapine. The use of a thymidine analog concomitantly with nevirapine leads to the preferential selection of cross‐resistance NNRTI mutations. J. Med. Virol. 65:445–448, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation during cytotoxic chemotherapy‐enhanced viral replication precedes overt hepatitis
Authors: Yeo Winnie , Chan Paul K.S. , Chan Henry L.Y. , Mo Frankie K.F. , Johnson Philip J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe diagnosis of HBV reactivation during cytotoxic chemotherapy is based on an abrupt rise in levels of serum HBV DNA in conjunction with a hepatitic picture and in the absence of other causes of hepatitis. However, several cases of “hepatitis” have been noted during chemotherapy in HBsAg‐positive patients, for which no cause could be found and in which HBV DNA levels were negative. One possible explanation is that HBV reactivation may, indeed, have been the cause but that HBV DNA levels became negative by the time ALT levels peaked and the clinical diagnosis of hepatitis was made. During the course of a longitudinal study of HBsAg‐seropositive cancer patients who were monitored during standard chemotherapy, the opportunity was available to test this hypothesis. J. Med. Virol. 65:473–477, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning and expression of woodchuck granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor*
Authors: Wu Hui‐Lin , Chen Pei‐Jer , Lin Hua‐Kuo , Lee Ren‐Shiang , Lin Hsiu‐Lin , Liu Chun‐Jen , Lee Pi‐Jen , Lee Jihjong J. , Chen Ding‐Shinn 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGranulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) has immunoregulatory and antiviral effects, and may thus be promising for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Using woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)‐infected woodchuck as an animal model to test the efficacy and safety of GM‐CSF on the therapy of chronic hepatitis B, woodchuck GM‐CSF will be required due to the apparent species‐specific activity of GM‐CSF. The cDNA of woodchuck GM‐CSF was cloned using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with primers deriving from highly conserved regions of GM‐CSF genes from other species. The deduced amino acids, including the signal peptide, is 138 in length and its identities to human, murine, canine and bovine GM‐CSFs are 63, 49, 63, and 63% respectively. The genomic DNA of woodchuck GM‐CSF was also cloned by PCR. Its organization is highly homologous to that of human and murine GM‐CSF genes, consisting of four exons and three introns. Cloned woodchuck GM‐CSF was expressed transiently in 293T cells. The recombinant protein expressed was found to stimulate the growth and differentiation of woodchuck bone marrow cells, indicating the protein expressed by the cloned gene is functional. These results pave the way for future studies on the potential role of GM‐CSF for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B by using this animal model. J. Med. Virol. 65:567–575, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human herpesvirus 6 downregulates major histocompatibility complex class I in dendritic cells
Authors: Hirata Yuko , Kondo Kazuhiro , Yamanishi Koichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, class II, CD1a, and CD 83 in dendritic cells (DCs) after infection with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) was examined. Whereas there was no significant change in the expression of CD1a, CD83, and MHC class II in infected DCs, MHC class I expression was downregulated after infection with HHV‐6 variant A but not HHV‐6B. The expression of HHV‐6 immediate‐early or early genes was required for the downregulation of MHC class I. The de novo synthesis of MHC class I was greatly suppressed by infection with HHV‐6A in DCs, while its rate of degradation was only slightly elevated. These results suggest that HHV‐6A may escape from the host immune system in DCs by causing the downregulation of MHC class I synthesis. J. Med. Virol. 65:576–583, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative study of the infection in brain neurons in human rabies
Authors: Jackson Alan C. , Ye Hongtao , Ridaura‐Sanz Cecilia , Lopez‐Corella Eduardo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRabies virus is a highly neuronotropic virus that causes encephalomyelitis. Rabies virus infection was studied in neurons in the brain of an 8‐year‐old girl that died of rabies in Mexico. The extent of the neuronal infection was evaluated quantitatively in neuronal cell types of the brain using histologic staining for Negri bodies and immunoperoxidase staining for rabies virus antigen in the same neurons. Quantitative image analysis was used to compare the amount of infection in five different neuronal cell types, which was expressed as a percentage of neuronal area. Purkinje cells and periaqueductal gray neurons showed the largest percentage area for both Negri bodies and signal for rabies virus antigen. In general, there was a good linear relationship between the area of Negri bodies and the area of signal for rabies virus antigen. Many neurons with rabies virus antigen did not have Negri bodies, however, and some neurons with large antigen signals, especially Purkinje cells and periaqueductal gray neurons, lacked Negri bodies. Formation of Negri bodies is likely influenced by factors that vary in different neuronal cell types. J. Med. Virol. 65:614–618, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of human rotavirus serotype G9 isolated in Japan and Thailand from 1995 to 1997
Authors: Zhou Yumei , Supawadee Jirapon , Khamwan Chantana , Tonusin Supin , Peerakome Supatra , Kim Bosu , Kaneshi Kunio , Ueda Yuichi , Nakaya Shigekazu , Akatani Kaoru , Maneekarn Niwat , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSerotyping of human rotavirus was conducted in 396 Japanese and 100 Thai rotavirus‐positive fecal specimens collected from 1995 to 1997. Serotype G9 was found to be the third most common serotype with frequency of 16.2% in Thailand from 1996 to 1997. It was also detected in Japan with a low frequency (0.7%) in this year. The genetic analyses of VP4 and NSP4 genes of these G9 strains showed that 1 strain from Japan possessed P[8] genotype and NSP4 Wa‐group with long electropherotpe (e‐type). In contrast, 5 strains from Thailand belonged to P[6] and 1 strain belonged to P[4]. All of the Thai strains were in the NSP4 KUN‐group with a short e‐type. Sequence analysis of their VP7 gene revealed that there was the highest homology among fecal G9 strains (> 96.3%, amino acid identity) and a relatively high degree of homology to standard viruses, F45 from Japan (95.4–96.3%, amino acid identity) and 116E from India (92–92.3%, amino acid identity). However, immunological analysis using G9 specific monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against VP7 protein showed that the G9 strains isolated from the two countries had different antigenic specificity. It was confirmed further by intraserotypical phylogenetic analysis of VP7 amino acid. These results indicated that the prevalence of G9 rotavirus in 1996–1997 in Thailand was relative to the continuing recent emergence of it on a worldwide basis, while the Japanese G9 strain isolated in this survey was identified to have progenitors common to the F45 strain that was prevalent in 1985 in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of VP7 amino acid of G1‐14 prototype rotavirus showed that the G9 strains were most closely related to the equine G14 rotavirus FI23 strain but G3 strains, interserotypically. These findings suggest that G9 rotaviruses might be divided into two or more subtypes. J. Med. Virol. 65:619–628, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction of the pancreatic duct after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A modification of the Whipple procedure
Authors: Katsaragakis Stylianos , Antonakis Pantelis , Konstadoulakis Manousos M. , Androulakis George 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Pancreaticoduodenectomy is still associated with high morbidity and mortality even though there has been significant progress in the field of pancreatic surgery and postoperative follow‐up. The pancreatoenteric anastomosis, regardless of the technique used, is a major cause for both morbidity and mortality after Whipple procedure. To overcome all problems resulting from anastomotic leakage, we used external drainage of the pancreatic duct.Methods:In 24 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our Department from 1986 to 1995, a modification to the standard Whipple procedure was performed. Instead of pancreaticoenteric anastomosis, external drainage of the pancreatic duct remnant was performed. The pancreatic duct was intubated with a silastic tube, the external end of which was sutured to the skin. All patients received substitution therapy with pancreatic enzymes.Results:Mortality in our group of patients was 4%. No complications due to the external drainage of the pancreatic duct were reported, while no patient developed diabetes mellitus after surgery.Conclusions:External drainage of the pancreatic duct remnant can be used alternatively to pancreatoenteric anastomosis after pancreatoduodenectomy. The technique is safe and simple to perform and appears to reduce overall operative time. It may be an option for patients with significant comorbidity and/or intraoperative hemodynamic instability which mandates expeditious completion of the operation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:26–29. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell proliferative activity and expression of cell‐cell adhesion factors (E‐cadherin, α‐, β‐, and γ‐catenin, and p120) in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kuroiwa Kentaro , Konomoto Tatsuo , Kumazawa Joichi , Naito Seiji , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSarcomatoid RCC (renal cell carcinoma) is an uncommon, but not rare, neoplasm which has been shown to have a much worse prognosis than common RCC. The current study was designed to investigate the association of proliferative activity and cell‐cell adhesion molecules with sarcomatoid RCC.MethodsProliferative activity (Ki‐67 labeling index) and expression of cell‐cell adhesion associated molecules (E‐cadherin, α‐, β‐, and γ‐catenin, and p120) were examined using immunohistochemical techniques in 11 cases of sarcomatoid RCC.ResultsIn six patients with sarcomatous component more than 50%, five were died within 24 month after diagnosis. The expression of these molecules within the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components of sarcomatoid RCC was compared. The mean Ki‐67 labeling index in the sarcomatous components (12.6%) is statistically higher than in the carcinomatous components (3.7%) (P < 0.05). The expressions of E‐cadherin, and α‐, β‐, and γ‐catenin were statistically decreased in the sarcomatous components compared to the carcinomatous components. However, no differences were observed regarding p120 immunostaining.ConclusionsThe findings of the current study suggest that the range of the sarcomatous component may be a prognostic factor in RCC, and the malignant behavior of sarcomatoid RCC is due to high cell proliferative activity and decreased expressions of E‐cadherin and α‐, β‐, and γ‐catenin in the sarcomatous component. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:123–131. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of the reaction Fe(CN)4(bpy)2− + S2O82− in Sulfobetaine Aqueous Micellar Solutions
Authors: Del Mar Graciani María , Rodríguez Amalia , Múñoz María , Moyá María Luisa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe reaction Fe(CN)4(bpy)2− + S2O82− has been studied in aqueous micellar solutions of N‐tetradecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate, SB3‐14. The influence of changes in the surfactant concentration as well as in the peroxodisulfate ions concentration on kobs was investigated. Spectroscopic and conductivity measurements have given information about the distribution of both anionic reagents between the aqueous and micellar pseudophases of the SB3‐14 micellar solutions. A discussion about the adequacy of various equations based on the pseudophase model to rationalize kinetic micellar effects for anion‐anion reactions in sulfobetaine micellar solutions has been done. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 225–231, 2001
Discrimination between strain and temperature with a single fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Guan Bai‐Ou , Tam Hwa‐Yaw , Chan Helen L. W. , Choy Chung‐Loong , Demokan Muhtesem Süleyman 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA new scheme is proposed for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement with a single‐fiber Bragg grating. The grating sensor was written on the splice joint between two fibers and has two resonance peaks because of the different refractive index between the two fibers. By bonding one section of the grating onto the substrate of large thermal expansion coefficient, the two resonance peaks exhibit different strain and temperature response and can thus be used for strain/temperature discrimination. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 200–202, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10275
Picosecond chirped‐pulse amplification in traveling‐wave semiconductor optical amplifiers
Authors: Lin Gong‐Ru , Lee Shih‐Kai , Lin Gong‐Chen , Lin Kuei‐Huei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe characteristics of traveling‐wave semiconductor optical amplifiers (TWSOAs) used for the picosecond pulse amplification process are discussed. The distortion of a multigigabit chirped optical pulse train generated from gain‐switched optical transmitters due to a saturation of output power and a gain of TWSOAs is analyzed. The optimized injection current and operating temperature of TWSOAs in amplification of picosecond negatively chirped optical pulses are determined. The shortest optical pulse is found to broaden from 21 ps to 30 ps after amplification by TWSOA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 202–207, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10276