bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of African Mahogany Wood Commercially Available in the United States
Authors: França Tamara S.F.A. , França Frederico J.N. , Arango Rachel A. , Costa Adriana , Ogunruku Mercy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The wood of African mahogany (Khaya spp.) is known for its high quality and similarity to the more expensive Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King). Interest in African mahogany has been increasing because of the reduced availability of native Brazilian mahogany, which has become illegal to harvest. Most African mahogany comes from managed plantations, so the increased consumption of this wood helps to alleviate issues related to illegal harvesting by reducing the trade of Brazilian mahogany. African mahogany has also been gaining popularity in the United States, particularly for use in the wood flooring market. However, there is lack of technical information on the properties of African mahogany material available in the US market, therefore, the objective of this work was to describe anatomical features, evaluate physical–mechanical properties and examine natural resistance of African mahogany wood that is commercially available in the US market. The results of this research provides an increase in knowledge on African mahogany wood properties, natural resistance, and provides technical information that is needed by industry.
The Scottish Parliament and the Monarchy in the Context of Absentee Monarchy and the Anglo-Scottish Dynastic Union, 1603-1707
Authors: Young John R. 
Published: January 2024

The 1603 Union of the Crowns marked a diplomatic, dynastic and political triumph for the Scottish royal family, the House of Stewart. James VI, King of Scotland, succeeded Elizabeth I as the monarch of England as James I of England. The Anglo-Scottish dynastic union came into existence, but Scotland and England remained independent kingdoms with their own respective institutional infrastructures. The mother of James VI, Mary, Queen of Scots, had a strong dynastic claim to succeed to the English throne instead of Elizabeth I and she remained a perennial thorn in the side of the English body politic until her execution in England in 1587. Her stubborn adherence to her devout personal Catholicism, her legitimate right to succeed to the English throne in the eyes of many English Catholics and Catholic Spain, and her perceived involvement in international Catholic plots to assassinate Elizabeth ultimately ensured that her removal as a political and dynastic threat could only be implemented by her execution. What took place in 1603, therefore, was a Stewart succession in England, but this was a Protestant male succession as opposed to a Catholic female succession.
Gelebter Parlamentarismus - die ABGB-Reform im liechtensteinischen Landtag
Authors: Berger Elisabeth 
Published: January 2024

„Rezeption ist ein Faktum!” Mit diesen Worten argumentierte der Leiter des Justizressorts Walter Kieber 1971 im liechtensteinischen Landtag, der damals am Beginn einer umfassenden Justizrechtsreform stand. Er verwies damit auf eine zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits mehr als 150-jährige Rezeptionsgeschichte, die als Beweis dafür dienen sollte, dass an der Rezeption ausländischen Rechts auch in Zukunft kein Weg vorbeiführen werde.
Die Rezeptionsgeschichte begann mit der Rezeption3 des österreichischen Allgemeinen bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs von 1811 sowie weiterer österreichischer Gesetze mittels Fürstlicher Verordnung vom 18. Februar 1812. Mit diesem Schritt vertiefte das seit 1806 souveräne Fürstentum Liechtenstein seine Beziehungen zu seinem östlichen Nachbarland, die zu einem Gutteil auf der engen Verbindung seines Fürstenhauses mit dem österreichischen Kaiserhaus beruhten. Auf die 1819 veranlasste „automatische” Übernahme österreichischen Rechts - d.h. dass alle zu den rezipierten Gesetzen erlassenen Erläuterungen und Nachtragsverordnungen ohne weiteren Rechtsakt auch in Liechtenstein in Kraft traten - folgte ab 1843 die „autonome” Rezeption österreichischen Rechts. Das bedeutete, dass zwar weiterhin rezipiert wurde, aber nicht mehr wie bisher pauschal und unverändert, sondern mit Modifikationen und Anpassungen und zudem oft erst mit erheblicher zeitlicher Verzögerung. Zu der mit der Rezeption der wichtigsten Justizgesetze geschaffenen engen Anbindung Liechtensteins an Österreich kamen noch weitere verbindende Elemente hinzu. Mehr als ein Jahrhundert lang - von 1818 bis 1922 - fungierte das für Tirol und Vorarlberg zuständige Appellationsgericht und spätere Oberlandesgericht in Innsbruck als Höchstgericht in liechtensteinischen Zivilund Strafsachen und sorgte solchermaßen für die Aufrechterhaltung der Rechtsübereinstimmung. Mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert lang - von 1852 bis 1919 - schuf die zwischen den beiden Nachbarländern bestehende Zollunion ein enges wirtschaftliches Naheverhältnis, das durch eine gemeinsame Währung und ein einheitliches Postwesen ergänzt wurde. Diese engen rechtlichen und wirtschaftlichen Verflechtungen zwischen den beiden Nachbarstaaten ließen Liechtenstein nach außen nicht wie einen souveränen Staat, sondern eher wie eine „österreichische Provinz” erscheinen.
La bulle « Coelestis pater familias » du pape Boniface VIII et le parlement d'une ville des Marches
Authors: Bernardi Simonetta 
Published: January 2024

Le panorama institutionnel des Marches entre le XIIIe et le XIVe siècle est dans une phase de plein développement comme le démontre de façon évidente la riche documentation qui nous reste. Des inventaires des archives de nombreuses communes nous constatons, en effet, combien à partir du début du XIIIe siècle les fonds de parchemins sont de plus en plus importants. C’est le signe indubitable que dans la culture commune s’était manifestée la nécessité de documenter, enregistrer, donner une trace légale à chaque manifestation, chaque activité : régler, en bref, selon des schémas officiels tout acte de la vie publique et privée.
La législation de Cingoli au XIVe siècle est composée de deux rédactions statutaires complètes datant de 1325 et de 1364 et également d’une série de fragments et additiones qui répondent aux situations contingentes qui caractérisèrent la vie de la commune durant le premier siècle de son existence. De 1307 datent 52 normes qui règlent et restreignent l’exercice des pouvoirs nobiliaires: ces normes furent communément définies comme le premier statut de Cingoli qui nous soit parvenu, mais on peut plus précisément les lire comme des additiones à un statut en vigueur à l’époque, écrites à la suite des évènements contingents qui avaient mis en danger les normes juridiques de la cité. La législation statutaire de la commune de 1325 à 1356 est contenue dans un code dit « Livre rouge » qui renferme outre le statut de 1325 - l’un des plus anciens textes statutaires des Marches parvenus complets - les additiones de 1328 et de 1330 relatives à l’exploitation des forêts, au cadastre et à l’imposition de collectes et d’amendes. En 1334 furent rédigés de vrais statuts qui règlent les aspects fiscaux et administratifs de tels moyens de production.
The Warmian Dietine in the 16th–18th Centuries
Authors: Bogdan Danuta 
Published: January 2024

Warmia, within the Teutonic State, functioned as a separate judicial area administered by the “Landrichter” as well as four to twelve elected land assessors (“Landschöffen”) originating from nobility, freemen (“Freie”) and village administrators. They were, in fact, the officials constituting the core of the estate representation of the Bishopric.
The formation of the Warmian estate representation was a long-lasting process, however, it was the first quarter of the 15th century that marked its real beginning. After a defeat of the Order at Grunwald, the Teutonic State, seeking financial support, started to summon delegates from its territories to make them agree to impose taxes. It was not until 1412 that the Warmian estates appeared at all-Prussian representative forums. The first written mention of a purely Warmian estate assembly can be traced to the year 1425; however, the debate concerned matters of all the Teutonic States. It took place on the initiative of the Warmian bishop Franciszek Kuhschmalz and was thought to pass a tax to strengthen the value of the Prussian coin. The Warmian estates gave their consent under the condition that in the future Grand Masters would not be allowed to make similar demands on the bishop.
Dependency and Subservience: The Irish Parliament as a 'Small-State Parliament'
Authors: Dennehy Coleman A. 
Published: January 2024

Despite the protestations of the so called ‘Aristocratic Home-Rulers’ of the parliament of 1460 and those later such as Molyneux in 1699, the Irish parliament more often than not had a relationship with the executive in Dublin and London, and indeed the Westminster parliament which usually saw it fulfil a roll as an inferior and submissive institution within the system of government, legislation and legal jurisdiction in British and Irish government in the early modern parliament. Irish historiography has been reasonably well served by historians eager to understand what the bold declarations of Darcy, the patriot parliament of 1689, Molyneux, and indeed the Yorkist dominated parliamentarians of 1460 meant, both at the time and what it could mean in the struggle for a parliamentary independence later in the eighteenth century and afterwards. This paper will attempt to instead look at the practical development of the Irish parliament, or what Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin terms ‘the grubby actuality’, and look at where it sits in the context of Irish political development and also what role it played in the parliamentary developments of a three kingdoms history. There will be a particular focus on attempting to determine to what extent the Irish parliament can be considered a small-state parliament, or in other words to consider and evaluate to what extent there was a narrow focus of the Irish parliament in the medieval and early modern period.
Existence of normalized peak solutions for a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system
Authors: Yang Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study the following nonlinear Schrödinger system

−
Δ

u

1

+

V

1

(

x

)

u

1

=
α

u

1

u

2

+
μ

u

1

,

x
∈

R

4

,

−
Δ

u

2

+

V

2

(

x

)

u

2

=

α

2

u

1

2

+
β

u

2

2

+
μ

u

2

,

x
∈

R

4

,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta {u}_{1}+{V}_{1}\left(x){u}_{1}=\alpha {u}_{1}{u}_{2}+\mu {u}_{1},& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{4},\\ -\Delta {u}_{2}+{V}_{2}\left(x){u}_{2}=\frac{\alpha }{2}{u}_{1}^{2}+\beta {u}_{2}^{2}+\mu {u}_{2},& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{4},\end{array}\right.

with the constraint

∫

R

4

(

u

1

2

+

u

2

2

)

d
x
=
1

{\int }_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{4}}\left({u}_{1}^{2}+{u}_{2}^{2}){\rm{d}}x=1

, where

α
>
0

\alpha \gt 0

and

α
>
β

\alpha \gt \beta

,

μ
∈
R

\mu \in {\mathbb{R}}

,

V

1

(

x

)

{V}_{1}\left(x)

, and

V

2

(

x

)

{V}_{2}\left(x)

are bounded functions. Under some mild assumptions on

V

1

(

x

)

{V}_{1}\left(x)

and

V

2

(

x

)

{V}_{2}\left(x)

, we prove the existence of normalized peak solutions by using the finite dimensional reduction method, combined with the local Pohozaev identities. Because of the interspecies interaction between the components, we aim to obtain some new technical estimates.
Sensitivity-based distributed model predictive control: synchronous and asynchronous execution compared to ADMM
Authors: Pierer von Esch Maximilian , Völz Andreas , Graichen Knut 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents synchronous and asynchronous formulations of a sensitivity-based algorithm for solving distributed continuous-time nonlinear optimal control problems with a neighbor-affine structure. Sensitivities are defined in an optimal control context and utilized to ensure coordination between agents. By using delayed data in the asynchronous formulation, idle times of agents are reduced and faster execution of the algorithm is achieved. The convergence behavior w.r.t. topology and coupling strength is investigated in a numerical simulation and the execution time is evaluated on distributed hardware with communication over TCP in comparison to the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm.
Strategien für den optimalen Betrieb von Pumpspeicherkraftwerken
Authors: Jukić Domagoj-Krešimir , Kugi Andreas , Kemmetmüller Wolfgang 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit werden optimierungsbasierte Strategien vorgestellt, um einen effizienten, hochdynamischen und sicheren Betrieb von Pumpspeicherkraftwerken zu erzielen. Als Aufgabenstellungen werden der dynamische Betrieb mit einer modellprädiktiven Regelungsstrategie, die Berechnung einer optimalen Steuerung für den Notstopp, sowie die Betriebsoptimierung im Energiemarkt betrachtet. Die Resultate zeigen, dass optimierungsbasierte Strategien eine wichtige Rolle für den Betrieb von Pumpspeicherkraftwerken spielen, insbesondere für Anlagen, die aus verschiedenen Generatortypen bestehen.
Disaster resilience hybrid ring-mesh topology basics integrated PON/FSO system incorporating 2D-MFRS code
Authors: Kumari Meet , Arya Vivek 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This work proposes a hybrid ring-mesh topology basics bidirectional 4 × 40/40  Gbps integrated passive optical network/free space optics (PON/FSO) system. The system incorporates two-dimensional modified fixed right shifting (2D-MFRS) code with enhanced disaster resilience and fault protection capability especially in remote places where the primary fibre may be destroyed. The obtained results depict that proposed system supporting 250 subscribers can provides faithful hybrid 100 km fiber and 1 km FSO transmission. Also, maximum FSO range of 21 km with fixed 50 km fiber distance can be obtained concerning weak-to-strong turbulent and rain with fog weather conditions. In addition, it also offers −39 dB m receiver sensitivity and the proposed design is superb over other work.
THz quantum gap: exploring potential approaches for generating and detecting non-classical states of THz light
Authors: Todorov Yanko , Dhillon Sukhdeep , Mangeney Juliette 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Over the past few decades, THz technology has made considerable progress, evidenced by the performance of current THz sources and detectors, as well as the emergence of several THz applications. However, in the realm of quantum technologies, the THz spectral domain is still in its infancy, unlike neighboring spectral domains that have flourished in recent years. Notably, in the microwave domain, superconducting qubits currently serve as the core of quantum computers, while quantum cryptography protocols have been successfully demonstrated in the visible and telecommunications domains through satellite links. The THz domain has lagged behind in these impressive advancements. Today, the current gap in the THz domain clearly concerns quantum technologies. Nonetheless, the emergence of quantum technologies operating at THz frequencies will potentially have a significant impact. Indeed, THz radiation holds significant promise for wireless communications with ultimate security owing to its low sensitivity to atmospheric disturbances. Moreover, it has the potential to raise the operating temperature of solid-state qubits, effectively addressing existing scalability issues. In addition, THz radiation can manipulate the quantum states of molecules, which are recognized as new platforms for quantum computation and simulation with long range interactions. Finally, its ability to penetrate generally opaque materials or its resistance to Rayleigh scattering are very appealing features for quantum sensing. In this perspective, we will discuss potential approaches that offer exciting prospects for generating and detecting non-classical states of THz light, thereby opening doors to significant breakthroughs in THz quantum technologies.
Advances in the synthesis of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) of proteins extracted from nature
Authors: Zhang Renyin , Wang Xuejing , Ma Xiaoyu , Xu Zhihua , Ma Mingze , Zhang Tieying , Shi Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has developed rapidly and has been applied to various fields. Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), which are composed of several hundred atoms, are a new type of nanomaterial. AuNCs are often synthesized using ligands or templates. The interaction between the gold atoms and the groups of the ligands or templates results in unexpected physical and chemical properties. In recent studies, natural proteins have often been used as templates to synthesize AuNCs. The unique structure of natural proteins endows AuNCs with biological functions, such as biocompatibility and enzymatic activity. The unique properties of these natural protein-AuNCs have been verified and applied in various fields. In this article, the synthetic strategies used to produce AuNCs have been divided into two categories: animal-derived and plant-derived protein synthesis. The protein types and synthesis strategies used in the current mainstream research are reviewed, and their applications in detection and biological imaging are summarized. Finally, the problems and future development directions of AuNCs synthesized from natural proteins are discussed, laying a foundation for the biological application of protein-AuNCs.
Effect of the axial compression ratio on the seismic behavior of resilient concrete walls with concealed column stirrups
Authors: Yuan Weiguang , Zhang Yingda , Xiao Qiang , Liu Zuowei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The axial compression ratio is one of the important factors affecting the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) walls. Thus, the axial compression ratio is critical in the seismic design of RC walls. In addition to the axial compression ratio, the other significant experimental parameter is the stirrup form of the boundary elements. To study the effect of the axial compression ratio and the stirrup form on the seismic behavior of ductile RC walls reinforced by prestressed concrete strands, four full-scale concrete walls were constructed and subjected to reversed cyclic lateral loading while experiencing constant axial compression, with axial load ratios set at 0.17 and 0.26. The considered stirrup forms of the boundary elements are circular and compound, respectively. All specimens exhibit significant drift-hardening capability with a small residual drift and a small crack width. The ultimate capacity, ductility, stiffness and attenuation process, hysteretic characteristics, energy dissipation capacity, residual deformation, and maximum and residual crack width of the shear walls are compared and analyzed. The experimental results and comparisons between the two groups of shear walls with different axial compression ratios and stirrup forms of concealed columns are presented. The characteristics of the envelope curve are also analyzed, and a simplified bilinear envelope curve model is proposed to better fit the test results.
Metal and metalloid monitoring in water by passive sampling – A review
Authors: Senila Marin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Passive sampling methodologies offer a series of advantages, providing time-averaged contamination levels in the field, separating the analyte from complex matrices, lowering the limits of quantification, and offering the possibilities of chemical fractionation and speciation. This review surveys the recent developments in passive samplers (PSs) tools such as diffusive gradients in thin films, polymer inclusion membranes, stabilized liquid membrane devices, “octopus” samplers, and active PSs. This article also discusses some challenges in the on-site utilization of these techniques and presents the latest on-site application of PSs to assess metals and metalloids in aquatic systems. Passive sampling is becoming a recognized practice, confirmed by numerous articles published in this field. Advances were made to increase the robustness, accuracy, and precision of the method, and collaborative studies were used for on-site validation. Chemical fractionation, speciation, and bioavailability of elements received special attention in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive update on the latest progress in passive sampling techniques. It brings together for the first time the newest developments of the most used PSs for metal and metalloid monitoring, speciation, and fractionation in aquatic systems. The potential contribution of passive sampling for metal and metalloid determination in water samples in achieving the analytical chemistry green and white analytical concept is also discussed.
Reduction of Ivory Product Purchase in China: The Role of Cultural Values on Ethical Consumption
Authors: Xiao Ge , Ma Han , Lee HyeRyeon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The consumption of ivory has been a significant subject in both sustainable consumption and (un)ethical consumption studies, as it not only poses a threat to endangered species but also to environmental biodiversity and sustainability. The purpose of this study is to investigate how individual cultural values influence the behavior of ivory consumption in the Chinese context. This research first reviewed recent studies on ivory purchases in China to gain an understanding of this topic. Then, theoretical frameworks, including Hofstede’s (1984. “Cultural Dimensions in Management and Planning.” Asia Pacific Journal of Management 1 (2): 81–99, 1998. Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimension of National Cultures. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2001. Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.) cultural dimensions and the theory of planned behavior (TPB; Ajzen 1991. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 (2): 179–211.), were applied for conceptual model and hypotheses development. To test the hypotheses, a total of 600 responses were collected in China using the Qualtrics market research service, and 575 usable responses were employed for the Structural Modeling Analysis (SEM) data analysis. Our findings suggest that ivory purchase intention is impacted by both power distance and collectivism, whether through a direct path or indirect influence on attitude towards ivory purchasing. Our findings suggest that both power distance and collectivism are negatively associated with negative attitudes toward ivory purchase and positively associated with purchase intention. Moreover, uncertainty avoidance is positively related to negative attitudes toward ivory purchase, but is not directly linked to ivory purchase intention. The research identified the main factors driving ivory purchases in China and developed behavior change strategies through targeted interventions. These strategies can be implemented across different cultures and in other sustainable conservation initiatives.