bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Bipolar Polymer Electrode with MXene for Na/K‐Based Dual‐Ion Symmetric Batteries
Authors: He Xuesong , Wei Bangshuai , Tang Wu , Guo Meichen , Hu Jiahui , Lin Zifeng , Fan Cong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn organic bipolar polymer electrode called poly[anthraquinone‐alt‐dihydrophenazine] (PAD) is in situ synthesized between the two‐electron n‐type unit of dibromoanthraquinone and two‐electron p‐type unit of dihydrophenazine on the layered MXene nanosheets, leading to the formation of the material composition called PAD@MX. PAD@MX shows almost the same redox mechanism and electrode performance in Na/K‐based batteries. In Na/K‐based half cells, PAD@MX can show the peak discharge capacities of 240/255 mAh g−1 and peak energy densities of 511/597 Wh kg−1, respectively, which are among the top results for cathodes in the world. Furthermore, the Na/K‐based dual‐ion symmetric batteries can be simultaneously constructed by using PAD@MX as the single electrode material. Both symmetric batteries fulfill the “ready‐to‐charge” property without any pre‐activation. Therein, PAD@MX delivers the reversible discharge capacities of 86/104 mAh g−1cathode and energy densities of 54/64 Wh kg−1total mass, stably running for 500 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of organic bipolar electrodes simultaneously applied to the Na/K‐based dual‐ion symmetric batteries in the world.
MXene Functionalized Kevlar Yarn via Automated, Continuous Dip Coating
Authors: Bi Lingyi , Perry William , Wang Ruocun (John) , Lord Robert , Hryhorchuk Tetiana , Inman Alex , Gogotsi Oleksiy , Balitskiy Vitaliy , Zahorodna Veronika , Baginskiy Ivan , Vorotilo Stepan , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rise of the Internet of Things has spurred extensive research on integrating conductive materials into textiles to turn them into sensors, antennas, energy storage devices, and heaters. MXenes, owing to their high electrical conductivity and solution processability, offer an efficient way to add conductivity and electronic functions to textiles through simple dip coating. However, manual development of MXene‐coated textiles restricts their quality, quantity, and variety. Here, a versatile automated yarn dip coater tailored for producing continuously high‐quality MXene‐coated yarns and conducted the most comprehensive MXene‐yarn dip coating study to date is developed. Compared to manual methods, the automated coater provides lower resistance, superior uniformity, faster speed, and reduced MXene consumption. It also enables rapid coating parameter optimization, resulting in a thin Ti3C2 coating uniform over a 1 km length on a braided Kevlar yarn while preserving its excellent mechanical properties (over 800 MPa) and adding Joule heating and damage sensing to composites reinforced by the yarns. By dip‐coating five different yarns of varying materials, diameters, structures, and chemistries, new insights into MXene‐yarn interactions are gained. Thus, the automated dip coating presents ample opportunities for scalable integration of MXenes into a wide range of yarns for diverse functions and applications.
Actively Reconfigurable Segmented Spatial Sound Modulators
Authors: Hardwick James , Kazemi Ben , Talamali Mohamed S. , Christopoulos Giorgos , Subramanian Sriram 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh‐quality acousto‐holographic patterns and images, integral to applications like 3D displays, acoustophoresis, and midair haptics, require precise distribution of ultrasound waves to achieve. Essential tools for this task are spatial sound modulators (SSMs), which control constituent elements to enable dynamic distribution of sound pressure. However, current ultrasonic SSMs face limitations due to high costs and the intricate actuation of numerous small, closely spaced units. This study introduces “segmented SSMs,” novel devices that combine traditional acoustic metasurface pixel units into custom‐shaped segmented elements. These segmented SSMs reduce actuation costs and complexity while retaining pressure distribution quality. This approach includes a custom phase agglomeration algorithm (PAA), that offers a hierarchy of potential segmentation solutions for user selection. An SSM fabrication method is detailed using off‐the‐shelf 3D printers and bespoke control electronics, completing an end‐to‐end methodology from conception to realization. This approach is validated with two prototype SSM devices that focus sound waves and levitate polystyrene beads using dynamic segmented elements. Further enhancements to the technique are explored through hybrid SSM devices with both static and dynamic elements. The pipeline facilitates efficient SSM construction across diverse applications and invites the inception of future devices with varying sizes, uses, and actuation mechanisms.
Unleashing the Power of Quantum Dots: Emerging Applications from Deep‐Ultraviolet Photodetectors for Brighter Futures
Authors: Park Taehyun , Lee Dong Hyun , Hur Jaehyun , Yoo Hocheon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince their discovery in 1981, quantum dots (QDs) have been the center of attention in optoelectronic fields owing to their excellent properties such as clearly discrete band structure, high luminous efficiency, and tunable energy bandgap via dot size control. Among them, the bandgap increase characteristic based on the quantum confinement effect opens a new horizon in the field of deep ultraviolet photodetectors (DUV PDs). Emerging applications such as risk monitoring, wireless optical communication, and chemical sensing with extremely low environmental interference raise the significance of DUV PDs. Nonetheless, the limited material selection for DUV absorption has been the main obstacle for further applications. Along this line, this review systematically revisits the recent advances in QD‐based DUV PDs, using bandgap‐widened QDs, with a focus on the synthetic method, device architecture, and interactions among constituent components. Various QDs categorized into carbon, oxide, sulfide, and nitride are reviewed with the specific characteristics of each substance. The future prospects of QD‐based DUV PDs in terms of practical applications and the current challenges are discussed.
Highly Heterogeneous Heat‐Related Health Impacts in China and Implications for Sustainable Urban Heat Governance
Authors: Li Xinqin , Tang Junqing , He Bao‐Jie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding heat‐related impacts is crucial to improving public awareness of addressing urban heat challenges and enabling decision makers to mainstream heat action plans. This study explores heat‐related physiological and psychological impacts, symptoms, and demographic determinants based on 4210 questionnaires across nine large Chinese cities, including Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Nanjing, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Xi'an in August 2020. The results indicate that heat‐related psychological impacts are equally severe as physiological impacts. Chongqing is under the most severe heat‐related health impact on both the physiological and psychological aspects. Skin heat damage (SKI), digestive system illnesses (DIG), respiratory illnesses (RES), and cardiovascular illnesses (CAR) are prominent physiological illnesses in all cities, while emotional irritability (EMO), easy to lose control temper (EAS), low mood (LOW), and insomnia (INS) are prominent psychological symptoms. Chongqing and Guangzhou are the most vulnerable cities in terms of physiological and psychological symptoms. Chengdu, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Shanghai are more resilient in terms of physiological symptoms, whereas Chengdu, Hangzhou, and Shanghai are more resistant to psychological symptoms. Heat‐related health impacts, symptoms, and demographic determinants are spatially heterogeneous. The elderly and patients are more vulnerable, while such a conclusion is not always true. The spatial heterogeneity of heat‐related physiological and psychological impacts, symptoms, and drivers highlights the significance of developing city‐specific heat health action plans.
Grain Characteristics of Perovskite Thin Films Based on SEM Image Segmentation
Authors: Yang Simiao , Song Qing , Chao Lingfeng , Li Deli , Wang Yue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become the forefront and hot pot of new photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, low cost, and easy preparation. Understanding the microstructure characteristics of the perovskite films is one of the key factors to further improve the efficiency and stability. The characteristics of grains based on the self‐developed perovskite film morphology analysis software GrainD are studied in this article. Important perovskite film information such as the average radius of grains, the distribution pattern of grain size, the area of grain contact, and the total number of grains are obtained. The results show that the grain size distribution of the polycrystalline perovskite film follows the lognormal distribution. According to statistical probability theory and grain growth theory, the multiplication effect of multiple random factors of film growth is proposed as the reason for the lognormal distribution. This study provides an important method for analyzing the perovskite films and gives clues about the crystallization kinetics.
First‐Principles Study of the Electronic Properties of Egg Albumen Optoelectronic Artificial Synapses by Carbon Nanotube Insertion
Authors: Wang Lu , Yang Tianyu , Ju Yuehang , Wen Dianzhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe realization of artificial synapses based on biomaterials is of great significance for the development of environmentally friendly neuromorphic hardware systems and artificial intelligence. In this sense, a bioartificial synapse composited with egg albumen (EA) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is fabricated. Based on the adjustable weight of the artificial synapse, the plasticity of electrical synapses is explored. Due to the photogenerated carriers and thermoelectric effects of carbon nanotubes, the device has optoelectronic properties, so the optoelectronic synaptic plasticity of the device is explored under light pulses. The device is well suited for biological synapses and shows great potential for applications in future high‐density storage and neuromorphic computing systems. In addition, to further study the physical mechanism of the conductive process of the device, the electrical characteristics of the contact interface between carbon nanotubes doped with Fe substitution and the upper electrode Al are mainly analyzed by first principles, and the adsorption, charge distribution, and band structure between them are theoretically studied.
Exciton Binding Energy in Organic Polymers: Experimental Considerations and Tuning Prospects
Authors: Kashani Somayeh , Rech Jeromy James , Liu Tuo , Baustert Kyle , Ghaffari Abbas , Angunawela Indunil , Xiong Yuan , Dinku Abay , You Wei , Graham Kenneth , Ade Harald 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiscrepancies in reported values of exciton binding energy (Eb) for organic semiconductors (OSs) necessitate a comprehensive study. Traditionally, Eb is defined as the difference between the transport gap (Et) and the optical gap (Eopt). Here, the Eb values of PBnDT‐TAZ polymer variants are determined using two commonly employed methods: a combination of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and low‐energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy (UPS‐LEIPS) and solid‐state cyclic voltammetry (CV). Eb values obtained by UPS‐LEIPS show low dispersion and no clear correlation with the polymer structure and thedielectric properties. In contrast, CV reveals a larger dispersion (200 meV‐1 eV) and an apparent qualitative Eb‐molecular structure correlation, as the lowest Eb values are observed for oligo‐ethylene glycol side chains. This discrepancy is discussed by examining the implications of the traditional definition of Eb. Additionally, the impact of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to the derived experimental values of Et is discussed. The differences in intrinsic and extrinsic factors highlight the context‐dependent nature of measurement when drawing global conclusions. Notably, the observed Eb trend derived from CV is not intrinsic to the pure materials but likely linked to electrolyte swelling and associated changes in dielectric environment, suggesting that high‐efficiency single‐material organic photovoltaics with low Eb may be possible via high dielectric materials.
Enhancement of Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia on Amorphous CeOx‐Modified Cu via Tuning of Active Hydrogen Supply
Authors: Li Yufeng , Wang Chaochen , Yang Lekuan , Ge Wangxin , Shen Jianhua , Zhu Yihua , Li Chunzhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is an environment‐friendly and promising alternative to the conventional Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis process, which is a complex process of proton‐coupled electron transfer. Hereon, the amorphous CeOx support introduced to construct Cu/a‐CeOx heterostructure is prepared to provide sufficient *H and synergistically catalyze the NO3RR. Cu/a‐CeOx achieves a maximum ammonia yield of 1.52 mmol h−1 mgcat−1. In the flow cell, the NH3 yield reaches 17.93 mmol h−1 mgcat−1 at 1 A cm−2, which exceeds most of the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. In situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ Raman observe that the catalyst undergoes structural reconfiguration under operating conditions, thus confirming that Cu2O is not the true active center in the catalytic process. Furthermore, in situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the amorphous CeOx in Cu/a‐CeOx modulates the electronic structure of Cu and overcomes the higher potential barrier required for the decomposition of water on Cu, which greatly facilitates the hydrolysis process and provides a higher H‐coverage rate for the hydrogenation of NO3−, realizing a dynamic equilibrium between the production and consumption of active hydrogen. This component design strategy centered on the amorphous structure opens up a new pathway for the electrochemical NO3RR.
Sex differences in workload in medieval Poland: Patterns of asymmetry and biomechanical adaptation in the upper limb at Giecz
Authors: Brzezinski Emma T. , Hubbe Mark , Hunter Randee L. , Agnew Amanda M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study characterizes sexual dimorphism in skeletal markers of upper limb mechanical loading due to lateralization as evidence of division of labor in medieval Giecz, Poland.MethodsTwenty‐six dimensions for paired humeri, clavicles, and radii representing adult males (n = 89) and females (n = 53) were collected from a skeletal sample from the cemetery site Gz4. Percent directional asymmetry (DA) and absolute asymmetry (AA) for each dimension were compared among bones, osteometric subcategories, and sex. Additionally, side bias and sex differences were assessed in degenerative joint disease (DJD) and entheseal changes (ECs).ResultsNearly all measurements revealed significant asymmetry favoring the right side. Asymmetry was most pronounced in midshaft dimensions with few sex differences. There were more correlations among dimensions within elements than between elements, mainly in the midshaft. No laterality in DJD frequencies was noted for either sex, but females demonstrated significantly lower odds of having DJD than males in most joints. Most ECs demonstrated a right‐bias and association with DA with no sex‐specific patterns except the biceps brachii insertion, where females were ~5 times more likely to be scored “right” than males.DiscussionThe general lack of sex differences in asymmetry and ECs suggests similarly demanding workloads for females and males, with the exception of sex‐specific functional loading differences in the forearm. Further, DJD data suggest males engaged in more intensive activities involving the upper limb. These results enhance understanding of workload in this important historical period and provide a comparison for asymmetry in past populations.
Immunology of blood as a driver of neurodegeneration
Authors: Akassoglou Katerina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCerebrovascular alterations and innate immune activation are key features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanisms that link blood‐brain barrier disruption to neurodegeneration are poorly understood and well‐defined druggable targets at the neurovascular interface are limited. We identified the blood coagulation factor fibrinogen as necessary and sufficient for the induction of pathogenic neuroinflammation in neurologic diseases1. Fibrinogen induces spine elimination and promotes cognitive deficits in AD mouse models mediated by oxidative stress induction in microglia2, 3. Volume imaging in cleared mouse and human AD brains combined with repetitive in vivo two‐photon imaging showed focal fibrinogen deposits associated with loss of dendritic spines independent of amyloid plaques. We developed a first‐in‐class fibrin‐targeting immunotherapy to selectively inhibit fibrin‐induced inflammation without interfering with its beneficial coagulation effects4. Fibrin‐targeting immunotherapy entered the CNS, bound to fibrin, and inhibited amyloid‐driven neurotoxicity and neurotoxic inflammatory gene programs in AD mice. Thus, fibrinogen links cerebrovascular damage with immune‐mediated neurodegeneration and fibrin therapeutics may have important therapeutic implications inhibiting vascular‐driven neurodegeneration in AD and related conditions.1. Petersen et al., Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018, 19:283‐3012. Merlini et al. Neuron 2019, 101:1099‐11083. Mendiola et al. Nat Immunol 2020, 21:513‐5244. Ryu et al. Nat Immunol 2018, 19:1212‐1223
Integrating rod‐shaped nickel molybdate@polypyrrole matrix for sustainable adsorptive removal of organic dye: Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics study
Authors: P Nayak Pooja , Varghese Arun , Devi K R Sunaja , Pinheiro Dephan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater pollution presents a significant global challenge that impacts the environment. The release of industrial effluents significantly contributes to this. Adsorption studies offer a sustainable and cost‐effective solution to efficiently remove organic pollutants from water. The current study comprises a polypyrrole/nickel molybdate composite for the effective adsorption of organic dyes, such as methylene blue, from aqueous solutions. The catalyst has been comprehensively characterized using various techniques, including XRD, FE‐SEM, FT‐IR, HR‐TEM, XPS, BET, TGA, zeta potential, and DLS analysis. Adsorption studies demonstrate up to 97% removal efficiency in 60 min. This study also evaluates the impact of various parameters, such as temperature, pH, dye concentration, and quantity of the catalyst, on the adsorption efficiency. The R2 value of 0.99 that is obtained in the kinetics study suggests the suitability of the adsorption process toward pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm study reveals that the adsorption follows Freundlich's adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the study is found to be 17.76 mg/g. Investigations into thermodynamic study give a ∆H value of −19.21 J/mol K, indicating the exothermic behavior, and ∆G of −6.95 KJ/mol, suggesting the spontaneity of the composite during the adsorption process. These results demonstrate the potential of the developed material as an effective adsorbent for removing organic dyes from water sources.
Integrating fish nursery ground conservation with sustainable resource use: The case of Trichiurus japonicus in the East China Sea
Authors: Jin Yan , Gao Xiao‐di , Yan Li‐ping , Liu Zun‐lei , Cheng Jia‐hua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Sustainable fisheries management seeks to balance fisheries' conservation with fishers' economic well‐being. Marine protected areas are increasingly used as a component of management frameworks to improve the resilience of, or maintain, marine resources. However, any spatial management measures need to consider the seasonal distribution of key species at key life stages, such as the recruitment stage.
Trichiurus japonicus (hairtail) is the highest yielding single fish species in China, but it is showing signs of miniaturization and early maturity, which are indicators of overfishing. Thus, it is a suitable model species for studies aiming to find a solution to the challenge of balancing fishing activities with resource protection.
The potentially important seasonal nursery grounds of T. japonicus in the East China Sea were identified using a model combining data for the variability in abundance and the probability of occurrence of T. japonicus recruits. Based on fishery‐independent survey data, a Bayesian hierarchical species distribution model revealed that the locations and sizes of core nursery grounds of T. japonicus varied seasonally and that the main drivers were depth, sea bottom temperature and sea bottom salinity.
The possible seasonal interactions between fishing effort and nursery grounds at different levels of importance were evaluated by analysing the spatial overlap between fishery hot spots and T. japonicus core nursery grounds. The results showed that the proportion of overlap was highest in spring and lowest in summer.
These findings highlight the urgent need to develop fleet‐adapted management measures for different levels of overlap and suggest that the eastern and southern areas of the East China Sea hairtail national aquatic germplasm resources conservation zone (TCZ) should be included in conservation planning.
From bribes to bequests and gifts to gratuities: The black, white, and shades of gray of how and why consumers pay what they want
Authors: Raghubir Priya , Bluvstein Shirley 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis conceptual paper presents a framework that integrates 11 forms of voluntary payments as seemingly disparate as bribes and bequests, and gifts and gratuities to show that “voluntary” payments vary in the shades of gray not only in terms of how much like bribes they are but also in terms of how voluntary they actually are. We provocatively suggest that these payment types might be susceptible to becoming entrenched through self‐reinforcing norms because the voluntary payments are not necessarily voluntary and to an extent akin to bribes. Specifically, it provides an overarching framework to showcase the similarities and differences between bribes, lobbying efforts, suggested fees, pay what you want, tips, bequests, legacies, charity, crowdsourcing, dowry, and gifts, identifying gaps in domains that are under‐researched. Starting with the question as to whether a service has been, is being, or will be performed for the voluntary payment, and whether payments are made to an individual or a cause, the framework highlights the following: (1) the differences in the purpose underlying these payments, (2) the different modes of payment used; (3) the economic and social norms governing the payments; and (4) external and internal emotions associated with these payment types. The integrative framework allows for an amalgam of disparate literatures ranging from morality and behavioral pricing to charity and gift giving. The process model suggests a multitude of areas for future research in the domain of consumers' voluntary payment decisions.