bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone Induces Rapid Serine-Phosphorylation and Membrane Translocation of Annexin 1 in a Human Folliculostellate Cell Line via a Novel Nongenomic Mechanism Involving the Glucocorticoid Receptor, Protein Kinase C, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Solito Egle , Mulla Abeda , Morris John F. , Christian Helen C. , Flower Roderick J. , Buckingham Julia C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur recent studies on rat pituitary tissue suggest that the annexin 1 (ANXA1)-dependent inhibitory actions of glucocorticoids on ACTH secretion are effected via a paracrine mechanism that involves protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent translocation of a serine-phosphorylated species of ANXA1 (Ser-P-ANXA1) to the plasma membrane of the nonsecretory folliculostellate cells. In the present study, we have used a human folliculostellate cell line (PDFS) to explore the signaling mechanisms that cause the translocation of Ser-P-ANXA1 to the membrane together with Western blot analysis and flow cytometry to detect the phosphorylated protein. Exposure of PDFS cells to dexamethasone caused time-dependent increases in the expression of ANXA1 mRNA and protein, which were first detected within 2 h of steroid contact. This genomic response was preceded by the appearance within 30 min of substantially increased amounts of Ser-P-ANXA1 and by translocation of the phosphorylated protein to the cell surface. The prompt membrane translocation of Ser-P-ANXA1 provoked by dexamethasone was inhibited by the glucocorticoid receptor, antagonist, mifepristone, but not by actinomycin D or cycloheximide, which effectively inhibit mRNA and protein synthesis respectively in our preparation. It was also inhibited by a nonselective PKC inhibitor (PKC9–31), by a selective inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent PKCs (Go 6976) and by annexin 5 (which sequesters PKC in other systems). In addition, blockade of phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase (wortmannin) or MAPK pathways with PD 98059 or UO 126 (selective for MAPK kinse 1 and 2) prevented the steroid-induced translocation of Ser-P-ANXA1 to the cell surface. These results suggest that glucocorticoids induce rapid serine phosphorylation and membrane translocation of ANXA1 via a novel nongenomic, glucocorticoid receptor-dependent mechanism that requires MAPK, phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase, and Ca2+-dependent PKC pathways.
Ghrelin-Induced Food Intake Is Mediated via the Orexin Pathway
Authors: Toshinai Koji , Date Yukari , Murakami Noboru , Shimada Mitsushi , Mondal Muhtashan S. , Shimbara Takuya , Guan Jian-Lian , Wang Qing-Ping , Funahashi Hisayuki , Sakurai Takeshi , Shioda Seiji , Matsukura Shigeru , Kangawa Kenji , Nakazato Masamitsu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The hypothalamus regulates energy intake by integrating the degree of starvation or satiation with the status of the environment through a variety of neuronal and blood-derived signals. Ghrelin, a peptide produced in the stomach and hypothalamus, stimulates feeding and GH secretion. Centrally administered ghrelin exerts an orexigenic activity through the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein systems. The interaction between ghrelin and other hypothalamic orexigenic peptides, however, has not been clarified. Here, we investigated the anatomical interactions and functional relationship between ghrelin and two orexigenic peptides, orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), present in the lateral hypothalamus. Ghrelin-immunoreactive axonal terminals made direct synaptic contacts with orexin-producing neurons. Intracerebroventricular administration of ghrelin induced Fos expression, a marker of neuronal activation, in orexin-producing neurons but not in MCH-producing neurons. Ghrelin remained competent to induce Fos expression in orexin-producing neurons following pretreatment with anti-NPY IgG. Pretreatment with anti-orexin-A IgG and anti-orexin-B IgG, but not anti-MCH IgG, attenuated ghrelin-induced feeding. Administration of NPY receptor antagonist further attenuated ghrelin-induced feeding in rats treated with anti-orexin-IgGs. Ghrelin-induced feeding was also suppressed in orexin knockout mice. This study identifies a novel hypothalamic pathway that links ghrelin and orexin in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis.
Comprehension of arithmetic word problems by fifth‐grade pupils: Representations and selection of information
Authors: Moreau Stéphanie , Coquin‐Viennot Danièle 
Published: March 2003

Background: Understanding word problems leads to the construction of different levels of representation. Some levels specify the elements which are indispensable for solving the problem (problem model, PM) and others specify the agents, actions and events in everyday concepts (situation model, SM).Aims: By studying how the information is selected, we try to specify the nature of the representations constructed during the reading of a word problem: understanding a problem leads to the construction of two complementary levels of representation (PM and SM) or to the construction of only one representation (PM)?Sample: Ninety‐one fifth‐grade pupils (mean age 10 years 9 months) took part in this study and were divided into two groups according to their mathematical ability.Method: As well as the information considered as indispensable for solving the problems (solving information), different types of information (situational information) were introduced into standard word problems. In a first task, participants were asked to select the information in order to ‘make the word problem as short as possible’ (locate the elements used for developing PM). In a second task, they were asked to select the information in order to ‘make the word problem easier to understand’ (determine whether the participants developed a SM).Results: The participants successfully differentiated between the solving information and the situational information. An interaction was also observed between the type of information and the task. The mathematical ability of the participants was seen to have an influence on the selection of situational information.Conclusion: Understanding leads to the construction of two complementary representation levels: the problem model and the situation model.
Role of the Different Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Subfamilies in the Stimulation of Dog and Human Thyroid Epithelial Cell Proliferation by Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate and Growth Factors
Authors: Vandeput Fabrice , Perpete Sandrine , Coulonval Katia , Lamy Françoise , Dumont Jacques E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have investigated the role of the different classes of MAPKs, i.e. ERKs, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38 MAPK in the proliferation of dog and human thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) in primary cultures. In these cells, TSH, acting through cAMP, epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induce DNA synthesis. With the exception of HGF, all of these factors require the presence of insulin for mitogenic effects to be expressed.We found that TSH and forskolin are without effect on the phosphorylation and activity of the different classes of MAPKs. In contrast, all the cAMP-independent growth factors, whereas without effect on the phosphorylation and activity of JNKs and p38 MAPK, stimulated the ERKs. This effect was strong and sustained in response to HGF, epidermal growth factor and 12-myristate 13-acetate but weak and transient in response to insulin. Moreover, whereas in stimulated cells DNA synthesis was inhibited by PD 098059, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase 1 and consequently of ERKs, it was not modified by SB 203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK.Taken together, these data 1) exclude a role of JNKs and p38 MAPK in the proliferation of dog and human thyrocytes; 2) suggest that the mitogenic action of the cAMP-independent agents requires a strong and sustained activation of both ERKs and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B as realized by HGF alone or by the other agents together with insulin; and 3) show that TSH and cAMP do not activate ERKs but that the weak activation of ERKs by insulin is nevertheless necessary for DNA synthesis to occur.
Thyroid Hormone Transport by the Rat Fatty Acid Translocase
Authors: van der Putten Haidy H. A. G. M. , Friesema Edith C. H. , Abumrad Nada A. , Everts Maria E. , Visser Theo J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe examined the hypothesis that rat fatty acid translocase (rFAT) mediates the cellular uptake of T3 and other iodothyronines. Uninjected Xenopus laevis oocytes and oocytes injected 4 d previously with rFAT cRNA were incubated for 60 min at 25 C in medium containing 0.01–10 μm [125I]T3 and 0.1% BSA, or 1–100 μm [3H]oleic acid and 0.5% BSA. Injection of rFAT cRNA resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in uptake of T3 (10 nm) and a 1.4-fold increase in uptake of oleic acid (100 μm). Total T3 uptake was lower in the presence than in the absence of BSA, but relative to the free T3 concentration, uptake was increased by BSA. The fold induction of T3 uptake by rFAT was not influenced by BSA. By analyzing uptake as a function of the ligand concentration, we estimated a Km value of 3.6 μm for (total) T3 and 56 μm for (total) oleic acid. In addition to T3, rFAT mediates the uptake of T4, rT3, 3,3′-diiodothyronine, and T3 sulfate. The injection of human type III deiodinase cRNA with or without rFAT cRNA resulted in the complete deiodination of T3 taken up by the oocytes, indicating that T3 is indeed transported to the cytoplasm. In conclusion, our results demonstrate transport of T3 and other iodothyronines by rFAT.
Multiple goals, motivation and academic learning
Authors: Valle Antonio , Cabanach Ramón G. , Núnez José C. , González‐Pienda Julio , Rodríguez Susana , Piñeiro Isabel 
Published: March 2003

Background: The type of academic goals pursued by students is one of the most important variables in motivational research in educational contexts. Although motivational theory and research have emphasised the somewhat exclusive nature of two types of goal orientation (learning goals versus performance goals), some studies (Meece, 1994; Seifert, 1995, 1996) have shown that the two kinds of goals are relatively complementary and that it is possible for students to have multiple goals simultaneously, which guarantees some flexibility to adapt more efficaciously to various contexts and learning situations.Aim: The principal aim of this study is to determine the academic goals pursued by university students and to analyse the differences in several very significant variables related to motivation and academic learning.Sample: Participants were 609 university students (74% women and 26% men) who filled in several questionnaires about the variables under study.Method: We used cluster analysis ('quick cluster analysis' method) to establish the different groups or clusters of individuals as a function of the three types of goals (learning goals, performance goals, and social reinforcement goals). By means of MANOVA, we determined whether the groups or clusters identified were significantly different in the variables that are relevant to motivation and academic learning. Lastly, we performed ANOVA on the variables that revealed significant effects in the previous analysis.Results: Using cluster analysis, three groups of students with different motivational orientations were identified: a group with predominance of performance goals (Group PG: n = 230), a group with predominance of multiple goals (Group MG: n = 238), and a group with predominance of learning goals (Group LG: n = 141).Conclusions: Groups MG and LG attributed their success more to ability, they had higher perceived ability, they took task characteristics into account when planning which strategies to use in the learning process, they showed higher persistence, and used more deep learning strategies than did the students with predominance of performance goals (Group PG). On the other hand, Groups MG and PG took the evaluation criteria more into account when deciding which strategies to use in order to learn, and they attributed their failures more to luck than did Group LG. Students from Group MG attributed their success more to effort than did the other two groups and they attained higher achievement than Group PG. Group LG tended to attribute their failures more to lack of effort than did the other two groups.
Race, Prevalence of POLE and POLD1 Alterations, and Survival Among Patients With Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zheng Shuhua , Donnelly Eric D. , Strauss Jonathan B. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceBlack patients with endometrial cancer (EC) in the United States have higher mortality than patients of other races with EC. The prevalence of POLE and POLD1 pathogenic alterations in patients of different races with EC are not well studied.ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of and outcomes associated with POLE and POLD1 alterations in differential racial groups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study incorporated the largest available data set of patients with EC, including American Association for Cancer Research Project GENIE (Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange; 5087 participants), Memorial Sloan Kettering–Metastatic Events and Tropisms (1315 participants), and the Cancer Genome Atlas Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (517 participants), collected from 2015 to 2023, 2013 to 2021, and 2006 to 2012, respectively. The prevalence of and outcomes associated with POLE or POLD1 alterations in EC were evaluated across self-reported racial groups.ExposurePatients of different racial groups with EC and with or without POLE or POLD1 alterations.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was overall survival. Data on demographic characteristics, POLE and POLD1 alteration status, histologic subtype, tumor mutation burden, fraction of genome altered, and microsatellite instability score were collected.ResultsA total of 6919 EC cases were studied, of whom 444 (6.4%), 694 (10.0%), and 4869 (70.4%) patients were self-described as Asian, Black, and White, respectively. Within these large data sets, Black patients with EC exhibited a lower weighted average prevalence of pathogenic POLE alterations (0.5% [3 of 590 cases]) compared with Asian (6.1% [26 of 424]) or White (4.6% [204 of 4520]) patients. By contrast, the prevalence of POLD1 pathogenic alterations was 5.0% (21 cases), 3.2% (19 cases), and 5.6% (255 cases) in Asian, Black, and White patients with EC, respectively. Patients with POLD1 alterations had better outcomes regardless of race, histology, and TP53 alteration status. For a total of 241 clinically annotated Black patients with EC, a composite biomarker panel of either POLD1 or POLE alterations identified 7.1% (17 patients) with positive outcomes (1 event at 70 months follow up) in the small sample of available patients.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective clinicopathological study of patients of different racial groups with EC, a composite biomarker panel of either POLD1 or POLE alteration could potentially guide treatment de-escalation, which is especially relevant for Black patients.
Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Immune-Related Conditions in Children
Authors: Kelty Erin , Rae Kaitlyn , Jantzie Lauren L. , Wyrwoll Caitlin S. , Preen David B. 
Published: January 2024

ImportancePrenatal opioid exposure (POE) may alter with fetal development of the immune system, which may influence long-term health and susceptibility to immune-related conditions.ObjectiveTo compare the risk of hospitalization and emergency department presentation for immune-related conditions in children with and without POE.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cohort study used linked administrative health records of all children born in Western Australia between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2018 (N = 401 462).ExposurePrenatal exposure to prescription opioids (overall and by trimester), neonatal abstinence syndrome diagnosis, and opioid indication (pain or opioid use disorder [OUD]).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was hospital admissions and emergency department presentations during which a child was diagnosed with an immune-related condition, including infections, conditions associated with an overactive immune system (eg, asthma, eczema, and allergy and anaphylaxis), and autoimmune diseases diagnosed before age 5 years or June 30, 2020. Data were analyzed between August 30, 2022, and February 27, 2023.ResultsNeonates with POE (1656 [0.4%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 37.7 [2.1] weeks; 836 females [50.5%]; 820 males [49.5%]) were more likely to be born preterm, have low birth weight for gestational age, and be coexposed to cigarette smoke compared with nonexposed neonates. Perinatal opioid exposure was associated with an increased risk of perinatal infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.38-1.90) and eczema and dermatitis (AOR, 11.91; 95% CI, 9.84-14.41) compared with nonexposure. Neonatal abstinence syndrome was also associated with both conditions (AOR, 2.91 [95% CI, 2.36-3.57] and 31.11 [95% CI, 24.64-39.28], respectively). Prenatal opioid exposure was also associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16-1.79), but not allergies and anaphylaxis. It was also associated with an increased risk of childhood eczema and dermatitis, but only in children with POE from opioids used to treat OUD (AHR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.08-1.99) rather than pain. In contrast, POE from opioids used for pain was associated with an increased risk of infection (AHR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.32-1.58), but POE to opioids used to treat OUD was not. Autoimmune conditions were rare and were not observed to be associated with POE.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, POE was associated with an increased risk of infection, eczema and dermatitis, and asthma, but not allergies and anaphylaxis or autoimmune conditions. These findings highlight the importance of further study of opioid-induced immune changes during pregnancy, the potential impact on long-term health in exposed children, and the mechanisms of opioid-induced immune dysregulation.
Receive coil quality assurance procedure and automated analysis for ViewRay MRIdian MR‐Linac
Authors: Kaza Evangelia , Williams Christopher L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeRegular receiving coil quality assurance (QA) is required to ensure image quality of an MRIdian Linac system. The manufacturer provides a spherical phantom and positioning tube for single‐slice signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and uniformity assessments. We aimed to improve imaging setup and coverage and eliminate inter‐scan variability by employing multi‐slice imaging of a stable phantom. Additionally, we strived to expedite analysis by developing objective, automated analysis software.MethodsA 5300 mL cylindrical plastic bottle placed in plastic bins was scanned at isocenter using a spin‐echo sequence with NEMA‐recommended parameters and 18 axial slices, avoiding phantom repositioning. Acquisition was repeated with and without prescan normalization filtering and by saving uncombined element images. Obtained data were analyzed using custom open‐source MATLAB code. Signal and noise images were automatically assigned, and ROIs for SNR and uniformity calculations were defined using image thresholding. SNR and uniformity pass/fail decisions were made using baseline comparisons.ResultsThe proposed method was successfully implemented as monthly coil QA for 3.5 years. Setup and scanning took 41 min on average for a coil set. Automated image analysis was completed in a few minutes. Signal intensity peaked around +90 or ‐90 mm for Torso or Head/Neck coil unfiltered images. Noise peaked and minimized SNR inside ±30 mm from isocenter, while maximizing it around ±130 mm. Prescan normalization smoothed signal response, reduced SNR and increased uniformity. Individual coil element image analysis identified their position, signal or noise response and SNR. SNR and uniformity pass/fail thresholds were set for already tested and new coils. Conspicuous and subtle Torso coil malfunctions were detected considering baseline deviations of combined and individual element results.ConclusionsOur QA method eliminated observer bias and provided insights into coil function, image filtering performance and coil element location. It provided SNR and uniformity thresholds and identified faulty coil elements.
Heterogeneous Integration of Graphene and HfO2 Memristors
Authors: Trstenjak Urška , Goß Kalle , Gutsche Alexander , Jo Janghyun , Wohlgemuth Marcus , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Gunkel Felix , Dittmann Regina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe past decade has seen a growing trend toward utilizing (quasi) van der Waals growth for the heterogeneous integration of various materials for advanced electronics. In this work, pulsed‐laser deposition is used to grow HfO2 thin films on graphene/SiO2/Si. As graphene is easily damaged under standard oxide‐film deposition conditions, the process needs to be adjusted to minimize the oxidation and the collision‐induced damage. A systematic study is conducted in order to identify the crucial deposition parameters for diminishing the defect concentration in the graphene interlayer. For evaluating the quality of graphene, it is mainly relied on data obtained from Raman spectroscopy, using approaches beyond the Tuinstra‐Koenig relation. The results show that the defects are mainly a consequence of the high kinetic energy of the plasma‐plume particles. Using a relatively high Ar process pressure, a sufficiently low defect concentration is ensured, without compromising the quality of the HfO2 thin film. This enabled us to successfully prepare memristive devices with a filamentary type of switching, utilizing the graphene layer as a bottom electrode. The findings of this study can be easily transferred to other systems for the development of oxide electronic devices.
Transformable Carbonate Apatite Chains as a Novel Type of Bone Graft
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Kishida Ryo , Tsuchiya Akira , Ishikawa Kunio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aging global population is generating an ever‐increasing demand for bone regeneration. Various materials, including blocks, granules, and sponges, are developed for bone regeneration. However, blocks require troublesome shaping and exhibit poor bone‐defect conformities; granules migrate into the surrounding tissues during and after filling of the defect, causing handling difficulties and complications; and sponges contain polymers that are subject to religious restrictions, lack osteoconductivity, and may cause inflammation and allergies. Herein, carbonate apatite chains that overcome the limitations of conventional materials are presented. Although carbonate apatite granules migrate, causing inflammation and ectopic calcification, the chains remain in the defects without causing any complications. The chains conform to the defect shape and transform into 3D porous structures, resulting in faster bone regeneration than that observed using granules. Thus, these findings indicate that even traditional calcium phosphates materials can be converted to state‐of‐the‐art materials via shape control.