bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand‐assisted laparoscopic and open living donor nephrectomy in Korea
Authors: KU JA HYEON , YEO WOON GEOL , HAN DEOK HYEON , LEE SUNG WON , KIM HYEON HOE 
Published: June 2005

Abstract  Background: We compared the results of hand‐assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) and conventional open living donor nephrectomy (OLDN).Methods: The clinical data on 49 hand‐assisted LLDN and 21 OLDN on the left side performed at two institutions in Korea from January 2001 to February 2003 were reviewed. Demographic data of donors and recipients were similar in the two groups.Results: There was one conversion to an open procedure due to bleeding in the LLDN group. The median operation times (180 min in LLDN versus 170 min in OLDN) and warm ischemic times (2.5 min in LLDN versus 2.0 min in OLDN) in the two groups were similar. The estimated mean blood loss, duration of hospital stay and complication rate was also similar in the two groups. The LLDN group reported less pain (visual analog scale) postoperatively (4.1 versus 5.3), but this was not significant (P = 0.058). The time to oral intake in the LLDN group was significantly longer by an average of 1 day (P = 0.001). Return to work was sooner in the LLDN group (4.0 weeks versus 6.0 weeks; P = 0.026). The recipient graft function was equivalent between the two groups. Hand‐assisted LLDN appears to be a safe and effective alternative to OLDN.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that this technique may give the ability provide grafts of similar quality to OLDN, while extending to the donors the advantages of a traditional LLDN procedure.
Differently regulated androgen receptor transcriptional complex in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate
Authors: KINOSHITA MASASHIGE , NAKAGAWA TOSHIMASA , SHIMIZU AKIRA , KATSUOKA YOJI 
Published: June 2005

Abstract  Background:  The coregulators of androgen receptors (AR) influence the transcriptional activity of AR. In order to better understand the mechanism of carcinogenesis in the prostate, we investigated the relationship between AR and AR coregulators in the early stage of prostate cancer.Methods:  mRNA was purified from 15 samples of prostate cancer and normal tissue and transcribed into cDNA. We screened eight AR coregulators for different gene expressions in prostate cancer, comparing these with normal tissue by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction Syber green method, then quantified each component of the AR transcriptional complex by a real‐time PCR hybri‐probe method. The extent of gene expression similarity was compared by simple Pearson correlation coefficient analysis between prostate cancer and normal tissue. We applied a z‐test to calculate significant differences between r‐values.Results:  We found that the gene expression level of FHL2 decreased in prostate cancer compared with that of normal tissue and the gene expressions of PSA, AR and SMRT were not significant. The correlation coefficient analysis revealed that strong associations were found in the pairs of AR versus SMRT, AR versus FHL2 and SMRT versus FHL2 in prostate cancer, whereas similarity was found only in the pair of AR versus FHL2 in normal tissue. No association was observed between prostate‐specific antigen and other genes.Conclusion:  These results demonstrate that the AR‐AR coregulator relationship is different between prostate cancer and normal tissue, leading to the hypothesis that the AR transcriptional complex is regulated differently between prostate cancer and normal tissue.
Pelvic recurrence in stage I seminoma: A new phenomenon that questions modern protocols for radiotherapy and follow‐up
Authors: POWER RICHARD E , KENNEDY JOHN , CROWN JOHN , FRASER IAN , THORNHILL JOHN A 
Published: June 2005

Abstract  Objective:  To highlight the increased risk for pelvic relapse in patients with stage 1 seminoma treated with adjuvant radiotherapy limited to para‐aortic template alone.Patients and methods:  Over a four‐year period, three patients presented with early pelvic recurrence after radical orchidectomy and adjuvant irradiation for stage 1 seminoma. In each case, radiotherapy had been limited to the para‐aortic region with omission of the ipsilateral hemi pelvis.Results:  Pelvic recurrences occurred on the ipsilateral tumor side. Durable complete remission was achieved in each case; however, treatment was complex and there was associated morbidity.Conclusion:  This significant incidence of pelvic recurrence questions the validity of modern radiotherapy protocol which excludes the ipsilateral pelvis from the radiation field.
Parathyroid hormone‐related peptide and hypercalcaemia in a dog with functional keratinizing ameloblastoma
Authors: Dhaliwal R. S. , Tang K. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis case report describes a 6‐year‐old dog with oral ameloblastoma and hypercalcaemia. Serum parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTH‐rp) levels were high. No other cause for hypercalcaemia was found. The hypercalcaemia resolved after hemimandibulectomy. We are not aware of the previous description of canine oral ameloblastoma and hypercalcaemia mediated by PTH‐rp. This case report suggests that PTH‐rp stimulation of the PTH receptor may result in hypercalcaemia in dogs with oral ameloblastoma or other odontogenic neoplasms.
Different biological behaviour of Waldenström macroglobulinemia in two dogs
Authors: Gentilini F. , Calzolari C. , Buonacucina A. , Di Tommaso M. , Militerno G. , Bergamini P. Famigli 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWaldenström Macroglobulinemia is a low‐grade immunosecretory disorder associated with lymphoid tumours, which is rarely reported in veterinary medicine. In this study, we describe two clinical cases of this rare syndrome in dogs, each characterized by a different onset and clinical course. In one case, a hyperacute onset and aggressive behaviour of the neoplasm was observed. Absolute serum viscosity (SV) was retrospectively evaluated in order to explain clinical findings. Rotational viscosimetry showed good precision in measuring SV. Both dogs had SV values higher than a control groups of healthy dogs although only one subject developed hyperviscosity symptoms and complications. At high paraprotein concentrations, a slight reduction of the M‐component was associated with a marked decrease in SV. Thus, this work suggests that SV assessment is a relevant tool for managing monoclonal gammopathies, whose usefulness should be further confirmed in larger cohorts of dogs.
IL-7 receptor α chain expression distinguishes functional subsets of virus-specific human CD8+ T cells
Authors: van Leeuwen Ester M. M. , de Bree Godelieve J. , Remmerswaal Ester B. M. , Yong Si-La , Tesselaar Kiki , Berge Ineke J. M. ten , van Lier René A. W. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Virus-specific CD8+ T cells emerge after infection with herpesviruses and maintain latency to these persistent pathogens. It has been demonstrated that murine memory CD8+ T-cell precursors specific for acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus express interleukin-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα), and IL-7 is involved in maintaining memory populations after the clearance of antigen. To investigate whether human CD8+ T cells reactive toward persistent viruses are maintained similarly, we analyzed IL-7Rα expression and function on these virus-specific cells. During primary infection, all cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8+ T cells and most Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD8+ T cells lacked IL-7Rα expression. Only some virus-specific T cells expressed IL-7Rα late after viral replication became undetectable. CD8+ T cells specific for cleared viruses, influenza (FLU), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) all expressed IL-7Rα. Remarkably, the percentage of IL-7Rα- CMV-specific T cells correlated with the height of viral replication in the acute phase. Virus-specific IL-7Rα+ cells proliferated vigorously in response to IL-7, IL-15, or peptide, whereas IL-7Rα- cells required both peptide and helper-cell activation or IL-2 or IL-15 for optimal expansion. Our data suggest that although IL-7 is essential for the maintenance of memory cells in the absence of antigen, CD8+ T cells specific for latent viruses need T-cell receptor activation plus helper factors to persist. (Blood. 2005;106:2091-2098)
A novel molecular basis for β thalassemia intermedia poses new questions about its pathophysiology
Authors: Premawardhena Anuja , Fisher Christopher A. , Olivieri Nancy F. , de Silva Shanthimala , Sloane-Stanley Jackie , Wood William G. , Weatherall David J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDuring a study of the molecular basis for severe forms of β thalassemia in Sri Lanka, 2 patients were found to be heterozygous for β thalassemia mutations. Further analysis revealed that one of them has a previously unreported molecular basis for severe thalassemia intermedia, homozygosity for quadruplicated α globin genes in combination with heterozygous β thalassemia. The other is homozygous for a triplicated α globin gene arrangement and heterozygous for β thalassemia. Their differences in clinical phenotype are explainable by the interaction of other genetic factors and, in particular, their early management. The clinical course of the 2 propositi underlines the importance of full genotyping and a long period of observation before treatment is instituted, particularly in patients with β thalassemia intermedia associated with extended α globin gene arrangements. The hemoglobin (Hb) F levels in these patients with severe β thalassemia intermedia, compared with other forms of this condition in the Sri Lankan population and elsewhere, are unusually low, a consistent finding in extended α globin gene interactions and in dominant β thalassemia, raising the possibility that increased levels of HbF production in β thalassemia may require mutations at both β globin gene loci.
Functional abnormalities of heparan sulfate in mucopolysaccharidosis-I are associated with defective biologic activity of FGF-2 on human multipotent progenitor cells
Authors: Pan Chendong , Nelson Matthew S. , Reyes Morayma , Koodie Lisa , Brazil Joseph J. , Stephenson Elliot J. , Zhao Robert C. , Peters Charles , Selleck Scott B. , Stringer Sally E. , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn mucopolysaccharidosis-I (MPS-I), α-L-iduronidase deficiency leads to progressive heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation. The functional consequences of these accumulated molecules are unknown. HS critically influences tissue morphogenesis by binding to and modulating the activity of several cytokines (eg, fibroblast growth factors [FGFs]) involved in developmental patterning. We recently isolated a multipotent progenitor cell from postnatal human bone marrow, which differentiates into cells of all 3 embryonic lineages. The availability of multipotent progenitor cells from healthy volunteers and patients with MPS-I (Hurler syndrome) provides a unique opportunity to directly examine the functional effects of abnormal HS on cytokine-mediated stem-cell proliferation and survival. We demonstrate here that abnormally sulfated HS in Hurler multipotent progenitor cells perturb critical FGF-2–FGFR1-HS interactions, resulting in defective FGF-2–induced proliferation and survival of Hurler multipotent progenitor cells. Both the mitogenic and survival-promoting activities of FGF-2 were restored by substitution of Hurler HS by normal HS. This perturbation of critical HS–cytokine receptor interactions may represent a mechanism by which accumulated HS contributes to the developmental pathophysiology of Hurler syndrome. Similar mechanisms may operate in the pathogenesis of other diseases where structurally abnormal GAGs accumulate.
KLF2 is essential for primitive erythropoiesis and regulates the human and murine embryonic β-like globin genes in vivo
Authors: Basu Priyadarshi , Morris Pamela E. , Haar Jack L. , Wani Maqsood A. , Lingrel Jerry B. , Gaensler Karin M. L. , Lloyd Joyce A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of C2/H2 zinc finger DNA-binding proteins that are important in controlling developmental programs. Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF or KLF1) positively regulates the β-globin gene in definitive erythroid cells. KLF2 (LKLF) is closely related to EKLF and is expressed in erythroid cells. KLF2-/- mice die between embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and E14.5, because of severe intraembryonic hemorrhaging. They also display growth retardation and anemia. We investigated the expression of the β-like globin genes in KLF2 knockout mice. Our results show that KLF2-/- mice have a significant reduction of murine embryonic Ey- and βh1-globin but not ζ-globin gene expression in the E10.5 yolk sac, compared with wild-type mice. The expression of the adult βmaj- and βmin-globin genes is unaffected in the fetal livers of E12.5 embryos. In mice carrying the entire human globin locus, KLF2 also regulates the expression of the human embryonic ϵ-globin gene but not the adult β-globin gene, suggesting that this developmental-stage-specific role is evolutionarily conserved. KLF2 also plays a role in the maturation and/or stability of erythroid cells in the yolk sac. KLF2-/- embryos have a significantly increased number of primitive erythroid cells undergoing apoptotic cell death. (Blood. 2005;106: 2566-2571)
The impact of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphism and patient characteristics upon warfarin dose requirements: proposal for a new dosing regimen
Authors: Sconce Elizabeth A. , Khan Tayyaba I. , Wynne Hilary A. , Avery Peter , Monkhouse Louise , King Barry P. , Wood Peter , Kesteven Patrick , Daly Ann K. , Kamali Farhad 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCurrent dosing algorithms do not account for genetic and environmental factors for warfarin dose determinations. This study investigated the contribution of age, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype, and body size to warfarin-dose requirements. Studied were 297 patients with stable anticoagulation with a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0 to 3.0. Genetic analyses for CYP2C9 (*2 and *3 alleles) and VKORC1 (-1639 polymorphism) were performed and venous INR and plasma R- and S-warfarin concentrations determined. The mean warfarin daily dose requirement was highest in CYP2C9 homozygous wild-type patients, compared with those with the variant *2 and *3 alleles (P &lt; .001) and highest in patients with the VKORC1 (position -1639) GG genotype compared with those with the GA genotype and the AA genotype (P &lt; .001). Mean warfarin daily dose requirements fell by 0.5 to 0.7 mg per decade between the ages of 20 to 90 years. Age, height, and CYP2C9 genotype significantly contributed to S-warfarin and total warfarin clearance, whereas only age and body size significantly contributed to R-warfarin clearance. The multivariate regression model including the variables of age, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype, and height produced the best model for estimating warfarin dose (R2 = 55%). Based upon the data, a new warfarin dosing regimen has been developed. The validity of the dosing regimen was confirmed in a second cohort of patients on warfarin therapy.
Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas: clinicopathologic features, classification, and prognostic factors in a large series of patients
Authors: Kodama Kazuo , Massone Cesare , Chott Andreas , Metze Dieter , Kerl Helmut , Cerroni Lorenzo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn the new World Health Organization/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO/EORTC) classification of cutaneous lymphomas, large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs) are divided into 3 groups: LBCL, leg-type (LBCLLT); follicle center lymphoma, diffuse type (FCLDT); and LBCL, others (LBCLO). We studied a large number of primary cutaneous LBCLs to test the validity of the classification and to identify prognostic factors for these patients. Ninety-three cases of primary cutaneous LBCL were analyzed for clinicopathologic features, expression of several markers including Bcl-2, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and FOX-P1, in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus, and molecular analyses of IGH gene rearrangement and of Borrelia burgdorferi and human herpesvirus 8 DNA. Patients were classified into the following categories: FCLDT, 44 cases; LBCLLT, 40 cases; and LBCLO, 9 cases. Statistical analyses showed that the LBCLLT and FCLDT groups were clearly distinct in terms of clinicopathologic features and survival. The LBCLO group had features in between those of LBCLLT and FCLDT. Our study shows that accurate morphologic and phenotypic analyses allow us to stratify most patients into the prognostically different categories of LBCLLT and FCLDT. The definition of a third category of LBCLO requires further studies to clarify whether these cases indeed show distinct clinicopathologic features. (Blood. 2005;106:2491-2497)
Identification of the receptor scavenging hemopexin-heme complexes
Authors: Hvidberg Vibeke , Maniecki Maciej B. , Jacobsen Christian , Højrup Peter , Møller Holger J. , Moestrup Søren K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHeme released from heme-binding proteins on internal hemorrhage, hemolysis, myolysis, or other cell damage is highly toxic due to oxidative and proinflammatory effects. Complex formation with hemopexin, the high-affinity heme-binding protein in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, dampens these effects and is suggested to facilitate cellular heme metabolism. Using a ligand-affinity approach, we purified the human hemopexin-heme receptor and identified it as the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)/CD91, a receptor expressed in several cell types including macrophages, hepatocytes, neurons, and syncytiotrophoblasts. Binding experiments, including Biacore analysis, showed that hemopexin-heme complex formation elicits the high receptor affinity. Uptake studies of radio-labeled hemopexin-heme complex in LRP/CD91-expressing COS cells and confocal microscopy of the cellular processing of fluorescent hemopexin-heme complex established the ability of LRP/CD91 to mediate hemopexin-heme internalization resulting in cellular heme uptake and lysosomal hemopexin degradation. Uptake of hemopexin-heme complex induced LRP/CD91-dependent heme-oxygenase 1 mRNA transcription in cultured monocytes. In conclusion, hemopexin-heme complexes are removed by a receptor-mediated pathway showing striking similarities to the CD163-mediated haptoglobin-hemoglobin clearance in macrophages. Furthermore, the data indicate a hitherto unknown role of LRP/CD91 in inflammation. (Blood. 2005; 106:2572-2579)
Inferring yeast cell cycle regulators and interactions using transcription factor activities
Authors: Yang Young-Lyeol , Suen Jason , Brynildsen Mark P , Galbraith Simon J , Liao James C 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
Since transcription factors are often regulated at the post-transcriptional level, their activities, rather than expression levels may provide valuable information for investigating functions and their interactions. The recently developed Network Component Analysis (NCA) and its generalized form (gNCA) provide a robust framework for deducing the transcription factor activities (TFAs) from various types of DNA microarray data and transcription factor-gene connectivity. The goal of this work is to demonstrate the utility of TFAs in inferring transcription factor functions and interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle regulation.

Results
Using gNCA, we determined 74 TFAs from both wild type and fkh1 fkh2 deletion mutant microarray data encompassing 1529 ORFs. We hypothesized that transcription factors participating in the cell cycle regulation exhibit cyclic activity profiles. This hypothesis was supported by the TFA profiles of known cell cycle factors and was used as a basis to uncover other potential cell cycle factors. By combining the results from both cluster analysis and periodicity analysis, we recovered nearly 90% of the known cell cycle regulators, and identified 5 putative cell cycle-related transcription factors (Dal81, Hap2, Hir2, Mss11, and Rlm1). In addition, by analyzing expression data from transcription factor knockout strains, we determined 3 verified (Ace2, Ndd1, and Swi5) and 4 putative interaction partners (Cha4, Hap2, Fhl1, and Rts2) of the forkhead transcription factors. Sensitivity of TFAs to connectivity errors was determined to provide confidence level of these predictions.

Conclusion
By subjecting TFA profiles to analyses based upon physiological signatures we were able to identify cell cycle related transcription factors consistent with current literature, transcription factors with potential cell cycle dependent roles, and interactions between transcription factors.
Overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase reduces acute radiation induced lung toxicity
Authors: Rabbani Zahid N , Anscher Mitchell S , Folz Rodney J , Archer Emerald , Huang Hong , Chen Liguang , Golson Maria L , Samulski Thaddeus S , Dewhirst Mark W , Vujaskovic Zeljko 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
Acute RT-induced damage to the lung is characterized by inflammatory changes, which proceed to the development of fibrotic lesions in the late phase of injury. Ultimately, complete structural ablation will ensue, if the source of inflammatory / fibrogenic mediators and oxidative stress is not removed or attenuated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in mice ameliorates acute radiation induced injury by inhibiting activation of TGFβ1 and downregulating the Smad 3 arm of its signal transduction pathway.

Methods
Whole thorax radiation (single dose, 15 Gy) was delivered to EC-SOD overexpressing transgenic (XRT-TG) and wild-type (XRT-WT) animals. Mice were sacrificed at 1 day, 1 week, 3, 6, 10 and 14 weeks. Breathing rates, right lung weights, total/differential leukocyte count, activated TGFβ1 and components of its signal transduction pathway (Smad 3 and p-Smad 2/3) were assessed to determine lung injury.

Results
Irradiated wild-type (XRT-WT) animals exhibited time dependent increase in breathing rates and right lung weights, whereas these parameters were significantly less increased (p < 0.05) at 3, 6, 10 and 14 weeks in irradiated transgenic (XRT-TG) mice. An inflammatory response characterized predominantly by macrophage infiltration was pronounced in XRT-WT mice. This acute inflammation was significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) in XRT-TG animals at 1, 3, 6 and 14 weeks. Expression of activated TGFβ1 and components of its signal transduction pathway were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at later time-points in XRT-TG vs. XRT-WT.

Conclusion
This study shows that overexpression of EC-SOD confers protection against RT-induced acute lung injury. EC-SOD appears to work, in part, via an attenuation of the macrophage response and also decreases TGFβ1 activation with a subsequent downregulation of the profibrotic TGFβ pathway.