bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DERAJAT APOPTOSIS SEL GANGLION RETINA PASCA PEMBERIAN TAMBAHAN EKSTRAK MORINGA OLEIFERA ORAL DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN TERAPI STANDAR Studi Eksperimental pada Tikus Wistar Model Methanol Toxic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: ADELIA BAYU ISFANDIARI  , RISKI PRIHATNUNGTIAS  , FIFIN LUTHFIA RAHMI  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Methanol toxic optic neuropathy can lead to retinal ganglion cell apoptosis which causes visual disturbance. Moringa oleifera has been reported to have an anti-inflamatorry effect that can prevent inflammatory mediators from being relased in methanol toxic optic neuropathy
Methods : Twenty-one Wistar methanol toxic optic neuropathy were divided into 3 groups, namely base line group, control group that given intravenous methylprednisolone 4.5mg/6 hours for 3 days, and given standard theraphy and additional administration of oral Moringa oleifera 300mg/kgbodyweight/day for 4 weeks. Assessment of the degree of apoptosis by Anatomical Pathology with histopatolocigal scaoring. The study used Mann Whitney comparative hypothesis test (Significant p<0.05)
Results : The degree of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis was significantly lower in the treatment and standard therapy groups compared to the base line group. The treatment group compared to the standard therapy group was not significantly different (p = 1,000)
Conclusion : The degree of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in rat model methanol toxic optic neuropathy was not significantly different between the group that was given additional oral Moringa oleifera extract compared to the standard theraphy group
RECURRENT CONGENITAL PTOSIS MANAGEMENT BY SUPRAMAXIMAL LEVATOR RESECTION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Desi Kristina Utami  , Shanti F. Boesoirie  , Raden Angga Kartiwa  , Niluh Putu Ayu Dewi Wardhani  , Mohamad Rinaldi Dahlan  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Congenital ptosis is an abnormal low position of the eyelid since birth. Levator resection technique is one of the surgery technique for ptosis corection. Recurrence could be occured even after ptosis correction
Case Illustration : A 22 year old male presented with a chief complaint of droopy left eyelid since birth. Visual aquity were 0,08 pinhole 0,2 and 0,25 pinhole 0,63 respectively. Opthalmology examination revealed interpalpebral fissure (IPF) 4 mm, margin reflex distance (MRD)1 0 mm, MRD2 4 mm and levator function test (LFT) 6 mm on the left eye (Figure 1). Levator resection technique was conducted on his left eye with a good result, MRD1 2 mm, MRD2 5 mm, IPF 7 mm. But the lid dropped again after3 months (Figure 2). Opthalmology examination of the left eye showed IPF 5 mm, MRD1 0 mm, MRD2 5 mm, LFT 2 mm and lagophtalmos 1 mm. Second surgery was done with supramaximal levator resection technique. Good result was achieved after second surgery, MRD1 3 mm, MRD2 5 mm, IPF 8 mm (Figure 3).
Discussion : Recurrent ptosis could occured after ptosis surgery and had challenges due to scar from previous surgery. Frontal suspension technique was recommended for congenital ptosis levator function less than 4 mm. Supramaximal levator resection was done for this patient, with resection of 30 mm levator muscle, which had result as good as of frontal suspension technique.
Conclusion : Levator resection technique could be repeated to repair recurrent congenital ptosis. Supramaximal levator resection technique is one of the option.
TEAR FILM CHANGES FOLLOWING PHACOEMULSIFICATION SURGERY IN PRIMARY EYE CARE CENTER
Authors: TRI WAHYU  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most commonly encountered problem in daily ophthalmology practice. One of many risk factors for DED is cataract surgery. Cataract surgery is known to modify tear film and ocular surface through corneal incision and ocular toxicity of peri- and postoperative medications. The aim of this study is to analyze tear film before and after phacoemulsification in primary eye care facility by measuring tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test (ST-I), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score.
Methods : This was a longitudinal observational study with prospective cohort design, which included patients diagnosed with senile cataract and underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery at primary eye care center Sawangan Eye Clinic within period of June to December 2022. Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Cochran tests were used to analyze the data.
Results : Thirty nine eyes from 39 patients met the inclusion criteria and were followed up to 3-month postoperatively. Mean age of the patients was 61.1±10.54 years, which consited of 53.8% males and 46.2% females. Mean preoperative OSDI score, corneal staining, TBUT, and ST-I were 24.94±10.24, 1.38±1.99, 2.94±2.17, and 15.46±8.80 respectively; while 3-month postoperative, these parameters’ means were 11.22±13.15 (p=0.0001), 1.38±2.56 (p=0.118), 3.13±1.79 (p=0.192), and 13.31±9.45 (p=0.006) respectively. OSDI was the only parameter which showed statistically significant changes from preoperative to postoperative follow ups (p<0.05).
Conclusion : Phacoemulsification did not alter corneal staining and TBUT significantly after 3 months postoperatively, even though both of these parameters' preoperative value were already lower; yet OSDI score improved over time after surgery.
What do we miss in this Orbital Retinoblastoma?
Authors: Caroline Christella , Fedora Ghina , Soraya Siti Halida Zoraida , Yulia Dian Estu 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Orbital retinoblastoma (RB) is a dire event with a bleak prognosis. This report highlights the severe complications of retinoblastoma resulting from insufficient diagnostic and treatment efforts due to inadequate medical resources and socio-economic challenges.
Case Illustration : A 4-year-old boy was brought in with swelling on his left eye socket and jaw, present for two months.He had exhibited leukocoria followed by proptosis 12 months prior and underwent enucleation without dermato-fat graft (DFG) five months ago. Histopathology revealed retinoblastoma without optic nerve invasion. Despite referral to a regional hospital for chemotherapy, he did not receive treatment due to socio-economic constraints. Two months post-operation, the left eye prosthesis spontaneously dislodged, accompanied by an enlarging eye and a left jaw mass. An ophthalmologic assessment disclosed a mass in the left orbital socket, while the right eye appeared normal. A CT scan identified masses in the left orbit, parotid, and masticator spaces, as well as bilateral colli lymphadenopathy. The patient was diagnosed with residual retinoblastoma and received chemotherapy.
Discussion : Imaging is crucial in proptosis patients to determine tumor extent and management strategies. The standard approach involves initial chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and additional chemotherapy. High-risk histological features (HHRF) also warrant chemotherapy, although the presence of such features remains undetermined in this case. Employing multiple treatment modalities may enhance prognosis.
Conclusion : Thorough examination and management are essential in retinoblastoma cases. Patient family education and diligent care play a crucial role in preventing the progression and spread of retinoblastoma.
A RARE CASE : HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: RAHAYU WIDHYASTI1  , Antonia Kartika Indriati  , Rusti Hanindya Sari  , Dianita Veulina Ginting  , Prettyla Yollamanda  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction : Homonymous hemianopia (HH) is a visual field loss in the same halves of the visual field of each eye that is caused by numerous lesion affecting the retrochiasmal visual pathway. Homonymous hemianopia in children is a rare disabling condition and might be found as an initial presentation of brain tumors.
Case Illustration : A 12 years old boy came with chief complaint of partially vision loss on the left side of vision accompanied by intermittent headache. Ophthalmological examination showed visual acuity of 1.0 on both eyes. Visual field examination revealed left homonymous hemianopia (figure 1). These findings were relevant to the result of his brain Computed Tomography (CT) scan, which showed vascular mass in the right occipital lobe caused by suspected arteriovenous malformation mixed diffuse type (figure 2). The patient was referred to neurosurgeon for further management.
Discussion : Visual field defect depends on location of the lesion and can be used to recognize optic pathway diseases. Homonymous hemianopia occurs in retrochiasmal lesions that could happened either in adult or children. Unusual presentation of HH in children caused by brain tumor such as arteriovenous malformation. It might occur in up to 27% and can be detected radiologically with either brain CT scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Conclusion : Visual field loss in pediatric patient might be challenging. Proper and prompt diagnosis is important to detect underlying condition and determine further management of the patient.
Persistent Sub Macular Fluid Accumulation After Retinal Detachment Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: ANASARY A. A. AYU PUTRI PREMATURA SRI , Andayani Ari 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a common cause of visual impairments, with main treatment is a surgical reattachment. Persistent submacular fluid (SMF) can be found, even after ophthalmic confirmation that the retina has reattached and all retinal breaks have sealed. This condition can cause visual impairment and delay in visual recovery.
Case Illustration : A 37-year-old female complained of blurred vision in her left eye for a week, with a history of LASIK four years ago in both eyes. On examination, left eye visual acuity (VA) was 6/9.5 with retinal detachment at 11 – 6 o’clock directions and break in 1 o’clock directions. The patient planned to undergo pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The next day found the VA was 1/300. One month later, the VA was 6/6, but she felt glare and blurred when seeing a near object. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was conducted and found a submacular fluid one month after the operation that persist two months after surgery.
Discussion : Persistent SMF is mostly founds in RRD and treated by scleral buckle, rather than in patients treated with PPV. Other factors that can affect the incidence and delayed absorption is young age and macular status of retinal detachment. Uninvolved macular detachment shows no persistent SMF after PPV, a partly detached macula has a higher incidence of SMF than a detached macula after PPV. SMF is associated with poor initial visual outcome and visual improvement in its resolution.
Conclusion : It remains unclear whether the final VA is affected by the persistent SMF or not.
Bilateral Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma in Patient with Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Case Report
Authors: NURUL MUTHIA ALVIANI  , Yunita Mansyur  , Andi Suryanita Tajuddin  , Budu  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction : Retinal astrocytic hamartomas (RAH) are benign tumors derived from glial cells. It is usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally during screening patients with visual impairment. The variety of lesions in these tumors poses special challenges in their diagnosis and treatment. Modern imaging methods, including as spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), have substantially increased knowledge of these lesions. The aim of this case report is to report a case of retinal astrocytic hamartoma with retinitis pigmentosa in a male patient.
Case Illustration : A 22-year-old man presented with blurred vision with headache for 2 weeks accompanied by floaters, flashes of light and night blindness and the UCVA was 20/100 on both eyes. On fundoscopic examination, we found a well-defined multilobulated lesions with cystic impressions on optic nerve head, arteriolar attenuation, and bone spicule pigmentation in peripheral retina. Ultrasonography examination showed a hyperechoic mass with acoustic shadow on optic nerve head. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) showed hyper-reflective intraretinal mass with “moth-eaten pattern”. Electroretinogram's (ERG) patient showed reduction of a-wave and b-wave. Patient then referred to Low Vision and was given glasses.
Discussion : Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma (RAH) is a benign tumor of the astrocytes and found within the nerve fiber layer of the retina. It is associated with certain types of phakomatosis but also in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Retinitis Pigmentosa can cause visual impairment as illustrated in this case.
Conclusion : Retinal astrocytic hamartomas of the optic nerve head have been described in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. The tumors can be found anywhere. A comprehensive evaluation and examination are required.
Incidence of Dry Eye Syndrome After Cataract Surgery with Phacoemulsification Technique in Padang Eye Center Hospital
Authors: Khalieta Amanda , Sastra Joni 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Dry eyes is one of the most common ophthalmological problems. The etiology of dry eyes is usually multifactorial, such as medication, aging, systemic disease, allergy, computer usage, environmental factors, meibomian gland dysfunction and ophthalmic surgery. Cataract is still one of the leading causes of vision impairment globally. No medical treatment is effective to remove cataract. Thus, the only option is cataract removal surgery. The most common technique of cataract surgery in Padang Eye Center Hospital is phacoemulsification. This study aims to assess the incidence of dry eye syndrome after phacoemulsification surgery without complication in patients with no previous history of dry eye syndrome.
Methods : This study was conducted using a prospective study. The evaluation uses Ocular Surface Disease Index ( OSDI ) questionnaire and tear break-up time ( TBUT ) test performed preoperatively and three times postoperatively at one week, one month and three months follow-up after surgery.
Results : 110 eyes of 96 patients diagnosed with cataracts who had undergone phacoemulsification surgery were enrolled in this study. The mean age of patients is 62.46 ± 6.14 years, and 59,09% were men. After one week of surgery, only 9,09% had results 0-12 on the OSDI scale, and 43,63% represented moderate dry eye disease ( OSDI score 23-32 ) and TBUT test results from 61,82% of patients had dry eyes, which improved gradually after time.
Conclusion : The incidence of dry eye syndrome significantly increased after one-week post-surgery. But after one month postoperative, the patients’ condition gradually improved and returned to normal after three months postoperatively.
A GOOD RESULT IN COMBINATION OF LARGE SUPERIOR RECTUS RECESSION AND PRISMATIC GLASSES IN UNILATERAL DISSOCIATION VERTICAL DEVIATION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Nur Fitriana Corprianti Marchilia  , Prastyani Reni 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Severe DVD is one of the indications for surgery. There are guidelines recommended for management based on grading of severity and the surgeon’s preference. Large recession of superior rectus muscle and prismatic glasses yield good result in unilateral DVD reported in this paper.
Case Illustration : A 21 year-old student stated difficulty in working with his microscope since 2 years ago. He had a history of double vision since childhood. The visual acuity in both eyes were 5/5. Qualitative strabismus examination resulted in hypertropia RE and intermittent exotropia. When the occluder was removed from RE, a non fixating eye would appear elevated and did not correspond with the contralateral eye hypotropia. Krimsky test revealed RE hypertropia 30? PD, exotropia 10? PD. Sensory evaluation using WFDT was normal in near and crossed diplopia in distance. Patient diagnosed with unilateral DVD then underwent superior rectus recession in 10 mm. The following month, patient was still experiencing vertical diplopia. The patient was given 3 PD prismatic glasses. Consequently, diplopia was absent and stereoacuity test using TNO was 480 seconds of arch
Discussion : DVD can’t be fully corrected by surgery due to central cortical innervational problem. The residual symptom can be corrected by conservative management. Large SR recession in combination with prismatic glasses was found to improve vertical deviation and reduce diplopia.
Conclusion : While large superior rectus recession can significantly improve vertical deviation, it can not completely remove binocular symptom
COMPARISON OF CYSTATIN C LEVEL IN TEAR FLUID AND SERUM AS BIOMARKERS IN PRIMARY OCULAR TUMORS
Authors: Ayu Aliyah  , Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Cystatin C is known to play a role in tumor development and is expected to be used as a biomarker in eye tumors. This study aims to compare Cystatin C levels in tear fluid and serum as biomarkers in primary ocular tumors.
Methods : This study is an analytical observational study with a case-control design. A total of 25 subjects with eye tumors in the study group and 25 subjects without eye tumors in the control group were included. Sampling was conducted from April 2022-July 2022 at the Eye Polyclinic of the Reconstructive Ocuplasty and Oncology division. The Mann-Whitney test was used with a significance level of 5%.
Results : There was a significant difference in the tear fluid Cystatin C level between subjects with eye tumors and without eye tumors (p<0.001), with the mean tear fluid Cystatin C in the eye tumor group of 1.43 mg/dL. There was no significant difference in serum Cystatin C levels between groups of subjects with malignant eye tumors and benign eye tumors. However, there was a significant difference in the level of tear fluid Cystatin C between the groups of subjects with malignant eye tumors and benign eye tumors (p=0.042).
Conclusion : In the case group, there was a significant relationship between tear fluid cystatin C levels and eye tumors (p < 0.001).
General Pratitioner
Authors: Heryanti Dr. Carla Oktavia , Dr. Giovani  
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Glaucoma is disturbance of part or all of the visual field caused by damage to the optic nerve and increased intraocular pressure, and obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor, which can lead to complete blindness. Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a common cause of blindness. PACG affects more than 17 million people worldwide. This study aimed to provide prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma patients at Marianum General Hospital, Halilulik, Indonesia.
Methods : This research was a descriptive observational study with secondary data, where there were 21 research subjects. This study presents clinical, sociodemographic, and management data of angle- closure glaucoma patients. Data analysis was carried out univariately with SPSS.
Results : The majority of angle-closure glaucoma patients are older than 40 years old. Mens are found less likely to have PACG than woman. First degree relatives with glaucoma disorders has not provided optimal data in this study. The majority of glaucoma patients in this study have intraocular pressure ? 21 mmHg. The majority of research subjects do not have refractive disorders. The majority of patients receive medical therapy in the form of 2 types of eye drops.
Conclusion : Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is the second most common for of Glaucoma that cause irreversible blindness. Early diagnosis is very important to prevent blindness. The majority of angle- closure glaucoma patients at Marianum General Hospital, Halilulik, Indonesia, have normal intraocular pressure without refractive errors and receive combination therapy of 2-3 eye drops.
A Rare Case of Congenital Corneal Keloids
Authors: Nurul Hikmah  , Elfa Ali Idrus  , Patriotika Muslima  , Arief Akhdestira Mustaram  , Angga Fajriansyah  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : A corneal keloid is a uncommon ophthalmic condition that manifest as proliferation of fibrous tissue in the cornea and presents as an enlarging, white, elevated, well circumscribed corneal lesion. It is a relatively uncommon lesion that typically appears after surgery, injury, or corneal perforation. Pathological examination of the resected specimen leading to a diagnosis of corneal keloid.
Case Illustration : A 6-year-old girl came with chief complaint was blurry vision in both eyes accompanied with a white opacity in her left eye that was gradually growing. The patient has been diagnosed with congenital glaucoma ever since birth. Nobody of her parents acknowledged having a history of inflammatory, infection, or ocular damage. At first glance, her visual acuity appeared to be light reflex in both eyes. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed a pearly white, enhanced opacity with sharp edges and smooth surface in the left eye (figure 1). New vessels were present in the lesion adjacent to the limbus. The patient is undergoing keloids excision, multilayer amnion membrane transplant and fine needle diathermy (figure2).
Discussion : Corneal keloid can present at any age, present as a glistening white enlarging mass on the cornea and well demarcated from the adjacent normal tissue. Histopathologic examination demonstrates a thickened corneal epithelium overlying stroma and hyalinized collagen (figure 3).
Conclusion : A corneal keloid should be suspected in cases of enlarging white glistening avascular corneal scars. Biopsy and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.
COMPARISON OF TEAR FILM BREAKUP PATTERN IN ACTIVE AND INACTIVE THYROID EYE DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Dr Magdalena Purnama Soeprajogo SpM  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the orbit that affects orbital fat, extraocular muscles, periocular tissue and lacrimal glands. TED activity can be assessed with a Clinical Activity Score (CAS) to identify active or inactive TED conditions. Dry Eye Diseases (DED) is one of the manifestations in patients with TED with a prevalence that varies from 27%-96%. The Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) 2017 proposed a new concept for DED diagnosis and therapy, namely Tear Film Oriented Diagnosis (TFOD) and Tear Film Oriented Diagnosis Therapy (TFOT) with Tear Film Breakup Pattern (TBUP) examination. TBUP examination help in determine specific management of DED. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in TBUP in TED patients based on active and inactive.
Methods : This is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were TED patients who came to the Cicendo Eye Hospital and met the inclusion criteria. The study was conducted at the National Eye Center of Cicendo Eye Hospital in April - June 2022. The data were analyzed with the Chi-Square Test.
Results : This study was conducted on 23 patients or 46 eyes. This study found a statistically significant differences in TBUP features in active and inactive TED patients (p=0.0001). The most common features of TBUP was found in active TEDs was dimples (55%).
Conclusion : There are differences of TBUP features in active and inactive TED patient.