bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage‐induced inflammation affects hippocampal plasticity and neuronal development in a murine model of HIV‐1 encephalitis
Authors: Poluektova Larisa , Meyer Vakara , Walters Lisa , Paez Ximena , Gendelman Howard E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments, during progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection, are linked to activation of brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP; perivascular macrophages and microglia). Activated MPs effect a giant cell encephalitis and neuroinflammatory responses that are mirrored in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice injected with human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDM). Whether activated human MDMs positioned in the basal ganglia affect hippocampal neuronal plasticity, the brain subregion involved in learning and memory, is unknown. Thus, immunohistochemical techniques were used for detection of newborn neurons (polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule [PSA‐NCAM]) and cell proliferation (Ki‐67) to assay MDM effects on neuronal development in mouse models of HIV‐1 encephalitis. Immunodeficient (C.B.‐17/SCID and nonobese diabetic/SCID, NOD/SCID) and immune competent (C.B.‐17) mice were injected with uninfected or HIV‐1‐infected MDM. Sham‐operated or unmanipulated mice served as controls. Neuronal plasticity was evaluated in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) at days 7 and 28. By day 7, increased numbers of Ki‐67+ cells, PSA‐NCAM+ cells and dendrites in DG were observed in sham‐operated animals. In contrast, significant reductions in neuronal precursors and altered neuronal morphology paralleled increased microglial activation in both HIV‐1‐infected and uninfected MDM‐injected animals. DG cellular composition was restored at day 28. We posit that activated MDM induce inflammation and diminish DG neuronal plasticity. These data provide novel explanations for the cognitive impairments manifested during advanced HIV‐1 infection. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contactin is expressed in human astrocytic gliomas and mediates repulsive effects
Authors: Eckerich Carmen , Zapf Svenja , Ulbricht Ulrike , Müller Sabine , Fillbrandt Regina , Westphal Manfred , Lamszus Katrin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractContactin is a cell surface adhesion molecule that is normally expressed by neurons and oligodendrocytes. Particularly high levels of contactin are present during brain development. Using subtractive cloning, we identified contactin transcripts as overexpressed in glioblastomas compared with normal brain. We confirmed contactin overexpression in glioblastomas at the protein level, and localized contactin to the surface of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐expressing glioblastoma cells. In contrast, normal astrocytes did not express contactin. Analyzing different types of astrocytic tumors, we detected an association between increasing malignancy grade and contactin expression. Functionally, contactin had repellent effects on glioma cells in vitro, as demonstrated by adhesion and migration assays. Overexpression of contactin by transfection into glioblastoma cells did not alter the proliferation rate or adhesion to various extracellular matrix proteins as well as adhesion to cells expressing the specific contactin ligand the protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ (PTPζ). Our findings suggest that contactin has repellent effects on glioma cells to which it is presented as a ligand, but it does not alter the proliferative or adhesive capacities of cells that overexpress the molecule. The repulsive properties of contactin may be a key factor in glioma disaggregation, and may contribute to the diffuse infiltration pattern characteristic of glioma cells in human brain. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome of screening by clinical examination of the breast in a trial in the Philippines
Authors: Pisani Paola , Parkin D.M. , Ngelangel Corazon , Esteban Divina , Gibson Lorna , Munson Marilou , Reyes Mary Grace , Laudico Adriano 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe value of screening by Clinical Examination of the Breast (CBE) as a means of reducing mortality from breast cancer (BC) is not established. The issue is relevant, as CBE may be a suitable option for countries in economic transition, where incidence rates are on the increase but limited resources do not permit screening by mammography. Our aims were to assess whether mass screening by CBE carried out by trained para‐medical personnel is feasible in an urban population of a low‐income country, and its efficacy in reducing BC mortality. Our study was designed as a randomised controlled trial of the effect on BC mortality of 5 annual CBE carried out by trained nurses. The target population was women aged 35–64 years, resident in 12 municipalities of the National Capital Region of Manila, Philippines. The units of randomization were the 202 health centres (HC) within the selected municipalities. During 1995 nurses and midwives were recruited and trained in performing CBE. The first round of screening took place in 1996–1997. The intervention however showed a refractory attitude of the population with respect to clinical follow‐up and was discontinued after the completion of the first screening round. Cases of breast cancer occurring in the study population during 1996–1999 were identified by the 2 local population‐based registries. In the single screening round 151,168 women were interviewed and offered CBE, 92% accepted (138,392), 3,479 were detected positive for a lump and referred for diagnosis. Of these only 1220 women (35%) completed diagnostic follow‐up, whereas 42.4% actively refused further investigation even with home visits, and 22.5% were not traced. Of 53 cases that occurred among screen‐positive women in the 2 years after CBE only 34 were diagnosed through the intervention. Eighty cases occurred among screen‐negative women. The test sensitivity for CBE repeated annually was 53.2%. The actual sensitivity of the programme was 25.6% and positive predictive value 1%. Screen‐detected cases were non‐significantly less advanced than the others. Previous studies have shown that most breast cancer cases in the Philippines present at advanced stages and have an unfavourable outcome. Although CBE undertaken by health workers seems to offer a cost‐effective approach to reducing mortality, the sensitivity of the screening programme in the real context was low. Moreover, in this relatively well‐educated population, cultural and logistic barriers to seeking diagnosis and treatment persist and need to be addressed before any screening programme is introduced. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Buckling test as a new approach to testing flexural rigidities of angiographic catheters
Authors: Carey Jason , Emery Derek , McCracken Philippe 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe general design of catheters is bound by many needs. Angiographic catheters must be rigid enough to be torquable and to maintain lumen structural integrity, but also flexible enough to bend with the curves of a blood vessel. They should cause minimal tissue damage; avoid biocompatibility‐related complications, and be reliable over time. This study proposes a new testing approach to clearly identify the flexural rigidity of catheters by using a buckling test to evaluate the peak compressive load. This study also tests several angiographic catheters for axial and torsional rigidity. Seven different catheters used for short‐term procedures, with and without reinforcement and of various sizes, were evaluated as a preliminary evaluation of test methods for future in vitro testing of catheters; it was found that the buckling test works very well and provides repeatable results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Effects of the major histocompatibility complex loci and T‐cell receptor beta‐chain repertoire on Theiler's virus‐induced demyelinating disease
Authors: Kim Byung S. , Mohindru Mani , Kang Bongsu , Kang Hyun Seok , Palma Joann P. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe have investigated the potential effects of H‐2 and T‐cell receptor (TCR) Vβ family genes on induction of T‐cell immunity and susceptibility to virally induced demyelinating disease by using BALB.S (H‐2KsAsDs) and BALB.S3R (H‐2KsAsDd/Ld) mice. These parameters were compared with those of highly susceptible SJL/J (H‐2KsAsDs) mice that contain only one‐half of TCR Vβ family genes compared with the above‐mentioned strains. Our results demonstrate that BALB.S but not BALB.S3R mice are susceptible similar to SJL/J mice. Although the level of CD4+ T‐cell infiltration to the CNS was elevated in susceptible mice, virus‐specific immune responses restricted with H‐2s were similar in these mice. No preferential use of Vβ families associated with differences in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) components was apparent. However, the pattern and sequence of CDR3 distribution shows T‐cell clonal accumulation in the CNS associated with the H‐2 components. Further anti‐CD8 antibody treatment of resistant BALB.S3R mice abrogated resistance to demyelinating disease, indicating that CD8+ T cells restricted with H‐2Dd/Ld are most likely to exert resistance in BALB.S3R mice. These studies indicated that TCR Vβ and MHC class II genes are the secondary to a particular MHC class I gene expression in susceptibility to virally induced demyelinating disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial interpolation of monthly mean climate data for China
Authors: Hong Yan , Nix Henry A. , Hutchinson Mike F. , Booth Trevor H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSpline interpolation techniques are used to develop a gridded climate database for China at a resolution of 0.01° in latitude and longitude. A digital elevation model (DEM) was developed at the same resolution to improve the accuracy of interpolation based upon the general spatial dependence of climate on topography. Climate data for the period 1971–2000 from meteorological stations in China were used to develop thin‐plate smoothing spline surfaces for monthly mean temperature and precipitation. A regularly gridded climate database was produced by coupling the spline surfaces with the underlying DEM. The summary statistics show interpolation errors for monthly temperatures varying within 0.42–0.83 °C and 8–13% for monthly precipitation. These estimates are superior to results produced by methods commonly used in China. The fine‐resolution spatial climate database has many potential applications in natural resource management. For example, it can be used as a baseline for climate change studies, in which potential distributions of flora and fauna can be predicted under the impact of climate change and priority areas for biodiversity conservation can be identified. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Heat storage and anthropogenic heat flux in relation to the energy balance of a central European city centre
Authors: Offerle B. , Grimmond C. S. B. , Fortuniak K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe role of net heat storage ΔQS and anthropogenic heat QF are considered in the surface energy balance for a downtown area in Łódź, Poland, for a 2 year period. Eddy covariance measurements provide estimates of the turbulent heat fluxes and radiometric measurements of the net all‐wave radiation. A method to determine ΔQS based on representative surface temperature sampling is employed and compared with results from two other models. Results show that ΔQS is an important flux on the scale of hours to days and that it can be more than 10 W m−2, on average, for periods of a week or more. By incorporating ΔQS estimates over hourly intervals, QF was then determined as the residual of the energy balance. Using the approach, QF averaged 32 W m−2 from October to March (60% of available energy), and −3 W m−2 from June to August. The physically unrealistic negative values for the summer period may suggest underestimation of turbulent fluxes, but no causal factor was identified. Although energy balance closure was close to 100% throughout the year, there was weaker agreement in the winter. This is attributed to errors in estimates of ΔQS and variation in QF. Results highlight the need for future investigations of the urban surface energy balance to incorporate more complete measurements and estimates of ΔQS. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Does H+ pumping by plasmalemma ATPase limit leaf growth of maize (Zea mays) during the first phase of salt stress?
Authors: Zörb Christian , Stracke Berenike , Tramnitz Birgit , Denter Dominique , Sümer Ali , Mühling Karl Hermann , Yan Feng , Schubert Sven 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn the first phase of salt stress, growth of plants is impaired mainly by osmotic stress. To elucidate the effect of NaCl salinity on elongation growth of maize leaves in the first phase of salt stress, we investigated the effect of NaCl on gene expression and activity of the plasmalemma H+ ATPase of elongating leaves of maize (Zea mays L.). Treatment of maize plants with 125 mM NaCl for 3 d decreased leaf growth relative to control plants (1 mM NaCl). Whereas H+ ATPase hydrolytic activity was unaffected, the ability of the H+ ATPase to establish a pH gradient was strongly reduced. Total mRNA of plasmalemma H+ ATPase was slightly increased. However, mRNA of the ATPase isoform MHA1 was significantly reduced and ATPase isoform MHA4 was strongly increased at the mRNA level. Synthesis of total H+ ATPase protein was unchanged as revealed by western blot. The results indicate that reduced pumping of H+ ATPase in leaf plasmalemma under salt stress may be caused by a switch to gene expression of the specific isoform MHA4, which shows inferior H+‐pumping efficiency in comparison to isoforms expressed under control conditions. We propose that reduced H+ pumping of plasmalemma H+ ATPase is involved in the reduction of leaf growth of maize during the first phase of salt stress.
Lanthanum uptake from soil and nutrient solution and its effects on plant growth
Authors: von Tucher Sabine , Schmidhalter Urs 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn view of restrictions in the application of antibiotics in animal production, Lanthanum (La) is intended to be introduced as a new growth promoter for pigs. Because most of the supplied La is subsequently excreted, it will be found in organic fertilizers which are applied to agricultural land. Thus, we examined the effect of lanthanum on the growth and La contents of plants in nutrient solution and in soils as well as its extractability from different soils. In nutrient solutions with concentrations of available La of up to 20 μmol L–1, shoot growth of bush bean was markedly reduced by up to 60% of the control at 20 μM La. By contrast, growth was not affected in maize. Lanthanum was mainly accumulated in the roots, but maize shoot contained considerable amounts of La as well. In contrast to nutrient solution, shoot growth of bush bean and spinach in soils supplemented with La up to 360 μmol kg–1 (50 mg kg–1) was not decreased. In contrast to spinach, bush bean shoots showed an increased La content at the highest La level. Extractability of La with 0.1 mol L–1 acetic acid from 12 different soils previously spiked with La was related mainly to soil pH, CEC, and Corg. We therefore conclude that except of strongly acidic conditions, the application of La‐containing organic fertilizers does not represent a risk for plant growth for the next over 100 years, provided that the recommended doses of feed supplementation is not increased.
Bacterial ecology of ancient Saharan salt‐enrichment ponds at Teguidda‐n‐Tessoumt
Authors: Alvey Samuel , Yang Ching‐Hong , Buerkert Andreas , Crowley David E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLittle is known about the bacterial ecology of evaporative salt‐mining sites (salterns) of which Teguidda‐n‐Tessoumt at the fringe of the West African Saharan desert in Niger is a spectacular example with its many‐centuries‐old and very colorful evaporation ponds. During the different enrichment steps of the salt produced as a widely traded feed supplement for cattle, animal manure is added to the crude brine, which is then desiccated and repeatedly crystallized. This study describes the dominant Bacteria and Archaea communities in the brine from the evaporation ponds and the soil from the mine, which were determined by PCR‐DGGE of 16S rDNA. Correspondence analysis of the DGGE‐community fingerprints revealed a change in community structure of the brine samples during the sequential evaporation steps which was, however, unaffected by the brine's pH and electric conductivity (EC). The Archaea community was dominated by a phylogenetically diverse group of methanogens, while the Bacteria community was dominated by gamma proteobacteria. Microorganisms contained in the purified salt product have the potential to be broadly disseminated and are fed to livestock across the region. In this manner, the salt mines represent an intriguing example of long‐term human activity that has contributed to the continual selection, cultivation, and dissemination of cosmopolitan microorganisms.
Magnetic Dye Affinity Beads for the Adsorption of β‐Casein
Authors: Akgöl Sinan , Bereli Nilay , Denizli Adil 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Casein is well known as a good protein emulsifier and β‐casein is the major component of casein and commercial sodium caseinate. Dye affinity adsorption is increasingly used for protein separation. β‐Casein adsorption onto Reactive Red 120 attached magnetic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (m‐PHEMA) beads was investigated in this work. m‐PHEMA beads (80–120 µm in diameter) were produced by dispersion polymerization. The dichlorotriazine dye Reactive Red 120 was attached covalently as a ligand. The dye attached beads, having a swelling ratio of 55% (w/w) and carrying different amounts of Reactive Red 120 (9.2 µmol · g−1−39.8 µmol · g−1), were used in β‐casein adsorption studies. The effects of the initial concentration, pH, ionic strength and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of dye attached beads were studied in a batch reactor. The non‐specific adsorption on the m‐PHEMA beads was 1.4 mg · g−1. Reactive Red 120 attachment significantly increased the β‐casein adsorption up to 37.3 mg · g−1. More than 95.4% of the adsorbed β‐casein was desorbed in 1 h in a desorption medium containing 1.0 M KSCN at pH 8.0. We concluded that Reactive Red 120 attached m‐PHEMA beads can be applied for β‐casein adsorption without significant losses in the adsorption capacities.Chemical structure of Reactive Red 120.magnified imageChemical structure of Reactive Red 120.
Erosion‐corrosion of Q235 and 5Cr1/2Mo steels in oil with naphthenic acid and/or sulfur compound at high temperature
Authors: Qu D. R. , Zheng Y. G. , Jing H. M. , Jiang X. , Ke W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe erosion‐corrosion behaviors of Q235 steel and 5Cr1/2Mo steel in oil with naphthenic acid and/or sulfur compound at high temperature were studied in a hot oil loop simulating oil refining environments. The effects of impinging flow rate, incidence angle, and total acid number (TAN), and sulfur content on erosion‐corrosion behavior were assessed. The eroded surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XPS. The results showed that both corrosion resistance and hardness of steels play an important role in combating erosion‐corrosion. Sulfide films formed on the surface were significant in understanding the erosion‐corrosion behavior when both naphthenic acid and sulfur compound were present. Erosion‐corrosion regimes were determined on the basis of mechanism analysis of the damage process.
Generalized Prikry forcing and iteration of generic ultrapowers
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIt is known that there is a close relation between Prikry forcing and the iteration of ultrapowers: If U is a normal ultrafilter on a measurable cardinal κ and 〈Mn, jm,n | m ≤ n ≤ ω〉 is the iteration of ultrapowers of V by U, then the sequence of critical points 〈j0,n(κ) | n ∈ ω〉 is a Prikry generic sequence over Mω. In this paper we generalize this for normal precipitous filters. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Color Formation and Gelation of Xyloglucan Upon Addition of Iodine Solutions
Authors: Yuguchi Yoshiaki , Fujiwara Takayuki , Miwa Haruna , Shirakawa Mayumi , Yajima Hirofumi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: We developed a novel thermo‐reversible gelation system by mixing xyloglucan with an iodine solution. Xyloglucan dissolves in water to produce a colorless solution. However, the addition of iodine solution induces color and gelation; heating causes the gel to melt and become colorless. According to results from spectroscopic and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments, the gelation mechanism was proposed to involve two xyloglucan chains that associate side‐by‐side and incorporate iodine and/or iodide ions.Xyloglucan gel prepared by mixing xyloglucan and iodine solution and heating to 60 °C, followed by cooling.imageXyloglucan gel prepared by mixing xyloglucan and iodine solution and heating to 60 °C, followed by cooling.
Analysis of highly polar compounds in groundwater samples from ammunition waste sites. Part I—Characterization of the pollutant spectrum
Authors: Preiss Alfred , Elend Manfred , Gerling Susanne , Tränckner Simone 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFive groundwater samples from the former ammunition production site at Elsnig, Germany, were analyzed for highly polar components by LC–NMR and LC–MS. A variety of unknown pollutants could be identified. Possibilities and limitations of the combined use of LC–NMR and LC–MS techniques for on‐line identification are discussed. Further unknown components were identified through isolation by HPLC cuts and off‐line NMR and MS investigations. Most of the polar compounds in the investigated samples could also be quantified. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful engraftment without radiation after fludarabine‐based regimen in Fanconi anemia patients undergoing genotypically identical donor hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Tan Poh‐Lin , Wagner John E. , Auerbach Arleen D. , DeFor Todd E. , Slungaard Arne , MacMillan Margaret L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundTo potentially reduce late effects of malignancy, chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), endocrinopathy, and infertility in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) undergoing HLA‐matched related donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), we developed a regimen using fludarabine (FLU), cyclophosphamide (CY), and anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) followed by infusion of T‐cell depleted (TCD) bone marrow (BM) or unmanipulated umbilical cord blood (UCB). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and short course methylprednisolone.ProcedureBetween April 2000 and June 2003, 11 patients (10 aplastic anemia (AA), 1 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)) underwent HCT using this regimen. Stem cell sources were BM and UCB in eight and three patients, respectively.ResultsAll patients demonstrated primary engraftment. Median days to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 11 days (range 9–21) and 38 days (range 19–381), respectively. No patient developed GVHD after primary HCT. The patient with MDS relapsed with AML and a maternal donor recipient experienced secondary graft failure. For the nine FA patients with AA who underwent HLA‐identical sibling donor HCT, the Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall survival and event‐free survival (EFS) at 2 years are 100% and 82%, respectively, at a median follow‐up of 2.9 years (range 1.9–4.8).ConclusionsIn summary, a FLU‐based, non‐irradiation approach is effective for FA patients with AA undergoing HLA‐identical sibling donor HCT. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.