bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the contribution of material science in quantum cryptography: A scientometric study
Authors: Sharma Priya , Gupta Vrinda , Sood Sandeep K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantum cryptography (QC) provides security to information through laws of nature, particularly quantum mechanics. The necessity of making QC a living reality has provided the impetus to advancement in material science, which led to many publications since 1996. Therefore, in this work, we analyze the articles in the Scopus database concerning the contribution of material science in the development of QC through scientometric methods. A total of 1395 articles published from 1996 to 2022 were retrieved from the Scopus database. Subsequently, these articles were analyzed to retrieve publication patterns, major collaborating nations, significant documents, recent trends, and future directions. A comprehensive introduction to QC is also included to facilitate a better grasp of this field for a wide range of readers. The findings of this study show that China is the leading nation in developing QC through material science, closely followed by the United States and India. Moreover, the study indicates significant areas of QC where extensive work is being done from the material science standpoint through keyword and significant document analysis. Hence, the outcomes of this article can be valuable for researchers, newcomers, technology managers, and policymakers interested in the future of QC.
Unraveling trait‐based fish community assembly in tropical reservoirs
Authors: Camara Ellen Martins , Araújo Francisco Gerson , de Azevedo Márcia Cristina Costa , Mattos Tailan Moretti , Guedes Gustavo Henrique Soares , Uehara Wagner 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDamming of large rivers has promoted well‐documented ecosystem changes that constitute critical threats to freshwater fish biodiversity. However, it is unclear how trait–environment relationships drive community assembly in older (>50 years) tropical river‐reservoir systems. We assessed physical features filtering functional traits (RLQ and fourth‐corner approaches) in seven tropical reservoirs along a major river, in southeastern Brazil, and correlated taxonomic and functional counterparts of local and beta diversity to assess niche‐based assembly processes under prevailing environmental conditions (null model approach). Lower littoral habitat availability (smaller area, volume, and riverine influence) favored species inhabiting open areas that feed on the bottom (mostly migratory species). Downstream position (lower elevation and inflow of water from the mainstem) allowed migrators to enter the reservoirs and promoted environmental heterogeneity, favoring detritivores, invertivores, and carnivorous generalists. Total blocking of the main channel excluded most migratory species from reservoirs at upstream reaches, whereas higher riverine influence and hydrological stability (larger area, volume, and water residence time) favored small‐sized sedentary species (omnivores and piscivores with parental care, mostly non‐native species) in the littoral zone. Correlations differing from null expectations for alpha diversity and nestedness revealed that niche‐based processes support species richness and loss under higher riverine influence and hydrological stability. Our study supports the importance of physical features to set functional spaces available for fish species, but random processes that boost taxonomic differences between reservoirs, largely related to non‐native species introductions, are the primary drivers of fish assemblage structure in tropical reservoirs long‐term disconnected from riverine dynamics.
The role of health demands, health resources, and adaptability in psychological strain and life satisfaction
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Collie Rebecca J. , Holliman Andrew J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present study harnessed job demands‐resources theory to identify key predictors of psychological strain (feeling overwhelmed by one's problems) and life satisfaction among a sample of 1060 adults randomly selected from the Australian electoral roll. The investigation sought to ascertain: (a) the relative contribution of health demands (e.g., inadequate health treatment) and health resources (e.g., access to helpful health‐related information) in predicting psychological strain and life satisfaction, (b) the extent to which a recently proposed personal resource—adaptability—explained variance in wellbeing beyond individuals' health demands and resources, and (c) the role of psychological strain in predicting life satisfaction in the context of these demands and resources. Applying structural equation modelling we found that contextual health demands predicted greater psychological strain, individual health resources and adaptability both predicted lower psychological strain and greater life satisfaction, and psychological strain predicted lower life satisfaction. Notably, the adverse effects of health demands reduced significantly when health resources and adaptability were entered into the modelling. Taken together, the findings offer support for a health demands‐resources framework that may be applied to better support individuals to respond to the stressors in their lives and in turn boost their sense of subjective wellbeing.
A Self‐Healing Conductive Elastomer Based on a Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Weng Ling , Zhang Xiaorui , Wu Zijian , Guan Lizhu , Li Xue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConductive elastomers are extensively used in electronics; however, they are prone to mechanical damage, have shortened service life, and cause environmental pollution and resource waste under the influence of external factors. Therefore, conductive elastomers with rapid self‐healing properties are crucial for solving these problems. To that end, a conductive elastomer based on a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent as the matrix is developed in this study. The contents of certain small molecules and conductive particles are adjusted to yield a conductive elastomer with excellent comprehensive performance. The elastomer exhibited noteworthy fracture strength (15.7 MPa), ultrahigh fracture elongation (2400%), excellent light transmittance (95.6%), and remarkable self‐healing characteristics, with complete electrical healing achieved within 0.6 s, ≈63% strain, and ≈64% stress recovered within 1 min, and healing efficiency close to 99% realized within 24 h. By leveraging these properties, the elastomer is used to construct a sensor that exhibited a gauge factor of ≈0.574 in the strain range 0–2400% and excellent stability. Moreover, the CCK‐8 toxicity test and fluorescence staining experiment have demonstrated that conductive elastomers have excellent cell compatibility and also have excellent potential in the field of biomedicine. In particular, the sensor is effectively applied in human motion detection, health monitoring.
Guiding the Driving Factors on Plasma Super‐Photothermal S‐Scheme Core‐Shell Nanoreactor to Enhance Photothermal Catalytic H2 Evolution and Selective CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xiao Yawei , Wang Zhezhe , Yao Bo , Cao Minhua , Wang Yude 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLight‐induced heat has a non‐negligible role in photocatalytic reactions. However, it is still challenging to design highly efficient catalysts that can make use of light and thermal energy synergistically. Herein, the study proposes a plasma super‐photothermal S‐scheme heterojunction core‐shell nanoreactor based on manipulation of the driving factors, which consists of α‐Fe2O3 encapsulated by g‐C3N4 modified with gold quantum dots. α‐Fe2O3 can promote carrier spatial separation while also acting as a thermal core to radiate heat to the shell, while Au quantum dots transfer energetic electrons and heat to g‐C3N4 via surface plasmon resonance. Consequently, the catalytic activity of Au/α‐Fe2O3@g‐C3N4 is significantly improved by internal and external double hot spots, and it shows an H2 evolution rate of 5762.35 µmol h−1 g−1, and the selectivity of CO2 conversion to CH4 is 91.2%. This work provides an effective strategy to design new plasma photothermal catalysts for the solar‐to‐fuel transition.
Ferric Oxide Nanocrystals‐Embedded Co/Fe‐MOF with Self‐Tuned d‐Band Centers for Boosting Urea‐Assisted Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Jiameng , He Linghao , Tao Zheng , Li Sizhuan , Wang Changbao , Zhang Yinpeng , Zhang Shuai , Du Miao , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel semiconductive Co/Fe‐MOF embedded with Fe2O3 nanocrystals (Fe2O3@CoFe‐MOF) is developed as a trifunctional electrocatalyst for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction for enhancing the efficiency of the hydrogen production via the urea‐assisted overall water splitting. Fe2O3@CoFe‐TPyP‐MOF comprises unsaturated metal‐nitrogen coordination sites, affording enriched defects, self‐tuned d‐band centers, and efficient π–π interaction between different layers. Density functional theory calculation confirms that the adsorption of urea can be optimized at Fe2O3@CoFe‐TPyP‐MOF, realizing the efficient adsorption of intermediates and desorption of the final product of CO2 and N2 characterized by the in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The two‐electrode urea‐assisted water splitting device‐assembled with Fe2O3@CoFe‐TPyP‐MOF illustrates a low cell voltage of 1.41 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, attaining the hydrogen production rate of 13.13 µmol min−1 in 1 m KOH with 0.33 m urea. The in situ electrochemical Raman spectra and other basic characterizations of the used electrocatalyst uncover that Fe2O3@CoFe‐TPyP‐MOF undergoes the reversible structural reconstruction after the UOR test, while it demonstrates the irreversible reconstruction after the OER measurement. This work redounds the progress of urea‐assisted water spitting for hydrogen production.
Unraveling the Performance Descriptors for Designing Single‐Atom Catalysts on Defective MXenes for Exclusive Nitrate‐To‐Ammonia Electrocatalytic Upcycling
Authors: Gao Xutao , Tse Edmund C. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a promising approach for converting nitrate into environmentally benign or even value‐added products such as ammonia (NH3) using renewable electricity. However, the poor understanding of the catalytic mechanism on metal‐based surface catalysts hinders the development of high‐performance NO3RR catalysts. In this study, the NO3RR mechanism of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is systematically explored by constructing single transition metal atoms supported on MXene with oxygen vacancies (Ov‐MXene) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results indicate that Ag/Ov‐MXene (for precious metal) and Cu/Ov‐MXene (for non‐precious metal) are highly efficient SACs for NO3RR toward NH3, with low limiting potentials of −0.24 and −0.34 V, respectively. Furthermore, these catalysts show excellent selectivity toward ammonia due to the high energy barriers associated to the formation of byproducts such as NO2, NO, N2O, and N2 on Ag/Ov‐MXene and Cu/Ov‐MXene, effectively suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The findings not only offer new strategies for promoting NH3 production by MXene‐based SACs electrocatalysts under ambient conditions but also provide insights for the development of next‐generation NO3RR electrocatalysts.
Promoting Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance by Integrating MoS2@Gd2O3/MXene Multiple Hetero‐Interfaces in Wood‐Derived Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Shen Mengxia , Qi Jiale , Xu Xinyu , Li Jinbao , Xu Yongjian , Yang Hao , Gao Kun , Huang Jianfeng , Li Jiayin , Shang Zhen , Ni Yonghao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMulti‐component composite materials with a magnetic‐dielectric synergistic effect exhibit satisfactory electromagnetic wave absorption performance. However, the effective construction of the structure for these multi‐component materials to fully exploit the advantages of each component remains a challenge. Inspired by natural biomass, this study utilizes wood as the raw material and successfully prepares high‐performance MoS2@Gd2O3/Mxene loaded porous carbon aerogel (MGMCA) composite material through a one‐pot hydrothermal method and carbonization treatment process. With a delicate structural design, the MGMCA is endowed with abundant heterogeneous interface structures, favorable impedance matching characteristics, and a magnetic‐dielectric synergistic system, thus demonstrating multiple electromagnetic wave loss mechanisms. Benefiting from these advantages, the obtained MGMCA exhibits outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss of −57.5 dB at an ultra‐thin thickness of only 1.9 mm. This research proposes a reliable strategy for the design of multi‐component composite materials, providing valuable insight for the design of biomass‐based materials as electromagnetic wave absorbers.
Machine learning approach for determining the water quality of freshwater lakes: A case study on selected lakes of Chennai, India
Authors: Venkatesh Chintala , Tharanikumar L. , Ashokkumar M. , Gopirajan Punniyakotti Varadharajan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMonitoring freshwater quality in urban like Chennai is indispensable as the chief drinking water source for the city originates from freshwater lakes. This study portrays an economical, user‐friendly, economical method to detect water quality. A machine learning‐based portable water quality check test kit was developed along with a user interface. To validate the efficiency of the portable kit, this study focussed on the ten major freshwater lakes of Chennai City. Basic quality parameters of water, such as the potential of hydrogen (pH), level of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and total phosphate (T.P.), were considered when designing this mobile phone‐compatible user interface application. The experiment used and tested water samples from ten different lakes with the commercially available freshwater master test kit. The images of color developed during the test were captured, and corresponding Red, Green, Blue (RGB) values were calculated. These values were used in Igray, Iavg, and Euclidean distance algorithms to predict the pollution level of the samples. Based on the models, the Euclidean model fitted well with the calibration data with a correlation value of more than 0.98 for all the parameters. Percent accuracy values of the methods used in this study were compared, and the Euclidean model showed more than 98% accuracy for all parameters. The result of this study is alarming that all the ten freshwater lakes considered in this study were hypereutrophic.
If democracy fails in the United States, it fails everywhere
Authors: Khorram‐Manesh Amir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this editorial, the author argues that social and political values in a democratic United States of America have significant global impacts on the development of justice, human rights, and democracy. Abandoning these values in favor of national interests may result in the development of new undemocratic nations and facilitate the emergence of narcissistic sociopathic leaders.
Orthogeriatric and Fragility Fracture Nursing: An Introduction
Authors: Santy-Tomlinson Julie , Hertz Karen , Meehan Anita J. , Hommel Ami , Marques Andréa , Peng Lingli , Speerin Robyn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCaring for people following a fragility fracture is often a complex, medium- to long-term undertaking with several phases from acute care through to rehabilitation and secondary fracture prevention. Fragility fractures can have a substantial impact on older peoples’ longer term function, place of residence and quality of life, sometimes leading to long-term residential or end-of-life care.Health professionals caring for patients following fragility fracture are required to provide evidence-based care and coordinate interdisciplinary care. Not all ‘care’ is provided by those professionals who are identified as nurses, and in the future the boundaries of care-giving roles are likely to be more flexible. For these reasons, this book, although focused on nursing (because a significant amount of fragility facture/orthogeriatric care is provided by them), aims to broaden its relevance to all healthcare professionals who provide care in any part of the world.Avoiding the devastating impacts of fragility fractures drives the need to prevent fractures through secondary fracture prevention. This prevention care is lifelong and usually delivered and monitored by a primary care team including general practitioners, nurses, physiotherapists and other specialist practitioners. The pathway of care is, therefore, dynamic and involves the collaboration of many individuals and agencies.Fragility fractures are important indicators that there may be undiagnosed osteoporosis that requires treatment to prevent further fractures. If left untreated, osteoporosis and associated bone fragility can, ultimately, lead to significant injuries such as hip or femoral fractures, which will require hospital admission and surgery, and severely threaten an individual’s health and well-being. This presents significant challenges for clinical teams in every care setting.The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to orthogeriatric and fragility fracture care and to both familiarise them with the multiple topics covered in this book and support the interdisciplinary care team in achieving optimal recovery of independent function and quality of life, with no further fractures for all people with fragility fractures.
Wound Management
Authors: Bååth Carina , Hommel Ami 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWound healing is the process by which the function of damaged tissue is restored following surgery, trauma or other sources of tissue damage. The management of wounds is a fundamental aspect of the management of the patient following a fragility fracture, especially following a hip fracture and associated surgery. Ageing skin and multiple comorbidities are significant factors in skin injury and wound healing problems.The effective evidence-based management of surgical wounds following surgery after a fragility fracture can be challenging as ageing and comorbidities affect wound healing. Skin and wound care involves careful skin and wound assessment and attention to infection prevention measures while managing the factors affecting wound healing. Clinical considerations in wound management also include maintaining adequate nutrition, moisture, treating oedema and preventing further injury.This chapter aims to provide an overview of skin and wound assessment and evidence-based care interventions that can optimise wound healing in older people with fragility fractures.
Delirium and Other Altered Cognitive States
Authors: Georgi Elizabeth , Meehan Anita J. , Gardeli Panagiota , Cross Jason 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDelirium is a common complication following surgery, particularly among older patients. Often described as an ‘acute confusional state’ delirium can take the form of hyperactive, hypoactive, or mixed delirium. Prompt diagnosis, and its causal factors, is vital in optimising management and recovery from delirium. While pharmacological management has its place within delirium care, non-pharmacological care and interventions are central to optimising outcomes. Many practitioners feel they lack knowledge when it comes to the best delirium care although many of the key interventions can be carried out by any healthcare professional.Dementia and depression can also affect a patient’s experience and their outcomes. While different in their own rights, ‘the 3 D’s’ (dementia, depression, delirium) can be mistaken for each other, leading to misdiagnosis. Practitioners should feel confident in how to recognise each and how the management for each can be both similar and unique. With all cognitive impairments the patient’s ability to give consent, or not, should always be considered. Steps should be taken to optimise their decision-making abilities or confirm a lack of capacity via formal testing.
Rehabilitation
Authors: Beaupre Lauren , Mangione Kathleen , Queirós Carmen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFollowing a fragility fracture, patients face a long journey to recovery and often require extended care from multiple carers/providers in both hospital and community settings. Beyond the physical challenges to recovery, social and psychological factors can also affect the rehabilitation and recovery process. This chapter focuses on rehabilitation across the care continuum, including interprofessional care. The aim of the chapter is to promote the role of nurses and other practitioners in progressing mobility through the rehabilitation process. Decline in mobility after a fragility fracture is common and should be directly addressed by the Rehabilitation Team (rehabilitation nurse, physiotherapist, and/or occupational therapist). Intentionally making exercises more difficult (progressive overload), choosing exercises and activities specific to the patient’s goals and functional level (specificity), and a targeted and concrete plan for continued activity and movement after discharge are all essential to returning the patient to their pre-fracture functional level.
Discharge and Post-hospital Care
Authors: Martinsen Mette Irene , de Lima Maria Eduarda Batista , Rudolph Alcinda Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA well-planned discharge can reduce the risk of adverse outcomes and readmissions. A multidisciplinary approach and good communication both with the patient and family/informal caregivers as well as primary care throughout the process is essential for a safe discharge. Facilitating patient participation when planning discharge and post-hospital care can increase their health and well-being.This chapter aims to give an overview of best practice in discharge planning, discharge and post-hospital care following fragility fracture and describe different case management models.
Ethical Issues
Authors: Spirgienė Lina , Blaževičienė Aurelija , Santy-Tomlinson Julie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHealth and social care professionals meet ethical dilemmas constantly. Being able to make clinical decisions based on sound ethical principles is central to compassionate care and should underpin all the topics covered in this book. The decline in health, and wellbeing that often follows a fragility fracture threatens wellbeing, especially when we have limited capacity or and diminished power over their own lives and decisions. These challenges make a person vulnerable because they may be unable to take care of themselves and/or to protect themselves from loss of dignity, harm, or exploitation. The aim of this chapter is to provide practitioners with information about ethical principles and dilemmas in caring for patients with fragility fractures so that they can provide ethically sensitive care, including at the end of life.