bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of detection methods for carbonation depth of concrete
Authors: Li Bei , Tian Ye , Zhang Guoyi , Liu Yu , Feng Huiping , Jin Nanguo , Jin Xianyu , Wu Hongxiao , Shao Yinzhe , Yan Dongming , Zhou Zheng , Wang Shenshan , Zhang Zhiqiang , Chen Jin , Chen Xiaodong , Lu Yunjun , Li Xinyi , Wang Jiaxi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents comprehensive research of the advantages and applicability of various concrete carbonation detection methods. Employing a combination of Phenolphthalein indicator (PI), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray phase analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Quantitative calcium carbonate analysis (CA), a detailed comparison to determine the carbonation depth in the partial carbonation zone of concrete specimens is conducted. Among the quantitative analysis methods, CA measures CaCO3 content based on chemical reactions, while TGA obtains the concentration distribution of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Among qualitative analysis methods, XRD tested the intensity distribution of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, while FTIR traced the characteristic peaks of C-O functional groups in a specific spectral range to determine the depth of carbonation of concrete. Results indicate that the depth of carbonation values measured by CA, TGA, XRDA, and FTIR are 2–3 times higher than those measured by PI. This research may provide valuable insights for the design of carbonation detection in concrete.
The effects of CPET-guided cardiac rehabilitation on exercise tolerance in older persons with CHD after PCI
Authors: Shen Tao , Wang Yuwei , Ren Chuan , Song Yanxin , Gao Wei , Liu Fen , Li Gang , Wei Zhimin , Wang Peng , Zhao Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrescribing appropriate exercise is an important means to improve the safety and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation. Improper exercise may induce an increased cardiovascular risk in older persons with coronary heart disease. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)-guided cardiac rehabilitation could be helpful for providing clinical evidence for cardiac rehabilitation therapy in older persons after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We retrospectively included older persons who underwent PCI and cardiac rehabilitation based on CPET at the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. Patients’ baseline and follow-up clinical data were collected. A total of 403 older persons after PCI were included in the study. The mean age was 80.5 ± 4.3. The mean follow-up time was 12 ± 2 months. During the follow-up period, no significant exercise-related adverse events occurred, and the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) increased compared with baseline (15.5 ± 3.8 ml/min/kg vs. 17.3 ± 4.1 ml/min/kg). Among the 90 patients (22.2%) without exercise habits at baseline who started regular exercise during follow-up, the improvement in VO2peak was most significant, at 3.2 ± 0.4 ml/min/kg. Cardiac rehabilitation based on CPET improved exercise habits and exercise tolerance in older persons with coronary heart disease after PCI.
Seasonally distinct contributions of greenhouse gases and anthropogenic aerosols to historical changes in Arctic moisture budget
Authors: Choi Hwa-Jin , Min Seung-Ki , Yeh Sang-Wook , An Soon-Il , Kim Baek-Min 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArctic hydrological cycle has important global implications through modifying deep ocean circulation via fresh water fluxes. However, attribution of the observed changes in Arctic moisture budget remains challenging due to the lack of reliable observations. Here, as a first step, past changes in hydrological cycle over the Arctic were evaluated using CMIP6 historical simulations. To examine possible influences of individual external forcings, CMIP6 multi-model simulations performed under natural-plus-anthropogenic (ALL), greenhouse gas (GHG), natural (NAT), and aerosol (AER) forcings were compared. Results indicate that Arctic precipitation and evaporation increase in ALL and GHG but decrease in AER. In ALL and GHG, Arctic precipitation increases in summer mainly due to enhanced poleward moisture transport whereas Arctic moistening during winter is affected more by increased surface evaporation over sea-ice retreat areas. In AER, Arctic precipitation tends to decrease due to reduced evaporation over sea-ice advance areas during cold months. Poleward meridional moisture flux (MMF) across 70°N is the strongest in summer due to the highest moisture. GHG has stronger MMF than other forcing simulations due to larger increase in moisture in line with stronger warming. The MMF response is found to be largely determined by variations in transient eddies with distinct seasonal and regional contributions.
Implications of different cell death patterns for prognosis and immunity in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yang , Gao Weitong , Xu Yu , Wang Jiale , Wang Xueying , Shan Liying , Du Lijuan , Sun Qingyu , Li Hongyan , Liu Fang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has become a focus of attention due to its low response to treatment, poor prognosis, and lack of reliable indicators to predict the progression or therapeutic effect of LUAD. Different cell death patterns play a crucial role in tumor development and are promising for predicting LUAD prognosis. From the TCGA and GEO databases, we obtained bulk transcriptomes, single-cell transcriptomes, and clinical information. Genes in 15 types of cell death were analyzed for cell death index (CDI) signature establishment. The CDI signature using necroptosis + immunologic cell death-related genes was established in the TCGA cohort with the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year AUC values were 0.772, 0.736, 0.723, 0.795, and 0.743, respectively. The prognosis was significantly better in the low CDI group than in the high CDI group. We also investigated the relationship between the CDI signature and clinical variables, published prognosis biomarkers, immune cell infiltration, functional enrichment pathways, and immunity biomarkers. In vitro assay showed that HNRNPF and FGF2 promoted lung cancer cell proliferation and migration and were also involved in cell death. Therefore, as a robust prognosis biomarker, CDI signatures can screen for patients who might benefit from immunotherapy and improve diagnostic accuracy and LUAD patient outcomes.
Pathway selection in the self-assembly of Rh4L4 coordination squares under kinetic control
Authors: Okazawa Atsushi , Sanada Naoki , Takahashi Satoshi , Sato Hirofumi , Hiraoka Shuichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPathway selection principles in reversible reaction networks such as molecular self-assembly have not been established yet, because achieving kinetic control in reversible reaction networks is more complicated than in irreversible ones. In this study, we discovered that coordination squares consisting of cis-protected dinuclear rhodium(II) corner complexes and linear ditopic ligands are assembled under kinetic control, perfectly preventing the corresponding triangles, by modulating their energy landscapes with a weak monotopic carboxylate ligand (2,6-dichlorobenzoate: dcb–) as the leaving ligand. Experimental and numerical approaches revealed the self-assembly pathway where the cyclization step to form the triangular complex is blocked by dcb–. It was also found that one of the molecular squares assembled into a dimeric structure owing to the solvophobic effect, which was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Dynamic social interactions and keystone species shape the diversity and stability of mixed-species biofilms – an example from dairy isolates
Authors: Sadiq Faizan Ahmed , De Reu Koen , Steenackers Hans , Van de Walle Ann , Burmølle Mette , Heyndrickx Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Identifying interspecies interactions in mixed-species biofilms is a key challenge in microbial ecology and is of paramount importance given that interactions govern community functionality and stability. We previously reported a bacterial four-species biofilm model comprising Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Bacillus licheniformis, Microbacterium lacticum, and Calidifontibacter indicus that were isolated from the surface of a dairy pasteuriser after cleaning and disinfection. These bacteria produced 3.13-fold more biofilm mass compared to the sum of biofilm masses in monoculture. The present study confirms that the observed community synergy results from dynamic social interactions, encompassing commensalism, exploitation, and amensalism. M. lacticum appears to be the keystone species as it increased the growth of all other species that led to the synergy in biofilm mass. Interactions among the other three species (in the absence of M. lacticum) also contributed towards the synergy in biofilm mass. Biofilm inducing effects of bacterial cell-free-supernatants were observed for some combinations, revealing the nature of the observed synergy, and addition of additional species to dual-species combinations confirmed the presence of higher-order interactions within the biofilm community. Our findings provide understanding of bacterial interactions in biofilms which can be used as an interaction–mediated approach for cultivating, engineering, and designing synthetic bacterial communities.
Ferrocene: an exotic building block for supramolecular assemblies
Authors: Guchhait Chandrakanta , Suriyaa Vembanan , Sahu Nihar , Sarkar Sovik Dey , Adhikari Bimalendu 
Published: November 2023

Beyond organometallics, ferrocene supports a range of noncovalent interactions for the development of host-guest assemblies, molecular receptors, supramolecular polymers, gels, metal-organic, out-of-equilibrium and metal nanoparticle assemblies.
Ti3C2Tx nanosheet@Cu/Fe-MOF separators for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries: an experimental and density functional theory study
Authors: Kiai Maryam Sadat , Ponnada Srikanth , Eroglu Omer , Mansoor Mubashir , Aslfattahi Navid , Nguyen Vinh , Gadkari Siddarth , Sharma Rakesh K. 
Published: November 2023

Conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheet/Fe-MOF or Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheet/Cu-MOF layer was coated on a glass fiber separator to act as a polysulfide trapping layer. .
A lightweight true random number generator based on multi‐stage sampling the current starve based ring oscillator
Authors: Cao Yuan , Wang Ruoyu , Huang Zhao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this letter, a novel true random number generator (TRNG) with high energy‐efficient and throughput is proposed for cryptographic systems. The current starve based ring oscillator (CSRO) is biased in the subthrehold region as an entropy source. An individual ring oscillator (RO) is sampled using multiple sampling points of the CSRO working in the sub‐threshold region to obtain a multi‐channel sequence output, thereby fully exploiting the randomness of the entropy source. The proposed TRNG is implemented using a standard 40nm CMOS technology and the simulation results show that it provides high‐quality and 20.66 Mbps random sequences while only consuming 11.46 μW at 1.1 V, 25°C. In addition, the proposed TRNG passes the NIST SP 800‐22 and the NIST SP 800‐90B tests without post‐processing and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in terms of energy consumption per bit of the output bitstream, reaching 0.555pJ/bit.
The statistical properties analysis of reconstruction error in greedy pursuit algorithms: Taking OMP as an example
Authors: Xiao Lei , Han Yubing , Ma Xiaofeng , Dai Minghui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGreedy pursuit algorithms are widely used in sparse signal processing for their computational efficiency. However, research on the reconstruction error properties is far from comprehensive. This paper derives the statistical properties of reconstruction error in greedy pursuit algorithms, including probability density function (PDF), expectation, and covariance. The reconstruction error follows a mixture distribution, which is composed of multiple multivariate random variables and weighted by the probability of support sets. The multivariate random variable obeys a truncated distribution that results from restricting the noise domain. The validity of the derivations is verified by using the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm as an example.
Electromagnetic design of an ultra‐high‐speed bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Xiaoyuan Wang , Na Li , Tianyuan Li , Yuhao Xu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAiming at the problem of high‐speed motors being limited by multiple physical fields, which makes it difficult to achieve ultra‐high‐speed stable operation and develop towards higher speeds and higher power, an ultra‐high‐speed bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor (UBPMSM) is proposed. Based on the mathematical model of suspension force for the bearingless permanent magnet motor considering the rotor eccentricity and load condition, the electromagnetic design method for UBPMSM is proposed. According to this method, the topology, torque system and suspension force system of a 10 kw 100k r/min UBPMSM are theoretically designed. The finite element method (FEM) is used to analyse the electromagnetic performance, which verifies the correctness of the proposed design method for UBPMSM. Further analysis and selection of winding span combinations are conducted to obtain better torque and suspension performance.
An improved decision tree‐based method for evaluating transient overvoltage caused by commutation failure in LCC‐HVDC systems
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Qin Boyu , Gao Xin , Zhang Yixing , Ding Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe commutation failure is the most prevalent fault in line‐commutated converter based high‐voltage direct current systems, which may result in transient overvoltage on the sending‐side system. Overvoltage level evaluation has become a crucial task for power industries to assess the tripping risk of large‐scale wind turbines and implement effective stability control measures. In this paper, a derivation of the mathematical relationship between the reactive power consumed by the rectifier and AC voltage is presented firstly, along with an analytical expression for the peak value of transient overvoltage. Secondly, decision tree (DT) model is adopted to extract the mapping relationship between transient overvoltage and massive electrical quantities of power grids. The common DT algorithm is transformed by modifying the error weight assignment, which reflects the error tolerances for different actual overvoltage regions. On this basis, an overvoltage analysis method integrating the model‐driven and data‐driven techniques is proposed, and the improved DT algorithm is applied to fast error correction, enhancing the interpretability of regression prediction results. Case studies were performed in the simulation system of Northwest China local power grid with transient overvoltage problems, and the simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Structural design and simulation study of intelligent defect elimination equipment for high‐voltage transmission line pin defects
Authors: Pei Shaotong , Sun Haichao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransmission lines may suffer from pin defects, necessitating regular patrols and maintenance. The traditional maintenance approach not only involves a substantial workload and low efficiency but also poses a threat to the safety of maintenance personnel. To address the issue of pin defects in high‐voltage transmission lines, this paper introduces the design of an intelligent pin‐eliminating robot. The research focuses on two main aspects: firstly, analyzing the transmission line environment and employing Solidworks software to design the mechanical structure of the robot. Subsequently, a static stress analysis of the robot's structure is conducted to ensure the rationality of the design. The second aspect addresses the impact of the robot on the electric field distribution of the transmission line in high electric field intensity areas and whether the robot itself experiences discharge phenomena. COMSOL simulation software is utilized to globally calculate and analyze the electric field of the robot. Research results indicate that the threshold for the curvature radius of the pin‐eliminating robot's tip is 2.5mm, and values below this threshold may lead to the occurrence of discharge phenomena. The optimized pin‐eliminating robot, under normal operation, does not exhibit discharge phenomena in a 500kV strong electric field.
Protection scheme for LVDC distribution network based on stepwise blocking of power electronic transformer
Authors: Guo Yongfan , Zheng Tao , Lv Wenxuan , Li Yifan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCascaded H‐bridge power electronic transformers (CHB‐PET) can efficiently connect AC/DC distribution networks, realizing power transmission and electric energy conversion. Once a pole‐to‐pole DC fault occurs on the low‐voltage direct current (LVDC) side of CHB‐PET, the fault current has a fast rise and high amplitude, which easily leads to the rapid blocking of power electronic devices and makes it difficult for DC line protection to obtain fault information. A stepwise blocking scheme of PET is proposed for LVDC network protection. When the fault on the LVDC side of PET is detected, cascaded H‐bridge and low‐voltage H‐bridge of dual‐active‐bridge are blocked first, and then high‐voltage H‐bridge of dual‐active‐bridge is blocked after a 5 ms delay. The stepwise blocking can provide fault information for DC line protection. On this basis, wavelet packet transform is employed to extract different frequency components of fault current. The energy of the specific frequency band corresponding to the switching frequency of DAB and the total energy of all frequency bands contained in the fault current is calculated; then their ratio can be utilized to construct the protection scheme. Finally, the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed protection scheme based on stepwise blocking of CHB‐PET.
Outage probability of two‐way hybrid satellite‐terrestrial relaying networks with hardware impairments
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Mu Tong , Tao Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe system outage probability of two‐way hybrid satellite‐terrestrial relaying networks with hardware impairments is investigated, using a novel method which features appropriate signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion ratio expression adjustment. A concise closed‐form lower bound expression is derived, which is in good agreement with the exact outage probability in all signal‐to‐noise ratio regions. Based on the tight bound, an asymptotic expression is obtained, revealing that the hardware impairments coin the system outage probability ceiling. The deducing method, characterized by generality, can be applicable to various realistic fading channels. Simulation results validate the derived expressions.
Research of trusted real‐time electrical data transmission mechanism based on Parallel Proof of Work algorithm
Authors: Yiming Chen , Dongliang Gao , Yuxuan Yang , Jintang Luo , Li Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSecure and reliable electricity supply is a prerequisite for the development of smart cities, and the trustworthy and efficient transmission of electrical data is the foundation for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. This paper introduces a real‐time data transmission blockchain technique based on parallel proof of work algorithm. The new block generation process of proposed blockchain is divided into five subroutines: hash pointer computation, real‐time data pudding, signature value iteration, interruption, block header assembly. The real‐time data pudding and signature value iteration are parallel processed, which brings the effect of decreasing energy loss of blockchain system, and enhances the speed of new block generation and the bandwidth of data storage on blockchain. Computer simulation shows the proposed strategy can be effectively applied in real‐time electrical data transmission application, raising the data transmission reliability with no harm to real‐time data transfer function. This strategy provides a solution to guarantee data transmission safety in the digital conversion of power grid.
Small-scale dynamo in cool stars
Authors: Bhatia Tanayveer , Cameron Robert , Peter Hardi , Solanki Sami 
Published: November 2023

Context. Some of the quiet solar magnetic flux could be attributed to a small-scale dynamo (SSD) operating in the convection zone. An SSD operating in cool main-sequence stars is expected to affect the atmospheric structure, in particular, the convection, and should have observational signatures.
Aims. We investigate the distribution of SSD magnetic fields and their effect on bolometric intensity characteristics, vertical velocity, and spatial distribution of the kinetic energy (KE) and magnetic energy (ME) in the lower photosphere of different spectral types.
Methods. We analyzed the SSD and purely hydrodynamic simulations of the near surface layers of F3V, G2V, K0V, and M0V stars. We compared the time-averaged distributions and power spectra in SSD setups relative to the hydrodynamic setup. The properties of the individual magnetic fields are also considered.
Results. The probability density functions with a field strength at the τ = 1 surface are quite similar for all cases. The M0V star displays the strongest fields, but relative to the gas pressure, the fields on the F3V star reach the highest values. In all stars, the horizontal field is stronger than the vertical field in the middle photosphere, and this excess becomes increasingly prominent toward later spectral types. These fields result in a decrease in the upflow velocities and a slight decrease in granule size, and also lead to formation of bright points in intergranular lanes. The spatial distribution of the KE and ME is also similar for all cases, implying that important scales are proportional to the pressure scale height.
Conclusions. The SSD fields have rather similar effects on the photospheres of cool main-sequence stars: a significant reduction in convective velocities, as well as a slight reduction in granule size and a concentration of the field to kilogauss levels in intergranular lanes that is associated with the formation of bright points. The distribution of the field strengths and energies is also rather similar.
Enfortumab vedotin as a salvage option as 5th line therapy for metastatic urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Klee Melanie , Roesch Marie Christine , Eggers Hendrik , Ivanyi Philipp , Merseburger Axel S. , Kramer Mario 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 67-year-old female patient with a muscle-invasive, non-metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (UC) (pT2 G3 cN0 cM0) developed metachronous metastases within 6 months after radical cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion.

After a good primary response to platinum-based chemotherapy, treatment was switched to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pembrolizumab due to progressive disease. Subsequently the patient underwent selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) of the liver and received vinflunine as well as a re-challenge with pembrolizumab.

Two years after the initial diagnosis, rapid disease progression ultimately led to a switch to 5th line therapy with enfortumab vedotin (EV), which had only been approved in the United States at that time. The antibody-drug conjugate was well tolerated by the patient after dose reduction to 1.0 mg/ kg body weight. Simultaneous irradiation of newly occurring precardiac, hepatic and cerebral metastases were necessary. After 10 months of therapy with EV, tumour regression was observed accompanied with good symptom control.

The presented case illustrates the efficacy and tolerability of EV in a heavily pre-treated patient with metastatic UC (mUC).