bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minkowski functionals of CMB polarization intensity with pynkowski: theory and application to Planck and future data
Authors: Carones Alessandro , CarrónDuque Javier , Marinucci Domenico , Migliaccio Marina , Vittorio Nicola 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies is a key tool to study the Universe. However, it is blind to the presence of non-Gaussianities and deviations from statistical isotropy, which can be detected with other statistics such as Minkowski functionals (MFs). These tools have been applied to CMB temperature and E-mode anisotropies with no detection of deviations from Gaussianity and isotropy. In this work, we extend the MF formalism to the CMB polarization intensity, P2 = Q2 + U2. We use the Gaussian kinematic formula to derive the theoretical predictions of MFs for Gaussian isotropic fields. We develop a software that computes MFs on P2healpix maps and apply it to simulations to verify the robustness of both theory and methodology. We then estimate MFs of P2 maps from Planck, both in pixel space and needlet domain, comparing them with realistic simulations that include CMB and instrumental noise residuals. We find no significant deviations from Gaussianity or isotropy in Planck CMB polarization intensity. However, MFs could play an important role in the analysis of CMB polarization measurements from upcoming experiments with improved sensitivity. Therefore, we forecast the ability of MFs applied to P2 maps to detect much fainter non-Gaussian anisotropic signals than with Planck data for two future complementary experiments: the LiteBIRD satellite and the ground-based Simons Observatory. We publicly release the software to compute MFs in arbitrary scalar healpix maps as a fully documented python package called pynkowski.
Rapidly rotating massive Population III stars: a solution for high carbon enrichment in CEMP-no stars
Authors: Jeena S K , Banerjee Projjwal , Chiaki Gen , Heger Alexander 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Very metal-poor stars that have [Fe/H] &lt; −2 and that are enhanced in C relative to Fe ([C/Fe] &gt; +0.7) but have no enhancement of heavy elements ([Ba/Fe] &lt; 0) are known as carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP-no) stars. These stars are thought to be produced from a gas that was polluted by the supernova (SN) ejecta of the very first generation (Population III) massive stars. The very high enrichment of C (A(C) ≳ 6) observed in many of the CEMP-no stars is difficult to explain by current models of SN explosions from massive Population III stars when a reasonable dilution of the SN ejecta, which is consistent with detailed simulation of metal mixing in minihaloes, is adopted. We explore rapidly rotating Population III stars that undergo efficient mixing and reach a quasi-chemically homogeneous (QCH) state. We find that QCH stars can eject large amounts of C in the wind and that the resulting dilution of the wind ejecta in the interstellar medium can lead to a C enrichment of A(C) ≲ 7.75. The core of QCH stars can produce up to an order of magnitude of more C than non-rotating progenitors of similar mass and the resulting SN can lead to a C enrichment of A(C) ≲ 7. Our rapidly rotating massive Population III stars cover almost the entire range of A(C) observed in CEMP-no stars and are a promising site for explaining the high C enhancement in the early Galaxy. Our work indicates that a substantial fraction of Population III stars were likely rapid rotators.
The rotational excitation of the water isotopologues by molecular hydrogen
Authors: Faure A , Żółtowski M , Wiesenfeld L , Lique F , Bergeat A 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present cross-sections and rate coefficients for rotational transitions in the water isotopologues D2O, H$_2^{18}$O, and HDO induced by collisions with para-H2(j2 = 0) and ortho-H2(j2 = 1). Quantum scattering calculations are performed at the full close-coupling level with the isotopic variants of an accurate full-dimensional H2O−H2 interaction potential. The D2O, H$_2^{18}$O, and HDO cross-sections are compared to the corresponding cross-sections for H2O. Large isotopic effects are observed in the case of D2O and HDO, in particular for collisions with p-H2(j2 = 0), while the 18O isotopic substitution is found to be negligible. Rate coefficients are provided for rotational transitions among all para-D2O, ortho-D2O, and HDO levels with internal energy below 300 cm−1 and for kinetic temperatures in the range 5–300 K. Non-LTE radiative transfer calculations show that the HDO 225.9 GHz and H$_2^{18}$O 203.4 GHz transitions recently detected with ALMA in the young proto-planetary disc V883 Ori should be inverted (weak masers) in a large fraction of the disc.
Main-sequence companions to white dwarfs – II. The age–activity–rotation relation from a sample of Gaia common proper motion pairs
Authors: Rebassa-Mansergas A , Maldonado J , Raddi R , Torres S , Hoskin M , Cunningham T , Hollands M A , Ren J , Gänsicke B T , Tremblay P-E , Camisassa M 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Magnetic activity and rotation are related to the age of low-mass main-sequence stars. To further constrain these relations, we study a sample of 574 main-sequence stars members of common proper motion pairs with white dwarfs, identified thanks to Gaia astrometry. We use the white dwarfs as age indicators, while the activity indexes and rotational velocities are obtained from the main-sequence companions using standard procedures. We find that stars older than 5 Gyr do not display H α nor Ca ii H&K emission unless they are fast rotators due to tidal locking from the presence of unseen companions and that the rotational velocities tend to decrease over time, thus supporting the so-called gyrochronology. However, we also find moderately old stars (≃2–6 Gyr) that are active presumably because they rotate faster than they should for their given ages. This indicates that they may be suffering from weakened magnetic braking or that they possibly evolved through wind accretion processes in the past. The activity fractions that we measure for all stars younger than 5 Gyr range between ≃10 and 40 per cent. This is line with the expectations, since our sample is composed of F, G, K, and early M stars, which are thought to have short (&lt;2 Gyr) activity lifetimes. Finally, we observe that the H α fractional luminosities and the $R^{\prime }_\mathrm{HK}$ indexes for our sample of (slowly rotating) stars show a spread (−4 &gt;log(LH α/Lbol); log($R^{\prime }_\mathrm{HK}$) &gt; −5) typically found in inactive M stars or weakly active/inactive F, G, K stars.
Differentiated Zn(II) binding affinities in animal, plant, and bacterial metallothioneins define their zinc buffering capacity at physiological pZn
Authors: Mosna Karolina , Jurczak Kinga , Krężel Artur 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, Cys-rich proteins present in various but not all organisms, from bacteria to humans. They participate in zinc and copper metabolism, toxic metals detoxification, and protection against reactive species. Structurally, they contain one or multiple domains, capable of binding a variable number of metal ions. For experimental convenience, biochemical characterization of MTs is mainly performed on Cd(II)-loaded proteins, frequently omitting or limiting Zn(II) binding features and related functions. Here, by choosing 10 MTs with relatively well-characterized structures from animals, plants, and bacteria, we focused on poorly investigated Zn(II)-to-protein affinities, stability–structure relations, and the speciation of individual complexes. For that purpose, MTs were characterized in terms of stoichiometry, pH-dependent Zn(II) binding, and competition with chromogenic and fluorescent probes. To shed more light on protein folding and its relation with Zn(II) affinity, reactivity of variously Zn(II)-loaded MTs was studied by (5,5ʹ-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) oxidation in the presence of mild chelators. The results show that animal and plant MTs, despite their architectural differences, demonstrate the same affinities to Zn(II), varying from nano- to low picomolar range. Bacterial MTs bind Zn(II) more tightly but, importantly, with different affinities from low picomolar to low femtomolar range. The presence of weak, moderate, and tight zinc sites is related to the folding mechanisms and internal electrostatic interactions. Differentiated affinities of all MTs define their zinc buffering capacity required for Zn(II) donation and acceptance at various free Zn(II) concentrations (pZn levels). The data demonstrate critical roles of individual Zn(II)-depleted MT species in zinc buffering processes.
Prognostic Impact of Blood Lipid Profile in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Pecci Federica , Cantini Luca , Cognigni Valeria , Perrone Fabiana , Mazzaschi Giulia , Agostinelli Veronica , Mentrasti Giulia , Favari Elda , Maffezzoli Michele , Cortellini Alessio , Rossi Francesca , Chiariotti Rebecca , Venanzi Francesco Maria , Lo Russo Giuseppe , Galli Giulia , Proto Claudia , Ganzinelli Monica , Tronconi Francesca , Morgese Francesca , Campolucci Carla , Moretti Marco , Vignini Arianna , Tiseo Marcello , Minari Roberta , Rocchi Marco Luigi Bruno , Buti Sebastiano , Berardi Rossana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Specific components of lipid profile seem to differently impact on immune activity against cancer and unraveling their prognostic role in patients with solid cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is needed.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively collected baseline clinicopathological characteristics including circulating lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoproteins [LDL], high-density lipoproteins [HDL]) of patients with consecutive solid cancer treated with ICIs, and we investigated their role in predicting clinical outcomes.

Results
At a median follow-up of 32.9 months, among 430 enrolled patients, those with TC ≥ 200 mg/dl showed longer median progression-free survival (mPFS; 6.6 vs. 4.7 months, P = .4), although not reaching statistical significance, and significantly longer median overall survival (mOS; 19.4 vs. 10.8 months, P = .02) compared to those with TC &lt; 200 mg/dl. Conversely, patients with TG ≥150 mg/dl displayed shorter PFS (3.4 vs. 5.1 months, P = .02) and OS (7.1 vs. 12.9 months, P = .009) compared to those with TG &lt;150 mg/dl. TC and TG were then combined in a “LIPID score” identifying three subgroups: good-risk (GR) (TC ≥200 mg/dl and TG &lt;150 mg/dl), intermediate-risk (IR) (TC &lt;200 mg/dl and TG &lt;150 mg/dl or TC ≥200 mg/dl and TG ≥150 mg/dl) and poor-risk (PR) (TC &lt;200 mg/dl and TG ≥150 mg/dl). The mPFS of GR, IR, and PR groups was 7.8, 4.3, and 2.5 months, respectively (P = .005); mOS of GR, IR, and PR was 20.4, 12.4, and 5.3 months, respectively (P &lt; .001). At multivariable analysis, the PR profile represented an independent poor prognostic factor for both PFS and OS.

Conclusions
We developed a lipid score that defined subgroups of patients with cancer who differently benefit from ICIs. Further mechanistic insights are warranted to clarify the prognostic and predictive role of lipid profile components in patients treated with ICIs.
Harnessing Deep Learning to Analyze Cryptic Morphological Variability of Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Tomizawa Yoko , Minamino Naoki , Shimokawa Eita , Kawamura Shogo , Komatsu Aino , Hiwatashi Takuma , Nishihama Ryuichi , Ueda Takashi , Kohchi Takayuki , Kondo Yohei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Characterizing phenotypes is a fundamental aspect of biological sciences, although it can be challenging due to various factors. For instance, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is a model system for plant biology and exhibits morphological variability, making it difficult to identify and quantify distinct phenotypic features using objective measures. To address this issue, we utilized a deep-learning-based image classifier that can handle plant images directly without manual extraction of phenotypic features and analyzed pictures of M. polymorpha. This dioicous plant species exhibits morphological differences between male and female wild accessions at an early stage of gemmaling growth, although it remains elusive whether the differences are attributable to sex chromosomes. To isolate the effects of sex chromosomes from autosomal polymorphisms, we established a male and female set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a set of male and female wild accessions. We then trained deep learning models to classify the sexes of the RILs and the wild accessions. Our results showed that the trained classifiers accurately classified male and female gemmalings of wild accessions in the first week of growth, confirming the intuition of researchers in a reproducible and objective manner. In contrast, the RILs were less distinguishable, indicating that the differences between the parental wild accessions arose from autosomal variations. Furthermore, we validated our trained models by an ‘eXplainable AI’ technique that highlights image regions relevant to the classification. Our findings demonstrate that the classifier-based approach provides a powerful tool for analyzing plant species that lack standardized phenotyping metrics.
The RPT2a–MET1 axis regulates TERMINAL FLOWER1 to control inflorescence meristem indeterminacy in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yao Wang Jinsong , Wang Yi Peng , Peng Jing , Yin Pei Pei , Gao Hengbin , Xu Li , Laux Thomas , Zhang Xian Sheng , Su Ying Hua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Plant inflorescence architecture is determined by inflorescence meristem (IM) activity and controlled by genetic mechanisms associated with environmental factors. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) is expressed in the IM and is required to maintain indeterminate growth, whereas LEAFY (LFY) is expressed in the floral meristems (FMs) formed at the periphery of the IM and is required to activate determinate floral development. Here, we address how Arabidopsis indeterminate inflorescence growth is determined. We show that the 26S proteasome subunit REGULATORY PARTICLE AAA-ATPASE 2a (RPT2a) is required to maintain the indeterminate inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis. rpt2a mutants display reduced TFL1 expression levels and ectopic LFY expression in the IM and develop a determinate zigzag-shaped inflorescence. We further found that RPT2a promotes DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1 degradation, leading to DNA hypomethylation upstream of TFL1 and high TFL1 expression levels in the wild-type IM. Overall, our work reveals that proteolytic input into the epigenetic regulation of TFL1 expression directs inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis, adding an additional layer to stem cell regulation.
Quantum electrodynamics on the lattice and numerical perturbative computation of g − 2
Authors: Kitano Ryuichiro , Takaura Hiromasa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We compute the electron g factor to the $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^5)$ order on the lattice in quenched quantum electrodynamics (QED). We first study finite volume (FV) corrections in various infrared regularization methods to discuss which regularization is optimal for our purpose. We find that in QEDL the FV correction to the effective mass can have different parametric dependences depending on the size of Euclidean time t and match the ‘naive on-shell result’ only at the very large t region, t ≫ L. We adopt finite photon mass regularization to suppress FV effects exponentially and also discuss our strategy for selecting simulation parameters and the order of extrapolations to efficiently obtain the g factor. We perform lattice simulation using small lattices to test the feasibility of our calculation strategy. This study can be regarded as an intermediate step toward giving the five-loop coefficient independently of preceding studies.
Therapy with JAK inhibitors or bDMARDs and the risk of cardiovascular events in the Dutch rheumatoid arthritis population
Authors: Popa Calin D , Opdam Merel A A , den Broeder Nathan , van Ballegooijen Hanne , Mulder Kelly , van de Wiel Kayleigh M , van Herwaarden Noortje , Wientjes Maike H M , den Broeder Alfons A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Caution has been advocated recently when using Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with an unfavourable cardiovascular risk profile. We aimed to compare the incidences in cardiovascular events between JAKi and biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) in a large population of RA patients.

Methods
RA patients starting a new bDMARD or JAKi between 1 August 2018 and 31 January 2022 have been selected from IQVIA’s Dutch Real-World Data Longitudinal Prescription database, covering about 63% of outpatient prescriptions in the Netherlands. Study outcome was a cardiovascular event, defined as the start of platelet aggregation inhibitors during the study period. The incidence densities of cardiovascular events were compared between JAKi and bDMARDs using multilevel Poisson regression, adjusted for exposure time and confounders.

Results
The number of unique patients included was 15 191, with 28 481 patient-years on treatment with either JAKi (2373) or bDMARDs (26 108). Most patients were female (72%) and median age was 62 years. We found 36 cardiovascular events (1.52 events/100 patient-years) during therapy with JAKi and 383 events (1.47 events/100 patient-years) during therapy with bDMARDs, resulting in an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.99 for JAKi compared with bDMARDs (95% CI: 0.70, 1.41). Sub-analyses in patients &gt;65 years, by sex, or separately for tofacitinib and baricitinib, yielded similar results.

Conclusion
In a large Dutch general RA population, the risk of cardiovascular events seems not to be different between JAKi users and those using bDMARDs, although a small increase in higher risk patients cannot be excluded.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in children with Congenital Zika Syndrome
Authors: Tavares Carolina Santos Souza , Marques Raquel Souza , Santos Victor Santana , Santos Hudson P , Reis Monique Carla da Silva , Martins-Filho Paulo Ricardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Studies have reported that children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) experience changes in their sleep patterns, which can result in mood disturbances, behavioral issues and delays in growth and development. This systematic review synthesized the available evidence on the prevalence of sleep disorders in children with CZS. Eligible studies were those with an observational design that reported sleep disorders in children with CZS using validated questionnaires, polysomnography/electroencephalographic recording or parent/caregiver reports. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Embase, as well as a gray literature search using Google Scholar. The Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation with a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of sleep disorders with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Five studies were included and data from 340 Brazilian children with CZS were analyzed. The overall prevalence of sleep disorders was 27.4% (95% CI 16.7–39.4), without differences among studies using validated questionnaires (29.4%, 95% CI 21.4–37.8) or report from parents and caregivers (27.4%, 95% CI 11.5–47.0). Sleep disorders are prevalent in children with CZS, impacting their development and quality of life. It is critical to examine the quality of sleep in these children to develop appropriate interventions that can mitigate these issues.
Primary healthcare service delivery for older people with progressive multimorbidity in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Kwaitana Duncan , Chisoni Felix , van Breevoort Dorothee , Mildestvedt Thomas , Meland Eivind , Bates Jane , Umar Eric 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Ensuring primary healthcare (PHC) accessibility to older people with multimorbidity is vital in preventing unnecessary health deterioration. However, older people ≥50 y of age in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face challenges in effectively accessing and utilizing PHC. A systematic review was conducted adopting the Andersen–Newman theoretical framework for health services utilization to assess evidence on factors that affect access to PHC by older people. This framework predicts that a series of factors (predisposing, enabling and need factors) influence the utilization of health services by people in general. Seven publications were identified and a narrative analytical method revealed limited research in this area. Facilitating factors included family support, closeness to the PHC facility, friendly service providers and improved functional status of the older people. Barriers included long distance and disjointed PHC services, fewer health professionals and a lack of person-centred care. The following needs were identified: increasing the number of health professionals, provision of PHC services under one roof and regular screening services. There is a need for more investment in infrastructure development, coordination of service delivery and capacity building of service providers in LMICs to improve access and utilization of PHC services for older people.
UFMylation of HRD1 regulates endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis
Authors: Luo Hui , Jiao Qi‐Bin , Shen Chuan‐Bin , Gong Wen‐Yan , Yuan Jing‐Hua , Liu Ying‐Ying , Chen Zhen , Liu Jiang , Xu Xiao‐Ling , Cong Yu‐Sheng , Zhang Xing‐Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUbiquitin fold modifier 1 is a small ubiquitin‐like protein modifier that is essential for embryonic development of metazoans. Although UFMylation has been connected to endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms and the relevant cellular targets are largely unknown. Here, we show that HRD1, a ubiquitin ligase of ER‐associated protein degradation (ERAD), is a novel substrate of UFM1 conjugation. HRD1 interacts with UFMylation components UFL1 and DDRGK1 and is UFMylated at Lys610 residue. In UFL1‐depleted cells, the stability of HRD1 is increased and its ubiquitination modification is reduced. In the event of ER stress, the UFMylation and ubiquitination modification of HRD1 is gradually inhibited over time. Alteration of HRD1 Lys610 residue to arginine impairs its ability to degrade unfolded or misfolded proteins to disturb protein processing in ER. These results suggest that UFMylation of HRD1 facilitates ERAD function to maintain ER homeostasis.