bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The local persistence length of semi-flexible self-avoiding walks on the square lattice
Authors: Živić I , Elezović-Hadžić S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
By applying the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth Monte Carlo simulation method, we have studied the local persistence length of semi-flexible linear polymers presented by self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on the square lattice, where the stiffness property is characterised by the weight s assigned to each bend of the walk. In this model, the local persistence length

λ
N

(
k
)

of N-step SAWs is formulated as an ensemble average of the projection of the end-to-end position vector onto the oriented kth step of the SAW path. We have found that the persistence length

λ
N

(
k
)

(
s
)

decreases with s and increases with k and N. Regarding the chain position parameter k, we have scrutinised two particular cases: the first case is when k has a constant (fixed) value, independent of the chain length, and the second one is the situation when k is comparable with the SAW length

k
∼
N

. For fixed k, we have learnt that in the limit

N
→
∞

, the persistence length

λ
N

(
k
)

(
s
)

tends towards a constant value

λ

p

(
k
)

(
s
)

behaving as

k

1

/

2

. In the other analysed case

k
∼
N

, in the same limit,

λ
N

(
k
)

(
s
)

diverges as N

ϕ
, with

φ
=
1

/

2

. We have also examined the dependence of the studied quantity on s and discussed our results in the context of previous findings and predictions related to the persistence length behaviour of SAWs in Euclidean spaces.
Fault tolerance evaluation study of a RISC-V microprocessor for HEP applications
Authors: Walsemann A. , Karagounis M. , Stanitzki A. , Tutsch D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The utilization of a radiation-hard microprocessor or a System-on-Chip (SoC) design
methodology significantly benefits the future design of ASICs for HEP experiments. To evaluate the
fault tolerance of a radiation-hard design, it is important to obtain detailed information on the
soft error rate and contributing factors. This article presents a simulation-based approach to
investigate the effects of faults induced by single event transients in a microprocessor based on
the open RISC-V instruction set architecture.
Design, characterization and installation of the NEXT-100 cathode and electroluminescence regions
Authors: Mistry K. , Rogers L. , Jones B.J.P. , Munson B. , Norman L. , Oliver D. , Pingulkar S. , Rodriguez-Tiscareno M. , Silva K. , Stogsdill K. , Adams C. , Almazán H. , Álvarez V. , Aparicio B. , Aranburu A.I. , Arazi L. , Arnquist I.J. , Auria-Luna F. , Ayet S. , Azevedo C.D.R. , Bailey K. , Ballester F. , del Barrio-Torregrosa M. , Bayo A. , Benlloch-Rodríguez J.M. , Borges F.I.G.M. , Brodolin A. , Byrnes N. , Cárcel S. , Castillo A. , Cebrián S. , Church E. , Cid L. , Conde C.A.N. , Contreras T. , Cossío F.P. , Dey E. , Díaz G. , Dickel T. , Echevarria C. , Elorza M. , Escada J. , Esteve R. , Felkai R. , Fernandes L.M.P. , Ferrario P. , Ferreira A.L. , Foss F.W. , Freitas E.D.C. , Freixa Z. , Gómez-Cadenas J.J. , González R. , Grocott J.W.R. , Guenette R. , Hafidi K. , Hauptman J. , Henriques C.A.O. , Hernando Morata J.A. , Herrero-Gómez P. , Herrero V. , Hervés Carrete C. , Ifergan Y. , Larizgoitia L. , Larumbe A. , Lebrun P. , Lopez F. , López-March N. , Madigan R. , Mano R.D.P. , Marques A.P. , Martín-Albo J. , Martínez-Lema G. , Martínez-Vara M. , Meziani Z.E. , Miller R.L. , Molina-Canteras J. , Monrabal F. , Monteiro C.M.B. , Mora F.J. , Navarro K.E. , Novella P. , Nuñez A. , Nygren D.R. , Oblak E. , Palacio J. , Palmeiro B. , Para A. , Parmaksiz I. , Pelegrin J. , Pérez Maneiro M. , Querol M. , Redwine A.B. , Renner J. , Rivilla I. , Rogero C. , Romeo B. , Romo-Luque C. , Santos F.P. , dos Santos J.M.F. , Seemann M. , Shomroni I. , Simón A. , Soleti S.R. , Sorel M. , Soto-Oton J. , Teixeira J.M.R. , Toledo J.F. , Torrent J. , Trettin A. , Usón A. , Veloso J.F.C.A. , Waiton J. , Yubero A. ,   The NEXT collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
NEXT-100 is currently being constructed at the Laboratorio
Subterráneo de Canfranc in the Spanish Pyrenees and will search
for neutrinoless double beta decay using a high-pressure gaseous
time projection chamber (TPC) with 100 kg of xenon. Charge
amplification is carried out via electroluminescence (EL) which is
the process of accelerating electrons in a high electric field
region causing secondary scintillation of the medium proportional to
the initial charge. The NEXT-100 EL and cathode regions are made
from tensioned hexagonal meshes of 1 m diameter. This paper
describes the design, characterization, and installation of these
parts for NEXT-100. Simulations of the electric field are performed
to model the drift and amplification of ionization electrons
produced in the detector under various EL region alignments and
rotations. Measurements of the electrostatic breakdown voltage in
air characterize performance under high voltage conditions and
identify breakdown points. The electrostatic deflection of the mesh
is quantified and fit to a first-principles mechanical model.
Measurements were performed with both a standalone test EL region
and with the NEXT-100 EL region before its installation in the
detector. Finally, we describe the parts as installed in NEXT-100,
following their deployment in Summer 2023.
Animal–robot interaction—an emerging field at the intersection of biology and robotics
Authors: Romano Donato , Porfiri Maurizio , Zahadat Payam , Schmickl Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The field of animal–robot and organism–robot interaction systems (ARIS, ORIS) is a currently rapidly emerging field in biorobotics. In this special issue we aim for providing a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge advancements and pioneering breakthroughs within this scientific and engineering discipline. Therefore, we collected scientific articles that delineate and expound upon the complexity of these remarkable biohybrid systems. These configurations stand as engineered conduits, facilitating the accurate investigation and profound exploration of the multifaceted interactions between robotic devices and biological entities, including various fish species, honeybees and plants. Also the human factor plays a role in this collection, as we also include a philosophical perspective on such systems as well as an augmented reality setup that brings humans into the loop with living fish. Within our editorial purview, we categorize the scientific contributions based on their focal points, differentiating between examinations of singular agent-to-agent interactions, extensions to the social stratum, and further expansions to the intricate levels of swarm dynamics, colonies, populations, and ecosystems. Considering potential applications, we delve into the multifaceted domains wherein these biohybrid systems might be applied. This discourse culminates in a tentative glimpse into the future trajectories these technologies might traverse, elucidating their promising prospects for both scientific advancement and societal enrichment. In sum, this special issue aims at facilitating the convergence of diverse insights, at encapsulating the richness of the ARIS and ORIS domain, and at charting a course toward the untapped prospects lying at the nexus of biology and robotics.
Organic-inorganic biohybrid films from wool-keratin/jellyfish-collagen/silica/boron via sol-gel reactions for soft tissue engineering applications
Authors: Yildiz Safiye Nur , Sezgin Arslan Tugba , Arslan Yavuz Emre 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis is pivotal in creating effective tissue-engineered constructs that deliver nutrients and oxygen to surrounding cells. Hence, biomaterials that promote angiogenesis can enhance the efficacy of various medical treatments, encompassing tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery systems. Considering these, we propose a rapid method for producing composite silicon-boron-wool keratin/jellyfish collagen (Si-B-WK/JFC) inorganic-organic biohybrid films using sol-gel reactions. In this approach, reactive tetraethyl orthosilicate and boric acid (pKa ⩾ 9.24) were used as silicon and boron sources, respectively, and a solid-state gel was formed through the condensation reaction of these reactive groups with the keratin/collagen mixture. Once the resulting gel was thoroughly suspended in water, the films were prepared by a casting/solvent evaporation methodology. The fabricated hybrid films were characterized structurally and mechanically. In addition, angiogenic characteristics were determined by the in ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, which revealed an increased vascular network within the Si-B-WK/JFC biohybrid films. In conclusion, it is believed that Si-B-WK/JFC biohybrid films with mechanical and pro-angiogenic properties have the potential to be possessed in soft tissue engineering applications, especially wound healing.
Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of high mountain Asia
Authors: Fugger S , Shaw T E , Jouberton A , Miles E S , Buri P , McCarthy M , Fyffe C , Fatichi S , Kneib M , Molnar Peter , Pellicciotti F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
High elevation headwater catchments are complex hydrological systems that seasonally buffer water and release it in the form of snow and ice melt, modulating downstream runoff regimes and water availability. In High Mountain Asia (HMA), where a wide range of climates from semi-arid to monsoonal exist, the importance of the cryospheric contributions to the water budget varies with the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Losses due to evapotranspiration and sublimation are to date largely unquantified components of the water budget in such catchments, although they can be comparable in magnitude to glacier melt contributions to streamflow. Here, we simulate the hydrology of three high elevation headwater catchments in distinct climates in HMA over 10 years using an ecohydrological model geared towards high-mountain areas including snow and glaciers, forced with reanalysis data. Our results show that evapotranspiration and sublimation together are most important at the semi-arid site, Kyzylsu, on the northernmost slopes of the Pamir mountain range. Here, the evaporative loss amounts to 28% of the water throughput, which we define as the total water added to, or removed from the water balance within a year. In comparison, evaporative losses are 19% at the Central Himalayan site Langtang and 13% at the wettest site, 24 K, on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the three sites, respectively, sublimation removes 15%, 13% and 6% of snowfall, while evapotranspiration removes the equivalent of 76%, 28% and 19% of rainfall. In absolute terms, and across a comparable elevation range, the highest ET flux is 413 mm yr−1 at 24 K, while the highest sublimation flux is 91 mm yr−1 at Kyzylsu. During warm and dry years, glacier melt was found to only partially compensate for the annual supply deficit.
Air quality and urban climate improvements in the world’s most populated region during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Damiani Alessandro , Irie Hitoshi , Belikov Dmitry , Cordero Raul R , Feron Sarah , Ishizaki Noriko N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, we assessed air quality (AQ) and urban climate during the mobility restrictions implemented in the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan, the world’s most populated region, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Observations from dense surface networks were analyzed using an interpretable machine learning approach. In parallel with a ∼50% reduction in mobility and an altered lifestyle of the population, we found limited reductions in nitrogen dioxide; decreases in fine particulate matter not entirely driven by local mobility; minor variations in ozone, with a positive (negative) tendency in areas with high (low) emissions; a decrease in air temperature consistent with mobility; and pollution levels and air temperature changes with well-defined, common spatiotemporal patterns. Specifically, cooling mainly occurred in urbanized areas with an improved AQ. Overall, although reductions in mobility were moderately effective in improving the typical indicators of urban AQ, including those known to negatively impact human health, the reductions in waste heat had a stronger impact on Tokyo’s urban heat island, suggestive of a strategy to minimize exposure to heat stress. These findings can help guide urban planning strategies and policies aimed at addressing climate change.
Existence of a symmetric bipodal phase in the edge-triangle model
Authors: Neeman Joe , Radin Charles , Sadun Lorenzo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the edge-triangle model with edge density close to 1/2 and triangle density below 1/8 we prove that the unique entropy-maximizing graphon is symmetric bipodal. We also prove that, for any edge density e less than

e
0

=
(
3
−

3

)

/

6
≈
0.2113

and triangle density slightly less than e
3, the entropy-maximizing graphon is not symmetric bipodal. We also discuss the implications for an old idea of Landau for using symmetry to give an intrinsic difference between solid and fluid phases of matter.
BMP-2-immobilized PCL 3D printing scaffold with a leaf-stacked structure as a physically and biologically activated bone graft
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Park Jin-Ho , Seok Ji Min , Jung Jiwoon , Hwang Tae Sung , Lee Hee-Chun , Lee Jin Ho , Park Su A , Byun June-Ho , Oh Se Heang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques are used to mimic macro- and micro-structures as well as multi-structural human tissues in tissue engineering, efficient target tissue regeneration requires bioactive 3D printing scaffolds. In this study, we developed a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-immobilized polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D printing scaffold with leaf-stacked structure (LSS) (3D-PLSS-BMP) as a bioactive patient-tailored bone graft. The unique LSS was introduced on the strand surface of the scaffold via heating/cooling in tetraglycol without significant deterioration in physical properties. The BMP-2 adsorbed on 3D-PLSS-BMP was continuously released from LSS over a period of 32 d. The LSS can be a microtopographical cue for improved focal cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. In vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies demonstrated the biological (bioactive BMP-2) and physical (microrough structure) mechanisms of 3D-PLSS-BMP for accelerated bone regeneration. Thus, bioactive molecule-immobilized 3D printing scaffold with LSS represents a promising physically and biologically activated bone graft as well as an advanced tool for widespread application in clinical and research fields.
Unlocking the strength: the predictions of silicon carbide fracture toughness revealed through data-driven approach
Authors: Xu Jun , Zhu Xiemeng , Liu Qiang , Du Shiyu , Zhang Yiming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Silicon carbide ceramics are widely used within various applications, including mechanical, chemical, aerospace and military; where the fracture toughness plays a crucial role. From the processing perspectives, the fracture toughness is controlled by the combination of starting phases and sintering conditions (including additives, atmosphere, temperature and pressure). However, the interplay of these factors makes the forward predictions of fracture toughness untreatable neither through experimentation nor physical modeling; not mention to the reverse estimations of optimal processing parameters. In this work, a data-driven strategy was proposed that firstly to predict the fracture toughness from processing parameters; and then to explore certain parameters that have large impacts on the fracture toughness. From running four different machine learning (ML) algorithms on a well-established dataset of SiC sintering recipe, it was found that the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model possess the best performance with accuracy up to 88%. Further, the feature importance scores revealed that the sintering temperature and the types of sintering additives show their significant influence on fracture toughness. It was found that the sintering temperature is the most critical factor affecting the obtained fracture toughness of SiC, where the optimum temperature range is of 1800 °C–2000 °C; and also, the sintering additives of Al and Al2O3 have great influences on the obtained fracture toughness, where the optimum range of their mass fraction within the whole additives is 3–8 wt%. Finally, the developed model shows its capability to propose sintering strategy for the preparation of SiC ceramics with target fracture toughness.
Determination of the P

rp
and radial dose correction factor in reference dosimetry
Authors: Das Indra J , Dogan Serpil K , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives. In an addendum to AAPM TG-51 protocol, McEwen et al, (DOI: 10.1118/1.4866223) introduced a new factor P

rp
to account for the radial dose distribution of the photon beam over the detector volume mainly in flattening filter free (FFF) beams. P

rp
and its extension to non-FFF beam reference dosimetry is investigated to see its impact in a clinical situation. Approches. The P

rp
was measured using simplified version of Sudhyadhom et al (DOI: 10.1118/1.4941691) for Elekta and Varian FFF beams with two commonly used calibration detectors; PTW-30013 and Exradin-A12 ion chambers after acquiring high resolution profiles in detectors cardinal coordinates. For radial dose correction factor, the ion chambers were placed in a small water phantom and the central axis position was set to center of the sensitive volume on the treatment table and was studied by rotating the table by 15-degree interval from −90 to +90 degrees with respect to the initial (zero) position. Main results. The magnitude of P

rp
varies very little with machine, detector and beam energies to a value of 1.003 ± 0.0005 and 1.005 ± 0.0005 for 6FFF and 10FFF, respectively. The radial anisotropy for the Elekta machine with Exradin-A12 and PTW-30013 detector the magnitudes are in the range of (0.9995±0.0011 to 1.0015±0.0010) and (0.9998±0.0007 to 1.0015±0.0010), respectively. Similarly, for the Varian machine with Exradin-A12 and PTW-30013 ion chambers, the magnitudes are in the range of (1.0004±0.0010 to 1.0018±0.0018) and (1.0006±0.0009 to 1.0027±0.0007), respectively. Significance. The P

rp
is ≤ 0.3% and 0.5% for 6FFF and 10FFF, respectively. The radial dose correction factor in regular beams also does not impact the dosimetry where the maximum magnitude is ±0.2% which is within experimental uncertainty.
A deep patient-similarity learning framework for the assessment of diastolic dysfunction in elderly patients
Authors: Shah Rohan , Tokodi Marton , Jamthikar Ankush , Bhatti Sabha , Akhabue Ehimare , Casaclang-Verzosa Grace , Yanamala Naveena , Sengupta Partho P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Age-related changes in cardiac structure and function are well recognized and make the clinical determination of abnormal left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) particularly challenging in the elderly. We investigated whether a deep neural network (DeepNN) model of LVDD, previously validated in a younger cohort, can be implemented in an older population to predict incident heart failure (HF).

Methods and results
A previously developed DeepNN was tested on 5596 older participants (66–90 years; 57% female; 20% Black) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. The association of DeepNN predictions with HF or all-cause death for the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Stage A/B (n = 4054) and Stage C/D (n = 1542) subgroups was assessed. The DeepNN-predicted high-risk compared with the low-risk phenogroup demonstrated an increased incidence of HF and death for both Stage A/B and Stage C/D (log-rank P &lt; 0.0001 for all). In multi-variable analyses, the high-risk phenogroup remained an independent predictor of HF and death in both Stages A/B {adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] 6.52 [4.20–10.13] and 2.21 [1.68–2.91], both P &lt; 0.0001} and Stage C/D [6.51 (4.06–10.44) and 1.03 (1.00–1.06), both P &lt; 0.0001], respectively. In addition, DeepNN showed incremental value over the 2016 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASE/EACVI) guidelines [net re-classification index, 0.5 (CI 0.4–0.6), P &lt; 0.001; C-statistic improvement, DeepNN (0.76) vs. ASE/EACVI (0.70), P &lt; 0.001] overall and maintained across stage groups.

Conclusion
Despite training with a younger cohort, a deep patient-similarity–based learning framework for assessing LVDD provides a robust prediction of all-cause death and incident HF for older patients.
Patient journey mapping: emerging methods for understanding and improving patient experiences of health systems and services
Authors: Bulto Lemma N , Davies Ellen , Kelly Janet , Hendriks Jeroen M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Patient journey mapping is an emerging field of research that uses various methods to map and report evidence relating to patient experiences and interactions with healthcare providers, services, and systems. This research often involves the development of visual, narrative, and descriptive maps or tables, which describe patient journeys and transitions into, through, and out of health services. This methods corner paper presents an overview of how patient journey mapping has been conducted within the health sector, providing cardiovascular examples. It introduces six key steps for conducting patient journey mapping and describes the opportunities and benefits of using patient journey mapping and future implications of using this approach.
Hitting the (bio)mark part 1: selecting and measuring biomarkers in cardiovascular research
Authors: Daelman Bo , Butts Brittany , Denfeld Quin E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular studies, including nursing research, frequently integrate biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, monitoring, and therapeutic insights. However, effective utilization of biomarker data demands careful consideration. In the study design phase, researchers must select biomarkers that align with study objectives while considering resources and logistical factors. Additionally, a nuanced understanding of disease pathophysiology and biomarker characteristics is needed. During data collection, suitable experimental conditions and assays need to be defined. Whether researchers opt to manage these steps internally or outsource some, a comprehensive understanding of biomarker selection and experiments remains crucial. In this article, part 1 of 2, we provide an overview of considerations for the design to measurement phases of biomarker studies.
Taking charge of your health: enabling patient empowerment in cardiovascular care
Authors: Acuña Mora Mariela , Bratt Ewa-Lena , Saarijärvi Markus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Guidelines and consensus in cardiovascular care in recent years have called for patients to be more involved in their care, which can be achieved by becoming more empowered. Yet, there is little clarity on how healthcare professionals can help the patients achieve this goal. The present paper defines patient empowerment, its benefits, and the different strategies that can be used in healthcare to empower them. Moreover, potential barriers in the empowering process are also discussed.