bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical research on the performance of cast‐in‐situ concrete wet joints in closure section in precast concrete segmental bridges under cyclic loading
Authors: Su Han , Liu Haibin , Li Wentao , Huang Zhenkun , Du Jinsheng , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe closure section of precast concrete segmental bridges (PCSBs) usually adopts the wet joint of cast‐in‐situ concrete, the width is generally 10–20 cm, and the regular longitudinal reinforcement is discontinuous, which makes the section the vulnerable part of the bridge. To explore the mechanical property of the wet joint in the closure section of PCSB under cyclic load, six wet joint specimens are tested to investigate the influence of loading mode, interface treatment mode, setting of regular reinforcement, and prestress level. The results show that the failure modes of wet joint specimens have similar characteristics, careful roughening of joint surfaces can improve the bonding effect of the new and old concrete and delay the cracking of the specimen, the cracking load of the specimen increases by 10.3% after careful roughening. When the prestress level increases from 6 to 8 MPa and 10 MPa, the stiffness of the specimens increases obviously, and the fracture development of the specimen in the loading process is improved. The cracking load increases by 21.9% and 32.8%, the shear strength increases by 9.9% and 6.6%, respectively, but the ultimate displacement decreases by 5.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Then, the finite element model of the wet joint was established and verified, the influence of shear key, concrete strength, and wet joint width are selected for parameter analysis. It is found that stress concentration is easy to occur after shear key is set, which has adverse effects on structural flexural resistance. The shear capacity of the model decreases by 22.4% and 21.5%, respectively after the setting of single and double‐shear keys, but the stiffness of the wet joint model before cracking is improved. Compared with C50 concrete model, the ultimate bearing capacity of C60 and C70 concrete models is increased by 11.5% and 24.8%, respectively. Wet joint width has little influence on the mechanical properties of wet joints in the closure section. The research results provide references for design and construction of PCSB wet joints in practical engineering.
Complexity of life sciences in quantum and AI era
Authors: Pyrkov Alexey , Aliper Alex , Bezrukov Dmitry , Podolskiy Dmitriy , Ren Feng , Zhavoronkov Alex 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHaving made significant advancements in understanding living organisms at various levels such as genes, cells, molecules, tissues, and pathways, the field of life sciences is now shifting towards integrating these components into the bigger picture to understand their collective behavior. Such a shift of perspective requires a general conceptual framework for understanding complexity in life sciences which is currently elusive, a transition being facilitated by large‐scale data collection, unprecedented computational power, and new analytical tools. In recent years, life sciences have been revolutionized with AI methods, and quantum computing is touted to be the next most significant leap in technology. Here, we provide a theoretical framework to orient researchers around key concepts of how quantum computing can be integrated into the study of the hierarchical complexity of living organisms and discuss recent advances in quantum computing for life sciences.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Quantum Computing > Algorithms
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Variational determination of the two‐electron reduced density matrix: A tutorial review
Authors: Eugene DePrince A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe two‐electron reduced density matrix (2RDM) carries enough information to evaluate the electronic energy of a many‐electron system. The variational 2RDM (v2RDM) approach seeks to determine the 2RDM directly, without knowledge of the wave function, by minimizing this energy with respect to variations in the elements of the 2RDM, while also enforcing known N‐representability conditions. In this tutorial review, we provide an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the v2RDM approach and the N‐representability constraints that are typically applied to the 2RDM. We also discuss the semidefinite programming (SDP) techniques used in v2RDM computations and provide enough Python code to develop a working v2RDM code that interfaces to the libSDP library of SDP solvers.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Quantum Chemistry
First successful artificial insemination of the endangered Louisiana pinesnake, Pituophis ruthveni
Authors: Roberts Beth M. , Sandfoss Mark R. , Schwartz Tonia S. , Lindsey Alexis , Hinkson Kristin M. , Reichling Steven B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Louisiana pinesnake (Pituophis ruthveni) is considered one of the rarest snakes in North America and was federally listed under the Endangered Species Act in 2018. Captive breeding and reintroduction of zoo‐bred hatchlings has been successful, however, limited founders in the captive population and the inability to bring new, wild genes into the captive colony presents a major concern for the conservation of this species. The use of artificial insemination (AI) was first applied to snakes in the 1980s but further development of the technique has since received little attention. Our goal was to develop a method of AI for use in breeding Louisiana pinesnakes to facilitate gene flow from wild to captive populations. We inseminated two captive Louisiana pinesnakes with semen collected from one donor male, novel to both females. Timing of AI occurred following the emergence of females from brumation, and when large, distinct follicles were detected using digital palpation. Females were inseminated four and five times over a period of 14 and 19 days, respectively, using fresh and 2‐day refrigerator stored semen. One female laid seven eggs, which resulted in four fertile eggs and two viable hatchlings, while the second female produced three fertile of seven eggs laid but no viable hatchlings. Genetic analyses confirmed the donor male was the sire of hatchlings. This is the first successful AI of an endangered snake species and provides a framework for the use and optimization of assisted reproductive technologies for use in conservation breeding programs.
QCD worldsheet axion from the bootstrap
Authors: Gaikwad Adwait , Gorbenko Victor , Guerrieri Andrea L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The worldsheet axion plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the Yang-Mills confining flux tubes. According to the lattice measurements, its mass is of order the string tension and its coupling is close to a certain critical value. Using the S-matrix Bootstrap, we construct non-perturbative 2 → 2 branon scattering amplitudes which also feature a weakly coupled axion resonance with these properties. We study the extremal bootstrap amplitudes in detail and show that the axion plays a dominant role in their UV completion in two distinct regimes, in one of which it cannot be considered a parametrically light particle. We conjecture that the actual flux tube amplitudes exhibit a similar behavior.
Large N and large representations of Schur line defect correlators
Authors: Hatsuda Yasuyuki , Okazaki Tadashi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the large N and large representation limits of the Schur line defect correlators of the Wilson line operators transforming in the (anti)symmetric, hook and rectangular representations for 𝒩 = 4 U(N) super Yang-Mills theory. By means of the factorization property, the large N correlators of the Wilson line operators in arbitrary representations can be exactly calculated in principle. In the large representation limit they turn out to be expressible in terms of certain infinite series such as Ramanujan’s general theta functions and the q-analogues of multiple zeta values (q-MZVs). Several generating functions for combinatorial objects, including partitions with non-negative cranks and conjugacy classes of general linear groups over finite fields, emerge from the large N correlators. Also we find conjectured properties of the automorphy and the hook-length expansion satisfied by the large N correlators.
SOG – Spezielle Orthopädische Geriatrie
Authors: Meyer Matthias , Michalk Katrin , Greimel Felix , Maderbacher Günther , Grifka Joachim , Kappenschneider Tobias 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Für die Versorgung geriatrischer Patienten bei elektiven orthopädischen Operationen existieren in Deutschland bisher noch keine adäquaten Versorgungskonzepte. Die SOG-Studie evaluiert hierzulande erstmalig den Einfluss eines komplexen orthogeriatrischen Co-Managements auf das Outcome älterer Patienten mit elektivem Hüft- und Kniegelenkersatz im Vergleich zur orthopädischen Standardversorgung.

Methodik
In die Zwischenanalyse der noch laufenden Studie wurden 174 Patienten eingeschlossen, wovon 87 Patienten in die Interventionsgruppe und 87 Patienten in die Kontrollgruppe randomisiert wurden. Das SOG-Versorgungsmodell besteht aus Screening, präoperativem Assessment mit präoperativer Intervention/Optimierung, Operation nach dem Fast-Track-Prinzip und multimodaler perioperativer Versorgung im orthogeriatrischen Team. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt eine orthopädische Standardbehandlung. Verglichen wurden Mobilität, Komplikationen und „patient-reported outcome measures“ (PROM).

Ergebnisse
Die Interventionsgruppe wies postoperativ gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe zu allen Erfassungszeitpunkten eine klinisch relevant verbesserte Mobilität auf (p < 0,01). Die Komplikationsauswertung zeigte eine signifikante Risikoreduktion für Minor-Komplikationen (p < 0,01) sowie einen deutlichen Trend zur Risikoreduktion für Major-Komplikationen. Die Auswertung der PROM zeigte unabhängig von der Intervention eine signifikante Verbesserung der Gelenkfunktion und der allgemeinen gesundheitsbedingten Lebensqualität.

Schlussfolgerung
Integrierte orthogeriatrische Modelle, wie die Spezielle Orthopädische Geriatrie, könnten zukünftig die Versorgung geriatrischer Patienten in der elektiven orthopädischen Chirurgie verbessern und vor allem sicherer gestalten.

Graphic abstract
“Threatened and empty selves following AI-based virtual influencers”: comparison between followers and non-followers of virtual influencers in AI-driven digital marketing
Authors: Jin S. Venus , Viswanathan Vijay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual influencers are now frequently used by brands in various categories to engage customers. However, little is known about who the followers of these AI-based virtual influencers are and more importantly, what drives the followers to use AI-based virtual influencers. The results from a survey support the notion that compensatory mechanisms and the need to belong play important roles in affecting usage intentions of AI-based virtual influencers. Specifically, the study finds that usage intentions are mediated and moderated by compensatory mechanisms that arise from the perception of AI-based virtual influencers’ functional benefits and existential threats to human identity. Furthermore, the need for belonging moderates the effects of the following status (following versus non-following) on perceived personalization benefits of AI-based virtual influencers and behavioral intentions to use AI-based virtual influencers. This study provides important implications for academia delving into the social, cultural, and philosophical implications of AI-based virtual influencers for human societies as well as for brands that plan to use AI-based virtual influencers and gain a better understanding of their customers in AI-driven digital marketing.
Theory and simulation of shock waves freely propagating through monoatomic non-Boltzmann gas
Authors: Döntgen Malte 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effect of non-Boltzmann energy distributions on the free propagation of shock waves through a monoatomic gas is investigated via theory and simulation. First, the non-Boltzmann heat capacity ratio $$\gamma $$
γ
, as a key property for describing shock waves, is derived from first principles via microcanonical integration. Second, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations resembling a shock tube setup are used to test the theory. The presented theory provides heat capacity ratios ranging from the well-known $$\gamma = 5/3$$

γ
=
5
/
3

for Boltzmann energy-distributed gas to $$\gamma \rightarrow 1$$

γ
→
1

for delta energy-distributed gas. The molecular dynamics simulations of Boltzmann and non-Boltzmann driven gases suggest that the shock wave propagates about 9% slower through the non-Boltzmann driven gas, while the contact wave appears to be about 4% faster if it trails non-Boltzmann driven gas. The observed slowdown of the shock wave through applying a non-Boltzmann energy distribution was found to be consistent with the classical shock wave equations when applying the non-Boltzmann heat capacity ratio. These fundamental findings provide insights into the behavior of non-Boltzmann gases and might help to improve the understanding of gas dynamical phenomena.

Graphical abstract
Research on knowledge graph-driven equipment fault diagnosis method for intelligent manufacturing
Authors: Cai Chang , Jiang Zhengyi , Wu Hui , Wang Junsheng , Liu Jiawei , Song Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the process of rotating machinery fault diagnosis (RMFD), the lack of feature conditions leads to the problem of low accuracy of traditional rule-based reasoning methods FD. This paper proposed a knowledge graph (KG)-driven device FD method and applied it to RMFD. First, we proposed a multi-level KG construction method to get multi-source data based on each level and analyzed the levels that affected the system state. A single-level KG was constructed through data features, and a multilevel KG with a stereostructure was built using a multi-source data fusion model as data support for FD. Second, we proposed an approach based on multilevel KG and Bayes theory to detect the system state and located the source of faults by combining the KG reasoning based on relational paths, then used the relationships between the structures of rotating mechanical equipment for fault cause reasoning and used the KG as a knowledge base for a reason using machine learning. Finally, the proposed method was validated using a steelworks motor as an example and compared with other ways, such as rule-based FD. The results show that under the condition of missing input features, the accuracy of the proposed method reaches 91.1%, which is significantly higher than other methods and effectively solves the problem of low diagnostic accuracy.
A quasi-geostrophic analysis of summertime southern African linear-regime westerly waves
Authors: Ndarana Thando , Rammopo Tsholanang S. , Bopape Mary-Jane M. , Hart Neil C. G. , Reason Chris J. C. , Chikoore Hector 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLinear-regime westerly waves that propagate across the South African domain are often linked to well-known rainfall producing systems such as tropical temperate troughs and synoptic scale tropical low-pressure systems, and ridging South Atlantic Ocean anticyclones at the surface. It is accepted that the baroclinic waves that propagate across the domain provide the lifting mechanism that causes the required vertical motion for rainfall to occur. This study shows that there exists a jet streak embedded in these waves that is located downstream of the trough axis, to the east of which vertically upward motion is expected to occur. The entrance of the jet streak passes just south of the country, as the waves propagate past the domain. The study further shows that for this class of waves, the vertical motion that causes rainfall to occur is induced by the thermally direct transverse ageostrophic circulation that is located at this jet entrance. This is instead of the conventional upper air divergence that is located at the inflection point east of the trough axis. Using a method of decomposing the Q-vector into its transverse ($${Q}_n$$

Q
n

) and shear ($${Q}_s$$

Q
s

) components, the divergence fields of which are used to decompose the vertical motion into the corresponding components, i.e $$\omega _n$$

ω
n

and $$\omega _s$$

ω
s

, respectively; it was shown that the vertical motion over South Africa is explained more by the former than the latter. Therefore, the uplift over the country and that located at the infection point east of the trough are dynamically distinct processes. Taking the limitations of the quasi-geostrophic framework into consideration, the study concludes that during the passage of linear-regime waves vertical motion that might lead to rainfall is caused by the circulation at the jet entrance and not the divergence in the baroclinic wave.
Low-flow in aortic valve stenosis patients with reduced ejection fraction does not depend on left ventricular function
Authors: Gersch Svante , Lange Torben , Beuthner Bo Eric , Elkenani Manar , Paul Niels , Schnelle Moritz , Zeisberg Elisabeth , Puls Miriam , Hasenfuß Gerd , Schuster Andreas , Toischer Karl 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) can be distinguished into high- (HG) and low-gradient (LG) subgroups. However, less is known about their characteristics and underlying (pathophysiological) hemodynamic mechanisms.

Methods
98 AS patients with reduced LVEF were included. Subgroup characteristics were analyzed by a multimodal approach using clinical and histological data, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and applying echocardiography as well as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Biopsy samples were analyzed with respect to fibrosis and mRNA expression profiles.

Results
40 patients were classified as HG-AS and 58 patients as LG-AS. Severity of AS was comparable between the subgroups. Comparison of both subgroups revealed no differences in LVEF (p = 0.1), LV mass (p = 0.6) or end-diastolic LV diameter (p = 0.12). Neither histological (HG: 23.2% vs. LG: 25.6%, p = 0.73) and circulating biomarker-based assessment (HG: 2.6 ± 2.2% vs. LG: 3.2 ± 3.1%; p = 0.46) of myocardial fibrosis nor global gene expression patterns differed between subgroups. Mitral regurgitation (MR), atrial fibrillation (AF) and impaired right ventricular function (MR: HG: 8% vs. LG: 24%; p < 0.001; AF: HG: 30% vs. LG: 51.7%; p = 0.03; RVSVi: HG 36.7 vs. LG 31.1 ml/m2, p = 0.045; TAPSE: HG 20.2 vs. LG 17.3 mm, p = 0.002) were more frequent in LG-AS patients compared to HG-AS. These pathologies could explain the higher mortality of LG vs. HG-AS patients.

Conclusion
In patients with low-flow severe aortic stenosis, low transaortic gradient and cardiac output are not primarily due to LV dysfunction or global changes in gene expression, but may be attributed to other additional cardiac pathologies like mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation or right ventricular dysfunction. These factors should also be considered during planning of aortic valve replacement.

Graphical Abstract
Comparison of patients with high-gradient (HG) and low-gradient (LG) aortic stenosis (AS) and reduced ejection fraction. Comprehensive analyses including clinical data, gene expression analyses, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging as well as echocardiography were performed. AF: Atrial fibrillation, MR: mitral regurgitation, RVEF: right ventricular ejection fraction, ECV%: extracellular volume.
Differences in clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in neonates
Authors: Wu Yi-Xin , Wang Dan-Dan , Zhao Ru-Qi , Jin Ou-Xuan , Yang Jing-Yun , Zhang Mei-Xian , Wang Li-Zhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDifferences in clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in neonates remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in the main clinical, radiological, and laboratory features of early-onset and late-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections in neonates. This single-center, prospective cohort study enrolled neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection from December 7, 2022, to January 3, 2023, and evaluated their clinical characteristics during hospitalization. All neonates (N = 58) infected with SARS-CoV-2 within 28 days of birth who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Taizhou Hospital were included. These neonates were classified into the early-onset (diagnosed within 7 days of birth) and late-onset (diagnosed more than 7 days after birth) groups. The symptoms, treatment, and prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were the main study outcomes. The incidence of hospitalization attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection was 10.6% (58 of 546 neonates) in Linhai. Sixteen (28%) of the 58 SARS-CoV-2 infections were early-onset cases, and 42 (72%) were late-onset cases. The common symptoms among the late-onset group were fever (p < 0.001) and cough (p < 0.001). Neonates with late-onset SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to develop pneumonia. Conclusion: The clinical symptoms and rates of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates differed between the early-onset and late-onset groups. Different clinical management is necessary for neonates with early-onset and late-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections.

What is Known:• Neonates are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).• Differences in clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections in neonates remain unclear.

What is New:• Fever and cough were the most common symptoms among neonates with late-onset infection.• Neonates with late-onset SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to develop pneumonia.
Decadal-scale variability and warming affect spring timing and forest growth across the western Great Lakes region
Authors: McPartland Mara Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Great Lakes region of North America has warmed by 1–2 °C on average since pre-industrial times, with the most pronounced changes observable during winter and spring. Interannual variability in temperatures remains high, however, due to the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns that modulate the warming trend across years. Variations in spring temperatures determine growing season length and plant phenology, with implications for whole ecosystem function. Studying how both internal climate variability and the “secular” warming trend interact to produce trends in temperature is necessary to estimate potential ecological responses to future warming scenarios. This study examines how external anthropogenic forcing and decadal-scale variability influence spring temperatures across the western Great Lakes region and estimates the sensitivity of regional forests to temperature using long-term growth records from tree-rings and satellite data. Using a modeling approach designed to test for regime shifts in dynamic time series, this work shows that mid-continent spring climatology was strongly influenced by the 1976/1977 phase change in North Pacific atmospheric circulation, and that regional forests show a strengthening response to spring temperatures during the last half-century.