bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human language technology tools for indigenous South African languages and their potential use
Authors: Mlambo Respect , Matfunjwa Muzi 
Published: January 2025

Human language technology (HLT) contributes to the development of languages by providing various avenues through which languages can be interrogated. Through HLT, diverse questions can be raised and answered scientifically and objectively. In the context of South African indigenous languages (SAIL), several HLT tools support these languages. However, it seems that some language users are unaware of the availability and capabilities of these tools, which contributes to their underutilisation. This study aims to identify and describe briefly some of the HLT tools that support and analyse SAIL. It presents an overview of the open access HLT tools, namely part-of-speech (POS) taggers, morphological decomposers (MDs), morphological analysers (MAs), isiZulu.net, ZulMorph and Google Translate (GT). These tools are crucial in analysing and understanding SAIL, as well as for advancing these languages in the field of HLT. In this study, the researchers anticipate that by raising awareness of the existence of these tools, more users of indigenous languages will be eager to use them.Contribution: This study fills the practical gap in the use of HLT to perform linguistic functions for SAIL. It seems that there is underutilisation of existing HLT tools for SAIL, which might be attributed to language users being unaware of these tools. Therefore, the study aims to identify and describe some HLT tools that support and analyse SAIL. It presents an overview of the open access HLT tools, namely POS taggers, MD, MA, isiZulu.net, ZulMorph and GT. The researchers intend to demonstrate the use of these tools and to raise awareness about their existence.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonisation as a predictor for subsequent CRE infection: A retrospective surveillance study
Authors: Tubb Courtney M. , Tubb Marco , Hooijer Jonathan , Chomba Rispah , Nel Jeremy 
Published: January 2025

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation is an important prerequisite for infection, and its surveillance is crucial to reduce spread. However, data from South Africa are limited.Objectives: We aimed to determine CRE colonisation prevalence, the incidence of subsequent CRE infections and the risk factors associated with each.Method: We retrospectively reviewed hospital records from 686 patients admitted to a medical high-care ward at a tertiary hospital in Gauteng, South Africa, between October 2019 and May 2022. Patients were grouped by CRE colonisation status on arrival and discharge. Data on comorbidities, indwelling devices and antibiotic exposure were collected.Results: The prevalence of CRE colonisation was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.1–15.1), with Klebsiella pneumoniae (81.2%) being the most common CRE isolated and OXA-48-like enzymes (94.5%) being the most frequent carbapenemase detected. Risk factors for CRE colonisation on the univariate analysis included exposure to antibiotics (odds ratio [OR]: 2.21; 95% CI: 0.98–4.96, P = 0.048) and presence of a central venous line (OR: 6.33; 95% CI: 1.78–22.46, P = 0.001). Of patients colonised with a CRE, 21.2% subsequently developed a culture-positive infection within 180 days from the initial colonisation result and the majority within 30 days. These infections were mostly CREs (OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.3–12.7), and where the infections were CREs, the causative CRE organism and carbapenemase subtype were identical in each case.Conclusion: Our study documented higher CRE prevalence rates than those previously reported from South Africa. Given the association between CRE colonisation and subsequent infection, urgent measures are required to reduce CRE colonisation rates. As the organism and carbapenemase detected in the initial colonisation and subsequent CRE infection were closely related, knowledge of prior CRE colonisation may assist clinicians with antibiotic choice if patients present with an infection within 30 days of CRE colonisation.Contribution: This study reports higher CRE colonization rates in South Africa than previously documented, highlighting the urgent need to reduce colonization. The close genetic link between CRE colonization and subsequent infection suggests that knowledge of prior colonization can guide clinicians in selecting effective antibiotics, particularly for infections occurring within 30 days. These findings support targeted interventions to address the rising CRE threat.
Evaluating Potential Plant-based Root Canal Irrigants for their Anti-bacterial Effectualness: A Lab-based Research Study
Authors: Oak Anjali Aayush , Attur Kailash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The escalating resistance of bacterial strains to conventional antimicrobial agents necessitates the exploration of alternative natural remedies. This study investigates the anti-bacterial efficacy of Triphala and Aloe Vera extracts, individually and in varying proportions, against Enterococcus fecalis compared to established chemical agents, specifically 0.5% and 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).

Materials and Methods:
Standard strains of E. Coli were inoculated in the Mueller–Hinton agar plates incubated at 37°C for 24 h, using the agar well diffusion method with irrigants categorised as Group I: Triphala extract, Group II: Aloe vera extract, Group III: Triphala and aloe vera extract in 1:2 combination, Group IV: NaOCl in 0.5% concentration and Group V: NaOCl in 3% concentration. Data were analysed using ANOVA and post hoc tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The results demonstrated significant anti-bacterial activity of both natural products, with varying effects based on their combination ratios. Combination therapies using Triphala and Aloe Vera produced enhanced anti-bacterial effects compared to individual applications against E. fecalis bacterial strains. The results were not statistically significant, indicating herbal irrigants performed equivalently as compared to both the concentrations of NaOCl used in this research study.

Conclusion:
Combinations of natural products in this study exhibit significant anti-bacterial activity, suggesting their potential role in further applications for disinfection and endodontic treatments which needs to be corroborated with further clinical studies.
A strategy to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with tPSA >10 ng ml−1 and PI-RADS 1–3
Authors: Dong Qi-Fei , Liu Yi-Xun , Chen Yu-Han , Ma Yi-Fan , Zhou Tao , Fan Xue-Feng , Yu Xiang , Wang Chang-Ming , Xiao Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a strategy to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in Chinese patients with total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) >10 ng ml−1 and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores between 1 and 3. Clinical data derived from 517 patients of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Hefei, China) from January 2020 to December 2023 who met the screening criteria for the study were retrospectively collected. Independent predictors were identified via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic capacity of clinical variables was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC). A prostate biopsy strategy was developed via risk stratification. Of the 517 patients, 17/348 (4.9%) with PI-RADS 1–2 were diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and 27/169 (16.0%) patients with PI-RADS 3 were diagnosed with csPCa. The appropriate prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) cut-off values were 0.45 ng ml−2 for PI-RADS 1–2 patients and 0.3 ng ml−2 for PI-RADS 3 patients. The appropriate prostate volume (PV) cut-off values were 40 ml for PI-RADS 1–2 patients and 50 ml for PI-RADS 3 patients. The prostate biopsy strategy based on PSAD and PV developed in this study can reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with tPSA >10 ng ml−1 and PI-RADS 1–3. In the study, 66.5% (344/517) patients did not need to undergo prostate biopsy, at the expense of missing only 1.7% (6/344) patients with csPCa.
Clinicoradiological Manifestations of Melioidosis with Pulmonary Involvement in a Tertiary Hospital Setup
Authors: Ananth P Prem , Anand R , Prathipa R , Raj S Raghul , Nagarajan N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia
pseudomallei, can have varied presentations ranging from acute, subacute, or chronic presentation. Our study aims to comprehensively investigate and analyze the epidemiology and clinicoradiological characteristics of melioidosis along with their prognosis.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single-centered retrospective observational study where the data of 30 culture-positive melioidosis patients admitted to our hospital from August 2020 to August 2023 were collected and analyzed. All the patients were subjected to routine chest X-rays or high-resolution computed tomography thorax during admission.

Results:
The median age was 45.6 (41–60 years). Males were more commonly affected than females. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbid followed by chronic kidney disease. Radiologically, the right upper lobes (46.6%) are more commonly involved followed by the left upper lobe (23.3%). Systemic involvement of melioidosis shows isolated pulmonary (Lung plus Pleura) involvement at up to 38% followed by disseminated melioidosis at 33% (more than two or more organs involved), with liver and lymph nodes both accounting for 9%. The most common pulmonary presentation was a cavity (50%), followed by lobar infiltrates (46.6%) and atelectasis (33.3%). Around 10 patients had a chronic presentation with bone and joint involvement (6.6%), lymphadenopathy (10%), and pleural empyema (16.6%). The delay in diagnosis in these chronic cases is attributed to their atypical presentation often mimicking tuberculosis or malignancy. Among the 30 patients, 22 patients improved with treatment, seven patients went against medical advice, and one patient succumbed to the disease.

Conclusion:
Our study highlights the importance of clinical assessment, radiological findings, appropriate sampling, and culture methods in suspected melioidosis cases, especially in patients residing in endemic areas such as the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, thereby initiating early antibiotics for improved patient outcomes.
Dual Mycobacterial Invasion: A Case Report on Coexisting Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infection
Authors: Ananth P. Prem , Raj S. Raghul , Anand R. , Nagarajan N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are concerning for individuals with factors such as previous TB, diabetes, and chronic pulmonary conditions. Coinfections with TB and NTM, though rare, present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Mycobacterium kansasii, an NTM species, can cause pulmonary disease similar to TB, requiring thorough diagnostic approaches for effective treatment. This case report highlights a 61-year-old male farmer with a history of TB who was diagnosed with a TB-NTM (M. kansasii) coinfection after presenting with recurrent pulmonary symptoms.
Fifteen Percent Thermal Burn Injury Developing Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Mandal Debanjan , Mondal Arnab , Bhattacharya Rupnarayan , Mukherjee Shatavisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although many medical and surgical illnesses are implicated for development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), few diseases contribute predominantly as etiology. Pneumonia and sepsis are the most common causes followed in incidence by aspiration of gastric contents, trauma, multiple transfusions, and drug overdose. Here, we report a case of 15% total body surface area 2nd-degree thermal burn injury developing severe ARDS, which was managed successfully. Apart from mechanical ventilation, aggressive attempts to reduce left atrial filling pressures with fluid restriction and diuretics constitute an important aspect of ARDS management.
Phenobarbital vs. Levetiracetam in Neonatal Seizures: Is Old Still the Gold? A Narrative Review
Authors: Shambhavi  , Dubey Pawan Kumar , Pandey Akash Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Neonatal seizures (NSs) are a common problem encountered in almost every neonatal intensive care unit. They are not only challenging to diagnose but also to treat. Although phenobarbital is the most popular first-line antiepileptic drug used to treat them, recently, an increasing number of neonatologists are losing faith in this drug due to its possible side effects on the neonatal brain.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the best first-line antiepileptic medication for NS according to safety and efficacy in the form of current evidence and literature.

Materials and Methods:
We searched the PubMed database using the medical subject headings terms “NS,” “first-line anti-epileptics,” “phenobarbital,” “levetiracetam (LEV),” “efficacy,” “safety,” and reviewed the relevant studies. We studied articles written in English for the past 10 years, without excluding older articles that were relevant to this review.

Conclusion:
There has been a recent surge of interest in the use of LEV as a first-line antiepileptic due to its better safety profile. But still, the current evidence based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) does not support its use as first-line antiepileptic. Phenobarbital still has the potential to continue as the drug of choice for NS until larger RCTs are done.
Pertanggung Jawaban Hukum Pengelola Parkir Terkait Legalitas Usahanya
Authors: Murahman Farhan , Berlianty Teng , Kuahaty Sarah Selfina 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Parking service users who are harmed because there are managers and parking attendants who manage a parking lot illegally, they do not have direct permission from the local government and there is a loss of consumer belongings, and the consumer asks for compensation for the loss but the parking officer does not want to be responsible for the reason that it is not his responsibility, this is of course the responsibility of the parking manager if the parking officer does not want to be responsible for the The loss.
Purposes of the Research: The responsibility of the parking manager, this of course causes losses experienced by parking lot users or consumers due to the absence of responsibility from the parking manager.
Methods of the Research: The research method used is a type of normative research that is carried out by researching library materials or secondary data, legal materials consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials, in the procedure for collecting legal materials is carried out by examining legal materials, preparing legal materials, systematically processing and analyzing legal materials.
Results Originality of the Research: The results of this study show that the legality of parking attendants, namely parking managers, must have official permits from the local government and wear uniforms or clear identification. Sanctions given to illegal parking attendants include verbal or written reprimands and administrative fines, as well as the responsibility of parking managers to parking service users. In the event of loss of consumer goods, the parking manager is responsible for replacing the lost consumer goods, because the task of the parking manager is to protect the consignment items belonging to consumers as if they belong to them and must be returned in their original form.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pengguna Jasa Internet Terhadap Kerahasiaan Data Pribadi
Authors: Anakotta Fredrik , Haliwela Nancy Silvana , Pariela Marselo Valentino Geovani 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In the current era of globalization, the internet plays a very important role in human life. In addition to playing an important role, there are also adverse impacts that harm internet service users such as personal data leaks. The confidentiality of personal data was leaked in 2022, including indihome customer data, as many as 26 million customer data were traded on BreachForms by Bjorka. The data is in the form of keyword search history, user info such as email, name, to Population Identification Number.
Purposes of the Research: A form of legal protection for the public regarding the security of personal data and consumer rights that are not fulfilled.
Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical, namely by examining various laws and regulations and other literature related to the research.
Results Originality of the Research: The results of this study show that the form of legal protection for internet service users against the confidentiality of personal data consists of three forms, namely the form of supervision of personal data, the existence of the principle of personal data security protection, where internet service providers are obliged to maintain the security of internet service user data, the existence of personal data security from unauthorized parties, for which the Government, Internet Service Providers, Law enforcement officials are obliged to supervise and secure all forms of internet networks, for example by deleting or locking personal data if it has been used by the user, as well as strengthening legal arrangements related to the misuse of personal data confidentiality. Quickly handle various cases of abuse of the confidentiality of personal data of internet network users so that it has a deterrent effect.
Sclera Segmentation in Images for Bilirubin Level Measurement Using the U-Net Network
Authors: Mendoza-Mora Diana A. , Vilchis-González Adriana H. , Martínez-Méndez Rigoberto , Muñoz-Jiménez Vianney , Francisco-Valencia Iván 
Published: January 2025

The sclera is a white membrane rich in collagen and elastin fibres, which gives it an affinity for bilirubin. This yellow substance is produced by the breakdown of the heme group, and when its levels are elevated, it causes jaundice a condition that leads to yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera. The intensity of the yellowing in the sclera is directly related to bilirubin levels in the body. This relationship enables the extraction of features to infer these levels using machine learning techniques based on RGB images of the sclera. Sclera segmentation is a transcendent factor in achieving this goal. For this reason, this article presents the results of sclera segmentation using the U-Net network. This is a convolutional network composed of encoding and decoding layers and is used for medical image segmentation. The model was trained and validated with a set of 181 eye images and their corresponding binary masks. The results obtained during the training phase are Loss (0.006), Precision (0.976), Recall (0.973) and F1-score (0.974), and in the validation phase: Loss (0.145), Precision (0.897), Recall (0.863) and F1-Score (0.880). These results demonstrate the U-Net model's effectiveness in segmenting the sclera, particularly in the training phase where the metrics are highly favorable. However, the slight decrease in performance during the validation phase suggests the need for further refinement. Future work will focus on increasing the dataset size and introducing data augmentation techniques to improve generalization and robustness. Ultimately, accurate sclera segmentation is a critical step toward developing reliable Machine Learning models for non-invasive bilirubin level estimation.
Hematological values of mice and rat strains : Perspectives from ACTREC Laboratory Animal Facility
Authors: Ingle A D , Shinde A D , Ahire S D 
Published: January 2025

Experimental results of the hematological or biochemical data are best interpreted and compared based on previously reported baseline data for the strains in question. Maintenance and managemental conditions of the animals varies from organization to organization. Naturally, the baseline data for hematology and biochemistry may vary amongst the same species or strains of animals. This study was undertaken to establish hematological reference values in mice and rat strains maintained at Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai and to compare with that of the values reported by other workers as in the literature. Hematological values were found to be within the normal range when compared to the values reported in the literature. Slight deviations in these values have been noticed within the strain. However, they remain within the reported normal range. Most of the time, the normal range values were so wide that it necessitates the need for the laboratory-specific baseline data. The wide range may be the result of genetic changes, change in feed, housing conditions, technique and equipments used or management conditions. The hematological values of these strains may provide valuable baseline data to the researchers for future experiments using these inbred strains.
Effect of graded levels of Jojoba meal in the complete feed of rabbits on voluntary intake and nutrient utilization
Authors: L Kiran , V Nagabhushana , N V Jadhav , C B Madhavaprasad , Pawar Ashok , V B Shettar 
Published: January 2025

The study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of Jojoba meal (Simmondisa Chinensis) on feed consumption, body weight changes, feed efficiency, and digestibility of nutrients in rabbits. A total of forty New Zealand white rabbits (4 week old) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatment groups of ten rabbits in each group. The control group (T0) was fed with complete feed with no Jojoba oil meal and test groups were fed complete feed with 5, 15 and 25% Jojoba oil meal in T1, T2 and T3 groups respectively. The daily dry matter intake in test groups were significantly (P≤ 0.05) reduced as compared to the control group. The average weekly body weight in test diet groups found significantly (P≤ 0.05) reduced consistently leading to reduction of body weight. Digestibility of either proximate principles (Dry matter, Organic matter, Crude fibre, Nitrogen free extractives) or fibre fractions (Neutral detergent fibre and Acid detergent fibre) was unaffected by jojoba supplementation whereas crude protein and ether extract digestibility and intake of total digestible nutrients and digestible crude protein were significantly lower in treated groups as compared to control group of rabbits.
The use of PCR and environmental swabs to identify mouse parvovirus post decontamination
Authors: Swanson J L , Marks G 
Published: January 2025

Due to a history of recurrences of Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) outbreaks, a novel procedural solution to environmentally screen previously contaminated rooms was explored. The authors wanted to evaluate a rapid, reliable means to test the environment without using animals by investigating the use of environmental swabs to detect residual MPV after rooms were depopulated and decontaminated. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed on environmental swabs to determine the presence of DNA that could be indicative of residual MPV in the affected rooms. The absence of MPV DNA demonstrated that the rooms were adequately decontaminated, and the likelihood of a re-infection was minimal after repopulation. The use of PCR to confirm the absence of environmental MPV has been an excellent method to determine the effectiveness of post outbreak decontamination.