bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Social, Behavioral, and Ethical Considerations for SmartLife Engineering
Authors: Murray John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Smart Life (SL) systems do not exist in a technological vacuum; they are embedded in a social ecosystem and have rich and complex interactions with their surroundings. It is important to recognize that their design and implementation will have an impact on the individuals and communities around them. This chapter examines the social, behavioral, and ethical issues to be considered in a holistic systems approach to SL engineering, to help practitioners and stakeholders to design the strategies needed for successful SL deployments. It addresses these topics from several disciplinary viewpoints and provides a comprehensive set of references for those requiring further detailed information.
Stakeholders in Smart City Standardization
Authors: Jakobs Kai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter suggests a way to better integrate the expertise of societal stakeholders into the earliest possible stage of the development of technologies with significant non-technical ramifications, e.g., societal, environmental, or ethical. Based on a thorough analysis of the current situation, the chapter suggests a modified standards setting process for such technologies. Specifically, it describes how the diverse stakeholders and their different forms of knowledge may be integrated into this process and how it may be managed.
Smart-Viticulture and Deep Learning: Challenges and Recent Developments on Yield Prediction
Authors: Mohimont Lucas , Hollard Lilian , Steffenel Luiz Angelo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Smart agriculture is a trendy topic as it has a clear impact in both productivity, ecological impact, and improvement of working conditions. Smart viticulture is one of the domains that can benefit both from wireless sensor networks and mobile devices embarked in vineyard labor tools (e.g., on a straddler tractor). One important use case is related to the yield estimation, an invaluable information to drive the harvest organization, plant management, and business’s economy. Traditional methods rely on destructive sampling and manual counting, resulting in error rates sometimes greater than 30%. In this chapter, we review existing techniques for the automation of yield estimation and, focusing on deep learning methods, propose some strategies and preliminary results obtained in a production environment.
Introduction
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book's research question and explains its relevance. The book is concerned with the concept of feasibility and how scientific assessments in the climate context engage with it. Feasibility is a central concept in political philosophy and has been prominently featured in recent climate discourse. Integrated Assessment Models are scientific models that project various climate futures for given climate goals and thereby provide scenario evidence on the feasibility of climate goals and different mitigation strategies. The central philosophical problem of the book is introduced as the value problem in assessing feasibility. The question is how we can assess the seemingly empirical concept of feasibility with value-laden models, which inherently and deeply depend on a range of value assumptions. The book attempts to explain how the models can contribute to assessing feasibility, while at the same time critically discussing their normative basis and evaluating modeling practices in light of a principal solution to the value problem. This chapter outlines the content and argument the book makes and what it contributes to the existing literature.
The Value-Dimension of Feasibility
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues that feasibility judgments are inherently value-laden and that recognizing this value dimension helps address two key conceptual challenges in the feasibility debate. It begins by introducing the widespread assumption that feasibility is a purely descriptive concept and that this notion helps separate scientific facts from values. The chapter then surveys conceptual contributions that challenge this separation and argues for a “thick” conception of feasibility, building on Wiens’ account. The proposed thick conception integrates value judgments in three ways: by excluding unacceptable means, rejecting measures with unacceptable side effects, and setting value-laden thresholds for acceptable levels of uncertainty. This value-laden understanding of feasibility addresses the first challenge of distinguishing feasibility from mere practical possibility. The chapter argues that the normative role of feasibility as ruling out proposals can be refined as demarcating options that are worthy of deliberation. This sense of ruling out is compatible with thick feasibility. Finally, it recovers the comparative sense of feasibility through related, value-laden concepts—such as options being “more challenging” or “more realistic”—thereby addressing the second challenge.
CFS/ME als ideale Fassade für das Münchhausen-by-Proxy-Syndrom? – „Auch Ausruhen kann anstrengend sein …“
Authors: Melfsen Siebke , Lucas Torsten 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Vorgestellt wird die 9‑jährige Mara mit progressiver körperlicher Schwäche bei Kachexie, Licht- und Lärmempfindlichkeit, Kopfschmerzen und Konzentrationsstörungen sowie seit Monaten auf die Kernfamilie reduzierten sozialen Kontakten. Mara lebte in einem reizabgeschirmten Raum. Die Mutter hatte eine vergleichbare Symptomatik, die – wie anfangs die von Mara – als Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalitis (CFS/ME) eingeordnet worden war.
Der akute Rückgang der Symptomatik bei Aufnahme auf unsere psychosomatische Station mit Trennung von der Mutter sowie die detaillierte (Beziehungs‑)Anamnese und Einordnung der auffälligen Interaktions- und Verhaltensmuster führten nach dem Ausschluss einer organischen Ursache zur Diagnose Münchhausen-by-Proxy-Syndrom (MbpS) und ermöglichten es, Mara erfolgreich zu behandeln.
Role of membrane porosity in passive sampling of aquatic contaminants for stable isotope analysis: enhancement of analyte accumulation rates and selectivity
Authors: Tafa Armela , Bernstein Anat , Elsner Martin , Bakkour Rani 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a potent method for illustrating the in situ degradation of aquatic contaminants. However, its application to surface and groundwater is hindered by low contaminant concentrations, typically in the nanogram-per-litre range, requiring the processing of large water volumes. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) have shown promising results when combined with CSIA, yet their extended deployment time to accumulate sufficient analyte mass remains a major limitation. In our study, we addressed this issue by increasing the pore size of the polyethersulfone membrane (PES) from 0.1 to 8

$$\upmu $$

μ

m. This resulted in significant increases in the mass accumulation rates of atrazine (3.5-fold), S-metolachlor (3.4-fold), and boscalid (3.0-fold). Importantly, the larger pore sizes did not compromise isotopic integrity, with

$$\Delta \delta ^{13}$$

Δ

δ
13

C

$$\le +0.4\pm 0.1$$

≤
+
0.4
±
0.1

‰ and

$$\Delta \delta ^{15}$$

Δ

δ
15

N

$$\le -0.6\pm 0.4$$

≤
-
0.6
±
0.4

‰, both within accepted uncertainties. Additionally, we observed an enhanced selectivity of the larger pores towards the target analytes over humic acids, whereas no significant increase in (bio)fouling potential was detected for the 8

$$\upmu $$

μ

m membrane, as demonstrated by gravimetric analysis, SEM measurements, mass accumulation rates, and isotope ratios of fouled and unfouled POCIS. Our findings show that increasing the membrane pore size from 0.1 to 8

$$\upmu $$

μ

m reduces deployment time and expedites the accumulation of analyte mass required for gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry, offering a promising method to expand CSIA for low-concentration pesticide analysis in the field.

Graphical abstract
Intracellular enhancement technique for gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase magnetic resonance imaging: evaluation of hepatic function
Authors: Fonseca Dara , Nakamura Yuko , Higaki Toru , Maeda Shogo , Nishihara Takashi , Bito Yoshitaka , Takizawa Masahiro , Kondo Shota , Higashino Ryo , Morishita Shintaro , Akiyama Yuji , Fukuma Shingo , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Tsuge Masataka , Oka Shiro , Awai Kazuo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the utility of intracellular enhancement (ICE) technique which suppresses signals from the extracellular space for the evaluation of hepatic function on gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase (HBP) images.

Methods
We subjected 67 patients with suspected neoplastic hepatic lesions to gadoxetic acid-enhanced HBP imaging with and without ICE [i-HBP, conventional-HBP (c-HBP)]. A radiologist calculated the liver/spleen contrast (LSC) [LSC = signal intensity (SI) of liver/SI of spleen]. Receiver-operating analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the LSC on i-HBP- (i-LSC) and c-HBP images (c-LSC) to differentiate between Child-Pugh classes A and B.

Results
Of the 67 patients, 57 were in Child-Pugh class A and 10 were in class B. For their differentiation, the area under the curve value of i-LSC was higher than of c-LSC (0.81 vs. 0.68).

Conclusions
ICE technique can improve the accuracy of estimating hepatic function on HBP images.

Graphical abstract
Trends and Gaps in Prescribed Burning Research
Authors: Gordon Luke , Evans Maldwyn John , Zylstra Philip , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prescribed burning is a key tool in land management globally used to reduce wildfire risks and achieve ecological, cultural and resource management objectives across both natural and human systems. Despite its widespread application, research on prescribed burning is marked by significant gaps. Subsequently, we posed the following research questions: (1) What are the key research topics that define international, peer-reviewed literature on prescribed burning? (2) What are the temporal and spatial trends of these topics? (3) What are the relationships between the national income of a given country and the trends in research topics? And, (4) What are the most salient knowledge gaps in peer-reviewed prescribed burning research, and how can they be addressed? We used structural topic modelling and geoparsing to conduct a detailed text analysis of 7878 peer-reviewed articles on prescribed burning. We revealed that research on prescribed burning is dominated by studies from high-income countries, particularly the United States. This highlights a geographical bias that may skew global understanding and application of prescribed burning practices. Our topic modelling revealed the most prevalent topics to be Fire Regimes and Landscape Biodiversity Management, whilst topics such as Air Pollution & Health, and Wildfire Risk Management gained prominence in recent years. Our analysis highlighted a disconnect between forestry-related research and broader landscape management topics. This finding emphasises the need for more interdisciplinary research, and research on the use and effects of prescribed burning in diverse ecosystems and underrepresented regions, particularly in the context of climate change.
Cost-utility analysis of ropeginterferon alfa-2b to manage low-risk patients with polycythemia vera as compared to phlebotomy only in the Austrian healthcare system
Authors: Walter Evelyn , Torelli Francesca , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Treatment of polycythemia vera (PV) aims to maintain hematocrit on target to reduce risk of thrombotic complications, while preventing disease progression to myelofibrosis (MF) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This analysis evaluated cost-effectiveness of adding ropeginterferon alfa-2b (ropegIFNα) to phlebotomy in patients with low-risk PV (those younger than 60 years without prior thrombosis), compared to phlebotomy alone. We combined a 12-month decision tree with a semi-Markov cohort model comparing ropegIFNα to the standard treatment from the Austrian healthcare system perspective over 30 years. Outcomes were quality adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR). Model inputs were obtained from the phase 2 Low-PV study, additional published literature and from Austrian-specific cost databases. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (SA) assessed the robustness of findings. RopegIFNα led to 1,43 higher QALYs and 50.960 EUR overall higher costs compared to phlebotomy alone, with an ICUR of 35.525 EUR/QALY. Thrombosis, MF, and AML costs decreased for the ropegIFNα group by 12%, 30% and 16% respectively, due to the delayed complications onset and disease progression. In the one-way SA, ropegIFNα costs and discount rates had the greatest impact on results. The probabilistic SA showed a 100% probability of cost-effectiveness at willingness-to-pay threshold aligned to the Austrian GDP per capita. RopegIFNα is a cost-effective treatment option for patients with low-risk PV. These findings suggest that early treatment with ropegIFNα could ensure optimal resource allocation by preventing costly thrombotic events and progression to MF whilst increasing patient quality of life.
Robustness of radiomics within photon-counting detector CT: impact of acquisition and reconstruction factors
Authors: Zhang Huan , Lu Tingwei , Wang Lingyun , Xing Yue , Hu Yangfan , Xu Zhihan , Lu Junjie , Yang Jiarui , Chu Jingshen , Zhang Benyan , Zhong Jingyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the impact of acquisition and reconstruction factors on the robustness of radiomics within photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT).

Methods
A phantom with twenty-eight texture materials was scanned with different acquisition and reconstruction factors including reposition, scan mode (standard vs high-pitch), tube voltage (120 kVp vs 140 kVp), slice thickness (1.0 mm vs 0.4 mm), radiation dose level (0.5 mGy, 1.0 mGy, 3.0 mGy, 5.0 mGy, vs 10.0 mGy), quantum iterative reconstruction level (0/4, 2/4, vs 4/4), and reconstruction kernel (Qr40, Qr44, vs Qr48). Thirteen sets of virtual monochromatic images at 70-keV were reconstructed. The regions of interest were drawn with rigid registrations. Ninety-three radiomics features were extracted from each material. The reproducibility of radiomics features was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The variability of radiomics features was assessed by coefficient of variation (CV) and quartile coefficient of dispersion (QCD).

Results
The percentage of features with ICC > 0.90 and CCC > 0.90 were high when repositioned (88.2% and 88.2%) and tube voltage was changed (87.1% and 87.1%), but none of the features with ICC > 0.90 and CCC > 0.90 when high-pitch scan and different slice thickness were used. The percentage of features with CV < 10% and QCD < 10% were high when repositioned (47.3% and 68.8%) and tube voltage was changed (64.2% and 71.0%), but that with CV < 10% and QCD < 10% were low between standard and high-pitch scans (16.1% and 26.9%) and slice thickness (19.4% and 29.0%).

Conclusions
The PCD-CT radiomics was robust to tube voltage, radiation dose, reconstruction strength level, and kernel, but brittle to high-pitch scan and slice thickness.

Key Points

Question

The stability of radiomics features against acquisition and reconstruction factors within PCD-CT should be fully determined before academic research and clinical application.

Findings

The radiomics features are robust against tube voltage, radiation dose, reconstruction strength level, and kernel within PCD-CT but brittle to high-pitch scan and slice thickness.

Clinical relevance

The high-pitch scan and slice thickness that influence voxel size should be set with careful attention within PCD-CT, to allow a higher robustness of radiomics features before the implementation of radiomics analysis in clinical routine.
Neobladder saving caesarean section in a pregnant woman with congenital bladder exstrophy
Authors: Granieri Chiara , D’Ippolito Silvia , Foresta Aniello , Gui Benedetta , Foschi Nazario , Esposito Giovanni , Scambia Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To propose an obstetric management model for patients with congenital bladder exstrophy (BE) and multiple previous surgeries, recognizing the unique anatomical variations of each patient and emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment approaches.

Methods
We present the obstetric management and delivery of a 32-year-old pregnant woman with congenital BE, focusing on antenatal anatomical assessment, accurate delivery planning and key surgical steps during an elective caesarean section. Additionally, we conduct a comprehensive review of the current literature to enhance understanding of the reproductive implications associated with this exceptionally rare condition.

Results
Following urological magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative ultrasound, a successful neobladder-saving caesarean section was performed at 37 weeks, resulting in the delivery of a healthy infant with no maternal complications.

Conclusion
Obstetric management in women with congenital BE presents unique challenges due to its significant impact on urinary and reproductive functions. Careful delivery planning and antenatal anatomical assessment are crucial for optimizing both maternal and fetal outcomes. A personalized, multidisciplinary approach can help minimize potential complications.
Iron-sulfur clusters: the road to room temperature
Authors: Skeel Brighton A. , Suess Daniel L. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Iron-sulfur proteins perform a wide variety of reactions central to the metabolisms of all living organisms. Foundational to their reaction chemistry are the rich electronic structures of their constituent Fe-S clusters, which differ in important ways from the active sites of mononuclear Fe enzymes. In this perspective, we summarize the essential electronic structure features that make Fe-S clusters unique, and point to the need for studies aimed at understanding the electronic basis for their reactivity under physiological conditions. Specifically, at ambient temperature, both the ground state and a large number of excited states are thermally populated, and thus a complete understanding of Fe-S cluster reactivity must take into account the properties, energies, and reactivity patterns of these excited states. We highlight prior research toward characterizing the low-energy excited states of Fe-S clusters that has established what is now a consensus model of these excited state manifolds and the bonding interactions that give rise to them. In particular, we discuss the low-energy alternate spin states and valence electron configurations that occur in Fe-S clusters of varying nuclearities, and finally suggest that there may be unrecognized functional roles for these states.

Graphical abstract
Sparsity and proximity transference in integer programming
Authors: Aliev Iskander , Celaya Marcel , Henk Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We obtain new transference bounds that connect the additive integrality gap and sparsity of solutions for integer linear programs. Specifically, we consider the integer programs

$$\min \{{\varvec{c}}\cdot {\varvec{x}}: {\varvec{x}}\in P\cap \mathbb {Z}^n\}$$

min
{

c

·

x

:

x

∈
P
∩

Z

n

}

, where

$$P=\{{\varvec{x}}\in \mathbb {R}^n: \varvec{A}{\varvec{x}}={\varvec{b}}, {\varvec{x}}\ge {\varvec{0}}\}$$

P
=
{

x

∈

R

n

:

A

x

=

b

,

x

≥

0

}

is a polyhedron in the standard form determined by an integer

$$m\times n$$

m
×
n

matrix

$$\varvec{A}$$

A

and an integer vector

$${\varvec{b}}$$

b

. The main result of the paper gives an upper bound for the integrality gap that drops exponentially in the size of the support of the optimal solutions corresponding to the vertices of the integer hull of P. Additionally, we obtain a new proximity estimate for the

$$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

-distance from a vertex of P to its nearest integer point in P. We also strengthen previously known bounds for the integer Carathéodory rank, a key sparsity characteristic which estimates the minimum size of the support of an integer point in P in terms of the matrix

$$\varvec{A}$$

A

. The proofs make use of the results from the geometry of numbers and convex geometry.
Reconstruction of paleo-environments by two aquatic plants: eDNA analysis in lake sediment cores
Authors: Yamagishi Satoshi , Nakamura Yasuhide , Seto Koji , Ando Takuto , Katsuki Kota , Takahara Teruhiko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis using lake sediment cores can be used to assess populations, dynamics, and historical changes in ecosystems and environments, based on the DNA composition of micro-organisms and plants. While this method has shed light on past environments, a more detailed understanding of past ecosystems requires targeted sediment core eDNA analysis focusing on specific species. Here, we focused on the salt-tolerant aquatic plants Stuckenia pectinata and Potamogeton pusillus, which are abundant in Lake Shinji and serves as a model system for Japanese brackish lakes, conducted species-specific DNA analysis on nine sediment cores 64–379 cm collected from water depth of 4.6–5.1 m. Additionally, we performed CNS elemental analysis on these sediment cores to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of Lake Shinji. Our findings revealed the presence of S. pectinata and P. pusillus DNA from approximately 2000 years ago, and a clear relationship was observed between DNA detection and historical salinity levels in the lake. Stuckenia pectinata tended to have a higher DNA detection frequency than that of P. pusillus, possibly related to the different salinity tolerance levels between the two species. Based on the relationship between the horizontal–vertical distributions of sedimentary eDNA of aquatic plants and their salinity tolerances, the paleoenvironment associated with salinity in Lake Shinji could also be reconstructed. Therefore, it is possible to elucidate the long-term dynamics of these plants associated with past environmental change as water pollution, using the time-series data on eDNA of macro-organisms, such as aquatic plants, in the sediment cores.