bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Effect of Butyric and Propionic Supplementation in Common Carp Diets on Growth and Immunological Parameters
Authors: Alhamadany Abbas Shanshool , mohamed Mariamm J. , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted for the period from 1/9/2021 to 3/6/2022, at the first agricultural research and experiment station of the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, which is located north of the city of Samawah near the end of the Alatshan river, about 4 km, whose water was relied upon as a source in this study. The butyric and propionic acids were mixed in the following proportions, and were fed to the experimental fish by ten treatments, which was (P0.00%, B0.00%), the control treatment, (P0.05%B0.05%) the first treatment T1, (%P 0.05%, B 0.15%) second treatment T2, (%P 0.05 0.20 B%) the third treatment T3, (%P 0.15% B0.05%) the fourth treatment T4, ( %P 0.15 %B 0.15) the fifth transaction T5, (P 0.15%B 0.20%) was the sixth treatment T6, (%P 0.20%B 0.05) was the seventh treatment T7, (%P 0.20 %B 0.15) was the eighth treatment T8, (%P 0.20 %B 0.20) was The ninth treatment T9, and they were added to diets with a protein content of 29.14% and a total energy of 396.726 (Kcal/g), 180 common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) fish were distributed among the ten treatments, and each treatment had three replications in 30 plastic cages with diameters of 50 cm and a depth of 65 cm in a cylindrical shape, each cage has 6 fish. The results showed the superiority of T2 in all growth parameters FW, WG, DGR, RGR, SGR, MGR, FI, FCR, FCE, and PER, followed significantly by T1, then T3, then T4 in almost all growth parameters. From the foregoing, it can be said that butyric and propionic acids can be used as functional additives in common carp fish diets, as they improve metabolic growth coefficient, feed conversion efficiency, and increase food intake efficiency.
Effect of Genetic Variation of Leptin Gene on Intake of Roughage and Concentrated Diet of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Enas R. A. , Mohamed S. F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research was carried out in the animal farm at the University of Baghdad’s College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences between January 22 and April 2, 2022. The purpose of this research is to examine how variations in the leptin gene may influence feed conversion ratio, roughage intake, and concentrated diet consumption. Here, forty Awassi lambs are put to use. The (40) Awassi lambs were randomly assigned to separate pens when they were selected at 4–5 months old with an average birth weight of 25.4 kilograms. 66.67, 30.56, and 2.7% were found to be SNP (G>A) variants; the differences between these three groups were statistically significant (P0.01). Roughage feed derived from dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, croud fiber, ash g/day, and metabolic energy MJ/kg dry matter () showed no significant differences in leptin gene variation. The results also showed that genetic stress Leptin gene had no effect on organic dry matter consumption (g/day), crude protein consumption (g/day), ash consumption (g/day), fat extract consumption (g/day), crude fiber consumption (g/day), or the amount of soluble carbohydrates and metabolite energy (MJ/kg dry matter) consumed.
Impact of Glycetin Injection on Productive Traits in local Iraqi Chickens
Authors: Al-Mousawi Noha A. , Al-Hayani Waleed Kh. , Alate Yousif M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of implementing Glycetin by injection on the productive features of local Iraqi chickens. 100 female hens and 20 roosters from a local Iraqi chicken population, at age 26 weeks. The sample was divided into three groups, in addition to a control group. Each experimental group had 25 female hens, with the same procedure being performed for each individual hen, and 20 roosters, which were reared separately for the purpose of artificial insemination. The avian specimens were housed in separate enclosures, and the experimental conditions were allocated as follows: the initial condition (Control Group) did not receive any injections, whereas conditions T2, T3, and T4 were administered with varying doses of Glycetin at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, respectively. The results showed improve significant (P<0.05) many aspects such as egg production rate, cumulative egg count, egg mass, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio.
Effect of Different Levels of Aflatoxin B1 in Concentrated Livestock Diets on Some Characteristics of Rumen Fluid in Laboratory with Sodium Bentonite
Authors: Al-Taie Mohammed Yahya , Alsamaraee Wafaa Hameed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the nutrition laboratory of the Department of Animal Production in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya. The experiment lasted for 90 days to investigate the effects of adding sodium bentonite (SB) to a concentrated diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on some characteristics of rumen fluid in a laboratory setting. Four diets were prepared, each contaminated with different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (0, 20, 40, 60 ppb), and four different percentages of sodium bentonite (0, 3, 5, 7%) were added to each ration. The results showed a significant increase in pH values among the different treatments, with the diet contaminated with 40 ppb aflatoxin B1 (T3) recording the highest acidity compared to the control treatment at 0% concentration. However, there were no significant differences in pH rates between the treatments. The pH rates of 7% sodium bentonite addition did not differ significantly from 5% and 0%, while 3% had the lowest pH rate. Regarding volatile fatty acids (VFA), there was a significant increase in their percentage with the increase in sodium bentonite concentrations. The second treatment contaminated with 20 ppb aflatoxin B1 recorded the highest VFA percentage among the treatments, while the fourth treatment (T4) at 0% concentration recorded the lowest VFA percentage. Significant differences in VFA percentages were observed among all the treatments, with the highest VFA percentage in T2, followed by T3 and T1, while T4 recorded the lowest percentage. The analysis of ammonia nitrogen values showed a significant increase among the different treatments, with T2 recording the highest value among the treatments, and T4 at 0% concentration recording the lowest ammonia nitrogen value. Significant differences in the average percentage of ammonia nitrogen were observed among all the experimental treatments, with the highest value in T2, followed by T1 and T3, while T4 recorded the lowest percentage. The total number of microorganisms showed a significant increase with the increase in sodium bentonite concentrations, with T2 at 7% concentration having the highest number of microorganisms, while T4 at 0% concentration recorded the lowest number. Significant differences in the average total number of microorganisms were observed among all the experimental treatments, with T2 having the highest number, followed by T1 and T3, while T4 had the lowest number.
Effect of Adding Taurine on Gene Expression of GPX1 and ACACA Genes of Broiler Chickens Raised at Different Temperatures
Authors: Al-Qaisy Noor Emad Abd , Saed Zaed J. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in animal production farm in Collage Agriculture - University of Anbar during 7/8 – 17/9/2022 during summer and 25/2–7/4/2023 in winter to study the effect of addition different levels of taurine to diet in gene expression of GPX1 and ACACA genes of broiler chickens (Ross 308) raised at different temperatures during the summer and winter seasons. 180 one day unsexed hatched chicks will distributed into five treatments with three replicates for each treatment, as the following T1, control treatment, T2 adding 300 mg of vitamin C per kg diet during summer and 300 mg of vitamin D in winter, T3, T4 and T5 adding 300,600 and 900 mg of taurine per kg diet respectively. The results of the statistical analysis of the two experiments showed significant effect (P≤0.01) of the addition treatments on gene expression values of the ACACA gene, as the treatments T3-T5 recorded the lowest values of gene expression during the summer and winter seasons compared to the t1 treatment. As for the gene expression of the GPX1 enzyme, the treatment T5 and T2 recorded the lowest values of gene expression during the summer and winter seasons, respectively.
Effect of Adding Garlic Powder and Local Red Sumac to Quail Diets on Productive Performance and some Blood Biochemical Characteristics During the Growth Stage in Cages
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed A. , Hussein Saad M. , Shaker Ahmed S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of adding garlic powder and red sumac to the nutritional requirements (0.00, 3% sumac, 3% garlic, and 3% sumac + 3% garlic) on the growth performance of quail. The study was conducted in the animal production fields of the College of Agriculture at Kirkuk University from the period 10/3/2022 to 21/4/2022. Ninety-six quail chicks were randomly distributed into four nutritional treatments: (standard diet without any additions), (standard diet + 3% sumac), (standard diet + 3% garlic), and (standard diet + 3% sumac and 3% garlic). Each treatment contained four replicates, and six chicks were used for each replicate in cages. At the end of the experiment (42 days), from each replicate male and female were slaughtered and blood was collected for the biochemical test. The result of the study showed a significant effect of treatment four compared to the control treatment in feed consumption, weight gain, and food conversion factor until 35 days of age. Whereas, at the age of 42 days there were no significant effects between the experimental treatments in feed consumption, weight gain, and food conversion factor. On the other hand, the blood biochemical characteristics showed no differences between the experimental treatments in Glucose (mmol/L), Total protein (g/dl), Triglyceride (mmol/L), AST (IU/L), and ALT (IU/L). In contrast, treatment four showed a significant effect on the Cholesterol (mg/dl) compared to the control treatment, while there were no differences compared to the other treatments.
Effect of Zeolite, Poultry Manure and Mineral Fertilizers in Availability of NPK in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Saleh Qays Obaid , Al Bahrani Iman Q. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in one of fields belong to College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad–Station Research (F) in Jadriya. To find out effect of natural zeolite, organic fertilizer (poultry manure) and mineral fertilizers and their interactions on some soil characteristics in “Dounia” cabbage, a field experiment was carried out in fall season 2021. Treatments were replicated three times at factorial design in a RCBD. Factors of study experiment included addition of three levels of natural zeolite (without addition (Z0), 5 μg.ha-1 (Z5), and 10 μg.ha-1 (Z10), while poultry manure was added with three levels; without addition (O0), 5 μg.ha-1 (O5), and 10 μg.ha-1 (O10), As for mineral fertilizer treatments, they were added in three levels (50%, 75%, and 100% of complete fertilizer recommendation), which were 100 kg H-1 N, 150 kg H-1 P, and 150 kg H-1 K, which are denoted by symbols M50, M75, and M100, respectively. The experimental results showed that natural zeolite at 10 μg.ha-1 (Z10) significantly increased in in N, P, and K in soil after plant harvesting crop, which amounted to 42.72 mg N kg-1 soil, 20.23 mg P kg-1 soil, and 201.05 mg K kg-1 soil, respectively. Results also shows that poultry manure at 10 μg.ha-1 (O10) superiority of control treatment and gave highest N, P, and K in soil after plant harvesting, which amounted to 44.77 mg N kg-1 soil, 21.66 mg P kg-1 soil, and 207.38 mg K kg-1 soil, respectively. As for addition of mineral fertilizers, addition at 100% of complete fertilizer recommendation (M100) superiority of M50 and gave highest N, P, and K in soil after plant harvesting, which amounted to 38.96 mg N kg-1 soil, 18.88 mg P kg-1 soil, and 191.57 mg K kg-1 soil, respectively. Twice and triple interactions between the study factors significantly affected in availability of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium.
Role of Clay Minerals on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Different Region of Iraq
Authors: Mahdee Hanan Salah , Ati Alaa Salih , Rahim Bayan Rashid 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aims to found out the effect of exchangeable sodium percentage and salinity on saturated hydraulic conductivity, from the effect of swelling and dispersion process on aggregates of soil. Eleven pedons were selected for this study; two pedons were selected from Salah Al-Deen governate, while in Baghdad governate pedons were four, three pedons from Wasit governate and two pedons from Basra governate. Measured some chemical, physical and mineralogical properties on these samples were taken from the surface and subsurface horizons of each pedon. The results showed that the clay has effect on physiochemical process, especially with high content of ESP, which effecting negative in soil properties (bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity). Whereas, the highest value of bulk density (1.47 – 1.66 Mg.m-3) which caused decreased in Ksat
(1.22-2.03 cm.h-1) for P3, P4, P5, P7, P11, P8C1, P10C1, where showed high interaction between ESP and clay in case montmorillonite domance. The domance of chlorite mineral in P8AP, P9AP, P9C1 caused to increase Ksat
value (4.02–5.90 cm.h-1) while the bulk density was decreased (1.33–1.38 Mg.m-3). Decreasing of ESP (9.19-12.04 %) and domance of chlorite and mica mineral in P6C1, P10AP, caused to increase Ksat
value (8.17-10.90 cm.h-1).
Effect of Foliar Application with Sulfur Element and Amino Acid Selenocysteine on Maize (Zea mays L.) Exposed to Stress with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Mohamed Shams El Din , Mohamed Hussein A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the fall season (2022) in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Diyala in order to demonstrate the effect of foliar Application with sulfur element and the amino acid Selenocysteine on maize (Zea mays.L) subjected to hydrogen peroxide stress and its effect on plant height, leaf area, proline and catalase enzyme, the experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), a regular global experiment with three replications, and the experimental parameters included the following: Three levels of spraying acid with hydrogen peroxide (0, 5, 10) mg. L-1 and three levels of spraying with the amino acid Selenocysteine (0, 50, 100) mg.L-1, two concentrations of liquid sulfur Zolfast (0, 2.5) g. L-1 and H2O2 was sprayed first, then the two experimental factors were sprayed later. The yellow corn crop was cultivated and the results showed that the values of plant height, leaf area, rollin and catalyse enzyme have increased with significant differences with increasing levels of sulfur spraying (S), and these values increased significantly with increasing spray concentrations of amino acid (Sec), while the studied characteristics decreased when spraying with hydrogen peroxide at a high concentration (H10), and the bilateral interference between the study factors gave a significant increase in the studied characteristics, The triple interference between the three study factors (H2O2 + Sec + S) showed that it treated hydrogen peroxide damage through an increase in all studied characteristics when spraying the plant with homocysteine and sulfur (H10, Sec100, S2.5) and a decrease in the characteristis when not sprayed (H10, Sec0, S0).
Optimization of Ceramic Filter for Greywater Treatment by using Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland
Authors: Aylan Rana A. , Al-Abbawy Dunya A.H. , Yaseen Dina A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Wetland technology is an effective and sustainable treatment process that relies on a combination of components. Media components, which vary based on the material used, play an important role in this technology. Ceramic-based filters are a natural and versatile water filtration method that can be used in combination with wetland systems to create a simple, low-cost, and efficient wastewater treatment technology. The aim of this study was to assess the performance and efficiency of two experimental scale horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCW) as a secondary stage for the treatment of household greywater. This was achieved by examining the untreated and treated greywater characteristics; evaluating the effectiveness of planted wetlands with ceramic addition in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nutrients, total suspended solids (TSS), and coliforms from the greywater; and monitoring the adaptation and growth of Bacopa monnieri L. in the treatment systems. The results showed that both treatment systems significantly improved all the greywater characteristics. The use of ceramic, gravel, and plants in wetlands enhanced the removal efficiency of Mg+2, TDS, and total hardness (TH). A higher treatment efficiency was observed in the ceramic-gravel bed than in the gravel bed.
The Role of Biochar and Perlite in Improving some Chemical Properties of Clay Loam Soil and Sandy Loam Soil
Authors: Faleh Shaima Tariq , Fahmi Alaa Hasan , Abood Mohammed Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A laboratory experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources / College of Agriculture - the University of Diyala, where the experimental factors were the soil type factor (clay loam and sandy loam) and the soil conditioners agent by adding biochar at the level of 1 and 2% and symbolized by B1 and B2 and perlite at the level of 1 and 2% and symbol It has P1 and P2, and it was added according to the soil dry weight, with three replications, CRD design, and plastic tubes were used to incubate the treatments for 14 weeks. The results showed an increase in the electrical conductivity in the two soils when using the two percentages of biochar in the two soils, while the electrical conductivity values decreased with the use of the two percentages of perlite in the two soils. Less, and the two biochar treatments increased the organic matter values in the two soils, while the organic matter values decreased in the two soils when using the two percentages of perlite. The values of nitrogen extracted from the soil, as well as the case with the use of two percentages of perlite in the two soils. Higher with the use of two percentages of biochar in the two soils.
Sustainability of Agricultural Productivity and Water Requirement of Sorghum Crop Under Deficient Irrigation
Authors: Ibrahim Wallada Muammer , Ati Alaa Salih , Majeesd Shatha Salim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya (Station F), to study the effect of deficit irrigation on the water requirement of Sorghum bicolor L, using surface drip irrigation system, during the spring season 2022 in a clay loam soil, using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment included 6 irrigation treatments levels: complete irrigation treatment, 100% irrigation, (at 50% of the available water depleted), and compensated by the American evaporation basin index, Class A, and deficit irrigation applying 80, 70, 60, 50, and 40% of the 1st complete irrigation. Deficit irrigation applied at (vegetative growth, flowering and grains maturity stages for Sorghum crop. Sorghum seeds were sown on 13. Mar 2022 and harvested on 15. Jul 2022. The results indicated that water requirement for sorghum, it’s the highest value in the full irrigation treatment was 487.25 mm season-1, then it decreased to 413.87, 377.19, 340.50, 303.81, and 267.12 mm season-1 for above treatments respectively.
Effect of Zeolite and Silica Gel in Regulating the Water Requirement of Cabbage and Their Effect on some Physical Properties of the Soil
Authors: Alwan Youssif Alaa Hussein , Abbood Mohammed Ali , Mohammed Hussein Abbas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, which is 66 km east of city of Baghdad during the fall agricultural season for the year 2021. It is located at latitude 10.679" 33° 41′ north, longitude 36.569" 35′ 43° east and at an altitude of 43 m. Above sea level. The study aimed at the effect of zeolite and silica gel in regulating the water requirement of the cabbage and some physical soil characteristics and the growth and yield of the cabbage. The experiment was designed according to the distribution of split-split boards in a completely randomized block system (R C B D) with three replications. The experiment included three factors, The first to occupy the main panels is zeolite ((Z) with three levels (without adding zeolite Z0, adding 25 g to each plant Z1, adding 50 g to each plant Z2), and the second agent is silica gel (S) with three levels (without adding silica S0, adding 10 g For each plant S1, add 20 gm of the plant S2), and the third factor is the water requirement of the plant in two levels (adding the full amount of 100% of the water requirement for the plant W1, adding 50% of the water requirement for the cabbage plant W2). The dimensions of the experimental unit are 1.5 × 4 m, with an area of (6 square meters) for one experimental unit. The most important results obtained can be summarized as follows: The treatment W1Z2S3 recorded the highest value for the total porosity of the soil and the average weighted diameter and the lowest for the bulk density and soil resistance to penetration, and the values were 57.98%, 1.710 mm, 1.113 μg m-3, 0.900 kg cm-2, respectively, while the treatment W1Z0S0 recorded the highest value for the bulk density, which amounted to 1.380 Mgm-3, as for the soil penetration resistance, it reached its maximum in treatment W2Z0S0 and was 4.166 kg cm-2.