bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental downed woody debris-created microsites enhance tree survival and growth in extreme summer heat
Authors: Swanson Mark E. , Magee Margaret I. , Nelson Andrew S. , Engstrom Rudy , Adams Henry D. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIncreasing temperatures associated with climate change can lead to more challenging conditions for tree seedlings, including greater soil surface temperatures and reduced growing season soil moisture. Downed woody debris (DWD) may provide microsite effects, such as shade, that moderate these conditions for seedlings. However, few studies have conducted fine-scale assessments of the strength of the microsite as a function of distance from DWD or how the microsite effect differs between species or across topographic gradients.MethodsIn this study, conducted in the Palouse region of eastern Washington State, we placed three large pieces of DWD (5 m length × 40–50 cm small-end diameter, oriented east–west) on each of three topographic facets (north-facing, flat ridge-top, and south-facing), and planted transects of seedlings of a xerophytic conifer (ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa) and a mesophytic conifer (Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii) on both sides of the DWD at fixed distances (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.5 m). The 1.5 m distance was assumed to serve as a control, with no measurable influence from DWD. Seedling responses (stress rating, survival, basal diameter and height growth, and dark-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence) over two growing seasons were used to interpret the influence of DWD on seedling health and survival, especially during stressful episodes of extreme heat, such as occurred during July 2021, the first growing season of the experiment. Soil surface temperature and soil volumetric water content (10 cm depth) were measured at all seedling locations to understand biophysical contributors to seedling response.ResultsWe found that seedlings of both conifers displayed lower stress ratings, higher survival, and greater height growth close to the north side of DWD, with this effect especially pronounced on the flat ridge-top and the south-facing slope. Soil surface temperature decreased greatly in the “shade zone” at 0.0 m and 0.25 m distances on the north side of DWD, and soil volumetric water content declined more quickly outside of the shaded microsite.DiscussionThese findings suggest that creating or retaining DWD on stressful sites may prove an important climate adaptive management strategy in ecosystem restoration or forest management, especially if extreme heat events continue to increase in frequency.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of refractory or recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in Taiwan: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Lan Kai-Yen , Le Puo-Hsien , Chiu Cheng-Tang , Chen Chien-Chang , Yeh Yuan-Ming , Cheng Hao-Tsai , Kuo Chia-Jung , Chen Chyi-Liang , Chen Yi-Ching , Yeh Pai-Jui , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Chang Chee-Jen 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundCompared to antibiotic treatment, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a more effective treatment for refractory or recurrent CDI (rCDI). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher incidence of CDI and worse outcomes. There has been no study from Asia to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of FMT for overall rCDI patients and rCDI patients with IBD.MethodsWe applied a Markov model with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of different treatments for rCDI patients with a time horizon of 1 year from the payer's perspective. We compared the cost and clinical outcomes of FMT through colonoscopy to two antibiotics (vancomycin and fidaxomicin) using data from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.ResultsCompared to vancomycin, FMT was cost-effective in overall rCDI patients as well as IBD patients with rCDI [USD 39356 (NT$1,101,971.98)/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained in overall patients; USD65490 (NT$1,833,719.14)/QALY gained in IBD patients]. Compared to fidaxomicin, FMT was only cost-effective in overall rCDI patients [USD20255 (NT$567,133.45)/QALY gained] but slightly increased QALY (0.0018 QALY gained) in IBD patients with rCDI.ConclusionFMT is cost-effective, compared to vancomycin or fidaxomicin, for the treatment of rCDI in most scenarios from the payers' perspective in Taiwan.
Effects of potentilla discolor bunge extracts on oxidative stress and glycolipid metabolism in animal models of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yunjiao , Deng Wen , Wu Yue , Zi Changyan , Chen Qiu 
Published: October 2023

Background/aim: Potentilla discolor Bunge (PDB) is an ancient herb of traditional Chinese medicine. Studies have suggested that extracts of PDB may ameliorate diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of PDB extracts on glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in animal models of diabetes and to provide evidence-based references for the use of PDB extracts.Methods: This study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies were searched from eight databases until January 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using StataSE 15.0 and RevMan 5.3. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using the random-effects model. SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias.Results: In total, 32 studies with 574 animals were included. The findings demonstrated that PDB extracts considerably lowered fasting blood glucose (SMD: −3.56, 95%CI: −4.40 to −2.72, p &lt; 0.00001); insulin resistance (SMD: −3.19, 95% CI: −5.46 to −0.92, p = 0.006), total cholesterol (SMD: −2.18, 95%CI: −2.89 to −1.46, p &lt; 0.00001), triglyceride (SMD: −1.48, 95% CI: −2.01 to −0.96, p &lt; 0.00001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: −1.80, 95% CI: −2.58 to −1.02], p &lt; 0.00001), malondialdehyde (SMD: −3.46, 95% CI: −4.64 to −2.29, p &lt; 0.00001) and free fatty acid levels (SMD: −3.25, 95%CI: −5.33 to −1.16, p = 0.002), meanwhile, increased insulin sensitivity index (SMD: 2.51 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.92, p = 0.0005), body weight (SMD:1.20, 95% CI: 0.38 to 2.01, p = 0.004), and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.69, p = 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SMD:2.63, 95% CI: 1.53 to 3.73, p &lt; 0.00001), glutathione peroxidase (SMD:1.13, 95%CI: 0.42 to1.83, p = 0.002), and catalase (SMD:0.75, 95% CI: 0.11 to 1.40], p = 0.02).Conclusion: These findings suggest that PDB extracts can ameliorate DM by improving glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress. PDB may be a promising medication for DM; however, due to significant heterogeneity between studies, these findings should be interpreted with caution. In addition, future well-designed trials should determine which components of the PDB play a major role in ameliorating DM and whether these benefits persist in humans.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, CRD42023379391
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian version of the current relationship interview
Authors: Velotti Patrizia , Rogier Guyonne , Castellano Rosetta , Glielmo Eleonora , Alajmo Valentina , Zavattini Giulio Cesare 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe study of romantic relationships is based on attachment theory and the Current Relationship Interview (CRI) is a powerful tool that allows the optimal investigation of attachment representations toward romantic partners. However, evidence in this field is still unsatisfactory and further research is needed. This study aims to examine the associations between the adult attachment to partner, the style of conflict resolution, and dyadic adjustment.MethodsWe administrated the Italian version of the CRI, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory questionnaire - Section II (ROCI II) – to a sample of 100 heterosexual couples.ResultsIndividuals with preoccupied attachment reported lower levels of dyadic adjustment and men, but not women, with preoccupied attachment reported lower levels of dyadic cohesion. Levels of dyadic adjustment reported by women/men did not vary according to their attachment types. Levels of dyadic adjustment reported by couples and by women did not vary according to the matching status of attachment types between partners. However, men in romantic relationship characterized by a mismatch between attachment types reported higher levels of consensus compared to their counterparts.ConclusionThe Italian version of the CRI proves an useful tool to investigate processes underlying romantic relationships. The role of current attachment in these processes appears to be highly complex and its investigation might be impacted by methodological issues, calling for additional studies.
Association between use of different long-term care services and risks of mental disorder and mortality as well as medical utilization
Authors: Tseng Pei-Ying , Wu Chia-Ling , Chen Jen-De , Ma Kai-Jie , Yao Chi-Yu , Wang Jong-Yi 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThis study sought to investigate mental disorder and mortality risks and medical utilization among various long-term care (LTC) services and examine the associated factors.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of the entire population of Taiwan recorded between 2006 and 2017. A total of 41,407 patients using LTC (study group) were identified and propensity score–matched with 41,407 LTC nonusers (control group) at a ratio of 1:1 according to sex, age, salary-based premium, comorbidity index score, and urbanization level. Patients were divided into four groups according to LTC service type. The age distribution was as follows: 50–60 years (10.47%), 61–70 years (14.48%), 71–80 years (35.59%), and 81 years and older (39.45%). The mean age was 70.18 years and 53.57% of female participants were included. The major statistical methods were the Cox proportional hazards model and the general linear model (GLM).ResultsUsers of both institutional and inhome LTC services had the highest risk of mental disorder [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.2]. The mean mortality rate in LTC nonusers was 46.2%, whereas that in LTC users was 90.4%, with the highest found among the users of both institutional and inhome LTC (90.6%). The institutional LTC users had the shortest survival time (4.1 years). According to the adjusted Cox model analysis, the odds of mortality was significantly higher among institutional LTC users than among inhome LTC users (aHR = 1.02). After the adjustment of covariates, adjusted GLM model results revealed that the annual medical expenditure per capita of LTC nonusers was NT$46,551, which was 1.6 times higher that of LTC users.ConclusionUsers of both institutional and inhome LTC services have higher risk of mental disorder, shorter survival time, and lower medical utilization.
The Changes of Phyllosphere Fungal Communities among Three Different Populus spp.
Authors: Sun Zhuo , Zhang Weixi , Liu Yuting , Ding Changjun , Zhu Wenxu 
Published: October 2023

As an ecological index for plants, the diversity and structure of phyllosphere microbial communities play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem stability and balance; they can affect plant biogeography and ecosystem function by influencing host fitness and function. The phyllosphere microbial communities reflect the immigration, survival, and growth of microbial colonists, which are influenced by various environmental factors and leaves’ physical and chemical properties. This study investigated the structure and diversity of phyllosphere fungal communities in three different Populus spp., namely—P. × euramaricana (BF3), P. nigra (N46), and P. alba × P. glandulosa (84K). Leaves’ chemical properties were also analyzed to identify the dominant factors affecting the phyllosphere fungal communities. N46 exhibited the highest contents of total nitrogen (Nt), total phosphorus (Pt), soluble sugar, and starch. Additionally, there were significant variations in the abundance, diversity, and composition of phyllosphere fungal communities among the three species: N46 had the highest Chao1 index and observed_species, while 84K had the highest Pielou_e index and Simpson index. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the dominant fungal communities at the phylum level. Results from typical correlation analyses indicate that the chemical properties of leaves, especially total phosphorus (Pt), total nitrogen (Nt), and starch content, significantly impact the structure and diversity of the phyllosphere microbial community. However, it is worth noting that even under the same stand conditions, plants from different species have distinct leaf characteristics, proving that the identity of the host species is the critical factor affecting the structure of the phyllosphere fungal community.
التّناصُّ اللُّغَوِيُّ في الصّورَةِ الْفَنِّيَّةِ بَيْنَ رِسالةِ أَبي عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّغيرِ وَبُردَةِ الْإمامِ البوصيريِّ: دراسة في الصّور والتّراكيب
Authors: Al-Rababiah Haroon M. B. 
Published: October 2023

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الصّور الفنّيّة التي وردت في القصيدة الميميّة الطّويلة التي استهلَّ بها أبو عبد الله الصغير آخر حُكّام الأندلس رسالتَه المُوجّهة إلى سلطان فاس، من خلال تحرّي مواطن التّشابه بين هذه الصّور ونظائرها من الصور الفنّيّة في قصيدة البردة في مدح النّبيّ -صلّى الله عليه وسلّم- للإمام البوصيري، في محاولةِ بيان أثرٍ جديد من آثار البردة في الأدب العربيّ، وبيان العلاقة التبادلية بين أثر الصورة في تماسك النص، وأثر السياق في إظهار الصورة، فضلًا عن استجلاء الصورة المنقولة وملاحظةِ مدى انسجامها مع سياقها اللغوي في نصّها الجديد، ومقارنتِها بالنصِّ الأصيل الذي نُقِلَتْ منه.
المنهجيّة: سلك الباحث المنهج الاستقرائيّ والمنهج المقارن التّحليليّ، وانتظم البحث في ثلاثة مباحث: الأوّل للتّعريف بالتّناصّ وبرسالة أبي عبد الله الصّغير، وتناول المبحث الثّاني تناصّ الصّورة الفنّيّة ودلالاتها عند العقيليّ (كاتب أبي عبد الله الصّغير، وناظم القصيدة) واختصّ المبحث الأخير بدراسة الأساليب والتّراكيب الّتي سلكها في تناصّه مع البردة.
النتائج: أظهرت الدّراسة أنّ رسالة أبي عبد الله الصغير اتّكأت بشكل أساسيّ على قصيدة البردة، ولا بدّ من ملاحظة هذا التأثر في سبيل الفهم الصّحيح للرسالة، وانتهت إلى أنَّ هذا العمل الأدبيّ الجديد، لم يكن متّسمًا بالإبداع والتّجديد، بل جاء متّشحًا بالجمود والتّقليد، مليئًا بالضّرورات الشّعرية.
التّوصيات: أوّلًا: إفراد قصيدة البردة بمساق مستقل يدرَّس في أقسام اللغة العربيّة؛ لأنها مكتبة لغوية متكاملة بما دار حولها من بحوث ودراسات وشروح وإعرابات وترجمات ومعارضات وأعمال أدبية متنوّعة وغيرها. ثانيًا: إعادة تحقيق رسالة أبي عبد الله الصّغير، والاهتمام بضبط ألفاظها، وبيان الغريب من معانيها.
Revisiting the Veil Ban during the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Shift in the Social Context
Authors: Ballout Shaimaa 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study aims to re-evaluate the veil ban in a new era. For many years, the prevailing belief was that covering the face obstructed successful communication between society members, thus eliminating cohesion, provoking peace, and endangering public security. However, when masks covered faces during the Covid-19 crisis, this belief became questionable, leading societies to renegotiate face politics and other social concepts.
Methods: The study analyzed social and media contexts to discuss how societies coped with face masks, even applauding individuals for covering their faces, while laws still rejected veiled Muslim women.
Results: The preliminary results of the study indicate that social structures exhibited high flexibility and adaptation to changes imposed by Covid 19; people managed to reshape rules of social interaction.
Conclusions: Surprisingly, the epidemic improved the social experience for Muslim women wearing a veil. The study also carried a practical advantage; it offered a new perspective on Muslim women's social future in the post-Covid-19 world
Proposing a Preventive Social Work Program to Raise Awareness of Family Cohesion for Saudi Pre-Marital Girls
Authors: ALLaboon Jmeelah , Ahmed Randa Mohamed Sayed 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The current study aims to determine the girls' awareness level before marriage to the concept of family cohesion. It seeks to develop a proactive program for pre-marital girls, rehabilitate them, raise their awareness of the demands of marriage, and identify the girl's view of the choice of partner, planning marriage and the duties of both parties. To learn about the role of preventive social work and its relation to programs for the rehabilitation of marriage and achieve the purpose of family cohesion despite the circumstances and obstacles. In order to design a program and determine its content, the means of submission, and the time.
Methods: This study adopts a descriptive approach to measure the awareness level for pre-marital girls regarding the concept of family cohesion. The study sample consists of 313 pre-marital students of Princess Nora University at the seventh and eighth academic levels. Data collection entails the utilization of a meticulously designed questionnaire.
Results: The results of the study affirm that pre-marital Saudi girl had awareness level of the family cohesion, with the social dimension has come in the first level. Additionally, there is no significant differences between marital and pre-marital Saudi girls' awareness of the family cohesion. Finally, the study recommends that the most prominent proposed preventive programs that pre-marital girls need to enhance family cohesion is programs related to marital relations.
Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of developing a preventive program to enhance young women's comprehension of family cohesion dynamics in the context of marriage.
The Distinctive Psychological Features of Swimmers in Jordan and its Relation to the Achievement Motivation
Authors: Al-Zghoul Ibrahim , Al Dababseh Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study assesses the distinctive psychological features of swimmers in Jordan. It also assesses the relationship between the distinctive psychological features and the achievement motivation and whether there is a difference in these psychological features according to gender, age, and the swimmers’ classification variables.
Methods: The researchers used the descriptive method. The sample consisted of 150 swimmers (100 males and 50 females) who were listed in the Jordanian swimming federation records for 2019. They were chosen randomly. To collect data, a questionnaire was designed to measure the psychological features of swimmers which consisted of (25) items distributed into (5) fields. Another questionnaire was designed to assess achievement motivation and consisted of (18) items. Descriptive statistics were generated and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the data.
Results: The means of distinctive psychological features of swimmers in Jordan were high. There is a positive relationship between all the psychological features and the achievement motivation. Males have significantly higher mean values in self–control feature than females. Females have significantly higher mean values in the perseverance and wellness than males. The 14 years and younger swimmers have higher mean values in braveness and boldness compared to other age groups. Finally, swimmers play at club level have higher mean values in the self-control and perseverance and the wellness than other groups.
Conclusions: There is a need for swimming coaches to pay attention to developing the psychological characteristics of swimmers because of their positive input on motivation and thus improving the achievement of swimmers.
The Perspectives of the Academic Staff and Students of the American University of Madaba (AUM) on Cyber-Truancy during Covid-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Madanat Hanan , Tarawneh Majid 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This paper examines the perspectives of academic staff and students at the American University of Madaba (AUM) on cyber-truancy during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing challenges and proposing solutions to enhance student engagement in online learning.
Methods: Case-study methodology requires detailed investigation of a situation. To attain the required information, two methods of data collection were utilized, namely, a structured (Likert scale) questionnaire and an interview distributed to a representative sample of AUM’s academic staff and students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS.
Results: The study found the following results. First, all respondents show a high level of awareness of the cyber-truancy. Second, technological and behavioral factors contribute to increasing truancy rates among students. Third, the novelty of the experience as well as enforcing strict policies are crucial challenges that hinder online learning.
Conclusions: The paper concludes with suggested solutions, which include enforcing strict policies to curb cyber-truancy, enhancing parental control, and spreading awareness among students regarding the detrimental effects of cyber-truancy.
أثر جائحة كورونا في التصميم الداخلي للمساكن: منطقة غرب عمان نموذجًا
Authors: Ibrahim Amal I. 
Published: October 2023

الاهداف: تهدف الدراسة إلى تعرُّف أثر جائحة كورونا في التصميم الداخلي لمساكن منطقة غرب عمان، ودرجة تأثير بقاء سكان غرب عمان في الحجر الصحي لفترات زمنية طويلة قي التصميم الداخلي لمساكنهم أو جزء منها، ليتناسب المسكن مع تداعيات جائحة كورونا، نظرًا إلى الظروف التي فرضها الحجر المنزلي على مساكن منطقة غرب عمان.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج المسحي الوصفي التحليلي. وطبقت على عينة الدراسة أداتا الاستبيان والمقابلة لتعرُّف أسباب استحداث تجديدات على المساكن كتداعيات لجائحة كورونا.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة الكثير من المفاهيم الجديدة في مجال التصميم الداخلي الذي أعطى للفراغ والشكل والوظيفة معنى جديدا، لتتفاعل الفراغات على نحو مبتكر وسهل الاستخدام مع المساكن وسكانها. وكذلك فقد أظهرت نتائج الاستبيان أن درجة تأثير جائحة كورونا في التصميم الداخلي في مساكن منطقة غرب عمان كانت بدرجة متوسطة، فتزايد الطلب على الوحدات السكنية، وبالتالي زيادة المتطلبات السكانية؛ مما يستدعي توفر المرونة في عملية التصميم الداخلي من الناحية التنظيمية، وأظهرت نتائج المقابلة أن كثيرًا من سكان منطقة غرب عمان أحدثوا تغييرات في التصميم الداخلي في مساكنهم، التي من أهم أسبابها محاولة توسيع الفراغ الداخلي للمسكن لتلبية متطلبات أفراده، أو محاولة تحقيق الخصوصية والبعد عن المتطفلين، كتدابير احترازية، وتوفير الحماية الشخصية، وخصوصًا في فترة الحجر المنزلي الذي كان له تأثير واضح في نفسية أفراد المسكن وخصوصًا المصابين بكوفيد -19 المستجد.
التوصيات: بناء على نتائج الدراسة السابقة يوصى بمحاولة تبني الأفكار والأساليب المعمارية الحديثة، وإدخالها في لغة حضارية جديدة تتناسب مع العصر ومستجداته لتلبية متطلبات الأفراد