bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few protest leaders have burst upon the American political scene more dramatically than did Mario Savio in fall 1964 when he was a twenty-one-year-old Berkeley student. The University of California (UC) had become the scene of nonviolent political warfare, with the administration enforcing and students defying a campus ban on political advocacy that closed down the free speech area at UC’s busy southern entrance. Coming at a time when student civil rights activism was surging, the ban seemed an attack on the civil rights movement and a gross violation of the right to free speech, igniting protests in mid- and late September. This conflict escalated just before noon on October 1 as police drove a squad car to UC Berkeley’s central thoroughfare, Sproul Plaza, to arrest civil rights organizer Jack Weinberg because he, like many free speech activists, was defying the ban by staffing a political advocacy table on the plaza. Before the police could complete the arrest, someone shouted,”Sit down!” Within moments a crowd of students surrounded the car in a nonviolent blockade that would last thirty-two hours. Shortly after the blockade began, Mario Savio, a leader of the civil rights group University Friends of SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee), removing his shoes so as not to damage the police car, climbed on top of it and into national headlines, using its roof as a podium to explain the protest and demand freedom of speech. From those first moments atop that car Savio emerged as the Berkeley rebellion’s key spokesperson, symbolizing all that was daring, militant, and new about the Free Speech Movement (FSM).
The Police Car Blockade
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aware that the free speech protests were about to escalate, the administration pre- pared for a confrontation on October 1. Kerr, Strong, and other top administrators met on the evening of the September 30 sit-in to discuss strategy and, referring to protest leaders, agreed that they should “pick off one at a time.” While peeling away support for the movement, they considered it “important to get the opposition to a minimum as we build up the friends from students and faculty.” To avoid alienating supporters in the academic community the administration decided to focus its repressive arm initially on those who were not official members of that community. The decision was “to avoid police action—except non-students. Right now have the police remove non-students” who violate the free speech ban.
Introduction
Authors: Hansen Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early one morning, on the southern coast of Everglades National Park, Ranger Jan Kirwan backed her Boston Whaler away from the dock and swung the bow toward the marina access canal. I busied myself in the stern sorting water quality test equipment. Over the next four hours, we would be collecting and testing water samples taken from sites throughout the southern end of Everglades National Park. The half light of dawn hung over the Flamingo Marina. I could just make out the mangrove trees behind the maintenance shops and gas pumps as they receded behind us. It was not until we rounded the small peninsula that marked the entrance to the larger Buttonwood Canal that I saw the bobcat sitting onshore.
Bobcat Basics
Authors: Hansen Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Billy the bobcat and Conner the rottweiler are playfully wrestling in Dawn Simas’ backyard. The cat and dog are best buddies, but the relationship seems in jeopardy when Conner’s jaws clamp too firmly on one of Billy’s rear legs. Billy spins with the remarkable speed and dexterity common to cats, and clamps his jaws on Conner’s testicles. The dog lets out a yelp, releases his hold, and jumps clear of the fray. “That always works,” laughs Dawn as we stand watching the encounter. The sun is setting over the oak trees that surround her home in the foothills of northern California’s Sierra Nevada Mountains. At first glance the 100-pound purebred rottweiler would seem to have the edge over the 35-pound bobcat, but the feline’s speed, reflexes, strength, and aggressiveness more than compensate.
Satiric Attack
Authors: Keane Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While satire in its theatrical mode makes entertaining examples of everyday behavior, the genre has other ways of using its misbehaving targets to gratify readers. Besides parading and exposing vice, satirists may strike back at it metaphorically. The satiric process is often likened to physical aggression. Satirists attack, bite, and lash; their work is scathing, cutting, and piercing. Physical violence is just under the surface in literary satire, but the exact relationship between the two practices requires some untangling to be understood. To this end, two theoretical formulations have been especially influential in modem satire criticism. Elliott’s theoretical history of satire argues that the genre derives from primitive spells and curses that were designed to harm enemies; literary satire is the evolved, refined manifestation of those same impulses.1 Freud’s analysis of jokes posits a more immediate, rather than a historical, connection between humor and harm. The pleasure granted by a “tendentious” joke, Freud argues, stems first from the channeling of aggression into economical wit, and then from the bond formed between teller and audience, which is based on mutual hostility toward the joke’s victim. According to both theories, the impulse to violence is masked and transformed by language and wit. Satire is described figuratively as deferred or muted violence, a product of societies that have learned to disguise raw aggression.
The Quarry: Our Sources for Peter the Rock
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Simon Peter is undoubtedly the best-known disciple of Jesus. But how well known is he, really? We know his name, Simon, and his nickname, allegedly given by Jesus himself, Cephas, which in the first century was not a name at all but a noun meaning “rock.” The modern equivalent would be “Rocky.” This at least was his nickname in Aramaic—the language that both Jesus and Simon spoke. In Greek, the language of the New Testament, the word for rock is petra, whence we get his more commonly known name, Peter. The name Simon Peter, then, literally means “Simon the Rock.” Given Simon’s impetuous and unfailingly fickle character during Jesus’ lifetime, one almost wonders if Jesus was being ironic.
Introduction
Authors: Harrison Lawrence E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I am convinced that the luckiest of geographic circumstances and the best of laws cannot maintain a constitution in despite of mores, whereas the latter can turn even the most unfavorable circumstances and the worst laws to advantage. The importance of mores is a universal truth to which study and experience continually bring us back. I find it occupies the central position in my thoughts: all my ideas come back to it in the end.
Introduction
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From its origins fundamentalism was primarily a religious movement. It was a movement among American “evangelical” Christians, people professing complete confidence in the Bible and preoccupied with the message of God’s salvation of sinners through the death of Jesus Christ. Evangelicals were convinced that sincere acceptance of this “Gospel” message was the key to virtue in this life and to eternal life in heaven; its rejection meant following the broad path that ended with the tortures of hell.
Tremors of Controversy
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both dispensationalism and holiness teachings developed into significant movements in the context of a troubled culture that had always thought of itself as Christian and was now rapidly becoming secularized. As in every age, evidence of moral decline was readily at hand; in the decades spanning the turn of the century the spectre of teeming cities, the immorality and irresponsibility associated with urban poverty, the disruptiveness of industrialization, and the strangeness of non-Protestant immigrants gave particular credence to suspicion that this might be the end of an era-the Christian era.
Four Views circa 1910
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In retrospect, we can see that the decade preceding America’s entry into the Great War was the end of an era for the American evangelical establishment. Throughout the nineteenth century there had seemed to be reasonable hope for establishing the foundations of something like a “Christian America.” With the knowledge of what has happened since, it is apparent that this ideal was illusory and that the evangelical consensus itself was already irreparably damaged.
World War I, Premillennialism, and American Fundamentalism: 1917-1918
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Between 1917 and the early 1920s American conservative evangelicals under went a dramatic transformation. In 1917 they were still part of the evangelical coalition that had been dominant in America for a century. Some theological conservatives, premillennialists, and revivalists were often warning against the modern tendencies of their liberal, postmillennial, or Social Gospel opponents; but all of these groups operated within the same denominations and interdenominational agencies, and at times still cooperated.
Fundamentalism and the Cultural Crisis: 1919-1920
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An overwhelming atmosphere of crisis gripped America during the immediately postwar period. The year 1919 especially was characterized by a series of real as well as imagined terrors. The disruption caused by massive demobilization and postwar economic adjustments was compounded by a number of acrimonious labor disputes and strikes and by a series of terrorist bombings. There was alarm over rapidly deteriorating moral standards and a deep suspicion of foreign influence.
Epilogue: Dislocation, Relocation, and Resurgence: 1925-1940
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It would be difficult to overestimate the impact of “the Monkey Trial’’ at Dayton, Tennessee, in transforming fundamentalism. William Jennings Bry an’s ill-fated attempt in the summer of 1925 to slay singlehanded the prophets of Baal brought instead an outpouring of derision. The rural setting, so well suited to the stereotypes of the agrarian leader and his religion, stamped the entire movement with an indelible image.
Fundamentalism as a Political Phenomenon
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ever since fundamentalism first appeared on the scene, its opponents had suspected the existence of a sinister political dimension to the movement. In World War I, professors at the Divinity School of the University of Chicago suggested that the premillennialists might be supported by German money. When the war was over and fundamentalist patriotism was no longer in question, there came the more plausible accusation of complicity with business interests.
Isaac Newton
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quarrelsome and quirky, a disheveled recluse who ate little, slept less, and yet had an iron constitution, Isaac Newton rose from a virtually illiterate family to become one of the towering intellects of science. Now, in this fast-paced, colorful biography, Gale E. Christianson paints an engaging portrait of Newton and the times in which he lived. We follow Newton from his childhood in rural England to his student days at Cambridge, where he devoured the works of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo, and taught himself mathematics. There ensued two miraculous years at home in Woolsthorpe Manor, where he fled when plague threatened Cambridge, a remarkably fertile period when Newton formulated his theory of gravity, a new theory of light, and calculus--all by his twenty-fourth birthday. Christianson describes Newton’s creation of the first working model of the reflecting telescope, which brought him to the attention of the Royal Society, and he illuminates the eighteen months of intense labor that resulted in his Principia, arguably the most important scientific work ever published. The book sheds light on Newton’s later life as master of the mint in London, where he managed to convict and hang the arch criminal William Chaloner (a remarkable turn for a once reclusive scholar), and his presidency of the Royal Society, which he turned from a dilettante’s club into an eminent scientific organization. Christianson also explores Newton’s less savory side, including his long, bitter feud with Robert Hooke and the underhanded way that Newton established his priority in the invention of calculus and tarnished Liebniz’s reputation. Newton was an authentic genius with all too human faults. This book captures both sides of this truly extraordinary man. A volume in Oxford’s Lives and Legacies series. Brief, erudite, and inviting, the exciting new Lives and Legacies series offers a fresh look at some of the greatest minds in the humanities and sciences. Written by prominent authors, these engaging volumes will shed light on the life and work of our leading intellectual, artistic, and historical figures.
“My Greater Friend”
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thomas Fuller, A Seventeenth-Century Scholar, Described Cambridge’s Trinity College as “the stateliest and most uniform college in Christendom.”1 On the massive exterior of Trinity’s Great Gate is a statue of its founder, the legendary King Henry VIII, whose six wives set a record among English monarchs. It was from this prospect that Isaac Newton first gazed on the institution that would be his home for almost forty years. Before him stood the chapel, the master’s lodge, and the magnificent dining hall, with its beamed ceilings, minstrels’ gallery, and huge portrait of Henry, which took six strong men to carry. Beyond the Tudor Gothic buildings spread “the Backs,” the green expanse bordering the Cam River. To someone of Newton’s unworldly background it must have seemed miraculous and frightening at the same time.
The Revolutionary Professor
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
W1th A Bachelor’S Degree In Hand And His Status As A Gentleman legally recorded, Newton returned to Cambridge and Trinity College to complete his master of arts. He now faced the fellowship elections of September and October 1667. lf successful, he could extend his stay at Trinity indefinitely; if not, he would likely he forced to choose between the life of an obscure gentleman farmer or the pastorship of a village church in rural Lincolnshire.
The Alchemist
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It Was At The Globe Theatre, The London Playhouse Constructed in 1598, that most ofWilliam Shakespeare’s dramas were first performed by a company of actors called Chamberlain’s Men. Among the most memorable scenes played out on the Globe’s stage was one from the tragedy Macbeth. It is set in a cave, where three witches circle a boiling cauldron, chanting: To an audience of Shakespeare’s time, there was nothing unusual about witches or boiling cauldrons or the casting of spells over a vile brew of exotic ingredients. But when it later became known that Isaac Newton, who was born two years before the Globe burned down in 1644, also kept a cauldron stocked with odd ingredients, it was considered to be something of a scandal.
“Your Most Unfortunate Servant”
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Book That Supposedly Nobody Could Understand Was finally published in July 1687. Halley, who had put up his own money to see it through the press, set the price of the leather bound volume at nine shillings, a bargain, considering the riches between its elegant covers. Not satisfied, he offered a second and cheaper version of the work in hopes that more people would read the revolutionary treatise. So awed was the astronomer that he paid its author yet another compliment. He wrote a poem titled “Ode to Newton” and inserted it at the beginning of the Principia. Its final line speaks volumes: “Nearer to the gods no mortal may approach.”
Mark Of The Lion
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In September 1695 ISAAC NEWTON SUDDENLY DISAPPEARED FROM Cambridge without explanation. He returned two weeks later but told no one where he had been. Rumors began to circulate that he secretly had gone to London, and finally secured the government post that his friendjohn Locke had been unable to deliver. These rumors were given substance in late November when the mathematician john Wallis wrote Edmond Halley from Oxford: “We are told here Newton is made Master of the Mint: which, if so, I do congratulate him.”1 Halley, who had kept in touch with Newton, was aware that negotiations were under way, and that Newton’s cause was being championed by his ally Charles Montague, a powerful political figure who had the king’s ear. Halley also knew that Wallis was some what mis informed.Newton was not a candidate for the position of master of the mint but rather that of warden, or second in command. In March 1696, Montague again summoned Newton to London. If all went well, the appointment would he his together with the handsome salary of five or six hundred pounds per year. Without even pausing to draft a reply, Newton hoarded the coach for the capital and his long-awaited audience with King William III.
“LIKE A BOY ON THE SEASHORE”
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John Conduitt, The Son Of A Wealthy Family From The County of Hampshire in southern England, became a familiar face at Leicester House in the summer of 1717. While there is no doubt that the young man was in awe of Sir Isaac Newton, the primary reason for his frequent visits had nothing to do with science, mathematics, or the operations of the mint. Conduitt came to 35 St. Martin’s Street to court Catherine Barton, who at thirty-eight years of age was nine years older than her suitor, hut still very beautiful. Conduitt had served as a captain with the British Army in Spain, where he identified the site of Carteia, a lost city once occupied by the Romans. When word of his discovery reached the Royal Society hack in London, he was invited to read a paper on the subject, which he did upon his return to England three months later. It was there that he first met Newton, who may have invited him to Leicester House for dinner at which Catherine would have presided as hostess.
Assumptions of Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work Regarding Change
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The assumptions, values, and practices of Integrative Social Work practice are influenced by ideas of the yin–yang perspective, philosophical Daoism, and Buddhism. However, Integrative Social Work neither claims to be developed based on nor representative of any one or all three philosophies. In addition, the practice of Integrative Social Work is built upon the accumulated knowledge and experience of mainstream social work practice developed under a humanistic and Judeo-Christian culture. The introduction of Eastern philosophies, however, serves as a balancing force to complement the current developments of social work practice with individuals and families. Zeig and Gilligan (1990) suggested that most clinical practice approaches should have their own theory regarding problem causation, problem maintenance, and mechanisms to bring about beneficial changes in clients. Integrative Social Work practice exemplifies the following views regarding problem formulation, problem maintenance, and client change.
The Power of the Mind: Moving Beyond Cognition and Problem Resolution
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social work practice traditionally recognizes the human mind as a key component that plays a pivotal role in problem formation and influences human behaviors as well as human changes. The interpretation of the human mind, however, is constantly changing and evolving, as facilitated, or constrained, by the values and available knowledge at the time regarding human behaviors and the change process (Donzelot, 1979; Johnson & Sandage, 1999; Lee, M. Y., 1996). Prior to the 1950s, social work practice with individuals was predominantly influenced by psychodynamic theories that originated from the work of Sigmund Freud (1923/1961). Psychoanalytic theory, as developed by Freud, emphasizes a belief in the power of the unconscious mind, biological impulses, and other internal processes of a person to determine behaviors (Freud, 1936). Treatment focuses on assisting individuals to get in touch with their unconscious mind and work through deep-seated intrapsychic struggles through analysis.
Spiritual Growth and Transformation: Expanding Life’s Horizons
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the fact that the social work profession was developed by pioneers who had strong spiritual motivations for services, the social work profession continues to downplay spirituality as an integral part of social work practice. As a profession, social work chose to build its professional base upon scientific and humanistic traditions and divorced from spirituality. However, spirituality is a necessary component of an ordinary, even of a secular, life. Problems like domestic violence, burnout in the workplace, gambling addiction, substance abuse, and so on are related to a sense of inner emptiness, meaninglessness, and the absence of compassion and love in individuals and families. These are more or less spiritual problems. In fact, alcoholism has been described as a futile search for spirituality. In a review by Hodge (Hodge, 2001a), spirituality was found to be a significant variable in recovery from divorce, homelessness, sexual assault, and substance abuse. Studies in a healthcare setting also found that spiritual resources foster meaning and a sense of life affirmation and personal growth in cancer patients at different stages (Gall & Cornblat, 2002; Parry, 2003) and that daily spiritual experiences may mitigate physical, cognitive, and emotional burnout (Holland & Neimeyer, 2005).
Centering the Self: Personal Growth and Transformation
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout life there are challenges and changes created by life transitions, sickness, accidents, loss of loved ones, and other crises. Based on the assumption that life is a process of constant change and evolution, Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work sees therapy as part of this process of searching, discovering, and becoming that the client goes through in his or her life. Believing that problems will come and go, Integrative Body–Mind– Spirit Social Work does not consider problem resolution the ultimate goal of therapy. Rather, it aims to provide a therapeutic context for enhancing the self-healing and self-balancing abilities of individuals and families. Only when the self is well grounded can an individual maintain a sense of peace and personal integrity while facing life’s unfolding challenges. Nurturing and rediscovering the “self” is therefore of paramount importance, not only for restoring the self-healing and rebalancing abilities of individuals but also for ongoing personal growth and becoming. In Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work, nurturing and rediscovering the “self” is more than enhancing self-awareness and self-actualization. It is about achieving and maintaining balance in the self–other dynamics in an individual’s identity (Leung & Chan, 2006b) and connecting to a larger sense of self. This chapter describes an understanding of the “self” based on Eastern traditions and how it shapes the practice of social work.