bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Prophylaxis of Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Huang Ruihao , Chen Ting , Wang Sanbin , Wang Jishi , Su Yi , Liu Jing , Zhang Yanqi , Ma Xiangyu , Wen Qin , Kong Peiyan , Zhang Cheng , Gao Lei , Zhong Jiang F. , Gao Li , Zhang Xi 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceChronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) limits the long-term benefit of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This clinical trial evaluated repeated infusions of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during the early stage (45 days and 100 days) after haplo-HSCT to prevent chronic GVHD.ObjectiveTo determine whether repeated infusions of MSCs during the early stage after haplo-HSCT decreases the incidence of severe chronic GVHD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open-label, multicenter, parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 2016 to January 2022. Eligibility criteria included a diagnosis of acute leukemia and having a haploidentical, suitable related donor for HSCT. The median (range) follow-up time was 39.0 (1.5-67.0) months.InterventionsThe enrolled patients with a haploidentical relative for HSCT received the modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide + antithymocyte globulin modified regimen and standard GVHD prophylaxis. Patients were randomly chosen to receive MSCs (the MSC group) (1 × 106 cells/kg, every 2 weeks, starting from 45 days after transplant, 4 times total) or regular prophylaxis (control group).Main Outcome and MeasureThe cumulative incidence of severe chronic GVHD.ResultsOf 158 patients, 58 (36.7%) were female individuals; the median (range) age for the MSC and control groups was 28 (18-60) years and 28 (18-56) years, respectively. A total of 158 patients were screened, and 148 patients were randomly assigned to the MSC group (n = 74) or control group (n = 74) 1 day before MSCs infusion. The estimated 2-year cumulative incidence of severe chronic GVHD was 5.4% (95% CI, 1.8%-14.0%) in the MSC group and 17.4% (95% CI, 10.1%-28.5%) in the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.88; P = .03). There was no difference between the MSC and control groups in the cumulative incidence of leukemia relapse (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.55-2.47; P = .68). The cumulative incidence of stage II to IV acute GVHD in the MSC group was significantly lower than that in the control group (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.67; P = .01). The MSC group had better GVHD-free and relapse-free survival rates than the control group (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.98; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this randomized clinical trial show that early repeated infusions of MSCs decreased the incidence and severity of chronic GVHD, and the incidence and severity of acute GVHD manifested as a better GVHD-free and relapse-free survival rate for patients after haplo-HSCT.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-IIR-16007806
The Rituals of Pragmatics
Authors: Chen Rong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study of rituals is a strand of research in sociology. Students of pragmatics—the study of language use in context—have discovered that ordinary social interaction, too, can be highly ritualized, leading to the investigation of language use from a ritual‐study perspective. In this entry, I discuss the connection between anthropology and pragmatics with regard to ritual offer, the current state of affairs in this emerging research program in pragmatics, and some observations about the significance, the challenges, and future research directions for those interested in looking at the ritualized use—or simply the rituals—of language in various contexts.
Literacy in Community Settings
Authors: Prinsloo Mastin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A rich direction of research in literacy studies since the 1980s has been around literacy in community settings. The impetus for such work has been the challenges coming from literacy researchers to the notion of literacy as the same thing across all kinds of settings and under all kinds of conditions. A focus on literacy in community settings shows that reading and writing are taken up in different ways for particular purposes by different individuals and groups of people. Literacy, from this perspective, is seen as situated by distinct social practices, and not simply as a skill learned through formal schooling and detached from other social practices. This focus suggests that it is not helpful to think in terms of a single literacy when there is a remarkable diversity in the ways that people read and write for the performance of widely varying personal, social, and economic functions. This entry traces how the focus on community has shifted in recent decades in literacy studies, from a focus on local communities and their particular literacy practices to communities‐of‐interest, where social groupings are not place‐bound, to virtual communities where such communities are formed and maintained through online, media resources, and to “more‐than‐human” communities, where agency is distributed across people and things in literacy activity.
Persistence in Language Learning
Authors: Henry Alastair 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Developing proficiency in another language is a long‐term undertaking. It demands persistence. However, persistence in second language (L2) learning is only beginning to be investigated. This entry offers an account of persistence in L2 learning. It presents a multicomponent framework of L2 persistence and discusses the roles that the different components play in supporting motivation over time. Further, the entry examines the constructs of grit and academic buoyancy and their applications in the investigation of perseverance and resilience in language learning. The entry suggests that knowledge about what keeps students motivated, and, when motivation begins to wane, how commitment can be reinstilled, is of significant importance to the teaching profession.
CLIL as a Pedagogical Approach
Authors: Dalton‐Puffer Christiane 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The term content‐and‐language integrated learning (CLIL) was coined in Europe in the 1990s to label a pedagogical approach where mainstream, school‐level learners study curricular subjects, such as history, sports, or chemistry, through a second language while continuing to attend traditional foreign language classes in that same language. Although foreign language teaching and learning had long had a firm place in European school curricula, it was hoped that CLIL would significantly enhance its effectiveness in terms of motivating a broader range of learners to become effective and confident communicators. Despite significant variation in its implementation, the defining characteristics of CLIL, the dual teaching/learning goals from content and language, remain constant across contexts. Since the “content” originates in a broad range of curricular subjects, all with their own pedagogical traditions, it is impossible to stipulate one unified CLIL pedagogy. A number of firm principles for CLIL pedagogy, however, have been formulated: content and language integration in planning and classroom practice, bi/multilingualism and translanguaging, scaffolding, and keyness of subject literacy. Questions regarding the language learning outcomes of CLIL programs have been answered positively by a first generation of studies, but recent results have been more mixed. Important mediating factors seem to be type of program, learner age, and general proficiency levels in the CLIL language. Interestingly, contexts where outcomes of traditional foreign language classes are widely considered unsatisfactory show clearer positive effects of CLIL. In a similar vein, the jury is still out on content learning outcomes.
Realizing Ultrahigh‐Q Resonances Through Harnessing Symmetry‐Protected Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Huang Lujun , Li Shuangli , Zhou Chaobiao , Zhong Haozong , You Shaojun , Li Lin , Cheng Ya , Miroshnichenko Andrey E 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHarnessing the power of symmetry‐protected bound states in the continuum (SP BICs) has become a focal point in scientific exploration, promising many interesting applications in nanophotonics. However, the practical realization of ultrahigh quality (Q) factor quasi‐BICs (QBICs) is hindered by the fabrication imperfections. In this work, an easy approach is proposed to achieve ultrahigh‐Q resonances by strategically breaking symmetry. By introducing precise perturbations within the zero eigenfield region, QBICs with consistently ultrahigh‐Q factors, beyond conventional limitations are achieved. Intriguingly, intentionally disrupting symmetry in the maximum eigenfield region leads to a rapid decline in QBIC's Q‐factors as the asymmetry parameter increases. Leveraging this design strategy, ultrahigh‐Q modes with a high Q‐factor of 36,694 in a silicon photonic crystal slab are experimentally realized . The findings establish a robust and straightforward pathway toward unlocking the full potential of SP BICs, enhancing light‐matter interactions across diverse applications.
From Rotten to Magical: Transition Metal Migration in Layered Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Chu Shiyong , Guo Shaohua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLayered oxides, the most commercially promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), are extensively investigated due to their low cost, abundant raw materials, flexible structure, and high capacity. However, although the “rotten” transition metal (TM) migration phenomenon in layered oxide cathode materials leads to unfavorable structure reconstruction, sluggish Na+ diffusion and subsequent performance degradation, TM migration has not been systematically summarized and intensively discussed. Herein, a comprehensive insight into the recent advances of TM migration in layered SIB cathodes is provided, aiming to realize the “magical” utilization of TM migration. First, the negative effects of TM migration on crystal structure and electrochemical properties are discussed. Then, the origin of TM migration is intensively analyzed, and three main mechanisms of the migration are presented, including Cr4+–Cr4+–Cr4+ triplets, Jahn–Teller Fe4+ and Na‐free layers. Additionally, the latest research findings on exploring the origin are fully discussed. Finally, the suppression and utilization of TM migration are discussed, and the further exploration of TM migration and the future directions of suppressing/utilizing TM migration are outlooked. It is believed that this perspective will provide guidelines for the design of high‐performance layered oxide cathodes involving TM migration by turning the “rotten” into the “magical.”
Nanointegrative Glycoengineering‐Activated Necroptosis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells Enables Self‐Amplifiable Immunotherapy for Systemic Tumor Rejection
Authors: Zhao Youbo , Li Yanan , He Jing , Li Menghuan , Yao Xuemei , Yang Huocheng , Luo Zhong , Luo Peng , Su Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer stem cells (TCSCs) are considered as the origin of recurrence and relapse. It is difficult to kill not only for its resistance, but also the lacking of targetable molecules on membrane. Here, it is confirmed that ST6 β‐galactoside alpha‐2,6‐sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal‐1) is highly expressed in TCSCs that may be the key enzyme involved in glycoengineering via sialic acid (SA) metabolism. SA co‐localizes with a microdomain on cell membrane termed as lipid rafts that enrich CSCs marker and necroptosis proteins mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL), suggesting that TCSCs may be sensitive to necroptosis. Thus, the triacetylated N‐azidoacetyl‐d‐mannosamine (Ac3ManNAz) is synthesized as the glycoengineering substrate and applied to introduce artificial azido receptors, dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)‐modified liposome is used to deliver Compound 6i (C6), a receptor‐interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1(RIPL1)‐RIP3K‐mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein(MLKL) activator, to induce necroptosis. The pro‐necroptosis effect is aggravated by nitric oxide (NO), which is released from NO‐depot of cholesterol‐NO integrated in DBCO‐PEG‐liposome@NO/C6 (DLip@NO/C6). Together with the immunogenicity of necroptosis that releases high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) of damage‐associated molecular patterns, TCSCs are significantly killed in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic effect on the non‐targetable TCSCs with high expression of ST6Gal‐1 via combination of glycoengineering and necroptosis induction.
Self‐Powered Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices Based on In2Se3/MoS2 Ferroelectric Heterojunction with Boosted Performance
Authors: Feng Pu , He Sixian , Zeng Zhi , Dang Congcong , Li Ming , Zhao Liancheng , Wang Dongbo , Gao Liming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic computing systems are based on new architecture inspired by biological learning behavior and biological structure to overcome the shortcomings of the von Neumann system, such as high energy consumption and generation of excessive redundant data. However, common synaptic‐device designs are still need to carry an external power source, which is detrimental to both the miniaturization of smart devices and the further reduction of energy consumption. Therefore, self‐powered optoelectronic synapses hold great promise for achieving energy‐efficient artificial intelligence applications. Given the advantages of heterogeneous integration and ferroelectric performance, the 2D ferroelectric In2Se3 has become a typical candidate material for biological synaptic devices and neuromorphic computing. Although, various structures of ferroelectric synaptic devices are developed, most of which are controlled by optical or electrical pulses, hardly any reports discuss the operation in self‐powered mode. In this work, an In2Se3/MoS2 ferroelectric lateral heterojunction‐type optoelectronic synaptic device is fabricated to mimic biological synaptic functions in voltage mode or self‐driven mode. In addition, two simplified image pre‐processing methods based on device arrays are shown to improve the recognition accuracy of a back‐end neural network. The proposed approach suggests a new route for designing and applying high‐performance synaptic devices.
Polyisobutylene Encapsulated PEDOT: Pss Electrode Honeycomb Skeleton Electrolyte for Moisture Resistant Electro‐Ionic Soft Artificial Muscles
Authors: Raza Umar , Niemiec Martin , Kim Kyungjin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdvances in electro‐ionic soft actuators hold significant potential as next‐generation bioelectronic interfaces due to mechanical compliance and operation in agreement with soft biological tissues and low voltages. However, current devices call for encapsulation strategies to accommodate high mechanical demands and long‐term stability in environmental changes. In this study, a durability of polyvinylidene‐fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐co‐HFP) honeycomb skeleton electrolyte encapsulated with a biocompatible polyisobutylene (PIB) thin film is being investigated. A low water vapor transmission rate (0.61 g m−2 day−1) and elastic modulus (10 kPa) are measured from a 7.5 µm‐thick thin‐modified PIB‐encapsulation layer. The PIB‐encapsulated soft actuator maintains 68% of its mechanical durability after 40 000 cycles of zero‐to‐tension fatigue loading at room temperature. A cantilever actuation test of the PIB‐encapsulated 3mm‐wide 30mm‐long actuator film shows a large tip displacement (15.90 mm) at a low voltage (±1.5 V) under 0.1 Hz, 37 °C, 50% relative humidity (RH). Most importantly, while the unencapsulated actuator immediately degrades in a few cycles at 37 °C, 50%RH, and 0.1% applied strain, PIB‐encapsulated soft actuator performs up to 6500 dynamic actuation cycles without any functionality degradation. Exceptional durability against mechanical fatigue and stability at elevated temperature and humidity meet the prerequisite for future soft biomedical robots that enable long‐lasting safe operations.
Small Stokes Shift and Two‐Site Occupation in the ANb2O6:Cr3+ (A = Zn/Mg) Phosphors Toward Highly Efficient Ultra‐Broadband Near‐Infrared Emission for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Wang Yining , Shang Mengmeng , Sun Yixin , Zhu Yiying , Xing Xiaole , Dang Peipei , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of the new generation of smart near infrared (NIR) light sources is a problem demanding prompt solution with the increasing role of NIR spectroscopy in security, food, medical treatment, agriculture, and other fields. In this work, Cr3+ doped ANb2O6 (A = Zn/Mg) phosphors are successfully developed, which generate a NIR emission with a peak at 930 nm covering 750–1300 nm under excitation of 515 nm light. Thanks to the small Stokes shift, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) values of the optimal samples of ZnNb2O6:Cr3+ and MgNb2O6:Cr3+ reach up to 70% and 62%, respectively. This ultra‐broadband NIR emission originates from the simultaneous occupation of [AO6] and [NbO6] octahedrons by Cr3+, which is confirmed by the excitation wavelength‐dependent emission spectra, low‐temperature photoluminescence spectra (77 K), time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The thermal quenching mechanism of ANb2O6:Cr3+ (A = Zn/Mg) is revealed from the aspects of thermal cross and thermal ionization. Benefiting from the excellent performance of ANb2O6:Cr3+ (A = Zn/Mg) NIR phosphors, the combination of 520 nm LED chips, and as‐prepared phosphors demonstrate the dramatic potential applications in night vision, non‐destructive testing, biological tissue imaging, and spectral analysis.
A Multifunctional Flexible Tactile Sensor Based on Resistive Effect for Simultaneous Sensing of Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Zhu Haodong , Luo Hongyu , Cai Min , Song Jizhou 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFlexible tactile sensors with multifunctional sensing functions have attracted much attention due to their wide applications in artificial limbs, intelligent robots, human‐machine interfaces, and health monitoring devices. Here, a multifunctional flexible tactile sensor based on resistive effect for simultaneous sensing of pressure and temperature is reported. The sensor features a simple design with patterned metal film on a soft substrate with cavities and protrusions. The decoupling of pressure and temperature sensing is achieved by the reasonable arrangement of metal layers in the patterned metal film. Systematically experimental and numerical studies are carried out to reveal the multifunctional sensing mechanism and show that the proposed sensor exhibits good linearity, fast response, high stability, good mechanical flexibility, and good microfabrication compatibility. Demonstrations of the multifunctional flexible tactile sensor to monitor touch, breathing, pulse and objects grabbing/releasing in various application scenarios involving coupled temperature/pressure stimuli illustrate its excellent capability of measuring pressure and temperature simultaneously. These results offer an effective tool for multifunctional sensing of pressure and temperature and create engineering opportunities for applications of wearable health monitoring and human‐machine interfaces.
Interface Welding via Thermal Pulse Sintering to Enable 4.6 V Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Yao Xiangming , Chen Shiming , Wang Changhong , Chen Taowen , Li Jiangxiao , Xue Shida , Deng Zhikang , Zhao Wenguang , Nan Bowen , Zhao Yiqian , Yang Kai , Song Yongli , Pan Feng , Yang Luyi , Sun Xueliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNASICON‐type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) is one of the most promising solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) to achieve high‐energy‐density solid‐state batteries (SSBs) due to its high ionic conductivity, high‐voltage stability, and low cost. However, its practical application is constrained by inadequate interfacial compatibility with cathode materials and significant incompatibility with lithium metal. In this work, a cost‐effective interface welding approach is reported, utilizing an innovative thermal pulse sintering (TPS) to fabricate LATP‐based solid‐state batteries. Initially, the rapid thermal pulses enhance the ionic conductivity of LATP SSE by inducing selective growth of LATP nanowires, effectively occupying interparticle voids. Additionally, this process results in the formation of a dense layer (GCM) comprising graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and MXene with a controlled Li+ transport pathway, facilitating lithium stripping and plating processes. Moreover, these thermal pulses facilitate the interfacial fusion between LATP and cathode materials, while avoiding undesired phase diffusion. As a result, SSBs with a LiCoO2 cathode deliver favorable cycle stability at 4.6 V, marking significant progress. This facile interface welding strategy represents a substantial step toward high‐energy‐density SSB development.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Cs4PbBr6/WS2 Hybrid Nanocomposite
Authors: Immanuel Philip Nathaniel , Huang Song‐Jeng , Taank Pravrati , Goldreich Achiad , Prilusky Jonathan , Byregowda Archana , Carmieli Raanan , Shalom Hila , Leybovich Avigail , Zak Alla , Aggarwal Naresh , Adarsh K. V. , Yadgarov Lena 
Published: December 2023

Photocatalytic processes are among the prime means for mitigating the pollution caused by toxic effluents. In this context, photocatalysis presents a promising path and is undergoing rapid evolution. Halide perovskite‐nanocrystals (HP‐NCs) are excellent candidates due to their negative conduction band minimum and low work function, essential for photocatalysis. Yet, HP‐NCs face limitations within this domain because they are prone to chemical degradation when exposed to external factors like high temperature, polar solvents, oxygen, and light. A practical approach toward stabilizing HP‐NCs involves hybridizing them with a chemically inert material that can provide steric stabilization and act as a cocatalyst. Transition‐metal dichalcogenides emerge as outstanding candidates to sterically stabilize the HPs as they are stable, chemically inert, and can serve as co‐catalysts, enabling suppressed charge recombination. Herein, the photocatalytic performance of Cs4PbBr6/WS2‐nanocomposites towards organic dye degradation in polar solvents under visible light illumination is investigated. We found that the presence of WS2 nanostructures significantly stabilizes the HP‐NCs and promotes dye degradation rate compared to pristine Cs4PbBr6‐NCs. Using transient absorption measurements, we found that the WS2‐nanostructures act as an electron transport channel, effectively reducing charge recombination in the NCs. These findings pave the way for implementing Cs4PbBr6/WS2‐nanocomposites as stable and superior photocatalysts.