bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalistic symptom trajectories of atypical anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa in a prospective cohort study of United States college students
Authors: Hagan Kelsey E. , Johnson Adanya , Venables Kira , Makara Amanda ,   The Spit for Science Working Group, Haynos Ann F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveResearch on the natural course of symptoms of atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) relative to AN and bulimia nervosa (BN) is limited yet needed to inform nosology and improve understanding of atypical AN. This study aimed to 1) characterize trajectories of eating disorder and internalizing (anxiety, depression) symptoms in college students with and without a history of atypical AN, AN, and BN; and 2) compare sex and race/ethnicity distributions across groups.MethodUnited States college students who participated in Spit for Science™, a prospective cohort study, were classified as having a history of atypical AN (n = 125), AN (n = 160), BN (n = 617), or as non‐eating‐disorder controls (NCs, n = 5876). Generalized and linear mixed‐effects models assessed group differences in eating and internalizing symptom trajectories, and logistic regression compared groups on sex and race/ethnicity distributions.ResultsAtypical AN participants demonstrated elevated eating disorder and internalizing symptoms compared to NCs during college, but less severe symptoms than AN and BN participants. Although all eating disorder groups showed signs of improvement in fasting and driven exercise, purging and depression remained elevated. Atypical AN participants showed increasing anxiety and stable binge‐eating trajectories compared to AN and/or BN participants. The atypical AN group comprised significantly more people of color than the AN group.DiscussionFindings underscore that atypical AN is a severe psychiatric disorder. As atypical AN may present as less severe than AN and BN and disproportionately affects people of color, clinicians should be mindful of biases that could delay diagnosis and care.Public SignificanceCollege students with histories of atypical AN, AN, and BN demonstrated improvements in fasting and driven exercise and stable purging and depression levels. Atypical AN students showed worsening anxiety and stable binge‐eating trajectories compared to favorable changes among AN and BN students. A higher percentage of atypical AN (vs. AN) students were people of color. Findings may improve the detection of atypical AN in college students.
Penalized distributed lag interaction model: Air pollution, birth weight, and neighborhood vulnerability
Authors: Demateis Danielle , Keller Kayleigh P. , Rojas‐Rueda David , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi‐Anna , Wilson Ander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMaternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy has a substantial public health impact. Epidemiological evidence supports an association between maternal exposure to air pollution and low birth weight. A popular method to estimate this association while identifying windows of susceptibility is a distributed lag model (DLM), which regresses an outcome onto exposure history observed at multiple time points. However, the standard DLM framework does not allow for modification of the association between repeated measures of exposure and the outcome. We propose a distributed lag interaction model that allows modification of the exposure‐time‐response associations across individuals by including an interaction between a continuous modifying variable and the exposure history. Our model framework is an extension of a standard DLM that uses a cross‐basis, or bi‐dimensional function space, to simultaneously describe both the modification of the exposure‐response relationship and the temporal structure of the exposure data. Through simulations, we showed that our model with penalization out‐performs a standard DLM when the true exposure‐time‐response associations vary by a continuous variable. Using a Colorado, USA birth cohort, we estimated the association between birth weight and ambient fine particulate matter air pollution modified by an area‐level metric of health and social adversities from Colorado EnviroScreen.
Advancing RCCI engine performance via optimal acetylene premix ratios and advanced diesel injection timing: An experimental investigation
Authors: Deb Parthasarathi , Paul Abhishek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) stands out as an innovative combustion strategy, effectively reconciling stringent emission regulations with precise combustion management and optimal engine performance. In this research, the influence of injection timing of diesel, acting as highly reactive fuel (HRF), alongside variable premix ratios of acetylene, a low reactive fuel (LRF), operating within the RCCI framework has been investigated. In a first‐of‐its‐kind attempt, with a thorough experimental design, the present investigation encompasses a progressive advancement of HRF injection timing, extending up to 110° CA bTDC with 20° CA increments, coupled with LRF integration at premix ratios of up to 70%. Optimal operational conditions materialize at an HRF injection timing advancement of 90° CA bTDC, complemented by a 40% LRF contribution. This configuration yields substantial gains, including a 28.2% upsurge in the cylinder pressure and an 18.6% elevation in the cylinder temperature compared to conventional diesel (CDC) operations. Additionally, the combustion process exhibits an advanced start of combustion (SoC) relative to the CDC baseline, with an 8.53% decline in heat release rate, at 40% LRF enrichment. Under optimal circumstances, moderate hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are noted, while smoke emissions experience a noteworthy reduction of 55.9%, all the while upholding overall output performance. A remarkable 69.8% peak increase in brake thermal efficiency is attained, underscoring the merits of judiciously advancing HRF injection timing and extending LRF utilization within the RCCI paradigm. Thus, the study underscores the synergistic potential between augmented HRF injection timing and controlled LRF integration, offering a promising avenue for elevating the RCCI approach.
D‐tryptophan, an eco‐friendly natural, safe, and healthy compound with antimicrobial activity against food‐borne pathogens: A systematic review
Authors: Moghimani Minoo , Noori Seyyed Mohammad Ali , Afshari Asma , Hashemi Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, the use of D‐amino acids as food preservatives has attracted considerable attention because these natural compounds do not have adverse effects on human health. In addition, D‐amino acids such as D‐tryptophan can reduce the harmful effects of other treatments. For instance, the use of D‐tryptophan in food reduces the requirement for high temperatures and their damaging effects on nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of D‐tryptophan on food‐borne pathogens in vitro and in food models. To identify related studies, scientific digital databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to February 2023. The results of the studies showed that when D‐tryptophan was used with other stresses such as using different salt concentrations, refrigeration, or high temperatures, it showed significant antimicrobial effects on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative food‐borne pathogens, and antibiofilm impacts were also observed with D‐tryptophan. Since studies have shown that the antimicrobial activity of D‐tryptophan depends on several factors, including the pathogen strain, the type of stress, and the concentration of D‐tryptophan, and every article has focused on one of these factors, there is a need for a systematic review that summarizes and concludes the effect of all these factors on the antimicrobial activity of D‐tryptophan against food‐borne pathogens.
Topographic metabolism‐function relationships in Alzheimer's disease: A simultaneous PET/MRI study
Authors: Li Wenli , Zhang Miao , Huang Ruodong , Hu Jialin , Wang Lijun , Ye Guanyu , Meng Hongping , Lin Xiaozhu , Liu Jun , Li Biao , Zhang Yaoyu , Li Yao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDisruptions of neural metabolism and function occur in parallel during Alzheimer's disease (AD). While many studies have shown diverse metabolic‐functional relationships in specific brain regions, much less is known about how large‐scale network‐level functional activity is associated with the topology of metabolism in AD. In this study, we took the advantages of simultaneous PET/MRI and multivariate analyses to investigate the associations between AD‐related stereotypical spatial patterns (topographies) of glucose metabolism, measured by fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and functional connectivity, measured by resting‐state functional MRI. A total of 101 participants, including 37 patients with AD, 25 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 39 cognitively normal controls, underwent PET/MRI scans and cognitive assessments. Three pairs of distinct but optimally correlated metabolic and functional topographies were identified, encompassing large‐scale networks including the default‐mode, executive and control, salience, attention, and subcortical networks. Importantly, the metabolic‐functional associations were not only limited to one‐to‐one‐corresponding regions, but also occur in remote and non‐overlapping regions. Furthermore, both glucose metabolism and functional connectivity, as well as their linkages, exhibited various degrees of disruptions in patients with MCI and AD, and were correlated with cognitive decline. In conclusion, our results support distributed and heterogeneous topographic associations between metabolism and function, which are jeopardized by AD. Findings of this study may deepen our understanding of the pathological mechanism of AD through the perspectives of both local energy efficiency and long‐term interactions between synaptic disruption and functional disconnection contributing to the clinical symptomatology in AD.
Investigating the synergistic effects of hormone replacement therapy, apolipoprotein E and age on brain health in the UK Biobank
Authors: Ambikairajah Ananthan , Khondoker Mizanur , Morris Edward , de Lange Ann‐Marie G. , Saleh Rasha N. M. , Minihane Anne Marie , Hornberger Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlobal prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease has a strong sex bias, with women representing approximately two‐thirds of the patients. Yet, the role of sex‐specific risk factors during midlife, including hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and their interaction with other major risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE)‐e4 genotype and age, on brain health remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between HRT (i.e., use, age of initiation and duration of use) and brain health (i.e., cognition and regional brain volumes). We then consider the multiplicative effects of HRT and APOE status (i.e., e2/e2, e2/e3, e3/e3, e3/e4 and e4/e4) via a two‐way interaction and subsequently age of participants via a three‐way interaction. Women from the UK Biobank with no self‐reported neurological conditions were included (N = 207,595 women, mean age = 56.25 years, standard deviation = 8.01 years). Generalised linear regression models were computed to quantify the cross‐sectional association between HRT and brain health, while controlling for APOE status, age, time since attending centre for completing brain health measure, surgical menopause status, smoking history, body mass index, education, physical activity, alcohol use, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, vascular/heart problems and diabetes diagnosed by doctor. Analyses of structural brain regions further controlled for scanner site. All brain volumes were normalised for head size. Two‐way interactions between HRT and APOE status were modelled, in addition to three‐way interactions including age. Results showed that women with the e4/e4 genotype who have used HRT had 1.82% lower hippocampal, 2.4% lower parahippocampal and 1.24% lower thalamus volumes than those with the e3/e3 genotype who had never used HRT. However, this interaction was not detected for measures of cognition. No clinically meaningful three‐way interaction between APOE, HRT and age was detected when interpreted relative to the scales of the cognitive measures used and normative models of ageing for brain volumes in this sample. Differences in hippocampal volume between women with the e4/e4 genotype who have used HRT and those with the e3/e3 genotype who had never used HRT are equivalent to approximately 1–2 years of hippocampal atrophy observed in typical health ageing trajectories in midlife (i.e., 0.98%–1.41% per year). Effect sizes were consistent within APOE e4/e4 group post hoc sensitivity analyses, suggesting observed effects were not solely driven by APOE status and may, in part, be attributed to HRT use. Although, the design of this study means we cannot exclude the possibility that women who have used HRT may have a predisposition for poorer brain health.
Agmatine ameliorates valproic acid‐induced depletion of parvalbumin‐positive neuron
Authors: Khoram‐Abadi Khadijeh Mirzaee , Basiri Mohsen , Nemati Mozhdeh , Nozari Masoumeh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology. Dysfunction of several brain areas including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and cerebellum is involved in cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with ASD. Several studies have reported a reduction in the number of parvalbumin‐immunoreactive (PV+) neurons in brain areas of ASD patients and animal models such as a shank mutant mouse model and rodents receiving fetal valproic acid (VPA) administration. Developing therapeutic interventions that restore PV interneurons can be the future therapeutic approach to ASD. The present study examined the possible effect of agmatine (AG), an endogenous NMDA antagonist, on the number of PV+ neurons in a VPA animal model of autism. The therapeutic effects of AG in ameliorating ASD‐like behaviors were previously reported in VPA rats. AG was gavaged at dosages of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/kg from gestational day (GD) 6.5 to 18.5, and the number of PV interneurons was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in the 1‐month‐old rats. Prenatal VPA (GD 12.5) or AG led to a decrease of PV neurons in the PFC, Cornu ammonia (CA1), and molecular layers (MLs) of the cerebellum. However, exposure to AG restored the PV population induced by VPA. AG may modify underlying neuronal mechanisms resulting in the increased survival or restoration of the PV population.
Anti‐cancer bioactivity of sweet basil leaf derived extracellular vesicles on pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Chintapula Uday , Oh Daniel , Perez Cristina , Davis Sachin , Ko Jina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMost living organisms secrete tiny lipid bilayer particles encapsulating various biomolecular entities, including nucleic acids and proteins. These secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shown to aid in communication between cells and their environment. EVs are mainly involved in the signalling and manipulation of physiological processes. Plant EVs display similar functional activity as seen in mammalian EVs. Medicinal plants have many bioactive constituents with potential applications in cancer treatment. Particularly, Basil (Ocimum basilicum), has wide therapeutic properties including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and anti‐infection, among others. In this study, we focused on using EVs purified from Apoplast Washing Fluid (AWF) of Basil plant leaves as a biological therapeutic agent against cancer. Characterization of Basil EVs revealed a size range of 100–250 nm, which were later assessed for their cell uptake and apoptosis inducing abilities in pancreatic cancer cells. Basil plant EVs (BasEVs) showed a significant cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa‐2 at a concentration of 80 and 160 μg/mL in cell viability, as well as clonogenic assays. Similarly, RT‐PCR and western blot analysis has shown up regulation in apoptotic gene and protein expression of Bax, respectively, in BasEV treatment groups compared to untreated controls of MIA PaCa‐2. Overall, our results suggest that EVs from basil plants have potent anti‐cancer effects in pancreatic cancer cells and can serve as a drug delivery system, demanding an investigation into the therapeutic potential of other medicinal plant EVs.
温泉水での溺水による高カルシウム血症の1例(A case of hypercalcemia due to near–drowning in hot spring water)
Authors: 卓也 井上 , 祐真 安田 , 元気 中村 , 裕啓 守田 , 樹生 西田 , 知世 奥村 , 将之 尾崎 
Published: February 2024

要旨わが国では温泉水での溺水は稀ではないが，それによる高Ca血症はわが国から3例しか報告がなく，認知度は低いと思われる。患者は76歳の男性。温泉施設で飲酒後に入浴し，浴槽に浮いているところを施設の職員に救助され，救急搬送された。当院搬入時，意識JCS 1，呼吸数20/分，SpO2 89%（経鼻酸素4L/分），血圧182/86mmHg，脈拍102/分，体温36.4℃であった。血液ガス分析では低酸素血症，代謝性アシドーシスを認め，胸部CT検査では両側肺に浸潤影を認めた。血液検査で補正血清Ca濃度が19.1mg/dLと高値であった。温泉水の誤嚥による急性呼吸促迫症候群（ARDS）および嘔気，嘔吐，多尿を症状とした原因不明の高Ca血症と診断し入院となった。ARDSについては非侵襲的陽圧換気療法（NPPV）を開始し，高Ca血症については生理食塩水の輸液，フロセミド，エルカトニン，およびゾレドロン酸の投与を行った。第3病日にはNPPVを離脱し，血清Ca値はほぼ正常化した。その後順調に改善し，第10病日に退院となった。第32病日の患者の血清Ca値は正常であった。後日，溺れた温泉水はCa濃度が高いと判明し，高Ca血症は誤嚥した温泉水を吸収したことが原因と考えられた。現在は溺水による電解質異常は重要視されないが，温泉水での溺水では高Ca血症を見逃さないよう注意が必要と考えられた。
Historical meteorological droughts over the CORDEX‐CAM (Central America, Caribbean and Mexico) domain: Evaluating the simulation of dry hot spots with RegCM4
Authors: Andrade‐Gómez Luisa , Cavazos Tereza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHistorical meteorological droughts are analysed over the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment‐Central America, Caribbean and Mexico (CORDEX‐CAM) domain during 1981–2010, with particular emphasis on the North American monsoon (NAM) and the mid‐summer drought (MSD) regions. We analyse droughts based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI‐12) and the standardized precipitation‐evapotranspiration index (SPEI‐12) using observations from CRU, CHIRPS, GPCP and ERA5‐Land reanalysis (ERA5), and assess the skill of the regional climate model RegCM4 (version 7) at 25 km resolution driven by ERA‐Interim (Reg‐ERA) and by three global climate models (Reg‐GCMs: Reg‐Had, Reg‐MPI and Reg‐GFDL). Observational data sets show large spatial variations in drought frequency, and both Reg‐ERA and Reg‐GCMs have difficulties simulating it. RegCM4 shows positive precipitation and water balance biases over mountain regions and negative ones over Central America, possibly due to the complex terrain and poor observational data coverage. Despite differences among observations, the trend in droughts, duration and severity show consistent dry hot spots (regions with long‐duration severe droughts) over the western United States, the United States‐Mexico border region, the NAM, the Yucatan Peninsula and northern Central America, with stronger values of SPEI‐12 than SPI‐12, particularly over the subtropical regions. Reg‐ERA and ERA5 show similar spatial patterns and similar positive and negative spatial biases relative to observations. Reg‐ERA and Reg‐Had adequately simulate the spatial patterns of the trend, duration and severity of droughts, with smaller biases in SPI‐12 than SPEI‐12; in contrast, Reg‐MPI and Reg‐GFDL overestimate the trend biases over northwest CAM. Observations, reanalysis, and RegCM4 capture an inverse drought response between the NAM and the MSD regions linked to climate teleconnections; however, a stronger drought signal is observed in the NAM, which appears to be linked to decadal variations from negative to positive phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation combined with La Niña conditions (negative El Niño 1+2 phase).
Digital Twin for the SBR Cold Emulsion Copolymerization Process
Authors: Carpio Roymel R. , Feital Thiago , Câmara Maurício M. , Gerhardt Flávio , Oliveira Leo Lincoln , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDevelopment of accurate and robust dynamic models for the description of emulsion copolymerization processes is fundamental for the implementation of monitoring, advanced control, and optimization strategies. There are several studies on the dynamic modeling of styrene/1,3‐butadiene rubber (SBR) emulsion copolymerization, but most of them focus on hot conditions or only one semi‐batch reactor, as in the case of cold conditions. For this reason, the present study focuses on the dynamic modeling of SBR cold emulsion copolymerization processes considering a train of 15 continuous stirred tank reactors, as in many real industrial sites. The developed dynamic model is implemented by using the digital twin (DT) concept, which involves the online reading of process variables and an adaptive strategy for online tuning of some of the model parameters, being also sensitive to the effect of real‐time changes on the number of reactors in the train, a subject that has been overlooked previously, but which is important at the plant site. The practical application of the DT for monitoring a real industrial process illustrates the robustness and accuracy of the developed tool, making it useful for opportune detection of process anomalies and opening the way for future advanced control strategies.
Universal modes: Calibration‐free time‐interleaved acquisition of modes
Authors: Schmidt Simon , He Xiaoxuan , Metzger Gregory J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo introduce universal modes by applying the universal pulse concept to time‐interleaved acquisition of modes (TIAMO), thereby achieving calibration‐free inhomogeneity mitigation for body imaging at ultra‐high fields.MethodsTwo databases of different RF arrays were used to demonstrate the feasibility of universal modes. The first comprised 31 cardiac in vivo data sets acquired at 7T while the second consisted of 6 simulated 10.5T pelvic data sets. Subject‐specific solutions and universal modes were computed and subsequently evaluated alongside predefined default modes. For the cardiac database, subdivision into subpopulations was investigated. The optimization was performed using least‐squares (LS) TIAMO and acquisition modes optimized for refocused echoes (AMORE). Finally, universal modes based on simulated pelvis data were applied in vivo at 10.5T.ResultsIn all studied cases, the universal modes yield improvements over the predefined default modes of up to 51% (cardiac) and 30% (pelvic) in terms of median excitation error when using two modes. The subpopulation‐specific cardiac solutions revealed a further improvement of universal modes at the expense of increased errors when applied outside the appropriate subpopulation. Direct application of simulation‐based universal modes in vivo resulted in up to a 14% reduction in excitation error compared to default modes and up to a 34% reduction in peak 10 g local specific absorption rate (SAR) compared to subject‐specific solutions.ConclusionsUniversal modes are feasible for calibration‐free inhomogeneity mitigation at ultra‐high fields. In addition, simulation‐based solutions can be applied directly in vivo, eliminating the need for large in vivo databases.