bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Do We Have to Read Freud?
Authors: Delaney Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Why do we have to read Freud?” my students at Stanford groan when they notice an assignment on Freud. The question is asked in a tone reminiscent of children’s “Do I have to eat my spinach?” The assignment is seen as a chore to be gotten through rather than an intellectual adventure. This is a far cry from my own first reading of Freud in an academic context. Then it seemed almost clandestine, as reading Nietzche was, and evoked a feeling of excitement, as if, finally, we were about to taste the forbidden fruit. Nothing of that aura remains. By a process of social osmosis students today seem to have absorbed a fairly pervasive view that Freud’s theories are either wrong or outdated and of no practical use in their world. The first task, therefore, is to convince them both of the importance of reading Freud and of his continuing relevance.
Introduction
Authors: Attridge Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ulysses is the most famous literary work, in any language, of the twentieth century: this claim would be hard to dispute, subjective though it is. The book’s fame—or, more accurately perhaps, its notoriety—does not necessarily mean that it is the most widely read of twentieth-century literary works, though it would probably appear high on a list of works most frequently begun and never finished. Its difficulty is one of the main ingredients of its reputation, the others being its length, its psychological realism, and (connected to this) its explicitness about sexual and other bodily matters. The first two seem calculated to deter the reader; the second two are more likely to attract him or her, out of curiosity if for no other reason. To those who are familiar with the novel—we might as well call it a novel, although it could equally be called an antinovel— this caricature is misleading in many ways. For one thing, it leaves out the fact that Ulysses is, to those who tap into its humor , one of the funniest novels ever written.
Art and Life, Nature and Culture, Ulysses
Authors: Herr Cheryl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a reflex from its own energy , Ulysses has moved its readers down many critical paths. In the early 1920s Valery Larbaud and company sought the clue to Ulysses in the work’s Odyssean and other schematic structures. During the New Critical heyday, the key was thought by some to be, among other things, the one that Bloom leaves behind him and seeks all day along alley and, yes, quay. Readers fruitfully charted images and triangulated motifs in order to reveal the designs-upon-designs upon which the meaning of the work was assumed to rest. More recently we have seen a poststructuralist concern with disembodying voice and locating aporias, with reflexivity and the self-consciousness of Joyce’s fiction. And in recent work, Freud / Lacan and Marx have begun to receive articulation with Joyce’s writing. The fact is that Joyce’s great narrative has made the critical enterprise into a simulacrum of the travels of the legendary Wandering Jew whose footsore angst Leopold Bloom emulates and whose worldweariness formed an unmistakable part of Joyce’s own experience of Europe between the two wars. Legend com-posing art composing life composing art composing response to life and art—something like this vacillating sequence maps out a territory that is not contained within the covers of the “usylessly unreadable Blue Book of Eccles” (FW 179.26–27).
Reading Ulysses: Agency, Ideology, and the Novel
Authors: Wollaeger Mark A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Just Before He Is Decked (or “crowned”) by a belligerent British soldier in “Circe,” Stephen Dedalus unwisely characterizes his desired relation to Ireland’s reigning institutional authorities with a Blakean aphorism: “in here it is,” he says, tapping his brow, “I must kill the priest and the king” (U 15.4436–37). The self-confessed “servant of two masters,” Stephen wishes to undo the internalization of authority that renders him, as he dourly observes in “Telemachus,” the political subject of “the imperial British state” and the religious subject of “the holy Roman catholic and apostolic church” (U 1.643–44). Stephen’s early morning complaint is framed, courtesy of Haines, by a stark dichotomy. “I should think you are able to free yourself,” says the genially obtuse Englishman. “You are your own master.” Retreating before Stephen’s cynicism, however, Haines quickly reconsiders: “An Irishman must think like that, I dare say.... It seems history is to blame” (U 1.636–37, 647–49).
The Decomposing Form of Joyce’s Ulysses
Authors: Staten Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At The End Of “Calypso,” Bloom defecates while reading a story, a “prize titbit” in an old number of a journal called Titbits (U 4.502); when he finishes his business, he tears away “half the prize story” and wipes himself with it (U 4.537). I read this moment as a witty and profound allegory of literature touching reality. One might be tempted to think that the incident is merely Joyce’s little joke, a comment on the subliterary character of the titbit in question, yet Ulysses is a text that freely allows the sub-literary to circulate within it. And Bloom’s reading of the story, embedded in a scene of perhaps unprecedented novelistic realism, touches off a reflection on mimetic truthfulness: “Life might be so,” Bloom thinks (U 4.511). In Bloom’s toilet, both literary mimesis, in the form known as realism, and Ulysses itself are mises enabyme in more ways than one. Yet realism is abimé only through a process that simultaneously reconstitutes it in a way inconceivable by the laws of classical representation.
Conversations with Joyce (1934)
Authors: Budgen Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It Was Shortly After Our meeting at Taylor’s pension that I again met Joyce, by chance this time, and we strolled through the double avenue of trees on the Utoquai from Bellevue towards Zu¨ rich Horn. To the left of us were the solid houses of Zürich burgesses, on our right the lake and on the far shore of the lake the green slopes and elegant contours of the Uetliberg ridge. “I am now writing a book,” said Joyce, “based on the wanderings of Ulysses. The Odyssey, that is to say, serves me as a ground plan. Only my time is recent time and all my hero’s wanderings take no more than eighteen hours.” A train of vague thoughts arose in my mind, but failed to take shape definite enough for any comment. I drew with them in silence the shape of the Uetliberg-Albis line of hills. The Odyssey for me was just a long poem that might at any moment be illustrated by some Royal Academician. I could see his water-colour Greek heroes, book-opened, in an Oxford Street bookshop window.
New Hampshire Judge
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN 1977, THE YEAR after David Souter became New Hampshire’s attorney general, a vacancy arose on the state supreme court. Warren Rudman and Tom Rath, among others, urged Governor Meldrim Thomson to choose their friend. Eventually, Rudman later wrote, Souter and Rath went to see Thomson. “While they were talking, Thomson left the room to take a phone call, and when he returned he told David-seemingly in some distress-that he couldn’t put him on the supreme court, but that he’d gladly appoint him to the superior court. David declined the offer and continued as attorney general. Tom Rath [was] convinced that the call came from [Union Leader publisher] William Loeb, vetoing David’s appointment to the supreme court.”
From The Crime of the Congo
Authors: Doyle Arthur Conan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the earlier years of his reign King Leopold of Belgium began to display that interest in Central Africa which for a long time was ascribed to nobility and philanthropy, until the contrast between such motives, and the actual unscrupulous commercialism, became too glaring to be sustained. As far back as the year 1876 he called a conference of humanitarians and travellers, who met at Brussels for the purpose of debating various plans by which the Dark Continent might be opened up. From this conference sprang the so-called International African Association, which, in spite of its name, was almost entirely a Belgian body, with the Belgian King as President. Its professed object was the exploration of the country and the founding of stations which should be resthouses for travellers and centres of civilization.
Conrad’s Impressionism
Authors: Watt Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mist or haze is a very persistent image in Conrad. It appeared as soon as he began to write: there was an “opaline haze” over the Thames on the morning when he had recalled Almayer; and the original Olmeijer had first come into Conrad’s view through the morning mists of Borneo. In Heart of Darkness the fugitive nature and indefinite contours of haze are given a special significance by the primary narrator; he warns us that Marlow’s tale will be not centered on, but surrounded by, its meaning; and this meaning will be only as fitfully and tenuously visible as a hitherto unnoticed presence of dust particles and water vapor in a space that normally looks dark and void.
Sharing the Thunder The Literary Exchanges of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Bibb, and Frederick Douglass
Authors: Stepto Robert B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an october 1852 number of Frederick Douglass’s Paper appears a book notice entitled “Stolen Thunder.” Briefly described therein is W. L. G. Smith’s Life at the South; or Uncle Tom’s Cabin as It Is, one of the many books that followed close upon Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel in an attempt to gain a corner of the market Uncle Tom’s Cabin had singlehandedly created. In regard to Smith’s book, “stolen thunder” has a double meaning, for, according to the reviewer, Smith is not just attempting to “make money out of the popularity of ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin,’” but also seeking “withal a little capital for the ‘patriarchal institution.’”
The Common Law
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the “common law” and the “civil law” lie at the center of our attention, we should begin by focusing on what these terms mean. What is the common law? Some people say that the common law is a method—a technique for deriving the law from precedent. There is no doubt that some courts engage in deriving rules by reading precedent and seeking the thread that ties them together, but this purely methodological view of the common law is a modern invention. It ignores the complexity of history and, in particular, the way in which the great text writers fashioned the common law of England.
The Jury
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of comparative law makes us sensitive to features of a foreign system that might seem perfectly normal to a practitioner living within the system. Differences stand out. The native is used to the forest, but the comparativist sees the unusual trees. Three distinctive features of the common law system come to our attention in the case for this chapter: (1) the jury system, (2) the institution of criminal contempt, and (3) the incorporation of the Bill of Rights in the due process clause.
Due Process Ascendant
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the drafting and ratification of the Constitution in 1787–88, the great fear was that a central government would be either too weak, like the government under the Articles of Confederation, or too strong and thus potentially tyrannical. Few considered the potential for excessive power in the states themselves. That concern was addressed only in a few clauses, which have been rarely invoked and more rarely applied—especially the Republican Form of Government Clause and the State Bill of Attainder Clause. (See Art. IV § 4; Art. I § 10.) Instead, to the degree that state abuse of powers was considered, it was left to the democratic process and to the state courts’ interpretations of state bills of rights.
Coordinating the States
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fundamental task of any constitution is to prescribe how government should be “constituted.” It must define the authority of each branch of government and delineate the boundaries that separate the different branches. In a federal state, like the United States, the additional burden of the constitution is to provide for sets of complicated relationships: (1) the relationship of the federal to the state governments and (2) the relationships among the states. This basic distinction intersects with another, the distinction between legislative and judicial authority. The result is four very difficult points of conﬂict, indicated by Table 13.1. Each of these of four points of intersection requires elaboration.
Contract as Law
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the term is understood in both the French and the common law traditions, “contracts” represents the highest achievement of the liberal theory of law. Independent parties come together and make a deal. They act voluntarily and choose their obligations. No one is bound by something not agreed to. Yet, once two or more parties do make an agreement, subject to only a few limits, the law will enforce it between them. At this theoretical level, each person has an equal power to create the rules the law will enforce between them, without regard to whether they were born rich or poor, or one race, gender, religion, or class or another. As claimed by Sir Henry Maine, “the movement of the progressive societies has hitherto been a movement from Status to Contract.” A valid contract is effectively a law created by the parties to the contract. This relationship of the free will of a party to the creation of laws binding the party is surely the reason why the contract is a dominant metaphor in explaining the relationships between governments and their subjects or citizens in liberal society.
Disputed Boundaries: Punitive Damages
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The codification movement in Continental Europe, particularly in Germany, proceeded on the basis of sharp distinctions among particular bodies of private law. The BGB has one book devoted to the law of obligations and another to “things,” or the law of property, both movable and immovable. Within the law of obligations, there is a sharp distinction among particular kinds of contracts, on the one hand, and unjust enrichment and torts on the other. Each particular body of law within the law of obligations has its own rules, which are subject to the general principles laid down first in the general part governing the entire law of obligations and second in the general part governing the entire civil code.
Police Corruption and Its Control
Authors: Ivković Sanja Kutnjak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We entrust police officers with the right to use coercive force when needed, and we expect them to enforce the law. Yet some officers abuse this trust and become notorious law violators themselves: They steal. They accept bribes. They rob drug dealers. They sell drugs. They turn a blind eye when they see other police officers stealing or otherwise violating the laws. The picture of police officers abusing their office for personal gain is itself disturbing, but the problem of police corruption extends well beyond the rule-violating behavior of a few officers. Police corruption distorts police work, encourages the code of silence, promotes resistance to accountability, and undermines the legitimacy of the police and the government.
Measuring Police Corruption
Authors: Ivković Sanja Kutnjak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the need to know the exact nature and extent of corruption, the measurement of police corruption — or, for that matter, any other type of corruption — is surprisingly underdeveloped. Unlike for most other crimes, there are no official data on the corruption rate. How much corruption is there? Is the rate rising or falling? Is there more corruption now than in previous decades? Is there more corruption in one city than another, in one government department than another? Has corruption decreased after passage of a law, announcement of an investigation or arrests, or implementation of managerial reforms? Corruption cannot be estimated by examining the Uniform Crime Reports or the National Crime Victimization Survey.
Corruption Control Other Functions
Authors: Ivković Sanja Kutnjak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Corruption control is complex. It involves a number of heterogeneous functions, from providing resources for corruption control to monitoring propensity for corruption. The functions are so diverse that they have to be performed by various entities: the police agency itself, the mayor or city manager, prosecutors, courts, the media, and the citizenry. Some functions can be carried out by more than one entity, and others have to be performed by very specific ones. For example, although investigations of corrupt behavior can be conducted by the police agency, prosecutors, or the media, only the courts can mete out punishment in criminal cases. Moreover, it frequently takes several institutions to carry out a certain function. For ex- ample, the task of controlling the police agency’s efforts to control corruption is shared by the mayor, independent commissions, and the media.
Close to Death: Reflections on Race and Capital Punishment in America
Authors: Stevenson Bryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even before I began representing people on death row, I was opposed to capital punishment. The logic of gratuitously killing someone to demonstrate that killing is wrong eluded me. We don’t rape those who rape, nor do we assault those who have assaulted. We disavow torturing those who have tortured. Yet we endorse killing those who have killed. The death penalty has always seemed to me to be a punishment rooted in hopelessness and anger. My own moral and religious background caused me to believe that each of us is more than the worst thing we’ve ever done. No one is just a crime. Punishment must be constrained by basic human rights. I also recognized before I became a lawyer that the criminal justice system was replete with arbitrary and unfair decision making, particularly for the poor and people of color. In the almost two decades that I have been working as an attorney for condemned prisoners, I have developed a far more direct and personal understanding of the degree to which this country’s capital punishment system is riddled with flaws and tainted with injustice. I have represented dozens of death row prisoners, most of whom were unconstitutionally convicted and unfairly sentenced to death.
The Theology and Worldview of Muhammad Ibn Abdal-Wahhab
Authors: Delong-bas Natana J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab was both a theologian and a legal scholar. The worldview that he espoused reflected both of these traits. In Islam, correct belief (orthodoxy), although important, is not sufficient on its own to achieve salvation in the Afterlife. Muslims believe that God will judge them on the basis of how they lived their lives, not just on the basis of what they believed. Thus, correct practice (orthopraxy) is also a main determinant in whether one will go to Heaven or Hell.
Jihad: Call to Islam or Call to Violence?
Authors: Delong-bas Natana J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no more controversial or troubling topic with respect to Islam than that of jihad. Public debates over whether use of a term that many have come to associate with terrorism should even be permitted in the public sphere have come to dominate American discussions of Islam in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. These events raised many questions about the relationship between Islam and terrorism. Were the two irrevocably connected or was this a perverse distortion of Islam’s teachings? As information about the perpetrators of these horrific events slowly became available, Americans not only heard a great deal about the exiled Saudi dissident Osama bin Laden and his shadowy Al-Qaida terrorist network, but they also became familiar with the term Wahhabi and the fact that fifteen out of the nineteen hijackers involved in these attacks were Saudi. For some, the implications were clear. Wahhabis and Saudis were inherently terrorists.
Making Sacred Images
Authors: Kohn Livia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Rules say: Great images do not have form, the fully perfected is free from physical aspects. Utterly clear, they are empty and serene. Sight and hearing cannot match them, and yet they change and transform to be apparent in physical shape. Visible for a little while, they again return into hiding. For this reason, to visualize the perfected, one must first develop an imagination of their sage countenances. To aid this process, one uses cinnabar and green, gold and turquoise to create depictions and shape representations; one makes sacred images of the perfected countenances adorned with powder of white lead.
Levels of Daoists
Authors: Kohn Livia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The “Rules and Precepts for Worshiping the Dao According to the Three Caverns” says:
There are six levels of Daoists beyond the bounds [of ordinary society]:
celestial perfected
spirit immortals
mountain recluses
ordained monastics [18b]
devout householders
libationers
Alphabetically Based Textuality and Education in Ancient Greece
Authors: Carr David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient Greece presents a substantially different picture on a number of different fronts to what we saw in the cultures of the Sumero- Akkadian and Egyptian traditions. In the case of the Sumero- Akkadian tradition, we had access to the education-textual system by way of thousands of educational texts combined with explicit descriptions of education in the Edubba literature and mentions of education in hymns and other narratives. In the case of the Egyptian tradition, we had a lesser number of educational texts, along with mention of education in some inscriptions and other literature. But in the case of Greek education, we have virtually no practice texts, and mention of textual education is relatively rare—especially from periods much previous to the Macedonian period. There is a Greek abecedary and syllabary from Tuscany that is dated to the early seventh century that testifies to some sort of Greek education there, and there is a fifth-century find of about one hundred inscribed slabs of slate-like stone from a probable school in the Athenian agora. Otherwise, the combination of a rainy climate and use of perishable writing materials for education (especially papyrus) means that we have no advanced school texts from ancient Greece. As a result, we are missing a key form of evidence that might be used to reconstruct the curriculum and teaching methods of early Greek education.
Education and Textuality in the Hellenistic World Egypt and Other Examples of Hellenistic Hybridity
Authors: Carr David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Hellenistic period marks a definite shift in many important respects from the pre-Hellenistic one. First and foremost, education and textuality are part of a broader clash of cultures. In contexts like Hellenistic Egypt, participation in elite Greek education marked one as a “Greek” and thus a member of the Greek ruling class, especially if one progressed to the point of having graduated from the gymnasium. Yet I will show in this chapter how this education, particularly on the elite levels, was not open to all, nor was it equally accessible to all students. Instead, education and textuality becomes a central means for legitimating Greek overlordship by way of possession of purportedly superior Greek culture. In response, dominated cultures like Egypt articulated at least part of their resistance to Greek rule through asserting and redefining their own cultural heritage.