bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethene (ethylene) production in the marine macroalga Ulva (Enteromorpha) intestinalis L. (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae): effect of light‐stress and co‐production with dimethyl sulphide
Authors: PLETTNER INA , STEINKE MICHAEL , MALIN GILL 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTEthene (ethylene; H2C = CH2) is one of a range of non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) that affect atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Ethene acts as a hormone in higher plants and its role in plant biochemistry, physiology and ecology has been the subject of extensive research. Ethene is also found in seawater, but despite evidence that marine microalgae and seaweeds can produce ethene directly, its production is generally attributed to photochemical breakdown of dissolved organic matter. Here we confirmed ethene production in cultured samples of the macroalga Ulva (Enteromorpha) intestinalis. Ethene levels increased substantially when samples acclimatized to low light conditions were transferred to high light, and ethene addition reduced chlorophyll levels by 30%. A range of potential inhibitors and inducers of ethene biosynthesis were tested. Evidence was found for ethene synthesis via the 1‐aminocylopropane‐1‐acrylic acid (ACC) pathway and ACC oxidase activity was confirmed for cell‐free extracts. Addition of acrylate, a potential ethene precursor in algae that contain the compatible solute dimethylsulphoniopropionate, doubled the ethene produced but no acrylate decarboxylase activity was found. Nonetheless the data support active production of ethene and we suggest ethene may play a multifaceted role in algae as it does in higher plants.
Multiple iso‐proteins of FNR in Arabidopsis: evidence for different contributions to chloroplast function and nitrogen assimilation
Authors: HANKE GUY THOMAS , OKUTANI SATOSHI , SATOMI YOSHINORI , TAKAO TOSHIFUMI , SUZUKI AKIRA , HASE TOSHIHARU 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn chloroplasts ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR) enzymes oxidize the final reduced product of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, ferredoxin (Fd), to reduce NADP+, and play a role in cyclic electron transport. Oppositely, in non‐photosynthetic plastids FNR oxidizes NADPH to provide reduced Fd for enzymes of bioassimilation and biosynthesis. These separate plastid types predominantly contain different iso‐proteins, with distinct leaf FNR (LFNR) and root FNR (RFNR) features. Genomic and transcript information has identified multiple isoforms of both LFNR and RFNR in several species. We have used a technique for rapidly purifying Fd‐interacting proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana to identify the two LFNR and two RFNR proteins encoded in the genome. Analysis of purified LFNRs revealed variation in pI and in abundance between stromal and thylakoid fractions of chloroplasts. Transcript and protein levels of the two LFNRs were similar in leaves, but varied in relative abundance between stems and siliques and in response to different nitrogen growth regimes. Relative transcript accumulation and protein abundance of the two RFNR isoforms varied between organs and in response to different nitrogen growth regimes. These results show that the multiple FNR iso‐proteins of A. thaliana have variable metabolic roles and contribute differentially to nitrogen assimilation.
Donor polymorphisms in Toll‐like receptor‐4 influence the development of rejection after renal transplantation
Authors: Palmer Scott M , Burch Lauranell H , Mir Saad , Smith Stephen R , Kuo Paul C , Herczyk Walter F , Reinsmoen Nancy L , Schwartz David A 
Published: August 2005

Abstract:  Background:  Although innate immunity is crucial to host defense against pathogens, the extent to which innate immune mechanisms participate in the rejection of allogenic tissues in humans is unknown. We hypothesize that activation of innate immunity through Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) critically regulates the development of renal allograft rejection. We have recently demonstrated decreased acute rejection in lung transplant recipients heterozygous for either of two functional polymorphisms in TLR4 associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness. In the present investigation, we sought to evaluate the role of innate immune activation through TLR4, in either donor or recipient, upon the development of renal allograft rejection.Methods:  Patients and donors were screened for the TLR4 functional polymorphisms (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence‐specific primers.Results:  The incidence of biopsy‐proven acute renal allograft rejection was significantly reduced in patients receiving donor grafts heterozygous for the Asp299Gly or Thr399Ile alleles, when compared with wild type (22% vs. 0%, respectively, p = 0.02). There was no association with recipient TLR4 allele and rejection.Conclusions:  The results suggest activation of innate immunity through TLR4 in the donor kidney contributes to the development of acute rejection after renal transplantation.
Activity of CuZn‐superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes in kidney allografts during reperfusion in patients with and without delayed graft function
Authors: Domański L , Dołęgowska B , Safranow K , Różański J , Myślak M , Romanowski M , Sieńko J , Sulikowski T , Ostrowski M , Kędzierska K , Domański M , Chlubek D , Pawlik A , Ciechanowski K 
Published: August 2005

Abstract:  Background:  Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the main mechanism involved in the ischemic/reperfusion damage of the transplanted organ. Oxygen burst is a trigger for complex biochemical events leading to generation of oxygenated lipids and changes in microcirculation. Many markers have been researched to prove the presence of ROS in the transplanted tissue. Some of them, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are considered to play a major role in graft protection against oxygen stress during reperfusion.Methods:  The aim of this study was to examine the changes of SOD1, CAT and GPx activity in erythrocytes during the first minutes after total graft reperfusion. Forty patients undergoing kidney transplantation at our center were assigned to two groups: with or without delayed graft function (DGF). Before anastomosing kidney vessels with recipient's iliac vessels, the ‘0’ blood sample was taken from the iliac vein. Next blood samples I, II and III were taken from the graft's renal vein. The reperfusion of the transplanted kidney was evaluated precisely with the thermovision camera. Erythrocyte SOD1, CAT and GPx activity was measured with a spectrophotometric method.Results:  We did not observe statistically significant changes in SOD1, CAT and GPx activity in erythrocytes during the early phase of reperfusion in patients with and without DGF.Conclusions:  Erythrocyte‐antioxidative system in graft's vein remain stable during the early phase of reperfusion. The results of the study suggest that further studies on extracellular enzymes are required for the assessment of antioxidant system in the conditions of ischemia/reperfusion.
DNA extraction procedure: a critical issue for bacterial diversity assessment in marine sediments
Authors: Luna Gian Marco , Dell’Anno A. , Danovaro R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn order to evaluate whether different DNA extraction procedures can affect estimates of benthic bacterial diversity, based on 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) fingerprinting technique, we compared two in situ lysis procedures (a SDS‐based protocol and a commercial kit for DNA recovery) and one cell‐extraction protocol on a variety of marine sediments. Despite the two in situ lysis procedures resulted in significantly different DNA yields (highest with the SDS in situ lysis), estimates of bacterial diversity provided a not significantly different ribotype richness, as well as similar values of the Shannon‐Wiener (H′) and Margalef (d) indices of biodiversity and of evenness (Pielou index, J). Conversely, the cell‐extraction procedure for DNA extraction resulted always in a significantly lower ribotype richness and diversity. The analysis of similarities (anosim) among the T‐RFLP electropherograms allowed concluding that ribotypes composition did not change significantly using different protocols. However, the analysis of β‐diversity (turnover diversity) revealed that a large number of ribotypes was observed exclusively with one of the three protocols utilized. When unshared ribotypes from in situ lysis and cell extraction were pooled together, total ribotype richness resulted much higher (up to 80%). Our results indicate that estimates of ribotype diversity based on a single protocol of DNA extraction can significantly underestimate the total number of bacterial ribotypes present in the benthic domain. We recommend that future studies will not only integrate different DNA extraction procedures, but also will explore the possibility of integrating two or more different genetic markers in order to increase our ability to detect the actual bacterial diversity in environmental samples.
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the island of Gran Canaria: comparison of three major diagnostic proposals
Authors: Boronat M. , Chirino R. , Varillas V. F. , Saavedra P. , Marrero D. , Fábregas M. , J. Nóvoa F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAims  The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a Canarian population, and to compare its frequency as defined by the most commonly used working definitions.Methods  Cross‐sectional population‐based study. One thousand and thirty adult subjects were randomly selected from the local census of Telde, a city located on the island of Gran Canaria. Participants completed a survey questionnaire and underwent physical examination, fasting blood analyses, and a 75‐g standardized oral glucose tolerance test. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was estimated according to the definitions proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the latter with the original (6.1 mmol/l) and the revised criterion (5.6 mmol/l) for abnormal fasting glucose.Results  The adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 28.0, 15.9, 23.0 and 28.2%, using the WHO, EGIR, NCEP and revised NCEP criteria, respectively. The measure of agreement (κ statistic) was 0.57 between the WHO and the original NCEP definitions, and 0.61 between the WHO and the revised NCEP definitions. After excluding diabetic subjects, the agreement between the EGIR and WHO proposals was fairly good (κ = 0.70), whereas concordance of the EGIR with the original and the revised NCEP definitions was moderate (κ = 0.47 and 0.46, respectively).Conclusions  Whichever the considered diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in this area of the Canary Islands is greater than that observed in most other European populations.
Managing as a Performing Art
Authors: Mangham Iain L. 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARYThis paper considers the activities of senior managers as isomorphic with the activities of actors. It takesperformingas not a matter of metaphor, but a matter of form; life at the top of an organization is intrinsically theatrical; each of us is blessed or cursed with histrionic sensibility. Proceeding by way of a comparison of Edmund Kean and Lee lacocca it touches upon matters of text and interpretation, rehearsal and performance and the importance of individuation. The argument – such as it is – is that both Kean and lacocca performthemselves, the former's Richard III, the latter's Chrysler being the fullest realizations of that which was, hitherto, inchoate and emergent. The final part of the paper is concerned with the implications of this perspective for education, training and development; current management education appears geared to reduce rather than to promote individuality. Techniques are imposed and answers are provided and the entire educational performance revolves around teachers as performers rather than managers as performers. The way to become a management star, it is suggested, is to do managing, not simply to be audience for academic stars.
Managing Corporate Knowledge Experiences with SODA and V·I·S·A
Authors: Ackermann Fran , Belton Valerie 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARYIt is often said that success in today's competitive environment depends on the acquisition and application of sound, relevant knowledge. This paper introduces two management science approaches that have been used for the effective management of knowledge, towards the development of strategy, planning and decision making, in a wide range of organizational settings. Both approaches make use of computer technology to provide a flexible and interactive environment incorporating a visual representation of the problem. The paper briefly describes each approach, together with a case study illustrating its use in practice. A number of common themes relevant to the management of knowledge are identified and discussed. The themes highlight the benefits which arise through the use of computer technology alongside a number of issues relevant to the management of the group process.
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, THE LAW AND GOVERNMENT STRATEGY
Authors: GREGORY ROY 
Published: August 2005

“A monetary policy that would break the coercive power of the unions by producing extensive and protracted unemployment must be excluded, for it would be politically and socially fatal. But if we do not succeed in curbing union power at its source, the unions will soon be faced with a demand for measures that will be much more distasteful to individual workers, if not the union leaders, than the submission of the unions to the rule of law: the clamor will soon be either for the fixing of wages by governments for the complete abolition of the unions.”F. A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty
“DOWN THERE ON A VISIT” SOUTHERN AFRICA TWENTYFIVE YEARS ON
Authors: LICHTENSTEIN LEONIE 
Published: August 2005

Leonie Lichtenstein was born and educated in South Africa. She taught at schools and at the University of Witwatersrand and was for a period a full‐time organiser for the Liberal Party in South Africa. She lived in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) from 1957–1962, where she and her husband became involved in the struggle against white minority rule. She moved with her family to England in 1962 where she was a lecturer in English at Goldsmith's College, University of London, and also active in community relations and as a governor of schools and higher education colleges.In 1988 she returned to South Africa to give the keynote address to the Association of University English Teachers of South Africa on Literature and Politics. The present article stems from that visit. Soon after completing it, on 10 May 1989, she died suddenly and unexpectedly at the age of 58. She had completed a novel shortly before her death.
LOUISE DE LA VALLIERE AND THE BIRTH OF THE MAN‐MIDWIFE
Authors: Bancroft‐Livingston George 
Published: August 2005

Now, I'm sorry to say, At that time of day,The Court of Versailles was a little too gay;The Courtiers were all much addicted to Play,To Bourdeaux, Chambertin, Frontignac, St. Peray,Lafitte, Château Margaux, And Sillery (a cargo On which John Bull sensibly (?) lays an embargo),While Louis Quatorze Kept about him, in scores,What the Noblesse, in courtesy, term'd his ‘Jane Shores,’—They were called by a much coarser name out of doors.—This, we all must admit, in A King's not befitting!For such courses, when followed by persons of quality,Are apt to detract on the score of morality. Ingoldsby Legends:“The Black Mousquetaire”
Eleven‐year clinical outcome of schizophrenia in Bali
Authors: Kurihara T. , Kato M. , Reverger R. , Tirta I. G. R. 
Published: August 2005

Objective:  To contrast the short‐term and long‐term outcome of schizophrenia in Bali.Method:  The clinical outcomes of 46 schizophrenic patients (DSM‐IV‐TR) consecutively admitted to Bangli Mental Hospital were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Eguma's Social Adjustment Scale (ESAS) at a 11‐year follow‐up, which was subsequent to a 5‐year follow‐up.Results:  Neither the PANSS score nor the ESAS score were significantly different, and there was a significant correlation between the two follow‐up data. Subjects categorized into either the best or worst outcome group at the 5‐year follow‐up tended to be classified into the same category at the 11‐year follow‐up more often than those who were categorized into the medium outcome groups at the 5‐year follow‐up.Conclusion:  The 5‐year outcome of schizophrenia strongly predicted the 11‐year outcome, especially for subjects who had gone into either a remissive or severe deterioration state within 5 years.
Identification of Heterogeneous Aquifer Transmissivity Using an AE‐Based Method
Authors: Janković Igor , Fiori Aldo , Suribhatla Raghavendra , Dagan Gedeon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDetermination of hydraulic head, H, as a function of spatial coordinates and time, in ground water flow is the basis for aquifer management and for prediction of contaminant transport. Several computer codes are available for this purpose. Spatial distribution of the transmissivity, T(x,y), is a required input to these codes. In most aquifers, T varies in an erratic manner, and it can be characterized statistically in terms of a few moments: the expected value, the variance, and the variogram. Knowledge of these moments, combined with a few measurements, permits one to estimate T at any point using geostatistical methods. In a review of transmissivity data from 19 unconsolidated aquifers, Hoeksema and Kitanidis (1985) identified two types of the logtransmissivity Y= ln(T) variations: correlated variations with variance and correlation scale, IY, on the order of kilometers, and uncorrelated variations with variance . Direct identification of the logtransmissivity variogram, ΓY, from measurements is difficult because T data are generally scarce. However, many head measurements are commonly available. The aim of the paper is to introduce a methodology to identify the transmissivity variogram parameters (, IY, and ) using head data in formations characterized by large logtransmissivity variance. The identification methodology uses a combination of precise numerical simulations (carried out using analytic element method) and a theoretical model. The main objective is to demonstrate the application of the methodology to a regional ground water flow in Eagle Valley basin in west‐central Nevada for which abundant transmissivity and head measurements are available.
A Nested‐Cell Approach for In Situ Remediation
Authors: Luo Jian , Wu Weimin , Fienen Michael N. , Jardine Philip M. , Mehlhorn Tonia L. , Watson David B. , Cirpka Olaf A. , Criddle Craig S. , Kitanidis Peter K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe characterize the hydraulics of an extraction‐injection well pair in arbitrarily oriented regional flow by the recirculation ratio, area, and average residence time in the recirculation zone. Erratic regional flow conditions may compromise the performance of the reactor between a single well pair. We propose an alternative four‐well system: two downgradient extraction and two upgradient injection wells creating an inner cell nested within an outer cell. The outer cell protects the inner cell from the influence of regional flow. Compared to a two‐well system, the proposed four‐well system has several advantages: (1) the recirculation ratio within the nested inner cell is less sensitive to the regional flow direction; (2) a transitional recirculation zone between the inner and outer cells can capture flow leakage from the inner cell, minimizing the release of untreated contaminants; and (3) the size of the recirculation zone and residence times can be better controlled within the inner cell by changing the pumping rates. The system is applied at the Field Research Center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where experiments on microbial in situ reduction of uranium (VI) are under way.
Estimating Recharge Rates with Analytic Element Models and Parameter Estimation
Authors: Dripps W.R. , Hunt R.J. , Anderson M.P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractQuantifying the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge is usually a prerequisite for effective ground water flow modeling. In this study, an analytic element (AE) code (GFLOW) was used with a nonlinear parameter estimation code (UCODE) to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge using measured base flows as calibration targets. The ease and flexibility of AE model construction and evaluation make this approach well suited for recharge estimation. An AE flow model of an undeveloped watershed in northern Wisconsin was optimized to match median annual base flows at four stream gages for 1996 to 2000 to demonstrate the approach. Initial optimizations that assumed a constant distributed recharge rate provided good matches (within 5%) to most of the annual base flow estimates, but discrepancies of >12% at certain gages suggested that a single value of recharge for the entire watershed is inappropriate. Subsequent optimizations that allowed for spatially distributed recharge zones based on the distribution of vegetation types improved the fit and confirmed that vegetation can influence spatial recharge variability in this watershed. Temporally, the annual recharge values varied >2.5‐fold between 1996 and 2000 during which there was an observed 1.7‐fold difference in annual precipitation, underscoring the influence of nonclimatic factors on interannual recharge variability for regional flow modeling. The final recharge values compared favorably with more labor‐intensive field measurements of recharge and results from studies, supporting the utility of using linked AE–parameter estimation codes for recharge estimation.
Use of Sequential Filtration for Determining Transportable Lead in Ground Water
Authors: Bailey Renata , Marchesani Joseph , Marinucci Andrew C. , Reynard Jennifer , Sanders Paul 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study examines the effects of sequential filtration on the particle abundance and lead concentrations in ground water from four monitoring wells in New Jersey with a history of high turbidity, elevated metal concentrations, or where differences in metal concentrations exist between filtered and unfiltered samples. In these monitoring wells, both transportable suspended particles, such as colloidal particles that are suspended in solution, and nontransportable particles that are disturbed during sample collection but not considered mobile transportable species may be present in solution with potential overlap in particle size distribution. Filtration, particularly the operational pore size (25 to 0.45 μm) of the filter, was evaluated as a method to obtain a representative sample of the transportable metal, as defined by the dissolved phase and particles that are persistently suspended in solution. Two monitoring wells at the Denzer‐Schaefer site, a silty/clay aquifer with high particle concentrations (>8900 mg/L) from samples taken with bailers and a low‐flow purge (LFP) pump, showed that a filter of pore size 25 μm could remove 60% to 90% of soil‐derived particles, with minimal loss of suspended particles from solution. The two monitoring wells within the highly conductive Picatinny Arsenal sand aquifer provided higher particle abundance with the samples collected with bailers (4300 to 6500 mg/L) than with the LFP pump (4 to 11 mg/L), indicating greater artificial particle disruption with a bailer. At Picatinny Arsenal, the major portion of nontransportable particles in the ground water samples could be removed by filtration through a 25–μm pore size filter, with a minimal loss in suspended particles. Filtration of ground water through a 25–μm pore size filter followed by acidification at the sampling site would provide investigators a tool to examine particle transport in aquifers where there exists the potential for artificial particle disruption during sampling.