bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Importance of Age‐Adjustment Methods in Ecological Studies of Social Determinants of Mortality
Authors: Milyo Jeffrey , Mellor Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2003

Objective.To illustrate the potential sensitivity of ecological associations between mortality and certain socioeconomic factors to different methods of age‐adjustment.Data Sources.Secondary analysis employing state‐level data from several publicly available sources. Crude and age‐adjusted mortality rates for 1990 are obtained from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The Gini coefficient for family income and percent of persons below the federal poverty line are from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Putnam's (2000) Social Capital Index was downloaded fromhttp://www.bowlingalone.com; the Social Mistrust Index was calculated from responses to the General Social Survey, following the method described inKawachi et al. (1997). All other covariates are obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau.Study Design.We use least squares regression to estimate the effect of several state‐level socioeconomic factors on mortality rates. We examine whether these statistical associations are sensitive to the use of alternative methods of accounting for the different age composition of state populations. Following several previous studies, we present results for the case when only mortality rates are age‐adjusted. We contrast these results with those obtained from regressions of crude mortality on age variables.Principal Findings.Different age‐adjustment methods can cause a change in the sign or statistical significance of the association between mortality and various socioeconomic factors. When age variables are included as regressors, we find no significant association between mortality and either income inequality, minority racial concentration, or social capital.Conclusions.Ecological associations between certain socioeconomic factors and mortality may be extremely sensitive to different age‐adjustment methods.
Expression of CD14, CD16 and CD45RA on monocytes from periodontitis patients
Authors: Nagasawa T. , Kobayashi H. , Aramaki M. , Kiji M. , Oda S. , Izumi Y. 
Published: December 2003

Background and objective:  Peripheral blood monocytes are a heterogeneous population, with phenotypes that change on activation or differentiation. Most of the monocytes express lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, CD14 intensely, and do not express Fc gamma receptor III, CD16 (CD14++CD16– monocytes). But monocytes expressing CD16 with reduced CD14 (CD14+CD16+ monocytes) increase in inflammatory diseases as well as sepsis and bacteremia in hemodialysis patients. CD45RA is expressed on activated monocytes, and is regarded as an activation marker of peripheral blood monocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotypic and functional alteration of monocytes in periodontitis patients.Methods:  Peripheral blood was collected from 33 aggressive periodontitis patients (22 females, 11 males), 55 chronic periodontitis patients (35 females, 20 males) and 30 healthy subjects (16 females, 14 males), and the expression of CD14, CD16 and CD45RA on monocytes was determined using flow cytometry. The production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) by CD16+ and CD16– monocytes stimulated with LPS from Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was also examined using flow cytometry.Results:  The percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes was significantly increased in chronic periodontitis patients. Percentage of monocytes expressing CD45RA was significantly increased in aggressive periodontitis patients compared to healthy subjects. CD16+ and CD16– monocytes produced IL‐6 in response to LPS from E. coli and A. actinomycetemcomitans, and the percentage of IL‐6 producing cells was higher in CD16+ monocytes than CD16– monocytes, suggesting that CD14+CD16+ monocytes represent a hyper‐reactive phenotype.Conclusions:  The present study demonstrated that CD14+CD16+ monocytes and CD45RA+ monocytes were increased in chronic and aggressive periodontitis, respectively. These findings suggest that alteration of monocytes in periodontitis patients could be evaluated by monitoring the surface expression of CD14, CD16 and CD45RA on monocytes.
PHILIPPE NOZIÈRES: FEENBERG MEDALIST 2001: MICROSCOPIC AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE THEORY OF QUANTUM MANY-BODY SYSTEMS PHILIPPE NOZIÈRES REPLIES
Authors: LEGGETT A. J. , KROTSCHECK E. , NEGELE J. W. 
Published: December 2003

The Eighth Eugene Feenberg Medal is awarded to Philippe Nozières in recognition of his many pathbreaking contributions to many-body theory, including • His definitive work on the properties of the free electron gas, in particular in the region of realistic metallic densities, • his rigorous development of the theory of a normal Fermi liquid, which provided a firm microscopic foundation for the Landau theory, • his analysis of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of 3-He solid-liquid mixtures, • his exact solution to the X-ray edge problem, • his elegant formulation of the low-temperature solution to the single-channel Kondo problem in the language of Fermi-liquid theory, • his introduction of the many-channel problem as a new class of quantum impurity systems, and • his innovative work on the static and dynamic behavior of the liquid-solid interface.
Metabolic activity and water vapour absorption in the mealwormTenebrio molitorL. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): real-time measurements by two-channel microcalorimetry
Authors: Hansen Lars L. , Ramløv Hans , Westh Peter 
Published: December 2003

SUMMARYThis work describes a new calorimetric method in which the metabolic heat production and water exchange rates of an insect larva are measured simultaneously and in real time. The experimental set-up is based on two independent calorimetric cells, which are perfused by a stream of air at controlled relative humidity (RH). The resolution for metabolic heat flow and water flux is 1 μW and 5 μg h-1, respectively. The method was used to investigate water vapour absorption (WVA) in drought-stressed larvae of the common mealworm Tenebrio molitor. It was found that during exposure to a linear increment in RH of 3% per hour, the larvae initiated WVA upon passing a threshold value of 92.7±0.6%RH. The rate of water absorption subsequently increased to reach a maximal level of 86±6μg h-1, 10-15 h after passing the threshold value. Concomitantly, the RH in the calorimetric cell was reduced to 88.6±0.5%.The metabolic heat production of the larvae was 5-6 J h-1g-1 wet mass in the initial part of the experiment. However, this value doubled 2-3 h prior to the onset of WVA, when the RH had reached 88%. This increase in metabolic heat production gradually tapered off over the following 24 h of WVA, during which time WVA remained high. Animals exposed to RH protocols that did not induce WVA showed no such anomalies in metabolic heat flow. This may suggest that the increased metabolism reflects the preparation of the WVA apparatus. Finally, the method was used to quantify water losses in the microgram range associated with wriggling and tracheal ventilation.
Development of respiratory function in the American locustSchistocerca americana
Authors: Greenlee Kendra J. , Harrison Jon F. 
Published: December 2003

SUMMARYWe hypothesized that oxygen delivery becomes more difficult for insects and tracheate arthropods as they progress throughout an intermolt period. During this time, body mass can more than double, yet the major tracheae and spiracles cannot be increased in size until molting. Also, tissue growth could compress air sacs used for convective gas exchange. To test these possibilities, we investigated the effect of within-instar growth on respiratory parameters, including CO2 emission rate, ventilation frequency, tidal volume and critical oxygen partial pressure(PO) for first-, third- and fifth-instar juveniles and adults of the American locust Schistocerca americana. We found that late-stage grasshoppers tended to have 40% higher total CO2emission rates but 15% lower mass-specific CO2 emission rates and 35% higher ventilation frequencies than early-stage animals. Maximal tracheal system conductance decreased by 20-33% at the end of an instar, possibly due to compression of air sacs. In addition, animals nearing the end of an instar had higher critical PO values for abdominal pumping, and late-stage adults had 50% lower tidal volumes, suggesting that increases in tissue mass throughout an instar may hinder the ability of animals to breathe deeply. Late-stage adults had lower critical PO values for CO2 emission, although this pattern was not found in any juvenile instars, indicating that late-stage juveniles compensate for decreased conductance by increasing ventilation frequency or the use of diffusive gas exchange. Our data suggest that late-stage arthropods are more vulnerable to hypoxia and may have reduced aerobic capacities and lower tissue PO s than early-stage arthropods.
Effects of leucokinin-VIII onAedesMalpighian tubule segments lacking stellate cells
Authors: Yu Ming-Jiun , Beyenbach Klaus W. 
Published: December 2003

SUMMARYThe diuretic peptide leucokinin is known to increase fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti by increasing a transepithelial Cl- conductance. The present study sought to examine whether stellate cells provided this transepithelial conductance in Aedes Malpighian tubules as they do in Drosophila Malpighian tubules. Aedes Malpighian tubule segments with and without stellate cells were perfused in vitro for measurements of the transepithelial voltage (Vt),resistance (Rt) and Cl- diffusion potentials(DPCl). In 11 tubule segments containing both principal cells and stellate cells, 1 μmol l-1 leucokinin-VIII added to the peritubular bath immediately and significantly decreased Vt from 39.3±14.3 mV to 2.3±0.7 mV,decreased Rt from 12.4±2.6 kΩcm to 2.4±0.3 kΩcm, and increased DPCl from 8.2±1.2 mV to 42.1±5.4 mV. These effects of leucokinin-VIII were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in six tubule segments containing no stellate cells; Vt decreased from 37.8±7.0 mV to 3.4±0.6 mV, Rt decreased from 8.8±2.1 kΩcm to 1.7±0.2 kΩcm, and DPClincreased from 5.8±2.6 mV to 50.0±2.1 mV. Thus, stellate cells are not required for signaling or mediating the effects of leucokinin in Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti. The results further support previous observations that principal cells signal the effects of leucokinin to increase the Cl- conductance of the paracellular pathway through septate (or tight) junctions.
Future migratory behaviour predicted from premigratory levels of gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity in individual wild brown trout(Salmo trutta)
Authors: Nielsen Christian , Aarestrup Kim , Nørum Ulrik , Madsen Steffen S. 
Published: December 2003

SUMMARY
The relationship between premigratory gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, determined at two dates during spring, and future migratory behaviour was investigated using non-lethal gill biopsies and PIT-tagging in wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) from two tributaries. No significant relationship between future migratory strategy(individuals eventually becoming migrants or residents) and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was found in late February–early March. By contrast, in mid-April, a highly significant logistic regression equation identifying the migratory strategy in 93% of the 75 individuals was obtained. The ability of this regression model from the tributaries to predict future migratory behaviour in an independent group of trout caught in early April in the mainstream was evaluated. A threshold probability of migration was used to predict the behaviour of the mainstream individuals as either future migrants or residents. The maximum percentage of correct predictions of future migratory behaviour in mainstream fish was observed at threshold probabilities between approximately 0.15 and 0.45(corresponding to threshold gill Na+/K+-ATPase activities between 2.7 and 3.7 μmol ADP mg–1 protein h–1), with an average of 91% of the predictions being correct. The present study shows that a non-lethal premigratory biochemical measurement can successfully select individual brown trout with high probability of migration.
Surface Acidity of Cesium Hydrogen Salts of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Characterized by Low-Temperature CO Adsorption
Authors: Saito Takaya , Koyano Gaku , Misono Makoto 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The surface acidity of cesium hydrogen salts of 12-tungstophosphoric acid, CsxH3−xPW12O40 (Csx; x = 2 - 3), has been characterized by FT-IR measurements of the low-temperature adsorption of CO. In the region of the CO stretching, CO adsorbed on H+ (2165 cm−1) and CO on Cs+ (2154 cm−1) were distinguished. The relative intensity of 2165 cm−1 band to 2154 cm−1 band increased linearly with the formal H+/Cs+ ratio, (3−x)/x. The integrated intensity of 2165 cm−1 changed in parallel with the catalytic activity for the surface-type reactions.
Absolute Stereochemistry and CD Spectra of Resolved Enantiomers of the Colored Form of a Photochromic Dithienylethene
Authors: Yokoyama Yasushi , Hosoda Naoya , Osano Yasuko T , Sasaki Chizuko 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The colored form of photochromic 1,2-bis(5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-3-thienyl)hexafluorocyclopentene was resolved into enantiomers by HPLC. The absolute stereochemistry of an enantiomer was determined on its bis(4-chlorobenzoate). The CD spectra and optical rotation of the resolved colored form were measured.
Isolation and Molecular Structure of Persilyalated [5]Radialene: Intramolecular Cyclization of a Macrocyclic Pentayne with Mn(CO)3(Me-Cp)
Authors: Matsuo Tsukasa , Fure Hidetoshi , Sekiguchi Akira 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Persilyl-substituted [5]radialene (2) was isolated as orange crystals by the intramolecular cyclization of 3,3,6,6,8,8,11,11,14,14,16,16,19,19,21,21-hexade camethyl-3,6,8,11,14,16,19,21-octasilacyclohenicosa-1,4,9,12,17-pentayne (1) with an excess molar amount of [Mn(CO)3(Me-Cp)] by irradiation (λ &gt; 300 nm) under reflux in THF. The molecular structure and properties of the persilyated [5]radialene 2 are described.
Solvothermal Preparation of Silver Chalcogenides Ag2E (E = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Yu Shu-Hong , Han Zhao-Hui , Yang Jian , Yang Ru-Yi , Xie Yi , Qian Yi-Tai 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Well crystallized silver chalcogenides were synthesized by a solvothermal reaction of silver oxalate Ag2C2O4 with chalcogens in organic solvents at relatively low temperature (140 °C-180 °C). It was found that both solvents and temperature have significant influence on the synthesis of silver chalcogenides.
Effect of Support Texture on Enantioselective Hydrogenation of (E)-α-Phenylcinnamic Acid with Cinchonidine-Modified Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Nitta Yuriko , Okamoto Yasuaki 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The texture of support materials has decisive influence on the behavior of cinchonidine-modified palladium catalysts in the enantioselective hydrogenation of (E)-α-phenylcinnamic acid, which suggests an important role of pore diffusion in the determination of the selectivity. Palladium metal particles located in micropores of the support have detrimental effect; nonporous ultra fine materials are preferable.
Remarkable Addition Effect of In and Ga in the NO-CO Reaction over Pd/SiO2
Authors: Naito Shuichi , Hasebe Tohoru , Miyao Toshihiro 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Addition of In or Ga to Pd/SiO2 accelerated the rate of NO-CO reaction dramatically, and N2O and CO2 were formed steadily even at room temperature. XRD measurements revealed that a Pd-In intermetallic compound plays an important role. The ensemble effect of In atoms weakened the adsorption of CO and NO, which may open a new reaction route for N2O formation.
Preparation of a New π-Conjugated Polymer Chelating Ligand, Poly(2,2′-bipyridimidine-5,5′-diyl), and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Hayashida Naoki , Maruyama Tsukasa , Kubota Kenji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A New π-conjugated chelating polymer ligand, poly(2,2′-bipyrimidine-5,5′-diyl), with a molecular weight higher than 1800 has been prepared. The polymeric ligand forms complexes with Ru(bpy)22+ and Os(bpy)22+.
Crystal Structures and Conducting Properties of PF6 and AsF6 Salts of a Novel Benzo[c]furan-Extended Donor: The Role of Inter-Column Interactions
Authors: Takahashi Kazuko , Ise Toshihiro , Mori Takehiko , Mori Hatsumi , Tanaka Shoji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The PF6 and AsF6 salts of a new benzo[c]furan-extended donor have been prepared. It has been clarified that the inter-column interactions connecting the tetrameric donor columns play an important role in the conduction of these salts.
Photochemistry and Absolute Stereochemistry of Unique Chiral Olefins, trans- and cis-1,1′,2,2′,3,3′,4,4′-Octahydro-3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-biphenanthrylidenes
Authors: Koumura Nagatoshi , Harada Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Photochemistry of unique chiral olefins, (3R,3′R)-(P,P)-(E)-(−)-1,1′,2,2′,3,3′,4,4′-octahydro-3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-biphenanthrylidene 3 and its isomers (3R,3′R)-(P,P)-(Z)-(+)-4 and (3R,3′R)-(M,M)-(E)-(+)-5, was studied and the absolute stereostructure of (+)-5 was determined by X-ray crystallographic and chemical correlation studies.
Be Careful When You Want to Use Buffers in Aqueous Solutions of Cyclodextrins. Effect of Buffers on the Formation Constants of 3-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoic Acid with β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Yi Zhengping , Huang Zhengzi , Yu Junsheng , Chen Huilan 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Formation constants of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid with β-cyclodextrin were determined in aqueous solutions without and with almost all the buffers usually used by steady-state fluorescence Benesi-Hildebrand method. The results show that buffers have influence on the formation constants and we suggest that buffers should no be used in aqueous solutions of cyclodextrins unless the experimental error is unacceptable.
Formation and Structure of Mixed Quaternary Chelates with Late-Lanthanide Metal Ions
Authors: Hayashi Katsura , Nagao Noriharu , Harada Kazumasa , Haga Masa-aki , Fukuda Yutaka 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
We have newly obtained two series of late-lanthanide metal complexes with three different kinds of chelating ligands (quaternary system), [Ln(dike)3−n(NO3)n(terpy)] where Ln(III) = Er(III) or Yb(III), dike = β-diketonate such as acetylacetonate (acac) or 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfac), and terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine; n = 2 (for acac) or 1 (for hfac). Crystal structures for the Yb(III) complexes show that in both series the pentagonal plane around the central Yb3+ ion with terpy and one dike ligand is formed. The other chelating ligands coordinate up and down from the plane to form totally 9 coordination around Yb3+.
New Clay-Supported Chiral Rhodium Complexes: Interlayer Modification with Structural Tuning Guests and Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Sento Tadashi , Shimazu Shogo , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Uematsu Takayoshi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The novel host-guest catalysts, in which a chiral rhodium complex was intercalated into structural tuning guests modified smectites, were synthesized, and drastic change in catalysis was observed depending on the orientation of guest molecules.
Catalytic Activity for Methanol Synthesis over a Copper-Lanthanide Oxide Complex System Prepared from a Copper-Lanthanide Complex Oxide of Cu6O8Yb(NO3)
Authors: Sakata Yoshihisa , Nobukuni Satoshi , Hashimoto Taiji , Takahashi Fumiyoshi , Imamura Hayao , Tsuchiya Susumu 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
High catalytic performance for methanol production from CO and H2 was confirmed over copper-lanthanide oxide binary catalyst which was prepared from a characteristic copper-lanthanide complex oxide of Cu6O8Ln(NO3). The catalyst exhibited high activity from lower temperatures compared with copper-zinc catalyst systems under the same condition.
Anion Exchange between Sulfate Ion and Hydrogenphosphate Ion to Form Mesoporous Zirconium-Phosphorus Complex Oixde
Authors: Wu Peng , Iwamoto Masakazu 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Formation of zirconium-phosphorus complex oxide with stable hexagonal pore structure has been clarified to result from anion exchange of HPO42− ions for SO42− ions in surfactant-assisted zirconium oxide during phosphoric acid treatment.
Electromotive Force Measurement for an Iron-Oxygen Cell in High Magnetic Field
Authors: Shinohara Kenji , Aogaki Ryoichi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Using iron-oxygen reaction in sodium chloride solution, a new type of electrochemical cell operated by high magnetic field was fabricated. The electromotive force (EMF) of this cell reached about 8 mV. This value was about 100 times larger than expected by the magnetic energy.
Interfacial Recognition between Reconstituted Myoglobin Having Charged Binding Domain and Electron Acceptor via Electrostatic Interaction
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Tomokuni Atsushi , Mizutani Tadashi , Hisaeda Yoshio , Ogoshi Hisanobu 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Myoglobins reconstituted with synthetic zinc porphyrins having multiple carboxylic acid or alkylamine groups bound to the terminal of peripheral side chains can bind cationic methyl viologen or anionic hexacyanoferrate, respectively, via electrostatic interaction, where the distribution of the charged amino acid residues on the myoglobin surface has an influence on complex formation between the protein and its partner.
Ladder-Type Phthalocyanine Conductor, [PXX][Co(Pc)(CN)2] (PXX = peri-xanthenoxanthene, Co(Pc)(CN)2 = dicyano(phthalocyaninato)cobalt(III))
Authors: Takano Susumu , Naito Toshio , Inabe Tamotsu 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of PXX and [Co(Pc)(CN)2]− in acetonitrile gives a highly conducting crystal containing two-leg ladder chains of the partially oxidized Co(Pc)(CN)2 units. The doubling of the one-dimensional chains makes the electrical properties quite different from those in the single chain conductor.
High Enantioselectivity in the Electron Transfer Reaction between a Ru(II) Complex of Menbpy Anion Radical, [Ru(menbpy)3]+ [menbpy = 4,4′-di{(1R,2S,5R)-(−)-menthoxycarbonyl}-2,2′-bipyridine] and [Co(acac)3]: A Pulse Radiolysis Study
Authors: Hamada Taisuke , Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Brunschwig Bruce S , Fujita Etsuko , Wishart James F 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
One-electron reduction of [Ru(menbpy)3]2+ [menbpy = 4,4′-di{(1R,2S,5R)-(−)-menthoxycarbonyl}-2,2′-bipyridine] by pulse radiolysis produces a Ru(II) complex of a menbpy-centered anion radical, which reduces Δ-[Co(acac)3] more rapidly than Λ-[Co(acac)3] with an enantioselectivity of 2.7 in 85% EtOH/H2O.
Synthesis of Dihydropyrroles by the Intramolecular Addition of Alkylideneaminyl Radicals Generated from O-2,4-Dinitrophenyloximes of γ,δ-Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Uchiyama Katsuya , Hayashi Yujiro , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Alkylideneaminyl radicals are generated from O-2,4-dinitrophenyloximes of γ,δ-unsaturated ketones by treatment with NaH and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol. The resulting radical species successively add to the olefinic moiety intramolecularly to afford 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrroles.
Oxidation of Cyclohexane with Molecular Oxygen Efficiently Catalyzed by Di-Iron(III)-Substituted Silicotungstate, γ-SiW10{Fe(OH2)}2O386−, Including Radical-chain Mechanism
Authors: Nozaki Chika , Misono Makoto , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The tetrabutylammonium salt of γ-SiW10{Fe(OH2)}2O386− showed high turnover number of 135-147 for the oxidation of cyclohexane with 1 atm molecular oxygen and the value is of the highest level among silicotungstates with various iron contents and other catalysts reported. Results obtained with radical initiator and scavenger, and the selectivity for oxygenation of adamantane suggest that the reaction involves a radical-chain path.