bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Results of a Chemoimmunotherapy Regimen of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab As Initial Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Keating Michael J. , O’Brien Susan , Albitar Maher , Lerner Susan , Plunkett William , Giles Francis , Andreeff Michael , Cortes Jorge , Faderl Stefan , Thomas Deborah , Koller Charles , Wierda William , Detry Michelle A. , Lynn Alice , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: March 2005

Purpose Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC), which are active in treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), are synergistic with the monoclonal antibody rituximab in vitro in lymphoma cell lines. A chemoimmunotherapy program consisting of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) was developed with the goal of increasing the complete remission (CR) rate in previously untreated CLL patients to ≥ 50%. Patients and Methods We conducted a single-arm study of FCR as initial therapy in 224 patients with progressive or advanced CLL. Flow cytometry was used to measure residual disease. Results and safety were compared with a previous regimen using FC. Results The median age was 58 years; 75 patients (33%) had Rai stage III to IV disease. The CR rate was 70% (95% CI, 63% to 76%), the nodular partial remission rate was 10%, and the partial remission rate was 15%, for an overall response rate of 95% (95% CI, 92% to 98%). Two thirds of patients evaluated with flow cytometry had less than 1% CD5- and CD19-coexpressing cells in bone marrow after therapy. Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia occurred during 52% of courses; major and minor infections were seen in 2.6% and 10% of courses, respectively. One third of the 224 patients had ≥ one episode of infection, and 10% had a fever of unknown origin. Conclusion FCR produced a high CR rate in previously untreated CLL. Most patients had no detectable disease on flow cytometry at the end of therapy. Time to treatment failure analysis showed that 69% of patients were projected to be failure free at 4 years (95% CI, 57% to 81%).
Leaflet geometry extraction and parametric representation of a pericardial artificial heart valve
Authors: Jiang Hongjun , Campbell G , Canas R 
Published: March 2005

Reverse engineering technology was used to reconstruct the complex leaflet geometry of a commercial pericardial valve in our study. Results show that the three-dimensional computer-aided design model of the leaflet surface can be rendered by fitting the surface either to cloud points or by a group of B-splines fitted to a set of cloud points that had been obtained by the process of laser-scanning digitizing. However, an acceptable smooth surface is usually not guaranteed and additional manipulation is required. An alternative method is introduced in this paper, which involves the fitting of an equation to the leaflet geometry to create a smooth surface. The geometrical profile of a pericardial artificial heart valve was scanned using a laser digitizing system. The leaflet profile is represented as a set of cloud points. A quadric surface is fitted to a set of unique points, which were located on the set of cloud points. A mathematical equation is obtained by solving a least-squares fit. The geometry of the fitted leaflet surface has been proven to be closely represented by an elliptical hyperboloid. The quadratic equations of the leaflet curvatures, calculated along both the circumferential and the radial directions, resulted in simple hyperbolic curvatures. The advantages of using elliptical hyperboloid geometry for the leaflet surface are discussed and compared with other types of conicoid geometries. The concepts of parametric representation of the leaflet geometry and parametric design for leaflets are discussed. A smooth surface without inflection points and with an adjustable surface area suitable for a series of stent sizes with incremented diameters is created by this method of a single parametric design. Finally, a generic method to apply the geometry extraction and parametric representation to most pericardial heart valve prostheses was discussed. The application to valves with natural shape was introduced, challenges were identified, and a technical solution was proposed.
Korean American Economy and Society
Authors: Abelmann Nancy 
Published: March 2005

Changes and Conflicts: Korean Immigrant Families in New York. Pyong Gap Min. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1998.134pp.The Korean American Dream: Immigrants and Small Business in New York City. Kyeyoung Park. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.228 pp.On My Own: Korean Businesses and Race Relations in America. In‐Jin Yoon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.274 pp.
The Hernando de Soto Expedition: History, Historiography, and "Discovery" in the Southeast; Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun: Hernando de Soto and the South's Ancient Chiefdoms
Authors: Sabo George 
Published: March 2005

The Hernando de Soto Expedition: History, Historiography, and "Discovery" in the Southeast. Patricia Galloway. ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.458 pp.Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun: Hernando de Soto and the South's Ancient Chiefdoms. Charles Hudson. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1997.562 pp.
Mind, Culture, and Activity: Seminal Papers from the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition.; Handbook of Human Symbolic Evolution
Authors: Prost Jack H. 
Published: March 2005

Mind, Culture, and Activity: Seminal Papers from the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition. Michael Cole. Yrjo Engestrom. and Olga Vasquez. eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.502 pp.Handbook of Human Symbolic Evolution. Andrew Lock and Charles R. Peters. eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.906 pp.
When 90% confidence intervals are 50% certain: on the credibility of credible intervals
Authors: Teigen Karl Halvor , JØrgensen Magne 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEstimated confidence intervals for general knowledge items are usually too narrow. We report five experiments showing that people have much less confidence in these intervals than dictated by the assigned level of confidence. For instance, 90% intervals can be associated with an estimated confidence of 50% or less (and still lower hit rates). Moreover, interval width appears to remain stable over a wide range of instructions (high and low numeric and verbal confidence levels). This leads to a high degree of overconfidence for 90% intervals, but less for 50% intervals or for free choice intervals (without an assigned degree of confidence). To increase interval width one may have to ask exclusion rather than inclusion questions, for instance by soliciting ‘improbable’ upper and lower values (Experiment 4), or by asking separate ‘more than’ and ‘less than’ questions (Experiment 5). We conclude that interval width and degree of confidence have different determinants, and cannot be regarded as equivalent ways of expressing uncertainty. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indications for anti‐solar differential rotation of giant stars
Authors: Weber M. , Strassmeier K. G. , Washuettl A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObservational evidence of anti‐solar differential rotation of K‐type giant stars is presented. Time‐series Doppler imaging based on 70 nights of spectroscopic data was used to derive the spot evolution of the stellar surfaces. The relative differential rotation parameters (α) of the binary stars IMPeg, HD208472, and HKLac were obtained using two techniques, cross‐correlation analysis and the sheared‐image method. Additionally, two previously published single giant stars are revisited and qualitatively compared to recent theoretical models. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of 6,6‐Dialkyl‐4,8‐dioxo‐5,7‐dioxaspiro [2.5]octane‐1,1,2,2‐tetracarbonitriles and 2,2,3,3‐Tetracyanocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid.
Authors: Kayukova O. V. , Kayukov Ya. S. , Nikolaev A. N. , Nasakin O. E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aziridine Sulfides and Disulfides as Catalysts for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Braga Antonio L. , Milani Priscila , Paixao Marcio W. , Zeni Gilson , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Alves Elenilson F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis of New 2H‐Pyrimido‐[4,5‐e][1,2,4]triazin‐3‐ylidenecyanamides.
Authors: Lee Ill Young , Kim Sang Yo , Lee Jin Young , Yu Chan‐Mo , Lee Duck Hyung , Gong Young‐Dae 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of a New Class of Potential Antiatherosclerosis Agents: NO‐Donor Antioxidants.
Authors: Cena Clara , Boschi Donatella , Tron Gian Cesare , Chegaev Kostantin , Lazzarato Loretta , Di Stilo Antonella , Aragno Manuela , Fruttero Roberta , Gasco Alberto 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Genetic locus half baked is necessary for morphogenesis of the ectoderm
Authors: McFarland Karen N. , Warga Rachel M. , Kane Donald A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe zebrafish epiboly mutants partially block epiboly, the vegetalward movement of the blastoderm around the giant yolk cell. Here, we show that the epiboly mutations are located near the centromere of Linkage Group 7 in a single locus, termed the half baked locus. Nevertheless, except for the similar mutants lawine and avalanche, we find the epiboly traits of each of the alleles to be distinguishable, forming an allelic series. Using in situ analysis, we show that the specification and the formation of the germ layers is unaffected. However, during early gastrulation, convergence movements are slowed in homozygous and zygotic maternal dominant (ZMD) heterozygous mutants, especially in the epiblast layer of the blastoderm. Using triple‐mutant analysis with squint and cyclops, we show that ablating involution and hypoblast formation in hab has no effect on the epiboly phenotype on the ventral and lateral sides of the embryo, suggesting that the hypoblast has no role in epiboly. Moreover, the triple mutant enhances the depletion of cells on the dorsal side of the embryo, consistent with the idea that convergence movements are defective. Double‐mutant analysis with one‐eyed pinhead reveals that hab is necessary in the ectodermal portion of the hatching gland. In ZMD heterozygotes, in addition to the slowing of epiboly, morphogenesis of the neural tube is abnormal, with gaps forming in the midline during segmentation stages; later, ectopic rows of neurons form in the widened spinal cord and hindbrain. Cell transplantation reveals that half baked acts both autonomously and nonautonomously in interactions among cells of the forming neural tube. Together, these results suggest that half baked is necessary within the epiblast for morphogenesis during both epiboly and neurulation and suggest that the mechanisms that drive epiboly possess common elements with those that underlie convergence and extension. Developmental Dynamics 233:390–406, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation and Reaction of Ammonium Ylides in Basic Two‐Phase Systems
Authors: Kowalkowska Anna , Suchołbiak Dorota , Jończyk Andrzej 
Published: March 2005

AbstractReaction of the quaternary ammonium salts 2a–i with electrophilic alkenes 3, active alkylating agents 7 or aromatic aldehydes 11, carried out in basic two‐phase systems A–D, afforded cyclopropanes 4, cyanoalkenes 8 or cyanooxiranes 12 respectively, via the corresponding ammonium ylides 2+ –. The method is very simple, and gives cyclopropanes 4 and cyanoalkenes 8 in high yield. Under similar conditions, 1‐cyanodienes 8aa,ba were cyclopropanated at the γ,δ‐double bond with formation of vinylcyclopropanes 9a,b. The stereochemistry of the prepared cyclopropanes was elucidated from literature, 1H NMR spectroscopic data, NOE experiments or X‐ray single crystal analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Highly Fluorinated Sulfimides and Sulfoximides as Functional Building Blocks for Materials Science
Authors: Kirsch Peer , Lenges Marc , Kühne Daniel , Wanczek Karl‐Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSeveral examples of highly fluorinated sulfimides and sulfoximides have been synthesized in order to assess their potential usefulness as functional materials, such as liquid crystals or as active components in molecular electronics. The polarity of liquid crystals with these types of functional groups was lower than expected, due to conformational effects. A new synthetic method provides a convenient access to N,S,S‐triaryl sulfimides and sulfoximides, which were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Vascular endothelial growth factor and enhanced angiogenesis do not promote metastatic conversion of a newly established azoxymethane‐induced colon cancer cell line
Authors: Belinsky Glenn S. , Claffey Kevin P. , Nambiar Prashant R. , Guda Kishore , Rosenberg Daniel W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe organo‐specific carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM), produces colon tumors in mice that share many pathological features with sporadic human colorectal cancer (CRC). An important distinction between AOM‐induced CRC and human CRC is lack of mucosal invasion in the murine model. To assess the role of the microenvironment in preventing the invasive phenotype, multiple benign in situ adenocarcinomas were harvested from AOM‐treated mice and cultured in vitro. However, tumor cell growth was extremely limiting under standard culturing conditions. Thus, we injected tumor cells directly into nude mice and performed two serial transplants, and successfully explanted a rapidly growing epithelial tumor cell line (AJ02nm0). When injected subcutaneously (sc) into nude mice, AJ02nm0 cells formed well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas with minimal tumor invasive capacity. To define whether metastatic and invasive potential were related to lack of angiogenic stimuli, the AJ02nm0 cells were transfected to overexpress murine vascular endothelial growth factor‐164 (VEGF164). AJ02nm‐VEGF cells produced rapidly growing tumors in nude mice that exhibited extensive pseudo‐epithelial ductal architecture and supporting vasculature, but without increased invasive potential compared to controls. The established murine colon epithelial cell line provides a useful experimental model to further elaborate genetic and epigenetic factors that may promote or inhibit colon tumorigenesis and metastasis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained engraftment post bone marrow transplant despite anti‐platelet antibodies in Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Authors: Flood Veronica H. , Johnson F. Leonard , Boshkov Lynn K. , Thomas Gregory A. , Nugent Diane J. , Bakke Antony C. , Nicholson H. Stacy , Tilford David , Brown Mary P. , Godder Kamar T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) have normal platelet counts but abnormal platelet aggregation and carry the risk of life‐threatening bleeding. We report three patients who received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for type I GT and discuss the risk and management of anti‐platelet antibodies.Patients and ResultsDiagnosis of GT was made through abnormal platelet aggregation studies or the absence of GPIIb/IIIa by flow cytometry. All patients had severe bleeding requiring multiple red blood cell transfusions. One patient received an unrelated donor transplant and two received matched sibling donor transplants following conditioning therapy with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and fludarabine. Two patients developed an anti‐platelet antibody, treated in one with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). Engraftment of white blood cells and platelets was achieved on day +13 to +14 and +17 to +25, respectively. Complete donor chimerism and GPIIb/IIIa+ platelets are sustained at +22 to +30 months post transplant.ConclusionsIn summary, patients with GT and history of severe hemorrhage can be cured with BMT, but the presence of anti‐platelet antibodies should be sought and platelet transfusions minimized prior to transplant. IVIG may be helpful in cases of refractory immune thrombocytopenia related to anti‐platelet antibodies. Improvement in transplant‐related complications with current transplant regimens allows consideration of BMT for life‐threatening non‐malignant disorders such as GT. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Profiling Hospital Performance of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Based on the Administrative Data of Four Teaching Hospitals in Japan
Authors: Hirose Masahiro , Imanaka Yuichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Sekimoto Miho , Harada Yoshiaki , Kuwabara Kazuaki , Hayashida Kenshi , Oh Eun‐Hwan , Evans S. Edward 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOver the last decade in Japan, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has replaced traditional open cholecystectomy as the standard of elective surgery for cholelithiasis. The laparoscopic approach has a clinical course relatively easier to standardize among the different types of intraabdominal surgery. However, significant practice variation is suspected in Japan, but there has been little demonstration or discussion based on empirical data. Through the analysis of 1589 elective LC cases from four leading teaching hospitals in Japan between 1996 and 2000, this study aims to demonstrate the surgical variations and to investigate their determinants regarding the length of hospital stay and the health care charge. Substantially and significantly large variation existed among the hospitals in terms of the length of hospital stay and the total health care charge, even after the differences in patient factors were adjusted. Particularly, the combined drug and exam charge per day was strikingly different among the four hospitals, which indicated that the daily process also varied widely, as did the total course of inpatient care. In addition, intra‐hospital variation was also remained very large even after adjusting for all the potential correlates studied. This study alarmingly points out great room for improvement in the efficiency of health care resource use and potentially in the quality of care through standardization of LC. It has serious implications for the national policy and individual providers under the on‐going health care reforms directed toward higher efficiency and quality.
The Social, Economic and Political Issues Surrounding Employers' Liability Insurance in the UK
Authors: HOOD JOHN 
Published: March 2005

It has long been recognised in both the UK and in other countries that society has an obligation to compensate workers who are injured or who suffer ill health through the course of their employment. The most common means of society ensuring this is by government legislation requiring employers to fund a variety of insurance schemes.This article explores the situation which has recently prevailed in the UK. The system of insurance which has historically dealt with the question of an employer's liability to pay compensation has been in a state of turmoil, and a diverse range of stakeholders have called upon the government to act. The article analyses the various suggestions made, considers the merits of other national systems and evaluates the government's response. It concludes with the view that government inaction is likely to present them with an even greater crisis.
The Origins of Central America's Civil Wars
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter discusses the origins of civil wars in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala, and U.S. involvement in Central America. The Spanish conquest in the early 16th century established a feudal economic system that led to widespread inequality, poverty, and conflict between wealthy landowners and the poor masses. These conditions erupted into civil wars in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala. The US, fearing the spread of communism, backed a series of military regimes and dictatorships in these countries.
Leadership and the Formation of Solidarity
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the leadership ability of missionaries in the Central American solidarity movement. Missionaries were entrepreneurial in their ability to use their organizing skills, cultural knowledge, and institutional connections to bring together people from various regions and social strata. They were effective leaders in the movement because they were bilingual and bicultural, had moral credibility, and had ties to networks in both North America and Central America.
Biography and Recruitment Receptivity
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter explores the biographies of some missionaries who joined the Central American solidarity movement. Part of the success of these missionaries in building a solidarity movement was attributed to the fact that a segment of the North American churchgoing population was open and amenable to their appeals. These Christians were receptive because religious values made them subjectively engageable. Those who were highly responsive had similar biographical experiences that created a moral focus on peace and justice concerns.
Martyr Stories
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe story of the assassination of Archbishop Oscar Romero in El Salvador in 1980 became a powerful recruitment tool for missionaries, and helped mobilize efforts to stop American support for the military regime responsible for his death. This chapter explores how the archbishop’s story helped build a solidarity movement. Martyr stories provided missionaries with an effective means to educate audiences about Central America’s socio-economic and political problems, enabled them to politicise familiar Christian themes to elicit solidarity and support for the movement, and provided emotional and moral resources that gave people the courage and motivation to embark on risky forms of activism.
Making Politics Personal
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe transnational nature of the Central American solidarity movement required missionaries to use different techniques to make the region’s problems visible and relevant to North Americans. One way was to provide people with firsthand experience by taking them to Central America. Solidarity leaders also arranged face-to-face meetings between Salvadoran and Guatemalan refugees and faith communities in the U.S.
Introduction
Authors: Ignazi Piero 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis introductory chapter begins with an overview of the evolution of extreme right parties in Western Europe since the 1980s. It highlights the emergence of new extreme right parties that do not share any commitment to neo-fascism, but rather are anti-system as they undermine the democratic system’s legitimacy through their discourse and actions. They also respond to the needs generated by post-industrial society that traditional parties have failed to address.
Meanings and Varieties of the Right
Authors: Ignazi Piero 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter explores the Left-Right dichotomy and the meaning of the term ‘Right.’ It discusses how the terms Left and Right entered the political domain, and concludes that the changing paradigm of the political space reinforces the Left-Right divide rather than marginalizing it. It argues that ‘images’ of the Right have multiple facets at the mass public level, while different styles of thought of the Right have appeared in the realm of political ideologies.
France: Prototype of the New Extreme Right
Authors: Ignazi Piero 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis chapter explores the development of the extreme right in France. It discusses the rise of the Front National (FN), the political party perceived by other parties and its own voters and cadres as being the right extreme of the right-left continuum. It is argued that the extreme right has fallen back to its tradition of fragmentation and internal quarrels. The two parties pursue diverging strategies, confrontational for the FN and bargaining-oriented for the Mouvement National Republicain. However, none of these have produced results.