bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion of flightless adults of the Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis, in greenhouses containing cucumbers infested with the aphid Aphis gossypii: effect of the presence of conspecific larvae
Authors: Gil Lionel , Ferran André , Gambier Jacques , Pichat Sandrine , Boll Roger , Salles Michelle 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMost females of the Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), stop laying eggs if conspecific larvae are present. We studied the effect of this inhibition on the dispersion of this insect in a greenhouse containing cucumbers uniformly infested with the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). In the absence of conspecific larvae, the adults moved around at random, sinuously, and independently. They spent most of their time walking on the ground and only a little time on the aphid‐infested plants. When the cucumber plants in one half of the greenhouse had conspecific larvae on them, the whole adult population migrated to the larva‐free half of the greenhouse. Consequently, most eggs were laid in that part of the greenhouse which was devoid of larvae. The consequences of this spatio‐temporal interaction between larvae and adults for the biological control of aphids is discussed.
Male‐killing Wolbachia in the butterfly Hypolimnas bolina
Authors: Mitsuhashi Wataru , Fukuda Haruo , Nicho Kazunari , Murakami Ritsuko 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSome lines of the butterfly Hypolimnas bolina L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are characterized by their female‐biased sex ratio. In these lines, most males die before reaching the middle larval stage. However, the cause of the bias remains unclear. We detected the proteobacterium Wolbachia in all individuals in the female‐biased butterfly lines and in some of the lines with a normal sex ratio. Tetracycline treatment of adult females of a female‐biased line led to a significant increase in both the hatch rate of their eggs (F1) and the male‐to‐female ratio of F1 pupae. In addition, certain assays of tetracycline treatment on mother butterflies significantly increased the male to female ratio of F1 adults. Known bacterial sex ratio distorters other than Wolbachia were not detected by diagnostic PCR assay, nor by the sequencing of 16S rDNA amplified using general prokaryotic 16S rDNA primers. These results strongly suggest that the distortion of the sex ratio is due to the killing of males by the inherited Wolbachia. Sequences of the 16S rDNA amplified using Wolbachia‐specific primers, the cell division protein gene (ftsZ), the molecular chaperone groE genes (groE operon), and the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp) from Wolbachia in lines belonging to three subspecies of the butterfly (bolina, jacintha, and philippensis) revealed no variation among lines nor between female‐biased lines and a normal one.
Combining genetic engineering and traditional breeding to provide elevated resistance in potatoes to Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Cooper Susannah G. , Douches David S. , Grafius Edward J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe sustainable deployment of resistant crop varieties is a critical issue for the implementation of biotechnology in crop pest management. Feeding, biomass accumulation, and mortality were evaluated for susceptible, insecticide‐resistant, andBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) Cry 3A‐selected Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineataSay) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) larvae fed on: cultivated potato, aSolanum chacoenseline expressing leptine glycoalkaloids, a transformed line expressing Bt toxin, or the leptine line transformed to express Bt toxin. Larvae selected for resistance to Bt‐Cry3A performed better on Bt foliage, but not as well on the leptine foliage, compared to susceptible or insecticide‐resistant larvae. Neither leptine nor Bt toxin completely inhibited the feeding and growth of 3rd and 4th instars of all three strains of Colorado potato beetle. However, for all three strains of Colorado potato beetle on leptine + Bt foliage, feeding was almost zero, growth was zero or negative, and mortality was near 100%.
Labour Supply and the Risk of Divorce: An Analysis of Australian Data
Authors: Austen Siobhan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis article examines the possible consequences of rising divorce risks for the pattern of married women's labour supply in the Australian labour market. An extension of Becker's (1965) model of time allocation is used to inform an empirical analysis of this issue based on the 1997 Negotiating the Life Course Survey data. The empirical analysis in the article features a model that controls for the possibility of an endogenous relationship between women's involvement in paid work and the risk of divorce. Results show a significant positive relationship between the risk of divorce and the probability that a woman will be involved in full‐time work.
CGRP Receptors
Authors: Cutrer F. Michael 
Published: July 2004

Neuronal Expression and Regulation of CGRP Promoter Activity Following Viral Gene Transfer into Cultured Trigeminal Ganglia NeuronsWe examined the regulation of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) promoter activity in primary cultures of rat trigeminal ganglia neurons. A viral vector was used to circumvent the potential complication of examining only a small subpopulation of cells in heterogeneous cultures. Infection with high titers of recombinant adenovirus containing 1.25 kb of the rat CGRP promoter linked to the beta‐galactosidase reporter gene (AdCGRP‐lacZ) yielded expression in about 50% of the CGRP‐expressing neurons. The CGRP‐lacZ reporter gene was preferentially expressed in neurons, with 91% co‐expression with endogenous CGRP. In contrast, an adenoviral vector containing a CMV‐lacZ reporter was predominantly expressed in non‐neuronal cells, with only 29% co‐expression with CGRP. We then asked whether the CGRP promoter in the viral vector could be regulated by serotonin receptor type 1 (5‐HT(1)) agonists. Promoter activity was decreased two‐ to threefold by treatment with five 5‐HT(1B/D) agonists, including the triptan drugs sumatriptan, eletriptan, and rizatriptan that are used for migraine treatment. As controls, CMV promoter activity was not affected, and 5‐HT(1B/D) receptor antagonists blocked the repression caused by sumatriptan and eletriptan. Thus, adenoviral gene transfer can be used in trigeminal ganglia neurons for studying the mechanisms of triptan drug action on CGRP synthesis.
Nitric Oxide
Authors: Cutrer F. Michael 
Published: July 2004

Nuclear Factor‐kappaB as a Molecular Target for Migraine TherapyNitric oxide (NO) generated from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) participates in immune and inflammatory responses in many tissues. The NO donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) provokes delayed migraine attacks when infused into migraineurs and also causes iNOS expression and delayed inflammation within rodent dura mater. Sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor as well, also increases iNOS expression. Because inflammation and iNOS are potential therapeutic targets, we examined transcriptional regulation of iNOS following GTN infusion and the consequences of its inhibition within dura mater. We show that intravenous GTN increases NO production within macrophages. L‐N(6)‐(1‐iminoethyl)lysine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, attenuates the NO signal, emphasizing the importance of enzymatic activity to delayed NO production. iNOS expression is preceded by significant nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kappaB) activity, as reflected by a reduction in the inhibitory protein‐kappa‐B‐alpha (IkappaBalpha) and activation of NF‐kappaB after GTN infusion. I‐kappa‐B‐alpha degradation, NF‐kappaB activation, and iNOS expression were attenuated by parthenolide (3mg/kg), the active constituent of feverfew, an anti‐inflammatory drug used for migraine treatment. These findings suggest that GTN promotes NF‐kappaB activity and inflammation with a time course consistent with migraine attacks in susceptible individuals. We conclude, based on results with this animal model, that blockade of NF‐kappaB activity provides a novel transcriptional target for the development of anti‐migraine drugs.Effects of the Nitric Oxide Donor, DEA/NO on Cortical Spreading DepressionCortical spreading depression (CSD) is a transient disruption of local ionic homeostasis that may promote migraine attacks and the progression of stroke lesions. We reported previously that the local inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with Nomega‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) delayed markedly the initiation of the recovery of ionic homeostasis from CSD. Here we describe a novel method for selective, controlled generation of exogenous NO in a functioning brain region. It is based on microdialysis perfusion of the NO donor, 2‐(N,N‐diethylamino)‐diazenolate‐2‐oxide (DEA/NO). As DEA/NO does not generate NO at alkaline pH, and as the brain has a strong acid‐base buffering capacity, DEA/NO was perfused in a medium adjusted at alkaline (but unbuffered) pH. Without DEA/NO, such a microdialysis perfusion medium did not alter CSD. DEA/NO (1, 10 and 100 microM) had little effect on CSD by itself, but it reversed in a concentration‐dependent manner the effects of NOS inhibition by 1 mM L‐NAME. These data demonstrate that increased formation of endogenous NO associated with CSD is critical for the subsequent, rapid recovery of cellular ionic homeostasis. In this case, the molecular targets for NO may be located either on brain cells to suppress mechanisms directly involved in CSD genesis, or on local blood vessels to couple flow to the increased energy demand associated with CSD.
5‐HT1F
Authors: Cutrer F. Michael 
Published: July 2004

Possible Antimigraine Mechanisms of Action of the 5HT1F Receptor Agonist LY334370This study investigated whether the selective 5HT1F receptor agonist LY334370 has other possible antimigraine mechanisms in addition to the proposed inhibition of dural plasma extravasation. LY334370 (up to 10(−5) M) had no vasoconstrictor effects on human cerebral arteries in vitro. It had no effect (up to 10 mg kg‐1, i.v.) on neurogenic vasodilation of dural blood vessels produced by electrical stimulation of the dura mater in anesthetized rats. Nor had it any effect (at 3 mg kg‐1, i.v.) on the hyperalgesia produced by injection of carrageenan into the paw of conscious rats or on nociceptive reflex responses in the spinalized, decerebrate rabbit (up to 3 mg per kg, i.v.), indicating that it has no general analgesic properties. However, it significantly inhibited activation of second‐order neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis produced by electrical stimulation of the dura mater in anesthetized rats at 3 mg per kg, i.v. These results provide evidence to suggest that LY334370 has a central mechanism of action in blocking the transmission of nociceptive impulses within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and that this may represent a mechanism through which it has its antimigraine effect.Novel Potent 5‐HT(1F) Receptor Agonists: Structure‐Activity Studies of a Series of Substituted N‐[3‐(1‐methyl‐4‐piperidinyl)‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyridin‐5‐yl]amidesCompound 1a (LY334370), a selective 5‐HT(1F) receptor agonist (SSOFRA), inhibited dural inflammation in the neurogenic plasma protein extravasation model of migraine and demonstrated clinical efficacy for the acute treatment of migraine. Although 1a was greater than 100‐fold selective over both the 5‐HT(1B) and 5‐HT(1D) receptors, it exhibited appreciable 5‐HT(1A) receptor affinity. Described here is the synthesis and evaluation of a series of pyrrolo[2,3‐c]pyridine and pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyridine (2a and 3a) as well as pyrrolo[3,2‐d]pyrimidine (4a) analogues of 1a, compounds prepared in an effort to identify SSOFRAs with improved selectivity over other 5‐HT(1) receptor subtypes. The pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyridine analogue 3a showed high 5‐HT(1F) receptor affinity but offered no improvement in selectivity compared to 1a. However, the C‐5 acetamide derivative, 3b, was greater than 100‐fold selective over the 5‐HT(1A), 5‐HT(1B), and 5‐HT(1D) receptors. SAR studies of this series determined that alkylamides in particular exhibited high selectivity for the 5‐HT(1F) receptor. Replacement at C‐5 with other substituents decreased affinity or selectivity. These SAR studies identified SSOFRAs that demonstrated oral activity in the neurogenic plasma protein extravasation model, a model indicative of antimigraine activity.
CGRP Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E. 
Published: July 2004

Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist BIBN 4096 BS for the Acute Treatment of MigraineBACKGROUND: Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) may have a causative role in migraine. We therefore hypothesized that a CGRP‐receptor antagonist might be effective in the treatment of migraine attacks.METHODS: In an international, multicenter, double‐blind, randomized clinical trial of BIBN 4096 BS, a highly specific and potent nonpeptide CGRP‐receptor antagonist, 126 patients with migraine received one of the following: placebo or 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg of BIBN 4096 BS intravenously over a period of 10 minutes. A group‐sequential adaptive treatment‐assignment design was used to minimize the number of patients exposed.RESULTS: The 2.5‐mg dose was selected, with a response rate of 66 percent, as compared with 27 percent for placebo (P = 0.001). The BIBN 4096 BS group as a whole had a response rate of 60 percent. Significant superiority over placebo was also observed with respect to most secondary end points: the pain‐free rate at 2 hours; the rate of sustained response over a period of 24 hours; the rate of recurrence of headache; improvement in nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional capacity; and the time to meaningful relief. An effect was apparent after 30 minutes and increased over the next few hours. The overall rate of adverse events was 25 percent after the 2.5‐mg dose of the drug and 20 percent for the BIBN 4096 BS group as a whole, as compared with 12 percent for placebo. The most frequent side effect was paresthesia. There were no serious adverse events.CONCLUSIONS: The CGRP antagonist BIBN 4096 BS was effective in treating acute attacks of migraine.
5‐HTIF Receptor Agonist
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E. 
Published: July 2004

Selective Seratonin 1F (5‐HT(1F)) Receptor Agonist LY334370 for Acute Migraine: A Randomised Controlled TrialBACKGROUND: Triptans (5‐HT(1B/1D) receptor agonists) are effective drugs for acute migraine, but the side‐effect of coronary vasoconstriction restricts their use in patients who are at risk of coronary artery disease. We have studied the efficacy of LY334370, a selective serotonin 1F (5‐HT(1F)) receptor agonist with preclinical efficacy and no vasoconstriction, for migraine relief.METHODS: We gave LY334370 (20, 60, or 200 mg) or placebo to 99 outpatients with moderate or severe migraine headaches in a double blind, parallel group study. We measured efficacy by sustained response, response at 2 h, pain free at 2 h, and sustained pain free.RESULTS: The proportions of patients with defined endpoints for placebo and LY334370 20, 60, and 200 mg, respectively, were: sustained response, two of 26 (8%), three of 22 (14%), 11 of 30 (37%), and 11 of 21 (52%) (dose response p < 0.001); response, five of 26 (19%), four of 22 (18%), 15 of 30 (50%), and 15 of 21 (71%) (p < 0.001); pain free, one of 26 (4%), none of 22, eight of 30 (27%), and eight of 21 (38%) (p = 0.001); sustained pain free, one of 26 (4%), none of 22, seven of 30 (23%), and seven of 21 (33%) (p = 0.002); recurrence rates, one of five (20%), none of four, four of 15 (27%), and three of 15 (20%). More patients given LY334370 than placebo reported asthenia, somnolence, and dizziness.CONCLUSION: Our findings show that LY334370 is effective in treatment of acute migraine through selective trigeminovascular neuronal inhibition.
NOS Inhibition
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E. 
Published: July 2004

A Dose‐Response Study of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition in Different Vascular Beds in ManBACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) is an almost ubiquitous messenger molecule and is implicated in several disorders. NG monomethyl L‐arginine (L‐NMMA:546C88) is an inhibitor of all three NO synthases (NOS), the enzymes that catalyse the production of NO. The present study was performed to evaluate the dose‐response relation of L‐NMMA to improve the design and interpretation of studies in migraine sufferers and other diseases.METHODS: In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over design, six healthy volunteers were randomised to receive three different doses of L‐NMMA (0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg) or placebo (5% dextrose) intravenously (iv) over 5 min on four different days. On a fifth study day, in an open design, the same subjects received L‐NMMA in the dose 6 mg/kg iv over 15 min. The effect of L‐NMMA on the maximal mean blood velocity (Vmean) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) (transcranial Doppler), the luminal diameter of the radial artery (high‐frequency ultrasound), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate and electrocardiogram were repeatedly followed every 5 min until 60 min after start of the infusion, then every 15 min during the following hour, and at 3 h and 4 h.RESULTS: Inhibition of NOS had no effect on Vmean in MCA or on the diameter of the radial artery, but MAP increased and heart rate decreased dose dependently. With a dose of 6‐mg/kg L‐NMMA infused over a 15‐min period, the maximum MAP increase was 20% 20 min after the start of L‐NMMA infusion. The maximum decrease of heart rate was 24% 15 min after start of the L‐NMMA infusion.CONCLUSION: L‐NMMA in a dose that caused marked changes in systemic blood pressure and heart rate had no effect on cerebral and radial arteries in man.
GABAA Receptors
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E. 
Published: July 2004

GABA Receptors Modulate Trigeminovascular Nociceptive Neurotransmission in the Trigeminocervical ComplexMETHODS: GABA (gamma‐aminobutyric acid) receptors involved in craniovascular nociceptive pathways were characterised by in vivo microiontophoresis of GABA receptor agonists and antagonists onto neurones in the trigeminocervical complex of the cat. Extracellular recordings were made from neurons in the trigeminocervical complex activated by supramaximal electrical stimulation of superior sagittal sinus, which were subsequently stimulated with L‐glutamate.RESULTS: Cell firing evoked by microiontophoretic application of L‐glutamate (n = 30) was reversibly inhibited by GABA in every cell tested (n = 19), the GABA(A) agonist muscimol (n = 10) in all cells tested, or both where tested, but not by iontophoresis of either sodium or chloride ions at comparable ejection currents. Inhibited cells received wide dynamic range (WDR) or nociceptive specific input from cutaneous receptive fields on the face or forepaws. The inhibition of trigeminal neurons by GABA or muscimol could be antagonized by the GABA(A) antagonist N‐methylbicuculline, 1(S), 9(R) in all but two cells tested (n = 16), but not by the GABA(B) antagonist 2‐hydroxysaclofen (n = 11). 5. R(‐)‐baclofen, a GABA(B) agonist, inhibited the firing of three out of seven cells activated by L‐glutamate. Where tested, this inhibition could be antagonized by 2‐hydroxysaclofen. These baclofen‐inhibited cells were characterized as having low threshold mechanoreceptor/WDR input.CONCLUSION: GABA thus appears to modulate nociceptive input to the trigeminocervical complex mainly through GABA(A) receptors. GABA(A) receptors may therefore provide a target for the development of new therapeutic agents for primary headache disorders.
Evolution of Vaccinia Virus-Specific CD8
+
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Primary Vaccinees and Revaccinees
Authors: Tenorio Allan R. , Peeples Mark E. , Patri Manokiran , Rezai Katayoun , Trenholme Gordon M. 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

Determination of successful vaccination with vaccinia virus is based on visual confirmation of a dermal response (take). Some revaccinees do not manifest a take, which may be due to a preexisting immunity rather than to poor technique or inadequate virus. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response appears to be the most important immune defense in limiting response to vaccination. We evaluated vaccinia virus-specific CTL responses in revaccinees. Subjects with and without takes displayed comparable CTL responses. Vaccinia virus-specific CD8
+
CTL responses may be useful in interpreting the response to vaccination, particularly in individuals who are revaccinated and have difficult-to-interpret visual takes.
Novel Hairpin-Shaped Primer Assay To Study the Association of the −44 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism of theDEFB1Gene with Early-Onset Periodontal Disease
Authors: Boniotto Michele , Hazbón Manzour Hernando , Jordan William James , Lennon Greig Patrick , Eskdale Joyce , Alland David , Gallagher Grant 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACTA powerful, cost-effective new method for studying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is described. This method is based on the use of hairpin-shaped primers (HP), which give a sensitive and specific PCR amplification of each specific allele, without the use of costly fluorophore-labeled probes and any post-PCR manipulation. The amplification is monitored in real-time using SYBR Green I dye and takes only 2 h to yield results. The HP assay has a simple design and utilizes a conventional real-time PCR apparatus. The −44 C→G transversion in theDEFB1gene (which encodes human β-defensin 1) has been previously associated withCandidacarriage in oral epithelia. In this study, we analyzed the association between early-onset periodontal disease (EOP) and the −44 SNP. We used an HP assay to study the distribution of the −44 SNP in 264 human DNAs obtained from two cohorts of EOP patients and healthy controls from different ethnic backgrounds. The results indicate that the −44 SNP has a similar distribution between EOP and healthy patients, suggesting that it is not associated with the disease.
Impact of Serological Methodology on Assessment of the Link between
Chlamydia pneumoniae
and Vascular Diseases
Authors: Maraha Boulos , den Heijer Martin , Kluytmans Jan , Peeters Marcel 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

We assessed the impact of five serologic tests on the link between
Chlamydia pneumoniae
and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The results of the tests were inconsistent. Agreement among the five tests was generally poor. Detection of the link between
C. pneumoniae
and AAA depends on the serologic methodology chosen.
Evaluation of
Clonorchis sinensis
Recombinant 7-Kilodalton Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Clonorchiasis
Authors: Zhao Qin-Ping , Moon Sung-Ung , Lee Hyeong-Woo , Na Byoung-Kuk , Cho Seung-Yull , Kong Yoon , Jiang Ming-Sen , Li Ai-Hua , Kim Tong-Soo 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

The diagnostic applicability of the
Clonorchis sinensis
recombinant 7-kDa protein was evaluated. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblots, the protein showed high sensitivities (81.3 and 71.9%, respectively) and specificities (92.6 and 89.7%, respectively) for sera obtained from various helminthic infections. Some paragonimiasis sera showed cross-reactions. The antigen might be valuable in the serodiagnosis of human clonorchiasis.
Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Patient Caused by a Commensal
Neisseria meningitidis
Strain Harboring the Capsule Null Locus (
cnl
)
Authors: Vogel Ulrich , Claus Heike , von Müller Lutz , Bunjes Donald , Elias Johannes , Frosch Matthias 
Published: July 2004

ABSTRACT

We recently described the capsule null locus (
cnl
) of constitutively unencapsulated
Neisseria meningitidis
clonal lineages.
cnl
meningococci were recovered from healthy carriers at high frequency. We here report on the first case of invasive disease caused by
cnl
meningococci in a severely immunosuppressed patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The sequence type 845 strain was extensively typed and, furthermore, shown to be sensitive to serum bactericidal activity.