bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Diversity Underlying Seasonal and Annual Variations in
Brown Planthopper (BPH) Populations as Revealed by Methylationsensitive
Restriction Assay
Authors: Gupta Ayushi , Nair Suresh 
Published: December 2023

Background::
The brown planthopper (BPH) is a monophagous sap-sucking insect pest
of rice that is responsible for massive yield loss. BPH populations, even when genetically homogenous,
can display a vast range of phenotypes, and the development of effective pest-management
strategies requires a good understanding of what generates this phenotypic variation. One potential
source could be epigenetic differences.

Methods::
With this premise, we explored epigenetic diversity, structure and differentiation in
field populations of BPH collected across the rice-growing seasons over a period of two consecutive
years. Using a modified methylation-sensitive restriction assay (MSRA) and CpG island amplification-
representational difference analysis, site-specific cytosine methylation of five stress-responsive
genes (CYP6AY1, CYP6ER1, Carboxylesterase, Endoglucanase, Tf2-transposon) was estimated,
for identifying methylation-based epiallelic markers and epigenetic variation across BPH
populations.

Results::
Screening field-collected BPH populations revealed the presence of previously unreported
epigenetic polymorphisms and provided a platform for future studies aimed at investigating
their significance for BPH. Furthermore, these findings can form the basis for understanding the
contribution(s) of DNA methylation in providing phenotypic plasticity to BPH.

Conclusion::
Screening field-collected BPH populations revealed the presence of previously unreported
epigenetic polymorphisms and provided a platform for future studies aimed at investigating
their significance for BPH. Furthermore, these findings can form the basis for understanding the
contribution(s) of DNA methylation in providing phenotypic plasticity to BPH.
Fluorometric Sensing of Metal Ions by Carbon Nano Dots - A Review
Authors: Yadav Rajnee , Lahariya Vikas Lahariya 
Published: December 2023

abstract:
Contamination from heavy metal ions is a rising problem. It has direct and
indirect impacts on human health, the environment, and aquatic life. Thus, detecting
trace amounts of these elements presents significant challenges. It is important to develop
effective, affordable, accurate, fast sensing monitoring systems. A new field of
sensing techniques has emerged with the discovery of bio-compatible fluorescent carbon
nanodots. Although the study of heavy metal ion detection using carbon nanodots
and fluorometric sensing techniques is relatively new and developing, it holds great
potential for aiding scientists in the development of environmentally friendly sensing
systems. This article focuses on the utilization of carbon nanodots in fluorescencebased
detection of metal ions in various media. The ability to emit fluorescence
across the entire visible spectrum under UV and visible light excitation offers fluorescent
quenching or fluorescent enhancement phenomena in the presence of trace
amount of metal ions. The present work discusses different fluorometric sensing phenomena,
its mechanism and applications of carbon dots on it. It covers the recent progress
in carbon-nano dots for bio-based synthesis, physical properties, and application
in heavy metal sensing.
Navigating the Solution to Drug Formulation Problems at Research and
Development Stages by Amorphous Solid Dispersion Technology
Authors: Tripathi Devika , B.H Manjunatha Prabhu , Sahoo Jagannath , Kumari Jyoti 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASDs) have indeed revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry,
particularly in drug solubility enhancement. The amorphous state of a drug, which is a highenergy
metastable state, can lead to an increase in the apparent solubility of the drug. This is due to
the absence of a long-range molecular order, which results in higher molecular mobility and free
volume, and consequently, higher solubility. The success of ASD preparation depends on the selection
of appropriate excipients, particularly polymers that play a crucial role in drug solubility and
physical stability. However, ASDs face challenges due to their thermodynamic instability or tendency
to recrystallize. Measuring the crystallinity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and
drug solubility is a complex process that requires a thorough understanding of drug-polymer miscibility
and molecular interactions. Therefore, it is important to monitor drug solids closely during
preparation, storage, and application. Techniques such as solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
(ssNMR), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman
spectroscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy have been successful in understanding the mechanism of
drug crystallization. In addition, the continuous downstream processing of drug-loaded ASDs has
introduced new automated methods for consistent ASD production. Advanced techniques such as
hot melt extrusion, KinetiSol, electro spraying, and electrospinning have gained popularity. This review
provides a comprehensive overview of Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASDs) for oral drug delivery.
It highlights the critical challenges faced during formulation, the impact of manufacturing
variables, theoretical aspects of drug-polymer interaction, and factors related to drug-polymer miscibility.
ASDs have been recognized as a promising strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of
poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the successful development of an ASD-based drug product is
not straightforward due to the complexity of the ASD systems. The formulation and process parameters
can significantly influence the performance of the final product. Understanding the interactions
between the drug and polymer in ASDs is crucial for predicting their stability and performance.
WHAT DRIVES WOMEN TO BECOME HAMLET'S HEAD? A STUDY OF THE DAYAH BAROE VILLAGE IN ACEH
Authors: Masni Melly , Maghfirah Arifa 
Published: December 2023

This study aims to explore the primary factors that encourage women's participation in village administration and the effect of women's leadership as hamlet chiefs on the government of Dayah Baro Village, Delima District, Pidie Regency. This study employed a qualitative methodology and utilized observation and interviews to collect data. The results of this study indicate that the level of Education and emotional empathy possessed by female hamlet leaders encourage their participation in village administration. Consequently, the effect of women's leadership in government is that they reform the village agenda by implementing numerous women-centered agendas. In addition, their presence in the village government structure correlates positively with increased women's participation in Dayah Baroe Village due to the ease of interaction and the numerous women-based agendas facilitated by the leaders of these women's hamlets.
RFX6 Maintains Gene Expression and Function of Adult Human Islet α-Cells
Authors: Coykendall Vy M.N. , Qian Mollie F. , Tellez Krissie , Bautista Austin , Bevacqua Romina J. , Gu Xueying , Hang Yan , Neukam Martin , Zhao Weichen , Chang Charles , MacDonald Patrick E. , Kim Seung K. 
Published: December 2023

Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor regulatory factor X-box binding 6 (RFX6) are associated with human diabetes. Within pancreatic islets, RFX6 expression is most abundant in islet α-cells, and α-cell RFX6 expression is altered in diabetes. However, the roles of RFX6 in regulating gene expression, glucagon output, and other crucial human adult α-cell functions are not yet understood. We developed a method for selective genetic targeting of human α-cells and assessed RFX6-dependent α-cell function. RFX6 suppression with RNA interference led to impaired α-cell exocytosis and dysregulated glucagon secretion in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, these phenotypes were not observed with RFX6 suppression across all islet cells. Transcriptomics in α-cells revealed RFX6-dependent expression of genes governing nutrient sensing, hormone processing, and secretion, with some of these exclusively expressed in human α-cells. Mapping of RFX6 DNA-binding sites in primary human islet cells identified a subset of direct RFX6 target genes. Together, these data unveil RFX6-dependent genetic targets and mechanisms crucial for regulating adult human α-cell function.

Article Highlights
Acute Activation of GFRAL in the Area Postrema Contributes to Glucose Regulation Independent of Weight
Authors: Zhang Song-Yang , Danaei Zahra , Bruce Kyla , Chiu Jennifer F.M. , Lam Tony K.T. 
Published: December 2023

GDF15 regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis in rodents by activating its receptor GFRAL, expressed in the area postrema of the brain. However, whether GDF15-GFRAL signaling in the area postrema regulates glucose tolerance independent of changes in food intake and weight and contributes to the glucose-lowering effect of metformin remain unknown. Herein, we report that direct, acute GDF15 infusion into the area postrema of rats fed a high-fat diet increased intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity to lower hepatic glucose production independent of changes in food intake, weight, and plasma insulin levels under conscious, unrestrained, and nonstressed conditions. In parallel, metformin infusion concurrently increased plasma GDF15 levels and glucose tolerance. Finally, a knockdown of GFRAL expression in the area postrema negated administration of GDF15, as well as metformin, to increase glucose tolerance independent of changes in food intake, weight, and plasma insulin levels. In summary, activation of GFRAL in the area postrema contributes to glucose regulation of GDF15 and metformin in vivo.

Article Highlights
Technical Solutions to Reduce the Amount of Dust Particle Breakthrough when Cleaning Emissions from the Production of Reinforced Concrete Products Using Dust Collectors with Counter Swirling Flows
Authors: Meskhi B. Ch. , Evtushenko A. I. , Borovkov D. P. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The production of reinforced concrete products, being the basis of modern industrial construction, is a very significant source of dust emissions. Traditional cleaning methods are often unable to ensure the compliance with air quality requirements, and replacing them with more modern ones requires significant capital and operational costs. One of the most promising ways to solve the problem is the use of a new class of inertial dust collectors with counter swirling flows, combining constructive simplicity and low operating costs with sufficiently high work efficiency. The aim of the work was to analyze the factors influencing the magnitude of the breakthrough coefficient of fine dust particles, as well as the development of constructive solutions aimed at reducing it. Materials and Methods. An analytical review of technical solutions aimed at reducing the breakthrough magnitude was carried out, on the basis of which the designs of the lower input of dust collectors with counter swirling flows were developed. Methods of computational experiment and field measurements were used to confirm the effectiveness of the developed structures. Results. By means of numerical experiments, the information about the aerodynamic flow pattern in the separation chamber of the CSF dust collector was obtained, and the breakthrough magnitude of dust particles was estimated. The solutions were developed for the design of the lower coaxial input of the swirling flow of dust collectors on the counter swirling flows, taking into account the features of dust pollution generated during the operation of technological equipment of reinforced concrete production. Discussion and Conclusion. The presence of a displacement of the axis of the secondary swirling flow from the axis of symmetry of the separation chamber was established. The consequence of this was the non-coaxiality of the primary and secondary flows, which led to a decrease in the intensity of the twist, the formation of parasitic vortices, and, as a consequence, an increase in the value of the breakthrough coefficient. This effect was especially pronounced with a large proportion of fine dust particles, characteristic of dust pollution formed during the production of reinforced concrete products. The proposed design of the coaxial input of the secondary swirling flow reduced the magnitude of this eccentricity, which made it possible to achieve a significant reduction in the breakthrough magnitude of fine particles characteristic of dust emissions of reinforced concrete industries. The results obtained can be effectively used both in the production of reinforced concrete products and in other branches of construction production, which is characterized by intensive formation of fine dust emissions.
Development of Mechanisms for Industrial Safety Culture Improvement Based on Employee Survey Analysis Results
Authors: Sufiyanova M. A. , Volokhina A. T. , Glebova E. V. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Ensuring industrial safety (IS) is one of the priority goals of any company. It is obvious that achieving its high level is impossible without the formation of a safety culture among employees, since their wrong actions can lead to emergencies and death of people at hazardous production facilities. The concept of industrial safety culture (ISC) is interpreted in different ways, but all definitions are united by the need for employees to realize that industrial safety should become their main goal and internal need. To date, there are many methods for determining the degree of ISC development. They are actively and successfully used at many enterprises. At the same time, it should be noted that the Russian legislation lacks, in particular, a methodology for quantifying the industrial safety culture specifically at the enterprises of the oil and gas complex, which have their own characteristics and specifics. Therefore, the introduction of a new quantitative approach to assessing the effectiveness of management of industrial safety culture has important scientific and practical significance on the industry agenda. The aim of this work in this regard was to develop mechanisms to increase the ISC level at one of the gas transportation enterprises of the country based on the results of the survey of its employees. Materials and Methods. For the analysis, the results of a three-level questionnaire conducted in 2021 and 2022 were used, which included socio-biographical characteristics of employees, their assessments on specially developed 16 components of industrial safety, as well as the interview of focus groups on six selected IS components. Results. During the analysis of the questionnaires, an increase in the level of industrial safety culture was established from the predicted (third level) to the proactive (fourth level) according to the five-level classification of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP). Discussion and Conclusions. The comparative analysis demonstrated positive dynamics of the results of the ISC level assessment by the employees of the gas transport enterprise. Its increase at this enterprise was achieved through the introduction and implementation of proactive measures, such as the development of personal obligations of employees in the field of safety, their maximum involvement in the development of competencies in the field of industrial safety, ensuring openness / transparency of communications on safety issues, and the formation of a positive attitude of employees to changes in this area.
KEPUTUSAN INDIVIDU MELAKUKAN MOBILITAS NON-PERMANEN KE KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Budiarty Ida , Emalia Zulfa , Hapsari Cindy Nurul 
Published: December 2023

This study explores individual decisions in carrying out natural non-permanent mobility activities to the city of Bandar Lampung. Non-permanent migration increased by 300 percent during 2016-2018. The data used in this research is the 2018 Sakernas micro data for August. Data analysis using the Binary Logistic Regression. The findings show that the variation in the independent variable is able to explain the variation in the dependent variable by 52 percent.. All independent variables (age, wages, education, and distance) are statistically significant in influencing individual decisions to undertake non-permanent migration, except for the variable marital status. The highest odds ratio value for the distance variable, then the education variable. This means that the closer the distance to Bandar Lampung and the better the individual's education, the higher the probability of non-permanent migration to the city of Bandar Lampung. Variable selection is limited due to adjusting the supply of Sakernas micro data files. In the future, it is very important for the government to understand this temporary mobility movement in order to control the short-term and long-term implications of achieving a more equitable distribution of wealth in Lampung Province. Equitable development between urban and rural areas needs to be realized immediately in reducing income inequality and development.
Association of Anthropometric Parameters and Severity of SARS-COV-2 Infection among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary care Center in Western Maharashtra – an Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shewte Mamta Kishor , Dhok Rajeshree Sushil , Pachange Priyanka Narayanrao , Suryawanshi` Prachi Manohar , Sayed Naila Nazir 
Published: December 2023

Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed COVID-19 as a pandemic. COVID-19 has infected more than 5.5 million people worldwide, resulting in more than 3,47,000 fatalities. Obese individuals may be more susceptible to infection with SARSCoV-2. This study was conducted to assess the association between anthropometric parameters and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Methodology: This analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken on COVID-19-positive patients admitted to COVID-dedicated wards at a tertiary care center in Pune. The data was collected using a convenient sampling method from 185 COVID-19-positive patients.
Result: Among those Positive for SARS-COV-2, 128 (69.19%) patients had mild COVID-19, and 57 (30.81%) patients were having severe COVID-19 disease. 36 patients (28.13%) with mild COVID-19 disease were average weight, 48 patients (37.50%) were overweight, and 42 patients (32.81%) were obese. Three (5.26%) of the 57 patients with severe COVID-19 disease were overweight, and 54 (94.74%) were obese. 19 (10.2%) patients had previously been diagnosed with hypertension, and 22 (11.8%) patients had both hypertension and diabetes.
Conclusion: Obesity in patients with COVID-19 was associated with severe diseases, particularly pneumonia. Patients having underlying medical illnesses like hypertension and diabetes were found to be at higher risk of severe COVID-19.
Расчет стенда монтажа и демонтажа шин легковых автомобилей
Authors: Жирнов Артем , Гильмутдинов Алмаз 
Published: December 2023

В мире быстро развивающихся технологий и автомобильной индустрии, эффективное обслуживание и уход за легковыми автомобилями становятся все более сложными и технически требовательными задачами. Одним из ключевых процессов в рамках технического обслуживания является монтаж и демонтаж шин. Современные автомобили разнообразны по своим характеристикам, что требует использования специализированных стендов, способных обеспечить не только безопасность и эффективность работ, но и адаптироваться к различным моделям транспортных средств.
Эффективное проектирование такого стенда - это не только вопрос безопасности и технической исправности, но и стратегически важного вложения в развитие автосервисной отрасли. Разберем ключевые аспекты создания стенда, который не только соответствует современным стандартам, но и превосходит их, обеспечивая оптимальные условия для проведения работ по обслуживанию шин легковых автомобилей.
Veterinary clinicians prefer template-style reports with personal confidence estimates for cytologic sample evaluations
Authors: Rishniw Mark , Freeman Kathleen P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To examine preferences of veterinary clinical pathologists, clinicians, and students for cytology report formats.

SAMPLE
24 clinical pathologists, 1,014 veterinarians, and 93 veterinary students who were members of the Veterinary Information Network.

METHODS
Members of the Veterinary Information Network responded to an online survey invitation, made available between July 11, 2023, and July 24, 2023. Respondents were randomly directed to 1 of 4 sets of cytology reports, each containing a traditional narrative format, narrative format with terms expressing a degree of confidence and associated numerical ranges, and template format with similar estimates of confidence. Respondents ranked the reports in order of preference and then provided comments about their top-ranked choice. Responses were analyzed mostly with descriptive statistics or comparisons of proportions.

RESULTS
14 of 24 clinical pathologists preferred the traditional narrative format, whereas 449 of 1,042 veterinary clinicians and veterinary students preferred the template format. Respondents (460/1,131) ranked the template format as most preferred, but the narrative format with terms expressing a degree of confidence ranked highest overall. Many respondents appeared to misunderstand the degree of confidence estimates being expressed numerically. Respondents choosing each format often stated that their preferred choice was “easiest to understand” and “most comprehensive.”

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Given the preferences of veterinary clinicians and veterinary students for a template format, clinical pathologists should consider modifying the way they report evaluations of cytologic specimens. Template formats should help standardize reporting of cytologic specimens, thereby improving communication between clinical pathologists and clinicians. However, both clinicians and clinical pathologists need to better understand the purpose of terminology expressing degrees of confidence in such reports.