bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of azithromycin as an adjunct to non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis in adults: clinical results
Authors: Smith S. R. , Foyle D. M. , Daniels J. , Joyston‐Bechal S. , Smales F. C. , Sefton A. , Williams J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical and microbiological effects of azithromycin as an adjunct to the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis in adults. Azithromycin is an antibiotic which is taken up by phagocytes and is released over long periods in inflamed tissue but requires a total of only three doses of 500 mg to produce its therapeutic effect.Method: 46 patients were treated in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study with assessments at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10 and 22. Throughout the trial measurements were made of plaque, gingival bleeding, calculus, probing pocket depths and bleeding on probing. Microbiological sampling was carried out from a selected pocket 6 mm at each visit. The regime employed consisted of OHI, scaling and root planing at weeks 0, 1 and 2 with reinforcement of OHI and minimal scaling at weeks 6, 10 and 22. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either azithromycin, (A), or placebo capsules, (C), 500 mg, 1× daily for 3 days at week 2. 44 patients completed the study. Mean pocket depths were analysed using analysis of covariance in 3 groups with initial pocket depth values of 1–3 mm, 4–5 mm and 6 mm.Results: The results of the microbiology have been reported in a separate paper. The clinical data showed that by week 22 a lower % of pockets initially >5 mm deep remained above that level in the 23 patients taking azithromycin (A), than the 21 taking the placebo (C), (A, 5.6%; C, 23.3%). Also at week 22, for pockets initially 4 mm or more, the test group had fewer pockets >3 mm deep (A, 26.1%; C, 44.3%), fewer failing to improve in probing depth (A, 6.6%; C, 21.6%) and fewer continuing to bleed on probing (A, 46.9%; C, 55.6%) when compared with the control group. Pocket depths initially 4–5 mm or 6–9 mm analysed by analysis of covariance showed lower mean pocket depths in the patients on azithromycin, at weeks 6, 10 and 22, (pockets initially 4–5 mm, p<0.001 on all occasions, pockets initially 6–9 mm, p<0.001, week 6; p< 0.003, week 10; p<0.001, week 22).Conclusions: Azithromycin may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of adult periodontitis, particularly where deep pockets are present.
Antimicrobial effects of 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser radiation on root surfaces: an in vitro study
Authors: Folwaczny Matthias , Mehl Albert , Aggstaller Hans , Hickel Reinhard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: This in vitro study investigated the antimicrobial effects of 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser radiation on root surfaces.Materials and methods: The study used 125 extracted teeth which were divided into 2 groups (A, B) of 40 teeth and 3 groups of 15 teeth (C, D, E). A defined and similarly‐sized area of the root surface was inoculated with an aliquot of 7 μl of a bacterial suspension of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 43719), Eikenella corrodens (ATCC 51724), or Peptostreptococcus micros (ATCC 33270). Subsequently, the samples from each group were further divided into subgroups which have been irradiated either with 55, 75, and 105 (group A, B) or 55 and 75 (group C, D, E) laser pulses. 1 subgroup of each group was left untreated as control. The source of laser radiation was an Er:YAG laser emitting pulsed infrared radiation at a wavelength of 2.94 μm. The number of bacteria was determined using the surface spread plate technique. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by the Scheffé‐test.Results: Depending on the number of laser pulses the bacterial load in the E. coli group was reduced by the Er:YAG laser radiation after exposure to 105 laser pulses to 5.5% of the initial count and that in the Staph. aureus group to 15.1%. The number of bacteria in case of A. actinomytemcomitans was reduced to 8.3%, in case of E. corrodens to 3.0% and in case of P. micros to 22.0% after application of 75 laserpulses.Conclusion: Besides the selective removal of plaque and calculus, the 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser radiation causes reduction in bacteria on root surfaces.
Clinical evaluation of cervical dentin sensitivity (CDS) in patients attending general dental clinics (GDC) and periodontal specialty clinics (PSC)
Authors: Taani S. D. M. Quteish , Awartani Fatin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence, severity and distribution of CDS in patients attending general dental clinics (GDC) and periodontal specialty clinics (PSC) and to correlate them to possible causal factors.Material and Methods: 2 groups of patients aged 20–60 years recruited from GDC (144) and PSC (151) were evaluated for CDS by means of a questionnaire and intraoral clinical examinations. Furthermore, gingival recession and plaque scores were recorded at the same visit.Results: The results showed that patients referred to PSC had a significantly higher prevalence of CDS (60.3%) than those examined at GDC (42.4%) (p<0.001). Also, mean plaque scores of PSC patients (1.87±0.88) was found to be significantly higher than that of GDC (1.44±0.7) (p<0.01). The occurrence and extent of gingival recession associated with hypersensitive teeth was significantly higher in PSC than GDC patients (p<0.01), with a 5% incidence of severe recession (5 mm) in PSC only. The association of periodontal disease and periodontal treatment to the high prevalence of CDS and gingival recession in PSC patients would suggest their role in predisposition to hypersensitivity. The distribution of CDS in tooth types revealed that upper molars and lower anteriors of PSC patients were mainly affected, and followed by, to a lesser extent, lower right canine and right first molars of GDC patients.Conclusion: The prevalence of CDS among our periodontal patients appears somewhat lower than that reported in periodontal specialty clinics of earlier studies but still higher than those reported in other dental populations. This indicates that periodontal disease and its treatments may increase the occurrence of hypersensitivity.
In‐dental‐office screening for diabetes mellitus using gingival crevicular blood
Authors: Beikler T. , Kuczek A. , Petersilka G. , Flemmig T. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is undiagnosed in approximately 1/2 of the patients actually suffering from the disease. In addition, the prevalence of DM is more than 2× as high in patients with periodontitis when compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Thus, a high number of patients with periodontitis may have undiagnosed DM.Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate, whether blood oozing from gingival tissues during routine periodontal examination can be used for determining glucose levels. 32 non‐diabetic and 13 diabetic patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were enrolled and subjected to routine clinical periodontal examination. Periodontal pocket probing was performed using a standard force. Blood oozing from gingival tissues of anterior teeth following periodontal pocket probing was collected with the stick of a glucose self‐monitoring device (Elite® 2000, Bayer Diagnostics GmbH, Munich). As control, fingerstick capillary blood was taken. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results: The patient blood glucose levels ranged from 3.57 mmol/l to 18.01 mmol/l and the values of blood samples taken from gingiva or finger tip showed a very high intrapatient correlation (r=0.98; p<0.0001).Conclusion: The results suggested that blood oozing during routine periodontal examination may be used for diabetes mellitus screening in a dental office setting.
Oral health and cardiovascular disease in Sweden
Authors: Buhlin K. , Gustafsson A. , Håkansson J. , Klinge B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the relation between dental health and cardiovascular disease in an adult Swedish population.Material and method: A questionnaire was sent to 4811 randomly selected Swedes. It contained 52 questions about dental care habits, oral health, cardiovascular disease and their socio‐economic situation. Odd ratios for all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the subgroup myocardial infarction, stroke and high blood pressure were calculated with a logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, smoking, income, civil status and education. These ratios were calculated for subjects 41 years since few people suffer from CVD before this.Results: The national questionnaire was answered by 2839 (59%) people between 20–84 years of age and, of them, 1577 were 41 years of age or more. We found a significant association between self‐reported bleeding gums (odds ratio 1.60, p=0.0017), presence of dentures (odds ratio 1.57, p=0.0076) and known CVD, which has also been reported in international studies. However, no association between loose teeth, deep pockets and known CVD was detected.Conclusion: The results indicate that oral health and, especially gingival inflammation is associated with CVD.
The connective tissue graft: a comparative clinical evaluation of wound healing at the palatal donor site
Authors: Del Pizzo Massimo , Modica Fabio , Bethaz Nicola , Priotto Patrik , Romagnoli Roberto 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate early healing results of the palatal wound by comparing three different surgical procedures for harvesting a connective tissue graft: the single‐incision (SI), the free gingival graft (FGG) and the trap‐door (TD) techniques.Material and methods:  36 patients requiring a root coverage procedure were selected for treatment using a bilaminar technique and randomly assigned (12 per group) to the FGG, TD or SI groups. The size of the graft was standardised to 12 × 8 mm and the thickness ranged from 1 to 1.5 mm. The following parameters were recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks postsurgery: immediate and delayed bleeding (iB, dB), sensibility (S), complete epithelialisation (CE), discomfort (D), and variation of feeding habits (FH).Results: The difference in CE between the SI and FGG groups was statistically significant at the third postoperative week (100% and 50%, respectively). The discomfort rate at the first week postsurgery was the same in the SI and TD groups (50% without discomfort), but results were statistically significant different in the FGG group (0% without discomfort). No significant differences were found between the three groups for the other parameters.Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found between the SI and FGG techniques in terms of CE, which occurred faster in the SI group. The discomfort rate recorded for both SI and TD groups was significantly lower than for FGG group. No marked differences were noted between SI and TD procedures. The latter was confirmed by patient interviews. The results of this preliminary study have little statistical significance because of the limited number of patients but they represent an important basis for a comparative clinical study, with a larger sample of participants, which is currently in progress.
Correlation and examiner agreement between a new method of plaque scoring and a popular established plaque index, modelled in vitro
Authors: Dababneh Reem H. , Khouri Antwan T. , Smith Roger G. , Addy Martin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Scoring of supragingival plaque is common to epidemiological studies, oral hygiene assessments and clinical trials of oral hygiene products. These clinical practices utilize indices such as the Turesky et al. (1970, Journal of Periodontology41, pp. 41–43) modification [Turesky Plaque Index (TPI)] of the Quigley & Hein (1962, Journal of the American Dental Association65, pp. 26–29) plaque index for evaluating plaque extension. Whilst this index is in common use by clinicians, there is potential for ambiguity in the interpretation of scores by different examiners. The aims of this study were to compare examiner agreement between a new method of plaque scoring (NMPS) and TPI, and to determine if there was a correlation between the two indices.Methods: Simulated plaque was scored from eight study casts, each consisting of 14 teeth. The two indices were both scored twice from the study casts by eight examiners experienced in plaque scoring. The first readings obtained were analysed for a correlation between the indices and between‐examiner variability. Within‐examiner variability was assessed using both first and second readings of each index.Results: A positive correlation was found between the two indices (r = 0.717). The NMPS was found to have better inter‐ and intra‐examiner agreement than TPI.Conclusion: The NMPS was found to have less variability within and between examiners than TPI: evaluation of NMPS in a clinical setting would now appear warranted.
Validity and limitations of self‐reported periodontal health
Authors: Buhlin Kåre , Gustafsson Anders , Andersson Kerstin , Håkansson Jan , Klinge Björn 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: To study the agreement between self‐reported dental conditions and clinical findings in an adult population (20–84 years of age), and thus evaluate questionnaires as a tool in epidemiological studies of oral health, in general, and periodontal health, in particular.Material and methods: A questionnaire was sent to 900 randomly selected subjects in the age groups 20–29, 50–59 and 75–84 years. Of these, 723 subjects (81.0%) answered the questionnaire and 20% of them underwent a clinical examination.Results: As regards the remaining teeth, there was a mean difference of 1.4 teeth between the number indicated in the questionnaire and that found on the clinical examination. This difference was most marked in the older subjects. Eight of the nine subjects with removable dentures reported in their answers that they had removable dentures. Periodontal variables – we found significantly more subjects with pathological gingival pockets among those who stated that they had pockets than among those who answered that they did not (P = 0.01; chi‐square independent test). Gingival bleeding was common in those who answered ‘Yes’ than in those who answered ‘No’ to the question concerning bleeding gums. This difference was significant (P = 0.05; chi‐square independent test) in the three age groups. However, there was no correlation between the questionnaires and the clinical examination concerning tooth mobility.Conclusion: Questionnaires concerning oral status are valid concerning the number of remaining teeth and use of removable dentures. They are less reliable about specific periodontal variables, but can still become a valuable tool for epidemiological studies of periodontal health.
Development of a condition‐specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: II. Validity and responsiveness testing
Authors: Cunningham Susan J. , Garratt Andrew M. , Hunt Nigel P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe assessment of quality of life is becoming increasingly important in dentistry. This may be measured using two groups of instruments: generic and condition‐specific. Objectives: This paper describes the processes of validity and responsiveness testing of a condition‐specific quality of life measure for patients who present with severe dentofacial deformity requesting orthognathic treatment (the so‐called Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire). The development of the instrument is described in a previous paper. Method: The OQLQ was tested for validity using a visual analogue scale and also the Short‐Form 36 health survey questionnaire. Responsiveness was tested using longitudinal data obtained before, during and after orthognathic treatment. Results and Conclusions: The OQLQ shows good evidence of validity and responsiveness. This, together with previous evidence of good reliability, suggests that the instrument may prove useful in both clinical trials and in quality assurance.
Risk indicators for apical periodontitis
Authors: Kirkevang Lise‐Lotte , Wenzel Ann 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify risk indicators for apical periodontitis (AP) in the individual. A parameter was defined as a ‘risk indicator’ when its presence increased the individual's risk of exhibiting AP. Risk indicators may, but need not be directly associated with the disease.Methods: The study included full‐mouth surveys of 613 randomly selected individuals, who were 20–60 years old and living in Aarhus County. Logistic regression analyses were performed. The outcome variable was ≥1 AP/no AP. The independent variables were obtained from information on socioeconomic and dental status.Results: It was found that smoking, no usage of services from the dentist, ≥2 secondary caries lesions, ≥3 inadequate coronal fillings and the presence of root filling(s) were statistically associated with AP. A separate analysis for individuals with no previous root fillings showed that individuals with regular dental visits as well as individuals who had all their teeth (third three molars excluded) were less likely to have AP, whereas individuals who had ≥3 inadequate coronal fillings were more likely to have AP.Conclusions: The results from the present study of a Danish population showed that the most important risk indicator of having AP in the individual was the radiographic evidence of root fillings. The presence of several caries lesions, the quality of the dental treatment, the regularity of dental visits and smoking were also statistically associated with AP. Further, the socioeconomic status of the individual did not provide much additional information on the periapical status.
Immunohistochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase in skin tumors
Authors: Kagoura Masayori , Toyoda Masahiko , Matsui Chihiro , Morohashi Masaaki 
Published: March 2003

Background: Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of polyamines. Induction of ODC and polyamine synthesis has been demonstrated in neoplastic tumors and is thought to be related to the degree of malignancy.Methods: In this study, we investigated a series of basal cell epitheliomas (BCE), Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and metastatic tumors of the skin using an antibody against ODC for immunohistochemistry.Results: Eight of 12 cases of BCE failed to show a positive reaction for ODC. In Bowen's disease, 5 of 13 cases diffusely showed positive reaction for ODC. Fourteen of 15 cases of SCC showed ODC expression, the intensity of which was decreased in the peripheral layer. At higher magnification, the distribution of ODC in the positive SCC cases showed granular and heterogenous patterns. Ten of 14 cases of metastatic skin tumors exhibited positive reactions, and well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas tended to show more strongly positive than poorly‐differentiated ones.Conclusions: These results support the conclusion that the intensity and the incidence of positive immunohistochemical staining for ODC correlate with the degree of cellular differentiation, and furthermore, that heterogenous distribution of ODC staining may be associated with heterogeneity of tumor cells.
CGRP‐immunoreactive nerves in prurigo nodularis – an exploration of neurogenic inflammation
Authors: Liang Yong , Jacobi Henrik H. , Reimert Claus M. , Haak‐Frendscho Mary , Marcusson Jan A. , Johansson Olle 
Published: March 2003

Background: The present study has explored the localization and distribution of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers in prurigo nodularis, especially emphasizing its relationships to mast cells and eosinophils, which all are important contributors to inflammation.Methods: The exact localization of CGRP in the nerve fibers of prurigo nodularis lesional skin has been clarified by an ultrastructural immunogold labelling technique; and the relationships of CGRP‐IR nerve fibers to tryptase‐IR mast cells or eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)‐IR eosinophils were also investigated by immunofluorescence double‐labelling.Results: This ultrastructural study has demonstrated that CGRP immunoreactivity is increased in the dense‐core vesicles in the axons of the prurigo nodularis lesional skin; the axons which contain CGRP are, in addition, enlarged and have more dense‐core vesicles than the axons which do not contain CGRP. The immunofluorescence investigation demonstrated that tryptase‐containing mast cells and ECP‐containing eosinophils also are significantly increased in the lesional skin.Conclusions: The results indicate that certain neurons increasingly express CGRP, which may dynamically result in a neurogenic inflammation in the lesional skin, through vasodilatation, and recruitment and regulation of inflammatory cells, e.g. eosinophils and mast cells.
Pagetoid dyskeratosis of the prepuce. An incidental histologic finding resembling extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Val‐Bernal J. Fernando , Garijo M. Francisca 
Published: March 2003

Background: Pale cells resembling those of paget's disease have been seen as an incidental finding within the epidermis in a variety of benign papules most commonly located in intertriginous areas. This lesion, called pagetoid dyskeratosis, is considered a reactive process in which a small part of the normal population of keratinocytes is induced to proliferate. Among the inductors friction is suspected. As far as we know, these cells have not been reported in the penis.Methods: Here we describe the location of the lesion in the foreskin and the incidence of this lesion in a group of 281 unselected patiets surgically treated for phimosis. In selected cases histochemical staining and immunohistochemical studies were performed.Results: Pagetoid dyskeratosis was found in 105 cases (37.4%) but only in 5 cases (1.8%) the lesion was conspicuous. The cells of pagetoid dyskeratosis show an immunohistochemical profile different from the surrounding keratinocytes characterized by premature keratinization. Pagetoid dyskeratosis cells must be distinguished from the artefactual clear cells of the epidermis, from reactive melanocytes, and from pale‐cell acanthosis. In cases in which pagetoid dyskeratosis shows a florid expression there is a hazard of overdiagnosis to the patient. The main differential diagnosis includes extramammary Paget's disease, pagetoid squamous cell carcinoma in situ, epidermotropic metastasis, superficial spreading malignant melanoma, clear cell papulosis, and penile koilocytoses.Conclusions: The pathologist should be familiar with the histologic features of pagetoid dyskeratosis in the foreskin in order to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Routine histologic study is usually sufficient to identify the lesion.