bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and experience of dental caries among Singaporean schoolchildren: A time‐trend analysis from 2007 to 2019
Authors: Peres Karen Glazer , Li Huihua , Tan Melissa , Lim Wanyi , Wong Yim Heng , Lai Bien , Eu Oy Chu , Peres Marco Aurelio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to describe caries prevalence and experience trends of permanent teeth among Singapore schoolchildren between 2007 and 2019.MethodsAnonymized records of all 6‐year‐old Primary 1 (P1), 11‐year‐old Primary 6 (P6) and 14‐year‐old Secondary 3 (S3) before the start of each school year were extracted from the Integrated Dental Electronic Assessment System (IDEAS) by school level, ethnicity and sex. Prais–Winsten regression was used to assess trends of mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and caries prevalence (% DMFT > 0) among the schoolchildren by school level, with reported Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) together with respective 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsIn total, 519 471 P1, 566 573 P6 and 548 138 S3 were included during the above period, and the majority were comprised of Chinese children (P1: 67.2%, P6: 68.8% and S3: 71.0%, respectively). Overall, the prevalence of caries dropped from 6.9% in 2007 to 3.5% in 2019 among P1, from 34.5% in 2009 to 20.3% in 2019 among P6 and from 41.5% in 2007 to 33.5% in 2019 among S3 schoolchildren. The mean DMFT reduced from 0.11 to 0.05 among P1, 0.72 to 0.35 among P6 and 1.05 to 0.76 among S3 schoolchildren during the same period. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT were consistently higher among girls. On average, caries prevalence decreased 5% per year in P1 (AAPC −5.0 [95% CI: −6.1, −3.9]) and P6 (AAPC −4.9 [95% CI: −5.7, −4.1]) and 2% among S3 (AAPC −2.0 [95% CI: −3.5, −0.4]) schoolchildren. Caries prevalence decreased approximately 4% ~ 5% annually among P1 and P6 schoolchildren regardless of ethnicity. The average decrease in caries prevalence was lower (about 2%) among all ethnicities at S3 school level.ConclusionDental caries in permanent dentition of Singaporean schoolchildren had decreased from 2007 to 2019. However, the decrease observed among primary school students was more than double that among secondary schoolchildren.
Banking concentration, financial openness, and financial development
Authors: Ghossoub Edgar A. , Harrison Andre , Reed Robert R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examine how financial development in the banking sector depends on the degree of capital account openness and the degree of bank concentration across countries. Using data on 136 countries, we find that the relationship of openness to credit market activity depends on the level of economic development. In high income countries, openness is only associated with higher credit market activity in concentrated banking systems. However, in developing countries, there is evidence that openness is associated with higher credit market activity regardless of concentration. Moreover, in contrast to previous work we examine how the impact of concentration depends on openness.
Measuring auditory event‐related potentials at the external ear canal: A demonstrative study using a new electrode and error‐feedback paradigm
Authors: Arao Hiroshi , Suwazono Shugo , Kimura Akio , Asano Hirotoshi , Suzuki Hiroaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough ear canal electroencephalogram (EEG) recording has received interest from basic and applied research communities, evidence on how it can be implemented in practice is limited. The present study involving eight male participants including the authors presents the utility of our ear canal electrode and method by demonstrating both comparability of ear canal EEG to those at nearby sites and distinctiveness that ear canal event‐related potentials (ERPs) could have. For this purpose, we used the balanced noncephalic electrode reference and an experimental paradigm with an error‐feedback sound. Clear auditory ERPs were detected at the ear canal sites with a sufficiently low noise level comparable with those at conventional sites. The N1c, a temporal maximum subcomponent, spread over the bilateral temporal sites, including the ear canals and earlobes. While consecutive signals are generally highly similar between the ear canal and the earlobe, the N1c was larger at the ear canal than the earlobe, as demonstrated by the conventional frequentist and the hierarchical Bayesian modelling approaches. Although an evident caveat is that our sample was limited in terms of size and sex, the general capability indicates that the structure of our ear canal electrode provides EEG measurement that can be used in basic and applied settings. Our experimental method can also be an ERP‐based test that conveniently assesses the capability of existing and future ear canal electrodes. The distinctive nature of the ERPs to the error‐feedback sound may be utilized to examine the basic aspects of auditory ERPs and to test the processes involved in feedback‐guided behaviour of participants.
Epilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone: Electroclinical features and prognostic patterns
Authors: Cerulli Irelli Emanuele , Gesche Joanna , Schlabitz Sophie , Fortunato Francesco , Catania Cecilia , Morano Alessandra , Labate Angelo , Vorderwülbecke Bernd J. , Gambardella Antonio , Baykan Betül , Holtkamp Martin , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Beier Christoph P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (GTCA) is a common but poorly characterized idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) syndrome. Hence, we investigated electroclinical features, seizure outcome, and antiseizure medication (ASM) withdrawal in a large cohort of GTCA patients.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, GTCA patients defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the International League Against Epilepsy (2022) were included. We investigated prognostic patterns, drug resistance at the last visit, and ASM withdrawal, along with their prognostic factors.ResultsWe included 247 patients with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at onset of 17 years (13–22) and a median follow‐up duration of 10 years (IQR = 5–20). Drug resistance at the last visit was observed in 40 (16.3%) patients, whereas the median latency to achieve 2‐year remission was 24 months (IQR = 24–46.5) with a median number of 1 (IQR = 1–2) ASM. During the long‐term follow‐up (i.e., 202 patients followed ≥5‐years after the first ASM trial), 69 (34.3%) patients displayed an early remission pattern and 36 (17.9%) patients displayed a late remission pattern, whereas 16 (8%) and 73 (36.3%) individuals had no‐remission and relapsing–remitting patterns, respectively. Catamenial seizures and morning predominance of generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) independently predicted drug resistance at the last visit according to multivariable logistic regression. Treatment withdrawal was attempted in 63 (25.5%) patients, with 59 (93.7%) of them having at least a 12‐month follow‐up after ASM discontinuation. At the last visit, 49 (83%) of those patients had experienced GTCS recurrence. A longer duration of seizure freedom was the only factor predicting a higher chance of successful ASM withdrawal according to multivariable Cox regression.SignificanceGTCA could be considered a relatively easily manageable IGE syndrome, with a low rate of drug resistance and a high prevalence of early response to treatment. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of patients experience relapsing patterns of seizure control, highlighting the need for appropriate counseling and lifestyle recommendations.
Magnetic resonance imaging features to evaluate the neonatal hypoglycemia brain injury and investigation of related risk factors under the fuzzy C‐means clustering intelligent algorithm
Authors: Jin Dongmei , Zhang Zhongxu , Ma Yanru , Dai Zhushan , Zhao Lili , Ma Tongyao , Chen Guoping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis research was aimed to analyse the application value of magnetic resonance imaging based on Fuzzy C‐means (FCM) algorithm in neonatal hypoglycemia brain injury (HBI), and explore the risk factors related to the occurrence of brain injury in children, to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. 114 children with hypoglycemia were divided into brain injury group (58 cases) and no brain injury group (56 cases) according to whether they had brain injury or not. The MRI image signal performance, general data, average minimum blood glucose value, duration of hypoglycemia, first feeding time, age of onset of hypoglycemia, and algorithm segmentation performance of the two groups of patients were observed and compared. Furthermore, the Logistic factor analysis was carried out to summarize the MRI characteristics and related risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemic brain injury. The results showed that the average minimum blood glucose (1.09 ± 0.53 mmoL/L) in the brain injury group was lower than that in the non‐brain injury group (1.75 ± 0.49 mmoL/L), and the duration of hypoglycemia (43.1 ± 21.07 h) was higher than that in the non‐brain injury group (13.79 ± 6.81 h), p < 0.05. The first feeding time and age of hypoglycemia in the brain injury group were higher than those in the non‐brain injury group, showing a difference with p < 0.05. In the brain injury group, all 58 cases showed high DWI (diffusion weighted imaging) signal at the damaged site at the early stage of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and 23 cases (39.66%) were involved in parieto‐occipital lobe. Image segmentation coefficient of Vpc increased significantly under FCM clustering algorithm (p < 0.05). Late first feeding time, low blood sugar level, and long duration were high risk factors for hypoglycemic brain injury. In conclusion, MRI images based on FCM clustering algorithm had higher image quality. Late first feeding time, low blood sugar level, and long duration of hypoglycemia were high risk factors for hypoglycemic brain injury.
Phase evolution during conventional and reactive flash sintering of (Mg,Ni,Co,Cu,Zn)O via in situ X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Yoon Bola , Campos João V , Lavagnini Isabela R , Avila Viviana , Gardner James M , Ghose Sanjit K. , Jesus Lílian M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReactive flash sintering (RFS) enables the simultaneous synthesis and sintering of ceramics and has been shown to affect the reaction pathway of different materials. Herein, in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is used to investigate the (Mg,Ni,Co,Cu,Zn)O entropy‐stabilized oxide formation during: (i) conventional heating and (ii) RFS under current rate‐controlled mode. The same reaction pathway is verified in both instances: the starting rock‐salt (RS), spinel (Co3O4), tenorite (CuO), and wurtzite (ZnO) phases transform into a single RS phase with a (1 1 1) to (2 0 0) intensity ratio of 0.67, consistent with a random distribution of the cations into the structure. Pt lattice peak shift from the XRD patterns is used as standard to monitor the sample surface temperature, revealing a strong endothermic reaction during the RS single‐phase formation (Pt peaks shift toward higher angles while increasing sample temperature/current density). In RFS, the single‐phase RS structure is formed in just 60 s at a furnace temperature of 600°C and a current rate of 220 mA mm−2/min. Therefore, RFS greatly accelerates the synthesis of (Mg,Ni,Co,Cu,Zn)O, however, it does not play a role in the reaction pathway for this material formation.
Measurement invariance of the group climate inventory across adults with and without mild intellectual disability in secure residential facilities
Authors: Turhan Abdullah , Roest Jesse J. , Delforterie Monique J. , Van der Helm G. H. Peer , Neimeijer Elien G. , Didden Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Group Climate Inventory (GCI) was tested for measurement invariance across 332 adults with and 225 adults without mild intellectual disabilities in Dutch forensic treatment, and for latent mean differences on its Support, Growth, Repression, and Atmosphere subscales.MethodMultigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the configural, threshold, and loading and threshold invariance of the GCI across both groups, and to compare group latent means on each subscale.ResultsMeasurement invariance was found across groups. Latent mean group comparisons showed small but significant differences reflected in lower scores on Support and Atmosphere in the group with mild intellectual disabilities.ConclusionThe GCI allows meaningful comparisons between clients with and without mild intellectual disabilities in secure facilities. Results from the between‐group comparisons suggest that consideration should be given as to whether, and why, the support and atmosphere perceptions of clients with mild intellectual disabilities might be less good.
Market impacts of the 2020 short selling bans
Authors: Spolaore Alessandro , Le Moign Caroline 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt the height of the COVID‐19 related market stress in March 2020, six European countries implemented market‐wide short selling bans. Based on a difference‐in‐difference approach using regulatory data, our estimation finds that the bans are associated with a deterioration in liquidity and trading volumes, and a decrease in volatility, without evidence of price impact. Remarkably, the negative impact persisted after the bans' lift. Liquidity deterioration appears stronger for liquid shares‐ large‐cap, highly fragmented stocks, and stocks with listed derivatives. Sectoral effects are noticed for the stocks most affected by the market stress. Finally, no displacement effect was observed.
The Effects of Fiscal Policy When Planning Horizons are Finite
Authors: LUSTENHOUWER JOEP , MAVROMATIS KOSTAS 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the importance of planning horizons for fiscal multipliers in a New‐Keynesian model with bounded rationality. We show that, when agents have shorter planning horizons, government spending multipliers are smaller, whereas labor tax cut multipliers are larger. Furthermore, Ricardian equivalence breaks down, and transfer shocks feature a negative multiplier. Results are driven by the cognitive limitations of finite planning horizons that lead agent's expectations to deviate from the fully rational benchmark. We find larger investment responses, which are more in line with empirical findings than those of models with longer planning horizons, rule‐of‐thumb households, or a Blanchard–Yaari structure.
Police officers' perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child victims and witnesses
Authors: Salhab Gadda , Akehurst Lucy , Cassidy Hannah , Talwar Victoria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThis two‐phase study employed a mixed‐methods design to explore UK police officers' perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child witnesses with a special focus on the recommended inclusion of Truth‐Lies Discussions (TLDs) at the start of interviews with children.MethodIn Phase 1, police officers completed an online survey designed to cover their experiences and perceptions regarding truth‐promotion with child witnesses. In Phase 2, police officers were individually interviewed to elicit an in‐depth understanding of current practice relating to this aspect of investigative interviews with children.ResultsAround half of the survey respondents believed that TLDs promote honesty in children. The majority reported always using TLDs during interviews to ensure compliance with UK best‐practice guidance. There was evidence of a misconception among some police officers that children's performance on TLDs was related to their subsequent truth‐telling behaviour. Following analysis of the interview transcripts, we found a main theme of police officers' uses of TLDs, which included (i) gauging children's conceptual understanding of truths/lies, (ii) ensuring no deviation from guidance and (iii) communicating children's credibility to the court. A second main theme revealed the challenges and obstacles police officers perceived when embarking on TLDs. These were that (i) one type of TLD is not suitable for all children, (ii) the training is insignificant and the application is inappropriate and (iii) participants sometimes use alternative strategies to promote honesty with children.ConclusionPolice officers reported following guidance because a failure to do so would jeopordise children's testimony and provided recommendations for future practice‐informed research designs to test techniques for the promotion of honesty in child witnesses.
Interspecies transcriptomic comparison identifies a potential porto‐sinusoidal vascular disorder rat model suitable for in vivo drug testing
Authors: Campreciós Genís , Vilaseca Marina , Tripathi Dinesh M. , Montironi Carla , Díaz Alba , Aguilar Daniel , García‐Calderó Héctor , Montañés Rosa , Anton Aina , Hernández‐Gea Virginia , García‐Pagán Joan Carles 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPorto‐sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) involves a group of rare vascular liver diseases of unknown aetiology that may lead to the development of portal hypertension and its life‐threatening complications. Its pathophysiology is not well understood, and animal models described to date do not fully recapitulate human disease.MethodsWe developed three different PSVD rat models by either immunosensitization (repetitive intraportal LPS or intramuscular spleen extract injections) or toxic (Selfox: combination of FOLFOX and a selenium‐enriched diet) treatment and characterized them at haemodynamic, histological, biochemical and transcriptional levels. We compared these results to human data.ResultsAll three models developed significant portal hypertension, while only the LPS and the Selfox models displayed PSVD‐specific and nonspecific histological alterations in the absence of cirrhosis. Transcriptional comparison between rat models and human data showed that both LPS and Selfox models recapitulate the main transcriptional alterations observed in humans, especially regarding haemostasis, oxidative phosphorylation and cell cycle regulation. Reproducibility and feasibility was higher for the Selfox model.ConclusionsThe Selfox rat model faithfully reproduces the main alterations described in PSVD. Its use as a preclinical model for drug testing in progressing PSVD can be a significant step forward towards the development of new therapeutic targets for this rare condition.
Regulatory NADH dehydrogenase‐like complex optimizes C4 photosynthetic carbon flow and cellular redox in maize
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Tian Shilong , Chen Genyun , Tang Qiming , Zhang Yijing , Fleming Andrew J. , Zhu Xin‐Guang , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2023

Summary
C4 plants typically operate a CO2 concentration mechanism from mesophyll (M) cells into bundle sheath (BS) cells. NADH dehydrogenase‐like (NDH) complex is enriched in the BS cells of many NADP‐malic enzyme (ME) type C4 plants and is more abundant in C4 than in C3 plants, but to what extent it is involved in the CO2 concentration mechanism remains to be experimentally investigated.
We created maize and rice mutants deficient in NDH function and then used a combination of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches for comparative analysis.
Considerable decreases in growth, photosynthetic activities, and levels of key photosynthetic proteins were observed in maize but not rice mutants. However, transcript abundance for many cyclic electron transport (CET) and Calvin–Benson cycle components, as well as BS‐specific C4 enzymes, was increased in maize mutants. Metabolite analysis of the maize ndh mutants revealed an increased NADPH : NADP ratio, as well as malate, ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate (RuBP), fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate (FBP), and photorespiration intermediates.
We suggest that by optimizing NADPH and malate levels and adjusting NADP‐ME activity, NDH functions to balance metabolic and redox states in the BS cells of maize (in addition to ATP supply), coordinating photosynthetic transcript abundance and protein content, thus directly regulating the carbon flow in the two‐celled C4 system of maize.
Treatment of Unstable Sacral Fractures with Robotically‐aided Minimally Invasive Triangular Fixation
Authors: Tian Wei , Jia Feng‐Shuang , Zheng Jia‐Ming , Jia Jian 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe treatment of unstable sacral fractures is huge challenge to surgeons. Robotically‐aided minimally invasive triangular fixation (RoboTFX) is the most advanced technique up to now. This study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of unstable sacral fractures treated with RoboTFX.MethodsFrom March 2017 to October 2021, 48 consecutive patients with unstable sacral fractures were included in the study. All patients received surgical treatment with triangular fixation (TFX). Patients were divided into four groups according to the number of fractures (uni‐ or bilateral) and surgical method employed (RoboTFX or traditional open TFX). Between these four groups, clinical data on operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, infection rate, fracture healing rates, insertion accuracy, Majeed pelvic outcome score, Mears' criterion, and Gibbons score were compared. Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and compared using Student's t‐test. Categorical variable were compared using the Pearson's χ2 test.ResultsComparing unilateral RoboTFX versus open TFX, neither fracture healing rate, infection rate, Majeed pelvic outcome score, Mears' radiological evaluation criterion, nor Gibbons score of the two groups were statistically significantly different (p > 0.05). However, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, and insertion accuracy in the RoboTFX group were all significantly better than those of the traditional open group (p < 0.05). Likewise, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, and accuracy of fixation insertion of the bilateral RoboTFX group were significantly better than those of the bilateral open group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile infection rate, fracture healing rate, Majeed score, Mears' criterion, and Gibbons score of two groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05).ConclusionRoboTFX has the advantages of less operation time, less intraoperative bleeding and fluoroscopy, more accurate fixation insertion, and a higher healing rate compared to traditional open methods in the treatment of unstable sacral fractures. However, RoboTFX requires a few critical considerations, and the indications of its operation should be strictly evaluated.
Partisanship, Trump favorability, and changes in support for trade
Authors: Keser Ceren , Garand James C. , Xu Ping , Essig Joseph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhy has the relationship between partisan identification and Americans' trade attitudes shifted in recent years? We suggest that recent shifts in trade attitudes among partisans are driven by Donald Trump, who staked out a position on trade that is at odds with the position on trade traditionally held by Republicans. Using panel data from the Voter Study Group (VSG) surveys from 2011, 2016, and 2017, we conduct cross‐sectional analyses showing that the relationship between partisanship and trade attitudes has shifted dramatically from 2011 to 2016/2017; in 2011, Republicans were significantly more supportive of expanded trade, but by 2016/2017 the relationship had reversed, with Democrats significantly more supportive of trade. We link changes over time in trade attitudes with how Americans evaluate Trump: individuals with favorable attitudes toward Donald Trump are significantly more likely to shift their attitudes in an antitrade direction from 2011 to 2016. Because so many more Republicans have favorable attitudes toward Trump, the aggregate effect of Trump favorability is to shift Republicans as a group to be less favorable toward trade than Democrats. We suggest that Donald Trump has had a transformative effect on Americans' trade attitudes, with previous supporters (opponents) of expanded trade now expressing opposing (supporting) attitudes.