bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators to PrEP Uptake and Adherence among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Attending Family Planning Clinics in Mulanje District, Malawi: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kayange Martin , Mopamboli Patty , OGBONNA GRACE , Jumbe Vincent 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Malawi, with an 8% HIV prevalence, are disproportionately affected by HIV (1), making PrEP a fundumental prevention mechanism. However, PrEP uptake is affected by individual, interpersonal, community, institutional, and structural factors. Identifying these factors is important to improving HIV prevention and achieving the 95-95-95 HIV goals. This study aims to explore these factors influencing PrEP uptake and adherence among AGYW in Mulanje District, providing understing for targeted interventions to increase PrEP coverage and reduce HIV incidence.
Methods
This research employed a Hybrid Type 1 qualitative design, focusing on Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) aged 15–24. The study was stratified based on PrEP status, including current users, those identified as eligible but not initiated, and those who have discontinued PrEP. Data collection involved interviews with 30 participants and one focus group discussion with healthcare providers. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns and insights, and the results are presented through a comprehensive narrative and tables highlighting key themes and quotes.
Results
Our analysis revealed several barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake and adherence among AGYW. Barriers included stigma and social perception, Healthcare accessibility challenges, and limited awareness and education. Facilitators involved social and peer support, healthcare provider engagement, and convenient and responsive services by staffs. Strategies to enhance PrEP adherence included increasing accessibility, awareness campaigns, integrating PrEP with other health services, and peer and social support initiatives. These findings highlight the need for multi-faceted approaches to address barriers and strengthen facilitators to improve PrEP uptake and adherence, and also implement the suggested interventions.
Conclusion
Addressing barriers to PrEP uptake among AGYW in Mulanje District requires a complex approach. Key barriers include stigma, healthcare access issues, and low awareness, while facilitators like involved social and peer support, healthcare provider engagement, and convenient and responsive services by staffs. Recommendations to improve PrEP use include enhancing healthcare access, using peer support, and integrating PrEP with other services, and initiating community awareness campaigns. These strategies are important for overcoming barriers, improving adherence, and supporting HIV prevention in Malawi.
Investigating the selectivity of botanical and synthetic insecticides on Doru luteipes: there is no simple answer
Authors: Santana Emile Dayara Rabelo , Thiesen Leonardo Vinicius , Yamada Mariana , Ramos Gabryele Silva , Bueno Isabella , Ribeiro Leandro do Prado , Yamamoto Pedro Takao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

To achieve sustainability in agricultural pest management, it is essential to integrate chemical and biological control through selectivity studies. In this study, we evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of both botanical and synthetic insecticides used for controlling the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on its natural enemy Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). For this purpose, bioassays of mortality, behavior, and transgenerational effects were conducted. Botanical insecticides rich in acetogenins and limonoids caused less than 30% mortality in D. luteipes nymphs (2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars). In contrast, chlorantraniliprole-based insecticide (Premio®) was highly toxic, presenting mortality above 80% at all nymphal stages and reducing predation capacity by 55.97% and walking velocity by 28.44% compared to the control. Aqueous emulsion of the ethanolic extract from Annona mucosa seeds (ESAM) reduced the longevity of the adults to 88.88 days. Chlorantraniliprole resulted in the shortest pre-oviposition period (9.44 days), followed by a limonoids-based botanical insecticide (Azamax®) (11.00 days). Fourth-instar nymphs of the F1 generation showed lower viability (54.54%) in the treatment with aqueous emulsion of the methanolic fraction from Annona montana leaves (EFAMON). The annonin-based commercial botanical insecticide (Anosom®) affected life table parameters, reducing the intrinsic growth rate (rm = 0.039) and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.04). These findings indicate that botanical insecticides are less hazardous to the natural enemy D. luteipes than synthetic insecticide. This study provides important insights for improving pest control while preserving natural enemies.
Efficacy of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severe Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning Cases: A Real World Experience.
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Prakash Jai , Berwal Kirti , Arya Gaurav , Narwal Varun , Arora Ekal , Kumar Anoop , Yadav Nisha , Chaudhry Dhruva , Dhankar Aman , Arora Sonalika , Yadav Anand Kumar , Singh Jagjeet , Ahuja Aman , Singh Pawan Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose: Aluminium Phosphide poisoning is common among agriculture dominant economies especially southeast Asia. Mitochondrial toxicity caused by AlP leads to hemodynamic collapse without any antidote. Mortality is high despite optimum supportive care. In anecdotal studies extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been shown to reduce mortality.
Methods:This was a retrospective single centre study of aluminium phosphide cases managed from 2019 to 2023. Data of all cases who underwent treatment with ECMO was retrieved and analyzed.
Results: Of 182 cases admitted with diagnosis of AlP poisoning 78 underwent VA (veno-arterial) ECMO (mean age 34.4years). 60 (76.9%) had multi-organ dysfunction at the time of presentation. 74 (94.9%) of the subjects had ECG changes. ECMO was initiated in emergency room in 68 (87.2%) whereas in 8 (10.3%) ECMO was initiate during CPR. Most subjects required concurrent renal replacement therapy initiation (53, 67.9%). Mean time to ECMO initiation was 1.48±1.2 hours from arrival to ER. Mean duration of ECMO was 50.1±23.9 hours and mean ICU length of stay was 7.17±5.6 days. Out of 78 cases- 53 survived and 25 expired despite ECMO support. During the hospital stay, 15 (19.2%) developed one or the other ECMO related complications Lactate levels at the time of arrival were significantly higher among the patients who died (p=0.026).
Conclusion: VA-ECMO was found to be associated with significant survival benefit in high risk cases of AlP poisoning. Close monitoring of the blood gas parameters and cardiac function variables is vital for identifying the potentially salvageable cases.
Study on demographic and sociological factors influencing the outcome of vaginal trial of labor for subsequent pregnancies after cesarean section
Authors: Nie Xiaocheng , Chen Lin , Ao Li , Wang Xuan , XU Juncui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective To explore the demographic and sociological factors influencing the outcome of trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) during subsequent pregnancy, aimed at improving the success rate of TOLAC.
Methods Adopting a prospective nested case-control study.Follow up on the vaginal trial outcomes of 562 pregnant women with scar uterus who met the inclusion criteria.132 cases of scarred uterus transferred to cesarean section were included in the study group and 430 scarred uterus cases of successful vaginal delivery were included in the control group.Compare the differences between the two groups in demographic sociology and obstetric conditions and further conduct correlation analysis on indicators with statistical differences between groups.
Results Single factor comparison between groups showed statistical differences between the two groups in terms of education level, vaginal delivery history over 28 weeks, natural labor, cervical score, and intraspinal delivery analgesia (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age and ethnicity(P>0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a negative correlation between educational level and vaginal trial delivery failure in scarred uterus pregnancy (OR=0.692, P<0.05),The negative correlation was discovered between known confounding factors (≥ 28 weeks of vaginal delivery history, natural labor, cervical score, intraspinal delivery analgesia) and TOLAC failure(P<0.05) . There was no interaction between educational level and the various known confounding factors included (OR=1, P>0.05).
Conclusion Educational level is an independent factor affecting the outcome of TOLAC, and there is a negative correlation between educational level and TOLAC failure.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen scientific education, psychological guidance, and psychological support for pregnant women with scarred uterus who have lower educational level in order to improve the success rate of TOLAC.
Stress prediction for slopes based on the VMD-DBO-GRU-A model
Authors: Bai Lichun , Zhao Ronghui , Lin Sen , Chai Zishu , Wang Xuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The stability of open-pit mine slopes is a complex nonlinear system. Stress variation is a significant influencing factor in the occurrence of landslide disasters and is also a key research focus in landslide early warning and risk assessment.However, traditional methods are confronted with challenges, including low prediction accuracy and poor robustness when dealing with nonlinear time series data. In order to address the aforementioned issues, the present paper proposes an intelligent prediction model based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO), combined with an improved Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), which is hereby referred to as the VMD-DBO-GRU-A model.The preliminary preprocessing of open pit mine slope stress data using VMD can provide high decomposition accuracy and can effectively extract localized features in the stress; The method introduces Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO) to determine the number of hidden neuron layers and the optimal learning rate for the GRU. This reduces the uncertainty of model parameters and minimizes the time required for parameter tuning; Self-attention mechanism is also added to assign different weights to the input features, which reduces the dependence on external information and is more adept at capturing the internal relevance of the data or features. In order to verify the validity of the model, experiments are conducted on a self-constructed stress dataset in this paper. The experimental results show that the root-mean-square error of the VMD-DBO-GRU-A model has decreased by 77% and 84% compared with the LSTM and SVM models, respectively, and the coefficient of determination is 0.9978, which fully verifies that the VMD-DBO-GRU-A model has an excellent comprehensive performance and high prediction accuracy, which is of great value for the practical application of landslide early warning for open-pit mines’ slopes.
Energy consumption prediction of PEVs incorporating traffic flow information
Authors: Chen Yong , Song Zeyu , Chen Ruoyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The problem of range anxiety caused by the discrepancy between the mileage on the dashboard and the driving mileage of pure electric vehicles (PEVs) is one of the most important reasons hindering the development of PEVs. Prediction of energy consumption can effectively reduce the driver's range anxiety and provide support for energy management strategies optimization and energy-efficient route plan. To this end, this paper analyzes the effects of velocity, environment and driving style on energy consumption from the real driving data of PEVs. Based on the analysis, a driving condition prediction method combining with real-time traffic information is proposed, and integrated into the energy consumption prediction model. The real-world trip test results show that the prediction errors of RMSE and MAPE of the proposed method are respectively reduced by 66.37% and 68.10% compared to the conventional method.
Optical Properties of Cr Thin Films as Substrates for Microalgae Detection Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry based Sensor
Authors: Herawati Asmida , Khasanah Riza Ariyani Nur , Santoso Iman , Suharyadi Edi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Developing sensitive and reliable sensors for detecting microalgae is vital for various environmental and industrial applications. This study investigates the potential of chromium (Cr) thin films as substrates in spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE)-based sensors. Optical properties of Cr thin films (20–75 nm) were characterized using SE, showing a strong thickness dependence that directly impacts their suitability for sensing technologies. For 75 nm Cr thin films, the optical constants n and k closely align with those of bulk Cr, resulting in high reflectance, low absorption, and stable performance across a broad light spectrum, making 75 nm film particularly well-suited for multi-wavelength sensing applications. In contrast, as the thickness decreases, quantum confinement effects become increasingly pronounced, particularly at 30 nm and 20 nm. This leads to modified optical responses, such as increased n and k particularly at specific photon energy ranges, due to enhanced electron-photon interactions. The tunable optical properties of Cr thin films make them adaptable for applications requiring customized responses. Optimal conditions for microalgae detection were identified with a Cr thin film thickness of 75 nm, and photon energy range of 2.65‒3.30 eV. This was confirmed by a significant change in the ellipsometry parameter Δ (40.63°), indicating high sensitivity under these parameters. These findings pave the way for the development of highly sensitive and specific SE-based sensors using Cr thin films as substrates, offering promising advancements in the detection of microalgae for environmental and industrial applications.
Investigation of the Mechanism of Pachyman against Gout Arthritis with Network Pharmacology Analysis and Verification In Vivo
Authors: Kong Qing-xin , Xu Wei-ping , Fan Cheng , Liu Bi-Lin , Reng Li-Ping , Ruan Qiao 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Pachyman, derived from Poria cocos, has been used to treat gouty arthritis
(GA) for thousands of years, although its precise role and mechanisms remain unclear. Herein,
we investigate the therapeutic effects of pachyman on GA and explore their underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
Network pharmacology and experimental methods were employed to investigate the
therapeutic mechanisms of pachyman against GA. The protein-protein interaction network of
shared targets between pachyman and gout was constructed. Furthermore, we elucidated the
functions and mechanisms of pachyman against GA. Subsequently, we validated the predicted
mechanisms from an experiment on rats.

Results:
The treatment of GA with pachyman primarily related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF),
matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and relaxation factor signaling pathways. In the experimental
validation, pachyman were found to regulate the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, superoxide
dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase of hyperuricemic rats.

Conclusion:
These collective findings suggest that pachyman holds promise as an alternative
treatment for GA.
Ir-Catalyzed Intermolecular Arylthiocyanation of Alkenes
Authors: Xu Jie , Leng Jing , Huang Hao , Li Yanan , Chen Ying Qi 
Published: January 2025

Aims:
Organic thiocyanates are important pharmaceutical intermediates. This study
aimed to develop a selective and efficient approach for synthesizing organic thiocyanates.

Methods:
Under mild reaction conditions, an array of alkenes, KSCN, and diaryliodonium salts
are considered good substrates, providing various aryl-substituted alkylthiocyanates with modest
to excellent yield. Radical trapping and nucleophilic trapping experiments were carried out to
explore the mechanistic pathways. The experiments indicated the involvement of free-radical
and carbenium ion intermediate processes. Diaryliodonium salts were used as the radical arylating
reagent, and KSCN was the electrophilic cyanating reagent. Under irradiation, the excited
photocatalyst reduced aryldiazonium salt to aryl radical. Then, the radical was added to olefin to
generate a new radical. Finally, the generated radical was further oxidized and arrested by SCN
anion.

Conclusion:
This coupling reaction provides a straightforward and practical route to construct
various aryl-substituted alkylthiocyanates.
Integrative Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation Reveal the Mechanistic Action of Patchouli Alcohol in Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhai Songhui , Zhao Juan , Cai Jian 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent malignancy, and the use of
androgen deprivation therapies frequently results in treatment resistance, relapse, and the development
of aggressive castration-resistant tumors. Patchouli alcohol, a tricyclic sesquiterpene
derived from Pogostemon cablin of the Labiatae family, has demonstrated potential in modulating
inflammatory responses and tumor progression. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms
through which patchouli alcohol influences inflammatory pathways associated with prostate
cancer using bioinformatics and experimental validation.

Methods:
Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were identified from the GSE46602 dataset,
containing 36 prostate cancer and 14 normal prostate biopsy samples, using the GEO2R tool
(adjusted P < 0.05). Functional annotation was performed using GO and KEGG databases, while
PPI networks were constructed via STRING and Cytoscape. Key hub genes were identified. To
validate the bioinformatics findings, qPCR and Western blotting were employed to confirm the
differential expression of selected hub genes in DU145 prostate cancer cells treated with patchouli
oil.

Results:
Bioinformatic analysis revealed 71 DEGs, including 35 upregulated and 36 downregulated genes. Thirteen hub genes
were identified (DCK, APRT, ADK, KCNK9, ADSL, PKM, KCNK3, S100A10, ENTPD2, PKLR, ARHGEF38, TPK1, and AK5), which were enriched
in pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Ras, and Rap1. Experimental validation confirmed the upregulation of DCK, APRT, KCNK9, ADSL,
PKM, S100A10, ENTPD2, PKLR, ARHGEF38, and AK5, and the downregulation of ADK, KCNK3, and TPK1 at both the mRNA and protein levels.

Conclusion:
Patchouli alcohol appears to influence multiple hub genes associated with prostate
cancer progression through its modulation of key cellular signaling and metabolic pathways.
These findings support its potential role as a therapeutic agent for prostate cancer.
Computed Tomography Radiomics Nomogram to Predict the Intraoperative Hypertensive Crisis of Abdominal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Zhang Qianru , Fang Xu , Ni Liangping , Wang Li , Lu Jianping , Shao Chengwei , Bian Yun 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Patients with abdominal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (PPGL) are prone to a hypertensive crisis during surgery, which may endanger
their lives. This study aimed to develop and validate a Computed Tomography (CT) radiomics nomogram for the prediction of intraoperative
hypertensive crisis in patients with PPGL.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 212 patients with abdominal PPGL underwent abdominal-enhanced CT and surgical resection. Radiomic features were
extracted from arterial and venous phases. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed using an internal validation and an external test
set. The performance of the nomograms was determined by their discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness.

Results:
A total of 212 patients with PPGL were included, involving 44 with hypertensive crises. The patients were divided into training (n = 117),
validation (n = 51), and test (n = 44) sets. Eighteen radiomics-relevant radiomic features were selected. A history of coronary heart disease and the
CT radiomics score were included in the prediction model, which achieved an area under the curve of 0.91 [95% Confidence Interval (CI)
0.85-0.97] in the training set, 0.93 (95% CI 0.84-0.99) in the validation set, and 0.85 (95% CI 0.72-0.97) in the test set. The decision curve analysis
demonstrated the radiomics nomogram to be clinically useful.

Conclusion:
Our study has developed and validated a CT radiomics nomogram that has demonstrated remarkable potential in predicting intraoperative
hypertensive crisis in patients with abdominal pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. This non-invasive, straightforward approach has exhibited
high accuracy, ease of use, and predictive power.
Classification of Molecular Subtypes and Establishment of a
Mitophagy-related Gene Signature to Predict the Prognostic Outcomes for
Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Yang Qiuping , Zou Xiaoping , Lv Fangfang , Zhang Yuhua , Wu Qi 
Published: January 2025

Aim:
The present work set out to classify the molecular subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma
(LUAD) and develop a mitophagy-related gene (MRG) signature to assess the prognostic outcomes
of LUAD patients

Background:
LUAD exhibits high incidence and mortality rates globally. Mitophagy exerts a critical
role in cancer development, including LUAD.

Objective:
We aimed to classify the molecular subtypes of LUAD based on prognosis-related MRGs
and develop a prognostic MRG signature and a RiskScore model for LUAD. The effect of prognostic
signature on the cell viability, migration, and invasion ability of LUAD cells was also verified by
cellular assays.

Methods:
Two datasets were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. MRGs were extracted from the MSigDB. The somatic gene mutation
landscape was developed using the “maftools” package. Molecular subtypes were classified by employing the “ConsensusClusterPlus” package. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using
the “clusterProfiler” package. Mitophagy-related module genes were identified using the “WGCNA”
package and used to develop a prognostic MRG signature employing LASSO Cox regression analysis. Then, a RiskScore model was formulated and validated. Immune cell infiltration in different
groups was compared. The expressions of the prognostic MRGs in LUAD cells were detected by in
vitro tests. CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays were carried out to measure the cell viability, and migratory and invasive capabilities of LUAD cells.

Results:
Somatic gene mutation was detected in 77 (13.58%) out of 567 LUAD patients and 10
(50%) out of 20 prognosis-related MRGs. Based on 20 prognosis-related MRGs, three molecular
LUAD subtypes with distinct prognostic outcomes, clinical features, immune cell infiltration, and
biological pathways were classified. Next, a 9-MRG signature composed of 3 “protective” genes
(PDIK1L, SNX30, PLEKHM1) and 6 “risk” genes (FEZ2, FAF2, HNRNPA2B1, PCMTD1, STK24,
ALG13) was established. Then, a RiskScore model with excellent prognostic predictive power for
LUAD was constructed. The high-risk group showed worse outcomes and decreased immune cell
infiltration in comparison to the low-risk group. Further, the relative mRNA expressions of PDIK1L,
SNX30, and PLEKHM1 were significantly downregulated, while those of FEZ2, FAF2, HNRNPA2B1, PCMTD1, STK24, and ALG13 were notably upregulated in LUAD cells. In addition, silencing SKT24 and PDIK1L significantly affected the invasive and migratory capacities of LUAD cells

Conclusion:
We delineated three molecular subtypes and developed a 9-MRG signature in LUAD,
providing a valuable framework for the prognosis evaluation of LUAD patients.