bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of Variability of Evapotranspiration in California
Authors: Hidalgo Hugo G. , Cayan Daniel R. , Dettinger Michael D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe variability (1990–2002) of potential evapotranspiration estimates (ETo) and related meteorological variables from a set of stations from the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS) is studied. Data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and from the Department of Energy from 1950 to 2001 were used to validate the results. The objective is to determine the characteristics of climatological ETo and to identify factors controlling its variability (including associated atmospheric circulations). Daily ETo anomalies are strongly correlated with net radiation (Rn) anomalies, relative humidity (RH), and cloud cover, and less with average daily temperature (Tavg). The highest intraseasonal variability of ETo daily anomalies occurs during the spring, mainly caused by anomalies below the high ETo seasonal values during cloudy days. A characteristic circulation pattern is associated with anomalies of ETo and its driving meteorological inputs, Rn, RH, and Tavg, at daily to seasonal time scales. This circulation pattern is dominated by 700-hPa geopotential height (Z700) anomalies over a region off the west coast of North America, approximately between 32° and 44° latitude, referred to as the California Pressure Anomaly (CPA). High cloudiness and lower than normal ETo are associated with the low-height (pressure) phase of the CPA pattern. Higher than normal ETo anomalies are associated with clear skies maintained through anomalously high Z700 anomalies offshore of the North American coast. Spring CPA, cloudiness, maximum temperature (Tmax), pan evaporation (Epan), and ETo conditions have not trended significantly or consistently during the second half of the twentieth century in California. Because it is not known how cloud cover and humidity will respond to climate change, the response of ETo in California to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations is essentially unknown; however, to retain the levels of ETo in the current climate, a decline of Rn by about 6% would be required to compensate for a warming of +3°C.
Periodontal Diseases and the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Khader Yousef S. , Ta'ani Quteish 
Published: March 2005

Background: This meta‐analysis of periodontal disease in relation to the risk of preterm birth/low birth weight (PTB/ LBW) is based on two case‐control studies and three prospective cohort studies that met prestated inclusion criteria.Methods: Information on the designs of the studies, characteristics of the study population, exposure and outcome measures, control for confounders, and risk estimates were abstracted independently by two investigators using a standard protocol.Results: Pregnant women with periodontal disease had an overall adjusted risk of preterm birth that was 4.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.62 to 6.99; P <0.005) times that risk for healthy subjects. The overall adjusted odds ratio of preterm low birth weight was 5.28 (95% CI, 2.21 to 12.62; P <0.005), while the overall adjusted odds ratio of a delivery of either PTB or LBW was 2.30 (95% CI, 1.21 to 4.38; P <0.005).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that periodontal diseases in the pregnant mother significantly increase the risk of subsequent preterm birth or low birth weight. While it remains important to promote good oral hygiene during routine prenatal visits, there is no convincing evidence, on the basis of existing casecontrol and prospective studies, that treatment of periodontal disease will reduce the risk of preterm birth. Consequently, large randomized, placebo‐controlled, masked clinical trials are required. J Periodontol 2005;76:161‐165.
Quantitative Measures of Aggressive Periodontitis Show Substantial Heritability and Consistency With Traditional Diagnoses
Authors: Diehl Scott R. , Wu Tianxia , Michalowicz Bryan S. , Brooks Carol N. , Califano Joseph V. , Burmeister John A. , Schenkein Harvey A. 
Published: March 2005

Background: Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) research nearly always classifies subjects into traditional discrete categories of localized or generalized, based upon degree of attachment loss (AL) and types of affected teeth. Since AL is continuous and quantitative, however, useful information is lost. We developed quantitative measures of AgP, compared these to traditional methods, and estimated heritabilities in families.Methods: We examined 237 healthy, 169 localized AgP, and 204 generalized AgP subjects. We used the site of maximum AL of each tooth to calculate means for each subject for different groups of teeth. We also applied principal components analysis (PCA) to condense variation among 28 teeth into three orthogonal (uncorrelated) variables. We used discriminant function analysis (DFA) to evaluate how well the quantitative measures match with traditional classifications. Quantitative trait heritabilities were estimated by variance components.Results: PCA clustered first molars, incisors, and the other teeth into three groups. DFA showed that quantitative measures classified subjects consistent with traditional methods (87% to 94% agreement). Heritabilities ranged from 13.7% (P = 0.10) to 30.0% (P = 0.008) for quantitative measures, with highest values obtained for first molars. A combination of the principal component variables most heavily weighted on first molars and incisors gave the best model of disease susceptibility, with good separation of healthy versus diseased subjects, independent of disease extent or severity.Conclusions: Quantitative measures may provide improved precision and power for many kinds of periodontal research. Our finding of significant heritability supports their use in gene mapping studies of AgP susceptibility. J Periodontol 2005;76:279‐288.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in WAGR syndrome
Authors: Scott D.A. , Cooper M.L. , Stankiewicz P. , Patel A. , Potocki L. , Cheung S.W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation (WAGR) syndrome is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving the Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1), the paired box gene 6 (PAX6), and possibly other genes on chromosome 11p13. WT1 is required for normal formation of the genitourinary system and the high incidence of Wilms tumor and genitourinary anomalies found in patients with WAGR are attributed to haploinsufficiency of this gene. It has been hypothesized that WT1 also plays an important role in the development of the diaphragm. During mammalian embryonic development, WT1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium that forms part of the diaphragm. Furthermore, mice that are homozygous for a deletion in the mouse homolog of WT1 have diaphragmatic hernias. Case reports describing congenital diaphragmatic hernias in infants with Denys–Drash and Frasier syndromes, both of which can be caused by mutations in WT1, provide additional support for this hypothesis. We report an infant with aniridia, bilateral cryptorchidism, vesicoureteral reflux, and a right‐sided Morgagni‐type diaphragmatic hernia. G‐banded chromosome analysis revealed a deletion of 11p12‐p15.1. Breakpoint regions were refined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and deletion of the WAGR critical region, including WT1, was confirmed. A review of the medical literature identified a second patient with a deletion of 11p13, a left‐sided Bochdalek‐type diaphragmatic hernia, and anomalies that suggest a diagnosis of WAGR including bilateral microphthalmia, a small penis, bilateral cryptorchidism, and a hypoplastic scrotum. These cases demonstrate that congenital diaphragmatic hernia can be associated with WAGR syndrome and suggest that deletions of WT1 may predispose individuals to develop congenital diaphragmatic hernia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A provisionally unique syndrome of macrosomia, bone overgrowth, macrocephaly, and tall stature
Authors: Sadeghi‐Nejad Ab , Karlin Lawrence I. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report a young man with intrauterine macrosomia, macrocephaly, and bony abnormalities. Excessive growth continued throughout infancy and childhood. Bone age was advanced. He developed contractures of the large joints and was confined to a wheelchair. Extensive laboratory studies, repeated on multiple occasions were all normal. Intellectually, he was normal. His near final height was 234 cm. The constellation of findings in this patient is at variance with previously described syndromes of tall stature. We postulate that excessive size and bone overgrowth in this young man is caused by a receptor/post‐receptor abnormality involving a growth on/off mechanism at the cellular level. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability in food‐processing behavior among white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: O'Malley Robert C. , Fedigan Linda 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObserved patterns of variability in the food‐processing behavior of white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) across populations may reflect foraging traditions. However, there has been relatively little attention given to intrapopulation variability in food processing among groups and age/sex classes, making recent cross‐population comparisons difficult to interpret. In this paper, we provide data on patterns of object use in foraging that we observed at Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, for comparison with published data from a neighboring research site, Palo Verde National Park. We also describe the techniques used to process two food items consumed by Cebus capucinus at Santa Rosa, and discuss the factors that may underlie observed variability. We conducted a 6‐month study on two groups of capuchins in 2001, and collected data on general activity and feeding patterns, rates and forms of object use, and distinctive processing techniques employed for two specific foods (Sloanea terniflora and Luehea candida). Rates of object‐use behavior at Santa Rosa were considerably higher than those reported for Palo Verde and showed significant variation between groups and age/sex classes, as did patterns of Sloanea and Luehea processing. Observed differences in feeding rates between groups may reflect food availability or relative profitability, whereas variation between age/sex classes seems to reflect differences in the physical capabilities, foraging strategies, and the relative experience of mature and immature animals. Further research is needed to identify how a social context may influence the acquisition of food‐processing techniques in juveniles and the development of foraging traditions in social groups. Am J Phys Anthropol 128:63–73, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of preoperative serum C‐reactive protein on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Ikeda Yasuharu , Korenaga Daisuke , Tanoue Kazuo , Hamatake Motoharu , Kawasaki Katsumi , Yamaoka Terutoshi , Iwatani Yasue , Akazawa Kohei , Takenaka Kenji 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors evaluated the significance of the preoperative serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level as a prognostic indicator in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSOne hundred forty‐one patients who underwent curative resection for HCC were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathologic variables were compared between patients with serum CRP levels ≥ 1.0 mg/dL (n = 22 patients; the CRP‐positive group) and patients with serum CRP levels < 1.0 mg/dL (n = 119 patients; the CRP‐negative group). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors that affected survival and disease recurrence.RESULTSThere was a significant correlation between the preoperative serum CRP level and tumor size. Invasion to the portal vein in the CRP‐positive group was significantly more frequent than that in the CRP‐negative group. Even after they underwent curative resection, 75.3% of patients in the CRP‐positive group experienced recurrence within 1 year. The overall survival and recurrence‐free survival rates in the CRP‐positive group were significantly lower compared with the rates in the CRP‐negative group. On multivariate analysis, the preoperative serum CRP level was selected as one of the unfavorable indicators regarding survival and recurrence. When CRP levels, albumin levels, and platelet counts that were available before surgery were scored as a combined index, the total score demonstrated a good stratification value for survival after hepatic resection.CONCLUSIONSThe current results showed that the preoperative serum CRP level is an independent and significant indicator predictive of poor prognosis and early recurrence in patients with HCC. The new CRP‐based scoring system offers reliable information for predicting survival. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Development and validation of algorithms for measuring G‐protein coupled receptor activation in cells using the LSC‐based imaging cytometer platform
Authors: Ozawa Kazuo , Hudson Christine C. , Wille Kirsten R. , Karaki Sachiko , Oakley Robert H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundA cell‐based assay system (Transfluor) has been developed for measurement of G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activity by using cells transfected to express a fusion protein of arrestin plus green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the target GPCR. Upon agonist stimulation, the arrestin‐GFP translocates to and binds the activated GPCR at the plasma membrane. The receptor/arrestin‐GFP complexes then localize in clathrin‐coated pits and/or intracellular vesicles. This redistribution of arrestin‐GFP into condensed fluorescent spots is useful for visually monitoring the active status of GPCRs and its quantitation is possible with certain types of digital image analysis systems.MethodsWe designed two lines of image processing algorithms to carry out quantitative measurement of the arrestin‐GFP movement on an inverted version of laser scanning cytometry (iCyte) as an imaging platform. We used a cell line expressing arrestin‐GFP and the wild‐type β2‐adrenergic receptor or a modified version of this receptor with enhanced affinity for arrestin. Each cell line was challenged with various concentrations of agonist.ResultsA dose‐dependent signal was measured and half‐maximal effective concentration values were obtained that agreed well with results determined by other methods previously reported.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the combination of Transfluor, iCyte, and our algorithms is suitable for robust and pharmacologically relevant GPCR ligand exploration. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the intracellular domains of LRP5 and LRP6 in activating the Wnt canonical pathway
Authors: Mi Kaihong , Johnson Gail V.W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLDL‐receptor related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) are co‐receptors of Frizzled receptors that mediate Wnt‐induced activation of the transcription factor family TCF/LEF‐1. Even though LRP5 and LRP6 are highly homologous, LRP6, but not LRP5, is expressed primarily in the nervous system and deletion of the LRP6 gene results in significant brain abnormalities, while deletion of LRP5 results in primarily decreased bone density. Additionally, the exact function of LRP5 and LRP6 have not been clearly defined, although it is clear that they both play key roles in the Wnt canonical pathway. In this study the role of the intracellular domains of LRP5/6 in mediating Wnt signaling was examined. In the absence of exogenous Wnt 3a, full‐length (FL) LRP6, but not LRP5, increased TCF/LEF‐1 transcriptional activity, however both significantly potentiated Wnt 3a‐induced TCF/LEF‐1 activation. In contrast to the findings with the FL constructs, the intracellular domains (membrane‐anchored and cytosolic) of both LRP5 and LRP6 significantly increased TCF/LEF‐1 activation in the absence of Wnt 3a, and potentiated the Wnt 3a‐induced decrease in β‐catenin phosphorylation, increase in free β‐catenin levels and the increase in TCF/LEF‐1 activity. These findings demonstrate that: (1) LRP5 and LRP6 differentially modulate TCF/LEF‐1 activation in the absence of Wnt 3a and (2) the intracellular C‐terminal domains of LRP5/6 potentiate Wnt 3a‐induced TCF/LEF‐1 activation whether or not they are membrane‐anchored. These findings provide significant new insights into the roles of LRP5/6 in modulating canonical Wnt signaling. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable expression of human myeloid specific nuclear antigen MNDA in monocyte lineage cells in atherosclerosis
Authors: Briggs Robert C. , Atkinson James B. , Miranda Roberto N. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMNDA (human myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen) is expressed in specific lineages of hematopoietic cells and most notably at high levels in macrophages at sites of inflammation. MNDA and related proteins appear to modulate the activity of transcription factors and in some cases have a role in mediating cell death. The expression of MNDA was characterized in normal and diseased human aorta. MNDA positive cells double labeled for CD68 in all tissue examined. Twenty percent of normal aortas were negative or contained rare MNDA positive cells while other normal aorta contained more frequent positive cells. In atherosclerotic aorta, the number of MNDA positive cells increased with progression of disease. In normal and early lesions, MNDA positive cells adjacent to the endothelium generally displayed a strong MNDA reactivity associated with small amount of CD68 reactive cytoplasm. In the same sections, MNDA positive cells at increasing distances from the endothelium displayed lower MNDA reactivity and were associated with larger amounts of CD68 reactive cytoplasm. Foam cells in fatty streaks exhibited MNDA reactivity that ranged from strong to weak or negative. In advanced lesions, cells in the shoulder and those in fibrous tissue surrounding an atheroma were highly reactive for MNDA. However, only a fraction of the CD68 positive foam cells near the lipid core under the cap and shoulder contained MNDA reactivity. The variation in MNDA expression appeared to change with phenotypic specialization of monocytes in atherosclerosis consistent with its association with inflammation and suspected roles in regulating gene expression or in mediating cell death. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multicenter study of two magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques in individuals with HIV dementia
Authors: Sacktor Ned , Skolasky Richard L. , Ernst Thomas , Mao Xiangling , Selnes Ola , Pomper Martin G. , Chang Linda , Zhong Kai , Shungu Dikoma C. , Marder Karen , Shibata Dean , Schifitto Giovanni , Bobo Linda , Barker Peter B. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate single‐voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SV‐MRS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) metabolite results in individuals with HIV dementia.Materials and MethodsTwenty HIV‐positive (HIV+) individuals underwent SV‐MRS (TE 35 msec) and MRSI (TE 280 msec). Results were stratified according to serostatus, dementia severity, psychomotor speed performance, and functional impairment.ResultsHIV+ individuals with psychomotor slowing had an increased myoinositol/creatine (mI/Cr) ratio (0.63 vs. 0.45) in the frontal white matter using SV‐MRS and an increased choline (Cho)/Cr ratio (1.88 vs. 1.41) in the mesial frontal gray matter using MRSI compared to HIV+ individuals without psychomotor slowing. Using MRSI, subjects with HIV dementia also had a decreased N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA)/Cho ratio (1.55 vs. 2.53) compared to HIV+ individuals without cognitive impairment in the mesial frontal gray matter. Both techniques detected metabolite ratio abnormalities associated with abnormal functional performance.ConclusionSV‐MRS and MRSI offer complementary roles in evaluating individuals with HIV dementia. Short TE SV‐MRS measures mI, which may be elevated in early HIV dementia, whereas MRSI provides wider spatial coverage to examine specific regional changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:325–333. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging with interleaved variable‐density spiral acquisitions
Authors: Li Tie‐Qiang , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Moseley Michael E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo develop a multishot magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence and reconstruction algorithm for diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in the brain with submillimeter in‐plane resolution.Materials and MethodsA self‐navigated multishot acquisition technique based on variable‐density spiral k‐space trajectory design was implemented on clinical MRI scanners. The image reconstruction algorithm takes advantage of the oversampling of the center k‐space and uses the densely sampled central portion of the k‐space data for both imaging reconstruction and motion correction. The developed DWI technique was tested in an agar gel phantom and three healthy volunteers.ResultsMotions result in phase and k‐space shifts in the DWI data acquired using multishot spiral acquisitions. With the two‐dimensional self‐navigator correction, diffusion‐weighted images with a resolution of 0.9 × 0.9 × 3 mm3 were successfully obtained using different interleaves ranging from 8–32. The measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the homogenous gel phantom was (1.66 ± 0.09) × 10−3 mm2/second, which was the same as measured with single‐shot methods. The intersubject average ADC from the brain parenchyma of normal adults was (0.91 ± 0.01) × 10−3 mm2/second, which was in a good agreement with the reported literature values.ConclusionThe self‐navigated multishot variable‐density spiral acquisition provides a time‐efficient approach to acquire high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted images on a clinical scanner. The reconstruction algorithm based on motion correction in the k‐space data is robust, and measured ADC values are accurate and reproducible. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:468–475. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conspicuity of liver hemangiomas: Short tau inversion recovery, T1, and T2 imaging with gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
Authors: Brody Jeffrey M. , Schafer Leah , Tung Glenn A. , Breuer Josy , Shamsi Kohkan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare conspicuity of liver hemangiomas on STIR, T1‐weighted, and T2‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images before and after administration of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) (hepatocellular contrast agent), using contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs).Materials and MethodsThirteen hemangiomas were imaged using breath‐hold gradient echo (GRE) T1, fat‐saturated turbo spin echo (TSE)‐T2, and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. Background noise and signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) for liver and hemangioma, along with CNR for normal liver and hemangioma, were measured on each sequence before and after administration of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA. Hemangioma conspicuity was also evaluated qualitatively.ResultsAfter Gd‐EOB‐DTPA administration, the quantitative liver SNR decreased 54% on STIR, increased 45% on T1‐weighted images, and increased 14.5% on TSE‐T2‐weighted images. The CNR for liver and hemangioma increased 50% on STIR images (P < 0.0001), increased 46% on T1‐weighted imaging (P = 0.0033), and increased 22% on TSE‐T2‐weighted MR imaging (MRI) (P = 0.0083). After contrast, the CNR for TSE‐T2 images was greater than those for both the T1 and STIR images (P < 0.0001 for both). Qualitatively, signal change was visually apparent in the liver on T1 and STIR, but not on T2 images or in the hemangiomas on any sequence.ConclusionDespite the statistically significant T1 and STIR increase in CNR, liver hemangiomas were most conspicuous on TSE‐T2 images after Gd‐EOB‐DTPA. This pilot study with hemangiomas highlights the newly recognized potential benefit of TSE‐T2 imaging with hepatocellular contrast. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:391–397. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.