bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the SppA1 Peptidase in Acclimation to Saturating Light Intensities in
Synechocystis
sp. Strain PCC 6803
Authors: Pojidaeva E. , Zinchenko V. , Shestakov S. V. , Sokolenko A. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

The
sll1703
gene, encoding an
Arabidopsis
homologue of the thylakoid membrane-associated SppA peptidase, was inactivated by interposon mutagenesis in
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803. Upon acclimation from a light intensity of 50 to 150 μE m
−2
s
−1
, the mutant preserved most of its phycobilisome content, whereas the wild-type strain developed a bleaching phenotype due to the loss of about 40% of its phycobiliproteins. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that the
ΔsppA1
strain does not undergo the cleavage of the L
R
33
and L
CM
99
linker proteins that develops in the wild type exposed to increasing light intensities. We conclude that a major contribution to light acclimation under a moderate light regime in cyanobacteria originates from an SppA1-mediated cleavage of phycobilisome linker proteins. Together with changes in gene expression of the major phycobiliproteins, it contributes an additional mechanism aimed at reducing the content in phycobilisome antennae upon acclimation to a higher light intensity.
The
Escherichia coli tppB
(
ydgR
) Gene Represents a New Class of OmpR-Regulated Genes
Authors: Goh Ee-Been , Siino Dominic F. , Igo Michele M. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

The EnvZ/OmpR two-component regulatory system plays a critical role in the
Escherichia coli
stress response. In this study, we examined the expression of a new OmpR-regulated gene,
ydgR
. Our results indicate that
ydgR
is equivalent to the
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium
tppB
gene and represents a new class of OmpR-regulated genes.
Microarray Analysis and Functional Characterization of the Nitrosative Stress Response in Nonmucoid and Mucoid
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Firoved Aaron M. , Wood Simon R. , Ornatowski Wojciech , Deretic Vojo , Timmins Graham S. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

The type strain of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, PAO1, showed great upregulation of many nitrosative defense genes upon treatment with
S-
nitrosoglutathione, while the mucoid strain PAO578II showed no further upregulation above its constitutive upregulation of
nor
and
fhp
. NO
·
consumption however, showed that both strains mount functional, protein synthesis-dependent NO
·
-consumptive responses.
Factors Affecting Pain Scores during Female Urethral Catheterization
Authors: Tanabe Paula , Steinmann Rebecca , Anderson Jill , Johnson Deborah , Metcalf Sue , Ring‐Hurn Eileen 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: To compare pain and discomfort ratings of female patients undergoing urethral catheterization randomized to topical application of plain lubricant versus lidocaine gel prior to the procedure. Methods:This was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind study involving female patients requiring urethral catheterization at an urban university‐based academic emergency department. A staff nurse blinded to the lubricant type injected 5 mL of sterile surgical lubricant or 2% lidocaine gel into the urinary meatus. After 1 minute, an 8‐F (for specimen collection) or a 16‐F (for continuous collection) catheter was inserted into the urethra. Each patient rated the pain of the procedure on a validated 0‐ to 100‐mm visual analog scale. The Mann‐Whitney U test was used to analyze associations between pain ratings, lubricant type, and catheter size. Logistic regression was used to identify the contribution of lubricant type, catheter size, age category, difficulty of insertion, preprocedural pain, and diagnosis of urinary tract infection to procedural pain rating. Results: One hundred women were randomized to plain lubricant (n= 50) or lidocaine (n= 50). The overall mean (± SD) pain score was 23.5 ± 27.2 mm. No significant differences in pain ratings were found based on catheter size or lubricant type. Younger women, aged 18–59 years, experienced higher pain ratings than women aged 60–101 (mean pain difference 14.4 mm; 95% CI = 4.3 to 24.5; p < 0.006). Multiple logistic regression identified preprocedural pain as the only predictor of higher pain rating after catheterization (OR 1.02; 95% CI = 1.002 to 1.039, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Catheter size and lubricant type did not affect the severity of pain after urethral catheterization in women.
Characteristics of Household Addresses That Repeatedly Contact 911 to Report Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Houry Debra , Parramore Constance , Fayard Gregory , Thorn Jennifer , Heron Sheryl , Kellermann Arthur 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: To determine whether households that generate several 911 calls differ in important ways from those that make a single call and to determine whether households that generate repeat 911 calls for intimate partner violence (IPV) experience more severe violence than those that do not. Methods: All cases of police‐documented IPV were reviewed and linked with their respective 911 calls. Each incident report was reviewed to determine the relationship between the offender and victim, demographic characteristics of the offender and victim, weapon and substance involvement, prior incidents of IPV, and violence severity. Results: Of the 1,505 IPV addresses identified during the 12‐month study interval, 1,010 (67.1%) placed more than one phone call to report IPV. Sixty‐nine percent of African American victims, 50.6% of white victims, and 36.8% of Hispanic victims were repeat callers (p < 0.001). There were no differences between addresses that generated repeat calls versus single calls with respect to offender alcohol or drug involvement, presence of children, victim age, or offender age. Sixty‐seven percent of households with severe violence and 66.9% of households with minor violence generated repeat 911 calls (p = 0.98). Conclusions: Ethnic differences in 911 use for IPV exist between African Americans, whites, and Hispanics. However, unknown societal, economic, or cultural issues could have influenced this finding. Households that repeatedly contacted 911 during the study interval to report IPV were not more likely to experience severe violence than those that placed a single 911 call.
Participation in the Academic Associate Program: Effect on Medical School Admission Rate
Authors: Sparano Dina M. , Shofer Frances S. , Hollander Judd E. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: Several emergency medicine programs are using premedical students as research assistants for clinical research in the emergency department (ED). These programs have been shown to enhance faculty research productivity, but the effects of these programs on the students' goals have not been assessed. The authors evaluated the effect of the Academic Associate Program (AAP) on medical school acceptance rates. Methods:From 1997 to 2002, premedical students who attended informational sessions about the AAP completed a 28‐item survey including demographic information, educational experiences, career goals, grade point average (GPA), and prior research participation. Premedical students who had a career goal of becoming a physician were included in the study if they matriculated into medical school or changed their career plans by the fall of 2003. Medical school acceptance was determined by contacting students or their parents via telephone and e‐mail. Students enrolled in the AAP were compared with Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) data to determine whether they were more or less likely to be accepted into medical school. Results: During the study period, 198 students enrolled in the AAP had attained a final disposition with respect to medical school matriculation. Students were a mean age of 22.4 ± 3.0 years, 55% female, and 43% nonwhite. Most students (91%) were junior year or later with respect to educational level. Prior research experience included being an author on an abstract (25%), being an author on a manuscript (17%), and presenting research at a scientific meeting (14%). The mean GPA (± standard deviation) for Academic Associates was 3.38 (± 0.31). Medical school acceptance rates were 79% for students in the AAP (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 73.1 to 84.5). This is higher than expected based on AAMC published data with a 49% (95% CI = 48.5 to 49.5) acceptance rate for students with a mean GPA of 3.46. Conclusions: Compared with AAMC data, students in the AAP have a higher medical school acceptance rate despite a slightly lower GPA. This finding suggests that participation in the program enhances a student's likelihood of matriculating in medical school.
Does the Lateral Chest Radiograph Help Pediatric Emergency Physicians Diagnose Pneumonia? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lynch Tim , Gouin Serge , Larson Charles , Patenaude Yves 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: To determine whether the addition of the lateral chest radiograph to the frontal view influences the pediatric emergency physician's diagnosis and management of patients with pneumonia. Methods:A randomized clinical trial was conducted, involving 570 patients, 1–16 years of age, visiting a pediatric emergency department (ED) for whom frontal and lateral chest radiographs were ordered for the clinical suspicion of pneumonia. Pediatric emergency physicians reviewed the frontal film alone in group 1 and both the frontal and the lateral films in group 2. The interpretation of each radiograph was then compared with consensus interpretation by pediatric radiologists who interpreted both views. Results: There were 604 eligible children; 34 families declined to participate. Three hundred three were randomized into group 1, whereas 267 were randomized into group 2. The clinicians' interpretations were equal in sensitivity for group 1 at 91% and 87% in group 2 (p = 0.321) and equal in specificity for group 1 at 58% and 57% in group 2 (p = 0.888). Conclusions: The addition of the lateral chest radiograph to the frontal view did not improve the sensitivity or specificity of pediatric emergency physicians in their diagnosis of pneumonia in children.
Deferral of the Rectal Examination in Blunt Trauma Patients: A Clinical Decision Rule
Authors: Guldner Gregory , Babbitt Jonathan , Boulton Mike , O'Callaghan Thomas , Feleke Rehema , Hargrove Jenny 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: To develop a clinical decision rule that would allow for the safe deferral of the digital rectal examination (DRE) in blunt trauma patients. Methods:The authors reviewed the medical records of all adult blunt trauma patients meeting trauma team activation criteria over a 14‐month period. The results of the DRE and six predictor variables—abnormal neurologic examination, abdominal tenderness, pelvic stability, blood at the urethral meatus, blood pressure < 90 mm Hg, and age over 65 years—were recorded. Patients with abnormal DREs had their discharge summaries reviewed for specific criteria to determine if the abnormal DRE was a true‐ or false‐positive examination. Predictor variables were entered into a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis designed to predict true‐positive abnormal DREs. Results: Of the 579 patients, 53 had abnormal DREs, 34 of which were true positives. CART analysis retained three predictors, abnormal neurologic examination, blood at the urethral meatus, and age over 65 years, and accurately classified all patients with a true‐positive abnormal DRE. The probability of a true‐positive abnormal DRE in a patient with a normal neurologic examination, no blood at the urethral meatus, and age less than 65 years is between 0% and 0.8%. Conclusions: Adult patients with blunt trauma and a normal neurologic examination, with no blood at the urethral meatus, and who are less than 65 years old have an exceedingly low likelihood of a true‐positive abnormal DRE. If validated, patients who meet these three criteria may have the DRE safely deferred.
Comparison of Topical Anesthetics and Lubricants Prior to Urethral Catheterization in Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Siderias John , Guadio Flavio , Singer Adam J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAlthough male urethral catheterization in the emergency department (ED) is both common and painful, few studies have evaluated the use of topical anesthesia prior to catheterization. Objectives: To determine whether pretreatment of the urethra with topical lidocaine reduces the pain associated with urethral catheterization. Methods:This was a prospective, double‐blind, randomized clinical trial of 36 alert, cooperative male adult patients requiring urethral catheterization, without allergies to the study medications or contraindications to their use, from a suburban university‐based ED. Patients in the experimental group had topical lidocaine 2% gel injected in their urethras, whereas control patients received intraurethral lubrication only. Standardized catheterization with a no. 16 Foley was performed followed by pain assessment. The primary outcome measured was pain of catheterization on a 100‐mm visual analog scale. Other outcomes included ease of insertion and procedural bleeding. Results: The authors evaluated 36 patients evenly distributed between study groups. Mean age was 62 years (range 22–85). Compared with controls, patients pretreated with lidocaine experienced significantly less pain of catheterization (38 ± 28 mm vs. 58 ± 30 mm; mean difference 20 mm; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.4 to 32; p = 0.04) and less pain of injection (23 ± 17 mm vs. 40 ± 25 mm; mean difference 17 mm; 95% CI = 3 to 32 mm; p = 0.02). There were no differences in the number of attempts and incidence of adverse events between the groups. Conclusions: Use of topical lidocaine gel reduces the pain associated with male urethral catheterization in comparison with topical lubricants only.
Derivation and Validation of a Risk Stratification Model to Identify Coronary Artery Disease in Women Who Present to the Emergency Department with Potential Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Diercks Deborah B. , Hollander Judd E. , Sites Frank , Kirk J. Douglas 
Published: June 2004

Abstract Objectives: To derive and validate a model to identify women who would benefit from further evaluation of chest pain after an initial negative emergency department (ED) evaluation for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods:The derivation and validation cohorts were comprised of women who presented to the ED with chest pain at two university hospitals. Patients were excluded if the initial electrocardiogram (ECG) or cardiac markers were consistent with ACS. Patients were followed for 30 days after the index visit to identify evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), which was defined as a positive diagnostic study, myocardial infarction, or death. The authors performed a logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors of CAD. A scoring system was developed based on the B‐coefficient of these significant predictors. Levels of risk were assigned by summing and categorizing the cumulative risk score into low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups. Results: The derivation and validation sets were comprised of 733 and 2,440 women, respectively. From the derivation set predictors of CAD (score) were history of CAD (1), age ≥60 years (1), and high clinical suspicion (3). Low risk was defined as a score = 0, moderate risk score = 1–2, high risk score =≥3. In the validation set, the numbers of patients with evidence of CAD were four of 1,348 (0.30%), 18 of 498 (3.6%), and 71 of 594 (11.9%) in the low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups, respectively. Conclusions: The risk of underlying CAD in women who present to the ED with potential ACS may be determined using a simple risk stratification score.
The fractal analysis of curing processes of epoxy resins
Authors: Kozlov G. V. , Bejev A. A. , Lipatov Yu. S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe possibility of applying the models of the irreversible aggregation and the fractal analysis for the description of curing kinetics of haloid‐containing epoxy polymers was shown. There are two different modes of curing (homogeneous and nonhomogeneous), responding to conditions D = const and D = variant as a function of reaction time (D is the fractal dimension of microgels). The first condition corresponds to one dimension of the formed microgels, and the second one corresponds to the distribution of these dimensions. The mode of curing is determined by the level of fluctuations of density in the reaction medium. It was also shown that the fractal reactions at curing can be of the two following classes: reactions of fractal objects and reactions in fractal space. The basic difference of the two mentioned classes of reactions is the dependence of their rate on the fractal dimension of reaction products. The application of the methods of the fractal analysis and the theory of percolation allows us to find out that the first gelation point by crosslinking polymers is a structural transition, which is realized at filling by microgels of the whole reaction space. The physical nature of the autoacceleration (autostopping) effect in curing reactions is determined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2558–2568, 2004
Physical agglomeration behavior in preparation of cellulose‐N‐methyl morpholine N‐oxide hydrate solutions by simple mixing
Authors: Kim Dong Bok , Jo Seong Mu , Lee Wha Seop , Pak James Jungho 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe different melting temperatures of N‐methyl morpholine N‐oxide (NMMO) hydrates in the cellulose–NMMO hydrate solution may be explained by the rather different crystal structures of NMMO hydrates, which are determined by the amount of the hydrates. The preparative process of cellulose–NMMO hydrate solution may result in cellulose structural change from cellulose I to cellulose II, depending on the amount of the hydrate. Mixtures of cellulose and NMMO hydrate in a blender was changed from the granules to slurry with increasing mixing time at 60–70°C, which is below the melting point of the NMMO hydrate. In the case of 15 wt % cellulose–NMMO hydrate granules, which were made by mixing for 20 min, the melting points of various NMMO hydrates were obtained as 77.8°C (n = 0.83), 70.2°C (n = 0.97), and 69.7°C (n = 1.23), respectively, depending on the hydrate number. However, the melting points of cellulose–NMMO hydrate slurry and solution were shifted lower than those of cellulose granules, while the mixing time of slurry and solution are 25 and 35 min, respectively. These melting behaviors indicate instantaneous liquefaction of the NMMO hydrate and the diffusion of the NMMO hydrate into cellulose during mixing in a blender. When cellulose was completely dissolved in NMMO hydrate, the crystal structure of cellulose showed only cellulose II structure. In the cellulose–NMMO products of granules or slurry obtained by high‐speed mixing, which is a new preparation method, they still retained the original cellulose I structure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1687–1697, 2004
Weighting and improvement of silk properties
Authors: Ramadan A. M. , Mosleh S. , Gawish S. M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSilk was modified with the aim to increase the weight and improve the physical properties. A grafting chemical redox technique was adopted in this investigation by using ammonium persulfate (APS), copper sulfate as initiator and accelelerator for the reaction, glycidyl methacrylate (GM), and acrylamide (AM), or their mixture. The optimum ASP and copper sulfate concentration needed to decrease the homopolymerization reaction was noted in the case of GM and AM. The percentage graft yield was found to be highly affected by the various parameters studied, including the initiator, the monomer concentrations, the reaction time, and the temperature. The physical properties of the grafted silk fabric were done including crease recovery angles, abrasion resistance, and moisture regain. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1743–1747, 2004
Microcellular thin PET sheet foam preparation by compression molding
Authors: Guan Rong , Wang Biqin , Lu Deping , Fang Quan , Xiang Banglong 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis study has created a new way of microcellullar processing PET thin sheet foam using a conventional hydraulic press by compression molding and by setting the temperature of press plates differently. Comparing this study with our previous work, the emphasis is on the difference of plate temperature. The nonisothermal condition is used to control the foaming agent decomposition to lead to more uniform cell size microcellular foam. A variety of cell sizes, cell densities, and relative densities are obtained as a consequence of the different foaming temperature, time, pressure, and foaming agent content via isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. The effect of isothermal and nonisothermal foaming on the cell size, cells density, and relative density has been discussed. The electrical properties of the microcellular poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) samples prepared in nonisothermal foaming have been investigated. The experimental results show that the microcellular PET foam has lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss and higher electric resistivity than unfoamed PET. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1698–1704, 2004
Formamide as the plasticizer for thermoplastic starch
Authors: Ma Xiaofei , Yu Jiugao 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAs a novel plasticizer, formamide was tested in thermoplastic starch (TPS), in which native cornstarch granules were proved to transfer to a continuous phase by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the hydrogen bond interaction between plasticizer and starch was proved by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mechanical tests showed that tensile strength and Young's modulus of formamide‐plasticized TPS (FPTPS) were lower than glycerol‐plasticized TPS (GPTPS) and elongation at break and energy break were higher. The effect of formamide and glycerol on the retrogradation of TPS was studied using X‐ray diffractometry. Formamide could effectively restrain the starch retrogradation at three different relative humidity (RH) environments, because it could form the more stable hydrogen bonds with the starch hydroxy group than glycerol. From these results, we found that the elongation at break, energy break, and the retrogradation of TPS were ameliorated by formamide. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1769–1773, 2004