bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett Films of a Fullerene-Bearing Artificial Lipid
Authors: Nakanishi Takashi , Murakami Hiroto , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A C60-bearing artificial lipid 1 forms stable monolayers at the air-water interface both in the dark and in the light. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film prepared in the dark showed a phase transition by which the electronic interaction between the fullerene moieties was controllable. The LB film prepared in the light exhibited structureless electronic spectra with almost no temperature dependence.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of a New Water Soluble Ca2+-selective Ionophore Based on Calix[4]arene-triacid-monoquinone
Authors: Chung Taek Dong , Kang Sun Kil , Kim Hasuck , Kim Joo Ryun , Oh Weon Seok , Chang Suk-Kyu 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A new water-soluble calix[4]arene-triacid-monoquinone 3 has been synthesized and its ion binding properties in aqueous solution were investigated by means of voltammetry and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The electrochemical behavior of 3 is dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ ion rather than that of other alkaline earth metal ions as well as alkali metal cations. The selective response toward Ca2+ was achieved even in the presence of a large excess ( &gt; 1000-fold) of interfering Na+ ion.
A New Approach for Chiral Allyl Amines via a Novel Dichloromethylenation of Oxazolidinones
Authors: Reddy G Vidyasagar , Iyengar D S 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A novel dichloromethylenation of oxazolidinones and their conversion to allyl amines 3a-e, key precursors for potential HIV protease inhibitors is described.
Giant Circular Motion of Zinc Particles in Sulfuric Acid under High Magnetic Field
Authors: Shinohara Kenji , Aogaki Ryoichi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Under high magnetic field, giant circular motion of zinc particles during dissolution in sulfuric acid was observed. This effect was ascribed to the Lorentz force arising from the interaction between the dissolution current penetrating through the inside of the particle and the external magnetic field. According to theoretical predictions, it wasd concluded that the coagulated zinc particles take the circular motion, and the particle velocity is proportional to the magnetic flux density.
Intercalation of Methanol and Ethanol into Na-Fluorotetrasilicic Mica: Difference in Formation of Single and Double Layer Intercalates
Authors: Kubo Jun , Mori Tohru , Morikawa Yutaka 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Intercalation of methanol and ethanol into Na-fluorotetrasilicic mica was traced dynamically by X-ray diffraction. The intercalation of methanol is much faster than that of ethanol. Methanol forms successively single and double layers between silicate sheets of the mica, while ethanol forms similar layers concurrently.
Direct Monitoring of Respiratory Activity of Cultured Cells by Potential-step Chronoamperometry
Authors: Ueda Takehiko , Kato Eiichi , Oshikawa Kiminori , Arai Junichiro , Sunamoto Junzo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A new method to determine oxygen uptake rate of living cells is described. Two kinds of cultured mammalian cells were incubated in a 2.0 ml vol cuvette, which was equipped with an oxygen electrode as specially designed to measure the oxygen concentration ([O2]) in the culture medium. This new method allowed 1) instant determination of the respiratory activity of living cells, and 2) simultaneous monitoring of responses of cell against extracellular stimuli.
Color Bands in Methacrylic Acid Polymerization
Authors: Srivastava Prem Kumar , Majhi Shyam Sundar , Rastogi Raghunath Prasad , Hanazaki Ichiro 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
White and pink alternating bands have been found to be formed in the polymerization of methacrylic acid in methanol in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and N,N-dimethylaniline in a glass tube. The band structure depends on the initial concentrations of methanol and benzoyl peroxide.
Generation of Visible Light Response on the Photocatalyst of a Copper Ion Containing TiO2
Authors: Sakata Yoshihisa , Yamamoto Tomonori , Okazaki Taichi , Imamura Hayao , Tsuchiya Susumu 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The generation of photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of visible light (longer than 460 nm) was observed over copper ion containing TiO2. It is suggested that low valent copper oxide which was produced in the catalyst under the irradiation of UV plays an important role to the generation of the activity under the irradiation of visible light.
Isomerization of Imines Catalyzed by Ruthenium-Hydride Complexes
Authors: Yamagishi Takamichi , Mizushima Eiichiro , Sato Hideyuki , Yamaguchi Motowo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Imine isomerization via [1,3]-hydrogen shift catalyzed by dihydrido(dinitrogen)tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) or dihydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) complexes is described. In toluene under hydrogen atmosphere, ruthenium-dihydride complexes could cause the isomerization of ketimines to aldimines effectively.
A Substrate Specific Chiral Modifier Activation on Enantio-differentiating Hydrogenation over Tartaric Acid-Modified Raney Nickel
Authors: Nakagawa Satoshi , Sugimura Takashi , Tai Akira 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A comparative study of the reactivities of the hydrogenation of β-ketoesters over tartaric acid-modified and unmodified Raney nickels indicated that a substrate specific activation by the tartaric acid modification is the reason for the almost perfect enantio-differentiation in the reaction of methyl 3-cyclopropyl-3-oxopropanoate (4).
Synthesis of Liquid-Crystalline Enynes by Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Aoyagi Yasutaka , Fujiwara Yuzo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
An arylvinyl bromide bearing a long-chain alkoxy group reacts with arylacetylenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give liquid-crystalline 1,4-diaryl-1-buten-3-yne derivatives. The new liquid-crystalline compounds with a conjugated enyne core show mesogenic phases at a wide range of temperature.
A Molecular Structure of Bis(N-octylethylenediamine)zinc(II) Nitrate in Crystal and the Aggregations in Wet Chloroform and Benzene Solutions
Authors: Iida Masayasu , Tanase Tomoaki , Asaoka Norie , Nakanishi Akiko 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Zinc complex with N-octylethylenediamine( = OE), Zn(OE)2(NO3)2, was prepared and its molecular structure was determined on the basis of an X-ray crystallographic analysis. It was revealed that in the octahedral molecular structure the nitrato groups are trans and the octyl chains are transoid. Extensive aggregations of this complex in wet chloroform and wet benzene systems were also studied using 1H NMR self-diffusions for the solvents and the zinc complex.
Direct Synthesis of the Novel 2-D Mixed-ligands Lead(II) Complex, Crystal Structure of [Pb(4,4′-bpy)(NO3)(SCN)]n (4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine): (A New Polymeric Compound with Three Bridged Ligand and Inactive Lone Pair)
Authors: Morsali A , Mahjoub A R 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A lead(II) complex with three ligands, 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy), nitrate, and thiocyanate, has been synthesized and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR-, 1H-, 13C- and 207Pb NMR spectroscopy. The single-crystal X-ray data of [Pb(4,4′-bpy)(NO3)(SCN)]n compound shows that the complex to be two dimensional polymeric and the Pb atom has an eight-coordinate geometry. The lone pair of electrons on lead(II) is inactive in this complex.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Bucky Ruthenocene Ru(η5-C60Me5)(η5-C5H5)
Authors: Matsuo Yutaka , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Ito Shingo , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Metathetical coupling of an η5-fullerene ruthenium complex Ru(η5-C60Me5)Cl(CO)2 and sodium cyclopentadienide gives a molecular hybrid of ruthenocene and fullerene, Ru(η5-C60Me5)(η5-C5H5) (bucky ruthenocene), the structure of which was determined by spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses. The molecule shows unique reactivity among known ferrocene and ruthenocene compounds.
Convenient Synthesis of the Main Tridehydropentapeptide Skeleton for a Macrocyclic Antibiotic, Sulfomycin I
Authors: Kayano Tetsuya , Yonezawa Yasuchika , Shin Chung-gi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A convenient synthesis of the main tridehydropentapeptide skeleton [Fragment B–C derivative] of a thiostrepton-type macrocyclic antibiotic, sulfomycin I, was first achieved.
Peptide Nucleic Acid for Rapid Gap-selective Hydrolysis of DNA by Ce(IV)/EDTA Complex
Authors: Yamamoto Yoji , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
When gap-structures are formed in substrate DNA by using peptide nucleic acid (PNA), these sites are rapidly and selectively hydrolyzed by Ce(IV)/EDTA complex. Scission efficiency at the gap-site is 6-fold higher than that obtained by use of the corresponding DNA additives. Site-selectivity is also higher. The DNA/PNA duplexes must take anti-parallel direction here.
The production of route directions: investigating conditions that favour conciseness in spatial discourse
Authors: Daniel Marie‐Paule , Denis Michel 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe study reported here investigated the effects of conditions expected to favour conciseness in the production of route directions. In Experiment 1, two groups of undergraduates were invited to give written descriptions of the route connecting two well‐known places on their university campus. The control group received standard instructions, and the other group was instructed to produce route directions that were as concise as possible, while remaining sufficiently informative to guide a pedestrian to the goal. Not surprisingly, instructions to be concise resulted in an overall shortening of descriptions, but this occurred in a selective manner. In particular, actions and action‐landmark combinations were the least affected, whereas the number of landmarks mentioned without being associated with actions, as well as of details describing landmarks, was considerably reduced. Furthermore, landmarks situated at points on the route involving a decision about changing direction underwent less reduction than other landmarks. In Experiment 2, conditions were created where conciseness was brought into play without any explicit instructions to be concise. Undergraduates were asked to work in groups of three, and each group was assigned the task of producing a single description. The results showed that the descriptions produced by a group were shorter than those produced by individuals. This was interpreted as reflecting that in the absence of any conciseness instructions, the feedback developed within groups during the production of route directions led to effective selection of the information content. Interestingly, the items relating actions and landmarks were almost fully preserved in the group descriptions. In Experiment 3, conciseness was shown to be further increased by combining instructions for conciseness and group production. Altogether, the three experiments revealed the primary role of propositions linking action prescriptions and landmarks at points on the route where key actions have to be taken. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer mortality among French Atomic Energy Commission workers
Authors: Telle‐Lamberton M. , Bergot D. , Gagneau M. , Samson E. , Giraud J.M. , Néron M.O. , Hubert P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackgroundAll causes and cancer mortality of 58,320 workers employed at the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) between 1946 and 1994 were compared with that of the general population in a retrospective cohort study.MethodsStandardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) were computed with reference to the French national population.ResultsBetween 1968 and 1994, 4,809 deaths occurred. A healthy worker effect is observed for men (SMR = 0.57, CI90% = [0.56;0.59]) and for women (SMR = 0.72, CI90% = [0.67;0.77]). Nine sites of cancer death were found to be in statistically significant deficit among men, none among women. An excess of pleural cancers is observed among men (SMR = 1.79, CI90% = [1.27;2.45]) and of malignant melanoma (SMR = 1.50, CI90% = [1.04;2.11]). An excess of breast cancer is observed among women on the borderline of significance (SMR = 1.14, CI90% = [0.94;1.37]).ConclusionsExcesses observed will have to be related to occupational exposures in the on‐going cohort study on French nuclear workers which includes a retrospective exposures assessment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:34–44, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational injury mortality surveillance in the United States: An examination of census counts from two different surveillance systems, 1992–1997
Authors: Layne Larry A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe surveillance of occupational injury mortality in the United States has evolved over the last century. Currently there are two different data sources used for the study of occupational injury mortality. Each system varies in methodology, leading to different census counts. We provide an overview and analysis of similarities and differences in these two systems.MethodsThe National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) were examined for civilian deaths at work in the United States from 1992 to 1997.ResultsThere were 31,643 occupational injury mortality cases according to NTOF and 37,023 from CFOI for civilian workers 16‐years and older in the United States for the 6‐year period of analysis. The annual average occupational injury mortality rates were 4.5 per 100,000 full time equivalent workers from NTOF and 5.2 from CFOI. The higher capture rate by CFOI was consistent across each of the 6 years. Similar patterns for demographics, industry, and occupation, and type of incident were seen for both systems.ConclusionsWhile NTOF provides more years of data dating back to 1980, CFOI (established in 1992) provides a more comprehensive capture of occupational injury mortality and provides greater detail of the mortality incidents. The overall injury mortality patterns, however, appear to be similar between the systems. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:1–13, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute occupational pesticide‐related illness in the US, 1998–1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR‐pesticides program
Authors: Calvert Geoffrey M. , Plate David K. , Das Rupali , Rosales Rachel , Shafey Omar , Thomsen Catherine , Male Dorilee , Beckman John , Arvizu Ernest , Lackovic Michelle 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackgroundConcern about the adverse public health and environmental effects of pesticide use is persistent. Recognizing the importance of surveillance for acute occupational pesticide‐related illness, we report on surveillance for this condition across multiple states.MethodsSurvey data collected between 1998 and 1999 were obtained from the seven states that conduct acute occupational pesticide‐related illness surveillance as part of the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) program. Data were collected by these state programs in a standardized manner and analyzed. Acute occupational pesticide‐related illness incidence rates for those employed in agriculture and those employed in non‐agricultural industries were also calculated.ResultsBetween 1998 and 1999, a total of 1,009 individuals with acute occupational pesticide‐related illness were identified by states participating in the SENSOR‐pesticides program. The mean age was 36 years, and incidence rates peaked among 20–24 year‐old workers. The overall incidence rate was 1.17 per 100,000 full time equivalents (FTEs). The incidence rate among those employed in agriculture was higher (18.2/100,000 FTEs) compared to those employed in non‐agricultural industries (0.53/100,000 FTEs). Most of the illnesses were of low severity (69.7%). Severity was moderate in 29.6% of the cases, and high in four cases (0.4%). Three fatalities were identified. Insecticides were responsible for 49% of all illnesses.ConclusionsSurveillance is an important tool to assess acute pesticide‐related illness, and to identify associated risk factors. Our findings suggest that these illnesses continue to be an important occupational health problem, especially in agriculture. As such, greater efforts are needed to prevent acute occupational pesticide‐related illness. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:14–23, 2004.	Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant mesothelioma in Italy, 1997
Authors: Nesti Massimo , Marinaccio Alessandro , Chellini Elisabetta ,   Regional Operational Centers
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe Italian National Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM) was set up at the Istituto Superiore Prevenzione e Sicurezza Lavoro (ISPESL), in Rome, in accordance with Art. 36 of Italian Legislative Decree No. 277 [1991].MethodsFive Italian regions, Piedmont, Liguria, Emilia‐Romagna, Tuscany, and Apulia, agreed to record mesothelioma cases according to guidelines established by ISPESL, to define exposure to asbestos and transmit the data systematically to ISPESL.ResultsFour hundred and twenty‐nine mesothelioma cases, diagnosed in 1997, are recorded. The standardized annual incidence rate for definite pleural mesothelioma is 1.51 per 100,000 inhabitants (2.26 for males and 0.79 for females). Exposure was defined for 198 mesotheliomas with a histological diagnosis: 125 (63%) refer to occupational exposure, 10 (5%) to environmental exposure, and 5 (2.5%) to household exposure.ConclusionsDespite the ReNaM's work, many limitations still have to be overcome. Clear‐cut information on asbestos exposure is available for a limited number of cases; and differing regional procedures in collecting and evaluating mesotheloma cases exist. At this stage the identification and evaluation of a large number of cases of mesothelioma is a worthwhile result. This epidemiological surveillance, currently being extended to other regions, will enable us to better assess the impact and diffusion of this disease in future, and to monitor more closely the effects of ceasing asbestos use in 1992, and the efficacy of preventive measures since mid '70s. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:55–62, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integration of workers' compensation and health insurance prescription drug programs: How does it work and do employees use it?
Authors: Saleh Shadi , Washington Stephanie , Stapleton David , Livermoore Gina 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackgroundIn 1998, New York State designed and developed an integrated workers' compensation (WC)/health plan prescription drug program, ONECARD Rx, in response to cost inefficiencies within the then current system and in an attempt to improve the quality of care provided to WC claimants. This paper describes the benefit's design and development process and factors related to its use.MethodsUsers and non‐users of the program were surveyed through a mailed questionnaire with appropriate telephone follow‐up.ResultsEight steps were followed in the development of the benefit. Results obtained from the assessment of ONECARD Rx suggest that factors affecting use mainly relate to the knowledge of both, employees and pharmacists, of the program. The two main differences detected between users and non‐users included the state agency the employee works for and the site of residence.ConclusionsInnovative strategies that couple private and public agencies should aim at reducing the costs and eliminating inefficiencies while improving the quality of care, of which satisfaction is an important component. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:103–112, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunological and respiratory changes in tobacco workers
Authors: Zuskin Eugenija , Mustajbegovic Jadranka , Schachter E. Neil , Kanceljak Bozica , Macan Jelena , Kern Josipa , Buneta Lucija , Pucarin‐Cvetkovic Jasna 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackgroundTobacco workers develop respiratory changes following occupational exposure to tobacco dust.MethodsThis study investigated 102 tobacco workers as well as a group of 30 matched control workers. Immunological testing, symptom questionnaire, and lung function measurements were performed in all workers.ResultsIncreased total IgE was found in 12.7% of tobacco workers but in none of the controls (P < 0.05). Increased specific IgE (tobacco allergen) was recorded in 26.7% of tobacco workers with positive skin tests to tobacco extract but in none of the controls (P < 0.05). Regression analysis of ventilatory tests in female tobacco workers indicated a significant association of FEF75 to employment and smoking among workers with positive skin tests to tobacco. There were, however, no other associations between positive immunologic findings and lung function abnormalities and symptoms.ConclusionsOur study found increased immunological reactions in the tobacco workers. However, with the possible exception of lung function at low lung volume in female workers, these reactions do not appear to contribute significantly to the symptoms and lung function abnormalities seen in these workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:76–83, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mercury, cadmium, and arsenite enhance heat shock protein synthesis in chick embryos prior to embryotoxicity
Authors: Papaconstantinou Andriana D. , Brown Ken M. , Noren Bradley T. , McAlister Terence , Fisher Benjamin R. , Goering Peter L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUND: Cells respond to adverse environmental stimuli by enhancing the expression of specific genes, the products of which include a suite of proteins known as heat shock proteins (hsps), a response often attributed to cellular protection. METHODS:In this study, we characterized alterations in hsp expression in chick embryos (Hamburger‐Hamilton stage 17, 72 h) exposed in ovo to arsenite (As), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), known developmental toxicants. Embryos were incubated for 2 h following exposure to 3, 10, 30, or 100 nmol metal, or for 2, 4, 12, or 24 h following treatment with 10 nmol metal. RESULTS: An enhanced de novo synthesis of 24‐, 70‐, and 90‐kD, 70‐ and 90‐kD, and 70‐kD proteins was observed with As, Hg, and Cd treatments, respectively. These responses were transient; apparent rates of protein synthesis were maximal 2–4 h after exposure and returned to control rates by 24 h. Actinomycin D experiments demonstrated that arsenite‐induced expression of these proteins is transcriptionally regulated. Immunoblotting experiments identified the 24‐, 70‐, and 90‐kD proteins as the heat shock proteins hsp24, hsp70, and hsp90, respectively. Exposure duration‐related abnormalities were noted in the neural tube with all metals and in the ganglia and somites with Cd and As. Retina, allantois, and limb defects were specific to Cd‐treated embryos, and branchial arch defects were specific to As‐treated embryos. CONCLUSIONS: The data support metal‐induced developmental abnormalities, which are preceded by synthesis of stress proteins. Birth Defects Res B 68:456–464, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.