bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency‐trajectory‐oriented control strategy for primary frequency regulation of wind farms
Authors: Yang Xusong , Liu Lei , Gu Xinyu , Luo Xianjue 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the rapid increase of wind power penetration, the frequency indicators of power system, encompassing frequency deviation and rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), are prone to exceed the pertinent relay thresholds, thus leading to serious power outages. Wind farms can participate in primary frequency regulation (PFR) to alleviate the above problem. However, wind farms reserve capacity (WFRC) presented by overspeed control and pitch angle control is the important factor for frequency safety especially when large disturbance occurs, and it varies obviously in different conditions. Thus, WFRC should be utilized optimally to avoid insufficient or excessive response of wind farms in PFR. To overcome the challenge, this paper proposes frequency‐trajectory‐oriented control (FTOC) for wind farms based on a two‐fold optimization framework, seeking to obtain the best frequency control performances in PFR through realizing the optimal compromise between frequency results and the consumption of WFRC. First, when the frequency indicators deviate significantly from the normal values, the optimal frequency trajectory is planned periodically according to the local standards and operation conditions, thereby minimizing the total consumption of WFRC on the premise of frequency safety. Second, based on model predictive control and a real‐time power system parameters estimator, the total reference power of wind farms, which helps the frequency track the latest planned trajectory, is optimally distributed among wind generators according to their reserve capacity. In this case, through the optimal frequency trajectory planning and tracking, the new method in this paper not only effectively prevents the frequency results from exceeding the local standards under diverse conditions, but also finds the optimal balance among frequency indicators safety, frequency trajectory smoothness, and the reserve capacity consumption of wind power generators. Finally, the simulation results prove the effectiveness and advancement of FTOC.
Behaviour analysis of H‐bridge high‐voltage capacitor banks fault on 230‐kV substation using discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Chiradeja Pathomthat , Lertwanitrot Praikanok , Ngaopitakkul Atthapol , Pothisarn Chaichan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe protection of traditional high‐voltage capacitor banks relies on an unbalance relay which operates when an internal fuse is blown. However, the unbalance relay cannot indicate the cause of the fault. Thus, an operator wastes time and human resources investigating the fault issues. In this paper, a fault which occurred in a 230‐kV power system of Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand was observed by performing simulations using the Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) program. The study system based on the double bus station and 72 MVAR capacitor banks was installed in the form of a back‐to‐back topology. Three scenarios were considered: normal condition, fault occurrence in one capacitor bank and fault occurrence in both capacitor banks. Current characteristics such as the current phase and difference in unbalance current were considered. In addition, discrete wavelet transform was applied to solve the ambiguity of current generated from the PSCAD. The authors’ results suggest that identifying fault events using a coefficient of wavelet is more efficient than relying on the current amplitude. The findings mentioned in this paper can be applied in a traditional power system protection scheme to enhance a system's reliability.
Resilience of modern power distribution networks with active coordination of EVs and smart restoration
Authors: Alghamdi Abdullah Ali M. , Jayaweera Dilan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this modern era of cyber–physical–social systems, there is a need of dynamic coordination strategies for electric vehicles (EVs) to enhance the resilience of modern power distribution networks (MPDNs). This paper proposes a two‐stage EV coordination framework for MPDN smart restoration. The first stage is to introduce a novel proactive EV prepositioning model to optimize planning prior to a rare event, and thereby enhance the MPDN survivability in its immediate aftermath. The second stage involves creating an advanced spatial–temporal EV dispatch model to maximize the number of available EVs for discharging, thereby improving the MPDN recovery after a rare event. The proposed framework also includes an information system to further enhance MPDN resilience by effectively organizing data exchange among intelligent transportation system and smart charging system, and EV users. In addition, a novel bidirectional geographic graph is proposed to optimize travel plans, covering a large penetration of EVs and considering variations in traffic conditions. The effectiveness is assessed on a modified IEEE 123‐node test feeder with real‐world transportation and charging infrastructure. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in MPDN resilience with smart restoration strategies. The validation and sensitivity analyses evidence a significant superiority of the proposed framework.
An adaptive distance protection back‐up scheme for transmission lines connected to doubly fed induction generator wind farms based on setting groups procedure
Authors: Fattahyan Yousef , Ramezani Nabiollah , Ahmadi Iraj 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGenerally, wind speed alters continuously during a day and leads to fluctuating output power of a wind farm (WF). Connecting such a WF to the transmission line of grid causes a malfunction in the performance of the backup zone of the distance relays due to the random nature of generation and the number of connected wind turbines (WF penetration). In this study, a new adaptive setting groups‐based method has been proposed to set the second zone of the distance relay in the grid with a WF equipped with a doubly fed induction generator. In this method, the authors have also taken into account the uncertainty of wind fluctuations and the availability of WT. A Markov model is developed to implement these features. To determine the impedance setting of each of the set groups of the second zone in the distance relays of the remote bus, the obtained impedances are clustered in four clusters by using the combination of K‐means and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Finally, the details of the analysis results of this issue have been compared with other methods available in the literature. The validity and accuracy of the proposed approach also have been assayed and confirmed.
A review of electric vehicle hosting capacity quantification and improvement techniques for distribution networks
Authors: Fatima Samar , Püvi Verner , Lehtonen Matti , Pourakbari‐Kasmaei Mahdi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe electrification of the transport sector to control the carbon footprint has been gaining momentum over the last decade with electric vehicles (EVs) seen as the replacement for conventional internal combustion engines. Economic incentives, subsidies, and tax exemptions are also paving the way for rising EV penetration in the power distribution networks. However, the exponential EV adoption requires careful technical and regulatory analysis of traditional networks to satisfy the network reliability constraints. Therefore, it would be vital to find EV hosting capacity (HC) limits of networks from a multifaceted approach involving various market players, mainly distribution system operators and EV owners. This review provides a systematic categorization of EV hosting capacity evaluation and improvement methods, thus enabling researchers and industry personnel to navigate the advancing landscape of EVs. This novel framework extends beyond the theoretical implication of diverse objective functions and HC improvement methods to the actual numerical values of EV HC across varying geographical settings. Therefore, this unique synthesis of varying aspects of EV HC facilitates the in‐depth understanding of the integration of sustainable energy and transport sector.
A two‐stage iterative method for short‐wave source localisation
Authors: Jiang Linqiang , Tang Tao , Wu Zhidong , Zhao Paihang , Zhang Ziqiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractShort‐wave source localisation has an important role in many fields. A two‐stage iterative algorithm is proposed based on the ionospheric virtual height (IVH) model using the direction of arrival (DOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, which is divided into DOA stage and TDOA stage. The optimisation problem of the TDOA stage can be obtained by using the result of DOA stage and TDOA measurements. During the solution process, the non‐convex quadratic equation constraints are converted to linear constraints, which can lead to the algorithm converges to the global optimal solution and the optimal solution can be analytically solved. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that the localisation accuracy of both stages can reach the corresponding constrained Cramér‐Rao lower bound (CCRLB). And the accuracy of TDOA stage achieves the CCRLB of hybrid localisation. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulations.
Identification of basement membrane markers in diabetic kidney disease and immune infiltration by using bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification
Authors: Shi Rui , Zhao Wen‐Man , Zhu Li , Wang Rui‐Feng , Wang De‐Guang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Basement membranes (BMs) are ubiquitous extracellular matrices which are affected in many diseases including DKD. Here, the authors aimed to identify BM‐related markers in DKD and explored the immune cell infiltration in this process. The expression profiles of three datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. BM‐related differentially expression genes (DEGs) were identified and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis were applied to biological functions. Immune cell infiltration and immune function in the kidneys of patients with DKD and healthy controls were evaluated and compared using the ssGSEA algorithm. The association of hub genes and immune cells and immune function were explored. A total of 30 BM‐related DEGs were identified. The functional analysis showed that BM‐related DEGs were notably associated with basement membrane alterations. Crucially, BM‐related hub genes in DKD were finally identified, which were able to distinguish patients with DKD from controls. Moreover, the authors observed that laminin subunit gamma 1(LAMC1) expression was significantly high in HK2 cells treated with high glucose. Immunohistochemistry results showed that, compared with those in db/m mouse kidneys, the levels of LAMC1 in db/db mouse kidneys were significantly increased. The biomarkers genes may prove crucial for DKD treatment as they could be targeted in future DKD treatment protocols.
Neuroprognostication: Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Traub Rebecca , Chaudhry Vinay 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGuillain–Barré syndrome is an immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nerves characterized by rapidly progressing symmetric weakness, areflexia, and albuminocytological dissociation. Most patients reach their nadir within 2 weeks. Disease severity can be mild to severe, with 20% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are equally effective treatments. Monitoring strength, respiratory function, blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as pain management and rehabilitative therapy are important aspects of management. About 20% of patients require assistance to walk at 6 months. Older age, preceding diarrhea, and lower Medical Research Council (MRC) sum scores predict poor outcome. Death from cardiovascular and respiratory complications can occur in the acute or recovery phases of the illness in 3 to 7% of the patients. Risk factors for mortality include advanced age and disease severity at onset. Neuropathic pain, weakness, and fatigue can be residual symptoms; risk factors for these include axonal loss, sensory involvement, and severity of illness.
Responsiveness of the Immune System to Nanomedicine during Coronavirus Infections: Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ur Rehman Tanzeel , Woodman Alexander , Rasheed Mohammad , Zahid Misbah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective Nanomedicine can play an important role in the various stages of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and research related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While nanomedicine is a powerful interdisciplinary means that offers various approaches in patient treatment, a number of factors should be critically studied to find approaches and mechanisms in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. This bibliometric analysis was designed to explore studies on the current knowledge of the structure, its mechanism of cell binding, and the therapeutic effect of nanomedicine on COVID-19.
Materials and Methods The study data was searched from Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) between 2017 and 2021. Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used to analyze and visualize patterns in scientific literature derived from WoS.
Results The three clusters of keywords resulted relating to aim. Cluster 1 looking into epidemiological and public health studies on COVID-19. Cluster 2 included terms associated with virus transition, such as receptor binding, membrane glycoprotein, membrane fusion, and viral envelope proteins. Cluster 3 involved high-frequency keywords associated with nanomedicine, such as metal nanoparticles, drug delivery system doxorubicin, immunology, immune response, inflammation, and unclassified drug. Keywords such as “nanotechnology” and “gold nanoparticles” were at the center of COVID-19 related clusters, indicating the importance of these areas during the outbreak.
Conclusions Understanding the advanced virology of coronaviruses and interfering with their spread through nanomedicine could significantly impact global health and economic stability. Continuous research is needed to accelerate the transfer of nanomedicine results into practice of treatment without risk of side effects.
Monetary policy models: lessons from the Eurozone crisis
Authors: Gutiérrez-Diez Pedro J. , Pál Tibor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper theoretically and empirically investigates the puzzling decade-long concurrence of expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, decreasing credit flows, fall in price levels, and sluggish real activity observed in the Euro area from the outset of the 2007–2008 financial crisis. To this end, we propose a monetary general equilibrium model that clarifies the transmission mechanisms, debt–deflation channels, and the paramount role of financial leverage decisions underlying these peculiarities. On this basis, a vector error correction model is specified which confirms the theoretical predictions and provides insights into the elements specific to the long-term relations. In addition, the estimated impulse response functions document the associated short-term dynamics outlining the debt–deflation mechanism.
Knowledge-based HRM and business process innovation in the hospitality industry
Authors: Sarfraz Muddassar , Khawaja Kausar Fiaz , Khalil Mahmoona , Han Heesup 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of knowledge-based HR practices on business process innovation under the moderating role of Knowledge-Centered Organizational Culture (KCOC) and the mediating role of Absorptive Capacity (AC). Data was collected from the managers of hospitality firms via questionnaires from May to September 2022, using a quantitative data analytic process. The results demonstrate that formal and informal knowledge-based HR practices are vital to achieving business innovation performance with interpersonal AC mediating and KCOC moderating. The findings of our study provide research-based practical implications for various stakeholders and a significant theoretical contribution to fill the research gap in the literature. This research presents empirical insights that are applicable to the management of the hotel industry.
Construction of symmetric paired choice experiments: minimising runs and maximising efficiency
Authors: Alamri Abdulrahman S. , Georgiou Stelios D. , Stylianou Stella 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiscrete choice experiments (DCEs) are popular in various fields such as health resources, marketing, transport, economics, and many others for identifying the factors that influence an individual’s choice behaviour. Selecting the DCE design is crucial in determining the observable effects. In this paper, the optimal form of the information matrix is introduced for attributes at two levels, main effect models, and equal choice probabilities for paired choice experiments. Additionally, the construction of D-optimal designs is modified to obtain DCEs when the number of attributes equals the number of runs, including designs with choice sets of sizes that are not necessarily multiples of 4, i.e. N ≢ 0mod4. The designs suggested in this paper have the same or higher D-efficiencies than existing efficient designs for the same number of choice sets. Moreover, the proposed design techniques can be extended to be applied to situations where the attributes of DCEs have a higher number of levels (ℓ > 2), resulting in designs with the same improved D-efficiencies and sufficiently small sample sizes. The designs proposed in this paper offer a notable advantage by allowing a reduction of 33% in the number of choice pairs with only a marginal loss of 11% in D-efficiency when compared to an optimal design. In comparison, the design suggested by other researchers incurs a higher loss in D-efficiency.
Design, calibration, and performance of a uniaxial pressure cell for neutron scattering studies of quantum magnetism
Authors: Sandberg L. Ø. , Haubro M. L. , Krighaar K. M. L. , Edberg R. , Fjellvåg I. M. B. , Guthrie M. , Holmes A. T. , Mangin-Thro L. , Wildes A. , Henelius P. , Lefmann K. , Deen P. P. 
Published: October 2023

We provide an overview of a pressure cell designed to apply uniaxial pressure to single crystals for the study, by neutron scattering techniques, of strongly correlated magnetic systems and, in particular, quantum magnets. A detailed overview of the pressure cell components, their requirements, and links to the scientific and technical specifications are presented. The pressure cell is able to accommodate a 200 mm3 single crystal that can be pressurized up to 2 GPa at cryogenic temperatures. The pressure cell is consistent with the requirements of inelastic neutron scattering and, importantly, neutron polarization analysis. A particular strength of the uniaxial pressure cell is the highly uniform and low background for a wide scattering angle of 360° horizontally and ±20° vertically. We show the performance of the uniaxial pressure cell using a relevant neutron scattering instrument, the polarized diffuse scattering instrument, D7. The experiments confirm that the cell complies with the scientific and technical requirements. This uniaxial pressure cell will provide a useful additional tool in the sample environment suite available for the study of quantum magnetism.
Teaching ideal gas in a uniform field: exploring student preferences
Authors: Kanchanapusakit Wittaya , Tanalikhit Pattarapon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An ideal classical gas under uniform gravity is a commonly discussed problem in statistical thermodynamics. At an introductory level, the condition of hydrostatic equilibrium gives rise to the barometric formula, which describes the variation of gas pressure with height. At an advanced level, the partition function can be used to find the density and the internal energy of the gas. These methods rely heavily on mathematical concepts, which may pose a difficulty to some students. This article presents teaching the problem via the virial theorem, emphasising the physical picture of the particle distribution. The virial theorem allows the internal energy to be expressed as an integral over the surface of the container. For the pedagogical purpose, visualisation of how the particles distribute themselves at extreme temperatures helps determine the internal energy of the gas. Student feedback is used as a basis for evaluating different approaches to the problem.
Uniformly expanding random walks on manifolds
Authors: Elliott Smith Rosemary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper we construct uniformly expanding random walks on smooth manifolds. Potrie showed that given any open set U of

Diff

vol

∞

(

T

2

)

, there exists an uniformly expanding random walk µ supported on a finite subset of U. In this paper we extend those results to closed manifolds of any dimension, building on the work of Potrie and Chung to build a robust class of examples. Adapting to higher dimensions, we work with a new definition of uniform expansion that measures volume growth in subspaces rather than norm growth of single vectors.
Examining the Influence of the Regions on Star Formation Surface Density
Authors: Lei Feng-jie , Wu Hong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We analyzed the star formation surface density (ΣSFR) between the global and H ii regions in a sample of 69 low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) and 68 star-forming (SF) galaxies using data from the Hα images. The conventional global ΣSFR, which is defined as the star formation rate (SFR) divided by the area of the global galaxy, may not accurately describe the star formation activity in LSBGs due to the lower number of H ii regions compared to SF galaxies. To address this, we divide the global galaxy into two regions, the H ii region and the diffuse region, and then study the ΣSFR in each region. Our results show that both the SFR and area of the H ii regions in LSBGs are lower than those in SF galaxies, resulting in the H ii region’s ΣSFR (SFR/area) being slightly lower in LSBGs than in SF galaxies by 0.28 dex, although the global ΣSFR is at least an order of magnitude lower in LSBGs than in SF galaxies. Furthermore, a significant difference exists between the global and H ii regions in ΣSFR. In LSBGs, ΣSFR increased by 0.80 dex from the global region to the H ii region, while SF galaxies demonstrate a 0.54 dex increase, highlighting the crucial aspect of carefully selecting an appropriate aperture for ΣSFR calculations.