bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meiotic Recombination in Drosophila Females Depends on Chromosome Continuity Between Genetically Defined Boundaries
Authors: Sherizen Dalia , Jang Janet K , Bhagat Rajal , Kato Naohiro , McKim Kim S 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
In the pairing-site model, specialized regions on each chromosome function to establish meiotic homolog pairing. Analysis of these sites could provide insights into the mechanism used by Drosophila females to form a synaptonemal complex (SC) in the absence of meiotic recombination. These specialized sites were first established on the X chromosome by noting that there were barriers to crossover suppression caused by translocation heterozygotes. These sites were genetically mapped and proposed to be pairing sites. By comparing the cytological breakpoints of third chromosome translocations to their patterns of crossover suppression, we have mapped two sites on chromosome 3R. We have performed experiments to determine if these sites have a role in meiotic homolog pairing and the initiation of recombination. Translocation heterozygotes exhibit reduced gene conversion within the crossover-suppressed region, consistent with an effect on the initiation of meiotic recombination. To determine if homolog pairing is disrupted in translocation heterozygotes, we used fluorescent in situ hybridization to measure the extent of homolog pairing. In wild-type oocytes, homologs are paired along their entire lengths prior to accumulation of the SC protein C(3)G. Surprisingly, translocation heterozygotes exhibited homolog pairing similar to wild type within the crossover-suppressed regions. This result contrasted with our observations of c(3)G mutant females, which were found to be defective in pairing. We propose that each Drosophila chromosome is divided into several domains by specialized sites. These sites are not required for homolog pairing. Instead, the initiation of meiotic recombination requires continuity of the meiotic chromosome structure within each of these domains.
Bedside Limited Echocardiography by the Emergency Physician Is Accurate During Evaluation of the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Pershad Jay , Myers Sharon , Plouman Cindy , Rosson Cindy , Elam Krista , Wan Jim , Chin Thomas 
Published: November 2004

Objective. Echocardiography can be a rapid, noninvasive, objective tool in the assessment of ventricular function and preload during resuscitation of a critically ill or injured child. We sought to determine the accuracy of bedside limited echocardiography by the emergency physician (BLEEP) in estimation of (1) left ventricular function (LVF) and (2) inferior vena cava (IVC) volume, as an indirect measure of preload.Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of patients who were admitted to our intensive care unit. All patients underwent BLEEP followed by an independent formal echocardiogram by an experienced pediatric echocardiography provider (PEP). IVC volume was assessed by measurement of the maximal diameter of the IVC. LVF was determined by calculating shortening fraction (SF) using M-mode measurements on the parasternal short-axis view at the level of the papillary muscle. An independent blinded pediatric cardiologist reviewed all images for accuracy and quality. Estimates of SF obtained on the BLEEP examination were compared with those obtained by the PEP.Results. Thirty-one patients were enrolled. The mean age was 5.1 years (range: 23 days–16 years); 48.4% (15 of 31) were girls; 58.1% (18 of 31) were on mechanical ventilatory support at the time of their study. There was good agreement between the emergency physician (EP) and the PEP for estimation of SF (r = 0.78). The mean difference in the estimate of SF between the providers was 4.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.6%–7.2%). This difference in estimate of SF was statistically significant. Similarly, there was good agreement between the EP and the PEP for estimation of IVC volume (r = 0.8). The mean difference in the estimate of IVC diameter by the PEP and the EP was 0.068 mm (95% confidence interval: −0.16 to 0.025 mm). This difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions. Our study suggests that PEP sonographers are capable of obtaining images that permit accurate assessment of LVF and IVC volume. BLEEP can be performed with focused training and oversight by a pediatric cardiologist.
Sedimentation and water electrolysis effects in electrofiltration of kaolin suspension
Authors: Larue O. , Vorobiev E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFiltration combined with an electric field (electrofiltration) enhances the filtration kinetics of aqueous suspensions. Although electrophoresis and electroosmosis largely contribute to electrofiltration behavior, side effects such as water electrolysis, heat production, and gravitational sedimentation of particles may be influential. A mathematical model was developed to include gravitational sedimentation of particles and electrolytic gas in electrofiltration theory. The model successfully represented electrofiltration data obtained from kaolin suspensions with a laboratory horizontal filter. Electrolytic gas contributed to an increase of 13% in electrofiltration rate. Settling particles increased cake resistance to downward electrofiltration flow and could substantially offset electrokinetic effects at high settling velocities. Because of electrolysis ionic products, a decrease of pH occurred in the filter during electrofiltration, causing the coagulation of kaolin particles and an increase in hydraulic cake permeability. Subsequent filtration could then take place rapidly without any electric field. The overall processing time was decreased by half when an electric field is applied only for 37% of the processing time. This coagulation phenomenon seems to be a promising means to accelerate the filtration kinetics without the need for full‐time electrofiltration. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 3120–3133, 2004
K2[Ge(B4O9)]×2H2O: A Unique 3D Alternating Linkage Mode of a B4O9 Cluster and GeO4 Unit in Borogermanate with Two Pairs of Interweaving Double Helical Channels.
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Xia , Zhang Jie , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Wang Guo‐Ming , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Catalyst Structure and Regio‐ as well as Stereoselectivity in the Chiral Ammonium Bifluoride‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Silyl Nitronates to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Morimoto Kumiko , Doda Kanae , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis of New Chiral Phosphine—Phosphinites, Phosphine—Phosphoramidite, and Phosphine—Phosphite Ligands and Their Applications in Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Jia Xian , Li Xingshu , Lam Wing Sze , Kok Stanton H. L. , Xu Lijin , Lu Gui , Yeung Chi‐Hung , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zirconium Triflate Catalyzed Direct Coupling Reaction of Lactams with Heterocyclic Arenes under Atmospheric Oxygen.
Authors: Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Ozawa Yoshitaka , Negoro Ryoju , Shirakawa Eiji , Kawakami Yusuke 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Method for the Preparation of Inverted Alkyl Carboxylates and Phenyl Carboxylates via Oxidation—Reduction Condensation Using 2,6‐Dimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone or Simple 1,4‐Benzoquinone.
Authors: Shintou Taichi , Fukumoto Kentaro , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Synthesis of Lactones and Dihydronaphthalenes from Methyl 2‐Isobutenyl (or 2‐Isopentenyl)cinnamates as the Common Intermediates.
Authors: GowriSankar Saravanan , Lee Chang Gon , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐ and 2‐Heteroaryl‐3,5‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐benzoquinones Involving Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of (2,3,4,6‐Tetramethoxyphenyl)boronic Acid.
Authors: Lana Enio Jose Leao , Carazza Fernando , de Oliveira Rosilene Aparacida 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Controlled Cyclization of 1,3‐Dilithiopropargylbenzene Adduct with Phenyl Isothiocyanate: Highly Selective Synthesis of Iminothietane and Iminocyclobutene.
Authors: Tarasova O. A. , Brandsma L. , Nedolya N. A. , Albanov A. I. , Klyba L. B. , Trofimov B. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Synthesis of Mono‐ and Bis‐decahydrobenzocarbazoles via Tandem Reactions of α‐Diazo Ketones.
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Gunanathan Chidambaram , Suresh Eringathodi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
5‐[(2‐Methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)ethynyl]‐2,3′‐bipyridine: A Highly Potent, Orally Active Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 (mGlu5) Receptor Antagonist with Anxiolytic Activity.
Authors: Roppe Jeffrey R. , et al. et al. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Allylic Dehydration, Retro‐Pinacol, Pinacol‐Like and Enamide Reactions: Synthesis of New Isoquinolines.
Authors: Akue‐Gedu Rufine , Bourry Anne , Camus Fabrice , Norberg Bernadette , Durant Francois , Couturier Daniel , DeBacker Marc , Rigo Benoit 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of 1,5‐Diazaanthraquinones as Antitumor Compounds.
Authors: Avendano Carmen , Perez Jose Maria , del Mar Blanco M. , de la Fuente Jesus Angel , Manzanaro Sonia , Vicent Maria Jesus , Martin Maria Jesus , Salvador‐Tormo Nelida , Menendez J. Carlos 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Double Cyclization of Bis(α‐hetarylmethyl)amino Esters to Optically Active Bridged N‐Heterocycles of HIV‐Inhibiting Activity.
Authors: Faltz Heike , Bender Christoph , Woehrl Birgitta M. , Vogel‐Bachmayr Karin , Huebscher Ullrich , Ramadan Kristijan , Liebscher Juergen 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of P1′ Arylsulfonamide Azacyclic Urea HIV Protease Inhibitors.
Authors: Huang Peggy P. , Randolph John T. , Klein Larry L. , Vasavanonda Sudthida , Dekhtyar Tatyana , Stoll Vincent S. , Kempf Dale J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of (Azidomethyl)phenylboronic Acids.
Authors: Fedorov A. Yu. , Shchepalov A. A. , Bol'shakov A. V. , Shavyrin A. S. , Kurskii Yu. A. , Finet J.‐P. , Zelentsov S. V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
P‐Chiral Phosphinoselenoic Chlorides and Optically Active P‐Chiral Phosphinoselenoic Amides: Synthesis and Stereospecific Interconversion with Extrusion and Addition Reactions of the Selenium Atom.
Authors: Kimura Tsutomu , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Protoilludane‐Type Sesquiterpenes, Echinocidins A and B, from a Mycelial Culture of Echinodontium tsugicola.
Authors: Shiono Yoshihito , Seto Takayuki , Kamata Manabu , Takita Chinatsu , Suzuki Shinsuke , Murayama Tetsuya , Ikeda Michimasa 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polar Steroidal Compounds from the Far‐Eastern Starfish Lethasterias nanimensis chelifera.
Authors: Kicha A. A. , Ivanchina N. V. , Kalinovskii A. I. , Dmitrenok P. S. , Kainara S. O. , Aminin D. L. , Agafonova I. G. , Stonik V. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
YM‐215343, a Novel Antifungal Compound from Phoma sp. QN04621
Authors: Shibazaki Mitsuyoshi , Taniguchi Masatoshi , Yokoi Takako , Nagai Koji , Watanabe Masato , Suzuki Kenichi , Yamamoto Tomoko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intriguing Double‐Inversion Stereochemistry in the Denitrogenation of 2,3‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene‐type Azoalkanes: A Model Mechanistic Study in Physical Organic Chemistry
Authors: Adam Waldemar , Diedering Manfred , Trofimov Alexey V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Corporate social responsibility in Dutch industry
Authors: Cramer Jacqueline , Kim René , van Dam Erik 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article addresses the experiences gained by 19 Dutch companies with corporate social responsibility (CSR). These companies joined the programme ‘From financial to sustainable profit’ of the National Initiative for Sustainable Development (NIDO), which ran from May 2000 until December 2002. They focused on two issues: assessing the added value of corporate social responsibility and implementing a structured approach. The Dutch experiment showed that the companies involved were able to specify the added value of CSR by elaborating the economic performance and/or parenting advantage. Unfortunately, a third type of value creation, viz. through protecting the company's reputation, was not elaborated. Moreover, the experiment revealed that among the 19 participating companies experiences were limited in implementing a structured approach towards CSR. By exchanging experiences the companies learned from each other. Such interactive learning turned out to be a helpful support, complementary to the general CSR literature on guidelines, indicators and best practice guides. Although this literature is rapidly growing, knowledge is still lacking in structuring CSR. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The UK climate change levy: good intentions but potentially damaging to business
Authors: Hansford Ann , Hasseldine John , Woodward Thérèse 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe climate change levy (CCL) is an important part of the UK Government's response to being a signatory to the Kyoto agreement. Prior to the introduction of the levy there were sharply contrasting views, which ranged from Sir Robert May's view that it was ‘an opportunity, not a threat’ to the CBI's view that it should be an option of last resort. In order to consider the impact of the CCL on UK businesses, interviews were undertaken within one ‘not for profit’ and two commercial organizations to explore reactions to its introduction. The findings from the study suggest the primary foci of concerns are based upon increases to the cost base and threats to international competitiveness. Further, there is doubt that the ambitious targets signed up to by the UK Government are likely to be achieved, unless there are fundamental changes in support for businesses, or the targets are revised. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Carbon dioxide emission trading, or not? An institutional analysis of company behaviour in Sweden
Authors: Paulsson Fredrik , von Malmborg Fredrik 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Kyoto Protocol opens up for market based solutions in climate change mitigation. A number of companies in Europe, North America and Asia have already practiced carbon dioxide emission trading. Sweden and Swedish companies have a tradition of being proactive in environmental policy and management. However, Swedish companies are acting reactively or even passively when it comes to emission trading. This paper aims to elucidate and explain the Swedish companies' behaviour on this matter. From our study, which focuses primarily on the energy and forestry sectors, it was found that companies are principally in favour of emission trading, but they have not developed initiatives for emission trading in practice. The study indicates that the institutional arrangements in which companies are situated do not encourage emission trading. Ambiguous government policies are claimed to prevent the companies from making long‐term strategies on climate change mitigation in general and emission trading in particular. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Hydrology as a policy‐relevant science
Authors: Takeuchi Kuniyoshi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWater is now a global political agenda and water science is part of it. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, the 3rd World Water Forum and Ministerial Conference in Kyoto in 2003 and the G8 Summit in Evian in 2003 were all concerned about urgent global water issues and call for international scientific research collaboration. Hydrology is responding to such political commitments with various scientific initiatives that include the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB), the Global Energy and Water Circulation Experiments (GEWEX) Coordinated Enhanced Observation Period (CEOP), and the Global Water Systems Project (GWSP). These initiatives will play key roles in the implementation of the new intergovernmental project, Global Earth Observing System of Systems, under preparation by Global Observation Summits from 2003 to 2005. In order to achieve the MDGs, hydrological science has to play a major role supporting policy makers by overcoming methodological obstacles and providing the necessary information. This paper emphasizes that: the availability of ground measurements is a limiting factor that prevents the full use of scientific knowledge; hydrology has to integrate and downscale the various global information into local‐scale information useful for river basin management; as the availability of professional personnel is in critical short supply, in addition to funds needed, to achieve the MDGs any scientific research should always accompany capacity‐building programmes to close the science divide between developed and developing nations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BMRP is a Bcl‐2 binding protein that induces apoptosis
Authors: Chintharlapalli Sudhakar R. , Jasti Madhuri , Malladi Srinivas , Parsa Kishore V.L. , Ballestero Rafael P. , González‐García Maribel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMembers of the Bcl‐2 family of proteins play important roles in the regulation of cell death by apoptosis. The yeast Two‐Hybrid system was utilized to identify a protein that interacts with the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2, designated BMRP. This protein corresponds to a previously known mitochondrial ribosomal protein (MRPL41). Binding experiments confirmed the interaction of BMRP to Bcl‐2 in mammalian cells. Subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation studies showed that both Bcl‐2 and BMRP are localized to the same fractions (fractions that are rich in mitochondria). Northern blot analysis revealed a major bmrp mRNA band of approximately 0.8 kb in several human tissues. Additionally, a larger 2.2 kb mRNA species was also observed in some tissues. Western blot analysis showed that endogenous BMRP runs as a band of 16–17 kDa in SDS–PAGE. Overexpression of BMRP induced cell death in primary embryonic fibroblasts and NIH/3T3 cells. Transfection of BMRP showed similar effects to those observed by overexpression of the pro‐apoptotic proteins Bax or Bad. BMRP‐stimulated cell death was counteracted by co‐expression of Bcl‐2. The baculoviral caspase inhibitor p35 also protected cells from BMRP‐induced cell death. These findings suggest that BMRP is a mitochondrial ribosomal protein involved in the regulation of cell death by apoptosis, probably affecting pathways mediated by Bcl‐2 and caspases. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arsenic trioxide represses constitutive activation of NF‐κB and COX‐2 expression in human acute myeloid leukemia, HL‐60
Authors: Han Seong‐Su , Kim Kihyun , Hahm Eun‐Ryeong , Park Chan H. , Kimler Bruce F. , Lee Sook J. , Lee Se‐Hoon , Kim Won S. , Jung Chul Won , Park Keunchil , Kim Jingook , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Lee Je‐Ho , Park Seyeon 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIt has been proposed that eukaryotic nuclear factor nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancer. Arsenic has been widely used in medicine in Oriental countries. Recent studies have shown that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) could induce in vitro growth inhibition and apoptosis of malignant lymphocytes, and myeloma cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which As2O3 initiates cellular signaling toward cell death are still unclear. In the present study, the effects of As2O3 on NF‐κB and COX‐2 expression in HL‐60 cells were investigated. As2O3 suppressed DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB composed of p65/p50 heterodimer through preventing the degradation of IκB‐α and the nuclear translocation of p65 subsequently as well as interrupting the binding of NF‐κB with their consensus sequences. Inhibitory effect of As2O3 on NF‐κB DNA activity was dependent upon intracellular glutathione (GSH) and H2O2 level, but not superoxide anion. Futhermore, we found that As2O3 also downregulated the expression of COX‐2, which has NF‐κB binding site on its promoter through repressing the NF‐κB DNA‐binding activity. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic effect of prostaglandin F2α and cyclic AMP on glucose transport in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Chiou Guang‐Yuh , Fong Jim C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe combined effect of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and cAMP on glucose transport in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes was examined. In cells pretreated with PGF2α and 8‐bromo cAMP for 8 h, a synergy between these two agents on glucose uptake was found. Insulin‐stimulated glucose transport, on the other hand, was only slightly affected. The synergistic effect of these two agents was suppressed in the presence of cycloheximide and actinomycin D. In concord, immunoblot and Northern blot analyses revealed that GLUT1 protein and mRNA levels were both increased in cells pretreated with both PGF2α and 8‐bromo cAMP, greater than the additive effect of each agent alone. The synergistic action of PGF2α with 8‐bromo cAMP to enhance glucose transport was inhibited by GF109203X, a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. In addition, in cells depleted of diacylglycerol‐sensitive PKC by prolonged treatment with 4β‐phorbol 12β‐myristate 13α‐acetate, a PKC activator, the synergistic effects of PGF2α and 8‐bromo cAMP on glucose transport and GLUT1 mRNA accumulation were both abolished. Taken together, these results indicate that PGF2α may act with cAMP in a synergistic way to increase glucose transport, probably through enhanced GLUT1 expression by a PKC‐dependent mechanism. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marc concentration of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) in relation to sucrose storage
Authors: Hoffmann Christa M , Kenter Christine , Bloch Dorit 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPulp as a feed stuff produced in the sugar factory is estimated by the marc concentration in sugar beet, which consists of the insoluble cell wall compounds. To identify factors affecting level and development of marc concentration during the growing season, several field trials and pot experiments were carried out in 2000, 2001 and 2002. The results show that marc concentration decreased until 100 days after sowing, but then did not change markedly until October, when it ranged between 34 and 45 g kg−1 beet. Marc concentration was affected more by site and variety than by year. Differences in marc concentration were already established very early in the season (65 days after sowing). This was attributed to the formation of cambial rings and parenchyma cells in the root during this period, which determine sucrose storage. There was a positive correlation between marc and dry matter, sucrose and betaine, but a negative correlation to root yield and amino N. Marc concentration was about 10% lower than reported in the past, which is supposed to be due to a change in the optimal cell volume for sucrose storage and the cell wall thickness of new sugar beet varieties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry