bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of two Satureja species essential oils
Authors: Skočibušić Mirjana , Bezić Nada 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe phytochemical GC[sol ]MS analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Satureja montana L. and Satureja cuneifolia Ten., collected in Croatia were performed. The major compound of S. montana oil was the phenolic monoterpene carvacrol (45.7%). Other important compounds were the monoterpenic hydrocarbons p‐cymene (12.6%), γ‐terpinene (8.1%) and the oxygen‐containing compounds carvacrol methyl ether, borneol, thymol and thymol methyl ether. The volatile oil of S. cuneifolia was characterized as β‐cubebene (8.7%), limonene (8.3%), α‐pinene (6.9%), spathulenol and β‐caryophyllene. The antimicrobial effects of S. montana and S. cuneifolia oils were found to have a broad spectrum activity against multidrug‐resistant pathogens by the broth microdilution method. These oils were active against all the test strains, with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compared with S. cuneifolia, savory oil exhibited greater antimicrobial activity. The maximum activity of savory oil was observed against Escherichia coli, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and against the yeast (Candida albicans). The essential oil of S. cuneifolia was also found to inhibit the growth of medically important pathogens such as S. aureus and E. coli. Fungicidal activity for both oils against C. albicans and S. cerevisiae was also observed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Alnus japonica extracts on acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Kim Sang Tae , Kim Jung Do , Ahn Seung Hee , Ahn Gu Seok , Lee Young Ik , Jeong Yoong Seok 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe stem bark of the Betulaceae plant Alnus japonica, which is indigenous to Korea, has been used as a popular folk medicine for hepatitis and cancer. In this study, the antioxidant activity of the crude extract and the hepatoprotective activities on acetaminophen (AAP)‐induced toxicity in the rat liver were evaluated. We investigated the effect of the methanol (AJM) and solvent fracton of the stem bark of Alnus japonica (AJ) on AAP‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In rat hepatocyte culture, pretreatment with AJM (50, 100, 150 and 200 µg[sol ]ml) significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of AAP in a dose‐dependent manner. The pretreated with EtOAc and BuOH fraction led to an increase in free radical scavenging activity and a decrease in inhibition of lipid peroxidation, both superoxide dismutase and catalase prevent the hepatotoxicity by AAP in the treatment of A. japonica fraction. We conclude that AJ is an important antioxidant in AAP‐induced live hepatotoxicity and that extract of AJM plays a hepatoprotective effects in the against AAP‐induced cytotoxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes in vitro. Pending more evaluation for safety and efficacy, AJ can potentially be used in mitigating AAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supplementation with gliadin‐combined plant superoxide dismutase extract promotes antioxidant defences and protects against oxidative stress
Authors: Vouldoukis Ioannis , Conti Marc , Krauss Pascal , Kamaté Caroline , Blazquez Samantha , Tefit Maurel , Mazier Dominique , Calenda Alphonse , Dugas Bernard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe potential benefits to health of antioxidant enzymes supplied either through dietary intake or supplementation is still a matter of controversy. The development of dietary delivery systems using wheat gliadin biopolymers as a natural carrier represents a new alternative. Combination of antioxidant enzymes with this natural carrier not only delayed their degradation (i.e. the superoxide dismutase, SOD) during the gastrointestinal digestive process, but also promoted, in vivo, the cellular defences by strengthening the antioxidant status. The effects of supplementation for 28 days with a standardized melon SOD extract either combined (Glisodin®) or not with gliadin, were evaluated on various oxidative‐stress biomarkers. As already described there was no change either in superoxide dismutase, catalase or glutathione peroxidase activities in blood circulation or in the liver following non‐protected SOD supplementation. However, animals supplemented with Glisodin® showed a significant elevation in circulated antioxidant enzymes activities, correlated with an increased resistance of red blood cells to oxidative stress‐induced hemolysis. In the presence of Sin‐1, a chemical donor of peroxynitrites, mitochondria from hepatocytes regularly underwent membrane depolarization as the primary biological event of the apoptosis cascade. Hepatocytes isolated from animals supplemented with Glisodin® presented a delayed depolarization response and an enhanced resistance to oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis. It is concluded that supplementation with gliadin‐combined standardized melon SOD extract (Glisodin®) promoted the cellular antioxidant status and protected against oxidative stress‐induced cell death. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum in acute ethanol‐induced heart toxicity
Authors: Wong Kar‐Lok , Chao Hung‐Hsing , Chan Paul , Chang Li‐Ping , Liu Chi‐Feng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe hot water extract of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was shown to have antioxidative effect against heart toxicity. Investigations into the mechanisms of action, level of lipid peroxidation level in vivo, and superoxide scavenging activity were also conducted. The mice were divided into six groups with ten animals in each group. Ganoderma lucidum, at doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg[sol ]kg (p.o.) was administered. Superoxide anions were assayed by UV spectrophotometer using the cytochrome C reduction method. The results of this study showed that Ganoderma lucidum exhibited a dose‐dependent antioxidative effect on lipid peroxidation and superoxide scavenging activity in mouse heart homogenate. Additionally, this result indicated that heart damage induced by ethanol shows a higher malonic dialdehyde level compared with heart homogenate treated with Ganoderma lucidum. It is concluded that the antioxidative activity may therefore contribute to the cardioprotective effect of Ganoderma lucidum, and may therefore protect the heart from superoxide induced damage. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of an indigenous herbal compound preparation ‘Trikatu’ on the lipid profiles of atherogenic diet and standard diet fed Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Sivakumar Valsala , Sivakumar S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCombating heart disease is one of the challenging problems of biomedical science today. Towards this goal an indigenous preparation ‘Trikatu’ (a herbal combination containing Piper longum (fruit), Piper nigrum (fruit) and Zingiber officinale (rhizome) dry powder) was fed to normal and cholesterol fed male Rattus norvegicus to ascertain its efficacy as a hypolipidaemic agent. Its effects on body weight, blood and tissue (aortic, cardiac and hepatic) lipids – total, free and esterified cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL) and high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids – and the atherogenic index were measured. It was found that ‘Trikatu’ by virtue of its ability to reduce triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and to increase HDL cholesterol can reduce the risk of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Hence ‘Trikatu’ can be used as a potent hypolipidaemic agent and it can reduce the atherosclerosis associated with a high fat diet. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic properties of Harpagophytum procumbens DC (Pedaliaceae) secondary root aqueous extract
Authors: Mahomed Ismail M. , Ojewole John A. O. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSouth Africa is blessed with a rich floral biodiversity of medicinally useful plants. One such plant is Harpagophytum procumbens DC (Family: Pedaliaceae). H. procumbens is widely used in South African traditional medicine for the treatment, management and[sol ]or control of a variety of human ailments. In the present study, the analgesic effect of H. procumbens secondary root aqueous extract was evaluated in mice, using the ‘hot‐plate’ and ‘acetic acid’ test methods; while the antiinflammatory and antidiabetic effects of the plant's secondary root extract were investigated in rats. Fresh egg albumin‐induced pedal oedema and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mellitus were used as experimental test models of inflammation and diabetes Diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg[sol ]kg i.p.) was used as a reference analgesic and antiinflammatory agent for comparison. Chlorpropamide (250 mg[sol ]kg p.o.) was used as a reference hypoglycaemic agent for comparison. H. procumbens root aqueous extract (HPE, 50–800 mg[sol ]kg i.p.) produced significant (p < 0.05–0.001) analgesic effects against thermally and chemically induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice. H. procumbens root extract (HPE, 50–800 mg[sol ]kg i.p.) also produced dose‐related, significant reductions (p < 0.05–0.001) of the fresh egg albumin‐induced acute inflammation of the rat hind paw oedema. Furthermore, the plant extract (HPE, 50–800 mg[sol ]kg i.p.) produced dose‐dependent, significant reductions (p < 0.05–0.001) in the blood glucose concentrations of both fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. The results of this experimental animal study indicate that H. procumbens root aqueous extract possesses analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic properties, and lend pharmacological support to the suggested folklore uses of Harpagophytum procumbens root in the management and[sol ]or control of painful, arthritic and other inflammatory conditions, as well as for adult‐onset, type‐2 diabetes mellitus in some communities of South Africa. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candidaalbicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris
Authors: Giordani R. , Regli P. , Kaloustian J. , Mikaïl C. , Abou L. , Portugal H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe antifungal effect of the essential oil from Satureja montana L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lavandula hybrida Reverchon, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Perry, Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and six chemotypes of Thymus vulgaris L. on Candida albicans growth were studied. The most efficiency was obtained with the essential oil from Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype (MIC 80% = 0.016 µL[sol ]mL and Kaff = 296 µL[sol ]mL). The presence in the culture medium of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype (0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 µg[sol ]mL) and amphotericin B involved a decrease of the MIC 80% of amphotericin B. In contrast, the combination of amphotericin B and low concentrations (0.00031–0.0025 µg[sol ]mL) of essential oil was antagonistic. The strongest decrease (48%) of the MIC 80% was obtained with medium containing 0.2 µL[sol ]mL of essential oil. These results signify that the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype potentiates the antifungal action of amphotericin B suggesting a possible utilization of this essential oil in addition to antifungal drugs for the treatment of mycoses. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the liver of diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study
Authors: Bolkent S. , Yanardag R. , Ozsoy‐Sacan O. , Karabulut‐Bulan O. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractParsley is used by diabetics in Turkey to reduce blood glucose. The present study aims to investigate both the morphological and biochemical effects of parsley on liver tissue. Rat hepatocytes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Degenerative changes were observed in the hepatocytes of diabetic rats. These degenerative changes were significantly reduced or absent in the hepatocytes of diabetic rats treated with parsley. Blood glucose levels, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were observed to be raised in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats treated with parsley demonstrated significantly lower levels of blood glucose, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The present study suggests that parsley demonstrates a significant hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the rhizomes ofAstilbe chinensison UVB‐induced inflammatory response
Authors: Na MinKyun , Min Byung Sun , An Ren Bo , Jin WenYi , Kim Young Ho , Song Kyung Sik , Seong Yeon Hee , Bae KiHwan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe EtOH extract from the rhizomes ofAstilbe chinensis(Saxifragaceae) exhibited potent antioxidant act‐ivity in preliminary screening. Since oxidative stress is known to be involved in the inflammatory response after UVB exposure, the ability of anA. chinensisextract to inhibit UVB‐induced PGE2and NO production was examined. UVB irradiation (35 mJ[sol ]cm2) increased PGE2and NO production, which were significantly decreased by pre‐administration of the extract in a dose‐dependent manner. TheA. chinensisextract also preserved the cellular antioxidant capacity after UVB irradiation, which was determined by the GSH content. UVB irradiation enhanced the formation of ROS in the keratinocytes, which was determined using DCFH‐DA, a redox sensitive dye. The levels of intracellular ROS were also significantly reduced by pre‐treatment of the extract in a dose‐dependent manner measured 9 h after UVB irradiation. The results suggest that theA. chinensisextract may have a protective effect on the UVB‐injured keratinocytes by inhibiting PGE2and NO production, possibly through the inhibition of intracellular ROS accumulation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between aqueous Hypericum perforatum extracts and drugs: in vitro studies
Authors: Müller R. S. , Breitkreutz J. , Gröning R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPhysico‐chemical interactions between drugs and plant extracts can result in the formation of nanoparticles, microparticles and precipitates. The extraction method may have an influence on the components of the plant preparations and the interactions between drugs and plant extracts. In this study the particle formation in different drug‐containing preparations of Hypericum perforatum L. was compared. The formation of nanoparticles was investigated by PCS and scanning electron microscopy. Precipitates were separated from nanoparticles by centrifugation or filtration. The particle formation in drug‐containing infusions and recon‐stituted methanolic extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. was different. In reconstituted dry extracts 21.5% 17α‐ethinylestradiol and 36.6% levonorgestrel was bound to precipitates, in aqueous Hypericum infusions less than 4% of the hormones was bound. In infusions containing desipramine nanoparticles were formed while the formation of nanoparticles in desipramine‐containing reconstituted extracts was negligible. Up to 10% of desipramine was bound to precipitates in reconstituted extracts, but only 4% was associated with the pre‐cipitate of infusions. The interactions between extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. and drugs depended on the extraction method. Reconstituted methanolic extracts showed a more intensive binding with oral contraceptives than aqueous infusions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effects of compounds from Zingiberaceae species on platelet activating factor receptor binding
Authors: Jantan Ibrahim , Pisar Mazura , Sirat Hasnah Mohd , Basar Norazah , Jamil Shajarahtunnur , Ali Rasadah Mat , Jalil Juriyati 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTen compounds isolated from Alpinia mutica Roxb., Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and Kaempferia rotunda Linn. (Family: Zingiberaceae) were investigated for their platelet‐activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activities on rabbit platelets using 3H‐PAF as a ligand. Among them, four compounds showed significant inhibitory effects. Alpinetin and 5,6‐dehydrokawain isolated from A. mutica exhibited IC50 values of 41.6 and 59.3 µm, respectively. The IC50 values of 3‐deacetylcrotepoxide and 2‐hydroxy‐4,4′,6′‐trimethoxychalcone from K. rotunda were 45.6 and 57.4 µM, respectively. 1‐Methoxy‐2‐methyl‐5‐(1′,5′‐dimethylhex‐4′‐enyl)‐benzene, synthesized by methylation of xanthorrhizol which was obtained from C. xanthorrhiza, showed an IC50 value of 40.9 µm. The results indicated that these compounds were relatively strong PAF receptor binding inhibitors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic efficacy of pycnogenol in experimental inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Mochizuki Miyako , Hasegawa Noboru 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPycnogenol was administered for 10 days by gavage to Sprague‐Dawley rats fed an elemental diet, then inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was induced by intrarectal administration of ethanol 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Twelve hours after TNBS treatment, the rats were killed, the colon was assessed by a macroscopic damage score and mucosa homogenate was assayed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The supplementation of pycnogenol significantly inhibited the macroscopic damage score and MPO activity in a dose‐dependent manner. These results suggested that pycnogenol ameliorates TNBS‐induced inflammation by radical scavenging activity, and may have beneficial effects as a supplement in enteral nutrition for IBD. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pycnogenol stimulates lipolysis in 3t3‐L1 cells via stimulation of β‐receptor mediated activity
Authors: Mochizuki Miyako , Hasegawa Noboru 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe influence of pycnogenol on the glycerol released into the medium in fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells was studied.After incubation for 2 h, pycnogenol stimulated glycerol release in a dose‐dependent manner. Pretreatment with the β‐receptor antagonist, propranolol, significantly reduced pycnogenol‐induced lipolysis in a dose‐dependent manner. When fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells were incubated with pycnogenol, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate content significantly increased. These data suggested that pycnogenol has strong lipolytic effects via stimulation of β‐receptor mediated activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of Secamone afzelii Rhoem.
Authors: Mensah A. Y. , Houghton P. J. , Akyirem G. N. A. , Fleischer T. C. , Mensah M. L. K. , Sarpong K. , Adosraku R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe antioxidant activity of a methanol extract of Secamone afzelii stems was tested using the DPPH assay and the active compound was identified as α‐tocopherol. HPLC determination showed that 0.12% w[sol ]w α‐tocopherol was present in the plant. The total extract also showed effective free radical scavenging activity in the assay for non‐enzymatic lipid peroxidation in liposomes with an IC50 value of 90 µg[sol ]mL, with α‐tocopherol isolated from the plant having an IC50 of 15 µg[sol ]mL in the same system, thus demonstrating the presence of other antioxidants. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant activities of some common ingredients of traditional chinese medicine, Angelica sinensis, Lycium barbarum and Poria cocos
Authors: Wu Sue‐Jing , Ng Lean‐Teik , Lin Chun‐Ching 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe antioxidant activities of three popular ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, namely Angelica sinensis (AS), Lycium barbarum (LB) and Poria cocos (PC) were evaluated in this study. The results showed that aqueous extracts of these crude drugs exhibited antioxidant activities in a concentration‐dependent manner. All extracts displayed an inhibitory effect on FeCl2‐ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate in vitro, with the order of activity LB > AS > PC. The tested extracts showed a superoxide anion scavenging activity ranging from 28.8% to 82.2% and anti‐superoxide activity varying from 38.0% to 84.5%. Among the different extracts, LB extract exhibited the lowest IC50 values (0.77–2.55 µg[sol ]mL) in all model systems tested in this study. The present study concludes that LB extract possessed the strongest inhibition on malondialdehyde formation in rat liver homogenate, and superoxide anion scavenging and anti‐superoxide formation activities. These results also suggest that LB extract is a good source of antioxidant agent in the daily dietary supplement. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protection of urinary bladder function by grape suspension
Authors: Agartan Canan Aldirmaz , Whitbeck Catherine , Sokol Rebekah , Chichester Paul , Levin Robert M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUrinary bladder dysfunction secondary to BPH is a major affliction of aging men. A rabbit model of partial outlet obstruction was used to evaluate the ability of a standardized grape suspension to protect the bladder against obstructive bladder dysfunction.Twenty‐four New Zealand White rabbits were separated into four groups of six rabbits each. Groups 1 and 3 were pretreated by oral gavage for 3 weeks with a standardized grape suspension suspended in water; groups 2 and 4 were treated with vehicle. Groups 1 and 3 received sham operations after 3 weeks of treatment; groups 2 and 4 received partial outlet obstruction by surgically placing a silk ligature loosely around the urethra. At 3 weeks following surgery, in vivo and in vitro bladder functions were evaluated.Based on both in vivo and in vitro studies, the grape suspension significantly reduced the severity of obstructed bladder dysfunction. This is consistent with the hypothesis that ischemia is a major etiological factor in obstructive dysfunction, and treatment with antioxidants and membrane stabilization compounds such as those in the grape suspension can be effective in the treatment of obstructive bladder pathology. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of the electronic spectrum of binuclear gold(I) complexes
Authors: Mendizabal Fernando , Olea‐Azar Claudio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe electronic structure and the spectroscopic properties of [Au2(CS3)2]−2, [Au2(pym‐2‐S)2] (pym = pyrimidethiolate), [Au2(dpm)2]+2 (dpm = bis(diphosphino)methane) were studied using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level. The absorption spectrum of these binuclear gold(I) complexes was calculated by single excitation time‐dependent (TD) method. All complexes showed a 1(5dσ* → 6pσ) transition associated with a metal–metal charge transfer, which is strongly interrelated with the gold–gold distance. Furthermore, we have calculated the frequency of the gold–gold vibration (νAu2) on the above complexes. The values obtained are theoretically in agreement with experimental range. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005