bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valsalva retinopathy: diagnostic challenges in a patient with pars‐planitis
Authors: Androudi Sofia , Ahmed Muna , Brazitikos Periklis , Foster C Stephen 
Published: March 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe a case of Valsalva retinopathy in a patient with pars‐planitis and to discuss its management Methods:  We present a case of a 19‐year‐old male with a six‐month history of bilateral intermediate uveitis, referred for evaluation of recent‐onset spontaneous bilateral vitreous hemorrhages. Clinical evaluation and fluorescein angiography were negative for the presence of neovascularization. On closer questioning the patient revealed that he had his most recent symptoms after heavy weight lifting. Results:  The patient was instructed to avoid heavy weight lifting. Over the next two months, vitreal hemorrhages had resolved. However, despite the treatment with systemic prednisone, the patient's intermediate uveitis was still active, and cystoid macular edema had developed. Therefore, we proceeded to systemic immunomodulatory therapy, which controlled the inflammation and preserved vision in each eye. Conclusions:  Although a very rare cause, Valsalva maneuver should be included in the differential diagnosis of bilateral vitreous hemorrhages. Ophthalmologists should advise patients with known eye problems that can predispose to vitreal hemorrhages to refrain from it.
Soluble β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan from yeast inhibits experimental periodontal disease in Wistar rats
Authors: Breivik Torbjørn , Opstad Per Kristian , Engstad Rolf , Gundersen Glenn , Gjermo Per , Preus Hans 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjective: We have investigated whether a purified immunomodulatory water soluble β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan isolated from the cell wall of Bakers yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, would influence the progression of ligature‐induced periodontal disease, and to modulate accompanying cytokine and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responses to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.Material and Methods: β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan (10 mg/kg/day) was given in the drinking water to Wistar rats during the entire experiment, starting 14 days before disease induction, while control rats were given tap water only. Periodontal disease was assessed when the ligatures had been in place for 35 days.Results: Orally administered soluble β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan significantly reduced periodontal bone loss as measured on digital X‐rays (p=0,026). Glucan‐treated rats also showed a significantly enhanced plasma level of the HPA axis‐driven hormone corticosterone (p=0.047), and of the cytokine transforming growth factor‐1β (p=0.032), as well as a tendency to enhanced IL‐10 (p=0.106), induced by intra‐peritoneally administered LPS.Conclusion: Soluble β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan administered by the oral route diminishes ligature‐induced periodontal bone loss in this model. This effect may be attributable to the well documented ability of β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan to stimulate macrophage phagocytosis and to skew the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance towards Th1 and T regulatory responses. The HPA axis may play a significant role in β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan induced immune modulation.
In vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of an essential oil‐containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single use and 14 days' use
Authors: Fine D. H. , Furgang D. , Sinatra K. , Charles C. , McGuire A. , Kumar L. D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectives: Two studies were conducted to determine the antimicrobial effect of rinsing with an essential oil‐containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single rinse and 12 h after 2 weeks of twice daily rinsing, during the daytime and overnight.Materials and Methods: These studies utilized a randomized, double‐blind, controlled crossover design. Following baseline sampling of bacteria from supragingival plaque and the dorsum of the tongue, subjects began twice‐daily rinsing with either an essential oil mouth rinse containing 0.09% zinc chloride (Tartar Control Listerine® Antiseptic) or a negative control rinse. Bacterial sampling was repeated 12 h after the first rinse, and again 12 h after the final rinse 14 days later. The sampling schedule was adjusted according to whether the study was investigating daytime or overnight activity. Samples were plated on Schaedlers medium (total anaerobes), Schaedlers Nalidixic/Vancomycin medium (Gram‐negative anaerobes), and OOPS medium (volatile sulphur compound (VSC)‐producing organisms). Inter‐group log10 transformed colony‐forming units /ml counts from samples of supragingival plaque and tongue swabs on each of the three media were compared by analysis of covariance.Results: The mean bacterial counts in subjects using the essential oil mouth rinse were significantly lower (p0.005) than mean counts in subjects using the control rinse in all the comparisons, i.e., tongue and supragingival plaque samples on each of three media at two sampling periods in the daytime and overnight study, respectively. Mean bacterial count percent reductions for plaque samples ranged from 56.3 to 95.3; percent reductions for tongue samples ranged from 61.1 to 96.1. There was a trend to higher reductions after 14 days' rinsing than after the initial rinse.Conclusion: Rinsing with the essential oil mouth rinse can have long‐lasting effects in reducing anaerobic bacteria overall as well as Gram‐negative anaerobes and VSC‐producing bacteria. The significant reductions in numbers of these bacteria produced by the essential oil mouth rinse, both in plaque and on the dorsum of the tongue, can play a key role in explaining the essential oil mouth rinse's effectiveness in reducing supragingival plaque and gingivitis as well as its effectiveness in controlling intrinsic oral malodor over prolonged periods.
The potential role of interleukin‐17 in the immunopathology of periodontal disease
Authors: Takahashi Keiso , Azuma Takashi , Motohira Hitoshi , Kinane D. F. , Kitetsu Shin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground: Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is exclusively produced by activated T cells, and this cytokine can induce inflammatory responses, support immune responses (Th1), and stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption in combination with receptor activator of NF‐κB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL). These biological functions are relevant to the aetiopathogenesis of periodontitis, and thus we sought to investigate whether IL‐17 is produced in periodontal lesions and to assess the relationship of gene expression between IL‐17 and other cytokines, and to determine the effect of IL‐17 on IL‐6 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).Materials and Methods: IL‐17 was detected and measured in periodontal tissues obtained as biopsy samples during periodontal surgery and in the cell‐free culture supernatants cultured ex vivo, by using Western immunoblotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. IL‐17 and other cytokine gene expression were investigated by the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. The contribution of IL‐17 to IL‐6 production by HGF was studied.Results: IL‐17 protein was moderately detected in periodontal tissues. In contrast, IL‐17 mRNA was expressed only in nine of 23 periodontitis tissue samples by RT‐PCR. The IL‐17 mRNA‐positive samples simultaneously expressed mRNAs encoding interferon (IFN)‐γ, IL‐2, RANK, and RANKL, but not IL‐4. IL‐10 (Th2 cytokine) was detected more frequently in the samples than IFN‐γ and IL‐2 (Th1 cytokine). Recombinant human IL‐17 induced IL‐6 production from HGF in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion.Conclusions: These results indicate that IL‐17 is produced in periodontal lesions, which may be involved in Th1 modulation and enhance inflammatory reactions via gingival fibroblast‐derived mediators in periodontal disease. Thus, IL‐17, together with other cytokines, has a potential role in the aetiopathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Effect of air‐polishing devices on the gingiva: histologic study in the Canine
Authors: Kozlovsky Avital , Artzi Zvi , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Hirshberg Abraham 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the immediate effect of two types of air‐polishing devices (APDs) on the gingiva.Material and Methods: The buccal gingiva in four mongrel dogs was exposed to 5, 10 and 20 s of instrumentation, applying a hand‐piece type of APD (HP‐APD) PROPHYflex® and a stand‐alone type of APD (SA‐APD) Jetpolisher™ in a split‐mouth design. Immediately after treatment, the exposed gingiva was excised by sharp dissection and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. For each specimen, 15 sections, 20 μm apart, corresponding to the central part of the treated and control untreated gingiva were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Stained sections were examined histomorphometrically for keratin width and epithelial cell layer (ECL) (prickle and basal cell layers) width. Extent of erosion was expressed as loss of keratin and ECL compared with control.Results: Microscopic examination presented changes in keratin and ECL, including keratin detachment and disruption of the normal ECL architecture. The erosive changes in the gingiva caused by both APD, positively correlated with instrumentation time (p<0.001) and type of instrument (p=0.008). Keratin loss was significantly higher for SA APD than for the HP APD in each time interval (p=0.019). Following exposure for 5 s, both APD caused a 25% loss of the ECL. Exposure for 10 and 20 s revealed a significantly greater ECL loss caused by the SA‐APD than the HP‐APD (p=0.018). Exposure for 20 s was the only time interval that presented the area of total epithelium erosion with SA‐APD causing significantly more (p=0.002) areas of total epithelial erosion than the HP‐APD.Conclusion: Gingiva exposure to air‐polishing slurry delivered by APD caused localized trauma because of epithelial erosive changes with severity, positively correlated with instrumentation time and design principles of the applied APD. The clinician should be aware of the potential insult of the gingiva when applying the APD and careful precautions should be taken.
Efficacy of the Cybersonic in comparison with the Braun 3D Excel and a manual toothbrush
Authors: Zimmer Stefan , Strauss Juliane , Bizhang Mozhgan , Krage Tracy , Raab W. H.‐M. , Barthel Claudia 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the efficacy of two power toothbrushes (Cybersonic and Braun 3D Excel) and one manual brush (Elmex super 29).Material and Methods: After professional toothcleaning 120 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups. Four weeks later, at baseline, the Quigley–Hein plaque index (QHI), the modified approximal plaque index (API), and the papillary bleeding index (PBI) were recorded. Thereafter the subjects used the assigned toothbrushes for 8 weeks. Improvements of the indices after 4 and 8 weeks were calculated as medians. Kruskal–Wallis‐ and Mann–Whitney U‐test served for statistical analysis.Results: All indices showed statistically significant reductions for both power toothbrushes which were superior to the manual brush (4 weeks: Cybersonic: API, 0.21; PBI, 0.25; QHI, 0.23; Braun: API, 0.20; PBI, 0.39; QHI, 0.22; Elmex: API, 0.04; PBI, 0.02; QHI, 0.07; 8 weeks: Cybersonic: API, 0.28; PBI, 0.36; QHI, 0.41; Braun: API, 0.36; PBI, 0.61; QHI, 0.35; Elmex: API, 0.03; PBI, 0.10; QHI, 0.08; p<0.001). The Braun was superior to the Cybersonic with respect to API after 8 weeks (p<0.05) and PBI after 4 and 8 weeks (p<0.01).Conclusion: Cybersonic and Braun 3D Excel may be more efficacious than a manual toothbrush in removing plaque and reducing gingivitis.
Levels of interleukin‐17 in gingival crevicular fluid and in supernatants of cellular cultures of gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Vernal Rolando , Dutzan Nicolás , Chaparro Alejandra , Puente Javier , Antonieta Valenzuela María , Gamonal Jorge 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground and Aims: Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is a T‐cell‐derived cytokine that may play an important role in the initiation or maintenance of the pro‐inflammatory response and has recently been found to stimulate osteoclastic resorption. The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of IL‐17 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples and in the culture supernatants of gingival cells from patients with chronic periodontitis.Method: GCF samples were collected during 30 s from two sites in 16 patients from periodontally affected sites (probing depth 5 mm, attachment loss 3 mm). The comparison with healthy controls was carried out by collecting GCF samples from eight healthy volunteers. GCF was collected using a paper strip and ELISA was performed to determine the total amount of IL‐17. Supernatant cellular cultures of gingival cells were obtained from periodontal biopsies taken from 12 periodontitis patients and from eight healthy control subjects during the surgical removal of wisdom teeth. Spontaneous and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated levels of IL‐17 were determined by ELISA.Results: The total amount of cytokine IL‐17 was significantly higher in the periodontitis group than the control group (45.9 versus 35.6 pg, p=0.005). Significantly higher GCF volume and amount of total proteins were obtained from periodontitis patients as compared with control subjects (0.98 versus 0.36 μl, p=0.0005; 0.12 versus 0.05 μg, p=0.0005, respectively). A higher concentration of IL‐17 was detected in culture supernatants from periodontitis patients compared with healthy subjects, either without stimulation (36.28±8.39 versus 28.81±1.50 μg/ml, p=0.011) or with PHA stimulation (52.12±14.56 versus 39.00±4.90 μg/ml, p=0.012). Treatment with PHA induced a significant increase in the production of IL‐17 in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients (p=0.001 and 0.003).Conclusions: The total amount of cytokine IL‐17 in GCF samples and in the culture supernatants of gingival cells are significantly increased in periodontal disease.
Periodontal dressing (Vocopac®) influences outcomes in a two‐step treatment procedure
Authors: Sigusch B. W. , Pfitzner A. , Nietzsch T. , Glockmann E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectives: It is not clear if periodontal dressing influences the long‐term results in a non‐surgical treatment procedure.Material and Methods: The periodontal parameters (pre‐baseline) of 36 patients with aggressive periodontitis were obtained before the patients were treated initially (1st step) by a dental hygienist, who completely removed the supra‐ and subgingival concrements. Baseline parameters were raised 3 weeks after the 1st step, before the 2nd therapy step was conducted. It consisted of a non‐surgical procedure, which comprised a closed full‐mouth manual root curettage (root planing), immediate systemic application of metronidazole, and the placement of a periodontal dressing (Vocopac®, Voco). The patients were randomized to two test groups having their periodontal packs removed after 3–4 days (group 1, n=12) and 7–8 days (group 2, n=12), respectively and a control group (n=12) without periodontal dressing. Clinical parameters were raised again after 6 and 24 months.Results: Six and 24 months later, changes in probing pocket depth (PPD) and probing attachment level (PAL) were observed in all three groups compared with baseline, but the difference was significant in group 2 only. In addition, group 2 showed a greater reduction in mean PPD and also a significantly greater gain of attachment in comparison with the controls.Conclusion: Wound dressing has a positive effect on clinical long‐term results using a two‐step non‐surgical procedure. Moreover, removing the dressing after 7–8 days leads to clearly better results than removing it earlier.
Areca nut extracts modulated expression of alkaline phosphatase and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in osteoblasts
Authors: Ling Li‐Jane , Ho Feng‐Chuang , Chen Yen‐Ting , Holborow Douglas W. , Liu Tsung‐Yun , Hung Shan‐Ling 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectives: Areca chewers have a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases than non‐chewers. This study was to determine the possible effects of ripe areca nut extracts (rANE) on viability and gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human osteoblasts.Methods: The effects of rANE on cell viability of osteoblast‐like MG63 cells were determined using 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) that measures metabolic activity. Gene expression of ALP, RANKL and OPG was examined using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. ALP activity and RANKL protein were further examined using substrate assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively.Results: Relative viability was reduced to approximately 50% when 25 μg/ml of rANE was used. The expression of OPG mRNA in MG63 cells was not altered by rANE. However, decreased levels of mRNA and enzyme activity of ALP were observed. Moreover, the expressions of mRNA and protein of RANKL were stimulated by rANE in a dose‐dependent manner.Conclusions: The rANE affected morphology and viability of osteoblasts. We also present novel evidence demonstrating that areca nut may compromise the periodontal health of areca chewers by suppression of ALP gene expression and elevation of RANKL gene expression in osteoblasts.
Periodontal infection as a possible severity factor for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana , Leão Anna , Novaes Arthur B. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjective: Clinical effects of periodontal treatment on biochemical and clinical markers of disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with periodontal disease were evaluated.Methods: Forty‐two patients were assigned to two groups, G1 (n=16) and G2 (n=26). G1 patients were submitted to oral hygiene instruction and professional tooth cleaning and G2 patients additionally had full‐mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). Clinical periodontal measurements were obtained at baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment. A Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to evaluate their performance on daily living. Rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and drug therapy were assessed.Results: Both groups presented a full‐mouth improvement in all periodontal clinical parameters (p<0.05), with the exception of clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) >6 mm for G1. G2 showed greater mean reductions on PPD >4 mm than G1 (p<0.001). HAQ analyses showed a reduction on the degree of disability of G2, but not statistically significant. ESR was significantly reduced for G2 after SRP although RF did not show statistical reductions.Conclusion: The data suggest that periodontal treatment with SRP might have an effect on the ESR reduction.
Plasminogen activator system in smokers and non‐smokers with and without periodontal disease
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Buduneli Eralp , Kardeşler Levent , Lappin David , Kinane Denis F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground: The present study assessed levels of plasminogen activator (PA) system proteins in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of chronic gingivitis, chronic periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy subjects and evaluated how smoking influenced these levels.Methods: Twenty chronic gingivitis; 20 chronic periodontitis patients and 20 periodontally healthy volunteers were consecutively recruited according to the inclusion criteria so that exactly half of the subjects in each category were smokers. GCF samples from four sites together with serum samples were obtained from each subject. GCF levels of tissue type PA (t‐PA), urokinase type PA (u‐PA), PA inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and PA inhibitor‐2 (PAI‐2) and serum concentrations of cotinine, u‐PA and PAI‐1 were analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The only statistically significant difference between smokers and non‐smokers was a lower GCF PAI‐2 concentrations in healthy smokers compared with healthy non‐smokers (p<0.01). Gingivitis and periodontitis patients had higher GCF concentrations of PAI‐2 than healthy subjects (p<0.002 and p<0.02 respectively). The ratio of u‐PA:PAI‐1 and t‐PA:PAI‐1 were significantly higher in GCF of smokers with periodontitis compared with “healthy” smokers, whereas the ratio of t‐PA:PAI‐2 was significantly lower in smokers with periodontal disease (p<0.05).Conclusions: GCF levels of the PA system proteins are increased in chronic gingivitis and periodontitis compared with healthy gingiva. Smoking had only subtle effects on the GCF PA system proteins with the exception of PAI‐2, and the balance of activators and inhibitors. These findings suggest one mechanism whereby smoking may exert detrimental effects on the periodontal tissues.
Scaling and root planing, systemic metronidazole and professional plaque removal in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population II – microbiological results
Authors: Carvalho L. H. , D'Avila G. B. , Leão A. , Gonçalves C. , Haffajee A. D. , Socransky S. S. , Feres M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjective: The current investigation evaluated changes in levels and proportions of 39 bacterial species in subgingival plaque samples after scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or in combination with systemic metronidazole and/or professional cleaning in subjects with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Forty‐four adult subjects (mean age 45±6 years) with periodontitis were randomly assigned in four treatment groups, a control (C, n=10) that received SRP and placebo and three test groups treated as follows: T1 (n=12): SRP and metronidazole (M, 400 mg tid) for 10 days; T2 (n=12): SRP, weekly professional supragingival plaque removal for 3 months (PC) and placebo; and T3 (n=10): SRP, M and PC. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from seven sites per subject at baseline and 90 days post‐therapy. Counts of 39 subgingival species were determined using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Significance of differences over time was determined using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and among groups using ancova.Results: The mean counts of the majority of the species were reduced post‐therapy in the 4 treatment groups. Counts (× 105±SEM) of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola were significantly reduced in groups T2 and T3. Levels of beneficial species, such as some Actinomyces species, Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus gordonii were minimally affected in levels when the combined therapy was applied (T3). Mean proportions of red complex species decreased from 18.4% at baseline to 3% at 90 days post‐therapy in group T3 (p<0.01), from 25.8% to 2.3% in group T2 (p<0.01), from 17.7% to 5.6% in group T1 (p<0.05) and from 19.4% to 8.8% in group C (NS). Proportions of the suspected periodontal pathogens from the orange complex were also markedly reduced in groups T2 and T3.Conclusions: All treatments reduced counts and proportions of red complex species. Adjunctive therapy appeared to have a greater effect and also affected members of the orange complex.