bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temozolomide in Patients with Advanced Cancer: Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Rudek Michelle A. , Donehower Ross C. , Statkevich Paul , Batra Vijay K. , Cutler David L. , Baker Sharyn D. 
Published: June 2004

Study Objective. To determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose‐limiting toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and potential antitumor activity of temozolomide administered as a single dose every 28 days.Design. Open label, phase I, dose‐escalation trial.Setting. University‐affiliated cancer center.Patients. Eleven patients aged 33–73 years with a documented solid tumor or lymphoma who failed therapy of proven efficacy for their disease or had a disease for which no conventional therapy was available.Intervention. Temozolomide 500 mg/m2 was administered as a single oral dose every 28 days. Doses were escalated to 750 or 1000 mg/m2. No intrapatient dose escalation was allowed. At least two patients were enrolled at each dose level. Patients who did not have progressive disease and did not experience a dose‐limiting toxicity, or experienced a dose‐limiting toxicity but were eligible for dose reduction, were eligible to continue on the study.Measurements and Main Results: Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for temozolomide and its active metabolite, 5‐(3‐methyltriazeno)‐imidazole‐4‐carboxamide (MTIC). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were dose limiting at 1000 mg/m2. Temozolomide was absorbed rapidly (mean time to maximum concentration 1.4 hrs) and eliminated, with average half‐life and apparent oral systemic clearance values of 1.8 hours and 97 ml/minute/m2, respectively. Mean systemic exposure to MTIC was 3.7% of temozolomide. No objective responses were observed. The maximum tolerated dose of temozolomide was 750 mg/m2.Conclusion. Temozolomide 750 mg/m2 administered orally every 28 days was well tolerated. Alternate temozolomide dosing schedules such as continuous daily administration may enhance antitumor activity through sustained depletion of the DNA repair protein O6‐alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase.
Effect of Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray on Bioavailability of Intranasal Hydromorphone Hydrochloride in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Davis George A. , Rudy Anita C. , Archer Sanford M. , Wermeling Daniel P. , McNamara Patrick J. 
Published: June 2004

Study Objective. To investigate the effect of the nasal corticosteroid fluticasone propionate on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of single‐dose intranasal hydromorphone hydrochloride in patients with allergic rhinitis.Design. Randomized, three‐way, crossover pharmacokinetic study.Setting. University clinical research unit.Patients. Twelve patients with allergic rhinitis.Intervention. Hydromorphone hydrochloride 2.0 mg was administered by intravenous infusion (treatment A), intranasal spray without allergic rhinitis treatment (treatment B), and intranasal spray after 6 days of fluticasone propionate (treatment C). Blood samples were collected serially from 0–16 hours.Measurements and Main Results. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental methods. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used for statistical analysis. Mean (% coefficient of variation) absolute bioavailability of intranasal hydromorphone was 51.9% (28.2) and 46.9% (30.3) in patients with allergic rhinitis with and without treatment with fluticasone propionate, respectively. Mean maximum concentration (Cmax) values were 3.02 and 3.56 ng/ml, respectively. No statistical differences in Cmax and area under the concentration versus time curve were detected between intranasal treatments. Bioavailability values for both intranasal treatments were lower than those in healthy volunteers (57%). Median time to Cmax (Tmax) values were significantly different (p=0.02) for treatments B and C (15 and 30 min, respectively) using rank‐transformed Tmax for ANOVA. Adverse effects were consistent with known effects of hydromorphone administered by other routes, with the exception of bad taste after intranasal administration.Conclusion. Hydromorphone was rapidly absorbed after nasal administration, with maximum concentrations occurring for most subjects within 30 minutes. Allergic rhinitis may affect pain management strategies for intranasal hydromorphone, with a delay in onset of action for patients treated with fluticasone propionate.
Acute and Continuation Treatment Adequacy with Venlafaxine Extended Release Compared with Fluoxetine
Authors: Yu‐Isenberg Kristina S. , Fontes Christina L. , Wan George J. , Geissler Erika C. , Harada Ann S. M. 
Published: June 2004

Study Objective. To compare treatment adequacy in the management of depression during the acute and continuation phases between patients newly treated with venlafaxine extended release (XR) and those newly treated with fluoxetine.Design. Retrospective observational analysis of pharmacy claims data.Setting. Large California‐based managed care organization.Patients. A total of 11,298 patients newly prescribed venlafaxine XR or fluoxetine between January 1, 2000, and February 28, 2001, and continuously enrolled throughout the study, as well as a subset of 7430 patients who continued taking venlafaxine XR or fluoxetine during the follow‐up period.Measurements and Main Results. The Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set definition was used for continuous antidepressant treatment during the acute and continuation phases. Treatment adequacy was determined for those deemed continuous. Patients receiving within ±10% of the target dose for each drug (venlafaxine XR 75–150 mg, fluoxetine 20 mg) were defined as receiving an adequate dose. Logistic regression was used to evaluate venlafaxine XR versus fluoxetine on treatment adequacy, controlling for age, sex, physician specialty, and pharmacy benefit. The unadjusted adequacy rate for the venlafaxine XR‐only group was 79% versus 57% for the fluoxetine‐only group for 84 continuous days (p<0.0001) and 77% versus 52%, respectively, for 180 continuous days (p<0.0001). The adjusted odds ratios of achieving treatment adequacy with venlafaxine XR only versus that with fluoxetine only were 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.65–3.52) for 84 continuous days and 3.57 (95% CI 3.00–4.24) for 180 continuous days.Conclusion. Patients newly prescribed venlafaxine XR were at least 3 times more likely to achieve treatment adequacy for 84 and 180 days compared with those newly prescribed fluoxetine. Treatment adequacy as a proxy for optimal treatment may be an important factor to consider when selecting an antidepressant drug.
Nonhormonal Alternatives for the Treatment of Hot Flashes
Authors: Sicat Brigitte L. , Brokaw Deborah K. 
Published: June 2004

Objective. To review the literature on clonidine, venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and gabapentin for the treatment of hot flashes.Data Sources. A MEDLINE search (January 1966‐July 2003) was conducted to identify English‐language literature available on the treatment of hot flashes that focused on clonidine, venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and gabapentin. These articles, relevant abstracts, and additional references listed in articles were used to collect pertinent data.Study Selection. All controlled and uncontrolled trials were reviewed.Data Synthesis. In women unable or unwilling to take hormonal therapies, several nonhormonal alternatives have been evaluated in small controlled and uncontrolled trials. Oral and transdermal formulations of clonidine are moderately effective in reducing hot flashes. Results of studies evaluating venlafaxine, paroxetine, and gabapentin suggest greater reductions in hot‐flash frequency and severity compared with those of clonidine. Fluoxetine appears to display a modest benefit compared with paroxetine, although no comparative trials have been conducted. Most women studied in these trials had a history of breast cancer, and many were taking concurrent tamoxifen. All of these agents were fairly well tolerated.Conclusions. Clonidine, venlafaxine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and gabapentin are nonhormonal agents that have demonstrated efficacy in small controlled and uncontrolled trials in reducing hot flashes and should be considered in patients unwilling or unable to take hormonal therapies.
Pharmacodynamics of Meropenem and Imipenem Against Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kuti Joseph L. , Florea Naomi R. , Nightingale Charles H. , Nicolau David P. 
Published: June 2004

Study Objective. To compare the pharmacodynamics of meropenem and imipenem, both administered as 500 mg every 6 hours, against populations of Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Design. Ten thousand–subject Monte Carlo simulation.Intervention. Variability in total body clearance (ClT), volume of distribution as calculated by the terminal elimination rate (Vdβ), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa) were derived from the literature for both meropenem and imipenem. For the free drug concentrations, the percentage of the dosing interval that the drug concentrations remain above the MIC (%T>MIC) for each carbapenem‐bacteria combination was calculated for 10,000 iterations, substituting a different ClT, Vdβ, fraction of unbound drug, and MIC into the equation each time based on the probability distribution for each parameter. Probabilities of attaining targets of 30%, 50%, and 100% T>MIC were calculated.Measurements and Main Results. Meropenem free drug %T>MIC exposure was significantly greater than that of imipenem against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa, whereas imipenem exposure was greater for A. baumannii. For both agents, free drug %T>MIC exposure was greatest against Enterobacteriaceae and less for A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Probabilities of target attainment for 30% and 50% T>MIC were similar between drugs for most bacteria. At 100% T>MIC, meropenem target attainments were greater than those of imipenem against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa, and imipenem attainment was higher for A. baumannii.Conclusion. The probability of attaining lower pharmacodynamic targets for most gram‐negative bacteria is similar for these carbapenems; however, differences become apparent as the pharmacodynamic requirement increases. Further study of the benefits of achieving this pharmacodynamic breakpoint with a higher probability of attaining targets is necessary.
An improved study of real‐time fluid simulation on GPU
Authors: Wu Enhua , Liu Youquan , Liu Xuehui 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTaking advantage of the parallelism and programmability of GPU, we solve the fluid dynamics problem completely on GPU. Different from previous methods, the whole computation is accelerated in our method by packing the scalar and vector variables into four channels of texels. In order to be adaptive to the arbitrary boundary conditions, we group the grid nodes into different types according to their positions relative to obstacles and search the node that determines the value of the current node. Then we compute the texture coordinates offsets according to the type of the boundary condition of each node to determine the corresponding variables and achieve the interaction of flows with obstacles set freely by users. The test results prove the efficiency of our method and exhibit the potential of GPU for general‐purpose computations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlling fluid animation with geometric potential
Authors: Hong Jeong‐mo , Kim Chang‐hun 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe propose a new fluid control technique that uses a geometrically induced potential field. Instead of optimizing the control forces exerted at each frame, as was done in previous work, a potential is added as an extra dimension to the simulation space which coerces the fluid inside this space to form the target shape. This type of shape control requires practically no additional computing by the Navier‐Stokes solver at run‐time, and adds little overhead to implementation. The confinement potentials are induced from geometric information given by animators, and so the control forces that take fluids to a lower potential can be decided in a preprocessing step. We show that a slightly generalized Navier‐Stokes equation for fluids in potential fields can be simulated without changing the solver itself. A harmonic potential function can be quickly found with the Poisson solver which is already implemented as a part of the Navier‐Stokes solver. 2 and 3 dimensional flows designed by common methods such as hand drawing, traditional shape modeling and key‐framing, can be animated efficiently with our control technique. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of fluids with deformable solids
Authors: Müller Matthias , Schirm Simon , Teschner Matthias , Heidelberger Bruno , Gross Markus 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we present a method for simulating the interaction of fluids with deformable solids. The method is designed for the use in interactive systems such as virtual surgery simulators where the real‐time interplay of liquids and surrounding tissue is important. In computer graphics, a variety of techniques have been proposed to model liquids and deformable objects at interactive rates. As important as the plausible animation of these substances is the fast and stable modeling of their interaction. The method we describe in this paper models the exchange of momentum between Lagrangian particle‐based fluid models and solids represented by polygonal meshes. To model the solid‐fluid interaction we use virtual boundary particles. They are placed on the surface of the solid objects according to Gaussian quadrature rules allowing the computation of smooth interaction potentials that yield stable simulations. We demonstrate our approach in an interactive simulation environment for fluids and deformable solids. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inviscid and incompressible fluid simulation on triangle meshes
Authors: Shi Lin , Yu Yizhou 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSimulating fluid motion on manifold surfaces is an interesting but rarely explored area because of the difficulty of establishing plausible physical models. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for inviscid fluid simulation over meshes. It can enforce incompressibility on closed surfaces by utilizing a discrete vector field decomposition algorithm. It also includes effective implementations of semi‐Lagrangian tracing and velocity interpolation schemes. Different from previous work, our method performs simulations directly on triangle meshes and thus eliminates parametrization distortions. Our implementation can produce convincing fluid motion on surfaces and has interactive performance for meshes with tens of thousands of faces. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and rendering viscous liquids
Authors: Steele Kevin , Cline David , Egbert Parris K. , Dinerstein Jonathan 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a particle‐based algorithm for modeling highly viscous liquids. Using a numerical time‐integration of particle acceleration and velocity, we apply external forces to particles and use a convenient organization, the adhesion matrix, to represent forces between different types of liquids and objects. Viscosity is handled by performing a momentum exchange between particle pairs such that momentum is conserved. Volume is maintained by iteratively adjusting particle positions after each time step. We use a two‐tiered approach to time stepping that allows particle positions to be updated many times per frame while expensive operations, such as calculating viscosity and adhesion, are done only a few times per frame. The liquid is rendered using an implicit surface polygonization algorithm, and we present an implicit function that convolves the liquid surface with a Gaussian function, yielding a smooth liquid skin. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HapticFlow: PDE‐based mesh editing with haptics
Authors: Duan Ye , Hua Jing , Qin Hong 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper presents HapticFlow, a haptics‐based direct mesh editing system founded upon the concept of PDE‐based geometric surface flow. The proposed flow‐based approach for direct geometric manipulation offers a unified design paradigm that can seamlessly integrate implicit, distance‐field based shape modeling with dynamic, physics‐based shape design. HapticFlow provides an intuitive haptic interface and allows users to directly manipulate 3D polygonal objects with ease. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our new approach, we developed a variety of haptics‐based mesh editing operations such as embossing, engraving, sketching as well as force‐based shape manipulation operations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust morphing of point‐sampled geometry
Authors: Xiao Chunxia , Zheng Wenting , Peng Qunsheng , Forrest A. R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe propose a novel morphing algorithm for objects represented by point‐sampled geometry. The fundamental problem of point‐sampled geometry morphing is how to set the correspondence between points of the two objects which are usually of different size. The two objects are first parameterized by projecting the sample points onto a common parametric domain. As both objects are densely sampled, we present a novel accelerated parameterization algorithm employing the technique of LOD. The common parameter domain is then split recursively into clusters. The correspondence between sample points of the two objects is established by performing a local mapping in each cluster. As for complex geometries, the establishment of correspondence is facilitated by decomposing the geometry into patches using geodesic decomposition curves.To preserve the features during morphing, a process of features assignment is incorporated. By re‐sampling the in‐between object dynamically and adaptively, the cracks that would occasionally occur during morphing are successfully eliminated. Experiment results show that our algorithms are fast, stable and easy to implement. High‐quality morphing is produced. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesh‐free deformations
Authors: Chang Jian , Zhang Jian J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractExisting physically based deformation techniques, such as the finite element method (FEM) and the mass‐spring systems (MSS), require the deformed object to be properly meshed. This is arguably the most expensive manual intervention process. In this paper, we propose a mesh‐free deformation technique where only unconnected points are involved. The idea is to develop an approximate analytical solution using the Kelvin solution. Due to the fact that no mesh is involved, deforming a complex shape is as straightforward as deforming a simple one. Furthermore, the trade‐off between efficiency and accuracy is easy to achieve by redistributing the points concerned. Experiments show that this method is fast and offers similar accuracy to the FEM. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid condensed finite element model with GPU acceleration for interactive 3D soft tissue cutting
Authors: Wu Wen , Heng Pheng Ann 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTo meet the requirement of computer‐aided medical operations, apart from the real‐time deformation, it is also necessary in the design to simulate the tissue cutting and suturing in a surgery simulation. In this paper, we present a model on topology change and deformation of soft tissue, referred to as the hybrid condensed finite element model, based on the volumetric finite element method. The most important advantage of our model is its ability to achieve an interactive frame rate for the topology change in surgical simulation on standard PC platform. This is achieved through two innovations. One is to apply the condensation technique, by fully calculating the volumetric deformation in the operation part while only calculating the surface nodes in the non‐operation part. Secondly, the major calculation work in the Conjugate Gradient solver for cutting and deformation is migrated from the CPU to the contemporary GPU to promote the calculation. Test examples have been given to show the feasibility and efficiency of the model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometry‐driven physical interaction between avatars and virtual environments
Authors: Schmidl Harald , Lin Ming C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present an interactive technique on virtual contact handling for avatars in virtual environments using geometry‐driven physics. If a contact has occurred between an articulated avatar and a virtual environment, the global penetration depth and contact points are estimated based on a fast local penetration depth computation for decomposed convex pieces. The penetration depth and contact information are then used to resolve overlap between the avatar and the virtual environment. If applicable, joint angles for an articulated body are computed using an inverse kinematics approach based on cyclic coordinate descent. Resulting dynamic response with friction is modeled with impulse‐based dynamics under the Coulomb friction law. We demonstrate the algorithm on a modestly complex virtual environment. The resulting system is able to maintain an interactive frame rate of 30–60 Hz. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physically‐based simulation of plant leaf growth
Authors: Wang Iris R. , Wan Justin W. L. , Baranoski Gladimir V. G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA mathematical model is presented to simulate the growth of a plant leaf. The tissue in the leaf has been regarded as a viscous, incompressible fluid whose 2D expansion comes from the non‐zero specific growth rate in area. The resulting system of equations are composed of the modified Navier‐Stokes equations. The level set method is used to capture the expanding leaf front. Numerical simulations indicate that different portions of the leaf expand at different rates, which is consistent with the biological observations in the growth of a plant leaf. Numerical results for the case of the Xanthium leaf growth are also presented. A standard ray tracing technique is applied to produce an animation simulating the leaf growth process of three days. The key results with their physical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Example‐based motion cloning
Authors: Park Min Je , Shin Sung Yong 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we pose a motion cloning problem of retargeting the motion of a source character to a target character with a different structure. Based on scattered data interpolation, an example‐based approach to motion cloning is proposed. Provided with a set of example motions, our method automatically extracts a small number of representative postures called source key‐postures. The animator then creates the corresponding key‐postures of the target character, breathing his/her imagination and creativity into the output animation. Exploiting this correspondence, each input posture is cloned frame by frame to the target character to produce an initial animation, which is further adjusted in space and time for retargeting and timewarping and then finalized with some interactive fine tuning. With rich animation data available, our motion cloning method aims at rapid prototyping of an animation to verify an animator's concept at an early stage. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.