bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine–ovarian biochemical and developmental interactions to the postimplantation treatment with a butadiene metabolite, diepoxybutane, in pregnant rats
Authors: Chi Limen , Nixon Everett , Spencer Fitzgerald 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn industrial chemical used in synthetic rubber production, 1,3‐butadiene, is toxic to reproduction in rats and mice. Bioactivation of butadiene to reactive intermediates, i.e. diepoxybutane and other metabolites, is responsible for this toxicity. The present study examines the biochemical and developmental mechanisms of diepoxybutane at the feto‐maternal placental axis during gestation. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered four daily intraperitoneal doses of diepoxybutane in groups (0.25, 0.30, 0.35, or 0.40 mmol in sesame oil per kg body weight, n = 6/group) during postimplantation (gestation days 5–8) and euthanized on gestation day 9 or 12 for retrieval of uterine and ovarian tissues, and serum for assays. The results demonstrate that this timely diepoxybutane treatment significantly decreased placental levels of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide mRNA expression that was measured by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity that was determined by gelatin zymography, and serum progesterone levels on gestation days 9 and 12. From a developmental standpoint, fetal growth and viability were reduced in correlation with treatment‐related effects of diepoxybutane on implantation losses and fetal resorptions on gestation day 9. Additionally, fetal mortality was maximally increased due to significantly pronounced, dose‐independent effects on these parameters on gestation day 12. This trend towards more severe embryolethal treatment effects from gestation day 9 to 12 suggests that fetal metabolism in the gravid uteri of rats may be more sensitive to diepoxybutane exposure as pregnancy progresses. The inhibitory actions of diepoxybutane on placental pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide expression and matrix metalloproteinase activity may contribute towards altering placental molecular support for fetal development and viability. Moreover, the reproductive toxicity of diepoxybutane in rats appears to be linked to progesterone action. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:147–153, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10021
Cell‐based studies reveal differences in glutathione S‐transferase induction between oltipraz and tert‐butylhydroquinone
Authors: Lamb John G. , Franklin Michael R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSelective induction of Phase II over Phase I drug‐metabolizing enzymes has been proposed as a mechanism for reduction of chemical carcinogenesis. Enzymes likely to play a role in this amelioration include the glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and among compounds that selectively induce key GSTs are tert‐butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and oltipraz [4‐methyl‐5‐(2‐pyrazinyl)‐3H‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione]. In vivo, and in hepatoma cells (H4IIE), these two agents induce rat GSTA2 mRNA to a similar extent. However, with a luciferase reporter construct containing 1651 bp of the proximal 5′ flanking region of the rGSTA2 gene in the same cell line and under similar conditions, luciferase activity was induced to a much greater extent by tBHQ than by oltipraz. A similar large intercompound differential was seen with reporter constructs containing either the rGSTA2 ARE enhancer and HNF1 site (−872 to −582) or XRE enhancer and HNF1 site (−1110 to −812). In H4IIE cells, the rGSTA2 mRNA response to each agent was completely inhibited by 1 μM actinomycin‐D cotreatment. With 1 μM cycloheximide cotreatment however, some induction by tBHQ remained, while induction by oltipraz was completely abolished. The induction response to tBHQ but not oltipraz was augmented by pretreatment with PD98059, a MEK1/2 specific inhibitor. Notwithstanding induction characteristics in common, oltipraz, and tBHQ have sufficient dissimilarities to indicate that rGSTA2 upregulation by the two agents is not identical. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:154–161, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10033
Balanced scorecard for multinationals
Authors: Landry Steven P. , Chan Wai Yee Canri , Jalbert Terrance 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo succeed today, multinational companies must focus on their core competencies. But traditional management

control systems don't help you implement global strategies, because of their narrow information perspective.

What's the solution? It's a balanced scorecard approach specially designed for multinationals, say

the authors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investors: What's being done about misleading financial reports?
Authors: Hussein Mohamed E. , Seow Gim S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDo financial reports really tell investors the whole truth? Companies like Amazon.com and Microsoft

derive most of their value from new types of intangible assets—such as technology, processes, and customer

loyalties. But the current model of financial reporting doesn't recognize many of these new intangible

assets. This has created a widening gap between book values and market valuations for many emerging companies.

The authors explore what's being done about this thorny problem, here and abroad. They also include some

useful charts comparing U.S. and international accounting for intangible assets. © 2002 Wiley

Periodicals, Inc.
Methodology of predicting approximate shapes and size distribution of micelles: Illustration for simple models
Authors: Kinoshita Masahiro , Sugai Yoshiki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe propose an efficient methodology for predicting approximate shapes and size distribution of micelles. The methodology is a judicious combination of a conventional thermodynamic approach, the reference interaction site model (RISM) theory, and the Monte Carlo (MC) simulated annealing technique. Solvent effects are fully incorporated using the RISM theory with our robust and very efficient algorithm for solving the RISM equations, and the MC technique is applied only to surfactant molecules. The methodology is potentially applicable to realistic models of surfactant and solvent molecules with all‐atom potentials. As the first step, however, it is illustrated for simplified models having only essential characteristics of the amphiphiles. We estimate the critical micelle concentration, approximate shapes, and size distributions at some surfactant concentrations. Roles of the solvent and effects due to the type of the surfactant molecule are discussed in detail. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1445–1455, 2002
Integral algorithm and density matrix integration scheme for ab initio band structure calculations on polymeric systems
Authors: Jacquemin Denis , Champagne Benoît , André Jean‐Marie , Deumens Erik , öhrn Yngve 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new program for band structure calculations of periodic one‐dimensional systems has been constructed. It is distinguishable from other codes by the efficient two‐electron integral evaluation and the integration schemes of the density matrix in the first Brillouin zone. The computation of polymeric two‐electron integrals is based on the McMurchie Davidson algorithm and builds batches of the different cell indices included in the polymeric system. Consequently it presents efficient scaling with respect to the number of unit cells taken into account. Our algorithm takes into account fully the polymeric symmetry rather than the molecular symmetry. A semidirect procedure where only exchange integrals are computed at each SCF cycle is proposed in order to maintain balance between computation time and disk space. In addition, the integration of the density matrix over a large number of cell indices can be performed by different methods, such as Gauss‐Legendre, Clenshaw‐Curtis, Filon, and Alaylioglu‐Evans‐Hyslop. This last scheme is able to obtain an accuracy of 10−13 a.u. on each individual density matrix element for all cell indices with only 48 k‐points. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1430–1444, 2002
Comparison of four enzyme immunoassays for the detection of immunoglobulin G antibody against glomerular basement membrane
Authors: Jaskowski Troy D. , Martins Thomas B. , Litwin Christine M. , Hill Harry R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGoodpasture syndrome is a life‐threatening autoimmune kidney and pulmonary disease that is characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure, and the presence of autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) techniques. In 1988, these antibodies were found to be specific for the noncollagen region of the α3 collagen IV chain. The antigen is characterized by a restricted tissue distribution occurring mainly in the kidneys and lungs. Specific enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for anti‐GBM have now been developed for in vitro diagnostic use in the laboratory. Our objective in this study was to compare the results obtained using four different EIAs for detecting anti‐GBM IgG antibody with those using the standard IFA method using tissue from human kidney. Thirty‐two patients with suspected Goodpasture syndrome, and 10 control sera were included in the study. GBM EIAs were purchased from or donated by the following vendors: Scimedx Corporation (Denville, NJ), INOVA Diagnostics (San Diego, CA), The Binding Site (Birmingham, England), and Wieslab (distributed by DiaSorin, Inc., Stillwater, MN). Percent agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for each EIA as compared to IFA. The results were as follows: Binding Site: 83.3, 100.0, and 72.0%; Wieslab: 95.2, 94.1, and 96.0%; INOVA: 96.2, 100.0, and 92.3%; and Scimedx: 81.0, 100.0, and 68.0%. We conclude that the INOVA and Wieslab GBM IgG EIAs compared well with the standard GBM IFA method using tissue from human kidney. The Scimedx and Binding Site EIAs had eight and seven false‐positive results, respectively, when compared to GBM IFA using human kidney. The authors recommend conducting thorough evaluations of EIAs that screen for anti‐GBM antibody before their implementation in the clinical laboratory. We also recommend confirming GBM EIA‐positive sera by the standard IFA method using tissue from human kidney. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:143–145, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectrophotometric determination of leukocytes in blood
Authors: Kuzu‐Karsilayan Huriye , Eryilmaz Eda , Yillar Gaye , Deniz Günnur , Yanikkaya‐Demirel Gülderen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe determination of leukocyte concentration in human blood depending on the detection of oxidized o‐dianisidine in acidic solution is studied. The oxidation of o‐dianisidine was carried out by peroxidase enzymes found in leukocytes. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 4N H2SO4 to the solution, and a very stable, colored o‐dianisidine derivative was obtained. The calibration graph was plotted with the recorded absorbance values at 400 nm assigned to the y‐axis, and leukocyte counts in 1‐mL blood samples to the x‐axis. The equation of the calibration graph was y=0.0025x+0.0904, with a correlation coefficient of R=0.994. The coefficient of variation and P‐value of the method were 4.00% and 0.05%, respectively. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:233–236, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of pigment cells in the zebrafish embryo
Authors: Lister James A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn recent years, the zebrafish Danio rerio has emerged as a powerful model organism for the study of vertebrate embryogenesis. Zebrafish, like other vertebrates, possess pigment cells that arise from two distinct embryonic sources: those of the dermis and epidermis originate from the neural crest, while those that comprise the outermost layer of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium or RPE, derive from the optic cup. A better understanding of processes behind the specification and differentiation of these cells will provide insight to the evolutionary diversification of all classes of vertebrates and will have clinical relevance to human disorders of pigmentation and certain retinopathies. In the first part of this review, the present knowledge of the ontogeny of both of these populations of pigment cells in the embryonic zebrafish is summarized, in terms of both genetics and molecular markers. The final part of the review focuses on duplicate zebrafish genes encoding orthologs of the basic helix‐loop‐helix/leucine zipper protein Mitf (Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor), and presents a hypothesis concerning their divergent roles in neural crest and retinal pigment cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:435–441, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and constraints of the Drosophila segment polarity module: Robust spatial patterning emerges from intertwined cell state switches
Authors: Von Dassow George , Odell Garrett M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Drosophila segment polarity genes constitute the last tier in the segmentation cascade; their job is to maintain the boundaries between parasegments and provide positional “read‐outs” within each parasegment for the entire developmental history of the animal. These genes constitute a relatively well‐defined network with a relatively well‐understood patterning task. In a previous publication (von Dassow et al. 2000. Nature 406:188–192) we showed that a computer model predicts the segment polarity network to be a robust boundary‐making device. Here we elaborate those findings. First, we explore the constraints among parameters that govern the network model. Second, we test architectural variants of the core network, and show that the network tolerates a wide variety of adjustments in design. Third, we evaluate several topologically identical models that incorporate more or less molecular detail, finding that more‐complex models perform noticeably better than simplified ones. Fourth, we discuss two instances in which the failure of the network model to behave in a life‐like fashion highlights mechanistic details that need further experimental investigation. We conclude with an explanation of how the segment polarity network can be understood as an interwoven conspiracy of simple dynamical elements, several bistable switches and a homeostat. The robustness with which the network as a whole maintains a spatial regime of stable cell state emerges from generic dynamical properties of these simple elements. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 294:179–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Economic reform, state capture, and international investment in transition economies
Authors: Jensen Nathan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in transition economies are affected by political factors. This paper examines the empirical effects of two factors: (i) the level of economic reform; and (ii) the level of ‘capture’ of the state by political and economic elites, on the level of FDI inflows using both OLS and Tobit models for 18 countries from 1993–97. Both of these factors have large and statistically significant effects on FDI inflows. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Honeycomb structure in the lamina lucida of epidermal basement membrane during metamorphosis of Rana temporaria ornativentris
Authors: Osawa T. , Feng X‐Y. , Marue H. , Liao M‐Y. , Nozaka Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study we examine the structure of the lamina lucida during metamorphosis of Rana temporaria ornativentris. During the metamorphosis of anuran larvae, both the epidermal cells and the dermal connective tissues in the tail regenerate. The basal surface of the epidermis becomes irregular and the epidermal basement membrane detaches from the epidermal cells, showing a widened lamina lucida. In this widened lamina we observed a geometrical honeycomb structure and a ladder structure. Each side of the honeycomb structure was approximately 40 nm and the intervals of the ladder structure were approximately 50 nm. From our observations we believe that the honeycomb and ladder appearances are different aspects of the same structure. At the beginning of metamorphosis anchoring filaments were prominent in the lamina lucida and, when the lamina lucida was tangentially cut, the lamina lucida showed the honeycomb structure. These results suggest that both the honeycomb and the ladder structures observed in the widened lamina lucida originate from constituents of the lamina lucida and become morphologically evident during the epidermal‐dermal separation. J. Morphol. 254:92–98, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A carbonyl oxygen migration in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application in differentiating α‐ and β‐alanyl peptides
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Yi , Niu Yan‐Lin , Fu Hua , Zhao Yu‐Fen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel rearrangement reaction with a carbonyl oxygen migration was observed in the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectra of N‐diisopropyloxyphosphoryl dipeptides and their analogues. A possible mechanism was proposed and supported by the MS/MS study, derivatization of different functional groups and deuterium labeling experiments. It was found that metal ions could catalyze the rearrangement through a five‐membered ring intermediate. A strong affinity between the phosphoryl group and oxygen atom in the gas phase was proposed to result in this kind of rearrangement reaction, which might provide some basic information on the nature of phosphorylation in biochemistry. The replacement of N‐terminal α‐alanine by β‐alanine stopped the migration, which provides a simple method for differentiating the α‐ and β‐alanine residues at the N‐terminus of peptides. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of general linear dielectric properties in TLM
Authors: Paul John , Christopoulos Christos , Thomas David W.P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe simulation of linear dispersive dielectric materials in time‐domain TLM requires the inclusion of frequency‐dependent material properties in the scattering process. For media having frequency dependencies described by a single pole or a pair of complex poles, for example Debye, Drude or Lorentz, it is straightforward to develop individual algorithms on a case‐by‐case basis. However, this approach lacks generality and when applied to the modelling of media displaying more complicated frequency dependencies, somewhat lengthy calculations need to be evaluated each time a new material is required. To address this difficulty, this paper describes methods for obtaining the iteration algorithm for general linear isotropic dielectric media. The results obtained using different 𝒵‐transform methods are compared and an example of a frequency‐dependent structure is simulated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citicoline mechanisms and clinical efficacy in cerebral ischemia
Authors: Adibhatla Rao Muralikrishna , Hatcher J.F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCiticoline, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), has shown beneficial effects in various CNS injury models and neurodegenerative diseases. PtdCho hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion yields arachidonic acid (ArAc) and lyso‐PtdCho. ArAc oxidative metabolism results in formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides. Lyso‐PtdCho could inhibit activity of cytidine triphosphate‐phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (the rate‐limiting enzyme in PtdCho biosynthesis), resulting in impaired PtdCho synthesis. Citicoline significantly increased glutathione levels and attenuated release of ArAc and the loss of PtdCho, cardiolipin, and sphingomyelin following transient cerebral ischemia. These effects could be explained by an effect of citicoline on PLA2. Based on these observations, a mechanism has been hypothesized. This Mini‐Review summarizes recent experimental data on the effects of citicoline in cerebral ischemia and evaluates several factors that might have hindered efficacy of citicoline in stroke clinical trials in the United States. Clinical stroke trials of citicoline in Europe and Japan have demonstrated beneficial effects. U.S. trials shown only marginal effects, which might be due to the 24 hr time window, the dose and route of administration, and the stringency of the primary outcome parameters. Recent evaluation of U.S. clinical data suggests that reduction of infarct growth may be a more sensitive measure of the citicoline effect than improvement on the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) by ≥7 points. The citicoline neuroprotective mechanism has not been clearly identified, and its potential in stroke treatment might still be fully recognized in the United States. The clinical efficacy of citicoline should be examined further in light of the recent phase III stroke clinical trials and experimental data for cerebral ischemia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping the HRM practices of international organizations
Authors: Hiltrop Jean M. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
This article explores the key differences between international and domestic companies and reviews the findings of research that compared and contrasted the HRM practices of international companies.
The conclusions help to understand what multinational companies do to attract, retain and motivate people and how this varies between industries and nationalities of the corporate parent.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Varietal differences in terpene composition of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L) berries by solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography
Authors: Ruiz del Castillo Maria Luisa , Dobson Gary 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRelative amounts of volatile terpenes in berries of 10 different blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L) cultivars were examined by solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography (SPME/GC). The optimisation of a variety of parameters affecting SPME enabled relative standard deviations from three replicates ranging from 2 to 12% to be achieved. Differences between cultivars in the proportions rather than in the qualitative composition of volatile terpenes were found, and the proportions of some terpenes were especially variable. Furthermore, the enantiomeric ratios of the chiral terpenes were determined for the first time in blackcurrant berries by GC using a column with a stationary phase containing permethylated cyclodextrin (Chirasil‐β‐Dex). The enantiomeric compositions of the majority of the chiral terpenes varied within a reasonably narrow range. However, the levels of two monoterpene alcohols, terpinen‐4‐ol and linalool, exhibited considerable variations amongst cultivars.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry